Halipeurus kermadecensis
Creators: name: Palma, Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phthiraptera
Philopteridae
Halipeurus
Halipeurus kermadecensis

description: Halipeurus kermadecensis (Johnston & Harrison, 1912)
Lipeurus kermadecensis Johnston & Harrison, 1912: 365, fig. 1. Type host: Pterodroma neglecta neglecta (Schlegel, 1863). Holotype nymph in MONZ.
Lipeurus diversus var. excavatus Johnston & Harrison, 1912: 366, fig. 2. Type host: Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel, 1863). Two syntypes Ƥ in MONZ.
Halipeurus kermadecensis; Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 164.
Halipeurus kermadecensis; Timmermann, 1960: 327, fig. 8.
Halipeurus (Halipeurus) kermadecense (sic); Edwards, 1961: 150, figs 3Q– 7Q.
Halipeurus (Halipeurus) kermadecensis; Timmermann, 1965: 137, fig. 87.
Halipeurus kermadecensis; Watt, 1971: 236, fig. 5.
Halipeurus kermadecensis; Emerson, 1972: 80.
Halipeurus (Halipeurus) kermadecensis; Price et al., 2003: 187.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
Types
Ex Pterodroma neglecta neglecta: Holotype nymph of Lipeurus kermadecensis, Kermadec Is, New Zealand, 1907–1908, W.R.B. Oliver (MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, syntypes of Lipeurus diversus excavatus, Kermadec Is, New Zealand, 1907–1908, W.R.B. Oliver (MONZ).
Non-types
Ex Pterodroma neglecta neglecta: 43, 1Ƥ, Rapa I., Austral Group (Tubuai Is) French Polynesia, Feb. 1922, R.H. Beck (MONZ); 1Ƥ, Ducie I., Pitcairn Group, South Pacific Ocean, 3 Jan. 1935, E.J. Gerberg, “Crocker Expedition” (KCEM); 43, 4Ƥ, Kermadec Is, N.Z., 6 Aug. 1944, N o 52 (CMNZ; NHML); 23, 4Ƥ, Raoul I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 20 Aug. 1944, J.H. Sorensen, DM 11376 (MONZ); 13, 2Ƥ, Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 30 Oct. 1962, G.A. Samuelson, 210 (NHML); 13, 3Ƥ, Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 17 Mar. 1963, C.M. Clark (BPBM; NHML); 243, 20Ƥ, Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 29–31 Dec. 1966, D.E. Crockett & J.C. Watt (NZAC; MONZ; RLCP; NHML); 13, 1Ƥ, Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 20 Jan. 1967, D. Merton (MONZ); 83, 8Ƥ, North Meyer I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 23 Mar. 1973, J. Ireland (NZAC; MONZ; RLCP); 93, 10Ƥ, Baixo do Sueste, Trindade I., Brazil, South Atlantic Ocean, 28 Dec. 1975, S.L. Olson, USNM 503731 (MONZ); 13, 3Ƥ, Cuvier I., N.Z., 27 Jan. 1976, S.M. Reed (MONZ); 113, 11Ƥ, Chanter I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 13 Oct. 1976, A.N. Baker (MONZ); 63, 6Ƥ, Raoul I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 1983, A.W. Blundell (MONZ); 43, 3Ƥ, Omamari (35o52’S- 173o40’E), Northland, N.Z., 22 Mar. 1986, G. Carlin (MONZ); 83, 8Ƥ, Henderson I., Pitcairn Group, South Pacific Ocean, 20 Jul. 1991, J.N. Jolly, E176251 (MONZ); 13, 3Ƥ, Raivavae I., Austral Group (Tubuai Is) French Polynesia, Jul. 1992, G. McCormack (MONZ); 13, New Zealand, no date (MONZ); 13, Bass Rocks, Tubuai Is, French Polynesia, no date (AMNH). Ex Pterodroma neglecta juana Mathews, 1935: 13, 3Ƥ, Santa Clara I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile, 27 Feb. 2004, P. Scofield (MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Masatierra I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile, no date, RLE 28 (NHML, 1954-251); 53, 4Ƥ, Masatierra I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile, no date (AMNH).
Ex Pterodroma neglecta (not identified to subspecies): 2Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, 24 Nov. 1964, POBSP 2044 (USNM); 23, 3Ƥ, Arno Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, no date (AMNH).
Ex Pterodroma externa (Salvin, 1875): 63, 15Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, 21–22 Jul. 1964, POBSP 1762-1767 (KCEM; USNM); 13, 1Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, 8 Aug. 1964, POBSP 1907 (USNM); 13, 2Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, 23–24 Nov. 1964, POBSP 2043, 2045 (USNM); 13, Pacific Ocean, 13o07’N- 170o20’W, 11 Dec. 1964, POBSP 3989 (USNM); 43, 4Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, off Chile, 5 Apr. 1965, Watson & Angle POBSP 3802 (KCEM; USNM); 13, 2Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 9o07’N- 150o34’W, 9 Jun. 1965, POBSP 3822 (USNM); 43, 4Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 8o12’N- 162o12’W, 13 Jun. 1965, POBSP 4030 (USNM); 23, 2Ƥ, at sea, Pacific Ocean, 8o54’N- 162o58’W, 13 Jun. 1965, POBSP 4033 (USNM); 13, 9o N-155o W, 5 Jul. 1965, POBSP 4212 (USNM); 73, 5Ƥ, North Pacific Ocean, 8o02’N- 174o00’W, 21 Nov. 1965, POBSP 503358 (MONZ); 3Ƥ, off Masafuera I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile, 25 Nov. 1965, P.C. Harper, DM 12608 (MONZ); 13, Central Pacific Ocean, 26 Nov. 1965, P.C. Harper (MONZ); 2Ƥ, Juan Fernández Is, Chile, Mar. 1966, R.F. Cressey (USNM); 33, 2Ƥ, Ngahinapouri, South Auckland, N.Z., 22 Oct. 1971, D.G. Berrett, A.M. Av.1072.1 (MONZ); 43, 4Ƥ, Waimanalo, Oahu I., Hawaiian Is, U.S.A., 27 Jul. 1991 (MONZ; BPBM, 178481); 23, 3Ƥ, Daimon-cho, Moriyama-shi, Siga Prefecture, Japan, 5 Aug. 2004, S. Kobayashi (MONZ; YIOJ). Ex Pterodroma arminjoniana arminjoniana (Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869): 23, 6Ƥ, Trindade I., Brazil, South Atlantic Ocean, 3 Jan. 1906 (MONZ); 13, Trindade I., Brazil, South Atlantic Ocean, 28 Jul. 1910, E.A. Wilson, “British Antarctic Expedition”, NMNZ 18657 (MONZ); 793, 86Ƥ, (ex 64 birds) Trindade I. (several locations), Brazil, South Atlantic Ocean, Jun. 2006 – Apr. 2007, L. Bugoni (MONZ; MZSB); 73, 13Ƥ, Trindade I., Brazil, South Atlantic Ocean, no date (NHML, Thompson Collection 1980-40; Meinertzhagen Collection 12590 & 12598).
Ex Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis (Ridgway, 1884): 73, 7Ƥ, on board ship “ Townsend Cromwell ”, 22o20’N- 151o W, 21 Jul. 1964, D. Au (BPBM; MONZ); 103, 5Ƥ, Haleakala Crater, Maui I., Hawaiian Is, U.S.A., May 1973, USNM 512636 (MONZ); 33, 5Ƥ, Haleakala Crater, Maui I., Hawaiian Is, U.S.A., 20 May 1976, BBM- X 148358 (BPBM; MONZ). New host record.
DISCUSSION: The new host-louse record of Halipeurus kermadecensis from Hawaiian petrels –referred to as Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis by Dickinson (2003: 74) —is further evidence that the Galápagos and the Hawaiian petrels are different species and not subspecies, as shown by Browne et al. (1997) with a study of the genetic diversity and divergence of those petrels based on allozyme electrophoresis. The Galápagos petrel, Pterodroma phaeopygia phaeopygia, is host to Halipeurus noctivagus (see below), a louse species extremely different from H. kermadecensis.
Halipeurus kermadecensis has been found parasitising two species of Pterodroma petrels on Trindade Island, situated off the coast of Brazil in the South Atlantic Ocean: Pt. neglecta and Pt. arminjoniana arminjoniana. That is, if the identification by Imber (2004: 36) of a specimen kept in the USNM collection (Reg. 503731) as Pt. neglecta is accepted as valid; see Hammer et al. (2010) and discussion under H. heraldicus below.
description: Published as part of Palma, Ricardo L., 2011, New taxa, new synonymies and new host records in the louse genus Halipeurus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) parasitic on petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 3017 on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278615