cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thin (< 1 μm) a-Si/μc-Si Tandem Solar Cells for High Stable Efficiencies
Creators: name: Schicho, S.
name: Muthmann, S.
name: Gordijn, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2403-2407
description: Thin tandem cells based on amorphous and microcrystalline cells were prepared in a 30×30 cm²
PECVD reactor. The absorber layers of top and bottom cells were significantly thinner compared to standard cells
resulting in a total thickness ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 μm. For these cells initial conversation efficiencies of 8.6 to
10.7% could be achieved. Quantum efficiency measurements showed that with lower bottom cell thickness the top
cell current density increases due to back reflection. The resulting balance between efficiencies and production costs
show the high potential of thin tandem cells for cost-effective photovoltaics.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Silicon Nanowire Solar Cells
Creators: name: Uchiyama, H.
name: Nemoto, Y.
name: Dhamrin, M.
name: Kamisako, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 700-702
description: Silicon nanowire (SiNW) solar cells with screen-printed contacts were fabricated and investigated. The effects
of SiNWs growing conditions on surface morphology and surface reflectance were examined. By changing SiH4 flow rate,
surface morphology was controlled. As SiH4 folw rate became higher, the wire length and the wire diameter became larger.
Low surface reflection is realized with a SiH4 flow rate of 10 sccm. In 3 min growth duration, the length and the diameter of
SiNWs were 300 nm and 40 nm, respectively. Surface reflectance of the substrate was decreased to 1 % and the solar cells
were fabricated at this optimal condition and the conversion efficiency of around 9.65 % was realized.
Fragmentation functions of the pion, kaon, and proton in the NLO approximation: Laplace transform approach
Creators: name: Zarei, M.
name: Taghavi-Shahri, F.
name: Tehrani, S. Atashbar
name: Sarbishei, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using repeated Laplace transform, We find an analytical solution for DGLAP evolution equations for extracting the pion, kaon and proton Fragmentation Functions (FFs) at NLO approximation. We also study the symmetry breaking of the sea quarks Fragmentation Functions, $D_{\bar q}^h (z,Q^2)$ and simply separated them according to their mass ratio. Finally, we calculate the total Fragmentation Functions of these hadrons and compare them with experimental data and those from global fits. Our results show a good agreement with the FFs obtained from global parameterizations as well as with the experimental data.
description: 16 Pages, 4 Figures, 1 Table
RE-EMPOWERED project
Creators: name: Hatziargyriou, Nikos
name: Chakraborty, Chandan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Re-Empowered
EU - India
microgrids
energy islands
renewable energy
Bornholm
Kythnos
Keonjar
Ghoramara

description: Overview of RE-EMPOWERED project presented at India Smart Utility Week 2021 conference.
description: The project is financially supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India through the RE-EMPOWERED Project under Grant Agreement No 101018420 and DST/TMD/INDIA/EU/ILES/2020/50(c) respectively.
Animal fluency drivers of performance (Rofes et al., 2023)
Creators: name: Rofes, Adrià
name: Beran, Magdalena
name: Jonkers, Roel
name: Geerlings, Mirjam I.
name: Vonk, Jet M. J.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Natural language processing
Psycholinguistics (incl. speech production and comprehension)

description: Purpose: In this study, we aim to understand whether and how performance in animal fluency (i.e., total correct word count) relates to linguistic levels and/or executive functions by looking at sequence information and item-level metrics (i.e., clusters, switches, and word properties). Method: Seven hundred thirty-one Dutch-speaking individuals without dementia from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance study responded to an animal fluency task (120 s). We obtained cluster size and number of switches for the task, and eight different word properties for each correct word produced. We detected variables that determine total word count with random forests, and used conditional inference trees to assess points along the scales of such variables, at which total word count changes significantly. Results: Number of switches, average cluster size, lexical decision response times, word frequency, and concreteness determined total correct word count in animal fluency. People who produced more correct words produced more switches and bigger clusters. People who produced fewer words produced fewer switches and more frequent words. Conclusions: Concurrent with existing literature, individuals without dementia rely on language and executive functioning to produce words in animal fluency. The novelty of our work is that such results were shown based on a data-driven approach using sequence information and item-level metrics. Supplemental Material S1. Supplemental analyses. Rofes, A., Beran, M., Jonkers, R., Geerlings, M. I., & Vonk, J. M. J. (2023). What drives task performance in animal fluency in individuals without dementia? The SMART-MR study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00445
Extremal RN/CFT in Both Hands Revisited
Creators: name: Kuo, En-Jui
name: Yang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study RN/CFT correspondence for four dimensional extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. We uplift the 4d RN black hole to a 5d rotating black hole and make a geometric regularization of the 5d space-time. Both hands central charges are obtained correctly at the same time by Brown-Henneaux technique.
description: 10 pages, no figure
Plasmonic Nanocomposite Layers on Glass and Silicon
Creators: name: Pedrueza Villalmanzo, E.
name: Valdés, J.L.
name: Abargues, R.
name: Chirvony, V.
name: Martínez-Pastor, J.P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 703-706
description: A novel method to fabricate in situ Au nanoparticles in solid matrix thin films of TiO2 and SiO2
and their absorption and reflectance properties are described. This method is based in a sol-gel process combined
with a spin-coating procedure. The thin films are deposited on glass or Si (100) plates in order to measure the
absorption and reflectance spectra. Besides, the spectra have been successfully simulated using Fresnel formalism
in assumption of homogeneous nanocomposite layer described by the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium
approximation. In the simulation, the intra- and interband contributions to the dielectric function of the Au
nanoparticles have been taken into account. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), and optical spectroscopy are used to characterize the films structural and optical properties.
Simple Laser-Ablation Based Method to Produce Suspensions  of Luminescent Silicon Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Applications
Creators: name: Garcia-Calzada, R.
name: Abderrafi, K.
name: Suárez, I.
name: Abargues, R.
name: Sánchez-Royo, J.F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 707-709
description: The method of nanosecond laser ablation (ns LA) in organic liquids is developed to produce small-size (a
few nm) Si nanoparticles which exhibit photoluminescence (PL) in the visible-near IR region. The method consists in LA
followed by post-treatment consisting in ultrasound treatment in presence of HF resulting in disintegration of initially big
polycrystalline Si nanoparticles to small monocrystalline Si quantum dots. The presence of carbon on the surface is also
detected by XPS method.
Reply to Comment on "Anomalous Discontinuity at the Percolation Critical Point of Active Gels"
Creators: name: Sheinman, M.
name: Sharma, A.
name: MacKintosh, F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this reply we discuss definition and estimation of the Fisher exponent in the no-enclaves percolation (NEP) model.
Structural and Optical Properties of Strained Silicon Nanocrystals in Si/SiO2 Superlattices for Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Zuo, Y.H.
name: Tao, Y.L.
name: Zheng, J.
name: Cao, Q.
name: Ma, Z.H.
name: Wang, W.
name: Xue, C.L.
name: Zhang, G.Z.
name: Cheng, B.W.
name: Wang, Q.M.
name: Xu, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 710-713
description: Silicon quantum dot superlattice is a promising material for all-silicon tandem cells. 10 periods of
amorphous-Si(3nm)/ amorphous-SiO2(3nm) layers are deposited by high vacuum RF magnetron sputtering on quartz
and sapphire substrate at different temperatures. The samples are then post-annealed in N2 atmosphere at 1100°C for
1 hour for Si crystallization. At high growth temperature, the Raman frequency of Si nanocrystal (NC) peak up-shift
to around 522 cm-1 reveals strong compressive stress existing in the samples grown on sapphire substrates, while the
obvious confliction between the estimated Si NC size from Raman shift by bond polarization model and HRTEM
indicates tensile stress existing in the counterparts grown on quartz substrates. The strain is attributed to the thermal
expansion coefficient between substrate and Si/SiO2 SL film. While such substrate-induced strain has little effect on
the optical bandgap of Si NC and its crystallinity, it can obviously reduce the photoluminescent intensity of Si NC
and increase the absorption in 280-650nm region, which indicates less recombination centers and wider size
distribution of Si NC with smaller ones. The strain may be used to tune the carrier mobility of Si nanocrystals,
important to carrier transport in Si quantum dot solar cell.
Photovoltaic Grade Microcrystalline Silicon Deposited on Plastic Substrate by Hot Wire CVD
Creators: name: Frigeri, P.A.
name: Nos, O.
name: Bengoechea, S.
name: Frevert, C.
name: Stella, M.
name: Antony, A.
name: Asensi, J.M.
name: Bertomeu, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2408-2410
description: Thin film silicon deposition technologies provide the possibility of reducing PV module costs due to
the lower silicon consumption and the possibility of using plastic substrates for roll-to-roll manufacturing. Two
technological requirements to realize this cost cutting are: high deposition rate and low deposition temperature.
HWCVD technique is able to produce high quality microcrystalline (μc-Si:H) material by using a cost effective
technology, which should be easy to scale up at the industrial levels.
We report our results concerning microcrystalline silicon thin films deposited by HWCVD on polyethylene
naphtalate (PEN) substrate. In particular, we have developed a HWCVD reactor able to deposit device quality
microcrystalline material at low substrate temperature, during several hours and with a relatively high deposition rate.
The depositions were carried out without any intentional substrate heating and the low substrate temperature was
obtained just using small diameter catalytic filaments which were protected by a cavity system.
Conducted EMI Consideration in Grid-Connected PV System Interface
Creators: name: Hamza, D.
name: Jain, P.K.
name: Driesse, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4522-4524
description: In-situ conducted emissions measurement of the PV system connected to the grid, at different points within the
system, has revealed the existence of an excessive EMI noise, originating from the building power utility and propagating
toward the DC side of the inverter resulting in off building electromagnetic pollution. This paper investigates the effect of
the impedance variation on the performance of the AC side EMI filter. It focuses on the conducted electromagnetic
interference emissions generated in a building grid-tied PV power system. It emphasizes on the inverter AC side,
including the building power grid, as being the interference source and the PV side as the victim circuit, having the
inverter as the coupling path. The applicable standards of the grid-tied PV system as being a fixed installation are
discussed. The conducted emissions waveforms are presented and the results are discussed.
Investigation of the Back Side Passivation Layer of Screen Printed Bifacial Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Gloger, S.
name: Riegel, S.
name: Raabe, B.
name: Hahn, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1544-1547
description: This work compares the back side passivation quality of bifacial silicon (Si) solar cells with boron
back-surface-field (B-BSF) of different sheet resistances. The influence of the thickness of an additional dry thermal
silicon dioxide (SiO2) to passivate the surface of the B-BSF is also investigated. The passivation quality is compared
in two experiments: First Si lifetime samples with boron (B) emitter are passivated and their emitter saturation
current densities (J0E) are determined with quasi-steady-state photoconductance (QSSPC) measurements after every
process step. Secondly large area bifacial solar cells with different base doping are processed. The cell parameters are
determined by illuminated current-voltage (IV) characteristics and the effective minority charge carrier diffusion
lengths (Leff) are calculated with a model [1] using the internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) from spectral response
measurements. The optimum B-BSF sheet resistance for the bifacial cell concept used is found to be 60 Ohm/sq. The
optimum value of the thickness of the SiO2 layer for additional surface passivation is found to be in the range of 19-
30 nm dependent on the base doping.
Safety Studies of DC Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupters for Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Kai-Hsiang Yen, K.-H.
name: Thomas, H.
name: Dini, D.A.
name: Brazis, P.W.
name: Courtney, P.G.
name: Shih, H.-W.
name: Wang, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV System Engineering and Standards, Socio-economic Aspects, and Sustainability

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4541-4544
description: Most PV systems on the market today generate DC power at a high DC voltage for reasons of system
efficiency and cost reduction. Inverter manufacturers can provide products for PV system voltages up to 1,500VDC.
As a consequence, the DC arc faults caused by these higher voltage PV systems significantly increase the safety
concerns. Therefore, some researchers and engineers have recognized this issue and started to develop DC arc
detection or a PV arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) [1, 2]. This paper will address the feasibility of DC arc fault
protection in PV systems, and the development of safety standards for PV AFCI used in building codes for better
protection on PV wiring systems.
D4.8: Cyber-physical systems protection training schemes
Creators: name: Jaatun, Martin Gilje
name: Vennesland, Audun
name: Ugarelli, Rita
name: Bosco, Camillo
name: Bour, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This deliverable presents material for a training scheme on cyber-physical security for water network operators. It also reports on efforts on interoperability between DWC solutions and legacy systems, as well as documenting dissemination work on cyber-physical security training.
Effect of PECVD Silicon Oxynitride Stoichiometry on the Surface Passivation of Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Hallam, B.
name: Tjahjono, B.
name: Wenham, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1548-1551
description: This work presents a quantitative analysis on the relationship between the composition of PECVD
silicon oxynitride and surface passivation on FZ and CZ grown silicon wafers with planar, textured and borondiffused
surfaces using FTIR spectroscopy. Implied open circuit voltages of 738 mV and 1-sun effective minority
carrier lifetimes of 1.6 ms on n-type surfaces are shown by as-deposited SiON. Improvements in the implied open
circuit voltage on planar surfaces of up to 80 mV upon thermal annealing are presented for films with Si-H peak
wavenumbers > 2200 cm-1 and are attributed to increasing oxygen incorporation. Films suitable for antireflection
coatings with a refractive index of 2 show effective minority carrier lifetimes of more than 1.7 ms and 970 μs on ntype
and p-type surfaces respectively. On textured surfaces, films with a [N-H] of 2 – 6 x 1022 cm-3 show the greatest
improvement in surface passivation upon thermal annealing and effective minority carrier lifetimes of more than 1 ms
are presented on n-type surfaces. SiON provides excellent surface passivation of moderately doped boron emitters
(100 Ω/sq.) with implied open circuit voltages > 670 mV and dark saturation current densities < 10 fAcm-2 per side.
Rota-Baxter coalgebras and Rota-Baxter bialgebras
Creators: name: Ma, Tianshui
name: Liu, Linlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a construction of Rota-Baxter coalgebras from Hopf module coalgebras and also derive the structures of the pre-Lie coalgebras via Rota-Baxter coalgebras of different weight. Finally, the notion of Rota-Baxter bialgebra is introduced and some examples are provided.
Mesh Adaptation on the Sphere using Optimal Transport and the Numerical Solution of a Monge-Ampère type Equation
Creators: name: Weller, Hilary
name: Browne, Philip
name: Budd, Chris
name: Cullen, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An equation of Monge-Ampère type has, for the first time, been solved numerically on the surface of the sphere in order to generate optimally transported (OT) meshes, equidistributed with respect to a monitor function. Optimal transport generates meshes that keep the same connectivity as the original mesh, making them suitable for r-adaptive simulations, in which the equations of motion can be solved in a moving frame of reference in order to avoid mapping the solution between old and new meshes and to avoid load balancing problems on parallel computers. The semi-implicit solution of the Monge-Ampère type equation involves a new linearisation of the Hessian term, and exponential maps are used to map from old to new meshes on the sphere. The determinant of the Hessian is evaluated as the change in volume between old and new mesh cells, rather than using numerical approximations to the gradients. OT meshes are generated to compare with centroidal Voronoi tesselations on the sphere and are found to have advantages and disadvantages; OT equidistribution is more accurate, the number of iterations to convergence is independent of the mesh size, face skewness is reduced and the connectivity does not change. However anisotropy is higher and the OT meshes are non-orthogonal. It is shown that optimal transport on the sphere leads to meshes that do not tangle. However, tangling can be introduced by numerical errors in calculating the gradient of the mesh potential. Methods for alleviating this problem are explored. Finally, OT meshes are generated using observed precipitation as a monitor function, in order to demonstrate the potential power of the technique.
A possible imprint of quasi-periodic oscillations in the X-ray spectra of black hole binaries
Creators: name: Varniere, P.
name: Mignon-Risse, R.
name: Rodriguez, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While nobody would deny the presence of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the power density spectrum of Black hole binaries nor their importance in the understanding of the mechanisms powering the X-ray emissions, the possible impact on the time-averaged disk energy spectrum from the phenomenon responsible for the Quasi-Periodic Oscillations is largely ignored in models of sources emission. Here we investigate the potential impact of such structure on the resultant energy spectrum. Using data from the well documented outbursts of XTE J$1550$-$564$ we looked at possible hints that the presence of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations actually impacts the energy spectrum emitted by the source. In particular we look at the evolution of the relation between the inner disc radius and the inner disc temperature obtained from fits to the spectral data. We then test this further by developing a simple model in order to simulate spectra of a disk with a structure mimicking an increasing in strength Quasi-Periodic Oscillation and compare the simulated results to those obtained from real data. We detect a similar departure in the inner radius - inner temperature curve coming from the standard fit of our simulated observations as is seen in XTE J$1550$-$564$ data. We interpret our results as evidence that the structure at the origin of the Quasi-Periodic Oscillation impact the energy spectrum. Furthermore, in states with a significant disk emission the inaccuracy of the determination of the disk parameters increases with the strength of the Quasi-Periodic Oscillation, an increase which then renders the value given by the fit unreliable for strong Quasi-Periodic Oscillation.
description: accepted by A&A
Coupled nonlinear stochastic differential equations generating arbitrary distributed observable with 1/f noise
Creators: name: Ruseckas, J.
name: Kazakevičius, R
name: Kaulakys, B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear stochastic differential equations provide one of the mathematical models yielding 1/f noise. However, the drawback of a single equation as a source of 1/f noise is the necessity of power-law steady-state probability density of the signal. In this paper we generalize this model and propose a system of two coupled nonlinear stochastic differential equations. The equations are derived from the scaling properties necessary for the achievement of 1/f noise. The first equation describes the changes of the signal, whereas the second equation represents a fluctuating rate of change. The proposed coupled stochastic differential equations allows us to obtain 1/f spectrum in a wide range of frequencies together with the almost arbitrary steady-state density of the signal.
Silicon Nitride as Alternative Matrix for All-Si Tandem Solar Cell
Creators: name: So, Y.H.
name: Perez-Wurfl, I.
name: Shi, L.
name: Huang, S.
name: Conibeer, G.J.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 690-692
description: This study presents optical and electrical measurements performed on Si quantum dots/Si3N4
superlattice. The formation of Si quantum dots in Si3N4 matrix have been confirmed via TEM and other
characterization methods. The optical absorption coefficient and photoluminescence curves exhibit clear blue
shift that can be correlated to the variations of Si-richness and SRN thickness, due to the quantum size effect.
The lateral conductivity of the active Si QDs superlattice material was studied via the CTLM methods.
Aποψεις εκπαιδευτικών της πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης για τη σχέση διαπολιτισμικής εκπαίδευσης και της εκπαίδευσης stem
Creators: name: Παππά, Ευγενία Στέργιου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Εκπαίδευση STEM
Διαπολιτισμική εκπαίδευση
Δεξιότητες 21ου αιώνα
Εποικοδομισμός
Ανακαλυπτική μάθηση
Πολυπολιτισμικότητα
STEM education
Intercultural education
21st-century skills
Constructivism
Inquiry-based learning
Multiculturalism

description: Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες παρατηρούνται συνεχής αλλαγές στην δομή των κοινωνιών και τις ανάγκες τους. Τα τελευταία χρόνια έχουμε πολυπολιτισμικές κοινωνίες με γρήγορες τεχνολογικές αλλαγές και πολίτες που πρέπει να ανταποκρίνονται γρήγορα στις αλλαγές αυτές. Η εκπαίδευση ως το κύριο θεμέλιο μιας κοινωνίας πρέπει να ανταποκριθεί σε αυτές τις ανάγκες. Σύμφωνα με την βιβλιογραφία, η εκπαίδευση απαντάει σε αυτή την νέα πρόκληση με την εκπαίδευση STEM. Η εκπαίδευση STEM με τη μεθοδολογία της εξοπλίζει τους μαθητές με όλες τις δεξιότητες 21ου αιώνα που πρέπει να κατέχει ένας πολίτης. Η παρούσα εργασία διερευνά τις απόψεις των εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης για την σχέση της εκπαίδευσης STEM με την διαπολιτισμική εκπαίδευση. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε μέσω συνεντεύξεων σε είκοσι εκπαιδευτικούς και τα αποτελέσματα ανέδειξαν την σημαντικότητα της εκπαίδευσης STEM στην εκπαίδευση των μαθητών με διαφορετικό πολιτισμικό υπόβαθρο. Ακόμη συλλέχτηκαν σημαντικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με την εφαρμογή μια διδασκαλίας STEM μέσα σε μία πολυπολιτισμική τάξη όπως για τις πρακτικές, για τα μέσα και τους περιορισμούς των εκπαιδευτικών.
description: In recent decades, continuous changes in the structure of societies and their needs have been observed. In recent years, we have multicultural societies with rapid technological changes and citizens who must quickly adapt to these changes. Education, as the cornerstone of a society, must respond to these needs. According to the literature, education addresses this new challenge with STEM education. STEM education, with its methodology, equips students with all the 21st-century skills that a citizen must possess. This study explores the views of primary education educators on the relationship between STEM education and intercultural education. The research was conducted through interviews with twenty educators, and the results highlighted the importance of STEM education in educating students with different cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, significant information was collected regarding the implementation of STEM teaching in a multicultural classroom, such as practices, resources, and constraints faced by educators.
Towards highly multimode optical quantum memory for quantum repeaters
Creators: name: Jobez, Pierre
name: Timoney, Nuala
name: Laplane, Cyril
name: Etesse, Jean
name: Ferrier, Alban
name: Goldner, Philippe
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Afzelius, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-distance quantum communication through optical fibers is currently limited to a few hundreds of kilometres due to fiber losses. Quantum repeaters could extend this limit to continental distances. Most approaches to quantum repeaters require highly multimode quantum memories in order to reach high communication rates. The atomic frequency comb memory scheme can in principle achieve high temporal multimode storage, without sacrificing memory efficiency. However, previous demonstrations have been hampered by the difficulty of creating high-resolution atomic combs, which reduces the efficiency for multimode storage. In this article we present a comb preparation method that allows one to increase the multimode capacity for a fixed memory bandwidth. We apply the method to a $^{151}$Eu$^{3+}$-doped Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal, in which we demonstrate storage of 100 modes for 51 $μ$s using the AFC echo scheme (a delay-line memory), and storage of 50 modes for 0.541 ms using the AFC spin-wave memory (an on-demand memory). We also briefly discuss the ultimate multimode limit imposed by the optical decoherence rate, for a fixed memory bandwidth.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Correlation of the Deposition Phase Diagram of Silicon Film and the OES Characterization in RF-Plasma Process
Creators: name: Sun, Z.
name: Liu, F.
name: Zhu, M.
name: Li, C.
name: Zhou, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2393-2395
description: Based on a combined variable defined by a ratio of rf-power Pw to deposition pressure pg, a new deposition phase diagram after a large number of experimental data was proposed to describe the phase structure of the silicon thin films as the functions of Pw/pg and hydrogen dilution ratio RH. For a certain RH, silicon crystalline fraction Xc increases with Pw/pg. A sharp phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon is distinguished at a threshold (Pw/pg)t. After another kink (Pw/pg)s, the Xc is saturated. As RH increases, the (Pw/pg)t shifts to a low value. By relating Pw/pg to the average electron temperature in the plasma, the influence of Pw/pg and RH on the phase transition of silicon films was well interpreted. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) results indicate that shapes of the emission profiles of SiH* and H depend on Pw/pg only whatever the Pw or pg is, which means that Pw/pg determines the discharge character and the radical species distribution in plasma and then the film structure.
Modelling the Effects of Doping in Quantum Dot Structures for Tandem Cells
Creators: name: Puthen-Veetil, B.
name: Patterson, R.
name: König, D.
name: Conibeer, G.J.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 697-699
description: We present a fast three dimensional model for quantitatively analyzing the effects of modulation
doping in quantum dot (QD) structures. We developed a Schrödinger-Poisson self-consistent solver using modified
Full Multi Grid (FMG) methods to achieve this. We used this model for quantitatively analyzing the effects of doping
in QD structures, in terms of the confinement energy. We investigated the electron-electron repulsion potential inside
quantum dots and the effect of the electric field created by donor atoms in proximity of spherical QDs. We have
found that these effects are prominent in structures with SiO2 dielectric than those with Si3N4 dielectric.
Influence of the Metallization Process on the Strength of Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kohn, C.
name: Krappitz, M.
name: Kleer, G.
name: Reis, I.
name: Retzlaff, M.
name: Erath, D.
name: Biro, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1419-1423
description: The reduction of costs by decreasing the breakage rate is one major purpose of research in solar cell
production technology. In order to achieve this, the level of wafer strength during manufacturing should be as high as
possible.
Fractures of solar cells were observed along the region where, on the rear side of the cell, the aluminum electrode
print overlaps the silver-aluminum. Also, strength investigations gave indications that the strength in this special area
is rather low in comparison to the situation at other areas of the solar cell.
In the present work specific material and geometry related configurations of the electrodes and particularly their
overlap were analyzed relating to the geometrical and material influences to the strength behavior of solar cells. A
contribution to the clarification of the mechanisms leading to the observed fracture events was made.
Structural Adhesive Bonding in the Open Space Frame Sector of Photovoltaic Systems
Creators: name: Herfurth, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV System Engineering and Standards, Socio-economic Aspects, and Sustainability

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4530-4533
description: This study investigates whether adhesive connections can have a positive effect on overall frame system
costs in the open-space frame sector for photovoltaic systems, as increasing price pressure in the field of photovoltaics
requires the opening of new paths. The technological development of adhesive systems has progressed significantly over
the past few years, meaning bonding strengths are now available that are suitable for open-space frame systems. When
solving a problem such as selecting the appropriate adhesion points, attempts were made to justify decisions with a
certain systematic approach. In the area of adhesive bonding, proof of the adhesive system is found using Volkersen’s
equations; a finite element analysis is used to check the stability of the newly constructed components. As these methods
are sufficient for a general statement on the cost effectiveness of the adhesive technology, practical experiments are
dispensed with. In an actual adhesive application, however, tests are essential.
The results of this study show that the surface transfer of force using adhesion to join parts provides significant
material savings and moderate cost savings (in the single-digit percentage range) in the examples designed and calculated
for this study. The lack of loans for major projects caused by the financial crisis, combined with the highly developed
capacities of manufacturers of silicon and modules, has led to a profound change in the global photovoltaic market since
the end of 2008. In this context, a transformation from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market, with an excess supply of
modules and sharply falling prices has been noted. Although the price of modules is falling, the specific share of costs for
inverters, installation and assembly systems is increasing, as is the pricing pressure on these components. On the market,
which continues its rapid growth, this results in the demand for new, innovative technologies; possibilities include
adhesive bonding, the use of lightweight steel and intelligent, easy-to-assemble, cost-optimised frame systems.
Last but not least, reductions in material – and thus in energy – play an important role in environmental terms, such
as the power-related depreciation of photovoltaic systems. The goal of this study is to investigate whether structural
adhesive bonding in the open-space frame sector is at all feasible and, if so, whether this technology also represents a
viable economic option.
Parasitic Shunt Losses in All-Side SiNx Passivated mc-Si Solar Cells
Creators: name: Cesar, I.
name: Bende, E.
name: Galbiati, G.
name: Janßen, L.
name: Mewe, A.A.
name: Manshanden, P.
name: Weeber, A.W.
name: Bultman, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1552-1557
description: In search of solar cell concepts that allow processing thinner wafers (<150 micron), the conventional
full Al rear side is replaced by an open rear metallization combined with a dielectric passivation layer. We show a
gain of 2.1% (relative) in the product of Jsc´Voc, when we apply a passivated SiNx dielectric layer and local Al
contacts on the rear of p-type mc-Si solar cells instead of a full Al-BSF. To achieve this gain, metallization designs of
H-patterns and point-contacts were used with a rear coverage less than 8%. The gain in Jsc´Voc is an improvement
over our previously reported results for open rear side cells with rear coverage of 14%. In addition, we propose a new
method to quantify parasitic shunting to evaluate the efficiency potential of this cell concept. Experimental evidence
shows that the parasitic shunting is one of the main limiting factors and the new method predicts a gain in Jsc and
Voc in absence of this phenomenon. Omitting additional resistive losses of the open rear side cell compared to its
full-coverage counterpart, we predict a gain in efficiency of about 0.5% absolute if parasitic shunting could be
eliminated.
Digital Control Strategy for PV/Battery/Genset Hybrid System
Creators: name: Ishengoma, F.M.
name: Norum, L.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4398-4401
description: This paper presents a digital control strategy for a PV/battery/Genset hybrid system. The strategy is
implemented using power electronics converters and Texas Instruments microcontroller TMS320F28035. The
effectiveness of the control strategy for extracting maximum power from the PV, effective battery charging, high
reliability, cost effectiveness and minimum CO2 emission of the hybrid is presented.
Development of the Front-Side Conductor of a Lead-Free Silver Paste for Screen-Printed Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kato, Y.
name: Sugiyama, T.
name: Murakami, A.
name: Yoshino, Y.
name: Shimoda, H.
name: Senda, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1513-1516
description: In this study, a lead-free Ag paste for front-side conductor was developed with good electrical
properties optimizing the lead-free glass compositions. Excellent specific contact resistance in conjunction with high
fill factor (FF) of 0.770 were obtained on 55 Ω/sq emitters with alkali-textured cell by 780ºC spike firing of the leadfree
Ag paste in a lamp-heated walking beam furnace. In a 1000-hour damp heat test under 85 ºC /85 Rh% condition
for the lead-free cells, it was found that the Eff/Effinitial value decreased less than 3%. The possibility of increasing
efficiency is also shown with improving the Ag gridline aspect-ratio to form narrower gridlines using optimized Ag
paste.
Hot Carrier Solar Cells: In the Making?
Creators: name: Le Bris, A.
name: Lombez, L.
name: Guillemoles, J.-F.
name: Esteban, R.
name: Laroche, M.
name: Greffet, J.J.
name: Boissier, G.
name: Christol, P.
name: Collin, S.
name: Pelouard, J.-L.
name: Aschehoug, P.
name: Pellé, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 683-685
description: Hot carrier solar cells allow potential efficiency close to the thermodynamical limit in ideal conditions.
However, the feasability of such devices has not been clearly stated so far and only ideal cells were considered in
previous studies. Here we develop a model with realistic energy selective contacts, carrier thermalization and
absorptivity. The requirements in term of contact selectivity is investigated, showing that semi-selective contacts are
not incompatible with high efficiencies. Candidates for absorbing material were synthesized and the required
thermalization properties are obtained. Specific structures were designed to enhance absorption of concentrated
sunlight in a small material thickness, allowing high carrier density in the absorber.
General parametrization of axisymmetric black holes in metric theories of gravity
Creators: name: Konoplya, Roman
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
name: Zhidenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following previous work of ours in spherical symmetry, we here propose a new parametric framework to describe the spacetime of axisymmetric black holes in generic metric theories of gravity. In this case, the metric components are functions of both the radial and the polar angular coordinates, forcing a double expansion to obtain a generic axisymmetric metric expression. In particular, we use a continued-fraction expansion in terms of a compactified radial coordinate to express the radial dependence, while we exploit a Taylor expansion in terms of the cosine of the polar angle for the polar dependence. These choices lead to a superior convergence in the radial direction and to an exact limit on the equatorial plane. As a validation of our approach, we build parametrized representations of Kerr, rotating dilaton, and Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet black holes. The match is already very good at lowest order in the expansion and improves as new orders are added. We expect a similar behavior for any stationary and axisymmetric black-hole metric.
description: 17 pages, to be published in PRD
Interior regularity of solutions of non-local equations in Sobolev and Nikol'skii spaces
Creators: name: Cozzi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R09, 35R11, 45K05, 35B65, 46E35

description: We prove interior $H^{2s-\varepsilon}$ regularity for weak solutions of linear elliptic integro-differential equations close to the fractional $s$-Laplacian. The result is obtained via intermediate estimates in Nikol'skii spaces, which are in turn carried out by means of an appropriate modification of the classical translation method by Nirenberg.
Combining Magnetic and Electric Sails for Interstellar Deceleration
Creators: name: Perakis, Nikolaos
name: Hein, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main benefit of an interstellar mission is to carry out in-situ measurements within a target star system. To allow for extended in-situ measurements, the spacecraft needs to be decelerated. One of the currently most promising technologies for deceleration is the magnetic sail which uses the deflection of interstellar matter via a magnetic field to decelerate the spacecraft. However, while the magnetic sail is very efficient at high velocities, its performance decreases with lower speeds. This leads to deceleration durations of several decades depending on the spacecraft mass. Within the context of Project Dragonfly, initiated by the Initiative of Interstellar Studies (i4is), this paper proposes a novel concept for decelerating a spacecraft on an interstellar mission by combining a magnetic sail with an electric sail. Combining the sails compensates for each technologys shortcomings: A magnetic sail is more effective at higher velocities than the electric sail and vice versa. It is demonstrated that using both sails sequentially outperforms using only the magnetic or electric sail for various mission scenarios and velocity ranges, at a constant total spacecraft mass. For example, for decelerating from 5% c, to interplanetary velocities, a spacecraft with both sails needs about 29 years, whereas the electric sail alone would take 35 years and the magnetic sail about 40 years with a total spacecraft mass of 8250 kg. Furthermore, it is assessed how the combined deceleration system affects the optimal overall mission architecture for different spacecraft masses and cruising speeds. Future work would investigate how operating both systems in parallel instead of sequentially would affect its performance. Moreover, uncertainties in the density of interstellar matter and sail properties need to be explored.
Comment on "Chaotic orbits for spinning particles in Schwarzschild spacetime"
Creators: name: Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The astrophysical relevance of chaos for a test particle with spin moving in Schwarzschild spacetime was the objective of \cite{Verhaaren10}. Even if the results of the study seem to be qualitatively in agreement with similar works, the study presented in \cite{Verhaaren10} suffers both from theoretical and technical issues. These issues are discussed in this comment.
description: 3 pages, a comment on the article: C. Verhaaren and E. W. Hirschmann, Chaotic orbits for spinning particles in Schwarzschild spacetime, Phys. Rev. D 81, 124034 (2010)
Series Resistance Monitoring for Photovoltaic Modules in the Vicinity of MPP
Creators: name: Sera, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4506-4510
description: Faults and performance deterioration issues related to increases of the series resistance in PV modules
or arrays are one of the most common causes to decrease the energy yield of photovoltaic installations. Therefore, the
early detection of such failure types is very important in order to minimize the time period with reduced power
production. This paper focuses on the estimation of series resistance of flat silicone PV panels or arrays during
operation, in the vicinity of their MPP. The method presented in this paper helps to detect failures by monitoring
changes in the panel’s or array’s series resistance, compared to a reference value that can be determined either by a
measurement in controlled conditions, or using datasheet parameters. The method is based on the measurement of the
slope of the I-V curve at a fixed distance from the short-circuit current.