cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
TODIM Method for Group Decision Making under Bipolar Neutrosophic Set Environment
Creators: name: Surapati Pramanik
name: Dalapati, Shyamal
name: Shariful Alam
name: Roy, Tapan Kumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: Classical TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for Interactive Multi criteria Decision Making) method works on crisp numbers to solve multi-attribute group decision making problems. In this paper, we define TODIM method in bipolar neutrosophic set environment to handle multi-attribute group decision making
problems, which means we combine the TODIM with bipolar neutrosophic number to deal with multiattribute
group decision making problems.
Synchrotron Texture Analysis of Fine Grained Earth Materials
Creators: name: Jugle, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Synchrotron x-ray diffraction can be a useful tool in the study of fine grained materials. The highly focused, high energy beams combined with fast 2-dimensional detectors allow for the quantitative study of crystallographic preferred orientation (texture) of these difficult to study materials. Here, two different studies were done that demonstrate the range of applications for this technique. Shales display a large degree of seismic anisotropy, largely due to texturing of clay minerals. Eleven samples from the Green River and Mancos Shale formations were studied. P- and S-wave velocities were calculated based on orientation distributions obtained through Rietveld analysis. P-wave anisotropy was found to range from 0.4% to 7.1% in Green River samples, and from 1.8% to 7.6% in Mancos Shale samples. This is found to be similar to, but generally lower than, that of other shales previously studied around the world. This is due to lower average clay volume fractions in the Green River and Mancos samples studied here. The clay volume fraction and the intrinsic P-wave anisotropy in the samples studied here and in previous work show a linear correlation. The D" region of the lower mantle lies just above the core mantle boundary and exhibits complex seismic anisotropy. The post-perovskite phase of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 is thought to be one of the main mineral phases here, and it is possible that texturing (preferred orientation) of the mineral is responsible for a large portion of the seismic anisotropy observed in the D". Texture development in other post-perovskite structured compounds, including MgSiO3, MgGeO3, and CaIrO3, have been studied. In this thesis, a new experiment was done on the NaMgF3 post-perovskite analog in order to further the study of these compounds. NaMgF3 perovskite was found to develop a strong (100) texture. NaMgF3 post-perovskite, synthesized from the perovskite phase, was found to have an initial texture of (130) oriented at high angles to compression. Upon compression, a secondary maximum near (001) develops, consistent with a dominant slip on (001)[100].
Prediction of the $CP$ asymmetry $C_{00}$ in $B^0 \to D^0\overline{D^0}$ decay
Creators: name: Sahoo, Dibyakrupa
name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
name: Kim, C. S.
name: Sinha, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Of all $B \to D \overline{D}$ decays, the $B^0 \to D^0 \overline{D^0}$ decay has the smallest observed branching ratio as it takes place primarily via the suppressed $W$-exchange diagram. The $CP$ asymmetry for this mode is yet to be measured experimentally. By exploiting the relationship among the decay amplitudes of $B \to D\overline{D}$ decays (using isospin and topological amplitudes) we are able to relate the $CP$ asymmetries and branching ratios by a simple expression. This enables us to predict the $CP$ asymmetry $C_{00}$ in $B^0 \to D^0 \overline{D^0}$. While the predicted central values of $C_{00}$ are outside the physically allowed region, they are currently associated with large uncertainties owing to the large errors in the measurements of the $B^0 \to D^0 \overline{D^0}$ branching ratio ($B_{00}$), the other $CP$ asymmetries $C_{+-}$ (of $B^0 \to D^+ D^-$) and $A_{\text{CP}}$ (of $B^+ \to D^+ \overline{D^0}$). With a precise determination of $B_{00}$, $C_{+-}$ and $A_{\text{CP}}$, one can use our analytical result to predict $C_{00}$ with a reduced error and compare it with the experimental measurement when it becomes available. The correlation between $B_{00}$ and $C_{00}$ is an interesting aspect that can be probed in ongoing and future particle physics experiments such as LHCb and Belle II.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in JHEP
X-rays from the Type II quasar in the hyperluminous infrared galaxy IRAS F15307+3252
Creators: name: Iwasawa, K.
name: Crawford, C. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Wilman, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of X-ray emission from the hyperluminous infrared galaxy IRAS F15307+3252 at z=0.93 and its properties obtained from XMM-Newton observations. Although the X-ray emission is very faint and the data are noisy, a prominent line-like feature in the observed 3-4 keV range is inferred from both photometric and spectroscopic techniques. It indicates an X-ray spectrum dominated by 6.4 keV Fe K emission and the presence of a Compton-thick AGN. Our estimate of the luminosity of the illuminating source (L(2-10keV)>=1e45 erg/s), required to produce the observed Fe K emission in reflection from cold matter, means that the hidden quasar nucleus accounts for a significant fraction of the large bolometric luminosity. The soft X-ray emission below 2 keV is found to be spatially extended and probably of a separate origin. The temperature and bolometric luminosity (kT=2 keV and L(bol,CL)=1e44 erg/s) obtained from a thermal spectrum place this X-ray source on the L-Tx relation of galaxy clusters. The possible association with a galaxy cluster can be added to the list of remarkable similarities between IRAS F15307+3252 and another hyperluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 09104+4109 (z=0.44), both of which have bolometric luminosities dominated by hidden quasar nuclei. Our result on IRAS F15307+3252 illustrates how difficult it is to detect Compton thick Type II quasars at z>=1, particularly if their bolometric outputs do not rival the hyperluminous population.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Covariant background field calculation of ultraviolet counterterms
Creators: name: Filho, F. M. de Carvalho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the covariant background field method, we calculate the ultraviolet counter\-terms up to two-loop order and discuss the renormalizability of the three-dimensional non-linear sigma models with arbitrary Riemannian manifolds as target spaces. We investigate the bosonic model and its supersymmetric extension. We show that at the one-loop level these models are renormalizable and even finite when the manifolds are Ricci-flat. However, at the two-loop order, we find non-renormalizable counterterms in all cases considered, so the renormalizability and finiteness of such models are completely lost in this order.
description: 17 pages, latex, 5 eps figures
Additional file 5 of Transcriptional profile of Trichomonas vaginalis in response to metronidazole
Creators: name: Xie, Yiting
name: Zhong, Ping
name: Guan, Wei
name: Zhao, Yanqing
name: Yang, Shuguo
name: Shao, Yan
name: Li, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 5
Probing F-theory With Branes
Creators: name: Banks, Tom
name: Douglas, Michael R.
name: Seiberg, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Last week, A. Sen found an explicit type I string compactification dual to the eight-dimensional F-theory construction with SO(8)^4 nonabelian gauge symmetry. He found that the perturbations around the enhanced symmetry point were described by the mathematics of the solution of N=2, d=4 SU(2) gauge theory with four flavors, and argued more generally that global symmetry enhancement in CN=2, d=4 gauge theories corresponded to gauge symmetry enhancement in F-theory. We show that these N=2, d=4 gauge theories have a physical interpretation in the theory. They are the world-volume theories of 3-branes parallel to the 7-branes. They can be used to probe the structure of the exact quantum F-theory solutions. On the Higgs branch of the moduli space, the objects are equivalent to finite size instantons in the 7-brane gauge theory.
description: harvmac, 7 pp
Thermodynamics of fluids in mesoporous media
Creators: name: Cho, Hyeyoung
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Unconventional resources (shale resources) have played a key role in increasing oil production in the past decade in the U.S. The sizes of pores in shales storing the oil are believed to be on the order of nanometers. It is believed that the fluids present in such small nanometer-scale pores have different properties compared to properties measured in the bulk. Fluid bubble points at given temperatures in the nano-sized pores are affected by the influence of pore walls in the vicinity of the fluid molecules. Bubble points affect the proportion of liquid or gas extracted from a given well and, thus, impact the economic viability of oil production. Hence, an accurate measure of a bubble point is important. Most studies on phase behavior of confined fluid systems have focused on modeling pore size dependence upon critical properties with no direct experimental evidence. In this work, direct bubble point measurements of hydrocarbon mixtures in several porous materials are provided. Two different synthesized mesoporous silica materials, SBA-15 and SBA-16, having nano-sized pores of about 4 nm, were used. Mesoporous monoliths with only nano-sized pores and no macro pores were also synthesized using a unique procedure developed in this study. Finally, to see the industrial application of this work, the Niobrara rock which is from one of the famous shale reservoirs in the U.S. was used. These porous materials were characterized well by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Binary mixtures of hydrocarbons (decane-methane, octane-methane) with 90:10 mole ratio were employed. The phase diagrams of those hydrocarbon mixtures were modeled using a commercial thermodynamic simulator. The bubble point of bulk (no porous medium) mixtures of decane-methane and octane-methane, and the bubble point with porous materials (SBA-15, SBA-16, and mesoporous monoliths) were measured experimentally. Experiments were also performed with micrometer-sized sand particles and the Niobrara rock. The bubble point results of the hydrocarbon mixtures in the porous materials and the Niobrara rock were lower than those in the bulk, while the bubble points with sand were closer to those with bulk measurements. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) results showed that the boiling points of pure decane and decane saturated in the monolith were different, possibly due to the confinement effect. This study shows the phase behavior of hydrocarbons in a confined system is different from that in the bulk system.
X-ray chemistry in envelopes around young stellar objects
Creators: name: Staeuber, P.
name: Doty, S. D.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Benz, A. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present chemical models of the envelope of a young stellar object (YSO) exposed to a central X-ray source. The models are applied to the massive star-forming region AFGL 2591 for different X-ray fluxes. The total X-ray ionization rate is dominated by the `secondary' ionization rate of H2 resulting from fast electrons. The carbon, sulphur and nitrogen chemistries are discussed. It is found that He+ and H3+ are enhanced and trigger a peculiar chemistry. Several molecular X-ray tracers are found and compared to tracers of the far ultraviolet (FUV) field. Like ultraviolet radiation fields, X-rays enhance simple hydrides, ions and radicals. In contrast to ultraviolet photons, X-rays can penetrate deep into the envelope and affect the chemistry even at large distances from the source. Whereas the FUV enhanced species cover a region of 200-300 AU, the region enhanced by X-rays is >1000 AU. Best-fit models for AFGL 2591 predict an X-ray luminosity LX > 1e+31 ergs/s with a hard X-ray spectrum TX > 3e+07 K. Furthermore, we find LX/Lbol ~ 1e-6. The chemistry of the bulk of the envelope mass is dominated by cosmic-ray induced reactions rather than by X-ray induced ionization for X-ray luminosities LX < 1e+33 ergs/s. The calculated line intensities of HCO+ and HCS+ show that high-J lines are more affected than lower J lines by the presence of X-rays due to their higher critical densities, and that such differences are detectable even with large aperture single-dish telescopes. Future instruments such as Herschel-HIFI or SOFIA will be able to observe X-ray enhanced hydrides whereas the sensitivity and spatial resolution of ALMA is well-suited to measure the size and geometry of the region affected by X-rays.
description: 25 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Geometric Singularities and Enhanced Gauge Symmetries
Creators: name: Bershadsky, M.
name: Intriligator, K.
name: Kachru, S.
name: Morrison, D. R.
name: Sadov, V.
name: Vafa, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using ``Tate's algorithm,'' we identify loci in the moduli of F-theory compactifications corresponding to enhanced gauge symmetry. We apply this to test the proposed F-theory/heterotic dualities in six dimensions. We recover the perturbative gauge symmetry enhancements of the heterotic side and the physics of small $SO(32)$ instantons, and discover new mixed perturbative/non-perturbative gauge symmetry enhancements. Upon further toroidal compactification to 4 dimensions, we derive the chain of Calabi-Yau threefolds dual to various Coulomb branches of heterotic strings.
description: 49 pages harvmac big (must print in big mode for tables to appear correctly); Typos and reference corrected
The Ingenuity of Neutrosophic Topology via N-Topology
Creators: name: M. Lellis Thivagar
name: S. Jafari
name: V. Antonysamy
name: V. Sutha Devi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: In this paper we desire to extend the neutrosophic topological spaces into N-neutrosophic topological spaces.
Black-body radiation in extra dimensions
Creators: name: Alnes, H.
name: Ravndal, F.
name: Wehus, I. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general form of the Stefan-Boltzmann law for the energy density of black-body radiation is generalized to a spacetime with extra dimensions using standard kinetic and thermodynamic arguments. From statistical mechanics one obtains an exact formula. In a field-theoretic derivation, the Maxwell field must be quantized. The notion of electric and magnetic fields is different in spacetimes with more than four dimensions. While the energy-momentum tensor for the Maxwell field is traceless in four dimensions, it is not so when there are extra dimensions. But it is shown that its thermal average is traceless and in agreement with the thermodynamic results.
description: 9 pages
Thermochemistry and Reactivity of Gadolinium Cation (Gd+): Energetics and Mechanistic Insights for Reactions with Hydrogen, Its Isotopologues, and Various Oxides
Creators: name: Demireva, Maria Plamenova
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Physical chemistry

description: The lanthanides that make up the f-block of the periodic table remain fairly unexplored experimentally such that there is a need for thermochemical information regarding these elements to better understand their reactivity and properties, including, for example, their potential usefulness as catalysts in organometallic and oxidation catalysis. In addition, these heavy elements are difficult to describe theoretically because of spin-orbit and relativistic effects and the many electronic configurations possible from the 4f electrons. Accurate thermochemistry measured from gas-phase experiments, where systems can be probed in isolation from solvent or substrate molecules, can serve as useful benchmarks for evaluating theoretical methods. The work described in this dissertation focuses on examining the gas-phase reactivity and thermochemistry of the lanthanide gadolinium cation (Gd+). Gd+ is found in the middle of the lanthanide series and has a 4f76s15d1 ground state valence electron configuration. This configuration (with two non-4f electrons) is unusual compared with most lanthanide cations, which typically have 4fn6s1 configurations (n corresponding to the remaining valence electrons). Guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry (GIBMS) is used here to investigate and measure the thermochemistry of the gas-phase activation of H2, O2, and CO2 by Gd+. Potential energy surfaces for the oxidation reactions with O2 and CO2 are characterized in great detail from these experiments. Quantum chemical calculations are performed and provide insight into the electronic states of the species probed in the experiments and a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanisms. Periodic trends are elucidated, where results indicate that Gd+ generally behaves more similarly to the group 3 transition metal cations scandium (Sc+) and yttrium (Y+) than to most lanthanide cations, which is attributable to similarities and differences in the electronic ground states of these ions, respectively. The extensive thermochemistry determined for Gd+ in this work can serve as valuable standards for comparing theoretical calculations against. Moreover, the mechanistic insights provided by these studies for the activation of H2, O2, and CO2 by Gd+ can potentially be useful in understanding the activation in analogous reactions with other metals, where this information can potentially lead to insight beneficial for the design of more effective catalysts.
Additional file 1 of Feasible intervention combinations for achieving a safe exit of the Zero-COVID policy in China and its determinants: an individual-based model study
Creators: name: Cheng, Qu
name: Hao, Xingjie
name: Wu, Degang
name: Wang, Qi
name: Spear, Robert C.
name: Wei, Sheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Mass loss at the lowest stellar masses
Creators: name: Fernandez, M.
name: Comeron, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a jet in a [SII] image of Par-Lup3-4, a remarkable M5-type pre-main sequence object in the Lupus 3 star-forming cloud. The spectrum of this star is dominated by the emission lines commonly interpreted as tracers of accretion and outflows. Par-Lup3-4 is therefore at the very low-mass end of the exciting sources of jets. High resolution spectroscopy shows that the [SII] line profile is double-peaked, implying that the low excitation jet is seen at a small angle (probably larger than 8 degrees) with respect to the plane of the sky. The width of the H_alpha line suggests a dominating contribution from the accretion columns and from the shocks on the stellar surface. Unresolved H_alpha emission coming from an object located at 4.2" from Par-Lup3-4 is detected at a position angle ~30 degrees or ~210 degrees, with no counterpart seen either in visible or infrared images.We also confirm previous evidence of strong mass loss from the very low mass star LS-RCrA 1, with spectral type M6.5 or later. All its forbidden lines are blueshifted with respect to the local standard of rest (LSR) of the molecular cloud at a position very close to the object and the line profile of the [OI] lines is clearly asymmetric. Thus, the receding jet could be hidden by a disk which is not seen edge-on. If an edge-on disk does not surround Par-Lup3-4 or LS-RCrA 1, an alternative explanation, possibly based on the effects of mass accretion, is required to account for their unusually low luminosities.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Three-Dimensional Forward Modeling and Inversion of Magnetic Induced Polarization (MIP) Data Using the Integral Equation Method
Creators: name: Feng, Shihang
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology

description: The electrical induced polarization (EIP) method has been used in mineral exploration for over half a century, but its application was limited due to the relatively high cost involved and a requirement of using a galvanic source and receivers having a direct contact with the ground. In order to overcome these limitations, the magnetic induced polarization (MIP) method was introduced. However, interpretation of the MIP data in a complex three-dimensional (3D) environment represents a very challenging problem. In this thesis, a new method of interpretation of 3D MIP data was introduced based on the generalized effective medium theory of induced polarization (GEMTIP). The GEMTIP model was established to describe the induced polarization (IP) effect in complex heterogeneous rock samples. I have incorporated the GEMTIP model with the integral equation (IE) method to simulate the magnetic field caused by the IP effect. I have also developed an inversion algorithm based on the regularized conjugate gradient method. The inversion produces a 3D distribution of the four parameters of the GEMTIP model-matrix conductivity (σ0) (or DC resistivity ρ0= 1/σ0), fraction volume (f), time constant (t), and relaxation parameter (C). The developed methods and computer codes were tested on synthetic MIP data. I have also applied this new method for interpretation of the synthetic MIP data computer simulated for the real geological structure of the Silver Bell area in Arizona.
Magnetocapillary self-assemblies: locomotion and micromanipulation along a liquid interface
Creators: name: Grosjean, Galien
name: Hubert, Maxime
name: Vandewalle, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an overview and discussion of magnetocapillary self-assemblies. New results are presented, in particular concerning the possible development of future applications. These self-organizing structures possess the notable ability to move along an interface when powered by an oscillatory, uniform magnetic field. The system is constructed as follows. Soft magnetic particles are placed on a liquid interface, and submitted to a magnetic induction field. An attractive force due to the curvature of the interface around the particles competes with an interaction between magnetic dipoles. Ordered structures can spontaneously emerge from these conditions. Furthermore, time-dependent magnetic fields can produce a wide range of dynamic behaviours, including non-time-reversible deformation sequences that produce translational motion at low Reynolds number. In other words, due to a spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry, the assembly can turn into a surface microswimmer. Trajectories have been shown to be precisely controllable. As a consequence, this system offers a way to produce microrobots able to perform different tasks. This is illustrated in this paper by the capture, transport and release of a floating cargo, and the controlled mixing of fluids at low Reynolds number.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures review paper
Multiple types of topological fermions in transition metal silicides
Creators: name: Tang, Peizhe
name: Zhou, Quan
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exotic massless fermionic excitations with non-zero Berry flux, other than Dirac and Weyl fermions, could exist in condensed matter systems under the protection of crystalline symmetries, such as spin-1 excitations with 3-fold degeneracy and spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger-Weyl fermions. Herein, by using ab initio density functional theory, we show that these unconventional quasiparticles coexist with type-I and type-II Weyl fermions in a family of transition metal silicides, including CoSi, RhSi, RhGe and CoGe, when the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is considered. Their non-trivial topology results in a series of extensive Fermi arcs connecting projections of these bulk excitations on side surface, which is confirmed by (010) surface electronic spectra of CoSi. In addition, these stable arc states exist within a wide energy window around the Fermi level, which makes them readily accessible in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Comments are welcome
Implicit Theories and Self-efficacy in an Introductory Programming Course
Creators: name: Tek, F. Boray
name: Benli, Kristin S.
name: Deveci, Ezgi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contribution: This study examined student effort and performance in an introductory programming course with respect to student-held implicit theories and self-efficacy. Background: Implicit theories and self-efficacy shed a light into understanding academic success, which must be considered when developing effective learning strategies for programming. Research Questions: Are implicit theories of intelligence and programming, and programming-efficacy related to each other and student success in programming? Is it possible to predict student course performance using a subset of these constructs? Methodology: Two consecutive surveys (N=100 and N=81) were administered to non-CS engineering students in Işık University. Findings: Implicit theories and self-beliefs are interrelated and correlated with effort, performance, and previous failures in the course and students explain failure in programming course with "programming-aptitude is fixed" theory, and also that programming is a difficult task for themselves.
description: Programming Education. 8 pages
Six-Dimensional Tensionless Strings In The Large N Limit
Creators: name: Ganor, Ori J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When $N$ five-branes of M-theory coincide the world-volume theory contains tensionless strings, according to Strominger's construction. This suggests a large $N$ limit of tensionless string theories. For the small $E_8$ instanton theories, the definition would be a large instanton number. An adiabatic argument suggests that in the large $N$ limit an effective extra uncompactified dimension might be observed. We also propose ``surface-equations'', which are an analog of Makeenko-Migdal loop-equations, and might describe correlators in the tensionless string theories. In these equations, the anti-self-dual two forms of 6D and the tensionless strings enter on an equal footing. Addition of strings with CFTs on their world-sheet is analogous to addition of matter in 4D QCD.
description: 34 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures added
Deep learning analysis of the myocardium in coronary CT angiography for identification of patients with functionally significant coronary artery stenosis
Creators: name: Zreik, Majd
name: Lessmann, Nikolas
name: van Hamersvelt, Robbert W.
name: Wolterink, Jelmer M.
name: Voskuil, Michiel
name: Viergever, Max A.
name: Leiner, Tim
name: Išgum, Ivana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In patients with coronary artery stenoses of intermediate severity, the functional significance needs to be determined. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement, performed during invasive coronary angiography (ICA), is most often used in clinical practice. To reduce the number of ICA procedures, we present a method for automatic identification of patients with functionally significant coronary artery stenoses, employing deep learning analysis of the left ventricle (LV) myocardium in rest coronary CT angiography (CCTA). The study includes consecutively acquired CCTA scans of 166 patients with FFR measurements. To identify patients with a functionally significant coronary artery stenosis, analysis is performed in several stages. First, the LV myocardium is segmented using a multiscale convolutional neural network (CNN). To characterize the segmented LV myocardium, it is subsequently encoded using unsupervised convolutional autoencoder (CAE). Thereafter, patients are classified according to the presence of functionally significant stenosis using an SVM classifier based on the extracted and clustered encodings. Quantitative evaluation of LV myocardium segmentation in 20 images resulted in an average Dice coefficient of 0.91 and an average mean absolute distance between the segmented and reference LV boundaries of 0.7 mm. Classification of patients was evaluated in the remaining 126 CCTA scans in 50 10-fold cross-validation experiments and resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74 +- 0.02. At sensitivity levels 0.60, 0.70 and 0.80, the corresponding specificity was 0.77, 0.71 and 0.59, respectively. The results demonstrate that automatic analysis of the LV myocardium in a single CCTA scan acquired at rest, without assessment of the anatomy of the coronary arteries, can be used to identify patients with functionally significant coronary artery stenosis.
description: This paper was submitted in April 2017 and accepted in November 2017 for publication in Medical Image Analysis. Please cite as: Zreik et al., Medical Image Analysis, 2018, vol. 44, pp. 72-85
Taxonomer: A Fast and Accurate Metagenomics Tool and Its Uses on Clinical Specimens
Creators: name: Simmon, Keith Eugene
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Advances in sequencing technologies have made it possible to generate large amounts of microbiological sequence data without culture methods. The data generated pose a significant data analysis challenge. This is especially true in clinical diagnostics where accurate and timely diagnoses are key. To enable infectious disease diagnostics, we created Taxonomer, a kmer-based metagenomics software tool, which can rapidly process large amounts of sequence data with accuracy and precision similar to slower alignment-based approaches. A kmer is a nucleotide subsequence of k length. Kmer exact matching is performed in RAM, utilizing data structures with rapid query times, making kmer approaches magnitudes faster than alignment methods. Prior to Taxonomer, other kmer-based methods were subject to high false positive rates. Taxonomer differs by 1) providing a workflow that reduces false-positives, 2) including host-transcript profiling, and 3) providing a novel protein kmer tool to identify viruses, which are typically too divergent to reliably identify using nucleotide sequence. A web-based front-end was created with the D3 enabled iobio framework. Reference sets utilized in Taxonomer were obtained from NCBI, GreenGenes, unite, and uniprot databases. A wide-range of simulated datasets and real clinical specimens were created or obtained to evaluate Taxonomer. Taxonomer was compared to previously published pipelines (SURPI), classifiers (Kraken, RDP classifier), and sequence alignment methods (BLAST, SNAP, RapSearch2, DIAMOND). Taxonomer was also iv compared to a commercially available respiratory virus panel and utilized on a large cohort of pneumonia positive patients that had previously undergone extensive microbiological diagnostics. Taxonomer had agreement at 98.7% with SURPI to assign reads at the phylum level. Taxonomer, RDP classifier, and Kraken classified simulated 16S rRNA reads correctly at the species level at 59.5, 61.7, and 46.0%, respectively. Protein classification using reads derived from viruses showed similar sensitivity to alignment-based methods with RapSearch2, and DIAMOND but with slightly decreased analysis times. Taxonomer provides an accurate workflow for processing samples in a diagnostic setting. It identifies bacteria, fungi, virus, and human transcripts from clinical specimens with accuracy comparable to alignment methods. Its web-based front-end makes it accessible to laboratories without significant compute resources.
The creation of three logical connectors to reapprove how comprehensive and effective the Neutrosophic logic is compared to the fuzzy logic and the classical logic
Creators: name: Bouzina, Salah
name: Hamoud, Djamel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: The main objective of this research is a simple attempt to suggest three new logical connectors and establish
an equation a chart of truth for each of them.
Quantum information-flow, concretely, and axiomatically
Creators: name: Coecke, Bob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: These lecture notes survey some joint work with Samson Abramsky. Somewhat informally I will discuss the main results in a pedestrian not too technical way. These include: (1) `The logic of entanglement', that is, the identification and abstract axiomatization of the `quantum information-flow' which enables protocols such as quantum teleportation. To this means we define strongly compact closed categories which abstractly capture the behavioral properties of quantum entanglement. (2) `Postulates for an abstract quantum formalism' in which classical information-flow (e.g. token exchange) is part of the formalism. As an example, we provide a purely formal description of quantum teleportation and prove correctness in abstract generality. In this formalism types reflect kinds, contra the essentially typeless von Neumann formalism. Hence even concretely this formalism manifestly improves on the usual one. (3) `A high-level approach to quantum informatics'.
description: Lecture notes of talks given between Summer 2003 and Spring 2004; they appeared (I guess) as conference proceedings of both QPLII (2004) and QI-SPIE-2 (2004); they also provide a physicist-friendly passage to the categorical quantum axiomatics
Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic dynamics during prolonged cycling in normoconvective and hyperconvective environments
Creators: name: Graetzer, Daniel Gunther
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cycling -- Physiological aspects

description: Twelve competitive cyclists performed 90-minute cycling bouts at 70% Vo2max in normoconvestive (wind speed,
Integrable nonlocal Hirota equations
Creators: name: Cen, Julia
name: Correa, Francisco
name: Fring, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct several new integrable systems corresponding to nonlocal versions of the Hirota equation, which is a particular example of higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The integrability of the new models is established by providing their explicit forms of Lax pairs or zero curvature conditions. The two compatibility equations arising in this construction are found to be related to each other either by a parity transformation $\mathcal{P}$, by a time reversal $\mathcal{T}$ or a $\mathcal{PT}$-transformation possibly combined with a conjugation. We construct explicit multi-soliton solutions for these models by employing Hirota's direct method as well as Darboux-Crum transformations. The nonlocal nature of these models allows for a modification of these solution procedures as the new systems also possess new types of solutions with different parameter dependence and different qualitative behaviour. The multi-soliton solutions are of varied type, being for instance nonlocal in space, nonlocal in time of time crystal type, regular with local structures either in time/space or of rogues wave type.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
Three Essays on Income Distribution in the U.S. Economy
Creators: name: Borazan, Ahmad Abdulkader
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Economic theory

description: The dissertation is composed of three papers that tackle income-distribution issues through three episodes of the U.S. economy. The first essay investigates the dynamics of income distribution, debt, and growth applying a post-Keynesian approach to the era leading to the Great Depression. It uses the single equation error correction model method to determine the demand regime of the 1900-1929 period. The second paper sets up a model that incorporates income distribution and the accelerator relationship to explain investment behavior in the 1960-2015 period. It uses time series techniques to explore the statistical causality among investment spending, profit share, and capacity utilization. The third essay investigates the drivers of the Farmers Protest Movement in the late nineteenth century. It investigates the trends of the farmers' consumption habits, income, and production prices, in addition to the dynamics of land market. It concludes that the farmers were worse off economically, which explains their protest movement in the late nineteenth century.
Fast directional continuous spherical wavelet transform algorithms
Creators: name: McEwen, J. D.
name: Hobson, M. P.
name: Mortlock, D. J.
name: Lasenby, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe the construction of a spherical wavelet analysis through the inverse stereographic projection of the Euclidean planar wavelet framework, introduced originally by Antoine and Vandergheynst and developed further by Wiaux et al. Fast algorithms for performing the directional continuous wavelet analysis on the unit sphere are presented. The fast directional algorithm, based on the fast spherical convolution algorithm developed by Wandelt and Gorski, provides a saving of O(sqrt(Npix)) over a direct quadrature implementation for Npix pixels on the sphere, and allows one to perform a directional spherical wavelet analysis of a 10^6 pixel map on a personal computer.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, replaced to match version accepted by IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc
Three-axis flexible tactile sensor array for pressure and shear mapping
Creators: name: Surapaneni, Rajesh
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: Tactile sensors are a group of sensors that are widely being developed for transduction of touch, force and pressure in the field of robotics, contact sensing and gait analysis. These sensors are employed to measure and register interactions between contact surfaces and the surrounding environment. Since these sensors have gained usage in the field of robotics and gait analysis, there is a need for these sensors to be ultra flexible, highly reliable and capable of measuring pressure and two-axial shear simultaneously. The sensors that are currently available are not capable of achieving all the aforementioned qualities. The goal of this work is to design and develop such a flexible tactile sensor array based on a capacitive sensing scheme and we call it the flexible tactile imager (FTI). The developed design can be easily multiplexed into a high-density array of 676 multi-fingered capacitors that are capable of measuring pressure and two-axial shear simultaneously while maintaining sensor flexibility and reliability. The sensitivity of normal and shear stress for the FTI are 0.74/MPa and 79.5/GPa, respectively, and the resolvable displacement and velocity are as low as 60 µm and 100 µm/s, respectively. The developed FTI demonstrates the ability to detect pressure and shear contours of objects rolling on top of it and capability to measure microdisplacement and microvelocities that are desirable during gait analysis.
title: A Vanishing People: The Systematic Destruction of American Indian Identity for the Sake of American Manifest Destiny
Creators: name: Miranda, Francine M
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2024

description: Under the guise of Manifest Destiny, American Indians have been systematically reduced in size and numbers since the period of European contact. Their political authority over their land and themselves has been essentially removed through unilateral treaties, and by United States policies. The government has also taken on genocidal and ethnocidal policies against American Indian groups under the false pretense of assimilation and Christian benevolence, which has actually led to violence against native peoples and more illegal appropriation of their lands. The latest manifestation of governmental ethnocide is through the federal recognition process, which strips natives of their right to define themselves and makes it nearly impossible for groups to assert their autonomy. This paper argues that the process of federal recognition needs to be dramatically altered as well as the criteria for membership of native tribes in order to maintain the integrity of American Indian political, social, and cultural systems.
The FLAME-slab method for electromagnetic wave scattering in aperiodic slabs
Creators: name: Mansha, Shampy
name: Tsukerman, Igor
name: Chong, Y. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proposed numerical method, "FLAME-slab," solves electromagnetic wave scattering problems for aperiodic slab structures by exploiting short-range regularities in these structures. The computational procedure involves special difference schemes with high accuracy even on coarse grids. These schemes are based on Trefftz approximations, utilizing functions that locally satisfy the governing differential equations, as is done in the Flexible Local Approximation Method (FLAME). Radiation boundary conditions are implemented via Fourier expansions in the air surrounding the slab. When applied to ensembles of slab structures with identical short-range features, such as amorphous or quasicrystalline lattices, the method is significantly more efficient, both in runtime and in memory consumption, than traditional approaches. This efficiency is due to the fact that the Trefftz functions need to be computed only once for the whole ensemble.
description: Various typos were corrected. Minor inconsistencies throughout the manuscript were fixed. In Section II B. Additional description regarding choice of Trefftz cell, was added. In Section III A. Detailed description about units (used in our calculation) was added
Symmetries at the black hole horizon
Creators: name: Akhmedov, Emil T.
name: Godazgar, Mahdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the asymptotic symmetry group of Killing horizons by choosing Gaussian null coordinates in the neighbourhood of the horizon and boundary conditions that respect the leading order terms in the metric. The analysis divides naturally into the two cases of subextremal and extremal horizons. In general, we find rather involved asymptotic symmetry generators that nevertheless involve supertranslations and Killing vectors on the compact horizon. The most striking observation is the difference in the dependence on the coordinate along the horizon; we relate this to the redshift effect for subextremal horizons. We consider the spherically symmetric case as a special and illuminating example.
description: 18 pages
Some weighted arithmetic operators and geometric operators with SVNSs and their application to multi-criteria decision making problems
Creators: name: Şahin, Mehmet
name: Vakkas Uluçay
name: Acıoglu, Hatice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: As a variation of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets have been developed to represent uncertain, imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent information that exists in the real world. In this paper,this article introduces an approach to handle multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems under the SVNSs.
Constrained systems described by Nambu mechanics
Creators: name: Lassig, C. C.
name: Joshi, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the framework of Nambu's generalised mechanics, we obtain a new description of constrained Hamiltonian dynamics, involving the introduction of another degree of freedom in phase space, and the necessity of defining the action integral on a world sheet. We also discuss the problem of quantising Nambu mechanics.
description: 7 pages, REVTeX
Additional file 4 of Transcriptional profile of Trichomonas vaginalis in response to metronidazole
Creators: name: Xie, Yiting
name: Zhong, Ping
name: Guan, Wei
name: Zhao, Yanqing
name: Yang, Shuguo
name: Shao, Yan
name: Li, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 4
Sub-state entities in eu law: Changes and challenges
Creators: name: Alves, Luísa Verdelho
Publisher: name: Review of Business and Legal Sciences / Revista de Ciências Empresariais e Jurídicas
Year: 2018

description: In a “post-state” era, sub-state political communities face new challenges. Modern constitutionalism resorted to various political and territorial forms to ensure the autonomy of certain social communities; in many cases, uniting different nations under the same State. But the integration of States into transnational political communities had profound implications on the sub-state levels of government. In the European context, it is now widely recognized that the process of integration unleashed centripetal forces. This article revisits the effects of European integration in the internal distribution of powers and examines the novelties introduced by the Lisbon Treaty regarding the position, the powers, and the rights of substate communities in EU Law.
description: Review of Business and Legal Sciences / Revista de Ciências Empresariais e Jurídicas, No 30 (2018): Revista de Ciências Empresariais e Jurídicas / Review of Business and Legal Sciences