Was Dirac right about Gravity?
Creators: name: Kulick, John
name: None
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The Physicist Paul Dirac believed that the effect of gravity diminished over cosmological time*. The consequences of such a proposal with respect to the evolution of stars is interesting to consider. It will be shown that a number of issues in astronomy are either resolved, or less dependent upon "after the fact fixes". For example, in the past our sun would produce more energy in the past due to the increased internal pressure. This would resolve the, "The Faint Young Sun Paradox". The increased effect of gravity would speed up the evolutionary rates for stars. This would explain why the majority of papers written on the age estimates of some stars determine that there are "Stars Older than the Universe". In the past, it would also take much less mass to form a star, so stars would more quickly consume their fuel and produce the heavier elements or "metals", both from fusion and explosions. This would explain unexpected evidence of "metals" in highly red shifted or very young quasars and galaxies which do not have stars old enough for the production of metals. Hypothetical Population III stars would not be required. The increased pressure in the earliest stars would also resolve the "Missing Lithium Problem" since temperatures would be hot enough to "burn" Lithium. At very early ages, the effect of gravity would be so intense that even masses equivalent to that of Jupiter and Saturn would become very small stars, this would explain the apparent "excess" heat being emitted from these planets. In a young Universe (z ≈2), the mass equivalent our sun would be distributed in several smaller "mini proto stars". When one of these small proto-stars would explode, the outrush of energy from the mini supernova into the surrounding mini proto stars would result in cascading stellar explosions, producing many of the characteristics of quasars. Evidence of a proto mini star exploding near the center of our Solar System is evidenced by the following. The angular momentum of the solar system is dispersed outwards instead of being concentrated with the mass of the Sun. The discovery of unique radioactive Isotopes ratios of Xeon that can only be produced by a supernova. A mini stellar explosion would explain the loss of the outer atmospheres from the inner most planets. The reduced size of Mars compared to its neighbors can be explained by a collision interfering with the process of accumulating mass. This era of powerful planetesimal collisions also explains, the formation of the asteroid belt and source for meteors, comets, Uranus's "upside down" axis of spin, and the impact of a large mass and/or series of impacts with Earth that resulted in the formation of our Moon. The increased effect of gravity in the past also explains how very young galaxies can be disk-shaped, as much greater number of "pass through" collisions become possible, thereby forming a disk. The proposed Decelerating Stellar Evolution Model in this paper is based on applying the variation in the effect of gravity and inertial mass using the geometrically defined relationships presented in two previously published papers, "A Multidimensional Expansion of Spacetime", and "Could the Inertial Content of Matter Diminished over Cosmological Time?", A = T -4/3; Mi-1/3 = T. A = A1/ Ao = Past acceleration experienced/ Present acceleration experienced; Mi = Past value of Inertial Mass / Present value of Inertial Mass. T = T1/To = Location in Cosmological or Historical Time / Age of Universe.