cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Entanglement Breaking Channels, Stochastic Matrices, and Primitivity
Creators: name: Ahiable, Jennifer
name: Kribs, David W.
name: Levick, Jeremy
name: Pereira, Rajesh
name: Rahaman, Mizanur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the important class of quantum operations (completely positive trace-preserving maps) called entanglement breaking channels. We show how every such channel induces stochastic matrix representations that have the same non-zero spectrum as the channel. We then use this to investigate when entanglement breaking channels are primitive, and prove this depends on primitivity of the matrix representations. This in turn leads to tight bounds on the primitivity index of entanglement breaking channels in terms of the primitivity index of the associated stochastic matrices. We also present examples and discuss open problems generated by the work.
A History of Solar Activity over Millennia
Creators: name: Usoskin, Ilya G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Presented here is a review of present knowledge of the long-term behavior of solar activity on a multi-millennial timescale, as reconstructed using the indirect proxy method. The concept of solar activity is discussed along with an overview of the special indices used to quantify different aspects of variable solar activity, with special emphasis upon sunspot number. Over long timescales, quantitative information about past solar activity can only be obtained using a method based upon indirect proxies, such as the cosmogenic isotopes \super{14}C and \super{10}Be in natural stratified archives (e.g., tree rings or ice cores). We give an historical overview of the development of the proxy-based method for past solar-activity reconstruction over millennia, as well as a description of the modern state. Special attention is paid to the verification and cross-calibration of reconstructions. It is argued that this method of cosmogenic isotopes makes a solid basis for studies of solar variability in the past on a long timescale (centuries to millennia) during the Holocene. A separate section is devoted to reconstructions of strong solar energetic-particle (SEP) events in the past, that suggest that the present-day average SEP flux is broadly consistent with estimates on longer timescales, and that the occurrence of extra-strong events is unlikely. Finally, the main features of the long-term evolution of solar magnetic activity, including the statistics of grand minima and maxima occurrence, are summarized and their possible implications, especially for solar/stellar dynamo theory, are discussed.
description: A review, 91 pages, 28 figures. available online at http://solarphysics.livingreviews.org/Articles/lrsp-2013-1/
Does a long-lived remnant neutron star exist after short gamma-ray burst GRB 160821B?
Creators: name: Wu, Guang-Lei
name: Yu, Yun-Wei
name: Zhu, Jin-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers of double neutron stars (DNSs) could lead to the formation of a long-lived massive remnant NS, which has been previously suggested to explain the AT 2017gfo kilonova emission in the famous GW170817 event. For an NS-affected kilonova, it is expected that a non-thermal emission component can be contributed by a pulsar wind nebula (PWN), which results from the interaction of the wind from the remnant NS with the preceding merger ejecta. Then, the discovery of such a non-thermal PWN emission can provide an evidence for the existence of the remnant NS. Similar to GRB 170817A, GRB 160821B is also one of the nearest short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). A candidate kilonova is widely believed to appear in the ultraviolet-optical-infrared afterglows of GRB 160821B. Here, by modeling the afterglow light curves and spectra of GRB 160821B, we find that the invoking of a non-thermal PWN emission can indeed be well consistent with the observational data. This may indicate that the formation of a stable massive NS could be not rare in the DNS merger events and, thus, the equation of state of the post-merger NSs should be stiff enough.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
The masses and radii of HD186753B and TYC7096-222-1B: the discovery of two M-dwarfs that eclipse A-type stars
Creators: name: Bentley, S. J.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Wilson, D. M.
name: Anderson, D. R.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Gillon, M.
name: Hebb, L.
name: Pollacco, D. L.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Triaud, A. H. M. J.
name: West, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of two new single-lined eclipsing binaries, both consisting of an Am star and an M-dwarf, discovered by the Wide Angle Search for Planets transit photometry survey. Using WASP photometry and spectroscopic measurements we find that HD186753B has an orbital period of P=1.9194 days, a mass of M=0.24 +/- 0.02 M_sun and radius of R=0.31 +/- 0.06 R_sun; and that TCY7096-222-1B has an orbital period of P=8.9582 days, a mass between 0.29 and 0.54 M_sun depending on eccentricity and radius of R=0.263+0.02-0.07 R_sun. We find that the Am stars have relatively low rotational velocities that closely match the orbital velocities of the M-dwarfs, suggesting that they have been "spun-down" by the M-dwarfs.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
Shaping agricultural policies in the Anthropocene era: what can we learn from the DPSIR framework?
Creators: name: Lhermie, Guillaume
Publisher: name: The School of Public Policy Publications
Year: 2021

description: The global agricultural sector often doesn’t get the attention it deserves, usually because of its secondary economic importance and because no major structural shifts in demand for agricultural commodities are expected. However, there is considerable variation between high-income and developing countries. If the world is to meet the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, seven of which are closely related to agriculture, then the effects of agricultural production on local cultures, societies and environments need careful consideration. Applying the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework helps in understanding interactions between actors and sectors, and overall in better designing agricultural policies. The DPSIR framework is a holistic approach to policy created by the European Environment Agency that facilitates the identification and description of processes and interactions in human-environmental systems. DPSIR recognizes agriculture as being multi-functional. The agricultural sector not only produces food, it also provides ecosystem services like pollination, pest control, soil conservation and biodiversity. Drivers such as food production, recreation and tourism, fulfil human needs but put pressure on the environment. Pressures are physical changes in the environment in response to drivers. These can range from land-use shifts to disease outbreaks to climate change. States are the sum of societal, economic and environmental functions measured with indicators. Measurements include a vast range of factors, including air and water quality, as well as job security, human well-being and agricultural production. Impacts are a direct result of changes in state for both the economy (e.g., employment, income, prices) and the environment (e.g., environmental damage, emissions, land improvement). Responses are intended to modify outcomes by changing human actions and mitigating undesirable results. Responses could be anything from reforming agricultural policies to designating protected areas to restricting emissions. DPSIR’s main tenet is that human societies and nature are interdependent. Since agriculture involves externalities associated with production and consumption, it’s important for policy-makers to adopt a systemic approach. DPSIR doesn’t directly consider ethics and equity. Some agricultural externalities are not constrained by borders and others affect future generations, so these factors must also be taken into account. Reliable, shared metrics must be carefully chosen and publicly available data are necessary to evaluate program outcomes.
description: The School of Public Policy Publications, Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021)
Computing Networks: A General Framework to Contrast Neural and Swarm Cognitions
Creators: name: Gershenson, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.1.1; I.2.0; H.1.1

description: This paper presents the Computing Networks (CNs) framework. CNs are used to generalize neural and swarm architectures. Artificial neural networks, ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization, and realistic biological models are used as examples of instantiations of CNs. The description of these architectures as CNs allows their comparison. Their differences and similarities allow the identification of properties that enable neural and swarm architectures to perform complex computations and exhibit complex cognitive abilities. In this context, the most relevant characteristics of CNs are the existence multiple dynamical and functional scales. The relationship between multiple dynamical and functional scales with adaptation, cognition (of brains and swarms) and computation is discussed.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
LQP: The Dynamic Logic of Quantum Information
Creators: name: Baltag, Alexandru
name: Smets, Sonja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1; F.3.0; F.4.1
subject: 03G12, 68Q60, 03B45, 81P10

description: The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a dynamic logic formalism for reasoning about information flow in composite quantum systems. This builds on our previous work on a complete quantum dynamic logic for single systems. Here we extend that work to a sound (but not necessarily complete) logic for composite systems, which brings together ideas from the quantum logic tradition with concepts from (dynamic) modal logic and from quantum computation. This Logic of Quantum Programs (LQP) is capable of expressing important features of quantum measurements and unitary evolutions of multi-partite states, as well as giving logical characterisations to various forms of entanglement (for example, the Bell states, the GHZ states etc.). We present a finitary syntax, a relational semantics and a sound proof system for this logic. As applications, we use our system to give formal correctness proofs for the Teleportation protocol and for a standard Quantum Secret Sharing protocol; a whole range of other quantum circuits and programs, including other well-known protocols (for example, superdense coding, entanglement swapping, logic-gate teleportation etc.), can be similarly verified using our logic.
description: 45 pages, this paper is a revision and extension of Baltag and Smets' paper on 'The Logic of Quantum Programs'. The paper on 'The Logic of Quantum Programs' appeared in the proceedings of QPL2004, the 2nd International Workshop on Quantum Programming Languages (TUCS General Publication No 33, Turku Center for Computer Science, 2004). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.06792
Paleosecular variation of the magnetic field recorded in Pleistocene-holocene volcanics from Pantelleria (italy) and Azores archipelago (portugal): implications for local volcanic history
Creators: name: Di Chiara, Anita <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2013
Subjects: GEO/10 Geofisica della terra solida

description: The primary goal of volcanological studies is to reconstruct the eruptive history of active volcanoes, by correlating and dating volcanic deposits, in order to depict a future scenario and determine the volcanic hazard of an area. However, alternative methods are necessary where the lack of outcrops, the deposit variability and discontinuity make the correlation difficult, and suitable materials for an accurate dating lack. In this thesis, paleomagnetism (a branch of Geophysics studying the remanent magnetization preserved in rocks) is used as a correlating and dating tool. The correlation is based on the assumption that coeval rocks record similar paleomagnetic directions; the dating relies upon the comparison between paleomagnetic directions recorded by rocks with the expected values from references Paleo-Secular Variation curves (PSV, the variation of the geomagnetic field along time).  I first used paleomagnetism to refine the knowledge of the pre – 50 ka geologic history of the Pantelleria island (Strait of Sicily, Italy), by correlating five ignimbrites and two breccias deposits emplaced during that period. Since the use of the paleomagnetic dating is limited by the availability of PSV curves for the studied area, I firstly recovered both paleomagnetic directions and intensities (using a modified Thellier method) from radiocarbon dated lava flows in São Miguel (Azores Islands, Portugal), reconstructing the first PSV reference curve for the Atlantic Ocean for the last 3 ka. Afterwards, I applied paleomagnetism to unravel the chronology and characteristics of Holocene volcanic activity at Faial (Azores) where geochronological age constraints lack. I correlated scoria cones and lava flows yielded by the same eruption on the Capelo Peninsula and dated eruptive events (by comparing paleomagnetic directions with PSV from France and United Kingdom), finding that the volcanics exposed at the Capelo Peninsula are younger than previously believed, and entirely comprised in the last 4 ka.
Local Conditions and Rates of Homelessness in Canada
Creators: name: Kneebone, Ronald
name: Wilkins, Margarita
Publisher: name: The School of Public Policy Publications
Year: 2021

description: According to recent estimates (ESDC, 2019a), on an average night in 2016, over 14,000 people slept in an emergency homeless shelter in Canada. In that year, approximately 129,000 Canadians stayed at least one night in an emergency shelter. This number is relatively easy to determine because providers know the number of people sleeping in their shelters each night. But many more people than this experience homelessness. Their experience with homelessness means sleeping rough on the street or in locations unfit for human habitation. This latter group of people, those experiencing what is referred to as unsheltered homelessness, is rather more difficult to enumerate. An accurate count of the number of people experiencing homelessness is difficult for this reason. It is especially difficult when the goal is to derive a national estimate of the total number of people experiencing homelessness.
description: The School of Public Policy Publications, Vol. 14 No. 1 (2021)
A bound on 6D N=1 supergravities
Creators: name: Kumar, Vijay
name: Taylor, Washington
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that there are only finitely many distinct semi-simple gauge groups and matter representations possible in consistent 6D chiral (1,0) supergravity theories with one tensor multiplet. The proof relies only on features of the low-energy theory; the consistency conditions we impose are that anomalies should be cancelled by the Green-Schwarz mechanism, and that the kinetic terms for all fields should be positive in some region of moduli space. This result does not apply to the case of the non-chiral (1,1) supergravities, which are not constrained by anomaly cancellation.
description: 23 pages, no figures; two paragraphs added to the proof in Appendix A covering the SU(2) and SU(3) case, other minor corrections
Automating Privilege Escalation with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Kujanpää, Kalle
name: Victor, Willie
name: Ilin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: AI-based defensive solutions are necessary to defend networks and information assets against intelligent automated attacks. Gathering enough realistic data for training machine learning-based defenses is a significant practical challenge. An intelligent red teaming agent capable of performing realistic attacks can alleviate this problem. However, there is little scientific evidence demonstrating the feasibility of fully automated attacks using machine learning. In this work, we exemplify the potential threat of malicious actors using deep reinforcement learning to train automated agents. We present an agent that uses a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithm to perform local privilege escalation. Our results show that the autonomous agent can escalate privileges in a Windows 7 environment using a wide variety of different techniques depending on the environment configuration it encounters. Hence, our agent is usable for generating realistic attack sensor data for training and evaluating intrusion detection systems.
description: To appear at AISec'21 (aisec.cc)
The entropy in finite $N$-unit nonextensive systems: the ordinary average and $q$-average
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discussed the Tsallis entropy in finite $N$-unit nonextensive systems, by using the multivariate $q$-Gaussian probability distribution functions (PDFs) derived by the maximum entropy methods with the normal average and the $q$-average ($q$: the entropic index). The Tsallis entropy obtained by the $q$-average has an exponential $N$ dependence: $S_q^{(N)}/N \simeq \:e^{(1-q)N \:S_1^{(1)}} $ for large $N$ ($\gg \frac{1}{(1-q)} >0$). In contrast, the Tsallis entropy obtained by the normal average is given by $S_q^{(N)}/N \simeq [1/(q-1)N]$ for large $N$ ($\gg \frac{1}{(q-1)} > 0)$. $N$ dependences of the Tsallis entropy obtained by the $q$- and normal averages are generally quite different, although the both results are in fairly good agreement for $\vert q-1 \vert \ll 1.0$. The validity of the factorization approximation to PDFs which has been commonly adopted in the literature, has been examined. We have calculated correlations defined by $C_m= \langle (δx_i \:δx_j)^m \rangle -\langle (δx_i)^m \rangle\: \langle (δx_j)^m \rangle$ for $i \neq j$ where $δx_i=x_i -\langle x_i \rangle$, and the bracket $\langle \cdot \rangle$ stands for the normal and $q$-averages. The first-order correlation ($m=1$) expresses the intrinsic correlation and higher-order correlations with $m \geq 2$ include nonextensivity-induced correlation, whose physical origin is elucidated in the superstatistics.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures: the final version accepted in J. Math. Phys
A Bayesian approach to the probability of coronary heart disease subject to the --308 tumor necrosis factor-$α$ SNP
Creators: name: Vourvouhaki, Ekaterini
name: Carvalho, C. Sofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the correlation of the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) with the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the -308 position of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$α$) gene. We also consider the influence of the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (t2DM). Using Bayesian inference, we first pursue a bottom-up approach to compute the working hypothesis and the probabilities derivable from the data. We then pursue a top-down approach by modelling the signal pathway that causally connects the SNP with the emergence of CHD. We compute the functional form of the probability of CHD conditional on the presence of the SNP in terms of both the statistical and biochemical properties of the system. From the probability of occurrence of a disease conditional on a given risk factor, we explore the possibility of extracting information on the pathways involved in the occurrence of the disease. This is a first study that we want to systematise into a comprehensive formalism to be applied to the inference of the mechanism connecting the risk factors to the disease.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in J.Biosystems
A detailed study of charm content of a proton in the frameworks of the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin and Martin-Ryskin-Watt approaches
Creators: name: Olanj, N.
name: Modarres, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charm structure function, ($F_2^{c\overline{c}}(x, Q^2)$), is calculated in the framework of the $k_t$-factorization formalism by using the unintegrated parton distribution functions (UPDF), which are generated through the Kimber et al. (KMR) and Martin et al. (MRW) procedures. The Martin group (MMHT2014) parton distribution functions (PDF) is used as the input PDF for the corresponding UPDF. The resulted $F_2^{c\overline{c}}(x, Q^2)$ is compared with the predicted data and the calculations given by the ZEUS and H1 collaborations, the parton pQCD theory, i.e. the general-mass variable-flavour-number scheme (GMVFNS), the LO collinear procedure and the saturation model introduced by Golec-Biernat and Wüsthoff (GBW), respectively. In general, it is shown that the calculated charm structure functions based on the stated above two UPDF schemes are consistent with the experimental data and other theoretical predictions. Also, a short discussion is presented regarding the KMR and MRW UPDF behaviors.
Effects of a nursing intervention utilizing personal decision-making on adherence to diet and fluid restrictions by hemodialysis patients
Creators: name: McCormick, Janice Lyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An experimental study was undertaken to answer the question posed by the problem: "Does a nursing intervention which utilizes a decisionmaking model to assist patients in establishing personal goals for adherence to fluid and potassium restrictions significantly decrease weight gains between dialyses and pre-dialysis serum potassium levels, compared with the values for these variables in a control group which does not have the intervention?" Sixteen chronic hemodialysis patients from one large teaching hospital were selected according to pre-established criteria, and then randomly assigned to either experimental or control conditions. The Experimental group was exposed to the nursing intervention, which was the independent variable. The nursing intervention consisted of an initial interview, during which the patients completed a Balance Sheet Procedure, and established personal goals for weight gain between dialyses and pre-dialysis serum potassium levels. Thereafter, for a period of five weeks, the patients in the Experimental group completed a Well-Being Rating Scale at each dialysis and charted their progress toward their goals on a Progress Sheet. The dependent variables were between dialyses weight gains and pre-dialysis serum potassium levels. Data Pertaining to the dependent variables were collected on both Experimental and Control patients in all three phases of the study: the six month Pre-Intervention Phase, the five week Intervention Phase, and the three week Follow-Up Phase. The Theoretical Framework on which the study was based is Jam's and Mann's Conflict Theory (1968), and their Balance Sheet Procedure, which was used to facilitate personal decision-making and goal setting by patients in relation to between dialyses weight gains and pre-dialysis serum potassium levels. The results indicated that the Experimental group obtained significantly lower pre-dialysis serum potassium levels during the Intervention Phase than the Control group, but there were no significant differences between the two groups in weight gains between dialyses. The Well-Being Rating Scales completed by the Experimental patients indicated that well-being tended to increase slightly over the study period, and was significantly related to the achievement of the goals the patient had established for weight gains and potassium levels. A negative correlation was found between well-being and weight gain. The implications of these findings for the nursing care of hemodialysis patients are discussed, and recommendations for further research are presented.
