cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Online learning amid Covid-19 pandemic: students' experience and satisfaction
Creators: name: Thach, Pham
name: Lai, Phuong
name: Nguyen, Vinh
name: Nguyen, Hai
Publisher: name: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society
Year: 2021

description: and learning to online mode. This had huge impact on the students, especially for those who had not been used to being online for learning before. This mixed methods study utilized correlation, factor analysis and multiple regression techniques to identify significant predictors of students’ satisfaction with online learning in a higher education institution in Vietnam amid COVID-19 Pandemic. The study results show that learners’ interaction with content, peers and instructors correlated to and predicted student satisfaction. The study also indicated that although students valued the chance to be online for learning during the historic time, they viewed that interaction was limited and instructors should improve online teaching pedagogy. These findings provide learners, teachers and curriculum developers with new insights into learner interaction and its relation to course contents, teaching pedagogy and learning satisfaction in an Asian context.
description: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, Vol 17 No 1 (2021): Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society - Regular Issue N. 1/2021
Middle powers in new arenas : understanding Canada's Arctic policy
Creators: name: Khan, Mohammad Morad Hossain
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Do middle powers side with status quo powers or rising/revisionist powers in new arenas of international cooperation and conflict? This research focuses on a case study of how Canada as a middle power manages its Arctic policy between the United States (US), the established superpower, and China, the rising and revisionist superpower, in its Arctic governance. Relatively little attention is given to the general question of how a middle power in the international system behaves in a new context. Does Canada feel threatened by China in its Arctic policy? Or does Canada want to be neutral between the US and China in its Arctic policy so that Canada does not need to take a side? Or might Canada feel threatened by the US in the current era? To determine which of the hypotheses is the true situation, primary data through semi-structured interviews of Canadian elite policymakers have been collected. This research finds evidence for the argument that Canada feels threatened by China’s Arctic policy and activities because China’s behaviour, investments, increasing influence, and its Russia connection in the Arctic go against the national interests of Canada. Canada generally seeks to follow a rules-based international system under the US. This means that Canada is a strong supporter of the current international order in which Canada feels secure and from which it derives benefits. Other middle or small powers as well as Arctic states, such as Denmark and Sweden, also play similar roles. This research finds evidence that middle powers generally tend to balance against a rising superpower because China seeks to revise the existing world order, which goes against middle and other powers such as Canada, Denmark, and Sweden. Therefore, they side with the US for security reasons in this age of the New Cold War. The Canadian case and the other two examples demonstrate that middle powers, due to their interests and security, generally tend to balance against a rising superpower in the international system.
Adults’ motives and barriers of participation in mixed and asynchronous learning training programs
Creators: name: Mavropoulos, Azarias
name: Pampouri, Anastasia
name: Kiriatzakou, Konstantina
Publisher: name: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society
Year: 2021

description: This paper explores the motives, barriers and the facilitators of adults’ participation in two training programs, organized by the Center of Training and Lifelong Learning (KE.DI.VI.M.) of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. 215 trainees completed the questionnaire in the first program, entitled ‘Training of Lifelong Learning Adult Trainers’, while 70 students having attended the second program ‘Vocational Education and Training: Specialization of Adult Executives, Teachers and Trainers’ completed the questionnaire. It was found that the professional and personal development are the main reasons for participating in training. Regarding the barriers, the situational and institutional ones are the most important factors for non-participation in the training. Regarding the facilitators to participation in training, distance learning, recognition of certifications acquired from participation to training programs, salary’s improvement and dissemination of seminars taking place are the main facilitators for participating in lifelong learning programs.
description: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, Vol 17 No 1 (2021): Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society - Regular Issue N. 1/2021
Can the L3C Spur Private Foundation Program-Related Investment?
Creators: name: Xia, Edward
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2013

description: The L3C, a modified form of the LLC, is a new hybrid entity that has been formed in several states. Its major aim is to facilitate capital-raising for social causes in both non-profit and for-profit sectors. In order to accomplish this, the L3C must attract significant program-related investments (“PRIs”), which are investments private foundations can make that further the foundation’s social mission, and thus do not subject the foundation to a variety of penalty taxes. This Note argues, however, that the L3C will not cause private foundations to make significantly more PRIs. The IRS standard for PRIs requires private foundations to make a case-by-case determination of the nature of the investment, which L3C legislation does not respond to. Additionally, expenditure-responsibility requirements impose on private foundations a level of due diligence that is at odds with L3C advocates’ claims of a more streamlined decision-making process for making PRIs into L3Cs. Federal legislation is necessary to make the L3C more effective in spurring PRI, but such legislation is unlikely to be passed.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 1
Turbulence and the formation of filaments, loops and shock fronts in NGC 1275 in the Perseus Galaxy Cluster
Creators: name: Falceta-Goncalves, D.
name: Pino, E. M. de Gouveia Dal
name: Gallagher, J. S.
name: Lazarian, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC1275, the central galaxy in the Perseus cluster, is the host of gigantic hot bipolar bubbles inflated by AGN jets observed in the radio as Perseus A. It presents a spectacular $Hα$-emitting nebulosity surrounding NGC1275, with loops and filaments of gas extending to over 50 kpc. The origin of the filaments is still unknown, but probably correlates with the mechanism responsible for the giant buoyant bubbles. We present 2.5 and 3-dimensional MHD simulations of the central region of the cluster in which turbulent energy, possibly triggered by star formation and supernovae (SNe) explosions is introduced. The simulations reveal that the turbulence injected by massive stars could be responsible for the nearly isotropic distribution of filaments and loops that drag magnetic fields upward as indicated by recent observations. Weak shell-like shock fronts propagating into the ICM with velocities of 100-500 km/s are found, also resembling the observations. The isotropic outflow momentum of the turbulence slows the infall of the intracluster medium, thus limiting further starburst activity in NGC1275. As the turbulence is subsonic over most of the simulated volume, the turbulent kinetic energy is not efficiently converted into heat and additional heating is required to suppress the cooling flow at the core of the cluster. Simulations combining the MHD turbulence with the AGN outflow can reproduce the temperature radial profile observed around NGC1275. While the AGN mechanism is the main heating source, the supernovae are crucial to isotropize the energy distribution.
description: accepted by ApJ Letters
Wilf's Conjecture
Creators: name: De Angelis, Valerio
name: Marcello, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B73

description: In a Note in this Monthly, Klazar raised the question of whether the alternating sum of the Stirling numbers of the second kind $B^\pm(n)=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^kS(n,k)$ is ever zero for $n\neq 2$. In this article, we present an exposition of the history of this problem, and an economical account of a recent proof that there is at most one $n\neq 2$ for which $B^\pm(n)=0$.
description: 19 page, 1 figure
The effect of a Training Program based on Open Educational Resources on the Teachers Online Professional Development and their Attitudes towards it of AL-Dakhliya Governorate in Sultanate of Oman
Creators: name: Shemy, Nader
name: Al-Habsi, Maida
Publisher: name: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society
Year: 2021

description: This study aimed at investigating the effect of a training program based on OER on the professional development of AlDakhlia Governorate teachers. The study also investigated the teachers’ attitudes towards this form of training using an experimental research method. The training program was prepared as an interactive lecture presentation for 3 days of training; one session per day for 2 hours. The educational content was available on the SHMS platform and then the experiment was implemented on 40 teachers, where 20 teachers were in the experimental group and the other 20 teachers were in the control group with professional years of experience ranged between 5 and 10 years. The results showed the significant role of the OER platforms in teachers' professional development in the form of an increase e in the level of knowledge and teaching skills. Also, the participated teachers' positive attitudes towards the online professional development indicated that these OER environments are rich in knowledge and cooperative activities. Generally speaking, these OER platforms encourage teachers to keep up with their professional development and self-learning throughout their career life.
description: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, Vol 17 No 1 (2021): Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society - Regular Issue N. 1/2021
Destined for Failure? An Analysis of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009
Creators: name: Margolis, Sara
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2013

description: In 2010, Congress enacted the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (“BPCIA”) as part of the large health care reform bill. The BPCIA creates a statutory pathway for FDA approval of “biosimilars”––which are generic versions of biologic drugs. Congress expects this new approval pathway for biosimilars to help lower biologics prices, just as generic drugs have significantly lowered pharmaceutical prices. This Note argues that, for three main reasons, the BPCIA will not succeed in lowering drug prices to the same degree that generic pharmaceuticals have. First, biosimilars are more expensive to develop than generic pharmaceutical drugs. Manufacturers will be hesitant to enter the biosimilars market, leading to less competition. Second, biosimilars will struggle more than generics to capture market share from the branded drug. Third, lengthy exclusivity periods awarded to the branded biologic and the first interchangeable biosimilar will substantially delay biosimilar market entry. This Note then concludes with suggestions for improving the BPCIA, both through potential amendments and regulatory process.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 1
The use of online learning environments in higher education as a response to the confinement caused by COVID-19
Creators: name: Martínez, Fredy
name: Jacinto, Edwar
name: Montiel, Holman
Publisher: name: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society
Year: 2021

description: In Colombia, a developing country, higher education has a gross coverage rate of about 40% (supply concerning the entire population). However, although this value is low, ten years ago this rate barely exceeded 20%. The increase in coverage is largely due to a policy that has promoted training by cycles. This model allows education by levels with the granting of professional degrees at each stage, which allows for rapid employment. Even so, places are limited, particularly for medium and low economic levels (which concentrate the majority of the population), and access to them in public universities (those with state-funded enrolment) is very restricted. Access to education is a major concern for institutions and the state, in particular for vulnerable social groups, and has been further depressed by the security and control measures implemented to slow down the spread of the COVID-19 virus. In a short time, and with limited resources, institutions have had to adapt their models to guarantee continuity and quality in academic processes. In this context, digital platforms have come to play a fundamental role by allowing access while reducing social interaction. However, the use of these platforms implies the development of specific learning environments adapted to academic, economic, and social conditions. This paper explores the design, development, and impact of some of these learning environments in the process of technological training of students from low economic strata in the most important public university in the Colombian capital...
description: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, Vol 17 No 1 (2021): Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society - Regular Issue N. 1/2021
Flooding Causes Dramatic Compositional Shifts and Depletion of Putative Beneficial Bacteria on the Spring Wheat Microbiota
Creators: name: Francioli, Davide
name: Cid, Geeisy
name: Kanukollu, Saranya
name: Ulrich, Andreas
name: Hajirezaei, Mohammad-Reza
name: Kolb, Steffen
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: plant-microbe interactions
subject: flooding
subject: metabarcoding
subject: bacteria
subject: spring wheat
subject: plant traits
subject: 570 Biologie

description: Flooding affects both above- and below-ground ecosystem processes, and it represents a substantial threat for crop and cereal productivity under climate change. Plant-associated microbiota play a crucial role in plant growth and fitness, but we still have a limited understanding of the response of the crop-microbiota complex under extreme weather events, such as flooding. Soil microbes are highly sensitive to abiotic disturbance, and shifts in microbial community composition, structure and functions are expected when soil conditions are altered due to flooding events (e.g., anoxia, pH alteration, changes in nutrient concentration). Here, we established a pot experiment to determine the effects of flooding stress on the spring wheat-microbiota complex. Since plant phenology could be an important factor in the response to hydrological stress, flooding was induced only once and at different plant growth stages (PGSs), such as tillering, booting and flowering. After each flooding event, we measured in the control and flooded pots several edaphic and plant properties and characterized the bacterial community associated to the rhizosphere and roots of wheat plant using a metabarcoding approach. In our study, flooding caused a significant reduction in plant development and we observed dramatic shifts in bacterial community composition at each PGS in which the hydrological stress was induced. However, a more pronounced disruption in community assembly was always shown in younger plants. Generally, flooding caused a (i) significant increase of bacterial taxa with anaerobic respiratory capabilities, such as members of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota, (ii) a significant reduction in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, (iii) depletion of several putative plant-beneficial taxa, and (iv) increases of the abundance of potential detrimental bacteria. These significant differences in community composition between flooded and control samples were correlated with changes in soil conditions and plant properties caused by the hydrological stress, with pH and total N as the soil, and S, Na, Mn, and Ca concentrations as the root properties most influencing microbial assemblage in the wheat mircobiota under flooding stress. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the role of flooding on restructuring the spring wheat microbiota, and highlighted the detrimental effect of this hydrological stress on plant fitness and performance.
Quantum field theory solution for a short-range interacting SO(3) quantum spin-glass
Creators: name: da Conceição, C. M. S.
name: Marino, E. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quenched disordered magnetic system, which is obtained from the 2D SO(3) quantum Heisenberg model, on a square lattice, with nearest neighbors interaction, by taking a Gaussian random distribution of couplings centered in an antiferromagnetic coupling, $\bar J>0$ and with a width $ΔJ$. Using coherent spin states we can integrate over the random variables and map the system onto a field theory, which is a generalization of the SO(3) nonlinear sigma model with different flavors corresponding to the replicas, coupling parameter proportional to $\bar J$ and having a quartic spin interaction proportional to the disorder ($ΔJ$). After deriving the CP$^1$ version of the system, we perform a calculation of the free energy density in the limit of zero replicas, which fully includes the quantum fluctuations of the CP$^1$ fields $z_i$. We, thereby obtain the phase diagram of the system in terms of ($T, \bar J, ΔJ$). This presents an ordered antiferromagnetic (AF) phase, a paramagnetic (PM) phase and a spin-glass (SG) phase. A critical curve separating the PM and SG phases ends at a quantum critical point located between the AF and SG phases, at T=0. The Edwards-Anderson order parameter, as well as the magnetic susceptibilities are explicitly obtained in each of the three phases as a function of the three control parameters. The magnetic susceptibilities show a Curie-type behavior at high temperatures and exhibit a clear cusp, characteristic of the SG transition, at the transition line. The thermodynamic stability of the phases is investigated by a careful analysis of the Hessian matrix of the free energy. We show that all principal minors of the Hessian are positive in the limit of zero replicas, implying in particular that the SG phase is stable.
description: To appear in Nucl. Phys B [FS], 16 pages, 6 figures
Beyond Securities Fraud
Creators: name: He, David
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2013

description: In Morrison v. National Australia Bank, the Supreme Court sent a clear signal that the presumption against extraterritorial application of federal legislation must be construed seriously going forward. The Court then adopted a transaction-based approach to resolving claims brought under the antifraud provision of the Exchange Act, focusing almost exclusively on the place of the transaction. In the months after the decision, practitioners and academics alike directed much of their attention––and criticism––on the impact it would have on private securities litigations. This Note posits that the real significance of Morrison lies in its application beyond securities law. Indeed, in the two and a half years since the decision, Morrison has been raised by defendants seeking to dismiss claims brought under the RICO Act, the Alien Tort Statute, the Torture Act, the Lanham Act, the Sherman Act, and the Anti-Retaliation Provision of the Dodd-Frank Act, to name a few. The use of Morrison to limit claims beyond securities fraud is troubling for several reasons. First, finding a clear expression of extraterritorial effect in the language and context of a statute is an inherently subjective exercise. Different courts have applied, and will continue to apply, inconsistent standards concerning similar statutes. Second, the transaction-based approach, which acts as a bright-line test in cases involving exchange-traded securities, may not be so readily adapted under a wholly different set of law and facts. As a result, courts that agree on a statute’s lack of extraterritorial effect may nonetheless disagree regarding its extension to reach a claim. Finally, many of the policy rationales for limiting the cross-border application of the Exchange Act do not so readily extend to other statutes. This Note examines the application of Morrison both inside and outside of securities law. It then makes a case against extending Morrison, and suggests steps that Congress may take to provide greater clarity for the courts.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 1
The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31
Creators: name: McConnachie, Alan W.
name: Irwin, Michael J.
name: Ibata, Rodrigo A.
name: Dubinski, John
name: Widrow, Lawrence M.
name: Martin, Nicolas F.
name: Cote, Patrick
name: Dotter, Aaron L.
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: Ferguson, Annette M. N.
name: Puzia, Thomas H.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Babul, Arif
name: Barmby, Pauline
name: Bienayme, Olivier
name: Chapman, Scott C.
name: Cockcroft, Robert
name: Collins, Michelle L. M.
name: Fardal, Mark A.
name: Harris, William E.
name: Huxor, Avon
name: Mackey, A. Dougal
name: Penarrubia, Jorge
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Richer, Harvey B.
name: Siebert, Arnaud
name: Tanvir, Nial
name: Valls-Gabaud, David
name: Venn, Kimberly A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In hierarchical cosmological models, galaxies grow in mass through the continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these systems is expected to result in loosely bound stars surrounding the galaxy, at distances that reach $10 - 100$ times the radius of the central disk. The number, luminosity and morphology of the relics of this process provide significant clues to galaxy formation history, but obtaining a comprehensive survey of these components is difficult because of their intrinsic faintness and vast extent. Here we report a panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We detect stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31. An improved census of their surviving counterparts implies that three-quarters of M31's satellites brighter than $M_V < -6$ await discovery. The brightest companion, Triangulum (M33), is surrounded by a stellar structure that provides persuasive evidence for a recent encounter with M31. This panorama of galaxy structure directly confirms the basic tenets of the hierarchical galaxy formation model and reveals the shared history of M31 and M33 in the unceasing build-up of galaxies.
description: Published in Nature. Supplementary movie available at https://www.astrosci.ca/users/alan/PANDAS/Latest%20news%3A%20movie%20of%20orbit.html
The extent of South African schools’ preparedness to counteract 4IR challenges: learners’ perspectives
Creators: name: Sikhakhane, Munyaradzi
name: Govender, Samantha
name: Maphalala, Mncedisi Christian
Publisher: name: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society
Year: 2021

description: The aim of this paper was to explore learners’ perspectives on how their schools are preparing them to prosper in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era which is powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Taking cognisance of the learners’ perspectives on how South African schools are preparing them is essential for enabling the education fraternity to ascertain its level of effectiveness and efficiency hence improving its state of readiness to face the challenges of the 4IR. Therefore, the exploration of the level of preparedness, in line with 4IR challenges, can assist educational policy makers and planners to be more proactive and craft mechanisms to ameliorate the obstacles and discrepancies inhibiting the acquisition of the 21st century educational competences and skills. Employing a qualitative paradigm, semi-structured focus group interviews were used to solicit data from a sample of 30 grade 10 and 11 learners. Findings reveal that computer technology was irregularly and insignificantly used indicating that South African schools are highly ineffective in dispensing grade-appropriate skills thus producing ill-prepared learners to prosper in the 4IRworld of work.
description: Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, Vol 17 No 1 (2021): Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society - Regular Issue N. 1/2021
Shadow Banking and Financial Distress
Creators: name: Ondersma, Chrystin
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2013

description: Despite the panic in the money market in 2008 that required a $3 trillion Treasury guarantee to stave off a full-fledged run on money market funds, Dodd-Frank did not shut down shadow banking, nor did it make shadow banking safe. After Dodd-Frank, distressed financial institutions are subject to a number of conflicting legal regimes, one of which continues to be the Bankruptcy Code. This Article is the first to suggest that the Bankruptcy Code in its current form does not adequately account for the unique nature of claims in the money market (or “money-claims”). Investors in the money market are similar to depositors in a traditional bank—individuals, corporations, and municipalities store funds that will need to be used in the near term for payroll, municipal services, or other operational needs. In other words, money market investors make short-term loans for the purpose of cash management rather than investment. Because of this crucial difference between money-claims and ordinary debt obligations, defaults on money-claims are uniquely problematic—corporations may not be able to make payroll or pay suppliers; municipalities may be forced to cut planned services. This Article explains the treatment of money-claims under the current bankruptcy rules, argues that these rules exacerbate the risks associated with money-claims in the shadow banking sector, and proposes that bankruptcy rules be altered to better reflect the unique nature of money-claims. Specifically, it proposes an abbreviated stay for money-claimants as well as an alternative opportunity for prompt payment of money-claims.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 1
Controlling Alzheimer's Disease Through the Deep Brain Stimulation to Thalamic Relay Cells
Creators: name: Yang, XiaoLi
name: Zhang, RuiXi
name: Sun, ZhongKui
name: Kurths, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: neurocomputation
subject: power spectrum analysis
subject: thalamo-cortico-thalamic model
subject: deep brain stimulation
subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the technique of deep brain stimulation (DBS) plays a potential role in the regulation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet it still desires for ongoing studies including clinical trials, theoretical approach and action mechanism. In this work, we develop a modified thalamo-cortico-thalamic (TCT) model associated with AD to explore the therapeutic effects of DBS on AD from the perspective of neurocomputation. First, the neuropathological state of AD resulting from synapse loss is mimicked by decreasing the synaptic connectivity strength from the Inter-Neurons (IN) neuron population to the Thalamic Relay Cells (TRC) neuron population. Under such AD condition, a specific deep brain stimulation voltage is then implanted into the neural nucleus of TRC in this TCT model. The symptom of AD is found significantly relieved by means of power spectrum analysis and nonlinear dynamical analysis. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of DBS on AD are systematically examined in different parameter space of DBS. The results demonstrate that the controlling effect of DBS on AD can be efficient by appropriately tuning the key parameters of DBS including amplitude A, period P and duration D. This work highlights the critical role of thalamus stimulation for brain disease, and provides a theoretical basis for future experimental and clinical studies in treating AD.
Revisiting the Middle Palaeolithic site Volkringhauser Höhle (North Rhine- Westphalia, Germany)
Creators: name: Tafelmaier, Yvonne
Publisher: name: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit
Year: 2021

description: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit, Bd. 58 (2011): Quartär. Internationales Jahrbuch zur Eiszeitalter- und Steinzeitforschung
On the validity of nonlinear Alfven resonance in space plasmas
Creators: name: Clack, C. T. M.
name: Ballai, I.
name: Ruderman, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the approximation of linear dissipative magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) it can be shown that driven MHD waves in magnetic plasmas with high Reynolds number exhibit a near resonant behaviour if the frequency of the wave becomes equal to the local Alfven (or slow) frequency of a magnetic surface. This near resonant behaviour is confined to a thin region, known as the dissipative layer, which embraces the resonant magnetic surface. Although driven MHD waves have small dimensionless amplitude far away from the resonant surface, this near-resonant behaviour in the dissipative layer may cause a breakdown of linear theory. Our aim is to study the nonlinear effects in the Alfven dissipative layer. In the present paper, the method of simplified matched asymptotic expansions developed for nonlinear slow resonant waves is used to describe nonlinear effects inside the Alfven dissipative layer. The nonlinear corrections to resonant waves in the Alfven dissipative layer are derived and it is proved that at the Alfven resonance (with isotropic/anisotropic dissipation) wave dynamics can be described by the linear theory with great accuracy.
description: A&A accepted for publication
A Precedent Built On Sand
Creators: name: Goldberg, Victor P.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2013

description: Under the common law, a contracting party could only demand assurance of performance if the other party was insolvent. If a party had reasonable grounds for insecurity, the UCC Section 2-609 allowed it to demand adequate assurance even if the counterparty were solvent. The Restatement (Second) adopted the same rule for non-goods. In NorCon v. Niagara Mohawk the New York court extended the adequate assurance doctrine for some non-goods contracts. Although the decision seems to imply that there is some relation between the NorCon facts and its conclusion as to the law, there is none. Relying primarily on material available to the court, this paper examines the contract, the context in which it was written, and the events precipitating Niagara Mohawk’s insecurity. While Niagara Mohawk’s insecurity was no doubt justified—NorCon would almost certainly have walked away from its obligation for the last ten years of the contract—the assurance question had been a major issue in negotiating this contract, and in similar contracts involving Niagara Mohawk and other public utilities.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 1
Self-organization in Turbulent Molecular Clouds: Compressional versus Solenoidal Modes
Creators: name: Kritsuk, Alexei G.
name: Ustyugov, Sergey D.
name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Padoan, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use three-dimensional numerical simulations to study self-organization in supersonic turbulence in molecular clouds. Our numerical experiments describe decaying and driven turbulent flows with an isothermal equation of state, sonic Mach numbers from 2 to 10, and various degrees of magnetization. We focus on properties of the velocity field and, specifically, on the level of its potential (dilatational) component as a function of turbulent Mach number, magnetic field strength, and scale. We show how extreme choices of either purely solenoidal or purely potential forcing can reduce the extent of the inertial range in the context of periodic box models for molecular cloud turbulence. We suggest an optimized forcing to maximize the effective Reynolds number in numerical models.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure; ASTRONUM-2009 "Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows", Chamonix, France, July 2009, ASP Conf. Proc., in press
Comment: A European Perspective on the Institutional Dimensions of Antitrust Adjudication
Creators: name: Bellis, Jean-François
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2013

description: Jean-François Bellis, A European Perspective on the Institutional Dimensions of Antitrust Adjudication, 2013 Colum. Bus.L. Rev. 28.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 1
Shape of Pion Distribution Amplitude
Creators: name: Radyushkin, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scenario is investigated in which the leading-twist pion distribution amplitude phi_pi (x) is approximated by the pion decay constant f_pi for all essential values of the light-cone fraction x. A model for the light-front wave function Psi(x,k_perp) is proposed that produces such a distribution amplitude and has a rapidly decreasing (exponential for definiteness) dependence on the light-front energy combination k_perp^2/x(1-x). It is shown that this model easily reproduces the fit of recent large-Q^2 BaBar data on the photon-pion transition form factor. Some aspects of scenario with flat pion distribution amplitude are discussed.
description: References added, typos fixed, one figure added, some minor changes in text
Antitrust and the Judicial Virtues
Creators: name: Crane, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2013

description: Although commentators frequently debate how judges should decide antitrust cases substantively, little attention has been paid to theories of judicial virtue in antitrust decision making. This essay considers four pairings of virtues: (1) striving for substantive purity versus conceding to institutional realism; (2) incrementalism versus generalism; (3) presenting a unified face versus candidly conceding differences among judges on an appellate panel; and (4) adhering strictly to stare decisis versus freely updating precedents to reflect evolving economic learning or conditions. While recognizing the complexities that sometimes pull judges in the opposite direction, this Article gives the nod to institutional realism, incrementalism, candor, and relatively unconstrained updating of precedent.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 1
Syzygium samarangense 补充文件
Creators: name: zhang, junyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300403
subject: Agronomy

description: 这是关于二倍体蜡苹果（Syzygium samarangense，确定了调节其果实发育的NAC基因。
Introduction: The Institutional Dimensions of Antitrust Adjudication
Creators: name: Rooney, William H.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2013

description: William H. Rooney, Introduction: The Institutional Dimensions of Antitrust Adjudication: Exploring the Bases of Judicial Decision Making in the United States and Europe, 2013 Colum. Bus.L. Rev.i.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 1
Branching of periodic orbits in reversible hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Buzzi, Claudio
name: Roberto, Luci Any
name: Teixeira, Marco Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C27

description: This paper deals with the dynamics of time-reversible Hamiltonian vector fields with 2 and 3 degrees of freedom around an elliptic equilibrium point in presence of symplectic involutions. The main results discuss the existence of one-parameter families of reversible periodic solutions terminating at the equilibrium. The main techniques used are Birkhoff and Belitskii normal forms combined with the Liapunov-Schmidt reduction.
description: 22 pages
Acceleration and Energy Loss in N=4 SYM
Creators: name: Chernicoff, Mariano
name: Guijosa, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a brief overview of the results obtained in arXiv:0803.3070, concerning the rate of energy loss of an accelerating quark in strongly-coupled N=4 super-Yang-Mills, both at zero and finite temperature. For phenomenological purposes, our main result is that, when a quark is created within the plasma together with its corresponding antiquark, the quark starts feeling the plasma only after the q-\bar{q} separation becomes larger than the (v-dependent) screening length, and from this point on the motion is correctly described by the analytic energy loss formula previously derived by Herzog et al. and Gubser within the stationary or late-time approximations. The present text is a slightly expanded version of two talks given at the XIII Mexican School of Particles and Fields in October 2008.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, references added
The role of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease
Creators: name: Radisavljevic, Nina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Non-motor symptoms including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and mood disorders (such as depression) are also particularly common. GI symptoms include constipation, and PD patients display altered gut microbiota composition. Evidence in animal models points towards a potential causal role for the microbiota in mediating PD pathology. However, the constipation, medication use, and lifestyle habits of PD patients can also be expected to change microbiota composition. In this thesis, I explore the role of the gut microbiota in PD, in terms of the degree that it is shaped by the disease state and its ability to mediate disease symptoms. Using a transgenic mouse model of PD that displays motor deficits, GI dysfunction, and behavioral alterations, I assessed how broad alterations to the gut microbiota impacted the motor and non-motor phenotype. I found that both depletion of the microbiota through antibiotics, and a shift towards a healthy wild-type mouse microbiota, had a minimal impact on the PD-like symptoms. This suggested that the PD-like transgenic state of this model may drive the disease phenotype to a greater extent than the microbiota. Similarly, I demonstrated that the decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae and decreased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospira observed in PD patients may be a result of constipation by treating PD mice with laxatives that reversed these shifts. Lachnospiraceae abundance was also found to be decreased by treatment of this model with the PD medications L-DOPA and carbidopa. Conversely, different antibiotic treatment regimens were able to shift the microbial community and alter GI transit time in PD mice. Specific bacterial taxa, such as Lachnospiraceae (Ruminococcus), were associated with transit time – indicating a potential to treat PD constipation via the microbiota. Furthermore, treatment of PD mice with PD medications had a beneficial effect on constipation and depression-like behavior, potentially through increasing the abundance of Turicibacter and promoting butyrate production. This thesis demonstrates that certain PD-associated microbiota alterations may be a result of slowed GI transit or the presence of medications. However, specific shifts to the gut microbiota may in turn mediate non-motor symptoms in PD.
PAndAS' cubs: discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies
Creators: name: Martin, Nicolas F.
name: McConnachie, Alan W.
name: Irwin, Mike
name: Widrow, Lawrence M.
name: Ferguson, Annette M. N.
name: Ibata, Rodrigo A.
name: Dubinski, John
name: Babul, Arif
name: Chapman, Scott
name: Fardal, Mark
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Navarro, Julio
name: Rich, R. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of two new dwarf galaxies, Andromeda XXI and Andromeda XXII, located in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies (M31 and M33). These discoveries stem from the first year data of the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS), a photometric survey of the M31/M33 group conducted with the Megaprime/MegaCam wide-field camera mounted on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Both satellites appear as spatial overdensities of stars which, when plotted in a color-magnitude diagram, follow metal-poor, [Fe/H]=-1.8, red giant branches at the distance of M31/M33. Andromeda XXI is a moderately bright dwarf galaxy (M_V=-9.9+/-0.6), albeit with low surface brightness, emphasizing again that many relatively luminous M31 satellites still remain to be discovered. It is also a large satellite, with a half-light radius close to 1 kpc, making it the fourth largest Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxy after the recently discovered Andromeda XIX, Andromeda II and Sagittarius around the Milky Way, and supports the trend that M31 satellites are larger than their Milky Way counterparts. Andromeda XXII is much fainter (M_V=-6.5+/-0.8) and lies a lot closer in projection to M33 than it does to M31 (42 vs. 224 kpc), suggesting that it could be the first Triangulum satellite to be discovered. Although this is a very exciting possibility in the context of a past interaction of M33 with M31 and the fate of its satellite system, a confirmation will have to await a good distance estimate to confirm its physical proximity to M33. Along with the dwarf galaxies found in previous surveys of the M31 surroundings, these two new satellites bring the number of dwarf spheroidal galaxies in this region to 20.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ; v2: minor typographical corrections
A Counterintuitive Reform: The Inherent Hindrance to Proxy Access in Rule 14a-8’s Pipeline
Creators: name: Wertman, Gabriella
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Proxy access, a mechanism through which shareholders can place director nominees on the company’s proxy materials at the company’s expense, is an invaluable tool of corporate governance intended to keep boards accountable to their shareholders. Recognizing the necessity of granting shareholders this power in the aftermath of the financial crisis, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated Rule 14a-11, which granted certain shareholders the right to place director nominees on the corporate ballot. However, in the wake of the Business Roundtable challenge and the subsequent D.C. Circuit court of Appeals decision to vacate Rule 14a-11, proxy access for shareholders is now only available through the private ordering system of Rule 14a-8. This Note systematically analyzes whether shareholder-sponsored proxy access proposals can operate efficiently within Rule 14a-8’s framework and its existing common law. Although Rule 14a-8 is meant to equip shareholders with a vehicle to implement proxy access, this Note argues that shareholders will be unable to reap the benefits of proxy access unless the SEC takes concerted action to clarify how the rule will apply to proxy access proposals. The current application of Rule 14a-8 common law to proxy access proposals results in an easy-to-manipulate, systematic advantage for management that will effectually strip shareholders of any meaningful opportunity to express their preferences on the rules governing shareholder access to the ballot. Additionally, the lack of SEC clarification with respect to this issue is not only counterproductive to the intended reform, but also compromises the system as a whole and places its functionality for this purpose in serious question. This Note identifies inherent issues that came to light after the 2012 proxy season regarding the application of the private ordering system to proxy access. In this manner, it attempts to provide the framework for certain critical decisions the SEC will face before the next proxy season and encourages action by the SEC Commissioner to clarify for the staff, shareholders, and corporations that proxy access is unique and will operate differently within Rule 14a-8 than other shareholder proposals.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 3
Rebuilding the Fallen House of Cards: A New Approach to Regulating Credit Rating Agencies
Creators: name: Schmid, Olivia
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2012

description: The financial crisis highlighted key problems in the structure and business model of credit rating agencies (“CRAs”). With the growth of securitization and innovative, structured finance products, the inherent conflicts of interest present in the issuer-pays model followed by CRAs became even more problematic, as rating agencies faced greater competitive pressures to appease their clients—the issuers of debt—than they did when they were rating only corporate bonds. Both the United States and the EU responded to these concerns with enhanced regulation. In the Dodd-Frank Act, the United States mandated a study on the advantages of the so-called “Franken Proposal,” which would create a centralized government platform to assign issuers to rating agencies on a randomized basis. This Note evaluates the Franken Proposal and its alternatives, rejecting them in favor of a new proposal, which consists of three primary elements: (1) a requirement that issuers obtain a vote from their largest institutional investors, the outcome of which would determine which CRA the issuer hires; (2) the creation of a governmental agency or a self-regulatory organization that evaluates and ranks the performance of individual CRAs; and (3) a requirement that issuers obtain a second rating from a better-performing CRA when they choose to hire one whose performance has proven inadequate for a particular asset class. Requiring issuers to hire a rating agency chosen by voting investors ensures that CRAs will compete for the favor of investors rather than the conflicted issuers. To help investors make educated voting decisions, a ranking of rating agency performance will give investors standardized information about the quality of the CRAs. By requiring issuers who initially purchase a rating from a low-performing CRA to buy a second rating from a better-performing CRA, the penalty provision ensures that business will be diverted to the most efficient rating agencies. This Note concludes that the new proposal is therefore a better solution than the Franken Proposal for the conflict of interest problem faced by CRAs.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012 No. 3