cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Formation and evolution of cosmic D-strings
Creators: name: Dvali, Gia
name: Vilenkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of D and F-cosmic strings in D-brane annihilation after brane inflation. We show that D-string formation by quantum de Sitter fluctuations is severely suppressed, due to suppression of RR field fluctuations in compact dimensions. We discuss the resonant mechanism of production of D and F-strings, which are formed as magnetic and electric flux tubes of the two orthogonal gauge fields living on the world-volume of the unstable brane. We outline the subsequent cosmological evolution of the D-F string network. We also compare the nature of these strings with the ordinary cosmic strings and point out some differences and similarities.
description: Added discussion and references
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC INHIBITORS OF TRANSGLUTAMINASE: PHENYLTHIOUREA DERIVATIVES
Creators: name: Lee, Kyung-No
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A series of phenylthiourea derivatives of (alpha),(omega)-diaminoalkanes was designed to retain three structural domains which might have structure-function potentials: (a) an aminoalkyl side chain for inhibition of transglutaminase-catalyzed reactions; (b) a hydrophobic phenyl group for ready uptake by cells; and (c) a thiourea domain for potential inhibition of cell proliferation. The compounds were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of transglutaminase, and their cellular effects were also examined. Five compounds of phenylthiourea-(CH(,2))(,n)-NH(,2) with n = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were tested as inhibitors of both cellular transglutaminase and Factor XIIIa-catalyzed reactions, i.e., (a) amine incorporation into various glutamine-containing substrates, and (b) fibrin clot stabilization. In all the assays the inhibitory activity of the compounds increases with increasing number of methylene groups in the side chain up to a maximum for n = 5. A further increase to n = 6 results in decreased activity. The K(,i) value (4.9 x 10('-5) M) of 1-(5-aminopentyl)-3-phenylthiourea (PPTU). with n = 5, for the inhibition of guinea pig liver transglutaminase-catalyzed amine incorporation into B chain of oxidized insulin is in close agreement to its K(,m(app)) value (7.1 x 10('-5) M) directly obtained using ('14)C-labeled PPTU. The cellular uptake and distribution of PPTU was examined using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The labeled PPTU is rapidly taken up, within 1 hour, by the cells and distributed evenly to nuclear and supernatant fractions. Uptake appears to reach a plateau at 2 hours of incubation. The effect of PPTU on the proliferation of CHO normal cells and B16 melanoma cells was also evaluated. PPTU at concentrations of 4.2 x 10('-3) M and 2.4 x 10('-3) M caused 50% inhibition of CHO and B16 cell proliferation, respectively. A similar dose-dependent effect was observed with 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-phenylthiourea, with n = 2, indicating that side chain length is not a factor but that the phenylthiourea group may be important for cellular uptake and inhibition of cell proliferation. These results suggest that 1-(5-aminopentyl)-3-phenylthiourea (PPTU) is an inhibitor which may be useful for preventing both cellular transglutaminase and Factor XIIIa-catalyzed reactions, and cell proliferation.
Nuclear magnetic resonance implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm using different initial states
Creators: name: Ermakov, Vladimir L.
name: Fung, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm distinguishes constant functions from balanced functions with a single evaluation. In the first part of this work, we present simulations of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) application of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm to a 3-spin system for all possible balanced functions. Three different kinds of initial states are considered: a thermal state, a pseudopure state, and a pair (difference) of pseudopure states. Then, simulations of several balanced functions and the two constant functions of a 5-spin system are described. Finally, corresponding experimental spectra obtained by using a 16-frequency pulse to create an input equivalent to either a constant function or a balanced function are presented, and the results are compared with those obtained from computer simulations.
description: accepted for publication in the Journal of Chemical Physics
Extracting the Gravitational Recoil from Black Hole Merger Signals
Creators: name: Varma, Vijay
name: Isi, Maximiliano
name: Biscoveanu, Sylvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves carry energy, angular momentum, and linear momentum. In generic binary black hole mergers, the loss of linear momentum imparts a recoil velocity, or a "kick", to the remnant black hole. We exploit recent advances in gravitational waveform and remnant black hole modeling to extract information about the kick from the gravitational wave signal. Kick measurements such as these are astrophysically valuable, enabling independent constraints on the rate of second-generation mergers. Further, we show that kicks must be factored into future ringdown tests of general relativity with third-generation gravitational wave detectors to avoid systematic biases. We find that, although little information can be gained about the kick for existing gravitational wave events, interesting measurements will soon become possible as detectors improve. We show that, once LIGO and Virgo reach their design sensitivities, we will reliably extract the kick velocity for generically precessing binaries--including the so-called superkicks, reaching up to 5000 km/s.
