cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Martine Newby und Kenneth Painter (Hrsg.), Roman Glass. Two Centuries of Art and Invention
Creators: name: Sternini, Mara
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Martine Newby und Kenneth Painter (Hrsg.), Roman Glass. Two Centuries of Art and Invention. Occasional Papers of The Society of Antiquaries of London, Band 13. The Society of Antiquaries, London 1991. 177 Seiten, 38 Tafeln.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 194.1994: Bonner Jahrbücher
Modelocking and Femtosecond Pulse Generation in Chip-Based Frequency Combs
Creators: name: Saha, Kasturi
name: Okawachi, Yoshitomo
name: Shim, Bonggu
name: Levy, Jacob S.
name: Salem, Reza
name: Johnson, Adrea R.
name: Foster, Mark A.
name: Lamont, Michael R. E.
name: Lipson, Michal
name: Gaeta, Alexander L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Development of ultrashort pulse sources has had an immense impact on condensed-matter physics, biomedical imaging, high-field physics, frequency metrology, telecommunications, nonlinear optics, and molecular spectroscopy. Although numerous advancements of such sources have been made, it remains a challenge to create a highly compact, robust platform capable of producing femtosecond pulses over a wide range of wavelengths, durations, and repetition rates. Recent observations of frequency comb generation via cascaded parametric oscillation in microresonators11 suggest a path for achieving this goal. Here we investigate the temporal and spectral properties of parametric combs generated in silicon-nitride microresonators and observe a transition to passive modelocking of the comb consistent with soliton-pulse formation, resulting in the generation of 160-fs pulses at a 99-GHz repetition rate. This platform offers the prospect of producing pulses from 10 fs to a few ps at repetition rates from 10 GHz to > 1 THz and over a wavelength range of 0.8 - 6 μm.
Zur Produktion glasierter Keramik während der mittleren Kaiserzeit in der Provinz Germania Inferior. Zeugnisse aus Köln, Bonn und Soller
Creators: name: Höpken, Constanze
name: Döhner, Gregor
name: Fiedler, Manuel
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 209.2009(2011): Bonner Jahrbücher
Der Pfalzgrafenstein und die Kauber Zollstelle im Kontext der Zoll- und Territorialpolitik der Pfalzgrafen bei Rhein
Creators: name: Sebald, Eduard
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 47, Nr. 3 (2006): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
The Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás version of Lindenstrauss properties A and B
Creators: name: Aron, Richard
name: Choi, Yun Sung
name: Kim, Sun Kwang
name: Lee, Han Ju
name: Martin, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46B20, Secondary 46B04, 46B22

description: We study a Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás version of Lindenstrauss properties A and B. For domain spaces, we study Banach spaces $X$ such that $(X,Y)$ has the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property (BPBp) for every Banach space $Y$. We show that in this case, there exists a universal function $η_X(\varepsilon)$ such that for every $Y$, the pair $(X,Y)$ has the BPBp with this function. This allows us to prove some necessary isometric conditions for $X$ to have the property. We also prove that if $X$ has this property in every equivalent norm, then $X$ is one-dimensional. For range spaces, we study Banach spaces $Y$ such that $(X,Y)$ has the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property for every Banach space $X$. In this case, we show that there is a universal function $η_Y(\varepsilon)$ such that for every $X$, the pair $(X,Y)$ has the BPBp with this function. This implies that this property of $Y$ is strictly stronger than Lindenstrauss property B. The main tool to get these results is the study of the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property for $c_0$-, $\ell_1$- and $\ell_\infty$-sums of Banach spaces.
description: Minor changes; accepted for publication in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
Well-Posedness and Exponential Stability of Nonlinear Maxwell Equations for Dispersive Materials with Interface
Creators: name: Dohnal, Tomáš
name: Ionescu-Tira, Mathias
name: Waurick, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q61, 35R09, 78A48, 35B35

description: In this paper we consider an abstract Cauchy problem for a Maxwell system modelling electromagnetic fields in the presence of an interface between optical media. The electric polarization is in general time-delayed and nonlinear, turning the macroscopic Maxwell equations into a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations. Within the framework of evolutionary equations, we obtain well-posedness in function spaces exponentially weighted in time and of different spatial regularity and formulate various conditions on the material functions, leading to exponential stability on a bounded domain.
Restauratorische Arbeiten am Pfalzgrafenstein
Creators: name: Keller, Karen
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 47, Nr. 3 (2006): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Modeling and Analysis of Pedestrian Flows
Creators: name: Khaddar, Romesh
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2014

description: According to the Traveler Opinion and Perception Survey of 2005, about 107.4 million Americans regularly use walking as a mode of transport during their commute, which amounts for 51% of the total American population. In 2009, 4092 pedestrian fatalities were reported nationwide, out of 59,000 pedestrian crashes. This amounts for 12% of the fatalities in the total traffic accidents recorded, and shows an over-representation of pedestrians incidents. Thus, it is imperative to understand the causes behind such statistics, and conduct a comprehensive research on pedestrian walking behavior and their interaction with surroundings.
A lot of researches on pedestrian flows have been conducted with respect to crowd dynamics in various situations like evacuation simulations. In this thesis, we investigate the Hughes model for pedestrian flows, which is governed by a coupled system of a scalar conservation law and an eikonal equation. The Hughes model considers the pedestrians as a continuum fluid and describes the motion of pedestrians in adensely crowded region. For the one-dimensional Hughes model with a single turning point (the origin), the governing equation can be be decomposed into two classical conservation laws on two sub-domains around the origin. We study various commonly observed interactions of pedestrian flows for tracking and understanding their movement on a mesoscopic level.
In this thesis, the conservation law for pedestrian flows and the Hughes model are introduced in Chapter 2. We then summarize some existing theoretical work on the well posedness and existence of the entropy solutions of the Hughes model in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, we study the one-dimensional Hughes model with a single turning point (the origin) and the given pedestrian potential which governs pedestrian flow tendency around the origin, and investigate 18 different cases. An interesting phenomena of dual shocks is observed, and remains to be investigated further in the future work.
Dilepton production at SIS energies with the GiBUU transport model
Creators: name: Weil, Janus
name: Mosel, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present dilepton spectra from nucleus-nucleus collisions at SIS energies, which were simulated with the GiBUU transport model in a resonance-model approach. These spectra are compared to the data published by the HADES collaboration. We argue that the interpretation of dilepton spectra at SIS energies critically depends on the couplings between the ρ meson and the baryonic resonances.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; FAIRNESS 2012 proceedings
Layer-oriented adaptive optics for solar telescopes
Creators: name: Kellerer, Aglae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First multi-conjugate adaptive-optical (MCAO) systems are currently being installed on solar telescopes. The aim of these systems is to increase the corrected field-of-view with respect to conventional adaptive optics. However, this first generation is based on a star-oriented approach, and it is then difficult to increase the size of the field-of-view beyond 60"-80" in diameter. We propose to implement the layer-oriented approach in solar MCAO by use of wide-field Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors conjugated to the strongest turbulent layers. The wavefront distortions are averaged over a wide-field: the signal from distant turbulence is attenuated and the tomographic reconstruction is thus done optically. The system consists of independent correction loops, that only need to account for local turbulence: the sub-apertures can be enlarged and the correction frequency reduced. Most importantly, a star-oriented MCAO system becomes more complex with increasing field size, while the layer-oriented approach benefits from larger fields - and will therefore be an attractive solution for the future generation of solar MCAO systems.
description: Applied Optics, in press
Do High-Velocity Clouds trace the Dark Matter subhalo population?
Creators: name: Ploeckinger, Sylvia
name: Hensler, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the cosmological concordance model, Cold Dark Matter (CDM) subhalos form the building blocks which merge hierarchically to more massive galaxies. Since intergalactic gas is accreted by massive galaxies, observable e.g. as high- velocity clouds (HVCs) around the Milky Way, with extremely low metallicities, these can be suggested to represent the baryonic content of primordial Dark Matter (DM) subhalos. Another possibility of their origin is that they stem from disrupted satellite galaxies, but in this case, these gas clouds move unaccompanied by a bound DM structure. Since HVCs are observed with long gas tails and with irregular substructures, numerical models are performed aiming at exploring their structure and compare them with observations. If HVCs are engulfed by DM subhalos, their gas must leave the DM gravitational potential and reflect this in their dynamics. On the other hand, the evolution and survival of pure gas models must be tested to distinguish between DM-dominated and DM-free clouds and to allow conclusions on their origin. The models demonstrate that purely baryonic HVCs with low masses are disrupted by ram-pressure stripping and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, while more massive ones survive, losing their initially spherical shape and develop significant substructures including cometary elongations in the column density distribution ("head-tail structure"). On the contrary, HVCs with DM subhalos survive with more than 90% of their gas mass still bound and spherically shaped, approaching the Galactic disk like bullets. In addition, we find that velocity gradients along the cometary head-tail structures does not necessarily offer a possibility to distinguish between DM-dominated and purely gaseous HVCs. Comparison of models with observations let us conclude that HVCs are not embedded in a DM substructure and do not trace the cosmological subhalo population.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Soriculus salenskii Kastschenko 1907
Creators: name: Hutterer, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Soricidae
Soriculus
Soriculus salenskii

description: Soriculus salenskii Kastschenko, 1907. Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 10:253. TYPE LOCALITY: China, Sichuan, "Lun-ngan'-fu" (= Liangfu). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality in N Sichuan. COMMENTS: Subgenus Chodsigoa. Related to smithii.
description: Published as part of Rainer Hutterer, 1993, Order Insectivora, pp. 69-130 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353085
Context Matters: A Strategy to Pre-train Language Model for Science Education
Creators: name: Liu, Zhengliang
name: He, Xinyu
name: Liu, Lei
name: Liu, Tianming
name: Zhai, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study aims at improving the performance of scoring student responses in science education automatically. BERT-based language models have shown significant superiority over traditional NLP models in various language-related tasks. However, science writing of students, including argumentation and explanation, is domain-specific. In addition, the language used by students is different from the language in journals and Wikipedia, which are training sources of BERT and its existing variants. All these suggest that a domain-specific model pre-trained using science education data may improve model performance. However, the ideal type of data to contextualize pre-trained language model and improve the performance in automatically scoring student written responses remains unclear. Therefore, we employ different data in this study to contextualize both BERT and SciBERT models and compare their performance on automatic scoring of assessment tasks for scientific argumentation. We use three datasets to pre-train the model: 1) journal articles in science education, 2) a large dataset of students' written responses (sample size over 50,000), and 3) a small dataset of students' written responses of scientific argumentation tasks. Our experimental results show that in-domain training corpora constructed from science questions and responses improve language model performance on a wide variety of downstream tasks. Our study confirms the effectiveness of continual pre-training on domain-specific data in the education domain and demonstrates a generalizable strategy for automating science education tasks with high accuracy. We plan to release our data and SciEdBERT models for public use and community engagement.
Hans-Henning Grote, Schloss Wolfenbüttel. Residenz der Herzöge zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg
Creators: name: Meckseper, Cord
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Hans-Henning Grote unter Beteiligung von Elmar Arnhold,
Mark Heyer, Hans Christian Mempel, Simon Paulus und Holger Wittig, Schloss Wolfenbüttel. Residenz der Herzöge zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg. Braunschweig: Appelhans Verlag 2005, 256 Seiten mit 212 farbigen und schwarz-weißen Abbildungen und Plänen, gebunden. ISBN 3-937664-32-7
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 47, Nr. 3 (2006): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Fractal Patterns in the Parameter Space of Bi-stable Duffing Oscillator
Creators: name: Hasan, Md Nahid
name: Greenwood, Taylor E.
name: Parker, Robert G.
name: Wang, Pai
name: Kong, Yong Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dissipative bi-stable Duffing oscillator with equal energy wells and observe fractal patterns in the parameter space of driving frequency, forcing amplitude, and damping ratio. Our numerical investigation reveals the Hausdorff fractal dimension of the boundaries that separate the oscillator's intra-well and inter-well behaviors. Furthermore, we categorize the inter-well behaviors as three steady-state types: switching, reverting, and vacillating. While fractal patterns in the phase space are well-known and heavily studied, our results point to a new research direction about fractal patterns in the parameter space. Another implication of this study is that the vibration of a continuous bi-stable system modeled using a single-mode approximation also manifests fractal patterns in the parameter space. In addition, our findings can guide the design of next-generation bi-stable and multi-stable mechanical metamaterials.
Adaptive function estimation in nonparametric regression with one-sided errors
Creators: name: Jirak, Moritz
name: Meister, Alexander
name: Reiß, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the model of nonregular nonparametric regression where smoothness constraints are imposed on the regression function $f$ and the regression errors are assumed to decay with some sharpness level at their endpoints. The aim of this paper is to construct an adaptive estimator for the regression function $f$. In contrast to the standard model where local averaging is fruitful, the nonregular conditions require a substantial different treatment based on local extreme values. We study this model under the realistic setting in which both the smoothness degree $β>0$ and the sharpness degree $\mathfrak {a}\in(0,\infty)$ are unknown in advance. We construct adaptation procedures applying a nested version of Lepski's method and the negative Hill estimator which show no loss in the convergence rates with respect to the general $L_q$-risk and a logarithmic loss with respect to the pointwise risk. Optimality of these rates is proved for $\mathfrak{a}\in(0,\infty)$. Some numerical simulations and an application to real data are provided.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOS1248 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
New potentialities of the Liège intranuclear cascade (INCL) model for reactions induced by nucleons and light charged particles
Creators: name: Boudard, Alain
name: Cugnon, Joseph
name: David, Jean-Christophe
name: Leray, Sylvie
name: Mancusi, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new version (INCL4.6) of the Li`ege intranuclear cascade (INC) model for the description of spallation reactions is presented in detail. Compared to the standard version (INCL4.2), it incorporates several new features, the most important of which are: (i) the inclusion of cluster production through a dynamical phase space coalescence model, (ii) the Coulomb deflection for entering and outgoing charged particles, (iii) the improvement of the treatment of Pauli blocking and of soft collisions, (iv) the introduction of experimental threshold values for the emission of particles, (v) the improvement of pion dynamics, (vi) a detailed procedure for the treatment of light-cluster induced reactions taking care of the effects of binding energy of the nucleons inside the incident cluster and of the possible fusion reaction at low energy. Performances of the new model concerning nucleon-induced reactions are illustrated. Whenever necessary, the INCL4.6 model is coupled to the ABLA07 deexcitation model and the respective merits of the two models are then tentatively disentangled. Good agreement is generally obtained in the 200 MeV-2 GeV range. Below 200 MeV and down to a few tens of MeV, the total reaction cross section is well reproduced and differential cross sections are reasonably well described. The model is also tested for light-ion induced reactions at low energy, below 100 MeV incident energy per nucleon. Beyond presenting the update of the INCL4.2 model, attention has been paid to applications of the new model to three topics for which some particular aspects are discussed for the first time: production of clusters heavier than alpha particles, longitudinal residue recoil velocity and its fluctuations, total reaction cross section and the residue production cross sections for low energy incident light ions.
description: 29 pages, 26 figures
Nuclear electric dipole moment of three-body system
Creators: name: Song, Young-Ho
name: Lazauskas, Rimantas
name: Gudkov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear electric dipole moments of $^{3}He$ and $^{3}H$ are calculated using Time Reversal Invariance Violating (TRIV) potentials based on the meson exchange theory, as well as the ones derived by using pionless and pionful effective field theories, with nuclear wave functions obtained by solving Faddeev equations in configuration space for the complete Hamiltonians comprising both TRIV and realistic strong interactions. The obtained results are compared with the previous calculations of $^{3}He$ EDM and with time reversal invariance violating effects in neutron-deuteron scattering.
Optical floating zone growth of high-quality Cu2MnAl single crystals
Creators: name: Neubauer, Andreas
name: Jonietz, Florian
name: Meven, Martin
name: Georgii, Robert
name: Brandl, Georg
name: Behr, Gunther
name: Böni, Peter
name: Pfleiderer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the growth of large single-crystals of Cu2MnAl, a ferromagnetic Heusler compound suitable for polarizing neutron monochromators, by means of optical floating zone under ultra-high vacuum compatible conditions. Unlike Bridgman or Czochralsky grown Cu2MnAl, our floating zone grown single-crystals show highly reproducible magnetic properties and an excellent crystal quality with a narrow and homogeneous mosaic spread as examined by neutron diffraction. An investigation of the polarizing properties in neutron scattering suggests a high polarization efficiency, limited by the relatively small sample dimensions studied. Our study identifies optical floating zone under ultra-high vacuum compatible conditions as a highly reproducible method to grow high-quality single-crystals of Cu2MnAl.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
What can one learn about Fe-Cr alloys using Mössbauer spectroscopy?
Creators: name: Dubiel, Stanislaw M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applications of the Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) in the investigation of Fe-Cr alloys are reviewed. A high sensitivity of the hyperfine magnetic field to the presence of Cr atoms in the vicinity of the probe Fe atoms permits quantitative investigation of various aspects related both to the crystallographic as well as to the magnetic phase diagram of this alloy system. Concerning the former, presented is the relevance of MS for determining borders of the miscibility gap and kinetics of the phase decomposition, distinguishing between nucleation and growth and spinodal decomposition, identifying the sigma-phase and studying kinetics of its precipitation. Regarding the magnetic phase diagram, MS is useful for determining the Curie, the Néel and the spin-freezing temperature, hence studying paramagnetic-ferromagnetic, paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic-spin-glass transitions. An effect of different heat treatments, strain and irradiation with various particles on a distribution of Cr atoms in the Fe matrix is demonstrated, too. For bcc-FeCr alloys relevance of MS for determining changes in spin and charge densities at Fe-sites induced by neighboring Cr atoms is illustrated, as well as its usefulness in studying changes caused by a high-temperature sulphidation and oxidation. Concerning properties of sigma-FeCr alloys the application of MS for determining the Curie and Debye temperature is reviewed. Application of MS to study an effect of magnetism on the lattice dynamics of Fe atoms in sigma-FeCr is also exemplified. Last but not least, determining a magnetic texture and mechanical alloying is addressed.
description: 98 pages, 78 figures, 3 tables, 160 references
Adaptive Optics Observations of the Galactic Center Young Stars
Creators: name: Yelda, S.
name: Ghez, A. M.
name: Lu, J. R.
name: Do, T.
name: Meyer, L.
name: Morris, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adaptive Optics observations have dramatically improved the quality and versatility of high angular resolution measurements of the center of our Galaxy. In this paper, we quantify the quality of our Adaptive Optics observations and report on the astrometric precision for the young stellar population that appears to reside in a stellar disk structure in the central parsec. We show that with our improved astrometry and a 16 year baseline, including 10 years of speckle and 6 years of laser guide star AO imaging, we reliably detect accelerations in the plane of the sky as small as 70 microarcsec/yr/yr (~2.5 km/s/yr) and out to a projected radius from the supermassive black hole of 1.5" (~0.06 pc). With an increase in sensitivity to accelerations by a factor of ~6 over our previous efforts, we are able to directly probe the kinematic structure of the young stellar disk, which appears to have an inner radius of 0.8". We find that candidate disk members are on eccentric orbits, with a mean eccentricity of < e > = 0.30 +/- 0.07. Such eccentricities cannot be explained by the relaxation of a circular disk with a normal initial mass function, which suggests the existence of a top-heavy IMF or formation in an initially eccentric disk.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012
„Burg und Herrschaft“
Creators: name: Atzbach, Rainer
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 51, Nr. 1 (2010): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Anomalous diffusion of driven particles in supercooled liquids
Creators: name: Schroer, Carsten F. E.
name: Heuer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed non-equilibrium dynamics simulations of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture in which an external force is applied on a single tagged particle. For the diffusive properties of this particle parallel to the force superdiffusive behavior at intermediate times as well as giant long-time diffusivity is observed. A quantitative description of this non-trivial behavior is given by a continuous time random walk analysis of the system in configuration space. We further demonstrate, that the same physical properties which are responsible for the superdiffusivity in non-equilibrium systems also determine the non-Gaussian parameter in equilibrium systems.
title: Diatom Frustules as a Mechanical Defense Against Predation by Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates
Creators: name: Spillane, Tyler
Publisher: name: Western Washington University
Year: 2016

description:
Diatoms contribute up to 40% of the total primary production in the ocean and heavily influence the cycling of carbon and silica. Much of their success results from their silica frustule, which may provide a mechanical defense against grazers. In this study, I sought to determine the possible defense mechanism of the diatom’s frustule in the presence of one of their dominant grazers, heterotrophic dinoflagellates. I grew two species of diatoms, Thalassiosira rotula and Coscinodiscus radiatus, in semicontinuous culture with 80 μM or 20 μM silicic acid. Based on a 2-fold higher BSi cell-1, BSi:C, and BSi:N, this culture method successfully resulted in diatoms of both species with thick and thin frustules. I performed three predation experiments to determine if frustule thickness would affect predator ingestion, digestion or growth rate. I first fed thick and thin T. rotula to Gyrodinium spirale and measured ingestion and growth rate over 48 hr. I found no difference in ingestion rate between the thick and thin treatments, however G. spirale grew significantly slower on the thick-frustuled diatoms. I then fed thick and thin C. radiatus to Noctiluca scintillans, measuring ingestion rate in one experiment and digestion rate in a second. I found no difference in predator ingestion rate at the end of the 4 hr experiment. However, I did observe a significantly lower predator digestion rate when feeding on the thick-frustuled diatoms. The results strongly suggest that the frustule is providing a defense to the diatoms by slowing the predator’s digestion rate, which then decreases their population growth rate. This is the first reported evidence in favor of diatom frustules as a means of defense against microzooplankton. As such, this proposed mechanism has important implications for diatom bloom dynamics as well as global carbon and silica cycling.
Initial validation of a soil-based mass-balance approach for empirical monitoring of enhanced rock weathering rates
Creators: name: Reershemius, Tom
name: Kelland, Mike E.
name: Jordan, Jacob S.
name: Davis, Isabelle R.
name: D'Ascanio, Rocco
name: Kalderon-Asael, Boriana
name: Asael, Dan
name: Suhrhoff, T. Jesper
name: Epihov, Dimitar Z.
name: Beerling, David J.
name: Reinhard, Christopher T.
name: Planavsky, Noah J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) is a promising scalable and cost-effective Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) strategy with significant environmental and agronomic co-benefits. A major barrier to large-scale implementation of ERW is a robust Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) framework. To successfully quantify the amount of carbon dioxide removed by ERW, MRV must be accurate, precise, and cost-effective. Here, we outline a mass-balance-based method where analysis of the chemical composition of soil samples is used to track in-situ silicate rock weathering. We show that signal-to-noise issues of in-situ soil analysis can be mitigated by using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry to reduce analytical error. We implement a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating the method in controlled mesocosms. In our experiment, basalt rock feedstock is added to soil columns containing the cereal crop Sorghum bicolor at a rate equivalent to 50 t ha$^{-1}$. Using our approach, we calculate rock weathering corresponding to an average initial CDR value of 1.44 +/- 0.27 tCO$_2$eq ha$^{-1}$ from our experiments after 235 days, within error of an independent estimate calculated using conventional elemental budgeting of reaction products. Our method provides a robust time-integrated estimate of initial CDR, to feed into models that track and validate large-scale carbon removal through ERW.
title: Climatic Drivers of Western Spruce Budworm Outbreaks in the Okanogan Highlands
Creators: name: Ellis, Todd M.
Publisher: name: Western Washington University
Year: 2016

description:
The western spruce budworm is recognized as the most ecologically- and economically-damaging defoliator in western North America. Like other defoliating insects, the western spruce budworm consumes the needles of host tree species like the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), causing limb and tree mortality, regeneration delays, and reduction in tree growth rates. Synchronous western spruce budworm outbreaks can occur over much of a host species' range, and we need a better understanding of the mechanisms driving the species’ population dynamics in order to predict climate change effects, mitigate ecological and resource management impacts, and understand ecosystem dynamics. To contribute to our understanding of this species' outbreak dynamics, we used dendrochronological methods to reconstruct multicentury outbreak records for four sites in the Okanogan Highlands of central Washington State. By comparing these reconstructed records to historical and reconstructed regional drought data, we were able to test drought history as a potential driving factor of western spruce budworm population dynamics, as well as see how human impact may be affecting these population dynamics. Outbreak synchrony was found to increase after the late 19th century, possibly due to anthropogenic factors. This change is more readily apparent as the intensity of outbreaks increases. Drought records show that outbreaks tend to occur as the drought severity decreases, and moisture availability increases. As the variability of climate conditions is projected to increase, trending towards warm and dry conditions, the intensity and frequency of high-intensity western spruce budworm outbreaks could likely increase as well.
FuzzyPPI: Human Proteome at Fuzzy SemanticSpace
Creators: name: Halder, Anup Kumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80301 Bioinformatics Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computation Theory and Mathematics
subject: 80603 Conceptual Modelling
subject: 80705 Informetrics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80109 Pattern Recognition and Data Mining
subject: 80108 Neural, Evolutionary and Fuzzy Computation
subject: Distributed Computing

description: Large scale protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of an organism provides key insights into the cellular and molecular functionalities, signaling pathways and underlying disease mechanisms. If we consider the complete interactome of any given organism, the total number of unexplored protein interactions significantly outnumbers the known positive and negative interactions. For Human 20,350 reviewed proteins can generate over ~207 million potential interactions. However, the combination of all known PPI datasets, contains only ~5.6 million positive and ~758k negative protein-protein interactions (NPPI), that together is ~3.1% what is more, conventional PPI prediction methods produce binary results. At the same time recent studies show that protein binding affinities may prove to be effective in detecting protein complexes, disease association analysis, signaling network reconstruction, etc. In this work we present a fuzzy semantic scoring function using the Gene Ontology (GO) graphs to assess the binding affinity between any two proteins at an organism level. We have implemented a distributed algorithm in Apache Spark that computes this function and processed the complete Human PPI network of ~182 million potential interactions resulting from 19,106 reviewed proteins for which GO annotations are available. The quality of the computed scores has been validated with respect to the available state-of-the-art methods on benchmark data sets.
Graph-Theoretic Analyses and Model Reduction for an Open Jackson Queueing Network
Creators: name: Zhu, Chenyan
name: Roy, Sandip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A graph-theoretic analysis of the steady-state behavior of an open Jackson queueing network is developed. In particular, a number of queueing-network performance metrics are shown to exhibit a spatial dependence on local drivers (e.g. increments to local exogenous arrival rates), wherein the impacts fall off across graph cutsets away from a target queue. This graph-theoretic analysis is also used to motivate a structure-preserving model reduction algorithm, and an algorithm that exactly matches performance statistics of the original model is proposed. The graph-theoretic results and model-reduction method are evaluated via simulations of an example queueing-network model.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, this paper submitted to ACC2023
[Inhalt]
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 51, Nr. 2 (2010): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
title: Screening for the Novel Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia Wiggsiae among Orthodontic Patients
Creators: name: Whiteley, Adam
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2018

description: Screening for the Novel Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae among Orthodontic Patients
by
Adam Whiteley
Dr. Karl Kingsley, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Biomedical Sciences University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Dental Medicine
The recent discovery of a novel cariogenic pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae has led many scientists and oral health researchers to re-evaluate and re-examine existing saliva repositories to determine the prevalence among patient populations. Recent efforts at this institution have used existing saliva samples to determine the prevalence among both adults and pediatric patients. These studies have revealed this organism may be found in approximately one-quarter of all samples tested.
However, the introduction of orthodontic brackets has traditionally increased the risk of caries lesions and the growth of cariogenic organisms – which may suggest the prevalence of this organism may be different among orthodontic patient populations. To determine if any differences could be found among the adult and pediatric orthodontic patient population, retrospective screenings of previously collected orthodontic patient saliva were performed. These studies revealed a similar but slightly lower prevalence among adult orthodontic patients but a much higher (almost twice) prevalence among pediatric orthodontic patients.
Although these data have been generated from retrospective analysis of existing saliva repositories, the results to date strongly suggest an inverse, age-dependent relationship between orthodontic treatment and Scardovia prevalence. Higher percentages of pediatric (younger) orthodontic patients in both studies harbored this organism, while no similar finding was observed among adult orthodontic patients
Due to the recent discovery of Scardovia wiggsiae, few studies have gathered sufficient information to provide information regarding prevalence – particularly among high-risk populations. The combined data from each of the five studies at this institution provide strong evidence that prevalence is similar among pediatric and adult populations, however those pediatric patients undergoing orthodontic therapy and treatment may exhibit much higher prevalence of this organism for reasons that have yet to be elucidated. More research will be needed to discovery the underlying reasons for these findings and to determine if the presence (or absence) of this organism may be related to higher or lower caries risk.
Cu(c)cagna – „Schlaraffenland“ der Burgenarchäologie im Osten des Friaul (Norditalien)
Creators: name: Grönwald, Holger
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 51, Nr. 2 (2010): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Do hierarchical structures assemble best via hierarchical pathways?
Creators: name: Haxton, Thomas K.
name: Whitelam, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hierarchically structured natural materials possess functionalities unattainable to the same components organized or mixed in simpler ways. For instance, the bones and teeth of mammals are far stronger and more durable than the mineral phases from which they are derived because their constituents are organized hierarchically from the molecular scale to the macroscale. Making similarly functional synthetic hierarchical materials will require an understanding of how to promote the self-assembly of structure on multiple lengthscales, without falling foul of numerous possible kinetic traps. Here we use computer simulation to study the self-assembly of a simple hierarchical structure, a square crystal lattice whose repeat unit is a tetramer. Although the target material is organized hierarchically, it self-assembles most reliably when its dynamic assembly pathway consists of the sequential addition of monomers to a single structure. Hierarchical dynamic pathways via dimer and tetramer intermediates are also viable modes of assembly, but result in general in lower yield: these intermediates have a stronger tendency than monomers to associate in ways not compatible with the target structure. In addition, assembly via tetramers results in a kinetic trap whereby material is sequestered in trimers that cannot combine to form the target crystal. We use analytic theory to relate dynamical pathways to the presence of equilibrium phases close in free energy to the target structure, and to identify the thermodynamic principles underpinning optimum self-assembly in this model: 1) make the free energy gap between the target phase and the most stable fluid phase of order kT, and 2) ensure that no other dense phases (liquids or close-packed solids of monomers or oligomers) or fluids of incomplete building blocks fall within this gap.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Vom Nutzen der Denkmäler für die Gesellschaft
Creators: name: Mainzer, Udo
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 51, Nr. 3 (2010): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
A Middle Pueblo II Production Zone for Shivwits Ware Ceramics: Implications for Understanding Settlement Patterns and Socio-Environmental Responses on the Shivwits Plateau
Creators: name: Willis, William Morrow
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2018

description: The distribution of ceramics from upland regions in Northern Arizona into Southern Nevada is one of the many curiosities concerning the Virgin Branch Puebloan culture. From the Shivwits Plateau, it is more than 100 kilometers to the Moapa Valley, yet Shivwits Wares make up a sizeable proportion of sherds found at many lowland sites. These networks appear to reach their height in the Middle Pueblo II period and then collapse sometime around AD 1150. The reason for this is not yet fully understood; however, research performed on the southern end of the Shivwits Plateau concerning landscape usage and settlement placement suggests that the collapse of the distribution networks is coincident with possible changes in subsistence strategies. These changes coincide with climate anomalies that occur prior to the secession of Puebloan culture traits in the region.
Topological relics of symmetry breaking: Winding numbers and scaling tilts from random vortex-antivortex pairs
Creators: name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I show that random distributions of vortex-antivortex pairs (rather than of individual vortices) lead to scaling of typical winding numbers W trapped inside a loop of circumference C with the square root of C when the expected winding numbers are large. Such scaling is consistent with the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). By contrast, distribution of individual vortices with randomly assigned topological charges would result in the dispersion of W scaling with the square root of the area inside C. Scaling of the dispersion of W and of the probability of detection of non-zero W with C can be also studied for loops so small that non-zero windings are rare. In this case I show a doubling of the scaling of dispersion with C when compared to the scaling of dispersion in the large W regime. Moreover, probability of trapping of a non-zero W becomes, in this case, proportional to the area subtended by C (hence, to the square of circumference). This quadruples, as compared with large winding numbers regime, the exponent in the power law dependence of the frequency of trapping of W=+1 or W=-1 on C. Such change of the power law exponent by a FACTOR OF FOUR implies quadrupling of the scaling of the frequency of winding number trapping with the quench rate, and is of key importance for experimental tests of KZM.
description: Improvements in the presentation (including extended title) throughout. Conclusions (e.g., scalings in Fig. 2) unchanged
SDSS J102623.61+254259.5: the second most distant blazar at z=5.3
Creators: name: Sbarrato, T.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Nardini, M.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
name: Foschini, L.
name: Ghirlanda, G.
name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Greiner, J.
name: Rau, A.
name: Gehrels, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio-loud quasar SDSS J102623.61+254259.5, at a redshift z=5.3, is one of the most distant radio-loud objects. Since its radio flux exceeds 100 mJy at a few GHz, it is also one of the most powerful radio-loud sources. We propose that this source is a blazar, i.e. we are seeing its jet at a small viewing angle. This claim is based on the spectral energy distribution of this source, and especially on its strong and hard X-ray spectrum, as seen by Swift, very typical of powerful blazars. Observations by the Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (GROND) and by theWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) allow to establish the thermal nature of the emission in the near IR-optical band. Assuming that this is produced by a standard accretion disk, we derive that it emits a luminosity of L_d \simeq 9 \times 10^46 erg s^{-1} and that the black hole has a mass between 2 and 5 billion solar masses. This poses interesting constraints on the mass function of heavy (> 10^9 M_sun) black holes at high redshifts.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
[Inhalt]
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 52, Nr. 1 (2011): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege