cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The nature of faint Spitzer-selected dust-obscured galaxies
Creators: name: Pope, Alexandra
name: Bussmann, R. Shane
name: Dey, Arjun
name: Meger, Nicole
name: Alexander, David M.
name: Brodwin, Mark
name: Chary, Ranga-Ram
name: Dickinson, Mark E.
name: Frayer, David T.
name: Greve, Thomas R.
name: Huynh, Minh
name: Lin, Lihwai
name: Morrison, Glenn
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Yan, Chi-Hung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use deep far-IR, submm, radio and X-ray imaging and mid-IR spectroscopy to explore the nature of a sample of Spitzer-selected dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) in GOODS-N. A sample of 79 galaxies satisfy the criteria R-[24]>14 (Vega) down to S24>100 microJy. Twelve of these galaxies have IRS spectra available which we use to measure redshifts and classify these objects as being dominated by star formation or active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity in the mid-IR. The IRS spectra and Spitzer photometric redshifts confirm that the DOGs lie in a tight redshift distribution around z~2. Based on mid-IR colors, 80% of DOGs are likely dominated by star formation; the stacked X-ray emission from this sub-sample of DOGs is also consistent with star formation. Since only a small number of DOGs are individually detected at far-IR and submm wavelengths, we use a stacking analysis to determine the average flux from these objects and plot a composite IR (8-1000 microns) spectral energy distribution (SED). The average luminosity of these star forming DOGs is LIR~1e12 Lsun. We compare the average star forming DOG to the average bright (S850>5 mJy) submillimeter galaxy (SMG); the S24>100 microJy DOGs are 3 times more numerous but 8 times less luminous in the IR. The far-IR SED shape of DOGs is similar to that of SMGs (average dust temperature of around 30 K) but DOGs have a higher mid-IR to far-IR flux ratio. The average star formation-dominated DOG has a star formation rate of 200 Msun/yr which, given their space density, amounts to a contribution of 0.01 Msun/yr/Mpc3 (or 5-10%) to the star formation rate density at z~2. We use the composite SED to predict the average flux of DOGs in future Herschel/PACS 100 micron and SCUBA-2 450 micron surveys and show that the majority of them will be detected.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Magnetic field induced confinement-deconfinement transition in graphene quantum dots
Creators: name: Giavaras, G.
name: Maksym, P. A.
name: Roy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massless Dirac particles cannot be confined by an electrostatic potential. This is a problem for making graphene quantum dots but confinement can be achieved with a magnetic field and here, general conditions for confined and deconfined states are derived. There is a class of potentials for which the character of the state can be controlled at will. Then a confinement-deconfinement transition occurs which allows the Klein paradox to be probed experimentally in graphene dots.
description: 4 pages, 4 figres
Roadside Selling
Creators: name: Clayton, Jeremy J.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper is intended to show the basic parameters of Roadside Selling in order to achieve maximum profit for the business as a whole. It is based on personal experience of both growing crops and retailing. In Roadside Selling the overall image is of paramount importance. I strongly believe that the keys to success are: quality, price, service and not trying to compete with multiple retailers. Our customers tend not to come to us from necessity, but rather because of what is being offered is perceived to be of better value.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Characterizing possible failure modes in physics-informed neural networks
Creators: name: Krishnapriyan, Aditi S.
name: Gholami, Amir
name: Zhe, Shandian
name: Kirby, Robert M.
name: Mahoney, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work in scientific machine learning has developed so-called physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The typical approach is to incorporate physical domain knowledge as soft constraints on an empirical loss function and use existing machine learning methodologies to train the model. We demonstrate that, while existing PINN methodologies can learn good models for relatively trivial problems, they can easily fail to learn relevant physical phenomena for even slightly more complex problems. In particular, we analyze several distinct situations of widespread physical interest, including learning differential equations with convection, reaction, and diffusion operators. We provide evidence that the soft regularization in PINNs, which involves PDE-based differential operators, can introduce a number of subtle problems, including making the problem more ill-conditioned. Importantly, we show that these possible failure modes are not due to the lack of expressivity in the NN architecture, but that the PINN's setup makes the loss landscape very hard to optimize. We then describe two promising solutions to address these failure modes. The first approach is to use curriculum regularization, where the PINN's loss term starts from a simple PDE regularization, and becomes progressively more complex as the NN gets trained. The second approach is to pose the problem as a sequence-to-sequence learning task, rather than learning to predict the entire space-time at once. Extensive testing shows that we can achieve up to 1-2 orders of magnitude lower error with these methods as compared to regular PINN training.
description: 22 pages
High-spin structure and Band Termination in $^{103}$Cd
Creators: name: Chakraborty, A.
name: Krishichayan
name: Mukhopadhyay, S.
