cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Историко-экологический анализ распространения млекопитающих юга Европейской России по материалам Генерального межевания
Creators: name: В. Ю. Румянцев
name: Д. А. Хитров
name: А. А. Голубинский
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2018
Subjects: юг Европейской России
Генеральное межевание
Экономические примечания
фауна млекопитающих
исторические изменения размещения

description: Неизменный интерес специалистов привлекают исторические изменения в размещении животных на Европейской территории России. Данные, содержащиеся в Экономических примечаниях к Генеральному межеванию Российской Империи (рубеж XVIII-XIX вв.) в этом плане имеют очень большое значение. В статье приведены результаты анализа данных о фауне млекопитающих южных губерний Европейской России, содержащихся в выборке из Экономических примечаний к Генеральному межеванию, охватывающей 15 губерний, 102 уезда, 1150 дач. Встречено 2395 упоминаний зверей (22 названия – предположительно), 25 видов, 11 семейств, 5 отрядов). Для отдельных видов, наиболее значимых и характерных для исследуемой территории, проведено сравнение с современным положением, основанное на известных данных об исторических изменениях экологической ситуации на этой территории.
Sharp weighted Sobolev trace inequalities and fractional powers of the Laplacian
Creators: name: Case, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish a family of sharp Sobolev trace inequalities involving the $W^{k,2}(\mathbb{R}_+^{n+1},y^a)$-norm. These inequalities are closely related to the realization of fractional powers of the Laplacian on $\mathbb{R}^n=\partial\mathbb{R}_+^{n+1}$ as generalized Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators associated to powers of the weighted Laplacian in upper half space, generalizing observations of Caffarelli--Silvestre and of Yang.
description: Corrected proof of Lemma 2.4; 26 pages
title: Προσρόφηση χαλκού με βιο-εξανθρακώματα πορτοκαλιού και καφέ σε πειράματα με στήλες
Creators: name: Ζωγραφος Αλεξανδρος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετήθηκε η προσρόφηση Cu(II) από υδατικό διάλυμα με χρήση αγρο-βιομηχανικών αποβλήτων και συγκεκριμένα υπολείμματα πορτοκαλιού και καφέ. Τα υλικά αυτά, μελετήθηκαν αφού μετατράπηκαν σε βιο-εξανθρακώματα με την διεργασία της πυρόλυσης στους 400˚C και 600˚C. Τα προϊόντα  της πυρόλυσης ενεργοποιήθηκαν με την προσθήκη ZnCl2 στην θερμοκρασία των 800˚C. Τα 8 υλικά που προέκυψαν χαρακτηρίστηκαν ως προς την υγρασία, την πτητική ύλη, την τέφρα, την  ειδική επιφάνεια, την δομή τους και την δομή της επιφάνειας τους με αναλύσεις BET, SEM-EDS και FTIR. Στην συνέχεια τα υλικά αυτά χρησιμοποιήθηκαν σε πειράματα προσρόφησης τόσο διαλείποντος έργου (batch) όπου εξετάστηκε η επίδραση του pH, του χρόνου επαφής (κινητικής) και της δόσης του προσροφητή, όσο και με τη χρήση στηλών όπου μελετήθηκε η επίδραση του ύψους στρώματος και η αλλαγή της αρχικής συγκέντρωσης. Επίσης για τα πειράματα στηλών εκπονήθηκε μοντελοποίηση   με την χρήση των μοντέλων Thomas, Adam-Bohart και Yoon Nelson. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν βρέθηκε πως η προσρόφηση Cu(II) επηρεάζεται από τις παραμέτρους που μελετήθηκαν. Παρατηρήθηκε πως τόσο στα πειράματα batch  όσο και στα πειράματα στηλών, το ενεργοποιημένο βιο-εξανθράκωμα του πορτοκαλιού στους 400˚C παρουσίασε την καλύτερη προσροφητική ικανότητα μεταξύ των υπολοίπων υλικών. Στα πειράματα batch  βρέθηκε πως για pH 6 το συγκεκριμένο υλικό είχε  μεγαλύτερη απομάκρυνση Cu(II) συγκριτικά με το pH 4. Εξετάζοντας τα πειράματα στηλών βρέθηκε πως με την αύξηση του ύψους στρώματος από 5 σε 8 εκατοστά, τα υλικά παρουσίαζαν μεγαλύτερη προσροφητική ικανότητα. Τέλος, το μοντέλο που βρέθηκε να περιγράφει ιδανικότερα το πείραμα με στήλες ήταν αυτό του Yoon Nelson για το ενεργοποιημένο βιο-εξανθράκωμα του πορτοκαλιού των 400˚C. Μελετώντας τα αποτελέσματα, αποδεικνύεται πως τα υπολείμματα πορτοκαλιού είναι αποδοτικότερα υλικά προς απομάκρυνση χαλκού συγκριτικά με τα υπολείμματα καφέ.
Modelling the Evaporation of Non-singular Black Holes
Creators: name: Taves, Tim
name: Kunstatter, Gabor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for studying the formation and evaporation of non-singular (quantum corrected) black holes. The model is based on a generalized form of the dimensionally reduced, spherically symmetric Einstein--Hilbert action and includes a suitably generalized Polyakov action to provide a mechanism for radiation back-reaction. The equations of motion describing self-gravitating scalar field collapse are derived in local form both in null co--ordinates and in Painleve--Gullstrand (flat slice) co--ordinates. They provide the starting point for numerical studies of complete spacetimes containing dynamical horizons that bound a compact trapped region. Such spacetimes have been proposed in the past as solutions to the information loss problem because they possess neither an event horizon nor a singularity. Since the equations of motion in our model are derived from a diffeomorphism invariant action they preserve the constraint algebra and the resulting energy momentum tensor is manifestly conserved.
description: 14 pages, 0 figures, references and acknowledgements added, final version to appear in PRD
Исследование морфологических и морфометрических особенностей берегов Цимлянского водохранилища с использованием беспилотных летательных аппаратов и ГИС-технологий
Creators: name: А. Е. Косолапов
name: Г. И. Скрипка
name: Л. А. Беспалова
name: О. В. Ивлиева
name: А. А. Филатов
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2018
Subjects: морфологические и морфометрические характеристики
типы берегов
абразионные
оползневые процессы
беспилотный летательный аппарат (БЛА)
Цимлянское водохранилище

description: Предложена новая оригинальная методика мониторинга морфологических и морфометрических характеристик берегов различных типов берегов водохранилищ с использованием беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БЛА) и инструментария программы Agisoftphotoscan. Использование методики продемонстрировано на примере побережий Цимлянского водохранилища. Установлены оптимальные параметры БЛА для наблюдения за береговыми процессами на абразионных, оползневых и аккумулятивных типах берегов.
Subclass-restricted IgG polyclonal antibody production in mice injected with lipid A-rich lipopolysaccharides
Creators: name: Izui, S.
name: Dixon, F. J.
name: Eisenberg, R. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1981

description: The effects of five distinct bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the induction of polyclonal IgM and IgG antibodies, including polyclonal autoantibody formation, were investigated in several strains of mice. Injections of most LPS preparations that contained polysaccharide transiently induced only IgM polyclonal antibodies. However, LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (R595 LPS), which had a particularly high content of lipid A but lacked O-antigen polysaccharide, induced a markedly prolonged IgM and IgG polyclonal antibody response in mice, including athymic nude mice, but not in LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. Polyclonal IgM and IgG production peaked in sera on day 8 and day 15, respectively, and remained higher than control values 2 mo after the injection. The IgG induced by R595 LPS was strictly restricted to IgG2b and Igg3 subclasses in normal mice. In contrast, in athymic nude mice which have normally lower levels of IgG1 and IgG2a than normal mice, R595 LPS stimulated the production of all the IgG subclasses and reconstituted serum levels of IgG1 and IgG2a up to, but not higher than, control values of normal mice. These findings suggest that different mechanisms regulate production of each IgG subclass after stimulation with LPS.
Trauma and racial discrimination: Examining their association with marijuana behaviors among black young adults
Creators: name: Rowe, Alia T
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Clinical psychology

description: Marijuana use has been shown to increase and peak during young adulthood (i.e., ages 18-35). However, it appears that Black individuals do not decline in use at rates similar to other race groups. Marijuana use among Black adults has been linked to more problems such as increased arrests, greater mental health disorder diagnoses, and substance dependence. The biopsychosocial model of racism and race-based theoretical framework aims to understand how factors such as racial discrimination as a traumatic event could be associated with marijuana behaviors, particularly among Black adults. The present study aims to examine the association between racial discrimination and marijuana use and problem use above and beyond trauma exposure. Further, I aimed to explore whether gender or vocation (college, community, and military) moderated the relationships. 391 Black adults (57.5% female; mean age 24.9) completed measures on marijuana use and problems, trauma exposure, and racial discrimination distress. Hierarchical linear regression and Hayes PROCESS macro were used to evaluate the study aims. Racial discrimination distress was associated with marijuana use above and beyond trauma exposure (DR2=.016, p=.004). However, racial discrimination distress did not add significant variance within the model for problem marijuana use (DR2=.001, p=.419). Additionally, moderation by gender and vocation were not supported in either model. Taken together, the present results support that examining psychological and health outcomes among Black young adults should include an evaluation of racial discrimination distress. Further, future studies should continue to evaluate sociodemographic factors in larger more representative community-based studies to better understand potential variation in risk among Black young adults.
Аккумуляция тяжелых металлов разнотравной степной растительностью по данным многолетнего мониторинга
Creators: name: Т. М. Минкина
name: С. С. Манджиева
name: В. А. Чаплыгин
name:  О. Г. Назаренко
name: А. Ю. Максимов
name:  И. В. Замулина
name: М. В. Бурачевская
name: С. Н. Сушкова
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2018
Subjects: микроэлементы
надземная и корневая части растений
почва
загрязнение
накопление
аэрозольные выбросы

description: Степи Северного Приазовья являются исключительно благоприятным для ведения сельского хозяйства регионом, что выводит проблему выращивания экологически чистой продукции в условиях техногенного загрязнения на первый план. Исследовано воздействие аэротехногенных выбросов на накопление тяжелых металлов (ТМ) в черноземе обыкновенном, лугово-черноземной и аллювиальной почвах и растениях степной зоны: мятлика лугового (Poa pratensis L.) и пырея ползучего (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski.) семейства злаковые (Poaceae) и тысячелистника благородного (Achillea nobilis L.) и полыни австрийской (Artemisia austriaca Jack.) семейства астровые (Asteraceae) на основе данных 17-летних мониторинговых исследований. Установлена аккумуляция Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr и Ni в почвах и растениях под влиянием выбросов ГРЭС. В загрязненных почвах доля непрочно связанных соединений ТМ составляет 28-52% от их валового содержания. На площадках мониторинга с наибольшей техногенной нагрузкой содержание Pb, Cd, Cr и Ni в исследуемых растениях превышает максимально допустимый уровень для кормов. Выявлено, что накопление ТМ в надземной части и корневой системе растений зависит от количества загрязняющих веществ и биологических особенностей видов растений. Виды растений семейства злаковых накапливают в надземной части меньше микроэлементов, чем семейства астровые.
Ботаническое разнообразие равнинных степей Сухэ-Баторского и Дорноговь аймаков (Восточная Монголия)
Creators: name: И. М. Микляева
name: Д. С. Белявский
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2018
Subjects: равнинные степи
таксономическое разнообразие
синтаксономическое разнообразие
косвенный показатель условий увлажнения

description: Рассматривается ботаническое разнообразие равнинных степей Сухэ-Баторского и Дорноговь аймаков (Восточная Монголия) на видовом и ценотическом уровнях на основе экологофлористической классификации. Таксономическое разнообразие высших сосудистых растений равнинных степей обследованной территории представлено 35 семействами, 104 родами и 169 видами, что составляет от флоры Восточной Монголии 51% семейств, 36% родов и 25%видов. В зависимости от особенностей зонального распространения виды растений распределены по эколого-ценотическим группам: 37% от общего числа входят в группу сухостепных, 25% – в группу лугостепных-сухостепных, 15% – сухостепныхопустыненностепных, 16% – сухостепных-пустынных, 7% – в группу с широким распространением. Синтаксономическое разнообразие равнинных степей обследованной территории Восточной Монголии установлено при обработке геоботанических описаний методом БраунБланке. Оно представлено одним классом, тремя союзами и восемью ассоциациями, отражающими особенности растительности плакоров. Выделенные ассоциации различаются разнообразием видов высших сосудистых растений, родов и семейств, видовой насыщенностью, высотой и сомкнутостью травостоев, положением в рельефе. Разработан косвенный показатель условий увлажнения ассоциаций, выраженный соотношением видов растений, которые занимают крайние по градиенту увлажнения местообитания – доли видов, встречающихся в сообществах опустыненных степей и пустынь, к доле видов, встречающихся в лугостепных сообществах. В соответствии с величиной косвенного показателя проведено уточнение подзональной принадлежности ассоциаций.
Filaments of crime: Informing policing via thresholded ridge estimation
Creators: name: Moews, Ben
name: Argueta, Jaime R.
name: Gieschen, Antonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G07, 62H11, 62P25

description: Objectives: We introduce a new method for reducing crime in hot spots and across cities through ridge estimation. In doing so, our goal is to explore the application of density ridges to hot spots and patrol optimization, and to contribute to the policing literature in police patrolling and crime reduction strategies. Methods: We make use of the subspace-constrained mean shift algorithm, a recently introduced approach for ridge estimation further developed in cosmology, which we modify and extend for geospatial datasets and hot spot analysis. Our experiments extract density ridges of Part I crime incidents from the City of Chicago during the year 2018 and early 2019 to demonstrate the application to current data. Results: Our results demonstrate nonlinear mode-following ridges in agreement with broader kernel density estimates. Using early 2019 incidents with predictive ridges extracted from 2018 data, we create multi-run confidence intervals and show that our patrol templates cover around 94% of incidents for 0.1-mile envelopes around ridges, quickly rising to near-complete coverage. We also develop and provide researchers, as well as practitioners, with a user-friendly and open-source software for fast geospatial density ridge estimation. Conclusions: We show that ridges following crime report densities can be used to enhance patrolling capabilities. Our empirical tests show the stability of ridges based on past data, offering an accessible way of identifying routes within hot spots instead of patrolling epicenters. We suggest further research into the application and efficacy of density ridges for patrolling.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Decision Support Systems
Virtual ergonomics of PPE systems – a standardization perspective
Creators: name: Bröde, Peter
name: Classen, Edith
name: Léonard, Jean
name: Heus, Ronald
name: Kuklane, Kalev
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: personal protective equipment
PPE
protective clothing
ergonomics
digital human model
simulation

description: EXCLI Journal; 22:Doc1129; ISSN 1611-2156
Synthesis of oligosaccharides to identify an immunologically active epitope against Candida auris infection
Creators: name: Singh, Rajat Kumar
name: Reuber, Emelie E.
name: Bruno, Mariolina
name: Netea, Mihai G.
