cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Karadjordjević, Peter I.
title: Karadjordjević, Peter I.
Creators: name: Denda, Dalibor
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Peter [I., Serbien, König]
subject: Petar I Karađorđević, King of Serbia, 1844-1921

description: Peter I Karadjordjević was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918, and King of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921. He also translated the essay “On Liberty” by John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) into Serbian.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
„Unsichtbare Kirche“ : das Kirchenverständnis Martin Luthers und sein ökumenisches Potenzial heute
Creators: name: Zobel, Florian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 230

description: Die größten Unterschiede zwischen der römisch-katholischen Kirche und der lutherischen Kirche sind gegenwärtig im Bereich des Kirchenverständnisses zu finden. Nach der Gemeinsamen Erklärung zur Rechtfertigungslehre von 1999 steht der katholisch-lutherische Dialog vor der Herausforderung nach Wegen der Verständigung in der Ekklesiologie zu suchen. Das schließt auch das Sakraments- und Amtsverständnis ein. Martin Luther hat im Jahr 1520 den Begriff der „unsichtbaren Kirche“ aufgenommen und in ein differenziertes Verhältnis zu seiner reformatorischen Theologie gesetzt. Die vorliegende Dissertation geht diesem Begriff nach. Dabei stehen drei prominente Schriften Luthers aus dem Sommer des Jahres 1520 im Zentrum der Analyse. Weiterhin fragt die Arbeit nach Verknüpfungen und Anschlusswegen in die Gegenwart. Es wird gezeigt, inwiefern Luthers Kirchenverständnis den ökumenischen Dialog voranbringen kann. Chancen liegen demnach hauptsächlich in der Liturgie, z.B. in einer ökm. Gottesdienstpraxis.
description: The greatest differences between the Roman Catholic Church and the Lutheran Church can currently be found in the field of ecclesiology. Following the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification from 1999, the Catholic-Lutheran dialogue is confronted with the challenge of seeking ways to reconcile the doctrines of the Church. This also includes the doctrines of sacraments and ministry. In 1520, Martin Luther took up the idea of the "invisible church" (ecclesia invisibilis) and placed it in a nuanced relationship to his Reformation Theology. This dissertation examines the concept. The analysis focuses on three prominent texts by Luther from the summer of 1520. Furthermore, the dissertation explores links and connections to the present. It is shown to what extent Luther's ecclesiology can advance ecumenical dialogue. Opportunities for this lie mainly in the liturgy, e.g. in ecumenical services.
title: Music
title: Music
Creators: name: Okada, Akeo
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Musik
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Music

description: The First World War fundamentally changed the course of 20th century music. The era of late Romanticism, Symbolism and Expressionism had ended, the music culture of the European high bourgeoisie had begun to decline, and after the war American popular music became important. The use of music as propaganda also had roots in the First World War.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Extended Initiality for Typed Abstract Syntax
Creators: name: Ahrens, Benedikt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.1, F.4.3

description: Initial Semantics aims at interpreting the syntax associated to a signature as the initial object of some category of 'models', yielding induction and recursion principles for abstract syntax. Zsidó proves an initiality result for simply-typed syntax: given a signature S, the abstract syntax associated to S constitutes the initial object in a category of models of S in monads. However, the iteration principle her theorem provides only accounts for translations between two languages over a fixed set of object types. We generalize Zsidó's notion of model such that object types may vary, yielding a larger category, while preserving initiality of the syntax therein. Thus we obtain an extended initiality theorem for typed abstract syntax, in which translations between terms over different types can be specified via the associated category-theoretic iteration operator as an initial morphism. Our definitions ensure that translations specified via initiality are type-safe, i.e. compatible with the typing in the source and target language in the obvious sense. Our main example is given via the propositions-as-types paradigm: we specify propositions and inference rules of classical and intuitionistic propositional logics through their respective typed signatures. Afterwards we use the category--theoretic iteration operator to specify a double negation translation from the former to the latter. A second example is given by the signature of PCF. For this particular case, we formalize the theorem in the proof assistant Coq. Afterwards we specify, via the category-theoretic iteration operator, translations from PCF to the untyped lambda calculus.
Intellectual Emancipation and Embodiment in Early Mathematics Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Shimeng
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: intellectual emancipation, embodiment, mathematics learning, emergent bilinguals, agency, education equity, design for learning, temporal-spatial configuration
subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Education--Elementary
subject: Education--Mathematics

description: When mathematics language is defined narrowly, emergent bilinguals in classrooms could be systematically positioned as “learners of deficiency.” Recent scholarships in the field of learning sciences call for expanding the notion of mathematics language and scrutinising learning opportunities of emergent bilinguals in relation to the history and institutional spaces. Taking a holistic and critical perspective, this study draws from Rancière’s notion of intellectual emancipation as the leverage for emergent bilinguals’ agency in mathematics learning. My study was situated in a larger project conducted in a linguistically and racially diverse school in Western Canada. Together with a teacher, the research team altered temporal-spatial structure of the mathematics classroom that can mobilize learners’ bodies in an intellectually emancipatory manner. My analysis focused on classroom discourses and emergent bilinguals’ agency in different configurations of learning environment. My findings show, in the routine session, the teacher’s intelligence and will prevailed over that of students, thus the Initiation-Response-Evaluation (IRE) or Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) sequences were quickly completed and the discourses alternative to the pre-set plan were discouraged. The narrow space that configured the routine session also constrained the mathematics thinking mediated by bodies to a minimal level. The teacher’s monitoring of students’ physical movements further tightened the control over learner bodies. In this learning environment, the mathematical thinking and learning tended to be compressed to unidirectional acquirement. Conversely, in the designed session, the teacher’s will and students’ intelligence took the lead. Temporal structure of classroom discourse was thinned out to the expanded intervals between teacher utterance and student utterances, and even with the absence of “evaluation” in the sequence of IRE/F. The previously restrictive area in the school was transformed to a place that augments the embodied mathematics learning. Temporally and spatially, the designed sessions were expanded and offered more uncertainty and spontaneity due to the decreased control of the teacher as an explicator. In this context, mathematics pedagogy offered a complex system of iterative adaptation and decentralized learning. Based on these findings, I discuss how integrating embodied learning and the perspective of intellectual emancipation can address equity issues in early mathematics education.
Übereinstimmung verschiedener Messverfahren zur mediastinalen Tumorvolumenbestimmung beim Hodgkin-Lymphom im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Creators: name: Taufer, Susanne
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Mediastinale Tumorvolumina werden beim pädiatrischen Hodgkin-Lymphom zur Unterscheidung von frühen und fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadien und in einigen Protokollen zur Zuordnung von Patienten zu Therapiegruppen herangezogen. Für die onkologische Therapieverlaufsevaluierung existieren verschiedene Richtlinien auf der Grundlage der Bestimmung von einem, zwei oder drei senkrechten Durchmessern. Es wurden CT-Studien von 202 Patienten der EuroNet-PHL-C1-Studie mit mediastinaler Beteiligung ausgewertet und die Übereinstimmung dieser Alternativmethoden gegenüber der dreidimensionalen Segmentierung als Referenzstandard für die Berechnung des Tumorvolumens bewertet. Das Tumorvolumen wurde durch die Ellipsoid-Methode um durchschnittlich etwa 17% unterschätzt und durch die Cheson- und RECIST-Methode nach Transformation in entsprechende Tumorvolumina überschätzt (24% und 1200%). Alle Alternativmethoden überschätzten die Tumorvolumenreduktion im Mittel leicht (Ellipsoid 5%, Cheson 6%, RECIST 3%).
description: Mediastinal tumor volumes in pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma are used in distinguishing early and advanced disease and in some protocols to assign patients into treatment groups. According to the clinical trial various recommendations and guidelines exist for evaluating tumor size during therapy based on determining one, two or three perpendicular diameters. CT studies in 202 patients of the EuroNet-PHL-C1 trial with mediastinal involvement were evaluated and the accuracy of these surrogate methods against three-dimensional segmentation as reference standard for calculating initial tumor volume and relative tumor volume reduction under therapy was compared. Tumor volume was underestimated by Ellipsoid method by an average of about 17% and overestimated by Cheson- and RECIST method after Transformation into corresponding tumor volumes (24% and 1200%). All surrogate measures essentially agreed on relative tumor volume reduction with tendency to slight overestimation (Ellipsoid 5%, Cheson 6%, RECIST 3%).
On uniform convergence of Fourier series
Creators: name: Lebedev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the space $U(\mathbb T)$ of all continuous functions on the circle $\mathbb T$ with uniformly convergent Fourier series. We show that if $φ: \mathbb T\rightarrow\mathbb T$ is a continuous piecewise linear but not linear map, then $\|e^{inφ}\|_{U(\mathbb T)}\simeq\log n$.
title: Nitrate
title: Nitrate
Creators: name: Bastias Saavedra, Manuel
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chile
subject: Nitrate
subject: Chile saltpeter industry

