cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Financial Contracting Approach to the Role of Supermarkets in Farmers' Credit Access
Creators: name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Veyssiere, Luc
name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Veyssiere, Luc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Contracting
subject: Development
subject: Financial Intermediation
subject: Food Standards
subject: Organization of Production
subject: Supermarket

description: In developing countries, moneylenders who lend to farmers monitor them to make sure that their investment is not diverted. Similarly, modern production contracts offered by supermarkets or agro-export firms entail a loan component under the form of input advances and, like traditional moneylenders, supermarkets also want to make sure that this investment is not diverted. However, unlike moneylenders, supermarkets do care about the attributes of the product (form, quality, food safety, etc.). Whether such attributes are present in the harvested product is largely influenced by the advice and the extension services received by the farmer. We built a financial contracting model where we show that supermarkets, choosing to forgo specialization, optimally delegate to a multi-tasking agent both the monitoring and the advisory missions. This contract is shown to potentially enhance credit access for small farmers and sometimes to involve excessive monitoring. Finally, when involved in production, small farmers are shown to benefit the most, even though the supermarket has all bargaining power when making the contract offer.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 10/17/08.
Geometric methods for the most general Ginzburg-Landau model with two order parameters
Creators: name: Ivanov, I. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Landau potential in the general Ginzburg-Landau theory with two order parameters and all possible quadratic and quartic terms cannot be minimized with the straightforward algebra. Here, a geometric approach is presented that circumvents this computational difficulty and allows one to get insight into many properties of the model in the mean-field approximation.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Spin density wave order in interacting type-I and type-II Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Kundu, Sarbajaya
name: Sénéchal, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl semimetals, featuring massless linearly dispersing chiral fermions in three dimensions, provide an excellent platform for studying the interplay of electronic interactions and topology, and exploring new correlated states of matter. Here, we examine the effect of a local repulsive interaction on an inversion-symmetry breaking Weyl semimetal model, using cluster dynamical mean field theory and variational cluster approximation methods. Our analysis reveals a continuous transition from the gapless Weyl semimetal phase to a gapped spin density wave ordered phase at a critical value of the interaction, which is determined by the band structure parameters. Further, we introduce a finite tilt in the linear dispersion and examine the corresponding behavior for a type-II Weyl semimetal model, where the critical interaction strength is found to be significantly diminished, indicating a greater susceptibility towards interactions. The behavior of different physical quantities, such as the double occupancy, the spectral function and the Berry curvature associated with the Weyl nodes are obtained in both the semimetallic and the magnetically ordered states. Finally, we provide an interaction-induced phase diagram for the Weyl semimetal model, as a function of the tilt parameter.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, submitted version
[Elicitation session in pairs]
Creators: name: Palacio, Philip Tim
name: Cibelli, Emily
name: Sheil, Christine
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cab

description: 4 WAV, 4 TextGrid, and 3 TXT files.
Annotated story text (esc_cms_02_story).
Garifuna reflexives and reciprocals (esc_cms_03).
Polar and content interrogatives (esc_cms_04).
The Araucaria Project: The effect of blending on the Cepheid distance to NGC 300 from Advanced Camera for Surveys images
Creators: name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: Pietrzynski, Grzegorz
name: Gieren, Wolfgang
name: Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain F435W, F555W and F814W single-epoch images of six fields in the spiral galaxy NGC 300. Taking advantage of the superb spatial resolution of these images, we have tested the effect that blending of the Cepheid variables studied from the ground with close stellar neighbors, unresolved on the ground-based images, has on the distance determination to NGC 300. Out of the 16 Cepheids included in this study, only three are significantly affected by nearby stellar objects. After correcting the ground-based magnitudes for the contribution by these projected companions to the observed flux, we find that the corresponding Period-Luminosity relations in V, I and the Wesenheit magnitude W_I are not significantly different from the relations obtained without corrections. We fix an upper limit of 0.04 magnitudes to the systematic effect of blending on the distance modulus to NGC 300. As part of our HST imaging program, we present improved photometry for 40 blue supergiants in NGC 300.
description: To be published in the Astrophysical Journal
Competitive Equilibrium Always Exists for Combinatorial Auctions with Graphical Pricing Schemes
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Marie-Charlotte
name: Haase, Christian
name: Tran, Ngoc Mai
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Competitive equilibrium
subject: Graphical pricing
subject: Lattice polytopes
subject: Combinatorial auctions
subject: Regular subdivisions
subject: Correlation polytope
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: We show that a competitive equilibrium always exists in combinatorial auctions with anonymous graphical valuations and pricing, using discrete geometry. This is an intuitive and easy-to-construct class of valuations that can model both complementarity and substitutes, and to our knowledge, it is the first class besides gross substitutes that have guaranteed competitive equilibrium. We prove through counter-examples that our result is tight, and we give explicit algorithms for constructing competitive pricing vectors. We also give extensions to multi-unit combinatorial auctions (also known as product-mix auctions). Combined with theorems on graphical valuations and pricing equilibrium of Candogan, Ozdagar and Parrilo, our results indicate that quadratic pricing is a highly practical method to run combinatorial auctions.
Exploring Farm Business and Household Expenditure Patterns and Community Linkages
Creators: name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: Wojan, Timothy R.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: Wojan, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farm Management
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm business expenditures
subject: farm household spending
subject: employment
subject: community linkage

description: Farm operators are an integral part of some rural economies. The businesses they operate often hire seasonal and full-time employees and purchase goods and services from local farm implement dealers, input suppliers, and financial institutions. Farm household spending on food, furniture and appliances, trucks and automobiles, and a range of consumer goods also support local jobs and retail businesses in some communities. Based on the 2002 agricultural census and the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey, this paper explores the linkages between farm household/ business expenditures and local communities.
title: Experimental Concrete Pavement Containing Fly-Ash Admixtures
title: [1971]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Philpot, James R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The report enclosed is somewhat routine inasmuch as it documents a repeat of a portion of an earlier experimental project. The previous project was on Poplar Level Road; our final report was dated July 1966 (KYHPR-64-1). Special Provision No. 70 was used also on the Jefferson Freeway project. However, there was no "control section" involved in the current project. The Jefferson Freeway project was authorized by the BPR under P.P.M. 60-2 only (now PPM 20-6.3).  The most significant findings from both projects concern the water requirements the concrete containing the fly-ash admixture. Whereas laboratory tests indicated reasonable expectations of a reduction in water demand in the fly-ash concrete -- in comparison to normal concrete -- these expectations were not realized during construction of either project; and so that peculiar phenomenon persists and remains unexplainable.
Estimating Child Time Preferences: Aiding Rural Schools in Improving Human Capital Formation
Creators: name: Jordan, Jeffrey L.
name: Castillio, Marco
name: Ferraro, Paul J.
name: Petrie, Regan
name: Jordan, Jeffrey L.
name: Castillio, Marco
name: Ferraro, Paul J.
name: Petrie, Regan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: We experimentally investigate the distribution of children's time preferences along gender and racial lines. Black boys have significantly larger discount rates than any other demographic group. Discount rates among Black girls are comparable to rates among White girls. Although White boys exhibit higher discount rates than girls, the difference is small and not statistically significant. These results are robust to alternative measures of patience and to regression analyses that control for socio-economic background and school performance. The measured differences in discount rates are large. All things equal, a Black boy requires expected returns to education 13-15% higher than Black girls to compensate for his larger discounting of future payoffs. Equally importantly, we show that impatience, as measured by discount rates, has a direct effect on behavior. An increase of one standard deviation in the discount rate increases by 5 percent the probability that a child incurs at least 3 school-related disciplinary actions. This result suggests that experiments capture new and relevant information on children. Overall, our results suggests that time preferences might play a large role in setting appropriate incentives for children. Understanding the factors behind these differences in preferences is an important area for future research.
Additional file 20 of Pi-starvation induced transcriptional changes in barley revealed by a comprehensive RNA-Seq and degradome analyses
Creators: name: Sega, Pawel
name: Kruszka, Katarzyna
name: Bielewicz, Dawid
name: Karlowski, Wojciech
name: Przemyslaw Nuc
name: Szweykowska-Kulinska, Zofia
name: Pacak, Andrzej
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 20. The t-plots generated by PAREsnip2 software showing the potential mRNA targets for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) identified in barley shoots (low-Pi vs. control).
An approach for evaluation of observables in analytic versions of QCD
Creators: name: Cvetic, Gorazd
name: Valenzuela, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two variants of an approach for evaluation of observables in analytic QCD models. The approach is motivated by the skeleton expansion in a certain class of schemes. We then evaluate the Adler function at low energies in one variant of this approach, in various analytic QCD models for the coupling parameter, and compare with perturbative QCD predictions and the experimental results. We introduce two analytic QCD models for the coupling parameter which reproduce the measured value of the semihadronic tau decay ratio. Further, we evaluate the Bjorken polarized sum rule at low energies in both variants of the evaluation approach, using for the coupling parameter the analytic QCD model of Shirkov and Solovtsov, and compare with values obtained by the evaluation approach of Milton et al. and Shirkov.
description: revtex4, 8 pages, two eps-figures; one reference added; no other changes; version to appear in J. Phys. G
Hot-Mix Coal-Tar Concrete Pavement
Creators: name: Newberry, Donald C.
name: Rose, Jerry G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The principle objectives of this research were:      To compare the economics and performance of coal tar to asphalt cement;     To develop reliable coal-tar construction specifications;     To familiarize personnel with coal-tar construction; and     To implement Section 201, Subsection d and e, of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965.  To accomplish these objectives, a 6.6-mile experimental section utilizing coal-tar (RT-12) concrete base and surface and 5.1-mile and 5.7-mile control sections utilizing asphalt (PAC-5) concrete base and surface were placed on relocated KY 15 in Perry, Knott, and Letcher Counties during the 1969 and 1970 construction seasons. The pavement consisted of an 11-inch DGA base, two 2 1/2-inch Class I base courses, and a 1 1/2-inch Class I, Type A surface course. The coal tar was supplied by the Barrett Division of Allied Chemical Corporation.  This report covers the Research Division's task of writing the special provision for the coaltar concrete, surveillance of the construction, laboratory evaluation of the paving materials, and analysis of the comparative performance of the experimental and control sections.
FOOD AND NUTRITION IN HYDERABAD. Current Knowledge and Priorities for Action in an Urban Setting
Creators: name: Smith, Natalia
name: Garrett, James L.
name: Vardhan, Vishnu
name: Smith, Natalia
name: Garrett, James L.
name: Vardhan, Vishnu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This report provides an overview of the food and nutrition security situation in the city of Hyderabad. The empirical evidence reviewed in this paper was collected primarily through: (i) electronic bibliographic searches, (ii) informational meetings with key actors in Hyderabad, (iii) data from the second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2) completed in 1998/9, and (iv) qualitative and quantitative studies conducted in selected communities in Hyderabad. The review presents a conceptual model of food and nutrition security that it then uses to frame an exploration of the conditions and causes of food insecurity and malnutrition in Hyderabad. The report also describes food and nutrition programs operating in Hyderabad. It concludes by highlighting knowledge gaps that need to be filled in order to inform policies and programs to reduce food and nutrition insecurity in Hyderabad.
Room for an S = +1 pentaquark in K^+ - nucleus phenomenology
Creators: name: Gal, A.
name: Friedman, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for excitation of exotic S=+1 pentaquark degrees of freedom is presented by studying optical-potential fits to K^+ - nucleus total, reaction and elastic-differential cross section data at p(lab) = 500 - 700 MeV/c. Estimates of the underlying two-nucleon absorption K^+ n N --> Theta^+ N reaction cross section are made and are used for discussing the anticipated cross section of the strangeness exchange reaction K^+ N --> pi Theta^+.
description: Paper extending the results and discussion of Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 072301 (2005), nucl-th/0411052 v3. Tables interchanged. References updated
Análisis y evaluación del impacto regulatorio en el sector de hidrocarburos del Mecanismo Demanda Desconectable Voluntaria (DDV), como parte de los anillos de seguridad del cargo por confiabilidad – estudio caso Vicepresidencia Regional Orinoquía Ecopetrol en el departamento del Meta
Creators: name: Domínguez Baquero, Richard Oswaldo
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Derecho minero - Estudios de caso
subject: Regulación del comercio - Legislación
subject: Mercadeo - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Análisis
subject: Regulación
subject: Hidrocarburos
subject: Demanda

description: Análisis de las medidas de repuesta a la demanda, para este caso, el mecanismo de demanda desconectable voluntaria (DDV), como parte de los anillos de seguridad del cargo por confiabilidad para energía en firme (Res. CREG 071 de 2006) en la industria de los hidrocarburos, considerando que estos usuarios no regulados presentan un alto consumo energético. En primer lugar, se realizó la revisión detallada de la evolución de la regulación en el mercado, considerando, entre otros factores, la participación en las transacciones, oferta, disponibilidad y externalidades. En segundo lugar, se revisó la metodología establecida a la fecha, para el caso de estudio al sistema de potencia eléctrico de la Vicepresidencia Regional Orinoquía de ECOPETROL en el departamento del Meta para 2024; para ello, se modelo el sistema eléctrico mediante la herramienta de simulación Neplan con el fin de establecer el comportamiento de la demanda, evaluando y definiendo las cargas que puedan reducir su consumo de energía en la medida que se cuente con equipos de generación de respaldo o por la modificación de su proceso productivo; se realiza un análisis de los costos operativos OPEX que se invierten con los planes de mantenimiento en las unidades de generación de emergencia.
description: Analysis of demand response measures, in this case, the voluntary disconnectable demand mechanism (DDV), as part of the safety rings of the reliability charge for firm energy (Res. CREG 071 of 2006) in the hydrocarbon industry, considering that these non-regulated users have a high energy consumption. First, a detailed review of the evolution of regulation in the market was carried out, considering, among other factors, participation in transactions, supply, availability, and externalities. Secondly, the methodology established to date was reviewed for the case study of the electric power system of ECOPETROL's Orinoco Regional Vice-Presidency in the department of Meta for 2024; For t his purpose, the electric system is modeled by means of the Neplan simulation tool in order to establish the behavior of the demand, evaluating and defining the loads that can reduce their energy consumption to the extent that backup generation equipment is available or by the modification of their productive process; an analysis of the OPEX operating costs that are invested with the maintenance plans in the emergency generation units is carried out.
Channel Estimation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Wireless Communications Considering Doppler Effect
Creators: name: Sun, Shu
name: Yan, Hangsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In wireless systems aided by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), channel state information plays a pivotal role in achieving the performance gain of RISs. Mobility renders accurate channel estimation (CE) more challenging due to the Doppler effect. In this letter, we propose two practical wideband CE schemes incorporating Doppler shift adjustment (DSA) for multi-path and single-path propagation environments, respectively, for RIS-assisted communication with passive reflecting elements. For the multi-path scenario, ordinary CE is first executed assuming quasi-static channels, followed by DSA realized via joint RIS reflection pattern selection and transformations between frequency and time domains. The proposed CE necessitates only one more symbol incurring negligible extra overhead compared with the number of symbols required for the original CE. For the single-path case which is especially applicable to millimeter-wave and terahertz systems, a novel low-complexity CE method is devised capitalizing on the form of the array factors at the RIS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms yield high CE accuracy and achievable rate with low complexity, and outperform representative benchmark schemes.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Autogeneración : desafíos y oportunidades para el desarrollo y competitividad del sector eléctrico ecuatoriano
Creators: name: Sanmartín González, María Elena
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Energía eléctrica - Ecuador
subject: Derecho minero - Legislación
subject: Derecho penal - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Autogeneración
subject: Desafíos
subject: Oportunidades
subject: Ecuador

description: El estudio ofrece una revisión detallada sobre la forma en la que opera el sistema eléctrico ecuatoriano y, puntualmente, hace una revisión del papel de la autogeneración en Ecuador. Se enfoca en cómo este modelo energético, apoyado por avances tecnológicos y un marco legal e institucional favorable buscan promover la sostenibilidad y eficiencia energética del país. A través del análisis de la regulación, tipos de autogeneradores y procesos para la obtención de títulos habilitantes, el trabajo destaca las ventajas de las energías renovables no convencionales frente a los métodos convencionales de generación. Además, se discuten los desafíos, oportunidades y el impacto económico y ambiental de la autogeneración en el sector eléctrico ecuatoriano, proponiendo recomendaciones para su optimización y desarrollo futuro. Finalmente, este análisis evidencia la importancia de fortalecer el marco regulatorio, los incentivos y la seguridad jurídica para promover una participación más activa del sector privado en la autogeneración, destacando su potencial para contribuir a una transición energética más sostenible y competitiva.
description: The study provides a detailed review of how the Ecuadorian electrical system operates, specifically offering an examination of the role of self-generation in Ecuador. It focuses on how this energy model, supported by technological advancements and a favorable legal and institutional framework, aims to promote the country's energy sustainability and efficiency. Through the analysis of regulations, types of self-generators, and processes for obtaining enabling titles, the work highlights the advantages of non-conventional renewable energies over traditional generation methods. Additionally, the challenges, opportunities, and the economic and environmental impact of self-generation in the Ecuadorian electric sector are discussed, proposing recommendations for its optimization and future development. Finally, this analysis demonstrates the importance of strengthening the regulatory framework, incentives, and legal certainty to encourage a more active participation of the private sector in self-generation, emphasizing its potential to contribute to a more sustainable and competitive energy transition.
