Chiroderma salvini Dobson 1878
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Phyllostomidae
Chiroderma
Chiroderma salvini

description: 145. Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat <i>Chiroderma salvini</i> <b>French:</b> Chiroderme de Salvin / <b>German:</b> Salvin-Grof3augenfledermaus / <b>Spanish:</b> Quirodermo de Salvin <b>Other common names:</b> Dwarf Big-eyed Bat (scopaeum) <b>Taxonomy.</b> Chiroderma salvini Dobson, 1878, Costa Rica. Two subspecies are recognized. <b>Subspecies and Distribution.</b> C.s.salviniDobson,1878—fromEMexico(SVeracruz)SthroughCentralAmericatoNW&amp;WSouthAmerica,includingN&amp;WVenezuela,N&amp;WColombia,Ecuador,NW&amp;EPeru,NE&amp;WBrazil(Tocantins,Rondo6nia,andMatoGrosso),andBolivia.Brazilianrecordsaredubious,theycouldrepresenttheHairyBig-eyedBat(Chirodermavillosum). C. s. scopaeum Handley, 1966 — W Mexico (from S Chihuahua S to Oaxaca). Records from Guatemala correspond to subspecies salvina. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 66-89 mm (tailless), ear 17-20 mm, hindfoot 12-15 mm, forearm 48-53 mm; weight 25-5—-41 g for nominate salvini; head—body 65-80 mm (tailless), forearm 43-47 mm; weight 19-28 g for scopaeum. Dorsal fur of Salvin’s Big-eyed Batis grayish. Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with dark brown basal bands, buff middles, and light or dark brown distal bands. Prominent white median dorsal stripe extends from interscapular region to rump. Head has prominent supraocular and subocular stripes formed by white hairs. Ears have yellowish bases and are brownish on distal one-half. Tragus is ¢.33% of ear length and yellowish. Noseleaf is simple, unnotched at tip, brown, and yellowish on lateral part of horseshoe. Underparts are grayish. Wing membranes are blackish except for translucent area between second and third fingers. Uropatagium is hairy and well developed, with notch near level of knees. Proximal two-thirds of forearm is hairy. Tail is absent. Skull has deep notch on nasal region, reaching anteriormost part of interorbital region. Postorbital processes are prominent. Palate is relatively broad and straight at end, without median postpalatal process. Sagittal crest is well developed. I' are in contact at tips. Mandible has prominent angular and coronoid processes. P, is small, and crown is ¢.33% the height of P, but with well-defined main cusp. M, is massive, longer than M, and with five conspicuous cusps. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 48, with nine pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and three pairs of subtelocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is submetacentric. <b>Habitat.</b> Moist forests (nominal subspecies captured at elevations of 611-2240 m in northern and western Venezuela, 450-1920 m in Peru, and 590 m and 1460 m in Panama) and deciduous dry forests and cultivation areas (“Dwarf Big-eyed Bat,” C. s. scopaeum from near sea level up to 1722 m). <b>Food and Feeding.</b> Nominal subspecies consumes Ficus insipida and Poulsenia armata (Moraceae) in Colombia. Pollen of Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae) was found on Salvin’s Big-eyed Bats in Veracruz (Mexico). Dwarf Big-eyed Bats visited flowers of Pachycereus weber: (Cactaceae), but they were not covered in pollen. <b>Breeding.</b> In Peru, pregnant Salvin’s Big-eyed Bats were captured in September—-October. In northern Venezuela, pregnancies were recorded in July-August. In Central America (Guatemala and Panama) and on Pacific coast of Colombia, pregnant females were recorded in January-June. One young is born per pregnancy. <b>Activity patterns.</b> In Darien gold mines in Panama, a Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat was caught while flying through a lit corridor. In Venezuela, a specimen was captured by hand inside a house. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Salvin’s Big-eyed Bat has a wide distribution and occurs in protected areas, but nominal subspecies is associated with mountainous areas and degradation of this type of habitat might affect its populations. <b>Bibliography.</b> Aimazéan-Catalan et al. (2009), Dobson (1878), Gardner (2008b), Goldman (1920), Handley (1966b, 1966¢, 1976), Herndndez-Montero &amp; Sosa (2016), Maas et al. (2018), Moreno-Mosquera (2011), Pacheco et al. (2007), Reid &amp; Langtimm (1993), Rocha et al. (2016), Solari et al. (2006), Valiente-Banuet et al. (1997), Zarazua-Carbajal et al. (2017).
description: Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, pp. 444-583 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 553-554, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6458594