cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
State-dependent memory and its modulation by different brain areas and neurotransmitters
Creators: name: Zarrindast, Mohammad-Reza
name: Khakpai, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: State-dependent memory
subject: CA1
subject: CeA
subject: Neurotransmitter
subject: Pharmacological compounds
subject: 610

description: The state-dependent memory defines as a state that the retrieval of recently obtained information may be potential if the subject exists in a similar physiological situation as for the period of the encoding stage. Studies revealed that exogenous and endogenous compounds could induce state-dependent memory. The state-dependent memory made it probable to differentiate the effects of drugs per se on learning from the effects due to alterations in drug state during the task. Studies proposed the role of regions beyond the limbic formation and illustrated that state-dependent memory produced by various neurotransmitter systems and pharmacological compounds. Our review of the literature revealed that: (a) re-administration of drugs on the same state induce state-dependent memory; (b) many neurotransmitters induce endogenous state-dependent memory; (c) there are cross state-dependent learning and memory between some drugs; (d) some sites of the brain including the CA1 areas of the hippocampus, central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), septum, ventral teg­mental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAC) are involved in state-dependent memory.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020
Supernovae without host galaxy? - Hypervelocity stars in foreign galaxies
Creators: name: Zinn, Peter-Christian
name: Grunden, Philipp
name: Bomans, Dominik J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harvesting the SAI supernova catalog, we search for SNe that apparently do not occur within a distinct host galaxy but lie a great distance apart from their assigned host galaxy. Assuming two possible explanations for this host-lessness of a fraction of reported SNe, namely (i) a host galaxy which is too faint to be detected within the limits of currently available surveys or (ii) a hypervelocity star (HVS) as progenitor of the SN,we want to distinguish between these two cases. To do so, we use deep imaging to test explanation (i). If within our detection limit of 27 mag/arcsec^2, the central surface brightness of the faintest known LSB galaxy so far, no galaxy could be identified, we discard this explanation and regard the SN, after several other checks, to have had a hypervelocity star progenitor. Analyzing a selected subsample of five host-less SNe we find one, SN 2006bx in UGC5434, to be put in the hypervelocity progenitor category with a high probability, exhibiting a projected velocity of > 800 km/s. SN 1969L in NGC1058 is most likely an example for a very extended star-forming disk visible only in the far-UV, not in the optical wavebands. Therefore this SN is clearly due to in situ star formation. This mechanism may also apply for two other SNe we investigated (SN 1970L and SN 1997C), but this cannot be determined with final certainty. Another one, SN 2005nc associated with a gamma-ray burst (GRB 050525), is a special case not covered by our initial assumptions. Even with deep Hubble data, a host galaxy could not be unambiguously identified.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication by A&A, abstract abridged due to arXiv requirements, rev. 2 after language corrections
If you hunt good enough you'll find it: the well-being of urban aboriginal seniors in the Calgary region
Creators: name: Kerluke, Brittni J.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 172-178
description: A couple of pages are in colour.
description: Previous research has demonstrated that Aboriginal peoples represent one of the most disadvantaged populations in Canada and they are disproportionately affected by chronic diseases. However, research has failed to explore the aging Aboriginal population in Canadian cities. This study examines what keeps urban Aboriginal seniors well by exploring how they understand their well-being and the factors that affect their health. Using twenty in-depth individual interviews and two focus groups involving Aboriginal seniors over the age of 60 years, this study finds that Calgary's urban Aboriginal seniors hold holistic understandings of well-being and factors such as legacy, place and social engagement are identified as playing a key role in their well-being. Additionally, Aboriginal seniors are enhancing their well-being in urban areas by accessing both formal and informal sources of well-being. These findings have been utilized to develop an Indigenous well-being conceptual framework addressing what keeps Calgary's Aboriginal seniors well.
