cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Technical, Allocative, and Economic Efficiency in Swedish Dairy Farms: The Data Envelopment Analysis Versus the Stochastic Frontier Approach
Creators: name: Johansson, Helena
name: Johansson, Helena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: technical efficiency
subject: allocative efficiency
subject: economic efficiency
subject: data envelopment analysis
subject: stochastic frontier approach

description: Technical, allocative, and economic input efficiency scores were estimated for an unbalanced panel of Swedish dairy farms, using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the stochastic frontier approach (SFA). By comparing the results it was concluded that when the entire dairy farm is studied the DEA is more appropriate to use since it does not require any particular parametric form to be chosen. The average DEA technical, allocative and economic efficiency indices were eventually found to be 0.77, 0.57, and 0.43 respectively. The influence of size on the efficiency scores was analyzed and significant evidence indicating a positive relationship between size and efficiency was found. Finally it was concluded that the main challenge facing the Swedish dairy farms is to enhance their cost minimizing skills.
Modeling the chronologies and size distributions of Ceres and Vesta craters
Creators: name: Roig, Fernando
name: Nesvorný, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We infer the crater chronologies of Ceres and Vesta from a self-consistent dynamical model of asteroid impactors. The model accounts for planetary migration/instability early in the solar system history and tracks asteroid orbits over 4.56 Gy. It is calibrated on the current population of the asteroid belt. The model provides the number of asteroid impacts on different worlds at any time throughout the solar system history. We combine the results with an impactor-crater scaling relationship to determine the crater distribution of Ceres and Vesta and compare these theoretical predictions with observations. We find that: (i) The Ceres and Vesta chronologies are similar, whereas they significantly differ from the lunar chronology. Therefore, using the lunar chronology for main belt asteroids, as often done in previous publications, is incorrect. (ii) The model results match the number and size distribution of large (diameter $>90$ km) craters observed on Vesta, but overestimate the number of large craters on Ceres. This implies that large crater erasure is required for Ceres. (iii) In a model where planetary migration/instability happens early, the probability to form the Rheasilvia basin on Vesta during the last 1 Gy is 10\%, a factor of $\sim1.5$ higher than for the late instability case and $\sim2.5$ times higher than found in previous studies. Thus, while the formation of the Rheasilvia at $\sim1$ Gy ago (Ga) would be somewhat unusual, it cannot be ruled out at more than $\simeq1.5σ$. In broader context, our work provides a self-consistent framework for modeling asteroid crater records.
Multiple helium abundances in Globular Clusters stars: Consequences for the Horizontal Branch and RR Lyrae
Creators: name: D'Antona, Francesca
name: Ventura, Paolo
name: Caloi, Vittoria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most inhomogeneities in the chemical composition of GC stars are due to primordial enrichment. The model today most credited is that the winds lost by high mass Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, evolving during the first $\simlt$200Myr of the Clusters life, directly form a second generation of stars with abundance anomalies. The best indirect hint towards this suggestion is the recognition that some peculiarities in the Horizontal Branch (HB) stars distribution (blue tails, gaps, anomalous luminosity slope of the flat part of the HB) can be attributed to the larger helium abundance in the matter, processed through Hot Bottom Burning, from which these stars are born. The model has been reinforced by finding a peculiar main sequence distribution in the cluster NGC 2808, which also has a bimodal HB distribution and an extended blue tail: the excess of blue objects on the main sequence has been interpreted as stars with very high helium. We remark that the RR Lyr distribution may be affected by the helium spread, and this can be at the basis of the very long periods of the RRab variables of the metal rich clusters NGC 6388 and NGC 6441, longer than for the very metal poor Oosterhoff II clusters. These periods imply that the RR Lyr are brighter than expected for their metallicities, consistent with a larger helium abundance.
description: paper presented at the meeting "Stellar Pulsations and Evolution", Monteporzio, June 19-24, 2005
Do Cooperative Banks Really Serve Agricultural Sector in Poland?
Creators: name: Zawojska, Aldona
name: Siudek, Tomasz
name: Zawojska, Aldona
name: Siudek, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: cooperative banks
subject: agricultural sector
subject: Poland

description: The aim of the paper is to assess the potential of cooperative banks for serving agricultural sector in Poland and to identify the areas with the most development potential. We discuss the transformation process in the cooperative banking system under market economy, and in particular investigate importance of cooperative banks for farms' financing on the basis of our survey of banks. Moreover, the role of cooperative banks in transmission of Government policy supporting farm sector in Poland is discussed. We find that despite growing competition from the commercial banking sector, farms and rural households in Poland are still of major importance for the cooperative banks in Poland.
Additional file 1 of Viscoelastometry for detecting oral anticoagulants
Creators: name: Groene, Philipp
name: Wagner, Daniela
name: Kammerer, Tobias
name: Kellert, Lars
name: Giebl, Andreas
name: Massberg, Steffen
name: Schäfer, Simon Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1 Supplemental Table 1A: Viscoelastometric and standard laboratory test results from the control group and the anticoagulant groups. Data are presented as median (interquartile range); p-values are for comparison with the control group. Supplemental Table 1B: Viscoelastometric CT results from the control group and the anticoagulant groups, with pooling of the FXa inhibitors. Data are presented as median (interquartile range); p-values are for comparison with the control group.
The Field Theory of Gravitation and The Rest Mass of Particles
Creators: name: Gershtein, S. S.
name: Logunov, A. A.
name: Mestvirishvili, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown in this work that all free physical fields should have a nonzero rest mass according to the field theory of gravitation.
description: 4 pages
Declining "Common" Agricultural Policy? CAP Reform of 2003 and Its National Implementation in the Member States
Creators: name: Halmai, Peter
name: Elekes, Andrea
name: Halmai, Peter
name: Elekes, Andrea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: CAP reform
subject: decoupling
subject: single farm payment

description: This paper focuses on the basic element of the 2003 CAP reform process: on the single farm payment and its national implementation models. We examine possible economic impacts (production distorting effects, redistribution, restructuring, resource allocation and effects on land market) of the basic SFP models. In sum, we can say that the 2003 CAP reform and the new support provide an opportunity to overcome some of the difficulties the CAP faces with. However, the wide range of national diversities threatens the principle of the single market, and transparency and operation of the common market organizations. As there is a wide range of possible constructions member states can decide for, the common nature of the CAP gets more and more questionable.
Dynamical Delocalization for the 1D Bernoulli Discrete Dirac Operator
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Cesar R.
name: Prado, Roberto A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q10

description: An 1D tight-binding version of the Dirac equation is considered; after checking that it recovers the usual discrete Schr?odinger equation in the nonrelativistic limit, it is found that for two-valued Bernoulli potentials the zero mass case presents absence of dynamical localization for specific values of the energy, albeit it has no continuous spectrum. For the other energy values (again excluding some very specific ones) the Bernoulli Dirac system is localized, independently of the mass.
description: 9 pages, no figures - J. Physics A: Math. Gen
Ultralong spin coherence times for rubidium atoms in solid parahydrogen via dynamical decoupling
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Sunil
name: Dargyte, Ugne
name: Patterson, David
name: Weinstein, Jonathan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherence time is an essential parameter for quantum sensing, quantum information, and quantum computation. In this work, we demonstrate electron spin coherence times as long as 0.1 s for an ensemble of rubidium atoms trapped in a solid parahydrogen matrix. We explore the underlying physics limiting the coherence time. The properties of these matrix isolated atoms are very promising for future applications, including quantum sensing of nuclear spins. If combined with efficient single-atom readout, this would enable NMR and magnetic resonance imaging of single molecules cotrapped with alkali-metal atom quantum sensors within a parahydrogen matrix.
Additional file 2 of Secreted factors from dental pulp stem cells improve Sjögren’s syndrome via regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression
Creators: name: Matsumura-Kawashima, Mayu
name: Ogata, Kenichi
name: Moriyama, Masafumi
name: Murakami, Yuka
name: Kawado, Tatsuya
name: Nakamura, Seiji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 2. Evaluation of the safety of BMMSC-CM and DPSC-CM. (A) Gross images of BMMSC-CM and DPSC-CM injection twice a week for 2 weeks in 15-week-old NOD mice. (B) Representative H&E-stained histological images of the kidney and pancreas of 15-week-old NOD mice. Bars = 50 μm.
Open Gulf Ecosystem
Creators: name: Chatziefthimiou, Dr. Aspa
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3103
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 37
subject: Earth sciences
classificationCode: 3707
subject: Hydrology
classificationCode: 3708
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4102
subject: Ecological applications

description: The Gulf has not always been submerged in water. Until about 18,000 years ago, it was a dry desert, like the countries that surround it are now. Slowly, river waters from Mesopotamia in the north and Saudi Arabia in the west, as well as Arabian Sea water flooded the Gulf to current sea levels to an average depth of 40 meters starting at about 8,000 years ago. This is the reason it is often referred to as a “young sea”. The Gulf is an extreme environment in which it is difficult to make a living because it is a very hot and saline sea. Despite this, there are many organisms that make the Gulf their permanent or seasonal home during periods of migration. In approximate numbers, there are 200 different species of fish; 79 species of marine mammals; 32 species of sharks; 25 species of rays; five species of sea turtles; 10 species of sea snakes; innumerable species of free-floating luminescent phytoplankton; and many others.Other InformationPublished in: Earthna publications reports
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
See educational resource on publisher's website: https://www.earthna.qa/publications/educational-materials/qatar-marine-ecosystem-lesson-plans
Editor: Ruba Hinnawi
Editorial board: Dr. Gonzalo Castro de la Mata, Sebastien P. Turbot, Dr. Alexandre Amato, Nihal. Mohamed Al-Saleh, Dr. Mona Matar Al-KuwariProject Identifier (PI): EEF-2023-003
Shell-model Structure of Exotic 135Sb
Creators: name: Coraggio, L.
name: Covello, A.
name: Gargano, A.
name: Itaco, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have provided new experimental information on the very neutron-rich nucleus 135Sb. We have performed a shell-model calculation for this nucleus using a realistic effective interaction derived from the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential. This gives a very good description of the observed properties of 135Sb. We show that the anomalously low position of the first excited state, J=5/2+, and the strongly hindered M1 transition to the ground state have their origin in the effective neutron-proton interaction.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, to be published on Physical Review C
Additional file 1 of Secreted factors from dental pulp stem cells improve Sjögren’s syndrome via regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression
Creators: name: Matsumura-Kawashima, Mayu
name: Ogata, Kenichi
name: Moriyama, Masafumi
name: Murakami, Yuka
name: Kawado, Tatsuya
name: Nakamura, Seiji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Flow cytometric analysis for CD8+CD25+, CD8+CD69+, or CD19+CD25+cells. No significant differences were observed between the DMEM (−), BMMSC-CM, and DPSC-CM groups. n.s.: not significant.
Analysis of the Socio-Economic Impact of the Tobacco CMO Reform on Italian Tobacco Sector
Creators: name: Arfini, Filippo
name: Donati, Michele
name: Menozzi, Davide
name: Arfini, Filippo
name: Donati, Michele
name: Menozzi, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: tobacco CMO
subject: CAP reform
subject: decoupling
subject: Positive Mathematical Programming

description: The Tobacco CMO (Common Market Organization) is involved in a intense debate between the European tobacco industry and those who are against to a crop whose transformed product is dangerous to the health. European institutions have shown a strong interest in this complex issue introducing two Reforms (1992 and 1998) and one revision in 2004. This paper aims to analyse and investigate the socio-economic impact of the tobacco CMO Reform of 2004 in Italy, across the scenarios proposed by the EC Commission (2004), both on the tobacco production and processing sector. The considered socio-economic indicators are harvested surfaces, farm income and overall employment, while the sample of farms used in this research belong to the FADN-Italy sample.
Heavy-quarkonium production at next-to-leading order
Creators: name: Kniehl, Bernd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent progress in the description of heavy-quarkonium production in 2->2 processes at next-to-leading order in the factorization framework of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics. Specifically, we consider the production of prompt charmonium in association with a hadron jet or a prompt photon in two-photon collisions and exclusive double-charmonium production in e^+e^- annihilation.
description: 6 pages; 3 figures; plenary talk presented at the International Conference on QCD and Hadronic Physics, Beijing, China, June, 16-20, 2005
QAYTA ISHLANGAN GO'SHT VA GO'SHT MAHSULOTLARI TARKIBI TAHLILI
Creators: name: Xaydarova, Sitora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Maqolada qayta ishlangan va ishlov berilgan go’sht va go’sht mahsulotlarining tarkibi tahlili, klassifikatsiyasi keltirilgan. Mamlakatimizda mavjud qayta ishlangan go’sht mahsulotining tarkibidagi moddalar holati, tarkibning tuzilishi, oziq-ovqat sanoatidagi o’rni berilgan. Butun jahonda go’sht mahsulotlarining holati tahlili amalga oshirilgan.
Agricultural Economics Education in Ukrainian Agricultural Universities: An Efficiency Analysis Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Creators: name: Lissitsa, Alexej
name: Coelli, Tim J.
name: Rao, D.S. Prasada
name: Lissitsa, Alexej
name: Coelli, Tim J.
name: Rao, D.S. Prasada
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: higher education
subject: Ukraine
subject: efficiency
subject: data envelopment analysis

