cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of some polyatomic molecules
Creators: name: Sandhu, Jagjit S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The study of the kinetic energies of photoelectrons ejected from gaseous atoms and molecules by 584 Å (21.21 eV) photons is relatively new, and has been named photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectrons are ejected with energies of 21.21 - I₁ eV, 21.21 - I₂ eV, etc., where I₁ I₂, etc., are successive ionization potentials of the molecule. Retarding fields, a 180° magnetic analyzer, a 127° electrostatic analyzer and a 180° hemi-spherical analyzer have been used to measure the electron energies. In this work only the first method was used. A spherical photoelectron spectrometer was used to make the measurements. This analyzer utilizes a retarding potential between the spherical inner grid and the spherical collector, with a second grid to repel positive ions. The 584 Å photoelectron spectra from the triatomic molecules C0₂, COS, CS₂ S0₂, H₂0 and H₂S, and polyatomic molecules C₂H₂, CF₄, SiF₄, CH₃OH, C₆H₅C1, PH₃, C₂H₄, propylene, isobutylene, cis-butene-2, trans-butene-2, trimethyl-ethylene, tetramethyl-ethylene, vinyl chloride, 1:1 dichloro-ethylene, cis-dichloro-ethylene trans-dichloro-ethylene, trichloro-ethylene and tetrachloro-ethylene are described and are shown to give all the ionization potentials less than 21.21 eV in each case. The results obtained are compared with results from other sources, and agreements and differences explained. The results are interpreted in terms of the electronic structures of these molecules as given by the molecular orbital theory which grew out of the pioneering work of Mulliken. In some cases new electronic structures are tentatively assigned. The effect of substituents on ionization potentials is also considered. Not only may the binding energies of the various molecular orbitals be determined, but also the relative electron transition probabilities to the molecular ionic states at the 584 Å incident radiation may be assessed directly from the photoelectron-stopping curve. In favourable cases the bonding character of different orbitals may be inferred from the shape of the photo-electron-stopping curve. Both adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials may be determined from photoelectron energy measurements. Vertical ionization potentials were determined for a series of methyl substituted ethylenes and chloro-ethylenes. The experimental values were compared with the theoretical values obtained by employing the equivalent orbital method of G. G. Hall.
Sampling conditioned hypoelliptic diffusions
Creators: name: Hairer, Martin
name: Stuart, Andrew M.
name: Voss, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A series of recent articles introduced a method to construct stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) which are invariant with respect to the distribution of a given conditioned diffusion. These works are restricted to the case of elliptic diffusions where the drift has a gradient structure and the resulting SPDE is of second-order parabolic type. The present article extends this methodology to allow the construction of SPDEs which are invariant with respect to the distribution of a class of hypoelliptic diffusion processes, subject to a bridge conditioning, leading to SPDEs which are of fourth-order parabolic type. This allows the treatment of more realistic physical models, for example, one can use the resulting SPDE to study transitions between meta-stable states in mechanical systems with friction and noise. In this situation the restriction of the drift being a gradient can also be lifted.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AAP708 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Efficient fluorescence collection from trapped ions with an integrated spherical mirror
Creators: name: Shu, G.
name: Kurz, N.
name: Dietrich, M. R.
name: Blinov, B. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient collection of fluorescence from trapped ions is crucial for quantum optics and quantum computing applications, specifically, for qubit state detection and in generating single photons for ion-photon and remote ion entanglement. In a typical setup, only a few per cent of ion fluorescence is intercepted by the aperture of the imaging optics. We employ a simple metallic spherical mirror integrated with a linear Paul ion trap to achieve photon collection efficiency of at least 10% from a single Ba$^+$ ion. An aspheric corrector is used to reduce the aberrations caused by the mirror and achieve high image quality.
description: 5 pages and 4 figures
Mapa Lingüístico de Bolivia
Creators: name: Gallinate, Gabriel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: lenguas de bolivia
mapa lingüístico

description: Este es un mapa de las lenguas bolivianas que diseñé en base a mapas previos como el de Luis Rodriguez & Herlan Ayreyu Cuellar (2000), además de ubicaciones indicadas en las gramáticas, diccionarios y artículos modernos.
title: Immunological Effects of Amphotericin B Desoxycholate and Liposomal Amphotericin B on Splenocytes from Immune-Normal and Immune-compromised Mice
Creators: name: Schindler, Jay Jenson
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: Because of the increasing number of serious risk factors which predispose a normally immune competent host to infection, the incidence of systemic fungal infections is steadily increasing. This epidemiological rise has especially become apparent since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for these life-threatening mycotic infections. Complications due to drug toxicity, however, severely limit amphotericin B's clinical usefulness. The major complication associated with the administration of amphotericin B is renal toxicity. Research has indicated, however, that besides its antifungal activities, amphotericin B may act as an immune stimulant of both humoral and cellular responses.
A new formulation, liposomal amphotericin B, has been developed which has proven to be significantly less toxic to the kidneys. Research has suggested that liposomal amphotericin B may also act as an immune stimulant. Recent reports have also suggested that its stimulatory capabilities may possibly exceed those of the non-liposomal preparations.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the specific effects of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B on the in vitro indices: cellular viability, B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage activation as indicators of immune system functions. Spleen cells from immune normal, and immune compromised BALB/c female mice were harvested following euthanasia and incubated in the presence of the two drugs. Drug doses were chosen to correlate with those surrounding clinically relevant plasma concentrations. Cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide were used as immune suppressants to simulate organ transplant patients and patients receiving cancer chemotherapy, respectively.
Results indicated that amphotericin B consistently reduces the ability of B-cells and T-cells to proliferate and the ability of macrophages to produce interleukin-1. Though direct cytotoxicity may play a part in these assays, it is probably minor because viability studies show no more than a ten percent reduction due to amphotericin B compared with its liposomal analogue.
Liposomal amphotericin B was shown to be non-toxic in each of the immune parameters. It appeared that liposomes may be an important means of delivering more drug to a host infected with a fungal organism without further compromising the patient's already suppressed immune system.
IMPROVED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ADOPTION AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SHRIMP FARMERS IN BANGLADESH: A SAMPLE SELECTION STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION FRONTIER APPROACH
Creators: name: Rahman, M Sadique
name: Kazal, Mohammad Mizanul Haque
name: Rayhan, Shah Johir
name: Rahman, M Sadique
name: Kazal, Mohammad Mizanul Haque
name: Rayhan, Shah Johir
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Adoption
subject: technical efficiency
subject: sample selection
subject: shrimp farming

description: Adoption of improved management practices and technical efficiency can play a crucial role in the growth of aquaculture sector. The present study jointly estimates the determinants of improved management practices adoption and technical efficiency of shrimp farmers using a sample selection stochastic production frontier model. A total of 300 shrimp farmers were interviewed to achieve the objectives. The findings indicate that 41% of the respondents adopted improved practices. Training and extension contact significantly influenced adoption. Adopters received higher yields (343 kg/ha/year) than non-adopters (297 kg/ha/year). Mean technical efficiency was significantly higher for adopters (0.82) than for non-adopters (0.72). Shrimp production of adopters can be increased by 22% by improving technical efficiency level. Policy implications included improvement in current extension facilities to sustain and increase adoption and productivity. Modifying the existing extension approaches would help to improve technical efficiency and adoption of improved management practices.
title: Circulating Antibodies to Thymic Antigens in Autism and Alzheimer's Disease
Creators: name: Chen, Chih-Li
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: Abnormal T lymphocyte reactions in both autism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reported. This research investigated the possibility that these abnormalities may involve circulating antithymic antibodies. Plasma samples from autistic patients, AD patients, and normal-matched controls were tested for reactivity against murine thymocytes.
In the first of 3 studies results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were statistically significant for binding (P < 0.001) between antithymic antibodies in plasmas of AD patients and murine thymocytes. Binding (P < 0.05) in low dilutions (1/2.5 and 1/5} of autistic patient plasmas was also observed. In the second study, plasmas of neither autistic nor AD patients significantly inhibited DNA synthesis of thymic cells in the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-l} and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In the third study, no significant increases (P > 0.05) in cytotoxic activities were detected using AD patient plasmas and both untreated and heat-treated autistic patient plasmas. After further testing, these heat-treated plasmas diluted 1/64 and 1/128 had increased cytotoxicities (P
Therefore, circulating antithymic antibodies may be involved in abnormal T lymphocyte reactions in autism and AD. Since they probably do not act alone, future research should study these complex abnormalities using human thymocytes.
title: Immunological Effects of Ketoconazole, Itraconazole and Fluconazole on Lymphocyte Cell Proliferation and Natural Killer Cell Activity in Immune-Normal, Cyclosporine-Compromised and Cyclophosphamide-Compromised Mouse Models
Creators: name: Mitchell, Jeffrey Tullis
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: Over the past several years there has been a steady increase in the incidence of immunologically compromised patients. This has been the result of both chemical agents, such as those used in cancer chemotherapy, and biological agents such as HIV, the cause of Acquired lmmunodefeciency Syndrome (AIDS). The increase in immune-suppressed patients has lead to an increase in life-threatening mycoses requiring treatment with antifungal agents. Pharmaceutical companies have increased research for the development of new antifungal agents which are more effective and less toxic than those that are currently used. Several researchers have reported on antifungal agents that demonstrate both positive and negative effects on the immune system. Because antifungal therapy relies on host immune defenses in eliminating diseases, more emphasis is being placed on how antifungal agents interact with the immune system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ketoconazole, ltraconazole and Fluconazole on T- and B-cell proliferation and natural killer cell activity using normal, cyclosporine-compromised and cyclophosphamide-compromised immune models in mice. T and B cells obtained from the spleens Balb/c mice were mitogen stimulated and grown in the presence of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µg/ml of these 3 antifungal agents. Cell proliferation was determined by the uptake of 3[H]-thymidine and was measured as counts per minute. Natural killer cell activity was measured by the release of 51-sodium chromate (51Cr) into the supernatant by 51Cr-labeled Yac cells. Ketoconazole caused a significant reduction in cell proliferation in all immune models in both T and B cells. Itraconazole also significantly inhibited cell proliferation in all models in both T and B cells as well as natural killer (NK) cell activity in the immune-normal model. Viability studies on mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes suggest that inhibitory effects of Katoconazole and Itraconazole on lymphocyte proliferation are due to toxic effects. Fluconazole appears to have few if any inhibitory effects on either cell proliferation or natural killer cell activity.
SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN SYLHET DIVISION: AN M-QUANTILE APPROACH
Creators: name: Bhuiyan, M. Kamruj Jaman
name: Hossain, M. Jamal
name: Islam, Mohammad Amirul
name: Imam, M. Farouq
name: Quddus, Md. Abdul
name: Bhuiyan, M. Kamruj Jaman
name: Hossain, M. Jamal
name: Islam, Mohammad Amirul
name: Imam, M. Farouq
name: Quddus, Md. Abdul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Small area estimation
subject: nutritional status
subject: M-quantile approach

description: Under nutrition is one of the severe problems around the globe and finds its place in the global agenda. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight the need for special attention to eradicate malnutrition. Bangladesh having high prevalence of malnutrition is committed to fulfill the targets of SDGs. Though Bangladesh achieved remarkable success in improving nutritional status of under-five children at national level, there have been regional variations. Government is planning to target need based resource allocation to small administrative levels. To do that real time, small area level estimates of nutrition will be required. Sylhet division was severely suffering from one or all form of malnutrition (BBS, 2014). This research tried to address these issues for which a primary sample of size 300 was collected from Dharampasha Upazila of Sunamgonj district of Sylhet division for in-depth analysis. M-Quantile estimation method was used to identify small area estimates at Upazila level of Sylhet division. The Upazilas exhibiting poorest nutritional status was identified in maps for comparison. Special care should be given to help these Upazilas to come out of the cycle of malnutrition in addition to the common national programmes. The results are efficient and may be adopted in the future, especially where we have doubted in the distributional assumption of the data.
title: The Other Side of Distance Education: Learner Interaction at Remote Sites
Creators: name: Walden, Beth
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1997

description: This dissertation describes the observations of the interaction of adult learners at remote distance education sites. The researcher audited 11 complete courses at four receive sites during two academic terms. The observations were done in the Com-Net, audio-graphic system provided by Utah State University. The courses were provided for university credit to adults around the state.
The research was designed to answer three research questions:
1.What interactions do learners at a distance exhibit in their educational setting? 2.What observable events appear to prompt the beginning and ending of the learners' interactions? 3.What observable outcomes result from the learners' interactions? A field study was conducted, using qualitative methodologies.
In addition to answering the three research questions, the researcher observed four types of interaction already described in the literature of the field of distance education and identified a fifth type of interaction based on the field observations. The researcher also expanded on Burnham's definition of parallel learning in distance education.
Finally, in this document, the researcher offers a definition of adult learner interaction at remote sites. The definition is provided to spark further discussion and research
Split-Quaternionic Hopf Map, Quantum Hall Effect, and Twistor Theory
Creators: name: Hasebe, Kazuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Introducing a non-compact version of the Hopf map, we demonstrate remarkable close relations between quantum Hall effect and twistor theory. We first construct quantum Hall effect on a hyperboloid based on the noncompact 2nd Hopf map of split-quaternions. We analyze a hyperbolic one-particle mechanics, and explore many-body problem, where a many-body groundstate wavefunction and membrane-like excitations are derived explicitly. In the lowest Landau level, the symmetry is enhanced from $SO(3, 2)$ to the $SU(2, 2)$ conformal symmetry. We point out that the quantum Hall effect naturally realizes the philosophy of twistor theory. In particular, the emergence mechanism of fuzzy space-time is discussed somehow in detail.
description: 5 pages, 1 table, no figures, references added, published version
On Phase Transitions to Cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma
Creators: name: Helbing, Dirk
name: Lozano, Sergi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Game theory formalizes certain interactions between physical particles or between living beings in biology, sociology, and economics, and quantifies the outcomes by payoffs. The prisoner's dilemma (PD) describes situations in which it is profitable if everybody cooperates rather than defects (free-rides or cheats), but as cooperation is risky and defection is tempting, the expected outcome is defection. Nevertheless, some biological and social mechanisms can support cooperation by effectively transforming the payoffs. Here, we study the related phase transitions, which can be of first order (discontinous) or of second order (continuous), implying a variety of different routes to cooperation. After classifying the transitions into cases of equilibrium displacement, equilibrium selection, and equilibrium creation, we show that a transition to cooperation may take place even if the stationary states and the eigenvalues of the replicator equation for the PD stay unchanged. Our example is based on adaptive group pressure, which makes the payoffs dependent on the endogeneous dynamics in the population. The resulting bistability can invert the expected outcome in favor of cooperation.
description: For related work see http://www.soms.ethz.ch/
title: The Job Task Model as a Means for Understanding Computer Usage in the Work Place
Creators: name: Napper, Vicki S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1997

description: A qualitative study of a workplace was conducted through the use of interviews and observation of ten participants working in hardware and software engineering. The study arose from a lack of information on computer usage in workplace settings and a lack of identified functional needs for skills-based training.
There were three primary guiding questions and areas of findings in this study: l.Does the job task model define the areas of computer literacy for the individual worker?
The job task model proved to be an effective method for analyzing tasks, tools, and the environment for usage of computer technologies in specialized professions. 2.Does the type of job task influence the functional needs for computer usage in the areas of training, hardware and software usage, application of individual anthropometric data, and workstation design?
The job tasks did not influence how the participants were trained in the use of computers. The primary method of learning to use computer hardware and software was through self-instruction. However, the type of job task did influence the type of hardware and software needed to perform a task. Professional employees needed to know how to use both general and specific types of hardware and software. The job task affected the ergonomic arrangement of work areas, but the participants generally lacked training in how to identify and correct risk factors that may lead to computer-related injury.3.What are the stress factors in this workplace setting? Do the stress factors influence computer-related injury rates in this workplace and if so, how can those types of injuries be reduced?
The stress factors identified in this setting included job demand factors, psychosocial factors, and ergonomic factors. Although these types of stress factors have been associated with computer-related injury through research, none of the participants reported injury associated with computer usage. It was also found that the participants did not consider musculoskeletal disorders to be injuries but rather illnesses.
Implications of the study suggest that the job task model provides a balanced approach to the design of instructional materials. Further, by allowing one category of the job task model to be dominant in the instructional content also appears to weaken the overall instructional validity.
Two-point density correlations of quasicondensates in free expansion
Creators: name: Manz, S.
name: Bücker, R.
name: Betz, T.
name: Koller, Ch.
name: Hofferberth, S.
name: Mazets, I. E.
name: Imambekov, A.
name: Demler, E.
name: Perrin, A.
name: Schmiedmayer, J.
name: Schumm, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the two-point density correlation function of freely expanding quasicondensates in the weakly interacting quasi-one-dimensional (1D) regime. While initially suppressed in the trap, density fluctuations emerge gradually during expansion as a result of initial phase fluctuations present in the trapped quasicondensate. Asymptotically, they are governed by the thermal coherence length of the system. Our measurements take place in an intermediate regime where density correlations are related to near-field diffraction effects and anomalous correlations play an important role. Comparison with a recent theoretical approach described by Imambekov et al. yields good agreement with our experimental results and shows that density correlations can be used for thermometry of quasicondensates.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, minor changes
Commitment strategies as signals of cooperation：a tdcs study
Creators: name: JINJIN WANG
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Cooperation under uncertainty has important practical significance, and many articles have explored this. The latest behavioral experiment is Kapetaniou, Deroy and Soutschek (2023). The results of their behavioral experiments show that people will be more likely to resort to commitment strategies to promote cooperation when people have high uncertainty about the other party's willingness to cooperate.
The LFPC is a brain area closely related to pre-commitment strategies (Soutschek et al., 2017a; Soutschek et al., 2017b; Soutschek and Tobler, 2018). The LFPC brain area is involved in rational calculation, value evaluation, and high effort brings high rewards. In particular, when options are bound, the FPC brain area will also be more active (Soutschek and Tobler, 2018).
This study wanted to explore whether anodal stimulation over the LFPC brain area can promote the use of pre-commitment strategies in uncertain cooperation.
I will conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis on December, 2023.
title: Characterization of Cytokine Induction and Effects of Antiviral Treatment in Four Murine Models of Poxvirus Infection
Creators: name: Knorr, Corinna W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2005

description: Cytokine profiles during cowpox virus (CPV) strain Brighton and vaccinia virus (VV) strain Western Reserve infections were characterized in intranasal (i.n.) and intraperitoneal (i .p.) models in BALB/c mice. The time-course of induction and effects of cidofovir treatment on interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-γ inducible protein (IP)-10, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined. The four models have distinct patterns of cytokine induction. CPV i.p. and VV i.n. infections showed increased induction throughout the time studied. CPV i.n. infection resulted in delayed induction of IFN-γ and IP-10. Cytokine levels were fairly constant during VV i.p. infections. Cidofovir treatment (100 mg/kg/day i.p. for 2 days) significantly reduced certain cytokine levels in the four models. Treatment did not affect IP-10 in the CPV i.n. model; IFN-γ and IP-10 in the CPV i.p. model; or IL-6, IP- 10, and MCP-1 in the VV i.p. model. Characterization of cytokine responses has implications for understanding the immune responses and pathogeneses of viral infections in these models.
The Omega Deformation, Branes, Integrability, and Liouville Theory
Creators: name: Nekrasov, Nikita
name: Witten, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reformulate the Omega-deformation of four-dimensional gauge theory in a way that is valid away from fixed points of the associated group action. We use this reformulation together with the theory of coisotropic A-branes to explain recent results linking the Omega-deformation to integrable Hamiltonian systems in one direction and Liouville theory of two-dimensional conformal field theory in another direction.
description: 96 pp
Mechanistic studies of the pyrolysis of 1-pyrazolines
Creators: name: Wigfield, Yuk-Yung
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The geometric stereoisomers of 3-carbomethoxy-3-methyl-4-bromo-1-pyrazoline have been prepared. Both compounds have been found to be highly unstable and are transformed readily into the hydrobromide salt of 3-methyl-4-carbomethoxypyrazole. This transformation requires preferential migration of a carbomethoxy group over a methyl group. A stepwise mechanism is proposed for this rearranagement. Pyrolysis of 3-carbomethoxy-3-cyano-4-methyl-4-aryl-1-pyrazoline, (Z)-and (E)- gives predominantly the olefin expected for concerted migration with elimination of nitrogen. The transition state is described by a structure in which there is no bond breaking of C(5)-N bond. This mechanism is supported by (i) the lack of a C(5) secondary ⍺-deuterium kinetic isotope effect, (ii) the negative value of the entropy of activation, and (iii) the migratory aptitudes between various substituted aryl groups. The possibility of a short-lived intermediate is not completely ruled out. However, the lack of a large effect of solvent polarity on the rate of reaction and the stereospecificity of the reaction suggest the intermediate of the pyrazoline pyrolysis cannot be a zwitterion with free rotation about the C(3)-C(4) bond.
title: Epistemic Beliefs of Middle and High School Students in a Problem-Based, Scientific Inquiry Unit: An Exploratory, Mixed Methods Study
Creators: name: Gu, Jiangyue
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Epistemic beliefs are individuals’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge, how knowledge is constructed, and how knowledge can be justified. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine: (a) middle and high school students’ self-reported epistemic beliefs (quantitative) and epistemic beliefs revealed from practice (qualitative) during a problem-based, scientific inquiry unit, (b) How do middle and high school students’ epistemic beliefs contribute to the construction of students’ problem solving processes, and (c) how and why do students’ epistemic beliefs change by engaging in PBL.
Twenty-one middle and high school students participated in a summer science class to investigate local water quality in a 2-week long problem-based learning (PBL) unit. The students worked in small groups to conduct water quality tests at in their local watershed and visited several stakeholders for their investigation. Pretest and posttest versions of the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire were conducted to assess students’ self-reported epistemic beliefs before and after the unit. I videotaped and interviewed three groups of students during the unit and conducted discourse analysis to examine their epistemic beliefs revealed from scientific inquiry activities and triangulate with their self-reported data.
There are three main findings from this study. First, students in this study selfreported relatively sophisticated epistemic beliefs on the pretest. However, the comparison between their self-reported beliefs and beliefs revealed from practice indicated that some students were able to apply sophisticated beliefs during the unit while others failed to do so. The inconsistency between these two types of epistemic beliefs may due to students’ inadequate cognitive ability, low validity of self-report measure, and the influence of contextual factors. Second, qualitative analysis indicated that students’ epistemic beliefs of the nature of knowing influenced their problem solving processes and construction of arguments during their inquiry activities. Students with more sophisticated epistemic beliefs acquired knowledge, presented solid evidence, and used it to support their claims more effectively than their peers. Third, students’ self-reported epistemic beliefs became significantly more sophisticated by engaging in PBL. Findings from this study can potentially help researchers to better understand the relation between students’ epistemic beliefs and their scientific inquiry practice.
Maximal totally complex submanifolds of $\mathbb{H}\mathbb{P}^n$: homogeneity and normal holonomy
Creators: name: Bedulli, Lucio
name: Gori, Anna
name: Podestà, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C26; 53C40; 53C28; 57S15; 53C29

description: We prove that a maximal totally complex submanifold $N^{2n}$ of the quaternionic projective space $\mathbb{H}\mathbb{P}^n$ ($n\geq 2$) is a parallel submanifold, provided one of the following conditions is satisfied: (1) $N$ is the orbit of a compact Lie group of isometries, (2) the restricted normal holonomy is a proper subgroup of ${\rm U}(n)$.
description: 15 pages
Nonsingular and accelerated expanding universe from effective Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: De Lorenci, Vitorio A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy-momentum tensor coming from one-parameter effective Yang- Mills theory is here used to describe the matter-energy content of the homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann cosmology in its early stages. The behavior of all solutions is examined. Particularly, it is shown that only solutions corresponding to an open model allow the universe to evolve into an accelerated expansion. This result appears as a possible mechanism for an inflationary phase produced by a vector field. Further, depending on the value of some parameters characterizing the system, the resulting models are classified as singular or nonsingular.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, some discussions were simplified and new remarks were introduced
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY REARING BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN HAOR AREAS IN BANGLADESH: IMPACT ON FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Creators: name: Rahman, K. M. Mostafizur
name: Hossain, M. Jamal
name: Rana, M. Shihab
name: Rahman, K. M. Mostafizur
name: Hossain, M. Jamal
name: Rana, M. Shihab
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock and Poultry
subject: haor area
subject: food security and poverty

description: This study aims at assessing the potentiality of increasing livestock and poultry rearing by smallholder farmers in haor areas to improve food security condition and poverty alleviation of people. This study was carried out in 200 smallholder farmers rearing livestock in two upazilas (sub-district), namely Juri of Moulvibazar and Madan of Netrokona district. Both descriptive and functional analysis have been carried out. Result reveals that the average annual family income was BDT 254323 where average annual family expenditure was BDT 235775. Average daily per capita consumption of rice and all food items respectively are 397g and 1149g. Daily per capita calorie and protein intakes are respectively 2445 Kcal and 82g respectively of the haor people. People consume almost all 12 categories of food items and average household dietary diversity score is 11.85. Multinomial logistic regression suggests that increase of family size results in the corresponding decrease of food security condition and increase in expenditure on food items increases food security condition.
Primary photophysical processes in hexafluorobiacetyl
Creators: name: McIntosh, John Samuel Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The phosphorescence and fluorescence quantum yields and spectra of hexafluorobiacetyl vapour have been studied at various exciting wavelengths between 290 and 440 nm. The relative spectral distribution of each luminescence is independent of pressure over the range 0.2 - 700 torr, but the phosphorescence-fluorescence ratio is a function of pressure and of exciting energy. Absolute emission quantum yield determinations at 250 torr of hexafluorobiacetyl are used to place, on an absolute basis, relative yields obtained as a function of pressure and exciting energy. The high pressure limiting yields are Ф°°[subscript f] = 0.078 and Ф°°[subscript f]= 4.9 x 10⁻³ The lifetime of the lowest triplet state is independent of pressure and temperature (over the range 27 to -57°C). However it is found to vary somewhat with absorbed intensity, indicating triplet-triplet annihilation occurs at high concentrations. From a combined first and second order kinetic treatment of the data, the first-order decay constant was found to be 476 ± 24 sec⁻¹. Electronic energy transfer between systems consisting of hexafluorobiacetyl-oxygen, hexafluorobiacetyl-hexafluoro-acetone and hexafluorobiacetyl-biacetyl were also investigated. In all but the first system, hexafluorobiacetyl acts as the energy acceptor. Bimolecular rate constants for energy transfer have been evaluated from Stern-Volmer treatments of the data. The rate constant for quenching of the triplet state of hexafluorobiacetyl by oxygen is (7.2 ± 1.4) x 10⁷ liters mole⁻¹ sec⁻¹. In the hexafluorobiacetyl-hexafluoro- acetone system, the rate constant for triplet-triplet energy transfer is (8.5 ± 1.5) x 10⁸ liter mole⁻¹ sec⁻¹ and for singlet-singlet electronic transfer is (6.0 ± 0.6) x 10⁹ liter mole⁻¹ sec⁻¹. Hexafluorobiacetyl was found to quench the biacetyl triplet state rather inefficiently, with a specific rate constant of (2.4 ± 0.5) x 10⁶ liters mole⁻¹ sec⁻¹. The data from the various investigations are combined to give a description of the primary photophysical events. From this information a mechanism for the primary process in hexafluorobiacetyl is proposed and estimates of the specific rate constants for some of the photophysical processes are given.
Information Causality as a Physical Principle
Creators: name: Pawlowski, M.
name: Paterek, T.
name: Kaszlikowski, D.
name: Scarani, V.
name: Winter, A.
name: Zukowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum physics exhibits remarkable distinguishing characteristics. For example, it gives only probabilistic predictions (non-determinism) and does not allow copying of unknown state (no-cloning). Quantum correlations may be stronger than any classical ones, nevertheless information cannot be transmitted faster than light (no-signaling). However, all these features do not single out quantum physics. A broad class of theories exist which share such traits with quantum mechanics, while they allow even stronger than quantum correlations. Here, we introduce the principle of Information Causality. It states that information that Bob can gain about a previously completely unknown to him data set of Alice, by using all his local resources (which may be correlated with her resources) and a classical communication from her, is bounded by the information volume of the communication. In other words, if Alice communicates m bits to Bob, the total information access that Bob gains to her data is not greater than m. For m=0, Information Causality reduces to the standard no-signaling principle. We show that this new principle is respected both in classical and quantum physics, whereas it is violated by all the no-signaling correlations which are stronger that the strongest quantum correlations. Maximally strong no-signalling correlations would allow Bob access to any m bit subset of the whole data set held by Alice. If only one bit is sent by Alice (m=1), this is tantamount to Bob being able to access the value of any single bit of Alice's data (but of course not all of them). We suggest that Information Causality, a generalization of no-signaling, might be one of the foundational properties of Nature.
description: This version of the paper is as close to the published one as legally possible
title: Efficient Device to Device Communications Underlaying Heterogeneous Networks
Creators: name: Chen, Xue
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Device-to-Device communications have the great potential to bring significant performance boost to the conventional heterogeneous network by reusing cellular resources. In cellular networks, Device-to-Device communication is defined as two user equipments in a close range communicating directly with each other without going through the base station, thus offloading cellular traffic from cellular networks. In addition to improve network spectral efficiency, D2D communication can also improve energy efficiency and user experience.
However, the co-existence of D2D communication on the same spectrum with cellular users can cause severe interference to the primary cellular users. Thus the performance of cellular users must be assured when supporting underlay D2D users.
In this work, we have investigated cross-layer optimization, resource allocation and interference management schemes to improve user experience, system spectral efficiency and energy efficiency for D2D communication underlaying heterogeneous networks. By exploiting frequency reuse and multi-user diversity, this research work aims to design wireless system level algorithms to utilize the spectrum and energy resources efficiently in the next generation wireless heterogeneous network.
title: Accumulation and Release of Trace Inorganic Contaminants from Biofilm Matrices Produced and Challenged Under Drinking Water Distribution System Conditions
Creators: name: Kent, William W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Over the legacy time frames experienced by drinking water distribution systems(DWDS), trace inorganic contaminants (TICs) such as arsenic, lead, antimony, thallium,and chromium can accumulate in high concentrations within a biofilm matrix containing iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxyhydroxides. Release of TICs can occur when thesematrices are disturbed by a physical or chemical change. A bench scale factorial designusing recirculating glass columns (25 mm x 300 mm) with abraded 3 mm glass beads, wasused to establish biofilm matrices under a standard conditions at 16°C, 0.2 mg/l chlorine(Cl2,) and 1 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for 6 months. The developed matrixwas then challenged by altering the temperature (7 and 25°C) and concentrations of Cl2 (0and 2 mg/L) and DOC (0 and 2 mg/L). During this 4 week challenge phase, effluent TICconcentrations were monitored, after which each column was sacrificed and analyzed forATP and DNA, and TIC distribution within the solids using sequential extractions and totaldigestions. Solid phase Mn and Fe were associated with the organic fraction of the biofilmmatrix. With increased Cl2, more accumulation of Mn occurred due to the oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV). This resulted in increased surfaces for sorption of Fe and the TICs, Pb,Tl, Cu, and Cr. Increased Cl2 also resulted in a less active biofilm as indicated by lowerATP concentrations within the biofilm matrix. Less As accumulated with increased DOCas a result of surface site competition. Lead was impacted by Cl2 and DOC, where theaddition of Cl2 increased the retention of lead while the addition of DOC caused a decrease.The outcome of this investigation was the identification of conditions that causeaccumulation of TICs to biofilm matrices under DWDS conditions, demonstrating a highpotential for accumulation when the DWDS is sourced with Fe/Mn and TICs at secondaryand primary MCLs. Though not the focus of this study, these highly concentrated solids are susceptible to physical disturbance and release showing the importance of both minimizing accumulation and conducting regular pipe cleaning activities.
FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM AND WAVELET TRANSFORMS BASED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR FAULT CLASSIFICATION OF HVDC SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Roy, Ujjal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 80103 Computer Graphics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80104 Computer Vision

description: . In this paper, improved back propagation algorithm-based ANN was developed. One major problem with a neural network is over fitting or poor generalization capability during the training period. For overcoming these limitations, the Bayesian regularization is presented. For error minimization, Gradient Descent method is used. The output of the ANN can predict the steady state normal operation, voltage transients and various fault conditions. Results demonstrates that the neural network models trained using Bayesian regularization provides.
Minimal half-spaces and external representation of tropical polyhedra
Creators: name: Gaubert, Stephane
name: Katz, Ricardo D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A01 (Primary), 16Y60, 06A07 (Secondary)

description: We give a characterization of the minimal tropical half-spaces containing a given tropical polyhedron, from which we derive a counter example showing that the number of such minimal half-spaces can be infinite, contradicting some statements which appeared in the tropical literature, and disproving a conjecture of F. Block and J. Yu. We also establish an analogue of the Minkowski-Weyl theorem, showing that a tropical polyhedron can be equivalently represented internally (in terms of extreme points and rays) or externally (in terms of half-spaces containing it). A canonical external representation of a polyhedron turns out to be provided by the extreme elements of its tropical polar. We characterize these extreme elements, showing in particular that they are determined by support vectors.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, example added with a new figure, figures improved, references updated
Regularization of singular Sturm-Liouville equations
Creators: name: Goriunov, Andrii
name: Mikhailets, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34L40 (Primary), 34B08, 47A10 (Secondary)

description: Paper deals with the singular Sturm-Liouville expressions $$l(y) = -(py')' + qy$$ on a finite interval with coefficients $$q = Q', \quad 1/p, Q/p, Q^2/p \in L_1,$$ where derivative of the function $Q$ is understood in the sense of distributions. Due to a new regularization corresponding operators are correctly defined as quasi-differential. Their resolvent approximation is investigated and all self-adjoint and maximal dissipative extensions and generalized resolvents are described in terms of homogeneous boundary conditions of the canonic form. Some results are new for the case $p(t)\equiv 1$ as well.
description: 12 pages
Euler characteristic and quadrilaterals of normal surfaces
Creators: name: Kalelkar, Tejas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q35 (Primary), 57M99 (Secondary)

description: Let $M$ be a compact 3-manifold with a triangulation $τ$. We give an inequality relating the Euler characteristic of a surface $F$ normally embedded in $M$ with the number of normal quadrilaterals in $F$. This gives a relation between a topological invariant of the surface and a quantity derived from its combinatorial description. Secondly, we obtain an inequality relating the number of normal triangles and normal quadrilaterals of $F$, that depends on the maximum number of tetrahedrons that share a vertex in $τ$.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Fermion fields in Einstein-Cartan theory and the accelerated-decelerated transition in a primordial Universe
Creators: name: Ribas, Marlos O.
name: Kremer, Gilberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the accelerated-decelerated transition in a primordial Universe is investigated by using the dynamics of fermion fields within the context of Einstein-Cartan theory, where apart from the curvature the space-time is also described by a torsion field. The model analyzed here has only a fermion field as the source of the gravitational field. The term associated with the spin of the fermion field plays the role of the inflaton which contributes to an accelerated regime whereas the one related to the fermion mass behaves as a matter field and is the responsible for a decelerated regime. Hence, by taking into account the spin of a massive fermion field it is possible to characterize the transition from the accelerated to the decelerated periods of the primordial Universe.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Gravitation and Cosmology