cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Examining the correlation between treatment effects in clinical trials and economic modeling
Creators: name: Xie, Xuanqian
name: Wang, Myra
name: Gajic-Veljanoski, Olga
name: Ye, Chenglin
name: Blumberger, Daniel M.
name: Volodin, Andrei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Many diseases have a sequential treatment pathway. Compared with patients without previous treatment, patients who fail initial treatment may have lower success rates with a second treatment. This phenomenon can be explained by a correlation between treatment effects. We developed a statistical model of covariance for the underlying unobserved correlation between treatments and established a mathematical expression for the magnitude of the latent correlation term. We conducted a simulation study of clinical trials to investigate the correlation between two treatments and explored clinical examples based on published literature to illustrate the identification and evaluation of these correlations. Our simulation study confirmed that a treatment correlation reduces the probability of success for the second treatment, compared with no correlation. We found that treatment correlations may be observable in clinical trials, such as for depression and lung cancer, and the magnitude of correlation may be estimated. We illustrated that treatment correlations can be incorporated into an economic model, with possible impacts on cost-effectiveness results. Additional applications of correlation concepts are also discussed. We evaluated the correlation between treatment effects and our approach can be applied to clinical trial design and economic modeling of sequential clinical treatment pathways.
Asymptotic structure of free Araki-Woods factors
Creators: name: Houdayer, Cyril
name: Raum, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L10, 46L54, 46L55

description: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structure of Shlyakhtenko's free Araki-Woods factors using the framework of ultraproduct von Neumann algebras. We first prove that all the free Araki-Woods factors $Γ(H_{\mathbb R}, U_t)^{\prime \prime}$ are $ω$-solid in the following sense: for every von Neumann subalgebra $Q \subset Γ(H_{\mathbb R}, U_t)^{\prime \prime}$ that is the range of a faithful normal conditional expectation and such that the relative commutant $Q' \cap M^ω$ is diffuse, we have that $Q$ is amenable. Next, we prove that the continuous cores of the free Araki-Woods factors $Γ(H_{\mathbb R}, U_t)^{\prime \prime}$ associated with mixing orthogonal representations $U : \mathbb R \to \mathcal O(H_{\mathbb R})$ are $ω$-solid type ${\rm II_\infty}$ factors. Finally, when the orthogonal representation $U : \mathbb R \to \mathcal O(H_{\mathbb R})$ is weakly mixing, we prove a dichotomy result for all the von Neumann subalgebras $Q \subset Γ(H_{\mathbb R}, U_t)^{\prime \prime}$ that are globally invariant under the modular automorphism group $(σ_t^{φ_U})$ of the free quasi-free state $φ_U$.
description: 29 pages. v2: final version, to appear in Math. Ann
The Direct Detection of Boosted Dark Matter at High Energies and PeV events at IceCube
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Atri
name: Gandhi, Raj
name: Gupta, Aritra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of detecting dark matter directly via a small but energetic component that is allowed within present-day constraints. Drawing closely upon the fact that neutral current neutrino nucleon interactions are indistinguishable from DM-nucleon interactions at low energies, we extend this feature to high energies for a small, non-thermal but highly energetic population of DM particle $χ$, created via the decay of a significantly more massive and long-lived non-thermal relic $ϕ$, which forms the bulk of DM. If $χ$ interacts with nucleons, its cross-section, like the neutrino-nucleus coherent cross-section, can rise sharply with energy leading to deep inelastic scattering, similar to neutral current neutrino-nucleon interactions at high energies. Thus, its direct detection may be possible via cascades in very large neutrino detectors. As a specific example, we apply this notion to the recently reported three ultra-high energy PeV cascade events clustered around $1-2$ PeV at IceCube (IC). We discuss the features which may help discriminate this scenario from one in which only astrophysical neutrinos constitute the event sample in detectors like IC.
description: v1: 6 pages, 4 figures; v2: More references added, minor text changes for clarification; v3: Title change, major revision, updated references; v4: Corrected Fig. 1b, Version published in JCAP
title: Die Technik ist immer noch männlich
Creators: name: Hutter, Jasmin
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit widmet sich der Frage, wie im aktuellen österreichischen Diskurs zur Digitalisierung der Arbeit Geschlecht konstruiert wird. Diese Frage ist relevant, weil Technik im Allgemeinen und somit auch Digitalisierung symbolisch mit Männlichkeit verwoben sind. Der Großteil des Digitalisierungsdiskurses fokussiert zudem auf männerdominierte Branchen, frauendominierte Berufe werden hingegen nur in Ausnahmefällen thematisiert. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, werden ausgewählte Publikationen aus den Jahren 2019 bis 2021 analysiert. Die Untersuchung zeigt ein durchaus ambivalentes Ergebnis. Einerseits wird Geschlecht im Diskurs zur Digitalisierung der Arbeit konstruiert, indem Stereotypen über Männer und Frauen reproduziert und ungleiche materielle Verhältnisse der Geschlechter nicht kritisch hinterfragt werden. In jenen Publikationen, deren Autor*innen eine gleichstellungsorientierte Perspektive vertreten, wird Geschlecht andererseits jedoch dekonstruiert und es werden konkrete Maßnahmen formuliert, um die Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen von Frauen im Zuge der Digitalisierung zu verbessern.
description: This master's thesis is dedicated to the question of how gender is constructed in the current Austrian discourse on the digitization of work. This question is relevant because technology in general and thus digitization are symbolically interwoven with masculinity. Furthermore, most of the digitization discourse focuses on male-dominated sectors, female-dominated professions are only discussed in exceptional cases. In order to answer the research question, selected publications from the years 2019 to 2021 were analysed. The research has shown that gender is widely constructed in the discourse on digitization of work by reproducing stereotypes about men and women and by ignoring different material living-conditions of the sexes. In those publications whose authors represent a gender-equality-oriented perspective, on the other hand, gender is deconstructed and concrete measures are formulated to improve the working and living conditions of women in the course of digitization.
Budgetary impact analysis of alteplase - recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) - as a thrombolytic treatment for acute ischemic stroke in Colombia
Creators: name: Gil-Rojas, Yaneth
name: Lasalvia, Pieralessandro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Thrombolysis is effective for treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Trials have evaluated its effectiveness at different timepoints after stroke. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical and budgetary impact of increasing the proportion of thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke patients in Colombia. The budgetary impact was estimated for a 5-year time horizon from the perspective of the third-party payer. Costs were estimated using local standardized methods and expressed in US dollars of 2020. We compared two scenarios: a current one and an alternative one, with doubled thrombolysis access The increase in thrombolyzed patients would decrease the number of patients with sequelae by 1,721, 2,594 and 1,007 in the ranges of 0–90 minutes, 91–180 and 181–270, respectively. The budget effort increase for each of the treatment initiation ranges is of USD$15,525,649(+5.5%), USD$16,665,304(+5.7%) and USD$16,963,231(+7.0%), respectively. Doubling the number of patients with AIS who are thrombolyzed would lead to reductions in the number of patients with sequelae and would require a budgetary effort of 5.5–7.0%. The early initiation of treatment gives an additional benefit in reducing the number of sequelae and a lower budgetary impact than initiation within the later time window.
Fabrication and characterization of a lithium-glass-based composite neutron detector
Creators: name: Rich, G. C.
name: Kazkaz, K.
name: Martinez, H. P.
name: Gushue, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel composite, scintillating material intended for neutron detection and composed of small (1.5 mm) cubes of KG2-type lithium glass embedded in a matrix of scintillating plastic has been developed in the form of a 2.2 in.-diameter, 3.1 in.-tall cylindrical prototype loaded with $\left( 5.82 \pm 0.02 \right)\%$ lithium glass by mass. The response of the material when exposed to ${}^{252}$Cf fission neutrons and various $γ$-ray sources has been studied; using the charge-integration method for pulse shape discrimination, good separation between neutron and $γ$-ray events is observed and intrinsic efficiencies of $\left( 1.15 \pm 0.16 \right)\times 10^{-2}$ and $\left( 2.28 \pm 0.21 \right)\times 10^{-4}$ for ${}^{252}$Cf fission neutrons and ${}^{60}$Co $γ$ rays are obtained; an upper limit for the sensitivity to ${}^{137}$Cs $γ$ rays is determined to be $< 3.70 \times 10^{-8}$. The neutron/$γ$ discrimination capabilities are improved in circumstances when a neutron capture signal in the lithium glass can be detected in coincidence with a preceding elastic scattering event in the plastic scintillator; with this coincidence requirement, the intrinsic efficiency of the prototype detector for ${}^{60}$Co $γ$ rays is $\left( 2.42 \pm 0.61 \right)\times 10^{-6}$ while its intrinsic efficiency for unmoderated ${}^{252}$Cf fission neutrons is $\left( 4.31 \pm 0.59 \right)\times 10^{-3}$. Through use of subregion-integration ratios in addition to the coincidence requirement, the efficiency for $γ$ rays from ${}^{60}$Co is reduced to $\left( 7.15 \pm 4.10 \right) \times 10^{-7}$ while the ${}^{252}$Cf fission neutron efficiency becomes $\left( 2.78 \pm 0.38 \right) \times 10^{-3}$.
description: Final results, figures, and text; published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Work productivity among patients with metastatic breast cancer in the United States
Creators: name: Durgapal, Sneha
name: Hanson, Kent
name: Kurosky, Samantha K
name: Kautz, Sharon
name: Sison, Steve
name: Cool, Christina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: To characterize workplace productivity measures in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) using line of therapy (LOT) and first line (1 L) regimen. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using IBM’s MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE) and Health and Productivity Management (HPM) databases. The cohort included patients diagnosed with mBC who initiated 1 L treatment between 2/3/2015 and 6/30/2018. Productivity was measured using days absent from work and short- and long-term disability (STD, LTD) claims by LOT and 1 L regimen (any cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor [CDK4/6i], endocrine monotherapy, chemotherapy only, or other anti-cancer therapy [OACT]). LOT was defined using regimen-based progression. Overall, 548 patients were included; 148, 129, 145, and 126 received endocrine monotherapy, CDK4/6i, chemotherapy only, and OACT, respectively. The rate of LTD increased significantly by 3.1 and 2.6 times from 1 L to second line (2 L) and from 2 L to subsequent lines, respectively. Patients receiving 1 L chemotherapy had 2.4- and 2.7-times odds of using STD and LTD compared to patients receiving 1 L CDK4/6i. Regimen-based disease progression is associated with increased use of STD and LTD. Patients with a 1 L regimen of chemotherapy have significantly higher odds of using STD or LTD than patients using 1 L CDK4/6i.
title: An Interval-Valued Random Forests
Creators: name: Gaona Partida, Paul
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: There is a growing demand for the development of new statistical models and the refinement of established methods to accommodate different data structures. This need arises from the recognition that traditional statistics often assume the value of each observation to be precise, which may not hold true in many real-world scenarios. Factors such as the collection process and technological advancements can introduce imprecision and uncertainty into the data.
For example, consider data collected over a long period of time, where newer measurement tools may offer greater accuracy and provide more information than previous methods. In such cases, it becomes crucial to restructure the data to account for imprecision and incorporate uncertainty into the analysis.
Furthermore, the increasing availability of large datasets has introduced computational challenges in analyzing and processing the data. Representing the data in terms of intervals can help address this uncertainty by reducing the data size or accommodating imprecision. Traditional methods have already embraced this concept, but given the rising popularity of machine learning, it is essential to develop models for interval-valued data within the machine learning framework.
Tree-based methods, in particular, are well-suited for handling interval-valued data due to their robustness to outliers and their nonparametric nature. Therefore, we propose a new model that takes into account the natural structure of the interval-valued data.. These tree-based methods offer improvements over existing models for interval-valued data, providing a framework capable of effectively handling data with uncertainty arising from imprecision or the need for size management.
title: Right wing populism and the impact on COVID-19 mortality in Austria
Creators: name: Pfeifer, Thomas
Year: 2022

description: Diese Arbeit untersucht inwieweit die politische Positionierung der FPÖ, gegen die getroffenen Corona Maßnahmen der österreichischen Regierung, die COVID-19 Mortalität in Österreich beeinflusst hat. Als Datengrundlage für die vorliegende Masterarbeit dienen das FPÖ Wahlergebnis der Nationalratswahl von 2019 (respektive 2017) sowie die Corona Todesrate. Die verwendeten Daten beziehen sich auf die 94 österreichischen Bezirke und sind je nach Verwendung (Querschnitt oder Panel) angepasst. Mit einem Ordinary Least Squares Model wird die Korrelation bestätigt. Damit potentielle Endogenität ausgeschlossen werden kann, wird das Model um eine Instrumental Variable erweitert. Zusätzlich wird ein Difference-In-Difference Model verwendet um die Auswirkungen der politischen Kehrtwende zu untersuchen. Weiters wird basierend auf epidemiologischer und pandemischer Forschung eine Kausalitätskette hergestellt. Alle drei Schätzmethoden zeigen einen hoch signifikanten und positiven Effekt des FPÖ Wahlergebnisses auf die Corona Todesraten. Darüber hinaus wird ein pro-zyklisch stärkerer Anstieg der Todesrate basierend auf dem FPÖ Stimmenanteil nachgewiesen.
description: This thesis examines the effect of FPÖ right wing populism on the COVID-19 mortality in Austria. Therefore the connection between corona death numbers and the FPÖ vote share is analysed with an Ordinary Least Square, an Instrumental Variable and a Difference- In-Difference approach. The underlying data is based on the 94 districts of Austria and is processed for either cross-sectional or panel use. In the cross-sectional case the corona mortality is defined as the aggregated COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 inhabitants up to February 2022. To get a first impression a standard Ordinary Least Square estimation is used. In order to get rid of potential endogeneity an Instrumental Variable model is introduced. For further address of the endogeneity problem the data set is adjusted to a panel setting and a Difference-In-Difference model is introduced. Therefore monthly aggregations of the COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 inhabitants from February 2020 to March 2022 are made. In that regard a point estimate of the FPÖ invoke against the corona measures, starting at the end of April 2020, is made. Further, based on epidemiological and pandemic scientific assessments a chain of causality is provided. All three approaches show a high significant positive effect of the FPÖ vote share on the respective corona death rate. Finally a pro-cyclical stronger increase of the COVID-19 death rate based on the FPÖ vote share is found.
Stellar Population gradients in galaxy discs from the CALIFA survey
Creators: name: Sanchez-Blazquez, P.
name: Rosales-Ortega, F.
name: Mendez-Abreu, J.
name: Perez, I.
name: Sanchez, S. F.
name: Zibetti, S.
name: Aguerri, A.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Catalan, C.
name: Fernandes, R. Cid
name: de Amorim, A.
name: de Lorenzo-Caceres, A.
name: Falcon-Barroso, J.
name: Galazzi, A.
name: Benito, R. Garcia
name: de Paz, A. Gil
name: Delgado, R. Gonzalez
name: Husemann, B.
name: Iglesias-Paramo, Jorge
name: Jungwiert, B.
name: Marino, R. A.
name: Marquez, I.
name: Mast, D.
name: Mendoza, M. A.
name: Molla, M.
name: Papaderos, P.
name: Ruiz-Lara, T.
name: van de Ven, G.
name: Walcher, C. J.
name: Wisotzki, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While studies of gas-phase metallicity gradients in disc galaxies are common, very little has been done in the acquisition of stellar abundance gradients in the same regions. We present here a comparative study of the stellar metallicity and age distributions in a sample of 62 nearly face-on, spiral galaxies with and without bars, using data from the CALIFA survey. We measure the slopes of the gradients and study their relation with other properties of the galaxies. We find that the mean stellar age and metallicity gradients in the disc are shallow and negative. Furthermore, when normalized to the effective radius of the disc, the slope of the stellar population gradients does not correlate with the mass or with the morphological type of the galaxies. Contrary to this, the values of both age and metallicity at $\sim$2.5 scale-lengths correlate with the central velocity dispersion in a similar manner to the central values of the bulges, although bulges show, on average, older ages and higher metallicities than the discs. One of the goals of the present paper is to test the theoretical prediction that non-linear coupling between the bar and the spiral arms is an efficient mechanism for producing radial migrations across significant distances within discs. The process of radial migration should flatten the stellar metallicity gradient with time and, therefore, we would expect flatter stellar metallicity gradients in barred galaxies. However, we do not find any difference in the metallicity or age gradients in galaxies with without bars. We discuss possible scenarios that can lead to this absence of difference.
description: 24 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
title: Das Sprachrepertoire und Spracherleben junger Wiener*innen mit arabischer Familiensprache
Creators: name: Mohamed Abdarahmane, Mariem
Year: 2022

description: Dass Mehrsprachigkeit ein gesamtgesellschaftlich relevantes Thema ist, zeigt sich mit Blick auf die sprachliche Vielfalt in Österreich und insbesondere in Wien. Während linguistische Ansätze in der Vergangenheit davon ausgegangen sind, dass die sprachlichen bzw. kommu-nikativen Kompetenzen einer Person von einem bestimmten Sprachniveau abhängen, wird in jüngerer Zeit zunehmend eine differenzierte Position vertreten. Eine bedeutende Rolle spielt dabei die Sprachrepertoire- und Spracherlebensforschung nach Brigitta Busch. Demzufolge greifen Sprecher*innen im Zuge der sozialen Interaktion bzw. innerhalb eines Gesprächs auf ihr aus einer Vielfalt an diversen sprachlichen Ressourcen bestehendes Repertoire zurück, jedoch stets in Wechselwirkung mit relevanten Erlebnissen und Erfahrungen. Ziel vorliegender Masterarbeit war vor diesem Hintergrund die Erforschung subjektiver Wahrnehmungen und Einstellungen von vier in Wien sozialisierten, jungen Gewährsperso-nen mit arabischer „Familiensprache“ in Hinblick auf (Gebrauchs- respektive Erscheinungs-formen von) Sprachen, die in ihrem Leben von Bedeutung sind. Einen Schwerpunkt dieser Sprachrepertoire- und Spracherlebensforschung bilden die deutsche und arabische Sprache mit den entsprechenden sozialen Bedeutungen, welche diese Sprache aus Sicht der Pro-band*innen indizieren. Als Methode wurde eine inhaltlich strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (nach Kuckartz) von narrativen Interviews gewählt. Ergänzend dazu wurden die Proband*innen gebeten, Sprachenporträts anzufertigen, um die mit beiden Methoden erhobenen Daten mit-einander verknüpfen zu können.
title: Zwischen Kapitalismus, Konsum und Bedürftigkeit: Theorie und Praxis einer solidarökonomischen Ideologie im "Kostnix-Laden"
Creators: name: Rössler, Lisa
Year: 2022

description: Diese Masterarbeit handelt vom Kostnix-Laden, einem sogenannten „Umsonst-Laden“ in Wien Meidling. Der Laden versteht sich als sozialökonomisches Projekt. Hier können Menschen kostenlos Dinge abgeben und mitnehmen. Durch ein reziprokes Tausch- bzw. Gaben-System wird der Kostnix-Laden am Leben gehalten. Ich beschäftige mich in dieser Arbeit mit den Ideologien der Menschen, die im Laden ehrenamtlich mitarbeiten. Kapitalismus- und Gesellschaftskritik sind zentrale Aspekte ihres Aktivismus. Verschiedenen Bedeutungen und Konzepte von Arbeit, Geld und Konsum werden in dieser Arbeit analysiert. Geld und Lohnarbeit werden von den Aktivist*innen als etwas gesehen, dem man sich entziehen möchte. Das damit verbundene Gefühl von Freiheitseinschränkung ist hier von Bedeutung. Die Auslegung des Freiheitsbegriffes führt in der Praxis oft zu internen Konflikten bezüglich des Stellenwertes von Ordnung und Struktur. Zudem wird im Kostnix-Laden versucht Konsum etwas entgegenzusetzen, da dieser eng mit Kapitalismus in Verbindung gebracht und entsprechend kritisch gesehen wird. Während die Motivation der Aktivist*innen hauptsächlich in einer kapitalismuskritischen Einstellung wurzelt, kommen die Besucher*innen des Kostnix-Ladens oft aus ökonomischen Gründen. Manche von ihnen nehmen mehr Gegenstände mit, als die „10-Dinge-Regel“ des Ladens zulässt und/oder verkaufen diese am Flohmarkt weiter. Die Aktivist*innen versuchen durch Aufklärungsarbeit den Besucher*innen einen ihrer Ansicht nach „bewussten“ Konsum näher zu bringen.
title: Stresserleben bei Studierenden in Österreich und dessen Zusammenhang mit psychologischen Anforderungen durch das Studium, zusätzlicher Erwerbstätigkeit, und Covid-19 Maßnahmenphasen
Creators: name: Reitter, Hendrik
Year: 2022

description: Entgegen der intuitiven Meinung vieler zeigen Studierende weltweit ein ausgeprägtes Stresserleben und eine hohe psychische Belastung. Für Studierende österreichischer Hochschulen liegen hierzu jedoch nur begrenzt aussagekräftige Daten vor. Um sich dieser Forschungslücke zu widmen, wurden 2966 Studierende österreichischer Hochschulen im Zeitraum von Dezember 2020 bis Juni 2021 bezüglich ihrer mentalen Gesundheit im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Stress bei Studierenden in Österreich - eine Online-Studie“ befragt. Im Zuge dessen dient die vorliegende Masterarbeit dazu, einen vertiefenden Einblick in die nun verfügbaren Daten zu bieten. Im Fokus steht hierbei die Überprüfung des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Stresserleben von Studierenden und den psychologischen Anforderungen durch das Studium, einer zusätzlichen Erwerbstätigkeit neben dem Studium und den zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung vorliegenden COVID-19 Lockdownphasen. Es zeigte sich für 62.1%, beziehungsweise 72.3%, der befragten Studierenden mindestens ein vorliegendes psychisches Syndrom. Betrachtet man das Stresserleben gaben 57.8% der Teilnehmer*innen ein mittleres Stressausmaß an, 28.9% ein hohes. Für die untersuchte Stichprobe österreichischer Studierenden lag somit ein ausgeprägtes Stresserleben und eine hohe psychische Belastung vor. Vertiefend gingen höhere psychologische Anforderungen durch das Studium mit einem erhöhten Stresserleben der Studierenden einher. Ergänzend ergab sich ein signifikant negativer Zusammenhang zwischen der sozialen Unterstützung durch Dozierende und dem Stresserleben der Studierenden. Ein Interaktionseffekt zwischen den psychologischen Anforderungen durch das Studium und einer sozialen Unterstützung durch Dozierende konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Des Weiteren wiesen Studierende ohne Nebenbeschäftigung leicht höherer Stresswerte auf als Studierende mit Nebenbeschäftigung. In Bezug auf zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung vorliegende COVID-19 Maßnahmenphasen zeigten sich während der Phase der ersten Öffnungsschritte (08.02.21-31.03.21) signifikant geringere Stress- und Depressivitätswerte im Vergleich zu Maßnahmenphasen mit stärkeren Einschränkungen. Die vorliegenden Befunde in Bezug auf die mentale Gesundheit von Studierenden österreichischer Hochschulen verdeutlichen, dass in Anbetracht der erschreckend hohen Prävalenzzahlen eine Auseinandersetzung mit der dargelegten Thematik unabdingbar erscheint. Aufgrund dessen sind zukünftige Studien wünschenswert, um eine bessere Generalisierbarkeit der Studienergebnisse zu ermöglichen.
Determination of the economically justifiable price of cenobamate in the treatment of focal-onset seizures in adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in Spain
Creators: name: Calleja, Miguel Ángel
name: Navarro, Andrés
name: Serratosa, José María
name: Toledo, Manuel
name: Villanueva, Vicente
name: Labazuy, Silvia Subías
name: Gil, Alicia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: To determine the economically justifiable price (EJP) of cenobamate to become a cost-effective alternative compared with third-generation anti-seizure medications in the treatment of focal-onset seizures (FOS) in adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in Spain. Cost-effectiveness analysis compared cenobamate with brivaracetam, perampanel, eslicarbazepine acetate, and lacosamide. Markov model simulation of treatment pathway over a 60-year time horizon is presented. We determined the effectiveness and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of health status and disutilities associated with treatment-related adverse events. Acquisition costs and use of medical resources were obtained from published literature and expert opinion. Base-case of cenobamate’s EJP calculated applying a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of €21,000/QALY. Analyses were performed at different thresholds, including dominant price scenario. Result robustness was assessed through sensitivity analyses. Base-case shows that cenobamate’s daily EJP of €7.30 is cost-effective for a threshold of €21,000/QALY. At a daily price of €5.45, cenobamate becomes dominant over all treatment alternatives producing cost-savings for the national health system (NHS). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of base-case findings. Treatment with cenobamate produces incremental clinical benefit over third-generation ASMs, and at the base-case, EJP could represent a cost-effective option for the adjunctive treatment of FOS in adult patients with DRE in Spain.
title: Vom Gebrauchsgegenstand zum Accessoire?
Creators: name: Ziehenberger, Michael
Year: 2022

description: Wenige Gegenstände wirken in unserer Gesellschaft so aggressiv nach außen, wenige fungieren so deutlich als Symbol für Erfolg und Wohlstand, wie das Auto. Kaum ein anderer Gegenstand ruft jedoch auch ähnlich viel Kritik hervor: Die Rahmenbedingungen für die „Freiheit auf vier Rädern“ haben sich durch gesellschaftliche und damit einhergehend politische Einwände gegen diese Form von Freiheit geändert – ebenso die Sehnsüchte, Bilder, Vorstellungen, die um den Gegenstand kreisen, und nicht zuletzt auch die Anforderungen, die von Konsumierenden an das Auto gestellt werden. Diese Arbeit fragt anhand einer historischen Gegenüberstellung von zwei Automodellen, nämlich dem Fiat respektive Puch 500 und dem Mini in jeweils zwei Epochen, ob sich die Entwicklung des Autokonsums entlang von konsumsoziologischen Überlegungen, die einen Übergang von einer Gesellschaft der Industrie hin zu einer des Konsums annehmen, verstehen lässt: Hat sich der Kleinwagen vom pragmatischen Vehikel, das der Realisierung der angestrebten Massenmotorisierung diente, zu einem Statussymbol verändert? Um diese Frage zu untersuchen, wurde eine interdisziplinär orientierte Perspektive gewählt und dementsprechend methodisch vielseitig vorgegangen: Auf eine kurze Modell-Geschichte des Autos und ihre Einbettung in einen konsumsoziologischen Kontext bauen eine Diskursanalyse von Autozeitungen und eine Inhaltsanalyse von eigens durchgeführten Experteninterviews auf. Die Studie beleuchtet auf diese Weise die österreichische Geschichte des Autokonsums vom Einsetzen der Massenmotorisierung in den 1950er-Jahren bis zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in den 2000er-Jahren.
A general theory of flattened dipolar condensates
Creators: name: Baillie, D.
name: Blakie, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop theory for a flattened dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) produced by harmonic confinement along one direction. The role of both short-ranged contact interactions and long-ranged dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) is considered, and the dipoles are allowed to be polarised along an arbitrary direction. We discuss the symmetry properties of the condensate and the part of the excitation spectrum determining stability, and introduce two effective interaction parameters that allow us to provide a general description of the condensate properties, rotons, and stability. We diagonalize the full theory to obtain benchmark results for the condensate and quasiparticle excitations, and characterize the exact mean field stability of the system. We provide a unified formulation for a number of approximate schemes to describe the condensate and quasiparticles, including the standard quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) approximation, two kinds of variational ansatz, and a Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximation. Some of these schemes have been widely used in the literature despite not being substantiated against the exact theory. We provide this validation and establish the regimes where the various theories perform well.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. Download and extract the gzipped tar source for the attached data files
Simplex and Polygon Equations
Creators: name: Dimakis, Aristophanes
name: Müller-Hoissen, Folkert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A06, 06A07, 52Bxx, 82B23

description: It is shown that higher Bruhat orders admit a decomposition into a higher Tamari order, the corresponding dual Tamari order, and a "mixed order." We describe simplex equations (including the Yang-Baxter equation) as realizations of higher Bruhat orders. Correspondingly, a family of "polygon equations" realizes higher Tamari orders. They generalize the well-known pentagon equation. The structure of simplex and polygon equations is visualized in terms of deformations of maximal chains in posets forming 1-skeletons of polyhedra. The decomposition of higher Bruhat orders induces a reduction of the $N$-simplex equation to the $(N+1)$-gon equation, its dual, and a compatibility equation.
A scoping review on patient heterogeneity in economic evaluations of precision medicine based on basket trials
Creators: name: Nosrati, Marzieh
name: Nikfar, Shekoufeh
name: Hasanzad, Mandana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Considerable challenges in the economic evaluation of precision medicines have been mentioned in previous studies. However, they have not addressed how an economic assessment would be conducted based on basket trials (novel studies for evaluation of precision medicine effects) in which the included populations have specific biomarkers and various cancers. Since basket trial populations have remarkable heterogeneity, this study aims to investigate the concept of heterogeneity and specific method(s) for considering it in economic evaluations through guidelines and studies that could be applicable in economic evaluation based on basket trials. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google to find studies and pharmacoeconomics guidelines. The inclusion criteria included subjects of patient heterogeneity and suggested explicit method(s). Thirty-nine guidelines and 43 studies were included and evaluated. None of these materials mentioned disease types in a target population as a factor causing heterogeneity. Moreover, in economic evaluations, patient heterogeneity has been considered with four general approaches subgroup analysis, individual-based models, sensitivity analysis, and regression models. Type of disease is not considered a contributing factor in population heterogeneity, and the probable appropriate method for this issue could be individual-based models.
title: Using Linked Digital Activity Schedules to Promote Cooperative Thematic Play
Creators: name: Campbell, Vincent E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Previous research has shown that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may struggle to engage in social play, which may impact their willingness to engage in contextually appropriate cooperative play (Koegel et al., 2014). Researchers suggest that activity schedules targeting cooperative play may increase appropriate play for children with ASD (Brodhead et al.,2014; Pellegrino, 2018). However, previous studies did not include opportunities for interactive choice responding or the implementation of generic picture cues during script training. We investigated the impact of a linked digital activity schedule on promoting cooperative thematic play in children with ASD. Six children with ASD engaged in cooperative thematic play scenarios with a peer while utilizing the linked digital activity schedule with time delay prompts. Results indicate that the implementation of the linked digital activity schedule with time delay prompts facilitated appropriate thematic play responding for all participants. However, the intervention did not produce significant evidence of increased novel vocal responses, higher affect, or consistent generalization of contextually appropriate cooperative play to the home setting. Overall, caregivers expressed support for the linked digital activity schedule teaching procedures. These findings suggest that linked digital activity schedules may be an effective approach to promoting cooperative thematic play in children with ASD. However, further research is needed to explore strategies for enhancing the efficacy of this approach for broader developmental outcomes.
Galaxy Cluster Scaling Relations between Bolocam Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Chandra X-ray Measurements
Creators: name: Czakon, N. G.
name: Sayers, J.
name: Mantz, A.
name: Golwala, S. R.
name: Downes, T. P.
name: Koch, P. M.
name: Lin, K. -Y.
name: Molnar, S. M.
name: Moustakas, L. A.
name: Mroczkowski, T.
name: Pierpaoli, E.
name: Shitanishi, J. A.
name: Siegel, S.
name: Umetsu, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present scaling relations between the integrated Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) signal, $Y_{\rm SZ}$, its X-ray analogue, $Y_{\rm X}\equiv M_{\rm gas}T_{\rm X}$, and total mass, $M_{\rm tot}$, for the 45 galaxy clusters in the Bolocam X-ray-SZ (BOXSZ) sample. All parameters are integrated within $r_{2500}$. $Y_{2500}$ values are measured using SZE data collected with Bolocam, operating at 140 GHz at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). The temperature, $T_{\rm X}$, and mass, $M_{\rm gas,2500}$, of the intracluster medium are determined using X-ray data collected with Chandra, and $M_{\rm tot}$ is derived from $M_{\rm gas}$ assuming a constant gas mass fraction. Our analysis accounts for several potential sources of bias, including: selection effects, contamination from radio point sources, and the loss of SZE signal due to noise filtering and beam-smoothing effects. We measure the $Y_{2500}$--$Y_{\rm X}$ scaling to have a power-law index of $0.84\pm0.07$, and a fractional intrinsic scatter in $Y_{2500}$ of $(21\pm7)\%$ at fixed $Y_{\rm X}$, both of which are consistent with previous analyses. We also measure the scaling between $Y_{2500}$ and $M_{2500}$, finding a power-law index of $1.06\pm0.12$ and a fractional intrinsic scatter in $Y_{2500}$ at fixed mass of $(25\pm9)\%$. While recent SZE scaling relations using X-ray mass proxies have found power-law indices consistent with the self-similar prediction of 5/3, our measurement stands apart by differing from the self-similar prediction by approximately 5$σ$. Given the good agreement between the measured $Y_{2500}$--$Y_{\rm X}$ scalings, much of this discrepancy appears to be caused by differences in the calibration of the X-ray mass proxies adopted for each particular analysis.
description: 31 pages, 15 figures, accepted by ApJ 04/11/2015. This version is appreciably different from the original submission: it includes an entirely new appendix, extended discussion, and much of the material has been reorganized
Ramin Yazdaanpanah- Full MSc thesis- Koc University.pdf
Creators: name: Yazdaanpanah, Ramin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nanophotonics
Photonics, optoelectronics and optical communications
Nanomaterials

description: This thesis investigates the optical metasurfaces utilized for lensing (metalens)
 and their potential to integrate with photonic circuits. In recent years, a plethora
 of studies have been done on metalenses, especially in the visible region. However,
 there are still rooms to discover the metalenses working in the mid-IR and ultraviolet
 (UV) spectra. Due to the applications in these regions, from biosensing in mid-IR
 to lithography in UV, the development of metalenses operating in these ranges is
 essential. One aspect of metalenses that requires further investigation is to analyze
 the deviation of the measured focal spot from the simulated value, which can affect
 the focusing quality. As this deviation becomes smaller, a more homogeneous airydisk pattern can be achieved. Unlike the previous studies that have suggested the
 Fresnel number is the only relevant factor for the possible focal shift, we numerically show that for mid-IR metalenses, the numerical aperture (NA) of metalenses
 is an essential parameter to predict the focal spot deviation from the simulated
 value. We also introduce a critical NA (between 0.55-0.65) in which the deviation
 of the simulated and measured focal spot can reach zero value. The other aspect
 of metalenses addressed in this thesis is to find a fine-tuning method to multiply
 the number of focal sites, which is a practical concept for polarization filtering applications. The single-material-base metalenses are numerically investigated in the
 UV regime. Moreover, a design method to have full spatial control on phase, polarization, and focal spots is carefully implemented to attain multifocal metalenses.
 These single-material metalenses are composed of Al2O3 nanoblocks on the Al2O3
 substrates, which can facilitate the fabrication process.
 Finally, by taking advantage of focal shift prediction and multifocal design principle, we propose a metalens-integrated photonic device. On one side of such device,
 a metalens structure is incorporated, and a plasmonic antenna array is patterned on
 its other side. We numerically study this device and show that this new compact
 iv
 design could offer an excellent lens-free illumination mechanism for plasmonic structures. Also, as it is possible to focus the incident light on the plasmonic structure,
 the near field intensity is significantly increased in this device. In addition, utilizing
 multifocal metalenses on the backside also allows us to illuminate multiple chips on
 the surface with different polarization modes. Considering the plasmonic structure
 applications for biosensing purposes, we can increase the sensitivity and selectivity
 of biodetection in these integrated devices while avoiding complicated measurement
 techniques.
Supplementary document for Folded beam path architecture for highly efficient filter-based spectral sensors - 6119806.pdf
Creators: name: Kobylinskiy, Aliaksei
name: Werner, Lukas
name: Kraus, Matthias
name: Hillmer, Hartmut
name: Brunner, Robert
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1: Characteristics of long-pass filters, metal interference filters, LVF calibration, and measurement of HgAr spectral lamp
Diagrammatic $λ$ series for extremely correlated Fermi liquids
Creators: name: Perepelitsky, Edward
name: Shastry, B. Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently developed theory of extremely correlated Fermi liquids (ECFL), applicable to models involving the physics of Gutzwiller projected electrons, shows considerable promise in understanding the phenomena displayed by the $t$-$J$ model. Its formal equations for the Greens function are reformulated by a new procedure that is intuitively close to that used in the usual Feynman-Dyson theory. We provide a systematic procedure by which one can draw diagrams for the $λ$-expansion of the ECFL introduced in Ref. (9), where the parameter $λ\in (0,1)$ counts the order of the terms. In contrast to the Schwinger method originally used for this problem, we are able to write down the $n^{th}$ order diagrams ($O(λ^n)$) directly with the appropriate coefficients, without enumerating all the previous order terms. This is a considerable advantage since it thereby enables the possible implementation of Monte Carlo methods to evaluate the $λ$ series directly. The new procedure also provides a useful and intuitive alternative to the earlier methods.
description: 39 pages, 41 figures
title: The Relationship Between Discipline-Specific Subject Matter Knowledge and Discipline-Specific Science Teaching Efficacy of Elementary Teachers
Creators: name: Ball, Douglas
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Because a teacher's confidence in their ability to teach science is associated with instructional methods and their persistence in the face of challenges, improving science teaching confidence becomes critical for improving science teaching of young children. Science teaching confidence also varies by discipline for elementary teachers: physical science teaching confidence tends to measure lower than life science. This discrepancy leads to elementary teachers engaging in less effective science teaching practices with physical science than life science. A teacher's subject matter knowledge influences their confidence in their ability to teach that subject. Subject matter knowledge impacts science teaching confidence because when teachers understand their content proficiently, they express confidence in their ability to provide students with accurate and meaningful instruction. Both subject matter knowledge and science teaching confidence are specific to disciplines. Understanding the relationship between discipline-specific knowledge and discipline-specific science teaching confidence will aid in developing teacher development training to improve levels of science teaching confidence by improving discipline-specific subject matter knowledge. However, there is currently little research on the relationship between discipline-specific levels of subject matter knowledge and science teaching confidence. This study sought to understand what, if any, relationship exists between discipline-specific subject matter knowledge and discipline-specific science teaching confidence across physical and life sciences for in-service elementary teachers. Teachers took an online survey to assess their knowledge of physical and life science subjects and their confidence in teaching those subjects. Following the survey, eleven teachers were interviewed to understand their perceived sources of discipline-specific science teaching confidence and how they taught life and physical science in their classrooms. Results show that physical and life science subject matter knowledge are predictive factors of physical science teaching confidence. Teachers tend to measure lower in physical science than life science for both subject matter knowledge and confidence in teaching physical science topics. Teachers with low science knowledge and science teaching confidence tend to rely more on district-provided resources and presentations than those with more knowledge and teaching confidence who adapt lessons to meet student needs. Highly confident teachers are also more likely to hold themselves responsible for student learning outcomes.