cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
N = 3 chiral supergravity compatible with the reality condition and higher N chiral Lagrangian density
Creators: name: Tsuda, Motomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain N = 3 chiral supergravity (SUGRA) compatible with the reality condition by applying the prescription of constructing the chiral Lagrangian density from the usual SUGRA. The $N = 3$ chiral Lagrangian density in first-order form, which leads to the Ashtekar's canonical formulation, is determined so that it reproduces the second-order Lagrangian density of the usual SUGRA especially by adding appropriate four-fermion contact terms. We show that the four-fermion contact terms added in the first-order chiral Lagrangian density are the non-minimal terms required from the invariance under first-order supersymmetry transformations. We also discuss the case of higher N theories, especially for N = 4 and N = 8.
description: 20 pages, Latex, some more discussions and new references added, some typos corrected, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
A reversible fluorescence “ON–OFF–ON” sensor for sequential detection of F− and Cu2+ ions and its application as a molecular-scale logic device and security keypad lock
Creators: name: Arabahmadi, Raziyeh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: A new azoimine receptor, R1, was synthesized by Schiff base condensation of 4-(4-butylphenyl) azophenol and 2,6-diaminopyridine and acts as a colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensor for F− and also toward Cu2+ ions in aqueous environment. UV–Vis absorption and fluorescent emission spectra were employed to study the sensing process. Emission study was performed to examine the dual sensing ability of the obtained probe with sequential addition of F− followed by Cu2+ and vice versa. The receptor is an efficient “ON–OFF” fluorescent probe for the fluoride ion. Also, R1 + F− operated as an “OFF–ON” fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ ions. Considering emission intensity and absorption wavelength for F− and Cu2+ ions, a molecular system was developed with the ability to mimic the functions of XNOR logic gating on the molecular level. In addition, R1 behaved as a molecular security keypad lock with F− and Cu2+ inputs. The keypad lock operation is particularly important, as the output of the system depends not only on the proper combination but also on the order of input signals, creating the correct password that can be used to “open” this molecular keypad lock through strong fluorescence emission at 460 nm.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Boron-Carbon-Nitrogen layers from Methylamine Borane Thermolysis Products
Creators: name: Leardini, Fabrice
name: Flores, Eduardo
name: Galvis, Andrés R.
name: Ferrer, Isabel Jiménez
name: Ares, José Ramón
name: Sánchez, Carlos
name: Molina, Pablo
name: van der Meulen, Herko P.
name: Navarro, Cristina Gómez
name: Polin, Guillermo López
name: Urbanos, Fernando J.
name: Granados, Daniel
name: García-García, F. Javier
name: Demirci, Umit B.
name: Yot, Pascal G.
name: Mastrangelo, Filippo
name: Betti, Maria Grazia
name: Mariani, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates the growth of B-C-N layers by chemical vapor deposition using methylamine borane (MeAB) as single-source precursor. MeAB has been synthesized and characterized, paying particular attention to the analysis of its thermolysis products, which are the gaseous precursors for B-C-N growth. Samples have been grown on Cu foils and transferred onto different substrates for their morphological, structural, chemical, electronic and optical characterizations. The results of these characterizations indicate a segregation of h-BN and Graphene-like (Gr) domains. However, there is an important presence of B and N interactions with C at the Gr borders, and of C interacting at the h-BN-edges, respectively, in the obtained nano-layers. In particular, there is significant presence of C-N bonds, at Gr/h-BN borders and in the form of N doping of Gr domains. The overall B:C:N contents in the layers is close to 1:3:1.5. A careful analysis of the optical bandgap determination of the obtained B-C-N layers is presented, discussed and compared with previous seminal works with samples of similar composition.
description: 35 pages, 7 figures
Accurate in situ Measurement of Ellipticity Based on Sub-cycle Ionization Dynamics
Creators: name: Wang, Chuncheng
name: Li, Xiaokai
name: Xiao, Xiang-Ru
name: Yang, Yizhang
name: Luo, Sizuo
name: Yu, Xitao
name: Xu, Xinpeng
name: Peng, Liang-You
name: Gong, Qihuang
name: Ding, Dajun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elliptically polarized laser pulses (EPLPs) are widely applied in many fields of ultrafast sciences, but the ellipticity~($\varepsilon$) has never been in situ measured in the interaction zone of the laser focus. In this work, we propose and realize a robust scheme to retrieve the $\varepsilon$ by temporally overlapping two identical counter-rotating EPLPs. The combined linearly electric field is coherently controlled to ionize Xe atoms by varying the phase delay between the two EPLPs. The electron spectra of the above-threshold ionization and the ion yield are sensitively modulated by the phase delay. We demonstrate that these modulations can be used to accurately determine $\varepsilon$ of the EPLP. We show that the present method is highly reliable and is applicable in a wide range of laser parameters. The accurate retrieval of $\varepsilon$ offers a better characterization of a laser pulse, promising a more delicate and quantitative control of the sub-cycle dynamics in many strong field processes.
description: Phys. Rev. Lett., in press (2018), 4 figures
Knot Mosaics with Corner Connection Tiles
Creators: name: Heap, Aaron
name: Donovan, Una
name: Grossman, Riley
name: Laine, Nickolas
name: McDermott, Connor
name: Paone, Marcus
name: Southcott, Drew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K10

description: A knot mosaic is a representation of a knot or link on a square grid using a collection of tiles that are either blank or contain a portion of the knot diagram. Traditionally, a piece of the knot on one tile connects to a piece of the knot on an adjacent tile at a connection point that is located at the midpoint of a tile edge. We introduce a new set of tiles in which the connection points are located at corners of the tile. By doing this, we can create more efficient knot mosaics for knots with small crossing number. In particular, when using these corner connection tiles, it is possible to create knot mosaic diagrams for all knots with crossing number 8 or less on a mosaic that is no larger and uses fewer non-blank tiles than is possible using the traditional tiles.
Coherent electron trajectory control in graphene
Creators: name: Heide, Christian
name: Higuchi, Takuya
name: Weber, Heiko B.
name: Hommelhoff, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate coherent electron dynamics in graphene, interacting with the electric field waveform of two orthogonally polarized, few-cycle laser pulses. Recently, we demonstrated that linearly polarized driving pulses lead to sub-optical-cycle Landau-Zener quantum path interference by virtue of the combination of intraband motion and interband transition [Higuchi $\textit{et al.}$, Nature $\textbf{550}$, 224 (2017)]. Here we introduce a pulsed control laser beam, orthogonally polarized to the driving pulses, and observe the ensuing electron dynamics. The relative delay between the two pulses is a tuning parameter to control the electron trajectory, now in a complex fashion exploring the full two-dimensional reciprocal space in graphene. Depending on the relative phase, the electron trajectory in the reciprocal space can, for example, be deformed to suppress the quantum path interference resulting from the driving laser pulse. Intriguingly, this strong-field-based complex matter wave manipulation in a two-dimensional conductor is driven by a high repetition rate \textit{laser oscillator}, rendering unnecessary complex and expensive amplified laser systems.
РАННЯЯ СПАЕЧНАЯ   КИШЕЧНАЯ НЕПРОХОДИМОСТЬ У ДЕТЕЙ
Creators: name: Хамидов, Б.Х.
name: Хуррамов, Ф.М.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Частота возникновения спаечной кишечной непроходимости  у детей составляет до 16-18%  по отношению  к другим  видам  кишечной  непроходимости.  Цель  данного исследования оценить  влияние комплексной терапии на процессы рассасывании склеек плоско-плёнчатых спаек при ранней  спаечной непроходимости кишечника  у детей. Используя  дифференцированный  целенаправленные  консервативные  мероприятия,  проводимые под контролем клинической картины и УЗИ  обследования  оказываются эффективными   более  чем у 63% детей,  что значительно уменьшает риск самой  операции.  Сдержанная тактика оправдывает  себя при острой  кишечной  непроходимости.
title: Comparing whole-brain directed with undirected connectivity estimates under ketamine and placebo
Creators: name: Galustian, Leonard
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Variational Bayesian inference
subject: fMRI data

description: Analyzing the network-level effects of psychiatric medications on the human brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown promise in uncovering details on their mechanism of action. In particular, ketamine has gained attention in recent years in psychiatric pharmacotherapy due to its rapid-acting antidepressant effects. Ketamine represents a significant development in the treatment of depression, offering hope for individuals for whom traditional treatment options have been ineffective. However, the whole-brain network-level effects of ketamine have so far only been analyzed with undirected connectivity, offering only information on the correlations across different brain regions. In contrast, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) allows for the estimation of directed connectivity. Regression DCM (rDCM) is a recent variant of DCM designed to be more computationally efficient and applicable to larger sets of brain regions, making it suitable for estimating the directed effects of pharmacological interventions like ketamine across the whole brain. In this study, we therefore estimate the fMRI-based whole-brain directed network of 30 healthy participants in a randomized placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, in which they were administered subanesthetic doses of ketamine and placebo. We then find the connections with significant changes between placebo and ketamine and analyze the differences between the directed and undirected networks. We find that ketamine has the strongest influence in the visual processing regions and that directed connectivity uncovered almost double the amount of significant differences compared to undirected connectivity. These additional effects of ketamine are potentially missed in current studies analyzing undirected networks.
Fungal Diversity and Enzyme Activity Associated with the Macroalgae, Agarum clathratum
Creators: name: Seobihn Lee
name: Park, Myung Soo
name: Hanbyul Lee
name: Jae-Jin Kim
name: Eimes, John A.
name: Lim, Young Woon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Agarum clathratum, a brown macroalgae species, has recently become a serious environmental problem on the coasts of Korea. In an effort to solve this problem, fungal diversity associated with decaying A. clathratum was investigated and related β-glucosidase and endoglucanase activities were described. A total of 233 fungal strains were isolated from A. clathratum at 15 sites and identified 89 species based on morphology and a multigene analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and protein-coding genes including actin (act), β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM), and translation elongation factor (tef1). Acremonium, Corollospora, and Penicillium were the dominant genera, and Acremonium fuci and Corollospora gracilis were the dominant species. Fifty-one species exhibited cellulase activity, with A. fuci, Alfaria terrestris, Hypoxylon perforatum, P. madriti, and Pleosporales sp. Five showing the highest enzyme activities. Further enzyme quantification confirmed that these species had higher cellulase activity than P. crysogenum, a fungal species described in previous studies. This study lays the groundwork for bioremediation using fungi to remove decaying seaweed from populated areas and provides important background for potential industrial applications of environmentally friendly processes.
Optimized effective potential method with exact exchange and static RPA correlation
Creators: name: Kotani, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new density-functional method of the self-consistent electronic-structure calculation which does not exploit any local density approximations (LDA). We use the exchange-correlation energy which consists of the exact exchange and the correlation energies in the random-phase approximation. The functional derivative of the correlation energy with respect to the density is obtained within a static approximation. For transition metals, it is shown that the correlation potential gives rise to a large contribution which has the opposite sign to the exchange potential. Resulting eigenvalue dispersions and the magnetic moments are very close to those of LDA's and the experiments.
description: 12pages. 4 figures
Erster in Deutschland durch Stechmücken übertragener Fall einer West-Nil-Virus-Infektion
Creators: name: Wilking, Hendrik
name: Offergeld, Ruth
name: Lachmann, Raskit
name: Grünewald, Thomas
name: Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: West-Nil-Virus
subject: Zoonose
subject: Mücken
subject: Klimawandel
subject: Blutspende
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Das Epidemiologische Bulletin 40/2019 berichtet, dass erstmals eine in Deutschland durch Mücken übertragene Infektion und Erkrankung mit dem West-Nil-Virus (WNV) bekannt geworden ist: Die Person aus Sachsen war an einer Meningoenzephalitis erkrankt und ist inzwischen wieder genesen. WNV werden von Stechmücken zwischen Vögeln übertragen, aber auch Säugetiere (vor allem Pferde) und Menschen können sich über Mückenstiche infizieren. 2018 und 2019 wurden die Viren bei Vögeln und Pferden in Deutschland nachgewiesen (Bayern, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Brandenburg, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Hamburg), besonders betroffen war Ostdeutschland. WNV wird von heimischen Stechmücken der Gattung Culex übertragen. Der Großteil der Infektionen beim Menschen verläuft ohne Symptome, bei knapp 20 % tritt eine meist milde und unspezifische Symptomatik wie Fieber oder Hautausschlag auf. Nur bei unter 1 % aller Betroffenen – in der Regel bei Älteren mit Vorerkrankungen – kommt es zu einer Meningitis oder seltener zu einer Enzephalitis, die tödlich enden kann. Da die Zahl der Stechmücken im Herbst zurückgeht, nimmt das Risiko weiterer Fälle derzeit ab.
Poisson structures on loop spaces of $\mathbb{C} P^n$ and an $r$-matrix associated with the universal elliptic curve
Creators: name: Odesskii, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a family of Poisson structures of hydrodynamic type on the loop space of $\mathbb{C} P^{n-1}$. This family is parametrized by the moduli space of elliptic curves or, in other words, by the modular parameter $τ$. This family can be lifted to a homogeneous Poisson structure on the loop space of $\mathbb{C}^n$ but in order to do that we need to upgrade the modular parameter $τ$ to an additional field $τ(x)$ with Poisson brackets $\{τ(x),τ(y)\}=0,~~\{τ(x),z_a(y)\}=2πi~ z_a(y)~δ^{\prime}(x-y)$ where $z_1,...,z_n$ are coordinates on $\mathbb{C}^n$. These homogeneous Poisson structures can be written in terms of an elliptic $r$-matrix of hydrodynamic type.
description: 15 pages, latex
Plane fronted electromagnetic waves and an asymptotic limit of Liénard--Wiechert fields
Creators: name: Hogan, Peter A.
name: Puetzfeld, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colliding or noncolliding plane fronted electromagnetic or gravitational waves are the asymptotic limit of Robinson--Trautman spherical electromagnetic or gravitational waves. Noncolliding plane fronted waves contain no information about their sources whereas colliding waves contain information about possibly the motion of their sources. As a first step to investigate the latter phenomenon we construct an asymptotic limit of Liénard--Wiechert electromagnetic fields in the context of Minkowskian space--time. This has the advantage that the source is well known and the calculations can be carried out in full detail. The final result is an algebraically general Maxwell field which consists of colliding plane fronted waves in a subregion of Minkowskian space--time and an interesting byproduct is a novel perspective on a Maxwell field originally discovered by Bateman.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
On the Hawking effect
Creators: name: Schützhold, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In terms of the Painlev{é}-Gullstrand-Lema{\^ı}tre coordinates a rather general scenario for the gravitational collapse of an object and the subsequent formation of a horizon is described by a manifestly $C^\infty$-metric. For a 1+1 dimensional model of the collapse the leading contributions to the Bogoliubov coefficients are calculated explicitely and the Hawking temperature is recovered. But depending on the particular dynamics of the collapse the final state represents either evaporation or anti-evaporation. The generalization of the calculation to 3+1 dimensions is outlined and possible implications are addressed. PACS-numbers: 04.70.Dy, 04.70.-s, 04.62.+v.
description: 16 pages RevTeX, 5 EPS figures added
Fluxon pinning through interaction with the superconducting wiring of long annular Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Muenter, D.
name: Doderer, T.
name: Pressler, H.
name: Keil, S.
name: Huebener, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statics and dynamics of magnetic flux quanta (fluxons) in long annular Josephson tunnel junctions have been investigated. Pinning by interaction of the fluxon field outside the junction with the superconducting wiring has been observed in spatially resolving measurements using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. We were able to influence the characteristics of this field by carefully modifying the beam-induced fluxon trapping procedure. In this way we were able to select the pinning site acting on the fluxon.
description: 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Resurgent Structure of the Topological String and the First Painlevé Equation
Creators: name: Iwaki, Kohei
name: Marino, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an explicit formula for the Stokes automorphism acting on the topological string partition function. When written in terms of the dual partition function, our formula implies that flat coordinates in topological string theory transform as quantum periods, and according to the Delabaere-Dillinger-Pham formula. We first show how the formula follows from the non-linear Stokes phenomenon of the Painlevé I equation, together with the connection between its $τ$-function and topological strings on elliptic curves. Then, we show that this formula is also a consequence of a recent conjecture on the resurgent structure of the topological string, based on the holomorphic anomaly equations, and it is in fact valid for arbitrary Calabi-Yau threefolds.
Large magnetic gap at the Dirac point in a Mn-induced Bi$_2$Te$_3$ heterostructure
Creators: name: Rienks, E. D. L.
name: Wimmer, S.
name: Mandal, P. S.
name: Caha, O.
name: Růžička, J.
name: Ney, A.
name: Steiner, H.
name: Volobuev, V. V.
name: Groiss, H.
name: Albu, M.
name: Khan, S. A.
name: Minár, J.
name: Ebert, H.
name: Bauer, G.
name: Varykhalov, A.
name: Sánchez-Barriga, J.
name: Rader, O.
name: Springholz, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetically doped topological insulators enable the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) which provides quantized edge states for lossless charge transport applications. The edge states are hosted by a magnetic energy gap at the Dirac point but all attempts to observe it directly have been unsuccessful. The gap size is considered crucial to overcoming the present limitations of the QAHE, which so far occurs only at temperatures one to two orders of magnitude below its principle limit set by the ferromagnetic Curie temperature $T_C$. Here, we use low temperature photoelectron spectroscopy to unambiguously reveal the magnetic gap of Mn-doped Bi$_2$Te$_3$ films, which is present only below $T_C$. Surprisingly, the gap turns out to be $\sim$90 meV wide, which not only exceeds $k_BT$ at room temperature but is also 5 times larger than predicted by density functional theory. By an exhaustive multiscale structure characterization we show that this enhancement is due to a remarkable structure modification induced by Mn doping. Instead of a disordered impurity system, it forms an alternating sequence of septuple and quintuple layer blocks, where Mn is predominantly incorporated in the septuple layers. This self-organized heterostructure substantially enhances the wave-function overlap and the size of the magnetic gap at the Dirac point, as recently predicted. Mn-doped Bi$_2$Se$_3$ forms a similar heterostructure, however, only a large, nonmagnetic gap is formed. We explain both differences based on the higher spin-orbit interaction in Bi$_2$Te$_3$ with the most important consequence of a magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the films, whereas for Bi$_2$Se$_3$ the spin-orbit interaction it is too weak to overcome the dipole-dipole interaction. Our findings provide crucial insights for pushing the lossless transport properties of topological insulators towards room-temperature applications.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Stochastic thermodynamics of a quantum dot coupled to a finite-size reservoir
Creators: name: Moreira, Saulo V.
name: Samuelsson, Peter
name: Potts, Patrick P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In nano-scale systems coupled to finite-size reservoirs, the reservoir temperature may fluctuate due to heat exchange between the system and the reservoirs. To date, a stochastic thermodynamic analysis of heat, work and entropy production in such systems is however missing. Here we fill this gap by analyzing a single-level quantum dot tunnel coupled to a finite-size electronic reservoir. The system dynamics is described by a Markovian master equation, depending on the fluctuating temperature of the reservoir. Based on a fluctuation theorem, we identify the appropriate entropy production that results in a thermodynamically consistent statistical description. We illustrate our results by analyzing the work production for a finite-size reservoir Szilard engine.
Transition from Haldane Phase to Spin Liquid and Incommensurate Correlation in Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Chains
Creators: name: Watanabe, Shinji
name: Yokoyama, Hisatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bulk properties and impurity effect in the one-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg model with dimerization and next-nearest-neighbor exchange are studied by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and exact diagonalization methods. This model widely covers the S=1 Heisenberg model, two-leg ladders, bond-alternating chains and the S=1/2 Heisenberg model. Almost the whole parameter space belongs to the Haldane phase. In the non-dimerizing limit a transition to a kind of spin liquid takes place, characterized by the delocalized spin polarization. This transition causes the distinct impurity effects between a spin-Peierls compound CuGeO_{3} and the Haldane systems. Experimental aspects of a bond-alternating compound CuNb_{2}O_{6} are also discussed. Furthermore, the incommensurate correlation arising in this model is extensively studied, and a phase diagram is constructed.
description: Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 25 pages. 32 figures. Figs.13-32 (1.72MB) are available on request by E-mail or hard copy
A Large-Scale Comparative Study of Beta Testers and Standard Users
Creators: name: Stavova, Vlasta
name: Dedkova, Lenka
name: Ukrop, Martin
name: Matyas, Vashek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Beta testers are the first end users outside a software company to use its product. They have been used for decades and are rightly credited not only with finding and reporting bugs, but also with improving general product usability through their feedback and/or the ways they use the product. In this paper, we investigate whether beta testers represent standard users well enough to allow for the extrapolation of testing data to standard users. We have investigated records of beta testers and standard users of home security solution developed by the IT security software provider ESET. With more than 600 000 participants from more than 180 countries, we present what we believe to be the first large-scale comparison between standard users and beta testers. We compared several aspects of both populations, such as hardware, operating system, country of origin and EULA reading time, all taken from system data. Other attributes, such as age, gender, privacy perception and computer proficiency self-evaluation, were available thanks to a user questionnaire. We conclude that - at least in our study - beta users represent standard users well in terms of hardware and operating system in large scale beta testing. However, populations differ significantly in the distribution of users and testers between countries. This may cause a problem when a testing includes localization and usability issues that may be influenced by regional differences.
description: Further paper details available at https://crocs.fi.muni.cz/papers/cacm2018
A reversible fluorescence “ON-OFF-ON” sensor for sequential detection of F− and Cu2+ ions and its application as a molecular-scale logic device and security keypad lock
Creators: name: Arabahmadi, Raziyeh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: A new azoimine receptor, R1, was synthesized by Schiff base condensation of 4-(4-butylphenyl) azophenol and 2,6-diaminopyridine and acts as a colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensor for F− and also towards Cu2+ ions in aqueous environment. UV–vis absorption and fluorescent emission spectra were employed to study the sensing process. Emission study was performed to examine the dual sensing ability of the obtained probe with sequential addition of F− followed by Cu2+ and vice-versa. The receptor is an efficient “ON–OFF” fluorescent probe for the fluoride ion. Also, R1 + F− operated as an “OFF–ON” fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ ions. Considering emission intensity and absorption wavelength for F− and Cu2+ ions, a molecular system was developed with the ability to mimic the functions of XNOR logic gating on the molecular level. In addition, R1 behaved as a molecular security keypad lock with F− and Cu2+ inputs. The keypad lock operation is particularly important, as the output of the system depends not only on the proper combination but also on the order of input signals, creating the correct password that can be used to “open” this molecular keypad lock through strong fluorescence emission at 460 nm.
Trirefringence in nonlinear magnetoeletric metamaterials revisited
Creators: name: De Lorenci, V. A.
name: Junior, A. L. Ferreira
name: Pereira, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trirefringence is related to the existence of three distinct phase velocity solutions (and polarizations) for light propagation in a same wave-vector direction. This implies that when a trirefringent medium refracts a light ray, it is split into three rays with different velocities and linearly independent polarizations. Here a previous investigation [1] is revisited and its results are generalized to include a broader class of magnetoelectric materials. Moreover, it is argued that trirefringent media could already be achieved using present day technologies. Examples are given to support that focused on built layered media under the influence of applied electromagnetic fields.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Exorcizing Ghosts from the Vacuum Spectra in String-inspired Nonlocal Tachyon Condensation
Creators: name: Nortier, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tachyon condensation in quantum field theory (QFT) plays a central role in models of fundamental interactions and cosmology. Inspired by tower truncation in string field theory, ultraviolet completions were proposed with infinite-derivative form factors that preclude the appearance of pathological ghosts in the particle spectrum, contrary to other local higher-derivative QFT's. However, if the infinite-derivative QFT exhibits other vacua, each of them has its own spectrum, which is generally not ghost-free: an infinite tower of ghost-like resonances pops up above the nonlocal scale at tree-level, whose consistency is unclear. In this article, a new weakly nonlocal deformation of a generic local QFT is introduced via a Lorentz and gauge covariant star-product of fields, which is commutative but nonassociative in general. This framework realizes tachyon condensation without ghosts at the perturbative level, with applications for spontaneous symmetry breaking.
description: 20 pages (+ references), 2 figures. v4: Journal version. v6-7: Include erratum + addendum (Higgs potential with star-products modified + discussion about solution with counter-term)
Stable target opinion through power law bias in information exchange
Creators: name: Datta, Amitava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of binary decision making when a certain population of agents is initially seeded with two different opinions, `$+$' and `$-$', with fractions $p_1$ and $p_2$ respectively, $p_1+p_2=1$. Individuals can reverse their initial opinion only once based on this information exchange. We study this model on a completely connected network, where any pair of agents can exchange information, and a two-dimensional square lattice with periodic boundary conditions, where information exchange is possible only between the nearest neighbors. We propose a model in which each agent maintains two counters of opposite opinions and accepts opinions of other agents with a power law bias until a threshold is reached, when they fix their final opinion. Our model is inspired by the study of negativity bias and positive-negative asymmetry known in the psychology literature for a long time. Our model can achieve stable intermediate mix of positive and negative opinions in a population. In particular, we show that it is possible to achieve close to any fraction $p_3, 0\leq p_3\leq 1$, of `$-$' opinion starting from an initial fraction $p_1$ of `$-$' opinion by applying a bias through adjusting the power law exponent of $p_3$.
description: 11 pages, 9 figure
Data for: Elucidating the role of diverse mineralisation paradigms on bone biomechanics - a coarse-grained molecular dynamics investigation
Creators: name: Tavakol, Mahdi
name: vaughan, ted
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400303
subject: Biomechanical engineering
classificationCode: 400399
subject: Biomedical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Data for: Elucidating the role of diverse mineralisation paradigms on bone biomechanics - a coarse-grained molecular dynamics investigation
Spontaneous symmetry-breaking at surfaces of $d$-wave superconductors: influence of geometry and surface ruggedness
Creators: name: Holmvall, P.
name: Vorontsov, A.
name: Fogelstrom, M.
name: Lofwander, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surfaces of $d$-wave superconductors may host a substantial density of zero-energy Andreev states. The zero-energy flat band appears due to a topological constraint, but comes with a cost in free energy. We have recently found that an adjustment of the surface states can drive a phase transition into a phase with finite superflow that breaks time-reversal symmetry and translational symmetry along the surface. The associated Doppler shifts of Andreev states to finite energies lower the free energy. Direct experimental verification of such a phase is still technically difficult and controversial, however. To aid further experimental efforts, we use the quasiclassical theory of superconductivity to investigate how the realization and the observability of such a phase are influenced by sample geometry and surface ruggedness. Phase diagrams are produced for relevant geometric parameters. In particular, critical sizes and shapes are identified, providing quantitative guidelines for sample fabrication in the experimental hunt for symmetry-breaking phases.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Intrinsic pinning in layered antiferromagnetic superconductor
Creators: name: Krzyszton, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intrinsic pinning in high-temperature superconductor with long range antiferromagnetic order of rare-earth ions confined to the isolating planes is described. The interaction of antiferromagnetic and superconducting subsystems in the mixed state may lead to the creation of spin-flop domain along the vortex core. It is shown that the behavior of several physical quantities such as magnetization, activation energy, current-voltage characteristic and flux creep changes when the direction of the external field changes in the basal a-b plane. It is also shown that the decay of the trapped flux is logarithmic function of time
description: 14 LaTex pages, 4 jpg figures, to be published in Physica C
First principles characterization of reversible martensitic transformations
Creators: name: Ferrari, Alberto
name: Sangiovanni, Davide G.
name: Rogal, Jutta
name: Drautz, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reversible martensitic transformations (MTs) are the origin of many fascinating phenomena, including the famous shape memory effect. In this work, we present a fully ab initio procedure to characterize MTs in alloys and to assess their reversibility. Specifically, we employ ab initio molecular dynamics data to parametrize a Landau expansion for the free energy of the MT. This analytical expansion makes it possible to determine the stability of the high- and low-temperature phases, to obtain the Ehrenfest order of the MT, and to quantify its free energy barrier and latent heat. We apply our model to the high-temperature shape memory alloy Ti-Ta, for which we observe remarkably small values for the metastability region (the interval of temperatures in which the high-and low-temperature phases are metastable) and for the barrier: these small values are necessary conditions for the reversibility of MTs and distinguish shape memory alloys from other materials.
Perspective: 3D quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Lu, Hai-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the quantum Hall effect in 2D systems opens the door to topological phases of matter. A quantum Hall effect in 3D is a long-sought phase of matter and has inspired many efforts and claims. In the perspective, we review our proposal that guarantees a 3D quantum Hall effect. The proposal employs the topologically-protected Fermi arcs and the "wormhole" tunneling via the Weyl nodes in a 3D topological semimetal. The 1D edge states in this 3D quantum Hall effect show an example of (d-2)-dimensional boundary states. Possible signatures of the 3D quantum Hall effect have been observed in the topological Dirac semimetals, but with many questions, which will attract more works to verify the mechanism and realize the 3D quantum Hall in the future.
description: An extended version based on a Perspective published on National Science Review
Magnetic flux locking in two weakly coupled superconducting rings
Creators: name: Ouboter, R. de Bruyn
name: Omelyanchouk, A. N.
name: Vol, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the quantum interference effects in the macroscopic ''superconducting molecule''. The composite system consists of two massive superconducting rings, each interrupted by a Josephson junction, which are at the same time weakly coupled with one another. The special case of coupling via the Josephson four-terminal junction is considered. The structure of the macroscopic quantum states in an applied magnetic field is calculated. It is shown, that depending on the values of the magnetic fluxes through each ring, the system displays two groups of states, the ''orthostates'' with both induced currents going in the same direction, and the ''parastates'' with the opposite currents and with the total induced flux locked to zero value. The transition to the flux locked state with changing of the total applied flux is sudden and is preserved in a certain interval which is determined by the difference of the fluxes applied through each ring. It makes the system sensitive to small gradients of the external magnetic field.
description: 8 pages in Latex, 3 figures (eps)
Statistical mechanics of image restoration and error-correcting codes
Creators: name: Nishimori, H.
name: Wong, K. Y. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a statistical-mechanical formulation for image restoration and error-correcting codes. These problems are shown to be equivalent to the Ising spin glass with ferromagnetic bias under random external fields. We prove that the quality of restoration/decoding is maximized at a specific set of parameter values determined by the source and channel properties. For image restoration in mean-field system a line of optimal performance is shown to exist in the parameter space. These results are illustrated by solving exactly the infinite-range model. The solutions enable us to determine how precisely one should estimate unknown parameters. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to see how far the conclusions from the infinite-range model are applicable to the more realistic two-dimensional case in image restoration.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, ReVTeX
Temperature suppression of STM-induced desorption of hydrogen on Si(100) surfaces
Creators: name: Thirstrup, C.
name: Sakurai, M.
name: Nakayama, T.
name: Stokbro, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of hydrogen (H) desorption from Si(100) H-terminated surfaces by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is reported for negative sample bias. It is found that the STM induced H desorption rate ($R$) decreases several orders of magnitude when the substrate temperature is increased from 300 K to 610 K. This is most noticeable at a bias voltage of -7 V where $R$ decreases by a factor of ~200 for a temperature change of 80 K, whilst it only decreases by a factor of ~3 at -5 V upon the same temperature change. The experimental data can be explained by desorption due to vibrational heating by inelastic scattering via a hole resonance. This theory predicts a weak suppression of desorption with increasing temperature due to a decreasing vibrational lifetime, and a strong bias dependent suppression due to a temperature dependent lifetime of the hole resonance.
description: 5 pages, RevTeX, epsf files. Accepted for surface science letters
Stellar masses from granulation and oscillations of 23 bright red giants observed by BRITE - Constellation
Creators: name: Kallinger, T.
name: Beck, P. G.
name: Hekker, S.
name: Huber, D.
name: Kuschnig, R.
name: Rockenbauer, M.
name: Winter, P. M.
name: Weiss, W. W.
name: Handler, G.
name: Moffat, A. F. J.
name: Pigulski, A.
name: Popowicz, A.
name: Wade, G. A.
name: Zwintz, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The study of stellar structure and evolution depends crucially on accurate stellar parameters. The photometry from space telescopes has provided superb data that allowed asteroseismic characterisation of thousands of stars. However, typical targets of space telescopes are rather faint and complementary measurements are difficult to obtain. On the other hand, the brightest, otherwise well-studied stars, are lacking seismic characterization. Aims: Our goal is to use the granulation and/or oscillation time scales measured from photometric time series of bright red giants (1.6$\leq$Vmag$\leq$5.3) observed with BRITE to determine stellar surface gravities and masses. Methods: We use probabilistic methods to characterize the granulation and/or oscillation signal in the power density spectra and the autocorrelation function of the BRITE time series. Results: We detect a clear granulation and/or oscillation signal in 23 red giant stars and extract the corresponding time scales from the power density spectra as well as the autocorrelation function of the BRITE time series. To account for the recently discovered non-linearity of the classical seismic scaling relations, we use parameters from a large sample of Kepler stars to re-calibrate the scalings of the high- and low-frequency components of the granulation signal. We develop a method to identify which component is measured if only one granulation component is statistically significant in the data. We then use the new scalings to determine the surface gravity of our sample stars, finding them to be consistent with those determined from the autocorrelation signal of the time series. We further use radius estimates from the literature to determine the stellar masses of our sample stars from the measured surface gravities. We also define a statistical measure for the evolutionary stage of the stars.
description: 17 pager, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
title: Effect of soil moisture content on the bearing capacity of small bored piles in the unsaturated soil of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
Creators: name: Ricken Marques, Verônica
name: Belincanta, Antonio
name: Beroya-Eitner, Mary Antonette
name: Almada Augusto, Jorge Luis
name: Guelssi, Ewerton
name: Zachert, Hauke
Publisher: name: EDP Sciences
Year: 2021

description: In this study, the influence of soil moisture on the bearing capacity of piles founded in an unsaturated clay soil was investigated. The soil studied, composing the upper soil layer in Maringá, Brazil, is lateritic, has degree of saturation between 37% and 70% and has collapsible behaviour when wet. The bearing capacity was determined by full-scale load tests following the Brazilian Standard for Static Load Test. Two pile lengths, 4 m and 8 m, were considered. To analyse the influence of soil moisture, two tests were performed for each pile length: one in soil in its natural moisture content and another in pre-moistened soil. Results show that for both pile lengths, an increase in water content caused a significant reduction in bearing capacity, which is attributed to the decrease in the matric suction of the soil. This is confirmed by the results of the initial evaluation made on the variation of matric suction and its contribution to the bearing capacity with changes in water content. In summary, this study confirms that the pile bearing capacity in unsaturated soil is dependent on soil water content, highlighting the fact that the approach of assuming full saturation condition in the evaluation of the pile bearing capacity in such soil may give erroneous results. Moreover, this study demonstrate that the empirical methods most commonly used in Brazil for pile bearing capacity determination, the Décourt & Quaresma and Aoki & Velloso methods, are overly conservative when applied to the Maringá soil.