cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the indistinguishability of Chiral QED with parameter-free Faddeevian anomaly and QED under a chiral constraint
Creators: name: Rahaman, Anisur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out an investigation imposing a chiral constraint in the phase space of vector and axial-vector Schwinger model. We find that resulting model is identical to gauge non-invariant model which was obtained by the imposition of chiral constraint in the phase-space of in Chiral Schwinger model with the parameter-free Faddeevian anomaly. Three different models having different types of interaction between the matter and gauge field become indistinguishable under a chiral constraint at the quantum mechanical level. The resulting gauge non-invariant model has an equivalent gauge-invariant version in the same phase space that can be identified with the vector Schwinger model.
description: 10 pages latex
A unified Quasi-Spectral Viscosity (QSV) approach to shock capturing and large-eddy simulation
Creators: name: Sousa, Victor C. B.
name: Scalo, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Quasi-Spectral Viscosity (QSV) method is a novel closure for a high-order finite-difference discretization of the filtered compressible Navier-Stokes equations capable of unifying dynamic sub-filter scale (SFS) modeling and shock capturing under a single mathematical framework. Its innovation lies in the introduction of a physical-space implementation of a spectral-like SFS dissipation term by leveraging residuals of filter operations, achieving two goals: (1) estimating the energy of the resolved solution near the grid cutoff; (2) imposing a plateau-cusp shape to the spectral distribution of the added dissipation. The QSV approach has been tested in a variety of flows to showcase its capability to act interchangeably as: a shock capturing method, in the Shu-Osher, shock/vortex or shock/wall interactions problems; or as a SFS closure, in subsonic Taylor Green Vortex (TGV), and supersonic/hypersonic turbulent channel flows. QSV performs well compared to previous eddy-viscosity closures and shock capturing methods in such test cases. In a supersonic TGV flow, a case which exhibits shock/turbulence interactions, QSV alone outperforms the simple superposition of separate numerical treatments for SFS turbulence and shocks. QSV's combined capability of simulating shocks and turbulence independently, as well as simultaneously, effectively achieves the unification of shock capturing and Large-Eddy Simulation.
description: 22 Figures; Accepted by the Journal of Computational Physics
Grey-body Factors, Irreversibility and Multiple Island Saddles
Creators: name: Hollowood, Timothy J.
name: Kumar, S. Prem
name: Legramandi, Andrea
name: Talwar, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of grey-body factors on the entanglement island prescription for computing the entropy of an arbitrary subset of the Hawking radiation of an evaporating black hole. When there is a non-trivial grey-body factor, the modes reflected back into the black hole affect the position of the quantum extremal surfaces at a subleading level with respect to the scrambling time. The grey-body factor allows us to analyse the role of irreversibility in the evaporation. In particular, we show that irreversibility allows multiple saddles to dominate the entropy, rather than just two as expected on the basis of Page's theorem. We show that these multiple saddles can be derived from a generalization of Page's theorem that involves a nested temporal sequence of unitary averages. We then consider how irreversibility affects the monogamy entanglement problem.
description: 51 pages
Higher-order non-global logarithms from jet calculus
Creators: name: Banfi, Andrea
name: Dreyer, Frédéric A.
name: Monni, Pier Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-global QCD observables are characterised by a sensitivity to the full angular distribution of soft radiation emitted coherently in hard scattering processes. This complexity poses a challenge to their all-order resummation, that was formulated at the leading-logarithmic order about two decades ago. In this article we present a solution to the long-standing problem of their resummation beyond this order, and carry out the first complete next-to-leading logarithmic calculation for non-global observables. This is achieved by solving numerically the recently derived set of non-linear differential equations which describe the evolution of soft radiation in the planar, large-$N_c$ limit. As a case study we address the calculation of the transverse energy distribution in the interjet rapidity region in $e^+e^-\to$ dijet production. The calculation is performed by means of an algorithm that we formulate in the language of jet-calculus generating functionals, which also makes the resummation technique applicable to more general non-global problems, such as those that arise in hadronic collisions. We find that NLL corrections are substantial and their inclusion leads to a significant reduction of the perturbative scale uncertainties for these observables. The computer code used in the calculations is made publicly available.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures, code repository: https://github.com/non-global/gnole
Multiple low-energy excitons and optical response of $d^0$ double perovskite Ba$_2$ScTaO$_6$
Creators: name: Himanshu, A. K.
