Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies
Creators: name: Mason, James Paul
name: Werth, Alexandra
name: West, Colin G.
name: Youngblood, Allison A.
name: Woodraska, Donald L.
name: Peck, Courtney
name: Lacjak, Kevin
name: Frick, Florian G.
name: Gabir, Moutamen
name: Alsinan, Reema A.
name: Jacobsen, Thomas
name: Alrubaie, Mohammad
name: Chizmar, Kayla M.
name: Lau, Benjamin P.
name: Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya
name: Price, David
name: Butler, Dylan R.
name: Biron, Connor J.
name: Feoktistov, Nikita
name: Dewey, Kai
name: Loomis, N. E.
name: Bodzianowski, Michal
name: Kuybus, Connor
name: Dietrick, Henry
name: Wolfe, Aubrey M.
name: Guerrero, Matt
name: Vinson, Jessica
name: Starbuck, Peter
name: Litton, Shelby D
name: Beck, M. G.
name: Fisch, Jean-Paul
name: West, Ayana
name: Muniz, Alexis A.
name: Chavez, Luis
name: Upthegrove, Zachary T.
name: Runyon, Brenton M.
name: Salazar, J.
name: Kritzberg, Jake E.
name: Murrel, Tyler
name: Ho, Ella
name: LaFemina, Quintin Y.
name: Elbashir, Sara I.
name: Chang, Ethan C.
name: Hudson, Zachary A.
name: Nussbaum, Rosemary O.
name: Kennedy, Kellen
name: Kim, Kevin
name: Arango, Camila Villamil
name: Albakr, Mohammed A.
name: Rotter, Michael
name: Garscadden, A. J.
name: Salcido-Alcontar, Antonio
name: Pearl, Harrison M.
name: Stepaniak, Tyler
name: Marquez, Josie A.
name: Marsh, Lauren
name: Andringa, Jesse C
name: Osogwin, Austin
name: Shields, Amanda M.
name: Brookins, Sarah
name: Hach, Grace K.
name: Clausi, Alexis R.
name: Millican, Emily B.
name: Jaimes, Alan A
name: Graham, Alaina S.
name: Burritt, John J.
name: Perez, J. S.
name: Ramirez, Nathaniel
name: Suri, Rohan
name: Myer, Michael S.
name: Kresek, Zoe M.
name: Goldsberry, C. A.
name: Payne, Genevieve K.
name: Jourabchi, Tara
name: Hu, J.
name: Lucca, Jeffrey
name: Feng, Zitian
name: Gilpatrick, Connor B.
name: Khan, Ibraheem A.
name: Warble, Keenan
name: Sweeney, Joshua D.
name: Dorricott, Philip
name: Meyer, Ethan
name: Kothamdi, Yash S.
name: Sohail, Arman S.
name: Grell, Kristyn
name: Floyd, Aidan
name: Bard, Titus
name: Mathieson, Randi M.
name: Reed, Joseph
name: Cisneros, Alexis
name: Payne, Matthew P.
name: Jarriel, J. R.
name: Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez
name: Sundell, M. E.
name: Patel, Kajal
name: Alesmail, Mohammad
name: Alnasrallah, Yousef A
name: Abdullah, Jumana T.
name: Molina-Saenz, Luis
name: Tayman, K. E.
name: Brown, Gabriel T.
name: Kerr-Layton, Liana
name: Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D.
name: Hiatt, Quinn
name: Kalra, Etash
name: Ong, Jason
name: Vadayar, Shreenija
name: Shannahan, Callie D.
name: Benke, Evan
name: zhang, Jinhua
name: Geisman, Jane
name: Martyr, Cara
name: Ameijenda, Federico
name: Akruwala, Ushmi H.
name: Nehring, Molly
name: Kissner, Natalie
name: Rule, Ian C.
name: Learned, Tyler
name: Smith, Alexandra N.
name: Mazzotta, Liam
name: Rounsefell, Tyndall
name: Eyeson, Elizabeth A.
name: Shelby, Arlee K.
name: Moll, Tyler S
name: Menke, Riley
name: Shahba, Hannan
name: House, Tony A.
name: Clark, David B.
name: Burns, Annemarie C.
name: de La Beaujardiere, Tristan
name: Trautwein, Emily D.
name: Plantz, Will
name: Reeves, Justin
name: Faber, Ian
name: Buxton, B. W.
name: Highhouse, Nigel
name: Landrey, Kalin
name: Hansen, Connor M
name: Chen, Kevin
name: Hales, Ryder Buchanan
name: Borgerding, Luke R.
name: Guo, Mutian
name: Crow, Christian J.
name: Whittall, Lloyd C.
name: Simmons, Conor
name: Folarin, Adeduni
name: Parkinson, Evan J.
name: Rahn, Anna L.
name: Blevins, Olivia
name: Morelock, Annalise M.
name: Kelly, Nicholas
name: Parker, Nathan L.
name: Smith, Kelly
name: Plzak, Audrey E.
name: Saeb, David
name: Hares, Cameron T.
name: Parker, Sasha R.
name: McCoy, Andrew
name: Pham, Alexander V.
name: Lauzon, Megan
name: Kennedy, Cayla J.
name: Reyna, Andrea B.
name: Acosta, Daniela M. Meza
name: Cool, Destiny J.
name: Steinbarth, Sheen L.
name: Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia
name: Plutt, Kaitlyn E.
name: Kipp, Isabel M
name: Rakhmonova, M.
name: Brown, Cameron L.
name: Van Anne, Gabreece
name: Moss, Alexander P.
name: Golden, Olivia
name: Kirkpatrick, Hunter B.
name: Colleran, Jake R.
name: Sullivan, Brandon J
name: Tran, Kevin
name: Carpender, Michael Andrew
name: Mundy, Aria T.
name: Koenig, Greta
name: Oudakker, Jessica
name: Engelhardt, Rasce
name: Ales, Nolan
name: Wexler, Ethan Benjamin
name: Beato, Quinn I
name: Chen, Lily
name: Cochran, Brooke
name: Hill, Paula
name: Hamilton, Sean R.
name: Hashiro, Kyle
name: Khan, Usman
name: Martinez, Alexa M.
name: Brockman, Jennifer L.
name: Mallory, Macguire
name: Reed, Charlie
name: Terrile, Richard
name: Singh, Savi
name: Watson, James Adam
name: Creany, Joshua B.
name: Price, Nicholas K.
name: Miften, Aya M.
name: Tran, Bryn
name: Kamenetskiy, Margaret
name: Martinez, Jose R.
name: Opp, Elena N.
name: Huang, Jianyang
name: Fails, Avery M.
name: Belei, Brennan J.
name: Slocum, Ryan
name: Astalos, Justin
name: East, Andrew
name: Nguyen, Lena P.
name: Pherigo, Callie C
name: East, Andrew N.
name: Li, David Y.
name: Nelson, Maya LI
name: Taylor, Nicole
name: Odbayar, Anand
name: Rives, Anna Linnea
name: Mathur, Kabir P.
name: Billingsley, Jacob
name: Polikoff, Hyden
name: Driscoll, Michael
name: Wilson, Orion K.
name: Lahmers, Kyle
name: Toon, Nathaniel J.
name: Lippincott, Sam
name: Musgrave, Andrew J.
name: Gregory, Alannah H.
name: Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique
name: Jesse, Trevor
name: Smith, Corey
name: Miles, Ethan J.
name: Kainz, Sabrina J. H. T.
name: Ji, Soo Yeun
name: Nguyen, Lena
name: Aryan, Maryam
name: Dinser, Alexis M.
name: Shortman, Jadon
name: Bastias, Catalina S
name: Umbricht, Thomas D
name: Cage, Breonna
name: Randolph, Parker
name: Pollard, Matthew
name: Simone, Dylan M.
name: Aramians, Andrew
name: Brecl, Ariana E.
name: Robert, Amanda M.
name: Zenner, Thomas
name: Saldi, Maxwell
name: Morales, Gavin
name: Mendez, Citlali
name: Syed, Konner
name: Vogel, Connor Maklain
name: Cone, Rebecca A.
name: Berhanu, Naomi
name: Carpenter, Emily
name: Leoni, Cecilia
name: Bryan, Samuel
name: Ramachandra, Nidhi
name: Shaw, Timothy
name: Lee, E. C.
name: Monyek, Eli
name: Wegner, Aidan B.
name: Sharma, Shajesh
name: Lister, Barrett
name: White, Jamison R.
name: Willard, John S.
name: Sulaiman, S. A
name: Blandon, Guillermo
name: Narayan, Anoothi
name: Ruger, Ryan
name: Kelley, Morgan A.
name: Moreno, Angel J.
name: Balcer, Leo M
name: Ward-Chene, N. R. D.
name: Shelby, Emma
name: Reagan, Brian D.
name: Marsh, Toni
name: Sarkar, Sucheta
name: Kelley, Michael P.
name: Fell, Kevin
name: Balaji, Sahana
name: Hildebrand, Annalise K.
name: Shoha, Dominick
name: Nandu, Kshmya
name: Tucker, Julia
name: Cancio, Alejandro R.
name: Wang, Jiawei
name: Rapaport, Sarah Grace
name: Maravi, Aimee S.
name: Mayer, Victoria A.
name: Miller, Andrew
name: Bence, Caden
name: Koke, Emily
name: Fauntleroy, John T
name: Doermer, Timothy
name: Al-Ghazwi, Adel
name: Morgan, Remy
name: Alahmed, Mohammed S.
name: Mathavan, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan
name: Silvester, H. K.
name: Weiner, Amanda M.
name: Liu, Nianzi
name: Iovan, Taro
name: Jensen, Alexander V.
name: AlHarbi, Yazeed A.
name: Jiang, Yufan
name: Zhang, Jiaqi
name: Jones, Olivia M.
name: Huang, Chenqi
name: Reh, Eileen N.
name: Alhamli, Dania
name: Pettine, Joshua
name: Zhou, Chongrui
name: Kriegman, Dylan
name: Yang, Jianing
name: Ash, Kevin
name: Savage, Carl
name: Kaiser, Emily
name: Augenstein, Dakota N.
name: Padilla, Jacqueline
name: Stark, Ethan K.
name: Hansen, Joshua A.
name: Kokes, Thomas
name: Huynh, Leslie
name: Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo
name: Jeseritz, Luke A.
name: Carillion, Emma L.
name: Vepa, Aditya V.
name: Khanal, Sapriya
name: Behr, Braden
name: Martin, Logan S.
name: McMullan, Jesse J.
name: Zhao, Tianwei
name: Williams, Abigail K.
name: Alqabani, Emeen
name: Prinster, Gale H.
name: Horne, Linda
name: Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall
name: Otto, Grant
name: Gomez, Angel R.
name: Nguyen, Leonardo
name: Brumley, Preston J.
name: Venegas, Nancy Ortiz
name: Varela, Ilian
name: Brownlow, Jordi
name: Cruz, Avril
name: Leiker, Linzhi
name: Batra, Jasleen
name: Hutabarat, Abigail P.
name: Nunes-Valdes, Dario
name: Jameson, Connor
name: Naqi, Abdulaziz
name: Adams, Dante Q.
name: Biediger, Blaine B.
name: Borelli, William T
name: Cisne, Nicholas A.
name: Collins, Nathaniel A.
name: Curnow, Tyler L.
name: Gopalakrishnan, Sean
name: Griffin, Nicholas F.
name: Herrera, Emanuel
name: McGarvey, Meaghan V.
name: Mellett, Sarah
name: Overchuk, Igor
name: Shaver, Nathan
name: Stratmeyer, Cooper N.
name: Vess, Marcus T.
name: Juels, Parker
name: Alyami, Saleh A.
name: Gale, Skylar
name: Wallace, Steven P.
name: Hunter, Samuel C
name: Lonergan, Mia C.
name: Stewart, Trey
name: Maksimuk, Tiffany E.
name: Lam, Antonia
name: Tressler, Judah
name: Napoletano, Elena R.
name: Miller, Joshua B.
name: Roy, Marc G.
name: Chanders, Jasey
name: Fischer, Emmalee
name: Croteau, A. J.
name: Kuiper, Nicolas A.
name: Hoffman, Alex
name: DeBarros, Elyse
name: Curry, Riley T.
name: Brzostowicz, A.
name: Courtney, Jonas
name: Zhao, Tiannie
name: Szabo, Emi
name: Ghaith, Bandar Abu
name: Slyne, Colin
name: Beck, Lily
name: Quinonez, Oliver
name: Collins, Sarah
name: Madonna, Claire A.
name: Morency, Cora
name: Palizzi, Mallory
name: Herwig, Tim
name: Beauprez, Jacob N.
name: Ghiassi, Dorsa
name: Doran, Caroline R.
name: Yang, Zhanchao
name: Padgette, Hannah M.
name: Dicken, Cyrus A.
name: Austin, Bryce W.
name: Phalen, Ethan J.
name: Xiao, Catherine
name: Palos, Adler
name: Gerhardstein, Phillip
name: Altenbern, Ava L.
name: Orbidan, Dan
name: Dorr, Jackson A.
name: Rivas, Guillermo A.
name: Ewing, Calvin A
name: Giebner, B. C.
name: McEntee, Kelleen
name: Kite, Emily R.
name: Crocker, K. A.
name: Haley, Mark S.
name: Lezak, Adrienne R.
name: McQuaid, Ella
name: Jeong, Jacob
name: Albaum, Jonathan
name: Hrudka, E. M.
name: Mulcahy, Owen T.
name: Tanguma, Nolan C.
name: Oishi-Holder, Sean
name: White, Zachary
name: Coe, Ryan W.
name: Boyer, Christine
name: Chapman, Mitchell G.
name: Fortino, Elise
name: Salgado, Jose A.
name: Hellweg, Tim
name: Martinez, Hazelia K.
name: Mitchell, Alexander J.
name: Schubert, Stephanie H.
name: Schumacher, Grace K
name: Tesdahl, Corey D
name: Uphoff, C. H.
name: Vassilyev, Alexandr
name: Witkoff, Briahn
name: Wolle, Jackson R.
name: Dice, Kenzie A.
name: Behrer, Timothy A.
name: Bowen, Troy
name: Campbell, Andrew J
name: Clarkson, Peter C
name: Duong, Tien Q.
name: Hawat, Elijah
name: Lopez, Christian
name: Olson, Nathaniel P.
name: Osborn, Matthew
name: Peou, Munisettha E.
name: Vaver, Nicholas J.
name: Husted, Troy
name: Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian
name: Spangler, Ava A
name: Mccurry, Kyle
name: Schultze, Courtney
name: Troisi, Thomas
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Ort, Althea E.
name: Singh, Maya A.
name: Soon, Caitlin
name: Patton, Catherine
name: Billman, Jayce A.
name: Jarvis, Sam
name: Hitt, Travis
name: Masri, Mirna
name: Albalushi, Yusef J.
name: Schofer, Matthew J
name: Linnane, Katherine B.
name: Knott, Philip Whiting
name: Valencia, Whitney
name: Arias-Robles, Brian A.
name: Ryder, Diana
name: Simone, Anna
name: Abrams, Jonathan M.
name: Belknap, Annelene L.
name: Rouse, Charlotte
name: Reynolds, Alexander
name: Petric, Romeo S. L.
name: Gomez, Angel A.
name: Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B.
name: Carey, Luke
name: Dias, John S.
name: Fischer-White, Jules
name: Forbes, Aidan E.
name: Galarraga, Gabriela
name: Kennedy, Forrest
name: Lawlor, Rian
name: Murphy, Maxwell J.
name: Norris, Cooper
name: Quarderer, Josh
name: Waller, Caroline
name: Weber, Robert J.
name: Gunderson, Nicole
name: Boyne, Tom
name: Gregory, Joshua A.
name: Propper, Henry Austin
name: von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck
name: Branch, Donovan
name: Clarke, Evelyn
name: Cutler, Libby
name: Dabberdt, Frederick M.
name: Das, Swagatam
name: Figueirinhas, John Alfred D.
name: Fougere, Benjamin L.
name: Roy, Zoe A.
name: Zhao, Noah Y.
name: Cox, Corben L.
name: Barnhart, Logan D. W.
name: Craig, Wilmsen B.
name: Moll, Hayden
name: Pohle, Kyle
name: Mueller, Alexander
name: Smith, Elena K.
name: Spicer, Benjamin C.
name: Aycock, Matthew C.
name: Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg
name: Murphy, Madalyn C.
name: Altokhais, Abdullah
name: Thornally, Noah R.
name: Kleinhaus, Olivia R.
name: Sarfaraz, Darian
name: Barnes, Grant M.
name: Beard, Sara
name: Banda, David J
name: Davis, Emma A. B.
name: Huebsch, Tyler J.
name: Wagoner, Michaela
name: Griego, Justus
name: Hale, Jack J. Mc
name: Porter, Trevor J.
name: Abrashoff, Riley
name: Phan, Denise M.
name: Smith, Samantha M.
name: Srivastava, Ashish
name: Schlenker, Jared A. W.
name: Madsen, Kasey O.
name: Hirschmann, Anna E.
name: Rankin, Frederick C
name: Akbar, Zainab A.
name: Blouin, Ethan
name: Coleman-Plante, Aislinn
name: Hintsa, Evan
name: Lookhoff, Emily
name: Amer, Hamzi
name: Deng, Tianyue
name: Dvorak, Peter
name: Minimo, Josh
name: Plummer, William C.
name: Ton, Kelly
name: Solt, Lincoln
name: AlAbbas, Batool H.
name: AlAwadhi, Areej A.
name: Cooper, Nicholas M.
name: Corbitt, Jessica S
name: Dunlap, Christian
name: Johnson, Owen
name: Malone, Ryan A.
name: Tellez, Yesica
name: Wallace, Logan
name: Ta, Michael-Tan D.
name: Wheeler, Nicola H.
name: Ramirez, Ariana C.
name: Huang, Shancheng
name: Mehidic, Amar
name: Christiansen, Katherine E
name: Desai, Om
name: Domke, Emerson N.
name: Howell, Noah H.
name: Allsbrook, Martin
name: Alnaji, Teeb
name: England, Colin
name: Siles, Nathan
name: Burton, Nicholas David
name: Cruse, Zoe
name: Gilmartin, Dalton
name: Kim, Brian T.
name: Hattendorf, Elsie
name: Buhamad, Maryam
name: Gayou, Lily
name: Seglem, Kasper
name: Alkhezzi, Tameem
name: Hicks, Imari R.
name: Fife, Ryann
name: Pelster, Lily M.
name: Fix, Alexander
name: Sur, Sohan N.
name: Truong, Joshua K.
name: Kubiak, Bartlomiej
name: Bondar, Matthew
name: Shi, Kyle Z.
name: Johnston, Julia
name: Acevedo, Andres B.
name: Lee, Junwon
name: Solorio, William J.
name: Johnston, Braedon Y.
name: McCormick, Tyler
name: Olguin, Nicholas
name: Pastor, Paige J.
name: Wilson, Evan M.
name: Trunko, Benjamin L.
name: Sjoroos, Chris
name: Adams, Kalvyn N
name: Bell, Aislyn
name: Brumage-Heller, Grant
name: Canales, Braden P.
name: Chiles, Bradyn
name: Driscoll, Kailer H.
name: Hill, Hallie
name: Isert, Samuel A.
name: Ketterer, Marilyn
name: Kim, Matthew M.
name: Mewhirter, William J.
name: Phillips, Lance
name: Phommatha, Krista
name: Quinn, Megan S.
