cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigation of macrophage immunosenescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Hassibi, Shyreen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by accelerated aging of the lung. This manifests as a reduction in lung function and increased inflammatory mediators over that observed in age-matched individuals. There is also an increase in senescent cells that produce the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which closely matches the inflammatory profile of COPD. Senescent cells are thought to be cleared by macrophages but in COPD, these cells may have features of immunosenescence as they are more pro-inflammatory and have defective phagocytic function. Whether COPD macrophages are senescent and are able to clear senescent cells is unknown. This thesis hypothesises that COPD macrophages are immunosenescent, shown by increased expression of senescence markers and reduced clearance of senescent cells, compared to cells from age-matched non-smoker subjects. The expression of senescence markers was assessed in age-matched non-smoker and COPD monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) differentiated in GM-CSF and macrophages isolated from lung resection tissue. Markers of senescence were increased in COPD MDM and tissue macrophages, including SASP components IL-6 and CXCL8. Next, the ability of MDM to phagocytose senescent cells was examined. To investigate this, a population of senescent BEAS-2B cells were required to use as bait. Repeated treatment with 50nM doxorubicin induced the highest population of senescent cells, compared to cells treated with etoposide or H2O2. These doxorubicin-induced senescent BEAS-2B cells were fluorescently labelled and then incubated with MDM for 4h and phagocytosis was assessed. COPD MDM patients demonstrated reduced phagocytic clearance of senescent cells compared to NS MDM (~17% reduction, p<0.05). These data indicate that COPD macrophages display features of senescence and show reduced ability to clear senescent cells, compared to NS macrophages. Therefore, the accumulation of senescent cells in COPD may be due to a lack of clearance of senescent cells by immunosenescent-macrophages, but this requires further investigation.
Comment on "A literature review and meta-analysis of the effects of lockdowns on COVID-19 mortality"
Creators: name: Banholzer, Nicolas
name: Lison, Adrian
name: Vach, Werner
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: lockdown
non-pharmaceutical interventions
COVID-19
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610
Economics
Medical sciences, medicine

description: In a recent working paper, Herby et al. conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of lockdowns on COVID-19 mortality. Based on their results, they conclude that "lockdowns have had little to no public health effects'' and that "lockdowns should be rejected out of hand as a pandemic policy instrument'' (p. 2). These strong conclusions have quickly been taken up by the public media. Here, we would like to comment on the paper by Herby et al., thereby raising concerns regarding the subject and conduct of their meta-analysis. Based on these concerns, we argue that their meta-analysis lacks methodological rigor and should thus not be considered as policy advice. In addition, we point towards more general issues regarding the conduct of meta-analyses on the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Assessment of geodetic products from Multi-GNSS analyses at the Onsala site
Creators: name: Diamantidis, Periklis-Konstantinos
name: Klopotek, Grzegorz
name: Haas, Rüdiger
name: Johansson, Jan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: GNSS
Multi-GNSS processing

description: The dawn of Beidou and Galileo as operational Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) alongside Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS as well as new features that are now present in all GNSS, such as a triple-frequency setup, create new possibilities concerning improved estimation and assessment of various geodetic products. In particular, the multi-GNSS analysis gives an access to a better sky coverage allowing for improved estimation of zenith wet delays (ZWD) and tropospheric gradients (GRD), and can be used to determine integer phase ambiguities. The Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX), as realised by the International GNSS Service (IGS), provides orbit, clock and observation data for all operational GNSS. To take advantage of the new capabilities that these constellations bring, space-geodetic software packages have been retrofitted with Multi-GNSS-compliant modules. Based on this, two software packages, namely GipsyX and c5++, are utilised by way of the static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) approach using six months of data, and an assessment of the derived geodetic products is carried out for several GNSS receivers located at the Onsala core site. More specifically, we perform both single-constellation and multi-GNSS data analysis using Kalman filter and least-squares methods and assess the quality of the derived station positions, ZWD and GRD. A combined solution using all GNSS constellations is carried out and the improvement with respect to station position repeatabilities is assessed for each station. Results from the two software packages are compared with respect to each other and the discrepancies are discussed. Inter-system biases, which homogenise the different time scale that each GNSS operates in, and are necessary for the multi-GNSS combination, are estimated and presented. Finally, the applied inter-system weighting and its impact on the derived geodetic products are discussed.
description: EGUsphere
Age-dependent divergent effects of OX40L treatment on the development of diabetes in NOD mice
Creators: name: Haddad, Christine S.
name: Palash Bhattacharya
name: Alharshawi, Khaled
name: Marinelarena, Alejandra
name: Prabhakaran Kumar
name: El-Sayed, Osama
name: Elshabrawy, Hatem A.
name: Epstein, Alan L.
name: Bellur S. Prabhakar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Earlier, we have shown that GM-CSF derived bone marrow (BM) dendritic cells (G-BMDCs) can expand Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) through a TCR-independent, but IL-2 dependent mechanism that required OX40L/OX40 interaction. While some reports have shown suppression of autoimmunity upon treatment with an OX40 agonist, others have shown exacerbation of autoimmune disease instead. To better understand the basis for these differing outcomes, we compared the effects of OX40L treatment in 6-week-old pre-diabetic and 12-week-old near diabetic NOD mice. Upon treatment with OX40L, 6-week-old NOD mice remained normoglycemic and showed a significant increase in Tregs in their spleen and lymph nodes, while 12-week-old NOD mice very rapidly developed hyperglycemia and failed to show Treg increase in spleen or LN. Interestingly, OX40L treatment increased Tregs in the thymus of both age groups. However, it induced Foxp3+CD103+CD38− stable-phenotype Tregs in the thymus and reduced the frequency of autoreactive Teff cells in 6-week-old mice; while it induced Foxp3+CD103−CD38+ labile-phenotype Tregs in the thymus and increased autoreactive CD4+ T cells in the periphery of 12-week-old mice. This increase in autoreactive CD4+ T cells was likely due to either a poor suppressive function or conversion of labile Tregs into Teff cells. Using ex vivo cultures, we found that the reduction in Treg numbers in 12-week-old mice was likely due to IL-2 deficit, and their numbers could be increased upon addition of exogenous IL-2. The observed divergent effects of OX40L treatment were likely due to differences in the ability of 6- and 12-week-old NOD mice to produce IL-2.
MA Module - Contemporary Philosophy and Aesthetics
Creators: name: Golding, Johnny
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Art
subject: Digital Humanities
subject: Gender studies
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Literature
subject: Environmental Humanities
subject: Design

description: Contemporary Philosophy and Aesthetics is the first of two core courses for practice-led art research in Radical Matter in Art Philosophy and the Wild Sciences (MA level). It delves into one of the main methodological approaches for modern and contemporary art / philosophy: namely, dialectics (be it historical, idealist, speculative or real).
Untimely Meditations, the second of the two core courses examines the broad approach of 'rhizomatic' or 'entangled' approaches. It will be uploaded separately.
All lectures are podcast and uploaded to YouTube or can be found at www.cfar-bcu.co.uk.
GATA3 and MDM2 are synthetic lethal in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers
Creators: name: Bianco, Gaia
name: Coto-Llerena, Mairene
name: Gallon, John
name: Taha-Mehlitz, Stephanie
name: Kancherla, Venkatesh
name: Konantz, Martina
name: Srivatsa, Sumana
name: Montazeri, Hesam
name: Panebianco, Federica
name: De Menna, Marta
name: Paradiso, Viola
name: Ercan, Caner
name: Dahmani, Ahmed
name: Montaudon, Elodie
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
name: Kruithof-de Julio, Marianna
name: Terracciano, Luigi M.
name: Lengerke, Claudia
name: et al.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020
Subjects: MDM2
GATA3
breast cancer
nutlins
synthetic lethality
patient-derived organoids
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

description: Synthetic lethal interactions, where the simultaneous but not individual inactivation of two genes is lethal to the cell, have been successfully exploited to treat cancer. GATA3 is frequently mutated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and its deficiency defines a subset of patients with poor response to hormonal therapy and poor prognosis. However, GATA3 is not targetable. Here we show that GATA3 and MDM2 are synthetically lethal in ER-positive breast cancer. Depletion and pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 induce apoptosis in GATA3-deficient models in vitro, in vivo and in patient-derived organoids (PDOs) harboring GATA3 somatic mutation. The synthetic lethality requires p53 and acts via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our results present MDM2 as a novel therapeutic target in the substantial cohort of ER-positive, GATA3-mutant breast cancer patients. With MDM2 inhibitors widely available, our findings can be rapidly translated into clinical trials to evaluate in-patient efficacy.
description: bioRxiv
Study of the liquid-film-forming apparatus as an alternative aeration system: design criteria and operating condition
Creators: name: Narapong Hongprasith
name: Imai, Tsuyoshi
name: Pisut Painmanakul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Aeration is an important factor in aquaculture systems because it is a vital condition for all organisms that live in water and respire aerobically. Generally, mechanical surface aerators are widely used in Thailand due to their advantage for increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) and for their horizontal mixing of aquaculture ponds with large surface areas. However, these systems still have some drawbacks, primarily the low oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) and energy. Regarding this issue, alternative aeration systems should be studied and applied. Therefore, this research aims to study the aeration mechanism obtained by the diffused-air aeration combined with a liquid-film-forming apparatus (LFFA). The effect of gas flow rates, types, and patterns of aerator installation were investigated in an aquaculture pond of 10 m × 10 m × 1.5 m. The analytical parameters were volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), OTE, and aeration efficiency (AE). From the results, the ‘4-D’ with partitions was proposed as the suitable pattern for the LFFA installation. The advantage could be obtained from high energy performance with 1.2 kg/kW h of AE. Then, the operation conditions can be applied as a design guideline for this alternative aeration system in the aquaculture ponds.
A scalable and continuous access to pure cyclic polymers enabled by quarantined heterogeneous catalysts
Creators: name: Yoon, Ki-Young
name: Noh, Jinkyung
name: Gan, Quan
name: Edwards, Julian
name: Tuba, Robert
name: Choi, Tae Lim
name: Grubbs, Robert H.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cyclic polymers
Polymerizations
Depolymerization
Catalyst Recycling
Synthetic Process
Olefin Metathesis
Polymer topology
Heterogeneous
Catalysis

description: Cyclic polymers are topologically interesting and envisioned as a lubricant material. However, scalable synthesis of pure cyclic polymers remains elusive. The most straightforward way is to recycle a used catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic polymers. Unfortunately, it is demanding because of the catalysts vulnerability and inseparability from polymers, which depreciates the practicality of the process. Here, we develop a continuous process streamlined in a circular way that polymerization, polymer separation, and catalyst recovery happen in situ, to dispense a pure cyclic polymer after bulk ring-expansion metathesis polymerization of cyclopentene. It is enabled by introducing silica-supported ruthenium catalysts and a newly-designed glassware. Also, different depolymerization kinetics of the cyclic polymer from its linear analogue is discussed. This process minimizes manual labor, maximizes security of vulnerable catalysts, and guarantees purity of cyclic polymers, thereby showcasing a prototype of a scalable access to cyclic polymers with increased reusability of precious catalysts (415,000 turnovers).
description: ChemRxiv
description: ISSN:2573-2293
Eco-evolutionary simulation of biodiversity gradients
Creators: name: Furness, Euan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Earth’s biodiversity is vast. However, the drivers that have led to this vast biodiversity are not well understood. Biodiversity varies predictably with factors such as latitude, depth, altitude, and time but, despite decades of observational research, it is not clear through what mechanisms these predictors drive the diversification of species. This lack of understanding stems, in large part, from the fact that many putative drivers are correlated in space. At the same time, the spatial and temporal scale of the processes involved make it difficult to study their operation through experiments. Eco-evolutionary simulation tools present an opportunity to circumvent these problems: by independently varying input parameters, simulations can decouple putative drivers of biodiversity that are rarely decoupled in nature. Furthermore, fast computation allows these tools to simulate ecosystems over longer timescales than observational and real-world experimental studies can investigate. In this thesis, the putative drivers of species diversification are discussed, and an eco-evolutionary simulation tool, the Rapid Evolutionary Simulator (REvoSim), is employed to decouple them. A series of case studies are presented, each investigating independently the effects on simulated ecosystems of a different putative driver of species diversification. In addition, existing descriptive models of eco-evolutionary patterns are re-evaluated using simulations and real-world data. This work suggests that many of the putative drivers of species diversification in the real world have the capacity to drive such diversification even in very simple, abstracted systems. Consequently, it is likely that many of these drivers do contribute to observed species diversity gradients in the real world, and that, generally, no single driver is responsible for such gradients. Collectively, this work demonstrates both the potential of simulation systems to recreate and analyse real-world eco-evolutionary patterns, and the difficulties of working on the timescale of the speciation process: a timescale that is poorly understood, where intuitive concepts, such as ‘species’, sometimes fail.
Tropospheric products as a signal of interest – overview of troposphere sensing techniques
Creators: name: Wilgan, Karina
name: Rohm, Witold
name: Bosy, Jaroslaw
name: Geiger, Alain
name: Siddique, Muhammad Adnan
name: Dick, Galina
name: Wickert, Jens
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: The microwave signals passing through the troposphere are delayed by refraction. Its high variations, both in time and space, are caused mainly by water vapor. The tropospheric delay used to be considered only as a source of error that needed to be removed. Nowadays, these delays are also a source of interest. The tropospheric delays or integrated water vapor are being assimilated into nowcasting or numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Moreover, long time series of tropospheric observations have become an important source of information for climate studies. On the other hand, the meteorological data support the space-geodetic community by providing models that can be used to reduce the troposphere impact on the signal propagation. Furthermore, the delays calculated by one microwave technique can be used to mitigate the errors in others.

There are several ways of observing the troposphere, especially considering water vapor. The classical meteorological are: in-situ measurements, radiosondes or radiometers, which allow to sense the amount of water vapor directly. Another, indirect way of observing the water vapor distribution is by using the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). This method is called GNSS meteorology. Other microwave techniques such as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) or Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) are also capable to retrieve the atmospheric information from their signals.

This contribution shows an overview of the troposphere sensing techniques and their applications. We present multi-comparisons of the tropospheric parameters, i.e. refractivity, tropospheric delays in zenith and slant directions and integrated water vapor. The integration of the different data sources often leads to an improved accuracy of the tropospheric products but requires a careful preparation of data. The combination of the data sources allows for using the techniques of complementary properties, for example InSAR with very high spatial resolution with GNSS observations of high temporal resolution. With the emergence of new technologies, some traditional ways of tropospheric measurements can be augmented with the new methods. For example, we have tested meteo-drones as an alternative to radiosondes. The comparisons with GNSS data shows a good agreement of the drone and microwave data, even better than with radiosonde. Moreover, we present the results of the GNSS data assimilation into NWP models and the developments towards multi-GNSS, real-time assimilation of advanced products such as slant delays and horizontal tropospheric gradients.
description: EGUsphere
Halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931 observed from terrestrial image photogrammetry
Creators: name: Schytt Holmlund, Erik Karl Eldar
name: Dehecq, Amaury
name: Hugonnet, Romain
name: Hodel, Elias
name: Huss, Matthias
name: Bauder, Andreas
name: Farinotti, Daniel
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The monitoring of glaciers in Switzerland has a long tradition, yet glacier changes during the 20th century are only known through sparse observations. Here, we estimate a halving of Swiss glacier volumes between 1931 and 2016 by mapping historical glacier elevation changes at high resolution. Our analysis relies on a terrestrial image archive known as TerrA, which covers about 86 % of the Swiss glacierised area with 21,703 images acquired during the period 1916–1947 (1931 on average). We developed a semi-automated workflow to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) from these images, resulting in a 45 % total glacier coverage. Using the geodetic method, we estimate a Swiss-wide glacier mass balance of –0.52 ± 0.09 m w.e. a−1 between 1931 and 2016. This equates to a 51.5 ± 6.1 % loss in glacier volume. We find that low elevation, high debris cover, and gently sloping glacier termini are conductive to particularly high mass losses. In addition to these glacier-specific, quasi- centennial elevation changes, we present a new inventory of glacier outlines with known timestamps and complete attributes from around 1931. The fragmented spatial coverage and temporal heterogeneity of the TerrA archive are the largest sources of uncertainty in our glacier-specific estimates, reaching up to 0.50 m w.e. a−1. We suggest that the high-resolution mapping of historic surface elevations could unlock great potentials also for research fields other than glaciology.
description: The Cryosphere Discussions
description: ISSN:1994-0432
description: ISSN:1994-0440
Rescue and homogenisation of 140 years of glacier mass balance data in Switzerland
Creators: name: Geibel, Lea
name: Huss, Matthias
name: Kurzböck, Claudia
name: Hodel, Elias
name: Bauder, Andreas
name: Farinotti, Daniel
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Glacier monitoring in Switzerland has resulted in some of the longest and most complete data series globally. Mass balance observations at individual locations, starting in the 19th century, are the backbone of the monitoring as they represent the raw and original glaciological data demonstrating the response of snow accumulation and snow/ice melt to changes in climate forcing. So far, however, the variety of sources of historic measurements has not been systematically processed and documented. Here, we present a new complete and extensive point glacier mass balance dataset for the Swiss Alps that provides attributes for data quality and corresponding uncertainties. Original sources were digitized or re-assessed to validate or to correct existing entries and to identify metadata. The sources of data are highly diverse and stem from almost 140 years of records, originating from handwritten field notes, unpublished project documents, various digital sources, published reports, as well as meta-knowledge of the observers. The project resulted in data series with metadata for 63 individual Swiss glaciers, including more than 60'000 point observations of mass balance. Data were systematically analyzed and homogenized, e.g. by supplementing partly missing information based on correlations inferred from direct measurements. A system to estimate uncertainty in all individual observations was developed indicating that annual point balance is measured with a typical error of 0.07 m water equivalent (w.e.), while the average error in winter snow measurements is 0.20 m w.e. Our dataset permits further investigating the climate change impacts on Swiss glaciers. Results show an absence of long-term trends in snow accumulation over glaciers, while melt rates have substantially increased over the last three decades.
description: Earth System Science Data Discussions
description: ISSN:1866-3591
Volume, formation and sedimentation of future glacier lakes in Switzerland
Creators: name: Steffen, Tim
name: Huss, Matthias
name: Estermann, Rebekka
name: Hodel, Elias
name: Farinotti, Daniel
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Ongoing climate change and associated glacier retreat is causing rapid environmental change, including shifts in high-alpine landscapes. Glacier lakes, which can form in topographical depressions left behind by glacier retreat, are prominent features within such landscapes. Whilst model-based estimates for the number and area of future glacier lakes exist for various mountain regions across the world, the exact morphology and temporal evolution remain largely unassessed. Here, we leverage a recently released, measurement-based estimate for the subglacial topography of all glaciers in the Swiss Alps, to provide an estimate about the number, size, time of emergence, as well as sediment infill of future glacier lakes. The topographical information is based on 2,450 km measured ice thickness profiles, whilst the temporal evolution of glaciers is obtained from a glacier evolution model forced with an ensemble of climate projections. We estimate that up to 683 potential lakes with an area > 5,000 m2 and a depth > 5 m could emerge across the Swiss Alps if glaciers were to disappear completely, with the potential to hold a total water volume of up to 1.16 [1.05, 1.32] km3 (numbers and 95 % confidence interval). For a middle-of-the-road climate scenario, we estimate that about 10 % (0.12 [0.04, 0.18] km3) and 48 % (0.56 [0.26, 0.67] km3) of this volume could be realized by 2050 and 2100, respectively. In a first-order assessment, we also estimate that ca. 45 % of the newly emerging glacier lakes (260 out of 570) will be transient features, i.e. will disappear again before the end of the century owing to refilling with sediments released by glacial erosion and proglacial sediment transport.
description: Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions
description: ISSN:2196-6338
Study of Liquid-Film-Forming Apparatus (LFFA) as alternative aeration system: Design criteria and operating condition
Creators: name: Narapong Hongprasith
name: Imai, Tsuyoshi
name: Pisut Painmanakul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Aeration is an important factor in aquaculture systems due to the vital conditions for all organisms that live in water and utilize aerobic respiration. Generally, mechanical surface aerators are widely used in Thailand due to their advantage for increasing DO and for their horizontal mixing of aquaculture ponds with large-surface areas. However, these systems still have some drawbacks, primarily the low oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) and energy. Regarding this issue, alternative aeration systems should be studied and applied. Therefore, this research aims to study the aeration mechanism obtained by the diffused-air aeration combined with a Liquid-Film-Forming Apparatus (LFFA). The effect of gas flow rates, types and patterns of aerator installation were investigated in an aquaculture pond of 10m x 10m x 1.5m. The analytical parameters were volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE), and aeration efficiency (AE). From the results, the “4-D” with partitions was proposed as the suitable pattern for the LFFA installation. The advantage could be obtained from high energy performance with 1.2 kg/kW-hr of AE. Then, the operation conditions can be applied as a design guideline for this alternative aeration system in the aquaculture ponds.
MEXANIKA BOʻLIMINING ASOSIY MAVZULARINI "KVEST" TEXNALOGIYALARI YORDAMIDA OʻRGANISH
Creators: name: Oʻrinboyeva, Kumushoy
name: Raxmonaliyeva, Orzixon
name: Raxmonqulova, Maftuna
name: Xaydarova, Zarifa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu tezisda mexanika fanining asosiy mavzularini "kvest" texnologiyalari yordamida o'rganish jarayoni ko'rib chiqiladi. Mexanika, fizika fanining muhim tarmog'i bo'lib, harakat va kuchlar, materiallar mexanikasi, dinamika va statika kabi asosiy tushunchalarni o'z ichiga oladi. "Kvest" texnologiyalari esa zamonaviy ta'limda interaktivlik va innovatsiyalarni ta'minlaydigan vositalar sifatida ajralib turadi.
Visualization of chicken embryo heart motion
Creators: name: Phan, Ly
name: Rugonyi, Sandra
name: Grimm, Cindy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: We present a geometric surface parameterisation algorithm and multiple visualisation techniques (cross-sectional area and shape change, peristaltic motion, stress/strain, volume change, surface curvature change several visualisation techniques) adapted to the problem of understanding the 4D peristaltic-like motion of the outflow tract (OFT) in an embryonic chick heart. We illustrated the techniques using data from hearts under normal conditions (four embryos), and hearts in which blood flow conditions are altered through OFT banding (four embryos). The overall goal is to create quantitative measures of the temporal heart shape change both within a single subject and between multiple subjects. These measures will help elucidate how altering hemodynamic conditions changes the shape and motion of the OFT walls, which in turn influence the stresses and strains on the developing heart, causing it to develop differently. We take advantage of the tubular shape and periodic motion of the OFT to produce successively lower dimensional visualisations of the cardiac motion (e.g. curvature, volume and cross section) over time, and quantifications of such visualisations. These visualisations enable a more fine-grained understanding of how the contraction wave moves through the OFT and the cross-sectional shape change that accompanies it.
Detection of Alpine Foehn in GNSS-ZWD time series: An innovative application of GNSS Meteorology
Creators: name: Aichinger-Rosenberger, Matthias
name: Brockmann, Elmar
name: Möller, Gregor
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: The atmospheric delay experienced by a signal of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is proportional to the water vapour content along the signal path. This fact is typically exploited in GNSS Meteorology by introducing GNSS derived atmospheric parameters like the Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) in data assimilation schemes. In numerous studies, the positive impact on the (especially precipitation) forecast has been demonstrated. However, while mostly precipitation-related studies represent the current focus of research, other meteorological phenomena might also be investigated by means of GNSS.

The present study represents an initial investigation on the detection of another important meteorological phenomena using GNSS time series: Foehn winds. Foehn denotes a gusty, warm fall wind occurring in mountainous regions worldwide, leading to a relatively mild climate in affected areas. On the other hand, Foehn can also be characterized as severe weather leading to disasters, due to the high wind speeds frequently encountered.

The proposed detection method of Foehn in ZWD time series is based on the significant drying/wetting effects on the lee/luv side of an affected mountain range associated with Foehn. The comparison of ZWD from stations on both sides of the main Alpine ridge reveals characteristic features like distinctive ZWD minima/maxima and significant decrease in correlation between the stations.

In this study we investigate a number of well-documented Foehn events in the Swiss Alps (therefore called Alpine Foehn) using ZWD time series from the Automated GNSS Network Switzerland (AGNES) station network, operated by the Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo). Based on these case studies, an assessment of the usability of GNSS-ZWD for Foehn detection is presented and possible strengths and weaknesses will be analysed. Finally, an outlook on possible improvements and innovative extensions to the presented approach is given. These range from embedment of ZWD data in operational Foehn classification and the application of Machine-Learning techniques for detection, to the establishment of collocated GNSS/weather stations, which come with a number of scientific benefits - not only for Foehn investigations but GNSS Meteorology in general.
description: EMS Annual Meeting Abstracts, 18
description: ISSN:1812-7053
Tropospheric delay parameters derived from GNSS-tracking data of a fast-moving fleet of trains
Creators: name: Aichinger-Rosenberger, Matthias
name: Hanna, Natalia
name: Weber, Robert
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: Electromagnetic signals, as broadcasted by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), are delayed when travelling through the Earth’s atmosphere due to the presence of water vapour. Parametrisations of this delay, most prominently the Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) parameter, have been studied extensively and proven to provide substantial benefits for atmospheric research and especially the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model performance. Typically, regional/global networks of static reference stations are utilized to derive ZTD along with other parameters of interest in GNSS analysis (e.g. station coordinates). Results are typically used as a contributing data source for determining the initial conditions of NWP models, a process referred to as Data Assimilation (DA).

This contribution goes beyond the approach outlined above as it shows how reasonable tropospheric parameters can be derived from highly kinematic, single-frequency (SF) GNSS data. The utilized data was gathered at trains by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and processed using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. Although the special nature of the observations yields several challenges concerning data processing, we show that reasonable results for ZTD estimates can be obtained for all four analysed test cases by using different PPP processing strategies. Comparison with ZTD calculated from ERA5 reanalysis data yields a very high correlation and an overall agreement from the low millimetre-range up to 5 cm, depending on solution and analysed travelling track. We also present the first tests of assimilation into a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model which show the reasonable quality of the results as between 30-100 % of the observations are accepted by the model. Furthermore, we investigate means to transfer the developed ideas to an operational stage in order to exploit the huge benefits (horizontal/temporal resolution) of this special dataset for operational weather forecasting.
description: EGUsphere
Cyber Security Politics: Socio-Technological Transformations and Political Fragmentation
Creators: name: Dunn Cavelty, Myriam
name: Wenger, Andreas
name: Baezner, Marie
name: Cordey, Sean
name: Schünemann, Wolf J.
name: Haunschild, Jasmin
name: Kaufhold, Marc-André
name: Reuter, Christian
name: Bonfanti, Matteo E.
name: Lindsay, Jon R.
name: Eriksson, Johan
name: Giacomello, Giampiero
name: Gomez, Miguel Alberto
name: Whyte, Christopher
name: Lupovici, Amir
name: Steiger, Stefan
name: Brantly, Aaron
name: Jusufi, Islam
name: Eggenschwiler, Jacqueline
name: Steed, Danny
name: Kuerbis, Brenden
name: Badiei, Farzaneh
name: Grindal, Karl
name: Mueller, Milton
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: cyber security
socio-technological uncertainty
Political fragmentation
cyber space
Western perspective
global governance
technology studies
international relations

description: This edited volume by CSS' Myriam Dunn Cavelty and CSS director Andreas Wenger, examines new and challenging political aspects of cyber security and presents it as an issue defined by socio-technological uncertainty and political fragmentation. The first part looks at the current use of cyber space in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state actors in an environment defined by uncertainties. Within this, it highlights four key debates that encapsulate the complexities and paradoxes of cyber security politics from a Western perspective. This book will be of much interest to students of cyber security, global governance, technology studies, and international relations.
description: Dieser Sammelband, herausgegeben von CSS Forscherin Myriam Dunn Cavelty und CSS Direktor Andreas Wenger, untersucht neue und herausfordernde politische Aspekte der Cybersicherheit und präsentiert sie als eine Problematik, welche durch sozio-technologische Unsicherheit und politische Fragmentierung definiert ist. Der erste Teil befasst sich mit der aktuellen Nutzung des Cyberraums in Konfliktsituationen, während sich der zweite Teil auf politische Reaktionen staatlicher und nichtstaatlicher Akteure in einem von Unsicherheiten geprägten Umfeld konzentriert. Darin werden vier Schlüsseldebatten hervorgehoben, welche die Komplexität und Paradoxa der Cybersicherheitspolitik aus westlicher Perspektive zusammenfassen. Dieses Buch wird von grossem Interesse für Studierende der Cybersicherheit, Global Governance, Technologiestudien und internationalen Beziehungen sein.
description: CSS Studies in Security and International Relations
description: ISBN:978-1-003-11022-4
description: ISBN:978-0-367-62674-7
description: ISBN:978-0-367-62664-8
Physical and biochemical changes in sludge upon Tubifex tubifex predation
Creators: name: Valk, Steef De
name: Khadem, Ahmad F.
name: Foreman, Christine M.
name: Lier, Jules B. Van
name: Kreuk, Merle K. De
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Worm predation (WP) on activated sludge leads to increased sludge degradation rates, irrespective of the type of worm used or reactor conditions employed. However, the cause of the increased sludge degradation rates remains unknown. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the physical and biochemical aspects of predated sludge, providing insight into the hydrolytic mechanisms underlying WP. To this end, the sessile worm Tubifex tubifex was used as a model oligochaete and was batch cultivated in an 18-L airlift reactor. Predation on activated sludge showed an average reduction rate of 12 ± 3.8%/d versus 2 ± 1.3%/d for endogenous respirated sludge. Sludge predation resulted in an increased release of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD). The sCOD consisted mainly of polysaccharides; however, fluorescence excitation emission matrix spectroscopy analysis also revealed the presence of Tryptophan-protein-like substances. Results suggest that the released polysaccharides contain a protein-like element. Additionally, soluble iron increased slightly in concentration after WP. The extent of hydrolysis seemed to reach an average plateau of about 40% volatile solids (VS) reduction after 4 days, which is substantially higher than the 29% VS reduction for endogenous decay of activated sludge after 30 days. Furthermore, T. tubifex predominantly consumed the protein fraction of the extracellular polymeric substances. Results suggest that that the worms specifically target a fraction of the sludge that is predominantly biodegradable under aerobic conditions, albeit at significantly higher degradation rates when compared to the endogenous decay of waste activated sludge.
Electromagnetic Quasistatic Field Formulations of Darwin Type
Creators: name: Clemens, Markus
name: Henkel, Marvin-Lucas
name: Kasolis, Fotios
name: Günther, Michael
name: De Gersem, Herbert
name: Schöps, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6; J.6
subject: 78A30, 78M12

description: Electromagnetic quasistatic (EMQS) fields, where radiation effects are neglected, while Ohmic losses and electric and magnetic field energies are considered, can be modeled using Darwin-type field models as an approximation to the full Maxwell equations. Commonly formulated in terms of magnetic vector and electric scalar potentials, these EMQS formulations are not gauge invariant. Several EMQS formulations resulting from different gauge equations are considered and analyzed in terms of their structural properties and their modeling capabilities and limitations. Associated discrete field formulations in the context of the Maxwell-grid equations of the Finite Integration Technique are considered in frequency and time domain and are studied with respect to their algebraic properties. A comparison of numerical simulation results w.r.t. reference solutions obtained with established formulations for the full Maxwell equations are presented.
Not with a Bang But a Computer: An Investigation in Promoting Safe AI Research Based on Lessons Learned from the History of Nuclear Technology Development
Creators: name: Sato, Lucas
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: College students' writings, artificial intelligence, AI, comparative history, nuclear technology

description: This essay won or received an honorable mention for The Boothe Prize for excellence in first-year writing. The Boothe Prize recognizes and rewards outstanding expository and argumentative writing by undergraduate students in first-year classes that satisfy the WR 1 requirement. In each award-winning essay, student writers demonstrate clarity of argument, excellent integration of research-based evidence, and compelling prose style.
This essay takes a comparative historical approach to the two technologies –– nuclear and Artificial Intelligence -- to examine the contextual developments and political-philosophical ramifications of each technology. The author urges us to see past the polarized conversation between “AI doomsayers” and “AI optimists” and learn from the nuclear events of the past before a “potentially catastrophic second dance with the apocalypse.”
PROCEEDINGS the1st Italian-Egyptian Solar Energy Workshop
Creators: name: MARTINIS, DOMENICO DE
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 90608 Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Following the “Science Day” event held on 15 June 2011,the workshop gathered together industries involved in the development and implementation of Concentrated solar power (CSP). The discussion table dedicated to CSP and involving private Italian and Egyptian Enterprises was to provide a boost to the start of industrial activities associated with the CSP in Egypt. The meeting under the auspices of the Italian Embassy in Egypt was facilitated by ENEA, the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development and the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology –ASRT.
Freestanding and Permeable Nanoporous Gold Membranes for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
Creators: name: Wyss, Roman M.
name: Parzefall, Markus
name: Schlichting, Karl-Philipp
name: Gruber, Cynthia M.
name: Busschaert, Sebastian
name: Lightner, Carin Rae
name: Lörtscher, Emanuel
name: Novotny, Lukas
name: Heeg, Sebastian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: porous gold membrane
suspended membrane
nanoscale mass transport
plasmonic nanopore
Raman scattering
SERS
graphene

description: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) demands reliable, high enhancement substrates in order to be used in different fields of application. Here, we introduce freestanding porous gold membranes (PAuM) as easy to produce, scalable, mechanically stable, and effective SERS substrates. We fabricate large-scale sub-30 thick PAuM, that form freestanding membranes with varying morphologies depending on the nominal gold thickness. These PAuM are mechanically stable for pressures up to >3 bar, and exhibit surface-enhanced Raman scattering with local enhancement factors of 104 to 105, which we demonstrate by wavelength-dependent and spatially resolved Raman measurements using graphene as a local Raman probe. Numerical simulations reveal that the enhancement arises from individual, nanoscale pores in the membrane acting as optical slot antennas. Our PAuM are mechanically stable, provide robust SERS enhancement for excitation power densities up to 106Wcm−2, and may find use as a building block in flow-through sensor applications based on SERS.
description: arXiv
Историческая энигма Платона .docx
Creators: name: Popov, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 160609 Political Theory and Political Philosophy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Plato's famous passage Republic 546bcd is considered in the context of my earlier publication " On Plato's Periodic perfect numbers" (1999 )
Geomechanical modelling of spent fluid reinjection in the Hengill geothermal field
Creators: name: Ritz, Vanille
name: Rinaldi, Antonio Pio
name: Colas, Elisa
name: Castilla, Raymi
name: Meier, Peter M.
name: Wiemer, Stefan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020

description: Monitoring micro-seismicity during operations of a geothermal field is critical to the understanding of seismic hazard and changes in the reservoir. In the context of a geothermal project, induced earthquakes are an important tool to enhance the permeability and thus productivity of reservoirs and to image structure and processes. However, felt and/or damaging earthquakes are a major threat to societal acceptance and regulatory license to operate. With the adaptive data-driven tool ATLS (Adaptive Traffic Light System), we aim at managing and mitigating the risk posed by induced earthquakes during stimulation and operations, while at the same time ensuring and optimising the productivity.The demonstration site for the application of ATLS lies in the Hengill volcanic region located in the South-West of Iceland, host to two power plants (Hellisheiði and Nesjavellir) with a total production capacity of 423 MWe and 433MWth. The production of energy and heat is accompanied by reinjection of the spent geothermal water in dedicated areas, both to maintain production and to comply with legal requirements. These reinjection areas have been showing different seismic responses to drilling and injection operations. We investigate these different behaviours by performing numerical modelling for two of the reinjection regions. Two models are compared: TOUGH2-Seed, a full 3-dimensional stochastic simulator and an analytical model based on a cumulative density function linking maximum pressure in the reservoir and reactivation. Those two models fulfil two different aspects of the development of an ATLS, with the full 3D allowing an in-depth dive in the driving mechanisms of induced seismicity; and the analytical solution providing a robust and fast approximation of the forecast for real-time application. We show that both models can reproduce observed seismicity patterns in the Hengill geothermal field.
description: EGUsphere