cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Calibrate Auction-conjoint Experiment to Elicit Consumer Valuation of Sustainable Farming: Is Agro-systems Preservation Relevant?
Creators: name: Avitia, Jessica
name: Costa-Font, Montserrat
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Avitia, Jessica
name: Costa-Font, Montserrat
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper analyses the role of agro-systems preservation on making food choices. It employs the “Calibrate Auction-Conjoint Valuation method” (CACM), which relates hypothetical conjoint valuation of product attributes with real market behavior using real economic incentives. The paper also allows comparing the hypothetical and nonhypothetical valuations in order to value the difference between the theoretic and the incentive-compatible WTP for a same respondent and within a single experiment. Thus the paper aims at testing for: 1) the internal consistency on people’s behavior towards sustainable agriculture, and 2) the relevance of the price attribute versus agro-ecosystems preservation for a fresh product. Results suggest that Spanish respondents’ valuation of an agricultural product highly depends on the type of system used for its production. Nevertheless, respondents mainly differ between sustainable and non sustainable production, and do not discriminate between organic and integrated systems. In addition, both the price and the protection of the environment are the most important elements taken into account when purchasing. Moreover, consumers tend to overestimate their WTP in hypothetical settings (60% of the sample). Finally, factors such as gender, respondents’ knowledge towards organic production and practices, health concerns, trust on organic marketing agents and risk perception are significant on explaining differences between individual’s hypothetical and non-hypothetical experiments.
Agent Behavior under Risky and Uncertain Conditions. An Empirical Verification of Irving Fisher’s Notion of Time Preference
Creators: name: Balgah, Roland Azibo
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
name: Balgah, Roland Azibo
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risks
subject: uncertainty
subject: agent behavior
subject: Fisher
subject: time preference
subject: Cameroon

description: Irving Fisher's theory on time preference in the 1930s arguably influenced the analysis of agents' current behavior with respect to future outcomes. By suggesting linear discount rates implying rational and self-interested motives of agents, Fisher substantiated neoclassical economic thinking. However, Fisher's notion of time preference, the choice between present and future enjoyment that actually integrates a psychological discounting component has not received similar attention in the scholarly literature. This paper aims at closing this gap. It empirically examines agent behavior under uncertain conditions culminating from natural shocks, and differentiates the psychic from the physical component. To empirically test Fisher's notion of time preference, we analyze disaster households from the 1986 Lake Nyos natural shock in rural Cameroon. We look at differences in incomes for impatient households, who illegally moved back to the disaster area and more patient and stationary households in official resettlement camps. Results show that, contrary to Fisher's contention, wealth is positively correlated with impatience. Households in the disaster zone display higher incomes than stationary ones. This finding assumes that differences in incomes existed before the movement. The results lead us to conclude that Irving Fisher's theory is only partially relevant in explaining agent behavior under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Partiality is attributed by the finding that impatience was rather positively correlated with income, with the exception of social capital. The results lead us to conclude that Irving Fisher's theory is only partially relevant in explaining agent behavior under conditions of risk and uncertainty.
Modeling Quasar UV/Optical Variability with the Corona-heated Accretion-disk Reprocessing (CHAR) Model
Creators: name: Sun, Mouyuan
name: Xue, Yongquan
name: Guo, Hengxiao
name: Wang, Junxian
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Trump, Jonathan R.
name: He, Zhicheng
name: Liu, Tong
name: Wu, Jianfeng
name: Li, Haikun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rest-frame UV/optical variability of the quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 is used to test the Corona-Heated Accretion-disk Reprocessing (CHAR) model of Sun et al. 2020. We adopt our CHAR model and the observed black-hole masses ($M_{\mathrm{BH}}$) and luminosities ($L$) to generate mock light curves that share the same measurement noise and sampling as the real observations. Without any fine-tuning, our CHAR model can satisfactorily reproduce the observed ensemble structure functions for different $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$, $L$, and rest-frame wavelengths. Our analyses reveal that a luminosity-dependent bolometric correction is disfavored over the constant bolometric correction for UV/optical luminosities. Our work demonstrates the possibility of extracting quasar properties (e.g., the bolometric correction or the dimensionless viscosity parameter) by comparing the physical CHAR model with quasar light curves.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ
Oxygen and neon abundances of planetary nebulae in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4697
Creators: name: Mendez, R. H.
name: Thomas, D.
name: Saglia, R. P.
name: Maraston, C.
name: Kudritzki, R. P.
name: Bender, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents deep spectra of 14 planetary nebulae (PNs) at a variety of angular distances from the center of the flattened elliptical galaxy NGC 4697. Both near the center and among the most outlying PNs we have found several examples of very strong [O III] 5007, about 20 times brighter than Hbeta. This, together with strong [Ne III] lines, implies a lower limit for O and Ne abundances near solar at the center and also at more than two effective radii from the center of NGC 4697. Thus we have found, for the first time from individual stars, direct evidence of the existence of a metal-rich population in elliptical galaxies, confirming metallicities derived from absorption-line indices and extending the information to angular distances where the stellar surface brightness is too low for absorption-line studies. A comparison with abundances obtained closer to the center of NGC 4697 from integrated absorption-line spectra indicates that the metallicity gradient, which is quite steep within one effective radius, becomes much less pronounced beyond one effective radius. The only alternative to this interpretation would be the presence of a very metal-poor PN population with [Z/H] below -1, which we cannot rule out but would require an extremely bimodal metallicity distribution with almost no intermediate metallicities.
description: 43 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
LAMOST J202629.80+423652.0 is not a symbiotic star
Creators: name: Andreoli, V.
name: Munari, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LAMOST J202629.80+423652.0 has been recently classified as a new symbiotic star containing a long-period Mira, surrounded by dust (D-type) and displaying in the optical spectra high ionization emission lines, including the Raman-scattered OVI at 6825 Ang. We have observed LAMOST J202629.80+423652.0 photometrically in the BVRI bands and spectroscopically over the 3500-8000 Ang range. We have found it to be a normal G8IV sub-giant star, deprived of any emission line in its spectrum, and reddened by E(B-V)=0.35 mag. Combining our photometry with data from all-sky patrol surveys, we find LAMOST J202629.80+423652.0 to be non variable, so not pulsating as a Mira. We have compiled from existing sources its spectral energy distribution, extending well into the mid-Infrared, and found it completely dominated by the G8IV photospheric stellar emission, without any sign of circumstellar dust. We therefore conclude that LAMOST J202629.80+423652.0 is not a symbiotic star, nor it is pulsating or been enshrouded in dust.
Effects of Natural Shocks on Risk Behavior. Experimental Evidence from Cameroon
Creators: name: Balgah, Roland Azibo
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
name: Balgah, Roland Azibo
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Shocks
subject: risk behavior
subject: experiment
subject: Cameroon

description: Increasing occurrence of devastating natural shocks has stimulated research interest in the economics of natural disasters. Much of this scholarly work concentrates on effects of shocks on poverty, risk and vulnerability, and very little on understanding the effects of natural shocks on risk behavior. Referring to a 25 year-old disaster, we use unique survey data and experiment results from two disaster affected communities in rural Cameroon to test two hypotheses: (1) Natural shocks affect long term risk behavior; and (2) self-relocation into risk-prone areas is an explicit demonstration of risk taking. The results reveal differentiated risk behavior in self-relocated and state-resettled households, with the former taking higher risks compared to resettled households. Experiments strongly support trends observed in the empirical study, but captured cognitive behavior better than the survey. Results support previous evidence on applying experiments in understanding cognitive risk behavior and confirm our hypotheses.
A short proof of Helson's conjecture
Creators: name: Gorodetsky, Ofir
name: Wong, Mo Dick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11K65 (primary), 11N37, 60G15, 60G50

description: Let $α\colon \mathbb{N} \to S^1$ be the Steinhaus multiplicative function: a completely multiplicative function such that $(α(p))_{p\text{ prime}}$ are i.i.d.~random variables uniformly distributed on the complex unit circle $S^1$. Helson conjectured that $\mathbb{E}|\sum_{n\le x}α(n)|=o(\sqrt{x})$ as $x \to \infty$, and this was solved in a strong form by Harper. We give a short proof of the conjecture using a result of Saksman and Webb on a random model for the zeta function.
