cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Search for Flavor Changing Neutral Currents in $t\to H c, H\to ττ$ Decay at the LHC
Creators: name: Chen, Xin
name: Xia, Li-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prospects of searching for the flavor changing neutral current effect in the decay of $t\to H c, H\to ττ$ are investigated with the simulated $p-p$ collision data for the ATLAS detector at the LHC, where the Higgs mass is assumed to be 125~GeV. A fit based on the constraints from the Higgs mass and the tau decay kinematics is performed for each event, which improves significantly the Higgs and top mass reconstruction and helps the signal-background separation. Boosted Decision Trees discriminants are developed to achieve an optimal sensitivity of searching for the FCNC signal. An expected upper limit of the branching ratio $\mathcal{B}(t\to H c)$ at $95\%$ confidence level of 0.25\% is obtained with a data set of 100~fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV during the LHC Run-2 period.
description: revised, references added, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Revisiting N-CNN for Clinical Practice
Creators: name: Ferreira, Leonardo Antunes
name: Carlini, Lucas Pereira
name: Coutrin, Gabriel de Almeida Sá
name: Heideirich, Tatiany Marcondes
name: Barros, Marina Carvalho de Moraes
name: Guinsburg, Ruth
name: Thomaz, Carlos Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper revisits the Neonatal Convolutional Neural Network (N-CNN) by optimizing its hyperparameters and evaluating how they affect its classification metrics, explainability and reliability, discussing their potential impact in clinical practice. We have chosen hyperparameters that do not modify the original N-CNN architecture, but mainly modify its learning rate and training regularization. The optimization was done by evaluating the improvement in F1 Score for each hyperparameter individually, and the best hyperparameters were chosen to create a Tuned N-CNN. We also applied soft labels derived from the Neonatal Facial Coding System, proposing a novel approach for training facial expression classification models for neonatal pain assessment. Interestingly, while the Tuned N-CNN results point towards improvements in classification metrics and explainability, these improvements did not directly translate to calibration performance. We believe that such insights might have the potential to contribute to the development of more reliable pain evaluation tools for newborns, aiding healthcare professionals in delivering appropriate interventions and improving patient outcomes.
description: AICAI 2023 in conjuction with MICCAI
The Covering Radius and a Discrete Surface Area for Non-Hollow Simplices
Creators: name: Codenotti, Giulia
name: Santos, Francisco
name: Schymura, Matthias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Covering radius
subject: Discrete surface area
subject: Lattice polytopes
subject: Volume
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: We explore upper bounds on the covering radius of non-hollow lattice polytopes. In particular, we conjecture a general upper bound of d/2 in dimension d, achieved by the “standard terminal simplices” and direct sums of them. We prove this conjecture up to dimension three and show it to be equivalent to the conjecture of González-Merino and Schymura (Discrete Comput. Geom. 58(3), 663–685 (2017)) that the d-th covering minimum of the standard terminal n-simplex equals d/2, for every n≥d. We also show that these two conjectures would follow from a discrete analog for lattice simplices of Hadwiger’s formula bounding the covering radius of a convex body in terms of the ratio of surface area versus volume. To this end, we introduce a new notion of discrete surface area of non-hollow simplices. We prove our discrete analog in dimension two and give strong evidence for its validity in arbitrary dimension.
Unconventional electromagnetic mode in neutral Weyl Semimetals
Creators: name: Ferreiros, Yago
name: Cortijo, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study light propagation in a neutral Weyl semimetal with the Fermi level lying at the Weyl nodes in the weak self-interacting regime. The nontrivial topology induces a screening effect in one of the two transverse gauge fields, for which we find two branches of attenuated collective excitations. In addition to the known topologically gaped photon mode, a novel massless and slightly damped excitation appears. Strikingly, at low energies this new excitation has a linear dispersion and it propagates with the same velocity than the electrons, while at energies well above the electron-hole continuum threshold it behaves as a massive attenuated photon with velocity similar to the speed of light in the material. There is a crossover at certain momentum in the direction perpendicular to the separation of the Weyl nodes above which the novel gapless mode enters into an overdamped regime. Regarding the unscreened gauge field we show that it is also attenuated, which is a non-topological property shared by Dirac semimetals as well.
Diabetes & Dance: Empowering Patients Through Movement
Creators: name: Mathew, Maebelle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: One of the leading causes of death in the United States, an estimated 29 million Americans have diabetes, a chronic, often lifestyle related disease that affects weight as well as heart and kidney health. Beyond its extensive physiological consequences, diabetes patients often suffer from a lack of confidence, a distorted, often negative body image, as well as a host of consequences that contribute to high distress levels. As such, alternative modalities of treatment that address the psychological perceptions of diabetes patients rather than physiological effects, such as dance, may prove effective in aiding patients to better manage their diabetes. This pilot study attempts to address the relationship between patients who suffer from diabetes, a chronic illness, and an alternative mode of therapy, dance. Specifically, the study will focus on which particular styles of dance prove to be the most beneficial for management or empowerment for diabetes patients. The 8-week study consists of patients that volunteered to learn four different styles of dance. The study was preceded and followed by surveys, which include questions about social support, the participants’ personal ideas about dance experience and expression, and their diabetes-related distress and empowerment. In addition, observations of the participants mood and body language throughout the dance workshop were collected by the investigators. The four dance styles, Bollywood, Zumba, Modern and Latin, were each chosen in order to explore a range of emotions and internal modes of expression within the patients. The purpose of this survey and intervention-based study was to explore the effects of various styles of dance on empowerment levels as well as diabetes management efficacy for patients. The study aimed to understand how diabetes patients perceive and experience a variety of dance styles as well as establish a potential relationship between dance as an alternative mode of therapy and effective diabetes management.
Study protocol for a scoping review on interventions for quality of life in dementia
Creators: name: Akintola, Abi
name: achterberg, Wilco
name: Caljouw, Monique
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: This scoping review systematically maps the known literature about the non- pharmacological interventions to improve quality of life of persons with dementia that are living in long- term care with a view inventories, critically appraise and to identify the gaps in knowledge in this area.
Photoinduced Ultrafast Transition of the Local Correlated Structure in Chalcogenide Phase-Change Materials
Creators: name: Qi, Yingpeng
name: Chen, Nianke
name: Vasileiadis, Thomas
name: Zahn, Daniela
name: Seiler, Hélène
name: Li, Xianbin
name: Ernstorfer, Ralph
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anharmonic lattice dynamicsPhotoelectron diffraction
subject: Peierls transition
subject: Photoinduced effect
subject: Structural phase transition
subject: Density functional calculations
subject: Optical pumping
subject: Photoelectron diffraction
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Revealing the bonding and time-evolving atomic dynamics in functional materials with complex lattice structures can update the fundamental knowledge on rich physics therein, and also help to manipulate the material properties as desired. As the most prototypical chalcogenide phase change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 has been widely used in optical data storage and nonvolatile electric memory due to the fast switching speed and the low energy consumption. However, the basic understanding of the structural dynamics on the atomic scale is still not clear. Using femtosecond electron diffraction, structure factor calculation, and time-dependent density-functional theory molecular dynamic simulation, we reveal the photoinduced ultrafast transition of the local correlated structure in the averaged rocksalt phase of Ge2Sb2Te5. The randomly oriented Peierls distortion among unit cells in the averaged rocksalt phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 is termed as local correlated structures. The ultrafast suppression of the local Peierls distortions in the individual unit cell gives rise to a local structure change from the rhombohedral to the cubic geometry within ∼0.3 ps. In addition, the impact of the carrier relaxation and the large number of vacancies to the ultrafast structural response is quantified and discussed. Our Letter provides new microscopic insights into contributions of the local correlated structure to the transient structural and optical responses in phase change materials. Moreover, we stress the significance of femtosecond electron diffraction in revealing the local correlated structure in the subunit cell and the link between the local correlated structure and physical properties in functional materials with complex microstructures.
Using the dendro-climatological signal of urban trees as a measure of urbanization and urban heat island
Creators: name: Schneider, Christoph
name: Neuwirth, Burkhard
name: Schneider, Sebastian
name: Balanzategui, Daniel
name: Elsholz, Stefanie
name: Fenner, Daniel
name: Meier, Fred
name: Heinrich, Ingo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Urban climate
subject: Tree rings
subject: Berlin
subject: Urban trees
subject: Correlation analysis
subject: Urban growth
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Using dendroclimatological techniques this study investigates whether inner city tree-ring width (TRW) chronologies from eight tree species (ash, beech, fir, larch, lime, sessile and pedunculate oak, and pine) are suitable to examine the urban heat island of Berlin, Germany. Climate-growth relationships were analyzed for 18 sites along a gradient of increasing urbanization covering Berlin and surrounding rural areas. As a proxy for defining urban heat island intensities at each site, we applied urbanization parameters such as building fraction, impervious surfaces, and green areas. The response of TRW to monthly and seasonal air temperature, precipitation, aridity, and daily air-temperature ranges were used to identify climate-growth relationships. Trees from urban sites were found to be more sensitive to climate compared to trees in the surrounding hinterland. Ring width of the deciduous species, especially ash, beech, and oak, showed a high sensitivity to summer heat and drought at urban locations (summer signal), whereas conifer species were found suitable for the analysis of the urban heat island in late winter and early spring (winter signal). The summer and winter signals were strongest in tree-ring chronologies when the urban heat island intensities were based on an area of about 200 m to 3000 m centered over the tree locations, and thus reflect the urban climate at the scale of city quarters. For the summer signal, the sensitivity of deciduous tree species to climate increased with urbanity. These results indicate that urban trees can be used for climate response analyses and open new pathways to trace the evolution of urban climate change and more specifically the urban heat island, both in time and space.
Generalization of the Nested Wilson Loop Formalism in Topological Dirac Semimetals with Higher-order Fermi Arcs
Creators: name: Zeng, Hui
name: Duan, Wenhui
name: Huang, Huaqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the nested Wilson loop formalism, which has been playing an important role in the study of topological quadrupole insulators, to two-dimensional (2D) and 3D nonsymmorphic materials with higher-order topology. In particular, certain 3D Dirac semimetals exhibit 1D higher-order Fermi arc (HOFA) states localizing on hinges where two surfaces meet and connecting the projection of the bulk Dirac points. We discover that the generalized nested Berry phase (gNBP) derived from this formalism is the bulk topological indicator determining the existence/absence of HOFAs, revealing a direct bulk-hinge correspondence in 3D Dirac semimetals. Finally, we study the Dirac semimetals NaCuSe and KMgBi based on first-principles calculations and explicitly show that the change in gNBP adjacent to the Dirac point corresponds to the termination of HOFAs at the projection of Dirac points on the hinge. Our findings not only improve the understanding of the bulk-hinge correspondence in topological Dirac semimetals but also provide a general formalism for studying the higher-order topology in nonsymmorphic systems.
Spin-resolved Fermi surface of the localized ferromagnetic Heusler compound Cu$_2$MnAl measured with spin-polarized positron annihilation
Creators: name: Weber, Josef A.
name: Bauer, Andreas
name: Böni, Peter
name: Ceeh, Hubert
name: Dugdale, Stephen B.
name: Ernsting, David
name: Kreuzpaintner, Wolfgang
name: Leitner, Michael
name: Pfleiderer, Christian
name: Hugenschmidt, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determined the bulk electronic structure in the prototypical Heusler compound Cu$_2$MnAl by measuring the Angular Correlation of Annihilation Radiation (2D-ACAR) using spin-polarized positrons. To this end, a new algorithm for reconstructing 3D densities from projections is introduced that allows us to corroborate the excellent agreement between our electronic structure calculations and the experimental data. The contribution of each individual Fermi surface sheet to the magnetization was identified, and summed to a total spin magnetic moment of $3.6\,\pm\,0.5\,μ_B/\mathrm{f.u.}$.
Density-functional description of materials for topological qubits and superconducting spintronics
Creators: name: Rüßmann, Philipp
name: Silva, David Antognini
name: Hemmati, Mohammad
name: Klepetsanis, Ilias
name: Trauzettel, Björn
name: Mavropoulos, Phivos
name: Blügel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interfacing superconductors with magnetic or topological materials offers a playground where novel phenomena like topological superconductivity, Majorana zero modes, or superconducting spintronics are emerging. In this work, we discuss recent developments in the Kohn-Sham Bogoliubov-de Gennes method, which allows to perform material-specific simulations of complex superconducting heterostructures on the basis of density functional theory. As a model system we study magnetically-doped Pb. In our analysis we focus on the interplay of magnetism and superconductivity. This combination leads to Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) in-gap bound states at magnetic defects and the breakdown of superconductivity at larger impurity concentrations. Moreover, the influence of spin-orbit coupling and on orbital splitting of YSR states as well as the appearance of a triplet component in the order parameter is discussed. These effects can be exploited in S/F/S-type devices (S=superconductor, F=ferromagnet) in the field of superconducting spintronics.
NCCC Nurses' Perceptions on the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacologic Pain Interventions for Neonates
Creators: name: Burroughs, Abigail
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Aim: To investigate the perceptions of NCCC nurses at UNC Children’s Hospital regarding the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for neonatal pain in order to improve guidelines and direct future research.
Background: While guidelines support the use of non-pharmacologic pain interventions for painful or stressful procedures on neonates, the views of nurses regarding various non-pharmacologic interventions is not well researched. A review of the literature shows many studies that discuss the detrimental effects of unmanaged pain during the neonatal period and also shows a lack of guidelines that specifically recommend interventions for certain procedures.
Method: A quantitative, descriptive design was used with neonatal nurses (n=45) was used.
Findings: NCCC nurses generally perceive non-pharmacologic interventions to be effective at managing pain for neonates. Heel sticks and IV insertions were the most frequent procedures and combining multiple non-pharmacologic interventions were the most effective at managing pain from them. Findings show a further need for research into the effectiveness of specific interventions for certain procedures and most effective ways of integrating knowledge and skills relating to non-pharmacologic interventions in neonatal nurses.
Managing performance and winning trust: how World Bank staff shape recipient performance
Creators: name: Heinzel, Mirko
name: Liese, Andrea
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: World Bank
subject: International bureaucrats
subject: Recipient performance
subject: Enforcement
subject: Supervision
subject: Country experience
subject: Compliance
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: World Bank evaluations show that recipient performance varies substantially between different projects. Extant research has focused on country-level variables when explaining these variations. This article goes beyond country-level explanations and highlights the role of World Bank staff. We extend established arguments in the literature on compliance with the demands of International Organizations (IOs) and hypothesize that IO staff can shape recipient performance in three ways. First, recipient performance may be influenced by the quality of IO staff monitoring and supervision. Second, the leniency and stringency with which IO staff apply the aid agreement could improve recipient performance. Third, recipient performance may depend on whether IO staff can identify and mobilize supportive interlocutors through their networks in the recipient country. We test these arguments by linking a novel database on the tenure of World Bank task team leaders to projects evaluated between 1986 and 2020. The findings are consistent with the expectation that World Bank staff play an important role, but only in investment projects. There is substantial evidence that World Bank staff supervisory ability and country experience are linked to recipient performance in those projects. Less consistent evidence indicates that leniency could matter. These findings imply that World Bank staff play an important role in facilitating implementation of investment projects.
Overshoot during phenotypic switching of cancer cell populations
Creators: name: Sellerio, Alessandro L.
name: Ciusani, Emilio
name: Ben-Moshe, Noa Bossel
name: Coco, Stefania
name: Piccinini, Andrea
name: Myers, Christopher R.
name: Sethna, James P.
name: Giampietro, Costanza
name: Zapperi, Stefano
name: La Porta, Caterina A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of tumor cell populations is hotly debated: do populations derive hierarchically from a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), or are stochastic transitions that mutate differentiated cancer cells to CSCs important? Here we argue that regulation must also be important. We sort human melanoma cells using three distinct cancer stem cell (CSC) markers - CXCR6, CD271 and ABCG2 - and observe that the fraction of non-CSC-marked cells first overshoots to a higher level and then returns to the level of unsorted cells. This clearly indicates that the CSC population is homeostatically regulated. Combining experimental measurements with theoretical modeling and numerical simulations, we show that the population dynamics of cancer cells is associated with a complex miRNA network regulating the Wnt and PI3K pathways. Hence phenotypic switching is not stochastic, but is tightly regulated by the balance between positive and negative cells in the population. Reducing the fraction of CSCs below a threshold triggers massive phenotypic switching, suggesting that a therapeutic strategy based on CSC eradication is unlikely to succeed.
Dietary Patterns in Adolescent Obesity as Predictors of Long-Term Success Following an Intensive Inpatient Lifestyle Programme
Creators: name: Brauchmann, Jana
name: Bau, Anne-Madeleine
name: Mensink, Gert B. M.
name: Richter, Almut
name: Ernert, Andrea
name: Keller, Theresa
name: Wiegand, Susanna
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: childhood obesity
subject: pediatric obesity
subject: dietary pattern
subject: weight reduction
subject: inpatient rehabilitation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: (1) Background: Lifestyle interventions for adolescents with obesity show minor long-term effects on anthropometric parameters. The persistence of dietary changes after obesity inpatient rehabilitation has not been sufficiently investigated. (2) Objectives: To analyse dietary patterns in German adolescents with obesity as predictors of long-term success following an intensive inpatient lifestyle programme regarding food choices as well as body weight and comorbidities. (3) Methods: Food consumption data of 137 German adolescents with obesity aged 10-17 years were collected by a nutrition interview. Cluster analysis was used to group the participants according to their food consumption. Dietary patterns, changes in body weight and insulin resistance were compared over a 2-year-period. (4) Results: Three dietary patterns were identified. Big Eaters (n = 32) consume high amounts of total sugar and meat, Moderate Eaters (n = 66) have a diet comparable to the national average, and Snackers (n = 39) have a particularly high consumption of total sugar. Big Eaters and Snackers significantly reduced the consumption of total sugar. Among Moderate Eaters, no persistent changes were observed. (5) Conclusion: Weight reduction interventions can induce long-lasting changes in the diet of adolescents with obesity. Therefore, the success of a weight reduction intervention should not be determined by weight reduction only.
Observation of correlated spin-orbit order in a strongly anisotropic quantum wire system
Creators: name: Brand, C.
name: Pfnür, H.
name: Landolt, G.
name: Muff, S.
name: Dil, J. H.
name: Das, Tanmoy
name: Tegenkamp, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum wires with spin-orbit coupling provide a unique opportunity to simultaneously control the coupling strength and the screened Coulomb interactions where new exotic phases of matter can be explored. Here we report on the observation of an exotic spin-orbit density wave in Pb-atomic wires on Si(557) surfaces by mapping out the evolution of the modulated spin-texture at various conditions with spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The results are independently quantified by surface transport measurements. The spin polarization, coherence length, spin dephasing rate, and the associated quasiparticle gap decrease simultaneously as the screened Coulomb interaction decreases with increasing excess coverage, providing a new mechanism for generating and manipulating a spin-orbit entanglement effect via electronic interaction. Despite clear evidence of spontaneous spin-rotation symmetry breaking and modulation of spin-momentum structure as a function of excess coverage, the average spin-polarization over the Brillouin zone vanishes, indicating that time-reversal symmetry is intact as theoretically predicted.
Free volume under shear
Creators: name: Maiti, Moumita
name: Vinutha, H. A.
name: Sastry, Srikanth
name: Heussinger, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an athermal quasistatic simulation protocol, we study the distribution of free volumes in sheared hard-particle packings close to, but below, the random-close packing threshold. We show that under shear, and independent of volume fraction, the free volumes develop features similar to close-packed systems -- particles self-organize in a manner as to mimick the isotropically jammed state. We compare athermally sheared packings with thermalized packings and show that thermalization leads to an erasure of these structural features. The temporal evolution, in particular the opening-up and the closing of free-volume patches is associated with the single-particle dynamics, showing a crossover from ballistic to diffusive behavior.
Sequential directional deposition of one-sided (In,Ga)N shells on GaN nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy
Creators: name: van Treeck, David
name: Lähnemann, Jonas
name: Gao, Guanhui
name: Garrido, Sergio Fernández
name: Brandt, Oliver
name: Geelhaar, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Capitalizing on the directed nature of the atomic fluxes in molecular beam epitaxy, we propose and demonstrate the sequential directional deposition of lateral (In,Ga)N shells on GaN nanowires. In this approach, a sub-monolayer thickness of each constituent atomic species, i.e. Ga, In, and N, is deposited subsequently from the same direction by rotating the sample and operating the shutters accordingly. Using multiple iterations of this process, we achieve the growth of homogeneous shells on a single side facet of the nanowires. For higher In content and thus lattice mismatch, we observe a strain-induced bending of the nanowire heterostructures. The incorporation of In and the resulting emission spectra are systematically investigated as a function of both the growth temperature and the In/Ga flux ratio.
Exact results for ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories on compact toric manifolds and equivariant Donaldson invariants
Creators: name: Bershtein, Mikhail
name: Bonelli, Giulio
name: Ronzani, Massimiliano
name: Tanzini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a contour integral formula for the exact partition function of ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric $U(N)$ gauge theories on compact toric four-manifolds by means of supersymmetric localisation. We perform the explicit evaluation of the contour integral for $U(2)$ ${\cal N}=2$ theory on $\mathbb{P}^2$ for all instanton numbers. In the zero mass case, corresponding to the ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric gauge theory, we obtain the generating function of the Euler characteristics of instanton moduli spaces in terms of mock-modular forms. In the decoupling limit of infinite mass we find that the generating function of local and surface observables computes equivariant Donaldson invariants, thus proving in this case a long-standing conjecture by N. Nekrasov. In the case of vanishing first Chern class the resulting equivariant Donaldson polynomials are new.
description: 37 pages + Appendix, 8 figures. v3: accepted for publication on JHEP
The Autocrat and the Revolutionary: Catherine the Great, John Paul Jones, and the Enlightenment’s “Woman Question.”
Creators: name: Bell, Jacob
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: When Western audiences think about Russia today, images of the hyper-masculine Putin administration and its far-reaching power come to mind. In the eighteenth century, Westerners still viewed Russia as something pervasive and powerful, but all that power belonged to a woman who was both an autocrat and a revolutionary: Catherine the Great. Through art, architecture, fashion, dramatic literature, and memoir writing, Catherine complicated and constructed new understandings of femininity and womanhood, creating a space in Russia where women held greater intellectual freedom and opportunity than their Western counterparts. Intimidated by Catherine, British, French, and American diplomats, editors, and statesmen condemned the Russian Empress for taking their Enlightenment farther than they were willing to go and tried to undermine her influence by overemphasizing her sexuality. In the midst of this “debate,” a ten-year-old Russian girl, Katerina Stepanaova, accused ex-American admiral John Paul Jones, then serving in the Russian navy, of raping her. Katerina Stepanova’s story set the stage for a transnational scandal that highlighted the differences between the Western and Catherine’s Enlightenments.
Evidence for a re-entrant character of magnetism of sigma-phase Fe-Mo alloys: non-linear susceptibilities
Creators: name: Dubiel, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-linear ac magnetic susceptibility terms viz. quadratic, chi2, and cubic, chi3, were measured versus temperature and frequency for a series of the sigma-phase Fe(100-x)Mo(x) (47
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 22 references, 1 table
Classical information and collapse in Wigner's friend setups
Creators: name: Baumann, Veronika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The famous Wigner's friend experiment considers an observer -- the friend -- and a superobserver -- Wigner -- who treats the friend as a quantum system and her interaction with other quantum systems as unitary dynamics. This is at odds with the friend describing this interaction via collapse dynamics, if she interacts with the quantum system in a way that she would consider a measurement. These different descriptions constitute the Wigner's friend paradox. Extended Wigner's friend experiments combine the original thought experiment with non-locality setups. This allows for deriving local friendliness inequalities, similar to Bell's theorem, which can be violated for certain extended Wigner's friend scenarios. A Wigner's friend paradox and the violation of local friendliness inequalities require that no classical record exists, which reveals the result the friend observed during her measurement. Otherwise Wigner agrees with his friend's description and no local friendliness inequality can be violated. In this article, I introduce classical communication between Wigner and his friend and discuss its effects on the simple as well as extended Wigner's friend experiments. By controlling the properties of a (quasi) classical communication channel between Wigner and the friend one can regulate how much outcome information about the friend's measurement is revealed. This gives a smooth transition between the paradoxical description and the possibility of violating local friendliness inequalities, on the one hand, and the effectively collapsed case, on the other hand.
A homogeneous analysis of disks around brown dwarfs
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Joergens, V.
name: Bayo, A.
name: Nielbock, M.
name: Wang, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-analyzed the Herschel/PACS data of a sample of 55 brown dwarfs (BDs) and very low mass stars with spectral types ranging from M5.5 to L0. We investigated the dependence of disk structure on the mass of the central object in the substellar regime based on a homogeneous analysis of Herschel data from flux density measurements to spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling. A systematic comparison between the derived disk properties and those of sun-like stars shows that the disk flaring of BDs and very low mass stars is generally smaller than that of their higher mass counterparts, the disk mass is orders of magnitude lower than the typical value found in T Tauri stars, and the disk scale heights are comparable in both sun-like stars and BDs. We further divided our sample into an early-type brown dwarf (ETBD) group and a late-type brown dwarf (LTBD) group by using spectral type (=M8) as the border criterion. We systematically compared the modeling results from Bayesian analysis between these two groups, and found the trends of flaring index as a function of spectral type also present in the substellar regime. The spectral type independence of the scale height is also seen between high-mass and very low-mass BDs. However, both the ETBD and LTBD groups feature a similar median disk mass of 10^{-5}Msun and no clear trend is visible in the distribution, probably due to the uncertainty in translating the far-IR photometry into disk mass, the detection bias and the age difference among the sample. Unlike previous studies, our analysis is completely homogeneous in Herschel/PACS data reduction and modeling with a statistically significant sample. Therefore, we present evidence of stellar-mass-dependent disk structure down to the substellar mass regime, which is important for planet formation models. (Abridged Version)
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Future Self-Continuity and Health Behavior
Creators: name: Brotkin, Samuel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The current research expands the theory of future self-continuity, or perceived connection with
one's future self, by comparing each self-continuity component and assessing it in a novel
domain, health behavior. Future self-continuity is the theory that suggests that the degree to
which individuals feel connected to their future selves influence consequential behavior. This
research employed Hershfield’s (2011) composition of self-continuity: perceived future
vividness, similarity, and positivity (a measure comparable to future self-caring in the present
research). Study 1 demonstrated that future self-caring has the strongest associations with key
health behaviors relevant to mortality and morbidity (smoking, diet, physical activity, alcohol
consumption, and sleep). Studies 2 and 3 included a novel future self-caring manipulation task,
which indicated that future self-caring does not affect intentions and willingness to engage in
health behavior, but does influence temporal preferences for immediate pleasure versus long-term-
health. This research offers insights into the role of the self in determining health behavior,
and suggests new strategies that could be used to promote health behavior change.
Primer on Axion Physics
Creators: name: Yu, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the canonical axion potential, with an emphasis on the field theory underlying radial and angular modes of complex scalar fields. I present the explicit calculation of the instanton-induced breaking of the Goldstone field direction necessary to derive the canonical axion mass and decay constant relation. The primer is intended to serve an audience with elementary quantum field theory expertise.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure; invited contribution to Annalen der Physik
भारत में नागरिक स्वतंत्रता और मानवाधिकार: संस्थाओं एवं आयोगों का क्रमबद्ध अध्ययन
Creators: name: Pandey, Anurag
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Political science not elsewhere classified
Human rights and justice issues (excl. law)

description: प्रस्तुत शोध लेख भारत में दो सबसे अहम मुद्दों नागरिक अधिकारों और मानवाधिकार आंदोलनों के विश्लेषण का एक प्रयास है। भारत सबसे बड़े लोकतान्त्रिक देश के रूप में जाना जाता है और यहाँ का लगभग हर नागरिक किसी ना किसी रूप मे लोकतांत्रिक प्रक्रियाओं में अपनी भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करता है। भारत एक विविधताओं वाला देश माना जाता है, और भारतीय संविधान में इन विविधताओं को समायोजित करने के लिए कई प्रावधानों का उल्लेख किया गया है। यह लेख इन्हीं कुछ संस्थाओं एवं प्रक्रियाओं का क्रमबद्ध अध्ययन करता है।
Professional Obstacles to Anaesthesiology Practice in Punjab, Pakistan: Qualitative Study of Consultant Anaesthesiologists’ Perspectives
Creators: name: Shahbaz, Sumbal
name: Zakar, Rubeena
name: Fischer, Florian
name: Howard, Natasha
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: anaesthesia
subject: workforce challenges
subject: qualitative research
subject: Pakistan
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Limitations in the global anaesthesia workforce contribute to the emigration of skilled anaesthesiologists from lower-income to higher-income countries, jeopardizing workforce balance and patient outcomes in Pakistan. This study aimed to explore the challenges experienced by anaesthesiologists in Punjab, Pakistan's most populous province, and the potential changes to encourage their retention. We conducted a qualitative study, conducting semi-structured interviews with 25 purposively sampled consultant anaesthesiologists working in Punjab and analysing data thematically. Reported professional challenges and reasons consultant anaesthesiologists chose to work abroad differed between public and private sectors, each sector providing distinct challenges that compromised anaesthesia workforce numbers and quality. Key concerns were security, promotion/incentive structures, and gender inequalities in public hospitals versus inadequate salary and facilities, surgeon dependency, and the lack of out-of-theatre practice in private hospitals that minimized the scope and earnings of anaesthesiologists within Pakistan. Our findings help contextualise Pakistan's anaesthesia workforce crisis, indicating public-sector improvements could include increasing security in hospital premises, performance-based incentives, and qualification-dependent promotion, while private-sector improvements could include decreasing surgeon dependency, fixing salary percentages by surgical case, and encouraging direct patient-anaesthesiologist relationships. National and subnational interventions to promote anaesthesiology, along with public awareness campaigns, could additionally raise its profile and encourage retention.
New Work Poses New Challenges—The Importance of Work Design Competencies Revealed in Cluster Analysis
Creators: name: Niebuhr, Fiona
name: Steckhan, Greta M.
name: Voelter-Mahlknecht, Susanne
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: New Work
subject: occupational health
subject: work design competencies
subject: working from home
subject: work ability
subject: COVID-19
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The continuous transformation process in the world of work, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, is giving employees more scope to shape their own work. This scope can be experienced as a burden or as a resource for employees. Work design competencies (WDC) describe employees' experience of their scope for design. Our study draws on existing datasets based on two Germany-wide studies. We used hierarchical cluster analyses to examine patterns between WDC, the age of employees (range: 18-71 years), the amount of weekly work time working from home (WFH), and work ability. In total, the data of N = 1232 employees were analyzed, and 735 of them participated in Study 1. To test the validity of the clusters, we analyzed data from N = 497 employees in Study 2. In addition, a split-half validation was performed with the data from Study 1. In both studies, three clusters emerged that differed in age and work ability. The cluster with the highest mean of WDC comprised employees that were on average older and reported a higher mean of work ability. Regarding WFH, no clear patterns emerged. The results and further theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Overall, WDC appear to be relevant to work ability and, in a broader sense, to occupational health, and are related to sociodemographic factors such as age.
ADHD Interventions that can Serve as Alternatives or Supplemental to Medication
Creators: name: Steelman, Ashlyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins during childhood. Medication is currently the most common form of treatment for ADHD. Both stimulant and non-stimulant medications can be used to treat ADHD, but they both have side effects. The current review examines the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids, diet and nutrition and yoga as alternative interventions to medication for ADHD. A total of 15 studies were reviewed as five studies were reviewed for each intervention. The interventions of two studies were found to have significant positive effects on ADHD symptoms in support of using omega-3 fatty acids, and another two studies found significant results for changing diet and nutrition. All five studies reviewed on yoga were found to have significant positive effects on ADHD symptoms. Implications for schools and future directions are discussed.
Families in the COVID-19 pandemic: parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences—results of a representative survey in Germany
Creators: name: Calvano, Claudia
name: Engelke, Lara
name: Di Bella, Jessica
name: Kindermann, Jana
name: Renneberg, Babette
name: Winter, Sibylle M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: Parental stress
subject: Mental health
subject: Adverse childhood experiences
subject: Child maltreatment
subject: Child abuse
subject: Child neglect
subject: Domestic violence
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging, with parents having to meet various demands simultaneously. An increase in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been widely predicted, but empirical evidence is still scarce. This study aimed to (1) generate representative data on pandemic-related stress, parental stress, general stress, parental subjective and mental health, and the occurrence of ACEs; (2) identify risk factors for an increase in ACEs, and (3) provide qualitative data on parents’ experiences. A representative survey was conducted in Germany in August 2020 with 1024 parents of underage children (Mage = 41.70, 50.9% female). More than 50% of parents reported being stressed by social distancing and the closure of schools and childcare facilities. Parental stress increased significantly during the pandemic (d = 0.21). Subgroups of parents also reported very high levels of depressive symptoms (12.3%) and anxiety (9.7%). Up to one-third of the sample reported ACEs in the child’s lifetime. In this group, 29.1% reported an increase in children witnessing domestic violence during the pandemic, and 42.2% an increase verbal emotional abuse. These families were characterized by higher parental stress, job losses, and younger parent and child age. Positive aspects of the pandemic related primarily to personal or family life (e.g. slower pace of life, increase in family time). While some parents coped well, a particularly negative pattern was observed in a subgroup of families that experienced an increase in ACEs. Parental stress emerged as important target point for interventions addressing the negative sequelae of the pandemic.
Stratigraphic modeling of carbonate sediment dominated margins using fuzzy logic
Creators: name: Porter, Edwin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Previous attempts at modeling carbonate stratigraphy have proven difficult due to the complex nature of carbonate formation; unlike siliciclastics, carbonates are both physically and biologically facilitated, therefore requiring significantly more complex equations with no added promise of producing more realistic results (Nordlund, 1999).The application of fuzzy logic to carbonate stratigraphic modeling offers some promise by circumventing these equations with the utilization of fuzzy logic, which allows for the use of IF/THEN statements in conjunction with the concept of computing with partial truths and therefore facilitates the use of less complete data sets and equations. I attempted to adapt the siliciclastic stratigraphy modeling software FuzzyPEACH (Warren, 2006) to instead produce carbonate stratigraphy, which I called FuzzyLIME. Whereas FuzzyPEACH requires only depth as a model input, I introduced temperature (another significant control on carbonate formation) as a second input variable. Additionally, I changed the structure of the model from a river channel and delta to a carbonate ramp system. I showed that while fuzzy logic continues to hold promise for stratigraphic modeling of carbonates, FuzzyLIME fails to accurately reproduce carbonate stratigraphy in all cases, and that there is too much variation between siliciclastic and carbonate systems to allow for simply altering one model for another.  Therefore, better practice is to construct a new model, optimized for carbonates, from the ground up.