cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Scaling Continuous Latent Variable Models as Probabilistic Integral Circuits
Creators: name: Gala, Gennaro
name: de Campos, Cassio
name: Vergari, Antonio
name: Quaeghebeur, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Probabilistic integral circuits (PICs) have been recently introduced as probabilistic models enjoying the key ingredient behind expressive generative models: continuous latent variables (LVs). PICs are symbolic computational graphs defining continuous LV models as hierarchies of functions that are summed and multiplied together, or integrated over some LVs. They are tractable if LVs can be analytically integrated out, otherwise they can be approximated by tractable probabilistic circuits (PC) encoding a hierarchical numerical quadrature process, called QPCs.
 So far, only tree-shaped PICs have been explored, and training them via numerical quadrature requires memory-intensive processing at scale. In this paper, we address these issues, and present: (i) a pipeline for building DAG-shaped PICs out of arbitrary variable decompositions, (ii) a procedure for training PICs using tensorized circuit architectures, and (iii) neural functional sharing techniques to allow scalable training. In extensive experiments, we showcase the effectiveness of functional sharing and the superiority of QPCs over traditional PCs.
What is a good sex life? Exploring the structure of sexual well-being
Creators: name: Mahar, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The planned exclusions and analyses are described in the document OSF Sexual Well-Being Preregistration.docx located in Files [uploaded to OSF on June 29, 2022 and also attached here].
Nonlocal Modeling in High-Velocity Impact Failure of 6061-T6 Aluminum
Creators: name: Ahad, F. R.
name: Enakoutsa, K.
name: Solanki, K. N.
name: Bammann, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present numerical simulations with local and nonlocal models under dynamic loading conditions. We show that for finite element (FE) computations of high-velocity, impact problems with softening material models will result in spurious post-bifurcation mesh dependency solutions. To alleviate numerical instability associated within the post-bifurcation regime, a characteristic length scale was added to the constitutive relations based on calibration of the series of different notch specimen tests. This work aims to assess the practical relevance of the modified model to yield mesh independent results in the numerical simulations of high-velocity impact problems. To this end, we consider the problem of a rigid projectile moving at a range of velocities between 89-107 m/s, colliding against a 6061-T6 Aluminum disk. A material model embedded with a characteristic length scale in the manner proposed by Pijaudier-Cabot and Bazant (1987), but in the context of concrete damage, was utilized to describe the damage response of the disk. The numerical result shows that the addition of a characteristic length scale to the constitutive model does eliminate the pathological mesh dependency and shows excellent agreements between numerical and experimental results. Furthermore, the application of a nonlocal model for higher strain rate behavior shows the ability of the model to address intense localized deformations, irreversible flow, softening, and final failure.
Superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric LaNiC2
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Soumya P.
name: Curnoe, Stephanie H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a discussion of superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric superconductors with spin-orbit coupling. A general expression for the quasiparticle excitation energy is derived. The superconducting states for the point group C2v are classified by symmetry in the limit of weak spin-orbit coupling. A non-unitary triplet pairing gap function can account for observations of broken time-reversal symmetry and nodes in the superconducting state of LaNiC2; however such a gap function also has a gapless branch and requires vanishing spin-orbit coupling.
description: 8 pages no figures
Abbildungen der in Oberbayern und in Schwaben und Neuburg gesetzlich geschützten Pflanzen; [1910]
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2015

description: Die Abbildungen stammen aus Hegi-Dunzinger, Alpenflora, und Hegi, Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa
Mentorías con perspectiva de género: creación de espacios inclusivos en contextos de ingeniería
Creators: name: García-Holgado, Alicia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: mentorías
perspectiva de género
igualdad de género
red de mentorías
internacionalización

description: Presentación en las Jornadas sobre Mujer e Ingeniería organizadas en Ciudad Real por la Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha (UCLM) (https://esi.uclm.es/index.php/2022/11/14/30nov-jornadas-de-mujer-e-ingenieria/).
MPEC 2023-P49 : 2023 PN
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 PN