name: Kumar, Sujit
name: Dey, Urmimala
name: Ray, Rajyavardhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large bandgap insulators are considered promising for applications such as photocatalysts, dielectric resonators and interference filters. Based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance measurement and density functional theory, we report the crystal structure, optical response, and electronic properties of the synthesized $d^0$ double perovskite Ba$_2$ScTaO$_6$. In contrast to earlier prediction, the electronic bandgap is found to be large, $\sim 4.66$ eV. The optical response is characterized by the presence of multiple exciton modes extending up to the visible range. A detailed investigation of the direct gap excitons based on the Elliot formula is presented. Density functional theory based investigation of the electronic properties within generalized gradient approximation severely underestimates the electronic gap. To reach a quantitative agreement, we consider different available flavors of the modified-Becke-Johnson exchange-correlation potential and discuss their effects on the electronic and optical properties.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Comparing Apples with Apples: Statistically sound Detection Limits for Exoplanet High Contrast Imaging
Creators: name: Bonse, Markus
name: Garvin, Emily
name: Gebhard, Timothy
name: Dannert, Felix
name: Cugno, Gabriele
name: Quanz, Sascha Patrick
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 54 (5)
description: ISSN:0002-7537
description: AASTCS 9: Exoplanets IV Abstracts
Research Brief: Using Sensors and Automated Chlorination to Improve the Microbial Water Quality of On-Site Sewage Treatment Plants in Bengaluru
Creators: name: Reynaert, Eva
name: Nagappa, Deepthi
name: Morgenroth, Eberhard
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: More than 3,000 on-site sewage treatment plants (STPs) recycle water for landscaping and toilet flushing in Bengaluru. Microbial water quality is essential to protect user health, even for non-potable water reuse applications. However, there is lack of information on short-term variability of the microbial quality of the water. This research brief presents monitoring results from two on-site STPs in Bengaluru, and makes recommendations on how to optimize STP operation to ensure microbiologically safe water at all times.
New N=1 AdS$_4$ solutions of type IIB supergravity
Creators: name: Berman, David
name: Fischbacher, Thomas
name: Inverso, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct analytically a new family of supersymmetric AdS$_4$ solutions of IIB supergravity, with the internal space provided by a deformed $S^5\times S^1$. The solutions preserve N=1 supersymmetry and an SO(3) subgroup of isometries of $S^5$, which is broken to U(1) along a flat direction. They are further parametrised by a winding number and a choice of SL(2) duality twist along the circle in an elliptic conjugacy class, thus including both globally geometric and S-fold configurations. We identify these solutions by first constructing a new family of vacua of D=4, $U(4)\ltimes\mathbb{R}^{12}$ gauged maximal supergravity and use exceptional field theory to perform the uplift to ten dimensions. We discuss the relevance of D=5 Wilson loops associated to preserved and broken gauge symmetries in the construction of these classes of solutions.
description: 28 pages; v2: updated references and simplified expression of mass spectra, matches version to appear in JHEP
SPOKE 6 Project FORMIBABILÆ - D1.2 Territorial, organizational and energy factors in response to the implementation of new production systems
Creators: name: BERTOLINO, NADIA
name: Berizzi, Carlo
name: Anglani, Norma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Spoke 6 - Primary Agroindustry
subject: Formidabile Project
subject: ECS00000036
subject: Agriculture
subject: Sustainable agriculture

description: Territorial, organizational and energy factors in response to the implementation of new production systems- Graphic dataset drawing on selected case studies, to assess how these responded to the introduction and implementation of new production system.

 

This document is a deliverable of the project FORMIDABILÆ ("Forage system to make resilient Maize, Dairy and Biogas supply chains for a Lasting Agricultural Ecosystem"), which promotes approaches aimed at improving the smart, resilient, circular and diversified farm to ensure food security and social economic sustainability of dairy food chains with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in this sector. 

 

This document is part of the project NODES which has received funding from the MUR – Missione 4, Componente 2, Investimento 1.5 – Creazione e rafforzamento di “Ecosistemi dell’innovazione”, costruzione di “leader territoriali di R&S'' – del PNRR funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU with grant agreement no. ECS00000036
GraN-GAN: Piecewise Gradient Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Bhaskara, Vineeth S.
name: Aumentado-Armstrong, Tristan
name: Jepson, Allan
name: Levinshtein, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern generative adversarial networks (GANs) predominantly use piecewise linear activation functions in discriminators (or critics), including ReLU and LeakyReLU. Such models learn piecewise linear mappings, where each piece handles a subset of the input space, and the gradients per subset are piecewise constant. Under such a class of discriminator (or critic) functions, we present Gradient Normalization (GraN), a novel input-dependent normalization method, which guarantees a piecewise K-Lipschitz constraint in the input space. In contrast to spectral normalization, GraN does not constrain processing at the individual network layers, and, unlike gradient penalties, strictly enforces a piecewise Lipschitz constraint almost everywhere. Empirically, we demonstrate improved image generation performance across multiple datasets (incl. CIFAR-10/100, STL-10, LSUN bedrooms, and CelebA), GAN loss functions, and metrics. Further, we analyze altering the often untuned Lipschitz constant K in several standard GANs, not only attaining significant performance gains, but also finding connections between K and training dynamics, particularly in low-gradient loss plateaus, with the common Adam optimizer.
description: WACV 2022 Main Conference Paper (Submitted: 18 Aug 2021, Accepted: 4 Oct 2021)
Increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in metal oxides nanomaterial-handling workers
Creators: name: Saou-Hsing Liou
name: Chen, Yu-Cheng
name: Liao, Hui-Yi
name: Chien-Jen Wang
name: Jhih-Sheng Chen
name: Lee, Hui-Ling
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: This study assessed oxidatively damaged DNA and antioxidant enzyme activity in workers occupational exposure to metal oxides nanomaterials. Exposure to TiO2, SiO2, and ITO resulted in significant lower antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and higher oxidative biomarkers 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) than comparison workers. Statistically significant correlations were noted between plasma and urine 8-oxodG, between white blood cells (WBC) and urine 8-oxodG, and between WBC and plasma 8-oxodG. In addition, there were significant negative correlations between WBC 8-oxodG and SOD and between urinary 8-oxodG and GPx levels. The results showed that urinary 8-oxodG may be considered to be better biomarker.
Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces from pairing of emergent $j=3/2$ fermions on the pyrochlore lattice
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Shingo
name: Bhattacharya, Ankita
name: Timm, Carsten
name: Brydon, P. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the appearance of superconductivity in the strong-coupling limit of the Hubbard model on the pyrochlore lattice. We focus upon the limit of half filling, where the normal-state band structure realizes a $j=3/2$ semimetal. Introducing doping, we show that the pairing is favored in a $J=2$ quintet $E_g$ state. The attractive interaction in this channel relies on the fact that $E_g$ pairing on the pyrochlore lattice avoids the detrimental on-site repulsion. Our calculations show that a time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconducting phase is favored, which displays Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Extremal Instability for Topological Black Holes
Creators: name: McInnes, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial idea underlying the Weak Gravity Conjecture is that extremal black holes must always be "unstable", in the sense that they should slowly decay by emitting either particles or smaller black holes. Here we show that, when this idea is applied to the \emph{planar} asymptotically AdS black holes which play a central role in applications of holography, the result, via gauge-gravity duality, is a prediction that there should exist a lower bound on the possible densities of cold strongly coupled matter. Recent observations of neutron stars suggest that, in many cases, even the extreme densities in their cores may not be sufficient to generate quark matter, showing that there is indeed a (very high) lower bound on the possible density of cold quark matter.
description: 17 pages, no figures; version to appear in Nuclear Physics B
The B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study (BEAST): New Wide Orbit Companions
Creators: name: Meyer, Michael
name: Janson, Markus
name: Gratton, Raffaele
name: Vigan, Arthur
name: Bonnefoy, Mickaël
name: Mamajek, Eric
name: Reffert, Sabine
name: Marleau, Gabriel-Dominik
name: Langlois, Maud
name: Chauvin, Gaël
name: Ringqvist, Simon
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Viswanath, Gayathri
name: Squicciarini, Vito
name: Samland, Matthias
name: Helled, Ravit
name: Kenworthy, Matthew
name: Quanz, Sascha Patrick
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Engler, Natalia
name: Dorazo, Valentina
name: Meeus, Gwendolyn
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 54 (6)
description: ISSN:0002-7537
description: AAS240 Abstracts
Revealing the Atmosphere of a Planetary Mass Companion
Creators: name: Adams, Arthur
name: Meyer, Michael
name: Batalha, Natasha
name: Burningham, Ben
name: Daemgen, Sebastien
name: Fortney, Jonathan
name: Line, Michael
name: Marley, Mark
name: Todorov, Kamen
name: Quanz, Sascha Patrick
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 54 (6)
description: ISSN:0002-7537
description: AAS240 Abstracts
Supplemented material to "Impact of Titanium on the Catalytic Activity of Zn-BDC and Cu-BDC Thin Films in the Photoreduction of CO₂"
Creators: name: Espinoza–Tapia, Julio César
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This is the supplementary material to the publication “Impact of Titanium on the Catalytic Activity of Zn-BDC and Cu-BDC Thin Films in the Photoreduction of CO₂”.
Discovery of urine biomarkers for bladder cancer via global metabolomics
Creators: name: Hangchuan Shi
name: Li, Xiang
name: Qingyang Zhang
name: Hongmei Yang
name: Xiaoping Zhang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Bladder cancer (BC) is latent in its early stage and lethal in its late stage. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are essential for successful BC treatment. Considering the limitations of current diagnostic tools, noninvasive biomarkers that are both highly sensitive and specific are needed to improve the overall survival and quality of life of patients. With the advent of systems biology, “-omics” technologies have been developed over the past few decades. As a promising member, global metabolomics has increasingly been found to have clear potential for biomarker discovery. However, urinary metabolomics studies related to BC have lagged behind those of other urinary cancers, and major findings have not been systematically reported. The objective of this review is to comprehensively list the currently identified potential urinary metabolite biomarkers for BC.
Statistical physics of exchangeable sparse simple networks, multiplex networks and simplicial complexes
Creators: name: Bianconi, Ginestra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Exchangeability is a desired statistical property of network ensembles requiring their invariance upon relabelling of the nodes. However combining sparsity of network ensembles with exchangeability is challenging. Here we propose a statistical physics framework and a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm defining exchangeable sparse network ensembles. The model generates networks with heterogeneous degree distributions by enforcing only global constraints while existing (non exchangeable) exponential random graphs enforce an extensive number of local constraints. This very general theoretical framework to describe exchangeable networks is here first formulated for uncorrelated simple networks and then it is extended to treat simple networks with degree correlations, directed networks, bipartite networks and generalized network structures including multiplex networks and simplicial complexes. In particular here we formulate and treat both uncorrelated and correlated exchangeable ensembles of simplicial complexes using statistical mechanics approaches.
description: (25 pages, 1 figure)
General purpose lattice QCD code set Bridge++ 2.0 for high performance computing
Creators: name: Akahoshi, Yutaro
name: Aoki, Sinya
name: Aoyama, Tatsumi
name: Kanamori, Issaku
name: Kanaya, Kazuyuki
name: Matsufuru, Hideo
name: Namekawa, Yusuke
name: Nemura, Hidekatsu
name: Taniguchi, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bridge++ is a general-purpose code set for a numerical simulation of lattice QCD aiming at a readable, extensible, and portable code while keeping practically high performance. The previous version of Bridge++ is implemented in double precision with a fixed data layout. To exploit the high arithmetic capability of new processor architecture, we extend the Bridge++ code so that optimized code is available as a new branch, i.e., an alternative to the original code. This paper explains our strategy of implementation and displays application examples to the following architectures and systems: Intel AVX-512 on Xeon Phi Knights Landing, Arm A64FX-SVE on Fujitsu A64FX (Fugaku), NEC SX-Aurora TSUBASA, and GPU cluster with NVIDIA V100.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Talk by I.Kanamori at the XXXII IUPAP Conference on Computational Physics (CCP2021), Coventry, UK, 1-5 August 2021
Device-independent secret key rates via a post-selected Bell inequality
Creators: name: Datta, Sarnava
name: Kampermann, Hermann
name: Bruß, Dagmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) the security is not based on any assumptions about the intrinsic properties of the devices and the quantum signals, but on the violation of a Bell inequality. We introduce a DIQKD scenario in which an optimal Bell inequality is constructed from the performed measurement data, rather than fixing beforehand a specific Bell inequality. Our method can be employed in a general way, for any number of measurement settings and any number of outcomes. We provide an implementable DIQKD protocol and perform finite-size security key analysis for collective attacks. We compare our approach with related procedures in the literature and analyze the robustness of our protocol. We also study the performance of our method in several Bell scenarios as well as for random measurement settings.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
The Generalized Kauffman-Harary Conjecture is True
Creators: name: Bakshi, Rhea Palak
name: Guo, Huizheng
name: Montoya-Vega, Gabriel
name: Mukherjee, Sujoy
name: Przytycki, Józef H.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: LOW-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS (TOPOLOGY)
subject: Knot theory
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/510
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a reduced alternating diagram of a knot with a prime determinant 𝑝�, the Kau man-Harary conjecture states that every non-trivial Fox 𝑝�-coloring of the knot assigns di erent colors to its arcs. In this paper, we prove a generalization of the conjecture stated nineteen years ago by Asaeda, Przytycki, and Sikora: for every pair of distinct arcs in the reduced alternating diagram of a prime link with determinant 𝛿�, there exists a Fox 𝛿�-coloring that distinguishes them.
description: arXiv
Investigating the Role of Centering Theory in the Context of Neural Coreference Resolution Systems
Creators: name: Jiang, Yuchen Eleanor
name: Cotterell, Ryan
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Centering theory (CT; Grosz et al., 1995) provides a linguistic analysis of the structure of discourse. According to the theory, local coherence of discourse arises from the manner and extent to which successive utterances make reference to the same entities. In this paper, we investigate the connection between centering theory and modern coreference resolution systems. We provide an operationalization of centering and systematically investigate if neural coreference resolvers adhere to the rules of centering theory by defining various discourse metrics and developing a search-based methodology. Our information-theoretic analysis reveals a positive dependence between coreference and centering; but also shows that high-quality neural coreference resolvers may not benefit much from explicitly modeling centering ideas. Our analysis further shows that contextualized embeddings contain much of the coherence information, which helps explain why CT can only provide little gains to modern neural coreference resolvers which make use of pretrained representations. Finally, we discuss factors that contribute to coreference which are not modeled by CT such as world knowledge and recency bias. We formulate a version of CT that also models recency and show that it captures coreference information better compared to vanilla CT.
description: arXiv
(super)Schwarzian mechanics
Creators: name: Kozyrev, Nikolay
name: Krivonos, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we revisit the construction of supersymmetric Schwarzians using nonlinear realizations. We show that ${\cal N}=0,1,2,3,4$ supersymmetric Schwarzians can be systematically obtained as certain projections of Maurer-Cartan forms of superconformal groups after imposing simple conditions on them. We also present the supersymmetric Schwarzian actions defined as the integrals of products of Cartan forms. In contrast with the previous attempts to obtain the super-Schwarzians within nonlinear realizations technique, our set of constraints does not impose any restriction on the super-Schwarzians.
description: 26 pages, 0 figures, typeset in JHEP style; v3: version accepted by JHEP
Religião e Medicina Popular na Formação do Médico Brasileiro
Creators: name: Giffoni, Francinete Alves de Oliveira
name: Oliveira, Gislene Farias de
name: Mendes, Valônia Linard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008

description: O presente estudo buscou analisar a influência do contexto sócio-histórico na construção do pensamento médico brasileiro desde a colonização até os dias de hoje, tendo como foco a relação entre religiosidade e cura. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, documental, que utilizou como fontes: trabalhos originais publicados, monografias, teses, relatórios técnicos e livros.Os resultados evidenciam a influência do processo de colonização na formação das escolas médicas no Brasil e apontam para a necessidade do resgate do sincretismo cultural brasileiro na abordagem da saúde e da doença e na construção de uma medicina contextualizada, na qual a subjetividade e espiritualidade assumam papel significativo na formação de profissionais médicos. A questão da saúde no espaço coletivo requer, portanto, o aprofundamento na busca da construção histórica de uma medicina integral, que adote uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, e considere a dimensão social. Uma medicina, cujas políticas sejam coerentes com  a realidade do contexto no qual se aplicam. Nesse sentido, vêm se ampliando os métodos de abordagem e terapêutica, através de ações interdisciplinares, que abrem novas perspectivas de intervenção no campo da saúde individual e coletiva.
Tidal evolution and diffusive growth during high-eccentricity planet migration: revisiting the eccentricity distribution of hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Yu, Hang
name: Weinberg, Nevin N.
name: Arras, Phil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-eccentricity tidal migration is a potential formation channel for hot Jupiters. During this process, the planetary f-mode may experience a phase of diffusive growth, allowing its energy to quickly build up to large values. In Yu et al. (2021, ApJ, 917, 31), we demonstrated that nonlinear mode interactions between a parent f-mode and daughter f- and p-modes expand the parameter space over which the diffusive growth of the parent is triggered. We extend that study by incorporating (1) the angular momentum transfer between the orbit and the mode, and consequently the evolution of the pericenter distance, (2) a phenomenological correction to the nonlinear frequency shift at high parent mode energies, and (3) dissipation of the parent's energy due to both turbulent convective damping of the daughter modes and strongly nonlinear wave-breaking events. The new ingredients allow us to follow the coupled evolution of the mode and orbit over $\gtrsim 10^4$ years, covering the diffusive evolution from its onset to its termination. We find that the semi-major axis shrinks by a factor of nearly ten over $10^4$ years, corresponding to a tidal quality factor $\mathcal{Q}\sim10$. The f-mode's diffusive growth terminates while the eccentricity is still high, at around e=0.8-0.95. Using these results, we revisit the eccentricity distribution of proto-hot Jupiters. We estimate that less than 1 proto-HJ with eccentricity >0.9 should be expected in Kepler's data once the diffusive regime is accounted for, explaining the observed paucity of this population.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ
The averaged null energy condition on holographic evaporating black holes
Creators: name: Ishibashi, Akihiro
name: Maeda, Kengo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the averaged null energy condition~(ANEC) for strongly coupled fields, along the event horizon of an evaporating black hole by using the AdS/CFT duality. First, we consider a holographic model of a $3$-dimensional evaporating black hole with a perturbed 4-dimensional black droplet geometry as the bulk dual, and investigate how negative energy flux going into the boundary black hole horizon appears. We show that the ingoing negative energy flux always appears at the boundary black hole horizon when the horizon area decreases. Second, we test the ANEC in a holographic model of a $4$-dimensional asymptotically flat dynamical black hole, which describes the formation and subsequent evaporation of a spherically symmetric black hole. By applying the "bulk-no-shortcut principle", we show that the ANEC is always satisfied when the local null energy is averaged with a wieght function along the incomplete null geodesic on the event horizon from beginning of the formation to the final instant of the black hole evaporation. Our results indicate that the total ingoing negative energy flux is compensated by a large amount of positive energy flux in the early stage of the black hole formation.
description: 15pages, two figures. minor additions added; the version to appear in JHEP
Microbial transformation of hederagenin by Cunninghamella echinulate, Mucor subtilissimus, and Pseudomonas oleovorans
Creators: name: Liu, Zhen
name: Lu, Yan-Hua
name: Feng, Xu
name: Zou, Ying-Xin
name: Diao, Zhuo
name: Chu, Zhi-Yong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The pentacyclic triterpenoid hederagenin (1) was subjected to biotransformation by Cunninghamella echinulate CGMCC 3.2000, Mucor subtilissimus CGMCC 3.2454 and Pseudomonas oleovorans CGMCC 1.1641. Three metabolites were obtained. On the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectral analyses, their structures were characterized as 3β, 23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), 3β, 15α, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (3), 1β, 3β, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (4), and metabolite (3) was a new compound. This was the first report on the biotransformation of hederagenin.
Searching for the Little Ice Age in the last ~900 yrs record of the  shallow lake Laguna Polo, Patagonia, Argentina
Creators: name: Charqueño-Celis, Fernanda
name: Mayr, Christoph
name: Perez, Liseth
name: Dubois, Nathalie
name: Massaferro, Julieta
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The records of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in lacustrine sediments from southern south America (SSA) are still rare. Indeed, most of the evidence of this period in SSA comes from tree rings records. Our main goal was identifying the signal of the LIA at Laguna Polo (49° 15’ 59.4” S, 72° 53’ 38.4” W), in Santa Cruz, southern part of Patagonia. For this multiproxy reconstruction, we analyzed a 54-cm long sediment core and conducted paleoecological analysis on testate amoebae and chironomids in combination with grain-size distribution and geochemical composition (TOC, TIC, TN, biogenic silica (BiSi), δ15N, δ13C and C/N). The age model, based on radiocarbon dates and tephrochronology, indicated a basal age of ca. AD 1300. Based on the biological proxies, we divided our record into 4 zones. In zone 3 an important ecological change in both bioproxies was detected for the period AD 1420 to 1780. On the one hand, testate amoebae show an increase in abundance but a decrease in diversity. Difflugids were highly abundant and were dominated by Difflugia glans. Chironomid assemblages, on the other hand, reveal a decrease in abundance of head capsules but an increase in diversity with the appearance of Cricotopus and Dicrotendipes. The taxa of both taxonomic groups found during this period have been reported as indicators of cold environments. Grain-size analyses indicate a concurrent proportional increase in silts and clays, whereas geochemical analyses record a decrease in TN, TOC, TIC, BiSi, δ13C and the C/N ratio, but an increase of δ15N which may be indicative of a cooler and wetter period, as has been previously described during the LIA period in Patagonia.
description: IAL-IPA 2022 Abstract Book - Lagos Memorias del Territorio
Molecular traces of human arrival in Remote Oceania
Creators: name: Camperio, Giorgia
name: Argiriadis, Elena
name: Lloren, Ronald
name: Ladd, Sarah Nemiah
name: Nelson, Daniel B.
name: Prebble, Matthew
name: Krentscher, Christiane
name: Dubois, Nathalie
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The colonization of Remote Oceania ~3000 years ago is attributed to the Lapita people, a population originating from South East Asia. First human settlements on these islands are associated with major landscape modifications. However, past hydroclimatic variations, which played a role in the colonization of remote islands, challenge a clear anthropogenic attribution of ecosystem changes. The archipelago of Vanuatu, with its extensive archeological remains of the Lapita culture, is considered a crucial location in the colonization of Remote Oceania. Here we present a sediment record retrieved near the Teouma archeological site, the earliest confirmed Lapita cemetery found in the Pacific Islands. We dated 43 macrofossils from a 4 m long peat core spanning the last 5000 years. Fecal sterols associated with human presence become more abundant during the Lapita period as well as the later Erueti phase. Palmitone downcore concentrations were quantified as a signature for taro, a staple crop introduced by early settlers, and applied as a proxy for the establishment of agriculture. Elemental changes were measured with X-ray fluorescence core-scanning to track soil erosion and provenance. The hydrogen isotopic composition of plant waxes, namely long-chain fatty acids, was measured as a proxy for hydroclimatic changes. A transition towards wetter climatic conditions corresponds to the initial human settlement indicated by archeological remains and fecal sterols. Coupling human-related and climatic proxies on a record spanning the last 5000 years allows us to reconstruct the pre-anthropogenic state of the site, and add insights to the timing of human arrival and the consequent landscape modifications.
description: IAL-IPA 2022 Abstract Book - Lagos Memorias del Territorio
Deep Learning Adapted Acceleration for Limited-view Photoacoustic Computed Tomography
Creators: name: Lan, Hengrong
name: Gong, Jiali
name: Gao, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that detects the ultrasound signal generated from tissue with light excitation. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) uses unfocused large-area light to illuminate the target with ultrasound transducer array for PA signal detection. Limited-view issue could cause a low-quality image in PACT due to the limitation of geometric condition. The model-based method is used to resolve this problem, which contains different regularization. To adapt fast and high-quality reconstruction of limited-view PA data, in this paper, a model-based method that combines the mathematical variational model with deep learning is proposed to speed up and regularize the unrolled procedure of reconstruction. A deep neural network is designed to adapt the step of the gradient updated term of data consistency in the gradient descent procedure, which can obtain a high-quality PA image only with a few iterations. Note that all parameters and priors are automatically learned during the offline training stage. In experiments, we show that this method outperforms the other methods with half-view (180 degrees) simulation and real data. The comparison of different model-based methods show that our proposed scheme has superior performances (over 0.05 for SSIM) with same iteration (3 times) steps. Furthermore, an unseen data is used to validate the generalization of different methods. Finally, we find that our method obtains superior results (0.94 value of SSIM for in vivo) with a high robustness and accelerated reconstruction.
description: submitted the journal version
Integrating sediment core and satellite sensing approaches to assess recent phytoplankton bloom trajectories in a large reservoir
Creators: name: De Tezanos Pinto, Paula
name: Drozd, Aleksandr
name: Postorivo, Antonella
name: Gangi, Daniela
name: Plastani, Maria S.
name: Laprida, Cecilia
name: Lami, Andrea
name: Dubois, Nathalie
name: Bordet, Facundo
name: Gogorza, Claudia
name: Frau, Diego
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: In this work we integrated two approaches that are rarely used together in addressing the responses of biota to multiple environmental stressors –sediment cores and satellite images. The study area is a large subtropical reservoir (750 km2 ) that recurrently suffers severe cyanobacteria blooms, yet the trajectory of blooms since the building of the reservoir (in 1979) until the onset of the ongoing water quality monitoring program (ongoing since the year 2000) was unknown. In 2015 we performed sediment core studies, which were published in 2020, and our findings suggested that phytoplankton blooms initiated in 2003, about 24 years after the reservoir was built. Moreover, in this reservoir, as part of the current monitoring program, specific algorithms for chlorophyll estimation using satellites have been developed and published. Such algorithms allow phytoplankton chlorophyll estimation since 1984, thanks to the continuity of the Landsat mission (about 16 years prior to the monitoring program). Hence, we used images from 1984-2015 to explore if we could complement the information obtained using sediment cores. For this, we processed Landsat 5, 7 and 8 Landsat images (482, 350 and 67, respectively) in different areas of the reservoir, and calculated anomalies in chlorophyll (whenever chlorophyll was > 85 μg L-1). We found that before 2003, in average anomalies were only recorded about one time per year, whereas after 2003 the frequency of anomalies markedly increased (average 8 anomalies per year). Overall, the patterns found using sediment cores were like those encountered using satellite estimation of chlorophyll. Thus, these tools could be complementary used for analyzing recent trends (last 30 years, since satellites are operative in space) of phytoplankton trajectories.
description: IAL-IPA 2022 Abstract Book - Lagos Memorias del Territorio
Scalable Qubit Representations of Neutrino Mixing Matrices
Creators: name: Molewski, M. J.
name: Jones, B. J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillating neutrino beams exhibit quantum coherence over distances of thousands of kilometers. Their unambiguously quantum nature suggests an appealing test system for direct quantum simulation. Such techniques may enable presently analytically intractable calculations involving multi-neutrino entanglements, such as collective neutrino oscillations in supernovae, but only once oscillation phenomenology is properly re-expressed in the language of quantum circuits. Here we resolve outstanding conceptual issues regarding encoding of arbitrarily mixed neutrino flavor states in the Hilbert space of an n-qubit quantum computer. We introduce algorithms to encode mixing and oscillation of any number of flavor-mixed neutrinos, both with and without CP-violation, with an efficient number of prescriptive input parameters in terms of sub-rotations of the PMNS matrix in standard form. Examples encoded for an IBM-Q quantum computer are shown to converge to analytic predictions both with and without CP-violation.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Higgs Branches of rank-0 5d theories from M-theory on $(A_j,A_l)$ and $(A_k,D_n)$ singularities
Creators: name: De Marco, Mario
name: Sangiovanni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of M-theory on isolated non-toric Calabi-Yau threefold singularities of type $(A_j,A_l)$ and $(A_k,D_n)$, engineering five-dimensional rank-zero SCFTs. Our approach consists in mapping these backgrounds to type IIA string theory with D6 branes at angles and O6$^{-}$ planes, computing the five-dimensional open string modes located at the brane intersections. This permits us to characterize the Higgs Branches of these theories as algebraic varieties, determine the flavour and gauge group and inspect subtleties related to T-branes. Our methods apply for all the considered singularities: we give a closed formula for the $(A_j,A_l)$ Higgs Branches, and tables for the Higgs Branches of the $(A_k,D_n)$ series.
description: 39 pages + appendices
The voyage of Humans in the South Pacific: the view from Lake Lanotō, Sāmoa
Creators: name: Lloren, Ronald
name: Cochrane, Ethan
name: Augustinus, Paul
name: Prebble, Matthew
name: Dubois, Nathalie
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Archaeological data suggests that humans commenced inhabiting the remote islands in the South Pacific around 3000 yr BP. Human occupation brought tremendous modifications to these small islands: clearing forests through burning, introduction of new flora and fauna, horticulture practices and the like. These practices were either drastic or gradual in some areas in the region, and may have been related to patterns of climate change. To better understand the peopling of this area, a 4.75 m composite sediment core, encompassing the period of human settlement, was retrieved from Lake Lanotō, Sāmoa. A multi-proxy approach, including micro-XRF scanning of the cores, grain size distribution, organic carbon content and molecular biomarkers from human and plant remains engraved in the sediment, is used to reconstruct past environmental changes. Combining these biomarker and elemental proxies will help us advance our knowledge on the timing of human expansion in Sāmoa, and in the South Pacific region. The generated data will shed valuable light on Pacific prehistory and complement the knowledge gained from archaeological data.
description: IAL-IPA 2022 Abstract Book - Lagos Memorias del Territorio
Why the first magic-angle is different from others in twisted graphene bilayers: interlayer currents, kinetic and confinement energy and wavefunction localization
Creators: name: Navarro-Labastida, Leonardo A.
name: Espinosa-Champo, Abdiel
name: Aguilar-Mendez, Enrique
name: Naumis, Gerardo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral Hamiltonian for twisted graphene bilayers is analyzed in terms of its squared Hamiltonian which removes the particle-hole symmetry and thus one bipartite lattice, allowing to write the Hamiltonian in terms of a $2\times 2$ matrix. This brings to the front the three main physical actors of twisted systems: kinetic energy, confinement potential and an interlayer interaction operator which is divided in two parts: a non-Abelian interlayer operator and an operator which contains an interaction energy between layers. Here, each of these components is analyzed as a function of the angle of rotation, as well as in terms of the wave-function localization properties. In particular, it is proved that the non-Abelian operator represents interlayer currents between each layer triangular sublattices, i.e., a second-neighbor interlayer current between bipartite sublattices. A crossover is seen between such contributions and thus the first magic angle is different from other higher order magic angles. Such angles are determined by a balance between the negative energy contribution from interlayer currents and the positive contributions from the kinetic and confinement energies. A perturbative analysis performed around the first magic angle allows to explore analytically the details of such energy balance.
description: 16 figures, 15 pages