Archineura incarnata
Creators: name: Yang, Guo-Hui
name: Orr, Albert G.
name: Zhang, Hao-Miao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Calopterygidae
Archineura
Archineura incarnata

description: Archineura incarnata (Karsch, 1892)
(Figs 1a–b, 2a–p, 3a–b)
Material examined. 1♀ larva, 15.II.2019, Mt. Nankunshan (23°09’1.47”N, 113°20’42.70’’E), Guangdong Province, China, Rui-bin Song leg.
Habitus: A moderately slender larva with very long legs and blunt, finger-like projections on the top of the head and thorax; coloration overall orange-brown with variegated dark brown to black markings. Lateral caudal appendages very long and flatly trigonal, with robust spines on outer mid-rib, ventral and dorsal margins (Figs. 1, 2l).
Head: Wider than long, about 1.6 times as wide as long and roughly pentangular, pair of small brown swellings at centre of vertex; vertex yellow ochre with mottled brown markings; Occiput concave, eyes of moderate size, well developed subconical prominence on either side of postocular region (Figs 1, 3b). Antennal sockets set in prominent thick dorsal mountings protruding well beyond genae. Antenna, 7-segmented, 1 st segment thick, with distinct subterminal inward bend, and extremely long, accounting for three-fifths of the whole entire antennal length; terminal segments filiform; length of succeeding segments (mm): 6.75, 1.75, 1.0, 0.6, 0.3, 0.2, 0.15 (Fig. 2a).
Labium pale, narrow basally, then strongly and abruptly expanded in distal half, distal margin of prementum with widely spaced fine teeth, with two anterior lobes just overlapping, enclosing tear-drop shaped median cleft, 1.5mm in length, ca one quarter total length of prementum; width to length ratio of median cleft about 3: 5 (Fig. 2b–c); no long seta present on anterior lobes. Labial palp with large movable hook and three long, curved, sharp terminal hooks of unequal length at apex, the inner one curved strongly inward, and shortest, about 1/2 as long as the middle; one strong dorsal seta on palp near socket of movable hook (Fig. 2d).
Mandibles brown, right mandible with four long and well developed incisors, fourth incisor longest, additional tooth y on the right mandible; molar crest produced to form two well-defined curved bifid spine (R 1’1234 y ab, 1’<1 <2 <3 <4, a <b). Left mandible with four incisors; molar crest produced straight, distal edge serrated with five tiny teeth between a and b (L 1’1234 0 a (m 1–5) b, 1’<1 <2 <4 <3, a <b) (Fig. 2e–h). Galeolacinea of maxilla seen in ventral view with four long and three short strong curved spines and sparse long setae; maxillary palp narrow, curved and bearing long, dense, fine setae (Fig. 2i–j).
Thorax. Prothorax upper face trapezoidal, laterally with blunt supra-coxal spurs forming a shallow ‘V’. Dorsally with pale blunt finger-like projections as follows; longest pair at anterior margin just before anterior angle, two projections medially either side of midline, slightly longer pair near posterior margin. Dorsum marked medially with light brown, and very dark brown at outer edge (Fig. 3a–b). Synthorax brown and smooth, with light brown dorsal triangular mark. Legs very long, hind femur reaching the end of S4; all legs with two broad dark brown bands on femora and tibiae. Wing cases parallel and long, forewing cases reaching the hind margin of S4 and hindwing cases reach to the middle of S5 (Fig. 1a).
Abdomen. Moderately long, cylindrical, brown and with pale longitudinal irregular-margined dorsal stripes. No lateral spines present. Ovipositor of female extending to end of S10 (Fig. 2k). Lateral caudal appendages long, lanceolate, ochreous, with irregular markings, a prominent lateral mid-rib and four long apical projections, with seven large and seven small strong spines on the outer margin, more strongly developed ventrally than dorsally; small robust spines on the mid-rib and inner edge; median appendage distinctly shorter, thin, membranous and with rounded profile ventro-basally and postero-dorsally, terminating in slight point ventrally; mainly light brown coloured with small, irregular creamy white dorsal patches (Fig. 2m –p).
Measurements (mm). Body length excluding caudal appendages 32.5; length of the abdomen excluding caudal appendages 20.5; maximum head width 6.5; length of the hind femur 13; lateral caudal caudal appendage 16.5; median caudal caudal appendage 11.5.
Biological notes. The adults of Archineura species always perch on the rocks in moderate fast-flowing and exposed streams (Fig. 4a, b). Both sexes usually perch together but mating only occurs occasionally. Females oviposit in dead wood or emergent aquatic plants. The larvae of any stages are very difficult to find. They are typical claspers and are found on the under surface large stones and boulders in the middle of streams, but not at the stream edge where most other larvae of the family are found (genera Mnais Selys 1853, Neurobasis Selys, 1853, Matrona Selys 1853, etc.). If a rock provides a suitable microhabitat and is sufficiently large, 2- 3 larvae can be found together. These notes are based on both presumed larvae of A. hetaerinoides from Guangxi and A. incarnata from Guangdong.
description: Published as part of Yang, Guo-Hui, Orr, Albert G. & Zhang, Hao-Miao, 2022, First description of the larva of Archineura incarnata (Karsch, 1891) with notes on the biology (Odonata: Calopterygidae), pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5134 (3) on pages 442-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/6538377