cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multimodal story comprehension: datasets, tasks and neural models
Creators: name: Ravi, Hareesh
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Storytelling is a uniquely human skill that plays a central role in how we learn about and experience the world. Stories play a crucial part in the mental development of humans as it helps us encode a wide range of shared knowledge, including common sense physics, cause and effect, human psychology, and morality. We postulate that machine intelligence requires comparable skills, particularly when interacting with people. Much of the current research in understanding the visual and textual world operates only at a superficial, factual level using data that align atomic one-to-one descriptive, factual text with an image. An ideal AI system must be able to create and comprehend multimodal narratives in a causal and coherent manner, much like humans, to be able to seamlessly interact with humans. This dissertation aims to bridge the gap between current research and ideal AI systems by developing novel datasets, tasks and neural methods for true multimodal story creation and comprehension. We start by highlighting limitations of existing works such as factual and superficial alignment of image-text context, lack of coherent narrative understanding and ill-defined tasks for multimodal story comprehension. To offset these limitations, we propose a novel computational task, Story Illustration, as a measure of story comprehension by a neural model. We model textual coherence explicitly with an end-to-end trained hierarchical neural model capable of illustrating a story. Our evaluation highlights limitations of existing visual storytelling datasets. Then, we extend the formulation to a Many-to-Many setting to generalize the task and demand coherence modelling by also creating a new and improved dataset for multimodal story comprehension. We develop a machine translation approach to story illustration leveraging text generation techniques that explicitly models visual and textual coherence in stories. Further, we develop a novel dataset AESOP that enables the modelling of story comprehension and creation from a truly multimodal perspective, capturing the creative process associated with storytelling. Our framework models the evolution of textual and visual concepts on AESOP using interacting sequential networks. Our contributions lay a strong foundation for developing AI systems that can create and comprehend multimodal stories and consequently comprehend any kind of data. This dissertation along with all the publicly released resources such as data and code drives further research towards building complex and intelligent systems.
Additional file 3 of Towards individualized cortical thickness assessment for clinical routine
Creators: name: Tahedl, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. For methods 2,3 and 4, cumulative sensitivity was defined based on the degree of simulated atrophy a method required to sensitively detect 80% (method 2: 88% simulated atrophy, method 3: 23% simulated atrophy, method 4: 12% simulated atrophy). However, regional sensitivity varied for that degree of atrophy. This table indicates which labels showed < 80% sensitivity for each method’s “crucial” degree of atrophy, along with the regional sensitivity detected for that degree of atrophy.
Additional file 3 of Flowering in Persian walnut: patterns of gene expression during flower development
Creators: name: Hassankhah, Amin
name: Rahemi, Majid
name: Ramshini, Hossein
name: Sarikhani, Saadat
name: Vahdati, Kourosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3 Fold changes of FT (a), SOC1 (b), CAL (c), LFY (d) and TFL1 (e) gene expression identified by quantitative RT-PCR analysis.
Additional file 1 of Reporting of health equity considerations in cluster and individually randomized trials
Creators: name: Petkovic, Jennifer
name: Jull, Janet
name: Manosila Yoganathan
name: Dewidar, Omar
name: Baird, Sarah
name: Grimshaw, Jeremy M.
name: Johansson, Kjell Arne
name: Kristjansson, Elizabeth
name: McGowan, Jessie
name: Moher, David
name: Petticrew, Mark
name: Robberstad, Bjarne
name: Shea, Beverley
name: Tugwell, Peter
name: Volmink, Jimmy
name: Wells, George A.
name: Whitehead, Margaret
name: Cuervo, Luis Gabriel
name: White, Howard
name: Taljaard, Monica
name: Welch, Vivian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Search strategy.
Higher Dimensional Szekeres' Space-time in Brans-Dicke Scalar Tensor Theory
Creators: name: Banerjee, Asit
name: Debnath, Ujjal
name: Chakraborty, Subenoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized Szekeres family of solution for quasi-spherical space-time of higher dimensions are obtained in the scalar tensor theory of gravitation. Brans-Dicke field equations expressed in Dicke's revised units are exhaustively solved for all the subfamilies of the said family. A particular group of solutions may also be interpreted as due to the presence of the so-called C-field of Hoyle and Narlikar and for a chosen sign of the coupling parameter. The models show either expansion from a big bang type of singularity or a collapse with the turning point at a lower bound. There is one particular case which starts from the big bang, reaches a maximum and collapses with the in course of time to a crunch.
Existence of Chandrasekhar's limit in GUP white dwarfs
Creators: name: Mathew, Arun
name: Nandy, Malay Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various recent theoretical investigations suggest that gravitational collapse of white dwarfs is withheld for arbitrarily high masses if the equation of state is described by the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). There have been a few attempts to restore the Chandrasekhar limit but they are found to be inadequate from different perspectives and some of them led to unphysical mass-radius relations. In this paper, we rigorously resolve this problem by analyzing the dynamical instability in general relativity. We confirm the existence of Chandrasekhar's limit as well as stable mass-radius curves that behave consistently with astronomical observations. Moreover, this stability analysis suggests gravitational collapse beyond the Chandrasekhar limit signifying the possibility of compact objects denser than white dwarfs.
Additional file 2 of Flowering in Persian walnut: patterns of gene expression during flower development
Creators: name: Hassankhah, Amin
name: Rahemi, Majid
name: Ramshini, Hossein
name: Sarikhani, Saadat
name: Vahdati, Kourosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Different flowering and fruit development stages of walnut during in three consecutive years (2014–2016) (Blue line: last year; Green line: following year).
"IMPACT OF CREDIT ON CROPPING PATTERN AND CROPPING INTENSITY ON FARMS IN UNIRRIGATED AND IRRIGATED VILLAGES IN BIJAPUR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA-AN APPLICATION OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUE'
Creators: name: Poddar, Rajendra S.
name: Kumar, H. S. Vijaya
name: Murthy, H. G. Shankara
name: Murthy, T. N. Venkatesh
name: Poddar, Rajendra S.
name: Kumar, H. S. Vijaya
name: Murthy, H. G. Shankara
name: Murthy, T. N. Venkatesh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Cropping pattern and cropping intensity, inter cilia,- are theiniportant . factors that influence the farm profits. -Studies in the past attempted to evaluate the impact of new farm technology on these two variables. Hovever,, ,. • the adoption Df new technology is, itself affected by the availability, of cre:14t. • Hence, an assessment of impact of credit on cropping pattern and cropping intensity assumes great significance:. •7' • The present study probes into the ;impact iof credit on the :farms. in , unrirrigated and irrigated villaies: For this. Ourpose, a sample of 120 farmers representiit-small and large Categories Were s'ele.c.ted:_The'data pertained to • 1987A8. Linear programming technique Was ifSed for. arialyis Of the data.- The-findings revealed that the optimization of resource use with existing • •. and improved technologies led to, cultivation, of a few but more. profitable, , . • .• • . crops in the new cropping patterns The cropping intensity in ditierent,plan - showed an increasing trend frOrn- the existing 'cropping Pattern through the o.ptiinum 'plan with existing technology to the optiniurri plan with improved technology. These changes were poSsible because of supply of liberal credit through relaxation of capital .constraint. This calls ,for improvements in farmer's accessibility to the liberal credit and input supplies.
Exploring the relation between students' online learning behavior and course performance by including contextual information in data analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Zhongzhou
name: Xu, Mengyu
name: Garrido, Geoffrey
name: Guthrie, Matthew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study examines whether including more contextual information in data analysis could improve our ability to identify the relation between students' online learning behavior and overall performance in an introductory physics course. We created four linear regression models correlating students' pass-fail events in a sequence of online learning modules with their normalized total course score. Each model takes into account an additional level of contextual information than the previous one, such as student learning strategy and duration of assessment attempts. Each of the latter three models is also accompanied by a visual representation of students' interaction states on each learning module. We found that the best performing model is the one that includes the most contextual information, including instruction condition, internal condition, and learning strategy. The model shows that while most students failed on the most challenging learning module, those with normal learning behavior are more likely to obtain higher total course scores, whereas students who resorted to guessing on the assessments of subsequent modules tended to receive lower total scores. Our results suggest that considering more contextual information related to each event can be an effective method to improve the quality of learning analytics, leading to more accurate and actionable recommendations for instructors.
The Gaseous Trail of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy
Creators: name: Putman, M. E.
name: Thom, C.
name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Staveley-Smith, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible gaseous component to the stream of debris from the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy is presented. We identify 4 - 10 x 10^6 Msun of neutral hydrogen along the orbit of the Sgr dwarf in the direction of the Galactic anticenter (at 36 kpc, the distance to the stellar debris in this region). This is 1-2% of the estimated total mass of the Sgr dwarf. Both the stellar and gaseous components have negative velocities, but the gaseous component extends to higher negative velocities. If associated, this gaseous stream was most likely stripped from the main body of the dwarf 0.2 - 0.3 Gyr ago during its current orbit after a passage through a diffuse edge of the Galactic disk with a density > 10^{-4} cm^{-3}. This gas represents the dwarf's last source of star formation fuel and explains how the galaxy was forming stars 0.5-2 Gyr ago.
description: ApJ Letters, accepted
Amiota (Amiota) sinuata Okada 1968
Creators: name: Chen, Hong-Wei
name: Watabe, Hide-Aki
name: Gao, Jian-Jun
name: Takamori, Hisaki
name: Zhang, Ya-Ping
name: Aotsuka, Tadashi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Amiota
Amiota sinuata

description: Amiota (Amiota) sinuata Okada
 Amiota (Amiota) sinuata Okada, 1968: 305; Chen and Toda, 1998b: 410; 2001: 1528.
description: Published as part of Chen, Hong-Wei, Watabe, Hide-Aki, Gao, Jian-Jun, Takamori, Hisaki, Zhang, Ya-Ping & Aotsuka, Tadashi, 2005, Species diversity of the subgenus Amiota (s. str.) Loew, 1862 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in southern China, pp. 265-310 in Journal of Natural History 39 (3) on page 270, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001657883, http://zenodo.org/record/4657896
DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL LABOUR USE IN BIHAR
Creators: name: Thakur, S. C. P.
name: Singh, R. K. P.
name: Choudhary, J. N.
name: Thakur, S. C. P.
name: Singh, R. K. P.
name: Choudhary, J. N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Labor and Human Capital
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The study aims at examining the main determinants of human labour use in Bihar. Intensity of cropping and machine labour utlization were main determinants of human labour utilization in the project area. An increase of 10 per cent each in machine labour.utlization and. intensity of cropping would result in the increase in human labour utilization by 4.81 per cent and 11.43 per cent, respectively. . The study.fluffier reVealed that the wage rate, net cultivated area and in-hutted area luid positive and skunificant.influence on hired hum in ktboUr utilization, whereas percentle area under shire crotiping and family labour utilization had negative influence on hired human labour utilization. An increase of 10 per cent each in wage rate, net cultivated area and percentage area under irrigation would . increase the lured human labour utilization by 10.80 per cent, 3.28 per cent and 2.27 per cent, respectively on sample households.
Collective Excitations of a One-Dimensional Quantum Droplet
Creators: name: Tylutki, Marek
name: Astrakharchik, Grigori E.
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Petrov, Dmitry S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the excitation spectrum of a one-dimensional self-bound quantum droplet in a two-component bosonic mixture described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) with cubic and quadratic nonlinearities. The cubic term originates from the mean-field energy of the mixture proportional to the effective coupling constant $δg$, whereas the quadratic nonlinearity corresponds to the attractive beyond-mean-field contribution. The droplet properties are governed by a control parameter $γ\propto δg N^{2/3}$, where $N$ is the particle number. For large $γ>0$ the droplet features the flat-top shape with the discrete part of its spectrum consisting of plane-wave Bogoliubov phonons propagating through the flat-density bulk and reflected by edges of the droplet. With decreasing $γ$ these modes cross into the continuum, sequentially crossing the particle-emission threshold at specific critical values. A notable exception is the breathing mode which we find to be always bound. The balance point $γ= 0$ provides implementation of a system governed by the GPE with an unusual quadratic nonlinearity. This case is characterized by the ratio of the breathing-mode frequency to the particle-emission threshold equal to 0.8904. As $γ$ tends to $-\infty$ this ratio tends to 1 and the droplet transforms into the soliton solution of the integrable cubic GPE.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Unfolding and unzipping of single-stranded DNA by stretching
Creators: name: Tkachenko, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of single-stranded DNA under stretching. Within the proposed framework, the effects of basepairing on the mechanical response of the molecule can be studied in combination with an arbitrary underlying model of chain elasticity. In a generic case, we show that the stretching curve of ssDNA exhibits two distinct features: the second-order "unfolding" phase transition, and a sharp crossover, reminiscent of the first-order "unzipping" transition in dsDNA. We apply the theory to the particular cases of Worm-like Chain (WLC) and Freely-Joint Chain (FJC) models, and discuss the universal and model--dependent features of the mechanical response of ssDNA. In particular, we show that variation of the width of the unzipping crossover with interaction strength is very sensitive to the energetics of hairpin loops. This opens a new way of testing the elastic properties of ssDNA.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, substantially revised version
LIBERALISING THE INDIAN COTTON TRADE: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KARNATAKA
Creators: name: Umapathi, T. S.
name: Karamathullah, N.
name: Achoth, Lalith
name: Reddy, B. M. Ramachandra
name: Umapathi, T. S.
name: Karamathullah, N.
name: Achoth, Lalith
name: Reddy, B. M. Ramachandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: An attempt to quantify the degree to which the domestic market for 1)CH-32 seed cotton is delinked from xvorld market prices due to government regulation is examined. Comparative advantage is studied through the estimation of nominal protection coefficients both under exportable and importable hypotheses. The results show that the government policy had descriminated against the cotton cultivators of the study area and implies that DCH-32 seed cotton would he an efficient export crop.
ROLE OF INTaSECTORAL LINKAGES IN A HIGH GROWTH AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY - A SIMULATED SECENARIO
Creators: name: Sekhon, Milkho Kaur
name: Singh, Karam
name: Sekhon, Milkho Kaur
name: Singh, Karam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The study examines the role of intersectoral linkages in the Punjab economy which is an agriculturally dominant state. Rapid growth inthe agricultural sector had widespread impact on the entire economy. To increase agricultural production the industrial sector had to cope up with this sector, Growth in the agricultural sector generated a strong demand for industrial consumption goods thus promoting the growth of the non-farm sector along with its own izrowth. Further improvements in the growth rates in the . agricultural sector would require the industrial sector to improve at an even faster rate.
Animal sourced foods and child stunting
Creators: name: Headey, Derek
name: Hirvonen, Kalle
name: Hoddinott, John
name: Headey, Derek
name: Hirvonen, Kalle
name: Hoddinott, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Animal-sourced foods
subject: dietary diversity
subject: nutrition
subject: stunting
subject: livestock
subject: fisheries

description: Stunting affects 160 million pre-school children around the world, and imposes significant costs on a child’s health, cognitive development, schooling and economic performance. Stunting in early childhood has been linked to poor dietary diversity, notably low intake of animal-sourced foods (ASFs) rich in high quality protein and other growth-stimulating nutrients. Surprisingly, however, very little economic research has focused on ASFs and child growth. In this paper we redress this omission through an analysis of 112,553 children aged 6-23 months from 46 countries. We first document distinctive patterns of ASF consumption among children in different regions, particularly highly variable patterns of dairy consumption, low consumption of eggs and meat, and surprisingly frequent consumption of fish in several poor regions of Africa and Asia. We then examine how ASF consumption is associated with child stunting in multivariate models saturated with control variables. We find strong associations with a generic ASF consumption indicator as well as with fish and dairy consumption. Finally, we explore why ASF consumption is low but also so variable. We show that non-tradable ASFs (fresh milk, eggs) are a very expensive source of calories in low income countries, and that caloric prices of these foods are strongly associated with children’s consumption patterns. A host of other demand-side factors are also important, but the strong influence of prices implies an important role for agricultural policies – in production, marketing and trade – to improve the accessibility and affordability of ASFs in poorer countries.
Partial stabilization of nonholonomic systems with application to multi-agent coordination
Creators: name: Grushkovskaya, Victoria
name: Zuyev, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93D15, 70F25

description: This paper focuses on the problem of constructing time-varying feedback laws that asymptotically stabilize a given part of the state variables for nonlinear control-affine systems. It is assumed that the class of systems under consideration satisfies nonlinear controllability conditions with respect to the stabilizable variables. Under these assumptions, a time-periodic feedback control is constructed explicitly by using the inversion of the matrix composed of the control vector fields and their Lie brackets. The proposed control design scheme is applied to solving the leader-following problem for nonlinear multi-agent systems. These results are illustrated with two examples of nonholonomic control problems: the partial stabilization of a rolling disc and the leader-following task for two unicycles.
description: Submitted to the European Control Conference
Additional file 2 of Towards individualized cortical thickness assessment for clinical routine
Creators: name: Tahedl, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Cumulative sensitivity calculations for different thresholds for method 2 (in method 2, a label was defined “atrophic” if a certain percentage of each label’s vertices yielded pFWER <= 0.05).
ROLE OF INTERSECTORAL LINKAGES IN A HIGH GROWTH AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY - A SIMULATED SECENARIO
Creators: name: Sekhon, Milkho Kaur
name: Singh, Karam
name: Sekhon, Milkho Kaur
name: Singh, Karam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: The study examines the role of intersectoral linkages in the Punjab economy which is an agriculturally dominant state. Rapid growth inthe agricultural sector had widespread impact on the entire economy. To increase agricultural production the industrial sector had to cope up with this sector, Growth in the agricultural sector generated a strong demand for industrial consumption goods thus promoting the growth of the non-farm sector along with its own growth. Further improvements in the growth rates in the agricultural sector would require the industrial sector to improve at an even faster rate.
Giant planet swaps during close stellar encounters
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Han
name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Leigh, Nathan W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of planetary systems outside of the solar system has challenged some of the tenets of planetary formation. Among the difficult-to-explain observations, are systems with a giant planet orbiting a very-low mass star, such as the recently discovered GJ~3512b planetary system, where a Jupiter-like planet orbits an $M$-star in a tight and eccentric orbit. Systems such as this one are not predicted by the core accretion theory of planet formation. Here we suggest a novel mechanism, in which the giant planet is born around a more typical Sun-like star ($M_{*,1}$), but is subsequently exchanged during a dynamical interaction with a flyby low-mass star ($M_{*,2}$). We perform state-of-the-art $N$-body simulations with $M_{*,1}=1M_\odot$ and $M_{*,2}=0.1M_\odot$ to study the statistical outcomes of this interaction, and show that exchanges result in high eccentricities for the new orbit around the low-mass star, while about half of the outcomes result in tighter orbits than the planet had around its birth star. We numerically compute the cross section for planet exchange, and show that an upper limit for the probability per planetary system to have undergone such an event is $Γ\sim 4.4(M_{\rm c}/100M_\odot)^{-2}(a_{\rm p}/{\rm AU}) (σ/1\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1})^{5}$Gyr$^{-1}$, where $a_{\rm p}$ is the planet semi-major axis around the birth star, $σ$ the velocity dispersion of the star cluster, and $M_{\rm c}$ the total mass of the star cluster. Hence these planet exchanges could be relatively common for stars born in open clusters and groups, should already be observed in the exoplanet database, and provide new avenues to create unexpected planetary architectures.
description: Accepted to ApJ Letters
The bear truths: power and conflict in New Jersey black bear policy
Creators: name: Halprin, Franklin R.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: This dissertation argues that history, values, and politics/institutions play roles in conjunction with science when there is conflict over the process of formulating and implementing environmental policy. It considers how power influences wildlife conservation, specifically black bear management in New Jersey, where hunting is used as a tool of management. Some groups support this policy, while others oppose. Both factions employ science to make their claims, though they often argue for incompatible policy solutions. In short, science is just one factor in the policymaking process, the rest of which need to be more comprehensively understood.Drawing on policy documents including legislation, court cases, administrative rules and regulations, and executive orders/communications from agency heads, I put forth three arguments. First, I argue that historical contexts and ways of thinking combine with peoples’ values and institutional structures/political patterns to frame the science, enabling certain knowledge claims and policy solutions to gain traction. Second, I argue that the extent to which the policy does and does not change can be better understood by identifying where power is located within institutions and how it flows among them. Third, I argue that we must comprehend the resistance and attempted pushback against a policy, even when the policy appears dominant. Only then can we understand why and how policies change or resist change. Throughout, I stress the importance of including a wide range of voices, values, and participants in crafting democratic, robust, and viable policy.
Decoupling in an expanding universe: boundary RG-flow affects initial conditions for inflation
Creators: name: Schalm, Koenraad
name: Shiu, Gary
name: van der Schaar, Jan Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study decoupling in FRW spacetimes, emphasizing a Lagrangian description throughout. To account for the vacuum choice ambiguity in cosmological settings, we introduce an arbitrary boundary action representing the initial conditions. RG flow in these spacetimes naturally affects the boundary interactions. As a consequence the boundary conditions are sensitive to high-energy physics through irrelevant terms in the boundary action. Using scalar field theory as an example, we derive the leading dimension four irrelevant boundary operators. We discuss how the known vacuum choices, e.g. the Bunch-Davies vacuum, appear in the Lagrangian description and square with decoupling. For all choices of boundary conditions encoded by relevant boundary operators, of which the known ones are a subset, backreaction is under control. All, moreover, will generically feel the influence of high-energy physics through irrelevant (dimension four) boundary corrections. Having established a coherent effective field theory framework including the vacuum choice ambiguity, we derive an explicit expression for the power spectrum of inflationary density perturbations including the leading high energy corrections. In accordance with the dimensionality of the leading irrelevant operators, the effect of high energy physics is linearly proportional to the Hubble radius H and the scale of new physics L= 1/M.
description: LaTeX plus axodraw figures. v2: minor corrections; refs added. JHEP style: 34 pages + 18 pages appendix
Spin accumulation induced by a singlet supercurrent
Creators: name: Amundsen, Morten
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a supercurrent carried by spinless singlet Cooper pairs can induce a spin accumulation in the normal metal interlayer of a Josephson junction. This phenomenon occurs when a nonequilibrium spin-energy mode is excited in the normal metal, for instance by an applied temperature gradient between ferromagnetic electrodes. Without supercurrent, the spin accumulation vanishes in the Josephson junction. With supercurrent, a spatially antisymmetric spin accumulation is generated that can be measured by tunneling to a polarized detector electrode. We explain the physical origin of the induced spin accumulation by the combined effect of a Doppler shift induced by a flow of singlet Cooper pairs, and the spin-energy mode excited in the normal metal. This effect shows that spin control is possible even with singlet Cooper pairs in conventional superconductors, a finding which could open new perspectives in superconducting spintronics.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Charge Superselection Sectors for QCD on the Lattice
Creators: name: Kijowski, J.
name: Rudolph, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum chromodynamics (QCD) on a finite lattice $Λ$ in the Hamiltonian approach. First, we present the field algebra ${\mathfrak A}_Λ$ as comprising a gluonic part, with basic building block being the crossed product $C^*$-algebra $C(G) \otimes_α G$, and a fermionic (CAR-algebra) part generated by the quark fields. By classical arguments, ${\mathfrak A}_Λ$ has a unique (up to unitary equivalence) irreducible representation. Next, the algebra ${\mathfrak O}^i_Λ$ of internal observables is defined as the algebra of gauge invariant fields, satisfying the Gauss law. In order to take into account correlations of field degrees of freedom inside $Λ$ with the ``rest of the world'', we have to extend ${\mathfrak O}^i_Λ$ by tensorizing with the algebra of gauge invariant operators at infinity. This way we construct the full observable algebra ${\mathfrak O}_Λ .$ It is proved that its irreducible representations are labelled by ${\mathbb Z}_3$-valued boundary flux distributions. Then, it is shown that there exist unitary operators (charge carrying fields), which intertwine between irreducible sectors leading to a classification of irreducible representations in terms of the ${\mathbb Z}_3$-valued global boundary flux. By the global Gauss law, these 3 inequivalent charge superselection sectors can be labeled in terms of the global colour charge (triality) carried by quark fields. Finally, ${\mathfrak O}_Λ$ is discussed in terms of generators and relations.
description: 40 pages
Limit laws for distorted return time processes for infinite measure preserving transformations
Creators: name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
name: Slassi, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A40

description: We consider conservative ergodic measure preserving transformations on infinite measure spaces and investigate the asymptotic behaviour of distorted return time processes with respect to sets satisfying a type of Darling-Kac condition. We identify two critical cases for which we prove uniform distribution laws. For this we introduce the notion of uniformly returning sets and discuss some of their properties.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
An Investigation into: Energy Monitoring
Creators: name: Burt, Brad
name: Slade, David
name: Lowe, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
KdV-charged black holes
Creators: name: Dymarsky, Anatoly
name: Sugishita, Sotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct black hole geometries in AdS$_3$ with non-trivial values of KdV charges. The black holes are holographically dual to quantum KdV Generalized Gibbs Ensemble in 2d CFT. They satisfy thermodynamic identity and thus are saddle point configurations of the Euclidean gravity path integral. We discuss holographic calculation of the KdV generalized partition function and show that for a certain value of chemical potentials new geometries, not the conventional BTZ ones, are the leading saddles.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
On the (Boltzmann) Entropy of Nonequilibrium Systems
Creators: name: Goldstein, S.
name: Lebowitz, Joel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boltzmann defined the entropy of a macroscopic system in a macrostate $M$ as the $\log$ of the volume of phase space (number of microstates) corresponding to $M$. This agrees with the thermodynamic entropy of Clausius when $M$ specifies the locally conserved quantities of a system in local thermal equilibrium (LTE). Here we discuss Boltzmann's entropy, involving an appropriate choice of macro-variables, for systems not in LTE. We generalize the formulas of Boltzmann for dilute gases and of Resibois for hard sphere fluids and show that for macro-variables satisfying any deterministic autonomous evolution equation arising from the microscopic dynamics the corresponding Boltzmann entropy must satisfy an ${\cal H}$-theorem.
description: 31 pages, in Tex, authors' e-mails: oldstein@math.rutgers.edu, lebowitz@math.rutgers.edu
Amiota (Amiota) nagatai Okada
Creators: name: Chen, Hong-Wei
name: Watabe, Hide-Aki
name: Gao, Jian-Jun
name: Takamori, Hisaki
name: Zhang, Ya-Ping
name: Aotsuka, Tadashi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Amiota
Amiota nagatai

description: Amiota (Amiota) nagatai Okada
 Amiota (Amiota) nagatai Okada, 1971: 97 [Amiota (Amiota) alboguttata, forma nagatai Okada, 1960: 96]; Toda and Peng, 1992: 202; Chen and Toda, 2001: 1529.
description: Published as part of Chen, Hong-Wei, Watabe, Hide-Aki, Gao, Jian-Jun, Takamori, Hisaki, Zhang, Ya-Ping & Aotsuka, Tadashi, 2005, Species diversity of the subgenus Amiota (s. str.) Loew, 1862 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in southern China, pp. 265-310 in Journal of Natural History 39 (3) on page 275, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001657883, http://zenodo.org/record/4657896
Additional file 1 of Towards individualized cortical thickness assessment for clinical routine
Creators: name: Tahedl, Marlene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Cumulative sensitivity relative to the degree of simulated atrophy (across vertices/brain regions), comparison between the four tested methods and different thresholds for method 2. In method 2, a label was defined “atrophic” if a certain percentage of its vertices yielded pFWER <= 0.05. Here, the results for thresholds 1%, 5% (which is shown in the main text), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% are displayed
Cryogenic Characterization of 180 nm CMOS Technology at 100 mK
Creators: name: Huang, Roger
name: Gnani, Dario
name: Grace, Carl
name: Kolomensky, Yury
name: Mei, Yuan
name: Papadopoulou, Aikaterini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional CMOS technology operated at cryogenic conditions has recently attracted interest for its uses in low-noise electronics. We present one of the first characterizations of 180 nm CMOS technology at a temperature of 100 mK, extracting I/V characteristics, threshold voltages, and transconductance values, as well as observing their temperature dependence. We find that CMOS devices remain fully operational down to these temperatures, although we observe hysteresis effects in some devices. The measurements described in this paper can be used to inform the future design of CMOS devices intended to be operated in this deep cryogenic regime.
Persistence of a particle in the Matheron-de Marsily velocity field
Creators: name: Majumdar, Satya N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the longitudinal position $x(t)$ of a particle in a $(d+1)$-dimensional layered random velocity field (the Matheron-de Marsily model) can be identified as a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) characterized by a variable Hurst exponent $H(d)=1-d/4$ for $d<2$ and $H(d)=1/2$ for $d>2$. The fBm becomes marginal at $d=2$. Moreover, using the known first-passage properties of fBm we prove analytically that the disorder averaged persistence (the probability of no zero crossing of the process $x(t)$ upto time $t$) has a power law decay for large $t$ with an exponent $θ=d/4$ for $d<2$ and $θ=1/2$ for $d\geq 2$ (with logarithmic correction at $d=2$), results that were earlier derived by Redner based on heuristic arguments and supported by numerical simulations (S. Redner, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 56}, 4967 (1997)).
description: 4 pages Revtex, 1 .eps figure included, to appear in PRE Rapid Communication
Economic Threshold of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus in the Texas High Plains
Creators: name: Mulenga, Brian P.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Epplin, Francis M.
name: Rush, Charles M.
name: Workneh, Fekede
name: Mulenga, Brian P.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Epplin, Francis M.
name: Rush, Charles M.
name: Workneh, Fekede
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Wheat streak mosaic
subject: yield
subject: economic threshold
subject: profit

description: Wheat streak mosaic virus is among the most economically important viruses affecting winter wheat in the Great Plains region. Depending on infection severity, the virus can lead to significant yield loss, rendering continuation of mid-season input application uneconomical. Determining an economic threshold infection severity soon enough in the season so that farmers could discontinue input application, could increase farmer net returns and save resources. Using data from a field experiment involving 114 sample plots, which were sensed for the presence of the virus using reflectance readings, we conducted econometric and partial budget analysis to estimate the effect of the virus on yields, and determine the economic threshold level of infection. Results indicate varying threshold infection severity depending on the date of sensing, with earlier sensing having a higher threshold than sensing at a later date. Further, estimates show that the virus can reduce yields by as much as 35 percent for every unit increase in reflectance readings, between growth stages Feekes 5 and 6. Without a better predictor of yield losses, however, it is rarely going to be the case that it would pay to discontinue input application.
Additional file 1 of Technical requirements framework of hospital information systems: design and evaluation
Creators: name: Farzandipour, Mehrdad
name: Meidani, Zahra
name: Nabovati, Ehsan
name: Monireh Sadeqi Jabali
name: Banadaki, Razieh Dehghan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Technical requirements questionnaire.
Rhophitulus Ducke 1907
Creators: name: RAMOS, KELLI S.
name: KAWADA, RICARDO
name: BRANDÃO, CARLOS ROBERTO F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Rhophitulus

description: Rhophitulus Ducke
  Rhophitulus friesei Ducke, 1907a: 366  Paralectotype: 1♀ ‘ Brazil, Estado de Minas Ger. [ais]’ ‘[Brazil, Minas Gerais], Barbacena, 14.xii.1905, Ducke [col.]’ ‘Cotipo’ ‘ Rhophitulus friesei Ducke, typ[e]’ ‘102.559’. Comments: Paralectotype according designation by Nascimento (1979: 9).
description: Published as part of RAMOS, KELLI S., KAWADA, RICARDO & BRANDÃO, CARLOS ROBERTO F., 2015, Type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 335-361 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) (São Paulo) 55 (24) on page 340, DOI: 10.1590/0031-1049.2015.55.24, http://zenodo.org/record/4656393
Additional file 1 of Flowering in Persian walnut: patterns of gene expression during flower development
Creators: name: Hassankhah, Amin
name: Rahemi, Majid
name: Ramshini, Hossein
name: Sarikhani, Saadat
name: Vahdati, Kourosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products of the designed primer involved in flowering including FT (≈130 bp), CAL (≈170 bp), TFL1 (≈120 bp), SOC1 (≈130 bp), LFY (≈125 bp) and Actin (≈140 bp) genes.
The Clustering of XMM-Newton Hard X-ray Sources
Creators: name: Basilakos, S.
name: Georgakakis, A.
name: Plionis, M.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the clustering properties of hard (2-8 keV) X-ray selected sources detected in a wide field ($\approx \rm 2 deg^{2}$) shallow [$f_X(\rm 2-8 keV)\approx 10^{-14}\rm erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}$] and contiguous XMM-{\it Newton} survey. We perform an angular correlation function analysis using a total of 171 sources to the above flux limit. We detect a $\sim 4σ$ correlation signal out to 300 arcsec with $w(θ< 300^{''})\simeq 0.13 \pm 0.03$. Modeling the two point correlation function as a power law of the form $w(θ)=(θ_{\circ}/θ)^{γ-1}$ we find: $θ_{\circ}=48.9^{+15.8}_{-24.5}$ arcsec and $γ=2.2\pm {0.30}$. Fixing the correlation function slope to $γ=1.8$ we obtain $θ_{\circ}=22.2^{+9.4}_{-8.6}$ arcsec. Using Limber's intergral equation and a variety of possible luminosity functions of the hard X-ray population, we find a relatively large correlation length, ranging from $r_{\circ}\sim 9$ to 19 $h^{-1}$ Mpc (for $γ=1.8$ and the {\em concordance} cosmological model), with this range reflecting also different evolutionary models for the source luminosities and clustering characteristics. The relatively large correlation length is comparable to that of extremely red objects and luminous radio sources.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, ApJL accepted
Measuring the Heating and Cooling of the Interstellar Medium at High redshift: PAH and [C II] Observations of the Same Star Forming Galaxies at z~2
Creators: name: McKinney, Jed
name: Pope, Alexandra
name: Armus, Lee
name: Chary, Ranga-Ram
name: Diaz-Santos, Tanio
name: Dickinson, Mark E.
name: Kirkpatrick, Allison
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation depends critically on cooling mechanisms in the interstellar medium (ISM); however, thermal properties of gas in galaxies at the peak epoch of star formation (z ~ 2) remain poorly understood. A limiting factor in understanding the multiphase ISM is the lack of multiple tracers detected in the same galaxies, such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emission, a tracer of a critical photoelectric heating mechanism in interstellar gas, and [C II] 158μm fine-structure emission, a principal coolant. We present ALMA Band 9 observations targeting [C II] in six z ~ 2 star-forming galaxies with strong Spitzer IRS detections of PAH emission. All six galaxies are detected in dust continuum and marginally resolved. We compare the properties of PAH and [C II] emission, and constrain their relationship as a function of total infrared luminosity (LIR) and IR surface density. [C II] emission is detected in one galaxy at high signal-to-noise (34σ), and we place a secure upper limit on a second source. The rest of our sample are not detected in [C II] likely due to redshift uncertainties and narrow ALMA bandpass windows. Our results are consistent with the deficit in [C II]/LIR and PAH/LIR observed in the literature. However, the ratio of [C II] to PAH emission at z ~ 2 is possibly much lower than what is observed in nearby dusty star-forming galaxies. This could be the result of enhanced cooling via [O I] at high-z, hotter gas and dust temperatures, and/or a reduction in the photoelectric efficiency, in which the coupling between interstellar radiation and gas heating is diminished.
description: Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal, 22 pages, 11 figures