cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Risk analysis beyond vulnerability and resilience - characterizing the defensibility of critical systems
Creators: name: Bier, Vicki
name: Gutfraind, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A common problem in risk analysis is to characterize the overall security of a system of valuable assets (e.g., government buildings or communication hubs), and to suggest measures to mitigate any hazards or security threats. Currently, analysts typically rely on a combination of indices, such as resilience, robustness, redundancy, security, and vulnerability. However, these indices are not by themselves sufficient as a guide to action; for example, while it is possible to develop policies to decrease vulnerability, such policies may not always be cost-effective. Motivated by this gap, we propose a new index, defensibility. A system is considered defensible to the extent that a modest investment can significantly reduce the damage from an attack or disruption. To compare systems whose performance is not readily commensurable (e.g., the electrical grid vs. the water-distribution network, both of which are critical, but which provide distinct types of services), we defined defensibility as a dimensionless index. After defining defensibility quantitatively, we illustrate how the defensibility of a system depends on factors such as the defender and attacker asset valuations, the nature of the threat (whether intelligent and adaptive, or random), and the levels of attack and defense strengths and provide analytical results that support the observations arising from the above illustrations. Overall, we argue that the defensibility of a system is an important dimension to consider when evaluating potential defensive investments, and that it can be applied in a variety of different contexts.
description: 36 pages; Keywords: Risk Analysis, Defensibility, Vulnerability, Resilience, Counter-terrorism
Wie der Gender Data Gap mit der Digitalisierung zusammenhängt
Creators: name: Riedl, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Berner Fachhochschule, Wirtschaft
Year: 2024

description: Bei vielen medizinischen Studien ist der Anteil teilnehmender Patientinnen gering. Die meisten Teilnehmenden sind männlich. Die Folge ist, dass die Datenlage zu Frauen in der Medizin oft viel schlechter ist als die zu Männern. Es gibt einen Gender Data Gap – nicht überall, aber in zu vielen Bereichen. Dazu kommt, dass in einzelnen Bereichen, es zu Wechselwirkungen zwischen unterschiedlichen Leiden in Bezug auf Frauen keine oder veraltete Daten gibt: das heisst beispielsweise nur Daten aus Zeiten, als heute völlig veraltete Therapien angewandt wurden. Das ist dann zwar kein Gender Data Gap, aber ein grosses Problem ist es trotzdem. Denn ohne Daten keine evidenzbasierte Vorsorge und Therapie.
Stillen oder nicht stillen? Die Krux bei HIV
Creators: name: Stäheli, Tanja
name: Origlia Ikhilor, Paola
Publisher: name: Schweizerischer Hebammenverband (SHV)
Year: 2024

description: Eine Mutter steht vor einer schweren Entscheidung: Soll sie ihr Neugeborenes stillen, obwohl sie HIV-positiv ist? Lange war die Antwort ein klares Nein. Neuere Forschungsergebnisse fordern uns jedoch dazu auf, die gängigen Empfehlungen zu überdenken. Ein Review ging dieser Frage nach.
Science Perspectives: Towards Rigorous Net Digital Impacts Assessments
Creators: name: Bieser, Jan
Publisher: name: Schneider Electric
Year: 2024

description: Foreword for the report on AI-Powered HVAC in Educational Buildings: A Net Digital Impact Use Case AI-powered HVAC systems revolutionize energy efficiency and decarbonization in buildings. Our study, based on real-world data from 87 educational properties, demonstrates significant energy savings and carbon emission reductions. Discover how this innovative technology is shaping the future of sustainable building management. This report is part of a series that intends to explore the benefits of digital technologies on selected sectors.
2+1 gravity, chaos and time machines
Creators: name: Bengtsson, Ingemar
name: Braennlund, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2+1 gravity for spacetimes with topology RxT^2 has been much studied. We add a description of how to extend these spacetimes across a Cauchy horizon into a region where the torus becomes Lorentzian. The result is a one parameter family of tori given by a geodesic in the "Teichmueller space" of Lorentzian tori. We describe this in detail. We also point out that if the modular group is regarded as part of the gauge group then these spacetimes offer a nice toy model for the dynamics of Bianchi IX models; in the region where the tori are spacelike the dynamics is described exactly by a hyperbolic billiard. On the other hand the modular group acts ergodically on the Teichmueller space of Lorentzian tori.
Pilzmyzel-gebundene Holzwerkstoffe: Charakterisierung der Materialeigenschaften und Ermittlung von Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Anwendung in der Möbelindustrie
Creators: name: Fuchs, Patrick
name: Thömen, Heiko
Publisher: name: IHD
Year: 2024

description: In dieser Studie werden Biege- sowie Scherprüfkörper aus Holz und Pilzmyzel für die Charakterisierung der mechanischen Materialeigenschaften hergestellt. Für die Messung des Pilzmyzelwachstums wurde eine Grauwertanalyse entwickelt. Die Resultate zeigen Biegefestigkeiten, welche mit expandiertem Polystyrol vergleichbar sind. Weiter konnte ein Zusammenhang des pH-Wertes der Holzart mit der Scherfestigkeit aufgezeigt werden. Ergänzend wurde ein Vergleich der Primärenergie eines Möbels aus Pilzmyzel-gebundenem Holzwerkstoff mit der eines Spanplattenmöbels durchgeführt. Durch die tieferen mechanischen Festigkeiten von Pilzmyzel-gebundenen Holzwerkstoffen muss dieses Möbel für eine vergleichbare Funktion größer dimensioniert werden und braucht deshalb mehr Primärenergie als das Spanplattenmöbel. Die Studie kommt zum Schluss, dass sich der untersuchte Werkstoff in der Möbelindustrie am ehesten als stützendes Füllmaterial oder als Designelement im Innenausbau einsetzen lässt.
Mukerji-production functions in the input-output model
Creators: name: Kreijger, R.G.
name: Kreijger, R.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: interindusty analysis
subject: Mukerji production function

description: In this paper the well-known assumption of constant technical coefficients in input-output analysis is relaxed. For each sector it is assumed that production takes place according to a Mukerji production function: x. = (Ia. 1J) 1 . where x, is the production J 1J 1J J volumeofsectorjandthex.are the production factors (among which ij are intermediate deliveries from other sectors). Profit maximization in each sector then leads to equations which express the x.. ,as :511E1c-tic= of the :x. and of prices. An adjustment mechanism lj J and time trend are added. The resulting specifications are estimated for 17 sectors using Dutch data for the period 1953-1968. The results are reported in the paper. The fit of this model is then compared with the fit of the constant-coefficients model. "Constant" here means: independent of prices and level of production, but allowing for time trends and autocorrelation. The Mukerji specification turns out to have a significantly better fit.
Entanglement String and Spin Liquid with Holographic Duality
Creators: name: Oh, Eunseok
name: Sin, Sang-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the quantum entanglement can be transmuted to a force using the holographic duality. First, we prove that there is an open string in the spectrum of the holographic fermion coupled with scalar. The string ends at two fermions and its tension vanishes in the limit of zero scalar condensation. We associate such string with a dimer and identify the scalar condensation as the degree of the dimerization. Together with divergently large entanglement entropy, the model is expected to describe the Spin Liquid. As a consistency check, we show that there is a Mott transition as the dimerization proceeds. We suggest that the string may be observed in an ARPES experiment of spin liquid or clean Dirac material as a tower of bands.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
The fourth virial coefficient of anyons
Creators: name: Kristoffersen, Anders
name: Mashkevich, Stefan
name: Myrheim, Jan
name: Olaussen, Kaare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have computed by a Monte Carlo method the fourth virial coefficient of free anyons, as a function of the statistics angle theta. It can be fitted by a four term Fourier series, in which two coefficients are fixed by the known perturbative results at the boson and fermion points. We compute partition functions by means of path integrals, which we represent diagrammatically in such a way that the connected diagrams give the cluster coefficients. This provides a general proof that all cluster and virial coefficients are finite. We give explicit polynomial approximations for all path integral contributions to all cluster coefficients, implying that only the second virial coefficient is statistics dependent, as is the case for two-dimensional exclusion statistics. The assumption leading to these approximations is that the tree diagrams dominate and factorize.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures, LaTeX2e
The physics and mathematical theory of nano-scaled ring resonators and loop antennas
Creators: name: McKinley, Arnold
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: loop antennas
ring antennas
meta-materials
solar cells
toroidal rings
Terahertz Communications
antenna models
analytical models
Drude Model

description: This thesis is based on the realisation that no analytical theory of loop antennas and rings exists that is at once applicable to the Radio Frequency (RF), Micro-wave (MW), TeraHertz (THz), Infra-red (IR), and Optical (OR) regions. Nor is there any Electrical Engineering circuit model, rigorously developed from the results of that theory, that generates results which match numerical simulations and experimental work in the literature across all of these regimes. This thesis fills that gap. Maxwell’s equations for perfectly conducting, closed circular loops are presented, and then solved, using standard RF andMWantenna theory. The governing equation is then extended to include real, lossy metals with focus on the noble metals, gold, silver and copper. The solution to the extended equation yields results for rings in the THZ, IR and OR. Next, the governing equation is extended to include a single impedance on the periphery. The solution is studied using a capacitive reactance, in particular. These results are compared to simulations of illuminated rings with a single gap, and a relationship is developed between the width of the gap and its capacitive reactance. Primary results are these: * An analytical set of mathematical functions derived from Maxwell’s equations now exist that give the current distribution on closed and single gapped loops at all frequency regimes from the RF through OR, constructed of any metal for which the index of refraction is known. * A detailed RLC circuit model has been derived from these functions, accurate at all frequency bands, from which the total R, L and C of the loop at any frequency or wavelength, and the R, L and C of any modal resonance, can be calculated. The model yields the functions R(w), L(w), C(w) from which radiation resistance, power loss, radiation efficiency, radar cross-section, and the quality factor (Q) of any resonance can be calculated. * The input impedance of the circuit model representing the loop can be calculated as a function of wavelength for closed loops and single gap loops. * The introduction of a single gap in the periphery of a loop will cause a very high-Q resonance in the sub-wavelength region. This is due to the zero-order mode inductance of the loop resonating with a combination of the gap capacitance and the closed loop capacitance. The Q is on the order of several thousand. * Gap width and capacitance value of the gap are closely related. However, none of the simple models suggested in the literature, such as the flat-plate capacitance model, generates the correct relationship, at least for gaps in rings.
Child growth and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Queensland Aboriginal Community
Creators: name: Bambrick, Hilary
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Australian Indigenous community
Barker hypothesis
birthweight
Cherbourg
Indigenous health
maternal health
nutrition
physical activity
programming
Queensland
risk factors
thrifty genotype
type 2 diabetes
western lifestyle

description: Globally, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is rising. The most affected populations are those that have undergone recent and rapid transition towards a Western lifestyle, characterised by energy-dense diets and physical inactivity. Two major hypotheses have attempted to explain the variation in diabetes prevalence, both between and within populations, beyond the contributions made by adult lifestyle. The thrifty genotype hypothesis proposes that some populations are genetically well adapted to surviving in a subsistence environment, and are predisposed to develop diabetes when the dietary environment changes to one that is fat and carbohydrate rich. The programming hypothesis focuses on the developmental environment, particularly on prenatal and early postnatal conditions: nutritional deprivation in utero and early postnatal life, measured by low birthweight and disrupted child growth, is proposed to alter metabolism permanently so that risk of diabetes is increased with subsequent exposure to an energy-dense diet. Both hypotheses emphasise discord between adaptation (genetic or developmental) and current environment, and both now put forward insulin resistance as a likely mechanism for predisposition.¶ Diabetes contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality among Australia’s Indigenous population. Indigenous babies are more likely to be low birthweight, and typical patterns of child growth include periods of faltering and rapid catch-up. Although there have been numerous studies in other populations, the programming hypothesis has not previously been tested in an Australian Indigenous community. The framework of the programming hypothesis is thus expanded to consider exposure of whole populations to adverse prenatal and postnatal environments, and the influence this may have on diabetes prevalence.¶ The present study took place in Cherbourg, a large Aboriginal community in southeast Queensland with a high prevalence of diabetes. Study participants were adults with diagnosed diabetes and a random sample of adults who had never been diagnosed with diabetes. Data were collected on five current risk factors for diabetes (general and central obesity, blood pressure, age and family history), in addition to fasting blood glucose levels. A lifestyle survey was also conducted. Participants’ medical records detailing weight growth from birth to five years were analysed with regard to adult diabetes risk to determine whether childhood weight and rate of weight gain were associated with subsequent diabetes. Adult lifestyle factors were also explored to determine whether variation in nutrition and physical activity was related to level of diabetes risk. ...
Additional file of Exosomes from BM-MSCs promote acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance via upregulation of S100A4
Creators: name: Lyu, Tianxin
name: Wang, Yinuo
name: Li, Ding
name: Yang, Hui
name: Qin, Bin
name: Zhang, Wenli
name: Li, Zhiyue
name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Zhang, Binglei
name: Guo, Rongqun
name: Song, Yongping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file of Exosomes from BM-MSCs promote acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance via upregulation of S100A4
Modal Analysis and Synthesis of Broadband Nearfield Beamforming Arrays
Creators: name: Abhayapala, Thushara
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1999
Subjects: nearfield beamforming, broadband beamforming, farfield, beamformer, arrays, array processing, modal analysis, microphone arrays, signal processing

description: This thesis considers the design of a beamformer which can enhance desired signals in an environment consisting of broadband nearfield and/or farfield sources. The thesis contains: a formulation of a set of analysis tools which can provide insight into the intrinsic structure of array processing problems; a methodology for nearfield beamforming; theory and design of a general broadband beamformer; and a consideration of a coherent nearfield broadband adaptive beamforming problem. To a lesser extent, the source localization problem and background noise modeling are also treated. A set of analysis tools called modal analysis techniques which can be used to a solve wider class of array signal processing problems, is first formulated. The solution to the classical wave equation is studied in detail and exploited in order to develop these techniques. Three novel methods of designing a beamformer having a desired nearfield broadband beampattern are presented.
Dynamics of Ordering of Isotropic Magnets
Creators: name: Das, Jayajit
name: Rao, Madan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of ordering of the nonconserved and conserved Heisenberg magnet. The dynamics consists of two parts - an irreversible dissipation into a heat bath and a reversible precession induced by a torque due to the local molecular field. For quenches both to T=0 and T=T_c, we show that the torque is irrelevant when the dynamics is nonconserved but relevant when the dynamics is conserved and is governed by a new nontrivial fixed point.
description: 7 pages, 5 eps figures. To appear in Physica A as a part of the proceedings of the StatPhys - Calcutta III, January 1999, Calcutta, India. Largely a combination of Phys. Rev. E, {\bf 57}, (1998),5069 and cond-mat/9903041, together with a detailed discussion on multiscaling
Two modes of HVPE growth of GaN and related macrodefects
Creators: name: Voronenkov, V. V.
name: Bochkareva, N. I.
name: Gorbunov, R. I.
name: Latyshev, P. E.
name: Lelikov, Y. S.
name: Rebane, Y. T.
name: Tsyuk, A. I.
name: Zubrilov, A. S.
name: Popp, U. W.
name: Strafela, M.
name: Strunk, H. P.
name: Shreter, Y. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GaN films with thickness up to 3 mm were grown by halide vapour phase epitaxy method. Two growth modes were observed: the high temperature (HT) mode and the low temperature (LT) mode. Films grown in HT mode had smooth surface, however the growth stress was high and caused cracking. Films grown in LT mode had rough surface with high density of V-defects (pits), however such films were crack-free. The influence of growth parameters on the pit shape and evolution was investigated. Origins of pits formation and process of pit overgrowth are discussed. Crack-free films with smooth surface and reduced density of pits were grown using combination of the LT and HT growth modes.
Additional file 3 of NCK1-AS1 promotes the progression of melanoma by accelerating cell proliferation and migration via targeting miR-526b-5p/ADAM15 axis
Creators: name: Lin, Quan
name: Jia, Yan
name: Zhang, Duo
name: Jin, Hongjuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Sequence of NCK1-AS1 FISH probe.
Lost and Found in the Fog of Trust
Creators: name: Kesim, Özgür
name: Grothoff, Christian
Publisher: name: Association for Computing Machinery
Year: 2024
Subjects: secure multiparty computation
formalization
attack

description: The Fog of Trust protocol was supposed to allow a prover Peggy and a verifier Victor to perform a secure multiparty computation to determine the number of third parties that Victor trusted and that vouched for a certain property of Peggy. We intended to use formal methods to first state and then prove the privacy properties of the protocol. Instead, the analysis lead to the discovery of two previously unknown design failures that allow an adversary to break the privacy assurances the protocol was expected to provide. This paper briefly presents the Fog of Trust protocol and the vulnerabilities, which at this point we are unable to fix.
Additional file 1 of Identification of four key prognostic genes and three potential drugs in human papillomavirus negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Tian, Guocai
name: Fu, You
name: Zhang, Dahe
name: Li, Jiang
name: Zhang, Zhiyuan
name: Yang, Xi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Survival analysis of patients stratified by the expression of hub genes in HNSCC tissues.
The Most Irrational Rational Theories
Creators: name: Benjamin, Nathan
name: Dyer, Ethan
name: Fitzpatrick, A. Liam
name: Xin, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a two-parameter family of modular invariant partition functions of two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) holographically dual to pure three-dimensional gravity in anti de Sitter space. Our two parameters control the central charge, and the representation of $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$. At large central charge, the partition function has a gap to the first nontrivial primary state of $\frac{c}{24}$. As the $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ representation dimension gets large, the partition function exhibits some of the qualitative features of an irrational CFT. This, for instance, is captured in the behavior of the spectral form factor. As part of these analyses, we find similar behavior in the minimal model spectral form factor as $c$ approaches $1$.
description: 25 pages plus appendices, 11 figures
Convection in radiatively inefficient black hole accretion flows
Creators: name: Igumenshchev, Igor V.
name: Abramowicz, Marek A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent numerical simulations of radiatively inefficient accretion flows onto compact objects have shown that convection is a general feature in such flows. Dissipation of rotational and gravitational energies in the accretion flows results in inward increase of entropy and development of efficient convective motions. Convection-dominated accretion flows (CDAFs) have a structure that is modified significantly in comparison with the canonical advection-dominated and Bondi-like accretion flows. The flows are characterized by the flattened radial density profiles, ~R^{-1/2}, and have reduced mass accretion rates. Convection transports outward a significant amount of the released binding energy of the accretion flow. We discuss basic dynamical and observational properties of ADAFs using numerical models and self-similar analytical solutions.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, invited plenary review at the 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, Austin, Texas, 2000, eds J. C. Wheeler and H. Martel
Childhood growth of singletons conceived following intracytoplasmic sperm injection: irrelevance of gonadotropin stimulation
Creators: name: Minger, Mirja A.
name: Sommer, Grit
name: Mitter, Vera
name: Purtschert, Livia A.
name: Von Wolff, Michael
name: Kohl Schwartz, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Frontiers Research Foundation
Year: 2024

description: Background: In conventional, gonadotropin stimulated, in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (c-IVF/ICSI) growth and development of multiple follicles is induced by gonadotropins, combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist. In recent studies, singletons conceived after c-IVF/ICSI cycles had lower birth weight not only than spontaneously conceived children but also children born after unstimulated natural IVF/ICSI cycles (NC-IVF/ICSI). Lower birth weight is associated with a catch-up growth within the first years of life. Following the Barker hypothesis accelerated growth has been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases later in life. The aim of the study is to assess, if children conceived with NC-IVF/ICSI have a higher birthweight and therefore do not show a catch-up growth within the first two years. Therefore, we assume that children born after NC-IVF/ICSI have a better long-term cardiometabolic risk profile. Whether the weight- and height gain is comparable to spontaneously conceived children is unknown, since to our knowledge we are the first study to investigate the longitudinal growth of children born after unstimulated natural cycle ICSI (NC-ICSI). Material and methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective cohort study (2010-2017) including children (n = 139) born after NC-ICSI or c-ICSI treatment. Growth parameters up to 24 months were collected. Standard deviation scores based on growth references were calculated. Results: The study included 98 children in the NC-ICSI and 41 children in the c-ICSI group. The median birth weight in NC-ICSI children was 3.4 kg [0.1 standard deviation score (SDS)] compared to 3.3 kg (−0.3 SDS) in c-ICSI children (p = 0.61). Median length at birth was 50 cm in both groups (NC-ICSI (−0.5 SDS), c-ICSI children (−0.8 SDS), p = 0.48). At age 24 months, median weight in NC-ICSI children was 12.2 kg (0.3 SDS) versus 12.2 kg (0.2 SDS) in c-ICSI children (p = 0.82) and median length 87.5 cm (0.1 SDS) versus 88.0 cm (0.4 SDS) (p = 0.43). Conclusion: We found no difference in growth between children conceived after stimulated and unstimulated ICSI. Growth parameters of both treatment groups did not differ from Swiss national growth references (N = 8500). One of the main limitations of our study was the small sample size (N = 139) of complete data sets over time and the high drop-out rate of 49% (68/139). Nevertheless, with the increasing number of children born after IVF/ICSI every year it is of immense importance to search for possibilities to reduce their long-term cardiometabolic risk and we want our data to contribute to this discussion.
Religious Attendance and Affiliation Patterns in Australia 1966 to 1996 The Dichotomy of Religious Identity and Practice
Creators: name: Armstrong, John Malcolm
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Religious Attendance • Religious Affiliation • Australia • Marriage • Migration

description: The period between 1966 and 1996 was a period of great change for society in Australia. Two particular aspects of that change have been highlighted in this study. It will examine the changing patterns of attendance at religious services and religious affiliation over this time period. In particular it examines the connection of attendance and belief patterns, which have changed during this period, with particular reference to Christian religious groups. By examining data from each of the Censuses in the period between 1966 and 1996 it was possible to note three fundamental changes in the patterns of religious affiliation. The first was the movement away from patterns of Christian affiliation to no religious affiliation. The second was the shift of migration patterns which drew substantially from Europe in the period prior to 1971 to a pattern with higher levels of migration from Asia and Oceania. The third saw a decline in Christian affiliation among the 15-24 age group. ¶ After analysing this affiliation data a weekly average religious attendance measure was composed to compare data from each of the social science surveys. This made it possible to examine generational trends by age and sex which resulted from changing patterns of affiliation, immigration, stability of residence and marital status Also a case study of the Canberra parishes in the Catholic Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn was undertaken to examine the particular impact that these changes had on a particular religious grouping. In studying these indicators it is believed that the change in patterns of Australian religious attendance and affiliation while influenced by life course events has also been substantially affected by issues of generational change. These changes not only produce lower levels of religious attendance but also have significant impact on aspects of society which have sustained communal life.
Partition function zeroes of a self-dual Ising model
Creators: name: Lu, Wentao T.
name: Wu, F. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Ising model on an $M\times N$ rectangular lattice with an asymmetric self-dual boundary condition, and derive a closed-form expression for its partition function. We show that zeroes of the partition function are given by the roots of a polynomial equation of degree $2M-1$, which trace out certain loci in the complex temperature plane. Particularly, it is shown that (a) real solutions of the polynomial equations always lead to zeroes on the unit circle and a segment of the negative real axis, and (b) all temperature zeroes lie on two circles in the limit of $M\to\infty$ for any $N$. Closed-form expressions of the loci as well as the density of zero distributions in the limit of $N\to\infty$ are derived for M=1 and 2. In addition, we explain the reason of, and establish the criterion for, partition function zeroes of any self-dual spin model to reside precisely on the unit circle. This elucidates a recent finding in the case of the self-dual Potts model.
description: Revtex file, 12 pages, 6 ps figs, submitted to The Physica A
Representation of signals as series of orthogonal functions
Creators: name: Aristidi, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper gives an introduction to the theory of orthogonal projection of functions or signals. Several kinds of decomposition are explored: Fourier, Fourier-Legendre, Fourier-Bessel series for 1D signals, and Spherical Harmonic series for 2D signals. We show how physical conditions and/or geometry can guide the choice of the base of functions for the decomposition. The paper is illustrated with several numerical examples.
Entropy generation for transient Casson fluid past a vertical cylinder with Bejan’s flow visualization
Creators: name: G. Janardhana Reddy
name: Bhaskerreddy Kethireddy
name: Kumar, Mahesh
name: H. P. Rani
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The present paper aims to visualize a Casson fluid flow over a vertical cylinder using entropy generation with heat and mass functions concept. The non-linear mathematical model is given by the highly time-dependent coupled equations and is solved by using finite difference method. Unsteady profiles of momentum, heat and mass transport coefficients as well as the steady-state flow variables are displayed graphically for distinct values of non-dimensional physical parameters arising in the system. The result of entropy generation parameter increases with rising values of Casson fluid parameter, and the reverse trend is noticed for Bejan number.
Inter-Band Pairing Theory of Superconductivity
Creators: name: Tahir-Kheli, Jamil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for high temperature superconductors based on the idea of Cooper pairs comprised of electrons from different bands is studied. We propose that the two bands relevant for the cuprates are comprised of Cu dx2-y2, dz2, planar O psigma, and apical O pz orbitals. Along the diagonal, kx=ky in the Brillouin zone, the two band Fermi surfaces may cross. We associate the optimal doping for the highest Tc with this point because only in the vicinity of this touching point are inter-band Cooper pairs energetically possible. Due to the lack of time reversal invariance of an inter-band Cooper pair with itself, the standard interpretation of Josephson tunneling is altered such that the detailed nature of the single particle tunneling matrix elements contributes to the supercurrent. The dx2-y2 gap observations from Josephson tunneling are shown to arise from our model with pairing due to phonons. A Hubbard model is written down for the two bands at the Fermi energy with realistic parameters for LaSrCuO. The anomalous normal state features in the nmr are calculated and qualitatively explained as due to the character of the two bands in the vicinity of the crossing point. The Hall effect is calculated using standard Bloch-Boltzmann transport theory. The observed strong temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient is reproduced and is due to the strong reshaping of the current carrying band Fermi surface due to band repulsion with the other band for dopings very close to the Fermi surface touching point. Reasonable quantitative agreement is also obtained for the nmr and Hall effect. A linear resistivity at optimal doping is expected due to the proximity of the second band in k space which can strongly relax the current and the "smallness" of the current carrying Fermi surface.
description: TeX (28 pages) plus PostScript figures file (2 pages)
Playing at Reality: Exploring the potential of the digital game as a medium for science communication
Creators: name: Aitkin, Alexander Lewis
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Digital games
science communication
simulations
educational games
computational science
interactivity

description: Scientific culture is not popular because the essential nature of science – the models and practises that make it up – cannot be communicated via conventional media in a manner that is interesting to the average person. These models and practises might be communicated in an interesting manner using the new medium of the digital game, yet very few digital games based upon scientific simulations have been created and thus the potential of such games to facilitate scientific knowledge construction cannot be studied directly. Scientific simulations have, however, been much used by scientists to facilitate their own knowledge construction, and equally, both simulations and games have been used by science educators to facilitate knowledge construction on the part of their students. The large academic literatures relating to these simulations and games collectively demonstrate that their ability to: re-create reality; model complex systems; be visual and interactive; engage the user in the practise of science; and to engage the user in construction and collaboration, makes them powerful tools for facilitating scientific knowledge construction. Moreover, the large non-academic literature discussing the nature of digital games (which are themselves both simulations and games) demonstrates that their ability to perform the above tasks (i.e. to re-create reality, model complex systems, and so forth) is what makes them enjoyable to play.¶Because the features of scientific and educational simulations and games that facilitate knowledge construction are the very same features that make digital games enjoyable to play, the player of a scientific-simulation-based digital game would be simultaneously gaining enjoyment and acquiring scientific knowledge. If science were widely communicated using digital games, therefore, then it would be possible for there to be a popular scientific culture.
Dose-response effects of starch in sterilised and unsterilised chicken excreta on Musca domestica larval growth and bioconversion efficiency
Creators: name: Pisa, L.W.
name: Oonincx, D.G.A.B.
name: Bosch, G.
name: Hendriks, W.H.
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 309999
subject: Other agricultural, veterinary and food sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Housefly (Musca domestica L.) larvae can convert animal manure into valuable protein and fat but little is known about their nutritional requirements. We assessed the effects of differential starch content in unsterilised (UE) and heat sterilised (SE) chicken excreta on larval performance and bioconversion. Gelatinized corn starch was added to excreta resulting in 11 diets with 0 to 50% starch of dry mass. Individual larval mass increased from (mean ± SD) 12 ± 0.2 (UE) and 13 ± 0.4 (SE) mg at 0% starch up to 18 ± 0.4 (UE) and 18 ± 0.5 (SE) mg at 15% starch and decreased to 5 ± 0.4 (UE and SE) mg in 50% starch. Higher starch concentrations resulted in non-normal distributions of individual larva mass. Larval wet yield showed a curvilinear relation with starch content, with maxima of 39 ± 2.3 g in UE at 10% starch, and 43 ± 2.8 g in SE at 15% starch. The decrease in yield after the maxima was faster in UE compared to SE. Larval survival was highest in 0% starch, 80 ± 8% (UE) and 72 ± 13 % (SE), linearly decreasing to 14 ± 7% (UE) and 18 ± 3% (SE) in 50% starch. Dry matter bioconversion increased from 4 ± 0.1% (UE) and 4 ± 0.3% (SE) in 0% starch to 6 ± 0.2 in UE with 10% starch and 7 ± 0.3 in SE with 15% starch, decreasing to close to 0 in 50% starch. Highest nitrogen bioconversion was 15 ± 0.5% in UE with 10% starch and 15 ± 0.5% in SE with 15% starch. Optimal starch inclusions increased nitrogen bioconversion with 40% (UE) and 100% (SE) compared to pure excreta. Finally, around 20 to 25% starch uric acid and ammonia contents, pH, and diet residue C/N decreased, indicating a tipping point. In conclusion, adding starch to chicken excreta can substantially increase larval yield and bioconversion while reducing ammonia content in the substrate residue. Sterilisation combined with ≥15% starch addition improved yield and bioconversion.
Microwave Tomography with phaseless data on the calcaneus by means of artificial neural networks
Creators: name: Fajardo, Jesús E.
name: Lotto, Federico P.
name: Vericat, Fernando
name: Carlevaro, C. Manuel
name: Irastorza, Ramiro M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this study is to use a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for phaseless imaging the human heel (modeled as a bilayer dielectric media: bone and surrounding tissue) and the calcaneus cross-section size and location using a two dimensional (2D) microwave tomographic array. Computer simulations were performed over 2D dielectric maps inspired by Computed Tomography (CT) images of human heels for training and testing the MLP. A morphometric analysis was performed to account for the scatterer shape influence on the results. A robustness analysis was also conducted in order to study the MLP performance in noisy conditions. The standard deviations of the relative percentage errors on estimating the dielectric properties of the calcaneus bone were relatively high. Regarding the calcaneus surrounding tissue, the dielectric parameters estimations are better, with relative percentage error standard deviations up to $\approx$ 15 %. The location and size of the calcaneus are always properly estimated with absolute error standard deviations up to $\approx $ 3 mm.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Renormalized Field Theory of Infinitely Driven Lattice Gases
Creators: name: Santos, F. de los
name: Munoz, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use field theoretic renormalization group methods to study the critical behavior of a recently proposed Langevin equation for driven lattice gases under infinitely fast drive. We perform an expansion around the upper critical dimension, d_c=4, and obtain the critical exponents to one loop order. The main features of the two loop calculation are then outlined. The renormalized theory is shown to exhibit a behavior different from the standard field theory for the DLG, i.e. it is not mean field like.
description: Submitted to J. Phys. A
Circulating fatty acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake: data from the lifelines biobank and cohort study
Creators: name: Pranger, Ilse G.
name: Corpeleijn, Eva
name: Muskiet, Frits A. J.
name: Kema, Ido P.
name: Singh-Povel, Cécile
name: Bakker, Stephan J. L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Background: C14:0, C15:0, C17:0 and trans-C16:1(n-7) are often used as biomarkers for dairy fat intake. Trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA, two fatty acids which are also present in dairy, have hardly been explored. We investigated whether trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA can enrich the existing biomarker portfolio. Methods: Data were obtained from Lifelines (n = 769). Dairy fat intake was determined by FFQ. Fatty acids were measured in fasting plasma triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL) and cholesterol esters (CE). Results: Median (25th–75th percentile) intakes of dairy and dairy fat were 322(209–447) and 12.3(8.4–17.4) g/d respectively. A pilot study showed that trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA were only detectable in TG and PL. Of the established markers, TG C15:0 was most strongly associated with dairy fat intake (standardized β (std.β) = 0.286, R2 = 0.111). Of the less established markers, TG trans-C18:1(n-7) was most strongly associated with dairy fat intake (Std.β = 0.292, R2 = 0.115), followed by PL CLA (Std.β = 0.272, R2 = 0.103) and PL trans-C18:1(n-7) (Std.β = 0.269, R2 = 0.099). In TG, a combination of C15:0 and trans-C18:1(n-7) performed best (R2 = 0.128). In PL, a combination of C14:0, C15:0, trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA performed best (R2 = 0.143). Conclusion: Trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA can be used as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. Additionally, combining established with less established markers allowed even stronger predictions for dairy fat intake.
Stellar Accelerations and the Galactic Gravitational Field
Creators: name: Silverwood, Hamish
name: Easther, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Typical stars in the Milky Way galaxy have velocities of hundreds of kilometres per second and experience gravitational accelerations of $\sim 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$, resulting in velocity changes of a few centimetres per second over a decade. Measurements of these accelerations would permit direct tests of the applicability of Newtonian dynamics on kiloparsec length scales and could reveal significant small scale inhomogeneities within the galaxy, as well increasing the sensitivity of measurements of the overall mass distribution of the galaxy. Noting that a reasonable extrapolation of progress in exoplanet hunting spectrographs suggests that centimetre per second level precision will be attainable in the coming decade(s), we explore the possibilities such measurements would create. We consider possible confounding effects, including apparent accelerations induced by stellar motion and reflex velocities from planetary systems, along with possible strategies for their mitigation. If these issues can be satisfactorily addressed it will be possible to use high precision measurements of changing stellar velocities to perform a "blind search" for dark matter, make direct tests of theories of non-Newtonian gravitational dynamics, detect local inhomogeneities in the dark matter density, and greatly improve measurements of the overall properties of the galaxy.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PASA