Past Performance Evaluation in Repeated Procurement: A Simple Model of Handicapping
Creators: name: Albano, Gian Luigi
name: Cesi, Berardino
name: Albano, Gian Luigi
name: Cesi, Berardino
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Repeated Procurement
subject: Handicapping
subject: Relational Contracts
subject: Stick and Carrot Strategy

description: When procurement contracts are awarded through competitive tendering participating firms commit ex ante to fulfil a set of contractual duties. However, selected contractors may find profitable to renege ex post on their promises by opportunistically delivering lower quality standards. In order to deter ex post moral hazard, buyers may use different strategies depending on the extent to which quality dimensions are contractible, that is, verifiable by contracting parties and by courts. We consider a stylized repeated procurement framework in which a buyer awards a contract over time to two firms with different efficiency levels. If the contractor does not deliver the agreed level of performance the buyer may handicap the same firm in future competitive tendering. We prove that under complete information extremely severe handicapping is never a credible strategy for the buyer, rather the latter finds it optimal to punish the opportunistic firm so as to make the pool of competitors more alike. In other words, when opportunistic behaviour arises, the buyer should use handicapping to “level the playing field”.
Immekus SAC, P. Erwin: Die Russisch-orthodoxe Landpfarrerei zu Beginn des XX. Jahrhunderts nach den Gutachten der Diözesanbischöfe
Creators: name: Bryner, Erich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 29 Nr. 2 (1980): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 29, Heft 2
System size dependence of elliptic flows in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Chen, Lie-Wen
name: Ko, Che Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elliptic flows in both Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are studied in a multi-phase transport model. For both collisions at same reduced impact parameter and minimum bias collisions, the elliptic flow of partons in Cu+Cu collisions is about a factor of three smaller than that in Au+Au collisions at same energy. The reduction factor is similar to the ratio of the sizes of the two colliding systems and is also related to the combined effects of initial energy density and spatial elliptic deformation in the two reactions. A similar system size dependence is also seen in the elliptic flow of charged hadrons from minimum bias collisions.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, revised version, to appear in PLB
Nutation in antiferromagnetic resonance
Creators: name: Mondal, Ritwik
name: Großenbach, Sebastian
name: Rózsa, Levente
name: Nowak, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of inertial spin dynamics is compared between ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic systems. The linear response to an oscillating external magnetic field is calculated within the framework of the inertial Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert equation using analytical theory and computer simulations. Precession and nutation resonance peaks are identified, and it is demonstrated that the precession frequencies are reduced by the spin inertia, while the lifetime of the excitations is enhanced. The interplay between precession and nutation is found to be the most prominent in antiferromagnets, where the timescale of the exchange-driven sublattice dynamics is comparable to inertial relaxation times. Consequently, antiferromagnetic resonance techniques should be better suited for the search for intrinsical inertial spin dynamics on ultrafast timescales than ferromagnetic resonance.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Revisión de la evolución normativa relacionada con experimentación con los animales
Creators: name: Aguilera López, William Ricardo
name: Barreto Montañez, Leonardo
name: Jiménez Morales, Karla Evangelina
name: Parrado Vanegas, Judy Carolina
name: Rairan Benavides, Laura Valeria
name: Torres Soto, Diego Armando
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Animales - Estudios de caso
subject: Experimento con animales - Investigaciones
subject: Organizaciones - Aspectos socioeconómicos
subject: Experimentación animal
subject: Benchmarking
subject: Tres erres
subject: Regulación normativa
subject: Buenas prácticas

description: La experimentación con animales ha representado un paso importante a la hora de conseguir avances académicos, científicos y en beneficio de la salud. Sin embargo, esta práctica ha suscitado discusiones a nivel nacional e internacional respecto a las regulaciones legales, de allí, que se hace necesario que Colombia se ubique a la vanguardia de dichos avances. Para lograrlo es fundamental tener como punto de partida referentes internacionales de la región como Brasil, Uruguay, Chile, Estados Unidos y México. A partir de la aplicación de la metodología del Benchmarking, y el uso de matrices comparativas, se lograron hallar puntos de encuentro entre estos países y Colombia, así como buenas prácticas útiles para la implementación en el país. Estos hallazgos, así como la información acerca de la conformación institucional en Colombia, derivada de un análisis de actores, competencias y roles, permitieron construir veintiún (21) recomendaciones para la actualización normativa en materia de experimentación animal, con énfasis en el monitoreo, las sanciones, el seguimiento y en disposiciones técnicas y operacionales.
description: Experimentation on animals has represented a crucial step in achieving academic, scientific, and health-related advances. However, this practice has sparked national and international debates about legal regulations. Therefore, it is necessary for Colombia to position itself at the forefront of these advances. To achieve this, it is essential to take as a starting point international references in the region, such as Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, the United States, and Mexico. Applying the Benchmarking methodology and using comparative matrices, common points were identified between these countries and Colombia, along with best practices useful for their implementation in Colombia. These findings, together with information on the institutional framework in Colombia, derived from an analysis of actors, competencies, and roles, allowed the development of twentyone (21) recommendations for updating the regulations regarding animal experimentation, with emphasis on monitoring, sanctions, monitoring, and technical and open analysis.
Superconducting critical temperature in the extended diffusive SYK model
Creators: name: Salvati, F.
name: Tagliacozzo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models for strongly interacting fermions in disordered clusters forming an array, with electron hopping between sites, reproduce the linear dependence on temperature of the resistivity, typical of the strange metal phase of High Temperature Superconducting materials (Extended Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models). Our hydrodynamical approach to the marginal Fermi liquid emerging out of the interaction, identifies the low energy collective excitations of the system in its coherent phase. These neutral excitations diffuse in the lattice, but the diffusion is heavily hindered by coupling to the pseudo Goldstone modes of the conformal broken symmetry SYK phase, which are local in space. A critical temperature for superconductivity arises in the electron liquid,in case these excitations are assumed to mediate an attractive Cooper-pairing, in the electron liquid, which is not BCS-like.
description: 37 pages, 12 figures, corrects few ambiguities, some typos and adds 3 references
Differences in Preferences Towards the Environment: The Impact of a Gender, Age and Parental Effect
Creators: name: Torgler, Benno
name: Valinas, Maria A. Garcia
name: Macintyre, Alison
name: Torgler, Benno
name: Valinas, Maria A. Garcia
name: Macintyre, Alison
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Preferences
subject: Environmental Morale
subject: Gender
subject: Age
subject: Children

description: The paper investigates empirically the differences in preferences towards protection of the environment. Using seven different dependent variables to focus on the impact of age, gender and children we use a large micro data set covering data from 33 Western and Eastern European countries. The results indicate that women have both a stronger preference towards the environment and a stronger willingness to contribute. Moreover, we observe the tendency of a negative correlation between age and environmental preferences. However, a positive effect is visible once we focus on the impact of age on social norms (environmental morale). Finally, we were not able to observe that having children is positively correlated with a stronger preference towards the environment.
Additional file 22 of Pi-starvation induced transcriptional changes in barley revealed by a comprehensive RNA-Seq and degradome analyses
Creators: name: Sega, Pawel
name: Kruszka, Katarzyna
name: Bielewicz, Dawid
name: Karlowski, Wojciech
name: Przemyslaw Nuc
name: Szweykowska-Kulinska, Zofia
name: Pacak, Andrzej
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 22. The t-plots generated by PAREsnip2 software showing the potential mRNA targets for differentially expressed other sRNAs (DESs) identified in barley shoots (low-Pi vs. control).
Alcance del artículo 7 de la ley 256 de 1996 (cláusula general de prohibición) y de los criterios para establecer la deslealtad de un comportamiento
Creators: name: Borda Reina, Andrea Carolina
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Industria - Aspectos socioeconómicos
subject: Instrumentos legales - Legislación
subject: Sanciones administrativas - Estudios de caso
subject: Clausula general de prohibición
subject: Criterios de deslealtad
subject: Buena fe comercial
subject: Sanas Costumbre mercantiles
subject: Usos honestos en materia industrial y comercial

description: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal mostrar cuál ha sido el alcance y contenido que le ha dado la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio, la Corte Suprema de Justicia y los Tribunales del Distrito Judicial a la cláusula general de prohibición de las conductas desleales (artículo 7 de la Ley 256 de 1996), y a partir de allí establecer cuál es la función que cumple criterios como la buena fe comercial, las sanas costumbres mercantiles y los usos honestos en materia industrial y comercial. Se analizaron sesenta y tres sentencias y decisiones proferidas por la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio, Corte suprema de Justicia y Tribunal Superior de Bogotá, desde el año 2012 al 2023. En donde, la metodología aplicada para su desarrollo fue examinar cada uno de estos fallos por medio de la elaboración de fichas de análisis en las que se incorporan los datos de identificación de la providencia, los hechos, el tipo de función de la cláusula general y el análisis al artículo 7 en el caso particular y la decisión emitida. Esto servirá para mostrar al lector con gráficas estadísticas cual ha sido la opinión mayoritaria del juez de la Competencia Desleal.
description: The main purpose of this research is to show the scope and content given by the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce, the Supreme Court of Justice, and the District Judicial Courts to the general clause prohibiting unfair practices (Article 7 of Law 256 of 1996). From there, the goal is to establish the role played by criteria such as good faith in commerce, sound commercial practices, and honest industrial and commercial uses. Sixty-three judgments and decisions issued by the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce, the Supreme Court of Justice, and the Superior Court of Bogotá were analyzed from 2012 to 2023. The methodology applied involved examining each of these rulings through the development of analysis cards incorporating identification data of the ruling, facts, the type of function of the general clause, analysis of Article 7 in the particular case, and the decision issued. This will serve to show the reader, through statistical graphs, what has been the majority opinion of the Unfair Competition judge.
RURAL HOUSEHOLD DATA COLLECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: DESIGNING INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS FOR COLLECTING FARM PRODUCTION DATA
Creators: name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Rozelle, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper aids researchers who are conducting microeconomic work in developing countries to more effectively collect farm production data. The discussion focuses on helping the researcher who has fairly well-defined research ideas to better visualize the steps that are necessary for collecting farm production data by raising conceptual and organizational issues that will be faced during the collection process. A wide range of data collection strategies is reviewed for both data-intensive studies that concentrate on production and technological issues, as well as less intensive studies that are only interested in measuring the contribution of farming activities to overall household income. Both survey-based and recordkeeping methodologies are discussed and the tradeoffs of each approach are considered. Examples of survey and recordkeeping instruments provide illustrations of both successful and not so successful forms; the merits and weaknesses of the sample forms and associated data collection methods are critiqued.
Efficiency at maximum power of thermoelectric heat engines with the symmetric semiconductor superlattice
Creators: name: Luo, Xiaoguang
name: Zhang, Hexin
name: Liu, Dan
name: Han, Nannan
name: Mei, Dong
name: Xu, Jinpeng
name: Cheng, Yingchun
name: Huang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82D37

description: Efficiency at maximum power (EMP) is a very important specification for a heat engine to evaluate the capacity of outputting adequate power with high efficiency. It has been proved theoretically that the limit EMP of thermoelectric heat engine can be achieved with the hypothetical boxcar-shaped electron transmission, which is realized here by the resonant tunneling in the one-dimensional symmetric InP/InSe superlattice. It is found with the transfer matrix method that a symmetric mode is robust that regardless of the periodicity, and the obtained boxcar-like electron transmission stems from the strong coupling between symmetric mode and Fabry-Pérot modes inside the allowed band. High uniformity of the boxcar-like transmission and the sharp drop of the transmission edge are both beneficial to the maximum power and the EMP, which are optimized by the bias voltage and the thicknesses of barrier and well. The maximum power and EMP are extracted with the help of machine learning technique, and more than 95% of their theoretical limits can both be achieved for smaller temperature difference, smaller barrier width and larger well width. We hope the obtain results could provide some basic guidance for the future designs of high EMP thermoelectric heat engines.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures in main text and supporting information
Análisis teórico del silencio administrativo positivo en materia tributaria después de la derogatoria del numeral 3 del artículo 730 del Estatuto Tributario
Creators: name: Rozo Moreno, Carlos Julián
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Derecho administrativo - Colombia
subject: Uso - Derecho
subject: Impuestos - Administración
subject: Estatuto Tributario (E.T.)
subject: Código de Procedimiento Administrativo y de lo Contencioso Administrativo (CPACA)
subject: Recurso de reconsideración
subject: Silencio administrativo positivo

description: El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal el estudio del silencio administrativo en materia tributaria en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano por medio del análisis de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia. Para ello, en primer lugar, se hará una aproximación al concepto de silencio administrativo, para luego hablar en concreto del concepto de silencio administrativo en el ordenamiento jurídico tributario de Colombia y, por último, se hará un análisis de la reciente jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado referente a la aplicación del artículo 734 del Estatuto Tributario teniendo en cuenta la derogación del numeral 3 del artículo 730 del Estatuto Tributario
description: The main objective of this research work is to study administrative silence in tax matters in the Colombian legal system through the analysis of doctrine and jurisprudence. To this end, firstly, an approach to the concept of administrative silence will be made, to then speak specifically of the concept of administrative silence in the Colombian tax law and, finally, an analysis will be made of the recent case law of the Council of State regarding the application of Article 734 of the Tax Statute, taking into account the repeal of paragraph 3 of Article 730 of the Tax Statute.
Regulation of intracellular cAMP levels and competence development in haemophilus influenzae by a phosphoenolpyruvate : fructose phosphotransferase system
Creators: name: Macfadyen, Leah Pauline
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Diverse and distantly-related bacteria can develop competence for natural transformation. Competent cells can bind free extracellular DNA, transport it into the cytoplasm, and sometimes recombine it into the chromosome. Competence has a long evolutionary history and is therefore expected to significantly benefit the cell. In an attempt to elucidate the function (benefit) of natural competence, I have carried out genetic studies of the regulation of competence development in Haemophilus influenzae. Competence in this organism is dependent on an increase in intracellular concentrations of cAMP complexed with its receptor, CRP. In related bacteria, cAMP synthesis by adenylate cyclase is regulated in response to carbon source availability by the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS). This enzyme complex detects availability of preferred sugars, and transports them into the cell. In the absence of preferred sugars, the PTS activates adenylate cyclase. I demonstrated the existence of a simple fructose-specific PTS in H. influenzae by cloning the pts and fru operons. I disrupted genes encoding PTS components, constructed mutant strains, and assessed the effect of these mutations on competence and other cAMP-dependent phenotypes. Strains lacking or unable to activate the putative adenylate cyclase-regulating component of this PTS (EIIA[sup Glc]) showed a 150-fold reduction in competence under standard competence-inducing conditions, unless exogenous cAMP was added. Moreover, these PTS-deficient strains could not catabolize cAMP-dependent sugars, and showed reduced (3- galactosidase expression from a cAMP-dependent /acZ-based reporter construct, implying that the H. influenzae regulates adenylate cyclase activity and competence. Competence was also found to be optimized by a cAMP-phosphodiesterase and reduced by the presence of physiological concentrations of free nucleotides. Putative regulatory sites in the promoters of competence genes were shown to be indistinguishable from cAMP-CRP binding sites, suggesting that the cAMP-CRP complex regulates transcription of these genes. In conclusion, adenylate cyclase activity and competence in H. influenzae are regulated by nutritional signals. It is proposed that cells may therefore transport DNA for the nucleotides it contains, and that competence may be part of the hunger response of H. influenzae and other bacteria to nutritional stress.
Automatic detection of microsleep episodes with deep learning
Creators: name: Malafeev, Alexander
name: Hertig-Godeschalk, Anneke
name: Schreier, David R.
name: Skorucak, Jelena
name: Mathis, Johannes
name: Achermann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Brief fragments of sleep shorter than 15 s are defined as microsleep episodes (MSEs), often subjectively perceived as sleepiness. Their main characteristic is a slowing in frequency in the electroencephalogram (EEG), similar to stage N1 sleep according to standard criteria. The maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) is often used in a clinical setting to assess vigilance. Scoring of the MWT in most sleep-wake centers is limited to classical definition of sleep (30-s epochs), and MSEs are mostly not considered in the absence of established scoring criteria defining MSEs but also because of the laborious work. We aimed for automatic detection of MSEs with machine learning, i.e. with deep learning based on raw EEG and EOG data as input. We analyzed MWT data of 76 patients. Experts visually scored wakefulness, and according to recently developed scoring criteria MSEs, microsleep episode candidates (MSEc), and episodes of drowsiness (ED). We implemented segmentation algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a combination of a CNN with a long-short term memory (LSTM) network. A LSTM network is a type of a recurrent neural network which has a memory for past events and takes them into account. Data of 53 patients were used for training of the classifiers, 12 for validation and 11 for testing. Our algorithms showed a good performance close to human experts. The detection was very good for wakefulness and MSEs and poor for MSEc and ED, similar to the low inter-expert reliability for these borderline segments. We provide a proof of principle that it is feasible to reliably detect MSEs with deep neuronal networks based on raw EEG and EOG data with a performance close to that of human experts. Code of algorithms ( https://github.com/alexander-malafeev/microsleep-detection ) and data ( https://zenodo.org/record/3251716 ) are available.
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND AGRICULTURAL EXPORT RESPONSE IN LATIN AMERICA
Creators: name: Markussen, Kristin A.
name: Lee, David R.
name: Markussen, Kristin A.
name: Lee, David R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Expanding exports has been one of the principal goals of structural adjustment programs aimed at restoring external balance of payments equilibria in many developing countries. This paper analyzes the changing responsiveness of agricultural exports to price and exchange rate variation for selected crops in eight Latin American countries over the period 1961-1990. The results show that: (1) commodity and country disaggregation in estimation generates much higher export response elasticities than previously estimated; (2) real exchange rate changes dominate price changes in stimulating export response; and (3) statistical tests confirm structural change in export response elasticities in over half of the equations estimated. Overall, the evidence suggests that price and exchange rate changes accompanying stabilization and adjustment reforms have had significant though non-uniform effects in stimulating agricultural export expansion in Latin America.