cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Allographa norvestitoides Lucking & Kalb 2018, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Kalb, Jutarat
name: Lücking, Robert
name: Kalb, Klaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Ostropales
Graphidaceae
Allographa
Allographa norvestitoides

description: Allographa norvestitoides (Sutjaritt.) Lücking & Kalb, comb. nov.
Mycobank MB 827657
 Basionym: Graphis norvestitoides Sutjaritturakan, in: Lücking et al., Lichenologist 44 (3): 391 (2012).
 Type:— THAILAND. Nakhon Ratchasima province, Khao Yai National Park, forest behind former heliport, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 700 m, J. Sutjaritturakan 12763 (RAMK!, holotype).
 Thallus corticolous, whitish grey to pale green-gray, continuous, smooth to uneven, corticate, slightly glossy. Lirellae prominent, with distinct lateral and thin to very thin complete thalline margin, short to elongate, up to 10 mm long, straight or curved, simple or sparsely branched, labia convergent, entire, becoming finely striate, covered by a thin thalline cortex, disc concealed, (acharii- morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium strongly inspersed (type B); ascospores 4–8/ascus, hyaline, terminally muriform, with 15–21 transverse septa and 1–2 longitudinal septa in the terminal segments, 60–100 × 10–15 μm.
Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), ± connorstictic acid (minor).
 Distribution and habitat:— Allographa norvestitoides is so far only known from Northeast Thailand (type locality). It is growing on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest at 700 m.
 Remarks:—The name (as Graphis norvestitoides) was first mentioned in Lücking et al. (2009), but no description was provided. Therefore, the name was subsequently validated in Lücking et al. (2012). Unfortunately, the species is misplaced in the world key (group 18, hymenium clear), but it should key out in group 20 (hymenium inspersed). This lapsus was already corrected in Bárcenas Peña et al. (2014).The species is similar to Allographa vestitoides (Fink) Lücking & Kalb (see below), but the latter differs in having a clear hymenium and in lacking secondary lichen products. Great care must be taken when investigating the ascospores, because the longitudinal septa in the terminal segments are not always easy to recognize and not present in all ascospores.
description: Published as part of Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 377 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13728852
Chalmers e-Commons: One gateway to multiple services
Creators: name: Azopardi, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: E-infrastructure, Chalmers, Research data management

description: Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden conducts research and education in technology and natural sciences at a high international level. Following an in-depth internal analysis of the needs of digital research infrastructure and support, Chalmers e-Infrastructure Commons' (e-Commons was established by the president of Chalmers. E-Commons' mandate is to deliver integrated support to researchers at Chalmers within calculations, simulations, analysis and management of large or complex data.

 An integral element of e-Commons' mission is to provide data management support throughout the whole data lifecycle. This is offered via e-Commons' Chalmers Data Office, collecting expertise from data librarians, technical staff, and archivists and providing links to the supporting IT services. Initial focus is on a data management plan tool via Data Stewardship Wizard, data publication support via SND's DORIS data publishing tool and web catalog, and constant availability for data management support via its Digital Research Data engineer function.

 E-Commons aims for researchers to experience continuous flow in the research data lifecycle, integrating modular solutions into existing workflows. Researchers will have one point of access for all data needs, from which metadata can then be stored to and shared with several services: Project information is registered in Chalmers' project database (CRIS), from which relevant metadata is used to prefill a DMP, using Data Stewardship Wizard. DMPs can then automatically provide information to allocate storage, processing, and other resources. Relevant material/data can be marked for archival at an appropriate stage.

 Potential issues could also be flagged early on (e.g., presence of sensitive data). DMP contents can also be forwarded to SND's data documentation and publication system (DORIS), automatically providing metadata and marking relevant data for publication.

 Automating workflows between DMPs, local storage and DORIS is the focus of a pilot project between Chalmers, SND, and KTH University of Technology.
Professor Mark Wainberg
Creators: name: Weiss, Robin
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Benkirane, Monsef
name: Fujii, Masahiro
name: Gorry, Paul
name: Strebel, Klaus
name: Nijhuis, Monique
name: Lever, Andrew
name: Fassati, Ariberto
name: Mak, Johnson
name: Berkhout, Ben
name: Borrow, Persephone
name: Venter, Francois
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: When Kuan-Teh Jeang (‘Teh’ to everyone) made the bold
and prescient decision to join the earliest wave of pure
online academic publishing and founded the journal Retrovirology,
Mark Wainberg was one of the simplest and
most obvious choices for him to invite to join the editorial
team. Mark’s long established and highly respected
position in the field of HIV and AIDS research added
enormously to the embryonic journal’s immediate credibility
and stature. Mark’s seminal achievements in recent
years have been in antiretroviral therapy and viral resistance
mechanisms but, in a publishing career on HIV
spanning 30 years and over 550 publications, there were
few areas of HIV research that he did not investigate and
he brought that enormous range of expertise and experience
to Retrovirology. His many achievements in the
field will be described in detail by others, including his
trainees and colleagues from Canada, in a shortly to be
published obituary in this journal. When Teh himself
was so sadly taken from us it was again Mark’s stature
and reputation and his boundless enthusiasm and energy
that was so important in maintaining the momentum and
profile of the Journal as he took on the role of Co-Editor
in Chief.
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Wøldike, Georg

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1730 for Georg Wøldike.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Tracking New Physics at the LHC and beyond
Creators: name: Spannowsky, Michael
name: Stoll, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy resonances are an integral part of many extensions of the Standard Model. The discovery of such heavy resonances are a primary goal at the LHC and future hadron colliders. When a particle with TeV-scale mass decays into electroweak-scale objects, these objects are highly boosted and their decay products are then strongly collimated, possibly to an extent that they cannot be resolved in the calorimeters of the detectors any more. We develop taggers for electroweak-scale resonances by combining the good energy resolution of the hadronic calorimeter with the superior spatial resolution of the tracking detector. Using track-based techniques we reconstruct heavy $W'$ and $Z'$ bosons and constrain the branching ratio of the rare Higgs boson decay $H \to Z A \to l^+l^-$ jets. The taggers show a good momentum-independent performance up to very large boosts. Using the proposed techniques will allow experiments at the LHC and a future hadron collider to significantly extend its reach in searches for heavy resonances.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures
Regulatory Compliance within the Software Industry: Interpretation of Regulatory Ambiguity as a Compliance Concern
Creators: name: Kempe, Evelyn Marie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: ambiguity modeling
regulatory ambiguity
regulatory compliance
software development

description: Software companies must demonstrate and communicate due diligence toward compliance with applicable regulations and laws within their organizational processes and procedures. The ambiguous phrasing within regulations (i.e., regulatory ambiguities), though, can be challenging for a software developer trying to develop and interpret regulatory compliance requirements for software. Because of this challenge, software organizations or development teams need help communicating and documenting their compliance process during software development. Legal consultants, regulating officials, or compliance auditors can have similar challenges trying to interpret the development work of a software organization and determine if they have applied the requisite amount of due diligence toward regulatory compliance. My dissertation studies a process to assist software developers in interpreting regulatory ambiguities and accomplishes three goals. The first goal is to understand the software industries’ perceptions of compliance through an interview study and survey. The second goal is to observe the reasoning and communication behind interpreting and modeling regulatory ambiguities within a group of software practitioners via a multi-case study. Finally, goal three validates the ambiguity modeling process as useful from an auditor’s perspective through a focus group. The ambiguity modeling process within this work elicits and documents regulatory analysis to support technical compliance decisions and due diligence within a software development process that is reviewable by regulators or external third parties interested in a software organization’s compliance procedures. This approach has advantages for various stakeholders. This process allows software developers to communicate specific instances of ‘gray areas’ in regulation, such as conflicting requirements or unclear terminology, during compliance requirements development so they may receive further guidance and resolution. For auditors assessing organizations for regulatory compliance, ambiguity models demonstrate that software organizations are aware of and discuss their compliance requirements. The models can facilitate meaningful conversations for other stakeholder groups, bridging communication gaps with a software engineering team that can hinder regulatory compliance analysis and development. For the software engineering community, prior research lists challenges with regulatory compliance. My research addresses some of those challenges while promoting compliance communication amongst software stakeholders and assisting in developing a compliance culture within software organizations.
Chiral loops in the isospin violating decays of D_{s1}(2460) and D*_{s0}(2317)
Creators: name: Fajfer, Svjetlana
name: Brdnik, Anita Prapotnik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positive parity meson states D*_{s0}(2317) and D_{s1}(2460) have masses slightly below the DK threshold. Therefore, both states can strongly decay only into isospin violating decays D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds ππ, D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds* π0 and D*_{s0}(2317) --> Ds π0. The pion states are having rather small energies, what makes these decays appropriate to study within heavy meson chiral perturbation theory and calculate loop contributions. The D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds ππdecays occur only at the loop level. Amplitude is a result of chiral loop contributions, which then have to be finite. However, in the case of D_{s1}(2460)--> Ds* π0 and D*_{s0}(2317)--> Ds π0 decays, there is a tree level contribution. We find that chiral loop contributions might be important in both cases. The calculated amplitudes are sensitive on the coupling constant describing the interaction of positive and negative parity heavy meson multiplets with the light pseudoscalars. The counter-terms contributions are also present in the amplitudes D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds* π0 and D*_{s0}(2317) --> Ds π0. We explore experimentally known ratio of the decay widths for these two decay modes to estimate the size of counter-terms contributions. We determine decay widths for both decay modes to be Gamma (D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds π+ π-) = 0.25 keV and Gamma (D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds + π0 π0 ) = 0.15 keV.
Allographa pavoniana Lucking & Kalb 2018, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Kalb, Jutarat
name: Lücking, Robert
name: Kalb, Klaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Ostropales
Graphidaceae
Allographa
Allographa pavoniana

description: Allographa pavoniana (Fée) Lücking & Kalb, comb. nov.
Mycobank MB 827658
 Basionym: Graphis pavoniana Fée, Essai Crypt. Exot. (Paris): 40 (1825).
 Type:— PERU. Ad corticem Cinchonae lancifoliae (G!, lectotype, designated by Staiger 2002: 246).
 Thallus corticolous, whitish, or grayish, continuous, smooth or uneven, corticate, dull, slightly farinose when abraded. Lirellae erumpent, with a lateral thalline margin, elongate, up to 5 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire, whitish pruinose along the slit, disc concealed (glaucescens- morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 4–8/ascus, hyaline, 10–13-septate, 38–60 × 8–10 μm; 7–16-septate, 40–70 × 7–11 μm (lectotype, Staiger 2002); 7–11-septate, 39–47 × 8–10 μm (M. Nakanishi, annotation slip attached to type).
Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. B. Staiger).
 Distribution and habitat:—Reported mostly from the Neotropics (Lücking et al. 2009), but a few collections are published from Thailand, Chiang Mai province (Aptroot et al. 2007). The sample however, which is cited in Pitakpong et al. 2015, viz. Lücking 16100c, and adopted in the Thai checklist (Buaruang et al. 2017) does not originate from Thailand but it is from Costa Rica.
 Remarks:—The lectotype as well as the Thai material show distinctly branched lirellae, but we have also seen material with unbranched or scarcely branched lirellae which is otherwise identical with typical material.
 Material from Thailand examined:— Nakhon Sri Thammarat province: Mueang district, tambon Tha Rai, besides the road in front of Peampraporn farm, on bark of an unidentified tree, in a secondary forest, 40 m, 08°25’06’’ N, 99°50’53’’ E, 15 October 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4826 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42423)— Phuket province: Thalang district, in the area of Kho Rang, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 130 m, 07°53’40’’ N, 98°22’48’’ E, 22 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4088, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42493).
description: Published as part of Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 377 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13728852
In Vivo Suppression of HIV Rebound by Didehydro-Cortistatin A, a “Block-and-Lock” Strategy for HIV-1 Treatment
Creators: name: Fallahi, Mohammad
name: Trautmann, Lydie
name: Honeycutt, Jenna B.
name: Li, Chaun
name: Ho, Phong T.
name: Takata, Hiroshi
name: Kessing, Cari F.
name: Mousseau, Guillaume
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Tsai, Perry
name: Valente, Susana T.
name: Nixon, Christopher C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: HIV-1 Tat activates viral transcription and limited Tat transactivation correlates with latency establishment. We postulated a “block-and-lock” functional cure approach based on properties of the Tat inhibitor didehydro-Cortistatin A (dCA). HIV-1 transcriptional inhibitors could block ongoing viremia during antiretroviral therapy (ART), locking the HIV promoter in persistent latency. We investigated this hypothesis in human CD4+ T cells isolated from aviremic individuals. Combining dCA with ART accelerates HIV-1 suppression and prevents viral rebound after treatment interruption, even during strong cellular activation. We show that dCA mediates epigenetic silencing by increasing nucleosomal occupancy at Nucleosome-1, restricting RNAPII recruitment to the HIV-1 promoter. The efficacy of dCA was studied in the bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mouse model of HIV latency and persistence. Adding dCA to ART-suppressed mice systemically reduces viral mRNA in tissues. Moreover, dCA significantly delays and reduces viral rebound levels upon treatment interruption. Altogether, this work demonstrates the potential of block-and-lock cure strategies. Tat inhibitors are amenable to functional cure approaches, which aim to reduce residual viremia during ART and limit viral rebound during treatment interruption. Using didehydro-Cortistatin A (dCA), Kessing et al. demonstrate the concept in human CD4+ T cells from aviremic individuals and in the bone marrow-liver-thymus mouse model of HIV latency.
Galaxy clustering, CMB and supernova data constraints on $ϕ$CDM model with massive neutrinos
Creators: name: Chen, Yun
name: Xu, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a scalar field dark energy model (i.e., $ϕ$CDM model) with massive neutrinos, where the scalar field possesses an inverse power-law potential, i.e., $V(ϕ)\propto ϕ^{-α}$ ($α>0$). We find that the sum of neutrino masses $Σm_ν$ has significant impacts on the CMB temperature power spectrum and on the matter power spectrum. In addition, the parameter $α$ also has slight impacts on the spectra. A joint sample, including CMB data from Planck 2013 and WMAP9, galaxy clustering data from WiggleZ and BOSS DR11, and JLA compilation of Type Ia supernova observations, is adopted to confine the parameters. Within the context of the $ϕ$CDM model under consideration, the joint sample determines the cosmological parameters to high precision. It turns out that $α<4.995$ at 95% CL for the $ϕ$CDM model. And yet, the $Λ$CDM scenario corresponding to $α= 0$ is not ruled out at 95% CL. Moreover, we get $Σm_ν< 0.262$ eV at 95% CL for the $ϕ$CDM model, while the corresponding one for the $Λ$CDM model is $Σm_ν < 0.293$ eV. The allowed scale of $Σm_ν$ in the $ϕ$CDM model is a bit smaller than that in the $Λ$CDM model. It is consistent with the qualitative analysis, which reveals that the increases of $α$ and $Σm_ν$ both can result in the suppression of the matter power spectrum. As a consequence, when $α$ is larger, in order to avoid suppressing the matter power spectrum too much, the value of $Σm_ν$ should be smaller.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Interplay of Anderson localization and quench dynamics
Creators: name: Rahmani, Armin
name: Vishveshwara, Smitha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of an isolated three-dimensional noninteracting fermionic lattice system, we study the effects of a sudden quantum quench between a disorder-free situation and one in which disorder results in a mobility edge and associated Anderson localization. Salient post-quench features hinge upon the overlap between momentum states and post-quench eigenstates and whether these latter states are extended or localized. We find that the post-quench momentum distribution directly reflects these overlaps. For the local density, we show that disorder generically prevents the equilibration of quantum expectation values to a steady state and that the persistent fluctuations have a nonmonotonic dependence on the strength of disorder. We identify two distinct types of fluctuations, namely, temporal fluctuations describing the time-dependent fluctuations of the local density around its time average and sample-to-sample fluctuations characterizing the variations of these time averages from one realization of disorder to another. We demonstrate that both of these fluctuations vanish for extremely extended as well as extremely localized states, peaking at some intermediate value.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Systemic administration of antiretrovirals prior to exposure prevents rectal and intravenous HIV-1 transmission in humanized BLT mice
Creators: name: Payne, Deborah A.
name: Powell, Daniel A.
name: Denton, Paul W.
name: Mathias, Melissa
name: Kwak, Youn Tae
name: Estes, Jacob D.
name: Zou, Wei
name: Krisko, John F.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Martinez-Torres, Francisco
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Successful antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for mucosal and intravenous HIV-1 transmission could reduce new infections among targeted high-risk populations including discordant couples, injection drug users, high-risk women and men who have sex with men. Targeted antiretroviral PrEP could be particularly effective at slowing the spread of HIV-1 if a single antiretroviral combination were found to be broadly protective across multiple routes of transmission. Therefore, we designed our in vivo preclinical study to systematically investigate whether rectal and intravenous HIV-1 transmission can be blocked by antiretrovirals administered systemically prior to HIV-1 exposure. We performed these studies using a highly relevant in vivo model of mucosal HIV-1 transmission, humanized Bone marrow/Liver/Thymus mice (BLT). BLT mice are susceptible to HIV-1 infection via three major physiological routes of viral transmission: vaginal, rectal and intravenous. Our results show that BLT mice given systemic antiretroviral PrEP are efficiently protected from HIV-1 infection regardless of the route of exposure. Specifically, systemic antiretroviral PrEP with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate prevented both rectal (Chi square = 8.6, df = 1, p = 0.003) and intravenous (Chi square = 13, df= 1, p = 0.0003) HIV-1 transmission. Our results indicate that antiretroviral PrEP has the potential to be broadly effective at preventing new rectal or intravenous HIV transmissions in targeted high risk individuals. These in vivo preclinical findings provide strong experimental evidence supporting the potential clinical implementation of antiretroviral based pre-exposure prophylactic measures to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Fair and Interpretable Pseudo Value-Based Deep Learning Models for Federated Survival Analysis
Creators: name: Rahman, Md Mahmudur
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024

description: Survival analysis, or time-to-event analysis, aims to predict the time until an event occurs, providing valuable insights into the temporal aspects of various phenomena, such as disease progression. This dissertation addresses the growing need for fair and interpretable machine learning models in survival analysis within the healthcare domain, alongside the necessity for privacy-preserving distributed training methods to enhance generalization and data utilization. In particular, we focus on the following problems: 1) how to efficiently handle censoring, i.e., incomplete survival outcomes; 2) how to make unbiased estimations of the survival analysis quantities in the presence of competing risks and multi-state transitions; 3) how to enhance the interpretability and fairness of survival analysis models; and 4) how to enable privacy-preserving distributed training of survival models to address limited data utilization and lack of generalization due to strict privacy laws such as GDPR and HIPAA. In this dissertation, we provide the following solutions to these problems: 1) To address the censoring challenge, we utilize theoretically consistent pseudo-values from statistical paradigms, simplifying the problem to a regression analysis task. 2) To provide unbiased survival predictions for complex problems like competing risk and multi-state survival analysis, we introduce novel pseudo-value-based deep learning models, DeepPseudo and msPseudo. 3) To enhance interpretability, we propose a pseudo-value-based neural additive model, PseudoNAM, which achieves performance comparable to deep models while offering global and feature-level interpretations. Additionally, we propose the Fair DeepPseudo and Fair PseudoNAM models, incorporating new fairness constraints into a novel pseudo-value-based objective function to ensure equitable and trustworthy survival predictions in the presence of demographic and censoring bias. 4) To enable multi-institution collaboration while preserving data privacy, we introduce federated learning frameworks, FedPseudo for survival analysis and Fedora for competing risk analysis. Furthermore, we introduce a random forest-based federated survival analysis (FSA) framework, FedPRF, to address the communication burden in model exchange and a pioneering fair FSA framework, FairFSA, which integrates fairness through distributionally robust optimization to ensure equitable global survival predictions across clients. We evaluated our approaches on both centralized and decentralized survival datasets, achieving significant improvements over existing methods. These advancements are expected to facilitate better decision-making, optimize healthcare resource allocation, reduce costs, improve treatment interventions and therapy strategies, enhance patient care, and ultimately contribute to improved survival outcomes.
Asymptotic solution for three-dimensional reaction-diffusion-advection equation with periodic boundary conditions
Creators: name: Liubavin, Aleksei
name: Ni, Mingkang
name: Zhang, Ye
name: Chaikovskii, Dmitrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this study, we investigate the dynamics of moving fronts in three-dimensional spaces, which form as a result of in-situ combustion during oil production. This phenomenon is also observed in other contexts, such as various autowave models and the propagation of acoustic waves. Our analysis involves a singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion-advection type initial-boundary value problem of a general form. We employ methods from asymptotic theory to develop an approximate smooth solution with an internal layer. Using local coordinates, we focus on the transition layer, where the solution undergoes rapid changes. Once the location of the transition layer is established, we can describe the solution across the full domain of the problem. Numerical examples are provided, demonstrating the high accuracy of the asymptotic method in predicting the behaviors of moving fronts.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures
Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis prevents vaginal transmission of HIV-1 in humanized BLT mice
Creators: name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Estes, Jacob D.
name: Othieno, Florence A.
name: Haase, Ashley T.
name: Powell, Daniel A.
name: Wei, Bangdong L.
name: Payne, Deborah
name: Denton, Paul W.
name: Wege, Anja K.
name: Sun, Zhifeng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Background: Worldwide, vaginal transmission now accounts for more than half of newly acquired HIV-1 infections. Despite the urgency to develop and implement novel approaches capable of preventing HIV transmission, this process has been hindered by the lack of adequate small animal models for preclinical efficacy and safety testing. Given the importance of this route of transmission, we investigated the susceptibility of humanized mice to intravaginal HIV-1 infection. Methods and Findings: We show that the female reproductive tract of humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mice is reconstituted with human CD4+ T and other relevant human cells, rendering these humanized mice susceptible to intravaginal infection by HIV-1. Effects of HIV-1 infection include CD4+ T cell depletion in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) that closely mimics what is observed in HIV-1-infected humans. We also show that pre-exposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs is a highly effective method for preventing vaginal HIV-1 transmission. Whereas 88% (7/8) of BLT mice inoculated vaginally with HIV-1 became infected, none of the animals (0/5) given pre-exposure prophylaxis of emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) showed evidence of infection (Chi square = 7.5, df = 1, p = 0.006). Conclusions: The fact that humanized BLT mice are susceptible to intravaginal infection makes this system an excellent candidate for preclinical evaluation of both microbicides and pre-exposure prophylactic regimens. The utility of humanized mice to study intravaginal HIV-1 transmission is particularly highlighted by the demonstration that pre-exposure prophylaxis can prevent intravaginal HIV-1 transmission in the BLT mouse model.
Observation of tunable bandgap and anisotropic Dirac semimetal state in black phosphorus
Creators: name: Kim, Jimin
name: Baik, Seung Su
name: Ryu, Sae Hee
name: Sohn, Yeongsup
name: Park, Soohyung
name: Park, Byeong-Gyu
name: Denlinger, Jonathan
name: Yi, Yeonjin
name: Choi, Hyoung Joon
name: Kim, Keun Su
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black phosphorus consists of stacked layers of phosphorene, a two-dimensional semiconductor with promising device characteristics. We report the realization of a widely tunable bandgap in few-layer black phosphorus doped with potassium using an in-situ surface doping technique. Through band-structure measurements and calculations, we demonstrate that a vertical electric field from dopants modulates the bandgap owing to the giant Stark effect and tunes the material from a moderate-gap semiconductor to a band-inverted semimetal. At the critical field of this band inversion, the material becomes a Dirac semimetal with anisotropic dispersion, linear in armchair and quadratic in zigzag directions. The tunable band structure of black phosphorus may allow great flexibility in design and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Allographa phaeospora Lucking & Kalb 2018, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Kalb, Jutarat
name: Lücking, Robert
name: Kalb, Klaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Ostropales
Graphidaceae
Allographa
Allographa phaeospora

description: Allographa phaeospora (Vain.) Lücking & Kalb, comb. nov.
Mycobank MB 827659
 Basionym: Graphis phaeospora Vainio, Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 7 (2): 97 (1890).
 Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais state: ad corticem arborum prope Sitio, 1000 m, Vainio 682 (TUR-Vainio 27166!, holotype).
 Thallus corticolous, whitish or bluish gray, thick, continuous, smooth, corticate, dull to slightly glossy. Lirellae prominent, with a complete, apically thin thalline margin, elongate, up to 7 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, scarcely irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire or striate with age, disc concealed, (negrosina- morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium inspersed (type B); ascospores 1–4 (–6)/ascus, hyaline, slightly ochre with age, densely muriform, 23–28 × 4–6-septate, 80–110 × 16–22 μm (protologue); 90–140 × 26–36 μm (Staiger 2002 as G. subcinerea ad int.).
Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (annotation slips attached to holotype by Nakanishi and Moore).
 Distribution and habitat:—Reported from Brazil (type locality), Papua New Guinea (Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 – present) and from Thailand, Chiang Mai province (Aptroot et al. 2007 as G. subcinerea). It was not present in our material from Thailand.
 Remarks:—As the lirellae remain entire for a long time and become striate rather late, this species is keyed out at two different places in the key.
description: Published as part of Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 377 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13728852
Old Law, New Tech, and Citizen-Created Hashtags: #BlackLivesMatter and the Case for Provisional Hashtag Marks
Creators: name: Mahin, Stephanie L.
name: Ekstrand, Victoria Smith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Using #BlackLivesMatter as a case study, this research documents the tensions and harms associated with trademarking online social movement hashtags. Grounded in the work of critical race theory and intellectual property scholars, this study analyzes the inconsistencies in the United States Patent and Trademark Office application practice. The contradictions signal a limited or “mis”understanding of the utility of citizen-created hashtags and online social movement slogans. We propose a provisional networked trademark that would grant limited protection to social movements in order to show that their mark demonstrates the kind of secondary meaning required for a traditional trademark.
Volumetric and Linear Analysis of Soft Tissue Changes After Tooth Extraction and Socket Grafting
Creators: name: Lopez, Brenda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Introduction: The success and survival of dental implants are dependent on proper three- dimensional positioning in the bone, the anatomical shape of the prosthetic restoration1, the quantity and quality of the soft tissue,2 and the presence of a balanced occlusion.3 Adequate preservation of the alveolar bone dimension is of great importance to adequately place dental implants. Various methods have been utilized with the aim of preserving the alveolar ridge and soft tissue contours post tooth extraction due to the importance that it has on prosthetic and esthetic outcomes when replacing missing teeth. Purpose: To evaluate the linear and volumetric changes in soft tissue following site preservation/socket grafting with a xenograft bone mineral that was covered with either a collagen sponge or a 3D-collagen matrix at the 1 month, 3 month and 6-month post extraction time points. Methods: This clinical trial included twenty-four subjects who required tooth extraction, site preservation and implant placement. All patients received extraction and grafting with xenograft + 10% collagen (Geistlich Bio-Oss Collagen®) and were randomly assigned to a test or control group for closure of the extraction site. The control group received socket closure with a collagen dressing/sponge/plug (HeliPlug®) and test group with a 3D-collagen matrix (Geistlich Mucograft® Seal). Linear and volumetric soft tissue analysis were performed using Standard Tessellation Language (STL) files, obtained with an intra-oral scanner and were analyzed via a non-contact reverse engineering system to compare the facial linear and volumetric soft tissue changes between the control and test group.
      Results: The linear measurement analysis revealed less linear soft tissue loss with the collagen matrix. The difference between groups was not statistically significant. The volumetric analysis demonstrated a longitudinal decreased loss of soft tissue volume when a 3-D collagen matrix was used compared to a collagen sponge from month 1 to month 6. The longitudinal difference in volume was statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusion: This human investigation provides early evidence of the volumetric soft tissue changes after tooth extraction and socket grafting. The linear soft tissue analysis at the 1, 3 and 6-month time points did not show a statistical difference between the use of a collagen sponge and a 3-D collagen matrix. The results from the volumetric analysis demonstrated a reduced volume loss when a 3-D collagen matrix was used compared to a collagen dressing. The data provides early evidence in regards to decreased amount of volume loss using a 3-D collagen matrix. This finding may positively benefit clinicians when managing soft tissue contours around implants in the esthetic zone.
High-frame rate, fast neutron imaging of two-phase flow in a thin rectangular channel
Creators: name: Zboray, R.
name: Mor, I.
name: Dangendorf, V.
name: Stark, M.
name: Tittelmeier, K.
name: Cortesi, M.
name: Adams, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have demonstrated the feasibility of performing high-frame-rate, fast neutron radiography of air-water two-phase flows in a thin channel with rectangular cross section. The experiments have been carried out at the accelerator facility of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. A polychromatic, high-intensity fast neutron beam with average energy of 6 MeV was produced by 11.5 MeV deuterons hitting a thick Be target. Image sequences down to 10 millisecond exposure times were obtained using a fast-neutron imaging detector developed in the context of fast-neutron resonance imaging. Different two-phase flow regimes such as bubbly slug and churn flows have been examined. Two phase flow parameters like the volumetric gas fraction, bubble size and bubble velocities have been measured. The first results are promising, improvements for future experiments are also discussed.
A Suspensão do Eu: uma interpretação antropológica do conceito de 'nada' no pensamento japonês
Creators: name: Santos Alexandre, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Japanese philosophy
nothingness
basho

description: Throughout a large part of Japanese thought, but in a more structured way in the philosophy of the Kyoto School, we find the notion of ‘nothingness’ or ‘absolute nothingness’ (jp. mu/zettai mu) as a tacit idea. In Nishida Kitarō’s philosophy this notion epitomizes an effort to articulate Buddhist epistemology in western philosophy’s language. By ‘nothingness’, Nishida means a domain of experience that can be thought of as the ‘form from where all the forms emerge’; or the deepest place (basho) where the most intimate experience merges the I with the Other, the subject with the object. In a first moment in this talk I will present the main features of ‘nothingness’ as systematized in Nishida’s thought. In a second moment, through concrete illustrations, I will try to show how this ‘nothingness’ can be interpreted as moments of ‘suspension of the I’: the temporary immersion in an Other or in any activity where we take part, to the extent that we forget about ourselves. This is a call for a non-subjectivist opening to the world as it is presented to us.
RCSLenS: Testing gravitational physics through the cross-correlation of weak lensing and large-scale structure
Creators: name: Blake, Chris
name: Joudaki, Shahab
name: Heymans, Catherine
name: Choi, Ami
name: Erben, Thomas
name: Harnois-Deraps, Joachim
name: Hildebrandt, Hendrik
name: Joachimi, Benjamin
name: Nakajima, Reiko
name: van Waerbeke, Ludovic
name: Viola, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unknown nature of dark energy motivates continued cosmological tests of large-scale gravitational physics. We present a new consistency check based on the relative amplitude of non-relativistic galaxy peculiar motions, measured via redshift-space distortion, and the relativistic deflection of light by those same galaxies traced by galaxy-galaxy lensing. We take advantage of the latest generation of deep, overlapping imaging and spectroscopic datasets, combining the Red Cluster Sequence Lensing Survey (RCSLenS), the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS), the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We quantify the results using the "gravitational slip" statistic E_G, which we estimate as 0.48 +/- 0.10 at z=0.32 and 0.30 +/- 0.07 at z=0.57, the latter constituting the highest redshift at which this quantity has been determined. These measurements are consistent with the predictions of General Relativity, for a perturbed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric in a Universe dominated by a cosmological constant, which are E_G = 0.41 and 0.36 at these respective redshifts. The combination of redshift-space distortion and gravitational lensing data from current and future galaxy surveys will offer increasingly stringent tests of fundamental cosmology.
description: 25 pages, 24 figures, version accepted for publication by MNRAS, blind analysis
title: A Children's Rights Perspective on the Administration of Puberty Blockers and Cross-sex Hormones in England
Creators: name: Hirst, Hannah
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2028

description: This thesis adopts a children’s rights lens to examine the administration of puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones to gender diverse young people in England. These treatments have generated ethico-legal controversy in recent years, notably with the high-profile case of R (Bell and Another) v Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust. Although to some extent the prescription and administration of gender affirmative treatment for adults is patient led, limited attention has been paid to whether governance of puberty blocking and cross-sex hormone therapy could be made more child centred. This thesis explores in depth young gender diverse peoples’ rights and needs in this context. It offers a detailed critical analysis of power dynamics between actors involved in decision-making about puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones for gender diverse youth, drawing on a detailed review of the law, policy and existing research relating specifically to young peoples’ experiences of gender affirmative services and treatments. The thesis contributes theoretical depth to existing research, bringing the concept of power to bear on young gender diverse peoples’ rights and access to puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones. It advocates a children’s rights based-approach to challenge the dominant adultist narratives underpinning debates about treatment and gender diversity in childhood. A children’s rights perspective involves direct engagement with young peoples’ views about gender diversity and treatment, as distinct from those of adults, and acknowledges their status as rights holders with independent rights, perspectives, and interests. The analysis in this thesis is informed by provisions set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, but argues that more radical measures are needed to enhance its recognition and implementation in the context of treating gender diverse youth.
The First Full Shelves: Grocery Shopping and Polish Pursuits of Normality After Communism
Creators: name: Valtin-Erwin, Leah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This thesis uses newspaper coverage to examine shopper interactions with the first Western-style supermarket in Poland after the end of communism, the two BILLA shops in Warsaw. I frame these interactions in terms of three pursuits of everyday normality after communism: the rejection of a communist normality, the pursuit of a normality perceived to exist in the West, and the pursuit of a normality that was responsive to the unique conditions of post-communist transformation itself. In contrast to prevailing narratives of early post-communism, wherein consumers watched as shock therapy reform and Western-style privatization was implemented, I argue that, in these pursuits, consumers attempted to actively negotiate a particular shopper experience as they tried to construct an everyday that suited their priorities. Although the Western supermarket model eventually prevailed, grocery shopping in early post-communism was subject to considerable pushback from shoppers, offering clearer insight into how the post-communist consumer understood their present
Semigroup Methods for Poroelastic Multi-Physics Systems Describing Biological Tissues
Creators: name: Gurvich, Elena
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: biot
fluid-structure interaction
hyperbolic-parabolic coupling
implicit evolution
poroelasticity
semigroup methods

description: This thesis presents novel work in the mathematical theory of poroelasticity, which was first phenomenologically developed by Biot and Zenisek during the mid-last century. The theory relates saturated porous structural deformations to fluid pressure changes within, and blossomed through many applications in the geosciences (e.g., seismic and petroleum engineering). At the outset of the 21st century, poroelasticity proved to be a revolutionary incorporation to the biological fields (e.g. biomedical engineering, arterial stents, scaffolding), owing to the poroelastic nature of biological tissues. For the parameters of physical interest, a quasi-static approximation induces dynamics, which can be represented as an implicit evolution. Moreover, compressibility in Biot's equations is a significant consideration. In the incompressible limit, Biot’s model degenerates This dissertation will present a biologically motivated multilayered system, composed of the coupled dynamics of a 3D poroelastic structure, a poroelastic plate, and an incompressible free Stokes flow. We propose two constituent sub-problems, to gain a better understanding of this extremely complex system. First, a complete well-posedness analysis of the poroelastic plate is shown utilizing variational tools. Secondly, Biot-Stokes filtration is proposed with Beavers-Joseph-Saffman coupling conditions on a fixed 2D interface. A semigroup approach is used to bypass the issues with mismatched trace regularities on the interface; thus guaranteeing strong and generalized solutions. Then the existence of weak solutions, including the degenerate case, is provided by argument by density. The most interesting cases are singular limits, which lead to the use of the theory of abstract implicit, degenerate evolutions, of which the appendix supplies a brief overview. Thus, this thesis provides a clear elucidation of strong solutions and the construction of weak solutions for inertial linear Biot-Stokes filtration systems and uniquely for a poroelastic plate, as well as their regularity through associated estimates.
Linear Computing and Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Aifer, Maxwell
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Linear Algebra
Quantum Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics

description: A large part of computing deals with the doing, undoing, and reinterpretation of linear transformations on vector spaces. These operations are essential to the description of most physical phenomena, are a core part of machine learning, and also form the basic building blocks of quantum algorithms. The tendency of all things to evolve towards thermal equilibrium poses challenges for efficient and accurate computation, which often appear in the form of energy dissipation and errors caused by thermal noise. While thermal physics has provided some insights about physical limitations on computing, less is known about the particular considerations that apply to linear algebraic computations. Here, I study the application of thermodynamics to such problems, in both classical and quantum systems. Several new algorithms are given for linear algebra problems using specialized hardware, which have theoretical advantages over previously existing algorithms. Additionally, new bounds are proven for the energy cost of unitary transformations of quantum states, as well as for the efficiency of communication between quantum systems.