cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A critical assessment of the implementation of CAP 2014- 2020 direct payments in Italy
Creators: name: Ciliberti, Stefano
name: Frascarelli, Angelo
name: Ciliberti, Stefano
name: Frascarelli, Angelo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: direct payments
subject: Italy
subject: evaluation
subject: Likert scale

description: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform of 2014-2020 is characterized by a strong mandate of Member States regarding the 1st Pillar. This paper’s objective is to elucidate the possible impacts of Italian choices on direct payments and their coherence with the specific objectives of the CAP, which was established by the Expert Group on Monitoring and Evaluating the CAP (EGMEC): food security and sustainable food production. Thus, an online survey was disseminated among Italian CAP experts in the spring of 2015. The results from a sample of 25 respondents show that Italian direct payments may positively contribute to viable food production by improving agricultural competitiveness. In addition, the combined effect of general direct payment schemes and Italian choices is to ensure sustainable food provision or, at least, to successfully allow the exploration of this new route in CAP history, which most likely represents future challenge for European agriculture.
Generalized Parton Distributions in Full Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Göckeler, M.
name: Hägler, Ph.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Pleiter, D.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schäfer, A.
name: Schierholz, G.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent results on generalized parton distributions from dynamical lattice QCD calculations. Our set of twelve different combinations of couplings and quark masses allows for a preliminary study of the pion mass dependence of the transverse nucleon structure.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; Talk presented by Ph.H. at Light-Cone 2004, Amsterdam, 16 - 20 August
Concurrent Classifier Error Detection (CCED) in Large Scale Machine Learning Systems
Creators: name: Reviriego, Pedro
name: Wang, Ziheng
name: Alonso, Alvaro
name: Gao, Zhen
name: Niknia, Farzad
name: Liu, Shanshan
name: Lombardi, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The complexity of Machine Learning (ML) systems increases each year, with current implementations of large language models or text-to-image generators having billions of parameters and requiring billions of arithmetic operations. As these systems are widely utilized, ensuring their reliable operation is becoming a design requirement. Traditional error detection mechanisms introduce circuit or time redundancy that significantly impacts system performance. An alternative is the use of Concurrent Error Detection (CED) schemes that operate in parallel with the system and exploit their properties to detect errors. CED is attractive for large ML systems because it can potentially reduce the cost of error detection. In this paper, we introduce Concurrent Classifier Error Detection (CCED), a scheme to implement CED in ML systems using a concurrent ML classifier to detect errors. CCED identifies a set of check signals in the main ML system and feeds them to the concurrent ML classifier that is trained to detect errors. The proposed CCED scheme has been implemented and evaluated on two widely used large-scale ML models: Contrastive Language Image Pretraining (CLIP) used for image classification and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) used for natural language applications. The results show that more than 95 percent of the errors are detected when using a simple Random Forest classifier that is order of magnitude simpler than CLIP or BERT. These results illustrate the potential of CCED to implement error detection in large-scale ML models.
Research and innovation in agriculture: beyond productivity?
Creators: name: Viaggi, Davide
name: Viaggi, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Agriculture
subject: research
subject: innovation
subject: productivity
subject: bio-refinery
subject: circular economy
subject: bioeconomy

description: Studies on the effects of research and innovation in agriculture have been largely characterised by efforts to make a connection between expenditure and productivity. A number of issues have challenged the ability of productivity to measure the effects of research, namely, in recent years, increasing efforts towards improving the environmental performance of the farming sector. Besides environmental concerns, however, a number of recent concepts have emerged that are shaping the current research and policy agenda and which could result in a revision of the productivity concepts used to evaluate research impacts. The objective of this paper is to discuss these issues and their implications for studies on the impact of research and innovation. We address, in particular, the following issues: a) the development of the of bioeconomy and related concepts such as the circular economy, resource efficiency and bio-refinery; b) the connection with entrepreneurship and eco-innovation; c) changing tools in research assessment, in particular the widespread use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); and d) the evolving concepts of sustainability and ecosystem services. We argue that while the traditional notion of productivity, intended as output/input ratio, maintains (and may be strengthens) its role on the aggregate, a more analytical interpretation of the pathways towards research impacts is needed, as well as a broadened view of productivity and its determinants.
Curvature Invariants for the Accelerating Natario Warp Drive
Creators: name: Mattingly, B.
name: Kar, A.
name: Gorban, M.
name: Julius, W.
name: Watson, C. K.
name: Ali, M. D.
name: Baas, A.
name: Elmore, C.
name: Lee, J. S.
name: Shakerin, B.
name: Davis, E. W.
name: Cleaver, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A process for using curvature invariants is applied to evaluate the accelerating Natario warp drive. Curvature invariants are independent of coordinate bases and plotting the invariants is free of coordinate mapping distortions. While previous works focus mainly on the mathematical description of the warp bubble, plotting curvature invariants provides a novel pathway to investigate the Natário spacetime and its characteristics. For warp drive spacetimes, there are four independent curvature invariants the Ricci scalar, r_1, r_2, and w_2. The invariant plots demonstrate how each curvature invariant evolves over the parameters of time, acceleration, skin depth and radius of the warp bubble. They show that the Ricci scalar has the greatest impact of the invariants on the surrounding spacetime. They also reveal key features of the Natario warp bubble such as a flat harbor in the center of it, a dynamic wake, and the internal structures of the warp bubble.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures
A Note on the Generalization of the GEMS Approach
Creators: name: Chen, Hong-Zhi
name: Tian, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a supplement of our earlier work JHEP 0410 (2004) 011[gr-qc/0409107].We map the vector potential of charged black holes into GEMS and find that its effect on the thermal spectrum is the same as that on the black hole side, i.e., it will induce a chemical potential in the thermal spectrum which is the same as that in the charged black holes.We also argue that the generalization of GEMS approach to non-stationary motions is not possible.
description: Latex file, 10 pages, no figure; v2: minor corrections; v3: revised with title changed, one new section added and references added
Optimal Thermodynamic Processes For Gases
Creators: name: Kushner, Alexei
name: Lychagin, Valentin
name: Roop, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider an optimal control problem in equilibrium thermodynamics of gases. Thermodynamic state of the gas is given by a Legendrian submanifold in a contact thermodynamic space. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle we find a thermodynamic process on this submanifold such that the gas maximizes the work functional. For ideal gases, this problem is shown to be integrable in Liouville's sense and its solution is given by means of action-angle variables. For real gases considered as a perturbation of ideal ones, the integrals are given asymptotically.
description: 13 pages
LA MERCADOTECNIA, UNA CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA EDUCACIÓN Y EL DESARROLLO REGIONAL. CASO GRUPO UNIÓN SINALOA, MÉXICO
Creators: name: Romero Lozoya, Marisol
name: Zayas Barreras, Rosa Armida
name: Bojorquez Camacho, Octavio
name: Castro Montoya, Jorge Arturo
name: Romero Lozoya, Marisol
name: Zayas Barreras, Rosa Armida
name: Bojorquez Camacho, Octavio
name: Castro Montoya, Jorge Arturo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: education
subject: human capital
subject: administration of businesses and regional development.

description: The objective of this work is to present this research conducted in the Group Unión fuel area, is to show an example about how the construction of the knowledge occurs in the north-central region of the state of Sinaloa, and in addition, to document a case study with empirical references that fortify the discipline of administration of businesses in the regional context and the FAADER mainly. The theoretical frame was constructed from the eclectic perspective of the management's studies of the knowledge, the administrative theory, the based on resources and capacities theory, and the basic conceptual theory of intellectual capital, as a guide for this case, as well as theory of organizational behavior. For the accomplishment of the empirical study, a qualitative-quantitative methodology was used, supported by some techniques of data summary proven in the scope of scientific research. The technique of observation was used initially and later the interview was done where thirty percent of the members participated in expressing their experiences within the service units. In addition, access to some documents used in the administration of the same was provided. The results show that the key aspects found adhered to the service's philosophy, and have created success to a large extent. They are: the efficiency of the human capital in the workplace. Also, the value of the tactical plan for marketing research, the established collaborations and enterprise alliances with other organizations currently in the field that helps to project the image and to present a good impression with the clients.
Ethylene glycol-rich thermosensitive poly(ß-hydroxyl amine)s
Creators: name: Junki Oh
name: Jeonghui Hong
name: Anzar Khan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This work illustrates a new molecular design for preparing amphiphilic ethylene glycol-rich poly(ß-hydroxyl amine) polymers. In this design, the backbone and the termini of the side-chain represents hydrophilic parts of the polymer chain. Incorporation of a short hydrophobic alkyl segment between the hydrophilic parts endows an amphiphilic character to the material. Due to this amphiphilic nature, the polymer chains show alkyl-length-dependent thermoresponsive aggregation behavior in aqueous solutions.
Temperature distribution within a compressed gas cylinder during filling
Creators: name: Dicken, Christopher John Bruce
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The minimum refuelling time of compressed gas cylinders and the metering of the dispensed fuel are important factors for the commercialization of hydrogen-powered vehicles. The temperature field within a compressed gas cylinder is investigated using modeling and experimental techniques. A simplified 2-dimensional axisymmetric model is developed for predicting the gas temperature and pressure rise in a hydrogen cylinder during the fill process. The model is then validated by comparison with in-situ measurements of the average temperature rise and temperature distribution inside a working compressed hydrogen cylinder during the process of filling. The model is able to predict the average temperature rise within the cylinder to within 4K. Both experimental and model results show a large conical temperature gradient extending out from the cylinder inlet. The effects of the initial mass and the total fill time on the temperature rise and the temperature distribution within a compressed hydrogen cylinder during refuelling have been measured. A type 3, 74 L hydrogen cylinder was instrumented internally with 63 thermocouples distributed along the vertical plane. The experimental fills were performed from initial pressures of 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 bar at fill rates corresponding to nominal fill times of 1, 3, and 6 minutes. The experimental conditions with larger ratios of final to initial mass produced larger temperature changes. However, the lower ratios generated the largest rates of temperature rise. Longer fill times produced lower final average gas temperatures (compared to shorter fills), and a temperature field with significant vertical stratification due to buoyancy forces at lower gas inlet velocities. The modeling and experimental results show that a sensor located along the centreline at the non fill end of the cylinder would best represent the average gas temperature within the cylinder.
Early warnings of tipping in a non-autonomous turbulent reactive flow system: efficacy, reliability, and warning times
Creators: name: Banerjee, Ankan
name: Pavithran, Induja
name: Sujith, R. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real-world complex systems such as the climate, ecosystems, stock markets, and combustion engines are prone to dynamical transitions from one state to another, with catastrophic consequences. State variables of such systems often exhibit aperiodic fluctuations, either chaotic or stochastic in nature. Often, the parameters describing a system vary with time, showing time dependency. Constrained by these effects, it becomes difficult to be warned of an impending critical transition, as such effects contaminate the precursory signals of the transition. Therefore, a need for efficient and reliable early-warning signals (EWS) in such complex systems is in pressing demand. Motivated by this fact, in the present work, we analyze various EWS in the context of a non-autonomous turbulent thermoacoustic system. In particular, we investigate the efficacy of different EWS in forecasting the onset of thermoacoustic instability (TAI) and their reliability with respect to the rate of change of the control parameter. We consider the Reynolds number (Re) as the control parameter, which is varied linearly with time at finite rates. The considered EWS are derived from critical slowing down, spectral properties, and fractal characteristics of the system variables. The state of TAI is associated with large amplitude acoustic pressure oscillations that could lead thermoacoustic systems to break down. Our analysis shows that irrespective of the rate of variation of the control parameter, the Hurst exponent and variance of autocorrelation coefficients warn of an impending transition well in advance and are more reliable than other EWS measures. We also investigate the variation of amplitudes of the most significant modes of acoustic pressure oscillations with the Hurst exponent. Such variations lead to scaling laws which could be significant in prediction and devising control actions to mitigate TAI.
PRIORIZACIÓN DE CADENAS AGROPRODUCTIVAS ANTE LA VULNERABILIDAD DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO
Creators: name: Perez Diaz, Magaly Montserrat
name: Moctezuma Lopez, Georgel
name: Jolalpa Barrera, Jose Luis
name: Perez Diaz, Magaly Montserrat
name: Moctezuma Lopez, Georgel
name: Jolalpa Barrera, Jose Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Competitiveness
subject: socioeconomic importance
subject: dynamism
subject: positioning matrix
subject: grain maize.

description: The chains priorization was realized with the chain priorization methodology propose by the International for Service National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) and mentioned by Espinosa et al., 2009, this methodology has its foundations in two main dimensions the socioeconomic importance and the competitiveness, each of these is subdivided as well in diverse variables. The total of cultures in the Estado de Mexico and according to their production value obtained through SIACON 1980-2007 and SIAP-SAGARPA 1996-2010, 12 chains were selected: grain maize, crisantemo, grass, rose, potato, fodder oats, red tomato (tomato), green tomato, carnation, tuna, green alfalfa and fodder maize. To priorization and as a result of the obtained variables qualifications, the most relevant chains were grain maize, chrysants, potato and rose with 102, 91, 91, and 90 points respectively.
ANÁLISIS DEL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE CAMARÓN COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN LOS AGRONEGOCIOS
Creators: name: Coronado Quintana, Jose Angel
name: Ross Guerrero, Marco Antonio
name: Retes Lopez, Rafael
name: Coronado Quintana, Jose Angel
name: Ross Guerrero, Marco Antonio
name: Retes Lopez, Rafael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Shrimp
subject: food
subject: production
subject: costs
subject: conversion.

description: The shrimp considers a global there product and its market presents/displays a high competitiveness since other countries compete with Mexico in the national market like international, of the importance of being competitive in its production, is by costs or differentiation. A company that does not measure its processes cannot have control of the same, this implies that either it will not be able to improve them what does susceptible to be surpassed by the competition, is important since the food represents between a 40-45% of the cost of the product and where its handling is considered high-priority for the decision making. The productive process of the culture of shrimp with an administrative approach was analyzed, evaluating the answer of growth in individual weight (gr.) and provided food (kg/ha.), with the purpose of to look for alternatives of measurement of the processes for its better understanding, control and decision making. Three sections marked like A, B were chosen and E and data in weeks 5, 10, 15 and 20 of a total of 25 were taken that lasts all the process of growth of the shrimp; section B was the one that better economic yield had, nevertheless the process that showed better control went the one of section A; the section and presented/displayed the greater dispersion and the high factors of conversion but hitting the productive yield. The analysis is important and evaluation of the information at the end of the culture, nevertheless also is it throughout the process for a good decision making.
Additional file 3 of School-based healthy eating interventions for adolescents aged 10–19 years: an umbrella review
Creators: name: Samad, Nandeeta
name: Bearne, Lindsay
name: Noor, Farha Musharrat
name: Akter, Fahmida
name: Parmar, Divya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 3
LA PRECIPITACIÓN PLUVIAL Y LA PRODUCCIÓN BOVINA EN SONORA
Creators: name: Denogean Ballesteros, Francisco G.
name: Moreno Medina, Salomon
name: Ibarra Flores, Fernando A.
name: Martin Rivera, Martha H.
name: Retes Lopez, Rafael
name: Martinez Duran, Ana B.
name: Aguilar Valdes, Alfredo
name: Moreno Alvarez, Cyrenne Y.
name: Denogean Ballesteros, Francisco G.
name: Moreno Medina, Salomon
name: Ibarra Flores, Fernando A.
name: Martin Rivera, Martha H.
name: Retes Lopez, Rafael
name: Martinez Duran, Ana B.
name: Aguilar Valdes, Alfredo
name: Moreno Alvarez, Cyrenne Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Correlation
subject: rain
subject: Sonora
subject: cattle productivity
subject: drought.

description: Statistical information of diverse official sources with respect to rain was revised and factors of productivity of the system bovine meat in the state of Sonora, Mexico, for the period from 1999 to 2008. Nine variables were analyzed statistically to obtain the Coefficient of Correlation(CC), using the package SPSS, Version 12. The variables were: 1. rain in mm, 2. number of heads produced, 3. volume of meat production in tons, 4. value of the production in thousands pesos, 5. price of the carcass in pesos by kilogram, 6. weight of the carcass in kilograms, 7. number of calves exported, 8. number of heifer exported and 9. price average in US dollars by pound of it exported; all the variables were expressed considering the rain of each with the productive parameters of the following year during the period. The variable rain and number of heifer exported they were the unique significant with CC=0.664. It is concluded that in the years of the period analyzed, to greater annual rain a greater number of heifer was reflected they exported to the following year.
Effect of a carbon price on farm profitability on rain-fed dairy farms in south-west Victoria: a first look
Creators: name: Ozkan, Seyda
name: Farquharson, Robert J.
name: Hill, Julian
name: Malcolm, Bill
name: Ozkan, Seyda
name: Farquharson, Robert J.
name: Hill, Julian
name: Malcolm, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: dairy farm
subject: feeding system
subject: carbon cost
subject: operating profit

description: In this study, the possible impact of different prices of carbon on farm profitability in two dairy farm businesses with different feeding systems was analysed. The feeding systems evaluated were a ryegrass pasture-based system (RM) and a complementary forage-based system (CF). The carbon charge was imposed on the systems as they currently operate and without the farmers making strategic changes in response to the tax. The study is a first-look approach in order to gauge the order of magnitude of a carbon charge on dairy systems if they were to continue to operate essentially under the same system following the impost of a cost of carbon emissions, and to gauge the likely size of incentives to respond. The main finding of this study was that net present value (NPV) of operating profit for each system over the five years was reduced by a price on carbon. The carbon charge of $15/t CO2-eq reduced the present value of the operating profits over the five years of operation by around 7% and 6% in the RM and the CF systems respectively. The carbon charge of $25/t CO2-eq reduced the present value of the operating profits over the five years of operation by around 11% in the RM and 10% in the CF systems. Farmers continually face rising costs of production, and respond accordingly. A price on carbon emissions, if ever applied to agriculture, would invoke responses to further increase productivity and possibly to seek offsets if genuine opportunities occurred.
Hypergraphs and a functional equation of Bouwkamp and de Bruijn
Creators: name: Gessel, Ira M.
name: Kalikow, Louis H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15

description: We show that a 1969 result of Bouwkamp and de Bruijn on a formal power series expansion can be interpreted as the hypergraph analogue of the fact that every connected graph with n vertices has at least n-1 edges. We explain some of Bouwkamp and de Bruijn's formulas in terms of hypertrees and we use Lagrange inversion to count hypertrees by the number of vertices and the number of edges of a specified size.
description: 16 pages. To appear in J. Combin. Theory Ser. A
Quenching of light hadron spectra in pA collisions from fully coherent energy loss
Creators: name: Arleo, François
name: Peigné, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We single out the role of fully coherent induced gluon radiation on light hadron production in pA collisions. The effect has an interesting color structure, as the induced radiation depends on the global color charge of the partonic subprocess final state. Baseline predictions for light hadron nuclear suppression in pPb collisions at the LHC are provided, taking into account only the effect of fully coherent energy loss, which proves of the same order of magnitude as gluon shadowing or saturation. This underlines the need to include fully coherent energy loss in phenomenological studies of hadron production in pA collisions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Tachyon Potential in a Magnetic Field with Anomalous Dimensions
Creators: name: Grange, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Products defined in the context of noncommutative gauge theory allow for an interpolation between exact results on tachyon potentials at zero and large background B-fields. Techniques for computations of effective actions are transposed from the framework of gauge theory to the framework of boundary string field theory, resulting in deformations of the noncommutative tachyon potential by anomalous dimensions.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX
Economic analysis of irrigation re-use systems in the Macalister Irrigation District of Eastern Victoria
Creators: name: Myers, Ben D.
name: Tarrant, Katherine A.
name: Ho, Christie K.M.
name: Myers, Ben D.
name: Tarrant, Katherine A.
name: Ho, Christie K.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Dairy farming systems
subject: economics
subject: irrigation re-use system

description: Irrigation re-use systems are a common way of improving water use efficiency on irrigated dairy farms in the Macalister Irrigation District. A partial budget analysis of installing a range of irrigation re-use systems on an existing dairy farm was conducted using a case study approach. Two re-use dam sizes were tested – 6 ML and 9 ML. The analysis quantified the benefits of installing a re-use system through growing and consuming additional grazed pasture. There are also potentially other benefits of installing a re-use system both on and off farm, including improved irrigation management and reduced nutrient transfer from the capture area. The analysis found that irrigation re-use systems were almost always a good investment, regardless of the volume of water re-used or the amount of additional pasture consumed. The 9 ML dam had some economies of size, and therefore a lower pasture response per megalitre of water re-used was needed to meet the decision criterion (10% nominal internal rate of return). Only in the situation where both the value of pasture and percentage of water re-used were low ($100/t DM and 10% respectively), was the investment not justified on economic grounds. For a 6 ML re-use dam, a pasture price of $150/t DM and a re-use rate of 10% was still able to achieve a nominal internal rate of return of 12%.
Higher Form Symmetries and M-theory
Creators: name: Albertini, Federica
name: Del Zotto, Michele
name: Etxebarria, Iñaki García
name: Hosseini, Saghar S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the geometric origin of discrete higher form symmetries of quantum field theories in terms of defect groups from geometric engineering in M-theory. The flux non-commutativity in M-theory gives rise to (mixed) 't Hooft anomalies for the defect group which constrains the corresponding global structures of the associated quantum fields. We analyze the example of 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ SYM gauge theory in four dimensions, and we reproduce the well-known classification of global structures from reading between its lines. We extend this analysis to the case of 7d $\mathcal{N}=1$ SYM theory, where we recover it from a mixed 't Hooft anomaly among the electric 1-form center symmetry and the magnetic 4-form center symmetry in the defect group. The case of five-dimensional SCFTs from M-theory on toric singularities is discussed in detail. In that context we determine the corresponding 1-form and 2-form defect groups and we explain how to determine the corresponding mixed 't Hooft anomalies from flux non-commutativity. Several predictions for non-conventional 5d SCFTs are obtained. The matching of discrete higher-form symmetries and their anomalies provides an interesting consistency check for 5d dualities.
description: 48 pages. v2: Added references and fixed typos
Parity Violation in Astrophysics
Creators: name: Horowitz, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Core collapse supernovae are gigantic explosions of massive stars that radiate 99% of their energy in neutrinos. This provides a unique opportunity for large scale parity or charge conjugation violation. Parity violation in a strong magnetic field could lead to an asymmetry in the neutrino radiation and recoil of the newly formed neutron star. Charge conjugation violation in the neutrino-nucleon interaction reduces the ratio of neutrons to protons in the neutrino driven wind above the neutron star. This is a problem for r-process nucleosynthesis in this wind. On earth, parity violation is an excellent probe of neutrons because the weak charge of a neutron is much larger than that of a proton. The Parity Radius Experiment (PREX) at Jefferson Laboratory aims to precisely measure the neutron radius of $^{208}$Pb with parity violating elastic electron scattering. This has many implications for astrophysics, including the structure of neutron stars, and for atomic parity nonconservation experiments.}
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of PAVI04 conference in Grenoble, France
Formulating and critically examining the assumptions of global 21-cm signal analyses: How to avoid the false troughs that can appear in single spectrum fits
Creators: name: Tauscher, Keith
name: Rapetti, David
name: Burns, Jack O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The assumptions inherent to global 21-cm signal analyses are rarely delineated. In this paper, we formulate a general list of suppositions underlying a given claimed detection of the global 21-cm signal. Then, we specify the form of these assumptions for two different analyses: 1) the one performed by the EDGES team showing an absorption trough in brightness temperature that they modeled separately from the sky foreground and 2) a new, so-called Minimum Assumption Analysis (MAA), that makes the most conservative assumptions possible for the signal. We show fits using the EDGES analysis on various beam-weighted foreground simulations from the EDGES latitude with no signal added. Depending on the beam used, these simulations produce large false troughs due to the invalidity of the foreground model to describe the combination of beam chromaticity and the shape of the Galactic plane in the sky, the residuals of which are captured by the ad hoc flattened Gaussian signal model. On the other hand, the MAA provides robust fits by including many spectra at different time bins and allowing any possible 21-cm spectrum to be modeled exactly. We present uncertainty levels and example signal reconstructions found with the MAA for different numbers of time bins. With enough time bins, one can determine the true 21-cm signal with the MAA to $<10$ times the noise level.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ. Since previous version, added frequency correlation structure under MAA analysis and laid out extension of MAA to motion-induced dipole of 21-cm signal
Implications of the Ganea Condition
Creators: name: Iwase, Norio
name: Stanley, Donald
name: Strom, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55M30

description: Suppose the spaces X and X cross A have the same Lusternik-Schnirelmann category: cat(X cross A)= cat(X). Then there is a strict inequality cat(X cross (A halfsmash B)) < cat (X) + cat(A halfsmash B) for every space B, provided the connectivity of A is large enough (depending only on X). This is applied to give a partial verification of a conjecture of Iwase on the category of products of spaces with spheres.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol4/agt-4-36.abs.html
Economic analysis of irrigation modernisation connection options for a dairy farm in northern Victoria
Creators: name: Dalton, William
name: Armstrong, David
name: Dalton, William
name: Armstrong, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: dairy
subject: irrigation
subject: water

description: Limited availability of irrigation water has placed pressure on farmers and water authorities to improve the efficiency of their operations. ‗Modernisation‘ of irrigation infrastructure systems is occurring throughout Australia in order to improve system delivery efficiency and reduce water losses. A case study farm was used to examine the economic impacts of investing in a range of on-farm infrastructure connection options to improve irrigation efficiency. The analysis determined the required incentive payment for each connection option along with the impact from additional pasture/saved water/saved labour for a selected option. None of the irrigation upgrade options analysed were profitable investments for the case study farm business, without the payment of a substantial incentive. The amount of incentive required to ensure the farmer was no ‗worse off‘ varied markedly between the options analysed. The options with low capital expenditure, but higher water losses, appear the most profitable in all water availability scenarios, particularly under low irrigation water availability.
Quantum Critical Behavior of Two Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Pan, Feng
name: Draayer, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum critical behavior of the Bose-Hubbard model for a description of two coupled Bose-Einstein condensates is studied within the framework of an algebraic theory. Energy levels, wavefunction overlaps with those of the Rabi and Fock regimes, and the entanglement are calculated exactly as functions of the phase parameter and the number of bosons. The results show that the system goes though a phase transition and that the critical behavior is enhanced in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 6 pages, LaTex, 3 figures
An economic evaluation of automatic cluster removers as a labour saving device for dairy farm businesses
Creators: name: Tarrant, Katherine A.
name: Armstrong, Dan P.
name: Tarrant, Katherine A.
name: Armstrong, Dan P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Cost Benefit Analysis
subject: Partial Budget
subject: Dairy Technology
subject: Automatic Cluster Remover

description: Automatic cluster removers (ACRs) are a popular device used for reducing labour requirements and improving conditions for workers and cows in the milking shed. An economic analysis was conducted on a range of milking sheds and herd sizes to determine whether the costs associated with the installation of ACRs can be justified on the value of the saved labour alone. The analysis suggested that the technology could be a good investment in many Australian dairies, with a nominal internal rate of return (IRR) of up to 75%. The performance of the investment was dependant on being able to remove labour from the dairy after the installation of the devices. As the potential to make labour savings generally increases with shed and herd size, returns on investment also increased with these two factors. While the cash labour savings are a major attraction to the adoption of new technologies, there are a number of costs and benefits that are difficult to quantify, but are important when considering an investment. These include herd health, occupational health and safety, worker comfort, and managerial control of the dairy shed.
Additional file 1 of Biosensor-based growth-coupling as an evolutionary strategy to improve heme export in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Creators: name: Krüger, Aileen
name: Göddecke, Janik
name: Osthege, Michael
name: Navratil, Luis
name: Weber, Ulrike
name: Oldiges, Marco
name: Frunzke, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Mode mixing and losses in misaligned microcavities
Creators: name: Hughes, William J.
name: Doherty, Thomas H.
name: Blackmore, Jacob A.
name: Horak, Peter
name: Goodwin, Joseph F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study on the optical losses of Fabry-Pérot cavities subject to realistic transverse mirror misalignment. We consider mirrors of the two most prevalent surface forms: idealised spherical depressions, and Gaussian profiles generated by laser ablation. We first describe the mode mixing phenomena seen in the spherical mirror case and compare to the frequently-used clipping model, observing close agreement in the predicted diffraction loss, but with the addition of protective mode mixing at transverse degeneracies. We then discuss the Gaussian mirror case, detailing how the varying surface curvature across the mirror leads to complex variations in round trip loss and mode profile. In light of the severe mode distortion and strongly elevated loss predicted for many cavity lengths and transverse alignments when using Gaussian mirrors, we suggest that the consequences of mirror surface profile are carefully considered when designing cavity experiments.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Pure State Correlations: Chords in Phase Space
Creators: name: de Almeida, Alfredo M. Ozorio
name: Vallejos, Raul O.
name: Saraceno, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intensity of the overlap of a quantum state with all its phase space translations defines its quantum correlations. In the case of pure states, these are invariant with respect to Fourier transformation. The overlaps themselves are here studied in terms of the Wigner function and its Fourier transform, i.e., the characteristic function or chord function. Unlike the Wigner function, the chord function need not be real, but eventual symmetry with respect to reflections about a phase space point may relate these representations. Semiclassical approximations for the "classical-like" region of small chords and for large chords are derived. These lead to an interpretation of the Fourier invariance in terms of conjugate chords. The interrelation of large and small (sub-Planck) phase space structures previously noted in the literature are thus reinterpreted.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
The roles of trust and commitment in the Australian Lamb Retailers/Wholesalers
Creators: name: Jie, Ferry
name: Jie, Ferry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: trust
subject: commitment
subject: lamb
subject: supply chain management

description: The red meat sector is vital to Australian agriculture. It is a large contributor to the value of agricultural production and exports and also accounts for a significant proportion of rural and regional employment. Developments in the red meat sector also affect other industries, both upstream and downstream. A supply chain management survey of the Australian lamb industry was conducted by distributing a mail questionnaire to lamb retailers and wholesalers. The objective was to establish a model explaining the supply chain performance indicator responsiveness of lamb retailers/wholesalers in terms of the trust and commitment. Multiple regression analysis was performed. Australian lamb retailers‘ antecedent cooperative behaviours (independent variables) were regressed on supply chain performance indicator responsiveness (dependent variable). The result of this research confirmed that trust and commitment are positively correlated with lamb retailers‘ responsiveness. Trust and commitment are a crucial part of any long-term relationships or alliance in agribusiness firms.
Advancing Italian Biomedical Information Extraction with Transformers-based Models: Methodological Insights and Multicenter Practical Application
Creators: name: Crema, Claudio
name: Buonocore, Tommaso Mario
name: Fostinelli, Silvia
name: Parimbelli, Enea
name: Verde, Federico
name: Fundarò, Cira
name: Manera, Marina
name: Ramusino, Matteo Cotta
name: Capelli, Marco
name: Costa, Alfredo
name: Binetti, Giuliano
name: Bellazzi, Riccardo
name: Redolfi, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; J.3

description: The introduction of computerized medical records in hospitals has reduced burdensome activities like manual writing and information fetching. However, the data contained in medical records are still far underutilized, primarily because extracting data from unstructured textual medical records takes time and effort. Information Extraction, a subfield of Natural Language Processing, can help clinical practitioners overcome this limitation by using automated text-mining pipelines. In this work, we created the first Italian neuropsychiatric Named Entity Recognition dataset, PsyNIT, and used it to develop a Transformers-based model. Moreover, we collected and leveraged three external independent datasets to implement an effective multicenter model, with overall F1-score 84.77%, Precision 83.16%, Recall 86.44%. The lessons learned are: (i) the crucial role of a consistent annotation process and (ii) a fine-tuning strategy that combines classical methods with a "low-resource" approach. This allowed us to establish methodological guidelines that pave the way for Natural Language Processing studies in less-resourced languages.
description: 2 figures, 6 tables, Supplementary Notes included
New series representation for Madelung constant
Creators: name: Tyagi, Sandeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new series representation of the Madelung constant is given. We represent Madelung constant as a sum of an exact term plus an exponentially fast converging series. The remarkable result is that even if the series part is discarded, one obtains Madelung constant correct up to ten good decimal figures. This, to the best of our knowledge, may be the fastest converging series representation of the Madelung constant. A few other important identities are also obtained.
The Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer Spectral Feature Finder I. The Spectral Feature Finder and Catalogue
Creators: name: Hopwood, R.
name: Valtchanov, I.
name: Spencer, Locke D.
name: Scott, J. P.
name: Benson, C. S.
name: Marchili, N.
name: Hladczuk, N.
name: Polehampton, E. T.
name: Lu, N.
name: Makiwa, G.
name: Naylor, D. A.
name: Gom, B. G.
name: Noble, G.
name: Griffin, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a detailed description of the Herschel-SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Spectral Feature Finder (FF). The FF is an automated process designed to extract significant spectral features from SPIRE FTS data products. Optimising the number of features found in SPIRE-FTS spectra is challenging. The wide SPIRE-FTS frequency range (447-1568 GHz) leads to many molecular species and atomic fine structure lines falling within the observed bands. As the best spectral resolution of the SPIRE-FTS is ~1.2 GHz, there can be significant line blending, depending on the source type. In order to find, both efficiently and reliably, features in spectra associated with a wide range of sources, the FF iteratively searches for peaks over a number of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) thresholds. For each threshold, newly identified features are rigorously checked before being added to the fitting model. At the end of each iteration, the FF simultaneously fits the continuum and features found, with the resulting residual spectrum used in the next iteration. The final FF products report the frequency of the features found and the associated SNRs. Line flux determination is not included as part of the FF products, as extracting reliable line flux from SPIRE-FTS data is a complex process that requires careful evaluation and analysis of the spectra on a case-by-case basis. The FF results are 100% complete for features with SNR greater than 10 and 50-70% complete at SNR of 5. The FF code and all FF products are publicly available via the Herschel Science Archive.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, 8 tables, final version accepted by MNRAS June 2020