Reconstruction of the Electron-Phonon Interaction Function for Superconductors Using Inhomogeneous Point-Contacts and Background Correction in Yanson Spectra
Creators: name: Bobrov, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of inhomogeneous niobium point-contacts in the superconducting stata for reconstructing the electron-phonon interaction function is considered. The method is based on the use of the nonlinearity of current-voltage curve, which is due to the inelastic processes of suppressing excess point contact current when nonequilibrium phonons are scattered from the electrons undergoing Andreev reflection. A new model of background occurrence in point-contact Yanson spectra and some ways to correct this background are proposed.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Heat conduction properties of industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Carbon nanotubes exhibit faster phonon transport than diamond, which was previously recognized as the best thermal conductor, and the electric current-carrying capacity of carbon nanotubes is approximately four orders of magnitude higher than that of copper. The Young's modulus of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (a measure of their elasticity, or ability to recover from stretching or compression) is estimated by researchers to be greater than that of carbon fibres by a factor of 5 to 10. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are capable of readily absorbing loads via a sequence of reversible elastic deformations, such as buckling or kinking, in which the bonds between carbon atoms remain intact. As for thermal properties, carbon nanotubes outperform diamond as the best thermal conductor. Applications of carbon nanotubes are aimed to make use of their unique properties to solve problems at the nanoscale. Their high surface area, together with the unique ability to carry any chemical compounds after surface modification, offers carbon nanotubes the potential to be used as nanoscale catalyst supports with high catalytic reactivity and chemical sensors. They are known to be the best field emitters due to their sharp tips, which can concentrate electric field easily, enabling them to emit electrons at low voltages. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Thermodynamics of the Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström black holes under higher-order generalized uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Hassanabadi, S.
name: Kříž, J.
name: Chung, W. S.
name: Lütfüoğlu, B. C.
name: Maghsoodi, E.
name: Hassanabadi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this manuscript, the modification of thermodynamic properties of Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström black holes in the presence of higher-order generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) have been investigated. We considered heuristic analysis versus the behavior of a particle that is absorbed by the black hole, and then, we studied the thermodynamic properties of the black holes such as temperature-mass, temperature-charge-mass, entropy, and heat capacity functions up to the first and second-order of the GUP parameter. We compared the behaviors of the GUP-corrected thermodynamic properties for both black holes with graphical methods.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Measuring Slepton Masses and Mixings at the LHC
Creators: name: Feng, Jonathan L.
name: French, Sky T.
name: Galon, Iftah
name: Lester, Christopher G.
name: Nir, Yosef
name: Shadmi, Yael
name: Sanford, David
name: Yu, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flavor physics may help us understand theories beyond the standard model. In the context of supersymmetry, if we can measure the masses and mixings of sleptons and squarks, we may learn something about supersymmetry and supersymmetry breaking. Here we consider a hybrid gauge-gravity supersymmetric model in which the observed masses and mixings of the standard model leptons are explained by a U(1) x U(1) flavor symmetry. In the supersymmetric sector, the charged sleptons have reasonably large flavor mixings, and the lightest is metastable. As a result, supersymmetric events are characterized not by missing energy, but by heavy metastable charged particles. Many supersymmetric events are therefore fully reconstructible, and we can reconstruct most of the charged sleptons by working up the long supersymmetric decay chains. We obtain promising results for both masses and mixings, and conclude that, given a favorable model, precise measurements at the LHC may help shed light not only on new physics, but also on the standard model flavor parameters.
description: 24 pages; v2: fixed a typo in our computer program that led to some miscalculated branching ratios, various clarifications and minor improvements, conclusions unchanged, published version
Development of new therapeutic approaches in the treatments of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: functional food and nutraceuticals vs synthetic peptides based vaccines
Sviluppo di nuovi approcci terapeutici nelle Malattie Infiammatorie dell'intestino:cibi funzionali e nutraceutci vs vaccini a base di peptidi sintetici
Creators: name: Roda, Giulia <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2013
Subjects: MED/12 Gastroenterologia

description: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are intestinal chronic relapsing diseases which ethiopathogenesis remains uncertain. Several group have attempted to study the role of factors involved such as genetic susceptibility, environmental factors such as smoke, diet, sex, immunological factors as well as the microbioma. None of the treatments available satisfy several criteria at the same time such as safety, long-term remission, histopatological healing, and specificity. 
We used two different approaches for the development of new therapeutic treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
The first is focused on the understanding of the potential role of functional food and nutraceuticals nutrients in the treatment of IBD. To do so, we investigated the role of Curcuma longa in the treatment of chemical induced colitis in mice model. Since Curcma Longa has been investigated for its antinflammatory role related to the TNFα pathway as well investigators have reported few cases of patients with ulcerative colites treated with this herbs, we harbored the hypothesis of a role of Curcuma Longa in the treatment f IBD as well as we decided to assess its role in intestinal motility.
The second part is based on an immunological approach to develop new drugs to induce suppression in Crohn’s disease or to induce mucosa immunity such as in colonrectal tumor. The main idea behind this approach is that we could manipulate relevant cell-cell interactions using synthetic peptides. We demonstrated the role of the unique interaction between molecules expressed on intestinal epithelial cells such as CD1d and CEACAM5 and on CD8+ T cells. In normal condition this interaction has a role for the expansion of the suppressor CD8+ T cells. Here, we characterized this interaction, we defined which are the epitope involved in the binding and we attempted to develop synthetic peptides from the N domain of CEACAM5 in order to manipulate it.
Aging to Equilibrium Dynamics of SiO2
Creators: name: Vollmayr-Lee, K.
name: Roman, J. A.
name: Horbach, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics computer simulations are used to study the aging dynamics of SiO2 (modeled by the BKS model). Starting from fully equilibrated configurations at high temperatures T_i =5000K/3760K the system is quenched to lower temperatures T_f=2500K, 2750K, 3000K, 3250K and observed after a waiting time t_w. Since the simulation runs are long enough to reach equilibrium at T_f, we are able to study the transition from out-of-equilibrium to equilibrium dynamics. We present results for the partial structure factors, for the generalized incoherent intermediate scattering function C_q(t_w, t_w+t), and for the mean square displacement msd(t_w,t_w+t). We conclude that there are three different t_w regions: (I) At very short waiting times, C_q(t_w, t_w+t) decays very fast without forming a plateau. Similarly msd(t_w,t_w+t) increases without forming a plateau. (II) With increasing t_w a plateau develops in C_q(t_w, t_w+t) and msd(t_w,t_w+t). For intermediate waiting times the plateau height is independent of t_w and T_i. Time superposition applies, i.e. C_q=C_q(t/t_r) where t_r=t_r(t_w) is a waiting time dependent decay time. Furthermore C_q=C(q,t_w,t_w+t) scales as C_q=C(q,z(t_w,t) where z is a function of t_w and t only, i.e. independent of q. (III) At large t_w the system reaches equilibrium, i.e. C_q(t_w,t_w+t) and msd(t_w,t_w+t) are independent of t_w and T_i. For C_q(t_w,t_w+t) we find that the time superposition of intermediate waiting times (II) includes the equilibrium curve (III).
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, submission to PRE
A note on uncertainty relations of arbitrary N quantum channels
Creators: name: Zhang, Qing-Hua
name: Wu, Jing-Feng
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Pxx

description: Uncertainty principle plays a vital role in quantum physics. The Wigner-Yanase skew information characterizes the uncertainty of an observable with respect to the measured state. We generalize the uncertainty relations for two quantum channels to arbitrary N quantum channels based on Wigner-Yanase skew information. We illustrate that these uncertainty inequalities are tighter than the existing ones by detailed examples. Especially, we also discuss the uncertainty relations for N unitary channels, which could be regarded as variance-based sum uncertainty relations with respect to any pure state.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
A detailed statistical analysis of the mass profiles of galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Host, Ole
name: Hansen, Steen H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of mass in the halos of galaxies and galaxy clusters has been probed observationally, theoretically, and in numerical simulations. Yet there is still confusion about which of several suggested parameterized models is the better representation, and whether these models are universal. We use the temperature and density profiles of the intracluster medium as measured by X-ray observations of 11 relaxed galaxy clusters to investigate mass models for the halo using a thorough Bayesian statistical analysis. We make careful comparisons between two- and three-parameter models, including the issue of a universal third parameter. We find that, of the two-parameter models, the NFW is the best representation, but we also find moderate statistical evidence that a generalized three-parameter NFW model with a freely varying inner slope is preferred, despite penalizing against the extra degree of freedom. There is a strong indication that this inner slope needs to be determined for each cluster individually, i.e. some clusters have central cores and others have steep cusps. The mass-concentration relation of our sample is in reasonable agreement with predictions based on numerical simulations.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by ApJ. Matches accepted version
Robot-Assisted Surgical Training Over Several Days in a Virtual Surgical Environment with Divergent and Convergent Force Fields
Creators: name: Oquendo, Yousi A.
name: Chua, Zonghe
name: Coad, Margaret M.
name: Nisky, Ilana
name: Jarc, Anthony M.
name: Wren, Sherry M.
name: Lendvay, Thomas S.
name: Okamura, Allison M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Surgical procedures require a high level of technical skill to ensure efficiency and patient safety. Due to the direct effect of surgeon skill on patient outcomes, the development of cost-effective and realistic training methods is imperative to accelerate skill acquisition. Teleoperated robotic devices allow for intuitive ergonomic control, but the learning curve for these systems remains steep. Recent studies in motor learning have shown that visual or physical exaggeration of errors helps trainees to learn to perform tasks faster and more accurately. In this study, we extended the work from two previous studies to investigate the performance of subjects in different force field training conditions, including convergent (assistive), divergent (resistive), and no force field (null).
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics 2019
Examining coronaviral evolution and protease function through computational modeling
Creators: name: Lubin, Joseph Harrison
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation describes the development and application of computational tools for predicting, evaluating, and engineering protein interfaces. Combining both physics and machine learning-based approaches, these high-throughput structural biology techniques were applied to large experimental datasets in five studies. Comprehensive Rosetta-based structural modeling of SARS-CoV-2 mutations observed in the first six months of the pandemic identified variable and conserved regions on viral proteins that may be related to enhanced pathogenesis or targeted by antiviral therapeutics. A similar method was employed to rapidly predict the impact of Omicron mutations on antibody affinity loss and immune evasion. The use of direct sequence-to-structure prediction with AlphaFold2 facilitated a comprehensive survey of active site diversity of all known coronaviral Main Protease enzymes, with ramifications for development of broad-spectrum inhibitors to counter future coronaviral pathogens. In tandem with mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, computational modeling elucidated the mechanisms of human PDZ-protease HtrA1 on fibril-forming α-synuclein. Finally, a graph convolution neural net was used to combine physics-based structure predictions and high-throughput yeast surface display experiments to broadly predict protease-substrate specificity and guide enzyme redesign. These studies demonstrate the potential to both rapidly respond to, and prepare against viral threats, to support hypothesis testing of complex biomolecular systems, and to redesign enzymes for altered specificity.
Challenging the generalized second law
Creators: name: Eling, Christopher
name: Bekenstein, Jacob D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized second law (GSL) of black hole thermodynamics states that the sum of changes in black hole entropy and the ordinary entropy of matter and fields outside the hole must be non-negative. In the classical limit, the GSL reduces to Hawking's area theorem. Neither law identifies the specific effects which makes it work in particular situations. Motivated by Davies' recent gedanken experiment he used to infer a bound on the size of the fine structure constant from the GSL, we study a series of variants in which an electric test charge is lowered to a finite radius and then dropped into a Schwarzschild, a near-extremal magnetic Reissner-Nordstrom or a near-extremal Kerr black hole. For a classical charge, we demonstrate that a specific "backreaction" effect is responsible for protecting the area theorem in the near-extremal examples. For the magnetically charged Reissner-Nordstrom hole an area theorem violation is defused by taking into account a subtle source of repulsion of the charge: the spinning up of the black hole in the process of bringing the charge down to its dropping point. In Kerr hole case, the electric self-force on the charge is sufficient to right matters. However, in all experiments involving an elementary charge, the full GSL would apparently be violated were the fine structure constant greater than about order unity. We argue that in this case a quantum effect, the Unruh-Wald quantum buoyancy, may protect the GSL.
description: 29 pages, RevTex; v2: Computational error corrected and conclusions of Sec. III D changed, Sec. II B enlarged, and Sec. IV is new. Title and abstract changed to reflect new results and conclusions; v3: added minor clarifying remarks, published version; v4: updated a reference
Global well-posedness for a nonlocal Gross-Pitaevskii equation with non-zero condition at infinity
Creators: name: de Laire, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55, 35A05, 37K05, 35Q40, 81Q99

description: We study the Gross-Pitaevskii equation involving a nonlocal interaction potential. Our aim is to give sufficient conditions that cover a variety of nonlocal interactions such that the associated Cauchy problem is globally well-posed with non-zero boundary condition at infinity, in any dimension. We focus on even potentials that are positive definite or positive tempered distributions.
description: Communications in Partial Differential Equations (2010)
Green's Function Approach to the Bose-Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Ohliger, Matthias
name: Pelster, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a diagrammatic hopping expansion to calculate finite-temperature Green functions of the Bose-Hubbard model which describes bosons in an optical lattice. This technique allows for a summation of subsets of diagrams, so the divergence of the Green function leads to non-perturbative results for the boundary between the superfluid and the Mott phase for finite temperatures. Whereas the first-order calculation reproduces the seminal mean-field result, the second order goes beyond and shifts the phase boundary in the immediate vicinity of the critical parameters determined by the latest high-precision Monte-Carlo simulations of the Bose-Hubbard model. In addition, our Green's function approach allows for calculating the excitation spectrum at finite temperature and for determining the effective masses of particles and holes.
Consent term study number U1111-1259-1998
Creators: name: Enilton De Santana Ribeiro De Mattos
name: Guedes, Alex
name: Lessa, Paulo Itamar Ferraz
name: Baptista, Abrahão Fontes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110905 Peripheral Nervous System

description: Influence of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on peripheral nerve regeneration after digital nerve neurorraphy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
de Santana Ribeiro de Mattos E, Guedes A, Itamar Ferraz Lessa P and Fontes Baptista AStudy registration number and date:UTN: U1111-1259-1998Record date: 12/18/2020URL: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/trial/10591Consent term model
Obbedienza e disobbedienza: dinamiche psicosociali per la democrazia
Creators: name: Morselli, Davide <1976>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: M-PSI/05 Psicologia sociale

description: Questa ricerca parte dall’approccio dialogico alle rappresentazioni sociali proposto da Marková (2003), assumendo che obbedienza e disobbedienza sono entrambe costituite da dimensioni socialmente costruttive e distruttive e che la loro interazione si riflette sugli atteggiamenti verso la democrazia. L’ipotesi principale è quella che obbedienza e disobbedienza non si escludano a
vicenda, bensì che un’interazione bilanciata tra atteggiamenti favorevoli verso sia l’obbedienza sia
la disobbedienza possa promuovere atteggiamenti prodemocratici a livello individuale e un incremento della democrazia a livello societale, come suggerito anche dalle teorie politologiche di Dahl (1999).
La ricerca è stata sviluppata in due studi. Il primo è rappresentato da un’analisi cross-culturale condotta su dati provenienti dal World Values Survey ed è suddiviso in tre sottostudi: il primo indaga il rapporto tra la disobbedienza, le dimensioni distruttiva e costruttiva dell’obbedienza e gli atteggiamenti nei confronti della democrazia; il secondo si centra sulle differenze tra le due
dimensioni opposte della disobbedienza (costruttiva e distruttiva), mettendo in evidenza come alcuni aspetti della disobbedienza siano legati ad atteggiamenti prodemocratici; il terzo si occupa, invece, di indagare a livello societale gli effetti della diffusione della disobbedienza costruttiva sul livello di democrazia di una nazione, mettendo in evidenza che, sotto determinate circostanze, la disobbedienza può essere intesa come un fattore protettivo per la democrazia.
Il secondo studio si basa su un’inchiesta tramite questionari somministrati ad un campione di studenti universitari delle Università di Bologna ed Helsinki. Questo studio ha avuto la finalità di approfondire, da un punto di vista delle rappresentazioni sociali, come la dinamica tra obbedienza e disobbedienza si intrecci agli atteggiamenti verso la democrazia e verso l’assunzione di
responsabilità nei confronti della società. I risultati suggeriscono che obbedienza e disobbedienza siano in rapporto di complementarietà, e non di reciproca esclusione, integrandosi l’una con l’altra in maniera disgiunta (Lefkowitz, 2007): laddove l’obbedienza rappresenta un atteggiamento responsabile nei confronti della società e di tutte le sue parti costitutive, la disobbedienza è uno strumento di controllo e azione politica nei confronti dell’autorità. Inoltre a livello societale i risultati mostrano che laddove le disobbedienza
costruttiva si diffonde in una società, successivamente aumenta il suo livello di democrazia o, perlomeno, non diminuisce. Ciò suggerisce che la diffusione di una disobbedienza che coinvolge anche gli aspetti costruttivi dell’obbedienza possa rappresentare un fattore protettivo nei confronti della democraticità delle istituzioni e delle libertà politiche e civili.