cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Yttrium disilicate as environmental barrier coating for silicon nitride-based glow plug
Creators: name: Lin, Xin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Silicon-based ceramics undergo severe degradation at temperatures above ~1000 ℃ in the presence of water vapor, which is inevitable in combustion environments. Therefore, Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBCs) are necessary for the protection of Si₃N₄-based ceramic components in the harsh combustion environments. Rare earth silicates, which have relatively low thermal expansion coefficients, good chemical stability at high temperatures and low recession rates in the presence of water vapor, are promising candidate materials for such EBC application. This study was related to the application of Si₃N₄ as part of Hot Surface Ignition Systems (“Glow-Plugs”, GP) in High-Pressure Natural Gas Direct Injection engines, currently under development by Vancouver company Westport Fuel Systems Inc. For certain kinds of commercially available Si₃N₄-based GPs, the use of Y₂O₃ as sintering additive results in the in-service formation of yttrium silicates on their ceramic pins. Therefore, taking the chemical compatibility into consideration, yttrium disilicate coating was chosen to provide corrosion protection for such GPs. A sol-gel dip-coating route, which is simple, cost effective and industrially applicable, has been developed to apply multi-layer Y₂Si₂O₇ EBCs on the GPs. Selective processing parameters, including the sol aging conditions and the withdrawal speed of the GP substrate during dip coating procedure, were investigated in detail. The thickness and microstructures of the coatings were controlled through the adjustment of these parameters during sol preparation and dip coating processes. To simultaneously achieve sufficient thickness and avoid the formation of cracks, thin layers of Y₂Si₂O₇ coating, each with the thickness of ~1 µm, were successively applied and processed. The 6-layer crack-free coating was able to achieve an average thickness of ~5.5 µm. The microstructures of the coatings were evaluated and their performance was tested at ~1200 ℃ in high concentration water vapor atmosphere and on a natural gas burner rig. Improved corrosion resistance of such EBC-protected glow plugs was observed in these tests.
Searching for backbones — an efficient parallel algorithm for the traveling salesman problem
Creators: name: Schneider, Johannes
name: Froschhammer, Christine
name: Morgenstern, Ingo
name: Husslein, Thomas
name: Singer, Johannes Maria
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Optimization; Parallel; Monte Carlo; Threshold accepting; TSP; Backbone; Degeneracy
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 02.50.-r; 02.50.Ga; 02.70.Lq; 89.20.+a; 89.80.+h; 89.90.+n

description: The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) plays an important role in Operations Research, Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics. We investigated it using a stochastic approach. Studying several solutions of a special TSP we found that many parts of a good solution are the same in all other good solutions for this problem. In this paper we discuss an efficient parallel method to reduce the TSP to a smaller one by finding these backbones and eliminating them to get even better solutions in a very short time and a few observables of interest corresponding to this parallel approach.
Critical behavior of three‐dimensional Ising model of spin glass
Creators: name: Ogielski, Andrew T.
name: Morgenstern, Ingo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: SPIN GLASSES, SPIN GLASS STATE, CRITICAL PHENOMENA, ISING MODEL, PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS, MONTE CARLO METHOD, SIMULATION, THREE−DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 75.10.Hk; 75.30.Kz

description: First results of massive Monte Carlo simulations of the d=3 Ising spin glass with ± J bond distribution, performed on a fast special purpose computer, are discussed. Equilibrium static and dynamic correlation functions have been recorded for temperatures T/J=1.10 to 2.00. A qualitative change in the behavior of the system, and the best fits for the spin glass correlation length and relaxation time favor a continuous phase transition at Tc/J≊1.20±0.05. We find no evidence for the Tc=0 freezing picture.
Magnetic flux generation and transport in cool stars
Creators: name: Işık, Emre
name: Schmitt, Dieter
name: Schüssler, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sun and other cool stars harbouring outer convection zones manifest magnetic activity in their atmospheres. The connection between this activity and the properties of a deep-seated dynamo generating the magnetic flux is not well understood. By employing physical models, we study the spatial and temporal characteristics of the observable surface field for various stellar parameters. We combine models for magnetic flux generation, buoyancy instability, and transport, which encompass the entire convection zone. The model components are: (1) a thin-layer alpha-Omega dynamo at the base of the convection zone; (2) buoyancy instabilities and the rise of flux tubes through the convection zone in 3D, which provides a physically consistent determination of emergence latitudes and tilt angles; and (3) horizontal flux transport at the surface. For solar-type stars and rotation periods longer than about 10 days, the latitudinal dynamo waves generated by the deep-seated alpha-Omega dynamo are faithfully reflected by the surface distribution of magnetic flux. For rotation periods of the order of two days, however, Coriolis acceleration of rising flux loops leads to surface flux emergence at much higher latitudes than the dynamo waves at the bottom of the convection zone reach. A similar result is found for a K0V star with a rotation period of two days. In the case of a rapidly rotating K1 subgiant, overlapping dynamo waves lead to noisy activity cycles and mixed-polarity fields at high latitudes.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Magnetic correlations in three-dimensional ising spin glasses
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Ingo
name: Binder, K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: By a recursive method numerically exact free energies are calculated forL×L×M Ising lattices with random bonds andL=4, 4lEMlE10, applying free boundaries in the direction where the lattice is less small and otherwise periodic boundary conditions. Both for the±J model and the gaussian model the specific heat is in fair agreement with Monte Carlo results obtained for much larger lattices. However, the correlation function [langS 0 S R rang T 2 ]av is found to decay exponentially with distanceR [for 1lapRlE9] at temperatures far below the apparent freezing temperatures of the Monte Carlo simulations, implying that there is no nonzero Edwards-Anderson order parameter in equilibrium. This behavior is qualitatively different from Mattis spin glasses (or Ising ferromagnets) where even smaller lattices show pronounced magnetic order at low temperatures. As the Monte Carlo results give evidence for a nonzero Edwards-Anderson order parameter (for not too long observation times), which is fairly independent of lattice size down to sizes of 43, we suggest that Edwards-Anderson ordering is a nonequilibrium phenomenon visible only in studying dynamic properties.
Phase transition in the ±J Ising-spin-glass model
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Ingo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The two-dimensional ±J model (antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic bonds at random) is studied by transfer-matrix and Monte Carlo calculations. Large clusters of spins pointing in one direction are found for 0.12
Enumeration of snakes and cycle-alternating permutations
Creators: name: Josuat-Vergès, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Springer numbers are an analog of Euler numbers for the group of signed permutations. Arnol'd showed that they count some objects called snakes, that generalize alternating permutations. Hoffman established a link between Springer numbers, snakes, and some polynomials related with the successive derivatives of trigonometric functions. The goal of this article is to give further combinatorial properties of derivative polynomials, in terms of snakes and other objects: cycle-alternating permutations, weighted Dyck or Motzkin paths, increasing trees and forests. We obtain the generating functions, in terms of trigonometric functions for exponential ones and in terms of J-fractions for ordinary ones. We also define natural q-analogs, make a link with normal ordering problems and combinatorial theory of differential equations.
description: 22 pages
Phenomenology of Axion Dark Matter
Creators: name: Pargner, Andreas
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019
Subjects: Axion
Dark Matter Phenomenology
Astrophysics
Cosmology

description: Ein guter Kandidat für die Dunkle Materie in unserem Universum ist das Axion. Es hat seinen Ursprung in der Lösung von Peccei und Quinn für das starke $\mathrm{CP}$ Problem. In der vorliegenden Arbeit, betrachten wir phenomenologische Konsequenzen von Axion-Dunkler-Materie, welche hauptsächliche durch die kosmologische Entwicklung des Axionfeldes hervorgerufen wird.

Unser Hauptaugenmerk liegt hierbei auf Szenarios in denen die Peccei-Quinn-Symmetry nach einer inflationären Phase gebrochen wird. Hier erwarten wir starke, so genannte isocurvature Fluktuationen in der Axionenergiedichte. Diese können schon in einer frühen Phase des Universums von der kosmologischen Expansion entkoppeln und in gravitativ gebundene Objekte kollabieren. Diese werden Axion-Minicluster genannt. Indem wir die Massenfunktion dieser Minicluster berechnen, können wir das erste mal Vorhersagen für ihre Verteilung bezüglich der Masse und der Größe machen. Für ein QCD Axion mit der Masse $m_a\sim \mu\mathrm{eV}$ finde wir zum Beispiel typische Miniclustermassen von $M_{\mathrm{MC}}\sim 10^{-13}M_{\odot}$ und Größen von etwa $10^6~\mathrm{km}$. 

Indem wir den eigentlich Kollaps der Minicluster numerisch simulieren, können wir auch deren Gleichgewichtszustand betrachten. Denn bis jetzt ist ungeklärt, ob die Minicluster in eine statische Axionstern-Konfiguration kollabieren oder ob sie eher den Zustand ähnlich einer dünnen, virialisierten Wolke annehmen. In der Tat zeigen unsere Simulation Hinweise für letzteres. Nach einer kurzen Phase des Kollapses scheint es als ob die Minicluster tatsächlich einer dünnen Wolke ähneln, die durch ein oszillierendes Verhältnis zwischen kinetischer und potentieller Energie gekennzeichnet ist.

