cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 1795 : Antiphonary, autumn part
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: Autumn part of an antiphonary that was originally set up in two volumes and later, when it was bound, was divided into four volumes. The antiphonary, whose other parts are preserved in Cod. Sang. 1762, 1763 and 1764, was written and probably also decorated by Fr. Dominikus Feustlin (1713–1782). His style is characterized by vividly colored frames made up of thousands of small rods surrounding initials and title cartouches. More decorated title cartouches on p. 1, 36, 73, 118, 151, 203 and 266. The end page on p. 360 has a chronogram (1762). The autumn part includes the Proprium de tempore for Saturdays from the end of August and for the 11th to the 24th Sunday after Pentecost, (pp. 1–30), antiphons for the 3rd to the 6th Sunday after Epiphany (pp. 31–36), the Proprium de sanctis for September to November (pp. 36–265), the Commune sanctorum (pp. 266–305), Offices for the consecration of the church (pp. 306–311), in honor of St. Benedict (on Tuesdays, pp. 312–319) and the Virgin Mary (on Saturdays, pp. 319–326), Suffragia sanctorum (pp. 326–331) and antiphons for weekdays (pp. 332–359). The end page is followed by the Feast of the Archangel Raphael (pp. 361–365). The melodies are written in German plainsong notation (“Hufnagelnotation”) on five lines.
description: Online Since: 2019-12-12
SmoQyDEAC.jl: A differential evolution package for the analytic continuation of imaginary time correlation functions
Creators: name: Neuhaus, James
name: Nichols, Nathan S.
name: Banerjee, Debshikha
name: Cohen-Stead, Benjamin
name: Maier, Thomas A.
name: Del Maestro, Adrian
name: Johnston, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the SmoQyDEAC.jl package, a Julia implementation of the Differential Evolution Analytic Continuation (DEAC) algorithm [N. S. Nichols et al., Phys. Rev. E 106, 025312 (2022)] for analytically continuing noisy imaginary time correlation functions to the real frequency axis. Our implementation supports fermionic and bosonic correlation functions on either the imaginary time or Matsubara frequency axes, and treatment of the covariance error in the input data. This paper presents an overview of the DEAC algorithm and the features implemented in the SmoQyDEAC.jl. It also provides detailed benchmarks of the package's output against the popular maximum entropy and stochastic analytic continuation methods. The code for this package can be downloaded from our GitHub repository at https://github.com/SmoQySuite/SmoQyDEAC.jl or installed using the Julia package manager. The online documentation, including examples, can be accessed at https://smoqysuite.github.io/SmoQyDEAC.jl/stable/.
Aarau, Aargauer Kantonsbibliothek, MsMurF 2 : Antiphonarium CanA, Pars aestivalis
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This large-format antiphonary, with rich fleuronné decoration from the second quarter of the 14th century, contains the chants of the Office from Pentecost to the beginning of Advent. It was written for the St. Leonhard Monastery of Augustinian canons in Basel and only came to Muri Abbey in modern times.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Aarau, Aargauer Kantonsbibliothek, MsMurFm 6 : Antiphonarium OCist, Pars hiemalis
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: First volume (winter part) of the two-volume antiphonary with the chants of the Liturgy of the Hours; it was used alternately with MsMurFm9. This large-format manuscript from the 15th century is largely unadorned. On the basis of the responsories of the Advent season, it can be assigned to the Cistercian Order.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Frauenfeld, Kantonsbibliothek Thurgau, ALT MSC 3 : Processional from St. Katharinental (TG)
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This processional (from the Latin processio, 'to advance' and referring to processions inside and outside the church), containing the order of the procession as well as the chants and texts to be recited during processions, consists of two codicological parts. The first part is from the last quarter of the 15th century and contains chants and prayers for the entire liturgical year; it is decorated with seven multicolor illuminated initials depicting scenes from the Gospels. The sections to be sung have square notation in black. While the first part presumably was not created in and for the convent of St. Katharinental (TG), the second part names the stations and the relics that are carried; thus it is meant for the processions of the Dominican convent.
description: Online Since: 2020-03-19
Odopoea suffusa
Creators: name: Goemans, Geert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Odopoea
Odopoea suffusa

