cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interaction of a cold cloud with a hot wind: the regimes of cloud growth and destruction and the impact of magnetic fields
Creators: name: Sparre, Martin
name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Ehlert, Kristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiphase galaxy winds, the accretion of cold gas through galaxy haloes, and gas stripping from jellyfish galaxies are examples of interactions between cold and hot gaseous phases. There are two important regimes in such systems. A sufficiently small cold cloud is destroyed by the hot wind as a result of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, which shatter the cloud into small pieces that eventually mix and dissolve in the hot wind. On the contrary, stripped cold gas from a large cloud mixes with the hot wind to intermediate temperatures, and then becomes thermally unstable and cools, causing a net accretion of hot gas to the cold tail. Using the magneto-hydrodynamical code AREPO, we perform cloud crushing simulations and test analytical criteria for the transition between the growth and destruction regimes to clarify a current debate in the literature. We find that the hot-wind cooling time sets the transition radius and not the cooling time of the mixed phase. Magnetic fields modify the wind-cloud interaction. Draping of wind magnetic field enhances the field upstream of the cloud and fluid instabilities are suppressed by a turbulently magnetised wind beyond what is seen for a wind with a uniform magnetic field. We furthermore predict jellyfish galaxies to have ordered magnetic fields aligned with their tails. We finally discuss how the results of idealised simulations can be used to provide input to subgrid models in cosmological (magneto-)hydrodynamical simulations, which cannot resolve the detailed small-scale structure of cold gas clouds in the circum-galactic medium.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Search for electroweak single top quark production in ppbar collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
name: Acosta, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a search for Standard Model t-channel and s-channel single top quark production in ppbar collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. We use a data sample corresponding to 162 pb^{-1} recorded by the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab. We find no significant evidence for electroweak top quark production and set upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section, consistent with the Standard Model: 10.1 pb for the t-channel, 13.6 pb for the s-channel and 17.8 pb for the combined cross section of t- and s-channel.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Massive disc galaxies in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations are too dark matter-dominated
Creators: name: Marasco, A.
name: Posti, L.
name: Oman, K.
name: Famaey, B.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Fraternali, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the disc-halo connection in massive (Mstar/Msun>5e10) disc galaxies from the cosmological hydrodynamical simulations EAGLE and IllustrisTNG, and compare it with that inferred from the study of HI rotation curves in nearby massive spirals from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) dataset. We find that discrepancies between the the simulated and observed discs arise both on global and on local scales. Globally, the simulated discs inhabit halos that are a factor ~4 (in EAGLE) and ~2 (in IllustrisTNG) more massive than those derived from the rotation curve analysis of the observed dataset. We also use synthetic rotation curves of the simulated discs to demonstrate that the recovery of the halo masses from rotation curves are not systematically biased. We find that the simulations predict dark-matter dominated systems with stellar-to-total enclosed mass ratios that are a factor of 1.5-2 smaller than real galaxies at all radii. This is an alternative manifestation of the `failed feedback problem', since it indicates that simulated halos hosting massive discs have been too inefficient at converting their baryons into stars, possibly due to an overly efficient stellar and/or AGN feedback implementation.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&A
Threshold Corrections in QED otimes QCD at the LHC
Creators: name: Ward, B. F. L.
name: Glosser, C.
name: Jadach, S.
name: Yost, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some processes at the LHC, theoretical precisions of 1 percent are desired. With an eye toward such precisions, we introduce the theory of the simultaneous YFS resummation of QED and QCD to compute the size of the expected resummed soft radiative threshold effects in precision studies of heavy particle production at the LHC. Our results, that the soft QED threshold effects are at the level of 0.3 percent whereas the soft QCD threshold effects enter at the level of 20 percent, show that both must be controlled to be on the conservative side to achieve such precision goals.
description: 4 pages, no figures; presented by B.F.L. Ward at ICHEP04
Intrinsic insulating transport characteristics in low-carrier density EuCd2As2 films
Creators: name: Nishihaya, Shinichi
name: Nakamura, Ayano
name: Ohno, Mizuki
name: Kriener, Markus
name: Watanabe, Yuto
name: Kawasaki, Masashi
name: Uchida, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for an ideal magnetic Weyl semimetal hosting only a single pair of Weyl points has been a focal point for systematic clarification of its unique magnetotransport derived from the interplay between topology and magnetization. Among the candidates, triangular-lattice antiferromagnet EuCd$_2$As$_2$ has been attracting special attention due to the prediction of the ideal Weyl semimetal phase in the ferromagnetic state, however, transport properties of low-carrier density samples have remained elusive. Here we report molecular beam epitaxy growth of EuCd$_2$As$_2$ films, achieving low-hole density in the range of $10^{15}$-$10^{16}$ cm$^{-3}$ at low temperature. Transport measurements of such low-carrier density films reveal an insulating behavior with an activation gap of about 200 meV, which persists even in the field-induced ferromagnetic state. Our work provides an important experimental clue that EuCd$_2$As$_2$ is intrinsically insulating, contrary to the previous prediction.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Space densities and unified models of AGN
Creators: name: Gendre, Melanie A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Using combined information from both FIRST and NVSS radio surveys at 1.4GHz, a sample of 282 sources with Slim = 1.3Jy was constructed. Radio morphological type were determined for each sources, and redshift information was found for 94% of the sample members, from databases such as SIMBAD and SDSS. A source count at 1.4 GHz was constructed from results in the literature. Space-density models using the Wall, Pearson & Longair (1980) technique were then applied using the sample and the source count; parameters for these models were optimized for the entire sample, as well as for the sample of extended sources only. In both cases, it was found that an exponential evolution with Pt = alog(z) + b gave the best fit. In the case of the entire sample, the V/Vmax statistics was computed, where < V/Vmax >= 0.6113 with σ = 0.0174. This project was mainly a pilot study to determine if the modeling of the luminosity function and epoch dependence of radio AGN was possible, primarily using the FIRST and NVSS samples in a complementary manner. This is a further way in which these huge radio surveys may be exploited for cosmological purposes and physical understanding of AGN. Since this study was successful, future work will involve using samples from FIRST and NVSS at different flux limits and applying this and much more sophisticated modeling techniques to determine the evolutions of the FRI and FRII populations separately. Ultimately, the goal of such a project would be to compare these evolutions and to use them as bases to derive new versions of the dual-population unified model described by Wall & Jackson (1997). This unified model has been successful until now but these new data should provide a comprehensive test--which may reject the formulation; or may suggest modifications that further our physical insight into the hosting/beaming paradigm of powerful radio AGN.
Examining Determinants of Absenteeism among Blue Collar Employees in Petroleum Sector of Pakistan
Creators: name: Siddiqui, Zeeshan Noor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: 150311 Organisational Behaviour

description: The study focuses on the relationship between job satisfaction, job performance, and social / family compulsion and absenteeism in blue collar employees working in petroleum sector of Pakistan. 150 blue collar employees from refineries and oil marketing companies were included in the survey and responded the questionnaire, encompassing all variables. Results prove hypothesis 1 whereas, hypothesis 2 could not be proven. Results will help Pakistani organization to reduce absence rate in their blue collar employees by understanding the social and family compulsions.
Risikoberücksichtigung in der nicht parametrischen Effizienzanalyse: Auswirkungen auf die Effizienzbewertung von deutschen Schweinemastbetrieben
Creators: name: Tiedemann, Torben
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Tiedemann, Torben
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Data-Envelopment-Analyse
subject: Risiko
subject: Schweinemast
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis
subject: risk
subject: pig fattening

description: In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Modellansätze zur Integration von Risiko in die Data Envelopment Analyse (DEA) vorgestellt und exemplarisch auf ein balanciertes Panel von 278 unterschiedlich stark spezialisierten Schweinemastbetrieben angewendet. Beide Ansätze bilden das Risiko des Gesamtbetriebs in Form der Schwankungen des betrieblichen Gesamtdeckungsbeitrags ab und beziehen es direkt in die Bestimmung von effizienten Referenzbetrieben mit ein. Als Maß für die Outputschwankungen wird in beiden Modellen die Standardabweichung des Gesamtdeckungsbeitrags verwendet, es werden jedoch unterschiedliche Annahmen hinsichtlich der Korrelation der Outputschwankungen zwischen den Referenzbetrieben getroffen. Durch einen Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit denen eines Standard-DEA-Modells wird gezeigt, dass die Berücksichtigung von Risiko zu veränderten Effizienzbewertungen von landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben führen kann. Insbesondere erreichen viele stark diversifizierte Betriebe einen besseren Effizienzwert, wenn ihre Outputschwankungen explizit berücksichtigt werden. This paper presents two approaches to integrating risk into Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The riskadjusted DEA models are applied to a balanced panel of 278 farms with alternative degrees of specialisation in pig fattening. Both models explicitly take account of output risk in determining efficient benchmarks. Output risk is measured and included in both models as standard deviation of total farm gross margin but different assumptions are formulated with respect to the correlation of the output among observations. Contrasting the results of the two risk-adjusted models to those of the standard DEA model reveals significant differences in efficiency scores. The empirical results support the hypothesis that farms with a low degree of specialisation in particular achieve higher efficiency scores when output risk is explicitly accounted for.
title: Das gute Leben im Lockdown? Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern mit und ohne Kinder im Haushalt während des Covid-19-Lockdowns 2020: Befragung an einer Deutschschweizer Hochschule
Creators: name: Lanfranconi, Lucia Marina
name: Gebhard, Oriana
name: Lischer, Suzanne
name: Safi, Netkey
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Arbeitsteilung
subject: Care
subject: Care-Arbeit
subject: Covid-19
subject: Gutes Leben
subject: Krise
subject: Lockdown
subject: ddc:300

description: In welchem Ausmaß schränkte der Lockdown im Frühling 2020 Frauen und Männer mit und ohne Kinder im Haushalt darin ein, danach zu streben, was jede*r sich wünscht (das gute Leben)? Die Auswertung einer Online-Befragung von rund 1 000 Personen einer Deutschschweizer Hochschule zeigt, dass Frauen mit Kindern stark eingeschränkt waren in der Gestaltung ihres guten Lebens. Im Vergleich zu Männern mit Kindern haben sich Frauen im nicht-repräsentativen Sample rund doppelt so oft in ihrer Arbeitskapazität eingeschränkt wegen zusätzlicher Betreuungsarbeiten. Frauen mit Kindern waren zudem stärker von negativen Auswirkungen des Lockdowns betroffen, so spürten sie am stärksten die Zunahme von Partnerschaftskonflikten und fühlten sich am wenigsten unterstützt vom privaten Umfeld. Daneben zeigt die Analyse unerwartete Geschlechtermuster: Männer mit Kindern berichten auch von Verhaltenseinschränkungen im Lockdown und häufiger von fehlender institutioneller Unterstützung. Es bedarf für die Schweiz generell einer besser ausgebauten Familienpolitik und gezielter Unterstützung bei der Kinderbetreuung im Fall eines Lockdowns.
THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAM ON THE FORMATION OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE EAST
Creators: name: Boymirzayev, Hero
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article examines the historical, socio-cultural conditions and social environment in the Muslim East, the scientific and methodological bases of studying the interpretation of justice in the moral views of Abu Abdullah Rudaki. Also, the life and career path of Abu Abdullah Rudaki, the factors that influenced the formation of his moral views were analyzed.
A model for the challenging "bi-drifting" phenomenon in PSR J0815+09
Creators: name: Qiao, G. J.
name: Lee, K. J.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Xu, R. X.
name: Wang, H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new drifting pulsar, PSR J0815+09, was discovered in the Arecibo drift-scan searches. An intriguing feature of this source is that within the four pulse components in the integrated pulse profile, the sub-pulse drifting direction in the two leading components is opposite from that in the two trailing components. In view that the leading theoretical model for pulsar sub-pulse drifting can only interpret one-direction sub-pulse drifting, the observed "bi-drifting" phenomenon from PSR J0815+09 poses a great challenge to the pulsar theory. The inner annular gap (IAG), a new type of inner particle accelerator, was recently proposed to explain both $γ$-ray and radio emission from pulsars. Here we show that the coexistence of the IAG and the conventional inner core gap (ICG) offers a natural interpretation to the bi-drifting phenomenon. In particular, the peculiar drifting behavior in PSR J0815+09 can be reproduced within the inverse Compton scattering (ICS) model for pulsar radio emission.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, ApJL, accepted
Der Zusammenhang zwischen technischer Effizienz und wirtschaftlichem Erfolg: eine Analyse für bayerische Milchviehbetriebe
Creators: name: Kellermann, Magnus
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Wintzer, Wolfgang
name: Stockinger, Christian
name: Kellermann, Magnus
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Wintzer, Wolfgang
name: Stockinger, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: technische Effizienz
subject: wirtschaftlicher Erfolg
subject: Nettorentabilität
subject: Milchviehbetriebe
subject: stochastische Frontieranalyse
subject: technical efficiency
subject: economic success
subject: dairy
subject: stochastic frontier analysis

description: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen der technischen Effizienz des Produktionsprozesses und dem wirtschaftlichen Erfolg landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe aufzudecken und betriebsspezifische Faktoren zu bestimmen, die diese beiden Größen beeinflussen. Wir analysieren hierfür ein unbalanciertes Panel von rund 2 000 Milchviehbetrieben in Bayern zwischen den Jahren 2000 und 2008. Die technische Effizienz der Betriebe wird mittels stochastischer Frontieranalyse untersucht. Der wirtschaftliche Erfolg der Betriebe wird durch die Kennzahl „Nettorentabilität“ erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine durchschnittliche technische Effizienz von 88,2 % und eine durchschnittliche Nettorentabilität von etwa 57 %. Eine Rangkorrelationsanalyse zeigt einen hochsignifikanten positiven Zusammenhang zwischen diesen beiden Größen. Wir berechnen die marginalen Effekte möglicher Einflussfaktoren auf Effizienz und Erfolg und zeigen, dass sich die Ausbildung der Betriebsleiter, die Führung der Betriebe im Haupterwerb ebenso wie bessere natürliche Ertragsbedingungen positiv auf beide Größen auswirken. The objective of this article is to reveal the relationship between technical efficiency and the economic success of dairy farms and to determine farm specific factors affecting both. The data set contains observations of more than 2 000 Bavarian dairy farms in an unbalanced panel covering the years 2000 to 2008. We use the stochastic frontier approach to analyze the technical efficiency of farms. Economic success is measured by the performance indicator “Nettorentabilität”, which is the rate of return on farm owned production factors. Findings show an average technical efficiency of 88,2 % and an average “Nettorentabilität” of approximately 57 %. A rank correlation test indicates a strong positive relationship between technical efficiency and economic success. We calculate the marginal effects of possible determinants of technical efficiency and economic success and reveal that both improve with farm mangers education level, full-time farming and soil quality.
PrivQuant: Communication-Efficient Private Inference with Quantized Network/Protocol Co-Optimization
Creators: name: Xu, Tianshi
name: Zhong, Shuzhang
name: Zeng, Wenxuan
name: Wang, Runsheng
name: Li, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Private deep neural network (DNN) inference based on secure two-party computation (2PC) enables secure privacy protection for both the server and the client. However, existing secure 2PC frameworks suffer from a high inference latency due to enormous communication. As the communication of both linear and non-linear DNN layers reduces with the bit widths of weight and activation, in this paper, we propose PrivQuant, a framework that jointly optimizes the 2PC-based quantized inference protocols and the network quantization algorithm, enabling communication-efficient private inference. PrivQuant proposes DNN architecture-aware optimizations for the 2PC protocols for communication-intensive quantized operators and conducts graph-level operator fusion for communication reduction. Moreover, PrivQuant also develops a communication-aware mixed precision quantization algorithm to improve inference efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. The network/protocol co-optimization enables PrivQuant to outperform prior-art 2PC frameworks. With extensive experiments, we demonstrate PrivQuant reduces communication by $11\times, 2.5\times \mathrm{and}~ 2.8\times$, which results in $8.7\times, 1.8\times ~ \mathrm{and}~ 2.4\times$ latency reduction compared with SiRNN, COINN, and CoPriv, respectively.
description: ICCAD 2024
Analysing the region of the rings and small satellites of Neptune
Creators: name: Gallardo, D. M. Gaslac
name: Winter, S. M. Giuliatti
name: Madeira, G.
name: Muñoz-Gutiérrez, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ring system and small satellites of Neptune were discovered during Voyager 2 flyby in 1989 (Smith et al.1989). In this work we analyse the diffusion maps which can give an overview of the system. As a result we found the width of unstable and stable regions close to each satellite. The innermost Galle ring, which is further from the satellites, is located in a stable region, while Lassel ring (W = 4000 km) has its inner border in a stable region depending on its eccentricity. The same happens to the Le Verrier and Adams rings , they are stable for small values of the eccentricity. They can survive to the close satellites perturbation only for values of e < 0.012. When the solar radiation force is taken into account the rings composed by 1{$μ$}m sized particles have a lifetime of about $10^4$ years while larger particles (10{$μ$}m in radius) can survive up to 10 5 years. The satellites Naiad, Thalassa and Despina can help replenish the lost particles of the Le Verrier, Arago and Lassel rings, while the ejecta produced by Galatea, Larissa and Proteus do not have enough velocity to escape from the satellite gravity.
Impact Parameter Dependent Parton Distributions for a Composite Relativistic System
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, D.
name: Mukherjee, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact parameter dependent parton distributions for a relativistic composite system in light-front framework. We take an effective two-body spin-1/2 state, namely an electron dressed with a photon in QED. We express the impact parameter dependent parton distributions in terms of overlaps of light-cone wave functions. We obtain the scale dependence of both fermion and gauge boson distributions and show the distortion of the pdfs in the transverse space for transverse polarization of the state at one loop level.
description: Version to appear in PRD
title: Evolution Of Water Reservoirs In The Early Solar System Through Their Oxygen Isotopic Composition
Creators: name: Baker, Lee
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2001

description: A new technique has been developed to enable analyses of δ170 and δ180 from small water samples extracted from meteorites. Isotopic measurements are made using a continuous-flow, isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Delta C, Finnigan Mat) utilising a helium carrier gas. Oxygen is extracted from water using the powdered, solid fluorinating agent CoF3, and is purified using a GC column (PLOT, 5Å). Reproducibility of the method, determined using solid standards and reference waters is ±.30%c for δ18O and +0.14%c for ΔI7O (1σ in each case). The technique has been applied to three suites of meteorites: Carbonaceous chondrites (CI and CM), SNC meteorites (four meteorites) and a selection of Antarctic samples, three eucrites and one ordinary chondrite. Results were used to constrain models of the origin of Solar System water and its subsequent interaction on the meteorite parent bodies. Results from carbonaceous chondrites suggest that water accreting to bodies in the early Solar System was enriched in both 17O and 18O and had a Δ170 of at least +2%c The isotopic composition of water evolved during hydrothermal alteration on parent bodies toward lower Δ17O values, more similar to that of the host rocks. The complex release profile indicate that these meteorites experienced several periods of hydrothermal activity. SNC sample results have suggested the presence of two isotopically distinct reservoirs, the silicate crust and the hydrosphere each possessing distinct Δ170 values. A third component with a large 17O excess (+4%) was detected in ALH84001. The magnitude of this anomaly indicates an origin due to heterogeneous accretion or late stage veneer and cannot be produced by hydrodynamic escape. Results from the eucrites and ordinary chondrite also suggested isotopically distinct parent body silicate and hydrous reservoirs and may also be consistent with widespread late input of isotopically distinct water in the Solar System.
Machine-learning Iterative Calculation of Entropy for Physical Systems
Creators: name: Nir, Amit
name: Sela, Eran
name: Beck, Roy
name: Bar-Sinai, Yohai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the entropy of a system is a crucial, and often computationally costly, step in understanding its thermodynamics. It plays a key role in the study of phase transitions, pattern formation, protein folding and more. Current methods for entropy estimation suffer either from a high computational cost, lack of generality or inaccuracy, and inability to treat complex, strongly interacting systems. In this paper, we present a novel method, termed MICE, for calculating the entropy by iteratively dividing the system into smaller subsystems and estimating the mutual information between each pair of halves. The estimation is performed with a recently proposed machine learning algorithm which works with arbitrary network architectures that can be chosen to fit the structure and symmetries of the system at hand. We show that our method can calculate the entropy of various systems, both thermal and athermal, with state-of-the-art accuracy. Specifically, we study various classical spin systems, and identify the jamming point of a bidisperse mixture of soft disks. Lastly, we suggest that besides its role in estimating the entropy, the mutual information itself can provide an insightful diagnostic tool in the study of physical systems.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary information: 10 pages, 6 figures
Temperature depression model for cavitating flow with thermodynamic suppression effect in high-temperature water
Creators: name: Okajima, Junnosuke
name: Hanyuda, Taku
name: Iga, Yuka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic suppression effect of cavitation generally appears in cryogenic cavitating flows. Temperature depression, which is the temperature difference between the mainstream and inside the cavity, indicates the thermodynamic suppression effect. In this study, a temperature depression model is developed to understand the physical process of the thermodynamic suppression effect. The model is evaluated using the experimental data of temperature inside supercavitation in high-temperature water of up to 140 $^\circ$C. The temperature depression model is derived based on Fruman's model and newly introducing the suppression effect of evaporative mass flux. At first, Fruman's model was compared with the experimental data. Fruman's model differed from the experimental data in the high-temperature region of more than 100 $^\circ$C. In contrast, the proposed model reproduced the experimental data well in the high-temperature region. Therefore, introducing a suppression effect of evaporative mass flux is essential for describing the temperature depression in cavitating flow. In addition, the proposed model was expressed with existing parameters, and it was clear that the temperature depression was defined with the characteristic temperature of the B factor, the Nusselt number, and a term representing the suppression effect of evaporative mass flux expressed by dimensionless thermodynamic parameters.
Softly broken lepton number L_e - L_μ- L_τwith non-maximal solar neutrino mixing
Creators: name: Grimus, W.
name: Lavoura, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the most general neutrino mass matrix which leads to $θ_{13} = 0$, and present the formulae needed for obtaining the neutrino masses and mixing parameters in that case. We apply this formalism to a model based on the lepton number $\bar L = L_e - L_μ- L_τ$ and on the seesaw mechanism. This model needs only one Higgs doublet and has only two right-handed neutrino singlets. Soft $\bar L$ breaking is accomplished by the Majorana mass terms of the right-handed neutrinos; if the $\bar L$-conserving and $\bar L$-breaking mass terms are of the same order of magnitude, then it is possible to obtain a consistent $\bar L$ model with a solar mixing angle significantly smaller than $45^\circ$. We show that the predictions of this model, $m_3 = 0$ and $θ_{13} = 0$, are invariant under the renormalization-group running of the neutrino mass matrix.
description: 11 pages, plain LaTeX, no figures
Phase stability and the effect of lattice distortions on electronic properties and half-metallic ferromagnetism of Co2FeAl Heusler alloy: An ab initio study
Creators: name: Ahmad, Aquil
name: Srivastava, S. K.
name: Das, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density functional theory calculations within the generalized gradient approximation are employed to study the ground state of Co2FeAl. Various magnetic configurations are considered to find out its most stable phase. The ferromagnetic ground state of the Co2FeAl is energetically observed with an optimized lattice constant of 5.70 Å. Thereafter, the system was subjected under uniform and non-uniform strains to see their effects on spin polarization (P) and half-metallicity. The effect of spin orbit coupling is considered in the present study. Half-metallicity (and 100 % P) is only retained under uniform strains started from 0 to +4%, and dropped rapidly from 90% to 16% for the negative strains started from -1% to -6%. We find that the present system is much sensitive under tetragonal distortions as half-metallicity (and 100% P) is preserved only for the cubic case. The main reason for the loss of half-metallicity is due to the shift of the bands with respect to the Fermi level. We also discuss the influence of these results on spintronics devices.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures,4 tables
title: Sexting | Körper-Bilder | Geschlecht. Orientierungen Jugendlicher auf sexuell interpretierbare visuelle Selbstdarstellungen
Creators: name: Witz, Christina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adoleszenz
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Jugendliche
subject: Körper
subject: Sexting
subject: Sexualität
subject: Viktimisierung
subject: ddc:300

description: Beim Sexting, verstanden als digitaler Austausch von Bildern, wird der Körper sexuell andeutend bis explizit in visueller Form in Szene gesetzt. Zudem ist der Körper in der Jugendphase mit seinen pubertätsbedingten Veränderungen die Bühne für eine Auseinandersetzung mit und Aneignung von geschlechtlichen Sexualitätsvorstellungen. Daher erscheinen selbst generierte Bilder und deren Interpretierbarkeit hinsichtlich ihres sexuellen Ausdrucks prädestiniert für die Aushandlung von Geschlechterfragen. Das diesem Beitrag zugrunde gelegte Datenmaterial entstammt einem Forschungsprojekt zu Sexting und sexuellen Grenzverletzungen unter Jugendlichen und wurde in Anlehnung an die dokumentarische Methode ausgewertet. In ausgewählten Passagen aus Gruppendiskussionen mit Schüler*innen wird entlang der von ihnen elaborierten sexuellen Besetzung des Jungen- und Mädchenkörpers die tiefe körperliche Einschreibung von qualitativ unterschiedlichen sexualitätsbezogenen Körper-Bildern nachgezeichnet und darüber hinaus die Art und Weise beschrieben, wie Mädchen und Jungen diese different und in Teilen gleich konstruieren. Anhand der Ergebnisse wird das größere Potenzial einer Sexting-bezogenen Viktimisierung von Mädchen diskutiert.
Postęp w dziedzinie chemicznej ochrony roślin w Polsce i jego determinanty
Creators: name: Piwowar, Arkadiusz
name: Piwowar, Arkadiusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: plant protection products
subject: innovation
subject: progress
subject: / środki ochrony roślin
subject: innowacje
subject: postęp

description: Chemical plant protection is a basic element of modern agricultural production processes. The importance of chemical pesticides in agricultural production results from the fact that their use is a very effective crop protection factor. As a result of progress in the field of chemical plant protection products, a rapid increase in agricultural production through higher yields took place, together with an improvement of agricultural products and raw materials quality. The research aim of this of this work is to isolate the components of progress in the studied area. A detailed analysis was made on technical progress in the area of plant protection products, equipment for their application and organizational progress in agriculture. The work also presents the determinants of progress in the field of chemical plant protection in Poland. The knowledge of current state of the art analyzed in the work can be used in search of new solutions, creating progress and innovation in the domestic agriculture. / Synopsis. Chemiczna ochrona roślin jest podstawowym elementem procesów produkcji współczesnego rolnictwa. Znaczenie chemicznych środków ochrony roślin w rolnictwie wynika z faktu, że ich stosowanie jest bardzo skutecznym czynnikiem plonochronnym. W wyniku postępu w dziedzinie chemicznych środków ochrony roślin nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój produkcji rolniczej, wzrost plonów z jednostki powierzchni oraz poprawa jakości produktów i surowców rolniczych. Przedmiotem studiów niniejszej pracy jest wyodrębnienie składowych postępu w badanej dziedzinie. Szczegółowej analizie poddano postęp techniczny w zakresie środków ochrony roślin i sprzętu do ich aplikacji oraz postęp organizacyjny w gospodarstwach rolnych. W pracy przedstawiono ponadto determinanty postępu w dziedzinie chemicznej ochrony roślin w Polsce. Znajomość istniejącego stanu w analizowanych w pracy zakresach może być wykorzystywana w poszukiwaniu nowych rozwiązań, kreowania postępu i innowacyjności w krajowym rolnictwie.
Survey of very broad Diffuse Interstellar Bands
Creators: name: Galazutdinov, G.
name: Bondar, A.
name: Lee, Byeong-Cheol
name: Hakalla, R.
name: Szajna, W.
name: Krełowski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper considers a very special set of a few interstellar features --- broad diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) at 4430, 4882, 5450, 5779 and 6175 ÅÅ. The set is small, and measurements of equivalent widths of these DIBs are challenging because of severe stellar, interstellar, and sometimes, also telluric contaminations inside their broad profiles. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that they do correlate pretty tightly (DIBs 4882 and 5450 to a lesser extent though) with other narrower diffuse bands, as well as with the color excess E(B$-$V). The studied broad DIBs correlate well with both interstellar molecule CH and interstellar K{\sc i}, i.e. it is hardly possible to verify whether the environments, facilitating the formation of very broad DIB carriers, are dominated by either molecular or atomic gas as both these species likely occupy the same volume.
description: 64 pages, 12 figures
Extended Data.docx
Creators: name: Shumba, Julie Jefrey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This data contains the search strategy, extracted data and sensitivity analysis for our systematic review and meta-analysis on of the effect of cognitive impairment on the risk of admission to long-term care after stroke. The data also includes the study quality assessments we conducted using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. We also included the PRISMA checklist of our systematic review in the data files.
Do Neural Ranking Models Intensify Gender Bias?
Creators: name: Rekabsaz, Navid
name: Schedl, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Concerns regarding the footprint of societal biases in information retrieval (IR) systems have been raised in several previous studies. In this work, we examine various recent IR models from the perspective of the degree of gender bias in their retrieval results. To this end, we first provide a bias measurement framework which includes two metrics to quantify the degree of the unbalanced presence of gender-related concepts in a given IR model's ranking list. To examine IR models by means of the framework, we create a dataset of non-gendered queries, selected by human annotators. Applying these queries to the MS MARCO Passage retrieval collection, we then measure the gender bias of a BM25 model and several recent neural ranking models. The results show that while all models are strongly biased toward male, the neural models, and in particular the ones based on contextualized embedding models, significantly intensify gender bias. Our experiments also show an overall increase in the gender bias of neural models when they exploit transfer learning, namely when they use (already biased) pre-trained embeddings.
description: In Proceedings of ACM SIGIR 2020
Płatności ONW a regionalne zróżnicowanie dochodu z rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego w Polsce
Creators: name: Sadłowski, Adrian
name: Sadłowski, Adrian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: LFA payment
subject: Farm Net Income
subject: FADN regions
subject: statistical hypothesis testing
subject: test of independence
subject: measurement of degree of dependence
subject: / płatność ONW
subject: dochód z rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego
subject: regiony FADN
subject: weryfikacja hipotez statystycznych
subject: test niezależności
subject: pomiar siły zależności

description: The relationship between the Farm Net Income and the location of agricultural activity as well as the importance of LFA payments in equalizing the profitability of farms located in different FADN regions were examined. It was found that during the survey period there was a statistically significant but weak relationship between the Farm Net Income per Family Workers Unit (FWU) and the location of farm (FADN region). The compensatory payments did not reduce the strength of this relationship. / Synopsis. Badano zależność dochodu z rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego od miejsca prowadzenia działalności oraz znaczenie płatności ONW w wyrównywaniu dochodowości gospodarstw rolnych zlokalizowanych w poszczególnych regionach FADN. Stwierdzono, że w okresie objętym badaniem istniał statystycznie istotny, ale słaby, związek między dochodem z rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego na osobę pełnozatrudnioną z rodziny a lokalizacją gospodarstwa (regionem FADN). Płatności kompensacyjne nie zmniejszyły siły tej zależności.
Identification of potential molecules against COVID-19 main protease through structure-guided virtual screening approach
Creators: name: Lovika Mittal
name: Kumari, Anita
name: Mitul Srivastava
name: Mrityunjay Singh
name: Asthana, Shailendra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The pandemic caused by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infecting millions of populations worldwide and counting, has demanded quick and potential therapeutic strategies. Current approved drugs or molecules under clinical trials can be a good pool for repurposing through in-silico techniques to quickly identify promising drug candidates. The structural information of recently released crystal structures of main protease (Mpro) in APO and complex with inhibitors, N3, and 13b molecules was utilized to explore the binding site architecture through Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The stable state of Mpro was used to conduct extensive virtual screening of the aforementioned drug pool. Considering the recent success of HIV protease molecules, we also used anti-protease molecules for drug repurposing purposes. The identified top hits were further evaluated through MD simulations followed by the binding free energy calculations using MM-GBSA. Interestingly, in our screening, several promising drugs stand out as potential inhibitors of Mpro. However, based on control (N3 and 13b), we have identified six potential molecules, Leupeptin Hemisulphate, Pepstatin A, Nelfinavir, Birinapant, Lypression and Octreotide which have shown the reasonably significant MM-GBSA score. Further insight shows that the molecules form stable interactions with hot-spot residues, that are mainly conserved and can be targeted for structure- and pharmacophore-based designing. The pharmacokinetic annotations and therapeutic importance have suggested that these molecules possess drug-like properties and pave their way for in-vitro studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
title: „Du solltest es besser haben …“ – zur Intersektionalität von sozialer Mobilität, Generation und Geschlecht im Kontext von Migrationsfamilien
Creators: name: Ruokonen-Engler, Minna-Kristiina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biografie
subject: Generation
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Habitus
subject: Intersektionalität
subject: Soziale Mobilität
subject: ddc:370

description: In meinem Beitrag setze ich mich mit der Frage auseinander, wie sich soziale Mobilitätsprozesse im Kontext von Migrationsfamilien gestalten. Ich frage, inwieweit Migration mit einem sozialen Mobilitätsprozess einhergeht und in welchem Zusammenhang dieser mit den familialen Generations- und Geschlechterverhältnissen steht. Dabei diskutiere ich familiale, soziale Mobilitätserfahrungen unter der Berücksichtigung von intergenerationalen Binnendynamiken sowie deren mögliche vergeschlechtlichte Ausprägungen anhand von zwei biografischen Fallvignetten. Ich beziehe mich dabei auf empirisches Material aus meiner Forschung zu Bildungsbiografien von Studierenden mit Migrationsgeschichte. Es handelt sich um eine qualitativrekonstruktive Studie, die sich aus einer biografieanalytischen, habitussensiblen Perspektive mit den Erzählungen von Universitätsstudierenden auseinandersetzt. Theoretisch verknüpfe ich in meiner Diskussion intersektionale und biografische Perspektiven mit sozialer Mobilität und Migration, Adoleszenz und Generationenverhältnissen.
The powerset monad on quantale-valued sets
Creators: name: Shen, Lili
name: Zhao, Xiaojuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06F07, 18D20, 18C15, 18C20

description: For a small involutive quantaloid $\mathcal{Q}$, it is shown that the category of separated complete $\mathcal{Q}$-categories and left adjoint $\mathcal{Q}$-functors is strictly monadic over the category of symmetric $\mathcal{Q}$-categories. In particular, the (covariant) powerset monad on the category of quantale-valued sets is precisely formulated.
description: 17 pages, final version
Reconstruction of Zeff profiles at TEXTOR through Bayasian source separation
Creators: name: Verdoolaege, Geert
name: Telesca, Giuseppe
name: Van Oost, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding of the behaviour of impurities is a critical issue in tokamak physics. The ion effective charge Zeff provides a measure for impurity concentration. On the TEXTOR tokamak (Julich, Germany), we run a diagnostic to determine Zeff from the bremsstrahlung emissivity E. From radial profiles of E, electron density ne and temperature Te, profiles for Zeff can be reconstructed. However, their interpretation is difficult outside the plasma centre, because of various uncertainties in E, ne and Te at the edge, which render the radial matching of the different profiles problematic. Conversely, if it were possible to obtain a set of line-integrated values for Zeff directly from the line-integrated measurements of E, ne and Te, then these problems would be avoided. Now, recent advances in the field of statistical signal processing allow the extraction of an unknown signal from a signal mixture. In particular, we describe a procedure for the single-channel Bayesian source separation of a line-integrated Zeff signal from a line-integrated emissivity source, using as a forward model a linearized version of the known functional dependence of Zeff on E, ne and Te. Here, a line-integral over a traditionally obtained Zeff profile may serve as a prior for the line-integrated Zeff signal. In this way, precise information on the electron density and temperature may even become superfluous for the determination of Zeff.
description: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France)
Genetic screening of Apis mellifera subspecies in Lebanon using mitochondrial DNA test
Creators: name: Merheb, Bashar
name: Homsi, Riyad Al
name: Chaddad, Amer
name: Nasr, Zeina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The distribution of the honey bee lineages in North Lebanon and Akkar governorates was analyzed using the mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) test through the amplification of the COI-COII region by polymerase chain reaction followed by DraI enzyme restriction analysis. A total of 95 samples were collected from 32 different locations, in addition to two reference samples. MtDNA analysis showed that 72% of the studied samples belong to the native subspecies A. m. syriaca corresponding to the Z subgroup of lineage A, mainly found in regions of North Lebanon and northern part of Akkar. Samples belonging to the C lineage were more distributed in the inner, eastern and southern regions of Akkar. The regions where the Z subgroup still prevailed could be considered as candidate reserve areas for the local subspecies.