cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Innovation, Intellectual Property, and Development: A Better Set of Approaches for the 21st Century
Creators: name: Baker, Dean
name: Jayadev, Arjun
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Economics
Economic development
Intellectual property
Public welfare
Technological innovations

description: This paper aims to provide an intellectual basis to think about the relationship between development, intellectual property and innovation; where we currently are and what alternatives are available. For the most part, we are concerned less with the implications of current IP laws for the advanced countries as we are with their impact on developing countries. We focus here not only on the current pathologies of the system and on potential alternative ways to tackle its most egregious excesses; but on a more positive note, on what kind of “system” would best promote development and well-being in the developing world. We are looking for a world with new and better rules for intellectual property. Just as some have begun to think about re-writing the rules of the American economy to ensure a more just and efficient system, the time is ripe for doing the same for the global economy, especially with regard to the IP system. This paper begins by outlining the basic logic for the implementation of intellectual property rights and detail alternatives to providing private monopolies to promote innovation. We then turn to the question of intellectual property rights and the process of development. Both theory and the preponderance of historical evidence suggest that development, at least in its initial stages, is best promoted by a weaker intellectual property regime than reflected in TRIPS, or at the minimum a markedly different regime. In particular, we show that the current global regime of intellectual property rights is inadequate in serving the purpose of economic development and welfare. We then examine an extensive set of case studies in which the current regime has proved to be ineffective and a hindrance to welfare. These are in the areas of food security, education and climate change. We go on to provide a simple laundry list of ways in which better laws could facilitate development and prevent the worst excesses of the global IP regime.
Radiative E1 decays of X(3872)
Creators: name: Wang, Tian-Hong
name: Wang, Guo-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative E1 decay widths of $\rm X(3872)$ are calculated through the relativistic Salpeter method, with the assumption that $\rm X(3872)$ is the $χ_{c1}$(2P) state, which is the radial excited state of $χ_{c1}$(1P). We firstly calculated the E1 decay width of $χ_{c1}$(1P), the result is in agreement with experimental data excellently, then we calculated the case of $\rm X(3872)$ with the assignment that it is $χ_{c1}$(2P). Results are: $Γ({\rm X(3872)}\rightarrow γ\sl J/ψ)=33.0$ keV, $Γ({\rm X(3872)}\rightarrow γψ(2S))=146$ keV and $Γ({\rm X(3872)}\rightarrow γψ(3770))=7.09$ keV. The ratio ${{\rm Br(X(3872)}\rightarrowγψ(2{\rm S}))}/{{\rm Br(X(3872)}\rightarrow γ{\sl J}/ψ)}=4.4$ agrees with experimental data by BaBar, but larger than the new up-bound reported by Belle recently. With the same method, we also predict the decay widths: $Γ(χ_{b1}(1\rm P))\rightarrow γΥ(1\rm S))=30.0$ keV, $Γ(χ_{b1}(2\rm P))\rightarrow γΥ(1\rm S))=5.65$ keV and $Γ(χ_{b1}(2\rm P))\rightarrow γΥ(2S))=15.8$ keV, and the full widths: $Γ(χ_{b1}(1\rm P))\sim 85.7$ keV, $Γ(χ_{b1}(2\rm P))\sim 66.5$ keV.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, version to be published in Phys. Lett. B
Phytoseius pernambucanus Moraes & McMurtry 1983
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Phytoseius
Phytoseius pernambucanus

