cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Neo-Kolonialismus aus Fernost?
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Jonathan
Year: 2021

description: Chinas Seidenstraße oder Belt and Road-Initiative (BRI) dominiert seit mehreren Jahren die wirtschaftlichen Schlagzeilen – auch wegen militärischer Auseinander- setzungen im Südchinesischen Meer. Viele Anrainerstaaten und Wirtschafts- partner*innen beschweren sich über Chinas dominantes Verhalten. Es regen sich Zweifel, welche Intentionen China hat und zu welchen Konditionen die Investitionen in die Infrastrukturprojekte erfolgen. Dem geht diese Arbeit auf den Grund und untersucht, ob Chinas Absichten neo-koloniale Züge haben und vergleichbar mit der Rolle der damaligen europäischen Kolonialherrschenden sind. Konkret geht es um zwei Hafenprojekte entlang der Seidenstraße: Hambantota in Sri Lanka und Bagamoyo in Tansania. Anhand derer wurden Abhängigkeits- verhältnisse zu China gemessen und die Rolle, die sie in Chinas Außenpolitik spielen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht diese Thematik mit folgenden Forschungsfragen: Was unterscheidet Chinas Außenpolitik und Seidenstraßen-Initiative mit ihren Infrastrukturprojekten von den ehemaligen europäischen Kolonialherrschenden? Und wird die Belt and Road-Initiative eine neue Dynamik in den Süd-Süd- Beziehungen schaffen oder zu einer neuen Form von asymmetrischen Beziehungen in Form von Neo-Kolonialismus zwischen China und BRI- Partnerländern führen? Für die Betrachtung der Verhältnisse zwischen Geber- und Nehmerländern wurden die folgenden Theorien angewandt: Dependenztheorie, Neo-Kolonialismus und International Relations. Im Kontext dieser wurde die Literatur gesichtet und analysiert und schließlich in verschiedenen Kategorien ein Vergleich zwischen China und den damaligen europäischen Kolonialherrschenden sowie den westlichen Entwicklungshilfeorganisationen und -institutionen aufgestellt. Die Analyse und der Vergleich stellt fest, dass Chinas Handeln neo-koloniale Züge mit imperialistischen Zügen hat, sich aber in vielerlei Hinsicht von einer reinen Kolonialmacht unterscheidet. Die fernöstliche Macht baut auf den Strukturen der ehemaligen Kolonialherrschenden auf und bietet eine Alternative zu westlicher Hilfe. China fordert die amerikanische Hegemonie heraus und strebt selbst die Rolle der neuen, führenden Regionalmacht in der Indian Ocean Region (IOR) an.
title: Zwischen Konsum und Moral
Creators: name: Baier, Anna
Year: 2021

description: Der nachhaltige Konsum hat in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Sowohl aus gesellschaftlicher, politischer und wirtschaftlicher Sicht ist dieser Zuwachs zu erkennen. Vor allem im Lebensmittel und Kosmetikbereich boomt der Bio-Trend. Jedoch stellt sich die Frage, ob auch in Bezug auf die Modebranche ein nachhaltiger Konsum zu verzeichnen ist, ob der Konsumenten seinen moralischen Anforderungen nachgeht oder eine Kluft zwischen Einstellung und Verhalten in Bezug auf den nachhaltigen Modekonsum herrscht. Weiters stellt sich die Frage, wie mit der aufkommenden kognitiven Dissonanz umgegangen wird, welche Faktoren dafür ausschlaggebend sind und welche Informationen rezipiert werden, um diese zu reduzieren. Auch in den Medien ist das Thema Nachhaltigkeit präsent. Sie berichten über Greenwashing-Vorfälle, welche eingesetzt werden, um das Unternehmen nachhaltiger erscheinen zu lassen. Weiters beginnt der Konsument sich über die Corporate Social Responsibility eines Unternehmens zu informieren. Sollte jedoch das präsentierte Bild eines Unternehmens im Widerspruch mit den Handlungen stehen, kann dies die Glaubwürdigkeit des Unternehmens gefährden. Daher ist es für Unternehmen von großer Bedeutung ihrer gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung nachzukommen und diese durch verschiedene Kommunikationskanäle an die Konsumenten zu vermitteln. Um diese Fragen beantworten zu können wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit 16 Interviews durchgeführt, welche anhand einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein nachhaltiger Modekonsum von den Konsumenten nicht aktiv verfolgt wird. Jedoch beginnt der Konsument sich über diesen zu informieren und sich mit Bekannten, Freunden und Familie darüber auszutauschen. Diese verschiedenen Informationen können jedoch eine kognitive Dissonanz zwischen Einstellung und Verhalten herbeiführen. Der Konsument versucht dieses Spannungsverhältnis durch die Anpassung des Verhaltens gegenüber der Einstellung, oder durch die Veränderung der Situation zugunsten seines Konsums zu reduzieren. Weiters zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass der Konsument vorwiegend die Massenmedien, wie auch die Website eines Unternehmens und ihre Social-Media-Kanäle nutzt, um sich über die CSR-Aktivitäten zu informieren. Jedoch ein Vertrauensverlust bezüglich der Informationen, die ein Unternehmen über ihr gesellschaftliches Engagement veröffentlicht, vorliegt. Dieses Misstrauen kann durch negative Schlagzeilen und Greenwashing-Vorfälle geprägt werden und dazu führen, dass der Konsument die Informationen über die Werte, Produktions- und Arbeitsbedingungen eines Unternehmens mit Skepsis entgegentritt oder ein Unternehmen boykottiert. Um dieses Misstrauen zu reduzieren ist es von großer Relevanz, dass ein Unternehmen Transparenz ist und dem Konsumenten all diese Informationen zu Verfügung stellt. Printversion beinhaltet eine CD
Towards Robust Detection of Open Source Software Supply Chain Poisoning Attacks in Industry Environments
Creators: name: Zheng, Xinyi
name: Wei, Chen
name: Wang, Shenao
name: Zhao, Yanjie
name: Gao, Peiming
name: Zhang, Yuanchao
name: Wang, Kailong
name: Wang, Haoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The exponential growth of open-source package ecosystems, particularly NPM and PyPI, has led to an alarming increase in software supply chain poisoning attacks. Existing static analysis methods struggle with high false positive rates and are easily thwarted by obfuscation and dynamic code execution techniques. While dynamic analysis approaches offer improvements, they often suffer from capturing non-package behaviors and employing simplistic testing strategies that fail to trigger sophisticated malicious behaviors. To address these challenges, we present OSCAR, a robust dynamic code poisoning detection pipeline for NPM and PyPI ecosystems. OSCAR fully executes packages in a sandbox environment, employs fuzz testing on exported functions and classes, and implements aspect-based behavior monitoring with tailored API hook points. We evaluate OSCAR against six existing tools using a comprehensive benchmark dataset of real-world malicious and benign packages. OSCAR achieves an F1 score of 0.95 in NPM and 0.91 in PyPI, confirming that OSCAR is as effective as the current state-of-the-art technologies. Furthermore, for benign packages exhibiting characteristics typical of malicious packages, OSCAR reduces the false positive rate by an average of 32.06% in NPM (from 34.63% to 2.57%) and 39.87% in PyPI (from 41.10% to 1.23%), compared to other tools, significantly reducing the workload of manual reviews in real-world deployments. In cooperation with Ant Group, a leading financial technology company, we have deployed OSCAR on its NPM and PyPI mirrors since January 2023, identifying 10,404 malicious NPM packages and 1,235 malicious PyPI packages over 18 months. This work not only bridges the gap between academic research and industrial application in code poisoning detection but also provides a robust and practical solution that has been thoroughly tested in a real-world industrial setting.
description: To appear in the 39th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE'24 Industry Showcase), October 27-November 1, 2024, Sacramento, CA, USA
"From every shires ende"
Creators: name: Nakley, Susan Marie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Despite Geoffrey Chaucer's longstanding reputation as the English nation's first writer, his relation to the problem of nationhood has just begun to receive extensive critical attention. This dissertation clarifies the nature of Chaucer's national imagination by drawing on recent developments in postcolonial critique, in particular the work of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. It argues that Chaucer's concept of nationhood relies on his engagement with internationalism. It argues further that Chaucer finds the first possibilities for the concept in vernacular language and popular access to British history. The latter characteristically involves anachronism, a tool which, paradoxically, Chaucer uses to reshape the two fundamental components of his national ideals: sovereignty and domesticity. Chaucerian nationhood predates modern nationalism, but they cannot be divorced. The dissertation compares the two argues that nationhood can be better understood by comparing historically disparate forms. The first chapter surveys nationhood's place in Chaucer's reception history. Chapter two considers his relation to thinkers like Dante, Marsilius of Padua and Nicole Oresme, and fourteenth-century politics. Chapter three argues that by imagining England as a national homeland in the Canterbury Tales' General Prologue and frame narrative, Chaucer uses nationhood to understand why people participate in political community even when its costs outweigh its benefits. Chapter four exposes tensions between the Knight's Tale's imperial and national ambitions. Chapter five presents the Man of Law's Tale and the Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale as complementary facets of the Matter of Britain. In its reading of the Man of Law's Tale, English national sovereignty depends on anachronistic misreadings of Islam. It then argues that the Wife of Bath amends the Man of Law';s conception of sovereignty, rendering it a cross-class, cross-gender affair that extends expectations of love and continuity from the nuclear family to a larger national family. The dissertation concludes that Chaucer represents England the nation in complementary forms as a sovereign power, a trans-historical community of comrades, and a homeland.
Phylogeny of Metabolic Networks: A Spectral Graph Theoretical Approach
Creators: name: Deyasi, Krishanu
name: Banerjee, Anirban
name: Deb, Bony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many methods have been developed for finding the commonalities between different organisms to study their phylogeny. The structure of metabolic networks also reveal valuable insights into metabolic capacity of species as well as into the habitats where they have evolved. We constructed metabolic networks of 79 fully sequenced organisms and compared their architectures. We used spectral density of normalized Laplacian matrix for comparing the structure of networks. The eigenvalues of this matrix reflect not only the global architecture of a network but also the local topologies that are produced by different graph evolutionary processes like motif duplication or joining. A divergence measure on spectral densities is used to quantify the distances between various metabolic networks, and a split network is constructed to analyze the phylogeny from these distances. In our analysis, we focus on the species, which belong to different classes, but appear more related to each other in the phylogeny. We tried to explore whether they have evolved under similar environmental conditions or have similar life histories. With this focus, we have obtained interesting insights into the phylogenetic commonality between different organisms.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. Accepted in Journal of Biosciences
VI Reunión de Coordinación de las Redes LILACS y BVS: 2017 – Proceso de evaluación de revistas para BDENF y LILACS 01
Creators: name: BIREME/OPS/OMS
name: Lana, Francisco Carlos Félix
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: LILACS database
LILACS network coordination
LILACS methodology

description: Sesión 06 | 08 de agosto 2017 Tema: Proceso de selección de revistas Página de las reuniones de coordinación: http://lilacs.bvsalud.org/es/2017/05/11/reuniones-de-coordinacion-lilacs/
Entanglement and spin squeezing in non-Hermitian phase transitions
Creators: name: Lee, Tony E.
name: Reiter, Florentin
name: Moiseyev, Nimrod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that non-Hermitian dynamics generate substantial entanglement in many-body systems. We consider the non-Hermitian Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model and show that its phase transition occurs with maximum multiparticle entanglement: there is full N-particle entanglement at the transition, in contrast to the Hermitian case. The non-Hermitian model also exhibits more spin squeezing than the Hermitian model, showing that non-Hermitian dynamics are useful for quantum metrology. Experimental implementations with trapped ions and cavity QED are discussed.
description: 5 pages + appendix
Discrete line complexes and integrable evolution of minors
Creators: name: Bobenko, Alexander I.
name: Schief, Wolfgang K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the classical Plücker correspondence, we present algebraic and geometric properties of discrete integrable line complexes in $CP^3$. Algebraically, these are encoded in a discrete integrable system which appears in various guises in the theory of continuous and discrete integrable systems. Geometrically, the existence of these integrable line complexes is shown to be guaranteed by Desargues' classical theorem of projective geometry. A remarkable characterisation in terms of correlations of $CP^3$ is also recorded.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures; updated references
Models Are Codes: Towards Measuring Malicious Code Poisoning Attacks on Pre-trained Model Hubs
Creators: name: Zhao, Jian
name: Wang, Shenao
name: Zhao, Yanjie
name: Hou, Xinyi
name: Wang, Kailong
name: Gao, Peiming
name: Zhang, Yuanchao
name: Wei, Chen
name: Wang, Haoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The proliferation of pre-trained models (PTMs) and datasets has led to the emergence of centralized model hubs like Hugging Face, which facilitate collaborative development and reuse. However, recent security reports have uncovered vulnerabilities and instances of malicious attacks within these platforms, highlighting growing security concerns. This paper presents the first systematic study of malicious code poisoning attacks on pre-trained model hubs, focusing on the Hugging Face platform. We conduct a comprehensive threat analysis, develop a taxonomy of model formats, and perform root cause analysis of vulnerable formats. While existing tools like Fickling and ModelScan offer some protection, they face limitations in semantic-level analysis and comprehensive threat detection. To address these challenges, we propose MalHug, an end-to-end pipeline tailored for Hugging Face that combines dataset loading script extraction, model deserialization, in-depth taint analysis, and heuristic pattern matching to detect and classify malicious code poisoning attacks in datasets and models. In collaboration with Ant Group, a leading financial technology company, we have implemented and deployed MalHug on a mirrored Hugging Face instance within their infrastructure, where it has been operational for over three months. During this period, MalHug has monitored more than 705K models and 176K datasets, uncovering 91 malicious models and 9 malicious dataset loading scripts. These findings reveal a range of security threats, including reverse shell, browser credential theft, and system reconnaissance. This work not only bridges a critical gap in understanding the security of the PTM supply chain but also provides a practical, industry-tested solution for enhancing the security of pre-trained model hubs.
description: To appear in the 39th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE'24), October 27-November 1, 2024, Sacramento, CA, USA
title: Die Problematik der Neuedition von Lautentabulaturen anhand der Allemande aus der Lauten-Sonate Nr. 1 von Silvius Leopold Weiss
Creators: name: Mazaji, Saba
Year: 2021

description: Um die Musik von S. L. Weiss (1687-1750) für die Laute komponierte Musik stilgerecht auf ein modernes Gitarren-Instrument zu übertragen, bedarf es einer grundlegenden Analyse der in der Zeit des Komponisten gültigen ästhetischen Präferenzen. Die Sonate Nr. 1 für Laute ist hierfür ein Schlüsselwerk, denn diese verweist sowohl auf Weiss den Lautenisten als auch auf seine kompositorischen Fähigkeiten in allen ihren Facetten und bietet Einblick in die Merkmale der damals präsenten Stile - wie etwa Style-Brise, Legato Stil und Galanter Stil - sowie deren typische Verzierungen und Effekte. Nur die Kenntnis dieser stilistischen Charakteristika der Weiss'schen Lautenkompositionen ermöglicht es den Editoren sowie den Interpreten diese Stücke adäquat zu übertragen bzw. wiederzugeben. Editoren und Interpreten nähern sich dieser Aufgabe auf vielfältige Weise an und verfolgen unterschiedliche Lösungswege. Diese reichen von notwendigen Modifikationen des Original-Tabulaturtextes in Anpassung an die moderne Gitarre, bis hin zur Modifikation der Stimmung und Saitenanzahl der Gitarre als Anpassung an die Musik reichen.
title: Der Bedeutungswandel der Christlichen Topographie im 9. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Plank, Sarah
Year: 2021

description: Mit dem offiziellen Ende des Byzantinischen Bilderstreits beginnt eine Blütezeit der illuminierten Handschriftenproduktion. Der Khludov Psalter (Moskau, Hist. mus. Cod. 129), die Sacra Parallela (Par. gr. 923) und der Psalter Pantokrator 61 (Athos, Pantokrator 61) sind berühmt für ihre ikonophilen Inhalte in Wort und Bild. Ebenfalls in diesen Zeitraum fällt die Herstellung des prächtigen Codex Vat. gr. 699, der eine Kopie der im 6. Jahrhundert verfassten Christlichen Topographie (CT) beinhaltet. Der Verfasser war Kosmas Indikopleustes, der mit seiner Abhandlung das Ziel verfolgte, den Aufbau des Kosmos zu beschreiben und darzustellen. Mit der Annahme, die Welt wäre das Abbild des alttestamentarischen Bundeszelts, stand er keineswegs alleine da, sondern ganz in der Tradition der antiochenischen Schule. Die Gelehrtenwelt der zweiten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts, in der die CT kopiert wurde, setzt sich jedoch weniger mit Fragestellungen der Kosmologie auseinander, sondern verteidigt vornehmlich die Ikonophilie, um ein nochmaliges Aufflammen des Bilderstreits zu verhindern. Es stellt sich nun die Frage, weshalb man zu diesem Zeitpunkt ein kosmologisches Werk kopiert. Die Hypothese dieser Masterarbeit lautet, dass die CT aufgrund ihrer christologischen Auseinandersetzung mit Bild und Abbild und damit der Legitimation der Herstellung von heiligen Ikonen reproduziert wurde. Dieses Argument der Christologie war nicht nur hinsichtlich kosmologischer Fragen interessant, sondern bildet einen Grundpfeiler der byzantinischen Bilderverteidigung. Hinzu kommen die Argumente der Tradition und des Antijudaismus, die die CT ebenfalls bedient. Der Codex Vat. gr. 699 zählt also zur Gruppe der oben genannten Codices, allerdings propagiert er die Ikonophile nicht dermaßen aggressiv, sondern überzeugt mithilfe christologischer Argumentation.
Studying the sensitivity of monotop probes to compressed supersymmetric scenarios at the LHC
Creators: name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Richardson, Peter
name: Wilcock, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity of the Large Hadron Collider to supersymmetric setups using monotop probes in which the signal is a single top quark produced in association with missing transverse energy. Our prospective study relies on Monte Carlo simulations of 300 invfb of proton- proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV and considers both leptonic and hadronic monotop decays. We present analysis strategies sensitive to regions of the supersymmetric parameter space which feature small superparticle mass splittings and illustrate their strengths in the context of a particular set of benchmark scenarios. Finally, we compare the regions of parameter space expected to be accessible with monotops probes during the next run of the LHC to the reach of more traditional search strategies employed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, where available.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; version accepted by EPJC
Early formation of massive, compact, spheroidal galaxies with classical profiles by violent disc instability or mergers
Creators: name: Ceverino, Daniel
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Tweed, Dylan
name: Primack, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the formation of massive stellar spheroids between redshifts $z=4$ and 1 using a suite of AMR hydro-cosmological simulations. The spheroids form as bulges, and the spheroid mass growth is partly driven by violent disc instability (VDI) and partly by mergers. A kinematic decomposition to disc and spheroid yields that the mass fraction in the spheroid is between 50\% and 90\% and is roughly constant in time, consistent with a cosmological steady state of VDI discs that are continuously fed from the cosmic web. The density profile of the spheroid is typically "classical", with a Sersic index $n = 4.5\pm 1$, independent of whether it grew by mergers or VDI and independent of the feedback strength. The disc is characterized by $n=1.5\pm 0.5$, and the whole galaxy by $n=3\pm 1$. The high-redshift spheroids are compact due to the dissipative inflow of gas and the high universal density. The stellar surface density within the effective radius of each galaxy as it evolves remains roughly constant in time after its first growth. For galaxies of a fixed stellar mass, the surface density is higher at higher redshifts.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Dark matter and dark energy in combinatorial quantum gravity
Creators: name: Trugenberger, Carlo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that dark matter and dark energy arise naturally in a recently proposed model of combinatorial quantum gravity. Dark energy is due to the ground-state curvature at finite coupling, dark matter arises from allotropy in the discrete structure of space-time. The stable structure of the space-time "crystal" represents the curved background, the coexisting metastable allotropes of higher curvature and energy are natural candidates for dark matter.
Revisiting the axion bounds from the Galactic white dwarf luminosity function
Creators: name: Bertolami, Marcelo M. Miller
name: Melendez, Brenda E.
name: Althaus, Leandro G.
name: Isern, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that the shape of the luminosity function of white dwarfs (WDLF) is a powerful tool to check for the possible existence of DFSZ-axions, a proposed but not yet detected type of weakly interacting particles. With the aim of deriving new constraints on the axion mass, we compute in this paper new theoretical WDLFs on the basis of WD evolving models that incorporate for the feedback of axions on the thermal structure of the white dwarf. We find that the impact of the axion emission into the neutrino emission can not be neglected at high luminosities ($M_{\rm Bol}\lesssim 8$) and that the axion emission needs to be incorporated self-consistently into the evolution of the white dwarfs when dealing with axion masses larger than $m_a\cos^2β\gtrsim 5$ meV (i.e. axion-electron coupling constant $g_{ae}\gtrsim 1.4\times 10^{-13}$). We went beyond previous works by including 5 different derivations of the WDLF in our analysis. Then we have performed $χ^2$-tests to have a quantitative measure of the assessment between the theoretical WDLFs ---computed under the assumptions of different axion masses and normalization methods--- and the observed WDLFs of the Galactic disk. While all the WDLF studied in this work disfavour axion masses in the range suggested by asteroseismology ($m_a\cos^2β\gtrsim 10$ meV; $g_{ae}\gtrsim 2.8\times 10^{-13}$) lower axion masses can not be discarded from our current knowledge of the WDLF of the Galactic Disk. A larger set of completely independent derivations of the WDLF of the galactic disk as well as a detailed study of the uncertainties of the theoretical WDLFs is needed before quantitative constraints on the axion-electron coupling constant can be made.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Superconducting properties variation with A15 composition in Nb3Sn
Creators: name: Li, Yingxu
name: Gao, Yuanwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov-Gor'kov (GLAG) theory to account for the variation of the upper critical field Hc2 with Sn content in A15-type Nb3Sn. Hc2 at the vicinity of the critical temperature Tc is related quantitatively to the electrical resistivity, specific heat capacity coefficient and Tc, with inclusion of the electron-phonon coupling correction, Pauli paramagnetic limiting and martensitic phase transformation of A15 lattices. Hc2 near Tc is then extrapolated to Hc2(0) at temperature 0K, and Hc2(0) versus tin content agrees well with experiments. We find that, as Sn content gradually approaches the stoichiometry, Nb3Sn undergoes a transition from the dirty limit to clean limit, split by the phase transformation boundary. The H-T phase boundary and the pinning force show different behaviors in the cubic and tetragonal phase. Applying the theoretical formulas in the technical Nb3Sn wire, we obtain the dependence of the composition gradient on the superconducting properties variation in the A15 layer, as well as the curved tail at vicinity of Hc2 in the Kramer plot of the Nb3Sn wire. This gives a better understanding of the inhomogeneous-composition inducing discrepancy between the results by the state-of-art scaling laws and experiments.
Fostering adaptive expertise through the Electronic Learning Record (ELR) method
Creators: name: Webber, Chase
name: Tomblinson, Courtney
name: Cutrer, Bill
name: Crook, Travis
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Background: Adaptive expertise is the end goal of lifelong learners who balance efficiency with innovation, carry forward knowledge into future practice, and develop novel tools to tackle new problems. Learning opportunities in the clinical environment can be fleeting: valuable clinical questions, teaching points, and moments of reflection may not extend beyond the conversations of the ward team. Too often, the learning that happens on rounds, stays on rounds.



In HPE, adaptive expertise has been analyzed through think-aloud interviews, progress note interpretation, and ethnographic study. But what if there were a way to capture learning more authentically when and where it happens, for teams to co-construct as they learn together? This session presents the Electronic Learning Record (ELR), a team-based microlearning network utilizing mobile technology and note-taking software to promote Master Adaptive Learning by clinical teaching teams at Vanderbilt. Drawing on insights from this two-year project involving 15 ward teaching faculty and their learners, this interactive session will demonstrate how participants can adopt the innovative ELR method—in their teams, personal practice, or both—to more authentically and digitally capture, store, and retrieve teaching scripts for future use.



Structure of Workshop: In this workshop, the facilitators will: a) introduce the theoretical framework of adaptive expertise; b) move from theory to practice by showing examples of routine vs. adaptive expertise in the clinical learning environment; c) present their personal experience with the five-step ELR method (choose a notebook, invite in your team, develop and share, collaborate, and capture/delegate/crowdsource the learning); d) share use cases, example ELR scripts, and core principles, and e) guide participants in hands-on application of the ELR method through a group-work exercise.



Intended Outcomes: Participants will gain familiarity with the ELR method to increase teaching success, improve learner engagement, and foster an environment of co-created learning. They will gather creative insights on how to lower the activation energy for learners to embark on the road to adaptive expertise. The speakers will provide powerful evidence for how technological innovations should capture, support, and supplement the human learning process, rather than supplant it.
Relativistic symmetry breaking in light kaonic nuclei
Creators: name: Yang, Rong-Yao
name: Jiang, Wei-Zhou
name: Xiang, Qian-Fei
name: Zhang, Dong-Rui
name: Wei, Si-Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the experimental data from kaonic atoms and $K^{-}N$ scatterings imply that the $K^{-}$-nucleon interaction is strongly attractive at saturation density, there is a possibility to form $K^{-}$-nuclear bound states or kaonic nuclei. In this work, we investigate the ground-state properties of the light kaonic nuclei with the relativistic mean field theory. It is found that the strong attraction between $K^{-}$ and nucleons reshapes the scalar and vector meson fields, leading to the remarkable enhancement of the nuclear density in the interior of light kaonic nuclei and the manifest shift of the single-nucleon energy spectra and magic numbers therein. As a consequence, the pseudospin symmetry is shown to be violated together with enlarged spin-orbit splittings in these kaonic nuclei.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Particle-resolved dynamics during multilayer growth of C$_{60}$
Creators: name: Kleppmann, Nicola
name: Klapp, Sabine H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using large-scale kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulations, we investigate the non-equilibrium surface growth of the fullerene C$_{60}$. Recently, we have presented a self-consistent set of energy barriers that describes the nucleation and multilayer growth of C$_{60}$ for different temperatures and adsorption rates in quantitative agreement with experiments [Bommel et al., Nat. Comm. 5, 5388 (2014)]. We found that C$_{60}$ displays lateral diffusion resembling colloidal systems, however it has to overcome an atom-like energetic step-edge barrier for interlayer diffusion. Here, we focus on the particle-resolved dynamics, and the interplay between surface morphology and particle dynamics during growth. Comparing C$_{60}$ growth with an atom-like system, we find significant differences in the evolution of the surface morphology, as well as the single-particle dynamics on the growing material landscape. By correlating the mean-squared-displacement of particles with their current neighborhood, we can identify the influence of the different time scales that compete during growth and can pinpoint the differences between the two systems.
Relevance of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for thermal relaxation
Creators: name: Khodja, Abdellah
name: Steinigeweg, Robin
name: Gemmer, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the validity of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and its role for the occurrence of initial-state independent (ISI) equilibration in closed quantum many-body systems. Using the concept of dynamical typicality, we present an extensive numerical analysis of energy exchange in integrable and nonintegrable spin-1/2 systems of large size outside the range of exact diagonalization. In case of nonintegrable systems, our finite-size scaling shows that the ETH becomes valid in the thermodynamic limit and can serve as the underlying mechanism for ISI equilibration. In case of integrable systems, however, indication of ISI equilibration has been observed despite the violation of the ETH. We establish a connection between this observation and the need of choosing a proper parameter within the ETH.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary document for Strategies for in-situ thin film filter monitoring with broadband spectrometer - 6292923.pdf
Creators: name: Zideluns, Janis
name: Lemarchand, Fabien
name: arhilger, detlef
name: Hagedorn, Harro
name: Lumeau, Julien
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental document
Semi-Analytic Galaxy Formation in Massive Neutrino Cosmologies
Creators: name: Fontanot, Fabio
name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Bianchi, Davide
name: Viel, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The constraints on neutrino masses led to the revision of their cosmological role, since the existence of a cosmological neutrino background is a clear prediction of the standard cosmological model. In this paper, we study the impact of such background on the spatial distribution of both Dark Matter (DM) and galaxies, by coupling $N$-body numerical simulations with semi-analytic models (SAMs) of galaxy formation. Cosmological simulations including massive neutrinos predict a slower evolution of DM perturbations with respect to the $Λ$CDM runs with the same initial conditions and a suppression on the matter power spectrum on small and intermediate scales, thus impacting on the predicted properties of galaxy populations. We explicitly show that most of these deviations are driven by the different $σ_8$ predicted for cosmologies including a massive neutrino background. We conclude that independent estimates of $σ_8$ are needed, in order to unambiguously characterise the effect of this background on the growth of structures. Galaxy properties alone are a weak tracer of deviations with respect to the $Λ$CDM run, but their combination with the overall matter distribution at all scales allows to disentangle between different cosmological models. Moreover, these deviations go on opposite direction with respect to competing models like modified gravity, thus weakening any detectable cosmological signal. Given the ubiquitous presence of a neutrino background, these effects have to be taken into account in future missions aimed at constraining the properties of the "Dark" components of the Universe.
description: MNRAS accepted; 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Describing the Observed Cosmic Neutrinos by Interactions of Nuclei with Matter
Creators: name: Winter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IceCube have observed neutrinos which are presumably of extra-galactic origin. Since specific sources have not yet been identified, we discuss what could be learned from the conceptual point of view. We use a simple model for neutrino production from the interactions between nuclei and matter, and we focus on the description of the spectral shape and flavor composition observed by IceCube. Our main parameters are spectral index, maximal energy, magnetic field, and composition of the accelerated nuclei. We show that a cutoff at PeV energies can be achieved by soft enough spectra, a cutoff of the primary energy, or strong enough magnetic fields. These options, however, are difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis that these neutrinos originate from the same sources as the ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We demonstrate that heavier nuclei accelerated in the sources may be a possible way out if the maximal energy scales appropriately with the mass number of the nuclei. In this scenario, neutrino observations can actually be used to test the UHECR acceleration mechanism. We also emphasize the need for a volume upgrade of the IceCube detector for future precision physics, for which the flavor information becomes a statistical meaningful model discriminator as qualitatively new ingredient.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Several clarifications. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Pulse propagation, population transfer and light storage in five-level media
Creators: name: Grigoryan, G.
name: Chaltykyan, V.
name: Gazazyan, E.
name: Tikhova, O.
name: Paturyan, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider adiabatic interaction of five-level atomic systems and their media with four short laser pulses under the condition of all two-photon detunings being zero. We derive analytical expressions for eigenvalues of the system's Hamiltonian and determine conditions of adiabaticity for both the atom and the medium. We analyse, in detail, the system's behaviour when the eigenvalue with non-vanishing energy is realized. As distinct from the usual dark state of a five-level system (corresponding to zero eigenvalue), which is a superposition of three states, in our case the superposition of four states does work. This seemingly unfavourable case is nevertheless demonstrated to imitate completely a three-level system not only for a single atom but also in the medium, since the propagation equations are also split into those for three- and two-level media separately. We show that, under certain conditions, all the coherent effects observed in three-level media, such as population transfer, light slowing, light storage, and so on, may efficiently be realized in five-level media. This has an important advantage that the light storage can be performed twice in the same medium, i.e., the second pulse can be stored without retrieving the first one, and then the two pulses can be retrieved in any desired sequence.
Excitation of Photons by Inflationary Gravitons
Creators: name: Wang, C. L.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a recent result for the graviton contribution to the one loop vacuum polarization to solve the effective field equations for dynamical photons on de Sitter background. Our results show that the electric field experiences a secular enhancement proportional to the number of inflationary e-foldings. We discuss the minimum this establishes for primordial inflation to seed cosmic magnetic fields.
description: Version 2 revised for publication in Physical Review D contains substantial discussion of the eventual breakdown of perturbation implied by our result
Development and Characterization of a Multi-APD Xenon Electroluminescence TPC
Creators: name: Lux, T.
name: Soto, A. Garcia
name: Ballester, O.
name: Bordoni, S.
name: Gil-Botella, I.
name: Hamer, N.
name: Illa, J.
name: Mañas, G. Jover
name: Martin-Mari, C.
name: Palomares, C.
name: Rico, J.
name: Sanchez, F.
name: Santorelli, R.
name: Verdugo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of an electroluminescence (EL) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with a multi avalanche photodiode (APD) readout was studied in pure xenon at 3.8 bar. Intercalibration and reconstruction methods were developed and applied to the data yielding energy resolutions as good as 5.3$\pm$0.1 \% FWHM for 59.5 keV gammas from $^{241}$Am. This result was reproduced with a Monte Carlo (MC) based on Geant4 and Penelope which predicted 5.2 \% FWHM for the used setup. Point resolutions of $\approx 0.5$ mm were obtained with a pitch of 15 mm between the APDs. These results show that multi-APD readout is a competitive technology for EL detectors filled with pure xenon.
description: 27 pages, 23 figures, submitted to JINST, Rev. 18.12.2014
Thermo-electric transport in gauge/gravity models with momentum dissipation
Creators: name: Amoretti, Andrea
name: Braggio, Alessandro
name: Maggiore, Nicola
name: Magnoli, Nicodemo
name: Musso, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic definition and analysis of the thermo-electric linear response in gauge/gravity systems focusing especially on models with massive gravity in the bulk and therefore momentum dissipation in the dual field theory. A precise treatment of finite counter-terms proves to be essential to yield a consistent physical picture whose hydrodynamic and beyond-hydrodynamics behaviors noticeably match with field theoretical expectations. The model furnishes a possible gauge/gravity description of the crossover from the quantum-critical to the disorder-dominated Fermi-liquid behaviors, as expected in graphene.
description: 35 pages, 10 figures; v3: precise hydrodynamic bounds added, refinement of some comments about the WL law
Conservative Signal Processing Architectures For Asynchronous, Distributed Optimization Part I: General Framework
Creators: name: Baran, Thomas A.
name: Lahlou, Tarek A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a framework for designing a class of distributed, asynchronous optimization algorithms, realized as signal processing architectures utilizing various conservation principles. The architectures are specifically based on stationarity conditions pertaining to primal and dual variables in a class of generally nonconvex optimization problems. The stationarity conditions, which are closely related to the principles of stationary content and co-content that can be derived using Tellegen's theorem in electrical networks, are in particular transformed via a linear change of coordinates to obtain a set of linear and nonlinear maps that form the basis for implementation. The resulting algorithms specifically operate by processing a linear superposition of primal and dual decision variables using the associated maps, coupled using synchronous or asynchronous delay elements to form a distributed system. A table is provided containing specific example elements that can be assembled to form various optimization algorithms directly from the corresponding problem statements.
Quantum resource theory of coding for error correction
Creators: name: Wang, Dong-Sheng
name: Liu, Yuan-Dong
name: Wang, Yun-Jiang
name: Luo, Shunlong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Error-correction codes are central for fault-tolerant information processing. Here we develop a rigorous framework to describe various coding models based on quantum resource theory of superchannels. We find, by treating codings as superchannels, a hierarchy of coding models can be established, including the entanglement assisted or unassisted settings, and their local versions. We show that these coding models can be used to classify error-correction codes and accommodate different computation and communication settings depending on the data type, side channels, and pre-/postprocessing. We believe the coding hierarchy could also inspire new coding models and error-correction methods.
The Elliott-Halberstam conjecture implies the Vinogradov least quadratic nonresidue conjecture
Creators: name: Tao, Terence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11L20, 11L40

description: For each prime $p$, let $n(p)$ denote the least quadratic nonresidue modulo $p$. Vinogradov conjectured that $n(p) = O(p^\eps)$ for every fixed $\eps>0$. This conjecture follows from the generalised Riemann hypothesis, and is known to hold for almost all primes $p$ but remains open in general. In this paper we show that Vinogradov's conjecture also follows from the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture on the distribution of primes in arithmetic progressions, thus providing a potential "non-multiplicative" route to the Vinogradov conjecture. We also give a variant of this argument that obtains bounds on short centred character sums from "Type II" estimates of the type introduced recently by Zhang and improved upon by the Polymath project, or from bounds on the level of distribution on variants of the higher order divisor function. In particular, we can obtain an improvement over the Burgess bound would be obtained if one had Type II estimates with level of distribution above $2/3$ (when the conductor is not cube-free) or $3/4$ (if the conductor is cube-free); morally, one would also obtain such a gain if one had distributional estimates on the third or fourth divisor functions $τ_3, τ_4$ at level above $2/3$ or $3/4$ respectively. Some applications to the least primitive root are also given.
description: 25 pages, no figures. A variant of the argument using distribution estimates of divisor-type functions, which gives somewhat better numerical exponents, has been added; also some new references added, and referee suggestions incorporated
Non-Markovian Quantum State Diffusion for Temperature-Dependent Linear Spectra of Light Harvesting Aggregates
Creators: name: Ritschel, Gerhard
name: Suess, Daniel
name: Möbius, Sebastian
name: Strunz, Walter T.
name: Eisfeld, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Markovian Quantum State Diffusion (NMQSD) has turned out to be an efficient method to calculate excitonic properties of aggregates composed of organic chromophores, taking into account the coupling of electronic transitions to vibrational modes of the chromophores. NMQSD is an open quantum system approach that incorporates environmental degrees of freedom (the vibrations in our case) in a stochastic way. We show in this paper that for linear optical spectra (absorption, circular dichroism) no stochastics is needed, even for finite temperatures. Thus, the spectra can be obtained by propagating a single trajectory. To this end we map a finite temperature environment to the zero temperature case using the so-called thermofield method. The resulting equations can then be solved efficiently by standard integrators.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures