cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive predictors of metacognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Creators: name: Shakeel, M.K.
name: Lu, L.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Addington, J.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2019

description: Background:Metacognition refers to the ability to evaluate and control our cognitive processes. While studies have investigated metacognition in schizophrenia and clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR), less is known about the potential mechanisms which result in metacognitive deficits.Aims:We aimed to investigate whether neurocognitive functions including attention, working memory, verbal learning and executive functions predicted the tendency to focus on one's thoughts (cognitive self-consciousness) and beliefs in the efficacy of one's cognitive skills (cognitive confidence).Method:Participants (130 CHR individuals) were recruited as part of the multi-site PREDICT study. They were assessed using the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) as well as measures of executive function (WCST), attention (N-Back), working memory (LNS) and verbal learning (AVLT).Results:Cognitive competence was negatively correlated with N-Back while cognitive self-consciousness was positively correlated with N-Back and LNS. Linear regression analysis with N-Back, AVLT, LNS and WCST as predictors showed that neurocognition significantly predicted cognitive self-consciousness, with N-Back, LNS and WCST as significant predictors. The model accounted for 14% of the variance in cognitive self-consciousness. However, neurocognition did not result in a significant predictive model of cognitive competence.Conclusions:Neurocognition was associated with an increased focus on one's thoughts, but it was not associated with higher confidence in one's cognitive skills. Neurocognition accounted for less than one-sixth of the variance in metacognition, suggesting that interventions that target neurocognition are unlikely to improve metacognitive abilities.
Marginalization, Resistance, and Communication Across Generations: Life Stories of Intergenerational Women Rice Farmers from Northern Samar
Creators: name: Magtanao, Salvie S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Media and communication studies
Gender studies
intergenerational communication
resistance
marginalization

description: Abstract Magtanao, S. (2018). Marginalization, Resistance and Communication Across Generations: Life Stories of intergenerational Women Rice Farmers from Northem Samar. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of the Philippines Open University. Narrative inquiry and life story were used to analyze the aspects of marginalization that intergenerational women rice farmers experienced, how they resist male domination in their public and private domains and how they communicated stories of resistance across their generations. A purposeful sample of three women rice farmers from Northern Samar who are intergenerational, from one family that has been involved in rice farming for sixty years have been part of the study. The women's narratives of lived experiences were recorded and interpreted to gain deeper understanding of how they resisted patriarchy in a male dominated industry and how they communicated their stories of resistance across generations. Some of the findings validated previous studies. However, three concepts—earning, knowing one's worth and realization as forms of resistance—distinguished the present study. These three emergent themes are remarkable for their significance in strengthening positive intergenerational communication.
Topological amplitudes in $D$ decays to two pseudoscalars: a global analysis with linear $SU(3)_F$ breaking
Creators: name: Müller, Sarah
name: Nierste, Ulrich
name: Schacht, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study decays of $D^0$, $D^+$, and $D_s^+$ mesons into two pseudoscalar mesons by expressing the decay amplitudes in terms of topological amplitudes. Including consistently SU(3)$_F$ breaking to linear order, we show how the topological-amplitude decomposition can be mapped onto the standard expansion using reduced amplitudes characterized by SU(3) representations. The tree and annihilation amplitudes can be calculated in factorization up to corrections which are quadratic in the color-counting parameter $1/N_c$. We find new sum rules connecting $D^+\rightarrow K_SK^+$, $D_s^+\rightarrow K_Sπ^+$ and $D^+\rightarrow K^+π^0$, which test the quality of the $1/N_c$ expansion. Subsequently, we determine the topological amplitudes in a global fit to the data, taking the statistical correlations among the various measurements into account. We carry out likelihood ratio tests in order to quantify the role of specific topological contributions. While the SU(3)$_F$ limit is excluded with a significance of more than five standard deviations, a good fit (with $Δχ^2 <1$) can be obtained with less than $28\%$ of SU(3)$_F$ breaking in the decay amplitudes. The magnitude of the penguin amplitude $P_{\mathrm{break}}$, which probes the Glashow Iliopoulos Maiani (GIM) mechanism, is consistent with zero; the hypothesis $P_{\mathrm{break}}=0$ is rejected with a significance of just $0.7σ$. We obtain the Standard-Model correlation between $\mathcal{B}(D^0\rightarrow K_L π^0)$ and $\mathcal{B}(D^0\rightarrow K_Sπ^0)$, which probes doubly Cabibbo-suppressed amplitudes, and find that $\mathcal{B}(D^0\rightarrow K_L π^0)
description: Minor bug in numerical code fixed and corresponding numbers and plots updated. Conclusions unchanged. Typos corrected. Matches published version
Tobacco use and psychosis risk in persons at clinical high risk
Creators: name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Ward, H.B.
