cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary text and figures from A phylogenomic framework for pelagiarian fishes (Acanthomorpha: Percomorpha) highlights mosaic radiation in the open ocean.
Creators: name: Friedman, Matt
name: Feilich, Kara L.
name: Hermione T. Beckett
name: Alfaro, Michael E.
name: Faircloth, Brant C.
name: Černý, David
name: Miya, Masaki
name: Near, Thomas J.
name: Harrington, Richard C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: The fish clade Pelagiaria, which includes tunas as its most famous members, evolved remarkable morphological and ecological variety in a setting not generally considered conducive to diversification: the open ocean. Relationships within Pelagiaria have proven elusive due to short internodes subtending major lineages suggestive of rapid early divergences. Using a novel sequence dataset of over 1000 ultraconserved DNA elements (UCEs) for 94 of the 286 species of Pelagiaria (more than 70% of genera), we provide a time-calibrated phylogeny for this widely distributed clade. Some inferred relationships have clear precedents (e.g. the monophyly of ‘core’ Stromateoidei, and a clade comprising ‘Gempylidae’ and Trichiuridae), but others are unexpected despite strong support (e.g. Chiasmodontidae + Tetragonurus). Relaxed molecular clock analysis using node-based fossil calibrations estimates a latest Cretaceous origin for Pelagiaria, with crown-group families restricted to the Cenozoic. Estimated mean speciation rates decline from the origin of the group in the latest Cretaceous, although credible intervals for root and tip rates are broad and overlap in most cases, and there is higher-than-expected partitioning of body shape diversity (measured as fineness ratio) between clades concentrated during the Palaeocene–Eocene. By contrast, more direct measures of ecology show either no substantial deviation from a null model of diversification (diet) or patterns consistent with evolutionary constraint or high rates of recent change (depth habitat). Collectively, these results indicate a mosaic model of diversification. Pelagiarians show high morphological disparity and modest species richness compared to better-studied fish radiations in contrasting environments. However, this pattern is also apparent in other clades in open-ocean or deep-sea habitats, and suggests that comparative study of such groups might provide a more inclusive model of the evolution of diversity in fishes.
Spin Polarization Inversion at Benzene-Absorbed Fe4N Surface
Creators: name: Zhang, Qian
name: Mi, Wenbo
name: Wang, Xiaocha
name: Wang, Xuhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a first-principle study on electronic structure and simulation of the spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy graphic of a benzene/Fe4N interface. Fe4N is a compound ferromagnet suitable for many spintronic applications. We found that, depending on the particular termination schemes and interface configurations, the spin polarization on the benzene surface shows a rich variety of properties ranging from cosine-type oscillation to polarization inversion. Spin-polarization inversion above benzene is resulting from the hybridizations between C pz and the out-of-plane d orbitals of Fe atom.
description: To appear in Scientific Reports
An Internet-Based Weight Loss Intervention Initiated by a Newspaper
Creators: name: Bastian, Lori A.
name: Østbye, Truls
name: Carter-Edwards, Lori
name: Amamoo, M. Ahinee
name: Schultz, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: BackgroundAn estimated two-thirds of North Carolina residents are overweight or obese. Mass media, such as newspapers and the Internet, can be used to broadly convey health messages for weight loss.ContextNewspapers have traditionally been a primary source of health information for the general public. They may be uniquely suited to initiate and manage a community-based weight loss program by quickly reaching a broad readership.MethodsParticipants in the 2005 Lose to Win weight loss challenge visited the Herald-Sun Web site and anonymously entered a nickname and identification number and reported their weight each week. Participants had access to weekly articles on diet and physical activity and 4 free educational seminars.ConsequencesOf the 154 participants who self-reported weight at baseline and during the last week of the challenge, the mean weight lost was 5.9 lb.InterpretationResults suggest that this challenge fostered health awareness and promoted weight loss in the community. Future interventions of this type should use strategies to increase participation and retention, improve the accuracy of reported weight, and evaluate long-term success of the program. This type of intervention may be a useful first step to reach residents who are interested in losing weight.
Nuclear ITS and LSU sequence analysis of Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyta)-like species from the China Sea
Creators: name: F.CHEN, Guo
name: WANG, Guang C.
name: ZHANG, Bao Y.
name: BaiC.ZHOU, BaiC.ZHOU
name: FAN, Xiao L.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2007

description: Five strains of Skeletonema costatum-like species were isolated from different coastal regions of the China Sea,
 where red tides occurred. The internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2) and the partial large subunit
 rDNA (D1-D2 hyper-variable domain) regions of these strains were sequenced and aligned with sequences obtained from other
 Skeletonema strains. The five strains showed considerable sequence variation and also length variation among their ITS
 regions, whereas their partial LSU regions exhibited less variation. Their 5.8S rDNA were identical. The LSU and ITS trees
 provided different topologies and phylogenetic inferences suggested that the five isolates belonged to at least three different
 species. The strain from Yellow Sea might be S. tropicum; the strains from East Sea and Xiamen were grouped in the same
 clade in both trees; the other two strains clustered in the LSU tree, but belonged to different clades in the ITS tree. Results
 reveal considerable diversity in the genus Skeletonema from the Chinese coast, especially strains causing red tides.
Notes on generalized global symmetries in QFT
Creators: name: Sharpe, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently argued that quantum field theories possess one-form and higher-form symmetries, labelled `generalized global symmetries.' In this paper, we describe how those higher-form symmetries can be understood mathematically as special cases of more general 2-groups and higher groups, and discuss examples of quantum field theories admitting actions of more general higher groups than merely one-form and higher-form symmetries. We discuss analogues of topological defects for some of these higher symmetry groups, relating some of them to ordinary topological defects. We also discuss topological defects in cases in which the moduli `space' (technically, a stack) admits an action of a higher symmetry group. Finally, we outline a proposal for how certain anomalies might potentially be understood as describing a transmutation of an ordinary group symmetry of the classical theory into a 2-group or higher group symmetry of the quantum theory, which we link to WZW models and bosonization.
description: 47 pages, LaTeX; v2: references added; v3: more references added; v4: added pub info; v5: added reference
Supplementary text and figures from A phylogenomic framework for pelagiarian fishes (Acanthomorpha: Percomorpha) highlights mosaic radiation in the open ocean
Creators: name: Friedman, Matt
name: Feilich, Kara L.
name: Hermione T. Beckett
name: Alfaro, Michael E.
name: Faircloth, Brant C.
name: Černý, David
name: Miya, Masaki
name: Near, Thomas J.
name: Harrington, Richard C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: The fish clade Pelagiaria, which includes tunas as its most famous members, evolved remarkable morphological and ecological variety in a setting not generally considered conducive to diversification: the open ocean. Relationships within Pelagiaria have proven elusive due to short internodes subtending major lineages suggestive of rapid early divergences. Using a novel sequence dataset of over 1000 ultraconserved DNA elements (UCE) for 94 of the 286 species of Pelagiaria (greater than 70% of genera), we provide a time-calibrated phylogeny for this widely distributed clade. Some inferred relationships have clear precedents (e.g. the monophyly of ‘core’ Stromateoidei, and a clade comprising ‘Gempylidae’ and Trichiuridae), but others are unexpected despite strong support (e.g. Chiasmodontidae + Tetragonurus). Relaxed molecular clock analysis using node-based fossil calibrations estimates a latest Cretaceous origin for Pelagiaria, with crown-group families restricted to the Cenozoic. Estimated mean speciation rates decline from the origin of the group in the latest Cretaceous, although credible intervals for root and tip rates are broad and overlap in most cases, and there is higher-than-expected partitioning of body shape diversity (measured as fineness ratio) between clades concentrated during the Palaeocene–Eocene. By contrast, more direct measures of ecology show either no substantial deviation from a null model of diversification (diet) or patterns consistent with evolutionary constraint or high rates of recent change (depth habitat). Collectively, these results indicate a mosaic model of diversification. Pelagiarians show high morphological disparity and modest species richness compared to better-studied fish radiations in contrasting environments. However, this pattern is also apparent in other clades in open-ocean or deep-sea habitats, and suggests that comparative study of such groups might provide a more inclusive model of the evolution of diversity in fishes.
Parallel Streaming Signature EM-tree: A Clustering Algorithm for Web Scale Applications
Creators: name: de Vries, Christopher M.
name: De Vine, Lance
name: Geva, Shlomo
name: Nayak, Richi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3; I.5.3; D.1.3

description: The proliferation of the web presents an unsolved problem of automatically analyzing billions of pages of natural language. We introduce a scalable algorithm that clusters hundreds of millions of web pages into hundreds of thousands of clusters. It does this on a single mid-range machine using efficient algorithms and compressed document representations. It is applied to two web-scale crawls covering tens of terabytes. ClueWeb09 and ClueWeb12 contain 500 and 733 million web pages and were clustered into 500,000 to 700,000 clusters. To the best of our knowledge, such fine grained clustering has not been previously demonstrated. Previous approaches clustered a sample that limits the maximum number of discoverable clusters. The proposed EM-tree algorithm uses the entire collection in clustering and produces several orders of magnitude more clusters than the existing algorithms. Fine grained clustering is necessary for meaningful clustering in massive collections where the number of distinct topics grows linearly with collection size. These fine-grained clusters show an improved cluster quality when assessed with two novel evaluations using ad hoc search relevance judgments and spam classifications for external validation. These evaluations solve the problem of assessing the quality of clusters where categorical labeling is unavailable and unfeasible.
description: 11 pages, WWW 2015
Iron Deficiency Anemia in H.pylori Pediatric Patients and the Role of IL-1β
Creators: name: Yusuf, Sulaiman
name: Nafianti, Selvi
name: Sembiring, Rosita Juwita
name: Sari, Dina Keumala
name: Supriatmo Supriatmo
name: Nasution, Iqbal Pahlevi Adeputra
name: Ramayani, Oke Rina
name: Japardi, Iskandar
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Pediatrics

description: Analysis of correlation between IL-1β levels with the incidence of IDA in children with Helicobacter pylori infection
On Two-Pair Two-Way Relay Channel with an Intermittently Available Relay
Creators: name: Lin, Shih-Chun
name: Wang, I-Hsiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When multiple users share the same resource for physical layer cooperation such as relay terminals in their vicinities, this shared resource may not be always available for every user, and it is critical for transmitting terminals to know whether other users have access to that common resource in order to better utilize it. Failing to learn this critical piece of information may cause severe issues in the design of such cooperative systems. In this paper, we address this problem by investigating a two-pair two-way relay channel with an intermittently available relay. In the model, each pair of users need to exchange their messages within their own pair via the shared relay. The shared relay, however, is only intermittently available for the users to access. The accessing activities of different pairs of users are governed by independent Bernoulli random processes. Our main contribution is the characterization of the capacity region to within a bounded gap in a symmetric setting, for both delayed and instantaneous state information at transmitters. An interesting observation is that the bottleneck for information flow is the quality of state information (delayed or instantaneous) available at the relay, not those at the end users. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first result regarding how the shared intermittent relay should cooperate with multiple pairs of users in such a two-way cooperative network.
description: extended version of ISIT 2015 paper
Supplementary methods and results from Sex in the city: sexual selection and urban colonization in passerines.
Creators: name: Iglesias-Carrasco, Maider
name: Duchene, David A.
name: Head, Megan L.
name: Møller, Anders P.
name: Cain, Kristal
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Urbanization leads to a rapid and drastic transformation of habitats, forcing native fauna to manage novel ecological challenges or to move. Sexual selection is a powerful evolutionary force, which is sometimes predicted to enhance the ability of species to adapt to novel environments because it allows females to choose high-quality males, but other times is predicted to reduce the viability of populations because it pushes males beyond naturally selected optima. However, we do not know whether or how sexual selection contributes to the likelihood that animals will establish in urban areas. We use a comparative analysis of passerine birds to test whether traits associated with pre- and post-mating sexual selection predict successful colonization of urban areas. We found that plumage dichromatism was negatively associated with urban tolerance, but found no relationship with sexual size dimorphism or testes mass relative to body mass. While we cannot determine the exact reason why species with high plumage dichromatism occur less in cities, it is likely that urban areas increase the costs of expressing bright coloration due, for instance, to dietary constraints, limited male parental care or increased predation.
INFRALITTORAL TROPHIC STRUCTURE OF SANTANDER BAY
Creators: name: Lastra, M.
name: Palacio, J.
name: Sanchez, A.
name: Mora, J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1991

description: Subtidal benthic fauna of Santander Bay (N of Spain) has been studied on the basis of its trophic composition. Distribution and dominance data of trophic levels show high dominance of deposit-feeders throughout the study area. These dominances are due to Crustaceans in the oceanic influenced area and to Polychaetes at the inner part of the bay. Correlations between physico-chemical parameters and stations reveal organic matter, silt and clay contents as discriminant parameters in trophic group distribution.
Thermostructural Characterization of Silicon Carbide Nanocomposite Materials via Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Creators: name: Ortiz-Roldan, Jose M.
name: Montero-Chacón, Francisco
name: Garcia-Perez, Elena
name: Calero, Sofía
name: Ruiz-Salvador, A. Rabdel
name: Hamad, Said
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: In this paper, we investigate the thermostructural properties of a type of silicon-based nanomaterials, which we refer to as SiC@Si nanocomposites, formed by SiC crystalline nanoparticles (with the cubic phase), embedded within an amorphous Si matrix. We have followed an in silico approach to characterize the mechanical and thermal behaviour of these materials, by calculating the elastic constants, uniaxial stress-strain curves, coefficients of thermal expansion, and specific heats, at different temperatures, using interatomic potential calculations. The results obtained from our simulations suggest that this type of material presents enhanced thermal resistance features, making it suitable to be used in devices subjected to big temperature changes, such as heat sinks in micro and nanoelectronics, solar energy harvesters at high temperatures, power electronics, or in other applications in which good thermomechanical properties are required.
Approaches for Promoting Teacher Retention of Work in Satit Bangna School, Samut Prakan Province
Creators: name: Jintana Srodsong
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion.
Year: 2023
Subjects: Approaches for Promoting Teacher Retention
Teacher's Retention
Satit Bangna School

description: Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 3, 3, 479-492
Feeding habits of the sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia
Creators: name: SAÏDI, Béchir
name: BRADAÏ, Mohamed Nejmeddine
name: BOUAÏN, Abderrahman
name: CAPAPÉ, Christian
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2007

description: Feeding habits of the sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus caught in the Gulf of Gabès were studied from
 examination of 130 stomach contents. C. plumbeus mainly fed on fishes (osteichthyans and chondrichthyans). Cephalopods
 and crustaceans are respectively secondary and occasional preys. C. plumbeus is an opportunistic species and diet is
 depending on available preys in the environment. Changes in diet were observed and related to size of specimens.
Optimum design of truss structures with frequency constraints by an enhanced particle swarm optimization method with gradient directions based on emigration philosophy
Creators: name: Salajegheh, Farsad
name: Salajegheh, Eysa
name: Shojaee, Saeed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: In this article, the combined method of particle swarm optimization (PSO) with gradient directions (PSOG) is further extended to increase the capabilities of exploration and exploitation. Four different enhancements are added to the PSOG, based on emigration ideas. To investigate the power of the presented methods, 29 complicated functions are optimized with several local optima. Then, the suggested approaches are used in structural design problems with multiple frequency constraints containing sizing and shape design variables for two- and three-dimensional truss structures. The results are compared with some of the methods in the literature and the superiority of the suggested techniques is demonstrated.
Assessing Local Health Department Performance in Diabetes Prevention and Control — North Carolina, 2005
Creators: name: Reaves, Janet
name: Garrett, Joanne M.
name: Konrad, Thomas R.
name: Porterfield, Deborah S.
name: Davis, Mary
name: Baker, Edward L.
name: Plescia, Marcus
name: Weiner, Bryan J.
name: Dickson, Curtis W.
name: Alexander, Janet
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: IntroductionTo improve the public health system's ability to prevent and control chronic diseases, we must first understand current practice and develop appropriate strategies for measuring performance. The objectives of this study were to measure capacity and performance of local health departments in diabetes prevention and control and to investigate characteristics associated with performance.MethodsIn 2005, we conducted a cross-sectional mailed survey of all 85 North Carolina local health departments to assess capacity and performance in diabetes prevention and control based on the 10 Essential Public Health Services and adapted from the Local Public Health System Performance Assessment Instrument. We linked survey responses to county-level data, including data from a national survey of local health departments.ResultsLocal health departments reported a median of 0.05 full-time equivalent employees in diabetes prevention and 0.1 in control. Performance varied across the 10 Essential Services; activities most commonly reported included providing information to the public and to policy makers (76%), providing diabetes education (58%), and screening (74%). The mean score on a 10-point performance index was 3.5. Characteristics associated with performance were population size, health department size and accreditation status, and diabetes-specific external funding. Performance was not better in localities where the prevalence of diabetes was high or availability of primary care was low.ConclusionMost North Carolina local health departments had limited capacity to conduct diabetes prevention or control programs in their communities. Diabetes is a major cause of illness and death, yet it is neglected in public health practice. These findings suggest opportunities to enhance local public health practice, particularly through targeted funding and technical assistance.
THE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY OF EPIBENTHIC SCAVENGING INVERTEBRATES IN THE CLYDE SEA AREA - FIELD SAMPLING USING BAITED TRAPS
Creators: name: Nickell, T. D.
name: Moore, P. G.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1991

description: Routine monthly sampling was carried out at two regular stations (13 m and 113 m) in the Clyde Sea area, using five small-mesh and five large-mesh baited creels on every occasion. A third station (86 m) was sampled on two occasions with baited funnel traps. A consistently higher species diversity of scavenging invertebrates was found at 113 m than at 13 m. No obvious seasonal changes in species richness occurred. Four dominant species were common to both stations : Asterias rubens, Buccinum undatum, Ophiura albida, and Pagurus bernhardus. Crustacea dominated the list of species at the deep station, headed by P. bernhardus. Total monthly catch of two species (Pandalina brevirostris and Ophiocomina nigra) showed a significant correlation with a notional "Spring Factor" devised to test the theory that variations in current speed over the spring/neap tidal cycle might explain variations in catch. The month catch of the other major species showed no relationship with "Spring Factor". Large numbers of the necrophagous isopod Natatolana borealis and amphipod Scopelocheirus hopei were the only species collected at the third station. No end-creel effect was apparent at either routine station. As expected, large-mesh creels consistently selected larger size animals. From the literature on feeding of these species it is deduced that few of these species are obligate scavengers; rather, most are omnivores which scavenge opportunistically. Mean bottom current speeds at both stations differed significantly at spring and neap tides, though maxima and minima were of the same order for the two tidal periods. Currents in excess of 0.1 m s-1 were present for more than 50 % of the time at both stations, and currents in excess of 0.3 m s-1 were encountered rarely.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Patients With Arthritis
Creators: name: Mielenz, Thelma J
name: Sniezek, Joseph
name: Currey, Shannon S.
name: Xiao, Changfu
name: Wiley-Exley, Elizabeth K.
name: Brady, Teresa J.
name: DeVellis, Robert F.
name: Sleath, Betsy L.
name: Sloane, Philip D.
name: Callahan, Leigh F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: IntroductionPrevious studies suggest that people with arthritis have high rates of using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches for managing their arthritis, in addition to conventional treatments such as prescription medications. However, little is known about the use of CAM by diagnosis, or which forms of CAM are most frequently used by people with arthritis. This study was designed to provide detailed information about use of CAM for symptoms associated with arthritis in patients followed in primary care and specialty clinics in North Carolina.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, we drew our sample from primary care (n = 1,077) and specialist (n = 1,063) physician offices. Summary statistics were used to calculate differences within and between diagnostic groups, practice settings, and other characteristics. Logistic regression models clustered at the site level were used to determine the effect of patient characteristics on ever and current use of 9 CAM categories and an overall category of "any use."ResultsMost of the participants followed by specialists (90.5%) and a slightly smaller percentage of those in the primary care sample (82.8%) had tried at least 1 complementary therapy for arthritis symptoms. Participants with fibromyalgia used complementary therapies more often than those with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or chronic joint symptoms. More than 50% of patients in both samples used over-the-counter topical pain relievers, more than 25% used meditation or drew on religious or spiritual beliefs, and more than 19% used a chiropractor. Women and participants with higher levels of education were more likely to report current use of alternative therapies.ConclusionMost arthritis patients in both primary care and specialty settings have used CAM for their arthritis symptoms. Health care providers (especially musculoskeletal specialists) should discuss these therapies with all arthritis patients.
Pilot-wave quantum theory with a single Bohm's trajectory
Creators: name: Avanzini, Francesco
name: Fresch, Barbara
name: Moro, Giorgio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The representation of a quantum system as the spatial configuration of its constituents evolving in time as a trajectory under the action of the wave-function, is the main objective of the Bohm theory. However, its standard formulation is referred to the statistical ensemble of its possible trajectories. The statistical ensemble is introduced in order to establish the exact correspondence (the Born's rule) between the probability density on the spatial configurations and the quantum distribution, that is the squared modulus of the wave-function. In this work we explore the possibility of using the pilot wave theory at the level of a single Bohm's trajectory. The pilot wave theory allows a formally self-consistent representation of quantum systems as a single Bohm's trajectory, but in this case there is no room for the Born's rule at least in its standard form. We will show that a correspondence exists between the statistical distribution of configurations along the single Bohm's trajectory and the quantum distribution for a subsystem interacting with the environment in a multicomponent system. To this aim, we present the numerical results of the single Bohm's trajectory description of the model system of six confined rotors with random interactions. We find a rather close correspondence between the coordinate distribution of one rotor along its trajectory and the time averaged marginal quantum distribution for the same rotor. This might be considered as the counterpart of the standard Born's rule. Furthermore a strongly fluctuating behavior with a fast loss of correlation is found for the evolution of each rotor coordinate. This suggests that a Markov process might well approximate the evolution of the Bohm's coordinate of a single rotor and it is shown that the correspondence between coordinate distribution and quantum distribution of the rotor is exactly verified.
Availability, Affordability, and Accessibility of a Healthful Diet in a Low-Income Community, Central Falls, Rhode Island, 2007-2008
Creators: name: Lawson, Eliza
name: Gans, Kim M.
name: Tai, Ryan
name: Pearlman, Deborah N.
name: George, Tiffiney
name: Sheldon, Marissa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: BackgroundMany Americans have diets that do not meet the dietary guidelines set by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Additionally, low-income people have the highest rates of obesity and have difficulty accessing the necessary foods for maintaining a healthful diet.ContextIn December 2007 and January 2008, 21 retail food stores in Central Falls, Rhode Island, where residents were predominantly low-income Hispanics, were evaluated for the availability and costs of foods that fulfill the USDA's Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) guidelines.MethodsEach surveyed store was evaluated for variety and weekly cost of 3 different types of market baskets (2 families and an elder). Each store's proximity to public transportation was estimated by using geographic information systems mapping.OutcomeOnly 2 stores in Central Falls and the discount supermarket in an adjacent city, Pawtucket, carried enough variety of foods to fill the TFP basket. At the 2 stores, costs were up to 40% higher, and at the discount store, costs were up to 18% cheaper, than the national average. Each of the stores was accessible by public transportation.InterpretationMeeting the USDA TFP guidelines is difficult in this low-income, predominantly Hispanic city. Although the components of the TFP are available, high prices may make a nutritious diet unaffordable.
Supplementary methods and results from Sex in the city: sexual selection and urban colonization in passerines
Creators: name: Iglesias-Carrasco, Maider
name: Duchene, David A.
name: Head, Megan L.
name: Møller, Anders P.
name: Cain, Kristal
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Urbanization leads to a rapid and drastic transformation of habitats, forcing native fauna to manage novel ecological challenges or to move. Sexual selection is a powerful evolutionary force, which is sometimes predicted to enhance the ability of species to adapt to novel environments because it allows females to choose high-quality males, but other times is predicted to reduce the viability of populations because it pushes males beyond naturally selected optima. However, we do not know whether or how sexual selection contributes to the likelihood that animals will establish in urban areas. We use a comparative analysis of passerine birds to test whether traits associated with pre- and post-mating sexual selection predict successful colonization of urban areas. We found that plumage dichromatism was negatively associated with urban tolerance, but found no relationship with sexual size dimorphism or testes mass relative to body mass. While we cannot determine the exact reason why species with high plumage dichromatism occur less in cities, it is likely that urban areas increase the costs of expressing bright coloration due, for instance, to dietary constraints, limited male parental care or increased predation.
Extracellular bacterial association in gills of «wood mussels»
Creators: name: GROS, Olivier
name: GAILL, Françoise
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2007

description: Four «morphotypes» of Mytilidae were collected from wood falls in the west Pacific (Vanuatu islands) and in
 the Bohol sea (Philippines) between 300 and 1800 metre depth. Results from our study demonstrated the existence of extra-
 cellular bacteria located between microvilli at the apical surface of the cells all along the lateral zone of the gill filaments
 in the four mytilid morphotypes analyzed. Based on TEM observations, these Gram-negative bacteria were not methano-
 trophic due to the lack of concentric stacking of intracellular membranes in their cytoplasm. Based on FISH experiments,
 these bacteria belong to γ-Proteobacteria. These preliminary observations described gill symbiosis-like interactions in
 metazoan species associated with sunken wood, strengthening the hypothesis that decomposing wood may serve as steps
 for the introduction of symbiotic Mytilidae to vents and seeps. Phylogenetic analysis of these extracellular bacteria are in
 progress in our lab in order to compare their 16SrDNA sequences to that of other marine invertebrate symbionts described
 to date.
The non indigenous ascidian Molgula ficusin California
Creators: name: LAMBERT, Gretchen
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2007

description: The nonindigenous ascidian Molgula ficus was first observed in southern California in October 1994. It was
 incorrectly identified as the native M. verrucifera in Lambert & Lambert (1998) and thus was not included in Lambert &
 Lambert (2003) or Cohen et al. (2005), two papers on nonindigenous species in southern California. M. ficus is probably
 native to the west Pacific, most likely Australia, the location of the type specimen; it has been reported also from Hong
 Kong, Gulf of Siam, and Singapore. The first published east Pacific record is Chile, 1997. It is abundant and widespread
 on manmade structures in bays and harbors from San Diego to Los Angeles; the northernmost record in southern California
 is Port Hueneme. It was first recorded in San Francisco Bay in October 2005.
Commute Times, Food Retail Gaps, and Body Mass Index in North Carolina Counties
Creators: name: Jilcott, Stephanie B.
name: Liu, Haiyong
name: Wilson, James
name: Moore, Justin B.
name: Ammerman, Alice S.
name: Bethel, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: IntroductionThe prevalence of obesity is higher in rural than in urban areas of the United States, for reasons that are not well understood. We examined correlations between percentage of rural residents, commute times, food retail gap per capita, and body mass index (BMI) among North Carolina residents.MethodsWe used 2000 census data to determine each county's percentage of rural residents and 1990 and 2000 census data to obtain mean county-level commute times. We obtained county-level food retail gap per capita, defined as the difference between county-level food demand and county-level food sales in 2008, from the North Carolina Department of Commerce, and BMI data from the 2007 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. To examine county-level associations between BMI and percentage of rural residents, commute times, and food retail gap per capita, we used Pearson correlation coefficients. To examine cross-sectional associations between individual-level BMI (n = 9,375) and county-level commute times and food retail gap per capita, we used multilevel regression models.ResultsThe percentage of rural residents was positively correlated with commute times, food retail gaps, and county-level BMI. Individual-level BMI was positively associated with county-level commute times and food retail gaps.ConclusionsLonger commute times and greater retail gaps may contribute to the rural obesity disparity. Future research should examine these relationships longitudinally and should test community-level obesity prevention strategies.
Perceptions of Cardiovascular Health in Underserved Communities
Creators: name: Vu, Maihan B.
name: Duckles, Joyce M.
name: Fernandez, I. Diana
name: Cottrell, Lesley A.
name: Marcela Garces, D.
name: Peters, Karen E.
name: Samuel-Hodge, Carmen D.
name: McMilin, Colleen R.
name: Bryant, Lucinda L.
name: Keyserling, Thomas C.
name: Chin, Nancy P.
name: Tu, Shin-Ping
name: Fitzpatrick, Annette L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: IntroductionCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths and illnesses in US adults, and the prevalence is disproportionately high in underserved populations. In this study, we assessed respondents' understanding of context-specific differences in knowledge and perceptions of disease, risk, and prevention in 6 underserved communities, with the longer-term goal of developing appropriate interventions.MethodsThirty-nine small-group sessions and 14 interviews yielded data from 318 adults. Each site's researchers coded, analyzed, and extracted key themes from local data. Investigators from all sites synthesized results and identified common themes and differences.ResultsThemes clustered in 3 areas (barriers to cardiovascular health, constraints related to multiple roles, and suggestions for effective communications and programs). Barriers spanned individual, social and cultural, and environmental levels; women in particular cited multiple roles (eg, competing demands, lack of self-care). Programmatic suggestions included the following: personal, interactive, social context; information in language that people use; activities built around cultural values and interests; and community orientation. In addition, respondents preferred health-related information from trusted groups (eg, AARP), health care providers (but with noticeable differences of opinion), family and friends, and printed materials.ConclusionInterventions to decrease barriers to cardiovascular health are needed; these strategies should include family and community context, small groups, interactive methods, culturally sensitive materials, and trusted information sources. New-immigrant communities need culturally and linguistically tailored education before receiving more substantive interventions.
Awareness of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests and Use of Genetic Tests Among Puerto Rican Adults, 2009
Creators: name: Finney Rutten, Lila J.
name: Serrano-Rodriguez, Ruby A.
name: Tortolero-Luna, Guillermo
name: Ortiz, Ana Patricia
name: Soto-Salgado, Marievelisse
name: Flores, Libertad T.
name: Hesse, Bradford W.
name: López, Magdalena
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: IntroductionGenetic testing remains low among racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States. We aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of awareness of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests and the prevalence of genetic test use in a population-based sample of adults in Puerto Rico.MethodsWe analyzed data from adults aged 18 years or older who completed information on genetic test awareness (n = 611; 96% of study population) from the Health Information National Trends Survey conducted in Puerto Rico in 2009. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using logistic regression models to identify factors associated with awareness of DTC genetic tests.ResultsThe majority of respondents (56%) were aware of direct-to-consumer genetic tests, and approximately 4% had ever undergone any genetic test. Respondents who had never been married were less likely to be aware of DTC tests, as were current smokers. Respondents who ever sought cancer information were more likely to be aware of these tests.ConclusionWe provide the first published data on the awareness of DTC genetic tests and on use of genetic testing in Puerto Rico. Forty-four percent of our sample of Puerto Rican adults were unaware of direct-to-consumer genetic tests. Given the lack of clear benefits of DTC genetic tests to the general population, educational interventions should be developed to increase awareness and specific knowledge regarding the appropriate use of DTC genetic tests among people who are already aware of their existence.
Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia Among Insured Residents of New York City, 2004
Creators: name: Needham Waddell, Elizabeth
name: Kerker, Bonnie D.
name: Gwynn, R. Charon
name: Huston, Sara L.
name: Thomas, James C.
name: Nguyen, Quynh C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: IntroductionHealth care access and sociodemographic characteristics may influence chronic disease management even among adults who have health insurance. The objective of this study was to examine awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, by health care access and sociodemographic characteristics, among insured adults in New York City.MethodsUsing data from the 2004 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we investigated inequalities in the diagnosis and management of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia among insured adults aged 20 to 64 years (n = 1,334). We assessed differences in insurance type (public, private) and routine place of care (yes, no), by sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsOne in 10 participants with hypertension and 3 in 10 with hypercholesterolemia were unaware and untreated. Having a routine place of care was associated with treatment and control of hypertension and with awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia, after adjusting for insurance type, age, sex, race/ethnicity, foreign birth, income, and education. Differences in systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol between people with versus without a routine place of care were 2 to 3 times the difference found between people with public versus private insurance. Few differences were associated with sociodemographic characteristics after adjusting for routine place of care and insurance type; however, male sex, younger age, Asian race, and foreign birth with short-term US residence reduced the odds of having a routine place of care. Neither income nor education predicted having a routine place of care.ConclusionSociodemographic characteristics may influence chronic disease management among the insured through health care access factors such as having a routine place of care.
Red Clump Stars from the LAMOST data I: identification and distance
Creators: name: Wan, Junchen
name: Liu, Chao
name: Deng, Licai
name: Cui, Wenyuan
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Hou, Yonghui
name: Yang, Ming
name: Wu, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of about 120,000 red clump candidates selected from the LAMOST DR2 catalog based on the empirical distribution model in the effective temperature vs. surface gravity plane. Although, in general, red clump stars are considered as the standard candle, they do not exactly stay in a narrow range of absolute magnitude, but may extend to more than 1 magnitude depending on their initial mass. Consequently, conventional oversimplified distance estimations with assumption of fixed luminosity may lead to systematic bias related to the initial mass or the age, which may potentially affect the study of the evolution of the Galaxy with red clump stars. We therefore employ an isochrone-based method to estimate the absolute magnitude of red clump stars from their observed surface gravities, effective temperatures, and metallicities. We verify that the estimation well removes the systematics and provide an initial mass/age independent distance estimates with accuracy less than 10%.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures; accepted for publication for RAA
Recruitment and juvenile survivorship of brain corals at San Andres Island, Western Caribbean Sea
Creators: name: PIZARRO, Valeria
name: POLANIA, Jaime
name: THOMASON, Jeremy C.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2007

description: Recruitment and juvenile survivorship can affect population dynamics and resilience. In this paper we present
 data on brain coral (genera Diploria and Colpophyllia) recruitment and recruit cohort survivorship obtained at three stations
 in 2001 at San Andres Island (Colombia) as part of the baseline used to develop a Marine Protected Area (MPA) system.
 Two stations were on the leeward and one on the windward side of the island. Monthly recruitment and cohort survival
 were measured on PVC panels deployed monthly. Recruitment was significantly lower (ANOVA) on the upper sides of the
 panels, and started in June until November and with a peak in June at the deepest (20-25 m) leeward station. Cohort
 survivorship did not vary between stations but Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed higher initial survival. The brain coral
 recruitment rates are the highest recorded for the Caribbean. We strongly recommend continuing conservation efforts to
 assist the persistence of these populations.
Supplementary Theory from Geometric localization in supported elastic struts.
Creators: name: T.C.T. Michaels
name: R. Kusters
name: A.J. Dear
name: C. Storm
name: J.C. Weaver
name: L. Mahadevan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mechanics
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Localized deformation patterns are a common motif in morphogenesis and are increasingly finding applications in materials science and engineering, in such instances as mechanical memories. Here, we describe the emergence of spatially localized deformations in a minimal mechanical system by exploring the impact of growth and shear on the conformation of a semi-flexible filament connected to a pliable shearable substrate. We combine numerical simulations of a discrete rod model with theoretical analysis of the differential equations recovered in the continuum limit to quantify (in the form of scaling laws) how geometry, mechanics and growth act together to give rise to such localized structures in this system. We find that spatially localized deformations along the filament emerge for intermediate shear modulus and increasing growth. Finally, we use experiments on a 3D-printed multi-material model system to demonstrate that external control of the amount of shear and growth may be used to regulate the spatial extent of the localized strain texture.