description: Matches published version. 10 pages, including supplement
Quantum Chaos of Unitary Fermi Gases in Strong Pairing Fluctuation Region
Creators: name: Han, Xinloong
name: Liu, Boyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth rate of the out-of-time-ordered correlator in a N-flavor Fermi gas is investigated and the Lyapunove exponent $λ_L$ is calculated to the order of $1/N$. We find that the Lyapunove exponent monotonically increases as the the interaction strength increases from the BCS limit to the unitary region. At the unitarity the Lyapunove exponent increases while the temperature drops and it can reach to the order of $λ_L\sim T$ around the critical temperature for the $N=1$ case. The system scrambles faster for stronger pairing fluctuations. At the BCS limit, the Lyapunov exponent behaviors as $λ_L\propto e^{μ/T} a^2_s T^2/N$.
description: 7 pages, 4 Figures
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC INHIBITORS OF TRANSGLUTAMINASE: PHENYLTHIOUREA DERIVATIVES
Creators: name: Lee, Kyung-No
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: A series of phenylthiourea derivatives of (alpha),(omega)-diaminoalkanes was designed to retain three structural domains which might have structure-function potentials: (a) an aminoalkyl side chain for inhibition of transglutaminase-catalyzed reactions; (b) a hydrophobic phenyl group for ready uptake by cells; and (c) a thiourea domain for potential inhibition of cell proliferation. The compounds were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of transglutaminase, and their cellular effects were also examined. Five compounds of phenylthiourea-(CH(,2))(,n)-NH(,2) with n = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were tested as inhibitors of both cellular transglutaminase and Factor XIIIa-catalyzed reactions, i.e., (a) amine incorporation into various glutamine-containing substrates, and (b) fibrin clot stabilization. In all the assays the inhibitory activity of the compounds increases with increasing number of methylene groups in the side chain up to a maximum for n = 5. A further increase to n = 6 results in decreased activity. The K(,i) value (4.9 x 10('-5) M) of 1-(5-aminopentyl)-3-phenylthiourea (PPTU). with n = 5, for the inhibition of guinea pig liver transglutaminase-catalyzed amine incorporation into B chain of oxidized insulin is in close agreement to its K(,m(app)) value (7.1 x 10('-5) M) directly obtained using ('14)C-labeled PPTU. The cellular uptake and distribution of PPTU was examined using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The labeled PPTU is rapidly taken up, within 1 hour, by the cells and distributed evenly to nuclear and supernatant fractions. Uptake appears to reach a plateau at 2 hours of incubation. The effect of PPTU on the proliferation of CHO normal cells and B16 melanoma cells was also evaluated. PPTU at concentrations of 4.2 x 10('-3) M and 2.4 x 10('-3) M caused 50% inhibition of CHO and B16 cell proliferation, respectively. A similar dose-dependent effect was observed with 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-phenylthiourea, with n = 2, indicating that side chain length is not a factor but that the phenylthiourea group may be important for cellular uptake and inhibition of cell proliferation. These results suggest that 1-(5-aminopentyl)-3-phenylthiourea (PPTU) is an inhibitor which may be useful for preventing both cellular transglutaminase and Factor XIIIa-catalyzed reactions, and cell proliferation.
Metal-Insulator-Like Behavior in Semimetallic Bismuth and Graphite
Creators: name: Du, Xu
name: Tsai, Shan-Wen
name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
name: Hebard, Arthur F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When high quality bismuth or graphite crystals are placed in a magnetic field directed along the c-axis (trigonal axis for bismuth) and the temperature is lowered, the resistance increases as it does in an insulator but then saturates. We show that the combination of unusual features specific to semimetals, i.e., low carrier density, small effective mass, high purity, and an equal number of electrons and holes (compensation), gives rise to a unique ordering and spacing of three characteristic energy scales, which not only is specific to semimetals but which concomitantly provides a wide window for the observation of apparent field induced metal-insulator behavior. Using magnetotransport and Hall measurements, the details of this unusual behavior are captured with a conventional multi-band model, thus confirming the occupation by semimetals of a unique niche between conventional metals and semiconductors.
description: 4 pages, 4 figs, data and discussion on bismuth added, final published version
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE MODERNIZATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA
Creators: name: Christoff, Peggy Spitzer
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation explores the question of how and to what extent United States-People's Republic of China (U.S.-P.R.C.) relations in the field of Science and Technology (S & T) contribute to the modernization of S & T in China. It approaches this question by: (a) proposing a model of how U.S.-P.R.C S & T exchanges function; and (b) examining three case studies--earthquake, acupuncture, and esophageal cancer research--to see how U.S.-P.R.C. S & T relations have worked out in practice. The dissertation focuses on such issues as the institutional versus noninstitutional, formal versus informal, governmental versus nongovernmental mechanisms through which U.S.-P.R.C. S & T relations were developed and are carried out. Among the major findings of the dissertation are the following: (1) The contribution of U.S.-P.R.C. S & T relations to the modernization of S & T in China is quite uneven from one field to another. (2) The relative success or failure of U.S.-P.R.C. S & T relations in contributing to China's modernization is dependent in part on the relative proportion of different types of scientists and administrators in the different areas of cooperative research. (3) The modernization of S & T in China is dependent in part on the development of mutually supportive internal and external relationships between and among American and Chinese scientists and administrators.
Properties of phonon modes of ion trap quantum computer in the Aubry phase
Creators: name: Loye, Justin
name: Lages, José
name: Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically and numerically the properties of phonon modes in an ion quantum computer. The ion chain is placed in a harmonic trap with an additional periodic potential which dimensionless amplitude $K$ determines three main phases available for quantum computations: at zero $K$ we have the case of Cirac-Zoller quantum computer, below a certain critical amplitude $KK_c$ ions are in the pinned Aubry phase with a finite frequency gap protecting quantum gates from temperature and other external fluctuations. For the Aubry phase, in contrast to the Cirac-Zoller and KAM phases, the phonon gap remains independent of the number of ions placed in the trap keeping a fixed ion density around the trap center. We show that in the Aubry phase the phonon modes are much better localized comparing to the Cirac-Zoller and KAM cases. Thus in the Aubry phase the recoil pulses lead to local oscillations of ions while in other two phases they spread rapidly over the whole ion chains making them rather sensible to external fluctuations. We argue that the properties of localized phonon modes and phonon gap in the Aubry phase provide advantages for the ion quantum computations in this phase with a large number of ions.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures in the main text, 8 figures in the appendix. Accepted for publication in Physical Review A
Anytime Inference with Distilled Hierarchical Neural Ensembles
Creators: name: Ruiz, Adria
name: Verbeek, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inference in deep neural networks can be computationally expensive, and networks capable of anytime inference are important in mscenarios where the amount of compute or quantity of input data varies over time. In such networks the inference process can interrupted to provide a result faster, or continued to obtain a more accurate result. We propose Hierarchical Neural Ensembles (HNE), a novel framework to embed an ensemble of multiple networks in a hierarchical tree structure, sharing intermediate layers. In HNE we control the complexity of inference on-the-fly by evaluating more or less models in the ensemble. Our second contribution is a novel hierarchical distillation method to boost the prediction accuracy of small ensembles. This approach leverages the nested structure of our ensembles, to optimally allocate accuracy and diversity across the individual models. Our experiments show that, compared to previous anytime inference models, HNE provides state-of-the-art accuracy-computate trade-offs on the CIFAR-10/100 and ImageNet datasets.
Additional file 1 of Deletion of B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) alters the responses of glial cells in white matter to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kaoru
name: Shinohara, Mitsuru
name: Uno, Yoshihiro
name: Tashiro, Yoshitaka
name: Ghupurjan Gheni
name: Yamamoto, Miho
name: Fukumori, Akio
name: Shindo, Akihiko
name: Mashimo, Tomoji
name: Tomimoto, Hidekazu
name: Sato, Naoyuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Anxiety/exploratory parameters in the open-field test. The ratio of distance travelled in the inner zone (a) or outer zone (b) to the distance traveled overall was compared among groups by Tukey’s HSD test. Data are adjusted means ± SEM. n.s., not significant. Supplementary Figure 2. Probe test results of the Morris water maze test. NE: northeast quadrant area; NW: northwest; SE: southeast; SW: southwest. The platform was in the NE quadrant area (target quadrant). Time spent in each non-target quadrant was compared with the duration spent in the target quadrant in each group. Data are adjusted means ± SEM. ***p < 0001; Tukey–Kramer test. The following numbers of mice were used: wild-type + Sham, n = 13; wild-type + BCAS, n = 15; Btg2-/- + Sham, n = 11; Btg2-/- + BCAS, n = 16. Supplementary Figure 3. Immunohistochemical observations of glia cells in the corpus callosum (CC) of sham/BCAS-treated wild-type and Btg2-/- mice. (a) Staining for GFAP (upper), Iba1 (middle), and Mac2 (lower). Scale bar = 20μm. CC is inside the white dotted lines. (b) Immunoreactive (IR) areas were compared among groups after adjusting for sex. Adjusted mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, as determined by Tukey’s HSD test. n.s., not significant. Supplementary Figure 4. Protein levels of astrocyte marker GFAP (a) and microglial marker CD11b (b) in the brain of sham/BCAS-treated wild-type and Btg2-/- mice. All mice were male. Data are means ± SD. Differences were evaluated by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. n.s., not significant. Supplementary Figure 5. Cell proliferation analysis using 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in mixed glial cells derived from wild-type and Btg2-/- mice. Samples were co-immunostained with anti-GFAP (a and c) or anti-Iba1 antibodies (b and d). Images show BrdU-positive (red), DAPI-positive (blue), and GFAP-positive cells (green, a) or Iba1-positive cells (green, b) treated with vehicle control, 100 ng/ml LPS, 10 U/ml IFNγ, or 100 ng/ml LPS + 10 U/ml IFNγ. The proportion of double-positive cells for BrdU and GFAP (c) or Iba1 (d), as percentages of total GFAP (c) or Iba1 (d) -positive cells, was compared among groups. Means ± SD. *p < 0.05, and ***p < 0.001, as determined by Student’s t-test. Scale bar = 100 μm. Supplementary Table 1. Two- or three-way ANOVA Results
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE MODERNIZATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA
Creators: name: Christoff, Peggy Spitzer
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This dissertation explores the question of how and to what extent United States-People's Republic of China (U.S.-P.R.C.) relations in the field of Science and Technology (S & T) contribute to the modernization of S & T in China. It approaches this question by: (a) proposing a model of how U.S.-P.R.C S & T exchanges function; and (b) examining three case studies--earthquake, acupuncture, and esophageal cancer research--to see how U.S.-P.R.C. S & T relations have worked out in practice. The dissertation focuses on such issues as the institutional versus noninstitutional, formal versus informal, governmental versus nongovernmental mechanisms through which U.S.-P.R.C. S & T relations were developed and are carried out. Among the major findings of the dissertation are the following: (1) The contribution of U.S.-P.R.C. S & T relations to the modernization of S & T in China is quite uneven from one field to another. (2) The relative success or failure of U.S.-P.R.C. S & T relations in contributing to China's modernization is dependent in part on the relative proportion of different types of scientists and administrators in the different areas of cooperative research. (3) The modernization of S & T in China is dependent in part on the development of mutually supportive internal and external relationships between and among American and Chinese scientists and administrators.
A HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND COLLEGE OF SPECIAL AND CONTINUATION STUDIES (UNIVERSITY COLLEGE): THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WORLD-WIDE EDUCATION PROGRAM, 1947-1956 (ADULT EDUCATION, MILITARY, OVERSEAS)
Creators: name: Clutter, Bill Garland
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education

description: This history of the University of Maryland College of Special and Continuation Studies (CSCS) chronicles the early development of the college, defines its unique mission, and examines in depth its special involvement with the military. Attention is also given to the development of specialized curricula and innovative policies and procedures that distinguish this college from its peer institutions. Included are the campus struggles, the behind the scenes battles, the disappointments as well as the many successes. For it is after all a study of the people who guided the College of Special and Continuation Studies through turbulent times, nurtured it and finally saw it through to maturity--an institution no longer dependent upon the personal support or whim of a given administrator, but finally accepted, recognized and appreciated as the pioneering "giant" that it became, particularly in terms of providing higher adult education for the military. Many contributed to this evolutionary process, but among them stands one who deserves special mention. William Raymond Ehrensberger was involved with the College of Special and Continuation Studies from its very earliest days, first as a teacher of speech at the Pentagon (1947) and then as the first director of the Overseas Program--Europe (1950). After a brief absence from the university, he returned to head up the college for the next twenty-three years (1952-1975). After a time Ehrensberger came to personalize the College of Special and Continuation Studies, and vice-versa. It was impossible to think of one without the other. It is only natural then that much of this work focuses on his singular contributions to the success of the college and its enviable position among civilian institutions as the leader, nonpareil, in providing off-duty educational opportunities for the military. Finally this history looks beyond the people and events themselves to the less obvious factors that played a part in the development of the college: the intangibles such as timing, the impact of outside forces, and varied leadership styles. The study concludes with an assessment of the unique contributions of the College of Special and Continuation Studies and attempts to place these in a proper context with other important contemporary movements and phenomena in higher adult education.
The Development of the Arts
Creators: name: Black, G. V. (Greene Vardiman), 1836-1915.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1879
Subjects: subject: Literary Union (Jacksonville, Ill.)
subject: Art
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities
subject: Art
subject: Humanities

description: Presented to the Literary Union of Jacksonville, Ill
The kinetic description of vacuum particle creation in the oscillator representation
Creators: name: Pervushin, V. N.
name: Skokov, V. V.
name: Reichel, A. V.
name: Smolyansky, S. A.
name: Prozorkevich, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oscillator representation is used for the non-perturbative description of vacuum particle creation in a strong time-dependent electric field in the framework of scalar QED. It is shown that the method can be more effective for the derivation of the quantum kinetic equation (KE) in comparison with the Bogoliubov method of time-dependent canonical transformations. This KE is used for the investigation of vacuum creation in periodical linear and circular polarized electric fields and also in the case of the presence of a constant magnetic field, including the back reaction problem. In particular, these examples are applied for a model illustration of some features of vacuum creation of electron-positron plasma within the planned experiments on the X-ray free electron lasers.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, v2: a reference added; some changes in text
A HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND COLLEGE OF SPECIAL AND CONTINUATION STUDIES (UNIVERSITY COLLEGE): THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WORLD-WIDE EDUCATION PROGRAM, 1947-1956 (ADULT EDUCATION, MILITARY, OVERSEAS)
Creators: name: Clutter, Bill Garland
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This history of the University of Maryland College of Special and Continuation Studies (CSCS) chronicles the early development of the college, defines its unique mission, and examines in depth its special involvement with the military. Attention is also given to the development of specialized curricula and innovative policies and procedures that distinguish this college from its peer institutions. Included are the campus struggles, the behind the scenes battles, the disappointments as well as the many successes. For it is after all a study of the people who guided the College of Special and Continuation Studies through turbulent times, nurtured it and finally saw it through to maturity--an institution no longer dependent upon the personal support or whim of a given administrator, but finally accepted, recognized and appreciated as the pioneering "giant" that it became, particularly in terms of providing higher adult education for the military. Many contributed to this evolutionary process, but among them stands one who deserves special mention. William Raymond Ehrensberger was involved with the College of Special and Continuation Studies from its very earliest days, first as a teacher of speech at the Pentagon (1947) and then as the first director of the Overseas Program--Europe (1950). After a brief absence from the university, he returned to head up the college for the next twenty-three years (1952-1975). After a time Ehrensberger came to personalize the College of Special and Continuation Studies, and vice-versa. It was impossible to think of one without the other. It is only natural then that much of this work focuses on his singular contributions to the success of the college and its enviable position among civilian institutions as the leader, nonpareil, in providing off-duty educational opportunities for the military. Finally this history looks beyond the people and events themselves to the less obvious factors that played a part in the development of the college: the intangibles such as timing, the impact of outside forces, and varied leadership styles. The study concludes with an assessment of the unique contributions of the College of Special and Continuation Studies and attempts to place these in a proper context with other important contemporary movements and phenomena in higher adult education.
Near optimal angular quadratures for polarised radiative transfer
Creators: name: Stepan, Jiri
name: Bestard, Jaume Jaume
name: Bueno, Javier Trujillo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer (RT) problems, the tensor product quadratures are generally not optimal in terms of the number of discrete ray directions needed for a given accuracy of the angular integration of the radiation field. In this paper, we derive a new set of angular quadrature rules that are more suitable for solving 3D RT problems with the short- and long-characteristics formal solvers. These quadratures are more suitable than the currently used ones for the numerical calculation of the radiation field tensors that are relevant in the problem of the generation and transfer of polarised radiation without assuming local thermodynamical equilibrium (non-LTE). We show that our new quadratures can save up to about 30\,\% of computing time with respect to the Gaussian-trapezoidal product quadratures with the same accuracy.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 15 of Neoadjuvant strategies in resectable carcinoma esophagus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Creators: name: Kumar, Tarun
name: Pai, Esha
name: Singh, Rajesh
name: Francis, Neville J.
name: Pandey, Manoj
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 15:. PRISMA Checklist
Indirect detection prospects for d$^*$(2380) dark matter
Creators: name: Beck, Geoff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Bose-Einstein condensate of the hexaquark particle known as d$^*$(2380) has been recently proposed as a dark matter candidate by the authors in Bashkanov \& Watts 2020. This particle can produced in an abundant condensate state in the early universe and is argued to satisfy all the stability and weak interaction constraints of a viable dark matter candidate. This dark matter candidate is able to evade direct detection bounds and is suggested to have the best observational prospects in the form of indirect astrophysical emissions due to the decay of the d$^*$ condensate. In this work we test the indirect observational prospects of this form of dark matter and find that its low mass $\sim 2$ GeV mean that sub-GeV gamma-rays searches have the best prospects in the Milky-Way galactic centre where we find $Γ_{d^*} < 3.9 \times 10^{-24}$ s$^{-1}$, with current extra-galactic data from M31 and the Coma cluster producing constraints on the d$^*$ decay rate two orders of magnitude weaker. In dwarf galaxies we show that the future GAMMA-400 instrument has the potential to probe down to $Γ_{d^*} \sim 10^{-25}$ s$^{-1}$ with 4 years of exposure time.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Two-pion production processes, chiral symmetry and NN interaction in the medium
Creators: name: Chanfray, G.
name: Davesne, D.
name: Ericson, M.
name: Martini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-pion propagator in the nuclear medium. This quantity appears in the $π-π$ T-matrix and we show that it also enters the QCD scalar susceptibility. The medium effects on this propagator are due to the influence of the individual nucleon response to a scalar field through their pion clouds. This response is appreciably increased by the nuclear environment. It produces an important convergence effect between the scalar and pseudoscalar susceptibilities, reflecting the reshaping of the scalar strengh observed in $2π$ production experiments. While a large modification of the $σ$ propagator follows, due to its coupling to two pion states, we show that the NN potential remains instead unaffected.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, submitted to EPJ A
Grandma's local realistic theory for the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger experiment
Creators: name: Lan, Boon Leong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A realistic theory is constructed for the GHZ experiment. It is shown that the theory is local and it reproduces all the probabilistic predictions of quantum theory. This local realistic theory shows that GHZ had formulated Einstein's locality or no-action-at-a-distance principle incorrectly in their local realistic theory for the experiment.
Additional file 1 of A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports
Creators: name: Bendtsen, Katja M.
name: Bengtsen, Elizabeth
name: Saber, Anne T.
name: Vogel, Ulla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 5 of Simple semi-high throughput determination of activity signatures of key antioxidant enzymes for physiological phenotyping
Creators: name: Fimognari, Lorenzo
name: Dölker, Rebecca
name: Kaselyte, Greta
name: Jensen, Camilla N. G.
name: Akhtar, Saqib S.
name: Großkinsky, Dominik K.
name: Roitsch, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S3. Antioxidant enzymatic activities during pathogen stress. Nicotiana tabacum plants were grown for 60 days in the greenhouse, thereafter, the plants were treated with either the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci (Pst) which is virulent in Nicotiana tabacum, the avirulent strain Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola (Psp), mechanical wounding, MgCl2 as a control or untreated plants. Leaves were harvested at 2, 8, 24 and 48 hours after treatment and the enzymatic activities of the ten antioxidant scavenging enzymes were tested and normalized by protein content. Bars indicate standard deviations of three independent biological replicates.
Characterizing the spectra of cardinalities of branches of Kurepa trees
Creators: name: Poór, Márk
name: Shelah, Saharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 03E35, Secondary 03E05, 03E45

description: We give a complete characterization of the sets of cardinals that in a suitable forcing extension can be the Kurepa spectrum, that is, the set of cardinalities of branches of Kurepa trees. This answers a question of the first named author.
The halo model as a versatile tool to predict intrinsic alignments
Creators: name: Fortuna, Maria Cristina
name: Hoekstra, Henk
name: Joachimi, Benjamin
name: Johnston, Harry
name: Chisari, Nora Elisa
name: Georgiou, Christos
name: Mahony, Constance
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxies are an important contaminant for cosmic shear studies, but the modelling is complicated by the dependence of the signal on the source galaxy sample. In this paper, we use the halo model formalism to capture this diversity and examine its implications for Stage-III and Stage-IV cosmic shear surveys. We account for the different IA signatures at large and small scales, as well for the different contributions from central/satellite and red/blue galaxies, and we use realistic mocks to account for the characteristics of the galaxy populations as a function of redshift. We inform our model using the most recent observational findings: we include a luminosity dependence at both large and small scales and a radial dependence of the signal within the halo. We predict the impact of the total IA signal on the lensing angular power spectra, including the current uncertainties from the IA best-fits to illustrate the range of possible impact on the lensing signal: the lack of constraints for fainter galaxies is the main source of uncertainty for our predictions of the IA signal. We investigate how well effective models with limited degrees of freedom can account for the complexity of the IA signal. Although these lead to negligible biases for Stage-III surveys, we find that, for Stage-IV surveys, it is essential to at least include an additional parameter to capture the redshift dependence.
description: 21 pages, 15 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
TRACE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER BY CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES (ELECTROCATALYTIC)
Creators: name: Heuser, John R.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The cation exchange separation and subsequent electrochemical or colorimetric detection of the resolved metal ions is a useful tool for the detection of transition metal ions. The metal ions were separated on a high capacity cation exchange column in the sodium form. The eluent used was a sodium tartrate-tartaric acid buffer. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of tartaric acid concentration and soluble sodium salt concentration on the retention of the metal ions: copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, iron, and manganese. Mathematical models were derived to explain the retention phenomena. It was shown that the logarithm of the adjusted retention time is proportional to the logarithm of tartaric acid concentration and inversely proportional to the logarithm of sodium concentration. Of the four detection methods investigated, secondary constant potential coulometric, direct reduction, electrocatalytic effect, and colorimetric detection, the electrocatalytic effect and colorimetric detection following a post-column reaction with PAR (4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol) were the most sensitive techniques. The electrocatalytic effect is based on the oxidation of the metal-tartrate complex and oxidation of the tartrate. The metal ions can then cycle through the reaction many times while present in the detector cell. This approach is limited in application to cobalt and manganese. The colorimetric detection following a post-column reaction with PAR is a very sensitive technique which can be applied to all of the metal ions under study.
Darboux transformation for two-level systems
Creators: name: Bagrov, V. G.
name: Baldiotti, M. C.
name: Gitman, D. M.
name: Shamshutdinova, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34A05; 34A30; 78A60; 81Q05; 81V80

description: We develop the Darboux procedure for the case of the two-level system. In particular, it is demonstrated that one can construct the Darboux intertwining operator that does not violate the specific structure of the equations of the two-level system, transforming only one real potential into another real potential. We apply the obtained Darboux transformation to known exact solutions of the two-level system. Thus, we find three classes of new solutions for the two-level system and the corresponding new potentials that allow such solutions.
description: 10 pages
Additional file 1 of Professional stakeholder’s views of adolescent weight management programmes: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Jones, Helen M.
name: Oyinlola Oyebode
name: G. J. Melendez-Torres
name: Al-Khudairy, Lena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Semi-structured interview guide. List of questions that were used as a guide to interview participants.
Reducing Language Barriers in Health Insurance Access among Chicago Public Schools Korean-Speaking Families
Creators: name: Nam, Joon Kyung
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Korean
subject: language barriers
subject: public schools
subject: Chicago
subject: Health insurance access
subject: Language
subject: Health Services Accessibility
subject: Health Equity
subject: Students
subject: Asian
subject: Insurance, Health
subject: Chicago (Ill.)

description: The objectives of this study were to explore the underlying problems in the Chicago Public School (CPS) system related to language barriers and to examine the effect of reducing the language barrier in the CPS hotline service for parents of Korean-speaking students. Ultimately, this study aimed to reduce disparities in health insurance access among all non-English speaking students that have had no language support.
Nature of two massive protostellar candidates: IRAs 21307+5049 and IRAS 22172+5549
Creators: name: Fontani, F.
name: Cesaroni, R.
name: Testi, L.
name: Molinari, S.
name: Zhang, Q.
name: Brand, J.
name: Walmsley, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of continuum and molecular lines towards the protostar candidates IRAS 21307+5049 and IRAS 22172+5549. Single-dish maps in the 12CO(2--1), C18O(2--1), HCO+(1--0) lines and sub-mm continuum are compared with interferometric maps in the 12CO(1--0) line and 3 mm continuum, and with mid- and near-infrared images. A plausible interpretation of our data based on the continuum maps and spectral energy distributions is that two components are present: a compact molecular core, responsible for the continuum emission at wavelengths longer than ~25 \mum, and a cluster of stars located close to the center of the core, but not spatially coincident with it, responsible for the emission at shorter wavelengths. The core is approximately located at the center of the associated molecular outflow, detected for both sources in the 12CO(1--0) and (2--1) lines. The cores have masses of ~50 M_{\odot}, and luminosities of ~10^{3} L_{\odot}. The outflows parameters are consistent with those typically found in high-mass young stellar objects. Our results support the hypothesis that in these sources the luminosity is dominated by accretion rather than by nuclear burning. We conclude that the sources embedded inside the cores are likely protostars with mass ~5-8 M_{\odot}.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures
TRACE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER BY CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES (ELECTROCATALYTIC)
Creators: name: Heuser, John R.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3401
subject: Analytical chemistry

description: The cation exchange separation and subsequent electrochemical or colorimetric detection of the resolved metal ions is a useful tool for the detection of transition metal ions. The metal ions were separated on a high capacity cation exchange column in the sodium form. The eluent used was a sodium tartrate-tartaric acid buffer. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of tartaric acid concentration and soluble sodium salt concentration on the retention of the metal ions: copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, iron, and manganese. Mathematical models were derived to explain the retention phenomena. It was shown that the logarithm of the adjusted retention time is proportional to the logarithm of tartaric acid concentration and inversely proportional to the logarithm of sodium concentration. Of the four detection methods investigated, secondary constant potential coulometric, direct reduction, electrocatalytic effect, and colorimetric detection, the electrocatalytic effect and colorimetric detection following a post-column reaction with PAR (4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol) were the most sensitive techniques. The electrocatalytic effect is based on the oxidation of the metal-tartrate complex and oxidation of the tartrate. The metal ions can then cycle through the reaction many times while present in the detector cell. This approach is limited in application to cobalt and manganese. The colorimetric detection following a post-column reaction with PAR is a very sensitive technique which can be applied to all of the metal ions under study.
A fine quantum mechanism of classical gravity
Creators: name: Ivanov, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that screening the background of super-strong interacting gravitons ensures the Newtonian attraction, if a part of single gravitons is pairing and graviton pairs are destructed by collisions with a body. If the considered quantum mechanism of classical gravity is realized in the nature, than an existence of black holes contradicts to the equivalence principle. In such the model, Newton's constant is proportional to $H^{2}/T^{4},$ where $H$ is the Hubble constant, $T$ is an equivalent temperature of the graviton background. The estimate of the Hubble constant is obtained for the Newtonian limit: $H=3.026 \cdot 10^{-18} s^{-1}$ (or $94.576 km \cdot s^{-1} \cdot Mpc^{-1}$).
description: 9 pages, LaTeX. Contribution to the Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting (MG10), 20-26 July 2003, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Varsity sport and interculturalism
Creators: name: Bourgeois, Michael
name: Enns, Tyler
name: Bartnik, Jerod
name: Dong, Christopher
name: Shanks, Kirsti
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
KINETICS OF CALCIUM ION FLUXES ASSOCIATED WITH HISTAMINE RELEASE IN THE RAT MAST CELL
Creators: name: McClain, David Edward
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The involvement of Ca('2+) in secretion is not completely understood. It has been proposed that stimulation leads to an uptake of extracellular Ca('2+) into the cytosol, thus triggering Ca('2+)-sensitive, intracellular processes that lead to exocytosis. In the mast cell, one of the difficulties in testing this hypothesis has been the inability to measure with sufficient precision and accuracy the rapid Ca('2+) movements and histamine secretion that occur after stimulation. This study describes a new method of rapid sampling capable of distinguishing the sequences of histamine release, Ca('2+) uptake, and Ca('2+) efflux in the stimulated mast cell. Measurements of Ca('2+) efflux and histamine release during stimulation show that the two events occur simultaneously. Ca('2+) may therefore be released by the same mechanism that releases histamine from the cell. The bulk of the Ca('2+) uptake from the extracellular medium is shown to occur after histamine release in compound 48/80- and ionophore A23187-stimulated cells. This indicates Ca('2+) uptake is a late event in the secretion process and not the trigger for secretion. Cell-associated calcium pools must therefore provide the Ca('2+) that increases the cytosolic concentration of this ion. The involvement of these calcium pools was probed using the Ca('2+)-chelating agent, EGTA, and the Ca('2+)-binding protein, calmodulin. There are several EGTA-sensitive Ca('2+) pools in the cell, but the identity of these stores remains a mystery. A novel, Ca('2+)-dependent inhibition of histamine release by extracellular calmodulin has been identified, suggesting there are Ca('2+)-binding control sites at or near the outer surface of the plasma membrane. The results presented here are consistent with recent reports that stimulation of membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol metabolism may be the critical event in mast cell stimulation which triggers the release of endogenous stores of Ca('2+) into the cytosol.