cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Austrothaumalea bicornis Sinclair 2008, n.sp.
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Thaumaleidae
Austrothaumalea
Austrothaumalea bicornis

description: Austrothaumalea bicornis n.sp.
Figs 1–2
 Type material. HOLOTYPE ? “AUST: N.QLD: Mt. /Elliot N.P., 600 m /above Alligator Ck. /Falls, 9.iv.1994; seep / B.J. Sinclair ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Austrothaumalea /bicornis /Sinclair” (AMS). PARATYPES: Queensland: 1 ?, same data as holotype (AMS).
 Recognition. This species is distinguished by the strongly bent gonostyli and pair of long, slender apical epandrial processes.
 Description. Wing length 1.5 mm. Coloration: Head dull, dark brown. Mesonotum and pleura dark brown and dull; coxae, femora and tibiae pale brown, tarsi darker; halter knob pale on inner margin; abdomen dull greyish-brown, including pleural membrane; terminalia dark brown. Wing faintly infuscate; R+R 1 +R 1+2 with macrotrichia along entire length, remaining veins bare; R 2 situated in middle of R 1+2; bend in R 3 strong; R 3 and R 4+5 somewhat divergent toward wing margin; CuA nearly straight, lacking appendage. Male abdominal sternites 2–7 rectangular, sparsely setose; sternite 8 membranous. Male terminalia (Figs 1–2): Epandrium broadly triangular from ventral aspect; posterior margin narrow, straight; pair of long, slender processes projecting from posterolateral margin. Hypandrium broad, less than width of base of gonostylus. Gonocoxite long, slightly tapered apically. Gonostylus bent at right angle near midlength; apex flattened, spatula-shaped from posterior view; lacking setulae beyond bend. Parameres fused to form laterally flattened process, with hooked tip; not extending beyond gonocoxites. Gonocoxal plate broad, extending to mid-length of gonocoxites; apical margin convex, with short posterolateral processes; not fused to hypandrium.
 Distribution. This species is know only from its type locality (just south of Townsville, Queensland), collected from a seepage flowing over a large open rock bald next to the falls of Alligator Creek. Mount Elliot is a granite massif, arising more than 1000 m. Its eastern slopes bear numerous small creeks and waterfalls.A small remnant rainforest is confined to areas above 600 m.
 Remarks. This species appears most closely related to A. minnamurrae and the undescribed species from Woombye referred to in Theischinger (1986).
 Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin cornis (horned), in reference to the pair of long slender projections from the posterior margin of the epandrium.
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2008, New Species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir from Australia (Diptera: Thaumaleidae), pp. 1-12 in Records of the Australian Museum 60 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1490, http://zenodo.org/record/4676495
Money, Mentoring and Making Friends : The Impact of a Multidimensional Access Program on Student Performance
Creators: name: Denny, Kevin
name: Doyle, Orla
name: O'Reilly, Patricia
name: O'Sullivan, Vincent
name: Denny, Kevin
name: Doyle, Orla
name: O'Reilly, Patricia
name: O'Sullivan, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Education inequality
subject: Access programs
subject: Natural experiment
subject: Economics of education

description: There is a well established socioeconomic gradient in educational attainment, despite much effort in recent decades to address this inequality. This study evaluates a university access program that provides financial, academic and social support to low socioeconomic status (SES) students using a natural experiment which exploits the time variation in the expansion of the program across schools. The program has parallels with US affirmative actions programs, although preferential treatment is based on SES rather than ethnicity. Evaluating the effectiveness of programs targeting disadvantaged students in Ireland is particularly salient given the high rate of return to education and the lack of intergenerational mobility in educational attainment. Overall, we identify positive treatment effects on first year exam performance, progression to second year and final year graduation rates, with the impact often stronger for higher ability students. We find similar patterns of results for students that entered through the regular system and the ‘affirmative action’ group i.e. the students that entered with lower high school grades. The program affects the performance of both male and female students, albeit in different ways. This study suggests that access programs can be an effective means of improving academic outcomes for socio-economically disadvantaged students.
Solar Contamination in Extreme Precision Radial Velocity Measurements: Deleterious Effects and Prospects for Mitigation
Creators: name: Roy, Arpita
name: Halverson, Sam
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
name: Stefansson, Gudmundur
name: Monson, Andrew
name: Logsdon, Sarah E.
name: Bender, Chad F.
name: Blake, Cullen H.
name: Golub, Eli
name: Gupta, Arvind
name: Jaehnig, Kurt P.
name: Kanodia, Shubham
name: Kaplan, Kyle
name: McElwain, Michael W.
name: Ninan, Joe P.
name: Rajagopal, Jayadev
name: Robertson, Paul
name: Schwab, Christian
name: Terrien, Ryan C.
name: Wang, Sharon Xuesong
name: Wolf, Marsha J.
name: Wright, Jason T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar contamination, due to moonlight and atmospheric scattering of sunlight, can cause systematic errors in stellar radial velocity (RV) measurements that significantly detract from the ~10cm/s sensitivity required for the detection and characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in or near Habitable Zones of Sun-like stars. The addition of low-level spectral contamination at variable effective velocity offsets introduces systematic noise when measuring velocities using classical mask-based or template-based cross-correlation techniques. Here we present simulations estimating the range of RV measurement error induced by uncorrected scattered sunlight contamination. We explore potential correction techniques, using both simultaneous spectrometer sky fibers and broadband imaging via coherent fiber imaging bundles, that could reliably reduce this source of error to below the photon-noise limit of typical stellar observations. We discuss the limitations of these simulations, the underlying assumptions, and mitigation mechanisms. We also present and discuss the components designed and built into the NEID precision RV instrument for the WIYN 3.5m telescope, to serve as an ongoing resource for the community to explore and evaluate correction techniques. We emphasize that while "bright time" has been traditionally adequate for RV science, the goal of 10cm/s precision on the most interesting exoplanetary systems may necessitate access to darker skies for these next-generation instruments.
On modeling pollution-generating technologies.
Creators: name: Murty, Sushama
name: Russell, R. Robert
name: Murty, Sushama
name: Russell, R. Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: pollution-generating technologies
subject: free disposability
subject: weak disposability
subject: data envelope analysis
subject: technical efficiency measurement

description: We distinguish between intended production and residual generation and introduce the concept of by-production. We show that by-production provides the fundamental explanation for the positive correlation that is observed between intended production and residual generation. Most of the existing literature attributes the observed positive correlation to abatement options available to firms. We show that abatement options of firms add to the phenomenon of by-production in strengthening the observed positive correlation. The existing literature usually does not explicitly model abatement options of firms, but considers a reduced form of the technology, which satisfies standard disposability assumptions with respect to all inputs and intended outputs. We show that more than one implicit production relation is needed to capture all the technological trade-offs that are implied by by-production. From our model, we are able to derive a reduced form of the technology that is in the spirit of the one that is usually studied in the literature. However, we find that our reduced form technology violates standard disposability with respect to inputs and intended outputs that cause pollution. We derive implications from the phenomenon of by-production for the econometric and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) specifications of pollution-generating technologies. We derive a DEA specification of technologies that satisfy by-production. Such a specification can be used to study issues relating to measurement of efficiency, marginal abatement costs, productivity, etc., of firms with technologies that generate pollution.
Statistical Methods for Stable Distribution Using The Empirical Characteristic Function
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaonan
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 4905
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Stable distributions are a class of distributions allowing heavy tail and skewness. Most of stable distributions lack closed-form expression for their densities, so that estimating parameters is a challenging problem. When distributions have no closed-form density expression, their characteristic function becomes a useful alternative to define the unique distribution. We use the empirical characteristic function, i.e. the sample analog of the characteristic function, for estimation and goodness-of-fit tests for data. The existing fixed interval empirical characteristic function method works well when the alpha parameter is large but performs poorly for small values of alpha. This study offers a modification based on an adaptive grid to improve the estimation result for small alpha parameter without having a negative effect on the estimation of the other parameters. Goodness-of-fit tests based on the empirical characteristic function are also given and compared to classical tests based on the empirical cumulative distribution function.
Discussing parenthood with gay men diagnosed with HIV: a qualitative study of patient and healthcare practitioner perspectives.
Creators: name: Pralat, Robert
name: Anderson, Jane
name: Burns, Fiona
name: Yarrow, Elizabeth
name: Barber, Tristan J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Gay men
HIV diagnosis
Patient–provider communication
Reproductive health
Sexual health

description: BACKGROUND: Research on HIV and reproduction has focused largely on women and heterosexual men. This article examines whether it is relevant to address parenthood in HIV care with gay men and what ways of doing so are most appropriate. METHODS: Qualitative interviews were conducted at four London clinics with 25 men living with HIV, aged 20-45, who did not have children, and 16 HIV clinicians. A thematic analysis identified potential reasons why parenthood was rarely discussed with gay men in HIV care. RESULTS: Two sets of ideas contributed to a lack of conversations about parenthood: clinicians' ideas about what matters to gay men and men's ideas about what it means to be HIV-positive. Both sets of ideas largely excluded having children, with patients and practitioners similarly unlikely to raise the topic of parenthood in the clinic. Contrary to what clinician commonly assumed, many men expressed interest in receiving more information, highlighting the importance of reassuring people upon diagnosis that it is possible to become parents while living with HIV. CONCLUSIONS: Parenting desires and intentions were rarely discussed with men in HIV care. Our findings illuminate the potentially beneficial effects of emphasising that having children is a possibility at diagnosis, regardless of patients' gender or sexuality. Conveying this information seems meaningful, not only to men who want to become parents in the future but also to others, as it appears to alleviate fears about mortality and ill health.
description: British HIV Association Isaac Newton Trust Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2018-146) Wellcome Trust (100606/Z/12/Z)
The Gustave Moreau Museum: Exhibiting Individuality
Creators: name: Cowgill, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3601
subject: Art history, theory and criticism

description: This thesis analyzes the Musée national Gustave Moreau, a museum located in the artist’s (1826-1898) former home/studio on 14 rue de la Rochefoucauld in Paris’s 9th arrondissement. This formerly private space has become a public museum displaying both Moreau’s art— thousands of oil paintings, watercolors, drawings, and sculptures—and personal, everyday objects belonging to the artist. The museum originally was created according to Moreau’s own stipulation, in the years preceding his death, that the building’s top two floors, which comprised the artist’s studio, be opened to the public. When the museum opened as a state-run institution in 1903, Moreau’s wishes were honored. In 1991, the museum’s then-director, Geneviève Lacambre, decided to make the residential first floor public as well.The existing scholarly literature on the Musée Gustave Moreau treats it as an anomalous institution, attributing its unusual, intensely monographic format to the peculiar wishes of the sensitive, reclusive artist. While acknowledging that the museum is in some ways unique, I situate Moreau’s plans for the museum in the context of developments in nineteenth-century exhibition practices that increasingly emphasized the artist’s individuality. Through a socio- historical interpretation, I link the museum to broader trends in the Parisian art world of Moreau’s day. Economic shifts that made the art market increasingly competitive during the final decades of the nineteenth century necessitated that artists distinguish or “brand” both their art and their identity. This emphasis on the artist’s unique persona intensified and crystallized in the Symbolist concept of the artist-genius: a visionary, often reclusive figure whose intense psychological state bordered on “madness.”Drawing upon this trope, Moreau cultivated public interest in his home/studio. The artist shielded both himself and his work from curious eyes, closing his studio off to all but his most active patrons while welcoming personal visitors into his first-floor residence. This market strategy extended into Moreau’s afterlife with the opening of the museum, when he closed the first floor but opened the studio floors to public view. That studio space, which contains a dazzling display of large-scale, fantastical works, inculcates an experience of awe and mystery. The 1991 opening of the first floor essentially extended this attempt to inspire reverence, as these rooms evoke for visitors a sense of intimacy and proximity to the artist-genius.
Efficient Implementation of Controlled-Rotations by Using Entanglement
Creators: name: Ye, Ming-Yong
name: Zhang, Yong-Sheng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Implementation of controlled-rotations using entanglement is considered. We show that the successful probability is closely related to the entanglement and the rotation angle. The successful probability will increase if we increase the entanglement we use or decrease the controlled-rotation angle and the probability will trend to unit when the entangled state trends to a Bell state or the controlled-rotation angle trends to zero.
description: Our result satisfies our intuition about this question
Thermonuclear burst physics with RXTE
Creators: name: Galloway, D. K.
name: Chakrabarty, D.
name: Cumming, A.
name: Kuulkers, E.
name: Bildsten, L.
name: Rothschild, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently we have made measurements of thermonuclear burst energetics and recurrence times which are unprecedented in their precision, largely thanks to the sensitivity of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. In the "Clocked Burster", GS 1826-24, hydrogen burns during the burst via the rapid-proton (rp) process, which has received particular attention in recent years through theoretical and modelling studies. The burst energies and the measured variation of alpha (the ratio of persistent to burst flux) with accretion rate strongly suggests solar metallicity in the neutron star atmosphere, although this is not consistent with the corresponding variation of the recurrence time. Possible explanations include extra heating between the bursts, or a change in the fraction of the neutron star over which accretion takes place. I also present results from 4U 1746-37, which exhibits regular burst trains which are interrupted by "out of phase" bursts.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, AIP conference proceedings format. To appear in the proceedings of the "X-ray Timing 2003: Rossi and Beyond" meeting held in Cambridge, MA, November, 2003
The Gustave Moreau Museum: Exhibiting Individuality
Creators: name: Cowgill, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis analyzes the Musée national Gustave Moreau, a museum located in the artist’s (1826-1898) former home/studio on 14 rue de la Rochefoucauld in Paris’s 9th arrondissement. This formerly private space has become a public museum displaying both Moreau’s art— thousands of oil paintings, watercolors, drawings, and sculptures—and personal, everyday objects belonging to the artist. The museum originally was created according to Moreau’s own stipulation, in the years preceding his death, that the building’s top two floors, which comprised the artist’s studio, be opened to the public. When the museum opened as a state-run institution in 1903, Moreau’s wishes were honored. In 1991, the museum’s then-director, Geneviève Lacambre, decided to make the residential first floor public as well.The existing scholarly literature on the Musée Gustave Moreau treats it as an anomalous institution, attributing its unusual, intensely monographic format to the peculiar wishes of the sensitive, reclusive artist. While acknowledging that the museum is in some ways unique, I situate Moreau’s plans for the museum in the context of developments in nineteenth-century exhibition practices that increasingly emphasized the artist’s individuality. Through a socio- historical interpretation, I link the museum to broader trends in the Parisian art world of Moreau’s day. Economic shifts that made the art market increasingly competitive during the final decades of the nineteenth century necessitated that artists distinguish or “brand” both their art and their identity. This emphasis on the artist’s unique persona intensified and crystallized in the Symbolist concept of the artist-genius: a visionary, often reclusive figure whose intense psychological state bordered on “madness.”Drawing upon this trope, Moreau cultivated public interest in his home/studio. The artist shielded both himself and his work from curious eyes, closing his studio off to all but his most active patrons while welcoming personal visitors into his first-floor residence. This market strategy extended into Moreau’s afterlife with the opening of the museum, when he closed the first floor but opened the studio floors to public view. That studio space, which contains a dazzling display of large-scale, fantastical works, inculcates an experience of awe and mystery. The 1991 opening of the first floor essentially extended this attempt to inspire reverence, as these rooms evoke for visitors a sense of intimacy and proximity to the artist-genius.
Examination of Expectancies and Personality Traits on Willingness to Use E-Cigarettes in Varied College Party Environments
Creators: name: Kushlan, Madeleine
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5205
subject: Social and personality psychology

description: While electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has been increasing in young adults in the U.S., the situations in which college students use e-cigarettes remains understudied. The present study utilized qualitative interview and party vignettes to determine whether certain party environments led to greater e-cigarette use than others, and how students’ personality traits and substance expectancies might inform their decisions. Participants were found to be more likely to use e-cigarettes when the vignette included alcohol than in vignettes that included only e-cigarettes. However, participants were more likely to use alcohol than e-cigarettes in all conditions, and they perceived e-cigarettes to be more harmful than alcohol. These results run contrary to literature on e-cigarette use among young adults, but situations in which e-cigarettes are used on college campuses should be further studied. Additionally, methods other than written vignettes should be used to explore the substances used at college parties and the factors that drive substance use at these parties.
title: Zieleń na elewacji budynku oczami użytkownika
Creators: name: Kosmatka, Jerzy
Publisher: name: Publishing House of Poznan University of Technology
Year: 2020

description: Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura wnętrz, 1, 107-118
International Trade without CES: Estimating Translog Gravity
Creators: name: Novy, Dennis
name: Novy, Dennis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Translog
subject: Gravity
subject: Trade Costs
subject: Distance
subject: Trade Cost Elasticity

description: This paper derives a micro-founded gravity equation in general equilibrium based on a translog demand system that allows for endogenous markups and substitution patterns across goods. In contrast to standard CES-based gravity equations, trade is more sensitive to trade costs if the exporting country only provides a small share of the destination country’s imports. As a result, trade costs have a heterogeneous impact across country pairs, with some trade flows predicted to be zero. I test the translog gravity equation and find strong empirical support in its favor.
Austrothaumalea capricornis Theischinger 1986
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Thaumaleidae
Austrothaumalea
Austrothaumalea capricornis

description: Austrothaumalea capricornis Theischinger
 Austrothaumalea capricornis Theischinger, 1986: 298.
 Material examined. New South Wales: 3 ??, 1 !, Blue Mtns NP, Mt. Wilson, Waterfall Ck, 22.xi.1993, 13.xii.1998 (AMS, CNC).
 Distribution. This species is known from Mt. Wilson and the Point Lookout region of New England National Park.
 Remarks. The above specimens from Mt. Wilson were collected either along a narrow cascading stream or at the waterfall near the edge of the forested region. This locality is a small remnant rainforest growing in rich basaltic soils, and near the stream is a large grove of tree ferns (Dicksonia antarctica Labill).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2008, New Species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir from Australia (Diptera: Thaumaleidae), pp. 1-12 in Records of the Australian Museum 60 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1490, http://zenodo.org/record/4676495
Effects of Multi-Shell Free Water Correction on Glioma Characterization.
Creators: name: Starck, Lea
name: Zaccagna, Fulvio
name: Pasternak, Ofer
name: Gallagher, Ferdia
name: Grüner, Renate
name: Riemer, Frank
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: glioma
free water
tumor characterization

description: Diffusion MRI is a useful tool to investigate the microstructure of brain tumors. However, the presence of fast diffusing isotropic signals originating from non-restricted edematous fluids, within and surrounding tumors, may obscure estimation of the underlying tissue characteristics, complicating the radiological interpretation and quantitative evaluation of diffusion MRI. A multi-shell regularized free water (FW) elimination model was therefore applied to separate free water from tissue-related diffusion components from the diffusion MRI of 26 treatment-naïve glioma patients. We then investigated the diagnostic value of the derived measures of FW maps as well as FW-corrected tensor-derived maps of fractional anisotropy (FA). Presumed necrotic tumor regions display greater mean and variance of FW content than other parts of the tumor. On average, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for the classification of necrotic and enhancing tumor volumes increased by 5% in corrected data compared to non-corrected data. FW elimination shifts the FA distribution in non-enhancing tumor parts toward higher values and significantly increases its entropy (p ≤ 0.003), whereas skewness is decreased (p ≤ 0.004). Kurtosis is significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in high-grade tumors. In conclusion, eliminating FW contributions improved quantitative estimations of FA, which helps to disentangle the cancer heterogeneity.
OUT-OF-EQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS WITH DECENTRALIZED EXCHANGE: CAUTIOUS TRADING AND CONVERGENCE TO EFFICIENCY
Creators: name: Ghosal, Sayantan
name: Porter, James
name: Ghosal, Sayantan
name: Porter, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: out-of-equilibrium
subject: cautious
subject: trading
subject: efficiency
subject: experimenting
subject: computation

description: Is the result that equilibrium trading outcomes are efficient in markets without frictions robust to a scenario where agents’ beliefs and plans aren’t already aligned at their equilibrium values? In this paper, starting from a situation where agents’ beliefs and plans aren’t already aligned at their equilibrium values, we study whether out-ofequilibrium trading converges to efficient allocations. We show that out-of-equilibrium trading does converge with probability 1 to an effi- cient allocation even when traders have limited information and trade cautiously. In economies where preferences can be represented by Cobb-Douglass utility functions, we show, numerically, that the rate of convergence will be exponential. We show that experimentation leads to convergence in some examples where multilateral exchange is essential to achieve gains from trade. We prove that experimentation does converge with probability 1 to an efficient allocation and the speed of convergence remains exponential with Cobb-Douglass utility functions.
Presynaptic modulation as fast synaptic switching: state-dependent modulation of task performance
Creators: name: Scheler, Gabriele
name: Schumann, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: F.1.1;K.3.2;I.1.10

description: Neuromodulatory receptors in presynaptic position have the ability to suppress synaptic transmission for seconds to minutes when fully engaged. This effectively alters the synaptic strength of a connection. Much work on neuromodulation has rested on the assumption that these effects are uniform at every neuron. However, there is considerable evidence to suggest that presynaptic regulation may be in effect synapse-specific. This would define a second "weight modulation" matrix, which reflects presynaptic receptor efficacy at a given site. Here we explore functional consequences of this hypothesis. By analyzing and comparing the weight matrices of networks trained on different aspects of a task, we identify the potential for a low complexity "modulation matrix", which allows to switch between differently trained subtasks while retaining general performance characteristics for the task. This means that a given network can adapt itself to different task demands by regulating its release of neuromodulators. Specifically, we suggest that (a) a network can provide optimized responses for related classification tasks without the need to train entirely separate networks and (b) a network can blend a "memory mode" which aims at reproducing memorized patterns and a "novelty mode" which aims to facilitate classification of new patterns. We relate this work to the known effects of neuromodulators on brain-state dependent processing.
description: 6 pages, 13 figures
D meson mass and heavy quark potential at finite temperature
Creators: name: Gubler, Philipp
name: Song, Taesoo
name: Lee, Su Houng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the observation that the heavy quark-antiquark potential value at infinity corresponds to twice the D meson mass, we constrain the asymptotic value of the heavy quark potential in a hot medium through a QCD sum rule calculation of the D meson at finite temperature. We find that to correctly reproduce the QCD sum rule results as well as a recent model calculation for the D meson mass near the critical temperature, the heavy quark potential should be composed mostly of the free energy with an addition of a small but nontrivial fraction of the internal energy. Combined with a previous study comparing potential model results for the $J/ψ$ to a QCD sum rule calculation, we conclude that the composition of the effective heavy quark potential should depend on the inter-quark distance. Namely, the potential is dominated by the free energy at short distance, while at larger separation, it has a fraction of about 20% of internal energy.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; published version
Planetary Nebula Studies of Face-On Spiral Galaxies: Is the Disk Mass-to-Light Ratio Constant?
Creators: name: Herrmann, Kimberly A.
name: Ciardullo, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When astronomers study the dark matter halos of spiral galaxies, they normally assume that the disk mass-to-light ratio is *constant*. We describe a method of analyzing the kinematics of planetary nebulae (PNe) in nearby face-on spiral galaxies to test this assumption. Since the restoring force for stellar motions perpendicular to the galactic disk is proportional to the disk mass surface density, measurements of the vertical velocity dispersion can be used to produce an independent measure of the total amount of matter in the disk. Our steps are: (1) to identify a population of PNe by imaging the host spiral in several filters, and (2) to isolate the vertical velocity dispersion from spectroscopic observations of the PNe. Our first results for the PNe of M33 indicate that the mass-to-light ratio of the galaxy's disk actually *increases* by more than a factor of 5 over the inner 6 disk scale lengths. We have begun similar studies of the PNe in five more face-on galaxies: M83, M101, M94, NGC 6946, and M74. These data will also produce additional science such as galaxy distances and constraints on the disk transparency.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, for "Planetary Nebulae as Astronomical Tools" Conference Proceedings (in Gdansk, Poland June 28-July 2, 2005)
Additional file 1 of Vitamin B12 is neuroprotective in experimental pneumococcal meningitis through modulation of hippocampal DNA methylation
Creators: name: Queiroz, Karina Barbosa De
name: Cavalcante-Silva, Vanessa
name: Lopes, Flávia Lombardi
name: Gifone Aguiar Rocha
name: Vânia D’Almeida
name: Coimbra, Roney Santos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Experimental design. Diagrammatic representation of the experimental design of this study.
PowerNorm: Rethinking Batch Normalization in Transformers
Creators: name: Shen, Sheng
name: Yao, Zhewei
name: Gholami, Amir
name: Mahoney, Michael W.
name: Keutzer, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The standard normalization method for neural network (NN) models used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is layer normalization (LN). This is different than batch normalization (BN), which is widely-adopted in Computer Vision. The preferred use of LN in NLP is principally due to the empirical observation that a (naive/vanilla) use of BN leads to significant performance degradation for NLP tasks; however, a thorough understanding of the underlying reasons for this is not always evident. In this paper, we perform a systematic study of NLP transformer models to understand why BN has a poor performance, as compared to LN. We find that the statistics of NLP data across the batch dimension exhibit large fluctuations throughout training. This results in instability, if BN is naively implemented. To address this, we propose Power Normalization (PN), a novel normalization scheme that resolves this issue by (i) relaxing zero-mean normalization in BN, (ii) incorporating a running quadratic mean instead of per batch statistics to stabilize fluctuations, and (iii) using an approximate backpropagation for incorporating the running statistics in the forward pass. We show theoretically, under mild assumptions, that PN leads to a smaller Lipschitz constant for the loss, compared with BN. Furthermore, we prove that the approximate backpropagation scheme leads to bounded gradients. We extensively test PN for transformers on a range of NLP tasks, and we show that it significantly outperforms both LN and BN. In particular, PN outperforms LN by 0.4/0.6 BLEU on IWSLT14/WMT14 and 5.6/3.0 PPL on PTB/WikiText-103. We make our code publicly available at \url{https://github.com/sIncerass/powernorm}.
An investigation into the feasibility of wheat versus wood fibre paper for UBC
Creators: name: Cheung, Wing Cho
name: Nam, Jeffrey
name: Yen, Chung-Chih (Kenny)
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a leader on sustainability and is currently investigating the feasibility of using wheat fibre paper in lieu of the current 30% post consumer waste wood fibre paper. To examine this matter, a triple bottom line assessment for has been conducted. The triple bottom line assessment includes the investigation of social, environmental, as well as economic aspects of the use of both types of paper through various indicators for each category such as labour conditions, carbon emissions, and cost differences. Through extensive research from sources such as journal articles, online materials and other published reports, surveying users for an evaluation of the performance of both types of paper, as well as interviewing experts in the production of the wheat fibre paper, a significant amount of information and useful data has been gathered. From the investigation, the following observations can be made. First, the overall social aspects such as labour conditions, social awareness, and local resource distribution of the wheat fibre paper meet all the requirements from UBC’s Supplier Code of Conduct. Second, the ecological footprint of the wheat fibre paper during its entire lifecycle is significantly less than that of the 30% PCW wood fibre paper. Third, replacing wood fibre paper with wheat fibre paper at UBC has minimal economic impact on the local scale. Based on the findings from the investigation, it is determined that the utilization of wheat fibre paper at UBC is viable and that the replacement of 30% PCW wood fibre paper with wheat fibre paper is recommended. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Examination of Expectancies and Personality Traits on Willingness to Use E-Cigarettes in Varied College Party Environments
Creators: name: Kushlan, Madeleine
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: While electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has been increasing in young adults in the U.S., the situations in which college students use e-cigarettes remains understudied. The present study utilized qualitative interview and party vignettes to determine whether certain party environments led to greater e-cigarette use than others, and how students’ personality traits and substance expectancies might inform their decisions. Participants were found to be more likely to use e-cigarettes when the vignette included alcohol than in vignettes that included only e-cigarettes. However, participants were more likely to use alcohol than e-cigarettes in all conditions, and they perceived e-cigarettes to be more harmful than alcohol. These results run contrary to literature on e-cigarette use among young adults, but situations in which e-cigarettes are used on college campuses should be further studied. Additionally, methods other than written vignettes should be used to explore the substances used at college parties and the factors that drive substance use at these parties.
Opting for Opting In? An Evaluation of the European Commission’s Proposals for Reforming VAT on Financial Services
Creators: name: De La Feria, Rita
name: Lockwood, Ben
name: De La Feria, Rita
name: Lockwood, Ben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper provides a legal and economic analysis of the European Commission’s recent proposals for reforming the application of VAT to financial services, with particular focus on their “third pillar”, under which firms would be allowed to opt-into taxation on exempt insurance and financial services. From a legal perspective, we show that the proposals’ “first and second pillar” would give rise to considerable interpretative and qualification problems, resulting in as much complexity and legal uncertainty as the current regime. Equally, an option to tax could potentially follow significantly different legal designs, which would give rise to discrepancies in the application of the option amongst Member States. On the economic side, we show that quite generally, when firms cannot coordinate their behaviour, they have an individual incentive to opt-in on business-to-business (B2B) transactions, but not on business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions. We also show that opting in eliminates the cost disadvantage that EU financial services firms face in competing with foreign firms for B2B sales. But, these results do not hold if firms can coordinate their behaviour. An estimate of the upper bound on the amount of tax revenue that might be lost from allowing opting-in is provided for a number of EU countries.
D-brane Dynamics and Creations of Open and Closed Strings after Recommbination
Creators: name: Sato, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum-mechanical technique is used within the framework of U(2) super-Yang-Mills theory to investigate what happens in the process after recombination of two D-p-branes at one angle. Two types of initial conditions are considered, one of which with $p=4$ is a candidate of inflation mechanism. It is observed that the branes' shapes come to have three extremes due to localization of tachyon condensation. Furthermore, open string pairs connecting the decaying D-branes are shown to be created; most part of the released energy is used to create them. It also strongly suggests that creation of closed strings happens afterward. Closed strings as gravitational radiation from the D-branes are also shown to be created. A few speculations are also given on implications of the above phenomena for an inflation model.
description: 39pages,Latex,9 eps-figs,in v4 creation of closed strings discussed, energy dissipation by rads. replaced by that by creations of strings; in v5 logic to argue pair-creation of open strings corrected, their number density, energy distribution to them, energy flux of gravi. radiation evaluated quantitatively, 2 intuitive figs.added, 1 initial cond. modified: overlapping -> parallel, refs. on rolling tachyons added;in v6 distribution of the releassed energy corrected:its most part used to created open string pairs
ASSESSING THE APPLICABILITY AND ACCURACY OF MOLECULAR DOCKING TO STUDY THE INTERACTIONS OF LIGANDS WITH GPCRS
Creators: name: Dolatmoradi, Marjan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of cell membrane proteins that are involved in various physiological processes, and are the target of the majority of marketed drugs. A deeper insight into the structural interaction between GPCRs and ligands can be gained with computational studies. Molecular docking and virtual screening have become valuable tools for in silico prediction of ligand-receptor interaction, and investigate the binding affinities of candidate molecules to a given target. In this work, the accuracy of molecular docking at reproducing the crystallographic structures of 25 ligands in complex with GPCR structures was determined using standard precision (SP) and extra precision (XP) scoring functions. In addition, the correlation between the results obtained from the cognate ligand redocking and virtual screening, and the applicability of implemented strategy to study GPCRs were investigated.
Role of the lectin pathway of complement in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated endothelial injury and thrombotic microangiopathy.
Creators: name: Gavriilaki, Eleni
name: Ho, Vincent T
name: Schwaeble, Wilhelm
name: Dudler, Thomas
name: Daha, Mohamed
name: Fujita, Teizo
name: Jodele, Sonata
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review
Endothelial injury
Complement activation
Lectin pathway
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy

description: Funder: omeros corporation
description: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) is a life-threatening syndrome that occurs in adult and pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nonspecific symptoms, heterogeneity within study populations, and variability among current diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of this syndrome. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and associated risk factors precipitate endothelial injury, leading to HSCT-TMA and other endothelial injury syndromes such as hepatic veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, capillary leak syndrome, and graft-versus-host disease. Endothelial injury can trigger activation of the complement system, promoting inflammation and the development of endothelial injury syndromes, ultimately leading to organ damage and failure. In particular, the lectin pathway of complement is activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) on the surface of injured endothelial cells. Pattern-recognition molecules such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectins, and ficolins-collectively termed lectins-bind to DAMPs on injured host cells, forming activation complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases 1, 2, and 3 (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). Activation of the lectin pathway may also trigger the coagulation cascade via MASP-2 cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin. Together, activation of complement and the coagulation cascade lead to a procoagulant state that may result in development of HSCT-TMA. Several complement inhibitors targeting various complement pathways are in clinical trials for the treatment of HSCT-TMA. In this article, we review the role of the complement system in HSCT-TMA pathogenesis, with a focus on the lectin pathway.
Additional file 2 of The sweet spot: fasting glucose, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in older adults with diabetes: a nationwide population-based study
Creators: name: Lee, Ji Hyun
name: Kyungdo Han
name: Huh, Ji Hye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Characteristics of participants.
Limits on Lorentz Violation from the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Gagnon, Olivier
name: Moore, Guy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We place several new limits on Lorentz violating effects, which can modify particles' dispersion relations, by considering the highest energy cosmic rays observed. Since these are hadrons, this involves considering the partonic content of such cosmic rays. We get a number of bounds on differences in maximum propagation speeds, which are typically bounded at the 10^{-21} level, and on momentum dependent dispersion corrections of the form v = 1 +- p^2/Lambda^2, which typically bound Lambda > 10^{21} GeV, well above the Planck scale. For (CPT violating) dispersion correction of the form v = 1 + p/Lambda, the bounds are up to 15 orders of magnitude beyond the Planck scale.
description: 24 pages, no figures. Added references, very slight changes. Version published in Physical Review D
MultiMAP: dimensionality reduction and integration of multimodal data.
Creators: name: Jain, Mika Sarkin
name: Polanski, Krzysztof
name: Conde, Cecilia Dominguez
name: Chen, Xi
name: Park, Jongeun
name: Mamanova, Lira
name: Knights, Andrew
name: Botting, Rachel A
name: Stephenson, Emily
name: Haniffa, Muzlifah
name: Lamacraft, Austen
name: Efremova, Mirjana
name: Teichmann, Sarah A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Method

description: Funder: Gates Cambridge Scholarship
description: Multimodal data is rapidly growing in many fields of science and engineering, including single-cell biology. We introduce MultiMAP, a novel algorithm for dimensionality reduction and integration. MultiMAP can integrate any number of datasets, leverages features not present in all datasets, is not restricted to a linear mapping, allows the user to specify the influence of each dataset, and is extremely scalable to large datasets. We apply MultiMAP to single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, methylation, and spatial data and show that it outperforms current approaches. On a new thymus dataset, we use MultiMAP to integrate cells along a temporal trajectory. This enables quantitative comparison of transcription factor expression and binding site accessibility over the course of T cell differentiation, revealing patterns of expression versus binding site opening kinetics.