cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metasurface engineering through bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: Kupriianov, Anton S.
name: Xu, Yi
name: Sayanskiy, Andrey
name: Dmitriev, Victor
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
name: Tuz, Vladimir R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metasurfaces have attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to novel ways they provide for the efficient wavefront control and engineering of the resonant transmission. We discuss an approach allowing effectively control appearance of the sharp Fano resonances in metasurfaces associated with the {\it bound states in the continuum}. We demonstrate that by breaking the symmetry transversely, in the direction perpendicular to a metasurface with a complex unit cell, we can control the number, frequency, and type of high-$Q$ resonances originating from bound states in the continuum. As example, we demonstrate experimentally the metasurfaces with magnetic dipole and toroidal dipole responses governed by the physics of multipolar bound states.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Expert Judgment Questionnaire Template
Creators: name: Metcalf, Tatiana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This is an English version of the questionnaire used to determine the validity of the Peruvian version of the RUDAS. It examines four categories (sufficiency, clarity, coherence, and relevance) for each of the six RUDAS components.
Phi Mesons from a Hadronic Fireball
Creators: name: Filip, Peter
name: Kolomeitsev, Evgeni E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Production of $ϕ$ mesons is considered in the course of heavy-ion collisions at SPS energies. We investigate the possible difference in momentum distributions of $ϕ$ mesons measured via their leptonic ($μ^+μ^-$) and hadronic ($K^+K^-$) decays. Rescattering of secondary kaons in the dense hadron gas together with the influence of in-medium kaon potential can lead to a relative decrease of a $ϕ$ yield observed in the hadronic channel. We analyze how the in-medium modifications of meson properties affect apparent - reconstructed momentum distributions of $ϕ$ mesons. Quantitative results are presented for central Pb+Pb collisions at $E_{beam}=158 GeV/A$.
description: style Revtex4,9 pages, 5 figures. submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Accretion Disk Parameters determined from the great 2015 flare of OJ 287
Creators: name: Valtonen, Mauri J.
name: Zola, Staszek
name: Pihajoki, Pauli
name: Enestam, Sissi
name: Lehto, Harry J.
name: Dey, Lankeswar
name: Gopakumar, Achamveedu
name: Drozdz, Marek
name: Ogloza, Waldemar
name: Zejmo, Michal
name: Gupta, Alok C.
name: Pursimo, Tapio
name: Ciprini, Stefano
name: Kidger, Mark
name: Nilsson, Kari
name: Berdyugin, Andrei
name: Piirola, Vilppu
name: Jermak, Helen
name: Hudec, Rene
name: Laine, Seppo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the binary black hole model of OJ 287 the secondary black hole orbits a much more massive primary, and impacts on the primary accretion disk at predictable times. We update the parameters of the disk, the viscosity $α$ and the mass accretion rate $\dot m$. We find $α=0.26 \pm 0.1$ and $\dot m = 0.08 \pm 0.04$ in Eddington units. The former value is consistent with Coroniti (1981) and the latter with Marscher and Jorstad (2011). Predictions are made for the 2019 July 30 superflare in OJ 287. We expect that it will take place simultaneously at the Spitzer infrared channels as well as in the optical and that therefore the timing of the flare in optical can be accurately determined from Spitzer observations. We also discuss in detail the light curve of the 2015 flare and find that the radiating volume has regions where bremsstrahlung dominates as well as regions that radiate primarily in synchrotron radiation. The former region produces the unpolarised first flare while the latter region gives rise to a highly polarized second flare.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, to appear in ApJ
Können Schädel-Hirn-Traumata bei Säuglingen durch Biomarker ausgeschlossen werden?
Creators: name: Erdmann, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Ziel der Pilotstudie ist die Untersuchung der Biomarker S100B, GFAP und D-Dimer auf ihre Fähigkeit Schädel-Hirn-Traumata (SHT) bei Säuglingen nach Risiko für Komplikationen in SHT+ und SHT− zu unterteilen. 45 Säuglinge, davon 32 Säuglinge mit SHT-Verdacht, und 13 gesunde Säuglinge wurden untersucht. Vier Vorfälle wurden klinisch als SHT+ eingestuft. S100B wies die höchste Trennschärfe auf. Ein Panel aus S100B und GFAP konnte die Trennschärfe steigern und besaß einen negativen Vorhersagewert und eine Sensitivität von 100% sowie eine Spezifität von 93%. Eine Multicenter Studie ist geplant
Forestry and conservation : towards a sociology of expertise
Creators: name: Rattray, Alan L
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Australian National University. School of General Studies. Dept. of Forestry
subject: Science Social aspects
subject: Knowledge, Sociology of
subject: Forests and forestry Vocational guidance

description: This thesis attempts to develop a sociological approach to the examination of expertise . The case of the forestry discipline is studied in the light of the approach outlined. The framework used builds on the work of T.S. Kuhn, but adopts modifications to his thesis . It is argued that none of the conventional distinctions between science and technology hold, so Kuhn's theory reformulated in the manner suggested should apply to all experts , Kuhn 's theory tends to exclude considerations of resources, power and status and a dialectical relationship is posited between organized knowledge and these 'external ' variables. In the forestry discipline ~ 'traditional ' and 'conservation' paradigms are identified from literature sources and through a study of forestry students . A number of external factors potentially influential to forestry are discussed. In the light of this study, some directions for a critical sociology of expertise are outlined.
Quantum dynamics of hydrogen in iron-based superconductor LaFeAsO0.9D0.1 measured with inelastic neutron spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yamaura, Jun-ichi
name: Hiraka, Haruhiro
name: Iimura, Soshi
name: Muraba, Yoshinori
name: Bang, Joonho
name: Ikeuchi, Kazuhiko
name: Nakamura, Mitsutaka
name: Inamura, Yasuhiro
name: Honda, Takashi
name: Hiraishi, Masatoshi
name: Kojima, Kenji M.
name: Kadono, Ryosuke
name: Kuramoto, Yoshio
name: Murakami, Youichi
name: Matsuishi, Satoru
name: Hosono, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic neutron scattering was performed for an iron-based superconductor LaFeAsO0.9D0.1, where most of D (deuterium) replaces oxygen, while a tiny amount goes into interstitial sites. By first-principle calculation, we characterize the interstitial sites for D (and for H slightly mixed) with four equivalent potential minima. Below the superconducting transition temperature Tc = 26 K,new excitations emerge in the range 5-15 meV, while they are absent in the reference system LaFeAsO0.9F0.1. The strong excitations at 14.5 meV and 11.1 meV broaden rapidly around 15 K and 20 K, respectively, where each energy becomes comparable to twice of the superconducting gap. The strong excitations are ascribed to a quantum rattling, or a band motion of hydrogen, which arises only if the number of potential minima is larger than two.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Apteroloma potanini
Creators: name: Růžička, Jan
name: Pütz, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Agyrtidae
Apteroloma
Apteroloma potanini

description: Apteroloma potanini (Semenov, 1893)
 Pteroloma potanini Semenov, 1893: 338.
 Apteroloma potanini: SEMENOV- TIAN- SHANSKIJ (1932) (new combination).
 Apteroloma potanini: RŮŽIČKA et al. (2004) (redescription, restricted status)
 Material examined. CHINA: GANSU PROVINCE : Lazikou valley, 34°09.9–10.1′ N, 103°48.2–51.9′ E, 2120–2510 m, 28.vi.2005, J. Hájek, D. Král & J. Růžička leg., individually under a large wet log, close to brook, 1 ♀ (JRPC). SHAANXI PROVINCE: Qingling Shan mts, 6 km S Xunyangba, ca. 33°28′ N, 108°30′ E, 18.–20.v.2005, O. Nakládal leg., on the first mountain ridge S of Xunyangba, wet close valley near the stream, secondary mixed forest, unbaited pitfall traps, 1 J 1 ♀ (JRPC).
 Distribution. Apteroloma potanini is currently known from seven localities scattered through the Chinese provinces of Sichuan (RŮŽIČKA & SCHNEIDER 1995), Gansu (SEMENOV 1893, SCHAWALLER 1999), Shaanxi, Hubei and Hebei (RŮŽIČKA et al. 2004).
description: Published as part of Růžička, Jan & Pütz, Andreas, 2009, New species and new records of Agyrtidae (Coleoptera) from China, India, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, pp. 631-650 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49 (2) on pages 642-644, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5321906
Pion Form Factor and Quark Mass Evolution in a Light-Front Quark Model
Creators: name: Choi, Ho-Meoyng
name: Kisslinger, L. S.
name: Ji, Chueng-Ryong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the soft contribution to the elastic pion form factor with the mass evolution from current to constituent quark being taken into account in a light-front quark model(LFQM).
description: Contributed to International Light-Cone Workshop "Light-cone Physics: Particles and Strings", Trento, Italy, 3-11 Sep. 2001
Additional file 1: of Over-indebtedness and its association with sleep and sleep medication use
Creators: name: Warth, Jacqueline
name: Marie-Therese Puth
name: Tillmann, Judith
name: Porz, Johannes
name: Zier, Ulrike
name: Weckbecker, Klaus
name: MĂźnster, Eva
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Complete case analysis (nâ =â 7680) Sensitivity analysis, complete case analysis to validate the approach to handle missing data. (DOCX 16 kb)
Nanowire formation on sputter eroded surfaces
Creators: name: Kim, Jeenu
name: Kahng, Byungnam
name: Barabasi, A. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotated ripple structures (RRS) on sputter eroded surfaces are potential candidates for nanoscale wire fabrication. We show that the necessary condition for RRS formation is that the width of the collision cascade in the longitudinal direction has to be larger than that in the transverse direction, which can be achieved by using high energy ion beams. By calculating the structure factor for the RRS we find that they are more regular and their amplitude is more enhanced compared to the much studied ripple structure forming in the linear regime of sputter erosion.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures, 2 column revtex format, submitted to Appl. Phys. Lett
Breaking the trust : the case for regulating anonymous shell companies
Creators: name: Sorger, Andreas-Johann
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: BJ1500.T78S7
subject: Trust--Philosophy
subject: Corporations--Corrupt practices--Prevention.

description: Anonymous shell companies (ASCs) are corporate entities whose sole purpose is to cloak the identity of their beneficial owner. Due to their strong anonymity provisions, ASCs allow individuals to perform a variety of illicit activities with little chance of being caught. Thus, they have been used in almost every form of economic crime. Though there is universal agreement in the policy sphere that ASCs facilitate a number of negative externalities, policymakers are divided over how they should be regulated. Specifically, policymakers are stuck in an intractable disagreement over the implementation of a public ownership register – a database containing ownership information of every company registered in a particular country. Opponents of this register argue that the public disclosure of ownership information violates a presumptive right individuals have to privacy. Proponents of this register however, deny the existence of this presumptive right. They point instead to the role of transparency in fostering accountability. The goal of my thesis is to offer a theoretical justification for the creation of a public ownership register. In short, I argue that we can break this impasse by using the value of public trust to justify creating a public ownership register with specific provisions so as to ensure privacy rights are not infringed upon. My argument proceeds in three parts: First, I establish that trust is at least instrumentally valuable. Thus we have a pro tanto reason to implement regulations to stop trust being undermined. Second, I offer a novel account of public trust predicated on the assumption of a shared intrinsic commitment to a practice rule. Third, armed with this account of public trust, I identify two distinct mechanisms by which ASCs undermine trust. I conclude by showing how drawing on public trust provides a pro tanto reason to implement a public ownership register.
An urban history of Sydney 1920-1950
Creators: name: Spearritt, Peter
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Sydney (N.S.W.) History

description: Since its foundation Sydney has been the largest city in NSW and for most of its history the largest in Australia. Much of the present fabric of Sydney was created between 1920 and 1950. This thesis traces that growth. Although suburbs developed before the Great War, the twenties proved an unparallelled decade of suburban growth; but enthusiasm for expanding the metropolis soon exceeded interest in improving it.
Vacancy mediated magnetization and healing of a graphene monolayer
Creators: name: Nakhmedov, E.
name: Nadimi, E.
name: Vedaei, S.
name: Alekperov, O.
name: Tatardar, F.
name: Najafov, A. I.
name: Abbasov, I. I.
name: Saletskii, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vacancy-induced magnetization of a graphene layer is investigated by means of a first principle DFT method. Calculations of the formation energy and the magnetization by creating the different number of vacancies in a supercell show that a clustering with big number of vacancies in the cluster is rather favorable than that of isolated vacancies, homogeneously distributed in the layer. The magnetic moment of a cluster with big number of vacancies is shown to be not proportional with the vacancy concentration, which is in good agreement with the recent experimental results. Our studies support the idea that although the vacancies in a graphene create a magnetic moment, they do not produce a magnetic ordering. It is shown that although the Lieb's rule for the magnetization in a hexagonal structure violates, two-vacancies, including a di-vacancy, in the supercell generate quasi-localized state when they belong to the different sublattices, and instead two-vacancies generate an extended state when they belong to the same sublattices. Analytical investigation of the dynamics of carbon atom- and vacancy-concentrations according to the non-linear continuity equations shows that the vacancies, produced by irradiation at the middle of a graphene layer, migrate to the edge of the sample resulting in a specific {\it 'segregation'} of the vacancy concentration and self-healing of the graphene.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 Tables The paper is accepted to Physical Review B (March 2019)
Deuteron-like heavy dibaryons from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Junnarkar, Parikshit
name: Mathur, Nilmani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) study of deuteron($np$)-like dibaryons with heavy quark flavours. These include particles with following dibaryon structures and valence quark contents: $Σ_cΞ_{cc} (uucucc)$, $Ω_cΩ_{cc} (sscscc)$, $Σ_bΞ_{bb} (uububb)$, $Ω_bΩ_{bb} (ssbsbb)$ and $Ω_{ccb}Ω_{cbb} (ccbcbb)$, and with spin ($J$)-parity ($P$), $J^{P} \equiv 1^{+}$. Using a state-of-the art lattice QCD calculation, after controlling relevant systematic errors, we unambiguously find that the ground state masses of dibaryons $Ω_cΩ_{cc} (sscscc)$, $Ω_bΩ_{bb} (ssbsbb)$ and $Ω_{ccb}Ω_{cbb} (ccbcbb)$ are below their respective two-baryon thresholds, suggesting the presence of bound states which are stable under strong and electromagnetic interactions. We also predict their masses precisely. For dibaryons $Σ_cΞ_{cc} (uucucc)$, and $Σ_bΞ_{bb} (uububb)$, we could not reach to a definitive conclusion about the presence of any bound state due to large systematics associated with these states. We also find that the binding of these dibaryons becomes stronger as they become heavier in mass. This study also opens up the possibility of the existence of many other exotic nuclei, which can be formed through the fusion of heavy baryons, similar to the formation of nuclei of elements in the Periodic Table.
description: version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Exotic SUSY scenarios
Creators: name: Godbole, Rohini M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I discuss some scenarios which involve small extensions of the ideas usually considered in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). I present results of a study of the implication of non-universal gaugino masses (NGM) for the invisible decays of the lightest scalar and the correlation of the same with the relic density of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) in the Universe. Further I discuss SUSY with \rpv. Decay of $\tilde χ_1^0$ in the case of dominant \rpv and \LV, trilinear $λ$ and $λ'$ couplings, and also that of $\tilde χ_1^0, \tilde χ_1^+$ caused by the bilinear \rpv, \LV couplings are discussed. The effect of the latter for the trilepton signal at the Tevatron is presented. I end with a discussion of signals of Heavy Majorana Neutrinos (HMN) at the LHC.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, Talk presented at the International Conference of High Energy Physics, Amsterdam, July 24-31, 2002
Authority, social character and personality : some remarks on concept formation in the social thought of Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno and Erich Fromm
Creators: name: Thomm, Sylvia Clilverd
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Adorno, Theodor W., 1903-1969
subject: Fromm, Erich, 1900-1980
subject: Horkheimer, Max, 1895-1973
subject: Sociologists Germany
subject: Communism

description: The study is an exercise in the sociology of sociology. It is mainly concerned with the problem of the influence of ideology upon the internal structures of social thought. From this perspective, the author examines the social thought of Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, and Erich Fromm as a distinct institutional and ideological product. The first part of the thesis is concerned with the social setting of their work, the 'intellectualisation ' of Marxism at the Frankfurt Institut fUr Sozialforschung in the twenties and thirties, the relationships between scholars at the Institute and other Marxists, and their sympathies with German psychoanalysts of the 'left'. In Parts II and III of the thesis, the author examines the actual content of the ideas expressed by these authors, contrasting those of Fromm with the different perspectives of Horkheimer and Adorno. Here concern with their 'critical' or 'dialectical method' takes precedence over consideration of theory. The author takes seriously the attempt of these scholars to understand the world, and particularly the capitalist world in its 'totality'. From a sociological perspective the various levels within their total system of thought are examined, beginning with an exposition of the assumptions of the authors about the world - man, society, history, nature. This is followed by a discussion of how they break down the 'totality' into interrelated units. Discussion of their concepts of character and personality reveals the structured interdependence of these units. Finally, examination of the process of inquiry attempts to show how the details in their concepts and theories are arrived at. The author was particularly interested in the continuities and discontinuities in Horkheimer's program of social research as he and the Institute moved from one social setting to another - from the Weimar Republic to the United States of America.
Asymptotic safety casts its shadow
Creators: name: Held, Aaron
name: Gold, Roman
name: Eichhorn, Astrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We set out to bridge the gap between regular black-hole spacetimes and observations of a black-hole shadow by the Event Horizon Telescope. We explore modifications of spinning and non-spinning black-hole spacetimes inspired by asymptotically safe quantum gravity which features a scale dependence of the Newton coupling. As a consequence, the predictions of our model, such as the shadow shape and size, depend on one free parameter determining the curvature scale at which deviations from General Relativity set in. In more general new-physics settings, it can also depart substantially from the Planck scale. In this case, the free parameter is constrained by observations, since the corresponding curvature scale is significantly below the Planck-scale. The leading new-physics effect can be recast as a scale-dependent black-hole mass, resulting in distinct observational signatures of our model. As a concrete example, we show that two mass-measurements, extracted from the size of the shadow and from Keplerian orbital motion of stars, allow to distinguish the classical from the modified, regular black-hole spacetime, yielding a bound on the free parameter. For spinning black holes, we further find that the singularity-resolving new physics puts a characteristic dent in the shadow. Finally, we argue, based on the underlying physical mechanism, that the effects we derive could be generic consequences of a large class of quantum-gravity theories.
description: Identical with version published in JCAP
Phenomenological quark model for baryon magnetic moments and beta decay ratios ($G_A/G_V$)
Creators: name: Franklin, Jerrold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryon magnetic moments and beta decay ratios ($G_A/G_V$) are calculated in a phenomenological quark model. Non-static effects of pion exchange and orbital excitation are included. Good agreement with experiment is found for a combined fit to all measured baryon magnetic moments and beta decay ratios. The model predicts an antiquark content for the proton that is consistent with the Gottfried sum rule.
description: 14 pages in LaTex
title: Numerical investigation of the secondary flow pattern in a Pelton turbine jet
Creators: name: Hahn, Franz Josef Johann
name: Maly, Anton
name: Semlitsch, Bernhard
name: Bauer, Christian
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2022
Subjects: Pelton turbine injector
free-surface jet
secondary flow
quadrupole

description: The quality of the free-surface water jet influences Pelton turbine efficiency. Secondary flows resulting from the interior parts of the injector can deform the jet shape. By numerical flow simulations, this work identifies that the secondary flow pattern in a Pelton turbine jet resembles a quadrupole potential flow. This pattern is generated by the wake formation caused by the torpedo ribs. Further, it is demonstrated how streamlining the interior parts reduces the amount of secondary flow in the jet.
Crosstalk between optical waveguides with applications to visual photoreceptors
Creators: name: McIntyre, Peter Donald
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Optical wave guides
subject: Crosstalk
subject: Photoreceptors

description: The greater part of this thesis is concerned with an analysis of the interaction of the electromagnetic fields of neighbouring dielectric waveguides, using the method of coupled-mode theory. Such an interaction leads to an exchange of power or crosstalk between neighbouring waveguides. The concept of crosstalk and some of the necessary definitions are introduced in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 provides a general introduction to coupled-mode theory, its validity, approximations and solutions of the coupledmode equations. The relationship with the normal-mode approach is examined. In Chapter 3 we derive a set of degenerate modes for a dielectric waveguide of circular cross-section and use these modes to determine the power transfer between two or more neighbouring waveguides. The validity of the degenerate modes and of coupled-mode theory as applied to waveguides of circular cross-section is also examined. The theory of Chapter 3 is extended in Chapters 4-6 to determine the crosstalk in several waveguide systems of practical interest. In Chapter 4 we calculate the crosstalk in systems which are not invariant in the longitudinal (z) direction. Two examples analysed in detail are tapered and non-parallel waveguides. Crosstalk between multimode waveguides in which many bound modes can propagate, is investigated in Chapter 5. A comparison of mode and ray theories for multimode waveguides is used to examine some of the difficulties associated with the two theories. Chapter 6 is devoted to crosstalk between absorbing waveguides. We show how loss can be included in the coupled-mode theory of crosstalk and determine the power absorbed by each of the waveguides. In Chapter 7 we use the theory developed in Chapters 3, 4 and 6 to analyse crosstalk between visual photoreceptors, in particular between the rhabdomeres of the Dipteran rhabdom. A discussion of modes on photoreceptors and of the implications for and limitations on the operation and evolution of visual systems due to crosstalk is also ‘r'i given. In Chapter 8 we use coupled-mode theory to examine the propagation of light in a twisted, birefringent, dichroic medium. A simple theory is developed to determine the polarisation properties and absorption of light passing through a slowly twisting medium. The theory is then applied to twisted photoreceptors which have been observed in ants and bees. We determine the effect of the twisting on the absorption properties (polarisation and absolute sensitivities) of the photoreceptors and on the measurement of their birefringence.
Entropy Production in Quantum Is Different
Creators: name: Ansari, Mohammad H.
name: van Steensel, Alwin
name: Nazarov, Yuli V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently, 'time' does not play any essential role in quantum information theory. In this sense, quantum information theory is underdeveloped similarly to how quantum physics was underdeveloped before Erwin Schrodinger introduced his famous equation for the evolution of a quantum wave function. In this review article, we cope with the problem of time for one of the central quantities in quantum information theory: entropy. Recently, a replica trick formalism, the so-called 'multiple parallel world' formalism, has been proposed that revolutionizes entropy evaluation for quantum systems. This formalism is one of the first attempts to introduce 'time evolution' in quantum information theory. With the total entropy being conserved in a closed system, entropy can flow internally between subsystems; however, we show that this flow is not limited only to physical correlations as the literature suggest. The nonlinear dependence of entropy on the density matrix introduces new types of correlations with no analogue in physical quantities. Evolving a number of replicas simultaneously makes it possible for them to exchange particles between different replicas. We will summarize some of the recent news about entropy in some example quantum devices. Moreover, we take a quick look at a new correspondence that was recently proposed that provides an interesting link between quantum information theory and quantum physics. The mere existence of such a correspondence allows for exploring new physical phenomena as the result of controlling entanglement in a quantum device.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures, This article submitted to the Special Issue Quantum Transport in Mesoscopic Systems
title: Energiebedarf und Treibhausgasemissionen der Digitalisierung
Creators: name: Franz, Manuela
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2021
Subjects: Digitalisierung
Data Center
Energiebedarf
THG-Emissionen
Carbon Footprint

description: Die Digitalisierung hat im Jahr 2020 einen sprunghaften Anstieg erfahren und eine Systemänderung Richtung Distance Learning und Homeoffice, eine signifikante Steigerung von Online-Shopping und eine Transformation im Gesundheitssektor, verbunden mit einem globalen Big Data-Pilotprojekt, eingeleitet. Diese auf den Digitalsektor gelenkte Aufmerk-samkeit führte zu diesem Review, das einen Überblick über die Infrastrukturelemente, traditionelle und zukünftige Anwendungen, Energiebedarf und Treibhausgasemissionen der Digitalisierung geben soll. Für das Jahr 2020 wurde in einem "expected case" Berechnungs-szenario der globale Energiebedarf von Rechenzentren, Kommunikationsnetzen und Endgeräten auf 1988 TWh geschätzt. Das sind 7 % des globalen Bedarfs an elektrischer Energie mit entsprechenden Treibhausgasemissionen von 944 Mt CO2-e. Davon entfallen 49 % auf die Nutzung von Endgeräten, 15 % auf Rechenzentren, 17 % auf Kommunikations-netze und 19 % auf die Herstellung der Infrastruktur. Prognosen für den Energiebedarf für 2030 schwanken zwischen einer Erhöhung um das 1,6-fache bis zu einem "worst case" Szenario um einen Faktor 15 nahezu vollständig zu Lasten der Rechenzentren und Kommunikationsnetze, abhängig von erwarteter Effizienzsteigerung, Technologiesprüngen sowie globaler Datenraten und Workloads. Dem gegenüber zeigen optimistische Prognosen, dass trotz höherem Energiebedarf aufgrund der Anwendung erneuerbarer Energiequellen die Treibhausgasemissionen konstant bleiben oder sogar sinken werden. Im Bereich der Anwendungen der Digitalisierung beträgt der Anteil von Videostreaming und Social Networking derzeit etwa 15 % der Auslastung von Rechenzentren, wobei für zukünftige Anwendungen wie künstliche Intelligenz, Internet der Dinge, Big Data oder Industrie 4.0 in der gesichteten Literatur keine erwarteten anteiligen Zuordnungen ermittelt werden konnten. Während Rechenzentren und traditionelle Endgeräte gut untersucht sind, ist bei der Geräteinfrastruktur zukünftiger Anwendungen und den Kommunikationsnetzen weiterer Forschungsbedarf. Eine zukünftige Herausforderung ist die Entwicklung des Energiebedarfs der Blockchain-Technologie, der 2024 alleine in China bis zu knapp 300 TWh betragen könnte. Um den Auswirkungen des erwarteten Anstiegs des Energiebedarfs der digitalen Infrastruktur entgegenzutreten, liegt der Fokus auf technische Effizienzsteigerungen, Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien und der indirekten Energieeinsparung anderer Sektoren durch Anwendung der IKT. Beispiele hierfür sind virtuelle Mobilität, Ressourcenschonung durch Umweltmonitoring oder Effizienzsteigerungen und Automatisierung in der Industrie.
Dynamics and Rheology of a Supercooled Polymer Melt in Shear Flow
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Ryoichi
name: Onuki, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study dynamics of a model polymer melt composed of short chains with bead number N=10 in supercooled states. In quiescent conditions, the stress relaxation function $G(t)$ is calculated, which exhibits a stretched exponential relaxation on the time scale of the $α$ relaxation time $τ_α$ and ultimately follows the Rouse dynamics characterized by the time $τ_{\rm R} \sim N^2 τ_α$. After application of shear $\gdot$, transient stress growth $σ_{xy}(t)/\gdot$ first obeys the linear growth $\int_0^t dt'G(t')$ for strain less than 0.1 but saturates into a non-Newtonian viscosity for larger strain. In steady states, shear-thinning and elongation of chains into ellipsoidal shapes take place for shear $\gdot$ larger than $τ_{\rm R}^{-1}$. In such strong shear, we find that the chains undergo random tumbling motion taking stretched and compact shapes alternatively. We examine the validity of the stress-optical relation between the anisotropic parts of the stress tensor and the dielectric tensor, which are violated in transient states due to the presence of a large glassy component of the stress. We furthermore introduce time-correlation functions in shear to calculate the shear-dependent relaxation times, $τ_α(T,\gdot)$ and $τ_{\rm R} (T,\gdot)$, which decrease nonlinearly as functions of $\gdot$ in the shear-thinning regime.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
Which frailty scale for patients admitted via Emergency Department? A cohort study
Creators: name: Dent, Elsa
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objectives: To determine the prevalence of frailty in Emergency Departments (EDs); examine the ability of frailty to predict poor outcomes post-discharge; and identify the most appropriate instrument for routine ED use. Methods: In this prospective study we simultaneously assessed adults 65+yrs admitted and/or spent one night in the ED using Fried, the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and SUHB (Stable, Unstable, Help to walk, Bedbound) scales in four Australian EDs for rapid recognition of frailty between June 2015 and March 2016. Results: 899 adults with complete follow-up data (mean (SD) age 80.0 (8.3) years; female 51.4%) were screened for frailty. Although different scales yielded vastly different frailty prevalence (SUHB 9.7%, Fried 30.4%, CFS 43.7%), predictive discrimination of poor discharge outcomes (death, poor self-reported health/quality of life, need for community services post-discharge, or reattendance to ED after the index hospitalization) for all identical final models was equivalent across all scales (AUROC 0.735 for Fried, 0.730 for CFS and 0.720 for SUHB). Conclusion: This study confirms that screening for frailty in older ED patients can inform prognosis and target discharge planning including community services required. The CFS was as accurate as the Fried and SUHB in predicting poor outcomes, but more practical for use in busy clinical environments with lower level of disruption. Given the limitations of objectively measuring frailty parameters, self-report and clinical judgment can reliably substitute the assessment in EDs. We propose that in a busy ED environment, frailty scores could be used as a red flag for poor follow-up outcome.
Laccobius (Glyptolaccobius) sharmai Gentili 1995
Creators: name: Gentili, Elio
name: Fikaček, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrophilidae
Laccobius
Laccobius sharmai

description: Laccobius (Glyptolaccobius) sharmai Gentili, 1995
 Type locality. Nepal E, Solukhumbu, Surka La Pass, Karka Khola, 2875 m a.s.l.
 Additional material examined. NEPAL: Manasiu Mts., E slope of Ngadi Khola Valley, 2000–2300 m, 28°22′N 84°29′E, 14–16.v.2005, J. Schmidt leg., 17 spec. (NHME; MSNP; MSNV); Manasiu Mts., SE slope W Gupchi Danda, 2200–2300 m, 28°08′37N 84°44′42E, 18.v.2006, J. Schmidt leg., 1 J 1 ♀ (CSHS); Ganesh Himal, NNW Trisuli Bazar, Singhen Khola, 2400–2500 m, 19.iv.1999, Ghalé & Gurung leg., 1 J 1 (NHME); Baglung Lekh, ca. 30 km W Baglung, N Tara Khola, 2500–2700 m, 28°22′N 83°20′E, 18.v.2004, J. Schmidt leg., 3 spec. (NHME, MSNV); Baglung Lekh, ca. 30 km W Baglung, N Tara Khola, 2700–2800 m, 28°22′N 83°20′E, 19.–21.v.2004, J. Schmidt leg., 2 spec. (NHME); Annapurna Mts., Banthanti S Gorapani, 2400 m, 26.v.2004, J. Schmidt leg., 1 spec. (NHME).
 Note. This species is known from the foothills of high mountains in Nepal: Manasiu, Annapurna and Everest (Sagarmatha). It is recorded here also from the Dhaulagiri mountains and Langtang National Park (Ganesh Himal).
description: Published as part of Gentili, Elio & Fikaček, Martin, 2009, Taxonomic notes on Laccobius, subgenus Glyptolaccobius, with new records and description of four new species (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), pp. 607-623 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49 (2) on page 618, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5321314
Assembly of heteropolymers via a network of reaction coordinates
Creators: name: Chiuchiù, Davide
name: Ferrare, James
name: Pigolotti, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In biochemistry, heteropolymers encoding biological information are assembled out of equilibrium by sequentially incorporating available monomers found in the environment. Current models of polymerization treat monomer incorporation as a sequence of discrete chemical reactions between intermediate meta-stable states. In this paper, we use ideas from reaction rate theory and describe non-equilibrium assembly of a heteropolymer via a continuous reaction coordinate. Our approach allows to estimate the copy error and incorporation speed from the Gibbs free energy landscape of the process. We apply our theory to several examples, from a simple reaction characterized by a free energy barrier to more complex cases incorporating error correction mechanisms such as kinetic proofreading.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Mimastra Baly 1865
Creators: name: Bezděk, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Mimastra

description: Genus Mimastra Baly, 1865
 Mimastra Baly, 1865: 253. Type species: Mimastra arcuata Baly, 1865, by original designation.
 Anthraxantha Fairmaire, 1878 in DEYROLLE & FAIRMAIRE (1878):137. Type species: Anthraxantha davidis Fairmaire, 1878, by monotypy. Synonymised with Mimastra by JACOBY (1888): 351.
 Brachita Allard, 1889: 103. Type species: Brachita terminata Allard, 1889, by subsequent designation (GRESSITT & KIMOTO 1963: 535). Synonymised with Mimastra by ALLARD (1890): 80.
 Differential diagnosis. Mimastra can be distinguished from other externally similar genera (especially Hoplasoma Jacoby, 1884 and Haplosomoides Duvivier, 1890) by the combination of the following characters: body moderately elongate, parallel or slightly divergent posteriad, glabrous (usually with very fine scarce hairs in the posterior third of elytra), antennae filiform, pronotum with transverse depression, anterior and posterior margins of pronotum bordered, anterior coxal cavities opened posteriorly, posterior tibiae without spines, claws appendiculate.
 Distribution. Indian subcontinent, China and South-East Asia (southwards to Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo and the Philippines).
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Jan, 2009, Revisional study on the genus Mimastra (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae): Species with unmodified protarsomeres in male. Part 1., pp. 819-840 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49 (2) on pages 820-821, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5324956
Supersymmetry and electroweak breaking with large and small extra dimensions
Creators: name: Di Clemente, V.
name: King, S. F.
name: Rayner, D. A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of supersymmetry and electroweak breaking in a 5d theory compactified on an $S^{1}/Z_{2}$ orbifold, where the extra dimension may be large or small. We consider the case of a supersymmetry breaking 4d brane located at one of the orbifold fixed points with the Standard Model gauge sector, third family and Higgs fields in the 5d bulk, and the first two families on a parallel 4d matter brane located at the other fixed point. We compute the Kaluza-Klein mass spectrum in this theory using a matrix technique which allows us to interpolate between large and small extra dimensions. We also consider the problem of electroweak symmetry breaking in this theory and localize the Yukawa couplings on the 4d matter brane spatially separated from the brane where supersymmetry is broken. We calculate the 1-loop effective potential using a zeta-function regularization technique, and find that the dominant top and stop contributions are separately finite. Using this result we find consistent electroweak symmetry breaking for a compactification scale {$ 1/R \approx 830$ GeV} and a lightest Higgs boson mass $m_{h} \approx 170$ GeV.
description: Typos corrected, version accepted for publication in Nucl.Phys.B
Science paper "Flux-induced topological superconductivity in full-shell nanowires", report from expert panel
Creators: name: Guéron, Sophie
name: Hakonen, Pertti
name: MacDonald, Allan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: On the 30th of July 2021 Science published an Editorial Expression of Concern about this article after two quantum wire experts questioned whether the data it presented accurately represented the outcome of experiments.  Science then filed a “Form for reporting suspicion of research misconduct or questionable research practices” to the Practice Committee of the University of Copenhagen. The Practice Committee asked us to act as an expert panel to assess the complaint and report on our conclusions.  To perform our investigation, we were provided all material related to the publication process at Science and interviewed many of the parties involved in the preparation of this paper and many independent experts on quantum wire Majorana physics. We also examined all the data gathered by the authors in connection with the paper in question.  This report states our conclusions and summarizes the considerations on which they are based.

The conclusions and opinions stated are our own, and not necessarily those of our institutions.
Universal fluctuations around typicality for quantum ergodic systems
Creators: name: Bauer, Michel
name: Bernard, Denis
name: Jin, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a quantum system in a macroscopically large volume $V$, prepared in a pure state and subject to maximally noisy or ergodic unitary dynamics, the reduced density matrix of any sub-system $v\ll V$ is almost surely totally mixed. We show that the fluctuations around this limiting value, evaluated according to the invariant measure of these unitary flows, are captured by the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE) of random matrix theory. An extension of this statement, applicable when the unitary transformations conserve the energy but are maximally noisy or ergodic on any energy shell, allows to decipher the fluctuations around canonical typicality. According to typicality, if the large system is prepared in a generic pure state in a given energy shell, the reduced density matrix of the sub-system is almost surely the canonical Gibbs state of that sub-system. We show that the fluctuations around the Gibbs state are encoded in a deformation of the GUE whose covariance is specified by the Gibbs state. Contact with the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis (ETH) is discussed.
description: 5 pages + 5 pages Supplementary Material
Evidence for the formation of nanoprecipitates with magnetically disordered regions in bulk $\mathrm{Ni}_{50}\mathrm{Mn}_{45}\mathrm{In}_{5}$ Heusler alloys
Creators: name: Benacchio, Giordano
name: Titov, Ivan
name: Malyeyev, Artem
name: Peral, Inma
name: Bersweiler, Mathias
name: Bender, Philipp
name: Mettus, Denis
name: Honecker, Dirk
name: Gilbert, Elliot Paul
name: Coduri, Mauro
name: Heinemann, Andre
name: Mühlbauer, Sebastian
name: Cakir, Asli
name: Acet, Mehmet
name: Michels, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shell ferromagnetism is a new functional property of certain Heusler alloys which has been recently observed in $\mathrm{Ni}_{50}\mathrm{Mn}_{45}\mathrm{In}_{5}$. We report the results of a comparative study of the magnetic microstructure of bulk $\mathrm{Ni}_{50}\mathrm{Mn}_{45}\mathrm{In}_{5}$ Heusler alloys using magnetometry, synchrotron x-ray diffraction, and magnetic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). By combining unpolarized and spin-polarized SANS (POLARIS) we demonstrate that a number of important conclusions regarding the mesoscopic spin structure can be made. In particular, the analysis of the magnetic neutron data suggests that nanoprecipitates with an effective ferromagnetic component form in an antiferromagnetic matrix on field annealing at $700 \, \mathrm{K}$. These particles represent sources of perturbation, which seem to give rise to magnetically disordered regions in the vicinity of the particle-matrix interface. Analysis of the spin-flip SANS cross section via the computation of the correlation function yields a value of $\sim 55 \, \mathrm{nm}$ for the particle size and $\sim 20 \, \mathrm{nm}$ for the size of the spin-canted region.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Mu-Tau Reflection Symmetry in Lepton Mixing and Neutrino Oscillations
Creators: name: Harrison, P. F.
name: Scott, W. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the possibility that the lepton mixing matrix may exhibit a strong form of mu-tau universality, in which corresponding elements of the mu- and tau-neutrino flavour eigenstates have equal moduli, and find that it is consistent with present data on neutrino oscillations. We point out that in the Dirac case, this is equivalent to symmetry under mu-tau reflection, ie. the combined operation of mu-tau flavour exchange in the MNS matrix with a CP transformation on the whole leptonic sector. We give the most general form for such a mixing matrix, examine the lepton mass matrices under such a symmetry, and explore the observable manifestations of the symmetry in neutrino oscillations.
description: 14 pages, no figures. To be published in Physics Letters B