description: Phytoseius pernambucanus Moraes & McMurtry, 1983
 Phytoseius pernambucanus Moraes & McMurtry, 1983: 144. Phytoseius pernambucanus.––Moraes et al., 2004: 250; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 129. Record in Bahia: Fiaboe et al., 2007: 7.
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
Extreme TeV blazars and the intergalactic magnetic field
Creators: name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Bonnoli, G.
name: Foschini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the four BL Lac objects (RGB J0152+017, 1ES 0229+200, 1ES 0347-121 and PKS 0548-322) detected in the TeV band but not present in the 1FGL catalogue of the Fermi/Large Area Telescope. We analize the 24 months of LAT data deriving gamma-ray fluxes or upper limits that we use to assemble their spectral energy distributions (SED). We model the SEDs with a standard one-zone leptonic model, also including the contribution of the reprocessed radiation in the multi GeV band, emitted by the pairs produced through the conversion of the primary TeV emission by interaction with the cosmic optical-IR background. For simplicity, in the calculation of this component we adopt an analytical approach including some simplifying assumptions, in particular i) the blazar high energy emission is considered on average stable over times of the order of 10^7 years and ii) the observer is exactly on-axis. We compare the physical parameters derived by the emission model with those of other high-energy emitting BL Lacs, confirming that TeV BL Lacs with a rather small GeV flux are characterized by extremely low values of the magnetic field and large values of the electron energies. The comparison between the flux in the GeV band and that expected from the reprocessed TeV emission allows us to confirm and strengthen the lower limit of B >10^{-15} G for the intergalactic magnetic field using a theoretically motivated spectrum for the primary high-energy photons.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in M.N.R.A.S
Rethinking Globalization in the Trump Era: US-China Relations
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Economics
Globalization
International economic relations
Economics--Political aspects

description: The global economic and political order that was created in the aftermath of World War II –an order that has been of enormous benefit to the entire world-- is under attack by President Trump. That order has provided conditions for the enormous growth of emerging markets and the moving out of poverty of hundreds of millions of people. That order is supported now by an effective set of institutions that, even if they could not have been created without US engagement, institutions have taken on a life of their own. We have created a system of global governance without global government. These institutions can help the world maintain an open yet regulated trading and financial system, even if the US withdraws into its shell, or decides to take actions which violate its obligations. The global geo-economic and geo-political order of the 21st century would, in any case, have to be different from that created in the aftermath of the Second World War. Trump’s actions have only hastened the change, increasing the urgency for such change. That new order will be a much more multi-polar world. This short note has described some of the ways that China might respond in ways which support the creation of this new 21st century globalization—a globalization which will continue to support the growth of countries and the improvements in the standards of living of citizens all over the world.
Dirac equation for membranes
Creators: name: Trzetrzelewski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dirac's idea of taking the square root of constraints is applied to the case of extended objects concentrating on membranes in D=4 space-time dimensions. The resulting equation is Lorentz invariant and predicts an infinite hierarchy of positive and negative masses (tension). There are no tachyonic solutions.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, v2: improved version, accepted for publication as a Brief Report in Physical Review D
Relaunch der Zeitschrift TATuP im 25. Jahr ihres Bestehens. Erste Erfahrungen mit OJS 3.0 - Anforderungen an Artikeldesign und Nutzungsfunktionalitäten
Creators: name: Riehm, Ulrich
name: Sehy, Ulrike
name: Wantzen, Tobias
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2017
Subjects: Zeitschrift
Open Access
Open Journal System

description: Der Vortrag behandelt den Relaunch der Zeitschrift TATuP - Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis, die ab 2017 als begutachtete Open Access Zeitschrift im oekom Verlag erscheint. Im Zuge dieses Relaunch wird das Open Journal System (OJS) für die redaktionellen Abläufe und für die Veröffentlichung der Artikel eingesetzt. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der Version 3.0 sowie Anforderungen an das Artikeldesign werden erläutert.
Instantons, Quivers and Noncommutative Donaldson-Thomas Theory
Creators: name: Cirafici, Michele
name: Sinkovics, Annamaria
name: Szabo, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct noncommutative Donaldson-Thomas invariants associated with abelian orbifold singularities by analysing the instanton contributions to a six-dimensional topological gauge theory. The noncommutative deformation of this gauge theory localizes on noncommutative instantons which can be classified in terms of three-dimensional Young diagrams with a colouring of boxes according to the orbifold group. We construct a moduli space for these gauge field configurations which allows us to compute its virtual numbers via the counting of representations of a quiver with relations. The quiver encodes the instanton dynamics of the noncommutative gauge theory, and is associated to the geometry of the singularity via the generalized McKay correspondence. The index of BPS states which compute the noncommutative Donaldson-Thomas invariants is realized via topological quantum mechanics based on the quiver data. We illustrate these constructions with several explicit examples, involving also higher rank Coulomb branch invariants and geometries with compact divisors, and connect our approach with other ones in the literature.
description: 95 pages, 5 figures; v2: clarifying comments added, discussions using tilting strengthened, references added and updated; v3: minor corrections, final version to be published in Nuclear Physics B
The Coming Great Transformation
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Economics
Globalization
Artificial intelligence
Technological innovations
Welfare economics

description: Over the past 300 years, the world has managed several great transformations, to borrow the title of Karl Polanyi's famous book. The society and economy of the United States and other advanced countries, for instance, have moved from being agrarian to manufacturing-based and from being rural to urban. Obtaining the necessities of survival, which used to consume all of a family’s efforts, now takes but a few hours a week. Many advanced countries have transformed from authoritarian regimes to democratic pluralistic societies. Seemingly similar societies have managed these transformations differently, and almost surely, different societies will respond to the challenges posed by this next transformation, which may truly be called “the Great Transformation,” differently. How countries respond will, however, have profound consequences for the nature of society in the twenty-first century. It will affect not only disparities in well-being (the degree of inequality) but also the magnitude of social tensions—and even the pace of innovation going forward. Economists do not have a crystal ball, so they cannot tell whether the pace of innovation will decrease (as some have suggested) or not. They cannot tell how fast and to what extent robots and artificial intelligence will replace humans. They cannot even provide clear links between the ways in which society responds to robotization and the future pace of innovation. But economic research in recent years has provided a framework for assessing alternative possibilities and policies—a rough guide to their likely consequences. We are not totally rudderless. Indeed, I will argue that the worst nightmares—a world run by and for robots in which humans become the servants of the machines—are science fiction. We have it in our means to make sure that such a world does not emerge.
Traditional health-related practices of Russian-speaking immigrants residing in the United States
Creators: name: Amburg, Polina
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2019

description: The population of Russian-speaking immigrants is growing in the United States. Like many other immigrants, Russian-speakers (born in the former USSR) present with a number of health concerns. Many of the health conditions pertinent to this population are highly manageable and/or preventable. Empirical literature indicates low engagement in health-promotion, health maintenance, and screening behaviors in this group of immigrants. There is also an indication of a gap in research addressing culturally-based beliefs and behaviors of  Russian-speakers in the US. To address a gap in empirical literature, a qualitative ethnographic study was conducted on the East coast of the United States. Twenty participants ages 36 to 83 years were interviewed along with participant observation at community events and analysis of documents (visual and print media). Data analysis revealed perceptions of health and illness to be influenced by perception of healthcare, and these findings subsequently guide health-related practices of Russian-speaking immigrants. The study also identified transnational socio-cultural connections to influence beliefs and practices of the immigrants who came to the United States after the USSR dissolution.Further research is recommended to examine the factor of transnational socio-cultural connections in greater details, and to explore diverse groups of Russian-speaking immigrants residing in various areas of the US.
Chiral Spin Textures of Strongly Interacting Particles in Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Stevenson, Catherine J.
name: Kyriakidis, Jordan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We probe for statistical and Coulomb induced spin textures among the low-lying states of repulsively-interacting particles confined to potentials that are both rotationally and time-reversal invariant. In particular, we focus on two-dimensional quantum dots and employ configuration-interaction techniques to directly compute the correlated many-body eigenstates of the system. We produce spatial maps of the single-particle charge and spin density and verify the annular structure of the charge density and the rotational invariance of the spin field. We further compute two-point spin correlations to determine the correlated structure of a single component of the spin vector field. In addition, we compute three-point spin correlation functions to uncover chiral structures. We present evidence for both chiral and quasi-topological spin textures within energetically degenerate subspaces in the three- and four-particle system.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures, 1 table
On Rationality of Verbal Subsets In a Group
Creators: name: Myasnikov, A.
name: Roman'kov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $F$ be a free non-abelian group. We show that for any group word $w$ the set $w[F]$ of all values of $w$ in $F$ is rational in $F$ if and only if $w[F] = 1$ or $w[F] = F.$ We generalize this to a wide class of free products of groups.
description: 14 pages
Measurement contextuality is implied by macroscopic realism
Creators: name: Chen, Zeqian
name: Montina, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ontological theories of quantum mechanics provide a realistic description of single systems by means of well-defined quantities conditioning the measurement outcomes. In order to be complete, they should also fulfil the minimal condition of macroscopic realism. Under the assumption of outcome determinism and for Hilbert space dimension greater than two, they were all proved to be contextual for projective measurements. In the recent years a generalized concept of non-contextuality was introduced that applies also to the case of outcome indeterminism and unsharp measurements. It was pointed out that the Beltrametti-Bugajski model is an example of measurement non-contextual indeterminist theory. Here we provide a simple proof that this model is the only one with such a feature for projective measurements and Hilbert space dimension greater than two. As a corollary, von Neumann measurement non-contextuality implies non-contextuality for unsharp measurements. By noting that the Beltrametti-Bugajski model does not satisfy the condition of macroscopic realism, we arrive at the conclusion that the only way to solve the measurement problem in the framework of an ontological theory is relaxing the hypothesis of non-contextuality in its generalized sense.
Ethics, Economic Advice, and Economic Policy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Economic policy
Economic development
Ethics
Financial institutions, International

description: This chapter asks, What does it mean to be an ethical economic advisor? Answering this question entails an examination of widely held ethical precepts that ought to guide the conduct of international economic relations and, by extension, the conduct of development and other economists who operate in this environment. The chapter teases out the obligations for economists that derive from the basic ethical concepts of honesty, fairness, social justice, the avoidance of negative externalities, and responsibility. It finds that in the international arena, national policymakers in wealthy countries and economic advisors at the leading international financial institutions performed poorly during the 1990s and early 2000s when judged against these ethical standards. This finding is sustained by an examination of specific issues that have been at the heart of development policy over the past several decades: international trade, global environmental policies, debt forgiveness, growth strategies, crisis management, and finally, population policy.
The like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry in SUSY models
Creators: name: Parry, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the new physics (NP) implications of the recently reported 3.2 sigma Standard Model (SM) deviation in the like-sign dimuon asymmetry at the Tevatron. Assuming that new physics only enters the B(s) mixing amplitude we explore the implications for generic new physics, general supersymmetric (SUSY) models and also SUSY SU(5). In the case of SUSY SU(5) we exploit the GUT scale relationship between slepton and squark soft masses to predict rates for lepton flavour violation (LFV). The predicted rates for tau --> mu + gamma are found to be detectable at future Super-B factories.
description: 4 pages, 4 eps figures, version accepted for publication
How to Restore Equitable and Sustainable Economic Growth in the United States
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Income distribution
Economic development
Sustainable development--Economic aspects

description: Today's weakness in the US economy results from lack of aggregate demand, due to high and growing inequality, underinvestment in public infrastructure and technology that is complementary to private capital, continuing mild austerity, difficulties encountered in making the structural transformation from manufacturing to a service-based economy, and a financial sector failing to provide adequate funds to SMEs. An agenda to restore growth includes a carbon price, inducing climate investments; increased public investments in infrastructure and technology; fighting inequality through redistribution and rewriting the rules structuring the economy; and reforming the financial sector and the global reserve system.
On Lorentz-Violating Supersymmetric Quantum Field Theories
Creators: name: Redigolo, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of constructing Lorentz-violating supersymmetric quantum field theories under the assumption that these theories have to be described by lagrangians which are renormalizable by weighted power counting. Our investigation starts from the observation that at high energies Lorentz-violation and the usual supersymmetry algebra are algebraically compatible. Demanding linearity of the supercharges we see that the requirement of renormalizability drastically restricts the set of possible Lorentz-violating supersymmetric theories. In particular, in the case of supersymmetric gauge theories the weighted power counting has to coincide with the usual one and the only Lorentz-violating operators are introduced by some weighted constant c that explicitly appears in the supersymmetry algebra. This parameter does not renormalize and has to be very close to the speed of light at low energies in order to satisfy the strict experimental bounds on Lorentz violation. The only possible models with non trivial Lorentz-violating operators involve neutral chiral superfields and do not have a gauge invariant extension. We conclude that, under the assumption that high-energy physics can be described by a renormalizable Lorentz-violating extensions of the Standard Model, the Lorentz fine tuning problem does not seem solvable by the requirement of supersymmetry.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures
Characterization of the gravitational wave emission of three black holes
Creators: name: Galaviz, Pablo
name: Bruegmann, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gravitational wave emission of three compact objects using post-Newtonian (PN) equations of motion derived from the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner Hamiltonian formulation, where we include (for the first time in this context) terms up to 2.5 PN order. We perform numerical simulations of a hierarchical configuration of three compact bodies in which a binary system is perturbed by a third, lighter body initially far away from the binary. The relative importance of the different PN orders is examined. We compute the waveform in the linear regime considering mass quadrupole, current quadrupole and mass octupole contributions. Performing a spherical harmonic decomposition of the waveforms we find that from the l = 3 modes it is possible to extract information about the third body, in particular, the period, eccentricity of its orbit, and the inclination angle between the inner and outer binary orbits.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures and 5 tables. Published version
Income Contingent Loans: Some General Theoretical Considerations, with Applications
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Income-contingent loans
Student loans
Microeconomics

description: Income-contingent loan programs run by governments represent an important social innovation, an improvement over previous mechanisms for funding investment such as education and now showing its merits in a host of other arenas. This paper, and the other papers presented in this session, lay out the theory of income-contingent loans and describe experiences with this type of program in education and other areas.
Phytoseius woodburyi De Leon 1965
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Phytoseius
Phytoseius woodburyi

description: Phytoseius woodburyi De Leon, 1965
 Phytoseius (Phytoseius) woodburyi De Leon, 1965a: 130.
 Phytoseius woodburyi.––Moraes et al., 2004: 246; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 131. Record in Bahia: Phytoseius woodburyi.–– Souza et al., 2015: 104.
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
Thermodynamics of deformed AdS$_5$ model with a positive/negative quadratic correction in graviton-dilaton system
Creators: name: Li, Danning
name: He, Song
name: Huang, Mei
name: Yan, Qi-Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By solving the Einstein equations of the graviton coupling with a real scalar dilaton field, we establish a general framework to self-consistently solve the geometric background with black-hole for any given phenomenological holographic models. In this framwork, we solve the black-hole background, the corresponding dilaon field and the dilaton potential for the deformed AdS$_5$ model with a positive/negative quadratic correction. We systematically investigate the thermodynamical properties of the deformed AdS$_5$ model with a positive and negative quadratic correction, respectively, and compare with lattice QCD on the results of the equation of state, the heavy quark potential, the Polyakov loop and the spatial Wilson loop. We find that the bulk thermodynamical properties are not sensitive to the sign of the quadratic correction, and the results of both deformed holographic QCD models agree well with lattice QCD result for pure SU(3) gauge theory. However, the results from loop operators favor a positive quadratic correction, which agree well with lattice QCD result. Especially, the result from the Polyakov loop excludes the model with a negative quadratic correction in the warp factor of ${\rm AdS}_5$.
description: 26 figures,36 pages,V.3: an appendix,more equations and references added,figures corrected,published version
Introduction
Creators: name: Guzman, Martin
name: Ocampo, Jose A.
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Debts, Public
Debt relief

description: This is an introduction to "Too Little, Too Late: The Quest to Resolve Sovereign Debt Crisis". Sovereign debt crises are becoming, once again, frequent. In some cases, the costs to the citizens of those countries facing such crises have been enormous. Deficiencies in the mechanisms for resolving such crises cast a pallor over countries that are not yet in a crisis but worry that they might become so; and indeed, the high costs and uncertainties associated with debt restructuring dampen cross-border capital flows and force especially developing countries and emerging markets to pay higher interest rates than might be the case if there were better ways of resolving these debt problems.There have been several important academic studies addressing various aspects of frameworks for sovereign debt restructuring and the advantages and disadvantages of these mechanisms relative to the private contractual approach. In light of the recent events and progress in our understanding of the issues, these studies need to be updated. This book fills in this gap by providing a collection of essays from top academic economists, lawyers, and practitioners in the field, providing guidance on the most critical questions. (Many of these ideas were presented as part of an ongoing series of conferences held at Columbia University on frameworks for sovereign debt restructuring.)
The Higgs sector of the minimal B-L model at future Linear Colliders
Creators: name: Basso, Lorenzo
name: Moretti, Stefano
name: Pruna, Giovanni Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phenomenology of the Higgs sector of the minimal $B-L$ extension of the Standard Model at a future $e^+e^-$ Linear Collider. We consider the discovery potential of both a sub-TeV and a multi-TeV machine. We show that, within such a theoretical scenario, several novel production and decay channels involving the two physical Higgs states, precluded at the LHC, could experimentally be accessed at such machines. Amongst these, several Higgs signatures have very distinctive features with respect to those of other models with enlarged Higgs sector, as they involve interactions of Higgs bosons between themselves, with $Z'$ bosons as well as with heavy neutrinos. In particular, we present the scope of the $Z'$ strahlung process for single and double Higgs production, the only suitable mechanism enable one to access an almost decoupled heavy scalar state (therefore outside the LHC range).
description: Moderate revision to match published version in EPJC: cut model description and shortened details of SM channels evaluation. 31 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables; figures at the end
Measuring Income Inequality: Comments on "Do Nations Just Get the Inequality they Deserve? The 'Palma Ratio' Re-examined" by Jose Gabriel Palma
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Income distribution
Income distribution--Measurement

description: Jose Gabriel Palma has identified an important empirical regularity that has not been recognized in the past: the share of the middle is relatively constant across countries. He doesn't really provide an explanation of this regularity, but even without such an explanation, it should be clear that it's an important empirical observation with implications for both empirical work and policy. It says that the Gini coefficient may not best capture what is really going on when making comparisons of distributions across countries or over time. In the case of any measure, the focus ought to be on where there is variability and if this regularity is really true in the way that he has described it, then it means that variability can be found in the share at the top and the share at the very bottom. The middle, he demonstrates, just takes the same fraction of the pie. Differences across countries are, thus, to be found in the ratio of the share at the top to that at the bottom.
Overcoming the Shadow Economy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Pieth, Mark
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Informal sector (Economics)
Tax havens
International cooperation
International economic relations

description: There is a growing global consensus that the secrecy-havens—jurisdictions which undermine global standards for corporate and financial transparency—pose a global problem: they facilitate both money laundering and tax avoidance and evasion, contributing to crime and unacceptably high levels of global wealth inequality. Over the years, the global problems posed by secrecy and lack of transparency have increased, and, not surprisingly, this growth has been accompanied by growth in attempts to curb it and the resulting abuses of the global corporate and financial system. This Report attempts to address aspects of secrecy and provide recommendations for overcoming the shadow economy and ultimately, closing it down. Section II explores the global phenomenon of secrecy-havens, the structures through which illicit funds escape detection, and the risks involved in that opacity. Section III describes the ongoing international efforts and emerging standards to reign in the shadow economy. In Section IV, we offer recommendations for all countries for closing the global channels of secrecy, and Section V concludes with a perspective on why such measures are necessary for the survival of globalization.
Uniformization of Sierpiński carpets in the plane
Creators: name: Bonk, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30A24

description: Let $S_i$, $i\in I$, be a countable collection of Jordan curves in the extended complex plane $\Sph$ that bound pairwise disjoint closed Jordan regions. If the Jordan curves are uniform quasicircles and are uniformly relatively separated, then there exists a quasiconformal map $f\: \Sph\ra \Sph$ such that $f(S_i)$ is a round circle for all $i\in I$. This implies that every Sierpiński carpet in $\oC$ whose peripheral circles are uniformly relatively separated uniform quasicircles can be mapped to a round Sierpiński carpet by a quasisymmetric map.
description: Revised version. 89 pages. To appear in Invent. math
New Theoretical Perspectives on the Distribution of Income and Wealth Among Individuals
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Income distribution
Economic development
Wealth

description: A central question of economics has been: how do we explain the distribution of income among factors of production, and the distribution of income and wealth among individuals. Some fifty years ago, theorists tried to develop explanations for what were then viewed to be the stylized facts of growth and distribution, articulated, for instance, by Nicholas Kaldor. Among the central facts was the constancy of the capital-output ratio and the relative shares. Today, there seems to be a new set of stylized facts that have to be explained, many of them markedly different from those that were the center of attention a half-century ago.
Experience of Ethnicity in Therapy from the Perspective of Clients Self-Identifying as South-Asian: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Creators: name: Kanji, Zara
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2021
Subjects: South-Asian clients
ethnicity
cross-cultural therapy

description: As British society becomes increasingly multicultural, coupled with the majority of therapists identifying as Caucasian; South-Asian clients are increasingly receiving therapy from an ethnically dissimilar therapist. Within the literature on cross-cultural therapy, often individuals identified as Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) are treated as one homogenous group. Consequently, there is a paucity of literature focusing specifically on people of South-Asian heritage and their experience of ethnicity in cross-cultural therapy. The current study aims to address that gap in the literature by exploring the experience of clients self-identifying as South-Asian who are in therapy with a therapist of a different ethnicity. Eight clients who self-identified as South-Asian participated in semi-structured interviews and their accounts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Four superordinate themes were identified: 1) South-Asian ethnicity and addressing stigma in cross-cultural therapy, 2) Ethnically dissimilar therapist allows for greater openness and freedom of expression, 3) Internalised racism; South-Asian therapists are ‘tainted by their culture’ and 4) Therapists skills and qualities are more important than their ethnicity. While some participants also spoke about previous courses of therapy with a South-Asian therapist, the majority focused on therapy with either a White or Black therapist. Links were found between participants’ identification and acceptance of their own ethnicity, which seemed to be connected to their assumptions of difference in the therapy room. In addition, the role of stigma and discrimination and the impact of this on therapist choice, engagement and interaction in therapy were salient themes throughout. The therapist’s competency and ability to remain open and curious about difference was seen as a key factor irrespective of their ethnicity.
Persistent Oscillations of X-ray Speckles: Pt (001) Step Flow
Creators: name: Pierce, M. S.
name: Hennessy, D.
name: Chang, K. C.
name: Komanicky, V.
name: Strzalka, J.
name: Sandy, A.
name: Barbour, A.
name: You, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed coherent x-ray scattering experiments on the hexagonally reconstructed Pt (001) surface to study the temperature-dependent surface dynamics. By correlating speckle patterns collected at the (001) anti-Bragg position we are able to measure surface dynamics when the averaged incoherent x-ray scattering appears static. In the temperature range above the rotational epitaxy transition and below the roughening transition (1750 K - 1830 K), we have observed well-defined oscillatory autocorrelations of speckles that persist for tens of minutes, in addition to the expected thermal decorrelation. The observed oscillations indicate surface dynamics due to "step-flow" motion. This is shown with a simple model in which the phase of the scattered x-rays from the steps within the illumination area is retained in the coherent x-ray scattering. This demonstrates a possibility that x-ray speckles can be used to monitor the real-space real-time evolution of surfaces in addition to the traditional decorrelation measurements.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Magnetic helicity fluxes in alpha Omega dynamos
Creators: name: Candelaresi, Simon
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In turbulent dynamos the production of large-scale magnetic fields is accompanied by a separation of magnetic helicity in scale. The large- and small-scale parts increase in magnitude. The small-scale part can eventually work against the dynamo and quench it, especially at high magnetic Reynolds numbers. A one-dimensional mean-field model of a dynamo is presented where diffusive magnetic helicity fluxes within the domain are important. It turns out that this effect helps to alleviate the quenching. Here we show that internal magnetic helicity fluxes, even within one hemisphere, can be important for alleviating catastrophic quenching.
description: 3 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of IAU Symp. 274, Advances in Plasma Astrophysics, ed. A. Bonanno, E. de Gouveia dal Pino and A. Kosovichev
Strong coupling limits and quantum isomorphisms of the gauged Thirring model
Creators: name: Bufalo, Rodrigo
name: Casana, Rodolfo
name: Pimentel, Bruto Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the quantum equivalence in the respective strong coupling limits of the bidimensional gauged Thirring model with both Schwinger and Thirring models. It is achieved following a nonperturbative quantization of the gauged Thirring model into the path-integral approach. First, we have established the constraint structure via the Dirac's formalism for constrained systems and defined the correct vacuum--vacuum transition amplitude by using the Faddeev-Senjanovic method. Next, we have computed exactly the relevant Green's functions and shown the Ward-Takahashi identities. Afterwards, we have established the quantum isomorphisms between gauged Thirring model and both Schwinger and Thirring models by analyzing the respective Green's functions in the strong coupling limits, respectively. A special attention is necessary to establish the quantum isomorphism between the gauged Thirring model and the Thirring model.
description: 14 pages
Conservative, gravitational self-force for a particle in circular orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole in a Radiation Gauge
Creators: name: Shah, Abhay
name: Keidl, Tobias
name: Friedman, John
name: Kim, Dong-Hoon
name: Price, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the second of two companion papers on computing the self-force in a radiation gauge; more precisely, the method uses a radiation gauge for the radiative part of the metric perturbation, together with an arbitrarily chosen gauge for the parts of the perturbation associated with changes in black-hole mass and spin and with a shift in the center of mass. We compute the conservative part of the self-force for a particle in circular orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole. The gauge vector relating our radiation gauge to a Lorenz gauge is helically symmetric, implying that the quantity h_{αβ} u^αu^β(= h_{uu}) must have the same value for our radiation gauge as for a Lorenz gauge; and we confirm this numerically to one part in 10^{13}. As outlined in the first paper, the perturbed metric is constructed from a Hertz potential that is in term obtained algebraically from the the retarded perturbed spin-2 Weyl scalar, ψ_0 . We use a mode-sum renormalization and find the renormalization coefficients by matching a series in L = \ell + 1/2 to the large-L behavior of the expression for the self-force in terms of the retarded field h_{αβ}^{ret}; we similarly find the leading renormalization coefficients of h_{uu} and the related change in the angular velocity of the particle due to its self-force. We show numerically that the singular part of the self-force has the form f_α \propto < \nabla_αρ^{-1}>, the part of \nabla_αρ^{-1} that is axisymmetric about a radial line through the particle. This differs only by a constant from its form for a Lorenz gauge. It is because we do not use a radiation gauge to describe the change in black-hole mass that the singular part of the self-force has no singularity along a radial line through the particle and, at least in this example, is spherically symmetric to subleading order in ρ.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Un nuovo ibrido di Ophrys (Orchidaceae) in Toscana: Ophrys ×cetonae Romolini & Soca
Creators: name: Romieg Soca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Ophrys
Ophrys ×cetonae

description: Romolini R. & Soca R., 2015. Un nuovo ibrido di Ophrys (Orchidaceae) in Toscana: Ophrys ×cetonae Romolini & Soca. GIROS Orchidee Spontanee d'Europa 58(1): 143-147.
Long-lived periodic revivals of coherence in an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Egorov, Mikhail
name: Anderson, Russell P.
name: Ivannikov, Valentin
name: Opanchuk, Bogdan
name: Drummond, Peter
name: Hall, Brenton V.
name: Sidorov, Andrei I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe the coherence of an interacting two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) surviving for seconds in a trapped Ramsey interferometer. Mean-field driven collective oscillations of two components lead to periodic dephasing and rephasing of condensate wave functions with a slow decay of the interference fringe visibility. We apply spin echo synchronous with the self-rephasing of the condensate to reduce the influence of state-dependent atom losses, significantly enhancing the visibility up to 0.75 at the evolution time of 1.5s. Mean-field theory consistently predicts higher visibility than experimentally observed values. We quantify the effects of classical and quantum noise and infer a coherence time of 2.8 s for a trapped condensate of 5.5e4 interacting atoms.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Does Measurement Necessarily Destroy Coherence?
Creators: name: Ghose, Partha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that measurement in quantum mechanics results from spontaneous breaking of a symmetry of the measuring apparatus and could be a unitary process that preserves coherence. Viewed in this manner, it is argued, non-destructive measurements should preserve this coherence and be reversible. It is shown that experiments with maximally entangled bipartite states can indeed distinguish between projective and unitary measurements.
description: 10 pages, no figure; to be published in Advanced Science Letters. Original submission revised
Additivity Principle in High-dimensional Deterministic Systems
Creators: name: Saito, Keiji
name: Dhar, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The additivity principle (AP), conjectured by Bodineau and Derrida [Phys. Rev. Lett. vol.92, 180601 (2004)], is discussed for the case of heat conduction in three-dimensional disordered harmonic lattices to consider the effects of deterministic dynamics, higher dimensionality, and different transport regimes, i.e., ballistic, diffusive, and anomalous transport. The cumulant generating function (CGF) for heat transfer is accurately calculated, and compared with the one given by the AP. In the diffusive regime, we find a clear agreement with the conjecture even if the system is high-dimensional. Surprisingly even in the anomalous regime the CGF is also well fitted by the AP. Lower dimensional systems are also studied and the importance of three-dimensionality for the validity is stressed.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures