cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jamming under tension in polymer crazes
Creators: name: Rottler, Jörg
name: Robbins, Mark O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study a unique expanded jammed state. Tension transforms many glassy polymers from a dense glass to a network of fibrils and voids called a craze. Entanglements between polymers and interchain friction jam the system after a fixed increase in volume. As in dense jammed systems, the distribution of forces is exponential, but they are tensile rather than compressive. The broad distribution of forces has important implications for fibril breakdown and the ultimate strength of crazes.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Time machines and the Principle of Self-Consistency as a consequence of the Principle of Stationary Action (II): the Cauchy problem for a self-interacting relativistic particle
Creators: name: Carlini, A.
name: Novikov, I. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the action principle to derive the classical, relativistic motion of a self-interacting particle in a 4-D Lorentzian spacetime containing a wormhole and which allows the existence of closed time-like curves. In particular, we study the case of a pointlike particle subject to a `hard-sphere' self-interaction potential and which can traverse the wormhole an arbitrary number of times, and show that the only possible trajectories for which the classical action is stationary are those which are globally self-consistent. Generically, the multiplicity of these trajectories (defined as the number of self-consistent solutions to the equations of motion beginning with given Cauchy data) is finite, and it becomes infinite if certain constraints on the same initial data are satisfied. This confirms the previous conclusions (for a non-relativistic model) by Echeverria, Klinkhammer and Thorne that the Cauchy initial value problem in the presence of a wormhole `time machine' is classically `ill-posed' (far too many solutions). Our results further extend the recent claim by Novikov et al. that the `Principle of self-consistency' is a natural consequence of the `Principle of minimal action.'
description: 39 pages, latex file
Duality Invariance of Black Hole Creation Rates
Creators: name: Brown, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pair creation of electrically charged black holes and its dual process, pair creation of magnetically charged black holes, are considered. It is shown that the creation rates are equal provided the boundary conditions for the two processes are dual to one another. This conclusion follows from a careful analysis of boundary terms and boundary conditions for the Maxwell action.
description: 8 pages, REVTEX
Weak Matching Points with Triangles
Creators: name: Panahi, Fatemeh
name: Mohades, Ali
name: Davoodi, Mansoor
name: Eskandari, Marzieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Applied Computer Science
Theoretical Computer Science

description: In this paper, we study the weak point matching prob- lem for a given set of n points and a class of equilateral triangles. The problem is to find the maximum car- dinality matching of the points using equilateral trian- gles such that each triangle contains exactly two points and each point lies at most in one triangle. Under the non-degeneracy assumption, we present an O(n3/2) time algorithm using the TD-Delaunay graph and a graph matching algorithm. Also, we show that the lower bound for the number of matched points is b2n/3c which is optimal in the worst case.
Faro Mine Complex revegetation activities
Creators: name: Carter, L.
name: Tobler, P.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: In preparation for remediation and closure of the Faro Mine Complex (FMC) in central Yukon, significant work has been completed to develop and test revegetation methods at the mine site. Design and implementation of various revegetation field trials and strategies has been proceeding since 2007. This paper focuses on revegetation efforts and subsequent monitoring at two FMC sites: the Grum Overburden slope and Grum Sulphide Cell (GSC). Grum Overburden slope revegetation trials cover an area of approximately two hectares with surficial soil characterization similar to material to be used as a reclamation cover for the entire FMC. Different grass seed mixes were applied with and without fertilizer, and woody species (alder, willow, and poplar) were planted in the seeded plots. Five years of monitoring has demonstrated that revegetation success primarily depended on fertilization, while site preparation method heavily influenced erosion protection. Revegetation and site preparation at the 26 ha GSC was intended to provide ground cover for erosion protection and facilitate development of a long-term, self-sustaining ecological system integrated with the mine surroundings. Building on results from the Grum Overburden site, the 2012 revegetation prescriptions included hydroseeding, fertilization, planting of woody species, and testing of fertilization and hydration teabag-like packs. Results from the 2013 and 2014 monitoring programs provided preliminary insight on the success of the revegetation works at the GSC site. Collectively, these sites signify many of the reclamation challenges faced by development projects across northern Canada, including a short growing season, harsh climate, and nutrient poor soils. The need to address multiple objectives across various time scales provides many research opportunities.
title: Gehöfttyp, Stallanlagenform und -ausgestaltung, Aufstallungsweise und Substratlagerstätten in der Sicht der Dipterologen
Creators: name: Kühlhorn, Friedrich
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 57

description: Eine Reihe im Bereich des Menschen und seiner Nutztiere lebender heimischer Dipterenarten sind nachgewiesenermaßen oder sehr wahrscheinlich Krankheitsüberträger oder Lästlinge. Das Vorkommen dieser Arten in diesem Bereich kann durch die Siedlungsform, die Anlageweise der Gehöfte und der Substratlagerstätten sowie durch die Lage, Anlageart und Innenausstattung der Räume im Zusammenhang mit gewissen Leitreizen (Viehfaktor, Substrate verschiedener Art usw.) begünstigt werden und die Möglichkeit zum Massenauftreten solcher Arten geben. Alle diese Verhältnisse und Umstände werden hinsichtlich ihrer Bedeutung für eine Begünstigung oder eine Behinderung des Vorkommens solcher Dipterenarten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß es durch entsprechende Baukörperanordnung und bauliche Gestaltung der Stallräume sowie durch die Herausverlagerung der Substratlagerplätze aus dem Gehöftbereich möglich ist, das Dipterenvorkommen in solchen Bereichen ohne besondere, regelmäßig wiederholte Maßnahmen automatisch zu beschränken. An Beispielen werden hierfür in Betracht kommende Möglichkeiten beschrieben.
Additional file 1: of Early initiation of home-based sensori-motor training improves muscle strength, activation and size in patients after knee replacement: a secondary analysis of a controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Moutzouri, Maria
name: Coutts, Fiona
name: Gliatis, John
name: Billis, Evdokia
name: Tsepis, Elias
name: Gleeson, Nigel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Appendix 1. Comparison of exercise training programmes undertaken by the sensori-motor exercise training group (experimental) with the functional exercise training group (control). (DOCX 16 kb)
Constructing special Lagrangian m-folds in C^m by evolving quadrics
Creators: name: Joyce, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is the second in a series of papers constructing explicit examples of special Lagrangian submanifolds in C^m. The first paper was math.DG/0008021, which studied special Lagrangian m-folds with large symmetry groups. The third is math.DG/0010036, which uses ideas from this paper to construct families of special Lagrangian 3-folds in C^3. This paper describes a construction of special Lagrangian m-folds in C^m which are fibred by (m-1)-submanifolds which are quadrics in Lagrangian planes R^m in C^m. Generically they have only discrete symmetry groups. Some of our examples have been previously constructed by Lawlor and Harvey, using different methods. The principal motivation for these papers is to lay the foundations for the study of singularities of compact special Lagrangian m-folds in Calabi-Yau m-folds. Understanding such singularities will be important in resolving the SYZ conjecture on Mirror Symmetry of Calabi-Yau 3-folds. The special Lagrangian m-folds in C^m we construct here include many cones on S^a x S^b x S^1 for a+b=m-2, which are local models for singularities of special Lagrangian m-folds in Calabi-Yau m-folds.
description: 39 pages, LaTeX; (v3) references revised, 6.2 rewritten
Probing Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via Strain-Tuned and Polarization-Resolved Optical Spectroscopy
Creators: Aslan, Ozgur Burak
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Physics
Optics
Condensed matter
Optical spectroscopy

description: The strong light-matter interaction in the atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has allowed the use of optical spectroscopy to investigate these materials in great depth. It has been shown that optoelectronic properties of ultrathin TMDCs are remarkably different from their bulk counterparts. Among them, this dissertation focuses on ultrathin MoTe2 (molybdenum ditelluride) and ReS2 (rhenium disulfide).
      We first introduce the fundamental properties of the two material systems, MoTe2 and ReS2, investigated in this dissertation. Specific experimental methods for optical spectroscopy of 2D materials, 2D sample preparation, and related optics calculations are presented.
      Absorption and photoluminescence measurements are applied to demonstrate that semiconducting MoTe2, an indirect band gap bulk material, acquires a direct band gap in the monolayer limit. Furthermore, strain-tuned optical spectroscopy on MoTe2 shows that tensile strain can significantly redshift its optical gap and partially suppress the intervalley exciton-phonon scattering. This suppression results in a narrowing of the near-band excitonic transitions. We also discuss the effect of strain on the transport properties of MoTe2 due to this reduction in scattering.
      We investigate monolayer ReS2 as a TMDC system exhibiting strong in-plane anisotropy. These properties are explored by polarization-resolved spectroscopy. We show how the accessible optical properties vary with optical polarization. We find that the near-band excitons in ultrathin ReS2, absorb and emit light along specific polarizations. We also show that purely non-contact, optical techniques can determine the crystallographic orientation of ReS2.
Thermal Fluctuations, Subcritical Bifurcation, and Nucleation of Localized States in Electroconvection
Creators: name: Bisang, Urs
name: Ahlers, Guenter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the mean-square amplitude of thermally-induced fluctuations of a thin layer of the nematic liquid crystal I52 subjected to a voltage V < Vc are reported. They yield the limit of stability Vc of the spatially uniform conduction state to infinitesimal perturbations. Localized long-lived convecting structures known as worms form spontaneously from the fluctuations for V well below Vc. This, as well as measurements of the lifetime of the conduction state for V < Vc, suggests a thermally-activated mechanism of worm formation; but a theory for this non-potential system is lacking.
description: 14 pages, RevTex, 5 eps figures included
Probing Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers and Heterostructures by Optical Spectroscopy and Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy
Creators: Hill, Heather Marie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Monomolecular films
Nanostructured materials
Heterostructures
Transition metals
Physics

description: Atomically thin two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), exhibit remarkable and desirable optical and electronic properties. This dissertation focuses on the excitonic properties of monolayer TMDCs taken first in isolation and then in contact with another material. We begin with a study of the exciton binding energy in two monolayer TMDCs, WS₂ and MoS₂. We observe excited states of the exciton by two different optical spectroscopy techniques: reflectance contrast and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. We fit a hydrogenic model to the energies associated with the excited states and infer a binding energy, which is an order of magnitude higher than the bulk material. In the second half of this work, we study two types of two-dimensional vertical heterostructures. First, we investigate heterostructures composed of monolayer WS₂ partially capped with graphene one to four layers thick. Using reflectance contrast to measure the spectral broadening of the excitonic features, we measure the decrease in the coherence lifetime of the exciton in WS₂ due to charge and energy transfer when in contact with graphene. We then compare our results with the exciton lifetime in MoS₂/WS₂ and MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterostructures. In TMDC/TMDC heterostructures, the decrease in exciton lifetime is twice that in WS₂/graphene heterostructures and due predominantly to charge transfer between the layers. Finally, we probe the band alignment in MoS₂/WS₂ heterostructures using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS).We confirm the monolayer band gaps and the predicted type II band alignment in the heterostructure. Drawing from all the research presented, we arrive at a favorable conclusion about the viability of TMDC based devices.
Additional file 2: of The kinase inhibitor SI113 induces autophagy and synergizes with quinacrine in hindering the growth of human glioblastoma multiforme cells
Creators: name: Matteoni, Silvia
name: Abbruzzese, Claudia
name: Matarrese, Paola
name: Luca, Gabriele De
name: Mileo, Anna
name: Miccadei, Stefania
name: Schenone, Silvia
name: Musumeci, Francesca
name: Haas, Tobias
name: Sette, Giovanni
name: Carapella, Carmine
name: Amato, Rosario
name: Perrotti, Nicola
name: Signore, Michele
name: Paggi, Marco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S1. Additional RPPA endpoints. (PDF 89474 kb)
Probing Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers and Heterostructures by Polarization-Resolved Spectroscopy
Creators: Kim, Suk Hyun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Physics
Materials
Monomolecular films
Spintronics

description: The goal of this dissertation is to introduce my study on exotic materials in two dimensional world, not only to the well-trained researchers in this field but also to the beginners of condensed matter experiment. I hope this material to be a good guide for those of who paves the way of spintronics and valleytronics
      The first chapter will give you the introduction to two dimensional materials - Graphene and Monolayer Transition Metal DiChalcogenide (TMDC). The second chapter introduces some toolkits on optical techniques on condensed matter experiment, from very basics for everyone to the advanced for main projects of this work. They include Reflection Contrast, Raman Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence, and Pump Probe Spectroscopy. Chapter three will be review on several literature which are prerequisites for understanding and getting inspiration for this work. They are on the spin-valley indexes of carriers in TMDC, interlayer charge transfer in TMDC heterostructre, valley Hall effect, etc.
      Chapter four will focus on the first half of main project, “Charge and Spin-Valley Transfer in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructure”. Starting from the fabrication of heterostructure samples for our playground, we investigate the Interlayer Charge Transfer in our Heterostructure sample by ultrafast pump probe spectroscopy. We bring the polarization resolved version of the technique to study the Spin-Valley indexes conservation in the interlayer transferred charge, and analyze its physical meaning. We study which one is the dominantly preserved quantity among spin and valley by using the broadband pump probe spectroscopy which covers A and B excitonic energy in TMDC material. As all the measurement here are taken under room temperature condition, this work paves the way for possible real device application.
      Chapter five will cover the second half of main project, “Electrical control of spin and valley Hall effect in monolayer WSe2 transistors near room temperature”. Valley Hall effect device in praevious studies will be briefly revisited, and our new device is presented, using hole as carrier rather than electron for the robustness of valley index conservation, followed by optical experiment setting and results. Quantitative analyze on valley polarized carrier concentration and its depolarization time constant will follow. Chapter six will be a summary and direction to the future work.
Magneto-optic Response of the Metallic Antiferromagnet Fe$_{2}$As to Ultrafast Temperature Excursions
Creators: name: Yang, Kexin
name: Kang, Kisung
name: Diao, Zhu
name: Ramanathan, Arun
name: Karigerasi, Manohar H.
name: Shoemaker, Daniel P.
name: Schleife, André
name: Cahill, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) is often used to probe magnetism of ferromagnetic materials, but MOKE cannot be applied to collinear antiferromagnets (AFs) due to the cancellation of sub-lattice magnetization. Magneto-optical constants that are quadratic in magnetization, however, provide an approach for studying AFs on picosecond time scales. Here, we combine transient measurements of optical reflectivity and birefringence to study the linear optical response of Fe$_{2}$As to small ultrafast temperature excursions. We performed temperature dependent pump-probe measurements on crystallographically isotropic (001) and anisotropic (010) faces of Fe$_{2}$As bulk crystals. We find the largest optical signals arise from changes in the index of refraction along the $z$-axis, i.e. perpendicular to the Néel vector. Both real and imaginary parts of the time-resolved optical birefringence rotation signal approximately follow the temperature dependence of the magnetic heat capacity, as expected if the changes in dielectric constants are dominated by contributions of exchange interactions to the dielectric constant. We conclude that under our experimental conditions, changes in the exchange interaction contribute more strongly to the temperature dependence of the magneto-optic constants than the Voigt effect.
title: Die Lösungen der Blasiusschen Grenzschichtdifferentialgleichung
Creators: name: Steinheuer, J.
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 50

description: Die Blasiussche Grenzschichtdifferentialgleichung f''' + ff'' = 0 für die dimensionslose Stromfunktion f ([eta]) wird systematisch auf ihre Lösungen hin untersucht. Unter Ausnutzung bekannter mathematischer Eigenschaften dieser Differentialgleichung und ihrer Lösungen und unter Verwendung gewisser Transformationen der Differentialgleichung gelingt es, eine Übersicht über alle reellen Lösungen zu gewinnen. Die Lösungen können in drei Lösungstypen unterteilt werden, die sich durch ihr asymptotisches Verhalten für [eta] < 0 unterscheiden: 1. der Lösungstyp I umfaßt alle Lösungen, für die eine Singularität auftritt; 2. Lösungen des Typs II besitzen die asymptotische Form f = konst. für [eta] -> - [unendlich]; 3. Lösungen des Typs III sind durch die asymptotische Form f = [alpha] + [beta][eta] für [eta] -> - [unendlich] gekennzeichnet. Die Lösungen des Typs I bilden in der f' - f-Ebene eine Enveloppe, deren Verlauf berechnet wird. - Die Lösungen werden hinsichtlich ihrer physikalischen Interpretierbarkeit diskutiert.
Charge transfer counting statistics revisited
Creators: name: Shelankov, A.
name: Rammer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge transfer statistics of quantum particles is obtained by analysing the time evolution of the many-body wave function. Exploiting properly chosen gauge transformations, we construct the probabilities for transfers of a discrete number of particles. Generally, the derived formula for counting statistics differs from the one previously obtained by Levitov {\it et al.} (J. of Math. Phys. {\bf 37}, 4845 (1996)). The two formulae agree only if the initial state is prohibited from being a superposition of different charge states. Their difference is illustrated for cases of a single particle and a tunnel junction, and the role of charge coherence is demonstrated.
description: Minor changes, as published (7 pages, LaTeX, epl-style)
Additional file 1: of The kinase inhibitor SI113 induces autophagy and synergizes with quinacrine in hindering the growth of human glioblastoma multiforme cells
Creators: name: Matteoni, Silvia
name: Abbruzzese, Claudia
name: Matarrese, Paola
name: Luca, Gabriele De
name: Mileo, Anna
name: Miccadei, Stefania
name: Schenone, Silvia
name: Musumeci, Francesca
name: Haas, Tobias
name: Sette, Giovanni
name: Carapella, Carmine
name: Amato, Rosario
name: Perrotti, Nicola
name: Signore, Michele
name: Paggi, Marco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Table S1. Complete list of antibodies used for RPPA analysis and their main related information. (PDF 26 kb)
Scalar phenomenology in type-II seesaw model
Creators: name: Primulando, R.
name: Julio, J.
name: Uttayarat, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the viable parameter space of the scalar sector in the type-II seesaw model. In identifying the allowed parameter space, we employ constraints from low energy precision measurements, theoretical considerations and the 125-GeV Higgs data. These tools prove effective in constraining the model parameter space. Moreover, the triplet also offers a rich collider phenomenology from having additional scalars that have unique collider signatures. We find that direct collider searches for these scalars can further probe various parts of the viable parameter space. These parts can be parametrized by the electroweak scalar triplet vacuum expectation value, the mass splitting of the singly- and doubly-charged scalars, and the doubly-charged Higgs mass. We find that different regions of the viable parameter space give rise to different collider signatures, such as the same-sign dilepton, the same-sign $W$ and the multilepton signatures. By investigating various LEP and LHC measurements, we derive the most updated constraints over the whole range of parameter space of the type-II seesaw model.
description: 32 pages + references, 9 figures, 6 tables. Version 3 matches the JHEP version
title: Dreh-Schwingkreisel
Creators: name: Mühlenfeld, J.
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 50

description: Die Theorie eines Wendekreiseis mit rotierendem Schwingungssystem wird entwickelt und der Theorie anderer Wendekreisel gegenübergestellt. Ein Versuchsgerät, dessen Aufbau beschrieben wird, erreicht eine Ansprechschwelle von 0,05 °/h.
title: Über eine Konvergenzuntersuchung an finiten Elementen
Creators: name: Dirr, Bodo
name: Waller, Heinz
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 620

description: Die Berechnung zweidimensionaler Kontinua wird in neuerer Zeit häufig mit Hilfe finiter Elemente vorgenommen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Konvergenzbeweis für eine spezielle Art dieser Elemente, die Gitterrostelemente, vorgelegt. Die benutzte Methode erlaubt ganz allgemein eine Konvergenzuntersuchung auch an anderen finiten Elementen und läßt sich zur Erzeugung von Steifigkeitsmatrizen neuer finiter Elemente verwenden.
title: Über den Beweis der Normalverteilung gewisser der Ermittlung von Spektraldichten dienenden Schätzfunktion
Creators: name: Baranoff, Alexis
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 50

description: Es wird unter Benutzung einer Methode von M. Loève, gezeigt, daß die Schätzfunktionen, die die Spektraldichten eines stationären Zufallsprozesses auf Grund einer endlichen, diskreten Beobachtungsfolge zu ermitteln gestatten, eine Normalverteilung besitzen. Die Arbeit ergänzt somit eine zuvor erschienene Untersuchung des Verfassers, in der die Normalverteilung nur für den Fall sehr umfangreicher Beobachtungsreihen bewiesen werden konnte.
Probing cell death mechanisms with chemical and genetic tools
Creators: Hayano, Miki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cells
Cytology
Death (Biology)
Cells--Growth
Cells--Growth--Regulation
Cell death
Biology

description: Understanding of cell death mechanisms is important to identifying therapeutic approaches to treat excess cell growth, as seen in tumors, or to inhibit excess cell death, as seen in neurodegenerative disease and ischemia. In the first part of this work, we aim to extend the understanding of a non-apoptotic cell death phenotype, ferroptosis, through use of a genome-wide siRNA screen. We identified knockdown of CARS, or cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, as an inhibitor of erastin-induced ferroptosis. Loss of CARS led to upregulation of the transsulfuration pathway, where methionine is used as the source of sulfur for cysteine synthesis, as a suppressive mechanism. Upregulation of the transsulfuration pathway may serve as a biomarker to identify tumor types that may be insensitive to ferroptosis-inducing therapeutics. On the other hand, induction of the transsulfuration pathway may be beneficial in disease contexts that involve excess cell death. In the second part of this work, we elucidate the mechanism of action of a small molecule Mdm2 inhibitor, or MEL. Mdm2 is a negative inhibitor of p53; therefor, an inhibitor of Mdm2 may be useful in treating tumors driven by Mdm2 overexpression. We found MEL to inhibit the E3-ligase activity of Mdm2/MdmX heterocomplex, proving to be a useful tool to probe the importance of the heterocomplex in normal physiology and disease development. We also explored the structural scaffold of MEL compounds, an indole, and identified a novel ferroptosis inducer, increasing the chemical toolbox available to study ferroptosis.
Evolving test-fields in a black-hole geometry
Creators: name: Andersson, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the initial value problem for a massless scalar field in the Schwarzschild geometry. When constructed using a complex-frequency approach the necessary Green's function splits into three components. We discuss all of these in some detail: 1) The contribution from the singularities (the quasinormal modes of the black hole) is approximated and the mode-sum is demonstrated to converge after a certain well defined time in the evolution. A dynamic description of the mode-excitation is introduced and tested. 2) It is shown how a straightforward low-frequency approximation to the integral along the branch cut in the black-hole Green's function leads to the anticipated power-law fall off at very late times. We also calculate higher order corrections to this tail and show that they provide an important complement to the leading order. 3) The high-frequency problem is also considered. We demonstrate that the combination of the obtained approximations for the quasinormal modes and the power-law tail provide a complete description of the evolution at late times. Problems that arise (in the complex-frequency picture) for early times are also discussed, as is the fact that many of the presented results generalize to, for example, Kerr black holes.
description: 13 pages, 6 postscript figures
On Inducing n-gons
Creators: name: Abedin, Marjan
name: Mohades, Ali
name: Eskandari, Marzieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Applied Computer Science
Theoretical Computer Science

description: In this paper, we establish a lower bound on the number of inducing simple n-gons in grid-like arrangements of lines. We also show that the complexity associated with counting the number of inducing n-gons in an arrange- ment of collinear segments is #P complete.
Additional file 1 of Ligamentous injury-induced ankle instability causing posttraumatic osteoarthritis in a mouse model
Creators: name: Li, Junkun
name: Chen, Zhi
name: Cheng, Yu
name: Gao, Chao
name: Li, Jiaxin
name: Gu, Xiaohui
name: He, Fan
name: Luo, Zongping
name: Yang, Huilin
name: Zhang, Hongtao
name: Yu, Jia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1
title: Quantitative comparison of a mobile, tablet-based eye-tracker and two stationary, video-based eye-trackers
Creators: name: König, Aylin
name: Thomas, Uwe
name: Bremmer, Frank
name: Dowiasch, Stefan
Publisher: name: Springer US
Year: 2025

description: The analysis of eye movements is a noninvasive, reliable and fast method to detect and quantify brain (dys)function. Here, we investigated the performance of two novel eye-trackers—the Thomas Oculus Motus-research mobile (TOM-rm) and the TOM-research stationary (TOM-rs)—and compared them with the performance of a well-established video-based eye-tracker, i.e., the EyeLink 1000 Plus (EL). The TOM-rm is a fully integrated, tablet-based mobile device that presents visual stimuli and records head-unrestrained eye movements at 30 Hz without additional infrared illumination. The TOM-rs is a stationary, video-based eye-tracker that records eye movements at either high spatial or high temporal resolution. We compared the performance of all three eye-trackers in two different behavioral tasks: pro- and anti-saccade and free viewing. We collected data from 30 human subjects while running all three eye-tracking devices in parallel. Parameters requiring a high spatial or temporal resolution (e.g., saccade latency or gain), as derived from the data, differed significantly between the EL and the TOM-rm in both tasks. Differences between results derived from the TOM-rs and the EL were most likely due to experimental conditions, which could not be optimized for both systems simultaneously. We conclude that the TOM-rm can be used for measuring basic eye-movement parameters, such as the error rate in a typical pro- and anti-saccade task, or the number and position of fixations in a visual foraging task, reliably at comparably low spatial and temporal resolution. The TOM-rs, on the other hand, can provide high-resolution oculomotor data at least on a par with an established reference system.
Additional file 2: of Association between fluctuations in serum chloride levels and 30-day mortality among critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis
Creators: name: Kim, Hyo
name: Oh, Tak
name: Song, In-Ae
name: Lee, Jae
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Table S2. Interactions between fluctuations in Cl- levels with the associations of cumulative FB and dyschloremia upon ICU admission with 30-day mortality in a multivariable Cox regression analysis. (DOCX 18 kb)
Probing circuits for spinal motor control
Creators: Machado, Timothy Aloysius
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Spinal circuits can generate locomotor output in the absence of sensory or descending input, but the principles of locomotor circuit organization remain unclear. We sought
insight into these principles by considering the elaboration of locomotor circuits across
evolution. The identity of limb-innervating motor neurons was reverted to a state resembling that of motor neurons that direct undulatory swimming in primitive aquatic vertebrates, permitting assessment of the role of motor neuron identity in determining locomotor pattern. Two-photon imaging was coupled with spike inference to measure locomotor firing in hundreds of motor neurons in isolated mouse spinal cords. In wild type preparations we observed sequential recruitment of motor neurons innervating flexor muscles controlling progressively more distal joints. Strikingly, after reversion of motor neuron identity virtually all firing patterns became distinctly flexor-like. Our interneuron imaging experiments demonstrate a new approach for functionally mapping the types of inputs that motor neurons might receive during locomotor firing. These data revealed that En1-derived inhibitory spinal interneuron activity appears to be dominated by a flexor-like pattern across the ventrolateral extent of the lumbar spinal cord–even in the regions surrounding flexor and extensor motor pools. Together, these findings show that motor neuron identity directs locomotor circuit
wiring, and indicate the evolutionary primacy of flexor pattern generation.
Accelerated detection of the binary neutron star gravitational-wave background
Creators: name: Vivanco, Francisco Hernandez
name: Smith, Rory
name: Thrane, Eric
name: Lasky, Paul D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most gravitational-wave signals from binary neutron star coalescences are too weak to be individually resolved with current detectors. We demonstrate how to extract a population of sub-threshold binary neutron star signals using Bayesian parameter estimation. Assuming a merger rate of one signal every two hours, we find that this gravitational-wave background can be detected after approximately three months of observation with Advanced LIGO and Virgo at design sensitivity, versus several years using the standard cross-correlation algorithm. We show that the algorithm can distinguish different neutron star equations of state using roughly seven months of Advanced LIGO and Virgo design-sensitivity data. This is in contrast to the standard cross-correlation method, which cannot.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Cynodon
Cynodon dactylon

description: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: LMDF; up to 2 000 m. Distribution: I.
Voucher: N/A.
References: Fries & Fries (1926), Bussmann (1993, 1994).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Duality, Self-Duality, Sources and Charge Quantization in Abelian N-Form Theories
Creators: name: Deser, S.
name: Gomberoff, A.
name: Henneaux, M.
name: Teitelboim, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate duality properties of N-form fields, provide a symmetric way of coupling them to electric/magnetic sources, and check that these charges obey the appropriate quantization requirements. First, we contrast the D=4k case, in which duality is a well-defined SO(2) rotation generated by a Chern-Simons form leaving the action invariant, and D=4k+2 where the corresponding ostensibly SO(1,1) rotation is not only not an invariance but does not even have a generator. When charged sources are included we show explicitly in the Maxwell case how the usual Dirac quantization arises in a fully symmetric approach attaching strings to both types of charges. Finally, for D=4k+2 systems, we show how charges can be introduced for self-dual (2k)-forms, and obtain the D=4k models with sources by dimensional reduction, tracing their duality invariance to a partial invariance in the higher dimensions.
description: 13 pages, Latex
Heterochele Viswajyothi & Clark 2021
Creators: name: Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam
name: Clark, Shawn M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Heterochele

description: Genus Heterochele Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021
Heterochele Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021a: 3105 (type species Heterochele actias Viswajyothi & Clark, 2021, by original designation).
Remarks
This genus contains two described species, occurring in Costa Rica and Panama. It is tentatively placed in the section Phyllecthrites, because the preapical, ventral portion of the male middle tibia is concave. However, the concavity is slight and not forming a deep notch as in most other genera of Phyllecthrites. The setae along the lateral margin of the pronotum (easily abraded) are suggestive of a relationship with Acalymma (section Diabroticites). The deep incision at the apex of the male abdomen and the tarsal claws (bifid in males, appendiculate in females) are both remarkable, as well as somewhat confusing with regards to classification. See Fig. 89 for a habitus illustration.
description: Published as part of Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam & Clark, Shawn M., 2022, New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), pp. 1-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 842 on page 24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945, http://zenodo.org/record/7222499
Surface tension and the origin of the circular hydraulic jump in a thin liquid film
Creators: name: Duchesne, Alexis
name: Andersen, Anders
name: Bohr, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently claimed by Bhagat et al. (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 851 (2018), R5) that the scientific literature on the circular hydraulic jump in a thin liquid film is flawed by improper treatment and severe underestimation of the influence of surface tension. Bhagat {\em et al.} use an energy equation with a new surface energy term that is introduced without reference, and they conclude that the location of the hydraulic jump is determined by surface tension alone. We show that this approach is incorrect and derive a corrected energy equation. Proper treatment of surface tension in thin film flows is of general interest beyond hydraulic jumps, and we show that the effect of surface tension is fully contained in the Laplace pressure due to the curvature of the surface. Following the same approach as Bhagat et al., i.e., keeping only the first derivative of the surface velocity, the influence of surface tension is, for thin films, much smaller than claimed by them. We further describe the influence of viscosity in thin film flows, and we conclude by discussing the distinction between time-dependent and stationary hydraulic jumps.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Fuzzy Space-Time
Creators: name: Madore, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review is made of recent efforts to define linear connections and their corresponding curvature within the context of noncommutative geometry. As an application it is suggested that it is possible to identify the gravitational field as a phenomenological manifestation of space-time commutation relations and to thereby clarify its role as an ultraviolet regularizer.
description: 17 pages LaTex
Dactylis glomerata L.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Dactylis
Dactylis glomerata

description: * Dactylis glomerata L.  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: LMDF. Distribution: IV.
 Voucher: Timau Track, Alt. 2 860 m, 15 Aug. 1980, Young 49 (EA).
Reference: Young & Young (1983).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Additional file 1: of Association between fluctuations in serum chloride levels and 30-day mortality among critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis
Creators: name: Kim, Hyo
name: Oh, Tak
name: Song, In-Ae
name: Lee, Jae
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Univariable Cox regression analysis of covariates for 30-day mortality after ICU admission. (DOCX 19 kb)
title: Untersuchungen der optischen Eigenschaften farbiger Kaliumchloratkristalle
Creators: name: Cario, Günther
name: Euler, J.
name: Fricke, Hans
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 530

description: On crystallizing KClO3 from a solution, there are formed monocline crystal plates which strike by their bright coloured reflectibility. Previous publications by other authors explained this appearence to be an interference phenomenon, caused by strata structure of the plates consisting of twin lamellae with alternating refractive index. The present authors have investigated thoroughly the optical properties of such crystals. The accordance of the measured values with a simple lattice theory is satisfactorily up to angles of incidence of 45°. For still greater angles the double refraction of KClO3 must be accounted for. In a paper by G. Becker to be published soon it will be shown that even the phenomena in polarized light can be explained by a theory of such type. Further discussion shows that discrepancies caused by lattice disturbances are of minor importance. A further publication will deal with the question of the mechanism of formation of these regularly structured strata containing up to 1000 such reflecting layers.
Understanding repulsively mediated superconductivity of correlated electrons via massively parallel DMRG
Creators: name: Kantian, Adrian
name: Dolfi, Michele
name: Troyer, Matthias
name: Giamarchi, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The so-called minimal models of unconventional superconductivity are lattice models of interacting electrons derived from materials in which electron pairing arises from purely repulsive interactions. Showing unambiguously that a minimal model actually can have a superconducting ground state remains a challenge at nonperturbative interactions. We make a significant step in this direction by computing ground states of the 2D \mbox{U-V} Hubbard model - the minimal model of the quasi-1D superconductors - by parallelized DMRG, which allows for systematic control of any bias and that is sign-problem-free. Using distributed-memory supercomputers and leveraging the advantages of the \mbox{U-V} model, we can treat unprecedented sizes of 2D strips and extrapolate their spin gap both to zero approximation error and the thermodynamic limit. Our results for the spin gap are shown to be compatible with a spin excitation spectrum that is either fully gapped or has zeros only in discrete points, and conversely that a Fermi liquid or magnetically ordered ground state is incompatible with them. Coupled with the enhancement to short-range correlations that we find exclusively in the $d_{xy}$ pairing-channel, this allows us to build an indirect case for the ground state of this model having superconducting order in the full 2D limit, and ruling out the other main possible phases, magnetic orders and Fermi liquids.
description: Final published version: 18 pages including appendix, 11 figures
Environmental, social, and economic benefits of biochar application for land reclamation purposes
Creators: name: Petelina, Elizaveta
name: Sanscartier, David
name: MacWilliam, Susan
name: Ridsdale, Reanne
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Biochar is a solid material produced by pyrolysis of biomass, which was shown to improve soil properties. On the other hand, there are a number of risks and uncertainties associated with its use in land reclamation. This case study is aimed to assess environmental, social, and economical benefits and limitations of biochar use for revegetation projects in northern Saskatchewan. Four revegetation options were examined, i.e. natural restoration, revegetation with peat application, and revegetation with application of commercially or locally produced biochar. The assessment methods included option screening by the expert panel, stakeholder opinion survey, and quantitative assessment (i.e. screening life cycle assessment and life cycle costing analysis). The study results suggest that biochar provides a number of environmental benefits and its on-site production can also provide social benefits and economic opportunities. On the other hand, biochar production and application is expensive and associated with technical risks, which can undermine overall project success. Nevertheless, positive trends in biochar production industry suggest that in the near future this material may serve as an affordable and technically reliable alternative to conventional soil amendments for land reclamation.