cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detailed mapping of the complex fiber structure and white matter pathways of the chimpanzee brain
Creators: name: Eichner, Cornelius
name: Paquette, Michael
name: Müller-Axt, Christa
name: Bock, Christian
name: Budinger, Eike
name: Gräßle, Tobias
name: Jäger, Carsten
name: Kirilina, Evgeniya
name: Lipp, Ilona
name: Møller, Torsten
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: chimpanzee brain
subject: detailed mapping
subject: complex fiber structure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Long-standing questions about human brain evolution may only be resolved through comparisons with close living evolutionary relatives, such as chimpanzees. This applies in particular to structural white matter (WM) connectivity, which continuously expanded throughout evolution. However, due to legal restrictions on chimpanzee research, neuroscience research currently relies largely on data with limited detail or on comparisons with evolutionarily distant monkeys. Here, we present a detailed magnetic resonance imaging resource to study structural WM connectivity in the chimpanzee. This open-access resource contains (1) WM reconstructions of a postmortem chimpanzee brain, using the highest-quality diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data yet acquired from great apes; (2) an optimized and validated method for high-quality fiber orientation reconstructions; and (3) major fiber tract segmentations for cross-species morphological comparisons. This dataset enabled us to identify phylogenetically relevant details of the chimpanzee connectome, and we anticipate that it will substantially contribute to understanding human brain evolution.
Formation of trans-Neptunian satellite systems at the stage of condensations
Creators: name: Ipatov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of trans-Neptunian satellite systems at the stage of rarefied preplanetesimals (i.e., condensations of dust and/or objects less than 1 m in diameter) is discussed. It is assumed that trans-Neptunian objects (including those with satellites) could form as a result of compression of parental rarefied preplanetesimals. The formulas for calculating the angular momentum of two colliding condensations with respect to their center of mass, which were applied earlier in (Ipatov, 2010) in the comparison of such momenta with the angular momenta of observed satellite systems, are used to estimate the angular momenta of condensations needed to form satellite systems. It is demonstrated that the angular velocities of condensations used in (Nesvorny et al., 2010) as the initial data in the computer simulation of compression of rarefied preplanetesimals and subsequent formation of trans-Neptunian satellite systems may be obtained in collisions of preplanetesimals with their radii comparable to the corresponding Hill radii. For example, these angular velocities are in the range of possible values of angular velocities of a parental rarefied preplanetesimal formed as a result of a merger of two colliding rarefied preplanetesimals that moved in circular heliocentric orbits before a collision. Some rarefied preplanetesimals formed as a result of collision of preplanetesimals in the region of formation of solid small bodies acquire such angular momenta that are sufficient to form satellite systems of small bodies. It is likely that the ratio of the number of rarefied preplanetesimals with such angular momenta to the total number of rarefied preplanetesimals producing classical trans-Neptunian objects with diameters larger than 100 km was 0.45 (the initial fraction of satellite systems among all classical trans-Neptunian objects).
description: 21 pages (two columns) in the journal, 27 pages in the attached file (one column)
Conditional Routing of Information to the Neocortex: A Network Model of Basal Ganglia Function
Creators: name: Stocco, Andrea
name: Lebiere, Christian
name: Anderson, John R.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The basal ganglia are widely regarded as playing a central role in cognition, being involved is such general functions as action selection and reinforcement learning. Here, we present a model exploring the hypothesis that the basal ganglia implement a conditional information routing circuit, where cortical signals are gated and subsequently relayed onto different pathways projecting to the prefrontal cortex. It also accounts for the existence of two distinct branches (pallidal and nigral) of the direct pathway, by assuming that they are used to carry separately content and routing information. A possible mechanism is described by which the indirect pathway can control the release of dopamine along the nigrostriatal pathway, generating a signal that the striatum can use to produce novel stimulus-response associations by internalizing cortical representations. In a series of simulations, it is shown how the model can perform simple stimulus-response tasks, develop automatic behaviors, and provide an account of impairments in Parkinon's and Huntington's disease. Finally, it is also discussed how the proposed model’s mechanisms relates to production systems, a widely adopted formalism for human cognition, and how the reward signals carried by the mesolimbic pathway can be integrated to exert fine control over action selection.
