cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Privacy in Social Networks: Existing Challenges and Proposals for Solutions
Creators: name: Netter, Michael
name: Pernul, Günther
name: Richthammer, Christian
name: Riesner, Moritz
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social network sites, Privacy, Social identity management
subject: 004 Informatik

description: The significant change in our social lives and communication habits caused by the rise of Social Network Sites (SNSs) has not only brought along benefits but is also accompanied by privacy threats. In this paper we present our research efforts on SNS privacy and social identity management. First, we outline the results of an empirical study showing significant discrepancies between Facebook users’ actual privacy settings and their perception as well as their preferences. Based on this evident need for improving privacy, we present a novel conceptualization of privacy that serves as the basis for tackling the challenges. Finally, the paper provides an overview of solutions we developed as part of our research efforts on privacy in SNSs.
Inclusion of the QCD next-to-leading order corrections in the quark-gluon Monte Carlo shower
Creators: name: Jadach, S.
name: Kusina, A.
name: Płaczek, W.
name: Skrzypek, M.
name: Slawinska, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methodology of including QCD NLO corrections in the quark--gluon Monte Carlo shower is outlined. The work concentrates on two issues: (i) constructing leading order (LO) parton shower Monte Carlo from scratch, such that it rigorously extends collinear factorization into the exclusive (fully unintegrated) one which we call the Monte Carlo factorization scheme; (ii) introducing next-to-leading-order (NLO) corrections to the hard process in this new environment. The presented solution is designed to be extended to the full NLO level Monte Carlo, including NLO corrections not only in the hard process but in the whole shower. The issue of the difference between the factorization scheme implemented in the Monte Carlo (MC) solution and the standard MSbar scheme is addressed. The principal MC implementation is designed for the electroweak boson production process at the LHC, but in order to discuss universality -- process independence, the deep inelastic lepton--hadron scaterring is also brought into the MC framework.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, updated to match journal version
Additional file 1 of ‘Finishing the race’ – a cohort study of weight and blood glucose change among the first 36,000 patients in a large-scale diabetes prevention programme
Creators: name: Marsden, Antonia M.
name: Bower, Peter
name: Howarth, Elizabeth
name: Soiland-Reyes, Claudia
name: Sutton, Matt
name: Cotterill, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Contains supplementary tables, additional information on coverage intervals used to illustrate variation in outcomes across sites, and additional information on missing data and multiple imputation.
Band gap and broken chirality in single-layer and bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Varlet, Anastasia
name: Liu, Ming-Hao
name: Bischoff, Dominik
name: Simonet, Pauline
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Ihn, Thomas
name: Ensslin, Klaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: bilayer graphene, chirality, Fabry-Perot interference
subject: 530 Physik

description: Chirality is one of the key features governing the electronic properties of single- and bilayer graphene: the basics of this concept and its consequences on transport are presented in this review. By breaking the inversion symmetry, a band gap can be opened in the band structures of both systems at the K-point. This leads to interesting consequences for the pseu-dospin and, therefore, for the chirality. These consequences can be accessed by investigating the evolution of the Berry phase in such systems. Experimental observations of Fabry–Pérot interference in a dual-gated bilayer graphene device are finally presented and are used to illustrate the role played by the band gap on the evolution of the pseudospin. The presented results can be attributed to the breaking of the chirality in the energy range close to the gap.
title: Verità e giustizia nel processo penale. Atti del convegno di studi giuridici organizzato dalle Università di Bologna, Buenos Aires e Roma Tre (18-22 gennaio 2024)
Creators: name: Ippolito, Dario
name: Fronza, Emanuela
name: Fiorelli, Giulia
name: Marafioti, Luca
name: Guzmán, Nicolás
Publisher: name: Roma Tre University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05vf0dg29
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description:

Il volume raccoglie gli atti del Convegno “Verità e giustizia nel processo penale” organizzato dalle Università di Bologna, Buenos Aires e Roma Tre, nelle giornate del 18, 19 e 22 gennaio 2024, nell’ottica di promuovere un momento di confronto su un tema classico della riflessione giuridica e filosofica: il rapporto tra processo penale e verità. A tal fine, i contributi qui raccolti s’interrogano, in una prospettiva d'analisi comparata con il sistema argentino, sulle modalità attraverso le quali la verità deve essere ricercata e sui limiti che tale ricerca incontra nel processo penale. Il Volume “Verità e giustizia nel processo penale” offre un compendio eterogeneo di contributi provenienti da professori, ricercatori, magistrati e giovani studiosi del processo penale.
Finite coupling corrections to holographic predictions for hot QCD
Creators: name: Waeber, Sebastian
name: Schäfer, Andreas
name: Vuorinen, Aleksi
name: Yaffe, Laurence
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Gauge-gravity correspondence; Holography and quark-gluon plasmas
subject: 530 Physik

description: Finite 't Hooft coupling corrections to multiple physical observables in strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma are examined, in an attempt to assess the stability of the expansion in inverse powers of the 't Hooft coupling λ. Observables considered include thermodynamic quantities, transport coefficients, and quasinormal mode frequencies. Although large λ expansions for quasinormal mode frequencies are notably less well behaved than the expansions of other quantities, we find that a partial resummation of higher order corrections can significantly reduce the sensitivity of the results to the value of λ.
description: SCOAP3
Additional file 2 of ‘Finishing the race’ – a cohort study of weight and blood glucose change among the first 36,000 patients in a large-scale diabetes prevention programme
Creators: name: Marsden, Antonia M.
name: Bower, Peter
name: Howarth, Elizabeth
name: Soiland-Reyes, Claudia
name: Sutton, Matt
name: Cotterill, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Contains information about how the sample was recruited, how representative the sample was of the target group, how the analysed sample differed from the recruited sample and how missing data were handled.
Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health Poll: December, 1999 Health News Interest Index
Creators: name: Harvard T.H. Chan School Of Public Health
name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2002

description: Influence on respondents vote (2); Most Important Issue (3); Voting intention (2); Use of Budget Surplus (9); Important Health Care Issues (5); Candidates on Health Care (1); Handling of health care issues (3); Republican Vs. Democrat (6); United Health Group (1); News Stories (10); Report on Medical Errors (4); Gore vs. Bradley (2); Government and the uninsured (7); Higher Premiums to help uninsured (3); Uninsured Children (3); Patients Bill of Rights (5); Medicare (3); Respondents health insurance (6); Worries of the next 6 months (7); Famous Athletes (5)
Introducing Dynamic Identity and Access Management in Organizations
Creators: name: Kunz, Michael
name: Fuchs, Ludwig
name: Hummer, Matthias
name: Pernul, Günther
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Identity and Access Management IAM ABAC Policies
subject: 004 Informatik
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Efficient and secure management of access to resources is a crucial challenge in today’s corporate IT environments. During the last years, introducing company-wide Identity and Access Management (IAM) infrastructures building on the Role-based Access Control (RBAC) paradigm has become the de facto standard for granting and revoking access to resources. Due to its static nature, the management of role-based IAM structures, however, leads to increased administrative efforts and is not able to model dynamic business structures. As a result, introducing dynamic attribute-based access privilege provisioning and revocation is currently seen as the next maturity level of IAM. Nevertheless, up to now no structured process for incorporating Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC) policies into static IAM has been proposed. This paper closes the existing research gap by introducing a novel migration guide for extending static IAM systems with dynamic ABAC policies. By means of conducting structured and tool-supported attribute and policy management activities, the migration guide supports organizations to distribute privilege assignments in an application-independent and flexible manner. In order to show its feasibility, we provide a naturalistic evaluation based on two real-world industry use cases.
Fractal Models for Normal Subgroups of Schottky Groups
Creators: name: Jaerisch, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C45, 30F40, 37C85, 43A07

description: For a normal subgroup $N$ of the free group $\F_d$ with at least two generators we introduce the radial limit set $\Lr(N,Φ)$ of $N$ with respect to a graph directed Markov system $Φ$ associated to $\F_d$. These sets are shown to provide fractal models of radial limit sets of normal subgroups of Kleinian groups of Schottky type. Our main result states that if $Φ$ is symmetric and linear, then we have that $\dim_{H}(\Lr(N,Φ))=\dim_{H} \Lr(\F_d,Φ))$ if and only if the quotient group $\F_d /N$ is amenable, where $\dim_{H}$ denotes the Hausdorff dimension. This extends a result of Brooks for normal subgroups of Kleinian groups to a large class of fractal sets. Moreover, we show that if $\F_d /N$ is non-amenable then $\dim_{H}(\Lr(N,Φ))>\dim_{H}(\Lr(\F_d,Φ))/2$, which extends results by Falk and Stratmann and by Roblin.
description: 30 pages
Gate tuneable beamsplitter in ballistic graphene
Creators: name: Rickhaus, Peter
name: Makk, Péter
name: Liu, Ming-Hao
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Schönenberger, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: graphene
subject: 530 Physik

description: We present a beam splitter in a suspended, ballistic, multiterminal, bilayer graphene device. By using local bottomgates, a p-n interface tilted with respect to the current direction can be formed. We show that the p-n interface acts as a semi-transparent mirror in the bipolar regime and that the reflectance and transmittance of the p-n interface can be tuned by the gate voltages. Moreover, by studying the conductance features appearing in magnetic field, we demonstrate that the position of the p-n interface can be moved by 1 μm. The herein presented beamsplitter device can form the basis of electron-optic interferometers in graphene.
MPEC 2023-J04 : 2023 HL7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 HL7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 1 of Investigating the current environmental situation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic: urban vs. rural context
Creators: name: Abouzid, Mohamed
name: El-Sherif, Dina M.
name: Al Naggar, Yahya
name: Alshehri, Mohammed M.
name: Alothman, Shaima
name: El-Seedi, Hesham R.
name: Trabelsi, Rayhana
name: Ibrahim, Osama Mohamed
name: Temraz, Esraa Hamouda
name: Buimsaedah, Ahmad
name: Aziz, Ibrahim Adel
name: Alwan, Muhammad
name: Al Hasan, Nuha Hadi Jasim
name: Ragab, Heba Nasser
name: Koraiem, Abdullah Muhammed
name: Ahmed, Mareb H.
name: Temraz, Heba Hamouda
name: Madeeh, Alyaa Khaled
name: Alshareif, Mohanned Osama
name: Elkhafeefi, Fatimah Saad
name: Badis, Imed-Eddine
name: Abdelslam, Asmaa E.
name: Ali, Almajdoub Ali Mohammed
name: Kotni, Nour El Imene
name: Amer, Thuraya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Species Specificity of the Putative Male Antennal Aphrodisiac Pheromone in Leptopilina heterotoma, Leptopilina boulardi, and Leptopilina victoriae
Creators: name: Weiss, Ingmar
name: Ruther, Joachim
name: Stöckl, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Male antennal aphrodisiac pheromones have been suggested to elicit female receptiveness in several parasitic Hymenoptera, including Leptopilina boulardi. None of the proposed pheromones, however, has been fully identified to date. It is also unknown whether these antennal pheromones are species specific, because the species specificity of mate recognition and courtship elicitation in Leptopilina prevented such experiments. In this study we present an experimental design that allows the investigation of the species specificity of the putative male aphrodisiac pheromone of L. heterotoma, L. boulardi, and L. victoriae. This is achieved by chemical manipulation of the odour profile of heterospecific females, so that males perceive them as conspecifics and show antennal courtship behaviour. Males courted the manipulated heterospecific females and antennal contact between the male and the female was observed. However, males elicited receptiveness only in conspecific females, never in the manipulated heterospecific females. Chemical analysis showed the presence of species specific unsaturated hydrocarbons on the antennae of males. Only trace amounts of these hydrocarbons are found on the antennae of females. Our results are an important step towards the understanding and identification of antennal pheromones of parasitic wasps.
Modification of MnO₂-based cathode materials for rechargeable alkaline batteries
Creators: name: Nesvaderani, Farhang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Aqueous batteries like the alkaline battery, which utilizes the MnO₂/Zn chemistry, are recently receiving renewed attention due to an urgent desire to develop advanced batteries for storage of energy. MnO₂/Zn batteries offer high energy density, lower cost, and excellent shelf life. The cycleability of such batteries is, however, challenging due to the poor performance of the MnO₂ cathode. Therefore, various phases of MnO₂ materials were synthesized to investigate their cycling performance. A series of electrolytic MnO₂ (EMD) samples were synthesized using different concentrations of sulfuric acid-based electrolysis baths. EMD samples synthesized at a relatively high acidic concentration (2M H₂SO₄), had a 30% higher energy efficiency over a cycling period of 100 cycles and 35% higher capacity at the end of the cycling period. The better cycling performance is attributed to higher surface area, higher structural water content (essential for proton diffusion), and a larger fraction of ramsdellite phase in the 2M EMD structure. Pure ramsdellite MnO₂ was also synthesized and tested. It displayed an improved energy delivery and efficiency over all the EMD samples and its final specific capacity was very comparable to the 2M EMD sample. An alternative electrolyte solution (zinc sulfate) was examined for the cycling performance MnO₂ versus a zinc electrode. Addition of manganese sulfate to the electrolyte, which is reported to inhibit manganese dissolution during cycling, was also studied. This led to a discovery that the manganese sulfate additive leads to deposition of additional MnO₂ on the cathode substrate during the charge step of the cycling regime. Based on this observation, a novel method of producing EMD was designed in the zinc sulfate electrolyte that provides a milder environment for producing the material. This form of EMD, named “neutral” EMD or NEMD, exhibits a specific capacity 3x higher than that of commercial EMD when cycled in the zinc sulfate electrolyte. Furthermore, it was possible to retain at least 67-80% of its capacity after 100 cycles. Although MnO₂ cycled in zinc sulfate can only be utilized with low gravimetric loading of the material, this thesis exhibits a possible method of improving this factor.
Universal hydrodynamic flow in holographic planar shock collisions
Creators: name: Chesler, Paul
name: Kilbertus, Niki
name: Schee, Wilke
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quark-Gluon Plasma Gauge-gravity correspondence AdS-CFT Correspondence Holography and quark-gluon plasmas
subject: 530 Physik

description: We study the collision of planar shock waves in AdS5 as a function of shock profile. In the dual field theory the shock waves describe planar sheets of energy whose collision results in the formation of a plasma which behaves hydrodynamically at late times. We find that the post-collision stress tensor near the light cone exhibits transient non-universal behavior which depends on both the shock width and the precise functional form of the shock profile. However, over a large range of shock widths, including those which yield qualitative different behavior near the future light cone, and for different shock profiles, we find universal behavior in the subsequent hydrodynamic evolution. Additionally, we compute the rapidity distribution of produced particles and find it to be well described by a Gaussian.
description: SCOAP3
Sinusoidal anti-coupling symmetric strip waveguides on a silicon-on-insulator platform
Creators: name: Zhang, Fan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Sinusoidal anti-coupling (AC) symmetric waveguides provide a means to design dense waveguide arrays that have minimal inter-waveguide crosstalk for high-density integration of photonic circuits. Also, the polarization sensitivity of sinusoidal AC symmetric waveguides and the reduction of wavelength dependence that is achieved by the sinusoidal waveguides can be used to design broadband polarization beam splitters (PBSs) for polarization diversity systems. In this thesis, I demonstrate the use of sinusoidal bends to suppress the optical power exchange between pairs of symmetric strip waveguides for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes as well as to separate the TE and TM modes into two output symmetric strip waveguides on a silicon-on-insulator platform. I design, model, simulate, and analyze sinusoidal AC symmetric waveguide pairs for both the TE and TM modes. Then, based on the TE sinusoidal AC waveguide structure, I design, simulate, and analyze a PBS using a symmetric directional coupler (DC) with sinusoidal bends. I also compare the modal dispersions of the sinusoidally-bent symmetric DC, which is used in the PBS, with the modal dispersions of an equivalent straight symmetric DC. I measure the fabricated test devices and evaluate their performances. The TE sinusoidal AC device, which has a gap width of 200 nm, has an average crosstalk suppression ratio (SR) of 38.2 dB, and the TM sinusoidal AC device, which has a gap width of 600 nm, has an average crosstalk SR of 34.9 dB over an operational bandwidth of 35 nm. The PBS has a small coupler length of 8.55 μm, has average extinction ratios of 12.0 dB for the TE mode and of 20.1 dB for the TM mode, and has average polarization isolations of 20.6 dB for the through port (the TE mode over the TM mode) and of 11.5 dB for the cross port (the TM mode over the TE mode) over a broad operational bandwidth of 100 nm. All of my devices are easy to fabricate and compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technologies.
Additional file 2 of Investigating the current environmental situation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic: urban vs. rural context
Creators: name: Abouzid, Mohamed
name: El-Sherif, Dina M.
name: Al Naggar, Yahya
name: Alshehri, Mohammed M.
name: Alothman, Shaima
name: El-Seedi, Hesham R.
name: Trabelsi, Rayhana
name: Ibrahim, Osama Mohamed
name: Temraz, Esraa Hamouda
name: Buimsaedah, Ahmad
name: Aziz, Ibrahim Adel
name: Alwan, Muhammad
name: Al Hasan, Nuha Hadi Jasim
name: Ragab, Heba Nasser
name: Koraiem, Abdullah Muhammed
name: Ahmed, Mareb H.
name: Temraz, Heba Hamouda
name: Madeeh, Alyaa Khaled
name: Alshareif, Mohanned Osama
name: Elkhafeefi, Fatimah Saad
name: Badis, Imed-Eddine
name: Abdelslam, Asmaa E.
name: Ali, Almajdoub Ali Mohammed
name: Kotni, Nour El Imene
name: Amer, Thuraya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Relative Hilbert Scheme of Points
Creators: name: Setayesh, Iman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $D$ be a smooth divisor on a non singular surface $S$. We compute Betti numbers of the relative Hilbert scheme of points of $S$ relative to $D$. In the case of $\PP^2$ and a line in it, we give an explicit set of generators and relations for the cohomology groups of this space.
description: The final version has been published in the Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan
On the existence of non-central Wishart distributions
Creators: name: Mayerhofer, Eberhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with the existence issue of non-central Wishart distributions which is a research topic initiated by Wishart (1928), and with important contributions by e.g., Lévy (1937), Gindikin (1975), Shanbhag (1988), Peddada and Richards (1991). We present a new method involving the theory of affine Markov processes, which reveals joint necessary conditions on shape and non-centrality parameter. While Eaton's conjecture concerning the necessary range of the shape parameter is confirmed, we also observe that it is not sufficient anymore that it only belongs to the Gindikin ensemble, as is in the central case.
description: This version contains an Appendix which explains the relation of my definition of non-central Wishart distributions to alternative ones from the standard literature
The Nature and Origin of Time-asymmetric Spacetime Structures
Creators: name: Zeh, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-asymmetric spacetime structures, in particular those representing black holes and the expansion of the universe, are intimately related to other arrows of time, such as the second law and the retardation of radiation. The nature of the quantum arrow, often attributed to a collapse of the wave function, is essential, in particular, for understanding the much discussed "black hole information loss paradox". However, this paradox assumes a new form and can possibly be avoided in a consistent causal treatment that may be able to avoid horizons and singularities. - A "master arrow", which combines all arrows of time, does not have to be identified with a direction of the formal time parameter that serves to formulate the dynamics as a succession of global states (a trajectory in configuration or Hilbert space). It may even change direction with respect to a fundamental physical clock such as the cosmic expansion parameter if this was formally extended either into a future contraction era or to negative "pre-big-bang" values.
description: V2: Causal arguments regarding the information loss paradox are emphasized (Sect. 3); V3-V11: Comments and references added; V5: published; V6: "Note after publication" added; V11: 24 pages pdf, 3 figures
Accumulation of beneficial mutations in one dimension
Creators: name: Otwinowski, Jakub
name: Boettcher, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When beneficial mutations are relatively common, competition between multiple unfixed mutations can reduce the rate of fixation in well-mixed asexual populations. We introduce a one dimensional model with a steady accumulation of beneficial mutations. We find a transition between periodic selection and multiple-mutation regimes. In the multiple-mutation regime, the increase of fitness along the lattice bears a striking similarity to surface growth phenomena, with power law growth and saturation of the interface width. We also find significant differences compared to the well-mixed model. In our lattice model, the transition between regimes happens at a much lower mutation rate due to slower fixation times in one dimension. Also the rate of fixation is reduced with increasing mutation rate due to the more intense competition, and it saturates with large population size.
Invariant tubular neighborhoods in infinite-dimensional Riemannian geometry, with applications to Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Ramras, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B20, 53C07, 58D27

description: We present a new construction of tubular neighborhoods in (possibly infinite dimensional) Riemannian manifolds M, which allows us to show that if G is an arbitrary group acting isometrically on M, then every G-invariant submanifold with locally trivial normal bundle has a G-invariant total tubular neighborhood. We apply this result to the Morse strata of the Yang-Mills functional over a closed surface. The resulting neighborhoods play an important role in calculations of gauge-equivariant cohomology for moduli spaces of flat connections over non-orientable surfaces.
description: 10 pages. This article replaces Section 3 of arXiv:math/0805.2587, and fills a gap therein (regarding the application to Yang-Mills theory)
A copula-based multivariate drought indicator to design and monitor nature-based solutions
Creators: name: Sisay, Debele
name: Jeetendra, Sahani
name: Federico, Porcù
name: Leonardo, Aragão
name: Spyrou Christos
name: Michael, Loupis
name: Charizopoulos Nikos
name: Di Sabatino Silvana,
name: Prashant, Kumar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Drought risk; multidimensional copulas; multivariate indicators, uncertainty analysis; frequency

description: Droughts are comprehensive and complex naturally occurring hazards in any climatic region around the world and often result in the loss of life and severe ecosystem damage. Drought monitoring is usually based on single-variables that may not represent the corresponding risk appropriately to its multiple causation and impact characteristics under current and future climate scenarios. In order to address this issue, the multidimensional copulas function, which is a flexible statistical tool, could be applied to develop multivariate drought indicators and solve the complicated and nonlinear associations. The aim of this paper is to develop reliable designing, monitoring and prediction indicators for the proper assessment and intervention of drought risk by nature-based solutions (NBS). Using a copula-based multivariate drought indicator (CMDI) that considers all possible variables related to meteorological, agricultural and hydrological droughts is essential for better drought risk assessment and intervention. The CMDI was developed by integrating univariate marginal cumulative distribution functions of meteorological (precipitation), agricultural (soil moisture) and hydrological (streamflow) variables into their joint cumulative distribution function. CMDI was then applied to the selected study catchment (Po Valley, Italy and Spercheios River, Greece) using hydro-meteorological data from gauging stations and ERA5 gridded data for the period 1979-2017. The result of CMDI showed moderate, severe and extreme drought frequencies in the two selected catchments. The constructed CMDI captured more severe to extreme drought occurrence than the considered single drought indicators. This proved that the CMDI could appropriately represent the complex and interrelated natural variables. The uncertainty analysis based on Monte Carlo experiments confirmed that CMDI is a more robust and reliable approach for assessing, planning and designing a nature-based intervention for drought risk. The findings of this research can provide a reliable way to develop approaches that can be used for assessing and predicting non-linearly related variables or any risk that may occur simultaneously or cumulatively over time.
Cadit crux? – Das Kruzifix-Urteil des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte
Creators: name: Michl, Fabian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: EMRK; EGMR; Kruzifix
subject: 340 Recht

description: Mit seinem Kruzifix-Urteil vom 3. 11. 2009 hat der EGMReine rege Diskussion um die Berechtigung von Kreuzen in Klassenräumen ausgelöst. Zwar bezog sich die Entscheidung auf die Situation in Italien, doch drängt sich die Frage auf, ob sie auch in Deutschland Folgen haben wird. Im Freistaat Bayern sind die Kreuze auch nach dem berühmt gewordenen Kruzifix-Beschluss des BVerfG in Klassenräumen anzutreffen. Ob sich die Rechtsprechung des EGMR auch darauf auswirken kann, soll neben der Darstellung des Kruzifix-Urteils vor dem Hintergrund des case laws zum Erziehungsrecht und zur Religionsfreiheit in der EMRK Gegenstand dieses Beitrags sein.
Not going to waste - preserving Scotland's COVID-19 wastewater data
Creators: name: Scorza, Livia C T
name: Zielinski, Tomasz
name: Baby, Sumy V
name: Cameron, Graeme
name: Millar, Andrew J
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: COVID-19
wastewater
SARS-CoV-2
FAIR
Open data

description: Poster presented at the Edinburgh Open Research Conference 2022 Particles of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, can enter the sewage system through faeces of infected people. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) has been monitoring viral levels in wastewater since May 2020 in over 100 locations, as such data is a good indicator of COVID-19 spread throughout the population. These estimates are combined with others to provide the best overall estimate of disease prevalence and viral reproduction (R) values, at the Scottish and UK levels. These longitudinal, geospatial data are costly to obtain while they have a high potential for re-use. However, access to the data risks deteriorating over time once COVID-19 becomes an endemic infection and monitoring programmes terminate. Our team worked on the open research front of the programme monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, with the aim to develop appropriate preservation strategies while following open science and FAIR data principles. Here we will present the curation process of making the outputs complete and unambiguous. We will describe the multiple ways in which we disseminated the data to maximize their visibility and re-usability, while assuring cost-free, long-term preservation, as well as share some recommendations for such multi-institutional initiatives. Briefly, our work included sharing data in public repositories, submitting a data paper to a scientific data journal, and curating and transcribing protocols, which were also published in online platforms. A dashboard webpage containing the links to published outputs was also created: https://biordm.github.io/COVID-Wastewater-Scotland. By making these data open and FAIR, we are supporting COVID-19 data transparency, assisting with government decisions and accountability. Additionally, the detailed data and methodologies can help with the implementation of similar surveillance programmes in the future, as well as assist with the modelling and analysis of the past SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.
On an argument of J.--F. Cardoso dealing with perturbations of joint diagonalizers
Creators: name: Russo, Francesco G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A42, 15A69, 49Q12, 15A23

description: B. Afsari has recently proposed a new approach to the matrix joint diagonalization, introduced by J.--F. Cardoso in 1994, in order to investigate the independent component analysis and the blind signal processing in a wider prospective. Delicate notions of linear algebra and differential geometry are involved in the works of B. Afsari and the present paper continues such a line of research, focusing on a theoretical condition which has significant consequences in the numerical applications.
description: 9 pages; the published version contains significant revisions (suggested by the referees)
On the radiative lifetime of free-moving two-dimensional excitons
Creators: name: Paraskevov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple microscopic mechanism explaining the linear dependence of the radiative lifetime of free-moving two-dimensional excitons on their effective temperature is suggested. It is shown that there exists a characteristic effective temperature (of about few Kelvin) defined by the exciton-acoustic phonon interaction at which the radiative lifetime is minimal. Below this temperature the lifetime starts to increase with decreasing temperature. The correspondence with previous theoretical and experimental results is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Final version
Causal Fermion Systems as a Candidate for a Unified Physical Theory
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Kleiner, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik

description: The theory of causal fermion systems is an approach to describe fundamental physics. We here introduce the mathematical framework and give an overview of the objectives and current results.
Causal Fermion Systems as a Candidate for a Unified Physical Theory
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Kleiner, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik

description: The theory of causal fermion systems is an approach to describe fundamental physics. Giving quantum mechanics, general relativity and quantum field theory as limiting cases, it is a candidate for a unified physical theory. We here give a non-technical introduction.
description: 7th International Workshop DICE2014 Spacetime – Matter – Quantum Mechanics
Transient resonances in the inspirals of point particles into black holes
Creators: name: Flanagan, Eanna E.
name: Hinderer, Tanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that transient resonances occur in the two body problem in general relativity, in the highly relativistic, extreme mass-ratio regime for spinning black holes. These resonances occur when the ratio of polar and radial orbital frequencies, which is slowly evolving under the influence of gravitational radiation reaction, passes through a low order rational number. At such points, the adiabatic approximation to the orbital evolution breaks down, and there is a brief but order unity correction to the inspiral rate. Corrections to the gravitational wave signal's phase due to resonance effects scale as the square root of the inverse of mass of the small body, and thus become large in the extreme-mass-ratio limit, dominating over all other post-adiabatic effects. The resonances make orbits more sensitive to changes in initial data (though not quite chaotic), and are genuine non-perturbative effects that are not seen at any order in a standard post-Newtonian expansion. Our results apply to an important potential source of gravitational waves, the gradual inspiral of white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes into much more massive black holes. It is hoped to exploit observations of these sources to map the spacetime geometry of black holes. However, such mapping will require accurate models of binary dynamics, which is a computational challenge whose difficulty is significantly increased by resonance effects. We estimate that the resonance phase shifts will be of order a few tens of cycles for mass ratios $\sim 10^{-6}$, by numerically evolving fully relativistic orbital dynamics supplemented with an approximate, post-Newtonian self-force.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, minor corrections
Constraints on the topology of the Universe derived from the 7-year WMAP data
Creators: name: Bielewicz, P.
name: Banday, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We impose constraints on the topology of the Universe determined from a search for matched circles in the temperature anisotropy patterns of the 7-year WMAP data. We pay special attention to the sensitivity of the method to residual foreground contamination of the sky maps, and show that for a full sky estimate of the CMB signal (the ILC map) such residuals introduce a non-negligible effect on the statistics of matched circles. In order to reduce this effect, we perform the analysis on maps for which the most contaminated regions have been removed. A search for pairs of matched back-to-back circles in the higher resolution WMAP W-band map allows tighter constraints to be imposed on topology. Our results rule out universes with topologies that predict pairs of such circles with radii larger than α_min \approx 10 degrees. This places a lower bound on the size of the fundamental domain for a flat universe of about 27.9 Gpc. This bound is close to the upper limit on the size of Universe possible to detect by the method of matched circles, i.e. the diameter of the observable Universe is 28.3 Gpc.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, published in MNRAS, this research was supported by the Agence Nationale de Recherche (ANR-08-CEXC-0002-01)
Na2TeS3, Na2TeSe3-mP24, and Na2TeSe3-mC48: Crystal Structures and Optical and Electrical Properties of Sodium Chalcogenidotellurates(IV)
Creators: name: Pompe, Constantin
name: Preitschaft, Christian
name: Weihrich, Richard
name: Pfitzner, Arno
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Pure samples of Na2TeS3 and Na2TeSe3 were synthesized by the reactions of stoichiometric amounts of the elements Na, Te, and Q (Q = S, Se) in the ratio 2:1:3. Both compounds are highly air- and moisture-sensitive. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Yellow Na2TeS3 crystallizes in the space group P21/c. Na2TeSe3 exists in a low-temperature modification (Na2TeSe3-mP24, space group P21/c) and a high-temperature modification (Na2TeSe3-mC48, space group C2/c); both modifications are red. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the coexistence of both modifications of Na2TeSe3 because they are very close in energy (ΔE = 0.18 kJ mol–1). To the contrary, hypothetic Na2TeS3-mC48 is significantly less favored (ΔE = 1.8 kJ mol–1) than the primitive modification. Na2TeS3 and Na2TeSe3-mP24 are isotypic to Li2TeS3, whereas Na2TeSe3-mC48 crystallizes in its own structure type, which was first described by Eisenmann and Zagler. The title compounds have two common structure motifs. Trigonal TeQ3 pyramids form layers, and the Na atoms are surrounded by a distorted octahedral environment of chalcogen atoms. Raman spectra are dominated by the vibration modes of the TeQ3 units. The activation energies of the total conductivity of the title compounds range between 0.68 eV (Na2TeS3) and 1.1 eV (Na2TeSe3). Direct principal band gaps of 1.20 and 1.72 eV were calculated for Na2TeSe3 and Na2TeS3, respectively. The optical band gaps are in the range from 1.38 eV for Li2TeSe3 to 2.35 eV for Na2TeS3.
Investigation of aqueous droplet-based electrostatic transduction
Creators: name: Allegretto, Graham
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: With the effects of climate change being felt more and more each day, any form of alternative energy production, no matter how small, must be investigated. Each new transduction mechanism discovered opens up new possibilities of harnessing energy that was previously untapped or underutilized, possibly shifting some of the burden on carbon-based power plants to non-emitting sources. Even if the mechanism is inefficient or unsuitable for energy conversion, the technology may still be useful as a sensor. This thesis examines a recently discovered mechanical-to-electrical transduction mechanism that can be as simple as a water droplet sandwiched between vibrating electrodes. The mechanism in question is analogous to electrostatic transduction where motion is converted to electricity by pulling apart the two plates of a charged capacitor. Conventional technology, however, has plateaued as their performance is limited by the breakdown potential of air. One drawback of using this transduction mechanism is the necessity of having a biasing source, a requirement not shared by electromagnetic and piezoelectric transducers. By utilizing an electrical double layer capacitor’s (EDLC) high capacitance per area and inherent self-biasing, performance can be improved and one disadvantage can be avoided. In this work, we demonstrate such a device using a droplet of water between two Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes with one electrode being coated with poly[4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene] (PTFE-AF). We investigate its frequency response, an important parameter for sensing and generation applications, and show an improved frequency response of up to 100 Hz, surpassing literature’s best, with a maximum peak-to-peak voltage of 892 mV. We present a linear approximation model that can be used for further optimization of such a system and correctly predicts the point of maximum power transfer. We also investigate how and why the technology self-biases, proposing an alternative theory to those posed in literature. We finally evaluate the system as both a sensor and generator in its current state and ideas that could make this technology competitive.
Semilattices, Canonical Embeddings and Representing Measures
Creators: name: Cassese, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide conditions under which a modular function defined on a semilattice $X$ and with values in a commutative group is homomorphic to a modular function on a lattice $L$ for any embedding $X\hookrightarrow L$.
Holonomic quantum computing in symmetry-protected ground states of spin chains
Creators: name: Renes, Joseph M.
name: Miyake, Akimasa
name: Brennen, Gavin K.
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While solid-state devices offer naturally reliable hardware for modern classical computers, thus far quantum information processors resemble vacuum tube computers in being neither reliable nor scalable. Strongly correlated many body states stabilized in topologically ordered matter offer the possibility of naturally fault tolerant computing, but are both challenging to engineer and coherently control and cannot be easily adapted to different physical platforms. We propose an architecture which achieves some of the robustness properties of topological models but with a drastically simpler construction. Quantum information is stored in the symmetry-protected degenerate ground states of spin-1 chains, while quantum gates are performed by adiabatic non-Abelian holonomies using only single-site fields and nearest-neighbor couplings. Gate operations respect the symmetry, and so inherit some protection from noise and disorder from the symmetry-protected ground states.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures. v2: published version
Resonance equals reducibility for A-hypergeometric systems
Creators: name: Schulze, Mathias
name: Walther, Uli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13N10, 14M25, 32S40

description: Classical theorems of Gel'fand et al., and recent results of Beukers, show that non-confluent Cohen-Macaulay A-hypergeometric systems have reducible monodromy representation if and only if the continuous parameter is A-resonant. We remove both the confluence and Cohen-Macaulayness conditions while simplifying the proof.
description: 9 pages, final version
Constructing elliptic curve isogenies in quantum subexponential time
Creators: name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: Jao, David
name: Soukharev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given two elliptic curves over a finite field having the same cardinality and endomorphism ring, it is known that the curves admit an isogeny between them, but finding such an isogeny is believed to be computationally difficult. The fastest known classical algorithm takes exponential time, and prior to our work no faster quantum algorithm was known. Recently, public-key cryptosystems based on the presumed hardness of this problem have been proposed as candidates for post-quantum cryptography. In this paper, we give a subexponential-time quantum algorithm for constructing isogenies, assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (but with no other assumptions). Our algorithm is based on a reduction to a hidden shift problem, together with a new subexponential-time algorithm for evaluating isogenies from kernel ideals (under only GRH), and represents the first nontrivial application of Kuperberg's quantum algorithm for the hidden shift problem. This result suggests that isogeny-based cryptosystems may be uncompetitive with more mainstream quantum-resistant cryptosystems such as lattice-based cryptosystems.
description: Errata: Remark 5.5 is incorrect as stated. For full discussion see https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/774 section 7.0.1