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Introducción de la perspectiva de género en la investigación
Creators: name: García-Holgado, Alicia
name: González-González, Carina S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: gender mainstreaming
perspectiva de género
enfoque de género
igualdad de género
investigación
gender mainstreaming in research

description: El objetivo principal es abordar la integración del enfoque de género en la investigación con el objetivo de lograr la igualdad de género y desarrollar investigación que tengan en cuenta las diferentes características y problemáticas de la sociedad. La perspectiva de género en la investigación permite: Integrar el análisis de sexo y/o género en el contenido de la investigación y la innovación añade valor a la investigación en términos de excelencia, creatividad y oportunidades de negocio. Tiene en cuenta los aspectos biológicos y/o sociales, el análisis de sexo y género y las categorías sociales que se cruzan, como el origen étnico o la posición socioeconómica. Favorece la innovación y la igualdad al garantizar que los resultados, productos y programas beneficien a todos los ciudadanos y a toda la sociedad.
Novel Properties of Twisted-Light Absorption
Creators: name: Afanasev, Andrei
name: Carlson, Carl E.
name: Mukherjee, Asmita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss novel features of twisted-light absorption both by hydrogen-like atoms and by micro-particles. First, we extend the treatment of atomic photoexcitation by twisted photons to include atomic recoil, derive generalized quantum selection rules and consider phenomena of forbidden atomic transitions. Second, using the same electromagnetic potential for the twisted light beams, we analyze the radiation pressure from these beams on micro-sized particles, and verify that while the Poynting vector can in some circumstances point back toward the source, a complete analysis nonetheless gives a repulsive radiation pressure.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; completed formalism for the radiation pressure
Investigations on the Performances of Centrifugal Pumps with Various Alterations of the Impeller
Creators: name: Murdock, Keith
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1933
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Hydrodynamics

description: Several years ago the writer conferred in settling the problem of changing the operation of a pump delivering 5500 gal. per minute at 168 feet head to that of delivering 3000 gal. per minute at 146 feet head. The driving motor was a 2200 volt A.C. synchronous motor.

The driving speed could not be altered, and the diameter of the impeller could be cut down only a certain amount before the delivery head would be below that required. At the lowest permissible head of operation the delivery was still excessive unless throttling was resorted to. The head delivery curve was so flat at that operating range, throttling of considerable extent would have to be resorted to in order to have sufficient delivery head leaway to meet the slightly fluctuating operating conditions.

The writer made the suggestion that the impeller be altered by blocking off part of the ports, having in mind that such an alteration would permit the pump to continue delivering at sufficient head to meet the requirements, but the capacity would be reduced to the desired amount without the necessity of throttling. It was hoped to gain a substantial savings in operating power by such a procedure.

Inquiry was made of the pump manufacturers to get all possible information concerning any such alterations as might he made to so change the operating characteristics of the pump. They had no information on that phase of the subject they said, and suggested a different impeller. Inasmuch as the change was deemed to be but temporary, it was thought inadvisable to purchase a different impeller, and further, inasmuch as the suggested alteration of the impeller was apparently in a strange field with no information available on the subject, and continuity of service of the pump was of paramount importance, it was thought inadvisable to alter the impeller other than turning down the diameter as far as the delivery head would permit, a good margin of safety being necessary on account of the almost horizontal characteristic of the head-delivery curve at that operating condition.

Due to the experience recounted the following research was conducted to obtain the information desired concerning the alteration of the impeller of a centrifugal pump, such that in the field the impeller may be readily and cheaply altered so the pump will deliver more economically, with the desired factor of safety, at operating conditions of lesser capacity than those for which the pump was originally designed.
Coordinate changed random fields on manifolds
Creators: name: D'Ovidio, Mirko
name: Nane, Erkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G60, 35C10

description: We introduce a class of time dependent random fields on compact Riemannian monifolds. These are represented by time-changed Brownian motions. These processes are time-changed diffusion, or the stochastic solution to the equation involving the Laplace-Beltrami operator and a time-fractional derivative of order $β\in (0,1)$. The time dependent random fields we present in this work can therefore be realized through composition and can be viewed as random fields on randomly varying manifolds.
description: 26 pages, submitted for publication
Muharaf: Manuscripts of Handwritten Arabic Dataset for Cursive Text Recognition
Creators: name: Saeed, Mehreen
name: Chan, Adrian
name: Mijar, Anupam
name: Moukarzel, Joseph
name: Habchi, Georges
name: Younes, Carlos
name: Elias, Amin
name: Wong, Chau-Wai
name: Khater, Akram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the Manuscripts of Handwritten Arabic~(Muharaf) dataset, which is a machine learning dataset consisting of more than 1,600 historic handwritten page images transcribed by experts in archival Arabic. Each document image is accompanied by spatial polygonal coordinates of its text lines as well as basic page elements. This dataset was compiled to advance the state of the art in handwritten text recognition (HTR), not only for Arabic manuscripts but also for cursive text in general. The Muharaf dataset includes diverse handwriting styles and a wide range of document types, including personal letters, diaries, notes, poems, church records, and legal correspondences. In this paper, we describe the data acquisition pipeline, notable dataset features, and statistics. We also provide a preliminary baseline result achieved by training convolutional neural networks using this data.
Application of High Intensity THz Pulses for Gas High Harmonic Generation
Creators: name: Balogh, Emeric
name: Fülöp, József A.
name: Hebling, János
name: Dombi, Péter
name: Farkas, Győző
name: Varjú, Katalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main effects of an intense THz pulse on gas high harmonic generation are studied via trajectory analysis on the single atom level. Spectral and temporal modifications to the generated radiation are highlighted.
Enhancing Knowledge Retrieval with In-Context Learning and Semantic Search through Generative AI
Creators: name: Ghali, Mohammed-Khalil
name: Farrag, Abdelrahman
name: Won, Daehan
name: Jin, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Retrieving and extracting knowledge from extensive research documents and large databases presents significant challenges for researchers, students, and professionals in today's information-rich era. Existing retrieval systems, which rely on general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), often fail to provide accurate responses to domain-specific inquiries. Additionally, the high cost of pretraining or fine-tuning LLMs for specific domains limits their widespread adoption. To address these limitations, we propose a novel methodology that combines the generative capabilities of LLMs with the fast and accurate retrieval capabilities of vector databases. This advanced retrieval system can efficiently handle both tabular and non-tabular data, understand natural language user queries, and retrieve relevant information without fine-tuning. The developed model, Generative Text Retrieval (GTR), is adaptable to both unstructured and structured data with minor refinement. GTR was evaluated on both manually annotated and public datasets, achieving over 90% accuracy and delivering truthful outputs in 87% of cases. Our model achieved state-of-the-art performance with a Rouge-L F1 score of 0.98 on the MSMARCO dataset. The refined model, Generative Tabular Text Retrieval (GTR-T), demonstrated its efficiency in large database querying, achieving an Execution Accuracy (EX) of 0.82 and an Exact-Set-Match (EM) accuracy of 0.60 on the Spider dataset, using an open-source LLM. These efforts leverage Generative AI and In-Context Learning to enhance human-text interaction and make advanced AI capabilities more accessible. By integrating robust retrieval systems with powerful LLMs, our approach aims to democratize access to sophisticated AI tools, improving the efficiency, accuracy, and scalability of AI-driven information retrieval and database querying.
Are Eurocentrism and Babel The Only Options? (ISQ Online forum)
Creators: name: Zarakol, Ayse
Publisher: name: OUP
Year: 2017

description: Charles R. Butcher and Ryan D. Griffiths’ theory note is a welcome addition to the growing literature in IR that aims to study ‘international’ orders pre-dating the modern one we are in. It is increasingly clear that we find ourselves in a moment of systemic transition, and it also seems obvious that our ability to imagine what could come next in world politics depends, to a large extent, on how well we understand what existed before modernity (Ruggie 1995 still makes the best case for this point). Unfortunately, mainstream IR has not been very good at understanding the past, having naively assumed that things taken for granted now —anarchy, modern states, Europe etc.— have always existed in some recognisable form in history. Until recently, this was reinforced with what may at best be termed tunnel vision in IR’s dealings with history, where only those episodes from the past that seemed familiar (the Peloponnesian War, Westphalia, the Concert of Europe, World War I etc.) would even be considered as appropriate sites of inquiry. Having thus reduced all of human history to a few ‘greatest hits’, and hampered in the analysis of even those episodes by the ahistoricism of its conceptual toolkit (see e.g. Lawson 2012), IR would return from its excursions into history with its worst generalisations about the present confirmed, in the manner of an American tourist whose ideas about world cuisine were formed by sampling Big Macs at different national franchises in Europe.
Let the Poem Hit the Rhythm: Using a Byte-Based Transformer for Beat-Aligned Poetry Generation
Creators: name: Elzohbi, Mohamad
name: Zhao, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The intersection between poetry and music provides an interesting case for computational creativity, yet remains relatively unexplored. This paper explores the integration of poetry and music through the lens of beat patterns, investigating whether a byte-based language model can generate words that fit specific beat patterns within the context of poetry. Drawing on earlier studies, we developed a method to train a byte-based transformer model, ByT5, to align poems with beat patterns. The results demonstrate a high level of beat alignment while maintaining semantic coherence. Future work will aim to improve the model's ability to create complete beat-aligned poems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for the 15th International Conference on Computational Creativity, ICCC'24
Gedanken über die fernere Entwicklung Münchens als Kunst- und Industrie-Stadt; 1905
Creators: name: Brougier, Adolph
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2014

description: Nebent.: Gedanken über die fernere Entwickelung Münchens als Kunst- und Industrie-Stadt
Implied Correlation of CDO Index Tranche
Creators: name: Lee, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Implied Correlation of CDO Index Tranche

description: The implied correlations for the CDO index tranches are the correlations backed out by the market quoted prices using CDO valuation models available in the credit library, namely, the Poisson model and the Normal Copula model.
description: https://ia601508.us.archive.org/28/items/flexibleGic/flexibleGic.pdf
Network Reliability: The effect of local network structure on diffusive processes
Creators: name: Youssef, Mina
name: Khorramzadeh, Yasamin
name: Eubank, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper re-introduces the network reliability polynomial - introduced by Moore and Shannon in 1956 -- for studying the effect of network structure on the spread of diseases. We exhibit a representation of the polynomial that is well-suited for estimation by distributed simulation. We describe a collection of graphs derived from Erdős-Rényi and scale-free-like random graphs in which we have manipulated assortativity-by-degree and the number of triangles. We evaluate the network reliability for all these graphs under a reliability rule that is related to the expected size of a connected component. Through these extensive simulations, we show that for positively or neutrally assortative graphs, swapping edges to increase the number of triangles does not increase the network reliability. Also, positively assortative graphs are more reliable than neutral or disassortative graphs with the same number of edges. Moreover, we show the combined effect of both assortativity-by-degree and the presence of triangles on the critical point and the size of the smallest subgraph that is reliable.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
In Situ Dynamic Four-Dimensional Strong Field Ionization Tomography
Creators: name: Shlomo, Noam
name: Frumker, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach for in situ dynamic four-dimensional (4D=3D space + 1D time) laser induced strong field ionization tomography, particularly suited for measuring far-from-equilibrium systems, such as supersonic and hypersonic pulsed gas jets. The inherent physical nature of strong-field interaction leads to significantly enhanced spatial resolution, with unique intensity-resolution coupling and localization of measurement depth. By employing femtosecond laser, temporal resolution is primarily limited by electronic jitter, typically to a few tens of picoseconds.
Trusted CI provides cybersecurity advice on research ship designs
Creators: name: Trusted CI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: cybersecurity, academic research ships, ship design, operational technology, cyber attacks, Trusted CI, NSF Major Facilities,
RCRV, CCRV, Oregon State University, University of California San Diego,

