cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Health effects of soy-biodiesel emissions: bioassay-directed fractionation for mutagenicity
Creators: name: Mutlu, Esra
name: Warren, Sarah H.
name: Matthews, Peggy P.
name: Schmid, Judith E.
name: Kooter, Ingeborg M.
name: Linak, William P.
name: M. Ian Gilmour
name: DeMarini, David M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Context: Soy biodiesel is the predominant biodiesel in the USA, but there is little understanding of the classes of chemicals responsible for the mutagenicity of its emissions. Objective: We determined some of the chemical classes responsible for the mutagenicity of the particulate matter (PM) of the emissions from petroleum diesel (B0) and biodiesel containing increasing concentrations of soy methyl esters (B20, B50, and B100). Materials and methods: We subjected organic extracts of the PM to bioassay-directed fractionation by sequential elution on silica gel with solvents of increasing polarity to produce four fractions per fuel. We injected these onto high performance liquid chromatography to produce 62 sub-fractions per fraction based on chemical polarity and evaluated all fractions and sub-fractions for mutagenicity in Salmonella. We correlated the results with the concentrations of 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the fractions. Results: The mutagenicity-emission factors of the fractions generally decreased with increasing concentrations of soy in the fuel. Despite the different chemical compositions of the fuels, the extractable organics of all four emissions had similar features: ∼60% of the mass was nonpolar, non-mutagenic compounds; most of the PAHs were polar; and most of the mutagenicity was due to weakly polar and polar compounds. Some of the mutagenicity of B20 was due to highly polar compounds. Conclusions: The PM from soy biodiesel emissions was less mutagenic than that from petroleum diesel, and this reduction was associated with reduced concentrations of various weakly polar, polar, and highly polar mutagens, including PAHs, aromatic amines, nitroarenes, and oxy-PAHs.
Soy biodiesel emissions have reduced inflammatory effects compared to diesel emissions in healthy and allergic mice
Creators: name: Gavett, Stephen H.
name: Wood, Charles E.
name: Williams, Marc A.
name: Cyphert, Jaime M.
name: Boykin, Elizabeth H.
name: Daniels, Mary J.
name: Copeland, Lisa B.
name: King, Charly
name: Krantz, Todd Q.
name: Richards, Judy H.
name: Andrews, Debora L.
name: Jaskot, Richard H.
name: M. Ian Gilmour
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Toxicity of exhaust from combustion of petroleum diesel (B0), soy-based biodiesel (B100), or a 20% biodiesel/80% petrodiesel mix (B20) was compared in healthy and house dust mite (HDM)-allergic mice. Fuel emissions were diluted to target fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations of 50, 150, or 500 μg/m3. Studies in healthy mice showed greater levels of neutrophils and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 2 h after a single 4-h exposure to B0 compared with mice exposed to B20 or B100. No consistent differences in BAL cells and biochemistry, or hematological parameters, were observed after 5 d or 4 weeks of exposure to any of the emissions. Air-exposed HDM-allergic mice had significantly increased responsiveness to methacholine aerosol challenge compared with non-allergic mice. Exposure to any of the emissions for 4 weeks did not further increase responsiveness in either non-allergic or HDM-allergic mice, and few parameters of allergic inflammation in BAL fluid were altered. Lung and nasal pathology were not significantly different among B0-, B20-, or B100-exposed groups. In HDM-allergic mice, exposure to B0, but not B20 or B100, significantly increased resting peribronchiolar lymph node cell proliferation and production of TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and IL-17 in comparison with air-exposed allergic mice. These results suggest that diesel exhaust at a relatively high concentration (500 μg/m3) can induce inflammation acutely in healthy mice and exacerbate some components of allergic responses, while comparable concentrations of B20 or B100 soy biodiesel fuels did not elicit responses different from those caused by air exposure alone.
