cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Per una critica della ragione tattile: dal corpo politico all’ontologia aptica. Note filosofiche a margine di una pandemia con e oltre Jean-Luc Nancy
Creators: name: Recchia Luciani, Francesca Romana
Publisher: name: Post-filosofie
Year: 2020
Subjects: corpo; tatto; respiro; Jean-Luc Nancy

description: Nel bel mezzo dell’epidemia globale virale COVID-19, che ha investito a partire da gennaio 2020 progressivamente tutti i continenti, il modello economico tardocapitalista di crescita esponenziale e predatoria, fatta di saccheggi di risorse e di ferite inferte alla biosfera e al pianeta, ha mostrato l’evidenza del proprio fallimento. Filosofare nell’epoca della postpandemia significa cominciare a pensare a nuovi paradigmi di convivenza a partire dal corpo “singolare plurale” in quanto entità politica che fonda la comunità e dal tatto come senso dell’“in-comune”. Una critica della ragione tattile che comprenda un’ontologia aptica in cui toccare, con e oltre le riflessioni in merito di Jean-Luc Nancy, viene assunto come base delle relazioni interumane e respirare come un diritto condiviso tra umanità e biosfera può essere questo ricominciamento. In the midst of the global viral epidemic COVID-19, which has progressively invested all continents since January 2020, the late-capitalist economic model of exponential and predatory growth, made of looting of resources and wounds inflicted on the biosphere and the planet, showed evidence of its failure. To do philosophy in the post-pandemic era means beginning to think of new paradigms of coexistence starting from the “singular plural” body as a political entity that founded the community and from touch as the sense of the “in-common”. A criticism of tactile reason that includes a haptic ontology in which to touch, with and beyond the reflections about it of Jean-Luc Nancy, is taken as the basis of interhuman relations and to breathe as a shared right between humanity and the biosphere can be this restart.
description: Post-filosofie, N. 12 (2019): Anno 12. Numero12. Le rivoluzioni dell’alterità
The effect of autologous platelet rich plasma on tenocytes of the human rotator cuff
Creators: name: Pauly, Stephan
name: Klatte-Schulz, Franka
name: Stahnke, Katharina
name: Scheibel, Markus
name: Wildemann, Britt
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: PRP
subject: Platelet rich
subject: Rotator cuff
subject: Tenocyte
subject: Tendon cell
subject: Autologous
subject: Growth factor
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in rotator cuff repairs but its effect on the healing process is unclear. Several cell culture studies on the effect of allogenic PRP have reported promising results but are not transferable to clinical practice.The aim of the present study is to assess the possible effect of autologous PRP on rotator cuff tendon cells. The amount of growth factors involved with tendon-bone healing (PDGF-AB, IGF-1, TGF-β1, BMP-7 and -12) is quantified. Methods: Rotator cuff tissue samples were obtained from (n=24) patients grouped by age (>/<65years) and sex into four groups and cells were isolated and characterized. Later, autologous PRP preparations were obtained and the effect was analyzed by means of cell proliferation, collagen I synthesis and expression of collagen I and III. Furthermore, the PRPs were quantified for growth factor content by means of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), as well as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -7 and-12. Results: Cell proliferation and absolute synthesis of collagen I were positively affected by PRP exposure compared to controls (p<0.05), but expression and relative synthesis of collagen I (normalized to cell proliferation) were significantly reduced.PRP contained high amounts of IGF-1 and lower levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. The amounts of BMP-7 and -12 were below the detection limits. Conclusions: PRP is a source of growth factors such involved with tendon-bone healing. PRP had an anabolic effect on the human rotator cuff tenocytes of the same individual in vitro by means of cell proliferation and absolute, but not relative collagen I synthesis.These results encourage further studies on clinical outcomes with more comparable standards in terms of preparation and application methods. Level of evidence: Controlled laboratory study.
Functional outcome and complication rate after percutaneous suture of fresh Achilles tendon ruptures with the Dresden instrument
Creators: name: Manegold, Sebastian
name: Tsitsilonis, Serafim
name: Schumann, Jakob
name: Gehlen, Tobias
name: Agres, Alison N.
name: Keller, Johannes
name: Gesslein, Markus
name: Wichlas, Florian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Achilles tendon
subject: Rupture
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Minimal invasive
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with a rupture of the Achilles tendon (ATR) treated percutaneously with the Dresden instrument in the hands of surgeons others than its inventors. Materials and methods: 118 patients (FU rate: 77.1%) with an acute ATR treated with the Dresden instrument were retrospectively evaluated. The following data were evaluated: pain intensity, functional limitation, Hannover score, Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, Tegner activity score, complications, maximum calf circumference (MCC) on both sides, and the Matles test for tendon lengthening. The effect of the time point of the surgery after trauma was examined. Results: Hannover scores and ATRSs were good; AOFAS scores were excellent. Almost all patients returned to sporting activities postoperatively, and 66.1% were able to return to their previous level. The Tegner activity score revealed a slight posttraumatic decrease (p=0.009) in the level of physical activity overall (pre-injury: 5.370.15; postoperatively: 4.77 +/- 0.15). The re-rupture rate was 2%. No sural nerve lesions and no infections were reported. Even after 3years, there was still a difference in MCC that was correlated with inferior clinical score and AT lengthening. Patients treated within the first 2days after ATR showed inferior clinical outcomes in terms of AOFAS score, ATRS, and functional limitations. Conclusions: Percutaneous ATR suture with the Dresden instrument is a safe and reliable method. Low complication and re-rupture rates, good clinical results, and a high rate of return to play support this fact. The time point of the operation may influence the outcome.
Le matrici socialiste del Saggio sul dono di Marcel Mauss
Creators: name: Fistetti, Francesco
Publisher: name: Post-filosofie
Year: 2020
Subjects: dono; scambio; socialismo; ospitalità; Marcel Mauss

description: Il Saggio sul dono di Marcel Mauss, pubblicato nel 1925, è uno dei testi fondativi dell’antropologia culturale contemporanea. La scoperta fondamentale che Mauss illustra in quest’opera è che tutte le forme di società poggiano sul ciclo del donare/ricevere/ricambiare, sia quelle cosiddette primitive che quelle moderne. Il dono è co-originario con lo scambio, che lungi dall’essere un fatto meramente economico, è per definizione simbolico: il dono e lo scambio sono reciprocamente “incorporati” l’uno nell’altro. Questa verità transculturale è stata rimossa dall’egemonia che le filosofie utilitaristiche e contrattualistiche hanno conquistato nell’immaginario collettivo e nel senso comune della civiltà occidentale. Questa scoperta di Mauss non può essere disgiunta dalla sua critica al socialismo di Stato bismarckiano del Partito Socialdemocratico tedesco e dal suo rifiuto del regime sovietico in quanto mera variante del socialismo di Stato. Mauss, attraverso il dono come rigeneratore del legame sociale, delinea un progetto di convivenza ospitale, capace di scongiurare la guerra e di redistribuire la ricchezza prodotta, sintetizzabile nella massima: “contrapporsi senza massacrarsi e ‘darsi’ senza sacrificarsi l’un l’altro”. Marcel Mauss’s Essay on the gift, published in 1925, is one of the founding texts of contemporary cultural anthropology. The fundamental discovery that Mauss illustrates in this work is that all forms of society are based on the cycle of giving/receiving/reciprocating, both the so-called primitive and the modern ones. The gift is co-originating with the exchange, which, far from being a merely economic fact, is by definition symbolic: the gift and the exchange are mutually “incorporated” into each other. This transcultural truth has been removed because of the hegemony that utilitarian and contractual philosophies have conquered in the collective imagination and common sense of Western civilization. This discovery by Mauss cannot be separated from his criticism of the Bismarckian State socialism of the German Social Democratic Party and from his rejection of the Soviet regime as a mere variant of State socialism. Mauss, through the gift as a regenerator of the social bond, outlines a project of hospitable coexistence, capable of warding off the war and redistributing the wealth produced, summarized in the maximum: “to oppose one another without engaging in massacres and to give without sacrificing oneself to others”.
description: Post-filosofie, N. 12 (2019): Anno 12. Numero12. Le rivoluzioni dell’alterità
Parton Distributions Functions of Pion, Kaon and Eta pseudoscalar mesons in the NJL model
Creators: name: Davidson, R. M.
name: Arriola, E. Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parton distributions of pseudoscalar pi,K and eta mesons obtained within the NJL model using the Pauli-Villars regularization method are analyzed in terms of LO and NLO evolution, and the valence sea quark and gluon parton distributions for the pion are obtained at Q^2 = 4 GeV^2 and compared to existing parametrizations at that scale. Surprisingly, the NLO order effects turn out to be small compared to the LO ones. The valence distributions are in good agreement with experimental analyses, but the gluon and sea distributions come out to be softer in the high-x region and harder in the low-x region than the experimental analyses suggest.
description: (Latex, epsfig) 17 pages, 7 figures
Inflammatory measures in depressed patients with and without a history of adverse childhood experiences
Creators: name: Punder, Karin De
name: Entringer, Sonja
name: Heim, Christine
name: Deuter, Christian E.
name: Otte, Christian
name: Wingenfeld, Katja
name: Kuehl, Linn K.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: acute-phase protein
subject: childhood adversity
subject: childhood maltreatment
subject: depression
subject: inflammation
subject: pro-inflammatory cytokine
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric condition with different subtypes and etiologies. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is an important risk factor for the development of MDD later in life. Evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory processes may convey this risk as both MDD and ACE have been related to increased levels of inflammation. In the present study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of MDD and ACE on inflammation levels. Methods: Markers of inflammation (plasma interleukin(IL)-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count and a composite inflammation score (CIS) combining all three) were assessed in 23 MDD patients with ACE, 23 MDD patients without ACE, 21 healthy participants with ACE, and 21 healthy participants without ACE (mean age: 35 +/- 11 (SD) years). None of the patients and participants was taking psychotropic medication. ACE was assessed with the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) and was defined as moderate to severe exposure to sexual or physical abuse. Results: Group differences in the different inflammatory measures were observed. MDD patients with ACE showed significantly higher IL-6 concentrations (p = 0.018), higher WBC counts (p = 0.003) and increased general inflammation levels as indicated by the CIS (p = 0.003) compared to healthy controls. In contrast, MDD patients without ACE displayed similar inflammation levels to the control group (p = 0.93). Conclusion: We observed elevated inflammation in MDD patients with a history of ACE, which could indicate a subtype of "inflammatory depression". Accordingly, MDD patients with ACE might potentially benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies.
Dynamical signatures of ground-state degeneracy to discriminate against Andreev levels in a Majorana fusion experiment
Creators: name: Grabsch, A.
name: Cheipesh, Y.
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of the fusion rule of Majorana zero-modes is a near-term milestone on the road to topological quantum computation. An obstacle is that the non-deterministic fusion outcome of topological zero-modes can be mimicked by the merging of non-topological Andreev levels. To distinguish these two scenarios, we search for dynamical signatures of the ground-state degeneracy that is the defining property of non-Abelian anyons. By adiabatically traversing parameter space along two different pathways one can identify ground-state degeneracies from the breakdown of adiabaticity. We show that the approach can discriminate against accidental degeneracies of Andreev levels.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
“Modi di produzione” e “ideologie” come sistemi segnici. Rossi-Landi e la semiotica della “riproduzione sociale”
Creators: name: Borrelli, Giorgio
Publisher: name: Post-filosofie
Year: 2020
Subjects: ideologia; modo di produzione; riproduzione sociale; sistema segnico

description: Partendo da alcune categorie fondamentali delle teoria marxiana, Ferruccio Rossi-Landi (1921-1985) ha delineato un’analisi semiotica della riproduzione sociale. In particolare, Rossi-Landi ha proposto di considerare i modi di produzione e le ideologie come “sistemi segnici”. Questa ipotesi consente di interpretare in chiave semiotica un’altra fondamentale categoria di Marx: la posizione di scopo (zwecksetzung). In questo articolo mostrerò come, nonostante alcune sovrapposizioni categoriali, Rossi-Landi sia riuscito a delineare un modello teorico coerente. Starting from certain fundamental Marxian categories, Ferruccio Rossi- Landi (1921-1985) outlined a semiotic analysis of social reproduction. More specifically, Rossi-Landi maintained that modes of production and ideologies can be considered as “sign systems”. This hypothesis allows to read another fundamental Marxian category under a semiotic lens: i.e. the goal-setting (zwecksetzung). In this paper, I will try to illustrate how Rossi-Landi developed a coherent theoretical model, notwithstanding certain categorical overlaps.
description: Post-filosofie, N. 12 (2019): Anno 12. Numero12. Le rivoluzioni dell’alterità
How India Censors the Web
Creators: name: Singh, Kushagra
name: Grover, Gurshabad
name: Bansal, Varun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the primary ways in which India engages in online censorship is by ordering Internet Service Providers (ISPs) operating in its jurisdiction to block access to certain websites for its users. This paper reports the different techniques Indian ISPs are using to censor websites, and investigates whether website blocklists are consistent across ISPs. We propose a suite of tests that prove more robust than previous work in detecting DNS and HTTP based censorship. Our tests also discern the use of SNI inspection for blocking websites, which is previously undocumented in the Indian context. Using information from court orders, user reports, and public and leaked government orders, we compile the largest known list of potentially blocked websites in India. We pass this list to our tests and run them from connections of six different ISPs, which together serve more than 98% of Internet users in India. Our findings not only confirm that ISPs are using different techniques to block websites, but also demonstrate that different ISPs are not blocking the same websites.
Proteasomal protein degradation: adaptation of cellular proteolysis with impact on virus-and cytokine-mediated damage of heart tissue during myocarditis
Creators: name: Beling, Antje
name: Kespohl, Meike
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: virus
subject: myocarditis
subject: proteasome
subject: cytokine
subject: immunopathology
subject: heart failure
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Viral myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle triggered by direct virus-induced cytolysis and immune response mechanisms with most severe consequences during early childhood. Acute and long-term manifestation of damaged heart tissue and disturbances of cardiac performance involve virus-triggered adverse activation of the immune response and both immunopathology, as well as, autoimmunity account for such immune-destructive processes. It is a matter of ongoing debate to what extent subclinical virus infection contributes to the debilitating sequela of the acute disease. In this review, we conceptualize the many functions of the proteasome in viral myocarditis and discuss the adaptation of this multi-catalytic protease complex together with its implications on the course of disease. Inhibition of proteasome function is already highly relevant as a strategy in treating various malignancies. However, cardiotoxicity and immune-related adverse effects have proven significant hurdles, representative of the target's wide-ranging functions. Thus, we further discuss the molecular details of proteasome-mediated activity of the immune response for virus-mediated inflammatory heart disease. We summarize how the spatiotemporal flexibility of the proteasome might be tackled for therapeutic purposes aiming to mitigate virus-mediated adverse activation of the immune response in the heart.
Lead Perchlorate as a Neutrino Detection Medium
Creators: name: Bacrania, M. K.
name: Doe, P. J.
name: Elliott, S. R.
name: Paul, C. E.
name: Stonehill, L. C.
name: Will, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lead can be an ideal medium for the detection and study of neutrinos. Such a detector may be realized through the use of a lead perchlorate solution as a Cerenkov radiator. The basic physical properties of lead perchlorate solution are given and preparation of the solution for use in a Cerenkov detector is described. Results from investigations of light transmission in lead perchlorate solutions are also presented.
description: 9 pages, submitted to NIM
Metabolic, mental and immunological effects of normoxic and hypoxic training in multiple sclerosis patients: a pilot study
Creators: name: Mähler, Anja
name: Balogh, Andras
name: Csizmadia, Ilona
name: Klug, Lars
name: Kleinewietfeld, Markus
name: Steiniger, Jochen
name: Šušnjar, Urša
name: Müller, Dominik N.
name: Boschmann, Michael
name: Paul, Friedemann
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: multiple sclerosis
subject: hypoxia
subject: endurance training
subject: walking ability
subject: energy metabolism
subject: Tregs
subject: Th17 cells
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Physical activity might attenuate inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Erythropoietin, which is produced upon exposure to hypoxia, is thought to act as a neuroprotective agent in MS. Therefore, we studied the effects of intermittent hypoxic training on activity energy expenditure, maximal workload, serum erythropoietin, and immunophenotype focusing on regulatory and IL-17A-producing T cells. Methods: We assigned 34 relapsing-remitting MS patients within a randomized, single blind, parallel-group study to either normoxic (NO) or hypoxic (HO) treadmill training, both 3 times/week for 1 h over 4 weeks (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02509897). Before and after training, activity energy expenditure (metabolic chamber), maximal workload (incremental treadmill test), walking ability, depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory I), serum erythropoietin concentrations, and immunophenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed. Results: Energy expenditure did not change due to training in both groups, but was rather fueled by fat than by carbohydrate oxidation after HO training (P = 0.002). Maximal workload increased by 40 Watt and 42 Watt in the NO and HO group, respectively (both P < 0.0001). Distance patients walked in 6 min increased by 25 m and 27 m in the NO and HO group, respectively (NO P = 0.02; HO P = 0.01). Beck Depression Inventory score markedly decreased in both groups (NO P = 0.03; HO P = 0.0003). NO training shifted Treg subpopulations by increasing and decreasing the frequency of CD39(+) and CD31(+) Tregs, respectively, and decreased IL-17A-producing CD4(+) cells. HO training provoked none of these immunological changes. Erythropoietin concentrations were within normal range and did not significantly change in either group. Conclusion: 4 weeks of moderate treadmill training had considerable effects on fitness level and mood in MS patients, both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Additionally, NO training improved Th17/Treg profile and HO training improved fatty acid oxidation during exercise. These effects could not be attributed to an increase of erythropoietin.
Simone Weil, Antonio Gramsci e il metodo materialistico
Creators: name: Franco, Anna
Publisher: name: Post-filosofie
Year: 2020
Subjects: Simone Weil; Antonio Gramsci; materialismo storico; classe operaia

description: Il saggio si apre con un’introduzione sulle vicende editoriali che hanno portato il pensiero di Simone Weil in Italia e su come esso sia stato ricevuto, con tentativi di appropriazione da parte cattolica, padronale e operaia. Si commenta la diffusa tendenza a inscrivere la Simone Weil giovanile nella tradizione marxista e si propone un confronto con il pensiero di Antonio Gramsci sul tema della classe operaia e del metodo storico-materialistico. The essay opens with an introduction about the editorial events that brought Simone Weil's thought to Italy and about the way it has been received, with attempts of appropriation by Catholics, industrialists and leftist intellectuals. It comments on the widespread tendency to inscribe the young Simone Weil in the Marxist tradition and offers a comparison with Antonio Gramsci's thought on the theme of the working class and the historical-materialistic method. Il saggio si apre con un’introduzione sulle vicende editoriali che hanno portato il pensiero di Simone Weil in Italia e su come esso sia stato ricevuto, con tentativi di appropriazione da parte cattolica, padronale e operaia. Si commenta la diffusa tendenza a inscrivere la Simone Weil giovanile nella tradizione marxista e si propone un confronto con il pensiero di Antonio Gramsci sul tema della classe operaia e del metodo storico-materialistico. The essay opens with an introduction about the editorial events that brought Simone Weil's thought to Italy and about the way it has been received, with attempts of appropriation by Catholics, industrialists and leftist intellectuals. It comments on the widespread tendency to inscribe the young Simone Weil in the Marxist tradition and offers a comparison with Antonio Gramsci's thought on the theme of the working class and the historicalmaterialistic method.
description: Post-filosofie, N. 12 (2019): Anno 12. Numero12. Le rivoluzioni dell’alterità
Seiyō senpu
西洋銭譜
Creators: name: Kutsuki, Masatsuna
Publisher: name: Edo : Matsumoto Heisuke and six others
Year: 2021

description: Contents: (Beans l787.2) 歐羅巴畧方圖 Yōroppa ryakuhōzu (Outline map of Europe). -- 14 x 18.4 cm. ; leaf 50; (Beans l787.3) [Entrance to Carthagena Harbour, Colombia]. -- 4 cm. diameter ; leaf 48; (Beans l787.4) [Rhode Island, U.S.A.]. -- 3 cm. diameter ; leaf 49. Kutsui Masatsuna was a daimyo of Fukuchiyama, Tanba Province; Minamoto Ryūkyō is his nom de plume. References: Boxer, p.89; these are the first maps of Europe and of local areas of the Americas to appear in Japan. Cited in: WSN; 106
title: “Nós os de Orpheu”
title: da distinção
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Patrício, Rita
Publisher: name: IELT – Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradição, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
Year: 2015

description: O presente ensaio entende o texto “Nós os de Orpheu” de Fernando Pessoa a partir do seu contexto específico de publicação, uma revista que presta homenagem a Orpheu, vinte anos depois da sua curta existência, e à Presença, dominante no panorama literário nacional coevo. Atendendo à circunstância de ser a colaboração em Sudoeste a última publicação em vida de Pessoa, estas são as suas derradeiras e, nesse sentido, definitivas palavras sobre Orpheu. Esta nota será discutida, por um lado, tendo presentes outros textos em que Pessoa se pronunciou sobre Orpheu e, por outro, considerando-a como acto de distinção relativamente ao movimento presencista. O confronto entre Orpheu e Presença, que este número de Sudoeste encena e promove, passou a ser determinante na leitura do modernismo literário português. Este ensaio defende que é a consciência dessa confrontação a subjazer à nota editorial de Pessoa e a tornar decisivas as escolhas dos outros textos que o autor decidiu publicar nessa mesma ocasião, o poema “Conselho”, em nome próprio, e a “Nota ao Acaso”, de Álvaro de Campos.
description: PATRÍCIO, Rita (2015) “«Nós os de Orpheu»: da distinção”, Revista Estranhar Pessoa, 2: 71–85. ISSN 2183-4075.
Active contour method for ILM segmentation in ONH volume scans in retinal OCT
Creators: name: Gawlik, Kay
name: Hausser, Frank
name: Paul, Friedemann
name: Brandt, Alexander U.
name: Kadas, Ella Maria
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optic Nerve Head (ONH)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The optic nerve head (ONH) is affected by many neurodegenerative and autoimmune inflammatory conditions. Optical coherence tomography can acquire high-resolution 3D ONH scans. However, the ONH's complex anatomy and pathology make image segmentation challenging. This paper proposes a robust approach to segment the inner limiting membrane (ILM) in ONH volume scans based on an active contour method of Chan-Vese type, which can work in challenging topological structures. A local intensity fitting energy is added in order to handle very inhomogeneous image intensities. A suitable boundary potential is introduced to avoid structures belonging to outer retinal layers being detected as part of the segmentation. The average intensities in the inner and outer region are then resealed locally to account for different brightness values occurring among the ONH center. The appropriate values for the parameters used in the complex computational model are found using an optimization based on the differential evolution algorithm. The evaluation of results showed that the proposed framework significantly improved segmentation results compared to the commercial solution.
The high-pressure behaviour of 3R-NbS2
Creators: name: Ehm, L.
name: Knorr, K.
name: Depmeier, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high pressure behaviour of 3R-NbS2 has been investigated by angle-dispersive X-ray powder diffraction using diamond anvil cells up to 14 GPa. The compression behaviour of the structure is highly anisotropic. The compressibility perpendicular to the layers is 2.5 times higher than within the layers. A fit of a 3rd-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gave a volume at zero pressure V0=174(1)Å^3 and a bulk modulus b0=57(1) GPa, with a pressure derivative b'=8.6(5).
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, 1 table submitted to Z. Krist., pages in print
Pro-inflammatory monocyte phenotype and cell-specific steroid signaling alterations in unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder
Creators: name: Hasselmann, Helge
name: Gamradt, Stefanie
name: Taenzer, Aline
name: Nowacki, Jan
name: Zain, Rami
name: Patas, Kostas
name: Ramien, Caren
name: Paul, Friedemann
name: Wingenfeld, Katja
name: Piber, Dominique
name: Gold, Stefan M.
name: Otte, Christian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: depression
subject: monocytes
subject: inflammation
subject: steroid hormones
subject: innate immunity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Several lines of evidence have strongly implicated inflammatory processes in the pathobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the cellular origin of inflammatory signals and their specificity remain unclear. We examined the phenotype and glucocorticoid signaling in key cell populations of the innate immune system (monocytes) vs. adaptive immunity (T cells) in a sample of 35 well-characterized, antidepressant-free patients with MDD and 35 healthy controls individually matched for age, sex, smoking status and body mass index. Monocyte and T cell phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell-specific steroid signaling was determined by mRNA expression of pre-receptor regulation (11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1; 11 beta-HSD1), steroid receptor expression [glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)], and the downstream target glucocorticoid-induced leucine-zipper (GILZ). We also collected salivary cortisol samples (8:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m.) on two consecutive days. Patients showed a shift toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized by higher frequency and higher absolute numbers of non-classical monocytes. No group differences were observed in major T cell subset frequencies and phenotype. Correspondingly, gene expression indicative of steroid resistance (i.e., lower expression of GR and GILZ) in patients with MDD was specific to monocytes and not observed in T cells. Monocyte phenotype and steroid receptor expression was not related to cortisol levels or serum levels of IL-6, IL-1 beta, or TNF-alpha. Our results thus suggest that in MDD, cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are differentially affected with shifts in monocyte subsets and lower expression of steroid signaling related genes.
Early recurrent ischemic lesions in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale: an observational study
Creators: name: Braemswig, Tim Bastian
name: Usnich, Tatiana
name: Scheitz, Jan F.
name: Erdur, Hebun
name: Fiebach, Jochen B.
name: Audebert, Heinrich J.
name: Endres, Matthias
name: Nolte, Christian H.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: patent foramen ovale
subject: stroke
subject: MRI-magnetic resonance imaging
subject: diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging
subject: new ischemic lesions
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Randomized controlled trials indicate that patent foramen ovate (PFO) closure reduces risk of stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO. However, the optimal time point for PFO closure is unknown and depends on the risk of stroke recurrence. Objective: We aimed to investigate risk of early new ischemic lesions on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cryptogenic stroke patients with and without PFO. Methods: Cryptogenic stroke patients underwent serial MRI examinations within 1 week after symptom onset to detect early new ischemic lesions. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions were delineated, co-registered, and analyzed visually for new hyperintensities by raters blinded to clinical details. A PFO was classified as stroke-related in patients with PFO and a Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score >5 points. Results: Out of 80 cryptogenic stroke patients, risk of early recurrent DWI lesions was not significantly different in cryptogenic stroke patients with and without PFO. Similar results were observed in patients <= 60 years of age. Patients with a stroke-related PFO even had a significantly lower risk of early recurrent ischemic lesions compared to all other patients with cryptogenic stroke (unadjusted odds ratio 0.23 [95% confidence interval 0.06-0.87], P = 0.030). Conclusion: Our data argue against a high risk of early stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO.
Target space symmetries in topological theories I
Creators: name: Baulieu, L.
name: Losev, A.
name: Nekrasov, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study realization of the target space diffeomorphisms in the type $C$ topological string. We found that the charges, which generate transformations of the boundary observables, form an algebra, which differs from that of bulk charges by the contribution of the bubbled disks. We discuss applications to noncommutative field theories.
description: 22pp, one picture; refs added, typos corrected
Synthetic magnetic fields for cold erbium atoms
Creators: name: Babik, Daniel
name: Röll, Roberto
name: Helten, David
name: Fleischhauer, Michael
name: Weitz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implementation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in ultracold atomic quantum gases remains, despite substantial advances in the field, a major challenge. Since atoms are electrically neutral, a key ingredient is the generation of sufficiently strong artificial gauge fields. Here we theoretically investigate the synthetization of such fields for bosonic erbium atoms by phase imprinting with two counterpropagating optical Raman beams. Given the nonvanishing orbital angular momentum of the rare-earth atomic species erbium in the electronic ground state and the availability of narrow-line transitions, heating from photon scattering is expected to be lower than in atomic alkali-metal species. We give a parameter regime for which strong synthetic magnetic fields with good spatial homogeneity are predicted. We also estimate the size of the Laughlin gap expected from the s-wave contribution of the interactions for typical experimental parameters of a two-dimensional atomic erbium microcloud. Our analysis shows that cold rare-earth atomic ensembles are highly attractive candidate systems for experimental explorations of the fractional quantum Hall regime.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Advances in achieving opioid analgesia without side effects
Creators: name: Machelska, Halina
name: Celik, Melih Ö.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: opioid receptor signaling
subject: opioid side effects
subject: addiction
subject: pain
subject: peripheral opioid analgesia
subject: biased agonists
subject: heteromers
subject: endogenous opioid peptides
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Opioids are the most effective drugs for the treatment of severe pain, but they also cause addiction and overdose deaths, which have led to a worldwide opioid crisis. Therefore, the development of safer opioids is urgently needed. In this article, we provide a critical overview of emerging opioid-based strategies aimed at effective pain relief and improved side effect profiles. These approaches comprise biased agonism, the targeting of (i) opioid receptors in peripheral inflamed tissue (by reducing agonist access to the brain, the use of nanocarriers, or low pH-sensitive agonists); (ii) heteromers or multiple receptors (by monovalent, bivalent, and multifunctional ligands); (iii) receptor splice variants; and (iv) endogenous opioid peptides (by preventing their degradation or enhancing their production by gene transfer). Substantial advancements are underscored by pharmaceutical development of new opioids such as peripheral kappa-receptor agonists, and by treatments augmenting the action of endogenous opioids, which have entered clinical trials. Additionally, there are several promising novel opioids comprehensively examined in preclinical studies, but also strategies such as biased agonism, which might require careful rethinking.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced downstream responses to transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and 3-lodothyronamine (3-T1AM) in human corneal keratocytes
Creators: name: Türker, Ersal
name: Garreis, Fabian
name: Khajavi, Noushafarin
name: Reinach, Peter S.
name: Joshi, Pooja
name: Brockmann, Tobias
name: Lucius, Alexander
name: Ljubojevic, Nina
name: Turan, Elizabeth
name: Cooper, Drew
name: Schick, Felix
name: Reinholz, Rob
name: Pleyer, Uwe
name: Köhrle, Josef
name: Mergler, Stefan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: human corneal keratocytes
subject: 3-iodothyronamine
subject: vascular endothelial growth factor
subject: transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1
subject: transient receptor potential channel melastatin 8
subject: intracellular Ca2+
subject: planar patch-clamp technique
subject: thyronamine
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: This study was undertaken to determine if crosstalk among the transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin 8 (TRPM8), TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor triad modulates VEGF-induced Ca2+ signaling in human corneal keratocytes. Using RT-PCR, qPCR and immunohistochemistry, we determined TRPV1 and TRPM8 gene and protein coexpression in a human corneal keratocyte cell line (HCK) and human corneal cross sections. Fluorescence Ca2+ imaging using both a photomultiplier and a single cell digital imaging system as well as planar patch-clamping measured relative intracellular Ca2+ levels and underlying whole-cell currents. The TRPV1 agonist capsaicin increased both intracellular Ca2+ levels and whole-cell currents, while the antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) inhibited them. VEGF-induced Ca2+ transients and rises in whole-cell currents were suppressed by CPZ, whereas a selective TRPM8 antagonist, AMTB, increased VEGF signaling. In contrast, an endogenous thyroid hormone-derived metabolite 3-lodothyronamine (3-T(1)AM) suppressed increases in the VEGF-induced current. The TRPM8 agonist menthol increased the currents, while AMTB suppressed this response. The VEGF-induced increases in Ca2+ influx and their underlying ionic currents stem from crosstalk between VEGFR and TRPV1, which can be impeded by 3-T(1)AM-induced TRPM8 activation. Such suppression in turn blocks VEGF-induced TRPV1 activation. Therefore, crosstalk between TRPM8 and TRPV1 inhibits VEGFR-induced activation of TRPV1.
Scoperta, conquista e costruzione dell’altro. José de Acosta, Jerónimo Valera e il ruolo della filosofia nel Perù coloniale
Creators: name: Sgarro, Tommaso
Publisher: name: Post-filosofie
Year: 2020
Subjects: conquista; alterità; José de Acosta; Jerónimo Valera; Perù coloniale

description: The 16th century saw the greatest genocide in human history: that of the Indians of South America. First the discovery, then the conquest and finally the colonization, have irreversibly modified the human and cultural fabric of the New World. In this story, Philosophy has taken on a specific role. Carried by the missionaries, mainly Scholastic tradition was the basis for the construction of the new Ibero-American identity. In illustrating this dynamic and its protagonists, particular attention must be paid to the events that concerned Peru, where the first University was born and where in 1610 the first Philosophy book in Latin was printed in the lands of the colonies. Among the protagonists of this process, José de Acosta (1540-1600) and Jerónimo Valera (1568-1625), able in linking the Western tradition to the needs and culture of the natives. Il XVI secolo ha visto compiersi il più grande genocidio della storia dell’umanità: quello degli indios del Sudamerica. Prima la scoperta, poi della conquista e infine della colonizzazione, hanno modificato in maniera irreversibile il tessuto umano e culturale del Nuovo Mondo. In questa storia la filosofia ha assunto un suo preciso ruolo. Portata dai missionari, soprattutto la tradizione scolastica è stata alla base della costruzione della nuova identità iberoamericana. Nell’illustrare questa dinamica e i suoi protagonisti, particolare attenzione va posta alle vicende che hanno riguardato il Perù, dove nasce la prima Università e dove nel 1610 viene stampato il primo libro di filosofia in latino nelle terre delle colonie. Tra i protagonisti di questo processo, José de Acosta (1540-1600) e Jerónimo Valera (1568-1625), capaci di raccordare la tradizione occidentale, alle istanze e alla cultura dei nativi.
description: Post-filosofie, N. 12 (2019): Anno 12. Numero12. Le rivoluzioni dell’alterità
Calculated fission-fragment mass yields and average total kinetic energies of heavy and superheavy nuclei
Creators: name: Albertsson, M.
name: Carlsson, B. G.
name: Døssing, T.
name: Möller, P.
name: Randrup, J.
name: Åberg, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fission-fragment mass and total-kinetic-energy (TKE) distributions following fission of even-even nuclides in the region $74 \leq Z \leq 126$ and $92 \leq N \leq 230$, comprising 896 nuclides have been calculated using the Brownian shape-motion method. The emphasis is the region of superheavy nuclei. To show compatibility with earlier results the calculations are extended to include earlier studied regions. An island of asymmetric fission is obtained in the superheavy region, $106\leq Z\leq114$ and $162\leq N\leq 176$, where the heavy fragment is found to be close to $^{208}$Pb and the light fragment adjusts accordingly. Most experimentally observed $α$-decay chains of superheavy nuclei with $Z > 113 $ terminate by spontaneous fission in our predicted region of asymmetric fission. In these cases, the pronounced large asymmetry is accompanied by a low TKE value compatible with measurements.
description: 6 pages, 10 figures, published version in EPJA
Non-locality of Quantum Mechanics and the Locality of General Relativity
Creators: name: Anandan, Jeeva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conflict between the locality of general relativity, reflected in its space-time description, and the non-locality of quantum mechanics, contained in its Hilbert space description, is discussed. Gauge covariant non-local observables that depend on gauge fields and gravity as well as the wave function are used in order to try to understand and minimize this conflict within the frame-work of these two theories. Applications are made to the Aharonov-Bohm effect and its generalizations to non Abelian gauge fields and gravity.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. Invited talk at the Meeting on the Interface of Gravitational and Quantum Realms, IUCAA, Pune, India, Dec. 17-21, 2001. To be published in Modern Physics Letters A
Exploratory investigation of intestinal function and bacterial translocation after focal cerebral ischemia in the mouse
Creators: name: Oyama, Naoki
name: Winek, Katarzyna
name: Bäcker-Koduah, Priscilla
name: Zhang, Tian
name: Dames, Claudia
name: Wench, Martina
name: Kershaw, Olivia
name: Meisel, Christian
name: Meisel, Andreas
name: Dirnagl, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: bacterial translocation
subject: gut-brain axis
subject: gut permeability
subject: gut associated lymphatic tissue
subject: immune system
subject: stroke
subject: tight junctions
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The gut communicates with the brain bidirectionally via neural, humoral and immune pathways. All these pathways are affected by acute brain lesions, such as stroke. Brain-gut communication may therefore impact on the overall outcome after CNS-injury. Until now, contradictory reports on intestinal function and translocation of gut bacteria after experimental stroke have been published. Accordingly, we aimed to specifically investigate the effects of transient focal cerebral ischemia on intestinal permeability, gut associated lymphoid tissue and bacterial translocation in an exploratory study using a well-characterized murine stroke model. Methods: After 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) we assessed intestinal morphology (time points after surgery day 0, 3, 5, 14, 21) and tight junction protein expression (occludin and claudin-1 at day 1 and 3) in 12-week-old male C57BI/6J mice. Lactulose/mannitol/sucralose test was performed to assess intestinal permeability 24-72 h after surgery. To investigate the influence of cerebral ischemia on the local immune system of the gut, main immune cell populations in Peyer's patches (PP) were quantified by flow cytometry. Finally, we evaluated bacterial translocation to extraintestinal organs 24 and 72 h after MCAO by microbiological culture and fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting bacterial 16S rRNA. Results: Transient MCAO decreased claudin-1 expression in the ileum but not in the colon. Intestinal morphology (assessed by light microscopy) and permeability did not change measurably after MCAO. After MCAO, animals had significantly fewer B cells in PP compared to naive mice. Conclusions: In a murine model of stroke, which leads to large brain infarctions in the middle cerebral artery territory, we did not find evidence for overt alterations neither in gut morphology, barrier proteins and permeability nor presence of intestinal bacterial translocation.