cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Application of the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Aviation safety
subject: biological invasions
subject: common starling
subject: Canada goose
subject: Eurasian blackbird
subject: frugivory
subject: grape damage
subject: human well-being
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: We use a recently proposed framework, the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) to undertake the first global assessment of the impacts of alien birds on human well-being. A review of the published literature and online resources was undertaken to collate information on the reported socio-economic impacts of 415 bird species with self-sustaining alien populations worldwide. These data were then categorised following the SEICAT guidelines. Impact data were found for 57 (14%) of the 415 alien bird species in this study. All but two of these species were found to have minor impacts on human well-being. The most significant threat to human well-being posed by alien birds may be associated with their impacts on aviation safety. About two-thirds of the impact data found described agricultural impacts. No data were found describing disease transmission impacts on humans. We lack data for developing regions of the world: this is of concern as alien species can threaten livelihoods in developing countries, particularly by affecting agricultural production and hence food security. Most assessments were allocated a 'Low' confidence score. This may be because SEICAT is a new framework, requiring data on the way in which alien species affect human well-being, as measured by changes to human activities: even where we do have data describing an alien bird impact, information on how profoundly this impact affects people's activities is currently rarely available.
UNPLUGGED CODING LEARNING MANAGEMENT FOR COMPUTATIONAL THINKING DEVELOPMENT OF PRATHOMSUKSA 6 STUDENTS
Creators: name: Sirawadee Romkaew
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Thailand
Year: 2023
Subjects: learning management
unplugged coding
computational thinking

description: SOCIAL SCIENCE ASIA : Official Journal of National Research Council of Thailand in conjunction with Journal of Social Work, 9, 2, 51-62
Self-organization of signal transduction
Creators: name: Scheler, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose a model of parameter learning for signal transduction, where the objective function is defined by signal transmission efficiency. We apply this to learn kinetic rates as a form of evolutionary learning, and look for parameters which satisfy the objective. This is a novel approach compared to the usual technique of adjusting parameters only on the basis of experimental data. The resulting model is self-organizing, i.e. perturbations in protein concentrations or changes in extracellular signaling will automatically lead to adaptation. We systematically perturb protein concentrations and observe the response of the system. We find compensatory or co-regulation of protein expression levels. In a novel experiment, we alter the distribution of extracellular signaling, and observe adaptation based on optimizing signal transmission. We also discuss the relationship between signaling with and without transients. Signaling by transients may involve maximization of signal transmission efficiency for the peak response, but a minimization in steady-state responses. With an appropriate objective function, this can also be achieved by concentration adjustment. Self-organizing systems may be predictive of unwanted drug interference effects, since they aim to mimic complex cellular adaptation in a unified way.
description: updated version, 13 pages, 4 figures, 3 Tables, supplemental table
INFLUENCE OF PASSION FOR LEARNING DRIVE ON MENTAL HEALTH OF KASETSART UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SITUATION OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC
Creators: name: Thanasak Chanthasin
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Thailand
Year: 2023
Subjects: passion for learning drive
mental health
students

description: SOCIAL SCIENCE ASIA : Official Journal of National Research Council of Thailand in conjunction with Journal of Social Work, 9, 2, 63-73
Refining genetically inferred relationships using treelet covariance smoothing
Creators: name: Crossett, Andrew
name: Lee, Ann B.
name: Klei, Lambertus
name: Devlin, Bernie
name: Roeder, Kathryn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent technological advances coupled with large sample sets have uncovered many factors underlying the genetic basis of traits and the predisposition to complex disease, but much is left to discover. A common thread to most genetic investigations is familial relationships. Close relatives can be identified from family records, and more distant relatives can be inferred from large panels of genetic markers. Unfortunately these empirical estimates can be noisy, especially regarding distant relatives. We propose a new method for denoising genetically - inferred relationship matrices by exploiting the underlying structure due to hierarchical groupings of correlated individuals. The approach, which we call Treelet Covariance Smoothing, employs a multiscale decomposition of covariance matrices to improve estimates of pairwise relationships. On both simulated and real data, we show that smoothing leads to better estimates of the relatedness amongst distantly related individuals. We illustrate our method with a large genome-wide association study and estimate the "heritability" of body mass index quite accurately. Traditionally heritability, defined as the fraction of the total trait variance attributable to additive genetic effects, is estimated from samples of closely related individuals using random effects models. We show that by using smoothed relationship matrices we can estimate heritability using population-based samples. Finally, while our methods have been developed for refining genetic relationship matrices and improving estimates of heritability, they have much broader potential application in statistics. Most notably, for error-in-variables random effects models and settings that require regularization of matrices with block or hierarchical structure.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOAS598 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
PynPoint: An Image Processing Package for Finding Exoplanets
Creators: name: Amara, Adam
name: Quanz, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the scientific performance results of PynPoint, our Python-based software package that uses principle component analysis to detect and estimate the flux of exoplanets in two dimensional imaging data. Recent advances in adaptive optics and imaging technology at visible and infrared wavelengths have opened the door to direct detections of planetary companions to nearby stars, but image processing techniques have yet to be optimized. We show that the performance of our approach gives a marked improvement over what is presently possible using existing methods such as LOCI. To test our approach, we use real angular differential imaging (ADI) data taken with the adaptive optics assisted high resolution near-infrared camera NACO at the VLT. These data were taken during the commissioning of the apodising phase plate (APP) coronagraph. By inserting simulated planets into these data, we test the performance of our method as a function of planet brightness for different positions on the image. We find that in all cases PynPoint has a detection threshold that is superior to that given by our LOCI analysis when assessed in a common statistical framework. We obtain our best improvements for smaller inner working angles (IWA). For an IWA of ~ 0.29" we find that we achieve a detection sensitivity that is a factor of 5 better than LOCI. We also investigate our ability to correctly measure the flux of planets. Again, we find improvements over LOCI, with PynPoint giving more stable results. Finally, we apply our package to a non-APP dataset of the exoplanet beta Pictoris b and reveal the planet with high signal-to-noise. This confirms that PynPoint can potentially be applied with high fidelity to a wide range of high-contrast imaging datasets.
description: 9 pages and 6 Figures. Accepted by MNRAS
Embeddable Quantum Homogeneous Spaces
Creators: name: Kasprzak, Paweł
name: Sołtan, Piotr M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L89, 46L85, (Primary) 22D35, 58B32 (Secondary)

description: We discuss various notions generalizing the concept of a homogeneous space to the setting of locally compact quantum groups. On the von Neumann algebra level we find an interesting duality for such objects. A definition of a quantum homogeneous space is proposed along the lines of the pioneering work of Vaes on induction and imprimitivity for locally compact quantum groups. The concept of an embeddable quantum homogeneous space is selected and discussed in detail as it seems to be the natural candidate for the quantum analog of classical homogeneous spaces. Among various examples we single out the quantum analog of the quotient of the Cartesian product of a quantum group with itself by the diagonal subgroup, analogs of quotients by compact subgroups as well as quantum analogs of trivial principal bundles.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure, exposition improved in Section 7, several references added
BOOK REVIEW : EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS AND DATA SCIENCES R FOR TIDYING AND MANIPULATING DATA
Creators: name: Supamas Chumkaew
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Thailand
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: BOOK REVIEW
subject: Educational
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: SOCIAL SCIENCE ASIA : Official Journal of National Research Council of Thailand in conjunction with Journal of Social Work, 9, 2, 74-75
Classification of convex ancient free boundary curve shortening flows in the disc
Creators: name: Bourni, Theodora
name: Langford, Mat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify convex ancient curve shortening flows in the disc with free boundary on the circle.
Particle Diffusivity and Free-Energy Profiles in Hydrogels from Time-Resolved Penetration Data
Creators: name: Wolde-Kidan, Amanuel
name: Herrmann, Anna
name: Prause, Albert
name: Gradzielski, Michael
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Block, Stephan
name: Netz, Roland R.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: dielectric relaxation
subject: fluorescence recovery
subject: hydration repulsion
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: A combined experimental and theoretical method to simultaneously determine diffusivity and free-energy profiles of particles that penetrate into inhomogeneous hydrogel systems is presented. As the only input, arbitrarily normalized concentration profiles from fluorescence intensity data of labeled tracer particles for different penetration times are needed. The method is applied to dextran molecules of varying size that penetrate into hydrogels of polyethylene-glycol chains with different lengths that are covalently cross-linked by hyperbranched polyglycerol hubs. Extracted dextran bulk diffusivities agree well with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data obtained separately. Empirical scaling laws for dextran diffusivities and free energies inside the hydrogel are identified as a function of the dextran mass. An elastic free-volume model that includes dextran as well as polyethylene-glycol linker flexibility quantitively describes the repulsive dextran-hydrogel interaction free energy, which is of steric origin, and furthermore suggests that the hydrogel mesh-size distribution is rather broad and particle penetration is dominated by large hydrogel pores. Particle penetration into hydrogels for steric particle-hydrogel interactions is thus suggested to be governed by an elastic size-filtering mechanism that involves the tail of the hydrogel pore-size distribution.
