Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderi Py-Daniel
Creators: name: Hernández, Luis Miguel
name: Shelley, Anthony John
name: Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna
name: Maia-Herzog, Marilza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium friedlanderi

description: Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderi Py-Daniel   
(Figs. 5, 20, 43, 44, 82–84, 110, 126, 141, 160, 161, 184, 198, 210, 223, 234, 250)  
 This is an uncommon species from Brazil. We base our description mainly upon examination of type material, specimens collected in São Paulo state, and the morphological characters given in Py-Daniel (1987) and Pepinelli et al. (2003).   
 Simulium friedlanderi Py-Daniel, 1987: 331. HOLOTYPE pharate ♂ and pupal exuviae, BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, Chapada, Chapada dos Guimarães; 5.v.1984, (Py-Daniel) (INPA, 6099) [Examined.]   
 Female. General body colour dark brown. Body length (specimen pinned) 3.0 mm (n=1); wing length 2.8 mm (n=1), wing width 1.3 mm (n=1).   
 Head— dichoptic with dark red eyes and nudiocular area developed (Fig. 5). Frons and occiput dark brown with silvery grey pruinosity; clypeus greyish with silver pruinosity; clypeus, frons and occiput covered by golden hairs. Mouthparts dark brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown, and remaining segments yellowish brown. Cibarium unarmed with well developed, sclerotised cornuae (Fig. 20).   
 Thorax— scutum black covered by evenly arranged, recumbent, golden setae; posterior margin with long, recumbent, golden setae. Scutal pattern varying with illumination. With anterior illumination, thorax greyish black with a median and 1+1 submedian, black vittae running from anterior margin for three fourths length of scutum and slightly diverging posteriorly; humeri brown with faint grey pruinosity; lateral and posterior margins weakly pruinose (Fig. 43). With posterior illumination, thorax brownish grey and pattern not obvious; humeri, and lateral and posterior margins black (Fig. 44). Scutellum pale yellow with brown hairs. Postnotum black with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown to black with silver pruinosity. Costa of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta with line of approximately 10 hairs. Radius with line of setae intermixed with spines, basal section of Radius with setae at mid length. Basal tuft of long, dark setae. Leg coloration and proportions as in Figs. 82–84 [based on teneral specimens]. Fore leg with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia pale yellowish; distal end of tibia and tarsal segments dark brown. Mid leg with coxa, trochanter, femur, basal two thirds of tibia and basal half of basitarsus yellowish, remainder dark brown. Hind leg with coxa, distal third of femur, distal half of tibia and basal half of basitarsus dark brown, remainder yellowish. Claw with basal tooth. Haltere whitish, with brown base.   
 Abdomen— tergites brown with silver pruinosity, except tergite II whitish. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Sternites greyish black; genitalia black. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotised with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; gonapophyses glabrous nearly same length as eighth sternite at mid point, subtriangular, membranous and strongly sclerotised on internal margins (Fig. 110). Cercus hemispherical, covered with long brown setae; paraproct subrectangular with ventral extension triangular, truncated apically and about one and a half times as long as cercus, highly sclerotised with weak slight basal prominence on posterior margin at junction with cercus; paraproct covered with long hairs basally and small setae toward apex (Fig. 126). Genital fork with stem long and slender; termination of lateral arms with anterior and posterior processes poorly developed (Fig. 141). Spermatheca subspherical, without external sculpturing or internal spicules; area of insertion of spermathecal duct membranous.   
 Male. General body colour black. Body length (specimens pinned) 2.9mm (n=1), wing length 2.5 mm (n=1), wing width 1.2 mm (n=1).   
 Head — holoptic with dark red eyes. Remainder of head coloration as in female.   
 Thorax— scutum black covered with recumbent, golden setae. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with anterior light source thorax black with faint pruinosity on anterior margin (Fig. 160); humeri black; lateral and posterior margins weakly pruinose. With light source posterior to specimen thorax black (Fig. 161); humeri, lateral and posterior margins of scutum black. Scutellum black with recumbent, golden setae interspersed with long, black setae on posterior margin. Postnotum black with silvery grey pruinosity. Wing setation as in female, except Subcosta with 4–7 setae on basal half its length. Leg coloration as in female.   
 Abdomen— tergites I, III–IX black, tergite II black centrally and yellow on lateral margin; tergite VI with faint silver pruinosity on anterolateral margin; basal fringe with long brown hairs. Genitalia black; tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Gonocoxite subrectangular; gonostyle trapezoidal, nearly same length as gonocoxite, with ridge on median region, and terminating in small spine [only visible at higher magnification]; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long hairs (Fig. 184). Ventral plate subtriangular, sclerotised, pointed apically and with small basal arms; main body of ventral plate covered with small hairs (Fig. 198). Median sclerite Y-shaped with apical incision (Fig. 210). Paramere with developed and sclerotised basal process and several stout teeth apically (Fig. 223).   
 Pupa. Cocoon length dorsally 4.0– 4.7 mm (mean= 4.2 mm; s.d.=0.26, n=5), ventrally 4.3–5.7 mm (mean= 5.2 mm, s.d.=0.56, n=17); pupa ventrally 2.7–3.7 mm (mean= 3.3 mm; s.d.=0.45; n=4); gill length 1.2– 1.7 mm (n=2). [Measurements given in Hamada & Pepinelli, 2003: Cocoon length dorsally 5.5–6.0 mm (n=17), ventrally 3.3–4.1 mm (n=17); gill length 1.1 mm (n=17)].   
 Cocoon— shoe-shaped as in Fig. 236, pale brown composed of thick, coalesced fibres posteriorly and distinct fenestrations anteriorly, with reinforced rim to anterior aperture; margin of aperture elevated.   
 Gill— pale brown with 11 convoluted, curved apically (Fig. 250). stout basally and becoming narrower towards apex, pointed or rounded distally, with small spicules on surface, edges weakly crenate; gill of different length.   
 Head— frontoclypeus with 2+2 trifid, frontal and 1+1 quadrifid, facial trichomes; frontoclypeus with distinct group of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorso-laterally and 2 platelets in one group laterally in frontal region, respectively; tubercles rounded and pointed, densely distributed over entire frontal and facial region.   
 Thorax— with up to 5+5 multibranched trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft, one long, simple trichome centrally and two long, multibranched and one small, single trichomes near ventral margin of thorax; tubercles mostly rounded, densely distributed over entire surface.   
 Abdomen— tergite I with 3+3 small, simple trichomes centrally and 2+2 lateral, one bifid or trifid and the other simple trichomes; tergite II with 4+4 submedian spiniform setae in longitudinal row and 2+2 small simple trichomes anterior to most external, spiniform setae; tergites III and IV with 4+4 submedian simple hooks in longitudinal row and 1+1 small simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks; tergite V with 5+5 small simple trichomes in longitudinal row; tergites VI–VII with 3+3 submedian small setae in longitudinal row; tergite VIII with 2+2 submedian simple setae; tergite IX terminating in small spines. Spine combs on anterior margin of tergites VI–IX. Sternite III with 2+2 simple setae; sternite IV with three simple long setae in row on posterior margin; sternite V with 2+2 closely adjacent simple or bifid hooks, and 2+2 spiniform setae anterior to outer hooks; sternites VI–VII with 2+2 well-separated simple or bifid hooks in row, 1+1 simple small trichomes between and anterior to outermost hooks; sternite VIII with no visible setae; sternite IX with no visible setae and weakly sclerotised. Spine combs on anterolateral margin of sternites III–IX.   
 Larva. A description of the larva is given by Py-Daniel (1987).
description: Published as part of Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna & Maia-Herzog, Marilza, 2008, Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 1834 on pages 24-26, DOI: 10.34631/sporl.419, http://zenodo.org/record/5127135