Three planets transiting the evolved star EPIC 249893012: a hot 8.8-M$_\oplus$ super-Earth and two warm 14.7 and 10.2-M$_\oplus$ sub-Neptunes
Creators: name: Hidalgo, D.
name: Pallé, E.
name: Alonso, R.
name: Gandolfi, D.
name: Fridlund, M.
name: Nowak, G.
name: Luque, R.
name: Hirano, T.
name: Justesen, A. B.
name: Cochran, W. D.
name: Barragan, O.
name: Spina, L.
name: Rodler, F.
name: Albrecht, S.
name: Anderson, D.
name: Amado, P.
name: Bryant, E.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Cabrera, J.
name: Csizmadia, Sz.
name: Dai, F.
name: De Leon, J.
name: Deeg, H. J.
name: Eigmuller, Ph.
name: Endl, M.
name: Erikson, A.
name: Esposito, M.
name: Figueira, P.
name: Georgieva, I.
name: Grziwa, S.
name: Guenther, E.
name: Hatzes, A. P.
name: Hjorth, M.
name: Hoeijmakers, H. J.
name: Kabath, P.
name: Korth, J.
name: Kuzuhara, M.
name: Lafarga, M.
name: Lampon, M.
name: Leao, I. C.
name: Livingston, J.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Montanes-Rodriguez, P.
name: Morales, J. C.
name: Murgas, F.
name: Nagel, E.
name: Narita, N.
name: Nielsen, L. D.
name: Patzold, M.
name: Persson, C. M.
name: Prieto-Arranz, J.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Rauer, H.
name: Redfield, S.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Smith, A. M. S.
name: Subjak, J.
name: Van Eylen, V.
name: Wilson, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a new planetary system with three transiting planets, one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes, that orbit EPIC\,249893012, a G8\,IV-V evolved star ($M_\star$\,=\,1.05\,$\pm$\,0.05\,$M_\odot$, $R_\star$\,=\,1.71\,$\pm$\,0.04\,$R_\odot$, $T_\mathrm{eff}$\,=5430\,$\pm$\,85\,K). The star is just leaving the main sequence. We combined \ktwo \ photometry with IRCS adaptive-optics imaging and HARPS, HARPS-N, and CARMENES high-precision radial velocity measurements to confirm the planetary system, determine the stellar parameters, and measure radii, masses, and densities of the three planets. With an orbital period of $3.5949^{+0.0007}_{-0.0007}$ days, a mass of $8.75^{+1.09}_{-1.08}\ M_{\oplus}$ , and a radius of $1.95^{+0.09}_{-0.08}\ R_{\oplus}$, the inner planet b is compatible with nickel-iron core and a silicate mantle ($ρ_b= 6.39^{+1.19}_{-1.04}$ g cm$^{-3}$). Planets c and d with orbital periods of $15.624^{+0.001}_{-0.001}$ and $35.747^{+0.005}_{-0.005}$ days, respectively, have masses and radii of $14.67^{+1,84}_{-1.89}\ M_{\oplus}$ and $3.67^{+0.17}_{-0.14}\ R_{\oplus}$ and $10.18^{+2.46}_{-2.42}\ M_{\oplus}$ and $3.94^{+0.13}_{-0.12}\ R_{\oplus}$, respectively, yielding a mean density of $1.62^{+0.30}_{-0.29}$ and $0.91^{+0.25}_{-0.23}$ g cm$^{-3}$, respectively. The radius of planet b lies in the transition region between rocky and gaseous planets, but its density is consistent with a rocky composition. Its semimajor axis and the corresponding photoevaporation levels to which the planet has been exposed might explain its measured density today. In contrast, the densities and semimajor axes of planets c and d suggest a very thick atmosphere. The singularity of this system, which orbits a slightly evolved star that is just leaving the main sequence, makes it a good candidate for a deeper study from a dynamical point of view.
description: Accepted for publication in A\&amp; A