In einem anderen Teil dieser Arbeit befassen wir uns mit den Effekten der isocurvature Fluktuation in der Axionenergiedichte für kosmologische Observablen, wie zum Beispiel dem kosmischem Mikrowellenhintergrund. Es stellt sich heraus, dass diese nur signifikant sind, falls das Axion extrem leicht ist. Indem wir die Daten von aktuellen Beobachtungen des kosmologischen Mikrowellenhintergrunds verwenden, können wir durch diese Effekte bereits einen großen Bereich, in dem extrem leichte Axionen die Dunkle Materie erklären können, ausschließen, nämlich Axionemassen von $10^{-24}~\mathrm{eV}-10^{-15}~\mathrm{eV}$.

Ferner betrachten wir auch kurz die experimentellen Möglichkeiten zum Nachweis von Axion-Dunkler-Materie. Es ist bekannt, dass in einem starken elektromagnetischen Feld die Axion-Dunkle-Materie schwache elektrische und magnetische Felder induziert. In einem Anhang dieser Arbeit diskutieren wir eine quantenfeldtheoretische Berechnung dieser induzierten Felder. Insbsondere betrachten wir den Zusammenhang zwischen der Ausdehnung des elektromagnetischen Feldes und der Axion-Compton-Wellenlänge.
Artist Crossing
Creators: name: Ajaero, Ucheya
name: Bullock, Abigail
name: Perkins, Abigail
name: Rahming-Williams, Nichelle
name: Riffle, Brianna
name: Boland, Margret
name: Gomez, Jose
name: Gross, Hannah
name: Mora, Adrian
name: Watson, Omari
name: Deist, Chase
name: Demircan, Zeynep
name: Garcia, Aylin
name: Jones, Amory
name: Mulé, Maya
name: Hernandez, Kevin
name: Hussien, Abdureuf
name: Merino, Sandra
name: Pipatpongsa, Chayaporn?
Publisher: name: Partnership for Action Learning Sustainability (PALS)
Year: 2023
Subjects: National Center for Smart Growth PALS
Prince George’s County
Hyattsville
UMD School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation
Environmental Planning, Parks, Greenways
Community and Social Sustainability

description: Final presentation for ARCH700: Graduate Urban Design Studio (Fall 2023). University of Maryland, College Park
description: The ARCH 700 Urban Design Graduate looked at the Four Corners site and the Arts District area in Hyattsville with the intent to understand what problems each of these communities had and how to apply best practices in urban design to each. At Four Corners, the focus was on creating a sense of place and community along University Boulevard where little of that kind of experience existed previously, and at Hyattsville, how to reimagine the urban design of the Arts District and the vacant County Service building so that a more vibrant town center could emerge. Students explored issues such as multi-modal circulation, the city grid, densification through the addition of various building typologies, community place-making, and ‘complete street’ design. All of the proposals sought to integrate new residential and other developments and create a framework for parks and urban spaces that embrace diversity and maintain historic cultural assets.
Being your best: Protocol for a feasibility study of a codesigned approach to reduce symptoms of frailty in people aged 65 years or more after transition from hospital
Creators: name: Lowthian, JA
name: Green, M
name: Meyer, Claudia
name: Cyarto, E
name: Robinson, E
name: Mills, A
name: Sutherland, F
name: Hutchinson, AM
name: Smit, DV
name: Boyd, Leanne
name: Walker, K
name: Newnham, H
name: Rose, M
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems

description: Introduction The population is ageing, with increasing health and supportive care needs. For older people, complex chronic health conditions and frailty can lead to a cascade of repeated hospitalisations and further decline. Existing solutions are fragmented and not person centred. The proposed Being Your Best programme integrates care across hospital and community settings to address symptoms of frailty. Methods and analysis A multicentre pragmatic mixed methods study aiming to recruit 80 community-dwelling patients aged ≥65 years recently discharged from hospital. Being Your Best is a codesigned 6-month programme that provides referral and linkage with existing services comprising four modules to prevent or mitigate symptoms of physical, nutritional, cognitive and social frailty. Feasibility will be assessed in terms of recruitment, acceptability of the intervention to participants and level of retention in the programme. Changes in frailty (Modified Reported Edmonton Frail Scale), cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), functional ability (Barthel and Lawton), loneliness (University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale-3 items) and nutrition (Malnutrition Screening Tool) will also be measured at 6 and 12 months. Ethics and dissemination The study has received approval from Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (RES-19-0000904L). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference and seminar presentations.
TNIK, a novel androgen receptor-repressed gene, is a potential biomarker for neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Creators: name: Nip, Ka Mun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) is a serine/threonine kinase upregulated and amplified in pancreatic and gastric cancer respectively. TNIK has also been identified as a potential therapeutic target of colorectal cancer. However, the role of TNIK in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been investigated. Interrogating public human PCa patient data, we found that TNIK expression is associated with an aggressive form of PCa termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Treatment-induced NEPC can arise as a consequence of strong selective pressure from androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibition. Clinically, TNIK expression is positively correlated with neuroendocrine (NE) markers and inversely correlated with androgen regulated genes. In agreement, our in vitro studies reveal that TNIK expression is increased under AR pathway inhibition. We found that TNIK is transcriptionally repressed by androgen via direct binding of the AR at the TNIK locus. Through gain of function studies, we demonstrated that TNIK is not required for NE differentiation. Likewise, loss of function studies using siRNA or small molecule inhibitors targeting TNIK did not have significant effect on the growth of Enzalutamide-resistant cells with NE phenotype in vitro. Overall, our results indicate that TNIK may serve as a possible biomarker for NEPC.
Being your best: Protocol for a feasibility study of a codesigned approach to reduce symptoms of frailty in people aged 65 years or more after transition from hospital
Creators: name: JA Lowthian
name: M Green
name: Meyer, Claudia
name: E Cyarto
name: E Robinson
name: A Mills
name: F Sutherland
name: AM Hutchinson
name: DV Smit
name: L Boyd
name: K Walker
name: H Newnham
name: M Rose
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Introduction The population is ageing, with increasing health and supportive care needs. For older people, complex chronic health conditions and frailty can lead to a cascade of repeated hospitalisations and further decline. Existing solutions are fragmented and not person centred. The proposed Being Your Best programme integrates care across hospital and community settings to address symptoms of frailty. Methods and analysis A multicentre pragmatic mixed methods study aiming to recruit 80 community-dwelling patients aged ≥65 years recently discharged from hospital. Being Your Best is a codesigned 6-month programme that provides referral and linkage with existing services comprising four modules to prevent or mitigate symptoms of physical, nutritional, cognitive and social frailty. Feasibility will be assessed in terms of recruitment, acceptability of the intervention to participants and level of retention in the programme. Changes in frailty (Modified Reported Edmonton Frail Scale), cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), functional ability (Barthel and Lawton), loneliness (University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale-3 items) and nutrition (Malnutrition Screening Tool) will also be measured at 6 and 12 months. Ethics and dissemination The study has received approval from Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (RES-19-0000904L). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference and seminar presentations.
Learning from artisanal miners : a model for designing training programs with and for the artisanal mining sectoa
Creators: name: Stocklin-Weinberg, Ruby
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Worldwide, approximately 30 million people depend directly on artisanal mining of many different minerals to provide for themselves and their families. There has yet to be a successful and concerted effort to tackle the barriers which keep artisanal miners trapped in a cycle of poverty and poor environmental and health practices. The purpose of this thesis is to define how a successful training program for artisanal miners should be designed and how the program can be measured and evaluated. This research posits that for a training program to be successful, it should be designed based on a deep appreciation for the unique context in which the training takes place. Monitoring and evaluation of the program must be conducted thoroughly and consistently. Qualitative research methods were used to analyze a suite of training programs for artisanal miners to inform the design of a suite of Training Needs Assessment research tools, which were field-tested in Indonesia. This study found that training programs on mitigating environmental impacts of artisanal mining, formalizing artisanal miners, mercury eradication and occupational health and safety have not taken into account the context of the artisanal mining sector. The needs and motivations of the miners are often ignored and therefore, training programs have seen little sustained success. The amount of time and patience it requires for there to be uptake is often overlooked. A six-step framework for training artisanal miners was developed as an output of this thesis and can be used by practitioners so that the design, launch and evaluation of training programs for artisanal miners can be done more thoroughly and consistently.
Paired phases and Bose-Einstein condensation of spin-one bosons with attractive interaction
Creators: name: Pelka, G.
name: Byczuk, K.
name: Tworzydlo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze paired phases of cold bosonic atoms with the hyper spin S=1 and with an attractive interaction. We derive mean-field self-consistent equations for the matrix order parameter describing such paired bosons on an optical lattice. The possible solutions are classified according to their symmetries. In particular, we find that the self-consistent equations for the SO(3) symmetric phase are of the same form as those for the scalar bosons with the attractive interaction. This singlet phase may exhibit either the BCS type pairing instability (BCS phase) or the BEC quasiparticle condensation together with the BCS type pairing (BEC phase) for an arbitrary attraction U_0 in the singlet channel of the two body interaction. We show that both condensate phases become stable if a repulsion U_2 in the quintet channel is above a critical value, which depends on U_0 and other thermodynamic parameters.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
The targum (1877:Dec.)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1877

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Universality of the Small-Scale Dynamo Mechanism
Creators: name: Moll, R.
name: Graham, J. Pietarila
name: Pratt, J.
name: Cameron, R. H.
name: Müller, W. -C.
name: Schüssler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify possible differences between turbulent dynamo action in the Sun and the dynamo action studied in idealized simulations. For this purpose we compare Fourier-space shell-to-shell energy transfer rates of three incrementally more complex dynamo simulations: an incompressible, periodic simulation driven by random flow, a simulation of Boussinesq convection, and a simulation of fully compressible convection that includes physics relevant to the near-surface layers of the Sun. For each of the simulations studied, we find that the dynamo mechanism is universal in the kinematic regime because energy is transferred from the turbulent flow to the magnetic field from wavenumbers in the inertial range of the energy spectrum. The addition of physical effects relevant to the solar near-surface layers, including stratification, compressibility, partial ionization, and radiative energy transport, does not appear to affect the nature of the dynamo mechanism. The role of inertial-range shear stresses in magnetic field amplification is independent from outer-scale circumstances, including forcing and stratification. Although the shell-to-shell energy transfer functions have similar properties to those seen in mean-flow driven dynamos in each simulation studied, the saturated states of these simulations are not universal because the flow at the driving wavenumbers is a significant source of energy for the magnetic field.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Dust in the early Universe: Evidence for non-stellar dust production or observational errors?
Creators: name: Mattsson, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations have revealed unexpectedly large amounts of dust in high-redshift galaxies and its origin is still much debated. Valiante et al. (2009, MNRAS, 397, 1661) suggested the net stellar dust production of the quasar host galaxy SDSS J1148+5251 may be sufficient to explain the large dust mass detected in this galaxy, albeit under some very special assumptions (e.g., 'closed box' evolution and a rather high gas mass). Here it is shown that since accretion of essentially pristine material may lower the efficiency of dust formation significantly, and the observationally derived dust-to-gas ratios for these high-redshift galaxies are remarkably high, stellar dust production is likely insufficient. A model including metallicity-dependent, non-stellar dust formation ('secondary dust') is presented. The required contribution from this non-stellar dust component appears too large, however. If all observational constraints are to be met, the resultant dust-to-metals ratio is close to unity, which means that almost all interstellar metals exist in the form dust. This is a very unlikely situation and suggests the large dust-to-gas ratios at high-redshifts may be due to observational uncertainties and/or or incorrect calibration of conversion factors for gas and dust tracers.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Surface tensions and surface potentials of acid solutions
Creators: name: Santos, Alexandre P. dos
name: Levin, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory is presented which allows us to quantitatively calculate the excess surface tension of acid solutions. The H^+, in the form of hydronium ion, is found to be strongly adsorbed to the solution-air interface. To account for the electrostatic potential difference measured experimentally, it is necessary to assume that the hydronium ion is oriented with its hydrogens pointing into the bulk water. The theory is quantitatively accurate for surface tensions and is qualitative for electrostatic potential difference across the air-water interface.
Binary Neutron Stars in Quasi-equilibrium
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Keisuke
name: Shibata, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-equilibrium sequences of binary neutron stars are constructed for a variety of equations of state in general relativity. Einstein's constraint equations in the Isenberg-Wilson-Mathews approximation are solved together with the relativistic equations of hydrostationary equilibrium under the assumption of irrotational flow. We focus on unequal-mass sequences as well as equal-mass sequences, and compare those results. We investigate the behavior of the binding energy and total angular momentum along a quasi-equilibrium sequence, the endpoint of sequences, and the orbital angular velocity as a function of time, changing the mass ratio, the total mass of the binary system, and the equation of state of a neutron star. It is found that the orbital angular velocity at the mass-shedding limit can be determined by an empirical formula derived from an analytic estimation. We also provide tables for 160 sequences which will be useful as a guideline of numerical simulations for the inspiral and merger performed in the near future.
description: 66 pages, 26 figures, 6 tables, aastex
Developing a Career-Focused, Diverse Mentoring Program for Underrepresented STEM Undergraduates
Creators: name: Wayman, Annica
name: Stolle-McAllister, Kathleen
name: LaCourse, William
Publisher: name: The University of New Mexico
Year: 2024

description: The racial and gender composition of the STEM workforce and holders of advanced degrees still has low representation from those traditionally underrepresented groups (URGs) in STEM. Having little representation of URGs in the STEM workforce, especially among academic faculty, perpetuates the issue of STEM students having few, if any, diverse STEM faculty to engage which has been shown to hinder retention in STEM. While involving STEM students from URGs in research mentoring experiences with non-minority faculty mentors addresses this issue to some extent, it also may limit a student’s exposure to STEM careers beyond academic research which may help retain them. Thus, the UMBC STEM BUILD program developed and implemented a career-focused mentoring program that included a broad array of STEM professions from URGs to support career development of 2nd year STEM students.
Search-space smoothing for combinatorial optimization problems
Creators: name: Schneider, Johannes
name: Dankesreiter, Markus
name: Fettes, Werner
name: Morgenstern, Ingo
name: Schmid, Martin
name: Singer, Johannes Maria
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Optimization; Monte Carlo; Traveling salesman; Great deluge; Smoothing; Local searc
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 02.50.-r; 02.50.Ga; 02.70.Lg; 89.20.+a; 89.80.+h; 89.90.+n

description: Commonly there are two types of local search approaches known to treat combinatorial optimization problems with very complex search-space structure: One is to introduce very complicated types of local move classes, allowing a bypass of high energetic barriers separating different minima. The second is introducing a control-parameter (i.e. temperature in physics terminology) dependent state space walker, which is — depending on this control parameter — more or less easily able to climb over barriers. A third, less well-known, but very obvious approach is to smooth the search space, i.e. to eliminate barriers between low-energy configurations and therefore to allow a fast and easy approach to the global optimum. This procedure will be discussed in depth in the following work.
Internal magnetic fields in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ from muon spin rotation experiments
Creators: name: Pümpin, B.
name: Keller, H.-J.
name: Kündig, W.
name: Odermatt, W.
name: Patterson, B. D.
name: Schneider, J. W.
name: Simmler, H.
name: Conell, S.
name: Müller, K. A.
name: Bednorz, J. G.
name: Morgenstern, Ingo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Muon spin rotation (mgrSR) measurements of the internal magnetic fields in sintered YBa2Cu3O7–delta samples are reported. Pronounced differences between field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) mgrSR signals, hysteresis effects and flux trapping are observed. The mgrSR results are compared with the results of macroscopic experiments (susceptibility, magnetization, resistivity) and with predictions obtained from models of weakly-coupled superconducting regions.
The economic case for prevention in young people’s mental health: school-based recognition of risk of psychosis
Creators: name: McDaid, David
name: A-La Park
name: Hopkin, Gareth
name: Knapp, Martin
name: Evans-Lacko, Sara
Publisher: name: AMRC Open Research
Year: 2019

description: This report summarises a model of the potential economic impact of early identification of psychosis.

This work was funded and conducted by MQ: Transforming mental health
Impact Consulting Fellowship: Strategic Recommendations for Community Forklift
Creators: name: Doncheva, Alexandra
name: Salunkhe, Ashish
name: Sfakiyanudis, Dimitri
name: Patel, Harshil
name: Huang, Julia
name: Lek, Kim
name: Mahajan, Mohnish
name: Cassell, Peter
name: Murumkar, Tanvi
name: Patil, Rutwik
Publisher: name: Partnership for Action Learning Sustainability (PALS)
Year: 2023
Subjects: National Center for Smart Growth
PALS
Prince George’s County
Hyattsville, Maryland
Robert H. Smith School of Business
Economic Development
Community and Social Sustainability

description: Final presentation for Impact Consulting Fellowship (Fall 2023). University of Maryland, College Park
description: A visit to the Community Forklift warehouse, allowed us to view operational processes and bottlenecks, and social media and advertising data, our team has the following suggestions to meet Community Forklift’s goals to boost revenue, increase consumer base, engage the community, donate items away, and help keep items out of the landfill by finding them new homes. Community Forklift has a unique spirit, and we believe people will want to be part of an organization with a great mission, acting to make a difference. We believe Community Forklift is a great cause and our suggestions aim for smoother and more effective ways to meet the mission.
Implicit Gradient-Modulated Semantic Data Augmentation for Deep Crack Recognition
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuangzhuang
name: Lu, Ronghao
name: Chen, Jie
name: Song, Houbing
name: Li, Jianqiang
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2024
Subjects: crack detection
Intelligent transportation system
Semantics
Feature extraction
Task analysis
UMBC Security and Optimization for Networked Globe Laboratory ?(SONG Lab)
semantic data augmentation
Data augmentation
Deep learning
Training
Upper bound

description: Crack detection has attracted extensive attention in an intelligent transportation system (ITS). Despite the substantial progress of deep learning technology on crack recognition tasks, due to the various limitations in traffic, equipment, and time, it is hard to collect copious samples for training deep models. Considering this, implicitly semantic data augmentation (ISDA) tries to augment the training set in the feature space. However, when applying it to crack recognition tasks, our empirical studies reveal that those poor-classified augmented samples have little semantic relevance to the crack class, resulting in a non-negligible negative effect on training deep models. Since the augmented features follow the multivariate normal distribution, it is computationally inefficient to explicitly sample those features and filter out the hard-classified augmented features. To this end, we propose the implicit gradient-modulated semantic data augmentation (IGMSDA) for addressing the above problems. Concretely, this paper first proposes gradient-modulated (GM) loss to dynamically modulate the gradient of those poor-classified augmented samples by reshaping the standard cross-entropy loss. And then, in the feature space, we derive an upper bound of the expected GM loss on the augmented training set to avoid the costly explicit sampling process. Experiments show that IGMSDA improves the generalization performance of the existing deep models on crack recognition datasets.
Finite energy barriers in the random-bond Ising model
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Ingo
name: Horner, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The statistical mechanics of finite L×L Ising square lattices in a field ±h of random sign is investigated numerically by a modified recursive transfer matrix method for 6
Implications of Adat Criminal Law incorporation into the New Indonesian Criminal Code: Strengthening or weakening?
Creators: name: Yoserwan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Criminal Law Reform in Indonesia to replace colonial criminal law has accommodated Adat (Customary) Criminal Law in the NCC. However, the incorporation of Adat Criminal Law has raised some criticism and questions because it could endanger the existence of Adat Criminal Law itself. This paper examines the implications of Adat Criminal Law incorporation in the New Criminal Criminal Code that will be in force in the next 3 years. This study applies normative legal research methods. This study concludes that although the purpose of regulating customary criminal law in the NCC is to provide a legal basis and protection for applying Adat Criminal Law, incorporating Adat Criminal Law in the NCC will deprive the characteristic of Adat Law as a living law. The incorporation has limited the coverage of Adat Crime to crimes that are of note covered by the NCC, while Adat Crime itself covers broad types of crime. The accommodation of Adat Criminal Law in the NCC has placed Adat criminal law as a subordination of state law, and its implementation will be under the state Criminal Justice System and will marginalize the Adat Justice institution. The NCC should only regulate the recognition and support of Adat Criminal Law as a separate legal system and let the Adat community practice and implement its law. The State Criminal Justice System should only intervene when requested to protect public or state interest.
Local anharmonic vibrations strong correlations and superconductivity: A quantum simulation study
Creators: name: Frick, M.
name: Von der Linden, Wolfgang
name: Morgenstern, Ingo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We investigate the importance of local anharmonic vibrations of the bridging oxygen in the copper oxide high-T c materials in the context of superconductivity. For the numerical simulation we employ the projector quantum Monte Carlo method to study the ground state properties of the coupled electron-phonon system. The quantum Monte Carlo simulation allows an accurate treatment of electronic interactions which investigates the influence of strong correlations on superconductivity mediated by additional quantum degrees of freedom. As a generic model for such a system, we study the two-dimensional single band Hubbard model coupled to local pseudo spins (bridging oxygen), which mediate an effective attractive electron-electron interaction leading to superconductivity. The results are compared to those of an effective negativeU model.
Measuring Black Hole Spin by the Continuum-Fitting Method: Effect of Deviations from the Novikov-Thorne Disc Model
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Akshay K.
name: Penna, Robert F.
name: Shcherbakov, Roman V.
name: Steiner, James F.
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Sadowski, Aleksander
name: Zhu, Yucong
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
name: Davis, Shane W.
name: McKinney, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray spectra of accretion discs of eight stellar-mass black holes have been analyzed to date using the thermal continuum fitting method, and the spectral fits have been used to estimate the spin parameters of the black holes. However, the underlying model used in this method of estimating spin is the general relativistic thin-disc model of Novikov & Thorne, which is only valid for razor-thin discs. We therefore expect errors in the measured values of spin due to inadequacies in the theoretical model. We investigate this issue by computing spectra of numerically calculated models of thin accretion discs around black holes, obtained via three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. We apply the continuum fitting method to these computed spectra to estimate the black hole spins and check how closely the values match the actual spin used in the GRMHD simulations. We find that the error in the dimensionless spin parameter is up to about 0.2 for a non-spinning black hole, depending on the inclination. For black holes with spins of 0.7, 0.9 and 0.98, the errors are up to about 0.1, 0.03 and 0.01 respectively. These errors are comparable to or smaller than those arising from current levels of observational uncertainty. Furthermore, we estimate that the GRMHD simulated discs from which these error estimates are obtained correspond to effective disc luminosities of about 0.4-0.7 Eddington, and that the errors will be smaller for discs with luminosities of 0.3 Eddington or less, which are used in the continuum-fitting method. We thus conclude that use of the Novikov-Thorne thin-disc model does not presently limit the accuracy of the continuum-fitting method of measuring black hole spin.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. v2: fixed typo in author name, updated acknowledgments
The economic case for prevention in young people’s mental health: school-based resilience programmes
Creators: name: McDaid, David
name: Hopkin, Gareth
name: Knapp, Martin
name: Evans-Lacko, Sara
Publisher: name: AMRC Open Research
Year: 2019

description: This report summarises a model of the potential economic impact of school-based resilience interventions taking into account effects on educational attainment and future earnings.

This work was funded and conducted by MQ: Transforming mental health
Dynamics of the (spin-) Hall effect in topological insulators and graphene
Creators: name: Dóra, Balázs
name: Moessner, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A single two-dimensional Dirac cone with a mass gap produces a quantized (spin-) Hall step in the absence of magnetic field. What happens in strong electric fields? This question is investigated by analyzing time evolution and dynamics of the (spin-) Hall effect. After switching on a longitudinal electric field, a stationary Hall current is reached through damped oscillations. The Hall conductivity remains quantized as long as the electric field (E) is too weak to induce Landau-Zener transitions, but quantization breaks down for strong fields and the conductivity decreases as 1/sqrt{E}. These apply to the (spin-) Hall conductivity of graphene and the Hall and magnetoelectric response of topological insulators.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Discovering the constrained NMSSM with tau leptons at the LHC
Creators: name: Ellwanger, Ulrich
name: Florent, Alice
name: Zerwas, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The constrained Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (cNMSSM) with mSugra-like boundary conditions at the GUT scale implies a singlino-like LSP with a mass just a few GeV below a stau NLSP. Hence, most of the squark/gluino decay cascades contain two tau leptons. The gluino mass >~ 1.2 TeV is somewhat larger than the squark masses of >~ 1 TeV. We simulate signal and background events for such a scenario at the LHC, and propose cuts on the transverse momenta of two jets, the missing transverse energy and the transverse momentum of a hadronically decaying tau lepton. This dedicated analysis allows to improve on the results of generic supersymmetry searches for a large part of the parameter space of the cNMSSM. The distribution of the effective mass and the signal rate provide sensitivity to distinguish the cNMSSM from the constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model in the stau-coannihilation region.
description: 18 pages, 3 Figures
Feshbach spectroscopy and analysis of the interaction potentials of ultracold sodium
Creators: name: Knoop, S.
name: Schuster, T.
name: Scelle, R.
name: Trautmann, A.
name: Appmeier, J.
name: Oberthaler, M. K.
name: Tiesinga, E.
name: Tiemann, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied magnetic Feshbach resonances in an ultracold sample of Na prepared in the absolute hyperfine ground state. We report on the observation of three s-, eight d-, and three g-wave Feshbach resonances, including a more precise determination of two known s-wave resonances, and one s-wave resonance at a magnetic field exceeding 200mT. Using a coupled-channels calculation we have improved the sodium ground-state potentials by taking into account these new experimental data, and derived values for the scattering lengths. In addition, a description of the molecular states leading to the Feshbach resonances in terms of the asymptotic-bound-state model is presented.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Evidence Against Spin-Glass Order in the Two-Dimensional Random-Bond Ising Model
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Ingo
name: Binder, K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: By recursive methods, numerically exact free energies are calculated for L×L Ising lattices with bonds of randomly chosen sign, with 6
Trapping Reactions of an Intermediate Containing a Tungsten-Phosphorus Triple Bond with Alkynes
Creators: name: Schiffer, Michael
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: alkynes; cycloaddition; intermediates; P ligands; tungsten
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The thermolysis of the phosphinidene complex [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2] (1) in toluene in the presence of tBuCCMe leads to the four-membered ring complexes [[{2-C(Me)C(tBu)}Cp*(CO)W(3-P){W(CO)3}]{4:1:1-P{W(CO)5}WCp*(CO)C(Me)C(tBu)}] (4) as the major product and [[W{Cp*(CO)2}W(CO)2WCp*(CO){1:1-C(Me)C(tBu)}](,3:2:1-P2{W(CO)5}] (5). The reaction of 1 with PhCCPh leads to [[W(CO)2{2-C(Ph)C(Ph)}][(4:1-P{W(CO)5}W{Cp*(CO)2}C(Ph)C(Ph)]] (6). The products 4 and 6 can be regarded as the formal cycloaddition products of the phosphido complex intermediate [Cp*(CO)2WPW(CO)5] (B), formed by Cp* migration within the phosphinidene complex 1. Furthermore, the reaction of 1 with PhCCPh gives the minor product [[{2:1-C(Ph)C(Ph)}2{W(CO)4}2]{,1:1-P{C(Me){C(Me)}3C(Me)}{C(Ph)}{C(Ph)}] (7) as a result of a 1,3-dipolaric cycloaddition of the alkyne into a phosphaallylic subunit of the Cp*P moiety of 1. Compounds 4-7 have been characterized by means of their spectroscopic data as well as by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis.
Dielectric function of the semiconductor hole gas
Creators: name: Schliemann, John
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Condensed matter: electrical, magnetic and optical
subject: 530 Physik

description: The semiconductor hole gas can be viewed as the companion of the classic interacting electron gas with a more complicated band structure and plays a crucial role in the understanding of ferromagnetic semiconductors. Here we study the dielectric function of a homogeneous hole gas in zinc blende III–V bulk semiconductors within random phase approximation with the valence band being modeled by Luttinger's Hamiltonian in the spherical approximation. In the static limit we find a beating of Friedel oscillations between the two Fermi momenta for heavy and light holes, while at large frequencies dramatic corrections to the plasmon dispersion occur.