cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wafer-scale low-loss lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits
Creators: name: Luke, Kevin
name: Kharel, Prashanta
name: Reimer, Christian
name: He, Lingyan
name: Loncar, Marko
name: Zhang, Mian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) could enable ultrahigh performance in electro-optic and nonlinear optical devices. To date, realizations have been limited to chip-scale proof-of-concepts. Here we demonstrate monolithic LN PICs fabricated on 4- and 6-inch wafers with deep ultraviolet lithography and show smooth and uniform etching, achieving 0.27 dB/cm optical propagation loss on wafer-scale. Our results show that LN PICs are fundamentally scalable and can be highly cost-effective.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Human Capital and its Effect on Entrepreneurship: A Key Component or Much Ado About Nothing?
Creators: name: Marshall, Maria I.
name: Peake, Whitney O.
name: Marshall, Maria I.
name: Peake, Whitney O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Understanding the impact of human capital on small business development is crucial to both entrepreneurs and the entities that serve them. The objective of this study, therefore, is to determine the impact of human capital on entrepreneurs who are approaching firm birth, in order to provide entrepreneurs, small business development centers, and universities with the best resources possible. One hundred twenty-eight entrepreneurs in the gestation period have been contacted through workshops held by Purdue University and the Indiana Small Business Development Center. Sixty-five of those entrepreneurs agreed to participate in a two year study with follow-up information gathered at two month intervals, giving a current response rate of approximately 51%. Data has been and continues to be collected through a survey distributed at various small business development workshops. The preliminary survey instrument used in the analysis requests data regarding: personal demographics, community demographics, human capital, financial capital, and social capital. A logistic regression model was formulated using the preliminary results to determine the relative impact of human capital on an entrepreneur's participation in a small business start-up. Results show that human capital factors, such as college education and having attempted a business plan, are statistically significant. This indicates that funds allocated by small business development entities to the development of human capital are important in determining participation in a small business start-up. In addition to the information provided by the logit model, probabilities have been calculated to simulate those characteristics that affect an entrepreneur in participating in business a start-up. With the results from the two month follow-ups, additional information will be gained regarding the effect of human capital on the actual success or failure of the small business. Through panel data gathered as this study progresses, both entrepreneurs and small business development entities should be able to better understand the impact of human capital on participation in a start-up and the outcome of that start-up.
The multi-phase gaseous halos of star forming late-type galaxies - I. XMM-Newton observations of the Hot Ionized Medium
Creators: name: Tuellmann, R.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Rossa, J.
name: Breitschwerdt, D.
name: Dettmar, R. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study presents first results from an X-ray mini-survey carried out with XMM-Newton to investigate the diffuse Hot Ionized Medium in the halos of nine nearby star-forming edge-on spiral galaxies. Diffuse gaseous X-ray halos are detected in eight of our targets, covering a wide range of star formation rates from quiescent to starburst cases. For four edge-on spiral galaxies, namely NGC3044, NGC3221, NGC4634, and NGC5775, we present the first published high resolution/sensitivity detections of extended soft X-ray halos. EPIC X-ray contour maps overlaid onto Halpha imaging data reveals that in all cases the presence of X-ray halos is correlated with extraplanar Diffuse Ionized Gas. Moreover, these halos are also associated with non-thermal cosmic ray halos, as evidenced by radio continuum observations. Supplemental UV-data obtained with the OM-telescope at 210nm show Diffuse Ionized Gas to be well associated with UV emission originating in the underlying disk. Beside NGC891, NGC4634 is the second non-starburst galaxy with a diffuse soft X-ray halo (|z|<4kpc). In case of NGC3877, for which we also present the first high resolution X-ray imaging data, no halo emission is detectable. EPIC pn spectra (0.3-12keV) of the diffuse X-ray emission are extracted at different offset positions from the disk, giving evidence to a significant decrease of gas temperatures, electron densities, and gas masses with increasing distance to the plane. A comparison between dynamical and radiative cooling time scales implies that the outflow in all targets is likely to be sustained. We find very strong indications that spatially correlated multi-phase gaseous halos are created by star forming activity in the disk plane.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A&A, see http://www.astro.rub.de/tullmann/aa6a.ps.gz for the paper with high resolution figures (gzipped ps)
