cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Αξιολόγηση ορολογικών, απεικονιστικών παραμέτρων και προγνωστικών δεικτών ίνωσης σε ασθενείς με χρόνιες φλεγμονώδεις ηπατικές παθήσεις:
Creators: name: Παπαλαυρέντιος, Λαυρέντιος Γ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Ήπαρ
Ίνωση
Ορολογικοί δείκτες
Απεικονιστικές τεχνικές
Liver
Fibrosis
Serum markers
Imaging techniques

description: Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η εκτίμηση της ηπατικής ίνωσης σε χρόνιες φλεγμονώδεις ηπατοπάθειες μέσω μη επεμβατικών ορολογικών δοκιμασιών και απεικονιστικών τεχνικών καθώς και η σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων με την ιστολογική εξέταση βιοψίας ήπατος με τελικό στόχο την ανεύρεση της ακριβέστερης μη επεμβατικής μεθοδολογίας ή του αποδοτικότερου συνδυασμού τους. Στη μελέτη εντάχθηκαν ασθενείς πάσχοντες από χρόνια φλεγμονώδη νοσήματα του ήπατος. Από όλους τους ασθενείς ελήφθη ορός, καταγράφηκαν τα σωματομετρικά χαρακτηριστικά και τα δημογραφικά δεδομένα, διενεργήθηκε ελαστογραφία ήπατος, Fibrotest, μαγνητική τομογραφία ήπατος με τη μέθοδο της διάχυσης και ,τέλος, ελήφθη ιστός ήπατος με βιοψία ήπατος. Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων διενεργήθηκε σε διαφορετικές ομάδες ασθενών.
description: The aim of the present thesis was the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic inflammatory liver diseases through non invasive serological markers and imaging techniques of liver fibrosis and the comparison of the results with the histological evaluation of liver biopsy specimens in order to find the most accurate non invasive method or the most efficient combination of them. This study included patients with chronic liver diseases. In all patients blood serum was obtained, body and demographic characteristics were recorded, transient elastography, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and Fibrotest were performed and, finally, liver specimen was obtained through liver biopsy. Data analysis was performed in different patient groups.
Additional file 1 of Body mass index, genetic susceptibility, and Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study based on 475,813 participants from the UK Biobank
Creators: name: Yuan, Shiqi
name: Wu, Wentao
name: Ma, Wen
name: Huang, Xiaxuan
name: Huang, Tao
name: Peng, MIn
name: Xu, Anding
name: Lyu, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Leave-one-out sensitivity test (BMI served as the exposure and AD as outcome), no matter which SNP was removed, it had no fundamental effect on the result, and it showed that the MR result was robust. Figure S2. Scatter plot. Each point on this graph actually represents an IV, and the line on each point reflects the 95% confidence interval. The horizontal axis is the effect of SNP on exposure (BMI), the vertical axis is the effect of SNP on outcome (AD), and the colored line represents the MR fitting result. It suggested that exposure (BMI) had no positive causal relationship with outcome (AD). Figure S3. Forest map. MR effect size for AD on BMI. Each solid horizontal line in the forest map reflects the estimated result of a single SNP using the Wald ratio method. It indicated that the increased BMI did not significantly reduce the risk of AD by the IVW and MR Egger methods. Figure S4. Funnel figure. The funnel plot was symmetrical on the whole without obvious heterogeneity. Figure S5. Leave-one-out sensitivity test (AD served as the exposure and BMI as outcome), no matter which SNP was removed, it had no fundamental effect on the result, and it showed that the MR result was robust. Figure S6. Funnel figure. The funnel plot was symmetrical on the whole without obvious heterogeneity. Figure S7. A: Restricted cubic splines (RCS) for analysis of the relationship between BMI and incidence of AD. Adjusted for age, TDI, sex, smoking, ethnicity, education level, alcohol use, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes. B: Cox proportional risk model estimating the hazard ratio of AD. model 1 was unadjusted, model 2 was adjusted for age and sex, model 3 was adjusted for age, TDI, sex, smoking, ethnicity, education level, alcohol use, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes.
Introduction
Creators: name: Cerquetti, Mara
name: Sánchez-Mesa Martínez, Leonardo J.
name: Vitale, Carmen
Publisher: name: eum
Year: 2019

description: The management of cultural heritage and landscape in inner areas. Introduction / Introduzione
description: Il Capitale culturale. Studies on the value of cultural heritage, N° 19 (2019): The management of cultural heritage and landscape in inner areas
Trionic phase of ultracold fermions in an optical lattice: A variational study
Creators: name: Rapp, Akos
name: Hofstetter, Walter
name: Zarand, Gergely
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate ultracold fermionic atoms of three internal states (colors) in an optical lattice, subject to strong attractive interaction, we study the attractive three-color Hubbard model in infinite dimensions by using a variational approach. We find a quantum phase transition between a weak-coupling superconducting phase and a strong-coupling trionic phase where groups of three atoms are bound to a composite fermion. We show how the Gutzwiller variational theory can be reformulated in terms of an effective field theory with three-body interactions and how this effective field theory can be solved exactly in infinite dimensions by using the methods of dynamical mean field theory.
description: 14 PRB pages, 8 figures
Temporal and diffraction effects in entanglement creation in an optical cavity
Creators: name: Natali, S.
name: Ficek, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A practical scheme for entanglement creation between distant atoms located inside a single-mode optical cavity is discussed. We show that the degree of entanglement and the time it takes for the entanglement to reach its optimum value is a sensitive function the initial conditions and the position of the atoms inside the cavity mode. It is found that the entangled properties of the two atoms can readily be extracted from dynamics of a simple two-level system. Effectively, we engineer two coupled qubits whose the dynamics are analogous to that of a driven single two-level system. It is found that spatial variations of the coupling constants actually help to create transient entanglement which may appear on the time scale much longer than that predicted for the case of equal coupling constants. When the atoms are initially prepared in an entangled state, they may remain entangled for all times. We also find that the entanglement exhibits an interesting phenomenon of diffraction when the the atoms are located between the nodes and antinodes of the cavity mode. The diffraction pattern of the entanglement varies with time and we explain this effect in terms of the quantum property of complementarity, which is manifested as a tradeoff between the knowledge of energy of the exchanged photon versus the evolution time of the system.
description: Phys. Rev. A75, 042307 (2007)
Search for charged Higgs bosons produced in vector boson fusion processes and decaying into vector boson pairs in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for charged Higgs bosons produced in vector boson fusion processes and decaying into vector bosons, using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV at the LHC, is reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMS detector. Events are selected by requiring two or three electrons or muons, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass. No excess of events with respect to the standard model background predictions is observed. Model independent upper limits at 95% confidence level are reported on the product of the cross section and branching fraction for vector boson fusion production of charged Higgs bosons as a function of mass, from 200 to 3000 GeV. The results are interpreted in the context of the Georgi-Machacek model.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-20-017 (CMS Public Pages)
The Seesaw Mechanism in Quark-Lepton Complementarity
Creators: name: Plentinger, Florian
name: Seidl, Gerhart
name: Winter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically construct realistic mass matrices for the type-I seesaw mechanism out of more than 20 trillion possibilities. We use only very generic assumptions from extended quark-lepton complementarity, i.e., the leptonic mixing angles between flavor and mass eigenstates are either maximal, or parameterized by a single small quantity epsilon that is of the order of the Cabibbo angle epsilon theta_C. The small quantity epsilon also describes all fermion mass hierarchies. We show that special cases often considered in the literature, such as having a symmetric Dirac mass matrix or small mixing among charged leptons, constitute only a tiny fraction of our possibilities. Moreover, we find that in most cases the spectrum of right-handed neutrino masses is only mildly hierarchical. As a result, we provide for the charged leptons and neutrinos a selected list of 1981 qualitatively different Yukawa coupling matrices (or textures) that are parameterized by the Cabibbo angle and allow for a perfect fit to current data. In addition, we also briefly show how the textures could be generated in explicit models from flavor symmetries.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Several typos corrected and references added, final version to appear in PRD. A complete list of the 1981 normal hierarchy textures can be obtained at http://theorie.physik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~winter/Resources/SeeSawTex/
The Infrared Cloud Monitor for the MAGNUM Robotic Telescope at Haleakala
Creators: name: Suganuma, M.
name: Kobayashi, Y.
name: Okada, N.
name: Yoshii, Y.
name: Minezaki, T.
name: Aoki, T.
name: Enya, K.
name: Tomita, H.
name: Koshida, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the most successful infrared cloud monitor for a robotic telescope. This system was originally developed for the MAGNUM 2-m telescope, which has been achieving unmanned and automated monitoring observation of active galactic nuclei at Haleakala on the Hawaiian island of Maui since 2001. Using a thermal imager and two aspherical mirrors, it at once sees almost the whole sky at a wavelength of $λ\sim 10μ{\rm m}$. Its outdoor part is weather-proof and is totally maintenance-free. The images obtained every one or two minutes are analysed immediately into several ranks of weather condition, from which our automated observing system not only decides to open or close the dome, but also selects what types of observations should be done. The whole-sky data accumulated over four years show that 50$-$60 % of all nights are photometric, and about 75 % are observable with respect to cloud condition at Haleakala. Many copies of this system are now used all over the world such as Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Atacama in Chile, and Okayama and Kiso in Japan.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in PASP
Model of nanocrystal formation in solution by burst nucleation and diffusional growth
Creators: name: Robb, D. T.
name: Privman, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of burst nucleation in solution, in which a period of apparent chemical inactivity is followed by a sudden and explosive growth of nucleated particles from a solute species, has been given a widely accepted qualitative explanation by LaMer and co-workers. Here, we present a model with the assumptions of instantaneous thermalization below the critical nucleus size and irreversible diffusive growth above the critical size, which for the first time formulates LaMer's explanation of burst nucleation in a manner allowing quantitative calculations. The behavior of the model at large times is derived, with the result that the average cluster size, as measured by the number of atoms, grows linearly with time, while the width of the cluster distribution grows as the square root of time. We develop an effective numerical scheme to integrate the equations of the model and compare the asymptotic expressions to results from numerical simulation. Finally, we discuss the physical effects which cause real nucleation processes in solution to deviate from the behavior of the model.
description: accepted by Langmuir; 15 pages, w/ 16 figures; 3 supplemental info files included in PDF
Thermostable serine protease inhibitor from Death cap (Amanita phalloides)
Creators: name: Phichaya Khamai
name: Ketpaillin Chimong
name: Kritchai Pooncharoen
name: Widsanusan Chartarrayawadee
Publisher: name: Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Protease inhibitor
trypsin
Amanita phalloid
thermostable inhibitor

description: Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 52, 3, 158-162
From Kadanoff--Baym to Boltzmann equations for massive spin-1/2 fermions
Creators: name: Sheng, Xin-Li
name: Weickgenannt, Nora
name: Speranza, Enrico
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
name: Wang, Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive Boltzmann equations for massive spin-1/2 fermions with local and nonlocal collision terms from the Kadanoff--Baym equation in the Schwinger--Keldysh formalism, properly accounting for the spin degrees of freedom. The Boltzmann equations are expressed in terms of matrix-valued spin distribution functions, which are the building blocks for the quasi-classical parts of the Wigner functions. Nonlocal collision terms appear at next-to-leading order in $\hbar$ and are sources for the polarization part of the matrix-valued spin distribution functions. The Boltzmann equations for the matrix-valued spin distribution functions pave the way for simulating spin-transport processes involving spin-vorticity couplings from first principles.
description: RevTex 4, 24 pages, 2 figures
A search for OH 6 GHz maser emission towards southern supernova remnants
Creators: name: McDonnell, Korinne E.
name: Vaughan, Alan E.
name: Wardle, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OH masers at 1720 MHz have proven to be excellent indicators of interactions between supernova remnants and molecular clouds. Recent calculations suggest that the 6049 MHz OH maser line is excited for higher column densities than for the 1720 MHz line. It is therefore a potentially valuable indicator of remnant-cloud interaction. We present preliminary results of a survey using the Parkes Methanol Multibeam receiver for 6049 MHz and 6035/6030 MHz OH masers towards 36 supernova remnants and 4 fields in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. While no 6049 MHz masers have been found, three new sites of 6035 and 6030 MHz OH maser emission have been discovered in star-forming regions.
description: 2 pages, 1 fig, iaus.cls. To appear in IAU 242, Astrophysical Masers and Their Environments, eds. J. Chapman & W. Baan
Association of neighbourhood disadvantage and individual socioeconomic position with all-cause mortality – a longitudinal multi-cohort analysis. (Study Protocol)
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Ana Isabel
name: Fraga, Silvia
name: Kelly-Irving, Michelle
name: Severo, Mílton
name: Delpierre, Cyrille
name: Stringhini, Silvia
name: Kivimaki, Mika
name: Joost, Stephane
name: Guessous, Idris
name: Severi, Gianluca
name: Giles, Graham
name: Sacerdote, Carlotta
name: Vineis, Paolo
name: Barros, Henrique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Study protocol
AC Josephson properties of phase slip lines in wide tin films
Creators: name: Dmitriev, V. M.
name: Zolochevskii, I. V.
name: Bezuglyi, E. V.
name: Kondrashev, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current steps in the current-voltage characteristics of wide superconducting Sn films exposed to a microwave irradiation were observed in the resistive state with phase slip lines. The behaviour of the magnitude of the steps on the applied irradiation power was found to be similar to that for the current steps in narrow superconducting channels with phase slip centers and, to some extent, for the Shapiro steps in Josephson junctions. This provides evidence for the Josephson properties of the phase slip lines in wide superconducting films and supports the assumption about similarity between the processes of phase slip in wide and narrow films.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Supercond. Sci. Technol
DOES PERCEIVED RESPECT INFLUENCE THE INTENTION TO QUIT THE JOB AMONG HOME HEALTH AIDES WORKING IN PATIENTS? HOMES IN THE U.S.?
