Bromeloecia brachium Yau & Marshall 2018, sp. n.
Creators: name: Yau, Tiffany
name: Marshall, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sphaeroceridae
Bromeloecia
Bromeloecia brachium

description: Bromeloecia brachium Yau and Marshall sp. n.
(Figs. 13.1–13.14)
Description: Body length 1.2–1.5 mm (males), 0.9–1.7 mm (females).
Head: Interfrontal setae in 5 pairs. Length of anterior fronto-orbital seta subequal to posterior seta. Flagellomere 1 without depression on basal outer edge. Genal height 0.5x eye height.
Wing: Angle between costa and R4+5 75°. Distance between radial fork and r-m 2.5x length of r-m; dm-cu subequal or slightly longer than length of r-m and distance between crossveins 0.5x length of dm-cu. Mpseudovein slightly bent towards costa, leveling off in distal one third and ending close to wing margin.
WIPs: Basal angle of distal spot wide, 90°.
Legs: Fore femur posteroventrally with a row of 7–8 stout setae along most of length. Ventral surface of mid tibia with a small middle seta and a large apical seta.
Male abdomen and terminalia: Anteroventral arm of synsternite 6+7 arched, apex triangular; posteroventral lobe simple with sclerotization prior to anteroventral edge. Subepandrial sclerite reduced to simple π-shape. Cerci slender, mid-length with posterolateral spur. Surstylus with 3 usually well sclerotized, irregular flattened setae anterior to a small preapical spur.
Hypandrium fan-shaped, with anterior hypandrial apodeme sclerotized on anterior half; hypandrial arms broad. Ejaculatory apodeme and bulb not observed. Distiphallus WS apically similar to a pelican’s lower bill, and basally with strong well-sclerotized stalk; LFS strong and wide; FDS bent, apex meets WS ventrally; SDS distally triangular, medially fused.
Female abdomen and terminalia: T6 with setae across length of tergite. Each half of T8 ovoid, with 1 large and 4 smaller setae. Epiproct glossy on lateral one third. Cercus diamond-shaped. Paired spermathecae with large apical thimble-shaped pit and 3 small basal pits, single spermatheca with 1 large apical and 2–4 small basal pit; spermathecal ducts with mid-length swelling.
Type specimens: Holotype: ♂: ECUADOR: Napo: Jatun Sacha Res., 6 km E Misahuallí, 01°04ʹ00ʺS, 077°37ʹ00ʺW, compost, 450 m, yellow pans, 1–2 May 2002, M. Buck, debu00186441 (QCAZ).
Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Florencia, forest, dung trap, 28 Feb 1980, H. Howden (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); Heredia: La Selva Biol. Stn., 3 km S Puerto Viejo, 10°26ʹ00ʺN, 084°01ʹ00ʺW, 80 m, FIT, 20–23 Jun 2001, S. Chatzimanolis (3♂, 1♀, DEBU); Limon: Estrella Valley, Pandora, carrion trap, 20 Feb 1984, H. Howden (16♂, 12♀, INBC, DEBU); Puntarenas: Monteverde Biol. Sta., kitchen compost, 1500 m, white pans, 12 Jun 2000, M. Buck (1♂, DEBU); Osa Peninsula, Rincón, 2.5 km S, 08°42ʹ01ʺN, 083°30ʹ50ʺW, secondary forest, ~ 50 m, fish pitfalls, 10–11 Aug 2001 (1♂, 3♀, DEBU); Osa Peninsula, Rincón, 2.5 km S, 08°42ʹ01ʺN, 083°30ʹ50ʺW, primary forest, ~ 50 m, dung pitfalls, 11 Aug 2001 (1♂, DEBU). ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: La Chiquita, dung, 7–8 Jun 1975, S. Peck (2♂, 3♀, DEBU); 11 km SE San Lorenzo, La Chiquita, 5 m, dung trap, 10–11 Jun 1975, S. Peck (18♂, 7♀, QCAZ, DEBU); ditto, carrion, 9–10 Jun 1975 (7♂, 3♀, QCAZ, DEBU); La Chiquita, 11 km SE San Lorenzo, 5 m, dung trap, 6–7 Jun 1975, S. Peck (2♀, DEBU); Galápagos: St. Cruz, 2 km N Bellavista, guava thicket, agricultural area, 360 m, FIT, 14 May–13 Jun 1985, S. & J. Peck (1♀, DEBU); Guayas: 78 km N Santa Elena, 27 km S Puerto López, 500ʹ, dung trap, 25–27 Jul 1976, S. Peck (2♂, 1♀, DEBU); Napo: Limoncocha, 250 m, dung trap, 18–24 Jun 1976, S. Peck (1♀, DEBU); Tena, 12 km SW, 500 m, dung trap, 8–11 Jul 1976 (4♂, 2♀, DEBU); same as holotype (2♂, DEBU); Pichincha: Palenque, 01°25ʹ56ʺS, 079°45ʹ14ʺW, day 3 trap, 24–25 Mar 1976, S. Peck (2♂, DEBU); Rio Palenque, dung trap, 22–23 Feb 1976, S. Peck (1♂, DEBU); Rio Palenque, J. Glasser trap, 26 Feb 1976, S. Peck (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); Rio Palenque, carrion, 27 Feb 1979, S. A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU); 47 km Santo Domingo, Rio Palenque Station, 26–27 May 1975, S. Peck (2♂, 3♀, DEBU); 47 km S Santo Domingo, Rio Palenque Station, 250 m, dung trap, 17–25 Feb 1979, S. A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU); 16 km SE Santo Domingo, Tinalandia, 680 m, dung trap, 21–22 Jun 1975, S. Peck (1♂, DEBU).
Other material examined: BELIZE: Cayo: Augustine, pine savannah, 1500ʹ, dung trap, 1–4 Aug 1972, S. & J. Peck (2♀, DEBU); Belmopan, palm forest, carrion, 26–30 Jul 1972, S. Peck (2♂, 2♀, DEBU); Caves Branch, forest, dung trap, 23–29 Aug 1972, S. & J. Peck (4♂, 1♀, DEBU); Mountain Pine Ridge, Hidden Valley Institute, grass-pine, 2500ʹ, dung trap, 10–15 Jan 1991, S. A. Marshall (1♂, 1♀, DEBU). BOLIVIA: La Paz: Arroyo Tuhiri W Mapiri, 15°17ʹ27ʺS, 068°15ʹ29ʺW, 10 Apr 2001, S. A. Marshall (2♂, DEBU); Heath River Wildlife Research Centre, 12°40ʹ00ʺS, 068°42ʹ00ʺW, tree fall yellow pans, 5–9 May 2007, Paiero & Kits (1♂, DEBU). COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: 2 mi N Chinacota, 3000ʹ, carrion, 12–14 May 1974, S. Peck (2♂, 5♀, DEBU); 20 mi S Cúcuta Quebrada Honda, 2500ʹ, carrion trap, 13–15 May 1974, S. Peck (7♂, 5♀, DEBU). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Osa Peninsula, Rincón, 2.5 km S, 08°42ʹ01ʺN, 083°30ʹ50ʺW, secondary forest, ~ 50 m, fish pitfalls, 10–11 Aug 2001 (1♂, DEBU). ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: 11 km SE San Lorenzo, La Chiquita, 5 m, dung trap, 10– 11 Jun 1975, S. Peck (2♂, DEBU); Napo: Tena, 12 km SW, 500 m, dung trap, 8–11 Aug 1976, S. Peck (1♂, DEBU). GUYANA: Mazaruni-Potaro: W side Potaro R. downstream Tukeit Falls, 1° rainforest clearing, 300ʹ, Malaise-fine, 27–30 Sep 1990, B. Hubley & L. D. Coote (1♂, DEBU); Potaro-Siparuni: Kabocalli, Iwokrama Forest Reserve, 60 m, FIT, 3–5 Jun 2001, Brooks & Falin (16♂, 14♀, DEBU); Kabocalli, Iwokrama Forest Reserve, 100 m, FIT, 22–25 May 2001, Brooks & Falin (4♂, 7♀, DEBU); Mount Wokomung, 05°6ʹ35ʺN, 059°49ʹ15ʺW, 1°rainforest, 1234 m, human dung pitfall trap, 27 Oct–1Nov 2004, B. Hubley (1♂, DEBU); Mount Wokomung, 05°7ʹ53ʺN, 059°48ʹ31ʺW, 1° forest, 698 m, human dung pitfall trap, 21–26 Oct 2004, B. Hubley (2♂, DEBU); Rupununi: Kurupukari, Essequibo R., 1° rainforest, 200ʹ, dung traps, 9 Oct 1990, B. Hubley (5♂, 1♀, ROME, DEBU). MEXICO: Chiapas: Ocosingo Rd., 76 km S Palenque, Rt 195, rainforest, 760 m, window trap, 5–29 Jul 1983, S. & J. Peck & R. Anderson (1♀, DEBU); Palenque, rainforest, 100 m, carrion trap, 6–9 Jul 1983, S. & J. Peck (3♂, 4♀, DEBU); 4 mi S Palenque, rainforest, 700ʹ, human dung, 7–15 Aug 1971, A. Newton (1♂, DEBU); Oaxaca: 12 mi S Valle Nacional, tropical montane forest, 3200ʹ, carrion shrimp, 22–31 Jul 1971, A. Newton (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); San Luis Potosí: 40 km W Xilitla, pine-oak forest, 1700 m, FIT, 12 Jun–6 Aug 1983, S. & J. Peck (1♀, DEBU); Veracruz: 8.2 mi W Ciudad Mendoza on Mex. 150D, oak, 6200ʹ, carrion shrimp, 27 Jul–3 Aug 1973, A. Newton (1♂, DEBU). PANAMA: Chiriquí: Cerro Pando, 10 km W, carrion trap, 24 May 1977, S. Peck (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); Hartmann's Finca, 15 km NW Hato de Volcán, 1500 m, dung trap, 20–25 May 1977, S. Peck (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); Lagunas, 5 km SW Hato del Volcán, 1360 m, carrion, 22 May–6 Jun 1977, S. Peck (1♂, DEBU); ditto, dung trap, 22–26 May 1977 (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); Lagunas, W Hato del Volcán, carrion trap, 22–29 May 1977, S. Peck (1♂, DEBU); Colón: Santa Rita Ridge, 10 mi SE Colón, 270 m, dung trap, 10–12 Jun 1977, S. Peck (12♂, 6♀, DEBU); Panamá: Canal Zone, Madden Forest, carrion trap, 10–13 Jun 1977, S. Peck (4♂, 7♀, DEBU). PERU: Loreto: Campamento San Jacinto, in primary forest, 175–215 m, FIT, 8 Jul 1993, R. Leschen (2♂, DEBU); Campamento San Jacinto, 175–215 m, FIT, 11 Jul 1993, R. Leschen (4♂, 1♀, DEBU); ditto, 0 5 Jul 1993 (1♀, DEBU); ditto, 10 Jul 1993 (2♂, DEBU); San Jacinto, FIT, 12 Jul 1993, R. Leschen (26♂, 23♀, DEBU); Teniente Lopez, FIT, 24 Jul 1993, R. Leschen (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); ditto, 26 Jul 1993 (2♂, DEBU); ditto, 230–305 m, 20 Jul 1993 (1♀, DEBU); Teniente Lopez, river forest, FIT, 26 Jul 1993, R. Leschen (1♂, DEBU); 1.5 km N Teniente Lopez, FIT, 26 Jul 1993, R. Leschen (1♀, DEBU); Madre de Dios: Amazonas Lodge, N of Atalaya, 12°52ʹ12ʺS, 071°22ʹ36ʺW, 480 m, FIT, 10–13 Nov 2007, D. Brzoska (1♀, DEBU); Manu Natl. Pk. Cocha Cashu Biol. Stn., 380 m, Malaise trap, 23–30 Aug 1986, D. C. Darling (1♀, DEBU). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: St. Andrew: Tamana, Main Cw, Upper part -5h, 16 Dec 1988, J. P. E. C Darlington (2♂, 7♀, DEBU). VENEZUELA:
Bolívar: 135 km S El Dorado, 1400 m, dung trap, 20 Jul–7 Aug 1986, B. Gill (1♀, DEBU); 22 km S El Dorado, lowland rainforest, FIT, 25 Jun–12 Jul 1987 S. & J. Peck (1♀, DEBU); km 40 Santa Elena Icabaru Rd., 100 m, 4–6 Aug 1986, B. Gill (1♂, DEBU); Quebrada de Jaspe, 19–20 Aug 1986, B. Gill (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); Táchira: 20 km NE San Cristóbal, 4000ʹ, dung trap, 18–22 May 1974, S. Peck (2♂, 3♀, DEBU).
Etymology: Bromeloecia brachium is named for its crab’s claw-like surstylus (Latin: ‘brachium’: crab’s claw).
Comments: B. brachium, like B. undulata, is a widespread species found in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. B. brachium males can be easily confused with B. triunguia, and females can be confused with B. wolverinei when the presence or absence of the depression on flagellomere 1 is uncertain. Males of B. brachium and B. triunguia both have weaker flattened setae on the surstylus than those of B. undulata and B. wolverinei. Males of B. brachium differ from B. triunguia in lacking microtrichia on the posterior surface of the surstylus and the subanal plate, and having a cluster of setae on the posterolateral corners of the subanal plate. Females of B. brachium and B. wolverinei both have setae across the width of T6, however, the degree of glossiness on the lateral surface of the epiproct differs greatly.
description: Published as part of Yau, Tiffany & Marshall, Stephen A., 2018, A revision of the genus Bromeloecia Spuler (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae), pp. 1-115 in Zootaxa 4445 (1) on pages 64-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4445.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454109