cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Validation of an Inclusive Dynamic-Thermal and Electric Simulation Model for PV Systems with Measurements from a Commercial Grid-Connected PV Inverter
Creators: name: Torres Lobera, D.
name: Valkealahti, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2794-2798
description: The photovoltaic (PV) electricity has become one of the most studied alternatives among the renewable energy sources during the last decades with innovative cell technologies and power electronic interfacing devices to the utility grid. However, more accurate models are required to analyze PV systems under non-ideal operating conditions, for example, to optimize the design of grid inverters. In this paper, the operation of a state of the art integrated simulation model for PV modules is verified with DC measurements of a PV string connected to a commercial inverter that feeds the power to the electrical grid. The simulation model is comprised of a dynamic thermal model and an electric model based on the well-known one-diode model. The atmospheric measurements used to simulate the module temperatures and the generated power have been recorded with TUT solar PV power station research plant.
Performance of PV Modules with Regard to the Mounting Situation
Creators: name: Brecl, K.
name: Topic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2809-2812
description: The performance of a PV module largely depends on the mounting situation. Module temperature is the key parameter that deteriorates the energy output of a PV module. Three small monocrystalline modules in different mounting conditions (open-rack, with steel plate on the back and with an air channel) were monitored for more than two years. The performance of the modules was evaluated with quality parameters: energy yield and performance ratio. Furthermore, a general thermodynamic model of PV modules was developed and fitted on measured data of all modules. Comparison of performance parameters shows an enhanced cooling effect of air channel behind the module and improved energy yield, while the steel plate on the back of the module deteriorates the energy output of the module.
PV Electricity Potential for Grid Connected Systems in Algeria
Creators: name: Hassaine, L.
name: Mraoui, A.
name: Khelif, M.
name: Guellal, A.
name: Kahlane, H.
name: Kherchi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2829-2833
description: This paper proposes a photovoltaic (PV) potential electricity for grid connected systems in Algeria using solar maps. A solar radiation database was developed using a solar radiation model and climatic data integrated within the PV geographic Information Systems (PVGIS). The database has been used to analyze regional and national of solar energy resources and to determinate a PV potential in Algeria. Climatic parameters (irradiation and temperature) and technological parameters (inverter efficiency) are the most influential parameters for the PV production systems. Using the previous input data, many simulations have been carried out in order to determinate the PV production and the influential parameters. The PV Electricity Potential for grid connected systems Algerian map has been plotted.
Single Axis Tracker Versus Fixed Tilt PV: Experimental and Simulated Results
Creators: name: Perraki, V.
name: Megas, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2711-2714
description: This work deals with the comparison between the photovoltaic properties as well as the energy provided by a Photovoltaic module installed in fixed tilt angle and an identical one adapted on a tracker. The modules have been installed on the roof of Electrical and Computer Engineering department at the University of Patras, Greece (latitude 380) and operated under real weather conditions. The PV properties of the tested modules which are experimentally measured during a long period are compared with those extracted from simulation through the PVSol software. The excess of the energy produced by the PV module installed on single axis tracker with 380 tilt angle, relative to the PV module installed with constant inclination has been found experimentally equal to 23% and theoretically equal to 24.6%.
Implications of diphoton searches for a Radion in the Bulk-Higgs Scenario
Creators: name: Cox, Peter
name: Medina, Anibal D.
name: Ray, Tirtha Sankar
name: Spray, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we point out that the apparent diphoton excess initially presented by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations could have originated from a radion in the bulk Higgs scenario within a warped extra dimension. In this scenario the couplings of the radion to massive gauge bosons are suppressed, allowing it to evade existing searches. In the presence of mixing with the Higgs, due to the strong constraints from diboson searches, only points near what we denominate the alignment region were able to explain the diphoton signal and evade other experimental constraints. In light of the new measurements presented at ICHEP 2016 by both LHC collaborations, which do not confirm the initial diphoton excess, we study the current and future collider constraints on a radion within the bulk-Higgs scenario. We find that searches in the diphoton channel provide the most powerful probe of this scenario and already exclude large regions of parameter space, particularly for smaller warp factors. The radion has a sizeable branching ratio into top pairs and this channel may also give competitive constraints in the future. Finally, diHiggs searches can provide a complementary probe in the case of non-zero radion-Higgs mixing but strong alignment.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures. Several changes including consequences from ICHEP2016. Final version accepted by journal
A Preliminary Study on One-Hour-Ahead Forecasts of Insolation in Japan
Creators: name: Fonseca Jr., J.G.S.
name: Oozeki, T.
name: Ohtake, H.
name: Takashima, T.
name: Ogimoto, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2775-2778
description: The objective of this study is to present preliminary results regarding the development of a method to forecast insolation in Japan one-hour-ahead of time. The forecast method was initially based on a method designed for day-ahead forecasts that uses support vector regression and numerical weather prediction data. From this initial method gradual modifications were done to better characterize the one-hour-ahead forecast problem. The analysis of the forecast method performance was done making 1 year of hourly insolation forecasts, from 5h to 20h, in Tsukuba city in Japan. The results show that just the inclusion of insolation measured 1 hour before the target hour of the forecasts as input data in the one-day-ahead forecast method causes a decrease of the annual root mean square error of 31%, from 0.0982 kWh/m2 to 0.0676 kWh/m2. Further adaptations to the one-hour-ahead problem reduced even further the forecast error. The best configuration of input variables and algorithm setup caused the forecasts to have an annual root mean square error of 0.0644 kWh/m2, near to 5% of error reduction over the initial configuration. From the point of view of the annual mean absolute error the same configuration yielded a forecast error of 0.0336 kWh/m2, an improvement of 9.4% over the initial method.
High Frequency Outdoor Measurements of Photovoltaic Modules Using an Innovative Measurement Set-Up
Creators: name: Herteleer, B.
name: Morel, B.
name: Huyck, B.
name: Cappelle, J.
name: Appels, R.
name: Lefevre, B.
name: Catthoor, F.
name: Driesen, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2700-2706
description: This article presents transient temperature results obtained using an innovative outdoor measurement set-up for photovoltaic modules at the KU Leuven campus Gent. This set-up is fast, flexible, modular and accurate through the use of National Instruments LabVIEW software and a CompactRIO with multiple C-series modules for the measurement of weather parameters from sensors such as irradiance, temperature, wind speed and direction. Temperature measurements performed using this set-up on multiple photovoltaic modules in a flat-roof mounting with open back show a variation of the temperature of the cell and the backsheet which is larger than often assumed. These temperature variations are primarily related to the irradiance, with wind speed and direction playing a secondary role. A temperature sensor mounting method is presented which leads to improved photovoltaic module thermal response reporting, with the added benefit that it is repeatable, easy to implement and more accurate   in variable weather conditions.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Photovoltaic Systems Monitoring Applications
Creators: name: Aghaei, M.
name: Bellezza Quater, P.
name: Grimaccia, F.
name: Leva, S.
name: Mussetta, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2734-2739
description: Over the past few decades, the world has seen a revolution in solar energy technology. Operation and maintenance of Photovoltaic (PV) systems is becoming very crucial and a high valuable activity to meet future energy efficiency requirements. Therefore, investigation on Photovoltaic (PV) system inspection must be developed to obtain appropriate and efficient methods. Current experimental research strives to find out possibility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) or Systems (UASs) in monitoring application of Photovoltaic modules. For this purpose, a light Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was employed to cooperate in Photovoltaic (PV) modules inspection by thermal imaging and visual cameras onboard in SolarTech laboratory and a real PV plant in Italy.  However, the main scientific innovation of this experimental study is to propose a novel concept and method to contribute UAVs application in Photovoltaic (PV) systems inspection. The  preliminary results show that Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) cooperation in Photovoltaic (PV) systems monitoring was effective to detect degradation and defects on Photovoltaic (PV) modules and it is much more reliable, fast and cost effective in comparison with traditional methods.
PV System Potentials in India and the UK: a Combined Model for Lifetime Energy Prediction and Annual Energy Assessment
Creators: name: Georgitsioti, T.
name: Pearsall, N.
name: Forbes, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2753-2758
description: This paper discusses the development of a model for the assessment of the annual energy yield of PV systems in different time periods of operation and ultimately for the prediction of the  lifetime energy production. As examples, it presents domestic photovoltaic (PV) system potentials in the contrasting climatic and operating conditions of the UK and India. The model combines long term averages of solar data (using the PVGIS CMSAF database) provided by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, a commercial PV system simulation package (PVsyst) to predict the first year’s annual energy output of the system and a probability density function to express the range of the annual energy prediction in different time periods of system operation. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis based on degradation rates and energy output uncertainties is embedded in the lifetime energy prediction calculations. The importance of the reliability and maintenance of the PV systems is demonstrated.
Classical capacities of quantum channels with environment assistance
Creators: name: Karumanchi, Siddharth
name: Mancini, Stefano
name: Winter, Andreas
name: Yang, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A quantum channel physically is a unitary interaction between the information carrying system and an environment, which is initialized in a pure state before the interaction. Conventionally, this state, as also the parameters of the interaction, is assumed to be fixed and known to the sender and receiver. Here, following the model introduced by us earlier [Karumanchi et al., arXiv[quant-ph]:1407.8160], we consider a benevolent third party, i.e. a helper, controlling the environment state, and how the helper's presence changes the communication game. In particular, we define and study the classical capacity of a unitary interaction with helper, indeed two variants, one where the helper can only prepare separable states across many channel uses, and one without this restriction. Furthermore, the two even more powerful scenarios of pre-shared entanglement between helper and receiver, and of classical communication between sender and helper (making them conferencing encoders) are considered.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures. To appear in "Problems of Information Transmission"
Particulate Matter Monitoring for PV Installations
Creators: name: Montes, C.
name: Linares, A.
name: Llarena, E.
name: González, O.
name: Molina, D.
name: Pío, A.
name: Ocaña, L.
name: Quinto, C.
name: Moncho, G.
name: Padrón, M.
name: Fernández, J.
name: Rodríguez, J.
name: Friend, M.
name: Cendagorta, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2669-2673
description: In order to detect the arrival of Saharan air mass invasions, which affect the yield of PV installations, The Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, S.A. (Technological Institute for the Renewable Energies, S.A.) has developed and put in operation an Air Quality Measurement System, based on the implementation of low-cost optical sensors, which has been integrated to the automated SCADA system that ensures the correct performance of its multi-MW PV facilities. The present paper summarizes the technical aspects related to the design and commissioning of such device, along with the troubleshooting that was required due to of the first results obtained.
Long-Term Performance of Swiss Photovoltaic (PV) Installations
Creators: name: Schuepbach, E.
name: Muntwyler, U.
name: Jost, M.
name: Schott, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2689-2691
description: The long-term performance and stability of photovoltaic (PV) installations have been “hot topics” in Switzerland since the late 1970s, when the first pilot- and demonstration installations for telecommunication purposes were built. When the feed-in-tariff system for PV was invented by the city of Burgdorf (Switzerland) in the 1990s, the nearby Photovoltaic Laboratory (PV LAB) at Bern University of Applied  Sciences (BFH) in Burgdorf started monitoring an extended PV-installation network. Today, more than twenty different PV technologies are monitored at more than ten sites, providing valuable information on the stability of PV  technology and long-term energy harvesting. The network includes high-altitude sites like Jungfraujoch (3,454 m asl) in the Swiss Alps. Mean energy yields (1994-2013) at Jungfraujoch display a near-constant annual cycle. In contrast, mean annual cycles of energy yields at PV-installations in the Swiss Basin (ca. 500 m asl) are characterized by a maximum in summer and minimum in winter. Winter energy yields from PV-installations at high elevation in the Swiss Alps are hence a research focus in the analysis of data from the monitoring network. Current efforts in a Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research include mounting new technology at Jungfraujoch to compare measured energy yields with data from equipment older than 20 years.
Recognition of Irradiance Transitions Caused by Moving Clouds Harmful to the Operation of PV Systems
Creators: name: Lappalainen, K.
name: Valkealahti, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2650-2653
description: Edges of shadows of moving clouds cause fast irradiance transitions which can be harmful for the operation of photovoltaic (PV) systems and electrical grids. They can lead to situations where the grid inverter is not able to follow the global maximum power point causing extra losses and fluctuations to the power fed to the electric grid. Partial shading of PV generators also causes mismatch losses.
In this paper, a method has been presented to recognize  irradiance transitions, falls and rises, caused by the shadows of moving clouds from measured irradiance data. The time of occurrence, shading strength, duration etc. of recognized irradiance transitions have been analysed. It has been found that the duration of irradiance transitions varies a lot from couple seconds up to few minutes and that the average duration of irradiance rises is longer than of falls. In addition, shading strengths of transitions varies greatly and can be up to 90 %. The highest transition rates took place around noon and there can be over 900 transitions in one day.
Characterization of a Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic System After 15 Years of Operation in Northern Denmark
Creators: name: Spataru, S.
name: Cernek, P.
name: Sera, D.
name: Kerekes, T.
name: Teodorescu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2680-2688
description: This work investigates the degradation of a polycrystalline PV system, after 15 years of operation in northern Denmark. The performance of the PV system is analysed and compared with datasheet values and to a control PV module from the same batch as the fielded module which was in storage during the 15 years. This analysis is achieved by characterizing the outdoor performance of the PV system, as well as per module basis, by flash testing and electroluminescence imaging, in order to investigate the distribution of the failure modes occurring in PV modules within the PV system. We found that there is no significant Standard Testing Conditions maximum power degradation of the fielded modules compared to the datasheet values or the control module. This could be explained by the temperate climate in northern Denmark, with mild winters and cool summers, when the module operation temperature rarely reaches 60 °C. Furthermore, we measured a decrease of 0.3% to 0.5% in low-light efficiency of the fielded modules compared to the control module, which correlated with a decreased shunt resistance measured for those modules. Electroluminescence images showed no significant cell cracks or breaks, which can be explained by the thicker and smaller cells (11.4 cm x 11.4 cm) manufactured 15 years ago. Some modules which had a decreased low-light efficiency and were closer to the negative potential of the PV string, also showed more severely shunted cells, than those closer to the positive potential, which would indicate the onset of potential-induced degradation. Visual inspection of the modules revealed no significant defects, except some corrosion in the lower aluminium frame of the modules, due to water accumulation.
The lower rank of direct products of hereditarily just infinite groups
Creators: name: Klopsch, Benjamin
name: Vannacci, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 20E18, Secondary 20F06

description: We determine the lower rank of the direct product of finitely many hereditarily just infinite profinite groups of finite lower rank.
description: 6 pages. Several corrections and other improvements. Final authors' version; article to appear in Glasg. Math. J
PV Plant Planning and Operations by Neural Network Analysis and Validation
Creators: name: Aghaei, M.
name: Dolara, A.
name: Grimaccia, F.
name: Leva, S.
name: Mussetta, M.
name: Ogliari, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2620-2624
description: The increasing energy demand all over the world is pushing new research efforts on renewable energy sources (RES), especially in terms of system performance and grid interfacing. Artificial intelligence based forecasting method can support operators with useful tools both in energy production and consumption management. This paper propose an in depth study on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) effectiveness, by evaluating different tool
structures for the next-day energy forecasting of multiple PV plants, with the aim to evaluate its sensitivity as a function of the data sets in input, number of neurons, and training set selection strategy. Different weather conditions will be taken into account to test at the same time the algorithm robustness and the effects of particular events on the forecasting output. The study is based on a previous experimental activities carried out by the research group evaluating technical and economic reasons to develop power forecasting models for large grid-connected PV plants and future employment in real market transactions.
PV Performance Benchmarking in India. Results from the Project “Solar Mapping and Monitoring - SolMap”
Creators: name: Schacht, V.
name: Häberle, A.
name: Warmuth, W.
name: Mitra, I.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Srivastava, A.N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2642-2645
description: Within the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), India has installed a total of 2.75 GWp PV capacity as of July 2014. The German GIZ (Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit) supports the Indian Ministry for New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) with the implementation of a countrywide PV Performance Benchmarking scheme, which presently includes 119 PV Power plants out of 12 Indian states with a total of 518 MWp of installed capacity. This paper describes the approach for a structured monitoring, evaluation and feedback scheme for countrywide PV installations, gives some results of the present performance analysis and also provides an outlook for further objectives to be achieved.
Satellite Based Shortest Term Solar Energy Forecast System for Entire Europe for the Next Hours
Creators: name: Müller, S.C.
name: Remund, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2589-2590
description: In this paper we present the CloudMove forecast system for shortest term solar radiation forecasting for entire Europe for the next six hours. The system is based on satellite images from Meteosat Second Generation and numerical weather prediction model for wind field predictions. The clearness index is determined for each pixel. This cloud pattern is propagated forward and combined with a solar radiation model to calculate gridded global radiation forecasts. Updated every 15 minutes the system is a powerful basis for intraday forecast.
On some unexpected properties of radial and symmetric eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the $p$-Laplacian on a disk
Creators: name: Bobkov, Vladimir
name: Drabek, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P30, 35P15, 47J10, 49R05

description: We discuss several properties of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the $p$-Laplacian on a ball subject to zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. Among main results, in two dimensions, we show the existence of nonradial eigenfunctions which correspond to the radial eigenvalues. Also we prove the existence of eigenfunctions whose shape of the nodal set cannot occur in the linear case $p=2$. Moreover, the limit behavior of some eigenvalues as $p \to 1+$ and $p \to +\infty$ is studied.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures; minor typos fixed, two references added. To appear in Journal of Differential Equations
UniSAFE: University Of Iceland – institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Huck, Averil
name: Linkova, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Portable LED Flasher with Implemented Bypass Diode Tester
Creators: name: Schär, D.
name: Baumgartner, F.P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
PV Modules

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2541-2545
description: A new LED based photovoltaic module flasher is presented to perform nominal power measurements at 1000W/m2 within a flash period of 10ms, together with low light measurements. Additionally performance tests of the typical 3 bypass diodes of a standard 6” crystalline silicon PV module are performed during three flasher periods within totally 2 seconds. Thus the flasher setup (2.2m x 1.5m x 0.1m, weight 50kg, including power electronics) is placed in a distance of a about five centimeters direct onto the PV module, which remains mounted in the same position as it is operated in the outdoor PV plant. The LED flasher is equipped with 2400 single blue LEDs and 1440 IR LEDs. The total flasher area is divided into twenty individually controlled subsections with an area of 0.13m2 each. During one flasher period different values of intensity and color composition are able to be controlled independently. Two LED colors are used at 455nm and 850nm. A standard crystalline module is typically divided in three sub-module areas, protected by one bypass diode for each sub-module. Thus the intensity of these three submodule areas relative to each other is varied. During a single flash up to four different intensity patterns are applied. The complete measurement system was successfully qualified by test sequences performed on standard modules, equipped with different defect bypass diodes. The fast method may also be applied as a new module end test in a production line as well as a new PV field test method performed within a few seconds by the mobile LED flasher.
Potential Induced Degradation: Model Calculations and Correlation between Laboratory Tests and Outdoor Occurrence
Creators: name: Taubitz, C.
name: Schütze, M.
name: Kröber, M.
name: Köntopp, M.B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
PV Modules

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2490-2494
description: Potential induced degradation (PID) is a critical failure mode in today’s photovoltaic (PV)-system architecture with very large to catastrophic impact on PV-module performance and energy yield. Potential-induced shunting (PID-s) is one of the most severe types of PID leading to shunting of p-type silicon solar cells. Previously, the kinetics of PID-s was investigated in detail. It was shown that shunting and regeneration from PID-s are Arrhenius-like. Based on this finding a preliminary model was developed.
In this work the PID-s model is presented in more detail. The model employs meteorological data and measured shunting and regeneration kinetics in order to estimate the actual PID-stress a fielded PV-module is submitted to during its lifetime in a specific location. Using the model, the outdoor occurrence of PID-s depending on location and module-type can be predicted. Outdoor-measurements of PID-s progression in the field are shown and compared to PID-s model-simulations in order to validate and improve the simulation results.
Weak Light Performance Efficiency in Installed PV-Arrays of Different Module Technologies
Creators: name: Hernandez Velasco, M.
name: Fiedler, F.
name: Timm, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
PV Modules

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2515-2522
description: This work analyses the weak light performance efficiency of six different free field and grid-connected PVarrays of various module technologies (mc-Si, CIGS, CdTe). The installed capacities per array range from 1,8kWp to 2,2kWp. The studied systems are located at the same site in Germany and are mounted on a ventilated and shaded-free structure. The irradiance was measured with both a pyranometer and a c-Si reference cell oriented at the plane of the array. Besides the weather conditions, the arrays share a similar system configuration (same inverter model, rack type and orientation, temperature sensors, etc.) making their results highly comparable. The data collected comprised 312 days from September 2011 until July 2012. When analyzing the data points at moments of low irradiance (< 800W/m2), a high dispersion was found which is most likely due to optical effects, different spectral distributions and changing module temperatures. To reduce the optical and spectral effects, a series of data filters were applied to limit the points used (Air Mass ≤4 and Angle of Incidence ≤50°). To compensate for the temperature effects and translate the values to STC (25°C), five different methods were assessed. The Procedure 2 of the IEC 60891 was considered the most suitable due to its relative simplicity, availability of parameters in the datasheets, good accuracy even with missing values, and the potential to improve the results when the complete set of inputs is available. The final analysis of the weak light performance showed no clear superiority of any particular PV-technology. From the results of this study, an overall advantage of thin-film over crystalline modules cannot be anymore concluded.
Boost Breaking in the EFT of Inflation
Creators: name: Delacretaz, Luca V.
name: Noumi, Toshifumi
name: Senatore, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If time-translations are spontaneously broken, so are boosts. This symmetry breaking pattern can be non-linearly realized by either just the Goldstone boson of time translations, or by four Goldstone bosons associated with time translations and boosts. In this paper we extend the Effective Field Theory of Multifield Inflation to consider the case in which the additional Goldstone bosons associated with boosts are light and coupled to the Goldstone boson of time translations. The symmetry breaking pattern forces a coupling to curvature so that the mass of the additional Goldstone bosons is predicted to be equal to $\sqrt{2}H$ in the vast majority of the parameter space where they are light. This pattern therefore offers a natural way of generating self-interacting particles with Hubble mass during inflation. After constructing the general effective Lagrangian, we study how these particles mix and interact with the curvature fluctuations, generating potentially detectable non-Gaussian signals.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures. Extended explanations, version published in JCAP
Variations in Cross-Link Properties of EVA of Un-Aged and Aged PV-Modules
Creators: name: Lux, C.
name: Blieske, U.
name: Malguth, E.
name: Bogdanski, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
PV Modules

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2462-2466
description: The quality of the lamination process is key to solar module long-term stability and performance. A critical benchmark is the level and homogeneity of cross-linking of the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulant. In order to investigate common issues of the lamination process, a comprehensive study covering a variety of different PV-modules from different manufacturers has been conducted. The degree of EVA cross-linking was analysed by common Soxhlet extraction. In addition, indentation tests were employed which are sensitive to the mechanical properties of EVA, directly correlating to the durability of PV modules. The results reveal the effects of bowing and inhomogeneous temperature distribution during lamination as well an inhomogeneous quality of the EVA foil. Furthermore, the indentation test was used to analyse the mechanical properties of solar modules from different manufacturers before and after outdoor exposure in different regions of the world.
New minimal (4; n)-regular matchstick graphs
Creators: name: Winkler, Mike
name: Dinkelacker, Peter
name: Vogel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A matchstick graph is a graph drawn with straight edges in the plane such that the edges have unit length, and non-adjacent edges do not intersect. We call a matchstick graph ($m;n)$-regular if every vertex has only degree $m$ or $n$. In this article the authors present the latest known $(4;n)$-regular matchstick graphs for $4\leq n\leq11$ with a minimum number of vertices.
description: 23 pages, 25 figures, 43 matchstick graphs. [v5] contains a new minimal graph for n=11 with 771 edges
Comprehensive Analysis of a Pulsed Solar Simulator to Determine Measurement Uncertainty Components
Creators: name: Plag, F.
name: Haas, F.
name: Ramspeck, K.
name: Nagel, H.
name: Albert, H.
name: Nevas, S.
name: Sperfeld, P.
name: Witt, F.
name: Winter, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2435-2442
description: For solar cell efficiency measurements the accurate determination of the short circuit current under standard test conditions (ISTC) is vital. This contribution is focused on the applicability of flashers for a traceable calibration of the short circuit current of large area crystalline silicon solar cells. In order to obtain measuring results traceable to SI-unit system, an uncertainty analysis involving a careful characterization of the measurand with respect to all known influence quantities is presented. We point out several advanced methods for solar simulator characterization to determine related uncertainties on ISTC measurements of industrial solar cells. We applied these methods on a commercially available laboratory flasher. The thorough analysis of uncertainties of the utilized array spectroradiometer turns out to be of crucial importance. Flasher characterization beyond the state-of-the-art contains measurements of non-uniformity and temporal stability in spectral irradiance, cosine response of the detector, multiple reflections and the consideration of diffuse irradiation. A Monte Carlo method according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) illustrates limits in accuracy of the investigated measurement instrumentation. Detailed results obtained for the investigated flasher are presented.
Influence of field effects on the performance of InGaAs-based terahertz radiation detectors
Creators: name: Minkevičius, Linas
name: Tamošiūnas, Vincas
name: Kojelis, Martynas
name: Žąsinas, Ernestas
name: Bukauskas, Virginijus
name: Šetkus, Arūnas
name: Butkutė, Renata
name: Kašalynas, Irmantas
name: Valušis, Gintaras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed electrical characterization of high-performance bow-tie InGaAs based terahertz detectors is presented along with simulation results. The local surface potential and tunnelling current were scanned over the surfaces of the detectors by means of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), which also enabled the determination of the Fermi level. Currentvoltage curves were measured and modelled using the Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD package to gain deeper insight into the processes involved in detector operation. In addition, we performed finite difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to reveal features related to changes in the electric field due to the metal detector contacts. The investigation revealed that field effect-induced conductivity modulation is a possible mechanism contributing to the high sensitivity of the studied detectors.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Solar Simulator Measurement Procedures for Determination of the Angular Characteristic of PV Modules
Creators: name: Herrmann, W.
name: Schweiger, M.
name: Rimmelspacher, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
PV Modules

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2403-2406
description: Besides the PV module efficiency at low-irradiance and its thermal and spectral behavior, the
incidence angle dependency is a major determining parameter for the energy delivery. All these parameters are
typically measured in the laboratory and are used to feed into computer software, which can simulate the specific
annual energy yield for a certain location. This calculation commonly serves as the basis for the energy yield
assessment of PV modules. It offers the possibility to compare the energy yield performance of PV modules from
different manufacturers or to analyse technology changes of a product regarding the specific gains or losses. Because
measurement of the angular response of PV modules is not yet internationally harmonized we developed a nondestructive
test method for full-size PV modules using a pulsed solar simulator. Our results shall serve as input for
the further development of the draft standard IEC 61853-2.
Geodesic-light-cone coordinates and the Bianchi I spacetime
Creators: name: Fleury, Pierre
name: Nugier, Fabien
name: Fanizza, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geodesic-light-cone (GLC) coordinates are a useful tool to analyse light propagation and observations in cosmological models. In this article, we propose a detailed, pedagogical, and rigorous introduction to this coordinate system, explore its gauge degrees of freedom, and emphasize its interest when geometric optics is at stake. We then apply the GLC formalism to the homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi I cosmology. More than a simple illustration, this application (i) allows us to show that the Weinberg conjecture according to which gravitational lensing does not affect the proper area of constant-redshift surfaces is significantly violated in a globally anisotropic universe; and (ii) offers a glimpse into new ways to constrain cosmic isotropy from the Hubble diagram.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures, v2 matches published version
Gender difference and determinants of C-reactive protein level in Korean adults
Creators: name: Lee, Yong-Jae
name: Lee, Jung-Hyun
name: Shin, Youn-Ho
name: Kim, Jong-Koo
name: Lee, Hye-Ree
name: Lee, Duk-Chul
Publisher: name: Kooperation de Gruyter
Year: 2009

description: Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) has emerged as an important predictor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). To facilitate clinical and public health interventions, CRP thresholds have been defined as follows: low-risk (<1.0 mg/L), average-risk (1.0–3.0 mg/L), and high-risk (>3.0 mg/L). However, these cut-off thresholds are based on distributions in Western populations, and do not distinguish between men and women. Methods: We examined CRP distribution, gender difference, and determinants of CRP concentrations ranging from 0.02 mg/L to 10.0 mg/L, in 4923 Korean adults (2248 men; 2675 women) who received health checkups at Gangnam Severance Hospital from March 2006 to May 2007. Results: The distribution of CRP was highly skewed toward lower concentrations. CRP was higher in men than women, and the cut-off thresholds for the high-risk tertile of CRP concentrations corresponded to 1.01 mg/L in men and 0.62 mg/L in women, based on the current study population. Age, male gender, cigarette smoking, physical activity, body mass index, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, γ-glutamyltransferase, and uric acid were independently associated with CRP concentrations. Conclusions: CRP distribution and gender difference in Korean adults were found to be different from previous Western studies, although similar risk factors influence CRP concentrations. Our results suggest that ethnicity and gender specific cut-off thresholds for CRP concentrations should be taken into consideration in CVD risk assessment. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:863–9.
Feed-in Power Limitation of Grid-Connected PV Battery Systems with Autonomous Forecast-Based Operation Strategies
Creators: name: Bergner, J.
name: Weniger, J.
name: Tjaden, T.
name: Quaschning, V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2363-2370
description: Considering the challenges of grid integration, battery systems could be used to smooth the infeed of PV systems. This paper presents autonomous forecast-based operation strategies for residential PV battery systems that can be used to improve grid integration of PV systems. Simulation calculations on a timescale of one minute were performed to determine the impact of error-prone forecasts of the PV generation and load demand. Like load forecasts which need to be calculated on-site, also PV forecasts can be autonomously derived from measurements to avoid costs from forecast services. For the purpose of dealing with forecast errors a model predictive controller is implemented which can compensate the essential undesired effects of forecast errors. In this paper basic forecast approaches were assessed to show that even simple prediction models result in an economic feasible and autonomous grid relieving operation of residential PV battery systems.
Strongly interacting photons in one-dimensional continuum
Creators: name: Roy, Dibyendu
name: Wilson, C. M.
name: Firstenberg, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon-photon scattering in vacuum is extremely weak. However, strong effective interactions between single photons can be realized by employing strong light-matter coupling. These interactions are a fundamental building block for quantum optics, bringing many-body physics to the photonic world and providing important resources for quantum photonic devices and for optical metrology. In this Colloquium, we review the physics of strongly-interacting photons in one-dimensional systems with no optical confinement along the propagation direction. We focus on two recently-demonstrated experimental realizations: superconducting qubits coupled to open transmission lines, and interacting Rydberg atoms in a cold gas. Advancements in the theoretical understanding of these systems are presented in complementary formalisms and compared to experimental results. The experimental achievements are summarized alongside a description of the quantum optical effects and quantum devices emerging from them.
description: Updated version, accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physics
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: IMPLICATIONS FOR CCOUNSELLING
Creators: name: Abidogun, Moruf Adebayo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In our society, many women are violently treated by their intimate partners while they suffer in silence. In some cases, domestic violence leads to the death of these women. This should not be allowed to continue because women are crucial to the growth and development of any nation and the world at large. They are homemakers, custodians of social, cultural and fundamental values of the society; and permanent change is often best achieved through them. Full community development is impossible without their understanding, cooperation and effective participation. Considering all these, women deserve better treatment but opposite are usually the case. Wife battery affects the physical and psychological wellbeing of the abused women and even that of their children. It is on this premise that this paper discusses the meaning of domestic violence against women, types of intimate partner violence, effects of these types of violence on abused women and their children. This paper also discusses causes and management of domestic violence against women. In conclusion recommendations were made to eradicate this menace from the society.