cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the relationship between heart rate recovery in small-sided games and endurance performance in male, semi-professional soccer players
Creators: name: Reinhardt, Lars
name: Schulze, Stephan
name: Kurz, Eduard
name: Schwesig, René
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: The ability to recover in the shortest possible time plays an important role especially in intermittent sports such as soccer. Evidence suggests that a well-developed endurance performance has positive effects on the repeated-sprint ability and thus also on the short-term recovery. However, it has not been clarified whether these relationships still exist in a soccer-specific situation. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of semi-professional soccer players to recover during standardized small-sided games (SSGs) as an endurance performance indicator. Methods: Eighteen male semi-professional soccer players (age, 23.5 ± 3.7 years) performed an incremental treadmill test (ITT) to determine their running velocity and heart rate at a fixed lactate threshold of 4 mmol L−1 (v4). Two days later, the players carried out six bouts of 4 vs. 4 SSGs (duration, 90 s; load to rest ratio, 1:1). A GPS-based tracking system was used to determine distances covered at four fixed speed zones (i.e., < 7.2 km/h, 7.2–14.4 km/h, 14.4–19.8 km/h, > 19.8 km/h) and total distance covered during the SSGs. Furthermore, the frequency of occurrence of accelerations (> 1.54 m s−2) was calculated. SSGs’ internal load was quantified by average heart rate and blood lactate concentration after the SSGs. Their recovery ability was evaluated using heart rate recovery (HRR) after the last bout of the SSGs. Results: A very large correlation (r = − .91) with an explained variance of 84% was found between HRR and v4. Further, a better performance in the ITT was also related with a higher number of accelerations executed during SSGs (r = .60). The total distance and distances in predefined speed zones did not show any association to v4. Conclusions: This study showed a strong relationship between HRR after standardized 4 vs. 4 SSGs and the soccer players’ endurance performance in a laboratory setting. Thus, besides being associated with endurance capacity, v4 seems sufficient to evaluate the sport-specific ability to recover in soccer players.
Self-consistent optimization of the trial wave-function in constrained path auxiliary field Quantum Monte Carlo using mixed estimators
Creators: name: Qin, Mingpu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new scheme to implement the self-consistent optimization of the trial wave-function in constrained path auxiliary field Quantum Monte Carlo (CP-AFQMC) in the framewok of natural orbitals. In this scheme, a new trial wave-function in the form of Slater determinant is constructed from the CP-AFQMC results by diagonalizing the mixed estimator of the one-body reduced density matrix. We compare two ways (from real and mixed estimators in CP-AFQMC) to calculate the one-body reduced density matrix in the self-consistent process and study the ground state of doped two dimensional Hubbard model to test the accuracy of the two schemes. By comparing the local density, occupancy, and ground state energy we find the scheme in which one-body reduced density matrix is calculated from mixed estimator is computational more efficient and provides more accurate result with less fluctuation. The local densities from mixed estimator scheme agree well with the numerically exact values. This scheme provides a useful tool for the study of strongly correlated electron systems.
description: close to the published version
COMPOSITUM 1 contributes to the architectural simplification of barley inflorescence via meristem identity signals
Creators: name: Poursarebani, Naser
name: Trautewig, Corinna
name: Melzer, Michael
name: Nussbaumer, Thomas
name: Lundqvist, Udda
name: Rutten, Twan
name: Schmutzer, Thomas
name: Brandt, Ronny
name: Himmelbach, Axel
name: Altschmied, Lothar
name: Koppolu, Ravi
name: Youssef, Helmy M.
name: Sibout, Richard
name: Dalmais, Marion
name: Bendahmane, Abdelhafid
name: Stein, Nils
name: Xin, Zhanguo
name: Schnurbusch, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Grasses have varying inflorescence shapes; however, little is known about the genetic mechanisms specifying such shapes among tribes. Here, we identify the grass-specific TCP transcription factor COMPOSITUM 1 (COM1) expressing in inflorescence meristematic boundaries of different grasses. COM1 specifies branch-inhibition in barley (Triticeae) versus branch-formation in non-Triticeae grasses. Analyses of cell size, cell walls and transcripts reveal barley COM1 regulates cell growth, thereby affecting cell wall properties and signaling specifically in meristematic boundaries to establish identity of adjacent meristems. COM1 acts upstream of the boundary gene Liguleless1 and confers meristem identity partially independent of the COM2 pathway. Furthermore, COM1 is subject to purifying natural selection, thereby contributing to specification of the spike inflorescence shape. This meristem identity pathway has conceptual implications for both inflorescence evolution and molecular breeding in Triticeae.
Oscillations in counting statistics
Creators: name: Wilk, Grzegorz
name: Wlodarczyk, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The very large transverse momenta and large multiplicities available in present LHC experiments on pp collisions allow a much closer look at the corresponding distributions. Some time ago we discussed a possible physical meaning of apparent log-periodic oscillations showing up in p_T distributions (suggesting that the exponent of the observed power-like behavior is complex). In this talk we concentrate on another example of oscillations, this time connected with multiplicity distributions P(N). We argue that some combinations of the experimentally measured values of P(N) (satisfying the recurrence relations used in the description of cascade-stochastic processes in quantum optics) exhibit distinct oscillatory behavior, not observed in the usual Negative Binomial Distributions used to fit data. These oscillations provide yet another example of oscillations seen in counting statistics in many different, apparently very disparate branches of physics further demonstrating the universality of this phenomenon.
description: Invited talk at ISMD2016, Seogwipo, Jeju Island, South Korea, 29.08-02.09.2016, to be published in EPJ Web of Conferences
Bayesian inference of in-medium baryon-baryon scattering cross sections from HADES proton flow data
Creators: name: Li, Bao-An
name: Xie, Wen-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a Bayesian statistical framework using a Gaussian Process emulator for an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model simulator of heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies, we infer from the HADES proton flow data the posterior probability distribution functions of in-medium baryon-baryon scattering cross section modification factor X with respect to free-space and the corresponding incompressibility K of nuclear matter as well as their correlation function. The mean value of X is found to be $X=1.32^{+0.28}_{-0.40}$ at 68\% confidence level assuming the nuclear incompressibility K will not exceed 400 MeV, providing circumstantial evidence for enhanced baryon-baryon scattering cross sections in hot and dense nuclear matter.
description: Added a section on Effects of Prior Ranges. Nuclear Physics A in press
Estimation for Energy extraction from the geothermal reservoir for a given concentration of gases.
Creators: name: Choudhary, Anu
name: Rayudu, Ramesh
name: Hinkley, Jim
name: Burnell, John
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Geothermal energy is the most sustainable energy source, and geothermal reservoirs are an essential component of the geothermal system. The geothermal pool of liquid contains the geothermal fluid, including some non-condensable gases. These gases majorly consist of carbon dioxide. There is an impact of these gases present in the geothermal fluid that comes to the surface through production wells on the well's productivity, heat transfer capacity of heat exchangers etc. The paper demonstrates a process model showing the fluid flow from the production well to the heat exchangers. It is a system process model from the feeds in the wells from the geothermal reservoir to the heat exchangers. In addition, the model provides us with an estimate of the megawatts obtained for a given concentration of carbon dioxide in the reservoir. Finally, the calculations estimate how much the concentration of carbon dioxide changes the productivity of the well and the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchangers.
Estimation for heat loss to the working fluid in the heat exchanger of an ORC for a given concentration of gases.
Creators: name: Choudhary, Anu
name: Rayudu, Ramesh
name: Hinkley, Jim
name: Burnell, John
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Geothermal energy is the thermal energy derived from the earth's subsurface in the form of steam or hot water. It is a clean, reliable, and promising source of renewable energy. The geothermal fluid that comes to the surface through the production well extracts the heat energy from the earth's crust when it encounters magma and gets heated. However, the geothermal fluid brought to the surface contains non-condensable gases and other minerals. These gases present in the geothermal fluid reduce the heat transfer capacity and the turbine's efficiency when the steam passes through the turbine. The gases mainly constitute carbon dioxide. The paper demonstrates a process model showing the fluid flow through the heat exchangers. The input parameters are the flow rate, temperature, pressure, and gas concentration. The model is developed based on these input parameters as initial conditions. Next, the process model helps us understand the loss in heat transfer capacity of the fluid due to the presence of gases when it passed through the heat exchanger. Finally, the output parameters, including temperature and pressure at the outlet, change in concentration of gases, and heat losses, are calculated after running the process model and achieving the result. The primary focus is on knowing the heat loss to the working fluid coming out of the heat exchanger.
The archives are half-empty : an assessment of the availability of microbial community sequencing data
Creators: name: Jurburg, Stephanie D.
name: Konzack, Maximilian
name: Eisenhauer, Nico
name: Heintz-Buschart, Anna
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 570

description: As DNA sequencing has become more popular, the public genetic repositories where sequences are archived have experienced explosive growth. These repositories now hold invaluable collections of sequences, e.g., for microbial ecology, but whether these data are reusable has not been evaluated. We assessed the availability and state of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences archived in public genetic repositories (SRA, EBI, and DDJ). We screened 26,927 publications in 17 microbiology journals, identifying 2015 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Of these, 7.2% had not made their data public at the time of analysis. Among a subset of 635 studies sequencing the same gene region, 40.3% contained data which was not available or not reusable, and an additional 25.5% contained faults in data formatting or data labeling, creating obstacles for data reuse. Our study reveals gaps in data availability, identifies major contributors to data loss, and offers suggestions for improving data archiving practices.
Role of Electron Inertia and Reconnection Dynamics in a Stressed X-point Collapse with a Guide-Field
Creators: name: von der Pahlen, Jan Graf
name: Tsiklauri, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous simulations of collisionless 2D magnetic reconnection it was consistently found that the term in the generalised Ohm's law that breaks the frozen-in condition is the divergence of the electron pressure tensor's non-gyrotropic components. A fully relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) code was used to model $X$-point collapse with a guide-field in two and three spatial dimensions. We show that in a 2D $X$-point collapse with a guide-field close to the strength of the in-plane field, the increased induced shear flows along the diffusion region lead to a new reconnection regime in which electron inertial terms play a dominant role at the $X$-point. This transition is marked by the emergence of a magnetic island - and hence a second reconnection site - as well as electron flow vortices moving along the current sheet. The reconnection electric field at the $X$-point is shown to exceed all lower guide-field cases for a brief period, indicating a strong burst in reconnection. By extending the simulation to three spatial dimensions it is shown that the locations of vortices along the current sheet (visualised by their $Q$-value) vary in the out-of-plane direction, producing tilted vortex tubes. The vortex tubes on opposite sides of the diffusion region are tilted in opposite directions, similarly to bifurcated current sheets in oblique tearing-mode reconnection. The tilt angles of vortex tubes were compared to a theoretical estimation and were found to be a good match. Particle velocity distribution functions for different guide-field runs, for 2.5D and 3D simulations, are analysed and compared.
description: A&A, Forthcoming article
Analysis of the impact of gases on the efficiency of the heat exchanger in a binary geothermal powerplant
Creators: name: Choudhary, Anu
name: Rayudu, Ramesh
name: Hinkley, Jim
name: Burnell, John
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Heat exchangers play an important role in binary geothermal power plants. The presence of some non-condensable gases in the geothermal fluid impacts the efficiency of the heat exchangers. These Noncondensable gases are released into the environment after separating them from the geothermal fluid used for electricity generation. They have become an issue of significant concern for the geothermal industry. The reinjection of gases seems to be a solution for mitigating emissions. However, we cannot ignore the impact of those gases on the geothermal power plants. Different factors affect the efficiency of heat exchangers in a binary geothermal powerplant, such as the mass flow rate, temperature, and fluid pressure. The gas concentration also plays a significant role in heat transfer between the fluids in the heat exchanger, impacting the efficiency of the heat exchanger. This study analyzes the variation in the heat exchanger's efficiency for different gas concentrations in the fluid at varying temperature conditions. The calculation was based on all the primary inputs and outputs from the heat exchangers—the measures for heat loss to the working fluid estimate the energy loss in the system. Also, the liquid's gas concentration at the heat exchanger’s output helps understand the heat transfer behavior to the working fluid in the heat exchanger.
Database Technology Evolution
Creators: name: Crowe, Malcolm
name: Laux, Fritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper reviews suggestions for changes to database technology coming from the work of many researchers, particularly those working with evolving big data. We discuss new approaches to remote data access and standards that better provide for durability and auditability in settings including business and scientific computing. We propose ways in which the language standards could evolve, with proof-of-concept implementations on Github.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Dynamics of localised nitrogen supply and relevance for root growth of Vicia faba (‘Fuego’) and Hordeum vulgare (‘Marthe’) in soil
Creators: name: Blaser, Sebastian Roman Georg Anton
name: Koebernick, Nicolai
name: Spott, Oliver
name: Thiel, Enrico
name: Vetterlein, Doris
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 550

description: Root growth responds to local differences in N-form and concentration. This is known for artificial systems and assumed to be valid in soil. The purpose of this study is to challenge this assumption for soil mesocosms locally supplied with urea with and without nitrification inhibitor. Soil column experiments with Vicia faba (‘Fuego’) and Hordeum vulgare (‘Marthe’) were performed to investigate soil solution chemistry and root growth response of these two species with contrasting root architectures to the different N-supply simultaneously. Root growth was analysed over time and separately for the fertiliser layer and the areas above and below with X-ray CT (via region growing) and WinRHIZO. Additionally, NO3− and NH4+ in soil and soil solution were analysed. In Vicia faba, no pronounced differences were observed, although CT analysis indicated different root soil exploration for high NH4+. In Hordeum vulgare, high NO3− inhibited lateral root growth while high NH4+ stimulated the formation of first order laterals. The growth response to locally distributed N-forms in soil is species specific and less pronounced than in artificial systems. The combination of soil solution studies and non-invasive imaging of root growth can substantially improve the mechanistic understanding of root responses to different N-forms in soil.
VLBA determination of the distance to nearby star-forming regions VII. Monoceros R2
Creators: name: Dzib, Sergio A.
name: Ortiz-León, Gisela N.
name: Loinard, Laurent
name: Mioduszewski, Amy J.
name: Rodríguez, Luis F.
name: Torres, Rosa M.
name: Deller, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a series of sixteen Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) high angular resolution observations of a cluster of suspected low-mass young stars in the Monoceros R2 region. Four compact and highly variable radio sources are detected; three of them in only one epoch, the fourth one a total of seven times. This latter source is seen in the direction to the previously known \UCHII\ region VLA~1, and has radio properties that resemble those of magnetically active stars; we shall call it VLA~1$^\star$. We model its displacement on the celestial sphere as a combination of proper motion and trigonometric parallax. The fit obtained using a uniform proper motion yields a parallax $\varpi$ = 1.10 $\pm$ 0.18 mas, but with a fairly high post-fit dispersion. If acceleration terms (probably due to an undetected companion) are included, the quality of the fit improves dramatically, and the best estimate of the parallax becomes $\varpi$ = 1.12 $\pm$ 0.05 mas. The magnitude of the fitted acceleration suggest an orbital period of order a decade. The measured parallax corresponds to a distance $d$ = 893$^{+44}_{-40}$ pc, in very good agreement with previous, indirect, determinations.
description: Accepted for publishing in ApJ. 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Ultrafast coupled charge and spin dynamics in strongly correlated NiO
Creators: name: Gillmeister, Konrad
name: Golež, Denis
name: Chiang, Cheng-Tien
name: Bittner, Nikolaj
name: Pavlyukh, Yaroslav
name: Berakdar, Jamal
name: Werner, Philipp
name: Widdra, Wolf
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Charge excitations across an electronic band gap play an important role in opto-electronics and light harvesting. In contrast to conventional semiconductors, studies of above-band-gap photoexcitations in strongly correlated materials are still in their infancy. Here we reveal the ultrafast dynamics controlled by Hund’s physics in strongly correlated photoexcited NiO. By combining time-resolved two-photon photoemission experiments with state-of-the-art numerical calculations, an ultrafast (≲10 fs) relaxation due to Hund excitations and related photo-induced in-gap states are identified. Remarkably, the weight of these in-gap states displays long-lived coherent THz oscillations up to 2 ps at low temperature. The frequency of these oscillations corresponds to the strength of the antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction in NiO and their lifetime vanishes slightly above the Néel temperature. Numerical simulations of a two-band t-J model reveal that the THz oscillations originate from the interplay between local many-body excitations and antiferromagnetic spin correlations.
Graph Data Models and Relational Database Technology
Creators: name: Crowe, Malcolm
name: Laux, Fritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work on database application development platforms has sought to include a declarative formulation of a conceptual data model in the application code, using annotations or attributes. Some recent work has used metadata to include the details of such formulations in the physical database, and this approach brings significant advantages in that the model can be enforced across a range of applications for a single database. In previous work, we have discussed the advantages for enterprise integration of typed graph data models (TGM), which can play a similar role in graphical databases, leveraging the existing support for the unified modelling language UML. Ideally, the integration of systems designed with different models, for example, graphical and relational database, should also be supported. In this work, we implement this approach, using metadata in a relational database management system (DBMS).
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Reconstruction of the respiratory signal through ECG and wrist accelerometer data
Creators: name: Leube, Julian
name: Zschocke, Johannes
name: Kluge, Maria
name: Pelikan, Luise
name: Graf, Antonia
name: Glos, Martin
name: Müller, Alexander
name: Bartsch, Ronny P.
name: Penzel, Thomas
name: Kantelhardt, Jan W.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Respiratory rate and changes in respiratory activity provide important markers of health and fitness. Assessing the breathing signal without direct respiratory sensors can be very helpful in large cohort studies and for screening purposes. In this paper, we demonstrate that long-term nocturnal acceleration measurements from the wrist yield significantly better respiration proxies than four standard approaches of ECG (electrocardiogram) derived respiration. We validate our approach by comparison with flow-derived respiration as standard reference signal, studying the full-night data of 223 subjects in a clinical sleep laboratory. Specifically, we find that phase synchronization indices between respiration proxies and the flow signal are large for five suggested acceleration-derived proxies with γ=0.55±0.13 for males and 0.58±0.14 for females (means ± standard deviations), while ECG-derived proxies yield only γ=0.36±0.16 for males and 0.39±0.14 for females. Similarly, respiratory rates can be determined more precisely by wrist-worn acceleration devices compared with a derivation from the ECG. As limitation we must mention that acceleration-derived respiration proxies are only available during episodes of non-physical activity (especially during sleep).
Interactions between teachers and children with CCC
Creators: name: Fujino, Haruo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Teacher Education and Professional Development
subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Counseling Psychology
subject: Education
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Special Education and Teaching
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: child
subject: chronic condition
subject: health
subject: special education
subject: teacher

description: This is a project page for Interactions between teachers and children with CCC. The project was contributed by Haruo Fujino, Megumi Matsumoto, and Aya Mieno.
A New Data Representation Based on Training Data Characteristics to Extract Drug Named-Entity in Medical Text
Creators: name: Mujiono, Sadikin
name: Fanany, Mohamad Ivan
name: Basaruddin, Chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4
subject: 68Txx

description: One essential task in information extraction from the medical corpus is drug name recognition. Compared with text sources come from other domains, the medical text is special and has unique characteristics. In addition, the medical text mining poses more challenges, e.g., more unstructured text, the fast growing of new terms addition, a wide range of name variation for the same drug. The mining is even more challenging due to the lack of labeled dataset sources and external knowledge, as well as multiple token representations for a single drug name that is more common in the real application setting. Although many approaches have been proposed to overwhelm the task, some problems remained with poor F-score performance (less than 0.75). This paper presents a new treatment in data representation techniques to overcome some of those challenges. We propose three data representation techniques based on the characteristics of word distribution and word similarities as a result of word embedding training. The first technique is evaluated with the standard NN model, i.e., MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptrons). The second technique involves two deep network classifiers, i.e., DBN (Deep Belief Networks), and SAE (Stacked Denoising Encoders). The third technique represents the sentence as a sequence that is evaluated with a recurrent NN model, i.e., LSTM (Long Short Term Memory). In extracting the drug name entities, the third technique gives the best F-score performance compared to the state of the art, with its average F-score being 0.8645.
description: Hindawi Publishing. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Volume 2016 (2016), Article ID 3483528, 24 pages Received 27 May 2016; Revised 8 August 2016; Accepted 18 September 2016. Special Issue on "Smart Data: Where the Big Data Meets the Semantics". Academic Editor: Trong H. Duong
Facts to Equations & What! / Wow! To How?
Creators: name: Karthick, Chrisphin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Astronomy Education

description: Title: Facts to Equations & What! / Wow! To How?

Presenter: Chrisphin Karthick (Indian Institute of Astrophysics, India)

 

This was a poster presented at the 5th Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education, organised by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE, http//astro4edu.org).

"Unveiling the Celestial Narratives: Empowering Human Resources through Literary Exploration" synergizes amateur astronomers and literary engagement to elevate education and personal growth. By blending science and writing, we nurture scientific literacy, critical thinking, and cross-disciplinary skills. Collaborative narratives bridge complex concepts and emotional resonance, fostering understanding and curiosity. This unique initiative also fosters cross-cultural connections, uniting diverse communities under the celestial canopy. Ultimately, we present a transformative model that enriches Indonesia's human resources, offering a profound cosmic perspective and nurturing a vibrant, interconnected society.

About the 5th Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education:This year’s Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education focuses on two themes: one special practical astronomy education topic and one scientific topic. The special topic is astronomy education outside the classroom, looking at how astronomy can be taught in a diverse range of environments such as science centers, planetaria and youth clubs. The scientific topic is planetary atmospheres, both in the solar system and exoplanets as well as our own Earth. The workshop was organised by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (http://astro4edu.org). More details can be found on: https://astro4edu.org/shaw-iau/5th-shaw-iau-workshop/schedule/

Keep up to date with future Shaw-IAU Workshops and other opportunities at the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education by joining our mailing list https://astro4edu.org/mailing-list/

Follow the IAU OAE on X and Facebook under @astro4edu
Structural models of human ACE2 variants with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for structure-based drug design
Creators: name: Sorokina, Marija
name: Teixeira, João M. C.
name: Barrera-Vilarmau, Susana
name: Paschke, Reinhard
name: Papasotiriou, Ioannis
name: Rodrigues, João P. G. L. M.
name: Kastritis, Panagiotis L.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Emergence of coronaviruses poses a threat to global health and economy. The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 28,000,000 people and killed more than 915,000. To date, there is no treatment for coronavirus infections, making the development of therapies to prevent future epidemics of paramount importance. To this end, we collected information regarding naturally-occurring variants of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an epithelial receptor that both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use to enter the host cells. We built 242 structural models of variants of human ACE2 bound to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) and refined their interfaces with HADDOCK. Our dataset includes 140 variants of human ACE2 representing missense mutations found in genome-wide studies, 39 mutants with reported effects on the recognition of the RBD, and 63 predictions after computational alanine scanning mutagenesis of ACE2-RBD interface residues. This dataset will help accelerate the design of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, as well as contribute to prevention of possible future coronaviruses outbreaks.
Magnetic decoupling of ferromagnetic metals through a graphene spacer
Creators: name: Grimaldi, I.
name: Papagno, M.
name: Ferrari, L.
name: Sheverdyaeva, P. M.
name: Mahatha, S. K.
name: Pacilé, D.
name: Carbone, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the magnetic coupling between different ferromagnetic metals (FMs) across a graphene (G) layer, and the role of graphene as a thin covalent spacer. Starting with G grown on a FM substrate (Ni or Co), we deposit on top at room temperature different FM metals (Fe, Ni, Co). By measuring the dichroic effect of 3p photoemission lines we detect the magnetization of the substrate and the sign of the exchange coupling in FM overlayer at room temperature. We show that the G layer magnetically decouples the FM metals.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Anharmonicity of the antiferrodistortive soft mode in barium zirconate BaZrO$_3$
Creators: name: Rosander, Petter
name: Fransson, Erik
name: Milesi-Brault, Cosme
name: Toulouse, Constance
name: Bourdarot, Frédéric
name: Piovano, Andrea
name: Bossak, Alexei
name: Guennou, Mael
name: Wahnström, Göran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Barium zirconate (BaZrO$_3$) is one of the very few perovskites that is claimed to retain an average cubic structure down to \SI{0}{\K}, while being energetically very close to an antiferrodistortive phase obtained by condensation of a soft phonon mode at the R point of the Brillouin zone boundary. In this work, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study of the temperature dependence of this soft phonon mode. Inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering measurements on single crystals show that it softens substantially from \SI{9.4}{\meV} at room temperature to \SI{5.6}{\meV} at \SI{2}{\K}. In contrast, the acoustic mode at the same R point is nearly temperature independent. The effect of the anharmonicity on the lattice dynamics is investigated non-perturbatively using direct dynamic simulations as well as a first-principles based self-consistent phonon theory, including quantum fluctuations of the atomic motion. By adding cubic and quartic anharmonic force constants, quantitative agreement with the neutron data for the temperature dependence of the antiferrodistortive mode is obtained. The quantum fluctuations of the atomic motion are found to be important to obtain the proper temperature dependence at low temperatures. The mean squared displacements of the different atoms are determined as function of temperature and are shown to be consistent with available experimental data. Adding anharmonicity to the computed fluctuations of the Ba-O distances also improves the comparison with available EXAFS data at \SI{300}{\K}.
General relativity and relativistic astrophysics
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein established the theory of general relativity and the corresponding field equation in 1915 and its vacuum solutions were obtained by Schwarzschild and Kerr for, respectively, static and rotating black holes, in 1916 and 1963, respectively. They are, however, still playing an indispensable role, even after 100 years of their original discovery, to explain high energy astrophysical phenomena. Application of the solutions of Einstein's equation to resolve astrophysical phenomena has formed an important branch, namely relativistic astrophysics. I devote this article to enlightening some of the current astrophysical problems based on general relativity. However, there seem to be some issues with regard to explaining certain astrophysical phenomena based on Einstein's theory alone. I show that Einstein's theory and its modified form, both are necessary to explain modern astrophysical processes, in particular, those related to compact objects.
description: 15 pages including 3 figures and 4 tables; published for a special section in Current Science dedicated to 100 years of general relativity, edited by B. Mukhopadhyay (IISc) and T. P. Singh (TIFR). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1603.00136
Effects of linker flexibility on phase behavior and structure of linked colloidal gels
Creators: name: Howard, Michael P.
name: Sherman, Zachary M.
name: Sreenivasan, Adithya N.
name: Valenzuela, Stephanie A.
name: Anslyn, Eric V.
name: Milliron, Delia J.
name: Truskett, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: colloidal gel

description: Colloidal nanocrystal gels can be assembled using a difunctional “linker” molecule to mediate bonding between nanocrystals. The condi- tions for gelation and the structure of the gel are controlled macroscopically by the linker concentration and microscopically by the linker’s molecular characteristics. Here, we demonstrate using a toy model for a colloid–linker mixture that linker flexibility plays a key role in deter- mining both phase behavior and the structure of the mixture. We fix the linker length and systematically vary its bending stiffness to span the flexible, semiflexible, and rigid regimes. At fixed linker concentration, flexible-linker and rigid-linker mixtures phase separate at low colloid volume fractions, in agreement with predictions of first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory, but the semiflexible-linker mixtures do not. We correlate and attribute this qualitatively different behavior to undesirable “loop” linking motifs that are predicted to be more preva- lent for linkers with end-to-end distances commensurate with the locations of chemical bonding sites on the colloids. Linker flexibility also influences the spacing between linked colloids, suggesting strategies to design gels with desired phase behavior, structure, and, by extension, structure-dependent properties.
Circulating antibodies against age-modified proteins in patients with coronary atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Korça, Edina
name: Piskovatska, Veronika
name: Börgermann, Jochen
name: Navarrete Santos, Alexander
name: Simm, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are formed in a series of non-enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and the amino groups of proteins and accumulate during aging, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and other chronic diseases. Accumulation of AGE-modifications alters protein structure and function, transforming these molecules into potential targets of the immune system, presumably triggering the production of autoantibodies against AGEs. In this study, we detected autoantibodies against AGE-modified proteins with ELISA in plasma samples of 91 patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD), who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Patients with high levels of autoantibodies had a higher body mass index (BMI 28.6 vs 27.1 kg/m2; p = 0.046), were more likely to suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD 30% vs 9.8%; p = 0.018), and more likely to need dialysis after the surgery (10% vs 0%; p = 0.037). Our findings show a weak link between the levels of autoantibodies against AGEs and diabetes mellitus (DM 44% vs 24.4%; p = 0.05). In a small subpopulation of patients, antibodies against native bovine serum albumin (BSA) were detected. A growing body of research explores the potential role of antibodies against AGE-modified proteins in pathogenesis of different chronic diseases; our data confirms the presence of AGE-autoantibodies in patients with CAD and that in parallel to the AGEs themselves, they may have a potential role in concomitant clinical conditions in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Further research is necessary to verify the molecular role of these antibodies in different pathological conditions.
Wertheim’s thermodynamic perturbation theory with double- bond association and its application to colloid–linker mixtures
Creators: name: Howard, Michael P.
name: Sherman. Zachary, M.
name: Milliron, Delia J.
name: Truskett, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: Wertheim

description: We extend Wertheim’s thermodynamic perturbation theory to derive the association free energy of a multicomponent mixture for which double bonds can form between any two pairs of the molecules’ arbitrary number of bonding sites. This generalization reduces in limiting cases to prior theories that restrict double bonding to at most one pair of sites per molecule. We apply the new theory to an associating mixture of colloidal particles (“colloids”) and flexible chain molecules (“linkers”). The linkers have two functional end groups, each of which may bond to one of several sites on the colloids. Due to their flexibility, a significant fraction of linkers can “loop” with both ends bonding to sites on the same colloid instead of bridging sites on different colloids. We use the theory to show that the fraction of linkers in loops depends sensitively on the linker end-to-end distance relative to the colloid bonding-site distance, which suggests strategies for mitigating the loop formation that may otherwise hinder linker-mediated colloidal assembly.
Learning Semantic Text Similarity to rank Hypernyms of Financial Terms
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sohom
name: Chopra, Ankush
name: Naskar, Sudip Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the years, there has been a paradigm shift in how users access financial services. With the advancement of digitalization more users have been preferring the online mode of performing financial activities. This has led to the generation of a huge volume of financial content. Most investors prefer to go through these contents before making decisions. Every industry has terms that are specific to the domain it operates in. Banking and Financial Services are not an exception to this. In order to fully comprehend these contents, one needs to have a thorough understanding of the financial terms. Getting a basic idea about a term becomes easy when it is explained with the help of the broad category to which it belongs. This broad category is referred to as hypernym. For example, "bond" is a hypernym of the financial term "alternative debenture". In this paper, we propose a system capable of extracting and ranking hypernyms for a given financial term. The system has been trained with financial text corpora obtained from various sources like DBpedia [4], Investopedia, Financial Industry Business Ontology (FIBO), prospectus and so on. Embeddings of these terms have been extracted using FinBERT [3], FinISH [1] and fine-tuned using SentenceBERT [54]. A novel approach has been used to augment the training set with negative samples. It uses the hierarchy present in FIBO. Finally, we benchmark the system performance with that of the existing ones. We establish that it performs better than the existing ones and is also scalable.
description: Our code base: https://github.com/sohomghosh/FinSim_Financial_Hypernym_detection
Assembly of Linked Nanocrystal Colloids by Reversible Covalent Bonds
Creators: name: Dominguez, Manuel N.
name: Howard, Michael P.
name: Maier, Josef M.
name: Valenzuela, Stephanie
name: Sherman, Zachary M.
name: Reimnitz, Lauren C.
name: Kang, Jiho
name: Cho, Shin Hum
name: Gibbs, Stephen L.
name: Menta, Arjun K.
name: Zhuang, Deborah L.
name: Van Der Stok, Aevi
name: Kline, Sarah J.
name: Anslyn, Eric V.
name: Truskett, Thomas M.
name: Milliron, Delia J.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Colloids

description: The use of dynamically bonding molecules designed to reversibly link solvent-dispersed nanocrystals (NCs) is a promising strategy to form colloidal assemblies with controlled structure and macroscopic properties. In this work, tin-doped indium oxide NCs are functionalized with ligands that form reversible covalent bonds with linking molecules to drive assembly of NC gels. We monitor gelation using small angle X-ray scattering and characterize how changes in the gel structure affect infrared optical properties arising from the localized surface plasmon resonance of the NCs. The assembly is reversible because of the designed linking chemistry, and we disassemble the gels using two strategies: addition of excess NCs to change the ratio of linking molecules to NCs and addition of a capping molecule that displaces the linking molecules. The assembly behavior is rationalized using a thermodynamic perturbation theory to compute the phase diagram of the NC–linking molecule mixture. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal the competition between loop and bridge linking motifs essential for understanding NC gelation. This combined experimental, computational, and theoretical work provides a platform for controlling and designing the properties of reversible colloidal assemblies that incorporate NC and solvent compositions beyond those compatible with other contemporary (e.g, DNA-based) linking strategies.
Andreev reflection in altermagnets
Creators: name: Sun, Chi
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works have predicted materials featuring bands with a large spin-splitting distinct from ferromagnetic and relativistically spin-orbit coupled systems. Materials displaying this property are known as altermagnets and feature a spin-polarized band structure reminiscent of a $d$-wave superconducting order parameter. We here consider the contact between an altermagnet and a superconductor and determine how the altermagnetism affects the fundamental process of Andreev reflection. We show that the resulting charge conductance depends strongly on the interfacial orientation of the altermagnet relative to the superconductor, displaying features similar to normal metals or ferromagnets. The zero-bias conductance peak present at the interface in the $d$-wave case are robust toward the presence of an altermagnetic interaction. Moreover, the spin conductance strongly depends on the orientation of the altermagnet relative the interface. These results show how the anisotropic altermagnetic state can be probed by conductance spectroscopy and how it offers voltage control over charge and spin currents that are modulated due to superconductivity.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Performance Analysis of $L$-Branch Scan-and-Wait Combining (SWC) over Arbitrarily Correlated Nakagami-$m$ Fading Channels
Creators: name: Alexandropoulos, George C.
name: Mathiopoulos, P. Takis
name: Fan, Pingzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The performance of $L$-branch scan-and-wait combining (SWC) reception systems over arbitrarily correlated and not necessarily identically distributed Nakagami-$m$ fading channels is analyzed and evaluated. Firstly, a fast convergent infinite series representation for the SWC output signal-noise ratio (SNR) is presented. This expression is used to obtain analytical expressions in the form of infinite series for the average error probability performance of various modulation schemes for integer values of $m$ as well as the average number of paths estimation and average waiting time (AWT) of $L$-branch SWC receivers for arbitrary values of $m$. The numerically obtained results have shown that the performance expressions converge very fast to their exact analytical values. It was found that the convergence speed depends on the correlation and operating SNR values as well as the Nakagami $m$-parameter. In addition to the analytical results, complementary computer simulated performance evaluation results have been obtained by means of Monte Carlo error counting techniques. The match between these two sets of results has verified the accuracy of the proposed mathematical analysis. Furthermore, it is revealed that, at the expense of a negligible AWT, the average error probability performance of SWC receivers is always superior to that of switched-and-examine combining receivers and in certain cases to that of maximal-ratio combining receivers.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, accepted to IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology