cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chemical Compositions of Red Giant Stars in the Old Open Cluster NGC 7789
Creators: name: Nagarajan, Neel
name: Sneden, Christopher
name: Afsar, Melike
name: Pilachowski, Catherine A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have gathered optical-region spectra, derived model atmosphere parameters, and computed elemental abundances for 15 red giant stars in the open cluster NGC 7789. We focus on the light element group CNOLi that provides clues to evolutionary changes associated with internal fusion events and chemical mixing. We confirm and extend an early report that NGC 7789 stars 193 and 301 have anomalously large Li abundances, and that these values are apparently unconnected to any other elements' abundances in these stars. A companion study of He I lambda 10830 lines in both field stars and cluster members shows that star 301 has a strong He feature while star 193 does not. Possible explanations for the large Li abundances of these stars include helium flash-induced mixing events and binary interactions at some past or present times. In either case an internal eruption of energy could cause fresh synthesis of lithium via the Cameron-Fowler Beryllium transport mechanism. Rapid transport of lithium to the outer layers may have created significant chromospheric transient disturbances, producing enough helium ionization to allow for the strong lambda 10830 absorption in star 301.
description: AJ, in press
Dalla lingua orale alla lingua scritta: il giornale Makhuwa Wòniherya, Mozambico
Creators: name: Bussotti, Luca
name: Nhaueleque, Laura António
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: Una delle principali sfide delle lingue africane locali è, oggi, la loro transizione dal dominio dell’oralità a quello della scrittura. In Mozambico, nella cultura Emakhuwa, sono state intraprese diverse iniziative recenti in questo senso. La più significativa è costituita dal giornale online Wòniherya. Utilizzando una prospettiva sia storica che sociologica, lo studio qui presentato si propone di fare un'analisi della nascita, degli obiettivi e dei contenuti di questa nuova testata, la prima in una lingua nazionale realizzata in Mozambico. La metodologia adottata è stata l'analisi del discorso tesa a identificare la linea editoriale del giornale. Due interviste ai fondatori e coordinatori dell’iniziativa, padre Cantífula de Castro e padre Bonifácio Raça, hanno aiutato a completare il quadro analitico.
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
The role of turbulence, magnetic fields and feedback for star formation
Creators: name: Federrath, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation is inefficient. Only a few percent of the available gas in molecular clouds forms stars, leading to the observed low star formation rate (SFR). The same holds when averaged over many molecular clouds, such that the SFR of whole galaxies is again surprisingly low. Indeed, considering the low temperatures, molecular clouds should be highly gravitationally unstable and collapse on their global mean freefall timescale. And yet, they are observed to live about 10-100 times longer, i.e., the SFR per freefall time is only a few percent. Thus, other physical mechanisms must provide support against quick global collapse. Magnetic fields, turbulence and stellar feedback have been proposed as stabilising agents controlling star formation, but it is still unclear which of these processes is the most important and what their relative contributions are. Here I present high-resolution, adaptive-mesh-refinement simulations of star cluster formation that include turbulence, magnetic fields, and protostellar jet/outflow feedback. These simulations produce nearly realistic star formation rates consistent with observations, but only if turbulence, magnetic fields and feedback are included simultaneously.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows: ASTRONUM-2015
Sui sentieri di un’antica colonia greca
Creators: name: Di Franco, Marcella
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: Francavilla di Sicilia vanta origini molto remote, risalenti ad un originario insediamento greco, testimoniato dal ritrovamento di numerosi reperti archeologici venuti alla luce dalla campagna di scavi effettuata sul suo territorio a partire dal 1979. La maggior parte dei reperti è attualmente custodita nel Museo Archeologico Regionale di Siracusa. Datati tra il IV-V secolo a.C., attestano la presenza inequivocabile dei Calcidesi di Naxos nella Valle dell’Alcantara. La nascita del centro greco è legata alla presenza dei Calcidesi migrati verso l’entroterra dalla vicina Naxos, prima colonia greca in Sicilia. Francavilla in Sicily boasts very remote origins, dating back to an original Greek settlement, evidenced by the discovery of numerous archaeological finds that came to light from the campaign of excavations carried out on its territory since 1979. Most of the finds are currently kept in the Regional Archaeological Museum of Syracuse. Dated between the IV-V century B.C., they demonstrate the unequivocal presence of the Chalcidesi of Naxos in the Alcantara River Valley. The birth of the Greek center is linked to the allocation of the CalcidesI migrated towards the hinterland from nearby Naxos, the first Greek colony in Sicily.
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
Observing atmospheric escape in sub-Jovian worlds with JWST
Creators: name: Santos, Leonardo A. Dos
name: Alam, Munazza K.
name: Espinoza, Néstor
name: Vissapragada, Shreyas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamic atmospheric escape is considered an important process that shapes the evolution of sub-Jovian exoplanets, particularly those with short orbital periods. The metastable He line in the near-infrared at $1.083$ $μ$m is a reliable tracer of atmospheric escape in hot exoplanets, with the advantage of being observable from the ground. However, observing escaping He in sub-Jovian planets has remained challenging due to the systematic effects and telluric contamination present in ground-based data. With the successful launch and operations of JWST, we now have access to extremely stable high-precision near-infrared spectrographs in space. Here we predict the observability of metastable He with JWST in two representative and previously well-studied warm Neptunes, GJ 436 b ($T_{\rm eq} = 687~{\rm K}$, $R_{\rm p} = 0.37~{\rm R_J}$) and GJ 1214 b ($T_{\rm eq} = 588~{\rm K}$, $R_{\rm p} = 0.25~{\rm R_J}$). Our simulated JWST observations for GJ 436 b demonstrate that a single transit with NIRSpec/G140H is sensitive to mass loss rates that are two orders of magnitude lower than what is detectable from the ground. Our exercise for GJ 1214 b show that the best configuration to observe the relatively weak outflows of warm Neptunes with JWST is with NIRSpec/G140H, and that NIRSpec/G140M and NIRISS/SOSS are less optimal. Since none of these instrument configurations can spectrally resolve the planetary absorption, we conclude that the 1D isothermal Parker-wind approximation may not be sufficient for interpreting such observations. More sophisticated models are critical for breaking the degeneracy between outflow temperature and mass-loss rate for JWST measurements of metastable He.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, under review at AAS Journals; this version follows the first round of revision. Feedback from the community is welcome
L’esilio “europeo” di Gaetano Salvemini 1925-1933
Creators: name: Fedele, Santi
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: Salvemini per sfuggire alla persecuzione fascista va in esilio nel 1925 e ritornerà in Italia solo nel 1947. Questo più che ventennale esilio può essere agevolmente suddiviso in due periodi: quello “europeo” che, seppure intervallato dai viaggi negli Stati Uniti di cui si dirà, si sviluppa prevalentemente tra Londra e Parigi nell’arco cronologico compreso tra il 1925 e il 1933; quello “americano” che prende l’avvio nel 1934 con la chiamata dello storico pugliese ad Harvard e che durerà sino al rientro in Italia. Tratteremo in questo saggio del periodo “europeo” con uno “sforamento” cronologico al 1935 per ricomprendere un momento dell’esperienza salveminiana d’esilio, tanto significativo quanto in genere poco ricordato, che si produce a Parigi nel 1935: la partecipazione al Congresso internazionale degli scrittori per la difesa della cultura.
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
Low-rank covariance matrix estimation for factor analysis in anisotropic noise: application to array processing and portfolio selection
Creators: name: Stoica, Petre
name: Babu, Prabhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Factor analysis (FA) or principal component analysis (PCA) models the covariance matrix of the observed data as R = SS' + Σ, where SS' is the low-rank covariance matrix of the factors (aka latent variables) and Σ is the diagonal matrix of the noise. When the noise is anisotropic (aka nonuniform in the signal processing literature and heteroscedastic in the statistical literature), the diagonal elements of Σ cannot be assumed to be identical and they must be estimated jointly with the elements of SS'. The problem of estimating SS' and Σ in the above covariance model is the central theme of the present paper. After stating this problem in a more formal way, we review the main existing algorithms for solving it. We then go on to show that these algorithms have reliability issues (such as lack of convergence or convergence to infeasible solutions) and therefore they may not be the best possible choice for practical applications. Next we explain how to modify one of these algorithms to improve its convergence properties and we also introduce a new method that we call FAAN (Factor Analysis for Anisotropic Noise). FAAN is a coordinate descent algorithm that iteratively maximizes the normal likelihood function, which is easy to implement in a numerically efficient manner and has excellent convergence properties as illustrated by the numerical examples presented in the paper. Out of the many possible applications of FAAN we focus on the following two: direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using array signal processing techniques and portfolio selection for financial asset management.
La creazione del villaggio siderurgico di Mongiana. I segni del lavoro
Creators: name: Fiorenza, Elia
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: l presento studio analizza la fondazione del villaggio siderurgico di Mongiana evidenziando le tracce tangibili dell'impegno lavorativo. Situato nel cuore delle Serre Calabre, costituisce un rilevante esempio di insediamento minerario-siderurgico dell'Ottocento. Costruito nel 1771 come risultato della necessità pratica di trasferire gli impianti di lavorazione da Stilo, il villaggio cresceva nel corso degli anni e offriva alloggio, istruzione, assistenza sanitaria e intrattenimento ai lavoratori. Gli imprenditori svolgevano un ruolo centrale nell'organizzazione delle fabbriche e nella vita dei lavoratori, cercando di migliorare le loro condizioni. L’elaborato si propone di analizzare e ricostruire la fondazione del villaggio siderurgico di Mongiana durante il primo periodo borbonico, compreso tra il 1734 e il 1799. Utilizzando fonti di archivio pertinenti, verrà approfondito lo sviluppo delle Ferriere nel decennio francese, ovvero nel periodo compreso tra il 1806 e il 1815. Inoltre, verrà visualizzato il secondo periodo borbonico, che va dal 1815 al 1860, al fine di comprendere ulteriormente l'evoluzione e l'impatto delle attività siderurgiche in quel contesto temporale. L'analisi accurata di queste fonti storiche consentirà di gettare luce sulle circostanze storiche, i fattori socioeconomici e le decisioni politiche che hanno influenzato la creazione e la crescita del villaggio di Mongiana come centro siderurgico minerario.
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
L’Affondamento del Santamarina
Creators: name: La Greca, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: l 9 maggio 1943 un boato sconvolge le Eolie, al largo di Vulcano viene affondato, da un sottomarino inglese, il piroscafo «Santamarina». Prima di quel giorno la nave Eoliana era stata risparmiata o semplicemente era stata fortunata, nonostante i numerosi attacchi nel quadrante di mare compreso tra Capo D’Orlando, Capo Milazzo, Capo Rasocolmo e le acque delle Isole Eolie – tra il 1941 ed il 1943 – dalle diverse unità sottomarine britanniche. Per decenni non è stato possibile conoscere tutti i protagonisti della vicenda; soltanto nelle ultime due decadi si è riusciti ad approfondirli
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
Media representation of migration between pseudo-truth and privacy: journalistic narratives in Italy
Creators: name: Pira, Francesco
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: The article investigates the relationship between media, social networks and migration phenomena in Italy starting from the most controversial case in the last years of chronicle of waves of immigration on the coasts of southern Europe. I refer to the controversial publication of the photo of the Syrian child, Aylan Kurdi published the 2nd of September 2015. That image of lifeless baby, which ended up on the front pages of newspapers around the world, and that is now a faded memory, opened the discussion on the ethical obligations enshrined in the Charter of Treviso (protection of Childs in journalistic activity) and the Charter of Rome (deontological rules in migration correct information), both signed by Italian journalists. After quite ten years the migration narrative remains anchored to the same anxiogenic tone of a permanent emergency, so people's perception of the phenomenon continues to generate fear, racist hatred. The data of the yearly Italian and EU reports on migration representation through the media show that we assist to a deep -rooted perception based on the distortion of reality that marks the victory of the algorithm and reiterates the strong penetration of the disinformation system.
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
Holographic realization of constant roll inflation and dark energy: An unified scenario
Creators: name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
name: Odintsov, Sergei D.
name: Paul, Tanmoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on generalized holographic formalism, we establish a holographic realization of constant roll inflation during the early universe, where the corresponding cut-off depends on the Hubble parameter and its derivatives (up to the second order). The viability of this holographic constant roll inflation with respect to the Planck data in turn puts a certain bound on the infrared cut-off at the time of horizon crossing. Such holographic correspondence of constant roll inflation is extended to the scenario where the infrared cut-off is corrected by the ultraviolet one, which may originate due to quantum effects. Besides the mere inflation, we further propose the holographic realization of an $unified$ cosmic scenario from constant roll inflation (at the early time) to the dark energy era (at the late time) with an intermediate radiation dominated era followed by a Kamionkowski like reheating stage. In such a unified holographic scenario, the inflationary quantities (like the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio) and the dark energy quantities (like the dark energy EoS parameter and the present Hubble rate) prove to be simultaneously compatible with observable constraints for suitable ranges of the infrared cut-off and the other model parameters. Moreover the curvature perturbations at super-Hubble scale prove to be a constant (with time) during the entire cosmic era, which in turn ensures the stability of the model under consideration.
description: PLB Accepted
Una scuola di amanuensi nel monastero calabro-greco di San Giovanni “il Mietitore”
Creators: name: Covelli, Francesco
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: L’eremitismo calabrese si sviluppò lentamente, dalla grotta passò alla laura e da questa al monastero ed al cenobio. Il monastero, per essere tale, presupponeva un certo numero di monaci che potessero vivere anche in grotte separate con a capo una guida ed aventi una chiesa in cui tutti potessero raccogliersi per l’ufficio e la liturgia. Il cenobio invece richiedeva un impianto più avanzato, con una vita veramente in comune, un refettorio, un dormitorio, i beni, gli strumenti, gli indumenti in comune, come già contemplato dalla legislazione giustinianea
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
La massoneria nel parlamento fascista: le fonti archivistiche
Creators: name: Fragale, Luca Irwin
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: «The research here conducted circumscribes a precise reference time frame of particular importance, i.e. from the march on Rome to the promulgation of the law that banned associations: what we examin in this three-year period is the presence of those parliamentarians who were also affiliated with Freemasonry (since with November 1925, the opportunity to evaluate the Masonic-parliamentary action during fascism ceased). We therefore started from a preliminary intervention of a strictly archival nature, i.e. the cross-examination between the lists of names of parliamentarians in office during the said three-year period and those of members of Freemasonry for the same period. This article explains exactly what these archives are and what they contain»
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
Recensione a: Antonino Teramo, Una periferia del moderno. Vescovi e secolarizzazione in Sicilia: le conferenze episcopali regionali (1891 - 1920) Il Grano Edizioni, 2021
Creators: name: Pantano, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Humanities
Year: 2023

description: A cavaliere tra Ottocento e Novecento anche in Sicilia procedeva a grandi passi quel fenomeno di progressiva divaricazione tra la sfera religiosa e la sfera socio-politica e culturale storicamente definito come secolarizzazione. Un processo che rappresenta uno degli aspetti più peculiari del passaggio dalla modernità alla contemporaneità e che, anche in un contesto storico e sociale come quello siciliano, apparentemente segnato da una tendenza alla conservazione delle sue strutture, ebbe evidenti risvolti. Il recente volume di Antonino Teramo dal titolo Una periferia del moderno: vescovi e secolarizzazione in Sicilia, getta nuova luce su questo fenomeno avendo come punto di riferimento documentale gli atti delle Conferenze episcopali isolane in un arco cronologico che va dal 1891 al 1920. La Chiesa siciliana, attraverso il ruolo di guida dei suoi vescovi, diventa per l’autore un angolo visuale dal quale rileggere e reinterpretare il fenomeno complessivo di reazione maturato dall’istituzione ecclesiastica di fronte alle notevoli innovazioni sorte in seno a quella che sarebbe divenuta la società di massa.
description: Humanities, V. 12, N. 1 (2023)
title: Smart Health Posts
Creators: name: Trinca, Elian-Cornel
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Gesundheitswesen
subject: Ghana
subject: Health Post
subject: Health System
subject: Ghana
subject: Health Post

description: In vielen Ländern ist der Zugang zu einer qualitativ hochwertigen Gesundheitsversorgung nach wie vor ein akutes Problem. Entwicklungsländer und vor allem deren ländliche Bevölkerung sind am stärksten davon betroffen. Die Hauptursache ist der Mangel an medizinischem Personal, wodurch mehr als die Hälfte der Bevölkerung weltweit, vom öffentlichen Gesundheitssystem ausgeschlossen ist.Aufgrund eines fehlende Zugangs zu kritischen Infrastrukturen wie Gesundheitseinrichtungen, Straßen und Elektrizität, wird dieses Problem zusätzlich verschärft. Das zentrale Thema dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit der signifikanten Verbesserung der Gesundheitsversorgung im ländlichen Raum. Kleine unabhängige Gesundheitseinrichtungen – Smart Health Posts – dienen als physische Anlaufstelle und bilden den »ersten Kontakt« mit dem Gesundheitssystem. Entsprechend der medizinischen Anforderungen, bilden sie flexible, skalierbare und modular erweiterbare Typologien und umfassen eine Kombination aus qualifiziertem Personal sowie telemedizinischer Technologie, wodurch eine einzigartige Effektivität in der medizinischen Versorgung gesichert werden soll.
description: Access to high-quality healthcare remains a critical and urgent issue in numerous countries around the world, particularly in developing nations and their rural populations. The lack of medical personnel leads to a disproportionate exclusion of over half the global population from the benefits of a functioning public healthcare system.Moreover, in addition to the lack of medical personnel, the challenge is further aggrava-ted by limited access to critical infrastructure, including healthcare facilities, roads, and reliable electricity supply. his study focuses on a significant enhance-ment of healthcare in rural areas through the implementation of small autonomous health-care facilities known as Smart Health Posts. These facilities serve as independent points of care and are acting as the »first contact« for individuals in rural areas with the public healthcare system. They are designed to meet the unique medical requirements, offering fle-xible, scalable, and expandable typologies. A key aspect is the combination of qualified personnel and telemedicine technology to enable the delivery of medical care with a distinct level of effectiveness.
A direct derivation of the Gent-McWilliams/Redi diffusion tensor from quasi-geostrophic dynamics
Creators: name: Meunier, Julie
name: Miquel, Benjamin
name: Gallet, Basile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport induced by ocean mesoscale eddies remains unresolved in most state-of-the-art climate models and needs to be parameterized instead. The natural scale separation between the forcing and the emergent turbulent flow calls for a diffusive parameterization, where the eddy-induced fluxes are related to the large-scale gradients by a diffusion tensor. The standard parameterization scheme in climate modeling consists in adopting the Gent-McWilliams/Redi (GM/R) form for the diffusion tensor, initially put forward based on physical intuition and educated guesses before being put on firm analytical footing using thickness-weighted average (TWA). In the present contribution we provide a direct derivation of this diffusion tensor from the quasi-geostrophic (QG) dynamics of a horizontally homogeneous three-dimensional patch of ocean hosting a large-scale vertically-sheared zonal flow on the beta plane. While less general than the TWA approach, the present QG framework leads to rigorous constraints on the diffusion tensor. First, there is no diapycnal diffusivity arising in the QG GM/R tensor for low viscosity and small-scale diffusivities. The diffusion tensor then involves only two vertically dependent coefficients, namely the GM transport coefficient $K_{GM}(z)$ and the Redi diffusivity $K_R(z)$. Secondly, as already identified by previous authors the vertical structures of the two coefficients are related by the so-called Taylor-Bretherton relation. Finally, while the two coefficients generically differ in the interior of the water column, we show that they are equal to one another near the surface and near the bottom of the domain for low-enough dissipative coefficients. We illustrate these findings by numerically simulating the QG dynamics of a horizontally homogeneous patch of ocean hosting a vertically sheared zonal current resembling the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
A Comparison of Stellar Elemental Abundance Techniques and Measurements
Creators: name: Hinkel, Natalie R.
name: Young, Patrick A.
name: Pagano, Michael D.
name: Desch, Steven J.
name: Anbar, Ariel D.
name: Adibekyan, Vardan
name: Blanco-Cuaresma, Sergi
name: Carlberg, Joleen K.
name: Mena, Elisa Delgado
name: Liu, Fan
name: Nordlander, Thomas
name: Sousa, Sergio G.
name: Korn, Andreas
name: Gruyters, Pieter
name: Heiter, Ulrike
name: Jofre, Paula
name: Santos, Nuno C.
name: Soubiran, Caroline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar elemental abundances are important for understanding the fundamental properties of a star or stellar group, such as age and evolutionary history, as well as the composition of an orbiting planet. However, as abundance measurement techniques have progressed, there has been little standardization between individual methods and their comparisons. As a result, different stellar abundance procedures determine measurements that vary beyond quoted error for the same elements within the same stars (Hinkel et al. 2014). The purpose of this paper is to better understand the systematic variations between methods and offer recommendations for producing more accurate results in the future. We have invited a number of participants from around the world (Australia, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and USA) to calculate ten element abundances (C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Fe, Ni, Ba, and Eu) using the same stellar spectra for four stars (HD361, HD10700, HD121504, HD202206). Each group produced measurements for each of the stars using: 1) their own autonomous techniques, 2) standardized stellar parameters, 3) standardized line list, and 4) both standardized parameters and line list. We present the resulting stellar parameters, absolute abundances, and a metric of data similarity that quantifies homogeneity of the data. We conclude that standardization of some kind, particularly stellar parameters, improves the consistency between methods. However, because results did not converge as more free parameters were standardized, it is clear there are inherent issues within the techniques that need to be reconciled. Therefore, we encourage more conversation and transparency within the community such that stellar abundance determinations can be reproducible as well as accurate and precise.
description: 86 pages, 5 figures, 24 tables, accepted to Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Novel charged black hole solutions of Born-Infeld type: General properties, Smarr formula and Quasinormal frequencies
Creators: name: Balart, L.
name: Belmar-Herrera, S.
name: Panotopoulos, G.
name: Rincón, Á.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate two novel models of charged black holes in the framework of non-linear electrodynamics of Born-Infeld type. In particular, starting from two concrete Lagrangian densities, the corresponding metric potentials, the electric field, the Smarr formula and finally, the (scalar) quasinormal modes are computed for each model. Our findings show that although the models look very similar, their quasinormal spectra are characterized by certain differences.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, to be published in Annals of Physics
Atorvastatin and gemfibrozil alter zebrafish behavior
Creators: name: Al-Ghafri, Zeyana
name: Al-Habsi, Aziz A.
name: Barry, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: The pharmaceuticals atorvastatin and gemfibrozil are prescribed for the treatment of high blood cholesterol. Atorvastatin has been detected in surface waters at a concentrations of 250 ng/L while gemfibrozil at 0.5 μg/L. We tested the effects of atorvastatin and gemfibrozil individually and in combination on the swimming behavior and response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a conspecific alarm cue. We also measured whole-body cortisol and the effect of the alarm on metabolic rate. Fish exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.075 and 7.5 μg/L atorvastatin showed exaggerated responses to the alarm. In contrast, a high gemfibrozil concentration (nominal: 250 μg/L) alone and in combination with atorvastatin inhibited the alarm response suggesting an antagonistic effect. Neither drug affected total cortisol. After exposure to the alarm chemical the metabolic rate of control fish increased, but all other treatments decreased. This study shows that these drugs can effect behaviour at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Effects of severe hypoxia and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) knock-down on its gene expression, activity, subcellular localization, and apoptosis in gills of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei
Creators: name: Camacho-Jiménez, Laura
name: Peregrino-Uriarte, Alma B.
name: Leyva-Carrillo, Lilia
name: Gómez-Jiménez, Silvia
name: Thies, Angus B.
name: Tresguerres, Martin
name: Yepiz-Plascencia, Gloria
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Penaeus vannamei, experiences hypoxia in its natural habitat and in aquaculture. Under hypoxia, cells enhance anaerobic energy production through glycolysis dependent on the up-regulation of glycolytic enzymes including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in gills. In vertebrates, GAPDH translocates into the nucleus and displays “moonlighting” functions including apoptosis. These alternative localizations and functions have not been described in crustaceans. We examined the effect of severe hypoxia and GAPDH silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) on its mRNA expression localization and glycolytic activity in P. vannamei gills. Expression and cytosolic activity were up-regulated only in hypoxia-exposed shrimp, but not in hypoxia-silenced specimens. GAPDH was immunodetected in cytosol and nucleus regardless of oxygen conditions. Hypoxia and RNAi decreased activity in cytosol and nucleus without affecting protein abundance, which suggests that nuclear GAPDH may have non-glycolytic functions. Moreover, Caspase-3 (Casp-3) expression increased with GAPDH silencing, suggesting alternative roles for GAPDH in apoptosis evasion.
i4mC-GRU: Identifying DNA N4-Methylcytosine sites in mouse genomes using bidirectional gated recurrent unit and sequence-embedded features
Creators: name: Nguyen-Vo, TH
name: Trinh, QH
name: Nguyen, Hoang
name: Nguyen-Hoang, PU
name: Rahardja, S
name: Nguyen, Binh
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4601
subject: Applied computing
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology
classificationCode: 4903
subject: Numerical and computational mathematics
classificationCode: 3102
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology
classificationCode: 4613
subject: Theory of computation
classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: N4-methylcytosine (4mC) is one of the most common DNA methylation modifications found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Since the 4mC has various essential biological roles, determining its location helps reveal unexplored physiological and pathological pathways. In this study, we propose an effective computational method called i4mC-GRU using a gated recurrent unit and duplet sequence-embedded features to predict potential 4mC sites in mouse (Mus musculus) genomes. To fairly assess the performance of the model, we compared our method with several state-of-the-art methods using two different benchmark datasets. Our results showed that i4mC-GRU achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.97 and 0.89 and area under the precision-recall curve values of 0.98 and 0.90 on the first and second benchmark datasets, respectively. Briefly, our method outperformed existing methods in predicting 4mC sites in mouse genomes. Also, we deployed i4mC-GRU as an online web server, supporting users in genomics studies.
About the isocurvature tension between axion and high scale inflationary models
Creators: name: Estevez, Mariel
name: Santillán, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work suggests that the isocurvature tension between axion and high energy inflationary scenarios may be avoided by considering a double field inflationary model involving the hidden Peccei-Quinn Higgs and the Standard Model one. Some terms in the lagrangian we propose explicitly violate the Peccei-Quinn symmetry but, at the present era, their effect is completely negligible. The resulting mechanism allows a large value for the axion constant, of the order $f_a\sim M_p$, thus the axion isocurvature fluctuations are suppressed even when the scale of inflation $H_{inf}$ is very high, of the order of $H_{inf}\sim M_{gut}$. This numerical value is typical in Higgs inflationary models. An analysis about topological defect formation in this scenario is also performed, and it is suggested that, under certain assumptions, their effect is not catastrophic from the cosmological point of view.
Galaxy Morphology Classification Using Multi-Scale Convolution Capsule Network
Creators: name: Li, Guangping
name: Xu, Tingting
name: Li, Liping
name: Gao, Xianjun
name: Liu, Zhijing
name: Cao, Jie
name: Yang, Mingcun
name: Zhou, Weihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classification of galaxy morphology is a hot issue in astronomical research. Although significant progress has been made in the last decade in classifying galaxy morphology using deep learning technology, there are still some deficiencies in spatial feature representation and classification accuracy. In this study, we present a multi-scale convolutional capsule network (MSCCN) model for the classification of galaxy morphology. First, this model improves the convolutional layers through using a multi-branch structure to extract multi-scale hidden features of galaxy images. In order to further explore the hidden information in the features, the multi-scale features are encapsulated and fed into the capsule layer. Second, we use a sigmoid function to replace the softmax function in dynamic routing, which can enhance the robustness of MSCCN. Finally, the classification model achieving 97% accuracy, 96% precision, 98% recall, and 97% F1-score under macroscopic averaging. In addition, a more comprehensive model evaluation were accomplished in this study. We visualized the morphological features for the part of sample set, which using the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm. The results shows that the model has the better generalization ability and robustness, it can be effectively used in the galaxy morphological classification.
iPromoter-Seqvec: identifying promoters using bidirectional long short-term memory and sequence-embedded features
Creators: name: Nguyen-Vo, TH
name: Trinh, QH
name: Nguyen, Hoang
name: Nguyen-Hoang, PU
name: Rahardja, S
name: Nguyen, Binh
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3102
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology
classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: Background: Promoters, non-coding DNA sequences located at upstream regions of the transcription start site of genes/gene clusters, are essential regulatory elements for the initiation and regulation of transcriptional processes. Furthermore, identifying promoters in DNA sequences and genomes significantly contributes to discovering entire structures of genes of interest. Therefore, exploration of promoter regions is one of the most imperative topics in molecular genetics and biology. Besides experimental techniques, computational methods have been developed to predict promoters. In this study, we propose iPromoter-Seqvec – an efficient computational model to predict TATA and non-TATA promoters in human and mouse genomes using bidirectional long short-term memory neural networks in combination with sequence-embedded features extracted from input sequences. The promoter and non-promoter sequences were retrieved from the Eukaryotic Promoter database and then were refined to create four benchmark datasets. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) were used as two key metrics to evaluate model performance. Results on independent test sets showed that iPromoter-Seqvec outperformed other state-of-the-art methods with AUCROC values ranging from 0.85 to 0.99 and AUCPR values ranging from 0.86 to 0.99. Models predicting TATA promoters in both species had slightly higher predictive power compared to those predicting non-TATA promoters. With a novel idea of constructing artificial non-promoter sequences based on promoter sequences, our models were able to learn highly specific characteristics discriminating promoters from non-promoters to improve predictive efficiency. Conclusions: iPromoter-Seqvec is a stable and robust model for predicting both TATA and non-TATA promoters in human and mouse genomes. Our proposed method was also deployed as an online web server with a user-friendly interface to support research communities. Links to our source codes and web server are available at https://github.com/mldlproject/2022-iPromoter-Seqvec.
Direct Determination of Fission-Barrier Heights Using Light-Ion Transfer in Inverse Kinematics
Creators: name: Bennett, S. A.
name: Garett, K.
name: Sharp, D. K.
name: Freeman, S. J.
name: Smith, A. G.
name: Wright, T. J.
name: Kay, B. P.
name: Tang, T. L.
name: Tolstukhin, I. A.
name: Ayyad, Y.
name: Chen, J.
name: Davies, P. J.
name: Dolan, A.
name: Gaffney, L. P.
name: Heinz, A.
name: Hoffman, C. R.
name: Müller-Gatermann, C.
name: Page, R. D.
name: Wilson, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a new technique for obtaining fission data for nuclei away from $β$-stability. These types of data are pertinent to the astrophysical \textit{r-}process, crucial to a complete understanding of the origin of the heavy elements, and for developing a predictive model of fission. These data are also important considerations for terrestrial applications related to power generation and safeguarding. Experimentally, such data are scarce due to the difficulties in producing the actinide targets of interest. The solenoidal-spectrometer technique, commonly used to study nucleon-transfer reactions in inverse kinematics, has been applied to the case of transfer-induced fission as a means to deduce the fission-barrier height, among other variables. The fission-barrier height of $^{239}$U has been determined via the $^{238}$U($d$,$pf$) reaction in inverse kinematics, the results of which are consistent with existing neutron-induced fission data indicating the validity of the technique.
VR Controlled Remote Robotic Teleoperation for Construction Applications
Creators: name: Chan, Caleb
name: Pelosi, Antony
name: Brown, Andre
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023

description: The research in this paper addresses the challenges that had to be overcome to create a functioning VR controlled robotic device. We consider what the communication and control systems are needed to deliver such a robotic device. We also ask if teleoperation of a robot using VR provide can provide a sufficiently accurate and responsive means of delivering site construction operations. The resulting aspects that we report on in the paper are the communication issues to be addressed, accuracy and dexterity issues in simulated construction situations, and practical issues such as reducing lag between a VR action and robot reaction.
Paternal help in larval release of three mudskipper species
Creators: name: Rupp, Hans-Georg
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: After the discovery of aerial embryonic incubation in mudskippers, it was found that the male induces larval hatching by removing the air from the egg-chamber so that the eggs immerse in water. Do the adults provide additional support to the newly hatched larvae to help them leave the life-endangering hypoxic water inside the burrow? This paper compares 18 hatching events of 3 species: dusky gilled mudskipper, Pearse´s mudskipper and slender mudskipper. After air removal 3 different burrow-shape dependent strategies of paternal help for larval burrow leaving were observed: (1) very frequent diving toward the burrow shaft or into the egg-chamber to generate turbulences that can help to propel the larvae toward the water surface; (2) tail-undulation to create a water current out of the burrow that would take along the hatched larvae; and (3) intake of larvae into the paternal mouth, subsequently spitting them out to expel them from the burrow.
Table-Top Milliwatt-Class Extreme Ultraviolet High Harmonic Light Source
Creators: name: Klas, Robert
name: Demmler, Stefan
name: Tschernajew, Maxim
name: Hädrich, Steffen
name: Shamir, Yariv
name: Tünnermann, Andreas
name: Rothhardt, Jan
name: Limpert, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) lasers are essential for the investigation of fundamental physics. Especially high repetition rate, high photon flux sources are of major interest for reducing acquisition times and improving signal to noise ratios in a plethora of applications. Here, an XUV source based on cascaded frequency conversion is presented, which delivers due to the drastic better single atom response for short wavelength drivers, an average output power of (832 +- 204) μW at 21.7 eV. This is the highest average power produced by any HHG source in this spectral range surpassing precious demonstrations by more than a factor of four. Furthermore, a narrow-band harmonic at 26.6 eV with a relative energy bandwidth of only ΔE/E= 1.8 x 10E-3 has been generated, which is of high interest for high precision spectroscopy experiments.
description: 4 Pages, 4 Pictures
Reconsidering Artificial Intelligence as Co-Designer
Creators: name: Blaas, Quintin
name: Pelosi, Antony
name: Brown, Andre
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023

description: The research in this paper is presented from the perspective of a designer interested in investigating using artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, to act as a co-pilot during architectural design phases. Significant recent interest has been evident in, for instance, rapidly developing text-to-image and intelligent chat AI areas. However, we have a particular focus and have undertaken a series of feasibility experiments to explore the potential for enabling a designer's exploitation of machine learning, and consequently in effect, using machine learning as a co-designer. We conclude that the industry would need to develop certain protocols to take advantage of the opportunities available through such an AI-assisted approach.
RAEGE capabilities: a simulation study
Creators: name: Azcue, Esther
name: Karbon, Maria
name: Belda, Santiago
name: Puente, Víctor
name: Moreira, Mariana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Geodesy
RAEGE
VLBI
Simulation

description: Current Status and simulations of observations of the RAEGE network. RAEGE (Red Atlantica de Estaciones Geodinaamicas y Espaciales / Rede Atlantica de Estacoes Geodinamicas e Espaciais) is a project resulting from the cooperation between the National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN Spain) and the Government of Azores. It is aimed to set up four multi-technique stations: two in Spain (Yebes and Gran Canaria) and two in Azores (Flores and Santa Maria). These stations will stablish a Iberatlantic Very Long Baseline Interferometry VLBI observing network meeting the international requirements needed for VGOS.
 Currently the VGOS-antennas at Yebes and Santa Maria are operational, the other two are in the planning stage. The RAEGE project focuses not only on the instrumentation and on operating the observations and stations, but also on developing analysis capabilities. With this objective a cooperation between IGN Spain, Azores Government and the University of Alicante was born for exploding the geodetic observations of the RAEGE observatories for geodetic and geodynamic purposes.
 The key feature of this network is its distribution over three tectonic plates (Eurasian, African and North American), which will augment the estimates of the movements between the plates, both in direction and speed and thus improve the TRF (Terrestrial Reference Frame). Major improvements are expected for constraining the rotational component of the African plate, where we have currently only one VLBI station in South Africa and a very sparse network of about 30 IGS-GNSS antennas over the entire continent.
 Within this study we want to explore the capabilities of the RAEGE-network in ”stand-alone” mode, i.e. which accuracies can be reached with this network in terms of EOP and station position accuracies, and in a second step we evaluate the performance when expanding the network with additional VGOS-antennas of the IVS network.