Gryllus undetermined
Creators: name: Herhold, Hollister W
name: Davis, Steven R
name: Degrey, Samuel P
name: Grimaldi, David A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllidae
Gryllus
Gryllus undetermined

description: Gryllus sp.
“Field cricket”
Figure 58 (lateral), 59 (dorsal), 60 (ventral)
Plates 35 (lateral), 36 (dorsal), 37 (ventral)
The prothorax features a cagelike network referred to as a “pronotal rim” (prt) by Ander, which we interpret here as T1-DVi.
DESCRIPTION: HEAD: Three paired trunks extending into head: H-DCT and H-VCT present, with additional ventral H-VLT branch from prothorax. Head branches highly networked and cagelike, with multiple dorsal-ventral and lateral connections, making assessment of homology challenging. Mouthparts, H-Ant, and H-Oc determined, but remaining tracheae are highly networked and not homologized here. Readers are referred to online digital models for interactive viewing and further research.
THORAX: T2-S positioned just posterior of foreleg with split opening, typical T2-S dorsal and secondary T2-VS ventral. T2-S with four branches: H-DCT, H-VCT, T2-DB, T2-VB. H-DCT thick, extending dorsad and medially, curving anteriad and extending into head; T1-DVi branching laterally and dorsad from H-DCT close to dorsal margin of T2-S, dividing into cagelike network of T1-DVi tracheae along pronotal wall. H-VCT with short T1-Cx running just anteriad of spiracular opening, extending anteriad and ventrally into forecoxa with multiple branches in a cagelike network similar to pronotum. H-VCT extends medially, curving anteriad and extending into head; T1-AL running ventrad at this curve. T2-DB runs dorsad, curving medially and ventrad as start of T2-DLT, T2-AWL extending laterally and dorsad near this curve, bifurcating into T2-Wbr posteriad and T2-AL ventrad, extending posteriorly toward T3-S; fanlike tracheae extend posteriorly from T2-DB, likely into flight muscles. T2-Wbr with T2-W-c-r branching dorsad into wing, while T2-Wbr continues ventrad, connecting with T3-DB. T2-VB runs ventrad, linking with T2-VLT; similar to T2-DB, fanlike flight muscle tracheae extend posteriorly from T2-VB. T2-VLT running posteriad, with T2-VC2 possible. T1-AL with posterior branch extending into forecoxa and linking with T2-Cx network; anterior branch running dorsad into prothorax. Multiple expanded visceral tracheae along venter; T1-VC possible but networked morphology makes homologies uncertain. T2-VS thick, extending directly mediad as T2-VC, meeting at midline with circular T2-Sept present; see figure 61 for internal cut-away view showing medial septum, and figure 62 for ventral view with legs removed for clarity. Large T1-PL runs dorsad and lateral from T2-VC, extending into foreleg as T1-L; T1-AL and T1-PL join only via smaller tracheae extending from T1-Cx network. T1-L-Ty tympanum present at proximal end of tibia. T3-S with five branches: T3-DB, T3-lvl, T3-suf, T2-PL, T3-VB. T3-DB runs dorsad, with connection to T2-Wbr just dorsal of T3-S; T3-DB continues dorsally, with T3-AWL splitting dorsad and slightly lateral; T3-DB connecting in Y-shaped junction with T2-DLT from anteriad and T3-DLT posteriorly. T3-DB-Vi dorsal, extending posteriad, ending blind with several small tracheae posteriad. T3-AWL with sharp curve ventrad and laterally, with dorsal branch to T3-Wbr at apex of curve; T3-Wbr with small T3-W-c-r branch posteriad; T3-AL thin, joining with T3-PL ventral from A1-S and continuing as very thick T3-L. Additional T3-VL branching laterally from T3-VLT, extending into hind leg, and joining in multiple-tracheae junction with T3-L; extremely large T3-Fm extending dorsad into hind femur; smaller T3-Fm2 almost linear from T3-VL along ventral part of hind leg. T3-VC1 and T3-VC2 anterior and posterior, respectively, along T3-VLT. T3-lvl proceeds medially from T3-DB for a short distance before splitting into two branches, both joining with T3-VLT, one anteriad and one more posteriad. T3-suf running mediad, curving ventrally to connect with T2-VLT. T2-PL runs mediad before curving laterally, extending into midleg. T3-VB extends directly ventrad, connecting to T3-VLT near T3-suf connection.
ABDOMEN: A1..8-S present; A1..2-S modified, remaining A3..8-S all similar. A1-S with two additional connections: T3-PL, running ventrad with connection to thin T3-AWL before continuing into hind leg; and T3-PWL, connecting anteriorly from T2-S. A1..8-DB present, running directly dorsad from spiracle and leading to A n - DLT, arcing posteriorly to link with subsequent A n -DB. A1..4-DLT with paired A n -DLT-Vi, wide but flattened, extending medially; anterior A3,4- DB-Vi smaller. A5..8-DLT with single A n -DLT- Vi. A1..8-DC absent; however, a few A n -DLT-DVi with small lateral commissure to opposite side present. A1..8-VB present, running directly ventrad and mediad, following sternite wall and connecting with straight A n -VLT, spanning length of abdomen. A n -VC absent. Numerous visceral tracheae extending into gut, with many Vi spanning several segments and some connecting spiracles, including A3-Vi, linking with A6-Vi on specimen left side. Several visceral branches lie close to others, appearing to join but remaining separate, such as A3-Vi close to A8-Vi on right side. Several visceral tracheae are labeled in the plates and figures; readers are directed to the online 3D supplemental models for additional detail. Notably large A-Cr extending from A8-DB.
description: Published as part of Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P & Grimaldi, David A, 2023, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA, pp. 1-184 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1) on pages 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, http://zenodo.org/record/7730159