cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reconceiving metadata: language documentation through thick and thin
Creators: name: Nathan, David
name: Austin, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: Metadata can be described as ‘data about data’. As a result of recent activities and discussion regarding documentation of endangered languages through projects such as OLAC (Open Language Archives Community) (Simons and Bird 2003) and IMDI (ISLE Meta Data Initiative), metadata within language documentation is now coming to be understood as information that is attached to a file or document for cataloguing purposes (see Johnson, this volume). We call this focus on cataloguing metadata ‘thin metadata’. It runs the risk of not only being a simplistic view of the role of metadata in language documentation, but also, in the longer term, is likely to limit the accomplishments of the field. Thus, a richer, “thick metadata” approach that operates at all levels of linguistic analysis should be central to our field. What has emerged is a “metadata gap”; on the one hand we find minimalist cataloguing schemas promoted for the endangered languages field, and on the other are the rich descriptions that fieldworking linguists write as they create and analyse their data. What is needed to support language documentation is a metadata methodology that provides flexible, richly articulated knowledge representation schemas to encode linguists’ cascading layers of data and metadata.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
A mixing-like property and inexistence of invariant foliations for minimal diffeomorphisms of the 2-torus
Creators: name: Kocsard, Alejandro
name: Koropecki, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E30

description: We consider diffeomorphisms in the $C^\infty$-closure of the conjugancy class of translations of the 2-torus. By a theorem of Fathi and Herman, a generic diffeomorphism in that space is minimal and uniquely ergodic. We define a new mixing-like property, which takes into account the "directions" of mixing, and we prove that generic elements of the space in question satisfy this property. As a consequence, we show that there is a residual set of strictly ergodic diffeomorphisms without invariant foliations of any kind. We also obtain an analytic version of these results.
description: 8 pages, to appear in Proc. Amer. Math. Soc
Documentation in practice: developing a linked media corpus of South Efate
Creators: name: Thieberger, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: There is a growing need for linguists working with endangered languages to be able to provide documentation of those languages that will serve two functions, not only the analysis and presentation of examples and texts, but also the means for accessing the material in the future. In this paper I describe a workflow for building documentation into a language description developed in the course of writing a grammar of South Efate, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu, for a PhD dissertation. I suggest that, with appropriate tools, the effort of recording and transcribing documentary field recordings can result in a media corpus from which we can produce instant links between text and media, which in turn enriches our analysis. Further, these annotations are in an ideal form for archiving and for providing access to data by the speakers of the language. I take it as axiomatic that we must archive our recordings and associated material and that this step is integral to the larger project of language documentation (see Johnson, this volume).
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Motion in alternative theories of gravity
Creators: name: Esposito-Farese, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although general relativity (GR) passes all present experimental tests with flying colors, it remains important to study alternative theories of gravity for several theoretical and phenomenological reasons that we recall in these lecture notes. The various possible ways of modifying GR are presented, and we notably show that the motion of massive bodies may be changed even if one assumes that matter is minimally coupled to the metric as in GR. This is illustrated with the particular case of scalar-tensor theories of gravity, whose Fokker action is discussed, and we also mention the consequences of the no-hair theorem on the motion of black holes. The finite size of the bodies modifies their motion with respect to pointlike particles, and we give a simple argument showing that the corresponding effects are generically much larger in alternative theories than in GR. We also discuss possible modifications of Newtonian dynamics (MOND) at large distances, which have been proposed to avoid the dark matter hypothesis. We underline that all the previous classes of alternatives to GR may a priori be used to predict such a phenomenology, but that they generically involve several theoretical and experimental difficulties.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures, lecture given at the "School on Mass" (Orleans, France, June 2008), uses Springer's "svmult.cls"
Planning multimedia documentation
Creators: name: Nathan, David
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: This paper describes some of the issues and processes in initiating, planning and developing an interactive multimedia CD-ROM for an endangered language (EL). It provides some guidance for dealing with issues that are not normally faced by linguists. It is beyond the scope of the paper to detail the skills required for preparing data or creating usable applications (such as media editing, data processing, or multimedia authoring). However, often the greatest difficulty faced by linguists is to identify which skills are needed — skills they may need to acquire or get assistance with. The focus here is on the Paakantyi CD (Hercus and Nathan 2000), and the interweaving of planning, community participation, and a team approach in its construction. Paakantyi is the language of the lower Darling River, south-western NSW, Australia. While Paakantyi no longer has any fluent speakers, the input of Paakantyi people had a profound influence on shaping the CD’s design and content. By exposing product planning and evolution to the community you can not only get valuable feedback about design, content, and usability, but also build a local ‘story’ — a biography — for the eventual multimedia product.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
An alternative approach to determining average distance in a class of scale-free modular networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhongzhi
name: Lin, Yuan
name: Zhou, Shuigeng
name: Wang, Zhigang
name: Guan, Jihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various real-life networks of current interest are simultaneously scale-free and modular. Here we study analytically the average distance in a class of deterministically growing scale-free modular networks. By virtue of the recursive relations derived from the self-similar structure of the networks, we compute rigorously this important quantity, obtaining an explicit closed-form solution, which recovers the previous result and is corroborated by extensive numerical calculations. The obtained exact expression shows that the average distance scales logarithmically with the number of nodes in the networks, indicating an existence of small-world behavior. We present that this small-world phenomenon comes from the peculiar architecture of the network family.
