cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fractal-Quantum Synergy: Billion-Dimensional Optimization via Multiscale Fractal Counterpoint Fractal-Quantum Synergy: Billion-Dimensional Optimization via Multiscale Fractal Counterpoint
Creators: name: Mohammad Piran
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Multi Scale Fractal Counterpoint
Multi-scale Fractal Harmony
Multi-Scale fractal Variations
Multi scale fractal Counter modulation
Fractal Form Adaptation
Mohammad Piran

description: Fractal-Quantum Synergy: Billion-Dimensional Optimization via Multiscale Fractal Counterpoint

Mohammad Piran

Independent Research Collective, Shiraz, Iran

 

BackUpFiles
title: AKM effects for German labour market data 1985-2021
Creators: name: Lochner, Benjamin
name: Seth, Stefan
name: Wolter, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Forschungsdatenzentrum der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) im Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: German Administrative Data
subject: Person and Establishment Fixed Effects
subject: AKM

description: Dieser FDZ-Methodenreport beschreibt die Schätzung und Aufbereitung der personen- und betriebsspezifischen Lohneffekte (AKM_8521_v1) und wie diese zu einigen derüber das Forschungsdatenzentrum (FDZ) der Bundesagentur für Arbeit im Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) verfügbaren Datensätze zugespielt werden können. Der Report aktualisiert den Bericht von Bellmann et al. 2020.
description: FDZ-Methodenreport
Gottfried von Straßburg: Tristan. Bibliographische Hinweise
Creators: name: Heiles, Marco
Publisher: name: unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: German language--Study and teaching
subject: Area studies
subject: Germanic literature
subject: Literature, Medieval

description: Bibliography to Gottfried von Straßburg: 'Tristan'.

Content:
Gottfrieds 'Tristan': Editionen, Übersetzungen, Kommentare und Wortindex
Zur handschriftlichen Überlieferung von Gottfrieds 'Tristan'
Ausgaben anderer 'Tristan'-Texte
Bibliographien zu Gottfried von Straßburg
Einführungen zu Gottfried von Straßburg
Weiterführende Literatur zu Gottfrieds 'Tristan'
Einführungen in die germanistische Mediävistik
Literaturgeschichten zum (Hoch-)Mittelalter
Nachschlagewerke, Datenbanken, Internetportale
Paläographie und Kodikologie, Handschriftenproduktion im hohen und späten Mittelalter
Additional file 1 of Does universal insurance influence disparities in high-quality hospital use for inpatient pediatric congenital heart defect care within the first year of diagnosis?
Creators: name: El-Amin, Amber
name: Koehlmoos, Tracey
name: Yue, Dahai
name: Chen, Jie
name: Benharash, Peyman
name: Franzini, Luisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
title: Creating cross-sectional data and biographical variables with the Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies 1975-2021 - Programming examples for Stata
Creators: name: Vom Berge, Philipp
name: Schmucker, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Forschungsdatenzentrum der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) im Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB)
subject: data preparation
subject: cross-sectional data
subject: data management

description: Der vorliegende FDZ-Methodenreport (einschließlich der Programmierbeispiele für Stata) beschreibt die Erstellung von Querschnittdaten auf Basis der Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien (Version 1975-2021) zu frei wählbaren Stichtagen. Zudem werden die Generierung von biografischen Merkmalen und das Vorgehen, das Sonderzahlungen und die da-zugehörigen Tagesentgelte aufsummiert, erläutert.
description: FDZ-Methodenreport
A protocol for exosome isolation and characterization: evaluation of ultracentrifugation, density-gradient separation, and immunoaffinity capture methods.
Creators: name: Greening, David
name: Xu, Rong
name: Ji, H
name: Tauro, BJ
name: Simpson, Richard
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015. Exosomes are 40–150 nm extracellular vesicles that are released from a multitude of cell types, and perform diverse cellular functions including intercellular communication, antigen presentation, and transfer of tumorigenic proteins, mRNA and miRNA. Exosomes are important regulators of the cellular niche, and their altered characteristics in many diseases, such as cancer, suggest their importance for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, and as drug delivery vehicles. Exosomes have been purified from biological fluids and in vitro cell cultures using a variety of strategies and techniques. In this chapter, we reveal the protocol and key insights into the isolation, purification and characterization of exosomes, distinct from shed microvesicles and apoptotic blebs. Using the colorectal cancer cell line LIM1863 as a cell model, a comprehensive evaluation of exosome isolation methods including ultracentrifugation (UC-Exos), OptiPrep™ density-based separation (DG-Exos), and immunoaffinity capture using anti-EpCAM-coated magnetic beads (IAC-Exos) were examined. All exosome isolation methodologies contained 40–150 nm vesicles based on electron microscopy, and positive for exosome markers (Alix, TSG101, HSP70) based on immunoblotting. This protocol employed a proteomic profiling approach to characterize the protein composition of exosomes, and label-free spectral counting to evaluate the effectiveness of each method in exosome isolation. Based on the number of MS/MS spectra identified for exosome markers and proteins associated with their biogenesis, trafficking, and release, IAC-Exos was shown to be the most effective method to isolate exosomes. However, the use of density-based separation (DG-Exos) provides significant advantages for exosome isolation when the use of immunoaffinity capture is limited (due to antibody availability and suitability of exosome markers).
Comparison of ultracentrifugation, density gradient separation, and immunoaffinity capture methods for isolating human colon cancer cell line LIM1863-derived exosomes
Creators: name: BJ Tauro
name: Greening, David
name: RA Mathias
name: H Ji
name: Mathivanan, Suresh
name: Scott, Andrew
name: Simpson, Richard
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Exosomes are 40-100. nm extracellular vesicles that are released from a multitude of cell types, and perform diverse cellular functions including intercellular communication, antigen presentation, and transfer of oncogenic proteins as well as mRNA and miRNA. Exosomes have been purified from biological fluids and in vitro cell cultures using a variety of strategies and techniques. However, all preparations invariably contain varying proportions of other membranous vesicles that co-purify with exosomes such as shed microvesicles and apoptotic blebs. Using the colorectal cancer cell line LIM1863 as a cell model, in this study we performed a comprehensive evaluation of current methods used for exosome isolation including ultracentrifugation (UC-Exos), OptiPrep™ density-based separation (DG-Exos), and immunoaffinity capture using anti-EpCAM coated magnetic beads (IAC-Exos). Notably, all isolations contained 40-100. nm vesicles, and were positive for exosome markers (Alix, TSG101, HSP70) based on electron microscopy and Western blotting. We employed a proteomic approach to profile the protein composition of exosomes, and label-free spectral counting to evaluate the effectiveness of each method. Based on the number of MS/MS spectra identified for exosome markers and proteins associated with their biogenesis, trafficking, and release, we found IAC-Exos to be the most effective method to isolate exosomes. For example, Alix, TSG101, CD9 and CD81 were significantly higher (at least 2-fold) in IAC-Exos, compared to UG-Exos and DG-Exos. Application of immunoaffinity capture has enabled the identification of proteins including the ESCRT-III component VPS32C/CHMP4C, and the SNARE synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2) in exosomes for the first time. Additionally, several cancer-related proteins were identified in IAC-Exos including various ephrins (EFNB1, EFNB2) and Eph receptors (EPHA2-8, EPHB1-4), and components involved in Wnt (CTNNB1, TNIK) and Ras (CRK, GRB2) signalling. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Nezumia aequalis
Creators: name: Caires, Rodrigo Antunes
name: Figueiredo, José Lima de
name: Bernardes, Roberto Ávila
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Gadiformes
Macrouridae
Nezumia
Nezumia aequalis