name: Reddy, Brooklyn J.
name: Rippel, Matthew
name: Russell, Bowman
name: Williams, Sajan
name: Pixley, Andrew M.
name: Gapin, Keala C.
name: Peterson, B.
name: Ruprecht, Collin
name: Hardie, Isabelle
name: Li, Isaac
name: Erickson, Abbey
name: Gersabeck, Clint
name: Gopalani, Mariam
name: Allanqawi, Nasser
name: Burton, Taylor
name: Cahn, Jackson R.
name: Conti, Reese
name: White, Oliver S.
name: Rojec, Stewart
name: Hogen, Blake A.
name: Swartz, Jason R.
name: Dick, R.
name: Battist, Lexi
name: Dunn, Gabrielle M.
name: Gasser, Rachel
name: Logan, Timothy W.
name: Sinkovic, Madeline
name: Schaller, Marcus T.
name: Heintz, Danielle A.
name: Enrich, Andrew
name: Sanchez, Ethan S.
name: Perez, Freddy
name: Flores, Fernando
name: Kapla, Shaun D.
name: Shockley, Michael C.
name: Phillips, Justin
name: Rumley, Madigan
name: Daboub, Johnston
name: Karsh, Brennan J.
name: Linders, Bridget
name: Chen, Sam
name: Do, Helen C.
name: Avula, Abhinav
name: French, James M.
name: Bertuccio, Chrisanna
name: Hand, Tyler
name: Lee, Adrianna J.
name: Neeland, Brenna K
name: Salazar, Violeta
name: Andrew, Carter
name: Barmore, Abby
name: Beatty, Thomas
name: Alonzi, Nicholas
name: Brown, Ryan
name: Chandler, Olivia M.
name: Collier, Curran
name: Current, Hayden
name: Delasantos, Megan E.
name: Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros
name: Fowler, Alexandra A.
name: Geneser, Julianne R.
name: Gentry, Eleanor
name: Gustavsson, E. R.
name: Hansson, Jonathan
name: Hao, Tony Yunfei
name: Herrington, Robert N.
name: Kelly, James
name: Kelly, Teagan
name: Kennedy, Abigail
name: Marquez, Mathew J.
name: Meillon, Stella
name: Palmgren, Madeleine L.
name: Pesce, Anneliese
name: Ranjan, Anurag
name: Robertson, Samuel M.
name: Smith, Percy
name: Smith, Trevor J
name: Soby, Daniel A.
name: Stratton, Grant L.
name: Thielmann, Quinn N.
name: Toups, Malena C.
name: Veta, Jenna S.
name: Young, Trenton J.
name: Maly, Blake
name: Manzanares, Xander R.
name: Beijer, Joshua
name: George, Jacob D.
name: Mills, Dylan P.
name: Ziebold, Josh J
name: Chambers, Paige
name: Montoya, Michael
name: Cheang, Nathan M.
name: Anderson, Hunter J.
name: Duncan, Sheridan J.
name: Ehrlich, Lauren
name: Hudson, Nathan C.
name: Kiechlin, Jack L.
name: Koch, Will
name: Lee, Justin
name: Menassa, Dominic
name: Oakes, S. H.
name: Petersen, Audrey J.
name: Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez
name: Bay, Joshua
name: Ramirez, Sacha
name: Fenwick, Logan D.
name: Boyle, Aidan P.
name: Hibbard, Lea Pearl
name: Haubrich, Calder
name: Sherry, Daniel P.
name: Jenkins, Josh
name: Furney, Sebastian
name: Velamala, Anjali A.
name: Krueger, Davis J.
name: Thompson, William N.
name: Chhetri, Jenisha
name: Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan
name: Ray, Mia G. V.
name: Recchia, John C.
name: Lengerich, Dylan
name: Taulman, Kyle
name: Romero, Andres C.
name: Steward, Ellie N.
name: Russell, Sloan
name: Hardwick, Dillon F.
name: Wootten, Katelynn
name: Nguyen, Valerie A.
name: Quispe, Devon
name: Ragsdale, Cameron
name: Young, Isabel
name: Atchley-Rivers, N. S.
name: Stribling, Jordin L.
name: Gentile, Julia G
name: Boeyink, Taylor A.
name: Kwiatkowski, Daniel
name: Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima
name: Crews, Anastasia
name: Shuttleworth, Mitchell
name: Dresdner, Danielle C.
name: Flackett, Lydia
name: Haratsaris, Nicholas
name: Linger, Morgan I
name: Misener, Jay H.
name: Patti, Samuel
name: Pine, Tawanchai P.
name: Marikar, Nasreen
name: Matessi, Giorgio
name: Routledge, Allie C.
name: Alkaabi, Suhail
name: Bartman, Jessica L.
name: Bisacca, Gabrielle E.
name: Busch, Celeste
name: Edwards, Bree
name: Staudenmier, Caitlyn
name: Starling, Travis
name: McVey, Caden
name: Montano, Maximus
name: Contizano, Charles J.
name: Taylor, Eleanor
name: McIntyre, James K.
name: Victory, Andrew
name: McCammon, Glen S.
name: Kimlicko, Aspen
name: Sheldrake, Tucker
name: Shelchuk, Grace
name: Von Reich, Ferin J.
name: Hicks, Andrew J.
name: O'neill, Ian
name: Rossman, Beth
name: Taylor, Liam C.
name: MacDonald, William
name: Becker, Simone E.
name: Han, Soonhee
name: O'Sullivan, Cian
name: Wilcove, Isaac
name: Brennan, David J.
name: Hanley, Luke C.
name: Hull, Owen
name: Wilson, Timothy R.
name: Kalmus, Madison H.
name: Berv, Owen A.
name: Harris, Logan Swous
name: Doan, Chris H
name: Londres, Nathan
name: Parulekar, Anish
name: Adam, Megan M.
name: Angwin, Abigail
name: Cabbage, Carter C.
name: Colleran, Zachary
name: Pietras, Alex
name: Seux, Octave
name: Oros, Ryan
name: Wilkinson, Blake C.
name: Nguyen, Khoa D
name: Trank-Greene, Maedee
name: Barone, Kevin M.
name: Snyder, G. L.
name: Biehle, Samuel J
name: Billig, Brennen
name: Almquist, Justin Thomas
name: Dixon, Alyssa M.
name: Erickson, Benjamin
name: Evans, Nathan
name: Genne, SL
name: Kelly, Christopher M
name: Marcus, Serafima M.
name: Ogle, Caleb
name: Patel, Akhil
name: Vendetti, Evan
name: Courtney, Olivia
name: Deel, Sean
name: Del Foco, Leonardo
name: Gjini, Michael
name: Haines, Jessica
name: Hoff, Isabelle J.
name: Jones, M. R.
name: Killian, Dominic
name: Kuehl, Kirsten
name: Kuester, Chrisanne
name: Lantz, Maxwell B.
name: Lee, Christian J
name: Mauer, Graham
name: McKemey, Finbar K.
name: Millican, Sarah J.
name: Rosasco, Ryan
name: Stewart, T. C.
name: VanEtten, Eleanor
name: Derwin, Zachary
name: Serio, Lauren
name: Sickler, Molly G.
name: Blake, Cassidy A.
name: Patel, Neil S.
name: Fox, Margaret
name: Gray, Michael J
name: Ziegler, Lucas J.
name: Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi
name: Polly, Madelyn
name: Mesgina, Sarah
name: McMorris, Zane
name: Griffin, Kyle J.
name: Haile, L. N.
name: Bassel, Claire
name: Dixon, Thomas J.
name: Beattie, Ryan
name: Houck, Timothy J
name: Rodgers, Maeve
name: Trofino, Tyson R.
name: Lukianow, Dax
name: Smart, Korben
name: Hall, Jacqueline L.
name: Bone, Lauren
name: Baldwin, James O.
name: Doane, Connor
name: Almohsen, Yousef A.
name: Stamos, Emily
name: Acha, Iker
name: Kim, Jake
name: Samour, Antonio E.
name: Chavali, S.
name: Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit
name: Gotlib, Nicholas
name: Murphy, Ryan C.
name: Archibald, Jack. W.
name: Brimhall, Alexander J
name: Boyer, Aidan
name: Chapman, Logan T.
name: Chadda, Shivank
name: Sibrell, Lisa
name: Vallery, Mia M.
name: Conroy, Thomas C.
name: Pan, Luke J.
name: Balajonda, Brian
name: Fuhrman, Bethany E. S.
name: Alkubaisi, Mohamed
name: Engelstad, Jacob
name: Dodrill, Joshua
name: Fuchs, Calvin R.
name: Bullard-Connor, Gigi
name: Alhuseini, Isehaq
name: Zygmunt, James C.
name: Sipowicz, Leo
name: Hayrynen, Griffin A.
name: McGill, Riley M.
name: Keating, Caden J.
name: Hart, Omer
name: Cyr, Aidan St.
name: Steinsberger, Christopher H.
name: Thoman, Gerig
name: Wood, Travis M.
name: Ingram, Julia A.
name: Dominguez, J.
name: Georgiades, Nathaniel James
name: Johnson, Matthew
name: Johnson, Sawyer
name: Pedersen, Alexander J.
name: Ralapanawe, Anoush K
name: Thomas, Jeffrey J.
name: Sato, Ginn A.
name: Reynolds, Hope
name: Nasser, Liebe
name: Mizzi, Alexander Z.
name: Damgaard, Olivia
name: Baflah, Abdulrahman A.
name: Liu, Steven Y.
name: Salindeho, Adam D.
name: Norden, Kelso
name: Gearhart, Emily E.
name: Krajnak, Zack
name: Szeremeta, Philip
name: Amos, Meggan
name: Shin, Kyungeun
name: Muckenthaler, Brandon A.
name: Medialdea, Melissa
name: Beach, Simone
name: Wilson, Connor B.
name: Adams, Elena R
name: Aldhamen, Ahmed
name: Harris, Coyle M.
name: Hesse, Troy M.
name: Golding, Nathan T.
name: Larter, Zachary
name: Hernandez, Angel
name: Morales, Genaro
name: Traxler, Robert B.
name: Alosaimi, Meshal
name: Fitton, Aidan F.
name: Aaron, James Holland
name: Lee, Nathaniel F.
name: Liao, Ryan Z.
name: Chen, Judy
name: French, Katherine V.
name: Loring, Justin
name: Colter, Aurora
name: McConvey, Rowan
name: Colozzi, Michael
name: Vann, John D.
name: Scheck, Benjamin T.
name: Weigand, Anthony A
name: Alhabeeb, Abdulelah
name: Idoine, Yolande
name: Woodard, Aiden L.
name: Medellin, Mateo M.
name: Ratajczyk, Nicholas O
name: Tobin, Darien P.
name: Collins, Jack C.
name: Horning, Thomas M.
name: Pellatz, Nick
name: Pitten, John
name: Lordi, Noah
name: Patterson, Alyx
name: Hoang, Thi D
name: Zimmermann, Ingrid H
name: Wang, Hongda
name: Steckhahn, Daniel
name: Aradhya, Arvind J.
name: Oliver, Kristin A.
name: Cai, Yijian
name: Wang, Chaoran
name: Yegovtsev, Nikolay
name: Wu, Mengyu
name: Ganesan, Koushik
name: Osborne, Andrew
name: Wickenden, Evan
name: Meyer, Josephine C.
name: Chaparro, David
name: Visal, Aseem
name: Liu, Haixin
name: Menon, Thanmay S.
name: Jin, Yan
name: Wilson, John
name: Erikson, James W.
name: Luo, Zheng
name: Shitara, Nanako
name: Nelson, Emma E
name: Geerdts, T. R.
name: Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez
name: Lewandowski, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfvén waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $α=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $&gt;$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $α= 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfvén waves are an important driver of coronal heating.
description: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71