cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Perceived barriers to opportunity and their relation to substance use among Latino immigrant men
Creators: name: Eng, Eugenia
name: Perreira, Krista M.
name: Ornelas, India J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Theory and empirical evidence suggest that perceived barriers to opportunity, such as discrimination, can lead to the adoption of unhealthy behaviors. The study assessed the relationship between perceived racial/ethnic, language and legal status barriers to opportunity and substance use among Latino immigrant men in North Carolina. Logistic regression was used to test for the association between perceived barriers and odds of binge drinking in the past 30 days and cigarette smoking. In both crude and adjusted models, perceived language barriers (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.78 – 5.25) and legal status barriers (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.26 – 4.01) were associated with increased odds of having engaged in binge drinking. Perceived barriers to opportunity were not significantly associated with cigarette smoking. Further research is needed to better understand the effect of language and legal status barriers on health among Latino immigrants.
Recent progresses on QCD phases in a strong magnetic field -- views from Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Cao, Gaoqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review, we summarize recent progress on the possible phases of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the presence of a strong magnetic field, mainly from the views of the chiral effective Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. Four kinds of phase transitions are explored in detail: chiral symmetry breaking and restoration, neutral pseudoscalar superfluidity, charged pion superfluidity and charged rho superconductivity. In particular, we revisit the unsolved problems of inverse magnetic catalysis effect and competition between the chiral density wave and solitonic modulation phases. It is shown that useful results can be obtained by adopting self-consistent schemes.
Local multiscale model reduction using discontinuous Galerkin coupling for elasticity problems
Creators: name: Wang, Zhongqian
name: Fu, Shubin
name: Chung, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the constrained energy minimizing generalized multiscale finite element method (CEM-GMsFEM) with discontinuous Galerkin (DG) coupling for the linear elasticity equations in highly heterogeneous and high contrast media. We will introduce the construction of a DG version of the CEM-GMsFEM, such as auxiliary basis functions and offline basis functions. The DG version of the method offers some advantages such as flexibility in coarse grid construction and sparsity of resulting discrete systems. Moreover, to our best knowledge, this is the first time where the proof of the convergence of the CEM-GMsFEM in the DG form is given. Some numerical examples will be presented to illustrate the performance of the method.
Therapeutic mechanisms of a mindfulness-based treatment for IBS: effects on visceral sensitivity, catastrophizing, and affective processing of pain sensations
Creators: name: Douglas Mann, J.
name: Faurot, Keturah
name: Palsson, Olafur
name: Gaylord, Susan A.
name: Garland, Eric L.
name: Whitehead, William E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain and hypervigilance to gastrointestinal sensations. We hypothesized that mindfulness training (MT), which promotes nonreactive awareness of emotional and sensory experience, may target underlying mechanisms of IBS including affective pain processing and catastrophic appraisals of gastrointestinal sensations. Seventy five female IBS patients were randomly assigned to participate in either 8 weeks of MT or a social support group. A theoretically grounded, multivariate path model tested therapeutic mediators of the effect of MT on IBS severity and quality of life. Results suggest that MT exerts significant therapeutic effects on IBS symptoms by promoting nonreactivity to gut-focused anxiety and catastrophic appraisals of the significance of abdominal sensations coupled with a refocusing of attention onto interoceptive data with less emotional interference. Hence, MT appears to target and ameliorate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of IBS.
Characterization of $H$-Brownian Gibbsian line ensembles
Creators: name: Dimitrov, Evgeni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60J65

description: In this paper we show that an $H$-Brownian Gibbsian line ensemble is completely characterized by the finite-dimensional marginals of its lowest indexed curve for a large class of interaction Hamiltonians $H$. A particular consequence of our result is that the KPZ line ensemble is the unique line ensemble that satisfies the $H_1$-Brownian Gibbs property with $H_1(x) = e^x$ and whose lowest indexed curve is equal to the Hopf-Cole solution to the narrow wedge KPZ equation.
description: 47 pages, 6 figures. Fixed some typos in the previous version of the paper. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.00684
Attentional bias for prescription opioid cues among opioid dependent chronic pain patients
Creators: name: Froeliger, Brett E.
name: Passik, Steven D.
name: Garland, Eric L.
name: Howard, Matthew O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Recurrent use of prescription opioid analgesics by chronic pain patients may result in opioid dependence, which involves implicit neurocognitive operations that organize and impel craving states and compulsive drug taking behavior. Prior studies have identified an attentional bias (AB) towards heroin among heroin dependent individuals. The aim of this study was to determine whether opioid-dependent chronic pain patients exhibit an AB towards prescription opioidrelated cues. Opioid-dependent chronic pain patients (n = 32) and a comparison group of non-dependent opioid users with chronic pain (n = 33) completed a dot probe task designed to measure opioid AB. Participants also rated their opioid craving and self-reported arousal associated with opioid-related and neutral images, pain severity, and relief from pain treatments. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant group (opioid-dependent vs. non-dependent opioid user) × presentation duration (200 ms. vs. 2000 ms.) interaction, such that opioid-dependent individuals evidenced a significant AB towards opioid cues presented for 200 ms but not for cues presented for 2000 ms, whereas non-dependent opioid users did not exhibit a significant mean AB at either stimulus duration. Among opioid-dependent individuals, 200 ms opioid AB was significantly associated with opioid craving, while among non-dependent opioid users, 200 ms opioid AB was significantly associated with relief from pain treatments. Furthermore, dependent and non-dependent opioid users experienced opioid cues as significantly more arousing than neutral cues. Opioid dependence among chronic pain patients appears to involve an automatic AB towards opioid-related cues. When coupled with chronic pain, attentional fixation on opioid cues may promote compulsive drug use and addictive behavior.
title:  Nauka administracji – między prawem a polityką
Creators: name: Jeżewski, Jan
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2020

description: Artykuł jest poświęcony zagadnieniom współrealizacji zadań państwa z zakresu administracji publicznej i polityki. Ukazane zostały podstawy teoretyczne obu tych dziedzin oraz dążenia do ich separacji. Wskazano różnice w tradycji badań europejskich i amerykańskich.
Islamism, Political Islam and Extremism under Secular-Liberal Conditions. An analysis of European discourses on religious violence
Creators: name: Al Nassre, Iman
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: European discourses are long overdue for an anti-racist critical analysis of Islamist extremism. To date, public debates on Islamist extremism are impeded by racist biases, significantly delaying the achievement of a critical understanding of the phenomenon. Moreover, state-funded attempts at researching and preventing religious extremism more often than not use the frame of security politics, prioritizing questions of administration and surveillance over knowledge-oriented research. The discourse on Islamist extremism is as much a discourse on the phenomenon as it is a discourse on the terminology used to describe it. Any attempt at a critical analysis of Islamism needs to account for the terminological implications and consider the conditions they emerged in. This includes a critical consideration of the category extremism as such. A deliberate incorporation of the process and strategic function of producing terms like extremism, Islamism and Political Islam is therefore essential for the objective of a social critique of religious violence. This thesis follows this objective by asking: How does liberal democracy produce the categories of extremism, Islamism and Political Islam? Which strategic function do they serve? How do liberal-secular conditions in particular impact knowledge production on Islam and Islamism?
Spectroscopic Evidence for the Superconductivity of Elemental Metal Y under Pressure
Creators: name: Cao, Zi-Yu
name: Jang, Harim
name: Choi, Seokmin
name: Kim, Jihyun
name: Kim, Suyoung
name: Zhang, Jian-Bo
name: Sharbirin, Anir S.
name: Kim, Jeongyong
name: Park, Tuson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very high applied pressure induces superconductivity with the transition temperature ($T_c$) exceeding 19 K in elemental yttrium, but relatively little is known about the nature of that superconductivity. From point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) measurements in a diamond anvil cell (DAC), a strong enhancement in the differential conductance is revealed near the zero-biased voltage owing to Andreev reflection, a hallmark of the superconducting (SC) phase. Analysis of the PCS spectra based on the extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) model indicates two SC gaps at 48.6 GPa, where the large gap $Δ_L$ is 3.63 meV and the small gap $Δ_S$ is 0.46 meV. When scaled against a reduced temperature, both small and large SC gaps collapse on a single curve that follows the prediction from BCS theory. The SC gap-to-$T_c$ ratio is 8.2 for the larger gap, and the initial slope of the upper critical field is -1.9 T/K, indicating that Y belongs to a family of strongly coupled BCS superconductors. The successful application of PCS to Y in DAC environments demonstrates its utility for future research on other pressure-induced high-$T_c$ superconductors.
description: 4 figures
Identification of AL proteins from 10 λ-AL amyloidosis patients by mass spectrometry extracted from abdominal fat and heart tissue
Creators: name: Baur, Julian
name: Berghaus, Natalie
name: Schreiner, Sarah
name: Hegenbart, Ute
name: Schönland, Stefan O.
name: Wiese, Sebastian
name: Huhn, Stefanie
name: Haupt, Christian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Systemic AL amyloidosis arises from the misfolding of patient-specific immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). Potential drivers of LC amyloid formation are mutational changes and post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, little information is available on the exact primary structure of the AL proteins and their precursor LCs. We analyse the exact primary structure of AL proteins extracted from 10 λ AL amyloidosis patients and their corresponding precursor LCs. By cDNA sequencing of the precursor LC genes in combination with mass spectrometry of the AL proteins, the exact primary structure and PTMs were determined. This information was used to analyse their biochemical properties. All AL proteins comprise the VL and a small part of the CL with a common C-terminal truncation region. While all AL proteins retain the conserved native disulphide bond of the VL, we found no evidence for presence of other common PTMs. The analysis of the biochemical properties revealed that the isoelectric point of the VL is significantly increased due to introduced mutations. Our data imply that mutational changes influence the surface charge properties of the VL and that common proteolytic processes are involved in the generation of the cleavage sites of AL proteins.
ADMX-Orpheus First Search for 70 $μ$eV Dark Photon Dark Matter: Detailed Design, Operations, and Analysis
Creators: name: Cervantes, R.
name: Carosi, G.
name: Hanretty, C.
name: Kimes, S.
name: LaRoque, B. H.
name: Leum, G.
name: Mohapatra, P.
name: Oblath, N. S.
name: Ottens, R.
name: Park, Y.
name: Rybka, G.
name: Sinnis, J.
name: Yang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter makes up 85% of the matter in the universe and 27% of its energy density, but we do not know what comprises dark matter. It is possible that dark matter may be composed of either axions or dark photons, both of which can be detected using an ultra-sensitive microwave cavity known as a haloscope. The haloscope employed by ADMX consists of a cylindrical cavity operating at the TM$_{010}$ mode and is sensitive to the QCD axion with masses of few $μ$eV. However, this haloscope design becomes challenging to implement for higher masses. This is because higher masses require smaller-diameter cavities, consequently reducing the detection volume which diminishes the detected signal power. ADMX-Orpheus mitigates this issue by operating a tunable, dielectrically-loaded cavity at a higher-order mode, allowing the detection volume to remain large. This paper describes the design, operation, analysis, and results of the inaugural ADMX-Orpheus dark photon search between 65.5 $μ$eV (15.8 GHz) and 69.3 $μ$eV (16.8 GHz), as well as future directions for axion searches and for exploring more parameter space.
description: 21 pages, 29 figures. To be submitted to Physical Review D. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2112.04542
Self-medication among traumatized youth: structural equation modeling of pathways between trauma history, substance misuse, and psychological distress
Creators: name: Howard, Matthew O.
name: Pettus-Davis, Carrie
name: Garland, Eric L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In an effort to self-medicate psychological distress stemming from exposure to traumatic life events, at-risk youth may be likely to seek intoxication via substance use. Concomitantly, self-medication with psychoactive substances is theorized to confer risk of developing future psychiatric and substance use disorders. The present study employed structural equation modeling to examine self-medication among a sample of 723 youth in residential treatment for antisocial behavior via recursive and non-recursive relationships between trauma history, substance misuse, and psychological distress. Results supported study hypotheses that: (a) the effects of trauma history on psychological distress are partially mediated by substance misuse, and (b) exposure to traumatic life events drives a feedback loop between substance misuse and psychological distress. Findings from this large-scale survey of adolescents exhibiting behavioral dysfunction suggest that identification of self-medication processes among traumatized youth may be crucial for developing targeted prevention and treatment initiatives.
Looking for Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in the latest long baseline accelerator neutrino oscillation data
Creators: name: Rahaman, Ushak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have analysed the latest data from NO$ν$A and T2K with the Lorentz invariance violation along with the standard oscillation hypothesis. We have found that the NO$ν$A data cannot distinguish between the two hypotheses at $1\, σ$ confidence level. T2K data and the combined data analysis excluded standard oscillation at $1\, σ$. All three cases do not have any hierarchy sensitivity when analysed with LIV. There is a mild tension between the two experiments, when analysed with LIV, as $θ_{23}$ at \nova best-fit is at higher octant but the same for T2K is at lower octant. NO$ν$A has a new degeneracy over $\sin^2 θ_{23}$ value, when analysed with LIV.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, Accepted in EPJC
Controlled reattachment in separated flows: a variational approach to recirculation length reduction
Creators: name: Boujo, E.
name: Gallaire, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variational technique is used to derive analytical expressions for the sensitivity of recirculation length to steady forcing in separated flows. Linear sensitivity analysis is applied to the two-dimensional steady flow past a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers $40 \leq Re \leq 120$, both in the subcritical and supercritical regimes. Regions which are the most sensitive to volume forcing and wall blowing/suction are identified. Control configurations which reduce the recirculation length are designed based on the sensitivity information, in particular small cylinders used as control devices in the wake of the main cylinder, and fluid suction at the cylinder wall. Validation against full non-linear Navier-Stokes calculations shows excellent agreement for small-amplitude control. The linear stability properties of the controlled flow are systematically investigated. At moderate Reynolds numbers, we observe that regions where control reduces the recirculation length correspond to regions where it has a stabilising effect on the most unstable global mode associated to vortex shedding, while this property does not hold any more at larger Reynolds numbers.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Understanding how breast cancer patients use risk information from genomic tests
Creators: name: Carey, Lisa A.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: DeFrank, Jessica T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We sought to examine how patients’ treatment decisions incorporate potentially conflicting information from standard clinical indicators (e.g., tumor size) and genomic tests for breast cancer recurrence risk.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USAGE OF MINERAL, ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH STABILIZERS TO COTTON
Creators: name: Ismaylova, Gulnaz
name: Ismaylov, U.E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The use of mineral and organic fertilizers and growth stabilizers is essential for cotton production in Uzbekistan. However, there are challenges in their effective usage, including the lack of knowledge among farmers about proper usage and dosage, and limited availability and affordability of inputs in some regions. To address these challenges, the government has implemented programs such as training for farmers, subsidies for input purchase, and establishment of demonstration plots. Research is also being conducted to develop new and improved inputs that are more effective and environmentally friendly. Overall, the successful usage of these inputs is crucial for sustainable cotton production in Uzbekistan.
Numerical study of non-adiabatic quantum thermodynamics of the driven resonant level model: Non-equilibrium entropy production and higher order corrections
Creators: name: Tong, Kaiyi
name: Dou, Wenjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our numerical study on quantum thermodynamics of the resonant level model subjected to non-equilibrium condition as well as external driving. Following our previous work on non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics (Phys. Rev. B 101, 184304 [2020]), we expand the density operator into a series of power in the driving speed, where we can determine the non-adiabatic thermodynamic quantities. Particularly, we calculate the non-equilibrium entropy production rate as well as higher order non-adiabatic corrections to the energy and/or population. In the limit of weak system-bath coupling, our results reduce to the one from the quantum master equation.
A multi-component SIMP model with $U(1)_X \rightarrow Z_2 \times Z_3$
Creators: name: Choi, Soo-Min
name: Kim, Jinsu
name: Ko, Pyungwon
name: Li, Jinmian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-component dark matter scenarios are studied in the model with $U(1)_X$ dark gauge symmetry that is broken into its product subgroup $Z_2 \times Z_3$ á la Krauss-Wilczek mechanism. In this setup, there exist two types of dark matter fields, $X$ and $Y$, distinguished by different $Z_2 \times Z_3$ charges. The real and imaginary parts of the $Z_2$-charged field, $X_R$ and $X_I$, get different masses from the $U(1)_X$ symmetry breaking. The field $Y$, which is another dark matter candidate due to the unbroken $Z_3$ symmetry, belongs to the Strongly Interacting Massive Particle (SIMP)-type dark matter. Both $X_I$ and $X_R$ may contribute to $Y$'s $3\rightarrow 2$ annihilation processes, opening a new class of SIMP models with a local dark gauge symmetry. Depending on the mass difference between $X_I$ and $X_R$, we have either two-component or three-component dark matter scenarios. In particular two- or three-component SIMP scenarios can be realised not only for small mass difference between $X$ and $Y$, but also for large mass hierarchy between them, which is a new and unique feature of the present model. We consider both theoretical and experimental constraints, and present four case studies of the multi-component dark matter scenarios.
description: v1: 25 pages; v2: 27 pages, references updated, analysis improved; v3: 31 pages, version accepted for publication in JHEP
Twisted bilayer U(1) Dirac spin liquids
Creators: name: Luo, Zhu-Xi
name: Seifert, Urban F. P.
name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When two layers of two-dimensional materials are assembled with a relative twist, moiré patterns arise, inducing a tremendous wealth of exotic phenomena. In this work, we consider twisting two triangular lattices hosting Dirac quantum spin liquids. A single decoupled layer is described by compact quantum electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions (QED$_3$) with an emergent $\mathrm{U}(1)$ gauge field, which is assumed to flow to a strongly interacting fixed point in the IR with conformal symmetry. We use recent results for the quantum numbers of monopole operators, which tunnel $2 π$ fluxes of the compact gauge field. It is found that, in the bilayer system, interlayer monopole tunneling is a symmetry-allowed relevant perturbation which induces an (ordering) instability. We show using perturbation theory that upon twisting the two layers the system remains unstable under the interlayer interaction, but any finite twist angle softens this instability compared to the untwisted case. To analyse the resulting phase induced by the (twisted) interlayer tunneling, we use "conformal mean field theory", which reduces the interacting bilayer system to two copies of QED$_3$ coupled to background fields which are to be determined self-consistently. In the weak-coupling regime, where the interlayer coupling is weak compared to the energy scale set by the moiré lattice constant, we solve the self-consistency equations perturbatively. In the limit of strongly coupled layers, a local scaling approximation is used, and we find that the magnetically ordered state exhibits a lattice of magnetic vortices, with the lattice constant tunable through the twisting angle.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures; v2 (added new Section IV on conformal perturbation theory, and several additional remarks)
Influence of small scale heterogeneity on CO2 trapping processes in deep saline aquifers
Creators: name: Gershenzon, Naum I.
name: Soltanian, Mohamad Reza
name: Ritzi, Robert W.
name: Dominic, David F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical mechanism of CO2 trapping in porous media by capillary trapping (pore scale) incorporates a number of related processes, i.e. residual trapping, trapping due to hysteresis of the relative permeability, and trapping due to hysteresis of the capillary pressure. Additionally CO2 may be trapped in heterogeneous media due to difference in capillary pressure entry points for different materials (facies scale). The amount of CO2 trapped by these processes depends upon a complex system of non-linear and hysteretic relationships including how relative permeability and capillary pressure vary with brine and CO2 saturation, and upon the spatial variation in these relationships as caused by geologic heterogeneity. Geological heterogeneities affect the dynamics of CO2 plumes in subsurface environments. Recent studies have led to new conceptual and quantitative models for sedimentary architecture in fluvial deposits over a range of scales that are relevant to the performance of some deep saline reservoirs. We investigated how the dynamics of a CO2 plume, during and after injection, is influenced by the hierarchical and multi-scale stratal architecture in such reservoirs. The results strongly suggest that representing small scales features (decimeter to meter), including their organization within a hierarchy of larger-scale features, is critical to understanding trapping processes.
description: 28 pages,7 figures
Non-unitary TQFTs from 3D $\mathcal{N}=4$ rank 0 SCFTs
Creators: name: Gang, Dongmin
name: Kim, Sungjoon
name: Lee, Kimyeong
name: Shim, Myungbo
name: Yamazaki, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a novel procedure of assigning a pair of non-unitary topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), TFT$_\pm [\mathcal{T}_{\rm rank \;0}]$, to a (2+1)D interacting $\mathcal{N}=4$ superconformal field theory (SCFT) $\mathcal{T}_{\rm rank \;0}$ of rank 0, i.e. having no Coulomb and Higgs branches. The topological theories arise from particular degenerate limits of the SCFT. Modular data of the non-unitary TQFTs are extracted from the supersymmetric partition functions in the degenerate limits. As a non-trivial dictionary, we propose that $F = \max_α\left(- \log |S^{(+)}_{0α}| \right) = \max_α\left(- \log |S^{(-)}_{0α}|\right)$, where $F$ is the round three-sphere free energy of $\mathcal{T}_{\rm rank \;0 }$ and $S^{(\pm)}_{0α}$ is the first column in the modular S-matrix of TFT$_\pm$. From the dictionary, we derive the lower bound on $F$, $F \geq -\log \left(\sqrt{\frac{5-\sqrt{5}}{10}} \right) \simeq 0.642965$, which holds for any rank 0 SCFT. The bound is saturated by the minimal $\mathcal{N}=4$ SCFT proposed by Gang-Yamazaki, whose associated topological theories are both the Lee-Yang TQFT. We explicitly work out the (rank 0 SCFT)/(non-unitary TQFTs) correspondence for infinitely many examples.
description: 60 pages, v2: minor corrections, references added, v3: some corrections in the discussion section
Herschel/PACS photometry of transiting-planet host stars with candidate warm debris disks
Creators: name: Merín, Bruno
name: Ardila, David R.
name: Ribas, Álvaro
name: Bouy, Hervé
name: Bryden, Geoffrey
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl
name: Padgett, Deborah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust in debris disks is produced by colliding or evaporating planetesimals, remnants of the planet formation process. Warm dust disks, known by their emission at < 24 micron, are rare (4% of FGK main sequence stars) and especially interesting because they trace material in the region likely to host terrestrial planets, where the dust has a very short dynamical lifetime. Statistical analyses of the source counts of excesses as found with the mid-IR Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) suggest that warm-dust candidates found for the Kepler transiting-planet host-star candidates can be explained by extragalactic or galactic background emission aligned by chance with the target stars. These statistical analyses do not exclude the possibility that a given WISE excess could be due to a transient dust population associated with the target. Here we report Herschel/PACS 100 and 160 micron follow-up observations of a sample of Kepler and non-Kepler transiting-planet candidates' host stars, with candidate WISE warm debris disks, aimed at detecting a possible cold debris disk in any of them. No clear detections were found in any one of the objects at either wavelength. Our upper limits confirm that most objects in the sample do not have a massive debris disk like that in beta Pic. We also show that the planet-hosting star WASP-33 does not have a debris disk comparable to the one around eta Crv. Although the data cannot be used to rule out rare warm disks around the Kepler planet-hosting candidates, the lack of detections and the characteristics of neighboring emission found at far-IR wavelengths support an earlier result suggesting that most of the WISE-selected IR excesses around Kepler candidate host stars are likely due to either chance alignment with background IR-bright galaxies and/or to interstellar emission.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication at Astronomy & Astrophysics on 4 August 2014
Gravitational Faraday rotation of gravitational waves by a Kerr black hole
Creators: name: Li, Zhao
name: Qiao, Jin
name: Zhao, Wen
name: Er, Xinzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational Faraday Rotation (GFR) is a frame-dragging effect induced by rotating massive objects, which is one of the important, yet studied characteristics of lensed gravitational waves (GWs). In this work, we calculate the GFR angle $χ_g$ of GWs in the weak deflection limit, assuming it is lensed by a Kerr black hole (BH). We find that the GFR effect changes the initial polarization state of the lensed GW. Compared with the Einstein deflection angle, the dominant term of the rotation angle $χ_g$ is a second-order correction to the polarization angle, which depends on the light-of-sight component of BH angular momentum. Such a rotation is tiny and degenerates with the initial polarization angle. In some critical cases, the GFR angle is close to the detection capability of the third-generation GW detector network, although the degeneracy has to be broken.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, accepted by JCAP
Optimal Cooling of Multiple Levitated Particles through Far-Field Wavefront-Shaping
Creators: name: Hüpfl, Jakob
name: Bachelard, Nicolas
name: Kaczvinszki, Markus
name: Horodynski, Michael
name: Kühmayer, Matthias
name: Rotter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light forces can be harnessed to levitate mesoscopic objects and cool them down towards their motional quantum ground state. Significant roadblocks on the way to scale up levitation from a single to multiple particles in close proximity are the requirements to constantly monitor the particles' positions as well as to engineer complex light fields that react fast and appropriately to their movements. Here, we present an approach that solves both problems at once. By exploiting the information stored in a time-dependent scattering matrix, we introduce a robust formalism enabling the identification of spatially modulated wavefronts, which simultaneously cool down multiple levitated objects of arbitrary shapes. An experimental implementation is suggested based on stroboscopic scattering-matrix measurements and time-adaptive injections of modulated light fields.
description: This update includes a thermal noise analysis and an application of our far-field cooling approach to multiple trapped particles. Details of all derivations and extended numerical simulations are posted in the parallel submission arXiv:2206.01046
Theory of Jet Quenching in Ultra-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
Creators: name: Qin, Guang-You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a short overview of recent progress in the theory of jet quenching in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, including phenomenological studies of jet quenching at RHIC and the LHC, development in NLO perburbative QCD calculation of jet broadening and energy loss, full jet evolution and modification, medium response to jet transport, and lattice QCD and AdS/CFT studies of jet quenching.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of the XXIV Quark Matter conference, May 19-24 2014, Darmstadt (Germany)
Weight loss history as a predictor of weight loss: results from Phase I of the weight loss maintenance trial
Creators: name: Svetkey, Laura P.
name: Loria, Catherine M.
name: Stevens, Victor J.
name: McVay, Megan A.
name: Myers, Valerie H.
name: Funk, Kristine L.
name: Champagne, Catherine M.
name: Samuel-Hodge, Carmen D.
name: Brantley, Phillip J.
name: Gullion, Christina M.
name: Coughlin, Janelle W.
name: Jerome, Gerald J.
name: Hollis, Jack F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Past studies have suggested that weight loss history is associated with subsequent weight loss. However, questions remain whether method and amount of weight lost in previous attempts impacts current weight loss efforts. This study utilized data from the Weight Loss Maintenance Trial to examine the association between weight loss history and weight loss outcomes in a diverse sample of high-risk individuals. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine which specific aspects of weight loss history predict change in weight during a 6-month weight loss intervention. Greater weight loss was predicted by fewer previous weight loss attempts with assistance (p = 0.03), absence of previous dietary/herbal weight loss supplement use (p = 0.01), and greater maximum weight loss in previous attempts (p <0.001). Future interventions may benefit from assessment of weight loss history and tailoring of interventions based on past weight loss behaviors and outcomes.
Cluster Algebras and Scattering Diagrams, Part II. Cluster Patterns and Scattering Diagrams
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We review some important results by Gross, Hacking, Keel, and Kontsevich on cluster algebra theory, namely, the column sign-coherence of $C$-matrices and the Laurent positivity, both of which were conjectured by Fomin and Zelevinsky. We digest and reconstruct the proofs of these conjectures by Gross et al. still based on their scattering diagram method, however, without relying on toric geometry. At the same time, we also give a detailed account of the correspondence between the notions of cluster patterns and scattering diagrams. Most of the results in this text are found in or translated from the known results in the literature. However, the approach, the construction of logic and proofs, and the overall presentation are new. Also, as an application of the results and the techniques in the text, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between $g$-vectors and cluster variables in cluster patterns with arbitrary coefficients.
description: v1: 70 pp; v2: 77 pp, enhanced title, several minor changes; v3: 78 pp, title changed, several minor changes; v4:83 pp, several minor changes; v5: 89 pp. This is the final manuscript of Part II of the monograph "Cluster Algebras and Scattering Diagrams'', MSJ Mem. 41 (2023) by the author
Interplay between optomechanics and the dynamical Casimir effect
Creators: name: Ferreri, Alessandro
name: Pfeifer, Hannes
name: Wilhelm, Frank K.
name: Hofferberth, Sebastian
name: Bruschi, David Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model of a quantum field confined within a cavity with a movable wall where the position of the wall is quantized. We obtain a full description of the dynamics of both the quantum field and the confining wall depending on the initial state of the whole system. Both the reaction and back-reaction of the field on the wall, and the wall on the field, can be taken into account, as well as external driving forces on both the cavity and the wall. The model exactly reproduces the resonant cavity mode stimulation due to the periodic motion of the mirror (dynamical Casimir effect), as well as the standard radiation pressure effects on the quantized wall(optomechanics). The model also accounts for the interplay of the two scenarios. Finally, the time evolution of the radiation force shows the interplay between the static and dynamical Casimir effect.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Wormholes and black hole microstates in AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Cotler, Jordan
name: Jensen, Kristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has long been known that the coarse-grained approximation to the black hole density of states can be computed using classical Euclidean gravity. In this work we argue for another entry in the dictionary between Euclidean gravity and black hole physics, namely that Euclidean wormholes describe a coarse-grained approximation to the energy level statistics of black hole microstates. To do so we use the method of constrained instantons to obtain an integral representation of wormhole amplitudes in Einstein gravity and in full-fledged AdS/CFT. These amplitudes are non-perturbative corrections to the two-boundary problem in AdS quantum gravity. The full amplitude is likely UV sensitive, dominated by small wormholes, but we show it admits an integral transformation with a macroscopic, weakly curved saddle-point approximation. The saddle is the "double cone" geometry of Saad, Shenker, and Stanford, with fixed moduli. In the boundary description this saddle appears to dominate a smeared version of the connected two-point function of the black hole density of states, and suggests level repulsion in the microstate spectrum. Using these methods we further study Euclidean wormholes in pure Einstein gravity and in IIB supergravity on Euclidean AdS$_5\times\mathbb{S}^5$. We address the perturbative stability of these backgrounds and study brane nucleation instabilities in 10d supergravity. In particular, brane nucleation instabilities of the Euclidean wormholes are lifted by the analytic continuation required to obtain the Lorentzian spectral form factor from gravity. Our results indicate a factorization paradox in AdS/CFT.
description: 64 pages, 6 figures; v2: modified discussion of brane nucleation in wormholes with torus boundary, added references
Outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn in 3:2 or 2:1 resonance in radiative disks: implications for the Grand Tack and Nice models
Creators: name: Pierens, Arnaud
name: Raymond, Sean
name: Nesvorny, David
name: Morbidelli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Embedded in the gaseous protoplanetary disk, Jupiter and Saturn naturally become trapped in 3:2 resonance and migrate outward. This serves as the basis of the Grand Tack model. However, previous hydrodynamical simulations were restricted to isothermal disks, with moderate aspect ratio and viscosity. Here we simulate the orbital evolution of the gas giants in disks with viscous heating and radiative cooling. We find that Jupiter and Saturn migrate outward in 3:2 resonance in modest-mass ($M_{disk} \approx M_{MMSN}$, where MMSN is the "minimum-mass solar nebula") disks with viscous stress parameter $α$ between $10^{-3}$ and $10^{-2} $. In disks with relatively low-mass ($M_{disk} \lesssim M_{MMSN}$) , Jupiter and Saturn get captured in 2:1 resonance and can even migrate outward in low-viscosity disks ($α\le 10^{-4}$). Such disks have a very small aspect ratio ($h\sim 0.02-0.03$) that favors outward migration after capture in 2:1 resonance, as confirmed by isothermal runs which resulted in a similar outcome for $h \sim 0.02$ and $α\le 10^{-4}$. We also performed N-body runs of the outer Solar System starting from the results of our hydrodynamical simulations and including 2-3 ice giants. After dispersal of the gaseous disk, a Nice model instability starting with Jupiter and Saturn in 2:1 resonance results in good Solar Systems analogs. We conclude that in a cold Solar Nebula, the 2:1 resonance between Jupiter and Saturn can lead to outward migration of the system, and this may represent an alternative scenario for the evolution of the Solar System.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Psychosocial predictors of weight regain in the weight loss maintenance trial
Creators: name: Svetkey, Laura P.
name: Jerome, Gerald J.
name: Myers, Valerie H.
name: Stevens, Victor J.
name: Lien, Lillian F.
name: Gullion, Christina M.
name: Matthews-Ewald, Molly R.
name: Samuel-Hodge, Carmen
name: Hollis, Jack F.
name: Stewart, Diana W.
name: Ard, Jamy D.
name: Coughlin, Janelle W.
name: Brantley, Phillip J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This study's purpose was to identify psychosocial predictors of weight loss maintenance in a multi-site clinical trial, following a group-based weight loss program. Participants (N = 1025) were predominately women (63 %) and 38 % were Black (mean age = 55.6 years; SD = 8.7). At 12 months, higher SF-36 mental health composite scores were associated with less weight regain (p < .01). For Black participants, an interaction existed between race and friends' encouragement for exercise, where higher exercise encouragement was related to more weight regain (p < .05). At 30 months, friends' encouragement for healthy eating was associated with more weight regain (p < .05), whereas higher SF-36 mental health composite scores were related to less weight regain (p < .0001). Perceived stress and select health-related quality of life indices were associated with weight regain; this relationship varied across gender, race, and treatment conditions. Temporal changes in these variables should be investigated for their impact on weight maintenance.
Binding of serum-derived amyloid-associated proteins to amyloid fibrils
Creators: name: Misumi, Yohei
name: Tabata, Yuri
name: Tasaki, Masayoshi
name: Obayashi, Konen
name: Yamakawa, Shiori
name: Nomura, Toshiya
name: Ueda, Mitsuharu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Amyloid signature proteins such as serum amyloid P component, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and ApoA-IV generally co-localise with amyloid, regardless of the types of amyloid precursor protein or the organs. Most of these proteins derive from serum and have reportedly been involved in amyloid fibril formation and stabilisation, as well as in excretion and degradation of amyloid precursor proteins. However, the processes and mechanisms by which these specific proteins deposit together with amyloid fibrils have not been clarified. We analysed the binding of serum proteins to amyloid fibrils derived from amyloid β and insulin in vitro by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Specific serum proteins including ApoA-I, ApoE, ApoA-IV, ApoC-III and vitronectin adhered to amyloid fibrils at high concentrations in vitro. In addition, the profile of these proteins commonly occurred in both amyloid β and insulin amyloid fibrils and was mostly consistent with the composition of amyloid signature proteins. We also showed that high concentrations of serum proteins can adhere to amyloid fibrils in a short time. Our in vitro results suggest that amyloid signature proteins coexist with amyloid primarily dependent on the binding of each serum protein, in the extracellular fluid, to amyloid fibrils.
title: Reputation, Quality, Exclusivity - Peer Review in Vocational Education and Training research
title: Results of a survey
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Rödel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: peer review
Vocational Education and Training

description: Peer review is a recognized, although not uncontroversial, procedure for quality assurance of publications in science. It is particularly important in the scientific publication process.There are studies that deal with peer review itself, but there are no works that aim at peer review in Vocational Education and Training (VET) research. The article first presents the state of research and then presents the results of a survey on the subject of peer review, which was carried out in the area of German-language VET research. The aim of the survey is to obtain an initial assessment of the importance of peer review from scientists working in a discipline of VET research. Three perspectives are considered: readers of publications, authors of s publications and reviewers in peer reviews.