description: Nezumia aequalis (Günther, 1878)
 (Fig. 4)
 Material examinado: MZUSP 86723, 33°36’22”S 50°43’38”W, 538 m de profundidade, 23.ii.2002 (Projeto Revizee Score Sul, Lance 718) (1 ex. danificado), MZUSP 86735, coletado juntamente com o lote anterior (5 ex., alguns danificados, o maior com 107,2 mm de comprimento).
 Descrição (3 ex.): primeira dorsal com 12-13 espinhos; P. 19-22; pélvica: i.6-7 raios; rastros branquiais 0+6-7. Comprimento do focinho 24,3-29,5% do comprimento da cabeça, diâmetro orbital 34,3-41,4%, largura interorbital 21,5-25,1%, comprimento da maxila superior 29,5-42,3%, comprimento da peitoral 41,1-67,1%, e comprimento do barbilhão 7,6-8,6% do comprimento da cabeça.
 Distribuição: Atlântico. No Atlântico Ocidental, foi assinalada do Canadá ao norte do Brasil (Marshall & Iwamoto, 1973; Cohen et al., 1990), tendo sido subseqüentemente registrada na costa central do Brasil (Costa et al., 2007) e no Rio Grande do Sul (34°19’S 51°34’W; Mincarone et al., 2004), com base em um único exemplar. Os exemplares aqui examinados representam registros adicionais dessa espécie na costa sul do Brasil.
 Comentários: são assinaladas mais duas espécies de Nezumia na costa brasileira: N. atlanticus (Parr) e N. suilla Marshall & Iwamoto, 1976 que ocorrem até a costa central do Brasil. Nezumia aequalis difere de N. atlanticus no focinho mais projetado em relação à vertical que passa pela sínfise mandibular, e de N. suilla na presença de oito a dez raios (contra seis ou sete) na nadadeira pélvica, e de escamas espinhosas acima da metade posterior da maxila. Foram encontradas algumas diferenças morfométricas entre os exemplares aqui examinados e informações da literatura; diferenças merísticas entre material do sul do Brasil e tais dados da literatura foram previamente apontadas por Mincarone et al. (2004), mas não é possível avaliar, com os dados disponíveis, o real significado dessas variações.
 Ordem Zeiformes Família Caproidae
description: Published as part of Caires, Rodrigo Antunes, Figueiredo, José Lima de & Bernardes, Roberto Ávila, 2008, Registros novos e adicionais de Teleósteos Marinhos na Costa Brasileira, pp. 213-225 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 48 (19) on pages 216-218, DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492008001900001, http://zenodo.org/record/13314307
General practitioner service provision in residential aged care facilities: 1998-2011
Creators: name: MJ Taylor
name: Edvardsson, David
name: Horey, Dell
name: Fetherstonhaugh, Deirdre
name: Nay, Rhonda
name: Swerissen, Hjalmar
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Aim: To examine the general practitioner (GP) consultation patterns for primary health-care services provided in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) by consultation type. Method: Analyses of service provision and RACF population data for the period 1998-2011. All Medicare-subsidised services provided by GPs across Australia in RACFs were included and categorised by consultation type and by time of service delivery (business or after-hours). Results: Overall service delivery increased from 12118 per 1000 residents in financial year (FY) 1998-99 to 17079 per 1000 residents in FY2010-11, a 41% increase. Since FY2007-08, the rate of brief consultations has grown by an average of 20% each year. Delivery of after-hours consultations also increased. Conclusions: The pattern of GP services provided in RACFs has changed substantially over time. To some extent these changes reflect regulatory adjustments; however, the pattern is at odds with the ever-increasing dependence levels of residents. © 2012 The Authors. Australasian Journal on Ageing © 2012 ACOTA.
sj-pdf-13-jhs-10.1177_1753193420914762 - Supplemental material for BSSH Spring Meeting Abstracts
Creators: name: Samson, Deepak
name: Mahon, Andrew
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110604 Sports Medicine
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110323 Surgery

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-13-jhs-10.1177_1753193420914762 for BSSH Spring Meeting Abstracts by in Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)
Plectranthias garrupellus Robins & Starck 1961
Creators: name: Caires, Rodrigo Antunes
name: Figueiredo, José Lima de
name: Bernardes, Roberto Ávila
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Perciformes
Serranidae
Plectranthias
Plectranthias garrupellus

description: Plectranthias garrupellus Robins & Starck, 1961
 (Fig. 6)
 Material examinado: MZUSP 84600, 23°30’S 42°27’W, 132-136 m de profundidade, 08.viii.1970 (N. Oc. W. Besnard, sta. 1147) (1 ex.; 97,0 mm). MZUSP 84601, 31°20’S 49°54’W, 160 m de profundidade, 15.viii.1983 (M. Haimovici) (1 ex.; 96,0 mm).
 Descrição: D. X.15-16, A. III.7; P. 12-13; rastros branquiais 5+12; 5+11; escamas da linha lateral 29-30; séries transversais de escamas 32-33; escamas circumpediculares 14; 13. Altura do corpo 32,3; 33,3% do CP, comprimento da cabeça 41,1; 41,3% e comprimento do maior espinho dorsal 16,6; 18,6% do CP. Comprimento do focinho 10,5; 12,2% do comprimento da cabeça, diâmetro orbital 10,5; 10,5%, largura interorbital 4,1; 4,4%, e comprimento da maxila superior 47,3; 47,4% do comprimento cefálico.
 Distribuição: espécie até então conhecida da região entre a costa da Carolina do Norte à Flórida, e no Caribe (Robins & Starck, 1961; Randall, 1980; Heemstra et al., 2003). Os exemplares aqui citados representam a primeira ocorrência dessa espécie no Atlântico Sul ocidental.
description: Published as part of Caires, Rodrigo Antunes, Figueiredo, José Lima de & Bernardes, Roberto Ávila, 2008, Registros novos e adicionais de Teleósteos Marinhos na Costa Brasileira, pp. 213-225 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 48 (19) on page 218, DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492008001900001, http://zenodo.org/record/13314307
title: Neural signatures of Bayesian perception
Creators: name: Pellegrini, Valentin
Year: 2024

description: Das Rahmenmodell der Bayesianischen Wahrnehmung geht davon aus, dass unser Gehirn kontinuierlich ein Modell unserer Umwelt erstellt und ständig aktualisiert, und dass Wahrnehmung aus der Integration von äußeren Sinneseindrücken und Erwartungen, basierend auf bestehendem Vorwissen, resultiert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob Menschen den Prinzipien der Bayesianischen Inferenz folgen, im Kontext von auditiven, zeitlichen Prädiktionen. Wir präsentierten 27 Versuchspersonen Tonsequenzen von unvorhersehbarer Länge, die zufällig zwischen Beschleunigung und Verlangsamung wechselten, während ein hochauflösendes Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) aufgezeichnet wurde. Nach jedem Durchgang mussten die Versuchspersonen den finalen Zustand der Tonsequenz rückmelden. Je unmittelbarer die Töne einem Wendepunkt (WP) folgten, desto größer war die Diskrepanz zwischen den Prädiktionen der Versuchspersonen und dem sensorischen Signal. Die Genauigkeit der Antworten war stieg signifikant, mit der Anzahl an Tönen nach dem letzten WP. Dieser Effekt wurde durch das Evidenzniveau verstärkt, was definiert war als die relative Größe des Unterschieds zwischen den letzten beiden aufeinanderfolgenden Interstimulusintervallen (ISIs). Stärkere Evidenzniveau waren mit höherer Antwortgenauigkeit assoziiert. Die Analyse der Ereigniskorrelierten Potentiale (EKPs) ergab stärkere P2 und P3a Spitzenamplituden bei Tönen, die direkt auf einen WP folgten im Vergleich zu Tönen, die an vierter bzw. fünfter Stelle nach einem WP auftraten. Es zeigten sich keine neuronalen Repräsentationen des Evidenzniveaus.
description: The Bayesian perception framework posits, that the brain constantly generates and updates a model of our surroundings, and that perception results from the integration of bottom-up sensory evidence and top-down expectations reflecting prior knowledge. The present study investigates whether humans follow the principles of Bayesian inference in the case of auditory temporal estimations. To that end, we presented 27 subjects with sound sequences of unpredictable length that alternated between acceleration and deceleration at random change points (CPs), while high-density electroencephalography (EEG) was being recorded. At the end of each trial, subjects had to report the final state of the sound sequence. The closer sounds followed a CP, the bigger was the discrepancy between subjects’ prior beliefs and the sensory input. Response accuracy significantly increased with the number of sounds after the last CP. This effect was negatively modulated by the evidence level, defined as the relative size of the difference between the last two consecutive inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs). In general, higher evidence levels were associated with higher response accuracy. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed stronger P2 and P3a peak amplitudes for sounds that directly followed a CP, compared to the 4th and 5th sound after a CP. No neural representations of evidence level were found.
Supplemental Material, sj-doc-1-jgp-10.1177_0891988720964250 - Sleep Problems Are Related to a Worse Quality of Life and a Greater Non-Motor Symptoms Burden in Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: Santos-García, Diego
name: Castro, E. Suárez
name: de Deus Fonticoba, T.
name: Panceiras, M. J. Feal
name: Enriquez, J. G. Muñoz
name: González, J. M. Paz
name: Bartolomé, C. Cores
name: Planellas, L. L.
name: Caldentey, J. García
name: Caballol, N.
name: Legarda, I.
name: López, I. Cabo
name: Manzanares, L. López
name: Rivera, M. A. Ávila
name: Catalán, M. J.
name: Nogueira, V.
name: Borrué, C.
name: Sauco, M. Álvarez
name: Vela, L.
name: Cubo, E.
name: Castrillo, J. C. Martínez
name: Alonso, P. Sánchez
name: Losada, M. G. Alonso
name: Ariztegui, N. López
name: Gastón, M. I.
name: Kulisevsky, J.
name: Pagonabarraga, J.
name: Seijo, M.
name: Martínez, J. Ruíz
name: Valero, C.
name: Kurtis, M.
name: Ardura, J. González
name: Prieto, C.
name: Mir, P.
name: Martinez-Martin, P.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental Material, sj-doc-1-jgp-10.1177_0891988720964250 for Sleep Problems Are Related to a Worse Quality of Life and a Greater Non-Motor Symptoms Burden in Parkinson’s Disease by Diego Santos-García, E. Suárez Castro, T. de Deus Fonticoba, M. J. Feal Panceiras, J. G. Muñoz Enriquez, J. M. Paz González, C. Cores Bartolomé, L. L. Planellas, J. García Caldentey, N. Caballol, I. Legarda, I. Cabo López, L. López Manzanares, M. A. Ávila Rivera, M. J. Catalán, V. Nogueira, C. Borrué, M. Álvarez Sauco, L. Vela, E. Cubo, J. C. Martínez Castrillo, P. Sánchez Alonso, M. G. Alonso Losada, N. López Ariztegui, M. I. Gastón, J. Kulisevsky, J. Pagonabarraga, M. Seijo, J. Ruíz Martínez, C. Valero, M. Kurtis, J. González Ardura, C. Prieto, P. Mir, P. Martinez-Martin and on behalf of the COPPADIS Study Group in Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
Additional file 1 of French national epidemiology of bacterial superinfections in ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients infected with COVID-19: the COVAP study
Creators: name: Pichon, Maxime
name: Cremniter, Julie
name: Burucoa, Christophe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Geographical origin of the data analysed in this study.
Sulindac modulates secreted protein expression from LIM1215 colon carcinoma cells prior to apoptosis
Creators: name: Greening, David
name: Ji, Hong
name: Kapp, Eugene A
name: Simpson, Richard
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of mortality in Western populations. Growing evidence from human and rodent studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause regression of existing colon tumors and act as effective chemopreventive agents in sporadic colon tumor formation. Although much is known about the action of the NSAID sulindac, especially its role in inducing apoptosis, mechanisms underlying these effects is poorly understood. In previous secretome-based proteomic studies using 2D-DIGE/MS and cytokine arrays we identified over 150 proteins released from the CRC cell line LIM1215 whose expression levels were dysregulated by treatment with 1 mM sulindac over 16 h; many of these proteins are implicated in molecular and cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, angiogenesis and apoptosis (Ji et al., Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2009, 3, 433-451). We have extended these studies and describe here an improved protein/peptide separation strategy that facilitated the identification of 987 proteins and peptides released from LIM1215 cells following 1 mM sulindac treatment for 8 h preceding the onset of apoptosis. This peptidome separation strategy involved fractional centrifugal ultrafiltration of concentrated cell culture media (CM) using nominal molecular weight membrane filters (NMWL 30 K, 3 K and 1 K). Proteins isolated in the > 30 K and 3-30 K fractions were electrophoretically separated by SDS-PAGE and endogenous peptides in the 1-3 K membrane filter were fractioned by RP-HPLC; isolated proteins and peptides were identified by nanoLC-MS-MS. Collectively, our data show that LIM1215 cells treated with 1 mM sulindac for 8 h secrete decreased levels of proteins associated with extracellular matrix remodeling (e.g., collagens, perlecan, syndecans, filamins, dyneins, metalloproteinases and endopeptidases), cell adhesion (e.g., cadherins, integrins, laminins) and mucosal maintenance (e.g., glycoprotein 340 and mucins 5 AC, 6, and 13). A salient finding of this study was the increased proteolysis of cell surface proteins following treatment with sulindac for 8 h (40% higher than from untreated LIM1215 cells); several of these endogenous peptides contained C-terminal amino acids from transmembrane domains indicative of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Taken together these results indicate that during the early-stage onset of sulindac-induced apoptosis (evidenced by increased annexin V binding, dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and cleavage of caspase-3), 1 mM sulindac treatment of LIM1215 cells results in decreased expression of secreted proteins implicated in ECM remodeling, mucosal maintenance and cell-cell-adhesion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Detection of Cadherin-17 in human colon cancer LIM1215 cell secretome and tumour xenograft-derived interstitial fluid and plasma
Creators: name: Greening, David
name: Bernhard, OJ
name: Ji, H
name: Simpson, Richard
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most prevalent cancers in the western world, is treatable if detected early. However, 70% of CRC is detected at an advanced stage. This is largely due to the inadequacy of current faecal occult blood screening testing and costs involved in conducting population-based colonoscopy, the 'gold standard' for CRC detection. Another biomarker for CRC, carcinoembryonic antigen, while useful for monitoring CRC recurrence, is ineffective, lacking the specificity required early detection of CRC. For these reasons there is a need for more effective blood-based markers for early CRC detection. In this study we targeted glycoproteins secreted from the human colon carcinoma cell line LIM1215 as a source of potential CRC biomarkers. Secreted candidate glycoproteins were confirmed by MS and validated by Western blot analysis of tissue/tumour interstitial fluid (Tif) from LIM1215 xenograft tumours grown in immunocompromised mice. Overall, 39 glycoproteins were identified in LIM1215 culture media (CCM) and 5 glycoproteins in LIM1215 tumour xenograft Tif; of these, cadherin-17 (CDH17), galectin-3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), and tyrosine-protein kinase-like 7 (PTK7) were identified in both CM and glycosylation motifs. Swiss-Prot was used to annotate Tif. Many of the glycoproteins identified in this study (e.g., AREG, DSG2, EFNA1, EFNA3, EFNA4, EPHB4, ST14, and TIMP1) have been reported to be implicated in CRC biology. Interestingly, the cadherin-17 ectodomain, but not full length cadherin-17, was identified in CM, Tif and plasma derived from mice bearing the LIM1215 xenograft tumour. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the cadherin-17 ectodomain in plasma. In this study, we report for the first time that the presence of full-length cadherin-17 in exosomes released into the CM. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Exosomes and their roles in immune regulation and cancer
Creators: name: Greening, David
name: Gopal, SK
name: Xu, Rong
name: Simpson, Richard
name: Chen, Weisan
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs), function as a mode of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Exosomes facilitate the direct extracellular transfer of proteins, lipids, and miRNA/mRNA/DNAs between cells in vitro and in vivo. The immunological activities of exosomes affect immunoregulation mechanisms including modulating antigen presentation, immune activation, immune suppression, immune surveillance, and intercellular communication. Besides immune cells, cancer cells secrete immunologically active exosomes that influence both physiological and pathological processes. The observation that exosomes isolated from immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) modulate the immune response has enforced the way these membranous vesicles are being considered as potential immunotherapeutic reagents. Indeed, tumour- and immune cell-derived exosomes have been shown to carry tumour antigens and promote immunity, leading to eradication of established tumours by CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells, as well as directly suppressing tumour growth and resistance to malignant tumour development. Further understanding of these areas of exosome biology, and especially of molecular mechanisms involved in immune cell targeting, interaction and manipulation, is likely to provide significant insights into immunorecognition and therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the emerging roles of exosomes in immune regulation and the therapeutic potential in cancer.