name: Jeffries, C.D.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Lawson, M.T.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Seidman, L.J.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Addington, J.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing
Year: 2019

description: Aim: To evaluate the role of tobacco use in the development of psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk. Method: The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study is a 2-year multi-site prospective case control study of persons at clinical high risk that aims to better understand predictors and mechanisms for the development of psychosis. The cohort consisted of 764 clinical high risk and 279 healthy comparison subjects. Clinical assessments included tobacco and substance use and several risk factors associated with smoking in general population studies. Results: Clinical high risk subjects were more likely to smoke cigarettes than unaffected subjects (light smoking odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-5; heavy smoking OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.7-13.7). In both groups, smoking was associated with mood, substance use, stress and perceived discrimination and in clinical high risk subjects with childhood emotional neglect and adaption to school. Clinical high risk subjects reported higher rates of several factors previously associated with smoking, including substance use, anxiety, trauma and perceived discrimination. After controlling for these potential factors, the relationship between clinical high risk state and smoking was no longer significant (light smoking OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.4-2.2; heavy smoking OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.05-2.3). Moreover, baseline smoking status (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.82-1.65) and categorization as ever smoked (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8-2.1) did not predict time to conversion. Conclusion: Persons at high risk for psychosis are more likely to smoke and have more factors associated with smoking than controls. Smoking status in clinical high risk subjects does not predict conversion. These findings do not support a causal relationship between smoking and psychosis.
Mutually Unbiased Measurements, Hadamard Matrices, and Superdense Coding
Creators: name: Farkas, Máté
name: Kaniewski, Jędrzej
name: Nayak, Ashwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) are highly symmetric bases on complex Hilbert spaces, and the corresponding rank-1 projective measurements are ubiquitous in quantum information theory. In this work, we study a recently introduced generalization of MUBs called mutually unbiased measurements (MUMs). These measurements inherit the essential property of complementarity from MUBs, but the Hilbert space dimension is no longer required to match the number of outcomes. This operational complementarity property renders MUMs highly useful for device-independent quantum information processing. It has been shown that MUMs are strictly more general than MUBs. In this work we provide a complete proof of the characterization of MUMs that are direct sums of MUBs. We then proceed to construct new examples of MUMs that are not direct sums of MUBs. A crucial technical tool for these construction is a correspondence with quaternionic Hadamard matrices, which allows us to map known examples of such matrices to MUMs that are not direct sums of MUBs. Furthermore, we show that -- in stark contrast with MUBs -- the number of MUMs for a fixed outcome number is unbounded. Next, we focus on the use of MUMs in quantum communication. We demonstrate how any pair of MUMs with d outcomes defines a d-dimensional superdense coding protocol. Using MUMs that are not direct sums of MUBs, we disprove a recent conjecture due to Nayak and Yuen on the rigidity of superdense coding for infinitely many dimensions. The superdense coding protocols arising in the refutation reveal how shared entanglement may be used in a manner heretofore unknown.
description: v2: Added some references and related discussion. v1: 20 pages. Comments welcome!
Electrical Switching of the Edge Current Chirality in Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulators
Creators: name: Yuan, Wei
name: Zhou, Ling-Jie
name: Yang, Kaijie
name: Zhao, Yi-Fan
name: Zhang, Ruoxi
name: Yan, Zijie
name: Zhuo, Deyi
name: Mei, Ruobing
name: Chan, Moses H. W.
name: Kayyalha, Morteza
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
name: Chang, Cui-Zu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator is a topological state of matter, in which the interior is insulating but electrical current flows along the edges of the sample, in either clockwise (right-handed) or counter-clockwise (left-handed) direction dictated by the spontaneous magnetization orientation. Such chiral edge current (CEC) eliminates any backscattering, giving rise to quantized Hall resistance and zero longitudinal resistance. In this work, we fabricate mesoscopic QAH sandwich (i.e. magnetic topological insulator (TI)/TI/magnetic TI) Hall bar devices and succeed in switching the CEC chirality in QAH insulators through spin-orbit torque (SOT) by applying a current pulse and suitably controlled gate voltage. The well-quantized QAH states with opposite CEC chiralities are demonstrated through four- and three-terminal measurements before and after SOT switching. Our theoretical calculations show that the SOT that enables the magnetization switching can be generated by both bulk and surface carriers in QAH insulators, in good agreement with experimental observations. Current pulse-induced switching of the CEC chirality in QAH insulators will not only advance our knowledge in the interplay between magnetism and topological states but also expedite easy and instantaneous manipulation of the QAH state in proof-of-concept energy-efficient electronic and spintronic devices as well as quantum information applications.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, comments are welcome
Cultural vulnerability, risk reduction and gender equity: two Mexican coastal communities
Creators: name: Mirenda, Cloe
name: Chavero, Elena Lazos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse the cultural dimension of vulnerability from a gender perspective in two rural localities of the South Coast of Jalisco, Mexico. This region is exposed to hydro-meteorological hazards and it is expected that, as a result of climate change, its intensity will increase, causing greater disaster risks. We analyse three culturally determined factors that reproduce vulnerabilities differentiated by gender. First, the sexual division of labour, which although showing signs of change in terms of a greater entry of women into the labour market, remains unchanged in assigning unpaid work to the female gender. Inequities related to the sexual division of labour are reinforced during and after the disaster, increasing the vulnerabilities of women. Second, we analyse the differential distribution of power expressed in decision-making processes in the family. Third, we address the masculinization of political power both in terms of a lower presence of women in political participation at the community and municipal level, and in terms of the historically masculinized modalities in the exercise of power that women are adopting. Finally, we insist on the need to build a culture based on equity to consistently reduce vulnerability to disaster risks.
A Realistic Cyclist Model for SUMO Based on the SimRa Dataset
Creators: name: Karakaya, Ahmet-Serdar
name: Köhler, Konstantin
name: Heinovski, Julian
name: Dressler, Falko
name: Bermbach, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Increasing the modal share of bicycle traffic to reduce carbon emissions, reduce urban car traffic, and to improve the health of citizens, requires a shift away from car-centric city planning. For this, traffic planners often rely on simulation tools such as SUMO which allow them to study the effects of construction changes before implementing them. Similarly, studies of vulnerable road users, here cyclists, also use such models to assess the performance of communication-based road traffic safety systems. The cyclist model in SUMO, however, is very imprecise as SUMO cyclists behave either like slow cars or fast pedestrians, thus, casting doubt on simulation results for bicycle traffic. In this paper, we analyze acceleration, velocity, and intersection left-turn behavior of cyclists in a large dataset of real world cycle tracks. We use the results to derive an improved cyclist model and implement it in SUMO.
description: Accepted for the 20th Mediterranean Communication and Computer Networking Conference (MedComNet 2022)
Amplitude controlled electromagnetic pulse switching using waveguide junctions for high-speed computing processes
Creators: name: MacDonald, Ross Glyn
name: Yakovlev, Alex
name: Pacheco-Peña, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Performing computational tasks with wave-based devices is becoming a groundbreaking paradigm that can open new opportunities for the next generation of efficient analogue and digital computing systems. Decision-making processes for switching and routing of signal is fundamental for computing as it enables the transfer of information from one to many (or single) blocks within a system. Here, we propose and demonstrate a technique for the design of pulse-based switching devices for the computing of fundamental decision-making processes. In our technique, we encode information from multiple channels as transverse electromagnetic (TEM) pulses of varying amplitudes and polarities propagating through interconnected parallel plate waveguides modelled as simple transmission lines. An in-depth description of our technique is presented showing how switching and routing of information can be engineered by correctly exploiting the linear splitting and superposition of multiple pulses traveling through waveguide junctions. To demonstrate the potential of our technique for computing, we develop two devices: a comparator which can calculate the largest value between two real-valued numbers and a pulse director which exploits the reciprocity of waveguide junctions to create a similar yet different performance of a traditional AND gate (emulating its performance via our analogue linear system). These findings may open new pathways and possibilities for high-speed electromagnetic pulse-based computing systems.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Knowledge, attitude and practice towards tuberculosis in Gambia: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Bashorun, Adedapo Olufemi
name: Linda, Christopher
name: Semeeh Omoleke
name: Kendall, Lindsay
name: Donkor, Simon D.
name: Ma-Ansu Kinteh
name: Danso, Baba
name: Lamin Leigh
name: Sheriff Kandeh
name: D’Alessandro, Umberto
name: Ifedayo Morayo O. Adetifa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire for TB KAP Study – contains 29 questions used for the survey about TB knowledge, attitude and care-seeking behaviour as well as their source of information regarding TB.
Participation and Non-Participation in Cyberbullying: A Semiotic Study on a Twitter Encounter among Senior High School Students
Creators: name: Turano, Charity
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Media and communication studies
Telecommunication
Child and adolescent psychiatry
Cyberbullying
Semiotic Tradition of Communication Theory
Senior High School Students
Freedom of expression
Twitter

description: Abstract This study explored the senior high school students' participation or non-participation in cyberbullying through the Semiotic Tradition of Communication Theory which views communication as an intersubjective mediation of signs and specifically using the Semiotic frame by Charles Sanders Pierce, which emphasizes the inter-relations between the sign or the signifier, an object (the signified) and an interpretant or interpretation. Eleven senior high school students who are digital natives participated in the study by engaging themselves in a conversation with the researcher. The participants of the study viewed the cyberspace as platforms for community building where friendships, alliances and sympathy are demonstrated in the course of interactions or communications. Also, the cyberspace is viewed as a platform for freedom of expression that allows them to express grievances about an issue and criticisms towards a person. These significations of the cyberspace intersubjectively mediated the students' participation or non-participation in cyberbullying. For those who did not participate in the cyberbullying incident, viewing the cyberspace as a platform where disrespect, aggression, immaturity, and thoughtlessness could manifest in the exercise of the freedom of expression mediated their action of nonparticipation. Also, interpretations that in the practice of freedom of expressions in the cyberspace, messages delivered could be seen by a vast audience where spread can be expansive hence ensuing a serious impact on the one bullied has interceded an act of non-participation in cyberbullying. However, interpreting the cyberspace as a platform where alliances are formed in their communications, and free expressions are expediently permitted has mediated participation in cyberbullying.
"Could Charm (\& $τ$) Transitions be the `Poor Princesses' of Deeper Understanding of Fundamental Dynamics?" -- or -- "Finding Novel Forces?"
Creators: name: Bigi, Ikaros I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We know that `our' Universe consists of `known' matter only $\sim$ 4.5\%: our understanding is incomplete seeing directly in neutrino oscillations (never mind about `other' Universes). Charm quarks had great impact on our understanding of known matter. QCD is the only local quantum field theory to describe strong forces. We can learn novel lessons about strong dynamics by measuring rates around the thresholds of $[\bar Q Q]$ states with $Q = b, c$. Furthermore they give us gateways for New Dynamics (ND), where we have to go from `accuracy' to `precision' eras. Finally we can connect with $τ$ transitions and -- maybe -- with dark matter. Charm dynamics acts as a bridge between the worlds of light flavor hadrons with the heavy one, namely beauty hadrons. Finding {\em regional asymmetries} in many-body final states could be a `game changer'. There are several different `roads' to get closer to our goals: experiments act as gatekeepers like Super-tau-charm-factories, Super-beauty-factories and/or Super-$Z^0$-factories -- and deeper thinking about symmetries.
description: 46 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; Dedicated to Timothy O'Meara, a mathematician \& the first lay Provost of the University of Notre Dame du Lac: without him \& his vision the University of Notre Dame du Lac would not be even close what it is now; e.g., he opened Notre Dame's academic and cultural door to China.}
The role of a family history of psychosis for youth at clinical high risk of psychosis
Creators: name: Addington, J.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Seidman, L.J.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Georgopoulos, G.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Stowkowy, J.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Liu, L.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing
Year: 2019

description: Aim: On average, there is a 10% to 12% likelihood of developing a psychotic disorder solely based on being at familial high risk. However, the introduction of the criteria for clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis suggested for CHR individuals, 20% to 30% will go on to develop a full-blown psychotic illness within 3 years. Several studies suggest a role for family history in conversion to psychosis among those at CHR. However, we know very little about those who meet the CHR criteria and have a positive family history for psychosis compared to those at CHR with no known family history. The aim of this study was to compare these 2 groups on demographics, clinical symptoms, social and role functioning, IQ, environmental factors and conversion to psychosis. Method: A total of 762 participants met criteria for being at CHR, 119 of whom had a family history (CHR + FH) and 643 without (CHR-FH). Groups were compared on attenuated symptoms, role and social functioning, IQ, past trauma, perceived discrimination and cannabis use. Survival analysis was used to compare groups on conversion rates. Results: There were no major differences between the groups in symptoms, functioning, IQ, cannabis use or in the rate of conversion between the groups. The CHR + FH group reported increased amounts of early trauma. Conclusion: There is a possibility that CHR + FH individuals believe that it is more difficult for them to cope with circumstances such as abuse or potential abuse. Future research on this subject should investigate family environment and its role in conversion to psychosis among CHR + FH individuals.
Power and limitations of single-qubit native quantum neural networks
Creators: name: Yu, Zhan
name: Yao, Hongshun
name: Li, Mujin
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum neural networks (QNNs) have emerged as a leading strategy to establish applications in machine learning, chemistry, and optimization. While the applications of QNN have been widely investigated, its theoretical foundation remains less understood. In this paper, we formulate a theoretical framework for the expressive ability of data re-uploading quantum neural networks that consist of interleaved encoding circuit blocks and trainable circuit blocks. First, we prove that single-qubit quantum neural networks can approximate any univariate function by mapping the model to a partial Fourier series. We in particular establish the exact correlations between the parameters of the trainable gates and the Fourier coefficients, resolving an open problem on the universal approximation property of QNN. Second, we discuss the limitations of single-qubit native QNNs on approximating multivariate functions by analyzing the frequency spectrum and the flexibility of Fourier coefficients. We further demonstrate the expressivity and limitations of single-qubit native QNNs via numerical experiments. We believe these results would improve our understanding of QNNs and provide a helpful guideline for designing powerful QNNs for machine learning tasks.
description: 22 pages including appendix. To appear at NeurIPS 2022
Additional file 1 of Potential research ethics violations against an indigenous tribe in Ecuador: a mixed methods approach
Creators: name: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban
name: Simbaña-Rivera, Katherine
name: Lenin Gómez-Barreno
name: Tamariz, Leonardo
name: Lister, Alex
name: Baca, Juan Carlos
name: Norris, Alegria
name: Adana-Diaz, Lila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. 15-item questionnaire.
Noise analysis in outdoor dynamic speckle measurement
Creators: name: Levchenko, Mikhail
name: Stoykova, Elena
name: Ivanov, Branimir
name: Nedelchev, Lian
name: Nazarova, Dimana
name: Choi, Kihong
name: Park, Joongki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic speckle method is an effective tool for estimation of speed of processes. Speed distribution is encoded in a map built by statistical pointwise processing of time-correlated speckle patterns. For industrial inspection,the outdoor noisy measurement is required. The paper analyzes efficiency of the dynamic speckle method in the presence of environmental noise as phase fluctuations due to lack of vibration isolation and shot noise due to ambient light. Usage of normalized estimates for the case of non-uniform laser illumination is studied. Feasibility of the outdoor measurement has been proven by numerical simulationsof noisy image capture and real experiments with test objects. Good agreement has been demonstrated both in simulation and experiment between the ground truth map and the maps extracted from noisy data.
Changes in symptom content from a clinical high-risk state to conversion to psychosis
Creators: name: Seidman, L.J.
name: Marshall, C.
name: Deighton, S.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Lyngberg, K.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Lu, Y.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Mathalon, D.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Addington, J.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing
Year: 2019

description: Aim: There is an interest in the transition to psychosis for those at clinical high risk of developing psychosis. This transition is typically determined by a change in severity of the attenuated symptoms as they reach a psychotic level. However, any concomitant change in the content of such symptoms has not been examined. The current study aimed to examine potential qualitative changes in the symptom content from a clinical high-risk state to a first episode of psychosis. Methods: Sixty-seven individuals, who had been identified as meeting the attenuated psychotic syndrome based on the Structured Interview of Psychosis-Risk Syndromes and who later developed a full-blown psychosis were included in the study. Comprehensive clinical vignettes were written and raters were trained using the Content of Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms codebook to code for the presence of specific symptom content found within the attenuated psychotic symptoms of unusual thought content, suspicious ideas, grandiose ideas and perceptual abnormalities. Results: Two main changes in symptom content from baseline to conversion were observed. First, content that was vague and lacked intensity progressed to being more specific, concrete and severe. Second, new symptoms appeared whose onset occurred for the first time at conversion. Conclusion: A change in symptom content should be monitored by clinicians, as changes in content may be indications of a possible transition to psychosis.
Microwave detection of gliding Majorana zero modes in nanowires
Creators: name: Dmytruk, Olesia
name: Trif, Mircea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a topological superconducting nanowire that hosts gliding Majorana zero modes in the presence of a microwave cavity field. We show that the cavity decay rate depends on both the parity encoded by the Majorana zero modes and their motion, in the absence of any direct overlap of their wavefunctions. That is because the extended bulk states that overlap with both Majorana states, facilitate their momentum-resolved microwave spectroscopy, with the gliding acting as to modify the interference pattern via a momentum boost. Moreover, we demonstrate that these non-local effects are robust against moderate disorder in the chemical potential, and confirm the numerical calculations with an analytical low-energy model. Our approach offers an alternative to tunneling spectroscopy to probe non-local features associated with the Majorana zero modes in nanowires.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; published version
The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of EZH2 in breast cancer
Creators: name: Adibfar, Sara
name: Elveny, Marischa
name: Kashikova, Hadisha Sh.
name: Mikhailova, Maria Vladimirovna
name: Farhangnia, Pooya
name: Vakili-Samiani, Sajjad
name: Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: 111201 Cancer Cell Biology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111299 Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified

description: Due to its high occurrence and mortality rate, breast cancer has been studied from various aspects as one of the cancer field's hot topics in the last decade. Epigenetic alterations are spoused to be highly effective in breast cancer development. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an enzymatic epi-protein that takes part in most vital cell functions by its different action modes. EZH2 is suggested to be dysregulated in specific breast cancer types, particularly in advanced stages. Mounting evidence revealed that EZH2 overexpression or dysfunction affects the pathophysiology of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss biological aspects of the EZH2 molecule with a focus on its newly identified action mechanisms. We also highlight how EZH2 plays an essential role in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and invasion, which emerged as a worthy target for treating breast cancer in different approaches.
Physiotherapy management of people with lower limb amputation
Creators: name: Bernal Salcedo, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis explores the self-reported clinical practice of physiotherapists in their provision of care to people with lower limb amputation. Understanding the clinical practice of physiotherapists in lower limb amputation management is important because it provides the basis for comparisons with established clinical practice guidelines. Such comparisons can confirm areas of amputation management that physiotherapists provide, identify areas of care that physiotherapists can potentially contribute, and contextualise the role of physiotherapists across different phases of care. Currently, no study has investigated and compared the clinical practice of physiotherapists in lower limb amputation management to established clinical practice guidelines. To address this, a survey was conducted to obtain details about the professional profile and clinical practice of Australian physiotherapists involved in lower limb amputation management. The collected findings were then compared to a local clinical practice guideline; Care of the Person Following Amputation: Minimum Standards of Care. The study had three main findings. Firstly, Australian physiotherapists reported to be adequately skilled in caring for people with amputation but state that they received very limited theoretical and clinical experience during their higher education, and report limited professional development. Secondly, Australian physiotherapists coordinated their management with other health professionals and demonstrated comprehensive care beyond their scope of practice, however during a transition of care, physiotherapists were not aware if a comprehensive care plan was developed before their care started. Lastly, Australian physiotherapists demonstrate adherence to relevant clinical practice guidelines based upon consistency between reported clinical practice and recommended practice of relevant minimum standards of care. These findings highlight the multidimensional role of physiotherapists in lower limb amputation management across different phases of care. Future research is needed to obtain greater detail about the clinical practice of physiotherapists in managing people with lower limb amputation, using broader forms of data collection, such as semi-structured interviews or auditing clinical practice. Furthermore, future research investigating the barriers and facilitators of clinical practice guideline implementation may offer insights into how clinical practice is shaped. Lastly, future research into the development of a physiotherapy-specific clinical practice guideline in amputation management may have important clinical practice implications for the physiotherapy profession, contributing to the landscape of clinical resources available for physiotherapists in lower limb amputation management.
SupplementalMaterial_JDS.pdf
Creators: name: Egger, Lotti (Charlotte)
name: Widmer, Jérôme
name: Descloux, Laurence
name: Brügger, Cédric
name: Jäger, Mariellle-Louise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 70203 Animal Management
subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science
subject: 70706 Veterinary Medicine
subject: FOS: Veterinary sciences
subject: 70106 Farm Management, Rural Management and Agribusiness
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: 60101 Analytical Biochemistry
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60802 Animal Cell and Molecular Biology

description: Supplemental Material for Article J. Dairy Sci, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22038
Cortical abnormalities in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis: Findings from the NAPLS2 cohort
Creators: name: van Erp, T.G.M.
name: McEwen, S.
name: Addington, J.
name: McGlashan, T.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Perkins, D.
name: Walker, E.
name: Cadenhead, K.
name: Cornblatt, B.
name: Tsuang, M.
name: North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) Consortium
name: Allswede, D.
name: Seidman, L.J.
name: Chung, Y.
name: Bearden, C.E.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2019

description: In a recent machine learning study classifying “brain age” based on cross-sectional neuroanatomical data, clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals were observed to show deviation from the normal neuromaturational pattern, which in turn was predictive of greater risk of conversion to psychosis and a pattern of stably poor functional outcome. These effects were unique to cases who were between 12 and 17 years of age when their prodromal and psychotic symptoms began, suggesting that neuroanatomical deviance observable at the point of ascertainment of a CHR syndrome marks risk for an early onset form of psychosis. In the present study, we sought to clarify the pattern of neuroanatomical deviance linked to this “early onset” form of psychosis and whether this deviance is associated with poorer premorbid functioning. T1 MRI scans from 378 CHR individuals and 190 healthy controls (HC) from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) were analyzed. Widespread smaller cortical volume was observed among CHR individuals compared with HC at baseline evaluation, particularly among the younger group (i.e., those who were 12 to 17 years of age). Moreover, the younger CHR individuals who converted or presented worsened clinical symptoms at follow-up (within 2 years) exhibited smaller surface area in rostral anterior cingulate, lateral and medial prefrontal regions, and parahippocampal gyrus relative to the younger CHR individuals who remitted or presented a stable pattern of prodromal symptoms at follow-up. In turn, poorer premorbid functioning in childhood was associated with smaller surface area in medial orbitofrontal, lateral frontal, rostral anterior cingulate, precuneus, and temporal regions. Together with our prior report, these results are consistent with the view that neuroanatomical deviance manifesting in early adolescence marks vulnerability to a form of psychosis presenting with poor premorbid adjustment, an earlier age of onset (generally prior to the age of 18 years), and poor long-term outcome.
Interaction of surface cations of cleaved mica with water in vapor and liquid forms
Creators: name: Franceschi, Giada
name: Brandstetter, Sebastian
name: Balajka, Jan
name: Sokolović, Igor
name: Paveleć, Jiri
name: Setvín, Martin
name: Schmid, Michael
name: Diebold, Ulrike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Natural minerals contain ions that become hydrated when they come into contact with water in vapor and liquid forms. Muscovite mica -- a common phyllosilicate with perfect cleavage planes -- is an ideal system to investigate the details of ion hydration. The cleaved mica surface is decorated by an array of K$^+$ ions that can be easily exchanged with other ions or protons when immersed in an aqueous solution. Despite the vast interest in the atomic-scale hydration processes of these K$^+$ ions, experimental data under controlled conditions have remained elusive. Here, atomically resolved non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) is combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the cation hydration upon dosing water vapor at 100 K in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The cleaved surface is further exposed to ultra-clean liquid water at room temperature, which promotes ion mobility and partial ion-to-proton substitution. The results offer the first direct experimental views of the interaction of water with muscovite mica in UHV. The findings are in line with previous theoretical predictions.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Topological Bordism of Singular Spaces and an Application to Stratified L-Classes
Creators: name: Rabel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N20, 55N22, 55N33, 57N75, 57N80, 57R20

description: A generalized-homology bordism-theory is constructed, such that for certain manifold homotopy stratified sets (MHSS; Quinn-spaces) homeomorphism-invariant geometric fundamental-classes exist. The construction combines three ideas: Firstly, instead of restricting geometric cycles by conditions on links only, a more flexible framework is built directly via geometric properties, secondly, controlled topology methods are used to give an accessible link-based criterion to detect suitable cycles and thirdly, a geometric argument is used to show, that these classes of cycles are suitable to study the transition to intrinsic stratifications. As an application, we give a construction of topologically (homeomorphism) invariant (homological) L-classes on MHSS Witt-spaces satisfying conditions on Whitehead-groups of links and the dimensional spacing of meeting strata. These L-classes agree, whenever those spaces are additionally pl-pseudomanifolds, with the Goresky-MacPherson L-classes.
Radar Imaging and Characterization of Binary Near-Earth Asteroid (185851) 2000 DP107
Creators: name: Naidu, Shantanu P.
name: Margot, Jean-Luc
name: Taylor, Patrick A.
name: Nolan, Michael C.
name: Busch, Michael W.
name: Benner, Lance A. M.
name: Brozovic, Marina
name: Giorgini, Jon D.
name: Jao, Joseph S.
name: Magri, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Potentially hazardous asteroid (185851) 2000 DP107 was the first binary near-Earth asteroid to be imaged. Radar observations in 2000 provided images at 75 m resolution that revealed the shape, orbit, and spin-up formation mechanism of the binary. The asteroid made a more favorable flyby of the Earth in 2008, yielding images at 30 m resolution. We used these data to obtain shape models for the two components and to improve the estimates of the mutual orbit, component masses, and spin periods. The primary has a sidereal spin period of 2.7745 +/- 0.0007 h and is roughly spheroidal with an equivalent diameter of 863 m +/- 5 %. It has a mass of 4.656 +/- 0.43 x 10^11 kg and a density of 1381 +/- 244 kg m^{-3}. It exhibits an equatorial ridge similar to the (66391) 1999 KW4 primary, however the equatorial ridge in this case is not as regular and has a ~300 m diameter concavity on one side. The secondary has a sidereal spin period of 1.77 +/- 0.02 days commensurate with the orbital period. The secondary is slightly elongated and has overall dimensions of 377 x 314 x 268 m (6 % uncertainties). Its mass is 0.178 +/- 0.021 x 10^{11} kg and its density is 1047 +/- 230 kg m^{-3}. The mutual orbit has a semi-major axis of 2.659 +/- 0.08 km, an eccentricity of 0.019 +/- 0.01, and a period of 1.7556 +/- 0.0015 days. The normalized total angular momentum of this system exceeds the amount required for the expected spin-up formation mechanism. An increase of angular momentum from non-gravitational forces after binary formation is a possible explanation. The two components have similar radar reflectivity, suggesting a similar composition consistent with formation by spin-up. The secondary appears to exhibit a larger circular polarization ratio than the primary, suggesting a rougher surface or subsurface at radar wavelength scales.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, Accepted to The Astronomical Journal
Knowledge Sharing as Communication: Exploring Academics' Communicative Disposition, Cognitive Dissonance, and Knowledge Sharing Attitude
Creators: name: Bacuño, Melanie D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Media and Communication Studies
Cognitive Science

description: Abstract Knowledge sharing, which takes place in organizations within the education sector particularly in higher education because of its knowledge-intensive nature, can be viewed as a form of communication. Knowledge sharing of those who hold knowledge, particularly of research knowledge, can promote research productivity and outputs, which is a core function among the academics in higher education. In conceptualizing knowledge sharing as a communication phenomenon, it was found out that academics’ communicative disposition and perceived importance of knowledge sharing are correlated. As their communication self-efficacy, perceived value of message, and anticipated reciprocal relationship increase, their perceived value of knowledge sharing increases. A subgroup of the academics was found to have contrasting cognitions about knowledge sharing, or an experience of cognitive dissonance, and it was further revealed that their age, profile and perceived importance of knowledge sharing are strongly correlated. A correlation between the perceived importance of knowledge sharing and the academic’s attitude towards knowledge sharing was also found. Through the lens of Cognitive Dissonance Theory, the experience of an unpleasant state has driven them to reduce it as evident in their attitude towards knowledge sharing, and their communicative disposition possibly helped restore balance and harmony. A model was developed to present their relationship among the variables. Decision-makers and research academics themselves can draw out insights that can frame discussions on communication and research plans, policies, practices within the academia. Future communication studies could benefit by integrating the refinements in understanding context-specific knowledge sharing into their theoretical frameworks.
Concentration of Data Encoding in Parameterized Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Li, Guangxi
name: Ye, Ruilin
name: Zhao, Xuanqiang
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms have been acknowledged as a leading strategy to realize near-term quantum advantages in meaningful tasks, including machine learning and combinatorial optimization. When applied to tasks involving classical data, such algorithms generally begin with quantum circuits for data encoding and then train quantum neural networks (QNNs) to minimize target functions. Although QNNs have been widely studied to improve these algorithms' performance on practical tasks, there is a gap in systematically understanding the influence of data encoding on the eventual performance. In this paper, we make progress in filling this gap by considering the common data encoding strategies based on parameterized quantum circuits. We prove that, under reasonable assumptions, the distance between the average encoded state and the maximally mixed state could be explicitly upper-bounded with respect to the width and depth of the encoding circuit. This result in particular implies that the average encoded state will concentrate on the maximally mixed state at an exponential speed on depth. Such concentration seriously limits the capabilities of quantum classifiers, and strictly restricts the distinguishability of encoded states from a quantum information perspective. We further support our findings by numerically verifying these results on both synthetic and public data sets. Our results highlight the significance of quantum data encoding in machine learning tasks and may shed light on future encoding strategies.
description: 26 pages including appendix