cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Continuous-wave non-classical light with GHz squeezing bandwidth
Creators: name: Ast, Stefan
name: Samblowski, Aiko
name: Mehmet, Moritz
name: Steinlechner, Sebastian
name: Eberle, Tobias
name: Schnabel, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Squeezed states can be employed for entanglement-based continuous-variable quantum key distribution, where the secure key rate is proportional to the bandwidth of the squeezing. We produced a non-classical continuous-wave laser field at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm, which showed squeezing over a bandwidth of more than 2 GHz. The experimental setup used parametric down-conversion via a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (PPKTP). We did not use any resonant enhancement for the funda- mental wavelength, which should in principle allow a production of squeezed light over the full phase-matching bandwidth of several nanometers. We measured the squeezing to be up to 0.3 dB below the vacuum noise from 50 MHz to 2 GHz limited by the measuring bandwidth of the homodyne detector. The squeezing strength was possibly limited by thermal lensing inside the non-linear crystal.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures
title: Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly, Vol 13, No 3 (1993)
title: Vol 13, No 3 (1993)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: University, George Mason
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 1993

description: Front Cover...1
Defining Families: The Impact of Reproductive Technology...1 to 8
Thinking About Teenage Childbearing...8 to 13
Feminism, Race, and the Politics of Family Values...13 to 18
Family Practice and Family Policy: Mixing Work and Parenting...19 to 24
Back Cover...24
Full Issue...1 to 24
title: Philosophy and Public Policy Quarterly, Vol 14, No 1/2 (1994)
title: Vol 14, No 1/2 (1994)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: University, George Mason
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 1994

description: Front Cover...1
Multiculturalism and Cultural Authenticity...1 to 5
Ethnocentrism and Education In Judgment...6 to 11
Judicial Activism and the Concept of Rights...12 to 17
Deliberation in American Lawmaking...18 to 24
Full Issue...1 to 24
Back Cover...24
Surface States of Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Zhang, Fan
name: Kane, C. L.
name: Mele, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an effective bulk model with a topological boundary condition to study the surface states of topological insulators. We find that the Dirac point energy, the band curvature and the spin texture of surface states are crystal face-dependent. For a given face on a sphere, the Dirac point energy is determined by the bulk physics that breaks p-h symmetry in the surface normal direction and is tunable by surface potentials that preserve T symmetry. Constant energy contours near the Dirac point are ellipses with spin textures that are helical on the S/N pole, collapsed to one dimension on any side face, and tilted out-of-plane otherwise. Our findings identify a route to engineering the Dirac point physics on the surfaces of real materials.
description: 4.1 pages, 2 figures and 1 table
title: All you need to know about imaging of meconium
Creators: name: Díaz Villalonga, Ignacio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Foetus
subject: Congenital
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Barium enema
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Paediatric
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Foetal imaging
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To describe the normal appearance of meconium during fetal life with MRI and some pathologies related to it. 2. To illustrate clinical and imaging features of different pathologies in the fetus, neonate and infant related to meconium: meconium...
Three-Dimensional Linear Instability of Persistent Anomalous Large-Scale Flows
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Metz, Werner
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: The linear baroclinic instability of three-dimensional basic flows on the Northern Hemisphere is examined in terms of a simple two-level, quasi-geostrophic model. The basic flows considered comprise an observed six-winter mean flow, as well as anomalous flows which represent episodes where large-scale persistent flow anomalies, such as the Pacific/North American (PNA), East Atlantic (EA), or North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) patterns exhibit large amplitudes. For the climatological basic state, the fastest-growing normal modes with periods of around 4 days consist of regionally confined, synoptic-scale, baroclinic wave trains. These are considered as cyclogenesis modes, characterizing the linear synoptic-scale eddy activity associated with a given basic flow. This eddy activity has a pronounced maximum over the Pacific, close to the position of the observed Pacific storm track, but the second maximum over the Atlantic, corresponding to the Atlantic storm track, is considerably underestimated. Nevertheless, comparing the structure of the cyclogenesis modes with that of the leading complex EOFs of the observed bandpass-filtered flow, a pattern correlation squared of up to 0.4 is obtained. Truncating the basic state to comprise only the ultralong waves (zonal wavenumber m ≤ 4) results in rather little change in the cyclogenesis modes obtained. Finally, the sensitivity of the cyclogenesis modes to the anomalous basic flows is investigated, using persistent anomaly patterns (PNA, EA, NAO) obtained from a rotated principal component analysis of the observed lowpass-filtered flow. The anomalous basic states are evaluated by adding or subtracting these patterns to/from the winter climatological mean flow. It turns out that the normal-mode wave trains are significantly deflected from their climatological positions, particularly in the EA and NAO cases. This model response is verified against composite maps of observed bandpass variance, obtained for episodes of strong PNA, EA or NAO anomalies respectively. It is found that, although the normal-mode wave trains are still relatively too weak over the Atlantic (compared to the Pacific), the structural differences in the observed bandpass eddy activity between positive and negative anomaly cases are captured quite well by the normal modes.
Duffy-Null-Associated Low Neutrophil Counts Influence HIV-1 Susceptibility in High-Risk South African Black Women
Creators: name: Ramsuran, Veron
name: Kulkarni, Hemant
name: He, Weijing
name: Mlisana, Koleka P.
name: Wright, Edwina J.
name: Werner, Lise
name: Castiblanco, John
name: Dhanda, Rahul
name: Le, Tuan
name: Dolan, Matthew J.
name: Guan, Weihua
name: Weiss, Robin A.
name: Clark, Robert A.
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
name: Ahuja, Sunil K.
name: Ndung'u, Thumbi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Epidemiology

description: Background. The Duffy-null trait and ethnic netropenia are both highly prevalent in Africa. The influence of pre-seroconversion levels of peripheral blood cell counts (PBCs) on the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection among Africans is unknown. Methods. The triangular relationship among pre-seroconversion PBC counts, host genotypes, and risk of HIV acquisition was determined in a prospective cohort of black South African high-risk female sex workers. Twenty-seven women had seroconversion during follow-up, and 115 remained HIV negative for 2 years, despite engaging in high-risk activity. Results. Preseroconversion neutrophil counts in women who subsequently had seroconversion were significantly lower, whereas platelet counts were higher, compared with those who remained HIV negative. Comprising 27% of the cohort, subjects with preseroconversion neutrophil counts of <2500 cells/mm^3 had a ~3-fold greater risk of acquiring HIV infection. In a genome-wide association analyses, an African-specific polymorphism (rs2814778) in the promoter of Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC -46T > C) was significantly associated with neutrophil counts (P = 7.9 x 10^-11). DARC -46C/C results in loss of DARC expression on erthyrocytes (Duffy-null) and resistance to Plasmodium vivax malaria, and in our cohort, only subjects with this genotype had pre-seroconversion neutrophil counts of <2500 cells/mm^3. The risk of acquiring HIV infection was ~3-fold greater in those with the trait of Duffy-null-associated low neutrophil counts, compared with all other study participants. Conclusions. Pre-seroconversion neutrophil and platelet counts influence risk of HIV infection. The trait of Duffy-null-associated low neutrophil counts influences HIV susceptibility. Because of the high prevalence of this trait among persons of African ancestry, it may contribute to the dynamics of the HIV epidemic in Africa.
title: Texture analysis for noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis: current knowledge and future perspectives
Creators: name: Cannella, Roberto
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: Experimental
subject: MR
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the current knowledge about the potential of texture analysis for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis. To discuss potential perspectives and future researches for texture analysis of hepatic...
The quiescent X-ray properties of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar and eclipsing binary Swift J1749.4-2807
Creators: name: Degenaar, N.
name: Patruno, A.
name: Wijnands, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Swift J1749.4-2807 is a transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary that contains an accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar spinning at 518 Hz. It is the first of its kind that displays X-ray eclipses, which holds significant promise to precisely constrain the mass of the neutron star. We report on a ~105 ks long XMM-Newton observation performed when Swift J1749.4-2807 was in quiescence. We detect the source at a 0.5-10 keV luminosity of ~1E33(D/6.7 kpc)^2 erg/s. The X-ray light curve displays three eclipses that are consistent in orbital phase and duration with the ephemeris derived during outburst. Unlike most quiescent neutron stars, the X-ray spectrum is best described with a simple power law, while a pure-hydrogen atmosphere model does not fit the data. We place an upper limit on the 0.01-100 keV thermal luminosity of the cooling neutron star of <2E33 erg/s and constrain its temperature to be <0.1 keV (for an observer at infinity). Timing analysis does not reveal evidence for X-ray pulsations near the known spin frequency of the neutron star or its first overtone with a fractional rms of <34% and <28%, respectively. We discuss the implications of our findings for dynamical mass measurements, the thermal state of the neutron star and the origin of the quiescent X-ray emission.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted to ApJ, expanded discussion and added table 2
Additional file 1 of Escaping the ordinary: a review of escape rooms in medical and veterinary education
Creators: name: Nowbuth, Avis Anya
name: Parmar, Vikram Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Escherichia coli population structure and antibiotic resistance at a buffalo/cattle interface in southern Africa
title: Escherichia coli populations sharing and antibioresistance gradient at a buffalo/cattle interface in Southern Africa
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Mercat, M.
name: Clermont, O.
name: Massot, M.
name: Ruppe, E.
name: De Garine-Wichatitsky, M.
name: Miguel, E
name: Valls Fox, H.
name: Cornelis, D.
name: Andremont, A.
name: Denamur, E.
name: Caron, A.
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016

description: Presented at the 9th international wildlife ranching symposium: wildlife - the key to prosperity for rural communities, held on 12-16 September 2016 at Hotel Safari & the Safari Court, Windhoek, Namibia in conjuction with the IUCN 2nd African Buffalo Symposium.
description: Human/livestock/wildlife interfaces create favorable conditions for microorganisms spill over between hosts. In landscapes where human expansion encroaches into natural ecosystems, the resulting epidemics are a major cause of human/wildlife conflicts that challenge the sustainable coexistence between Mankind and Nature. Escherichia coli is a well-known bacteria, ubiquitous and harboring antibiotic resistance. It provides a good model to understand the diffusion of antibiotic resistance between hosts and the environment. This is also a good candidate to explore the mechanisms of microorganism transmission between hosts and could be used to track pathogen transmission. We used phenotypic and molecular characterization techniques to describe antibiotic resistance and the diversity of E.coli populations found in sympatric African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) and cattle populations at the Hwange National Park interface, Zimbabwe. Although the structure of E. coli populations was similar between cattle and buffalo populations, we found a gradient of antibiotic resistance, highest in cattle, intermediate in buffalo that were in contact with cattle, and lowest in isolated buffalo. The types and molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance further confirm the observed gradient and suggest that antibiotic resistance is spreading from human to animal populations. We demonstrate that there is a risk of antibiotic resistance diffusion between wildlife, livestock and human populations, with unknown consequences on the health of host populations. These results also confirm that E. coli could be used as a tool to identify transmission pathways in multi-host systems, in an attempt to characterize pathogen spread and risks of emergence.
title: Key Points of Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis Imaging
Creators: name: Özkan, Rahmi Eren
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Infection
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the radiological imaging findings of tuberculous...
GR@PPA 2.8: initial-state jet matching for weak boson production processes at hadron collisions
Creators: name: Odaka, Shigeru
name: Kurihara, Yoshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial-state jet matching method introduced in our previous studies has been applied to the event generation of single $W$ and $Z$ production processes and diboson ($W^{+}W^{-}$, $WZ$ and $ZZ$) production processes at hadron collisions in the framework of the GR@PPA event generator. The generated events reproduce the transverse momentum spectra of weak bosons continuously in the entire kinematical region. The matrix elements (ME) for hard interactions are still at the tree level. As in previous versions, the decays of weak bosons are included in the matrix elements. Therefore, spin correlations and phase-space effects in the decay of weak bosons are exact at the tree level. The program package includes custom-made parton shower programs as well as ME-based hard interaction generators in order to achieve self-consistent jet matching. The generated events can be passed to general-purpose event generators to make the simulation proceed down to the hadron level.
description: 29 pages, 14 figures; minor changes to clarify the discussions, and corrections of typos
On cosmic inflation in vector field theories
Creators: name: Golovnev, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the longitudinal ghost issue in Abelian vector inflation. It turns out that, within the class of Lorentz-invariant vector field theories with three degrees of freedom and without any extra (scalar) fields, the possibilities are essentially exhausted by the classical solution due to Larry Ford with an extremely flat potential which doesn't feel the fast roll of its argument. And, moreover, one needs to fulfil an extra condition on that potential in order to avoid severe gradient instability. At the same time, some Lorentz-violating modifications are worth to be explored.
description: 10 pages; a few minor typos corrected; published version
Assessment of the temporal stability of land use regression models for traffic-related air pollution
Creators: name: Rongrong, Wang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: Land-use regression (LUR) modeling is a cost-effective approach for assessing intra-urban air pollution contrasts. It has been widely used to estimate long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution in epidemiologic studies. The application was based on the assumption that spatial patterns of pollution are stable over time so that a model developed for a particular time point could be applied to other time points. However, this assumption has not been adequately examined. This has specific relevance to cohort studies where models are developed in one particular year and then retrospectively or prospectively applied over periods of ~10 other years. Methods: Metro Vancouver LUR models for annual average NO and NO₂ were developed in 2003, based on 116 measurements. In 2010, we repeated these measurements; 73 were made at the same location as in 2003, while the remaining 43 sites were within ~50 m. We then developed new models using updated data for the same predictor variables, and also explored additional variables. The temporal stability of LUR models over a 7-year period was evaluated by comparing model predictions and measured spatial contrasts between 2003 and 2010. Results: Annual average NO and NO₂ concentrations decreased from 2003 to 2010. From the 73 sites that were identical between 2003 and 2010, the correlation between NO 2003 and 2010 measurements was r = 0.87 with a mean (sd) decrease of 11.3 (9.9) ppb, and between NO₂ measurements was r = 0.74 with a mean (sd) decrease of 2.4 (3.2) ppb. 2003 and 2010 LUR models explained similar amounts of spatial variation (R² difference of 0.01 to 0.11). The 2003 models explained more variability in 2010 measurements (R²= 0.52 – 0.65) than 2010 models did for 2003 measurements (R²= 0.38 – 0.55). Conclusions: Forecasting will be more appropriate than back-casting in the case of Metro Vancouver where concentrations and their variability decreased over time. Back-casting explains nearly the same amount of variability (R²= 0.38 – 0.55) in measured concentrations as did the original model (R² = 0.52 – 0.58). These results support the validity of applying LUR models to cohort studies over periods as long as 7 years.
Induced magnetoelectric response in Pnma perovkites
Creators: name: Bousquet, Eric
name: Spaldin, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use symmetry analysis to show that the G, C and A-type antiferromagnetic Pnma perovskites can exhibit magnetoelectric (ME) responses when a ferroelectric instability is induced with epitaxial strain. Using first-principles calculations we compute the values of the allowed ME response in strained CaMnO3 as a model system. Our results show that large linear and non-linear ME responses are present and can diverge when close to the ferroelectric phase transition. By decomposing the electronic and ionic contributions, we explore the detailed mechanism of the ME response.
Collisional Ionization Equilibrium for Optically Thin Plasmas. I. Updated Recombination Rate Coefficients for Bare through Sodium-like Ions
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Bryans, P.
name: Badnell, N. R.
name: Gorczyca, T. W.
name: Laming, J. M.
name: Mitthumsiri, W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics
Microphysics

description: Reliably interpreting spectra from electron-ionized cosmic plasmas requires accurate ionization balance calculations for the plasma in question. However, much of the atomic data needed for these calculations have not been generated using modern theoretical methods and are often highly suspect. This translates directly into the reliability of the collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) calculations. We make use of state-of-the-art calculations of dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for the hydrogenic through Na-like ions of all elements from He up to and including Zn. Where measurements exist, these published theoretical DR data agree with recent laboratory work to within typically 35% or better at the temperatures relevant for CIE. We also make use of state-of-the-art radiative recombination (RR) rate coefficient calculations for the bare through Na-like ions of all elements from H through to Zn. Here we present improved CIE calculations for temperatures from 104 to 109 K using our data and the recommended electron impact ionization data of Mazzotta et al. for elements up to and including Ni and Mazzotta for Cu and Zn. DR and RR data for ionization stages that have not been updated are also taken from these two additional sources. We compare our calculated fractional ionic abundances using these data with those presented by Mazzotta et al. for all elements from H to Ni. The differences in peak fractional abundance are up to 60%. We also compare with the fractional ionic abundances for Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni derived from the modern DR calculations of Gu for the H-like through Na-like ions, and the RR calculations of Gu for the bare through F-like ions. These results are in better agreement with our work, with differences in peak fractional abundance of less than 10%.
title: Neonatal Spinal Cord Sonography: Spectrum of normal and pathology
Creators: name: Abakar Oumar, Djidda
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Paediatric
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Normal variants
subject: Cerebrospinal fluid
subject: Education and training
subject: Pathology
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - Know the clinical situations in which the spinal cord ultrasound is indicated. - Master the technique of the exam. - Get rid of normal results, variations of normal and...
HS Hya about to turn off its eclipses
Creators: name: Zasche, P.
name: Paschke, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We aim to perform the first long-term analysis of the system HS Hya. Methods: We performed an analysis of the long-term evolution of the light curves of the detached eclipsing system HS Hya. Collecting all available photometric data since its discovery, the light curves were analyzed with a special focus on the evolution of system's inclination. Results: We find that the system undergoes a rapid change of inclination. Since its discovery until today the system's inclination changed by more than 15 deg. The shape of the light curve changes, and now the eclipses are almost undetectable. The third distant component of the system is causing the precession of the close orbit, and the nodal period is about 631 yr. Conclusions: New precise observations are desperately needed, preferably this year, because the amplitude of variations is decreasing rapidly every year. We know only 10 such systems on the whole sky at present.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, published in 2012A&A...542L..23Z
Isolation of a Monoclonal Antibody That Targets the Alpha-2 Helix of gp120 and Represents the Initial Autologous Neutralizing-Antibody Response in an HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Individual
Creators: name: Gray, Elin S.
name: Moody, M. Anthony
name: Wibmer, Constantinos Kurt
name: Chen, Xi
name: Marshall, Dawn J.
name: Amos, Joshua
name: Moore, Penny L.
name: Foulger, Andrew
name: Yu, Jae-Sung
name: Lambson, Bronwen E.
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
name: Whitesides, John
name: Tomaras, Georgia D.
name: Haynes, Barton F.
name: Morris, Lynn
name: Liao, Hua-Xin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Virology
Epidemiology

description: The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1 subtype C infection. We previously identified a Center for AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) participant, CAP88, who developed a potent neutralizing-antibody response within 3 months of infection that targeted an epitope in the C3 region of the HIV-1 envelope (P. L. Moore et al., PLoS Pathog. 5:e1000598, 2009). Here we showed that these type-specific antibodies could be adsorbed using recombinant gp120 from the transmitted/founder virus from CAP88 but not by gp120 made from other isolates. Furthermore, this activity could be depleted using a chimeric gp120 protein that contained only the C3 region from the CAP88 viral envelope engrafted onto the unrelated CAP63 viral envelope (called 63-88C3). On the basis of this, a differential sorting of memory B cells was performed using gp120s made from 63-88C3 and CAP63 labeled with different fluorochromes as positive and negative probes, respectively. This strategy resulted in the isolation of a highly specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), called CAP88-CH06, that neutralized the CAP88 transmitted/founder virus and viruses from acute infection but was unable to neutralize CAP88 viruses isolated at 6 and 12 months postinfection. The latter viruses contained 2 amino acid changes in the alpha-2 helix of C3 that mediated escape from this MAb. One of these changes involved the introduction of an N-linked glycan at position 339 that occluded the epitope, while the other mutation (either E343K or E350K) was a charge change. Our data validate the use of differential sorting to isolate a MAb targeting a specific epitope in the envelope glycoprotein and provided insights into the mechanisms of autologous neutralization escape.
On the cosmological evolution of the black hole - host galaxy relation in quasars
Creators: name: Portinari, L.
name: Kotilainen, J.
name: Falomo, R.
name: Decarli, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasars are useful tracers of the cosmological evolution of the black hole mass - galaxy relation. We compare the expectations of Semi-Analytical Models (SAM) of galaxy evolution, to the largest available datasets of quasar host galaxies out to z=3. Observed quasar hosts are consistent with no evolution from the local M(BH) - L(host) relation, and suggest a significant increase of the mass ratio Gamma = M(BH)/M(host) from z=0 to z=3. Taken at face value, this is totally at odds with the predictions of SAM, where the intrinsic Gamma shows little evolution and quasar host galaxies at high redshift are systematically overluminous (and/or have undermassive BH). However, since quasars preferentially trace very massive black holes (10^9-10^10 Msun) at the steep end of the luminosity and mass function, the ensuing selection biases can reconcile the present SAM with the observations. A proper interpretation of quasar host data thus requires the global approach of SAM so as to account for statistical biases.
description: 14 pages, 10 colour figures. In press on MNRAS
Potent and Broad Neutralization of HIV-1 Subtype C by Plasma Antibodies Targeting a Quaternary Epitope Including Residues in the V2 Loop
Creators: name: Moore, Penny L.
name: Gray, Elin S.
name: Sheward, Daniel
name: Madiga, Maphuti C.
name: Ranchobe, Nthabeleng
name: Lai, Zhong
name: Honnen, William J.
name: Nonyane, Molati
name: Tumba, Nancy L.
name: Hermanus, Tandile
name: Sibeko, Sengeziwe
name: Mlisana, Koleka P.
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
name: Williamson, Carolyn
name: Pinter, Abraham
name: Morris, Lynn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Virology
Epidemiology

description: The targets of broadly cross-neutralizing (BCN) antibodies are of great interest in the HIV vaccine field. We have identified a subtype C HIV-1-superinfected individual, CAP256, with high-level BCN activity, and characterized the antibody specificity mediating breadth. CAP256 developed potent BCN activity peaking at 3 years postinfection, neutralizing 32 (76%) of 42 heterologous viruses, with titers of antibodies against some viruses exceeding 1:10,000. CAP256 showed a subtype bias, preferentially neutralizing subtype C and A viruses over subtype B viruses. CAP256 BCN serum targeted a quaternary epitope which included the V1V2 region. Further mapping identified residues F159, N160, L165, R166, D167, K169, and K171 (forming the FN/LRD-K-K motif) in the V2 region as crucial to the CAP256 epitope. However, the fine specificity of the BCN response varied over time and, while consistently dependent on R166 and K169, became gradually less dependent on D167 and K171, possibly contributing to the incremental increase in breadth over 4 years. The presence of an intact FN/LRD-K-K motif in heterologous viruses was associated with sensitivity, although the length of the adjacent V1 loop modulated the degree of sensitivity, with a shorter V1 region significantly associated with higher titers. Repair of the FN/LRD-K-K motif in resistant heterologous viruses conferred sensitivity, with titers sometimes exceeding 1:10,000. Comparison of the CAP256 epitope with that of the PG9/PG16 monoclonal antibodies suggested that these epitopes overlapped, adding to the mounting evidence that this may represent a common neutralization target that should be further investigated as a potential vaccine candidate.
title: The various subtypes of renal cell carcinoma: a radiologic-pathologic correlation
Creators: name: Rosa, Jose
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genitourinary
subject: Kidney
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education
subject: Staging
subject: Cancer
subject: Pathology
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review and illustrate the imaging and anatomopathological findings associated with the different subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and their radiologic-pathologic...
Epidemiological Impact of Tenofovir Gel on the HIV Epidemic in South Africa
Creators: name: Williams, Brian G.
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
name: Abdool Karim, Quarraisha
name: Gouws, Eleanor
name: Haynes, Barton F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Virology
Epidemiology

description: BACKGROUND: Tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral-based vaginal microbicide, reduced HIV acquisition by 39% in women in a recent randomized controlled clinical trial in South Africa. METHODS: To inform policy, we used a dynamical model of HIV transmission, calibrated to the epidemic in South Africa, to determine the population-level impact of this microbicide on HIV incidence, prevalence, and deaths and to evaluate its cost-effectiveness. RESULTS: If women use tenofovir gel in 80% or more of sexual encounters (high coverage), it could avert 2.33 (0.12 to 4.63) million new infections and save 1.30 (0.07 to 2.42) million lives and if used in 25% of sexual encounters (low coverage), it could avert 0.50 (0.04 to 0.77) million new infections and save 0.29 (0.02 to 0.44) million deaths, over the next 20 years. At US $0.50 per application, the cost per infection averted at low coverage is US $2392 (US $562 to US $4222) and the cost per disability-adjusted life year saved is US $104 (US $27 to US $181); at high coverage the costs are about 30% less. CONCLUSIONS: Over 20 years, the use of tenofovir gel in South Africa could avert up to 2 million new infections and 1 million AIDS deaths. Even with low rates of gel use, it is highly cost-effective and compares favorably with other control methods. This female-controlled prevention method could have a significant impact on the epidemic of HIV in South Africa. Programs should aim to achieve gel use in more than 25% of sexual encounters to significantly alter the course of the epidemic.
Sustainably managing buffalo trophy quality
Creators: name: Robertson, Kevin
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016

description: Presented at the 9th international wildlife ranching symposium: wildlife - the key to prosperity for rural communities, held on 12-16 September 2016 at Hotel Safari & the Safari Court, Windhoek, Namibia in conjuction with the IUCN 2nd African Buffalo Symposium.
description: To be successful, wildlife utilization needs to be financially, ecologically and genetically sustainable. Regarding buffalo, trophy hunters invariably target the highest scoring, largest-horned bulls with little regard to their age or breeding status. This is a situation compounded by ill-conceived trophy scoring methods which actively encourage the hunting of pre-breeding or active breeding bulls. Over time the 'best' trophy genetics have consequently been lost and as a result trophy quality is dropping. This presentation will in detail explain the Taylor first molar teeth buffalo aging process and demonstrate how it is possible to age live buffalo bulls accurately. It will also help participants to identify breeding age bulls and those considered to be of post breeding age. The presentation will also demonstrate how to trophy score live buffalo accurately. Suggestions will also be made as to how to change public opinion as to what should constitute a 'real' buffalo trophy.
Additional file 1 of “It’s a priority”: a qualitative analysis of the implementation of a maternal equity safety bundle in Massachusetts
Creators: name: Daoud, Anna K.
name: Larson, Elysia
name: Rhone, Tonia J.
name: Conklin, Claire R.
name: Olden, Heather
name: Vitek, Kali
name: Cabral, Howard
name: DeClercq, Eugene
name: Amutah-Onukagha, Ndidiamaka
name: Diop, Hafsatou
name: Meadows, Audra R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Dielectronic recombination data for dynamic finite-density plasmas II. The oxygen isoelectronic sequence
Creators: name: Zatsarinny, O.
name: Gorczyca, T. W.
name: Korista, K. T.
name: Fu, J.
name: Badnell, N. R.
name: Mitthumsiri, W.
name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics
Microphysics

description: Mistakes in an earlier publication (Zatsarinny et al. 2003) have been discovered and are corrected below (in boldface). The first is a missing exponent in an equation, the second is some wrong fitting coefficients for several ions, the third and fourth are an incorrect caption and an incorrect label in a figure, and the fifth is an inaccuracy in high-temperature radiative recombination rate coefficients.
title: Incidental findings on MR small bowel imaging: a pictorial review
Creators: name: Carr, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Education
subject: MR-Enterography
subject: MR
subject: Small bowel
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: GI Tract

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: A pictorial review of incidental findings on MR small bowel...
Toll-like recepetors play a major role in the myocardial pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses
Creators: name: Mathur, Sumeet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Acute cardiac dysfunction due to myocardial infarction and septic shock may contribute to hypotension, low cardiac output, or death. A common outcome of these disease states is the induction of inflammation, a major contributor to acute cardiac dysfunction. Acute inflammatory reactions often involve the Toll-Like receptor/NFκB pathway. Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) are members of the innate immune system and are responsible for recognizing foreign Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) expressed by infecting organisms. Ligation of cardiomyocyte TLRs by PAMPs initiates an inflammatory response and can reduce cardiomyocyte contractility. Recently, endogenous molecules known as Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) which are released during myocardial infarctions have proven to initiate an inflammatory response similar to PAMPs in inflammatory cells. We hypothesize that DAMPs ligate to TLRs causing a pro-inflammatory response by cardiomyocytes whilst reducing cardiac contractility. Additionally, this pro-inflammatory response can be attenuated by using TLR9 ligand, CpG, in a pre-treatment model. Our first objective was to assay a variety of DAMPs for an effect on the inflammatory and functional responses of cardiomyocytes, and determine which TLRs are involved. We found that the DAMP, HSP70, induces an inflammatory response via TLR2 and the NFkB signalling pathway. Our second objective was to determine if a TLR ligand was capable of activating NFκB signalling inducing a tolerant state without affecting cardiac contractility. We found that pre-treatment with TLR9 ligand (CpG) induced tolerance and down-regulated NFkB signalling and expression of inflammatory markers. In accord with these observations, we found CpG pre-treatment attenuated decreases in cardiomyocyte contractility in an LPS model and coronary artery ligation model of ischemia reperfusion. Microarray analysis identified a group of NFkB pathway inhibitors induced by CpG that may be responsible for the diminished inflammatory response. TNFAIP3 (A20) was identified as a highly regulated suppressor of NFkB in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, a discrete set of TLRs play a major role in myocardial pro-inflammatory responses caused by DAMPs, PAMPs and ischemic injury that lead to decreased contractility and inflammation. However, using TLR9 ligand CpG pre-emptively has shown to reduce the inflammatory response while maintaining proper cardiac function.
Additional file 2 of “It’s a priority”: a qualitative analysis of the implementation of a maternal equity safety bundle in Massachusetts
Creators: name: Daoud, Anna K.
name: Larson, Elysia
name: Rhone, Tonia J.
name: Conklin, Claire R.
name: Olden, Heather
name: Vitek, Kali
name: Cabral, Howard
name: DeClercq, Eugene
name: Amutah-Onukagha, Ndidiamaka
name: Diop, Hafsatou
name: Meadows, Audra R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplementary Material 2.
Hidden Symmetry Subgroup Problems
Creators: name: Decker, Thomas
name: Ivanyos, Gábor
name: Santha, Miklos
name: Wocjan, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We advocate a new approach of addressing hidden structure problems and finding efficient quantum algorithms. We introduce and investigate the Hidden Symmetry Subgroup Problem (HSSP), which is a generalization of the well-studied Hidden Subgroup Problem (HSP). Given a group acting on a set and an oracle whose level sets define a partition of the set, the task is to recover the subgroup of symmetries of this partition inside the group. The HSSP provides a unifying framework that, besides the HSP, encompasses a wide range of algebraic oracle problems, including quadratic hidden polynomial problems. While the HSSP can have provably exponential quantum query complexity, we obtain efficient quantum algorithms for various interesting cases. To achieve this, we present a general method for reducing the HSSP to the HSP, which works efficiently in several cases related to symmetries of polynomials. The HSSP therefore connects in a rather surprising way certain hidden polynomial problems with the HSP. Using this connection, we obtain the first efficient quantum algorithm for the hidden polynomial problem for multivariate quadratic polynomials over fields of constant characteristic. We also apply the new methods to polynomial function graph problems and present an efficient quantum procedure for constant degree multivariate polynomials over any field. This result improves in several ways the currently known algorithms.
description: 21 pages, slightly improved and slightly extended version
title: Extrapulmonary manifestation of cystic fibrosis: what the radiologist should know.
Creators: name: Rosa, Jose
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Abdomen
subject: Paediatric
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education
subject: Genetic defects
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the most relevant extrapulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF), and illustrate their imaging findings. To highlight that, although pulmonary manifestations may dominate the clinical course in CF, many other organs and systems can...
Additional file 1 of Community involvement and engagement in designing a social-media based educational intervention for oral and sexual health promotion in transgender women in Malaysia: a narrative summary
Creators: name: Telang, Lahari A.
name: Daud, Hezreen Shaik
name: Rosita-Hanif, Zariq
name: Nizam, Betty
name: Cotter, Aoife G.
name: Rashid, Abdul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Cancer
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: GRIPP-2 Checklist
Interacting dark matter contribution to the Galactic 511 keV gamma ray emission: constraining the morphology with INTEGRAL/SPI observations
Creators: name: Vincent, Aaron C.
name: Martin, Pierrick
name: Cline, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the full-sky morphology of the 511 keV gamma ray excess measured by the INTEGRAL/SPI experiment to predictions of models based on dark matter (DM) scatterings that produce low-energy positrons: either MeV-scale DM that annihilates directly into e+e- pairs, or heavy DM that inelastically scatters into an excited state (XDM) followed by decay into e+e- and the ground state.By direct comparison to the data, we find that such explanations are consistent with dark matter halo profiles predicted by numerical many-body simulations for a Milky Way-like galaxy. Our results favor an Einasto profile over the cuspier NFW distribution and exclude decaying dark matter scenarios whose predicted spatial distribution is too broad. We obtain a good fit to the shape of the signal using six fewer degrees of freedom than previous empirical fits to the 511 keV data. We find that the ratio of flux at Earth from the galactic bulge to that of the disk is between 1.9 and 2.4, taking into account that 73% of the disk contribution may be attributed to the beta decay of radioactive 26Al.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Includes minor corrections, and a discussion of threshold energies in XDM models. Published in JCAP
Magnetic field-induced instability of the cooperative paramagnetic state in Zn$_x$Co$_{4-x}$(OD)$_6$Cl$_2$
Creators: name: Dissanayake, S. E.
name: Chan, C.
name: Ji, S.
name: Lee, J.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Rule, K. C.
name: Lake, B.
name: Green, M.
name: Hagihala, M.
name: Zheng, X. G.
name: Ng, T. K.
name: Lee, S. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques with and without application of an external magnetic field $H$, the magnetic ground states of Zn$_x$Co$_{4-x}$(OD)$_6$Cl$_2$ ($x=0,1$) were studied. Our results show that for $x=0$, the ground state is a magnetic long-range ordered (LRO) state where each tetrahedron forms an "umbrella"-type structure. On the other hand, for $x=1$, no static ordering was observed down to 1.5 K, which resembles the behavior found in the isostructural quantum system Zn$_x$Cu$_{4-x}$(OD)$_6$Cl$_2$. When $H$ field is applied, however the $x=1$ system develops the same LRO state as $x=0$. This indicates that the $x=1$ disordered state is in the vicinity of the $x=0$ ordered state.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
title: Clinical & Radiological spectrum of Abdominal Hernias
Creators: name: PANDIAN, VIYANGO
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Not applicable
subject: Hernia
subject: Localisation
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To identify normal abdominal anatomy and its constituents. To describe characteristic imaging findings in common and uncommon types of abdominal hernias using CT and to assess their complications in clinical...