cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detection of trace levels of circulating tumour DNA in early stage non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Heider, Katrin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: ctDNA
blood spots
cfDNA
liquid biopsy
NSCLC
NGS
cancer
early detection

description: Liquid biopsies, using analytes such as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), can detect and quantify cancer in a minimally invasive way and can provide information on tumour heterogeneity. Current limitations in the liquid biopsy field are centred around the general sensitivity of the present assays and the input and logistical requirements for sensitive detection. While detection rates from liquid biopsy platforms are good when ctDNA levels and tumour burden are high, they are lacking the required sensitivity to detect cancer in the early stage and minimal residual disease setting. Here I present the INtegration of VAriant Reads (INVAR) pipeline, which can greatly enhance the sensitivity of ctDNA detection by utilising large patient specific mutation lists on sequencing data. The methodology can be applied to (custom) capture and (shallow) whole genome sequencing data and detects ctDNA down to parts per million, proving more sensitive than previously published methods. INVAR was applied to samples from 90 treatment naïve patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer to characterise the ctDNA levels and could provide a better sensitivity than comparable cohorts. In addition, I outsourced samples from 27 patients to be analysed with the InVisionSeqTM assay, which does not require a priori tumour information but proved to be less sensitive than INVAR. I also assessed the potential for reducing the logistical burden in ctDNA analysis by sampling minimal blood volumes that do not require immediate processing. I interrogated if ctDNA can be detected from as little as a blood spot and show ctDNA detection using this approach in both, xenograft and human samples. ctDNA detection from blood spots provides a means to sample xenograft models without having to sacrifice the animal, allowing for longitudinal monitoring in this setting. It may also present an opportunity to frequently sample blood from patients and could reduce the logistical burden on sample collection and processing. In the future, after optimising the protocol, this could serve to reduce the complexity of clinical/translational studies. The removal of large DNA fragments using this protocol may also facilitate the analysis of ctDNA from archival cohorts where samples were collected under suboptimal conditions.
Fighting for Choice
Creators: name: Kuhn, Vienna
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: College students' writings, prenatal care, Down syndrome, genetic screening, rhetoric, disability studies

description: This essay won or received an honorable mention for The Boothe Prize for excellence in first-year writing. The Boothe Prize recognizes and rewards outstanding expository and argumentative writing by undergraduate students in first-year classes that satisfy the WR 1 requirement. In each award-winning essay, student writers demonstrate clarity of argument, excellent integration of research-based evidence, and compelling prose style.
This essay examines the widespread practice of prenatal screening for Down syndrome and its startling statistical link to high rates of abortion to highlight the implicit bias against disability that is common in clinical presentations of prenatal care. Drawing on moving first-hand narrative accounts from parents of children with Down’s, her research reveals the flawed rhetoric doctors employ when informing parents of positive results, which are counter to the medical establishment’s Hippocratic oath to “first, do no harm.”
The Invariant Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother
Creators: name: van der Laan, Niels
name: Cohen, Mitchell
name: Arsenault, Jonathan
name: Forbes, James Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an invariant Rauch-Tung- Striebel (IRTS) smoother applicable to systems with states that are an element of a matrix Lie group. In particular, the extended Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother is adapted to work within a matrix Lie group framework. The main advantage of the invariant RTS (IRTS) smoother is that the linearization of the process and measurement models is independent of the state estimate resulting in state-estimate-independent Jacobians when certain technical requirements are met. A sample problem is considered that involves estimation of the three dimensional pose of a rigid body on SE(3), along with sensor biases. The multiplicative RTS (MRTS) smoother is also reviewed and is used as a direct comparison to the proposed IRTS smoother using experimental data. Both smoothing methods are also compared to invariant and multiplicative versions of the Gauss-Newton approach to solving the batch state estimation problem.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, published in Robotics and Automation Letters
Navigation and Control of Unconventional VTOL UAVs in Forward-Flight with Explicit Wind Velocity Estimation
Creators: name: Cohen, Mitchell
name: Forbes, James Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a solution for the state estimation and control problems for a class of unconventional vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) UAVs operating in forward-flight conditions. A tightly-coupled state estimation approach is used to estimate the aircraft navigation states, sensor biases, and the wind velocity. State estimation is done within a matrix Lie group framework using the Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF), which offers several advantages compared to standard multiplicative EKFs traditionally used in aerospace and robotics problems. An SO(3)- based attitude controller is employed, leading to a single attitude control law without a separate sideslip control loop. A control allocator is used to determine how to use multiple, possibly redundant, actuators to produce the desired control moments. The wind velocity estimates are used in the attitude controller and the control allocator to improve performance. A numerical example is considered using a sample VTOL tailsitter-type UAV with four control surfaces. Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate robustness of the proposed control and estimation scheme to various initial conditions, noise levels, and flight trajectories.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, published in Robotics and Automation Letters
Geometry-based structural analysis and design via discrete stress functions
Creators: name: Konstantatou, Marina
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Graphic Statics
Structural Design
Airy Stress Functions
Structural Morphology
Maxwell
Reciprocal Diagrams

description: This PhD thesis proposes a direct and unified method for generating global static equilibrium for 2D and 3D reciprocal form and force diagrams based on reciprocal discrete stress functions. This research combines and reinterprets knowledge from Maxwell’s 19th century graphic statics, projective geometry and rigidity theory to provide an interactive design and analysis framework through which information about designed structural performance can be geometrically encoded in the form of the characteristics of the stress function. This method results in novel, intuitive design and analysis freedoms. In contrast to contemporary computational frameworks, this method is direct and analytical. In this way, there is no need for iteration, the designer operates by default within the equilibrium space and the mathematically elegant nature of this framework results in its wide applicability as well as in added educational value. Moreover, it provides the designers with the agility to start from any one of the four interlinked reciprocal objects (form diagram, force diagram, corresponding stress functions). This method has the potential to be applied in a wide range of case studies and fields. Specifically, it leads to the design, analysis and load-path optimisation of tension-and compression 2D and 3D trusses, tensegrities, the exoskeletons of towers, and in conjunction with force density, to tension-and-compression grid-shells, shells and vaults. Moreover, the abstract nature of this method leads to wide cross-disciplinary applicability, such as 2D and 3D discrete stress fields in structural concrete and to a geometrical interpretation of yield line theory.
The Physical Properties of Changing-look Blazars
Creators: name: Kang, Shi-Ju
name: Lyu, Bing
name: Wu, Qingwen
name: Zheng, Yong-Gang
name: Fan, Junhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Changing-look active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are a special class of AGNs that change their spectral type from type 1 to type 2 or vice versa. In recent years, a number of changing-look blazars (CLBs) were also reported, which transition between flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lacs. The physical properties of CLBs are still unclear. Using the $mclust$ R package for Gaussian Mixture Modeling, we performed a clustering analysis for a sample of 105 CLBs selected from the literature. Three kinds of analysis found that CLBs lie in between the parameter distributions of FSRQs and BL Lacs: (i) univariate analysis; (ii) bivariate analysis; and (iii) multivariate analysis, carried out with a dimension reduction approach of the physical properties of the three types of blazars. Our results suggest that CLBs belong to a transition type between FSRQs and BL Lacs, which may be regulated by the change of accretion process and may be similar to other changing-look AGNs.
description: Published in ApJ. 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
title: Multi-Task Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Xia, Y
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2019

description: The CNN have achieved excellent performance in basic computer vision issues, such as, recognition and detection. However, the CNN is still an immature method, especially on multi-output classification. In traditional machine learning, the classic solution is MTL. The MTL was proposed early and has been an active topic. But, joint research on MTL and CNN are rarely mentioned. Fortunately, there is a successful integration of MTL and NN. And CNN is a typical NN. Especially, CNN is designed for computer vision. Based on the above situation, the mainly contributions of this thesis is the following three parts. Firstly, MTL and CNN is applied to face occlusion detection. This is the first time that MTL and CNN is used for detecting occluded face. The framework adopted the coarse-to-fine strategy, which consists of two CNNs. The first net is a region-based CNN detecting the head from a person upper body image while the second net is a multi-task CNN distinguishing which facial part is occluded from a head image. The experiment results prove that CNN can be integrated with MTL well. Secondly, MTL and CNN is used to jointly recognize vehicle logos and predict their attributes.In view of improving the performance of tasks, two MTL schemes, namely the adaptive weighted task learning and the switchable task learning, are proposed. To verify the algorithm, a large and realistic vehicle logo attributes dataset is prepared, which includes fifteen brands, labeled with six visual attributes and three no-visual attributes. Extensive experiments are conducted in two scenarios, equal priority learning and unequal priority learning, with promising accuracies. Thirdly, we propose a principled approach to design a evolutional tree-like multi-task deep learning framework which can be conveniently connected behind any well-known multi-class classification network and further improve their performance. Our approach starts with a basic multi-class deep architecture and dynamically deepens it during training using a criterion that groups similar tasks together. Extensive evaluation on multi-class classification datasets (MNIST and Cifar10) and multi-label prediction datasets (Berkeley Attributes of People dataset and CelebA) suggests that the models produced by the proposed method outperforms the strong baseline.
Juan José León Ibarra. Misceláneas científicas
Creators: name: PABLO MARIN OLAN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: History

description: A más de seis décadas de haberse difundido algunos textos del médico Juan José León, por Francisco J. Santamaría, nuevas pesquisas en acervos documentales nos ha permitido conocer algunos de sus textos que habían permanecido inéditos, así como también ciertos datos biográficos de este notable médico de origen campechano.A pesar de que muchos de los textos reunidos en esta edición fueron publicados en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, muestran un cúmulo de saberes médicos integralesque estuvieron en su momento asociados a la botánica, la genética y el entorno geográfico. Esta tríada de saberes, está presente en los diferentes ensayos de Juan JoséLeón que componen la presente obra.A más de ciento cincuenta años de la aparición de los escritos de Juan J. León, y teniendo como contexto científico el reavivamiento de la etnobotánica, la fitoterapia y la fitoquímica, se ha diseminado la preocupación por conservar los recursos bióticos del planeta, explorar formas alternativas de medicina a base de plantas, así como un notable interés científico por realizar investigaciones para descubrir las propiedades del reino vegetal que combatan de manera eficaz las enfermedades propias de nuestra época; es precisamente en este contexto epocal donde la presente obra podría cobrar algún significado para las generaciones presentes y futuras.
La colonización extranjera en Tabasco después de la Intervención Francesa.
Creators: name: PABLO MARIN OLAN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: History

description: La idea que deseo desarrollar en este ensayo es que el combate hacia la monarquía por parte de los liberales mexicanos fue, en gran medida, una lucha por imponer una forma de gobierno, pero no significó un cambio por instaurar una nueva versión de modernización. Por el contrario, la continuidad de la versión modernizante basada en el poblamiento y la colonización que existió en las élites mexicanas antes y después de la intervención francesa, nos permite ver a contrapelo que tanto liberales como conservadores compartieron una misma versiónde modernización del país.
Metal–organic supramolecular compounds self-assembled from [Mg(H2O)6]2+ clusters and ferrocene-containing carboxylic acids to inverse lipid-like layered structures with good pH response
Creators: name: Xiuling Xu
name: Yihong Lu
name: Hu, Fan
name: Letian Xu
name: Shuai, Qi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Two metal–organic supramolecular compounds, [Mg(H2O)6]·2FcCO2·2H2O (1) and [Mg(H2O)6]·2FcCOC6H4CO2·2H2O (2), were prepared by solvothermal synthesis. The solids exhibit non-covalent self-assembly and layered structures with unprecedented inverse lipid-like bilayer arrangements. Further investigations revealed that the layered structures were sensitive to pH changes. The proposed synthesis method in this report would allow development of new types of pH-responsive materials.
Modern Code Reviews -- Survey of Literature and Practice
Creators: name: Badampudi, Deepika
name: Unterkalmsteiner, Michael
name: Britto, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Modern Code Review (MCR) is a lightweight alternative to traditional code inspections. While secondary studies on MCR exist, it is unknown whether the research community has targeted themes that practitioners consider important. Objectives: The objectives are to provide an overview of MCR research, analyze the practitioners' opinions on the importance of MCR research, investigate the alignment between research and practice, and propose future MCR research avenues. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study to survey state of the art until and including 2021, employed the Q-Methodology to analyze the practitioners' perception of the relevance of MCR research, and analyzed the primary studies' research impact. Results: We analyzed 244 primary studies, resulting in five themes. As a result of the 1,300 survey data points, we found that the respondents are positive about research investigating the impact of MCR on product quality and MCR process properties. In contrast, they are negative about human factor- and support systems-related research. Conclusion: These results indicate a misalignment between the state of the art and the themes deemed important by most survey respondents. Researchers should focus on solutions that can improve the state of MCR practice. We provide an MCR research agenda that can potentially increase the impact of MCR research.
Metal-organic supramolecular compounds self-assembled from [Mg(H2O)6]2+ clusters and ferrocene-containing carboxylic acids to inverse lipid-like layered structures with good pH response
Creators: name: Xiuling Xu
name: Yihong Lu
name: Hu, Fan
name: Letian Xu
name: Shuai, Qi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Two metal-organic supramolecular compounds, [Mg(H2O)6]·2FcCO2·2H2O (1) and [Mg(H2O)6]·2FcCOC6H4CO2·2H2O (2), were prepared by solvothermal synthesis. The solids exhibit noncovalent self-assembly and layered structures with unprecedented inverse lipid-like bilayer arrangements. Further investigations revealed that the layered structures were sensitive to pH changes. The proposed synthesis method in this report would allow development of new types of pH-responsive materials.
An approach for performance requirements verification and test environments generation
Creators: name: Abdeen, Waleed
name: Chen, Xingru
name: Unterkalmsteiner, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Model-based testing (MBT) is a method that supports the design and execution of test cases by models that specify the intended behaviors of a system under test. While systematic literature reviews on MBT in general exist, the state of the art on modeling and testing performance requirements has seen much less attention. Therefore, we conducted a systematic mapping study on model-based performance testing. Then, we studied natural language software requirements specifications in order to understand which and how performance requirements are typically specified. Since none of the identified MBT techniques supported a major benefit of modeling, namely identifying faults in requirements specifications, we developed the Performance Requirements verificatiOn and Test EnvironmentS generaTion approach (PRO-TEST). Finally, we evaluated PRO-TEST on 149 requirements specifications. We found and analyzed 57 primary studies from the systematic mapping study and extracted 50 performance requirements models. However, those models don't achieve the goals of MBT, which are validating requirements, ensuring their testability, and generating the minimum required test cases. We analyzed 77 Software Requirements Specification (SRS) documents, extracted 149 performance requirements from those SRS, and illustrate that with PRO-TEST we can model performance requirements, find issues in those requirements and detect missing ones. We detected three not-quantifiable requirements, 43 not-quantified requirements, and 180 underspecified parameters in the 149 modeled performance requirements. Furthermore, we generated 96 test environments from those models. By modeling performance requirements with PRO-TEST, we can identify issues in the requirements related to their ambiguity, measurability, and completeness. Additionally, it allows to generate parameters for test environments.
Assessing light pollution in vast areas: zenith sky brightness maps of Catalonia
Creators: name: Linares, Hector
name: Ribas, Eduard Masana Salvador J
name: García-Gil, Manuel
name: Aubé, Martin
name: de Miguel, Alejandro Sánchez
name: Simoneau, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zenith sky brightness maps in the V and B bands of the region of Catalonia are presented in this paper. For creating them we have used the light pollution numerical model Illumina v2. The maps have a sampling of 5x5 km for the whole region with an improved resolution of 1x1 km for one of the provinces within Catalonia, Tarragona. Before creating the final maps, the methodology was tested successfully by comparing the computed values to measurements in nineteen different locations spread out throughout the territory. The resulting maps have been compared to the zenith sky brightness world atlas and also to Sky Quality Meter (SQM) dynamic measurements. When comparing to measurements we found small differences mainly due to mismatching in the location of the points studied, and also due to differences in the natural sky brightness and atmospheric content. In the comparison to the world atlas some differences were expected as we are taking into account the blocking effect of topography and obstacles, and also due to a more precise light sources characterization. The results of this work confirm the conclusion found in other studies that the minimum sampling for studying sky brightness fine details is of 1x1 km. However, a sampling of 5x5 km is interesting when studying general trends, mainly for vast areas, due to the reduction of the time required to create the maps.
description: 32 pag, 17 figures
Quench Performance of the First Pre-series AUP Cryo-assembly
Creators: name: Baldini, M.
name: Chlachidze, G.
name: Apollinari, G.
name: Dimarco, J.
name: Feher, S.
name: Nikolic, V.
name: Orris, D.
name: Rabehl, R.
name: Stoynev, S.
name: Strauss, T.
name: Tartaglia, M.
name: Vouris, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will include eight cryo-assemblies that are expected to be fabricated and delivered to CERN by the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) as part of the U.S. contributions to the HL-LHC. These cryostat assemblies are the quadrupole magnetic components of the HL-LHC Q1 and Q3 inner triplet optical elements in front of the two interaction points. Each cryo-assembly consists of two 4.2 m long Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets with aperture 150 mm and operating gradient 132.6 T/m. The first pre-series cryo-assembly has been fabricated and successfully tested at the horizontal test facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. In this manuscript we report the quench test results of the LQXFA/B-01 cryo-assembly. The primary objective of the horizontal test is full cryo-assembly qualification and validation of the performance requirements.
description: MT28 International Conference on Magnet Technology, Accepted Version
SoD$^2$: Statically Optimizing Dynamic Deep Neural Network
Creators: name: Niu, Wei
name: Agrawal, Gagan
name: Ren, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Though many compilation and runtime systems have been developed for DNNs in recent years, the focus has largely been on static DNNs. Dynamic DNNs, where tensor shapes and sizes and even the set of operators used are dependent upon the input and/or execution, are becoming common. This paper presents SoD$^2$, a comprehensive framework for optimizing Dynamic DNNs. The basis of our approach is a classification of common operators that form DNNs, and the use of this classification towards a Rank and Dimension Propagation (RDP) method. This framework statically determines the shapes of operators as known constants, symbolic constants, or operations on these. Next, using RDP we enable a series of optimizations, like fused code generation, execution (order) planning, and even runtime memory allocation plan generation. By evaluating the framework on 10 emerging Dynamic DNNs and comparing it against several existing systems, we demonstrate both reductions in execution latency and memory requirements, with RDP-enabled key optimizations responsible for much of the gains. Our evaluation results show that SoD$^2$ runs up to $3.9\times$ faster than these systems while saving up to $88\%$ peak memory consumption.
Reduced kinase activity of polo kinase Cdc5 affects chromosome stability and DNA damage response in S. cerevisiae
Creators: name: Chetan C. Rawal
name: Riccardo, Sara
name: Pesenti, Chiara
name: Ferrari, Matteo
name: Marini, Federica
name: Pellicioli, Achille
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Polo-like kinases (PLKs) control several aspects of eukaryotic cell division and DNA damage response. Remarkably, PLKs are overexpressed in several types of cancer, being therefore a marker of bad prognosis. As such, specific PLK kinase activity inhibitors are already used in clinical trial and the regulation of PLK activation is a relevant topic of cancer research. Phosphorylation of threonine residues in the T-loop of the kinase domain is pivotal for PLKs activation. Here, we show that T238A substitution in the T-loop reduces the kinase activity of Cdc5, the only PLK in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with minor effect on cell growth in unperturbed conditions. However, the cdc5-T238A cells have increased rate of chromosome loss and gross chromosomal rearrangements, indicating altered genome stability. Moreover, the T238A mutation affects timely localization of Cdc5 to the spindle pole bodies and blocks cell cycle restart after one irreparable double-strand break. In cells responding to alkylating agent metylmethane sulfonate (MMS), the cdc5-T238A mutation reduces the phosphorylation of Mus81-Mms4 resolvase and exacerbates the MMS sensitivity of sgs1Δ cells that accumulate Holliday junctions. Of importance, the previously described checkpoint adaptation defective allele, cdc5-ad does not show reduced kinase activity, defective Mms4 phosphorylation and genetic interaction with sgs1Δ. Our data define the importance of regulating Cdc5 activity through T-loop phosphorylation to preserve genome integrity and respond to DNA damage.
Predatory behaviour of alpine (Ichthyosaura alpestris) and smooth (Lissotriton vulgaris) newts towards conspecific and heterospecific eggs and larvae
Creators: name: Onoufrios Mettouris
name: Sinos Giokas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Consumption of conspecific and heterospecific eggs and larvae is common in many animal taxa, including many amphibians. Adult newts (Amphibia Urodela) often co-occur temporally and spatially with conspecific and heterospecific newt eggs and larvae, and adult individuals may benefit from their consumption, but little is known on the degree of discrimination in the newts’ predatory behaviour towards them. We performed two laboratory experiments to examine whether adult male and female alpine, Ichthyosaura alpestris (Laurenti 1768), and smooth, Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus 1758), newts discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific eggs and larvae in their predatory behaviour. In our study, eight out of 64 newts succeeded in consuming eggs, although 3 times as many attacked them. We found no differences in predatory behaviour towards conspecific and heterospecific eggs, or between males and females in either species. Similarly, we found no evidence for the occurrence of discriminative predatory behaviour towards conspecific and heterospecific larvae. In our experiments the criterion for whether a newt would consume a prey item (egg or larva) was not the prey’s identity (species), but the newts’ ability to detect, capture and/or ingest it. Our results suggest that newts of both species follow an opportunistic foraging strategy, consuming whatever prey of appropriate size they manage to capture.
Entry-Specific Bounds for Low-Rank Matrix Completion under Highly Non-Uniform Sampling
Creators: name: Xi, Xumei
name: Yu, Christina Lee
name: Chen, Yudong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Low-rank matrix completion concerns the problem of estimating unobserved entries in a matrix using a sparse set of observed entries. We consider the non-uniform setting where the observed entries are sampled with highly varying probabilities, potentially with different asymptotic scalings. We show that under structured sampling probabilities, it is often better and sometimes optimal to run estimation algorithms on a smaller submatrix rather than the entire matrix. In particular, we prove error upper bounds customized to each entry, which match the minimax lower bounds under certain conditions. Our bounds characterize the hardness of estimating each entry as a function of the localized sampling probabilities. We provide numerical experiments that confirm our theoretical findings.
Isolation and characterization of a perchlorate-reducing Acinetobacter bereziniae strain GWF
Creators: name: Yuanyuan Zhang
name: Jianbo Lu
name: Jianbo Guo
name: Wang, Qian
name: Lian, Jing
name: Yajun Wang
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Jingliang Yang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: A novel strain, Acinetobacter bereziniae strain GWF(KM062029), was isolated from anaerobic activated sludge. The complete 16S rDNA sequence showed that strain GWF has closest homology (100%) with A. bereziniae strain BENAB7 (HE651923.1) and A. bereziniae strain ATCC 17924 (HE651922.1). Strain GWF is a Gram-negative, non-fermentative facultative anaerobe. The optimum growth conditions were shown to be 30 °C, pH 7.5 and acetate-to-perchlorate ratio of 10, respectively. In this study, anthraquinone-1-sulfonate (α-AQS) was the best redox mediator in the perchlorate reduction, and the optimum concentration range was 1.067 mmol/L. The perchlorate reduction rate was enhanced 1.33-fold using 1.067 mmol/L α-AQS. Meanwhile, strain GWF could not withstand the effect of concomitant anions (nitrate, chlorate, chlorite). The concomitant anions constants were 30 mg/L and 1.0 mmol/L for nitrate and chlorate, respectively. Chlorite completely inhibited the perchlorate reduction, and the inhibition did not depend on the concentration of chlorite.
A CHECKLIST OF DOLICHOPODIDAE (DIPTERA) SPECIES FROM RUSSIAN AND CHINESE FAR EASTERN MAINLAND
Creators: name: I.Ya., Grichanov
name: Chursina, M.A.
name: Wang, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity, Biogeography, Chinese Mainland, Dolichopodidae, East Palaearctic, Primorsky Kray, Siberia

description: The dolichopodid fauna of continental Chinese and Russian regions belonging to the East Palaearctic have been selected for a comparative diversity investigation. Information is gathered about 652 species of long-legged flies in the studied areas. The data base is prepared in form of a checklist of Dolichopodidae species known from Chinese and Russian Far Eastern mainland (Excel 2007). Version 2a includes species from the Sakhalin Island (Selivanova, O. V., Grichanov, I. Ya., 2022). In all, 680 species are listed.
Convective Mixing: The Formation Channel of Li-rich Giants
Creators: name: Li, Xuefeng
name: Shi, Jianrong
name: Li, Yan
name: Yan, Hongliang
name: Zhang, Jinghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasing observed data indicate that part of giants has abnormally high lithium (Li) inside their surface, and their proportion is around 1%. Instead of pursuing the feasible mechanisms for extra Li enrichment, we focus on how to inhibit Li depletion from the main sequence (MS) phase of giants. With this in mind, we find that convective mixing is capable of achieving this goal and forming Li-rich giants, which is mainly attributed to the convection model with the convective boundary defined by the Ledoux criterion. Another factor in the formation of Li-rich giants in our convection models is related to the Li abundances of their progenitors. If the Li abundances of the progenitors exceed the meteoritic value (3.3 dex), then the majority of giants will be rich in Li. This is the general pattern of stellar Li abundance evolution without factoring in extra Li depletion. We propose that other Li depletion processes should also be adopted in the future, as they may be the key to the 1% puzzle.
description: Main text: 12 pages, 10 figures; Appendix: 5 pages, 5 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Mathematical Model for Two Solutes Transport in a Poroelastic Material and Its Applications
Creators: name: Cherniha, Roman
name: Stachowska-Pietka, Joanna
name: Waniewski, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Using well-known mathematical foundations of the elasticity theory, a mathematical model for two solutes transport in a poroelastic material (soft tissue is a typical example) is suggested. It is assumed that molecules of essentially different sizes dissolved in fluid and are transported through pores of different sizes. The stress tensor, the main force leading to the material deformation, is taken not only in the standard linear form but also with an additional nonlinear part. The model is constructed in 1D space and consists of six nonlinear equations. It is shown that the governing equations are integrable in stationary case, therefore all steady-state solutions are constructed. The obtained solutions are used in an example for healthy and tumour tissue, in particular, tissue displacements are calculated and compared for parameters taken from experimental data in cases of the linear and nonlinear stress tensors. Since the governing equations are non-integrable in non-stationary case, the Lie symmetry analysis is used in order to construct time-dependent exact solutions. Depending on parameters arising in the governing equations, several special cases with non-trivial Lie symmetries are identified. As a result, multi-parameter families of exact solutions are constructed including those in terms of special functions(hypergeometric and Bessel functions). A possible application of the solutions obtained is demonstrated.
description: 6 figures
Frequency of Frequencies Distributions and Size-Dependent Exchangeable Random Partitions
Creators: name: Mingyuan Zhou
name: Favaro, Stefano
name: Walker, Stephen G
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Motivated by the fundamental problem of modeling the frequency of frequencies (FoF) distribution, this article introduces the concept of a cluster structure to define a probability function that governs the joint distribution of a random count and its exchangeable random partitions. A cluster structure, naturally arising from a completely random measure mixed Poisson process, allows the probability distribution of the random partitions of a subset of a population to be dependent on the population size, a distinct and motivated feature that makes it more flexible than a partition structure. This allows it to model an entire FoF distribution whose structural properties change as the population size varies. An FoF vector can be simulated by drawing an infinite number of Poisson random variables, or by a stick-breaking construction with a finite random number of steps. A generalized negative binomial process model is proposed to generate a cluster structure, where in the prior the number of clusters is finite and Poisson distributed, and the cluster sizes follow a truncated negative binomial distribution. We propose a simple Gibbs sampling algorithm to extrapolate the FoF vector of a population given the FoF vector of a sample taken without replacement from the population. We illustrate our results and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed models through the analysis of real text, genomic, and survey data. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
GC. 9.2.3 - « Psychologie »
Creators: name: Canguilhem, Georges (1904-1995)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: created: start=1930;end=1939
Frequency of Frequencies Distributions and Size Dependent Exchangeable Random Partitions
Creators: name: Mingyuan Zhou
name: Favaro, Stefano
name: Walker, Stephen G
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Motivated by the fundamental problem of modeling the frequency of frequencies (FoF) distribution, this paper introduces the concept of a cluster structure to define a probability function that governs the joint distribution of a random count and its exchangeable random partitions. A cluster structure, naturally arising from a completely random measure mixed Poisson process, allows the probability distribution of the random partitions of a subset of a population to be dependent on the population size, a distinct and motivated feature that makes it more flexible than a partition structure. This allows it to model an entire FoF distribution whose structural properties change as the population size varies. A FoF vector can be simulated by drawing an infinite number of Poisson random variables, or by a stick-breaking construction with a finite random number of steps. A generalized negative binomial process model is proposed to generate a cluster structure, where in the prior the number of clusters is finite and Poisson distributed, and the cluster sizes follow a truncated negative binomial distribution. We propose a simple Gibbs sampling algorithm to extrapolate the FoF vector of a population given the FoF vector of a sample taken without replacement from the population. We illustrate our results and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed models through the analysis of real text, genomic, and survey data.
A Simultaneous Equation Approach to Estimating HIV Prevalence with Non-Ignorable Missing Responses
Creators: name: Marra, Giampiero
name: Radice, Rosalba
name: Bärnighausen, Till
name: Wood, Simon N.
name: McGovern, Mark E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Estimates of HIV prevalence are important for policy in order to establish the health status of a country's population and to evaluate the effectiveness of population-based interventions and campaigns. However, participation rates in testing for surveillance conducted as part of household surveys, on which many of these estimates are based, can be low. HIV positive individuals may be less likely to participate because they fear disclosure, in which case estimates obtained using conventional approaches to deal with missing data, such as imputation-based methods, will be biased. We develop a Heckman-type simultaneous equation approach which accounts for non-ignorable selection, but unlike previous implementations, allows for spatial dependence and does not impose a homogeneous selection process on all respondents. In addition, our framework addresses the issue of separation, where for instance some factors are severely unbalanced and highly predictive of the response, which would ordinarily prevent model convergence. Estimation is carried out within a penalized likelihood framework where smoothing is achieved using a parametrization of the smoothing criterion which makes estimation more stable and efficient. We provide the software for straightforward implementation of the proposed approach, and apply our methodology to estimating national and sub-national HIV prevalence in Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Zambia.
Linear Model Selection when Covariates Contain Errors
Creators: name: Xinyu Zhang
name: Haiying Wang
name: Yanyuan Ma
name: Carroll, Raymond J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Prediction precision is arguably the most relevant criterion of a model in practice and is often a sought after property. A common difficulty with covariates measured with errors is the impossibility of performing prediction evaluation on the data even if a model is completely given without any unknown parameters. We bypass this inherent difficulty by using special properties on moment relations in linear regression models with measurement errors. The end product is a model selection procedure that achieves the same optimality properties that are achieved in classical linear regression models without covariate measurement error. Asymptotically, the procedure selects the model with the minimum prediction error in general, and selects the smallest correct model if the regression relation is indeed linear. Our model selection procedure is useful in prediction when future covariates without measurement error become available, e.g., due to improved technology or better management and design of data collection procedures.
Efficient synthesis of xanthenedione derivatives using cesium salt of phosphotungstic acid as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst in water
Creators: name: Thakur, Ashima
name: Sharma, Alka
name: Sharma, Abha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 has been reported to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene from aldehydes and 1,3-cyclohexanedione/dimedone in water. This approach is environmentally benign with clean synthetic procedure, short reaction time, easy workup procedure, excellent yield, and regeneration of catalyst, which made this protocol efficient and safe.
Efficient Synthesis of Xanthenedione Derivatives Using Cesium Salt of Phosphotungstic Acid as a Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst in Water
Creators: name: Thakur, Ashima
name: Sharma, Alka
name: Sharma, Abha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene from aldehydes and 1,3-cyclohexanedione/dimedone in water has been reported. This approach is environmentally benign with clean synthetic procedure, short reaction time, easy work-up procedure, excellent yield and regeneration of catalyst which made this protocol efficient and safe.