cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The topology of the directed clique complex as a network invariant
Creators: name: Masulli, Paolo
name: Villa, Alessandro E. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05C10, 55-04

description: We introduce new algebro-topological invariants of directed networks, based on the topological construction of the directed clique complex. The shape of the underlying directed graph is encoded in a way that can be studied mathematically to obtain network invariants such as the Euler characteristic and the Betti numbers. Two different cases illustrate the application of the Euler characteristic. We investigate how the evolution of a Boolean recurrent artificial neural network is influenced by its topology in a dynamics involving pruning and strengthening of the connections, and to show that the topological features of the directed clique complex influence the dynamical evolution of the network. The second application considers the directed clique complex in a broader framework, to define an invariant of directed networks, the network degree invariant, which is constructed by computing the topological invariant on a sequence of sub-networks filtered by the minimum in- or out-degree of the nodes. The application of the Euler characteristic presented here can be extended to any directed network and provides a new method for the assessment of specific functional features associated with the network topology.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. Figures and captions improved, typographical changes
title: Εσωτερικός έλεγχος και βιωσιμότητα της επιχείρησης
title: Internal audit and sustainability of the business
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Στεργίου, Δημοσθένης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Εσωτερικός έλεγχος
Internal audit
Βιωσιμότητα

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να αναδείξει τη συμβολή του Εσωτερικού Ελέγχου (Internal Audit), στη βιωσιμότητα της επιχείρησης μέσω επισκόπησης της σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας και τη διεξαγωγή έρευνας με τη χρήση ερωτηματολογίων. Στα πρώτα κεφάλαια αναφέρεται ο σκοπός της εργασίας και τίθεται το ερευνητικό ερώτημα. Επίσης γίνεται αναφορά σε ότι έχει ήδη ερευνηθεί από άλλους συγγραφείς. Στα επόμενα κεφάλαια γίνεται εμβάθυνση στο θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο του εσωτερικού ελέγχου και ανάλυση των δεδομένων, ενώ η στατιστική ανάλυση πραγματοποιείται με τη βοήθεια του στατιστικού πακέτου SPSS. Τέλος γίνεται η ανάλυση και ερμηνεία των αποτελεσμάτων.
Marginalisation, discrimination and the health of Latino immigrant day labourers in a central North Carolina community
Creators: name: Richards, Chelly
name: Taboada, Arianna
name: Villa-Torres, Laura
name: Fleming, Paul J.
name: Barrington, Clare
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The morbidity and mortality of Latino immigrants in the United States (US) stem from a complex mix of policy, culture, discrimination, and economics. Immigrants working as day labourers may be particularly vulnerable to the negative influences of these social factors due to limited access to social, financial, and legal resources. We aimed to understand how the health of male Latino day labourers in North Carolina, US is influenced by their experiences interacting with their community and perceptions of their social environment. To respond to our research questions, we conducted three focus groups (n=9, n =10, n=10) and a photovoice project (n=5) with Latino male immigrants between October 2013 and March 2014. We conducted a thematic analysis of transcripts from the discussions in the focus groups and the group of Photovoice participants. We found that men's health and well-being were primarily shaped by their experiences and feelings of discrimination and marginalization. We identified three main links between discrimination/marginalization and poor health: (1) dangerous work resulted in workplace injuries or illnesses, (2) unsteady employment caused stress, anxiety and insufficient funds for health care, and (3) exclusionary policies and treatment resulted in limited healthcare accessibility. Health promotion with Latino immigrant men in new settlement areas could benefit from community-building activities, addressing discrimination, augmenting the reach of formal health care, and building upon the informal mechanisms that immigrants rely on to meet their health needs. Reforms to immigration and labour policies are also essential to addressing these structural barriers to health for these men.
Statistical Signatures of Panspermia in Exoplanet Surveys
Creators: name: Lin, Henry W.
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental astrobiological question is whether life can be transported between extrasolar systems. We propose a new strategy to answer this question based on the principle that life which arose via spreading will exhibit more clustering than life which arose spontaneously. We develop simple statistical models of panspermia to illustrate observable consequences of these excess correlations. Future searches for biosignatures in the atmospheres of exoplanets could test these predictions: a smoking gun signature of panspermia would be the detection of large regions in the Milky Way where life saturates its environment interspersed with voids where life is very uncommon. In a favorable scenario, detection of as few as $\sim 25$ biologically active exoplanets could yield a $5σ$ detection of panspermia. Detectability of position-space correlations is possible unless the timescale for life to become observable once seeded is longer than the timescale for stars to redistribute in the Milky Way.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, revised to include stellar migration, accepted to ApJL
The Open and the Closed Corporation as Conflicting forms of Organization
Creators: name: Gebert, Diether
name: Boerner, Sabine
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: organisation
subject: open corporation
subject: closed corporation
subject: organizational change
subject: societal system

