cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Novel rhenium and technetium metal complexes of N-centred tripodal phosphine ligands towards SPECT imaging
Creators: name: Cooper, Saul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The design and synthesis of targeted radiopharmaceuticals incorporating the diagnostic technetium-99m radioisotope for use in molecular imaging is an ongoing research endeavour in nuclear medicine. Despite notable successes in the use of diphosphines for the formulation of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals in the past, such as [99mTc]-[TcO2(tetrofosmin)2]+ for myocardial perfusion imaging, heterofunctionalised phosphines remain an underexplored class of ligand in the design of new imaging agents based on molecular targeting units. The work presented in this thesis applies the NP2PhXR class of heterofunctionalised phosphines, which has been shown to exhibit robust and tuneable coordination chemistry with several transition metals, to the coordination chemistry of technetium and its heavier congener rhenium. This class of ligand is readily synthesisable and the third arm of N-centred tripodal unit can be further functionalised to facilitate tridentate coordination to a metal centre or reactivity towards the formation of bioconjugate functional groups. The coordination chemistry of both the parent ligand (NP3Ph) and a phenol-functionalised variant (NP2PhOHAr) have been applied to the coordination chemistry of the [ReVO]3+ unit to explore a [3+2] mixed-ligand approach towards the formation of novel 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. In the case of the latter ligand, a wide range of derivatives can be obtained following tridentate coordination of the ligand. Such chemistry has also been extended to [ReV(NPh)]3+ imido units, and the long-lived Tc radioisotope 99Tc. Further derivatisation of the NP2PhXR scaffold has led to the synthesis of several novel ligands bearing N-heterocyclic donors, which have been shown to coordinate effectively to [ReI(CO)3]+ units. These ligands could provide the basis of novel tridentate bifunctional chelators for application to the [99mTc]-[Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ core. The robust bidentate coordination exhibited by NP2PhXR has also provided the basis for the synthesis of a series of [ReI(CO)3]+ complexes based on a [2+1] mixed-ligand strategy. Thermal decarbonylation of [ReI(CO)3]+ complexes bearing NP2PhXR ligands has facilitated the synthesis of a novel class of [2+2] cis-[Re(CO)2]+ complexes bearing diimine co-ligands. These complexes have been shown to exhibit MLCT emission bands in the 580 – 600 nm range. NP2PhXR ligands have been applied in the synthesis of [ReVO2(NP2PhXR)2]+ complexes, which provide a basis for the extension of such heterofunctionalised phosphines to 99mTc radiochemistry.
Massive stars in colliding wind systems: the GLAST perspective
Creators: name: Reimer, Anita
name: Reimer, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colliding winds of massive stars in binary systems are considered as candidate sites of high-energy non-thermal photon emission. They are already among the suggested counterparts for a few individual unidentified EGRET sources, but may constitute a detectable source population for the GLAST observatory. The present work investigates such population study of massive colliding wind systems at high-energy gamma-rays. Based on the recent detailed model (Reimer et al. 2006) for non-thermal photon production in prime candidate systems, we unveil the expected characteristics of this source class in the observables accessible at LAT energies. Combining the broadband emission model with the presently cataloged distribution of such systems and their individual parameters allows us to conclude on the expected maximum number of LAT-detections among massive stars in colliding wind binary systems.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures; to appear in the Proc. of the First Int. GLAST Symp. (Stanford, Feb. 5-8, 2007), eds. S.Ritz, P.F.Michelson, and C.Meegan, AIP Conf. Proc
Machine learning applied to genotype and omics data integration for the study of loci-trait associations
Creators: name: Leal Ayala, Luis Guillermo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The genetic basis of human diseases remains elusive in spite of substantial research. A huge volume of genotyping data are being produced to understand the association between single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and traits, facilitate diagnoses and outcome assessment. It is also known that regression models used in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) identify loci with strong effect size, whereas GWAS meta-analyses are often needed to capture weak loci contributing to the missing heritability. Therefore, strategies for data reduction and integration are required to expand the landscape of disease-causative genes. The main goal of this research is to develop a machine learning algorithm for merging genotype data with other omics data and enhance the prioritisation of disease-associated genes. This thesis details the development of a data fusion framework called Corrected Non-negative Matrix Factorisation (cNMTF) for prioritising SNV/genes with biological and genetic relevance in categorical traits. cNMTF captures the interrelatedness between variants data, gene networks, patients' phenotypes and their ancestry. cNMTF was evaluated in the prioritisation of genes and SNVs associated with lipid traits (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides) in Finnish and American cohorts. Under the principle of guilt-by-association, the method was tuned to enrich the output with previously identified genes ($p=9\times10^{-14}$, hypergeometric test), while capturing novel candidate genes that could play a biological role in patients with extreme lipid levels. A total of 265 genes were prioritised, including novel pleiotropic genes and regulators of lipid metabolism. My algorithm represents an advancement in the integration of heterogeneous data to leverage association signals and complement GWAS results using networks. Its mathematical formulation could help in the development of further integrative approaches, and its results can complement state-of-art methods for mutually enhancing gene target discovery.
High amplification laser-pressure optic enables ultra-low uncertainty measurements at kilowatts
Creators: name: Artusio-Glimpse, Alexandra B.
name: Rogers, Kyle A.
name: Williams, Paul A.
name: Lehman, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurements of kilowatt laser power with an uncertainty less than 1 %. These represent progress toward the most accurate measurements of laser power above 1 kW at 1070 nm wavelength and establish a more precise link between force metrology and laser power metrology. Radiation pressure, or photon momentum, is a relatively new method of non-destructively measuring laser power. We demonstrate how a multiple reflection optical system amplifies the pressure of a kilowatt class laser incoherently to improve the signal to noise ratio in a radiation pressure-based measurement. With 14 incoherent reflections of the laser, we measure a total uncertainty of 0.26 % for an input power of 10 kW and 0.46 % for an input power of 1 kW at the 95 % confidence level. These measurements of absolute power are traceable to the SI kilogram and mark a state-of-the-art improvement in measurement precision by a factor of four.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, submitted to IOP journal
Co-learning: Learning from Noisy Labels with Self-supervision
Creators: name: Tan, Cheng
name: Xia, Jun
name: Wu, Lirong
name: Li, Stan Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Noisy labels, resulting from mistakes in manual labeling or webly data collecting for supervised learning, can cause neural networks to overfit the misleading information and degrade the generalization performance. Self-supervised learning works in the absence of labels and thus eliminates the negative impact of noisy labels. Motivated by co-training with both supervised learning view and self-supervised learning view, we propose a simple yet effective method called Co-learning for learning with noisy labels. Co-learning performs supervised learning and self-supervised learning in a cooperative way. The constraints of intrinsic similarity with the self-supervised module and the structural similarity with the noisily-supervised module are imposed on a shared common feature encoder to regularize the network to maximize the agreement between the two constraints. Co-learning is compared with peer methods on corrupted data from benchmark datasets fairly, and extensive results are provided which demonstrate that Co-learning is superior to many state-of-the-art approaches.
description: ACM Multimedia 2021
The life of Severus Alexander
Creators: name: Ertel, Andrea Beverly
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: There has been no biography published in English of the Emperor Severus Alexander since that of Hopkins in 1907. Jarde produced a more critical work in French in 1925, but since that time much progress has been made in source criticism (especially of the Historia Augusta) and there have been epigraphical and papyrological discoveries that shed new light on his reign. It has been my aim in this thesis to re-evaluate the ancient literary sources on the basis of these advances to produce a new biographical study of the life and reign of Severus Alexander. The thesis is divided chronologically into eleven chapters. Chapter I is a brief discussion of the ancient sources. Chapter II deals with Alexander's birth and the nature of his Caesarship. The third chapter discusses his accession to the principate, the titles and powers he assumed. Chapter IV deals with the date of Julia Maesa's death based on the Feriale Duranum, the Acta Fratrum Arvalium, and other inscriptional evidence. Chapter V covers the career of Ulpian and the recently discovered date for his death based on P.Oxy. 2565. The sixth chapter includes Alexander's marriage and Julia Mamaea's role in his reign. Chapter VII covers various aspects of Alexander's administration, including the consilium principis and the office of the praefectus praetorio. It includes a discussion of the Maecenas-Agrippa debate in Book 52 of Dio's Roman History. The eighth chapter is concerned with the years 226-9 and the military uprisings during that period. Chapters IX and X deal with the Persian and Germanic Wars respectively. The eleventh and final chapter includes discussion of the date, location and causes of Alexander's murder. The evidence for a proposed visit to Egypt is discussed in Appendix I; the tradition of Alexander as a strict disciplinarian, in Appendix II.
title: Maritime airborne intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance in the High North - The role of anti-submarine warfare - 1945 to the present
Creators: name: Birkeland, John Olav
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: ISR, airborne, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, High North, North Atlantic, Maritime Patrol Aircraft, MPA, anti-submarine warfare, ASW, Russian Navy, SSN, SSGN, SSBN, Kalibr, cruise missiles, submarine, theoretical framework.

description: There is mounting consensus among NATO allies that the resurgent Russian naval and submarine activity in the High North needs to be closely monitored and kept in check. And in spite of the rise of satellite technology and unmanned aircraft, the key instrument in that effort, at least for now, remains the Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) with its Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) capabilities. However, after three decades of focus on expeditionary and counterinsurgency (COIN) warfare, there has taken place an atrophy within the MPA community of knowledge, resources, experience and practice when it comes to the ASW aspects of maritime surveillance. This atrophy occurred just as the concept of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) came to play an increasingly important role in operational planning. The concept of ISR, however, is linked to expeditionary and COIN warfare, and it pays insufficient attention to the challenges of maritime airborne surveillance and the specific challenges of ASW. This thesis seeks to address this gap. It does so by analysing the past in order to find solutions for the future. The thesis examines the entwined evolution of airborne maritime surveillance by MPA and ASW in the High North, both during and after the Cold War, and focuses on the key NATO allies of Norway, the US, and the UK. The thesis further seeks to identify the fundamental building blocks’ and tenets of these historical surveillance operations that are then used to craft a novel theoretical framework for understanding the nature and function of maritime airborne ISR and its relationship to ASW. That framework is then applied to make recommendations for the future for maritime surveillance in the High North. The thesis’s key findings of this thesis are that: • Russian submarines as the capital ships of the Russia Navy. They have morphed from noisy, predictable vessels operating in known patrol areas, to superbly silent vessels operating in unpredictable patterns, carrying world-leading cruise missiles technology that constitute a renewed threat to both European and American targets; • the traditional airborne tool to meet the submarine threat, the MPA, is crucial but not adequate in a modern context. A multi-layered, international approach is required, which will benefit from utilizing artificial intelligence for complex acoustic sensor processing.
The smallest free-electron sphere sustaining multipolar surface plasmon oscillation
Creators: name: Kolwas, K.
name: Derkachova, A.
name: Demianiuk, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the oscillation frequencies and radiative decay rates of surface plasmon modes of a simple-metal sphere as a function of sphere radius without any assumptions concerning the sphere size. We re-examine within the framework of classical electrodynamics the usual expectations for multipolar plasmon frequency in the so called "low radius limit" of the classical picture.
A self-consistent theory for graphene transport
Creators: name: Adam, Shaffique
name: Hwang, E. H.
name: Galitski, Victor
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate theoretically that most of the observed transport properties of graphene sheets at zero magnetic field can be explained by scattering from charged impurities. We find that, contrary to common perception, these properties are not universal but depend on the concentration of charged impurities $n_{\rm imp}$. For dirty samples ($250 \times 10^{10} {\rm cm}^{-2} < n_{\rm imp} < 400 \times 10^{10} {\rm cm}^{-2}$), the value of the minimum conductivity at low carrier density is indeed $4 e^2/h$ in agreement with early experiments, with weak dependence on impurity concentration. For cleaner samples, we predict that the minimum conductivity depends strongly on $n_{\rm imp}$, increasing to $8 e^2/h$ for $n_{\rm imp} \sim 20 \times 10^{10}{\rm cm}^{-2}$. A clear strategy to improve graphene mobility is to eliminate charged impurities or use a substrate with a larger dielectric constant.
description: To be published in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
The effect of food structure on energy intake and appetite regulation
Creators: name: Alrabiah, Shatha Humoud
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The beneficial effects of resistant starch on appetite regulation and body weight is well established in the literature; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Cell walls are the main source of resistant starch in human diets. Changes in dietary patterns over the recent years are dominantly characterised by highly-processed food, which commonly lack their cell-wall structure intact. Industrial processing can cause damage to the native structure of the cell wall, affecting nutrient bioavailability rate and appetitive responses. This thesis aimed to investigate the literature on food structure definition and its effect on energy intake and appetite regulation. Firstly, a systematic review of the effect of food structure on subjective appetite sensations and energy intake was conducted. It has been shown that there is a gap in the current literature on food structure definition. There are only four clinical trials found in the literature that investigated the effect of cellular wall integrity on appetite and energy intake. Secondly, cross-sectional analyses were conducted on two cohort studies to investigate the effect of food structure on energy intake; the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. Lastly, a human clinical study was conducted to investigate the acute effect of different cell-wall structure meals on a subsequent open-buffet meal, and subjective appetite ratings. The work presented in this thesis suggest that there is an inverse association between the intake of minimally-processed (intact cell-wall) food and energy intake on the long-term, however more work is required to investigate the mechanism and acute effect of food structure.
Depths of Copernican craters on lunar maria and highlands
Creators: name: Feoktistova, E. A.
name: Ipatov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study on the relationship between the ratio of the depth of a crater to its diameter and the diameter for lunar craters both on the maria and on the highlands. We consider craters younger than 1.1 billion years in age, i.e. of Copernican period. The aim of this work is to improve our understanding of such relationships based on our new estimates of the craters's depth and diameter. Previous studies considered similar relationships for much older craters (up to 3.2 billion years). We calculated the depths of craters with diameters from 10 to 100 km based on the altitude profiles derived from data obtained by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The ratio h/D of the depth h of a crater to its diameter D can diverge by up to a factor of two for craters with almost the same diameters. The linear and power approximations (regressions) of the dependence of h/D on D were made for simple and complex Copernican craters selected from the data from Mazrouei et al. (2019) and Losiak et al. (2015). For the separation of highland craters into two groups based only on their dependences of h/D on D, at D<18 km these are mostly simple craters, although some complex craters can have diameters D>16 km. Depths of mare craters with D<14 km are greater than 0.15D. Following Pike's (1981) classification, we group mare craters of D<15 km as simple craters. Mare craters with 1518 km are in a better agreement with the approximation curve of h/D vs. D for complex craters than for simple craters. At the same diameter, mare craters are deeper than highland craters at a diameter smaller than 30-40 km. For greater diameters, highland craters are deeper.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Investigation into the interplay between cancer cells and their associated fibroblasts in malignant pleural mesothelioma: therapeutic implications
Creators: name: Chrisochoidou, Yakinthi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a median survival of 12 months following diagnosis. The UK is amongst the leading countries for mesothelioma-caused mortality and the standard-of-care for the disease has not been improved for nearly two decades. A main contributor to poor disease outcome is the extensive associated fibrosis which hinders treatment success and gradually causes loss of respiratory function. Hence, targeting this process in addition to tumour cell viability may be of great therapeutic benefit. This study investigated the interplay between mesothelioma cells and their associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main contributor to the fibrotic process, using a variety of proteomics profiling approaches. This revealed SRC, PDGFR and VEGFR along with the PI3K/mTOR signalling cascade as key intracellular mediators of the cross-talk between MPM cancer cells and CAFs. Extracellularly, the identified secreted cytokines and growth factors promote angiogenesis (ANGPT2, END), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling (BSG, MMPs, LOX2), propagation of the pro-fibrotic signalling (PDGFA, VEGFA, OPN, FGFs, IL-17A) and TME immunosuppression (CXCL12, MIF, M-CFS, MCP1, VEGFA, TGFβ). Last, but not least, analysis of components of the CAF-derived ECM highlighted the released molecules and mechanisms CAFs employ to promote tumourigenesis according to the requirements of the TME, particularly through regulation of the bioavailability of TGFβ and PDGF in the TME. Based on these combined proteomics data, a panel of 14 small-molecule inhibitors against selected identified targets was assembled and their efficiency in targeting the viability of 3D MPM/CAF spheroid co-cultures and the fibrotic response tested. Drugs were tested both as single agents and in 1 to 1 combinations. Our results show that combination of the mTOR inhibitor Vistusertib with either the SRC inhibitor Saracatinib or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Cediranib was more potent than the current standard-of-care for MPM, Cisplatin/Pemetrexed. Additionally, unlike the latter combination, the Vistusertib-based combinations prevented CAF-induced drug resistance in 3D culture. In short, the findings of this thesis propose novel cytotoxic and anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategies for MPM.
