cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Relationship of cone production to wood traits of lodgepole pine
Creators: name: Robertson, Donna L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In order to examine the relationship between cone production and wood traits, wood samples were taken from a clonal seed orchard of 15-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) and analyzed using X-ray densitometry. The relative density of each tree at breast height (1.38 m above ground), per-year volume and per-year bolewood biomass were calculated. In addition, cone counts were recorded from the seed orchard over a period of several years. The earlywood, latewood, and total-year components of volume, biomass, and relative density were regressed against cone counts for each tree over several years. In addition, the densitometer data were combined with May-July weather data for multiple regressions to discover which other variables were influencing wood traits. Analyses of variance showed a strong annual effect, which reflected the growth trends of the orchard trees. In addition, there was a strong clonal effect in the analysis of cone count and relative density. Regression results showed that ramet age was the most important factor in predicting the volume and biomass increment each year. There was a small effect on wood traits from cone bearing, temperature, and precipitation. Heavy conebearing had a negative relationship with wood density, but a positive relationship with volume and biomass increment. The positive relationship with volume and biomass was unexpected and may be the result of the strong effect of ramet age. Progeny data showed a uniformly negative relationship between wood traits and family fecundity. This may imply that unless there is selection against high fecundity, future plantations may experience decreases in wood density.
Assessing bikeability with street view imagery and computer vision
Creators: name: Ito, Koichi
name: Biljecki, Filip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Studies evaluating bikeability usually compute spatial indicators shaping cycling conditions and conflate them in a quantitative index. Much research involves site visits or conventional geospatial approaches, and few studies have leveraged street view imagery (SVI) for conducting virtual audits. These have assessed a limited range of aspects, and not all have been automated using computer vision (CV). Furthermore, studies have not yet zeroed in on gauging the usability of these technologies thoroughly. We investigate, with experiments at a fine spatial scale and across multiple geographies (Singapore and Tokyo), whether we can use SVI and CV to assess bikeability comprehensively. Extending related work, we develop an exhaustive index of bikeability composed of 34 indicators. The results suggest that SVI and CV are adequate to evaluate bikeability in cities comprehensively. As they outperformed non-SVI counterparts by a wide margin, SVI indicators are also found to be superior in assessing urban bikeability, and potentially can be used independently, replacing traditional techniques. However, the paper exposes some limitations, suggesting that the best way forward is combining both SVI and non-SVI approaches. The new bikeability index presents a contribution in transportation and urban analytics, and it is scalable to assess cycling appeal widely.
Beyond the semi-classical description of black hole evaporation
Creators: name: Parentani, Renaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the semi-classical treatment, i.e. in a classical black hole geometry, Hawking quanta emerge from trans-Planckian configurations because of scale invariance. There is indeed no scale to stop the blue-shifting effect encountered in the backward propagation towards the event horizon. On the contrary, when taking into account the gravitational interactions neglected in the semi-classical treatment, a UV scale stopping the blue-shift could be dynamically engendered. To show that this is the case, we use a non-perturbative treatment based on the large-N limit, where $N$ is the number of matter fields. In this limit, the semi-classical treatment is the leading contribution. Non-linear gravitational effects appear in the next orders and in the first of these, the effects are governed by the two-point correlation function of the energy-momentum tensor evaluated in the vacuum. Taking this correlator into account, backward propagated modes are dissipated at a distance from the horizon $\propto Gκ$ when measured in a freely falling frame. ($G$ is Newton's constant and $κ$ the surface gravity.) This result can be also obtained by considering light propagation in a stochastic ensemble of metrics whose fluctuations are determined by the above correlator.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure, revised and updated version
Besov regularity for a class of singular or degenerate elliptic equations
Creators: name: Ambrosio, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B65, 35J70, 35J75, 49N60

description: Motivated by applications to congested traffic problems, we establish higher integrability results for the gradient of local weak solutions to the strongly degenerate or singular elliptic PDE $-\mathrm{div}\left((\vert\nabla u\vert-1)_{+}^{q-1}\frac{\nabla u}{\vert\nabla u\vert}\right)=f$, $\mathrm{in}\,\,Ω$, where $Ω$ is a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ for $n\geq2$, $1
Design of a custom wideband camera for MISTRAL imager-spectrograph
Creators: name: Muslimov, Eduard
name: Schmitt, Jerome
name: Adami, Christophe
name: Dennefeld, Michel
name: Ferrari, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MISTRAL is a visible and near infrared imager and spectrograph working with the $1.93m$ telescope at L'Observatoire de Haute-Provence. The goal of the present project is to design and build one custom lens covering the entire working band 370-1000 nm with an enhanced throughput and resolution. The proposed design has the focal length of 100 mm with f/#=2 and consists of 5 lenses with 2 aspheres. It is capable to work in spectroscopy or direct imaging mode with the spectral resolving power up to R590-1675 or energy concentration of 84% within 1 pixel. The throughput varies from 79 to 98% in the main band of 400-1000 nm with a commercial AR coating and could be yet improved with a custom one. We also demonstrate that with this image quality can be maintained in a <10% margin with practically reachable tolerances.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables
MicroRNAs_Biomarkers_Profiling_in_Diagno.pdf
Creators: name: Niknamian, Sorush
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60502 Infectious Agents
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Introduction: Due to lack of unique method with highly accurate and repeatable, assessment and even treatment of hepatitis B 17 virus (HBV) infection and its complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been with limitations. 18 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small 19–24 nucleotide-long molecules with upregulated and downregulated expression. The 19 present research provides a narrative review expression profiling biomarkers miRNAs in diagnosis, treatment, and differentiated 20 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) from cirrhosis or HCC. Methods: We search database Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Scientific 21 Information Database on English language article and also assess European Association for the Study of the Liver and American 22 Association for the Study of Liver (2002–2016). Results: Some of the miRNAs are specifically more abundant in specific 23 tissues, such as miR-122 in the liver. MiRNAs such as miRNA125a, miRNA141, miRNA1, miRNA197, miRNA122, and 24 miRNA372, 373 have a major role in CBH, and miRNA29a/b/c, miRNA200, miRNA199, miRNA133a, miRNA214 and 25 miRNA181b have a major role in fibrosis/cirrhosis. miR-106b and miR-181b have a significant clinical diagnostic value in liver 26 cirrhosis, especially at its early stages. miR-122, miR-192, miR-92, miR-223, miR-26a, miR-27a, and miR-801 have a highly 27 accurate diagnostic power that can differentiate HCC from CHB and cirrhosis and healthy people as well as. Conclusion: In the 28 future, the miRNAs biomarkers provide researchers with a golden opportunity and can be used as early diagnostic and miRNAs 29 based-therapeutic panels and current knowledge between miRNAs profiling biomarkers and progressive stage of HBV related 30 diseases. Panels of miRNAs will play a significant role in decision-making about their proper course in both treatment and 31 diagnosis of diseases such as HBV infection
title: Basketball, culture and society in a devolved context: a qualitative analysis
Creators: name: Walker, Ross Fraser
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Basketball
subject: Capability
subject: Culture
subject: Development
subject: Scotland
subject: Society

description: This thesis investigates the potential of basketball as a tool for development in Scotland. It provides an original conceptual synthesis of knowledge that offers a critical narrative concerning the evolving relationship between basketball, development, and society alongside the limits and possibilities of basketball in Scotland. The study adopts the interpretivist paradigm alongside qualitative methodology. It consists of an exploratory mixed-methods approach which utilises audio-visuals, documents and reports alongside semi-structured interviews and embeds a case study design. The research comprises four empirical chapters: The Development and History of Basketball in Scotland; Grassroots Basketball in Scotland: basketballscotland; Community Basketball in Scotland: Blaze Basketball Club; and Professional Basketball in Scotland: Caledonia Gladiators Basketball Club. Findings indicate that basketball helps develop people, communities and nations through capability building processes. To generate optimal developmental outcomes through basketball, a collaborative, democratic, intentional, person-first, community-driven, needs-motivated, ground-level led system bound by connections alongside relationships, underpinned by passionate people is required. The earlier people are introduced to basketball and the longer they remain in basketball environments, the greater the potential for developmental outcomes. To maximise results, basketball in Scotland must address its main limitations: funding; lagging opportunities; participatory barriers; Scottish basketball’s disjointed community, nature, positionality, and system; alongside Scotland’s sporting culture.
Dark photon portal into mirror world
Creators: name: Alizzi, Abdaljalel
name: Silagadze, Z. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark photons and mirror matter are well-motivated dark matter candidates. It is possible that both of them arose during the compactification and symmetry breaking scenario of the heterotic $E_8\times E_8$ string theory and are related to each other. In this case, dark photons can become a natural portal into the mirror world. Unfortunately, the expected magnitude of the induced interactions of ordinary matter with mirror matter is too small to be of phenomenological interest.
description: 9 pages, no figures, revtex4, version to be published in Modern Physics Letters A
Shear viscosity of neutron matter from realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions
Creators: name: Benhar, Omar
name: Valli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calculation of transport properties of Fermi liquids, based on the formalism developed by Abrikosov and Khalatnikov, requires the knowledge of the probability of collisions between quasiparticles in the vicinity of the Fermi surface. We have carried out a numerical study of the shear viscosity of pure neutron matter, whose value plays a pivotal role in determining the stability of rotating neutron stars, in which these processes are described using a state-of-the-art nucleon-nucleon potential model. Within our approach medium modifications of the scattering cross section are consistently taken into account, through an effective interaction obtained from the matrix elements of the bare interaction between correlated states. Inclusion of medium effects lead to a large increase of the viscosity at densities larger than $\sim 0.1$ fm^{-3}.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Corrected typos
Diffusion Processes on Small-World Networks with Distance-Dependent Random-Links
Creators: name: Kozma, Balazs
name: Hastings, Matthew B.
name: Korniss, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We considered diffusion-driven processes on small-world networks with distance-dependent random links. The study of diffusion on such networks is motivated by transport on randomly folded polymer chains, synchronization problems in task-completion networks, and gradient driven transport on networks. Changing the parameters of the distance-dependence, we found a rich phase diagram, with different transient and recurrent phases in the context of random walks on networks. We performed the calculations in two limiting cases: in the annealed case, where the rearrangement of the random links is fast, and in the quenched case, where the link rearrangement is slow compared to the motion of the random walker or the surface. It has been well-established that in a large class of interacting systems, adding an arbitrarily small density of, possibly long-range, quenched random links to a regular lattice interaction topology, will give rise to mean-field (or annealed) like behavior. In some cases, however, mean-field scaling breaks down, such as in diffusion or in the Edwards-Wilkinson process in "low-dimensional" small-world networks. This break-down can be understood by treating the random links perturbatively, where the mean-field (or annealed) prediction appears as the lowest-order term of a naive perturbation expansion. The asymptotic analytic results are also confirmed numerically by employing exact numerical diagonalization of the network Laplacian. Further, we construct a finite-size scaling framework for the relevant observables, capturing the cross-over behaviors in finite networks. This work provides a detailed account of the self-consistent-perturbative and renormalization approaches briefly introduced in two earlier short reports.
description: 36 pages, 27 figures. Minor revisions in response to the referee's comments. Furthermore, some typos were fixed and new references were added
Chiral extrapolation of the charged-pion magnetic polarizability with Padé approximant
Creators: name: He, Fangcheng
name: Leinweber, D. B.
name: Thomas, A. W.
name: Wang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The background magnetic-field formalism of Lattice QCD has been used recently to calculate the magnetic polarizability of the charged pion. These $n_f = 2 + 1$ numerical simulations are electro-quenched, such that the virtual sea-quarks of the QCD vacuum do not interact with the background field. To understand the impact of this, we draw on partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. In this case, the leading term proportional to $1/M_π$ arises at tree level from $\mathcal{L}_4$. To describe the results from lattice QCD, while maintaining the exact leading terms of chiral perturbation theory, we introduce a Padé approximant designed to reproduce the slow variation observed in the lattice QCD results. Two-loop contributions are introduced to assess the systematic uncertainty associated with higher-order terms of the expansion. Upon extrapolation, the magnetic polarizability of the charged pion at the physical pion mass is found to be $β_{π^\pm}=-1.70\,(14)_{\rm stat}(25)_{\rm syst}\times 10^{-4}$ fm$^3$, in good agreement with the recent experimental measurement.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
title: Syria’s Economic Transition: From Kleptocracy to Islamic Neoliberalism in a War-Torn Economy
Creators: name: Daher, Joseph
name: Mehchy, Zaki
Publisher: name: University of Edinburgh, LSE CCRG
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Syria

description: The fall of the Assad regime in late 2024 created a wave of hope for economic improvement in Syria. However, the transitional authority in Damascus, characterised by a profound lack of inclusivity, faces enormous challenges while adopting free-market economy principles and implementing austerity measures. These include market deregulation, a significant reduction in the role of the state, and privatisation of public entities and assets. In the current context of the Syrian economy, and in the absence of a gradual and genuine institutional reform process, the rapid implementation of such measures is strongly discouraged. The measures are expected to deepen the catastrophic economic consequences of the Assad era and pave the way for a distorted economic paradigm characterised by cronyism, dependency on external actors, poor productivity, and continuous socio-economic inequalities. This policy brief shares recommendations that would lay the groundwork for a future economic paradigm through inclusive dialogue until a democratic government and parliament can be elected.
Physical properties of amorphous molybdenum silicide films for single photon detectors
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaofu
name: Charaev, Ilya
name: Liu, Huanlong
name: Zhou, Tony X.
name: Zhu, Dong
name: Berggren, Karl K.
name: Schilling, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically investigated the physical properties of amorphous Mo$_{\rm x}$Si$_{1-x}$ films deposited by the magnetron co-sputtering technique. The critical temperature $T_C$ of Mo$_{\rm x}$ Si$_{1-x}$ films increases gradually with the stoichiometry x, and the highest $T_C$=7.9 K was found in Mo$_{\rm 0.83}$ Si$_{0.17}$. Beyond $x$=0.83, preformed Cooper pairs and superconducting domains persist in the films, despite the superconducting state with perfect zero-resistivity is absent. The thick films of Mo$_{\rm 0.83}$ Si$_{0.17}$ show surprising degradation in which the onset of zero-resistivity is suppressed below 2 K. The thin Mo$_{\rm 0.83}$ Si$_{0.17}$ films, however, reveal robust superconductivity even with thickness d$\leq$1 nm. We also characterized wide microwires based on the 2 nm thin Mo$_{\rm 0.8}$ Si$_{0.2}$ films with widths 40 and 60 $μ$m, which show single-photon sensitivity at 780 nm and 1550 nm wavelength
Localization and characterization of simple defects in finite-size photonic crystals
Creators: name: Groby, Jean-Phiilppe
name: Lesselier, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structured materials like photonic crystals require for optimal use a high precision both on position and optical characteristics of the components which they are made of. Here, we present a simple tomographic algorithm, based on a specific Green's function together with a first-order Born approximation, which enables us to localize and characterize identical defects in finite-size photonic crystals. This algorithm is proposed as a first step to the monitoring of such materials. Illustrative numerical results show in particular some possibility of focalization beyond the Rayleigh criterion.
description: submitted to Journal of the Optical Society of America A
title: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der medikamentengestützten Rehabilitation Heroinabhängiger
Creators: name: Barth, Stephan
Publisher: name: FH Münster
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der medikamentengestützten Rehabilitation Heroinabhängiger
Liquid-Solid Transition and Phase Diagram of ^4He Confined in Nanoporous Glass
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Keiichi
name: Shibayama, Yoshiyuki
name: Shirahama, Keiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the liquid - solid (L-S) phase transition of ^4He confined in nanoporous glass, which has interconnected nanopores of 2.5 nm in diameter. The L-S boundary is determined by the measurements of pressure and thermal response during slow cooling and warming. Below 1 K, the freezing pressure is elevated to 1.2 MPa from the bulk freezing pressure, and appears to be independent of temperature. The T-independent L-S boundary implies the existence of a localized Bose-Einstein condensation state, in which long-range superfluid coherence is destroyed by narrowness of the nanopores and random potential.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Reply to Comment on 'Critical behaviour in the relaminarization of localized turbulence in pipe flow'
Creators: name: Willis, Ashley P.
name: Kerswell, Rich R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a Reply to Comment arXiv:0707.2642 by Hof et al. on Letter arXiv:physics/0608292 which was subsequently published in Phys Rev Lett, 98, 014501 (2007). In our letter it was reported that in pipe flow the median time $τ$ for relaminarisation of localised turbulent disturbances closely follows the scaling $τ\sim 1/(Re_c-Re)$. This conclusion was based on data from collections of 40 to 60 independent simulations at each of six different Reynolds numbers, Re. In the Comment, Hof et al. estimate $τ$ differently for the point at lowest Re. Although this point is the most uncertain, it forms the basis for their assertion that the data might then fit an exponential scaling $τ\sim \exp(A Re)$, for some constant A, supporting Hof et al. (2006) Nature, 443, 59. The most certain point (at largest Re) does not fit their conclusion and is rejected. We clarify why their argument for rejecting this point is flawed. The median $τ$ is estimated from the distribution of observations, and it is shown that the correct part of the distribution is used. The data is sufficiently well determined to show that the exponential scaling cannot be fit to the data over this range of Re, whereas the $τ\sim 1/(Re_c-Re)$ fit is excellent, indicating critical behaviour and supporting experiments by Peixinho & Mullin 2006.
description: 1 page, 1 figure
The surface brightness profile of the remote cluster NGC 2419
Creators: name: Bellazzini, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the bright and remote Galactic globular cluster NGC2419 has a very peculiar structure. In particular its half-light radius is significantly larger than that of ordinary globular clusters of similar luminosity, being as large as that of the brightest nuclei of dwarf elliptical galaxies. In this context it is particularly worth to check the reliability of the existing surface brightness profiles for this cluster and of the available estimates of its structural parameters. Combining different datasets I derive the surface brightness profile going from the cluster center out to ~ 480 arcsec, i.e. ~25 core radii. (Abridged). The newly obtained surface brightness profile is in excellent agreement with that provided by Trager, King & Djorgovski for r>= 4 arcsec; it is best fitted by a King model having r_c=0.32 arcmin, mu_V(0)=19.55 and C=1.35. Also new independent estimates of the total integrated V magnitude (V_t=10.47 +/- 0.07) and of the half-light radius (r_h=0.96 arcmin +/- 0.2 arcmin) have been obtained. (Abridged). The structure of NGC2419 is now reliably constrained by (at least) two fully independent observational profiles that are in good agreement one with the other. Also the overall agreement between structural parameters independently obtained by different authors is quite satisfying.
description: Research Note, accepted for publication by A&A. 6 pages with 4 figures + 3 pages of Online Material (table)
Mechanical Proof of the Second Law of Thermodynamics Based on Volume Entropy
Creators: name: Campisi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous work (M. Campisi. Stud. Hist. Phil. M. P. 36 (2005) 275-290) we have addressed the mechanical foundations of equilibrium thermodynamics on the basis of the Generalized Helmholtz Theorem. It was found that the volume entropy provides a good mechanical analogue of thermodynamic entropy because it satisfies the heat theorem and it is an adiabatic invariant. This property explains the ``equal'' sign in Clausius principle ($S_f \geq S_i$) in a purely mechanical way and suggests that the volume entropy might explain the ``larger than'' sign (i.e. the Law of Entropy Increase) if non adiabatic transformations were considered. Based on the principles of microscopic (quantum or classical) mechanics here we prove that, provided the initial equilibrium satisfy the natural condition of decreasing ordering of probabilities, the expectation value of the volume entropy cannot decrease for arbitrary transformations performed by some external sources of work on a insulated system. This can be regarded as a rigorous quantum mechanical proof of the Second Law. We discuss how this result relates to the Minimal Work Principle and improves over previous attempts. The natural evolution of entropy is towards larger values because the natural state of matter is at positive temperature. Actually the Law of Entropy Decrease holds in artificially prepared negative temperature systems.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Observational constraints on the linear fluctuation growth rate
Creators: name: Di Porto, Cinzia
name: Amendola, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several experiments in the near future will test dark energy through its effects on the linear growth of matter perturbations. It is therefore important to find simple and at the same time general parametrizations of the linear growth rate. We show that a simple fitting formula that generalizes previous expressions reproduces the growth function in models that allow for a growth faster than standard, as for instance in scalar-tensor models. We use data from galaxy and Lyman-$α$ power spectra to constrain the linear growth rate. We find $γ=0.6_{-0.3}^{+0.4}$ for the growth rate index and $η=0.0_{-0.2}^{+0.3}$ for the additional growth parameter we introduce.
description: 9 pages
High-Order Quadrature on Multi-Component Domains Implicitly Defined by Multivariate Polynomials
Creators: name: Saye, Robert I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A high-order quadrature algorithm is presented for computing integrals over curved surfaces and volumes whose geometry is implicitly defined by the level sets of (one or more) multivariate polynomials. The algorithm recasts the implicitly defined geometry as the graph of an implicitly defined, multi-valued height function, and applies a dimension reduction approach needing only one-dimensional quadrature. In particular, we explore the use of Gauss-Legendre and tanh-sinh methods and demonstrate that the quadrature algorithm inherits their high-order convergence rates. Under the action of $h$-refinement with $q$ fixed, the quadrature schemes yield an order of accuracy of $2q$, where $q$ is the one-dimensional node count; numerical experiments demonstrate up to 22nd order. Under the action of $q$-refinement with the geometry fixed, the convergence is approximately exponential, i.e., doubling $q$ approximately doubles the number of accurate digits of the computed integral. Complex geometry is automatically handled by the algorithm, including, e.g., multi-component domains, tunnels, and junctions arising from multiple polynomial level sets, as well as self-intersections, cusps, and other kinds of singularities. A variety of numerical experiments demonstrates the quadrature algorithm on two- and three-dimensional problems, including: randomly generated geometry involving multiple high-curvature pieces; challenging examples involving high degree singularities such as cusps; adaptation to simplex constraint cells in addition to hyperrectangular constraint cells; and boolean operations to compute integrals on overlapping domains.
description: 44 pages, 18 figures, 4 algorithms, 1 table
Regularity properties for quasiminimizers of a $(p,q)$-Dirichlet integral
Creators: name: Nastasi, Antonella
name: Camacho, Cintia Pacchiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31E05, 30L99, 46E35

description: Using a variational approach we study interior regularity for quasiminimizers of a $(p,q)$-Dirichlet integral, as well as regularity results up to the boundary, in the setting of a metric space equipped with a doubling measure and supporting a Poincaré inequality. For the interior regularity, we use De Giorgi type conditions to show that quasiminimizers are locally Hölder continuous and they satisfy Harnack inequality, the strong maximum principle, and Liouville's Theorem. Furthermore, we give a pointwise estimate near a boundary point, as well as a sufficient condition for Hölder continuity and a Wiener type regularity condition for continuity up to the boundary. Finally, we consider $(p,q)$-minimizers and we give an estimate for their oscillation at boundary points.
Probing non-standard decoherence effects with solar and KamLAND neutrinos
Creators: name: Fogli, G. L.
name: Lisi, E.
name: Marrone, A.
name: Montanino, D.
name: Palazzo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been speculated that quantum gravity might induce a "foamy" space-time structure at small scales, randomly perturbing the propagation phases of free-streaming particles (such as kaons, neutrons, or neutrinos). Particle interferometry might then reveal non-standard decoherence effects, in addition to standard ones (due to, e.g., finite source size and detector resolution.) In this work we discuss the phenomenology of such non-standard effects in the propagation of electron neutrinos in the Sun and in the long-baseline reactor experiment KamLAND, which jointly provide us with the best available probes of decoherence at neutrino energies E ~ few MeV. In the solar neutrino case, by means of a perturbative approach, decoherence is shown to modify the standard (adiabatic) propagation in matter through a calculable damping factor. By assuming a power-law dependence of decoherence effects in the energy domain (E^n with n = 0,+/-1,+/-2), theoretical predictions for two-family neutrino mixing are compared with the data and discussed. We find that neither solar nor KamLAND data show evidence in favor of non-standard decoherence effects, whose characteristic parameter gamma_0 can thus be significantly constrained. In the "Lorentz-invariant" case n=-1, we obtain the upper limit gamma_0<0.78 x 10^-26 GeV at 95% C.L. In the specific case n=-2, the constraints can also be interpreted as bounds on possible matter density fluctuations in the Sun, which we improve by a factor of ~ 2 with respect to previous analyses.
description: Minor changes. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
HOT Admin: Human, Organization, and Technology Centred Improvement of the IT Security Administration
Creators: name: Beznosov, Konstantin
name: Fels, Sid
name: Iverson, Lee
name: Fisher, Brian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: HOT Admin
usable security administration
usable security

description: While cryptography, access control, accountability, and other security technologies have received a great deal of attention, to our knowledge this is the first attempt to address systematically the interaction of security administrative models and technologies with usability within an organization. Our focus on the integration of organizational structure, security mechanisms, and user interface design addresses the three key components of effective security administration (SA) in today's workplace. Our novel approach will consider the problem as the interaction of three main factors: Humans, Organizations, and Technologies (HOT). Addressed Problem: The management of security and privacy in IT settings is an enormous, difficult, and costly problem with over $15B spent on tools alone around the world in 2004. Yet little is known about security administrators, their roles and responsibilities within organizations, and how effective existing tools and practices are at protecting organizations and employees while still allowing productive collaborative work. Much like an air-traffic controller, if a security administrator makes an error, entire organizations may be compromised leading to, in the best case, loss of productivity and, in the worst case, injury or death to people. Project Goals: To improve information technology (IT) security administration (SA), this project aims to achieve two overarching goals: first, to devise a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of IT security administrative tools; second, to design effective technological solutions, guidelines, and techniques to aid security administrators. To achieve these objectives, we will advance the understanding of IT SA as a distinct human activity to the level at which comprehensive human, organizational, and technological models of IT SA can be used to develop the proposed evaluation methodology, and design guidelines and techniques.
Certification and a certification program for arborists and tree workers in the Pacific Northwest
Creators: name: Murray, Susan Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Certification is a means by which a professional agency or association gives recognition to an individual who has achieved a certain level of competence. Certification is often voluntary and indicates reserved title. Licensure, on the other hand, is legislated and indicates exclusive right to practice. There are both benefits and disadvantages to certification within the occupations and professions. Certification should be based on competency Professional associations have a strong role to play in both certification am mandated continuing professional education. A certification program for Arborists and Tree Workers in the Pacific Northwest introduces the International Society of Arboriculture, the professional association. In addition, the reasons for the program, its objectives, development, requirements, administration, publicity and its evaluation are presented.
title: Gewichtsentwicklung bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus unter unterschiedlichen Insulintherapien (CT, ICT, CSII): Stand der internationalen wissenschaftlichen Literatur und Befragung klinischer Experten
title: Development of bodyweight in patients with diabetes type 1 and different insulin therapy (CT, ICT and CSII)
Creators: name: Buchholz, Anna Lena
Publisher: name: FH Münster
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zu untersuchen, wie sich das Gewicht von Patienten mit Typ-1- Diabetes unter den verschiedenen Therapieformen CSII, ICT und CT entwickelt. Dabei wurde vermutet, dass Patienten, die mit ICT oder Insulinpumpe behandelt werden, ein höheres Gewicht aufweisen und wie die stoffwechselgesunde Bevölkerung mehr zu Übergewicht neigen, da mit diesen Therapieformen ein flexibleres und damit normalgesellschaftliches Essverhalten möglich wird. Methodik: Es wurde zunächst eine Recherche in der internationalen wissenschaftlichen Literatur durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden um Experteninterviews mit einer Diabetesberaterin, einem Diabetologen und einem Pädiater ergänzt. Ergebnisse und Interpretation: CT-Patienten weisen einen niedrigeren BMI auf und neigen weniger zu Übergewicht. Das Gewicht von ICT- und Insulinpumpenpatienten gleicht der stoffwechselgesunden Bevölkerung, so dass das flexiblere Essverhalten, welches durch diese beiden Therapieform möglich ist, in der Diskussion als Hauptfaktor ausgemacht wird. Dennoch gibt es noch andere diabetesspezifische Einflüsse auf das Gewicht. Diese können in therapieabhängige, wie Anzahl der Hypoglykämien und Qualität der Stoffwechseleinstellung, und therapieunabhängige Faktoren unterschieden werden. Besonders gefährdet sind Mädchen in der Pubertät mit einer längeren Diabetesdauer. Auch die Substitution des Insulins hat einen Einfluss auf das Gewicht. Wie es im Einzelnen eine Gewichtszunahme bewirkt, bleibt unklar. Als anaboles Hormon hat es auch auf den Fettstoffwechsel eine aufbauende Wirkung. Zudem besteht in der Insulintherapie die Gefahr der Überinsulinierung. Schlussfolgerung: Da Übergewicht und Adipositas unter Typ-1-Diabetikern immer häufiger wird, was für die Patienten mit einer erheblichen Risikosteigerung für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und die diabetesspezifischen Folgeschäden einhergeht, wird empfohlen, diesem vorzubeugen. Dabei sind besonders primärpräventive Maßnahmen gefragt. Dies beinhaltet als wichtigstes Element eine Aufklärung des Patienten, damit von Anfang an ein verantwortungsbewusster Umgang mit der Ernährung gefunden werden kann.
description: Development of bodyweight in patients with diabetes type 1 and different insulin therapy (CT, ICT and CSII) was investigated. In patients using CSII and ICT a general trend towards gaining of bodyweight could be observed. Different hypotheses for pathophysiology are discussed and necessity and means of preventive activities presented.
Search for the K(S) --> e+e- decay with the KLOE detector at DAFNE
Creators: name: The KLOE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a direct search for the decay KS --> e+e- with the KLOE detector, obtained with a sample of e+e- --> phi --> KSKL events produced at DAFNE, the Frascati phi-factory, for an integrated luminosity of 1.3fb-1. The Standard Model prediction for this decay is BR(KS --> e+e-) = 1.6*10^-15. The search has been performed tagging the KS decays by simultaneous detection of a KL interaction in the calorimeter. Background rejection has been optimized by using both kinematic cuts and particle identification. At the end of the analysis chain we find BR(KS --> e+e-) < 2.1*10^-8 at 90% CL, which improves by a factor of ~7 on the previous best result, obtained by CPLEAR experiment.
description: paper submitted to Lepton Photon 07
Modelling the clumping-induced polarimetric variability of hot star winds
Creators: name: Davies, Ben
name: Vink, Jorick S.
name: Oudmaijer, René D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clumping in the winds of massive stars may significantly reduce empirical mass-loss rates, and which in turn may have a large impact on our understanding of massive star evolution. Here, we investigate wind-clumping through the linear polarization induced by light scattering off the clumps. Through the use of an analytic wind clumping model, we predict the time evolution of the linear polarimetry over a large parameter space. We concentrate on the Luminous Blue Variables, which display the greatest amount of polarimetric variability and for which we recently conducted a spectropolarimetric survey. Our model results indicate that the observed level of polarimetric variability can be reproduced for two regimes of parameter space: one of a small number of massive, optically-thick clumps; and one of a very large number of low-mass clumps. Although a systematic time-resolved monitoring campaign is required to distinguish between the two scenarios, we currently favour the latter, given the short timescale of the observed polarization variability. As the polarization is predicted to scale linearly with mass-loss rate, we anticipate that all hot stars with very large mass-loss rates should display polarimetric variability. This is consistent with recent findings that intrinsic polarization is more common in stars with strong H$α$ emission.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted to A&A
Hall magnetohydrodynamics of partially ionized plasmas
Creators: name: Pandey, B. P.
name: Wardle, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hall effect arises in a plasma when electrons are able to drift with the magnetic field but ions cannot. In a fully-ionized plasma this occurs for frequencies between the ion and electron cyclotron frequencies because of the larger ion inertia. Typically this frequency range lies well above the frequencies of interest (such as the dynamical frequency of the system under consideration) and can be ignored. In a weakly-ionized medium, however, the Hall effect arises through a different mechanism -- neutral collisions preferentially decouple ions from the magnetic field. This typically occurs at much lower frequencies and the Hall effect may play an important role in the dynamics of weakly-ionised systems such as the Earth's ionosphere and protoplanetary discs. To clarify the relationship between these mechanisms we develop an approximate single-fluid description of a partially ionized plasma that becomes exact in the fully-ionized and weakly-ionized limits. Our treatment includes the effects of ohmic, ambipolar, and Hall diffusion. We show that the Hall effect is relevant to the dynamics of a partially ionized medium when the dynamical frequency exceeds the ratio of ion to bulk mass density times the ion-cyclotron frequency, i.e. the Hall frequency. The corresponding length scale is inversely proportional to the ion to bulk mass density ratio as well as to the ion-Hall beta parameter.
description: 11 page, 1 figure, typos removed, numbers in tables revised; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Inverse Monte-Carlo determination of effective lattice models for SU(3) Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature
Creators: name: Wozar, Christian
name: Kaestner, Tobias
name: Wipf, Andreas
name: Heinzl, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper concludes our efforts in describing SU(3)-Yang-Mills theories at different couplings/temperatures in terms of effective Polyakov-loop models. The associated effective couplings are determined through an inverse Monte Carlo procedure based on novel Schwinger-Dyson equations that employ the symmetries of the Haar measure. Due to the first-order nature of the phase transition we encounter a fine-tuning problem in reproducing the correct behavior of the Polyakov-loop from the effective models. The problem remains under control as long as the number of effective couplings is sufficiently small.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Age and growth of the mosshead sculpin Clinocottus globiceps Girard with an assessment of its role in production of tidepool fishes
Creators: name: Mgaya, Yunus Daud
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Age and growth of Clinocottus globiceps Girard were investigated with the aid of otoliths taken from fish obtained from tidepools at Helby Island, British Columbia during the period May 1988 to June 1989. Length-frequency analysis was used to verify otolithic ageing. Data from fish collected between 1980 and 1987 were also included in this study. Growth rate was estimated using a back-calculation formula and a Gompertz growth curve. Instantaneous growth rates were determined. Results indicated that the C. globiceps population was composed of individuals from less than one year of age to 5 years of age. Growth was faster for younger age groups (about 17 mm per year) and declined at older age groups (about 9 mm per year). Growth was described by a Gompertz model and the following equation was obtained: Lt = 26.7mm * exp{1.58(l - exp[-0.30t])}. Instantaneous growth rates were highest for the 0+ age class. The highest levels of instantaneous growth rates occurred during the spring and early summer, the period that water temperatures reach a maximum and food is most abundant. The lowest instantaneous growth rates occurred during the fall and winter months. The age —length relationship for C. globiceps is presented. The length—weight relationship of the species is described. No differences in growth between sexes as revealed by length — weight relationship were observed, thus the following expression described the length — weight relationship for C. globiceps population at Helby Island: W = 1.5913 * 10⁻⁵ L[sup 3-1552]. Overall tidepool production with regards to C. globiceps was assessed by direct comparison with production of sympatric Oligocottus maculosus Girard, an abundant tidepool cottid. Production was estimated by both the instantaneous growth rate and size-frequency methods. Annual production as computed by the instantaneous growth rate method was 6.9 and 11.0 g/m²/year for C. globiceps and O. maculosus respectively. Young- age groups (between 1+ and 2 +) contributed 33 and 65% of production for C. globiceps and O. maculosus respectively. Estimates made by the size-frequency method were higher and it was suggested that these estimates may be more accurate, since the method is not affected by nonsynchronous cohort development. Production was analyzed by zones on the intertidal area and the results reflected the distribution pattern of the two species, i.e., higher production was observed at the upper intertidal pools for O. maculosus and at the lower pools for C. globiceps. The relationships between the physical characteristics of the tidepools and production of the two species are given. None of the physical variables examined were significant predictors of production.