Considering the Mediating Factor of Civil Right Observance from pre-School Teachers’ Perspective
Publisher: name: The University Of Kurdistan
Year: 2021

description: This study aims to analyze the effect of traffic culture awareness on children’s\nsocial commitment to law considering the mediating factor of civil right\nobservance. On this basis, three main questions are proposed:\n1. Does traffic culture awareness have meaningful effect on social law abiding\nin pre-school children of Uremia?\n2. Does traffic culture awareness have meaningful effect on civil right\nobservance in pre-school children of Uremia?\n3. Does traffic culture awareness have meaningful effect on social law abiding\nin pre-school children of Uremia considering the mediating factor of civil\nright observance?\nConsidering the nature and the purpose of the subject, this research could be\nregarded as practical and quantitative; utilizing the cognitive context for\nimproving and optimizing the instruments, the methods and patterns are\napplied for ameliorating the current condition. Since the researchers\nattempt to find an answer to a real question in the process of this research,\nit could be claimed that it is a descriptive and non-experimental research\nconsidering the data collection and analysis methods, this survey research\nis conducted based on field method. The statistics population of this study\nincludes 110 preschool teachers in Uremia province, Iran. Counting\nSampling is used and the same number of questionnaires is distributed\namong statistical population; 105 questionnaires were sent back by\nparticipants which were analyzed. The data is collected in this study by\nresearcher-made questionnaire which is extracted from “Teacher’s Workbook”, “Annual Time Table of Teachers in Nurseries and\nKindergartens” , “ Teaching Safe Traffic to Children: A Guidebook” , and\n“ Traffic Rules”. For estimating the reliability of the researcher-made\nquestionnaire, content analysis method is applied considering the opinions\nof 8 professors and experts in the Educational Science Departments of\nUremia Public and Azad Universities. This questionnaire included 36\nclose-ended questions which were graded according to 5-point Likert\nscale. For doing Factor analysis, it should be made sure that whether it is\npossible to use the available data for analysis or not. The KMO indicator\nwas applied for verifying this issue. In order to confirm the questions,\nexploratory factor analysis, the analysis of main components method and\nVarimax rotation, was used. The results of the research proved that 6\nquestions out of 36 should be eliminated as their factor load was less than\n0.5; for this reason, only 30 questions were applied in the final\nquestionnaire. In order to examine the reliability of the measuring\ninstruments, combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha method were\napplied. For all variables, the rate of the combined reliability and\nCronbach's alpha coefficient was over 0.7 which confirms the instrument\nreliability. In addition, for the validity of the measuring instrument,\nconvergent and diagnostic validity (Fornell and Larker index) was used.\nFor observing the ethics of the research, the participants were called and\nthe purpose of the study was illustrated to them in advance. In order to\nacquire accurate and reliable information and to build confidence about the\nsecret nature of the data, the participants got assured that the results are\ngoing to be extracted generally. Finally the questionnaires were distributed\nand the results were analyzed. On this basis, the descriptive and inferential\nstatistics is used for presenting the findings. The statistical indexes of\nfrequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, etc. are used to describe\nthe demographic variables. To realize that process, EXCEL software and\nSPSS are used to collect data and to make the database related to the\nresearch. In the inferential statistics level, PLS Smart software is used\nbecause of the abnormality of the data. The results of the analysis showed\nthat the path coefficient of the traffic culture awareness on social\ncommitment to law is (0.858), the path coefficient of the traffic culture\nawareness on observing civil right is (0.790), and the path coefficient of\nobserving civil rights on the social commitment to law is (0.325).\nConsidering the T value from data analysis which is over 1.96, the research\nquestions were confirmed. The Z-value extracted from Sobel Test was\nfigured 7.05 (more than 1.96). Consequently, it could be claimed with 95\npercent certainty that the traffic culture awareness has meaningful effect\non the children’s social commitment to law with mediating factor of\nobserving civil rights. Also, traffic culture awareness has meaningful effect\non social commitment to law and observing civil rights in pre-school children of Uremia. And finally, civil right observance has meaningful\neffect on social commitment to law in pre-school children of Uremia\nprovince. It could be claimed that the research hypothesis was approved,\nin other words, the data extracted from the research confirm and verify the\ntheoretical model. Considering the results of the study which approves the\npositive and meaningful effect of civil right observance on social\ncommitment to law in pre-school children of Uremia province and taking\ninto account the results of the previous studies, it could be claimed that the\ncivil right observance and social commitment to law, both have positive\neffect and if we teach civil rights to pre-school and elementary school\nstudents, these children will significantly respect the law. Regarding the\nresults of the study, we could say that education aamong different social\nclasses especially among children and teenagers. Therefore, the\ncooperation of police and educational science scholars shows the\nimportance of this issue which necessitates the continuous and\nfundamental education for children. In this research, the effect of traffic\nculturalizing on law abiding and civil right observance in pre-school\nchildren was approved which shows that education about traffic\nculturalizing plays important role in respecting law and observing civil\nrights among children. It could be recommended that traffic culturalizing\nprograms to be performed with the cooperation of home, school, and\nsociety, since it could not be regarded as the responsibility of the school by\nitself. The educational books for children with simple language about\ntraffic culturalizing, civil right observance, and respecting the law could\nbe beneficial. The educational books for pre-school teachers should be\nprepared as well. The active participation of public and non-governmental\norganizations which are involved in the social, political, and civil\neducation (like police, municipalities, NGOs, etc) should be provided for\nthe health and benefit of the communities.