cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Bias of the Score Function of Finite Mixture Models
Creators: name: Labouriau, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We characterise the unbiasedness of the score function, viewed as an inference function for a class of finite mixture models. The models studied represent the situation where there is a stratification of the observations in a finite number of groups. We show that, under mild regularity conditions, the score function for estimating the parameters identifying each group's distribution is unbiased. We also show that if one introduces a mixture in the scenario described above so that for some observations, it is only known that they belong to some of the groups with a probability not in $\{ 0, 1 \}$, then the score function becomes biased. We argue then that under further mild regularity, the maximum likelihood estimate is not consistent. The results above are extended to regular models containing arbitrary nuisance parameters, including semiparametric models.
description: 7 pages
An almost optimal bound on the number of intersections of two simple polygons
Creators: name: Ackerman, Eyal
name: Keszegh, Balázs
name: Rote, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.1

description: What is the maximum number of intersections of the boundaries of a simple $m$-gon and a simple $n$-gon, assuming general position? This is a basic question in combinatorial geometry, and the answer is easy if at least one of $m$ and $n$ is even: If both $m$ and $n$ are even, then every pair of sides may cross and so the answer is $mn$. If exactly one polygon, say the $n$-gon, has an odd number of sides, it can intersect each side of the $m$-gon at most $n-1$ times; hence there are at most $mn-m$ intersections. It is not hard to construct examples that meet these bounds. If both $m$ and $n$ are odd, the best known construction has $mn-(m+n)+3$ intersections, and it is conjectured that this is the maximum. However, the best known upper bound is only $mn-(m + \lceil \frac{n}{6} \rceil)$, for $m \ge n$. We prove a new upper bound of $mn-(m+n)+C$ for some constant $C$, which is optimal apart from the value of $C$.
description: 18 pages, 24 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2020) in June 2016 (Eds. Sergio Cabello and Danny Chen)
ECM stiffness regulates calcium influx into mitochondria via tubulin and VDAC1 activity
Creators: name: Kim, Minji
name: Han, Kiseok
name: Choi, Gyuho
name: Ahn, Sanghyun
name: Suh, Jung-Soo
name: Kim, Tae-Jin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Calcium ions (Ca2+) play pivotal roles in regulating numerous cellular functions, including metabolism and growth, in normal and cancerous cells. Consequently, Ca2+ signaling is a vital determinant of cell fate and influences both cell survival and death. These intracellular signals are susceptible to modulation by various factors, including changes in the extracellular environment, which leads to mechanical alterations. However, the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness variations on intracellular Ca2+ signaling remains underexplored. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation through the mitochondria, which are crucial to Ca2+ homeostasis. We investigated how Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms adapt to different levels of ECM stiffness by simultaneously imaging the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in live cells using genetically encoded biosensors. Our findings revealed that the uptake of mitochondrial Ca2+ through Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 (VDAC1), facilitated by intracellular tubulin, is influenced by ECM stiffness. Unraveling these Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms under various conditions offers a novel perspective for advancing biomedical studies involving Ca2+ signaling.
Electron neutrino mass scale in spectrum of Dirac equation with the 5-form flux term on the AdS(5)xS(5) background
Creators: name: Altshuler, Boris L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dimensional reduction from 10 to 5 dimensions of the IIB supergravity Dirac equation written down on the AdS(5)xS(5) (+ self-dual 5-form) background provides the unambiguous values of bulk masses of Fermions in the effective 5D Randall Sundrum theory. The use of "untwisted" and "twisted" (hep-th/0012378) boundary conditions at the UV and IR ends of the warped space-time results in two towers of spectrum of Dirac equation: the ordinary one which is linear in spectral number and the "twisted" one exponentially decreasing with growth of spectral number. Taking into account of the Fermion-5-form interaction (hep-th/9811106) gives the electron neutrino mass scale in the "twisted" spectrum of Dirac equation. Profiles in extra space of the eigenfunctions of left and right "neutrinos" drastically differ which may result in the extremely small coupling of light right neutrino with ordinary matter thus joining it to plethora of candidates for Dark Matter.
description: 11 pages
A tale of two vortices: how numerical ergodic theory and transfer operators reveal fundamental changes to coherent structures in non-autonomous dynamical systems
Creators: name: Blachut, Chantelle
name: González-Tokman, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 37M25, Secondary: 37H15

description: Coherent structures are spatially varying regions which disperse minimally over time and organise motion in non-autonomous systems. This work develops and implements algorithms providing multilayered descriptions of time-dependent systems which are not only useful for locating coherent structures, but also for detecting time windows within which these structures undergo fundamental structural changes, such as merging and splitting events. These algorithms rely on singular value decompositions associated to Ulam type discretisations of transfer operators induced by dynamical systems, and build on recent developments in multiplicative ergodic theory. Furthermore, they allow us to investigate various connections between the evolution of relevant singular value decompositions and dynamical features of the system. The approach is tested on models of periodically and quasi-periodically driven systems, as well as on a geophysical dataset corresponding to the splitting of the Southern Polar Vortex.
description: To appear in the Journal of Computational Dynamics
Combinations of $L$-functions and Their Non-coincident Zeros for $σ>1$
Creators: name: Kirila, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this note is to build upon work of Booker--Thorne and Righetti concerning zeros of algebraic combinations of $L$-functions. Namely, we show that two generic combinations of functions from a wide class of Euler products have non-coincident zeros in the half-plane $σ>1$.
description: 6 pages
Minimal Flavour Seesaw Models
Creators: name: Gavela, M. B.
name: Hambye, T.
name: Hernandez, D.
name: Hernandez, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore realizations of minimal flavour violation (MFV) for the lepton sector. We find that it can be realized within those seesaw models where a separation of the lepton number and lepton flavour violating scales can be achieved, such as type II and inverse seesaw models. We present in particular a simple implementation of the MFV hypothesis which differs in nature from those previously discussed. It allows to reconstruct the flavour structure of the model from the values of the light neutrino masses and mixing parameters, even in the presence of CP-violating phases. Experimentally reachable predictions for rare processes such as mu --> e gamma are given.
description: Misprints corrected. A reference added. A subtle point in the reconstruction of the flavour parameters is clarified
Adaptive Multi-Feature Budgeted Profit Maximization in Social Networks
Creators: name: Chen, Tiantian
name: Guo, Jianxiong
name: Wu, Weili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online social network has been one of the most important platforms for viral marketing. Most of existing researches about diffusion of adoptions of new products on networks are about one diffusion. That is, only one piece of information about the product is spread on the network. However, in fact, one product may have multiple features and the information about different features may spread independently in social network. When a user would like to purchase the product, he would consider all of the features of the product comprehensively not just consider one. Based on this, we propose a novel problem, multi-feature budgeted profit maximization (MBPM) problem, which first considers budgeted profit maximization under multiple features propagation of one product. Given a social network with each node having an activation cost and a profit, MBPM problem seeks for a seed set with expected cost no more than the budget to make the total expected profit as large as possible. We consider MBPM problem under the adaptive setting, where seeds are chosen iteratively and next seed is selected according to current diffusion results. We study adaptive MBPM problem under two models, oracle model and noise model. The oracle model assumes conditional expected marginal profit of any node could be obtained in O(1) time and a (1-1/e) expected approximation policy is proposed. Under the noise model, we estimate conditional expected marginal profit of a node by modifying the EPIC algorithm and propose an efficient policy, which could return a (1-exp(ε-1)) expected approximation ratio. Several experiments are conducted on six realistic datasets to compare our proposed policies with their corresponding non-adaptive algorithms and some heuristic adaptive policies. Experimental results show efficiencies and superiorities of our policies.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Low mass strange stars and the compact star 1E1207.4-5209 in the Field Correlator Method
Creators: name: Pereira, F. I. M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible existence of anomalous mass defects in the low mass region of stellar sequences of strange stars. We employ the nonperturbative equation of state derived in the framework of the Field Correlator Method to describe the hydrostatic equilibrium of the strange matter. The large distance static $Q{\bar Q}$ potential $V_1$ and the gluon condensate $G_2$ are the main parameters of the model. We use the surface gravitational redshift measurements as a probe to determine the ratio $({\cal P}/{\cal E})_C$ at the center of strange stars. For $V_1=0$ and $G_2\gappr0.035\,{\rm GeV}^4$\,, we show that $({\cal P}/{\cal E})_C\simeq0.262$ and the corresponding redshift $z_S\simeq0.47$ are limiting values, at the maximum mass of the highest mass stellar sequence. As a direct application of our study, we try to determine the values of $V_1$ and $G_2$ from astrophysical observations of the compact star 1E\,1207.4-5209. Due to the uncertainties in the surface redshift determination, we made two attempts to obtain the model parameters. Our findings show that $({\cal P}/{\cal E})_C=0.073^{+0.029}_{+0.024}$\, at 68\% confidence, $V_1=0.44\pm0.10$\,GeV at 90\% confidence and $G_2=0.008\pm0.001\,{\rm GeV}^4$ at 95\% confidence \, in the first attempt; and $({\cal P}/{\cal E})_C=0.073^{+0.029}_{+0.024}=0.087\pm0.028$\, at 71\% confidence, $V_1=0.43\pm0.085$\,GeV at 94\% confidence and $G_2=0.0093\pm0.00092\,{\rm GeV}^4$ at 94\% confidence in the second attempt. These values of $V_1$ and $G_2$ are in reasonable agreement with the lattice and QCD sum rules calculations. As a consequence of the high values of $V_1$ and $G_2$, the anomalous mass defects of 1E\,1207.4-5209 are $|Δ_2M|\simeq2.56\times10^{53}$\,erg\, in the first attempt and $|Δ_2M|\simeq2.94\times10^{53}$\,erg\, in the second attempt.
description: 34 pages, 15 figures
On the global homotopy theory of symmetric monoidal categories
Creators: name: Lenz, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P91 (Primary), 19D23 (Secondary)

description: Parsummable categories were introduced by Schwede as input for his global algebraic $K$-theory construction. We prove that their whole homotopy theory with respect to the so-called global equivalences can already be modelled by the more mundane symmetric monoidal categories. In another direction, we show that the resulting homotopy theory is also equivalent to the homotopy theory of a certain simplicial analogue of parsummable categories, that we call parsummable simplicial sets. These form a bridge to several concepts of 'globally coherently commutative monoids' like ultra-commutative monoids and global $Γ$-spaces, that we explore in arXiv:2012.12676.
description: Final version incorporating suggestions by referee (minor corrections and some changes to exposition). 52 pages
Incorporating fear (un)learning mechanisms in infectious disease modelling
Creators: name: Kaur, Avneet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Effective management of epidemics requires not only modeling the disease itself but also the fear response of the population to both the disease and the vaccine. Risk perceptions of the disease may drive fear of disease in the population, thus encouraging people to adopt prophylaxis. On the other hand, negative thoughts about vaccines may drive fear of vaccines in the population, thus making some people vaccine hesitant. Since these fear responses affect population behaviour and thus disease transmission rate, fear responses in turn influence the disease trajectory. In this thesis, we investigate an existing model of disease transmission that considers fear of disease and fear of vaccine as contagions that occur alongside the usual contagion of the disease. The mechanisms of fear acquisition and loss are rooted in human behavioural science. We analyse this model to determine the conditions under which each of the contagions (disease, fear of disease, or fear of vaccine) initially grows the fastest. We then analytically investigate a reduced version of the full model with just the fear of disease (i.e., no vaccine or fear of vaccine). We consider this reduced model in two scenarios, one where fear is transmitted at a rate slower than that of the disease, and the other where the two transmission rates are comparable. In the former scenario, we show that behavioural change has little to no effect on the disease dynamics, but in the latter case, we observe that sufficient behavioural intervention can suppress the epidemic yielding bifurcations in final epidemic size, the number of infection waves, and their relative peak size. In both scenarios, we observe that the disease-fearful population may retain fear of disease even after the outbreak is over. Finally, we propose an extension to the full model by adding a compartment for the population that is simultaneously fearful of both the disease and the vaccine. Analysis of the modified model gives us insights into the rich disease dynamics of this model. In particular, we observe that the final epidemic size remains low when a large fraction of the population either gets vaccinated or shifts to the double fear compartment.
Definable Tietze extension property in o-minimal expansion of ordered group
Creators: name: Fujita, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C64

description: The following two assertions are equivalent for an o-minimal expansion of an ordered group $\mathcal M=(M,<,+,0,\ldots)$. There exists a definable bijection between a bounded interval and an unbounded interval. Any definable continuous function $f:A \rightarrow M$ defined on a definable closed subset of $M^n$ has a definable continuous extension $F:M^n \rightarrow M$.
description: Included as an appendix of the updated arXiv:2010.02420
A hospital demand and capacity intervention approach for COVID-19 in the UK
Creators: name: Van Yperen, James
name: Campillo-Funollet, Eduard
name: Inkpen, Rebecca
name: Memon, Anjum
name: Madzvamuse, Anotida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mathematical interpretation of interventions for the mitigation of epidemics and pandemics in the literature often involves finding the optimal time to initiate an intervention and/or the use of infections to manage impact. Whilst these methods may work in theory, in order to implement they may require information which is likely not available whilst one is in the midst of an epidemic, or they may require impeccable data about infection levels in the community. In practice, testing and cases data is only as good as the policy of implementation and the compliance of the individuals, which means that understanding the levels of infections becomes difficult or complicated from the data that is provided. In this paper, we aim to develop a different approach to the mathematical modelling of interventions, not based on optimality, but based on demand and capacity of local authorities who have to deal with the epidemic on a day to day basis. In particular, we use data-driven modelling to calibrate an Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered-Died (SEIR-D) model to infer parameters that depict the dynamics of the epidemic in a region of the UK. We use the calibrated parameters for forecasting scenarios and understand, given a maximum capacity of hospital healthcare services, how the timing of interventions, severity of interventions, and conditions for the releasing of interventions affect the overall epidemic-picture.
Universality of Bias- and Temperature-induced Dephasing in Ballistic Electronic Interferometers
Creators: name: Yamauchi, Y.
name: Hashisaka, M.
name: Nakamura, S.
name: Chida, K.
name: Kasai, S.
name: Ono, T.
name: Leturcq, R.
name: Ensslin, K.
name: Driscoll, D. C.
name: Gossard, A. C.
name: Kobayashi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a transport measurement in a ballistic Aharonov-Bohm ring and a Fabry-Perot type interferometer. In both cases we found that the interference signal is reversed at a certain bias voltage and that the visibility decays exponentially as a function of temperature, being in a strong analogy with recent reports on the electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometers. By analyzing the data including those in the previous works, the energy scales that characterize the dephasing are found to be dominantly dependent on the interferometer size, implying the presence of a universal behavior in ballistic interferometers in both linear and non-linear transport regimes.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRB rapid comm
Open Korean Corpora: A Practical Report
Creators: name: Cho, Won Ik
name: Moon, Sangwhan
name: Song, Youngsook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Korean is often referred to as a low-resource language in the research community. While this claim is partially true, it is also because the availability of resources is inadequately advertised and curated. This work curates and reviews a list of Korean corpora, first describing institution-level resource development, then further iterate through a list of current open datasets for different types of tasks. We then propose a direction on how open-source dataset construction and releases should be done for less-resourced languages to promote research.
description: Published in NLP-OSS @EMNLP2020; May 2023 version added with new datasets
Additional file 1 of Application of plasma donor-derived cell free DNA for lung allograft rejection diagnosis in lung transplant recipients
Creators: name: Ju, Chunrong
name: Xu, Xin
name: Zhang, Jianheng
name: Chen, Ao
name: Lian, Qiaoyan
name: Liu, Feng
name: Liu, Haitao
name: Cai, Yuhang
name: Zou, Yanjun
name: Yang, Yalan
name: Zhou, Yang
name: He, Jianxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) images from a right single lung transplant recipient during different period post lung transplantation.
Hydrodynamic Equations for Microscopic Phase Densities
Creators: name: Gerasimenko, V. I.
name: Shtyk, V. O.
name: Zagorodny, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution equations for the generalized microscopic phase densities are introduced. The evolution equations of average values of microscopic phase densities are derived and a solution of the initial-value problem of the obtained hydrodynamic type hierarchy is constructed.
description: 4 pages
Dietary exposure of the water flea Daphnia galeata to microcystin-LR
Creators: name: Kim, Eun-jeong
name: Jeon, Donggu
name: Park, Yeon-jeong
name: Woo, Hyunmin
name: Eyun, Seong-il
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Harmful substances like the cyanotoxin microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) are commonly found in eutrophic freshwater environments, posing risks to aquatic organisms. The water flea, Daphnia, is a well-established model organism for environmental toxicology research. Nevertheless, there is currently insufficient research on the genes that respond to MC-LR in Daphnia galeata. This study aimed to gain insights into the notable genes that react significantly to MC-LR. In this study, we generated an extensive RNA-Seq sequences isolated from the D. galeata HK strain, Han River in Korea. This strain was nourished with a diet of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris and treated with pure MC-LR at a concentration of 36 ug/L. The transcriptome profile in response to the MC-LR treatment was obtained and 336 differentially expressed genes were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and euKaryotic Orthologous Groups of proteins analyses. GO enrichment analysis showed that chemical stimulus, amino sugar metabolic and catabolic process, oxidative stress, and detoxification were highly enriched, in reverse, proteolysis and fucosylation were underpresented. Detoxification process related genes such as peroxidase-like, chorion, and thyroid peroxidase-like were enriched for eliminating or neutralizing MC_LR from an organism's body. Furthermore, functional protein classification revealed an upregulation of lipid and inorganic ion transport processes, while amino acid and carbohydrate transport processes were found to be downregulated. These findings offer insights into how organisms respond to ecotoxic stimuli, providing valuable information for understanding adaptation or defense pathways.
Group theory analysis of electrons and phonons in N-layer graphene systems
Creators: name: Malard, L. M.
name: Mafra, D. L.
name: Guimarães, M. H. D.
name: Mazzoni, M. S. C.
name: Jorio, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the symmetry properties of electrons and phonons in graphene systems as function of the number of layers. We derive the selection rules for the electron-radiation and for the electron-phonon interactions at all points in the Brillouin zone. By considering these selection rules, we address the double resonance Raman scattering process. The monolayer and bilayer graphene in the presence of an applied electric field are also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
A Random Algorithm for Profit Maximization with Multiple Adoptions in Online Social Networks
Creators: name: Chen, Tiantian
name: Liu, Bin
name: Liu, Wenjing
name: Fang, Qizhi
name: Yuan, Jing
name: Wu, Weili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online social networks have been one of the most effective platforms for marketing and advertising. Through "word of mouth" effects, information or product adoption could spread from some influential individuals to millions of users in social networks. Given a social network $G$ and a constant $k$, the influence maximization problem seeks for $k$ nodes in $G$ that can influence the largest number of nodes. This problem has found important applications, and a large amount of works have been devoted to identifying the few most influential users. But most of existing works only focus on the diffusion of a single idea or product in social networks. However, in reality, one company may produce multiple kinds of products and one user may also have multiple adoptions. Given multiple kinds of different products with different activation costs and profits, it is crucial for the company to distribute the limited budget among multiple products in order to achieve profit maximization. Profit Maximization with Multiple Adoptions (PM$^{2}$A) problem aims to seek for a seed set within the budget to maximize the overall profit. In this paper, a Randomized Modified Greedy (RMG) algorithm based on the Reverse Influence Sampling (RIS) technique is presented for the PM$^{2}$A problem, which could achieve a $(1-1/e-\varepsilon)$-approximate solution with high probability. Compared with the algorithm proposed in [16] that achieves a $\frac{1}{2}(1-1/e^{2})$-approximate solution, our algorithm provides a better performance ratio which is also the best performance ratio of the PM$^{2}$A problem. Comprehensive experiments on three real-world social networks are conducted, and the results demonstrate that our RMG algorithm outperforms the algorithm proposed in [16] and other heuristics in terms of profit maximization, and could better allocate the budget.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Phoretic Motion of Spheroidal Particles Due To Self-Generated Solute Gradients
Creators: name: Popescu, M. N.
name: Dietrich, S.
name: Tasinkevych, M.
name: Ralston, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the phoretic motion of a spheroidal particle, which generates solute gradients in the surrounding unbounded solvent via chemical reactions active on its surface in a cap-like region centered at one of the poles of the particle. We derive, within the constraints of the mapping to classical diffusio-phoresis, an analytical expression for the phoretic velocity of such an object. This allows us to analyze in detail the dependence of the velocity on the aspect ratio of the polar and the equatorial diameters of the particle and on the fraction of the particle surface contributing to the chemical reaction. The particular cases of a sphere and of an approximation for a needle-like particle, which are the most common shapes employed in experimental realizations of such self-propelled objects, are obtained from the general solution in the limits that the aspect ratio approaches one or becomes very large, respectively.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in European Physical Journal E
Modelling the WMAP large-angle anomalies as an effect of a local density inhomogeneity
Creators: name: He, Li-Ping
name: Guo, Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate large-angle scale temperature anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data and model the large-angle anomalies as the effect of the CMB quadrupole anisotropies caused by the local density inhomogeneities. The quadrupole caused by the local density inhomogeneities is different from the special relativity kinematic quadrupole. If the observer inhabits a strong inhomogeneous region, the local quadrupole should not be neglected. We calculate such local quadrupole under the assumption that there is a huge density fluctuation field in direction $(284^{\circ},74^{\circ})$, where the density fluctuation is $10^{-3}$, and its center is $\sim 112h^{-1} \rm {Mpc}$ away from us. After removing such mock signals from WMAP data, the power in quadrupole, $C_2$, increases from the range $(200\sim260μ\rm{K^2})$ to $\sim1000μ\rm{K^2}$. The quantity S, which is used to estimate the alignment between the quadrupole and the octopole, decreases from $(0.7\sim0.74)$ to $(0.31\sim0.37)$, while the model predict that $C_2=1071.5μ\rm{K^2}$, $S=0.412$. So our local density inhomogeneity model can, in part, explain the WMAP low-$\ell$ anomalies.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted by RAA
QPO Evolution in 2005 Outburst of the Galactic Nano Quasar GRO J1655-40
Creators: name: Debnath, D.
name: Nandi, A.
name: Pal, P. S.
name: Chakrabarti, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRO J1655-40 showed significant X-ray activity in the last week of February, 2005 and remained active for the next 260 days. The rising and the decline phases of this particular outburst show evidence for systematic movements of the Comptonizing region, assumed to be a CENBOL, which causes the Quasi-periodic Oscillations or QPOs. We present both the spectral and the timing results of the RXTE/PCA data taken from these two hard spectral states. Assuming that the QPOs originate from an oscillating shock CENBOL, we show how the shock slowly moves in through the accretion flow during the rising phase at a constant velocity and accelerate away outward during the later part of the decline phase. By fitting the observed frequencies with our solution, we extract time variation of various disk parameters such as the shock locations, velocity etc.
description: 5 Pages, 2 Figures, Proceeding of the 2nd Kolkata Conference on "Observational Evidence for the Black Holes in the Universe", Published in AIP, 2008
Toward ab initio density functional theory for nuclei
Creators: name: Drut, J. E.
name: Furnstahl, R. J.
name: Platter, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We survey approaches to nonrelativistic density functional theory (DFT) for nuclei using progress toward ab initio DFT for Coulomb systems as a guide. Ab initio DFT starts with a microscopic Hamiltonian and is naturally formulated using orbital-based functionals, which generalize the conventional local-density-plus-gradients form. The orbitals satisfy single-particle equations with multiplicative (local) potentials. The DFT functionals can be developed starting from internucleon forces using wave-function based methods or by Legendre transform via effective actions. We describe known and unresolved issues for applying these formulations to the nuclear many-body problem and discuss how ab initio approaches can help improve empirical energy density functionals.
description: 69 pages, 16 figures, many revisions based on feedback. To appear in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Additional file 2 of Application of plasma donor-derived cell free DNA for lung allograft rejection diagnosis in lung transplant recipients
Creators: name: Ju, Chunrong
name: Xu, Xin
name: Zhang, Jianheng
name: Chen, Ao
name: Lian, Qiaoyan
name: Liu, Feng
name: Liu, Haitao
name: Cai, Yuhang
name: Zou, Yanjun
name: Yang, Yalan
name: Zhou, Yang
name: He, Jianxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Thoracic CT images show multiple infiltration in the right allograft lung during the period of the acute exacerbation.
Categorification of skew-symmetrizable cluster algebras
Creators: name: Demonet, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a new framework for categorifying skew-symmetrizable cluster algebras. Starting from an exact stably 2-Calabi-Yau category C endowed with the action of a finite group G, we construct a G-equivariant mutation on the set of maximal rigid G-invariant objects of C. Using an appropriate cluster character, we can then attach to these data an explicit skew-symmetrizable cluster algebra. As an application we prove the linear independence of the cluster monomials in this setting. Finally, we illustrate our construction with examples associated with partial flag varieties and unipotent subgroups of Kac-Moody groups, generalizing to the non simply-laced case several results of Geiß-Leclerc-Schröer.
description: 64 pages
The Tully-Fisher relation in dense groups at $z \sim 0.7$ in the MAGIC survey
Creators: name: Abril-Melgarejo, Valentina
name: Epinat, Benoît
name: Mercier, Wilfried
name: Contini, Thierry
name: Boogaard, Leindert A.
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Finley, Hayley
name: Michel-Dansac, Léo
name: Ventou, Emmy
name: Amram, Philipe
name: Krajnović, Davor
name: Mahler, Guillaume
name: Pineda, Juan C. B.
name: Richard, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies in dense environments are subject to interactions and mechanisms which directly affect their evolution by lowering their gas fractions and reducing their star-forming capacity earlier than their isolated counterparts. The aim of our project is to get new insights about the role of environment on the stellar and baryonic content of galaxies using a kinematic approach, through the study of the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR). We study a sample of galaxies in 8 groups spanning a redshift range of $0.5
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Improving water management in mining regions through understanding stakeholders’ views and perspectives on integrated water resources management
Creators: name: Purevjav, Bolormaa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: The question of sustainability for water resources has emerged as a universal challenge in mining regions because of increased water use, pollution, water scarcity and depletion. In developing countries such as Mongolia, the mining industry is an important sector that contributes to economic growth and employment creation. Water access, water quality, and community engagement in mining regions are among the major challenges faced by the Mongolian mining industry. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is a holistic water management approach that applies principles of economic efficiency, social equity, and ecological sustainability to achieve water sustainability in a region. The objectives of this research study were to understand stakeholders’ views and perspectives on IWRM and to identify water use practices, barriers, and obstacles to improved practices in the Gobi Desert and Central forest-steppe mining regions. The aim was to identify processes that can help to improve access to water and water quality in these regions. This research applied a qualitative approach and employed three data collection methods: 1) semi-structured interviews; 2) field observations and 3) documents and academic articles reviews. Research participants were representatives from mining companies, local communities, government, and river basin administrations. Grounded Theory (GT) was used for data analysis to identify processes. In the Gobi Desert region, processes contributing to improving IWRM were: 1) participatory water monitoring, 2) coal processing plant educational visits, 3) tri-party stakeholder meetings, 4) mine water monitoring, 5) independent water auditing, and 6) mining environmental management plan implementation. In the Central forest-steppe region, processes contributing to IWRM were: 1) community outreach, 2) the community's fight against illegal gold processing in the Orkhon River; and 3) cleanup of the Khangal River polluted by the mine.
Integrable discretizations of the short pulse equation
Creators: name: Feng, Bao-Feng
name: Maruno, Ken-ichi
name: Ohta, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper, we propose integrable semi-discrete and full-discrete analogues of the short pulse (SP) equation. The key of the construction is the bilinear forms and determinant structure of solutions of the SP equation. We also give the determinant formulas of N-soliton solutions of the semi-discrete and full-discrete analogues of the SP equations, from which the multi-loop and multi-breather solutions can be generated. In the continuous limit, the full-discrete SP equation converges to the semi-discrete SP equation, then to the continuous SP equation. Based on the semi-discrete SP equation, an integrable numerical scheme, i.e., a self-adaptive moving mesh scheme, is proposed and used for the numerical computation of the short pulse equation.
description: 15 pages
Calabi-Yau structures for multiplicative preprojective algebras
Creators: name: Bozec, Tristan
name: Calaque, Damien
name: Scherotzke, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we deal with Calabi-Yau structures associated with (differential graded versions of) deformed multiplicative preprojective algebras, of which we provide concrete algebraic descriptions. Along the way, we prove a general result that states the existence and uniqueness of negative cyclic lifts for non-degenerate relative Hochschild classes.
description: 25 pages. Minor changes, final version, appeared in JNCG
Additional file 4 of Application of plasma donor-derived cell free DNA for lung allograft rejection diagnosis in lung transplant recipients
Creators: name: Ju, Chunrong
name: Xu, Xin
name: Zhang, Jianheng
name: Chen, Ao
name: Lian, Qiaoyan
name: Liu, Feng
name: Liu, Haitao
name: Cai, Yuhang
name: Zou, Yanjun
name: Yang, Yalan
name: Zhou, Yang
name: He, Jianxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Information on the infectious agents isolated from BALF in the AR group.
Foundations of anisotropic relativistic mechanics
Creators: name: Sonego, Sebastiano
name: Pin, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We lay down the foundations of particle dynamics in mechanical theories that satisfy the relativity principle and whose kinematics can be formulated employing reference frames of the type usually adopted in special relativity. Such mechanics allow for the presence of anisotropy, both conventional (due to non-standard synchronisation protocols) and real (leading to detectable chronogeometrical effects, independent of the choice of synchronisation). We give a general method for finding the fundamental dynamical quantities (Lagrangian, energy and momentum), and write their explicit expression in all the kinematics compatible with the basic requirements. We also write the corresponding dispersion relations and outline a formulation of these theories in terms of a pseudo-Finslerian spacetime geometry. Although the treatment is restricted to the case of one spatial dimension, an extension to three dimensions is almost straightforward.
description: 41 pages, 4 figures
Transits against Fainter Stars: The Power of Image Deconvolution
Creators: name: Sackett, Penny D.
name: Gillon, Michaël
name: Bayliss, Daniel D. R.
name: Weldrake, David T. F.
name: Tingley, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compared to bright star searches, surveys for transiting planets against fainter (V=12-18) stars have the advantage of much higher sky densities of dwarf star primaries, which afford easier detection of small transiting bodies. Furthermore, deep searches are capable of probing a wider range of stellar environments. On the other hand, for a given spatial resolution and transit depth, deep searches are more prone to confusion from blended eclipsing binaries. We present a powerful mitigation strategy for the blending problem that includes the use of image deconvolution and high resolution imaging. The techniques are illustrated with Lupus-TR-3 and very recent IR imaging with PANIC on Magellan. The results are likely to have implications for the CoRoT and KEPLER missions designed to detect transiting planets of terrestrial size.
Drift-Kinetic Modeling of Particle Acceleration and Transport in Solar Flares
Creators: name: Minoshima, T.
name: Masuda, S.
name: Miyoshi, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the drift-kinetic theory, we develop a model for particle acceleration and transport in solar flares. The model describes the evolution of the particle distribution function by means of a numerical simulation of the drift-kinetic Vlasov equation, which allows us to directly compare simulation results with observations within an actual parameter range of the solar corona. Using this model, we investigate the time evolution of the electron distribution in a flaring region. The simulation identifies two dominant mechanisms of electron acceleration. One is the betatron acceleration at the top of closed loops, which enhances the electron velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field line. The other is the inertia drift acceleration in open magnetic field lines, which produces antisunward electrons. The resulting velocity space distribution significantly deviates from an isotropic distribution. The former acceleration can be a generation mechanism of electrons that radiate loop-top nonthermal emissions, and the latter be of escaping electrons from the Sun that should be observed by in-situ measurements in interplanetary space and resulting radio bursts through plasma instabilities.
description: 32 Pages, 11 figures, accepted by ApJ
Additional file 5 of Application of plasma donor-derived cell free DNA for lung allograft rejection diagnosis in lung transplant recipients
Creators: name: Ju, Chunrong
name: Xu, Xin
name: Zhang, Jianheng
name: Chen, Ao
name: Lian, Qiaoyan
name: Liu, Feng
name: Liu, Haitao
name: Cai, Yuhang
name: Zou, Yanjun
name: Yang, Yalan
name: Zhou, Yang
name: He, Jianxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 5: Table S2. Information on the infectious agents isolated from BALF in the infection group.
High-statistics study of ${\boldmath ηπ^0}$ production in two-photon collisions
Creators: name: Uehara, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The differential cross section for the process $γγ\to ηπ^0$ has been measured in the kinematic range $0.84 \GeV < W < 4.0 \GeV$, $|\cos θ^*|<0.8$, where $W$ and $θ^*$ are the energy and $π^0$ (or $η$) scattering angle, respectively, in the $γγ$ center-of-mass system. The results are based on a 223 fb$^{-1}$ data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+ e^-$ collider. Clear peaks due to the $a_0(980)$ and $a_2(1320)$ are visible. The differential cross sections are fitted in the energy region $0.9 \GeV < W < 1.46 \GeV$ to obtain the parameters of the $a_0(980)$. Its mass, width and $Γ_{γγ} \B (ηπ^0)$ are measured to be $982.3 ^{+0.6}_{-0.7} ^{+3.1}_{-4.7} \MeV/c^2$, $75.6 \pm 1.6 ^{+17.4}_{-10.0} \MeV$ and $128 ^{+3}_{-2} ^{+502}_{-43} \eV$, respectively. The energy and angular dependences above 3.1 GeV are compared with those measured in the $π^0 π^0$ channel. The integrated cross section over $|\cos θ^*|<0.8$ has a $W^{-n}$ dependence with $n = 10.5 \pm 1.2 \pm 0.5$, which is slightly larger than that for $π^0 π^0$. The differential cross sections show a $\sin^{-4} θ^*$ dependence similar to $γγ\to π^0 π^0$. The measured cross section ratio, $σ(ηπ^0)/σ(π^0 π^0) = 0.48 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.04$, is consistent with a QCD-based prediction.
description: 25 pages 16 figures