name: Ray, S.
name: Chintalapudi, S. N.
name: Ghugre, S. S.
name: Pattabiraman, N. S.
name: Sinha, A. K.
name: Sarkar, S.
name: Garg, U.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Sarkar, M. Saha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excited states of the neutron deficient $^{103}$Cd nucleus have been investigated via the $^{72}$Ge($^{35}$Cl, p3n) reaction at beam energy of 135 MeV by use of in-beam spectroscopic methods. Gamma rays depopulating the excited states were detected using the Gammasphere spectrometer with high-fold $γ$-ray coincidences. A quadrupole $γ$-ray coincidence analysis ($γ^{4}$) has been used to extend the known level scheme. The positive parity levels have been established up to $J = 35/2\hbar$ and $E_{x} = 7.071$ MeV. In addition to the observation of highly-fragmented level scheme belonging to the positive-parity sequences at E$_{x}\sim$ 5 MeV, the termination of a negative-parity sequence connected by $E2$ transitions has been established at $J = 47/2 \hbar$ and $E_{x} = 11.877$ MeV. The experimental results corresponding to both the positive- and negative-parity sequences have been theoretically interpreted in the framework of the core particle coupling model. Evidence is presented for a shape change from collective prolate to non-collective oblate above the $J^π = 39/2^{-}$ (8011 keV) level and for a smooth termination of the negative-parity band.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Guilt, Dangerousness and Liability in the Era of Pre-Crime – the Role of Criminology? To Adapt, or to Die, that is the Question!
Creators: name: Getoš Kalac, Anna-Maria
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: pre-crime
principle of guilt
criminology

description: There is no doubt that, in terms of criminal policy, we have been living in an era of pre-crime for quite some time now. Whether we like it or not, times have changed and so has the general position on concepts of (criminal) guilt, dangerousness and liability. Whereas once there was a broad consensus that penal repression, at least in principle, should be executed in a strictly post-crime fashion, nowadays the same consensus has been reached on trading freedom (from penal repression) for (promised) security, long before an ‘actual crime’ might even be committed. In this regard the criminalisation of endangerment and risks only nomotechnically solves the issue of ‘actual’ vs. ‘potential’ crimes – in essence it merely creates a normative fiction of pre-crime crimes, whereas in reality ‘actual crimes’ do not exist at all. The starting point of criminalisation has clearly shifted away from the guilt of having committed a crime, to the mere dangerousness of potentially committing a crime, which potential as such is purely hypothetical and beyond the grasp of empirical proof. Such shift raises fundamental criminological and sociological questions, just as it highlights our obligation to process and shape this shift. The change of paradigm from post- to pre-crime also makes one wonder about the current and future role of criminology. It makes one wonder about criminology’s capacity to adapt and its willingness to take on a transdisciplinary lead role in scientising or even criminologising the pre-crime era. In the end it also makes one wonder whether such an engagement would be scientifically justified.
Farm Consultancy
Creators: name: Harrison, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This paper describes the development of agricultural consultancy in South Africa. The author emphasizes that the slow growth of consultancy was due to rigid government control of agricultural marketing andfarm financing.
He divides the agricultural community into three broad groups; large private or company operations, the typical commercial farmer and the emerging small commercial farmer. After describing the characteristics and consultancy involvement of these three groups he goes on to discuss the problems facing consultants in trying to service thousands of new farmers.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Farm Management in New Zealand: A Review
Creators: name: Rose, Eric G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Farm Management

description: A brief review of farming in New Zealand tracing the slow growth and acceptance of on-farm advice proffered by the N.Z. Department of Agriculture from the 1920's-
Following the Depress ion and the necessity for farm debt restructuring, the value of the whole farm approach was demonstrated and this was the start of recognition of farm management as a profession. This recognition continued over the next 10-15 years with the development of an academic course at Lincoln and special training in farm management. The growth of farm management as a profession and as an academic discipline had been realised and it was all based on the needs of farmers and their acceptance of it. Through the 1950's and 60's the status of the procession flourished with the formation of Farmers Improvement Clubs and then farm management consultancy practices, the N.Z. Society of Farm Management and the registration of consultants besides the availability of research results. The situation in N.Z. over the last 20 years up to the present is outlined.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Agriculture and Public Relations - The Rural Debate and its Consequences
Creators: name: Chamberlain, Denis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper analyses the issues which make the farming image important and seeks to identify some of the issues which can make up a common agenda between farmers and landowners and the urban and sub-urban public. It concludes that farmers must be more pro-active in the rural debate and that access to the countryside, certainly in a country like Britain, is a key to building better relationships.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Newman-Janis Ansatz for rotating wormholes
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Piñeres, A. C.
name: Hernández, N.
name: Lopez-Monsalvo, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central problem in General Relativity is obtaining a solution to describe the source's interior counterpart for Kerr black hole. Besides, determining a method to match the interior and exterior solutions through a surface free of predefined coordinates remains an open problem. In this work, we present the ansatz formulated by Newman-Janis to generate solutions to the Einstein field equation inspired by the mentioned problems. We present a collection of independent classes of exact interior solutions of the Einstein equation describing rotating fluids with anisotropic pressures. Furthermore, we will elaborate on some obtained solutions by alluding to rotating wormholes.
description: Paper prepared for presentation at the XXII International Meeting Physical Interpretations of Relativity Theory - 2021 (Moscow, Russia)
Public Relations of U.S. Farmers
Creators: name: Steele, Harold B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This paper examines the public relations challenges ofproduction agriculture in the United States from the perspective of a working farmer and experienced agricultural leader. The author describes the evolution of a "communications gap" between farm and non-farm people as agriculture became more mechanized and the majority of Americans lost their "farm roots." A consumer meat boycott in 1973 and a food safety scare in the apple industry in 1989 are described as key events in the development of agricultural public relations strategies. The paper also describes how societal changes have increased stress on the independent family farm operation and cites a common sense formula for dealing with public relations challenges of agriculture.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Transferring Technology in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Finlayson, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
International Development

description: This paper is based on the author’s experiences gained during 39 years involvement in technology transfer, focussing on his work as an agricultural consultant in some 30 developing countries. It outlines the main agencies participating in this task and discusses the challenges and constraints, and finally makes some observations about ways to improve the effectiveness of aid programmes. The principal conclusions drawn are that, in general, technology cannot be effectively transferred without adaptation to local conditions, and this process must be guided by an understanding of the whole farming system environment of the target area. This includes the obvious technical, economic and financial constraints and attributes, its infrastructure and institutional capability, as well as the underlying root causes hindering uptake by producers, that are often deeply embedded in the cultural and political characteristics of the country or region.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Plasticidad neuronal: los cimientos de la memoria a largo plazo
Creators: name: ALBA LUCIA, HERNANDEZ PERDOMO
name: EILEEN MARCELA, FERRO VARGAS
name: ALEJANDRO, GUTIERREZ PATIÑO
name: LUISA FERNANDA, MEDIORREAL CASALLAS
name: ROMEL ALEXANDER, MAHECHA MENDOZA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Este proyecto busca comprender cómo la plasticidad neuronal, la capacidad del cerebro para adaptarse y cambiar, puede potenciar la memoria a largo plazo en estudiantes de octavo grado. La memoria a largo plazo es crucial para el aprendizaje académico, y este proyecto busca estrategias para mejorarla utilizando la plasticidad neuronal.

Se utilizará una metodología cualitativa para identificar los procesos de plasticidad neuronal y el contexto sociocultural de los estudiantes. Se realizarán entrevistas, grupos focales y se diseñará una cartilla pedagógica con ejercicios para estimular la plasticidad neuronal. Este estudio podría generar estrategias educativas novedosas para mejorar la memoria a largo plazo y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, con potencial impacto en su desarrollo cognitivo y bienestar emocional. Este proyecto tiene el potencial de transformar la forma en que se enseña y se aprende, promoviendo un aprendizaje más efectivo y duradero para todos los estudiantes. Los beneficios que tiene el llevar a cabo estos procesos de plasticidad neuronal se basan en mejorar el aprendizaje y la memoria, fomenta el desarrollo cognitivo, promover el bienestar emocional,variedad en los m´rtodos de enseñanza, actividades que fomenten la atención, aprendizaje basado en experiencias,retroalimentación efectiva.
Frequency-resolved lags in UV/optical continuum reverberation mapping
Creators: name: Cackett, Edward M.
name: Zoghbi, Abderahmen
name: Ulrich, Otho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, continuum reverberation mapping involving high cadence UV/optical monitoring campaigns of nearby Active Galactic Nuclei has been used to infer the size of their accretion disks. One of the main results from these campaigns has been that in many cases the accretion disks appear too large, by a factor of 2 - 3, compared to standard models. Part of this may be due to diffuse continuum emission from the broad line region (BLR), which is indicated by excess lags around the Balmer jump. Standard cross correlation lag analysis techniques are usually used to just recover the peak or centroid lag and can not easily distinguish between reprocessing from the disk and BLR. However, frequency-resolved lag analysis, where the lag is determined at each Fourier frequency, has the potential to separate out reprocessing on different size scales. Here we present simulations to demonstrate the potential of this method and then apply a maximum likelihood approach to determine frequency-resolved lags in NGC 5548. We find that the lags in NGC 5548 generally decrease smoothly with increasing frequency, and are not easily described by accretion disk reprocessing alone. The standard cross correlation lags are consistent with lags at frequencies lower than 0.1 per day, indicating they are dominated from reprocessing at size scales greater than about 10 light days. A combination of a more distant reprocessor, consistent with the BLR, along with a standard-sized accretion disk is more consistent with the observed lags than a larger disk alone.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
The impact of hospital medical day care on inpatient use
Creators: name: Romilly, Lorna Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The impact of the introduction of hospital medical day care programs on inpatient use was studied, to see if there was a reduction in average lengths of stay, cases or patient days, for those diagnostic categories in the programs. The provincial government funded these programs to create an alternative to hospitalization. Studies on the issue of whether or not day care is an alternative or substitutes for inpatient use were examined. Interest in ambulatory care is growing because of the increasing age of the population, increasing duration of chronic illness and increasing costs of hospital services. Three programs at Lions Gate Hospital in North Vancouver, B.C. were chosen: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (CO.L.D.) program, Diabetic Day Care,and the Neuro (Neurology) program. The population for study were divided into four groups: those from North and West Vancouver who used Lions Gate Hospital, patients from the rest of the Greater Vancouver Regional District (G.V.R.D.) who used other G.V.R.D. hospitals, arid to allow for 'spill-out' cases, those from North and West Vancouver who used other hospitals in the province and those from the rest of the G.V.R.D. who used Lions Gate Hospital. The methodology involved the use of a multiple time series design which would allow some comparison before and after the introduction of the CO.L.D. program, as well as comparison between the North Shore and the rest of the G.V.R.D. A regression analysis, using a dummy variable for the CO.L.D. program, on average length, of stay, cases and patient days showed no statistically significant results. The data collection period, 1970 to 1979/80, does not provide conclusive answers for Diabetic Day Care, introduced at Lions Gate Hospital in 1966 and in some of the hospitals of the rest of the G.V.R.D. in 1972, or for the Neuro program, introduced at Lions Gate Hospital in 1979. However, population and age adjusted cases and patient days for all three programs are consistently higher in the rest of the G.V.R.D. when compared with North and West Vancouver and deserve further investigation. The implications from this study, that there is no impact from medical day care, programs on rates of inpatient use, is consistent with similar studies on Diabetic Day Care and Day Care Surgery. The health care system does not seem to be able to respond to innovations of this type and they are additions to existing services.
Organisierte Kriminalität und Wohnungseinbruch: Tatorte und Tatbegehungsmuster
Creators: name: Isenhardt, Anna
name: Dreißigacker, Arne
name: Wollinger, Gina Rosa
name: Johanningmeier, Louisa
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Wohnungseinbruchdiebstahl
Organisierte Kriminalität
Geodaten-Analyse
Deutschland

description: Der vorliegende Beitrag basiert auf einer quantitativen Aktenanalyse von 25 in Deutschland geführten Strafverfahren aus den Jahren 2013 bis 2016, die von den zuständigen Ermittlungsbehörden als Organisierte Kriminalität (OK) im Zusammenhang mit Wohnungseinbruchdiebstahl definiert wurden. Ziel der hier vorgestellten Analyse war es, die Art der Tatobjekte, die geografische Verteilung der Tatorte, die räumliche Distanz zwischen Tatorten und ermittelten Meldeadressen der Täterinnen und Täter sowie die Zeiträume der begangenen Wohnungseinbrüche zu untersuchen. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass mehrheitlich in Einfamilienhäuser im Umland dicht besiedelter Räume eingebrochen und der Zugang über Fenster im Erdgeschoss gewählt wurde. Während einige Gruppierungen in einem engen, regional begrenzten Umkreis agierten, waren andere bundesländerübergreifend aktiv und legten dabei z.T. weite Distanzen zurück.
Entanglement Trapping in Structured Environments
Creators: name: Bellomo, Bruno
name: Franco, Rosario Lo
name: Maniscalco, Sabrina
name: Compagno, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement dynamics of two independent qubits each embedded in a structured environment under conditions of inhibition of spontaneous emission is analyzed, showing entanglement trapping. We demonstrate that entanglement trapping can be used efficiently to prevent entanglement sudden death. For the case of realistic photonic band-gap materials, we show that high values of entanglement trapping can be achieved. This result is of both fundamental and applicative interest since it provides a physical situation where the entanglement can be preserved and manipulated, e.g. by Stark-shifting the qubit transition frequency outside and inside the gap.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. on Friday 16 May 2008
Einflussfaktoren der Punitivität im Vergleich verschiedener Erhebungsmethoden
Creators: name: Kamenowski, Maria
name: Baier, Dirk
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Befragung
Strafeinstellungen
Einflussfaktoren
Messinstrumente

description: Punitive Einstellungen stellen eine wichtige Dimension kriminalitätsbezogener Wahrnehmungen dar. Bei punitiven Einstellungen handelt es sich um die Tendenz von Individuen, sich positiv zu harten Strafen zu positionieren. Bislang existiert in der Forschung allerdings kein Konsens darüber, wie punitive Einstellungen erfasst werden sollten. Mindestens drei Konzeptionen sind zu unterscheiden: Einzelitem-Instrumente, Punitivitätsskalen und die Vignettentechnik. Alle drei Ansätze sind der Kritik ausgesetzt. Beispielsweise ist der wesentliche Kritikpunkt von Einzelitem-Instrumenten, dass verschiedene Assoziationen hervorgerufen werden, was die Validität und Reliabilität einschränkt. Punitivitätsskalen sind der gleichen Kritik ausgesetzt. Vignetten ermöglichen hingegen, die Vielgestaltigkeit von Assoziationen zu reduzieren, insofern detaillierte Fälle geschildert werden. Die Bewertung in Form eines verhängten Strafmasses ist konkreter. Negativ jedoch ist die begrenzte Generalisierbarkeit dieser Erhebungstechnik. In einer schweizweit repräsentativen, schriftlichen Befragung (N > 2000) wurden alle drei Formen der Erfassung von punitiven Einstellungen eingesetzt (Einstellung zur Todesstrafe, 4-Item-Skala zum Strafen und Vignetten). Im Beitrag werden erstens Ergebnisse zur Verbreitung der Punitivität auf Basis der verschiedenen Messungen präsentiert. Zweitens werden verschiedene Einflussfaktoren (u.a. Soziodemografie, politische Einstellungen) daraufhin geprüft, inwieweit sie in differenzieller Weise mit den drei Punitivitätsmaßen in Zusammenhang stehen.
Technology Transfer - A View from the Ukraine
Creators: name: Sohatsky, Vadim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper sets out to demonstrate how practical training and hands-on involvement in vegetable production has integrated Western and Ukrainian technologies into a successful system of vegetable production that is sympathetic to the needs of Ukraine and it's people.
Your conclusion and support are the conclusions of the paper. The paper is the view of a young, but experienced Ukrainian Agronomist, who has developed from theory into management practise.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Mapping breakpoint types: an exploratory study
Creators: name: Fontana, Eduardo Andreetta
name: Petrillo, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Debugging is a relevant task for finding bugs during software development, maintenance, and evolution. During debugging, developers use modern IDE debuggers to analyze variables, step execution, and set breakpoints. Observing IDE debuggers, we find several breakpoint types. However, what are the breakpoint types? The goal of our study is to map the breakpoint types among IDEs and academic literature. Thus, we mapped the gray literature on the documentation of the nine main IDEs used by developers according to the three public rankings. In addition, we performed a systematic mapping of academic literature over 68 articles describing breakpoint types. Finally, we analyzed the developers understanding of the main breakpoint types through a questionnaire. We present three main contributions: (1) the mapping of breakpoint types (IDEs and literature), (2) compiled definitions of breakpoint types, (3) a breakpoint type taxonomy. Our contributions provide the first step to organize breakpoint IDE taxonomy and lexicon, and support further debugging research.
Agricultural Education in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Norman, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The provision of Agricultural Education in the United Kingdom is reviewed from the establishment of the first Chair of Agriculture in 1790 up to the present time. This includes the establishment and development of agricultural education institutions over the years. Similarly the range of course provision, originally focusing on agriculture but now providing for the whole range of the Land-based industries is surveyed. Full time and part time courses now offered range from agricultural studies in schools to degree and post-Graduate qualifications. Particular reference is made to the programmes of education and training which are currently available in Management and Supervisory studies. The paper concludes by referring to the new National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) in subjects relating to the Land-based Industries and new General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs) which are currently being developed in this subject area. Finally, a number of questions are posed about possible future developments in Agricultural Education in the UK.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
How Shall We Educate the Future Farmer, If We Want To Do So
Creators: name: Boer, C.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The question is raised if agricultural education and training are important tools in preparing youngsters to become good farmers. If the answer is yes, we have to describe the contents of agricultural education and training as a basis for an educational plan and for the practical working out of this plan. The paper ends with a discussion about the desirable structure of agricultural education and training, knowing that the experts in the countries of Northern Europe have developed different educational systems. These systems have to be compared.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
A Bitter Pill: The Primordial Lithium Problem Worsens
Creators: name: Cyburt, Richard H.
name: Fields, Brian D.
name: Olive, Keith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lithium problem arises from the significant discrepancy between the primordial 7Li abundance as predicted by BBN theory and the WMAP baryon density, and the pre-Galactic lithium abundance inferred from observations of metal-poor (Population II) stars. This problem has loomed for the past decade, with a persistent discrepancy of a factor of 2--3 in 7Li/H. Recent developments have sharpened all aspects of the Li problem. Namely: (1) BBN theory predictions have sharpened due to new nuclear data, particularly the uncertainty on 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be, has reduced to 7.4%, and with a central value shift of ~ +0.04 keV barn. (2) The WMAP 5-year data now yields a cosmic baryon density with an uncertainty reduced to 2.7%. (3) Observations of metal-poor stars have tested for systematic effects, and have reaped new lithium isotopic data. With these, we now find that the BBN+WMAP predicts 7Li/H = (5.24+0.71-0.67) 10^{-10}. The Li problem remains and indeed is exacerbated; the discrepancy is now a factor 2.4--4.3 or 4.2sigma (from globular cluster stars) to 5.3sigma (from halo field stars). Possible resolutions to the lithium problem are briefly reviewed, and key nuclear, particle, and astronomical measurements highlighted.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures. Comments welcome
The Environment and Farming
Creators: name: Richardson, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Farm Management
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: It is self evident that the environment is central to successful and sustainable agriculture. Yet many farmers have, in the past, found themselves at odds with environmentalists whose demands they have found unreasonable and, perhaps more seriously, unprofitable. The challenge was to find common ground on which reasonable people from both interest groups could meet and agree.
LEAF believes that Integrated Crop Management, which it promotes and seeks to develop, could be that common ground. It advocates lower, more targeted inputs of fertilisers and agrochemicals which it believes can produce optimum yields and maximum profit. The concept has already brought together a wide range of previously antagonistic interest groups with representatives of farming, the supply trade, food processing and retailing and the environment, working together in unity. It is part of a multi national initiative which has spread across much of Europe and beyond.
Its moderate, balanced approach enjoys widespread support. It has been recognised by some prominent politicians as "the way forward for agriculture".
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
New Technology in Crop Production: The Case of Small Farmers
Creators: name: Peres, Fernando C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The following discussion relates how Latin America's small farmers were left behind its economic mainstream. The region has substantial parts of its population living in the agricultural sector as small farmers. It is indicated that technological, educational and organizational problems are causing high urban/rural migration rates. Urban areas, on the other hand, are not able to provide jobs to those families in the short run. Therefore, housing, health, and mainly, urban safety problems are aggravated. The paper closes with comments on the strategic actions suggested to help small farmers' economic and social development.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
The Technology & Benefits of Precision Farming
Creators: name: Toft, Morten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The object of this paper is to present the concept of precision farming, a new technology in its infancy. The aim is to explain the reasoning behind the concept. This involves a brief update on past farming practices and why we should leave these. It continues to outline our possibilities for the future - the technics and technology needed to implement precision farming. Finally it argues the benefits to the future user.
description: Tenth International Farm Management Congress, The University of Reading, UK, July 10-15, 1995
Existence, uniqueness and approximation of a stochastic Schrödinger equation: the diffusive case
Creators: name: Pellegrini, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60F05, 60G35 (Primary), 60J60 (Secondary)

description: Recent developments in quantum physics make heavy use of so-called "quantum trajectories." Mathematically, this theory gives rise to "stochastic Schrödinger equations", that is, perturbation of Schrödinger-type equations under the form of stochastic differential equations. But such equations are in general not of the usual type as considered in the literature. They pose a serious problem in terms of justifying the existence and uniqueness of a solution, justifying the physical pertinence of the equations. In this article we concentrate on a particular case: the diffusive case, for a two-level system. We prove existence and uniqueness of the associated stochastic Schrödinger equation. We physically justify the equations by proving that they are a continuous-time limit of a concrete physical procedure for obtaining a quantum trajectory.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOP391 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Contextuality, Fine-Tuning, and Teleological Explanation
Creators: name: Adlam, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I assess various proposals for the source of the intuition that there is something problematic about contextuality, ultimately concluding that contextuality is best thought of in terms of fine-tuning. I then argue that as with other fine-tuning problems in quantum mechanics, this behaviour can be understood as a manifestation of teleological features of physics. Finally I discuss several formal mathematical frameworks that have been used to analyse contextuality and consider how their results should be interpreted by scientific realists. In the course of this discussion I obtain several new mathematical results - I demonstrate that preparation contextuality is a form of fine-tuning, I show that measurement contextuality can be explained by appeal to a global constraint forbidding closed causal loops, and I demonstrate how negative probabilities can arise from a classical ontological model together with an epistemic restriction.
description: Forthcoming in Foundations of Physics
A theory of ferromagnetism by Ettore Majorana
Creators: name: Esposito, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and analyze in detail an unknown theory of ferromagnetism developed by Ettore Majorana as early as the beginnings of 1930s, substantially different in the methods employed from the well-known Heisenberg theory of 1928 (and from later formulations by Bloch and others). Similarly to this, however, it describes successfully the main features of ferromagnetism, although the key equation for the spontaneous mean magnetization and the expression for the Curie temperature are different from those deduced in the Heisenberg theory (and in the original phenomenological Weiss theory). The theory presented here contains also a peculiar prediction for the number of nearest neighbors required to realize ferromagnetism, which avoids the corresponding arbitrary assumption made by Heisenberg on the basis of known (at that time) experimental observations. Some applications of the theory (linear chain, triangular chain, etc.) are, as well, considered.
description: Latex, amsart, 16 pages, 4 figures
Monte Carlo Study of an Inhomogeneous Blume-Capel Model
Creators: name: Pittman, S. M.
name: Batrouni, G. G.
name: Scalettar, R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems of particles in a confining potential exhibit a spatially dependent density which fundamentally alters the nature of phase transitions that occur. A specific instance of this situation, which is being extensively explored currently, concerns the properties of ultra-cold, optically trapped atoms. Of interest is how the superfluid-insulator transition is modified by the inhomogeneity, and, indeed, the extent to which a sharp transition survives at all. This paper explores a classical analog of these systems, the Blume-Capel model with a spatially varying single ion anisotropy and/or temperature gradient. We present results both for the nature of the critical properties and for the validity of the "local density approximation" which is often used to model the inhomogeneous case. We compare situations when the underlying uniform transition is first and second order.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Strong dipolar effects in a quantum ferrofluid
Creators: name: Lahaye, Thierry
name: Koch, Tobias
name: Froehlich, Bernd
name: Fattori, Marco
name: Metz, Jonas
name: Griesmaier, Axel
name: Giovanazzi, Stefano
name: Pfau, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the realization of a Chromium Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with strong dipolar interaction. By using a Feshbach resonance, we reduce the usual isotropic contact interaction, such that the anisotropic magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between 52Cr atoms becomes comparable in strength. This induces a change of the aspect ratio of the cloud, and, for strong dipolar interaction, the inversion of ellipticity during expansion - the usual "smoking gun" evidence for BEC - can even be suppressed. These effects are accounted for by taking into account the dipolar interaction in the superfluid hydrodynamic equations governing the dynamics of the gas, in the same way as classical ferrofluids can be described by including dipolar terms in the classical hydrodynamic equations. Our results are a first step in the exploration of the unique properties of quantum ferrofluids.
description: Final, published version
Detection of a Third Planet in the HD 74156 System Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
Creators: name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: McArthur, Barbara E.
name: Benedict, G. Fritz
name: Armstrong, Amber
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a third planetary mass companion to the G0 star HD 74156. High precision radial velocity measurements made with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope aided the detection of this object. The best fit triple Keplerian model to all the available velocity data yields an orbital period of 347 days and minimum mass of 0.4 M_Jup for the new planet. We determine revised orbital periods of 51.7 and 2477 days, and minimum masses of 1.9 and 8.0 M_Jup respectively for the previously known planets. Preliminary calculations indicate that the derived orbits are stable, although all three planets have significant orbital eccentricities (e = 0.64, 0.43, and 0.25). With our detection, HD 74156 becomes the eighth normal star known to host three or more planets. Further study of this system's dynamical characteristics will likely give important insight to planet formation and evolutionary processes.
description: 24 pages, 4 tables, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. V2 fixed table 4 page overrun. V3 added references
Freier Zugang zu Know-how? Die strafrechtlichen Grenzen des Geheimnisverrates in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
Creators: name: Knickmeier, Susanne
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Wirtschaftsspionage
Konkurrenzausspähung
strafrechtlicher Schutz von Geschäftsgeheimnissen
(grenzüberschreitende) Strafverfolgung

description: Mit der Digitalisierung von Daten haben die Möglichkeiten eines Zugangs zu Informationen und der freie Zugang zu ihnen zugenommen. Aber nicht jede Information soll nach dem Willen des Geheimnisinhabers frei verfügbar sein. Manche Unternehmen entwickeln ein Know-how, das sie selber gewinnbringend verwerten möchten, andere Unternehmen, wie zum Beispiel Versicherungen, möchten ihre Kundendaten für eigene Zwecke nutzen. Eine Verwendung geheimer Informationen durch Dritte kann existenzbedrohende Folgen haben. Geschützt wird der Verrat von Geschäftsgeheimnissen abhängig davon, wer der Täter ist, durch verschiedene strafrechtliche Normen mit unterschiedlichen Strafandrohungen. Nach einem kurzen Uberblick über den Phänomenbereich der Wirtschaftsspionage und Konkurrenzausspähung werden in dem vorliegenden Beitrag die Rechtslage und mögliche Rechtsfolgen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz sowie die Herausforderungen für Strafverfolgungsbehörden vor allem bei grenzüberschreitenden Fällen oder Cyberangriffen verglichen und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse beruhen auf den Daten von exemplarischen Fallstudien in Österreich (12 Fälle) und der Schweiz (15 Fälle) sowie der Analyse von über 700 Strafverfahren in Deutschland, die im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten Forschungsprojektes WISKOS erhoben wurden.
