cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatial Degrees of Freedom in Everett Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Rubin, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stapp claims that, when spatial degrees of freedom are taken into account, Everett quantum mechanics is ambiguous due to a "core basis problem." To examine an aspect of this claim I generalize the ideal measurement model to include translational degrees of freedom for both the measured system and the measuring apparatus. Analysis of this generalized model using the Everett interpretation in the Heisenberg picture shows that it makes unambiguous predictions for the possible results of measurements and their respective probabilities. The presence of translational degrees of freedom for the measuring apparatus affects the probabilities of measurement outcomes in the same way that a mixed state for the measured system would. Examination of a measurement scenario involving several observers illustrates the consistency of the model with perceived spatial localization of the measuring apparatus.
description: 34 pp., no figs. Introduction, discussion revised. Material tangential to main point removed
ALBANIAN LAW ON CITY PLANNING: CRITICAL SUMMARY OF ITS MAJOR PROVISIONS
Creators: name: Jacobs, Harvey M.
name: Craig, William
name: Jacobs, Harvey M.
name: Craig, William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Cities and towns--Planning--Law and legislation--Albania
subject: City planning and redevelopment law--Albania
subject: Land use, Urban--Government policy--Albania
subject: Land administration--Albania

description: This paper includes, as an annex, Law No. 7693, "On Urban Planning," from the People's Assembly of the Republic of Albania. Conceptually, this law has five major parts: (1) planning generally, (2) getting construction permission, (3) special provisions for tourist zones, (4) special provisions for military zones and zones with singular (that is, archaeological, historical, or cultural) value, and (5) penalties for violations. These parts are described and discussed.
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: AVOIDING THE DIFFICULTY OF PROVING DISCRIMINATORY INTENT IN HAZARDOUS WASTE SITING DECISIONS
Creators: name: Kiniyalocts, Melissa
name: Kiniyalocts, Melissa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental justice -- United States -- Cases
subject: Hazardous waste -- United States -- Management -- Social aspects
subject: Hazardous waste sites -- Government policy -- United States

description: Contrary to general public perception that environmental hazards are borne equally, the risks and accompanying burdens of exposure to environmental contaminants are distributed disproportionately along racial and class lines. The environmental justice movement has received much recent attention as being an extension of the civil rights movement, where advocates have demanded fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens. This paper focuses on the difficulty that plaintiffs wishing to challenge hazardous waste siting in their communities have in proving that the siting decision was based on racial factors. Part 1 examines a North Carolina case that illustrates the potential that substantive and procedural requirements have in protecting communities from environmental injustice. Part 2 focuses on the emergence of the concept of environmental racism and early research studies that examined the phenomenon. Part 3 discusses the distinction between environmental racism and environmental justice. Part 4 examines the difficulties that surround the use of the Equal Protection Clause by plaintiffs who challenge hazardous waste siting in their communities. Part 5 examines Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as it has been used in environmental justice cases. Part 6 discusses Chester Concerned for Quality Living v. Seif, a Third Circuit Court environmental justice case in which plaintiffs challenged the siting of a hazardous waste facility in their community under Title VI. Part 7 focuses on post-Chester environmental justice developments. Finally, Part 8 explores substantive and procedural requirements designed to encourage community involvement in siting decisions.
MINNESOTA V. MILLE LACS: GATEWAY TO TRIBAL/STATE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Mark J.
name: Gonzalez, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians -- Treaties
subject: Ojibwa Indians -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Minnesota -- Cases
subject: Ojibwa Indians -- Minnesota -- Claims
subject: Natural resources -- Minnesota -- Mille Lacs Lake Region -- Management

description: Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians is the United States Supreme Court's most recent decision to focus on the continued existence of tribal off-reservation hunting, fishing, and gathering rights (usufructuary rights) as guaranteed by 19th century treaties entered into between the Lake Superior Chippewa and the federal government. This paper addresses three issues. First, a fundamental flaw with the Petitioner's position is a misconceptualization of the legal theory that governs Indian treaty interpretation and Indian sovereignty. The Petitioner proceeds on the mistaken premise that the Respondent's usufructuary interests are granted privileges rather than reserved rights. Second, in finding that the Respondents still possessed usufructuary rights in the territory ceded in the Treaty of 1837 we can conclude, based on the Court's interpretation and application of federal Indian jurisprudence, that the Respondent, as well as the other signatories to the Treaty of 1855, still possesses usufructuary rights in the 1855 ceded territory despite the lack of explicit treaty language reserving that right. Third, the Court's response to the Petitioner's Equal Footing argument supports the conclusion that the tribes have a shared interest with the state in wildlife and natural resource regulation. No longer are tribes in the passive position of merely being not subject to state hunting and fishing regulations. Rather they are in an equal, "shared" position with the state in actively developing wildlife and fisheries policy in the ceded territories where tribes still retain usufructuary rights.
First-principles study of the electronic, magnetic, and crystal structure of perovskite molybdates
Creators: name: Lee-Hand, Jeremy
name: Hampel, Alexander
name: Dreyer, Cyrus E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The molybdate oxides SrMoO$_3$, PbMoO$_3$, and LaMoO$_3$ are a class of metallic perovskites that exhibit interesting properties including high mobility, and unusual resistivity behavior. We use first-principles methods based on density functional theory to explore the electronic, crystal, and magnetic structure of these materials. In order to account for the electron correlations in the partially-filled Mo $4d$ shell, a local Hubbard $U$ interaction is included. The value of $U$ is estimated via the constrained random-phase approximation approach, and the dependence of the results on the choice of $U$ are explored. For all materials, GGA+$U$ predicts a metal with an orthorhombic, antiferromagnetic structure. For LaMoO$_3$, the $Pnma$ space group is the most stable, while for SrMoO$_3$ and PbMoO$_3$, the $Imma$ and $Pnma$ structures are close in energy. The $R_4^+$ octahedral rotations for SrMoO$_3$ and PbMoO$_3$ are found to be overestimated compared to the experimental low-temperature structure.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Matter-Wave Decoherence due to a Gas Environment in an Atom Interferometer
Creators: name: Uys, Hermann
name: Perreault, John D.
name: Cronin, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decoherence due to scattering from background gas particles is observed for the first time in a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer, and compared with decoherence due to scattering photons. A single theory is shown to describe decoherence due to scattering either atoms or photons. Predictions from this theory are tested by experiments with different species of background gas, and also by experiments with different collimation restrictions on an atom beam interferometer.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted to PRL
Towards Communication in a Curved Spacetime Geometry
Creators: name: Exirifard, Qasem
name: Culf, Eric
name: Karimi, Ebrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current race in quantum communication -- endeavouring to establish a global quantum network -- must account for special and general relativistic effects. The well-studied general relativistic effects include Shapiro time-delay, gravitational lensing, and frame dragging which all are due to how a mass distribution alters geodesics. Here, we report how the curvature of spacetime geometry affects the propagation of information carriers along an arbitrary geodesic. An explicit expression for the distortion onto the carrier wavefunction in terms of the Riemann curvature is obtained. Furthermore, we investigate this distortion for anti-de Sitter and Schwarzschild geometries. For instance, the spacetime curvature causes a 0.10~radian phase-shift for communication between Earth and the International Space Station on a monochromatic laser beam and quadrupole astigmatism can cause a 12.2 % cross-talk between structured modes traversing through the solar system. Our finding shows that this gravitational distortion is significant, and it needs to be either pre- or post-corrected at the sender or receiver to retrieve the information.
description: Main article and the Supplementary information matching the published version
PRIVATE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TENANCY ARRANGEMENTS IN EUROPE: THEMES AND DIMENSIONS; A CRITICAL REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE
Creators: name: Ravenscroft, Neil
name: Gibbard, Roger
name: Markwell, Susan
name: Ravenscroft, Neil
name: Gibbard, Roger
name: Markwell, Susan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Farm tenancy--Europe
subject: Farm tenancy--Europe--Bibliography
subject: Farm tenancy--Government policy--Europe
subject: Land tenure--Europe

description: Although there is widespread support for the "ideal model" of agricultural production being based around the owner-occupier farmer, it is recognized that, for a variety of reasons, this ideal is neither always attainable nor desirable. There is also a need to ensure that farming becomes competitive when exposed fully to world markets. This means that farmers are likely to require the flexibility to expand their businesses in circumstances where they may not have the capital to purchase the additional assets. The need to find suitable systems for agricultural tenancy reform remains paramount as a means both for sustaining rural communities generally and for establishing mechanisms suitable for matching the demand for and supply of private land for rent. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recently commissioned a study of agricultural land tenure systems in order to identify elements of good practice in existing arrangements for the leasing of private sector agricultural land. This report is confined to a consideration of and commentary on the existing literature on tenure and tenancy arrangements as a basis for identifying examples of good practice. For the purposes of establishing good practice, this report concentrates on the market economies of northern and western Europe, predominantly the fifteen current member states of the European Union, while being aware of the principal dimensions of land reform in central and eastern European and former Soviet Union countries.
Ancient solutions of the homogeneous Ricci flow on flag manifolds
Creators: name: Anastassiou, Stavros
name: Chrysikos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C44, 53C25, 53C30, 37C10

description: For any flag manifold $M=G/K$ of a compact simple Lie group $G$ we describe non-collapsing ancient invariant solutions of the homogeneous unnormalized Ricci flow. Such solutions emerge from an invariant Einstein metric on $M$, and by [BöLS17] they must develop a Type I singularity in their extinction finite time, and also to the past. To illustrate the situation we engage ourselves with the global study of the dynamical system induced by the unnormalized Ricci flow on any flag manifold $M=G/K$ with second Betti number $b_{2}(M)=1$, for a generic initial invariant metric. We describe the corresponding dynamical systems and present non-collapsed ancient solutions, whose $α$-limit set consists of fixed points at infinity of ${\mathscr{M}}^G$. Based on the Poincaré compactification method, we show that these fixed points correspond to invariant Einstein metrics and we study their stability properties, illuminating thus the structure of the system's phase space.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
XTE J1550-564: INTEGRAL Observations of a Failed Outburst
Creators: name: Sturner, S. J.
name: Shrader, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The well known black-hole X-ray binary transient XTE J1550-564 underwent an outburst during the spring of 2003 which was substantially underluminous in comparison to previous periods of peak activity in that source. In addition, our analysis shows that it apparently remained in the hard spectral state over the duration of that outburst. This is again in sharp contrast to major outbursts of that source in 1998/1999 during which it exhibited an irregular light curve, multiple state changes and collimated outflows. This leads us to classify it as a "failed outburst." We present the results of our study of the spring 2003 event including light curves based on observations from both INTEGRAL and RXTE. In addition, we studied the evolution of the high-energy 3-300 keV continuum spectrum using data obtained with three main instruments on INTEGRAL. These spectra are consistent with typical low-hard-state thermal Comptonization emission. We also consider the 2003 event in the context of a multi-source, multi-event period-peak luminosity diagram in which it is a clear outlyer. We then consider the possibility that the 2003 event was due to a discrete accretion event rather than a limit-cycle instablility. In that context, we apply model fitting to derive the timescale for viscous propagation in the disk, and infer some physical characteristics.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, to be published in The Astrophysical Journal
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia presenting as a mimic of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a hemodialysis patient receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine
Creators: name: Lin, Yi-Ling
name: Lin, Chen-Yuan
name: Liu, Jiung-Hsiun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia presenting as a mimic of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a hemodialysis patient receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine
Neutrino Masses and Mixings in a Minimal SO(10) Model
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Macesanu, Cosmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a minimal formulation of SO(10) Grand Unified Theory wherein all the fermion masses arise from Yukawa couplings involving one 126 and one 10 of Higgs multiplets. It has recently been recognized that such theories can explain, via the type-II seesaw mechanism, the large ν_μ- ν_τmixing as a consequence of b-tau unification at the GUT scale. In this picture, however, the CKM phase δlies preferentially in the second quadrant, in contradiction with experimental measurements. We revisit this minimal model and show that the conventional type-I seesaw mechanism generates phenomenologically viable neutrino masses and mixings, while being consistent with CKM CP violation. We also present improved fits in the type-II seesaw scenario and suggest fully consistent fits in a mixed scenario.
description: 27 pages, 13 eps figures, revtex4; references added, some minor corrections
Magnetic anisotropy from linear defect structures in correlated electron systems
Creators: name: Pal, Mainak
name: Bettmann, Laetitia
name: Kreisel, Andreas
name: Hirschfeld, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlated electron systems, particularly iron-based superconductors, are extremely sensitive to strain, which inevitably occurs in the crystal growth process. Built-in strain of this type has been proposed as a possible explanation for experiments where nematic order has been observed at high temperatures corresponding to the nominally tetragonal phase of iron-based superconductors. Strain is assumed to produce linear defect structures, e.g. dislocations, which are quite similar to O vacancy chainlets in the underdoped cuprate superconductor YBCO. Here we investigate a simple microscopic model of dislocations in the presence of electronic correlations, which create defect states that can drive magnetic anisotropy of this kind, if spin orbit interaction is present. We estimate the contribution of these dislocations to magnetic anisotropy as detected by current torque magnetometry experiments in both cuprates and Fe-based systems.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
GPS METHODOLOGY FOR CADASTRAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING IN ALBANIA
Creators: name: Barnes, Grenville
name: Chaplin, Bruce
name: Moyer, D. David
name: Barnes, Grenville
name: Chaplin, Bruce
name: Moyer, D. David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Global Positioning System
subject: Artificial satellites in surveying -- Albania
subject: Cadastres -- Albania
subject: Surveying -- Albania
subject: Land administration -- Albania

description: This paper is a compilation of three reports written over the 1993-96 period in the development and testing of a cadastral surveying and mapping methodology to support land registration. The sections cover (1) fieldwork to evaluate options for cadastral surveying and mapping in Albania, (2) the results on defining and testing methodology utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and on the costs and benefits of various surveying and mapping options, and (3) further testing in 1995 of the newly developed GPS methodology.
Hyperbolic Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation made rigorous
Creators: name: Fyodorov, Y. V.
name: Wei, Y.
name: Zirnbauer, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit a long standing issue in the theory of disordered electron systems and their effective description by a non-linear sigma model: the hyperbolic Hubbard-Stratonovich (HS) transformation in the bosonic sector. For time-reversal invariant systems without spin this sector is known to have a non-compact orthogonal symmetry O(p,q). There exists an old proposal by Pruisken and Schaefer how to do the HS transformation in an O(p,q) invariant way. Giving a precise formulation of this proposal, we show that the HS integral is a sign-alternating sum of integrals over disjoint domains.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Bautz, Friedrich-Wilhelm (Hrsg.), Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 1 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 1
Topological Sensing with Photonic Arrays of Resonant Circular Waveguides
Creators: name: Arledge, Kiernan E.
name: Uchoa, Bruno
name: Zou, Yi
name: Weng, Binbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that a photonic array of resonant circular dielectric waveguides with subwavelength grating can be designed as a robust and sensitive topological chemical sensor. The device can detect trace amounts of a given chemical species through photonic edge modes that are impervious to most sources of disorder. We perform a simulation in the mid-infrared that accounts for the absorption loss introduced by chemical molecules in contact with a strongly coupled photonic lattice of resonators. Due to the topological nature of the device, its chemical sensitivity scales linearly with the system size and can reach parts-per-billion range at the millimeter scale. Our findings suggest that topological chemical sensors could empower the development of novel on-chip integrated photonic sensing technologies.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
On the Q operator and the spectrum of the XXZ model at root of unity
Creators: name: Miao, Yuan
name: Lamers, Jules
name: Pasquier, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ chain is a paradigmatic quantum integrable model. Although it can be solved exactly via Bethe ansatz techniques, there are still open issues regarding the spectrum at root of unity values of the anisotropy. We construct Baxter's Q operator at arbitrary anisotropy from a two-parameter transfer matrix associated to a complex-spin auxiliary space. A decomposition of this transfer matrix provides a simple proof of the transfer matrix fusion and Wronskian relations. At root of unity a truncation allows us to construct the Q operator explicitly in terms of finite-dimensional matrices. From its decomposition we derive truncated fusion and Wronskian relations as well as an interpolation-type formula that has been conjectured previously. We elucidate the Fabricius-McCoy (FM) strings and exponential degeneracies in the spectrum of the six-vertex transfer matrix at root of unity. Using a semicyclic auxiliary representation we give a conjecture for creation and annihilation operators of FM strings for all roots of unity. We connect our findings with the 'string-charge duality' in the thermodynamic limit, leading to a conjecture for the imaginary part of the FM string centres with potential applications to out-of-equilibrium physics.
description: 74 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine and the risk of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Liao, Zheng-Ming
name: Zhang, Zhong-Min
name: Liu, Qi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine has been widely used as part of the standard treatment for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients. PubMed and Embase were searched for related publications from inception to Dec 31, 2021, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) comparing the risk of AKI and/or increased creatinine in COVID-19 patients receiving hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine and other controls (active treatment and placebo). We conducted separate meta-analyses for RCTs and NRSIs based on fixed-effect model, with odds ratios (ORs) being considered as effect sizes. We included 21 studies in the analysis, with 12 were RCTs. Based on the RCTs, compared to placebo, the OR was 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86, 1.64; p = .30, n = 4, moderate quality) for AKI and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.64, 1.56; p = .99, n = 5, moderate quality) for increased creatinine for patients received hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine treatment; compared to active treatment, the odds was 1.28 (95%CI: 0.65, 2.53; p = .47, n = 2, low quality) for AKI and 0.64 (95%CI: 0.13, 3.20; p = .59, n = 1, low quality) for increased creatine. Evidence from NRSIs showed slightly increased odds of AKI, with low quality. Based on current available studies which were graded as low to moderate quality, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine use is associated with increased risk of AKI or raised creatinine. Abbreviations: AKI: acute kidney injury; COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019; RCT: randomized controlled trials; NRSI: non-randomized studies of interventions; OR: odds ratios; ROBIS-I: Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies – of Interventions
From Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing to Cosmological Parameters
Creators: name: Yoo, Jaiyul
name: Tinker, Jeremy L.
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Katz, Neal
name: Davé, Romeel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy-galaxy lensing measures the mean excess surface density DS(r) around a sample of lensing galaxies. We develop a method for combining DS(r) with the galaxy correlation function xi_gg(r) to constrain Omega_m and sigma_8, going beyond the linear bias model to reach the level of accuracy demanded by current and future measurements. We adopt the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework, and we test its applicability to this problem by examining the effects of replacing satellite galaxies in the halos of an SPH simulation with randomly selected dark matter particles from the same halos. The difference between dark matter and satellite galaxy radial profiles has a ~10% effect on DS(r) at r<1 Mpc/h. However, if radial profiles are matched, the remaining impact of individual subhalos around satellite galaxies and environmental dependence of the HOD at fixed halo mass is <5% in DS(r) for 0.12 Mpc/h, but it fails at the 30-50% level on smaller scales. The scaling of DS(r) ~ Omega_m^a(r) sigma_8^b(r) approaches the linear bias expectation a=b=1 at r>10 Mpc/h, but a(r) and b(r) vary from 0.8 to 1.6 at smaller r. We calculate a fiducial DS(r) and scaling indices a(r) and b(r) for two SDSS galaxy samples; galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements for these samples can be combined with our predictions to constrain Omega_m and sigma_8.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
On the question of measuring spatial curvature in an inhomogeneous universe
Creators: name: Tian, Chi
name: Anselmi, Stefano
name: Carney, Matthew F.
name: Giblin, John T.
name: Mertens, James
name: Starkman, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The curvature of a spacetime, either in a topological sense, or averaged over super-horizon-sized patches, is often equated with the global curvature term that appears in Friedmann's equation. In general, however, the Universe is inhomogeneous, and gravity is a nonlinear theory, thus any curvature perturbations violate the assumptions of the FLRW model; it is not necessarily true that local curvature, averaged over patches of constant-time surfaces, will reproduce the observational effects of global symmetry. Further, the curvature of a constant-time hypersurface is not an observable quantity, and can only be inferred indirectly. Here, we examine the behavior of curvature modes on hypersurfaces of an inhomogeneous spacetime non-perturbatively in a numerical relativistic setting, and how this curvature corresponds with that inferred by observers. We also note the point at which observations become sensitive to the impact of curvature sourced by inhomogeneities on inferred average properties, finding general agreement with past literature.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND FARM SIZE: A NON-PARAMETRIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Papadas, Christos T.
name: Dahl, Dale C.
name: Papadas, Christos T.
name: Dahl, Dale C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: This study examines the argument that farm size is associated with technical efficiency. A non-parametric, frontier analysis method is used, together with some additional statistical analysis. Although some gains in efficiency appear as we move toward larger farms, they do not seem to be significantly large. The input/output ratios are indeed smaller for larger farms and the difference is statistically significant. It can be attributed however to the fact that smaller farms operate on a smaller scale and not inside the production frontier.
title: Urm1, not quite a ubiquitin-like modifier?
Creators: name: Kaduhr, Lars
name: Brachmann, Cindy
name: Ethiraju Ravichandran, Keerthiraju
name: West, James D.
name: Glatt, Sebastian
name: Schaffrath, Raffael
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: yeast
subject: Urm1
subject: peroxiredoxin Ahp1
subject: protein urmylation
subject: tRNA thiolation
subject: 570
subject: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
subject: Ubiquitin-ähnliche Proteine
subject: Peroxiredoxin
subject: Transfer-RNS

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Searching for Gravitational Waves with Strongly Lensed Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Pearson, Noah
name: Trendafilova, Cynthia
name: Meyers, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since their serendipitous discovery, Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) have garnered a great deal of attention from both observers and theorists. A new class of radio telescopes with wide fields of view have enabled a rapid accumulation of FRB observations, confirming that FRBs originate from cosmological distances. The high occurrence rate of FRBs and the development of new instruments to observe them create opportunities for FRBs to be utilized for a host of astrophysical and cosmological studies. We focus on the rare, and as yet undetected, subset of FRBs that undergo repeated bursts and are strongly gravitationally lensed by intervening structure. An extremely precise timing of burst arrival times is possible for strongly lensed repeating FRBs, and we show how this timing precision enables the search for long wavelength gravitational waves, including those sourced by supermassive black hole binary systems. The timing of burst arrival for strongly lensed repeating FRBs is sensitive to gravitational wave sources near the FRB host galaxy, which may lie at cosmological distances and would therefore be extremely challenging to detect by other means. Timing of strongly lensed FRBs can also be combined with pulsar timing array data to search for correlated time delays characteristic of gravitational waves passing through the Earth.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. Updated to match published content. Comments welcome
Conformal properties of 1D quantum systems with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Naón, Carlos M.
name: Salvay, Mariano J.
name: Trobo, Marta L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate conformal properties of a one-dimensional quantum system with a long-range, Coulomb-like potential of the form $\frac{1}{|x|^σ}$, with $σ>0$. We compute the conformal anomaly $c$ as function of $σ$. We obtain $c=0$ for $σ<1$ (Wigner crystal) and $c=1$ for $σ>1$ (Luttinger liquid). By studying the scaling regime of the system when it is deformed by the inclusion of a term $t ρ(x)$, (with $ρ(x)$ a scaling operator), we show that, for $σ>1$, the correlation length $ξ$ gets an additional interaction dependent factor. This leads to a necessary redefinition of $ξ$ in order to avoid an unphysical dependence of the central charge on the coupling constant.
description: 4 pages, no figures. Sectioning and references added. Content unchanged. To appear in Physical Review B
Effects of allopurinol on renal function in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Luo, Qian
name: Cai, Yuzi
name: Zhao, Qihan
name: Tian, Lei
name: Liu, Yuning
name: Liu, Wei jing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Diabetes mellitus is a common “non-gout” disease with high incidence. Several studies have shown that serum uric acid level in patients with diabetes is higher than that in healthy individuals, and is accompanied by severe albuminuria and high serum creatinine (Scr). Recent clinical studies have found that uric acid-lowering therapy (such as allopurinol) could reduce urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER) and Scr, increase eGFR, and thus reduce kidney damage in patients with diabetes. Therefore, this meta-analysis [PROSPERO CRD42021274465] intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of allopurinol in patients with diabetes mellitus. We thoroughly searched five electronic resource databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of allopurinol versus conventional treatment or placebo for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Predetermined outcomes were considered continuous variables, mean difference (MD) was used for the determination of effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] was used to determine the effect size when there were different evaluation criteria in different articles), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. All outcome measures were analyzed using a random-effects model for data analysis. Ten eligible trials with a total of 866 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Allopurinol was more effective in decreasing serum uric acid (SUA) levels compared with conventional treatment (p = 0.0001) or placebo (p < 0.00001). Moreover, the levels of 24-hour urine protein were significantly lower in the allopurinol group (p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis of Scr showed that the Scr of patients with an allopurinol treatment duration of fewer than six months was significantly lower than that of the control group (p = 0.03). No significant difference in adverse events (AEs) was identified between the treatment and control groups. Our meta-analysis of RCTs showed that oral administration of allopurinol effectively reduced SUA levels in patients with diabetes, and patients’ renal function was protected. More RCTs with larger sample sizes and higher quality are needed to clarify the role of allopurinol use in decreasing blood pressure, maintaining blood glucose levels, and improving renal function in patients with diabetes.
Brosseder, Johannes, Luthers Stellung zu den Juden im Spiegel seiner Interpreten
Creators: name: Hammerstein, Franz Von
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 1 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 1
Skyrmion Control of Majorana States in Planar Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Mohanta, Narayan
name: Okamoto, Satoshi
name: Dagotto, Elbio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planar Josephson junctions provide a versatile platform, alternative to the nanowire-based geometry, for the generation of the Majorana bound states, due to the additional phase tunability of the topological superconductivity. The proximity induction of chiral magnetism and superconductivity in a two-dimensional electron gas showed remarkable promises to manipulate topological superconductivity. Here, we consider a Josephson junction involving a skyrmion crystal and show that the chiral magnetism of the skyrmions can create and control the Majorana bound states without the requirement of an intrinsic Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Interestingly, the Majorana bound states in our geometry are realized robustly at zero phase difference at the junction. The skyrmion radius, being externally tunable by a magnetic field or a magnetic anisotropy, brings a unique control feature for the Majorana bound states.
The effect of combined serial casting and botulinum toxin-A injection on ankle equinus in children with spastic dilegia
Creators: name: Moore, Kelly Stephanie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This prospective study examined the effects of combined serial casting and botulinum toxin A (Btx) with Btx injection alone in children with spastic diplegia over a 24-week period. Outcome was detemined by the Modified Ashworth Scale, ankle and knee joint ranges of motion, GMFM, gait analysis, and calculation of soleus and gastrocnemius muscle lengths. A decrease in ankle plantarflexor tone and increase in passive ankle dorsiflexion were observed 8 weeks post-injection in both groups and persisted in the combined group until 18 weeks. Improvements in gait were observed only in the combined group at 8 weeks post injection. Examination of these data on a case-by-case basis revealed that 2 of the 5 patients in the Btx only group had improvements in gait that were still evident at 18 weeks post-injection. Improvements in gait persisted in the combined treatment group to 24 weeks. It was concluded that combining Btx with serial casting does lead to more persistent improvements than Btx alone and that combining the two treatments has the potential to be effective in more patients than Btx alone.
Manifold learning with arbitrary norms
Creators: name: Kileel, Joe
name: Moscovich, Amit
name: Zelesko, Nathan
name: Singer, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Manifold learning methods play a prominent role in nonlinear dimensionality reduction and other tasks involving high-dimensional data sets with low intrinsic dimensionality. Many of these methods are graph-based: they associate a vertex with each data point and a weighted edge with each pair. Existing theory shows that the Laplacian matrix of the graph converges to the Laplace-Beltrami operator of the data manifold, under the assumption that the pairwise affinities are based on the Euclidean norm. In this paper, we determine the limiting differential operator for graph Laplacians constructed using $\textit{any}$ norm. Our proof involves an interplay between the second fundamental form of the manifold and the convex geometry of the given norm's unit ball. To demonstrate the potential benefits of non-Euclidean norms in manifold learning, we consider the task of mapping the motion of large molecules with continuous variability. In a numerical simulation we show that a modified Laplacian eigenmaps algorithm, based on the Earthmover's distance, outperforms the classic Euclidean Laplacian eigenmaps, both in terms of computational cost and the sample size needed to recover the intrinsic geometry.
description: 53 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, to appear in Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications
The Synergy of Gamma-Ray Burst Detectors in the GLAST Era
Creators: name: Band, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simultaneous observations by the large number of gamma-ray burst detectors operating in the GLAST era will provide the spectra, lightcurves and locations necessary for studying burst physics and testing the putative relations between intrinsic burst properties. The detectors' energy band and the accumulation timescale of their trigger system affect their sensitivity to hard vs. soft and long vs. short bursts. Coordination of the Swift and GLAST observing plans consistent with Swift's other science objectives could increase the detection rate of GLAST bursts with redshifts.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the proceedings of Gamma Ray Bursts 2007, Santa Fe, NM, November 5-9, 2007
Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-I
Creators: name: Kamiokande Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The details of Super--Kamiokande--I's solar neutrino analysis are given. Solar neutrino measurement in Super--Kamiokande is a high statistics collection of $^8$B solar neutrinos via neutrino-electron scattering. The analysis method and results of the 1496 day data sample are presented. The final oscillation results for the data are also presented.
description: 32pages, 57figures, submitted to Physical Review D
Combined serum free light chain predicts prognosis in acute kidney injury following cardiovascular surgery
Creators: name: Wang, Wenji
name: Zhang, Lulu
name: Yang, Tianye
name: Ma, Shaojun
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Shi, Peng
name: Ding, Feng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Increased polyclonal free light chains (FLCs) are found in inflammatory conditions. Inflammation is recognized in the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study was aimed to determine whether polyclonal combined FLC (cFLC) was associated with prognosis of AKI patients. This prospective cohort included 145 adults with hospital-acquired AKI following cardiovascular surgery between 2014 and 2016, according to the KDIGO creatinine criteria. The primary end point of the study was all-cause death during follow-up. The median of serum cFLC concentration in the cohort was 42.0 (31.9–60.3 mg/L) and levels of cFLC in patients with AKI stage 3 were higher than those in AKI stage 1 and stage 2. cFLC levels correlated significantly with renal function biomarkers, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Patients were organized into the following two groups: the low-cFLC group (cFLC <43.3 mg/L) and the high-cFLC group (cFLC ≥ 43.3 mg/L). A total of 17 (11.0%) patient deaths occurred within 90 d, 13 (18.8%) in the high-cFLC group. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the two groups differed significantly with respect to 90-d survival (log-rank p = .012), and Cox regression analysis showed that an cFLC level ≥43.3 mg/L was significantly associated with a 5.0-fold increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 5.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04– 33.91; p = .045) compared with an cFLC level <43.3 mg/L. Serum cFLC levels were significantly elevated and might be an independent predictor of mortality in patients with AKI following cardiovascular surgery.
Selling Two Identical Objects
Creators: name: Bikhchandani, Sushil
name: Mishra, Debasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is well-known that optimal (i.e., revenue-maximizing) selling mechanisms in multidimensional type spaces may involve randomization. We obtain conditions under which deterministic mechanisms are optimal for selling two identical, indivisible objects to a single buyer. We analyze two settings: (i) decreasing marginal values (DMV) and (ii) increasing marginal values (IMV). Thus, the values of the buyer for the two units are not independent. We show that under a well-known condition on distributions~(due to McAfee and McMillan (1988)), (a) it is optimal to sell the first unit deterministically in the DMV model and (b) it is optimal to bundle (which is a deterministic mechanism) in the IMV model. Under a stronger sufficient condition on distributions, a deterministic mechanism is optimal in the DMV model. Our results apply to heterogeneous objects when there is a specified sequence in which the two objects must be sold.
Genetic variation of typhoon-induced spikelet sterility in introgression lines with genetic background of Indica group rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety IR 64
Creators: name: Tomita, Asami
name: Uddin, Nashir
name: Obara, Mitsuhiro
name: Saito, Hiroki
name: Fukuta, Yoshimichi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Wide variations of typhoon-induced spikelet sterility and days to heading (DH) were found among 317 introgression lines (INLs) originating from new-plant-type varieties with a genetic background of Indica Group rice variety IR 64. Sterility was induced by continuous dry winds from the typhoon. The most seriously affected were 194 INLs with DH ranging from 83 to 86 days. Positive correlations with the spikelet sterility score (SSS) were found for culm length (CL), panicle length (PL), and panicle weight (PW). Based on these traits and DH, the 194 INLs were classified into three groups: A1, A2, and B. The means of SSS and four traits (CL, PL, culm and leaf weight (CW), and panicle weight (PW)) were the lowest in group A1, and highest in group B. PN was significantly higher in group B than those in the others. Seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SSS were detected on chromosomes (chr.) 1, 2, 4, 7 (two), 8, and 11. Among them, the QTL of chr. 4 was located in the same regions as those of DH, CL, PL, CW, and panicle number (PN). Thus, the region on chr.4 might induce sterility in the INLs by modifying plant architecture, such as large panicles or high plant height with the minor effect of many tillers. The relationships among traits, and the QTLs will be useful information for genetic improvement of tolerance to typhoon damage in rice.