cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Turing instability in quantum activator-inhibitor systems
Creators: name: Kato, Yuzuru
name: Nakao, Hiroya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turing instability is a fundamental mechanism of nonequilibrium self-organization. However, despite the universality of its essential mechanism, Turing instability has thus far been investigated mostly in classical systems. In this study, we show that Turing instability can occur in a quantum dissipative system and analyze its quantum features such as entanglement and the effect of measurement. We propose a degenerate parametric oscillator with nonlinear damping in quantum optics as a quantum activator-inhibitor unit and demonstrate that a system of two activator-inhibitor units can undergo Turing instability when diffusively coupled with each other. The Turing instability induces nonuniformity and entanglement between the two units and gives rise to a pair of nonuniform states that are mixed due to quantum noise. Further performing continuous measurement on the coupled system reveals the nonuniformity caused by the Turing instability. Our results extend the universality of the Turing mechanism to the quantum realm and may provide a novel perspective on the possibility of quantum nonequilibrium self-organization and its application in quantum technologies.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
Pure and Random Quantum Ising Chain : Shannon and Renyi entropies of the ground state via real space renormalization
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Shannon and the Renyi entropies of the ground state wavefunction in the pure and in the random quantum Ising chain are studied via the self-dual Fernandez-Pacheco real-space renormalization procedure. In particular, we analyze the critical behavior of the leading extensive term at the quantum phase transition : the derivative with respect to the control parameter is found to be logarithmically divergent in the pure case, and to display a cusp singularity in the random case. This cusp singularity for the random case is also derived via the Strong Disorder Renormalization approach.
description: v2=final version (15 pages, 6 figures)
Expert Knowledge-Guided Length-Variant Hierarchical Label Generation for Proposal Classification
Creators: name: Xiao, Meng
name: Qiao, Ziyue
name: Fu, Yanjie
name: Du, Yi
name: Wang, Pengyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To advance the development of science and technology, research proposals are submitted to open-court competitive programs developed by government agencies (e.g., NSF). Proposal classification is one of the most important tasks to achieve effective and fair review assignments. Proposal classification aims to classify a proposal into a length-variant sequence of labels. In this paper, we formulate the proposal classification problem into a hierarchical multi-label classification task. Although there are certain prior studies, proposal classification exhibit unique features: 1) the classification result of a proposal is in a hierarchical discipline structure with different levels of granularity; 2) proposals contain multiple types of documents; 3) domain experts can empirically provide partial labels that can be leveraged to improve task performances. In this paper, we focus on developing a new deep proposal classification framework to jointly model the three features. In particular, to sequentially generate labels, we leverage previously-generated labels to predict the label of next level; to integrate partial labels from experts, we use the embedding of these empirical partial labels to initialize the state of neural networks. Our model can automatically identify the best length of label sequence to stop next label prediction. Finally, we present extensive results to demonstrate that our method can jointly model partial labels, textual information, and semantic dependencies in label sequences, and, thus, achieve advanced performances.
description: 10 pages, Accepted as regular paper by ICDM 2021
On closed graphs II
Creators: name: Cox, David A.
name: Erskine, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75 (primary), 05C25, 05C78 (secondary)

description: A graph is closed when its vertices have a labeling by [n] with a certain property first discovered in the study of binomial edge ideals. In this article, we explore various aspects of closed graphs, including the number of closed labelings and clustering coefficients.
description: The article "On closed graphs" arXiv:1306.5149v1 was divided into two parts. The first part, "On closed graphs I", will become v2 of the previous submission, while the second part, "On closed graphs II" is the paper submitted here. The new version of "On closed graphs II" corrects some minor typographical errors
Additional file 1 of Shared genetic architecture between irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders reveals molecular pathways of the gut-brain axis
Creators: name: Tesfaye, Markos
name: Jaholkowski, Piotr
name: Hindley, Guy F. L.
name: Shadrin, Alexey A.
name: Rahman, Zillur
name: Bahrami, Shahram
name: Lin, Aihua
name: Holen, Børge
name: Parker, Nadine
name: Cheng, Weiqiu
name: Rødevand, Linn
name: Frei, Oleksandr
name: Djurovic, Srdjan
name: Dale, Anders M.
name: Smeland, Olav B.
name: O’Connell, Kevin S.
name: Andreassen, Ole A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Detailed description on univariate and bivariate causal mixture models, and conditional and conjunctional false discovery rate analysis methods.
Using the ELN-Software eLabFTW in Engineering Student Labs at Clausthal TU
Creators: name: Strauß, Florian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Electronic Lab Notebook
Research Data Management
Teaching

description: Talk presented for the "RDA E-Seminar Series - ELNs and LIMS for Research Data Management in Engineering" on . Three examples from engineering student labs were shown and recent new developments highlighted. Caveats taken from a Master thesis building upon the observations were also given.
title: APrevent® Vocal Implant System (VOIS) zur externen Stimmlippenmedialisierung mit Nachjustiermöglichkeit – eine offene, nicht randomisierte Pilotstudie
Creators: name: Schneider-Stickler, Berit
name: Ho, Guan-Yuh
name: Leonhard, Matthias
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund Permanente einseitige Rekurrensparesen mit Glottisschlussinsuffienz benötigen meistens eine externe Medialisationsthyroplastik Typ I (MT). Bisherige Implantate lassen keine nachträgliche Adjustierung im Falle einer Änderung der Stimmlippenstellung zu, weshalb immer wieder[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
Stable and Solution-Processable Cumulenic sp-Carbon Wires: A New Paradigm for Organic Electronics
Creators: name: Pecorario, Stefano
name: Scaccabarozzi, Alberto D.
name: Fazzi, Daniele
name: Gutiérrez-Fernández, Edgar
name: Vurro, Vito
name: Maserati, Lorenzo
name: Jiang, Mengting
name: Losi, Tommaso
name: Sun, Bozheng
name: Tykwinski, Rik R.
name: Casari, Carlo S.
name: Caironi, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solution-processed, large-area, and flexible electronics largely relies on the excellent electronic properties of sp$^2$-hybridized carbon molecules, either in the form of $π$-conjugated small molecules and polymers or graphene and carbon nanotubes. Carbon with sp-hybridization, the foundation of the elusive allotrope carbyne, offers vast opportunities for functionalized molecules in the form of linear carbon atomic wires (CAWs), with intriguing and even superior predicted electronic properties. While CAWs represent a vibrant field of research, to date, they have only been applied sparingly to molecular devices. The recent observation of the field-effect in microcrystalline cumulenes suggests their potential applications in solution-processed thin-film transistors but concerns surrounding the stability and electronic performance have precluded developments in this direction. In the present study, ideal field-effect characteristics are demonstrated for solution-processed thin films of tetraphenyl[3]cumulene, the shortest semiconducting CAW. Films are deposited through a scalable, large-area, meniscus-coating technique, providing transistors with hole mobilities in excess of 0.1 cm$^2$ V$^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$, as well as promising operational stability under dark conditions. These results offer a solid foundation for the exploitation of a vast class of molecular semiconductors for organic electronics based on sp-hybridized carbon systems and create a previously unexplored paradigm.
Additional file 2 of Shared genetic architecture between irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders reveals molecular pathways of the gut-brain axis
Creators: name: Tesfaye, Markos
name: Jaholkowski, Piotr
name: Hindley, Guy F. L.
name: Shadrin, Alexey A.
name: Rahman, Zillur
name: Bahrami, Shahram
name: Lin, Aihua
name: Holen, Børge
name: Parker, Nadine
name: Cheng, Weiqiu
name: Rødevand, Linn
name: Frei, Oleksandr
name: Djurovic, Srdjan
name: Dale, Anders M.
name: Smeland, Olav B.
name: O’Connell, Kevin S.
name: Andreassen, Ole A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Conditional Q-Q plots of nominal -log10 p-values vs empirical -log10 p-values in generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, diverticular disease, or inflammatory bowel disease below the standard genome-wide association study threshold of p < 5.0 × 10−8 as a function of significance of association with irritable bowel syndrome. Fig. S2. Conditional FDR Manhattan plot of –log10 values of loci identified for irritable bowel syndrome by conditioning on generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, diverticular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Fig. S3. Tissue enrichment for differential gene expression (DEG) in 54 GTEx tissue types of genes mapped to shared genomic loci associated with irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders.
Quantification of thermal fluctuations in stripe domain patterns
Creators: name: Meier, Thomas Norbert  G.
name: Kronseder, Matthias
name: Zimmermann, M.
name: Back, Christian H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: ULTRATHIN FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; REORIENTATION TRANSITIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DRIVEN; ANISOTROPY; SYSTEM; CREEP;
subject: 530 Physik

description: In ultrathin ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy a spin-reorientation transition from out-of-plane to in-plane orientation of the magnetization vector may occur. The competition of exchange and dipole interaction leads to the formation of stripe domain patterns in the vicinity of the spin reorientation transition. Here we investigate fluctuations of domain patterns in ultrathin epitaxial Ni/Fe films grown on Cu(001) using the technique of threshold photoemission magnetic circular dichroism in combination with photoemission electron microscopy allowing real-time observation of the domain pattern dynamics. The key finding of our experiments is that fluctuations can easily be quantified by calculating thermodynamic susceptibilities from a series of time resolved images. We analyze the strength of fluctuations with respect to temperature and externally applied out-of-plane magnetic fields.
Situationally Adaptive Clinical Trials: The Ukraine Crisis
Creators: name: Crawley, Francis P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical Trials, Adaptive Trials, Human Rights, Data policy, Crisis, Ukraine War, Open Science, WHO, UNESCO, Ethics, Science Policy

description: Clinical research needs to needs a revised ethics framework that includesa revised a situationally adaptive approach to clinical research appropriate to the needs of patients and society in times of war and other fundamental disruptions. This framework and the overall approach to clinical research is required if we are to ensure our adherence to patient safety, public health, and the important contexts of humanitarian and human rights legal frameworks. Access to care needs to be assured for study participants in resource-destroyed areas. This requires a new adaptive, situationally adaptive, approach to clinical trials that ensures, even with severe changes in the possibilities to exercise a protocol, the scientific approach to healthcare and the evaluation of interventions is continued. Considering all these aspects, we need to establish a revised ethics foundation for the protection of research participants in times of war, assuring their health needs while simultaneously maintaining scientific integrity. The views presented here are those of the speaker’s. They do not necessarily reflect those of any organisation. Francis gratefully acknowledges the work Ukraine Clinical Research Support Initiative (UCRSI), of the International Science Council’s CODATA International Data Policy Committee (IDPC), and the EOSC-Future / RDA Artificial Intelligence & Data Visitation Working Group (AIDV-WG). Francis’ EOSC Future / RDA Ambassador for Ethics & Law and the EOSC-Future projects are co-funded by the European Union’s Horizon Programme call INFRAEOSC-03-2020 - Project ID 101017536. CODATA is funded by the International Science Council (ISC) and Horizon Europe as well as by other funding organisations. The Research Data Alliance (RDA) is funded by Horizon Europe as well as by other funding organisations (see here). Francis is grateful for the support provided by CODATA and the EOSC-Future and the RDA communities, structures, and secretariats.
Usefulness of effective field theory for boosted Higgs production
Creators: name: Dawson, S.
name: Lewis, I. M.
name: Zeng, Mao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Higgs + jet channel at the LHC is sensitive to the effects of new physics both in the total rate and in the transverse momentum distribution at high p_T. We examine the production process using an effective field theory (EFT) language and discuss the possibility of determining the nature of the underlying high scale physics from boosted Higgs production. The effects of heavy color triplet scalars and top partner fermions with TeV scale masses are considered as examples and Higgs-gluon couplings of dimension-5 and dimension-7 are included in the EFT. As a by-product of our study, we examine the region of validity of the EFT. Dimension-7 contributions in realistic new physics models give effects in the high p_T tail of the Higgs signal which are so tiny that they are likely to be unobservable.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures. Minor changes made in version 2
Violation of the strong Huygen's principle and timelike signals from the early Universe
Creators: name: Blasco, Ana
name: Garay, Luis J.
name: Martin-Benito, Mercedes
name: Martin-Martinez, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the implications of the violations of the strong Huygens principle in the transmission of information from the early universe to the current era via massless fields. We show that much more information reaches us through timelike channels (not mediated by real photons) than it is carried by rays of light, which are usually regarded as the only carriers of information.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. RevTeX 4.1. V2: Updated to match published version. Previous title "A glimpse of the early universe without real light" modified to match Physical Review Letters published version
title: Therapieerfolg von Protonenpumpeninhibitoren in einfacher und doppelter Standarddosis bei der Therapie von Kontaktgranulomen – eine Pilotstudie
Creators: name: Heyduck, Adrienne
name: Hoffmann, Thomas
name: Olthoff, Arno
name: Brosch, Sibylle
name: Reiter, Rudolf
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund Kontaktgranulome (KG) sind ein häufige Ursache für eine Vorstellung in der phoniatrischen Sprechstunde. Gemäß der aktuellen S2k-Leitlinie „Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit (engl. GERD)“ von 10/2015 wird bei der extraösophagealen GERD-Manifestation[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
Special-case closed form of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula
Creators: name: Van-Brunt, Alexander
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula is a general result for the quantity $Z(X,Y)=\ln( e^X e^Y )$, where $X$ and $Y$ are not necessarily commuting. For completely general commutation relations between $X$ and $Y$, (the free Lie algebra), the general result is somewhat unwieldy. However in specific physics applications the commutator $[X,Y]$, while non-zero, might often be relatively simple, which sometimes leads to explicit closed form results. We consider the special case $[X,Y] = u X + vY + cI$, and show that in this case the general result reduces to \[ Z(X,Y)=\ln( e^X e^Y ) = X+Y+ f(u,v) \; [X,Y]. \] Furthermore we explicitly evaluate the symmetric function $f(u,v)=f(v,u)$, demonstrating that \[ f(u,v) = {(u-v)e^{u+v}-(ue^u-ve^v)\over u v (e^u - e^v)}, \] and relate this to previously known results. For instance this result includes, but is considerably more general than, results obtained from either the Heisenberg commutator $[P,Q]=-i\hbar I$ or the creation-destruction commutator $[a,a^\dagger]=I$.
description: V1: 5 pages. V2: 4 references added, some minor typos fixed, some discussion added. No change in conclusions. Now 6 pages. This version accepted for publication in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
DeepMTS: Deep Multi-task Learning for Survival Prediction in Patients with Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma using Pretreatment PET/CT
Creators: name: Meng, Mingyuan
name: Gu, Bingxin
name: Bi, Lei
name: Song, Shaoli
name: Feng, David Dagan
name: Kim, Jinman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial cancer arising from the nasopharynx. Survival prediction is a major concern for NPC patients, as it provides early prognostic information to plan treatments. Recently, deep survival models based on deep learning have demonstrated the potential to outperform traditional radiomics-based survival prediction models. Deep survival models usually use image patches covering the whole target regions (e.g., nasopharynx for NPC) or containing only segmented tumor regions as the input. However, the models using the whole target regions will also include non-relevant background information, while the models using segmented tumor regions will disregard potentially prognostic information existing out of primary tumors (e.g., local lymph node metastasis and adjacent tissue invasion). In this study, we propose a 3D end-to-end Deep Multi-Task Survival model (DeepMTS) for joint survival prediction and tumor segmentation in advanced NPC from pretreatment PET/CT. Our novelty is the introduction of a hard-sharing segmentation backbone to guide the extraction of local features related to the primary tumors, which reduces the interference from non-relevant background information. In addition, we also introduce a cascaded survival network to capture the prognostic information existing out of primary tumors and further leverage the global tumor information (e.g., tumor size, shape, and locations) derived from the segmentation backbone. Our experiments with two clinical datasets demonstrate that our DeepMTS can consistently outperform traditional radiomics-based survival prediction models and existing deep survival models.
description: Accepted at IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics (JBHI)
Entropy growth during free expansion of an ideal gas
Creators: name: Chakraborti, Subhadip
name: Dhar, Abhishek
name: Goldstein, Sheldon
name: Kundu, Anupam
name: Lebowitz, Joel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To illustrate Boltzmann's construction of an entropy function that is defined for a microstate of a macroscopic system, we present here the simple example of the free expansion of a one dimensional gas of non-interacting point particles. The construction requires one to define macrostates, corresponding to macroscopic variables. We define a macrostate $M$ by specifying the fraction of particles in rectangular boxes $Δx Δv$ of the single particle position-velocity space $\{x,v\}$. We verify that when the number of particles is large the Boltzmann entropy, $S_B(t)$, of a typical microstate of a nonequilibrium ensemble coincides with the Gibbs entropy of the coarse-grained time-evolved one-particle distribution associated with this ensemble. $S_B(t)$ approaches its maximum possible value for the dynamical evolution of the given initial state. The rate of approach depends on the size of $Δv$ in the definition of the macrostate, going to zero at any fixed time $t$ when $Δv \to 0$. Surprisingly the different curves $S_B(t)$ collapse when time is scaled with $Δv$ as: $t \sim τ/Δv$. We find an explicit expression for $S_B(τ)$ in the limit $Δv \to 0$. We also consider a different, more hydrodynamical, definition of macrostates for which $S_B(t)$ is monotone increasing, unlike the previous one which has small decaying oscillations near its maximum value. Our system is non-ergodic, non-chaotic and non-interacting; our results thus illustrate that these concepts are not as relevant as sometimes claimed, for observing macroscopic irreversibility and entropy increase. Rather, the notions of initial conditions, typicality, large numbers and coarse-graining are the important factors. We demonstrate these ideas through extensive simulations as well as analytic results.
description: Special Issue Article in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
title: Intermittierendes versus kontinuierliches Neuromonitoring in der komplexen Chirurgie benigner Schilddrüsenerkrankungen
Creators: name: Caffier, Philipp P.
name: Sedlmaier, Anke
name: Hermanns, Mechthild
name: Nawka, Tadeus
name: Weikert, Sebastian
name: Steinmüller, Thomas
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund In der komplexen benignen Schilddrüsenchirurgie ist das Risiko der intraoperativen Verletzung des N. recurrens erhöht, weshalb der routinemäßige Einsatz des intraoperativen Neuromonitorings (IONM) empfohlen wird. Das Hauptziel unserer Arbeit bestand in einem retrospektiven[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
A theoretical model for considering the role of hemoglobin and other spinors in exchanging spin waves between brain and heart.
Creators: name: Fioranelli, Massimo
name: Sepehri, Alireza
name: Roccia, Maria Grazia
name: Beesham, Aroonkumar
name: Flavin, Dana
name: Ahmad, Hijaz
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Neurology and neuromuscular diseases
Neurogenetics

description: It has been known that both brain and heart produce magnetic fields however, intensity of heart magnetic field is more. The question arises that what is the relation between heart and brain waves. We answer this question by suggesting a theoretical model which use of hemoglobins and other spinors as packages of information and spin waves for exchanging information between heart and brain. In this model, heart genes within heart cells control motions of charged ions and their spins. By motions of these electrical and spinor ions, both electrical and magnetic waves are emerged. Electrical waves produce known action potentials and magnetic waves force on iron atoms within hemoglobins and electrons on other biological objects and induce spin waves and information in multigonal structures around them. Hemoglobins and other spinors are carried by blood cells and liquid molecules and move from heart to brain. Near neurons within the brain, magnetic spins within the hemoglobins and spinors force into ions and cause to their motion towards cells. These ions pass the neuron membranes, force on ionic packages and cause that some new ions become free. These charged/spinor ions produce electrical currents between neurons and emit some magnetic and electrical waves around the brain. We have done some calculations which show by increasing height differences between two mans, time differences for exchanging information between brain and heart increase. This result is related to local entanglement between spinors. However, there is additional non-local entanglements between spinors on the heart and spinors on the brain. These entanglements may be produced through two ways: 1. Some spinors within blood vessels and nerve systems may join to each other and form several strings. Any change in one of spins within this string, cause to changes in all spins. Thus, information could be transmitted between brain and heart immediately. 2. In addition to classical magnetic field which is produced by charged currents, there is another quantum magnetic field which is produced by spinors. This quantum wave couldn’t be detected by present devices, however any change in spinors on the heart cause to a change in quantum magnetic field and spinors on the brain. This is a theoretical model and could be a proposal for scientists to test it.
Additional file 4 of Shared genetic architecture between irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric disorders reveals molecular pathways of the gut-brain axis
Creators: name: Tesfaye, Markos
name: Jaholkowski, Piotr
name: Hindley, Guy F. L.
name: Shadrin, Alexey A.
name: Rahman, Zillur
name: Bahrami, Shahram
name: Lin, Aihua
name: Holen, Børge
name: Parker, Nadine
name: Cheng, Weiqiu
name: Rødevand, Linn
name: Frei, Oleksandr
name: Djurovic, Srdjan
name: Dale, Anders M.
name: Smeland, Olav B.
name: O’Connell, Kevin S.
name: Andreassen, Ole A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S16. Genetic correlations from LD score regression analyses for subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and psychiatric and gastrointestinal diseases. Table S43. Genetic covariance parameters between irritable syndrome and psychiatric and gastrointestinal diseases computed from summary statistics used for conditional FDR analyses.
Cluster Fragments in Amorphous Phosphorus and their Evolution under Pressure
Creators: name: Zhou, Yuxing
name: Kirkpatrick, William
name: Deringer, Volker L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amorphous phosphorus (a-P) has long attracted interest because of its complex atomic structure, and more recently as an anode material for batteries. However, accurately describing and understanding a-P at the atomistic level remains a challenge. Here we show that large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations, enabled by a machine learning (ML)-based interatomic potential for phosphorus, can give new insights into the atomic structure of a-P and how this structure changes under pressure. The structural model so obtained contains abundant five-membered rings, as well as more complex seven- and eight-atom clusters. Changes in the simulated first sharp diffraction peak during compression and decompression indicate a hysteresis in the recovery of medium-range order. An analysis of cluster fragments, large rings, and voids suggests that moderate pressure (up to about 5 GPa) does not break the connectivity of clusters, but higher pressure does. Our work provides a starting point for further computational studies of the structure and properties of a-P, and more generally it exemplifies how ML-driven modeling can accelerate the understanding of disordered functional materials.
title: Akustische Stimmqualitätsanalysen in der Phoniatrie
Creators: name: Barsties v. Latoszek, Ben
name: Neumann, Katrin
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung Die Akustik zählt neben vier weiteren Messverfahren zu den grundlegenden Säulen in der Stimmdiagnostik [ref:1]. Akustische Messverfahren dienen z.B. der Beurteilung der Stimmfunktion mit Hilfe eines Stimmfeldes [ref:2] oder der Stimmqualität [ref:3].[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
Geometric lower bound for a quantum coherence measure
Creators: name: Pires, Diego Paiva
name: Céleri, Lucas C.
name: Soares-Pinto, Diogo O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nowadays, geometric tools are being used to treat a huge class of problems of quantum information science. By understanding the interplay between the geometry of the state space and information-theoretic quantities, it is possible to obtain less trivial and more robust physical constraints on quantum systems. In this sense, here we establish a geometric lower bound for the Wigner-Yanase skew information (WYSI), a well-known information theoretic quantity recently recognized as a proper quantum coherence measure. Starting from a mixed state evolving under unitary dynamics, while WYSI is a constant of motion, the lower bound indicates the rate of change of quantum statistical distinguishability between initial and final states. Our result shows that, since WYSI fits in the class of Petz metrics, this lower bound is the change rate of its respective geodesic distance on quantum state space. The geometric approach is advantageous because raises several physical interpretations of this inequality under the same theoretical umbrella.
description: 9 pages, REVTeX 4-1, close to published version
title: Der Einfluss einer Wasser-Resistenz-Therapie auf Stimmlippenschwingungen bei Patienten mit organischer Dysphonie
Creators: name: Echternach, Matthias
name: Raschka, Julius
name: Kuranova, Liudmila
name: Köberlein, Marie
name: Richter, Bernhard
name: Döllinger, Michael
name: Kainz, Marie-Anne
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund In der gegenwärtigen Literatur wächst das Verständnis um Stimmübungen in halb verschlossene Röhrensysteme (semi-occluded vocal tract exercises) und wie diese die stimmliche Effizienz beeinflussen. Für stimmgesunde Probanden hat gezeigt werden können,[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
title: Therapieverlauf von Augmentationen mit verschiedenen Präparaten bei einseitigem Stimmlippenstillstand
Creators: name: Semmler, Marion
name: Dotzler, Eva
name: Paulsen, Dana
name: Hildebrandt, Franziska
name: Döllinger, Michael
name: Schützenberger, Anne
name: Dürr, Stephan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund Der einseitige Stimmlippenstillstand (z.B. bei Parese des N. laryngeus recurrens) kann zu einer schweren Beeinträchtigung der Stimmgebung führen. Vor allem der inkomplette oder fehlende Glottisschluss verhindern eine effiziente Phonation. Wenn die logopädische Therapie[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
Microtubules play an essential role in the survival of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells advancing through G1 phase
Creators: name: Delgado, Magdalena
name: Chambers, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We recently reported that primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are susceptible to the microtubule depolymerizing agent vincristine (VCR) in G1 phase. This finding prompted testing another G1 phase-active compound, palbociclib (PCB), a highly selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6), alone and in combination with VCR. PCB used alone caused G1 arrest in ALL cells with no effect on cell viability, and similar results were obtained for the retinoblastoma (RB)-proficient T98G glioblastoma cell line. In contrast, HeLa cells failed to arrest in the presence of PCB, consistent with their lack of dependence on the CDK4/6-RB pathway. When ALL cells were pretreated with PCB, they became refractory to death in G1 phase induced by VCR treatment, whereas HeLa cells retained VCR sensitivity after PCB pretreatment. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that PCB did not disrupt the microtubule network nor prevent VCR from doing so. Furthermore, ALL cells pretreated with PCB retained susceptibility to the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-263, indicating that downstream apoptotic signaling was unaffected. When released from PCB-enforced arrest, ALL cells reinitiated cycling and regained sensitivity to VCR. ALL cells treated with cycloheximide also arrested in G1 phase and became insensitive to VCR, independently reinforcing conclusions derived from PCB-imposed arrest. Thus, primary ALL cells advancing through G1 phase are strictly dependent on functional microtubules for survival whereas microtubules are dispensable for G1-arrested cells. These findings provide novel insight into interphase microtubule function and, from a therapy standpoint, strongly caution against combining microtubule targeting agents and CDK4/6 inhibitors for ALL.
title: Aerodynamische Analyse der Inspiration bei einseitiger Stimmlippenparese an einem künstlichen Kehlkopfmodell
Creators: name: Kniesburges, Stefan
name: Hartmann, Carina
name: Peters, Gregor
name: Schützenberger, Anne
name: Müller, Andreas
name: Echternach, Matthias
name: Semmler, Marion
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund Die einseitige Stimmlippenlähmung führt in den meisten Fällen zu einem unvollständigen Stimmlippenschluss während der Phonation und einer teilweisen Verengung der Atemwege während der Atmung. Therapeutische Maßnahmen wie die Medialisierung der gelähmten[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
Complete hierarchies of SIR models on arbitrary networks with exact and approximate moment closure
Creators: name: Sharkey, Kieran J
name: Wilkinson, Robert R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first generalise ideas discussed by Kiss et al. (2015) to prove a theorem for generating exact closures (here expressing joint probabilities in terms of their constituent marginal probabilities) for susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) dynamics on arbitrary graphs (networks). For Poisson transmission and removal processes, this enables us to obtain a systematic reduction in the number of differential equations needed for an exact `moment closure' representation of the underlying stochastic model. We define `transmission blocks' as a possible extension of the block concept in graph theory and show that the order at which the exact moment closure representation is curtailed is the size of the largest transmission block. More generally, approximate closures of the hierarchy of moment equations for these dynamics are typically defined for the first and second order yielding mean-field and pairwise models respectively. It is frequently implied that, in principle, closed models can be written down at arbitrary order if only we had the time and patience to do this. However, for epidemic dynamics on networks, these higher-order models have not been defined explicitly. Here we unambiguously define hierarchies of approximate closed models that can utilise subsystem states of any order, and show how well-known models are special cases of these hierarchies.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures
A membrane fusion protein, Ykt6, regulates epithelial cell migration via microRNA-mediated suppression of Junctional Adhesion Molecule A
Creators: name: Naydenov, Nayden G.
name: Joshi, Supriya
name: Feygin, Alex
name: Saini, Siddharth
name: Litovchick, Larisa
name: Ivanov, Andrei I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Vesicle trafficking regulates epithelial cell migration by remodeling matrix adhesions and delivering signaling molecules to the migrating leading edge. Membrane fusion, which is driven by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor associated receptor (SNARE) proteins, is an essential step of vesicle trafficking. Mammalian SNAREs represent a large group of proteins, but few have been implicated in the regulation of cell migration. Ykt6 is a unique SNARE existing in equilibrium between active membrane-bound and inactive cytoplasmic pools, and mediating vesicle trafficking between different intracellular compartments. The biological functions of this protein remain poorly understood. In the present study, we found that Ykt6 acts as a negative regulator of migration and invasion of human prostate epithelial cells. Furthermore, Ykt6 regulates the integrity of epithelial adherens and tight junctions. The observed anti-migratory activity of Ykt6 is mediated by a unique mechanism involving the expressional upregulation of microRNA 145, which selectively decreases the cellular level of Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM) A. This decreased JAM-A expression limits the activity of Rap1 and Rac1 small GTPases, thereby attenuating cell spreading and motility. The described novel functions of Ykt6 could be essential for the regulation of epithelial barriers, epithelial repair, and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.
title: Stimmlippenschwingungen bei Phonation bei halb verschlossenen Resonanzsystemen
Creators: name: Kainz, Marie-Anne
name: Kuranova, Liudmila
name: Köberlein, Marie
name: Guzman, Marco
name: Laukkanen, Anne Maria
name: Döllinger, Michael
name: Richter, Bernhard
name: Echternach, Matthias
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund Phonationen mit Halbverschluss des Vokaltraktes (semi-occluded vocal tract excercises, SOVTE) werden häufig in der Stimmtherapie eingesetzt. Welche Einflüsse diese Übungen auf die Stimmlippenschwingungsfähigkeit aufweisen, ist bis jetzt noch nicht genügend verstanden.[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
Regulation of cyclin E1 expression in human pluripotent stem cells and derived neural progeny
Creators: name: Varela, María Soledad Rodríguez
name: Mucci, Sofía
name: Richardson, Guillermo Agustín Videla
name: Hanon, Olivia Morris
name: Furmento, Verónica Alejandra
name: Miriuka, Santiago Gabriel
name: Sevlever, Gustavo Emilio
name: Scassa, María Elida
name: Romorini, Leonardo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESCs and hiPSCs) show unique cell cycle characteristics, such as a short doubling time due to an abbreviated G1 phase. Whether or not the core cell cycle machinery directly regulates the stemness and/or the differentiation potential of hPSCs remains to be determined. To date, several scenarios describing the atypical cell cycle of hPSCs have been suggested, and therefore there is still controversy over how cyclins, master regulators of the cell cycle, are expressed and regulated. Furthermore, the cell cycle profile and the expression pattern of major cyclins in hESCs-derived neuroprogenitors (NP) have not been studied yet. Therefore, herein we characterized the expression pattern of major cyclins in hPSCs and NP. We determined that all studied cyclins mRNA expression levels fluctuate along cell cycle. Particularly, after a thorough analysis of synchronized cell populations, we observed that cyclin E1 mRNA levels increased sharply in G1/S concomitantly with cyclin E1 protein accumulation in hPSCs and NP. Additionally, we demonstrated that cyclin E1 mRNA expression levels involves the activation of MEK/ERK pathway and the transcription factors c-Myc and E2Fs in hPSCs. Lastly, our results reveal that proteasome mediates the marked down-regulation (degradation) of cyclin E1 protein observed in G2/M by a mechanism that requires a functional CDK2 but not GSK3β activity. Abbreviations: hPSCs: human pluripotent stem cells; hESCs: human embryonic stem cells; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; NP: neuroprogenitors; HF: human foreskin fibroblasts; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; iMEFs: irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts; CDKs: cyclindependent kinases; CKIs: CDK inhibitors; CNS: central nervous system; Oct-4: Octamer-4; EB: embryoid body; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; cTnT: Cardiac Troponin T; MAP-2: microtubule-associated protein; TUJ-1: neuron-specific class III β-tubulin; bFGF: basic fibroblastic growth factor; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; KSR: knock out serum replacement; CM: iMEF conditioned medium; E8: Essential E8 medium
Sediment load determines the shape of rivers
Creators: name: Popović, Predrag
name: Devauchelle, Olivier
name: Abramian, Anaïs
name: Lajeunesse, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding how rivers adjust to the sediment load they carry is critical to predicting the evolution of landscapes. Presently, however, no physically based model reliably captures the dependence of basic river properties, such as its shape or slope, on the discharge of sediment, even in the simple case of laboratory rivers. Here, we show how the balance between fluid stress and gravity acting on the sediment grains, along with cross-stream diffusion of sediment, determines the shape and sediment flux profile of laminar laboratory rivers which carry sediment as bedload. Using this model, which reliably reproduces the experiments without any tuning, we confirm the hypothesis, originally proposed by Parker (1978), that rivers are restricted to exist close to the threshold of sediment motion (within about 20%). This limit is set by the fluid-sediment interaction and is independent of the water and sediment load carried by the river. Thus, as the total sediment discharge increases, the intensity of sediment flux (sediment discharge per unit width) in a river saturates, and the river can only transport more sediment by widening. In this large discharge regime, the cross-stream diffusion of momentum in the flow permits sediment transport. Conversely, in the weak transport regime, the transported sediment concentrates around the river center without significantly altering the river shape. If this theory holds for natural rivers, the aspect ratio of a river could become a proxy for sediment discharge - a quantity notoriously difficult to measure in the field.
title: Evaluation of Measures of Distinctiveness. Classification of Literary Texts on the Basis of Distinctive Words
Creators: name: Du, Keli
name: Dudar, Julia
name: Schöch, Christof
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: This paper concerns an empirical evaluation of nine different measures of distinctiveness or ‘keyness’ in the context of Computational Literary Studies. We use nine different sets of literary texts (specifically, novels) written in seven different languages as a basis for this evaluation. The evaluation is performed as a downstream classification task, where segments of the novels need to be classified by subgenre or period of first publication. The classifier receives different numbers of features identified using different measures of distinctiveness. The main contribution of our paper is that we can show that across a wide variety of parameters, but especially when only a small number of features is used, (more recent) dispersion-based measures very often outperform other (more established) frequency-based measures by significant margins. Our findings support an emerging trend to consider dispersion as an important property of words in addition to frequency.
Farey sequence in the appearance of subharmonic Shapiro steps
Creators: name: Odavic, Jovan
name: Mali, Petar
name: Tekic, Jasmina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Largest Lyapunov exponent has been examined in the dynamical-mode locking phenomena of the ac+dc driven dissipative Frenkel-Kontorova model with deformable substrate potential. Due to deformation, large fractional and higher order subharmonic steps appear in the response function of the system. Computation of the largest Lyapunov exponent as a way to verify their presence led to the observation of the Farey sequence. In the standard regime, between the large harmonic steps, the appearance of halfinteger and subharmonic steps, and their relative sizes follow the Farey construction. In the nonstandard regime, though halfinteger steps are larger than harmonic ones, Farey construction is still present in the appearance of higher order subharmonic steps. The examination of Lyapunov exponents also shows that there is no chaos in the system.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures