cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Poverty Hypothesis and Intergenerational Transmission of Child Labor: Evidence from Ghana
Creators: name: Sam, Victoria Nyarkoah
name: Sam, Victoria Nyarkoah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Poverty Hypothesis
subject: Intergenerational Transmission
subject: Child Labor
subject: Univariate Logit Model
subject: Bivariate Probit Model
subject: Ghana

description: This study seeks to find evidence to support the claim that Child labor in Ghana is mainly a poverty phenomenon and follows an inter-generational pattern. The two econometric approaches used show that poor households are more likely to send their children out to work. Furthermore, parents are more likely to send their children out to work if they were child laborers themselves. The study recommends that policy should focus on the reduction of poverty since it is a major determinant of child labor, this will automatically prevent the perpetuation of child labor into the next generation.
DFTpy: An efficient and object-oriented platform for orbital-free DFT simulations
Creators: name: Shao, Xuecheng
name: Jiang, Kaili
name: Mi, Wenhui
name: Genova, Alessandro
name: Pavanello, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In silico materials design is hampered by the computational complexity of Kohn-Sham DFT, which scales cubically with the system size. Owing to the development of new-generation kinetic energy density functionals (KEDFs), orbital-free DFT (OFDFT, a linear-scaling method) can now be successfully applied to a large class of semiconductors and such finite systems as quantum dots and metal clusters. In this work, we present DFTpy, an open source software implementing OFDFT written entirely in Python 3 and outsourcing the computationally expensive operations to third-party modules, such as NumPy and SciPy. When fast simulations are in order, DFTpy exploits the fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) from PyFFTW. New-generation, nonlocal and density-dependent-kernel KEDFs are made computationally efficient by employing linear splines and other methods for fast kernel builds. We showcase DFTpy by solving for the electronic structure of a million-atom system of aluminum metal which was computed on a single CPU. The Python 3 implementation is object-oriented, opening the door to easy implementation of new features. As an example, we present a time-dependent OFDFT implementation (hydrodynamic DFT) which we use to compute the spectra of small metal cluster recovering qualitatively the time-dependent Kohn-Sham DFT result. The Python code base allows for easy implementation of APIs. We showcase the combination of DFTpy and ASE for molecular dynamics simulations (NVT) of liquid metals. DFTpy is released under the MIT license.
Additional file 4 of Distribution and diversity of olefins and olefin-biosynthesis genes in Gram-positive bacteria
Creators: name: Surger, Maximilian
name: Angelov, Angel
name: Liebl, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4.Micrococcus strains. The total fatty acid and olefin chain lengths and isomer distributions, as well as absolute cellular amounts in complex medium. The values are the mean of at least two biological replicates. The error bars represent standard deviation. Except for Micrococcus luteus A31655 and M. aurantiacus, which were
Analytical model for cluster radio relics
Creators: name: Brüggen, M.
name: Vazza, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio relics are vast synchrotron sources that sit on the outskirts of merging galaxy clusters. In this work we model their formation using a Press-Schechter formalism to simulate merger rates, analytical models for the intracluster medium and the shock dynamics, as well as a simple model for the cosmic-ray electrons at the merger shocks. We show that the statistical properties of the population of radio relics are strongly dependent on key physical parameters, such as the acceleration efficiency, the magnetic field strength at the relic, the geometry of the relic and the duration of the electron acceleration at merger shocks. It turns out that the flux distribution as well as the power-mass relation can constrain key parameters of the intracluster medium. With the advent of new large-area radio surveys, statistical analyses of radio relics will complement what we have learned from observations of individual objects.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Additional file 3 of The effects of enhanced primary healthcare interventions on primary care providers’ job satisfaction
Creators: name: Wong, Wen Jun
name: Aisyah Mohd Norzi
name: Swee Hung Ang
name: Chan, Chee Lee
name: Faeiz Syezri Adzmin Jaafar
name: Sheamini Sivasampu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Changes in job satisfaction among cohort group following EnPHC Interventions.
Additional file 3 of Distribution and diversity of olefins and olefin-biosynthesis genes in Gram-positive bacteria
Creators: name: Surger, Maximilian
name: Angelov, Angel
name: Liebl, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3.Kocuria strains. The total fatty acid and olefin chain lengths and isomer distributions, as well as absolute cellular amounts in complex medium. The values are the mean of at least two biological replicates. The error bars represent standard deviation. Except for Kocuria sp. MAW846M, which was
How the Brain might use Division
Creators: name: Greer, Kieran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the most fundamental questions in Biology or Artificial Intelligence is how the human brain performs mathematical functions. How does a neural architecture that may organise itself mostly through statistics, know what to do? One possibility is to extract the problem to something more abstract. This becomes clear when thinking about how the brain handles large numbers, for example to the power of something, when simply summing to an answer is not feasible. In this paper, the author suggests that the maths question can be answered more easily if the problem is changed into one of symbol manipulation and not just number counting. If symbols can be compared and manipulated, maybe without understanding completely what they are, then the mathematical operations become relative and some of them might even be rote learned. The proposed system may also be suggested as an alternative to the traditional computer binary system. Any of the actual maths still breaks down into binary operations, while a more symbolic level above that can manipulate the numbers and reduce the problem size, thus making the binary operations simpler. An interesting result of looking at this is the possibility of a new fractal equation resulting from division, that can be used as a measure of good fit and would help the brain decide how to solve something through self-replacement and a comparison with this good fit.
Free Trade and Sustainable Agriculture in the Caribbean
Creators: name: Deep Ford, J.R.
name: Deep Ford, J.R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy
International Development

description: This paper explores the possibilities of achieving sustainable development in the Caribbean in a free trade environment. The trade and agricultural dimensions of the changing internatinal economic framework are juxtaposed against the model of sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to international trade agreements that define the Caribbean's economic relationship with the rest of the world. The agricultural sector performance in the Caribbean in the 1980s is evaluated and lessons for achieving sustainable development through increased trade are derived.
Photoluminescence of single colour defects in 50 nm diamond nanocrystals
Creators: name: Treussart, F.
name: Jacques, V.
name: Wu, E.
name: Gacoin, T.
name: Grangier, P.
name: Roch, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used optical confocal microscopy to study optical properties of diamond 50 nm nanocrystals first irradiated with an electron beam, then dispersed as a colloidal solution and finally deposited on a silica slide. At room temperature, under CW laser excitation at a wavelength of 514.5 nm we observed perfectly photostable single Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) colour defects embedded in the nanocrystals. From the zero-phonon line around 575 nm in the spectrum of emitted light, we infer a neutral NV0 type of defect. Such nanoparticle with intrinsic fluorescence are highly promising for applications in biology where long-term emitting fluorescent bio-compatible nanoprobes are still missing.
description: proceedings of ICDS 23 conference (23rd International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors, July 24 - July 29, 2005, Awaji Island, Hyogo, Japan); to appear in "Physica B"
Additional file 2 of Clinical and cost effectiveness of staff training in the delivery of Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) for adults with intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder and challenging behaviour - randomised trial
Creators: name: Strydom, Andre
name: Bosco, Alessandro
name: Vickerstaff, Victoria
name: Hunter, Rachael
name: Hassiotis, Angela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Trial Consort Diagram (12 months). Adapted from Hassiotis et al. (2018). Reporting of study flow diagram per ASD diagnosis.
On Potentials from Fluxes
Creators: name: de Alwis, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the compactification of type IIB supergravity with fluxes to generate a potential for the moduli. In particular we resolve an apparent conflict with the no-go theorem for de Sitter space. It is shown that a positive potential for certain moduli is possible in situations where the volume modulus has no critical point. We also point out that the derivation of the potential is strictly valid only for a trivial warp factor. To go beyond that seems to require the inclusion of all the Kaluza-Klein excitations. We end with a discussion of the stabilization of the volume modulus.
description: 24 pages, changes in concluding section, added references
Benchmarking $^{136}$Xe Neutrinoless $ββ$ Decay Matrix Element Calculations with the $^{138}{\rm Ba}(p,t)$ Reaction
Creators: name: Rebeiro, B. M.
name: Triambak, S.
name: Garrett, P. E.
name: Brown, B. A.
name: Ball, G. C.
name: Lindsay, R.
name: Adsley, P.
name: Bildstein, V.
name: Burbadge, C.
name: Varela, A. Diaz
name: Faestermann, T.
name: Fang, D. L.
name: Hertenberger, R.
name: Horoi, M.
name: Jigmeddorj, B.
name: Kamil, M.
name: Leach, K. G.
name: Mabika, P. Z.
name: Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila
name: Orce, J. N.
name: Wirth, H. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used a high-resolution magnetic spectrograph to study neutron pair-correlated $0^+$ states in $^{136}$Ba, produced via the $^{138}{\rm Ba}(p,t)$ reaction. In conjunction with state-of-the-art shell model calculations, these data benchmark part of the dominant Gamow-Teller component of the nuclear matrix element (NME) for $^{136}$Xe neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay. We demonstrate for the first time an evaluation of part of a $0νββ$ decay NME by use of an experimental observable, presenting a new avenue of approach for more accurate calculations of $0νββ$ decay matrix elements.
Increasing biological complexity is positively correlated with the relative genome-wide expansion of non-protein-coding DNA sequences
Creators: name: Taft, R. J.
name: Mattick, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Prior to the current genomic era it was suggested that the number of protein-coding genes that an organism made use of was a valid measure of its complexity. It is now clear, however, that major incongruities exist and that there is only a weak relationship between biological complexity and the number of protein coding genes. For example, using the protein-coding gene number as a basis for evaluating biological complexity would make urochordates and insects less complex than nematodes, and humans less complex than rice. Results: We analyzed the ratio of noncoding to total genomic DNA (ncDNA/tgDNA) for 85 sequenced species and found that this ratio correlates well with increasing biological complexity. The ncDNA/tgDNA ratio is generally contained within the bandwidth of 0.05-0.24 for prokaryotes, but rises to 0.26-0.52 in unicellular eukaryotes, and to 0.62-0.985 for developmentally complex multicellular organisms. Significantly, prokaryotic species display a non-uniform species distribution approaching the mean of 0.1177 ncDNA/tgDNA (p=1.58 x 10^-13), and a nonlinear ncDNA/tgDNA relationship to genome size (r=0.15). Importantly, the ncDNA/tgDNA ratio corrects for ploidy, and is not substantially affected by variable loads of repetitive sequences. Conclusions: We suggest that the observed noncoding DNA increases and compositional patterns are primarily a function of increased information content. It is therefore possible that introns, intergenic sequences, repeat elements, and genomic DNA previously regarded as genetically inert may be far more important to the evolution and functional repertoire of complex organisms than has been previously appreciated.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
title: Clinical and immunological evaluation of new malaria vaccines encoding the Thrombospondin Related Adhesion Protein
Creators: name: Bejon, Philip
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: Malaria causes around 2 million deaths per year, and the mortality appears to be rising. A prophylactic vaccination is urgently needed. A viral vectored vaccination regimen has been developed in Oxford to induce T cell responses reactive to pre-erythrocytic antigens of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. I conducted a series of studies to evaluate the clinical outcome and immunological response to the vaccine. I analysed PCR data from experimental sporozoite challenge studies in the UK, and showed that vaccination reduced the numbers of parasites completing their pre-erythrocytic development. I conducted preliminary studies to explore the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination in adults and then children in Kilifi, Kenya.

Antigen insert, multiple versus single priming, different batches of vaccine (in one instance) and pre-vaccination immunity influenced the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of vaccination. Enhanced memory responses were seen with novel alternating vector regimens.

Having established immunogenicity, safety, and preliminary evidence of efficacy, I then conducted a large efficacy trial in the field, randomizing 406 children to either active vaccination or control. The primary outcome was time to first episode of febrile malaria. Although the regimen was immunogenic, the magnitude of T cell responses was lower than in previous studies. 346 children were vaccinated according to protocol. Episodes of febrile malaria were more frequent in the FFM ME-TRAP group (52/171 vs 401175 among controls), but this was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 2.08, P=0.55 by logrank). Among children vaccinated with FFM ME-TRAP, there was no correlation between immunogenicity and malaria incidence.

I examined factors in the cohort of children that may have influenced immunogenicity. Malaria was more immunosuppressive than other parasitic infections, and is therefore the factor most likely to impact the development of investigational T cell inducing vaccines in malaria endemic areas.
Additional file 1 of Clinical and cost effectiveness of staff training in the delivery of Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) for adults with intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder and challenging behaviour - randomised trial
Creators: name: Strydom, Andre
name: Bosco, Alessandro
name: Vickerstaff, Victoria
name: Hunter, Rachael
name: Hassiotis, Angela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Cost-effectiveness plane of costs and QALYs for PBS training and delivery compared to TAU from a health care cost perspective over 12 months
Additional file 2 of The effects of enhanced primary healthcare interventions on primary care providers’ job satisfaction
Creators: name: Wong, Wen Jun
name: Aisyah Mohd Norzi
name: Swee Hung Ang
name: Chan, Chee Lee
name: Faeiz Syezri Adzmin Jaafar
name: Sheamini Sivasampu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
You Drive Me Crazy! Interactive QoE Assessment for Telepresence Robot Control
Creators: name: Jahromi, Hamed Z.
name: Bartolec, Ivan
name: Gamboa, Edwin
name: Hines, Andrew
name: Schatz, Raimund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Telepresence robots (TPRs) are versatile, remotely controlled vehicles that enable physical presence and human-to-human interaction over a distance. Thanks to improving hardware and dropping price points, TPRs enjoy the growing interest in various industries and application domains. Still, a satisfying experience remains key for their acceptance and successful adoption, not only in terms of enabling remote communication with others, but also in terms of managing robot mobility by means of remote navigation. This paper focuses on the latter aspect of remote operation which has been hitherto neglected. We present the results of an extensive subjective study designed to systematically assess remote navigation Quality of Experience (QoE) in the context of using a TPR live over the Internet. Participants were 'beamed' into a remote office space and asked to perform characteristic TPR remote operation tasks (driving, turning, parking). Visual and control dimensions of their experience were systematically impaired by altering network characteristics (bandwidth, delay and packet loss rate) in a controlled fashion. Our results show that users can differentiate well between visual and navigation/control aspects of their experience. Furthermore, QoE impairment sensitivity varies with the actual task at hand.
Additional file 2 of Distribution and diversity of olefins and olefin-biosynthesis genes in Gram-positive bacteria
Creators: name: Surger, Maximilian
name: Angelov, Angel
name: Liebl, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2.Brevibacterium/Curtobacterium strains. The total fatty acid and olefin chain lengths and isomer distributions, as well as absolute cellular amounts in complex medium. The values are the mean of at least two biological replicates. The error bars represent standard deviation. Except for Brevibacterium casei (Schleifer, 492), which was
Observation of an Exotic S = -2, Q = -2 Baryon Resonance in Proton-Proton Collisions at the CERN SPS
Creators: name: NA49 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results of resonance searches in the Xi- pi-, Xi- pi+, antiXi+ pi- and antiXi+ pi+ invariant mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s}=17.2 GeV are presented. Evidence is shown for the existence of a narrow Xi- pi- baryon resonance with mass of 1.862+/-0.002 GeV/c^2 and width below the detector resolution of about 0.018 GeV/c^2. The significance is estimated to be 4.0 sigma. This state is a candidate for the hypothetical exotic Xi_(3/2)^-- baryon with S = -2, I = 3/2 and a quark content of (d s d s ubar). At the same mass a peak is observed in the Xi- pi+ spectrum which is a candidate for the Xi_(3/2)^0 member of this isospin quartet with a quark content of (d s u s dbar). The corresponding antibaryon spectra also show enhancements at the same invariant mass.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The art, science and mystery of nonprofit news assessment
Creators: name: Lewis, Charles R.
name: Niles, Hilary
Publisher: name: Investigative Reporting Workshop: American University School of Communication
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4701
subject: Communication and media studies

description: This report seeks to answer the two-pronged question, “What is ‘impact,’ and how can it be measured consistently across nonprofit newsrooms?” A review of recent, relevant literature and our informal conversations with experts in the field reveal growing ambitions toward the goal of developing a common framework for assessing journalism’s impact, yet few definitive conclusions about how exactly to reach that framework. This is especially the case when journalism’s “impact” is defined by its ultimate social outcomes — not merely the familiar metrics of audience reach and website traffic. As with all journalism, the frame defines the story, and audience is all-important. Defining “impact” as a social outcome proves a complicated proposition that generally evolves according to the constituency attempting to define it. Because various stakeholders have their own reasons for wanting to measure the impact of news, understanding those interests is an essential step in crafting measurement tools and interpreting the metrics they produce. Limitations of impact assessment arise from several sources: the assumptions invariably made about the product and its outcome; the divergent and overlapping categories into which nonprofit journalism falls in the digital age; and the intractable problem of attempting to quantify “quality.” These formidable challenges, though, don’t seem to deter people from posing and attempting to find answers to the impact question. Various models for assessing impact are continually being tinkered with, and lessons from similar efforts in other fields offer useful insight for this journalistic endeavor. And past research has pointed to specific needs and suggestions for ways to advance the effort. From all of this collective wisdom, several principles emerge as the cornerstones upon which to build a common framework for impact assessment.
Observational Constraints on Cosmic String Production During Brane Inflation
Creators: name: Pogosian, Levon
name: Tye, S. -H. Henry
name: Wasserman, Ira
name: Wyman, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Overall, brane inflation is compatible with the recent analysis of the WMAP data. Here we explore the constraints of WMAP and 2dFGRS data on the various brane inflationary scenarios. Brane inflation naturally ends with the production of cosmic strings, which may provide a way to distinguish these models observationally. We argue that currently available data cannot exclude a non-negligible contribution from cosmic strings definitively. We perform a partial statistical analysis of mixed models that include a sub-dominant contribution from cosmic strings. Although the data favor models without cosmic strings, we conclude that they cannot definitively rule out a cosmic-string-induced contribution of $\sim 10 %$ to the observed temperature, polarization and galaxy density fluctuations. These results imply that $Gμ\lesssim 3.5\times 10^{-7}(λ/0.25)\sqrt{B/0.1}$, where $λ$ is a dimensionless parameter related to the interstring distance, and $B$ measures the importance of perturbations induced by cosmic strings. We argue that, conservatively, the data available currently still permit $B\lesssim 0.1$. Precision measurements sensitive to the B-mode polarization produced by vector density perturbation modes driven by the string network could provide evidence for these models. Accurate determinations of $n_s(k)$, the scalar fluctuation index, could also distinguish among various brane inflation models.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. A few errors in the computer code used to calculated CMB anistotropy from strings are fixed, resulting in a somewhat tighter bound on G\mu and an enhanced B-mode polarization. Details of the corrected errors and their implications can be found in astro-ph/0604141
Desynchronization and Wave Pattern Formation in MPI-Parallel and Hybrid Memory-Bound Programs
Creators: name: Afzal, Ayesha
name: Hager, Georg
name: Wellein, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Analytic, first-principles performance modeling of distributed-memory parallel codes is notoriously imprecise. Even for applications with extremely regular and homogeneous compute-communicate phases, simply adding communication time to computation time does often not yield a satisfactory prediction of parallel runtime due to deviations from the expected simple lockstep pattern caused by system noise, variations in communication time, and inherent load imbalance. In this paper, we highlight the specific cases of provoked and spontaneous desynchronization of memory-bound, bulk-synchronous pure MPI and hybrid MPI+OpenMP programs. Using simple microbenchmarks we observe that although desynchronization can introduce increased waiting time per process, it does not necessarily cause lower resource utilization but can lead to an increase in available bandwidth per core. In case of significant communication overhead, even natural noise can shove the system into a state of automatic overlap of communication and computation, improving the overall time to solution. The saturation point, i.e., the number of processes per memory domain required to achieve full memory bandwidth, is pivotal in the dynamics of this process and the emerging stable wave pattern. We also demonstrate how hybrid MPI-OpenMP programming can prevent desirable desynchronization by eliminating the bandwidth bottleneck among processes. A Chebyshev filter diagonalization application is used to demonstrate some of the observed effects in a realistic setting.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Fruit and Vegetables: Their Importance in the American Diet
Creators: name: Guthrie, Joanne F.
name: Zizza, Claire
name: Raper, Nancy
name: Guthrie, Joanne F.
name: Zizza, Claire
name: Raper, Nancy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Fruit and vegetables play an important role in the American diet. They are good sources of many essential vitamins and minerals, low in fat, and high in dietary fiber and complex carbohydrates. Encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption is a major emphasis of the Federal Government's dietary guidance policy. "Choose a diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits, and grain products," is one of the seven basic recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the official statement of Federal dietary guidance policy, which is published jointly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (see "Animal Products: Their Contribution to a Balanced Diet," elsewhere in this issue). Since the early 1900's, food guides from USDA have urged Americans to include plenty of fruit and vegetables in their daily diet. Yet consumption of fruit and vegetables continues to fall below recommended amounts. To address this problem, public and private organizations are instituting programs aimed at consumer education. Nutrition labeling may also increase consumers' awareness of the nutritional value of fruit and vegetables and promote consumption.
The art, science and mystery of nonprofit news assessment
Creators: name: Lewis, Charles R.
name: Niles, Hilary
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This report seeks to answer the two-pronged question, “What is ‘impact,’ and how can it be measured consistently across nonprofit newsrooms?” A review of recent, relevant literature and our informal conversations with experts in the field reveal growing ambitions toward the goal of developing a common framework for assessing journalism’s impact, yet few definitive conclusions about how exactly to reach that framework. This is especially the case when journalism’s “impact” is defined by its ultimate social outcomes — not merely the familiar metrics of audience reach and website traffic. As with all journalism, the frame defines the story, and audience is all-important. Defining “impact” as a social outcome proves a complicated proposition that generally evolves according to the constituency attempting to define it. Because various stakeholders have their own reasons for wanting to measure the impact of news, understanding those interests is an essential step in crafting measurement tools and interpreting the metrics they produce. Limitations of impact assessment arise from several sources: the assumptions invariably made about the product and its outcome; the divergent and overlapping categories into which nonprofit journalism falls in the digital age; and the intractable problem of attempting to quantify “quality.” These formidable challenges, though, don’t seem to deter people from posing and attempting to find answers to the impact question. Various models for assessing impact are continually being tinkered with, and lessons from similar efforts in other fields offer useful insight for this journalistic endeavor. And past research has pointed to specific needs and suggestions for ways to advance the effort. From all of this collective wisdom, several principles emerge as the cornerstones upon which to build a common framework for impact assessment.
On Exact Superpotentials, Free Energies and Matrix Models
Creators: name: Hailu, Girma
name: Georgi, Howard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss exact results for the full nonperturbative effective superpotentials of four dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric U(N) gauge theories with additional chiral superfield in the adjoint representation and the free energies of the related zero dimensional bosonic matrix models with polynomial potentials in the planar limit using the Dijkgraaf-Vafa matrix model prescription and integrating in and out. The exact effective superpotentials are produced including the leading Veneziano-Yankielowicz term directly from the matrix models. We also discuss how to use integrating in and out as a tool to do random matrix integrals in the large $N$ limit.
description: 14 pages; v2: typos corrected; v3: the scheme for computing exact superpotentials including both the Veneziano-Yankielowicz term and all instanton corrections directly using matrix models is emphasized and references added, to appear in JHEP
The WIC Program Meets a Special Need
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Masao
name: Matsumoto, Masao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides food assistance to low-income women, infants, and children who are nutritionally or medically at risk. Launched in 1974, WIC provides supplemental food, nutrition education, and access to health services. Support for WIC has grown along with increasing evidence that the program's benefits to public health exceed its costs. For example, WIC's share of food assistance expenditures grew to 8 percent in 1991 from 5 percent in 1980. Average monthly participation in 1991 was over 250 percent higher than in 1980 (table 1).
Learning Whole-body Motor Skills for Humanoids
Creators: name: Yang, Chuanyu
name: Yuan, Kai
name: Merkt, Wolfgang
name: Komura, Taku
name: Vijayakumar, Sethu
name: Li, Zhibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a hierarchical framework for Deep Reinforcement Learning that acquires motor skills for a variety of push recovery and balancing behaviors, i.e., ankle, hip, foot tilting, and stepping strategies. The policy is trained in a physics simulator with realistic setting of robot model and low-level impedance control that are easy to transfer the learned skills to real robots. The advantage over traditional methods is the integration of high-level planner and feedback control all in one single coherent policy network, which is generic for learning versatile balancing and recovery motions against unknown perturbations at arbitrary locations (e.g., legs, torso). Furthermore, the proposed framework allows the policy to be learned quickly by many state-of-the-art learning algorithms. By comparing our learned results to studies of preprogrammed, special-purpose controllers in the literature, self-learned skills are comparable in terms of disturbance rejection but with additional advantages of producing a wide range of adaptive, versatile and robust behaviors.
description: 2018 IEEE-RAS 18th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)
FragNet: Writer Identification using Deep Fragment Networks
Creators: name: He, Sheng
name: Schomaker, Lambert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Writer identification based on a small amount of text is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a new benchmark study for writer identification based on word or text block images which approximately contain one word. In order to extract powerful features on these word images, a deep neural network, named FragNet, is proposed. The FragNet has two pathways: feature pyramid which is used to extract feature maps and fragment pathway which is trained to predict the writer identity based on fragments extracted from the input image and the feature maps on the feature pyramid. We conduct experiments on four benchmark datasets, which show that our proposed method can generate efficient and robust deep representations for writer identification based on both word and page images.
Feasibility and suitability of a graded exercise test in patients with aggressive hemato-oncological disease
Creators: name: Großek, Anja
name: Elter, Thomas
name: Oberste, Max
name: Wolf, Florian
name: Joisten, Niklas
name: Hartig, Philipp
name: Walzik, David
name: Rosenberger, Friederike
name: Kiesl, David
name: Wahl, Patrick
name: Bloch, Wilhelm
name: Zimmer, Philipp
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Acute leukemia
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Exercise test
subject: ACSM criteria
subject: 796
subject: Akute Leukämie
subject: Lymphom
subject: Belastungstest

description: Purpose Physical activity promises to reduce disease-related symptoms and therapy-related side effects in patients suffering from aggressive lymphoma (L) or acute leukemia (AL). For an efficient training program, determination of patients’ physical capacity with a purposive exercise test is crucial. Here, we evaluated the feasibility and suitability of a graded exercise test (GXT) frequently applied in patients suffering from solid tumors by assessing whether patients achieved criteria for maximal exercise testing according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Methods The GXT was performed by 51 patients with an aggressive L or AL prior to the start or in the earliest possible phase of high-dose chemotherapy, following a recommended protocol for cancer patients, starting at 20 Watts (W), with an increase of 10 W/min until volitional exhaustion. Subsequently, we investigated whether the following ACSM criteria were fulfilled: (1) failure of heart rate to increase despite increasing workload, (2) post-exercise capillary lactate concentration ≥ 8.0 mmol L−1, (3) rating of perceived exertion at exercise cessation > 17 on the 6–20 Borg Scale. Results Out of 51 patients, two, six, and 35 participants met the first, second, and third criterion, respectively. No relevant relationships between the completion of the criteria and patients’ characteristics (e.g., gender, age) were found. Conclusion Although results of this study suggest a general feasibility of the applied GXT, the ACSM criteria were not met by the majority of the participants. Therefore, this study raises doubts about the suitability of the GXT protocol and the ACSM criteria for this group of patients.
description: Support Care Cancer;
title: Privacy in Maternity Care Environments: Exploring Perspectives of Mothers, Midwives and Student Midwives
Creators: name: Burden, Barbara
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: This thesis explores the concept of privacy in maternity care environments through the beliefs and perceptions of mothers (during pregnancy and after birth), student midwives and midwives. The study was designed in response to practice concerns raised by midwives and an increase in professional healthcare documentation, highlighting the need to maintain and enhance the privacy of patients. Literature reviewed showed a sparse understanding of the concept of privacy in relation to healthcare and highlighted disparity between subject disciplines' interpretations of privacy. A grounded theory methodology was used to explore participants' interpretation of privacy in relation to their experiences, thus interpreting it from the perspective of users of the service and healthcare professionals. Data collection methods included focus groups, interviews, and participant observation. Results show that mothers do have several areas of concern about privacy and base their perceptions of privacy on their ability to retain credibility as a mother when in the company of others and are linked to their perception of 'loss of face', whereas midwives consider mothers' privacy in relation to their perception of the environment as a place of employment Students' perceptions of privacy were based on their own prior personal experiences and their knowledge as soon-to-be midwives, seeing themselves as a voice for both mothers and midwives. Recommendations for practice are provided and a new practice based tool is designed with a view to helping midwives determine and address the privacy needs of mothers. The research concludes with recommendations for those involved in the provision and development of care for mothers and for subsequent research.
Instability threshold in a large balanced magneto-optical trap
Creators: name: Gaudesius, Marius
name: Kaiser, Robin
name: Labeyrie, Guillaume
name: Zhang, Yongchang
name: Pohl, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large clouds of cold atoms prepared in a magneto-optical trap can develop spatio-temporal instabilities when the frequency of the trapping lasers is brought close to the atomic resonance. This system bears close similarities with trapped plasmas, whereby effective Coulomb interactions are induced by the exchange of scattered photons and lead to collective nonlinear dynamics of the trapped atoms. We report in this paper a detailed experimental study of the instability threshold, and comparisons with three-dimensional simulations of the interacting, laser-driven cloud.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Quantum mechanical analysis of the equilateral triangle billiard: periodic orbit theory and wave packet revivals
Creators: name: Doncheski, M. A.
name: Robinett, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the fact that the energy eigenstates of the equilateral triangle infinite well (or billiard) are available in closed form, we examine the connections between the energy eigenvalue spectrum and the classical closed paths in this geometry, using both periodic orbit theory and the short-term semi-classical behavior of wave packets. We also discuss wave packet revivals and show that there are exact revivals, for all wave packets, at times given by $T_{rev} = 9 μa^2/4\hbar π$ where $a$ and $μ$ are the length of one side and the mass of the point particle respectively. We find additional cases of exact revivals with shorter revival times for zero-momentum wave packets initially located at special symmetry points inside the billiard. Finally, we discuss simple variations on the equilateral ($60^{\circ}-60^{\circ}-60^{\circ}$) triangle, such as the half equilateral ($30^{\circ}-60^{\circ}-90^{\circ}$) triangle and other `foldings', which have related energy spectra and revival structures.
description: 34 pages, 9 embedded .eps figures
The pairing glue in cuprate superconductors from the self-energy revealed via machine learning
Creators: name: Chubukov, Andrey V.
name: Schmalian, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, machine learning was applied to extract both the normal and the anomalous components of the self-energy from photoemission data at the antinodal points in Bi-based cuprate high-temperature superconductors [Y. Yamaji {\it et al.}, arXiv:1903.08060]. It was argued that both components do show prominent peaks near 50 meV, which hold information about the pairing glue, but the peaks are hidden in the actual data, which measure only the total self-energy. We analyze the self-energy within an effective fermion-boson theory. We show that soft thermal fluctuations give rise to peaks in both components of the self-energy at a frequency comparable to superconducting gap, while they cancel in the total self-energy; all irrespective of the nature of the pairing boson. However, in the quantum limit $T \to 0$ prominent peaks survive only for a very restricted subclass of pairing interactions. We argue that the way to potentially nail down the pairing boson is to determine the thermal evolution of the peaks.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Excitation Function of and Net Charge Fluctuations at RHIC
Creators: name: Pruneau, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of net charge and transverse momentum fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at ?sNN = 20, 130, and 200 GeV reported in our QM 2004 poster using measures ?+-,dyn and . We observe the dynamical fluctuations are finite at all three energies and exhibit a rather modest dependence on beam energy. We also find both net charge and pt fluctuations violate the trivial 1/N scaling expected for nuclear collisions consisting of independent nucleon-nucleon interactions. We speculate the observed centrality dependence arises due to radial flow and might provide insight on the width and shape of the radial flow profile.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, Poster presented at Quark Matter 2004
Omnidirectional flexural invisibility of multiple interacting voids in vibrating elastic plates
Creators: name: Misseroni, D.
name: Movchan, A. B.
name: Bigoni, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In elasticity, the design of a cloaking for an inclusion or a void to leave a vibrational field unperturbed by its presence, so to achieve its invisibility, is a thoroughly analyzed, but still unchallenged, mechanical problem. The 'cloaking transformation' concept, originally developed in electromagnetism and optics, is not directly applicable to elastic waves, displaying a complex vectorial nature. Consequently, all examples of elastic cloaking presented so far involve complex design and thick coating skins. These cloakings often work only for problems of unidirectional propagation, within narrow ranges of frequency, and considering only one colaked object. Here, a new method based on the concept of reinforcement, achieved via elastic stiffening and mass redistribution, is introduced to cloak multiple voids in an elastic plate. This simple technique produces invisibility of the voids to flexural waves within an extremely broad range of frequencies and thus surpassing in many aspects all existing cloaking techniques. The proposed design principle is applicable in mechanical problems ranging from the micro-scale to the scale of civil engineering. For instance, our results show how to design a perforated load-bearing building wall, vibrating during an earthquake exactly as the same wall, but unperforated, a new finding for seismic protection.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Unified Theory of Fundamental Interactions
Creators: name: Wu, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on local gauge invariance, four different kinds of fundamental interactions in Nature are unified in a theory which has $SU(3)_c \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes U(1) \otimes_s Gravitational Gauge Group$ gauge symmetry. In this approach, gravitational field, like electromagnetic field, intermediate gauge field and gluon field, is represented by gauge potential. Four kinds of fundamental interactions are formulated in the similar manner, and therefore can be unified in a direct or semi-direct product group. The model discussed in this paper can be regarded as extension of the standard model to gravitational interactions. The model discussed in this paper is a renormalizable quantum model, so it can be used to study quantum effects of gravitational interactions.
description: 23 pages, no figure