cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Brane Decay and Defect Formation
Creators: name: Stoica, Horace
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological defects are generically expected to form in models of brane inflation. Brane-anti-brane annihilation provides a way to gracefully end inflation, and the dynamics of the tachyon field results in defect formation. The formation of defects has been studied mainly from the brane world-volume point of view, but the defects are themselves lower-dimensional branes, and as a result they couple to bulk fields. To investigate the impact of bulk fields on brane defect formation, we construct a toy model that captures the essential features of the tachyon condensation with bulk fields. In this toy model, we study the structure of defects and simulate their formation and evolution on a lattice. We find that while bulk fields do not have a significant effect on defect formation, they drastically influence the subsequent evolution of the defects, as they re-introduce long-range interactions between them.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of PASCOS-07, 2-7 July 2007, Imperial College, London
Development of Tool for Fast Quantitative Characterization of Dislocation Density on Etched Wafers
Creators: name: Stokkan, G.
name: Malmhaug, J.-K.
name: Hansen, A.E.
name: Haukalid, K.
name: Solem, M.
name: Westerberg, S.
name: Hveem, P.
name: Juel, M.
name: Sægrov-Sorte, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1307-1311
description: Dislocations are viewed as the most detrimental defect in terms of efficiency reduction for
multicrystalline and quasi-monocrystalline silicon, and measuring the dislocation density quantitatively is crucial for
understanding the generation processes and optimizing the production environment. A scanning instrument was built
which records the reflection pattern from a polished and etched surface and analyzes the obtained images. It is
possible to distinguish the pattern resulting from scattering by twins/grain boundaries and obtain measurements
which only includes signal from dislocation etch pits. The resulting intensity plot can be calibrated against manual
counting of etch pits, and a simple linear calibration factor is sufficient to obtain quantitative measurements of
dislocation density over entire wafer areas.
Advanced Luminescence Imaging of CIGS Solar Cells
Creators: name: Lavrenko, T.
name: Schönberger, F.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Teukam, M.
name: Walter, T.
name: Hahn, T.
name: Pistor, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2174-2178
description: The importance of CIGS-based solar cells for terrestrial application increases steadily. A key issue for a high
production yield are efficient inspection tools at the early stage of the production process. The present contribution focuses
on imaging characterization of CIGS solar cells including photo- and electroluminescence. PL imaging does not need
electrical contacts and can be applied after the absorber deposition prior to the TCO deposition and the completion of the
module. The effect of heat treatment on thermally evaporated In2S3 buffer layer with respect to the device performance is
studied on the “absorber&buffer” stack by PL-imaging. The correlation between PL intensity with achieved open circuit
voltages of the completed devices has been established. It will be concluded that the quality of the buffer layer and the
interface is well-detectable at this early stage by PL-imaging. The other issue addressed in this contribution is a
characterization of graded gap absorbers by EL imaging. It will be demonstrated that luminescence imaging using optical
bandpass filters can be used for the evaluation of the bandgap grading of CIGS absorbers fabricated by sequential processes.
Furthermore, lateral inhomogeneities with respect to the In/Ga intermixing can be detected already after the absorber
deposition by the proposed PL imaging method.
Evaluation of Quasi Mono Material and Its Potential for Reaching High Efficiency with Screen Printing Technology
Creators: name: Mrcarica, M.
name: Leys, G.
name: Szlufcik, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1570-1573
description: Casted mono like Si material (quasi mono) has shown great potential for enhancing cell efficiencies
with standard screen print technology. There are two areas of improvement comparing with standard mc-Si wafers:
tighter distribution and increase in Voc, and significant increase in Isc. Increase in Voc is due to reduced amount of
grain and sub grain boundaries, and applicable only for material that does not have increased number of dislocations
compared to multi wafers. High Isc comes partially from improved bulk properties, but more significantly from
possibility to perform alkaline texturing and reduce reflection sometimes on whole wafer area. Photovoltech
production run with standard mc-Si acidic texturing process has given average efficiency of 17.28% and highest cell
efficiency of 18.12%; with distribution : < 2.5% cells below 16 % efficiency; 80.4% cells above 17% efficiency and
0.5% cells above 18%. Voc of 632mV, Isc of above 9 A, and efficiency of 18.42% have been achieved with alkaline
texturing at pilot level. Mono like material has an advantage over CZ mono material regarding light induced
degradation (LID): CZ mono material degradation is 1.7 %, compared to cast mono material 0.5%, regardless of cast
mono wafer supplier or material quality.