description: In 2022, as part of its mission to enable trustworthy science, Trusted CI conducted a year-long study on the state of operational technology security in NSF Major Facilities. Because facilities often build ships or instruments or buildings that may be in service for 15 or 20 years before a major renovation, it's vital to design these facilities with cybersecurity in mind. In 2023, Trusted CI engaged with NSF-funded facilities in various stages of design and construction to help them build cybersecurity into the design of ships, underwater vehicles, and polar facilities.
Interplay of superconductivity and magnetism in FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_x$ compounds. Pressure effects
Creators: name: Panfilov, A. S.
name: Pashchenko, V. A.
name: Grechnev, G. E.
name: Desnenko, V. A.
name: Fedorchenko, A. V.
name: Grechnev, A. G.
name: Bludov, A. N.
name: Gnatchenko, S. L.
name: Chareev, D. A.
name: Mitrofanova, E. S.
name: Vasiliev, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of uniform pressures $P$ up to 5 kbar on the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ was studied for the FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_x$ ($x=0$, 0.85, 0.88 and 0.9) system. For the first time, we observed a change in sign of the pressure effect on $T_c$ when going from FeSe to tellurium rich alloys. This has allowed to specify the pressure derivative d$T_c$/d$P$ for the system as a function of composition. The observed dependence was compared with results of the {\em ab initio} calculations of electronic structure and magnetism of FeSe, FeTe and FeSe$_{0.5}$Te$_{0.5}$, and also with our recent experimental data on pressure effects on magnetic susceptibilities of FeSe and FeTe compounds in the normal state. This comparison demonstrates a competing interplay between superconductivity and magnetism in tellurium rich FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_x$ compounds
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Responsible innovation in school design – a systematic review
Creators: name: Deppeler, Joanne
name: Aikens, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper considers Responsible Innovation (RI) in relation to the design, construction and use of new schools. Drawing on empirical findings from recent international research we apply four dimensions of a RI Framework to gain a more specific understanding of RI in new school design and identify what might guide future innovation. Our analysis suggests that professional learning, evidence and participatory practices are important for engaging users in design processes. Flexibility and autonomy are key for adapting designs for occupation and for sustainability. Transparent value-based decisions are integral to aligning education agendas with school designs and educational practices. We believe RI offers a frame to think about how we might address challenges of alignment going forward. We conclude our analysis with a call for cross-disciplinary and multi-sectoral applied research, integrating expertise across education, data science, and architecture and design, and through which future-resilient design and successful occupancy can be supported.
Gaussian entanglement induced by an extended thermal environment
Creators: name: Valido, Antonio A.
name: Alonso, Daniel
name: Kohler, Sigmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stationary entanglement among three harmonic oscillators which are dipole coupled to a one-dimensional or a three-dimensional bosonic environment. The analysis of the open-system dynamics is performed with generalized quantum Langevin equations which we solve exactly in Fourier representation. The focus lies on Gaussian bipartite and tripartite entanglement induced by the highly non-Markovian interaction mediated by the environment. This environment-induced interaction represents an effective many-parties interaction with a spatial long-range feature: a main finding is that the presence of a passive oscillator is detrimental for the stationary two-mode entanglement. Furthermore, our results strongly indicate that the environment-induced entanglement mechanism corresponds to uncontrolled feedback which is predominantly coherent at low temperatures and for moderate oscillator-environment coupling as compared to the oscillator frequency.
description: 15 page, 6 figures
Theory of charge-6e condensed phase in Kagome lattice superconductors
Creators: name: Lin, Tong-Yu
name: Song, Feng-Feng
name: Zhang, Guang-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a Ginzburg-Landau theory for commensurate pair density wave (PDW) states in a hexagonal lattice system, relevant to the kagome superconductors $\rm{AV_3Sb_5}$. Compared to previous theoretical frameworks, the commensurate wave vectors permit additional symmetric terms in the free energy, altering the system's ground state and its degeneracy. In particular, we analyze topological defects in the energetically favorable $ψ_{\text{kagome}}$ ground state and find that kinks on domain walls can carry $1/3$ topological charges. We further establish a correspondence between the SC fluctuations in these states and an effective $J_1-J_2$ frustrated XY model on the emergent kagome lattice. By employing a state-of-the-art numerical tensor network method, we rigorously solve this effective model at finite temperatures and confirm the existence of a vestigial phase characterized by $1/3$ vortex-antivortex pairs in low temperatures with the absence of phase coherence of Cooper pairs, which is dual to the charge-$6e$ condensed phase. Our theory provides a potential explanation for the vestigial charge-$6e$ magnetoresistance oscillations observed in recent experiments [J. Ge, et. al., Phys. Rev. X 14, 021025 (2024)].
description: 16 pages, 11 figures; revised version and another author included
Formation of subhorizon black holes from preheating
Creators: name: Torres-Lomas, E.
name: Hidalgo, Juan Carlos
name: Malik, Karim A.
name: Ureña-López, L. Arturo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of primordial black holes (PBHs) during the preheating stage that follows a chaotic inflationary phase. The scalar fields present in the process are evolved numerically using a modified version of the HLATTICE code. From the output of the numerical simulation, we compute the probability distribution of curvature fluctuations, paying particular attention to sub-horizon scales. We find that in some specific models these modes grow to large amplitudes developing highly non-Gaussian probability distributions. We then calculate PBH abundances using the standard Press-Schechter criterion and find that overproduction of PBHs is likely in some regions of the chaotic preheating parameter space.
description: Corrected typos, added references. Matches version accepted by PRD
Geology of Tick Canyon
Creators: name: Bonillas, Ygnacio, III
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1933
Subjects: subject: Tick Canyon
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Tick Canyon lies in the north central portion of the Lang quadrangle, Los Angeles county, California. It is about twenty-five miles northwest from Pasadena as the crow flies, but fifty miles by the most direct roads. The area is easily reached by driving two miles east from the Mint Canyon highway on a road six miles north of the Santa Clara river.

Approximately three square miles were studied. The area is roughly rectangular, extending north and east of the head of Tick Canyon. The investigation was undertaken as a partial fulfillment of the requirement leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science at the California Institute of Technology. As a base map a Los Angeles county map surveyed in 1929 and published in 1933 was used. This has a scale of two-thousand feet to the inch and twenty-five foot contour intervals. It is very satisfactory and makes detailed work possible.

The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to
Dr. John H. Maxson of the Institute staff, and to thank him for his aid and for his fruitful suggestions, which have made the work possible.

This region was previously described by Dr. William S.W.
Kew in Bulletin 753 (1924) of the United States Geological
Survey.

A description of the area was also published by Mr. O.H.
Hershey: Am. Geologist, vol. 29, pp. 356-358, 1902.
Spatial and Spectral Characterization of the Gravitational-wave Background with the PTA Optimal Statistic
Creators: name: Gersbach, Kyle A.
name: Taylor, Stephen R.
name: Meyers, Patrick M.
name: Romano, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have made tremendous progress and are now showing strong evidence for the gravitational-wave background (GWB). Further probing the origin and characteristics of the GWB will require more generalized analysis techniques. Bayesian methods are most often used but can be computationally expensive. On the other hand, frequentist methods, like the PTA Optimal Statistic (OS), are more computationally efficient and can produce results that are complementary to Bayesian methods, allowing for stronger statistical cases to be built from a confluence of different approaches. In this work we expand the capabilities of the OS through a technique we call the Per-Frequency Optimal Statistic (PFOS). The PFOS removes the underlying power-law assumption inherent in previous implementations of the OS, and allows one to estimate the GWB spectrum in a frequency-by-frequency manner. We have also adapted a recent generalization from the OS pipeline into the PFOS, making it capable of accurately characterizing the spectrum in the intermediate and strong GW signal regimes using only a small fraction of the necessary computational resources when compared with fully-correlated Bayesian methods, while also empowering many new types of analyses not possible before. We find that even in the strong GW signal regime, where the GWB dominates over noise in all frequencies, the injected value of the signal lies within the 50th-percentile of the PFOS uncertainty distribution in 41-45% of simulations, remaining 3$σ$-consistent with unbiased estimation.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by Physical Review D
Topography Versus Air Masses: a Discussion of the Phenomena Associated With the Passage of Air Masses Over the Irregularities of the Earth's Surface
Creators: name: Krick, Irving Parkhurst
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1933
Subjects: Meteorology

description: The following paper deals with the effects of the Earth’s topographic features upon the physical properties of air masses. The subject is an extensive one and no attempt will be made at an exhaustive study at this time, but rather a general treatment will be outlined, the detail of which will be attempted at a later date.
Development of pharmacists’ deprescribing role in care home setting
Creators: name: Alharthi, Mohammed S.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background Care Homes Independent Pharmacist Prescribing Study (CHIPPS), hypothesising the benefit to care home residents from medicines management by pharmacist independent prescribers (PIPs), found no impact on the primary outcome measure of falls. This thesis aimed to explain these results from recorded PIP medication review (MR) activities and provide recommendations for enhanced effectiveness of pharmacists with prescribing rights in care homes. An identified lack of MR activities standardised terms resulted in development of an international taxonomy. Aims 1. Explain CHIPPS outcomes. 2. Explain relationship between PIPs deprescribing activities and context. 3. Create a taxonomy of terms resulting from MR activities. Methods Quantitative analysis of CHIPPS medication review data relating activity to contextual factors. Secondary qualitative analysis of PIPs interviews within CHIPPS to understand barriers/enablers to deprescribing. Systematic review to identify terms/definitions to describe MR activities. Consensus methodology with international experts to develop MR activity taxonomy. Results PIPs activities involved 326 (72.6%) CHIPPS participants. A total of 284 (50.2%) clinical activities involved deprescribing, 249 (87.7%) being proactive. There was a 25% reduction in falls risk. The significant predictor for deprescribing was PIP employment by GP. Social influences, beliefs about capabilities, social/professional role and identity, environmental context and resources, and beliefs about consequences were key influencers of PIP deprescribing. Consensus MR activities terms included discontinue, start, dose increase, dose decrease, change timing, change formulation and monitor. Conclusion Falls was a sub-optimal primary outcome measure for CHIPPS because only a quarter of PIPs activities related to medications likely to reduce falls risk. PIPs in medical practices were more likely to undertake deprescribing activities; barriers/enablers identified from interview analysis explained this relationship. Taxonomy developed in this thesis, based on the consensus of experts across four countries, can be used by researchers to enable a consistent approach to process comparison within trials to identify differences.
title: Model choice effects on ecological modelling in Mataura River: SAM Programme 2018
Creators: name: Howard, Simon W.
name: Griffiths, J.
name: Zammit, Christian
name: Rouse, Helen
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2019

description: This report presents the application of the River HYdraulic HABitat SIMulation (RHYHABSIM) model coupled to the suite of hydrological models considered in the Smart models for Aquifer Management (SAM) research programme. Led by GNS Science, the SAM programme aimed to investigate the implications of model simplification on prediction uncertainty, and decision-making in water resource management. Investigation is carried out through inter-comparison of different model uncertainty, in relation to key decision variables, for pre- (a priori) and post- (a posteriori) calibrated models. Models investigated within the SAM programme spanned from simple conceptual models (e.g. V-Notch), to complex semi-distributed models (such as the TopNet model suite), complex distributed models (such as LUCI), and highly complex models (such as MODFLOW). As part of the mid Mataura case study, the impact of hydrological model complexity on ecological variables was investigated at two sites: Riversdale and Otamita. The RHYHABSIM model was applied with surface water flow predictions from three hydrological models (TopNet0, TopNet-GW and MODFLOW) to produce habitat suitability time series. Differences in predicted habitat retention metrics for each model were then compared to assess the influence of hydrological model choice (and parameterisation) on water management decisions (and hence ecological variables). For the water allocation scenarios at Riversdale, the difference in number of days that specified hydro-ecological criteria were met were generally dependent on hydrological model choice. These results were clearer for the MODLFOW and TopNet0 model than for the TopNet-GW model. Reductions in the habitat retention metric at Riversdale were also generally greater than those predicted for the Otamita site. (auth)
The study of $0νββ$ decay of $^{136}$Xe using nonclosure approach in nuclear shell model
Creators: name: Sarkar, S.
name: Iwata, Y.
name: Jha, K.
name: Chatterjee, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this investigation, we compute the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) relevant to the light neutrino-exchange mechanism governing neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay in $^{136}$Xe. Our method is based on the nonclosure approach within the interacting nuclear shell model framework. This approach considers the genuine effects arising from the excitation energies of two hundred states for each spin-parity of the intermediary nucleus $^{136}$Cs. All computations are performed using the effective shell model Hamiltonian GCN5082. To understand the impact of nuclear structure on $0νββ$ decay, we explore the dependence of the NME on various factors, including the number of intermediate states and their spin-parity characteristics. We identify an optimal closure energy of approximately 3.7 MeV for the $0νββ$ decay of $^{136}$Xe that reproduces the nonclosure NME using the closure approach. The calculated total NME for the light neutrino-exchange $0νββ$ decay of $^{136}$Xe is 2.06 with the CD-Bonn short-range correlation (SRC). These results can be valuable for future experimental investigations into the $0νββ$ decay of $^{136}$Xe.
description: 10 pages, and 3 figures
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A TESTING FACILITY FOR REAL-TIME HYBRID SIMULATION WITH A NONLINEAR SPECIMEN
Creators: name: Reyes, Edwin Dielmig Patino
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Structural engineering
Structural dynamics
Earthquake engineering

description: Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) has demonstrated certain advantages over conventional large-scale testing. In an RTHS, the system that is under study is partitioned into a numerical and a physical substructure, where the numerical part is comprised of those elements that are easier to model mathematically, while the physical part consists of those that present a complex behavior difficult to capture in a numerical model. The most complex part of this study is the isolation system, a technology used to protect structures against earthquakes by modifying how they respond to ground motions. Unbonded Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (UFREIs) are devices that can accomplish this task and have gained attention in recent years because of their modest but valuable features that make them suitable for implementation in low-rise buildings and in developing countries because of their low cost. Our end goal for this work is to enable the testing of scaled versions of these elastomeric isolators to understand their behavior under shear tests and realistic loading. A testing instrument was designed and constructed to apply a uniaxial compressive force up to 22kN and a shear force of 8kN simultaneously to the specimens. A testing program was conducted where four primary sources of signal distortion were identified as caused by the servo-hydraulic system. From these results, a mechanics-based model was developed to understand better the dynamics that the sliding table can introduce to the measured signals accounting for inertial and dissipative forces. Two Bouc-Wen models were implemented to simulate the behavior of the UFREIs. The first only accounts for the hysteretic behavior of the isolator, and the second accounts for the additional nonlinearities found in the isolator’s behavior. These models were assembled in a virtual RTHS which is available to users interested in learning the applications of RTHS of a base-isolated structure with a nonlinear component. An RTHS experiment was conducted in the IISL where the control system comprised a delay compensator and a proportional-integral controller, which exhibited a good tracking performance with minimal delay and low RMSE. However, it can increase the distortion of the oil-column resonance in the measured signals. The simulation captures the behavior of the isolated structure for small displacements. However, it underestimates the displacement of the full-scale specimen for large displacements. The RTHS showed a better approximation of the displacement of the full-scale structure than the theoretical behavior approximated by the Bouc-Wen models.
Non resonant transmission modelling with Statistical modal Energy distribution Analysis
Creators: name: Maxit, Laurent
name: Ege, Kerem
name: Totaro, Nicolas
name: Guyader, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical modal Energy distribution Analysis (SmEdA) can be used as an alternative to Statistical Energy Analysis for describing subsystems with low modal overlap. In its original form, SmEdA predicts the power flow exchanged between the resonant modes of different subsystems. In the case of sound transmission through a thin structure, it is well-known that the non resonant response of the structure plays a significant role in transmission below the critical frequency. In this paper, we present an extension of SmEdA that takes into account the contributions of the non resonant modes of a thin structure. The dual modal formulation (DMF) is used to describe the behaviour of two acoustic cavities separated by a thin structure, with prior knowledge of the modal basis of each subsystem. Condensation in the DMF equations is achieved on the amplitudes of the non resonant modes and a new coupling scheme between the resonant modes of the three subsystems is obtained after several simplifications. We show that the contribution of the non resonant panel mode results in coupling the cavity modes of stiffness type, characterised by the mode shapes of both the cavities and the structure. Comparisons with reference results demonstrate that the present approach can take into account the non resonant contributions of the structure in the evaluation of the transmission loss.
description: Journal of Sound and Vibration (2013) - Article in press - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2013.09.007
Modelling the evolution of the Galactic disc scale height traced by open clusters
Creators: name: Moreira, Sandro
name: Moitinho, André
name: Silva, André
name: Almeida, Duarte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The scale height of the spatial distribution of open clusters (OCs) in the Milky Way exhibits a well known increase with age which is usually interpreted as evidence for dynamical heating of the disc or of the disc having been thicker in the past.
 Aims. We address the increase of the scale height with age of the OC population from a different angle. We propose that the apparent thickening of the disc can be largely explained as a consequence of a stronger disruption of OCs near the Galactic plane by disc phenomena, namely encounters with giant molecular clouds (GMCs).
 Methods. We present a computational model that forms OCs with different initial masses and follows their orbits while subjecting them to different disruption mechanisms. To setup the model and infer its parameters, we use and analyse a Gaia-based OC catalogue (Dias et al. 2021). We investigate both the spatial and age distributions of the OC population and discuss the completeness of the sample. The simulation results are then compared to the observations.
 Results. Consistent with previous studies, the observations reveal that the SH of the spatial distribution of OCs increases with age. We find that it is very likely that the OC sample is incomplete even for the solar neighbourhood. The model simulations successfully reproduce the SH increase with age and the total number of OCs that survive with age up to 1 Gyr. For older OCs, the predicted SH from the model starts deviating from the observations, although remaining within the uncertainties of the observations. This can be related with effects of incompleteness and/or simplifications in the model.
 Conclusions. A selective disruption of OCs near the galactic plane through GMC encounters is able to explain the SH evolution of the OC population.
description: This paper has been submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A) on 15/04/2024
A holographic superconductor model in a spatially anisotropic background
Creators: name: Koga, Jun-ichirou
name: Maeda, Kengo
name: Tomoda, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate an anisotropic model of superconductors in the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory with a charged scalar field. It is found that the critical temperature decreases as the anisotropy becomes large. We then estimate the energy gap of the superconductor, and find that the ratio of the energy gap to the critical temperature increases as the anisotropy increases and so it is larger than that in the isotropic case. We also find that peudogap appears due to the anisotropy.
description: 16pages, 6 figures. To be published in PRD