cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantifying polarization changes induced by rotating Dove prisms and K-mirrors
Creators: name: Karan, Suman
name: Ruchi
name: Mohta, Pranay
name: Jha, Anand K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dove prisms and K-mirrors are devices extensively used for rotating the wavefront of an optical field. These devices have several applications, including measurement of orbital angular momentum, microscopy, beam steering and pattern recognition. However, the wavefront rotation achieved through these devices is always accompanied by polarization changes in the incident field, which is an undesirable feature in many of these applications. Although the polarization changes induced by a Dove prism have been explored to quite some extent, no such study is available for a K-mirror. In this letter, we theoretically and experimentally investigate polarization changes induced in the transmitted field by a rotating K-mirror. For quantifying such polarization changes, we define a quantity, mean polarization change D, which ranges from 0 to π. We find that K-mirrors can reduce D to about 0.03π, for any incident state of polarization; however, reducing D to the same extent with a Dove prism is practically unviable. Therefore, K-mirrors are better alternatives to Dove prisms in applications in which the polarization changes accompanying wavefront rotation need to be minimum.
description: Main text: 12 pages, Supplementary Information: 11 pages
Analytic Computation of Three-point Energy Correlator in QCD
Creators: name: Yang, Tong-Zhi
name: Zhang, Xiaoyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy correlator measures the energy deposited in multiple detectors as a function of the angles among them. In this paper, an analytic formula is given for the three-point energy correlator with full angle dependence at leading order in electron-positron annihilation. This is the first analytic computation of trijet event shape observables in QCD, which provides valuable data for phenomenological studies. The result is computed with direct integration, where appropriate parameterizations of both phase space and kinematic space are adopted to simplify the calculation. With full shape dependence, our result provides the expansions in various kinematic regions such as equilateral, triple collinear and squeezed limits, which benefit studies on both factorization and large logarithm resummation.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 3 of Hypnotherapy for procedural pain, itch, and state anxiety in children with acute burns: a feasibility and acceptability study protocol
Creators: name: Geagea, Dali
name: Griffin, Bronwyn
name: Kimble, Roy
name: Polito, Vince
name: Terhune, Devin B.
name: Tyack, Zephanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Psychometrics and characteristics of self-report and proxy-report outcome measurement tools.
Melting of spin ice state and development of fifth order susceptibility with magnetic field in pyrochlore Tb2Sn2O7
Creators: name: Singh, Karan
name: Ranaut, Dheeraj
name: Sharma, G.
name: Mukherjee, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pyrochlores offer an ideal playground to investigate the magnetic ground state of frustrated magnetic systems. In this class of materials, competition between various magnetic interactions remains frustrated and prevents an ordered magnetic state at low temperatures. Tb2Sn2O7 has recently attracted significant attention due to its ordered spin-ice state. Additionally, in such systems, application of external magnetic field might result in exotic magnetic states. Our current investigation on Tb2Sn2O7 reveal the presence of a new phase associated with fifth order susceptibility at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. In this compound, at zero fields, for a stabilized spin-ice state, the singlet-singlet state separated by δ play an imperative role. Under magnetic fields, δ increases and the Zeeman energy associated with the magnetic anisotropy is believed to get enhanced; which can be the key ingredient for evolution of higher-order moments, above 10 kOe, in this compound.
description: Accepted in New J. Phys. (2022)
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 5 (1)]
Creators: name: Francischus De Oldratis
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1300
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Francischus de Oldratis, Sohn des verstorbenen Cambus, wohnhaft in Chiavenna in der Diözese Como, erklärt, im Namen seiner Frau Madalena de Pigotiis, Tochter des verstorbenen Antonius, von Caterina de Pigoziis, ebenfalls Tochter des verstorbenen Antonius und Witwe des Stefanus de Caranciis, einen Geldbetrag als Zins für die Güter in Brissago erhalten zu haben.
Emergence of low temperature glassy dynamics in Ru substituted non magnetic insulator CaHfO3
Creators: name: Kaur, Gurpreet
name: Mukherjee, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non magnetic insulators/semiconductors with induced magnetism introduced via transition metal substitution are one of the promising materials in the field of spintronic, magnetoelectronics and magneto optical devices. In this context, here, we focus on magnetism induced in a non magnetic insulator CaHfO3, by the substitution of 4d element Ru, at Hf site. Structural investigations indicate that substitution of Ru4+ (up to 50%) does not affect the original crystal structure of the parent compound. Magnetic studies divulge a crossover from a diamagnetic to paramagnetic state with 20% Ru substitution. Further replacement of Hf results in a glassy magnetic state in CaHf1-xRuxO3 (0.3 < x < 0.5). The nature of the low temperature glassiness (below 20 K) in these compositions is confirmed through Vogel Fulcher and Power law, along with, magnetic memory effect and relaxation dynamics. The observed glassiness is explained through the phenomenological hierarchical model. Our studies indicate that the presence of competing short range interactions among randomly arranged Ru cations in non magnetic insulator CaHfO3 are responsible for the observed low temperature magnetic state in this series with compositions > 0.25.
description: Accepted in J. Phys. Condens. Matter (2022)
La fille du lion d'or (suite)
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Additional file 1 of The impact of stigma on HIV testing decisions for gay, bisexual, queer and other men who have sex with men: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Iott, Bradley E.
name: Loveluck, Jimena
name: Benton, Akilah
name: Golson, Leon
name: Kahle, Erin
name: Lam, Jason
name: Bauermeister, José A.
name: Veinot, Tiffany C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 5 (14)]
Creators: name: Dauidinus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1351
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Dauidinus de Restaliis, Sohn des verstorbenen Ambroxius de Restaliis, aus der Nachbarschaft von St. Pauli in Cremona verkauft mit dem Einverständnis des Symoninus de Sancto Syllo, praepositus des Klosters St. Cataldi in Cremona, dem Nichollus de Schiciis, Sohn des verstorbenen [...] de Schiciis, letzterer in Vertretretung seiner Frau Batelina, Tochter des verstorbenen Bertolinus de Bentenoliis, ein Stück Land, gelegen im Stadtgebiet Cremonas.
A Clear View of a Cloudy Brown Dwarf Companion from High-Resolution Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Xuan, Jerry W.
name: Wang, Jason
name: Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste
name: Knutson, Heather
name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Mollière, Paul
name: Kolecki, Jared
name: Vigan, Arthur
name: Mukherjee, Sagnick
name: Wallack, Nicole
name: Wang, Ji
name: Baker, Ashley
name: Bartos, Randall
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Bond, Charlotte Z.
name: Bryan, Marta
name: Calvin, Benjamin
name: Cetre, Sylvain
name: Chun, Mark
name: Delorme, Jacques-Robert
name: Doppmann, Greg
name: Echeverri, Daniel
name: Finnerty, Luke
name: Fitzgerald, Michael P.
name: Horstman, Katelyn
name: Inglis, Julie
name: Jovanovic, Nemanja
name: López, Ronald
name: Martin, Emily
name: Morris, Evan
name: Pezzato, Jacklyn
name: Ragland, Sam
name: Ren, Bin
name: Ruane, Garreth
name: Sappey, Ben
name: Schofield, Tobias
name: Skemer, Andrew
name: Venenciano, Taylor
name: Wallace, J. Kent
name: Wizinowich, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct imaging studies have mainly used low-resolution spectroscopy ($R\sim20-100$) to study the atmospheres of giant exoplanets and brown dwarf companions, but the presence of clouds has often led to degeneracies in the retrieved atmospheric abundances (e.g. C/O, metallicity). This precludes clear insights into the formation mechanisms of these companions. The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) uses adaptive optics and single-mode fibers to transport light into NIRSPEC ($R\sim35,000$ in $K$ band), and aims to address these challenges with high-resolution spectroscopy. Using an atmospheric retrieval framework based on petitRADTRANS, we analyze KPIC high-resolution spectrum ($2.29-2.49~μ$m) and archival low-resolution spectrum ($1-2.2~μ$m) of the benchmark brown dwarf HD 4747 B ($m=67.2\pm1.8~M_{\rm{Jup}}$, $a=10.0\pm0.2$ au, $T_{\rm eff}\approx1400$ K). We find that our measured C/O and metallicity for the companion from the KPIC high-resolution spectrum agree with that of its host star within $1-2σ$. The retrieved parameters from the $K$ band high-resolution spectrum are also independent of our choice of cloud model. In contrast, the retrieved parameters from the low-resolution spectrum are highly sensitive to our chosen cloud model. Finally, we detect CO, H$_2$O, and CH$_4$ (volume mixing ratio of log(CH$_4$)=$-4.82\pm0.23$) in this L/T transition companion with the KPIC data. The relative molecular abundances allow us to constrain the degree of chemical disequilibrium in the atmosphere of HD 4747 B, and infer a vertical diffusion coefficient that is at the upper limit predicted from mixing length theory.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Constraining the overcontact phase in massive binary evolution -- II. Period stability of known O+O overcontact systems
Creators: name: Abdul-Masih, Michael
name: Escorza, Ana
name: Menon, Athira
name: Mahy, Laurent
name: Marchant, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given that mergers are often invoked to explain many exotic phenomena in massive star evolution, understanding the evolutionary phase directly preceding a merger, the overcontact phase, is of crucial importance. Despite its importance, large uncertainties exist in our understanding of the evolution of massive overcontact binaries. We aim to provide robust observational constraints on the future dynamical evolution of massive overcontact systems by measuring the rate at which the periods change for a sample of six such objects. Furthermore, we aim to investigate whether the periods of unequal mass systems show higher rates of change than their equal mass counterparts as theoretical models predict. Using archival photometric data from various ground- and space-based missions covering up to ~40 years, we measure the periods of each system over several smaller time spans. We then fit a linear regression through the measured periods to determine the rate at which the period is changing over the entire data set. We find that all of the stars in our sample have very small period changes and that there does not seem to be a correlation with the mass ratio. This implies that the orbital periods for these systems are stable on the nuclear timescale, and that the unequal mass systems may not equalize as expected. When comparing our results with population synthesis distributions, we find large discrepancies between the expected mass ratios and period stabilities. We find that these discrepancies can be mitigated to a degree by removing systems with shorter initial periods, suggesting that the observed sample of overcontact systems may originate from binary systems with longer initial orbital periods.
description: 11 pages, 6 (+5) Figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Supersymmetry Breaking and the Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Banks, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review three attempts to explain the small value of the cosmological constant, and their connection to SUSY breaking. They are The String Landscape, Supersymmetric Large Extra Dimensions (SLED), and the Holographic Space-time Formalism invented by Fischler and myself.
description: 50 pages LaTeX2e, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A. The section on Supersymmetric Large Extra Dimensions is derived from C. Burgess' marvelous Les Houches lectures on this topic, arXiv:1309.4133 . This version corrects many typos and missing references from the previous one. Third version has corrections to references
C'est d'un jeune garçon et d'une jeune fille (fin)
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Magnetic Reconnection in Black-Hole Magnetospheres: Lepton Loading into Jets, Superluminal Radio Blobs, and Multi-wavelength Flares
Creators: name: Kimura, Shigeo S.
name: Toma, Kenji
name: Noda, Hirofumi
name: Hada, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei launch relativistic jets, as indicated by observed superluminal radio blobs. The energy source of these jets is widely discussed in the theoretical framework of Blandford-Znajek process, the electromagnetic energy extraction from rotating black holes (BHs), while formation mechanism of the radio blobs in the electromagnetically-dominated jets has been a long-standing problem. Recent high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetically arrested disks exhibited magnetic reconnection in a transient magnetically-dominated part of the equatorial disk near the BH horizon, which led to a promising scenario of efficient MeV gamma-ray production and subsequent electron-positron pair loading into BH magnetosphere. We develop this scenario to build a theoretical framework on energetics, timescales and particle number density of the superluminal radio blobs and discuss observable signatures in other wavebands. We analytically show that the non-thermal electrons emit broadband photons from optical to multi-MeV bands. The electron-positron pairs produced in the magnetosphere are optically thick for synchrotron-self absorption, so that the injected energy is stored in the plasma. The stored energy is enough to power the superluminal radio blobs observed in M87. This scenario predicts rather dim radio blobs around Sgr A*, which are consistent with no clear detection by current facilities. In addition, this scenario inevitably produces strong X-ray flares in a short timescale, which will be detectable by future X-ray satellites.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL
Understanding the neutron noise induced by fuel assembly vibrations in linear theory
Creators: name: Demazière, Christophe
name: Rouchon, Amélie
name: Zoia, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: •Special emphasis in CORTEX on fuel assembly vibrations
 • Different patterns noticed in the spatial dependence of the induced neutron noise
 • Purpose of this work:
 To explain the spatial structure of the neutron noise for fuel assembly vibrations
MESOECONOMIC MARKET ANALYSIS BASED ON SELECTED BIG DATA TOOLS – THE CASE OF WOOD MARKET TRENDS IN POLAND UNDER ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY
Creators: name: SYLWIA, KLUS
name: ANNA, TOPCZEWSKA
name: ZUZANNA, URBANOWICZ
name: LESZEK, WANAT
name: SYLWIA, KLUS
name: ANNA, TOPCZEWSKA
name: ZUZANNA, URBANOWICZ
name: LESZEK, WANAT
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Production Economics
subject: mesoeconomics
subject: wood market
subject: economic uncertainty
subject: Big Data
subject: e-commerce analysis
subject: Poland

description: The paper discusses selected trend changes in the Polish wood-based products market under conditions of economic uncertainty. From a mesoeconomic approach, using Big Data resources and online e-commerce tools, the wood market was analyzed from the perspective of demand and online user activity. In terms of time scope, the research covered the period 2019-2021, including the pandemic year. Secondary data based on Google Ads and Google Analytics were analyzed. The study used selected open-source analytical tools, including Google Keyword Planner and Data Studio. The controversial hypothesis, which assumes that potential demand for wood and wood-based products shows a sustainable trend even under economic uncertainty, was verified. The findings were visualized and discussed. Finally, the rationale for confirming the assumed hypothesis was not obtained. However, the results of the research proved to be interesting, out of the box. It turned out that the popularity and multifaceted use of wood is not limited by typical boundaries. The consequence of the market situation is a growing demand for wood, but at the same time a supply deficit. This is a challenge for the wood market benchmarking and formulating practical recommendations for economic policy in the wood-based sector in Poland.
When do defaults stick and when are they ethical? - taxonomy, systematic review and design recommendations
Creators: name: Lemken, Dominic
name: Lemken, Dominic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: nudging, opt-out, opt-in, status quo, choice architecture, defaulting, welfare analysis

description: In many instances, default nudges are proven to be strong drivers of behavior. However, a number of ethical concerns have been raised. Both, nudge success and ethical concerns, depend heavily on the features of the default nudge, with some of them being shared by defaults in all settings. We systematically review the scientific literature on default nudges from various disciplines and investigate nudge success and ethical concerns with respect to seven main features: (1) the initial state of the choice architecture, (2) the invasiveness, (3) the psychological effect mechanism, (4) the purpose, (5) the visibility, (6) the customization, and (7) the disclosure of the default. When designing a default, as researcher or practitioner, a full consideration of these features is advised. Often enough, choice architects are not aware of the design options. In a nutshell, the welfare losses suffered through the initial choice architecture are often overlooked. Customizations and disclosures of defaults are scarcely used despite easing ethical concerns without negatively affecting nudge success. The psychological effect mechanism, with several ethical implications, remains a theoretical relict that is not empirically researched. Default framing in combination with a choice structuring default can lead to greater nudge success.
description: Highlights: • Universal Design recommendations • Elaboration of the issue of undesirable defaults in daily lives • Several research gaps in designing default nudges
Clearing the Brush: The Last Stand of Solo Small Field Inflation
Creators: name: Bramante, Joseph
name: Downes, Sean
name: Lehman, Landon
name: Martin, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By incorporating both the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the measured value of the spectral index, we set a bound on solo small field inflation of $Δϕ/ m_{Pl} \geq 1.00 \sqrt{r/0.1}$. Unlike previous bounds which require monotonic $ε_V,$ $|η_V| <1$, and 60 e-folds of inflation, the bound remains valid for non-monotonic $ε_V$, $|η_V| \gtrsim 1$, and for inflation which occurs only over the 8 e-folds which have been observed on the cosmic microwave background. The negative value of the spectral index over the observed 8 e-folds is what makes the bound strong; we illustrate this by surveying single field models and finding that for $r \gtrsim 0.1$ and 8 e-folds of inflation, there is no simple potential which reproduces observed CMB perturbations and remains sub-Planckian. Models that are sub-Planckian after 8 e-folds must be patched together with a second epoch of inflation that fills out the remaining $\sim 50$ e-folds. This second, post-CMB epoch is characterized by extremely small $ε_V$ and therefore an increasing scalar power spectrum. Using the fact that large power can overabundantly produce primordial black holes, we bound the maximum energy level of the second phase of inflation.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, references added, published in PRD
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 5 (30)]
Creators: name: Symonius
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1354
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Symon de Sancto Syllo, praepositus des Klosters St. Cataldi in Cremona, belehnt den Betus de Tado aus Cavatigozzi, Sohn des verstorbenen Thomaxius, und seinen Sohn Thomaxinus mit einigen Liegenschaftem im Ort Cavatigozzi für einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren.
The Sparkler: Evolved High-Redshift Globular Clusters Captured by JWST
Creators: name: Mowla, Lamiya A.
name: Iyer, Kartheik G.
name: Desprez, Guillaume
name: Estrada-Carpenter, Vicente
name: Martis, Nicholas S.
name: Noirot, Gaël
name: Sarrouh, Ghassan T.
name: Strait, Victoria
name: Asada, Yoshihisa
name: Abraham, Roberto G.