Analyse selektiver und indizierter Extremismusprävention
Creators: name: Meier, Bernd-Dieter
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Extremismusprävention
Ausstiegsbegleitung
Distanzierung
Deradikalisierung
Legalbewährung

description: Berichtet wird über die Methodik und die ersten Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts zu den messbaren Wirkungen der Extremismusprävention. Die Untersuchung beschränkte sich auf die Maßnahmen der selektiven und der indizierten Prävention in den Phänomenbereichen des Rechtsextremismus und des Islamismus in Deutschland im Jahr 2018. Die Untersuchung wurde gefördert vom deutschen Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. In der praktischen Umsetzung der für die Untersuchung entwickelten Konzeption war das Projekt mit erheblichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert, die sich insbesondere auf die Güte der erhobenen quantitativen Daten auswirkte. Dennoch konnte beispielsweise gezeigt werden, dass die Ausstiegsbegleitung radikalisierter Personen dann erfolgreicher zu sein scheint, wenn die Angehörigen der Betroffenen in die Begleitung einbezogen werden.
Bürgerschaftliche Beurteilung von Sicherheitsakteuren im öffentlichen Raum
Creators: name: Pehle, Sigrid
Publisher: name: Forum Verlag Godesberg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Plurales Polizieren
Bürgerperspektive
Sicherheitsakteur

description: Dieser Artikel zeigt erste Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt "Pluralisierung lokaler urbaner Sicherheitsproduktion - interdisziplinäre Analysen für ein kontextadäquates, legitimes, effizientes und effektives plurales Polizieren". Einführend wird der Aufbau des Forschungsprojekts dargestellt, sodann schließt sich eine Beschreibung der identifizierten Modelle des pluralen Polizierens innerhalb der Untersuchungsstädte an. Daran schließen sich Ergebnisse der Bevölkerungsbefragung an, mit Hilfe derer das subjektive Sicherheitsgefühl im Hellen und im Dunkeln sowie die Sichtbarkeit und Bewertung der Sicherheitsakteure in den Innenstädten untersucht wurde. Ein kurzer Ausblick führt die entwickelten Modelle mit den Ergebnissen der Bevölkerungswahrnehmung zusammen.
Effects of $ϕ$-meson on properties of hyperon stars in density dependent relativistic mean field model
Creators: name: Tu, Zhong-Hao
name: Zhou, Shan-Gui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of $ϕ$-meson on properties of hyperon stars are studied systematically in the framework of the density dependent relativistic mean field (DDRMF) model. The $ϕ$-meson shifts hyperon threshold to a higher density and reduces the hyperon fractions in neutron star cores. It also strongly stiffens the equation of state (EoS) calculated with various DDRMF effective interactions and increases the maximum mass of hyperon stars, but only a few effective interactions survive under the constraints from recent astrophysical observations. In the DDRMF model, the conformal limit of sound velocity is still in a strong tension with the fact that the maximum mass of neutron stars obtained in theoretical calculations reaches about two solar masses. Based on different interior composition assumptions, we discuss the possibility of the secondary object of GW190814 as a neutron star. When $ϕ$-meson is considered, DD-ME2 and DD-MEX support that the secondary object of GW190814 is a hyperon star rapidly rotating with Kepler frequency.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
Presentazione: Resartus. Viaggi, scoperte e visioni di Aby M. Warburg, Rubbettino, 2020
Creators: name: Gualtieri, Miriam; Inglese, Salvatore
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2021
Subjects: Warburg
biography
library
atlas
madness

description: Rubbettino has recently published, in the Nottole di Minerva series, the book Resartus. Travels, discoveries and visions of Aby M. Warburg by Miriam Gualtieri. The book “weaves” the many aspects of the character as well as the different perspectives of the many disciplines studied by Warburg, in order to bring out elements of his biographical story so far ignored, neglected or misunderstood. In doing so, the author has chosen a similar framework for presenting the narrative used by Warburg to organize the books in his library (Mnemosyne) and the images in his atlas (Bilderatlas).