cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Atomic-Scale Spin-Wave Polarizer Based on a Sharp Antiferromagnetic Domain Wall
Creators: name: Faridi, Ehsan
name: Kim, Se Kwon
name: Vignale, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the scattering of spin waves from a sharp domain wall in an antiferromagnetic spin chain. While the continuum model for an antiferromagnetic material yields the well-known result that spin waves can pass through a wide domain wall with no reflection, here we show that, based on the discrete spin Hamiltonian, spin waves are generally reflected by a domain wall with a reflection coefficient that increases as the domain-wall width decreases. Remarkably, we find that, in the interesting case of an atomically sharp domain wall, the reflection of spin waves exhibits strong dependence on the state of circular polarization of the spin waves, leading to mainly reflection for one polarization while permitting partial transmission for the other, thus realizing an atomic-scale spin-wave polarizer. The polarization of the transmitted spin wave depends on the orientation of the spin in the sharp domain wall, which can be controlled by an external field or spin torque. Our utilization of a sharp antiferromagnetic domain wall as an atomic-scale spin-wave polarizer leads us to envision that ultra-small magnetic solitons such as domain walls and skyrmions may enable realizations of atomic-scale spin-wave scatterers with useful functionalities.
D5.5 –Road map and EU agroecology strategy
Creators: name: Wigboldus, Seerp
name: Hassink, Jan
name: Goris, Margriet
name: Dawson, Andrew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This report describes the way in which AE4EU interacted with various groups of stakeholders and consulted relevant (recent) literature towards the development of a perspective on enhancing opportunities for agroecological transitions in Europe in ways that are complementary to what other relevant initiatives, notably the sister CSA project ALL-Ready and the EU partnership on agroecology, have proposed in relation to the same quest. To develop such complementary perspective, agroecology grassroots and farmer representative organisations were consulted. Also, representatives of partner organisations that are active in the different work packages of AE4EU have engaged in a number of ways to explore ways forward for the practice of agroecology in Europe.This report connects to developments in relation to the new initiative of the European Network for Agroecological Food systems (ENAF), and it’s intended role in enhancing opportunities for agroecological transformations of farming and food systems in Europe (https://www.ae4eu.eu/european-network-for-agroecological-food-systems/). ENAF is meant to enhance a collective efficacy of initiatives which have much in common in relation to subscribing to agroecological principles and practices. Though referring to an envisaged role of ENAF, this report describes a broader perspective on enhancing opportunities for agroecological transformations of farming and food systems in Europe
On the Evaluation of Hierarchical Forecasts
Creators: name: Athanasopoulos, George
name: Kourentzes, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: The aim of this paper is to provide a thinking road-map and a practical guide to researchers and practitioners working on hierarchical forecasting problems. Evaluating the performance of hierarchical forecasts comes with new challenges stemming from both the structure of the hierarchy and the application context. We discuss several relevant dimensions for researchers and analysts: the scale and units of the time series, the issue of sparsity, the forecast horizon, the importance of multiple evaluation windows and the multiple objective decision context. We conclude with a series of practical recommendations.
Sleptonic SUSY: From UV Framework to IR Phenomenology
Creators: name: Agashe, Kaustubh
name: Ekhterachian, Majid
name: Liu, Zhen
name: Sundrum, Raman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an attractive scenario, "Sleptonic SUSY", which reconciles the $125$ GeV Higgs scalar and the non-observation of superpartners thus far with potentially pivotal roles for slepton phenomenology: providing viable ongoing targets for LHC discovery, incorporating a co-annihilation partner for detectable thermal relic dark matter, and capable of mediating the potential muon $g-2$ anomaly. This is accomplished by a modestly hierarchical spectrum, with sub-TeV sleptons and electroweakinos and with multi-TeV masses for the other new states. We study new elements in the UV MSSM realization of Sleptonic SUSY based on higher-dimensional sequestering and the synergy between the resulting gaugino-mediation, hypercharge $D$-term mediation and Higgs-mediation of SUSY-breaking, so as to more fully capture the range of possibilities. This framework stands out by harmoniously solving the flavor, CP and $μ- Bμ$ problems of the supersymmetric paradigm. We discuss its extension to orbifold GUTs, including gauge-coupling and $b$-tau unification. We also develop a non-minimal model with extra Higgs fields, in which the electroweak vacuum is more readily cosmologically stable against decay to a charge-breaking vacuum, allowing a broader range of sleptonic spectra than in the MSSM alone. We survey the rich set of signals possible at the LHC and future colliders, covering both $R$-parity conservation and violation, as well as for dark matter detection. While the multi-TeV squarks imply a Little Hierarchy Problem, intriguingly, small changes in parameter space to improve naturalness result in dramatic phase transitions to either electroweak-preservation or charge-breaking. In a Multiverse setting, the modest unnaturalness may then be explained by the "principle of living dangerously".
description: 56 pages, 4 figures. v3: journal version
Individual Plasmodium vivax msp1 Variants within Polyclonal P. vivax Infections Display Different Propensities for Relapse
Creators: name: Lin, F.-C.
name: Juliano, J. J.
name: Wongsrichanalai, C.
name: Muth, S.
name: Lin, J. T.
name: Menard, D.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Sem, R.
name: Kharabora, O.
name: Rogers, W. O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Using a newly developed Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 gene (Pvmsp1) heteroduplex tracking assay, we genotyped 107 P. vivax infections in individuals from Cambodia, 45 of whom developed recurrent parasitemia within 42 days. The majority of isolates were polyclonal, but recurrent parasitemias displayed fewer variants compared to initial parasitemias. Two Pvmsp1 gene variants occurred more frequently in the initial genotypes of those who developed recurrent parasitemia, representing the first time P. vivax variants associated with a higher risk of relapse have been described.
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as Determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay
Creators: name: Ginocchio, C. C.
name: Snook, J.
name: Hill, C. S.
name: Aslanzadeh, J.
name: Smith, J. S.
name: Gaydos, C. A.
name: Chapin, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Our aim was to determine Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence using the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis assay (ATV; Gen-Probe) and the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae coinfections in U.S. women undergoing screening for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae. Discarded urogenital samples from 7,593 women (18 to 89 years old) undergoing C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae screening using the Aptima Combo 2 assay (Gen-Probe) in various clinical settings were tested with ATV. Overall, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae prevalences were 8.7%, 6.7%, and 1.7%, respectively. T. vaginalis was more prevalent than C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae in all age groups except the 18- to 19-year-old group. The highest T. vaginalis prevalence was in women ≥40 years old (>11%), while the highest C. trachomatis prevalence (9.2%) and N. gonorrhoeae prevalence (2.2%) were in women C. trachomatis/T. vaginalis, 0.61% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae and N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis, and 0.24% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis and highest in women T. vaginalis prevalence differed by race/ethnicity, with the highest prevalence in black women (20.2%). T. vaginalis prevalence ranged from 5.4% in family planning clinics to 22.3% in jails. Multivariate analysis determined that ages of ≥40 years, black race, and patient locations were significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. T. vaginalis is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women of >40 years, while C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae prevalence is lowest in that age group. Higher T. vaginalis prevalence in women of >40 years is probably attributed to the reason for testing, i.e., symptomatic status versus routine screening in younger women. Coinfections were relatively low. High T. vaginalis prevalence in all age groups suggests that women screened for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae, whether asymptomatic or symptomatic, should be screened for T. vaginalis.
Balanced-Viscosity solutions for multi-rate systems
Creators: name: Mielke, Alexander
name: Rossi, Riccarda
name: Savaré, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Several mechanical systems are modeled by the static momentum balance for the displacement $u$ coupled with a rate-independent flow rule for some internal variable $z$. We consider a class of abstract systems of ODEs which have the same structure, albeit in a finite-dimensional setting, and regularize both the static equation and the rate-independent flow rule by adding viscous dissipation terms with coefficients $\varepsilon^α$ and $\varepsilon$, where $00$ is a fixed parameter. Therefore for $α\neq 1$ $u$ and $z$ have different relaxation rates. We address the vanishing-viscosity analysis as $\varepsilon \downarrow 0$ of the viscous system. We prove that, up to a subsequence, (reparameterized) viscous solutions converge to a parameterized curve yielding a Balanced Viscosity solution to the original rate-independent system, and providing an accurate description of the system behavior at jumps. We also give a reformulation of the notion of Balanced Viscosity solution in terms of a system of subdifferential inclusions, showing that the viscosity in $u$ and the one in $z$ are involved in the jump dynamics in different ways, according to whether $α>1$, $α=1$, and $α\in (0,1)$.
Emergence of local irreversibility in complex interacting systems
Creators: name: Lynn, Christopher W.
name: Holmes, Caroline M.
name: Bialek, William
name: Schwab, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Living systems are fundamentally irreversible, breaking detailed balance and establishing an arrow of time. But how does the evident arrow of time for a whole system arise from the interactions among its multiple elements? We show that the local evidence for the arrow of time, which is the entropy production for thermodynamic systems, can be decomposed. First, it can be split into two components: an independent term reflecting the dynamics of individual elements and an interaction term driven by the dependencies among elements. Adapting tools from non--equilibrium physics, we further decompose the interaction term into contributions from pairs of elements, triplets, and higher--order terms. We illustrate our methods on models of cellular sensing and logical computations, as well as on patterns of neural activity in the retina as it responds to visual inputs. We find that neural activity can define the arrow of time even when the visual inputs do not, and that the dominant contribution to this breaking of detailed balance comes from interactions among pairs of neurons.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Probing the Milky Way stellar and brown dwarf initial mass function with modern microlensing observations
Creators: name: Chabrier, Gilles
name: Lenoble, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use recent microlensing observations toward the central bulge of the Galaxy to probe the overall stellar plus brown dwarf initial mass function (IMF) in these regions well within the brown dwarf domain. We find that the IMF is consistent with the same Chabrier (2005) IMF characteristic of the Galactic disk. In contrast, other IMFs suggested in the literature overpredict the number of short-time events, thus of very-low mass stars and brown dwarfs, compared with observations. This, again, supports the suggestion that brown dwarfs and stars form predominantly via the same mechanism. We show that claims for different IMFs in the stellar and substellar domains rather arise from an incorrect parameterization of the IMF. Furthermore, we show that the IMF in the central regions of the bulge seems to be bottom-heavy, as illustrated by the large number of short-time events compared with the other regions. This recalls our previous analysis of the IMF in massive early type galaxies and suggests the same kind of two-phase formation scenario, with the central bulge initially formed under more violent, burst-like conditions than the rest of the Galaxy.
description: To appear in ApJ Letters
Globular Clusters in NGC 4839 Falling into Coma: Evidence for the Second Infall?
Creators: name: Oh, Seong-A
name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Jang, In Sung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 4839 is the brightest galaxy (cD) of the NGC 4839 group at $R\approx 1$ Mpc in the south-west of the Coma cluster, which is known to be falling into Coma. However, it has been controversial whether it is in the first phase of infall or in the second phase of infall after passing the Coma center. We present a wide field study of globular clusters (GCs) in NGC 4839 and its environment based on Hyper Suprime-Cam $gr$ images in the Subaru archive. We compare the GC system of NGC 4839 with that of NGC 4816, which is the brightest member (S0) of the nearby group and lies at a similar distance in the west from the Coma center. Interestingly the spatial distribution of the GCs in NGC 4839 is significantly more compact than that of the GCs in NGC 4816. In addition, the radial number density profile of the GCs in NGC 4839 shows an abrupt drop at $R_{N4839}\approx 80$ kpc, while that of the GCs in NGC 4816 shows a continuous slow decline even in the outer region at $80
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
The properties of ten O-type stars in the low-metallicity galaxies IC 1613, WLM and NGC 3109
Creators: name: Tramper, F.
name: Sana, H.
name: de Koter, A.
name: Kaper, L.
name: Ramirez-Agudelo, O. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars likely played an important role in the reionization of the Universe, and the formation of the first black holes. Massive stars in low-metallicity environments in the local Universe are reminiscent of their high redshift counterparts. In a previous paper, we reported on indications that the stellar winds of low-metallicity O stars may be stronger than predicted, which would challenge the current paradigm of massive star evolution. In this paper, we aim to extend our initial sample of six O stars in low-metallicity environments by four. We aim to derive their stellar and wind parameters, and compare these to radiation-driven wind theory and stellar evolution models. We have obtained intermediate-resolution VLT/X-Shooter spectra of our sample of stars. We derive the stellar parameters by fitting synthetic fastwind line profiles to the VLT/X-Shooter spectra using a genetic fitting algoritm. We compare our parameters to evolutionary tracks and obtain evolutionary masses and ages. We also investigate the effective temperature versus spectral type calibration for SMC and lower metallicities. Finally, we reassess the wind momentum versus luminosity diagram. The derived parameters of our target stars indicate stellar masses that reach values of up to 50 $M_{\odot}$. The wind strengths of our stars are, on average, stronger than predicted from radiation-driven wind theory and reminiscent of stars with an LMC metallicity. We discuss indications that the iron content of the host galaxies is higher than originally thought and is instead SMC-like. We find that the discrepancy with theory is lessened, but remains significant for this higher metallicity. This may imply that our current understanding of the wind properties of massive stars, both in the local universe as well as at cosmic distances, remains incomplete.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 10 pages, 8 figures
The odderon discovery by the D0 and TOTEM collaborations
Creators: name: Royon, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the discovery of the colorless $C$-odd gluonic compound, the odderon, by the D0 and TOTEM Collaborations by comparing elastic differential cross sections measured in $pp$ and $p \bar{p}$ interactions at high energies.
description: Proceeding of the 35th annual meeting of the Particle and Field Division of the Mexican Physical Society, RADPyC 2021, 11-13 May 2021, Mexico
Parameter Stability Testing for Multivariate Dynamic Time-Varying Models
Creators: name: Gao, Jiti
name: Peng, Bin
name: Yan, Yayi
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Multivariate dynamic models are widely used in practical studies providing a tractable way to capture evolving interrelationships among multivariate time series, but not many studies focus on inferences. Along this line, a key question is that whether some coefficients (if not all) evolve with time. To settle this issue, the paper develops a Wald-type test statistic for detecting time-invariant parameters in a class of multivariate dynamic time-varying models. Since Gaussian/stationary approximation methods initially proposed for univariate time series settings are inapplicable to the setting under consideration in this paper, we develop an approximation method using a time-varying vector moving average infinity process. We show that the test statistic is asymptotically normal under both the null hypothesis and the local alternative. Simulation studies show that the proposed test has a desirable finite sample performance.
Clinical Outcomes with Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Routine Blood Cultures
Creators: name: Miller, M. B.
name: Lin, F.-C.
name: Weber, D. J.
name: Alby, K.
name: Laux, J.
name: LeCroy, N.
name: Nicolsen, N. C.
name: Daniels, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bacteremia, with a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. Because of increasing rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin has become the standard empirical therapy. However, beta-lactam antibiotics remain the best treatment choice for methicillin-susceptible strains. Placing patients quickly on the optimal therapy is one goal of antimicrobial stewardship. This retrospective, observational, single-center study compared 33 control patients utilizing only traditional full-susceptibility methodology to 22 case patients utilizing rapid methodology with CHROMagar medium to detect and differentiate methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains hours before full susceptibilities were reported. The time to targeted therapy was statistically significantly different between control patients (mean, 56.5 ± 13.6 h) and case patients (44.3 ± 17.9 h) (P = 0.006). Intensive care unit status, time of day results emerged, and patient age did not make a difference in time to targeted therapy, either singly or in combination. Neither length of stay (P = 0.61) nor survival (P = 1.0) was statistically significantly different. Rapid testing yielded a significant result, with a difference of 12.2 h to targeted therapy. However, there is still room for improvement, as the difference in time to susceptibility test result between the full traditional methodology and CHROMagar was even larger (26.5 h). This study supports the hypothesis that rapid testing plays a role in antimicrobial stewardship by getting patients on targeted therapy faster.
Engine-fed Kilonovae (Mergernovae) -- I. Dynamical Evolution and Energy Injection / Heating Efficiencies
Creators: name: Ai, Shunke
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A binary neutron star merger is expected to be associated by a kilonova, transient optical emission powered by radioactive decay of the neutron-rich ejecta. If the post-merger remnant is a long-lived neutron star, additional energy injection to the ejecta is possible. In this first paper of a series, we study the dynamical evolution of the engine-fed kilonova (mergernova) ejecta in detail. We perform a semi-analytical study of the problem by adopting a modified mechanical blastwave model that invokes interaction between a Poynting-flux-dominated flow and a non-magnetized massive ejecta. Shortly after the engine is turned on, a pair of shocks would be excited. The reverse shock quickly reaches the wind-acceleration region and disappears (in a few seconds), whereas the forward shock soon breaks out from the ejecta (in $10^2$ - $10^3$ seconds) and continues to propagate in the surrounding interstellar medium. Most of the energy injected into the blastwave from the engine is stored as magnetic energy and kinetic energy. The internal energy fraction is $f_{\rm int} < 0.3$ for an ejecta mass equal to $10^{-3}M_{\odot}$. Overall, the energy injecting efficiency $ξ$ is at most $\sim 0.6$ and can be as small as $\sim 0.04$ at later times. Contrary to the previous assumption, efficient heating only happens before the forward shock breaks out of the ejecta with a heating efficiency $ξ_t \sim (0.006 - 0.3)$, which rapidly drops to $\sim 0$ afterwards. The engine-fed kilonova lightcurves will be carefully studied in Paper II.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS
Takeout and Delivery: Erasing the Dusty Signature of Late-stage Terrestrial Planet Formation
Creators: name: Najita, Joan R.
name: Kenyon, Scott J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of planets like Earth is expected to conclude with a series of late-stage giant impacts that generate warm dusty debris, the most anticipated visible signpost of terrestrial planet formation in progress. While there is now evidence that Earth-sized terrestrial planets orbit a significant fraction of solar-type stars, the anticipated dusty debris signature of their formation is rarely detected. Here we discuss several ways in which our current ideas about terrestrial planet formation imply transport mechanisms capable of erasing the anticipated debris signature. A tenuous gas disk may be regenerated via "takeout" (i.e., the liberation of planetary atmospheres in giant impacts) or "delivery" (i.e., by asteroids and comets flung into the terrestrial planet region) at a level sufficient to remove the warm debris. The powerful stellar wind from a young star can also act, its delivered wind momentum producing a drag that removes warm debris. If such processes are efficient, terrestrial planets may assemble inconspicuously, with little publicity and hoopla accompanying their birth. Alternatively, the rarity of warm excesses may imply that terrestrial planets typically form very early, emerging fully formed from the nebular phase without undergoing late-stage giant impacts. In either case, the observable signposts of terrestrial planet formation appear more challenging to detect than previously assumed. We discuss observational tests of these ideas.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, references added
Optimized state transfer in systems of ultrastrongly coupled matter and radiation
Creators: name: Giannelli, Luigi
name: Rajendran, Jishnu
name: Macrì, Nicola
name: Benenti, Giuliano
name: Montangero, Simone
name: Paladino, Elisabetta
name: Falci, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrastrong coupling may allow faster operations for the development of quantum technologies at the expenses of increased sensitivity to new kind of intrinsic errors. We study state transfer in superconducting circuit QED architectures in the ultrastrong coupling regime. Using optimal control methods we find a protocol resilient to the main source of errors, coming from the interplay of the dynamical Casimir effect with cavity losses.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Two spatially separated phases in semiconducting Rb$_{0.8}$Fe$_{1.5}$S$_2$
Creators: name: Wang, Meng
name: Tian, Wei
name: Valdivia, P.
name: Chi, Songxue
name: Bourret-Courchesne, E.
name: Dai, Pengcheng
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report neutron scattering and transport measurements on semiconducting Rb$_{0.8}$Fe$_{1.5}$S$_2$, a compound isostructural and isoelectronic to the well-studied $A_{0.8}$Fe$_{y}$Se$_2 (A=$ K, Rb, Cs, Tl/K) superconducting systems. Both resistivity and DC susceptibility measurements reveal a magnetic phase transition at $T=275$ K. Neutron diffraction studies show that the 275 K transition originates from a phase with rhombic iron vacancy order which exhibits an in-plane stripe antiferromagnetic ordering below 275 K. In addition, interdigitated mesoscopically with the rhombic phase is an ubiquitous phase with $\sqrt{5}\times\sqrt{5}$ iron vacancy order. This phase has a magnetic transition at $T_N=425$ K and an iron vacancy order-disorder transition at $T_{S}=600$ K. These two different structural phases are closely similar to those observed in the isomorphous Se materials. Based on the close similarities of the in-plane antiferromagnetic structures, moments sizes, and ordering temperatures in semiconducting Rb$_{0.8}$Fe$_{1.5}$S$_2$ and K$_{0.81}$Fe$_{1.58}$Se$_2$, we argue that the in-plane antiferromagnetic order arises from strong coupling between local moments. Superconductivity, previously observed in the $A_{0.8}$Fe$_{y}$Se$_{2-z}$S$_z$ system, is absent in Rb$_{0.8}$Fe$_{1.5}$S$_2$, which has a semiconducting ground state. The implied relationship between stripe/block antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in these materials as well as a strategy for further investigation is discussed in this paper.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Essays on the modelling and prediction of financial volatility and trading volumes
Creators: name: Naimoli, Antonio
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: SECS-S/03 STATISTICA ECONOMICA
subject: Volatility
subject: Intra- daily trading volumes
subject: Forecasting

description: 2015 - 2016
description: Aim of this thesis is to propose and discuss novel model specifications for predicting financial volatility and trading volumes using intra-daily information. Chapter 1 provides a literature overview on modelling financial volatility and volumes and introduces the most important contributions and findings of the thesis. Chapter 2 presents an extension of the Realized GARCH model by Hansen et al. (2012) along three different directions. First, we allow for heteroskedasticity of thè noise term in the measurement equation, since it is assumed to be time-varying as a function of an estimator of the integrated quarticity of intra-daily returns. Second, in order to account for attenuation bias effects, we let the volatility dynamics to depend on thè accuracy of the realized measure. This is achieved by leaving the response coefficient of the lagged realized measure, to depend on thè time-varying variance of the volatility measurement error, giving more weight to lagged volatilities when they are more accurately measured. Finally, we account for jumps by introducing in the measurement equation an additional explanatory variable aimed at quantify the bias due to the effect of jumps. Chapter 3 develops a further extension of thè Realized GARCH model of Hansen et al. (2012) for forecasting daily volatility incorporating information from multiple realized volatility measures computed at different sampling frequencies in order to achieve the optimal trade-off between bias and efficiency. Namely, future volatility forecasts are determined by a weighted average of the considered realized measures, where the weights are time-varying and adaptively determined according to the estimated amount of noise and jumps. This specification aims to reduce, in an adaptive fashion, bias effects related to the different sampling frequency at which the realized measure are computed. Chapter 4 proposes a novel approach for modelling and forecasting high-frequency trading volumes, extending the logie of the Component Multiplicative Error Model of Brownlees et al. (2011), by a more flexible specification of the long-run component, since it is based on a MIDAS polynomial structure through an additive cascade of linear filters adopting heterogeneous components which can take on multiple frequencies, in order to reproduce thè strong persistent autocorrelation structure featuring intra-daily trading volumes. Finally, Appendix A presents an empirical application on tick-by-tick data filtering and highlights the main features and issues surrounding ultra high-frequency datasets. [edited by Author]
Statistics of Conserved Quantities in Mechanically Stable Packings of Frictionless Disks Above Jamming
Creators: name: Wu, Yegang
name: Teitel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically simulate mechanically stable packings of soft-core, frictionless, bidisperse disks in two dimensions, above the jamming packing fraction $ϕ_J$. For configurations with a fixed isotropic global stress tensor, we compute the averages, variances, and correlations of conserved quantities (stress $Γ_{\cal C}$, force-tile area $A_{\cal C}$, Voronoi volume $V_{\cal C}$, number of particles $N_{\cal C}$, and number of small particles $N_{s{\cal C}}$) on compact subclusters of particles ${\cal C}$, as a function of the cluster size and the global system stress. We find several significant differences depending on whether the cluster ${\cal C}$ is defined by a fixed radius $R$ or a fixed number of particles $M$. We comment on the implications of our findings for maximum entropy models of jammed packings.
description: 11 pages, 19 figures
On the Generation and Evolution of Switchbacks and the Morphology of Alfvénic Transition: Low Mach-number Boundary Layers
Creators: name: Liu, Ying D.
name: Ran, Hao
name: Hu, Huidong
name: Bale, Stuart D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the generation and evolution of switchbacks (SBs), the nature of the sub-Alfvénic wind observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP), and the morphology of the Alfvénic transition, all of which are key issues in solar wind research. First we highlight a special structure in the pristine solar wind, termed a low Mach-number boundary layer (LMBL). An increased Alfvén radius and suppressed SBs are observed within an LMBL. A probable source on the Sun for an LMBL is the peripheral region inside a coronal hole with rapidly diverging open fields. The sub-Alfvénic wind detected by PSP is an LMBL flow by nature. The similar origin and similar properties of the sub-Alfvénic intervals favor a wrinkled surface for the morphology of the Alfvénic transition. We find that a larger deflection angle tends to be associated with a higher Alfvén Mach number. The magnetic deflections have an origin well below the Alfvén critical point, and deflection angles larger than $90^{\circ}$ seem to occur only when $M_{\rm A} \gtrsim 2$. The velocity enhancement in units of the local Alfvén speed generally increases with the deflection angle, which is explained by a simple model. A nonlinearly evolved, saturated state is revealed for SBs, where the local Alfvén speed is roughly an upper bound for the velocity enhancement. In the context of these results, the most promising theory on the origin of SBs is the model of expanding waves and turbulence, and the patchy distribution of SBs is attributed to modulation by reductions in the Alfvén Mach number. Finally, a picture on the generation and evolution of SBs is created based on the results.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Comparative Evaluation of the Nanosphere Verigene RV+ Assay and the Simplexa Flu A/B & RSV Kit for Detection of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
Creators: name: Miller, Melissa B.
name: Popowitch, Elena B.
name: Alby, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Using retrospective (n = 200) and prospective (n = 150) nasopharyngeal specimens, we evaluated the Nanosphere Verigene RV+ and the Focus Diagnostics Simplexa Flu A/B & RSV tests. Overall, RV+ demonstrated sensitivities and specificities of 96.6% and 100% for influenza A virus, 100% and 99.7% for influenza B virus, and 100% and 100% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), while the Simplexa test sensitivities and specificities were 82.8 and 99.7%, 76.2 and 100%, and 94.6 and 100%, respectively.
Comment on "Deformations, relaxation and broken symmetries in liquids, solids and glasses: a unified topological field theory"
Creators: name: Bryk, Taras
name: Schirmacher, Walter
name: Ruocco, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a field-theoretical approach to liquids, solids and glasses, published recently [Phys.Rev.E {\bf105}, 034108 (2022)], which aims to describe these materials in a common quantum formalism. We argue that such quantum formalism is not applicable to classical liquids, and the results presented, which rely heavily on the concept of phase relaxation borrowed from quantum fluids, contradict the known hydrodynamic theory of classical liquids. In particular, the authors miss the important particle-number conservation law and the density fluctuations as hydrodynamic slow variable. Instead, the authors invoke Goldstone bosons as elementary hydrodynamic excitations. We point out that in a classical liquid there are no broken continuous symmetries and consequently no Goldstone bosons. The authors claim that the Goldstone bosons would be responsible for the existence of sound in liquids, instead of resulting from combined particle-number and momentum conservation, a fact well documented in fluid-mechanics textbooks.
description: 3 pages, 0 figures
A Multiwavelength Study of Active Galactic Nuclei in Post-Merger Remnants
Creators: name: Li, Wenhao
name: Nair, Preethi
name: Irwin, Jimmy
name: Ellison, Sara
name: Satyapal, Shobita
name: Drory, Niv
name: Jones, Amy
name: Keel, William
name: Masters, Karen
name: Stark, David
name: Ryan, Russell
name: Mukundan, Kavya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of galaxy mergers in triggering AGN in the nearby Universe. Our analysis is based on a sample of 79 post-merger remnant galaxies with deep X-ray observations from Chandra/XMM-Newton capable of detecting a low-luminosity AGN of > 10^40.5 erg s^-1. This sample is derived from a visually classified, volume-limited sample of 807 post-mergers identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14 with log M*/M_sun > 10.5 and 0.02 < z < 0.06. We find the X-ray AGN fraction in this sample is 55.7% +\- 5.6% compared to 23.6% +\- 2.8% for a mass and redshift matched non-interacting control sample. The multi-wavelength AGN fraction (identified as an AGN in one of X-ray, IR, radio or optical diagnostics) for post-mergers is 76.6% +\- 4.8% compared to 39.1% +\- 3.2% for controls. Thus post-mergers exhibit a high overall AGN fraction with an excess between 2 - 4 depending on the AGN diagnostics used. In addition, we find most optical, IR, and radio AGN are also identified as X-ray AGN while a large fraction of X-ray AGN are not identified in any other diagnostic. This highlights the importance of deep X-ray imaging to identify AGN. We find the X-ray AGN fraction of post-mergers is independent of stellar mass above log M*/M_sun > 10.5 unlike the trend seen in control galaxies. Overall, our results show that post-merger galaxies are a good tracer of the merger-AGN connection and strongly support the theoretical expectations that mergers trigger AGN.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 27 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables
Comparison of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry Platforms for the Identification of Gram-Negative Rods from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Creators: name: Alby, Kevin
name: Gilligan, Peter H.
name: Miller, Melissa B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We evaluated the performance of the Bruker Biotyper and the bioMérieux Vitek MS with both the SARAMIS v4.09 and Knowledge Base v2.0 databases for the identification of 203 non-glucose-fermenting Gram-negative rods that had previously been identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Including those that underwent repeat testing, 96.6%, 90.1%, and 93.6% of isolates, respectively, had identifications that agreed with the previous identification.
Comparisons of Australian Mental Health Distributions
Creators: name: Gunawan, David
name: Griffiths, William
name: Chotikapanich, Duangkamon
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Bayesian nonparametric estimates of Australian mental health distributions are obtained to assess how the mental health status of the population has changed over time, and to compare the mental health status of female/male and indigenous/non-indigenous population subgroups. First-order and secondorder stochastic dominance are used to compare distributions, with results presented in terms of the posterior probability of dominance and the posterior probability of no dominance. If a criterion for dominance is satisfied, then, in terms of that criterion, the mental health status of the dominant population is superior to that of the dominated population. If neither distribution is dominant, then the mental health status of neither population is superior in the same sense. Our results suggest mental health has deteriorated in recent years, that males' mental health status is better than that of females, and that non-indigenous health status is better than that of the indigenous population.
Comparison of the Biofire FilmArray RP, Genmark eSensor RVP, Luminex xTAG RVPv1, and Luminex xTAG RVP Fast Multiplex Assays for Detection of Respiratory Viruses
Creators: name: Popowitch, E. B.
name: O'Neill, S. S.
name: Miller, M. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: There are several U.S. FDA-cleared molecular respiratory virus panels available today, each with advantages and disadvantages. This study compares four multiplex panels, the BioFire Diagnostics FilmArray RP (respiratory panel), the GenMark Dx eSensor RVP (respiratory viral panel), the Luminex xTAG RVPv1, and the Luminex xTAG RVP fast. Three hundred specimens (200 retrospective and 100 consecutive) were tested using all four platforms to determine performance characteristics. The overall sensitivity and specificity, respectively, and 95% confidence interval (CI; in parentheses) for each panel were as follows: FilmArray RP, 84.5% (79.2, 88.6) and 100% (96.2, 100); eSensor RVP, 98.3% (95.5, 99.5) and 99.2% (95.4, 100); xTAG RVPv1, 92.7% (88.5, 95.4) and 99.8% (96.0, 100); and xTAG RVP fast, 84.4% (78.5, 88.9) and 99.9% (96.1, 100). The sensitivity of each assay fluctuated by viral target, with the greatest discrepancies noted for adenovirus and influenza virus B detection. Hands-on time and time to result were recorded and ease of use was assessed to generate a complete profile of each assay.
Percolation transition in phase separating active fluid
Creators: name: Sanoria, Monika
name: Chelakkot, Raghunath
name: Nandi, Amitabha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motility-induced phase separation exhibited by active particles with repulsive interactions is well known. We show that the interaction softness of active particles destabilizes the highly ordered dense phase, leading to the formation of a porous cluster which spans the system. This \emph{soft limit} can also be achieved if the particle motility is increased beyond a critical value, at which the system clearly exhibits all the characteristics of a standard percolation transition. We also show that in the athermal limit, active particles exhibit similar transitions even at low motility. With these additional new phases, the phase diagram of repulsive active particles is revealed to be richer than what was previously conceived.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Development of a Treatment Algorithm for Streptococci and Enterococci from Positive Blood Cultures Identified with the Verigene Gram-Positive Blood Culture Assay
Creators: name: Miller, Melissa B.
name: Weber, David J.
name: Daniels, Lindsay M.
name: Alby, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Seventy-eight blood cultures with a Gram stain result of Gram-positive cocci in pairs and/or chains were evaluated with the Nanosphere Verigene Gram-positive blood culture (BC-GP) assay. The overall concordance of the assay with culture was 89.7% (70/78 cultures), allowing for the development of a targeted treatment algorithm.
Правительница Елена Глинская и Московская элита
Creators: name: Шапошник Вячеслав Валентинович
Publisher: name: Палеоросия. Древняя Русь во времени, в личностях, в идеях
Year: 2016
Subjects: ЕЛЕНА ГЛИНСКАЯ
МИТРОПОЛИТ ДАНИИЛ
КНЯЗЬЯ ОБОЛЕНСКИЕ
КНЯЗЬЯ ЯРОСЛАВСКИЕ
РЕГЕНТСКИЙ СОВЕТ
ВЛАСТЬ
ELENA GLINSKAYA
METROPOLITAN DANIEL
THE PRINCES OBOLENSKY
PRINCES OF YAROSLAVL
THE REGENCY COUNCIL
POWER

description: В статье рассматривается вопрос о том, какие представители московской элиты поддерживали власть вдовой великой княгини Елены Васильевны Глинской. На основании широкого круга источников делается вывод о том, что правление Глинской опиралось на ее роль матери законного великого князя Ивана IV, поддержку Русской церкви во главе с митрополитом Даниилом, дьяческого аппарата, нетитулованных пред-ставителей старомосковского боярства и княжеские роды Оболенских и Ярославских, лично связанных с правительницей. Регентский совет, созданный перед смертью Васили-ем III, не играл в период правления Глинской сколько-нибудь существенной роли. Влия-ние сохраняли только отдельные его участники.The article deals with the question of which representatives of Moscow's elite sup-ported the power of the widowed Grand Duchess Elena Vasilyevna Glinskaya. On the basis of a wide range of sources the author concludes that Glinskaya relied on her role as the mother of the legitimate Grand Duke Ivan IV, the support of the Russian Church headed by Metropolitan Dan-iel, the apparatus of prince's scribes, the untitled representatives of the nobility and the ancient princely families of Obolenskys and Yaroslavskys who were personally linked to the ruler. The Regency Council, established before the death of Vasily III, did not play any significant role dur-ing the reign of Glinskaya, only few members of the Council were of any importance.
Simultaneous Detection of Major Drug Resistance Mutations in the Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Genes for HIV-1 Subtype C by Use of a Multiplex Allele-Specific Assay
Creators: name: Ndongmo, Clement B.
name: Zhou, Zhiyong
name: Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.
name: Sarr, Abdoulaye
name: DeVos, Joshua
name: Zulu, Isaac
name: Cai, Fangping
name: Weidle, Paul J.
name: Wagar, Nick
name: Diallo, Karidia
name: Nkengasong, John
name: Gao, Feng
name: Kagoli, Matthew
name: Sikazwe, Izukanji
name: Zhang, Guoqing
name: Wadonda-Kabondo, Nellie
name: Yang, Chunfu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: High-throughput, sensitive, and cost-effective HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) detection assays are needed for large-scale monitoring of the emergence and transmission of HIVDR in resource-limited settings. Using suspension array technology, we have developed a multiplex allele-specific (MAS) assay that can simultaneously detect major HIVDR mutations at 20 loci. Forty-five allele-specific primers tagged with unique 24-base oligonucleotides at the 5′ end were designed to detect wild-type and mutant alleles at the 20 loci of HIV-1 subtype C. The MAS assay was first established and optimized with three plasmid templates (C-wt, C-mut1, and C-mut2) and then evaluated using 148 plasma specimens from HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals. All the wild-type and mutant alleles were unequivocally distinguished with plasmid templates, and the limits of detection were 1.56% for K219Q and K219E, 3.13% for L76V, 6.25% for K65R, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, K103R, Q151M, Y181C, and I47V, and 12.5% for M41L, K101P, K101E, V106A, V106M, Y115F, M184V, Y188L, G190A, V32I, I47A, I84V, and L90M. Analyses of 148 plasma specimens revealed that the MAS assay gave 100% concordance with conventional sequencing at eight loci and >95% (range, 95.21% to 99.32%) concordance at the remaining 12 loci. The differences observed were caused mainly by 24 additional low-abundance alleles detected by the MAS assay. Ultradeep sequencing analysis confirmed 15 of the 16 low-abundance alleles. This multiplex, sensitive, and straightforward result-reporting assay represents a new efficient genotyping tool for HIVDR surveillance and monitoring.