Diagnosis and Analysis of Celiac Disease and Environmental Enteropathy on Biopsy Images using Deep Learning Approaches
Creators: name: Kowsari, Kamran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Celiac Disease (CD) and Environmental Enteropathy (EE) are common causes of malnutrition and adversely impact normal childhood development. Both conditions require a tissue biopsy for diagnosis and a major challenge of interpreting clinical biopsy images to differentiate between these gastrointestinal diseases is striking histopathologic overlap between them. In the current study, we propose four diagnosis techniques for these diseases and address their limitations and advantages. First, the diagnosis between CD, EE, and Normal biopsies is considered, but the main challenge with this diagnosis technique is the staining problem. The dataset used in this research is collected from different centers with different staining standards. To solve this problem, we use color balancing in order to train our model with a varying range of colors. Random Multimodel Deep Learning (RMDL) architecture has been used as another approach to mitigate the effects of the staining problem. RMDL combines different architectures and structures of deep learning and the final output of the model is based on the majority vote. CD is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the small intestine genetically predisposed children and adults. Typically, CD rapidly progress from Marsh I to IIIa. Marsh III is sub-divided into IIIa (partial villus atrophy), Marsh IIIb (subtotal villous atrophy), and Marsh IIIc (total villus atrophy) to explain the spectrum of villus atrophy along with crypt hypertrophy and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. In the second part of this study, we proposed two ways for diagnosing different stages of CD. Finally, in the third part of this study, these two steps are combined as Hierarchical Medical Image Classification (HMIC) to have a model to diagnose the disease data hierarchically.
description: PhD dissertation, Univ Virginia (May 2020)
Foundations of a spacetime path formalism for relativistic quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Seidewitz, Ed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum field theory is the traditional solution to the problems inherent in melding quantum mechanics with special relativity. However, it has also long been known that an alternative first-quantized formulation can be given for relativistic quantum mechanics, based on the parametrized paths of particles in spacetime. Because time is treated similarly to the three space coordinates, rather than as an evolution parameter, such a spacetime approach has proved particularly useful in the study of quantum gravity and cosmology. This paper shows how a spacetime path formalism can be considered to arise naturally from the fundamental principles of the Born probability rule, superposition, and Poincaré invariance. The resulting formalism can be seen as a foundation for a number of previous parametrized approaches in the literature, relating, in particular, "off-shell" theories to traditional on-shell quantum field theory. It reproduces the results of perturbative quantum field theory for free and interacting particles, but provides intriguing possibilities for a natural program for regularization and renormalization. Further, an important consequence of the formalism is that a clear probabilistic interpretation can be maintained throughout, with a natural reduction to non-relativistic quantum mechanics.
description: RevTex 4, 42 pages; V6 is as accepted for publication in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, updated in response to referee comments; V7 includes final editorial corrections
Study of temperature dependent atomic correlations in MgB$_{2}$
Creators: name: Campi, G.
name: Cappelluti, E.
name: Proffen, Th.
name: Qiu, X.
name: Bozin, E. S.
name: Billinge, S. J. L.
name: Agrestini, S.
name: Saini, N. L.
name: Bianconi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the evolution with temperature of the local as well as the average crystal structure of MgB$_2$ using the real-space atomic pair distribution function (PDF) measured by high resolution neutron powder diffraction. We have investigated the correlations of the B-B and B-Mg nearest neighbor pair motion by comparing, in the wide temperature range from T=10 K up to T=600 K, the mean-square displacements (MSD) of single atoms with the mean-square relative displacements (MSRD) obtained from the PDF peak linewidths. The results show that the single atom B and Mg vibrations are mostly decoupled from each other, with a small predominance of positive (in phase) correlation factor for both the B-B and B-Mg pairs. The small positive correlation is almost temperature independent, in contrast with our theoretical calculations; this can be a direct consequence of the strong decay processes of the $E_{2g}$ anharmonic phonons.
Additional file 1 of How do pig veterinarians view technology-assisted data utilisation for pig health and welfare management? A qualitative study in Spain, the Netherlands, and Ireland
Creators: name: Zhou, Xiao
name: Garcia-Morante, Beatriz
name: Burrell, Alison
name: Correia-Gomes, Carla
name: Dieste-Pérez, Lucia
name: Eenink, Karlijn
name: Segalés, Joaquim
name: Sibila, Marina
name: Siegrist, Michael
name: Tobias, Tijs
name: Vilalta, Carles
name: Bearth, Angela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material.
Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Dan Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH) Terhadap Belanja Daerah Pada Kabupaten/Kota Di Sumatera Barat
Creators: name: Marlina Marlina
name: Rezka Insyani
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150107 Taxation Accounting
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regional own-source revenues and revenue-sharing funds on regional spending in the Districts / Cities in West Sumatra 2014-2017. The object of this research is the Regency / City Government in West Sumatra. The data used are secondary data taken from the report on the realization of regional income and budget at the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Sumatra. The type of data used is panel data. The population and sample amounted to 19 districts / cities of West Sumatra using total sampling techniques. The results showed that regional own-source revenue and revenue-sharing funds had a significant influence on regional spending in the regencies / cities in West Sumatera
Slow manifold reduction for plasma science
Creators: name: Burby, J. W.
name: Klotz, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical Chapman-Enskog procedure admits a substantial geometrical generalization known as slow manifold reduction. This generalization provides a paradigm for deriving and understanding most reduced models in plasma physics that are based on controlled approximations applied to problems with multiple timescales. In this Review we develop the theory of slow manifold reduction with a plasma physics audience in mind. In particular we illustrate (a) how the slow manifold concept may be used to understand \emph{breakdown} of a reduced model over sufficiently-long time intervals, and (b) how a discrete-time analogue of slow manifold theory provides a useful framework for developing implicit integrators for temporally-stiff plasma models. For readers with more advanced mathematical training we also use slow manifold reduction to explain the phenomenon of inheritance of Hamiltonian structure in dissipation-free reduced plasma models. Various facets of the theory are illustrated in the context of the Abraham-Lorentz model of a single charged particle experiencing its own radiation drag. As a culminating example we derive the slow manifold underlying kinetic quasineutral plasma dynamics up to first-order in perturbation theory. This first-order result incorporates several physical effects associated with small deviations from exact charge neutrality that lead to slow drift away from predictions based on the leading-order approximation $n_e = Z_i \,n_i$.
description: Invited review article for CNSNS; 135 pages, single column
THE CAUSAL STRUCTURE OF LAND PRICE DETERMINANTS
Creators: name: Duke, Joshua M.
name: Awokuse, Titus O.
name: Duke, Joshua M.
name: Awokuse, Titus O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper investigates causation contemporaneously and over time to elucidate the persistent lack of agreement about what "causes" changes in farmland prices. Using recently developed causal modeling framework of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and cointegrated (VAR) techniques, the assumed causal structures of existing structural and empirical models are tested directly. The results validate concerns about the nonstationarity of these series. Land price changes are found to respond to a small subset of the oft-cited causes of price change, including macroeconomic variables.
Additional file 1 of An educational intervention study on mandatory reporting of intimate partner violence: changes in knowledge and attitudes among healthcare providers
Creators: name: Brevik, Thea Beate
name: Laake, Petter
name: Bjørkly, Stål
name: Leer-Salvesen, Kjartan
name: Vatnar, Solveig Karin Bø
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Complex paths and perturbations for slow-roll cosmologies
Creators: name: Losic, Bojan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We extend the model orignally proposed by Unruh and Jheeta in [6] in two ways. First we derive the complex action to third order in the slope of the slow-roll potential and find that it depends on precisely which endpoint is chosen in complex T space, and that it also has phase contributions to the semi-classical wave function. Secondly, we derive the reduced Hamiltonian action to second order in classical, non-homogenous scalar metric and matter fluctuations about an arbitrary FRW background. We analyze the I = 1 mode for the closed FRW universe and prove it is a gauge mode. We find a contour in T space for which this reduced action has a simple character. We use this character to make an argument concerning the appropriateness of using Linde's or Hawking's sign in determining the amplitude contribution to the wave-function from these classical fluctuations.
A Lagrangian Perturbation Theory in the presence of massive neutrinos
Creators: name: Aviles, Alejandro
name: Banerjee, Arka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a Lagrangian Perturbation Theory (LPT) framework to study the clustering of cold dark matter (CDM) in cosmologies with massive neutrinos. We follow the trajectories of CDM particles with Lagrangian displacements fields up to third order in perturbation theory. Once the neutrinos become non-relativistic, their density fluctuations are modeled as being proportional to the CDM density fluctuations, with a scale-dependent proportionality factor. This yields a gravitational back-reaction that introduces additional scales to the linear growth function, which is accounted for in the higher order LPT kernels. Through non-linear mappings from Eulerian to Lagrangian frames, we ensure that our theory has a well behaved large scale behavior free of unwanted UV divergences, which are common when neutrino and CDM densities are not treated on an equal footing, and in resummation schemes that manifestly break Galilean invariance. We use our theory to construct correlation functions for both the underlying matter field, as well as for biased tracers using Convolution-LPT. Redshift-space distortions effects are modeled using the Gaussian Streaming Model. When comparing our analytical results to simulated data from the Quijote simulation suite, we find good accuracy down to $r=20 \,\text{Mpc} \, h^{-1}$ at redshift $z=0.5$, for the real space and redshift space monopole particle correlation functions with no free parameters. The same accuracy is reached for the redshift space quadrupole if we additionally consider an effective field theory parameter that shifts the pairwise velocity dispersion. For modeling the correlation functions of tracers we adopt a simple Lagrangian biasing scheme with only density and curvature operators, which we find sufficient to reach down to $r=20 \,\text{Mpc} \, h^{-1}$ when comparing to simulated halos.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures
Terahertz spectroscopy evidence of possible 40 K superconductivity in rhenium-doped strontium ruthenates
Creators: name: Aleshchenko, Yurii
name: Gorshunov, Boris
name: Zhukova, Elena
name: Muratov, Andrey
name: Dudka, Alexander
name: Dulal, Rajendra
name: Teknowijoyo, Serafim
name: Chahid, Sara
name: Nikoghosyan, Vahan
name: Gulian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strontium ruthenates have many similarities with copper oxide superconductors and are of particular interest for the investigation of the mechanisms and conditions which lead to high-temperature superconductivity. We report here on multiple experimental indications of superconductivity with onset at 40 K in strontium ruthenate doped by rhenium and selenium with chlorine used as the flux. The main experimental evidence arises from terahertz spectroscopy of this material followed by AC and DC magnetization, as well as measurements of its heat capacity and magnetoresistance. Structural and morphological studies revealed the heterophase nature of this polycrystalline material as well as the changes of lattice parameters relative to the original phases. Experimental data show a higher critical temperature on the surface compared to that of the bulk of the sample.
PRODUCERS' WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT HACCP PRINCIPLES IN THE GOAT MEAT INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Nettles, Latisha
name: Bukenya, James O.
name: Nettles, Latisha
name: Bukenya, James O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Livestock Production/Industries

description: The major food safety issue now confronting federal policymakers is making sure that consumers can purchase foods acceptably free of microbial contaminants and of hazardous chemicals including pesticide residues, natural toxins, environmental contaminants, animal drugs, or harmful additives. While these concerns are not new, new dimensions to the problems continually challenge regulators. This paper estimates goat producers' willingness-to-adopt HACCP systems to reduce microbial pathogen. Data used are drawn from a food safety education project for small ruminant producers funded by the USDA Food Safety Inspection Services (FSIS). The data are collected using contingent valuation survey administered among small ruminant producers in Alabama and Tennessee. The probabilities of willingness to adopt HACCP practices are estimated using a probit model. The results reveal a diversified set of preferences among goat producers where by more than half of the survey sample indicated willingness to adopt HACCP practices.
TOWARD IMPROVED ECONOMIC ANALYSIS USING CONTINGENT VALUATION: SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS APPLIED TO RIVER TOXICS AND DAM REMOVAL
Creators: name: Hitzhusen, Frederick J.
name: Abdul-Mohsen, Ashraf
name: Kruse, Sarah
name: Hitzhusen, Frederick J.
name: Abdul-Mohsen, Ashraf
name: Kruse, Sarah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper addresses conceptually and empirically some of the biases commonly associated with contingent valuation (CV) elicitation of willingness to pay (WTP) values for non-market goods and services. More specifically, the study focuses on testing for scope, context, and sequence effects in CV mail surveys as well as the assumption of well-defined preferences in mail questionnaires and how this assumption might bias WTP estimates. Our results suggest that the absence of scope effects in the some CV mail surveys might be a result of the complexity or multidimensional aspect of the policy in question (i.e. dredging with and without dam removal) and the assumption that increases in scale of the public good are easier to be comprehended and then translated into dollar values than increases in scope by the average respondent. Moreover, results of the initial mail survey suggest that individuals may not have well defined preferences for goods (i.e. dam removal) with which they are not familiar or experienced. Pre-testing of the structured elicitation groups suggests that this alternative elicitation format based on a philosophy of constructive preferences may lead to more thoughtful and rational WTP values.
Kolmogorov flow: Linear Stability and Energy Transfers in a minimal low-dimensional model
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Soumyadeep
name: Verma, Mahendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we derive a four-mode model for the Kolmogorov flow by employing Galerkin truncation and Craya-Herring basis for the decomposition of velocity field. After this, we perform a bifurcation analysis of the model. Though our low-dimensional model has fewer modes than the past models, it captures the essential features of the primary bifurcation of the Kolmogorov flow. For example, it reproduces the critical Reynolds number for the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation and the flow structures of the past works. We also demonstrate energy transfers from intermediate scales to large scales. We perform direct numerical simulations of the Kolmogorov flow and show that our model predictions match with the numerical simulations very well.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Hydro-Geomorphic Analysis of a Meandering Bend of the Ichhamati River at Hugle-Mathpara Region in North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal
Creators: name: Sayantan Das
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 40601 Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Ichhamati River is well known for its transboundary flow through India and Bangladesh. A major part of the river traverses through North 24 Parganas District in West Bengal, which mostly comes under the tidal regime. In course of time, the non-tidal course of the Ichhamati has degenerated. However, the lower course of the river remains active throughout the year due to tidal activity. In the middle reach, tidal influence reduces significantly toward upstream along with the presence of a number of angular meandering bends. The study area, located in Baduria and Swarupnagar blocks of North 24 Parganas, is characterised by a meandering bend of Ichhamati that has changed both spatially and temporally. To show the morphological changes in this area, SoI topographical maps and satellite images have been used, complemented by field surveys. Water samples were collected to find out the variation in sediment concentration during flood and ebb tide. It is found that the alignment of the Ichhamati meander at Hugle-Mathpara area has changed from curved to angular pattern in the last 100 years. The altered meander configuration can be related with tidal movement in the river. During the same period, the channel width has decreased 2.2 times due to sedimentation. Due to this, the present channel is unable to contain discharge within its banks during high tides. The channel discharge varies significantly during a tidal cycle. There is noticeable tidal asymmetry in the flood-dominant Ichhamati channel that causes deposition of sediment load on the riverbed. Consequently, the natural flow of the river is hindered which may lead to further degeneration of the river in near future.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WATER TRANSFERS FROM AGRICULTURAL TO URBAN USES
Creators: name: Sperow, Mark
name: Sperow, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: A two stage nonlinear optimization model was developed to account for the major surface and groundwater hydrologic features and cropping patterns in Colorado's San Luis Valley. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater is included to assess changes in crop patterns and producer income from water exports outside the valley.
Additional file 1 of Translating restrictive law into practice: An ethnographic exploration of the systemic processing of legally restricted health care access for asylum seekers in Germany
Creators: name: Ziegler, Sandra
name: Bozorgmehr, Kayvan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Law text passages relevant to healthcare for asylum seekers.
FARM BENEFITS AND NATURAL RESOURCE PROJECTS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR
Creators: name: Cocchi, Horacio
name: Bravo-Ureta, Boris E.
name: Quiroga, Ricardo E.
name: Cocchi, Horacio
name: Bravo-Ureta, Boris E.
name: Quiroga, Ricardo E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: A model of conservation adoption, diversification and household income, including farm and off-farm sources was formalized, wherein households simultaneously allocate assets to different activities. The mapping of assets to household income through both off and on farm activities can conceptually be considered as a production process, with assets corresponding to factors of production and income as the output. Either adoption of conservation technologies and farm output diversification are influenced by participation in natural resource management programs. Therefore, these technological improvements should foster farm production and productivity and, consequently, should be reflected in a greater household income,. Finally, household income improvement is considered a necessary condition for sustainability of the changes introduced by the projects. Overall, the results indicate that the variables more directly reflecting land allocation, such as area with staples and cash crops, output diversification and conservation practices are associated with the greatest gains in household income. Output diversification significantly decreases income from staple crops and greatly increases cash crop income. These results reaffirm the strategic role of diversification in fighting rural poverty. However, gains stemming from a more diversified income portfolio do not occur without cost, since an extra item added to the farm plan implies a reduction in the production of corn and beans (staples). This trade-off between diversification and subsistence food production suggests that switching to a more market-oriented production pattern may increase household food insecurity.
Discovery of a hot ultramassive rapidly rotating DBA White Dwarf
Creators: name: Pshirkov, M. S.
name: Dodin, A. V.
name: Belinski, A. A.
name: Zheltoukhov, S. G.
name: Fedoteva, A. A.
name: Voziakova, O. V.
name: Potanin, S. A.
name: Blinnikov, S. I.
name: Postnov, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a nearby massive white dwarf with He-H atmosphere. The white dwarf is located at a distance of $74.5\pm0.9$ pc. Its radius, mass, effective temperature, H/He ratio and age are $R=2500\pm100$ km, $M=1.33\pm0.01$ $\rm M_{\odot}$, $T_{\mathrm{eff}}=31200\pm 1200$ K, ${\mathrm{H/He}}\sim0.1$ and $330\pm40$ Myr, respectively. The observed spectrum is redshifted by $V_{\mathrm{r}}=+240\pm15$ km s$^{-1},$ which is mostly attributed to the gravitational redshift. The white dwarf shows a regular stable photometric variability with amplitude $Δg\approx0.06^{\mathrm{m}}$ and period $P=353.456$ s suggesting rapid rotation. This massive, hot and rapidly rotating white dwarf is likely to originate from the merging of close binary white dwarf system that avoided explosion in a thermonuclear type Ia supernova at the Carboniferous Period of the Earth history.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, submitted
New results in the deformed N=4 SYM theory
Creators: name: Rossi, G. C.
name: Sokatchev, E.
name: Stanev, Ya. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate various perturbative properties of the deformed N=4 SYM theory. We carry out a three-loops calculation of the chiral matter superfield propagator and derive the condition on the couplings for maintaining finiteness at this order. We compute the 2-, 3- and 4-point functions of composite operators of dimension 2 at two loops. We identify all the scalar operators (chiral and non-chiral) of bare dimension 4 with vanishing one-loop anomalous dimension. We compute some 2- and 3-point functions of these operators at two loops and argue that the observed finite corrections cannot be absorbed by a finite renormalization of the operators.
description: LaTeX, 16 pages, 1 figure; references added; typos corrected; final version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Avoiding Dark Energy with 1/R Modifications of Gravity
Creators: name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar quintessence seems epicyclic because one can choose the potential to reproduce any cosmology (I review the construction) and because the properties of this scalar seem to raise more questions than they answer. This is why there has been so much recent interest in modified gravity. I review the powerful theorem of Ostrogradski which demonstrates that the only potentially stable, local modification of general relativity is to make the Lagrangian an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar. Such a theory can certainly reproduce the current phase of cosmic acceleration without Dark Energy. However, this explanation again seems epicyclic in that one can construct a function of the Ricci scalar to support any cosmology (I give the technique). Models of this form are also liable to problems in the way they couple to matter, both in terms of matter's impact upon them and in terms of the long range gravitational force they predict. Because of these problems my own preference for avoiding Dark Energy is to bypass Ostrogradski's theorem by considering the fully nonlocal effective action built up by quantum gravitational processes during the epoch of primordial inflation.
description: 30 pages, no figures, conference proceedings for the 3rd Aegean Summer School, Chios, 26 September - 1 October, 2005. Replaced version corrects some typoes and adds references
The evolution of actively star forming galaxies in the mid infrared
Creators: name: Vega, O.
name: Silva, L.
name: Panuzzo, P.
name: Bressan, A.
name: Granato, G. L.
name: Chavez, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the evolution of actively star forming galaxies in the mid-infrared (MIR). This spectral region, characterized by continuum emission by hot dust and by the presence of strong emission features generally ascribed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, is the most strongly affected by the heating processes associated with star formation and/or active galactic nuclei (AGN). Following the detailed observational characterization of galaxies in the MIR by ISO, we have updated the modelling of this spectral region in our spectro-photometric model GRASIL (Silva et al. 1998). In the diffuse component we have updated the treatment of PAHs according to the model by Li & Draine (2001). As for the dense phase of the ISM associated with the star forming regions, the molecular clouds, we strongly decrease the abundance of PAHs as compared to that in the cirrus, basing on the observational evidences of the lack or weakness of PAH bands close to the newly formed stars, possibly due to the destruction of the molecules in strong UV fields. The robustness of the model is checked by fitting near infrared to radio broad band spectra and the corresponding detailed MIR spectra of a large sample of galaxies (Lu et al. 2003), at once. With this model, we have analyzed the larger sample of actively star forming galaxies by Dale et al. (2000). We show that the observed trends of galaxies in the ISO-IRAS-Radio color-color plots can be interpreted in terms of different evolutionary phases of star formation activity, and the consequent different dominance in the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the diffuse or dense phase of the ISM.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
DETERMINANTS OF INVESTMENTS IN NON-FARM ASSETS BY FARM HOUSEHOLDS
Creators: name: Serra, Teresa
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Serra, Teresa
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Off-farm investment decisions of farm households are analyzed. Farm-level data for a sample of Kansas farms observed from 1994 through 2000 are utilized. A system of censored dependent variables is estimated to investigate the factors that influence the composition of farm households' portfolios. The central question underlying the analysis is whether farm income variability influences off-farm investment decisions. Previous analyses on the determinants of non-farm investments have failed to consider the role of income variability. Our results indicate that higher farm income fluctuations increase the relevance of non-farm assets in the farm household portfolio, thus suggesting that these assets are used as farm risk management tools.
Creating Majorana modes from segmented Fermi surface
Creators: name: Papaj, Michał
name: Fu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new platform for creating Majorana bound states from 2D gapless superconducting state in spin-helical systems under the in-plane Zeeman field. Topological 1D channels are formed by quantum confinement of quasiparticles via Andreev reflection from the surrounding fully gapped superconducting region. Our proposal can be realized using narrow strips of magnetic insulators on top of proximitized 3D topological insulators. This setup has key advantages that include: small Zeeman fields, no required fine-tuning of chemical potential, removal of the low-energy detrimental states, and large attainable topological gap.
description: 6+3 pages, 4+1 figures
THE SYNERGY BETWEEN SUBSECTOR COMPETITIVENESS AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF TURKEY AND THE TOMATO SUBSECTOR
Creators: name: Akgungor, Sedef
name: Fitzpatrick, Ellen T.
name: Akgungor, Sedef
name: Fitzpatrick, Ellen T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Regional development
subject: sustainable competitiveness
subject: tomato processing industry
subject: Turkey
subject: industry clusters

description: Abstract This study develops a conceptual model of the institutions and key factors that facilitate competitiveness on the national and subsector level and then determines how linkages between the factors that enhance competitiveness and regional development can be created. Turkey and the Turkish tomato subsector provided the case to test this model.
CONSUMER DEMAND FOR MEAT IN ALBERTA, CANADA: IMPACT OF BSE
Creators: name: Peng, Yanning
name: McCann-Hiltz, Diane
name: Goddard, Ellen W.
name: Peng, Yanning
name: McCann-Hiltz, Diane
name: Goddard, Ellen W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Following the case of BSE in Alberta, Canada on May 20, 2003, retail beef sales, domestic disappearance of beef and anecdotal evidence suggests that consumption of beef increased in Alberta. This article investigates fresh meat demand and the impact of BSE on fresh meat demand in Alberta during 2001-2004 through the specification of the linear almost ideal demand system. The model is extended to include a media index of BSE related newspaper articles and an index to capture the temporary loss of Alberta beef export markets. Estimated coefficients and elasticities are consistent with demand theory. The magnitude of own price elasticities are smaller compared to some other Canadian meat studies which may be due to the nature of this data set. The price during the three year period could not demonstrate upward or downward trends as clear as studies which use a much longer data period. The newspaper articles related to BSE had an adverse effect on beef (excluding ground beef) consumption while it generated a positive effect on pork demand. The border closure to beef exports increased the demand for beef. However, it had adverse impacts on pork and chicken demand. In addition, total meat expenditure and demand for beef, pork and chicken show strong seasonality trends.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/30/04.
Dark energy loopholes some time after GW170817
Creators: name: Bordin, Lorenzo
name: Copeland, Edmund J.
name: Padilla, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the constraints on scalar tensor theories of modified gravity following the purge of GW170817. We pay particular attention to dynamical loopholes where the anomalous speed of propagation of the gravitational wave can vanish on-shell, when we impose the dynamical field equations. By working in the effective field theory formalism we are able to improve on previous analyses, scanning a much wider class of theories, including Beyond Horndeski and DHOST. Furthermore, the formalism is well adapted to consider the effect of inhomogeneous perturbations, where we explicitly take into account the fact that the galactic overdensities are pressureless to leading order.
description: 15 pages
THE IMPACT OF MARKET REFORMS ON SPATIAL VOLATILITY OF MAIZE PRICE IN TANZANIA
Creators: name: Kilima, Fredy
name: Chung, Chanjin
name: Kenkel, Philip L.
name: Mbiha, Emanuel
name: Kilima, Fredy
name: Chung, Chanjin
name: Kenkel, Philip L.
name: Mbiha, Emanuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The impacts of market reforms on prices volatility in developing countries are not well understood because analysts have not been able to predict the impacts. This study investigates whether the reforms have exacerbated the degree of spatial volatility of maize price in Tanzania using ARCH-M model. Results indicate that developed regions might have experienced less volatile prices than less developed regions. Infrastructure development to increase the volume of trade between the regions is recommended.
Davies, John Gordon, Der Heilige Geist, die Kirche und die Sakramente
Creators: name: Schmidt-Clausen, Kurt
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 8 Nr. 2 (1959): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 8, Heft 2
Analytic Hypoellipticity for a Class of Sums of Squares of Vector Fields with Non-Symplectic Characteristic Variety
Creators: name: Bove, Antonio
name: Derridj, Makhlouf
name: Tartakoff, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35H10; 35N15

description: The recent example of Hanges: $P = \partial_t^2 + t^2Δ_x + \partial^2_{θ(x)}$ in $R^3$ is analytic hypoelliptic in the sense of germs but not in the strong sense in any neighborhood of the origin. And its characteristic variety is non-symplectic. We give a purely $L^2,$ and hence quite flexible, proof of this result and generalizations, and link it to, and contrast it with, the celebrated Baouendi-Goulaouic operator. We point out that the results are consistent with the conjecture of Treves.
description: 11 pages
Reserve Selection in the presence of Economic Feedback Effects
Creators: name: Harpankar, Kshama
name: Harpankar, Kshama
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Targeting land for conservation has always been an important question. Studies so far have mostly assumed that biological and economic worlds operate in isolation from each other. This paper initiates the economic feedback effects into the reserve selection mechanism. With the help of heuristics, this paper shows that ignoring economic feedback effects can lead to sub-optimal conservation outcome and biased conservation estimates when we consider the biological value of land outside of nature reserves. The informed heuristic includes the amenity value effect in conservation planning process where as the informed-spatial heuristic adds spatial externalities to the model.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/27/06.
Additional file 2 of Translating restrictive law into practice: An ethnographic exploration of the systemic processing of legally restricted health care access for asylum seekers in Germany
Creators: name: Ziegler, Sandra
name: Bozorgmehr, Kayvan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Functional systems relevant to health care decisions for asylum seekers.
Dark Energy and Non-linear Perturbations
Creators: name: van de Bruck, C.
name: Mota, D. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark energy might have an influence on the formation of non--linear structures during the cosmic history. For example, in models in which dark energy couples to dark matter, it will be non--homogeneous and will influence the collapse of a dark matter overdensity. We use the spherical collapse model to estimate how much influence dark energy might have.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; invited talk at IDM, Edinburgh, September 2004; to appear in the proceedings
Strain engineering in single-, bi- and tri-layer MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2
Creators: name: Carrascoso, Felix
name: Li, Hao
name: Frisenda, Riccardo
name: Castellanos-Gomez, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strain is a powerful tool to modify the optical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides like MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2. In this work we provide a thorough description of the technical details to perform uniaxial strain measurements on these two-dimensional semiconductors and we provide a straightforward calibration method to determine the amount of applied strain with high accuracy. We then employ reflectance spectroscopy to analyze the strain tunability of the electronic properties of single-, bi- and tri-layer MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2. Finally, we quantify the flake-to-flake variability by analyzing 15 different single-layer MoS2 flakes.
description: 4 main text figures, 5 tables, 18 figures in the supporting information
Localization-delocalization transition in a one-dimensional system with long-range correlated off-diagonal disorder
Creators: name: Cheraghchi, H.
name: Fazeli, S. M.
name: Esfarjani, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The localization behavior of the one-dimensional Anderson model with correlated and uncorrelated purely off-diagonal disorder is studied. Using the transfer matrix method, we derive an analytical expression for the localization length at the band center in terms of the pair correlation function. It is proved that for long-range correlated hopping disorder, a localization-delocalization transition occurs at the critical Hurst exponent H_c= 1/2 when the variance of the logarithm of hopping "σ_{\ln(t)}" is kept fixed with the system size N. Based on numerical calculations, finite size scaling relations are postulated for the localization length near the band center (E \neq 0) in terms of the system parameters: E,N,H, and σ_{\ln(t)}.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures