cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two years of explicit CiTO annotations
Creators: name: Willighagen, Egon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Citation Typing Ontology

description: Abstract: Citations are an essential aspect of research communication and have become the basis of many metrics in the academic world. Some see citation counts as a mark of scientific impact or even quality, but in reality the reasons for citing other work are manifold which makes the interpretation more complicated than a single citation count can reflect. Two years ago, the *Journal of Cheminformatics* proposed the CiTO Pilot for the adoption of a practice of annotating citations with their citation intentions.
 Basically, when you cite a journal article or dataset (or any other source), you also explain why specifically you cite that source. Particularly, the agreement and disagreement and reuse of methods and data are of interest. This article explores what happened after the launch of the pilot. We summarize how authors in the *Journal of Cheminformatics* used the pilot, shows citation annotations are distributed with Wikidata, visualized with Scholia, discusses adoption outside BMC, and ponders about what needs to happen next.
kNN-Embed: Locally Smoothed Embedding Mixtures For Multi-interest Candidate Retrieval
Creators: name: El-Kishky, Ahmed
name: Markovich, Thomas
name: Leung, Kenny
name: Portman, Frank
name: Haghighi, Aria
name: Xiao, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Candidate retrieval is the first stage in recommendation systems, where a light-weight system is used to retrieve potentially relevant items for an input user. These candidate items are then ranked and pruned in later stages of recommender systems using a more complex ranking model. As the top of the recommendation funnel, it is important to retrieve a high-recall candidate set to feed into downstream ranking models. A common approach is to leverage approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search from a single dense query embedding; however, this approach this can yield a low-diversity result set with many near duplicates. As users often have multiple interests, candidate retrieval should ideally return a diverse set of candidates reflective of the user's multiple interests. To this end, we introduce kNN-Embed, a general approach to improving diversity in dense ANN-based retrieval. kNN-Embed represents each user as a smoothed mixture over learned item clusters that represent distinct "interests" of the user. By querying each of a user's mixture component in proportion to their mixture weights, we retrieve a high-diversity set of candidates reflecting elements from each of a user's interests. We experimentally compare kNN-Embed to standard ANN candidate retrieval, and show significant improvements in overall recall and improved diversity across three datasets. Accompanying this work, we open source a large Twitter follow-graph dataset (https://huggingface.co/datasets/Twitter/TwitterFollowGraph), to spur further research in graph-mining and representation learning for recommender systems.
description: Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023 (PAKDD 2023)
Biomimetic Cloning of Quantum Observables
Creators: name: Alvarez-Rodriguez, U.
name: Sanz, M.
name: Lamata, L.
name: Solano, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a bio-inspired sequential quantum protocol for the cloning and preservation of the statistics associated to quantum observables of a given system. It combines the cloning of a set of commuting observables, permitted by the no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems, with a controllable propagation of the initial state coherences to the subsequent generations. The protocol mimics the scenario in which an individual in an unknown quantum state copies and propagates its quantum information into an environment of blank qubits. Finally, we propose a realistic experimental implementation of this protocol in trapped ions.
description: 6+2 pages, 3 figures, Published in Scientific Reports
Multipole solution of hydrodynamics and higher order harmonics
Creators: name: Csanad, Mate
name: Szabo, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time evolution of the medium created in heavy ion collisions can be described by hydrodynamical models. After expansion and cooling, the hadrons are created in a freeze-out. Their distribution describes the final state of this medium. In particular their azimuthal asymmetry, characterized by the elliptic flow coefficient $v_2$, is one of the most important observables in heavy ion physics. In recent years it has been revealed that if measuring relative to higher order event planes $Ψ_n$, higher order flow coefficients $v_n$ for $n>2$ can be measured. This is due to initial state fluctuations, previously not described by analytic solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics. In this paper we show the first solutions that utilize higher order asymmetries and thus yield realistic $v_n$ flow coefficients. It is a clear consequence of this that different flow patterns may lead to the same observed flow coefficients. We also compare our results to PHENIX measurements and determine a possible parameter set corresponding to these data.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. C
Early Concepts
Creators: name: Mirrashid, Mohammad Mahdi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Relational Quantum Mechanics
Emergent Time
Quantum Cognition
Neural Causality
Reinforcement Computational Model
Quantum Bundles

description: These notes represent early conceptual ideas that informed Measure Reinforcement: Emergent Causality From Quantum Interactions. They explore foundational questions about neural causality, emergent time, and quantum phenomena, serving as a precursor to the main framework.
Isogeometric Hierarchical Model Reduction for advection-diffusion process simulation in microchannels
Creators: name: Perotto, Simona
name: Bellini, Gloria
name: Ballarin, Francesco
name: Calò, Karol
name: Mazzi, Valentina
name: Morbiducci, Umberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Microfluidics proved to be a key technology in various applications, allowing to reproduce large-scale laboratory settings at a more sustainable small-scale. The current effort is focused on enhancing the mixing process of different passive species at the micro-scale, where a laminar flow regime damps turbulence effects. Chaotic advection is often used to improve mixing effects also at very low Reynolds numbers. In particular, we focus on passive micromixers, where chaotic advection is mainly achieved by properly selecting the geometry of microchannels. In such a context, reduced order modeling can play a role, especially in the design of new geometries. In this chapter, we verify the reliability and the computational benefits lead by a Hierarchical Model (HiMod) reduction when modeling the transport of a passive scalar in an S-shaped microchannel. Such a geometric configuration provides an ideal setting where to apply a HiMod approximation, which exploits the presence of a leading dynamics to commute the original three-dimensional model into a system of one-dimensional coupled problems. It can be proved that HiMod reduction guarantees a very good accuracy when compared with a high-fidelity model, despite a drastic reduction in terms of number of unknowns.
description: 17 pages
A Novel Formulation by Lagrangian Variational Principle for Rotational Equilibria: Toward Multi-Dimensional Stellar Evolutions
Creators: name: Yasutake, Nobutoshi
name: Fujisawa, Kotaro
name: Yamada, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a new formulation to obtain self-gravitating, axisymmetric configurations in permanent rotation. The formulation is based on the Lagrangian variational principle, and treats not only barotropic but also baroclinic equations of state, for which angular momentum distributions are not necessarily cylindrical. We adopt a Monte Carlo technique, which is analogous to those employed in other fields, e.g. nuclear physics, in minimizing the energy functional, which is evaluated on a triangulated mesh. This letter is a proof of principle and detailed comparisons with existing results will be reported in the sequel, but some test calculations are presented, in which we have achieved an error of $O(10^{-4})$ in the Virial relation. We have in mind the application of this method to two-dimensional calculations of the evolutions of rotating stars, for which the Lagrangian formulation is best suited.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publishing in MNRAS Letters
« L'alimentation dans l'œuvre en prose d'Emmanuel Delbousquet. », Emmanuel Delbousquet. Œuvres complètes, t. 5: œuvre poétique et colloque Gabarret Sos 2001, Dax/Nérac, Société de Borda/ Amis du Vieux Nérac, 2002, pp. 215-224.
Creators: name: Duhart, Frédéric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Anthropology of food
Regional Literature
Food in Fiction
Literature and Food
France du Sud-Ouest

description: De la nécessaire nutrition au plaisir gastronomique, la plume d’E. Delbousquet parcourt le champ alimentaire sur toute son étendue, non pour créer du pittoresque mais pour servir la dynamique du récit et appuyer certaines des thèses chères à l’auteur qui y affleurent parfois. Bien plus que dans le réalisme des descriptions, l’intérêt historique de la production du chantre du Gabardan se trouve dans cette utilisation du motif alimentaire à l’intérieur de l’œuvre d’un auteur régionaliste de la charnière des XIXe et XXe siècles (une période par ailleurs essentielle dans l’histoire des cuisines du Sud-Ouest puisqu’elle voit paraître Le cuisinier landais et Le traité de cuisine bourgeoise bordelaise).

Multiforme, l’évocation de l’alimentation est très présente dans les écrits d’E. Delbousquet ; au cœur des récits, elle participe à la définition de cadres temporels ou sociaux et contribue à une réflexion sur l’identité.
The secular evolution of the Kuiper belt after a close stellar encounter
Creators: name: Punzo, D.
name: Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.
name: Zwart, S. Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the effects of the perturbation caused by a passing by star on the Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) of our Solar System. The dynamics of the Kuiper belt (KB) is followed by direct $N$-body simulations. The sampling of the KB has been done with $N$ up to $131,062$, setting the KBOs on initially nearly circular orbits distributed in a ring of surface density $Σ\sim r^{-2}$. This modelization allowed us to investigate the secular evolution of the KB upon the encounter with the perturbing star. Actually, the encounter itself usually leads toward eccentricity and inclination distributions similar to observed ones, but tends also to excite the low-eccentricity population ($e < 0.1$ around $a\sim 40$\,$\mathrm{AU}$ from the Sun), depleting this region of low eccentricities. The following long-term evolution shows a "cooling" of the eccentricities repopulating the low-eccentricity area. In dependence on the assumed KBO mass spectrum and sampled number of bodies, this repopulation takes place in a time that goes from 0.5 Myr to 100 Myr. Due to the unavoidable limitation in the number of objects in our long-term simulations ($N \leq 16384$), we could not consider a detailed KBO mass spectrum, accounting for low mass objects, thus our present simulations are not reliable in constraining correlations among inclination distribution of the KBOs and other properties, such as their size distribution. However, our high precision long term simulations are a starting point for future larger studies on massively parallel computational platforms which will provide a deeper investigation of the secular evolution ($\sim 100\,$Myr) of the KB over its whole mass spectrum.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables
Determining the Dark Matter Particle Mass through Antler Topology Processes at Lepton Colliders
Creators: name: Christensen, Neil D.
name: Han, Tao
name: Qian, Zhuoni
name: Sayre, Josh
name: Song, Jeonghyeon
name: Stefanus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the kinematic cusps and endpoints of processes with the "antler topology" as a way to measure the masses of the parity-odd missing particle and the intermediate parent at a high energy lepton collider. The fixed center of mass energy at a lepton collider makes many new physics processes suitable for the study of the antler decay topology. It also provides new kinematic observables with cusp structures, optimal for the missing mass determination. We also study realistic effects on these observables, including initial state radiation, beamstrahlung, acceptance cuts, and detector resolution. We find that the new observables, such as the reconstructed invariant mass of invisible particles and the summed energy of the observable final state particles, appear to be more stable than the commonly considered energy endpoints against realistic factors and are very efficient at measuring the missing particle mass. For the sake of illustration, we study smuon pair production and chargino pair production within the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We adopt the log-likelihood method to optimize the analysis. We find that at the 500 GeV ILC, a precision of approximately 0.5 GeV can be achieved in the case of smuon production with a leptonic final state, and approximately 2 GeV in the case of chargino production with a hadronic final state.
description: Detector simulations implemented; results updated
CBI-time-changed Lévy processes
Creators: name: Fontana, Claudio
name: Gnoatto, Alessandro
name: Szulda, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce and study the class of CBI-time-changed Lévy processes (CBITCL), obtained by time-changing a Lévy process with respect to an integrated continuous-state branching process with immigration (CBI). We characterize CBITCL processes as solutions to a certain stochastic integral equation and relate them to affine stochastic volatility processes. We provide a complete analysis of the time of explosion of exponential moments of CBITCL processes and study their asymptotic behavior. In addition, we show that CBITCL processes are stable with respect to a suitable class of equivalent changes of measure. As illustrated by some examples, CBITCL processes are flexible and tractable processes with a significant potential for applications in finance.
Continuous-Variable Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Creators: name: Li, Zhengyu
name: Zhang, Yi-Chen
name: Xu, Feihu
name: Peng, Xiang
name: Guo, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI QKD) protocol, in which detection is conducted by an untrusted third party. Our protocol can defend all detector side channels, which seriously threaten the security of a practical CV QKD system. Its security analysis against arbitrary collective attacks is derived based on the fact that the entanglement-based scheme of CV-MDI QKD is equivalent to the conventional CV QKD with coherent states and heterodyne detection. We find that the maximal total transmission distance is achieved by setting the untrusted third party close to one of the legitimate users. Furthermore, an alternate detection scheme, a special application of CV-MDI QKD, is proposed to enhance the security of the standard CV QKD system.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Superconductivity induced by gate-driven hydrogen intercalation in the charge-density-wave compound 1T-TiSe2
Creators: name: Piatti, Erik
name: Prando, Giacomo
name: Meinero, Martina
name: Tresca, Cesare
name: Putti, Marina
name: Roddaro, Stefano
name: Lamura, Gianrico
name: Shiroka, Toni
name: Carretta, Pietro
name: Profeta, Gianni
name: Daghero, Dario
name: Gonnelli, Renato S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen (H) plays a key role in the near-to-room temperature superconductivity of hydrides at megabar pressures. This suggests that H doping could have similar effects on the electronic and phononic spectra of materials at ambient pressure as well. Here, we demonstrate the non-volatile control of the electronic ground state of titanium diselenide (1T-TiSe$_2$) via ionic liquid gating-driven H intercalation. This protonation induces a superconducting phase, observed together with a charge-density wave through most of the phase diagram, with nearly doping-independent transition temperatures. The H-induced superconducting phase is possibly gapless-like and multi-band in nature, in contrast with those induced in TiSe$_2$ via copper, lithium, and electrostatic doping. This unique behavior is supported by ab initio calculations showing that high concentrations of H dopants induce a full reconstruction of the bandstructure, although with little coupling between electrons and high-frequency H phonons. Our findings provide a promising approach for engineering the ground state of transition metal dichalcogenides and other layered materials via gate-controlled protonation.
description: Main text: 13 pages, 5 figures; Supplementary: 12 pages, 12 figures
Relating phase field and sharp interface approaches to structural topology optimization
Creators: name: Blank, Luise
name: Farshbaf-Shaker, Hassan
name: Garcke, Harald
name: Styles, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Structural topology optimization, linear elasticity, phase-field method, first order conditions, matched asymptotic expansions, shape calculus, numerical simulations
subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: 49Q10
subject: 74P10
subject: 49Q20
subject: 74P05
subject: 65M60

description: A phase field approach for structural topology optimization which allows for topology changes and multiple materials is analyzed. First order optimality conditions are rigorously derived and it is shown via formally matched asymptotic expansions that these conditions converge to classical first order conditions obtained in the context of shape calculus. We also discuss how to deal with triple junctions where e.g. two materials and the void meet. Finally, we present several numerical results for mean compliance problems and a cost involving the least square error to a target displacement.
Titan's atmosphere as observed by Cassini/VIMS solar occultations: CH$_4$, CO and evidence for C$_2$H$_6$ absorption
Creators: name: Maltagliati, L.
name: Bézard, B.
name: Vinatier, S.
name: Hedman, M. M.
name: Lellouch, E.
name: Nicholson, P. D.
name: Sotin, C.
name: de Kok, R. J.
name: Sicardy, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the VIMS solar occultations dataset, which allows us to extract vertically resolved information on the characteristics of Titan's atmosphere between 100-700 km with a characteristic vertical resolution of 10 km. After a series of data treatment procedures, 4 occultations out of 10 are retained. This sample covers different seasons and latitudes of Titan. The transmittances show clearly the evolution of the haze and detect the detached layer at 310 km in Sept. 2011 at mid-northern latitudes. Through the inversion of the transmission spectra with a line-by-line radiative transfer code we retrieve the vertical distribution of CH$_4$ and CO mixing ratio. The two methane bands at 1.4 and 1.7 μm are always in good agreement and yield an average stratospheric abundance of $1.28\pm0.08$%. This is significantly less than the value of 1.48% obtained by the GCMS/Huygens instrument. The analysis of the residual spectra after the inversion shows that there are additional absorptions which affect a great part of the VIMS wavelength range. We attribute many of these additional bands to gaseous ethane, whose near-infrared spectrum is not well modeled yet. Ethane contributes significantly to the strong absorption between 3.2-3.5 μm that was previously attributed only to C-H stretching bands from aerosols. Ethane bands may affect the surface windows too, especially at 2.7 μm. Other residual bands are generated by stretching modes of C-H, C-C and C-N bonds. In addition to the C-H stretch from aliphatic hydrocarbons at 3.4 μm, we detect a strong and narrow absorption at 3.28 μm which we tentatively attribute to the presence of PAHs in the stratosphere. C-C and C-N stretching bands are possibly present between 4.3-4.5 μm. Finally, we obtain the CO mixing ratio between 70-170 km. The average result of $46\pm16$ ppm is in good agreement with previous studies.
description: 51 pages, 28 figures
Additional file 1 of Remifentanil vs. dexmedetomidine for cardiac surgery patients with noninvasive ventilation intolerance: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Hao, Guang-wei
name: Wu, Jia-qing
name: Yu, Shen-ji
name: Liu, Kai
name: Xue, Yan
name: Gong, Qian
name: Xie, Rong-cheng
name: Ma, Guo-guang
name: Su, Ying
name: Hou, Jun-yi
name: zhang, Yi-jie
name: Liu, Wen-jun
name: Li, Wei
name: Tu, Guo-wei
name: Luo, Zhe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
A Non-Perbturbative Construction Of The Fermionic Projector On Globally Hyperbolic Manifolds I – Space-Times Of Finite Lifetime
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Reintjes, Moritz
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We give a functional analytic construction of the fermionic projector on a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold of finite lifetime. The integral kernel of the fermionic projector is represented by a two-point distribution on the manifold. By introducing an ultraviolet regularization, we get to the framework of causal fermion systems. The connection to the “negative-energy solutions” of the Dirac equation and to the WKB approximation is explained and quantified by a detailed analysis of closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes.
One-dimensional projective structures, convex curves and the ovals of Benguria & Loss
Creators: name: Bernstein, Jacob
name: Mettler, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Benguria and Loss have conjectured that, amongst all smooth closed curves of length $2π$ in the plane, the lowest possible eigenvalue of the operator $L=-Δ+κ^2$ was one. They observed that this value was achieved on a two-parameter family, $\mathcal{O}$, of geometrically distinct ovals containing the round circle and collapsing to a multiplicity-two line segment. We characterize the curves in $\mathcal{O}$ as absolute minima of two related geometric functionals. We also discuss a connection with projective differential geometry and use it to explain the natural symmetries of all three problems.
description: 18 pages, exposition improved
Homogeneous almost quaternion-hermitian manifolds
Creators: name: Moroianu, Andrei
name: Pilca, Mihaela
name: Semmelmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quaternion-Hermitian structures, homogeneous spaces, root systems, Clifford structures
subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: 53C30
subject: 53C35
subject: 53C15
subject: 17B22

description: An almost quaternion-Hermitian structure on a Riemannian manifold (M4n; g) is a reduction of the structure group of M to Sp(n)Sp(1) � SO(4n). In this paper we show that a compact simply connected homogeneous almost quaternion-Hermitian manifold of non-vanishing Euler characteristic is either a Wolf space, or S2 � S2, or the complex quadric SO(7)=U(3).
Scalar Dark Matter with Type II Seesaw
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Arnab
name: Borah, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of generating tiny neutrino mass through a combination of type I and type II seesaw mechanism within the framework of an abelian extension of standard model. The model also provides a naturally stable dark matter candidate in terms of the lightest neutral component of a scalar doublet. We compute the relic abundance of such a dark matter candidate and also point out how the strength of type II seesaw term can affect the relic abundance of dark matter. Such a model which connects neutrino mass and dark matter abundance has the potential of being verified or ruled out in the ongoing neutrino, dark matter as well as accelerator experiments.
description: v2: 19 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Impact of Detector Solenoid on the CLIC Luminosity Performance
Creators: name: Levinsen, Yngve Inntjore
name: Dalena, Barbara
name: Tomas, Rogelio
name: Schulte, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to obtain the necessary luminosity with a reasonable amount of beam power, the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) design includes an unprecedented collision beam size of σ = 1 nm vertically and σ = 45 nm horizontally. Given the small and very flat beams, the luminosity can be significantly degraded from the impact of the experimental solenoid field in combination with a large crossing angle. Main effects include y-x'-coupling and increase of vertical dispersion. Additionally, Incoherent Synchrotron Radiation (ISR) from the orbit deflection created by the solenoid field, increases the beam emittance. A detailed study of the impact from a realistic solenoid field and the associated correction techniques for the CLIC Final Focus is presented. In particular, the impact of techniques to compensate the beam optics distortions due to the detector solenoid main field and its overlap with the final focus magnets are shown. The unrecoverable luminosity loss due to ISR has been evaluated, and found to be in the range 4-5 % for the solenoid design under study.
description: Preprint of submission to PRSTAB
Persistent Homology of Coarse Grained State Space Networks
Creators: name: Myers, Audun D.
name: Chumley, Max M.
name: Khasawneh, Firas A.
name: Munch, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work is dedicated to the topological analysis of complex transitional networks for dynamic state detection. Transitional networks are formed from time series data and they leverage graph theory tools to reveal information about the underlying dynamic system. However, traditional tools can fail to summarize the complex topology present in such graphs. In this work, we leverage persistent homology from topological data analysis to study the structure of these networks. We contrast dynamic state detection from time series using a coarse-grained state-space network (CGSSN) and topological data analysis (TDA) to two state of the art approaches: ordinal partition networks (OPNs) combined with TDA and the standard application of persistent homology to the time-delay embedding of the signal. We show that the CGSSN captures rich information about the dynamic state of the underlying dynamical system as evidenced by a significant improvement in dynamic state detection and noise robustness in comparison to OPNs. We also show that because the computational time of CGSSN is not linearly dependent on the signal's length, it is more computationally efficient than applying TDA to the time-delay embedding of the time series.
description: 1. Added Max M. Chumley as an author to correctly match the final published journal version. 2. Added remark and note of caution on using this method with discrete maps. 3. Added experimental analysis using periodic and chaotic driven magnetic pendulum data. 4. Included analysis demonstrating that multi-periodic solutions still result in a single loop in the network. 5. Updated the abstract
The continuum limit of a Fermion system involving neutrinos: weak and gravitational interactions
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We analyze the causal action principle for a system of relativistic fermions composed of massive Dirac particles and neutrinos. In the continuum limit, we obtain an effective interaction described by a left-handed, massive SU(2)-gauge field and a gravitational field. The off-diagonal gauge potentials involve a unitary mixing matrix, which is similar to the Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix in the standard model.
Measurement of behavioral threat assessment outcomes in schools and their intersection with youth mental health: A scoping review protocol.
Creators: name: Wilairat, Samantha Kennefick
name: Canelo, Ricardo
name: Magid, Maryam Abdel
name: Gotham, Heather
name: Urdiales, Sarah
name: Gonzalez, Jessica
name: Rakima Parson
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Education

description: Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to identify how outcomes of behavioral threat assessment are measured and how they intersect with youth mental health. Introduction: Behavioral threat assessment is an increasingly used practice that aims to support safety in school settings. However, research on the effects of behavioral threat assessment is somewhat limited, and researchers, stakeholders, and advocacy groups have raised concerns about their use and the breadth and strength of the research base. Inclusion criteria: Relevant literature will have a primary focus on threat assessment in K- 12 school populations, be based in the United States, contain empirical data, address instances where a student aggressor posed a risk to others, and examine an internal threat. Search results will be restricted to English publications released from April 20, 1999, to January 31, 2023. Methods: We will conduct a literature search of published and unpublished literature from February 2023 to March 2023, including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Science Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts, ERIC, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google, and websites of organizations with a primary focus on threat assessment, school safety, or school mental health. We will extract data to collect information about the context of threat assessment outcome studies, units of analysis, methodologies used, levels of outcome measurement, and relevant findings. We will primarily utilize descriptive statistics and thematic analyses to describe and categorize measured outcomes and recommendations for future research. We will present our findings graphically for location data and in tabular form for other context and outcome data.
Additional file 1 of Characterization of the angiomodulatory effects of Interleukin 11 cis- and trans-signaling in the retina
Creators: name: Liang, Paula
name: Ness, Jan
name: Rapp, Julian
name: Boneva, Stefaniya
name: Schwämmle, Melanie
name: Jung, Malte
name: Schlunck, Günther
name: Agostini, Hansjürgen
name: Bucher, Felicitas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Disorder-mediated Kondo effect in graphene
Creators: name: Miranda, Vladimir G.
name: da Silva, Luis G. G. V. Dias
name: Lewenkopf, Caio H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emergence of strongly correlated states and Kondo physics in disordered graphene. Diluted short range disorder gives rise to localized midgap states at the vicinity of the system charge neutrality point. We show that long-range disorder, ubiquitous in graphene, allows for the coupling of these localized states to an effective (disorder averaged) metallic band. The system is described by an Anderson-like model. We use the numerical renormalization group (NRG) method to study the distributions of Kondo temperatures $P(T_K)$. The results show that disorder can lead to long logarithmic tails in $P(T_K)$, consistent with a quantum Griffiths phase.
description: Published version + Supp. Material
Stable phase field approximations of anisotropic solidification
Creators: name: Barrett, John W.
name: Garcke, Harald
name: Nürnberg, Robert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: phase field models, parabolic partial differential equations, Stefan problem, anisotropy, Allen{Cahn equation, viscous Cahn{Hilliard equation, crystal growth, finite element approximation
subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: 65M60
subject: 65M12
subject: 35K55
subject: 74N20

description: We introduce unconditionally stable finite element approximations for a phase field model for solidification, which take highly anisotropic surface energy and kinetic effects into account. We hence approximate Stefan problems with anisotropic Gibbs{Thomson law with kinetic undercooling, and quasi-static variants thereof. The phase field model is given by #wt + � %(') 't = r: (b(')rw) ; c a � %(')w = " � � �(r') 't
High performance computation of landscape genomic models integrating local indices of spatial association
Creators: name: Stucki, Sylvie
name: Orozco-terWengel, Pablo
name: Bruford, Michael W.
name: Colli, Licia
name: Masembe, Charles
name: Negrini, Riccardo
name: Taberlet, Pierre
name: Joost, Stéphane
name: Consortium, the NEXTGEN
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Since its introduction, landscape genomics has developed quickly with the increasing availability of both molecular and topo-climatic data. The current challenges of the field mainly involve processing large numbers of models and disentangling selection from demography. Several methods address the latter, either by estimating a neutral model from population structure or by inferring simultaneously environmental and demographic effects. Here we present Sam$β$ada, an integrated approach to study signatures of local adaptation, providing rapid processing of whole genome data and enabling assessment of spatial association using molecular markers. Specifically, candidate loci to adaptation are identified by automatically assessing genome-environment associations. In complement, measuring the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) for these candidate loci allows to detect whether similar genotypes tend to gather in space, which constitutes a useful indication of the possible kinship relationship between individuals. In this paper, we also analyze SNP data from Ugandan cattle to detect signatures of local adaptation with Sam$β$ada, BayEnv, LFMM and an outlier method (FDIST approach in Arlequin) and compare their results. Sam$β$ada is an open source software for Windows, Linux and MacOS X available at \url{http://lasig.epfl.ch/sambada}
description: 1 figure in text, 1 figure in supplementary material The structure of the article was modified and some explanations were updated. The methods and results presented are the same as in the previous version
Octonion Internal Space Algebra for the Standard Model
Creators: name: Todorov, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper surveys recent progress in the search for an appropriate internal space algebra for the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. As a starting point serve Clifford algebras involving operators of left multiplication by octonions. A central role is played by a distinguished complex structure which implements the splitting of the octonions ${\mathbb O} = {\mathbb C} \oplus {\mathbb C}^3$ reflecting the lepton-quark symmetry. Such a complex structure in $C\ell_{10}$ is generated by the $C\ell_6(\subset C\ell_8\subset C\ell_{10})$ volume form, $ω_6 = γ_1 \cdots γ_6$, left invariant by the Pati-Salam subgroup of $Spin(10)$, $G_{\rm PS} = Spin (4) \times Spin (6) / {\mathbb Z}_2$. While the $Spin(10)$ invariant volume form $ω_{10}=γ_1 ... γ_{10}$ is known to split the Dirac spinors of $C\ell_{10}$ into left and right chiral (semi)spinors, ${\cal P} = \frac12 (1 - iω_6)$ is interpreted as the projector on the 16-dimensional \textit{particle subspace} (annihilating the antiparticles). The standard model gauge group appears as the subgroup of $G_{PS}$ that preserves the sterile neutrino (identified with the Fock vacuum). The $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded internal space algebra $\mathcal{A}$ is then included in the projected tensor product: $\mathcal{A}\subset \mathcal{P}C\ell_{10}\mathcal{P}=C\ell_4\otimes \mathcal{P} C\ell_6^0\mathcal{P}$. The Higgs field appears as the scalar term of a superconnection, an element of the odd part, $C\ell_4^1$, of the first factor. The fact that the projection of $C\ell_{10}$ only involves the even part $C\ell_6^0$ of the second factor guarantees that the colour symmetry remains unbroken. As an application we express the ratio $\frac{m_H}{m_W}$ of the Higgs to the $W$-boson masses in terms of the cosine of the {\it theoretical} Weinberg angle.
description: Extended version of a lecture presented at the Workshop Octonions and the Standard Model, Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Canada, February-May 2021, and at the 14th International Workshop Lie Theory and Its Applications to Physics (LT 14), Sofia, June 2021. v3: exposition improved, references added, 34 pages
A perspective on computational research support programs in the library: More than 20 years of data from Stanford University Libraries
Creators: name: Muzzall, Evan
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Archival research
subject: Computational research support
subject: Data collection
subject: Data science
subject: Metadata

description: Presentation of data is a major component to academic research. However, programming languages, computational tools, and methods for exploring and analyzing data can be time consuming and frustrating to learn and finding help with these stages of the broader research process can be daunting. In this work, we highlight the impacts that computational research support programs housed in library contexts can have for fulfilling gaps in student, staff, and faculty research needs. The archival history of one such organization, Software and Services for Data Science (SSDS) in the Stanford University Cecil H. Green Library, is used to outline challenges faced by social sciences and humanities researchers from the 1980s to the present day. To compliment this history, participation metrics from consulting services (1999–2021) and workshops (2000–2021) are presented along with updated workshop participant feedback forms (n = 99) and further illustrate the profound impacts that these services can have for helping researchers succeed. Consulting and workshop metrics indicate that SSDS has supported at least 27,031 researchers between 1999 and 2021 (average of more than 1175 per year). A t-test on the feedback form data indicates that participant knowledge in workshops statistically significantly increased more than one scale point from workshop start to completion. Results also indicate that despite our successes, many past challenges continue to present barriers regardless of exponential advances in computing, teaching, and learning—specifically around learning to access data and learning the software and tools to use it. We hope that our story helps other institutions understand how indispensable computational research support is within the library.
Segmentation in large-scale cellular electron microscopy with deep learning: A literature survey
Creators: name: Aswath, Anusha
name: Alsahaf, Ahmad
name: Giepmans, Ben N. G.
name: Azzopardi, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated and semi-automated techniques in biomedical electron microscopy (EM) enable the acquisition of large datasets at a high rate. Segmentation methods are therefore essential to analyze and interpret these large volumes of data, which can no longer completely be labeled manually. In recent years, deep learning algorithms achieved impressive results in both pixel-level labeling (semantic segmentation) and the labeling of separate instances of the same class (instance segmentation). In this review, we examine how these algorithms were adapted to the task of segmenting cellular and sub-cellular structures in EM images. The special challenges posed by such images and the network architectures that overcame some of them are described. Moreover, a thorough overview is also provided on the notable datasets that contributed to the proliferation of deep learning in EM. Finally, an outlook of current trends and future prospects of EM segmentation is given, especially in the area of label-free learning.
Notes on local cohomology and duality
Creators: name: Hellus, Michael
name: Schenzel, Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Local cohomology, complete intersections, cohomological dimension
subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: 13D45
subject: 14M10
subject: 13C40

description: We provide a formula (see Theorem 1.5) for the Matlis dual of the injective hull of R/p where p is a one dimensional prime ideal in a local complete Gorenstein domain (R,m). This is related to results of Enochs and Xu (see [4] and [3]). We prove a certain ’dual’ version of the Hartshorne-Lichtenbaum vanishing (see Theorem 2.2). There is a generalization of local duality to cohomologically complete intersection ideals I in the sense that for I = m we get back the classical Local Duality Theorem. We determine the exact class of modules to which a characterization of cohomologically complete intersection from [6] generalizes naturally (see Theorem 4.4).
The EI Curriculum Framework (Updated version 2022)
Creators: name: Billingsley, Berry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Practical science, Epistemic insight, Hands on science, Observation, Multidisciplinary, Primary science. Secondary science, Permeable walls, Science and Religion, Ways of knowing

description: The Epistemic Insight (EI) Curriculum Framework presents a pedagogical and learning framework for development of Epistemic insight through three fundamental areas which explore Big questions: The nature of science in real world context and multidisciplinary arenas. Ways of knowing and how they interact Relationships between science and religion These can be explored as a 'starter' new to epistemic insight, or as a developing 'intermediate' epistemic agent or as an 'advanced' and confident epistemically insightful agent.
Constant volume exponential solutions in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet flat anisotropic cosmology with a perfect fluid
Creators: name: Chirkov, Dmitry
name: Pavluchenko, Sergey A.
name: Toporensky, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the constant volume exponential solutions (i.e. the solutions with the scale factors change exponentially over time so that the comoving volume remains the same) in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We find conditions for these solutions to exist and show that they are compatible with any perfect fluid with the equation of state parameter $ω<1/3$ if the matter density of the Universe exceeds some critical value. We write down some exact solutions which generalize ones found in our previous paper for models with a cosmological constant.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure; matches version accepted to Gen. Rel. Grav
Author Impact Factor: tracking the dynamics of individual scientific impact
Creators: name: Pan, Raj Kumar
name: Fortunato, Santo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The impact factor (IF) of scientific journals has acquired a major role in the evaluations of the output of scholars, departments and whole institutions. Typically papers appearing in journals with large values of the IF receive a high weight in such evaluations. However, at the end of the day one is interested in assessing the impact of individuals, rather than papers. Here we introduce Author Impact Factor (AIF), which is the extension of the IF to authors. The AIF of an author A in year $t$ is the average number of citations given by papers published in year $t$ to papers published by A in a period of $Δt$ years before year $t$. Due to its intrinsic dynamic character, AIF is capable to capture trends and variations of the impact of the scientific output of scholars in time, unlike the $h$-index, which is a growing measure taking into account the whole career path.
description: Published version. 6 pages, 5 figures + Appendix