The $C^{\a}$ regularity of a class hypoelliptic ultraparabolic equations
Creators: name: Wang, Wendong
name: Zhang, Liqun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We obtained the $C^{\a}$ continuity for weak solutions of a class of ultraparabolic equations with measurable coefficients of the form ${\ptl_t u}= \sum_{i,j=1}^{m_0}X_i(a_{ij}(x,t)X_j u)+X_0 u$. The result is proved by simplifying and generalizing our earlier arguments for the $C^{\a}$ regularity of homogeneous ultraparabolic equations.
description: 23 pages
Ice-shelf vibrations modeled by a full 3-D elastic model (Version#4)
Creators: name: Konovalov, Yuri V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This version contains the model, which describes the ice-shelf vibrations, based on the on the momentum equations that were written as the integro-differential equations. The integro-differential equations result from vertical integration of the momentum equations from the current vertical coordinate z to the ice surface.
Numerical confirmations of joint spike transitions in $G_2$ cosmologies
Creators: name: Lim, Woei Chet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We produce numerical evidence that the joint spike transitions between Kasner eras of $G_2$ cosmologies are described by the non-orthogonally transitive $G_2$ spike solution. A new matching procedure is developed for this purpose.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
A Simple Copper Metallisation Process for High Cell Efficiencies and Reliable Modules
Creators: name: Russell, R.
name: Tous, L.
name: Philipsen, H.
name: Horzel, J.
name: Cornagliotti, E.
name: Ngamo, M.
name: Choulat, P.
name: Labie, R.
name: Beckers, J.
name: Bertens, J.
name: Fujii, M.
name: John, J.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Mertens, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 538-543
description: This work reports on using copper (Cu) as the main conductor as an alternative to screen printed silver
(Ag) front contacts for homogeneous emitter silicon solar cells. The work is not only motivated by the limitations that Ag
screen printed contacts have regarding solar cell efficiency (high contact shading, limited line conductivity, and poor
contact resistance to moderately doped emitters) but also the PV industries desire to reduce Ag usage for cost reasons. A
relatively simple process sequence is investigated consisting of i) defining the front contact pattern by ps-UV laser
ablation ii) self-aligned plating of the contacts using Ni/Cu/Ag and finally iii) sintering in N2 for nickel silicidation. The
process sequence is applied to 12.5x12.5 cm2 p-type CZ-Si PERC type solar cells with 1μm deep 120Ω/ homogeneous
emitters. Solar cell efficiencies of up to =20.3% and average pull tab adhesion results >2N/mm are achieved. Thermal
cycling and damp heat reliability data for single cell laminates and small modules are reported meeting extended (1.5x)
IEC61215 criteria.
Isolation of avidin and lysozyme from egg albumen
Creators: name: Durance, Timothy Douglas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A single column cation exchange method was developed which allowed simultaneous recovery of lysozyme and avidin from undiluted egg white using a unique elution sequence which involved accumulation of avidin on the column through several cycles of egg white application and lysozyme elution. Lysozyme was recovered with higher yields than reported for the isoelectric precipitation methods often used in the industry (86% vs 60 - 80%) and in high purity. Avidin recovery was also as good or better than that of previously reported ion exchange methods (74 - 80% vs 17 -80%). The purity of the avidin fraction (up to 40.9%) was superior to other reported primary avidin fractions. Avidin was shown to have a greater potential for both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with Duolite C-464 than lysozyme but under the conditions of this separation, electrostatic interactions were dominant. Secondary purification of avidin by carboxymethyl celluose cation exchange (CMC), gel filtration, metal chelate interaction chromatography (MCIC), aliphatic hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), and Phenyl-Sepharose interaction chromatography (PSIC) each resulted in considerable increase in avidin purity. In terms of resin capacity, yields, and avidin purity however, CMC ion exchange was superior. A comparison of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) andnative protein electrophoresis profiles gave clear evidence of protein - protein interaction between avidin and lysozyme in partially purified avidin preparations. This interaction may also occur between the native proteins in the egg white, but has not been demonstrated with certainty. The molar ratio of avidin to available biotin binding sites was estimated by 5 methods. For highly purified avidin samples the hydroxy azo benzoic acid (HABA) method proposed by Green (1965) was superior. A new method, utilizing an immobilized biotin column, which did not require extensive purification of avidin was found to give similar results. Finally, a highly sensitive assay of proteins bound to nitrocellulose membranes was developed which was capable of quantifying as little as 0.12 µg of protein. Membrane bound proteins were labeled with peroxidase via a biotin - avidin linkage as previously reported and bound peroxidase activity was related to initial protein content. The method was applicable to determination of the relative concentrations of different protein bands on Western blots of electrophoresis gels.
Effect of Disorder and Notches on Crack Roughness
Creators: name: Nukala, Phani K. V. V.
name: Zapperi, Stefano
name: Alava, Mikko J.
name: Simunovic, Srdjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect of disorder and notches on crack roughness in two dimensions. Our simulation results based on large system sizes and extensive statistical sampling indicate that the crack surface exhibits a universal local roughness of $ζ_{loc} = 0.71$ and is independent of the initial notch size and disorder in breaking thresholds. The global roughness exponent scales as $ζ= 0.87$ and is also independent of material disorder. Furthermore, we note that the statistical distribution of crack profile height fluctuations is also independent of material disorder and is described by a Gaussian distribution, albeit deviations are observed in the tails.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
ABOUT SOME MUSICAL ALLUSIONS IN THE TCHAIKOVSY'S WORKS
Creators: name: Gnilov, B.
name: Nikoltsev, I.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: Tchaikovsky
Russian music
Westerners
musical allusions.

description: The nineteenth century is the era of the rapid development of Russian music. At this time, two tendencies were clearly manifested: the desire to develop an original Russian national culture and the development of Euro-pean experience in this area. Cultural figures were divided into "Slavophiles" and "Westernizers". Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky did not pass by their dispute either. Having been known as a musical "Westerner", he nevertheless advocated the development of national art. In his music, we can find both purely Russian "notes" and clear overlaps with European music, which is the subject of this article.
Unusual normal and superconducting state properties observed in hydrothermal Fe1-xSe flakes
Creators: name: Liu, Shaobo
name: Ma, Sheng
name: Wang, Zhaosheng
name: Hu, Wei
name: Li, Zian
name: Liang, Qimei
name: Wang, Hong
name: Zhang, Yuhang
name: Lu, Zouyouwei
name: Yuan, Jie
name: Jin, Kui
name: Li, Jian-Qi
name: Pi, Li
name: Yu, Li
name: Zhou, Fang
name: Dong, Xiaoli
name: Zhao, Zhongxian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic and superconducting properties of Fe1-xSe single-crystal flakes grown hydrothermally are studied by the transport measurements under zero and high magnetic fields up to 38.5 T. The results contrast sharply with those previously reported for nematically ordered FeSe by chemical-vapor-transport (CVT) growth. No signature of the electronic nematicity, but an evident metal-to-nonmetal crossover with increasing temperature, is detected in the normal state of the present hydrothermal samples. Interestingly, a higher superconducting critical temperature Tc of 13.2 K is observed compared to a suppressed Tc of 9 K in the presence of the nematicity in the CVT FeSe. Moreover, the upper critical field in the zero-temperature limit is found to be isotropic with respect to the field direction and to reach a higher value of ~42 T, which breaks the Pauli limit by a factor of 1.8.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Yangian of the Strange Lie Superalgebra of $\boldsymbol{Q_{n-1}}$ Type, Drinfel'd Approach
Creators: name: Stukopin, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Yangian of the strange Lie superalgebras in Drinfel'd realization is defined. The current system generators and defining relations are described.
description: This is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue on Integrable Systems and Related Topics, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Mixing-induced CP violating sources for electroweak baryogenesis
Creators: name: Zhou, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of flavor mixing in electroweak baryogenesis is investigated in a generalized semiclassical WKB approach. Through calculating the nonadiabatic corrections to the particle currents it is shown that extra CP violation sources arise from the off-diagonal part of the equation of motion of particles moving inside the bubble wall. The numerical importance of the mixing-induced source is discussed in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and compared with the source term induced by semiclassical force.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures. Talk given at the 16th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY08) June 16 - 21, 2008, Seoul, Korea. To appear in the proceedings
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE DEFECTS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD AFTER TRANSFERRED OSTEOMYELITIS
Creators: name: Skvortsov, A.
name: Khabibyanov, R.
name: Maleev, M.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: acute hematogenous metaepiphyseal osteomyelitis
proximal femur
complete defect of the epiph-ysis of the femoral head

description: Patients with various kinds of orthopedic complications of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis metaepiphyseal in the hip in the form of a complete defect of the epiphysis of the femoral head constituted 17.5% of all patients. In order to restore the congruence of the joint preservation and potency POBK to increase these patients shows the change of the ilium anterior-upper spine containing apophysis with sprout plate and feed the muscle on the leg stump of the femoral neck. Positive results were obtained in 6 cases out of 7.
From non-equilibrium Green's functions to quantum master equations for the density matrix and out-of-time-order correlators: steady state and adiabatic dynamics
Creators: name: Bhandari, Bibek
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Taddei, Fabio
name: Arrachea, Liliana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a finite quantum system under slow driving and weakly coupled to thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. We present a systematic derivation of the quantum master equation for the density matrix and the out-of-time-order correlators. We start from the microscopic Hamiltonian and we formulate the equations ruling the dynamics of these quantities by recourse to the Schwinger-Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, performing a perturbative expansion in the coupling between the system and the reservoirs. We focus on the adiabatic dynamics, which corresponds to considering the linear response in the ratio between the relaxation time due to the system-reservoir coupling and the time scale associated to the driving. We calculate the particle and energy fluxes. We illustrate the formalism in the case of a qutrit coupled to bosonic reservoirs and of a pair of interacting quantum dots attached to fermionic reservoirs, also discussing the relevance of coherent effects.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Optimizing Expected Shortfall under an $\ell_1$ constraint -- an analytic approach
Creators: name: Papp, Gábor
name: Kondor, Imre
name: Caccioli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Expected Shortfall (ES), the average loss above a high quantile, is the current financial regulatory market risk measure. Its estimation and optimization are highly unstable against sample fluctuations and become impossible above a critical ratio $r=N/T$, where $N$ is the number of different assets in the portfolio, and $T$ is the length of the available time series. The critical ratio depends on the confidence level $α$, which means we have a line of critical points on the $α-r$ plane. The large fluctuations in the estimation of ES can be attenuated by the application of regularizers. In this paper, we calculate ES analytically under an $\ell_1$ regularizer by the method of replicas borrowed from the statistical physics of random systems. The ban on short selling, i.e. a constraint rendering all the portfolio weights non-negative, is a special case of an asymmetric $\ell_1$ regularizer. Results are presented for the out-of-sample and the in-sample estimator of the regularized ES, the estimation error, the distribution of the optimal portfolio weights and the density of the assets eliminated from the portfolio by the regularizer. It is shown that the no-short constraint acts as a high volatility cutoff, in the sense that it sets the weights of the high volatility elements to zero with higher probability than those of the low volatility items. This cutoff renormalizes the aspect ratio $r=N/T$, thereby extending the range of the feasibility of optimization. We find that there is a nontrivial mapping between the regularized and unregularized problems, corresponding to a renormalization of the order parameters.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures
Imaging the Recombination Current Pre-Factor Jo of Heavily Doped Surface Regions; A Comparison of Low and High Injection Photoluminescence Techniques
Creators: name: Bullock, J.
name: Yan, D.
name: Thomson, A.
name: Cuevas, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1312-1318
description: A novel technique for imaging the recombination current pre-factor Jo of heavily doped surface regions, ubiquitous to
mainstream silicon solar cells, is introduced. This technique utilises photoluminescence in a low injection regime,
allowing measurement of test structures with low and moderate resistivities, which are unattainable by the
conventional Kane and Swanson method [1]. The procedure is fast and simple requiring only one photoluminescence
image and no photoconductance measurement (after an initial calibration). The potential of the technique is
demonstrated on surface-passivated phosphorus diffusions with sheet resistances in the range of ~15 – 120 Ω/sq. A
comparison is made with both high and low injection photoconductance decay (PCD) measurements and a recently
proposed high injection Jo imaging technique (based on Kane and Swanson theory) [2, 3].
Rectification of Swimming Bacteria and Self Driven Particle Systems by Arrays of Asymmetric Barriers
Creators: name: Wan, M. B.
name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
name: Nussinov, Z.
name: Reichhardt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We show that the recent experimental observation of the rectification of swimming bacteria in a system with an array of asymmetric barriers occurs due to the ballistic component of the bacteria trajectories introduced by the bacterial "motor." Each bacteria selects a random direction for motion and then moves in this direction for a fixed period of time before randomly changing its orientation and moving in a new direction. In the limit where the bacteria undergo only Brownian motion, rectification by the barriers does not occur. We also examine the effects of steric interactions between the bacteria and observe a clogging effect upon increasing the bacteria density.
description: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
REAL DEATH RATE OF POPULATION DUE TO PLANET ATMOSPHERE POLLUTION WITH INVISIBLE PARTICULATE MATTERS LEAVES ACTUAL COVID-19 PANDEMIC FATALITY BEHIND
Creators: name: Azarov, V.
name: Kutenev, V.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: Air pollution
hazardous substances
particulate matters
cancerogenic substances
decarboniza-tion
environmental and economic damage

description: The article analyzes two existing social, technical and economic problems which the world community has to focus on and pay special attention to.
Mass transfer variation in the outburst model of dwarf novae and soft X-ray transients
Creators: name: Viallet, M.
name: Hameury, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss two mechanisms that could result in an enhancement of the mass transfer rate during outbursts of dwarf novae and soft X-ray transients: the hot outer disc rim itself could heat the L1 point and scattered radiation by optically thin outflowing matter could also heat L1 significantly. We determine quantitatively the increase of the mass transfer rate resulting from an extra heating. During outbursts, the disc edge heats up the upper layer of the secondary with a flux of the order of the intrinsic stellar flux. This probably has no large effect on the mass transfer rate. In soft X-ray transients, the environing medium of the disc (corona+wind) could back-scatter a certain fraction of the accretion luminosity toward L1. Since soft X-ray transients reach high luminosities, even a low efficiency of this effect could yield a significant heating of L1, whereas we show that in dwarf novae this effect is negligible. Initially the incoming radiation does not penetrate below the photosphere of the secondary. Depending on the heating efficiency, which has to be determined, the mass transfer rate could be significantly increased (~x100).
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Lattice Resistance to Dislocation Motion at the Nanoscale
Creators: name: Dutta, A.
name: Bhattacharya, M.
name: Barat, P.
name: Mukherjee, P.
name: Gayathri, N.
name: Das, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we propose a model that demonstrates the effect of free surface on the lattice resistance experienced by a moving dislocation in nanodimensional systems. This effect manifests in an enhanced velocity of dislocation due to the proximity of the dislocation line to the surface. To verify this finding, molecular dynamics simulations for an edge dislocation in bcc molybdenum are performed and the results are found to be in agreement with the numerical implementations of this model. The reduction in this effect at higher stresses and temperatures, as revealed by the simulations, confirms the role of lattice resistance behind the observed change in the dislocation velocity.
description: 4 Figures
Combining Raman Spectroscopy Mapping with Conductive AFM to Reveal Stress-Current Relationships on the Nanoscale
Creators: name: Tian, M.
name: Trimbach, D.
name: Kozodaev, D.
name: Timofeef, S.
name: Shchekin, A.
name: Alexeeva, J.
name: Ulyashin, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2143-2147
description: Detailed investigations and studies have been done on model Si-based solar cells on the nanoscale by
using combined micro-Raman and conductive AFM. In these studies, two model Si-based structures have been
investigated: (i) ITO/Mono-Si/Al and (ii) ITO/-Si/Multi-Si/Al. The conductivity studies show that the current
distribution from the top to the bottom of the solar cell (called vertical current) is independent of the top ITO layer
structure; however it is related to the solar cell multi-layer structure and Si substrate. The activity interface and nanocurrent
channels have been observed on the cross-section surface of these solar cells by using conductive AFM. It is
demonstrated that the current is inhomogeneous through the whole solar cell, and is concentrated in nano-current
channels at the activity interface between the multilayer structures. Moreover, confocal Raman characterizations and
analyses, combined with the conductive AFM measurements, have shown that higher stresses are present in the
regions on the Si substrate with lower current intensities. We successfully demonstrated a powerful tool for solar cell
research by using a combination of micro-Raman spectroscopy mapping and conductive AFM measurements on the
nano-scale. This gives new insights in relations between various material properties and the solar cell conductivity
properties, which in turn may lead to improved fabrication processes.
ADAPTATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN TO THE CONDITIONS PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Creators: name: Oteniyazova Sh.
name: Oteniyazova, P.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: adaptation
daily routine
peers
communication
preschool organization
stressful sit-uations
family environment
communication style
unbalanced behavior
etc

description: The article deals with the adaptation of young children to the conditions of a preschool educational organiza-tion, the peculiarities of the development of young children, the influence of various factors on the socialization of a child. In this regard, teachers and educators of preschool educational organizations have a great responsibility that must take into account all the factors that affect the development of the child. These are the environment, heredity, upbringing, age and individual characteristics of the child.
Crucible and Coating Impact on Multi-Crystalline Silicon Ingot Red Zone
Creators: name: Laurent, J.
name: Jouini, A.
name: Drevet, B.
name: Martin, C.
name: Rancoule, G.
name: Garcia, T.
name: Mathiot, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1006-1009
description: Multi-crystalline Si ingots are produced by directional solidification of molten silicon in fused silica crucible
previously coated with a releasing agent mainly composed of silicon nitride. The interaction between the crucible/coating
and silicon contaminates the high purity silicon by oxygen and metallic impurities which results in the degradation of
electrical properties of a significant ingot border edge layer. This layer called red zone (minority carrier lifetime below 2
μs) cannot be processed as it is into wafers.
In this study we investigate how modified crucible and coating can contribute to the size reduction of this area. To
this end, two different cylindrical crucibles are used: a reference crucible and a high performance crucible (HPC) both
produced by Vesuvius. In all cases, minority carrier lifetime mapping of silicon ingot using the μ-PCD, chemical analysis
by ICPMS) and FTIR were performed. Dissolved iron concentration is measured using the dissociation of Iron-Boron
pairs technique thanks to a Semilab WT 2010D.
Investigations are clearly showing that the red zone can be modified by the use of HPC crucibles providing an effective
environment to enhance ingot quality.
topi.link - A graph-based topologyfor vague geographical relations
Creators: name: Thiery, Florian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Scandinavia
Norway
Finland
Sweden
Arctic Circle
North Cape

description: Data modelling in relational structures is a major part in geodesist's geodata modelling life. We use PostGIS databases, GeoServer applications using OGC standards, to share interoperable and open geodata via the World Wide Web. In addition, new modelling technologies allow NoSQL modelling, like graphs. Graph data is structured in nodes and edges. Geodesists know these structures if we look deeper into navigation systems technology by using the Dijkstra algorithm. However, to provide interoperable and semantic data, directed edge-coloured graphs, modelled in RDF using subjects, predicates and objects according to the principles of Linked (Open) Data[1] are necessary. LOD are already widely used in geodesy[2]: e.g. GeoSPARQL[3], LinkedGeoData[4] and Britains Ordnance Survey[5]. But what can we do if our data only consists of toponyms which have geographical relations without coordinate information? We could model these spatial relations[6] using the common DE-9IM[7] topological model; but in re- ality this nine relations are not enough. Moreover, these relations are very vague. Furthermore, inference making, e.g. for the property northOf [8], via reasoning[9], to create new knowledge, would be very cool: we need a 'little minion' to all this stuff. For modelling these kinds of vague geographical graph data, the Academic Meta Tool[10] (AMT) can be used: this paper focuses on prototypical examples of the 'topi Ontology'[11] by introducing AMT modelling strategies, the AMT JavaScript framework[12] and the topi.link playground[13].
EFFICIENCY OF WINTER WHEAT GROWING IN UKRAINE
Creators: name: Cherniak, M.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: Winter wheat
grain export
irreversible removal of nutrients
weed control
dicotyledonous weeds

description: Winter wheat is an important crop in Ukraine. In 2019, it was grown on 6.65 million hectares. Two factors that can significantly reduce wheat productivity are the wrong selection of fertilizer system and weed control system. The experiments were carried out in the years 2016−2019. The following formulations were used for weed control: Tribenuron-methyl, 750g/kg (20, 30 g/ha); Triasulfuron, 750g/kg (10, 15 g/ha); Prosulfuron, 750g/kg (20, 30 g/ha); Thifensulfuron-methyl, 750g/kg (20, 30 g/ha). Formulations were applied in autumn in the growth stages of winter wheat (BBCH-scale) 7−9, 10−13, 22−25, and in spring in stages 25−26, 27−29, 30−35. The analysis of the areas of cultivation, yield, and export shows that in Ukraine, 24–26 million tonnes of the wheat grain is grown annually, of which 50–72% is exported. Along with the exported grain, 224 thousand tonnes of nitrogen, 80 thousand tonnes of phosphorus, and 53 thousand tonnes of potassium, which equals 382.3 million US dollars, are removed from the soil every year. This means that producers bear the costs of compensation for lost soil fertility through the use of additional fertilizers. To protect crops from dicotyledonous weeds in autumn, it is recommended to use Prosulfuron formulation in the early stages of growth and development of winter wheat (BBCH stages 7–9) at an application rate of 20 g/ha, and Triasulfuron in the stages 10–13 at an application rate of 10 g/ha. If necessary, for spring weed control it is advisable to use Prosulfuron during the restoration of spring vegetation (BBCH stages 25–26), at an application rate of 20 g/ha, or Triasulfuron at a rate of 10 g/ha in stages 27–29.
The Problems of Photovoltaics Development in Russia
Creators: name: Karabanov, S.M.
name: Kazakova, N.V.
name: Kuropov, M.V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Barriers

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4721-4723
description: The purpose of the paper is the study of the main problems of photovoltaics development in Russia.
The current status of photovoltaics and its possible change in near-term outlook and long-run prospects is considered.
The samples of the photovoltaics support in some countries, the analysis of the Russian legislation in this field are
presented. The data of the possibility for the improvement of the investment climate in the field of photovoltaics have
been obtained. The study showed that in case of the state support, PV market stimulation the dynamic solar energy
development is possible.
Tracking the evolution of lithium in giants using asteroseismology: Super-Li-rich stars are almost exclusively young red-clump stars
Creators: name: Singh, Raghubar
name: Reddy, Bacham E.
name: Campbell, Simon W.
name: Kumar, Yerra Bharat
name: Vrard, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report novel observational evidence on the evolutionary status of lithium-rich giant stars by combining asteroseismic and lithium abundance data. Comparing observations and models of the asteroseismic gravity-mode period spacing $ΔΠ_{1}$, we find that super-Li-rich giants (SLR, A(Li)~$> 3.2$~dex) are almost exclusively young red-clump (RC) stars. Depending on the exact phase of evolution, which requires more data to refine, SLR stars are either (i) less than $\sim 2$~Myr or (ii) less than $\sim40$~Myr past the main core helium flash (CHeF). Our observations set a strong upper limit for the time of the inferred Li-enrichment phase of $< 40$~Myr post-CHeF, lending support to the idea that lithium is produced around the time of the CHeF. In contrast, the more evolved RC stars ($> 40$~Myr post-CHeF) generally have low lithium abundances (A(Li)~$<1.0$~dex). Between the young, super-Li-rich phase, and the mostly old, Li-poor RC phase, there is an average reduction of lithium by about 3 orders of magnitude. This Li-destruction may occur rapidly. We find the situation to be less clear with stars having Li abundances between the two extremes of super-Li-rich and Li-poor. This group, the `Li-rich' stars ($3.2 >$~A(Li)~$> 1.0$~dex), shows a wide range of evolutionary states.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Low-Temperature Preparation of Porous Zinc Oxide Nanoplates for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Creators: name: Chang, W.
name: Lin, C.-M.
name: Yu, W.-C.
name: Tung, Y.-L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Organic-based PV

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2919-2921
description: As a promising candidate for the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), nanostructured zinc
oxide (ZnO) of various morphologies has been extensively studied in recent years. Previously we reported a lowtemperature
preparation method for nanoporous ZnO films through calcination of precursor nanoplates electrochemically
deposited on conducting glass substrate. To enable future application to flexible polymeric substrates, a relatively low
calcination temperature of 150°C is used. The thermal treatment not only converts the precursor into ZnO, but also
generates numerous tiny perforations on the nanoplates. We also show that the porous nanoplate structure thus prepared
is suitable for the fabrication of DSSC photoanodes. In this study we modified the electrochemical deposition condition
and found that the utilization of oxygen-saturated electrolyte reduced the required calcination time from 24 h to 12 h. The
effect of ZnO film thickness on cell photovoltaic performance was also studied, and a maximum conversion efficiency of
3.95% was achieved with a 26-μm thick film. The other associated photovoltaic characteristics of the peak performing
cell are as follows: short-circuit current density (JSC) = 9.35 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) = 0.66 V, fill factor
(FF)= 0.64.
PV Module Take Back and Recycling Systems in Europe – New Challenges under WEEE
Creators: name: Wambach, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
Sustainability Aspects

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4757-4760
description: PV Modules are included in the recast of WEEE. All producers and importers in Europe will have to
register in the European countries, set money aside and finance the take back and recycling of their end-of-life waste
from 2014 on latest. PV modules will be collected together with consumer electronics. An Overview about the new
obligations for PV companies, importers and traders is presented. Traditional WEEE schemes already compete with new
individual take back systems. At first recycling solutions will rely on existing technologies in WEEE or glass recycling,
new developments require legislative support and sufficiently large waste streams to justify the investments and can be
expected in the future.
One loop superstring effective actions and N=8 supergravity
Creators: name: Moura, Filipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous article we have shown the existence of a new independent R^4 term, at one loop, in the type IIA and heterotic effective actions, after reduction to four dimensions, besides the usual square of the Bel-Robinson tensor. It had been shown that such a term could not be directly supersymmetrized, but we showed that was possible after coupling to a scalar chiral multiplet. In this article we study the extended (N=8) supersymmetrization of this term, where no other coupling can be taken. We show that such supersymmetrization cannot be achieved at the linearized level. This is in conflict with the theory one gets after toroidal compactification of type II superstrings being N=8 supersymmetric. We interpret this result in face of the recent claim that perturbative supergravity cannot be decoupled from string theory in d>=4, and N=8, d=4 supergravity is in the swampland.
description: 28 pages, no figures
Investigation of the c-Si/Al2O3 Interface for Silicon Surface Passivation
Creators: name: Benner, F.
name: Jordan, P.M.
name: Knaut, M.
name: Dirnstorfer, I.
name: Bartha, J.W.
name: Mikolajick, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1793-1796
description: The role of the SiO2 interface for Al2O3 passivation layers on p-type Silicon is investigated. Thin
(0.6-6.0 nm) SiO2 layers were prepared by means of HF etch and thermal oxidation on c-Si wafers prior to the Atomic
Layer Deposition (ALD) of Al2O3. Subsequently, the Al2O3 layer was deposited and annealed and the films were
characterized using Microwave Detected Photoconductivity (MDP), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and
Capacitance-Voltage (C(V)) measurements. The best passivation effect was found for a 2.0 nm SiO2 interface. Thicker
interfaces reduce the effective minority carrier lifetime due to the formation of positive charges in the dielectric. C(V)
hysteresis curves show that the charge density in Al2O3 is not stable but a function of the applied bias voltage and
thickness of the SiO2 interface. The change in charge density could be described by trapping of electrons from Si into
Al2O3 with SiO2 acting as a tunnel barrier. Since trapped electrons are part of the negative charges in Al2O3, a thin SiO2
interface is required to realize the high field effect passivation of Al2O3.
Integration of Ageing in a PEMFC range extender model for on-board prognostic applications
Creators: name: Petrone, Raffaele
name: Yousfi Steiner, Nadia
name: Hissel, Daniel
name: Péra, Marie-Cécile
name: Zerhouni, Noureddine
name: Jemeï, Samir
name: Hemmer, Stefan
name: Bouwman, Ruud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: ageing
model-based
EMR
PHM
range extender
electrical bus

description: The deployment of a FC range extender can be a suited solution to overcome the battery autonomy limitations in electrical vehicles and hybrid configurations. In the framework of the European project Glantleap, a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) range extender is integrated in an electrical bus to support the batteries' pack load demand. The prediction of both the FC ageing and its interactions with the balance of plant (BoP) is considered as a strategical approach to anticipate and consequently reduce the FC system performance degradations. A PEMFC stack model has been developed using the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism. The model integrates the stack ageing laws and is adapted for on-board prognostic and health management purposes. This  paper presents shortly the model and Its validation. For this purpose, the voltage losses increase with the stack ageing is presented. To prove  the  model  genericity,  two  different  ageing  simulation results are proposed and compared with long-term test results. Data are referred to two different data-sets linked to two PEMFC stacks of the same technology, but of different generation.
SYSTEM STATE DIAGRAM AND CHEMICAL INTERACTION IN THE Sb2Se3-ErSe SYSTEM
Creators: name: Sadigov, F.
name: Ilyasly, T.
name: Ismailov, Z.
name: Mamedova, S.
name: Bagiyeva, M.
name: Sultanova, S.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: selenides
system
solid
solutions
phase
diagram

description: The nature of the physicochemical interaction in the Sb2Se3-ErSe system has been studied by the methods of differential thermal (DTA), X-ray phase (XRD) and microstructural (MSA) analyzes, measurements of micro-hardness and electrophysical properties. It was found that alloys of the Sb2Se3-ErSe system, containing 98; 66.7; 50 and 40 mol% Sb2Se3 are single-phase, and the rest of the alloys are two-phase. According to the results of studies of X-ray phase analysis, it was established that three new ternary com-pounds ErSb4Se7, ErSb2Se4, and Er3Sb4Se9 are formed in the system. A state diagram of the Sb2Se3-ErSe system, which is a quasi-binary eutectic type, is constructed. A solid solution region was found near Sb2Se3 with a length of up to 2 mol% at room temperature.
Giant topological and planar Hall effect in Cr$_{1/3}$NbS$_{2}$
Creators: name: Mayoh, D. A.
name: Bouaziz, J.
name: Hall, A. E.
name: Staunton, J. B.
name: Lees, M. R.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cr$_{1/3}$NbS$_{2}$ is a transition metal dichalcogenide that has been of significant interest due to its ability to host a magnetic chiral soliton lattice. Conventional and planar Hall measurements provide valuable insight into the detection of exotic spin structures in chiral magnets. We show that the presence of a giant planar Hall effect can be attributed to a tilted soliton lattice in Cr$_{1/3}$NbS$_{2}$. Our detailed angular dependent study shows the planar Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance are intrinsically linked in complex non-coplanar magnets. From the conventional Hall signal we show the presence of a giant unconventional, likely topological Hall component, that is the fingerprint of non-coplanar spin textures.
description: 23 + 3 pages, 5 + 3 figures. Includes supplemental material. Published in Physical Review Research