description: suffusa (Walker, 1850: 37),
Zammara
(Santo Domingo, [Dominican Republic])
description: Published as part of Goemans, Geert, 2010, A historical overview of the classification of the Neotropical tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) with a key to genera, pp. 1-13 in ZooKeys 43 (43) on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.43.386, http://zenodo.org/record/576655
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, A IV 37 : Moses Maimonides, Sefer Moreh Nevukhim
Creators: name: Buxtorf, Johann
name: Maimonides, Moses
name: Ibn Tibon, Mosheh ben Shemuʾel
name: Ibn Tibon, Mosheh ben Shemuʾel
name: Ibn Tibon, Mosheh ben Shemuʾel
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This 14th and 15th century Ashkenazi copy of the Sefer Moreh Nevukhim (Guide to the Perplexed) by Moses Maimonides is the Hebrew translation of the work made in 1204 by Samuel ben Judah Ibn Tibbon (1150-1230). This copy also includes a preface from the commentary to the Moreh Nevukhim by Shem Tov ben Joseph ben Shem Tov, a 15th century Spanish rabbi and vigorous defender of Aristotelian and Maimonidean philosophy. In the 16th century, this manuscript was owned by Johann Buxtorf II, and used as the base for the latter’s Latin edition of the Doctor Perplexorum (Basel, 1629).
description: Online Since: 2020-03-19
Cosmological cutting rules for Bogoliubov initial states
Creators: name: Ghosh, Diptimoy
name: Pajer, Enrico
name: Ullah, Farman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field theoretic wavefunction in cosmological spacetimes has received much attention as a fundamental object underlying the generation of primordial perturbations in our universe. Assuming an initial Bunch-Davies state, unitary time evolution implies an infinite set of cutting rules for the wavefunction to all orders in perturbation theory, collectively known as the cosmological optical theorem. In this work, we generalise these results to the case of Bogoliubov initial states, accounting for both parity-even and parity-odd interactions. We confirm our findings in a few explicit examples, assuming IR-finite interactions. In these examples, we preserve scale invariance by adiabatically turning on interactions in the infinite past rather than imposing a Bogoliubov state at some finite initial time. Finally, we give a prescription for computing Bogoliubov wavefunction coefficients from the corresponding Bunch-Davies coefficients for both n-point contact and four-point exchange diagrams.
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, AN IX 4 : The Basel Nizzaḥon
Creators: name: Hortin, Samuel
name: Bauer, Albert
name: Buxtorf, Johann
name: Buxtorf, Johann
name: Buxtorf, Johann
name: Buxtorf, Johann Jakob
name: Tremellius, Immanuel
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: The Sefer Nizzaḥon Yashan is the name of an anonymous anthology of arguments against the Christological interpretation of biblical verses, supplemented by critique of the Gospels and Christian doctrines and morals. Composed in Franco-Germany circa 1300, most confutations are based on polemical themes and criticisms of Christian faith which were disseminated in Jewish circles in medieval Ashkenaz and northern France. There are few extant editions and manuscripts of this work, one of which is the Basel Nizzaḥon. This manuscript which bears some similarities with the other copies, should nevertheless be considered as an indirect, yet important witness to Jewish apologetic from medieval Franco-Germany.
description: Online Since: 2020-03-19
Damasippoides sykorai Redtenbacher 1906
Creators: name: Brock, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phasmida
Damasippoididae
Damasippoides
Damasippoides sykorai

description: sykorai Redtenbacher, 1906: 158 (Damasippoides)
ɗ HT MADAGASCAR mer., Fort Dauphin, 1899 (Sikora).
= Damasippoides sykorai Redtenbacher, 1906 (Damasippoididae: Damasippoidinae: Damasippoidini)
description: Published as part of Brock, Paul D., 2007, The Types of Phasmida in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZMAS), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1398 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175361
Odopoea vacillans
Creators: name: Goemans, Geert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Odopoea
Odopoea vacillans

description: vacillans (Walker, 1858: 3),
Zammara
(Santo Domingo, [Dominican Republic])
description: Published as part of Goemans, Geert, 2010, A historical overview of the classification of the Neotropical tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) with a key to genera, pp. 1-13 in ZooKeys 43 (43) on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.43.386, http://zenodo.org/record/576655
Exploring Confinement in Anti-de Sitter Space
Creators: name: Ciccone, Riccardo
name: De Cesare, Fabiana
name: Di Pietro, Lorenzo
name: Serone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Yang-Mills theory on four dimensional Anti-de Sitter space. The Dirichlet boundary condition cannot exist at arbitrarily large radius because it would give rise to colored asymptotic states in flat space. As observed in [1] this implies a deconfinement-confinement transition as the radius is increased. We gather hints on the nature of this transition using perturbation theory. We compute the anomalous dimensions of the lightest scalar operators in the boundary theory, finding that the singlet gets a larger negative anomalous dimension compared to the adjoint. We also compute the correction to the coefficient $C_J$ and we estimate that the singlet operator reaches marginality before the value of the coupling at which $C_J=0$. These results favor the scenario of merger and annihilation as the most promising candidate for the transition. For the Neumann boundary condition, the lightest scalar operator is found to have a positive anomalous dimension, in agreement with the idea that this boundary condition extrapolates smoothly to flat space. The perturbative calculations are made possible by a drastic simplification of the gauge field propagator in Fried-Yennie gauge. We also derive a general result for the leading-order anomalous dimension of the displacement operator for a generic perturbation in Anti-de Sitter, showing that it is related to the beta function of bulk couplings.
description: 51 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 7 boxed equations. v2: the expressions for the vector propagator in Fried-Yennie gauge and the ghost propagator with Neumann boundary conditions were added; typos fixed, references added, corrected error in the determination of the anomalous dimensions. v3: quantitative results changed, qualitative picture remains unchanged
Zürich, Zentralbibliothek, Ms. Car. C 126 : Moses Maimonides, Sefer Moreh Nevukhim
Creators: name: Alḥarizi, Yehudah ben Shelomoh
name: Maimonides, Moses
name: Ibn Tibon, Mosheh ben Shemuʾel
name: Ulrich, Johann Caspar
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This elegant illuminated copy of the Sefer Moreh Nevukhim (Guide to the Perplexed) by Moses Maimonides was produced in Christian Spain in 1292. It is a copy of the Hebrew translation of the work made in 1204 by Samuel ben Judah Ibn Tibbon (1150-1230). The manuscript arrived in Italy either after the Jewish persecutions of 1391 or the ensuing expulsion of the Jews from the Iberian peninsula in 1492. It was in the possession of the renowned Bolognese Sforno family before reappearing in the early 17th century in the hands of the Italian Jewish apostate and inquisitor Renato da Modena. After more than a century, the manuscript reappeared in the possession of Johann Caspar Ulrich (1705-1768) a Protestant theologian, who donated it in 1762 to the Bibliotheca Ecclesia Carolina, the chapter library of the reformed Grossmünster church of Zurich. In 1835, when the chapter was dissolved, the books and manuscripts of the chapter library became part of the new Cantonal Library in Zurich. Finally in 1917, the holdings of this library, among others, formed the new Zentralbibliothek, where the manuscript still remains today.
description: Online Since: 2020-03-19
Constraining Parameters for the Accelerating Universe in $f(R,\mathcal{L}_{m})$ Gravity
Creators: name: Devi, Y. Kalpana
name: Narawade, S. A.
name: Mishra, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper, we present an accelerating cosmological model in $f(R,\mathcal{L}_{m})$ gravity with the parameter constrained through the cosmological data sets. At the beginning, we have employed a functional form of $f(R,\mathcal{L}_{m}) =\frac{R}{2}+αR^2+\mathcal{L}_{m}^β$, where $α$ and $β$ are model parameters. This model is well motivated from the Starobinsky model in $f(R)$ gravity and the power law form of $f(\mathcal{L}_{m})$. The Hubble parameter has been derived with some algebraic manipulation and constrained by Hubble data and Pantheon$^{+}$ data. With the constraint parameters, present value of deceleration parameter has been obtained to as $q_{0}\approx-0.63$ with the transition at $z_{t}\approx0.7$. It shows the early deceleration and late time acceleration behaviour. The present value of other geometric parameters such as the jerk and snap parameter are obtained to be $j_{0}\approx0.78$ and $s_{0}\approx 0.1$ respectively. The state finder diagnostic test gives the quintessence behaviour at present and converging to $Λ$CDM at late times. Moreover the $Om(z)$ diagnostics gives negative slope which shows that the model favours the state finder diagnostic result. Also the current age of Universe has been obtained as, $t_{0} = 13.64~~Gyrs$. The equation of state parameter also shows the quintessence behaviour. Based on the present analysis, it indicates that the $f(R,\mathcal{L}_{m})$ gravitational theory may be another alternative to study the dark energy models.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Odopoea venturii Distant 1906
Creators: name: Goemans, Geert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Odopoea
Odopoea venturii

description: venturii Distant, 1906c: 150
(Argentina)
lebruni (Delétang, 1919: 16) Edholmbergia
(Catamarca)
signata (Haupt, 1918: 84) Adusella
(Catamarca, Argentina)
description: Published as part of Goemans, Geert, 2010, A historical overview of the classification of the Neotropical tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) with a key to genera, pp. 1-13 in ZooKeys 43 (43) on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.43.386, http://zenodo.org/record/576655
Zürich, Zentralbibliothek, Ms. Heid. 51 : Halakhic and calendrical Miscellany
Creators: name: Menahem ben Jacob of Worms
name: Mosheh ben Yaʿaḳov, mi-Ḳutsi
name: Alḥarizi, Yehudah ben Shelomoh
name: Simcha ben Samuel, aus Vitry
name: Avrāhām ben Dāwīd aus Posquières
name: Heidenheim, Moritz
name: Seʿadyah, Gaʾon
name: Ibn-Gabirol, Shelomoh Ben-Yehudah
name: Yehudah ben Shemuʾel, he-Ḥasid
name: Meʾir ben Barukh, Rothenburg
name: Yitsḥaḳ ben Mosheh
name: Perets ben Elijah, von Corbeil
name: Barukh ben Yitsḥaḳ
name: Yitsḥaḳ Ben-Yosef, Corbeil
name: Bĕk̲ôr Šôr, Yôsēf
name: El'āzar Ben-Yehûdā
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This 14th and 15th century Askhenazi miscellany is a vademecum for personal use, destined to a scholar and composed mainly of halakhic material on ritual slaughtering, reflecting the decisions of the most important rabbinical authorities from 13th to 15th century Ashkenaz. There are also numerous treatises and tables on the Jewish and Christian calendars scattered throughout the manuscript. In addition, there is a selection of liturgical and mystical commentaries, as well as excerpts of ethical, Midrashic and Talmudic literature. The margins of the manuscript are filled with small notes and texts on medical recipes and magical incantations for various occasions in Hebrew and in Old West Yiddish.
description: Online Since: 2019-12-12
An Efficient Algorithm for Modulus Operation and Its Hardware Implementation in Prime Number Calculation
Creators: name: Wijesinghe, W. A. Susantha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a novel algorithm for the modulus operation for FPGA implementation. The proposed algorithm use only addition, subtraction, logical, and bit shift operations, avoiding the complexities and hardware costs associated with multiplication and division. It demonstrates consistent performance across operand sizes ranging from 32-bit to 2048-bit, addressing scalability challenges in cryptographic applications. Implemented in Verilog HDL and tested on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 family FPGA, the algorithm shows a predictable linear scaling of cycle count with bit length difference (BLD), described by the equation $y=2x+2$, where $y$ represents the cycle count and $x$ represents the BLD. The application of this algorithm in prime number calculation up to 500,000 shows its practical utility and performance advantages. Comprehensive evaluations reveal efficient resource utilization, robust timing performance, and effective power management, making it suitable for high-performance and resource-constrained platforms. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the efficiency of modular arithmetic operations, with potential implications for cryptographic protocols and secure computing.
Clonaria trispinosa Brunner 1907
Creators: name: Brock, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phasmida
Diapheromeridae
Clonaria
Clonaria trispinosa

description: trispinosa Brunner, 1907: 223 (Gratidia)
2 ST: 2 ɗ MADAGASCAR mer., Ranomafana, 1899 (Sikora) [One ɗ is 52mm, the second has the abdomen broken off and missing, probably c. 59mm, the length given by Brunner].
= Clonaria trispinosa (Brunner, 1907) (Diapheromeridae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini) [Cliquennois (pers. com.) is working on this species and believes that it belongs to the tribe Leprodini in Antongiliinae] * unispinosa Redtenbacher, 1908: 532 (Diacanthoidea)
1 probable ST: 1 ɗ [MALAYSIA] ‘B[ritish] N[orth] Borneo’, Labuan, ex. Swinhoe & Heyne colls. There are 6 additional syntypes (1 ɗ & 5 Ψ) in NHMW.
= Diacanthoidea unispinosa Redtenbacher, 1908 (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae)
description: Published as part of Brock, Paul D., 2007, The Types of Phasmida in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZMAS), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1398 on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175361
Zürich, Zentralbibliothek, Ms. Heid. 145 : Liturgical-Halakhic compendium
Creators: name: Rabeinu Benjamin
name: Meir Shaliakh Tsibbur‎
name: Menahem ben Jacob of Worms
name: Avraham bar-Ḥiyya ha-Naśi
name: Yitsḥaḳ ben Meʾir, mi-Dura
name: Ṭôv-ʿElem, Yôsēf Ben-Šemûʾēl
name: Yehudah ben Ḳalonimos, mi-Shpirah
name: Shelomoh ben Yehudah, ha-Bavli
name: Shimʿon bar Yitsḥaḳ
name: Heidenheim, Moritz
name: Ibn-ʿEzra, Avraham Ben-Meʾir
name: Molin, Yaacov
name: Naḥshon Ben-Tsadoḳ
name: Barukh ben Yitsḥaḳ
name: Yitsḥaḳ Ben-Yosef, Corbeil
name: Bĕk̲ôr Šôr, Yôsēf
name: El'āzar Ben-Yehûdā
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This composite manuscript by three different scribes encloses two textual units which were bound together. The volume is structured by a liturgical section, according to the Ashkenazi rite and a halakhic section. The manuscript Heidenheim 145 is one of many compendia of its genre, consisting of an assortment of texts which reflect the religious and talmudo-centric orientation of the intellectual elite of medieval Franco-Germany.
description: Online Since: 2019-12-12
Genève, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. heb. 1 : Massoretic Bible (Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographs)
Creators: name: Léger, Antoine
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This immaculately preserved Italian 13th century massoretic Bible was employed as a study manual for learning the cantillation notes for the Torah readings. The significance of this massoretic bible lies however within its provenance, where it must have been acquired sometime in the mid-15th century by Solomon Finzi, a famous Jewish banker from Mantua, who owned a large library of Hebrew manuscripts. Lastly, a letter inserted at the beginning of the manuscript testifies to the use of this bible as one of the 615 biblical manuscripts collated for Benjamin Kennicott’s Vetus Testamentum hebraicum variis lectionibus (1776-1780).
description: Online Since: 2019-12-12
Aarau, Aargauer Kantonsbibliothek, MsMurF 7 : Eusebius Caesariensis, Rufinus Aquileiensis
Creators: name: Eusebius, Caesariensis
name: Rufinus, Aquileiensis
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: The history of the early Christian church by the Greek church father Eusebius of Caesarea was translated into Latin by Rufinus of Aquileia and continued until the end of the 4th century. In this manuscript from the second half of the 13th century, each of the eleven books of church history begins with distinctive multicolored initials.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Aarau, Aargauer Kantonsbibliothek, MsMurFm 9 : Antiphonarium OCist, Pars aestvalis
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: Second volume (summer part) of the two-volume antiphonary that was used alternately with MsMurFm6. This large-format manuscript from the 15th century is largely unadorned. On the basis of the feasts of saints (Bernard of Clairvaux, Edmund of Abingdon, Robert of Molesme), it can be assigned to the Cistercian Order.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Crossing exceptional points in non-Hermitian quantum systems
Creators: name: Klauck, Friederike U. J.
name: Heinrich, Matthias
name: Szameit, Alexander
name: Wolterink, Tom A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exceptional points facilitate peculiar dynamics in non-Hermitian systems. Yet, in photonics, they have mainly been studied in the classical realm. In this work, we reveal the behavior of two-photon quantum states in non-Hermitian systems across the exceptional point. We probe the lossy directional coupler with an indistinguishable two-photon input state and observe distinct changes of the quantum correlations at the output as the system undergoes spontaneous breaking of parity-time symmetry. Moreover, we demonstrate a switching in the quantum interference of photons directly at the exceptional point, where Hong-Ou-Mandel dips are transformed into peaks by a change of basis. These results show that quantum interference and exceptional points are linked in curious ways that can now be further explored.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Charge Density Waves in the 2.5-Dimensional Quantum Heterostructure
Creators: name: Yang, F. Z.
name: Zhang, T. T.
name: Meng, F. Y.
name: Lei, H. C.
name: Nelson, C.
name: Cai, Y. Q.
name: Vescovo, E.
name: Said, A. H.
name: Lozano, P Mercado
name: Fabbris, G.
name: Miao, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge density wave (CDW) and their interplay with correlated and topological quantum states are forefront of condensed matter research. The 4$H_{b}$-TaS$_2$ is a CDW ordered quantum heterostructure that is formed by alternative stacking of Mott insulating 1T-TaS$_2$ and Ising superconducting 1H-TaS$_2$. While the $\sqrt{13}\times\sqrt{13}$ and 3$\times$3 CDWs have been respectively observed in the bulk 1T-TaS$_2$ and 2H-TaS$_2$, the CDWs and their pivotal role for unconventional superconductivity in the 4$H_{b}$-TaS$_2$ remain unsolved. In this letter, we reveal the 2-dimensional (2D) $\sqrt{13}\times\sqrt{13}$ chiral CDW in the 1T-layers and intra-unit cell coupled 2D 2$\times$2 CDW in the 1H and 1H' layers of 4$H_{b}$-TaS$_2$. Our results establish 4$H_{b}$-TaS$_2$ a novel 2.5D quantum heterostructure, where 2D quantum states emerge from 3D crystalline structure.
Utilizing probabilistic entanglement between sensors in quantum networks
Creators: name: Van Milligen, Emily A.
name: Gagatsos, Christos N.
name: Kaur, Eneet
name: Towsley, Don
name: Guha, Saikat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most promising applications of quantum networks is entanglement assisted sensing. The field of quantum metrology exploits quantum correlations to improve the precision bound for applications such as precision timekeeping, field sensing, and biological imaging. When measuring multiple spatially distributed parameters, current literature focuses on quantum entanglement in the discrete variable case, and quantum squeezing in the continuous variable case, distributed amongst all of the sensors in a given network. However, it can be difficult to ensure all sensors pre-share entanglement of sufficiently high fidelity. This work probes the space between fully entangled and fully classical sensing networks by modeling a star network with probabilistic entanglement generation that is attempting to estimate the average of local parameters. The quantum Fisher information is used to determine which protocols best utilize entanglement as a resource for different network conditions. It is shown that without entanglement distillation there is a threshold fidelity below which classical sensing is preferable. For a network with a given number of sensors and links characterized by a certain initial fidelity and probability of success, this work outlines when and how to use entanglement, when to store it, and when it needs to be distilled.
description: 22 pages, 9 Figures
Miranha Distant 1905
Creators: name: Goemans, Geert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Miranha

description: Miranha Distant, 1905: 381;
Type species: Zammara imbellis Walker, 1858: 2
description: Published as part of Goemans, Geert, 2010, A historical overview of the classification of the Neotropical tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) with a key to genera, pp. 1-13 in ZooKeys 43 (43) on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.43.386, http://zenodo.org/record/576655
Clonaria uvaroviana Mishchenko 1937
Creators: name: Brock, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phasmida
Diapheromeridae
Clonaria
Clonaria uvaroviana

description: uvaroviana Mishchenko, 1937: 119 (Gratidia)
HT & 1 PT. Ψ HT TURKMENISTAN, V. Keltetshinar, 16.viii.1928 (Maximov). PT: 1 Ψ IRAN, Khorasan, Hassan­Khurda, 24.iv.1858 (Kaizerling & Binert).
= Clonaria uvaroviana (Mishchenko, 1937) (Diapheromeridae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini)
description: Published as part of Brock, Paul D., 2007, The Types of Phasmida in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZMAS), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1398 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175361
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, A IV 14 : Composite manuscript (Theology)
Creators: name: Iordanus, de Quedlinburgo
name: Mulberg, Johannes
name: Bitz, Wilhelm
name: Caesarius, Heisterbacensis
name: Gregorius I, Papa
name: Johannes, de Friburgo
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This manuscript is part of the holdings of the Carthusian monastery of Basel, to which it came as a gift from a former dean of Rheinfeld, Antonius Rütschmann. It contains mainly Gregory the Great ’s Homiliae in evangelia and the first two books of the Libri miraculorum by Caesarius of Heisterbach, as well as sermons and excerpts by Johannes of Freiburg, Johannes of Mülberg, and Jordan of Quedlinburg.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, A lambda III 10 : Chronicle of the Carthusian monastery of Basel
Creators: name: Heinrich Arnoldi
name: Carpentarii, Georgius
name: Carpentarii, Georgius
name: Carpentarii, Georgius
name: Ströulin, Martin
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This chronicle, which came to the Basel University Library as part of the holdings of the Museum Faesch, contains two parts. The first part was written by Heinrich Arnoldi and deals with the foundation and development of the monastery until 1480; it is written in the form of a dialogue between the prior of the monastery and its patron saint, St. Margaret. This dialogue format, which Arnoldi employed in several of his writings, is unusual for historical content; it is abandoned in the second part. This second part, an autograph by Georg Carpentarius, continues the chronicle until 1526, that is, until shortly before the dissolution of the monastery in 1529.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, A V 23 : Collectanea spiritalia
Creators: name: Johannes, Zotzenheim
name: Guilelmus, Parisiensis
name: Konrad, von Soltau
name: Anselm von Canterbury
name: Augustinus, Aurelius
name: Bernardus, Claraevallensis
name: Caesarius, Heisterbacensis
name: Cassiodorus, Flavius Magnus Aurelius
name: Cicero, Marcus Tullius
name: Eusebius, Caesariensis
name: Gratianus, de Clusio
name: Gregorius I, Papa
name: Gregorius, Nazianzenus
name: Henricus, de Langenstein
name: Hildegard, von Bingen, Heilige
name: Hugo, de Sancto Victore
name: Isidorus, Hispalensis
name: Johannes, Damascenus
name: Leo I, Papa
name: Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
name: Tauler, Johannes
name: Thomas, de Aquino
name: Albertus, Magnus
name: Basilius, Caesariensis
name: Groote, Geert
name: Grosseteste, Robertus
name: Henricus, de Calcar
name: Cassianus, Johannes
name: Richardus, de Sancto Victore
name: Remigius, Altissiodorensis
name: Prosper, de Aquitania
name: Galfredus, de Vinosalvo
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This manuscript, in a strikingly narrow format, was created in Mainz and, as a gift from the Carthusians living there, it later came to the Carthusian monastery of Basel. It contains a large number of short and very short texts: in addition to some sermons, it mainly contains excerpts from theological, church historical and political treatises, including some in German.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, A VII 38 : Sermones
Creators: name: Louber, Jakob
name: Guilelmus, de Malliaco
name: Loy, Johannes
name: Johannes, Chrysostomus
name: Heynlin, Johannes
name: Heynlin, Johannes
name: Heynlin, Johannes
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This manuscript, owned by Johannes Heynlin, came to the Basel University Library (UB) along with the holdings of the library of the Carthusian monastery of Basel; it contains primarily sermons, many of them written by the Dominican Guilelmus de Malliaco. A keyword index enables the user to search for a sermon with a suitable topic. The binding is striking: the two covers are each fitted with five brass bosses. On the inside of the covers, their anchors are each covered with small parchment pieces cut out in the shape of a heart.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Miranha imbellis
Creators: name: Goemans, Geert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Miranha
Miranha imbellis

description: imbellis (Walker, 1858: 2),
Zammara
(Mexico)
description: Published as part of Goemans, Geert, 2010, A historical overview of the classification of the Neotropical tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) with a key to genera, pp. 1-13 in ZooKeys 43 (43) on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.43.386, http://zenodo.org/record/576655
Stochastic weight matrix dynamics during learning and Dyson Brownian motion
Creators: name: Aarts, Gert
name: Lucini, Biagio
name: Park, Chanju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We demonstrate that the update of weight matrices in learning algorithms can be described in the framework of Dyson Brownian motion, thereby inheriting many features of random matrix theory. We relate the level of stochasticity to the ratio of the learning rate and the mini-batch size, providing more robust evidence to a previously conjectured scaling relationship. We discuss universal and non-universal features in the resulting Coulomb gas distribution and identify the Wigner surmise and Wigner semicircle explicitly in a teacher-student model and in the (near-)solvable case of the Gaussian restricted Boltzmann machine.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures; minor changes and references added, version to appear in Physical Review E
Generische Publikations- und Archivierungsservices an der Universität zu Köln
Creators: name: Helling, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Research Data Management

description: Größere Datenbestände, die sich in unterschiedliche Datenpakete unterteilen, über Repositorien zu publizieren, kann ein zeitaufwendiger Prozess sein. Zur automatisierten Publikation von digitalen Ressourcen über das generische Repositorium Zenodo haben wir am Data Center for the Humanities (DCH) an der Universität zu Köln einen Workflow entwickelt, der es uns ermöglicht Datenpakete mit reichhaltigen Metadaten skript-basiert vorzubereiten und automatisiert über die REST-API der generischen Infrastruktur nachhaltig und entsprechend der FAIR-Prinzipien zu publizieren.

Aktuell wird der Workflow insbesondere für die Publikation von Konferenzbeiträgen, bspw. der Jahreskonferenzen des Verbands Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum e.V., der FORGE – Forschungsdaten in den Geisteswissenschaften Konferenz sowie der internationalen Digital Humanities Konferenz der Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations (ADHO) genutzt. Dabei ist der Prozess so gestaltet, dass er auch für die Publikation anderer digitaler Bestände, die über Zenodo publiziert werden sollen, genutzt werden kann.

Wenn Forschungsdaten und -ergebnisse, bspw. aus datenschutz- oder urheberrechtlichen Gründen allerdings nicht publiziert werden können, es den Bedarf einer zusätzlichen Speicherung zur Wahrung der Ausfallsicherheit gibt, oder wenn Forschungsdaten nicht publikationswürdig sind, allerdings dennoch i.S.d. guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis mindestens für 10 Jahre vorgehalten werden sollen, kann zusätzlich der Archivierungsworkflow des DCH genutzt werden. Dieser automatisierte Prozess ermöglicht es uns digitale Ressourcen im BagIt-Format nachhaltig auf TSM-Bandspeicher, der vom Regionalen Rechenzentrum der Universität zu Köln betrieben wird, zu archivieren. Dabei unterscheiden wir in zwei Varianten der Archivierung: Im Dark Archiving sind die abgelegten Ressourcen weder auffindbar noch zugänglich, die Forschenden erhalten lediglich einen Nachweis über die archivierten Daten. Im Cold Archiving sind die abgelegten Ressourcen auch nicht zugänglich, allerdings werden die zugehörigen Metadaten auf einer Landingpage mit Digital Object Identifier (DOI) publiziert.

In diesem Vortrag stelle ich die generischen Publikations- und Archivierungsworkflows des DCH im Detail vor und arbeite heraus, wie diese grundsätzliche Bedarfe der Forschenden in Bezug auf das Management von Forschungsdaten niederschwellig adressieren.
Sipyloidea amica Bey-Bienko 1959
Creators: name: Brock, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phasmida
Diapheromeridae
Sipyloidea
Sipyloidea amica

description: amica Bey­Bienko, 1959: 1818, fig. 4 (Sipyloidea)
ɗ CHINA, Mt. Tingushan [Possibly misplaced or may have been forwarded to Beijing]. = Sipyloidea amica Bey­Bienko, 1959 (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae)
description: Published as part of Brock, Paul D., 2007, The Types of Phasmida in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZMAS), pp. 45-56 in Zootaxa 1398 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175361
Quantum nonlocal modulation cancellation with distributed clocks
Creators: name: Chapman, Stephen D.
name: Seshadri, Suparna
name: Lukens, Joseph M.
name: Peters, Nicholas A.
name: McKinney, Jason D.
name: Weiner, Andrew M.
name: Lu, Hsuan-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate nonlocal modulation of entangled photons with truly distributed RF clocks. Leveraging a custom radio-over-fiber (RFoF) system characterized via classical spectral interference, we validate its effectiveness for quantum networking by multiplexing the RFoF clock with one photon from a frequency-bin-entangled pair and distributing the coexisting quantum-classical signals over fiber. Phase modulation of the two photons reveals nonlocal correlations in excellent agreement with theory: in-phase modulation produces additional sidebands in the joint spectral intensity, while out-of-phase modulation is nonlocally canceled. Our simple, feedback-free design attains sub-picosecond synchronization -- namely, drift less than $\sim$0.5 ps in a 5.5 km fiber over 30 min (fractionally only $\sim$2$\times$10$^{-8}$ of the total fiber delay) -- and should facilitate frequency-encoded quantum networking protocols such as high-dimensional quantum key distribution and entanglement swapping, unlocking frequency-bin qubits for practical quantum communications in deployed metropolitan-scale networks.
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, A XI 71 : Composite manuscript (theology)
Creators: name: Adamus, de Einesham
name: Isaac, Ninivita
name: Venturinus, de Bergamo
name: Anselm von Canterbury
name: Augustinus, Aurelius
name: Bernardus, Claraevallensis
name: Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus
name: Cicero, Marcus Tullius
name: Eusebius, Caesariensis
name: Gratianus, de Clusio
name: Gregorius I, Papa
name: Henricus, de Langenstein
name: Hieronymus, Sophronius Eusebius
name: Hrabanus, Maurus
name: Hugo, de Sancto Victore
name: Isidorus, Hispalensis
name: Johannes, Damascenus
name: Ovidius Naso, Publius
name: Petrus, Lombardus
name: Prudentius Clemens, Aurelius
name: Sallustius Crispus, Gaius
name: Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
name: Valerius Maximus
name: Vincentius, Bellovacensis
name: Albertus, Magnus
name: Josephus, Flavius
name: Aristoteles
name: Cassianus, Johannes
name: Prosper, de Aquitania
name: Ludolphus, de Saxonia
name: Hugo, Lincolniensis
name: Hugo, de Folieto
name: Nicolaus, de Lyra
name: Jacopone, da Todi
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This small-format codex probably is from the Carthusian monastery of Mainz, from where it came to the Carthusian monastery of Basel, where numerous ownership notes were added. It contains a great variety of excerpts from religious, historical and other literature from the Middle Ages and antiquity. The length of the texts also varies considerably: in addition to short excerpts and two- or four-line verses about various things such as popes or bees, there are longer pieces such as Hugh of Fouilloy’s De rota verae et falsae religionis or the first half of Paradisus Animae by Pseudo-Albertus Magnus.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Toward a test of Gaussianity of a gravitational wave background
Creators: name: Bernardo, Reginald Christian
name: Appleby, Stephen
name: Ng, Kin-Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The degree of Gaussianity of a field offers insights into its cosmological nature, and its statistical properties serve as indicators of its Gaussianity. In this work, we examine the signatures of Gaussianity in a gravitational wave background (GWB) by analyzing the cumulants of the one- and two-point functions of the relevant observable, using pulsar timing array (PTA) simulations as a proof-of-principle. This appeals to the ongoing debate about the source of the spatially-correlated common-spectrum process observed in PTAs, which is likely associated with a nanohertz stochastic GWB. We investigate the distribution of the sample statistics of the one-point function in the presence of a Gaussian GWB. Our results indicate that, within PTAs, one-point statistics are impractical for constraining the Gaussianity of the nanohertz GWB due to dominant pulsar noises. However, our analysis of two-point statistics shows promise, suggesting that it may be possible to constrain the Gaussianity of the nanohertz GWB using PTA data. We also emphasize that the Gaussian signatures identified in the one- and two-point functions in this work are expected to be applicable to any gravitational wave background.
description: 18 pages + refs, 9 figures, v2: discussion improved, to appear in JCAP
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, F III 2 : Composite manuscript (Terentius; Rhetorica)
Creators: name: Augustinus, Dati
name: Gasparinus, Barzizius
name: Louber, Jakob
name: Louber, Jakob
name: Louber, Jakob
name: Louber, Jakob
name: Heinrich Arnoldi
name: Henricus, Francigena
name: Alpoleius, Jacobus, de Urbisaglia
name: Isidorus, Hispalensis
name: Pius II, Papa
name: Terentius Afer, Publius
name: Theophrastus
name: Luder, Petrus
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This composite manuscript comes from the library of the Carthusian monastery of Basel and contains school texts on the ancient comic poet Publius Terentius Afer (Terence) (ca. 195 - ca. 159 B.C.), such as Comoediae cum didascaliis, as well as various Rhetoricae, or teachings on the art of speech making and letter writing. The first part of the manuscript was written by the later Prior Jacob Lauber while he was still a student in 1471 and 1472.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Erfolge von Datenmanagement im Bereich der Sequenzierung
Creators: name: Schüler, Danuta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Research Data Management

description: Ein Schwerpunkt des Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK) ist die Erschließung und Bewahrung pflanzengenetischer Ressourcen. Damit verbundenen Datenmanagementprozesse werden in einem Laborinformationsmanagementsystem umgesetzt. Hier werden Labor-Serviceprozess mit Datenerhebungen in Forschungsprojekten nach FAIR-Kriterien zu gemeinsamen Prozessen zusammengeführt. Dazu gehört u.a. die Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung. Im Vortrag werden Lösungsansätze von LIMS-basierten Datenmanagementlösungen [DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-413] im Bereich der Sequenzierung, die Umsetzung der Anforderungen an FAIR-Prinzipien und die Herausforderung der Nutzung/Schulung der Nutzer aufgezeigt. Dazu gehören neben der Sicherstellung konsistenter, kurierter Daten auch harmonisierte, maschinenverarbeitbare Datenzugriffe zur Entwicklung von Webportalen, sowie die standardkonformen Datenpuplikationsprozesse, etwa zu den INSDC Datenbank ENA [DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1067] und BioSamples [DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr937].
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, F III 3 : Composite manuscript (Virgil)
Creators: name: Sulpicius Apollinaris, Gaius
name: Sieber, Ludwig
name: Louber, Jakob
name: Johannes, Andreas
name: Molitoris, Nicolaus
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Ovidius Naso, Publius
name: Vergilius Maro, Publius
name: Heynlin, Johannes
name: Heynlin, Johannes
Publisher: name: e-codices - Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Year: 2024

description: This manuscript was written by Johannes Heynlin during his time in Paris between 1469 and 1471. It contains three "classic works for education", the (annotated) Bucolics, the Georgics, and the Aeneid by Virgil, as well as a whole series of pseudo-Virgilian works. The volume is finely decorated with figural initials from a Parisian studio with scenes from Virgil's works. The manuscript was probably bound in Basel, perhaps at the instigation of the Carthusian monastery, into whose possession it came when Heynlin entered the monastery.
description: Online Since: 2020-06-18
Pericoma nielseni
Creators: name: Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Psychodidae
Pericoma
Pericoma nielseni

description: Pericoma nielseni, nomen novum
Pericoma formosa Nielsen, 1964 (nec. Meunier, 1905)—(Nielsen, 1964) Pericoma (Pachypericoma) formosa Nielsen, 1964 —(Vaillant, 1978)
Etymology: The new name honours Boy Overgaard Nielsen from the University of Aarhus, who first recognised the species.
description: Published as part of Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen, 2010, Pericoma nielseni nom. nov., a replacement name for Pericoma formosa Nielsen, 1964, preoccupied by Pericoma formosa Meunier, 1905 (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Zootaxa 2726, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200007
Zammara Amyot & Audinet Serville 1843
Creators: name: Goemans, Geert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Zammara

description: Zammara Amyot & Audinet Serville, 1843: 468;
Type species: Tettigonia tympanum Fabricius, 1803: 40
description: Published as part of Goemans, Geert, 2010, A historical overview of the classification of the Neotropical tribe Zammarini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) with a key to genera, pp. 1-13 in ZooKeys 43 (43) on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.43.386, http://zenodo.org/record/576655
Reduction of unitary operators, quantum graphs and quantum channels
Creators: name: Salcedo, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a unitary operator in a finite dimensional complex Hilbert space, its unitary reduction to a subspace is defined. The application to quantum graphs is discussed. It is shown how the reduction allows to generate the scattering matrices of new quantum graphs from assembling of simpler graphs. The reduction of quantum channels is also defined. The implementation of the quantum gates corresponding to the reduced unitary operator is investigated, although no explicit construction is presented. The situation is different for the reduction of quantum channels for which explicit implementations are given.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. Title changed. The original nomenclature "contraction" has been changed to "reduction" throughout the manuscript