cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$\infty$Bench: Extending Long Context Evaluation Beyond 100K Tokens
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinrong
name: Chen, Yingfa
name: Hu, Shengding
name: Xu, Zihang
name: Chen, Junhao
name: Hao, Moo Khai
name: Han, Xu
name: Thai, Zhen Leng
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Liu, Zhiyuan
name: Sun, Maosong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Processing and reasoning over long contexts is crucial for many practical applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as document comprehension and agent construction. Despite recent strides in making LLMs process contexts with more than 100K tokens, there is currently a lack of a standardized benchmark to evaluate this long-context capability. Existing public benchmarks typically focus on contexts around 10K tokens, limiting the assessment and comparison of LLMs in processing longer contexts. In this paper, we propose $\infty$Bench, the first LLM benchmark featuring an average data length surpassing 100K tokens. $\infty$Bench comprises synthetic and realistic tasks spanning diverse domains, presented in both English and Chinese. The tasks in $\infty$Bench are designed to require well understanding of long dependencies in contexts, and make simply retrieving a limited number of passages from contexts not sufficient for these tasks. In our experiments, based on $\infty$Bench, we evaluate the state-of-the-art proprietary and open-source LLMs tailored for processing long contexts. The results indicate that existing long context LLMs still require significant advancements to effectively process 100K+ context. We further present three intriguing analyses regarding the behavior of LLMs processing long context.
Letter Regarding Tobacco
Creators: name: United States. Department Of State
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1965
Subjects: Box 232 Folder 4
Box 232 Folder 04
Yugoslavia -- Politics and government -- 1945-1980
Yugoslavia -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1980 -- Soviet Union

description: Letter concerning economic intimidation towards American tobacco companies to discontinue purchase of Yugoslav tobacco.
ROSES Flow Diagram for Systematic Maps
Creators: name: Haddaway, Neal
name: Macura, Biljana
name: Whaley, Paul
name: Pullin, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: ROSES is a collaborative initiative with the aim of improving the standards of reporting in evidence syntheses in the field of environment. At the core of ROSES is a set of detailed state-of-the art forms for ensuring evidence syntheses report their methods to the highest possible standards. Here you can find information about how to use ROSES forms for review protocols and final reports, along with detailed guidance on how to use the forms and how they were developed and published.
ROSES forms will help review authors to ensure that all relevant methodological information is reported in their review, and will help editors and peer-reviewers to critique the reliability and validity of a review.
Discovery of Extensive Optical Emission Associated with the X-ray Bright, Radio Faint Galactic SNR G156.2+5.7
Creators: name: Gerardy, Christopher L.
name: Fesen, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present wide-field Halpha images of the Galactic supernova remnant G156.2+5.7 which reveal the presence of considerable faint Halpha line emission coincident with the remnant's X-ray emission. The outermost Halpha emission consists largely of long and thin (unresolved), smoothly curved filaments of Balmer-dominated emission presumably associated with the remnant's forward shock front. Patches of brighter Halpha emission along the western, south-central, and northeastern regions appear to be radiative shocked ISM filaments like those commonly seen in supernova remnants, with relatively strong [O I] 6300,6364 and [S II] 6716,6731 line emissions. Comparison of the observed Halpha emission with the ROSAT PSPC X-ray image of G156.2+5.7 shows that the thin Balmer-dominated filaments lie along the outermost edge of the remnant's detected X-ray emission. Brighter radiative emission features are not coincident with the remnant's brightest X-ray or radio regions. Areas of sharply weaker X-ray flux seen in the ROSAT image of G156.2+5.7 appear spatially coincident with dense interstellar clouds visible on optical and IRAS 60 and 100 micron emission images, as well as maps of increased optical extinction. This suggests significant X-ray absorption in these regions due to foreground interstellar dust, especially along the western and southern limbs. The close projected proximity and alignment of the remnant's brighter, radiative filaments with several of these interstellar clouds and dust lanes hint at a possible physically interaction between the G156.2+5.7 remnant and these interstellar clouds and may indicate a smaller distance to the remnant than previously estimated.
description: To appear in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Arthuria tenuipilosa
Creators: name: Van Soest, Rob W. M.
name: De Voogd, Nicole J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Calcarea
Clathrinida
Clathrinidae
Arthuria
Arthuria tenuipilosa

description: Arthuria tenuipilosa (Dendy, 1905)
Figures 10a–f
Leucosolenia (Clathrina) tenuipilosa Dendy, 1905: 227, pl. XIII fig. 9.
Clathrina tenuipilosa; Klautau & Valentine, 2003: 40, fig. 32.
Arthuria tenuipilosa; Klautau et al. 2013: 12.
Material examined. ZMA Por. 15509b, Indonesia, Indonesia, SE Sulawesi, SW Salayar, NW coast of Pulau Guang, 6.35°S 120.45°E, depth 3–4 m, SCUBA, coll. H.A. ten Hove, Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition stat. 152/II/ Cave 1/A3, 28 September 1984.
Description. White mass of loosely anastomosed tubes (Fig. 10a), size 3 x 1.5 x 0.5 cm. Water-collecting tubes are absent. Wall of tubes microscopically echinated by hairy-thin diactines (Figs 10b–c).
Skeleton. (Fig. 10b) The tube walls consist of a thin layer of triactines and tetractines.
Spicules. (Figs 10d–f) Triactines, tetractines, diactines.
Triactines (Fig. 10d) equiangular equiactinal, 81– 107.1 –119 x 8– 8.9 –10.5 µm.
Tetractines (Fig. 10e), with equiangular equiactinal basal radiate system, actines 89– 103.6 –121 x 8– 8.7 –10 µm, apical actines 62–100 x 6–6.5 µm.
Diactines (Fig. 10f), with slightly swollen endings (Fig. 10f 1) on one side and thinly pointed endings on the opposite side, usually broken, 350–422 x 2.5–3 µm.
Ecology. On the upper wall of a shallow-water cave.
Distribution. Indonesia, Sri Lanka.
Remarks. The spicule size data of our specimen conform closely to those given by Dendy (1905: 227) for the type material, but differ from the measurements of Klautau & Valentine (2003: 41) taken from a paratype in having on average longer and slightly thinner actines. Trichoxeas described by Klautau & Valentine (2003: 41) are thinner (only 0.3 µm) than the diactines we measured in our material.
Clathrina luteoculcitella Wörheide & Hooper, 1999 also has a fringe of diactines sticking out of the tubewalls, but that species has no tetractines and the live color is yellow.
Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov. described below has similar habitus and general spiculation, but the actines of both triactines and tetractines are twice as long and thick, there is a complement of sagittal tri-and tetractines. The diactines are also longer and thicker and do not stick out.
description: Published as part of Van Soest, Rob W. M. & De Voogd, Nicole J., 2015, Calcareous sponges of Indonesia, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 3951 (1) on pages 17-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14950882
A Variational Approach to Monte Carlo Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Wu, Yantao
name: Car, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Monte Carlo method for computing the renormalized coupling constants and the critical exponents within renormalization theory. The scheme, which derives from a variational principle, overcomes critical slowing down, by means of a bias potential that renders the coarse grained variables uncorrelated. The 2D Ising model is used to illustrate the method.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Ample filters and Frobenius amplitude
Creators: name: Keeler, Dennis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F05, 14F17

description: Let $X$ be a projective scheme over a field. We show that the vanishing cohomology of any sequence of coherent sheaves is closely related to vanishing under pullbacks by the Frobenius morphism. We also compare various definitions of ample locally free sheaf and show that the vanishing given by the Frobenius morphism is, in a certain sense, the strongest possible. Our work can be viewed as various generalizations of the Serre Vanishing Theorem.
description: 15 pages, major improvement in results, typo fixed in Equation 2.5, warning footnote added to Lemma 2.2
Prospects to verify a possible dark matter hint in cosmic antiprotons with antideuterons and antihelium
Creators: name: Korsmeier, Michael
name: Donato, Fiorenza
name: Fornengo, Nicolao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays are an important tool to study dark matter annihilation in our Galaxy. Recently, a possible hint for dark matter annihilation was found in the antiproton spectrum measured by AMS-02, even though the result might be affected by theoretical uncertainties. A complementary way to test its dark matter interpretation would be the observation of low-energy antinuclei in cosmic rays. We determine the chances to observe antideuterons with GAPS and AMS-02, and the implications for the ongoing AMS-02 antihelium searches. We find that the corresponding antideuteron signal is within the GAPS and AMS-02 detection potential. If, more conservatively, the putative signal was considered as an upper limit on DM annihilation, our results would indicate the highest possible fluxes for antideuterons and antihelium compatible with current antiproton data.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, matches published version
Higgs-gauge boson interactions in the economical 3-3-1 model
Creators: name: Van Dong, Phung
name: Long, Hoang Ngoc
name: Van Soa, Dang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interactions among the standard model gauge bosons and scalar fields in the framework of SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X gauge model with minimal (economical) Higgs content are presented. From these couplings, all scalar fields including the neutral scalar $h$ and the Goldstone bosons can be identified and their couplings with the usual gauge bosons such as the photon, the charged $W^\pm$ and the neutral $Z$, without any additional condition, are recovered. In the effective approximation, full content of scalar sector can be recognized. The CP-odd part of Goldstone associated with the neutral non-Hermitian bilepton gauge boson $G_{X^0}$ is decouple, while its CP-even counterpart has the mixing by the same way in the gauge boson sector. Masses of the new neutral Higgs boson $H^0_1$ and the neutral non-Hermitian bilepton $X^0$ are dependent on a coefficient of Higgs self-coupling ($λ_1$). Similarly, masses of the singly-charged Higgs boson $H_2^\pm$ and of the charged bilepton $Y^\pm$ are proportional through a coefficient of Higgs self-interaction ($λ_4$). The hadronic cross section for production of this Higgs boson at the LHC in the effective vector boson approximation is calculated. Numerical evaluation shows that the cross section can exceed 260 $fb$.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
The Optical Counterpart to the Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 in the Globular Cluster NGC 6440
Creators: name: Cadelano, M.
name: Pallanca, C.
name: Ferraro, F. R.
name: Dalessandro, E.
name: Lanzoni, B.
name: Patruno, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used a combination of deep optical and Halpha images of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6440, acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope, to identify the optical counterpart to the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021during quiescence. A strong Halpha emission has been detected from a main sequence star (hereafter COM-SAX J1748.9-2021) located at only 0.15" from the nominal position of the X-ray source. The position of the star also agrees with the optical counterpart found by Verbunt et al. (2000) during an outburst. We propose this star as the most likely optical counterpart to the binary system. By direct comparison with isochrones, we estimated that COM-SAX J1748.9-2021 has a mass of 0.70 Msun - 0.83 Msun, a radius of 0.88 pm 0.02 Rsun and a superficial temperature of 5250pm80 K. These parameters combined with the orbital characteristics of the binary suggest that the system is observed at a very low inclination angle (~8 deg -14 deg) and that the star is filling or even overflowing its Roche Lobe. This, together with the equivalent width of the Halpha emission (~20 Ang), suggest possible on-going mass transfer. The possibile presence of such a on-going mass transfer during a quiescence state also suggests that the radio pulsar is not active yet and thus this system, despite its similarity with the class of redback millisecond pulsars, is not a transitional millisecond pulsar.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Memorandum Regarding Guarantees
Creators: name: United States. Department Of State
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1964
Subjects: Box 232 Folder 6
Box 232 Folder 06
Yugoslavia -- Politics and government -- 1945-1980
Yugoslavia -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1980 -- Soviet Union

description: Memorandum detailing previous discussed financials on Yugoslav long-term loans, willingness to issue loan guarantee, and Presidential determination.
ASCERTAINING THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) MATURITY LEVEL OF THE BANKING SECTOR USING KOCHIKAR MODEL
Creators: name: Ejiofor C. I & Okengwu U.A
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Information and Communication Technology has indeed been the driving force in most economics of the world owing to its versatility in integrating with most national sectors. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) models have been developed with the sole aim of ascertaining the maturity level in various economic sectors from the perspective of ICT. Due to the divergent impact of ICT in the Banking sector in Nigeria; this research paper has attempted to ascertain the maturity level within the banking sector using KochiKar Model: a Knowledge-driven ICT maturity model. The dataset for analysis was obtained using structured interview approach spread across Ten (10) Nigeria banks, capturing 12 personnel’s each with an overall total of 120 respondents.The ICT maturity parameter indicators show clearly that Application, Human Resource Infrastructure and Policy have varied ratio of: 65%, 46% , 30% and 16%, respectively while the overall maturity index was captured at 0.40 (40%) falling into “BASIC” level within the stages of Kochikar model measurement. These results have highlighted the need in improving policies and infrastructures tremendously while applications and human resources can be expanded gradually which will overall increase the maturity index level.
Dynamical generation of fermion mass hierarchy in an extra dimension
Creators: name: Fujimoto, Yukihiro
name: Miura, Takashi
name: Nishiwaki, Kenji
name: Sakamoto, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new mechanism to produce a fermion mass hierarchy dynamically in a model with a singlet generation of fermions. A five dimensional gauge theory on an interval with point interactions (zero-width branes) takes responsibility for realizing three generations and each massless zero mode localizes at boundaries of the segments on the extra dimension. An extra-dimension coordinate-dependent vacuum expectation value of a scalar field makes large differences in overlap integrals of the localized zero modes and then an exponential fermion mass hierarchy can appear. The positions of the point interactions control the magnitude of the fermion mass hierarchy and are determined by the minimization condition of the Casimir energy. As a result of the minimization of the Casimir energy, an exponential mass hierarchy appears dynamically. We also discuss the stability of the extra dimension.
description: 33 pages, 11figures
Scalar Field Dark Matter: non-spherical collapse and late time behavior
Creators: name: Bernal, Argelia
name: Guzman, F. Siddhartha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the evolution of non-spherically symmetric balls of a self-gravitating scalar field in the Newtonian regime or equivalently an ideal self-gravitating condensed Bose gas. In order to do so, we use a finite differencing approximation of the Shcrödinger-Poisson (SP) system of equations with axial symmetry in cylindrical coordinates. Our results indicate: 1) that spherically symmetric ground state equilibrium configurations are stable against non-spherical perturbations and 2) that such configurations of the SP system are late-time attractors for non-spherically symmetric initial profiles of the scalar field, which is a generalization of such behavior for spherically symmetric initial profiles. Our system and the boundary conditions used, work as a model of scalar field dark matter collapse after the turnaround point. In such case, we have found that the scalar field overdensities tolerate non-spherical contributions to the profile of the initial fluctuation.
description: 8 revtex pages, 10 eps figures. Accepted for publication in PRD
Note Regarding Katzenbach Recommendation
Creators: name: United States. White House
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1968
Subjects: Box 232 Folder 7
Box 232 Folder 07
Yugoslavia -- Politics and government -- 1945-1980
Yugoslavia -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1980 -- Soviet Union

description: Note from Rostow to President detailing Katzenbach recommendation to meet with Yugoslav Deputy Prime Minister Gligorov.
Есть дыра, будет и прореха
Creators: name: Киселев, Владимир Дмитриевич
name: Бестолков, Владимир Иванович
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: кейкис
кейс-стади в формате кейкис

description: Внутренняя среда. Объект исследования  Господин Бум – влиятельный руководитель ЗАО «ОКБ» - предприятия (компании) всероссийского масштаба. Бум работает в ЗАО более 30 лет. В октябре 2011 года общим собранием акционеров избран на должность генерального директора.
Point Particle Motion in DFT and a Singularity-Free Cosmological Solution
Creators: name: Brandenberger, Robert
name: Costa, Renato
name: Franzmann, Guilherme
name: Weltman, Amanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the action for point particle motion to a double field theory background. After deriving the general equations of motion for these particle geodesics, we specialize to the case of a cosmological background with vanishing antisymmetric tensor field and constant dilaton. We then show that the geodesics can be extended to infinity in both time directions once we define the appropriate physical clock. Following this prescription, we also show the existence of a singularity-free cosmological solution.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Superradiance and subradiance in the electromagnetic radiative decay of X(3872)
Creators: name: El-Hady, A. Abd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is pointed out that if the molecular interpretation of the recently observed resonance X(3872) is valid, then nature may have prepared a good laboratory for us to examine the phenomenon of superradiance and subradiance of Dicke. The superradiance and supradiance factors are evaluated and the effects on the electromagnetic radiative decay of X(3872) are discussed. Our results using coordinate space representation is similar to the momentum space results of Voloshin.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, few references added, Phys. Rev. D 73, 073010 (2006)
Restorative Circles as a Means of Proactive Student Self-Assessment: Integrating the Wellbeing Agenda into the Junior Cycle English Classroom
Creators: name: Gough, Karl
Publisher: name: Student Teacher Educational Research (STER)
Year: 2024
Subjects: Restorative Practice
Junior Cycle
Wellbeing

description: Karl Gough, Graduate of the Professional Master in Education Programme at UCD, writes about his Master's research on Restorative Circles as a Means of Proactive Student Self-Assessment: Integrating the Wellbeing Agenda into the Junior Cycle English Classroom.
Additional file 11: of Transcriptome sequencing analysis of maize embryonic callus during early redifferentiation
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaoling
name: Wang, Yanli
name: Yan, Yuanyuan
name: Peng, Hua
name: Long, Yun
name: Zhang, Yinchao
name: Jiang, Zhou
name: Liu, Peng
name: Zou, Chaoying
name: Peng, Huanwei
name: Pan, Guangtang
name: Shen, Yaou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S17. List of DEGs related to embryonic callus regeneration. (DOCX 20 kb)
The use of factorial survey experiments in studying police procedural justice: A systematic review
Creators: name: Nivette, Amy
name: Nägel, Christof
name: Stan, Andrada
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance
subject: factorial survey experiment
subject: police legitimacy
subject: policing
subject: procedural justice
subject: vignette

description: The current study aims to critically review the use of factorial survey experiments used in research on police procedural justice and legitimacy. This review focuses particularly on assessing the methodological characteristics of between-subjects experiments, in particular documenting the scenarios and treatments described in each vignette, the extent to which confounds are embedded or accounted for in the design, and the analytic approach to estimating direct and interaction effects. In doing so, we aim to provide an overview of different scenarios and treatments for use in replication and future studies, and a critical evaluation of methodological issues that can limit conclusions based on these types of survey experiments. A secondary goal of this review is to summarize the existing research evidence on factors that influence public perceptions of procedural justice and legitimacy.
Reichardia tingitana Roth
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Reichardia
Reichardia tingitana

description: Scorzonera orientalis Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 1191. 1759.
["Habitat in Oriente. Hasselquist."] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1113 (1763). RCN: 5798.
 Lectotype (Jeffrey in Kew Bull. 18: 477. 1966): Herb. Hasselquist, No. 672 (UPS).
 Current name:  Reichardia tingitana  (L.) Roth (Asteraceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S), pp. 806-877 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 832, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Theory of liquid film growth and wetting instabilities on graphene
Creators: name: Sengupta, Sanghita
name: Nichols, Nathan S.
name: Del Maestro, Adrian
name: Kotov, Valeri N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate wetting phenomena near graphene within the Dzyaloshinskii-Lifshitz-Pitaevskii theory for light gases composed of hydrogen, helium and nitrogen in three different geometries where graphene is either affixed to an insulating substrate, submerged or suspended. We find that the presence of graphene has a significant effect in all configurations. In a suspended geometry where graphene is able to wet on only one side, liquid film growth becomes arrested at a critical thickness which may trigger surface instabilities and pattern formation analogous to spinodal dewetting. These phenomena are also universally present in other two-dimensional materials.
description: 13 pages, includes expanded supplemental material with doping dependence
Quasar 2175 Å dust absorbers I: metallicity, depletion pattern, and kinematics
Creators: name: Ma, Jingzhe
name: Ge, Jian
name: Zhao, Yinan
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Zhang, Shaohua
name: Ji, Tuo
name: Schneider, Donald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 13 new 2175 Å dust absorbers at z_abs = 1.0 - 2.2 towards background quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. These absorbers are examined in detail using data from the Echelle Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) on the Keck II telescope. Many low-ionization lines including Fe II, Zn II, Mg II, Si II, Al II, Ni II, Mn II, Cr II, Ti II, and Ca II are present in the same absorber which gives rise to the 2175 Å bump. The relative metal abundances (with respect to Zn) demonstrate that the depletion patterns of our 2175 Å dust absorbers resemble that of the Milky Way clouds although some are disk-like and some are halo-like. The 2175 Å dust absorbers have significantly higher depletion levels compared to literature Damped Lyman-α absorbers (DLAs) and subDLAs. The dust depletion level indicator [Fe/Zn] tends to anti-correlate with bump strengths. The velocity profiles from the Keck/ESI spectra also provide kinematical information on the dust absorbers. The dust absorbers are found to have multiple velocity components with velocity widths extending from ~100 to ~ 600 km/s, which are larger than those of most DLAs and subDLAs. Assuming the velocity width is a reliable tracer of stellar mass, the host galaxies of 2175 Å dust absorbers are expected to be more massive than DLA/subDLA hosts. Not all of the 2175 Å dust absorbers are intervening systems towards background quasars. The absorbers towards quasars J1006+1538 and J1047+3423 are proximate systems that could be associated with the quasar itself or the host galaxy.
description: 27 pages, 32 figures, 31 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Reichardia picroides Roth
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Reichardia
Reichardia picroides

description: Scorzonera picroides Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 792. 1753.
“Habitat– - - –” RCN: 5801.
 Lectotype (Gallego & al. in Lagascalia 9: 194. 1980): Herb. Linn. No. 947.11 (LINN).
 Current name:  Reichardia picroides  (L.) Roth (Asteraceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S), pp. 806-877 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 832, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
GRay2: A General Purpose Geodesic Integrator for Kerr Spacetimes
Creators: name: Chan, Chi-kwan
name: Medeiros, Lia
name: Ozel, Feryal
name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast and accurate integration of geodesics in Kerr spacetimes is an important tool in modeling the orbits of stars and the transport of radiation in the vicinities of black holes. Most existing integration algorithms employ Boyer-Lindquist coordinates, which have coordinate singularities at the event horizon and along the poles. Handling the singularities requires special numerical treatment in these regions, often slows down the calculations, and may lead to inaccurate geodesics. We present here a new general-purpose geodesic integrator, GRay2, that overcomes these issues by employing the Cartesian form of Kerr-Schild coordinates. By performing particular mathematical manipulations of the geodesic equations and several optimizations, we develop an implementation of the Cartesian Kerr-Schild coordinates that outperforms calculations that use the seemingly simpler equations in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. We also employ the OpenCL framework, which allows GRay2 to run on multi-core CPUs as well as on a wide range of GPU hardware accelerators, making the algorithm more versatile. We report numerous convergence tests and benchmark results for GRay2 for both time-like (particle) and null (photon) geodesics.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables; submitted to ApJ
Ernstia klautauae Soest & Voogd, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Van Soest, Rob W. M.
name: De Voogd, Nicole J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Calcarea
Clathrinida
Clathrinidae
Ernstia
Ernstia klautauae

description: Ernstia klautauae sp. nov.
Figs 18a–c, 19a–c
Clathrina sp.nov. 13 ‘Indonesia’; Klautau et al. 2013: 5, table 2.
Material examined. Holotype ZMA Por. 08390, Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara, E of Komodo, Selat Linta, 8.5833°S 119.57°E, depth 4–11 m, SCUBA, coll. R. W.M. van Soest, Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition stat. 079/ III/ 15, 18 September 1984.
Paratype RMNH Por. 9341, Indonesia, Papua, Misool, Raja Ampat, 1.984°S 130.5164°E. depth 0–2 m, snorkeling, coll. L.E. Becking, # LE 652 /MIS01/ RIMG 0679, 20 May 2011.
Description. Tightly anastomosed mass of thin tubes (Figs 18a–b). Tubes 1–2 mm in diameter. The in situ photo (Fig. 18b) shows two water-collecting tubes with terminal oscules elevated above the cormus. Overall size 2 x 1 cm. Color (pale) yellow. Consistency soft.
Skeleton. Tetractines are dominating in the holotype, while tri- and tetractines are about equally present in the paratype. Apical actines of tetractines protrude far and characteristically into the lumen between the tubes (Fig. 18c).
Spicules. (Figs 19a–c) Triactines, tetractines.
Triactines (Fig. 19a), with conical actines, in a wide range of thicknesses, overall size 93– 108.4 –125 x 6– 8.8 – 11 µm.
Tetractines, with conical actines of basal triadiate system 60– 106.4 –126 x 6– 7.9 –10 µm, apical actines variable, 32– 90.4 –165 x 4– 5.4 –7 µm. On the basis of the apical actines these spicules are possibly divisible in two types, with relatively thick straight apical actines (Fig. 19b), and with thin sharply pointed apical actines (Fig. 19c), straight or slightly curved.
Ecology. Shallow coral reefs, marine lakes.
Distribution. Indonesia (Komodo, Papua).
Etymology. Named after Dr Michelle Klautau (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) for her pioneering efforts in calcarean taxonomy and phylogeny.
Remarks. The new species is assigned to Ernstia, because of proportion of tri- and tetractines (equal or more tetractines) and the sharp thin apical actines of the tetractines. DNA of the present holotype material was extracted by Klautau et al. (2013: table 2) and its sequence classified closely with Ernstia tetractina (Klautau & Borojevic, 2001) (Klautau et al. 2013: Fig. 1).
The habitus reminds of Norwegian Clathrina cribrata Rapp, Valentine & Klautau, 2001 but that species has triactines only.
description: Published as part of Van Soest, Rob W. M. & De Voogd, Nicole J., 2015, Calcareous sponges of Indonesia, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 3951 (1) on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14950882
The distribution of maser stars in the inner Milky Way: the effect of a weak, rotating bar
Creators: name: Habing, H. J.
name: Sevenster, M. N.
name: Messineo, M.
name: van de Ven, G.
name: Kuijken, K.
name: :
name: consortium, the ROTBAR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the distribution of maser stars in the inner Milky Way (MW) based on an analysis of lV-diagrams (lVd) for two samples of maser stars: 771 OH/IR stars and 363 SiO-maser stars. They are all close to the plane of the MW and have long. from -45 to +45deg. The two lVds are compared and found to be very similar. They also compare well with the lVd of interstellar CO, but there are significant differences in detail between the stellar lVds and that of the ISM. Based on the qualitative discussion we divide the lVds into seven areas. In each area we compare the number of stars observed with those predicted by an assumed set of orbits in a galactic potential. This potential is axially symmetric but a weak rotating bar has been added. We conclude that the maser stars move on almost circular orbits outside of about 3.5 kpc, but that the orbits become more and more elongated when one goes deep inside our MW. We find a strong effect of the Corotation (CR) resonance (res) at 3.3 kpc, we see a small but noticeable effect of the Outer Lindblad res at 5 kpc and no effect of the Inner Lindblad res at r=0.8 kpc. We find a set of 6 groups of orbits that together predict counts in agreement with the counts of stars observed. We then calculate the trajectory of each orbit and so find the distribution of the maser stars in the plane of the MWG. This distribution has two new (but not unexpected) features. The first is a bar-like distribution within 2 kpc from the GC outlined. These orbits explain the high-vel stars near l=0deg in the forbidden and the permitted quadrants. The second feature are two "croissant"-like voids in the distribution close to the CR radius (3.3 kpc), which are the consequence of the presence of the CR res. We find excellent agreement with an earlier reconstruction by Sevenster (1999).
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Learning to Plan Chemical Syntheses
Creators: name: Segler, Marwin H. S.
name: Preuss, Mike
name: Waller, Mark P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From medicines to materials, small organic molecules are indispensable for human well-being. To plan their syntheses, chemists employ a problem solving technique called retrosynthesis. In retrosynthesis, target molecules are recursively transformed into increasingly simpler precursor compounds until a set of readily available starting materials is obtained. Computer-aided retrosynthesis would be a highly valuable tool, however, past approaches were slow and provided results of unsatisfactory quality. Here, we employ Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to efficiently discover retrosynthetic routes. MCTS was combined with an expansion policy network that guides the search, and an "in-scope" filter network to pre-select the most promising retrosynthetic steps. These deep neural networks were trained on 12 million reactions, which represents essentially all reactions ever published in organic chemistry. Our system solves almost twice as many molecules and is 30 times faster in comparison to the traditional search method based on extracted rules and hand-coded heuristics. Finally after a 60 year history of computer-aided synthesis planning, chemists can no longer distinguish between routes generated by a computer system and real routes taken from the scientific literature. We anticipate that our method will accelerate drug and materials discovery by assisting chemists to plan better syntheses faster, and by enabling fully automated robot synthesis.
GazeTrak: Exploring Acoustic-based Eye Tracking on a Glass Frame
Creators: name: Li, Ke
name: Zhang, Ruidong
name: Chen, Boao
name: Chen, Siyuan
name: Yin, Sicheng
name: Mahmud, Saif
name: Liang, Qikang
name: Guimbretière, François
name: Zhang, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present GazeTrak, the first acoustic-based eye tracking system on glasses. Our system only needs one speaker and four microphones attached to each side of the glasses. These acoustic sensors capture the formations of the eyeballs and the surrounding areas by emitting encoded inaudible sound towards eyeballs and receiving the reflected signals. These reflected signals are further processed to calculate the echo profiles, which are fed to a customized deep learning pipeline to continuously infer the gaze position. In a user study with 20 participants, GazeTrak achieves an accuracy of 3.6° within the same remounting session and 4.9° across different sessions with a refreshing rate of 83.3 Hz and a power signature of 287.9 mW. Furthermore, we report the performance of our gaze tracking system fully implemented on an MCU with a low-power CNN accelerator (MAX78002). In this configuration, the system runs at up to 83.3 Hz and has a total power signature of 95.4 mW with a 30 Hz FPS.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables, The 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MobiCom 2024)
Prospects of Indirect Searches for Dark Matter at INO
Creators: name: Choubey, Sandhya
name: Ghosh, Anushree
name: Tiwari, Deepak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The annihilation of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMP) in the centre of the sun could give rise to neutrino fluxes. We study the prospects of searching for these neutrinos at the upcoming Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector to be housed at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). We perform ICAL simulations to obtain the detector efficiencies and resolutions in order to simulate muon events in ICAL due to neutrinos coming from annihilation of WIMP in the mass range $m_χ= (3-100)$ GeV. The atmospheric neutrinos pose a major background for these indirect detection studies and can be reduced using the fact that the signal comes only from the direction of the sun. For a given WIMP mass, we find the opening angle $θ_{90}$ such that 90 \% of the signal events are contained within this angle and use this cone-cut criteria to reduce the atmospheric neutrino background. The reduced background is then weighted by the solar exposure function at INO to obtain the final background spectrum for a given WIMP mass. We perform a $χ^2$ analysis and present expected exclusion regions in the $σ_{SD}-m_χ$ and $σ_{SI}-m_χ$, where $σ_{SD}$ and $σ_{SI}$ are the WIMP-nucleon Spin-Dependent (SD) and Spin-Independent (SI) scattering cross-section, respectively. For a 10 years exposure and $m_χ=25$ GeV, the expected 90 \% C.L. exclusion limit is found to be $σ_{SD} < 6.87\times 10^{-41}$ cm$^2$ and $σ_{SI} < 7.75\times 10^{-43}$ cm$^2$ for the $τ^{+} τ^{-}$ annihilation channel and $σ_{SD} < 1.14\times 10^{-39}$ cm$^2$ and $σ_{SI} < 1.30\times 10^{-41}$ cm$^2$ for the $b~\bar b $ channel, assuming 100 \% branching ratio for each of the WIMP annihilation channel.
description: 35 pages, 19 figures, JCAP published version
The State-of-the-Art HST Astro-Photometric Analysis of the core of ωCentauri. III. The Main Sequence's Multiple Populations Galore
Creators: name: Bellini, A.
name: Milone, A. P.
name: Anderson, J.
name: Marino, A. F.
name: Piotto, G.
name: van der Marel, R. P.
name: Bedin, L. R.
name: King, I. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take advantage of the exquisite quality of the Hubble Space Telescope 26-filter astro-photometric catalog of the core of Omega Cen presented in the first paper of this series and the empirical differential-reddening correction presented in the second paper in order to distill the main sequence into its constituent populations. To this end, we restrict ourselves to the five most useful filters: the magic "trio" of F275W, F336W, and F438W, along with F606W and F814W. We develop a strategy for identifying color systems where different populations stand out most distinctly, then we isolate those populations and examine them in other filters where their sub-populations also come to light. In this way, we have identified at least 15 sub-populations, each of which has a distinctive fiducial curve through our 5-dimensional photometric space. We confirm the MSa to be split into two subcomponents, and find that both the bMS and the rMS are split into three subcomponents. Moreover, we have discovered two additional MS groups: the MSd (which has three subcomponents) shares similar properties with the bMS, and the MSe (which has four subcomponents), has properties more similar to those of the rMS. We examine the fiducial curves together and use synthetic spectra to infer relative heavy-element, light-element, and Helium abundances for the populations. Our findings show that the stellar populations and star formation history of Omega Cen are even more complex than inferred previously. Finally, we provide as a supplement to the original catalog a list that identifies for each star which population it most likely is associated with.
description: 22 pages, 17 figures (most in lower res), 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Podospermum purpureum Gemeinholzer & Greuter
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Podospermum
Podospermum purpureum

description: Scorzonera purpurea Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 791. 1753.
"Habitat in Marchia Brandeburgica, Sibiria." RCN: 5794.
 Lectotype (Díaz de la Guardia & Blanca in Taxon 46: 759. 1997): [icon] " Scorzonera caule ramoso, tereti, foliis linearibus acuminatis, calicibus obtusiusculis" in Gmelin, Fl. Sibirica 2: 7, t. 2. 1752.
 Current name:  Podospermum purpureum  (L.) Gemeinholzer & Greuter (Asteraceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S), pp. 806-877 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 832, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Additional file 1: of Biological clocks and physical functioning in monozygotic female twins
Creators: name: Sillanpää, Elina
name: Laakkonen, Eija
name: Vaara, Elina
name: Rantanen, Taina
name: Kovanen, Vuokko
name: Sipilä, Sarianna
name: Kaprio, Jaakko
name: Ollikainen, Miina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Differences between users and non-users from 24 twin pairs discordant for hormone replacement therapy. (DOCX 21 kb)
Telegram Regarding Appeal for Negotiations
Creators: name: United States. Department Of State
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1965
Subjects: Box 232 Folder 3
Box 232 Folder 03
Yugoslavia -- Politics and government -- 1945-1980
Yugoslavia -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1980 -- Soviet Union

description: Telegram documenting appeal of non-aligned states.
Levinellidae Borojevic & Boury-Esnault 1986
Creators: name: Van Soest, Rob W. M.
name: De Voogd, Nicole J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Calcarea
Clathrinida
Levinellidae

description: Family Levinellidae Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986
Genus Burtonulla Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986
description: Published as part of Van Soest, Rob W. M. & De Voogd, Nicole J., 2015, Calcareous sponges of Indonesia, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 3951 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14950882
Transient random walks on a strip in a random environment
Creators: name: Roitershtein, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K37 (Primary) 60F05, 60F10 (Secondary)

description: We consider transient random walks on a strip in a random environment. The model was introduced by Bolthausen and Goldsheid [Comm. Math. Phys. 214 (2000) 429--447]. We derive a strong law of large numbers for the random walks in a general ergodic setup and obtain an annealed central limit theorem in the case of uniformly mixing environments. In addition, we prove that the law of the "environment viewed from the position of the walker" converges to a limiting distribution if the environment is an i.i.d. sequence.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOP393 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Dataset Augmentation with Synthetic Images Improves Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Goyal, Manik
name: Rajpura, Param
name: Bojinov, Hristo
name: Hegde, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although Deep Convolutional Neural Networks trained with strong pixel-level annotations have significantly pushed the performance in semantic segmentation, annotation efforts required for the creation of training data remains a roadblock for further improvements. We show that augmentation of the weakly annotated training dataset with synthetic images minimizes both the annotation efforts and also the cost of capturing images with sufficient variety. Evaluation on the PASCAL 2012 validation dataset shows an increase in mean IOU from 52.80% to 55.47% by adding just 100 synthetic images per object class. Our approach is thus a promising solution to the problems of annotation and dataset collection.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures