cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermal emission from bow shocks. III. Variable diffuse X-ray emission from stellar-wind bow shocks driven by dynamical instabilities
Creators: name: Mackey, Jonathan
name: Mathew, Arun
name: Ali, Ahmad A.
name: Haworth, Thomas J.
name: Brose, Robert
name: Green, Sam
name: Moutzouri, Maria
name: Walch, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray emission from wind-driven bow shocks is both difficult to measure and predict, but may give important insights into the energy budget of the hot phase of the ISM by quantifying mixing at the interface between hot and warm gas phases. We investigate the effect of magnetic fields and numerical resolution on predicted X-ray emission and other observable properties of bow shocks, to study convergence properties and assess robustness of predicted observables from simulations. A suite of 2D and 3D HD and MHD simulations of bow shocks were run and analysed to generate synthetic emission maps and light curves in X-ray and infrared emission. Resolving the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability at the wind-ISM contact discontinuity is crucial for obtaining converged results and for predicting X-ray emission and the properties of the hot shocked wind. When sufficient spatial resolution is used, we measure time variation of X-ray emission of at least an order of magnitude on a timescale comparable to the advection timescale of the wake downstream from the bow shock. Good correspondence is found between 2D and 3D simulations with comparable resolution, and 3D simulations can achieve the required resolution with reasonable computing resources. Development of the KH instability is inhibited for shear flows parallel to the ISM magnetic field, compared with what is seen in the perpendicular direction, resulting in synthetic IR emission maps of bow shocks that are smooth when seen from one perspective but show strong distortions from another. Measuring the X-ray morphology and luminosity in bow shocks may be useful for constraining mixing and energy-transfer rates between hot and warm gas phases of the ISM. Dynamical instabilities at the wind-ISM interface are a crucial ingredient in determining the properties of the hot-gas phase in stellar bow-shocks, in particular to capture its time dependence.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
title: Optimizing Bioengineered Vascular Systems: A Genetic Algorithm Approach
Creators: name: Kochaki, Sima Mehri
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Efficiency of current cell cultures producing biological products is limited due to accumulation of the product and waste on the cells. A previous work aims at assisting bioengineers in solving this problem by introducing a new set of cells which possess the ability to connect to one another and thus form a network. Once created, the network of cells can help the initial cellules by removing their waste and product as well as nourishing them. Our project explores a technique to be able to create the best network of such cells; hence maximizing the amount of metabolic product in the cell culture.
Unconventional photoelectron spectroscopic studies : PES of some transient species and reactive molecules
Creators: name: Lee, Shuit-Tong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A fast pumping, versatile photoelectron spectrometer suitable for the study of transient species and reactive molecules has been designed, constructed and tested. The photoelectron spectra of seventeen such compounds (CS, SO, S₂O, HN=NH, DN=MD, CH₃N = NH, HCP, OCSe, SCSe, CSe₂> O₃, FNO, CINO, BrNO, HMO₃, C1MO₂ and FNO₂) have been obtained. The individual spectra have been assigned by using information supplied from vibrational analysis, by comparison with molecular orbital calculations and with related molecules. The experimental Franck-Condon factors have been utilized to estimate the geometries of the ionic states, and the procedure has been found to be quite reliable. The study has shown the potential of photoelectron spectroscopy in providing information on the electronic structure of transient species and reactive molecules, information that is difficult to obtain by other spectroscopic techniques.
Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of some atoms and molecules
Creators: name: Stewart, William Brien
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A comparative study has been made of Penning ionization (He*(2¹S) and He*(2³S)) and photoionization (He(584 Å)) of twenty-three atoms and molecules (Ar, Kr, Xe, H₂, HD, D₂, N₂, CO, NO, 0₂, C0₂, COS, CS₂, N₂0, S0₂, N0₂, NH₃, CH₃CI, CH₃Br, CH₃I, CH₄, C₂H₄ , C₂H₂) employing the techniques of high resolution electron spectroscopy. Electron spectra from mixed rare gas systems, at higher pressures, have also been examined and interpreted on the basis of fast neutral-neutral interactions.
