cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Slow Dynamics in a Two-Dimensional Anderson-Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Lev, Yevgeny Bar
name: Reichman, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the real-time dynamics of a two-dimensional Anderson--Hubbard model using nonequilibrium self-consistent perturbation theory within the second-Born approximation. When compared with exact diagonalization performed on small clusters, we demonstrate that for strong disorder this technique approaches the exact result on all available timescales, while for intermediate disorder, in the vicinity of the many-body localization transition, it produces quantitatively accurate results up to nontrivial times. Our method allows for the treatment of system sizes inaccessible by any numerically exact method and for the complete elimination of finite size effects for the times considered. We show that for a sufficiently strong disorder the system becomes nonergodic, while for intermediate disorder strengths and for all accessible time scales transport in the system is strictly subdiffusive. We argue that these results are incompatible with a simple percolation picture, but are consistent with the heuristic random resistor network model where subdiffusion may be observed for long times until a crossover to diffusion occurs. The prediction of slow finite-time dynamics in a two-dimensional interacting and disordered system can be directly verified in future cold atoms experiments
description: Title change and minor changes in the text
Canonical Energy is Quantum Fisher Information
Creators: name: Lashkari, Nima
name: Van Raamsdonk, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum information theory, Fisher Information is a natural metric on the space of perturbations to a density matrix, defined by calculating the relative entropy with the unperturbed state at quadratic order in perturbations. In gravitational physics, Canonical Energy defines a natural metric on the space of perturbations to spacetimes with a Killing horizon. In this paper, we show that the Fisher information metric for perturbations to the vacuum density matrix of a ball-shaped region B in a holographic CFT is dual to the canonical energy metric for perturbations to a corresponding Rindler wedge R_B of Anti-de-Sitter space. Positivity of relative entropy at second order implies that the Fisher information metric is positive definite. Thus, for physical perturbations to anti-de-Sitter spacetime, the canonical energy associated to any Rindler wedge must be positive. This second-order constraint on the metric extends the first order result from relative entropy positivity that physical perturbations must satisfy the linearized Einstein's equations.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure
Exploitation status and stock assessment by pseudo-cohort analysis of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia)
Creators: name: HADJ TAIEB, Aymen
name: SLEY, Ayda
name: DERBALI, Abdelkarim
name: GHORBEL, Mohamed
name: JARBOUI, Othman
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: The gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, is quite abundant in the Gulf of Gabes, off the south-eastern coast of Tunisia. It is commercially exploited by artisanal gears and trawlers all year round. Catches of gilthead, in the period 2000- 2010 fluctuated between 145.3 t and 241.9 t (except in 2008) with an annual average of 204 t. The analysis of the virtual population of gilthead sea bream in the Gulf of Gabes showed that, in 2008, the stock was subject to a fishing effort (348 t) that passed its capacity (E = 0.61 > 0.5). The biomass (B) estimated to be 850.4 t only tolerated the extraction of 338.4 t (more or less one-third of B). As a result of this over-fishing, the actual stock of gilthead sea bream in the Gulf of Gabes was characterized by individuals having a mean total length of 17.2 cm, a size which is much lower than the one at first sexual maturity (18 cm). The turnover (D/B) being of 54%, it did not allow the reconstitution of the stock. The total removals (626.7 t) due to both natural mortality (M = 0.34) and fishing mortality (F = 0.542) had to be compensated especially by individual growth (529.3 t, 84.46%) because of the low weight of the recruits.
Patient Characteristics Associated With Phone and Video Visits at a Tele-Urgent Care Center During the Initial COVID-19 Response: Cross-Sectional Study
Creators: name: McDaniel, Philip
name: Edson, Barbara
name: Pillai, Malvika
name: Khairat, Saif
name: John, Roshan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: Background Health systems rapidly adopted telemedicine as an alternative health care delivery modality in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic factors, such as age and gender, may play a role in patients’ choice of a phone or video visit. However, it is unknown whether there are differences in utilization between phone and video visits. Objective This study aimed to investigate patients’ characteristics, patient utilization, and service characteristics of a tele-urgent care clinic during the initial response to the pandemic. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of urgent care patients using a statewide, on-demand telemedicine clinic with board-certified physicians during the initial phases of the pandemic. The study data were collected from March 3, 2020, through May 3, 2020. Results Of 1803 telemedicine visits, 1278 (70.9%) patients were women, 730 (40.5%) were aged 18 to 34 years, and 1423 (78.9%) were uninsured. There were significant differences between telemedicine modalities and gender (P<.001), age (P<.001), insurance status (P<.001), prescriptions given (P<.001), and wait times (P<.001). Phone visits provided significantly more access to rural areas than video visits (P<.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that offering patients a combination of phone and video options provided additional flexibility for various patient subgroups, particularly patients living in rural regions with limited internet bandwidth. Differences in utilization were significant based on patient gender, age, and insurance status. We also found differences in prescription administration between phone and video visits that require additional investigation.