Creators: name: Sabitri Bhatta
Publisher: name: Chulalongkorn Universtiy Press
Year: 2015
Subjects: Home health aides, Intention to leave, Long-term care

description: 3, 29, Journal of Health Research
Double Bootstrap-t One-Sided Confidence Interval for Population Variance of Skewed Distributions
Creators: name: Wararit Panichkitkosolkul
Publisher: name: Silpakorn University Research and Development Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: Double Bootstrap-t, Confidence Interval, Variance, Skewed Distribution

description: 2, 7, Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal
title: Projektion statt Kreidespur: Wie digitale Medien den Rechtschreibunterricht restrukturieren
Creators: name: Isler, Dieter
name: Riegler, Susanne
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2022
Subjects: Wissensmedien
Digitalität
Unterrichtspraktiken

description: Mit der Verbreitung digitaler Wissensmedien verändert sich auch der Rechtschreibunterricht. Die Gebrauchsweisen der Kreidetafel haben sich über viele Jahrzehnte hinweg entwickelt und etabliert. Einen solchen Institutionalisierungsprozess haben digitale Medien nicht durchlaufen. Sie entwickeln sich in rasantem Tempo, bieten andere Potenziale und erfordern andere Gebrauchsweisen als analoge Tafeln. In diesem Beitrag fragen wir aus praxistheoretischer Perspektive danach, wie digitale Medien das Geschehen im Rechtschreibunterricht restrukturieren. Dazu werden zwei Rechtschreibstunden, in welchen digitale Wissensmedien (eine Dokumentenkamera und ein interaktives Whiteboard) zum Einsatz kamen, videosequenzanalytisch ausgewertet. Die daraus resultierenden Konzepte werden fallübergreifend verglichen und zu den Ergebnissen einer früheren Studie zum Beitrag der (Kreide-)Tafel zum Vollzug von Rechtschreibunterricht in Beziehung gesetzt. Die für die Kreidetafel gefundenen Bedeutungen lassen sich für die digitalen Medien nur teilweise bestätigen: Sie sind zwar ebenfalls an der Koordination der kollektiven Kommunikation und der Darstellung des Unterrichtsgegenstands beteiligt, die Organisation von Schule und Unterricht sowie die Legitimation schulischen Wissens erfolgen jedoch weiterhin massgeblich über die analoge Tafel.
description: leseforum.ch: Leseforum Schweiz. Literalität in Forschung und Praxis, no. 1, p. 1
Real-time Deep Dynamic Characters
Creators: name: Habermann, Marc
name: Liu, Lingjie
name: Xu, Weipeng
name: Zollhoefer, Michael
name: Pons-Moll, Gerard
name: Theobalt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a deep videorealistic 3D human character model displaying highly realistic shape, motion, and dynamic appearance learned in a new weakly supervised way from multi-view imagery. In contrast to previous work, our controllable 3D character displays dynamics, e.g., the swing of the skirt, dependent on skeletal body motion in an efficient data-driven way, without requiring complex physics simulation. Our character model also features a learned dynamic texture model that accounts for photo-realistic motion-dependent appearance details, as well as view-dependent lighting effects. During training, we do not need to resort to difficult dynamic 3D capture of the human; instead we can train our model entirely from multi-view video in a weakly supervised manner. To this end, we propose a parametric and differentiable character representation which allows us to model coarse and fine dynamic deformations, e.g., garment wrinkles, as explicit space-time coherent mesh geometry that is augmented with high-quality dynamic textures dependent on motion and view point. As input to the model, only an arbitrary 3D skeleton motion is required, making it directly compatible with the established 3D animation pipeline. We use a novel graph convolutional network architecture to enable motion-dependent deformation learning of body and clothing, including dynamics, and a neural generative dynamic texture model creates corresponding dynamic texture maps. We show that by merely providing new skeletal motions, our model creates motion-dependent surface deformations, physically plausible dynamic clothing deformations, as well as video-realistic surface textures at a much higher level of detail than previous state of the art approaches, and even in real-time.
The Connection between Star-Forming Galaxies, AGN Host Galaxies and Early-Type Galaxies in the SDSS
Creators: name: Lee, Joon Hyeop
name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Kim, Taehyun
name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Park, Changbom
name: Choi, Yun-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the connection between star-forming galaxies, AGN host galaxies, and normal early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Using the SDSS DR5 and DR4plus data, we select our early-type galaxy sample in the color versus color-gradient space, and we classify the spectral types of the selected early-type galaxies into normal, star-forming, Seyfert, and LINER classes, using several spectral line flux ratios. We investigate the slope in the fundamental space for each class of early-type galaxies and find that there are obvious differences in the slopes of the fundamental planes (FPs) among the different classes of early-type galaxies, in the sense that the slopes for Seyferts and star-forming galaxies are flatter than those for normal galaxies and LINERs. This may be the first identification of the systematic variation of the FP slope among the subclasses of early-type galaxies. The difference in the FP slope might be caused by the difference in the degree of nonhomology among different classes or by the difference of gas contents in their merging progenitors. One possible scenario is that the AGN host galaxies and star-forming galaxies are formed by gas-rich merging and that they may evolve into normal early-type galaxies after finishing their star formation or AGN activities.
description: 5 pages with emulateapj, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
title: Autonomy: The Central Idea of the Reasoning of the Court of Justice
Creators: name: Kukovec, Damjan
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: European Court of Justice
subject: autonomy
subject: coherence
subject: rule of law
subject: human rights
subject: legal reasoning

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(3), 1403-1439
description: I. Introduction. – II. The concept of autonomy beyond a jurisdictional claim. – III. Autonomy as a source of coherence. – IV. Autonomy’s omnipresence in the case law of the Court. – IV.1. Autonomy operating visibly. – IV.2. Autonomy not explicitly mentioned but operating actively. – IV.3. Autonomy as a silent undercurrent. – V. Conclusion.
description: This Article aims to demonstrate that if there is a single vision of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is the idea of autonomy. It portrays how autonomy, defined as an idea of a new legal order with its distinct ontological and axiological character, serves as an organizing principle ensuring the coherence of the case law. It first examines the concept of autonomy, and then investigates the presence of autonomy in the case law of the Court, arguing that it is either explicitly or implicitly always present as the undercurrent in the Court’s legal reasoning. It goes on to show the inextricable link between autonomy and the fundamental principles of the EU legal system, among them the rule of law, the protection of human rights and the effectiveness of the EU legal order. By drawing upon case law of the Court in varied areas of EU law, the Article establishes that autonomy, with its distinct character, is the most important guideline in understanding the Court’s jurisprudence, ensuring its predictability and coherence. Autonomy vitally ensures pluralism of the European Union by contributing to the integrity of the judicial process and enabling the Court to speak with one voice. Through Aristotle’s’ approach for the search of knowledge, the Article portrays that autonomy is not the end in itself, but is rather vital for realizing the goals and values of the European Union.
Evidence for a Long-Standing Top-Heavy IMF in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Maness, H.
name: Martins, F.
name: Trippe, S.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Graham, J. R.
name: Sheehy, C.
name: Salaris, M.
name: Gillessen, S.
name: Alexander, T.
name: Paumard, T.
name: Ott, T.
name: Abuter, R.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify 329 late-type giants within 1 parsec of Sgr A*, using the adaptive optics integral field spectrometer SINFONI on the VLT. These observations represent the deepest spectroscopic data set so far obtained for the Galactic Center, reaching a 50% completeness threshold at the approximate magnitude of the helium-burning red clump (Ks ~ 15.5 mag.). Combining our spectroscopic results with NaCo H and Ks photometry, we construct an observed Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which we quantitatively compare to theoretical distributions of various star formation histories of the inner Galaxy, using a chi-squared analysis. Our best-fit model corresponds to continuous star formation over the last 12 Gyr with a top-heavy initial mass function (IMF). The similarity of this IMF to the IMF observed for the most recent epoch of star formation is intriguing and perhaps suggests a connection between recent star formation and the stars formed throughout the history of the Galactic Center.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, Accepted to ApJ: 15 July 2007
Pushing the Capture Limit of Thermionic Gun Linacs
Creators: name: Setiniyaz, Sadiq
name: Castilla, Alejandro
name: McKenzie, Julian
name: Apsimon, Robert
name: Militsyn, Boris
name: Angal-Kalinin, Deepa
name: Burt, Graeme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although accelerator technology has matured sufficiently, state-of-the-art X-ray linacs for radiotherapy and cargo-scanning capture merely 30-50% of the electrons from a thermionic cathode, requiring a higher cathode current and leaving uncaptured electrons to cause problems due to back bombardment, shortening of cathode life, etc. Any solution to increase capture should be effective, simple, reliable, compact, and low cost in order to be adopted by industry. To address this, we present the design of a 6 MeV high capture efficiency S-band electron linac that captures 90% of the initial DC beam. This linac does not require any extra parts that would increase the cost as the high efficiency is achieved via a low-field-amplitude in the first bunching cell to decrease the number of backstreaming electrons, to velocity bunch the electron beam, and recapture backstreaming electrons. Under the low field amplitude, any electrons launched at decelerating phases travel backward with low speeds, thus most of them can catch the next RF cycle, and get re-accelerated/recaptured. As the electron speed is low, the cell length is also shorter than existing linacs. Such a short field is achieved by the use of asymmetric cells with differential coupling to the side-coupled cells. Our novel design has implications for all commercial high current thermionic gun linacs for increasing beam current and increasing cathode lifetime.
Cosmological Symmetry Breaking, Pseudo-scale invariance, Dark Energy and the Standard Model
Creators: name: Jain, Pankaj
name: Mitra, Subhadip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy density of the universe today may be dominated by the vacuum energy of a slowly rolling scalar field. Making a quantum expansion around such a time dependent solution is found to break fundamental symmetries of quantum field theory. We call this mechanism cosmological symmetry breaking and argue that it is different from the standard phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking. We illustrate this with a toy scalar field theory, whose action displays a U(1) symmetry. We identify a symmetry, called pseudo-scale invariance, which sets the cosmological constant exactly equal to zero, both in classical and quantum theory. This symmetry is also broken cosmologically and leads to a nonzero vacuum or dark energy. The slow roll condition along with the observed value of dark energy leads to a value of the background scalar field of the order of Planck mass. We also consider a U(1) gauge symmetry model. Cosmological symmetry breaking, in this case, leads to a non zero mass for the vector field. We also show that a cosmologically broken pseudo-scale invariance can generate a wide range of masses.
description: 18 pages, no figures
Improving Molecular Graph Neural Network Explainability with Orthonormalization and Induced Sparsity
Creators: name: Henderson, Ryan
name: Clevert, Djork-Arné
name: Montanari, Floriane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rationalizing which parts of a molecule drive the predictions of a molecular graph convolutional neural network (GCNN) can be difficult. To help, we propose two simple regularization techniques to apply during the training of GCNNs: Batch Representation Orthonormalization (BRO) and Gini regularization. BRO, inspired by molecular orbital theory, encourages graph convolution operations to generate orthonormal node embeddings. Gini regularization is applied to the weights of the output layer and constrains the number of dimensions the model can use to make predictions. We show that Gini and BRO regularization can improve the accuracy of state-of-the-art GCNN attribution methods on artificial benchmark datasets. In a real-world setting, we demonstrate that medicinal chemists significantly prefer explanations extracted from regularized models. While we only study these regularizers in the context of GCNNs, both can be applied to other types of neural networks
description: Fixed typo and reference
Superfluid-insulator transitions of the Fermi gas with near-unitary interactions in a periodic potential
Creators: name: Moon, Eun Gook
name: Nikolic, Predrag
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider spin-1/2 fermions of mass m with interactions near the unitary limit. In an applied periodic potential of amplitude V and period a, and with a density of an even integer number of fermions per unit cell, there is a second-order quantum phase transition between superfluid and insulating ground states at a critical V=Vc. We compute the universal ratio Vc m a^2 / h^2 at N=infinity in a model with Sp(2N) spin symmetry. The insulator interpolates between a band insulator of fermions and a Mott insulator of fermion pairs. We discuss implications for recent experiments.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Inverse Scattering for Gratings and Wave Guides
Creators: name: Eskin, Gregory
name: Ralston, James
name: Yamamoto, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of unique identification of dielectric coefficients for gratings and sound speeds for wave guides from scattering data. We prove that the "propagating modes" given for all frequencies uniquely determine these coefficients. The gratings may contain conductors as well as dielectrics and the boundaries of the conductors are also determined by the propagating modes.
description: 12 pages
Topological spin crystals by itinerant frustration
Creators: name: Hayami, Satoru
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin textures with nontrivial topology, such as vortices and skyrmions, have attracted attention as a source of unconventional magnetic, transport, and optical phenomena. Recently, a new generation of topological spin textures has been extensively studied in itinerant magnets; in contrast to the conventional ones induced, e.g., by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in noncentrosymmetric systems, they are characterized by extremely short magnetic periods and stable even in centrosymmetric systems. Here we review such new types of topological spin textures with particular emphasis on their stabilization mechanism. Focusing on the interplay between charge and spin degrees of freedom in itinerant electron systems, we show that itinerant frustration, which is the competition among electron-mediated interactions, plays a central role in stabilizing a variety of topological spin crystals including a skyrmion crystal with unconventional high skyrmion number, meron crystals, and hedgehog crystals. We also show that the essential ingredients in the itinerant frustration are represented by bilinear and biquadratic spin interactions in momentum space. This perspective not only provides a unified understanding of the unconventional topological spin crystals but also stimulates further exploration of exotic topological phenomena in itinerant magnets.
description: 50 pages, 16 figures, 1 table
CONTABILIDADE: ENTRE UMAS E OUTRAS
Creators: name: Iudícibus, Sérgio
name: Lisboa, Lázaro Plácido
Publisher: name: Revista de Informação Contábil
Year: 2008

description: O título deste artigo foi inspirado no de um filme denominado Sideways na versão original, lamentavelmente traduzido para “Entre Umas e Outras” na versão nacional. Sideways, numa tradução literal, significa vias paralelas, calçadas, mas creio que no filme quisesse significar vias secundárias. De fato, o filme narra a história de dois amigos: um que vai casar daí a alguns dias; outro, que está saindo de uma decepção amorosa. Resolvem, como despedida de solteiro, gastar uma semana indo para o norte da Califórnia visitar pequenas produtoras de vinhos de excelente qualidade (um dos amigos era um expert em vinhos). É claro que durante a viagem acontecem muitas aventuras, principalmente com o amigo que vai casar, um namorador inveterado, daí o título na versão nacional.
description: Revista de Informação Contábil, v. 1, n. 1 (2007): RIC/UFPE - Revista de Informação Contábil
Dirac Composite Fermion Theory of General Jain's Sequences
Creators: name: Nguyen, Dung Xuan
name: Son, Dam Thanh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the composite fermion theory of general Jain's sequences with filling factor $ν=N/(4N\pm1)$. We show that Goldman and Fradkin's proposal of a Dirac composite fermion leads to a violation of the Haldane bound on the coefficient of the static structure factor. To resolve this apparent contradiction, we add to the effective theory a gapped chiral mode (or modes) which already exists in the Fermi liquid state at $ν=1/4$. We interpret the additional mode as an internal degree of freedom of the composite fermion, related to area-preserving deformations of the elementary droplet built up from electrons and correlation holes. In addition to providing a suitable static structure factor, our model also gives the expected Wen-Zee shift and a Hall conductivity that manifests Galilean invariance. We show that the charge density in the model satisfies the long-wavelength version of the Girvin-MacDonald-Platzman algebra.
description: Accepted version to Physical Review Research, added a derivation of Haldane bound using lowest Landau level Ward's identities,comments are welcome!
Adoption and Suitability of Software Development Methods and Practices
Creators: name: Licorish, Sherlock A.
name: Holvitie, Johannes
name: Hyrynsalmi, Sami
name: Leppänen, Ville
name: Spínola, Rodrigo O.
name: Mendes, Thiago S.
name: MacDonell, Stephen G.
name: Buchan, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In seeking to complement consultants' and tool vendors' reports, there has been an increasing academic focus on understanding the adoption and use of software development methods and practices. We surveyed practitioners working in Brazil, Finland, and New Zealand in a transnational study to contribute to these efforts. Among our findings we observed that most of the 184 practitioners in our sample focused on a small portfolio of projects that were of short duration. In addition, Scrum and Kanban were used most; however, some practitioners also used conventional methods. Coding Standards, Simple Design and Refactoring were used most by practitioners, and these practices were held to be largely suitable for project and process management. Our evidence points to the need to properly understand and support a wide range of software methods.
description: Conference Paper, 5 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Optical properties of 4 A single-walled carbon nanotubes inside the zeolite channels studied from first principles calculations
Creators: name: Yang, X. P.
name: Weng, H. M.
name: Dong, Jinming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural, electronic, and optical properties of 4 A single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) contained inside the zeolite channels have been studied based upon the density-functional theory in the local-density approximation (LDA). Our calculated results indicate that the relaxed geometrical structures for the smallest SWNTs in the zeolite channels are much different from those of the ideal isolated SWNTs, producing a great effect on their physical properties. It is found that all three kinds of 4 A SWNTs can possibly exist inside the Zeolite channels. Especially, as an example, we have also studied the coupling effect between the ALPO_4-5 zeolite and the tube (5,0) inside it, and found that the zeolite has real effects on the electronic structure and optical properties of the inside (5,0) tube.
description: 9 pages, 6figures
NORMATIZAÇÃO CONTÁBIL: ENSAIO SOBRE SUA EVOLUÇÃO E O PAPEL DO CPC
Creators: name: Martins, Eliseu
name: Martins, Vinícius A.
name: Martins, Éric A.
Publisher: name: Revista de Informação Contábil
Year: 2007
Subjects: contabilidade; normas contábeis; regulação

description: Nos países do direito romano (code ou civil law), o processo de normatização sempre foi a partir da lei, de cima para baixo, com pouca participação do profissional de contabilidade e menos ainda dos usuários da informação contábil; sempre privilegiou o credor, o fisco, o princípio do conservadorismo, a prevalência da forma e da orientação por meio do máximo de regras possível. Nos do direito consuetudinário (common law), o processo de normatização começou a partir dos profissionais de contabilidade, posteriormente passando a ter forte participação dos usuários (principalmente analistas), da academia, das empresas; sempre privilegiou o investidor em ações, o princípio da competência, a prevalência da essência econômica sobre a forma jurídica e a orientação com base em princípios e não em regras. Na década de 70 criaram-se o FASB nos EUA e o IASC (hoje IASB) na Europa, e este último, com o objetivo de ser internacional, apesar de ter sido criado para fazer frente ao primeiro, adotou, e até com maior grau do que aquele, toda a filosofia básica dos países anglo-saxônicos: prevalência da essência sobre a forma, fundamento no conceito econômico o mais possível, normas com base em princípios etc. Com o apoio da IOSCO e da União Européia, alastra-se hoje sua influência total ou parcialmente por mais de 100 países. O Brasil está muito atrasado, mesmo comparativamente aos países emergentes, mantendo processo normativo contábil com base no code law, mas tentando seguir a filosofia contábil da common law. Recentemente, o governo federal tomou a iniciativa de apoiar um movimento privado de há praticamente duas décadas e deu força, formal e informalmente, à criação do CPC – Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis, órgão de direito privado formado por: ABRASCA, APIMEC, BOVESPA, CFC, FIPECAFI e IBRACON. Tem esse órgão, que ainda conta com participação ativa do Banco Central, da CVM, da SUSEP e da Receita Federal, o objetivo de centralização do processo de emissão de pronunciamentos contábeis, fornecendo material a se transformar em normas contábeis pelos órgãos reguladores próprios. O governo ainda deu força para a aprovação do Projeto de Lei no 3741/2000 já que possui características sem as quais será impossível o pleno desenvolvimento das normas contábeis brasileiras rumo às do IASB, já que esse passou a ser o objetivo do governo e de todas essas entidades citadas.
description: Revista de Informação Contábil, v. 1, n. 1 (2007): RIC/UFPE - Revista de Informação Contábil
Preferred stock financing
Creators: name: Wong, Chuk-Yan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This paper uses the multinomial logit model to investigate the corporate financing choice among bonds, preferred stock, and common stock. The empirical evidence suggests that firms issuing preferred stock are characterized by a number of financial attributes. Compared to firms that issue bonds, firms that issue preferred stock are smaller, less liquid, and riskier. Compared to firms that issue common stock, firms that issue preferred stock are bigger, less liquid, riskier, and having larger growth opportunities. In addition, the results suggest that an industry difference exists in the choice between common stock and preferred stock. Utilities tend to favor the use of the former. The results also lend partial support to the financial distress hypothesis which holds that financially distressed firms are more likely to issue preferred stock. In addition, the empirical evidence is also consistent with the solution to adverse investment incentives hypothesis which states that firms can use preferred stock to eliminate the over- and under-investment incentives caused by common equity and debt financing. Although the results are generally mixed, they do provide some valuable information about the characteristics of the firms that issue preferred stock.
New $X_{0,1}(2900)$-like exotic states in $b$-baryon decays
Creators: name: Hsiao, Yu-Kuo
name: Yu, Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the $B^+\to D^+ D^-K^+$ decay, LHCb has reported the observation of the open-charm exotic states $X_{0,1}^0\equiv X_{0,1}(2900)^0$ with four different quark flavors~$(ud\bar s \bar c)$, where the subscripts (0,1) denote the spins. To confirm the discovery, we propose $Λ_b\to Σ_c^{0(++)} X_{0,1}^{\prime\,0(--)}$ in the final state interaction, where $X_{0,1}^{\prime\,0(--)}$ with $s u\bar d \bar c$ ($ds\bar u \bar c$) are the new $X_{0,1}$-like exotic states. More specifically, $Λ_c^+D_s^-$ in $Λ_b\to Λ_c^+D_s^-$ are transformed as $Σ_c^{0(++)} X_{0,1}^{\prime\,0(--)}$, by exchanging $π^{+(-)}$. As the order of magnitude estimates, we calculate ${\cal B}(Λ_b\to Σ_c^{0(++)} X_{0,1}^{\prime\,0(--)}) =(2.3\pm 0.6,4.3\pm 0.8^{+3.3}_{-2.5})\times 10^{-4}$. In addition, we estimate other $b$-baryon decays with the $X_{0,1}$-like states, such as ${\cal B}(Ξ_{b}^{0(-)}\to Ξ_{c}^{0(+)}(2645)X_{0}^{\prime\,0(--)}, Λ_{b}\to Ξ_{c}^{\prime\,0}X_{0,1}^{0})\sim 10^{-5}$. While one needs $Λ_b\to Σ_c^{0(++)}M_c M$ to observe $X_{0,1}^{\prime\,0(--)}\to M_c M$ with $M_c M=D_s^-π^+$, $\bar D^0 \bar K^0$ $(D_s^-π^-$, $D^-K^-)$, ${\cal B}(Λ_b\to Σ_c^{0(++)} X_{0,1}^{\prime\,0(--)}, X_{0,1}^{\prime\,0(--)}\to M_c M)\sim 10^{-4}$ are accessible to the LHCb experiment.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in PRD
CONTABILIDADE DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL: ESTUDO SOBRE AS FORMAS DE MENSURAÇÃO E RECONHECIMENTO DE RESULTADOS
Creators: name: Ferreira, Amélia Rodrigues
name: Theóphilo, Carlos Renato
Publisher: name: Revista de Informação Contábil
Year: 2007
Subjects: contabilidade; construção civil; mensuração de resultados; evidenciação

description: A construção civil está inserida em um pequeno segmento da economia no qual a elaboração do produto, bem como o recebimento integral pela negociação dele, demandam um período superior a um exercício social. Este trabalho teve como propósito buscar conhecimento sobre a Contabilidade nas empresas de construção civil, em seus aspectos quantitativos e formas de reconhecimento de receitas e despesas. Para tanto, foram reunidos estudos de conceitos teóricos sobre a Contabilidade de empresas de construção civil, observados os Princípios Fundamentais da Contabilidade, Normas e Práticas Contábeis, além da Legislação Tributária Brasileira, em comparação com a prática realizada por uma empresa desse segmento, atuante na cidade de Montes Claros, estado de Minas Gerais. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi o estudo de caso, com emprego de múltiplas técnicas de coleta de dados: observação, análise documental e entrevistas não estruturadas. Os resultados do estudo apontam para uma importante melhoria no potencial informativo das demonstrações contábeis da empresa, quando essas foram reformuladas com a adoção de concepções voltadas a espelhar a essência de sua situação econômico-financeira.
description: Revista de Informação Contábil, v. 1, n. 1 (2007): RIC/UFPE - Revista de Informação Contábil