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Sawicki, Marcin
name: Willott, Chris J.
name: Bradac, Marusa
name: Doyon, René
name: Gould, Kate
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Pacifici, Camilla
name: Ravindranath, Swara
name: Zabl, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data from JWST, we analyze the compact sources ("sparkles") located around a remarkable $z_{\rm spec}=1.378$ galaxy (the "Sparkler") that is strongly gravitationally lensed by the $z=0.39$ galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327. Several of these compact sources can be cross-identified in multiple images, making it clear that they are associated with the host galaxy. Combining data from JWST's {\em Near-Infrared Camera} (NIRCam) with archival data from the {\em Hubble Space Telescope} (HST), we perform 0.4-4.4$μ$m photometry on these objects, finding several of them to be very red and consistent with the colors of quenched, old stellar systems. Morphological fits confirm that these red sources are spatially unresolved even in strongly magnified JWST/NIRCam images, while JWST/NIRISS spectra show [OIII]5007 emission in the body of the Sparkler but no indication of star formation in the red compact sparkles. The most natural interpretation of these compact red companions to the Sparkler is that they are evolved globular clusters seen at $z=1.378$. Applying \textsc{Dense Basis} SED-fitting to the sample, we infer formation redshifts of $z_{form} \sim 7-11$ for these globular cluster candidates, corresponding to ages of $\sim 3.9-4.1$ Gyr at the epoch of observation and a formation time just $\sim$0.5~Gyr after the Big Bang. If confirmed with additional spectroscopy, these red, compact "sparkles" represent the first evolved globular clusters found at high redshift, could be amongst the earliest observed objects to have quenched their star formation in the Universe, and may open a new window into understanding globular cluster formation. Data and code to reproduce our results will be made available at \faGithub\href{https://niriss.github.io/sparkler.html}{http://canucs-jwst.com/sparkler.html}.
description: Submitted to ApJL. Comments are welcome. Data and code to reproduce our results will be made available at niriss.github.io/sparkler.html
title: Grain growth simulation in aluminium casting processes
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Pruckner, Bernhard
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Kornwachstum
subject: Zellularautomat
subject: Grain Growth
subject: Cellular Automaton

description: In dieser Arbeit wird die Implementierung einer Kornwachstumssimulation für eine Aluminium-Kupfer-Legierung vorgestellt. Zwei getrennte Einzelphysik-Solver werden gekoppelt; ein Zellularer Automat (CA) zur Simulation des Kornwachstums auf einer mesoskopischen Skala und ein makroskopischer Solver, der den Erstarrungsprozess mit einer Finite-Volumen (FV)-Methode simuliert und die Temperaturverteilung liefert. Diese Solver werden zu einer CAFV-Simulation gekoppelt, die die makroskopisch berechnete Temperaturverteilung und die mesoskopische Kornverteilung für Erstarrungsprozesse einer Schmelze liefert. Die durch den FV-Solver gegebene zeitabhängige Temperaturverteilung wird von einem CA-Algorithmus zur Bestimmung des Kornwachstums verwendet. Die Daten auf dem numerischen Gitter des einen Solvers, das als Punktwolke gespeichert wird, werden interpoliert und auf den anderen gekoppelten Solver abgebildet. Somit hatein Solver Zugriff auf die Ausgabewerte des anderen Solvers. Interpolation und Mapping werden durch eine Kopplungsbibliothek gehandhabt, die einen schnellen und einfachen Weg zur Erstellung einer Multiphysik-Simulation durch Kopplung mehrerer Einzelphysik-Solver ermöglicht.
description: In this work the implementation of a grain growth simulation for an aluminum-copper alloy will be presented. Two seperate single-physics solvers will be coupled; a Cellular Automaton (CA) to simulate grain growth on a mesoscopic scale and a macroscopic solver, that simulates the solidification process using a finite-volume (FV) method and provides the temperature distribution. These solvers will be coupled together to a CAFV simulation, that provides the macroscopically calculated temperature distribution and the mesoscopic grain distribution for solidification processes of a melt. The time dependenttemperature distribution given by the FV solver will be used by a CA algorithmto determine the grain growth. The data on the numerical grid of one solver, which is stored as a cloud of points, is interpolated and mapped onto the other coupled solver. Thus one solver has access to the output values of the other solver. Interpolation and mapping will be handled by a coupling library, which allows for a quick and easy way to establish a multi-physics simulation by coupling several single-physics solvers.
Plant traits, biotopes and urbanization dynamics explain the survival of endangered urban plant populations
Creators: name: Planchuelo, Greg
name: Kowarik, Ingo
name: Von Der Lippe, Moritz
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: anthropogenic biotopes
subject: biodiversity conservation
subject: endangered plant species
subject: plant traits
subject: population monitoring
subject: population persistence
subject: urban ecosystems
subject: urbanization changes

description: With accelerating urbanization, the urban contribution to biodiversity conservation becomes increasingly important. Previous research shows that cities can host many endangered plant species. However, fundamental questions for urban nature conservation remain open: to what extent and where can endangered plant species persist in the long term and which mechanisms underlie population survival? We evaluate the survival of 858 precisely monitored populations of 179 endangered plant species in Berlin, Germany, by assessing population survival throughout different urban ecosystems over a period of 7.6 years on average. By linking population survival to various landscape variables and plant traits, we unravel the underlying drivers. More than one–third of populations went extinct during the observation period. Population survival was inversely correlated to the increase in impervious surfaces in the vicinity following the first 11 years after the fall of the Berlin wall. Additionally, populations in semi‐natural habitats like forests and bogs were surprisingly more prone to local extinction than populations in anthropogenic habitats. Survival was highest for competitive species with a preference for drier soils (Ellenberg indicator for soil humidity). Synthesis and applications. Considerable levels of local population extinction demonstrate that the presence of endangered plants cannot be directly linked with their long‐term survival in cities. However, the survival of remaining populations indicates opportunities for urban biodiversity conservation both within and outside conservation areas. The elucidated links between population survival, urbanization dynamics, biotope class and species traits support urban conservation strategies that reduce the proportion of impervious surface, prioritize conservation management in forests and grasslands and explore the opportunities of green spaces and built‐up areas.
Simulation view of galaxy clusters with low X-ray surface brightness
Creators: name: Ragagnin, Antonio
name: Andreon, Stefano
name: Puddu, Emanuella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray selected samples are known to miss galaxy clusters that are gas poor and have a low surface brightness. This is different for the optically selected samples such as the X-ray Unbiased Selected Sample (XUCS). We characterise the origin of galaxy clusters that are gas poor and have a low surface-brightness by studying covariances between various cluster properties at fixed mass using hydrodynamic cosmological simulations. We extracted approx. 1800 galaxy clusters from a high-resolution Magneticum hydrodynamic cosmological simulation and computed covariances at fixed mass of the following properties: core-excised X-ray luminosity, gas fraction, hot gas temperature, formation redshift, concentration, galaxy richness, fossilness parameter, and stellar mass of the bright central galaxy. We also compared the correlation between concentration and gas fractions in non-radiative simulations, and we followed the trajectories of particles inside galaxy clusters to assess the role of AGN depletion on the gas fraction. In simulations and in observational data, differences in surface brightness are related to differences in gas fraction. Simulations show that the gas fraction strongly correlates with assembly time, in the sense that older clusters are gas poor. Clusters that formed earlier have lower gas fractions because the feedback of the active galactic nucleus ejected a significant amount of gas from the halo. When the X-ray luminosity is corrected for the gas fraction, it shows little or no covariance with other quantities. Older galaxy clusters tend to be gas poor and possess a low X-ray surface brightness because the feedback mechanism removes a significant fraction of gas from these objects. Moreover, we found that most of the $L_X$ covariance with the other quantities is explained by differences in the gas fraction.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 5 (2)]
Creators: name: Gnacius
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1350
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Gnacius de Robellis, canoncius der plebs St. Mariae de Platena [in Cremona], belehnt Donpatus de Tomaxiis, archipresbyter dieser plebs, mit seiner canonica und seinem Benefiziat für einen Zeitraum von neun Jahren.
Investigating English Speaking Difficulties that Encounter ESL Learners
Creators: name: Suliman, Wesam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: speaking difficulties, lack of motivation, mother tongue, anxiety, shyness

description: This study investigates English-speaking difficulties encountered by high school students in some private schools in Abu Dhabi. It aims to find out the factors that influence on the students’ English speaking performance negatively and highlight some recommendations to enhance the Englishspeaking competency of students. To achieve the mentioned objectives, qualitative research that includes class observations and interviews was employed. The findings demonstrate that students face several speaking difficulties such as linguistics problems, using mother tongue and oral communication apprehension. Furthermore, it was revealed that there are some influential factors that cause speaking deficiency such as: Teachers’ perceptions toward speaking instruction, teaching methods and lack of exposure to English. Hopefully, current study would be beneficial for educators, researchers, students, English supervisors, curriculum and syllabus designers in Ministry of Education. In addition, further studies should be implemented to highlight speaking English strategies that increase interest and willingness of students to participate in oral discussions.
Low-Light Hyperspectral Image Enhancement
Creators: name: Li, Xuelong
name: Li, Guanlin
name: Zhao, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to inadequate energy captured by the hyperspectral camera sensor in poor illumination conditions, low-light hyperspectral images (HSIs) usually suffer from low visibility, spectral distortion, and various noises. A range of HSI restoration methods have been developed, yet their effectiveness in enhancing low-light HSIs is constrained. This work focuses on the low-light HSI enhancement task, which aims to reveal the spatial-spectral information hidden in darkened areas. To facilitate the development of low-light HSI processing, we collect a low-light HSI (LHSI) dataset of both indoor and outdoor scenes. Based on Laplacian pyramid decomposition and reconstruction, we developed an end-to-end data-driven low-light HSI enhancement (HSIE) approach trained on the LHSI dataset. With the observation that illumination is related to the low-frequency component of HSI, while textural details are closely correlated to the high-frequency component, the proposed HSIE is designed to have two branches. The illumination enhancement branch is adopted to enlighten the low-frequency component with reduced resolution. The high-frequency refinement branch is utilized for refining the high-frequency component via a predicted mask. In addition, to improve information flow and boost performance, we introduce an effective channel attention block (CAB) with residual dense connection, which served as the basic block of the illumination enhancement branch. The effectiveness and efficiency of HSIE both in quantitative assessment measures and visual effects are demonstrated by experimental results on the LHSI dataset. According to the classification performance on the remote sensing Indian Pines dataset, downstream tasks benefit from the enhanced HSI. Datasets and codes are available: \href{https://github.com/guanguanboy/HSIE}{https://github.com/guanguanboy/HSIE}.
Double Mode Cepheids from the Zwicky Transient Facility Survey
Creators: name: Shah, Vishwangi
name: Chen, Xiaodian
name: de Grijs, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-mode Cepheids pulsate simultaneously in more than one mode of oscillation. They provide an independent means to test stellar models and pulsation theories. They can also be used to derive metallicities. In recent years, the number of known multi-mode Cepheids has increased dramatically with the discovery of a large number of Galactic double-mode Cepheids. To date, 209 double-mode Cepheids have been detected in the Galactic bulge and disk, mostly based on the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment's (OGLE) catalog. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive search for double-mode Cepheids in the northern sky based on Zwicky Transient Facility Data Release 5. We found 72 such objects in the Milky Way. The periods of the 30 sample objects already included in the OGLE catalog show excellent agreement with the OGLE periods. The period ratios of our new Cepheids are consistent with those of known double-mode Cepheids, as evidenced by their loci in the so-called `Petersen diagram'. Compared with OGLE, the completeness of our double-mode Cepheid sample is around 71\%. The much improved temporal sampling of the Zwicky Transient Facility offers significant scope to find more double-mode Cepheids, especially at the distribution's short-period end.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication in ApJS
Observation of inverse Anderson transitions in Aharonov-Bohm topolectrical circuits
Creators: name: Wang, Haiteng
name: Zhang, Weixuan
name: Sun, Houjun
name: Zhang, Xiangdong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that Anderson transition is a disorder-induced metal-insulator transition.Contrary to this conventional wisdom, some investigations have shown that disorders could destroy the phase coherence of localized modes in flatbands, making the localized states melt into extended states. This phenomenon is called the inverse Anderson transition. While, to date, the experimental observation of inverse Anderson transitions is still lacking. In this work, we report the implementation of inverse Anderson transitions based on Aharonov-Bohm topolectrical circuits. Different types of disorders, including symmetric-correlated, antisymmetric-correlated and uncorrelated disorders, can be easily implemented in Aharonov-Bohm circuits by engineering the spatial distribution of ground settings. Through the direct measurements of frequency-dependent impedance responses and time-domain voltage dynamics, the inverse Anderson transitions induced by antisymmetric-correlated disorders are clearly observed. Moreover, the flat bands and associated spatial localizations are also fulfilled in clean Aharonov-Bohm circuits or Aharonov-Bohm circuits sustaining symmetric-correlated and uncorrelated disorders, respectively. Our proposal provides a flexible platform to investigate the interplay between the geometric localization and Anderson localization, and could have potential applications in electronic signal control.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Identification and characterization of genes that regulate mitochondrial dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Salazar-Vasquez, Nathaly
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Mitochondria are essential organelles for eukaryotic cells, particularly for neurons, which have high-energy demands and do not store glycolytic reserves. Instead, neurons rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to meet their energy demands. In addition to energy generation, mitochondria also mediate processes as diverse as sugar and fatty acid breakdown, steroid and lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Given the critical role of mitochondria in cellular physiology, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the etiology of multiple diseases and disorders. Mitochondrial function is regulated by changes in organelle size, number, and morphology, and these mitochondrial dynamics are the result of the balanced processes of fission/fusion and mitophagy.  In addition, mitochondria interact with various motor and adaptor proteins for mitochondrial transport within the cell, which is particularly important for meeting the energy needs of distal synapses in neurons. Fission, fusion, mitophagy and transport have been found to be fairly conserved across various organisms. Some of the genes that mediate these processes are known, but we do not fully understand how they are regulated, how they are coordinated with each other or how these processes change in response to stress or age. Overall, much remains to be understood with respect to mitochondrial dynamics and transport, specifically in neurons. In the following thesis work I used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to study mitochondria in neurons. I examined how the dynamics of fusion and fission are affected in response to oxygen deprivation. In addition, I performed a forward genetic screen to identify novel proteins that may play a role or regulate aspects of mitochondrial dynamics and transport in the neuron even under non-stress conditions. Through this screen, I found new alleles of a known player, DRP-1, in the fission pathway. I also identified two novel genes, MTX-2 and UNC-44, that may play a role in the transport of mitochondria out of the cell body. Finally, in collaboration with postdoc Natalia Morsci, I examined how microtubule motors and the fission/fusion machinery work together to regulate mitochondrial dynamics in the C. elegans neuron. These findings point the fact that although the basic machinery of mitochondrial dynamics and transport is somewhat understood, in the neuron and potentially other types of cells, there are additional genes that play important roles. Understanding more about these biological processes can shine light on disruptions of mitochondrial dynamics and transport that are linked to human health.
Galaxy source counts at 7.7 $μ$m, 10 $μ$m and 15 $μ$m with the James Webb Space Telescope
Creators: name: Ling, Chih-Teng
name: Kim, Seong Jin
name: Wu, Cossas K. -W.
name: Goto, Tomotsugu
name: Kilerci, Ece
name: Hashimoto, Tetsuya
name: Lin, Yu-Wei
name: Wang, Po-Ya
name: Ho, Simon C. -C.
name: Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present mid-infrared galaxy number counts based on the Early Release Observations obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at 7.7-, 10- and 15-$μ$m (F770W, F1000W and F1500W, respectively) bands of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). Due to the superior sensitivity of JWST, the 80 percent completeness limits reach 0.32, 0.79 and 2.0 $μ$Jy in F770W, F1000W and F1500W filters, respectively, i.e., $\sim$100 times deeper than previous space infrared telescopes such as Spitzer or AKARI. The number counts reach much deeper than the broad bump around $0.05\sim0.5$ mJy due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions. An extrapolation towards fainter flux from the evolutionary models in the literature agrees amazingly well with the new data, where the extrapolated faint-end of infrared luminosity functions combined with the cosmic star-formation history to higher redshifts can reproduce the deeper number counts by JWST. Our understanding of the faint infrared sources has been confirmed by the observed data due to the superb sensitivity of JWST.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Advanced numerical simulation and modelling for reactor safety - Contributions from the CORTEX, McSAFER and METIS projects
Creators: name: Demazière, C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: simulation, modelling, reactor safety

description: Presentation at the 10th European Commission Conference on EURATOM Research and Training in Safety of Reactor Systems (FISA 2022), Lyon, France, May 30-June 3, 2022.
Dynamic scaling and stochastic fractal in nucleation and growth processes
Creators: name: Lahiri, Amit
name: Hassan, Md. Kamrul
name: Blasius, Bernd
name: Kurths, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of nucleation and growth models of a stable phase (S-phase) is investigated for various different growth velocities. It is shown that for growth velocities $v\sim s(t)/t$ and $v\sim x/τ(x)$, where $s(t)$ and $τ$ are the mean domain size of the metastable phase (M-phase) and the mean nucleation time respectively, the M-phase decays following a power law. Furthermore, snapshots at different time $t$ are taken to collect data for the distribution function $c(x,t)$ of the domain size $x$ of M-phase are found to obey dynamic scaling. Using the idea of data-collapse we show that each snapshot is a self-similar fractal. However, for $v={\rm const.}$ like in the classical Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) model and for $v\sim 1/t$ the decay of the M-phase are exponential and they are not accompanied by dynamic scaling. We find a perfect agreement between numerical simulation and analytical results.
description: 10 pages, 8 captioned figures
Putting together wavelet-based scaleograms and convolutional neural networks for anomaly detection in nuclear reactors.
Creators: name: Thanos TAGARIS
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: A critical issue for the safe operation of nuclear power plants is to quickly and accurately detect possible anomalies and perturbations in the reactor. Defects in operation are principally identified through changes in the neutron flux, as captured by detectors placed at various points inside and outside of the core. This work presents a novel technique for anomaly detection on nuclear reactor signals through the combined use of wavelet-based analysis and convolutional neural networks. In essence, the wavelet transform is applied to the signals and the corresponding scaleograms are produced, which are subsequently used to train a convolutional neural network that detects possible perturbations in the reactor core. The overall methodology is experimentally validated on a set of simulated nuclear reactor signals generated by a well established relevant tool. The obtained results indicate that the trained network achieves high levels of accuracy in failure detection, while at the same time being robust to noise.