cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Integral membrane lipid phosphatases/phosphotransferases: common structure and diverse functions
Creators: name: SIGAL, Yury J.
name: McDERMOTT, Mark I.
name: MORRIS, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Phospholipids and sphingolipids play critical roles in signal transduction, intracellular membrane trafficking, and control of cell growth and survival. We discuss recent progress in the identification and characterization of a family of integral membrane proteins with central roles in bioactive lipid metabolism and signalling. These five groups of homologous proteins, which we collectively term LPTs (lipid phosphatases/phosphotransferases), are characterized by a core domain containing six transmembrane-spanning α-helices connected by extramembrane loops, two of which interact to form the catalytic site. LPT family members are localized to all major membrane compartments of the cell. The transmembrane topology of these proteins places their active site facing the lumen of endomembrane compartments or the extracellular face of the plasma membrane. Sequence conservation between the active site of the LPPs (lipid phosphate phosphatases), SPPs (sphingosine phosphate phosphatases) and the recently identified SMSs (sphingomyelin synthases) with vanadium-dependent fungal oxidases provides a framework for understanding their common catalytic mechanism. LPPs hydrolyse LPA (lysophosphatidic acid), S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) and structurally-related substrates. Although LPPs can dephosphorylate intracellularly generated substrates to control intracellular lipid metabolism and signalling, their best understood function is to regulate cell surface receptor-mediated signalling by LPA and S1P by inactivating these lipids at the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. SPPs are intracellularly localized S1P-selective phosphatases, with key roles in the pathways of sphingolipid metabolism linked to control of cell growth and survival. The SMS enzymes catalyse the interconversion of phosphatidylcholine and ceramide with sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol, suggesting a pivotal role in both housekeeping lipid synthesis and regulation of bioactive lipid mediators. The remaining members of the LPT family, the LPR/PRGs (lipid phosphatase-related proteins/plasticity-related genes) and CSS2s (type 2 candidate sphingomyelin synthases), are presently much less well studied. These two groups include proteins that lack critical amino acids within the catalytic site, and could therefore not use the conserved LPT reaction mechanism to catalyse lipid phosphatase or phosphotransferase reactions. In this review, we discuss recent ideas about their possible biological activities and functions, which appear to involve regulation of cellular morphology and, possibly, lipid metabolism and signalling in the nuclear envelope.
Molecular cloning and characterization of PLC-η2
Creators: name: Sondek, John
name: Wing, Michele R.
name: Harden, T. Kendall
name: Zhou, Yixing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: PLC (phospholipase C) isoenzymes catalyse the conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 into the Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, Ins(1,4,5)P3, and the protein kinase C-activating second messenger, diacylglycerol. With the goal of identifying additional mammalian PLC isoenzymes, we screened the NCBI non-redundant database using a BLAST algorithm for novel sequences with homology with the conserved PLC catalytic core. Two unique sequences corresponding to two unknown PLC isoenzymes were identified, and one of these, designated PLC-η2, was cloned and characterized. Most of the coding sequence of PLC-η2 was constructed from two ESTs (expressed sequence tags), which included an overlapping sequence that was confirmed by multiple ESTs and mRNAs. 5′-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) also identified an upstream exon not deduced from available EST or mRNA sequences. Sequence analysis of PLC-η2 revealed the canonical domains of a PLC isoenzyme with an additional long C-terminus that contains a class II PDZ-binding motif. Genomic analyses indicated that PLC-η2 is encoded by 23 exons. RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-PCR) analyses illustrated expression of PLC-η2 in human retina and kidney, as well as in mouse brain, eye and lung. RT-PCR with exon-specific primers also revealed tissue-specific expression of four splice variants in mouse that represent alternative use of sequences in exons 21, 22 and 23. PLC-η2-specific antisera recognized one of these splice variants as an approx. 155 kDa species when expressed in COS-7 cells; PLC-η2 natively expressed in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells also migrated as an approx. 155 kDa species. PLC activity was observed in vitro and in vivo for three different constructs of PLC-η2, each containing possible alternatively spliced first exons. Co-expression of PLC-η2 with Gβ1γ2 dimers of heterotrimeric G-proteins resulted in marked stimulation of inositol lipid hydrolysis. Thus PLC-η2 may in part function downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors.
title: Untersuchung eines Schildbuckels mit Brandpatina mittels Elektronenrückstreubeugung (EBSD) und energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie im Rasterelektronenmikroskop
Creators: name: Bitter, David
name: Teichert, Steffen
name: Thüringisches Landesamt Für Denkmalpflege Und Archäologie
Publisher: name: Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 930
subject: 530

description: Während der Bearbeitung von Funden eines Urnengräberfeldes aus Augusteischer Zeit am Thüringischen Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie in Weimar, wurde in einer der geborgenen Keramikurnen ein Schildbuckel mit ungewöhnlich guter Erhaltung freigelegt. Bemerkenswerterweise waren Teile der Oberfläche des schmiedeeisernen Schildbuckels auch nach über 2000 jähriger Lagerung im Boden völlig frei von „Rost“geblieben und hatten stattdessen eine blaugraue Oberflächenschicht ausgebildet, welche auch des Öfteren als Brandpatina angesprochen wird. Zur genaueren chemischen Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung dieser Schicht wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit der Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena elektronenmikroskopische Analyseverfahren wie energiedispersive Röntgenspektroskopie (EDX) und Elektronenrückstreubeugung (EBSD) eingesetzt. So konnte eine auf dem Metallkern liegende Passivierungsschicht aus den Eisenoxiden Wüstit, Magnetit und Hämatit nachgewiesen werden, welche das Metall während der Zeit der Bodenlagerung weitgehend geschützt hatte.
A novel ARF-binding protein (LZAP) alters ARF regulation of HDM2
Creators: name: Yarbrough, Wendell G.
name: Wang, Jialiang
name: Luo, Ying
name: He, Xiaping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The tumour suppressor ARF (alternative reading frame) is encoded by the INK4a (inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4)/ARF locus, which is frequently altered in human tumours. ARF binds MDM2 (murine double minute 2) and releases p53 from inhibition by MDM2, resulting in stabilization, accumulation and activation of p53. Recently, ARF has been found to associate with other proteins, but, to date, little is known about ARF-associated proteins that are implicated in post-translational regulation of ARF activity. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified a novel protein, LZAP (LXXLL/leucine-zipper-containing ARF-binding protein), that interacts with endogenous ARF in mammalian cells. In the present study, we show that LZAP reversed the ability of ARF to inhibit HDM2's ubiquitin ligase activity towards p53, but simultaneously co-operated with ARF, maintaining p53 stability and increasing p53 transcriptional activity. Expression of LZAP, in addition to ARF, increased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Expression of LZAP also caused activation of p53 and a p53-dependent G1 cell-cycle arrest in the absence of ARF. Taken together, our data suggest that LZAP can regulate ARF biochemical and biological activity. Additionally, LZAP has p53-dependent cell-cycle effects that are independent of ARF.
Derived categories of cyclic covers and their branch divisors
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Alexander
name: Perry, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a variety $Y$ with a rectangular Lefschetz decomposition of its derived category, we consider a degree $n$ cyclic cover $X \to Y$ ramified over a divisor $Z \subset Y$. We construct semiorthogonal decompositions of $\mathrm{D^b}(X)$ and $\mathrm{D^b}(Z)$ with distinguished components $\mathcal{A}_X$ and $\mathcal{A}_Z$, and prove the equivariant category of $\mathcal{A}_X$ (with respect to an action of the $n$-th roots of unity) admits a semiorthogonal decomposition into $n-1$ copies of $\mathcal{A}_Z$. As examples we consider quartic double solids, Gushel-Mukai varieties, and cyclic cubic hypersurfaces.
description: 27 pages, minor changes
Cloning of rat amelotin and localization of the protein to the basal lamina of maturation stage ameloblasts and junctional epithelium
Creators: name: St-Arnaud, René
name: Smith, Charles E.
name: Nanci, Antonio
name: Wright, J. Timothy
name: Moffatt, Pierre
name: Simmons, Darrin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Formation of tooth enamel is a very complex process in which a specific set of proteins secreted by ameloblasts play a primordial role. As part of a screening procedure to identify novel proteins secreted by EO (enamel organ) cells of rat incisors, we isolated a partial cDNA fragment (EO-017) that is the homologue of the recently described mouse Amtn (amelotin) gene [Iwasaki, Bajenova, Somogyi-Ganss, Miller, Nguyen, Nourkeyhani, Gao, Wendel and Ganss (2005) J. Dent. Res. 84, 1127–1132]. Presented herein is the cloning of rat and pig full-length cDNAs with their deduced protein sequences. Detailed expression profiling by Northern-blot analysis and RT (reverse transcriptase)–PCR on rat and mouse tissues revealed highest expression in the mandible, more specifically in the maturation stage of the EO. Among all tissues tested, low expression was detected only in periodontal ligament, lung, thymus and gingiva. In silico analyses revealed that the Amtn gene is highly conserved in seven other mammals, but is absent from fish, birds and amphibians. The Amtn protein is enriched in proline, leucine, glutamine and threonine (52% of total) and contains a perfectly conserved protein kinase CK2 phosphorylation site. Transient transfection experiments in HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells) showed that secreted Amtn is post-translationally modified possibly through O-linked oligosaccharides on threonine residues. In concordance with its predominant expression site, immunofluorescence localization within the rat and mouse mandibles revealed Amtn localized to the basal lamina of maturation stage ameloblasts of incisors and unerupted molars. Intense Amtn protein expression was also detected in the internal basal lamina of junctional epithelium in molars. The peculiar and unique cellular localization of Amtn suggests a role in cell adhesion.
Cohesin protein SMC1 represses the nuclear receptor CAR-mediated synergistic activation of a human P450 gene by xenobiotics
Creators: name: Borchers, Christoph H.
name: Negishi, Masahiko
name: Inoue, Kaoru
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: CAR (constitutive active/androstane receptor) regulates both the distal enhancer PBREM (phenobarbital-responsive enhancer module) and the proximal element OARE [OA (okadaic acid) response element] to synergistically up-regulate the endogenous CYP2B6 (where CYP is cytochrome P450) gene in HepG2 cells. In this up-regulation, CAR acts as both a transcription factor and a co-regulator, directly binding to and enhancing PBREM upon activation by xenobiotics such as TCPOBOP {1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene} and indirectly associating with the OARE in response to OA [Swales, Kakizaki, Yamamoto, Inoue, Kobayashi and Negishi (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 3458–3466]. We have now identified the cohesin protein SMC1 (structural maintenance of chromosomes 1) as a CAR-binding protein and characterized it as a negative regulator of OARE activity, thus repressing synergy. Treatment with SMC1 small interfering RNA augmented the synergistic up-regulation of CYP2B6 expression 20-fold in HepG2 cells, while transient co-expression of spliced form of SMC1 abrogated the synergistic activation of a 1.8 kb CYP2B6 promoter. SMC1 indirectly binds to a 19 bp sequence (−236/−217) immediately downstream from the OARE in the CYP2B6 promoter. Both DNA affinity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that OA treatment dissociates SMC1 from the CYP2B6 promoter, reciprocating the indirect binding of CAR to OARE. These results are consistent with the conclusion that SMC1 binding represses OARE activity and its dissociation allows the recruitment of CAR to the OARE, synergizing PBREM activity and the expression of the CYP2B6 gene.
Application of Heterogeneity of Treatment-Effects Methods: Exploratory Analyses of a Trial of Exercise-Based Interventions for Knee Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Arbeeva, L.
name: Huffman, K.M.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Coffman, C.J.
name: Schwartz, T.A.
name: Goode, A.P.
name: Allen, K.D.
name: Callahan, L.F.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: Objective: To evaluate heterogeneity of treatment effects in a trial of exercise-based interventions for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Participants (n = 350) were randomized to standard physical therapy (PT; n = 140), internet-based exercise training (IBET; n = 142), or wait list (WL; n = 68) control. We applied qualitative interaction trees (QUINT), a sequential partitioning method, and generalized unbiased interaction detection and estimation (GUIDE), a regression tree approach, to identify subgroups with greater improvements in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score over 4 months. Predictors included 24 demographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics. We conducted internal validation to estimate optimism (bias) in the range of mean outcome differences among arms. Results: Both QUINT and GUIDE indicated that for participants with lower body mass index (BMI), IBET was better than PT (improvements of WOMAC ranged from 6.3 to 9.1 points lower), and for those with higher BMI and a longer duration of knee OA, PT was better than IBET (WOMAC improvement was 6.3 points). In GUIDE analyses comparing PT or IBET to WL, participants not employed had improvements in WOMAC ranging from 1.8 to 6.8 points lower with PT or IBT versus WL. From internal validation, there were large corrections to the mean outcome differences among arms; however, after correction, some differences remained in the clinically meaningful range. Conclusion: Results suggest there may be subgroups who experience greater improvement in symptoms from PT or IBET, and this finding could guide referrals and future trials. However, uncertainty persists for specific treatment-effects size estimates and how they apply beyond this study sample.
Zur Erinnerung an Robert Moser von Herzogenbuchsee, Ingenieur, 1838-1918
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1921
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Moser, Robert
subject: Herzogenbuchsee
subject: Zürich

description: Enthält: Einleitung; Abdankungsrede von Pfarrer P. Liechti; Ansprache von Prof. Dr. Albert Heim, gehalten im Trauerhaus am 23. Januar 1918; Gedenkworte von Ständerat Casimir von Arx, Präsident des Verwaltungsrates der Schweizer. Bundesbahnen, gesprochen in der Sitzung des Rates vom 29. Januar 1918 in Bern; In Memoriam Dr. Robert Moser von Maria Waser, aus "Die Schweiz", Jahrg. XXII, No. 2, Februar 1918 (Zürich, Berichthaus); Auswahl an andern Nekrologen: Basler Nachrichten (Prof. Dr. J. Steiger), Dovere (Cesare Bolla), Popolo e Libertà (Cesare Bolla), Schweizerische Bauzeitung (Ing. A. Jegher), Rivista tecnica della Svizzera italiana (Ing. G. Galli), Verhandlungen der Schweizer. Naturforsch. Gesellschaft (Prof. Dr. U. Grubenmann); Liste der Publikationen von Dr. Robert Moser
On pattern entropy of weak model sets
Creators: name: Huck, Christian
name: Richard, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study point sets arising from cut-and-project constructions. An important class is weak model sets, which include squarefree numbers and visible lattice points. For such model sets, we give a non-trivial upper bound on their pattern entropy in terms of the volume of the window boundary in internal space. This proves a conjecture by R.V. Moody.
description: 14 pages; v3: changes in some proofs, v4: minor changes in some proofs
Parathyas primitiva Lundblad 1926
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Parathyas
Parathyas primitiva

description: Parathyas primitiva Lundblad, 1926
Records from the study area: Kashmir—Lundblad (1934); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Mountain streams.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Src-family kinases mediate an outside-in signal necessary for β2 integrins to achieve full activation and sustain firm adhesion of polymorphonuclear leucocytes tethered on E-selectin
Creators: name: Smyth, Susan S.
name: Lowell, Clifford A.
name: Totani, Licia
name: Pecce, Romina
name: Piccardoni, Paola
name: Federico, Lorenzo
name: Piccoli, Antonio
name: Evangelista, Virgilio
name: Martelli, Nicola
name: Berton, Giorgio
name: Manarini, Stefano
name: Cerletti, Chiara
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: In cell suspensions subjected to high-shear rotatory motion, human PMN (polymorphonuclear cells) adhered to E-selectin-expressing CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells (CHO-E), and formed homotypic aggregates when challenged by E-selectin–IgG fusion protein, by a mechanism that involved β2 integrins. Both heterotypic and homotypic PMN adhesion was accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of a 110 kDa protein (P110). This event was prevented by blocking anti-(β2 integrin) antibodies and by inhibitors of Src-family kinases, suggesting that it was part of an ‘outside-in’ signalling that was initiated by integrin engagement. Interestingly, Src-family kinase inhibitors prevented β2-integrin-mediated (i) homotypic PMN adhesion triggered by E-selectin–IgG, (ii) heterotypic CHO-E/PMN adhesion in mixed-cell suspensions, and (iii) firm adhesion of PMN to CHO-E monolayers under physiological flow. Similarly to PMN treated with Src-family kinase inhibitors, PMN from hck−/−fgr−/− and hck−/−fgr−/−lyn−/− mice showed significant impairment of β2-integrin-mediated adhesion to CHO-E. Moreover, the expression of β2 integrin activation epitopes at the sites of cell–cell contact in CHO-E/PMN conjugates was abolished by Src-family kinase inhibitors. One component of P110 was identified as the FAK (focal adhesion kinase) Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), which was phosphorylated in a β2 integrin- and Src-family-kinase-dependent manner. Thus, Src-family kinases, and perhaps Pyk2, mediate a signal necessary for β2 integrin function in PMN tethered by E-selectin.
title: Lux junior 2021: 15. Internationales Forum für den lichttechnischen Nachwuchs, 04. – 06. Juni 2021, Ilmenau : Tagungsband
Creators: name: Vandahl, Cornelia
name: Schierz, Christoph
Publisher: name: Ilmenau Media Services
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Lichttechnik
subject: 621.3

description: Während des 15. Internationales Forums für den lichttechnischen Nachwuchs präsentieren Studenten, Doktoranden und junge Absolventen ihre Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnisse aus allen Bereichen der Lichttechnik. Die Themen bewegen sich dabei von Beleuchtungsanwendungen in verschiedensten Bereichen über Lichtmesstechnik, Kraftfahrzeugbeleuchtung, LED-Anwendung bis zu nichtvisuellen Lichtwirkungen. Seit ihrer ersten Austragung 1993 entwickelte sich die zweijährig stattfindende Tagung zu einer Traditionsveranstaltung, die das Fachgebiet Lichttechnik der TU Ilmenau gemeinsam mit der Deutschen Lichttechnischen Gesellschaft LiTG e. V. durchführt. Das Forum ist speziell für Studierende und junge Absolventen des Lichtbereiches konzipiert. Es bietet neben den Vorträgen und Postern die Möglichkeit zu Diskussionen und individuellem Austausch. Aufgrund der Kontaktbeschränkungen durch die Corona-Pandemie fand das Forum im Jahr 2021 online statt.
FX Variance Swap Model
Creators: name: Lee, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FX Variance Swap Model

description: A variance swap is a forward contract on annualized variance, the square of the realized volatility. The holder of a variance swap at expiration receives a notional amount for every point by which the realized variance has exceeded the variance delivery price. Valuation of the swap involves decomposition of the contract into two periods, one that has become historical, and the other with FX rates still unknown.
description: https://finpricing.com/lib/EqVariance.html
Testing supersymmetric Higgs inflation with non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Kawai, Shinsuke
name: Kim, Jinsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate multi-field signatures of the nonminimally coupled supersymmetric Higgs inflation-type cosmological scenario, focusing on the two-field Higgs-lepton inflation model as a concrete example. This type of inflationary model is realized in a theory beyond the Standard Model embedded in supergravity with a noncanonical Kähler potential. We employ the backward $δN$ formalism to compute cosmological observables, including the scalar and tensor power spectra, the spectral indices, the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the local-type nonlinearity parameter. The trajectory of the inflaton is controlled by the initial conditions of the inflaton as well as by the coefficients in the Kähler potential. We analyze the bispectrum of the primordial fluctuations when the inflaton trajectory deviates from a straight line, and obtain constraints on the noncanonical terms of the Kähler potential using the Planck satellite data. Our analysis represents a concrete particle phenomenology-based case study of inflation in which primordial non-Gaussianities can reveal aspects of supergravity.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, revtex4. v2: typos corrected, comments and references added, version to be published, v3: typos corrected
The Dbs PH domain contributes independently to membrane targeting and regulation of guanine nucleotide-exchange activity
Creators: name: Sondek, John
name: Lemmon, Mark A.
name: Baumeister, Mark A.
name: Rossman, Kent L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Dbl family GEFs (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) for the Rho GTPases almost invariably contain a PH (pleckstrin homology) domain adjacent to their DH (Dbl homology) domain. The DH domain is responsible for GEF activity, and the PH domain plays a regulatory role that remains poorly understood. We demonstrated previously that Dbl family PH domains bind phosphoinositides with low affinity and cannot function as independent membrane targeting modules. In the present study, we show that dimerization of a Dbs (Dbl's big sister) DH/PH domain fragment is sufficient to drive it to the plasma membrane through a mechanism involving PH domain–phosphoinositide interactions. Thus, the Dbs PH domain could play a significant role in membrane targeting if it co-operates with other domains in the protein. We also show that mutations that prevent phosphoinositide binding by the Dbs PH domain significantly impair cellular GEF activity even in chimaeric proteins that are robustly membrane targeted by farnesylation or by the PH domain of phospholipase C-δ1. This finding argues that the Dbs PH domain plays a regulatory role that is independent of its ability to aid membrane targeting. Thus, we suggest that the PH domain plays dual roles, contributing independently to membrane localization of Dbs (as part of a multi-domain interaction) and allosteric regulation of the DH domain.
Effects of anticholinergic and sedative medication use on fractures: A self-controlled design study
Creators: name: Stürmer, T.
name: Hanson, L.C.
name: Bailey, J.C.
name: Gnjidic, D.
name: Naumann, R.B.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Pepin, M.J.
name: Pate, V.
name: Lund, J.L.
name: Shmuel S.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2021

description: Background/Objectives: Unintentional falls are a leading cause of injury for older adults, and evidence is needed to understand modifiable risk factors. We evaluated 1-year fall-related fracture risk and whether dispensing of medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties is temporally associated with an increased odds of these fractures. Design: A retrospective cohort study with nested self-controlled analyses conducted between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016. Setting: Twenty percent nationwide, random sample of US Medicare beneficiaries. Participants: New users of medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties who were 66+ years old and had Medicare Parts A, B, and D coverage but no claims for medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties in the year before initiation were eligible. Measurements: We followed new users of medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties until first non-vertebral, fall-related fracture (primary outcome), Medicare disenrollment, death, or end of study data. We estimated the 1-year risk with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of first fracture after new use. We applied the self-controlled case-crossover and case-time-control designs to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs by comparing anticholinergic and/or sedating medication exposure (any vs. none) during a 14-day hazard period preceding the fracture to exposure to these medications during an earlier 14-day control period. Results: A total of 1,097,989 Medicare beneficiaries initiated medications with anticholinergic/sedating properties in the study period. The 1-year cumulative incidence of fall-related fracture, accounting for death as a competing risk, was 5.0% (95% CI: 5.0%–5.0%). Using the case-crossover design (n = 41,889), the adjusted OR for the association between anticholinergic/sedating medications and fractures was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.08). Accounting for the noted temporal trend using the case-time-control design (n = 209,395), the adjusted OR was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.52, 1.69). Conclusion: Use of anticholinergic/sedating medication was temporally associated with an increased odds of fall-related fractures. Patients and their healthcare providers should consider pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for the target condition that are safer.
Open-World Lifelong Graph Learning
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Marcel
name: Galke, Lukas
name: Scherp, Ansgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the problem of lifelong graph learning in an open-world scenario, where a model needs to deal with new tasks and potentially unknown classes. We utilize Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection methods to recognize new classes and adapt existing non-graph OOD detection methods to graph data. Crucially, we suggest performing new class detection by combining OOD detection methods with information aggregated from the graph neighborhood. Most OOD detection methods avoid determining a crisp threshold for deciding whether a vertex is OOD. To tackle this problem, we propose a Weakly-supervised Relevance Feedback (Open-WRF) method, which decreases the sensitivity to thresholds in OOD detection. We evaluate our approach on six benchmark datasets. Our results show that the proposed neighborhood aggregation method for OOD scores outperforms existing methods independent of the underlying graph neural network. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our Open-WRF method is more robust to threshold selection and analyze the influence of graph neighborhood on OOD detection. The aggregation and threshold methods are compatible with arbitrary graph neural networks and OOD detection methods, making our approach versatile and applicable to many real-world applications.
Significance of dried fish value chains in supporting the wellbeing of fishing communities: Insights from Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Galappaththi, Madu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 70499 Fisheries Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Dried fish is an important sub-sector within small-scale fisheries that support the livelihoods and wellbeing of fishing communities in Sri Lanka. Dried fish production, trading, and distribution activities are structured as value chains. However, the significance of these value chains in supporting the wellbeing of fishing communities is rarely acknowledged and poorly understood. Toward addressing this knowledge gap, this presentation aims to draw from value chains and social wellbeing literatures to examine how dried fish value chains underpin the wellbeing of fishing communities in Sri Lanka. The study employed qualitative case study approach to develop two place-based dried fish value chain case studies based on Kalutara and Kantale areas. Study findings revealed the scale, structural organization, and gendered roles within the study value chains. Furthermore, the findings highlighted the nuances of how these values chains support the material, relational, and subjective dimensions of wellbeing of women and men participating in them. Insights emerged through this study are of relevance to understand the entry points to strengthen dried fish value chains, particularly in the context of Food and Agriculture Organization’s Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries.
Extracting meson-baryon contributions to the electroexcitation of the $N(1675){\frac{5}{2}}^-$ nucleon resonance
Creators: name: Aznauryan, I. G.
name: Burkert, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the determination of the electrocouplings for the transition from the proton to the $N(1675){\frac{5}{2}}^-$ resonance state using recent differential cross section data on $e p \rightarrow eπ^+ n$ by the CLAS collaboration at $1.8 \le Q^2 < 4.5$GeV$^2$. The data have been analyzed using two different approaches, the unitary isobar model and fixed-t dispersion relations. The extracted $γ^* p\rightarrow N(1675){\frac{5}{2}}^-$ helicity amplitudes show considerable coupling through the $A^p_{1/2}$ amplitude, that is significantly larger than predicted three-quark contribution to this amplitude. The amplitude $A^p_{3/2}$ is much smaller. Both results are consistent with the predicted sizes of the meson-baryon contributions at $Q^2 \geq 1.8 $GeV$^2$ from the dynamical coupled-channel model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1412.0274
On representations of the Lie superalgebra p(n)
Creators: name: Serganova, Vera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a new way to study representations of the Lie superalgebra $p(n)$. Since the center of the universal enveloping algebra $U$ acts trivially on all irreducible representations, we suggest to study the quotient algebra $\bar{U}$ by the radical of $U$. We show that $\bar{U}$ has a large center which separates typical finite dimensional irreducible representations. We give a description of $\bar{U}$ factored by a generic central character. Using this description we obtain character formulae of generic (infinite-dimensional) irreducible representations. We also describe some geometric properties of the supervariety $Spec Gr \bar{U}$ in the coadjoint representation.
description: Article from 2002. 15 pages
Sex/gender differences in romantic jealousy in the UK and China : integrating social-cognitive and evolutionary approaches
Creators: name: Zhou, Mengxiao
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Gender differences
subject: Romantic jealousy
subject: Evolutionary psychology
subject: Social cognition
subject: Sexual psychology
subject: BF692.2Z5
subject: Sex differences (Psychology)
subject: Jealousy
subject: Social perception
subject: Sex (Psychology)

description: Men and women differ in experiencing romantic jealousy: men are more distressed by sexual infidelity, women by emotional infidelity; men are more distressed by rivals surpassing themselves in attainment of resources, women by those who are more attractive. Evolutionary psychology proposes evolved sex-differentiated jealousy mechanisms, whereas cultural constructionism proposes effects of culturally ascribed meanings to men and women. This thesis explores gender differences in romantic jealousy in UK and Chinese populations from both theoretical perspectives, as well as other potential factors not pre-defined in previous research. Chapter Three tests EP predictions of sex difference in jealousy response to sexual versus emotional infidelity, and the social cognitive prediction that men and women’s different interpretations of infidelity—which type of infidelity is more likely to imply co-occurrence of both types-- create the gender difference. On-line survey responses from UK and Chinese non-student samples are analysed. With t-test and ANOVA, EP predicted sex effect is consistently found by the relative criterion but not by the stringent criterion. With mediation analyses, men and women’s different interpretations of infidelity are consistently found to mediate the overall gender differences. Chapter Four tests EP predictions of sex differences in jealousy response to different rival traits, as well as predictions derived from the social cognitive perspective. On-line survey responses from UK and Chinese non-student samples are analysed. With ANOVA, EP predicted sex difference is consistently found only for traits related to attractiveness, but not to social and physical dominance. With mediation analyses, men and women’s different speculations about each other’s mate preferences are consistently found to mediate the overall gender differences. Chapter Five presents a qualitative, bottom-up analysis of social media comments to celebrity affairs in the UK and China. Moral evaluations and attribution, both not directly related to the mating domain, are found to influence perceptions of infidelity. Relations to the Moral Foundations theory and attributional theory of jealousy are discussed. The Conclusion Chapter discusses the results in relation to EP and cultural constructionist theories. Implications for an integrative, domain-overlapping account of human sexual psychology are discussed.
Ubiquitin–proteasome degradation of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1) is mediated by the chaperone-dependent E3 ligase CHIP
Creators: name: Conzen, Suzanne D.
name: Brickley, Deanna R.
name: Nicolarsen, Jeremy R.
name: Sharma, Sanjay
name: Belova, Larissa
name: Patterson, Cam
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: SGK-1 (serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1) is a stress-induced serine/threonine kinase that is phosphorylated and activated downstream of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase). SGK-1 plays a critical role in insulin signalling, cation transport and cell survival. SGK-1 mRNA expression is transiently induced following cellular stress, and SGK-1 protein levels are tightly regulated by rapid proteasomal degradation. In the present study we report that SGK-1 forms a complex with the stress-associated E3 ligase CHIP [C-terminus of Hsc (heat-shock cognate protein) 70-interacting protein]; CHIP is required for both the ubiquitin modification and rapid proteasomal degradation of SGK-1. We also show that CHIP co-localizes with SGK-1 at or near the endoplasmic reticulum. CHIP-mediated regulation of SGK-1 steady-state levels alters SGK-1 kinase activity. These data suggest a model that integrates CHIP function with regulation of the PI3K/SGK-1 pathway in the stress response.
Theory of ball lightning
Creators: name: Wu, H. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive theory on the formation of ball lightning, a luminous sphere sometimes observed after normal lightning. In a ball lightning event, a relativistic electron bunch can be produced by the stepped leader of lightning and coherently emit high-power microwave when striking the ground. The intense microwave ionizes the local air and evacuates the resulting plasma by its radiation pressure, thereby forming a spherical plasma cavity that traps the microwave. The theory can explain observed properties of ball lightning and should be useful to lightning protection and aviation safety.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, presented at the 1st International Symposium on Lightning and Storm-Related Phenomena (July 2-3, 2015) in Aurillac, France
Optically Induced Nuclear Spin Polarization in the Quantum Hall Regime: The Effect of Electron Spin Polarization through Exciton and Trion Excitations
Creators: name: Akiba, K.
name: Kanasugi, S.
name: Yuge, T.
name: Nagase, K.
name: Hirayama, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nuclear spin polarization in the quantum Hall regime through the optically pumped electron spin polarization in the lowest Landau level. The nuclear spin polarization is measured as a nuclear magnetic field $B_N$ by means of the sensitive resistive detection. We find the dependence of $B_N$ on filling factor unmonotonous. The comprehensive measurements of $B_N$ with the help of the circularly polarized photoluminescence measurements indicate the participation of the photo-excited complexes i.e., the exciton and trion (charged exciton), in nuclear spin polarization. On the basis of a novel estimation method of the equilibrium electron spin polarization, we analyze the experimental data and conclude that the filling factor dependence of $B_N$ is understood by the effect of electron spin polarization through excitons and trions.
Structures of the four subfamilies of phosphodiesterase-4 provide insight into the selectivity of their inhibitors
Creators: name: Cai, Jiwen
name: Chen, Yi
name: Ke, Hengming
name: Houslay, Miles D.
name: Robinson, Howard
name: Geng, Jie
name: Peng, Ming-Sheng
name: Wang, Huanchen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: PDE4 (phosphodiesterase-4)-selective inhibitors have attracted much attention as potential therapeutics for the treatment of both depression and major inflammatory diseases, but their practical application has been compromised by side effects. A possible cause for the side effects is that current PDE4-selective inhibitors similarly inhibit isoforms from all four PDE4 subfamilies. The development of PDE4 subfamily-selective inhibitors has been hampered by a lack of structural information. In the present study, we rectify this by providing the crystal structures of the catalytic domains of PDE4A, PDE4B and PDE4D in complex with the PDE4 inhibitor NVP {4-[8-(3-nitrophenyl)-[1,7]naphthyridin-6-yl]benzoic acid} as well as the unliganded PDE4C structure. NVP binds in the same conformation to the deep cAMP substrate pocket and interacts with the same residues in each instance. However, detailed structural comparison reveals significant conformational differences. Although the active sites of PDE4B and PDE4D are mostly comparable, PDE4A shows significant displacements of the residues next to the invariant glutamine residue that is critical for substrate and inhibitor binding. PDE4C appears to be more distal from other PDE4 subfamilies, with certain key residues being disordered. Our analyses provide the first structural basis for the development of PDE4 subfamily-selective inhibitors.
Anti-cooperative assembly of the SRP19 and SRP68/72 components of the signal recognition particle
Creators: name: Weeks, Kevin M.
name: Fried, Howard M.
name: Maity, Tuhin Subhra
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The mammalian signal recognition particle (SRP) represents an important model for the assembly and role of inter-domain interactions in complex ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). We analyze the interdependent interactions between the SRP19, SRP68 and SRP72 proteins and the SRP RNA. SRP72 binds the SRP RNA largely via non-specific electrostatic interactions and enhances the affinity of SRP68 for the RNA. SRP19 and SRP68 both bind directly and specifically to the same two RNA helices, but on opposite faces and at opposite ends. SRP19 binds at the apexes of helices 6 and 8, whereas the SRP68/72 heterodimer binds at the three-way junction involving RNA helices 5, 6 and 8. Even though both SRP19 and SRP68/72 stabilize a similar parallel orientation for RNA helices 6 and 8, these two proteins bind to the RNA with moderate anti-cooperativity. Long-range anti-cooperative binding by SRP19 and SRP68/72 appears to arise from stabilization of distinct conformations in the stiff intervening RNA scaffold. Assembly of large RNPs is generally thought to involve either cooperative or energetically neutral interactions among components. In contrast, our findings emphasize that antagonistic interactions can play significant roles in assembly of multi-subunit RNPs.
Symplectic homology of some Brieskorn manifolds
Creators: name: Uebele, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, we use symplectic homology to distinguish the contact structures on the Brieskorn manifolds $Σ(2l,2,2,2)$, which contact homology cannot distinguish. This answers a question from [22]. In the second part, we prove the existence of infinitely many exotic but homotopically trivial exotic contact structures on $S^7$, distinguished by the mean Euler characteristic of $S^1$-equivariant symplectic homology. Apart from various connected sum constructions, these contact structures can be taken from the Brieskorn manifolds $Σ(78k+1,13,6,3,3)$. We end with some considerations about extending this result to higher dimensions.
description: 33 pages; several small corrections. To appear in Mathematische Zeitschrift. The final publication is available at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00209-015-1596-3
Regulation of Rnd3 Localization and Function By PKCα-Mediated Phosphorylation
Creators: name: Philips, Mark R.
name: Der, Channing J.
name: Ridley, Anne J.
name: Madigan, James P.
name: Dewar, Brian J.
name: Brady, Donita C.
name: Keller, Patricia J.
name: Leitges, Michael
name: Bodemann, Brian O.
name: Cox, Adrienne D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The Rnd proteins (Rnd1, Rnd2 and Rnd3/RhoE) form a distinct branch of the Rho family of small GTPases. Altered Rnd3 expression causes changes in cytoskeletal organization and cell cycle progression. Rnd3 functions to decrease RhoA activity, but how Rnd3 itself is regulated to cause these changes is still under investigation. Unlike other Rho family proteins, Rnd3 is regulated not by GTP/GDP cycling, but at the level of expression and by posttranslational modifications such as prenylation and phosphorylation. We show here that, upon PKC agonist stimulation, Rnd3 undergoes an electrophoretic mobility shift and its subcellular localization becomes enriched at internal membranes. These changes are blocked by inhibition of conventional PKC isoforms and do not occur in PKCα-null cells or to a nonphosphorylatable mutant of Rnd3. We further show that PKCα directly phosphorylates Rnd3 in an in vitro kinase assay. Additionally, we provide evidence that the phosphorylation status of Rnd3 has a direct effect on its ability to block signaling from the Rho-ROCK pathway. These results identify an additional mechanism of regulation and provide clarification of how Rnd3 modulates Rho signaling to alter cytoskeletal organization.
Incidence and progression of ankle osteoarthritis: The johnston county osteoarthritis project
Creators: name: Jaleel, A.
name: Nelson, A.E.
name: Golightly, Y.M.
name: Renner, J.B.
Publisher: name: W.B. Saunders
Year: 2021

description: Objective: To determine the incidence and progression of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) and associated risk factors in a community-based cohort of African Americans and whites. Methods: Data were from 541 participants who had standardized lateral and mortise radiography of the ankles in weight bearing at baseline (2013–2015) and follow-up (2017–2018). Incident radiographic ankle OA (rAOA) was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG) ≥ 1 at follow-up among ankles with baseline KLG < 1; progressive rAOA was a ≥ 1 KLG increase at follow-up among ankles with KLG ≥ 1 at baseline. Symptoms were assessed using self-reported pain, aching, and stiffness (PAS) on most days and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) symptoms subscale. Ankle-level logistic regression models were used to assess associations of ankle outcomes with covariates (age, sex, race, body mass index [BMI], smoking, number of symptomatic joints, comorbidities, prior ankle injury, and knee or foot OA). Results: Among ankles without rAOA at baseline, 28% developed incident rAOA, 37% had worsening FAOS symptoms, and 7% had worsening PAS. Incident rAOA and worsening ankle symptoms were associated with higher BMI and symptoms in other joints. Among ankles with baseline rAOA, 4% had progressive rAOA, 35% had worsening of FAOS symptoms, and 9% had worsening PAS. rAOA progression was associated with ankle injury and concomitant knee or foot OA; worsening of symptoms was associated with higher BMI and other symptomatic joints. Conclusions: Not all ankle OA is post-traumatic. Smoking prevention/cessation, a healthy weight, and injury prevention may be methods for reducing the incidence and progression of rAOA.
IPBES invasive alien species assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.2.3.5: Externalities of negative impacts and cost
Creators: name: Ikeda, Tohru
name: Vandvik, Vigdis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.2.3.5 assesses the role of externalities of negative impacts and cost as economic drivers of biological invasions. The experts conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review consists in the main source of evidence for the section.