cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Collider probe of heavy additional Higgs bosons solving the muon $g-2$ and dark matter problems
Creators: name: Blanke, Monika
name: Iguro, Syuhei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) search potential of a $\mathbb{Z}_4$-based two Higgs doublet model which can simultaneously explain the muon $g-2$ anomaly and the observed dark matter. The neutral scalars in the second Higgs doublet couple to $μ$ and $τ$ and largely contribute to the muon anomalous magnetic moment through the one-loop diagram involving $τ$ and scalars. An additional singlet scalar which is charged under the discrete symmetry can be a dark matter candidate. An upper limit on the scalar mass originates from the unitarity constraint, and the $μτ$ flavor-violating nature of the scalars predicts non-standard signatures at the LHC. However, the previously proposed $μ^\pmμ^\pmτ^\mpτ^\mp$ signal via the electroweak heavy neutral scalar pair production at the LHC loses sensitivity for increasing scalar mass. We revisit this model and investigate the LHC prospects for the single production of the $μτ$ flavor-violating neutral scalar. It is shown that the single scalar process helps to extend the LHC reach to the 1$\,$TeV mass regime of the scenario. The search potential at the high energy LHC is also discussed.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRD
Devaney Chaos on a Set-valued Map and Its Inverse Limit
Creators: name: Zhao, Yingcui
name: Wang, Lidong
name: Wang, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54F17, 54E45(Primary), 37C25, 54F65(Secondary)

description: We study relationships between a set-valued map and its inverse limits about the notion of periodic point set, transitivity, sensitivity and Devaney chaos. Density of periodic point set of a set-valued map and its inverse limits implies each other. Sensitivity of a set-valued map and its inverse limits does not imply each other. Transitivity and Devaney chaos of generalized inverse limits implies the corresponding property of a set-valued map.
On the Strength and Duration of Solar Cycle 25: A Novel Quantile-based Superposed Epoch Analysis
Creators: name: Riley, Pete
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sunspot number (SSN) is an important - albeit nuanced - parameter that can be used as an indirect measure of solar activity. Predictions of upcoming active intervals, including the peak and timing of solar maximum can have important implications for space weather planning. Forecasts for the strength of solar cycle 25 have varied considerably, from it being very weak, to one of the strongest cycles in recorded history. In this study, we develop a novel quantile based superposed epoch analysis that can be updated on a monthly basis, and which currently predicts that solar cycle 25 will be a very modest cycle (within the 25th percentile of all numbered cycles), with a monthly-averaged (13-month average) peak of - 130 (110) likely occurring in December, 2024. We validate the model by performing retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) for the previous 24 cycles, finding that it out performs the baseline (reference) model (the average cycle) 75% of the time.
R-NL: Covariance Matrix Estimation for Elliptical Distributions based on Nonlinear Shrinkage
Creators: name: Hediger, Simon
name: Näf, Jeffrey
name: Wolf, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We combine Tyler's robust estimator of the dispersion matrix with nonlinear shrinkage. This approach delivers a simple and fast estimator of the dispersion matrix in elliptical models that is robust against both heavy tails and high dimensions. We prove convergence of the iterative part of our algorithm and demonstrate the favorable performance of the estimator in a wide range of simulation scenarios. Finally, an empirical application demonstrates its state-of-the-art performance on real data.
Characterization of switching field distributions in Ising-like magnetic arrays
Creators: name: Fraleigh, Robert D.
name: Kempinger, Susan
name: Lammert, Paul
name: Crespi, Vincent H.
name: Samarth, Nitin
name: Zhang, Sheng
name: Schiffer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The switching field distribution within arrays of single-domain ferromagnetic islands incorpo- rates both island-island interactions and quenched disorder in island geometry. Separating these two contributions is important for disentangling the effects of disorder and interactions in the magnetization dynamics of island arrays. Using sub-micron, spatially resolved Kerr imaging in an external magnetic field for islands with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, we map out the evolution of island arrays during hysteresis loops. Resolving and tracking individual islands across four different lattice types and a range of inter-island spacings, we extract the individual switching fields of every island and thereby determine the relative contributions of interactions and quenched disorder in the arrays. The width of the switching field distribution is well explained by a simple model comprising the sum of an array-independent contribution (interpreted as disorder-induced), and a term proportional to the maximum field the fully polarized array could exert on a single island. We conclude that disorder in these arrays is primarily a single-island property.
Large-time correlation functions in bosonic lattice field theories
Creators: name: Yunus, Cagin
name: Detmold, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-time correlation functions have a pivotal role in extracting particle masses from Euclidean lattice field theory calculations, however little is known about the statistical properties of these quantities. In this work, the asymptotic form of the distributions of the correlation functions at vanishing momentum is determined for bosonic interacting lattice field theories with a unique gapped vacuum. It is demonstrated that the deviations from the asymptotic form at large Euclidean times can be utilized to determine the spectrum of the theory.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures; typos corrected, abstract modified
Rewiring of proline metabolism in colorectal carcinogenesis: causes and consequences
Creators: name: Burke, Lynsey
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the UK. Recently, the metabolism of non-essential amino acids in cancer has been identified as an area of interest for novel therapeutic targets. Of particular interest here, the metabolism of proline has been linked with cancer progression in a number of malignancies. The final step of proline biosynthesis is catalysed by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases (PYCRs) which utilise NAD(P)H as a cofactor. PYCR1 and PYCR2 are mitochondrial isoforms whilst PYCR3 is localised to the cytoplasm. PYCR1 has been reported to be upregulated in a number of cancers including CRC. Here, evidence is provided to confirm the role of PYCR1 in CRC using both RNA interference and CRISPR/cas9 technologies. siRNA knockdown resulted in decreased cell growth with increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Supplementation with proline and nucleotides indicate that neither biosynthesis of proline, nor the production of nucleotides are limiting in PYCR1-depleted cells. Evidence is also provided to indicate an increased role of PYCR2 than previously thought with analysis of online datasets showing a correlation between PYCR2 expression and reduced survival in stage IV CRC. This suggests a role for PYCR2 in metastatic cancers. Overall, this thesis indicates that the proline metabolic pathway is a suitable target for novel CRC therapies. In particular, this thesis provides a novel role for PYCR2 in CRC which should be investigated further.
$K^{*}$ vector meson resonances dynamics in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Ilner, Andrej
name: Cabrera, Daniel
name: Markert, Christina
name: Bratkovskaya, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the strange vector meson ($K^*, \bar K^*$) dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions based on the microscopic Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach which incorporates partonic and hadronic degrees-of-freedom, a phase transition from hadronic to partonic matter - Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) - and a dynamical hadronization of quarks and antiquarks as well as final hadronic interactions. We investigate the role of in-medium effects on the $K^*, \bar K^*$ meson dynamics by employing Breit-Wigner spectral functions for the $K^*$'s with self-energies obtained from a self-consistent coupled-channel G-matrix approach. Furthermore, we confront the PHSD calculations with experimental data for p+p, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at energies up to $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}} = 200$~GeV. Our analysis shows that at relativistic energies most of the final $K^*$s (observed experimentally) are produced during the late hadronic phase, dominantly by the $K+ π\to K^*$ channel, such that the fraction of the $K^*$s from the QGP is small and can hardly be reconstructed from the final observables. The influence of the in-medium effects on the $K^*$ dynamics at RHIC energies is rather modest due to their dominant production at low baryon densities (but high meson densities), however, it increases with decreasing beam energy. Moreover, we find that the additional cut on the invariant mass region of the $K^*$ further influences the shape and the height of the final spectra. This imposes severe constraints on the interpretation of the experimental results.
Spectroscopic Comparison of Metal-Rich RRab Stars of the Galactic Field with Their Metal-Poor Counterparts
Creators: name: Chadid, Merieme
name: Sneden, Christopher
name: Preston, George W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate atmospheric properties of 35 stable RRab stars that possess the full ranges of period, light amplitude, and metal abundance found in Galactic RR Lyrae stars. Our results are derived from several thousand echelle spectra obtained over several years with the du Pont telescope of Las Campanas Observatory. Radial velocities of metal lines and the Halpha line were used to construct curves of radial velocity versus pulsation phase. From these we estimated radial velocity amplitudes for metal lines (formed near the photosphere) and Halpha Doppler cores (formed at small optical depths). We also measured Halpha emission fluxes when they appear during primary light rises. Spectra shifted to rest wavelengths, binned into small phase intervals, and coadded were used to perform model atmospheric and abundance analyses. The derived metallicities and those of some previous spectroscopic surveys were combined to produce a new calibration of the Layden abundance scale. We then divided our RRab sample into metal-rich (disk) and metal-poor (halo) groups at [Fe/H]=-1.0. The atmospheres of RRab families, so defined, differ with respect to (a) peak strength of Halpha emission flux, (b) Halpha radial velocity amplitude, (c) dynamical gravity, (d) stellar radius variation, (e) secondary acceleration during the photometric "bump" that precedes minimum light, and (g) duration of Halpha line-doubling. We also detected Halpha line-doubling during the bump in the metal-poor family, but not in the metal-rich one. Though all RRab probably are core helium-burning horizontal branch stars, the metal-rich group appear to be a species sui generis.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Female Education and Social Change
Creators: name: Bühler, Mathias
name: Vollmer, Leonhard
name: Wimmer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: Does access to education facilitate the emergence of a human capital elite from which social activists, and thus, social change can emerge? Assembling a city-level panel of the political, intellectual, and economic elite throughout German history, we find that the opening of schools providing secondary education for women increased their representation among the human capital elite. These elites challenged the status quo and developed critical ideas that resonated in cities with higher human capital, connecting women to form a social movement. We find no evidence of other city-specific indicators of economic and gender-specific cultural change affecting our results. Differential returns to education are also unrelated to the increasing representation of women among the human capital elite, as the opening of gender-specific schools has no impact on the opposite gender.
Probing a $\mathrm{Z}^{\prime}$ with non-universal fermion couplings through top quark fusion, decays to bottom quarks, and machine learning techniques
Creators: name: Barbosa, Diego
name: Díaz, Felipe
name: Quintero, Liliana
name: Flórez, Andrés
name: Sanchez, Manuel
name: Gurrola, Alfredo
name: Sheridan, Elijah
name: Romeo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of heavy mass resonances has been widely studied theoretically and experimentally. Several extensions of the standard model (SM) of particle physics, naturally give rise to a new resonance, with neutral electric charge, commonly referred to as the $\textrm{Z}^{\prime}$ boson. The nature, mass, couplings, and associated quantum numbers of this hypothetical particle are yet to be determined. We present a feasibility study on the production of a vector like $\textrm{Z}^{\prime}$ boson at the LHC, with preferential couplings to third generation fermions, considering proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ $\mathrm{TeV}$ and 14 TeV. We work under two simplified phenomenological frameworks where the $\mathrm{Z}^{\prime}$ masses and couplings to the SM particles are free parameters, and consider final states of the $\textrm{Z}^{\prime}$ decaying to a pair of $\mathrm{b}$ quarks. The analysis is performed using machine learning techniques in order to maximize the experimental sensitivity. The proposed search methodology can be a key mode for discovery, complementary to the existing search strategies considered in literature, and extends the LHC sensitivity to the $\mathrm{Z}^{\prime}$ parameter space.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures
Characterization of two SiPM arrays from Hamamatsu and Onsemi for liquid argon detector
Creators: name: Wang, T. A.
name: Guo, C.
name: Liang, X. H.
name: Wang, L.
name: Guan, M. Y.
name: Yang, C. G.
name: Liu, J. C.
name: Lin, F. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), a new type of photosensor, is considered a substitute for traditional photomultiplier tube (PMT) in the next generation of dark matter and neutrino detectors, especially in noble gas detectors like liquid argon. However, the design of compact SiPM arrays and their cryogenic electronics that can work in liquid argon is barely developed. Thus, two candidate SiPM arrays from Hamamatsu and Onsemi were selected to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the design. In this work, we successfully developed a cryogenic electronics read-out system that connects and works with 1-inch 4$\times$4 SiPM arrays at 87~K. The power dissipation of amplifiers is less than 10 $μ$W/mm$^2$. Furthermore, multiply significant characteristics of both types of SiPM arrays were measured at liquid argon temperature, such as dark count rate (DCR), breakdown voltage (V${_{bd}}$), single photoelectron (SPE) performance, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and correlated signal probability.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures
The Scenario Test UK Administration Training Resource
Creators: name: Devane, Niamh
name: Hilari, Katerina
name: Roper, Abi
name: Dipper, Lucy
Publisher: name: City, University of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: Speech pathology

description: The Scenario Test, UK is a daily life communication measure for people with aphasia. It measures how a person with aphasia conveys everyday messages, verbally and/or nonverbally, in an interactive setting. The Scenario Test captures all types of communication and how effective they are and it is thus suitable for people with severe aphasia, with no or very limited verbal language.
 Before you administer the Scenario Test, UK, complete the The Scenario Test UK Administration Training. This will take approximately 30 minutes. You can purchase the test from J & R Press.
Single reconstructed Fermi surface pocket in an underdoped single layer cuprate superconductor
Creators: name: Chan, M. K.
name: Harrison, N.
name: McDonald, R. D.
name: Ramshaw, B. J.
name: Modic, K. A.
name: Barisic, N.
name: Greven, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of a reconstructed Fermi surface via quantum oscillations in hole-doped cuprates opened a path towards identifying broken symmetry states in the pseudogap regime. However, such an identification has remained inconclusive due to the multi-frequency quantum oscillation spectra and complications accounting for bilayer effects in most studies. We overcome these impediments with high resolution measurements on the structurally simpler cuprate HgBa2CuO4+d (Hg1201), which features one CuO2 plane per unit cell. We find only a single oscillatory component with no signatures of magnetic breakdown tunneling to additional orbits. Therefore, the Fermi surface comprises a single quasi-two-dimensional pocket. Quantitative modeling of these results indicates that biaxial charge-density-wave within each CuO2 plane is responsible for the reconstruction, and rules out criss-crossed charge stripes between layers as a viable alternative in Hg1201. Lastly, we determine that the characteristic gap between reconstructed pockets is a significant fraction of the pseudogap energy.
title: State Repression, Exit, and Voice
Creators: name: Bühler, Mathias
name: Madestam, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: What is the political legacy of state repression? Using local variation in state repression during the Khmer Rouge genocide in Cambodia, we investigate the effects of repression on political beliefs and behavior. We find that past state repression decreases votes for an authoritarian incumbent while enhancing electoral competition and support for democratic values four decades later. At the same time, individuals become more cautious in their interactions with the local community: they exhibit less trust, participate less in community organizations, and engage less with local government. Our theoretical model suggests that these opposing forces arise because experiencing repression bolsters preferences for pluralism while also heightening the perceived cost of dissent. Consequently, citizens are more likely to support the opposition in elections (voice) but engage less in civil society (exit) to avoid publicly revealing their political views. Exploring channels of persistence, we demonstrate that repression cultivates a lasting fear of violence as a societal threat, and that genocide memorials and remembrance ceremonies maintain the collective memory of the atrocities.
Untersuchung der Verteilung von Spurengasen mit ICON-ART
Creators: name: Reimus, Tim
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023

description: Die Verbesserung Atmosphärischer Chemie-Klima-Transportmodelle hat, neben dem Erlangen von neuen Erkenntnissen, in den Atmosphärenwissenschaften eine hohe Priorität. Insbesondere die Atmosphäre und dazugehörigen Interaktionen im Klimassystem können durch eine erhöhte Modellgenauigkeit und damit verbundenen reduzierten Fehlern, besser verstanden werden. Großes Potential besteht beispielsweise in der Simulation des kurzlebigen Hydroxylradikals (OH). Es stellt eines der wichtigsten Oxidanten der Atmosphäre dar, weshalb einer möglichst recheneffizienten, aber dennoch genauen Modellierung dieses Spurengases eine großen Wichtigkeit zukommt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden zwei Simulationen mit dem Modellsystem ICON-ART (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model - Aerosol Reactive Trace gases module) durchgeführt. Hierbei stehen inzwischen zwei Möglichkeiten der Modellierung von Spurengasen zur Verfügung: Zum einen eine Methode unter Verwendung einer parametrisierten Chemie und zum anderen eine Miteinberechnung aller relevanten Reaktionen eines beliebigen Reaktionsmechanismuses mit Hilfe der zugrundeliegenden Differentialgleichungen. Um diese Ansätze systematisch vergleichen zu können, wurden zwei korrespondierenden globalen Simulationen erzeugt. Die benötigten Rechenleistungen unterscheiden sich hierbei um 15 %. Zu einem Vergleich der Ergebnisse wurden publizierte Messdaten mit einbezogen. Dabei wird unter anderem deutlich, dass letztgenannte Methode zwar genauer ist, aber unter Analyse der Rechenzeiten, eine Simulation auch mehr Zeit benötigt. Mögliche Ursachen der unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf das numerische Lösungsverfahren der beiden Ansätze. Dabei wird ersichtlich, dass vor allem aufgrund der hohen Rechenintensivität eine operationelle Modellierung nach diesem Schema so nicht dauerhaft durchführbar ist. Daher werden die Vorteile zweier weiteren Simulationsansätze beleuchtet, die vielversprechende Anzeichen in Bezug auf Simulationszeiten haben. Zum einen zeigen Machine Learning Methoden nach Anderson et al. (2022) großes Potential, mit Hilfe eines Trainingsdatensatzes für individuelle Probleme noch effizientere Parametrisierungen zu erstellen. Zum anderen, wird auf die noch in der Entwicklung befindliche Methode der sonnenzenitwinkelabhängigen OH-Modellierung nach Vorbild von Minschwaner et al. (2011) eingegangen, die dies schon für die mittlere Atmosphäre durchgeführt hat. Das Ziel besteht nun darin, OH auch in der Troposphäre lediglich anhand von einer Formel in Abhängigkeit zum Sonnenzenitwinkel berechnen zu können, was zum einen eine deutliche Vereinfachung der tatsächlichen Bedingungen darstellt, zum anderen aber die Geschwindigkeit der OH-Berechnung deutlich erhöhen kann. Die der Formel zugrundeliegenden und untersuchten Fit Parameter zeigen eine Höhen-, Breiten- und Zeitabhängigkeit, die es gilt, in der OH-Modellierung anhand dieser Methode zu berücksichtigen.
NIBLES - an HI census of stellar mass selected SDSS galaxies: I. The Nançay HI survey
Creators: name: van Driel, W.
name: Butcher, Z.
name: Schneider, S.
name: Lehnert, M. D.
name: Minchin, R.
name: Blyth, S-L.
name: Chemin, L.
name: Hallet, N.
name: Joseph, T.
name: Kotze, P.
name: Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.
name: Olofsson, A. O. H.
name: Ramatsoku, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate galaxy properties as a function of their total stellar mass, we obtained 21cm HI line observations at the 100-m class Nançay Radio Telescope of 2839 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in the Local Volume (900
description: 71 pages, 14 figures
Fast Single Photon Detectors and real-time Key Distillation: Enabling High Secret Key Rate QKD Systems
Creators: name: Grünenfelder, Fadri
name: Boaron, Alberto
name: Perrenoud, Matthieu
name: Resta, Giovanni V.
name: Rusca, Davide
name: Barreiro, Claudio
name: Houlmann, Raphaël
name: Sax, Rebecka
name: Stasi, Lorenzo
name: El-Khoury, Sylvain
name: Hänggi, Esther
name: Bosshard, Nico
name: Bussières, Félix
name: Zbinden, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Key Distribution has made continuous progress over the last 20 years and is now commercially available. However, the secret key rates (SKR) are still limited to a few Mbps. Here, we present a custom multipixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and fast acquisition and real-time key distillation electronics, removing two roadblocks and allowing an increase of the SKR of more than an order of magnitude. In combination with a simple 2.5 GHz clocked time-bin quantum key distribution system, we can generate secret keys at a rate of 64 Mbps over a distance of 10.0 km and at a rate of 3.0 Mbps over a distance of 102.4 km with real-time key distillation.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Nature Photonics
Joint Resource Bidding and Tipping Strategies in Multi-hop Cognitive Networks
Creators: name: Lorenzo, Beatriz
name: Kovacevic, Ivana
name: Peleteiro, Ana
name: Gonzalez-Castano, Francisco J.
name: Burguillo, Juan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In multi-hop secondary networks, bidding strategies for spectrum auction, route selection and relaying incentives should be jointly considered to establish multi-hop communication. In this paper, a framework for joint resource bidding and tipping is developed where users iteratively revise their strategies, which include bidding and incentivizing relays, to achieve their Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. A bidding language is designed to generalize secondary users' heterogeneous demands for multiple resources and willingness to pay. Then, group partitioning-based auction mechanisms are presented to exploit the heterogeneity of SU demands in multi-hop secondary networks. These mechanisms include primary operator (PO) strategies based on static and dynamic partition schemes combined with new payment mechanisms to obtain high revenue and fairly allocate the resources. The proposed auction schemes stimulate the participation of SUs and provide high revenue for the PO while maximizing the social welfare. Besides, they satisfy the properties of truthfulness, individual rationality and computational tractability. Simulation results have shown that for highly demanding users the static group scheme achieves 150% more winners and 3 times higher revenue for the PO compared to a scheme without grouping. For lowly demanding users, the PO may keep similar revenue with the dynamic scheme by lowering 50% the price per channel as the number of winners will increase proportionally.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking
title: (Dis)honesty and the Value of Transparency for Campaign Promises
Creators: name: Lang, Matthias
name: Schudy, Simeon
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: Promise competition is prevalent in many economic environments, but promise keeping is often difficult to observe. We study the value of transparency for promise competition and ask whether promises still offer an opportunity to honor future obligations when outcomes do not allow for observing promise keeping. Focusing on campaign promises, we show theoretically how preferences for truth-telling shape promise competition when promise keeping can(not) be observed and identify the causal effects of transparency in an incentivized experiment. Transparency leads to less promise breaking but also to less generous promises. Rent appropriations are higher in opaque institutions though only weakly so when not fully opaque. Instrumental reputational concerns and preferences for truth-telling explain these results.
Prediction of anomalous $Υ(5S)\toΥ(1^3D_J)η$ transitions
Creators: name: Wang, Bo
name: Chen, Dian-Yong
name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the hadronic loop contribution to the $Υ(5S)\to Υ(1^3D_J)η$ ($J=1,2,3$) transitions. We predict that the branching ratios of $Υ(5S)\to Υ(1^3D_1)η$, $Υ(5S)\to Υ(1^3D_2)η$ and $Υ(5S)\to Υ(1^3D_3)η$ can reach up to $(0.5\sim5.1)\times10^{-3}$, $(0.7\sim7.5)\times10^{-3}$ and $(0.9\sim9.6)\times10^{-4}$, respectively. Since these predicted hadronic transitions of $Υ(5S)$ are comparable with these observed $Υ(5S)\to Υ(nS)π^+π^-$ $(n=1,2,3)$, we suggest future experiment like Belle and BelleII to carry out the search for these anomalous $Υ(5S)\to Υ(1^3D_J)η$ transitions.
description: 8 pages, 2 tables and 4 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Freedom near Lightcone and ANEC Saturation
Creators: name: Huang, Kuo-Wei
name: Karlsson, Robin
name: Parnachev, Andrei
name: Valach, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Averaged Null Energy Conditions (ANECs) hold in unitary quantum field theories. In conformal field theories, ANECs in states created by the application of the stress tensor to the vacuum lead to three constraints on the stress-tensor three-point couplings, depending on the choice of polarization. The same constraints follow from considering two-point functions of the stress tensor in a thermal state and focusing on the contribution of the stress tensor in the operator product expansion (OPE). One can observe this in holographic Gauss-Bonnet gravity, where ANEC saturation coincides with the appearance of superluminal signal propagation in thermal states. We show that, when this happens, the corresponding generalizations of ANECs for higher-spin multi-stress tensor operators with minimal twist are saturated as well and all contributions from such operators to the thermal two-point functions vanish in the lightcone limit. This leads to a special near-lightcone behavior of the thermal stress-tensor correlators -- they take the vacuum form, independent of temperature.
description: 38 pages. v3: Minor changes, references added
Solid-like rheological response of non-entangled polymers in the molten state
Creators: name: Mendil, H
name: Baroni, P
name: Noirez, Laurence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that non-entangled polymers display an elastic-like behaviour at a macroscopic scale (probed at some 0.100 mm thickness) up to at least hundred degrees above the glass transition temperature. This observation, found under non-slippage conditions, both for side-chain liquid crystalline polymers and ordinary polymers, is in contradiction with the typically found flow behaviour of polymer melt. Our measurements were carried out with a conventional rheometer at thicknesses of several tenths millimetres. Thus, we were probing bulk properties. The observed elasticity supposedly implies that even in the melt the chains experience a cohesive effect of macroscopic distances, involving collective motions over time scales longer than the individual relaxation time of an individual polymer chain. The detection of such a solid-like property of molten non-entangled polymers is of considerable importance for a better understanding of the polymer dynamics.
COI barcoding provides reliable species identification and pinpoints cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic amphibians
Creators: name: Velo-Antón, Guillermo
name: Anne Chambers, E.
name: A. Poyarkov Jr., Nikolay
name: Canestrelli, Daniele
name: Bisconti, Roberta
name: Naumov, Borislav
name: José Fernández Benéitez, María
name: Borisenko, Alex
name: Martínez-Solano, Iñigo
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Assembling DNA barcode reference libraries for various taxonomic groups allows researchers to use metabarcoding or environmental DNA approaches to gain a rapid understanding of diversity in given environments. However, our ability to use reference libraries depends on how accurately DNA barcodes are able to recover taxonomic boundaries and identify species, which is rarely considered. We constructed an extensive COI barcoding library for amphibians of the Western Palearctic and successfully recovered barcodes from 60 urodele and 73 anuran species (representing 94% and 98% of the nominal anuran and urodele species in the Western Palearctic, respectively), covering the intraspecific diversity of the majority of species in this region. We tested the effectiveness of our assembled DNA barcode dataset for species identification using barcoding gap, efficiency analyses, and two phylogenetic species delimitation methods. We obtained DNA barcodes for 1,251 specimens (691 anurans and 560 urodeles) with a high success rate (92-96%) of species identification. The absence of a barcoding gap in a number of samples was linked to species misidentifications, which suggest incipient speciation or cryptic diversity, or previously described mitochondrial introgression events. The phylogenetic species delimitation methods resulted in substantial oversplitting of currently accepted taxonomy. This COI barcoding library provides an almost complete and reliable reference library for Western Palearctic amphibians. We highlight the importance of generating comprehensive and well curated reference libraries that include intra- and interspecific genetic variability and the need of detailed taxonomic revision when ambiguous or incorrect DNA barcodes exist.
Bayesian analysis of neutron-star properties with parameterized equations of state: the role of the likelihood functions
Creators: name: Jiang, Jin-Liang
name: Ecker, Christian
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the systematic differences introduced when performing a Bayesian-inference analysis of the equation of state of neutron stars employing either variable- or constant-likelihood functions. The former have the advantage that it retains the full information on the distributions of the measurements, making an exhaustive usage of the data. The latter, on the other hand, have the advantage of a much simpler implementation and reduced computational costs. In both approaches, the EOSs have identical priors and have been built using the sound-speed parameterization method so as to satisfy the constraints from X-ray and gravitational-waves observations, as well as those from Chiral Effective Theory and perturbative QCD. In all cases, the two approaches lead to very similar results and the $90\%$-confidence levels are essentially overlapping. Some differences do appear, but in regions where the probability density is extremely small and are mostly due to the sharp cutoff set on the binary tidal deformability $\tilde Λ\leq 720$ employed in the constant-likelihood analysis. Our analysis has also produced two additional results. First, a clear inverse correlation between the normalized central number density of a maximally massive star, $n_{\rm c, TOV}/n_s$, and the radius of a maximally massive star, $R_{\rm TOV}$. Second, and most importantly, it has confirmed the relation between the chirp mass $\mathcal{M}_{\rm chirp}$ and the binary tidal deformability $\tildeΛ$. The importance of this result is that it relates a quantity that is measured very accurately, $\mathcal{M}_{\rm chirp}$, with a quantity that contains important information on the micro-physics, $\tildeΛ$. Hence, once $\mathcal{M}_{\rm chirp}$ is measured in future detections, our relation has the potential of setting tight constraints on $\tildeΛ$.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
title: Buckling strength of imperfect ring-stiffened cylinders under combined loads
Creators: name: Khaw, Teik Seng
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Ocean engineering, mechanical engineering, petroleum engineering.

description: Two computer programs, one for interframe collapse and the other for overall collapse as influenced by initial imperfections, have been developed and the results compared with experiments and with present design codes. A treatment is presented for the buckling strength analysis of ring stiffened cylinders under external hydrostatic pressure and axial compression. The energy method by Ritz approach is used because of its adaptability to the solution of complicated buckling forms. Equations accounting for non-uniform and uniform lateral pre-buckling displacements are presented in this thesis. The effect of uniform and non-uniform lateral pre-buckling displacements on collapse pressure under uniform external pressure is shown by means of numerical examples. Such effect does not yet appear to have been carried out. Comparison with classical Von Mises equation for elastic buckling under uniform external pressure is good for the case of uniform lateral pre-buckling displacement. Factors such as initial shape imperfections due to fabrication, welding and cold-bending residual stresses of the shell are considered. The technique used to model such imperfections is solely the author's original contribution. An approximate method using the secant modulus is introduced to account for inelastic behaviour. These factors are considered to be the most important adverse features which distinguish offshore structural response from that of aerospace structures. The effect of strain reversal is assumed to be small and negligible. Ideal elastic perfectly plastic behaviour (with no strain hardening) is assumed for the material. Quantitative imperfection studies defining the sensitivity of inter-frame shell buckling to the form and amplitude of initial distortion and residual stresses have been carried out. Such studies do not yet appear to have been carried out. The effects of initial geometrical shape imperfections are shown to be most serious with axial compressive load. This is followed by external pressure and the less sensitive radial (lateral) pressure loading. A study of the effects of welding residual stresses on interframe collapse pressure under uniform external pressure confirms that the compressive welding residual stresses of the shell is detrimental to buckling strength of cylindrical shells. The cold-bending residual stresses in the shell have negligible effect on the collapse pressures of the shell. Comparisons are made with the BS5500 design code and the DnV Rules for interframe collapse. For overall collapse comparison with BS5500 design code is included. Results obtained by the present theory are also compared with results obtained by finite difference dynamic relaxation and finite element methods. Comparisons with experimental data for both interframe and overall collapse behaviour under uniform external pressure demonstrate good agreement with the theory.
Revisiting the Brans solutions of scalar-tensor gravity
Creators: name: Faraoni, V.
name: Hammad, F.
name: Belknap-Keet, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by statements in the literature which contradict two general theorems, the static and spherically symmetric Brans solutions of scalar-tensor gravity are analyzed explicitly in both the Jordan and the Einstein conformal frames. Depending on the parameter range, these solutions describe wormholes or naked singularities but not black holes.
description: 14 pages, comments welcome
Frequency doubled telecom fiber laser for a cold atom interferometer using optical lattices
Creators: name: Theron, Fabien
name: Bidel, Yannick
name: Dieu, Emily
name: Zahzam, Nassim
name: Cadoret, Malo
name: Zahzam, Nassim
name: Bresson, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A compact and robust laser system, based on a frequency-doubled telecom laser, providing all the lasers needed for a rubidium cold atom interferometer using optical lattices is presented. Thanks to an optical switch at 1.5 μm and a dual-wavelength second harmonic generation system, only one laser amplifier is needed for all the laser system. Our system delivers at 780 nm a power of 900 mW with a detuning of 110 GHz for the optical lattice and a power of 650 mW with an adjustable detuning between 0 and -1 GHz for the laser cooling, the detection and the Raman transitions.
Topological protection of photonic mid-gap cavity modes
Creators: name: Noh, Jiho
name: Benalcazar, Wladimir A.
name: Huang, Sheng
name: Collins, Matthew J.
name: Chen, Kevin
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
name: Rechtsman, Mikael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defect modes in two-dimensional periodic photonic structures have found use in a highly diverse set of optical devices. For example, photonic crystal cavities confine optical modes to subwavelength volumes and can be used for Purcell enhancement of nonlinearity, lasing, and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Photonic crystal fiber defect cores allow for supercontinuum generation and endlessly-single-mode fibers with large cores. However, these modes are notoriously fragile: small changes in the structure can lead to significant detuning of resonance frequency and mode volume. Here, we show that a photonic topological crystalline insulator structure can be used to topologically protect the resonance frequency to be in the middle of the band gap, and therefore minimize the mode volume of a two-dimensional photonic defect mode. We experimentally demonstrate this in a femtosecond-laser-written waveguide array, a geometry akin to a photonic crystal fiber. The topological defect modes are determined by a topological invariant that protects zero-dimensional states (defect modes) embedded in a two-dimensional environment; a novel form of topological protection that has not been previously demonstrated.
description: Animations not available in this version
Investigating calving dynamics through the development of a new 3D full-Stokes calving model and its application at Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland
Creators: name: Wheel, Iain
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Glaciology
subject: Calving
subject: Climate change
subject: Modelling
subject: GB2596.5W5
subject: Ice calving--Mathematical models
subject: Glaciology
subject: Glaciers--Greenland--Ilulissat
subject: Climatic changes--Greenland--Ilulissat
subject: Ilulissat (Greenland)

description: A new calving algorithm was developed in the finite element model Elmer/Ice that allows unrestricted calving and terminus advance in 3D. The algorithm used the meshing software Mmg to implement anisotropic remeshing and allow for adaptive meshing at each timestep. The development of the algorithm along with the implementation of the crevasse depth calving law produced a new full-Stokes calving model in Elmer/Ice that is laid out in detail in Chapter 4. The new model is shown to be robust and capable of simulating calving across an array of complex geometries. Using a synthetic geometry, the model is applied in Chapter 5 to test a comprehensive list of variables that affect calving dynamics. The simulations show that calving dynamics are predominately altered by fjord or bed geometry, but other factors such as lateral friction or temperature can also alter the simulated calving. Other non-physical model parameters such as mesh resolution or timestep are also shown to have a large impact on modelled calving. Finally, in Chapter 6, the calving model is applied at Jakobshavn Isbrae (Sermeq Kujalleq), Greenland’s largest glacier. This is the first time that the calving dynamics at Jakobshavn Isbrae have been modelled in 3D. This has been a challenge previously due to the large outlet glacier’s dynamic nature. The model is shown to be robust and capable of simulating the calving, but the prediction of calving is underestimated. The crevasse penetration requirement of the crevasse depth calving law needed to be optimised in order for simulations to match observations of advance and retreat, with the optimal crevasse penetration requirement being 94.5\%. Ice-melange back stress was key to winter readvancement and essential for the model to match observations. However, the ultimate position of the terminus was determined by the geometry at the glacier bed. Importantly, this showed a large step forward in modelling capabilities, where unrestricted 3D calving was modelled at a large dynamic tidewater glacier in a continuum. This work is vital to improving our understanding of calving dynamics at tidewater glaciers and therefore enabling calving to be better constrained in future climate projections.
The surprising influence of late charged current weak interactions on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Grohs, E.
name: Fuller, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The weak interaction charged current processes ($ν_e+n\leftrightarrow p+e^-$, $\barν_e +p\leftrightarrow n+e^+$, $n\leftrightarrow p+e^-+\barν_e$) interconvert neutrons and protons in the early universe and have significant influence on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) light-element abundance yields, particulary that for $^{4}{\rm He}$. We demonstrate that the influence of these processes is still significant even when they operate well below temperatures $T\sim0.7\,{\rm MeV}$ usually invoked for "weak freeze-out," and in fact down nearly into the alpha-particle formation epoch ($T \approx 0.1\,{\rm MeV}$). This physics is correctly captured in commonly used BBN codes, though this late-time, low-temperature persistent effect of the isospin-changing weak processes, and the sensitivity of the associated rates to lepton energy distribution functions and blocking factors are not widely appreciated. We quantify this late-time influence by analyzing weak interaction rate dependence on the neutron lifetime, lepton energy distribution functions, entropy, the proton-neutron mass difference, and Hubble expansion rate. The effects we point out here render BBN a keen probe of any beyond-standard-model physics that alters lepton number/energy distributions, even subtly, in epochs of the early universe all the way down to near $T=100\,{\rm keV}$.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
Light propagation in (2+1)-dimensional electrodynamics: the case of nonlinear constitutive laws
Creators: name: Bittencourt, Eduardo
name: Brandão, Elliton O. S.
name: Goulart, Érico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We scrutinize the geometrical properties of light propagation inside a nonlinear medium modeled by a fully covariant electromagnetic theory in $2+1$-dimensions. After setting the nonlinear constitutive relations, the phase velocity and the polarization of waves are derived and three special cases are analyzed in details. In spite of the dimensional reduction, our model still presents phenomena like one-way propagation, controlled opacity among others for a large class of dielectric and magneto-electric parameters.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures