cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of ultrasonic irrigation systems for debris and smear removal in root canals : a scanning electron microscope study
Creators: name: Parhar, Mark Azad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of continuous flow ultrasonic irrigation systems to conventional syringe irrigation in removing debris and smear layer in straight and curved root canals. Methods: Twenty-four maxillary recently extracted anterior teeth of curvature less than 10 degrees and 24 mesial roots of mandibular molars with a curvature between 15-30 degrees were instrumented to size 40, 0.04 taper and 35, 0.04 taper, respectively, using 3% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups according to the final irrigation technique: conventional syringe irrigation with a 30 gauge side vented needle, the PiezoFlow Ultrasonic irrigation system, and the VPro StreamClean Ultrasonic irrigation system. In all experimental groups, 15 mL of 3% sodium hypochlorite was used after instrumentation. Both ultrasonic systems were set at a flow rate of 15 mL/min and used for 1 minute at the ultrasonic power setting recommended by the manufacturer. This was followed by 3 mL of 17% EDTA for 2 minutes and 2 mL of sterile water. The teeth were sectioned and prepared for scanning electron microscope observation to assess the presence of debris and smear layer at the apical level (1, 3, 5 mm) with 200x and 1000x magnification, respectively. The debris was graded using Adobe Photoshop CS5 and two calibrated observers using a five-score scale graded the smear. All grading was blinded. The debris data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Dunett’s test and the smear layer scores were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis. Results: Concerning debris removal, no significant differences among groups were detected, however, the PiezoFlow Ultrasonic system approached significance at the 1 and 3 mm levels in the straight canals. The PiezoFlow Ultrasonic system resulted in significantly more smear layer removal at the 1 mm level in the straight canals compared to conventional syringe irrigation. Conclusion. The final irrigation techniques were unable to completely remove debris or smear layer from the apical 5 mm of the straight and curved canals, however, the PiezoFlow removed significantly more smear layer at the 1 mm level in straight canals.
A bidirectional relationship between sleep and oxidative stress in Drosophila
Creators: name: Hill, Vanessa Maria
name: O’Connor, Reed M.
name: Sissoko, Gunter B.
name: Irobunda, Ifeoma S.
name: Leong, Stephen
name: Canman, Julie
name: Stavropoulos, Nicholas
name: Shirasu-Hiza, Mimi M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Drosophila melanogaster--Genetics
subject: Oxidative stress--Pathophysiology
subject: Sleep--Physiological aspects--Research
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pathology

description: Although sleep appears to be broadly conserved in animals, the physiological functions of sleep remain unclear. In this study, we sought to identify a physiological defect common to a diverse group of short-sleeping Drosophila mutants, which might provide insight into the function and regulation of sleep. We found that these short-sleeping mutants share a common phenotype of sensitivity to acute oxidative stress, exhibiting shorter survival times than controls. We further showed that increasing sleep in wild-type flies using genetic or pharmacological approaches increases survival after oxidative challenge. Moreover, reducing oxidative stress in the neurons of wild-type flies by overexpression of antioxidant genes reduces the amount of sleep. Together, these results support the hypothesis that a key function of sleep is to defend against oxidative stress and also point to a reciprocal role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons in the regulation of sleep.
Updated study of the $η_c$ and $η_c^\prime$ decays into light vector mesons
Creators: name: Wang, Qian
name: Liu, Xiao-Hai
name: Zhao, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-investigate the exclusive decays of $η_c$ and $η_c^\prime$ to a pair of light vector mesons, i.e. $η_c (η_c')\to VV$. The long-distance intermediate meson loop (IML) effects are evaluated as a non-perturbative mechanism in addition to the short-distance $c\bar{c}$ annihilation contributions. We show that both processes can be reasonably well constrained with the help of the available experimental data. Since $η_c$ and $η_c'$ are the spin-0 partners of $J/ψ$ and $ψ'$, respectively, our study is useful for gaining insights into the pQCD helicity selection rule violations in charmonium decays and the long-standing "$ρπ$ puzzle".
description: 11 pages, 4 eps figures; Improved formulation based on 1010.1343[hep-ph]; Revised version accepted by Phys. Lett. B
Coherent radiation of microbunched beam in stack of two plates
Creators: name: Gevorgyan, Hayk
name: Gevorgyan, Lekdar
name: Ispiryan, Karo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present article is devoted to the radiation from an electron bunch with modulated density passes through the stack consisting of two plates with different thicknesses and electrodynamic properties. The new elegant expression for the frequency-angular distribution of transition radiation is obtained. Using the existence of resonant frequency at which the longitudinal form-factor of bunch not suppresses radiation coherence and choosing parameters for the stack of plates, one can also avoid suppression of the radiation coherence by transverse form-factor of bunch. The radiation from a bunch with modulated density in the process SASE FEL can be partially coherent at a resonant frequency. Then the intense sub monochromatic beam of X-ray photons is formed. On the other hand one can define an important parameter of density modulation depth of bunch which is unknown to this day.
Folate receptor-mediated targeted therapy for rheumatoid arthritis by methotrexate-phospholipid complex nano-emulsions
Creators: name: Li, Chenglong
name: Luo, Xi
name: Qian, Can
name: Huang, Jian
name: Yi, Xingyang
name: Su, Huaiyu
name: Han, Yangyun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Activated macrophages in arthritic joints play a prominent role in the initiation and persistence of RA. Despite great progress in the clinical treatment of RA, poor response and high discontinuation due to systemic toxicity remain unsolved issues, especially the well-known methotrexate (MTX). Therefore, active targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to pathogenic cells in arthritic joints is essential to increase in situ activity and decrease systemic toxicity. Here, we developed an MTX-loaded macrophage-targeted nano-emulsion (NE) based on the overexpression of folate receptor (FR) on activated macrophages, the inherent high affinity of FR for folate (FA), as well as the property of MTX and phospholipids to form complexes (MTX@PC). Intravenous injection of DID-labelled MTX@PC-FA NEs into adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) mice, in vivo images and flow cytometry results revealed that the NEs were highly targeted to inflamed joints and macrophages, respectively. Therapeutic studies suggested that this strategy was conducive to achieve high efficacy and low toxicity of MTX in the treatment of RA. Our research highlights MTX@PC-FA NEs as a potential treatment option for RA targeting the FR-expressed activated macrophages.
title: Advanced High-Performance Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Physical Sensors
Creators: name: Rahman, Md Sazzadur
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nanocomposites
subject: Polymer-derived Ceramics
subject: Hydrogel
subject: Metal Organic Framework
subject: Organohydrogel
subject: Pressure Sensor
subject: Strain Sensor
subject: Wearable Electronics
subject: Health Monitoring
subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Materials Science

description: Composite materials reinforced with nanometer-sized fillers are widely recognized for enhancing polymer properties and introducing multifunctional capabilities. Nanofiller reinforcement transforms conventional polymers into intelligent materials, offering potential for diverse applications, including electronics, sensors, biomedical devices, aerospace, and defense. This dissertation focuses on the development of soft and rigid nanocomposite materials for multimodal sensors designed for harsh environments and wearable technologies in healthcare and biomedical applications. The research commenced with the fabrication of polymer-derived silicon oxycarbide ceramics (SiOCPDC), reinforced with β-SiC nanopowders (SiCNP) using masked stereolithography (MSLA)-based 3D printing, followed by pyrolysis at 1100 °C. By optimizing SiCNP concentration, a gauge factor (GF) of 6129–8987 was achieved for pressures ranging from 0.5 to 5 MPa, surpassing the sensitivity of existing SiOC ceramics. This cost-effective method makes SiOCPDC a strong candidate for high-performance pressure/load sensing in extreme conditions. Next, a multifunctional hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide (AM) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), reinforced with zeolite imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8), was developed. This hydrogel demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, including 808% stretchability, 453.5 kJ/m³ toughness, and minimal hysteresis (2.6%). With a gauge factor of 2.98, it is highly suitable for wearable strain sensing in health monitoring. Finally, a nanocomposite organohydrogel, based on a poly(acrylamide)-co-hydroxyethyl acrylate (PAAm-co-HEA) network reinforced with cobalt imidazole metal-organic framework (Co-MOF), was developed. The organohydrogel exhibited remarkable multifunctional properties, including high stretchability (2225%), toughness, self-adhesion, rapid self-healing, stability over a wide temperature range (-80 to 80 °C), and dual responsiveness for multimodal sensing. It demonstrated capacitive pressure sensitivity (0.75 kPa⁻¹) and thermosensitivity (1.10% °C⁻¹), making it suitable for gait analysis and temperature monitoring. Together, these nanocomposite materials demonstrated significant advancements in high-performance pressure sensing, flexible electronics, and wearable technologies. While the SiCNP reinforced SiOCPDC nanocomposite was utilized for high-performance pressure sensing in extreme conditions, the multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel and organohydrogel offer robust solutions for wearable sensing systems, providing promising applications in healthcare, biomedical devices, and environmental monitoring.
Prospective trial of different antimicrobial treatment durations for presumptive canine urinary tract infections
Creators: name: Allerton, Fergus
name: Pouwels, Koen B.
name: Bazelle, Julien
name: Caddy, Sarah
name: Cauvin, Andria
name: De Risio, Luisa
name: Swann, James
name: Warland, James
name: Kent, Andrew
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Study Protocol
Nephrology and urology
Veterinary antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use
Antimicrobial stewardship
Antimicrobial resistance
duration
Urinary tract infection
Canine
Duration-response curve

description: Abstract: Background: Avoidance of unnecessary antimicrobial administration is a key tenet of antimicrobial stewardship; knowing the optimal duration of therapy obviates over-treatment. However, little research has been performed to establish course lengths for common canine infections. In clinical practice, antimicrobial therapy is frequently prescribed in dogs presenting lower urinary tract signs (haematuria, pollakiuria and dysuria/stranguria). The proposed length of treatment in International Consensus guidelines has decreased with each iteration, but these recommendations remain arbitrary and largely extrapolated from experience in people. Methods: The objective of this prospective, multi-centre study is to find the shortest course duration that is non-inferior to the standard duration of 7 days of amoxicillin/clavulanate in terms of clinical outcomes for female dogs with lower urinary tract signs consistent with a urinary tract infection. An electronic data capture platform will be used by participating veterinarians working in clinical practice in the United Kingdom. Eligible dogs must be female, aged between 6 months and 10 years and have lower urinary tract signs of up to seven days’ duration. Enrolment will be offered in cases where the case clinician intends to prescribe antimicrobial therapy. Automatic pseudo-randomisation to treatment group will be based on the day of presentation (Monday-Friday); all antimicrobial courses will be completed on the Sunday after presentation generating different treatment durations. Follow-up data will be collected 1, 8 and 22–26 days after completion of the antimicrobial course to ensure effective safety netting, and to monitor short-term outcome and recurrence rates. Informed owner consent will be obtained in all cases. The study is approved by the Ethical Review Board of the University of Nottingham and has an Animal Test Certificate from the Veterinary Medicine’s Directorate. Discussion: This study has been designed to mirror current standards of clinical management; conclusions should therefore, be widely applicable and guide practising veterinarians in their antimicrobial decision-making process. A duration-response curve will be created allowing determination of the optimal treatment duration for the management of female dogs with lower urinary tract signs. It is hoped that these results will contribute valuable information to improve future antimicrobial stewardship as part of a wider one-health perspective.
Masses, Radii, and Cloud Properties of the HR 8799 Planets
Creators: name: Marley, Mark S.
name: Saumon, Didier
name: Cushing, Michael
name: Ackerman, Andrew S.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Freedman, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The near-infrared colors of the planets directly imaged around the A star HR 8799 are much redder than most field brown dwarfs of the same effective temperature. Previous theoretical studies of these objects have concluded that the atmospheres of planets b, c, and d are unusually cloudy or have unusual cloud properties. Some studies have also found that the inferred radii of some or all of the planets disagree with expectations of standard giant planet evolution models. Here we compare the available data to the predictions of our own set of atmospheric and evolution models that have been extensively tested against observations of field L and T dwarfs, including the reddest L dwarfs. Unlike some previous studies we require mutually consistent choices for effective temperature, gravity, cloud properties, and planetary radius. This procedure thus yields plausible values for the masses, effective temperatures, and cloud properties of all three planets. We find that the cloud properties of the HR 8799 planets are not unusual but rather follow previously recognized trends, including a gravity dependence on the temperature of the L to T spectral transition--some reasons for which we discuss. We find the inferred mass of planet b is highly sensitive to whether or not we include the H and K band spectrum in our analysis. Solutions for planets c and d are consistent with the generally accepted constraints on the age of the primary star and orbital dynamics. We also confirm that, like in L and T dwarfs and solar system giant planets, non-equilibrium chemistry driven by atmospheric mixing is also important for these objects. Given the preponderance of data suggesting that the L to T spectral type transition is gravity dependent, we present an exploratory evolution calculation that accounts for this effect. Finally we recompute the the bolometric luminosity of all three planets.
description: 52 pages, 12 figures, Astrophysical Journal, in press. v2 features minor editorial updates and corrections
Magnetic field estimates for accreting neutron stars in massive binary systems and models of magnetic field decay
Creators: name: Chashkina, A.
name: Popov, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some modern models of neutron star evolution predict that initially large magnetic fields rapidly decay down to some saturation value $\sim {\rm few}\times 0^{13}$ G and weaker magnetic fields do not decay significantly (Pons). It is difficult to check the predictions of this model for initially highly magnetized objects on the time scale of a few million years. We propose to use Be/X-ray binaries for this purpose. We apply several methods to estimate magnetic fields of neutron stars in these accreting systems using the data obtained by the RXTE satellite (Galache). Only using the most modern approach for estimating the magnetic field strengths of long period NSs as proposed by Shakura we are able to obtain a field distribution compatible with predictions of the theoretical model of field decay of Pons.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, accepted to New Astronomy
title: Excursions in Latinx-Canadian Music: A Critical Appreciation Inquiry to Envision Transcultural Identities Among Language Learners and Teachers
Creators: name: Moreau, Eve
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: transcultural literacies
subject: Spanish as a foreign language
subject: Latinx Canadian teachers
subject: new materialism
subject: Indigenous knowledge
subject: critical appreciative inquiry
subject: Education--Bilingual and Multicultural
subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Education--Language and Literature

description: Beyond curricular content, teaching in Canada calls educators to address Indigeneity while being culturally responsive to the diasporic community of learners in their classrooms. Increasingly globalized classrooms and commitments to teach Indigenous ways of knowing present a complex environment. For language teachers, beyond teaching a language, this environment challenges them to design learning that weaves in Indigenous knowledge while leveraging students’ intricate assemblage of relations to languages, lands, peoples, and materials that connect them to various places on the globe. This study explored two questions: (a) How might a Spanish language teacher consider Latinx Canadian music as a pedagogical agent in developing transcultural literacies of youth? (b) How can pedagogical experiences with Latinx Canadian music engage adolescent learners in the exploration and expression of their transcultural identities? It took place at Legados Latin American Institute for the Transmission of Language and Culture (herein Legados) in Montréal, Canada, whose vision is to sustain the language and culture of Spanish-speaking communities and to provide courses in Spanish as a foreign language. By marrying new materialism with a transcultural literacies approach, I analyzed how the material relations produced the teaching and learning assemblage and shaped students’ exploration and expression. Furthermore, I took an active role in supporting the cocreation of learning experiences that fostered the discovery of the heterogenous ways in which students are interconnected. Methodologically, I applied critical appreciative inquiry to contribute to the professional growth of a Spanish language teacher at a school in Montréal and to expand Legados’s curricular resources. Through internet research, the teacher participant and I selected songs based on themes and representations of Indigeneity, migration, and transcultural identities across North and South America and designed lessons to explore how a Spanish language classroom could be retrofitted to become a musical ecosystem, inclusive of the diverse voices of Latinx Canadian diasporic communities. I examine the findings in relation to the two research questions, noting the relationships and affects that emerged through the research assemblage. Finally, I highlight the capacities that were produced from the material relations and consider their significance for Spanish language education and transcultural literacies research.
Can massive primordial black holes be produced in mild waterfall hybrid inflation?
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Tada, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the possibility whether the massive primordial black holes (PBHs) surviving today can be produced in hybrid inflation. Though it is of great interest since such PBHs can be the candidate for dark matter or seeds of the supermassive black holes in galaxies, there have not been quantitatively complete works yet because of the non-perturbative behavior around the critical point of hybrid inflation. Therefore, combining the stochastic and $δN$ formalism, we numerically calculated the curvature perturbations in a non-perturbative way and found, without any specific assumption of the types of hybrid inflation, PBHs are rather overproduced when the waterfall phase of hybrid inflation continues so long that the PBH scale is well enlarged and the corresponding PBH mass becomes sizable enough.
description: 1+19 pages, 5 figures, JCAP accepted version with updated figures
Silencing of StRIK in potato suggests a role in periderm related to RNA processing and stress
Creators: name: Boher, Pau
name: Soler, Marçal
name: Fernández-Piñán, Sandra
name: Torrent, Xènia
name: Müller, Sebastian Y.
name: Kelly, Krystyna A.
name: Serra, Olga
name: Figueras, Mercè
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Development and cell biology
RS2-INTERACTING KH PROTEIN
Potato tuber periderm
Flowering
RNA regulation
KH-domain RNA-binding protein

description: Abstract: Background: The periderm is a protective barrier crucial for land plant survival, but little is known about genetic factors involved in its development and regulation. Using a transcriptomic approach in the cork oak (Q. suber) periderm, we previously identified an RS2-INTERACTING KH PROTEIN (RIK) homologue of unknown function containing a K homology (KH)-domain RNA-binding protein, as a regulatory candidate gene in the periderm. Results: To gain insight into the function of RIK in the periderm, potato (S. tuberosum) tuber periderm was used as a model: the full-length coding sequence of RIK, hereafter referred to as StRIK, was isolated, the transcript profile analyzed and gene silencing in potato performed to analyze the silencing effects on periderm anatomy and transcriptome. The StRIK transcript accumulated in all vegetative tissues studied, including periderm and other suberized tissues such as root and also in wounded tissues. Downregulation of StRIK in potato by RNA interference (StRIK-RNAi) did not show any obvious effects on tuber periderm anatomy but, unlike Wild type, transgenic plants flowered. Global transcript profiling of the StRIK-RNAi periderm did show altered expression of genes associated with RNA metabolism, stress and signaling, mirroring the biological processes found enriched within the in silico co-expression network of the Arabidopsis orthologue. Conclusions: The ubiquitous expression of StRIK transcript, the flower associated phenotype and the differential expression of StRIK-RNAi periderm point out to a general regulatory role of StRIK in diverse plant developmental processes. The transcriptome analysis suggests that StRIK might play roles in RNA maturation and stress response in the periderm.
Monte Carlo versus multilevel Monte Carlo in weak error simulations of SPDE approximations
Creators: name: Lang, Annika
name: Petersson, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C05, 60H15, 41A25, 65C30, 65N30

description: The simulation of the expectation of a stochastic quantity E[Y] by Monte Carlo methods is known to be computationally expensive especially if the stochastic quantity or its approximation Y_n is expensive to simulate, e.g., the solution of a stochastic partial differential equation. If the convergence of Y_n to Y in terms of the error |E[Y - Y_n]| is to be simulated, this will typically be done by a Monte Carlo method, i.e., |E[Y] - E_N[Y_n]| is computed. In this article upper and lower bounds for the additional error caused by this are determined and compared to those of |E_N[Y - Y_n]|, which are found to be smaller. Furthermore, the corresponding results for multilevel Monte Carlo estimators, for which the additional sampling error converges with the same rate as |E[Y - Y_n]|, are presented. Simulations of a stochastic heat equation driven by multiplicative Wiener noise and a geometric Brownian motion are performed which confirm the theoretical results and show the consequences of the presented theory for weak error simulations.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures; formulated Section 2 independently of SPDEs, shortened Section 3, added example of geometric Brownian motion in Section 4
Charge Resistance in a Majorana RC circuit
Creators: name: Golub, Anatoly
name: Grosfeld, Eytan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamical charge response in a "Majorana Coulomb box" realized by two Majorana bound states hosted at the ends of a mesoscopic topological superconductor. One side of the wire is coupled to a normal lead and low frequency gate voltage is applied to the system. There is no dc-current; the system can be considered as an RC quantum circuit. We calculate the effective capacitance and charge relaxation resistance. The latter is in agreement with the Korringa-Shiba formula where, however, the charge relaxation resistance is equal to h/2e^2. This value corresponds to the strong Coulomb blockade limit described by a resonant model formulated by Fu [PRL 104, 056402 (2010)]. We also performed direct calculations using the latter model and defined its parameters by direct comparison with our perturbation theory results.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, published version
New and bioactive polyketides from Hawaiian marine-derived fungus Trichoderma sp. FM652
Creators: name: Zaman, KH Ahammad Uz
name: Wu, Xiaohua
name: Sarotti, Ariel M.
name: Cao, Shugeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: Two new sorbicillinoid derivatives (1 and 2), together with ten other related compounds (3–12) were isolated from a Hawaiian marine fungal strain Trichoderma sp. FM652. The structures of compounds 1 and 2, including the absolute configuration, were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compounds 6–12 exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity against ovarian cancer cell line A2780, with the IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 8.07 μM. Moreover, compounds 1, 7 and 8 showed significant inhibition against NF-κB with IC50 values of 13.83, 24.40 and 14.63 µM, respectively. Compounds 6, 9 and 12 also demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against S. aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus with the MIC values in the range of 10–40 μg/mL.
Numerical analysis of lognormal diffusions on the sphere
Creators: name: Herrmann, Lukas
name: Lang, Annika
name: Schwab, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G60, 60G15, 60G17, 33C55, 41A25, 60H15, 60H35, 65C30, 65N30

description: Numerical solutions of stationary diffusion equations on the unit sphere with isotropic lognormal diffusion coefficients are considered. Hölder regularity in $L^p$ sense for isotropic Gaussian random fields is obtained and related to the regularity of the driving lognormal coefficients. This yields regularity in $L^p$ sense of the solution to the diffusion problem in Sobolev spaces. Convergence rate estimates of multilevel Monte Carlo Finite and Spectral Element discretizations of these problems are then deduced. Specifically, a convergence analysis is provided with convergence rate estimates in terms of the number of Monte Carlo samples of the solution to the considered diffusion equation and in terms of the total number of degrees of freedom of the spatial discretization, and with bounds for the total work required by the algorithm in the case of Finite Element discretizations. The obtained convergence rates are solely in terms of the decay of the angular power spectrum of the (logarithm) of the diffusion coefficient. Numerical examples confirm the presented theory.
description: 35 pages, 1 figure; rewritten Sections 2 and 3, added numerical experiments
title: Detecting Brain Vulnerability using Network Neuroscience Methods
Creators: name: Chen, Xining
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Network neuroscience
subject: Network science
subject: Brain vulnerability
subject: Computer Science
subject: Neuroscience

description: In this thesis, I present a sophisticated pipeline for functional subnetwork detection that applies to individualized brain data analysis. The pipeline is presented as part of a research toolkit for network neuroscience research that includes both analysis and multiple neuroimaging exports, enabling better communication in an interdisciplinary field. The pipeline and analytical tools presented were used to evaluate the brain's health status and its risk of dysfunction, an area of research with limited data-driven methodologies due to its complexity. I evaluated how brain vulnerability manifests in two at-risk cohorts; the first study investigates how ovarian hormones affect functional brain networks resulting in a window of vulnerability to affective disorders during the menstrual cycle. Using the toolkit's efficient functional subnetwork detection pipeline, we tracked each participant's brain organization changes across the menstrual cycle. We found that ovarian hormones influence regions in the brain responsible for mood regulation and emotion, starting earlier in the menstrual cycle than expected. The second study opens a new avenue for assessing brain vulnerability to cognitive impairment in those who experienced a transient ischemic attack, a mini-stroke with symptoms subsiding within 24 hours. Traditional cognitive evaluation methods such as clinical assessments found no longitudinal changes within this dataset, although there are significant cross-sectional differences between the afflicted group versus the control group. Using controllability metrics from network control theory, we found that individuals who had a transient ischemic attack showed subtle yet significant control changes within the brain's sub-structures that are important for executive and perceptual functions. This demonstrates the sensitivity of controllability metrics and how they can be used to detect brain vulnerability to cognitive decline. The results of this thesis shed light on how vulnerability is expressed in different brain network models. This highlights the comprehensiveness and versatility of the code base and its computational efficiency to support the analysis of cohorts at the individual level. Given the trend towards large neuroimaging datasets to support statistical power, and the pressing need to understand the great diversity in human brain architecture, the toolkit offers a powerful and timely tool for researchers of brain health.
Kunimaipa Phonology: Hierarchical Levels
Creators: name: Pence, Alan (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1966

description: KUNIMAIPA PHONOLOGY: HIERARCHICAL LEVELS. 49 0. Introduction 49 1. Phonological Sentence 50 2. Phonological Phrase 51 3. Phonological Word 52 4. Syllable 55 5. Phoneme 56 5.1. Contrast 57 5.2. Variation 58 5.3. Distribution 63 5.4. Orthography 65Notes 66
Additional file 1 of Comparison of the treatment efficacy of umbilical mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via renal subcapsular and parenchymal routes in AKI-CKD mice
Creators: name: Huang, Mengjie
name: Li, Duo
name: Chen, Jianwen
name: Ji, Yuwei
name: Su, Tingyu
name: Chen, Yulan
name: Zhang, Yingjie
name: Wang, Yuanda
name: Li, Fei
name: Chen, Shang
name: Dong, Yu
name: Li, Qinggang
name: Wu, Lingling
name: Feng, Zhe
name: Wu, Jie
name: Zhang, Li
name: Li, Zongjin
name: Cai, Guangyan
name: Chen, Xiangmei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Surgical transplantation of Col-MSCs under the renal capsule or into the parenchyma in a mouse model of IRI.Supplementary Figure 2. Differences in the antifibrotic effects of subcapsular and parenchymal MSC transplantation in AKI-CKD mice at 14 days.Supplementary Figure 3. Gross images of ink diffusion after injection via the subcapsular and parenchymal routes.Supplementary Figure 4. Changes in kidney pathological damage after MSC transplantation via the subcapsular and parenchymal routes at 24h. Supplementary Figure 5. The injured kidney tissue at the injection site by renal parenchymal route.
title: Extracting Actionable Requirements from Crisis Event Tweets for Requirements Engineers
Creators: name: Shrestha, Tejash
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Requirements Extarction
subject: Requirements Engineering
subject: Natural Language Processing
subject: Actionable Tweets
subject: Large Language Model
subject: Crisis Tweets
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Computer Science

description: Developing crisis-related software applications is a key part of crisis management, but gathering comprehensive requirements for the application is a challenge for requirements engineers, as incomplete requirements can lead to applications lacking essential features. With the rise of social media, vast amounts of public data are now available for extracting crisis-related data to be used for feature specification. However, extracting key information poses challenges. This study therefore introduces a framework for extracting actionable requirements from social media, specifically analyzing crisis related tweets using fine-tuned machine learning models. The framework identifies highly relevant tweets based on a taxonomy of sources of information and the priority of tweets, then employs tools and techniques like word clouds, emotion analysis, and topic modeling to reveal insights. We used a 2-2-step prompting approach with GPT-4o to extract requirements through actionable tweets. In our study, 87 requirements were extracted from the actionable information sources, reflecting the needs expressed during crises. These requirements were then translated into potential features for a "Crisis or Emergency Management" application. When compared with 32 existing mobile apps, it shows a 75.6% match and identifies 34 unique features for future development.
title: Off the Beaten Path: New Perspectives on the Role of Context for Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Creators: name: Piercey, Philip James
Publisher: name: Haskayne School of Business
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: innovation modes
subject: events
subject: evolution
subject: entrepreneurial ecosystems
subject: advice
subject: nascent entrepreneurs
subject: distance
subject: Business Administration--Management

description: This thesis presents new ways of examining the underlying conditions that characterize geographic contexts of entrepreneurship and innovation. Regionalist approaches currently predominate research into the geography of innovation modes. In contrast, this thesis’ first study applies a spatial approach that highlights the role of geographic distance. Logistic regression tests of 4887 Canadian small firms indicate that the learning activities of the science-technology-innovation (STI) mode and the external dimension of the doing-using-interacting (DUI) mode are more likely at close distances from metropolitan regions. Whereas these activities rely on external interactions, the internal activities associated with the DUI mode appear comparatively viable in non-proximal locations. The second study introduces an event-based investigation of entrepreneurial ecosystem evolution. Prior research in this area has been feature-oriented, involving relatively stable aspects of ecosystems. Through its emphasis on discontinuities, event-based research can address the dynamic and chaotic nature of entrepreneurial ecosystems. This study collected social media discourse data to investigate how a potential triggering event, the acquisition of a unicorn firm (i.e., those with an estimated value of $1 billion or more), influenced attitudes in two Canadian ecosystems. Quantitative sentiment analysis and qualitative thematic analysis are combined to reveal that unicorn firm acquisitions are understood via meta-narrative frames. These shape attitudes toward entrepreneurship and the event itself, thereby providing a microfoundations explanation of entrepreneurial ecosystem evolution. Advisory services are a staple among entrepreneurship support organizations, particularly as a means of orienting entrepreneurs to local contexts. The third study sheds light on the discursive processes that engender the use of advice in entrepreneurial decision-making (i.e., advice-taking). Data capturing interactions between advisors and nascent entrepreneurs enabled a qualitative analysis of dialogues from 30 nascent entrepreneurs in Alberta, Canada. The findings first provide a grammatical model of advice sequences. Analysis of these sequences suggest that while iterative co-creation of advice contributes to advice-taking, this outcome can be achieved through alternative sequences as well. The importance of responses, learning signals, and the order of discursive moves, is explained.
title: Effects of L-carnitine on developmental competence of bovine oocytes
Creators: name: Salek Abdollahi, Farzaneh
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Oocyte maturation
subject: Embryo cryopreservation
subject: Lipid content
subject: L-carnitine
subject: Hippo signaling
subject: Veterinary Science

description: Improving reproductive efficiency is essential for meeting the growing demands of livestock production. In vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos has enormous potential for enhancing reproductive efficiency of elite animals. However, its efficiency remains low due to poor rates of embryo development and reduced cryosurvival of IVP embryos, necessitating further research. The objective was to compare effects of various maturation media components, including fetal bovine serum (FBS), FBS + L-carnitine, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on oocyte maturation, lipid content, developmental competence, and cryotolerance of resulting embryos. Additionally, impacts of L-carnitine in FBS-containing media on Hippo signaling in bovine oocytes was also examined. Bovine ovaries were collected from a local abattoir and oocytes were recovered and matured in vitro with FBS, BSA, or FBS + 1.5- or 3.0-mM L-carnitine. Oocyte maturation was assessed based on polar body formation, lipid content was assessed with Nile Red staining, and embryo development was evaluated by assessing cleavage and blastocyst rates. Embryos were cryopreserved and cryotolerance was assessed by evaluating their ability to undergo re-expansion and hatching. Expression of Hippo pathway genes and maturation markers were assessed through RT-qPCR. Maturation rates did not differ among FBS alone (83.2%) and FBS with L-carnitine (1.5 or 3.0 mM; 82.0 and 80.0%, respectively). However, the BSA group had a lower maturation rate (70.6%) compared to other groups. Expression of maturation markers, cyclin B and Cdk1, were similar between FBS and FBS + L-carnitine groups. Lipid content was reduced significantly in BSA and FBS + L-carnitine compared to the FBS. Neither cleavage nor blastocyst rates differed between FBS and FBS + L-carnitine groups. Oocytes matured with 1.5 mM L-carnitine had a significantly higher cleavage rate compared to BSA. Post-thaw, embryos from the FBS + L-carnitine group had the highest re-expansion rate at 24 h (78.8%), whereas the BSA and FBS groups had lower rates. Expression of Hippo pathway genes was not significantly altered by L-carnitine. Therefore, it was concluded that L-carnitine enhanced cryotolerance and reduced lipid accumulation without affecting maturation or Hippo signaling.
title: Maternal Subjective Social Status in Rural Nicaragua: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Cultural and Economic Factors
Creators: name: Seyler, Amanda
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Subjective Social Status
subject: Maternal Health
subject: Rural Health
subject: Common Mental Disorders
subject: Social Determinants of Health
subject: Mixed-Methods
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Background: Across cultures, women, especially mothers, experience disproportionate levels of inequality, which generally manifests in relatively poorer health outcomes. One measure of inequality, socioeconomic status (SES), is strongly and positively associated with maternal health. Recently, subjective social status (SSS), one’s perceived rank relative to others in the social hierarchy, has been found to better predict health outcomes than objective measures of SES (OSS), such as income, education, and occupation. Indeed, in the rural community of Los Robles, Nicaragua, SSS was found to be positively correlated with maternal mental health (MMH). However, the variables that people use to determine their SSS are poorly understood. Purpose: This mixed-methods study investigates how maternal SSS is perceived and assigned within Los Robles. In the long term, it is hoped that this will, in turn, inform a better understanding of the determinants of MMH. Methods: Cross-sectional data collected in 2015 were used to examine factors associated with maternal SSS (n = 236), specifically household wealth (HHW), education, household food insecurity (HFI), MMH, and perceived social support (PSS). Ordinal logistic regression (OLR) modelling was used to assess these variables’ effect on SSS and to test the hypothesis that maternal SSS in Los Robles is more strongly associated with psychosocial factors (HFI, MMH, PSS) than OSS (HHW, education). In 2023, ethnographic fieldwork, including qualitative interviews (n = 16) with mothers who had participated in the 2015 surveys, was conducted to explore the context-specific dimensions of SSS. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis to complement and provide depth to the quantitative results. Results: Quantitative and qualitative analyses found that OSS factors, HHW (COR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16), and income were positively associated with SSS. Notably, PSS had the strongest association with SSS in the OLR model, with a one-unit increase in PSS associated with an 84% (COR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.54) higher likelihood of higher SSS. Qualitative findings demonstrated further support for interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, and religiosity affecting SSS independent of OSS. Conclusions: These findings indicate that psychosocial factors, alongside OSS, influence how maternal SSS is perceived in Los Robles.
Reconstruction of financial network for robust estimation of systemic risk
Creators: name: Mastromatteo, Iacopo
name: Zarinelli, Elia
name: Marsili, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we estimate the propagation of liquidity shocks through interbank markets when the information about the underlying credit network is incomplete. We show that techniques such as Maximum Entropy currently used to reconstruct credit networks severely underestimate the risk of contagion by assuming a trivial (fully connected) topology, a type of network structure which can be very different from the one empirically observed. We propose an efficient message-passing algorithm to explore the space of possible network structures, and show that a correct estimation of the network degree of connectedness leads to more reliable estimations for systemic risk. Such algorithm is also able to produce maximally fragile structures, providing a practical upper bound for the risk of contagion when the actual network structure is unknown. We test our algorithm on ensembles of synthetic data encoding some features of real financial networks (sparsity and heterogeneity), finding that more accurate estimations of risk can be achieved. Finally we find that this algorithm can be used to control the amount of information regulators need to require from banks in order to sufficiently constrain the reconstruction of financial networks.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, version to appear in JSTAT
Squeezed Bispectrum in the $δN$ Formalism: Local Observer Effect in Field Space
Creators: name: Tada, Yuichiro
name: Vennin, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prospects of future galaxy surveys for non-Gaussianity measurements call for the development of robust techniques for computing the bispectrum of primordial cosmological perturbations. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to the calculation of the squeezed bispectrum in multiple-field inflation. With use of the $δN$ formalism, our framework sheds new light on the recently pointed out difference between the squeezed bispectrum for global observers and that for local observers, while allowing one to calculate both. For local observers in particular, the squeezed bispectrum is found to vanish in single-field inflation. Furthermore, our framework allows one to go beyond the near-equilateral ("small hierarchy") limit, and to automatically include intrinsic non-Gaussianities that do not need to be calculated separately. The explicit computational programme of our method is given and illustrated with a few examples.
description: 1+33 pages, 6 figures, matches published version in JCAP