Conditional Routing of Information to the Cortex: A Model of the Basal Ganglia’s Role in Cognitive Coordination
Creators: name: Stocco, Andrea
name: Lebiere, Christian
name: Anderson, John R.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The basal ganglia play a central role in cognition and are involved in such general functions as action selection and reinforcement learning. Here, we present a model exploring the hypothesis that the basal ganglia implement a conditional information-routing system. The system directs the transmission of cortical signals between pairs of regions by manipulating separately the selection of sources and destinations of information transfers. We suggest that such a mechanism provides an account for several cognitive functions of the basal ganglia. The model also incorporates a possible mechanism by which subsequent transfers of information control the release of dopamine. This signal is used to produce novel stimulus-response associations by internalizing transferred cortical representations in the striatum. We discuss how the model is related to production systems and cognitive architectures. A series of simulations is presented to illustrate how the model can perform simple stimulus-response tasks, develop automatic behaviors, and provide an account of impairments in Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases.
Molecular rotors as tools to explore the mechanical behaviour of lipid membranes under stress
Creators: name: Paez Perez, Miguel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Lipid membranes are crucial components of the cellular architecture. In addition to their primary function as spatial organizers of the cellular elements, these structures host many different proteins, and as such they are involved in a myriad of metabolic and signalling pathways. Consequently, the cell’s plasma membrane plays a central role in cellular adaptation, homeostasis, and disease. The active contribution of the plasma membrane to the cell’s activity arises from the intricate molecular interactions between the membrane components, which are ultimately reflected in the membrane’s mechanical behaviour. As such, there has been a growing interest in understanding how the biophysical properties of the cell’s lipid membrane are affected by pathogenic stress. In this thesis, the relationship between the membrane’s molecular structure and its mechanical behaviour has been studied by combining the unique capabilities of in-house synthesised molecular rotors (fluorescent molecules capable of reporting on their surrounding microviscosity) with advanced fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, together with X-Ray diffraction characterisation. Following this approach, it has been possible to quantify how lipid packing and organization changes under mechanical load, under oxidative stress, and in the presence of atherogenic trans-fatty acids. The results from this work prove how changing the membrane’s composition can tune the membrane’s mechanics, leading to a non-classical behaviour; how peroxidation can induce viscoelastic uncoupling and lipid clustering; and how the presence of trans-fatty acids hinders the membrane’s adaptation under tension. Overall, the results presented in this thesis highlight the tight interplay between the membrane ‘s composition and its mechanical behaviour and aims to encourage further research in the field, which will pave the way towards a better understanding of disease.
Concordance in the face of a stressful event: When do members of a dyad agree that one person supported the other?
Creators: name: Coriell, Marilee
name: Cohen, Sheldon
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Students reported behaviors they expected from a primary support person in response to an upcoming exam. After the exam, students and support persons independently reported behaviors the supporter provided. There was only moderate agreement within dyads about the occurrence of supportive behaviors (? = .39). Dyad intimacy, fulfilled expectancies, student and supporter social competence, and communal orientation all were associated with greater concordance. There was also greater agreement on behaviors rated by judges as helpful than harmful and in dyads that included a woman than in man–man dyads. Greater dyad intimacy and more fulfilled expectancies accounted for why there was greater concordance in dyads that included a woman, and more fulfilled expectancies accounted for why there was greater concordance on positive than negative behaviors.
Investigation of the Etching Time and NaOH Concentration Effects on the Optoelectronic Properties of ZnO Nanorods
Creators: name: I. Boukhoubza
name: M. Khenfouch
name: M. Achehboune
name: I. Derkaoui
name: B. M. Mothudi
name: I. Zorkani
name: A. Jorio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: ZnO nanorods
etching effects
hydrothermal method
optoelectronic properties

description: ZnO-based nanostructures, one dimensional ones (nanorods) have received great attention, due to their unique properties such as low reaction temperature, ease of scaling up, economic and facile synthesis. In this study, we report the preparation of ZnO nanorods by hydrothermal method and the dynamics of their chemical etching under different concentrations of NaOH. The characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and photoluminescence. Thus, the study provides an investigation of the etching time and concentration effects on the optoelectronic properties. We found that all etching conditions are causing a remarkable proportional changes on the materials photonics as it is mainly changing the surface and creating defects. Hence, this study exhibits distinct advantages for optoelectronic devices.
Eligibility Traces and Plasticity on Behavioral Time Scales: Experimental Support of neoHebbian Three-Factor Learning Rules
Creators: name: Gerstner, Wulfram
name: Lehmann, Marco
name: Liakoni, Vasiliki
name: Corneil, Dane
name: Brea, Johanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Most elementary behaviors such as moving the arm to grasp an object or walking into the next room to explore a museum evolve on the time scale of seconds; in contrast, neuronal action potentials occur on the time scale of a few milliseconds. Learning rules of the brain must therefore bridge the gap between these two different time scales. Modern theories of synaptic plasticity have postulated that the co-activation of pre- and postsynaptic neurons sets a flag at the synapse, called an eligibility trace, that leads to a weight change only if an additional factor is present while the flag is set. This third factor, signaling reward, punishment, surprise, or novelty, could be implemented by the phasic activity of neuromodulators or specific neuronal inputs signaling special events. While the theoretical framework has been developed over the last decades, experimental evidence in support of eligibility traces on the time scale of seconds has been collected only during the last few years. Here we review, in the context of three-factor rules of synaptic plasticity, four key experiments that support the role of synaptic eligibility traces in combination with a third factor as a biological implementation of neoHebbian three-factor learning rules.
Resonant particle production in branonium
Creators: name: Rosa, J. G.
name: March-Russell, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mechanism of particle production in the world-volume of a probe anti D6-brane (or D6 with SUSY breaking) moving in the background created by a fixed stack of $D6$-branes. We show that this may occur in a regime of parametric resonance when the probe's motion is non-relativistic and it moves at large distances from the source branes in low eccentricity orbits. This leads to an exponential growth of the particle number in the probe's world-volume and constitutes an effective mechanism for producing very massive particles. We also analyze the evolution of this system in an expanding universe and how this affects the development of the parametric resonance. We discuss the effects of transverse space compactification on the probe's motion, showing that it leads to the creation of angular momentum in a similar way to the Affleck-Dine mechanism for baryogenesis. Finally, we describe possible final states of the system and their potential relevance to cosmology.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures Version to be published in Physical Review D, with two new sections on Affleck-Dine-like angular momentum generation from transverse space compactification effects and one on stabilization and cosmological implications
Conceptual Change When Learning Experimental Design
Creators: name: Siler, Stephanie
name: Klahr, David
name: Matlen, Bryan J.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: As indicated by the other chapters in the volume, there are important cross-domain commonalities in conceptual change processes. However, some processes of conceptual change are specific to the domain in which those concepts are situated. In this chapter we describe several processes that support changes in how children think about a small, but essential, domain-general part of middle school science instruction: the design of simple experiments (typically dubbed the "control of variables strategy" or "CVS").
Note on Bose-Einstein condensation of photons
Creators: name: Müller, Eberhard E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper provides, firstly, a succinct mathematical derivation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of photons elaborating on previous results [Müller, E.E., Annals of Phys. 184, 219-230 (1988); Müller, E.E. Physica 139A, 165-174 (1986)] including new results on the condensate function, and, secondly, applies this framework to consistently explain experimental findings reported in Klaers J., Schmitt, J., Vewinger, F & Weitz, M., Nature 468, 545-548 (2010). The theoretical approach presented here invites to significantly widen the experimental framework for BEC of photons including three-dimensional photon resonators and thermalization mechanisms different from a dye medium in the cavity.
Lasioderma bubalus subsp. bubalus Fairmaire 1860
Creators: name: Zahradník, Petr
name: Demetriou, Jakovos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Anobiidae
Lasioderma
Lasioderma bubalus
Lasioderma bubalus bubalus fairmaire, 1860

description: Lasioderma bubalus bubalus Fairmaire, 1860
Baudi di Selve 1874: 333; Zahradník 2007a: 357; Zahradník 2016b: 119.
Distribution. P: AB AG CY FR GR IS IT LB MA PT RO SA SP. Mediterranean, Caucasus, Near East, Arabian Peninsula (Zahradník 2007a, 2016a, b).
Material examined. Larnaca prov., Agios Theodoros env., 34°46’25’’ N, 33°25’30’’ E, 26.-27.iii.2016, 3 spec., lgt. T. Staněk, coll. PZPC.
description: Published as part of Zahradník, Petr & Demetriou, Jakovos, 2023, A review of the Ptinidae (Coleoptera: Bostrichoidea) of Cyprus, including new faunistic records and the description of a new species, pp. 243-265 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on page 259, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8061315
Confinement, Screening and the Center on S^3 x S^1
Creators: name: Hoyos, Carlos
name: Lucini, Biagio
name: Naqvi, Asad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the one-loop effective potential for the Polyakov loop on $S^3 times S^1$ for an asymptotically free gauge theory of arbitrary group $G$ and a generic matter content. We apply this result to study the phase structures of $G_2$, SO(N) and $Sp(2N)$ gauge theories which turn out to be in qualitative agreement with the results of lattice calculations. On $S^3 \times S^1$, at zero temperature, the Polyakov loop is zero for kinematical reasons. For small but non-zero temperature, the Polyakov loop is still zero if the gauge theory has an unbroken center, while it acquires a small vacuum expectation value for gauge theories whose center is trivial or explicitly broken by the presence of dynamical matter fields. At high temperatures, the saddle point structure of the effective potential is different from the low temperature case suggesting that the theory is in the deconfined phase. At finite $N$, the Polyakov loop is non-zero in the high temperature phase only in theories with no unbroken center symmetry, consistent with screening of the external charge introduced by the Polyakov loop and Gauss law on a compact space.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, references added
title: Understanding Oman’s involvement in mediation, 1980-2015
Creators: name: Al Jaradi, Juma Said
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2024

description: In the recent past, Oman has made independent foreign policy choices which differ from its 
allies in the Gulf. While most Arab Gulf states tend to take sides and pursue a confrontational 
approach during regional conflicts, Oman has chosen to act as a mediator. Applying Mark 
Bevir’s interpretive framework that concentrates on explaining political actions by locating 
them against the background of traditions and as responses to dilemmas, this thesis seeks to 
provide a more nuanced understanding of Oman’s frequent involvement as a mediator. This is 
achieved by examining Oman’s mediation role undertaken during the Iran-Iraq War, the Yemeni 
Civil War, and the Iranian nuclear deal. The study relies on primary and secondary material, 
including documentary analysis and elite’s interviews.
This study argues that upon gaining power, Sultan Qaboos embarked on a socio-political 
programme consolidating Oman’s national unity and national independence. In articulating his 
programme, he drew on a series of traditional ideas and historical references, which also came 
to frame understandings of Oman’s foreign policy orientation during the 1970s. It shows that 
by 1980, the belief in Oman’s cultural distinctiveness and vulnerability to external intervention 
had emerged as tantamount to ‘traditions’, playing a significant role in structuring Omani 
policy-makers’ reading of regional security dilemmas, and the policies they adopt. In this 
context, Oman’s desire to preserve its culturally distinct identity have constrained her pursuit of 
national independence, and shaped her response to foreign policy dilemmas, leading to the 
emergence of mediation as a policy practice. Oman’s earlier adaptation of a ‘balanced’ 
approach, and later ‘neutral’ stance, followed by its active mediation role towards the end of the 
Iran-Iraq War, were formed against the background of these traditions of thought. The study 
demonstrates that Omani policy-makers have been able to adjust their practice and policy as 
they have responded to each new policy dilemma posed by regional upheavals. In doing so, they 
developed mediation as a new tradition of policy practice.
On the existence of bibundles
Creators: name: Murray, Michael
name: Roberts, David Michael
name: Stevenson, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R65, 53C08, 18D05

description: We consider the existence of bibundles, in other words locally trivial principal $G$ spaces with commuting left and right $G$ actions. We show that their existence is closely related to the structure of the group $\Out(G)$ of outer automorphisms of $G$. We also develop a classifying theory for bibundles. The theory is developed in full generality for $(H, G)$ bibundles for a crossed-module $(H, G)$ and we show with examples the close links with loop group bundles.
description: This version accepted to appear in the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. Various changes made at referee's suggestion
A fast subspace optimization method for nonlinear inverse problems in Banach spaces with an application in parameter identification
Creators: name: Wald, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65J05, 65J15, 65J22, 65N21, 35J25, 35Q60

description: We introduce and analyze a fast iterative method based on sequential Bregman projections for nonlinear inverse problems in Banach spaces. The key idea, in contrast to the standard Landweber method, is to use multiple search directions per iteration in combination with a regulation of the step width in order to reduce the total number of iterations. This method is suitable for both exact and noisy data. In the latter case, we obtain a regularization method. An algorithm with two search directions is used for the numerical identification of a parameter in an elliptic boundary value problem.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures
title: Portal
title: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Potsdam, Referat Für Presse- Und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Aus dem Inhalt: - Zukunftsinvestition: Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses - Nobelpreisträger in Potsdam - Aktionen gegen Studiengebühren - Erdbebenanalyse in Minuten
description: Portal: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung, 07-09/2005
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0063
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2017
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0063, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 181 (11 H 754), 165 folios, f. 0063, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Burial of two closely related infants under a “dragon stone” from prehistoric Armenia
Creators: name: Bobokhyan, Arsen
name: Iraeta-Orbegozo, Miren
name: McColl, Hugh
name: Mkrtchyan, Ruzan
name: Simonyan, Hasmik
name: Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín
name: Andrades-Valtuena, Aída
name: Hnila, Pavol
name: Gilibert, Alessandra
name: Margaryan, Ashot
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Armenia
subject: Caucasus
subject: Bronze Age
subject: Ancient DNA
subject: Burial practices
subject: Next-generation sequencing
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: “Dragon stones” are prehistoric basalt stelae carved with animal imagery found in Armenia and surrounding regions. These monuments have a complex history of use and reuse across millennia, and the original date of creation is still a matter of debate. In this article, we present a unique dragon stone context excavated at the site of Lchashen, Armenia, where a three-and-a-half-meter high basalt stela with an image of a sacrificed bovid was found above a burial dating to the 16th century BC. The burial stands out among hundreds from this site as the only one in connection with a “dragon stone”, and one of very few containing the remains of newborn babies. Furthermore, our analyses of ancient DNA extracted from the well-preserved skeletal remains of two 0–2-month-old individuals showed them to be second-degree related females with identical mitochondrial sequences of the haplogroup U5a1a1 lineage, thus indicating that the infants are closely related. Additionally, we assessed that the buried individuals displayed genetic ancestry profiles similar to other Bronze Age individuals from the region.
Formation dominates resorption with increasing mineralized density and time postfracture in cortical but not trabecular bone: a longitudinal HRpQCT imaging study in the distal radius
Creators: name: Atkins, Penny R.
name: Stock, Kerstin
name: Ohs, Nicholas
name: Collins, Caitlyn J.
name: Horling, Lukas
name: Benedikt, Stefan
name: Degenhart, Gerald
name: Lippuner, Kurt
name: Blauth, Michael
name: Christen, Patrik
name: Müller, Ralph
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 330 - Wirtschaft

Abstract
title: Portal
title: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Potsdam, Referat Für Presse- Und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Aus dem Inhalt: - Karriere und Familie: Eine Gratwanderung - Studierende werfen kritischen Blick auf ihre Fakultät - Wie E-Learning das Studium verändert - Mit System Erde bei Exzellenzinitiative punkten
description: Portal: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung, 10-12/2005
Concept Learning and Modal Reasoning
Creators: name: Kemp, Charles
name: Ham, Faye
name: Jern, Alan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Philosophers and linguists have suggested that the meaning of a concept can be represented by a rule or function that picks out examples of the concept across all possible worlds. We turn this idea into a computational model of concept learning, and demonstrate that this model helps to account for two aspects of human learning. Our first experiment explores how humans learn relational concepts such as “taller” that are defined with respect to a context set. Our second experiment explores modal inferences, or inferences about whether states of affairs are possible or impossible. Our model accounts for the results of both experiments, and suggests that possible worlds semantics can help to explain how humans learn and use concepts.
Lasioderma haemorrhoidale Stephens 1835
Creators: name: Zahradník, Petr
name: Demetriou, Jakovos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Anobiidae
Lasioderma
Lasioderma haemorrhoidale

description: Lasioderma haemorrhoidale (Illiger, 1807)
Baudi di Selve 1874: 333; Pic 1912b: 55; White 1990: 344; Zahradník 2007a: 357; Zahradník 2016b: 119.
Distribution. P: AG AZ BH BU CI CR CY EG FR GR HU IS IT LB MA MC MG MO PT SP ST SY SZ TR TU UK „Korea“ N i: US. Mediterranean, Balkan Peninsula, introduced tothe Nearctic Region, sporadic outside these areas (White 1990; Zahradník 2007a, 2016b).
Material examined. Paphos prov., Peyia Coral Bay, 2 km SW of Peyia, steppe by the sea, beating of bushes, 34°51‘30‘‘ N, 32°21‘51‘‘ E, 11.v. 20012, 1 spec., lgt. M. Mantič, coll. PCMM.
description: Published as part of Zahradník, Petr & Demetriou, Jakovos, 2023, A review of the Ptinidae (Coleoptera: Bostrichoidea) of Cyprus, including new faunistic records and the description of a new species, pp. 243-265 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on page 259, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8061315
On the Distribution of Penalized Maximum Likelihood Estimators: The LASSO, SCAD, and Thresholding
Creators: name: Potscher, Benedikt M.
name: Leeb, Hannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62J07, 62F12, 62E15.

description: We study the distributions of the LASSO, SCAD, and thresholding estimators, in finite samples and in the large-sample limit. The asymptotic distributions are derived for both the case where the estimators are tuned to perform consistent model selection and for the case where the estimators are tuned to perform conservative model selection. Our findings complement those of Knight and Fu (2000) and Fan and Li (2001). We show that the distributions are typically highly nonnormal regardless of how the estimator is tuned, and that this property persists in large samples. The uniform convergence rate of these estimators is also obtained, and is shown to be slower than 1/root(n) in case the estimator is tuned to perform consistent model selection. An impossibility result regarding estimation of the estimators' distribution function is also provided.
Bell's Spaceships: The Views from Bow and Stern
Creators: name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Barnes, Luke A.
name: Sticka, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unravelling apparent paradoxes has proven to be a powerful tool for understanding the complexities of special relativity. In this paper, we focus upon one such paradox, namely Bell's spaceship paradox, examining the relative motion of two uniformly accelerating spaceships. We consider the view from either spaceship, with the exchange of photons between the two. This recovers the well known result that the leading spaceship loses sight of the trailing spaceship as it is redshifted and disappears behind what is known as the `Rindler horizon'. An immediate impact of this is that if either spaceship tries to measure the separation through `radar ranging', bouncing photons off one another, they would both eventually fail to receive any of the photon `pings' that they emit. We find that the view from this trailing spaceship is, however, starkly different, initially, seeing the leading spaceship with an increasing blueshift, followed by a decreasing blueshift. We conclude that, while the leading spaceship loses sight of the trailing spaceship, for the trailing spaceship the view of the separation between the two spaceships, and the apparent angular size of the leading spaceship, approach asymptotic values. Intriguingly, for particular parametrization of the journey of the two spaceships, these asymptotic values are identical to those properties seen before the spaceships began accelerating, and the view from the trailing spaceship becomes identical to when the two spaceships were initially at rest.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0185v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0185v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0185v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Recent lattice results on finite temerature and density QCD, part II
Creators: name: Karsch, Frithjof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss recent progress in studies of QCD thermodynamics with almost physical light quark masses and a physical value of the strange quark mass. We summarize results on the transition temperature in QCD and analyze the relation between deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration.
description: 11 pages, pleanry talk given at 'The XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory', July 30-4 August 2007, Regensburg, Germany
Two dimensional periodic box-ball system and its fundamental cycle
Creators: name: Iwao, Shinsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K15, 37K20

description: We study a 2-dimensional Box-Ball system which is a ultradiscrete analog of the discrete KP equation. We construct an algorithm to calculate the fundamental cycle, which is an important conserved quantity of the 2-dim. Box-Ball system with periodic boundary condition, by using the tropical curve theory.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Distributed representations of prediction error signals across the cortical hierarchy are synergistic
Creators: name: Gelens, Frank
name: Äijälä, Juho
name: Roberts, Louis
name: Komatsu, Misako
name: Uran, Cem
name: Jensen, Michael A.
name: Miller, Kai J.
name: Ince, Robin A. A.
name: Garagnani, Max
name: Vinck, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: cortex
subject: 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik

description: A relevant question concerning inter-areal communication in the cortex is whether these interactions are synergistic. Synergy refers to the complementary effect of multiple brain signals conveying more information than the sum of each isolated signal. Redundancy, on the other hand, refers to the common information shared between brain signals. Here, we dissociated cortical interactions encoding complementary information (synergy) from those sharing common information (redundancy) during prediction error (PE) processing. We analyzed auditory and frontal electrocorticography (ECoG) signals in five common awake marmosets performing two distinct auditory oddball tasks and investigated to what extent event-related potentials (ERP) and broadband (BB) dynamics encoded synergistic and redundant information about PE processing. The information conveyed by ERPs and BB signals was synergistic even at lower stages of the hierarchy in the auditory cortex and between auditory and frontal regions. Using a brain-constrained neural network, we simulated the synergy and redundancy observed in the experimental results and demonstrated that the emergence of synergy between auditory and frontal regions requires the presence of strong, long-distance, feedback, and feedforward connections. These results indicate that distributed representations of PE signals across the cortical hierarchy can be highly synergistic.
Superconductors as ideal spin sources for spintronics
Creators: name: Giazotto, F.
name: Taddei, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-polarized transport is investigated in normal metal-superconductor (NS) junctions as a function of interface transmissivity as well as temperature when the density of states of a superconductor is Zeeman-split in response to an exchange field (h_exc). Similarly to the "absolute spin-valve effect" predicted by D. Huertas-Hernando et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 047003 (2002)] in superconducting proximity structures, we show that NS junctions can be used to generate highly spin-polarized currents, in alternative to half-metallic ferromagnets. In particular, the spin-polarized current obtained is largely tunable in magnitude and sign by acting on bias voltage and h_exc. While for tunnel contacts the current polarization can be as high as 100%, for transparent junctions it is dominated by the minority spin species. The effect can be enhanced by electron "cooling" provided by the superconducting gap.
description: 4 pages, 4 color figures, published version
title: Portal
title: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Potsdam, Referat Für Presse- Und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Aus dem Inhalt: - Weltweit Punkte sammeln: Mehr Mobilität gefordert - Kostbare bibliophile Zeitzeugen mit neuer Heimat - Frauen für Führungsetagen fit gemacht - Mit einem Bakterium zur Professorin
description: Portal: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung, 01-03/2006
Farming system archetypes help explain the uptake of agri-environment practices in Europe
Creators: name: Václavík, Tomáš
name: Beckmann, Michael
name: Bednář, Marek
name: Brdar, Sanja
name: Brdar, Sanja
name: Breckenridge, George
name: Cord, Anna F.
name: Domingo-Marimon, Cristina
name: Gosal, Arjan
name: Langerwisch, Fanny
name: Paulus, Anne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: agricultural policy
subject: archetype analysis
subject: ecosystem services
subject: farm specialisation
subject: farm typology
subject: spatial classification
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The adoption of agri-environment practices (AEPs) is crucial for safeguarding the long-term sustainability of ecosystem services within European agricultural landscapes. However, the tailoring of agri-environment policies to the unique characteristics of farming systems is a challenging task, often neglecting local farm parameters or requiring extensive farm survey data. Here, we develop a simplified typology of farming system archetypes (FSAs), using field-level data on farms' economic size and specialisation derived from the Integrated Administration and Control System in three case studies in Germany, Czechia and the United Kingdom. Our typology identifies groups of farms that are assumed to react similarly to agricultural policy measures, bridging the gap between efforts to understand individual farm behaviour and broad agri-environmental typologies. We assess the usefulness of our approach by quantifying the spatial association of identified archetypes of farming systems with ecologically relevant AEPs (cover crops, fallow, organic farming, grassland maintenance, vegetation buffers, conversion of cropland to grassland and forest) to understand the rates of AEP adoption by different types of farms. Our results show that of the 20 archetypes, economically large farms specialised in general cropping dominate the agricultural land in all case studies, covering 56% to 85% of the total agricultural area. Despite regional differences, we found consistent trends in AEP adoption across diverse contexts. Economically large farms and those specialising in grazing livestock were more likely to adopt AEPs, with economically larger farms demonstrating a proclivity for a wider range of measures. In contrast, economically smaller farms usually focused on a narrower spectrum of AEPs and, together with farms with an economic value <2 000 EUR, accounted for 70% of all farms with no AEP uptake. These insights indicate the potential of the FSA typology as a framework to infer key patterns of AEP adoption, thus providing relevant information to policy-makers for more direct identification of policy target groups and ultimately for developing more tailored agri-environment policies.
Rede anläßlich des 100. Geburtstags Moses Mendelssohns
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1829
Subjects: subject: 090

description: Rede zum 100. Geburtstag von Moses Mendelssohn über Mendelssohn und seine Freunde und Schüler; Haskala; Aufklärung
title: Multivariate chemometrics as a key tool for prediction of K and Fe in a diverse German agricultural soil-set using EDXRF
Creators: name: Büchele, Dominique
name: Chao, Madlen
name: Ostermann, Markus
name: Leenen, Matthias
name: Bald, Ilko
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Within the framework of precision agriculture, the determination of various soil properties is moving into focus, especially the demand for sensors suitable for in-situ measurements. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) can be a powerful tool for this purpose. In this study a huge diverse soil set (n = 598) from 12 different study sites in Germany was analysed with EDXRF. First, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify possible similarities among the sample set. Clustering was observed within the four texture classes clay, loam, silt and sand, as clay samples contain high and sandy soils low iron mass fractions. Furthermore, the potential of uni- and multivariate data evaluation with partial least squares regression (PLSR) was assessed for accurate determination of nutrients in German agricultural samples using two calibration sample sets. Potassium and iron were chosen for testing the performance of both models. Prediction of these nutrients in 598 German soil samples with EDXRF was more accurate using PLSR which is confirmed by a better overall averaged deviation and PLSR should therefore be preferred.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 784
Homogenization of the fluid-saturated piezoelectric porous media
Creators: name: Rohan, Eduard
name: Lukeš, Vladimír
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 74F10, 74F15, 35Q74

description: The paper is devoted to the homogenization of porous piezoelectric materials saturated by electrically inert fluid. The solid part of a representative volume element consists of the piezoelectric skeleton with embedded conductors. The pore fluid in the periodic structure can constitute a single connected domain, or an array of inclusions. Also the conducting parts are represented by several mutually separated connected domains, or by inclusions. Two of four possible arrangements are considered for upscaling by the homogenization method. The macroscopic model of the first type involves coefficients responsible for interactions between the electric field and the pore pressure, or the pore volume. For the second type, the electrodes can be used for controlling the electric field at the pore level, so that the deformation and the pore volume can be influenced locally. Effective constitutive coefficients are computed using characteristic responses of the microstructure. The two-scale modelling procedure is implemented numerically using the finite element method. The macroscopic strain and electric fields are used to reconstruct the corresponding local responses at the pore level. For validation of the models, these are compared with results obtained by direct numerical simulations of the heterogeneous structure; a good agreement is demonstrated, showing relevance of the two-scale numerical modelling approach.
description: This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
title: Portal
title: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Potsdam, Referat Für Presse- Und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Aus dem Inhalt: - Vor der Präsidenten-Wahl: Erwartungen, Wünsche, Vorschläge - Der AStA in der Krise? - Über Satire und Macht in der DDR - Vom Fünf-Sterne-Koch zum Mensaleiter
description: Portal: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung, 04-05/2006
Brief von Isaak Markus Jost an Leopold Zunz an Institut für die Wissenschaft des Judentums, 22.08.1822
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1822
Subjects: subject: 090

description: Entschuldigungsschreiben
Averaging out magnetic forces with fast rf-sweeps in an optical trap for metastable chromium atoms
Creators: name: Beaufils, Q.
name: Chicireanu, R.
name: Pouderous, A.
name: Melo, W. de Souza
name: Laburthe-Tolra, B.
name: Maréchal, E.
name: Vernac, L.
name: Keller, J. C.
name: Gorceix, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel type of time-averaged trap, in which the internal state of the atoms is rapidly modulated to modify magnetic trapping potentials. In our experiment, fast radiofrequency (rf) linear sweeps flip the spin of atoms at a fast rate, which averages out magnetic forces. We use this procedure to optimize the accumulation of metastable chomium atoms into an optical dipole trap from a magneto-optical trap. The potential experienced by the metastable atoms is identical to the bare optical dipole potential, so that this procedure allows for trapping all magnetic sublevels, hence increasing by up to 80 percent the final number of accumulated atoms.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: Portal
title: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Potsdam, Referat Für Presse- Und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Aus dem Inhalt: - Stabwechsel: Wie soll es weitergehen? - Bücher der Geisteswissenschaften nun vereint - Englisch schon im Kindergarten - Marsbilder-Puzzle
description: Portal: Die Potsdamer Universitätszeitung, 10-12/2006