The origin of anomalous diffusion in iron mononitride thin films
Creators: name: Tayal, Akhil
name: Gupta, Mukul
name: Gupta, Ajay
name: Rajput, P. R.
name: Stahn, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the origin of a counter intuitive diffusion behavior of Fe and N atoms in a iron mononitride (FeN) thin film. It was observed that in-spite of a larger atomic size, Fe tend to diffuse more rapidly than smaller N atoms. This only happens in the N-rich region of Fe-N phase diagram, in the N-poor regions, N diffusion coefficient is orders of magnitude larger than Fe. Detailed self-diffusion measurements performed in FeN thin films reveal that the diffusion mechanism of Fe and N is different - Fe atoms diffuse through a complex process, which in addition to a volume diffusion, pre-dominantly controlled by a fast grain boundary diffusion. On the other hand N atoms diffuse through a classical volume-type diffusion process. Observed results have been explained in terms of stronger Fe-N (than Fe-Fe) bonds generally predicted theoretically for mononitride compositions of transition metals.
description: 7 Pages, 7 Figures
Membrane-induced Allosteric Control of Phospholipase C-β Isozymes
Creators: name: Charpentier, Thomas H.
name: Barrett, Matthew O.
name: Sondek, John
name: Harden, T. Kendall
name: Waldo, Gary L.
name: Huang, Weigang
name: Zhang, Qisheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: All peripheral membrane proteins must negotiate unique constraints intrinsic to the biological interface of lipid bilayers and the cytosol. Phospholipase C-β (PLC-β) isozymes hydrolyze the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to propagate diverse intracellular responses that underlie the physiological action of many hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. PLC-β isozymes are autoinhibited, and several proteins, including Gαq, Gβγ, and Rac1, directly engage distinct regions of these phospholipases to release autoinhibition. To understand this process, we used a novel, soluble analog of PIP2 that increases in fluorescence upon cleavage to monitor phospholipase activity in real time in the absence of membranes or detergents. High concentrations of Gαq or Gβ1γ2 did not activate purified PLC-β3 under these conditions despite their robust capacity to activate PLC-β3 at membranes. In addition, mutants of PLC-β3 with crippled autoinhibition dramatically accelerated the hydrolysis of PIP2 in membranes without an equivalent acceleration in the hydrolysis of the soluble analog. Our results illustrate that membranes are integral for the activation of PLC-β isozymes by diverse modulators, and we propose a model describing membrane-mediated allosterism within PLC-β isozymes.
Applying Sagitta otolith shape in the discrimination of fish populations Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scorpaenidae) in the Tunisian coasts
Creators: name: TROJETTE, Mouna
name: FATNASSI, Manel
name: BEN ALAYA, Hajer
name: MAHOUACHI, Nour El Houda
name: CHALH, Abdellah
name: QUIGNARD, Jean-Pierre
name: TRABELSI, Monia
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: The aim of this study is to investigate stock discrimination of the Black Scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus (family Scorpaenidae) sampled from three Tunisian stations (Hammam Lif, Rafraf, Djerba). The method used is otolith shape analysis and the paper describes the methodology and the results. The basis of this method is the detection of phenotypic polymorphism between the three populations of fish, between pairs of otoliths from each station and between the pairs of otoliths of different stations. Discriminating analysis was used to illustrate the differences and similarities between the observed groups and optimize the variability existing between them. The interpretation of results shows the presence of three distinct populations with a slight overlap. They show a left-right otolith symmetry for the groups of Hammam Lif and Rafraf unlike that of Djerba which detects an asymmetry. An asymmetry is also detected when comparing otoliths of the same side (RR-LL) between different stations.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages: GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 1 (GLUT1)-MEDIATED GLUCOSE METABOLISM DRIVES A PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE
Creators: name: Macintyre, Andrew N.
name: Freemerman, Alex J.
name: Milner, J. Justin
name: Makowski, Liza
name: Sacks, Gina N.
name: Rathmell, Jeffery C.
name: Troester, Melissa A.
name: Goraksha-Hicks, Pankuri
name: Kirk, Erin L.
name: Johnson, Amy R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Glucose is a critical component in the proinflammatory response of macrophages (MΦs). However, the contribution of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and the mechanisms regulating subsequent glucose metabolism in the inflammatory response are not well understood. Because MΦs contribute to obesity-induced inflammation, it is important to understand how substrate metabolism may alter inflammatory function. We report that GLUT1 (SLC2A1) is the primary rate-limiting glucose transporter on proinflammatory-polarized MΦs. Furthermore, in high fat diet-fed rodents, MΦs in crown-like structures and inflammatory loci in adipose and liver, respectively, stain positively for GLUT1. We hypothesized that metabolic reprogramming via increased glucose availability could modulate the MΦ inflammatory response. To increase glucose uptake, we stably overexpressed the GLUT1 transporter in RAW264.7 MΦs (GLUT1-OE MΦs). Cellular bioenergetics analysis, metabolomics, and radiotracer studies demonstrated that GLUT1 overexpression resulted in elevated glucose uptake and metabolism, increased pentose phosphate pathway intermediates, with a complimentary reduction in cellular oxygen consumption rates. Gene expression and proteome profiling analysis revealed that GLUT1-OE MΦs demonstrated a hyperinflammatory state characterized by elevated secretion of inflammatory mediators and that this effect could be blunted by pharmacologic inhibition of glycolysis. Finally, reactive oxygen species production and evidence of oxidative stress were significantly enhanced in GLUT1-OE MΦs; antioxidant treatment blunted the expression of inflammatory mediators such as PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), suggesting that glucose-mediated oxidative stress was driving the proinflammatory response. Our results indicate that increased utilization of glucose induced a ROS-driven proinflammatory phenotype in MΦs, which may play an integral role in the promotion of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
The most general second-order field equations of bi-scalar-tensor theory in four dimensions
Creators: name: Ohashi, Seiju
name: Tanahashi, Norihiro
name: Kobayashi, Tsutomu
name: Yamaguchi, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Horndeski theory is known as the most general scalar-tensor theory with second-order field equations. In this paper, we explore the bi-scalar extension of the Horndeski theory. Following Horndeski's approach, we determine all the possible terms appearing in the second-order field equations of the bi-scalar-tensor theory. We compare the field equations with those of the generalized multi-Galileons, and confirm that our theory contains new terms that are not included in the latter theory. We also discuss the construction of the Lagrangian leading to our most general field equations.
description: 21 pages
(3897) Sverre Pettersen
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Molecular Mechanism of Substrate Specificity for Heparan Sulfate 2- O -Sulfotransferase
Creators: name: Krahn, Juno M.
name: Pedersen, Lars C.
name: Dou, Wenfang
name: Sheng, Juzheng
name: Hsieh, Po Hung
name: Liu, Chunhui
name: Perera, Lalith
name: Xu, Yongmei
name: Liu, Jian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Heparan sulfate (HS) is an abundant polysaccharide in the animal kingdom with essential physiological functions. HS is composed of sulfated saccharides that are biosynthesized through a complex pathway involving multiple enzymes. In vivo regulation of this process remains unclear. HS 2-O-sulfotransferase (2OST) is a key enzyme in this pathway. Here, we report the crystal structure of the ternary complex of 2OST, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate, and a heptasaccharide substrate. Utilizing site-directed mutagenesis and specific oligosaccharide substrate sequences, we probed the molecular basis of specificity and 2OST position in the ordered HS biosynthesis pathway. These studies revealed that Arg-80, Lys-350, and Arg-190 of 2OST interact with the N-sulfo groups near the modification site, consistent with the dependence of 2OST on N-sulfation. In contrast, 6-O-sulfo groups on HS are likely excluded by steric and electrostatic repulsion within the active site supporting the hypothesis that 2-O-sulfation occurs prior to 6-O-sulfation. Our results provide the structural evidence for understanding the sequence of enzymatic events in this pathway.
Extenting of Babuška-Aziz's theorem to higher-order Lagrange interpolation
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Kenta
name: Tsuchiya, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65D05, 65N30

description: We consider the error analysis of Lagrange interpolation on triangles and tetrahedrons. For Lagrange interpolation of order one, Babuška and Aziz showed that squeezing a right isosceles triangle perpendicularly does not deteriorate the optimal approximation order. We extend their technique and result to higher-order Lagrange interpolation on both triangles and tetrahedrons. To this end, we make use of difference quotients of functions with two or three variables. Then, the error estimates on squeezed triangles and tetrahedrons are proved by a method that is a straightforward extension of the original given by Babuška-Aziz.
description: 13 pages, 1 figures
(3898) Holger Melbye
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(3900) james McBride
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Myosin Vc Interacts with Rab32 and Rab38 Proteins and Works in the Biogenesis and Secretion of Melanosomes
Creators: name: Bultema, Jarred J.
name: Di Pietro, Santiago M.
name: Martin, Faye E.
name: Malenke, Parker B.
name: Dell'Angelica, Esteban C.
name: Cheney, Richard E.
name: Boyle, Judith A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Class V myosins are actin-based motors with conserved functions in vesicle and organelle trafficking. Herein we report the discovery of a function for Myosin Vc in melanosome biogenesis as an effector of melanosome-associated Rab GTPases. We isolated Myosin Vc in a yeast two-hybrid screening for proteins that interact with Rab38, a Rab protein involved in the biogenesis of melanosomes and other lysosome-related organelles. Rab38 and its close homolog Rab32 bind to Myosin Vc but not to Myosin Va or Myosin Vb. Binding depends on residues in the switch II region of Rab32 and Rab38 and regions of the Myosin Vc coiled-coil tail domain. Myosin Vc also interacts with Rab7a and Rab8a but not with Rab11, Rab17, and Rab27. Although Myosin Vc is not particularly abundant on pigmented melanosomes, its knockdown in MNT-1 melanocytes caused defects in the trafficking of integral membrane proteins to melanosomes with substantially increased surface expression of Tyrp1, nearly complete loss of Tyrp2, and significant Vamp7 mislocalization. Knockdown of Myosin Vc in MNT-1 cells more than doubled the abundance of pigmented melanosomes but did not change the number of unpigmented melanosomes. Together the data demonstrate a novel role for Myosin Vc in melanosome biogenesis and secretion.
RECHERCHES EXPERIMENTALES SUR LA DANSE NUPTIALE DE PLATYNEREIS DUMERILll AUDOUIN ET MILNE EDWARDS (ANNÉLIDE POLYCHETE). ORIGINE ET MODALITÉS D'ACTION LA SUBSTANCE EXCITATRICE.
Creators: name: BOILLY-MARER, Yolande
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1969

description: The author demonstrates by means of experiments carried out on more than 500 males and females of swarming Platynereis dumerilii that in this specie, the exciting substance (Boilly-Marer, 1968) which evokes the nuptial dance and the gametes emission is present on the surface of the body, in the coelomic fluid,
but absent of the washed mature gametes; is very little diffused by the Heteronereis; is not specific.
Besides, the importance of the concentration of the exciting substance and of the time of excitation in the reproductive behaviour is shown. The question of the origin and of the action process of the exciting substance and, particularly, of the influence of fertilizin (Lillie, 1913) on the nuptial behaviour
of the Heteronereis, is considered in the light of our results.
One-dimensional symmetry and Liouville type results for the fourth order Allen-Cahn equation in R$^N$
Creators: name: Bonheure, Denis
name: Hamel, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove an analogue of Gibbons' conjecture for the extended fourth order Allen-Cahn equation in R N , as well as Liouville type results for some solutions converging to the same value at infinity in a given direction. We also prove a priori bounds and further one-dimensional symmetry and rigidity results for semilinear fourth order elliptic equations with more general nonlinearities.
Nuclear Factor E2-related Factor-2 (Nrf2) Is Required for NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasome Activation
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhibin
name: Gillette, Devyn D.
name: Wen, Haitao
name: Li, Xinghui
name: Zhao, Changcheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Despite the number of extensive studies on the immune function and signaling of inflammasomes in various diseases, the activating mechanism of inflammasome, especially the NLRP3 inflammasome, is not fully understood. Nuclear factor E2-related Factor-2 (Nrf2), a key transcription factor that regulates cellular redox homeostasis, has been reported to play both protective and pathogenic roles depending on the disease conditions through undefined mechanism. This study reveals an essential role of Nrf2 in inflammasome activation. LPS stimulation increased Nrf2 protein levels in a Myd88-dependent manner. When compared with wild-type controls, Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2−/−) macrophages showed decreased maturation and secretion of caspase-1 and IL-1β and reduced apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) speck formation in response to various NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome stimuli. In contrast, NLRC4 inflammasome activation was not controlled by Nrf2. Biochemical analysis revealed that Nrf2 appeared in the ASC-enriched cytosolic compartment after NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-induced NLRP3 activation also required Nrf2. Nrf2−/− mice showed a dramatic decrease in immune cell recruitment and IL-1β generation in alum-induced peritonitis, which is a typical IL-1 signaling-dependent inflammation animal model. This work discovered a critical proinflammatory effect of Nrf2 by mediating inflammasome activation.
(3895) John Henry Bryson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(3896) Jane Bryson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Probing the Dynamic Distribution of Bound States for Methylcytosine-binding Domains on DNA
Creators: name: Cramer, Jason M.
name: Scarsdale, J. Neel
name: Walavalkar, Ninad M.
name: Ginder, Gordon D.
name: Williams Jr., David C.
name: Buchwald, William A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Although highly homologous to other methylcytosine-binding domain (MBD) proteins, MBD3 does not selectively bind methylated DNA, and thus the functional role of MBD3 remains in question. To explore the structural basis of its binding properties and potential function, we characterized the solution structure and binding distribution of the MBD3 MBD on hydroxymethylated, methylated, and unmethylated DNA. The overall fold of this domain is very similar to other MBDs, yet a key loop involved in DNA binding is more disordered than previously observed. Specific recognition of methylated DNA constrains the structure of this loop and results in large chemical shift changes in NMR spectra. Based on these spectral changes, we show that MBD3 preferentially localizes to methylated and, to a lesser degree, unmethylated cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides (CpGs), yet does not distinguish between hydroxymethylated and unmethylated sites. Measuring residual dipolar couplings for the different bound states clearly shows that the MBD3 structure does not change between methylation-specific and nonspecific binding modes. Furthermore, residual dipolar couplings measured for MBD3 bound to methylated DNA can be described by a linear combination of those for the methylation and nonspecific binding modes, confirming the preferential localization to methylated sites. The highly homologous MBD2 protein shows similar but much stronger localization to methylated as well as unmethylated CpGs. Together, these data establish the structural basis for the relative distribution of MBD2 and MBD3 on genomic DNA and their observed occupancy at active and inactive CpG-rich promoters.
Perceptions and experiences of daily and long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM in India
Creators: name: Dubé, Karine
name: Agarwal, Harsh
name: Pamilerin, Oluwamuyiwa
name: Hill, Lauren M.
name: Knoble, Abigail
name: Núñez, Ivania
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2024

description: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention strategy with high efficacy. An increased willingness to use PrEP among at-risk Indian men who have sex with men (MSM) population has been reported; however, little is known about their real experiences that guide their key motivators, facilitators, and barriers with using oral and Long-Acting (LA) Injectable PrEP. We recruited participants (n = 18) through active MSM social media networks. The interviews were conducted using teleconferencing software. Interview topics included participants’ sources of knowledge, experiences accessing daily PrEP, safe-sex behaviors while on PrEP, barriers and facilitators around PrEP, long-term goals with PrEP, perceptions around LA PrEP, and discussion around decision-making to switch from oral PrEP to LA PrEP. Transcripts were coded according to interview topics, and key themes were analyzed using a topical data analysis approach. Participants (median age 28 years, ranging from 18 to 40) reported a high perceived risk of HIV. This increased perceived risk was a key motivator for oral PrEP uptake. Most participants shared that they accessed PrEP through non-profit organizations serving the MSM community, where doctor consultations and medication were either free or subsidized. Even when participants reported high adherence to oral PrEP, they expressed discontent with the requirement to take it daily. High condom usage was reported concomitantly with PrEP use among most participants, except for a few who preferred bareback sex. Participants shared that they would prefer to continue PrEP until they are in a monogamous, exclusive relationship. The cost and affordability remained recurring themes, and while participants could afford oral PrEP, they wished it was cheaper, making it more accessible to the community at large. Most participants did not have prior knowledge of LA injectable PrEP but welcomed the intervention, alluding to cost and availability as the key decision-making factors affecting switching. MSM from India we interviewed adopted oral PrEP as an additional HIV prevention strategy to condoms through non-profit and private channels. Cost and broader access remains a concern among the MSM community. More acceptability research about long-acting PrEP is needed among MSM in the Indian context, and it is recommended for government interventions to include oral PrEP groups at higher risk of HIV acquisition.
State-space formulation of scalar Preisach hysteresis model for rapid computation in time domain
Creators: name: Ruderman, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A state-space formulation of classical scalar Preisach model (CSPM) of hysteresis is proposed. The introduced state dynamics and memory interface allow to use the state equation, which is rapid in calculation, instead of the original Preisach equation. The main benefit of the proposed modeling approach is the reduced computational effort which requires only a single integration over the instantaneous line segment in the Preisach plane. Numerical evaluations of the computation time and model accuracy are provided in comparison to the CSPM which is taken as a reference model.
On absence of bound states for weakly attractive $δ^\prime$-interactions supported on non-closed curves in $\mathbb{R}^2$
Creators: name: Jex, Michal
name: Lotoreichik, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Λ\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ be a non-closed piecewise-$C^1$ curve, which is either bounded with two free endpoints or unbounded with one free endpoint. Let $u_\pm|_Λ\in L^2(Λ)$ be the traces of a function $u$ in the Sobolev space $H^1({\mathbb R}^2\setminus Λ)$ onto two faces of $Λ$. We prove that for a wide class of shapes of $Λ$ the Schrödinger operator $\mathsf{H}_ω^Λ$ with $δ^\prime$-interaction supported on $Λ$ of strength $ω\in L^\infty(Λ;\mathbb{R})$ associated with the quadratic form \[ H^1(\mathbb{R}^2\setminusΛ)\ni u \mapsto \int_{\mathbb{R}^2}\big|\nabla u \big|^2 \mathsf{d} x - \int_Λω\big| u_+|_Λ- u_-|_Λ\big|^2 \mathsf{d} s \] has no negative spectrum provided that $ω$ is pointwise majorized by a strictly positive function explicitly expressed in terms of $Λ$. If, additionally, the domain $\mathbb{R}^2\setminusΛ$ is quasi-conical, we show that $σ(\mathsf{H}_ω^Λ) = [0,+\infty)$. For a bounded curve $Λ$ in our class and non-varying interaction strength $ω\in\mathbb{R}$ we derive existence of a constant $ω_* > 0$ such that $σ(\mathsf{H}_ω^Λ) = [0,+\infty)$ for all $ω\in (-\infty, ω_*]$; informally speaking, bound states are absent in the weak coupling regime.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures
Regulation of Large Conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + (BK) Channel β1 Subunit Expression by Muscle RING Finger Protein 1 in Diabetic Vessels
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoli
name: Chai, Qiang
name: Willis, Monte S.
name: Shen, Win Kuang
name: Lee, Hon Chi
name: Wang, Huan
name: Lu, Tong
name: Yi, Fu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel, expressed abundantly in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), is a key determinant of vascular tone. BK channel activity is tightly regulated by its accessory β1 subunit (BK-β1). However, BK channel function is impaired in diabetic vessels by increased ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent BK-β1 protein degradation. Muscle RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1), a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, is implicated in many cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. However, the role of MuRF1 in the regulation of vascular BK channel and coronary function has not been examined. In this study, we hypothesized that MuRF1 participated in BK-β1 proteolysis, leading to the down-regulation of BK channel activation and impaired coronary function in diabetes. Combining patch clamp and molecular biological approaches, we found that MuRF1 expression was enhanced, accompanied by reduced BK-β1 expression, in high glucose-cultured human coronary SMCs and in diabetic vessels. Knockdown of MuRF1 by siRNA in cultured human SMCs attenuated BK-β1 ubiquitination and increased BK-β1 expression, whereas adenoviral expression of MuRF1 in mouse coronary arteries reduced BK-β1 expression and diminished BK channel-mediated vasodilation. Physical interaction between the N terminus of BK-β1 and the coiled-coil domain of MuRF1 was demonstrated by pulldown assay. Moreover, MuRF1 expression was regulated by NF-κB. Most importantly, pharmacological inhibition of proteasome and NF-κB activities preserved BK-β1 expression and BK-channel-mediated coronary vasodilation in diabetic mice. Hence, our results provide the first evidence that the up-regulation of NF-κB-dependent MuRF1 expression is a novel mechanism that leads to BK channelopathy and vasculopathy in diabetes.
Variable Neighborhood Search for solving Bandwidth Coloring Problem
Creators: name: Matic, Dragan
name: Kratica, Jozef
name: Filipovic, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.6; I.2.8
subject: 90C59, 68T20, 05C15

description: This paper presents a variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm for solving bandwidth coloring problem (BCP) and bandwidth multicoloring problem (BMCP). BCP and BMCP are generalizations of the well known vertex coloring problem and they are of a great interest from both theoretical and practical points of view. Presented VNS combines a shaking procedure which perturbs the colors for an increasing number of vertices and a specific variable neighborhood descent (VND) procedure, based on the specially designed arrangement of the vertices which are the subject of re-coloring. By this approach, local search is split in a series of disjoint procedures, enabling better choice of the vertices which are addressed to re-color. The experiments show that proposed method is highly competitive with the state-of-the-art algorithms and improves 2 out of 33 previous best known solutions for BMCP.
Teaching Social Media as an Interdisciplinary Experiential Program Supplemental Material.docx
Creators: name: Alhouti, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication technology and digital media studies

description: The Interdisciplinary Social Media Fellowship design and implementation helped students learn by managing a brand’s social media presence. In this program, students from multiple disciplines followed a framework that defines their roles and incorporates internal and external stakeholders in a process that ensures interdisciplinary learning. The program creates a win-win situation for the university and the students: students benefit through experiential and interdisciplinary learning, while the university produces engaging content relevant to various stakeholders.
Targeting O -Glycosyltransferase (OGT) to Promote Healing of Diabetic Skin Wounds
Creators: name: Berkowitz, Paula
name: Rubenstein, David S.
name: Bektas, Meryem
name: Runage, Kasper
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Non-healing wounds are a significant source of morbidity. This is particularly true for diabetic patients, who tend to develop chronic skin wounds. O-GlcNAc modification of serine and threonine residues is a common regulatory post-translational modification analogous to protein phosphorylation; increased intracellular protein O-GlcNAc modification has been observed in diabetic and hyperglycemic states. Two intracellular enzymes, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-polypeptide β-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc-selective N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (OGA), mediate addition and removal, respectively, of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from intracellular protein substrates. Alterations in O-GlcNAc modification of intracellular proteins is linked to diabetes, and the increased levels of protein O-GlcNAc modification observed in diabetic tissues may in part explain some of the observed underlying pathophysiology that contributes to delayed wound healing. We have previously shown that increasing protein O-GlcNAc modification by overexpression of OGT in murine keratinocytes results in elevated protein O-GlcNAc modification and a hyperadhesive phenotype. This study was undertaken to explore the hypothesis that increased O-GlcNAc modification of cellular proteins in diabetic skin could contribute to the delayed wound healing observed in patients with diabetic skin ulcers. In the present study, we show that human keratinocytes cultured under hyperglycemic conditions display increased levels of O-GlcNAc modification as well as a delay in the rate of wound closure in vitro. We further show that specific knockdown of OGT by RNA interference (RNAi) reverses this effect, thereby opening up the opportunity for OGT-targeted therapies to promote wound healing in diabetic patients.
The use of video surveys, a Geographic Information System and sonar backscatter data to study faunal community dynamics at Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vents
Creators: name: DURAND, Sébastien
name: LE BEL, Marlène
name: JUNIPER, S. Kim
name: LEGENDRE, Pierre
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2002

Abstract
(3892) Jane [Jeannie] Pollock MacFarlane Bryson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Teaching Social Media as an Interdisciplinary Experiential Program Supplemental Material.docx
Creators: name: Under Review, Anonymous
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Communication technology and digital media studies

description: The Interdisciplinary Social Media Fellowship design and implementation helped students learn by managing a brand’s social media presence. In this program, students from multiple disciplines followed a framework that defines their roles and incorporates internal and external stakeholders in a process that ensures interdisciplinary learning. The program creates a win-win situation for the university and the students: students benefit through experiential and interdisciplinary learning, while the university produces engaging content relevant to various stakeholders.
On the Blaschke's Conjecture
Creators: name: Su, Xiaole
name: Sun, Hongwei
name: Wang, Yusheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20

description: The Blaschke's conjecture asserts that if $\diam(M)=\text{Inj}(M)=\frac\pi2$ (up to a rescaling) for a complete Riemannian manifold $M$, then $M$ is isometric to $\Bbb S^n(\frac12)$, ${\Bbb R\Bbb P}^{n}$, ${\Bbb C\Bbb P}^{n}$, ${\Bbb H\Bbb P}^{n}$ or ${\Bbb Ca\Bbb P}^{2}$ endowed with the canonical metric. In the paper, we prove that the conjecture is true if we in addition assume that $\sec_M\geq1$.
description: 6 pages
The Interaction of Integrin α IIb β 3 with Fibrin Occurs through Multiple Binding Sites in the α IIb β-Propeller Domain
Creators: name: Gorkun, Oleg V.
name: Yakovlev, Sergiy
name: Ugarova, Tatiana P.
name: Yakubenko, Valentin P.
name: Wang, Xu
name: Podolnikova, Nataly P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The currently available antithrombotic agents target the interaction of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) with fibrinogen during platelet aggregation. Platelets also bind fibrin formed early during thrombus growth. It was proposed that inhibition of platelet-fibrin interactions may be a necessary and important property of αIIbβ3 antagonists; however, the mechanisms by which αIIbβ3 binds fibrin are uncertain. We have previously identified the γ370–381 sequence (P3) in the γC domain of fibrinogen as the fibrin-specific binding site for αIIbβ3 involved in platelet adhesion and platelet-mediated fibrin clot retraction. In the present study, we have demonstrated that P3 can bind to several discontinuous segments within the αIIb β-propeller domain of αIIbβ3 enriched with negatively charged and aromatic residues. By screening peptide libraries spanning the sequence of the αIIb β-propeller, several sequences were identified as candidate contact sites for P3. Synthetic peptides duplicating these segments inhibited platelet adhesion and clot retraction but not platelet aggregation, supporting the role of these regions in fibrin recognition. Mutant αIIbβ3 receptors in which residues identified as critical for P3 binding were substituted for homologous residues in the I-less integrin αMβ2 exhibited reduced cell adhesion and clot retraction. These residues are different from those that are involved in the coordination of the fibrinogen γ404–411 sequence and from auxiliary sites implicated in binding of soluble fibrinogen. These results map the binding of fibrin to multiple sites in the αIIb β-propeller and further indicate that recognition specificity of αIIbβ3 for fibrin differs from that for soluble fibrinogen.
(3893) Isabella Bryson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Testing Universality in Critical Exponents: the Case of Rainfall
Creators: name: Deluca, Anna
name: Puig, Pedro
name: Corral, Alvaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the key clues to consider rainfall as a self-organized critical phenomenon is the existence of power-law distributions for rain-event sizes. We have studied the problem of universality in the exponents of these distributions by means of a suitable statistic whose distribution is inferred by several variations of a permutational test. In contrast to more common approaches, our procedure does not suffer from the difficulties of multiple testing and does not require the precise knowledge of the uncertainties associated to the power-law exponents. When applied to seven sites monitored by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program the test lead to the rejection of the universality hypothesis, despite the fact that the exponents are rather close to each other.
Model flocks in a steady vortical flow
Creators: name: Baggaley, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We modify the standard Vicsek model to clearly distinguish between intrinsic noise due to imperfect alignment between organisms, and extrinsic noise due to fluid motion. We then consider the effect of a steady vortical flow, the Taylor Green vortex, on the dynamics of the flock, for various flow speeds, with a fixed intrinsic particle speed. We pay particular attention to the morphology of the flow, and quantify its filamentary. Strikingly, above a critical flow speed there is a pronounced increase in the filamentarity of the flock, when compared to the zero flow case. This is due to the fact that particles appear confined to areas of low vorticity; a familiar phenomena, commonly seen in the clustering of inertial particles in vortical flows. Hence the cooperative motion of the particles gives them an effective inertia, which is seen to have a profound effect on the morphology of the flock, in the presence of external fluid motion. Finally we investigate the angle between the flow and the particles direction of movement and find it follows a power law distribution.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E