cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ionization: a possible explanation for the difference of mean disk sizes in star-forming regions
Creators: name: Kuffmeier, M.
name: Zhao, B.
name: Caselli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surveys of protoplanetary disks in star-forming regions of similar age revealed significant variations in average disk mass between some regions. For instance, disks in the Orion Nebular Cluster (ONC) and Corona Australis (CrA) are on average smaller than disks observed in Lupus, Taurus, Chamaeleon I or Ophiuchus. In contrast to previous models that study truncation of disks at a late stage of their evolution, we investigate whether disks may already be born with systematically smaller disk sizes in more massive star-forming regions as a consequence of enhanced ionization rates. Assuming various cosmic-ray ionization rates, we compute the resistivities for ambipolar diffusion and Ohmic dissipation with a chemical network, and perform 2D non-ideal magnetohydrodynamical protostellar collapse simulations. A higher ionization rate leads to stronger magnetic braking, and hence to the formation of smaller disks. Accounting for recent findings that protostars act as forges of cosmic rays and considering only mild attenuation during the collapse phase, we show that a high average cosmic-ray ionization rate in star-forming regions like the ONC or CrA can explain the detection of smaller disks in these regions. Our results show that on average a higher ionization rate leads to the formation of smaller disks. Therefore, smaller disks in regions of similar age can be the consequence of different levels of ionization, and may not exclusively be caused by disk truncation via external photoevaporation. We strongly encourage observations that allow measuring the cosmic-ray ionization degrees in different star-forming regions to test our hypothesis.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
The Spherical Accretion Shock Instability in the Linear Regime
Creators: name: Blondin, John M.
name: Mezzacappa, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use time-dependent, axisymmetric, hydrodynamic simulations to study the linear stability of the stalled, spherical accretion shock that arises in the post-bounce phase of core-collapse supernovae. We show that this accretion shock is stable to radial modes, with decay rates and oscillation frequencies in close agreement with the linear stability analysis of Houck and Chevalier. For non-spherical perturbations we find that the l=1 mode is always unstable for parameters appropriate to core-collapse supernovae. We also find that the l=2 mode is unstable, but typically has a growth rate smaller than that for l=1. Furthermore, the l=1 mode is the only mode found to transition into a nonlinear stage in our simulations. This result provides a possible explanation for the dominance of an l=1 'sloshing' mode seen in many two-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae.
Should Europe Further Strengthen Intellectual Property for Plant Breeders? An Analysis of Seed Industry Proposals
Creators: name: Eaton, Derek J.F.
name: Van Tongeren, Frank W.
name: Eaton, Derek J.F.
name: Van Tongeren, Frank W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: intellectual property rights
subject: product differentiation
subject: plant breeding
subject: genetic diversity

description: This paper illustrates the potential negative effects of increasing the scope of plant breeders' rights (PBR) protection, as has been proposed for Europe by leading plant breeding firms. Such a policy could increase the costs for varietal development for breeding companies, particularly if their access to varieties of the market leader is constrained. This is represented as an asymmetrical increase in breeders' cost functions in a simple model of endogenous quality choice under price competition. Increased scope of IPR protection leads to increased profits for the leading breeding company but decreases in varietal quality and both farm and overall profits.
Graph Q-Learning for Combinatorial Optimization
Creators: name: Dax, Victoria M.
name: Li, Jiachen
name: Leahy, Kevin
name: Kochenderfer, Mykel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph-structured data is ubiquitous throughout natural and social sciences, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently been shown to be effective at solving prediction and inference problems on graph data. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate that GNNs can be applied to solve Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems. CO concerns optimizing a function over a discrete solution space that is often intractably large. To learn to solve CO problems, we formulate the optimization process as a sequential decision making problem, where the return is related to how close the candidate solution is to optimality. We use a GNN to learn a policy to iteratively build increasingly promising candidate solutions. We present preliminary evidence that GNNs trained through Q-Learning can solve CO problems with performance approaching state-of-the-art heuristic-based solvers, using only a fraction of the parameters and training time.
Group invariants in algebras of generalized functions
Creators: name: Konjik, Sanja
name: Kunzinger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46F30;58E40;46T30; 35A30

description: We study invariance properties of Colombeau generalized functions under actions of smooth Lie transformation groups. Several characterization results analogous to the smooth setting are derived and applications to generalized rotational invariance are given.
description: 8 pages
Laser-induced Electron-Transfer in the Dissociative Multiple Ionization of Argon Dimers
Creators: name: Wang, YanLan
name: Lai, XuanYang
name: Yu, ShaoGang
name: Sun, RenPing
name: Liu, XiaoJun
name: Dorner-Kirchner, Martin
name: Erattupuzha, Sonia
name: Larimian, Seyedreza
name: Koch, Markus
name: Hanus, Václav
name: Kangaparambil, Sarayoo
name: Paulus, Gerhard
name: Baltuška, Andrius
name: Xie, Xinhua
name: Kitzler-Zeiler, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an experimental and theoretical study of the ionization-fragmentation dynamics of argon dimers in intense few-cycle laser pulses with a tagged carrier-envelope phase. We find that a field-driven electron transfer process from one argon atom across the system boundary to the other argon atom triggers sub-cycle electron-electron interaction dynamics in the neighboring atom. This attosecond electron-transfer process between distant entities and its implications manifest themselves as a distinct phase-shift between the measured asymmetry of electron emission curves of the $\text{Ar}^{+}+\text{Ar}^{2+}$ and $\text{Ar}^{2+}+\text{Ar}^{2+}$ fragmentation channels. Our work discloses a strong-field route to controlling the dynamics in molecular compounds through the excitation of electronic dynamics on a distant molecule by driving inter-molecular electron-transfer processes.
Agriculture in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina: Social Buffer vs. Development
Creators: name: Bojnec, Stefan
name: Bojnec, Stefan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: poverty
subject: social buffer
subject: land leasing
subject: Bosnia and Herzegovina

description: This paper draws attention to the specific post-civil-war situation in agriculture and the food sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). These developments are presented in an association with the overall situation in the country. Due to economic and non-economic reasons, B&H faces a general problem of a lack of international competitiveness. In a current situation, there are rare products to be internationally competitive and the country relies on imports of food and other products. During the post-civil-war emergency and reconstruction stage, the bulk of food and agricultural inputs, were donated or granted by different governments, humanitarian organizations, and donors to mitigate the effects of widespread poverty caused by the war destructions and economic declines. During a development stage, recovery in the agricultural sector is burdened by the considerable lack of international competitiveness in food processing and marketing as well as by several sectors, institutional, and general economic problems. The rate of unemployment in B&H is high, and agricultural households are the important units providing food security for rural populations and relatives living in towns. Nevertheless, around half of agricultural land resources are unutilised, and even more striking is the "illegally occupied" agricultural land, which is one of the most significant in the structure of land leasing arrangements.
Multi-input Multi-output Farm-level Cost Function: A Comparison of Least Squares and Entropy Estimators
Creators: name: Polome, Philippe
name: Fernagut, Bruno
name: Harmignie, Olivier
name: Frahan, Bruno Henry De
name: Polome, Philippe
name: Fernagut, Bruno
name: Harmignie, Olivier
name: Frahan, Bruno Henry De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: cost function
subject: least squares estimator
subject: entropy estimator
subject: heterogeneity

description: We introduce a modification of the quadratic-Leontieff multi-output cost function that is particularly suitable for the data of the Farm Accountancy Data Network. We present least squares and entropy estimates of that function and compare their results for a sample of crop farms. Our results are encouraging for the use of entropy estimators in cases in which farms are not assumed to share the same technology. Our approach can be seen as an extension of the Positive Mathematical Programming approach (Howitt, 1995). The extension consists in an explicit specification of inputs in the cost function and in the possibility of modeling several farms simultaneously.
On variations in the fine-structure constant and stellar pollution of quasar absorption systems
Creators: name: Fenner, Y.
name: Murphy, M. T.
name: Gibson, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At redshifts z_abs < 2, quasar absorption-line constraints on space-time variations in the fine-structure constant, alpha, rely on the comparison of MgII and FeII transition wavelengths. One potentially important uncertainty is the relative abundance of Mg isotopes in the absorbers which, if different from solar, can cause spurious shifts in the measured wavelengths and, therefore, alpha. Here we explore chemical evolution models with enhanced populations of intermediate-mass (IM) stars which, in their asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase, are thought to be the dominant factories for heavy Mg isotopes at the low metallicities typical of quasar absorption systems. By design, these models partially explain recent Keck/HIRES evidence for a smaller alpha in z_abs < 2 absorption clouds than on Earth. However, such models also over-produce N, violating observed abundance trends in high-z_abs damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs). Our results do not support the recent claim of Ashenfelter, Mathews & Olive (2004b) that similar models of IM-enhanced initial mass functions (IMFs) may simultaneously explain the HIRES varying-alpha data and DLA N abundances. We explore the effect of the IM-enhanced model on Si, Al and P abundances, finding it to be much-less pronounced than for N. We also show that the 13C/12C ratio, as measured in absorption systems, could constitute a future diagnostic of non-standard models of the high-redshift IMF.
description: Accepted by MNRAS. 13 pages, 14 ps figures
Phenomenology of B -> pi pi, pi K Decays at O(alpha^2 beta_0) in QCD Factorization
Creators: name: Burrell, Craig N.
name: Williamson, Alexander R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study O(alpha^2 beta_0) perturbative corrections to matrix elements entering two-body exclusive decays of the form B -> pi pi, pi K in the QCD factorization formalism, including chirally enhanced power corrections, and discuss the effect of these corrections on direct CP asymmetries, which receive their first contribution at O(alpha). We find that the O(alpha^2 beta_0) corrections are often as large as the O(alpha) corrections. We find large uncertainties due to renormalization scale dependence as well as poor knowledge of the non-perturbative parameters. We assess the effect of the perturbative corrections on the direct CP violation parameters of B -> pi^+ pi^-.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures. Updated input parameters and added citations; expanded discussion
Crystalline order in superfluid 3He films
Creators: name: Vorontsov, A. B.
name: Sauls, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict an inhomogeneous phase of superfluid 3He films in which translational symmetry is spontaneously broken in the plane of the film. This phase is energetically favored over a range of film thicknesses, $D_{c_2}(T)
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Advection kinetics induced self assembly of colloidal nanoflakes into microscale floral structures
Creators: name: Dhar, Purbarun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article explores the governing role of the internal hydrodynamics and advective transport within sessile colloidal droplets on the self assembly of nanostructures to form floral patterns. Water acetone binary fluid and Bi2O3 nanoflakes based complex fluids are experimented with. Microliter sessile droplets are allowed to vaporize and the dry out patterns are examined using scanning electron microscopy. The presence of distributed self assembled rose like structures is observed. The population density, structure and shape of the floral structures are noted to be dependent on the binary fluid composition and nanomaterial concentration. Detailed microscopic particle image velocimetry analysis is undertaken to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the solutal Marangoni advection within the evaporating droplets. It has been shown that the kinetics, regime and location of the internal advection are responsible factors towards the hydrodynamics influenced clustering, aggregation and self-assembly of the nanoflakes. In addition, the size of the nanostructures and the complex fluids.
Semi-classical States, Effective Dynamics and Classical Emergence in Loop Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Singh, Parampreet
name: Vandersloot, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct physical semi-classical states annihilated by the Hamiltonian constraint operator in the framework of loop quantum cosmology as a method of systematically determining the regime and validity of the semi-classical limit of the quantum theory. Our results indicate that the evolution can be effectively described using continuous classical equations of motion with non-perturbative corrections down to near the Planck scale below which the universe can only be described by the discrete quantum constraint. These results, for the first time, provide concrete evidence of the emergence of classicality in loop quantum cosmology and also clearly demarcate the domain of validity of different effective theories. We prove the validity of modified Friedmann dynamics incorporating discrete quanum geometry effects which can lead to various new phenomenological applications. Furthermore the understanding of semi-classical states allows for a framework for interpreting the quantum wavefunctions and understanding questions of a semi-classical nature within the quantum theory of loop quantum cosmology.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys Rev D. Updated version to match
Extended Short-Wave Infrared Absorption in Group IV Nanowire Arrays
Creators: name: Attiaoui, A.
name: Bouthillier, É.
name: Daligou, G.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Assali, S.
name: Moutanabbir, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engineering light absorption in the extended short-wave infrared (e-SWIR) range using scalable materials is a long-sought-after capability that is crucial to implement cost-effective and high-performance sensing and imaging technologies. Herein, we demonstrate enhanced, tunable e-SWIR absorption using silicon-integrated platforms consisting of ordered arrays of metastable GeSn nanowires with Sn content reaching 9 at.% and variable diameters. Detailed simulations were combined with experimental analyses to systematically investigate light-GeSn nanowire interactions to tailor and optimize the nanowire array geometrical parameters and the corresponding optical response. The diameter-dependent leaky mode resonance peaks are theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed with a tunable wavelength from 1.5 to 2.2 μm. A three-fold enhancement in the absorption with respect to GeSn layers at 2.1 μm was achieved using nanowires with a diameter of 325 nm. Finite difference time domain simulations unraveled the underlying mechanisms of the e-SWIR enhanced absorption. Coupling of the HE11 and HE12 resonant modes to nanowires is observed at diameters above 325 nm, while at smaller diameters and longer wavelengths the HE11 mode is guided into the underlying Ge layer. The presence of tapering in NWs further extends the absorption range while minimizing reflection. This ability to engineer and enhance e-SWIR absorption lays the groundwork to implement novel photonic devices exploiting all-group IV platforms.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 2 Tables, 8 Supplementary information Figures
Mapping the Galactic disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red clump sample: I: precise distances, masses, ages and 3D velocities of $\sim$ 140000 red clump stars
Creators: name: Huang, Yang
name: Schonrich, Ralph
name: Zhang, Huawei
name: Wu, Yaqian
name: Chen, Bingqiu
name: Wang, Haifeng
name: Xiang, Maosheng
name: Wang, Chun
name: Yuan, Haibo
name: Li, Xinyi
name: Sun, Weixiang
name: Li, Ji
name: Liu, Xiaowei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of $\sim$ 140,000 primary red clump (RC) stars of spectral signal-to-noise ratios higher than 20 from the LAMOST Galactic spectroscopic surveys, selected based on their positions in the metallicity-dependent effective temperature--surface gravity and color--metallicity diagrams, supervised by high-quality $Kepler$ asteroseismology data. The stellar masses and ages of those stars are further determined from the LAMOST spectra, using the Kernel Principal Component Analysis method, trained with thousands of RCs in the LAMOST-$Kepler$ fields with accurate asteroseismic mass measurements. The purity and completeness of our primary RC sample are generally higher than 80 per cent. For the mass and age, a variety of tests show typical uncertainties of 15 and 30 per cent, respectively. Using over ten thousand primary RCs with accurate distance measurements from the parallaxes of Gaia DR2, we re-calibrate the $K_{\rm s}$ absolute magnitudes of primary RCs by, for the first time, considering both the metallicity and age dependencies. With the the new calibration, distances are derived for all the primary RCs, with a typical uncertainty of 5--10 per cent, even better than the values yielded by the Gaia parallax measurements for stars beyond 3--4 kpc. The sample covers a significant volume of the Galactic disk of $4 \leq R \leq 16$ kpc, $|Z| \leq 5$ kpc, and $-20 \leq ϕ\leq 50^{\circ}$. Stellar atmospheric parameters, line-of-sight velocities and elemental abundances derived from the LAMOST spectra and proper motions of Gaia DR2 are also provided for the sample stars. Finally, the selection function of the sample is carefully evaluated in the color-magnitude plane for different sky areas. The sample is publicly available.
description: 16 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJS
Hershberger, Guy F., Das Täufertum - Erbe und Verpflichtung
Creators: name: Wieske, Günter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 2 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 2
AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE DOHA ROUND: LESSONS FROM COMMODITY STUDIES
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Aksoy, Ataman
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Aksoy, Ataman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agricultural policy
subject: commodities
subject: Doha Round
subject: trade negotiations
subject: WTO

description: While global analytical approaches to agricultural trade liberalization yield large gains for most economies, there are substantial variations in the policy regimes across commodities. To clarify the multiplicity of distortions and impacts, the World Bank's Trade Department undertook a series of commodity studies. The studies highlight the important challenges faced by negotiating countries in the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) trade negotiations. The studies provide a sharper look at the North-South dimensions of the agricultural trade debate, with the North's trade barriers, domestic support, and tariff escalation. They also underscore the South-South challenges on border protection and the reduced rural income opportunities for the lowest-income countries due to policies in higher-income countries that depress world prices. Agricultural trade liberalization would induce significant price increases for most commodities. The studies identify the detrimental effects of multilateral trade liberalization for some countries because of lost preferential trade agreements and higher prices on net consumers of commodities. Given the complexity of specific issues in agriculture, as well as the North-South and South-South dimensions of distortions, a global solution would be required to liberalize these markets. Rather than being self-contained, agricultural trade negotiations should involve concessions on other sectors and issues (services and intellectual property rights for example) to identify overall reform packages palatable to all parties.
Optical Properties of 4248 IRAS Galaxies
Creators: name: Goto, Tomotsugu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated optical properties of 4248 infrared galaxies (IRGs) by positionally matching data from the IRAS and the SDSS DR3. Our sample includes 3 hyper luminous infrared galaxies (L >10^13Lsun) and 178 ultra luminous infrared galaxies (10^12Lsun < L < 10^13Lsun). Our findings are as follows: (i) more IR luminous galaxies tend to have smaller local galaxy density, being consistent with the picture where luminous IRGs are created by the merger-interaction of galaxies that happens more often in lower density regions; (ii) the fractions of AGNs increase as a function of Lir; (iii) there is a good correlation between Lir and L[OIII] for AGNs, suggesting both of the parameters can be a good estimator of the total power of AGNs; (iv) a good correlation is found between Lir and optically estimated star formation rate (SFR) for star-forming galaxies, suggesting Lir is a good indicator of galaxy SFR. However, caution is needed when SFR is estimated using Lir, i.e., high SFR galaxies selected by Lir is frequently merger/interaction, whereas high SFR galaxies selected by optical emission is often normal spiral or Magellanic-cloud like irregular galaxies. (v) more IR luminous galaxies have slightly larger Halpha/Hbeta ratio; (vi) more IR luminous galaxies have more centrally-concentrated morphology, being consistent with the morphological appearance of galaxy-galaxy merger remnants. Optical image of ultra/very luminous infrared galaxies also show frequent signs of merger/interaction. (vii) comparison with the SED synthesis models indicate that majority of luminous infrared galaxies (L > 10^11Lsun) may be in a post-starburst phase, sharing a similar (but not the same) merger/interaction origin with E+A galaxies. (abridged)
description: MNRAS in press
Combining Independent Modules in Lexical Multiple-Choice Problems
Creators: name: Turney, Peter D.
name: Littman, Michael L.
name: Bigham, Jeffrey
name: Shnayder, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; I.2.7; H.3.1; J.5

description: Existing statistical approaches to natural language problems are very coarse approximations to the true complexity of language processing. As such, no single technique will be best for all problem instances. Many researchers are examining ensemble methods that combine the output of multiple modules to create more accurate solutions. This paper examines three merging rules for combining probability distributions: the familiar mixture rule, the logarithmic rule, and a novel product rule. These rules were applied with state-of-the-art results to two problems used to assess human mastery of lexical semantics -- synonym questions and analogy questions. All three merging rules result in ensembles that are more accurate than any of their component modules. The differences among the three rules are not statistically significant, but it is suggestive that the popular mixture rule is not the best rule for either of the two problems.
description: 10 pages, related work available at http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~mlittman/ and http://purl.org/peter.turney/
Dairy Markets in Asia: An Overview of Recent Findings and Implications
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Beghin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Asia
subject: China
subject: dairy
subject: India
subject: Japan
subject: Korea
subject: liberalization
subject: trade integration

description: This paper is an overview of important findings regarding the ongoing evolution of Asian dairy markets based on a series of new economic investigations. These investigations provide systematic empirical foundations for assessing Asian dairy markets with their new consumption patterns, changing industries, and trade prospects under different domestic and trade policy regimes. The findings are drawn from four case studies (China, India, Japan, and Korea), as well as a prospective analysis of future regional patterns of consumption and a policy analysis of trade liberalization of Asian dairy markets. The overview distills the findings of these new investigations and integrates them in the earlier economic literature; it draws policy implications and identifies lessons for countries outside of Asia, especially for emerging exporters in Latin America.
Characterization and comparison of large directed graphs through the spectra of the magnetic Laplacian
Creators: name: de Resende, Bruno Messias F.
name: Costa, Luciano da F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigated the possibility to use the magnetic Laplacian to characterize directed graphs (a.k.a. networks). Many interesting results are obtained, including the finding that community structure is related to rotational symmetry in the spectral measurements for a type of stochastic block model. Due the hermiticity property of the magnetic Laplacian we show here how to scale our approach to larger networks containing hundreds of thousands of nodes using the Kernel Polynomial Method (KPM). We also propose to combine the KPM with the Wasserstein metric in order to measure distances between networks even when these networks are directed, large and have different sizes, a hard problem which cannot be tackled by previous methods presented in the literature. In addition, our python package is publicly available at \href{https://github.com/stdogpkg/emate}{github.com/stdogpkg/emate}. The codes can run in both CPU and GPU and can estimate the spectral density and related trace functions, such as entropy and Estrada index, even in directed or undirected networks with million of nodes.
description: Accepted for publication. This work represents the first part (with extension for large graphs) of the previous one that is available in arXiv:1812.02160
Analyzing and Debugging Normative Requirements via Satisfiability Checking
Creators: name: Feng, Nick
name: Marsso, Lina
name: Yaman, Sinem Getir
name: Baatartogtokh, Yesugen
name: Ayad, Reem
name: de Mello, Victória Oldemburgo
name: Townsend, Beverley
name: Standen, Isobel
name: Stefanakos, Ioannis
name: Imrie, Calum
name: Rodrigues, Genaína Nunes
name: Cavalcanti, Ana
name: Calinescu, Radu
name: Chechik, Marsha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As software systems increasingly interact with humans in application domains such as transportation and healthcare, they raise concerns related to the social, legal, ethical, empathetic, and cultural (SLEEC) norms and values of their stakeholders. Normative non-functional requirements (N-NFRs) are used to capture these concerns by setting SLEEC-relevant boundaries for system behavior. Since N-NFRs need to be specified by multiple stakeholders with widely different, non-technical expertise (ethicists, lawyers, regulators, end users, etc.), N-NFR elicitation is very challenging. To address this challenge, we introduce N-Check, a novel tool-supported formal approach to N-NFR analysis and debugging. N-Check employs satisfiability checking to identify a broad spectrum of N-NFR well-formedness issues (WFI), such as conflicts, redundancy, restrictiveness, insufficiency, yielding diagnostics which pinpoint their causes in a user-friendly way that enables non-technical stakeholders to understand and fix them. We show the effectiveness and usability of our approach through nine case studies in which teams of ethicists, lawyers, philosophers, psychologists, safety analysts, and engineers used N-Check to analyse and debug 233 N-NFRs comprising 62 issues for the software underpinning the operation of systems ranging from assistive-care robots and tree-disease detection drones to manufacturing collaborative robots.
Real-Variable Characterizations of Local Orlicz-Slice Hardy Spaces with Application to Bilinear Decompositions
Creators: name: Zhang, Yangyang
name: Yang, Dachun
name: Yuan, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 42B30, Secondary 42B15, 42B35, 46E30, 42C40

description: Recently, both the bilinear decompositions $h^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\times \mathrm{\,bmo}(\mathbb{R}^n) \subset L^1 (\mathbb{R}^n)+h_\ast^Φ(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $h^1(\mathbb{R}^n) \times \mathrm{bmo}(\mathbb{R}^n) \subset L^1 (\mathbb{R}^n) + h^{\log}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ were established. In this article, the authors prove in some sense that the former is sharp, while the latter is not. To this end, the authors first introduce the local Orlicz-slice Hardy space which contains the variant $h_\ast^Φ(\mathbb{R}^n)$ of the local Orlicz Hardy space introduced by A. Bonami and J. Feuto as a special case, and obtain its dual space by establishing its characterizations via atoms, finite atoms and various maximal functions, which are new even for $h_\ast^Φ(\mathbb R^n)$. The relationships $h_\ast^Φ(\mathbb{R}^n) \subsetneqq h^{\log}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is also clarified.
description: 30 pages; Submitted. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1803.09216, arXiv:2007.02335
Stringy Derivation of Nahm Construction of Monopoles
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Koji
name: Terashima, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the Nahm construction of monopoles from exact tachyon condensation on unstable D-branes. The Dirac operator used in the Nahm construction is identified with the tachyon profile in our D-brane approach, and we provide physical interpretation of the procedures Nahm gave. Crucial is the introduction of infinite number of brane-antibranes from which arbitrary D-brane can be constrcuted, exhibitting a unified view of various D-branes. We explicitly show the equivalence of the D3-brane boundary state with the monopole profile and the D1-brane boundary state with the Nahm data as transverse scalars.
description: 18 pages, 4 eps figures, JHEP style, comments about low energy limits added, references added
Parametric instabilities in magnetized multicomponent plasmas
Creators: name: Hertzberg, M. P.
name: Cramer, N. F.
name: Vladimirov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates the excitation of various natural modes in a magnetized bi-ion or dusty plasma. The excitation is provided by parametrically pumping the magnetic field. Here two ion-like species are allowed to be fully mobile. This generalizes our previous work where the second heavy species was taken to be stationary. Their collection of charge from the background neutral plasma modifies the dispersion properties of the pump and excited waves. The introduction of an extra mobile species adds extra modes to both these types of waves. We firstly investigate the pump wave in detail, in the case where the background magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the pump wave. Then we derive the dispersion equation relating the pump to the excited wave for modes propagating parallel to the background magnetic field. It is found that there are a total of twelve resonant interactions allowed, whose various growth rates are calculated and discussed.
description: Published in May 2004; this is a late submission to the archive. 14 pages, 8 figures
On the question of the electromagnetic momentum of a charged body
Creators: name: Morozov, V. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83-02, 78-02

description: The incorporation of a relativistic momentum of a nonelectromagnetic nature into macroscopic problems of electrodynamics obviates the lack of correspondence between the electromagnetic mass and the electromagnetic momentum of macroscopic bodies, allowing, in particular, the resolution of the well-known 4/3 paradox.
description: 11 pages, 1 figures
Correlations between bright submillimetre sources and low-redshift galaxies
Creators: name: Almaini, O.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Willott, C. J.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Liu, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence for a positive angular correlation between bright submillimetre sources and low-redshift galaxies. The study was conducted using 39 sources selected from 3 contiguous, flux-limited SCUBA surveys, cross-correlated with optical field galaxies with magnitudes R<23 (with a median redshift of z~0.5). We find that the angular distribution of submm sources is skewed towards overdensities in the galaxy population, consistent with 25+-12 per cent being associated with dense, low-redshift structure. The signal appears to be dominated by the brightest sources with a flux density S_850>10mJy. We conduct Monte-Carlo simulations of clustered submm populations, and find that the probability of obtaining these correlations by chance is less than 0.4 per cent. The results may suggest that a larger than expected fraction of submm sources lie at z~0.5. Alternatively, we argue that this signal is most likely caused by gravitational lensing bias, which may be entirely expected given the steep submm source counts. Implications for future submm surveys are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS in press
Thurian, Max, Marie, Mère du Seigneur et figure de l'Eglise
Creators: name: Pfisterer, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 2 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 2
Exploring the lived meaning of grief for bereaving adolescent friends of a peer who has died
Creators: name: Terkel, Romy Ronit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Research on friendship bereavement in general (including adolescent friendship bereavement) has been overshadowed by the voluminous literature on familial bereavement. This is a surprising limitation of the bereavement literature given the growing population of "survivor friends" in society. In an effort to understand more about the grieving process adolescents endure after a friend of theirs had died, four stories of adolescent friendship bereavement were explored from a phenomenological perspective. Findings from this study reveal that adolescents are deeply affected by the death of a close friend and yet, often exist as a "hidden" population left to mourn the death of their friends silently and without formal resources, adult support, or death education. Implications for helping professionals are explored in light of these findings. Overall, it is recommended that parents, teachers, and counsellors be sensitive to the pain adolescents experience after losing a friend and offer them guidance and support in a manner which respects their changing boundaries.
A New Anomaly-Free Gauged Supergravity in Six Dimensions
Creators: name: Avramis, Spyros D.
name: Kehagias, Alex
name: Randjbar-Daemi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new anomaly-free gauged N=1 supergravity model in six dimensions. The gauge group is E_7xG_2xU(1)_R, with all hyperinos transforming in the product representation {56,14). The theory admits monopole compactifications to R^4xS^2, leading to D=4 effective theories with broken supersymmetry and massless fermions.
description: 9 pages, RevTeX4
Eternal Inflation with alpha'-Corrections
Creators: name: Westphal, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-order alpha'-corrections are a generic feature of type IIB string compactifications. In KKLT-like models of moduli stabilization they provide a mechanism of breaking the no-scale structure of the volume modulus. We present a model of inflation driven by the volume modulus of flux compactifications of the type IIB superstring. Using the effects of gaugino condensation on D7-branes and perturbative alpha'-corrections the volume modulus can be stabilized in a scalar potential which simultaneously contains saddle points providing slow-roll inflation with about 130 e-foldings. We can accommodate the 3-year WMAP data with a spectral index of density fluctuations n_s=0.93. Our model allows for eternal inflation providing the initial conditions of slow-roll inflation.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX, v4: includes comparison with 3-year WMAP data and values for the tensor ratio r and the running of n_s
Construction of a "Green Box" Countercyclical Program
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The United States Congress is currently devising the next farm bill. One of the many factors influencing the debate is the effect of trade agreements into which the United States has entered. Under the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Agriculture, government spending on trade-distorting agricultural policies (referred to as "amber box" policies) has been limited. However, if the policy is considered non-trade-distorting ("green box"), then spending on such a policy is not constrained under the agreement. We explore the possible construction of a green box policy that is countercyclical to factors related to agriculture. The policy is based on our interpretation of the green-box requirements; other interpretations are possible. The policy we construct would provide payments that are countercyclical to weather events and exchange rate movements (that is, the timing and size of the payments depends on weather events and exchange rate movements). Our model is but one of many possible configurations of such an approach and was chosen as an example of how such a program might be implemented. Given our construction, we also estimate the cost of the new program.
Compact, charged boson-stars, -shells in the $\mathbb{C}P^N$ gravitating nonlinear sigma model
Creators: name: Sawado, Nobuyuki
name: Yanai, Shota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study $U(1)$ gauged gravitating compact $Q$-ball, $Q$-shell solutions in a nonlinear sigma model with the target space $\mathbb{C}P^N$. The models with odd integer $N$ and a special potential can be parameterized by $N$-th complex scalar fields and they support compact solutions. Implementing the $U(1)$ gauge field in the model, the behavior of the solutions become complicated than the global model. Especially, they exhibit branch, i.e., two independent solutions with same shooting parameter. The energy of the solutions in the first branch behaves as $E\sim Q^{5/6}$ for small $Q$, where $Q$ stands for the $U(1)$ Noether charge. For the large $Q$, it gradually deviates from the scaling $E\sim Q^{5/6}$ and, for the $Q$-shells it is $E\sim Q^{7/6}$, which forms the second branch. A coupling with gravity allows for harboring of the Schwarzschild black holes for the $Q$-shell solutions, forming the charged boson shells. The space-time then consist of a charged black hole in the interior of the shell, surrounded by a $Q$-shell, and the outside becomes a Reissner-Nordström space-time. These solutions inherit the scaling behavior of the flat space-time.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
The Decay Process of an α-configuration Sunspot
Creators: name: Peng, Yang
name: Xue, Zhi-Ke
name: Yan, Xiao-Li
name: Norton, Aimee A.
name: Qu, Zhong-Quan
name: Wang, Jin-Cheng
name: Xu, Zhe
name: Yang, Li-Heng
name: Li, Qiao-Ling
name: Yang, Li-Ping
name: Sun, Xia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decay of sunspot plays a key role in magnetic flux transportation in solar active regions (ARs). To better understand the physical mechanism of the entire decay process of a sunspot, an α-configuration sunspot in AR NOAA 12411 was studied. Based on the continuum intensity images and vector magnetic field data with stray light correction from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, the area, vector magnetic field and magnetic flux in the umbra and penumbra are calculated with time, respectively. Our main results are as follows: (1) The decay curves of the sunspot area in its umbra, penumbra, and whole sunspot take the appearance of Gaussian profiles. The area decay rates of the umbra, penumbra and whole sunspot are -1.56 MSH/day, -12.61 MSH/day and -14.04 MSH/day, respectively; (2) With the decay of the sunspot, the total magnetic field strength and the vertical component of the penumbra increase, and the magnetic field of the penumbra becomes more vertical. Meanwhile, the total magnetic field strength and vertical magnetic field strength for the umbra decrease, and the inclination angle changes slightly with an average value of about 20°; (3) The magnetic flux decay curves of the sunspot in its umbra, penumbra, and whole sunspot exhibit quadratic patterns, their magnetic flux decay rates of the umbra, penumbra and whole sunspot are -9.84 * 10^19 Mx/day, -1.59 * 10^20 Mx/day and -2.60 * 10^20 Mx/day , respectively. The observation suggests that the penumbra may be transformed into the umbra, resulting in the increase of the average vertical magnetic field strength and the reduction of the inclination angle in the penumbra during the decay of the sunspot.
Modeling the Tail Distribution and Ratemaking: An Application of Extreme Value Theory
Creators: name: Hao, Jianqiang
name: Bathke, Arne
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Hao, Jianqiang
name: Bathke, Arne
name: Skees, Jerry R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Economic analysis of weather risk often depends on accurate assessment of the probability (P) of tail quantiles (Q). Extreme value theory can provide a promising estimation of the tail part risk and this paper intends to apply the extreme value model to estimate the tail risk on India excess rainfall.
Symmetry classification of viscid flows on space curves
Creators: name: Duyunova, Anna
name: Lychagin, Valentin
name: Tychkov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76N99, 35B06

description: Symmetries and differential invariants of viscid flows with viscosity depending on temperature on a space curve are given. Their dependence on thermodynamic states of media is studied, and a classification of thermodynamic states is given.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.14932, arXiv:2004.11906
Student perspectives on extra-musical outcomes of experience in a high school music program
Creators: name: Taylor, Brent
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Students enrolled in high school music programs learn about music, but there are also extra-musical outcomes. The aim of this study was to ascertain what past graduates of the music program at Point Grey Secondary identify as important extra-musical outcomes of the program and how those outcomes influenced their personal development. Using a phenomenological design, past graduates of the music program at Point Grey Secondary High School were asked: 1. What do they identify as the extra-musical outcomes of the music program? 2. Why do they feel those outcomes are important? The participant/s responses fell into 6 categories: (1) The Value of Group Work, (2) Self-Confidence, (3) Mentoring, (4) The Role of Teachers, (5) Subject Specific Observations, and (6) General Impressions of High School.