Xyphinus distortus Kranz-Baltensperger 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Xyphinus
Xyphinus distortus

description: Xyphinus distortus sp. nov.
(Figs 61–64; map 5)
Type material. Holotype. male (PBI _ OON 00012061), MALAYSIA: Kelantan: 1 km S Gua Musang railway station, N4°52’31.3’’, E101°58’06.5’’, 120 m (rain forest remnants at foot of limestone hill), 13./ 14.VI.2004, leg. P. Schwendinger, MHNG. Paratypes: 6 females (PBI _ OON 00032590), collected with holotype, MHNG. 1 male (PBI _00N 00012062), collected with holotype, MHNG. 1 female (PBI _ OON 00012069), collected with holotype, MHNG. 1 female (PBI _ OON 00015419), Lake Kenyir, 5 km SW of dam, 50 km SW of Kuala Terengganu, N4°58’, E102°49’, 300–400 m, 11.VII.2001, leg. A. Schulz & K. Vock, MHNG. 1 male (PBI _ OON 00015448), Lake Kenyir, 5 km SW of dam, 50 km SW of Kuala Terengganu, 4°58’N, 102°49’E, 300–400 m, 7.VII.2001, leg. A. Schulz & K. Vock, MHNG.
Additional material examined. MALAYSIA: THAILAND: 1 male & 1 female (PBI _ OON 00015487), Narathiwat Province, Waeng District, Hala-Bala, Wildlife Sanctuary, near Sirinthorn Waterfall, 200m, 8.I.1999, leg. P. Schwendinger, MHNG.
Etymology. The specific name is a latin adjective meaning “twisted” and refers to the shape of the male palp.
Diagnosis. X. distortus sp. nov. is similar to X. xelo, X. krabi sp. nov., X. rogerfedereri sp. nov. and X. pachara sp. nov. in having pits on the carapace surface (Fig. 61A, D), but can be easily separated from all by the unique palpal conformation, appearing twisted in ventral view (Fig. 62A–E). The female epigastric region consists of an elongated tube, which is folded underneath itself (Fig. 64A–D), appearing as ring in lateral view (Fig. 63C).
Description. Male. Total length 1.71 mm. Carapace: Orange-brown, ovoid in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its maximum width or less, with angular posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge with pair of pits, anterolateral corners without extensions or projections, posterolateral surface with 1 pair of spikes (Fig. 61A, C, D), surface of pars cephalica and sides smooth, fovea absent. Posterior margin with four lobate, sclerotized extensions, dorsal of the pedicel. Lateral margin with sharply pointed denticles (Fig. 61D). Clypeus: straight in frontal view, vertical in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more (Fig. 61G). Eyes: PME largest, all eyes oval. Posterior eye row recurved from above, straight from front. ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE and PLE touching, PLE and PME touching, PME touching (Fig. 61A, D, G). Sternum: Longer than wide, sickle-shaped structures not touching, but elongated fan-like anteriorly. Radial furrows opposite coxae III appearing as sclerotized impressions, elongated fan-like anteriorly. Surface smooth (Fig. 61B, E). Mouthparts: Chelicerae slightly divergent, anterior face unmodified (Fig. 61G). Labium rectangular, indented at middle, with 3-5 setae on anterior margin. Abdomen: Book-lung covers elliptical. Scuto-pedicel region with interrupted, straight scutal ridge (Fig. 61H). Dorsal scutum orange-brown, middle surface and sides smooth, anterior half without projecting denticles. Epigastric scutum not protruding. Postepigastric scutum with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Posterior spiracles connected by groove. Legs: Harpoon-like hairs covering the distal part of metatarsi and tarsi III and IV. Tibiae with three, metatarsi with one trichobothria each. Genitalia: Sperm pore large, situated in front of anterior spiracles (Fig. 61B). Trochanter normal size, unmodified. Femur one to two times as long as trochanter, attaching to patella basally; patella about as long as femur, tibia slightly longer than patella, with three trichobothria and two longer and stronger setae, cymbium pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, fused with bulb, no seam visible; bulb pale orange, 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, distal part snail-shell-shaped, with membranous apophysis (Fig. 62A–E).
Female. Total length 1.89 mm. Carapace: Pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view (Fig. 63C, F). Female palp spineless, femora with two strong, spine-like hairs ventrally, tibiae with three trichobothria. Abdomen: Epigastric scutum strongly protruding (Fig. 63C). Genitalia: Epigastric furrow very narrow. Translucent, broad, tongue-like structure visible, directed posteriorly and folded underneath itself (Figs 63H; 64A–D).
description: Published as part of Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2014, The goblin spider genus Xyphinus (Araneae; Oonopidae), pp. 1-79 in Zootaxa 3870 (1) on pages 73-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3870.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4947426