cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Diversification perspectives of Guyana’s agrifood sector
Creators: name: Weber, Regine
name: Bubbico, Antonio
name: Morales Opazo, Cristian
name: Weber, Regine
name: Bubbico, Antonio
name: Morales Opazo, Cristian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agrifood
subject: trade
subject: proximity analysis
subject: export diversification

description: Guyana’s agrifood systems are facing an increasing level of risk: rising sea-levels are eroding its coastal area, where much of the agricultural activity is located; recent off-shore oil discoveries threaten to crowd-out non-oil sectors; and a dependency on a limited number of agricultural export commodities exposes the agricultural sector to price and market volatility. The diversification of agricultural production and exports has the potential to generate growth and increase the resilience of the agricultural sector. This study identifies Guyana’s diversification potential using comparative-advantage and export-sophistication metrics, which are combined for a proximity analysis based on Guyana’s production space. The objective is to identify a set of commodities with high export potential, which is in relative proximity to the current agrifood export basket. We find oil seeds, bovine meat, sunflower seed oil, fish flours (for animal feed), palm oil, fowl, cocoa beans, cocoa paste and sunflower seeds to be commodities with high export potential. These commodities share characteristics with the current agrifood export basket. This implies that expanding the exports of these goods will not be costly and is likely to promote economic development, agricultural sector growth and reduce risks associated with market concentration.
description: FAO Document Repository: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc1330en
Cytoskeletal transition at the paranodes: the Achilles' heel of myelinated axons
Creators: name: Bhat, Manzoor A.
name: Sousa, Aurea D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Myelination organizes axons into distinct domains that allow nerve impulses to propagate in a saltatory manner. The edges of the myelin sheath are sealed at the paranodes by axon–glial junctions that have a crucial role in organizing the axonal cytoskeleton. Here we propose a model in which the myelinated axons depend on the axon–glial junctions to stabilize the cytoskeletal transition at the paranodes. Thus paranodal regions are likely to be particularly susceptible to damage induced by demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Impact of Galactic magnetic field modelling on searches of point sources via UHECR-Neutrino correlations
Creators: name: Carpio, Jose
name: Gago, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Jansson-Farrar JF12 magnetic field configuration in the context of point source searches by correlating the Telescope Array ultra-high energy cosmic ray data and the IceCube-40 neutrino candidates. As expected, we have found no correlations, thus, we devote this paper to the study of the effect of different magnetic field hypotheses on the minimum neutrino source flux strength required for a $5σ$ discovery and the derived $90\%$ CL upper limits. In this study we present a comparison between the JF12 field, that includes a combination of regular and random field components, and the standard turbulent magnetic field used in previous correlation analyses. For a wider perspective, we also incorporate in our comparison the cases of no magnetic field and the JF12 regular component alone and consider different power law indices $α=2,α=2.3$ for the neutrino point source flux. Collaterally, a novel parameterisation of the JF12 random component is introduced. We have observed that the discovery potential for a point source search is sensitive to changes in the magnetic field assumptions, being the difference between the models mentioned before between 15% and 26%.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables; submitted to PRD
miR-181d: a predictive glioblastoma biomarker that downregulates MGMT expression
Creators: name: You, Yongping
name: Jiang, Chuanlu
name: Jiang, Tao
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Song, Sonya Wei
name: Ramakrishnan, Valya
name: Hoadley, Katherine
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Kushwaha, Deepa
name: Chen, Clark C.
name: Li, Shouwei
name: Kang, Chunsheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) profiling of 82 glioblastomas demonstrated that miR-181d was inversely associated with patient overall survival after correcting for age, Karnofsky performance status, extent of resection, and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. This association was validated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset (n= 424) and an independent cohort (n= 35). In these independent cohorts, an association of miR-181d with survival was evident in patients who underwent TMZ treatment but was not observed in patients without TMZ therapy. Bioinformatic analysis of potential genes regulated by miR-181d revealed methyl-guanine-methyl-transferase (MGMT) as a downstream target. Indeed, transfection of miR-181d downregulated MGMT mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays and coprecipitation studies showed a direct interaction between miR-181d and MGMT 3′UTR. The suppressive effect of miR-181d on MGMT expression was rescued by the introduction of an MGMT cDNA. Finally, MGMT expression inversely correlated with miR-181d expression in independent glioblastoma cohorts. Together, these results suggest that miR-181d is a predictive biomarker for TMZ response and that its role is mediated, in part, by posttranscriptional regulation of MGMT.
(400273) Henry Johnston
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400274) John Clark Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Suppressing traffic-driven epidemic spreading by edge-removal strategies
Creators: name: Yang, Han-Xin
name: Wu, Zhi-Xi
name: Wang, Bing-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The interplay between traffic dynamics and epidemic spreading on complex networks has received increasing attention in recent years. However, the control of traffic-driven epidemic spreading remains to be a challenging problem. In this Brief Report, we propose a method to suppress traffic-driven epidemic outbreak by properly removing some edges in a network. We find that the epidemic threshold can be enhanced by the targeted cutting of links among large-degree nodes or edges with the largest algorithmic betweeness. In contrast, the epidemic threshold will be reduced by the random edge removal. These findings are robust with respect to traffic-flow conditions, network structures and routing strategies. Moreover, we find that the shutdown of targeted edges can effectively release traffic load passing through large-degree nodes, rendering a relatively low probability of infection to these nodes.
Cooperativity between MAPK and PI3K signaling activation is required for glioblastoma pathogenesis
Creators: name: Schmid, Ralf S.
name: McNeill, Robert S.
name: White, Kristen K.
name: Bash, Ryan E.
name: Werneke, Andrea M.
name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Huff, Byron
name: Wang, Sophie
name: Karpinich, Natalie O.
name: Van Dyke, Terry
name: Vitucci, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Glioblastoma (GBM) genomes feature recurrent genetic alterations that dysregulate core intracellular signaling pathways, including the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and the MAPK and PI3K effector arms of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. Elucidation of the phenotypic consequences of activated RTK effectors is required for the design of effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
(400272) George Johnston
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
$f(R)$ gravity solutions for evolving wormholes
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Subhra
name: Chakraborty, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar-tensor $f(R)$ theory of gravity is considered in the framework of a simple inhomogeneous space-time model. In this we use the reconstruction technique to look for possible evolving wormhole solutions within viable $f(R)$ gravity formalism. These $f(R)$ models are then constrained so that they are consistent with existing experimental data. Energy conditions related to the matter threading the wormhole are analysed graphically and are in general found to obey the null energy conditions (NEC) in regions around the throat, while in the limit $f(R)=R,$ NEC can be violated at large in regions around the throat.
MDA-9/syntenin is a key regulator of glioma pathogenesis
Creators: name: Emdad, Luni
name: Fuller, Christine E.
name: Das, Swadesh K.
name: Dasgupta, Santanu
name: Kegelman, Timothy P.
name: Bacolod, Manny D.
name: Fisher, Paul B.
name: Dent, Paul
name: Bruce, Jeffrey N.
name: Hu, Bin
name: Baldwin, Albert S.
name: Pellecchia, Maurizio
name: Sarkar, Devanand
name: Menezes, Mitchell E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The extraordinary invasiveness of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) contributes to treatment failure and the grim prognosis of patients diagnosed with this tumor. Consequently, it is imperative to define further the cellular mechanisms that control GBM invasion and identify promising novel therapeutic targets. Melanoma differentiation associated gene–9 (MDA-9/syntenin) is a highly conserved PDZ domain–containing scaffolding protein that promotes invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo in human melanoma models. To determine whether MDA-9/syntenin is a relevant target in GBM, we investigated its expression in tumor samples and involvement in GBM invasion and angiogenesis.
Where are we now? And where are we going? A report from the Accelerate Brain Cancer Cure (ABC2) Low-grade Glioma Research Workshop
Creators: name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Yen, Katharine
name: Aldape, Kenneth D.
name: Huse, Jason T.
name: Soffietti, Riccardo
name: Chang, Susan
name: Yip, Stephen
name: Marra, Marco
name: Cloughesy, Timothy
name: Wallace, Max
name: Salama, Sofie R.
name: Costello, Joseph F.
name: Wen, Patrick Y.
name: Haas-Kogan, Daphne A.
name: Nelson, Sarah J.
name: Bettegowda, Chetan
name: Cahill, Daniel P.
name: Brat, Daniel J.
name: Berger, Mitchel S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Diffuse gliomas consist of both low- and high-grade varieties, each with distinct morphological and biological features. The often extended periods of relative indolence exhibited by low-grade gliomas (LGG; WHO grade II) differ sharply from the aggressive, rapidly fatal clinical course of primary glioblastoma (GBM; WHO grade IV). Nevertheless, until recently, the molecular foundations underlying this stark biological contrast between glioma variants remained largely unknown. The discoveries of distinctive and highly recurrent genomic and epigenomic abnormalities in LGG have both informed a more accurate classification scheme and pointed to viable avenues for therapeutic development. As such, the field of neuro-oncology now seems poised to capitalize on these gains to achieve significant benefit for LGG patients. This report will briefly recount the proceedings of a workshop held in January 2013 and hosted by Accelerate Brain Cancer Cure (ABC2) on the subject of LGG. While much of the meeting covered recent insights into LGG biology, its focus remained on how best to advance the clinical management, whether by improved preclinical modeling, more effective targeted therapeutics and clinical trial design, or innovative imaging technology.
Clinical course and progression-free survival of adult intracranial and spinal ependymoma patients
Creators: name: Yuan, Ying
name: Colman, Howard
name: Mikkelsen, Tom
name: Vera-Bolanos, Elizabeth
name: Armstrong, Terri S.
name: Robins, H. Ian
name: Lieberman, Frank S.
name: Wu, Jimin
name: Aldape, Kenneth
name: Prados, Michael
name: Metellus, Philippe
name: Wu, Jing
name: Necesito-Reyes, Mary Jo
name: Gilbert, Mark R.
name: Wani, Khalida
name: Dhall, Girish
name: Omuro, Antonio
name: Soffietti, Riccardo
name: Partap, Sonia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Ependymomas are rare CNS tumors. Previous studies describing the clinical course of ependymoma patients were restricted to small sample sizes, often with patients at a specific institution.
Anexos tesis doctoral FR y PHS Zanja Honda Julian Leal V
Creators: name: Leal Villamil, Julian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soil Science
subject: 50305 Soil Physics
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Este repositorio contienen los anexos correspondientes a la tesis doctoral denominada "EVALUACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO HIDRÁULICO DE SUELOS CON PRESENCIA DE FRAGMENTOS DE ROCA EN EL PERFIL. ESTUDIO DE CASO: MICROCUENCA ZANJA HONDA, CUENCA BAJA DEL RÍO COMBEIMA (IBAGUÉ – TOLIMA)"
Contemporary murine models in preclinical astrocytoma drug development
Creators: name: Wu, Jing
name: McNeill, Robert S.
name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Vitucci, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Despite 6 decades of research, only 3 drugs have been approved for astrocytomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumors. However, clinical drug development is accelerating with the transition from empirical, cytotoxic therapy to precision, targeted medicine. Preclinical animal model studies are critical for prioritizing drug candidates for clinical development and, ultimately, for their regulatory approval. For decades, only murine models with established tumor cell lines were available for such studies. However, these poorly represent the genomic and biological properties of human astrocytomas, and their preclinical use fails to accurately predict efficacy in clinical trials. Newer models developed over the last 2 decades, including patient-derived xenografts, genetically engineered mice, and genetically engineered cells purified from human brains, more faithfully phenocopy the genomics and biology of human astrocytomas. Harnessing the unique benefits of these models will be required to identify drug targets, define combination therapies that circumvent inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms, and develop molecular biomarkers predictive of drug response and resistance. With increasing recognition of the molecular heterogeneity of astrocytomas, employing multiple, contemporary models in preclinical drug studies promises to increase the efficiency of drug development for specific, molecularly defined subsets of tumors.
Relict lineages with extreme ecology and physiology: metal hyperaccumulation on ultramafic substrates in New Caledonian Alseuosmineae (Asterales)
Creators: name: Gotty, Karine
name: Kergoat, Gael J.
name: Jouannais, Pierre
name: Invernón, Vanessa
name: Merlot, Sylvain
name: Pillon, Yohan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: : Relict lineages are an important component of biodiversity, but it is unclear under what circumstances these groups persist. A potential example of such a group is the Alseuosmineae (Asterales) of Oceania. This clade contains the three small families – Alseuosmiaceae, Argophyllaceae and Phellinaceae. The clade has highest diversity in New Caledonia, where there are extensive ultramafic substrates, creating an extreme edaphic environment. : Using several lines of evidence we aimed to show that Alseuosmineae qualifies as a relict lineage, with specialised adaptations for ultramafic substrates. : Molecular phylogenetic and dating analyses were carried out on representatives from all Alseuosmineae genera. Metal concentration in 33 out of 44 Alseuosmineae species was measured in herbarium specimens with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. : Dating analyses indicated that Alseuosmineae began diversifying about 75-80 million years ago, and had much slower net diversification rates than other Asterales groups. One-third of the species occur on ultramafic substrates in New Caledonia. Six are categorised as nickel hyperaccumulators, and two as manganese hyperaccumulators. : Extinction was probably paramount in the history of Alseuosmineae, especially for continental species. We postulate that their adaptation to ultramafic substrates and metal accumulation may have contributed to their survival until today.
Revealing the accretion disc corona in Mrk 335 with multi-epoch X-ray spectroscopy
Creators: name: Keek, L.
name: Ballantyne, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active galactic nuclei host an accretion disc with an X-ray producing corona around a supermassive black hole. In bright sources, such as the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335, reflection of the coronal emission off the accretion disc has been observed. Reflection produces spectral features such as an iron emission line, which allow for properties of the inner accretion disc and the corona to be constrained. We perform a multi-epoch spectral analysis of all XMM-Newton, Suzaku, and NuSTAR observations of Mrk 335, and we optimize our fitting procedure to unveil correlations between the Eddington ratio and the spectral parameters. We find that the disc's ionization parameter correlates strongly with the Eddington ratio: the inner disc is more strongly ionized at higher flux. The slope of the correlation is less steep than previously predicted. Furthermore, the cut-off of the power-law spectrum increases in energy with the Eddington ratio, whereas the reflection fraction exhibits a decrease. We interpret this behaviour as geometrical changes of the corona as a function of the accretion rate. Below ~10% of the Eddington limit, the compact and optically thick corona is located close to the inner disc, whereas at higher accretion rates the corona is likely optically thin and extends vertically further away from the disc surface. Furthermore, we find a soft excess that consists of two components. In addition to a contribution from reflection in low ionization states, a second component is present that traces the overall flux.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ras-mediated modulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity regulates mitochondrial reserve capacity and contributes to glioblastoma tumorigenesis
Creators: name: Forsyth, Peter
name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Sarcar, Bhaswati
name: Nakano, Ichiro
name: Chinnaiyan, Prakash
name: Prabhu, Antony
name: Kim, Sung Hak
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Even though altered metabolism representing a hallmark of cancer was proposed nearly a century ago, recent technological advances have allowed investigators to continue uncovering a previously unrecognized complexity of metabolic programs that drive tumorigenesis beyond that of aerobic glycolysis.
Chronic gestational cocaine treatment decreases oxytocin levels in the medial preoptic area, ventral tegmental area and hippocampus in Sprague-Dawley rats
Creators: name: Meter, K. E.
name: Walker, C. H.
name: Mason, G. A.
name: Johns, J. M.
name: Lubin, D. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: We examined the effects of gestational cocaine treatment on oxytocin levels in the whole hippocampus (HIP), ventral tegmental area (VTA), medial preoptic area (MPOA) and amygdala (AMY) in rat dams on postpartum days (PPDs) 1 and 2. Cocaine treatment significantly reduced oxytocin levels in the MPOA within 12–16 h of delivery (PPD 1), but had no significant effect on the other brain areas. Oxytocin was significantly reduced in the HIP and VTA but not in the AMY or MPOA on PPD 2. These data provide the first evidence for the reduction of oxytocin levels in the VTA, HIP and MPOA as a result of gestational cocaine treatment.
Seed fungal endophytes promote the establishment of invasive Poa annua in maritime Antarctica
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Gabriel I.
name: Acuña-Rodríguez, Ian S.
name: Barrera, Andrea
name: Gundel, Pedro E.
name: Newsham, Kevin K.
name: Molina-Montenegro, Marco A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Invasive plants may displace native species. This is the case for Poa annua, the only non-native plant species successfully established in Maritime Antarctica. Nonetheless, it is uncertain which factors drive the competitive success of P. annua in the harsh environmental conditions of the region. The ability of this plant species to establish novel mutualistic interactions with resident soil fungi may be crucial for its invasiveness. Such ability may be linked to the vertical transmission of fungal endophytes via seeds. We undertook a study to assess the role of seed fungal endophytes as promoters of the establishment and invasion of Poa annua in Maritime Antarctica. We explored the composition and diversity of fungal communities associated with different P. annua tissues (seeds, leaves and roots) and the soil. We also measured parameters including germination rate, above-ground biomass, reproductive structures, and the survival of invasive P. annua as well as of the native Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica grown from seeds with and without endophytes. Furthermore, we conducted inter- and intraspecific competition experiments among native and invasive plants, where chemically mediated plant-to-plant interference (allelopathy) and plant growth rate were measured to calculate a relative competition index. We found that fungal endophyte taxa associated with P. annua tissues were very different from those in the soil. Fungal endophytes in P. annua differed among seed, root and shoot tissues, which suggests low transmission among different organs. The removal of endophytes from P. annua seeds was associated with reduced seed germination, plant growth and survivorship, while the competitive ability of P. annua (assessed by accumulated biomass) relative to native species, as well as levels of allelochemicals in soils, were higher in the presence of seed fungal endophytes. Our results suggest that fungal endophytes, maternally inherited through seeds, improve host fitness and may contribute to the invasive success of P. annua in Antarctica.
Promoting collective motion of self-propelled agents by distance-based influence
Creators: name: Yang, Han-Xin
name: Zhou, Tao
name: Huang, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a dynamic model for a system consisting of self-propelled agents in which the influence of an agent on another agent is weighted by geographical distance. A parameter $α$ is introduced to adjust the influence: the smaller value of $α$ means that the closer neighbors have stronger influence on the moving direction. We find that there exists an optimal value of $α$, leading to the highest degree of direction consensus. The value of optimal $α$ increases as the system size increases, while it decreases as the absolute velocity, the sensing radius and the noise amplitude increase.
Cocaine treatment alters oxytocin receptor binding but not mRNA production in postpartum rat dams
Creators: name: Jarrett, T. M.
name: Walker, C. H.
name: Johns, J. M.
name: McMurray, M. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Gestational cocaine treatment in rat dams results in decreased oxytocin (OT) levels, up-regulated oxytocin receptor (OTR) binding density and decreased receptor affinity in the whole amygdala, all concomitant with a significant increase in maternal aggression on postpartum day six. Rat dams with no gestational drug treatment that received an infusion of an OT antagonist directly into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) exhibited similarly high levels of maternal aggression towards intruders. Additionally, studies indicate that decreased OT release from the hypothalamic division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is coincident with heightened maternal aggression in rats. Thus, it appears that cocaine-induced alterations in OT system dynamics (levels, receptors, production, and/or release) may mediate heightened maternal aggression following cocaine treatment, but the exact mechanisms through which cocaine impacts the OT system have not yet been determined. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that two likely mechanisms of cocaine’s action would be, increased OTR binding specifically in the CeA, and decreased OT mRNA production in the PVN. Autoradiography and in situ hybridization assays were performed on targeted nuclei in brain regions of rat dams on postpartum day six, following gestational treatment twice daily with cocaine (15 mg/kg) or normal saline (1 ml/kg). We now report cocaine-induced reductions in OTR binding density in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), but not the CeA. There was no significant change in OT mRNA production in the PVN following cocaine treatment.
Impact of gestational cocaine treatment or prenatal cocaine exposure on early postpartum oxytocin mRNA levels and receptor binding in the rat
Creators: name: Cox, E. T.
name: Walker, C. H.
name: Johns, J. M.
name: Williams, S. K.
name: McMurray, M. S.
name: Jarrett, T. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Prior research reported decreased oxytocin levels in specific brain regions correlated with disruptions in maternal care following gestational cocaine treatment in rats. Similarly, prenatal exposure to cocaine impaired subsequent maternal behavior in adulthood, but behavioral alterations were not associated with decreases in oxytocin levels in the same brain regions as were found in their cocaine-treated rat dams. To determine if other aspects of the oxytocin system are disrupted by cocaine treatment or prenatal exposure to cocaine during critical time points associated with maternal care, oxytocin mRNA transcription and receptor binding were examined on postpartum day two in relevant brain regions following gestational treatment with, or prenatal exposure to, either cocaine or saline. We hypothesized that oxytocin mRNA levels and receptor binding would be differentially affected by cocaine in the early postpartum period of dams and their offspring. Our findings indicate that gestational cocaine treatment resulted in significant increases in oxytocin mRNA levels in only the paraventricular nucleus of cocaine-treated dams, with almost significant increases in both generations in the supraoptic nucleus, but no significant effects of cocaine on receptor binding in either generation of dams. These findings indicate that in addition to oxytocin levels, cocaine treatment or prenatal exposure primarily affects oxytocin mRNA synthesis, with little effect on receptor binding in specific brain regions associated with maternal behavior in the early postpartum period of the rat.
Increased expression of CGRP in sensory afferents of arthritic mice – effect of genetic deletion of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1
Creators: name: Valtschanoff, Juli G.
name: Willcockson, Helen H.
name: Chen, Yong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), expressed by nociceptive sensory afferents in joints, is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Capsaicin causes neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) to release CGRP from their central and/or peripheral axons, suggesting a functional link between CGRP and the capsaicin receptor TRPV1. The expression of both TRPV1 and CGRP have been reported to increase in several models of arthritis but the specific involvement of TRPV1-expressing articular afferents that can release CGRP remains unclear. We here wanted to ascertain whether the increase in the number of CGRP-positive primary afferents during arthritis may be affected by genetic deletion of TRPV1. For this, we quantified the expression of CGRP in primary afferent neurons in DRG in wild type mice (WT) vs. TRPV1-KO mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), using immunohistochemistry. We found that the fraction of DRG neurons that were immunopositive for CGRP 1) was higher in naïve TRPV1-KO mice than in naïve WT mice, 2) increased progressively 3–21 days after induction of AIA, and 3) this increase was bilateral but significantly greater on the CFA-injected side than on the IFA-injected side in TRPV1-KO mice. The increased expression of CGRP in AIA may reflect a phenotypic switch of primary afferents from non-peptidergic to peptidergic and the larger increase in TRPV1-KO mice may represent a plastic change to compensate for the missing receptor in a major sensory circuit.
Asset Management System for Database Management Systems
Creators: name: Torrecampo, Rey Lawrence L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Data processing
Statistics, computer and systems science
Informatics, computer and systems science
Databases

description: Databases hold critical data that is valuable for both consumers and businesses. As a business expands, the reliance on a healthy and working database becomes imperative for its business operations. Hence, it is essential to maintain and monitor relational databases as they are the backbone for business longevity and growth. This project aims to retrofit the concept of an inventory management system to database systems. The scope and result of this project are to (1) host the system in a webserver, (2) capability to connect to any of the popular relational database systems (SQL Server, Postgres, Oracle, or MySQL), (3) monitor a database’s availability and capacity, and (4) aggregate and display historical data into graphs and tables. The resulting system satisfied the requirements mentioned above. The system is hosted on AWS EC2 Windows 2019. Through the web interface, you can monitor and analyze historical data. With the pyodbc library, it can Extract-Transform-Load data from the target database and then load it to the local database. This method is possible with the help of SQLs native for each target database. Even though numerous database monitoring tools are on the market, this system is a low-cost alternative. Also, the system is still in its infancy. It suffered from project ailments that hindered the progress of this project, such as underestimating tasks, shortage of time, and delayed testing. In essence, the system still satisfies the benchmarks for testing, and it is subjected to future improvements.
description: Master's Thesis / Capstone
description: {"references": ["A. O. Madamidola, O. A. Daramola, and K. G. Akintola, \"Web-based intelligent inventory management system,\" International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, vol. 1, no. 4, May 2017 [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317276986_WEB_- _BASED_INTELLIGENT_INVENTORY_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM. [Accessed: 12-Jan 2022]", "D. V. Aken, D. Yang, S. Brillard, A. Fiorino, B. Zhang, C. Bilien, and A. Pavlo, \"An inquiry into machine learning-based automatic configuration tuning services on real-world database management systems,\" Carnegie Mellon Database Research Group, 01-Mar-2021. [Online]. Available: https://db.cs.cmu.edu/papers/2021/p1241-aken.pdf. [Accessed: 12-Jan-2022]."]}
Habitat preference and vulnerability to drought of three Hypericum species of the páramo
Creators: name: Ayarza-Páez, Alejandra
name: Garzon-Lopez, Carol X.
name: Lasso, Eloisa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Páramos are tropical alpine ecosystems where climate change is expected to cause yet unknown consequences for plant growth, ecosystem structure, ecosystem function and the provision of ecosystem services. To quantify the relationship between environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) and the spatial distribution of three common Hypericum species in the páramo and their physiological vulnerability to drought. We recorded soil water content, soil temperature, and vegetation cover in 10 plots along a moisture gradient. Additionally, we measured a series of physiological traits associated with the risk of drought-induced mortality. We found that H. goyanesii and H. juniperinum mainly grew in areas with high soil water content, and similar high vegetation cover. These two species had wider xylem vessels, showed anisohydric behaviour and were equally vulnerable to cavitation with low safety margins against hydraulic failure. H. mexicanum grew in places with less vegetation cover, lower soil water content, and higher soil temperatures. H. mexicanum showed a different strategy that probably allows it to thrive in these conditions; it maintains high values of water potential at noon and has narrower xylem vessels, making it less vulnerable to cavitation. The distribution of the three Hypericum species in the páramo responds essentially to soil water content, in line with the physiological mechanisms of the species to cope with water deficit. Hypericum species from moist habitats could decline if longer drought episodes become more common in the future.
(400269) David Henry Johnstone
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Effect of genetic deletion of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 on the expression of Substance P in sensory neurons of mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis
Creators: name: Willcockson, Helen H.
name: Valtschanoff, Juli G.
name: Chen, Yong
name: Han, Ji Eun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The neuropeptide Substance P (SP), expressed by nociceptive sensory afferents in joints, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Capsaicin causes neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) to release SP from their central and peripheral axons, suggesting a functional link between SP and the capsaicin receptor, the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The expression of both TRPV1 and SP have been reported to increase in several models of arthritis but the specific involvement of TRPV1-expressing articular afferents that can release SP is not completely understood. We here wanted to ascertain whether the increase in the number of SP-positive primary afferents in arthritis may be affected by genetic deletion of TRPV1. For this, we used immunohistochemistry to quantify the expression of SP in primary afferent neurons in wild type mice (WT) vs. TRPV1-knockout (KO) mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). We found that the expression of SP in DRG 1) increased significantly over naïve level in both WT and KO mice 3 weeks after AIA, 2) was significantly higher in KO mice than in WT mice in naïve mice and 2-3 weeks after AIA, 3) was significantly higheron the side of AIA than on the contralateral, vehicle-injected side at all time points in WT mice, but not in KO mice, and 4) increased predominantly in small-size neurons in KO mice and in small- and medium-size neurons in WT mice. Since the size distribution of SP-positive DRG neurons in arthritic TRPV1-KO mice was not significantly different from that in naïve mice, we speculate that the increased expression of SP is unlikely to reflect recruitment of A-fiber primary afferents and that the higher expression of SP in KO mice may represent a plastic change to compensate for the missing receptor in a major sensory circuit.
The protective effects of the melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist, melanotan-II (MTII), against binge-like ethanol drinking are facilitated by deletion of the MC3 receptor in mice
Creators: name: Olney, J. J.
name: Thiele, T. E.
name: Sprow, G. M.
name: Navarro, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Recent data have implicated the melanocortin (MC) system in modulating voluntary ethanol consumption. Administration of melanotan-II (MTII), a nonselective melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist, reduces voluntary ethanol consumption in C57BL/6J mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that central infusion of MTII effectively reduced voluntary ethanol drinking in mutant mice lacking normal expression of MC3R (MC3R−/− mice) but failed to alter ethanol drinking in mice lacking expression of MC4R, demonstrating that central MTII administration reduces voluntary ethanol drinking by signaling through the MC4R. However, evidence shows that the neurocircuitry recruited during excessive binge-like ethanol drinking versus moderate ethanol drinking are not identical. Thus the present study sought to investigate the potential role of the MC3R in binge-like ethanol intake. To this end, the “drinking in the dark” (DID) procedure, a commonly used animal model of binge-like ethanol drinking, was employed. Wild-type MC3R+/+ and MC3R−/− mice were given intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of MTII (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 μg) prior to the onset of a four-hour testing period in which mice were given access to 20% (v/v) ethanol. Immediately after the four-hour testing period, tail blood samples were collected from each animal in order to assess blood ethanol concentrations (BECs). Consistent with previous findings, central administration of MTII blunted binge-like ethanol drinking in both MC3R+/+ and MC3R−/− mice. Interestingly, all doses of MTII blunted binge-like ethanol drinking in MC3R−/− mice during the first hour of testing, while only the 1.0 μg dose reduced binge-like drinking in MC3R+/+ mice. Thus, MC3R−/− mice were more sensitive to the protective effects of MTII. These data suggest that MC3Rs oppose the protective effects of MTII against binge-like ethanol drinking, and thus selective MC3R antagonists may have potential therapeutic roles in treating excessive ethanol drinking.
Functional selectivity of dopamine D1 receptor agonists in regulating the fate of internalized receptors
Creators: name: Vaidehi, Nagarajan
name: Brown, Justin T.
name: Mailman, Richard B.
name: Griffith, Adam
name: Goddard III, William A.
name: Oloff, Scott
name: Ryman-Rasmussen, Jessica P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Recently, we demonstrated that D1 agonists can cause functionally selective effects when the endpoints of receptor internalization and adenylate cyclase activation are compared. The present study was designed to probe the phenomenon of functional selectivity at the D1 receptor further by testing the hypothesis that structurally dissimilar agonists with efficacies at these endpoints that equal or exceed those of dopamine would differ in ability to influence receptor fate after internalization, a functional endpoint largely unexplored for the D1 receptor. We selected two novel agonists of therapeutic interest that meet these criteria (the isochroman A-77636, and the isoquinoline dinapsoline), and compared the fates of the D1 receptor after internalization in response to these two compounds with that of dopamine. We found that dopamine caused the receptor to be rapidly recycled to the cell surface within 1 h of removal. Conversely, A-77636 caused the receptor to be retained intracellularly up to 48 h after agonist removal. Most surprisingly, the D1 receptor recovered to the cell surface 48 h after removal of dinapsoline. Taken together, these data indicate that these agonists target the D1 receptor to different intracellular trafficking pathways, demonstrating that the phenomenon of functional selectivity at the D1 receptor is operative for cellular events that are temporally downstream of immediate receptor activation. We hypothesize that these differential effects result from interactions of the synthetic ligands with aspects of the D1 receptor that are distal from the ligand binding domain.
Carbon production on accreting neutron stars in a new regime of stable nuclear burning
Creators: name: Keek, L.
name: Heger, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accreting neutron stars exhibit Type I X-ray bursts from both frequent hydrogen/helium flashes as well as rare carbon flashes. The latter (superbursts) ignite in the ashes of the former. Hydrogen/helium bursts, however, are thought to produce insufficient carbon to power superbursts. Stable burning could create the required carbon, but this was predicted to only occur at much larger accretion rates than where superbursts are observed. We present models of a new steady-state regime of stable hydrogen and helium burning that produces pure carbon ashes. Hot CNO burning of hydrogen heats the neutron star envelope and causes helium to burn before the conditions of a helium flash are reached. This takes place when the mass accretion rate is around 10% of the Eddington limit: close to the rate where most superbursts occur. We find that increased heating at the base of the envelope sustains steady-state burning by steepening the temperature profile, which increases the amount of helium that burns before a runaway can ensue.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Using near infra-red spectroscopy for characterization of transiting exoplanets
Creators: name: Aronson, Erik
name: Waldén, Pierre
name: Piskunov, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for observing transiting exoplanets with near-infrared high-resolution spectrometers. We aim to create a robust data analysis method for recovering atmospheric transmission spectra from transiting exoplanets over a wide wavelength range in the near infrared. By using an inverse method approach, combined with stellar models and telluric transmission spectra, the method recovers the transiting exoplanet's atmospheric transmittance at high precision over a wide wavelength range. We describe our method and have tested it by simulating observations. This method is capable of recovering transmission spectra of high enough accuracy to identify absorption features from molecules such as O2, CH4, CO2, and H2O. This accuracy is achievable for Jupiter-size exoplanetsat S/N that can be reached for 8m class telescopes using high-resolution spectrometers (R>20 000) during a single transit, and for Earth-size planets and super-Earths transiting late K or M dwarf stars at S/N reachable during observations of less than 10 transits. We also analyse potential error sources to show the robustness of the method. Detection and characterization of atmospheres of both Jupiter-size planets and smaller rocky planets looks promising using this set-up.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted to A&A