cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MgB_2 under pressure: phonon calculations, Raman spectroscopy, and optical reflectance
Creators: name: Kunc, K.
name: Loa, I.
name: Syassen, K.
name: Kremer, R. K.
name: Ahn, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of pressure on optical phonon frequencies of MgB$_2$ has been calculated using the frozen-phonon approach based on a pseudopotential method. Grüneisen parameters of the harmonic mode frequencies are reported for the high-frequency zone-center $E_{2g}$ and $B_{1g}$ and the zone-boundary $E_{2u}$ and $B_{2u}$ modes at $A$. Anharmonic effects of phonon frequencies and the implications of the calculated phonon frequency shifts for the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of MgB$_2$ are discussed. Also reported are Raman and optical reflectance spectra of MgB$_2$ measured at high pressures. The experimental observations in combination with calculated results indicate that broad spectral features we observed in the Raman spectra at frequencies between 500 and 900 cm$^{-1}$ cannot be attributed to first-order scattering by zone-center modes, but originate in part from a chemical species other than MgB$_2$ at the sample surface and in part from a maximum in the MgB$_2$ phonon density of states. Low-temperature Raman spectra taken at ambient pressure showed increased scattering intensity in the region below 300 cm$^{-1}$.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures (EPS), revtex
Additional file 1 of Greedy de novo motif discovery to construct motif repositories for bacterial proteomes
Creators: name: Khakzad, Hamed
name: Malmstrรถm, Johan
name: Malmstrรถm, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Table 1. The logo of all 20 motifs obtained from our approach for M protein family is listed in a multi-page table in the supplementary material. (PDF 1075 kb)
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023: Sea Surface Temperature
Creators: name: Timmermans, M. -L.
name: Labe, Z.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC ; 23-07
description: Arctic Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the summer (June-August) are driven by the amount of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the sea surface and by the flow of warm waters into the Arctic from the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Solar warming of the Arctic Ocean surface is influenced by sea ice distribution (with greater warming occurring in ice-free regions), cloud cover, and upper-ocean stratification. Discharge of relatively warm Arctic river waters can provide an additional heat source to the surface of marginal seas.
Clark-Ocone Formula for Generalized Functionals of Discrete-Time Normal Noises
Creators: name: Wang, Caishi
name: Lin, Shuai
name: Huang, Ailing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 60H40, Secondary: 47B38

description: The Clark-Ocone formula in the theory of discrete-time chaotic calculus holds only for square integrable functionals of discrete-time normal noises. In this paper, we aim at extending this formula to generalized functionals of discrete-time normal noises. Let $Z$ be a discrete-time normal noise that has the chaotic representation property. We first prove a result concerning the regularity of generalized functionals of $Z$. Then, we use the Fock transform to define some fundamental operators on generalized functionals of $Z$, and apply the above mentioned regularity result to prove the continuity of these operators. Finally, we establish the Clark-Ocone formula for generalized functionals of $Z$, and show its application results, which include the covariant identity result and the variant upper bound result for generalized functionals of $Z$.
Hadrons with charmed quarks in matter
Creators: name: Sibirtsev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the $D{\bar D}$ decay width of excited charmonium states at finite nuclear density with simultaneous modification of both $D$ and ${\bar D}$ mesons in nuclear matter. The strongest effect is found for the $Ψ^{\prime}$ meson. The medium modification can be detected by dilepton spectroscopy as substantial $Ψ^{\prime}$ broadening and anomalous $Ψ^{\prime}$ absorption.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, svjour style. To appear in the proceedings of Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics (QNP 2002), Julich, Germany, 9-14 Jun 2002
Stationary vs non-stationary modelling of flood frequency distribution across northwest England
Creators: name: Hesarkazzazi, Sina
name: Rezgar Arabzadeh
name: Hajibabaei, Mohsen
name: Rauch, Wolfgang
name: Kjeldsen, Thomas R.
name: Prosdocimi, Ilaria
name: Castellarin, Attilio
name: Sitzenfrei, Robert
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Extraordinary flood events occurred recently in northwest England, with several severe floods in Cumbria, Lancashire and the Manchester area in 2004, 2009 and 2015. These clustered extraordinary events have raised the question of whether any changes in the magnitude and frequency of river flows in the region can be detected. For this purpose, the annual maximum series of 39 river gauging stations in the study area are analysed. In particular, non-stationary models that include time, annual rainfall and annual temperature as predictors are investigated. Most records demonstrate a marked non-stationary behaviour and an increase of up to 75% in flood quantile estimates during the study period. Annual rainfall explains the largest proportion of variability in the peak flow series relative to other predictors considered in our study, providing practitioners with a useful framework for updating flood quantile estimates based on the dynamics of this highly accessible and informative climate indicator.
Crossover from nonadiabatic to adiabatic electron transfer reactions: Multilevel blocking Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Muehlbacher, L.
name: Egger, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crossover from nonadiabatic to adiabatic electron transfer has been theoretically studied under a spin-boson model (dissipative two-state system) description. We present numerically exact data for the thermal transfer rate and the time-dependent occupation probabilities in largely unexplored regions of parameter space, using real-time path-integral Monte Carlo simulations. The dynamical sign problem is relieved by employing a variant of the recently proposed multilevel blocking algorithm. We identify the crossover regime between nonadiabatic and adiabatic electron transfer, both in the classical (high-temperature) and the quantum (low-temperature) limit. The electron transfer dynamics displays rich behaviors, including multi-exponential decay and the breakdown of a rate description due to vibrational coherence.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures submitted to the Journal of Chemical Physics
Simulation of Potts models with real q and no critical slowing down
Creators: name: Gliozzi, Ferdinando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed to simulate ferromagnetic q-state Potts model for any real q>0. A single update is a random sequence of disordering and deterministic moves, one for each link of the lattice. A disordering move attributes a random value to the link, regardless of the state of the system, while in a deterministic move this value is a state function. The relative frequency of these moves depends on the two parameters q and beta. The algorithm is not affected by critical slowing down and the dynamical critical exponent z is exactly vanishing. We simulate in this way a 3D Potts model in the range 2
description: 5 pages, 3 figures slightly extended version, to appear in Phys. Rev. E
A comparison between generalized least squares regression and top-kriging for homogeneous cross-correlated flood regions
Creators: name: Persiano, Simone
name: Salinas, Jose Luis
name: Jery Russell Stedinger
name: Farmer, William H.
name: Lun, David
name: Viglione, Alberto
name: Blöschl, Günter
name: Castellarin, Attilio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Spatial cross-correlation among flood sequences impacts the accuracy of regional predictors. Our study investigates this impact for two regionalization procedures, generalized least squares (GLS) regression and top-kriging (TK), which deal with cross-correlation in two fundamentally different ways and therefore might be associated with different accuracy and uncertainty of predicted flood quantiles. We perform a Monte Carlo experiment based on a dataset of annual maximum flood series for 20 catchments in a hydrologically homogeneous region. Based on a log-Pearson type III parent distribution, we generate 3000 realizations of the region with different degrees of cross-correlation. For each realization, GLS and TK are applied in leave-one-out cross-validation to predict at-site flood quantiles. Our study shows that (a) TK outperforms GLS when catchment area is the only catchment descriptor used for predicting “true” population (theoretical) flood quantiles, regardless of the level of cross-correlation, and (b) GLS and TK perform similarly when multiple catchment descriptors are used.
title: Transcribed Interview with High Chief S.A. Akintan in Idanre, 2012
Creators: name: Ajiola, Felix Oludare
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Second interview, Interview (II) with High Chief Agboola Akintan (Ojomu of Idanre Kingdom) during Ogun festival in Idanre, 2 August 2012.
Interview by Felix Oludare Ajiola.
A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Pre-Harvest Meat Safety Interventions in Pig Herds to Control Salmonella and Other Foodborne Pathogens
Creators: name: Rodrigues Da Costa, Maria
name: Pessoa, Joana
name: Meemken, Diana
name: Nesbakken, Truls
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: farm practices
subject: foodborne pathogens
subject: pig production
subject: pork
subject: pre-harvest interventions
subject: salmonella
subject: zoonoses
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of pre-harvest interventions to control the main foodborne pathogens in pork in the European Union. A total of 1180 studies were retrieved from PubMed® and Web of Science for 15 pathogens identified as relevant in EFSA’s scientific opinion on the public health hazards related to pork (2011). The study selection focused on controlled studies where a cause–effect could be attributed to the interventions tested, and their effectiveness could be inferred. Altogether, 52 studies published from 1983 to 2020 regarding Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium avium, and Salmonella spp. were retained and analysed. Research was mostly focused on Salmonella (n = 43 studies). In-feed and/or water treatments, and vaccination were the most tested interventions and were, overall, successful. However, the previously agreed criteria for this systematic review excluded other effective interventions to control Salmonella and other pathogens, like Yersinia enterocolitica, which is one of the most relevant biological hazards in pork. Examples of such successful interventions are the Specific Pathogen Free herd principle, stamping out and repopulating with disease-free animals. Research on other pathogens (i.e., Hepatitis E, Trichinella spiralis and Toxoplasma gondii) was scarce, with publications focusing on epidemiology, risk factors and/or observational studies. Overall, high herd health coupled with good management and biosecurity were effective to control or prevent most foodborne pathogens in pork at the pre-harvest level.
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023 : Sea Ice
Creators: name: Meier, W. N.
name: Petty, A.
name: Hendricks, S.
name: Kaleschke, L.
name: Divine, D.
name: Farrell, S.
name: Gerland, S.
name: Perovich, D.
name: Ricker, R.
name: Tian-Kunze, X.
name: Webster, M.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC ; 23-06
description: Arctic sea ice is the frozen interface between the ocean and the atmosphere. It reduces the absorption of solar energy because of its high albedo relative to the darker open ocean surface. In addition, as a physical barrier, it modifies the heat and moisture transfer between the atmosphere and ocean. Sea ice plays a key role in  the ecosystem, providing an essential habitat for marine life and modulating the biogeochemical balance of the Arctic. The sea ice cover has long played a practical and cultural role in Indigenous communities of the north. Sea ice historically limited national and corporate activities in the Arctic, but decreased ice cover is influencing commercial transportation, resource extraction, and national security.
Estimating the Impact of Seasonal Truck Shortages To the Pacific Northwest Apple Industry: Transportation Cost Minimization Approach
Creators: name: Jessup, Eric
name: Herrington, Ryan
name: Jessup, Eric
name: Herrington, Ryan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This research paper focuses specifically on the frequent and persistent problem of truck shortages which occur for shipment of time-sensitive, perishable produce out of the Pacific Northwest. Washington State is the number one apple producing state in the U.S., producing over 2.7 million tons of apples per year valued at over $1 billion. However, without timely and accessible transportation to move the product from production to the table of the consumer, the value to apple producers and the states’ economy diminishes rapidly. This research aims to identify and quantify the change in total transportation cost which occur as a result of seasonal truck shortages and associated rate increases and to provide an avenue for evaluating changes at specific destination markets, modal changes and market competitiveness. This is accomplished by utilizing a cost-minimizing optimization model representing apple shipments from 29 producing supply points to 16 domestic markets and 3 international export markets over four seasons and two mode options (truck and rail). Total transportation costs increase nearly $12 million as a result of truck shortages, going from $245.6 million without shortages to $257.5 million under the current seasonal situation. Overall (across all seasons), the export markets of the Nogales, McAllen and the Port of Seattle experience the greatest negative impact as a result of truck shortages, followed by domestic markets within close proximity of Washington at Seattle and San Francisco. The Large markets of New York and Los Angeles also experience relatively large increases in transportation cost per tonmile.
Kolyvagin Derivatives of Modular Points on Elliptic Curves
Creators: name: Hatton, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05, 11G18, 11G40

description: Let $E / \mathbb{Q}$ and $A / \mathbb{Q}$ be elliptic curves. We can construct modular points derived from $A$ via the modular parametrisation of $E$. With certain assumptions we can show that these points are of infinite order and are not divisible by a prime $p$. In particular, using Kolyvagin's construction of derivative classes, we can find elements in certain Shafarevich-Tate groups of order $p^{n}$.
description: Final Version. To appear in Journal of Number Theory. 23 pages
A novel, sensitive dual-indicator cell line for detection and quantification of inducible, replication-competent latent HIV-1 from reservoir cells
Creators: name: Salasc, Fanny
name: Gludish, David W.
name: Jarvis, Isobel
name: Boliar, Saikat
name: Wills, Mark R.
name: Russell, David G.
name: Lever, Andrew M. L.
name: Mok, Hoi-Ping
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/1647/2234
/631/326/596/1787
/13/31
/14/63
/13/109
/38/1
article

description: Funder: DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
description: Funder: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
description: Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms involved in HIV infection and latency, and development of a cure, rely on the availability of sensitive research tools such as indicator cells, which allow rigorous quantification of viral activity. Here we describe the construction and validation of a novel dual-indicator cell line, Sup-GGR, which offers two different readouts to quantify viral replication. A construct expressing both Gaussia luciferase and hrGFP in a Tat- and Rev-dependent manner was engineered into SupT1-CCR5 to create Sup-GGR cells. This cell line supports the replication of both X4 and R5-tropic HIV as efficiently as its parental cell line, SupT1-CCR5, and allows repeated sampling without the need to terminate the culture. Sup-GGR demonstrates comparable sensitivity and similar kinetics in virus outgrowth assays (VOA) to SupT1-CCR5 using clinical samples. However the Gaussia luciferase reporter is significantly less labor-intensive and allows earlier detection of reactivated latent viruses compared to the conventional HIV p24 ELISA assay. The Sup-GGR cell line constitutes a versatile new tool for HIV research and clinical trials.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Planar Deformation Features from Single Electron Micrographs
Creators: name: León-Cázares, F. D.
name: Kienl, C.
name: Rae, C. M. F.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article

description: Abstract: Dislocations are crystal defects responsible for plastic deformation, and understanding their behavior is key to the design of materials with better properties. Electron microscopy has been widely used to characterize dislocations, but the resulting images are only two-dimensional projections of the real defects. The current work introduces a framework to determine the sample and crystal orientations from micrographs with planar deformation features (twins, stacking faults, and slip bands) in three or four non-coplanar slip systems of an fcc material. This is then extended into a methodology for the three-dimensional reconstruction of dislocations lying on planes with a known orientation that can be easily coupled with a standard Burgers vector analysis, as proved here in a nickel-based superalloy. This technique can only be used in materials that show specific deformation conditions, but it is faster than other alternatives as it relies on the manual tracing of dislocations in a single micrograph.
Inverse Compton Scattering of the Central Source Photons as an X-ray Emission Mechanism on Kiloparsec Scales in PKS 1127-145
Creators: name: Butuzova, Marina S.
name: Pushkarev, Alexander B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The beamed inverse Compton/cosmic microwave background model has generally been used for the interpretation of X-ray radiation from kiloparsec-scale jets of the core-dominated quasars. Recent \textit{Fermi}-LAT and \textit{HST} observations have brought this model into question. We examine the assumption that X-rays from the kiloparsec-scale jet of the quasar PKS~1127$-$145 are produced by inverse Compton scattering of the central source emission. In this context, we show that both similarity and distinction between the observed radio and X-ray spectral indices for some of the jet knots can be explained under a single power-law electron energy distribution. We derive that the viewing angle of the kiloparsec-scale jet is about $35^\circ$ and the jet has a moderate relativistic speed of $\approx 0.8c$. The predicted gamma-ray flux of the jet is found to be a few orders of magnitude lower than the minimum flux level measured by \textit{Fermi}-LAT, further supporting our scenario.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables; minor language corrections to the text are introduced
Gravitational Lensing at Millimeter Wavelengths
Creators: name: Wiklind, Tommy
name: Alloin, Danielle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With today's millimeter and submillimeter instruments observers use gravitational lensing mostly as a tool to boost the sensitivity when observing distant objects. This is evident through the dominance of gravitationally lensed objects among those detected in CO rotational lines at z>1. It is also evident in the use of lensing magnification by galaxy clusters in order to reach faint submm/mm continuum sources. There are, however, a few cases where millimeter lines have been directly involved in understanding lensing configurations. Future mm/submm instruments, such as the ALMA interferometer, will have both the sensitivity and the angular resolution to allow detailed observations of gravitational lenses. The almost constant sensitivity to dust emission over the redshift range z=1-10 means that the likelihood for strong lensing of dust continuum sources is much higher than for optically selected sources. A large number of new strong lenses are therefore likely to be discovered with ALMA, allowing a direct assessment of cosmological parameters through lens statistics. Combined with an angular resolution <0.1", ALMA will also be efficient for probing the gravitational potential of galaxy clusters, where we will be able to study both the sources and the lenses themselves, free of obscuration and extinction corrections, derive rotation curves for the lenses, their orientation and, thus, greatly constrain lens models.
description: 69 pages, Review on quasar lensing. Part of a LNP Topical Volume on "Dark matter and gravitational lensing", eds. F. Courbin, D. Minniti. To be published by Springer-Verlag 2002. Paper with full resolution figures can be found at ftp://oden.oso.chalmers.se/pub/tommy/mmviews.ps.gz
Modeling as Scientific Reasoning - The Role of Abductive Reasoning for Modeling Competence
Creators: name: Upmeier Zu Belzen, Annette
name: Engelschalt, Paul
name: Krüger, Dirk
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: scientific reasoning
subject: abductive reasoning
subject: models
subject: modeling
subject: model construction
subject: model application
subject: modeling competence
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: While the hypothetico-deductive approach, which includes inductive and deductive reasoning, is largely recognized in scientific reasoning, there is not much focus on abductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning describes the theory-based attempt of explaining a phenomenon by a cause. By integrating abductive reasoning into a framework for modeling competence, we strengthen the idea of modeling being a key practice of science. The framework for modeling competence theoretically describes competence levels structuring the modeling process into model construction and model application. The aim of this theoretical paper is to extend the framework for modeling competence by including abductive reasoning, with impact on the whole modeling process. Abductive reasoning can be understood as knowledge expanding in the process of model construction. In combination with deductive reasoning in model application, such inferences might enrich modeling processes. Abductive reasoning to explain a phenomenon from the best fitting guess is important for model construction and may foster the deduction of hypotheses from the model and further testing them empirically. Recent studies and examples of learners’ performance in modeling processes support abductive reasoning being a part of modeling competence within scientific reasoning. The extended framework can be used for teaching and learning to foster scientific reasoning competences within modeling processes.
Shot noise of series quantum point contacts intercalating chaotic cavities
Creators: name: Oberholzer, S.
name: Sukhorukov, E. V.
name: Strunk, C.
name: Schoenenberger, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shot noise of series quantum point contacts forming a sequence of cavities in a two dimensional electron gas are studied theoretically and experimentally. Noise in such a structure originates from local scattering at the point contacts as well as from chaotic motion of the electrons in the cavities. We found that the measured shot noise is in reasonable agreement with our theoretical prediction taking the cavity noise into account.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Reproducibility of compartmental modelling of 18 F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate lung inflammation
Creators: name: Vass, Laurence D.
name: Lee, Sarah
name: Wilson, Frederick J.
name: Fisk, Marie
name: Cheriyan, Joseph
name: Wilkinson, Ian
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Original Research
Positron emission tomography computed tomography
Kinetic modelling
Lung inflammation
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Reproducibility of results
Pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive
Biomarkers

description: Abstract: Introduction: Compartmental modelling is an established method of quantifying 18F-FDG uptake; however, only recently has it been applied to evaluate pulmonary inflammation. Implementation of compartmental models remains challenging in the lung, partly due to the low signal-to-noise ratio compared to other organs and the lack of standardisation. Good reproducibility is a key requirement of an imaging biomarker which has yet to be demonstrated in pulmonary compartmental models of 18F-FDG; in this paper, we address this unmet need. Methods: Retrospective subject data were obtained from the EVOLVE observational study: Ten COPD patients (age =66±9; 8M/2F), 10 α1ATD patients (age =63±8; 7M/3F) and 10 healthy volunteers (age =68±8; 9M/1F) never smokers. PET and CT images were co-registered, and whole lung regions were extracted from CT using an automated algorithm; the descending aorta was defined using a manually drawn region. Subsequent stages of the compartmental analysis were performed by two independent operators using (i) a MIAKATTM based pipeline and (ii) an in-house developed pipeline. We evaluated the metabolic rate constant of 18F-FDG (Kim) and the fractional blood volume (Vb); Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the results. Further, we adjusted the in-house pipeline to identify the salient features in the analysis which may help improve the standardisation of this technique in the lung. Results: The initial agreement on a subject level was poor: Bland-Altman coefficients of reproducibility for Kim and Vb were 0.0031 and 0.047 respectively. However, the effect size between the groups (i.e. COPD, α1ATD and healthy subjects) was similar using either pipeline. We identified the key drivers of this difference using an incremental approach: ROI methodology, modelling of the IDIF and time delay estimation. Adjustment of these factors led to improved Bland-Altman coefficients of reproducibility of 0.0015 and 0.027 for Kim and Vb respectively. Conclusions: Despite similar methodology, differences in implementation can lead to disparate results in the outcome parameters. When reporting the outcomes of lung compartmental modelling, we recommend the inclusion of the details of ROI methodology, input function fitting and time delay estimation to improve reproducibility.
A Framework for Analysis of Security Measures Within On-airport Cargo Facilities
Creators: name: Rountree, Carla
name: Demetsky, Michael J.
name: Rountree, Carla
name: Demetsky, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 displayed the shortcomings of aviation security in the United States. Most of the attention on aviation security since that time has focused on airline passengers, their luggage, and their carry-on items, leaving air cargo security on the back burner. The lack of security screening and screening guidelines of cargo traveling by both passenger and all-cargo aircraft is the driving purpose behind this research project: the development of a framework that may be used by individual airports or airlines to analyze various security setups for screening outbound air cargo within an on-airport cargo facility. This was accomplished through airport surveys, a case study at an air cargo facility, and computer simulations testing various setups of security technologies to screen cargo within a facility. Data collected from surveys sent to major airports around the nation revealed the lack of security in the air cargo environment and validated the need for this research. Information was obtained on security measures utilized for cargo and personnel, as well as the frequency of cargo screenings and information on the size and setups of cargo facilities. A case study was performed at a cargo facility within a major U.S. airport in order to gather data pertinent to the simulations used to test the security setups. Information gathered on truck arrivals, the number of flight destinations, security measures in place, as well as the general facility setup was used to form the basis of the simulations. The simulations, conducted in Arena 7.01, tested the effectiveness and cargo throughput of four security cases. Each case employed a different combination of security measures proven suitable for an air cargo environment. The security setups were evaluated based on the security systems’ costs, the overall effectiveness of catching highrisk cargo, and the average amount of time taken to process cargo through the facility. The Arena simulations present airlines, freight forwarders, and airport authorities with the necessary tool to evaluate various cargo security screening measures that will provide the best security solution for their particular facility or facilities. However, further research is needed on the effectiveness of many security technologies. With this information, government and aviation officials will be able to use this framework as a step toward achieving a well-rounded plan for ensuring the safety and security of our nation’s air cargo.
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023 : Greenland Ice Sheet
Creators: name: Poinar, K.
name: Mankoff, K. D.
name: Fausto, R. S.
name: Fettweis, X.
name: Loomis, B. D.
name: Wehrlé, A.
name: Jensen, C. D.
name: Tedesco, M.
name: Box, J. E.
name: Mote, T. L.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC ; 23-05
description: The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is the second-largest contributor of sea-level rise (SLR), after thermal expansion (Zemp et al. 2019). Ice mass loss from the GrIS affects environments and societies worldwide through coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, habitat loss, increased flooding, and, in some locations, permanent inundation. In every year since 1998, the GrIS has lost mass overall. In the one-year period from 1 September 2022 to 31 August 2023, the GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-on) satellite mission measured a total GrIS mass balance of -156 ± 22 Gt (mean ± 1 st. dev.), the equivalent of ~0.4 mm SLR (Fig. 1). This loss was 60 Gt (28%) less than the 2002-23 GrIS yearly average of -216 ± 8 Gt measured by GRACE/GRACE-FO.
Additional file 1: of Discriminative validity of the EQ-5D-5 L and SF-12 in older adults with arthritis
Creators: name: Andrews Tawiah
name: Sayah, Fatima Al
name: Ohinmaa, Arto
name: Johnson, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1. Correlation Matrix for EQ-5D-5 L and SF-12 (Overall sample). Figure S1. Scatter Plot of EQ-5D-5 L index Score and SF-6D index score. (DOCX 472 kb)
Benchmarking seasonal forecasting skill using river flow persistence in Irish catchments
Creators: name: Quinn, Dáire Foran
name: Murphy, Conor
name: Wilby, Robert L.
name: Matthews, Tom
name: Broderick, Ciaran
name: Golian, Saeed
name: Donegan, Seán
name: Harrigan, Shaun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study assesses the seasonal forecast skill of river flow persistence in 46 catchments representing a range of hydrogeological conditions across Ireland. Skill is evaluated against a climatology benchmark forecast and by examining correlations between predicted and observed flow anomalies. Forecasts perform best when initialized in drier summer months, 87% of which show greater skill relative to the benchmark at a 1-month horizon. Such skill declines as forecast horizon increases due to the longer time a catchment has to “forget” initial anomalous flow conditions and/or to be impacted by “new” events. Skill is related to physical catchment descriptors such as the baseflow index (correlation ρ = 0.86) and is greatest in permeable high-storage catchments. The distinct seasonal and spatial variations in persistence skill allow us to pinpoint when and where this method can provide a useful benchmark in the future development of more complex seasonal hydrological forecasting approaches in Ireland.
Opportunities and barriers for providing HIV testing through community health centers in mainland China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Ong, Jason J.
name: Peng, Ming Hui
name: Wong, William W.
name: Lo, Ying-Ru
name: Kidd, Michael R.
name: Roland, Martin
name: Zhu, Shan Zhu
name: Jiang, Sun Fang
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research Article
HIV and co-infections
HIV
Primary care
Community health centre
China
Testing

description: Abstract: Background: Primary care may be an avenue to increase coverage of HIV testing but it is unclear what challenges primary healthcare professionals in low- and middle-income countries face. We describe the HIV testing practices in community health centres (CHCs) and explore the staff’s attitude towards further development of HIV testing services at the primary care level in China. Methods: We conducted a national, cross-sectional survey using a stratified random sample of CHCs in 20 cities in 2015. Questionnaires were completed by primary care doctors and nurses in CHCs, and included questions regarding their demographics, clinical experience and their views on the facilitators and barriers to offering HIV testing in their CHC. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between staff who would offer HIV testing and their sociodemographic characteristics. Results: A total of 3580 staff from 158 CHCs participated. Despite the majority (81%) agreeing that HIV testing was an important part of healthcare, only 25% would provide HIV testing when requested by a patient. The majority (71%) were concerned about reimbursement, and half (47%) cited lack of training as a major barrier. Almost half (44%) believed that treating people belonging to high-risk populations would scare other patients away, and 6% openly expressed their dislike of people belonging to high-risk populations. Staff who would offer HIV testing were younger (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.97 per year increase in age, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.97–0.98); trained as a doctor compared to a nurse (aOR 1.79, 95%CI:1.46–2.15); held a bachelor degree or above (aOR 1.34, 95%CI:1.11–1.62); and had previous HIV training (aOR 1.55, 95%CI:1.27–1.89). Conclusions: Improving HIV training of CHC staff, including addressing stigmatizing attitudes, and improving financial reimbursement may help increase HIV testing coverage in China.
Wannier functions analysis of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential
Creators: name: Alfimov, G. L.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Konotop, V. V.
name: Salerno, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present Letter we use the Wannier function basis to construct lattice approximations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential. We show that the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential is equivalent to a vector lattice with long-range interactions. For the case-example of the cosine potential we study the validity of the so-called tight-binding approximation i.e., the approximation when nearest neighbor interactions are dominant. The results are relevant to Bose-Einstein condensate theory as well as to other physical systems like, for example, electromagnetic wave propagation in nonlinear photonic crystals.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Effects of yoga and mindfulness practices on the autonomous nervous system in primary school children: A non-randomised controlled study
Creators: name: Ivaki, Pune
name: Schulz, Steffen
name: Jeitler, Michael
name: Kessler, Christian S.
name: Michalsen, Andreas
name: Kandil, Farid I.
name: Nitzschke, Saskia-Marie
name: Stritter, Wiebke
name: Voss, Andreas
name: Seifert, Georg
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distress
subject: Stress reduction
subject: Children
subject: School
subject: Heart rate variability
subject: Yoga
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objectives: The present study examined the effects of a yoga and mindfulness-based programme on the autonomic nervous system of primary school children by using heart rate variability parameters. Design: A two-arm non-randomised controlled trial compared an integrated yoga and mindfulness-based programme (16 weeks) to conventional primary school lessons. Setting: Primary school classrooms and conference rooms. Interventions: Participants were allocated to a 16-week integrated yoga-based programme or conventional school lessons. A subgroup was randomised to receive 24h electrocardiogram-recordings. Main outcome measures: Heart rate variability indices were measured, both linear (time and frequency domain) and non-linear (symbolic dynamics, compression entropy), calculated from 30-minute extracts of Holterelectrocardiogram-recordings. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of intervention. Results: 40 participants (42.5% female) were included into the analysis of HRV. No significant changes in heart rate variability parameters were observed between the groups after 16 weeks. In the intervention group, a trend towards increased parasympathetic activity could be seen over time, although not significantly enhanced compared to the control group. Conclusion: Results obtained here do not clearly show that children in German primary school settings benefit from an integrated yoga-based intervention. However, exploratory post-hoc analyses point interestingly to an increased nocturnal parasympathetic activity in the intervention group. Further studies are required with highquality study designs, larger sample sizes and longer-term follow-ups.
GENDIS: GENetic DIscovery of Shapelets
Creators: name: Vandewiele, Gilles
name: Ongenae, Femke
name: De Turck, Filip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the time series classification domain, shapelets are small time series that are discriminative for a certain class. It has been shown that classifiers are able to achieve state-of-the-art results on a plethora of datasets by taking as input distances from the input time series to different discriminative shapelets. Additionally, these shapelets can easily be visualized and thus possess an interpretable characteristic, making them very appealing in critical domains, such as the health care domain, where longitudinal data is ubiquitous. In this study, a new paradigm for shapelet discovery is proposed, which is based upon evolutionary computation. The advantages of the proposed approach are that (i) it is gradient-free, which could allow to escape from local optima more easily and to find suited candidates more easily and supports non-differentiable objectives, (ii) no brute-force search is required, which drastically reduces the computational complexity by several orders of magnitude, (iii) the total amount of shapelets and length of each of these shapelets are evolved jointly with the shapelets themselves, alleviating the need to specify this beforehand, (iv) entire sets are evaluated at once as opposed to single shapelets, which results in smaller final sets with less similar shapelets that result in similar predictive performances, and (v) discovered shapelets do not need to be a subsequence of the input time series. We present the results of experiments which validate the enumerated advantages.
Mean-field approach to superdeformed high-spin states in 40Ca and neutron-rich 50S regions
Creators: name: Inakura, T.
name: Mizutori, S.
name: Yamagami, M.
name: Matsuyanagi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the use of the symmetry-unrestricted cranked SHF method in the 3D coordinate-mesh representation, a systematic search for the SD and HD rotational bands in the N=Z nuclei from 32S to 48Cr has been done, and SD and HD solutions have been found in 32S, 36Ar, 40Ca, 44Ti, and in 36Ar, 40Ca, 44Ti, 48Cr, respectively. The SD band in 40Ca is found to be extremely soft against both the axially symmetric (Y30) and asymmetric (Y31) octupole deformations. Possible presense of SD states in neutron-rich sulfur isotopes from 46S to 52S has also been investigated, and deformation properties of neutron skins both in the ground and SD states are discussed.
description: 10 pages including 9 ps figures, Talk at International Symposium on "Frontiers of Collective Motion 2002", November 6-9, 2002, Univ. of Aizu, Japan
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF STRATEGIC DECISIONS THROUGH KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN BANKING INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Abdulsalam Alromimah
name: Wail Alhakimi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Information Technology, Quality of Strategic Decisions, Knowledge Management

description: Abstract

This study aimed to examine the impact of information technology on the quality of strategic decisions through knowledge management in Yemeni banks. The study used a descriptive analytical approach, and for data collection, a questionnaire was designed for the study sample, which consisted of all senior management employees in the banks. The study sample included 385 questionnaires, and 310 valid questionnaires were retrieved for the analysis. The structural modeling and reflective modeling were used to construct the study model. The study found a high level of information technology practice, the quality of strategic decisions, and knowledge management of Yemeni banks.
Public/Private Transportation Partnerships and American Space Transportation
Creators: name: O'Neil, Patrick
name: O'Neil, Patrick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Public/private partnerships and intergovernmental interdependencies have played a critical role in the development of all transportation modes that are linked together to form the American transportation system. Transportation system development has been a slow and incremental process shaped by national security, private sector economic demands, and availability of technology, population density and geography. Whether the initial transportation mode began at the private or public level, all sustainable transportation modes evolved through shifting patterns of public/private involvement. The purpose of this paper is to use this pattern to analyze and understand how the formation of public/private relationships have contributed to American transportation development and how the absence of these historical partnerships has inhibited the evolution of American commercial space transportation. The essay provides an overview of the public and private partnerships in the formation of new transportation mode development, explains how the lack of these historical partnerships have hampered American space transportation growth and provides recommendations for space transportation policy change.