cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus pneumoniae outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review
Creators: name: Becker-Dreps, Sylvia I
name: Zivich, Paul N
name: Grabenstein, John D
name: Weber, David J
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Streptococcus pneumoniae is capable of causing multiple infectious syndromes and occasionally causes outbreaks. The objective of this review is to update prior outbreak reviews, identify control measures, and comment on transmission.
                Methods
                We conducted a review of published S. pneumoniae outbreaks, defined as at least two linked cases of S. pneumoniae.
                Results
                A total of 98 articles (86 respiratory; 8 conjunctivitis; 2 otitis media; 1 surgical site; 1 multiple), detailing 94 unique outbreaks occurring between 1916 to 2017 were identified. Reported serotypes included 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7F, 8, 12F, 14, 20, and 23F, and serogroups 6, 9, 15, 19, 22. The median attack rate for pneumococcal outbreaks was 7.0% (Interquartile range: 2.4%, 13%). The median case-fatality ratio was 12.9% (interquartile range: 0%, 29.2%). Age groups most affected by outbreaks were older adults (60.3%) and young adults (34.2%). Outbreaks occurred in crowded settings, such as universities/schools/daycares, military barracks, hospital wards, and long-term care facilities. Of outbreaks that assessed vaccination coverage, low initial vaccination or revaccination coverage was common. Most (73.1%) of reported outbreaks reported non-susceptibility to at least one antibiotic, with non-susceptibility to penicillin (56.0%) and erythromycin (52.6%) being common. Evidence suggests transmission in outbreaks can occur through multiple modes, including carriers, infected individuals, or medical devices. Several cases developed disease shortly after exposure (< 72 h). Respiratory outbreaks used infection prevention (55.6%), prophylactic vaccination (63.5%), and prophylactic antibiotics (50.5%) to prevent future cases. PPSV23 covered all reported outbreak serotypes. PCV13 covered 10 of 16 serotypes. For conjunctival outbreaks, only infection prevention strategies were used.
                Conclusions
                To prevent the initial occurrence of respiratory outbreaks, vaccination and revaccination is likely the best preventive measure. Once an outbreak occurs, vaccination and infection-prevention strategies should be utilized. Antibiotic prophylaxis may be considered for high-risk exposed individuals, but development of antibiotic resistance during outbreaks has been reported. The short period between initial exposure and development of disease indicates that pneumococcal colonization is not a prerequisite for pneumococcal respiratory infection.
title: A rapid learning infrastructure for implementing a laryngeal carcinoma survival prediction model
Creators: name: Bailey, Michael
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Cancer
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: PET-CT
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck
subject: Oncology
subject: Computer applications
subject: Toxicity

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Data quality of routine patients is of vital importance when creating an infrastructure for rapid learning. The aim of this work is to provide a platform that enables rapid learning for laryngeal carcinoma patients and prove the clinical relevance...
VLBI for Gravity Probe B: The Guide Star IM Pegasi
Creators: name: Bartel, N.
name: Bietenholz, M. F.
name: Lebach, D. E.
name: Ransom, R. R
name: Ratner, M. I
name: Shapiro, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the radio very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the guide star, IM Peg, and three compact extragalactic reference sources, 3C 454.3, B2250+194, and B2252+172, made in support of the NASA/Stanford gyroscope relativity mission, GP-B. The main goal of the observations was the determination of the proper motion of IM Peg relative to the distant universe. VLBI observations made between 1997 and 2005 yield a proper motion of IM Peg of -20.83 $\pm$ 0.09 mas yr$^{-1}$ in RA and -27.27 $\pm$ 0.09 mas yr$^{-1}$ in dec, in a celestial reference frame of extragalactic radio galaxies and quasars virtually identical to the International Celestial Reference Frame 2 (ICRF2). They also yield a parallax for IM Peg of 10.37 $\pm$ 0.07 mas, corresponding to a distance of 96.4 $\pm$ 0.7 pc. The uncertainties are standard errors with statistical and estimated systematic contributions added in quadrature. These results met the pre-launch requirements of the GP-B mission to not discernibly degrade the estimates of the geodetic and frame-dragging effects. The paper also reports on a 1$σ$ upper limit on the magnitude of the components of the proper motion of the 'core' of 3C 454.3 relative to the ICRF2 of 46 and 56 $μ$as yr$^{-1}$ in RA and dec, respectively, and presents densely sampled ellipses of the parallax and the orbit of the giant of the binary system. It further gives a sequence of images of the flickering radio emission relative to the disk of the giant. For a 'movie of a star,' see http://www.yorku.ca/bartel/impeg.mpg .
description: Invited review accepted for publication in a Special Issue of Classical and Quantum Gravity, 27 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
High resolution extreme heat risk urban impact in Valparaiso, Chile
Creators: name: Alamos, Nicolás
name: Amigo, Catalina
name: Billi, Marco
name: Muñoz, Ariel
name: Videla, Jose
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Climate change
subject: Extreme heat
subject: Fuzzy-logic
subject: Heat waves
subject: High-risk maps
subject: Micro-zonification
subject: Risk
subject: Territorial planning
subject: Vulnerability

description: shapefile containing threat, exposure, sensitivity, response capacity and risk index to extreme heat at census block level in the Viña del mar and Valparaiso connurbation
Cluster randomised controlled trial of a peer-led lifestyle intervention program: study protocol for the Kerala diabetes prevention program
Creators: name: Fisher, Edwin
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2013

description: Abstract: Background: India currently has more than 60 million people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and this is predicted to increase by nearly two-thirds by 2030. While management of those with T2DM is important, preventing or delaying the onset of the disease, especially in those individuals at ‘high risk’ of developing T2DM, is urgently needed, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This paper describes the protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a peer-led lifestyle intervention program to prevent diabetes in Kerala, India. Methods/design: A total of 60 polling booths are randomised to the intervention arm or control arm in rural Kerala, India. Data collection is conducted in two steps. Step 1 (Home screening): Participants aged 30–60 years are administered a screening questionnaire. Those having no history of T2DM and other chronic illnesses with an Indian Diabetes Risk Score value of ≥60 are invited to attend a mobile clinic (Step 2). At the mobile clinic, participants complete questionnaires, undergo physical measurements, and provide blood samples for biochemical analysis. Participants identified with T2DM at Step 2 are excluded from further study participation. Participants in the control arm are provided with a health education booklet containing information on symptoms, complications, and risk factors of T2DM with the recommended levels for primary prevention. Participants in the intervention arm receive: (1) eleven peer-led small group sessions to motivate, guide and support in planning, initiation and maintenance of lifestyle changes; (2) two diabetes prevention education sessions led by experts to raise awareness on T2DM risk factors, prevention and management; (3) a participant handbook containing information primarily on peer support and its role in assisting with lifestyle modification; (4) a participant workbook to guide self-monitoring of lifestyle behaviours, goal setting and goal review; (5) the health education booklet that is given to the control arm. Follow-up assessments are conducted at 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome is incidence of T2DM. Secondary outcomes include behavioural, psychosocial, clinical, and biochemical measures. An economic evaluation is planned. Discussion: Results from this trial will contribute to improved policy and practice regarding lifestyle intervention programs to prevent diabetes in India and other resource-constrained settings. Trial registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12611000262909.
title: Retrospective audit of recurrence rate, complications and survival after radiological-guided radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas.
Creators: name: Lam, Adrienne
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Cancer

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include percutaneous local ablation, resection, and liver transplantation [1]. This study aims to compare the local recurrence rate, survival rates and complication rates following image-guided...
High resolution flood risk urban impact in Valparaiso, Chile
Creators: name: Alamos, Nicolás
name: Amigo, Catalina
name: Billi, Marco
name: Muñoz, Ariel
name: Videla, Jose
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Climate change
subject: Flood
subject: Flood Risk
subject: Fuzzy-logic
subject: High-risk maps
subject: Micro-zonification
subject: Risk
subject: Territorial planning
subject: Vulnerability

description: shapefile containing threat, exposure, sensitivity, response capacity and risk index to flood at census block level in the Viña del mar and Valparaiso connurbation
title: RT led treatment reviews: Where to from here?
Creators: name: Newton, Melissa
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Psycho-oncology
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Radiation effects
subject: Professional issues
subject: Oncology

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: In the late 1990s in the United Kingdom, radiation therapists (RTs) experience of conducting treatment reviews for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy was positive. 1-4 Whilst undergoing radiation therapy, this patient cohort...
INVESTIGATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CHELATION ION CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR TRACE METAL DETERMINATIONS
Creators: name: CHALLENGER, OWEN JOHN
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1993

description: A high performance chelation ion chromatography system using chelating dye-coated columns for the determination of trace metals in several high ionic strength matrices is described. Spectrophotometric detection using 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) / zinc-EDT A and Pyrocatechol Violet post-column reagents was employed for the detection of divalent and trivalent metal ions respectively.
title: Pre-treatment verification in HDR brachytherapy at the Chris O'Brien Lifehouse: Radiation therapy experience
Creators: name: Lovett, Aimee
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Brachytherapy
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Oncology
subject: Safety
subject: Education and training
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: In the high consequence environment of HDR Brachytherapy, human factors and a lack of policies and procedures have been shown to be significant contributors to medical misadministration. 1,2 To mitigate the potential for a misadministration of HDR...
A Triangle Analog to Pascal's characterizing primes
Creators: name: Kaddoura, Issam
name: Zeid, Marwa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B75

description: In the conference paper we construct analouge to Pascal's triangle that characterize primes with additional fascinating properties.
description: LAAS 21th International Science Meeting ,989-992, April 17 ,2015
Pulsar timing signal from ultralight axion in $f(R)$ theory
Creators: name: Aoki, Arata
name: Soda, Jiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ultralight axion around $10^{-23}$ eV is known as a viable dark matter candidate. A distinguished feature of such a dark matter is the oscillating pressure which produces the oscillation of the gravitational potential with frequency in the nano-Hz range. Recently, Khmelnitsky and Rubakov pointed out that this time dependent potential induces the pulse arrival residual and could be observed by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) experiment. In this paper, we study the detectability of the oscillating pressure of the axion in the framework of $f(R)$ theory, and show that the amplitude of the gravitational potential can be enhanced or suppressed compared to that in Einstein's theory depending on the parameters of the $f(R)$ model and mass of the axion. In particular, we investigate the Hu-Sawicki model and find the condition that the Hu-Sawicki model is excluded.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
High resolution extreme waves risk urban impact in Valparaiso, Chile
Creators: name: Alamos, Nicolás
name: Amigo, Catalina
name: Billi, Marco
name: Winckler, Patricio
name: Larraguibel, Cristian
name: Contreras, Manuel
name: Muñoz, Ariel
name: Videla, Jose
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Climate change
subject: Extreme waves
subject: Extreme Waves
subject: Fuzzy-logic
subject: High-risk maps
subject: Micro-zonification
subject: Risk
subject: Territorial planning
subject: Vulnerability

description: shapefile containing threat, exposure, sensitivity, response capacity and risk index to extreme waves at census block level in the Viña del mar and Valparaiso connurbation
Efficient simulated tempering with approximated weights: Applications to first-order phase transitions
Creators: name: Valentim, A.
name: daSilva, Cláudio J.
name: Fiore, Carlos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulated tempering (ST) has attracted a great deal of attention in the last years, due to its capability to allow systems with complex dynamics to escape from regions separated by large entropic barriers. However its performance is strongly dependent on basic ingredients, such as the choice of the set of temperatures and their associated weights. Since the weight evaluations are not trivial tasks, an alternative approximated approach was proposed by Park and Pande (Phys. Rev. E {\bf 76}, 016703 (2007)) to circumvent this difficulty. Here we present a detailed study about this procedure by comparing its performance with exact (free-energy) weights and other methods, its dependence on the total replica number $R$ and on the temperature set. The ideas above are analyzed in four distinct lattice models presenting strong first-order phase transitions, hence constituting ideal examples in which the performance of algorithm is fundamental. In all cases, our results reveal that approximated weights work properly in the regime of larger $R$'s. On the other hand, for sufficiently small $R$ its performance is reduced and the systems do not cross properly the free-energy barriers. Finally, for estimating reliable temperature sets, we consider a simple protocol proposed at Comp. Phys. Comm. {\bf 128}, 2046 (2014).
description: Published online in Comp. Phys. Comm. (2015)
'Fit Moms/Mamás Activas' internet-based weight control program with group support to reduce postpartum weight retention in low-income women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Erickson, Karen E
name: Diamond, Molly
name: Tate, Deborah
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Background High postpartum weight retention is a strong independent risk factor for lifetime obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes in women. Interventions to promote postpartum weight loss have met with some success but have been limited by high attrition. Internet-based treatment has the potential to overcome this barrier and reduce postpartum weight retention, but no study has evaluated the effects of an internet-based program to prevent high postpartum weight retention in women. Methods/Design Fit Moms/Mamás Activas targets recruitment of 12 Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Supplemental Nutrition Program clinics with a total of 408 adult (>18 years), postpartum (<1 year) women with 14.5 kg or more weight retention or a body mass index of 25.0 kg/m2 or higher. Clinics are matched on size and randomly assigned within county to either a 12-month standard WIC intervention or to a 12-month WIC enhanced plus internet-based weight loss intervention. The intervention includes: monthly face-to-face group sessions; access to a website with weekly lessons, a web diary, instructional videos, and computer-tailored feedback; four weekly text messages; and brief reinforcement from WIC counselors. Participants are assessed at baseline, six months, and 12 months. The primary outcome is weight loss over six and 12 months; secondary outcomes include diet and physical activity behaviors, and psychosocial measures. Discussion Fit Moms/Mamás Activas is the first study to empirically examine the effects of an internet-based treatment program, coupled with monthly group contact at the WIC program, designed to prevent sustained postpartum weight retention in low-income women at high risk for weight gain, obesity, and related comorbidities. Trial registration This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01408147 ) on 29 July 2011.
A practical method for the analysis of meteor spectra
Creators: name: Dubs, Martin
name: Schlatter, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of meteor spectra (photographic, CCD or video recording) is complicated by the fact that spectra obtained with objective gratings are curved and have a nonlinear dispersion. In this paper it is shown that with a simple image transformation the spectra can be linearized in such a way that individual spectra over the whole image plane are parallel and have a constant, linear dispersion. This simplifies the identification and measurement of meteor spectral lines. A practical method is given to determine the required image transformation.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Euphorbia hirtella Boissier 1860
Creators: name: Hassemer, Gustavo
name: Silva, Otávio Luis Marques Da
name: Funez, Luís Adriano
name: Ernst, Madeleine
name: Cordeiro, Inês
name: Rønsted, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia
Euphorbia hirtella

description: Euphorbia hirtella Boissier (1860: 7)
 Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Without locality, F. Sello 1092 (G-00405796!; isolectotypes BR-000000510123!, P-00607254!) (Fig. 4).
 Photograph: — Fig. 5A.
 Distribution and habitat: — Euphorbia hirtella grows on disturbed environments and forest edges, in Uruguay, northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil (Smith et al. 1988, Berry et al. 2008). In SC this species has been collected in the municipalities of Lages and Urubici.
 Conservation status: —Least Concern (LC).
 Notes: —The protologue of this name gives the following type information: “In Brasiliâ australiori (Sellow ex herb. Berol. sub E. hypericifolia !)”. One sheet at Candolle’s herbarium (G-00405796; Fig. 4) matches the information in the protologue and is here designated as lectotype for E. hirtella. These small plant fragments must have been sent to Geneva from Berlin, as described in the protologue (“Sellow ex herb. Berol.”), and despite not having information on the collection date it must have been collected by Friedrich Sello (1789–1831) during his stay in Brazil and Uruguay (from 1814 until his death, by drowning in Rio Doce), and therefore must have been seen by Pierre Edmond Boissier (1810–1885) in Geneva before he published the name E. hirtella in 1860. Duplicates are housed at BR (BR-000000510123) and P (P-00607254); the duplicate originally kept at B was destroyed when this herbarium was bombed in March 1943 —a negative of this lost sheet is kept at F (F-BN-18053).
 Material examined: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Urubici, em frente a terreno com pasto, ao lado da Pousada Arco-Íris, 27°59’03.23”S 49°34’54.05”W, 891 m, 11 February 2016, L. A. Funez & G. Hassemer 4660 (FURB).
description: Published as part of Hassemer, Gustavo, Silva, Otávio Luis Marques Da, Funez, Luís Adriano, Ernst, Madeleine, Cordeiro, Inês & Rønsted, Nina, 2017, Updates on the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in Santa Catarina, Brazil, pp. 222-238 in Phytotaxa 298 (3) on page 230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13694128
title: A phantom for ultrasound guided low dose rate brachytherapy seed implant training
Creators: name: Smith, Ryan
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Brachytherapy
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: To design a simple cost effective phantom for the purpose of practical training in low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy seed implantation under ultrasound guidance. The Clinical Brachytherapy Workshop was held this year at The Alfred Hospital in...
$J=0$ fixed pole and $D$-term form factor in deeply virtual Compton scattering
Creators: name: Müller, Dieter
name: Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Kirill M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: S.~Brodsky, F.~J.~Llanes-Estrada, and A.~Szczepaniak emphasized the importance of the $J=0$ fixed pole manifestation in real and (deeply) virtual Compton scattering measurements and argued that the $J=0$ fixed pole is universal, {\it i.e.}, independent on the photon virtualities \cite{Brodsky:2008qu}. In this paper we review the $J=0$ fixed pole issue in deeply virtual Compton scattering. We employ the dispersive approach to derive the sum rule that connects the $J=0$ fixed pole contribution and the subtraction constant, called the $D$-term form factor for deeply virtual Compton scattering. We show that in the Bjorken limit the $J=0$ fixed pole universality hypothesis is equivalent to the conjecture that the $D$-term form factor is given by the inverse moment sum rule for the Compton form factor. This implies that the $D$-term is an inherent part of corresponding generalized parton distribution (GPD). Any supplementary $D$-term added to a GPD results in an additional $J=0$ fixed pole contribution and implies the violation of the universality hypothesis. We argue that there exists no theoretical proof for the $J=0$ fixed pole universality conjecture.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Fuzzy logic modelling to assess high resolution spatial urban climatic risk impact in Valparaiso, Chile
Creators: name: Alamos, Nicolás
name: Billi, Marco
name: Amigo, Catalina
name: Urquiza, Anahí
name: Winckler, Patricio
name: Larraguibel, Cristian
name: Contreras, Manuel
name: Muñoz, Ariel
name: Videla, Jose
name: Vargas, Viviana
name: Casanova, Jessica
name: Ugalde, Antonio
name: Valdebenito, Carlos
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Geography
subject: Climate change
subject: Fuzzy-logic
subject: High-risk maps
subject: Micro-zonification
subject: Risk
subject: Territorial planning
subject: Vulnerability

description: This collection of maps contains a set of 5 layers assessing the risk of the population of the Viña del Mar - Valparaiso conurbation (Chile) in the face of threats of extreme heat, storm surges, floods, forest fires and landslides. The maps have a resolution at the chilean census block level. The layers show as available attributes the overall level of risk and its components: threat (A), exposure (E), sensitivity (S) and response capacity (CR). To estimate the risk, the indices of A, E, S and CR are combined through a fuzzy logic methodology, which considers the use of causality rules co-constructed and validated with local experts and stakeholders. It should be considered that the values ​​presented by each census block on the maps represent an ordering of risk (and of A, E, S and CR), where higher values ​​indicate a greater risk than apples with lower values. The results are ordinal, ranging from mild, through moderately mild, to moderate, high or very high. Moreover, they are not absolute values, but rather relative to the specific case study and should not comparable or extrapolated to other study areas.
Laser-driven parametric instability and generation of entangled photon-plasmon states in graphene and topological insulators
Creators: name: Tokman, Mikhail
name: Wang, Yongrui
name: Oladyshkin, Ivan
name: Kutayiah, A. Ryan
name: Belyanin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a strong infrared laser beam obliquely incident on graphene can experience a parametric instability with respect to decay into lower-frequency (idler) photons and THz surface plasmons. The instability is due to a strong in-plane second-order nonlinear response of graphene which originates from its spatial dispersion. The parametric decay leads to efficient generation of THz plasmons and gives rise to quantum entanglement of idler photons and surface plasmon states. A similar process can be supported by surface states of topological insulators such as Bi$_2$Se$_3$.
description: The submission contains the paper and three figures
An organizing framework for informal caregiver interventions: detailing caregiving activities and caregiver and care recipient outcomes to optimize evaluation efforts
Creators: name: Weinberger, Morris
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2011

description: Abstract Background Caregiver interventions may help improve the quality of informal care. Yet the lack of a systematic framework specifying the targets and outcomes of caregiver interventions hampers our ability to understand what has been studied, to evaluate existing programs, and to inform the design of future programs. Our goal was to develop an organizing framework detailing the components of the caregiving activities and the caregiver and care recipient outcomes that should be affected by an intervention. In so doing, we characterize what has been measured in the published literature to date and what should be measured in future studies to enable comparisons across interventions and across time. Methods Our data set comprises 121 reports of caregiver interventions conducted in the United States and published between 2000 and 2009. We extracted information on variables that have been examined as primary and secondary outcomes. These variables were grouped into categories, which then informed the organizing framework. We calculated the frequency with which the interventions examined each framework component to identify areas about which we have the most knowledge and under-studied areas that deserve attention in future research. Results The framework stipulates that caregiver interventions seek to change caregiving activities, which in turn affect caregiver and care recipient outcomes. The most frequently assessed variables have been caregiver psychological outcomes (especially depression and burden) and care recipient physical and health care use outcomes. Conclusions Based on the organizing framework, we make three key recommendations to guide interventions and inform research and policy. First, all intervention studies should assess quality and/or quantity of caregiving activities to help understand to what extent and how well the intervention worked. Second, intervention studies should assess a broad range of caregiver and care recipient outcomes, including considering whether expanding to economic status and health care use of the caregiver can be accommodated, to ease subsequent economic evaluations of caregiving. Third, intervention studies should measure a common set of outcomes to facilitate cross-time and cross-study comparisons of effectiveness.
title: MRI guided breast intervention, imaging and histological correlation
Creators: name: Rezai, Shohreh
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: MR
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer
subject: Pathology

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the result of MRI guided breast interventions performed from January 2010 to July 2012 in our medical imaging centre Queensland X-Ray Australia. The aim of this study was to correlate the imaging...
title: A quality audit and clinical correlation of CTPA's on a 64 Slice CT scanner in a regional teaching hospital in Australia
Creators: name: Mander, Gordon
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pulmonary vessels
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Pulmonary embolism has historically been a common cause of in-hospital mortality (1) . The introduction of CTPA has greatly improved diagnostic accuracy of this condition and patient outcome. A number of factors contribute to a successful diagnostic...
A Distaste for the Inputs of Ethnic minority Parents, Teachers, or Principals
Creators: name: Olsen, Asmus
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: A set of discrete choice experiment fielded in a large sample of parents with kids enrolled (or soon to be) in primary school. The experiments focus on how advice giving from ethnic minority or majority parents, teachers or principals affect the school choice of ethnic majority parents. This is the first version of this pre-registration. This version has been uploaded on March 24, 2022. No data has been collected prior to this document being uploaded. Data collection is planned to begin on March 25 (2022) and we expect it to run for about a month.
Family planning knowledge, experiences and reproductive desires among women who had experienced a poor obstetric outcome in Lilongwe Malawi: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Tang, Jennifer H
name: Tsidya, Mercy
name: Kopp, Dawn M
name: Bula, Agatha
name: Chinula, Lameck
name: Maman, Suzanne
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Perinatal mortality is unacceptably high in low-income countries, including Malawi. Use of family planning to encourage birth spacing may optimize outcomes for subsequent pregnancies. However, the reproductive desires and family planning knowledge of women who have experienced a stillbirth or neonatal death in resource-poor settings are not well understood.
                Methods
                We examined family planning knowledge, contraceptive practices and barrier to contraceptive use among women who had experienced a poor obstetric outcome at Bwaila Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. We performed individual in-depth interviews or through focus group discussion with women who had experienced a stillbirth or early neonatal death, 4–8 weeks after their delivery. NVivo software was used to analyze data for recurrent patterns and themes, and central ideas were extracted to identify the data’s core meanings.
                Results
                We interviewed 46 women who had experienced a poor obstetric outcome. Overall, women were aware of both modern and traditional family planning methods, and the majority were in favour of modern versus traditional methods. They also had knowledge about risks for future complications if they have a short inter-pregnancy interval. However, they faced conflict about whether to use family planning methods for their health, as suggested by their relatives and friends, or to have another child to fulfil their husband’s desire, especially among those with no living child. Some had fear about side effects, while others were concerned that use of family planning methods without involving the husband could bring misunderstandings within the family. A number of women had misconceptions about family planning methods, which also served as a barrier to their use.
                Conclusion
                Although women with a poor obstetric outcome are aware of modern family planning and its health benefits after their delivery, their decision to use a method is complicated by their own desire to protect their own health and the husband’s desire for a child, particularly among those women with no living children coupled with fear of side effects and misconceptions. These findings suggest the importance of counselling both the affected woman and her husband about the benefits of family planning use, even after a poor obstetric outcome, to jointly choose the method they feel comfortable to use and dispel any misconceptions.
                Trial registration
                Clinicaltrials.gov 
                    NCT02674542
                  .
title: Applications and technical limitations of sonoelastography in the assessment of Achilles tendon injuries
Creators: name: Ooi, Chin Chin
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artifacts
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Elastography
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Injury to a tendon leads to alterations inthe mechanical properties.Sonoelastography (SE) is a relatively new, non-invasive ultrasound (US) based technique that evaluates the mechanical properties of tendons in addition to the existing morphological...
A comparison of black hole growth in galaxy mergers with Gasoline and Ramses
Creators: name: Gabor, J. M.
name: Capelo, Pedro R.
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Bournaud, Frédéric
name: Bellovary, Jillian
name: Governato, Fabio
name: Quinn, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black hole dynamics during galaxy mergers is crucial in determining the rate of black hole mergers and cosmic black hole growth. As simulations achieve higher resolution, it becomes important to assess whether the black hole dynamics is influenced by the treatment of the interstellar medium in different simulation codes. We here compare simulations of black hole growth in galaxy mergers with two codes: the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code Gasoline, and the Adaptive Mesh Refinement code Ramses. We seek to identify predictions of these models that are robust despite differences in hydrodynamic methods and implementations of sub-grid physics. We find that the general behavior is consistent between codes. Black hole accretion is minimal while the galaxies are well-separated (and even as they "fly-by" within 10 kpc at first pericenter). At late stages, when the galaxies pass within a few kpc, tidal torques drive nuclear gas inflow that triggers bursts of black hole accretion accompanied by star formation. We also note quantitative discrepancies that are model-dependent: our Ramses simulations show less star formation and black hole growth, and a smoother gas distribution with larger clumps and filaments, than our Gasoline simulations. We attribute these differences primarily to the sub-grid models for black hole fueling and feedback and gas thermodynamics. The main conclusion is that differences exist quantitatively between codes, and this should be kept in mind when making comparisons with observations. However, reassuringly, both codes capture the same dynamical behaviors in terms of triggering of black hole accretion, star formation, and black hole dynamics.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to A&A. Comments welcome
Why People Vote for Thin-Centred Ideology Parties? A Multi-Level Multi-Country Test of Individual and Aggregate Level Predictors
Creators: name: Eraslan, Ertugrul
name: Cakal, Huseyin
name: Altinisik, Yasin
name: Gokcekus, Omer
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: corruption perceptions
subject: human development
subject: national identity
subject: political participation
subject: trust

description: The present research investigates the individual and aggregate level determinants of support for thin-centred ideology parties across 23 European countries. Employing a multilevel modelling approach, we analysed European Social Survey data round 7 2014 (N = 44000). Our findings show that stronger identification with one’s country and confidence in one’s ability to influence the politics positively but perceiving the system as satisfactory and responsive; trusting the institutions and people, and having positive attitudes toward minorities, i.e., immigrants and refugees, negatively predict support for populist and single issue parties. The level of human development and perceptions of corruption at the country level moderate these effects. Thus, we provide the first evidence that the populist surge is triggered by populist actors’ capacity to simultaneously invoke vertical, “ordinary” people against “the elites”, and horizontal, “us” against “threatening aliens”, categories of people as well as the sovereignty of majority over minorities. These categories and underlying social psychological processes of confidence, trust, and threats are moderated by the general level of human development and corruption perceptions in a country. It is, therefore, likely that voting for populist parties will increase as the liberally democratic countries continue to prosper and offer better opportunities for human development. Stronger emphasis on safeguarding the integrity of the economic and democratic institutions, as our findings imply, and preserving their ethical and honest, i.e., un-corrupt, nature can keep this surge under check.
title: Perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage
Creators: name: Ratnayake, Manusha
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Head and neck
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Catheters
subject: Haemorrhage

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To recognise the distinct clinical entity known as the Perimesencephalic...
On the fragility of nuclear stellar discs against galaxy mergers: surviving photometric and kinematic signatures of nuclear discs
Creators: name: Sarzi, M.
name: Ledo, H. R.
name: Dotti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear stellar discs (NSDs) can help to constrain the assembly history of their host galaxies, as long as we can assume them to be fragile structures that are disrupted during merger events. In this work we investigate the fragility of NSDs by means of N-body simulations reproducing the last phases of a galaxy encounter, when the nuclear regions of the two galaxies merge. For this, we exposed a NSD set in the gravitational potential of the bulge and supermassive black hole of a primary galaxy to the impact of the supermassive black hole from a secondary galaxy. We explored merger events of different mass ratios, from major mergers with a 1:1 mass ratio to intermediate and minor interactions with 1:5 and 1:10 ratios, while considering various impact geometries. We analyse the end results of such mergers from different viewing angles and looked for possible photometric and kinematic signatures of the presence of a disc in the remnant surface density and velocity maps, while adopting detection limits from real observations. Our simulations show that indeed NSDs are fragile against major mergers, which leave little trace of NSDs both in images and velocity maps, while signatures of a disc can be found in the majority of the intermediate to minor-merger remnants and in particular when looking at their kinematics. These results show that NSDs could allow to distinguish between these two modes of galaxy assembly, which may indeed pertain to different kinds of galaxies or galactic environments.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS
Using Socrative to Enhance In-Class Student Engagement and Collaboration
Creators: name: Dakka, Sam M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.1.2

description: Learning and teaching experiment was designed to incorporate SRS Student Response System to measure and assess student engagement in higher education for level 5 engineering students. The SRS system was based on getting an immediate student feedback to short quizzes lasting 10 to 15 minutes using Socrative software. The structure of the questions was a blend of true or false, multiple choice and short answer questions. The experiment was conducted through semester 2 of yearlong engineering module. The outcome of the experiment was analyzed quantitatively based on student performance and qualitatively through student questionnaire. The results indicate that using student paced assessments method using Socrative enhanced students performance. The results showed that 53% of the students improved their performance while 23% neither improved nor underperformed. Qualitative data showed students felt improvement in their learning experience. Overall results indicate positive impact using this technology in teaching and learning for engineering modules in higher education
Modelling Accretion Disk and Stellar Wind Interactions: the Case of Sgr A*
Creators: name: Christie, I. M.
name: Petropoulou, M.
name: Mimica, P.
name: Giannios, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sgr A* is an ideal target to study low-luminosity accreting systems. It has been recently proposed that properties of the accretion flow around Sgr A* can be probed through its interactions with the stellar wind of nearby massive stars belonging to the S-cluster. When a star intercepts the accretion disk, the ram and thermal pressures of the disk terminate the stellar wind leading to the formation of a bow shock structure. Here, a semi-analytical model is constructed which describes the geometry of the termination shock formed in the wind. With the employment of numerical hydrodynamic simulations, this model is both verified and extended to a region prone to Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Because the characteristic wind and stellar velocities are in $\sim10^{8}$ cm s$^{-1}$ range, the shocked wind may produce detectable X-rays via thermal bremsstrahlung emission. The application of this model to the pericenter passage of S2, the brightest member of the S-cluster, shows that the shocked wind produces roughly a month long X-ray flare with a peak luminosity of $L\approx 4 \times 10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$ for a stellar mass-loss rate, disk number density, and thermal pressure strength of $\dot{M}_{\rm w}= 10^{-7} M_\odot\, {\rm yr}^{-1}$, $n_{\rm d} = 10^{5}$ cm$^{-3}$, and $α=0.1$, respectively. This peak luminosity is comparable to the quiescent X-ray emission detected from Sgr A* and is within the detection capabilities of current X-ray observatories. Its detection could constrain the density and thickness of the disk at a distance of $\sim 3000$ gravitational radii from the supermassive black hole.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted by MNRAS