description: Submitted for publicaction
Language documentation and archiving, or how to build a better corpus
Creators: name: Johnson, Heidi
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: Archives have historically played a central role in the description of endangered languages. This is not surprising, since there is little sense in collecting data on languages that are disappearing if there is no plan for preserving that data. Archiving materials for the already nearly extinct languages of North America was an essential goal of the pioneers of Americanist linguistics: Franz Boas, Edward Sapir, and their intellectual descendants. They diligently deposited all their field notes (and later, audio recordings) in archives and museums such as the Smithsonian Institution. There are already several digital archives for endangered language materials ready to receive the documentation being produced today, and to digitize and archive legacy materials from previous decades. The Digital Endangered Languages and Musics Archive Network (DELAMAN) has been formed to co-ordinate efforts and thus improve service to the field. The workshop at which this paper was originally presented was one result of DELAMAN’s collaboration. I hope that this brief guide to corpus management will help ensure that these unprecedented quantities of materials documenting endangered languages are indeed accessible for speakers and researchers for generations to come.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Training speakers of indigenous languages of Latin America at a US university
Creators: name: Woodbury, Anthony C.
name: England, Nora C.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: In this paper we describe our experiences training speakers of indigenous languages of Latin America in documentary linguistics at a major US university. We feel that it has had and will have benefits for community language preservation efforts, for documentary linguistics, for linguistics more generally, and for our university. We hope here to make this case; and we hope it will encourage those in other universities contemplating such a programme for themselves in a way that suits their own interests, needs, and world position. In autumn 1998, the University of Texas (UT) announced a major initiative to increase its already considerable commitment to Latin American studies. A group of staff in the Linguistics, Anthropology, Spanish and Portuguese and Art History departments – Joel Sherzer, Madeline Sutherland, Charles Hale, Nicolas Shumway, Nikolai Grube, Tony Woodbury, and others – responded by proposing the creation of a Centre for Indigenous Languages of Latin America (CILLA). CILLA’s purpose was to be both research and teaching, with a special commitment to bringing members of indigenous communities to UT as postgraduate students. We intended to do this by building on our existing strengths in linguistics, anthropology, and Latin American studies, and, within these disciplines, in documentary...
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Gauss's method for secular dynamics, softened
Creators: name: Touma, J. R.
name: Tremaine, S.
name: Kazandjian, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the algorithm proposed by Gauss to compute the secular evolution of gravitationally interacting Keplerian rings extends naturally to softened gravitational interactions. The resulting tool is ideal for the study of the secular dynamical evolution of nearly Keplerian systems such as stellar clusters surrounding black holes in galactic nuclei, cometary clouds, or planetesimal discs. We illustrate its accuracy, efficiency and versatility on a variety of configurations. In particular, we examine a secularly unstable unstable system of counter-rotating disks, and follow the unfolding and saturation of the instability into a global, uniformly precessing, lopsided (m=1) mode.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures; minor changes to text and figures. To be published in MNRAS
The need for capacity building in Mexico: Misión de Chichimecas, a case study
Creators: name: Lastra, Yolanda
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: Some old projects formed the basis for the new law called General Law on Linguistic Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which was finally passed after much discussion and became official on March 13, 2003 (Diario de Campo, 2003). It is too early to tell whether the actual linguistic situation in Mexico will improve or not with the new legislation. For the moment, as an example of the present-day situation, let us take a look at one small community located in the state of Guanajuato where Chichimeco Jonaz is spoken. The local government began showing interest in preserving the language around 1995, when a book of Chichimec narratives written by children who had had no previous experience in writing their language was published and distributed. It is evident that neither the teachers nor the writers, often the same young people, have no facilities to do proper work. They have, furthermore, received makeshift preparation, and do a remarkably good job considering the circumstances. It is to be hoped that with the new law outlined above proper funding might be allocated and conditions will improve for the teachers and learners of Chichimeco Jonaz as well as those of all the other Indian languages of...
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Conductance characteristics of current-carrying d-wave weak links
Creators: name: Shevchenko, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local quasiparticle density of states in the current-carrying d-wave superconducting structures was studied theoretically. The density of states can be accessed through the conductance of the scanning tunnelling microscope. Two particular situations were considered: the current state of the homogeneous film and the weak link between two current-carrying d-wave superconductors.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; to appear in Low. Temp. Phys
A power-law break in the near-infrared power spectrum of the Galactic center black hole
Creators: name: Meyer, L.
name: Do, T.
name: Ghez, A.
name: Morris, M. R.
name: Yelda, S.
name: Schoedel, R.
name: Eckart, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proposed scaling relations of a characteristic timescale in the X-ray power spectral density of galactic and supermassive black holes have been used to argue that the accretion process is the same for small and large black holes. Here, we report on the discovery of this timescale in the near-infrared radiation of Sgr A*, the 4x10^6 solar mass black hole at the center of our Galaxy, which is the most extreme sub-Eddington source accessible to observations. Previous simultaneous monitoring campaigns established a correspondence between the X-ray and near-infrared regime and thus the variability timescales are likely identical for the two wavelengths. We combined Keck and VLT data sets to achieve the necessary dense temporal coverage, and a time baseline of four years allows for a broad temporal frequency range. Comparison with Monte Carlo simulations is used to account for the irregular sampling. We find a timescale at 154 (+124 -87) min (errors mark the 90% confidence limits) which is inconsistent with a recently proposed scaling relation that uses bolometric luminosity and black hole mass as parameters. However, our result fits the expected value if only linear scaling with black hole mass is assumed. We suggest that the luminosity-mass-timescale relation applies only to black hole systems in the soft state. In the hard state, which is characterized by lower luminosities and accretion rates, there is just linear mass scaling, linking Sgr A* to hard state stellar mass black holes.
description: 14 pages; accepted by ApJ Letters for publication
From continua to R-trees
Creators: name: Papasoglu, Panos
name: Swenson, Eric L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E08, 54F15, 20F65, 54F05

description: We show how to associate an R-tree to the set of cut points of a continuum. If X is a continuum without cut points we show how to associate an R-tree to the set of cut pairs of X.
description: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 1 November 2006
Interaction-induced anomalous transport behavior in one dimensional optical lattice
Creators: name: Cai, Zi
name: Wang, Lei
name: Xie, X. C.
name: Wang, Yupeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-equilibrium dynamics of spin impurity atoms in a strongly interacting one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas under the gravity field is studied. We show that due to the non-equilibrium preparation of the initial state as well as the interaction between the impurity atoms and other bosons, a counterintuitive phenomenon may emerge: the impurity atoms could propagate upwards automatically in the gravity field . The effects of the strength of interaction, the gradient of the gravity field, as well as the different configurations of the initial state are investigated by studying the time-dependent evolution of the 1D strongly interacting bosonic system using time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) method. A profound connection between this counterintuitive phenomenon and the repulsive bound pair is also revealed.
description: 4.1 pages
Control of tetrahedral coordination and superconductivity in FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films
Creators: name: Huang, S. X.
name: Chien, C. L.
name: Thampy, V.
name: Broholm, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a close relationship between superconductivity and the dimensions of the Fe-Se(Te) tetrahedron in FeSe0.5Te0.5. This is done by exploiting thin film epitaxy, which provides controlled biaxial stress, both compressive and tensile, to distort the tetrahedron. The Se/Te height within the tetrahedron is found to be of crucial importance to superconductivity, in agreement with the theoretical proposal that (pi,pi) spin fluctuations promote superconductivity in Fe superconductors.
ҲАЙВОНОТ ЁКИ ЎСИМЛИК ДУНЁСИДАН ФОЙДАЛАНИШ ТАРТИБИНИ БУЗИШ ЖИНОЯТИГА ОИД АЙРИМ МУЛОҲАЗЛАР
Creators: name: Рустамов, Ҳумоюн
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ҳайвонот ёки ўсимлик дунёси ҳаётимизнинг асоси ҳисобланади десак адашмаган бўламан. Инсон ҳеч қачон буларсиз яшай олмайди, чунки у табиатнинг ажралмас қисми ҳисобланади. Биз яшаб турган ва бизни ўраб-тўрган олам, яъни ҳайвонот ёки ўсимлик дунёсини келажак авлодимизга худди шундай ҳолатда топширишимиз энг муҳим бурчимиз ҳисобланади. Афсуски, ҳайвонот, ўсимлик дунёсига зарар етказаётган инсонлар кўпаймоқда.
XTile: An Error-Correction Package for DNA Self-Assembly
Creators: name: Chaurasia, Anshul
name: Dwivedi, Sudhanshu
name: Jain, Prateek
name: Gupta, Manish K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self assembly is a process by which supramolecular species form spontaneously from their components. This process is ubiquitous throughout the life chemistry and is central to biological information processing. It has been predicted that in future self assembly will become an important engineering discipline by combining the fields of bio molecular computation, nano technology and medicine. However error control is a key challenge in realizing the potential of self assembly. Recently many authors have proposed several combinatorial error correction schemes to control errors which have a close analogy with the coding theory such as Winfree s proofreading scheme and its generalizations by Chen and Goel and compact scheme of Reif, Sahu and Yin. In this work, we present an error correction computational tool XTile that can be used to create input files to the Xgrow simulator of Winfree by providing the design logic of the tiles and it also allows the user to apply proofreading, snake and compact error correction schemes.
description: 5 pages, FNANO 2009 conference paper, The tool XTile is available for download and use at http://www.guptalab.org/xtile
Semi-classical limit and minimum decoherence in the Conditional Probability Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Corbin, Vincent
name: Cornish, Neil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Conditional Probability Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics replaces the abstract notion of time used in standard Quantum Mechanics by the time that can be read off from a physical clock. The use of physical clocks leads to apparent non-unitary and decoherence. Here we show that a close approximation to standard Quantum Mechanics can be recovered from conditional Quantum Mechanics for semi-classical clocks, and we use these clocks to compute the minimum decoherence predicted by the Conditional Probability Interpretation.
description: 8 pages, references added
On the extension of a TCFT to the boundary of the moduli space
Creators: name: Hamilton, Alastair
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14D21, 14D22, 18D50, 57N65, 81Q30

description: The purpose of this paper is to describe an analogue of a construction of Costello in the context of finite-dimensional differential graded Frobenius algebras which produces closed forms on the decorated moduli space of Riemann surfaces. We show that this construction extends to a certain natural compactification of the moduli space which is associated to the modular closure of the associative operad, due to the absence of ultra-violet divergences in the finite-dimensional case. We demonstrate that this construction is equivalent to the "dual construction" of Kontsevich.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Turbulence-Flame Interactions in Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Aspden, A. J.
name: Bell, J. B.
name: Day, M. S.
name: Woosley, S. E.
name: Zingale, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large range of time and length scales involved in type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) requires the use of flame models. As a prelude to exploring various options for flame models, we consider, in this paper, high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of the small-scale dynamics of nuclear flames in the supernova environment in which the details of the flame structure are fully resolved. The range of densities examined, 1 to $8 \times 10^7$ g cm$^{-3}$, spans the transition from the laminar flamelet regime to the distributed burning regime where small scale turbulence disrupts the flame. The use of a low Mach number algorithm facilitates the accurate resolution of the thermal structure of the flame and the inviscid turbulent kinetic energy cascade, while implicitly incorporating kinetic energy dissipation at the grid-scale cutoff. For an assumed background of isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence with an energy characteristic of SN Ia, we find a transition density between 1 and $3 \times 10^7$ g cm$^{-3}$ where the nature of the burning changes qualitatively. By $1 \times 10^7$ g cm$^{-3}$, energy diffusion by conduction and radiation is exceeded, on the flame scale, by turbulent advection. As a result, the effective Lewis Number approaches unity. That is, the flame resembles a laminar flame, but is turbulently broadened with an effective diffusion coefficient, $D_T \sim u' l$, where $u'$ is the turbulent intensity and $l$ is the integral scale. For the larger integral scales characteristic of a real supernova, the flame structure is predicted to become complex and unsteady. Implications for a possible transition to detonation are discussed.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures. Some figures degraded for size. See seesar.lbl.gov (or ApJ) for full quality. To be published in ApJ December 2008
Language planning in West Africa - who writes the script?
Creators: name: Lüpke, Friederike
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: Rather than focusing on capacity building, this paper concentrates on the even more fundamental aspect of capacity detecting, culminating in the question of how inherent capacities of language communities, once discovered, can be instrumental for the preservation and development of their language. The issue in question is the informal use of a script based on Arabic characters instead of the Roman alphabet for the writing of at least five African languages throughout West Africa, among them Fula, Hausa, Wolof, Manding and Susu. The use of this script, and the resulting literary tradition, have been overlooked or dismissed by most institutions charged with language planning in the relevant regions. Sadly, rather than illustrating the successful detection and implementation of such indigenous literacies, this paper points to a consistent Eurocentric bias present in the failure to recognise West African writing traditions which have both a long history and are still very much alive. I conclude with a plea to language documenters and language planners to watch out for local capacities, to take them seriously, and to integrate them into their efforts to strengthen endangered languages. Before taking a closer look at the particular situations, I will introduce the problems of literacy and...
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Capacity building in an African context
Creators: name: Dimmendaal, Gerrit J.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: Many African countries are characterized by large numbers of languages, however they differ with respect to the roles played by these languages in the educational system or administration. As shown below through a comparison of the situation in Sudan (section 2) and Ethiopia (section 3), these differences also affect the state the fields of descriptive and documentary linguistics find themselves in in these countries. And, not unexpectedly, this situation also determines the relative need for capacity building. An overview of language policies and capacity building in former British, French and Portuguese colonies in Africa, as presented in section 4, should make clear that colonial heritage is but one factor determining the current state of description and documentation. Language policies in the post-colonial period have fluctuated in many African countries; moreover, one frequently observes a discrepancy between the official language policy and the actual policy as practised in a number of countries. The presence of non-governmental organisations dealing with literacy projects, and consequently, with the study of indigenous languages, appears to have had a positive effect on the situation. For various historical reasons partly outlined below, the degree of capacity building needed clearly differs between countries on the African continent. Moreover...
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Galaxy-Induced Transformation of Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Abadi, Mario G.
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: Fardal, Mark
name: Babul, Arif
name: Steinmetz, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use N-body/gasdynamical LambdaCDM cosmological simulations to examine the effect of the assembly of a central galaxy on the shape and mass profile of its dark halo. Two series of simulations are compared; one that follows only the evolution of the dark matter component and a second one where a baryonic component is added. These simulations include radiative cooling but neglect star formation and feedback, leading most baryons to collect at the halo center in a disk which is too small and too massive when compared with typical spiral. This unrealistic model allows us, nevertheless, to gauge the maximum effect that galaxies may have in transforming their dark halos. We find that the shape of the halo becomes more axisymmetric: halos are transformed from triaxial into essentially oblate systems, with well-aligned isopotential contours of roughly constant flattening (c/a ~ 0.85). Halos always contract as a result of galaxy assembly, but the effect is substantially less pronounced than predicted by the "adiabatic contraction" hypothesis. The reduced contraction helps to reconcile LambdaCDM halos with constraints on the dark matter content inside the solar circle and should alleviate the long-standing difficulty of matching simultaneously the scaling properties of galaxy disks and the luminosity function. The halo contraction is also less pronounced than found in earlier simulations, a disagreement that suggests that halo contraction is not solely a function of the initial and final distribution of baryons. Not only how much baryonic mass has been deposited at the center of a halo matters, but also the mode of its deposition. It might prove impossible to predict the halo response without a detailed understanding of a galaxy's assembly history. (Abriged)
description: 11 pages and 9 figures
Capacity building for some endangered languages of Russia: Voices from Tundra and Taiga
Creators: name: De Graaf, Tjeerd
name: Shiraishi, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: In 1995, we initiated a project on The Use of Acoustic Data Bases and the Study of Language Change which was financially supported by the INTAS organisation in Brussels (De Graaf 1997, 1998). INTAS stands for INTernational ASsociation for the Promotion of Co-operation with Scientists from the Independent States of the former Soviet Union. Other research projects are financially supported by the NWO (the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research) and Groningen University. Within the research programme Voices from Tundra and Taiga several projects have now been realized. First, background information is provided for this research programme and next we illustrate some useful results which have been obtained in our joint projects. Our aim is to reconstruct more old recordings of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Pushkinsky Dom and to use these data for the study of the language, music and folklore of the peoples of Russia. We concentrate on the study of some of the endangered languages of Russia and stress the importance of this topic, particularly in relation to capacity building for some of the languages of Russia.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Development of a configuration-interaction + all-order method for atomic calculations
Creators: name: Safronova, M. S.
name: Kozlov, M. G.
name: Johnson, W. R.
name: Jiang, Dansha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theoretical method within the framework of relativistic many-body theory to accurately treat correlation corrections in atoms with few valence electrons. This method combines the all-order approach currently used in precision calculations of properties of monovalent atoms with the configuration-interaction approach that is applicable for many-electron systems. The method is applied to Mg, Ca, Sr, Zn, Cd, Ba, and Hg to evaluate ionization energies and low-lying energy levels.
description: 10 pages
Linguistic study by speakers: efforts of an Institute
Creators: name: Annamalai, E.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: The Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) in Mysore is entrusted with the work of research, training and materials production for the development of all Indian languages (other than Hindi and Sanskrit), including tribal and other minor languages, and for the solution of language problems of this multilingual country. The Institute has highlighted the use of languages in education as a primary step in language development and in facilitating communication to solve problems. Both are done in the context of multilingualism and with the goal of maintaining language diversity. From the experience of CIIL in linguistic capacity building, it is obvious that one of its preconditions is a certain level of literacy among the speakers of tribal languages, and an adequate level of education among the participants in training as partners of linguistic projects or in formal institutional training. It is extremely rare to have people with school education from pre-literate communities. Secondly, there must be willingness on the part of the communities to work with outsiders. Thirdly, the participants in training must be able to relate the skills and knowledge they acquire to their perceived needs of the language and the community.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Dictionary making in endangered speech communities
Creators: name: Mosel, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: This paper discusses a number of problems which are characteristic of lexicographic work in short-term language documentation projects and addresses the following issues: co-operation with the speech community, the selection of a dialect and the challenge to produce a useful piece of work meeting the usual academic standards of lexicography in spite of limited resources of time, money and staff, and the fact that the language under study is not well researched, the linguist does not have a thorough knowledge of the language and the local assistants do not speak the lingua franca fluently. Drawing on my experience with dictionary projects in Western Samoa and Papua New Guinea, I deal in particular with orthography, the compilation of wordlists and the writing of dictionary entries. A brief discussion of the organisation of workshops and a critique of the notion of capacity building concludes the paper.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Language endangerment, language documentation and capacity building: challenges from New Guinea
Creators: name: Foley, William A.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: The New Guinea region, with its extreme linguistic diversity, over a thousand languages in a land area of 900,000 km, presents the urgent task of language documentation with an especially demanding challenge. Not only is the sheer number of languages daunting, but the actual number of genetic linguistic stocks is very high, at least thirty, but probably more, and the typological profiles of the languages are extremely varied (see Foley (2000) for an overview). While language endangerment is not as advanced as in some other areas of the world such as Australia and the Americas, most of the languages of New Guinea are spoken by very small speech communities, under a couple of thousand speakers and in many cases much less, and the inexorable advance of economic development, modernization and globalization threaten their viability as elsewhere, so that the current linguistic richness will certainly be greatly depleted by the turn of the next century. In this complex, shifting linguistic situation, language endangerment is unlikely to be a monolithic process, and it is therefore important to survey some of the paths different speech communities have taken.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Computable bounds for Rasmussen's concordance invariant
Creators: name: Lobb, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: Given a diagram D of a knot K, we give easily computable bounds for Rasmussen's concordance invariant s(K). The bounds are not independent of the diagram D chosen, but we show that for diagrams satisfying a given condition the bounds are tight. As a corollary we improve on previously known Bennequin-type bounds on the slice genus.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. A rewrite. New results and references added, main results unchanged
Maximal rank of extremal marginal tracial states
Creators: name: Ohno, Hiromichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46L30; 46N50

description: States on coupled quantum system whose restrictions to each subsystems are normalized traces are called marginal tracial states. We investigate extremal marginal tracial states and maximal rank of such states. Diagonal marginal tracial states are also considered.
description: 10 pages
ON ppbar DECAY WIDTHS OF HEAVY QUARKONIUM STATES
Creators: name: P. VOLKOVITSKY
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 1992

description: We discuss the decay widths and branching ratios of charmonium and bottomonium levels into p ̅p final states. The value of these widths and corresponding branching ratios determine quarkonia production cross-sections as s-channel resonances in p ̅p annihilation. From the known values of charmonia decay widths into different channels and usin non-relativistic formulas for S-,P- and D-state transitions into gluons we obtain the predictions for decay widths of ^1P_1, and ^3D_1 charmonium levels into p ̅p final state. To estimate p ̅p decay widths for ^3P_0, ^3D_2, ^3D_3 and ^1D_2 charmonium levels we mada some plausible assumptions on dependence of the amplitude of gluon transition into p ̅p state on angular momentum and parity. Than, using the energy behaviour of the amplitude of p ̅p annihilation into gluons given by non-perturbative quark-gluon model we come to estimates of p ̅p decay widths and branching ratios for 2^1S_0 level of charmonium and S- and P-levels of bottomonium.
A Protocol to Perform Repair Joints Inside ATLAS Barrel Toroid Conductors
Creators: name: G. Volpini
name: C. Uva
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2000

description: In case substantial difficulties are met to extrude sufficiently long lengths of the conductor for the ATLAS Barrel Toroid, it could be necessary to join shorter pieces. We have shown elsewhere that these joints, when properly performed, have a resistance sufficiently low to allow their use inside the ATLAS windings. The details of the protocol suggested to perform these joints is herein described.
Recent  Results on B Physics from LEP
Creators: name: Caso, Carlo
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2000

description: In this note I will present some of the most recent results on B properties based on the full LEP1 statistics (approx 4-4.5 M hadronic Z decays each LEP experiment). The selection of the topics follows in a way my personal experience and taste. Acknowledgments are due to LEP Collaborations for providing the data and to the various LEP Heavy Flavour Working Groups for combining the experimental results in the appropriate manner.
Construction and Test of a Prototype of Segmented Straw
Creators: name: L. Benussi
name: S. Bianco
name: A. Ceccarelli
name: P. Gianotti
name: L. Passamonti
name: D. Pierluigi
name: A. Russo
name: A. Tiburzi
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2010

description: We have realized a prototype of a segmented straw tube with the intention to use it with straight straws in order to reconstruct particle trajectories in three dimensions.  The basic idea is that of using the information of the "curved" "straws, to allow the determination of the space coordinate along the wires of the straight tubes. To realize this project we started with the construction of a single-tube prototype made of linear segments of straw inscribed in a circle.We report here the details of the construction of the prototype, together with some preliminary tests.
Countering purism: confronting the emergence of new varieties in a training program for community language workers
Creators: name: Florey, Margaret
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: In the linguistically diverse islands of Central Maluku in Eastern Indonesia, approximately forty-two Austronesian languages are spoken. The greatest degree of attested language endangerment in Indonesia is found in this region, yet very few of these languages have been the subject of modern linguistic analysis and grammatical description. Speaker numbers for moribund languages in Maluku are very small, and opportunities for documentation are enhanced by the presence of elderly speakers among the large population of Malukans who have lived in exile in the Dutch diaspora since 1950. In these two settings, a project is being undertaken to document four endangered Central Malukan languages and to carry out language maintenance and renewal activities. Our challenge as linguists responding to the voiced desires of communities to maintain or renew endangered languages is to develop tools which intervene in the language shift cycle. To meet this challenge, an innovative training program for community language workers is being developed among speakers of Malukan languages and their descendents both in the homeland in eastern Indonesia and in the Dutch diaspora. This paper reports on the training model, which has as its goals the facilitation of language documentation and maintenance at the community level, and the...
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)
Low Consumpion Charge Amplifiers for the Time of Flight  Detector of the PAMELA Experiment
Creators: name: P. Di Meo
name: M. Di Pietro
name: P. Parascandolo
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2001

description: An important requirement for the Time of Flight (TOF) electronics of the PAMELA satellite detector is the low power consumption. We have designed two possible charge amplifiers which provide accurate measurements while keeping power absorption suitably low.
Comparing local constants of elliptic curves in dihedral extensions
Creators: name: Chetty, Sunil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the theories of analytic and arithmetic local constants of elliptic curves, with the work of Rohrlich, for the former, and the work of Mazur and Rubin, for the latter, as a basis. With the Parity Conjecture as motivation, one expects that the arithmetic local constants should be the algebraic additive counterparts to ratios of local analytic root numbers. We calculate the constants on both sides in various cases, establishing this connection for a substantial class of elliptic curves. By calculating the arithmetic constants in some new cases, we also extend the class of elliptic curves for which one can determine lower bounds for the growth of p-Selmer rank in dihedral extensions of number fields.
Indigenous Women, Antenatal Care and Childbirth in Papua, Indonesia
Creators: name: Munro, Jenny
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2016

description: This In Brief presents some preliminary findings from qualitative research in progress on Papuan women’s use of health services for antenatal care and delivery. Papua presents the worst maternal and infant mortality rates in Indonesia, and indigenous Papuans experience poorer health than Indonesian migrants (BPS 2012). Maternal mortality is estimated at 362 per 100,000 live births compared to a national average of 220 per 100,000 live births (IPPA 2013). However, actual rates are probably higher due to under-reporting and lack of services in remote areas. Papuan women, most of whom live in rural areas, are less likely to have babies delivered by skilled personnel in a clinic or hospital than migrant women (BPS 2012:16).
Maps for general open quantum systems and a theory of linear quantum error correction
Creators: name: Shabani, A.
name: Lidar, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that quantum subdynamics of an open quantum system can always be described by a Hermitian map, irrespective of the form of the initial total system state. Since the theory of quantum error correction was developed based on the assumption of completely positive (CP) maps, we present a generalized theory of linear quantum error correction, which applies to any linear map describing the open system evolution. In the physically relevant setting of Hermitian maps, we show that the CP-map based version of quantum error correction theory applies without modifications. However, we show that a more general scenario is also possible, where the recovery map is Hermitian but not CP. Since non-CP maps have non-positive matrices in their range, we provide a geometric characterization of the positivity domain of general linear maps. In particular, we show that this domain is convex, and that this implies a simple algorithm for finding its boundary.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure. Supersedes arXiv:0708.1953
Editor's Preface and List of Contributors (LDD 2)
Creators: name: Austin, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2014

description: This volume arises from two one-day workshops held at the School of Oriental and AfricanStudies (SOAS), University of London: one on 22nd November 2003 entitled “Archiving Language Materials” and one on 7th February 2004 entitled “Training and Capacity Building for Endangered Languages Communities”. A companion to this volume is a CD-ROM called “The Disappearing Sounds of the World’s Languages” that contains multimedia materials presented as a public lecture by Professor Peter Ladefoged of the University of California, Los Angeles on 6th February 2004. The papers for this volume are written up versions of the workshop presentations; plus two invited papers (by Thieberger, presented as a Departmental Seminar at SOAS, and Nathan and Austin, originally presented at the Australian Linguistic Society Annual Conference, University of Sydney, July 2004).
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 2 (2004)