cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photoproduction of pion pairs at high energy and small angles
Creators: name: Gevorkyan, S.
name: Larin, I.
name: Miskimen, R.
name: Smith, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the photoproduction mechanisms for charged and neutral pion pairs off a heavy nucleus at threshold. We calculate the production of charged pairs in the Coulomb field of the nucleus in the Born approximation using explicit expressions for the differential cross sections and their connection with the total cross-section. The production of sigma mesons at threshold and their subsequent decay into pions is an important mechanism and is investigated quantitatively in a framework that can be used for both charged and neutral pions. Sigma mesons can be produced via electromagnetic (photon exchange) or strong (omega exchange) interactions. For neutral pions, another important production mechanism consists of the two-step process where charged pions are produced first and then charge exchange into two neutral pions. Differential and total cross sections are computed for each production mechanism.
Super-stretchable Elastomer from Cross-linked Ring Polymers
Creators: name: Wang, Jiuling
name: O'Connor, Thomas C.
name: Grest, Gary S.
name: Ge, Ting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stretchability of polymeric materials is critical to many applications such as stretchable electronics and soft robotics, yet the stretchability of conventional cross-linked linear polymers is limited by the entanglements between polymer chains. We show using molecular dynamics simulations that cross-linked ring polymers are significantly more stretchable than cross-linked linear polymers. Compared to linear polymers, the entanglements between ring polymers do not act as effective cross-links. As a result, the stretchability of cross-linked ring polymers is determined by the maximum extension of polymer strands between cross-links, rather than between entanglements as in cross-linked linear polymers. The more compact conformation of ring polymers before deformation also contributes to the increase in stretchability.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15262.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 09.12.1942, erstellt von William Brunner, Assistent
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Characterizing Beam Errors for Radio Interferometric Observations of Reionization
Creators: name: Nasirudin, Ainulnabilah
name: Prelogovic, David
name: Murray, Steven G.
name: Mesinger, Andrei
name: Bernardi, Gianni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A limiting systematic effect in 21-cm interferometric experiments is the chromaticity due to the coupling between the sky and the instrument. This coupling is sourced by the instrument primary beam; therefore it is important to know the beam to extremely high precision. Here we demonstrate how known beam uncertainties can be characterized using databases of beam models. In this introductory work, we focus on beam errors arising from physically offset and/or broken antennas within a station. We use the public code OSKAR to generate an "ideal" SKA beam formed from 256 antennas regularly-spaced in a 35-m circle, as well as a large database of "perturbed" beams sampling distributions of broken/offset antennas. We decompose the beam errors ("ideal" minus "perturbed") using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Kernel PCA (KPCA). Using 20 components, we find that PCA/KPCA can reduce the residual of the beam in our datasets by 60-90% compared with the assumption of an ideal beam. Using a simulated observation of the cosmic signal plus foregrounds, we find that assuming the ideal beam can result in 1% error in the EoR window and 10% in the wedge of the 2D power spectrum. When PCA/KPCA is used to characterize the beam uncertainties, the error in the power spectrum shrinks to below 0.01% in the EoR window and <1% in the wedge. Our framework can be used to characterize and then marginalize over uncertainties in the beam for robust next-generation 21-cm parameter estimation.
description: 12 pages, 9 main figures
Singularities From Entropy
Creators: name: Bousso, Raphael
name: Shahbazi-Moghaddam, Arvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming the Bousso bound, we prove a singularity theorem: if the light rays entering a hyperentropic region contract, then at least one light ray must be incomplete. "Hyperentropic" means that the entropy of the region exceeds the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of its spatial boundary. Our theorem provides a direct link between singularities and quantum information. The hyperentropic condition replaces the noncompactness assumption in Penrose's theorem, so our theorem is applicable even in a closed universe. In an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime, for example, a big bang singularity can be diagnosed from the presence of dilute radiation at arbitrarily late times. In asymptotically flat space, Penrose's theorem can be recovered by adding soft radiation.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. v2: minor edits
CP-Violating 2HDMs Emerging from 3-3-1 Models
Creators: name: Fan, Zhiyi
name: Yagyu, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate CP violating 2 Higgs doublet models as an effective theory emerging from models with an $SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry. Because of the extension of the electroweak symmetry, a characteristic structure of Yukawa interactions appears with new CP violating phases at the electroweak scale. In this scenario, the charged Higgs boson loop provides dominant and sizable contributions to the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) at one-loop level. We find that the prediction of the nEDM can be slightly smaller than the current upper limit, ${\cal O}(10^{-26})\,e\,\text{cm}$, with the mass of the charged Higgs boson and new CP violating phases to be a few hundred GeV and $\mathcal{O}(1)$, respectively, under the constraints from the meson mixings, the $B \to X_s γ$ decay and current LHC data.
description: More flavor constraints taken into account, discussions of Higgs decays added and references added
Superfluid transition temperature and fluctuation theory of spin-orbit and Rabi-coupled fermions with tunable interactions
Creators: name: Powell, Philip D.
name: Baym, Gordon
name: de Melo, Carlos Sa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the superfluid transition temperature of equal Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit and Rabi-coupled Fermi superfluids, from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) regimes in three dimensions for tunable $s$-wave interactions. In the presence of Rabi coupling, we find that spin-orbit coupling enhances (reduces) the critical temperature in the BEC (BCS) limit. For fixed interactions, we show that spin-orbit coupling can convert a first-order (discontinuous) phase transition into a second-order (continuous) phase transition, as a function of Rabi coupling. We derive the Ginzburg-Landau free energy to sixth power in the superfluid order parameter to describe both continuous and discontinuous phase transitions as a function of spin-orbit and Rabi couplings. Lastly, we develop a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau fluctuation theory for an arbitrary mixture of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings at any interaction strength.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1709.07042
Enzymatic degradation of the most common aliphatic biopolyesters
Creators: name: Romano, Angela
name: Rosato, Antonella
name: Totaro, Grazia
name: Celli, Annamaria
name: Zanaroli, Giulio
name: Sisti, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The constant increase of the plastic production over the world has become a serious problem, since most conventional plastic materials come from fossil resources and are not biodegradable. This causes significant plastics accumulation in the environment, whose end-life must be managed. An effective and eco-friendly approach to solve such problem is the use of biodegradable materials. Biopolymers such as poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) are among the most promising biodegradable commercial polyesters thanks to their high susceptibility to hydrolytic enzymes and to many microorganisms naturally occurring in the environment [1-2]. The current study is an investigation of the degradation ability of several hydrolytic enzymes belonging to different subclasses (i.e. lipase, esterase, proteinase, etc.) against some common aliphatic commercial polyesters. A deeper elucidation on the degradative ability and the mechanism of hydrolytic biodegradation can be useful for the management of biodegradable plastic wastes, the bioremediation of plastic-polluted environments, as well as the design of innovative biodegradable plastic materials. The end-of-life of biopolymers indeed, should also be addressed in view of a circular economy concept. The enzyme screening was first carried out by investigating the capacity of fully degrading the target polymers in 24 h, then weight loss measurements of selected polyesters and target enzymes were performed. Solid residues after enzyme degradation were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Liquid fractions were studied via GPC, 1H NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This, in order to understand molecular and chemical modifications induced at the surface and/or in the bulk of polymer materials over time. The results showed that the enzymatic degradation occurred homogenously from the surface through an erosion mechanism and involved both the amorphous and the crystalline regions. Cleaving action mode for each enzyme (endo- and/or exo-type) is also proposed.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15219.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 06.10.1942, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Coherent photoproduction of heavy quarkonia on nuclei
Creators: name: Kopeliovich, B. Z.
name: Krelina, M.
name: Nemchik, J.
name: Potashnikova, I. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The differential cross section of coherent photo-production of heavy quarkonia on nuclear targets is calculated within the QCD color dipole formalism. The higher-twist nuclear shadowing corresponding to the $\bar QQ$ Fock component of the photon, is calculated including the correlation between dipole orientation $\vec r$ and impact parameter of a collision $\vec b$, which is related to the transverse momentum transfer via Fourier transform. We also included the leading twist gluon shadowing corresponding to higher Fock components of the photon containing gluons, which have specifically short coherence time, especially for multi-gluon components, even at very high energies. The contribution of such fluctuating gluonic dipole is calculated employing the path-integral technique. Our results are in good agreement with recent ALICE data on charmonium production in ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions.
description: 11 pages including 3 figures. Some typos and misprints have been removed
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15438.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 27.06.1943, erstellt von William Brunner, Assistent
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1943

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Observation of magnetization surface textures of the van der Waals antiferromagnet FePS3 by spin Hall magnetoresistance
Creators: name: Feringa, F.
name: Bauer, G. E. W.
name: van Wees, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals materials are a new platform to study two-dimensional systems, including magnetic order. Since the number of spins is relatively small, measuring the magnetization is challenging. Here we report spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) up to room temperature caused by the magnetic surface texture of exfoliated flakes of magnetic van der Waals materials. For the antiferromagnet FePS3 the SMR amounts to 0.1 % for an applied magnetic field of 7 T at 5 K which implies a substantial canting of the magnetic moments relative to the colinear antiferromagnetic order. The canting is substantial even for a magnetic field along the Néel vector, which illustrates the unique power of the SMR to detect magnetic surface textures in van der Waals magnets.
title: Scaling issues in glaciology: addressing subgrid topography
Creators: name: Le Morzadec, Kevin
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2017

description: Ice sheets are a key component of the earth system and disturbances of their state affects various aspects of human activity (e.g. due to sea level rise). Glaciological studies take advantage of paleo-data to improve our knowledge about ice sheet processes. To investigate ice sheet evolution over the timescale of a glacial cycle, 3-D ice sheet models (ISM) are typically run at grid resolutions of five to tens of kilometres. This introduces to-date unquantified errors in sub-grid (SG) ice transport and surface mass balance (SMB, the difference between ice surface accumulation and ablation). Here, I document the impact of ISM resolution on SMB and ice flux in regions of rough topography and develop parametrizations to reduce the associated ISM grid resolution dependency. For inland regions, I develop a new flow line SG model which uses hypsometric curves, a statistical summary of the topography, to describe the variability of SMB. The 1-D mass transport for the SG model is computed with the shallow ice approximation. I test this model against high resolution simulations from the 3-D ISSM model over regions of 30km by 60 km. Using SG topographic information improves the SMB and flux representation, however, depending on the regional topographic characteristics, the new SG model simulates ice volumes 45% lower to 15% higher than simulated by the ISSM. An ensemble of last glacial cycle simulations for the North American ice complex shows increases of up to 35m eustatic sea level equivalent in ice volume with inclusion of the SG model. For coastal regions, glacial valley geometry and density impact ice drainage. Decreasing the model resolution from 1km to 5, 10 and 25km overestimates the ice drainage and creates some lags in the timing of ice growth and decay. Modifying ice flow parameters reduces the excess of drainage on the order of 20% at 5 and 10 km resolution and by 5% at 25 km resolution. Simulations at 25km resolution still have a lag of one to three thousand years in growing ice after an interstadial period.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15229.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 17.10.1942, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
The Fourth RIT binary black hole simulations catalog: Extension to Eccentric Orbits
Creators: name: Healy, James
name: Lousto, Carlos O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This fourth release of the RIT public catalog of numerical relativity black-hole-binary waveforms \url{http://ccrg.rit.edu/~RITCatalog} consists of 1881 accurate simulations that include 446 precessing and 611 nonprecessing quasicircular/inspiraling binary systems with mass ratios $q=m_1/m_2$ in the range $1/128\leq q\leq1$ and individual spins up to $s/m^2=0.95$; and 824 in eccentric orbits in the range $0
description: 30 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables
Wilson loop in general representation and RG flow in 1d defect QFT
Creators: name: Beccaria, Matteo
name: Giombi, Simone
name: Tseytlin, Arkady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized Wilson loop operator interpolating between the supersymmetric and the ordinary Wilson loop in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM theory provides an interesting example of renormalization group flow on a line defect: the scalar coupling parameter $ζ$ has a non-trivial beta function and may be viewed as a running coupling constant in a 1d defect QFT. In this paper we continue the study of this operator, generalizing previous results for the beta function and Wilson loop expectation value to the case of an arbitrary representation of the gauge group and beyond the planar limit. Focusing on the scalar ladder limit where the generalized Wilson loop reduces to a purely scalar line operator in a free adjoint theory, and specializing to the case of the rank $k$ symmetric representation of $SU(N)$, we also consider a certain semiclassical limit where $k$ is taken to infinity with the product $k\, ζ^2$ fixed. This limit can be conveniently studied using a 1d defect QFT representation in terms of $N$ commuting bosons. Using this representation, we compute the beta function and the circular loop expectation value in the large $k$ limit, and use it to derive constraints on the structure of the beta function for general representation. We discuss the corresponding 1d RG flow and comment on the consistency of the results with the 1d defect version of the F-theorem.
description: 44 pages. v2: comment below eq.(1.16) and references added
Network Hierarchy and Pattern Recovery in Directed Sparse Hopfield Networks
Creators: name: Rodgers, Niall
name: Tino, Peter
name: Johnson, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many real-world networks are directed, sparse and hierarchical, with a mixture of feed-forward and feedback connections with respect to the hierarchy. Moreover, a small number of 'master' nodes are often able to drive the whole system. We study the dynamics of pattern presentation and recovery on sparse, directed, Hopfield-like neural networks using Trophic Analysis to characterise their hierarchical structure. This is a recent method which quantifies the local position of each node in a hierarchy (trophic level) as well as the global directionality of the network (trophic coherence). We show that even in a recurrent network, the state of the system can be controlled by a small subset of neurons which can be identified by their low trophic levels. We also find that performance at the pattern recovery task can be significantly improved by tuning the trophic coherence and other topological properties of the network. This may explain the relatively sparse and coherent structures observed in the animal brain, and provide insights for improving the architectures of artificial neural networks. Moreover, we expect that the principles we demonstrate, through numerical analysis, here will be relevant for a broad class of system whose underlying network structure is directed and sparse, such as biological, social or financial networks.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15220.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 07.10.1942, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Amplification of mechanical quadratures using weak values
Creators: name: Carrasco, Sergio
name: Orszag, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An interferometric arrangement is proposed in which the technique of weak value amplification is implemented in order to enlarge the effect of a single photon on the quadratures of a movable mirror of an optical cavity. The photon interacts weakly with the mirror via radiation pressure and is post-selected in the dark port of the interferometer. The real and imaginary parts of weak values of angular momentum type photonic operators produce an amplification of the mirror quadratures, which is large as compared to the scenario in which all photons are taken into consideration, i.e. when no post-selection is performed. The effect is studied both for a mirror initialized in a thermal and coherent states. For a thermal state, the weak value amplification effect is boosted with the number of particles of the mirror, which occurs due to the imaginary part of the weak values.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 24.12.1942, erstellt von Gaston Coutrez, Observatoire Royal de Belgique in Uccle
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage in Uccle, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E).
Instrument: Merz-Grubb Refraktor Teleskop (Öffnung 160 mm, f = 2450 mm, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 25 cm)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15243.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 07.11.1942, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Particle Flow with a Hybrid Segmented Crystal and Fiber Dual-Readout Calorimeter
Creators: name: Lucchini, Marco T.
name: Pezzotti, Lorenzo
name: Polesello, Giacomo
name: Tully, Christopher G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the reconstruction of physics events at future e$^+$e$^-$ colliders the calorimeter design has a crucial role in the overall detector performance. The reconstruction of events with many jets in their final state sets stringent requirements on the jet energy and angular resolutions. The energy resolution for jets with energy of about 45 GeV is required to be at the 4-5\% level to enable an efficient separation of the W and Z boson invariant masses. We demonstrate in this paper how such a performance can be achieved by exploiting a particle flow algorithm tailored for a hybrid dual-readout calorimeter made of segmented crystals and fibers. The excellent energy resolution and linearity of such calorimeter for both photons and neutral hadrons ($3\%/\sqrt{E}$ and $26\%/\sqrt{E}$, respectively), inherent to the homogeneous crystals and dual-readout technological choices, provides a powerful handle for the development of a new approach for particle identification and jet reconstruction. While the dual-readout particle flow algorithm (DR-PFA) presented in this paper is at its early stage of development, it already demonstrates the potential of a hybrid dual-readout calorimeter for jet reconstruction by improving the jet energy resolution with respect to a calorimeter-only reconstruction from 6.0\% to about 4.5\% for 45 GeV jets.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 76.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 01.04.1968, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1968

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
A lattice Boltzmann model for self-diffusiophoretic particles near and at liquid-liquid interfaces
Creators: name: Palacios, Lucas
name: Scagliarini, Andrea
name: Pagonabarraga, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel mesoscopic computational model based on a multiphase-multicomponent lattice Boltzmann method for the simulation of self-phoretic particles in the presence of liquid-liquid interfaces. Our model features fully resolved solvent hydrodynamics and, thanks to its versatility, it can handle important aspects of the multiphysics of the problem, including particle wettability and differential solubility of the product in the two liquid phases. The method is extensively validated in simple numerical experiments, whose outcome is theoretically predictable, and then applied to the study of the behaviour of active particles next to and trapped at interfaces. We show that their motion can be variously steered by tuning relevant control parameters, such as the phoretic mobilities, the contact angle and the product solubility.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15193.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 06.09.1942, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15266.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 14.12.1942, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 07.09.1942, erstellt von Enrique Gullon an der Sternwarte Madrid
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Zeichnung mit Tinte, erstellt auf einem eigenen Vordruck in Madrid. Instrument: Grubb Refraktor Teleskop (Öffnung: 20 cm, f = 3 m, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 6,5 cm).
Instrumentennachweis gemäss Aparicio (u.a.): Sunspot, in: Solar Physics, Vol. 289, S. 4335-49, DOI: 10.1007/s11207-014-0567-x
ELIXIR-SI tools & services
Creators: name: Bren, Urban
name: Cotman, Marko
name: Dolenc, Tomislav
name: Sašo Džeroski
name: Ferk, Polonca
name: Stare, Barbara Gerič
name: Gruden, Kristina
name: Jakše, Jernej
name: Jauk, Avgust
name: Kovač, Jernej
name: Leskošek, Brane
name: Mraz, Miha
name: Novič, Marjana
name: Rupnik, Maja
name: Vozlič, Jelka Šuštar
name: Vidak, Marko
name: Zlender, Nadja
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2022

description: ELIXIR-SI tools & services aim to provide various research equipment for both wet and dry labs as well as a wide specter of tools & services on national and international levels for life sciences transparently from the single entry point (https://elixir-slovenia.org). An overview of ELIXIR-SI tools and services is presented by ELIXIR-SI partners.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15181.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 25.08.1942, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
Switchable Topological Phase Transition and Novel Nonlinear Optical Properties in ReC2H Monolayer
Creators: name: Zhang, Chunmei
name: Pi, Hanqi
name: Zhou, Liqin
name: Li, Si
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Du, Aijun
name: Weng, Hongming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive investigations on topological phase transition (TPT) in three-dimensional compounds have been done. whereas, rare in two-dimensional systems, let alone noncentrosymmetric materials. In this work, based on first-principles calculations, we explore an inversion symmetry broken structural ReC2H monolayer. We reveal that it undergoes two TPTs, namely from normal insulator to Z2 topological insulator and back to normal insulator, at the critical biaxial strain of 2.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The band inversion occurs at the generic momentum in the first TPT, while at high symmetric K point in the second one. Usually, band inversion is identified by the exchange in the components or irreducible representations of the wavefunctions. These quantities can be easily obtained in theoretical calculation but hard to be detected in experimental techniques like Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. It is well known that nonlinear optical (NLO) response is very sensitive to the components and symmetries of the engaged bands, which also incorporates information of band topology. Therefore, we study the shift current, one of the widely explored NLO responses in noncentrosymmetric systems, during the two TPTs. We find that in both cases band inversion leads to the sign change of shift vectors around the momenta where the bandgap closes and reopens. Whereas the shift current, as the overall contribution of shift vectors weighted by the absorption rate in the whole Brillouin zone, may keep its direction. This work offers insight that a scrutinized examination is highly demanded in utilizing shift current to detect TPT.
Universal constraint on nonlinear population dynamics
Creators: name: Adachi, Kyosuke
name: Iritani, Ryosuke
name: Hamazaki, Ryusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Ecological and evolutionary processes show various population dynamics depending on internal interactions and environmental changes. While crucial in predicting biological processes, discovering general relations for such nonlinear dynamics has remained a challenge. Here, we derive a universal information-theoretical constraint on a broad class of nonlinear dynamical systems represented as population dynamics. The constraint is interpreted as a generalization of Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. Furthermore, the constraint indicates nontrivial bounds for the speed of critical relaxation around bifurcation points, which we argue are universally determined only by the type of bifurcation. Our theory is verified for an evolutionary model and an epidemiological model, which exhibit the transcritical bifurcation, as well as for an ecological model, which undergoes limit-cycle oscillation. This work paves a way to predict biological dynamics in light of information theory, by providing fundamental relations in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of nonlinear systems.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Static and Dynamic Melvin Universes
Creators: name: Bini, Donato
name: Mashhoon, Bahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review the known properties of Melvin's magnetic universe and study the propagation of test charged matter waves in this static spacetime. Moreover, the possible correspondence between the wave perturbations on the background Melvin universe and the motion of charged test particles is discussed. Next, we explore a simple scenario for turning Melvin's static universe into one that undergoes gravitational collapse. In the resulting dynamic gravitational field, the formation of cosmic double-jet configurations is emphasized.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures; v2: expanded version, references added; v3: amended version to appear in Phys. Rev. D; v4: typos corrected, reference [10] added
Fulgoromorpha Evans 1946
Creators: name: Bourgoin, Thierry
name: Szwedo, Jacek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Fulgoromorpha

description: Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946
Fulgoromorpha sec. Evans, 1946: ‘division’: 57
- Fulgorellae sec. Latreille, 1807: ‘tribu’: 163
- Archaeorrhyncha Sorensen et al., 1995: suborder: 54, 55, 31
- Fulgoromorpha sec. Bourgoin & Campbell, 2002: suborder: 74
Chronostratigraphic occurrence: Carboniferous, Moscovian (315.2 Ma to present). Older fossil occurrence: Aviorrhyncha magnifica Nel, Bourgoin, Engel & Szwedo, 2013 in Nel et al., 2013.
Note. First divisions within Hemiptera, particularly with the monophyly of Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha, and place of Coleorrhyncha, still remain in discussion (reviewed in Szwedo, 2018). The taxon Fulgoromorpha is maintained at a suborder level and Evans’ proposed name, widely accepted and used now is conserved. A graphical summary of Fulgoromorpha classification is proposed in figure 1.
description: Published as part of Bourgoin, Thierry & Szwedo, Jacek, 2023, Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition, pp. 562-568 in Zootaxa 5297 (4) on page 563, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8009216
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 15478.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 06.08.1943, erstellt von William Otto Brunner
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1943

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E). Instrument: Kern-Merz-Refraktor.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Unter Umständen sind Angaben zu Protuberanzen vermerkt
title: Exploring brown carbon analysis: rigorous characterization and source apportionment
Creators: name: Di Lorenzo, Robert Anthony
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2017

description: Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) represents the greatest factor underlying the total uncertainty of anthropogenically derived radiative forcing. It has been shown that particles containing a large fraction of water soluble carbon have organic species with the ability to absorb solar radiation, referred to as brown carbon (BrC). Preliminary work has shown that BrC is strongly correlated to biomass burning (BB) events, is predominantly composed of extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs) and is of large molecular weight character. Particle characterization of multiple real-world forest fires and regional background aerosol has been achieved using multiple analytical techniques including size exclusion chromatography, reverse-phase liquid chromatography, ion chromatography, molecular absorption spectroscopy, and multiple combinations of mass spectrometric ionization and detection techniques. Particles were collected both in bulk and by cascade impaction, which size fractionated particles into 13 size bins between 18 μm and 10 nm. This work shows that biomass burning particulate matter composition is highly complex and cannot be characterized mass spectrally using one ionization technique alone. Although comparisons in the literature are often made to the composition of humic acid, the organic aerosol fraction, particularly derived from BB, differs greatly. Further, absorbing species comprising BrC are not accurately represented when commonly employed electrospray ionization is used. These BrC absorbing species have been found to be of large molecular weight character, with a large proportion greater than 500 Da. The molecular weight profile distribution is consistent across multiple forest fire samples, as well as in background aerosol. BB was confirmed to be the dominant source of large molecular weight BrC in the background aerosol samples. The absorbing species were found not to be internally mixed with common BB markers, but the absorbance distribution across particle diameters coincided with the observance of ammonium and dialkyl ammonium species, potentially representing new tracers. The molecular characteristics of these large absorbing molecules would be consistent with the ELVOC-BrC species previously identified in the literature. Large molecular weight BrC absorbers represent a recalcitrant source of absorbing organic molecules to the atmosphere. These large, long-lived absorbing molecules may have important climate impacts and are worthy of further study.
Diffractive deep neural network based adaptive optics scheme for vortex beam in oceanic turbulence
Creators: name: Zhan, Haichao
name: Wang, Le
name: Wang, Wennai
name: Zhao, Shengmei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is disturbed by oceanic turbulence (OT) when propagating in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. Adaptive optics (AO) is used to compensate for distortion and improve the performance of the UWOC system. In this work, we propose a diffractive deep neural network (DDNN) based AO scheme to compensate for the distortion caused by OT, where the DDNN is trained to obtain the mapping between the distortion intensity distribution of the vortex beam and its corresponding phase screen representating OT. The intensity pattern of the distorted vortex beam obtained in the experiment is input to the DDNN model, and the predicted phase screen can be used to compensate the distortion in real time. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme can extract quickly the characteristics of the intensity pattern of the distorted vortex beam, and output accurately the predicted phase screen. The mode purity of the compensated vortex beam is significantly improved, even with a strong OT. Our scheme may provide a new avenue for AO techniques, and is expected to promote the communication quality of UWOC system.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 26.12.1942, erstellt von Martin Loron an der Sternwarte Madrid
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Zeichnung mit Tinte, erstellt auf einem eigenen Vordruck in Madrid. Instrument: Grubb Refraktor Teleskop (Öffnung: 20 cm, f = 3 m, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 6,5 cm).
Instrumentennachweis gemäss Aparicio (u.a.): Sunspot, in: Solar Physics, Vol. 289, S. 4335-49, DOI: 10.1007/s11207-014-0567-x
Hyperkähler, Bi-hypercomplex, Generalized Hyperkähler Structures and T-duality
Creators: name: Kimura, Tetsuji
name: Sasaki, Shin
name: Shiozawa, Kenta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate comprehensive relations among T-duality, complex and bi-hermitian structures $(J_+, J_-)$ in two-dimensional $\mathcal{N} =(2,2)$ sigma models with/without twisted chiral multiplets. The bi-hermitian structures $(J_+,J_-)$ embedded in generalized Kähler structures $(\mathcal{J}_+,\mathcal{J}_-)$ are organized into the algebra of the tri-complex numbers. We newly write down an analogue of the Buscher rule by which the T-duality transformation of the bi-hermitian and Kähler structures are apparent. We also study the bi-hypercomplex and hyperkähler cases in $\mathcal{N} = (4,4)$ theories. They are expressed, as a T-duality covariant fashion, in the generalized hyperkähler structures and form the split-bi-quaternion algebras. As a concrete example, we show the explicit T-duality relation between the hyperkähler structures of the KK-monopole (Taub-NUT space) and the bi-hypercomplex structures of the H-monopole (smeared NS5-brane). Utilizing this result, we comment on a T-duality relation for the worldsheet instantons in these geometries.
description: 23 pages, no figure, a reference added, minor modifications, version appeared in Nucl. Phys. B
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 23.10.1942, erstellt von Enrique Gullon an der Sternwarte Madrid
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Zeichnung mit Tinte, erstellt auf einem eigenen Vordruck in Madrid. Instrument: Grubb Refraktor Teleskop (Öffnung: 20 cm, f = 3 m, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 6,5 cm).
Instrumentennachweis gemäss Aparicio (u.a.): Sunspot, in: Solar Physics, Vol. 289, S. 4335-49, DOI: 10.1007/s11207-014-0567-x
Linked Cluster Expansions via Hypergraph Decompositions
Creators: name: Mühlhauser, M.
name: Schmidt, K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a hypergraph expansion which facilitates the direct treatment of quantum spin models with many-site interactions via perturbative linked cluster expansions. The main idea is to generate all relevant subclusters and sort them into equivalence classes essentially governed by hypergraph isomorphism. Concretely, a reduced König representation of the hypergraphs is used to make the equivalence relation accessible by graph isomorphism. During this procedure we determine the embedding factor for each equivalence class, which is used in the final resummation in order to obtain the final result. As an instructive example we calculate the ground-state energy and a particular excitation gap of the plaquette Ising model in a transverse field on the three-dimensional cubic lattice.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 17.12.1942, erstellt von Gaston Coutrez, Observatoire Royal de Belgique in Uccle
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1942

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage in Uccle, später ergänzt mit einer kleinen Tabelle für die Auszählung der Flecken nach ihrer Verteilung auf Abschnitte der sichtbaren Sonnenhälfte, nach Quadrant bzw. nach Halbkugel (N, S, W, E).
Instrument: Merz-Grubb Refraktor Teleskop (Öffnung 160 mm, f = 2450 mm, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 25 cm)