cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gifted adults who overcame academic underachievement in adolescence to succeed: a multiple case study
Creators: name: Wild, Adriana S.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 64-67
description: Includes copy of ethics approval. Original copy with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Through four cases, this qualitative research study focuses on understanding how gifted adults overcame academic underachievement during their adolescence to become successful professionals. Their experiences help further our understanding of gifted underachievement and ways to reverse it. Factors associated with this problem include the home, school, peer environment and self. Findings suggest that participating in extracurricular activities, forming positive relationship with teachers, engaging in a meaningful curriculum, receiving counseling and parental support, can help reverse this problem. Consequently, students overcome developmental challenges to accept their identities and find lifelong success.
Framing Industry: Film-making to Place-making
Creators: name: Shook, Timothy Scott
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Film studies
subject: Architecture
subject: Cinematic
subject: Film-making
subject: Place-making
subject: Post-industrial Infrastructure
subject: Toronto
subject: Ontario

description: This thesis looks at the relationship between film-making and place-making. More specifically, the cinematic techniques used in film and how to translate them into architecture. The thesis proposes a film institute that will celebrate the industry of film, as well as enhance post-industrial redevelopment and create a new mixed-use hub for Toronto, Ontario. The industry of film in Toronto is at a peak and continues to grow into an integrated asset for the city. This thesis explores the expansion of the city’s planned redevelopment to transform the Port Lands, along with the out-of-commission Hearn Generating Station, into a beacon for the city. The Port Lands Film Institute will invite film-makers and film enthusiasts, of all ages and professions, to participate in a unique place of production, education, and innovation.
Symmetry structure of integrable hyperbolic third order equations
Creators: name: Rasin, Alexander G.
name: Schiff, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58D19 17B80

description: We explore the application of generating symmetries, i.e. symmetries that depend on a parameter, to integrable hyperbolic third order equations, and in particular to consistent pairs of such equations as introduced by Adler and Shabat (AS). Our main result is that different infinite hierarchies of symmetries for these equations can arise from a single generating symmetry by expansion about different values of the parameter. We illustrate this, and study in depth the symmetry structure, for two examples. The first is an equation related to the potential KdV equation taken from AS. The second is a more general hyperbolic equation than the kind considered in AS. Both equations depend on a parameter, and when this parameter vanishes they become part of a consistent pair. When this happens, the nature of the expansions of the generating symmetries needed to derive the hierarchies also changes.
description: 21 pages
Socio-Economic and Health Access Determinants of Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening in Low-Income Countries: Analysis of the World Health Survey
Creators: name: Akinyemiju, Omotomilayo F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Epidemiology
Oncology
Medicine

description: Background: Breast and Cervical cancer are the two most common cancers among women in developing countries. Regular screening is the most effective way of ensuring that these cancers are detected at early stages; however few studies have assessed factors that predict cancer screening in developing countries.
Purpose: To assess the influence of household socio-economic status (SES), healthcare access and country level characteristics on breast and cervical cancer screening among women in developing countries.
Methods: Women ages 18–69 years (cervical cancer screening) and 40–69 years (breast cancer screening) from 15 developing countries who participated in the 2003 World Health Survey provided data for this study. Household SES and healthcare access was assessed based on self-reported survey responses. SAS survey procedures (SAS, Version 9.2) were used to assess determinants of breast and cervical cancer screening in separate models.
Results: 4.1% of women ages 18–69 years had received cervical cancer screening in the past three years, while only 2.2% of women ages 40–69 years had received breast cancer screening in the past 5 years in developing countries. Cancer screening rates varied by country; cervical cancer screening ranged from 1.1% in Bangladesh to 57.6% in Congo and breast cancer screening ranged from 0% in Mali to 26% in Congo. Significant determinants of cancer screening were household SES, rural
residence, country health expenditure (as a percent of GDP) as well as healthcare access.
Discussion: A lot more needs to be done to improve screening rates for breast and cervical cancer in developing countries, such as increasing health expenditure (especially in rural areas), applying the increased funds towards the provision of more, better educated health providers as well as improved infrastructure.
Survey of Coherent ~1 Hz Waves in Mercury's Inner Magnetosphere from MESSENGER Observations
Creators: name: Boardsen, Scott A.
name: Slavin, James A.
name: Anderson, Brian J.
name: Korth, Haje
name: Schriver, David
name: Solomon, Sean C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Planetology

description: We summarize observations by the MESSENGER spacecraft of highly coherent waves at frequencies between 0.4 and 5 Hz in Mercury's inner magnetosphere. This survey covers the time period from 24 March to 25 September 2011, or 2.1 Mercury years. These waves typically exhibit banded harmonic structure that drifts in frequency as the spacecraft traverses the magnetic equator. The waves are seen at all magnetic local times, but their observed rate of occurrence is much less on the dayside, at least in part the result of MESSENGER's orbit. On the nightside, on average, wave power is maximum near the equator and decreases with increasing magnetic latitude, consistent with an equatorial source. When the spacecraft traverses the plasma sheet during its equatorial crossings, wave power is a factor of 2 larger than for equatorial crossings that do not cross the plasma sheet. The waves are highly transverse at large magnetic latitudes but are more compressional near the equator. However, at the equator the transverse component of these waves increases relative to the compressional component as the degree of polarization decreases. Also, there is a substantial minority of events that are transverse at all magnetic latitudes, including the equator. A few of these latter events could be interpreted as ion cyclotron waves. In general, the waves tend to be strongly linear and characterized by values of the ellipticity less than 0.3 and wave-normal angles peaked near 90 degrees. Their maxima in wave power at the equator coupled with their narrow-band character suggests that these waves might be generated locally in loss cone plasma characterized by high values of the ratio b of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure. Presumably both electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and electromagnetic ion Bernstein waves can be generated by ion loss cone distributions. If proton b decreases with increasing magnetic latitude along a field line, then electromagnetic ion Bernstein waves are predicted to transition from compressional to transverse, a pattern consistent with our observations. We hypothesize that these local instabilities can lead to enhanced ion precipitation and directly feed fieldline resonances.
title: Activation of the ATX-LPA axis by carcinogenic chemicals
title: New leads to prevent pancreatic cancer?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Högberg, Johan
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pancreatic cancer
subject: Autotaxin
subject: Xenobiotics
subject: Cancer prevention
subject: 610

description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19. 2020, pp. 490-491
Characterization of the Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Porcine Brain Tissue In Vitro
Creators: name: Larsen, Jacob Thomas
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biomechanical engineering
Biomechanics

description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by a violent or sudden blow to the head that causes tearing or bruising of the brain tissue and its supporting blood vessels. Determination of the mechanical properties of gray and white matter is critical for the creation of computational models of healthy and TBI-damaged brain tissues. Current in vivo methods to characterize brain tissue, such as 3D amplified MRI (aMRI) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), are highly vulnerable to motion artifacts and have limited techniques to exert mechanical loads on the brain. Therefore, in vitro testing was employed to estimate the chemical composition of gray and white matter using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the stress responses of the brain tissues to high compressive deformations via unconfined compression. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) was run in conjunction with FTIR spectroscopy to eliminate the need for sample preparation. Unconfined compression of gray and white matter samples was performed to 70% of the total sample height at a constant strain rate of 0.35/s. Results showed significant increases in the absorbances of white matter (p < 0.05) in the characteristic lipid and carbohydrate regions of the FTIR spectra when compared to gray matter. Within the initial 10% toe-region of the stress-strain curve, white matter is observed to absorb significantly greater compressive loads (p < 0.05) than gray matter. These results indicate an incomplete characterization of brain tissue; therefore, additional in vitro and in vivo methods are still necessary, separately or in combination, to accurately characterize brain tissue mechanics in TBI and non-TBI patients.
Out-of-time-order correlators and Lyapunov exponents in sparse SYK
Creators: name: Cáceres, Elena
name: Guglielmo, Tyler
name: Kent, Brian
name: Misobuchi, Anderson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a combination of analytical and numerical methods to study out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs) in the sparse Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. We find that at a given order of N , the standard result for the q-local, all-to-all SYK, obtained through the sum over ladder diagrams, is corrected by a series in the sparsity parameter, k. We present an algorithm to sum the diagrams at any given order of 1/(kq)n. We also study OTOCs numerically as a function of the sparsity parameter and determine the Lyapunov exponent. We find that numerical stability when extracting the Lyapunov exponent requires averaging over a massive number of realizations. This trade-off between the efficiency of the sparse model and consistent behavior at finite N becomes more significant for larger values of N .
description: 22 pages + 18 pages Appendices, 13 Figures. Version submitted to JHEP for publication
Sensitivity potential to a light flavor-changing scalar boson with DUNE and NA64$μ$
Creators: name: Radics, B.
name: Molina-Bueno, L.
name: Fields., L.
name: Sieber, H.
name: Crivelli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we report on the sensitivity potential of complementary muon-on-target experiments to new physics using a scalar boson benchmark model associated with charged lepton flavor violation. The NA64$μ$ experiment at CERN uses a 160-GeV energy muon beam with an active target to search for excess events with missing energy and momentum as a probe of new physics. At the same time, the proton beam at Fermilab, which is used to produce the neutrino beam for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will also produce a high-intensity muon beam dumped in an absorber. Combined with the liquid Argon Near Detector, the system could be used to search for similar scalar boson particles with a lower energy but higher intensity beam. We find that both NA64$μ$ and DUNE could cover new, unexplored parts of the parameter space of the same benchmark model, providing a complementary way to search for new physics.
Symmetries and Systematics of Doubly Heavy Hadrons
Creators: name: Eakins, B.
name: Roberts, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the extension of the superflavor symmetry of doubly heavy baryons to states which contain an excited heavy diquark, and we examine some of the consequences of this symmetry for the spectra of doubly heavy baryons and heavy mesons. We explore the ramifications of a proposed symmetry that relates heavy diquarks to doubly heavy mesons. We present a method for determining how the excitation energy of a system containing two heavy quarks will scale as one changes the strength of the interactions and the reduced mass of the system. We use this to derive consequences of the heavy diquark-doubly heavy meson symmetry. We compare these consequences to the results of a quark model as well as the experimental data for doubly and singly heavy mesons. We also discuss the possibility of treating the strange quark as a heavy quark and apply the ideas developed here to strange hadrons.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, and 17 tables included
Linac-based radiotherapy for epicondylitis humeri
Creators: name: Navaser, Mahmoud
name: Ghaffari, Hamed
name: Mashoufi, Mehrnaz
name: Refahi, Soheila
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: epicondylitis humeri
subject: Radiotherapy
subject: Tennis elbow
subject: Golfer's elbow
subject: 610

description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020
Cyclophilin D Deficiency Rescues Axonal Mitochondrial Transport in Alzheimer’s Neurons
Creators: name: Guo, Lan
name: Du, Heng
name: Yan, Shiqiang
name: Wu, Xiaoping
name: McKhann II, Guy M.
name: Chen, John Xi
name: Yan, Shirley ShiDu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Normal axonal mitochondrial transport and function is essential for the maintenance of synaptic function. Abnormal mitochondrial motility and mitochondrial dysfunction within axons are critical for amyloid β (Aβ)-induced synaptic stress and the loss of synapses relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanisms controlling axonal mitochondrial function and transport alterations in AD remain elusive. Here, we report an unexplored role of cyclophilin D (CypD)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in Aβ-impaired axonal mitochondrial trafficking. Depletion of CypD significantly protects axonal mitochondrial motility and dynamics from Aβ toxicity as shown by increased axonal mitochondrial density and distribution and improved bidirectional transport of axonal mitochondria. Notably, blockade of mPTP by genetic deletion of CypD suppresses Aβ-mediated activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, reverses axonal mitochondrial abnormalities, improves synaptic function, and attenuates loss of synapse, suggesting a role of CypD-dependent signaling in Aβ-induced alterations in axonal mitochondrial trafficking. The potential mechanisms of the protective effects of lacking CypD on Aβ-induced abnormal mitochondrial transport in axon are increased axonal calcium buffer capability, diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppressing downstream signal transduction P38 activation. These findings provide new insights into CypD-dependent mitochondrial mPTP and signaling on mitochondrial trafficking in axons and synaptic degeneration in an environment enriched for Aβ.
Recent studies on kaempferol and its biological and pharmacological activities
Creators: name: Kim, Jae Kwang
name: Park, Sang Un
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Kaempferol
subject: Biological activity
subject: Pharmacological activity
subject: 610

description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19. 2020, pp. 627-634
title: Evaluation of the pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic people – An Ultrasound study
Creators: name: André, Alexandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound
subject: Lung
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Asthma is a heterogeneous desease, that affectchildren, adolescents and young adults and can rarely be diagnosed at older ages. Characterized by a chronic airway inflammation in thebronchi that consequently leads to reversible airflow obstruction....
Tariff Change, Foreign Capital, and Immiserization: A Theoretical Analysis
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Tironi, Ernesto
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1980
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper analyzes the possibility that tariff reductions in the presence of foreign capital may be immiserizing. Other impacts of tariff revisions in a Latin America-like context are also discussed.
High $β$ magnetic reconnection at different altitudes in the cool low solar atmosphere
Creators: name: Zafar, Abdullah
name: Ni, Lei
name: Lin, Jun
name: Ziegler, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically studied magnetic reconnection in a high $β$ hydrogen-helium plasma at different altitudes from the photosphere to the upper chromosphere. The time dependent ionization degrees were included to get more realistic diffusivities and viscosity, and appropriate radiative cooling models were applied. Our numerical results indicate that the plasmoid instability always plays a vital role in speeding up magnetic reconnection at different atmospheric layers. In addition, both the strong radiative cooling and the magnetic diffusion caused by the electron-neutral collision ($η_{en}$) can significantly accelerate magnetic reconnection below the middle chromosphere. On the other hand, both the ambipolar diffusion and the viscosity result in higher temperature and plasma pressure in the reconnection region in the upper chromosphere, which then hinder the fast reconnection process from developing. The local compression heating triggered by turbulent reconnection mediated with plasmoids is the dominant heating mechanism in the unstable reconnection stage at different atmospheric layers, but the viscous heating and the ambipolar diffusion heating are equally important in the upper chromosphere. The Joule heating contributed by $η_{en}$ dominates during the early quasi-steady reconnection stage below the middle chromosphere, the strong radiative cooling also leads to much stronger compression heating and more generation of thermal energy in this region. Though the plasma $β$ is the same in all the simulation cases at different altitudes, the temperature increase is more significant in the upper chromosphere with much lower density and weaker radiative cooling.
title: The effects of spaced transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with conventional dysphagia therapy in Parkinson’s disease
title: a case report
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dashtelei, Ali Akbar
name: Nitsche, Michael A.
name: Bakhtiyari, Jalal
name: Habibi, Seyed Amirhassan
name: Sepandi, Mojtaba
name: Khatoonabadi, Ahmad Reza
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Parkinson’s disease
subject: Dysphagia
subject: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
subject: Non-invasive brain stimulation
subject: Swallowing rehabilitation
subject: 610

description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by a set of motor and non-motor symptoms. Impaired swallowing or dysphagia is one relatively common motor symptom in patients with PD. We investigated whether neuroplasticity induction by spaced transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) combined with conventional swallowing therapy leads to long-lasting effects on swallowing ability in patients with PD. We present a case of a 61-year-old male PD patient with dysphagia. Conventional Swallowing Therapy (CDT) combined with tDCS (bilateral anodal, 1 mA, 20 min, 10 online sessions, twice daily with a 20 min interval in between for five days over two weeks) was applied over the pharyngeal motor cortex. Our findings suggest that anodal tDCS combined with CDT is feasible, safe, and well-tolerated, and leads to a clinically relevant improvement of swallowing functions.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020
Allodape splendidum
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Allodape
Allodape splendidum

description: Allodape sp.
Allodape var.: WALKER 1871a: 50 (descr. ♀, Tadjoura).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Tadjoura.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 934, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Composite structural motifs of binding sites for delineating biological functions of proteins
Creators: name: Kinjo, Akira R.
name: Nakamura, Haruki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Most biological processes are described as a series of interactions between proteins and other molecules, and interactions are in turn described in terms of atomic structures. To annotate protein functions as sets of interaction states at atomic resolution, and thereby to better understand the relation between protein interactions and biological functions, we conducted exhaustive all-against-all atomic structure comparisons of all known binding sites for ligands including small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids, and identified recurring elementary motifs. By integrating the elementary motifs associated with each subunit, we defined composite motifs which represent context-dependent combinations of elementary motifs. It is demonstrated that function similarity can be better inferred from composite motif similarity compared to the similarity of protein sequences or of individual binding sites. By integrating the composite motifs associated with each protein function, we define meta-composite motifs each of which is regarded as a time-independent diagrammatic representation of a biological process. It is shown that meta-composite motifs provide richer annotations of biological processes than sequence clusters. The present results serve as a basis for bridging atomic structures to higher-order biological phenomena by classification and integration of binding site structures.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures
title: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in the anterior mediastinum with a rapidly progressive course
title: a case report
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Sato, Masamichi
name: Inoue, Sumito
name: Arao, Tsuyoshi
name: Igarashi, Akira
name: Yamauchi, Keiko
name: Sato, Kento
name: Nakano, Hiroshi
name: Watanabe, Masafumi
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mediastinal tumor
subject: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
subject: Computed tomography-guided biopsy
subject: 610

description: A 77-year-old woman with heart failure was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed an anterior mediastinal tumor. CT-guided biopsy revealed a malignant nonepithelial tumor of unknown origin. She was not treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy because of her poor clinical condition. She died 33 days after admission. Following autopsy, we confirmed that the mediastinal tumor had infiltrated the large blood vessels. After final histological examination, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was diagnosed. Primary mediastinal sarcomas are very rare; clinicians should be aware of their possibility because some cases may progress rapidly as evidenced in this case.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020
Time for a Rethink
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics

description: In assessing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) on their 10th anniversary, some skeptical and even hostile questions must be asked and answered. More analysis of the targets' ranking is needed to enable meaningful choices to be made among them when not all MDGs can be achieved, and the use of uniform targets for all countries is inappropriate. Additionally, the inclusion of policy instruments as targets has attracted criticism. New leadership is needed to manage the MDGs, addressing the instruments candidly and adding key nuances.
Dihadron momentum imbalance and correlations in d+Au collisions
Creators: name: Kang, Zhong-Bo
name: Vitev, Ivan
name: Xing, Hongxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate in perturbative QCD the transverse momentum imbalance of dijet and dihadron production in high energy p+A (d+A) collisions. We evaluate the effect of both initial- and final-state multiple scattering, which determines the strength of this transverse momentum imbalance. Combining this new result with the suppression of the cross section in d+Au collisions, which arises from cold nuclear matter energy loss and coherent power corrections, we are able to describe the dihadron correlations measured by both PHENIX and STAR collaborations at RHIC, including mid-mid, mid-forward, and forward-forward rapidity hadron pairs.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
title: Bolus-tracking in Hepatic CT studies: a procedure variability analysis
Creators: name: Gaspar, Rosa Cristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Drugs / Reactions
subject: Prospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Correct iodinated contrast media (ICM) administration in multiphase hepatic CT studies is usually essential in the hepatic lesions identification and characterization [1], namely, concerning the administered ICM dose optimization [2] and the...
Quantum mutual information redistribution by Number Partitioning algorithm
Creators: name: Yang, Muchun
name: Xu, Cheng-Qian
name: Zhou, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum information distribution in a tripartite state plays a fundamental role in quantum information processes. Here we investigate how a bipartite unitary transformation $U_{AB}$ redistributes the quantum mutual information with the third party $C$ in a tripartite pure state $|ψ\rangle_{ABC}$ in a $d_A\times d_B\times d_C$ dimensional Hilbert space. In particular, we focus on finding out the optimal unitary transformation $U_{AB}^{\ast}$ that maximizes the quantum mutual entropy between party $A$ and party $C$, $I(A:C)=S(ρ_A)-S(ρ_B)+S(ρ_C)$. We show that the mutual entropy $I(A:C)$ is upper bounded by $2S(ρ_C)$ derived from the Araki-Lieb inequality. This upper bound can be realized via an optimal unitary transformation for any pure state with the rank $r_{C}$ of $ρ_C$ satisfying $r_C\le d_A$. For a generic pure state with $r_C> d_A$, the upper bound can not be realized by any bipartite unitary transformation. To maximize the mutual entropy in the latter case, we propose a fast numerical algorithm to produce an approximate optimal unitary transformation, where our optimization is transformed into a modified number partition problem. The validness of our algorithm is confirmed by its comparison with the results from the Adam algorithm for parameterized unitary transformations. Our approximate algorithm thus provides a practical protocol to implement redistribution of quantum mutual information for a tripartite quantum state with high dimensions.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
title: Otosclerosis: The role of the CT scan in the diagnosis and pre-treatment assessment.
Creators: name: Rim, MAHAD
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Outcomes
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Head and Neck

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: •Imaging is a useful adjunct to the clinical and audiometric information and is often critical to confirm the correct diagnosis and prevent potential complications. (1) •High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) without contrast is the modality...
Men's experiences of couples counselling culminating in the decision to discontinue
Creators: name: Bull, Laura
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Psychological help-seeking has historically been disproportionate between genders, with evidence to suggest that half as many men seek counselling services as women. The extent of physical and mental conditions impacting men as a result of their avoidance of health services places them and their families at enormous risk. When men attend counselling services, they are far more likely to discontinue prematurely in both individual and couples counselling. Further, researchers have voiced the absence of research exploring men’s experiences of counselling, particularly couples counselling, and the factors that promote a positive or negative experience. The purpose of this study is to add to the limited literature on men’s experiences of couples counselling through the use of phenomenological interviews. This research highlights the portions of participants’ experiences that contributed to their decision to discontinue, giving insight to the unique needs of these male participants in the counselling room and opening the doors for future research to determine the generalizability of these findings. Nine themes emerged from the interviews with five participants. These themes were: (1) Perceived counsellor effectiveness, (2) Counsellor bias, (3) Moving forward, (4) Getting derailed, (5) Readiness, (6) Feeling unseen, (7) Feeling unheard, (8) Discomfort with surroundings, (9) Partner openness. In addition, participants provided recommendations for counsellors working with men in the couples counselling field. These recommendations are included in the final section of the findings. This study offers deeper understanding of men’s experiences of couples counselling, and in particular, the experiences that contribute to the sense that counselling did not work. Based on these findings, implications for service providers and future research are outlined.
Monte Carlo radiation hydrodynamics: methods, tests and application to supernova Type Ia ejecta
Creators: name: Noebauer, U. M.
name: Sim, S. A.
name: Kromer, M.
name: Roepke, F. K.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In astrophysical systems, radiation-matter interactions are important in transferring energy and momentum between the radiation field and the surrounding material. This coupling often makes it necessary to consider the role of radiation when modelling the dynamics of astrophysical fluids. During the last few years, there have been rapid developments in the use of Monte Carlo methods for numerical radiative transfer simulations. Here, we present an approach to radiation hydrodynamics that is based on coupling Monte Carlo radiative transfer techniques with finite-volume hydrodynamical methods in an operator-split manner. In particular, we adopt an indivisible packet formalism to discretize the radiation field into an ensemble of Monte Carlo packets and employ volume-based estimators to reconstruct the radiation field characteristics. In this paper the numerical tools of this method are presented and their accuracy is verified in a series of test calculations. Finally, as a practical example, we use our approach to study the influence of the radiation-matter coupling on the homologous expansion phase and the bolometric light curve of Type Ia supernova explosions.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Thermalisation of light sterile neutrinos in the early universe
Creators: name: Hannestad, Steen
name: Tamborra, Irene
name: Tram, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent cosmological data favour additional relativistic degrees of freedom beyond the three active neutrinos and photons, often referred to as 'dark' radiation. Light sterile neutrinos is one of the prime candidates for such additional radiation. However, constraints on sterile neutrinos based on the current cosmological data have been derived using simplified assumptions about thermalisation of the sterile neutrino at the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch. These assumptions are not necessarily justified and here we solve the full quantum kinetic equations in the (1 active + 1 sterile) scenario and derive the number of thermalised species just before BBN begins (T~1MeV) for null (L=0) and large (L=0.01) initial lepton asymmetry and for a range of possible mass-mixing parameters. We find that the full thermalisation assumption during the BBN epoch is justified for initial small lepton asymmetry only. Partial or null thermalisation occurs when the initial lepton asymmetry is large.
description: 19 pages, several figures. Identical to published version, only minor changes to original arXiv version
Severe rhabdomyolysis in homozygote carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
Creators: name: Schnedl, Wolfgang J.
name: Schenk, Michael
name: Enko, Dietmar
name: Mangge, Harald
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
subject: Myalgia
subject: Rhabdomyolysis
subject: Urosepsis
subject: 610

description: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency represents an inherited defect in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Rhabdomyolysis with necrosis of muscle is caused by the destruction of skeletal muscle and leads to systemic, multiorgan complications due to the release of intracellular muscle components. Severe rhabdomyolysis may be triggered by combination of a genetic predisposition, including CPT II deficiency, with additionally acting causes. Generally, patients with CPT II deficiency are rarely clinical recognized and reported. We describe a patient presenting severe rhabdomyolysis due to urosepsis, who, in genetic testing, demonstrated the homozygous CPT II deficiency (c.338C>T, p.Ser113Leu) mutation. The diagnosis of CPT II deficiency helped this patient to put the symptoms into context, and this reduced myopathy and the risk of recurring rhabdomyolysis. We report on this patient to increase awareness of diagnostic and medical management in CPT II deficiency.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020
KiDS-1000: Cosmology with improved cosmic shear measurements
Creators: name: Li, Shun-Sheng
name: Hoekstra, Henk
name: Kuijken, Konrad
name: Asgari, Marika
name: Bilicki, Maciej
name: Giblin, Benjamin
name: Heymans, Catherine
name: Hildebrandt, Hendrik
name: Joachimi, Benjamin
name: Miller, Lance
name: Busch, Jan Luca van den
name: Wright, Angus H.
name: Kannawadi, Arun
name: Reischke, Robert
name: Shan, HuanYuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present refined cosmological parameter constraints derived from a cosmic shear analysis of the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000). Our main improvements include enhanced galaxy shape measurements made possible by an updated version of the lensfit code and improved shear calibration achieved with a newly developed suite of multi-band image simulations. Additionally, we incorporated recent advancements in cosmological inference from the joint Dark Energy Survey Year 3 and KiDS-1000 cosmic shear analysis. Assuming a spatially flat standard cosmological model, we constrain $S_8\equivσ_8(Ω_{\rm m}/0.3)^{0.5} = 0.776_{-0.027-0.003}^{+0.029+0.002}$, where the second set of uncertainties accounts for the systematic uncertainties within the shear calibration. These systematic uncertainties stem from minor deviations from realism in the image simulations and the sensitivity of the shear measurement algorithm to the morphology of the galaxy sample. Despite these changes, our results align with previous KiDS studies and other weak lensing surveys, and we find a ${\sim}2.3σ$ level of tension with the Planck cosmic microwave background constraints on $S_8$.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, minor revisions to match the final accepted version
title: Renal Score and Surgical Complications
Creators: name: Labra Weitzler, Andrés
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Surgery
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Kidney
subject: Genitourinary
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Introduction Partial nephrectomyor nephron-sparingsurgery(NSS)isconsideredthetreatmentofchoiceforlocalizedsmall renalmasseswithoncological outcomecomparableto radical nephrectomy (RN) in patients with renal tumors stage T1( Complication rate of...
On formation of a locally self-similar collapse in the incompressible Euler equations
Creators: name: Chae, Dongho
name: Shvydkoy, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper addresses the question of existence of a locally self-similar blow-up for the incompressible Euler equations. Several exclusion results are proved based on the $L^p$-condition for velocity or vorticity and for a range of scaling exponents. In particular, in $N$ dimensions if in self-similar variables $u \in L^p$ and $u \sim \frac{1}{t^{\a/(1+\a)}}$, then the blow-up does not occur provided $\a >N/2$ or $-1
description: A revised version with improved notation, proofs, etc. 19 pages
A prior regularized full waveform inversion using generative diffusion models
Creators: name: Wang, Fu
name: Huang, Xinquan
name: Alkhalifah, Tariq
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Full waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to provide high-resolution subsurface model estimations. However, due to limitations in observation, e.g., regional noise, limited shots or receivers, and band-limited data, it is hard to obtain the desired high-resolution model with FWI. To address this challenge, we propose a new paradigm for FWI regularized by generative diffusion models. Specifically, we pre-train a diffusion model in a fully unsupervised manner on a prior velocity model distribution that represents our expectations of the subsurface and then adapt it to the seismic observations by incorporating the FWI into the sampling process of the generative diffusion models. What makes diffusion models uniquely appropriate for such an implementation is that the generative process retains the form and dimensions of the velocity model. Numerical examples demonstrate that our method can outperform the conventional FWI with only negligible additional computational cost. Even in cases of very sparse observations or observations with strong noise, the proposed method could still reconstruct a high-quality subsurface model. Thus, we can incorporate our prior expectations of the solutions in an efficient manner. We further test this approach on field data, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Higher-spin algebras and cubic interactions for simple mixed-symmetry fields in AdS spacetime
Creators: name: Boulanger, Nicolas
name: Skvortsov, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonabelian Fradkin-Vasiliev cubic interactions for dual-graviton-like gauge fields with gravity and themselves are constructed in anti-de Sitter spacetime. The Young diagrams of gauge potentials have shapes of 'tall-hooks', i.e. two columns the second of height one. The underlying nonabelian algebra is a Clifford algebra with the anti-de Sitter signature. We also discuss the universal enveloping realization of higher-spin algebras, showing that there is a one-parameter family of algebras compatible with unitarity, which is reminiscent of 3d deformed oscillators.
description: 36 pages; refs added; typos corrected
title: Highlight report: New insights in liver physiology
title: Canalicular bile flux is diffusion dominated
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ezzat Ahmed, Ahmed
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Liver
subject: Liver physiology
subject: Canalicular bile flux
subject: 610

description: One of the central functions of the liver is excretion of bile into the intestine. Currently, bile excretion is explained by the osmotic model, according to which bile acids are excreted by hepatocytes into the bile canaliculi and since bile acids are osmotically active they draw water into the canalicular lumen. Bile canaliculi are closed at the central side. Therefore, bile was postulated to flow to the open side into the ducts. However, bile flow in canaliculi has never been measured because of the small canalicular diameter which does not allow analysis of flux by conventional methods. Recently, methods have been developed that allow flow analysis in bile canaliculi and ducts. Interestingly, no measurable directed flow was observed in the canaliculi. Instead, small molecules in bile canaliculi reached the larger bile ducts by diffusion. Only there measurable flow sets in. The pathophysiological implications of this novel observation are discussed.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020
Additional file 1 of Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for migraine, from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the GBD 2019
Creators: name: Fan, Luying
name: Wu, Yuhang
name: Wei, Jiehua
name: Xia, Fan
name: Cai, Yufeng
name: Zhang, Senmao
name: Miao, Junxiang
name: Zhou, Yunzhe
name: Liu, Chu
name: Yan, Wei
name: Liu, Dan
name: Chen, Lizhang
name: Wang, Tingting
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
title: Algorithm for the Classification of Neuroinfections and Tumors in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: Feitoza, Laisson
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Not applicable
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Infection
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Infections and tumor are common brain diseases that, sometimes, may have similar pattern on brain MRI. Neuroinfections can be caused by diverse etiological agents and affect millions of people worldwide [1, 2]. Altogether, benign and malignant...