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: Organizational change is discussed in the context of a conceptual model resting on philosophical, sociological, and anthropological foundations. Distinguishing between an open and a closed form of organization, the authors focus on two theses. The first is that organizations as societal systems are marked by the simultaneous existence of two forms of organization that are mutually exclusive in part, with the resulting combinations or mixes of the two forms having the character of a compromise. The second thesis is that these combinations or mixes of open and closed organizational elements tend to be in flux, giving organizational change a partly cyclical structure. The authors’goal is to draw on these two theses to develop the theory of organizational change and elaborate the implications that this interpretation has for organizational change in daily practice.
Enhancing Spatial Orientation in Novice Pilots: Comparing Different Attitude Indicators Using Synthetic Vision Systems
Creators: name: Gross, Alice
name: Manzey, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: spatial disorientation
subject: SD
subject: indicator
subject: aviation
subject: pilot performance

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: Spatial disorientation (SD) is a common factor in aviation accidents, especially in novice pilots. An experiment was carried out to determine which of four different attitude indicator concepts in combination with two different display backgrounds (abstract vs. synthetic landscape) proves to be the most beneficial for novice pilot performance. Inexperienced pilots had to recover from unusual attitudes by using the standard moving-horizon display, a moving-aircraft display, a frequency-separated display, and a “mixed” display, with the latter two representing hybrid concepts with movements of both aircraft symbol and horizon bar. Participants performed the task of recovering from unusual attitudes most efficiently with hybrid display concepts, suggesting that these display concepts prevent figure-ground reversals and associated pilot errors. Outcomes of the study suggest that the implementation of hybrid display concepts as a backup option when unwillingly entering Instrument Flight Conditions could be a solution for preventing SD in novice pilots.
[Book Review:] James S. Roberts, Drink, Temperance and the Working Class in Nineteenth-Century Germany, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1984
Creators: name: Grüttner, Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 320 Politikwissenschaft
subject: book review
subject: working class
subject: drinking behaviour
subject: alcohol consumption
subject: Germany

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: James Roberts has produced a book that will certainly attract attention. It deals with an area of German social history which is still largely unresearched at a time when interest in the history of every-day life in Germany has greatly increased. The work will serve to shatter some of the views that have been widely held by German historians, especially the widespread notion that working-class alcohol consumption in the nineteenth century was primarily an escapist reaction to the miseries and deprivations arising out of the process of industrialization. In fact, the book consists of two main sections; and whilst the first is principally concerned with the history of the German temperance movement, the second pays closer attention to the drinking behaviour of German workers and the attitude of German Social Democracy.
Medicare modernization and diffusion of endoscopy in FFS medicare
Creators: name: Mobley, Lee R.
name: Kuo, Tzy-Mey
name: Zhou, Mei
name: Bose, Srimoyee
name: Amaral, Pedro
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Objective To examine how FFS Medicare utilization of endoscopy procedures for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening changed after implementation of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA) in 2006, which provided subsidized drug coverage and expanded the geographic availability of Medicare managed care plans across the US. Data Sources/Study Setting. Using secondary data from 100% FFS Medicare enrollees, we analyzed endoscopy utilization during two intervals, 2001-2005 and 2006-2009. Study design We examined change in predictors of county-level endoscopy utilization rates based on a conceptual model of market supply and demand with spillovers from managed care practices. The equations for each period were estimated jointly in a spatial lag regression model that properly accounts for both place and time effects, allowing robust assessment of changes over time. Data collection/Extraction methods All Medicare FFS enrollees with both Parts A and B coverage who were age 65+, remained alive and living in the same state over the interval were included in the analyses. The later interval used a new cohort defined the same as the earlier interval. 100% Medicare denominator files were also used, providing county of address to use for county-level aggregation. The outcome variable was defined as county-level proportion of enrollees who ever used endoscopy over the interval. Principal findings Endoscopy utilization by FFS Medicare increased, and became more accessible across the US. Medicare managed care plan spillovers onto FFS Medicare endoscopy utilization changed over time from a significant negative (restraining) effect in the early period to no significant effect by the later period. Conclusions The MMA eased budget constraints for seniors, making endoscopic CRC screening more affordable. The MMA policies also strengthened managed care business prospects, and enrollments in Medicare managed care escalated. The change in managed care spillover effects reflects the gradual acceptance of endoscopic CRC screening procedures, as they emerged as the gold standard during the period.
Analytical and numerical study of dirty bosons in a quasi-one-dimensional harmonic trap
Creators: name: Khellil, Tama
name: Balaz, Antun
name: Pelster, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of a Bose-glass region in a quasi one-dimensional Bose-Einstein-condensed gas in a harmonic trapping potential with an additional delta-correlated disorder potential at zero temperature is studied using three approaches. At first, the corresponding time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation is numerically solved for the condensate wave function, and disorder ensemble averages are evaluated. In particular, we analyse quantitatively the emergence of mini-condensates in the local minima of the random potential, which occurs for weak disorder preferentially at the border of the condensate, while for intermediate disorder strength this happens in the trap centre. Second, in view of a more detailed physical understanding of this phenomenon, we extend a quite recent non-perturbative approach towards the weakly interacting dirty boson problem, which relies on the Hartree-Fock theory and is worked out on the basis of the replica method, from the homogeneous case to a harmonic confinement. Finally, in the weak disorder regime we also apply the Thomas-Fermi approximation, while in the intermediate disorder regime we additionally use a variational ansatz in order to describe analytically the numerically observed redistribution of the fragmented mini-condensates with increasing disorder strength.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in New J. Phys
Empowerment in the Context of Transformational Change: A Study of Acquisitions and Privatizations in Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Gebert, Diether
name: Piske, Reiner
name: Baga, Tünde
name: Lanwehr, Ralf
name: Kearney, Eric
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 650 Management und unterstützende Tätigkeiten
subject: empowerment
subject: transformational change
subject: change management
subject: acquisitions
subject: privatizations

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: This paper examines conditions under which empowerment (decision autonomy, dialogic leadership) is connected with positive and negative effects, respectively, in regard to managing transformational change in Eastern Europe. Acquisitions by foreign investors in Poland and Russia (N = 45 companies) and privatizations through employee buy-out in Romania (N = 5 companies) are contrasted in this study. It is shown that empowerment within these two variants of transformational change is connected in different ways with success indicators of crisis management. From these findings, we deduce practical consequences for empowerment and transformational change, along with suggestions for future research.
title: Dimensions of morality
title: [Review Essay:] Lutz Wingert, Gemeinsinn und Moral: Grundzüge einer intersubjektivistischen Moralkonzeption (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1993)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Gunnarsson, Logi
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie
subject: review
subject: morality
subject: philosophy
subject: Habermas
subject: Kant

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: In "Gemeinsinn und Moral", Lutz Wingert defends a universalistic Kantian conception of morality of the kind developed by Jürgen Habermas in his discourse ethics. However, this book is neither an interpretative work on Kant and Habermas nor just an elaboration on their theories. Rather, Wingert carefully unfolds and defends his own intersubjective moral conception. The outcome is a work of interest for all moral philosophers.
Developing Theory to Guide Building Practitioners’ Capacity to Implement Evidence-Based Interventions
Creators: name: Calancie, Larissa
name: Fernandez, Maria E.
name: Leeman, Jennifer
name: Herrmann, Alison K.
name: Hartman, Marieke A.
name: Escoffery, Cam T.
name: Kegler, Michelle C.
name: Thatcher, Esther
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Public health and other community-based practitioners have access to a growing number of evidence-based interventions (EBIs), and yet EBIs continue to be underused. One reason for this underuse is that practitioners often lack the capacity (knowledge, skills, and motivation) to select, adapt, and implement EBIs. Training, technical assistance, and other capacity-building strategies can be effective at increasing EBI adoption and implementation. However, little is known about how to design capacity-building strategies or tailor them to differences in capacity required across varying EBIs and practice contexts. To address this need, we conducted a scoping study of frameworks and theories detailing variations in EBIs or practice contexts and how to tailor capacity-building to address those variations. Using an iterative process, we consolidated constructs and propositions across 24 frameworks and developed a beginning theory to describe salient variations in EBIs (complexity and uncertainty) and practice contexts (decision-making structure, general capacity to innovate, resource and values fit with EBI, and unity vs. polarization of stakeholder support). The theory also includes propositions for tailoring capacity-building strategies to address salient variations. To have wide-reaching and lasting impact, the dissemination of EBIs needs to be coupled with strategies that build practitioners’ capacity to adopt and implement a variety of EBIs across diverse practice contexts.
In situ Si isotope and chemical constraints on formation and processing of chondrules in the Allende meteorite
Creators: name: Kadlag, Yogita
name: Tatzel, Michael
name: Frick, Daniel A.
name: Becker, Harry
name: Kühne, Philipp
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chondrules
subject: Si isotopes
subject: MC-ICP-MS
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Chondrules in undifferentiated meteorites are former silicate melt droplets of variable texture and composition. Although widely studied, the chondrule formation mechanisms and conditions that explain all properties of chondrules are yet to be identified. To further constrain the processes that affected chondrules in the solar nebula and on the meteorite parent body, we determined in situ Si isotope ratios and major and trace element compositions of minerals in chondrules of variable types and sizes from the Allende CV3 chondrite. The δ30Si in chondrule minerals ranges from −1.28 ± 0.19 to 0.55 ± 0.20‰ (2SE). The δ30Si in chondrules shows no direct relationship with chondrule sizes or with distance between core and rim. Barred olivine-rich chondrules record the highest δ30Si, likely because of faster cooling and less interaction with isotopically light nebular gas. Type I non-porphyritic and some porphyritic chondrules show overall higher δ30Si compared to type II porphyritic chondrules. Furthermore, Mg-rich olivine and Mg-rich pyroxene have systematically higher δ30Si compared to Fe-rich olivine and Fe-rich pyroxene. The variable δ30Si of type I chondrule silicates (Mg-rich) compared to type II chondrule silicates (Fe-rich) may be explained by variable interaction of chondrule silicates with the nebular gas in the solar nebula. We envision a combination of equilibrium and kinetic isotope fractionation of Si between nebular gas and Fe-poor silicates (such as forsterite, anorthite, enstatite and mesostasis) and Fe-rich olivine and orthopyroxene. Petrographic evidence suggests that the enrichment of Fe in some highly altered porphyritic chondrules and at chondrule rims was likely caused by hydrothermal alteration on the parent body. Therefore, the correlation of Fe and δ30Si of the chondrule minerals might serve as an indicator for the extent of further secondary processing of some chondrule minerals. The sum of these observations suggests that the formation and alteration of type II chondrules occurred by oxidation of originally reduced, metal-rich type I chondrules, both in the solar nebula and later on the meteorite parent body. Remaining 30Si depleted gas contributed to the isotopic composition of matrix silicates. The evidence favours the formation of chondrules and matrix of the Allende meteorite in nebular settings rather than by asteroid impacts.
Spiral magnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction containing defect bonds
Creators: name: Utesov, O. I.
name: Sizanov, A. V.
name: Syromyatnikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory describing spiral magnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) subject to bond disorder at small concentration $c$ of defects. It is assumed that both DMI and exchange coupling are changed on imperfect bonds. Qualitatively the same physical picture is obtained in two models which are considered in detail: B20 cubic helimagnets and layered magnets in which DMI leads to a long-period spiral ordering perpendicular to layers. We find that the distortion of the spiral magnetic ordering around a single imperfect bond is long-range: values of additional turns of spins decay with the distance $r$ to the defect as $1/r^2$ being governed by the Poisson's equation for electric dipole. At finite concentration of randomly distributed imperfect bonds, we calculate correction to the spiral vector. We show that this correction can change the sign of spin chirality even at $c\ll1$ if defects are strong enough. It is demonstrated that impurities lead to a diffuse elastic neutron scattering which has power-law singularities at magnetic Bragg peaks positions. Then, each Bragg peak acquires power-law decaying tails. Corrections are calculated to the magnon energy and to its damping caused by scattering on impurities.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Dualities for maximal coactions
Creators: name: Kaliszewski, S.
name: Omland, Tron
name: Quigg, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L55 (Primary), 46M15 (Secondary)

description: We present a new construction of crossed-product duality for maximal coactions that uses Fischer's work on maximalizations. Given a group $G$ and a coaction $(A,δ)$ we define a generalized fixed-point algebra as a certain subalgebra of $M(A\rtimes_δ G \rtimes_{\widehatδ} G)$, and recover the coaction via this double crossed product. Our goal is to formulate this duality in a category-theoretic context, and one advantage of our construction is that it breaks down into parts that are easy to handle in this regard. We first explain this for the category of nondegenerate *-homomorphisms, and then analogously for the category of $C^*$-correspondences. Also, we outline partial results for the "outer" category, studied previously by the authors.
description: Minor revision
Using the theory of normative social behavior to understand compliance with a smoke-free law in a middle-income country
Creators: name: Cohen,
name: Byron,
name: Frattaroli,
name: Gittelsohn,
name: Jernigan,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Smoke-free laws, which ban smoking in public venues, can be effective in protecting public health, but it has been difficult to achieve compliance with these laws in low- and middle-income countries. This study was conducted to understand the social norms around public smoking and learn how to improve compliance in Bogor, the first Indonesian city to pass a comprehensive smoke-free law. Eleven stratified focus groups were conducted (n = 89). Data were analyzed using the theory of normative social behavior, which posits that the influence of descriptive norms (perceptions about what other people do) on behavior is moderated by injunctive norms (perceptions about what one is expected to do), outcome expectations and group identity. The findings showed that participants perceived smoking in public to be common for men (descriptive norm). Public smoking is acceptable except in places with air conditioning and around children or pregnant women (injunctive norms). Men smoke without penalty
Piezo-Polymer-Composite Unimorph Actuators for Active Cancellation of Flow Instabilities Across Airfoils
Creators: name: Haller, Daniel
name: Pätzold, A.
name: Losse, N.
name: Neiss, S.
name: Peltzer, Inken
name: Nitsche, W.
name: King, Rudibert
name: Woias, P.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: 670 Industrielle Fertigung
subject: actuator
subject: piezoelectric
subject: polymers
subject: unimorph
subject: harmonic distortions
subject: active transition control
subject: TS waves
subject: non-linear piezoeffects
subject: electrostriction
subject: elastostriction

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: This article presents a smart device for active cancellation of flow instabilities. An array of two piezo unimorph actuators fabricated in piezo-polymer-composite technology is combined with a thin silicone membrane to mimic a movable wall with a closed surface. By locally displacing the thin membrane, a surface wave is generated that interferes with naturally occurring flow instabilities within the boundary layer of an airfoil. Using flow sensors and an intelligent control enables a destructive interference and therefore, an attenuation of natural flow instabilities. This leads to a delay of transition. The boundary layer remains laminar which means drag is reduced. Within the next pages, the setup of the device with actuators, membrane, sensors, and control is introduced. The main focus of this article is on actuator design, modeling, and implementation for wind tunnel experiments. Results of actuator characterization are presented. The non-linear behavior of the piezoactuator (harmonic distortions and impact of high electric fields) is investigated in detail. This study concludes with the results obtained in wind tunnel experiments which prove the functionality of the presented approach. A maximal attenuation of natural occurring flow instabilities of 80% is achieved.
Conflicting health information: a critical research need
Creators: name: Han, Paul K. J.
name: Nagler, Rebekah H.
name: Carpenter, Delesha M.
name: Chen, Annie T.
name: Geryk, Lorie L.
name: Dieckmann, Nathan F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Conflicting health information is increasing in amount and visibility, as evidenced most recently by the controversy surrounding the risks and benefits of childhood vaccinations. The mechanisms through which conflicting information affects individuals are poorly understood; thus, we are unprepared to help people process conflicting information when making important health decisions. In this viewpoint article, we describe this problem, summarize insights from the existing literature on the prevalence and effects of conflicting health information, and identify important knowledge gaps. We propose a working definition of conflicting health information and describe a conceptual typology to guide future research in this area. The typology classifies conflicting information according to four fundamental dimensions: the substantive issue under conflict, the number of conflicting sources (multiplicity), the degree of evidence heterogeneity and the degree of temporal inconsistency.
European freight vehicle running gear: Today's position and future demands
Creators: name: Hecht, Markus
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: running gear
subject: freight vehicles
subject: bogies
subject: railway brakes
subject: bogie design
subject: railway noise
subject: diagnostic systems
subject: brake blocks

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: The running gear of most of the rail freight vehicles in operation today tends to be built to very old designs. The running gear for new freight rolling stock and, in particular, new types of bogie must have significantly improved performance if they are to satisfy the demands of all the stakeholders associated with the railways. Improved performance in this context means reduced inspection time and brake manipulation time in marshalling yards, lower weight, lower noise emissions and lower lateral track forces. All this can be achieved by new designs of bogie running gear, at little extra first cost and at lower whole life cost.
Wear and energy-saving freight bogie designs with rubber primary springs: principles and experiences
Creators: name: Hecht, Markus
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: bogie
subject: life cycle costs
subject: wear
subject: friction damping
subject: hydraulic damping
subject: radial steering
subject: rail freight noise

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: The traditional radial steering bogie with swing hanger links is known to be track-friendly but heavy, and expensive in investment and maintenance costs. Whereas the actual bogies with longitudinal stiff axle guidance such as Y25 cause severe wear on wheels and rails in curves, and also develop high running resistance in curves. Bogies with rubbers springs like double rubber ring spring (DRRS), Leicht und LaermArm (LEILA) low weight and low noise, and Gigabox are a new feature with good behaviour in curves and on straight tracks. Good experience over many years with DRRS and 35 t axle load on the German Rheinisch Westfaelische Elektrizitaetswerke (RWE) coal line prove its benefits. For the new designs, LEILA and Gigabox, which are being introduced into the market now, even higher benefits can be demonstrated. The principle design features and the benefits regarding lateral track forces, wear, and traction resistance are evident. Also noise behaviour is an increasing demand for freight operation.
A one-step reconstruction algorithm for quantitative photoacoustic imaging
Creators: name: Ding, Tian
name: Ren, Kui
name: Vallelian, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quantitative photoacoustic tomography (QPAT) is a recent hybrid imaging modality that couples optical tomography with ultrasound imaging to achieve high resolution imaging of optical properties of scattering media. Image reconstruction in QPAT is usually a two-step process. In the first step, the initial pressure field inside the medium, generated by the photoacoustic effect, is reconstructed using measured acoustic data. In the second step, this initial ultrasound pressure field datum is used to reconstruct optical properties of the medium. We propose in this work a one-step inversion algorithm for image reconstruction in QPAT that reconstructs the optical absorption coefficient directly from measured acoustic data. The algorithm can be used to recover simultaneously the absorption coefficient and the ultrasound speed of the medium from \emph{multiple} acoustic data sets, with appropriate \emph{a priori} bounds on the unknowns. We demonstrate, through numerical simulations based on synthetic data, the feasibility of the proposed reconstruction method.
Self-Supervising Occlusions For Vision
Creators: name: Narapureddy, Dinesh
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Virtually every scene has occlusions. Even a scene with a single object exhibits self-occlusions - a camera can only view one side of an object (left or right, front or back), or part of the object is outside the field of view. More complex occlusions occur when one or more objects block part(s) of another object. Understanding and dealing with occlusions is hard due to the large variation in the type, number, and extent of occlusions possible in scenes. Even humans cannot accurately segment or predict the contour or shape of the occluded region when the object is occluded. Current large human-annotated datasets cannot capture such a wide range of occlusions. In this thesis, we propose learning amodal .i.e both visible and occluded regions of objects in a self-supervised fashion in densely populated scenes. Occlusions in a scene can be broadly categorized into either self-occlusion, occludedby-others, and/or truncation. For learning in self-occluded regions, We use multiview priors in a bootstrapping framework to infer the content of occluded regions of the image. We show that such supervision helps the network learn better image representations even with large occlusions. We extend this using temporal cues from a stationary camera to learn accurate 3D shapes of self-occluded objects. For Occlusion by others, we explored using longitudinal data i.e. videos captured over weeks, months, or even years to supervise occluded regions in an object. We exploit this real data in a novel way to first automatically mine a large set of unoccluded objects and then composite them in the same views to generate occlusion scenarios. This self-supervision is strong enough for an amodal network to learn the occlusions in real-world images. Finally, We show two methodologies for learning different types of occlusions. First, We combine the previous two paradigms of learning Self-Occluded and Occlusion by others for predicting the 3D amodal reconstruction of objects. Here, we show by learning and exploiting different occlusion categories like Self-occluded, and occluded by others and truncation can enhance the accuracy of the reconstruction. On the other hand, we show learning of 3D reconstruction and tracking of objects in an end-to-end learning framework using multi-view video input. We will discuss and analyze the pros and cons of the different approaches and representations for the amodal representation of objects.
Exploring consumer opinions on the presentation of side-effects information in Australian Consumer Medicine Information leaflets
Creators: name: Raynor, David K.
name: Tong, Vivien
name: Blalock, Susan J.
name: Aslani, Parisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) is a brand-specific and standardized source of written medicine information available in Australia for all prescription medicines. Side-effect information is poorly presented in CMI and may not adequately address consumer information needs.

OBJECTIVE: To explore consumer opinions on (i) the presentation of side-effect information in existing Australian CMI leaflets and alternative study-designed CMIs and (ii) side-effect risk information and its impact on treatment decision making.

DESIGN: Fuzzy trace, affect heuristic, frequency hypothesis and cognitive-experiential theories were applied when revising existing CMI side-effects sections. Together with good information design, functional linguistics and medicine information expertise, alternative ramipril and clopidogrel CMI versions were proposed. Focus groups were then conducted to address the study objectives.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Three focus groups (n = 18) were conducted in Sydney, Australia. Mean consumer age was 58 years (range 50-65 years), with equal number of males and females.

RESULTS: All consumers preferred the alternative CMIs developed as part of the study, with unequivocal preference for the side-effects presented in a simple tabular format, as it allowed quick and easy access to information. Consumer misunderstandings reflected literacy and numeracy issues inherent in consumer risk appraisal. Many preferred no numerical information and a large proportion preferred natural frequencies.

CONCLUSIONS: One single method of risk presentation in CMI is unable to cater for all consumers. Consumer misunderstandings are indicative of possible health literacy and numeracy factors that influence consumer risk appraisal, which should be explored further.
Establishing the Middle Sea: The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC)
Creators: name: Iacono, Francesco
name: Borgna, Elisabetta
name: Cattani, Maurizio
name: Cavazzuti, Claudio
name: Dawson, Helen
name: Galanakis, Yannis
name: Gori, Maja
name: Iaia, Cristiano
name: Ialongo, Nicola
name: Lachenal, Thibault
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Late Bronze Age
subject: Mediterranean
subject: Networks
subject: Society
subject: Mobility
subject: Collapse
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: The Late Bronze Age (1700–900 BC) represents an extremely dynamic period for Mediterranean Europe. Here, we provide a comparative survey of the archaeological record of over half a millennium within the entire northern littoral of the Mediterranean, from Greece to Iberia, incorporating archaeological, archaeometric, and bioarchaeological evidence. The picture that emerges, while certainly fragmented and not displaying a unique trajectory, reveals a number of broad trends in aspects as different as social organization, trade, transcultural phenomena, and human mobility. The contribution of such trends to the processes that caused the end of the Bronze Age is also examined. Taken together, they illustrate how networks of interaction, ranging from the short to the long range, became a defining aspect of the “Middle Sea” during this time, influencing the lives of the communities that inhabited its northern shore. They also highlight the importance of research that crosses modern boundaries for gaining a better understanding of broad comparable dynamics.
Probing the Outskirts of the Early Stage Galaxy Cluster Merger A1750
Creators: name: Bulbul, Esra
name: Randall, Scott W.
name: Bayliss, Matthew
name: Miller, Eric
name: Andrade-Santos, Felipe
name: Johnson, Ryan
name: Bautz, Mark
name: Blanton, Elizabeth L.
name: Forman, William R.
name: Jones, Christine
name: Paterno-Mahler, Rachel
name: Murray, Stephen S.
name: Sarazin, Craig L.
name: Smith, Randall K.
name: Ezer, Cemile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from recent Suzaku and Chandra X-ray, and MMT optical observations of the strongly merging "double cluster" A1750 out to its virial radius, both along and perpendicular to a putative large-scale structure filament. Some previous studies of individual clusters have found evidence for ICM entropy profiles that flatten at large cluster radii, as compared with the self-similar prediction based on purely gravitational models of hierarchical cluster formation, and gas fractions that rise above the mean cosmic value. Weakening accretion shocks and the presence of unresolved cool gas clumps, both of which are expected to correlate with large scale structure filaments, have been invoked to explain these results. In the outskirts of A1750, we find entropy profiles that are consistent with self-similar expectations, and gas fractions that are consistent with the mean cosmic value, both along and perpendicular to the putative large scale filament. Thus, we find no evidence for gas clumping in the outskirts of A1750, in either direction. This may indicate that gas clumping is less common in lower temperature (kT~4keV), less massive systems, consistent with some (but not all) previous studies of low mass clusters and groups. Cluster mass may therefore play a more important role in gas clumping than dynamical state. Finally, we find evidence for diffuse, cool (<1 keV) gas at large cluster radii (R200) along the filament, which is consistent with the expected properties of the denser, hotter phase of the WHIM.
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN UNDER ONE-YEAR-OLD_SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL.docx
Creators: name: Roberto, Lidiane Cristina da Silva
name: DOMINGUES, ALINE NATALIA
name: Fonseca, Luciana Mara Monti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nursing not elsewhere classified

description: E The purpose of this scoping review is to map and explore the breadth of literature through emerging evidence on available materials for managing and preventing airway obstruction in children under one year of age.
Involving Latina/o parents in patient-centered outcomes research: Contributions to research study design, implementation and outcomes
Creators: name: Garcia, San Juanita
name: Thomas, Kathleen C.
name: Martinez, Maria
name: Stein, Gabriela L.
name: Pérez Jolles, Mónica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND: Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is supported by policymakers as a way to provide service providers and patients with evidence-based information to make better health-care decisions and ultimately improve services for patients. However, Latina/o patients are rarely involved as study advisors, and there is a lack of documentation on how their voices contribute to the research process when they are included as collaborators.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article was to contribute to the literature by presenting concrete contributions of Latina/o parent involvement to study design, implementation and outcomes in the context of a CER study called Padres Efectivos (Parent Activation).

METHODS: Researchers facilitated a collaborative relationship with parents by establishing a mentor parent group. The contributions of parent involvement in the following stages of the research process are described: (i) proposal development, (ii) implementation of protocols, (iii) analysis plan and (iv) dissemination of results.

RESULTS: Mentor parents' contributions helped tailor the content of the intervention to their needs during proposal, increased recruitment, validated the main outcome measure and added two important outcome measures, emphasized the importance of controlling for novice treatment status and developed innovative dissemination strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: Mentor parents' guidance to the researchers has contributed to reaching recruitment goals, strengthened the study protocol, expanded findings, supported broad ownership of study implications and enriched the overall study data collection efforts. These findings can inform future research efforts seeking an active Latino parent collaboration and the timely incorporation of parent voices in each phase of the research process.
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN UNDER ONE-YEAR-OLD_SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL.docx
Creators: name: DOMINGUES, ALINE NATALIA
name: Roberto, Lidiane Cristina da Silva
name: Fonseca, Luciana Mara Monti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nursing not elsewhere classified

description: E The purpose of this scoping review is to map and explore the breadth of literature through emerging evidence on available materials for managing and preventing airway obstruction in children under one year of age.
Scalar instabilities in bimetric gravity: The Vainshtein mechanism and structure formation
Creators: name: Mortsell, Edvard
name: Enander, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the observational consequences of scalar instabilities in bimetric theory, under the assumption that the Vainshtein mechanism restores general relativity within a certain distance from gravitational sources. We argue that early time instabilities have a negligible impact on observed structures. Assuming that the instabilities affect sub-horizon density fluctuations, we constrain the redshift, z_i, below which instabilities are ruled out. For the "minimal" beta_1-model, observational constraints are close to the theoretical expectations of z_i = 0.5, potentially allowing the model to be ruled in or out with a more detailed study, possibly including secondary cosmic microwave background constraints.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. v2: updated references