PT-symmetry enabled spin circular photogalvanic effect in antiferromagnetic insulators
Creators: name: Fei, Ruixiang
name: Song, Wenshen
name: Pusey-Nazzaro, Lauren
name: Yang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The short timescale spin dynamics in antiferromagnets is an attractive feature from the standpoint of ultrafast spintronics. Yet generating highly polarized spin currents at room temperature remains a fundamental challenge for antiferromagnets. We propose a spin circular photogalvanic effect (spin-CPGE), in which circularly polarized light can produce a spin current without net charge current at room temperature, through an "injection-current-like" mechanism in parity-time(PT)-symmetric antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulators. We demonstrate this effect by first-principles simulations of bilayer CrI3 and room-temperature AFM hematite. Our calculations show that the spin-CPGE is significant, and the magnitude of spin photo-current is comparable with the widely observed charge photocurrent in ferroelectric materials. Interestingly, this spin photocurrent is not sensitive to spin-orbit interactions, which were regarded as fundamental mechanisms for generating spin current. Given the fast response of light-matter interactions, large energy scale, and insensitivity to spin-orbit interactions, our work gives hope to realizing a fast-dynamic and temperature-robust pure spin current in a wide range of PT-symmetric AFM materials, including weak-relativistic magnetic insulators and topological axion insulators.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
The statistical properties of LCDM halo formation
Creators: name: Cole, Shaun
name: Helly, John
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Parkinson, Hannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparison of the statistical properties of dark matter halo merger trees extracted from the Millennium Simulation with Extended Press-Schechter (EPS) formalism and the related GALFORM Monte-Carlo method for generating ensembles of merger trees. The volume, mass resolution and output frequency make the Millennium Simulation a unique resource for the study of the hierarchical growth of structure. We construct the merger trees of present day friends-of-friends groups and calculate a variety of statistics that quantify the masses of their progenitors as a function of redshift; accretion rates; and the redshift distribution of their most recent major merger. We also look in the forward direction and quantify the present day mass distribution of halos into which high redshift progenitors of a specific mass become incorporated. We find that EPS formalism and its Monte-Carlo extension capture the qualitative behaviour of all these statistics but, as redshift increases they systematically underestimate the masses of the most massive progenitors. This shortcoming is worst for the Monte-Carlo algorithm. We present a fitting function to a scaled version of the progenitor mass distribution and show how it can be used to make more accurate predictions of both progenitor and final halo mass distributions.
description: Replaced to match MNRAS accepted version
Host induced antibiotic tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Ledger, Elizabeth Victoria Katherine
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Daptomycin is a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of invasive diseases caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It functions by targeting phosphatidylglycerol in the staphylococcal membrane, leading to disruption of membrane integrity and cell wall synthesis. However, despite potent activity in vitro, daptomycin fails to resolve up to 30 % of cases of staphylococcal bacteraemia, suggesting that the host environment reduces bacterial susceptibility to this antibiotic. Using human serum as an ex vivo model of bacteraemia, work described in this thesis demonstrated that the host environment induced daptomycin tolerance in S. aureus. This tolerance was due to two independent mechanisms. Firstly, LL-37, a host defence peptide present in serum, induced tolerance by activating the GraRS two component system. This led to an increase in the peptidoglycan content of the cell wall, reducing the binding of daptomycin to its membrane target. Secondly, incubation in serum led to an increase in the abundance of cardiolipin in the membrane, resulting in a decreased phosphatidylglycerol content. Together, these two mechanisms fully explained the induced tolerance phenotype, with inhibition of both peptidoglycan and cardiolipin synthesis completely abolishing the acquisition of daptomycin tolerance in serum. In summary, these data demonstrate that host factors compromise daptomycin efficacy by triggering changes in the staphylococcal cell envelope which enable the bacterium to survive exposure to the lipopeptide antibiotic. This host-induced reduction in daptomycin susceptibility may in turn contribute to treatment failure. Additionally, these data demonstrate that tolerance can be reduced in vitro with GraRS inhibitors or the cell wall synthesis inhibitor fosfomycin, providing potential novel therapeutic approaches to prevent daptomycin tolerance and improve patient outcomes.
Comunione legale e partecipazioni societarie
Creators: name: Scotti, Raffaella
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Il regime giuridico delle partecipazioni sociali acquistate in regime di comunione legale dei beni costituisce uno dei più spinosi problemi che si presentano all’interprete in sede di ricostruzione della disciplina della comunione dei beni tra coniugi. Il silenzio del legislatore della riforma del diritto di famiglia – legge 19 maggio 1975 n. 151  - ha fatto sorgere questioni di non poco interesse in relazione alla caduta in comunione degli acquisti di partecipazioni sociali.
L’analisi suddetta coinvolge un aspetto che costituisce il dato peculiare del tema in oggetto, vale a dire, l’applicabilità di normative differenti - disciplinanti gli istituti in esame – in un unico contesto, le cui possibili conseguenze risiedono in eventuali incompatibilità, deroghe e interferenze delle regole del diritto societario con il regime comunitario.
Pertanto, la scelta tra le possibili relazioni tra partecipazioni societarie ed oggetto della comunione legale è resa incerta sia dal silenzio del legislatore che dalle molteplici qualificazioni astrattamente ascrivibili alle situazioni giuridiche soggettive, descritte con il termini “partecipazioni sociali”, e alle regole di appartenenza, sintetizzate dalla locuzione “comunione legale”. L’intensità dell’intreccio disciplinare impone operazioni ermeneutiche, che sciolgano le difficoltà e trovino un equilibrio tra previsioni normative diverse, secondo esiti di condivisibile certezza.
Si tratta di un argomento che ha suscitato l’attenzione della dottrina e della giurisprudenza, testimoniato da una copiosa letteratura e da numerose pronunce giurisprudenziali, per cui l’ulteriore approfondimento deve essere inteso quale mezzo idoneo per individuare nel variegato panorama delle ipotesi ricostruttive, quella che sembra armonizzarsi con il sistema.  L’intensificarsi degli interventi della Cassazione consente la ricostruzione degli elementi della fattispecie proposta e permette, altresì, di delineare, attraverso un corretto procedimento ermeneutico, una prospettiva pragmatica più accurata.
Braneworld black holes
Creators: name: Gregory, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these lectures, I give an introduction to and overview of braneworlds and black holes in the context of warped compactifications. I first describe the general paradigm of braneworlds, and introduce the Randall-Sundrum model. I discuss braneworld gravity, both using perturbation theory, and also non perturbative results. I then discuss black holes on the brane, the obstructions to finding exact solutions, and ways of tackling these difficulties. I describe some known solutions, and conclude with some open questions and controversies.
description: 44 pages. To appear in the proceedings of the 4th Aegean Summer School on Black Holes, 17-22 September 2007, Mytilene, Island of Lesvos, Greece
title: Onshore Cross Country Pipelines Risk Assessment and Decision Making Under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Hassan, S
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2021

description: Onshore cross-country pipelines are a critical component of refined product transportation in the oil and gas industry. The integrity of those pipelines is key to maintaining supply security, protecting the environment and human life. However, due to incessant pipeline damages and resultant consequences of fires, explosion and environmental pollution because of third-party events in Nigeria, stakeholders are looking at solutions to reduce the human, environmental and the financial losses. The main objective of this research is to develop risk-based models for identifying and assessing the oil and gas pipelines failures, including risk reduction decision-making framework and cost-benefit estimates. One of the major challenges of carrying out a pipeline risk assessment in some regions is the lack of reliable and objective data for data-driven analysis. The models developed in this thesis addressed this shortcoming and allowed the subjective data to be incorporated into the analysis. Hazards identification and ranking of the failure modes have been carried out using a modified FMEA based Fuzzy Rules Base (FRB) and Grey Relations Theory (GRT) to accommodate the uncertainty in terms of inadequate data. The results of modified approach serve as an input to developing the failure likelihood and this involves a Bayesian Network (BN) model of the identified failure mode. The BN model has been developed using Hugin software. The results of the BN feeds into the Evidential Reasoning (ER) model to aid risk management decision-making. Also, cost benefit estimates have been carried out to assess the cost benefit of implementing any risk reduction options. All the objectives set out in the thesis have been achieved. The research has contributed to the stated challenges by identifying the parameters for high failure incidences and develop various models and assess contributing failure factors and the risk control options to reducing the likelihood of the failure including cost benefit estimates.
The Likely Counterpart to $γ$-Ray Excess from The Northwest Region of Arp 220
Creators: name: Xiang, Yun-chuan
name: Deng, Jun-hao
name: Jiang, Ze-jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unknown $γ$-ray excess in the northwest region of Arp 220 was revisited by analyzing $\sim$11.8 years of the \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope (\textit{Fermi}-LAT) data in this study. We found that its photon flux was approximately three times higher than that of the previous study in the 0.2-100 GeV band, and the corresponding significance level$\sim8.15σ$ was approximately four times higher than before. The light curves of 15 and 45 time bins from the whole time all showed two active periods, and the variability of the second period was more significant than that of the first period. The spectral indices from the two active periods were not statistically different and were close to the range of $γ$-ray flat-spectrum radio quasars observed by \textit{Fermi}-LAT. Because the position of CRATES J153246+234400 was consistent with the best-fit position of our analysis, we suggest that CRATES J153246+234400 is more likely a $γ$-ray counterpart for the variational region. For Arp 220, there was no significant variability in the $γ$-ray emission.
Quark Mass dependence at Two Loops for Meson Properties
Creators: name: Bijnens, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This talks contains a short introduction to Chiral Perturbation Theory and the existing calculations to two-loop order in the mesonic sector. I include a discussion on which quantities the expansion can be organized in. The present best values of the Low-Energy-Constants as determined from continuum physics are given as well as the assumptions underlying the fits to experimental data. I present plots of masses, decay constants and $f_+(0)$ in $K_{\ell3}$ as a function of quark or meson masses. The talk ends with a list of things for which it would be extremely useful to have good results from lattice QCD calculations.
description: 15 pages, plenary talk at T he XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 30 - August 4 2007, Regensburg, Germany. v2: some clarifying statements added
Reference services in archives: the case of three record repositories in the UK (Leicestershire, Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire)
Creators: name: Venetsanou, Maria
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reference services in archives: the case of three record repositories in the UK (Leicestershire, Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire)
Volume preserving subgroups of A and K and singularities in unimodular geometry
Creators: name: Domitrz, W.
name: Rieger, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32S05, 32S30, 58K40

description: For a germ of a smooth map f and a subgroup G_V of any of the Mather groups G for which the source or target diffeomorphisms preserve some given volume form V in the source or in the target we study the G_V-moduli space of f that parameterizes the G_V-orbits inside the G-orbit of f. We find, for example, that this moduli space vanishes for A-equivalence with volume-preserving target diffeomorphisms and A-stable maps f and for K-equivalence with volume-preserving source diffeomorphisms and K-simple maps f. On the other hand, there are A-stable maps f with infinite-dimensional moduli space for A-equivalence with volume-preserving source diffeomorphisms.
description: 30 pages
A ring accelerator? Unusual jet dynamics in the IceCube candidate PKS 1502+106
Creators: name: Britzen, Silke
name: Zajaček, Michal
name: Popović, Luka Č.
name: Fendt, Christian
name: Tramacere, Andrea
name: Pashchenko, Ilya N.
name: Jaron, Frédéric
name: Pánis, Radim
name: Petrov, Leonid
name: Aller, Margo F.
name: Aller, Hugh D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 2019/07/30.86853 UT, IceCube detected a high-energy astrophysical neutrino candidate. The Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 1502+106 is located within the 50 percent uncertainty region of the event. Our analysis of 15 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and astrometric 8 GHz VLBA data, in a time span prior and after the IceCube event, reveals evidence for a radio ring structure which develops with time. Several arc-structures evolve perpendicular to the jet ridge line. We find evidence for precession of a curved jet based on kinematic modelling and a periodicity analysis. An outflowing broad line region (BLR) based on the C IV line emission (Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS) is found. We attribute the atypical ring to an interaction of the precessing jet with the outflowing material. We discuss our findings in the context of a spine-sheath scenario where the ring reveals the sheath and its interaction with the surroundings (narrow line region, NLR, clouds). We find that the radio emission is correlated with the $γ$-ray emission, with radio lagging the $γ$-rays. Based on the $γ$-ray variability timescale, we constrain the $γ$-ray emission zone to the BLR (30-200 $r_{\rm g}$) and within the jet launching region. We discuss that the outflowing BLR provides the external radiation field for $γ$-ray production via external Compton scattering. The neutrino is most likely produced by proton-proton interaction in the blazar zone (beyond the BLR), enabled by episodic encounters of the jet with dense clouds, i.e. some molecular cloud in the NLR.
description: 35 pages, 33 figures, 3 tables; accepted by the MNRAS Main Journal
“The potential role of CXCR4 and SDF-1 as indicators of tumor aggressiviness in patients with conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma”
Creators: name: Pagano, Loredana
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2008

description: Background: Functional chemokine receptors are expressed in many malignant tumors, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). These receptors promote tumor growth and metastasis in response to endogenous chemokines.
 The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of SDF-1 and its chemokine receptors, CXCR4, in a series of PTCs, considered as low risk for tumor size and hystotypes.
 In this study, we correlated CXCR4 and SDF-1 with indicators of clinical and tumor aggressiveness, including age, gender, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, multifocality and lymph node metastasis.
Methods: CXCR4 as well as its specific chemokine ligand, SDF-1 , were assessed in 48 PTCs using a semiquantitative measure of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining intensity for each molecule. Staining intensity was compared with clinicopathological features. Expression in CXCR4 and SDF-1 mRNA levels were sought in a subset of tumors, using gene microarrays and quantitative RTPCR.
Results: In 29 cases, the PTC was associated with chronic thyroiditis.  High-intensity IHC staining for CXCR4 correleted with T1 (p=0.003), classical variant (p=0.02) and lymph node metastasis at initial diagnosis (p=0.01). In contrast SDF 1 correlated with  female gender (p =0.05), but this association was not shown following multivariate analyses.
Conclusion: In our study,  the expression of CXCR4 and its ligand are more frequent in tumors that have a smaller dimension and a  classical variant of PTC. Therefore, CXCR4 and its ligand are associated with lymph node metastasis involvement at the initial diagnosis, which is an indicator of negative prognosis. Finally, the chemokine pathways may be expressed early in PTC tumorigenesis. Although these markers are found in a less aggressive PTC variant, they may be responsible for early and preferential lymphnode neck metastases.  Further studies are necessary to define the mechanisms underlying this association and to determine its potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
A Quantum Imager for Intensity Correlated Photons
Creators: name: Boiko, D. L.
name: Gunther, N. J.
name: Brauer, N.
name: Sergio, M.
name: Niclass, C.
name: Beretta, G. B.
name: Charbon, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a novel device capable of imaging second-order spatio-temporal correlations g2(x,t) between photons. The imager is based on a monolithic array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) implemented in CMOS technology and a simple algorithm to treat multiphoton time-of-arrival distributions from different SPAD pairs. It is capable of 80 ps temporal resolution with fluxes as low as 10 photons/s at room temperature. An important application might be the local imaging of g2 as a means of confirming the presence of true Bose-Einstein macroscopic coherence (BEC) of cavity exciton polaritons.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, references added. Accepted in NJP
The impact of hypothetical explanations on performance : generalizability and the mediating effects of self-esteem
Creators: name: Fairey, Patricia Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study examined the extent to which the effects of generating hypothetical success/failure explanations and initial expectations would generalize and affect performance on subsequent unexplained tasks. Two types of generalization were examined; the extent to which explanation and initial expectation effects would generalize to a related, but unexplained, task performed immediately after explanations and expectations had been elicited; and the extent to which the explanation and initial expectation effects would generalize to performance on a subsequent (second) task despite the intervention of actual performance experience on a first task. The potential moderating effects of self-esteem on the processes described above were also examined. A hypothetical explanation task was used to make success- or failure-related cognitions differentially available for 60 high self-esteem (HSE) and 60 low self-esteem (LSE) subjects. Subjects wrote an explanation for either a hypothetical failure or success, or wrote no explanation (control) regarding performance on the Remote Associate Test (RAT). After stating performance expectancies for the RAT, half of the subjects worked on this task while the other half worked on the related anagram task. All subjects then stated performance expectancies for a word generation task and worked on this task. The results provided support for the first type of generalization; the hypothetical explanation manipulation (in conjunction with self-esteem) affected performance on the first task regardless of whether the task was the explained (RAT) or the related (anagram) task. Success explanations increased the first-task performance of both HSE and LSE subjects, whereas failure explanations only decreased the performance of LSE subjects. The results also indicated, however, that the explanation manipulation did not generalize over time and affect performance on the subsequent (second) task. The results are discussed in terms of current self-esteem theory and the cognitive processes associated with generating causal scenarios for success and failure, expectations and performance.
NLO BFKL at work: the electroproduction of two light vector mesons
Creators: name: Ivanov, Dmitry Yu.
name: Papa, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The forward electroproduction of two light vector mesons is the first example of a collision process between strongly interacting colorless particles for which the amplitude can be written completely within perturbative QCD in the Regge limit with next-to-leading accuracy. This amplitude can be written as a convolution of two impact factors for the virtual photon to light vector meson transition with the BFKL Green's function. In this lecture we first describe how the relevant impact factor is calculated, then we perform the convolution with the BFKL Green's function and illustrate the numerical procedure to obtain a well-behaved amplitude.
description: Presented at the ``School on QCD, Low-x Physics, Saturation and Diffraction'', Copanello (Calabria, Italy), July 1 - 14, 2007; 27 pages, 9 figures
Finding paths of length k in O*(2^k) time
Creators: name: Williams, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We give a randomized algorithm that determines if a given graph has a simple path of length at least k in O(2^k poly(n,k)) time.
description: 7 pages. Revised version to appear in Information Processing Letters
Holographic boundary actions in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ revisited
Creators: name: Nguyen, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generating functional of stress tensor correlation functions in two-dimensional conformal field theory is the nonlocal Polyakov action, or equivalently, the Liouville or Alekseev-Shatashvili action. I review its holographic derivation within the AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence, both in metric and Chern-Simons formulations. I also provide a detailed comparison with the well-known Hamiltonian reduction of three-dimensional gravity to a flat Liouville theory, and conclude that the two results are unrelated. In particular, the flat Liouville action is still off-shell with respect to bulk equations of motion, and simply vanishes in case the latter are imposed. The present study also suggests an interesting re-interpretation of the computation of black hole spectral statistics recently performed by Cotler and Jensen as that of an explicit averaging of the partition function over the boundary source geometry, thereby providing potential justification for its agreement with the predictions of a random matrix ensemble.
description: 24 pages + appendices, 1 figure. v2: corrected typos + new discussion of the variational principle where only the conformal class of boundary metrics is fixed. v3: matches the published version