description: Ukraine's transition from a centrally-planned to a market economy has had a profound effect upon its agricultural sector and agricultural universities. A substantial reduction in state financing has forced universities to adopt a range of survival strategies, with varying degrees of success. In this paper we use data envelopment analysis to examine the technical efficiency of 44 agricultural economics programs from 19 Ukrainian universities during the 2002/03 academic year. Our empirical results indicate wide disparities in performance, ranging from 36% to 100% technical efficiency. A second-stage analysis suggests that factors such as student demand, commercial activities and staff quality help explain a portion of this variation.
Inverted Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Singularity and High-Temperature Algebraic Order in an Ising Model on a Scale-Free Hierarchical-Lattice Small-World Network
Creators: name: Hinczewski, Michael
name: Berker, A. Nihat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained exact results for the Ising model on a hierarchical lattice with a scale-free degree distribution, high clustering coefficient, and small-world behavior. By varying the probability p of long-range bonds, the entire spectrum from an unclustered, non-small-world network to a highly-clustered, small-world system is studied. We obtain analytical expressions for the degree distribution P(k) and clustering coefficient C for all p, as well as the average path length l for p=0 and 1. The Ising model on this network is studied through an exact renormalization-group transformation of the quenched bond probability distribution, using up to 562,500 probability bins to represent the distribution. For p < 0.494, we find power-law critical behavior of the magnetization and susceptibility, with critical exponents continuously varying with p, and exponential decay of correlations away from T_c. For p >= 0.494, where the network exhibits small-world character, the critical behavior radically changes: We find a highly unusual phase transition, namely an inverted Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless singularity, between a low-temperature phase with non-zero magnetization and finite correlation length and a high-temperature phase with zero magnetization and infinite correlation length. Approaching T_c from below, the magnetization and the susceptibility respectively exhibit the singularities of exp(-C/sqrt(T_c-T)) and exp(D/sqrt(T_c-T)), with C and D positive constants. With long-range bond strengths decaying with distance, we see a phase transition with power-law critical singularities for all p, an unusually narrow critical region and important corrections to power-law behavior that depend on the exponent characterizing the decay of long-range interactions.
description: 22 pages, 19 figures; replaced with published version
Einige Fragestellungen der Volkssprachenemanzipation im östlichen Christentum der Mittelalters
Creators: name: Doborjginidze, Nino
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 87 (2003): Oriens christianus, Band 87
Additional file 3 of Distinct evolutionary trajectories of V1R clades across mouse species
Creators: name: Miller, Caitlin H.
name: Campbell, Polly
name: Sheehan, Michael J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. V1R orthogroup branches under positive selection across clades indicated by species. Table S2. V1Rs with evidence for positive selection, conservation (orthology and sequence identity) or gene expansions (across or within species). Figure S1. Number of V1R genes with splice variants in M. m. domesticus and M. spretus. Figure S2. Novel clade “N”: Vmn1r248 and Vmn1r249.Figure S3. Left: V1R gene tree clades E and F, displaying long internal branch lengths and short terminal branch lengths. Right: Multiple alignments of Vmn1r69 and Vmn1r71 peptide sequences. Figure S4. Alignment and pairwise comparisons of Vmn1r89 peptide sequences. Figure S5. Alignment and pairwise comparisons of Vmn1r85 peptide sequences. Figure S6. Amino acid site changes in clade J/K receptors: Vmn1r89 and Vmn1r85. (docx)
Interesting Experiences in Wheat and Milk Channels in a Country Under the EU Accession
Creators: name: Gavrilescu, Dinu
name: Serbanescu, Camelia
name: Grodea, Mariana
name: Turtoi, Crina Sinziana
name: Gavrilescu, Dinu
name: Serbanescu, Camelia
name: Grodea, Mariana
name: Turtoi, Crina Sinziana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Romania
subject: wheat channel
subject: milk channel
subject: FDI

description: The wheat chain went through a significant restructuring in terms of ownership and operation. Among the agri-food processing sub-sectors, milling and bakery saw the largest development, in terms of employment, turnover and investment, both FDI and domestic capital. The milk sector saw even more fundamental changes during the transition period. It has been the only agricultural product that recorded continuous increase in both yield and total output during the past decade. The restructuring of the downstream sector was among the most difficult in the country's agri-food sector Considered as well as staple food, together with wheat, milk has been submitted to heavy intervention policies.
Market Power and Relative Price Adjustment: Evidence from the UK
Creators: name: Morgan, C. Wyn
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Morgan, C. Wyn
name: McCorriston, Steve
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: price adjustment
subject: market power

description: Empirical studies of price transmission often suggest that imperfect pass-through may be due to market power exerted by food retailers. However, these econometric studies essentially lack any formal basis for tying the role of market power with data comprising of retail and producer prices only. We show that if market power has an effect on the farm-retail margin, this determines the specification of the cointegrating relationship. To emphasise the relevance of the tests, we focus on results relating the UK beef sector and show that market power is likely to have played a role in determining the retail-farm price margin.
A Socioeconomic Survey for the Recovery and Exploitation of the Terraced Vineyards of the Costa Viola (Calabria, Italy)
Creators: name: Nicolosi, Agata
name: Cambareri, Domenico
name: Petulla, Mariangela
name: Nicolosi, Agata
name: Cambareri, Domenico
name: Petulla, Mariangela
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: agro-environmental measures
subject: multi-functionality
subject: landscape safeguard

description: The new model of rural development, based on the recognition of the economic, social and environmental function of the European agriculture, mainly headed to make strategies of intervention concerning about, from one side, the competitive ability of the agricultural and agro-industrial enterprises, and, from the other, the increasing of the economic, human, environmental and historical-cultural resources. In such context the multi-functional role of agriculture becomes central and the agricultural operators have to adapt themselves to items (the territories, the rural societies, the consumers, etc.) and to different prescriptions related to demands linked up with the productivity and/or the territory (defence of the ground, of the landscape, of the cultural traditions, of the rural development, of the environment, of the quality). The present research documents the results of a territorial social-economic investigation, developed with the aim of examining the productive and environmental potentialities of the terraced winegrowing present in the territory of the "Costa Viola" in the province of Reggio Calabria (Calabria, Italy). The study starts from an analysis of the territory and individualizes a sample of wine-growing farms in order to examine, through specific social economic investigations (developed through a questionnaire), the actual conditions of the grape cultivated terraces, the status of the "representative farmer" of the vineyards and the achieved economic results. The collected data concerned some social characteristics (age, degree of education, availability and/or propensity to innovation, to introduce new technologies, etc.).
Using Incentives to Buy Land-Use Change in Agriculture for Environmental Benefits
Creators: name: Pannell, David J.
name: Pannell, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: environmental subsidies
subject: incentives
subject: externalities
subject: adoption of innovations
subject: environmental policy

description: In general, the use of incentive payments to landholders in environmental programs is poorly thought through. This article discusses situations where environmental incentive payments are more likely to be a cost-effective response by environmental funders. It is proposed that incentives can be used in two broad ways: to encourage trialling of new practices by landholders, or to compensate landholders for losses resulting from land-use changes. It appears that environmental funders often do not pay sufficient attention to the differences between these two approaches. The first approach only makes sense if the new practices are 'adoptable', and so are expected to remain attractive to landholders beyond the trialling phase. The importance of adoptability and the factors likely to influence the adoptability of an innovation are discussed. The question of who should pay is relevant to whether incentives are appropriate, but is largely political, rather than economic. The concept of market failure is of little practical relevance to environmental funders wishing to target and prioritise their investments. A set of key questions is proposed for environmental funders to address when considering the potential role of incentives.
Liberalization and Globalization: Trojan Horse for the Cotton Traders' Domination in Francophone Africa
Creators: name: Fok, Michel Ah Chuen
name: Fok, Michel Ah Chuen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The Francophone African Countries (FACs) exclusively fight for the abolition of subsidies applied by a few big cotton producing countries. Although legitimate, it is doubtful that the outcome could be so much satisfactory because subsidizing countries have room in rearranging measures of their support policies. The FACs are missing the effect of market structure on price formation. Market power of trading Multinational Companies (MNCs) is getting stronger and stronger. It concerns cotton too and there are signs that an international price index serves as an expression of this power. The FACs were protected from MNCs in the cotton trade. Within less than one decade, and thanks to the implementation of the liberalization process, these companies have become totally dominant. Liberalization then served as Trojan Horse for the MNCs penetration. Negative price impact resulted. Unilateral and unfair change of cotton transaction rules took place. Historical private regulation systems are being pushed down to the sole benefit of traders and at the expense of cotton producers. It is worth noting the paradox of exacerbated concentration of the commodity trade at the international level while developing countries were forced to go into a fragmentation movement by abolishing marketing boards or public monopoly companies which provided some price protection to farmers. This fragmentation movement made easier the domination of trading MNCs in developing countries through power in price formation and adjustment of transaction rules.
Constraining U.S. and EU Domestic Support in Agriculture: The October 2005 WTO Proposals
Creators: name: Brink, Lars
name: Brink, Lars
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agriculture
subject: AMS
subject: de minimis
subject: domestic support
subject: overall reduction
subject: WTO

description: In October 2005 the USA, EU, and G-20 submitted proposals on domestic support in the WTO agriculture negotiations. We consider the de minimis rules and allowances, project future (2014) distorting support for the USA and the EU-15, calculate the constraints resulting from projected values of production combined with the U.S., EU and G-20 proposals, and compare their effectiveness in constraining components of distorting support and future applied support. The de minimis rules make a significant difference for future allowed support. Under the U.S. proposal the Overall commitment constrains neither the USA nor the EU. Under the EU and especially the G-20 proposals the Overall commitment constrains distorting support to be less than the sum of the cap on blue and the Maximum Usable Components (MUC). The MUC is smaller than the sum of the commitment on Total Aggregate Measurement of Support (TAMS) and all de minimis allowances. Despite seemingly large percentage reductions, the three proposals would impose only very modest, if any, constraints on projected 2014 applied domestic support.
How well does NLO pQCD describe strangeness in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 200 GeV in STAR?
Creators: name: Heinz, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the transverse momentum spectra for $\mathrm{K^{0}_{S}}$, $Λ$, $Ξ$ and their antiparticles in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200 GeV$. The extracted mid-rapidity yields and $$ are in agreement with previous $p+\bar{p}$ experiments while they have smaller statistical errors. We compare the measured spectra for $\mathrm{K^{0}_{S}}$ and $Λ$ to the latest available calculations from NLO pQCD and see good agreement for the $\mathrm{K^{0}_{S}}$ above 1.5 GeV/c.
description: conference proceedings, Strangeness in Quark Matter 2004, 5 pages, submitted to Journal Physics G, final version submitted to journal incl. modifications requested by editor
Farm Level Risk Assessment Using Downside Risk Measures
Creators: name: Berg, Ernst
name: Starp, Michael
name: Berg, Ernst
name: Starp, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: downside risk
subject: risk management
subject: risk measure
subject: risk-value models
subject: stochastic optimisation

description: Recent and presumable future developments tend to increase the risk associated with farming activities. This causes an increasing importance of risk management. Farmers have a wide variety of possibilities to influence the risk exposure of their operations. Among them are the choice of the production program as well as marketing activities including forward pricing and hedging with futures and options. In total all these opportunities comprise a portfolio of activities which must be selected as to match the resources of the farm as well as the farmer's attitudes towards risk. The paper addresses this issue using a whole farm stochastic optimisation approach based on a risk-value framework. The paper starts with a discussion of risk-value models and the relationship between them and the expected utility hypothesis. In the second part the approach is incorporated in a whole farm model that optimizes a portfolio of production activities and risk management instruments. A case study is used to analyse the possibilities and limitations of the approach and to illustrate the effects of yield and production risk on decision making.
Additional file 3 of Secreted factors from dental pulp stem cells improve Sjögren’s syndrome via regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression
Creators: name: Matsumura-Kawashima, Mayu
name: Ogata, Kenichi
name: Moriyama, Masafumi
name: Murakami, Yuka
name: Kawado, Tatsuya
name: Nakamura, Seiji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure 3. Flow cytometric analysis of CD19+IL-10+ and CD20+CD138+ cells. Each graph on the right side shows the percentages of each B cell subset. The data represent the mean ± standard deviation. n = 6. *p < 0.05.
Optimization of a Lossy Microring Resonator System for the Generation of Quadrature-Squeezed States
Creators: name: Vendromin, Colin
name: Dignam, Marc M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intensity buildup of light inside a lossy microring resonator can be used to enhance the generation of squeezed states via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). In this work, we model the generation of squeezed light in a microring resonator that is pumped with a Gaussian pulse via a side-coupled channel waveguide. We theoretically determine the optimum pump pulse duration and ring-to-channel coupling constant to minimize the quadrature noise (maximize the squeezing) in the ring for a fixed input pump energy. We derive approximate analytic expressions for the optimal coupling and pump pulse duration as a function of scattering loss in the ring. These results will enable researchers to easily determine the optimal design of microring resonator systems for the generation of quadrature-squeezed states.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 1 of The association of dietary inflammatory index with urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation in men with nephrolithiasis
Creators: name: Niloofarsadat Maddahi
name: Yarizadeh, Habib
name: Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem
name: Alizadeh, Shahab
name: Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed
name: Mirzaei, Khadijeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Inflammatory effect scores for dietary components used for calculation of DII. Table S2. calculation of DII for carbohydrate intake in a participant in our study as an example for total DII calculation.
The Regional and Multilateral Dilemna: Institutions Do Matter
Creators: name: Soliman, Marwan
name: Soliman, Marwan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: The world trade has been p olitically framed towards liberalism and "openness". It is evident that this openness has its own grades and interests that command it. Developing countries have been directed, and pushed towards a playing ground they fear and ignore. But some would argue that even developed countries have to go through such stages. The whole difference here is the gap between where the latter stood when they decided to move toward openness and where developing countries do stand today. A simple and obvious proof of that is the increasing number of regional trade agreements (RTAs in following papers for convenience) that most countries have adopted. If we agree that regional networking should serve coordinating interests, RTAs came to answer a multilateral dilemma: multilateral negotiations are asking different and diversified countries, economies and cultures, to melt into a single frame defined by the "Triade", the world powers. In this paper we will examine the regional trade in the context of world trade (part 1) and contrast regionalism and multilateralism. My conclusion that regional agreements hinder the progress of a fair and dynamic multilateral governance and reduce its institutional progress.
​​MASK-TERMINDS: REFLECTIONS ON LEADERSHIP DURING COVID-19 FROM RURAL INDIANA SUPERINTENDENTS​
Creators: name: Whitlock, Amanda Jane
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 390403
subject: Educational administration, management and leadership

description: This research examines the lived experiences of four rural Indiana superintendents leading their respective districts during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Based on the lived experiences, this study highlights actions that can help address the disorganization and uncertainty of leading a district during an unprecedented crisis.  The findings emphasize that effective crisis leadership requires a combination of adaptability, collaboration, clear communication, and data-driven decision making to ensure the wellbeing of students, staff, and the school community. One of the most significant takeaways from this research is the emphasis of prioritizing the wellbeing not only for students but also for educators and administrators.  The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of integrating mental health resources, creating strong partnerships with local organizations, and maintaining a sense of stability during unpredictable circumstances.  Additionally, collaboration with peer districts and local agencies proved to be essential in maintaining consistency in crisis responses. Clear and proactive communication emerged as a foundational element of effective leadership during a crisis.  Transparent messaging through multiple channels, including social media, newsletters, and community forums, was crucial in mitigating misinformation and building trust within the school community.  However, the study revealed that social media can also amplify division making deliberate management strategies important for school leaders navigating the public. An additional lesson learned was the value of data driven decision making, particularly in tracking attendance, COVID-19 cases, and district wide needs.  Superintendents who made decisions based on this type of data were better equipped to justify decisions and to anticipate future challenges.  The importance of board and superintendent relationships cannot be overstated.  Presenting a unified front with leadership decisions within the district ensures smoother policy implementation and reduces community conflict during periods of high stress. In conclusion, Indiana rural superintendents must be prepared to adapt, collaborate, and communicate effectively while making data driven decisions to guide their actions.  Ultimately ensuring the stability and success of their district is the goal; by recognizing and embracing these strategies, superintendents can navigate unexpected challenges ahead.
Mechanisms of presynaptic release and postsynaptic development in cortical neurons
Creators: name: Prange, Oliver
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Electrophysiology and imaging techniques have been applied to study presynaptic vesicle release and postsynaptic development in vitro at cortical synapses. The amphiphilic dye FM1-43 was used to evaluate vesicle turnover at synaptic terminals in response to action potential (AP) stimulus evoked- and spontaneous miniature synaptic activity. Loading and unloading of FM1-43 into and out of synaptic vesicles was visualized in real-time using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Under conditions that maximized release probability at synapses, we found that the amounts of AP-evoked vesicular FM1-43 release could not be described by a normal distribution, but were positively skewed. A significant, albeit relatively small, fraction of all synapses (13 – 17 %) released FM1-43 amounts that could be attributed to the release of more than one vesicle per AP stimulus. When utilizing miniature synaptic activity for FM1-43 uptake, we found a large variability in the amount of FM1-43 loading among presynaptic terminals, indicating a non-uniform probability for miniature release among synapses. Imaging of AP-stimulated vesicle release showed that release rates were significantly elevated at synapses with high rates of miniature activity compared to control synapses. In addition, we found a significant correlation between miniature activity and AP-evoked release probability at single synaptic sites. Lastly, real-time confocal imaging of filopodial postsynaptic spine precursors was employed in cortical neurons during two stages of early in vitro development. Particle mediated gene transfer was used to overexpress a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled form of the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95, which can mediate the clustering of postsynaptic receptors and signal transduction proteins. Neurons overexpressing PSD-95/GFP were additionally labeled with the red dye sulforhodamine and two-channel confocal data acquisition was used. We found that preformed PSD-95 clusters could be rapidly translocated into and out of filopodia and spines. Moreover, filopodia and spines that were associated with clusters of PSD-95 were significantly more stable (i.e. less likely to turn-over) during 1 hour of imaging than filopodia and spines without PSD-95 clusters. In summary, these findings suggest the occurrence of multivesicular release at cortical synapses, indicate a physiological association between spontaneous miniature and evoked synaptic release, and implicate PSD-95 in the stabilization of filopodial spines during early development of cortical neurons.
SPI energy calibration
Creators: name: Lonjou, V.
name: Knodlseder, J.
name: Roques, J. P.
name: Skinner, G. K.
name: von Ballmoos, P.
name: Jean, P.
name: Paul, P.
name: Weidenspointner, G.
name: Wunderer, C.
name: Schanne, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The status of the SPI energy calibration after the first year of INTEGRAL operations is reported. We have studied the gain variations and we have demonstrated that the most important parameter is the germanium detector temperature. This study permits us to determine the limits of our calibration method and the frequency of calibrations needed.
description: 3 pages, 7 figures
Dirac Analysis and Integrability of Geodesic Equations for Cylindrically Symmetric Spacetimes
Creators: name: Camci, Ugur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dirac's constraint analysis and the symplectic structure of geodesic equations are obtained for the general cylindrically symmetric stationary spacetime. For this metric, using the obtained first order Lagrangian, the geodesic equations of motion are integrated, and found some solutions for Lewis, Levi-Civita, and Van Stockum spacetimes.
description: 12 Pages, Latex, no figures
Non-Amontons behavior of friction in single contacts
Creators: name: Bureau, Lionel
name: Baumberger, Tristan
name: Caroli, Christiane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the frictional properties of a single contact between a glassy polymer lens and a flat silica substrate covered either by a disordered or by a self-assembled alkylsilane monolayer. We find that, in contrast to common belief, the Amontons proportionality between frictional and normal stresses does not hold. Besides, we observe that the velocity dependence of the sliding stress is strongly sensitive to the structure of the silane layer. Analysis of the frictional rheology observed on both disordered and self-assembled monolayers suggests that dissipation is controlled by the plasticity of a glass-like interfacial layer in the former case, and by pinning of polymer chains on the substrate in the latter one.
description: submitted to Eur. Phys. J. E
Non-Farm Diversification Decisions of Rural Households in Macedonia
Creators: name: Mollers, Judith
name: Heidhues, Franz
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
name: Mollers, Judith
name: Heidhues, Franz
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Diversification strategies
subject: non-farm employment
subject: rural development
subject: Macedonia

description: The non-farm sector is crucial to rural households in transition economies since it offers employment, reduces urban migration and can contribute to poverty reduction, economic growth and a more equal income distribution. This study on diversification decisions and rural incomes reviews evidence from a household survey in Macedonia. It looks at non-farm diversification dynamics and analyses income portfolios and driving forces of diversification decisions. The results confirm that non-farm employment and diversified income portfolios are outstanding features of rural households in Macedonia, where unfavourable economic conditions and insufficient farm incomes have driven farm households to open up income sources in the non-farm sector. Further adaptations of employment strategies are also expected in the future. Three main strategies are identified and analysed by a multinomial logistic regression model: (1) diversification, (2) abandoning of farming activities and (3) expansion of the farm. Households following these strategies can be characterised according to their distinctive profiles. The diversification strategy typically occurs under unfavourable economic conditions, but the households following it can rely on young, well-educated and flexible household heads. Farm households who intend to abandon agriculture are more likely to be located in remote areas. Two types of typical abandoners were identified. The first group represents the phase-out of uncompetitive small-scale farms with no successor. The second group is particularly characterised by their high mobility and their positive attitude towards non-farm employment. The farm expansion strategy occurs under more favourable economic conditions, including a better access to land and positive attitudes towards agriculture.
Additional file 1 of Accounting for confounding by time, early intervention adoption, and time-varying effect modification in the design and analysis of stepped-wedge designs: application to a proposed study design to reduce opioid-related mortality
Creators: name: Rennert, Lior
name: Moonseong Heo
name: Litwin, Alain H.
name: Gruttola, Victor De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Opioid overdose deaths in 18 South Carolina communities between 2016 and 2018.