Supplemental Material, Table.1.SM.Sleep.Problems.PD.COPPADIS - Sleep Problems Are Related to a Worse Quality of Life and a Greater Non-Motor Symptoms Burden in Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: Santos-García, Diego
name: Castro, E. Suárez
name: de Deus Fonticoba, T.
name: Panceiras, M. J. Feal
name: Enriquez, J. G. Muñoz
name: González, J. M. Paz
name: Bartolomé, C. Cores
name: Planellas, L. L.
name: Caldentey, J. García
name: Caballol, N.
name: Legarda, I.
name: López, I. Cabo
name: Manzanares, L. López
name: Rivera, M. A. Ávila
name: Catalán, M. J.
name: Nogueira, V.
name: Borrué, C.
name: Sauco, M. Álvarez
name: Vela, L.
name: Cubo, E.
name: Castrillo, J. C. Martínez
name: Alonso, P. Sánchez
name: Losada, M. G. Alonso
name: Ariztegui, N. López
name: Gastón, M. I.
name: Kulisevsky, J.
name: Pagonabarraga, J.
name: Seijo, M.
name: Martínez, J. Ruíz
name: Valero, C.
name: Kurtis, M.
name: Ardura, J. González
name: Prieto, C.
name: Mir, P.
name: Martinez-Martin, P.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental Material, Table.1.SM.Sleep.Problems.PD.COPPADIS for Sleep Problems Are Related to a Worse Quality of Life and a Greater Non-Motor Symptoms Burden in Parkinson’s Disease by Diego Santos-García, E. Suárez Castro, T. de Deus Fonticoba, M. J. Feal Panceiras, J. G. Muñoz Enriquez, J. M. Paz González, C. Cores Bartolomé, L. L. Planellas, J. García Caldentey, N. Caballol, I. Legarda, I. Cabo López, L. López Manzanares, M. A. Ávila Rivera, M. J. Catalán, V. Nogueira, C. Borrué, M. Álvarez Sauco, L. Vela, E. Cubo, J. C. Martínez Castrillo, P. Sánchez Alonso, M. G. Alonso Losada, N. López Ariztegui, M. I. Gastón, J. Kulisevsky, J. Pagonabarraga, M. Seijo, J. Ruíz Martínez, C. Valero, M. Kurtis, J. González Ardura, C. Prieto, P. Mir, P. Martinez-Martin and on behalf of the COPPADIS Study Group in Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
Emerging roles of exosomes during epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer progression
Creators: name: Greening, David
name: Gopal, SK
name: Mathias, RA
name: Liu, L
name: Sheng, J
name: Zhu, H-J
name: Simpson, Richard
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved process defined by the loss of epithelial characteristics, and acquisition of the mesenchymal phenotype. In addition to its central role in development, EMT has been implicated as a cellular process during tumourigenesis which facilitates tumour cell invasion and metastasis. The EMT process has been largely defined by signal transduction networks and transcriptional factors that activate mesenchymal-associated gene expression. Knowledge of secretome components that influence EMT including secreted proteins/peptides and membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (i.e., exosomes) has emerged. Here we review EV cargo associated with inducing the hallmarks of EMT and cancer progression, modulators of cell transformation, invasion/migration, angiogenesis, and components involved in establishing the metastatic niche.
The impact of elevated carbon dioxide on the phosphorus nutrition of plants: a review
Creators: name: Jin, Jian
name: Caixian Tang
name: Sale, Peter
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved.
Background: Increasing attention is being focused on the influence of rapid increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration on nutrient cycling in ecosystems. An understanding of how elevated CO2 affects plant utilization and acquisition of phosphorus (P) will be critical for P management to maintain ecosystem sustainability in P-deficient regions. • Scope: This review focuses on the impact of elevated CO2 on plant P demand, utilization in plants and P acquisition from soil. Several knowledge gaps on elevated CO2-P associations are highlighted. • Conclusions: Significant increases in P demand by plants are likely to happen under elevated CO2 due to the stimulation of photosynthesis, and subsequent growth responses. Elevated CO2 alters P acquisition through changes in root morphology and increases in rooting depth. Moreover, the quantity and composition of root exudates are likely to change under elevated CO2, due to the changes in carbon fluxes along the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a consequence, these root exudates may lead to P mobilization by the chelation of P from sparingly soluble P complexes, by the alteration of the biochemical environment and by changes to microbial activity in the rhizosphere. Future research on chemical, molecular, microbiological and physiological aspects is needed to improve understanding of how elevated CO2 might affect the use and acquisition of P by plants.
Handicap-Recover Evolution Leads to a Chemically Versatile, Nucleophile-Permissive Protease
Creators: name: Shafee, Thomas
name: P Gatti-Lafranconi
name: R Minter
name: F Hollfelder
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Mutation of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease nucleophile from cysteine to serine causes an approximately 104-fold loss in activity. Ten rounds of directed evolution of the mutant, TEVSer, overcame the detrimental effects of nucleophile exchange to recover near-wild-type activity in the mutant TEVSerX. Rather than respecialising TEV to the new nucleophile, all the enzymes along the evolutionary trajectory also retained the ability to use the original cysteine nucleophile. Therefore the adaptive evolution of TEVSer is paralleled by a neutral trajectory for TEVCys, in which mutations that increase serine nucleophile reactivity hardly affect the reactivity of cysteine. This apparent nucleophile permissiveness explains how nucleophile switches can occur in the phylogeny of the chymotrypsin-like protease PA superfamily. Despite the changed key component of their chemical mechanisms, the evolved variants TEVSerX and TEVCysX have similar activities; this could potentially facilitate escape from adaptive conflict to enable active-site evolution.
Antigonia combatia Berry & Rathjen 1959
Creators: name: Caires, Rodrigo Antunes
name: Figueiredo, José Lima de
name: Bernardes, Roberto Ávila
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Perciformes
Caproidae
Antigonia
Antigonia combatia

description: Antigonia combatia Berry & Rathjen, 1959
 (Fig. 5)
 Material examinado: MZUSP 89230, Ceará, Fortaleza, Banco Canopus, 120 milhas ao largo do litoral, 260 m de profundidade, viii.2005 (J. Coltro) (2 ex.; 60,4-73,0 mm).
 Descrição: D. IX.28; A. III.25; III.26; P. i.13; pélvica i.6; i.5, escamas da linha lateral 55; 58; séries transversais de escamas 61; 67; rastros branquiais 4+15 (1 ex.). Altura do corpo 78,8; 86,2% do CP, comprimento da cabeça 36,8; 40,2%, comprimento da base da 1ª nadadeira dorsal 22,1; 20,0%, base da segunda dorsal 37,6; 45,2%, e comprimento da nadadeira peitoral 34,8; 21,1% do comprimento padrão. Comprimento do focinho 29,1; 28,0% do comprimento da cabeça, diâmetro do olho 43,7; 43,7%, largura interorbital 28,8; 23,6%, e comprimento da maxila superior 25,8; 25,1% do comprimento da cabeça.
 Distribuição: entre 40°N (Parin, 2003) e a foz do Rio Amazonas (Berry & Rathjen, 1959), tendo sido recentemente assinalada na região central da costa brasileira (Costa et al., 2007). Os exemplares aqui encontrados representam registros adicionais dessa espécie na costa brasileira, indicando que a mesma ocorre até ao menos a costa do Ceará.
 Comentários: a identificação dessa espécie na costa sudeste do Brasil feita por Ribeiro (1961) possivelmente não é correta, uma vez que essa espécie nunca foi novamente encontrada na região onde, por outro lado, a outra espécie do gênero (Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843) é comum.
 Ordem Perciformes Família Serranidae
description: Published as part of Caires, Rodrigo Antunes, Figueiredo, José Lima de & Bernardes, Roberto Ávila, 2008, Registros novos e adicionais de Teleósteos Marinhos na Costa Brasileira, pp. 213-225 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 48 (19) on page 218, DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492008001900001, http://zenodo.org/record/13314307
Cooperation of the BTB-Zinc finger protein, Abrupt, with cytoskeletal regulators in Drosophila epithelial tumorigenesis
Creators: name: N Turkel
name: Portela-Esteban, Marta
name: C Poon
name: J Li
name: AM Brumby
name: Richardson, Helena
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. The deregulation of cell polarity or cytoskeletal regulators is a common occurrence in human epithelial cancers. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence in human epithelial cancer that BTB-ZF genes, such as Bcl6 and ZBTB7A, are oncogenic. From our previous studies in the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, we have identified a cooperative interaction between a mutation in the apico-basal cell polarity regulator Scribble (Scrib) and overexpression of the BTB-ZF protein Abrupt (Ab). Herein, we show that co-expression of ab with actin cytoskeletal regulators, RhoGEF2 or Src64B, in the developing eye-antennal epithelial tissue results in the formation of overgrown amorphous tumours, whereas ab and DRac1 co-expression leadsto non-cell autonomous overgrowth. Together with ab, these genes affect the expression of differentiation genes, resulting in tumours locked in a progenitor cell fate. Finally, we show that the expression of two mammalian genes related to ab, Bcl6 and ZBTB7A, which are oncogenes in mammalian epithelial cancers, significantly correlate with the upregulation of cytoskeletal genes or downregulation of apico-basal cell polarity neoplastic tumour suppressor genes in colorectal, lung and other human epithelial cancers. Altogether, this analysis has revealed that upregulation of cytoskeletal regulators cooperate with Abrupt in Drosophila epithelial tumorigenesis, and that high expression of human BTB-ZF genes, Bcl6 and ZBTB7A, shows significant correlations with cytoskeletal and cell polarity gene expression in specific epithelial tumour types. This highlights the need for further investigation of the cooperation between these genes in mammalian systems.
Pseudogramma gregoryi
Creators: name: Caires, Rodrigo Antunes
name: Figueiredo, José Lima de
name: Bernardes, Roberto Ávila
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Perciformes
Serranidae
Pseudogramma
Pseudogramma gregoryi

description: Pseudogramma gregoryi (Breder, 1927)
 (Fig. 7)
 Material examinado: MZUSP 89233, Ceará, Fortaleza, Banco Canopus, 120 milhas ao largo do litoral, 260 m de profundidade, viii.2005 (J. Coltro) (1 ex.; 32,9 mm).
 Descrição: D. VII.16; A. III.15; P. 14, 15; séries de escamas transversais 51. Altura do corpo 25,0% do comprimento padrão, comprimento da cabeça 38,2%, comprimento da peitoral 24,5% e comprimento da pélvica 16,4% do CP. Comprimento do focinho 18,0% do comprimento cefálico, diâmetro do olho 24,7%, largura interorbital 5,0% e comprimento da maxila superior 51,9% do comprimento da cabeça.
 Distribuição: espécie até então conhecida do sul da Flórida à Venezuela (Breder, 1927; Heemstra et al., 2003). O espécime aqui citado é o primeiro registro dessa espécie na costa brasileira.
 Família Sparidae
description: Published as part of Caires, Rodrigo Antunes, Figueiredo, José Lima de & Bernardes, Roberto Ávila, 2008, Registros novos e adicionais de Teleósteos Marinhos na Costa Brasileira, pp. 213-225 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 48 (19) on pages 219-220, DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492008001900001, http://zenodo.org/record/13314307
Elevated CO2 temporally enhances phosphorus immobilization in the rhizosphere of wheat and chickpea
Creators: name: Jin, Jian
name: Caixian Tang
name: Armstrong, Roger
name: C Butterly
name: Sale, Peter
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Aims: The efficient management of phosphorus (P) in cropping systems remains a challenge due to climate change. We tested how plant species access P pools in soils of varying P status (Olsen-P 3.2-17.6 mg kg-1), under elevated atmosphere CO2 (eCO2). Methods: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown in rhizo-boxes containing Vertosol or Calcarosol soil, with two contrasting P fertilizer histories for each soil, and exposed to ambient (380 ppm) or eCO2 (700 ppm) for 6 weeks. Results: The NaHCO3-extractable inorganic P (Pi) in the rhizosphere was depleted by both wheat and chickpea in all soils, but was not significantly affected by CO2 treatment. However, NaHCO3-extractable organic P (Po) accumulated, especially under eCO2 in soils with high P status. The NaOH-extractable Po under eCO2 accumulated only in the Vertosol with high P status. Crop species did not exhibit different eCO2-triggered capabilities to access any P pool in either soil, though wheat depleted NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi in the rhizosphere more than chickpea. Elevated CO2 increased microbial biomass C in the rhizosphere by an average of 21 %. Moreover, the size in Po fractions correlated with microbial C but not with rhizosphere pH or phosphatase activity. Conclusion: Elevated CO2 increased microbial biomass in the rhizosphere which in turn temporally immobilized P. This P immobilization was greater in soils with high than low P availability. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Phosphorus supply enhances the response of legumes to elevated CO 2 (FACE) in a phosphorus-deficient vertisol
Creators: name: Jin, Jian
name: Caixian Tang
name: Armstrong, Roger
name: Sale, Peter
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background & aims: Understanding the mechanism of how phosphorus (P) regulates the response of legumes to elevated CO 2 (eCO 2) is important for developing P management strategies to cope with increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration. This study aimed to explore this mechanism by investigating interactive effects of CO 2 and P supply on root morphology, nodulation and soil P fractions in the rhizosphere. Methods: A column experiment was conducted under ambient (350 ppm) (aCO 2) and eCO 2 (550 ppm) in a free air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) system. Chickpea and field pea were grown in a P-deficient Vertisol with P addition of 0-16 mg P kg -1. Results: Increasing P supply increased plant growth and total P uptake with the increase being greater under eCO 2 than under aCO 2. Elevated CO 2 increased root biomass and length, on average, by 16 % and 14 %, respectively. Nodule biomass increased by 46 % in response to eCO 2 at 16 mg P kg -1, but was not affected by eCO 2 at no P supply. Total P uptake was correlated with root length while N uptake correlated with nodule number and biomass regardless of CO 2 level. Elevated CO 2 increased the NaOH-extractable organic P by 92 % when 16 mg P kg -1 was applied. Conclusion: The increase in P and N uptake and nodule number under eCO 2 resulted from the increased biomass production, rather than from changes in specific root-absorbing capability or specific nodule function. Elevated CO 2 appears to enhance P immobilization in the rhizosphere. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20954015 - Supplemental material for Impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity in response to hypercapnic challenge in a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Lynch, Cillian E
name: Eisenbaum, Maxwell
name: Algamal, Moustafa
name: Balbi, Matilde
name: Ferguson, Scott
name: Benoit Mouzon
name: Saltiel, Nicole
name: Ojo, Joseph
name: Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon
name: Mullan, Mike
name: Crawford, Fiona
name: Bachmeier, Corbin
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: Medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20954015 for Impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity in response to hypercapnic challenge in a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury by Cillian E Lynch, Maxwell Eisenbaum, Moustafa Algamal, Matilde Balbi, Scott Ferguson, Benoit Mouzon, Nicole Saltiel, Joseph Ojo, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Mike Mullan, Fiona Crawford and Corbin Bachmeier in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_1747493020961926 - Supplemental material for A randomized control trial of intensive aphasia therapy after acute stroke: The Very Early Rehabilitation for SpEech (VERSE) study
Creators: name: Godecke, Erin
name: Armstrong, Elizabeth
name: Rai, Tapan
name: Ciccone, Natalie
name: Rose, Miranda L
name: Middleton, Sandy
name: Whitworth, Anne
name: Holland, Audrey
name: Ellery, Fiona
name: Hankey, Graeme J
name: Cadilhac, Dominique A
name: Bernhardt, Julie
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: Medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_1747493020961926 for A randomized control trial of intensive aphasia therapy after acute stroke: The Very Early Rehabilitation for SpEech (VERSE) study by Erin Godecke, Elizabeth Armstrong, Tapan Rai, Natalie Ciccone, Miranda L Rose, Sandy Middleton, Anne Whitworth, Audrey Holland, Fiona Ellery, Graeme J Hankey, Dominique A Cadilhac, Julie Bernhardt and on behalf of the VERSE Collaborative Group in International Journal of Stroke
Author_Response_2 – Supplemental material for Effect of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula on reintubation in elderly patients: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study
Creators: name: Ryoung-Eun Ko
name: Park, Chul
name: Jimyoung Nam
name: Ko, Myeong Gyun
name: Na, Soo Jin
name: Ahn, Joong Hyun
name: Keumhee C. Carriere
name: Kyeongman Jeon
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, Author_Response_2 for Effect of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula on reintubation in elderly patients: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study by Ryoung-Eun Ko, Chul Park, Jimyoung Nam, Myeong Gyun Ko, Soo Jin Na, Joong Hyun Ahn, Keumhee C. Carriere and Kyeongman Jeon in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
Effectiveness of scalpel debridement for painful plantar calluses in older people: A randomized trial
Creators: name: Landorf, Karl
name: A Morrow
name: MJ Spink
name: CL Nash
name: A Novak
name: J Potter
name: Menz, Hylton
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background: Plantar calluses are a common cause of foot pain, which can have a detrimental impact on the mobility and independence of older people. Scalpel debridement is often the first treatment used for this condition. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of scalpel debridement of painful plantar calluses in older people.Methods: This study was a parallel-group, participant- and assessor-blinded randomized trial. Eighty participants aged 65 years and older with painful forefoot plantar calluses were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups: either real or sham scalpel debridement. Participants were followed for six weeks after their initial intervention appointment. The primary outcomes measured were the difference between groups in pain (measured on a 100-mm visual analogue scale) immediately post-intervention, and at one, three and six weeks post-intervention.Results: Both the real debridement and sham debridement groups experienced a reduction in pain when compared with baseline. Small, systematic between-group differences in pain scores were found at each time point (between 2 and 7 mm favoring real scalpel debridement); however, none of these were statistically significant and none reached a level that could be considered clinically worthwhile. Scalpel debridement caused no adverse events.Conclusions: The benefits of real scalpel debridement for reducing pain associated with forefoot plantar calluses in older people are small and not statistically significant compared with sham scalpel debridement. When used alone, scalpel debridement has a limited effect in the short term, although it is relatively inexpensive and causes few complications. However, these findings do not preclude the possibility of cumulative benefits over a longer time period or additive effects when combined with other interventions. © 2013 Landorf et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.