cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Details of the spatial structure and kinematics of the Castor and Ursa Major streams
Creators: name: Vereshchagin, S. V.
name: Chupina, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A list of the Castor stream members is compiled based on the data from various authors. The membership probabilities for some stars are revised based on the individual apex, multiplicity, observational errors, and peculiarity. The apex of the Castor moving group is determined using the apex diagram method. The parameters of the Castor and Ursa Major streams are compared and the positions of the two streams on the apex diagram are found to differ by 225deg, implying that the two groups move in almost opposite directions. Stars of both moving groups are intermixed in space, the Castor stream occupies a smaller volume than the UMa stream and is located inside it. Our results can be useful for understanding the morphology of the Galactic disk in the Sun's vicinity.
Benchmark of Open Rear Side Solar Cell With Improved Al-BSF Process at ECN
Creators: name: Cesar, I.
name: Romijn, I.
name: Borsa, D.
name: Galbiati, G.
name: Van Der Borg, N.J.C.M.
name: Bende, E.
name: Weeber, A.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1770-1775
description: In search of methods that allow processing of thinner multi-crystalline silicon solar cells (<<200μm) without bowing, an open rear side concept, the PASHA cell (Passivated on All Sides H-patterned cell), was developed in our laboratories based on an H-patterned rear metallization design combined with a industrial silicon nitride rear side passivation layer. We report on the performance of this method compared to an improved full Al- BSF reference process on thin 6 inch p-type mc-Si wafers (<210μm, 156x156 mm). Evaluating the average performance of both processes, the product of Jsc and Voc for the PASHA cell with opened silicon nitride is 20.3 mW/cm2, which is 2% lower than for the reference. When the rear side fingers of the PASHA cell are short-circuited, equal fill factors of 77% are obtained as for the reference. The maximum efficiency obtained for the short-circuited
PASHA cell and the reference is 15.8% and 16.1% respectively. The key factors that explain these results are: an improved front side passivation of the reference due to an additional PASHA clean step that precedes the SiNx
deposition; poor passivation under and high series resistance in the rear fingers of the PASHA cell; an internal rear reflection gain that does not sufficiently compensate these effects. Further, a strong bias illumination dependence of spectral response for the PASHA cell is found which is attributed to the recombination behavior of the SiNx layer on the rear side of the cell.
Red galaxies with pseudo-bulges in the SDSS: closer to disk galaxies or to classical bulges?
Creators: name: Ribeiro, B.
name: Lobo, C.
name: Antón, S.
name: Gomes, J. M.
name: Papaderos, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pseudo-bulges are expected to markedly differ from classical, quasi-monolithically forming bulges in their star formation history (SFH) and chemical abundance patterns. To test this simple expectation, we carry out a comparative structural and spectral synthesis analysis of 106 red, massive galaxies issued from the SDSS, subdivided into bulgeless, pseudo-bulge and classical bulge galaxies according to their photometric characteristics, and further obeying a specific selection to minimize uncertainties in the analysis and ensure an unbiased derivation and comparison of SFHs. Our 2D photometry analysis suggests that disks underlying pseudo-bulges typically have larger exponential scale lengths than bulgeless galaxies, despite similar integral disk luminosities. Spectral synthesis models of the stellar emission within the 3" SDSS fiber aperture reveal a clear segregation of bulgeless and pseudo-bulge galaxies from classical bulges on the luminosity-weighted planes of age-metallicity and mass-metallicity, though a large dispersion is observed within the two former classes. The secular growth of pseudo-bulges is also reflected upon their cumulative stellar mass as a function of time, which is shallower than that for classical bulges. Such results suggest that the centers of bulgeless and pseudo-bulge galaxies substantially differ from those of bulgy galaxies with respect to their SFH and chemical enrichment history, which likely points to different formation/assembly mechanisms.
description: 18 pages, 12 figure, accepted for MNRAS
Heteroepitaxy of group IV materials for future device application
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Yuji
name: Wen, Wei-Chen
name: Tillack, Bernd
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publ.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: chemical vapor deposition
subject: group IV
subject: hetroepitaxy
subject: relaxation
subject: Si
subject: SiGe
subject: strain
subject: 530

description: Heteroepitxy of group IV materials (Si, SiGe, and Ge) has great potential for boosting Si-based novel device performance because of the possibility for strain, band gap/Fermi-level engineering, and applying emerging artificial materials such as a superlattice (SL) and nanodots. In order to control group IV heteroepitaxy processes, strain, interface, and surface energies are very essential parameters. They affect dislocation formation, interface steepness, reflow of deposited layers, and also surface reaction itself during the growth. Therefore, process control and crystallinity management of SiGe heteroepitaxy are difficult especially in the case of high Ge concentrations. In this paper, we review our results of abrupt SiGe/Si interface fabrication by introducing C-delta layers and the influence of strain on the surface reaction of SiGe. Three-dimensional self-ordered SiGe and Ge nanodot fabrication by proactively using strain and surface energies by depositing SiGe/Si and Ge/SiGe SL are also reviewed.