description: 9 pages. Minor mistakes and typos fixed and discussion of previous works added; journal version
FAT TAX: A POLITICAL MEASURE TO REDUCE OVERWEIGHT? THE CASE OF GERMANY
Creators: name: Thiele, Silke
name: Thiele, Silke
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Fat tax
subject: foods
subject: nutrients
subject: welfare effects
subject: Almost Ideal Demand System

description: Using an Almost Ideal Demand System food price elasticities for German households are calculated. These elasticities serve as a basis to simulate the effect of the substitutions of different food types due to a tax on saturated fat. The change of food structure causes effects on the energy and nutrient supply of individuals as well as, on consumer welfare. These effects are analyzed for different German household groups. It is found that decreases in energy and fat intake are small but potentially effective especially for low-income households. However, due to the collateral decrease of nutrients which Germans have deficient supply of, the total health effects of a fat tax remain unclear. Furthermore the results show that low-income groups would bear higher welfare losses than high-income groups. Due to these results and the fact that a fat tax is not an efficient measure to reduce the negative welfare effects of overweight, other measures to reduce overweight should be taken into account.
The Eddy Experiment: GNSS-R speculometry for directional sea-roughness retrieval from low altitude aircraft
Creators: name: Germain, O.
name: Ruffini, G.
name: Soulat, F.
name: Caparrini, M.
name: Chapron, B.
name: Silvestrin, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the retrieval of directional sea surface roughness, in terms of its full directional mean square slope (including direction and isotropy), from Global Navigation Satellite System Reflections (GNSS-R) Delay-Doppler-Map (DDM) data collected during an experimental flight at 1 km altitude. This study emphasizes the utilization of the entire DDM to more precisely infer ocean roughness directional parameters. In particular, we argue that the DDM exhibits the impact of both roughness and scatterer velocity. Obtained estimates are analyzed and compared to co-located Jason-1 measurements, ECMWF numerical weather model outputs and optical data.
description: All Starlab authors have contributed significantly; the Starlab author list has been ordered randomly. This version submitted to GRL
Head2Head++: Deep Facial Attributes Re-Targeting
Creators: name: Doukas, Michail Christos
name: Koujan, Mohammad Rami
name: Sharmanska, Viktoriia
name: Roussos, Anastasios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Facial video re-targeting is a challenging problem aiming to modify the facial attributes of a target subject in a seamless manner by a driving monocular sequence. We leverage the 3D geometry of faces and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to design a novel deep learning architecture for the task of facial and head reenactment. Our method is different to purely 3D model-based approaches, or recent image-based methods that use Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) to generate individual frames. We manage to capture the complex non-rigid facial motion from the driving monocular performances and synthesise temporally consistent videos, with the aid of a sequential Generator and an ad-hoc Dynamics Discriminator network. We conduct a comprehensive set of quantitative and qualitative tests and demonstrate experimentally that our proposed method can successfully transfer facial expressions, head pose and eye gaze from a source video to a target subject, in a photo-realistic and faithful fashion, better than other state-of-the-art methods. Most importantly, our system performs end-to-end reenactment in nearly real-time speed (18 fps).
description: Published in IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science (Volume: 3, Issue: 1, Jan. 2021)
THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF A FISCAL FOOD POLICY
Creators: name: Salois, Matthew J.
name: Tiffin, J. Richard
name: Salois, Matthew J.
name: Tiffin, J. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Bayesian estimation
subject: censoring
subject: fat tax
subject: infrequency of purchase
subject: nutrient elasticities
subject: obesity
subject: thin subsidy
subject: unit values

description: This paper examines the health effects of a fiscal food policy based on a combination of fat taxes and thin subsidies. The fat tax is based on the saturated fat content of food items while the thin subsidy is applied to select fruit and vegetable items. The policy is designed to be revenue neutral so that the subsidy exactly offsets the revenue from the fat tax. A model of food demand is estimated using Bayesian methods that accounts for censoring and infrequency of purchase (the problem of unit values is also discussed). The estimated of demand elasticities are used to compute nutrient elasticities which demonstrate how consumption of specific nutrients changes based on price changes in particular foods from the fiscal policy. Results show that while the fat tax decreases saturated fat intake, consumption of other important nutrients is also decreased, which may lead to negative health outcomes.
Peter Chadwick's full publication list from Peter Chadwick. 23 March 1931—12 August 2018
Creators: name: R. W. Ogden
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Peter Chadwick studied mathematics as an undergraduate at the University of Manchester, graduating with first-class honours in 1952, from where he moved to Cambridge and completed a PhD on the thermal history of the Earth in the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics under the supervision of Dr Robert Stoneley. His research then developed to focus primarily on the propagation of waves, and he made a major contribution to the mathematical theory of elastic wave propagation and became a world-leading authority in this area. He also made fundamental advances in the modelling of the thermo-elastic properties of rubberlike materials. At the University of East Anglia, where he was a professor for 26 years, he was the driving force behind the development of a research group in theoretical mechanics in the School of Mathematics and Physics, leading by example and supporting and encouraging fellow faculty members, especially the younger staff, academic visitors and students. He gave considerable service to the University of East Anglia in a number of capacities, including a period as Dean of the School, and to the scientific community, through substantial journal editorial activities and as a member of several national and international committees.
ARE THE TOTAL DAILY COST OF FOOD AND DIET QUALITY RELATED: A RANDOM EFFECTS PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Lino, Mark
name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Lino, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: diet cost
subject: cost of food
subject: food culture
subject: diet quality
subject: HEI-2005
subject: random effects model
subject: demand model
subject: NHANES
subject: MPED
subject: CNPP Food Prices Database

description: There is a common perception that healthy food costs more than less healthy food. In this study we use a demand model for diet quality, rather than the quantity of food. Since in our data, total daily cost and diet quality are both calculated from the foods chosen, we account for the fact that cost is endogenous. We find that while total daily food cost is statistically significant in relation to diet quality, the degree of association is very small. Hence, it does not appear that cost alone prevents individuals in the United States from purchasing a healthy diet. Other factors such as food culture and environment, health behaviours, and demographics are more important. Our findings suggest that the choice to consume a healthy diet is very complicated.
Weighted Automata in Text and Speech Processing
Creators: name: Mohri, Mehryar
name: Pereira, Fernando
name: Riley, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1; F.4.3; H.5.2

description: Finite-state automata are a very effective tool in natural language processing. However, in a variety of applications and especially in speech precessing, it is necessary to consider more general machines in which arcs are assigned weights or costs. We briefly describe some of the main theoretical and algorithmic aspects of these machines. In particular, we describe an efficient composition algorithm for weighted transducers, and give examples illustrating the value of determinization and minimization algorithms for weighted automata.
Retrograde orbits excess among observable interstellar objects
Creators: name: Marceta, Dusan
name: Novakovic, Bojan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the orbital distribution of interstellar objects (ISOs), observable by the future wide-field National Science Foundation Vera C. Rubin Observatory (VRO). We generate synthetic population of ISOs and simulate their ephemerides over a period of 10 years, in order to select those which may be observed by the VRO, based on the nominal characteristics of this survey. We find that the population of the observable ISOs should be significantly biased in favor of retrograde objects. The intensity of this bias is correlated with the slope of the size-frequency distribution (SFD) of the population, as well as with the perihelion distances. Steeper SFD slopes lead to an increased fraction of the retrograde orbits, and also of the median orbital inclination. On the other hand, larger perihelion distances result in more symmetric distribution of orbital inclinations. We believe that this is a result of the Holetschek effects, which is already suggested to cause observational bias in orbital distribution of long period comets. The most important implication of our findings is that an excess of retrograde orbits depends on the sizes and the perihelion distances. Therefore, the prograde/retrograde orbits ratio and the median inclination of the discovered population could, in turn, be used to estimate the SFD of the underlying true population of ISOs.
Influence of fretting mechanism on fatigue strength and life of Al 6061-T6 considering rotating bending phenomena
Creators: name: Md. Arefin Kowser
name: Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman
name: Qmzshah@Gmail.Com Zobaer Shah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Being a prime constituent in various sophisticated applications like aerospace design, Aluminum alloys have ranked the apex point of interest for researchers in the field of fatigue. Since wear and other surface decaying process can risk the lifespan of valuable properties, surface modification and other fatigue reducing works are being adopted for Aluminum alloys. In this research work, fretting fatigue effect on heat treated Al-Mg-Si alloy (Al 6061-T6) has been studied. Experimental observation has been authenticated by developing a FEM model using simulation software ANSYS 14.5. It has been observed that fretting reduces the lifetime of Aluminum abruptly than normal fatigue.
Active and passive fields face to face
Creators: name: Celani, Antonio
name: Cencini, Massimo
name: Mazzino, Andrea
name: Vergassola, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical properties of active and passive scalar fields transported by the same turbulent flow are investigated. Four examples of active scalar have been considered: temperature in thermal convection, magnetic potential in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics, vorticity in two-dimensional Ekman turbulence and potential temperature in surface flows. In the cases of temperature and vorticity, it is found that the active scalar behavior is akin to that of its co-evolving passive counterpart. The two other cases indicate that this similarity is in fact not generic and differences between passive and active fields can be striking: in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics the magnetic potential performs an inverse cascade while the passive scalar cascades toward the small-scales; in surface flows, albeit both perform a direct cascade, the potential temperature and the passive scalar have different scaling laws already at the level of low-order statistical objects. These dramatic differences are rooted in the correlations between the active scalar input and the particle trajectories. The role of such correlations in the issue of universality in active scalar transport and the behavior of dissipative anomalies is addressed.
description: 36 pages, 20 eps figures, for the published version see http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1367-2630/6/1/072
On the distribution of the digits of quotients of integers and primes
Creators: name: Gambini, Alessandro
name: Tonon, Remis
name: Zaccagnini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the distribution of the digits of quotients of randomly chosen positive integers taken from the interval $[1,T]$, improving the previously known error term for the counting function as $T\to+\infty$. We also resolve some natural variants of the problem concerning points with prime coordinates and points that are visible from the origin.
FOOD PURCHASING OF DIFFERENT HOUSEHOLD TYPES IN TIMES OF RESTRICTED BUDGET
Creators: name: Yildiz, Juliane
name: Yildiz, Juliane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty
Health Economics and Policy

description: The second German National Nutrition Survey (NVS II) provides current data for the German population. From this study, data of food purchasing in times of restricted budget will be used for a secondary analysis. In a second step qualitative interviews will be conducted in which indepth information will be gained on consumers’ motives, attitudes, fears and response strategies (to a decreased household budget) regarding food purchases.
PRIVATE LABELS: A MECHANISM FOR FULFILLING CONSUMER DEMAND FOR HEALTHY FOOD?
Creators: name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Moon, Yongma
name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Moon, Yongma
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Private labels
subject: store brands
subject: health claims
subject: functional food
subject: real options
subject: product cannibalization
subject: food choice

description: As consumer preferences rapidly evolve with respect to health-related attributes of food, many have questioned the performance of the conventional food industry to fulfill new demand. As the structure of the industry has shifted toward conditions where retailers have access to and incentive to respond to rapidly changing information concerning consumer preferences, it is relevant to consider the conditions under which retailers will offer private labeled healthy food products not available from national brand manufacturers. This paper presents a theory of the dynamic, stochastic decision of retailers to offer private label products that are close substitutes to national brands. Within the context of salient features of healthy foods, we examine the role of uncertainty with respect to consumer demand, the relative unit cost of private label vs. national brand products, and the optimal pricing of the private label products.
Vacua in novel 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity: pathology and instability?
Creators: name: Shu, Fu-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show an inconsistence of the novel 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity by considering a quantum tunneling process of vacua. Using standard semi-classical techniques, we analytically study the vacuum decay rate for all allowed cases in the parameter space. It turns out, without exception, that the theory either encounters a disastrous divergence of vacuum decay rate, or exhibits a confusing complex value of vacuum decay rate, or involves an infinitely instability (a large vacuum mixing). These suggest a strong possibility that the theory, at least the vacuum of the theory, is either unphysical or unstable, or has no well-defined limit as $D\rightarrow 4$.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
THE IMPACT OF HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ATTRIBUTES OF SALMON CHOICE IN THE UNITED STATES
Creators: name: Brett, Daniel F.
name: Melo, Oscar
name: Brett, Daniel F.
name: Melo, Oscar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty
Health Economics and Policy

description: In recent years, U.S. consumers have increasingly sought information about the health implications of their food purchases, as well as the environmental and social impact of the food production process. While this growing consumer demand has helped facilitate the development of several seafood certification programs, no accessible public or private data shows that U.S. shoppers are willing to pay a premium for certified seafood. To estimate whether a price premium exists for current and forthcoming certifications for wild and farmed salmon producers, and to better understand U.S. consumers’ preferences for salmon, we surveyed a representative sample of 955 shoppers from the United States. We then conducted a conjoint analysis on their willingness to pay for different methods of production (wild or farmed), countries or regions of origin, the Marine Stewardship Council’s wild seafood ‘ecolabel’, and hypothetical certifications assuring that the salmon product is associated with fewer health risks, environmental impacts, or negative social issues. Of the factors which affect consumers’ salmon purchasing decisions, the combination of fresh salmon’s method of production and its region of origin is generally a stronger determinant of U.S. salmon shopper’s purchasing decisions than the salmon’s certifications. Consumers strongly favor wild salmon to farmed salmon, prefer salmon from the United States to salmon from other countries, are willing to pay the largest premiums for environmental certifications, and state they are willing to pay the lowest premium for the health and safety certification. Results show that 1) fresh salmon producers and retailers have financial incentives to display social and environmental labels at seafood counters in markets, 2) a price premium for a health and safety certification of farmed salmon would be limited, since salmon consumers are more responsive to negative than positive information related to health issues associated with the salmon that they purchase, and 3) certifying agencies, and all retailers have financial incentives to inform consumers about the benefits and risks of salmon production and consumption, because informed consumers are willing to pay more for certified fresh salmon as well as most types of uncertified fresh salmon.
Boson stars in SU(2) Yang-Mills-scalar field theories
Creators: name: Brihaye, Yves
name: Hartmann, Betti
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new spherically symmetric solutions of an SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills model coupled to a doublet of scalar fields. Sequences of asymptotically flat, Yang-Mills-boson star-type configurations are constructed numerically by considering an appropriate time-dependent ansatz for the complex scalar field and a static, purely magnetic SU(2)-Yang-Mills potential. Both nodeless as well as solutions with nodes of the scalar field and gauge potential are considered. We find that these solutions share many features with the "pure'' boson stars.
description: 9 Latex pages including 3 figures; references added; accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Towards the equivariant cohomology ring of moduli spaces of stable maps into Grassmannians
Creators: name: Tschirschwitz, Boris
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We compute the equivariant hypercohomology of the Koszul complex associated to an equivariant vector field. This hypercohomology is conjectured to be the equivariant cohomology ring of the moduli space M[sub 0,0] (Gr[sub k]C[sup n], 3) of stable maps of degree 3 from genus zero prestable curves into Grassmannians. Our methods are based on the localization methods of E. Alkildis, M . Brion, J.B. Carrell and D.I. Lieberman. This thesis is an extension of the work by K. Behrend and A. O'Halloran on stable maps into projective spaces.
FIRMS’ RESPONSES TO NUTRITIONAL POLICIES
Creators: name: Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine
name: Hammoudi, Hakim
name: Rouached, Lamia
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
name: Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine
name: Hammoudi, Hakim
name: Rouached, Lamia
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Nutrition policy
subject: product differentiation
subject: firms’ strategies
subject: taxation
subject: quality standards
subject: public health

description: The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of nutritional policies on the behavior of firms, particularly in terms of food quality and prices, and to assess the potential impacts of such policies from a public health point of view. We determine how new products that are nutritionally improved can emerge in a market where incumbent firms offer competing unhealthy products. We also highlight a non-intentional effect of such policies: if consumer heterogeneity is high, then an information policy may simultaneously provide health benefits to the population as a whole but worsen the health of consumers that are less aware of nutritional effects. For a given level of nutritional tax, we determine the optimal threshold that firms must meet to avoid taxation. It appears that this threshold must not be too high if the goal of nutritional policies is to increase total health benefits without increasing health disparities between consumers. An increase in the tax level has two opposing effects. On one hand, it improves health benefits for consumers that are less aware of nutrition issues. On the other hand, because it leads to an increase in prices as a result of a reduction in the competition intensity, it decreases the cost-effectiveness of the policy.
TOP detector for particle identification at Belle II
Creators: name: Torassa, Ezio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Time-Of-Propagation (TOP) counter is a ring-imaging Cherenkov detector designed to identify the charged hadrons in the barrel region of the Belle II detector. The Belle II experiment collected data delivered by the SuperKEKB accelerator from March 2019 to June 2022. After the first run period (Run1) a long shutdown (LS1) was dedicated to implement several accelerator and detector upgrades. The second collision period (Run2), started in January 2024. The components of the TOP detector and the performance during the Run1 will be reported, the detector upgrade during LS1 and future upgrades will be described.
description: proceedings of FTCF2024 conference
The separate universe and the back reaction of long wavelength fluctuations
Creators: name: Nambu, Yasusada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the backreaction of cosmological long wavelength perturbations on the evolution of the Universe. By applying the renormalization group method to a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with long wavelength fluctuations, we demonstrate that the renormalized solution with the backreaction effect is equivalent to that of the separate universe. Then, using the effective Friedmann equation, we show that only non-adiabatic mode of long wavelength fluctuations affects the expansion law of the spatially averaged universe.
description: 10 pages. to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Spin Hall effect in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Liu, Shuai Y. F.
name: Yin, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin Hall effect (SHE) is the generation of spin current due to an electric field, and has been observed in a variety of materials. The analogous spin Hall current can be induced by chemical potential and temperature gradient, both of which are present in hot and dense nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions. In this letter, we investigate the perspective of detecting spin Hall current experimentally. We propose to measure "directed spin flow", the first Fourier coefficients of local spin polarization of $Λ$ ($\barΛ$) hyperon, at central collisions to probe spin Hall current. To quantify induced spin current, we evaluate relevant transport coefficients using thermal field theory. We benchmark the magnitude of the induced "directed spin flow" at two representatively collisions energies, namely $\sqrt{s}_{NN}=200~{\rm GeV}$ and $\sqrt{s}_{NN}=19.6~{\rm GeV}$, by employing a phenomenologically motivated freeze-out prescription. At both beam energies, the resulting "directed spin flow" ranges from $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-3}$, and is very sensitive to the rapidity.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; published version
STOP OR GO? HOW IS THE UK FOOD INDUSTRY RESPONDING TO FRONT-OF-PACK NUTRITION LABELS?
Creators: name: Van Camp, Debra
name: Souza Monteiro, Diogo M.
name: Hooker, Neal H.
name: Van Camp, Debra
name: Souza Monteiro, Diogo M.
name: Hooker, Neal H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: front-of-pack
subject: nutrition labelling
subject: traffic light
subject: guideline daily allowance

description: Food nutrition labels have been used for over a decade to aid consumers in making more informed diet choices and to potentially reduce societal costs from diet-related diseases and health conditions. While there is some evidence of the effectiveness of nutrition labels in changing consumption patterns, the scale of such improvements have been marginal. This has led certain government agencies to consider alternative forms of nutrition information. One such approach is front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels which provide simple, easily accessible information on a limited number of key nutrients. The use of FOP labels may facilitate healthier diets by influencing consumer behaviour and by providing an incentive for industry to formulate healthier products. This paper examines the adoption of FOP schemes by UK retailers and manufacturers. Label information for more than 5,500 food products released for sale from 2003 through 2009 were collected from a real-time food innovation resource (Mintel-Global New Product Database) and analyzed based on level of FOP adoption and nutrition profile. Food categories in the analysis included: bread, cakes, cereal, meat products, pastries, pizzas, prepared meals, sandwiches, and sweet biscuits. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were used to calculate the likelihood of use of various “levels” of FOP labelling as a function of category, retailer/manufacturer brand, and nutritional attributes. Food products introduced by retailers, in more recent years and in categories that were targeted by FSA were more likely to carry an FOP label. In meat, pastry dish and prepared meal categories, increased sodium content decreased odds of use of traffic light label use, relative to guideline daily allowance (GDA) or no FOP label. However, no other nutrition variables were significant in either the pooled or category specific models. Discussion includes possible policy options to optimise manufacturer response, as well as implications for evolving mandatory FOP labelling proposals at the EU level.
Stochastic partial differential equations driven by Levy space-time white noise
Creators: name: Lokka, Arne
name: Oksendal, Bernt
name: Proske, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G51, 60H40, 60H15. (Primary)

description: In this paper we develop a white noise framework for the study of stochastic partial differential equations driven by a d-parameter (pure jump) Levy white noise. As an example we use this theory to solve the stochastic Poisson equation with respect to Levy white noise for any dimension d. The solution is a stochastic distribution process given explicitly. We also show that if d\leq 3, then this solution can be represented as a classical random field in L2(μ), where μis the probability law of the Levy process. The starting point of our theory is a chaos expansion in terms of generalized Charlier polynomials. Based on this expansion we define Kondratiev spaces and the Levy Hermite transform.
Towards an experimental von Karman dynamo: numerical studies for an optimized design
Creators: name: Ravelet, Florent
name: Chiffaudel, Arnaud
name: Daviaud, François
name: Léorat, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical studies of a kinematic dynamo based on von Karman type flows between two counterrotating disks in a finite cylinder are reported. The flow has been optimized using a water model experiment, varying the driving impellers configuration. A solution leading to dynamo action for the mean flow has been found. This solution may be achieved in VKS2, the new sodium experiment to be performed in Cadarache, France. The optimization process is described and discussed, then the effects of adding a stationary conducting layer around the flow on the threshold, on the shape of the neutral mode and on the magnetic energy balance are studied. Finally, the possible processes involved into kinematic dynamo action in a von Karman flow are reviewed and discussed. Among the possible processes we highlight the joint effect of the boundary-layer radial velocity shear and of the Ohmic dissipation localized at the flow/outer-shell boundary.
Stabilizing Extreme Q-learning by Maclaurin Expansion
Creators: name: Omura, Motoki
name: Osa, Takayuki
name: Mukuta, Yusuke
name: Harada, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In offline reinforcement learning, in-sample learning methods have been widely used to prevent performance degradation caused by evaluating out-of-distribution actions from the dataset. Extreme Q-learning (XQL) employs a loss function based on the assumption that Bellman error follows a Gumbel distribution, enabling it to model the soft optimal value function in an in-sample manner. It has demonstrated strong performance in both offline and online reinforcement learning settings. However, issues remain, such as the instability caused by the exponential term in the loss function and the risk of the error distribution deviating from the Gumbel distribution. Therefore, we propose Maclaurin Expanded Extreme Q-learning to enhance stability. In this method, applying Maclaurin expansion to the loss function in XQL enhances stability against large errors. This approach involves adjusting the modeled value function between the value function under the behavior policy and the soft optimal value function, thus achieving a trade-off between stability and optimality depending on the order of expansion. It also enables adjustment of the error distribution assumption from a normal distribution to a Gumbel distribution. Our method significantly stabilizes learning in online RL tasks from DM Control, where XQL was previously unstable. Additionally, it improves performance in several offline RL tasks from D4RL.
description: Accepted at RLC 2024: The first Reinforcement Learning Conference
The Selberg Sieve and prime pairs
Creators: name: Duarte, Martin Christopher
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper gives an exposition of the Selberg Sieve and its application to the sifting of prime pairs. In particular, Selberg's methods are applied to the sifting approach of Eratosthenes and to an alternate sifting approach presented by the author. The results obtained are then used to show that the sum of the reciprocals of the twin primes (and similarly for general prime pairs) is convergent or finite. This paper is intended to be mostly self-contained and will hopefully be readable to someone with little background in the area of Sieve Theory.
Supplementary data B for FajarFPambudi manuscript
Creators: name: Fajar Fathiawan Pambudi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90406 Powder and Particle Technology
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: This dataset contains Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and true density measurement of Indonesian middle-rank coal samples. For PSD measurement, the samples were separated into 3 categories, which named PSD Small, Large, and Bimodal combination of Small & Large particles. Particle size measurement was conducted using LS13320 laser difraction particle size analyzer. The size distribution was constructed with respect to equivalent volume of particles to the spheres. Obtained size distribution was characterized for its mean, median, and mean/median ratio.
True density measurement was conducted using Pycnometer 50 mL Silberbrand. The measurement liquid consist of Teepol and Water with ratio 1:100.
Measurement of PSD and true density was performed by Mineral and Coal Technology Research and Development Center in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Inside the xlsx file, spreadsheet containing PSD Small, PSD Large, Bimodal 70%L, and true density calculation could be found.