Protecting the source of drinking water from persistent and mobile substances
Creators: name: Bannink, Andre
name: aus der Beek, Tim
name: Borchers, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The slides from the ZeroPM webinar entitled !Protecting the sources of drinking water from persistent and mobile substances". The webinar was held on the 19th June 2023 and the speakers were Andre Bannink, Tim aus der Beek and Ulrich Borchers.
Lateral Gene Transfer from the Dead
Creators: name: Szöllösi, Gergely J
name: Tannier, Eric
name: Lartillot, Nicolas
name: Daubin, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In phylogenetic studies, the evolution of molecular sequences is assumed to have taken place along the phylogeny traced by the ancestors of extant species. In the presence of lateral gene transfer (LGT), however, this may not be the case, because the species lineage from which a gene was transferred may have gone extinct or not have been sampled. Because it is not feasible to specify or reconstruct the complete phylogeny of all species, we must describe the evolution of genes outside the represented phylogeny by modelling the speciation dynamics that gave rise to the complete phylogeny. We demonstrate that if the number of sampled species is small compared to the total number of existing species, the overwhelming majority of gene transfers involve speciation to, and evolution along extinct or unsampled lineages. We show that the evolution of genes along extinct or unsampled lineages can to good approximation be treated as those of independently evolving lineages described by a few global parameters. Using this result, we derive an algorithm to calculate the probability of a gene tree and recover the maximum likelihood reconciliation given the phylogeny of the sampled species. Examining 473 near universal gene families from 36 cyanobacteria, we find that nearly a third of transfer events -- 28% -- appear to have topological signatures of evolution along extinct species, but only approximately 6% of transfers trace their ancestry to before the common ancestor of the sampled cyanobacteria.
description: published in Systematic Biology http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/01/25/sysbio.syt003.abstract.html
Monte-Carlo simulations of the clean and disordered contact process in three dimensions
Creators: name: Vojta, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absorbing-state transition in the three-dimensional contact process with and without quenched randomness is investigated by means of Monte-Carlo simulations. In the clean case, a reweighting technique is combined with a careful extrapolation of the data to infinite time to determine with high accuracy the critical behavior in the three-dimensional directed percolation universality class. In the presence of quenched spatial disorder, our data demonstrate that the absorbing-state transition is governed by an unconventional infinite-randomness critical point featuring activated dynamical scaling. The critical behavior of this transition does not depend on the disorder strength, i.e., it is universal. Close to the disordered critical point, the dynamics is characterized by the nonuniversal power laws typical of a Griffiths phase. We compare our findings to the results of other numerical methods, and we relate them to a general classification of phase transitions in disordered systems based on the rare region dimensionality.
description: 12 pages, 11 eps figures included, applies simulation and data analysis techniques developed in arXiv:0810.1569 to the 3D contact process, final version as published
Semisimple Algebras and PI-Invariants of Finite Dimensional Algebras
Creators: name: Aljadeff, Eli
name: Karasik, Yakov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16R10

description: Let $Γ$ be a $T$-ideal of identities of an affine PI-algebra over an algebraically closed field $F$ of characteristic zero. Consider the family $\mathcal{M}_Γ$ of finite dimensional algebras $Σ$ with $Id(Σ) = Γ$. By Kemer's theory it is known that such $Σ$ exists. We show there exists a semisimple algebra $U$ which satisfies the following conditions. $(1)$ There exists an algebra $A \in \mathcal{M}_Γ$ with Wedderburn-Malcev decomposition $A \cong U \oplus J_{A}$, where $J_{A}$ is the Jacobson's radical of $A$ $(2)$ If $B \in \mathcal{M}_Γ$ and $B \cong B_{ss} \oplus J_{B}$ is its Wedderburn-Malcev decomposition then $U$ is a direct summand of $B_{ss}$. We refer to $U$ as the unique minimal semisimple algebra corresponding to $Γ$. We fully extend this result to the non-affine $G$-graded setting where $G$ is a finite group. In particular we show that if $A$ and $B$ are finite dimensional $G_{2}:= \mathbb{Z}_{2} \times G$-graded simple algebras then they are $G_{2}$-graded isomorphic if and only if $E(A)$ and $E(B)$ are $G$-graded PI-equivalent, where $E$ is the unital infinite dimensional Grassmann algebra and $E(A)$ is the Grassmann envelope of $A$.
Some considerations in favor of the truth of Goldbach's Conjecture
Creators: name: D'Urso, Ciro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P32

description: This paper presents some considerations about the Goldbach's conjecture (GC). The work is based on elementary results of the number theory and it provides a constructive method that permits, given an even integer, to find at least a pair of prime numbers according to the GC. Eventually a correlation will be provided between this constructive method and a class of problems of operations research.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. http://www.ejmathsci.com
Phonon, Electron, and Magnon Excitations in Antiferromagnetic L1$_{0}$-type MnPt
Creators: name: Kang, Kisung
name: Cahill, David G.
name: Schleife, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antiferromagnetic L1$_{0}$-type MnPt is a material with relatively simple crystal and magnetic structure, recently attracting interest due to its high N{é}el temperature and wide usage as a pinning layer in magnetic devices. While it is experimentally well characterized, the theoretical understanding is much less developed, in part due to the challenging accuracy requirements dictated by the small underlying energy scales that govern magnetic ordering in antiferromagnetic metals. In this work, we use density functional theory, the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker formalism, and a Heisenberg model to establish a comprehensive theoretical description of antiferromagnetic L1$_{0}$-type MnPt, along with accuracy limits, by thoroughly comparing to available literature data. Our simulations show that the contribution of the magnetic dipole interaction to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of $K_{1}$=1.07$\times 10^{6}$\,J/m$^3$ is comparable in magnitude to the spin-orbit contribution. Using our result for the magnetic susceptibility of $5.25\times10^{-4}$, a lowest magnon frequency of about 2.02\,THz is predicted, confirming THz spin dynamics in this material. From our data for electron, phonon, and magnon dispersion we compute the individual contributions to the total heat capacity and show that the dominant term at or above 2\,K arises from phonons. From the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, we compute a Néel temperature of 990--1070 K. Finally, we quantify the magnitude of the magneto-optical Kerr effect generated by applying an external magnetic field. Our results provide insight into the underlying physics, which is critical for a deep understanding of fundamental limits of the time scale of spin dynamics, stability of the magnetic ordering, and the possibility of magneto-optical detection of collective spin motion.
Non-Fermi liquid, unscreened scalar chirality and parafermions in a frustrated tetrahedron Anderson model
Creators: name: Hattori, K.
name: Tsunetsugu, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a four-impurity Anderson model where localized orbitals are located at vertices of a regular tetrahedron and find a novel fixed point in addition to the ordinary Fermi liquid phase. That is characterized by unscreened scalar chirality of a tetrahedron. In this phase, parafermions emerges in the excitation spectrum and quasiparticle mass diverges as 1/|T log^3 T| at low temperatures (T). The diverging effective mass is a manifestation of singular Fermi liquid states as in the underscreened Kondo problem. Between the two phases, our Monte Carlo results show the existence of a non Fermi liquid critical point where the Kondo effects and the intersite antiferromagnetic interactions are valanced. Singular behaviors are prominent in the dynamics and we find that the frequency (omega) dependence of the self-energy (Sigma) is the marginal Fermi liquid like, -Im Sigma \sim |omega|.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, published version
Temperature-dependence of detection efficiency in NbN and TaN SNSPD
Creators: name: Engel, Andreas
name: Inderbitzin, Kevin
name: Schilling, Andreas
name: Lusche, Robert
name: Semenov, Alexei
name: Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm
name: Henrich, Dagmar
name: Hofherr, Matthias
name: Il'in, Konstantin
name: Siegel, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present systematic measurements of the temperature-dependence of detection efficiencies in TaN and NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We have observed a clear increase of the cut-off wavelength with decreasing temperature that we can qualitatively describe with a temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient of the quasi-particles created after photon absorption. Furthermore, the detection efficiency at wavelengths shorter than the cut-off wavelength as well as at longer wavelengths exhibit distinct temperature dependencies. The underlying causes and possible consequences for microscopic detection models are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, presented at ASC 2012, accepted for publication in special issue of IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Small changes in text and figures in response to reviewer comments
Applying rare earth elements, Uranium, and 87Sr/86Sr to disentangle structurally forced confluence of regional groundwater resources: The case of the Lower Yarmouk Gorge
Creators: name: Siebert, Christian
name: Möller, Peter
name: Magri, Fabien
name: Shalev, Eyal
name: Rosenthal, Eliahu
name: Al-Raggad, Marwan
name: Rödiger, Tino
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Uranium
subject: groundwater resources
subject: Lower Yarmouk Gorge
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: The conjoint discussion of tectonic features, correlations of element concentrations, δ18O, δD, and 87Sr/86Sr of groundwater leads to new insight into sources of groundwater, their flow patterns, and salinization in the Yarmouk Basin. The sources of groundwater are precipitation infiltrating into basaltic rock or limestone aquifers. Leaching of relic brines and dissolution of gypsum and calcite from the limestone host rocks generate enhanced salinity in groundwater in different degrees. High U(VI) suggests leaching of U from phosphorite-rich Upper Cretaceous B2 formation. Both very low U(VI) and specific rare earth element including yttrium (REY) distribution patterns indicate interaction with ferric oxyhydroxides formed during weathering of widespread alkali olivine basalts in the catchment area. REY patterns of groundwater generated in basaltic aquifers are modified by interaction with underlying limestones. Repeated sampling over 18 years revealed that the flow paths towards certain wells of groundwater varied as documented by changes in concentrations of dissolved species and REY patterns and U(VI) contents. In the Yarmouk Gorge, groundwater with basaltic REY patterns but high U(VI) and low Sr2+ and intermediate sulfate concentrations mainly ascends in artesian wells tapping a buried flower structure fault system crossing the trend of the gorge.
A Convergent Reaction-Diffusion Master Equation
Creators: name: Isaacson, Samuel A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 65M08, 65M75, 92-08

description: The reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) is a lattice stochastic reaction-diffusion model that has been used to study spatially distributed cellular processes. The RDME is often interpreted as an approximation to spatially-continuous models in which molecules move by Brownian motion and react by one of several mechanisms when sufficiently close. In the limit that the lattice spacing approaches zero, in two or more dimensions, the RDME has been shown to lose bimolecular reactions. The RDME is therefore not a convergent approximation to any spatially-continuous model that incorporates bimolecular reactions. In this work we derive a new convergent RDME (CRDME) by finite volume discretization of a spatially-continuous stochastic reaction-diffusion model popularized by Doi. We demonstrate the numerical convergence of reaction time statistics associated with the CRDME. For sufficiently large lattice spacings or slow bimolecular reaction rates, we also show the reaction time statistics of the CRDME may be approximated by those from the RDME. The original RDME may therefore be interpreted as an approximation to the CRDME in several asymptotic limits.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
Self-coupling: An Effective Method to Mitigate Thermoacoustic Instability
Creators: name: Srikanth, Sneha
name: Sahay, Ankit
name: Pawar, Samadhan A.
name: Manoj, Krishna
name: Sujith, R. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of undesirable large-amplitude self-sustained oscillations in combustors resulting from thermoacoustic instability can lead to performance loss and structural damage to components of gas turbine and rocket engines. Traditional feedback controls to mitigate thermoacoustic instability possess electromechanical components, which are expensive to maintain regularly and unreliable in the harsh environments of combustors. In this study, we demonstrate the quenching of thermoacoustic instability through self-coupling -- a method wherein a hollow tube is used to provide acoustic self-feedback to a thermoacoustic system. Through experiments and modeling, we identify the optimal coupling conditions for attaining amplitude death, i.e., complete suppression of thermoacoustic instabilities, in a horizontal Rijke tube. We examine the effect of both system and coupling parameters on the occurrence of amplitude death. We thereby show that the parametric regions of amplitude death occur when the coupling tube length is close to an odd multiple of the length of the Rijke tube. The optimal location of the coupling tube for achieving amplitude death is near the anti-node of the acoustic standing wave in the Rijke tube. Furthermore, we find that self-coupling mitigates thermoacoustic instability in a Rijke tube more effectively than mutual coupling of two identical Rijke tubes. Thus, we believe that self-coupling can prove to be a simple, cost-effective solution for mitigating thermoacoustic instability in gas turbine combustors.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Network Coordination and Synchronization in a Noisy Environment with Time Delays
Creators: name: Hunt, D.
name: Szymanski, B. K.
name: Korniss, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the effects of nonzero time delays in stochastic synchronization problems with linear couplings in complex networks. We consider two types of time delays: transmission delays between interacting nodes and local delays at each node (due to processing, cognitive, or execution delays). By investigating the underlying fluctuations for several delay schemes, we obtain the synchronizability threshold (phase boundary) and the scaling behavior of the width of the synchronization landscape, in some cases for arbitrary networks and in others for specific weighted networks. Numerical computations allow the behavior of these networks to be explored when direct analytical results are not available. We comment on the implications of these findings for simple locally or globally weighted network couplings and possible trade-offs present in such systems.
description: final version, reflecting changes in response to referees' comments
Energy stability of variable-step L1-type schemes for time-fractional Cahn-Hilliard model
Creators: name: Ji, Bingquan
name: Zhu, Xiaohan
name: Liao, Hong-lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q99, 65M06, 65M12, 74A50

description: The positive definiteness of discrete time-fractional derivatives is fundamental to the numerical stability (in the energy sense) for time-fractional phase-field models. A novel technique is proposed to estimate the minimum eigenvalue of discrete convolution kernels generated by the nonuniform L1, half-grid based L1 and time-averaged L1 formulas of the fractional Caputo's derivative. The main discrete tools are the discrete orthogonal convolution kernels and discrete complementary convolution kernels. Certain variational energy dissipation laws at discrete levels of the variable-step L1-type methods are then established for time-fractional Cahn-Hilliard model.They are shown to be asymptotically compatible, in the fractional order limit $α\rightarrow1$, with the associated energy dissipation law for the classical Cahn-Hilliard equation. Numerical examples together with an adaptive time-stepping procedure are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
description: 26 pages, 25 figures, 10 tables
Limits on Anomalous Couplings of the Higgs to Electroweak Gauge Bosons from LEP and LHC
Creators: name: Masso, Eduard
name: Sanz, Veronica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we assume the Higgs is an elementary scalar, and study how new physics could affect its couplings to electroweak gauge bosons. Adding LHC data to LEP data provides new, more stringent limits, particularly when the Higgs to two photon decay signal strength is taken into account. We then study the effect of anomalous angular correlations in the decay to WW*. We obtain a new limit on the rare decay to photon-Z, and use it to constrain Supersymmetry, to find that staus with large mixing would be most sensitive to this channel. We also use these limits to constrain radion exchange in Warped Extra-Dimensions, finding a limit on the radion mass and interaction scale of the order of TeV. Finally, we have extrapolated the current data to obtain prospects for the full 2012 dataset.
description: 16 figures, 20 pages, replaced with published version
F. G. Hirschmann, Verdun im hohen Mittelalter. Eine lothringische Kathedralstadt und ihr Umland im Spiegel der geistlichen Institutionen, 3 vol., 1996 - T. Bauer, Lotharingien als historischer Raum. Raumbildung und Raumbewußtsein im Mittelalter, 1997
Creators: name: Goullet, M.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Francia, Bd. 26 Nr. 1 (1999)
Black conservatives and the policy of Constructive Engagement, 1981-1989
Creators: name: O'Connor, Jessica
Publisher: name: Australian Catholic University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Black conservative
African American
Constructive Engagement
Black internationalism
developmentalism
Black conservatism

description: This thesis comprises the first critical engagement with the thought and praxis of conservative African American intellectuals and leaders on apartheid South Africa in the 1980s. It examines their attitudes to apartheid South Africa, their practical engagement with the Reagan administration’s policy of Constructive Engagement, and their relationship with antiapartheid activists in the United States and abroad. In doing so, it challenges the marginalisation of Black conservatism in African American history and widens the scope of black internationalism to include a conservative internationalist and developmentalist tradition whose depth and breadth has as yet been little accounted for.
Crossover of the high-energy spin fluctuations from collective triplons to localized magnetic excitations in doped Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 cuprate ladders
Creators: name: Tseng, Y.
name: Thomas, J.
name: Zhang, W.
name: Paris, E.
name: Puphal, P.
name: Bag, R.
name: Deng, G.
name: Asmara, T. C.
name: Strocov, V. N.
name: Singh, S.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
name: Kumar, U.
name: Nocera, A.
name: Rønnow, H. M.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Schmitt, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the magnetic excitations in the quasi-one-dimensional (q-1D) ladder subsystem of Sr_(14-x) Ca_x Cu_24 O_41(SCCO) using Cu L_3-edge resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). By comparing momentum-resolved RIXS spectra with (x=12.2) and without (x=0) high Ca content, we track the evolution of the magnetic excitations from collective two-triplon (2T) excitations (x=0) to weakly-dispersive gapped modes at an energy of 280 meV (x=12.2). Density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations of the RIXS response in the doped ladders suggest that the flat magnetic dispersion and damped excitation profile observed at x=12.2 originates from enhanced hole localization. This interpretation is supported by polarization-dependent RIXS measurements, where we disentangle the spin-conserving ΔS=0 scattering from the predominant ΔS=1 spin-flip signal in the RIXS spectra. The results show that the low-energy weight in the ΔS=0 channel is depleted when Sr is replaced by Ca, consistent with a reduced carrier mobility. Our results demonstrate that off-ladder impurities can affect both the low-energy magnetic excitations and superconducting correlations in the CuO_4 plaquettes. Finally, our study characterizes the magnetic and charge fluctuations in the phase from which superconductivity emerges in SCCO at elevated pressures.
Magnetohydrodynamic stability of broad line region clouds
Creators: name: Krause, Martin
name: Schartmann, Marc
name: Burkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamic stability has been a longstanding issue for the cloud model of the broad line region in active galactic nuclei. We argue that the clouds may be gravitationally bound to the supermassive black hole. If true, stabilisation by thermal pressure alone becomes even more difficult. We further argue that if magnetic fields should be present in such clouds at a level that could affect the stability properties, they need to be strong enough to compete with the radiation pressure on the cloud. This would imply magnetic field values of a few Gauss for a sample of Active Galactic Nuclei we draw from the literature. We then investigate the effect of several magnetic configurations on cloud stability in axi-symmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations. For a purely azimuthal magnetic field which provides the dominant pressure support, the cloud first gets compressed by the opposing radiative and gravitational forces. The pressure inside the cloud then increases, and it expands vertically. Kelvin-Helmholtz and column density instability lead to a filamentary fragmentation of the cloud. This radiative dispersion continues until the cloud is shredded down to the resolution level. For a helical magnetic field configuration, a much more stable cloud core survives with a stationary density histogram which takes the form of a power law. Our simulated clouds develop sub-Alfvenic internal motions on the level of a few hundred km/s.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS, Figure 6 updated due to inconsistent linestyles, corrected mistake in Alfven speed formula, some very minor language corrections. The definitive version is available at www.blackwell- synergy.com
MPEC 2023-W100 : 2023 WJ2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 WJ2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Deep Learning for Ultrasound Speed-of-Sound Reconstruction: Impacts of Training Data Diversity on Stability and Robustness
Creators: name: Jush, Farnaz Khun
name: Biele, Markus
name: Dueppenbecker, Peter M.
name: Maier, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ultrasound b-mode imaging is a qualitative approach and diagnostic quality strongly depends on operators' training and experience. Quantitative approaches can provide information about tissue properties; therefore, can be used for identifying various tissue types, e.g., speed-of-sound in the tissue can be used as a biomarker for tissue malignancy, especially in breast imaging. Recent studies showed the possibility of speed-of-sound reconstruction using deep neural networks that are fully trained on simulated data. However, because of the ever-present domain shift between simulated and measured data, the stability and performance of these models in real setups are still under debate. In prior works, for training data generation, tissue structures were modeled as simplified geometrical structures which does not reflect the complexity of the real tissues. In this study, we proposed a new simulation setup for training data generation based on Tomosynthesis images. We combined our approach with the simplified geometrical model and investigated the impacts of training data diversity on the stability and robustness of an existing network architecture. We studied the sensitivity of the trained network to different simulation parameters, e.g., echogenicity, number of scatterers, noise, and geometry. We showed that the network trained with the joint set of data is more stable on out-of-domain simulated data as well as measured phantom data.
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://melba-journal.org/2023:007
Solve single photon detector problems
Creators: name: Shu, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single photon detector(SPD) problems arise in most quantum tasks, especially for measuring states going through high-lost channels. They are particularly prominent in quantum key distribution(QKD), which could be the most significant application in quantum information theory. In recent years, QKD distance has been improved dramatically but is still restricted because the bit error rate(QBER) caused by SPD dark counts will be out of control as the distance increases. If this problem can be solved, QKD can be implemented over arbitrarily long distances. However, previous solutions often result in impractical requirements such as superconductors while they can only reduce the dark count rate to finite low levels. In this paper, we solve SPD problems with today's technologies only. Although it is the no-cloning theorem that prevents a state from being measured multiple times to obtain a more reliable result, we propose a scheme circumventing the no-cloning theorem in certain tasks to allow a single state to be employed several times. The scheme demonstrates that imperfect detectors can provide nearly perfect results, namely, the QBER caused by dark counts can be reduced to arbitrarily low while in the meantime, detective efficiency can be improved to arbitrarily high. Consequently, QKD distance is not limited by the imperfect SPD anymore and can be improved from hundreds of kilometers to thousands without high-technology detectors. Furthermore, similar schemes can be applied for reducing measurement errors or improving the performance of sources. Finally, it is worth noting that although the paper is mainly discussed in the context of QKD, our scheme is an independent scheme that could be employed in other protocols wherever SPD are employed.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Braid group action and quasi-split affine $\imath$quantum groups I
Creators: name: Lu, Ming
name: Wang, Weiqiang
name: Zhang, Weinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37

description: This is the first of two papers on quasi-split affine quantum symmetric pairs $\big(\widetilde{\mathbf U}(\widehat{\mathfrak g}), \widetilde{\mathbf U}^\imath \big)$, focusing on the real rank one case, i.e., $\mathfrak{g}= \mathfrak{sl}_3$ equipped with a diagram involution. We construct explicitly a relative braid group action of type $A_2^{(2)}$ on the affine $\imath$quantum group $\widetilde{\mathbf U}^\imath$. Real and imaginary root vectors for $\widetilde{\mathbf U}^\imath$ are constructed, and a Drinfeld type presentation of $\widetilde{\mathbf U}^\imath$ is then established. This provides a new basic ingredient for the Drinfeld type presentation of higher rank quasi-split affine $\imath$quantum groups in the sequel.
description: 43 pages, minor corrections
Case Fatality Rate and Severity of COVID-19 among Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Borborema, Tarcísio Silva
name: Brito, Julio Cesar Moreira
name: Batista, Edleusa Marques Lima
name: Batista, Rodrigo Siqueira
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: The sickle cell disease (SCD) population has been considered particularly vulnerable to viral pandemics since the emergence of H1N1 in 2009. In this sense, the advance of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 has brought this group of patients to the center of concern. However, scientific knowledge about the susceptibility of patients with SCD to a severe COVID-19 pandemic is still insufficient, and efforts to establish a general profile of the disease in these patients, remain inadequate. The present study, therefore, sought to characterize the case fatality rate and severity of COVID-19 in patients with SCD throughout the world. A systematic review of Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library databases through December 2021 was then performed. Subsequently, the primary and secondary outcomes were used in the meta-analysis in RStudio® software. Seventy-two studies were included with 6,011 SCD patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection between mid-2020 and early 2022. The mean age of patients was 27 years. During this period, 218 deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported in the studied population, corresponding to an overall case fatality rate of 3%. In addition, 10% of patients with SCD were admitted to the ICU after complications caused by COVID-19, and 4% of them required invasive ventilatory support. In conclusion, the high fatality rate, intensive care unit admission and need for mechanical ventilation due to COVID-19 in young patients with SCD indicate that this population is at high risk for severe disease progression.
The effect of speech pathology on automatic speaker verification -- a large-scale study
Creators: name: Arasteh, Soroosh Tayebi
name: Weise, Tobias
name: Schuster, Maria
name: Noeth, Elmar
name: Maier, Andreas
name: Yang, Seung Hee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Navigating the challenges of data-driven speech processing, one of the primary hurdles is accessing reliable pathological speech data. While public datasets appear to offer solutions, they come with inherent risks of potential unintended exposure of patient health information via re-identification attacks. Using a comprehensive real-world pathological speech corpus, with over n=3,800 test subjects spanning various age groups and speech disorders, we employed a deep-learning-driven automatic speaker verification (ASV) approach. This resulted in a notable mean equal error rate (EER) of 0.89% with a standard deviation of 0.06%, outstripping traditional benchmarks. Our comprehensive assessments demonstrate that pathological speech overall faces heightened privacy breach risks compared to healthy speech. Specifically, adults with dysphonia are at heightened re-identification risks, whereas conditions like dysarthria yield results comparable to those of healthy speakers. Crucially, speech intelligibility does not influence the ASV system's performance metrics. In pediatric cases, particularly those with cleft lip and palate, the recording environment plays a decisive role in re-identification. Merging data across pathological types led to a marked EER decrease, suggesting the potential benefits of pathological diversity in ASV, accompanied by a logarithmic boost in ASV effectiveness. In essence, this research sheds light on the dynamics between pathological speech and speaker verification, emphasizing its crucial role in safeguarding patient confidentiality in our increasingly digitized healthcare era.
description: Published in Scientific Reports