Effects of hydrogen peroxide on relaxation through the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway in isolated rat iliac arteries
Creators: name: Imamura, Takeshi
name: Okamura, Tomio
name: Tawa, Masashi
name: Shimosato, Takashi
name: Iwasaki, Hirotaka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: The production of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is increased in diseased blood vessels. Although H2O2 leads to impairment of the nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cGMP signaling pathway, it is not clear whether this reactive molecule affects the redox state of sGC, a key determinant of NO bioavailability. To clarify this issue, mechanical responses of endothelium-denuded rat external iliac arteries to BAY 41-2272 (sGC stimulator), BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator), nitroglycerin (NO donor), acidified NaNO2 (exogenous NO) and 8-Br-cGMP (cGMP analog) were studied under exposure to H2O2. The relaxant response to BAY 41-2272 (pD2: 6.79 ± 0.10 and 6.62 ± 0.17), BAY 60-2770 (pD2: 9.57 ± 0.06 and 9.34 ± 0.15) or 8-Br-cGMP (pD2: 5.19 ± 0.06 and 5.24 ± 0.08) was not apparently affected by exposure to H2O2. In addition, vascular cGMP production stimulated with BAY 41-2272 or BAY 60-2770 in the presence of H2O2 was identical to that in its absence. On the other hand, nitroglycerin-induced relaxation was markedly attenuated by exposing the arteries to H2O2 (pD2: 8.73 ± 0.05 and 8.30 ± 0.05), which was normalized in the presence of catalase (pD2: 8.59 ± 0.05). Likewise, H2O2 exposure impaired the relaxant response to acidified NaNO2 (pD2: 6.52 ± 0.17 and 6.09 ± 0.16). These findings suggest that H2O2 interferes with the NO-mediated action, but the sGC redox equilibrium and the downstream target(s) of cGMP are unlikely to be affected in the vasculature.
Nonylphenol exposure is associated with oxidative and nitrative stress in pregnant women
Creators: name: Mei-Lien Chen
name: Yang, Winnie
name: Pei-Wei Wang
name: Huang, Li-Wei
name: Kuen-Yuh Wu
name: Huang, Yu-Fang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: ABSTRACTAnimal studies have shown that exposure to nonylphenol (NP) increases oxidative/nitrative stress, but whether it does so in humans is unknown. This study examines prenatal exposure to NP and its effects on oxidatively/nitratively damaged DNA, lipid peroxidation, and the activities of antioxidants. A total of 146 urine and blood specimens were collected during gestational weeks 27–38 and hospital admission for delivery, respectively. Urinary NP was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Urinary biomarkers of oxidatively/nitratively damaged DNA and lipid peroxidation, including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 8-nitroguanine (8-NO2Gua), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPF2α) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), were simultaneously analyzed using isotope-dilution liquid-chromatography/electron spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The activities of maternal plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urinary NP level was significantly associated with 8-oxodG and 8-NO2Gua levels in late pregnancy, suggesting that NP may enhance oxidatively and nitratively damaged DNA. The adjusted odds ratios for high 8-oxodG level exhibited a significantly dose–response relationship with NP levels, stratified into four quartiles. 8-oxodG appears to be a more sensitive and effective biomarker of NP exposure than 8-NO2Gua. These relationships suggest NP may play a role in the pregnancy complications.
Comparative cardiopulmonary toxicity of exhausts from soy-based biofuels and diesel in healthy and hypertensive rats
Creators: name: Bass, Virginia L.
name: Schladweiler, Mette C.
name: Nyska, Abraham
name: Thomas, Ronald F.
name: Desinia B. Miller
name: Krantz, Todd
name: King, Charly
name: M. Ian Gilmour
name: Ledbetter, Allen D.
name: Richards, Judy E.
name: Kodavanti, Urmila P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Increased use of renewable energy sources raise concerns about health effects of new emissions. We analyzed relative cardiopulmonary health effects of exhausts from (1) 100% soy biofuel (B100), (2) 20% soy biofuel + 80% low sulfur petroleum diesel (B20), and (3) 100% petroleum diesel (B0) in rats. Normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed to these three exhausts at 0, 50, 150 and 500 μg/m3, 4 h/day for 2 days or 4 weeks (5 days/week). In addition, WKY rats were exposed for 1 day and responses were analyzed 0 h, 1 day or 4 days later for time-course assessment. Hematological parameters, in vitro platelet aggregation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of pulmonary injury and inflammation, ex vivo aortic ring constriction, heart and aorta mRNA markers of vasoconstriction, thrombosis and atherogenesis were analyzed. The presence of pigmented macrophages in the lung alveoli was clearly evident with all three exhausts without apparent pathology. Overall, exposure to all three exhausts produced only modest effects in most endpoints analyzed in both strains. BALF γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity was the most consistent marker and was increased in both strains, primarily with B0 (B0 > B100 > B20). This increase was associated with only modest increases in BALF neutrophils. Small and very acute increases occurred in aorta mRNA markers of vasoconstriction and thrombosis with B100 but not B0 in WKY rats. Our comparative evaluations show modest cardiovascular and pulmonary effects at low concentrations of all exhausts: B0 causing more pulmonary injury and B100 more acute vascular effects. BALF GGT activity could serve as a sensitive biomarker of inhaled pollutants.
Soy biodiesel emissions have reduced inflammatory effects compared to diesel emissions in healthy and allergic mice
Creators: name: Wood, Charles E.
name: King, Charly
name: Richards, Judy H.
name: M. Ian Gilmour
name: Gavett, Stephen H.
name: Williams, Marc A.
name: Cyphert, Jaime M.
name: Boykin, Elizabeth H.
name: Daniels, Mary J.
name: Copeland, Lisa B.
name: Krantz, Todd Q.
name: Andrews, Debora L.
name: Jaskot, Richard H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Physiology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering

description: Toxicity of exhaust from combustion of petroleum diesel (B0), soy-based biodiesel (B100), or a 20% biodiesel/80% petrodiesel mix (B20) was compared in healthy and house dust mite (HDM)-allergic mice. Fuel emissions were diluted to target fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations of 50, 150, or 500 μg/m3. Studies in healthy mice showed greater levels of neutrophils and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 2 h after a single 4-h exposure to B0 compared with mice exposed to B20 or B100. No consistent differences in BAL cells and biochemistry, or hematological parameters, were observed after 5 d or 4 weeks of exposure to any of the emissions. Air-exposed HDM-allergic mice had significantly increased responsiveness to methacholine aerosol challenge compared with non-allergic mice. Exposure to any of the emissions for 4 weeks did not further increase responsiveness in either non-allergic or HDM-allergic mice, and few parameters of allergic inflammation in BAL fluid were altered. Lung and nasal pathology were not significantly different among B0-, B20-, or B100-exposed groups. In HDM-allergic mice, exposure to B0, but not B20 or B100, significantly increased resting peribronchiolar lymph node cell proliferation and production of TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and IL-17 in comparison with air-exposed allergic mice. These results suggest that diesel exhaust at a relatively high concentration (500 μg/m3) can induce inflammation acutely in healthy mice and exacerbate some components of allergic responses, while comparable concentrations of B20 or B100 soy biodiesel fuels did not elicit responses different from those caused by air exposure alone.
Location and time-specific investigation of roof rainwater quality is important to safeguard public health
Creators: name: Getachew Redae Taffere
name: Abebe Beyene
name: Vuai, Said A.H.
name: Janvier Gasana
name: Yilma Seleshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Harvested roof rainwater plays a vital role in supplying water in the scarce semi-arid areas. Prior knowledge of rainwater quality helps to understand the relative pollutant contributions of location- and time-associated factors. The present work is aimed to explore source and time factors affecting rainwater quality and associated public health risk in the city of Mekelle, a semi-arid area in Ethiopia. Roof rainwater samples (n = 21) were collected from May to August 2014 from residential, commercial, bus station, and industrial areas. The samples were analyzed for major ions, physical parameters, and coliforms. The order of concentrations of major ions was observed to be > Ca2+ > Cl− > Mg2+ > > Na+ > > > K+. The average pH of rainwater at these stations was 8.26 and ranging from 6.84 to 10.59, indicating alkaline nature. The observed alkalinity is attributed to the nature of soil and geological formation of the area and a significant influence of the cement factory. No definite trends were found in most of the ionic components at all the locations and time of sampling with p-value > 0.05. However, concentrations of physical parameters (total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, and turbidity) were statistically significant with time of sampling (p-value
Novel Instrument to Separate Large Inhalable Particles
Creators: name: K. R. Anderson
name: D. Leith
name: M. Ndonga
name: J. Volckens
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Large inhalable particles are present in the workplace, yet few instruments exist to count and size such particles in situ. Inhalable-aerosol exposure can be evaluated using mass-based samplers such as the IOM or Button sampler, but these devices do not provide information on particle size distributions. Size-resolved samplers such as cascade impactors or the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer are limited to particle sizes <20 μm due to difficulties with particle aspiration and transmission losses. This work describes the development of two samplers capable of measuring the concentration and size distribution of airborne particles from 20 to 100 μm in aerodynamic diameter. One device is based on the principles of an upflow elutriator, whereas the other eliminates the potentially adverse effects of an upward-facing jet to separate particles from a quiescent airstream. Analytical models and computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to predict the performance of the two samplers. Sampling efficiencies of these devices were tested in a calm-air chamber with polydisperse, fluorescent microspheres (10–100 μm). Epifluorescent microscopy of settled dust was used to determine reference particle counts and sizes. Both devices are capable of size-selective sampling; however, the second sampler produced higher sampling efficiencies and sharper cut points compared to the simpler elutriator design. Experimental sampling efficiencies for both samplers showed good agreement with computational and analytical solutions. This work suggests that these devices can size-segregate inhalable aerosols in quiescent environments. Copyright © 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
Insights into the strategies used by related group II introns to adapt successfully for the colonisation of a bacterial genome
Creators: name: Toro, Nicolás
name: Martínez-Abarca, Francisco
name: Martínez-Rodríguez, Laura
name: García-Rodríguez, Fernando M
name: Molina-Sánchez, María Dolores
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Group II introns are self-splicing RNAs and site-specific mobile retroelements found in bacterial and organellar genomes. The group II intron RmInt1 is present at high copy number in Sinorhizobium meliloti species, and has a multifunctional intron-encoded protein (IEP) with reverse transcriptase/maturase activities, but lacking the DNA-binding and endonuclease domains. We characterized two RmInt1-related group II introns RmInt2 from S. meliloti strain GR4 and Sr.md.I1 from S. medicae strain WSM419 in terms of splicing and mobility activities. We used both wild-type and engineered intron-donor constructs based on ribozyme ΔORF-coding sequence derivatives, and we determined the DNA target requirements for RmInt2, the element most distantly related to RmInt1. The excision and mobility patterns of intron-donor constructs expressing different combinations of IEP and intron RNA provided experimental evidence for the co-operation of IEPs and intron RNAs from related elements in intron splicing and, in some cases, in intron homing. We were also able to identify the DNA target regions recognized by these IEPs lacking the DNA endonuclease domain. Our results provide new insight into the versatility of related group II introns and the possible co-operation between these elements to facilitate the colonization of bacterial genomes.
Structural analyses of the CRISPR protein Csc2 reveal the RNA-binding interface of the type I-D Cas7 family
Creators: name: Hrle, Ajla
name: Urlaub, Henning
name: Marchfelder, Anita
name: Conti, Elena
name: Lisa-Katharina Maier
name: Sharma, Kundan
name: Ebert, Judith
name: Basquin, Claire
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Upon pathogen invasion, bacteria and archaea activate an RNA-interference-like mechanism termed CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats). A large family of Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins mediates the different stages of this sophisticated immune response. Bioinformatic studies have classified the Cas proteins into families, according to their sequences and respective functions. These range from the insertion of the foreign genetic elements into the host genome to the activation of the interference machinery as well as target degradation upon attack. Cas7 family proteins are central to the type I and type III interference machineries as they constitute the backbone of the large interference complexes. Here we report the crystal structure of Thermofilum pendens Csc2, a Cas7 family protein of type I-D. We found that Csc2 forms a core RRM-like domain, flanked by three peripheral insertion domains: a lid domain, a Zinc-binding domain and a helical domain. Comparison with other Cas7 family proteins reveals a set of similar structural features both in the core and in the peripheral domains, despite the absence of significant sequence similarity. T. pendens Csc2 binds single-stranded RNA in vitro in a sequence-independent manner. Using a crosslinking - mass-spectrometry approach, we mapped the RNA-binding surface to a positively charged surface patch on T. pendens Csc2. Thus our analysis of the key structural and functional features of T. pendens Csc2 highlights recurring themes and evolutionary relationships in type I and type III Cas proteins.
Novel Instrument to Separate Large Inhalable Particles
Creators: name: K. R. Anderson
name: D. Leith
name: M. Ndonga
name: J. Volckens
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physics
subject: Biophysics

description: ABSTRACTLarge, inhalable particles are present in the workplace, yet few instruments exist to count and size such particles in situ. Inhalable aerosol exposure can be evaluated using mass-based samplers such as the IOM or Button sampler, but these devices do not provide information on particle size distributions. Size-resolved samplers such as cascade impactors or the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer are limited to particle sizes <20 μm due to difficulties with particle aspiration and transmission losses. This work describes the development of two samplers capable of measuring the concentration and size distribution of airborne particles from 20 to 100 μm in aerodynamic diameter. One device is based on the principles of an upflow elutriator, whereas the other eliminates the potentially adverse effects of an upward-facing jet to separate particles from a quiescent airstream. Analytical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to predict the performance of the two samplers. Sampling efficiencies of these devices were tested in a calm-air chamber with polydisperse, fluorescent microspheres (10 to 100 μm). Epifluorescent microscopy of settled dust was used to determine reference particle counts and sizes. Both devices are capable of size-selective sampling; however, the second sampler produced higher sampling efficiencies and sharper cutpoints compared to the simpler elutriator design. Experimental sampling efficiencies for both samplers showed good agreement with computational and analytical solutions. This work suggests that these devices can size-segregate inhalable aerosols in quiescent environments.
Injury mechanisms in fatal Australian quad bike incidents
Creators: name: A. S. Mcintosh
name: D. A. Patton
name: G. Rechnitzer
name: R. Grzebieta
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Objectives: The ability to determine risk management controls for quad bike use is confounded by limitations in crash and injury information. The aim of this article is to identify the injury mechanisms, crash characteristics, and contributing factors in fatal quad bike incidents in Australia by activity (recreation and work). Methods: An in-depth case series study was undertaken of 106 Australian quad bike fatalities that had occurred between 2000 and 2013. All case material held by Australian coroners was obtained and reviewed. Results: One hundred and six cases were categorized as occurring during recreation (53) and work (53). Fifty-two of the work cases occurred during farmwork. The mean age for those killed during a work activity was 56 years compared to 27 years for recreational riders. Two children under 16 years died while performing farmwork and 13 children under 16 years during recreational activities. The analyses show a very clear pattern for farmwork-related deaths: quad bike rolls or pitches over (farmworker, 85%; recreational rider, 55%), rider becomes pinned under quad bike (farmworker, 68%; recreational rider, 30%), and death by asphyxia (farmworker, 42%; recreational rider, 11%). In contrast, recreational riders suffered complex impact injuries to the head and chest that occurred when the rider was traveling at speed, lost control, was ejected, and collided with an object in the environment and/or interacted with the moving quad bike. Conclusions: The analyses support the need to improve safe quad bike operation through consideration of the age of the rider, training, helmet use, reducing the propensity of quad bikes to roll, and improving handling so that loss of control events are reduced and to prevent crushing and pinning by the vehicle during and after a rollover crash.
Seat strength in rear body block tests
Creators: name: Viano, David C.
name: White, Samuel D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Science Policy

description: Purpose: This study collected and analyzed available testing of motor vehicle seat strength in rearward loading by a body block simulating the torso of an occupant. The data were grouped by single recliner, dual recliner, and all belts to seat (ABTS) seats. Methods: The strength of seats to rearward loading has been evaluated with body block testing from 1964 to 2008. The database of available tests includes 217 single recliner, 65 dual recliner, and 18 ABTS seats. The trends in seat strength were determined by linear regression and differences between seat types were evaluated by Student's t-test. The average peak moment and force supported by the seat was determined by decade of vehicle model year (MY). Results: Single recliner seats were used in motor vehicles in the 1960s to 1970s. The average strength was 918 ± 224 Nm (n = 26) in the 1960s and 1,069 ± 293 Nm (n = 65) in the 1980s. There has been a gradual increase in strength over time. Dual recliner seats started to phase into vehicles in the late 1980s. By the 2000s, the average strength of single recliner seats increased to 1,501 ± 335 Nm (n = 14) and dual recliner seats to 2,302 ± 699 Nm (n = 26). Dual recliner seats are significantly stronger than single recliner seats for each decade of comparison (P < .001). The average strength of ABTS seats was 4,395 ± 1,185 in-lb for 1989–2004 MY seats (n = 18). ABTS seats are significantly stronger than single or dual recliner seats (P < .001). The trend in ABTS strength is decreasing with time and converging toward that of dual recliner seats. Conclusions: Body block testing is an quantitative means of evaluating the strength of seats for occupant loading in rear impacts. There has been an increase in conventional seat strength over the past 50 years. By the 2000s, most seats are 1,700–3,400 Nm moment strength. However, the safety of a seat is more complex than its strength and depends on many other factors.
Seat Strength in Rear Body Block Tests
Creators: name: Viano, David C
name: White, Samuel D
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Science Policy
Biological Sciences
Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Biophysics

description: ABSTRACTPurposeThis study collected and analyzed available testing of motor vehicle seat strength in rearward loading by a body block simulating the torso of an occupant. The data was grouped by single recliner, dual recliner and ABTS (all belts to seat) seats.MethodsThe strength of seats to rearward loading has been evaluated with body block testing from 1964–2008. The database of available tests includes 217 single recliner, 65 dual recliner and 18 ABTS seats. The trends in seat strength were determined by linear regression and differences between seat types were evaluated by the Student t-test. The average peak moment and force supported by the seat was determined by decade of vehicle model year (MY).ResultsSingle recliner seats were used in motor vehicles in the 1960s–70s. The average strength was 918 ± 224 Nm (n = 26) in 1960s and 1,069 ± 293 Nm (n = 65) in 1980s. There has been a gradual increase in strength over time. Dual recliner seats started to phase-into vehicles in the late 1980s. By 2000s, the average strength of single recliner seats increased to 1,501 ± 335 Nm (n = 14) and dual recliner seats to 2,302 ± 699 Nm (n = 26). Dual recliner seats are significantly stronger than single recliner seats for each decade of comparison (p<0.001). The average strength of ABTS seats was 4,395 ± 1,185 inlb for 1989–2004 MY seats (n = 18). ABTS seats are significantly stronger than single or dual recliner seats (p<0.001). The trend in ABTS strength is decreasing with time and converging toward that of dual recliner seats.ConclusionsBody block testing is an quantitative means of evaluating the strength of seats for occupant loading in rear impacts. There has been an increase in conventional seat strength over the past 50 years. By the 2000s, most seats are 1,700–3,400 Nm moment strength. However, the safety of a seat is more complex than its strength and depends on many other factors.
Lettre de J. Leibowitch à un sénateur
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 fichier (1 page).
Age-dependent and -independent changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during spatial working memory performance
Creators: name: Bollmann, Steffen
name: Ghisleni, Carmen
name: Simon-Shlomo Poil
name: Martin, Ernst
name: Ball, Juliane
name: Eich-Höchli, Dominique
name: Klaver, Peter
name: O'Gorman, Ruth L.
name: Michels, Lars
name: Brandeis, Daniel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with spatial working memory as well as frontostriatal core deficits. However, it is still unclear how the link between these frontostriatal deficits and working memory function in ADHD differs in children and adults. This study examined spatial working memory in adults and children with ADHD, focussing on identifying regions demonstrating age-invariant or age-dependent abnormalities. Methods: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine a group of 26 children and 35 adults to study load manipulated spatial working memory in patients and controls. Results: In comparison to healthy controls, patients demonstrated reduced positive parietal and frontostriatal load effects, i.e., less increase in brain activity from low to high load, despite similar task performance. In addition, younger patients showed negative load effects, i.e., a decrease in brain activity from low to high load, in medial prefrontal regions. Load effect differences between ADHD and controls that differed between age groups were found predominantly in prefrontal regions. Age-invariant load effect differences occurred predominantly in frontostriatal regions. Conclusions: The age-dependent deviations support the role of prefrontal maturation and compensation in ADHD, while the age-invariant alterations observed in frontostriatal regions provide further evidence that these regions reflect a core pathophysiology in ADHD.
Quantitative cancer risk assessment for occupational exposures to asphalt fumes during built-up roofing asphalt (BURA) operations
Creators: name: Rhomberg, Lorenz R.
name: Goodman, Julie E.
name: Nascarella, Marc A.
name: Mayfield, David B.
name: Butler, Eric L.
name: Williams, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine

description: The International Agency for Research on Cancer qualitatively characterized occupational exposure to oxidized bitumen emissions during roofing as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). We examine chemistry, exposure, epidemiology and animal toxicity data to explore quantitative risks for roofing workers applying built-up roofing asphalt (BURA). Epidemiology studies do not consistently report elevated risks, and generally do not have sufficient exposure information or adequately control for confounders, precluding their use for dose–response analysis. Dermal carcinogenicity bioassays using mice report increased tumor incidence with single high doses. In order to quantify potential cancer risks, we develop time-to-tumor model methods [consistent with US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) dose–response analysis and mixtures guidelines] using the dose–time–response shape of concurrent exposures to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as concurrent controls (which had several exposure levels) to infer presumed parallel dose–time–response curves for BURA-fume condensate. We compare EPA relative potency factor approaches, based on observed relative potency of BURA to B[a]P in similar experiments, and direct observation of the inferred BURA dose–time–response (scaled to humans) as means for characterizing a dermal unit risk factor. We apply similar approaches to limited data on asphalt-fume inhalation and respiratory cancers in rats. We also develop a method for adjusting potency estimates for asphalts that vary in composition using measured fluorescence. Overall, the various methods indicate that cancer risks to roofers from both dermal and inhalation exposure to BURA are within a range typically deemed acceptable within regulatory frameworks. The approaches developed may be useful in assessing carcinogenic potency of other complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Applications of GPS-tracked personal and fixed-location PM2.5 continuous exposure monitoring
Creators: name: Sloan, Chantel D.
name: Johnston, James D.
name: Philipp, Tyler J.
name: Bradshaw, Rebecca K.
name: Chronister, Sara
name: W. Bradford Barber
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology

description: Continued development of personal air pollution monitors is rapidly improving government and research capabilities for data collection. In this study, we tested the feasibility of using GPS-enabled personal exposure monitors to collect personal exposure readings and short-term daily PM2.5 measures at 15 fixed locations throughout a community. The goals were to determine the accuracy of fixed-location monitoring for approximating individual exposures compared to a centralized outdoor air pollution monitor, and to test the utility of two different personal monitors, the RTI MicroPEM V3.2 and TSI SidePak AM510. For personal samples, 24 hr mean PM2.5 concentrations were 6.93 μg/m3 (stderr = 0.15) and 8.47 μg/m3 (stderr = 0.10) for the MicroPEM and SidePak, respectively. Based on time-activity patterns from participant journals, exposures were highest while participants were outdoors (MicroPEM= 7.61 µg/m3, stderr = 1.08, SidePak = 11.85 µg/m3, stderr = 0.83) or in restaurants (MicroPEM= 7.48 µg/m3, stderr = 0.39, SidePak = 24.93 µg/m3, stderr = 0.82), and lowest when participants were exercising indoors (MicroPEM= 4.78 µg/m3, stderr = 0.23, SidePak = 5.63 µg/m3, stderr = 0.08). Mean PM2.5 at the 15 fixed locations, as measured by the SidePak, ranged from 4.71 µg/m3 (stderr = 0.23) to 12.38 µg/m3 (stderr = 0.45). By comparison, mean 24 hr PM2.5 measured at the centralized outdoor monitor ranged from 2.7 – 6.7 µg/m3 during the study period. The range of average PM2.5 exposure levels estimated for each participant using the interpolated fixed-location data was 2.83 to 19.26 µg/m3 (mean = 8.3, stderr = 1.4). These estimated levels were compared with average exposure from personal samples. The fixed-location monitoring strategy was useful in identifying high air pollution microclimates throughout the county. For seven of ten subjects, the fixed-location monitoring strategy more closely approximated individuals’ 24 hr breathing zone exposures than did the centralized outdoor monitor.
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Creators: name: Lebrija, Elio Antonio De (Nebrija)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: Bibliothèque patrimoniale Villon (Rouen), fonds Liber, Mt p 18501
Projected Ozone Trends and Changes in the Ozone-Precursor Relationship in the South Coast Air Basin in Response to Varying Reductions of Precursor Emissions
Creators: name: Fujita, Eric M.
name: Campbell, David E.
name: Stockwell, William R.
name: Saunders, Emily
name: Fitzgerald, Rosa
name: Perea, Roberto
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences

description: ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of varying future reductions in emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) on the location and magnitude of peak ozone levels within California’s South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). As ozone formation is currently VOC-limited in the Basin, model simulations with 2030 baseline emissions (-61% for NOx and -32% for VOC from 2008) predict 10-20 percent higher peak ozone levels (i.e., NOx disbenefit) in the western and central SoCAB compared to the 2008 base simulation. With additional NOx reductions of 50% beyond the 2030 baseline emissions (-81% from 2008), the predicted ozone levels are reduced by about 15% in the eastern SoCAB, but remain comparable to 2008 levels in the western and central Basin. The Basin maximum ozone site shifts westward to more populated areas of the Basin and will result potentially in greater population-weighted exposure to ozone with even a relatively small shortfall in the required NOx reductions unless accompanied by additional VOC reductions beyond 2030 baseline levels. Once committed to a NOx-focused control strategy, NOx reductions exceeding 90% from 2008 levels will be necessary to attain the ozone NAAQS. The findings from this study and other recent work that the current VOC emission estimates are underestimated by about 50% suggest that greater future VOC reductions will be necessary to reach the projected 2030 baseline emissions. Increasing the base year VOC emissions by a factor of 1.5 result in higher 2008 baseline ozone predictions, lower relative response factors and about 20% lower projected design values. If correct, these findings have important implications for the total and optimum mix of VOC and NOx emission reductions that will be required to attain the ozone NAAQS in the SoCAB. IMPLICATIONSResults of this study indicate that ozone levels in the western and central SoCAB would remain the same or increase with even a relatively small shortfall in the projected NOx reductions under planned NOx-focused controls. This possibility, therefore, warrants a rigorous analysis of the costs and effects of varying reductions of VOC and NOx on the formation and combined health impacts of ozone and secondary particles. Given the nonlinearity of ozone formation, such analyses should include the implications of gradually increasing global background ozone concentrations and the Basin’s topography and meteorology on the practical limits of alternative emission control strategies.
An association of AKT1 gene polymorphism with antidepressant treatment response
Creators: name: Innokentiy S. Losenkov
name: Vyalova, Natalya M.
name: Simutkin, German G.
name: Bokhan, Nikolay A.
name: Ivanova, Svetlana A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology

description: Objectives. Nowadays it is considered that protein kinase Akt1 could be involved in pathogenesis of affective disorders. We have examined whether AKT1 gene polymorphisms are associated with antidepressant treatment response. Methods. The study included 106 Caucasian patients with depressive disorders from Siberia and 103 healthy control donors. The frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1130214 and rs3730358 of AKT1 gene were examined. Results. A comparison of genotypic or allelic frequencies between the groups of healthy donors and depressive patients showed no statistically significant difference. No association between the polymorphisms under study and the scores according to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17 was found. However, an association between treatment response assessed by the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale and rs1130214 polymorphism was observed. Conclusions. AKT1 gene polymorphism rs1130214 is associated with antidepressant treatment response in patients with depressive disorders.
Coarse-grained modelling of urea-adamantyl functionalised poly(propylene imine) dendrimers
Creators: name: A.F. Smeijers
name: A.J. Markvoort
name: K. Pieterse
name: P.A.J. Hilbers
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: To investigate the behaviour of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers – and urea–adamantyl functionalised ones – in solution using molecular dynamics simulations, we developed a coarse-grained model to tackle the relatively large system sizes and time scales needed. Harmonic bond and angle potentials were derived from atomistic simulations using an iterative Boltzmann inversion scheme, modified to incorporate Gaussian fits of the bond and angle distributions. With the coarse-grained model and accompanying force field simulations of generations 1–7 of both dendrimer types in water were performed. They compare favourably with atomistic simulations and experimental results on the basis of size, shape, monomer density, spacer back-folding and atomic form factor measurements. These results show that the structural dynamics of these dendrimers originate from flexible chains constrained by configurational and spatial requirements. Large dendrimers are more rigid and spherical, while small ones are flexible, alternatively rod-like and globular.
STROBE Checklist for "A Mixed Method study to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and determinants of physical activity and Gadgets use amongst school-going children (standard 1st to 10th) from an urban area located in central India
Creators: name: umekar, sayali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420601
subject: Community child health
classificationCode: 420605
subject: Preventative health care
classificationCode: 420603
subject: Health promotion

description: STROBE Checklist for "A Mixed Method study to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and determinants of physical activity and Gadgets use amongst school-going children (standard 1st to 10th) from an urban area located in central India
Shah_Richardson_Watt_Rice_revised_16_9_2021_preprint.pdf
Creators: name: Shah, Chandravadan
name: Watt, Helen M. G.
name: RICE, SUZANNE
name: Richardson, Paul W.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Education

description: ‘Out-of-field’ refers to teachers teaching subjects for which they do not hold a subject-specific qualification. Theory and empirical evidence suggest it can adversely affect teachers’ work and students’ learning. Teacher shortages and as-pects of school organisational practice have been explanations linked to out-of-field teaching. We draw on Australian PISA 2015 data to examine the extent to which these, together with teacher characteristics and other school context factors, influ-ence the assignment of teachers to out-of-field mathematics teaching. While the re-sults show that schools’ experiences of teacher shortages were unrelated to out-of-field mathematics teaching assignment, greater school autonomy, which captures aspects of school organisational practice, reduced the likelihood of out-of-field as-signment. The results show other school context variables implicated in the rela-tionship between school autonomy and out-of-field teaching are school sector and students’ parents’ educational level. Particular teacher characteristics also associ-ated with their risk of assignment to teach mathematics out-of-field. Implications for policy are advanced.