title: Electron Yield Measurements of High-Yield, Low-Conductivity Dielectric Materials
Creators: name: Christensen, Justin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Materials exposed to the space plasma environment acquire electric charge, which can have harmful effects if it leads to arcing or electrostatic breakdown of important spacecraft components. In fact, spacecraft charging is the leading environmentally induced cause of spacecraft anomalies. This study focuses on measuring electron yield, a property of materials that describes how many electrons are ejected from a material under energetic electron bombardment, which can vary depending on the energy of incident electrons. Intrinsic electron yield is defined as the average number of electrons emitted per incident electron from an electrically neutral material. The specific aim of this work is to improve yield measurements for insulator materials, which can be difficult to test using conventional methods due to charge accumulation in insulators.Most studies of electron yield use a steady current electron beam in a vacuum chamber to irradiate materials to be tested. By comparing the amount of current deposited in the material to the total incident current, the emitted current can be calculated. This works well for conductors; however, insulators charge up quickly, which either repel incident electrons or reattract emitted electrons producing erroneous yield measurements. This study improves on methods that use a pulsed electron beam to measure yield with small amounts of charge per pulse, as well as neutralization methods to dissipate stored charge between pulse measurements.The improvements to instrumentation and data analysis techniques are quantified to demonstrate their validity. These improvements will allow for continued studies on extreme insulator materials. Future studies will provide new understanding of interactions between electron radiation and materials, which will allow for better modeling of spacecraft charging and the development of materials that meet desired electron emission specifications.
Dipole excitations of Ar substrate in contact with Na clusters
Creators: name: Dinh, P. M.
name: Reinhard, P. -G.
name: Suraud, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: e analyze the excitation of Ar substrate in contact with Na clusters using a previously developed hierarchical model for the description of the system constituted of a highly reactive metal cluster in contact with a rather inert substrate. Particular attention is paid to the dipole excitation of the Ar atoms and the energy stored therein. The Na clusters are considered at different charge states, anions, cations, and neutral clusters for the case of deposition and a highly ionized cluster embedded in a matrix. It is found that the dipole polarization of the Ar atoms stores the largest fraction of energy in the case of charged clusters. Some, although smaller, polarization is also observed for polar clusters, as Na$_6$. The effect is predominantly induced by the electrostatic interaction.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
title: Allegory and Nietzschean Values in Kafka, Camus, and Kazantzakis
Creators: name: Naylor, Paul Kenneth
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1981

description: The purpose of this these is to explore Nietzschean values as they appear in three modern allegories: Franz Kafka's The Castle, Albert Camus' The Plague, and Nikos Kazantzakis' Zorba the Greek. The intent is to illustrate Friedrich Nietzsche's three stages of the overman as they apply to Kafka, Camus, and Kazantzakis. (91 pages).
title: Using AR to Enhance the Learning of Chirality
Creators: name: Bullock, Martin
name: Huwer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2024
Subjects: Augmented Reality (AR)
education technology
organic chemistry
chirality

description: This study investigates the use of Augmented Reality (AR) to teach the concept of chirality—a fundamental topic in organic chemistry. Building on Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and previous research on AR’s educational benefits, we designed an AR learning environment to facilitate students’ understanding of chirality by allowing them to interact with and superimpose virtual and physical models of chiral molecules. An initial pilot study involving 11th-grade students revealed positive student attitudes towards AR, with participants reporting enhanced comprehension of chirality and a preference for AR-based learning over traditional methods. The follow-up study refined the AR lesson based on pilot feedback, extending its scope to introduce, rather than review, the concept of chirality. Results indicated significant learning gains, low extraneous cognitive load, and high acceptance of AR technology among students. These findings underscore the potential of AR to support complex spatial learning in chemistry, though further research, such as value-added studies, is recommended to explore the generalizability and long-term impacts of AR on different student populations.
description: Education Sciences, vol. 14, no. 11
title: Exploring the Effect of Disability Microaggressions on Sense of Belonging and Participation in College Classrooms
Creators: name: Harris, Lynsie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Microaggressions are a form of interpersonal discrimination towards marginalized groups that are often ambiguous in nature and delivered unintentionally. The subtleness of these attacks on identity can make them difficult to recognize and address.
Emerging research reveals that the targets of microaggressions are experiencing negative effects on their wellbeing; however, the bulk of existing literature on this topic only addresses microaggressions perpetrated towards racial minority or LGBT individuals. Little is known about pervasiveness and potential impact of microaggressions directed towards people with disabilities- particularly in academic contexts.
This study pilots a measurement tool, the Microaggressions Towards Students with a Disability Questionnaire (MTSDQ), to assist in assessing the frequency with which university students with disabilities are encountering microaggressions in their classroom settings. The negative impact of these events on students’ sense of belonging and willingness to participate in their classrooms is also addressed.
Chiral phase transition in a random matrix model with three flavors
Creators: name: Fujii, Hirotsugu
name: Ohtani, Munehisa
name: Sano, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral phase transition in the conventional random matrix model is the second order in the chiral limit, irrespective of the number of flavors N_f, because it lacks the U_A(1)-breaking determinant interaction term. Furthermore, it predicts an unphysical value of zero for the topological susceptibility at finite temperatures. We propose a new chiral random matrix model which resolves these difficulties by incorporating the determinant interaction term within the instanton gas picture. The model produces a second-order transition for N_f=2 and a first-order transition for N_f=3, and recovers a physical temperature dependence of the topological susceptibility.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Contribution to The XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
title: Acculturation and Language use in Intimate and Sexual Relationships Among Chinese Bilinguals
Creators: name: Xie, Tianyi
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: People of Chinese heritage often face complex challenges because of the conflicting values from China and America, especially on sexuality. Through two thousand years of socialization, Chinese culture grew to endorse conservative sexual values and gender roles. In traditional Chinese culture, women are expected to remain chaste and play submissive roles in marriage. Sexuality is treated as a taboo topic that should not be discussed directly. Asian American youth who endorse less traditional Chinese values experience lower sexual satisfaction, lower confidence in their own abilities, and higher adherence to traditional gender roles. Language has also been found to potentially influence how people engage in sexuality by triggering a mindset of Chinese or English culture background.
The current study assessed ethnic identity and acculturation experiences as correlates of sexual and intimate interactions with partners among people with Chinese heritage, and how English and Chinese language are used in relationships. For men, more endorsement of traditional Chinese and mainstream American culture was associated with greater feelings of conflict in their cultural identity. Greater feelings of identity conflict linked to lower ability to effectively and assertively communicate with a partner on sexual topics. Men with higher feelings of identity conflict also reported higher double sexual standard. Women, on the other hand, did not report increased feelings of conflict as they endorsed Chinese and American cultures more strongly. Women's preference for English language was related to their ability to effectively and assertively communicate with partner on sexual topics, whereas men's preference for English language was related to greater communication with partner and lower double sexual standard. Moreover, language fluency was the strongest indicator of language preferences regardless of the contexts or the topics. When making decisions or expressing positive feelings to partner, participants considered a language more effective when they are more fluent in it. However, when expressing negative emotion or discussing sexual topic with partner, people tended to prefer English because English has clearer labels for emotions and sexual terms.
In sum, cultural identity, acculturation experiences, and language proficiency all related to Chinese bilinguals' sexual and romantic attitudes and behaviors, although unique patterns emerged for men and women.
title: Relationship Between the Built Environment, Physical Activity, and Chronic Disease Among Individuals with Disabilities in Rural Communities
Creators: name: Tanner, Nicholas F.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Increased risk for chronic disease is closely associated with individual nutrition, tobacco use, and physical inactivity. This thesis focuses on physical activity as a means of preventing select chronic diseases. A major barrier preventing engagement in physical activity is the built environment. Populations residing in rural environment are not afforded the abundance of opportunities for physical activity prevalent in most urban networks. Of the demographic living in rural environments, individuals with disability face additional barriers to physical activity than those without disability. This leads to a higher prevalence of chronic diseases associated with sedentary lifestyles among populations with disability. Few studies address the correlation between physical activity, chronic disease, and the built environment as they relate to individuals with disability.
This thesis utilized independent samples t tests to evaluate variation among physical activity levels and the prevalence of chronic disease. In the first paper, four research objectives defined the parameters for comparison: (1) physical activity for individuals with disability in rural versus urban environments; (2) physical activity in rural environments for individuals with and without disability; (3) prevalence of chronic disease for individuals with disability in rural versus urban areas; and (4) prevalence of chronic disease in rural environments for individuals with and without disability.
The four research objectives of the second paper are: (1) rural and urban physical activity comparison for the highest disability classification; (2) rural and urban physical activity comparison for individuals with disability using equipment; (3) rural and urban physical activity comparison for individuals with disability resulting from physical, mental, or emotional impairments; and (4) rural and urban physical activity comparison for individuals not reporting disability. The 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provided the data used to evaluate the correlation between these variables.
The results of both studies indicate important statistical significance relating the rural built environment to lower levels of physical activity for individuals with disability. The varied statistical significance and small effect sizes, however, were contrary to the hypothesis and warrants further exploration of the complex relationship regarding the built environment, physical activity, and chronic disease.
title: Rangeland Dynamics and Pastoral Development in the High Andes: The Camelid Herders of Cosapa, Bolivia
Creators: name: Buttolph, Lita P.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1998

description: Current models of rangeland system dynamics were evaluated in Cosapa, a pastoral community on the Bolivian altiplano. Two specific models were tested: the "equilibrium" model, which assumes biotic interactions dominate rangeland dynamics and lead to system stability , and the "nonequilibrium" model, in which stochastic, abiotic factors control systems such that equilibrium is never attained. A livestock development project (called "Project Alpaca ") working in the community was then assessed in terms of how its assumptions of system dynamics compared with empirical findings. The goal of Project Alpaca was to increase incomes for camelid (i.e., llama and alpaca) herders on the Bolivian altiplano by improving the processing, production, and marketing of alpaca wool. Project implementation was carried out by an indigenous herders' association, with funds provided for construction of a modern alpaca wool processing plant and technical interventions at the farm level.
Specific research objectives were to determine which conceptual model of system dynamics (equilibrium or nonequilibrium) best approximated the vegetation and livestock dynamics in Cosapa, and determine the impacts of technical innovations introduced by Project Alpaca . Vegetation dynamics were assessed by comparing plant species composition and production between grazed and ungrazed sites. Pastoral management strategies, livestock population dynamics between 1982 to 1995, and project impacts were assessed using a household survey.
Results from the vegetation analyses showed that grazing protection had little impact on plant productivity, but reduced species diversity in wetland areas. The vegetation thus exhibited nonequilibrial characteristics. Regarding livestock dynamics, populations were relatively stable (over 13 years), although mortality was affected by severe drought, suggesting a combination of equilibrial and nonequilibrial interactions . Project Alpaca assumed an equilibrium model by emphasizing system stability and production maximization. The technical interventions showed positive, negative, and neutral associations with animal productivity. Construction of fenced exclosures on communal land has increased conflicts over land tenure rights, and may marginalize poorer households and increase social stratification . Development recommendations include shifting efforts away from intensification interventions that limit movement and flexibility, and strengthening social and economic networks that buffer the impacts of system variability.
title: Extensions and Improvements to Random Forests for Classification
Creators: name: Quach, Anna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The motivation of my dissertation is to improve two weaknesses of Random Forests. One, the failure to detect genetic interactions between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in higher dimensions when the interacting SNPs both have weak main effects and two, the difficulty of interpretation in comparison to parametric methods such as logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, and linear regression.
We focus on detecting pairwise SNP interactions in genome case-control studies. We determine the best parameter settings to optimize the detection of SNP interactions and improve the efficiency of Random Forests and present an efficient filtering method. The filtering method is compared to leading methods and is shown that it is computationally faster with good detection power.
Random Forests allows us to identify clusters, outliers, and important features for subgroups of observations through the visualization of the proximities. We improve the interpretation of Random Forests through the proximities. The result of the new proximities are asymmetric, and the appropriate visualization requires an asymmetric model for interpretation. We propose a new visualization technique for asymmetric data and compare it to existing approaches.
title: The Efficacy of Plant Residue Degradation Products on Phosphorus, Iron, Iodine, and Fluorine Bioavailability to Plants
Creators: name: Mackowiak, Cheryl L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2001

description: Plant and animal wastes degrade in soils to form relatively stable humified compounds, which form ion complexes that affect the bioavailability of elements in the soil solution. Hydroponic studies with wheat and rice were conducted to characterize the effect of humic acid (HA) on phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), fluorine (F), and iodine (I) bioavailability. Ferrihydrite [Fe(OH)3] precipitation was greater on root surfaces without HA or synthetic chelates. Oxides such as ferrihydrite strongly adsorb P and provide exchange sites for metals. HA reduced this precipitate and increased P and Fe uptake. Humic acid had no effect on F toxicity in rice, where solution levels above 0.5 mM F inhibited growth. Data supported the hypothesis that in moderately acidic solutions (pH< 6), F uptake is primarily as HF rather than F. Doubling solution Ca caused a 10-fold increase in root surface CaF2 precipitates, but the additional Ca did not decrease F toxicity. Calcium levels above 1 mM caused HA to flocculate over time, but the addition of F reduced flocculation by competing with HA for Ca. The majority of shoot F was apparently associated with the middle lamella, suggesting that F may bind with phosphates and pectate-Ca. Organic matter promotes aqueous iodine (I2(aq)) reduction to I-, a less toxic species. HA reduced 12( aq) toxicity by 50%. In solutions without HA, 6.5 μM h(aq) was more toxic than 30 μM I-. Humic acid had no effect on I- uptake or toxicity, where I- and IO3- were toxic to rice at 10 and 100 μM, respectively. These data were used to model element cycling through plants in a regenerative human life support system for NASA 's Advanced Life Support program, where HA, P, Fe, F, and I from plant residues and human wastes are recycled to the crop production system.
The Enigma of le in Mandarin Chinese: An Event Quantifier Account of le and non-le with Action Predicates
Creators: name: WILLIAMS, ANTHONY PAUL
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470303
subject: Chinese languages
classificationCode: 470499
subject: Linguistics not elsewhere classified

description: This research analyses the meaning of the aspect-marker le in Mandarin Chinese. Whereas le is usually claimed to be a marker of temporality (indicating, for example, completion or change-of-state), this account proposes that le is a marker of event quantity, showing that an action occurs a delimited number of times and that particular instances (or groupings thereof) are referred to. This contrasts sentences without le, which refer to event types. This research reveals that whereas for English, the temporal properties of actions are important, for Chinese, it is their quantificational properties that are important, constituting a fundamental difference in how events are conceptualised in the two languages.
Electron spin resonance of some vanadyl, copper and cobalt porphyrins
Creators: name: Lau, Pui-Wah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Electron Spin Resonance study was carried out on a series of metalloporphyrins (where metal = VO²⁺, ⁶³Cu²⁺ , and CO²⁺, porphyrin = (4-pyridyl)porphin, (p-carboxylphenyl)porphin, tetrabenzporphyrin, and octamethyltetrabenzporphyrin), magnetically diluted in the free base porphyrins, or organic solvents, aiming at the understanding of the electronic structures of these biological important compounds and the factors affected them. In the case of vanadyl porphyrin, the unpaired electron was found to be in the b₂ orbital. The changes in ligand field energies as the function of porphyrins were found to correlate with the sizes of the porphyrin holes. Some solvent effects were noted. In the case of copper porphyrins, the unpaired electron was in b[sub lg] orbital. The changes in ligand field energies as the function of porphyrins showed the same trend as the vanadyl counter-parts. The solvent effect was also noted. However, the most interesting results were those of cobalt porphyrins, which gave dramatically different ESR spectra in different environments. When a cobalt porphyrin was magnetically diluted in the free base porphyrin, g[sub ║]< 2 .0 , 2 .0 < g[ sub ┴] < 3.5, |A[ sup CO]|~ 100-200 x 10⁻⁴cm⁻¹, |B[sup CO]|~ 200-400 x 10⁻⁴cm⁻¹. The spin Hamil-tonian parameters correlated very well with the crystal packings. Upon dissolving in pyridine under vacuum, the ESR spectrum showed superhyperfine structures at both g[sub ║] and g[ sub ┴] parts due to two solvent molecules co-ordinated at the axial positions, and changes in other spin Hamiltonian parameters as well. These results gave an insight to the electronic structures of cobalt porphyrins. When the cobalt porphyrin-pyridine complex was exposed to air, an oxygen molecule replaced a solvent molecule. Since g[sub ≈] and A[sub ≈][sub CO] tensors were not coincident, a method for treating the experimental results was given.
Potential Black Hole Seeding of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 4424 via an Infalling Star Cluster
Creators: name: Graham, Alister W.
name: Soria, Roberto
name: Ciambur, Bogdan C.
name: Davis, Benjamin L.
name: Swartz, Douglas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies can grow through their mutual gravitational attraction and subsequent union. While orbiting a regular high-surface-brightness galaxy, the body of a low-mass galaxy can be stripped away. However, the stellar heart of the infalling galaxy, if represented by a tightly-bound nuclear star cluster, is more resilient. From archival Hubble Space Telescope images, we have discovered a red, tidally-stretched star cluster positioned ~5 arcseconds (~400 pc in projection) from, and pointing toward the center of, the post-merger spiral galaxy NGC 4424. The star cluster, which we refer to as `Nikhuli', has a near-infrared luminosity of (6.88+/-1.85)x10^6 L_{solar,F160W} and likely represents the nucleus of a captured/wedded galaxy. Moreover, from our Chandra X-ray Observatory image, Nikhuli is seen to contain a high-energy X-ray point source, with L_{0.5-8 keV} = 6.31^{+7.50}_{-3.77}x10^{38} erg/s (90% confidence). We argue that this is more likely to be an active massive black hole than an X-ray binary. Lacking an outward-pointing comet-like appearance, the stellar structure of Nikhuli favors infall rather than the ejection from a gravitational-wave recoil event. A minor merger with a low-mass early-type galaxy may have sown a massive black hole, aided an X-shaped pseudobulge, and be sewing a small bulge. The stellar mass and the velocity dispersion of NGC 4424 predict a central black hole of (0.6-1.0)x10^5 M_solar, similar to the expected intermediate-mass black hole in Nikhuli, and suggestive of a black hole supply mechanism for bulgeless late-type galaxies. We may potentially be witnessing black hole seeding by capture and sinking, with a nuclear star cluster the delivery vehicle.
description: To appear in ApJ (accepted 21 September 2021)
Auditing aggregate food waste in hospital food services and diverting it from landfill
Creators: name: COOK, NATHAN ROBERT GORDON
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300606
subject: Food sustainability
classificationCode: 350401
subject: Food and hospitality services
classificationCode: 321099
subject: Nutrition and dietetics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 401106
subject: Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling
classificationCode: 321001
subject: Clinical nutrition
classificationCode: 410199
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation not elsewhere classified

description: Food waste is a global problem, and a large contributor to hospital waste. Measuring food waste and diverting food waste from landfill can contribute to its overall reduction. This PhD investigated auditing methods to measure all the food waste in hospital food services, from preparation through to returned uneaten food, as well as identified management strategies that can divert this waste from landfill. This research will support hospital food services to implement these strategies into practice so they can identify their waste amounts and areas for improvement, and divert their food waste from landfill to reduce their environmental footprint.
Eigenvalue density of Wilson loops in 2D SU(N) YM at large N
Creators: name: Lohmayer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eigenvalue density of a Wilson loop matrix W associated with a simple loop in two-dimensional Euclidean SU(N) Yang-Mills theory undergoes a phase transition at a critical size in the infinite-N limit. The averages of 1/det(z-W) and det(1+uW)/(1-vW) at finite N lead to two different smoothed out expressions. It is shown by a saddle-point analysis that both functions tend to the known singular result at infinite N.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, contribution at the 49. Cracow School of Theoretical Physics, Zakopane, Poland, May 31 - June 10, 2009
Dynamic hardware system for cascade SVM classification of melanoma
Creators: name: Afifi, Shereen
name: GholamHosseini, Hamid
name: Sinha, Roopak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, which is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis of melanoma can significantly reduce mortality rates and treatment costs. Therefore, skin cancer specialists are using image-based diagnostic tools for detecting melanoma earlier. We aim to develop a handheld device featured with low cost and high performance to enhance early detection of melanoma at the primary healthcare. But, developing this device is very challenging due to the complicated computations required by the embedded diagnosis system. Thus, we aim to exploit the recent hardware technology in reconfigurable computing to achieve a high-performance embedded system at low cost. Support vector machine (SVM) is a common classifier that shows high accuracy for classifying melanoma within the diagnosis system and is considered as the most compute-intensive task in the system. In this paper, we propose a dynamic hardware system for implementing a cascade SVM classifier on FPGA for early melanoma detection. A multi-core architecture is proposed to implement a two-stage cascade classifier using two classifiers with accuracies of 98% and 73%. The hardware implementation results were optimized by using the dynamic partial reconfiguration technology, where very low resource utilization of 1% slices and power consumption of 1.5 W were achieved. Consequently, the implemented dynamic hardware system meets vital embedded system constraints of high performance and low cost, resource utilization, and power consumption, while achieving efficient classification with high accuracy.
description: Journal paper, 9 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
The Puzzle of the Flyby Anomaly
Creators: name: Turyshev, Slava G.
name: Toth, Viktor T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Close planetary flybys are frequently employed as a technique to place spacecraft on extreme solar system trajectories that would otherwise require much larger booster vehicles or may not even be feasible when relying solely on chemical propulsion. The theoretical description of the flybys, referred to as gravity assists, is well established. However, there seems to be a lack of understanding of the physical processes occurring during these dynamical events. Radio-metric tracking data received from a number of spacecraft that experienced an Earth gravity assist indicate the presence of an unexpected energy change that happened during the flyby and cannot be explained by the standard methods of modern astrodynamics. This puzzling behavior of several spacecraft has become known as the flyby anomaly. We present the summary of the recent anomalous observations and discuss possible ways to resolve this puzzle.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication by Space Science Reviews
Additional file 1 of TRPV2 calcium channel promotes breast cancer progression potential by activating autophagy
Creators: name: Li, Qing
name: Li, Huixian
name: Zhu, Ruiwen
name: Cho, William Chi Shing
name: Yao, Xiaoqiang
name: Leung, Fung Ping
name: Tse, Gary
name: Leung, Lai Kwok
name: Wong, Wing Tak
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Hot neutron stars and their equation of state
Creators: name: Wei, Jin-Biao
name: Burgio, G. F.
name: Raduta, Ad. R.
name: Schulze, H. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of microscopic, covariant density-functional, and non-relativistic Skyrme-type equations of state is employed to study the structure of purely nucleonic neutron stars at finite temperature. After examining the agreement with presently available astrophysical observational constraints, we find that the magnitude of thermal effects depends on the nucleon effective mass as well as on the stiffness of the cold equation of state. We evidence a fairly small but model-dependent effect of finite temperature on stellar stability that is correlated with the relative thermal pressure inside the star.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
title: From the Rim to the River: The Geomorphology of Debris flows in the Green River Canyons of Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado and Utah
Creators: name: Larsen, Isaac J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2003

description: The Green River canyons of the eastern Uinta Mountains have experienced a 5- year period of high debris flow activity. Catchment factors were studied in watersheds and on debris fans with recent debris flows, leading to the development of a conceptual framework of the hillslope and debris flow processes that deliver sediment to the Green River. Two recent fan deposits were monitored to determine the magnitude and processes of reworking that occur during mainstem floods of varying magnitude.
The dominant debris flow initiation mechanism, termed the firehose effect, occurs when overland flow generated on bedrock slopes cascades down steep cliffs and saturates and impacts colluvium stored in bedrock hollows, causing failure. The dry climate and high strength of bedrock cause hillslopes to be weathering-limited, prohibiting the formation of extensive regolith and vegetative cover. This reduces the degree vegetation regulates geomorphic processes and causes wildfire to have little influence on debris flow initiation. The dry climate and strong rocks also lead to high runoff ratios and steep escarpments that result in debris flow initiation via the firehose effect. This initiation process also dominates in Grand Canyon, where geologic and topographic characteristics are similar, but differs from locations in the Rocky Mountains where fire has a strong influence on debris flow processes.
Monitoring of two recently aggraded debris fans shows that mainstem floods with magnitudes as low as 75% of the pre-dam 2-year flood cause significant erosion of fan deposits, whereas floods with magnitudes less than 40% of the pre-dam 2-year flood do little reworking. Armoring of the debris fan surface limited the degree ofreworking done by successive floods. Eroded material was deposited directly downstream of the fan, not at the expansion gravel bar. This depositional location represents a change in the organization of the fan-eddy complex, potentially altering the location of recirculating eddies and associated backwater habitats.
These results indicate that the firehose effect may be the dominant initiation processes in the steep canyons of the Colorado Plateau and that dam releases that significantly rework fan deposits are within the operational range of large dams in the Colorado River system.
Effect of extreme data loss on long-range correlated and anti-correlated signals quantified by detrended fluctuation analysis
Creators: name: Ma, Qianli D. Y.
name: Bartsch, Ronny P.
name: Bernaola-Galván, Pedro
name: Yoneyama, Mitsuru
name: Ivanov, Plamen Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how extreme loss of data affects the scaling behavior of long-range power-law correlated and anti-correlated signals applying the DFA method. We introduce a segmentation approach to generate surrogate signals by randomly removing data segments from stationary signals with different types of correlations. These surrogate signals are characterized by: (i) the DFA scaling exponent $α$ of the original correlated signal, (ii) the percentage $p$ of the data removed, (iii) the average length $μ$ of the removed (or remaining) data segments, and (iv) the functional form of the distribution of the length of the removed (or remaining) data segments. We find that the {\it global} scaling exponent of positively correlated signals remains practically unchanged even for extreme data loss of up to 90%. In contrast, the global scaling of anti-correlated signals changes to uncorrelated behavior even when a very small fraction of the data is lost. These observations are confirmed on the examples of human gait and commodity price fluctuations. We systematically study the {\it local} scaling behavior of signals with missing data to reveal deviations across scales. We find that for anti-correlated signals even 10% of data loss leads to deviations in the local scaling at large scales from the original anti-correlated towards uncorrelated behavior. In contrast, positively correlated signals show no observable changes in the local scaling for up to 65% of data loss, while for larger percentage, the local scaling shows overestimated regions (with higher local exponent) at small scales, followed by underestimated regions (with lower local exponent) at large scales. Finally, we investigate how the scaling is affected by the statistics of the remaining data segments in comparison to the removed segments.
Magnetism Localization in Spin-Polarized One-Dimensional Anderson-Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Okumura, M.
name: Yamada, S.
name: Taniguchi, N.
name: Machida, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to study an interplay of disorder, correlation, and spin imbalance on antiferromagnetism, we systematically explore the ground state of one-dimensional spin-imbalanced Anderson-Hubbard model by using the density-matrix renormalization group method. We find that disorders localize the antiferromagnetic spin density wave induced by imbalanced fermions and the increase of the disorder magnitude shrinks the areas of the localized antiferromagnetized regions. Moreover, the antiferromagnetism finally disappears above a large disorder. These behaviors are observable in atomic Fermi gases loaded on optical lattices and disordered strongly-correlated chains under magnetic field.
title: Contributors to Wisconsin’s Persistent Black-White Gap in Life Expectancy
Creators: name: Roberts, Max T
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: For decades, blacks have faced shorter life expectancy than their white counterparts. This persistent disparity has led to a gap in life expectancy between the two groups. Nationally, this gap has decreased over the last 40 years. However, this is not the case at the state-level as some states have experienced little or no improvement in the life expectancy gap. Such is the case in Wisconsin, where the life expectancy gap is the largest in the nation for males, and the gap actually has grown for females over the last two decades. This study seeks to examine this persistent gap in Wisconsin by looking at different causes of death and the ages when they contribute most to the gap. Additionally, this study will examine how the contribution of certain causes of death have changed over time, both between blacks and whites, and also within each group. Using 1999-2001 and 2009-2011 data from the National Center for Health Statistics, this study found that heart disease and malignant neoplasms (cancer) contributed most to the life expectancy gap between blacks and whites and also over time within each group. For females, diabetes and perinatal conditions were found to be top contributors to the black-white gap. Diabetes contributed most after the age of 50. For males, homicide was found to be a top contributor to the black-white gap, particularly among youth aged 15 to 29. Homicide among males frequently ranked near heart disease and malignant neoplasms as a leading contributor to the gap. These findings tell us that by reducing death rates from these causes at particular moments in the life course, the life expectancy gap between blacks and whites can be reduced. This study provides important evidence that health policy makers can use to address racial disparities in life expectancy.
DriveML: An R Package for Driverless Machine Learning
Creators: name: Putatunda, Sayan
name: Ubrangala, Dayananda
name: Rama, Kiran
name: Kondapalli, Ravi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Presentation ppt for the paper titled "DriveML: An R Package for Driverless Machine Learning". This was presented at the KDD 2021 conference- 2nd International Workshop on Data Quality Assessment for Machine Learning @ Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD) 14-18 August, 2021, Singapore
Controlling Valley-Polarisation in Graphene via Tailored Light Pulses
Creators: name: Mrudul, M. S.
name: Dixit, Gopal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analogous to charge and spin, electrons in solids endows an additional degree of freedom: the valley pseudospin. Two-dimensional hexagonal materials such as graphene exhibit two valleys, labelled as $\mathbf{K}$ and $\mathbf{K}^{\prime}$. These two valleys have the potential to realise logical operations in two-dimensional materials. Obtaining the desired control over valley polarisation between the two valleys is a prerequisite for the logical operations. Recently, it was shown that two counter-rotating circularly polarised laser pulses can induce a significant valley-polarisation in graphene. The main focus of the present work is to optimise the valley polarisation in monolayer graphene by controlling different laser parameters, such as wavelength, intensity ratio, frequency ratio and sub-cycle phase in two counter-rotating circularly polarised laser setup. Moreover, an alternate approach, based on single or few-cycle linearly polarised laser pulse, is also explored to induce significant valley polarisation in graphene. Our work could help experimentalists to choose a suitable method with optimised parameter space to obtain the desired control over valley polarisation in monolayer graphene.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in J. Phys. B Special Issue