Interest Rates, Risk, and Imperfect Markets: Puzzles and Policies
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: Traditional theory emphasizes the key role that monetary policy can play through the manipulation of interest rates. But there are several puzzles that cannot be reconciled with standard models. These include: the apparent constancy in interest rates over extended periods, and changes at other times which appear unrelated to changes in technology and demography; the cyclical pattern of movements in real interest rates; the impact of nominal not real interest-rate changes on real variables; and the cyclical pattern of movements in interest-rate spreads. This paper reaches beyond the standard competitive equilibrium, perfect information, model of credit markets towards imperfect information models, particularly those that focus on the determinants of bank behaviour. Of the standard models, the money demand model is most deficient in understanding these puzzles. The loanable funds theory and a generalized version of real productivity theory can be reconciled with imperfect information, and markets and the consequent credit and equity rationing regimes help to explain the puzzles. Specifically, banks may be insensitive to changes in monetary stance owing to risk aversion. There are strong policy implications; it is argued, for instance, that in East Asia raising interest rates exacerbated economic decline and, rather than contributing to exchange-rate stability, may have induced capital flight as default risk increased, lowering risk-adjusted expected returns.
3-D Tracking and Visualization of Hundreds of Pt-Co Fuel Cell Nanocatalysts During Electrochemical Aging
Creators: name: Yu, Yingchao
name: Xin, Huolin L.
name: Hovden, Robert M.
name: Wang, Deli
name: Rus, Eric D.
name: Mundy, Julia
name: Muller, David A.
name: Abruña, Héctor D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an electron tomography method that allows for the identification of hundreds of electrocatalyst nanoparticles with one-to-one correspondence before and after electrochemical aging. This method allows us to track, in three-dimensions (3-D), the trajectories and morphologies of each Pt-Co nanocatalyst on a fuel cell carbon support. The use of atomic-scale electron energy loss spectroscopic imaging enables the correlation of performance degradation of the catalyst with changes in particle/inter-particle morphologies, particle-support interactions and the near-surface chemical composition. We found that, aging of the catalysts under normal fuel cell operating conditions (potential scans from +0.6 V to +1.0 V for 30,000 cycles) gives rise to coarsening of the nanoparticles, mainly through coalescence, which in turn leads to the loss of performance. The observed coalescence events were found to be the result of nanoparticle migration on the carbon support during potential cycling. This method provides detailed insights into how nanocatalyst degradation occurs in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and suggests that minimization of particle movement can potentially slow down the coarsening of the particles, and the corresponding performance degradation.
description: Nano Letters, accepted
Prosody Modelling in Concept-to-Speech Generation: Methodological Issues
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Pan, Shimei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science

description: We explore three issues for the development of concept-to-speech (CTS) systems. We identify information available in a language-generation system that has the potential to impact prosody; investigate the role played by different corpora in CTS prosody modelling; and explore different methodologies for learning how linguistic features
impact prosody. Our major focus is on the comparison of two machine learning methodologies: generalized rule induction and memory-based learning. We describe this work in the context of multimedia abstract generation of intensive care (MAGIC) data, a system that produces multimedia brings of the status of patients who have just undergone a bypass operation.
Measuring the phase of the scattering amplitude with vortex beams
Creators: name: Ivanov, I. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that colliding vortex beams instead of (approximate) plane waves can lead to a direct measurement of how the overall phase of the plane wave scattering amplitude changes with the scattering angle. Since vortex beams are coherent superpositions of plane waves with different momenta, their scattering amplitude receives contributions from plane wave amplitudes with distinct kinematics. These contributions interfere, leading to the measurement of their phase difference. Although interference exists for any generic wave packet collision, we show that using vortex beams dramatically enhances sensitivity to the phase in comparison with non-vortex beams. Since the overall phase is inaccessible in a plane wave collision, this measurement would be of great importance for a number of topics in hadronic physics, for example, meson production in the resonance region, physics of nucleon resonances, and small angle elastic hadron scattering.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures; v2: introduction rewritten and expanded, matches the published version
A functional-analysis derivation of the parquet equation
Creators: name: Eckhardt, Christian J.
name: Kappl, Patrick
name: Kauch, Anna
name: Held, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parquet equation is an exact field-theoretic equation known since the 60s that underlies numerous approximations to solve strongly correlated Fermion systems. Its derivation previously relied on combinatorial arguments classifying all diagrams of the two-particle Green's function in terms of their (ir)reducibility properties. In this work we provide a derivation of the parquet equation solely employing techniques of functional analysis namely functional Legendre transformations and functional derivatives. The advantage of a derivation in terms of a straightforward calculation is twofold: (i) the quantities appearing in the calculation have a clear mathematical definition and interpretation as derivatives of the Luttinger--Ward functional; (ii) analogous calculations to the ones that lead to the parquet equation may be performed for higher-order Green's functions potentially leading to a classification of these in terms of their (ir)reducible components.
description: Submission to SciPost
title: Comparison of two CAD systems based on artificial intelligence for lung cancer detection
Creators: name: Petriaikin, Fedor
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cancer
subject: Screening
subject: CAD
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Lung
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Lung cancer is the world’s leading cause of cancer death [1] and a significant economic problem. Implementation of the lung low-dose CT (LDCT) screening programs can be a cost-effective method of reducing lung cancer mortality, especially as a...
Variations of the Kibble-Zurek scaling exponents of trapped Bose gases
Creators: name: Rabga, Tenzin
name: Lee, Yangheon
name: Bae, Dalmin
name: Kim, Myeonghyeon
name: Shin, Yong-il
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the vortex nucleation dynamics in inhomogeneous atomic Bose gases quenched into a superfluid phase and investigate the dependence of the Kibble-Zurek (KZ) scaling exponent on the underlying trap configuration. For samples in a number of different inhomogeneous traps, we observe the characteristic power-law scaling of the vortex number with the thermal quench rate, as well as an enhanced vortex suppression in the outer regions with lower particle density, in agreement with the causality effect as encapsulated in the inhomogeneous Kibble-Zurek mechanism (IKZM). However, the measured KZ scaling exponents show significant differences from the theoretical estimates, and furthermore their trends as a function of the underlying trap configuration deviate from the IKZM prediction. We also investigate the early-time coarsening effect using a two-step quench protocol as proposed in a recent study and show that the interpretation of the measurement results without including the causality effect might be misleading. This paper provides a comprehensive study of vortex formation dynamics in quenched Bose gases confined in inhomogeneous trapping potentials and calls for a refined theoretical framework for quantitative understanding of the phase transition and defect formation processes in such inhomogeneous systems.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. New version includes corrections in the erratum
Solar Wind Alpha Particles and Heavy Ions in the Inner Heliosphere Observed with MESSENGER
Creators: name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Gershman, Daniel J.
name: Zurbuchen, Thomas H.
name: Fisk, Lennard A.
name: Gilbert, Jason A.
name: Raines, Jim M.
name: Anderson, Brian J.
name: Smith, Charles W.
name: Korth, Haje
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Planetology
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS) on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft has made the first in situ measurements of solar wind plasma in the inner heliosphere since the Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft in the 1980s. Although the core of the solar wind velocity distribution is obstructed by the spacecraft sunshade, a data analysis technique has been developed that recovers both bulk and thermal speeds to 10% accuracy and provides the first measurements of solar wind heavy ions (mass per charge >2 amu/e) at heliocentric distances within 0.5 AU. Solar wind alpha particles and heavy ions appear to have similar mean flow speeds at values greater than that of the protons by approximately 70% of the Alfvén speed. From an examination of the thermal properties of alpha particles and heavier solar wind ions, we find a ratio of the temperature of alpha particles to that of protons nearly twice that of previously reported Helios observations, though still within the limits of excessive heating of heavy ions observed spectroscopically close to the Sun. Furthermore, examination of typical magnetic power spectra at the orbits of MESSENGER and at 1 AU reveals the lack of a strong signature of local resonant ion heating, implying that a majority of heavy ion heating could occur close to the Sun. These results demonstrate that the solar wind at plus or minus 0.3 AU is a blend of the effects of wave–particle interactions occurring in both the solar corona and the heliosphere.
The Long, the Short and the Weak - the origin of GRBs
Creators: name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Bromberg, Omer
name: Nakar, Ehud
name: Sari, Re'em
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of Gamma-Ray Bursts is one of the most interesting puzzles in recent astronomy. During the last decade a consensus formed that long GRBs (LGRBs) arise from the collapse of massive stars and that short GRBs (SGRBs) have a different origin, most likely neutron star mergers. A key ingredient of the Collapsar model that explains how the collapse of massive stars produces a GRB is the emergence of a relativistic jet that penetrates the stellar envelope. The condition that the emerging jet penetrates the envelope poses strong constraints on the system. Using these constraints we show that: (i) Low luminosity GRBs (llGRBs), a sub population of GRBs with a very low luminosities (and other peculiar properties: single peaked, smooth and soft) cannot be formed by Collapsars. llGRBs must have a different origin (most likely a shock breakout). (ii) On the other hand regular LGRBs must be formed by Collapsars. (iii) While for BATSE the dividing duration between Collapsars and non-Collapsar is indeed at $\sim 2$ sec, the dividing duration is different for other GRBs detectors. In particular most Swift bursts longer than 0.8 sec are of a Collapsar origin. This last results requires a revision of many conclusions concerning the origin of Swift SGRBs which were based on the commonly used 2 sec limit.
description: Revised version accepted for publication in the Philosophical transactions - the proceedings of "New windows on transients across the Universe" a discussion meeting of the Royal Society, London, England and in the proceedings of "Xth International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology", Quy-Nhon, Vietnam. (Talks given by Tsvi Piran)
Epeolus nigriventris W ALKER 1871
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Epeolus
Epeolus nigriventris

description: Epeolus nigriventris W ALKER, 1871
Epeolus nigriventris n.sp.: WALKER 1871a: 51 (descr. ♀, Tadjoura).
Epeolus nigriventris WALKER, 1871: INNES BEY 1911: 106 (Tadjoura, cat. Lord Collection).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Djibouti.
Epeolus nigriventris is not mentioned in DE DALLA TORRE (1896), FRIESE (1909a), EARDLEY (1991b) and EARDLEY & URBAN (2010).
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 934, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
title: Artificial Intelligence and its future potential in lung cancer screening
title: review article
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Joy Mathew, Christopher
name: David, Ashwini Maria
name: Joy Mathew, Chris Mariya
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: Lung neoplasms
subject: Early detection of cancer
subject: Machine learning
subject: Lung cancer screening
subject: Artificial intelligence and lung cancer
subject: Low-dose computed tomography
subject: Artificial intelligence in radiology
subject: Computer-aided diagnosis
subject: Convolutional neural networks (cnn)
subject: 610

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) simulates intelligent behavior as well as critical thinking comparable to a human being and can be used to analyze and interpret complex medical data. The application of AI in imaging diagnostics reduces the burden of radiologists and increases the sensitivity of lung cancer screening so that the morbidity and mortality associated with lung cancer can be decreased. In this article, we have tried to evaluate the role of artificial intelligence in lung cancer screening, as well as the future potential and efficiency of AI in the classification of nodules. The relevant studies between 2010-2020 were selected from the PubMed database after excluding animal studies and were analyzed for the contribution of AI. Techniques such as deep learning and machine learning allow automatic characterization and classification of nodules with high precision and promise an advanced lung cancer screening method in the future. Even though several combination models with high performance have been proposed, an effectively validated model for routine use still needs to be improvised. Combining the performance of artificial intelligence with a radiologist’s expertise offers a successful outcome with higher accuracy. Thus, we can conclude that higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of lung cancer screening and classification of nodules is possible through the integration of artificial intelligence and radiology. The validation of models and further research is to be carried out to determine the feasibility of this integration.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19. 2020, pp. 1552-1562
Optimal decomposable witnesses without the spanning property
Creators: name: Augusiak, Remigiusz
name: Sarbicki, Gniewomir
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the unsolved problems in the characterization of the optimal entanglement witnesses is the existence of optimal witnesses acting on bipartite Hilbert spaces H_{m,n}=C^m\otimes C^n such that the product vectors obeying =0 do not span H_{m,n}. So far, the only known examples of such witnesses were found among indecomposable witnesses, one of them being the witness corresponding to the Choi map. However, it remains an open question whether decomposable witnesses exist without the property of spanning. Here we answer this question affirmatively, providing systematic examples of such witnesses. Then, we generalize some of the recently obtained results on the characterization of 2\otimes n optimal decomposable witnesses [R. Augusiak et al., J. Phys. A 44, 212001 (2011)] to finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces H_{m,n} with m,n\geq 3.
description: 11 pages, published version, title modified, some references added, other minor improvements
On mapping cones of Seifert fibered surgeries
Creators: name: Wu, Zhongtao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: Using the mapping cone of a rational surgery, we give several obstructions for Seifert fibered surgeries, including obstructions on the Alexander polynomial, the knot Floer homology, the surgery coefficient and the Seifert and four-ball genus of the knot.
description: 13 pages
Meaningful media: an ethnography of a digital strategy within a Metis community
Creators: name: Pratt, Yvonne Poitras
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 243-267
description: Includes copies of ethics approval. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: This study is an ethnographic exploration of a collaborative and community centred research project involving the researcher and the community of Fishing Lake Metis settlement situated in north-eastern Alberta. This study represents a digital strategy that sought decolonizing goals through Metis-specific research activities, community partnering and the culturally appropriate and meaningful appropriation of digital media. The project met several identified community needs, including the restoration of intergenerational connections and the revitalization of storytelling traditions, through a creative process realized through a collaboratively-led digital-storytelling workshop and related media activities. Fittingly, the work continues on in Fishing Lake.
title: Why we do what we do
title: a brief analysis of cancer therapies
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Galmarini, Carlos Maria
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neoplasm
subject: Molecular targeted therapies
subject: Immunotherapy
subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: Antiangiogenic agents
subject: 610

description: The goal of all medical activity is to preserve health in fit people, and to restore the sick into a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. In an effort to determine whether we are achieving this last goal in oncology, herein we review the biological and clinical framework that has led to the foundations of the current anticancer treatment paradigm. Currently, cancer therapy is still based on the ancient axiom that states that the complete eradication of the tumor burden is the only way to achieve a cure. This strategy has led to a substantial improvement in survival rates as cancer mortality rates have dropped in an unprecedented way. Despite this progress, more than 9 million people still die from cancer every year, indicating that the current treatment strategy is not leading to a cancer cure, but to a cancer remission, that is “the temporary absence of manifestations of a particular disease”; after months or years of remission, in most patients, cancer will inevitably recur. Our critical analysis indicates that it is time to discuss about the new key challenges and future directions in clinical oncology. We need to generate novel treatment strategies more suited to the current clinical reality.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020
Radiation and the Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic and Other Leukemias among Chornobyl Cleanup Workers
Creators: name: Zablotska, Lydia B.
name: Bazyka, Dimitry
name: Lubin, Jay H.
name: Gudzenko, Nataliya
name: Little, Mark P.
name: Hatch, Maureen
name: Finch, Stuart
name: Reiss, Robert F.
name: Dyagil, Irina
name: Chumak, Vadim V.
name: Bouville, Andre
name: Drozdovitch, Vladimir
name: Kryuchkov, Victor P.
name: Golovanov, Ivan
name: Bakhanova, Elena
name: Babkina, Nataliya
name: Lubarets, Tatiana
name: Bebeshko, Volodymyr
name: Romanenko, Anatoly
name: Mabuchi, Kiyohiko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Oncology
Environmental health
Medicine

description: Background: Risks of most types of leukemia from exposure to acute high doses of ionizing radiation are well known, but risks associated with protracted exposures, as well as associations between radiation and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), are not clear. 
Objectives: We estimated relative risks of CLL and non-CLL from protracted exposures to low-dose ionizing radiation. 
Methods: A nested case–control study was conducted in a cohort of 110,645 Ukrainian cleanup workers of the 1986 Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. Cases of incident leukemia diagnosed in 1986–2006 were confirmed by a panel of expert hematologists/hematopathologists. Controls were matched to cases on place of residence and year of birth. We estimated individual bone marrow radiation doses by the Realistic Analytical Dose Reconstruction with Uncertainty Estimation (RADRUE) method. We then used a conditional logistic regression model to estimate excess relative risk of leukemia per gray (ERR/Gy) of radiation dose. 
Results: We found a significant linear dose response for all leukemia [137 cases, ERR/Gy = 1.26 (95% CI: 0.03, 3.58]. There were nonsignificant positive dose responses for both CLL and non-CLL (ERR/Gy = 0.76 and 1.87, respectively). In our primary analysis excluding 20 cases with direct in-person interviews less than 2 years from start of chemotherapy with an anomalous finding of ERR/Gy = –0.47 (95% CI: less than –0.47, 1.02), the ERR/Gy for the remaining 117 cases was 2.38 (95% CI: 0.49, 5.87). For CLL, the ERR/Gy was 2.58 (95% CI: 0.02, 8.43), and for non-CLL, ERR/Gy was 2.21 (95% CI: 0.05, 7.61). Altogether, 16% of leukemia cases (18% of CLL, 15% of non-CLL) were attributed to radiation exposure. 
Conclusions: Exposure to low doses and to low dose-rates of radiation from post-Chornobyl cleanup work was associated with a significant increase in risk of leukemia, which was statistically consistent with estimates for the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Based on the primary analysis, we conclude that CLL and non-CLL are both radiosensitive.
Between indigeneity and nationality : the politics of culture and nature in Russia's diamond province
Creators: name: Hicks, Susan M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Despite a half century of rapid, state-sponsored industrialization in the region, only with its more recent, abrupt exposure to global capitalism has Siberia become a hotly contested site of debates over both indigenous rights and natural resource extraction. The Sakha Republic (Yakutia), a Northeastern Siberian region twice the size of Alaska, is now a particularly crucial site of contestation, boasting diamond reserves that produce about 25% of the world‘s diamonds. The region is also home to a sizeable, highly educated indigenous population, the Sakha, who comprise over 45% of the Republic‘s residents. Sakha activists have been engaged in a sustained project of cultural revival that has drawn upon globally circulating representations of indigeneity to contest environmental destruction, assert political control over their lands and resources, and to challenge socio-economic marginalization. However, in post-Soviet Siberia, like elsewhere in Asia, distinctions between indigenous and non-indigenous are not straightforward, and articulations of indigenous identity are fraught with complications. With a population over 400,000, the Sakha are in fact considered too numerous to fit within the official Russian category for indigenous peoples—- the "small-numbered peoples of the North," and many Sakha are themselves ambivalent about the label "indigenous," seeing their own culture as more advanced than that of their neighboring indigenes. This dissertation examines the social processes that link globally circulating images and practices of indigeneity with Sakha cultural politics, and argues that articulations of indigenous identity are not only contingent and heterogeneous, but are also partial and uneven. In this context, indigeneity coexists alongside other kinds of identity, especially ethnonationalism. Analysis builds on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Sakha Republic, including participant observation in 2 cities, semi-structured interviews and life history interviews with Sakha and non-Sakha residents, and regional newspaper analysis.
Detection of collective modes in unconventional superconductors using tunneling spectroscopy
Creators: name: Lee, Patrick A.
name: Steiner, Jacob F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose using tunneling spectroscopy with a superconducting electrode to probe the collective modes of unconventional superconductors. The modes are predicted to appear as peaks in dI/dV at voltages given by eV = ωi/2 where ωi denotes the mode frequencies. This may prove to be a powerful tool to investigate the pairing symmetry of unconventional superconductors. The peaks associated with the collective modes appear at fourth order in the single particle tunneling matrix element. At the same fourth order, multiple Andreev reflection (MAR) leads to peaks at voltage equal to the energy gaps, which, in BCS superconductors, coincides with the expected position of the amplitude (Higgs) mode. The peaks stemming from the collective modes of unconventional superconductors do not suffer from this coincidence. For scanning tunneling microscopes (STM), we estimate that the magnitude of the collective mode contribution is smaller than the MAR contribution by the ratio of the energy gap to the Fermi energy. Moreover, there is no access to the mode dispersion. Conversely, for planar tunnel junctions the collective mode peak is expected to dominate over the MAR peak, and the mode dispersion can be measured. We discuss systems where the search for such collective modes is promising.
description: Post-peer review version of the article
title: Functional Cancer Staging in Black Africans- an initial experience with whole body diffusion MRI
Creators: name: Asafu Adjaye Frimpong, George
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oncologic Imaging
subject: Breast
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Angioplasty
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Recognizing the pivotal role played by whole body diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (WB-DW-MRI) in the care of cancer patients, especially in providing knowledge on total tumor load including visceral, nodal and bony metastases, we...
A review on biogenic synthesis, applications and toxicity aspects of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Creators: name: Sharma, Rajat
name: Garg, Rajni
name: Kumari, Avnesh
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nanotechnology
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: Biogenic synthesis
subject: Nanoparticles
subject: Degradation
subject: Toxicity
subject: 610

description: Nanoparticles (NPs) have become an important field of research over the past several decades with applications in various sectors, such as biomedical, cosmetic, food and many others, because of their unique characteristics. The green synthesis of nanoparticles has been preferred because of the naturally occurring reductants present in biological systems that decreases exposure to toxic chemicals compared with physico-chemical methods and is eco-friendly. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs exhibit broad and potential applications in different fields with their specific characteristics such as surface area, size, shape, low toxicity, optical properties, high binding energy and large band gap. This paper focuses on the bio-synthesis of ZnO NPs by utilizing extracts of different plant parts (stem, flower, fruit, peel, and leaves) through efficient, economical, simple, pure, and eco-friendly green routes. In this process, zinc salts have been used as precursor and phytochemicals in the plant extract reduce the metal salt to lower oxidation state as well as stabilize the ZnO NPs. The morphological and physico-chemical properties of obtained NPs analyzed by various characterization techniques have been discoursed. Further, antimicrobial activity and potential photocatalytic application in terms of the degradation of dyes have also been reviewed in addition to the toxicity aspects of these NPs on human beings and animals.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19. 2020, pp. 1325-1340
title: History of hydraulics and fluid mechanics at Colorado State University
title: Hydrology days 2003
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2003
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Julien, Pierre Y.
name: Meroney, Robert N.
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2003

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: 23rd annual AGU hydrology days was held on March 31 - April 2, 2003 at Colorado State University.
description: The development of hydraulics and fluid mechanics at Colorado State University is reviewed in reference to those who pioneered the analysis of hydraulic and wind engineering. The article will first cover the "early developments" with Elwood Meade, Charles Lory, Ralph Parshall and Emory Lane during the Colorado A&M period. The name change to Colorado State University initiated considerable expansion through fruitful collaboration with the USGS and the USBR. The "expansion years" featured the contributions of Maury Albertson, Hunter Rouse, Jack Cermak and Everett Richardson with direct administrative support from Lionel Baldwin, Daryl Simons and Ray Chamberlain. The more recent "mature period" saw broadening of the programs and expansion into environmental engineering. The emphasis of the article will be on the historical contribution of CSU to hydraulics and fluid mechanics. Some of the key scientific achievements will be reviewed. There will be a brief documentation of the interaction between faculty activities, academic programs and research facilities that led to rapid growth and development. The success and visibility of the programs also hinged on several other factors including significant contributions at the international level through projects in Pakistan (Tarbela Dam) and Egypt.
p53 and DNA methylation suppress the TRAIN to cell death
Creators: name: Tavana, Omid
name: Gu, Wei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cytology

description: Hallmark to most cancers is the mutation or complete loss of function of the tumor-suppressor gene p53. p53 functions by transcriptionally activating or repressing putative downstream targets to elicit a network of tumor-suppressive functions—transient cell cycle arrest allowing for DNA repair and, upon irreparable damage, senescence or apoptosis. Recently, our group has shown that p53-meidated transactivation of metabolic targets can suppress tumorigenesis in the absence of both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Notably termed the “guardian of the genome,” many therapies have been targeted to reactivate p53 or the downstream targets to initiate apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in cells that have escaped these properties, yet in some instances, p53-proficient tumors have a worse response to therapy. An opposite and ever-attractive chemotherapeutic approach has been to selectively target attributes of p53-mutant and -deficient cells that are absent in p53 proficiency.
title: Learning theories in Clinical Radiology: where are we now?
Creators: name: Elsakka, Mohamed
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Prospective
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Professional issues
subject: eHealth
subject: Professional Issues

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Clinical Radiology is beingviewed as the core of clinical practice as imaging has progressively taken a central role in patient management (1, 2). However, this is not the case in medical education. It is understood that Radiology as a specialty is...
Diameter of Cayley graphs of permutation groups generated by transposition trees
Creators: name: Ganesan, Ashwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Γ$ be a Cayley graph of the permutation group generated by a transposition tree $T$ on $n$ vertices. In an oft-cited paper \cite{Akers:Krishnamurthy:1989} (see also \cite{Hahn:Sabidussi:1997}), it is shown that the diameter of the Cayley graph $Γ$ is bounded as $$\diam(Γ) \le \max_{π\in S_n}{c(π)-n+\sum_{i=1}^n \dist_T(i,π(i))},$$ where the maximization is over all permutations $π$, $c(π)$ denotes the number of cycles in $π$, and $\dist_T$ is the distance function in $T$. In this work, we first assess the performance (the sharpness and strictness) of this upper bound. We show that the upper bound is sharp for all trees of maximum diameter and also for all trees of minimum diameter, and we exhibit some families of trees for which the bound is strict. We then show that for every $n$, there exists a tree on $n$ vertices, such that the difference between the upper bound and the true diameter value is at least $n-4$. Observe that evaluating this upper bound requires on the order of $n!$ (times a polynomial) computations. We provide an algorithm that obtains an estimate of the diameter, but which requires only on the order of (polynomial in) $n$ computations; furthermore, the value obtained by our algorithm is less than or equal to the previously known diameter upper bound. This result is possible because our algorithm works directly with the transposition tree on $n$ vertices and does not require examining any of the permutations (only the proof requires examining the permutations). For all families of trees examined so far, the value $β$ computed by our algorithm happens to also be an upper bound on the diameter, i.e. $$\diam(Γ) \le β\le \max_{π\in S_n}{c(π)-n+\sum_{i=1}^n \dist_T(i,π(i))}.$$
description: This is an extension of arXiv:1106.5353
Sign reversal diode effect in superconducting Dayem nanobridges
Creators: name: Margineda, Daniel
name: Crippa, Alessandro
name: Strambini, Elia
name: Fukaya, Yuri
name: Mercaldo, Maria Teresa
name: Cuoco, Mario
name: Giazotto, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supercurrent diodes are nonreciprocal electronic elements whose switching current depends on their flow direction. Recently, a variety of composite systems combining different materials and engineered asymmetric superconducting devices have been proposed. Yet, ease of fabrication and tunable sign of supercurrent rectification joined to large efficiency have not been assessed in a single platform so far. We demonstrate that all-metallic superconducting Dayem nanobridges naturally exhibit nonreciprocal supercurrents under an external magnetic field, with a rectification efficiency up to $\sim 27\%$. Our niobium nanostructures are tailored so that the diode polarity can be tuned by varying the amplitude of an out-of-plane magnetic field or the temperature in a regime without magnetic screening. We show that sign reversal of the diode effect may arise from the high-harmonic content of the current phase relation in combination with vortex phase windings present in the bridge or an anomalous phase shift compatible with anisotropic spin-orbit interactions.
Mixture formation in a partially stratified directly injected natural gas engine
Creators: name: Shield, Malcolm
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A rapid compression machine was redesigned to allow the use of acetone UV laser diagnostics to investigate the mixture distribution that results from the injection of a methane partially stratified charge (PSC) and direct injection (DI) jet. A central composite test matrix was used to investigate the effect of relative injection timing and bulk charge air-fuel ratio upon the mixture distribution. Comparison was made between the distribution that resulted from a capillary injected PSC charge and a bespoke ‘sparkplug insert’ injected charge. The capillary injected PSC jet was found to preserve a jet-like structure despite its interaction with the direct injection jet, while the effect of the DI jet upon the insert injected fuel was to encourage coalescence of the jets to form a largely homogeneous mixture at the point of injection and near the leading edge of the DI jet. The DI jet, with a weak bulk charge, served to reduce the fluctuations in relative air-fuel ratio compared to PSC injection into air; while the insert injected PSC charge exhibited increased fluctuation levels with advanced relative injection timing. The improved ignition of a partially stratified charge from the introduction of a weak bulk charge had been presumed to work through reductions in fuel concentration gradients, however the findings of the this work suggest that this works in unison with a decrease in fuel concentration fluctuations that increases ignition efficacy. The insert injected PSC fuel demonstrates scalar dissipation rates that are potentially too low to provide robust enough combustion for a viable partially stratified charge approach. The PSC insert engenders more mixing than a capillary injected PSC, but penetrates the DI jet less well. In all cases, and throughout the region of the interaction, there exists a finite probability of encountering pure fuel or the bulk fuel concentration that suggests mixing driven by engulfment rather than entrainment. The PSC ‘sparkplug’ insert offers better opportunity for mixing than the capillary injection and using a stochastic design approach should be pursued further to improve the performance of partially stratified charge combustion for natural gas engines.
title: The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of HIV-infected children
Creators: name: Titova, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: CNS
subject: Paediatric
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Laboratory tests
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: AIDS
subject: Infection
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Prospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: It is estimated that 3.4 million children are living with HIV-1 (HIV) worldwide, but little is still known about the effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the developing brain [1]. Progressive myelination at an early age implies...