The FRAM robotic telescope for atmospheric monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: The Pierre Auger Collaboration
name: Aab, A.
name: Abreu, P.
name: Aglietta, M.
name: Albury, J. M.
name: Allekotte, I.
name: Almela, A.
name: Alvarez-Muñiz, J.
name: Batista, R. Alves
name: Anastasi, G. A.
name: Anchordoqui, L.
name: Andrada, B.
name: Andringa, S.
name: Aramo, C.
name: Ferreira, P. R. Araújo
name: Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga
name: Asorey, H.
name: Assis, P.
name: Avila, G.
name: Badescu, A. M.
name: Bakalova, A.
name: Balaceanu, A.
name: Barbato, F.
name: Luz, R. J. Barreira
name: Becker, K. H.
name: Bellido, J. A.
name: Berat, C.
name: Bertaina, M. E.
name: Bertou, X.
name: Biermann, P. L.
name: Bister, T.
name: Biteau, J.
name: Blazek, J.
name: Bleve, C.
name: Boháčová, M.
name: Boncioli, D.
name: Bonifazi, C.
name: Arbeletche, L. Bonneau
name: Borodai, N.
name: Botti, A. M.
name: Brack, J.
name: Bretz, T.
name: Orchera, P. G. Brichetto
name: Briechle, F. L.
name: Buchholz, P.
name: Bueno, A.
name: Buitink, S.
name: Buscemi, M.
name: Caballero-Mora, K. S.
name: Caccianiga, L.
name: Canfora, F.
name: Caracas, I.
name: Carceller, J. M.
name: Caruso, R.
name: Castellina, A.
name: Catalani, F.
name: Cataldi, G.
name: Cazon, L.
name: Cerda, M.
name: Chinellato, J. A.
name: Choi, K.
name: Chudoba, J.
name: Chytka, L.
name: Clay, R. W.
name: Cerutti, A. C. Cobos
name: Colalillo, R.
name: Coleman, A.
name: Coluccia, M. R.
name: Conceição, R.
name: Condorelli, A.
name: Consolati, G.
name: Contreras, F.
name: Convenga, F.
name: Santos, D. Correia dos
name: Covault, C. E.
name: Dasso, S.
name: Daumiller, K.
name: Dawson, B. R.
name: Day, J. A.
name: de Almeida, R. M.
name: de Jesús, J.
name: de Jong, S. J.
name: De Mauro, G.
name: Neto, J. R. T. de Mello
name: De Mitri, I.
name: de Oliveira, J.
name: Franco, D. de Oliveira
name: de Palma, F.
name: de Souza, V.
name: De Vito, E.
name: del Río, M.
name: Deligny, O.
name: Di Matteo, A.
name: Dobrigkeit, C.
name: D'Olivo, J. C.
name: Anjos, R. C. dos
name: Dova, M. T.
name: Ebr, J.
name: Engel, R.
name: Epicoco, I.
name: Erdmann, M.
name: Escobar, C. O.
name: Etchegoyen, A.
name: Falcke, H.
name: Farmer, J.
name: Farrar, G.
name: Fauth, A. C.
name: Fazzini, N.
name: Feldbusch, F.
name: Fenu, F.
name: Fick, B.
name: Figueira, J. M.
name: Filipčič, A.
name: Fodran, T.
name: Freire, M. M.
name: Fujii, T.
name: Fuster, A.
name: Galea, C.
name: Galelli, C.
name: García, B.
name: Vegas, A. L. Garcia
name: Gemmeke, H.
name: Gesualdi, F.
name: Gherghel-Lascu, A.
name: Ghia, P. L.
name: Giaccari, U.
name: Giammarchi, M.
name: Giller, M.
name: Glombitza, J.
name: Gobbi, F.
name: Gollan, F.
name: Golup, G.
name: Berisso, M. Gómez
name: Vitale, P. F. Gómez
name: Gongora, J. P.
name: González, J. M.
name: González, N.
name: Goos, I.
name: Góra, D.
name: Gorgi, A.
name: Gottowik, M.
name: Grubb, T. D.
name: Guarino, F.
name: Guedes, G. P.
name: Guido, E.
name: Hahn, S.
name: Hamal, P.
name: Hampel, M. R.
name: Hansen, P.
name: Harari, D.
name: Harvey, V. M.
name: Haungs, A.
name: Hebbeker, T.
name: Heck, D.
name: Hill, G. C.
name: Hojvat, C.
name: Hörandel, J. R.
name: Horvath, P.
name: Hrabovský, M.
name: Huege, T.
name: Hulsman, J.
name: Insolia, A.
name: Isar, P. G.
name: Janecek, P.
name: Johnsen, J. A.
name: Jurysek, J.
name: Kääpä, A.
name: Kampert, K. H.
name: Keilhauer, B.
name: Kemp, J.
name: Klages, H. O.
name: Kleifges, M.
name: Kleinfeller, J.
name: Köpke, M.
name: Kunka, N.
name: Lago, B. L.
name: Lang, R. G.
name: Langner, N.
name: de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui
name: Lenok, V.
name: Letessier-Selvon, A.
name: Lhenry-Yvon, I.
name: Presti, D. Lo
name: Lopes, L.
name: López, R.
name: Lu, L.
name: Luce, Q.
name: Lucero, A.
name: Lundquist, J. P.
name: Payeras, A. Machado
name: Mancarella, G.
name: Mandat, D.
name: Manning, B. C.
name: Manshanden, J.
name: Mantsch, P.
name: Marafico, S.
name: Mariazzi, A. G.
name: Mariş, I. C.
name: Marsella, G.
name: Martello, D.
name: Martinez, H.
name: Bravo, O. Martínez
name: Mastrodicasa, M.
name: Mathes, H. J.
name: Matthews, J.
name: Matthiae, G.
name: Mayotte, E.
name: Mazur, P. O.
name: Medina-Tanco, G.
name: Melo, D.
name: Menshikov, A.
name: Merenda, K. -D.
name: Michal, S.
name: Micheletti, M. I.
name: Miramonti, L.
name: Mollerach, S.
name: Montanet, F.
name: Morello, C.
name: Mostafá, M.
name: Müller, A. L.
name: Muller, M. A.
name: Mulrey, K.
name: Mussa, R.
name: Muzio, M.
name: Namasaka, W. M.
name: Nasr-Esfahani, A.
name: Nellen, L.
name: Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.
name: Niechciol, M.
name: Nitz, D.
name: Nosek, D.
name: Novotny, V.
name: Nožka, L.
name: Nucita, A
name: Núñez, L. A.
name: Palatka, M.
name: Pallotta, J.
name: Papenbreer, P.
name: Parente, G.
name: Parra, A.
name: Pech, M.
name: Pedreira, F.
name: Pękala, J.
name: Pelayo, R.
name: Peña-Rodriguez, J.
name: Martins, E. E. Pereira
name: Armand, J. Perez
name: Bertolli, C. Pérez
name: Perlin, M.
name: Perrone, L.
name: Petrera, S.
name: Pierog, T.
name: Pimenta, M.
name: Pirronello, V.
name: Platino, M.
name: Pont, B.
name: Pothast, M.
name: Privitera, P.
name: Prouza, M.
name: Puyleart, A.
name: Querchfeld, S.
name: Rautenberg, J.
name: Ravignani, D.
name: Reininghaus, M.
name: Ridky, J.
name: Riehn, F.
name: Risse, M.
name: Rizi, V.
name: de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues
name: Rojo, J. Rodriguez
name: Roncoroni, M. J.
name: Roth, M.
name: Roulet, E.
name: Rovero, A. C.
name: Ruehl, P.
name: Saffi, S. J.
name: Saftoiu, A.
name: Salamida, F.
name: Salazar, H.
name: Salina, G.
name: Gomez, J. D. Sanabria
name: Sánchez, F.
name: Santos, E. M.
name: Santos, E.
name: Sarazin, F.
name: Sarmento, R.
name: Sarmiento-Cano, C.
name: Sato, R.
name: Savina, P.
name: Schäfer, C. M.
name: Scherini, V.
name: Schieler, H.
name: Schimassek, M.
name: Schimp, M.
name: Schlüter, F.
name: Schmidt, D.
name: Scholten, O.
name: Schovánek, P.
name: Schröder, F. G.
name: Schröder, S.
name: Schulte, J.
name: Sciutto, S. J.
name: Scornavacche, M.
name: Segreto, A.
name: Sehgal, S.
name: Shellard, R. C.
name: Sigl, G.
name: Silli, G.
name: Sima, O.
name: Šmída, R.
name: Sommers, P.
name: Soriano, J. F.
name: Souchard, J.
name: Squartini, R.
name: Stadelmaier, M.
name: Stanca, D.
name: Stanič, S.
name: Stasielak, J.
name: Stassi, P.
name: Streich, A.
name: Suárez-Durán, M.
name: Sudholz, T.
name: Suomijärvi, T.
name: Supanitsky, A. D.
name: Šupík, J.
name: Szadkowski, Z.
name: Taboada, A.
name: Tapia, A.
name: Taricco, C.
name: Timmermans, C.
name: Tkachenko, O.
name: Tobiska, P.
name: Peixoto, C. J. Todero
name: Tomé, B.
name: Travaini, A.
name: Travnicek, P.
name: Trimarelli, C.
name: Trini, M.
name: Tueros, M.
name: Ulrich, R.
name: Unger, M.
name: Vaclavek, L.
name: Vacula, M.
name: Galicia, J. F. Valdés
name: Valore, L.
name: Varela, E.
name: C., V. Varma K.
name: Vásquez-Ramírez, A.
name: Veberič, D.
name: Ventura, C.
name: Quispe, I. D. Vergara
name: Verzi, V.
name: Vicha, J.
name: Vink, J.
name: Vorobiov, S.
name: Wahlberg, H.
name: Watanabe, C.
name: Watson, A. A.
name: Weber, M.
name: Weindl, A.
name: Wiencke, L.
name: Wilczyński, H.
name: Winchen, T.
name: Wirtz, M.
name: Wittkowski, D.
name: Wundheiler, B.
name: Yushkov, A.
name: Zapparrata, O.
name: Zas, E.
name: Zavrtanik, D.
name: Zavrtanik, M.
name: Zehrer, L.
name: Zepeda, A.
name: Cunniffe, R.
name: Eliášek, J.
name: Ebrová, I.
name: Jelínek, M.
name: Karpov, S.
name: Kubánek, P.
name: Mašek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FRAM (F/Photometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) is a robotic telescope operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for the purposes of atmospheric monitoring using stellar photometry. As a passive system which does not produce any light that could interfere with the observations of the fluorescence telescopes of the observatory, it complements the active monitoring systems that use lasers. We discuss the applications of stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring at optical observatories in general and the particular modes of operation employed by the Auger FRAM. We describe in detail the technical aspects of FRAM, the hardware and software requirements for a successful operation of a robotic telescope for such a purpose and their implementation within the FRAM system.
description: Published version, 27 pages, 8 figures