D7.4 Platform for Artistic Intervention v2
Creators: name: Spagnuolo, Francesca
name: De Wasseige, Gwenhaël
name: Hemming, Gary
name: Marteau, Jacques
name: Rossi, Giada
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This deliverable describes the art and science initiatives that took place in the final six months of the REINFORCE project, the ongoing collaborations and the final version of the platform for artistic intervention, created on the project website to support the cross-reflection between artists and scientists in the field of fundamental physics. It is the version 2 of a previous deliverable, submitted at M30 of the project.
Solar activity during the Holocene: the Hallstatt cycle and its consequence for grand minima and maxim
Creators: name: Usoskin, I. G.
name: Gallet, Y.
name: Lopes, F.
name: Kovaltsov, G. A.
name: Hulot, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmogenic isotopes provide the only quantitative proxy for analyzing the long-term solar variability over a centennial timescale. While essential progress has been achieved in both measurements and modeling of the cosmogenic proxy, uncertainties still remain in the determination of the geomagnetic dipole moment evolution. Here we improve the reconstruction of solar activity over the past nine millennia using a multi-proxy approach. We used records of the 14C and 10Be cosmogenic isotopes, current numerical models of the isotope production and transport in Earth's atmosphere, and available geomagnetic field reconstructions, including a new reconstruction relying on an updated archeo-/paleointensity database. The obtained series were analyzed using the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method to study the millennial-scale trends. A new reconstruction of the geomagnetic dipole field moment, GMAG.9k, is built for the last nine millennia. New reconstructions of solar activity covering the last nine millennia, quantified in sunspot numbers, are presented and analyzed. A conservative list of grand minima and maxima is provided. The primary components of the reconstructed solar activity, as determined using the SSA method, are different for the series based on 14C and 10Be. These primary components can only be ascribed to long-term changes in the terrestrial system and not to the Sun. They have been removed from the reconstructed series. In contrast, the secondary SSA components of the reconstructed solar activity are found to be dominated by a common ~2400-yr quasi-periodicity, the so-called Hallstatt cycle, in both the 14C and 10Be based series. This Hallstatt cycle thus appears to be related to solar activity. Finally, we show that the grand minima and maxima occurred intermittently over the studied period, with clustering near highs and lows of the Hallstatt cycle, respectively.
description: In press in Astronomy & Astrophysics, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201527295
Faster Search of Clustered Marked States with Lackadaisical Quantum Walks
Creators: name: Saha, Amit
name: Majumdar, Ritajit
name: Saha, Debasri
name: Chakrabarti, Amlan
name: Sur-Kolay, Susmita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of discrete-time quantum walk in the presence of multiple marked states has been studied by Nahimovs and Rivosh. They introduced an exceptional configuration of clustered marked states $i.e.,$ if the marked states are arranged in a $\sqrt{k} \times \sqrt{k}$ cluster within a $\sqrt{N} \times \sqrt{N}$ grid, where $k=n^{2}$ and $n$ an odd integer. They showed that finding a single marked state among the multiple ones using quantum walk with AKR (Ambainis, Kempe and Rivosh) coin requires $Ω(\sqrt{N} - \sqrt{k})$ time. Furthermore, Nahimov and Rivosh also showed that the Grover's coin can find the same configuration of marked state both faster and with higher probability compared to that with the AKR coin. In this article, we show that using lackadaisical quantum walk, a variant of a three-state discrete-time quantum walk on a line, the success probability of finding all the clustered marked states of this exceptional configuration is nearly 1 with smaller run-time. We also show that the weights of the self-loop suggested for multiple marked states in the state-of-the-art works are not optimal for this exceptional configuration of clustered mark states. We propose a range of weights of the self-loop from which only one can give the desired result for this configuration.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
High Efficiency Silver Electroplating for Line Conduction on Crystalline Solar Cells
Creators: name: Burling, S.
name: Morel, S.
name: Robert, G.
name: Bertens, J.
name: Van Den Brekel, L.
name: Vanlaeke, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1776-1779
description: This paper presents the integrated development of silver electroplating as a back-end process for crystalline silicon solar cells metalization using a fine finger layout. Manufacturers of electroplating equipment (Meco), plating baths (Metalor) and solar cells (Photovoltech) teamed up to realize high speed silver electroplating of solar cells applying know-how and experience developed in the electronics industry. Pilot equipment allowed straightforward deposition of silver on cells front side. Wafer handling was demonstrated at a capacity of 1500 cells/h and breakage rates in line with solar industry standards. The use of low cyanide silver baths allowed for very fast deposition rates compared to cyanide-free baths, with no attack on unprotected cell back side and a low toxicity profile. The process was validated by comparative testing of 6 inch multicrystalline reference cells (fingers of 126 μm width) to fine finger (80 μm width) printed cells plated with 10 μm of silver. The plated cells showed an efficiency higher by 0.22% compared to the reference in line with PC1D modeling. Both series of cells exhibited comparable series resistance (< 3.1 mOhm) at greatly different finger cross-sections corresponding to an increase of the intrinsic metallization conductivity greater than 40% in plated fingers.
Household Disposal of Pharmaceuticals in Low-Income Settings: Practices, Health Hazards, and Research Needs
Creators: name: Gwenzi, Willis
name: Simbanegavi, Tinoziva T.
name: Rzymski, Piotr
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: disposal practices
subject: environmental hazards
subject: expired pharmaceuticals
subject: human health hazards
subject: hydrological connectivity
subject: low-income countries
subject: pharmaceutical pollution
subject: pit latrines
subject: unused pharmaceuticals
subject: 690

description: Pharmaceuticals are widely used in Africa due to the high burden of human and animal diseases. However, a review of the current practices and pollution risks arising from the disposal of pharmaceuticals in low-income settings in Africa is still lacking. Therefore, the present review examined the literature to address the following questions: (1) what are the key factors driving the accumulation of unused and expired pharmaceuticals?, (2) what are the current disposal practices for unused and expired pharmaceuticals, and wastewater (feces and urine) containing excreted pharmaceuticals?, (3) what are the potential environmental and human health hazards posed by current disposal practices?, and (4) what are the key research needs on the disposal of pharmaceuticals in low-income settings? Evidence shows that, in low-income settings, wastewater comprising predominantly of feces and urine containing excreted pharmaceuticals often end up in on-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines, septic tanks, and the environment in the case of open defecation. Unused and expired pharmaceuticals are disposed of in pit latrines, household solid waste, and/or burned. The pollution risks of current disposal practices are poorly understood, but pharmaceutical pollution of groundwater sources, including those used for drinking water supply, may occur via strong hydrological connectivity between pit latrines and groundwater systems. Potential high-risk pollution and human exposure hotspots are discussed. However, compared to other environmental compartments, the occurrence, dissemination, fate, and human health risks of pharmaceuticals in the pit latrine-groundwater continuum are still understudied. Future research directions are discussed to address these gaps using the Source-Pathway-Receptor-Impact-Mitigation (SPRIM) continuum as an organizing framework.
Deliverable 7.2: Pilots Monitoring & Evaluation Initial Progress
Creators: name: Fernando, Burgoa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Linked to T7.1, Provides the Pilots Deployment and testing plan for the CircThread project, including as outcomes: a detailed deployment plan for each of the three pilots including which services will be used when and by whom for what purposes and at what time, the management structure of each of the pilots with responsibilities with risks and contingencies and mitigation steps, and a deployment plan in terms of the planning steps, procurement needs and communications for tests to be carried out, and an overview of the testing procedures and KPIs to be provided from each tests for benchmarking. Finally, it will include the performance monitoring & evaluation framework for monitoring, feedback, evaluation and adaptation of the plan, and a description of the helpdesk that is setup during the task for debugging.
Economic Development and Inequality: a complex system analysis
Creators: name: Sbardella, Angelica
name: Pugliese, Emanuele
name: Pietronero, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: By borrowing methods from complex system analysis, in this paper we analyze the features of the complex relationship that links the development and the industrialization of a country to economic inequality. In order to do this, we identify industrialization as a combination of a monetary index, the GDP per capita, and a recently introduced measure of the complexity of an economy, the Fitness. At first we explore these relations on a global scale over the time period 1990--2008 focusing on two different dimensions of inequality: the capital share of income and a Theil measure of wage inequality. In both cases, the movement of inequality follows a pattern similar to the one theorized by Kuznets in the fifties. We then narrow down the object of study ad we concentrate on wage inequality within the United States. By employing data on wages and employment on the approximately 3100 US counties for the time interval 1990--2014, we generalize the Fitness-Complexity algorithm for counties and NAICS sectors, and we investigate wage inequality between industrial sectors within counties. At this scale, in the early nineties we recover a behavior similar to the global one. While, in more recent years, we uncover a trend reversal: wage inequality monotonically increases as industrialization levels grow. Hence at a county level, at net of the social and institutional factors that differ among countries, we not only observe an upturn in inequality but also a change in the structure of the relation between wage inequality and development.
Symmetric Finite-Time Preparation of Cluster States via Quantum Pumps
Creators: name: Tantivasadakarn, Nathanan
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been established that cluster-like states -- states that are in the same symmetry-protected topological phase as the cluster state -- provide a family of resource states that can be utilized for Measurement-Based Quantum Computation. In this work, we ask whether it is possible to prepare cluster-like states in finite time without breaking the symmetry protecting the resource state. Such a symmetry-preserving protocol would benefit from topological protection to errors in the preparation. We answer this question in the positive by providing a Hamiltonian in one higher dimension whose finite-time evolution is a unitary that acts trivially in the bulk, but pumps the desired cluster state to the boundary. Examples are given for both the 1D cluster state protected by a global symmetry, and various 2D cluster states protected by subsystem symmetries. We show that even if unwanted symmetric perturbations are present in the driving Hamiltonian, projective measurements in the bulk along with feedforward correction is sufficient to recover a cluster-like state.
description: 6+6 pages. 5+4 figures. Published version: a feedforward protocol replaces the need for postselection along with other minor improvements and references added
Understanding the Electrochemical Mechanisms of Light-Induced Plating by Means of Voltammetric Techniques
Creators: name: Radtke, V.
name: Bartsch, J.
name: Greil, S.
name: Schetter, C.
name: Bergander, R.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1785-1788
description: The requirements for the contact metal deposited on solar cells are rising as the size of solar cells grows. Particularly, the improvement of the electric properties – especially the conductivity – is attracting interest. Light-induced plating is deemed to be a sophisticated approach to deposit a highly conductive metal layer on an arbitrarily generated seed layer. Although already in industrial operation to some extent, the mechanism is not understood in detail. In addition, the aim of avoidance of cyanide containing electrolytes for silver deposition is high. We will show voltammetric techniques are an appropriate approach investigating these topics.
Küchle fivefolds of type c5
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that Küchle fivefolds of type (c5) --- subvarieties of the Grassmannian Gr(3,7) parameterizing 3-subspaces that are isotropic for a given 2-form and are annihilated by a given 4-form --- are birational to hyperplane sections of the Lagrangian Grassmannian LGr(3,6) and describe in detail these birational transformations. As an application, we show that the integral Chow motive of a Küchle fivefold of type (c5) is of Lefschetz type. We also discuss Küchle fourfolds of type (c5) --- hyperplane sections of the corresponding Küchle fivefolds --- an interesting class of Fano fourfolds, which is expected to be similar to the class of cubic fourfolds in many aspects.
description: 34 pages
Comparisons of PV Module Exposure Tests under Different Climates
Creators: name: Takashima, T.
name: Otani, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4326-4329
description: Four PV exposure tests are conducted by National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology (AIST) with foreign counterparts. The first and the second are at AIST Tsukuba, and at National Science
and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand. These two test systems are the module
exposure tests without loads. The third and fourth are at AIST Kyushu and at Solar Energy Centre (SEC), Delhi,
India. These two are the system exposure tests, which are the grid-connected system or the stand-alone system with
MPPT control with loads. With these exposure tests under different climate conditions, we make the performance
comparisons. As it is only a few years since we started the exposure tests, there is no degradations by now.
Determination of the Parameters of Floatzone Silicon Irradiated with High Energy Protons by Simulation of the Current-Voltage and Quantum Yield Characteristics
Creators: name: Neitzert, H.-C.
name: Tucci, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Solar Cells, Modules and PV Systems for Space Applications

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 704-706
description: Crystalline silicon solar cells using Floating Zone material have been exposed to high energy proton
irradiation. In particular the impact of 1.7MeV protons with different fluence values up to 5.1012cm-2 on the currentvoltage
characteristics with and without illumination and on the quantum yield characteristics has been investigated.
An excellent agreement between experiment data and PC1D simulation has been achieved and allowed us to extract
basic parameters device parameter changes due to irradiation. It has been found, that a initial fast degradation is
found and a saturation of the proton induced damage is observed for fluence values above 1.1012cm-2. Key
degradation parameter is the absorber region minority carrier effective diffusion length.
Adaptive BEM for elliptic PDE systems, part II: Isogeometric analysis with hierarchical B-splines for weakly-singular integral equations
Creators: name: Gantner, Gregor
name: Praetorius, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We formulate and analyze an adaptive algorithm for isogeometric analysis with hierarchical B-splines for weakly-singular boundary integral equations. We prove that the employed weighted-residual error estimator is reliable and converges at optimal algebraic rate. Numerical experiments with isogeometric boundary elements for the 3D Poisson problem confirm the theoretical results, which also cover general elliptic systems like linear elasticity.
Investigating behavioural, developmental, and psychological characteristics in individuals with germline PTEN mutations
Creators: name: Cummings, Katherine
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: PTEN mutations have previously been associated with difficulties related to autism spectrum disorder/conditions (ASD/C), but relatively little is known about other behavioural, developmental, and psychological characteristics/experiences for those with germline PTEN mutations. This thesis seeks to explore existing literature on such variables through a literature review and meta-analysis, followed by an empirical study exploring behavioural/psychological variables and their potential inter-relationships. Literature review A systematic search found 25 papers reporting on behavioural and psychological variables associated with PTEN mutations. Frequently reported characteristics included: ASD-related behaviours, intellectual disability, and developmental delay (especially speech and motor delay). However, emotional distress, behaviours that challenged and impaired cognitive functioning were reported less often. A meta-analysis using a random effects model estimated pooled prevalence of ASD characteristics at 25% (95%CI:16-33%). It was noted that methodology across the studies was variable, and information was often lacking when concerning psychological characteristics. Research Report Parents/caregivers of 20 children aged 2-15 years with PTEN mutations completed an online survey. The results were then compared with normative data and data from groups of people with other syndromes. The results suggested a relatively consistent, but lower level of ability, with elevated levels of ASC-related difficulties, sensory atypicalities (especially hypo-responsiveness), and anxiety. However, social motivation was closer to typical levels, and social anxiety remained similar to the level seen in the ‘typically developing’ normative data, suggesting less difficulties in these areas. Self-injurious behaviour was more common for those with sensory atypicalities, lower adaptive ability, higher levels of ASC-related difficulties and reduced mood. Hypermobility and quality of life were both correlated with ASC phenomenology among other variables. The study highlights a wide range of potential difficulties associated with PTEN mutations, and it is suggested that support should be provided accordingly.
Universal dynamics of a turbulent superfluid Bose gas
Creators: name: García-Orozco, A. D.
name: Madeira, L.
name: Moreno-Armijos, M. A.
name: Fritsch, A. R.
name: Tavares, P. E. S.
name: Castilho, P. C. M.
name: Cidrim, A.
name: Roati, G.
name: Bagnato, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emergence of universal scaling in the time-evolving momentum distribution of a harmonically trapped three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate, parametrically driven to a turbulent state. We demonstrate that the out-of-equilibrium dynamics post excitation is described by a single function due to nearby non-thermal fixed points. The observed behavior connects the dynamics of a quantum turbulent state to several far-from-equilibrium phenomena. We present a controllable protocol to explore universality in such systems, obtaining scaling exponents that can serve as reference for future theoretical investigations. Our experimental results thus offer a promising route to investigate the complex dynamics of the quantum turbulent regime under a novel perspective.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Humic Substance Photosensitized Degradation of Phthalate Esters Characterized by 2H and 13C Isotope Fractionation
Creators: name: Min, Ning
name: Yao, Jun
name: Li, Hao
name: Chen, Zhihui
name: Pang, Wancheng
name: Zhu, Junjie
name: Kümmel, Steffen
name: Schaefer, Thomas
name: Herrmann, Hartmut
name: Richnow, Hans Hermann
Publisher: name: Columbus, Ohio : American Chemical Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: humic substances
subject: isotope fractionation
subject: photodegradation
subject: photosensitization
subject: phthalate esters
subject: radical reactions
subject: 050
subject: 333.7

description: The photosensitized transformation of organic chemicals is an important degradation mechanism in natural surface waters, aerosols, and water films on surfaces. Dissolved organic matter including humic-like substances (HS), acting as photosensitizers that participate in electron transfer reactions, can generate a variety of reactive species, such as OH radicals and excited triplet-state HS (3HS*), which promote the degradation of organic compounds. We use phthalate esters, which are important contaminants found in wastewaters, landfills, soils, rivers, lakes, groundwaters, and mine tailings. We use phthalate esters as probes to study the reactivity of HS irradiated with artificial sunlight. Phthalate esters with different side-chain lengths were used as probes for elucidation of reaction mechanisms using 2H and 13C isotope fractionation. Reference experiments with the artificial photosensitizers 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodofluorescein (Rose Bengal), 3-methoxy-acetophenone (3-MAP), and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4-MBA) yielded characteristic fractionation factors (−4 ± 1, −4 ± 2, and −4 ± 1‰ for 2H; 0.7 ± 0.2, 1.0 ± 0.4, and 0.8 ± 0.2‰ for 13C), allowing interpretation of reaction mechanisms of humic substances with phthalate esters. The correlation of 2H and 13C fractions can be used diagnostically to determine photosensitized reactions in the environment and to differentiate among biodegradation, hydrolysis, and photosensitized HS reaction.
Electro-Optical Modelling of Solar Cells with Photonic Structures
Creators: name: Peters, M.
name: Rüdiger, M.
name: Pelzer, D.
name: Hauser, H.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Bläsi, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 87-91
description: In this paper we present a simulation method for the investigation of diffractive effects in solar cells.
The method is based on a coupling of a rigorous wave optical simulation program and a semiconductor device
simulation tool. By comparing characteristic values for a solar cell simulated with this coupled approach to results
obtained with a standard procedure, we show that solar cells can be modelled with the presented approach
consistently. Following that, we use this method to investigate the effects induced by a photonic structure into a
crystalline silicon solar cell. As an exemplary system a diffractive backside linear grating was used. We show that
with an optimized grating, the solar cell efficiency can be increased by more than 1% absolute. Finally, we
investigate the absorption in the aluminium reflector for a solar cell with backside grating theoretically and
experimentally. We find that structuring of the aluminium causes parasitic absorption and should be avoided.
Crystalline quality in aluminium single crystals, characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Rocking-Curve analysis
Creators: name: Orr, Gilad
name: Golan, Gad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aluminum single crystals are tested using X-Ray Bragg diffraction, which may have applications in microscopy and electronics fabrication industry. Yet, their efficiency for x- ray beam diffraction depends on the accurate crystal orientation, the microstructure and imperfections. Moreover, the final sample that is formed from the as-grown crystal by cutting, grinding, polishing and chemical etching, introduces various surface defects that penetrate deep into the crystal affecting its natural structure. Defect penetration is attributed to the fact that ultra-pure aluminum single crystals are soft and ductile with a hardness in the range of 2~2.5 mho. This leads to lattice deformation, resulting in a deviation from the crystallographic orientation of the final device, affecting the diffraction intensity and an apparent shift in the Bragg angle. In this work we investigate the influence of processing aluminum single crystals by mechanical and chemical means using XRD and Rocking-Curve broadening as a quantitative indication concerning the depth of the damage. This is a preliminary step in supporting future work on the study of electrical conduction in aluminum single crystals. Supplementing electrical conductivity measurements of aluminum, quality assessment of defects in front cell aluminum conductors can assist in designing novel low resistance aluminum conductors replacing the currently widely used and relatively rare silver.
Simplified reconstruction of layered materials in EIT
Creators: name: Garde, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 35Q60, 35R05, 47H05

description: This short note considerably simplifies a reconstruction method by the author (Comm. PDE, 45(9):1118--1133, 2020), for reconstructing piecewise constant layered conductivities (PCLC) from partial boundary measurements in electrical impedance tomography. Theory from monotonicity-based reconstruction of extreme inclusions eliminates most of the bookkeeping related to multiple components of each layer, and also simplifies the involved test operators. Moreover, the method no longer requires a priori lower and upper bounds to the unknown conductivity values.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
17.8% Efficiency Obtained on c-Si Solar Cells Using a Selective Emitter Industrial Type Process
Creators: name: Monna, R.
name: Enjalbert, N.
name: Veschetti, Y.
name: Lozac´H, M.
name: Pirot, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1733-1736
description: The formation of selective emitters is a key issue to achieve higher efficiencies on industrial screen printed silicon solar cells. A study on the development of selective emitter concepts is presented using POCl3 diffusion for the development of the high and low doped emitters. The work is focused on the application of the developed technology to an industrial level, considering the alignment requirements between the highly doped emitter pattern and the front silver grid. Our selective emitter process shows a great efficiency improvement of 0.5% absolute which is related to an improved spectral response in the short wavelength range. Efficiencies of 16.6% are obtained on 150 mm x 150 mm mc-Si cells and 17.8% on 125 mm x 125 mm c-Si cells.
Recent Progress with Hot Carrier Solar Cells
Creators: name: Green, M.A.
name: Conibeer, G.J.
name: König, D.
name: Shrestha, S.
name: Huang, S.
name: Aliberti, P.
name: Treiber, L.
name: Patterson, R.
name: Puthen-Veetil, B.
name: Hsieh, A.
name: Luque, A.
name: Martí Vega, A.
name: Linares, P.
name: Cánovas, E.
name: Antolín, E.
name: Fuertes Marrón, D.
name: Tablero, C.
name: Hernández, E.
name: Guillemoles, J.-F.
name: Huang, L.
name: Schmidt, T.W.
name: Clady, R.
name: Tayebjee, M.J.Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1-3
description: Hot carrier solar cells offer one of the most promising options for high performance “third generation”
photovoltaic devices. For successful operation, these need to be thin, strongly absorbing, radiatively efficient devices
in a simple 2-terminal configuration. Nonetheless, they offer potential performance close to the maximum possible
for solar conversion, equivalent to a multi-cell stack of six or more tandem cells possibly without some of the
limitations, such as spectral sensitivity. However, hot carrier cells offer some quite fundamental challenges in
implementation that our team is addressing in an internationally collaborative effort.
Induced superconducting pairing in integer quantum Hall edge states
Creators: name: Hatefipour, Mehdi
name: Cuozzo, Joseph J.
name: Kanter, Jesse
name: Strickland, William
name: Allemang, Christopher R.
name: Lu, Tzu-Ming
name: Rossi, Enrico
name: Shabani, Javad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Indium Arsenide (InAs) near surface quantum wells (QWs) are promising for the fabrication of semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures given that they allow for a strong hybridization between the two-dimensional states in the quantum well and the ones in the superconductor. In this work we present results for InAs QWs in the quantum Hall regime placed in proximity of superconducting NbTiN. We observe a negative downstream resistance with a corresponding reduction of Hall (upstream) resistance, consistent with a very high Andreev conversion. We analyze the experimental data using the Landauer-Büttiker formalism, generalized to allow for Andreev reflection processes. We attribute the high efficiency of Andreev conversion in our devices to the large transparency of the InAs/NbTiN interface and the consequent strong hybridization of the QH edge modes with the states in the superconductor.
description: New measurements. Updated figures and discussion
Formation of Very Young Massive Clusters and implications for globular clusters
Creators: name: Banerjee, Sambaran
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How Very Young Massive star Clusters (VYMCs; also known as "starburst" clusters), which typically are of $\gtrsim 10^4M_\odot$ and are a few Myr old, form out of Giant Molecular Clouds is still largely an open question. Increasingly detailed observations of young star clusters and star-forming molecular clouds and computational studies provide clues about their formation scenarios and the underlying physical processes involved. This chapter is focused on reviewing the decade-long studies that attempt to computationally reproduce the well-observed nearby VYMCs, such as the Orion Nebula Cluster, R136 and NGC 3603 young cluster, thereby shedding light on birth conditions of massive star clusters, in general. On this regard, focus is given on direct N-body modeling of real-sized massive star clusters, with a monolithic structure and undergoing residual gas expulsion, which have consistently reproduced the observed characteristics of several VYMCs and also of young star clusters, in general. The connection of these relatively simplified model calculations with the structural richness of dense molecular clouds and the complexity of hydrodynamic calculations of star cluster formation is presented in detail. Furthermore, the connections of such VYMCs with globular clusters, which are nearly as old as our Universe, is discussed. The chapter is concluded by addressing long-term deeply gas-embedded (at least apparently) and substructured systems like W3 Main. While most of the results are quoted from existing and up-to-date literature, in an integrated fashion, several new insights and discussions are provided.
description: 49 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables. Review chapter to be published in The Origin of Stellar Clusters, ed. S. Stahler (Springer)
Measurement report: Long-range transport and the fate of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products in the free troposphere derived from observations at the high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240ma.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes
Creators: name: Scholz, Wiebke
name: Shen, Jiali
name: Aliaga, Diego
name: Wu, Cheng
name: Carbone, Samara
name: Moreno, Isabel
name: Zha, Qiaozhi
name: Huang, Wei
name: Heikkinen, Liine
name: Jaffrezo, Jean Luc
name: Uzu, Gaelle
name: Partoll, Eva
name: Leiminger, Markus
name: Velarde, Fernando
name: Laj, Paolo
name: Ginot, Patrick
name: Artaxo, Paolo
name: Wiedensohler, Alfred
name: Kulmala, Markku
name: Mohr, Claudia
name: Andrade, Marcos
name: Sinclair, Victoria
name: Bianchi, Federico
name: Hansel, Armin
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : EGU
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: aerosol
subject: air mass
subject: atmospheric pollution
subject: dimethylsulfide
subject: environmental fate
subject: 550

description: Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the primary natural contributor to the atmospheric sulfur burden. Observations concerning the fate of DMS oxidation products after long-range transport in the remote free troposphere are, however, sparse. Here we present quantitative chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of DMS and its oxidation products sulfuric acid (H2SO4), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylsulfone (DMSO2), methanesulfinic acid (MSIA), methyl thioformate (MTF), methanesulfenic acid (MSEA, CH3SOH), and a compound of the likely structure CH3S(O)2OOH in the gas phase, as well as measurements of the sulfate and methanesulfonate aerosol mass fractions. The measurements were performed at the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station Chacaltaya in the Bolivian Andes located at 5240m above sea level (a.s.l.). DMS and DMS oxidation products are brought to the Andean high-altitude station by Pacific air masses during the dry season after convective lifting over the remote Pacific ocean to 6000-8000ma.s.l. and subsequent long-range transport in the free troposphere (FT). Most of the DMS reaching the station is already converted to the rather unreactive sulfur reservoirs DMSO2 in the gas phase and methanesulfonate (MS-) in the particle phase, which carried nearly equal amounts of sulfur to the station. The particulate sulfate at Chacaltaya is however dominated by regional volcanic emissions during the time of the measurement and not significantly affected by the marine air masses. In one of the FT events, even some DMS was observed next to reactive intermediates such as methyl thioformate, dimethylsulfoxide, and methanesulfinic acid. Also for this event, back trajectory calculations show that the air masses came from above the ocean (distance >330km) with no local surface contacts. This study demonstrates the potential impact of marine DMS emissions on the availability of sulfur-containing vapors in the remote free troposphere far away from the ocean.
MPEC 2023-S248 : 2023 SQ7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 SQ7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Efficient Visual Recognition with Deep Neural Networks: A Survey on Recent Advances and New Directions
Creators: name: Wu, Yang
name: Wang, Dingheng
name: Lu, Xiaotong
name: Yang, Fan
name: Li, Guoqi
name: Dong, Weisheng
name: Shi, Jianbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual recognition is currently one of the most important and active research areas in computer vision, pattern recognition, and even the general field of artificial intelligence. It has great fundamental importance and strong industrial needs. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have largely boosted their performances on many concrete tasks, with the help of large amounts of training data and new powerful computation resources. Though recognition accuracy is usually the first concern for new progresses, efficiency is actually rather important and sometimes critical for both academic research and industrial applications. Moreover, insightful views on the opportunities and challenges of efficiency are also highly required for the entire community. While general surveys on the efficiency issue of DNNs have been done from various perspectives, as far as we are aware, scarcely any of them focused on visual recognition systematically, and thus it is unclear which progresses are applicable to it and what else should be concerned. In this paper, we present the review of the recent advances with our suggestions on the new possible directions towards improving the efficiency of DNN-related visual recognition approaches. We investigate not only from the model but also the data point of view (which is not the case in existing surveys), and focus on three most studied data types (images, videos and points). This paper attempts to provide a systematic summary via a comprehensive survey which can serve as a valuable reference and inspire both researchers and practitioners who work on visual recognition problems.
Optical photometry and spectroscopy of the 1987A-like supernova 2009mw
Creators: name: Takáts, K.
name: Pignata, G.
name: Bersten, M.
name: Kaufmann, M. L. Rojas
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Folatelli, G.
name: Hamuy, M.
name: Stritzinger, M.
name: Haislip, J. B.
name: LaCluyze, A. P.
name: Moore, J. P.
name: Reichar, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the 1987A-like supernova (SN) 2009mw. Our $BVRI$ and $g'r'i'z'$ photometry covers 167 days of evolution, including the rise to the light curve maximum, and ends just after the beginning of the linear tail phase. We compare the observational properties of SN 2009mw with those of other SNe belonging to the same subgroup, and find that it shows similarities to several objects. The physical parameters of the progenitor and the SN are estimated via hydrodynamical modelling, yielding an explosion energy of $1$ foe, a pre-SN mass of $19\,{\rm M_{\odot}}$, a progenitor radius as $30\,{\rm R_{\odot}}$ and a $^{56}$Ni mass as $0.062\,{\rm M_{\odot}}$. These values indicate that the progenitor of SN 2009mw was a blue supergiant star, similar to the progenitor of SN 1987A. We examine the host environment of SN 2009mw and find that it emerged from a population with slightly sub-solar metallicty.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS