cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Experimental investigation of tuite stability in peridotite bulk and its role in the Earth’s phosphorus cycle
Creators: name: Jaseem, Vazhakuttiyakam
name: Pausch, Tristan
name: Withers, Anthony C
name: Joachim-Mrosko, Bastian
name: Konzett, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Ca-phosphates play a vital role in the global phosphorus, halogen and incompatible trace element cycle. During subduction, apatite, which is the most abundant terrestrial Ca-phosphate, breaks down to form tuite [γ-Ca3(PO4)2] at depths of ~220-270 km. Whereas previous studies have already explored the stability and phase relations of Ca-phosphates and their capacity to carry phosphorus and incompatible trace elements to depths of approx. 550 km, no such data are available so far for the P-T range corresponding to the upper-to-lower mantle transition.

In this study, multi-anvil experiments were performed at 15 to 25 GPa and 1600 to 2000 °C using a spinel lherzolite doped with 3wt% synthetic β-Ca3(PO4)2, selected incompatible trace elements and halogens as starting material. In this bulk tuite breaks down at or near the solidus between 1750 and 1800°C at 15 GPa and between 1600 and 1700°C at 25 GPa, yielding a negative slope of the tuite-out reaction(s). This indicates that tuite can be stable to depths of at least ~750 km in subduction zone P-T regimes and along the ACMA, allowing a potential stability in convecting mantle. Phases coexisting with tuite include bridgmanite, Ca-perovskite, majoritic garnet, ringwoodite, forsterite, clinoenstatite, ferropericlase, and melt. In the absence of tuite at 20 GPa, the major phosphorus carriers are melt and majoritic garnet. Beyond the stability of majoritic garnet and tuite, and for a bulk P content of 5800 µg/g, Ca-perovskite and bridgmanite are the major mineral hosts for phosphorus that can incorporate ~1400 µg/g and ~87-131 µg/g, respectively.
Conformational Heterogeneity and FRET Data Interpretation for Dimensions of Unfolded Proteins
Creators: name: Song, Jianhui
name: Gomes, Gregory-Neal
name: Shi, Tongfei
name: Gradinaru, Claudiu C.
name: Chan, Hue Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A mathematico-physically valid formulation is required to infer properties of disordered protein conformations from single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET). Conformational dimensions inferred by conventional approaches that presume a homogeneous conformational ensemble can be unphysical. When all possible---heterogeneous as well as homogeneous---conformational distributions are taken into account without prejudgement, a single value of average transfer efficiency $\langle E\rangle$ between dyes at two chain ends is generally consistent with highly diverse, multiple values of the average radius of gyration $\langle R_{\rm g}\rangle$. Here we utilize unbiased conformational statistics from a coarse-grained explicit-chain model to establish a general logical framework to quantify this fundamental ambiguity in smFRET inference. As an application, we address the long-standing controversy regarding the denaturant dependence of $\langle R_{\rm g}\rangle$ of unfolded proteins, focusing on Protein L as an example. Conventional smFRET inference concluded that $\langle R_{\rm g}\rangle$ of unfolded Protein L is highly sensitive to [GuHCl], but data from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) suggested a near-constant $\langle R_{\rm g}\rangle$ irrespective of [GuHCl]. Strikingly, the present analysis indicates that although the reported $\langle E\rangle$ values for Protein L at [GuHCl] = 1 M and 7 M are very different at 0.75 and 0.45, respectively, the Bayesian $R^2_{\rm g}$ distributions consistent with these two $\langle E\rangle$ values overlap by as much as $75\%$. Our findings suggest, in general, that the smFRET-SAXS discrepancy regarding unfolded protein dimensions likely arise from highly heterogeneous conformational ensembles at low or zero denaturant, and that additional experimental probes are needed to ascertain the nature of this heterogeneity.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures; 4 supporting figures. Accepted for publication in Biophysical Journal (content same as v2)
Geometrical thermodynamics and P-V criticality of the black holes with power-law Maxwell field
Creators: name: Hendi, S. H.
name: Panah, B. Eslam
name: Panahiyan, S.
name: Talezadeh, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermodynamical structure of Einstein black holes in the presence of power Maxwell invariant nonlinear electrodynamics for two different cases. The behavior of the temperature and conditions regarding the stability of these black holes are investigated. Since the language of geometry is an effective method in general relativity, we concentrate on the geometrical thermodynamics to build a phase space for studying phase transition. In addition, taking into account the denominator of the heat capacity, we use the proportionality between cosmological constant and thermodynamical pressure to extract the critical values for these black holes. Besides, the effects of the variation of different parameters on thermodynamical structure of these black holes are investigated. In addition, some thermodynamical properties such as volume expansion coefficient, speed of sound and isothermal compressibility coefficient are calculated and some remarks regarding these quantities are given.
description: 18 pages with 12 captioned figures. Published version
Mobile impurities in integrable models
Creators: name: Campbell, Andrew S.
name: Gangardt, Dimitri M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a mobile impurity or depleton model to study elementary excitations in one-dimensional integrable systems. For Lieb-Liniger and bosonic Yang-Gaudin models we express two phenomenological parameters characterising renormalised inter- actions of mobile impurities with superfluid background: the number of depleted particles, $N$ and the superfluid phase drop $πJ$ in terms of the corresponding Bethe Ansatz solution and demonstrate, in the leading order, the absence of two-phonon scattering resulting in vanishing rates of inelastic processes such as viscosity experienced by the mobile impurities
description: 25 pages, minor corrections made to the manuscript
Transient dynamics of 2D-FG porous microplates under moving loads using higher order finite element model
Creators: name: Karamanli, A
name: Eltaher, MA
name: Thai, S
name: Vo, Thuc
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4016
subject: Materials engineering
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
classificationCode: 4005
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: No description supplied.
Network of sensitive magnetometers for urban studies
Creators: name: Bowen, T. A.
name: Zhivun, E.
name: Wickenbrock, A.
name: Dumont, V.
name: Bale, S. D.
name: Pankow, C.
name: Dobler, G.
name: Wurtele, J. S.
name: Budker, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic signature of an urban environment is investigated using a geographically distributed network of fluxgate magnetometers deployed in and around Berkeley, California. The system hardware and software are described and results from initial operation of the network are reported. The sensors sample the vector magnetic field with a 4 kHz resolution and are sensitive to fluctuations below 0.1 $\textrm{nT}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$. Data from separate stations are synchronized to around $\pm100$ $μ{s}$ using GPS and computer system clocks. Data from all sensors are automatically uploaded to a central server. Anomalous events, such as lightning strikes, have been observed. A wavelet analysis is used to study observations over a wide range of temporal scales up to daily variations that show strong differences between weekend and weekdays. The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is identified as the most dominant signal from these observations and a superposed epoch analysis is used to study and extract the BART signal. Initial results of the correlation between sensors are also presented.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures
Colloid-oil-water-interface interactions in the presence of multiple salts: charge regulation and dynamics
Creators: name: Everts, Jeffrey C.
name: Samin, Sela
name: Elbers, Nina. A.
name: van der Hoeven, Jessi E. S.
name: van Blaaderen, Alfons
name: van Roij, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically and experimentally investigate colloid-oil-water-interface interactions of charged, sterically stabilized, poly(methyl-methacrylate) colloidal particles dispersed in a low-polar oil (dielectric constant $ε=5-10$) that is in contact with an adjacent water phase. In this model system, the colloidal particles cannot penetrate the oil-water interface due to repulsive van der Waals forces with the interface whereas the multiple salts that are dissolved in the oil are free to partition into the water phase. The sign and magnitude of the Donnan potential and/or the particle charge is affected by these salt concentrations such that the effective interaction potential can be highly tuned. Both the equilibrium effective colloid-interface interactions and the ion dynamics are explored within a Poisson-Nernst-Planck theory, and compared to experimental observations.
description: 13+2 pages, 5+3 figures; V2: small clarifications in the text
title: Stable antimony isotope fractionation during surface alteration of primary ores
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Andreas B.
name: Lazarov, Marina
name: Weyer, Stefan
name: Majzlan, Juraj
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The orogenic Sb-Au deposits near Pezinok, located in the Malé Karpaty Mts. (Slovakia), were mined until 1992. Ores were extracted by flotation with low recovery rates, resulting in mining waste with large amounts of Sb. Exposed to surface conditions primary Sb(III) minerals got oxidized and formed secondary Sb(V) phases. This change in Sb oxidation state is associated with Sb isotope fractionation indicating oxidative weathering conditions during their formation. δ123Sb values of weathering products and precursor minerals were determined in-situ using a deep UV-femtosecond laser ablation system coupled with MC-ICP-MS and are reported relative to NIST 3102a using a protocol as described in [1].

Supergene products occur in two forms at Pezinok with different precipitation kinetics. Brandholzite (MgSb25+(OH)12·6H2O), the occurrence of which is restricted to samples with massive stibnite, formed large crystals with abundant stibnite inclusions. Its textural close association with stibnite and their similar δ123Sb (median = 0.31 ‰stibnite vs. 0.25 ‰brandholzite) indicates quantitative dissolution of stibnite and quantitative, likely rapid, precipitation as brandholzite. Contrary, tripuhyite (FeSb5+O4), that does not show a close association with potential precursors, displays a ~0.8 ‰ isotopic range and likely formed over decades in the mine tailings. This is consistent with Rayleigh fractionation in an open system, which depends strongly on (1) amount of leached stibnite and (2) redox changes during transport and formation. Thus, δ123Sb could be used as tool to understand the evolution of antimony deposits from initially reduced to more oxidizing supergene conditions.

[1] Kaufmann et al. (2021), JAAS. 36, 1554-1567.
title: Effects of water level rise on the dynamic behavior of land uplift in abandoned mines, Germany
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Mir Ahmad
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The terrain elevation changes resulting from the rising water level caused by stopping dewatering or flooding in abandoned mines area can damage surface construction or make the surface area useless. Estimation up to 2051 depicts a rise in uplift velocity between 0.5–3.0 mm/year and noticeably a total uplift of up to 300 mm.

This study used the system dynamics approach to identify the variable interaction, analyze the managerial decisions, establish a comprehensive model to consider land uplift's dynamic deformation and provide a mathematical relationship based on the causality relationship loop diagrams. Six sub-model of Casual-Loop Diagrams (CLD) are considered, including the effect of dynamic interaction of groundwater extraction, vertical & horizontal stress, land usage, pumping costs, and the impact of water pollution and effective stress on the land uplift rate for the next 100 years. As a result, increasing the groundwater pollution in abandoned mine areas caused to increase in the land uplift rate. Furthermore, a 2°C rise in the average temperature in the area of study (Wasserprovinz Haus Aden area, Germany) reduces the groundwater level in abandoned mines by about 19%, which causes to decline in the total land uplift by around 4.3%—furthermore, increasing of 10% in rainfall results in about 12% increase in the land uplift rate.

Such CLDs define dynamic interaction between the numerous variables and simulate the uplift trend throughout nonlinear feedback loops, illustrating the result of any managerial decision and regulating the new decisions in case of need.
The AAA algorithm for rational approximation
Creators: name: Nakatsukasa, Yuji
name: Sète, Olivier
name: Trefethen, Lloyd N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A20, 65D15

description: We introduce a new algorithm for approximation by rational functions on a real or complex set of points, implementable in 40 lines of Matlab and requiring no user input parameters. Even on a disk or interval the algorithm may outperform existing methods, and on more complicated domains it is especially competitive. The core ideas are (1) representation of the rational approximant in barycentric form with interpolation at certain support points and (2) greedy selection of the support points to avoid exponential instabilities. The name AAA stands for "adaptive Antoulas--Anderson" in honor of the authors who introduced a scheme based on (1). We present the core algorithm with a Matlab code and nine applications and describe variants targeted at problems of different kinds. Comparisons are made with vector fitting, RKFIT, and other existing methods for rational approximation.
A Near-Optimal Sampling Strategy for Sparse Recovery of Polynomial Chaos Expansions
Creators: name: Alemazkoor, Negin
name: Meidani, Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compressive sampling has become a widely used approach to construct polynomial chaos surrogates when the number of available simulation samples is limited. Originally, these expensive simulation samples would be obtained at random locations in the parameter space. It was later shown that the choice of sample locations could significantly impact the accuracy of resulting surrogates. This motivated new sampling strategies or design-of-experiment approaches, such as coherence-optimal sampling, which aim at improving the coherence property. In this paper, we propose a sampling strategy that can identify near-optimal sample locations that lead to improvement in local-coherence property and also enhancement of cross-correlation properties of measurement matrices. We provide theoretical motivations for the proposed sampling strategy along with several numerical examples that show that our near-optimal sampling strategy produces substantially more accurate results, compared to other sampling strategies.
No evidence for a significant AGN contribution to cosmic hydrogen reionization
Creators: name: Parsa, S.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: McLure, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reinvestigate a claimed sample of 22 X-ray detected active galactic nuclei (AGN) at redshifts z > 4, which has reignited the debate as to whether young galaxies or AGN reionized the Universe. These sources lie within the GOODS-S/CANDELS field, and we examine both the robustness of the claimed X-ray detections (within the Chandra 4Ms imaging) and perform an independent analysis of the photometric redshifts of the optical/infrared counterparts. We confirm the reality of only 15 of the 22 reported X-ray detections, and moreover find that only 12 of the 22 optical/infrared counterpart galaxies actually lie robustly at z > 4. Combining these results we find convincing evidence for only 7 X-ray AGN at z > 4 in the GOODS-S field, of which only one lies at z > 5. We recalculate the evolving far-UV (1500 Angstrom) luminosity density produced by AGN at high redshift, and find that it declines rapidly from z = 4 to z = 6, in agreement with several other recent studies of the evolving AGN luminosity function. The associated rapid decline in inferred hydrogen-ionizing emissivity contributed by AGN falls an order-of-magnitude short of the level required to maintain hydrogen ionization at z ~ 6. We conclude that all available evidence continues to favour a scenario in which young galaxies reionized the Universe, with AGN making, at most, a very minor contribution to cosmic hydrogen reionization.
description: Updated to accepted version: 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation between z~2.3 and z~0.9 with KMOS^3D
Creators: name: Übler, H.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Förster
name: Genzel, R.
name: Wisnioski, E.
name: Wuyts, S.
name: Lang, P.
name: Naab, T.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Wilman, D. J.
name: Fossati, M.
name: Mendel, J. T.
name: Beifiori, A.
name: Belli, S.
name: Bender, R.
name: Brammer, G.
name: Chan, J.
name: Davies, R.
name: Fabricius, M.
name: Galametz, A.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Momcheva, I.
name: Nelson, E. J.
name: Saglia, R. P.
name: Seitz, S.
name: Tadaki, K.
name: van Dokkum, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stellar mass and baryonic mass Tully-Fisher relations (TFRs) of massive star-forming disk galaxies at redshift z~2.3 and z~0.9 as part of the KMOS^3D integral field spectroscopy survey. Our spatially resolved data allow reliable modelling of individual galaxies, including the effect of pressure support on the inferred gravitational potential. At fixed circular velocity, we find higher baryonic masses and similar stellar masses at z~2.3 as compared to z~0.9. Together with the decreasing gas-to-stellar mass ratios with decreasing redshift, this implies that the contribution of dark matter to the dynamical mass at the galaxy scale increases towards lower redshift. A comparison to local relations reveals a negative evolution of the stellar and baryonic TFR zero-points from z=0 to z~0.9, no evolution of the stellar TFR zero-point from z~0.9 to z~2.3, and a positive evolution of the baryonic TFR zero-point from z~0.9 to z~2.3. We discuss a toy model of disk galaxy evolution to explain the observed, non-monotonic TFR evolution, taking into account the empirically motivated redshift dependencies of galactic gas fractions, and of the relative amount of baryons to dark matter on galaxy and halo scales.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: New data on the formation of the enigmatic zebra stripes in the Atacama Desert – towards unravelling key mechanisms and time scales of geomorphic processes under extreme hyperaridity
Creators: name: May, Simon Matthias
name: Wolf, Dennis
name: Brill, Dominik
name: Ageby, Lucas
name: Hoffmeister, Dirk
name: Ritter, Benedikt
name: Binnie, Steven
name: Dietze, Michael
name: Bubenzer, Olaf
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The most enigmatic hillslope forms in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert are the so-called zebra stripes, covering slopes between the coastal range and the pre-Andean cordilleras. They are defined as contour-parallel, lateral bands of loose angular gravels resting on hillslopes between 4° and 30°. While a previous study argued that they represent fossil evidence of overland flow, recent investigations documented a remarkable form-concordance with deposits from experiments on segregation-induced granular fingering, suggesting that dry granular flow may play a role in their formation. Here, we add new data on key mechanisms and time scales of geomorphic processes related to zebra stripe formation based on UAV-derived aerial photos, geomorphological and sedimentological investigations, different monitoring techniques, as well as terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide concentration measurements and OSL rock surface dating. OSL results show long exposure, no overturning, and inactivity at the northern, and Pleistocene/Holocene activity and clast overturning at the southern study site. 10Be and 21Ne measurements at this southern active site suggest downslope increasing TCN concentrations and clast transport on Pleistocene time scales and faster transport rates on steep slopes. While no stripe activity was detected during a Mw 5.4 earthquake, the monitoring results document clast overturning by freeze-thaw processes during a period of snow and frost in July 2019. This suggests a significant role of freeze-thaw processes in zebra stripe formation due to selective, long-term and subtle clast overturning and the evolution of the typical sorting pattern, potentially allowing for using zebra stripes as an indicator of paleo-climatic conditions.
FAIR Epigraphy: Making Data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable
Creators: name: Prag, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Epigraphy
FAIR Principles

description: Presentation of the FAIR Epigraphy project in the newsletter of the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents, a research centre based in the Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford
title: Crystallization conditions of authigenic quartz from salt of the Zechstein basin inferred from their triple oxygen isotope composition
Creators: name: Zahnow, Fabian
name: Tatzel, Michael
name: Pack, Andreas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The triple oxygen isotope composition of authigenic quartz allows reconstructing formation temperature and isotopic composition of the fluid with which the quartz had equilibrated [1]. We studied authigenic quartz grains from salt deposits of the Zechstein evaporitic basin to estimate the formation temperature and δ18O of the saline brine. Chemically purified authigenic quartz was analyzed by means of high precision laser fluorination isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

In the triple oxygen isotope space, additional (compared to δ18O only) information is gained about the equilibrium conditions during crystallization or diagenesis of the quartz. The coexisting fluid deviated from modern ocean water composition in that it was enriched in δ18O in order to account for a valid equilibration temperature. By assuming the mineralizing fluid was fractionated evaporitic water, it is possible to reconstruct the diagenetic environment in which the quartz formed. Utilizing the calibration of [2], the diagenetic temperature and local water δ18O value can be determined by high precision analysis of authigenic quartz minerals (pseudo-single-phase thermometer).

[1] Pack, A. and Herwartz, D. (2014) The triple oxygen isotope composition of the Earth mantle and understanding Δ17O variations in terrestrial rocks and minerals, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 390: 138-145.

[2] Sharp, Z.D., Gibbons, J.A., Atudorei, V., Pack, A., Sengupta, S., Shock, E.L., and Knauth, L.P. (2016) A calibration of the triple oxygen isotope fractionation in the SiO2–H2O system and applications to natural samples, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 186: 105-119.
Anomaly Manifestation of Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem and Topological Phases
Creators: name: Cho, Gil Young
name: Hsieh, Chang-Tse
name: Ryu, Shinsei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem dictates that emergent low-energy states from a lattice model cannot be a trivial symmetric insulator if the filling per unit cell is not integral and if the lattice translation symmetry and particle number conservation are strictly imposed. In this paper, we compare the one-dimensional gapless states enforced by the LSM theorem and the boundaries of one-higher dimensional strong symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases from the perspective of quantum anomalies. We first note that, they can be both described by the same low-energy effective field theory with the same effective symmetry realizations on low-energy modes, wherein non-on-site lattice translation symmetry is encoded as if it is a local symmetry. In spite of the identical form of the low-energy effective field theories, we show that the quantum anomalies of the theories play different roles in the two systems. In particular, We find that the chiral anomaly is equivalent to the LSM theorem, whereas there is another anomaly, which is not related to the LSM theorem but is intrinsic to the SPT states. As an application, we extend the conventional LSM theorem to multiple-charge multiple-species problems and construct several exotic symmetric insulators. We also find that the (3+1)d chiral anomaly provides only the perturbative stability of the gapless-ness local in the parameter space.
description: 14 + 3 pages, 1 figure. (The first two authors contributed equally to the work.)
title: Dating of weathering and oxygenation events in the Keonjhar Paleosol, Singhbhum Craton, East India
Creators: name: Pfennig, Melisande
name: Hasenstab, Eric
name: Wombacher, Frank
name: Jodder, Jaganmoy
name: Hofmann, Axel
name: Münker, Carsten
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The chemical inventory of Archean paleosols provides crucial constraints on early paleoclimate and paleoredox conditions. However, it often remains ambiguous whether recent weathering has also affected such early signals. This is especially crucial for understanding when free oxygen was present in Earth’s atmosphere. Although there is multi-proxy geochemical evidence for episodes of early oxygenation prior to the GOE, some claims for early oxygenation signals in near-surface rocks may have resulted from modern terrestrial weathering. Among the rare occurrence of Archean paleosols, the ca. 3.0 Ga Keonjhar Paleosol in the Singbhum Craton of East India has received particular attention in this regard, as the occurrence of Ce anomalies has been interpreted to originate from the presence of free oxygen in Earth’s Mesoarchean atmosphere [1]. To test this hypothesis, we applied 138La-138Ce geochronology [2] to various sections of this paleosol that reveal a 138La-138Ce age of 115±54 Ma, which precludes Archean oxygenation and rather reflects late Mesozoic weathering.  In addition, we have also determined 147Sm-143Nd and 176Lu-176Hf ages for this paleosol, of 1058±56 Ma and <84 Ma, respectively. This result is surprising, as the 176Lu-176Hf system seems to be fully overprinted by young weathering compared to the 147Sm-143Nd system. The Sm-Nd age may reflect partial REE remobilization during Proterozoic orogenic overprint [3].

[1]Mukhopadhay et. al., GEOLOGY, 2014, 42, 10, 923–926. [2]Tanaka and Masuda, Nature, 1982, 300, 515-518. [3]Ghosh and Bose, JMPS, 2020, 115, 70-87.
Formation of Majorana fermions in finite-size graphene strips
Creators: name: Kaladzhyan, Vardan
name: Bena, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of Majorana fermions in finite-size graphene strips with open boundary conditions in both directions, in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field and in the proximity of a superconducting substrate. We show that for long enough strips the Majorana states can form in the presence of a Rashba-like spin-orbit coupling, as well as in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. We find that, unlike infinite graphene ribbons in which Majorana states arise solely close to the bottom of the band and the Van Hove singularities, for finite-size systems this can happen also at much smaller doping values, close to the Dirac points, and depends strongly on the type of the short edges of the systems (e.g. armchair vs. zigzag), as well as on the width of the ribbons.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures
Locally optimal symplectic control of multimode Gaussian states
Creators: name: Shackerley-Bennett, Uther
name: Carlini, Alberto
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Serafini, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relaxation of a system to a steady state is a central point of interest in many attempts to advance control over the quantum world. In this paper, we consider control through instantaneous Gaussian unitary operations on the ubiquitous lossy channel, and find locally optimal conditions for the cooling and heating of a multimode Gaussian state subject to losses and possibly thermal noise. This is done by isolating the parameters that encode entropy and temperature and by deriving an equation for their evolution. This equation is in such a form that it grants clear insight into how relaxation may be helped by instantaneous quantum control. It is thus shown that squeezing is a crucial element in optimising the rate of change of entropic properties under these channels. Exact relaxation times for heating and cooling are derived, up to an arbitrarily small distance from the fixed point of the lossy channel with locally optimal strategies.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure
Multi-Level and Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation Using Pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks for Music Auto-tagging
Creators: name: Lee, Jongpil
name: Nam, Juhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Music auto-tagging is often handled in a similar manner to image classification by regarding the 2D audio spectrogram as image data. However, music auto-tagging is distinguished from image classification in that the tags are highly diverse and have different levels of abstractions. Considering this issue, we propose a convolutional neural networks (CNN)-based architecture that embraces multi-level and multi-scaled features. The architecture is trained in three steps. First, we conduct supervised feature learning to capture local audio features using a set of CNNs with different input sizes. Second, we extract audio features from each layer of the pre-trained convolutional networks separately and aggregate them altogether given a long audio clip. Finally, we put them into fully-connected networks and make final predictions of the tags. Our experiments show that using the combination of multi-level and multi-scale features is highly effective in music auto-tagging and the proposed method outperforms previous state-of-the-arts on the MagnaTagATune dataset and the Million Song Dataset. We further show that the proposed architecture is useful in transfer learning.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
A Model for Metastable Magnetism in the Hidden-Order Phase of URu2Si2
Creators: name: Boyer, Lance
name: Yakovenko, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an explanation for the experiment by Schemm et al., Phys. Rev. B 91, 140506 (2015) where the polar Kerr effect (PKE), indicating time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking, was observed in the hidden-order (HO) phase of URu2Si2. The PKE signal on warmup was seen only if a training magnetic field was present on cool-down. Using a Ginzburg-Landau model for a complex order parameter, we show that the system can have a metastable ferromagnetic state producing the PKE, even if the HO ground state respects TRS. We predict that a strong reversed magnetic field should reset the PKE to zero.
description: New section and Figure 3. References added
Defects and oxidation resilience in $InSe$
Creators: name: Xiao, KaiJian
name: de Carvalho, Alexandra Sarabando
name: Neto, Antonio Helio Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use density functional theory to study intrinsic defects and oxygen related defects in indium selenide. We find that ${InSe}$ is prone to oxidation, but however not reacting with oxygen as strongly as phosphorene. The dominant intrinsic defects in ${In}$-rich material are the ${In}$ interstitial, a shallow donor, and the ${Se}$ vacancy, which introduces deep traps. The latter can be passivated by oxygen, which is isoelectronic with ${Se}$. The dominant intrinsic defects in ${Se}$-rich material have comparatively higher formation energies.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, 49 references
Charged pions tagged with polarized photons probing strong CP violation in a chiral-imbalance medium
Creators: name: Kawaguchi, Mamiya
name: Harada, Masayasu
name: Matsuzaki, Shinya
name: Ouyang, Ruiwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is expected that in a hot QCD system, a local parity-odd domain can be produced due to nonzero chirality, which is induced from the difference of winding numbers carried by the gluon topological configuration (QCD sphaleron). This local domain is called the chiral-imbalance medium characterized by nonzero chiral chemical potential, which can be interpreted as the time variation of the strong CP phase. We find that the chiral chemical potential generates the parity breaking term in the electromagnetic form factor of charged pions. Heavy ion collision experiments could observe the phenomenological consequence of this parity-odd form factor through the elastic scattering of a pion and a photon in the medium. Then we quantify the asymmetry rate of the parity violation by measuring the polarization of the photon associated with the pion, and discuss how it could be measured in a definite lab frame. We roughly estimate the typical size of the asymmetry, just by picking up the pion resonant process, and find that the signal can be sufficiently larger than possible background events from parity-breaking electroweak process. Our findings might provide a novel possibility to make a manifest detection for the remnant of the strong CP violation.
description: 5 pages, 2 eps figures, several discussions added, references added, published version
A USB-controlled potentiostat/galvanostat for thin-film battery characterization
Creators: name: Dobbelaere, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the design of a low-cost USB-controlled potentiostat/galvanostat which can measure or apply potentials in the range of +/-8V, and measure or apply currents ranging from nanoamps to max. +/-25 mA. Precision is excellent thanks to the on-board 20-bit D/A-convertor and 22-bit A/D-convertors. The dual control modes and its wide potential range make it especially suitable for battery characterization. As an example use case, measurements are presented on a lithium-ion test cell using thin-film anatase TiO2 as the working electrode. A cross-platform Python program may be used to run electrochemical experiments within an easy-to-use graphical user interface. Designed with an open hardware philosophy and using open-source tools, all the details of the project (including the schematic, PCB design, microcontroller firmware, and host computer software) are freely available, making custom modifications of the design straightforward.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures; updated schematic diagram, included noise measurements, corrected typos
British Gallup Poll CQ 324
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Daniel Steel performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); best party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); party with best policies (1); party with best leaders (1); party unity (2); difference in parties (1); best Prime Minister (1); government price policy (9); kitchen furniture (22); bedroom furniture (16); sewing machine (4); party sized beer (3); traveled outside Europe (1); salads (35); digestive biscuits (60).
title: A Review and Database of Landslide Induced Tsunamis
Creators: name: Dohmen, Katrin
name: Braun, Anika
name: Fernandez-Steeger, Tomás Manuel
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Landslide induced tsunamis are a well-known phenomenon and have been reported many times in the international literature. The research has focused so far on the investigation of individual case studies and on modelling of tsunami waves but up to now there is no overview of all documented landslide tsunamis that happened in the past and what might be learned from those events.

The objective of this study is a review and comparison of the known case studies. A database of parameters that are relevant for the tsunami generation and propagation is established. Those include the properties of the landslide, the waterbody geometry and tsunami properties.

Particularly high waves can be triggered when slopes collapse and fall into waterbodies with little water volume like rivers, lakes or narrow bays that are widely isolated from the open sea. Catastrophic landslide tsunamis occur frequently in fjord landscapes with elongated and narrow waterbody geometries with steep and - due to deglaciation processes - instable slopes. Also, in seismically active regions where earthquakes can trigger landslides, many landslide tsunamis have been reported. A third scenario with an especially high potential for landslide tsunamis are reservoir lakes, where seasonal water level variations may cause slope instabilities.

The findings of this work will contribute to a better understanding of the generation of landslide tsunamis. They can be used in a next step to identify potentially endangered areas and to take preventive measures regionally, for example to set up monitoring systems on slopes at risk.
title: 1.Halogens as tracers for mineralizing fluids in the Sn-W-Cu province of the Cornubian batholith, SW England
Creators: name: Bongiovanni, Mauro
name: Fusswinkel, Tobias
name: Marks, Michael A.W.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Despite their well-known economic potential, the genesis of deposits associated with magmatic-hydrothermal fluids derived from granitic plutons is still not fully understood. The Cornubian batholith (SW England) represents an example of those: it was intensely mined for Sn and Cu, but also hosts W mineralizations and Li-rich granitic rocks.

This study explores the use of halogens as tracers for the formation of such critical element enrichments, across the transition from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions in this well-studied natural laboratory of a Variscan S-type system. Given the high incompatibility of heavy halogens (Cl, Br, I) in most minerals, they are reliable indicators of fluid provenance and evolution and readily discern geofluid reservoirs, but questions remain as to halogen behaviour during crucial ore-forming processes such as fluid exsolution or phase separation.

In situ LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions and whole-rock combustion ion-chromatography will provide a detailed assessment of halogen behaviour across the magmatic-hydrothermal transition in samples ranging from granites and pegmatites, to greisens and mineralized Sn-W-Cu hydrothermal veins.

Preliminary results show a progressive dilution of fluids with magmatic Br/Cl - I/Cl signatures and elevated concentrations of Cu, Sn and W as the main factor controlling mineralization.
Predictions for deep galaxy surveys with JWST from $Λ$CDM
Creators: name: Cowley, William
name: Baugh, Carlton
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Frenk, Carlos
name: Lacey, Cedric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present predictions for the outcome of deep galaxy surveys with the $James$ $Webb$ $Space$ $Telescope$ ($JWST$) obtained from a physical model of galaxy formation in $Λ$CDM. We use the latest version of the GALFORM model, embedded within a new ($800$ Mpc)$^{3}$ dark matter only simulation with a halo mass resolution of $M_{\rm halo}>2\times10^{9}$ $h^{-1}$ M$_{\odot}$. For computing full UV-to-mm galaxy spectral energy distributions, including the absorption and emission of radiation by dust, we use the spectrophotometric radiative transfer code GRASIL. The model is calibrated to reproduce a broad range of observational data at $z\lesssim6$, and we show here that it can also predict evolution of the rest-frame far-UV luminosity function for $7\lesssim z\lesssim10$ which is in good agreement with observations. We make predictions for the evolution of the luminosity function from $z=16$ to $z=0$ in all broadband filters on the Near InfraRed Camera (NIRCam) and Mid InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) on $JWST$ and present the resulting galaxy number counts and redshift distributions. Our fiducial model predicts that $\sim1$ galaxy per field of view will be observable at $z\sim11$ for a $10^4$ s exposure with NIRCam. A variant model, which produces a higher redshift of reionization in better agreement with $Planck$ data, predicts number densities of observable galaxies $\sim5\times$ greater at this redshift. Similar observations with MIRI are predicted not to detect any galaxies at $z\gtrsim6$. We also make predictions for the effect of different exposure times on the redshift distributions of galaxies observable with $JWST$, and for the angular sizes of galaxies in $JWST$ bands.
description: 23 Pages, 13 Figures, 4 Tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The HI-to-H2 Transition in a Turbulent Medium
Creators: name: Bialy, Shmuel
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
name: Sternberg, Amiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of density fluctuations induced by turbulence on the HI/H$_2$ structure in photodissociation regions (PDRs) both analytically and numerically. We perform magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations for both subsonic and supersonic turbulent gas, and chemical HI/H$_2$ balance calculations. We derive atomic-to-molecular density profiles and the HI column density probability density function (PDF) assuming chemical equilibrium. We find that while the HI/H$_2$ density profiles are strongly perturbed in turbulent gas, the mean HI column density is well approximated by the uniform-density analytic formula of Sternberg et al. (2014). The PDF width depends on (a) the radiation intensity to mean density ratio, (b) the sonic Mach number and (c) the turbulence decorrelation scale, or driving scale. We derive an analytic model for the HI PDF and demonstrate how our model, combined with 21 cm observations, can be used to constrain the Mach number and driving scale of turbulent gas. As an example, we apply our model to observations of HI in the Perseus molecular cloud. We show that a narrow observed HI PDF may imply small scale decorrelation, pointing to the potential importance of subcloud-scale turbulence driving.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, including Appendix. Accepted for publication in ApJ
PRODUCT-APPLICATION FIT, CONCEPTUALIZATION, AND DESIGN OF TECHNOLOGIES: PROSTHETIC HAND TO MULTI-CORE VAPOR CHAMBERS
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Soumya
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biomechanics
Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
Image processing
Other engineering not elsewhere classified
CAD/CAM systems
Analog electronics and interfaces
Computer graphics
Modelling and simulation
Cyberphysical systems and internet of things
Human-computer interaction

description: From idea generation to conceptualization and development of products and technologies is a non-linear and iterative process. The work in this thesis follows a process that initiates with the review of existing technologies and products, examining their unique value proposition in the context of the specific applications for which they are designed. Next, the unmet needs of novel or emerging applications are identified that require new product or technologies. Once these user needs and product requirements are identified, the specific functions to be addressed by the product are specified. The subsequent process of design of products and technologies to meet these functions is enabled by engineering tools such as three-dimensional modelling, physics-based simulations, and manufacturing of a minimum viable prototype. In these steps, un-biased decisions have to be taken using weighted decision matrices to cater to the design requirements. Finally, the minimum viable prototype is tested to demonstrate the principal functionalities. The results obtained from the testing process identify the potential future improvements in the next generations of the prototype that would subsequently inform the final design of product. This thesis adopted this methodology to initiate the design two product-prototypes: i) an image-recognition-integrated service (IRIS) robotic hand for children and ii) cascaded multi-core vapor chamber (CMVC) for improving performance of next-generation computing systems. Minimum viable product-prototypes were manufactured to demonstrate the principal functionalities, followed by clear identification of future potential improvements. Tests of the prosthetic hand indicate that the image-recognition based feedback can successfully drive the actuators to perform the intended grasping motions. Experimental testing with the multi-core vapor chamber demonstrates successful performance of the prototype, which offers notable reduction in temperatures relative to the existing benchmark solid copper spreader.