cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of extreme melt events on ice flow and sea level rise of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Creators: name: Beckmann, Johanna
name: Winkelmann, Ricarda
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Arctic
subject: Greenland
subject: extreme event
subject: ice flow
subject: ice sheet
subject: sea level
subject: sea level change
subject: snowmelt
subject: warming
subject: 910

description: Over the past decade, Greenland has experienced several extreme melt events, the most pronounced ones in the years 2010, 2012 and 2019. With progressing climate change, such extreme melt events can be expected to occur more frequently and potentially become more severe and persistent. So far, however, projections of ice loss and sea level change from Greenland typically rely on scenarios which only take gradual changes in the climate into account. Using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), we investigate the effect of extreme melt events on the overall mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the changes in ice flow, invoked by the altered surface topography. As a first constraint, this study estimates the overall effect of extreme melt events on the cumulative mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet. We find that the sea level contribution from Greenland might increase by 2 to 45 cm (0.2 % to 14 %) by the year 2300 if extreme events occur more frequently in the future under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, and the ice sheet area might be reduced by an additional 6000 to 26 000 km2 by 2300 in comparison to future warming scenarios without extremes. In conclusion, projecting the future sea level contribution from the Greenland Ice Sheet requires consideration of the changes in both the frequency and intensity of extreme events. It is crucial to individually address these extremes at a monthly resolution as temperature forcing with the same excess temperature but evenly distributed over longer timescales (e.g., seasonal) leads to less sea level rise than for the simulations of the resolved extremes. Extremes lead to additional mass loss and thinning. This, in turn, reduces the driving stress and surface velocities, ultimately dampening the ice loss attributed to ice flow and discharge. Overall, we find that the surface elevation feedback largely amplifies melting for scenarios with and without extremes, with additional mass loss attributed to this feedback having the greatest impact on projected sea level.
Aceras anthropophorum x (Orchis militaris x O. purpurea).
Blütenanalyse, montiert auf Papier erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1973

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Frankreich: Gers, Masseube (16.5.1973, HR 17334); Gers, Masseube (16.5.1973, HR 17335).
In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet und als HR 17334 und HR 17335 abgelegt, eingereiht unter Aceras x Orchis
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Robust Adaptive Control of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems with Unmatched Uncertainties
Creators: name: Zhao, Pan
name: Snyder, Steven
name: Hovakimyana, Naira
name: Cao, Chengyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In controlling systems with large operating envelopes, it is often necessary to adjust the desired dynamics according to operating conditions. This paper presents a robust adaptive control architecture for linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems that allows for the desired dynamics to be systematically scheduled, while being able to handle a broad class of uncertainties, both matched and unmatched, which can depend on both time and states. The proposed controller adopts an L1 adaptive control architecture for designing the adaptive control law and peak-to-peak gain (PPG) minimization for designing the robust control law to mitigate the effect of unmatched uncertainties. Leveraging the PPG bound of an LPV system, we derive transient and steady-state performance bounds in terms of the input and output signals of the actual closed-loop system as compared to the same signals of a nominal system. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated by extensive simulations using the short-period dynamics of an F-16 aircraft operating in a large envelope.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures
Direct Measurement of Single-Molecule Ligand-Receptor Interactions
Creators: name: Lam, K.-T.
name: Taylor, E. L.
name: Thompson, Andrew James
name: Ruepp, Marc-David
name: Lochner, Martin
name: Martinez, M. J.
name: Brozik, James A.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 0
Subjects: 570 Life sciences; biology
610 Medicine & health
540 Chemistry

description: Measuring the kinetics that govern ligand-receptor interactions is fundamental to our understanding of pharmacology. For ligand-gated ion channels, binding of an agonist triggers allosteric motions that open an integral ion-permeable pore. By mathematically modelling stochastic electrophysiological responses with high temporal resolution (ms), previous single channel studies have been able to infer the rate constants of ligands binding to these receptors. However, there are no reports of the direct measurement of the single-molecule binding events that are vital to how agonists exert their functional effects. For the first time, we report these direct measurements, the rate constants, and corresponding free energy changes, that describe the transitions between the different binding states. To achieve this, we use the super resolution technique: points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) to observe binding of ATP to orthosteric binding sites on the P2X1 receptor. Furthermore, an analysis of time-resolved single-molecule interactions is used to measure elementary rate constants and thermodynamic forces that drive the allosteric motions. These single-molecule measurements unequivocally establish the location of each binding states of the P2X1 receptor and the stochastic nature of the interaction with its native ligand. The analysis leads to the measurement of the forward and reverse rates from a weak ligand binding state to a strong ligand binding state that is linked to allosteric motion and ion pore formation. These rates (kα = 1.41 sec-1 and kβ = 0.32 sec-1) were then used to determine the free energy associated with this critical mechanistic step (3.7 kJ/mol). Importantly, the described methods can be readily applied to all ligand-gated ion channels, and more broadly to the molecular interactions of other classes of membrane proteins.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 05.02.1940, erstellt vermutlich von Marie Bloch, Sternwarte Lyon
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1940

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Bleistift und Farbstift, erstellt als Zeichnung auf einem eigenen Vordruck der Sternwarte Lyon. Instrument: unbekannt
The Effect of Target Transparency on Managers’ Target Setting Decisions
Creators: name: Arnold, Markus C.
name: Artz, M.
name: Tafkov, I. D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2019
Subjects: 330 Economics

description: This study investigates via an experiment the effects of target transparency on managers’ target setting decisions. Specifically, we investigate whether target transparency, which reflects employees’ knowledge about each other’s targets, affects managers’ target setting decisions and whether this effect depends on the need for help and cooperation among employees. Consistent with our predictions, we find that target transparency and need for help and cooperation interact to influence manager’s target setting decisions. Specifically, target transparency reduces target divergence (i.e., the difference between individual employee targets), and this reduction is greater when the need for help and cooperation is high than when it is low. Additional analyses provide support for our underlying theory by revealing that managers strategically set targets in an attempt to motivate both effort at the individual level and help and cooperation among employees when such are needed.
Additional file 1 of The effect of different preventive strategies during total joint arthroplasty on periprosthetic joint infection: a network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Wu, Yongtao
name: Xiang, Xinni
name: Ma, Yimei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1: The search strategy of English database
Mass-dependent Selenium Isotopic Fractionation during Microbial Reduction of Seleno-oxyanions by Phylogenetically Diverse Bacteria
Creators: name: Schilling, Kathrin
name: Basu, Anirban
name: Wanner, Christoph
name: Sanford, Robert A
name: Pallud, Celine
name: Johnson, Thomas M
name: Mason, Paul R.D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Science
Year: 0
Subjects: 550 Earth sciences & geology

description: Selenium (Se) isotope fractionation has been widely used for constraining redox conditions and microbial processes in both modern and ancient environments, but our knowledge of the controls on fractionation during microbial reduction of Se-oxyanions is based on a limited number of studies. Here we complement and expand the currently available pure culture data for Se isotope fractionation by investigating for the first time six phylogenetically and physiologically non-respiring bacterial strains that reduce Se-oxyanions to elemental Se [Se(0)]. Experiments were performed with either selenate [Se(VI)] or selenite [Se(IV)] at lower, more environmentally-relevant concentrations (9 to 47 μM) than previously investigated. Enterobacter cloacae SLD1a-1, Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans Co23 and Desulfitobacterium sp. Viet-1 were incubated with Se(VI) and Se(IV). Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA, Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans FRC-W and Shewanella sp. (NR) were examined for their ability reducing Se(IV) to Se(0). Our data confirm that microbial reduction of both Se-oxyanions is accompanied by large kinetic isotopic fractionation (reported as 82/76ε =1000*(82/76α-1) ‰). Under our experimental conditions, microbial reduction of Se(VI) shows consistently greater isotope fractionation (ε= -9.2‰ to -11.8‰) than reduction of Se(IV) (ε= -6.2 to -7.8‰) confirming the difference in metabolic pathways for the reduction of the two Se-oxyanions. For Se(VI), the inverse relationship between normalized cell specific reduction rate (cSRR) and Se isotope fractionation suggests that the kinetic isotope effect for Se(VI) reduction is governed by an enzymatically-specific pathway related to the bacterial strain-specific physiology. In contrast, the lack of correlation between normalized cSRR and isotope fractionation for Se(IV) reduction indicates a non-enzyme specific pathway which is dominantly extracellular. Our study highlights the importance to understand microbially-mediated Se isotope fractionation depending on Se species, and cell-specific reduction rates before Se isotope ratios can become a fully applicable tool to interpret Se isotopic changes in modern and ancient environments.
Design and Sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)
Creators: name: Aguilar, J. A.
name: Allison, P.
name: Beatty, J. J.
name: Bernhoff, H.
name: Besson, D.
name: Bingefors, N.
name: Botner, O.
name: Buitink, S.
name: Carter, K.
name: Clark, B. A.
name: Connolly, A.
name: Dasgupta, P.
name: de Kockere, S.
name: de Vries, K. D.
name: Deaconu, C.
name: DuVernois, M. A.
name: Feigl, N.
name: Garcia-Fernandez, D.
name: Glaser, C.
name: Hallgren, A.
name: Hallmann, S.
name: Hanson, J. C.
name: Hendricks, B.
name: Hokanson-Fasig, B.
name: Hornhuber, C.
name: Hughes, K.
name: Karle, A.
name: Kelley, J. L.
name: Klein, S. R.
name: Krebs, R.
name: Lahmann, R.
name: Magnuson, M.
name: Meures, T.
name: Meyers, Z. S.
name: Nelles, A.
name: Novikov, A.
name: Oberla, E.
name: Oeyen, B.
name: Pandya, H.
name: Plaisier, I.
name: Pyras, L.
name: Ryckbosch, D.
name: Scholten, O.
name: Seckel, D.
name: Smith, D.
name: Southall, D.
name: Torres, J.
name: Toscano, S.
name: Broeck, D. J. Van Den
name: van Eijndhoven, N.
name: Vieregg, A. G.
name: Welling, C.
name: Wissel, S.
name: Young, R.
name: Zink, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents the design of the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G) and discusses its scientific prospects. Using an array of radio sensors, RNO-G seeks to measure neutrinos above 10 PeV by exploiting the Askaryan effect in neutrino-induced cascades in ice. We discuss the experimental considerations that drive the design of RNO-G, present first measurements of the hardware that is to be deployed and discuss the projected sensitivity of the instrument. RNO-G will be the first production-scale radio detector for in-ice neutrino signals.
description: 51 pages, 27 figures, version updated to include corrected figure of effective areas and error in caption
Dysponetus Levinsen 1879
Creators: name: Watson, Charlotte
name: Chivers, Adam J.
name: Narayanaswamy, Bhavani E.
name: Lamont, Peter
name: Turnewitsch, Robert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Phyllodocida
Chrysopetalidae
Dysponetus

description: Dysponetus Levinsen, 1879
 Dysponetus pygmaeus Levinsen, 1879: 9, Pl. 1, Figs 1–6 [type species]
description: Published as part of Watson, Charlotte, Chivers, Adam J., Narayanaswamy, Bhavani E., Lamont, Peter & Turnewitsch, Robert, 2014, Chrysopetalidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from the Senghor Seamount, north-east Atlantic: taxa with deep-sea affinities and morphological adaptations, pp. 311-325 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71 on page 315, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2014.71.24, http://zenodo.org/record/12212666
AIUB Sentinel-2B kinematic Orbits.
Creators: name: Arnold, Daniel
name: Jäggi, Adrian
Publisher: name: Astronomical Institute University of Bern (AIUB)
Year: 2020
Subjects: 520 Astronomy

description: This product contains kinematic orbit positions of the Sentinel-2B satellite given in daily batches organized in yearly subdirectories since March 10, 2017 to present. The download points to the most current release. Filenaming: S2B_RL_.KIN.bz2 : Release number : year (last two digits) : day of year
1 Brief an Emanuel Bernoulli-Müller, Basler Kunstverein
Creators: name: Füssli, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1891

description: S. 4: Registraturvermerk des Basler Kunstvereins von der Hand E. Bernoullis.
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Deutsch
Serapias cordigera x S. laxiflora, beschriftet mit: S. cordigera x S. vomeracea subsp. laxiflora.
Blütenanalyse, montiert auf Papier erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1988

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus Griechenland: Lesvos (Nähe Perama, 8./11.4.1988, HR 188026); Lesvos (Nähe Perama, 8./11.4.1988, HR 188027); Lesvos (Nähe Perama, 8./11.4.1988, HR 188028).
In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet und in HR 188026 - HR 188028 aufsteigend abgelegt, eingereiht unter Serapias - Hybriden
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Data related to manuscript ['Polaron Photoconductivity in the Weak and Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regime', Phys. Rev. Lett. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.177401']
Creators: name: Krainova, Nina
name: Grede, Alex J.
name: Tsokkou, Dimitra
name: Banerji, Natalie
name: Giebink, Noel C.
Publisher: name: (:null)
Year: 0
Subjects: 570 Life sciences; biology
540 Chemistry

description: We investigate the potential for cavity-modified electron transfer in a doped organic semiconductor through the photocurrent that arises from exciting charged molecules (polarons). When the polaron optical transition is strongly coupled to a Fabry-Perot microcavity mode, we observe polaron polaritons in the photoconductivity action spectrum and find that their magnitude depends differently on applied electric field than photocurrent originating from the excitation of uncoupled polarons in the same cavity. Crucially, moving from positive to negative detuning causes the upper and lower polariton photocurrents to swap their field dependence, with the more polaron like branch resembling that of an uncoupled excitation. These observations are understood on the basis of a phenomenological model in which strong coupling alters the Onsager dissociation of polarons from their dopant counterions by effectively increasing the thermalization length of the photoexcited charge carrier.
Dactylorhiza maculata x Nigritella rhellicani, beschriftet mit: D. fuchsii x N. nigra.
Blütenanalyse, montiert auf Papier erstellt von Hans Reinhard
Creators: name: Reinhard, Hans R.
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1967

description: Wissenschaftliche botanische Probe von Blütenteilen aus der Schweiz GR: Sartons (18.7.1967, HR 16719); Sartons (14.7.1971, HR 17123); Sartons (14.7.1971, HR 17124); Sartons (15.7.1972, HR 17245).
In der Orchideensammlung von H. Reinhard gekennzeichnet und abgelegt in der Reihenfolge HR 16719 (mit rückseitiger HR-Nummer); HR 17123; HR 17124; HR 17245, eingereiht unter Dactylorhiza x Nigritella.
Die Probe von 1967 ist mit Klebefolie versehen und wurde unverändert digitalisiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Additional file 2 of The effect of different preventive strategies during total joint arthroplasty on periprosthetic joint infection: a network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Wu, Yongtao
name: Xiang, Xinni
name: Ma, Yimei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2: Characteristics of included studies
title: Vom Nutzen und Nachteil des Konsums für das Sein
Creators: name: Weiser, Eva Maria
Year: 2010

description: Zentrales Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der Konsumismus als Lebensstrategie der westlichen Gesellschaft, durch die der Mensch mittels Verbrauch von Konsumgütern zu Zufrieden-heit und Glück finden soll; sowie die Diskussion über Selbst-konstitution mittels Konsum, Determination durch Werbung, aber auch über gewisse Zuschreibungen in Hinblick auf ein Konsumverhalten, das Wohlbe-finden durchaus fördert. Den Erkenntnissen einer positiveren Bewertung von Konsum widerspricht im Besonderen die Konsumkritik von Erich Fromm, der Haben und Sein als gegensätzliche Lebenswelten definiert, die einander exkludieren. Der erste Teil der Arbeit folgt Fromms Grundhaltung, um sich schließlich mittels differenzierter Analyse von dieser immer mehr abzugrenzen. Große gesellschaftliche Umwandlungen werden eher nicht stattfinden – vielmehr obliegt es dem einzelnen Menschen, individuelle Lösungsansätze für eine ausgewogene Bedürfnisbefriedigung und neue Ausdrucksformen zu finden, mit denen er ein gelungenes Lebenskonzept verwirklichen kann.
description: Central issue of this master’s thesis is the consumerism as a corps of guiding ideas of every-day life of western society, which enables human beings to find satisfaction and auspicious-ness, as well as the discussion above self-constitution by means of consumption, determination by sales promotion and consumption, but also certain attributions of consumer behaviour, which benefits definitely well-being. The knowledge of more positive evaluation of consumption disagrees in particular the criticism of Erich Fromm, who defines having and being as opposed characters, which exclude each other. The first part of this paper follows Fromms tenor, in order to distinguish at last by means of a sophisticated analysis. Great social move-ments will rather not take place – in fact the individual human being is responsible for a well balances fulfillment of his necessities and to find new forms of expressions, which lead him successfully to realize his own good way of life.
5000 ans. Plongée dans le temps – Découvertes. 1984–2004.
Creators: name: Hafner, Albert
name: Suter, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Archäologischer Dienst des Kantons Bern
Year: 2004
Subjects: 930 History of ancient world (to ca. 499)

description: Informationsbroschüre zum 150-jährigen Jubiläum der Pfahlbauforschung und zum 20-jährigen Bestehen der Taucharchäologie im Kanton Bern aus dem Jahr 2004. Graphisch schön aufbereitet und allgemein verständlich werden die Ergebnisse von 20 Jahren Unterwasserarchäologie der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Neben Einblicken in das Alltagsleben der Pfahlbauer wird die Problematik der Erosion der Fundstellen im Flachwasser thematisiert und die vorgenommenen Massnahmen zu Dokumentation und Rettung der bedrohten Fundstellen aufgezeigt. Dabei hat der Schutz und Erhalt des kulturellen Erbes für künftige Generationen hohe Priorität.
Upsilon-like concordance invariants from sl(n) knot cohomology
Creators: name: Lewark, Lukas
name: Lobb, Andrew
Publisher: name: Mathematical Sciences Publishers
Year: 2019
Subjects: 510 Mathematics

description: We construct smooth concordance invariants of knots K which take the form of piecewise linear maps ℷₙ(K):[0,1]→R for n≥2. These invariants arise from sln knot cohomology. We verify some properties which are analogous to those of the invariant Υ (which arises from knot Floer homology), and some which differ. We make some explicit computations and give some topological applications. Further to this, we define a concordance invariant from equivariant slₙ knot cohomology which subsumes many known concordance invariants arising from quantum knot cohomologies.
Additional file 3 of The effect of different preventive strategies during total joint arthroplasty on periprosthetic joint infection: a network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Wu, Yongtao
name: Xiang, Xinni
name: Ma, Yimei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 3: Quality evaluation
Correcting systematic errors by hybrid 2D correlation loss functions in nonlinear inverse modelling
Creators: name: Mayerhöfer, Thomas G.
name: Noda, Isao
name: Pahlow, Susanne
name: Heintzmann, Rainer
name: Popp, Jürgen
Publisher: name: San Francisco, California, US : PLOS
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Spectrum Analysis
subject: article
subject: correlation analysis
subject: deep learning
subject: loss of function mutation
subject: reproduction
subject: software
subject: systematic error
subject: spectroscopy
subject: 500
subject: 610