description: Until 1914 natural nitrates were the most important source for the production of fertilizers and explosives. Beginning in 1883, the main nitrate reservoirs were controlled by Chile, which produced almost 80 percent of world nitrogen. The First World War spurred Germany to develop synthetic nitrogen, which ended Chile’s monopoly of world nitrates.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Panama and Panama Canal
title: Panama and Panama Canal
Creators: name: Schuster, Sven
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Panamakanal
subject: Panama Canal (Panama)--History

description: This article focuses on the construction of the Panama Canal as a prelude to World War I. Special attention is paid to U.S. interventions in Central America, the war’s impact on Panama itself and, finally, the geostrategic importance of the canal after the country’s decision to go to war against Germany on 7 April 1917.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
How to share underground reservoirs
Creators: name: Schrenk, K. J.
name: Araújo, N. A. M.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many resources, such as oil, gas, or water, are extracted from porous soils and their exploration is often shared among different companies or nations. We show that the effective shares can be obtained by invading the porous medium simultaneously with various fluids. Partitioning a volume in two parts requires one division surface while the simultaneous boundary between three parts consists of lines. We identify and characterize these lines, showing that they form a fractal set consisting of a single thread spanning the medium and a surrounding cloud of loops. While the spanning thread has fractal dimension ${1.55\pm0.03}$, the set of all lines has dimension ${1.69\pm0.02}$. The size distribution of the loops follows a power law and the evolution of the set of lines exhibits a tricritical point described by a crossover with a negative dimension at criticality.
MOOC4Slav: Ficheiros texto Módulo 1
Creators: name: Inovacao_educativa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: MOOC4Slav
B2
B1
C1
Textos
Pronúncia
Língua portuguesa

description: Ficheiros texto do MOOC4Slav Módulo 1 contendo: Texto sobre o sistema de ensino português; Grelha para comparação da pronúncia.
Measurements of the electron and muon inclusive cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This letter presents measurements of the differential cross-sections for inclusive electron and muon production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The muon cross-section is measured as a function of pT in the range 4 < pT < 100 GeV and within pseudorapidity |eta| < 2.5. In addition the electron and muon cross-sections are measured in the range 7 < pT < 26 GeV and within |eta| <2.0, excluding 1.37
description: 25 pages plus author list (53 pages total), 4 figures, 4 tables, final version to appear in Physics Letters B
title: Polish Army in France
title: Polish Army in France
Creators: name: Centek, Jarosław
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Frankreich
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Polen
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Poland
subject: World War, 1914-1918--France

description: The Bayonne Company was the first Polish unit in France, formed in 1914 as a unit of the French Foreign Legion. The Polish Army in France was created in June 1917 and consisted of volunteers. After the war it was relocated to Poland.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Polish National Units in Russia
title: Polish National Units in Russia
Creators: name: Brudek, Paweł
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Polen
subject: Armee
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Poland
subject: Regimental histories

description: The Polish Army was born out of the chaos of revolutionary Russia. The Russian authorities accepted its establishment, and later the army sought an agreement with the occupying Germans. Polish units found themselves in a complicated legal and military situation, subjected to the political strategies and suspicions of Germans and Bolsheviks.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Marianne Williamson's Educational Mission: Curriculum for Ending Suffering
Creators: name: Fisher, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2020
Subjects: Marianne Williamson, presidential election, USA politics, education, fear, fearlessness, enlightenment curriculum, pedagogy

description: text as original form
description: The following non-fiction fiction dialogue with Marianne Williamson and the author is an exploration of some of Williamson’s treasured notions of what a good quality education should be. The author believes that it is important to understand the mission of Marianne Williamson’s spiritual and political activism through the lens of her work as an adult educator and emancipatory leader in the broadest sense. She offers an important, often unnoticed, voice today in the field of Education.
From percolating to dense random stick networks: Conductivity model investigation
Creators: name: Žeželj, Milan
name: Stanković, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a Monte Carlo study the conductivity of two-dimensional random stick systems is investigated from the percolation threshold up to ten times the percolation threshold density. We propose a model explicitly depending on the stick density and junction-to-stick conductance ratio. The model describes the transition from the conductivity determined by the structure of a percolating cluster to the conductivity of the dense random stick networks. The model is motivated by the observed densities of the sticks and contacts involved in the current flow. The finite-size scaling effects are also included in the description. The derived model for conductivity should be broadly applicable to the random networks of the rodlike particles.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
A thin Si nanowire network anode for high volumetric capacity and long-life lithium-ion batteries
Creators: name: Aminu, Ibrahim Saana
name: Imtiaz, Sumair
name: GEANEY, HUGH
name: KENNEDY, TADHG
name: Kapuria, Nilotpal
name: SINGH, SHALINI
name: RYAN, KEVIN M.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Silicon nanowires (Si NWs) have been widely researched as the best alternative to graphite anodes for the next-generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high capacity and low discharge potential. However, growing binder-free Si NW anodes with adequate mass loading and stable capacity is severely limited by the low surface area of planar current collectors (CCs), and is particularly challenging to achieve on standard pure-Cu substrates due to the ubiquitous formation of Li+ inactive silicide phases. Here, the growth of densely-interwoven In-seeded Si NWs is facilitated by a thin-film of copper-silicide (CS) network in situ grown on a Cu-foil, allowing for a thin active NW layer (<10 µm thick) and high areal loading ( ≈ 1.04 mg/cm2) binder-free electrode architecture. The electrode exhibits an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of > 99.6% and stable performance for > 900 cycles with ≈ 88.7% capacity retention. More significantly, it delivers a volumetric capacity of ≈ 1086.1 mA h/cm3 at 5C. The full-cell versus lithium manganese oxide (LMO) cathode delivers a capacity of ≈ 1177.1 mA h/g at 1C with a stable rate capability. This electrode architecture represents significant advances toward the development of binder-free Si NW electrodes for LIB application.
Supplementary analyses and additional figures and tables from Heterogeneity in killing efficacy of individual effector CD8 + T cells against Plasmodium liver stages
Creators: name: Bera, Soumen
name: Amino, Rogerio
name: Cockburn, Ian A.
name: Ganusov, Vitaly V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 320499
subject: Immunology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 490102
subject: Biological mathematics

description: Vaccination strategies in mice inducing high numbers of memory CD8 + T cells specific to a single epitope are able to provide sterilizing protection against infection with Plasmodium sporozoites. We have recently found that Plasmodium-specific CD8 + T cells cluster around sporozoite-infected hepatocytes but whether such clusters are important in elimination of the parasite remains incompletely understood. Here, we used our previously generated data in which we employed intravital microscopy to longitudinally image 32 green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Plasmodium yoelii parasites in livers of mice that had received activated Plasmodium-specific CD8 + T cells after sporozoite infection. We found significant heterogeneity in the dynamics of the normalized GFP signal from the parasites (termed ‘vitality index’ or VI) that was weakly correlated with the number of T cells near the parasite. We also found that a simple model assuming mass-action, additive killing by T cells well describes the VI dynamics for most parasites and predicts a highly variable killing efficacy by individual T cells. Given our estimated median per capita kill rate of k = 0.031/h we predict that a single T cell is typically incapable of killing a parasite within the 48 h lifespan of the liver stage in mice. Stochastic simulations of T cell clustering and killing of the liver stage also suggested that: (i) three or more T cells per infected hepatocyte are required to ensure sterilizing protection; (ii) both variability in killing efficacy of individual T cells and resistance to killing by individual parasites may contribute to the observed variability in VI decline, and (iii) the stable VI of some clustered parasites cannot be explained by measurement noise. Taken together, our analysis for the first time provides estimates of efficiency at which individual CD8 + T cells eliminate intracellular parasitic infection in vivo.
Gauge-Higgs Unification In Spontaneously Created Fuzzy Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Furuuchi, Kazuyuki
name: Inami, Takeo
name: Okuyama, Kazumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose gauge-Higgs unification in fuzzy extra dimensions as a possible solution to the Higgs naturalness problem. In our approach, the fuzzy extra dimensions are created spontaneously as a vacuum solution of certain four-dimensional gauge theory. As an example, we construct a model which has a fuzzy torus as its vacuum. The Higgs field in our model is associated with the Wilson loop wrapped on the fuzzy torus. We show that the quadratic divergence in the mass of the Higgs field in the one-loop effective potential is absent. We then argue based on symmetries that the quantum corrections to the Higgs mass is suppressed including all loop contributions. We also consider a realization on the worldvolume theory of D3-branes probing $C^3/(Z_N \times Z_N)$ orbifold with discrete torsion.
description: 1+38 pages, 4 figures v2: refs added
Task rule and choice are reflected by layer-specific processing in rodent auditory cortical microcircuits
Creators: name: Zempeltzi, Maria
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Tierphysiologie
subject: Auditory cortex
subject: Sensory processing
subject: Current source density (CSD)
subject: 500

description: The primary auditory cortex (A1) is an essential node in the integrative brain network that encodes the behavioral relevance of acoustic stimuli, predictions, and auditory-guided decision making. Previous studies have revealed task-related information being present at both the single-unit and population activity. However, its realization with respect to the cortical microcircuitry is less well understood. In this study, we used chronic, laminar current source density (CSD) analysis from the A1 of behaving Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) in order to characterize layer-specific, spatiotemporal synaptic population activity. Animals were trained to first detect and subsequently to discriminate two pure tone frequencies in consecutive training phases in a Go/NoGo shuttle-box task. We demonstrate that not only sensory but also task- and choice-related information is represented in the mesoscopic neuronal population code distributed across cortical layers. Based on a single-trial analysis using generalized linear-mixed effect models (GLMM), we found infragranular layers to be involved in auditory-guided action initiation during tone detection. Supragranular layers, particularly, are involved in the coding of choice options during tone discrimination. Further, we found that the overall columnar synaptic network activity represents the accuracy of the opted choice. Moreover, cognitive flexibility was represented in the A1 during multiple reversal of choice-outcome contingency task. During those cognitive processes, the infragranular layer VI continuously updates the network in order to optimize of the discrimination performance, while the supragranular layers promote the choice accuracy, especially at states with higher task-engagement and performance. Our study thereby suggests a multiplexed cortical representation of stimulus features in dependence of the task, action selection, and the behavioral options of the animal in preparation of correct choices. The findings expand our understanding of how individual layers contribute to the integrative circuit of the A1 in order to code task-relevant information and guide sensory-based decision making.
Testing sequential quantum measurements: how can maximal knowledge be extracted?
Creators: name: Nagali, Eleonora
name: Felicetti, Simone
name: de Assis, Pierre-Louis
name: D'Ambrosio, Vincenzo
name: Filip, Radim
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extraction of information from a quantum system unavoidably implies a modification of the measured system itself. It has been demonstrated recently that partial measurements can be carried out in order to extract only a portion of the information encoded in a quantum system, at the cost of inducing a limited amount of disturbance. Here we analyze experimentally the dynamics of sequential partial measurements carried out on a quantum system, focusing on the trade-off between the maximal information extractable and the disturbance. In particular we consider two different regimes of measurement, demonstrating that, by exploiting an adaptive strategy, an optimal trade-off between the two quantities can be found, as observed in a single measurement process. Such experimental result, achieved for two sequential measurements, can be extended to N measurement processes.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Polish-Lithuanian Border Conflict
title: Polish-Lithuanian Border Conflict
Creators: name: Laurinavičius, Česlovas
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Litauen
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Territorial questions--Lithuania

description: The Polish-Lithuanian border conflict (1914-1924) was a consequence of the processes of modernisation and the course of the First World War. Following the creation of the states of Lithuania and Poland after the war, the latent conflict between them became military and diplomatic. The strategic dividing line between them was the Nemunas River, while the main flashpoints were the regions of Suwałki, Vilnius, and Klaipėda.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Railways (Russian Empire)
title: Railways (Russian Empire)
Creators: name: Cvetkovski, Roland
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Russland
subject: Eisenbahn
subject: Geschichte
subject: Russia--Armed Forces
subject: Transportation

description: Vast land area, sparse population density, inconsistent tsarist policy, and underdeveloped industry prevented Russian railroads from growth before and during the First World War. In 1913 the general staff elaborated a plan to improve the railway system, but outside circumstances doomed this expansion to failure. Even though the railroads’ capacity grew in absolute terms, their efficiency conversely diminished during the war and revolution.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Recent progress on the Random Conductance Model
Creators: name: Biskup, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K37, 60F17, 60J45, 82B43, 80M40

description: Recent progress on the understanding of the Random Conductance Model is reviewed and commented. A particular emphasis is on the results on the scaling limit of the random walk among random conductances for almost every realization of the environment, observations on the behavior of the effective resistance as well as the scaling limit of certain models of gradient fields with non-convex interactions. The text is an expanded version of the lecture notes for a course delivered at the 2011 Cornell Summer School on Probability.
description: 80 pages, version published in Prob. Surveys
Evaluation of Mycosphaerella impact on eucalypts plantations in Portugal
Creators: name: Silva, Márcia
name: Valente, Carlos
name: Neves, Lucinda
name: Machado, Helena
Publisher: name: Revista de Ciências Agrárias
Year: 2018

description: Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) is one of the most important diseases of eucalypts plantations worldwide. However, only recently it has become relevant in Portugal. Caused by a complex of Mycosphaerella species, this disease reduces the photosynthetic area and can cause tree defoliation. In extreme cases it causes reduction in the volume of wood produced. In order to relate the observed symptoms of MLD with the presence of the pathogen and at the same time obtaining an evaluation of eucalypt clones and family susceptibility, two experimental plantations were established in places where the disease has been detected. Data on the percentage of affected crown (necrosis or defoliation) were collected and some of the Mycosphaerella species present were identified (M. africana, M. communis, M. grandis, M. lateralis, M. marksii, M. nubilosa, M. parva, M. vespa and M. walkeri).
description: Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 31 n.º 2 (2008)
Tropidophora zanguebarica
Creators: name: Muratov, Igor V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Pomatiidae
Tropidophora
Tropidophora zanguebarica

description: Tropidophora zanguebarica (Petit, 1850)
Figs 8, 57
 Cyclostoma zanguebarica: Petit 1850: 53, pl. 3, fig. 5 (Ile de Zanzibar; 10–12 × 10–12 mm).
 Recorded from all three stations on Cabo Delgado, with a general coastal distribution from Kenya to Mozambique. Its relations with T. letourneuxi (Ancey in Bourguignat, 1887) should be re-evaluated (see remarks in Rowson 2007: 432). I prefer to use the earlier name here since variability of the shells from Cabo Delgado allows the application of both names. Resembles a small T. insularis but, unlike that species, co-occurs with T. ligata. Possibly just a coastal variation of T. insularis with size variability from 10.5×10.5 to 13.0×12.0 mm at a single locality.
description: Published as part of Muratov, Igor V., 2010, Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of north-eastern Mozambique, pp. 255 in African Invertebrates 51 (2) on page 263, DOI: 10.5733/afin.051.0203, http://zenodo.org/record/10268367
Active exploration of training data for improved object detection
Creators: name: Okuma, Kenji
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis concerns the problem of object detection, which is defined as finding all instances of an object class of interest and fitting each of them with a tight bounding window. This seemingly easy task for humans is still extremely difficult for machines. However, recent advances in object detection have enabled machines to categorize many classes of objects. Statistical models are often used for representing an object class of interest. These models learn from extensive training sets and generalize with low error rates to unseen data in a highly generic manner. But, these statistical methods have a major drawback in that they require a large amount of training data. We approach this problem by making the process of acquiring labels less tedious and less costly by reducing human labelling effort. Throughout this thesis, we explore means of efficient label acquisition for realizing cheaper training, faster development time, and higher-performance of object detectors. We use active learning with our novel interface to combine machine intelligence with human interventions, and effectively improve a state-of-the-art classifier by using additional unlabelled images from the Web. As the approach relies on a small amount of label input from a human oracle, there is still room to further reduce the amount of human effort. An ideal solution is, if possible, to have no humans involved in labelling novel data. Given a sparsely labelled video that contains very few labels, our novel self-learning approach achieves automatic acquisition of additional labels from the unlabelled portion of the video. Our approach combines colour segmentation, object detection and tracking in order to discover potential labels from novel data. We empirically show that our self-learning approach improves the performance of models that detect players in broadcast footage of sports games.
title: Pre-war Military Planning (South East Europe)
title: Pre-war Military Planning (South East Europe)
Creators: name: Tasić, Dmitar
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Südosteuropa
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Vorgeschichte
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Balkan Peninsula
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Causes

description: Nations of South East Europe had just ended a short but very intense period of war when, one by one, they became involved in global conflict. Some were forced in while others were attracted by opportunities to change their position and enlarge their territories. One of the main characteristics of this period is that while previous conflicts were continued, they were closely interconnected with the goals of the Great Powers.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Incidence of downy mildew Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curtis ex. de Bary) Berl. et de Toni in Terceira island, Azores
Creators: name: Zorman, Matej
name: Horta Lopes, David João
name: Martins, Jorge Oliveira
name: Prendes, Carmelo
name: Lorenzo, Carmen Dias
name: Cabrera, Raimundo
Publisher: name: Revista de Ciências Agrárias
Year: 2018

description: Downy mildew is one of the most economically important disease affecting vine production in Terceira island, Azores. By its incidence, frequency and quantity of pathogens, supported with favourable temperate humid climate conditions, this disease is difficult to control in terms of sustainable integrated plant protection policy. The objectives of INTERFRUTA project were to determine the incidence of the disease, to better understand it and to adopt an adequate forecasting model with necessary adjustments to predict the disease appearance and its in-time integrated plant protection control measures. Plasmopara viticola was directly observed in two weeks time periods on seven representative vineyards at different altitudes. Three of the monitored plots were established during study inside one plantation. Incidence was registered as result of visual symptoms in percentage, where 10% of plants in each vineyard were observed. Seasonal evolution of the disease was studied in one of the wine producing area.
description: Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 31 n.º 2 (2008)
title: Refugees (Russian Empire)
title: Refugees (Russian Empire)
Creators: name: Peeling, Siobhan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Russland
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Flüchtling
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Refugees
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Russia

description: German and Austrian advances in 1914 and 1915, together with policies of the Russian military authorities, created millions of refugees in the Russian empire. These refugees suffered immense hardship but received aid from private organisations and local self-government bodies (''zemstvos''). Refugees also formed their own relief committees along national lines.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Soldiers' Humour
title: Soldiers' Humour
Creators: name: Watson, Alexander
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Humor
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Humor

description: Soldier’s humour, as expressed in jokes, songs and slang, reflected a dark, ironic and sardonic mind-set common among combatants. It usually contributed to individual psychological resilience, group bonding and unit cohesion. However, it could also act as a subversive influence undermining military organisations.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Spanish Intelligence
title: Spanish Intelligence
Creators: name: García Sanz, Carolina
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Spanien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Geheimdienst
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Spain
subject: Secret service

description: Spain became a centre of international espionage in 1914. Its strategic location in terms of the Anglo-French trade soon attracted German attention. The Germans waged an economic and propaganda war against the Allies from Spain, while the British took advantage of the Gibraltar Intelligence Centre. The French and Italian intelligence networks also spread out around Spain.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Dipole Coupling Effect of Holographic Fermion in Charged Dilatonic Gravity
Creators: name: Wen, Wen-Yu
name: Wu, Shang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, we study the dipole coupling effect of holographic fermion in a charged dilatonic black hole proposed by Gubser and Rocha (arXiv:0911.2898). It is found that the property of Fermi liquid is rigid under perturbation of dipole coupling, and the Fermi momentum is linearly shifted. A gap is dynamically generated as the coupling becomes large enough and the Fermi surface ceases to exist as the bulk dipole coupling further increases.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, revtex4
title: Spanish Neutrality
title: Spanish Neutrality
Creators: name: García Sanz, Carolina
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Spanien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Neutralität
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Spain
subject: Neutrality

description: The Spanish government maintained a benevolent neutrality policy towards the Entente Powers during the First World War. Liberal and Conservative cabinets decided it was the only position consistent with their country's traditionally friendly relations with Great Britain and France.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Monomial patterns in polynomial optimization
Creators: name: Peters, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Angewandte Mathematik
subject: 519.6

description: Convexification is a core technique in global polynomial optimization, which is used to generate convex relaxations of a polynomial optimization problem (POP). These relaxations in turn allow to compute bounds on the optimal value of a POP. Currently, there are two main convexification approaches competing in theory and practice: the approach of nonlinear programming and the approach based on positivity certificates from real algebra. The former is comparatively cheap from a computational point of view, but typically does not provide tight relaxations with respect to bounds for the original problem. The latter is typically computationally expensive, but provides tight relaxations. We embed both kinds of approaches into a unified framework of monomial relaxations. This framework of monomial relaxations is based on groups of exponents, which we call patterns. In order to build a relaxation, the POP is linearized by replacing each of its monomials with a monomial variable. Then the monomial variables that are indexed by the exponents of a pattern are linked by convex constraints. By identifying the appropriate patterns and their associated constraints, a variety of established convexification methods can be expressed within this framework. These include convexification methods based on sum-of-squares polynomials or nonnegative circuit polynomials as as well as multilinear envelopes. Within our framework we can freely combine the different patterns and their constraints. The combination of the different patterns allows to exploit the monomial structure of the polynomial problem. By selecting appropriate combinations of patterns we can trade off the quality of the bounds against computational expenses. Thus, it is possible to develop custom-made convexification strategies that are fitted to the problem structure and the demands of the user. Examples of different such strategies are given. Furthermore, we develop a new pattern type called truncated submonoid and determine the corresponding convex constraints. Different relaxations that are derived from combinations of patterns are numerically tested on self-generated benchmark instances. The computational experiments yield very encouraging results.
Collective Plasmonic-Molecular Modes in the Strong Coupling Regime
Creators: name: Salomon, Adi
name: Gordon, Robert J.
name: Prior, Yehiam
name: Seideman, Tamar
name: Sukharev, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate strong coupling between molecular excited states and surface plasmon modes of a slit array in a thin metal film. The coupling manifests itself as an anti-crossing behavior of the two newly formed polaritons. As the coupling strength grows, a new mode emerges, which is attributed to long range molecular interactions mediated by the plasmonic field. The new, molecular-like mode repels the polariton states, and leads to an opening of energy gaps both below and above the asymptotic free molecule energy.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRL
title: Stars and Stripes (newspaper)
title: Stars and Stripes (newspaper)
Creators: name: Akers, Joshua
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: USA
subject: Zeitung
subject: Frankreich
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Stars and stripes (Paris, France)

description: Based in Paris, the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) newspaper, ''Stars and Stripes,'' debuted on 8 February 1918 and ran for seventy-one weeks. The AEF commander, General John J. Pershing, requested the newspaper be established to improve morale in occupied France. The paper was written by and for servicemen.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Suppression of Star Formation in the central 200 kpc of a z = 1.4 Galaxy Cluster [Erratum added]
Creators: name: Grutzbauch, Ruth
name: Bauer, Amanda. E.
name: Jorgensen, Inger
name: Varela, Jesus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of an extended narrow-band Hα study of the massive galaxy cluster XMMU J2235.3-2557 at z = 1.39. This paper represents a follow up study to our previous investigation of star-formation in the cluster centre, extending our analysis out to a projected cluster radius of 1.5 Mpc. Using the Near InfraRed Imager and Spectrograph (NIRI) on Gemini North we obtained deep H narrow-band imaging corresponding to the rest-frame wavelength of Hα at the cluster's redshift. We identify a total of 163 potential cluster members in both pointings, excluding stars based on their near-IR colours derived from VLT/HAWK-I imaging. Of these 163 objects 14 are spectroscopically confirmed cluster members, and 20% are excess line-emitters. We find no evidence of star formation activity within a radius of 200 kpc of the brightest cluster galaxy in the cluster core. Dust-corrected star formation rates (SFR) of excess emitters outside this cluster quenching radius, RQ \sim 200 kpc, are on average = 2.7 \pm 1.0 M\odot yr-1, but do not show evidence of increasing star-formation rates toward the extreme 1.5 Mpc radius of the cluster. No individual cluster galaxy exceeds an SFR of 6 M\odot yr-1 . Massive galaxies (log M\ast /M\odot > 10.75) all have low specific SFRs (SSFRs, i.e. SFR per unit stellar mass). At fixed stellar mass, galaxies in the cluster centre have lower SSFRs than the rest of the cluster galaxies, which in turn have lower SSFRs than field galaxies at the same redshift by a factor of a few to 10. For the first time we can demonstrate through measurements of individual SFRs that already at very early epochs (at an age of the Universe of \sim4.5 Gyr) the suppression of star-formation is an effect of the cluster environment which persists at fixed galaxy stellar mass. [Erratum added after the original paper]
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. New version: Erratum added after the original paper (2 pages, 3 corrected figures). Due to an error in the original computation the SFR values had to be increased by a factor of 5. However, the results and conclusions remain largely unchanged