cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Remote preparation of arbitrary ensembles and quantum bit commitment
Creators: name: Halvorson, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Hughston-Jozsa-Wootters theorem shows that any finite ensemble of quantum states can be prepared "at a distance", and it has been used to demonstrate the insecurity of all bit commitment protocols based on finite quantum systems without superselection rules. In this paper, we prove a generalized HJW theorem for arbitrary ensembles of states on a C*-algebra. We then use this result to demonstrate the insecurity of bit commitment protocols based on infinite quantum systems, and quantum systems with Abelian superselection rules.
description: 21 pages, LaTeX. Version 2: Proofs expanded and made more self-contained; added an example of a bit commitment protocol with continuous ensembles
Additional file 1 of Children and young people’s mental health in the English-speaking Caribbean: a scoping review and evidence map
Creators: name: Liverpool, Shaun
name: Pereira, Brent
name: Pollard, Malika
name: Prescod, Jamal
name: Trotman, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Sample search strategy.
Supporting Information from Shift in ecological strategy helps marginal populations of shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) to overcome a high genetic load
Creators: name: Orsucci, Marion
name: Milesi, Pascal
name: Hansen, Johanna
name: Girodolle, Johanna
name: Glémin, Sylvain
name: Lascoux, Martin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: The outcome of species range expansion depends on the interplay of demographic, environmental and genetic factors. Self-fertilizing species usually show a higher invasive ability than outcrossers but selfing and bottlenecks during colonization also lead to an increased genetic load. The relationship between genomic and phenotypic characteristics of expanding populations has, hitherto, rarely been tested experimentally. We analysed how accessions of the shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris, from the colonization front or from the core of the natural range performed under increasing density of competitors. First, accessions from the front showed a reduced fitness than those from the core. Second, for all accessions, competitor density impacted negatively both vegetative growth and fruit production. However, despite their higher genetic load and lower absolute performances, accessions from the front were less affected by competition than accessions from the core. This seems to be due to phenotypic trade-offs and a shift in phenology that allow accessions from the front to avoid competition.
Estimation of Rate Control Parameters for Video Coding Using CNN
Creators: name: Santamaria, Maria
name: Izquierdo, Ebroul
name: Blasi, Saverio
name: Mrak, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rate-control is essential to ensure efficient video delivery. Typical rate-control algorithms rely on bit allocation strategies, to appropriately distribute bits among frames. As reference frames are essential for exploiting temporal redundancies, intra frames are usually assigned a larger portion of the available bits. In this paper, an accurate method to estimate number of bits and quality of intra frames is proposed, which can be used for bit allocation in a rate-control scheme. The algorithm is based on deep learning, where networks are trained using the original frames as inputs, while distortions and sizes of compressed frames after encoding are used as ground truths. Two approaches are proposed where either local or global distortions are predicted.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Generating Subgroups of the Circle using a Generalized class of Density Functions
Creators: name: Das, Pratulananda
name: Ghosh, Ayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22B05

description: In this article, we consider the generalized version $d^f_g$ of the natural density function introduced in \cite{BDK} where $g : \N \rightarrow [0,\infty)$ satisfies $g(n) \rightarrow \infty$ and $\frac{n}{g(n)} \nrightarrow 0$ whereas $f$ is an unbounded modulus function and generate versions of characterized subgroups of the circle group $\T$ using these density functions. We show that these subgroups have the same feature as the $s$-characterized subgroups \cite{DDB} or $α$-characterized subgroups \cite{BDH} and our results provide more general versions of the main results of both the articles. But at the same time the utility of this more general approach is justified by constructing new and nontrivial subgroups for suitable choice of $f$ and $g$. In several of our results we use properties of the ideal $\iZ_g(f)$ which are first presented along with certain new observations about these ideals which were not there in \cite{BDK}.
High velocity impact fragmentation and the energy efficiency of comminution
Creators: name: Sadrai, Sepehr
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Comminution processes are essential stages in mining and mineral processing operations to reduce the size of ore and rock, and liberate the valuable mineral for beneficiation. Comminution is energy-intensive and responsible for the majority used during mineral recovery. Energy use is inherently inefficient with almost all being dissipated as heat instead of new surface area (energy). Typical grinding efficiencies in terms of new surface area created range from 1 to 2 percent with crushing efficiencies lying slightly higher at 3 to 4 percent. High-pressure rolls and roller crushers are reported to operate at levels as high as 7 to 8 percent, while blasting has the highest efficiency of all ranging from 13 to 20 percent. This thesis reports on studies conducted into the effect of high strain rate achieved through high velocity impacts to enhance energy efficiency and mineral liberation. The research is focused on understanding the fracture mechanics of comminution at ultra-high strain rates and quantifies the distribution of energy with respect to generating new surface area. In interpreting breakage phenomena, accurate measurement of surface roughness and surface area is essential. A novel approach to determine these parameters based on fractal analysis has been developed. Changes in surface roughness of broken specimens under variable loading rates were studied using a laser probe to generate 3D topographical maps of the fracture surfaces. The results indicate that surface roughness and hence, specific particle size decreases to ~1 micron. Below this limit, surface.roughness begins to diminish from, particle-particle attrition. The influences of particle shape, porosity, and size have been accounted for in this analysis. An apparatus to measure the quantitative parameters of high velocity impact on aggregated rock samples has been developed. Experiments have been carried out on three materials at projectile velocities up to 450 ms⁻¹ utilizing a compressed air gas gun. The results, suggest energy efficiency of rock breakage can be improved by as much as 2 to 3 times under high velocity impact for the same energy input level. The effect is subtle and sensitive to the impact zone dimension, the hardness and porosity of the material, and the constraining or not of the sample. Our research aims to develop better understanding of the fundamentals of fragmentation with the purpose to increase efficiency and find ways to reduce the energy required for comminution. surface area, increases with increasing loading rate by several orders of magnitude as
EDR Reports
Creators: name: Romana Toft, Serena Dentoni, Fahimeh Mousavi
Publisher: name: EMPOWEREDbyNEIA
Year: 2025

description: The present document D.2.1 EDR Reports is the output of 'Task 2.1 – Entrepreneurial discovery workshops for identifying collaboration axis and opportunities’ within work package 2 of the EMPOWEREDbyNEIA project. The purpose of this deliverable is to provide a comprehensive report on the Entrepreneurial Discovery Workshops conducted during the project phase. These workshops aimed to validate the findings from the previous analysis in WP1 and identify key macro themes through an interactive, collaborative approach involving stakeholders from seven European regional innovation ecosystems of consortium partners and our target involved in this project including: Austria (Lower Austria), Bulgaria (Varna District), Croatia (Pannonian Croatia), Estonia (the entire country), Italy (Lazio region), Poland (Małopolska), and Romania (North-West Region). To achieve this, two online Entrepreneurial Discovery Workshops were organised, employing the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process methodology to encourage the development of ideas and collaboration opportunities. This deliverable presents the outcomes of the Entrepreneurial Discovery (ED) Workshops. It outlines the primary purpose of the workshops, the methodology used, and a summary of the planning, participant selection and recruitment processes, as well as the discussions and outcomes of each workshop. The workshops focused on co-creating actionable solutions, which are presented as concrete project ideas to be incorporated into the co-design of the Joint Action Plan
EFFICACY OF BOTANIGARD®, TRICON™ AND METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE TREATMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF CHILLI THRIPS, SCIRTOTHRIPS DORSALIS HOOD (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) IN THE GREENHOUSE
Creators: name: Seal, Dakshina R.
name: Klassen, Waldemar
name: Sabines, Catherine
name: Seal, Dakshina R.
name: Klassen, Waldemar
name: Sabines, Catherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Beauveria bassiana
subject: Metarhizium anisopliae
subject: Tricon
subject: spinosad
subject: pepper
subject: chilli thrips
subject: management

description: Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood is a significant pest of various vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops. Its biology is little known and its management remains largely to be developed. On 'Jalapeno' pepper plants BotaniGard® ES (Beauveria bassiana) applied at 2 qt/100 U.S. gal (0.5 L/100 L) at weekly intervals significantly reduced mean numbers of S. dorsalis adults and larvae when compared with the nontreated control. TriCon™ (a blend of borax, orange oil and biodegradable surfactants) at 50 oz/100 U.S. gal (391 ml/100 L) also reduced S. dorsalis populations on pepper and cotton when compared with the nontreated control. Metarhizium anisopliae (green muscardine fungus) at 29.0 oz/100 U.S. gal (227 ml/100 L) effectively reduced S. dorsalis adults on cotton. All treatments of M anisopliae and B. bassiana significantly reduced populations of chilli thrips larvae, and were comparable to spinosad (Spintor®), which provides excellent control of S. dorsalis larvae.
Squeezing MOND into a Cosmological Scenario
Creators: name: Lue, Arthur
name: Starkman, Glenn D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Explaining the effects of dark matter using modified gravitational dynamics (MOND) has for decades been both an intriguing and controversial possibility. By insisting that the gravitational interaction that accounts for the Newtonian force also drives cosmic expansion, one may kinematically identify which cosmologies are compatible with MOND, without explicit reference to the underlying theory so long as the theory obeys Birkhoff's law. Using this technique, we are able to self-consistently compute a number of quantities of cosmological interest. We find that the critical acceleration a_0 must have a slight source-mass dependence (a_0 ~ M^(1/3)) and that MOND cosmologies are naturally compatible with observed late-time expansion history and the contemporary cosmic acceleration. However, cosmologies that can produce enough density perturbations to account for structure formation are contrived and fine-tuned. Even then, they may be marginally ruled out by evidence of early (z \~ 20) reionization.
description: 11 pages revtex, 2 figures
The theory of employment: two approaches compared
Creators: name: Roncaglia, Alessandro
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Macroeconomic theory, Oligopoly, Neoclassical synthesis, Modigliani, Sylos Labini
subject: B31, D43, E13, E64

description: Introducing the publication of a long 1956 letter by Franco Modigliani (FM) to Paolo Sylos Labini (PSL) on the draft of PSL’s book, Oligopoly and Technical Progress, the paper critically reviews the theoretical background of FM’s comments, showing how the pre-Keynesian roots dominate the so-called neoclassical synthesis as well as its shaky foundations. The paper also discusses FM’s interpretation of PSL’s oligopoly theory, as well as their collaboration (and differences) on policy issues, such as their opposition to the 100% money wage indexation adopted in Italy from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. Keywords: Macroeconomic theory, Oligopoly, Neoclassical synthesis, Modigliani, Sylos Labini JEL code: B31, D43, E13, E64
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 67, N. 270 (2014)
title: An investigation of computerized information storage and retrieval methods, in a film library organized according to the universal decimal classification
Creators: name: Staff, Brian Eric
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1979

description: The operation of the BBC Film Library was studied with the intention of defining those areas likely to benefit from computerization. The state of the art of computerized information retrieval was assessed by means of the literature, and those techniques likely to be of use at the Film Library were isolated. Computer programs were written to provide an information storage and retrieval system paralleling the manual system currently used at the Film Library, organized according to the UNIVERSAL DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION (UDC). These programs were operated by the film librarians in situ. A computerized system able to "learn" from enquiries was built and tested, and document clustering was also investigated as a method of subject classification. A modular approach to retrieval system design was developed within the framework of a Relational Database system, so that the various retrieval methods examined in the course of the study could be cemented into one concertive retrieval system.
Building Secure Clouds by Perpetual Auditing using Blockchain Technology.pdf
Creators: name: Balamurugan N
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: The modern method of storing the data is a cloud server. But due to security and privacy concerns about the dependability of their CSP, consumers of Cloud service are irresolute to select cloud services. Hence, avoid this circumstance, we bring in an in-built verifier to validate the data regularly in the cloud. Cloud service mainly approached these matters by building assurance and enhancing the clarity of the cloud service provider. Along with CS, Perpetual Auditing (PA) of the cloud server is determined to increase the reliability of the certificates. Also, by implementing the blockchain technology, the user's data will be split into blocks and stored in different servers which makes the data more secure. It also audits the transactions in the cloud by the users.
Indirect treatment comparison
Creators: name: Miladinovic, Branko
name: Chaimani, Anna
name: Hozo, Iztok
name: Djulbegovic, Benjamin
name: Miladinovic, Branko
name: Chaimani, Anna
name: Hozo, Iztok
name: Djulbegovic, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: indirect, Bucher, network meta-analysis

description: This article presents a command, indirect, for the estimation of effects of multiple treatments in the absence of randomized controlled trials for direct comparisons of interventions.
Laser induced reentrant freezing in two-dimensional attractive colloidal systems
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Pinaki
name: Das, Chinmay
name: Dasgupta, Chandan
name: Krishnamurthy, H. R.
name: Sood, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of an externally applied one-dimensional periodic potential on the freezing/melting behaviour of two-dimensional systems of colloidal particles with a short-range attractive interaction are studied using Monte Carlo simulations. In such systems, incommensuration results when the periodicity of the external potential does not match the length-scale at which the minimum of the attractive potential occurs. To study the effects of this incommensuration, we consider two different models for the system. Our simulations for both these models show the phenomenon of reentrant freezing as the strength of the periodic potential is varied. Our simulations also show that different exotic phases can form when the strength of the periodic potential is high, depending on the length-scale at which the minimum of the attractive pair-potential occurs.
description: 24 pages (including figures) in preprint format
Constructing Solvable Models of Vector Non-linear Schrodinger Equation with Balanced Loss and Gain via Non-unitary transformation
Creators: name: Ghosh, Pijush K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider vector Non-linear Schrodinger Equation(NLSE) with balanced loss-gain(BLG), linear coupling(LC) and a general form of cubic nonlinearity. We use a non-unitary transformation to show that the system can be exactly mapped to the same equation without the BLG and LC, and with a modified time-modulated nonlinear interaction. The nonlinear term remains invariant, while BLG and LC are removed completely, for the special case of a pseudo-unitary transformation. The mapping is generic and may be used to construct exactly solvable autonomous as well as non-autonomous vector NLSE with BLG. We present an exactly solvable two-component vector NLSE with BLG which exhibits power-oscillation. An example of a vector NLSE with BLG and arbitrary even number of components is also presented.
description: Two column, 8 pages, 2 Multi-panel figures, Added new results, discussions and references
Additional file 6 of Psychological distress, burnout, and coping strategies among Nigerian primary school teachers: a school-based cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Ozoemena, Eyuche Lawretta
name: Agbaje, Olaoluwa Samson
name: Ogundu, Levi
name: Ononuju, Amaka Harry
name: Umoke, Prince Christian Iheanachor
name: Iweama, Cylia Nkechi
name: Kato, George Usman
name: Isabu, Augustina Chikaodili
name: Obute, Akor John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6.
Modigliani’s comments on Sylos Labini’s theory of unemployment (1956-1958)
Creators: name: Rancan, Antonella
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: Franco Modigliani, Paolo Sylos Labini, Unemployment

description: This note discusses Modigliani’s and Sylos Labini’s unemployment theory starting from a long letter Modigliani wrote to his friend and colleague, commenting the provisional edition of “Oligopolio e Progresso Tecnico” (1956). While in his influential article review (1958) Modigliani especially analysed and developed along original lines Sylos Labini’s microeconomic theory, in the letter he deeply discussed Sylos Labini macroeconomics. Modigliani criticized Sylos Labini’s classical definition of investment and the ensuing confusion between monetary and real causes of unemployment. From their correspondence their different theoretical perspective clearly stands out: Modigliani was interested in explaining the emergence of unemployment equilibrium in a static context, Sylos Labini its persistence as the result of structural changes. JEL codes: B10, B22, B30 Keyword: Franco Modigliani, Paolo Sylos Labini, Unemployment
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 67, N. 270 (2014)
A search for distinctive features of demand-led growth models
Creators: name: Parrinello, Sergio
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Growth, Keynesian long-period analysis, capacity utilization, productive-financial capacity
subject: B50, E22, O4

description: This paper aims at a critical and constructive assessment of some extensions of Keynes’s analysis of effective demand to the long period and growth. A criticism is addressed to a single-cause interpretation of the demand-led growth models and to the notion of normal capacity utilization adopted in such models. A positive argument tries to find a distinctive characterization of those extensions in the productive and financial conditions that make effective the autonomous changes in aggregate demand. It suggests a notion of normal capacity utilization as a range of distributions of normal utilization, related to the cost minimizing choice of techniques and to the persistence of the long term expectations of normal prices underlying the investment decisions. In such a context a long-period analysis with normal prices should avoid a dual steady growth where constant relative prices of capital goods correspond to constant proportions among the stocks of fixed capital. Keywords: Growth, Keynesian long-period analysis, capacity utilization, productive-financial capacity JEL codes: B50, E22, O4
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 67, N. 270 (2014)
A letter to Sylos Labini
Creators: name: Modigliani, Franco
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Macroeconomic theory, Oligopoly, Neoclassical synthesis, Modigliani, Sylos Labini
subject: B31, D43, E13

description: The letter, dated 14 September 1956, starts a decade long correspondence between Franco Modigliani and Paolo Sylos Labini. Here Modigliani discusses at length a first draft of Sylos Labini’s book on oligopoly theory. Differently from Modigliani’s well known 1958 review of the book, Modigliani focuses here not mainly on the structure of oligopoly industries, but especially on the macroeconomic implications of Sylos Labini’s model. The letter is reproduced with Sylos Labini’s annotated comments on Modigliani’s remarks. Keywords: Macroeconomic theory, Oligopoly, Neoclassical synthesis, Modigliani, Sylos Labini JEL codes: B31, D43, E13
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 67, N. 270 (2014)
Net survival estimation with stns
Creators: name: Clerc-Urmès, Isabelle
name: Grzebyk, Michel
name: Hédelin, Guy
name: Clerc-Urmès, Isabelle
name: Grzebyk, Michel
name: Hédelin, Guy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: stns, net survival, relative survival

description: In this article, we introduce a new Stata command to estimate the net survival function and the net cumulative hazard. The command includes graphic facilities. It was designed to have a similar syntax to sts, the Stata command dedicated to estimate survival and related functions. We present two examples to illustrate the use of this new command.
Resources required for exact remote state preparation
Creators: name: Berry, Dominic W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown [M.-Y. Ye, Y.-S. Zhang, and G.-C. Guo, Phys. Rev. A 69, 022310 (2004)] that it is possible to perform exactly faithful remote state preparation using finite classical communication and any entangled state with maximal Schmidt number. Here we give an explicit procedure for performing this remote state preparation. We show that the classical communication required for this scheme is close to optimal for remote state preparation schemes of this type. In addition we prove that it is necessary that the resource state have maximal Schmidt number.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Reports and other PDF documents
Creators: name: Cámara, Rafael J. A.
name: Cámara, Rafael J. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: lpdf, PDF, reports, documents, combine

description: Stata users often need to combine text, tables, and figures. The author’s command, lpdf, generates reports and other PDF documents. lpdf compiles text stored in global macros, tables stored as dataset tables or LATEX table input files, and figures stored as Stata graphs or PDF figure files. LATEX must be installed, but familiarity with LATEX is not necessary. lpdf performs every step through Stata and with Stata syntax. It generates documents in report or article style and portrait or landscape orientation. The default author name, document title, and date can be modified. Further format options include the font and margin sizes. For each table and figure, the width and layout can be adapted. Stata users with LATEX skills may benefit from additional possibilities. The lpdf adofile includes two other useful commands called latexize and latext. latexize processes the content of string variables to properly type special characters and symbols in LATEX input files. latext modifies text stored in global macros in the same way.
BCJ, worldsheet quantum algebra and KZ equations
Creators: name: Fu, Chih-Hao
name: Wang, Yihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We exploit the correspondence between twisted homology and quantum group to construct an algebra explanation of the open string kinematic numerator. In this setting the representation depends on string modes, and therefore the cohomology content of the numerator, as well as the location of the punctures. We show that quantum group root system thus identified helps determine the Casimir appears in the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection, which can be used to relate representations associated with different puncture locations.
description: v2: Published version, clarifying comments and reference added, 32 pages, 8 figures
Hot One-Temperature Accretion Flows Revisited
Creators: name: Yuan, Feng
name: Taam, Ronald E.
name: Xue, Yongquan
name: Cui, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effectiveness of the thermal coupling of ions and electrons in the context of optically thin, hot accretion flows is investigated. In the limit of complete coupling, we focus on the one-temperature accretion flows. Based on a global analysis, the results are compared with two-temperature accretion flow models and with the observations of black hole sources. Many features are quite similar. That is, hot one-temperature solutions are found to exist for mass flow rates less than a critical value; i.e., $\dot{M}\la 10α^2\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$, where $\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}= L_{\rm Edd}/c^2$ is the Eddington accretion rate. At low mass flow rates, $\dot{M}\la 10^{-3}α^2 \dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$, the solution is in the advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) regime. But at higher rates, radiative cooling is effective and is mainly balanced by advective {\em heating}, placing the solution in the regime of luminous hot accretion flow (LHAF). To test the viability of the one-temperature models, we have fitted the spectra of the two black hole sources, Sgr A* and XTE J1118+480, which have been examined successfully with two-temperature models. It is found that the one-temperature models do not provide acceptable fits to the multi-wavelength spectra of Sgr A* nor to XTE J1118+480 as a result of the higher temperatures characteristic of the one-temperature models. It is concluded that the thermal coupling of ions and electrons cannot be fully effective and that a two-temperature description is required in hot accretion flow solutions.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, to appear in ApJ
title: Minor planet astrophotometry
Creators: name: Williams, Gareth Vaughan
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2013

description: Historically, the Minor Planet Center (MPC) has concentrated on improving the quality of the astrometric observations and the resulting orbits of minor planets. In light of long-standing complaints in the literature about the quality of the photometric parameters for the minor planets, there has been a need to improve the quality of the absolute magnitudes, H, and slope parameters, G. However, this task is complex, as the bulk of the minor-planet magnitude estimates are suppl ied by the astrometric observers. These observations are not made through standard fillers and are made with respect to the (indifferent) magnitudes in numerous astrometric reference catalogues. Such magnitude estimates are labelled "astrophotometry", to reflect their low quality. This thesis describes a method for correcting the catalogue- and observer-specific errors present in the astrophotometry. This method was applied to more than 70 million astrometric observations with magnitude estimates. New H determinations have been made for 322 607 numbered minor planets, while new G determinations have been made for 64 348 numbered minor planets. New assumed G values have been determined for 258 259 numbered minor planets. Analysis of the results shows that the problems identified in the literature have been removed, particularly the -0.5 magnitude offset at H≈14 that is present in the current MPC HG data set. Implications of the new H magnitudes on the albedos determined by the WISE space mission and on the differential H distributions of various types of solar-system object are discussed.
Modifying the surface electronic properties of YBa2Cu3O7-delta with cryogenic scanning probe microscopy
Creators: name: Urazhdin, S.
name: Neils, W. K.
name: Tessmer, S. H.
name: Birge, Norman O.
name: Van Harlingen, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a cryogenic study of the modification of YBa2Cu3O7-delta surface electronic properties with the probe of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A negative voltage applied to the sample during STM tunneling is found to modify locally the conductance of the native degraded surface layer. When the degraded layer is removed by etching, the effect disappears. An additional surface effect is identified using Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy in combination with STM. We observe reversible surface charging for both etched and unetched samples, indicating the presence of a defect layer even on a surface never exposed to air.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Superconductor Science and Technology
title: Identifying individual patients' socio-economic position : a basis for vertical equity approaches in primary health care
Creators: name: Higginson, Martin Richard
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2010

description: This thesis develops an original approach to identify the socio economic position of individual patients at GP practices. In diverse and densely populated inner city areas, there is reason to expect that an individually based measure of socio-economic position of individuals may be a useful tool to support effective use of resources in primary case. An innovative method of classifying individual patients' socio-economic positions when registering at a GP practice was developed for this purpose. It is argued that this method could be used as a basis for a vertical equity approach to healthcare. Logistic regression techniques and measures of sensitivity and specificity are used in an original method designed to identify patients to two socioeconomic benchmarks. Criteria are provided for a framework in which decisions can be made to target patients. The thesis adopts a critical perspective on current thinking around equity in healthcare. Interviews establish that NHS professionals agree that a vertical equity approach would be an effective means to address health inequities. However, they also see significant barriers to adoption of such an approach. A complex and sophisticated set of issues emerge from qualitative comments from patients concerning this research method. The comments demonstrate a deep engagement with the NHS. They include views on the determinants of health and the way in which healthcare is organised that relate directly to equity in healthcare. The findings are contextualised in the light of recent government policy proposals and challenge the direction of that policy as being ineffective in addressing health inequities. They also highlight possible future tensions between NHS professionals and patients.
title: Manipulation and control of ultra-cold rubidium atoms
Creators: name: Kowalczyk, Anna Urszula
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2013

description: During the course of this PhD an experimental set-up has been designed and implemented to confine neutral atoms in microscopic dipole traps and to manipulate their internal states by laser excitation to Rydberg states. A lot of effort was devoted to the stabilization of the laser sources for two-photon excitation to the Rydberg states, using techniques based on modulation transfer spectroscopy and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Taking advantage of the EIT spectroscopy scheme, we have measured for the first time the electric dipole moments for the transitions between the first excited 5P3/2 and Rydberg nDS/2 level of rubidium. These measurements provided benchmarking of existing theoretical models to calculate the reduced matrix elements and have helped us to identify the D'yachkov Pankratov method as a particularly reliable one. Therefore we made use of the existing code to calculate the relative radial matrix elements for bound-bound, bound-free and free-free transitions between arbitrary states of alkali atoms. Our results allowed us to identify many features of interest and several Cooper minima have been revealed for the first time. The preparation of a new apparatus required ultra-high vacuum for efficient laser cooling and trapping experiments. A unique 4-beam magneto-optical trap has been designed and implemented in our new system. The tetrahedral MOT operating at a very acute beams angle has been demonstrated for the first time. The characterisation of the basic properties of our MOT has highlighted. some interesting new cooling mechanisms that do not fully match existing theoretical models and will require further investigation. It has been demonstrated that our tetrahedral MOT is suitable to prepare cold, diluted reservoirs of atoms and therefore efficiently load our microscopic dipole trap.
title: Phenotype and function of B cells in children infected with human immunodeficiency vius
Creators: name: Muema, Daniel Kyuson Muli
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: HIV infection has been shown to affect all lymphocyte populations, including the B-cell compartment. Defects in phenotype and function of B cells have been well characterized in HIV -infected adults. However, only a few studies have investigated the effect of HIV on the B-cell compartment in children, and such studies have been less detailed than in adults. As a result, much remains to be described with regard to B cells in HIV -infected children.

In this study, I assessed the phenotype and function of B cells in HIV-infected children. I also assessed the in vitro effect of various B-cell stimulant-combinations and the effect of recombinant HIV-1 nef protein on the resultant B-cell responses.

The phenotypic defects observed in the HIV-infected children were broadly similar to those observed in HIV-infected adults but with minor differences. Furthermore, high viraemia and low CD4+ T-cell percentages interfered with the age-related accumulation of B-cell memory, suggesting that children of all ages might benefit from immediate initiation of HAART upon diagnosis with HIV -infection. HIV infection was also associated with poor B-cell responses to vaccine antigens, implying that such children may require revaccination upon initiation of HAART. In the in vitro experiments, different B-cell stimulants elicited synergistic effects on B cells. However, HIV-1 Nef did not affect various B-cell responses upon exposure to the B-cell stimulants.

WHO has recently revised the recommendations for management of paediatric HIV. All children below five years of age are to be started on HAART the moment they are diagnosed with HIV, but such recommendations are yet to be adopted into national guidelines. The possibilities of revaccinating HIV-infected children once on HAART need to be evaluated. Even though some studies have repotted on the possible causes of B cell defects in HIV, more research needs to be done to elucidate other causes that may offer intervention targets.
Fractional Fermi liquid in a generalized $t-J$ model
Creators: name: Zhang, Ya-Hui
name: Zhu, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the recent discovery of superconductivity in the nickelate Nd$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$NiO$_2$, we study a generalized $t-J$ model to investigate the correlated phases induced by doping spin-one Ni$^{2+}$ into a spin $1/2$ Mott insulator formed by Ni$^{1+}$. Based on a three-fermion parton mean field analysis, we identify a robust fractional Fermi liquid (FL*) phase for almost every doping level. The FL* state is characterized by a small Fermi pocket on top of a spin liquid, which violates the Luttinger theorem of a conventional Fermi liquid and is an example of a symmetric pseudogap metal. Furthermore, we verify our theory in one dimension through density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations on both the generalized $t-J$ model and a two-orbital Hubbard model. The fractional Fermi liquid reduces to fractional Luttinger liquid (LL*) in one dimension, which is connected to the conventional Luttinger liquid through a continuous quantum phase transition by tuning interaction strength. Our findings offer new insights into correlated electron phenomena in nickelate superconductors and other multi-orbital transition metal oxide with spin-triplet $d^8$ state.
description: 7+4 pages; 7 figurer; 2nd version: change language and add figures; 3rd version: minor change for PRB
Estimating adjusted associations between random effects from multilevel models: The reffadjust package
Creators: name: Palmer, Tom M.
name: Macdonald-Wallis, Corrie M.
name: Lawlor, Debbie A.
name: Tilling, Kate
name: Palmer, Tom M.
name: Macdonald-Wallis, Corrie M.
name: Lawlor, Debbie A.
name: Tilling, Kate
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: reffadjust, reffadjustsim, reffadjust4nlcom, meqrlogit, meqrpoisson, mixed, multilevel models, runmlwin, xtmelogit, xtmepoisson, xtmixed, ALSPAC

description: We describe a method to estimate associations between random effects from multilevel models. We provide two new postestimation commands, reffadjustsim and reffadjust4nlcom, which are distributed as the reffadjust package. These commands produce the estimates and their associated confidence intervals. The commands are used after official Stata multilevel model estimation commands mixed, meqrlogit, and meqrpoisson (formerly named xtmixed, xtmelogit, and xtmepoisson, respectively, before Stata 13) and with models fit in the MLwiN statistical software package via the runmlwin command. We demonstrate our commands with several simulated datasets and for a bivariate outcome model investigating the relationship between weight and mean arterial pressure in pregnant women using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Our method and commands help to improve the interpretability of estimated random-effects variance components from multilevel models.
Estimating the dose–response function through a generalized linear model approach
Creators: name: Guardabascio, Barbara
name: Ventura, Marco
name: Guardabascio, Barbara
name: Ventura, Marco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: glmgpscore, glmdose, generalized propensity score, generalized linear model, dose–response, continuous treatment, bias removal

description: In this article, we revise the estimation of the dose–response function described in Hirano and Imbens (2004, Applied Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference from Incomplete-Data Perspectives, 73–84) by proposing a flexible way to estimate the generalized propensity score when the treatment variable is not necessarily normally distributed. We also provide a set of programs that accomplish this task. To do this, in the existing doseresponse program (Bia and Mattei, 2008, Stata Journal 8: 354–373), we substitute the maximum likelihood estimator in the first step of the computation with the more flexible generalized linear model.
Singularities in Hessian element distributions of amorphous media
Creators: name: Krishnan, Vishnu V.
name: Karmakar, Smarajit
name: Ramola, Kabir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the distribution of elements $H$ in the Hessian matrices associated with amorphous materials exhibit singularities $P(H) \sim {\lvert H \rvert}^γ$ with an exponent $γ< 0$, as $\lvert H \rvert \to 0$. We exploit the rotational invariance of the underlying disorder in amorphous structures to derive these exponents exactly for systems interacting via radially symmetric potentials. We show that $γ$ depends only on the degree of smoothness $n$ of the potential of interaction between the constituent particles at the cut-off distance, independent of the details of interaction in both two and three dimensions. We verify our predictions with numerical simulations of models of structural glass formers. Finally, we show that such singularities affect the stability of amorphous solids, through the distributions of the minimum eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, +Supplemental Material
A Monte Carlo study to investigate the dosimetric accuracy in the small field regime
Creators: name: Stradiotto, Marco
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a technique where an external photon beam is used to deliver a high dose of ionizing radiation to a small, localized brain lesion. The treatment fields used in this technique can be of the order of 1 cm for a circular collimated field. Accurate dosimetry of small-field photon beams such as those used in stereotactic radiosurgery is difficult because of the presence of steep dose gradients and lateral electronic disequilibrium (LED). Conventional measurement devices and treatment planning systems (TPS) have difficulty in determining dose accurately for small treatment fields where LED is present. Further, the pencil beam algorithm in certain TPS has been known to have certain limitations in regards to dose calculation in inhomogeneous media where LED is present. The use of Monte Carlo simulations in radiotherapy has been established as an accurate way of assessing dose distributions in inhomogeneous media regardless of LED, field size and for beam obliquity. In this work a Varian iX linear accelerator equipped with a micro-multileaf collimator was modeled using the Monte Carlo code BEAMnrc and dose calculations were performed with the Monte Carlo code DOSXYZnrc to accurately predict relative dose factors (RDF) and inhomogeneity correction factors (ICF) in inhomogeneous bone and air phantoms. The results were compared with ion chamber measurements and calculations with the TPS BrainSCAN (Brainlab, Germany). After benchmarking our BEAMnrc linear accelerator with measured data and obtaining good agreement, further calculations to determine RDF and ICF were performed with DOSXYZnrc. The RDF values obtained with Monte Carlo simulation agree to within 1% with their corresponding measured values and the ICF values obtained with Monte Carlo simulation agree to within 1% with their corresponding values obtained from BrainSCAN. Based on our observations and data we conclude that Monte Carlo is an effective tool for calculating RDFs for small radiation fields where LED is a problem and for quantifying the possible limitations of a dose calculation algorithm in the region of LED. In general, we also conclude that the TPS BrainSCAN inaccurately predicts dose in the presence of lower density inhomogeneities and this inaccuracy becomes worse for smaller field sizes.
Resonance magneto-resistance in double barrier structure with spin-valve
Creators: name: Ryzhanova, N.
name: Reiss, G.
name: Kanjouri, F.
name: Vedyayev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conductance and tunnel magneto-resistance (TMR) of the double barrier magnetic tunnel junction with spin-valve sandwich (F/P/F) inserted between two insulating barrier, are theoretically investigated. It is shown, that resonant tunnelling, due to the quantum well states of the electron confined between two barriers, sharply depends on the mutual orientation of the magnetizations of ferromagnetic layers F. The calculated optimistic value of TMR exceeds 2000% .
description: 3 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Children and young people’s mental health in the English-speaking Caribbean: a scoping review and evidence map
Creators: name: Liverpool, Shaun
name: Pereira, Brent
name: Pollard, Malika
name: Prescod, Jamal
name: Trotman, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Characteristics of the reviewed studies (K=96).