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Candida auris
subject: oligosaccharides
subject: immunologically active epitope
subject: identification
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that represents a significant public health challenge as it can spread rapidly and result in high mortality rates. The mannans on the C. auris cell surface are potent immunogens and attractive targets for developing a glycoconjugate vaccine. We synthesized the oligosaccharides resembling cell surface mannans of C. auris and printed them onto microarray slides that were used to screen plasma from mice infected with C. auris. IgM antibodies in mouse plasma recognize the β-1,2 linkage present in C. auris surface mannans. Disaccharide 19 emerged from glycan array screening as a lead for developing a vaccine against C. auris, as the majority of patient plasma samples showed antibodies against this glycan. The synthetic oligosaccharides can be used for the early detection of C. auris infections.
Ferromagnetic resonance in $ε$-Co magnetic composites
Creators: name: Chalapat, Khattiya
name: Timonen, Jaakko V. I.
name: Huuppola, Maija
name: Koponen, Lari
name: Johans, Christoffer
name: Ras, Robin H. A.
name: Ikkala, Olli
name: Oksanen, Markku A.
name: Seppälä, Eira
name: Paraoanu, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electromagnetic properties of assemblies of nanoscale $ε$-cobalt crystals with size range between 5 nm to 35 nm, embedded in a polystyrene (PS) matrix, at microwave (1-12 GHz) frequencies. We investigate the samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, demonstrating that the particles aggregate and form chains and clusters. By using a broadband coaxial-line method, we extract the magnetic permeability in the frequency range from 1 to 12 GHz, and we study the shift of the ferromagnetic resonance with respect to an externally applied magnetic field. We find that the zero-magnetic field ferromagnetic resonant peak shifts towards higher frequencies at finite magnetic fields, and the magnitude of complex permeability is reduced. At fields larger than 2.5 kOe the resonant frequency changes linearly with the applied magnetic field, demonstrating the transition to a state in which the nanoparticles become dynamically decoupled. In this regime, the particles inside clusters can be treated as non-interacting, and the peak position can be predicted from Kittel's ferromagnetic resonance theory for non-interacting uniaxial spherical particles combined with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. In contrast, at low magnetic fields this magnetic order breaks down and the resonant frequency in zero magnetic field reaches a saturation value reflecting the interparticle interactions as resulting from aggregation. Our results show that the electromagnetic properties of these composite materials can be tuned by external magnetic fields and by changes in the aggregation structure.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Stratiform Host-Rock Replacement via Self-Sustaining Reactions in a Clastic-Dominated (CD-type) Zn Deposit
Creators: name: Magnall, Joseph M.
name: Wirth, Richard
name: Hayward, Nicholas
name: Gleeson, Sarah A.
name: Schreiber, Anja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Stratiform Host-Rock Replacement
subject: Self-Sustaining Reactions
subject: Clastic-Dominated (CD-type) Zn Deposit
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Stratiform to stratabound replacement of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate host rock is a defining characteristic of many sediment-hosted base metal deposits. Mineralized rocks in clastic-dominated (CD-type) Zn-Pb ore deposits, which represent our highest value base metal resources, are generally thin (101 m), laterally extensive (103 m), and stratiform to stratabound in fine-grained siltstone and mudstone facies. At the recently discovered Teena CD-type Zn-Pb deposit (Proterozoic Carpentaria province, Australia), the host rock was undergoing burial diagenesis when altered and mineralized by hydrothermal fluids that moved up to 2 km lateral to the fluid input conduit (growth fault) through intraformational intervals. In much of the deposit, carbonate dissolution was an important reaction permeability control, although significant amounts of mineralization also occur in carbonate-free siliciclastic beds. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data has been generated on a drill core sample that preserves a sharp reaction front between mineralized and unmineralized domains of the fine-grained siliciclastic compositional end member (carbonate free). Petrographic and mineralogical data provide evidence that oxidized hydrothermal fluids moved through the protolith via reaction permeability that developed from feldspar dissolution. The nature of reactive fluid flow was determined by reactions that took place at the fluid-mineral interface. Pyrite formation during the earliest stage of the hydrothermal paragenesis increased the mineral reactive surface area in the protolith. Acidity was then generated in situ via self-sustaining reactions involving pyrite oxidation, transient Fe sulfate formation, and sphalerite precipitation, which provided positive feedbacks to enhance porosity creation and further fluid infiltration and mineralization. In the absence of carbonate, however, ore fluid pH was buffered by K-feldspar dissolution (~4.5), thereby ensuring sphalerite precipitation was not inhibited under more acidic conditions. All CD-type deposits in the Carpentaria province are hosted by a protolith comprising carbonate, K-feldspar, pyrite, and organic matter; these phases set the boundary conditions for the development of self-sustaining reactions during ore formation. Importantly, these self-sustaining reactions represent a Goldilocks zone for ore formation that is applicable to other sediment-hosted deposits that formed via replacement of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate host rocks (e.g., stratiform Cu).
Восстановление растительности на мелиорированных солонцовых почвах Приергенинской равнины (Республика Калмыкия)
Creators: name: Н. М. Новикова
name: М. В. Конюшкова
name: С. С. Уланова
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2018
Subjects: мелиорация
Прикаспийская низменность
солонцы
орошаемое лесоразведение с поливом
орошаемая пашня
растительные сообщества
видовое богатство
надземная фитомасса
засоление почв

description: Изучено современное постмелиоративное состояние растительности и почв на Приергенинской равнине (Северо-Западный Прикаспий, Калмыкия) после глубокой мелиоративной вспашки, оросительных мероприятий и лесоразведения, произведенных в 1950-60-е годы, и пребывания в залежном состоянии (орошение прекращено с 1971 года, периодическая распашка – с 1984 года). Под сохраняющимися лесонасаждениями и на залежных землях на месте ранее орошаемой пашни сформировался однородный почвенный покров, в котором практически трансформировались морфологические и физико-химические особенности исходных почв солонцового комплекса (солонцов и светло-каштановых солонцеватых почв). В почвенном профиле все еще выделяются пахотный (0-45 см) и подпахотный (50-60 см) горизонты, они рассолены, в них уменьшилось содержание обменного натрия. Все эти почвы относятся к одному типу агроземов текстурно-карбонатных глубокозасоленных. Посадки культурных древесных растений без полива погибли на 6-7 год. На участках, где в лесонасаждениях производился полив, деревья сохранились лишь частично, семенное возобновление отмечено только у лоха (Elaeagnus angustifolia), вяза мелколистного (Ulmus pumila), смородины золотистой (Ribes aureum) и порослевое – у груши (Pyrus communis). На выпадах древесных культур поселились кустарники, культивируемые в лесополосах, а также виды трав местной флоры, однако сообщества имеют большее видовое богатство и формируют большую надземную фитомассу по сравнению с окружающей целинной растительностью. Современный видовой состав и структура травяных растительных сообществ позволяют считать, что идет восстановительная сукцессия, cформировались сообщества, близкие по видовому составу естественным сообществам, приуроченным к каштановым почвам с господством полыни Лерха (Artemisia lerchiana), ромашника (Tanacetum achilleifolium) и злаков (Festuca valesiaca, Stipa lessingiana). На участках с мелиорацией без орошения восстановление ведет к формированию сообществ, близких по составу сообществам целинных солонцов.
ORCA-SPY enables killer whale sound source simulation, detection, classification and localization using an integrated deep learning-based segmentation
Creators: name: Hauer, Christopher
name: Nöth, Elmar
name: Barnhill, Alexander
name: Maier, Andreas
name: Guthunz, Julius
name: Hofer, Heribert
name: Cheng, Rachael Xi
name: Barth, Volker
name: Bergler, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine learning
subject: Marine biology
subject: Software
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Acoustic identification of vocalizing individuals opens up new and deeper insights into animal communications, such as individual-/group-specific dialects, turn-taking events, and dialogs. However, establishing an association between an individual animal and its emitted signal is usually non-trivial, especially for animals underwater. Consequently, a collection of marine species-, array-, and position-specific ground truth localization data is extremely challenging, which strongly limits possibilities to evaluate localization methods beforehand or at all. This study presents ORCA-SPY, a fully-automated sound source simulation, classification and localization framework for passive killer whale (Orcinus orca) acoustic monitoring that is embedded into PAMGuard, a widely used bioacoustic software toolkit. ORCA-SPY enables array- and position-specific multichannel audio stream generation to simulate real-world ground truth killer whale localization data and provides a hybrid sound source identification approach integrating ANIMAL-SPOT, a state-of-the-art deep learning-based orca detection network, followed by downstream Time-Difference-Of-Arrival localization. ORCA-SPY was evaluated on simulated multichannel underwater audio streams including various killer whale vocalization events within a large-scale experimental setup benefiting from previous real-world fieldwork experience. Across all 58,320 embedded vocalizing killer whale events, subject to various hydrophone array geometries, call types, distances, and noise conditions responsible for a signal-to-noise ratio varying from −14.2 dB to 3 dB, a detection rate of 94.0 % was achieved with an average localization error of 7.01∘. ORCA-SPY was field-tested on Lake Stechlin in Brandenburg Germany under laboratory conditions with a focus on localization. During the field test, 3889 localization events were observed with an average error of 29.19∘ and a median error of 17.54∘. ORCA-SPY was deployed successfully during the DeepAL fieldwork 2022 expedition (DLFW22) in Northern British Columbia, with a mean average error of 20.01∘ and a median error of 11.01∘ across 503 localization events. ORCA-SPY is an open-source and publicly available software framework, which can be adapted to various recording conditions as well as animal species.
title: Une séquence d'enseignement sur le développement durable et le recyclage avec une visée créative en ACM au cycle II
title: Une séquence d'enseignement sur le développement durable et le recyclage avec une visée créative en ACM au cycle II
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bordigoni, Candice
name: Retfalvi, Diana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Développement durable
subject: Éducation au développement durable
subject: Recyclage
subject: Créativité
subject: Activité créatrice
subject: Posture d’auteur

description: Dans le cadre notre travail de mémoire, nous avons testé les effets de la mise en place d’une séquence d’enseignement portant sur le développement durable, et sur le recyclage, dans une classe de 8H. Cette séquence est composée premièrement, d’une partie théorique sur le recyclage, dans laquelle nous avons travaillé avec les élèves sur le sujet de manière relativement théorique. Ensuite, lors de la deuxième partie de la leçon, les élèves ont dû réinvestir leurs connaissances acquises et entrer dans une posture d’auteur afin de concevoir et réaliser un bricolage sur la base d’objets recyclables. Ainsi, à l’aide de questionnaires que nous leur avons fait passer en début et en fin de séquence, nous avons analysé les effets de la mise en place d’une telle séquence sur leurs représentations initiales, concernant ce sujet. En effet, nous avons voulu tester si le recyclage a pris du sens pour eux et notamment si le fait d’insérer une partie dans laquelle les élèves devaient transformer eux-mêmes des matériaux récupérables, leur a permis de mieux assimiler l’acte de recycler.
A Dynamic Model for Double Bounded Time Series With Chaotic Driven Conditional Averages
Creators: name: Pumi, Guilherme
name: Prass, Taiane Schaedler
name: Souza, Rafael Rigão
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 37M10, 62M10, 62J12

description: In this work we introduce a class of dynamic models for time series taking values on the unit interval. The proposed model follows a generalized linear model approach where the random component, conditioned on the past information, follows a beta distribution, while the conditional mean specification may include covariates and also an extra additive term given by the iteration of a map that can present chaotic behavior. The resulting model is very flexible and its systematic component can accommodate short and long range dependence, periodic behavior, laminar phases, etc. We derive easily verifiable conditions for the stationarity of the proposed model, as well as conditions for the law of large numbers and a Birkhoff-type theorem to hold. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to assess the finite sample behavior of the partial maximum likelihood approach for parameter estimation in the proposed model. Finally, an application to the proportion of stored hydroelectrical energy in Southern Brazil is presented.
Планктонные и донные сообщества в соленых реках бассейна оз. Эльтон: статистический анализ зависимостей
Creators: name: Т. Д. Зинченко
name: В. К. Шитиков
name: Л. В. Головатюк
name: В. А. Гусаков
name: В. И. Лазарева
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2018
Subjects: соленые реки
зоопланктон
макрозообентос
мейобентос
структура сообществ
методы статистического анализа

description: Представлены результаты комплексных гидролого-гидрохимических и гидробиологических исследований 5 соленых рек аридного региона Приэльтонья. Установлено, что при взаимодействии планктонных и донных сообществ, а именно макрозообентоса, мейобентоса и зоопланктона, в видовой композиции сообществ имеется высокая доля смешанных, а по генезису «взаимопроникающих» экологических группировок. Планктонные и донные сообщества хорошо коррелируют между собой, что свидетельствует о тесной связи между ними, которая обусловлена биотическими взаимодействиями и согласованной реакцией на изменение факторов водной среды. Изучение структуры сообществ в условиях динамически неравновесной экосистемы высокоминерализованных рек выполняли с использованием современных методов статистического анализа: многомерная ординация и кластеризация, построение иерархических деревьев и моделей видового разнообразия, выделение индикаторных видов процедурой TWINSPAN, пространственная корреляция Мантеля и т.д. Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать планктонные и донные сообщества соленых рек как своеобразные консорциумы, структурные единицы экосистемы рек.
Microscopic Theory of Cation Exchange in CdSe Nanocrystals
Creators: name: Ott, Florian D.
name: Spiegel, Leo L.
name: Norris, David J.
name: Erwin, Steven C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although poorly understood, cation-exchange reactions are increasingly used to dope or transform colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots). We used density-functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to develop a microscopic theory that explains structural, optical, and electronic changes observed experimentally in Ag-cation-exchanged CdSe nanocrystals. We find that Coulomb interactions, both between ionized impurities and with the polarized nanocrystal surface, play a key role in cation exchange. Our theory also resolves several experimental puzzles related to photoluminescence and electrical behavior in CdSe nanocrystals doped with Ag.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Published in Physical Review Letters. Supplementary information is included as ancillary file. The movie can be downloaded from http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.156803
Five-flavor pentaquarks and other light- and heavy-flavor symmetry partners of the LHCb hidden-charm pentaquark
Creators: name: Peng, Fang-Zheng
name: Liu, Ming-Zhu
name: Pan, Ya-Wen
name: Sánchez, Mario Sánchez
name: Valderrama, Manuel Pavon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of three pentaquark peaks -- the $P_c(4312)$, $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ -- by the LHCb collaboration has a series of interesting consequences for hadron spectroscopy. If these hidden-charm objects are indeed hadronic molecules, as suspected, they will be constrained by heavy-flavor and SU(3)-flavor symmetries. The combination of these two symmetries will imply the existence of a series of five-flavor pentaquarks with quark content $\bar{b} c s d u$ and $b \bar{c} s d u$, that is, pentaquarks that contain each of the five quark flavors that hadronize. In addition, from SU(3)-flavor symmetry alone we expect the existence of light-flavor partners of the three $P_c$ pentaquarks with strangeness $S=-1$ and $S=-2$. The resulting structure for the molecular pentaquarks is analogous to the light-baryon octet -- we can label the pentaquarks as $P_{Q' \bar{Q}}^N$, $P_{Q' \bar{Q}}^Λ$, $P_{Q' \bar{Q}}^Σ$, $P_{Q' \bar{Q}}^Ξ$ depending on their heavy- and light-quark content (with $N$, $Λ$, $Σ$, $Ξ$ the member of the light-baryon octet to which the light-quark structure resembles and $Q'$, $\bar Q$ the heavy quark-antiquark pair). In total we predict $45$ new pentaquarks from heavy- and light-flavor symmetries alone, which extend up to $109$ undiscovered states if we also consider heavy-quark spin symmetry. If an isoquartet ($I={3/2}$) hidden-charm pentaquark is ever observed, this will in turn imply a second multiplet structure resembling the light-baryon decuplet: $P_{Q' \bar{Q}}^Δ$, $P_{Q' \bar{Q}}^{Σ^*}$, $P_{Q' \bar{Q}}^{Ξ^*}$, $P_{Q' \bar{Q}}^Ω$.
description: 13 pages, 4 tables, corresponds to published version
Растительность пустынь в исследованиях Лидии Яковлевны курочкиной (к 90-летию со дня рождения)
Creators: name: Л. А. Димеева
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2018
Subjects: пастбища
опустынивание
динамика растительности
картографирование

description: Лидия Яковлевна Курочкина – доктор биологических наук, профессор, выдающийся геоботаник, эколог, ботанико-географ, картограф Казахстана. Наибольшую известность получили труды Л.Я. Курочкиной по песчаным пустыням, пастбищам, картографированию, динамике растительности, проблемам опустынивания. Она является последователем теоретических разработок академика АН Казахстана Б.А. Быкова о доминантах растительного покрова, конассоциациях, классификации экосистем, структурно-функциональной организации растительных сообществ. Результаты ее трудов изложены в 250 статьях, 16 монографиях, многочисленных картографических материалах, составляющих достойное научное наследие Республики Казахстан. Лидия Яковлевна – постоянный автор журнала «Аридные экосистемы».
QPSK Waveform for MIMO Radar with Spectrum Sharing Constraints
Creators: name: Khawar, Awais
name: Abdelhadi, Ahmed
name: Clancy, T. Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a relatively new concept in the field of radar signal processing. Many novel MIMO radar waveforms have been developed by considering various performance metrics and constraints. In this paper, we show that finite alphabet constant-envelope (FACE) quadrature-pulse shift keying (QPSK) waveforms can be designed to realize a given covariance matrix by transforming a constrained nonlinear optimization problem into an unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem. In addition, we design QPSK waveforms in a way that they don't cause interference to a cellular system, by steering nulls towards a selected base station (BS). The BS is selected according to our algorithm which guarantees minimum degradation in radar performance due to null space projection (NSP) of radar waveforms. We design QPSK waveforms with spectrum sharing constraints for a stationary and moving radar platform. We show that the waveform designed for stationary MIMO radar matches the desired beampattern closely, when the number of BS antennas $N^{\text{BS}}$ is considerably less than the number of radar antennas $M$, due to quasi-static interference channel. However, for moving radar the difference between designed and desired waveforms is larger than stationary radar, due to rapidly changing channel.
description: submitted to IEEE Transactions. Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Style Transfer for Texts: Retrain, Report Errors, Compare with Rewrites
Creators: name: Tikhonov, Alexey
name: Shibaev, Viacheslav
name: Nagaev, Aleksander
name: Nugmanova, Aigul
name: Yamshchikov, Ivan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper shows that standard assessment methodology for style transfer has several significant problems. First, the standard metrics for style accuracy and semantics preservation vary significantly on different re-runs. Therefore one has to report error margins for the obtained results. Second, starting with certain values of bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) between input and output and accuracy of the sentiment transfer the optimization of these two standard metrics diverge from the intuitive goal of the style transfer task. Finally, due to the nature of the task itself, there is a specific dependence between these two metrics that could be easily manipulated. Under these circumstances, we suggest taking BLEU between input and human-written reformulations into consideration for benchmarks. We also propose three new architectures that outperform state of the art in terms of this metric.
Cross-continental evaluation of landscape-scale drivers and their impacts to fluvial fishes: Understanding frequency and severity to improve fish conservation in Europe and the United States
Creators: name: Üblacker, Maria M.
name: Infante, Dana M.
name: Cooper, Arthur R.
name: Daniel, Wesley M.
name: Schmutz, Stefan
name: Schinegger, Rafaela
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Aquatic landscape ecology
subject: Cross-continental analysis
subject: Fish metrics
subject: Freshwater ecoregions
subject: Freshwater ecosystems
subject: Human landscape stressors
subject: Riverine fish assemblages
subject: Thresholds
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Fluvial fishes are threatened globally from intensive human landscape stressors degrading aquatic ecosystems. However, impacts vary regionally, as stressors and natural environmental factors differ between ecoregions and continents. To date, a comparison of fish responses to landscape stressors over continents is lacking, limiting understanding of consistency of impacts and hampering efficiencies in conserving fishes over large regions. This study addresses these shortcomings through a novel, integrative assessment of fluvial fishes throughout Europe and the conterminous United States. Using large-scale datasets, including information on fish assemblages from more than 30,000 locations on both continents, we identified threshold responses of fishes summarized by functional traits to landscape stressors including agriculture, pasture, urban area, road crossings, and human population density. After summarizing stressors by catchment unit (local and network) and constraining analyses by stream size (creeks vs. rivers), we analyzed stressor frequency (number of significant thresholds) and stressor severity (value of identified thresholds) within ecoregions across Europe and the United States. We document hundreds of responses of fish metrics to multi-scale stressors in ecoregions across two continents, providing rich findings to aid in understanding and comparing threats to fishes across the study regions. Collectively, we found that lithophilic species and, as expected, intolerant species are most sensitive to stressors in both continents, while migratory and rheophilic species are similarly strongly affected in the United States. Also, urban land use and human population density were most frequently associated with declines in fish assemblages, underscoring the pervasiveness of these stressors in both continents. This study offers an unprecedented comparison of landscape stressor effects on fluvial fishes in a consistent and comparable manner, supporting conservation of freshwater habitats in both continents and worldwide.
Plexin-A4–semaphorin 3A signaling is required for Toll-like receptor– and sepsis-induced cytokine storm
Creators: name: Eun, So-Young
name: Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
name: Lei, Yu
name: Wen, Haitao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Plexin-A4 activity is essential for Toll-like receptor–induced signaling, cytokine production, and inflammation in mice.Plexins and semaphorins are ligand–receptor pairs that serve as guidance molecules in the nervous system and play some roles in immunity. Plexins are similar to the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in their evolutionary conservation from flies to mammals. By studying plexin-A4–deficient (Plxna4−/−) innate immune cells, in this study we show a novel influence of plexin-A4 on TLR signaling. Plxna4−/− cells exhibit defective inflammatory cytokine production upon activation by a spectrum of TLR agonists and bacteria. Plexin-A4 is required for TLR-induced activation of the small guanosine triphosphate hydrolase (GTPase) Rac1 (ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1). Rac1 activation is accompanied by JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and NF-κB activation, culminating in TLR-induced binding of NF-κB and AP-1 to the promoters of inflammatory cytokines. Plxna4−/− mice are remarkably resistant to TLR agonist–induced inflammation and polymicrobial peritonitis caused by cecal ligation and puncture. Administration of a ligand of plexin-A4, Sema3A (semaphorin 3A), exacerbates the cytokine storm caused by TLR agonists and bacterial sepsis. TLR engagement can induce Sema3A expression, thus completing an autocrine loop. These findings expand the role of plexins to TLR signaling and suggest plexin-A4 and Sema3A as new intervention points for treating sepsis.
Generalization of the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie optimization within the $\{β\}$-expansion and the Principle of Maximal Conformality
Creators: name: Kataev, A. L.
name: Mikhailov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss generalizations of the BLM optimization procedure for renormalization group invariant quantities. In this respect, we discuss in detail the features and construction of the $\{β\}$--expansion representation instead of the standard perturbative series with regards to the Adler $D$-function and Bjorken polarized sum rules obtained in order of ${\cal O}(α_s^4)$. Based on the $\{β\}$--expansion we analyse different schemes of optimization, including the corrected Principle of Maximal Conformality, numerically illustrating their results. We suggest our scheme for the series optimization and apply it to both the above quantities.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures, style of presentation and misprints are corrected, one ref. is added
SCALABLE - D6.2 Report on deployment of SCALABLE codes on peta-scale and pre-exascale systems [M18]
Creators: name: Riha, Lubomir
name: Vysocky, Ondrej
name: Vavrik, Radim
name: Badwaik, Jayesh
name: Holzer, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The goal of this deliverable is to report the status of work related to the efficient deployment of the SCALABLE codes on the peta-scale and the pre-exascale systems. The supercomputing centers IT4I and FZJ are continuously deploying the newly developed versions of WaLBerla and ProLB codes on their peta-scale systems throughout the lifetime of the project. They also provide support for optimal code and tool compilation including environment setup for (i) particular CPU architectures, (ii) GPU accelerators (as of now only Nvidia GPUs), (iii) network topology and communication libraries (MPI, UCX, GPU-Direct, etc.). This work is mainly needed by both WP2 and WP4. In addition, in collaboration with local infrastructure support teams, the IT4I team enables the hardware parameter tuning and energy consumption monitoring on their both major production systems (Barbora and newly also Karolina) which is essential for work in WP2. On the Karolina system, we are now able to tune both CPU and GPU parameters as well as measure their energy consumption. These features will be used in D2.3. As of now, WP6 secured access to 4 peta-scale systems, that are used by all WPs dealing with code development and optimization. These systems are: Barbora (IT4I), Karolina (IT4I), JUWELS Cluster (FZJ) and JUWELS Booster (FZJ). We have used several mechanisms including IT4I Open-access, PRACE Preparatory access, EuroHPC code development access and GCS Compute Access. Finally, there is only one EuroHPC pre-exascale machine that is partially available to the general public at the time of submission of this report. This is the LUMI machine and, the nonaccelerated LUMI-C partition to which access has been secured as well.
Glucose control: How low should you go with the critically ill?
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: For hyperglycemic patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), the target blood glucose level should be < or =180 mg/dL, not 81 to 108 mg/dL. More aggressive glucose lowering is associated with a higher mortality rate.