cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of geometry and Reynolds number on the turbulent separated flow behind a bulge in a channel
Creators: name: Mollicone, Jean-Paul
name: Battista, Francesco
name: Gualtieri, Paolo
name: Casciola, Carlo Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulent flow separation induced by a protuberance on one of the walls of an otherwise planar channel is investigated using Direct Numerical Simulations. Different bulge geometries and Reynolds numbers - with the highest friction Reynolds number simulation reaching a peak of Reτ = 900 - are addressed to understand the effect of the wall curvature and of the Reynolds number on the dynamics of the recirculating bubble behind the bump. Most of the drag is due to the form contribution, whilst the friction contribution does not change appreciably with respect to an equivalent planar channel flow. The most bluff geometry has a larger recirculation region, whilst the Reynolds number increase results in a smaller recirculation bubble and a shear layer more attached to the bump. The energy introduced by the pressure drop follows two routes: part of it is transferred towards the walls to be dissipated and part feeds the turbulent production hence the velocity fluctuations in the separating shear layer. Spatial energy fluxes transfer the kinetic energy into the recirculation bubble and downstream near the wall where it is ultimately dissipated. Consistently, anisotropy concentrates at small scales near the walls irrespective of the value of the Reynolds number. In the bulk flow and in the recirculation bubble, isotropy is restored at small scales and the isotropy recovery rate is controlled by the Reynolds number. Anisotropy invariant maps are presented, showing the difficulty in developing suitable turbulence models to predict separated turbulent flow dynamics. Results shed light on the processes of production, transfer and dissipation of energy in this relatively complex turbulent flow where non-homogeneous effects overwhelm the classical picture of wall bounded turbulent flows which typically exploits streamwise homogeneity.
VIRAL ION CHANNEL PRODUCTION FOR STRUCTURAL STUDIES
Creators: name: FERRARA, GIUSEPPINA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2011

description: Crystallization of ion channel proteins is a difficult task for several reasons related to the hydrophobic nature of these proteins, and still is a matter of trials and errors. In this work I will present an experimental approach to the crystallization of a group of small potassium channels: the viral Kcv channels. The first part deals with the expression of MA-1D Kcv in the heterologous system Pichia pastoris and its purification by detergent solubilization. Attempts to increase the yield of the protein by modification of the construct at the DNA level are discussed. In parallel the production of Fab fragments from monoclonal antibodies that recognized the tetrameric form of the protein has been established in order to make protein-antibody complexes that can promote an ordered crystallization process by increasing the polar contacts within the crystals. In the second part of this thesis, the planar lipid bilayer technique is applied to study the functional properties of several Kcv channels at the single channel level. In particular I have analyzed the block by barium of the wt PBCV-1 Kcv and of its mutants in the 4th site of the selectivity filter, residue Threonine 63. This mutation affects protein sensitivity to barium, but also alters the open probability and the number of subconductance levels. The mutation of an adjacent aminoacid, Serine 62, recovers the wt functions. The T63 mutation was then moved also to another Kcv channel, MA-1D Kcv, to check if the behavior related to the mutation is conserved. The third part deals with Kesv, a Kcv-like channel founding a related class of viruses, ESV that, differently to Kcv, shows a mitochondrial localization when expressed in heterologous systems. Due to the difficulties encountered in measuring from mitochondria of transfected cells, we have not been able to record currents from this channel in the past. It was therefore decided to produce and purify recombinant protein for functional studies in artificial lipid bilayer. Since all attempts to express it in Pichia pastoris failed, it was decided to express it in a cell-free system in collaboration with the lab of Dr. Bernhard, at the University of Frankfurt. Functional studies on the reconstituted protein channel have revealed that the protein forms a functional, selective K+ channel with overall features of the Kcv-like channels.
Role of the membrane for mechanosensing by tethered channels
Creators: name: Sabass, Benedikt
name: Stone, Howard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biologically important membrane channels are gated by force at attached tethers. Here, we generically characterize the non-trivial interplay of force, membrane tension, and channel deformations that can affect gating. A central finding is that minute conical channel deformation under force leads to significant energy release during opening. We also calculate channel-channel interactions and show that they can amplify force sensitivity of tethered channels.
Fractional Brownian motion, the Matern process, and stochastic modeling of turbulent dispersion
Creators: name: Lilly, J. M.
name: Sykulski, A. M.
name: Early, J. J
name: Olhede, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic process exhibiting power-law slopes in the frequency domain are frequently well modeled by fractional Brownian motion (fBm). In particular, the spectral slope at high frequencies is associated with the degree of small-scale roughness or fractal dimension. However, a broad class of real-world signals have a high-frequency slope, like fBm, but a plateau in the vicinity of zero frequency. This low-frequency plateau, it is shown, implies that the temporal integral of the process exhibits diffusive behavior, dispersing from its initial location at a constant rate. Such processes are not well modeled by fBm, which has a singularity at zero frequency corresponding to an unbounded rate of dispersion. A more appropriate stochastic model is a much lesser-known random process called the Matern process, which is shown herein to be a damped version of fractional Brownian motion. This article first provides a thorough introduction to fractional Brownian motion, then examines the details of the Matern process and its relationship to fBm. An algorithm for the simulation of the Matern process in O(N log N) operations is given. Unlike fBm, the Matern process is found to provide an excellent match to modeling velocities from particle trajectories in an application to two-dimensional fluid turbulence.
QED Radiative Corrections to Low-Energy Moller and Bhabha Scattering
Creators: name: Epstein, Charles S.
name: Milner, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a treatment of the next-to-leading-order radiative corrections to unpolarized Moller and Bhabha scattering without resorting to ultra-relativistic approximations. We extend existing soft-photon radiative corrections with new hard-photon bremsstrahlung calculations so that the effect of photon emission is taken into account for any photon energy. This formulation is intended for application in the OLYMPUS experiment and the upcoming DarkLight experiment, but is applicable to a broad range of experiments at energies where QED is a sufficient description.
Super-additivity in communication of classical information through quantum channels from a quantum parameter estimation perspective
Creators: name: Czajkowski, Jan
name: Jarzyna, Marcin
name: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, Rafal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out a contrasting role the entanglement plays in communication and estimation scenarios. In the first case it brings noticeable benefits at the measurement stage (output super-additivity), whereas in the latter it is the entanglement of the input probes that enables significant performance enhancement (input super-additivity). We identify a weak estimation regime where a strong connection between concepts crucial to the two fields is demonstrated; the accessible information and the Holevo quantity on one side and the quantum Fisher information related quantities on the other. This allows us to shed new light on the problem of super-additivity in communication using the concepts of quantum estimation theory.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures, published version
Rethinking humiliation: Self-discrepancy as the core of a complex psychological experience
Creators: name: Vorster, Anja
name: Dumont, Kitty
name: Waldzus, Sven
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This study proposes to define psychological humiliation as the experience of receiving an unsolicited message that implies being seen, or perceived, by one or more significant other(s) in a manner that is incompatible with one’s own social self-concept. By focussing on the experienced discrepancy between a person’s actual/own self-concept and a person’s actual/other self-concept, this definition encompasses key elements of previous conceptualisations of humiliation and resonates with people’s own experiences. To support this proposition, 2635 narratives was content analysed and captured definitions of humiliation and accounts of humiliating situations from 1048 participants. The findings demonstrate that humiliation entails specific self-discrepancies that do not only refer to the fundamental content dimensions of communion and/or agency but also affect different aspects of the self.
Dynamical behavior and Jacobi stability analysis of wound strings
Creators: name: Lake, Matthew J.
name: Harko, Tiberiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically solve the equations of motion (EOM) for two models of circular cosmic string loops with windings in a simply connected internal space. Since the windings cannot be topologically stabilized, stability must be achieved (if at all) dynamically. As toy models for realistic compactifications, we consider windings on a small section of $\mathbb{R}^2$, which is valid as an approximation to any simply connected internal manifold if the winding radius is sufficiently small, and windings on an $S^2$ of constant radius $\mathcal{R}$. We then use Kosambi-Cartan-Chern (KCC) theory to analyze the Jacobi stability of the string equations and determine bounds on the physical parameters that ensure dynamical stability of the windings. We find that, for the same initial conditions, the curvature and topology of the internal space have nontrivial effects on the microscopic behavior of the string in the higher dimensions, but that the macroscopic behavior is remarkably insensitive to the details of the motion in the compact space. This suggests that higher-dimensional signatures may be extremely difficult to detect in the effective $(3+1)$-dimensional dynamics of strings compactified on an internal space, even if configurations with nontrivial windings persist over long time periods.
description: 46 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC; matches the published version. Updated references (v3)
Do electron-capture supernovae make neutron stars? First multidimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the oxygen deflagration
Creators: name: Jones, Samuel
name: Roepke, Friedrich K.
name: Pakmor, Ruediger
name: Seitenzahl, Ivo R.
name: Ohlmann, Sebastian T.
name: Edelmann, Philipp V. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the classical picture, electron-capture supernovae and the accretion-induced collapse of oxygen-neon white dwarfs (ONeWDs) undergo an oxygen deflagration phase before gravitational collapse produces a neutron star (NS). These types of core collapse events are postulated to explain several astronomical phenomena. In this work, the deflagration phase is simulated for the first time using multidimensional hydrodynamics, with the aim of gaining new insight into the explosive deaths of $8-10~M_\odot$ stars and ONeWDs that accrete material from a binary companion star. The main aim is to determine whether these events are thermonuclear or core-collapse supernova explosions, and hence whether NSs are formed by such phenomena. The deflagration is simulated in ONe cores with three different central ignition densities. The intermediate density case is perhaps the most realistic, being based on recent nuclear physics calculations and 1D stellar models. The 3D hydrodynamic simulations presented in this work begin from a centrally confined flame structure using a level-set-based flame approach and are performed in $256^3$ and $512^3$ numerical resolutions. In the simulations with intermediate and low ignition density, the cores do not appear to collapse into NSs. Instead, almost a solar mass of material becomes unbound from the cores, leaving bound remnants. These simulations represent the case in which semiconvective mixing during the electron-capture phase preceding the deflagration is inefficient. The masses of the bound remnants double when Coulomb corrections are included in the EoS, however they still do not exceed the effective Chandrasekhar mass and, hence, would not collapse into NSs. The simulations with the highest ignition density ($\log_{10}ρ_{\rm c}=10.3$), representing the case where semiconvective mixing is very efficient, show clear signs that the core will collapse into a NS.
description: 11 pages; 9 figures; 1 table; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Effective Vinogradov's mean value theorem via efficient boxing
Creators: name: Steiner, Raphael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P55, 11L07, 11L15, 11D45

description: We combine Wooley's efficient congruencing method with earlier work of Vinogradov and Hua to get effective bounds on Vinogradov's mean value theorem.
description: 39 pages, updated version
Visualization enhancements and updates to the CBRAIN distributed computing platform
Creators: name: Beck, Natacha
name: Adalat, Reza
name: Boroday, Sergiy
name: Das, Samir
name: Khalili-Mahani, Najmeh
name: Lecours-Boucher, Xavier
name: Pham, Xuan Mai
name: Quesnel, Darcy
name: Rioux, Pierre
name: Caron, Bryan
name: Evans, Alan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Neuroinformatics and data sharing
Databasing and data sharing
Workflows
Computational Neuroscience
Data Analysis

description: Accepted abstract and poster presentation at the Organization for Human Brain Mapping 2023 conference, July 2023.
A Sharp Condition for Exact Support Recovery of with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
Creators: name: Wen, Jinming
name: Zhou, Zhengchun
name: Wang, Jian
name: Tang, Xiaohu
name: Mo, Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Support recovery of sparse signals from noisy measurements with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) has been extensively studied. In this paper, we show that for any $K$-sparse signal $\x$, if a sensing matrix $\A$ satisfies the restricted isometry property (RIP) with restricted isometry constant (RIC) $δ_{K+1} < 1/\sqrt {K+1}$, then under some constraints on the minimum magnitude of nonzero elements of $\x$, OMP exactly recovers the support of $\x$ from its measurements $\y=\A\x+\v$ in $K$ iterations, where $\v$ is a noise vector that is $\ell_2$ or $\ell_{\infty}$ bounded. This sufficient condition is sharp in terms of $δ_{K+1}$ since for any given positive integer $K$ and any $1/\sqrt{K+1}\leq δ<1$, there always exists a matrix $\A$ satisfying the RIP with $δ_{K+1}=δ$ for which OMP fails to recover a $K$-sparse signal $\x$ in $K$ iterations. Also, our constraints on the minimum magnitude of nonzero elements of $\x$ are weaker than existing ones. Moreover, we propose worst-case necessary conditions for the exact support recovery of $\x$, characterized by the minimum magnitude of the nonzero elements of $\x$.
description: Jinming Wen, Zhengchun Zhou, Jian Wang, Xiaohu, Tang and Qun Mo. A Sharp Condition for Exact Support Recovery with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 65(2017),1370-1382
Simulation-Based Power-Analysis for Factorial ANOVA Designs
Creators: name: Lakens, Daniel
name: Caldwell, Aaron
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: power analysis
subject: R
subject: Rstats
subject: Shiny
subject: statistics

description: The shiny app is available at: https://aaroncaldwell.us/project/shinypowerapp/ and https://aaroncaldwell.us/project/shinyexactapp/ A complete manual using Superpower is available at: https://aaroncaldwell.us/SuperpowerBook/ Researchers often use an analysis of variance (ANOVA) when reporting results of study. In order for an ANOVA to be informative researchers need to ensure their study is adequately powered. Yet, power analyses for factorial ANOVA designs are often challenging. First, current software solutions do not enable power analyses for complex designs with many within-subject factors. Second, power analyses often need partial eta-squared or Cohen's f as input, but these effect sizes do not generalize to different experimental designs. We have created R functions and an online Shiny app that performs simulations for ANOVA designs. Our functions allow for up to three within- or between-subject factors, with an unlimited number of levels. Predicted effects are entered by specifying means, standard deviations, and correlations (for within-subject factors). The simulation provides power calculations for all ANOVA main effects and interactions. In addition, power calculations are provided for pairwise comparisons and there are range of options to correct for multiple comparisons. The simulation plots p-value distributions for all tests. This tutorial will demonstrate how to perform power analysis for ANOVA designs. The simulations illustrate important factors that determine the statistical power of factorial ANOVA designs. The code and Shiny app will enable researchers without extensive programming experience to perform power analyses for a wide range of ANOVA designs.
Visualization enhancements and updates to the CBRAIN distributed computing platform
Creators: name: Beck, Natacha
name: Rioux, Pierre
name: Boroday, Serge
name: Quesnel, Darcy
name: Lecours-Boucher, Xavier
name: Khalili-Mahani, Najmeh
name: Adalat, Reza
name: Das, Samir
name: Caron, Bryan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Accepted abstract for poster presentation at the Organization for Human Brain Mapping 2023 conference, July 2023.
When Coding Style Survives Compilation: De-anonymizing Programmers from Executable Binaries
Creators: name: Caliskan, Aylin
name: Yamaguchi, Fabian
name: Dauber, Edwin
name: Harang, Richard
name: Rieck, Konrad
name: Greenstadt, Rachel
name: Narayanan, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability to identify authors of computer programs based on their coding style is a direct threat to the privacy and anonymity of programmers. While recent work found that source code can be attributed to authors with high accuracy, attribution of executable binaries appears to be much more difficult. Many distinguishing features present in source code, e.g. variable names, are removed in the compilation process, and compiler optimization may alter the structure of a program, further obscuring features that are known to be useful in determining authorship. We examine programmer de-anonymization from the standpoint of machine learning, using a novel set of features that include ones obtained by decompiling the executable binary to source code. We adapt a powerful set of techniques from the domain of source code authorship attribution along with stylistic representations embedded in assembly, resulting in successful de-anonymization of a large set of programmers. We evaluate our approach on data from the Google Code Jam, obtaining attribution accuracy of up to 96% with 100 and 83% with 600 candidate programmers. We present an executable binary authorship attribution approach, for the first time, that is robust to basic obfuscations, a range of compiler optimization settings, and binaries that have been stripped of their symbol tables. We perform programmer de-anonymization using both obfuscated binaries, and real-world code found "in the wild" in single-author GitHub repositories and the recently leaked Nulled.IO hacker forum. We show that programmers who would like to remain anonymous need to take extreme countermeasures to protect their privacy.
description: 15 pages
Mini-chromosomes drive large-scale genome rearrangements and horizontal gene transfer in the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Creators: name: Barragan, A. Cristina
name: Malmgren, Angus
name: Harant, Adeline
name: Latorre, Sergio M.
name: Win, Joe
name: Burbano, Hernán A.
name: Lamour, Kurt
name: Kamoun, Sophien
name: Langner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: genome evolution, mini-chromosomes, blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, Evo-MPMI, #ICPP23

description: Blast disease epidemics caused by the fungus Magnaporthe (syn. Pyricularia) oryzae are often dominated by clonal pathogen lineages. In absence of sexual recombination, a major driver of genomic diversity and purging of deleterious mutations, these lineages manage to continuously adapt to their host plants. Contrary to their very low genetic diversity in core genomic regions, we observed vast chromosome diversity in clonal blast fungus populations. We found that variable mini-chromosomes (mChr) contribute to megabase-scale genome rearrangements, chromosome duplications, and horizontal transfer of mChr between diverse host-specialized lineages. These transfer events include mChr-encoded virulence effector candidates. We hypothesize that mChr rearrangements and inter-lineage transfer contribute to blast fungus genome diversity and to the adaptive potential of the blast fungus. (Presented at the International Congress of Plant Pathology 2023, Lyon, France)
Environmental Factors on the Dynamics and Evolution of COVID-19: A Systematic Review on the Study of Short-Term Ozone Exposure
Creators: name: Bratosin, Felix
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: The study hypothesis is that short-term ozone exposure influences the dynamics and evolution of COVID-19. It is proposed that high ambient O3 levels could potentially enhance the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and adversely affect the clinical out-comes of infected individuals. Conversely, lower O3 concentrations may decrease the se-verity and spread of the disease. Therefore, the current study aims to systematically review and analyze existing literature concerning the effects of short-term ozone exposure on COVID-19 transmission dynamics and evolution. Additionally, it aims to identify gaps in current knowledge and provide recommendations for future research directions. Such a comprehensive review is necessary to improve our understanding of COVID-19 in the context of air pollution, with potential implications for public health strategies, policy-making, and preventive measures during current or future pandemics.
A rapid evidence review of the implementation, impact, and effectiveness of virtual and digital interventions for 0-5 year olds and their families. Study protocol
Creators: name: Cordis Bright
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The purpose of this rapid evidence review is to identify virtual and digital parenting interventions with evidence of supporting the development of children aged five or younger. Foundations would like to build the evidence base supporting the effective delivery of Family Hubs and early years services in local areas and synthesising the existing evidence is the first step in this process. The study follows a review published by the Early Intervention Foundation (EIF) in 2020, entitled 'Covid-19 and early intervention. Evidence, challenges and risks relating to virtual and digital delivery'. Whilst EIF's review found over 100 virtual and digital interventions for children and young people, the review also identified a gap in knowledge about virtual and digital delivery of interventions for children aged 0-5 and their families. The aim of the current review is to fill this gap.
The Strauss conjecture on asymptotically flat space-times
Creators: name: Metcalfe, Jason
name: Wang, Chengbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L70, 35L15

description: By assuming a certain localized energy estimate, we prove the existence portion of the Strauss conjecture on asymptotically flat manifolds, possibly exterior to a compact domain, when the spatial dimension is 3 or 4. In particular, this result applies to the 3 and 4-dimensional Schwarzschild and Kerr (with small angular momentum) black hole backgrounds, long range asymptotically Euclidean spaces, and small time-dependent asymptotically flat perturbations of Minkowski space-time. We also permit lower order perturbations of the wave operator. The key estimates are a class of weighted Strichartz estimates, which are used near infinity where the metrics can be viewed as small perturbations of the Minkowski metric, and the assumed localized energy estimate, which is used in the remaining compact set.
description: Final version, to appear in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis. 17 pages
L'ETNOCENTRISMO NELLA TRADIZIONE GIURIDICA OCCIDENTALE: IL CASO DEL MAROCCO
Creators: name: GUCCIONE, LIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2012

description: Starting from the study of the definition and concept of law this work intends to investigate the construction of the '"other" through the use of a stereotyped idea of the rule of law, defined as the principle of legality. Orientalism is the definition of studies and researches upon non-European cultures. The modern Western society is, according to "our" vision, due to the process of secularization of institutions, made now able to offer to their citizens the legal and social model of coexistence based on democratic principles of tolerance and non-discrimination, recognition and protection of civil, political and religious values. It thus becomes difficult to understand an "other" legal and social system such as that of Islam for which the link between religion and politics is inseparable, since Islam is at the same time a religion, a model of legal and political plans, a proposal of civil society. The research is essentially structured in three sections. Firstly, starting from the study of E. Said (Orientalism) that documents and submits to criticism the use of the East that the West has done in reconstructing its legal, cultural and ideological aims. The purpose is the investigation of the construction of the '"other" through the use of thenstereotyped idea of Understanding the law as the principle of legality.The second part of the work takes the form of a legal system "other" away from the Western legal tradition, which is the Islamic law. Regarding the second part of this study, the aim is to analyse the connection between human rights (as explained in "system" of international protection) and the Koran, the light of the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights of 1981, the Declaration Cairo's human Rights in Islam, the Arab Charter of Human Right of 1994. The third section takes the form of a research activity designed to adress the issue of protection of women's rights in the institutional practice of a Muslim country, Morocco, in light of the recent reform of the Moudawana, the Moroccan Family Code. In light of this new code the rights of women will be analyzed both in there specific "regional" Islam and in the global context or in terms of application of the principles enshrined in international conventions.
Partial Wasserstein Adversarial Network for Non-rigid Point Set Registration
Creators: name: Wang, Zi-Ming
name: Xue, Nan
name: Lei, Ling
name: Xia, Gui-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given two point sets, the problem of registration is to recover a transformation that matches one set to the other. This task is challenging due to the presence of the large number of outliers, the unknown non-rigid deformations and the large sizes of point sets. To obtain strong robustness against outliers, we formulate the registration problem as a partial distribution matching (PDM) problem, where the goal is to partially match the distributions represented by point sets in a metric space. To handle large point sets, we propose a scalable PDM algorithm by utilizing the efficient partial Wasserstein-1 (PW) discrepancy. Specifically, we derive the Kantorovich-Rubinstein duality for the PW discrepancy, and show its gradient can be explicitly computed. Based on these results, we propose a partial Wasserstein adversarial network (PWAN), which is able to approximate the PW discrepancy by a neural network, and minimize it by gradient descent. In addition, it also incorporates an efficient coherence regularizer for non-rigid transformations to avoid unrealistic deformations. We evaluate PWAN on practical point set registration tasks, and show that the proposed PWAN is robust, scalable and performs more favorably than the state-of-the-art methods.
Scale-free quantitative unique continuation and equidistribution estimates for solutions of elliptic differential equations
Creators: name: Borisov, Denis
name: Tautenhahn, Martin
name: Veselic, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider elliptic differential operators on either the entire Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$ or on subsets consisting of a cube $Λ_L$ of integer length $L$. For eigenfunctions of the operator, and more general solutions of elliptic differential quations, we derive several quantitative unique continuation results. The first result is of local nature and estimates the vanishing order of a solution. The second is a sampling result and compares the $L^2$-norm of a solution over a union of equidistributed $δ$-balls in space with the $L^2$-norm on the entire space. In the case where the space $\mathbb{R}^d$ is replaced by a finite cube $Λ_L$ we derive similar estimates. A particular feature of our bound is that they are uniform as long as the coefficients of the operator are chosen from an appropriate ensemble, they are quantitative and explicit with respect to the radius $δ$, they are $L$-independent and stable under small shifts of the $δ$-balls. Our proof applies to second order terms which have slowly varying coefficients on the relevant length scale. The results can be also interpreted as special cases of uncertainty relations, observability estimates, or spectral inequalities.
Self-organized instability in graded-index multimode fibres
Creators: name: Wright, Logan G.
name: Liu, Zhanwei
name: Nolan, Daniel A.
name: Li, Ming-Jun
name: Christodoulides, Demetrios N.
name: Wise, Frank W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multimode fibres (MMFs) are attracting interest for complex spatiotemporal dynamics, and for ultrafast fibre sources, imaging and telecommunications. This new interest is based on three key properties: their high spatiotemporal complexity (information capacity), the important role of disorder, and complex intermodal interactions. To date, phenomena in MMFs have been studied only in limiting cases where one or more of these properties can be neglected. Here we study MMFs in a regime in which all these elements are integral. We observe a spatial beam-cleaning process preceding spatiotemporal modulation instability. We show that the origin of these processes is a universal unstable attractor in graded-index MMFs. Both the self-organization of the attractor, as well as its instability, are caused by intermodal interactions characterized by cooperating disorder, nonlinearity and dissipation. The demonstration of a disorder-enhanced nonlinear process in MMF has important implications for telecommunications, and the multifaceted complexity of the dynamics showcases MM waveguides as ideal laboratories for many topics and applications in complexity science.
description: http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v10/n12/full/nphoton.2016.227.html
Coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy of a Fano model
Creators: name: Finkelstein-Shapiro, Daniel
name: Poulsen, Felipe
name: Pullerits, Tõnu
name: Hansen, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fano lineshape arises from the interference of two excitation pathways to reach a continuum. Its generality has resulted in a tremendous success in explaining the lineshapes of many one-dimensional spectroscopies - absorption, emission, scattering, conductance, photofragmentation - applied to very varied systems - atoms, molecules, semiconductors and metals. Unravelling a spectroscopy into a second dimension reveals the relationship between states in addition to decongesting the spectra. Femtosecond-resolved two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a four-wave mixing technique that measures the time-evolution of the populations, and coherences of excited states. It has been applied extensively to the dynamics of photosynthetic units, and more recently to materials with extended band-structures. In this letter, we solve the full time-dependent third-order response, measured in 2DES, of a Fano model and give the new system parameters that become accessible.
Improving Ant Colony Optimization Efficiency for Solving Large TSP Instances
Creators: name: Skinderowicz, Rafał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a family of nature-inspired metaheuristics often applied to finding approximate solutions to difficult optimization problems. Despite being significantly faster than exact methods, the ACOs can still be prohibitively slow, especially if compared to basic problem-specific heuristics. As recent research has shown, it is possible to significantly improve the performance through algorithm refinements and careful parallel implementation benefiting from multi-core CPUs and dedicated accelerators. In this paper, we present a novel ACO variant, namely the Focused ACO (FACO). One of the core elements of the FACO is a mechanism for controlling the number of differences between a newly constructed and a selected previous solution. The mechanism results in a more focused search process, allowing to find improvements while preserving the quality of the existing solution. An additional benefit is a more efficient integration with a problem-specific local search. Computational study based on a range of the Traveling Salesman Problem instances shows that the FACO outperforms the state-of-the-art ACOs when solving large TSP instances. Specifically, the FACO required less than an hour of an 8-core commodity CPU time to find high-quality solutions (within 1% from the best-known results) for TSP Art Instances ranging from 100000 to 200000 nodes.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
Analysing interior characteristics of pulsating hot subdwarf B stars
Creators: name: Uzundag, Murat
name: Ghasemi, Hamed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Hot subdwarf B (sdB) stars are evolved, subluminous, helium-burning stars, most likely formed when red-giant stars lose their hydrogen envelope via interactions with close companions. They play an important role in our understanding of binary evolution, stellar atmospheres, and interiors. Among sdBs, only a small fraction pulsate. Recent space missions, notably Kepler, then K2, and now TESS, have revolutionized our comprehension of sdBs and have provided unprecedented access to asteroseismic measurements and tools for pulsating sdB stars. In this poster, we present a study that delves into convective boundary treatment during the helium-burning phase, with a particular focus on the convective premixing method and its impact on the evolution of the convective core in the pulsating sdB star KIC 10001893, which was extensively observed by the Kepler spacecraft. We identify three distinct stages in the convective premixing approach, and our analysis of asteroseismic characteristics and modelling of period spacings reveal the mode trapping due to compositional changes near the core. Our research explores various parameters related to period spacings across different stages of helium burning and suggests that using the distance parameter, which represents the average distances between deep trapped modes during the second stage of sdB evolutionary models, is a viable approach for describing the core helium-burning phase.
Towards a 2-in-1 Photocatalyst Based on a Ruthenium-Coordinated Nanographene
Creators: name: Drummer, Matthew C
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: The Sun illuminates our planet’s surface with more energy in one hour than the energy we consume globally in one year. Plants have evolved to absorb this abundant solar energy to produce fuels (carbohydrates) and oxygen (as a side product). Chemists now seek to mimic nature by creating efficient photocatalysts (PCs) that can absorb light in the solar spectrum to photochemically reduce CO2 and oxidize H2O, producing fuels and other value-added chemicals. To design such PCs, a deep understanding of their molecular photophysics is necessary. With optical transient absorption spectroscopy, one can observe the evolution of a system’s photophysical dynamics in real time. Using such time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, we can observe the excited states of our systems from hundreds of femtoseconds out to several microseconds. We couple our experiments with DFT-based calculations which are used to predict these photophysical dynamics outside the lab. Employing these tools, the agreement between experimental and theoretical results is evaluated. Understanding excited state dynamics is key to designing better PCs for improved energy absorption and conversion, leading to improved catalytic efficiency. This thesis provides, in chronological order, our roadmap for developing a novel 2-in-1 PC based on a photocatalytic ruthenium polypyridyl unit coordinated to a nanographene photosensitizer. First, the body of recently published literature covering the photophysics of PAHs, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is reviewed. Second, experimental and computational work investigating GQD and GNR photophysics is discussed. Third, the photophysics of a model Ruthenium bipyrimidine complex is explored. Lastly, preliminary results on two 2-in-1 PCs are presented: Ru-tpy-flake and Ru-dqp-flake. The work presented in this thesis indicates the promising avenue of achieving efficient CO2 reduction photocatalysis using 2-in-1 PCs with light-harvesting nanographene ligands.
A new projection method for finding the closest point in the intersection of convex sets
Creators: name: Artacho, Francisco J. Aragón
name: Campoy, Rubén
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47H09, 47N10, 90C25

description: In this paper we present a new iterative projection method for finding the closest point in the intersection of convex sets to any arbitrary point in a Hilbert space. This method, termed AAMR for averaged alternating modified reflections, can be viewed as an adequate modification of the Douglas--Rachford method that yields a solution to the best approximation problem. Under a constraint qualification at the point of interest, we show strong convergence of the method. In fact, the so-called strong CHIP fully characterizes the convergence of the AAMR method for every point in the space. We report some promising numerical experiments where we compare the performance of AAMR against other projection methods for finding the closest point in the intersection of pairs of finite dimensional subspaces.
Degree growth of polynomial automorphisms and birational maps: some examples
Creators: name: Déserti, Julie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide the existence of new degree growths in the context of polynomial automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^k$: if $k$ is an integer $\geq 3$, then for any $\ell\leq \left[\frac{k-1}{2}\right]$ there exist polynomial automorphisms $f$ of $\mathbb{C}^k$ such that $\mathrm{deg}\, f^n\sim n^\ell$. We also give counter-examples in dimension $k\geq 3$ to some classical properties satisfied by polynomial automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^2$. We provide the existence of new degree growths in the context of birational maps of $\mathbb{P}^k_\mathbb{C}$: assume $k\geq 3$; forall $0\leq\ell\leq k$ there exist birational maps $ϕ$ of $\mathbb{P}^k_\mathbb{C}$ such that $\mathrm{deg}\, ϕ^n\sim n^\ell$.
A LIQUID CRYSTAL WORLD AT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
Creators: name: TODISCO, MARCO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: The conundrum of the Origin of Life has always fascinated humankind, given its intimate relation with a fundamental question such as {it ``where do we come from?"}. In order to answer this question, from centuries the scholars of the field have studied the conditions present in our Universe and on our planet at the age when Life emerged, and tested whether Life could raise in such a complex scenario. A general pathway has been defined to recapitulate the origin of Life from simple inorganic chemicals up to complex systems, and it inevitably passes through the so-called {it"RNA World"}; a stage on our Earth when Life consisted of long linear polymers of RNA both carrying genetic information and catalyzing their very own replication and supporting a primitive metabolism. Still, up to nowadays we lack a good explanation of how long biopolymers could have formed on the ancient Earth, given that RNA phosphodiester bonds are intrinsically unstable and that the most common models of non-enzymatic polymerization result in very short products. The necessity to define a complete pathway for the origin of Life has pushed us to develop a new model to drive the formation of a ribozyme, based on the self-assembly of nucleic acids molecules. Exploiting a wide set of tools belonging to the fields of molecular biology, chemistry and soft matter physics, in this work we show that the self-assembly and supramolecular ordering of nucleic acids is a phenomenon with deep roots in their very physicochemical properties, leading to the emergence of liquid crystal ordering in mixtures of nucleosides having different chemical modifications and polymerization state. The formation of long physical polymers with discontinuities or completely lacking a backbone, while still structured following Watson-Crick selectivity, raises questions on the origin of the famous double helix, which seems now to be found in the features of single nucleosides interactions. In this thesis the effect of supramolecular organization and symmetry breaking on short RNA oligomers and chemically activated nucleosides is described and characterized, showing that the chemical reactivity is altered favoring the formation of long linear polymers, and highlighting a new potential pathway for the Origin of Life.
Solutions of perturbed Hammerstein integral equations with applications
Creators: name: Cianciaruso, Filomena
name: Infante, Gennaro
name: Pietramala, Paolamaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 45G15 (Primary), 34B10, 34B18, 47H30 (Secondary)

description: By means of topological methods, we provide new results on the existence, non-existence, localization and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for systems of perturbed Hammerstein integral equations. In order to illustrate our theoretical results, we study some problems that occur in applied mathematics, namely models of chemical reactors, beams and thermostats. We also apply our theory in order to prove the existence of nontrivial radial solutions of systems of elliptic boundary value problems subject to nonlocal, nonlinear boundary conditions.
description: 39 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1408.0170
Stochastic kinetics reveal imperative role of anisotropic interfacial tension to determine morphology and evolution of nucleated droplets in nematogenic films
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Amit Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For isotropic fluids, classical nucleation theory predicts the nucleation rate, barrier height and critical droplet size by accounting for the competition between bulk energy and interfacial tension. The nucleation process in liquid crystals is less understood. We numerically investigate nucleation in monolayered nematogenic films using a mesoscopic framework, in particular, we study the mor- phology and kinetic pathway in spontaneous formation and growth of droplets of the stable phase in the metastable background. The parameter $κ$ that quantifies the anisotropic elastic energy plays a central role in determining the geometric structure of the droplets. Noncircular nematic droplets with homogeneous director orientation are nucleated in a background of supercooled isotropic phase for small $κ$. For large $κ$, noncircular droplets with integer topological charge, accompanied by a biaxial ring at the outer surface, are nucleated. The isotropic droplet shape in a superheated nematic background is found to depend on $κ$ in a similar way. Identical growth laws are found in the two cases, although an unusual two-stage mechanism is observed in the nucleation of isotropic droplets. Temporal distributions of successive events indicate the relevance of long-ranged elasticity-mediated interactions within the isotropic domains. Implications for a theoretical description of nucleation in anisotropic fluids are discussed.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures