cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modified nucleic acids: replication, evolution, and next-generation therapeutics
Creators: name: Duffy, Karen
name: Arangundy-Franklin, Sebastian
name: Holliger, Philipp
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Review
BMC Biology Reviews

description: Abstract: Modified nucleic acids, also called xeno nucleic acids (XNAs), offer a variety of advantages for biotechnological applications and address some of the limitations of first-generation nucleic acid therapeutics. Indeed, several therapeutics based on modified nucleic acids have recently been approved and many more are under clinical evaluation. XNAs can provide increased biostability and furthermore are now increasingly amenable to in vitro evolution, accelerating lead discovery. Here, we review the most recent discoveries in this dynamic field with a focus on progress in the enzymatic replication and functional exploration of XNAs.
Earnings premia of undergraduate single and double majors
Creators: name: Plumber, Ammar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: 140303 Economic Models and Forecasting
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140204 Economics of Education
subject: 160809 Sociology of Education
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160506 Education Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: This paper quantifies the earnings premia attained by college graduates with different single and double major combinations per year and in aggregate over an eleven-year period. I use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort to produce a multiple regression model. To attenuate selection bias, I include in my model measures of cognitive and noncognitive ability among other relevant demographic variables. I find that pursuing a second major in almost every case predicts greater earnings than pursuing one of the two majors alone. STEM and Business majors appear to yield the greatest positive income effects, even when ability bias is attenuated.
Stochastic Dynamics of Nanoparticle and Virus Uptake
Creators: name: Frey, Felix
name: Ziebert, Falko
name: Schwarz, Ulrich S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cellular uptake of nanoparticles or viruses requires that the gain of adhesion energy overcomes the cost of plasma membrane bending. It is well known that this leads to a minimal particle size for uptake. Using a simple deterministic theory for this process, we first show that, for the same radius and volume, cylindrical particles should be taken up faster than spherical particles, both for normal and parallel orientations. We then address stochastic effects, which are expected to be relevant due to small system size, and show that, now, spherical particles can have a faster uptake, because the mean first passage time profits from the multiplicative noise induced by the spherical geometry. We conclude that stochastic effects are strongly geometry dependent and may favor spherical shapes during adhesion-driven particle uptake.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Nearest Neighbor Decoding and Pilot-AidedChannel Estimation for Fading Channels
Creators: name: Asyhari, A. Taufiq
name: Koch, Tobias
name: Guillén I Fàbregas, Albert Guillén I
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: achievable rates
fading
high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
mismatched decoding
multiple-access channels
multiple antennas
nearest neighbor decoding
noncoherent
pilot-aided channel estimation

description: We study the information rates of noncoherent, stationary, Gaussian, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) flat-fading channels that are achievable with nearest neighbor decoding and pilot-aided channel estimation. In particular, we investigate the behavior of these achievable rates in the limit as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) tends to infinity by analyzing the capacity pre-log, which is defined as the limiting ratio of the capacity to the logarithm of the SNR as the SNR tends to infinity. We demonstrate that a scheme estimating the channel using pilot symbols and detecting the message using nearest neighbor decoding (while assuming that the channel estimation is perfect) essentially achieves the capacity pre-log of noncoherent multiple-input single-output flat-fading channels, and it essentially achieves the best so far known lower bound on the capacity pre-log of noncoherent MIMO flat-fading channels. Extending the analysis to fading multiple-access channels reveals interesting relationships between the number of antennas and Doppler bandwidth in the comparative performance of joint transmission and time division multiple-access.
Additional file 3: of A fern WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene functions in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations
Creators: name: Youngstrom, Christopher
name: Geadelmann, Lander
name: Irish, Erin
name: Chi-Lien Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S3. Protein domain comparison of intermediate clade WOX proteins from A. thaliana and C. richardii. (a) Model of intermediate clade WOX proteins from C. richardii and A. thaliana, green boxes represent the homeodomain and blue the C-terminal domain. (b) T-Coffee sequence alignment of C. richardii and A. thaliana intermediate WOX proteins domains. Specific motifs are outlined, and conserved residues are highlighted in green, less conserved sites are highlighted in yellow. (DOCX 160 kb)
A Darwin Time Domain Scheme for the Simulation of Transient Quasistatic Electromagnetic Fields Including Resistive, Capacitive and Inductive Effects
Creators: name: Clemens, Markus
name: Kähne, Bernhard
name: Schöps, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 34A09, 35Q61, 78A25, 78M10, 78M12

description: The Darwin field model addresses an approximation to Maxwell's equations where radiation effects are neglected. It allows to describe general quasistatic electromagnetic field phenomena including inductive, resistive and capacitive effects. A Darwin formulation based on the Darwin-Ampère equation and the implicitly included Darwin-continuity equation yields a non-symmetric and ill-conditioned algebraic systems of equations received from applying a geometric spatial discretization scheme and the implicit backward differentiation time integration method. A two-step solution scheme is presented where the underlying block-Gauss-Seidel method is shown to change the initially chosen gauge condition and the resulting scheme only requires to solve a weakly coupled electro-quasistatic and a magneto-quasistatic discrete field formulation consecutively in each time step. Results of numerical test problems validate the chosen approach.
description: presented at the URSI Kleinheubacher Tagung 2019
The Effects of Kenya’s ‘Smarter’ Input Subsidy Program on Smallholder Behavior and Incomes: Do Different Quasi-Experimental Approaches Lead to the Same Conclusions?
Creators: name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Wineman, Ayala
name: Kirimi, Lilian
name: Mather, David
name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Wineman, Ayala
name: Kirimi, Lilian
name: Mather, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: input subsidy programs
subject: fertilizer
subject: hybrid seed
subject: poverty
subject: welfare
subject: smallholder farmers
subject: Kenya
subject: sub-Saharan Africa

description: Kenya joined the ranks of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries implementing targeted input subsidy programs (ISPs) for inorganic fertilizer and improved seed in 2007 with the establishment of the National Accelerated Agricultural Inputs Access Program (NAAIAP). While several features of NAAIAP were ‘smarter’ than other ISPs in the region, some aspects were less ‘smart’. However, the efficacy of this program, and the relationship between its design and effectiveness, have been little studied. This article uses nationwide survey data to estimate the effects of NAAIAP participation on Kenyan smallholders’ cropping patterns, incomes, and poverty status. Unlike most previous studies of ISPs, a range of panel data- and propensity score-based methods are used to estimate the effects of NAAIAP. The article then compares these estimated effects across estimators and to the effects of other ISPs in SSA, and discusses the likely links between differences in program designs and impacts. The results are robust to the choice of estimator and suggest that, despite substantial crowding out of commercial fertilizer demand, NAAIAP had sizable impacts on maize production and poverty severity. NAAIAP’s success in targeting resource-poor farmers and implementation through vouchers redeemable at private agro-dealer shops likely contributed to its more favorable impacts than those of ISPs in Malawi and Zambia.
Physics of Synchronized Neutrino Oscillations Caused by Self-Interactions
Creators: name: Pastor, S.
name: Raffelt, G. G.
name: Semikoz, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the early universe or in some regions of supernovae, the neutrino refractive index is dominated by the neutrinos themselves. Several previous studies have found numerically that these self-interactions have the effect of coupling different neutrino modes in such a way as to synchronize the flavor oscillations which otherwise would depend on the energy of a given mode. We provide a simple explanation for this baffling phenomenon in analogy to a system of magnetic dipoles which are coupled by their self-interactions to form one large magnetic dipole which then precesses coherently in a weak external magnetic field. In this picture the synchronized neutrino oscillations are perfectly analogous to the weak-field Zeeman effect in atoms.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
The association between analgesic drug use in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental disorders: protocol for an umbrella review
Creators: name: Kwok, Janell
name: Hall, Hildigunnur Anna
name: Murray, Aja Louise
name: Auyeung, Bonnie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Protocol
Umbrella review
Analgesics
Medication
Painkillers
Pregnancy
Maternal
Autism
ADHD

description: Abstract: Background: Maternal prenatal health has been shown to be an important influence on children’s developmental outcomes, which has led to an increased emphasis on providing more information to support clinical decisions in pregnancy. Several systematic reviews suggest that analgesic drug use during pregnancy may have neurodisruptive properties. However, no firm conclusions have yet been drawn on the associations between prenatal analgesic drug use and children’s long-term development of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, an umbrella review is proposed for the purpose of examining the associations between maternal analgesic drug use during pregnancy and diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: Included systematic reviews will consist of studies examining the effect of maternal prenatal analgesic drug use, specifically ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, naproxen, diclofenac, and ketoprofen, on children’s neurodevelopmental disorder status. Examined drugs were restricted to those readily accessible and frequently used by pregnant women, and with characteristics that allow them to cross the placenta and directly affect fetal development. Outcomes will be restricted to formal clinical diagnoses of ASD and/or ADHD. Two reviewers will independently identify eligible reviews from six databases (e.g., PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO) from inception dates of databases to the date of data extraction, and conduct manual searches of reference lists, consultation with field experts, and scan of pre-print archives. Extracted data will also include short qualitative summaries by both reviewers. As part of quality assessment, a standardized measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR 2) will be used. A narrative synthesis is proposed to integrate findings from different, potentially methodologically heterogeneous, studies. Discussion: This umbrella review of associations between maternal prenatal use of analgesic drugs and children’s neurodevelopmental disorders could allow for firmer conclusions to be drawn through the synthesis of all relevant published research. The synthesis of findings using high-quality evidence could provide more accurate healthcare information on the long-term effects of analgesic drugs on neurodevelopment, to better guide future clinical decisions during pregnancy. This review will also allow gaps and methodological differences in the literature to be identified, informing recommendations for future research. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020179216.
Compact embeddings for spaces of forward rate curves
Creators: name: Tappe, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91G80, 46E35

description: The goal of this note is to prove a compact embedding result for spaces of forward rate curves. As a consequence of this result, we show that any forward rate evolution can be approximated by a sequence of finite dimensional processes in the larger state space.
description: 9 pages
Additional file 1 of The MAastricht Instrument for Sustainable Employability – Italian version (MAISE-IT): a validation study
Creators: name: Picco, Eleonora
name: Houkes, Inge
name: De Rijk, Angelique
name: Miglioretti, Massimo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
MOESM8 of Reasons for nonuse of contraceptive methods by women with demand for contraception not satisfied: an assessment of low and middle-income countries using demographic and health surveys
Creators: name: LaĂ­Sa Moreira
name: Ewerling, Fernanda
name: Aluisio Barros
name: Silveira, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 8. Reason infrequent sex according to stratifiers in women (15â 49â years old) with demand for contraception not satisfied.
Three-Dimensional Active Defect Loops
Creators: name: Binysh, Jack
name: Kos, Žiga
name: Čopar, Simon
name: Ravnik, Miha
name: Alexander, Gareth P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the flows and morphological dynamics of topological defect lines and loops in three-dimensional active nematics and show, using theory and numerical modelling, that they are governed by the local profile of the orientational order surrounding the defects. Analysing a continuous span of defect loop profiles, ranging from radial and tangential twist to wedge $\pm 1/2$ profiles, we show that the distinct geometries can drive material flow perpendicular or along the local defect loop segment, whose variation around a closed loop can lead to net loop motion, elongation or compression of shape, or buckling of the loops. We demonstrate a correlation between local curvature and the local orientational profile of the defect loop, indicating dynamic coupling between geometry and topology. To address the general formation of defect loops in three dimensions, we show their creation via bend instability from different initial elastic distortions.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Casimir Energy of a Relativistic Perfect Fluid Confined to a D-dimensional Hypercube
Creators: name: Edery, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Compact formulas are obtained for the Casimir energy of a relativistic perfect fluid confined to a $D$-dimensional hypercube with von Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. The formulas are conveniently expressed as a finite sum of the well-known gamma and Riemann zeta functions. Emphasis is placed on the mathematical technique used to extract the Casimir energy from a $D$-dimensional infinite sum regularized with an exponential cut-off. Numerical calculations show that initially the Dirichlet energy decreases rapidly in magnitude and oscillates in sign, being positive for even $D$ and negative for odd $D$. This oscillating pattern stops abruptly at the critical dimension of D=36 after which the energy remains negative and the magnitude increases. We show that numerical calculations performed with 16-digit precision are inaccurate at higher values of $D$.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 4: of A fern WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene functions in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations
Creators: name: Youngstrom, Christopher
name: Geadelmann, Lander
name: Irish, Erin
name: Chi-Lien Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Table S1. Primer sequences used in the study. Sequences left of * are added for directional cloning or T7 promoter sequence. All sequences are 5â ˛ to 3â ˛. (DOCX 20 kb)
Additional file 3 of Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with gastric cancer based on laboratory tests is safe: a single Chinese center analysis
Creators: name: Wu, Yunzi
name: Zheng, Xiaohao
name: Sun, Chunyang
name: Wang, Shenghui
name: Ding, Shikang
name: Wu, Ming
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Wang, Bingzhi
name: Xue, Liyan
name: Yang, Lin
name: Tian, Yantao
name: Xie, Yibin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Baseline Characteristics of HIPEC and gastric cancer patients after 1：1 matched.
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies heterogeneous cell subtypes within gingival tissue
Creators: name: 钱姝娇(Shujiao Qian)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2021
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Monoisolate
Medical

description: We reported the transcriptomic profiling of a total of 29,967 single cells of human gingival tissues from 2 patients with periodontitis and 2 healthy donors. We identified specific epithelial cell types associated with compromised epithelial defense in periodontitis. We detected endothelial cells highly associated with immune regulation and fibroblasts potentially involved in bone remodeling. We revealed the myeloid cells with diverse clusters dominated by pro-inflammatory phenotype. We further identified cell subtypes specifically expressing periodontitis related genes and investigated the cell-cell communication alteration between conditions.
Chance and Necessity in Fermi's Discovery of the Properties of the Slow Neutrons
Creators: name: De Gregorio, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In October 1934 Fermi discovered that neutrons became particularly effective in rendering the elements radioactive after being slowed down by hydrogenous substances. His was described as an absolutely unpredictable scientific discovery. In this paper I report and discuss the knowledge about neutrons properties already available the previous year, which throws a new light onto a discovery too often depicted as "accidental".
description: 20 pages
Additional file 2: of A fern WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene functions in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations
Creators: name: Youngstrom, Christopher
name: Geadelmann, Lander
name: Irish, Erin
name: Chi-Lien Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S2. Bright-field microscopy of d13 transgenic gametophytes. (a) RN3 (wild type). (b-d) transgenic gametophytes. (a-d inset) 2x digital-enlargement of a ~ 250 × 250 pixel region of the notch meristem. Red lines outline the notch meristem, in (a) the prothallus overlaps and no space is present between lobes of the prothallus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (DOCX 12696 kb)
Tunable wavevector filtering in borophane based normal metal-barrier-normal metal junctions
Creators: name: Das, Prasun
name: De Sarkar, Sangita
name: Ghosh, Asim Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transport properties of Dirac electrons across a two-dimensional normal metal-barrier-normal metal (NBN) interfaces in monolayer borophane. We analyse the transmission probability with variation of the width of the barrier region, the incidence energy and transverse momentum. We demonstrate that a gap exists in the transmission probability spectrum and the position, width of transmission gap can be tuned by the barrier strength and transverse momentum respectively. We point out the variation of the ballistic tunneling conductance as a function of the width of the barrier region and incident energy. We find that the oscillatory or decaying nature of the conductance with variation in barrier width depends upon the number of propagating and evanescent modes which are controlled by the incident energy and barrier strength. We show that the conductance as a function of incident energy drops to a minimum value when the incident energy becomes identical to the barrier height and identify that this effect is caused by the presence of evanescent modes inside the barrier. Based on these findings we propose a perfectly tunable wavevector filter for Borophane. We expect our findings posses useful applications in borophane based nano-electronic devices.
description: Ten pages, double column, Eleven figures
Additional file 1 of A comparative study of the prevalence of myopia and behavioral changes in primary school students
Creators: name: Xiao, Haishao
name: Jiang, Dandan
name: Wang, Yanhui
name: Sun, Bing
name: Li, Chunchun
name: Lin, Yaoyao
name: Liu, Linjie
name: Huang, Xiaoqiong
name: Vasudevan, Balamurali
name: Chen, Yanyan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Additional file 1:
Sources of evolutionary contingency: chance variation and genetic drift
Creators: name: Wong, T. Y. William
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Evolutionary contingency
Sources of contingency
Sources of directionality
Chance variation
Random mutations
Genetic drift
Information entropy

description: Abstract: Contingency-theorists have gestured to a series of phenomena such as random mutations or rare Armageddon-like events as that which accounts for evolutionary contingency. These phenomena constitute a class, which may be aptly called the ‘sources of contingency’. In this paper, I offer a probabilistic conception of what it is to be a source of contingency and then examine two major candidates: chance variation and genetic drift, both of which have historically been taken to be ‘chancy’ in a number of different senses. However, contra the gesturing of contingency-theorists, chance variation and genetic drift are not always strong sources of contingency, as they can be non-chancy (and hence, directional) in at least one sense that opposes evolutionary contingency. The probabilistic conception offered herein allows for sources of contingency to appropriately vary in strength. To this end, I import Shannon’s information entropy as a statistical measure for systematically assessing the strength of a source of contingency, which is part and parcel of identifying sources of contingency. In brief, the higher the entropy, the greater the strength. This is also empirically significant because molecular, mutational, and replicative studies often contain sufficient frequency or probability data to allow for entropies to be calculated. In this way, contingency-theorists can evaluate the strength of a source of contingency in real-world cases. Moreover, the probabilistic conception also makes conceptual room for the converse of sources of contingency: ‘sources of directionality’, which ought to be recognised, as they can interact with genuine sources of contingency in undermining evolutionary contingency.
Let it Rain: Weather Extremes and Household Welfare in Rural Kenya
Creators: name: Wineman, Ayala
name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Ochieng, Justus
name: Kirimi, Lilian
name: Wineman, Ayala
name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Ochieng, Justus
name: Kirimi, Lilian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: food security
subject: household welfare
subject: Kenya
subject: resilience
subject: weather shocks

description: Households in rural Kenya are sensitive to weather shocks through their reliance on rain-fed agriculture and livestock. Yet the extent of vulnerability is poorly understood, particularly in reference to extreme weather. This paper uses temporally and spatially disaggregated weather data and three waves of household panel survey data to understand the impact of weather extremes –including periods of high and low rainfall, heat, and wind– on household welfare. Particular attention is paid to heterogeneous effects across agro-ecological regions. We find that all types of extreme weather affect household well-being, although effects sometimes differ for income and calorie estimates. Periods of drought are the most consistently negative weather shock across various regions. An examination of the channels through which weather affects welfare reveals that drought conditions reduce income from both on- and off-farm sources, though households compensate for diminished on-farm production with food purchases. The paper further explores the household and community characteristics that mitigate the adverse effects of drought. In particular, access to credit and a more diverse income base seem to render a household more resilient.
Heavy quark spin symmetric molecular states from ${\bar D}^{(*)}Σ_c^{(*)}$ and other coupled channels in the light of the recent LHCb pentaquarks
Creators: name: Xiao, C. W.
name: Nieves, J.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the ${\bar D}^{(*)}Σ_c^{(*)}$ states, together with $J/ψN$ and other coupled channels, and take an interaction consistent with heavy quark spin symmetry, with the dynamical input obtained from an extension of the local hidden gauge approach. By fitting only one parameter to the recent three pentaquark states reported by the LHCb collaboration, we can reproduce the three of them in base to the mass and the width, providing for them the quantum numbers and approximate molecular structure as $1/2^-$ $\bar{D} Σ_c$, $1/2^-$ $\bar{D}^* Σ_c$, and $3/2^-$ $\bar{D}^* Σ_c$, and isospin $I=1/2$. We find another state around 4374 MeV, of $3/2^-$ $\bar{D} Σ_c^*$ structure, for which indications appear in the experimental spectrum. Two other near degenerate states of $1/2^-$ $\bar{D}^* Σ_c^*$ and $3/2^-$ $\bar{D}^* Σ_c^*$ nature are also found around 4520 MeV, which although less clear, are not incompatible with the observed spectrum. In addition, a $5/2^-$ $\bar D^* Σ_c^*$ state at the same energy appears, which however does not couple to $J/ψp$ in $S-$wave, and hence it is not expected to show up in the LHCb experiment.
description: 8 pages
Ferromagnetic Anomalous Hall Effect in Cr-doped Bi$_2$Se$_3$ Thin Films via Surface-State Engineering
Creators: name: Moon, Jisoo
name: Kim, Jinwoong
name: Koirala, Nikesh
name: Salehi, Maryam
name: Vanderbilt, David
name: Oh, Seongshik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a non-linear Hall effect appearing in magnetic conductors, boosted by internal magnetism beyond what is expected from the ordinary Hall effect. With the recent discovery of the quantized version of the AHE, the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), in Cr- or V-doped topological insulator (TI) (Sb,Bi)$_2$Te$_3$ thin films, the AHE in magnetic TIs has been attracting significant interest. However, one of the puzzles in this system has been that while Cr- or V-doped (Sb,Bi)$_2$Te$_3$ and V-doped Bi$_2$Se$_3$ exhibit AHE, Cr-doped Bi$_2$Se$_3$ has failed to exhibit even ferromagnetic AHE, the expected predecessor to the QAHE, though it is the first material predicted to exhibit the QAHE. Here, we have successfully implemented ferromagnetic AHE in Cr-doped Bi$_2$Se$_3$ thin films by utilizing a surface state engineering scheme. Surprisingly, the observed ferromagnetic AHE in the Cr-doped Bi$_2$Se$_3$ thin films exhibited only positive slope regardless of the carrier type. We show that this sign problem can be explained by the intrinsic Berry curvature of the system as calculated from a tight-binding model combined with a first-principles method.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
MOESM6 of Reasons for nonuse of contraceptive methods by women with demand for contraception not satisfied: an assessment of low and middle-income countries using demographic and health surveys
Creators: name: LaĂ­Sa Moreira
name: Ewerling, Fernanda
name: Aluisio Barros
name: Silveira, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6. Reason method related according to stratifiers in women (15â 49â years old) with demand for contraception not satisfied.
Entomobrya ambigua Schott 1917
Creators: name: Jordana, Rafael
name: Greenslade, Penelope
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Collembola
Entomobryidae
Entomobrya
Entomobrya ambigua

description: Entomobrya ambigua Schött, 1917
Type locality. QLD, Atherton, - 37.46248°N, 122.1978°E, 752m asl, Mjöberg leg.
Other material examined. SA, Belair, - 35.0079°S, 138.6339°E, 300m asl, i.35, R. V.Southcott leg., det. Womersley as E. ambigua. We here identify this specimen as a Drepanura sp. with falciform mucro and basal spine.
The type specimen of E. ambigua from Atherton, Queensland has not been examined. It is in the NHRM.
description: Published as part of Jordana, Rafael & Greenslade, Penelope, 2020, Biogeographical and ecological insights from Australasian faunas: the megadiverse collembolan genus, Entomobrya (Entomobryidae), pp. 1-104 in Zootaxa 4770 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4770.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3797958
MOESM7 of Reasons for nonuse of contraceptive methods by women with demand for contraception not satisfied: an assessment of low and middle-income countries using demographic and health surveys
Creators: name: LaĂ­Sa Moreira
name: Ewerling, Fernanda
name: Aluisio Barros
name: Silveira, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 7. Reason fatalistic according to stratifiers in women (15â 49â years old) with demand for contraception not satisfied.
An open source chemical structure curation pipeline using RDKit
Creators: name: Bento, A. Patrícia
name: Hersey, Anne
name: Félix, Eloy
name: Landrum, Greg
name: Gaulton, Anna
name: Atkinson, Francis
name: Bellis, Louisa J.
name: De Veij, Marleen
name: Leach, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Methodology
Chemistry
Curation
ChEMBL
RDKit
Open source
Standardisation

description: Funder: European Molecular Biology Laboratory; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013060
description: Abstract: Background: The ChEMBL database is one of a number of public databases that contain bioactivity data on small molecule compounds curated from diverse sources. Incoming compounds are typically not standardised according to consistent rules. In order to maintain the quality of the final database and to easily compare and integrate data on the same compound from different sources it is necessary for the chemical structures in the database to be appropriately standardised. Results: A chemical curation pipeline has been developed using the open source toolkit RDKit. It comprises three components: a Checker to test the validity of chemical structures and flag any serious errors; a Standardizer which formats compounds according to defined rules and conventions and a GetParent component that removes any salts and solvents from the compound to create its parent. This pipeline has been applied to the latest version of the ChEMBL database as well as uncurated datasets from other sources to test the robustness of the process and to identify common issues in database molecular structures. Conclusion: All the components of the structure pipeline have been made freely available for other researchers to use and adapt for their own use. The code is available in a GitHub repository and it can also be accessed via the ChEMBL Beaker webservices. It has been used successfully to standardise the nearly 2 million compounds in the ChEMBL database and the compound validity checker has been used to identify compounds with the most serious issues so that they can be prioritised for manual curation.
Optomechanical generation of a mechanical catlike state by phonon subtraction
Creators: name: Shomroni, Itay
name: Qiu, Liu
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to prepare a macroscopic mechanical oscillator in a catlike state, close to a coherent state superposition. The mechanical oscillator, coupled by radiation-pressure interaction to a field in an optical cavity, is first prepared close to a squeezed vacuum state using a reservoir engineering technique. The system is then probed using a short optical pulse tuned to the lower motional sideband of the cavity resonance, realizing a photon-phonon swap interaction. A photon number measurement of the photons emerging from the cavity then conditions a phonon-subtracted catlike state with a negative Wigner distribution exhibiting separated peaks and multiple interference fringes. We show that this scheme is feasible using state-of-the-art photonic crystal optomechanical system.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Close to published version
Improved Circuit Design of Analog Joint Source Channel Coding for Low-power and Low-complexity Wireless Sensors
Creators: name: Zhao, Xueyuan
name: Sadhu, Vidyasagar
name: Yang, Anthony
name: Pompili, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To enable low-power and low-complexity wireless monitoring, an improved circuit design of Analog Joint Source Channel Coding (AJSCC) is proposed for wireless sensor nodes. This innovative design is based on Analog Divider Blocks (ADB) with tunable spacing between AJSCC levels. The ADB controls the switching between two types of Voltage Controlled Voltage Sources (VCVS). LTSpice simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the circuit, and the power consumption and circuit complexity of this new ADB-based design were compared with our previous parallel-VCVS design. It is found that this improved circuit design based on ADB outperforms the design based on parallel VCVS for a large number of AJSCC levels (>= 16), both in terms of power consumption as well as circuit complexity, thus enabling persistent and higher temporal/spatial resolution environmental sensing.
description: 8 pages, IEEE Sensor Journal
Dark Radiation and Superheavy Dark Matter from Black Hole Domination
Creators: name: Hooper, Dan
name: Krnjaic, Gordan
name: McDermott, Samuel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If even a relatively small number of black holes were created in the early universe, they will constitute an increasingly large fraction of the total energy density as space expands. It is thus well-motivated to consider scenarios in which the early universe included an era in which primordial black holes dominated the total energy density. Within this context, we consider Hawking radiation as a mechanism to produce both dark radiation and dark matter. If the early universe included a black hole dominated era, we find that Hawking radiation will produce dark radiation at a level $ΔN_{\rm eff} \sim 0.03-0.2$ for each light and decoupled species of spin 0, 1/2, or 1. This range is well suited to relax the tension between late and early-time Hubble determinations, and is within the reach of upcoming CMB experiments. The dark matter could also originate as Hawking radiation in a black hole dominated early universe, although such dark matter candidates must be very heavy ($m_{\rm DM} >10^{11}$ GeV) if they are to avoid exceeding the measured abundance.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 appendices
Noncommutative Field Theory and Lorentz Violation
Creators: name: Carroll, Sean M.
name: Harvey, Jeffrey A.
name: Kostelecky, V. Alan
name: Lane, Charles D.
name: Okamoto, Takemi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of Lorentz symmetry in noncommutative field theory is considered. Any realistic noncommutative theory is found to be physically equivalent to a subset of a general Lorentz-violating standard-model extension involving ordinary fields. Some theoretical consequences are discussed. Existing experiments bound the scale of the noncommutativity parameter to (10 TeV)^{-2}.
description: 4 pages
title: Anstückungen an kaiserzeitlichen Idealskulpturen. Zu drei aus der Baetica stammenden Statuen des Mars
Creators: name: Ojeda, David
Publisher: name: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden
Year: 2019
Subjects: Öffnungen
Anstückungen
Baetica
Statuen
Mars
apertures
attachments
statues

description: An zahlreichen Marmorstatuen aus der griechisch-römischen Antike sind nach wie vor Öffnungen erkennbar, die ursprünglich zum Anbringen von Anstückungen bestimmt waren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden drei aus der Baetica stammende Beispiele analysiert, deren Öffnungen darauf hinweisen, dass sie in der römischen Epoche mit Anstückungen versehen waren. Zufälligerweise handelt es sich bei allen drei Objekten um Darstellungen des Mars, die allesamt in der Provinz Sevilla (Andalusien, Spanien) gefunden wurden.
description: Still preserved on numerous marble statues from Graeco-Roman antiquity are apertures that were originally intended for the fitting of attachments. This article examines three statues from Baetica whose apertures indicate that they were decorated with attachments in the Roman period. It so happens that all three objects are depictions of Mars, and all were found in the province of Seville (Andalusia, Spain).
description: Archäologischer Anzeiger, 2. Halbband (2018)
Andinobates minutus Brown & Twomey & Amézquita & Souza & Caldwell & Lötters & May & Melo-Sampaio & Mejía-Vargas & Perez-Peña & Pepper & Poelman & Sanchez-Rodriguez & Summers 2011
Creators: name: Brown, Jason L.
name: Twomey, Evan
name: Amézquita, Adolfo
name: Souza, Moisés Barbosa De
name: Caldwell, Jana- Lee P.
name: Lötters, Stefan
name: May, Rudolf Von
name: Melo-Sampaio, Paulo Roberto
name: Mejía-Vargas, Daniel
name: Perez-Peña, Pedro
name: Pepper, Mark
name: Poelman, Erik H.
name: Sanchez-Rodriguez, Manuel
name: Summers, Kyle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Dendrobatidae
Andinobates
Andinobates minutus

description: Andinobates minutus species group
 Figs. 3 – 5 (a – m), 8
Tables 4 –6
 A monophyletic assemblage of two divergent species: Andinobates minutus (Shreve 1935) comb. nov. and A. claudiae (Jungfer, Lötters & Jörgens 2000) comb. nov.
 Definition and diagnosis. SVL 13–16 mm; dark brown or black dorsum; largely complete light colored dorsolateral stripes not extending to thigh and oblique lateral stripes present, typically incomplete and not extending to eye; large spots near body on upper surface of legs and forearms; limbs and venter black with pale marbling on venter; LTRF either 2(2)/3(1) (A. claudiae) or 2(2)/3 (A. minutus); larvae with complete papillae on posterior labium and wide gap in papillae on anterior labium; oral disc emarginated (Table 4); larvae gray; eggs dark (Table 6). Vocalizations short, tonal buzz-notes, notes less than 1 sec in length, repeated at 3 – 17 notes per minute (Fig. 8, Table 5).
description: Published as part of Brown, Jason L., Twomey, Evan, Amézquita, Adolfo, Souza, Moisés Barbosa De, Caldwell, Jana- Lee P., Lötters, Stefan, May, Rudolf Von, Melo-Sampaio, Paulo Roberto, Mejía-Vargas, Daniel, Perez-Peña, Pedro, Pepper, Mark, Poelman, Erik H., Sanchez-Rodriguez, Manuel & Summers, Kyle, 2011, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical poison frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) 3083, pp. 1-120 in Zootaxa 3083 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5244214
Entomobrya mitchelli Womersley 1934
Creators: name: Jordana, Rafael
name: Greenslade, Penelope
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Collembola
Entomobryidae
Entomobrya
Entomobrya mitchelli

description: Entomobrya mitchelli Womersley, 1934
(Fig. 58, K–M in Womersley, 1934)
Type locality. Kings Park, Perth, September, 1931, H. Womersley leg.
Lectotype. WA, King’s Park, Perth, - 31.960911°S, 115.832193 ° E, 250m asl, September 1931, H.W. leg., [SAMA I22327].
Paralectotype (s). Mount Barker, Western Australia, in September, 1932, HW. leg., [SAMA I22328].
Other material examined. One slide from Kings Park. Perth, WA collected on 5.ix.31 was determined by Womersley as E. varia. It could be from the same sample that he listed in 1934 determining the specimen as E. mitchelli, [SAMA].
Description. Size. Length 1.2 mm.
Colour. Light greenish–yellow with a blue streak on Abdomen III, and two on IV, one on V; ocellar patches blue-black.
Morphology. Antennae twice as long as head. Mesonotum twice as long as metanotum. Unguis normal; unguiculus lanceolate, reaching beyond distal inner tooth of unguis. Furca long and thin, annulated. Mucro with two teeth and basal spine; non-annulated part of dens 3–4 times as long as mucro. Clothing normal.
Remarks. This species is only known from Western Australia, where it was obtained by sweeping low herbage at King’s Park, Perth and Mount Barker. The latter specimen was not found at the Womersley collection at SAMA, and the Kings Park slide is a ghost, too cleared and impossible to describe. Several attempts have been made in Kings Park and similar vegetation in the vicinity to recollect this species. Unfortunately, since 1931, invasive exotic grasses now dominate the ground layer of remnant vegetation in the park and urban expansion has removed much habitat. The colour as described and figured by Womersley could apply to a number of Entomobrya species. The unguis on the type drawn by Womersley (1934) has four inner teeth instead of the three described by Womersley (1934).
description: Published as part of Jordana, Rafael & Greenslade, Penelope, 2020, Biogeographical and ecological insights from Australasian faunas: the megadiverse collembolan genus, Entomobrya (Entomobryidae), pp. 1-104 in Zootaxa 4770 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4770.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3797958
Spatial Differences in Methane Emissions from Rice Production in the Mid-South
Creators: name: Tsiboe, Francis
name: Nalley, Lawton L.
name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Shew, Aaron M.
name: Tack, Jesse B.
name: Barkley, Andrew
name: Brye, Kristofor R.
name: Tsiboe, Francis
name: Nalley, Lawton L.
name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Shew, Aaron M.
name: Tack, Jesse B.
name: Barkley, Andrew
name: Brye, Kristofor R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Greenhouse Gas
subject: Methane
subject: Rice

description: This study estimates average county/parish and state-level CH4 emissions per hectare (kg CH4 ha-1) as well as CH4 efficiency levels (kg rice/kg CH4 ha-1) in rice production for Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi in order to meassure spatial differences in CH4 emissions. This study focuses on existing rice production practices, specifically, variety selection, crop rotation, and soil texture, which directly affect CH4 emissions. Historical data on varietal selection, crop rotations, and soil texture maps are used to estimate CH4 emissions from 2003-2014. Our findings suggest that on average Mississippi was the most efficient at converting CH4 into rice (267.46 kg rice/kg CH4 ha-1), followed by Arkansas (189.92) and Louisiana (178.80). Specifically, Louisiana was negatively impacted by its large ratoon crop in terms of CH4 use efficiency, with 38% of its primary rice crop being ratooned. Overall, these results provide rice buyers, producers and consumers with important information about the spatial aspects of sustainability in rice production. Furthermore, it gives insight to producers and policy makers about which production practices and locations could benefit from increased demand for sustainable products and more restrictive environmental policies.