description: Recently a new family of loss functions called smart error sums has been suggested. These loss functions account for correlations within experimental data and force modeled data to obey these correlations. As a result, multiplicative systematic errors of experimental data can be revealed and corrected. The smart error sums are based on 2D correlation analysis which is a comparably recent methodology for analyzing spectroscopic data that has found broad application. In this contribution we mathematically generalize and break down this methodology and the smart error sums to uncover the mathematic roots and simplify it to craft a general tool beyond spectroscopic modelling. This reduction also allows a simplified discussion about limits and prospects of this new method including one of its potential future uses as a sophisticated loss function in deep learning. To support its deployment, the work includes computer code to allow reproduction of the basic results.
The Response of Permafrost and High‐Latitude Ecosystems under Large‐Scale Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and its Termination
Creators: name: Lee, Hanna
name: Ekici, Altug
name: Tjiputra, Jerry
name: Muri, Helene
name: Chadburn, Sarah E.
name: Lawrence, David M.
name: Schwinger, Jörg
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2019
Subjects: 530 Physics

description: Climate engineering arises as one of the potential methods that could contribute to meeting the1.5 °C global warming target agreed under the Paris Agreement. We examine how permafrost and high‐latitude vegetation respond to the large‐scale implementation of climate engineering. Specifically, we explore the impacts of applying the solar radiation management method of stratospheric aerosol injections(SAI) on permafrost temperature and the global extent of near‐surface permafrost area. We compare the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios to several SAI deployment scenarios using the Norwegian Earth System Model (CE1 = moderate SAI scenario to bring down the global mean warming in RCP8.5 to the RCP4.5 level,CE2 = aggresive SAI scenario to maintain the global mean temperature toward the preindustrial level). We show that large‐scale application of SAI may help slow down the current rate of permafrost degradation for awide range of emission scenarios. Between the RCP4.5 and CE1 simulations, the differences in the permafrost degradation may be attributed to the spatial variations in surface air temperature, rainfall, andsnowfall, which lead to the differences in the timing of permafrost degradation up to 40 years. Although atmospheric temperatures in CE1 and RCP4.5 simulations are similar, net primary production is higher in CE1 due to CO₂ fertilization. Our investigation of permafrost extent under large‐scale SAI application scenarios suggests that circum‐Arctic permafrost area and extent is rather sensitive to temperature changescreated under such SAI application. Our results highlight the importance of investigating the regional effectsof climate engineering, particularly in high‐latitude ecosystems.
Modelling the role of livestock grazing in C and N cycling in grasslands with LPJmL5.0-grazing
Creators: name: Heinke, Jens
name: Rolinski, Susanne
name: Müller, Christoph
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: anti-quality factor
subject: carbon cycle
subject: carbon storage
subject: environmental impact
subject: grassland
subject: grazing
subject: greenhouse gas
subject: literature review
subject: livestock farming
subject: nitrogen cycle
subject: partition coefficient
subject: 550

description: To represent the impact of grazing livestock on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in grasslands, we implement a livestock module into LPJmL5.0-tillage, a global vegetation and crop model with explicit representation of managed grasslands and pastures, forming LPJmL5.0-grazing. The livestock module uses lactating dairy cows as a generic representation of grazing livestock. The new module explicitly accounts for forage quality in terms of dry-matter intake and digestibility using relationships derived from compositional analyses for different forages. Partitioning of N into milk, feces, and urine as simulated by the new livestock module shows very good agreement with observation-based relationships reported in the literature. Modelled C and N dynamics depend on forage quality (C:N ratios in grazed biomass), forage quantity, livestock densities, manure or fertilizer inputs, soil, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and climate conditions. Due to the many interacting relationships, C sequestration, GHG emissions, N losses, and livestock productivity show substantial variation in space and across livestock densities. The improved LPJmL5.0-grazing model can now assess the effects of livestock grazing on C and N stocks and fluxes in grasslands. It can also provide insights about the spatio-temporal variability of grassland productivity and about the trade-offs between livestock production and environmental impacts.
Overview: The Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR)
Creators: name: Meier, H. E. Markus
name: Reckermann, Marcus
name: Langner, Joakim
name: Smith, Ben
name: Didenkulova, Ira
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus Publ.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atlantic Ocean
subject: Baltic Sea
subject: Climate models
subject: Earth atmosphere
subject: Earth system models
subject: Ecosystems
subject: Sea level
subject: 'current
subject: Baltic sea
subject: Earth systems
subject: Historical periods
subject: Independent research
subject: Networks of scientists
subject: Palaeoclimate
subject: Prospectives
subject: Research networks
subject: Systems research
subject: climate change
subject: computer simulation
subject: future prospect
subject: numerical model
subject: research
subject: scenario analysis
subject: Climate change
subject: 550

description: Baltic Earth is an independent research network of scientists from all Baltic Sea countries that promotes regional Earth system research. Within the framework of this network, the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEARs) were produced in the period 2019-2022. These are a collection of 10 review articles summarising current knowledge on the environmental and climatic state of the Earth system in the Baltic Sea region and its changes in the past (palaeoclimate), present (historical period with instrumental observations) and prospective future (until 2100) caused by natural variability, climate change and other human activities. The division of topics among articles follows the grand challenges and selected themes of the Baltic Earth Science Plan, such as the regional water, biogeochemical and carbon cycles; extremes and natural hazards; sea-level dynamics and coastal erosion; marine ecosystems; coupled Earth system models; scenario simulations for the regional atmosphere and the Baltic Sea; and climate change and impacts of human use. Each review article contains an introduction, the current state of knowledge, knowledge gaps, conclusions and key messages; the latter are the bases on which recommendations for future research are made. Based on the BEARs, Baltic Earth has published an information leaflet on climate change in the Baltic Sea as part of its outreach work, which has been published in two languages so far, and organised conferences and workshops for stakeholders, in collaboration with the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (Helsinki Commission, HELCOM).
Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Improved by Silver Nanowires for Flexible, Semitransparent and Conductive Electrodes on Textile with High Temperature Stability
Creators: name: Hupfer, Maximilian Lutz
name: Gawlik, Annett
name: Dellith, Jan
name: Plentz, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: electronic textile
subject: smart textile
subject: transparent flexible electrode
subject: 600

description: In order to facilitate the design freedom for the implementation of textile-integrated electronics, we seek flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) that can withstand not only the mechanical stresses encountered during use but also the thermal stresses of post-treatment. The transparent conductive oxides (TCO) typically used for this purpose are rigid in comparison to the fibers or textiles they are intended to coat. In this paper, a TCO, specifically aluminum-doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO), is combined with an underlying layer of silver nanowires (Ag-NW). This combination brings together the advantages of a closed, conductive Al:ZnO layer and a flexible Ag-NW layer, forming a TCE. The result is a transparency of 20–25% (within the 400–800 nm range) and a sheet resistance of 10 Ω/sq that remains almost unchanged, even after post-treatment at 180 °C.
Botticelli, Sandro
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1860

description: Nr. einer späteren Paginierung: 276, 278-280, 316-317, 319-320
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire Juli 2010
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF
Microbially mediated kinetic sulfur isotope fractionation: reactive transport modeling benchmark
Creators: name: Yiwei, Cheng
name: Arora, Bhavna
name: Sengör, Sevinc S.
name: Druhan, Jennifer L.
name: Wanner, Christoph
name: Van Breukelen, Boris M.
name: Steefel, Carl I.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020
Subjects: 550 Earth sciences & geology

description: Microbiallymediated sulfate reduction is a ubiquitous process inmany subsurface systems. Isotopic fractionation is characteristic of this anaerobic process, since sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) favor the reduction of the lighter sulfate isotopologue (S32O42−) over the heavier isotopologue (S34O42−). Detection of isotopic shifts has been utilized as a proxy for the onset of sulfate reduction in subsurface systems such as oil reservoirs and aquifers undergoing heavy metal and radionuclide bioremediation. Reactive transport modeling (RTM) of kinetic sulfur isotope fractionation has been applied to field and laboratory studies.We developed a benchmark problem set for the simulation of kinetic sulfur isotope fractionation during microbially mediated sulfate reduction. The benchmark problem set is comprised of three problem levels and is based on a large-scale laboratory column experimental study of organic carbon amended sulfate reduction in soils from a uranium-contaminated aquifer. Pertinent processes impacting sulfur isotopic composition such as microbial sulfate reduction and iron-sulfide reactions are included in the problem set. This benchmark also explores the different mathematical formulations in the representation of kinetic sulfur isotope fractionation as employed in the different RTMs. Participating RTM codes are the following: CrunchTope, TOUGHREACT, PHREEQC, and PHT3D. Across all problem levels, simulation results from all RTMs demonstrate reasonable agreement
Next-generation ice-nucleating particle sampling on board aircraft: characterization of the High-volume flow aERosol particle filter sAmpler (HERA)
Creators: name: Grawe, Sarah
name: Jentzsch, Conrad
name: Schaefer, Jonas
name: Wex, Heike
name: Mertes, Stephan
name: Stratmann, Frank
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: atmosphere-ice-ocean system
subject: flow field
subject: nucleation
subject: troposphere
subject: 550

description: Atmospheric ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentration data from the free troposphere are sparse but urgently needed to understand vertical transport processes of INPs and their influence on cloud formation and properties. Here, we introduce the new High-volume flow aERosol particle filter sAmpler (HERA) which was specially developed for installation on research aircraft and subsequent offline INP analysis. HERA is a modular system consisting of a sampling unit and a powerful pump unit, and it has several features which were integrated specifically for INP sampling. Firstly, the pump unit enables sampling at flow rates exceeding 100 L min-1, which is well above typical flow rates of aircraft INP sampling systems described in the literature (∼ 10 L min-1). Consequently, required sampling times to capture rare, high-temperature INPs (≥ -15 C) are reduced in comparison to other systems, and potential source regions of INPs can be confined more precisely. Secondly, the sampling unit is designed as a seven-way valve, enabling switching between six filter holders and a bypass with one filter being sampled at a time. In contrast to other aircraft INP sampling systems, the valve position is remote-controlled via software so that manual filter changes during flight are eliminated and the potential for sample contamination is decreased. This design is compatible with a high degree of automation, i.e., triggering filter changes depending on parameters like flight altitude, geographical location, temperature, or time. In addition to presenting the design and principle of operation of HERA, this paper describes laboratory characterization experiments with size-selected test substances, i.e., SNOMAX® and Arizona Test Dust. The particles were sampled on filters with HERA, varying either particle diameter (300 to 800 nm) or flow rate (10 to 100 L min-1) between experiments. The subsequent offline INP analysis showed good agreement with literature data and comparable sampling efficiencies for all investigated particle sizes and flow rates. Furthermore, the collection efficiency of atmospheric INPs in HERA was compared to a straightforward filter sampler and good agreement was found. Finally, results from the first campaign of HERA on the High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO) demonstrate the functionality of the new system in the context of aircraft application.
gl(2) foams and the Khovanov homotopy type
Creators: name: Krushkal, Vyacheslav
name: Wedrich, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Blanchet link homology theory is an oriented model of Khovanov homology, functorial over the integers with respect to link cobordisms. We formulate a stable homotopy refinement of the Blanchet theory, based on a comparison of the Blanchet and Khovanov chain complexes associated to link diagrams. The construction of the stable homotopy type relies on the signed Burnside category approach of Sarkar-Scaduto-Stoffregen.
description: 23 pages
The Earth system model CLIMBER-X v1.0 - Part 2: The global carbon cycle
Creators: name: Willeit, Matteo
name: Ilyina, Tatiana
name: Liu, Bo
name: Heinze, Christoph
name: Perrette, Mahé
name: Heinemann, Malte
name: Dalmonech, Daniela
name: Brovkin, Victor
name: Munhoven, Guy
name: Börker, Janine
name: Hartmann, Jens
name: Romero-Mujalli, Gibran
name: Ganopolski, Andrey
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: biogeochemistry
subject: carbon cycle
subject: CMIP
subject: complexity
subject: marine sediment
subject: permafrost
subject: residence time
subject: soil carbon
subject: spatial distribution
subject: weathering rate
subject: 550

description: The carbon cycle component of the newly developed Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-X is presented. The model represents the cycling of carbon through the atmosphere, vegetation, soils, seawater and marine sediments. Exchanges of carbon with geological reservoirs occur through sediment burial, rock weathering and volcanic degassing. The state-of-the-art HAMOCC6 model is employed to simulate ocean biogeochemistry and marine sediment processes. The land model PALADYN simulates the processes related to vegetation and soil carbon dynamics, including permafrost and peatlands. The dust cycle in the model allows for an interactive determination of the input of the micro-nutrient iron into the ocean. A rock weathering scheme is implemented in the model, with the weathering rate depending on lithology, runoff and soil temperature. CLIMBER-X includes a simple representation of the methane cycle, with explicitly modelled natural emissions from land and the assumption of a constant residence time of CH4 in the atmosphere. Carbon isotopes 13C and 14C are tracked through all model compartments and provide a useful diagnostic for model-data comparison. A comprehensive evaluation of the model performance for the present day and the historical period shows that CLIMBER-X is capable of realistically reproducing the historical evolution of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 but also the spatial distribution of carbon on land and the 3D structure of biogeochemical ocean tracers. The analysis of model performance is complemented by an assessment of carbon cycle feedbacks and model sensitivities compared to state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. Enabling an interactive carbon cycle in CLIMBER-X results in a relatively minor slow-down of model computational performance by ∼ 20 % compared to a throughput of ∼ 10 000 simulation years per day on a single node with 16 CPUs on a high-performance computer in a climate-only model set-up. CLIMBER-X is therefore well suited to investigating the feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle on temporal scales ranging from decades to >100000 years.
German and US Investment Professionals’ Use of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures in Their Personal Investment Decisions and Recommendations to Clients
Creators: name: Arnold, Markus C.
name: Hörner, Christoph
name: Martin, Patrick R.
name: Moser, Donald V.
Publisher: name: (:null)
Year: 2020
Subjects: 650 Management & public relations
330 Economics

description: We conduct an experiment to examine investment professionals’ use of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures when making personal investment decisions or investment recommendations to clients. We predict and find that investment professionals are more willing to personally invest and recommend investment to a client when a firm discloses positive CSR performance than when it makes no CSR disclosures. Investment professionals’ decisions and recommendations are influenced by CSR disclosures both because, on average, they believe that better CSR performance results in better current and longer-term financial performance and because they value the societal benefits of CSR activities. We also find that investment professionals’ general beliefs regarding whether CSR activities benefit society affect how they assess firms’ CSR performance and their view of the relation between CSR performance and financial performance. Finally, investment professionals’ experience appears to protect them from the potential biasing effect of appealing pictures that accompany many CSR disclosures.
Patterns of multimorbidity in medical inpatients: a multinational retrospective cohort study.
Creators: name: Aubert, Carole Elodie
name: Schnipper, Jeffrey Lawrence
name: Fankhauser, Niklaus
name: Marques-Vidal, Pedro
name: Stirnemann, Jérôme
name: Auerbach, Andrew David
name: Zimlichman, Eyal
name: Kripalani, Sunil
name: Vasilevskis, Eduard Eric
name: Robinson, Edmondo
name: Metlay, Joshua
name: Fletcher, Grant Selmer
name: Limacher, Andreas
name: Donzé, Jacques
Publisher: name: Springer Milan
Year: 0
Subjects: 610 Medicine & health
360 Social problems & social services

description: Multimorbidity is frequent and represents a significant burden for patients and healthcare systems. However, there are limited data on the most common combinations of comorbidities in multimorbid patients. We aimed to describe and quantify the most common combinations of comorbidities in multimorbid medical inpatients. We used a large retrospective cohort of adults discharged from the medical department of 11 hospitals across 3 countries (USA, Switzerland, and Israel) between 2010 and 2011. Diseases were classified into acute versus chronic. Chronic diseases were grouped into clinically meaningful categories of comorbidities. We identified the most prevalent combinations of comorbidities and compared the observed and expected prevalence of the combinations. We assessed the distribution of acute and chronic diseases and the median number of body systems in relationship to the total number of diseases. Eighty-six percent (n = 126,828/147,806) of the patients were multimorbid (≥ 2 chronic diseases), with a median of five chronic diseases; 13% of the patients had ≥ 10 chronic diseases. Among the most frequent combinations of comorbidities, the most prevalent comorbidity was chronic heart disease. Other high prevalent comorbidities included mood disorders, arthropathy and arthritis, and esophageal disorders. The ratio of chronic versus acute diseases was approximately 2:1. Multimorbidity affected almost 90% of patients, with a median of five chronic diseases. Over 10% had ≥ 10 chronic diseases. This identification and quantification of frequent combinations of comorbidities among multimorbid medical inpatients may increase awareness of what should be taken into account when treating such patients, a growth in the need for special care considerations.
LandInG 1.0: a toolbox to derive input datasets for terrestrial ecosystem modelling at variable resolutions from heterogeneous sources
Creators: name: Ostberg, Sebastian
name: Müller, Christoph
name: Heinke, Jens
name: Schaphoff, Sibyll
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: data processing
subject: data set
subject: ecosystem modeling
subject: publishing
subject: spatial resolution
subject: terrestrial ecosystem
subject: 550

description: We present the Land Input Generator (LandInG) version 1.0, a new toolbox for generating input datasets for terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) from diverse and partially conflicting data sources. While LandInG 1.0 is applicable to process data for any TEM, it is developed specifically for the open-source dynamic global vegetation, hydrology, and crop growth model LPJmL (Lund-Potsdam-Jena with managed Land). The toolbox documents the sources and processing of data to model inputs and allows for easy changes to the spatial resolution. It is designed to make inconsistencies between different sources of data transparent so that users can make their own decisions on how to resolve these should they not be content with the default assumptions made here. As an example, we use the toolbox to create input datasets at 5 and 30 arcmin spatial resolution covering land, country, and region masks, soil, river networks, freshwater reservoirs, irrigation water distribution networks, crop-specific annual land use, fertilizer, and manure application. We focus on the toolbox describing the data processing rather than only publishing the datasets as users may want to make different choices for reconciling inconsistencies, aggregation, spatial extent, or similar. Also, new data sources or new versions of existing data become available continuously, and the toolbox approach allows for incorporating new data to stay up to date.
Through the Window: Exploitation and Countermeasures of the ESP32 Register Window Overflow †
Creators: name: Lehniger, Kai
name: Langendörfer, Peter
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: buffer overflow
subject: memory corruption
subject: register windows
subject: return-oriented programming
subject: windowed ABI
subject: Xtensa
subject: 004

description: With the increasing popularity of IoT (Internet-of-Things) devices, their security becomes an increasingly important issue. Buffer overflow vulnerabilities have been known for decades, but are still relevant, especially for embedded devices where certain security measures cannot be implemented due to hardware restrictions or simply due to their impact on performance. Therefore, many buffer overflow detection mechanisms check for overflows only before critical data are used. All data that an attacker could use for his own purposes can be considered critical. It is, therefore, essential that all critical data are checked between writing a buffer and its usage. This paper presents a vulnerability of the ESP32 microcontroller, used in millions of IoT devices, that is based on a pointer that is not protected by classic buffer overflow detection mechanisms such as Stack Canaries or Shadow Stacks. This paper discusses the implications of vulnerability and presents mitigation techniques, including a patch, that fixes the vulnerability. The overhead of the patch is evaluated using simulation as well as an ESP32-WROVER-E development board. We showed that, in the simulation with 32 general-purpose registers, the overhead for the CoreMark benchmark ranges between 0.1% and 0.4%. On the ESP32, which uses an Xtensa LX6 core with 64 general-purpose registers, the overhead went down to below 0.01%. A worst-case scenario, modeled by a synthetic benchmark, showed overheads up to 9.68%.