cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cross Sections for the Reactions e+e- --> K+ K- pi+pi-, K+ K- pi0pi0, and K+ K- K+ K- Measured Using Initial-State Radiation Events
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Lees, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the processes e+e- --> K+ K- pi+pi-gamma, K+ K- pi0pi0gamma, and K+ K- K+ K-gamma, where the photon is radiated from the initial state. About 84000, 8000, and 4200 fully reconstructed events, respectively, are selected from 454 fb-1 of BaBar data. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the \epem center-of-mass energy, so that the K+ K- pi+pi- data can be compared with direct measurements of the e+e- --> K+ K- pi+pi- reaction. No direct measurements exist for the e+e- --> K+ K-pi0pi0 or e+e- --> K+ K-K+ K- reactions, and we present an update of our previous result with doubled statistics. Studying the structure of these events, we find contributions from a number of intermediate states, and extract their cross sections. In particular, we perform a more detailed study of the e+e- --> phi(1020)pipigamma reaction, and confirm the presence of the Y(2175) resonance in the phi(1020) f0(980) and K+K-f0(980) modes. In the charmonium region, we observe the J/psi in all three final states and in several intermediate states, as well as the psi(2S) in some modes, and measure the corresponding product of branching fraction and electron width.
description: 35 pages, 42 figures
Two integer sequences related to Catalan numbers
Creators: name: Lassalle, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the following conjecture of Zeilberger. Denoting by $C_n$ the Catalan number, define inductively $A_n$ by $(-1)^{n-1}A_n=C_n+\sum_{j=1}^{n-1} (-1)^{j} \binom{2n-1}{2j-1} A_j \,C_{n-j}$ and $a_n=2A_n/C_n$. Then $a_n$ (hence $A_n$) is a positive integer.
description: 15 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A
Copper and Zinc Homeostasis: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Navarro, Juan A.
name: Schneuwly, Stephan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Drosophila melanogaster, metal homeostasis, dMTF-1, methallothioneins, copper, zinc, in vivo modeling, human diseases
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Maintenance of metal homeostasis is crucial for many different enzymatic activities and in turn for cell function and survival. In addition, cells display detoxification and protective mechanisms against toxic accumulation of metals. Perturbation of any of these processes normally leads to cellular dysfunction and finally to cell death. In the last years, loss of metal regulation has been described as a common pathological feature in many human neurodegenerative diseases. However, in most cases, it is still a matter of debate whether such dyshomeostasis is a primary or a secondary downstream defect. In this review, we will summarize and critically evaluate the contribution of Drosophila to model human diseases that involve altered metabolism of metals or in which metal dyshomeostasis influence their pathobiology. As a prerequisite to use Drosophila as a model, we will recapitulate and describe the main features of core genes involved in copper and zinc metabolism that are conserved between mammals and flies. Drosophila presents some unique strengths to be at the forefront of neurobiological studies. The number of genetic tools, the possibility to easily test genetic interactions in vivo and the feasibility to perform unbiased genetic and pharmacological screens are some of the most prominent advantages of the fruitfly. In this work, we will pay special attention to the most important results reported in fly models to unveil the role of copper and zinc in cellular degeneration and their influence in the development and progression of human neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Friedreich's Ataxia or Menkes, and Wilson's diseases. Finally, we show how these studies performed in the fly have allowed to give further insight into the influence of copper and zinc in the molecular and cellular causes and consequences underlying these diseases as well as the discovery of new therapeutic strategies, which had not yet been described in other model systems.
The Curious Case of Palomar 13: The Influence of the Orbital Phase on the Appearance of Galactic Satellites
Creators: name: Kuepper, A. H. W.
name: Mieske, S.
name: Kroupa, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamical status of the low-mass globular cluster Palomar 13 by means of N-body computations to test whether its unusually high mass-to-light ratio of about 40 and its peculiarly shallow surface density profile can be caused by tidal shocking. Alternatively, we test - by varying the assumed proper motion - if the orbital phase of Palomar 13 within its orbit about the Milky Way can influence its appearance and thus may be the origin of these peculiarities, as has been suggested by Kuepper et al. (2010). We find that, of these two scenarios, only the latter can explain the observed mass-to-light ratio and surface density profile. We note, however, that the particular orbit that best reproduces those observed parameters has a proper motion inconsistent with the available literature value. We discuss this discrepancy and suggest that it may be caused by an underestimation of the observational uncertainties in the proper motion determination. We demonstrate that Palomar 13 is most likely near apogalacticon, which makes the cluster appear supervirial and blown-up due to orbital compression of its tidal debris. Since the satellites of the Milky Way are on average closer to apo- than perigalacticon, their internal dynamics may be influenced by the same effect, and we advocate that this needs to be taken into account when interpreting their kinematical data. Moreover, we briefly discuss the influence of a possible binary population on such measurements.
description: Funding acknowledgement added
The CNAO Dose Delivery System for modulated scanning ion beam radiotherapy
Creators: name: Giordanengo, Simona
name: Garella, Maria Adelaide
name: Marchetto, Flavio
name: Bourhaleb, Faiza
name: Ciocca, Mario
name: Mirandola, Alfredo
name: Monaco, Vincenzo
name: Hosseini, Mohammad Amin
name: Peroni, Cristian
name: Sacchi, Roberto
name: Cirio, Roberto
name: Donetti, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the dose delivery system used at the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO) for ion beam modulated scanning radiotherapy. CNAO Foundation, INFN and University of Torino have developed and commissioned a Dose Delivery System (DDS) to monitor and guide ion beams accelerated by a synchrotron and to distribute the dose with a 3D scanning technique. The target volume, segmented in several layers orthogonally to the beam direction, is irradiated by thousands of pencil beams which must be steered and held to the prescribed positions until the prescribed number of particles has been delivered. At CNAO, these operations are performed by the DDS. The main components of this system are 2 independent beam monitoring detectors (BOX1 and BOX2), interfaced with 2 control systems performing real-time control, and connected to the scanning magnets and the beam chopper. As a reaction to any potential hazard, a DDS interlock signal is sent to the Patient Interlock System which immediately stops the irradiation. The tasks and operations performed by the DDS are described following the data flow from the Treatment Planning System through the end of the treatment delivery. The ability of the DDS to guarantee a safe and accurate treatment was validated during the commissioning phase by means of checks of the charge collection efficiency, gain uniformity of the chambers and 2D dose distribution homogeneity and stability. A high level of reliability and robustness has been proven by 3 years of system activity. The DDS described in this paper is one among the few worldwide existing systems to operate ion beam for modulated scanning radiotherapy. It has proven to guide and control the therapeutic pencil beams with accuracy and stability showing dose deviations lower than the acceptance threshold of 5% and 2.5% respectively during daily Quality Assurance measurements.
Uniform cell decomposition with applications to Chevalley groups
Creators: name: Berman, Mark N.
name: Derakhshan, Jamshid
name: Onn, Uri
name: Paajanen, Pirita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G25, 03C10, 03C98, 11M41

description: We express integrals of definable functions over definable sets uniformly for non-Archimedean local fields, extending results of Pas. We apply this to Chevalley groups, in particular proving that zeta functions counting conjugacy classes in congruence quotients of such groups depend only on the size of the residue field, for sufficiently large residue characteristic. In particular, the number of conjugacy classes in a congruence quotient depends only on the size of the residue field. The same holds for zeta functions counting dimensions of Hecke modules of intertwining operators associated to induced representations of such quotients.
description: 20 pages, final version, to appear in the Journal of the LMS
Effects of cosmological model assumptions on galaxy redshift survey measurements
Creators: name: Samushia, Lado
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Guzzo, Luigi
name: Wang, Yun
name: Cimatti, Andrea
name: Baugh, Carlton
name: Geach, James E.
name: Lacey, Cedric
name: Majerotto, Elisabetta
name: Mukherjee, Pia
name: Orsi, Alvaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The clustering of galaxies observed in future redshift surveys will provide a wealth of cosmological information. Matching the signal at different redshifts constrains the dark energy driving the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe. In tandem with these geometrical constraints, redshift-space distortions (RSD) depend on the build up of large-scale structure. As pointed out by many authors measurements of these effects are intrinsically coupled. We investigate this link, and argue that it strongly depends on the cosmological assumptions adopted when analysing data. Using representative assumptions for the parameters of the Euclid survey in order to provide a baseline future experiment, we show how the derived constraints change due to different model assumptions. We argue that even the assumption of a Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-time is sufficient to reduce the importance of the coupling to a significant degree. Taking this idea further, we consider how the data would actually be analysed and argue that we should not expect to be able to simultaneously constrain multiple deviations from the standard $Λ$CDM model. We therefore consider different possible ways in which the Universe could deviate from the $Λ$CDM model, and show how the coupling between geometrical constraints and structure growth affects the measurement of such deviations.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Matches published version. For the fisher matrix code email Lado Samushia
Extending the Predictive Power of Perturbative QCD Using the Principle of Maximum Conformality and Bayesian Analysis
Creators: name: Shen, Jian-Ming
name: Zhou, Zhi-Jian
name: Wang, Sheng-Quan
name: Yan, Jiang
name: Wu, Zhi-Fei
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to the evaluation of high-order loop contributions, the precision and predictive power of perturbative QCD (pQCD) predictions depends on two important issues: (1) how to achieve a reliable, convergent fixed-order series, and (2) how to reliably estimate the contributions of unknown higher-order terms. The recursive use of renormalization group equation, together with the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC), eliminates the renormalization scheme-and-scale ambiguities of the conventional pQCD series. The result is a conformal, scale-invariant series of finite order which also satisfies all of the principles of the renormalization group. In this paper we propose a novel Bayesian-based approach to estimate the size of the unknown higher order contributions based on an optimized analysis of probability distributions. We show that by using the PMC conformal series, in combination with the Bayesian analysis, one can consistently achieve high degree of reliability estimates for the unknown high order terms. Thus the predictive power of pQCD can be greatly improved. We illustrate this procedure for two pQCD observables: $R_{e^+e^-}$ and $R_τ$, which are each known up to four loops in pQCD. Numerical analyses confirm that by using the scale-independent and more convergent PMC conformal series, one can achieve reliable Bayesian probability estimates for the unknown higher-order contributions.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, published version
Should Securities Regulation Promote Equity Crowdfunding
Creators: name: Hornuf, Lars
name: Schwienbacher, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Equity crowdfunding, Crowdinvesting, Small business finance, Securities regulation, Investor protection
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: In this paper, we show that too strong investor protection may harm small firms and entrepreneurial initiatives, which contrasts with the traditional “law and finance” view that stronger investor protection is better. This situation is particularly relevant in equity crowdfunding, which refers to a recent financial innovation originating on the Internet that targets small and innovative firms. In many jurisdictions, securities regulation offers exemptions to prospectus and registration requirements. We provide an into-depth discussion of recent regulatory reforms in different countries and discuss how they may impact equity crowdfunding. Building on a theoretical framework, we show that optimal regulation depends on the availability of an alternative early-stage financing such as venture capital and angel finance. Finally, we offer exploratory evidence from Germany on the impact of securities regulation on small business finance.
description: First Online: 04 April 2017
Vitamin B6 status of young and older adult women in Metro Vancouver
Creators: name: Ho, Chia-Ling
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Vitamin B6 (B6) plays an essential role in the metabolism of amino acids, synthesis of neurotransmitters, and regulation of energy homeostasis. B6 deficiency, plasma pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) concentration <20 nmol/L, has been associated with impaired immune responses and depression. Suboptimal B6 status, plasma PLP concentration between 20−30 nmol/L, has been associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer. A 19.4% prevalence of inadequate dietary B6 intake was reported among women aged 51−70 years and 9.6% women aged 19−30 years in the Canadian Community Health Survey 2004. However, there are very few data on biochemical B6 status among Canadian women. This thesis aimed to assess B6 status and to identify predictors of B6 status, in young and older adult women in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Vitamin B6 status in young adult women was assessed from an existing, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 202 women aged 19−35 years in Metro Vancouver. Another descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 223 older adult women aged 51−70 years in Metro Vancouver recruited by convenience sampling. B6 status was determined by fasting plasma PLP concentrations. Information on demographic and lifestyle characteristics and dietary intake was collected through questionnaires. The prevalence of B6 deficiency was 1.5% in young and 1.4% in older adult women. Suboptimal B6 status was 10.9% in young and 8.1% in older adult women. In both samples, the participants had high education levels and about 30% used B6-containing supplements. Body mass index, dietary B6 intake, and the use of supplemental B6 were significant predictors of plasma PLP concentrations in both samples. South Asian ethnicity was identified as a negative predictor of plasma PLP concentration in young adult women but a positive predictor in older adult women. Suboptimal B6 status was prevalent in convenience samples of young and older adult women in Metro Vancouver. Ethnicity, dietary B6 intake and the use of supplemental B6 should be considered as covariates for predicting B6 status in future studies. Considering the high socioeconomic status of the participants in this thesis, there is a need to investigate B6 status in a representative sample of Canadian women.
Level-set based pre-processing algorithm for particle-based methods
Creators: name: Yu, Yongchuan
name: Zhu, Yujie
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Haidn, Oskar J.
name: Hu, Xiangyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Obtaining high quality particle distribution representing clean geometry in pre-processing is essential for the simulation accuracy of the particle-based methods. In this paper, several level-set based techniques for cleaning up `dirty' geometries automatically and generating homogeneous particle distributions are presented. First, a non-resolved structure identifying method based on level-set field is employed to detect the tiny fragments which make the geometry `dirty' under a given resolutions. Second, a re-distance algorithm is proposed to remove the tiny fragments and reconstruct clean and smooth geometries. Third, a `static confinement' boundary condition is developed in the particle relaxation process. By complementing the kernel support for the particles near the geometric surface, the boundary condition achieves better body-fitted particle distribution on the narrow region with high curvature. Several numerical examples include a 2D airfoil 30P30N, 3D SPHinXsys symbol, a skyscraper with a flagpole and an inferior vena cava demonstrate that the present method not only cleans up the `dirty' geometries efficiently, but also provides better body-fitted homogeneous particle distribution for complex geometry.
description: 29 pages, 15 figures
Limit Theorems for the Discrete-Time Quantum Walk on a Graph with Joined Half Lines
Creators: name: Chisaki, Kota
name: Konno, Norio
name: Segawa, Etsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a discrete-time quantum walk $W_{t,κ}$ at time $t$ on a graph with joined half lines $\mathbb{J}_κ$, which is composed of $κ$ half lines with the same origin. Our analysis is based on a reduction of the walk on a half line. The idea plays an important role to analyze the walks on some class of graphs with \textit{symmetric} initial states. In this paper, we introduce a quantum walk with an enlarged basis and show that $W_{t,κ}$ can be reduced to the walk on a half line even if the initial state is \textit{asymmetric}. For $W_{t,κ}$, we obtain two types of limit theorems. The first one is an asymptotic behavior of $W_{t,κ}$ which corresponds to localization. For some conditions, we find that the asymptotic behavior oscillates. The second one is the weak convergence theorem for $W_{t,κ}$. On each half line, $W_{t,κ}$ converges to a density function like the case of the one-dimensional lattice with a scaling order of $t$. The results contain the cases of quantum walks starting from the general initial state on a half line with the general coin and homogeneous trees with the Grover coin.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Polaritonic quantisation in nonlocal polar material
Creators: name: Gubbin, Christopher R.
name: De Liberato, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Reststrahlen region, between the transverse and longitudinal phonon frequencies, polar dielectric materials respond metallically to light and the resulting strong light-matter interactions can lead to the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed surface phonon polaritons. Recent works have demonstrated that when an optical system contains nanoscale polar elements these excitations can acquire a longitudinal field component as a result of the material dispersion of the lattice, leading to the formation of secondary quasiparticles termed longitudinal-transverse polaritons. In this work we build on previous macroscopic electromagnetic theories developing a full second-quantised theory of longitudinal-transverse polaritons. Beginning from the Hamiltonian of the light-matter system we treat distortion to the lattice introducing an elastic free energy. We then diagonalise the Hamiltonian, demonstrating the equations of motion for the polariton are equivalent to the those of macroscopic electromagnetism and quantise the nonlocal operators. Finally we demonstrate how to reconstruct the electromagnetic fields in terms of the polariton states and explore polariton induced enhancements of the Purcell factor. These results demonstrate how nonlocality can narrow, enhance and spectrally tune near field emission with applications in mid-infrared sensing.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Some Aspects of Spherical Symmetric Extremal Dyonic Black Holes in 4d N=1 Supergravity
Creators: name: Gunara, Bobby E.
name: Zen, Freddy P.
name: Akbar, Fiki T.
name: Suroso, Agus
name: Arianto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study several aspects of extremal spherical symmetric black hole solutions of four dimensional N=1 supergravity coupled to vector and chiral multiplets with the scalar potential turned on. In the asymptotic region the complex scalars are fixed and regular which can be viewed as the critical points of the black hole and the scalar potentials with vanishing scalar charges. It follows that the asymptotic geometries are of a constant and non-zero scalar curvature which are generally not Einstein. These spaces could also correspond to the near horizon geometries which are the product spaces of a two anti-de Sitter surface and the two sphere if the value of the scalars in both regions coincides. In addition, we prove the local existence of non-trivial radius dependent complex scalar fields which interpolate between the horizon and the asymptotic region. We finally give some simple ${\lC}^{n}$-models with both linear superpotential and gauge couplings.
description: 17 pages, no figure. Added an author. Major revision: typos and grammar corrected, some statements modified, added a section about local existence of scalar fields. Accepted for publication in Int J Mod Phys A
Parenting in an Insecure Age: Class, Gender and the Flexible Child
Creators: name: Pugh, Allison J.
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2018
Subjects: job insecurity; parenting; inequality; gender; youth

description: Existing work on job insecurity focuses upon its effects upon workers at work, but a growing field attends to its broader impacts beyond the workplace. Based on in-depth interviews with 80 parents with varying experience of job precariousness, this article seeks to investigate how class and gender shape the impact of job insecurity on childrearing, specifically how parents seek to prepare their children for the future they anticipate. Results document that most parents encourage their children to be "flexible," but the youth’s class and gender shape the meanings and intended uses of this flexibility: advantaged parents want their teenagers to be able to take advantage of opportunities in work and love while the less-advantaged hope their children’s flexibility will be able to protect them from certain disaster in these realms.
description: Sociologica, Vol 12, No 3 (2018)
On diffuse interface modeling and simulation of surfactants in two-phase fluid flow
Creators: name: Engblom, Stefan
name: Do-Quang, Minh
name: Amberg, Gustav
name: Tornberg, Anna-Karin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76T30, 65M60, 65Z05

description: An existing phase-field model of two immiscible fluids with a single soluble surfactant present is discussed in detail. We analyze the well-posedness of the model and provide strong evidence that it is mathematically ill-posed for a large set of physically relevant parameters. As a consequence, critical modifications to the model are suggested that substantially increase the domain of validity. Carefully designed numerical simulations offer informative demonstrations as to the sharpness of our theoretical results and the qualities of the physical model. A fully coupled hydrodynamic test-case demonstrates the potential to capture also non-trivial effects on the overall flow.
Paternal and Maternal Gatekeeping? Choreographing Care
Creators: name: Miller, Tina
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2018
Subjects: motherhood; fatherhood; parenting; caring; gatekeeping

description: Feminist scholarship has continued to map the multiple ways in which practices of caring and paid work sustain gender inequality. A recurrent focus has examined how caring and paid work “choices” are made and their corresponding gendered effects, particularly for women in the home, work place and beyond. In spite of shifts in education, employment and equality-focused legislation, the sharing of familial caring responsibilities for children has been particularly resistant to significant change. One attempt to explain this obduracy has been through the concept of “maternal gatekeeping” developed in the 1990s. This concept typically describes and measures maternal behaviours that “block” paternal involvement and so apparently “protects” maternal privilege/power. However, as societal ideals — and some practices — of involved fatherhood shift, a more critical engagement with the concept of “gatekeeping” as a singularly maternal practise, is timely. Drawing upon findings from two comparative UK based qualitative longitudinal studies, this paper urges a more critical examination of practices of maternal and paternal gatekeeping as parental choreographing of caring practices and responsibilities unfold.
description: Sociologica, Vol 12, No 3 (2018)
Review fo Measures to Integrate Young People into the Maker Community
Creators: name: Stilz, Melanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Despite the growing number of activities in the education sector labelled as “Making”, there is no real consensus on what constitutes educational Making, what counts as Making and where it differs from the rising number of STEM promotion activities in recent years. We suggest it’s not only the creative element - see also the discussion around STEAM education - but also the critical perspective and attitude that the Maker Movement brings into Maker Education. The review of measures to integrate young people in Germany into the Maker Community shows that at least in the German context there is no consistent definition of Maker Education and it is often seen as a “more engaging way to teach technology” with an entrepreneurial spirit at best but little attention to the critical and democratizing elements. In this review we want to gain a first understanding, how and where Making Activities for children and youth are taking place, which formats prevail and what educational goals they pursue. It is based on the results of our first Critical Making Workshop held in March 2021, where we invited experts - including those who are part of this consortium - in the field of Making Education and gathered examples of spaces, actors and programs for children and youth. Subsequently, two interviews were conducted with well connected Maker Education practitioners to enrich our analyses with their know-how and experiences. Due to the extensive number of activities linked to Making in education globally we chose to use Germany as a case example. In a second step we want to explore if and how these initiatives are linked to the broader Maker Community and whether the educational programmes can be seen “critical” in the sense of critical making and RRI.
On the decomposable semigroups and applications
Creators: name: García-García, Juan Ignacio
name: Moreno-Frías, M. Ángeles
name: Vigneron-Tenorio, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this work is to reduce the complexity of the available algorithms for computing the generator sets of a semigroup ideal by using the Hermite normal form. In order to achieve it we introduce the concept of decomposable semigroup. If a semigroup is decomposable, the computation of its ideal is equivalent to compute the ideals of each semigroup in the decomposition, thus obtaining a reduction of the complexity of the algorithms. Furthermore, since these computations are mutually independent, they can be carried out in parallel. The concept of decomposable variety is introduced and a combinatorial characterization of decomposable semigroup is obtained. Some applications are also provided.
Potential versus Reality: The Importance of Resources in Challenging Gendered Family Practices
Creators: name: Dermott, Esther
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2018
Subjects: families; fathers; households; money; mothers; parenting; policy; poverty

description: Family life is recognised as a central domain for the achievement of greater gender equality. Transformations in fatherhood policies have been key in signalling the value of both mothers and fathers as parents and reflecting new discourses about the ability and need for men and women to care. Meanwhile persistent inequalities in this sphere — in relation to the undertaking of practical care, and overall responsibility for household management — have been suggested as limits on progress. This article draws on studies in the UK that examine the relationship between gender, parenting, and poverty to suggest that overall empirical evidence continues to highlight the ongoing ways in which the allocation of financial resources within households, and the nature and extent of parental obligations to children, result in mothers continuing to do more in ways that seem unlikely to be further transformed without significant intervention and a shift in focus.
description: Sociologica, Vol 12, No 3 (2018)
Nanoindentation-induced deformation twinning in MAX phase Ti$_2$AlN
Creators: name: Tromas, Christophe
name: Parent, Salomé
name: Sylvain, Wilgens
name: Thilly, Ludovic
name: Renou, Gilles
name: Zehnder, Christopher
name: Schröders, Sebastian
name: Korte-Kerzel, Sandra
name: Joulain, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plastic deformation mechanisms have been investigated in the MAX phase Ti2AlN. Nanoindentation has been used to induce plastic deformation in a single grain, and a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) lamella has been extracted in cross section through the indent by using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique. By combining TEM observations and automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM), highly misoriented domains (HMD) have been revealed below a nanoindentation imprint. Thanks to a careful analysis of the relative crystal orientations between these HMD, {11-22} and {11-21} deformation twins have been identified for the first time in a MAX phase. Complex structures, involving secondary twinning or different {11-22} twin variants have also been characterized.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures
Simultaneous shape and topology optimization of wings
Creators: name: Høghøj, Lukas C.
name: Conlan-Smith, Cian
name: Sigmund, Ole
name: Andreasen, Casper Schousboe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a method for simultaneous optimization of the outer shape and internal topology of aircraft wings, with the objective of minimizing drag subject to lift and compliance constraints for multiple load cases. The physics are evaluated by the means of a source-doublet panel method for the aerodynamic response and linear elastic finite elements for the structural response, which are one-way coupled. At each design iteration, a mapping procedure is applied to map the current wing shape and corresponding pressure loads to the unfitted finite element mesh covering the design domain. Wings of small fixed-wing airplanes both with and without a stiffening strut are optimized. The resulting wings show internal topologies with struts and wall-truss combinations, depending on the design freedom of the shape optimization. The lift distributions of the optimized wings show patterns like the ones obtained when performing optimization of wing shapes with constraints on the bending moment at the root.
Kaonic Hanbury-Brown-Twiss radii at 200 GeV and 5.02 TeV
Creators: name: Alqahtani, Mubarak
name: Strickland, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 3+1D quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydroQP) to make predictions for kaon Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) radii in 200 GeV and 5.02 TeV heavy-ion collisions. Using previously determined aHydroQP parameters, we compute kaonic HBT radii and their ratios as a function of the mean transverse momentum of the pair $k_T$. We first consider Au-Au collisions at 200 GeV, finding good agreement between aHydroQP predictions and experimental data up to $k_T \sim 0.8$ GeV. We then present predictions for kaonic HBT radii and their ratios in 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions. Our aHydroQP predictions do not exhibit a clear $k_T$ scaling of the pion and kaon source radii, however, an approximate transverse mass $m_T$ scaling is observed, particularly at 200 GeV.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures; v2 - major revision, published version
Cherenkov Diffraction Radiation Emissions from Single Electrons and Positrons on a Fused Silica Radiator
Creators: name: Estevez, Silas Ruhrberg
name: Baumgartner, Tobias
name: Bahl, Johann
name: Lehrach, Thomas
name: Thole, Tobias
name: Nickel, Benildur
name: Loewe, Philipp
name: Hildebrandt, Lukas
name: Silva, Cristovao Beirao da Cruz E
name: Schuetze, Paul
name: Joos, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beam diagnostics are crucial for smooth accelerator operations. Many techniques rely on instrumentation in which the beam properties are significantly affected by the measurement. Novel approaches aim to use Cherenkov Diffraction Radiation (ChDR) for non-invasive diagnostics. Unlike regular Cherenkov Radiation, the charged particles do not have to move inside of the medium, but it is sufficient for them to move in its vicinity as long as they are faster than the speed of light in the medium. Changes to the beam properties due to ChDR measurements are consequently negligible. To examine ChDR emission under different conditions, we placed a fused silica radiator in the DESY II Test Beam. We observed a linear increase in ChDR intensity for electron and positron momenta between 1 GeV/c and 5 GeV/c. Additionally, we found that electrons produce significantly more ChDR than positrons for increasing particle momenta. The results suggest a need for further research into the ChDR generation by electrons and positrons and may find application in the design of future beam diagnostic devices.
Situation Awareness for Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Richthammer, Christian
name: Pernul, Günther
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Recommender systems, Situation awareness, Context awareness, Contextual side information, Situation-aware recommender systems
subject: 004 Informatik

description: One major shortcoming of traditional recommender systems is their inability to adjust to users’ short-term preferences resulting from varying situation-specific factors. To address this, we propose the notion of situation-aware recommender systems, which are supposed to autonomously determine the users’ current situation based on a multitude of contextual side information and generate truly personalized recommendations. In particular, we develop a situation awareness model for recommender systems, include it in a situation-aware recommendation process, and derive generic design steps for the design of situation-aware recommender systems. The feasibility of these concepts is demonstrated by directly employing them for the development and implementation of a music recommender system for everyday situations. Moreover, their meaningfulness is shown by means of an empirical user study. The outcomes of the evaluation indicate a significant increase in user satisfaction compared to traditional (i.e. non-situation-aware) recommendations.
BCS-BEC Crossover in Bilayers of Cold Fermionic Polar Molecules
Creators: name: Zinner, N. T.
name: Wunsch, B.
name: Pekker, D.
name: Wang, D. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum and thermal phase diagram of fermionic polar molecules loaded in a bilayer trapping potential with perpendicular dipole moment. We use both a BCS theory approach that is most realiable at weak-coupling and a strong-coupling approach that considers the two-body bound dimer states with one molecules in each layer as the relevant degree of freedom. The system ground state is a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of dimer bound states in the low density limit and a paired superfluid (BCS) state in the high density limit. At zero temperature, the intralayer repulsion is found to broaden the regime of BCS-BEC crossover, and can potentially induce system collapse through the softening of roton excitations. The BCS theory and the strongly-coupled dimer picture yield similar predictions for the parameters of the crossover regime. The BKT transition temperature of the dimer superfluid is also calculated. The crossover can be driven by many-body effects and is strongly affected by the intralayer interaction which was ignored in previous studies.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, final version
Developing a Knowledge Graph Framework for Pharmacokinetic Natural Product-Drug Interactions
Creators: name: Taneja, Sanya B.
name: Callahan, Tiffany J.
name: Paine, Mary F.
name: Kane-Gill, Sandra L.
name: Kilicoglu, Halil
name: Joachimiak, Marcin P.
name: Boyce, Richard D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Pharmacokinetic natural product-drug interactions (NPDIs) occur when botanical natural products are co-consumed with pharmaceutical drugs. Understanding mechanisms of NPDIs is key to preventing adverse events. We constructed a knowledge graph framework, NP-KG, as a step toward computational discovery of pharmacokinetic NPDIs. NP-KG is a heterogeneous KG with biomedical ontologies, linked data, and full texts of the scientific literature, constructed with the Phenotype Knowledge Translator framework and the semantic relation extraction systems, SemRep and Integrated Network and Dynamic Reasoning Assembler. NP-KG was evaluated with case studies of pharmacokinetic green tea- and kratom-drug interactions through path searches and meta-path discovery to determine congruent and contradictory information compared to ground truth data. The fully integrated NP-KG consisted of 745,512 nodes and 7,249,576 edges. Evaluation of NP-KG resulted in congruent (38.98% for green tea, 50% for kratom), contradictory (15.25% for green tea, 21.43% for kratom), and both congruent and contradictory (15.25% for green tea, 21.43% for kratom) information. Potential pharmacokinetic mechanisms for several purported NPDIs, including the green tea-raloxifene, green tea-nadolol, kratom-midazolam, kratom-quetiapine, and kratom-venlafaxine interactions were congruent with the published literature. NP-KG is the first KG to integrate biomedical ontologies with full texts of the scientific literature focused on natural products. We demonstrate the application of NP-KG to identify pharmacokinetic interactions involving enzymes, transporters, and pharmaceutical drugs. We envision that NP-KG will facilitate improved human-machine collaboration to guide researchers in future studies of pharmacokinetic NPDIs. The NP-KG framework is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6814507 and https://github.com/sanyabt/np-kg.
The Discrete Fundamental Group of the Associahedron, and the Exchange Module
Creators: name: Barcelo, Hélène
name: Severs, Christopher
name: White, Jacob A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E45

description: The associahedron is an object that has been well studied and has numerous applications, particularly in the theory of operads, the study of non-crossing partitions, lattice theory and more recently in the study of cluster algebras. We approach the associahedron from the point of view of discrete homotopy theory. We study the abelianization of the discrete fundamental group, and show that it is free abelian of rank $\binom{n+2}{4}$. We also find a combinatorial description for a basis of this rank. We also introduce the exchange module of the type $A_n$ cluster algebra, used to model the relations in the cluster algebra. We use the discrete fundamental group to the study of exchange module, and show that it is also free abelian of rank $\binom{n+2}{3}$.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Salix daphnoides: A Screening for Oligomeric and Polymeric Proanthocyanidins
Creators: name: Wiesneth, Stefan
name: Petereit, Frank
name: Jürgenliemk, Guido
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: procyanidins; proanthocyanidins; flavan-3-ols; Salix daphnoides; willow bark; low temperature NMR; thiolysis; polarimetry; polymeric proanthocyanidins
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften
subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: In the present study, a qualitative analysis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) from an aqueous-methanolic extract of Salix daphnoides VILL. bark is described. Procyanidin B1 (1), B2 (2), B3 (3), B4 (4), C1 (5), epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin (6) and epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin (7) have been isolated by a combination of different chromatographic separations on Sephadex® LH-20-, MCI®-, Diol-and RP-18-phases. Mass spectrometry, 1D- and 2D-NMR, circular dichroism and polarimetry were used for their structure elucidation and verification by comparison with the literature. Additionally, two fractions of very polar flavan-3-ols were compared: “regular” polymeric PAs received at the very end of the Sephadex® LH-20 chromatography showing no mobility on silica TLC and “unusual” PAs with the same RF-value but already eluting together with flavonoids in the Sephadex® LH-20 system. These “unusual” PAs were subsequently enriched by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). 13C-NMR, polarimetry, thiolysis, acid hydrolysis and phloroglucinol degradation were used to characterize both fractions. Differences in the composition of different flavan-3-ol units and the middle chain length were observed.
Antimicrobial efficacy of irradiation with visible light on oral bacteria in vitro: a systematic review
Creators: name: Pummer, Andreas
name: Knüttel, Helge
name: Hiller, Karl-Anton
name: Buchalla, Wolfgang
name: Cieplik, Fabian
name: Maisch, Tim
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: antimicrobial; bacteria; light; oral; visible
subject: 610 Medizin

description: AIM: Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by microorganisms resistant to common antibiotics. Consequently, novel methods for successful inactivation of pathogens are required. In this instance, one alternative could be application of light for treatment of topical infections. Antimicrobial properties of UV light are well documented, but due to its DNA-damaging properties use for medical purposes is limited. In contrast, irradiation with visible light may be more promising. METHODS: Literature was systematically screened for research concerning inactivation of main oral bacterial species by means of visible light. RESULTS: Inactivation of bacterial species, especially pigmented ones, in planktonic state showed promising results. There is a lack of research examining the situation when organized as biofilms. CONCLUSION: More research concerning situation in a biofilm state is required.
Scalar Field Cosmology II: Superfluidity, Quantum Turbulence, and Inflation
Creators: name: Huang, Kerson
name: Low, Hwee-Boon
name: Tung, Roh-Suan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the big-bang model in a previous paper by extending the real vacuum scalar field to a complex vacuum scalar field, within the FLRW framework. The phase dynamics of the scalar field, which makes the universe a superfluid, is described in terms of a density of quantized vortex lines, and a tangle of vortex lines gives rise to quantum turbulence. We propose that all the matter in the universe was created in the turbulence, through reconnection of vortex lines, a process necessary for the maintenance of the vortex tangle. The vortex tangle grows and decays, and its lifetime is the era of inflation. These ideas are implemented in a set of closed cosmological equations that describe the cosmic expansion driven by the scalar field on the one hand, and the vortex-matter dynamics on the other. We show how these two aspects decouple from each other, due to a vast difference in energy scales. The model is not valid beyond the inflation era, but the universe remains a superfluid afterwards. This gives rise to observable effects in the present universe, including dark matter, galactic voids, non-thermal filaments, and cosmic jets.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, published version