cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Model and computational advancements to full vectorial Maxwell model for studying fiber amplifiers
Creators: name: Henneking, Stefan
name: Grosek, Jacob
name: Demkowicz, Leszek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present both modeling and computational advancements to a unique three-dimensional discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin finite element model for the simulation of laser amplification in a fiber amplifier. Our model is based on the time-harmonic Maxwell equations, and it incorporates both amplification via an active dopant and thermal effects via coupling with the heat equation. As a full vectorial finite element simulation, this model distinguishes itself from other fiber amplifier models that are typically posed as an initial value problem and make significantly more approximations. Our model supports co-, counter-, and bi-directional pumping configurations, as well as inhomogeneous and anisotropic material properties. The longer-term goal of this modeling effort is to study nonlinear phenomena that prohibit achieving unprecedented power levels in fiber amplifiers, along with validating typical approximations used in lower-fidelity models. The high-fidelity simulation comes at the cost of a high-order finite element discretization with many degrees of freedom per wavelength. This is necessary to counter the effect of numerical pollution due to the high-frequency nature of the wave simulation. To make the computation more feasible, we have developed a novel longitudinal model rescaling, using artificial material parameters with the goal of preserving certain quantities of interest. Our numerical tests demonstrate the applicability and utility of this scaled model in the simulation of an ytterbium-doped, step-index fiber amplifier that experiences laser amplification and heating. We present numerical results for the nonlinear coupled Maxwell/heat model with up to 240 wavelengths.
Gradient flows and proximal splitting methods: A unified view on accelerated and stochastic optimization
Creators: name: França, Guilherme
name: Robinson, Daniel P.
name: Vidal, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimization is at the heart of machine learning, statistics and many applied scientific disciplines. It also has a long history in physics, ranging from the minimal action principle to finding ground states of disordered systems such as spin glasses. Proximal algorithms form a class of methods that are broadly applicable and are particularly well-suited to nonsmooth, constrained, large-scale, and distributed optimization problems. There are essentially five proximal algorithms currently known: Forward-backward splitting, Tseng splitting, Douglas-Rachford, alternating direction method of multipliers, and the more recent Davis-Yin. These methods sit on a higher level of abstraction compared to gradient-based ones, with deep roots in nonlinear functional analysis. We show that all of these methods are actually different discretizations of a single differential equation, namely, the simple gradient flow which dates back to Cauchy (1847). An important aspect behind many of the success stories in machine learning relies on "accelerating" the convergence of first-order methods. We show that similar discretization schemes applied to Newton's equation with an additional dissipative force, which we refer to as accelerated gradient flow, allow us to obtain accelerated variants of all these proximal algorithms -- the majority of which are new although some recover known cases in the literature. Furthermore, we extend these methods to stochastic settings, allowing us to make connections with Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations. Similar ideas apply to gradient descent, heavy ball, and Nesterov's method which are simpler. Our results therefore provide a unified framework from which several important optimization methods are nothing but simulations of classical dissipative systems.
description: the paper was reorganized; new additional material; matches published version
Navigating Barriers to Vocational Rehabilitation for HIV-Positive Persons
Creators: name: Gómez, Walter
name: Annesa Flentje
name: Schustack, Amy
name: Ramirez-Forcier, Joseph
name: Andrews, Brett
name: Dilworth, Samantha E
name: Riley, Elise D
name: Curotto, Alberto
name: Carrico, Adam W
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This study documented the outcomes of 108 HIV-positive persons receiving vocational rehabilitation services. Over a 12-month follow-up, participants reported significantly decreased odds of any unstable housing [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.21; 95 % CI 0.05–0.90; p < .05] and increased odds of being employed at least part-time (AOR = 10.19; 95 % CI 2.40–43.21; p < .01). However, reductions in perceived barriers to employment and increases in income were more pronounced among those not receiving disability benefits at baseline. This was consistent with findings from baseline qualitative interviews with 22 participants where those not on disability were subject to bureaucratic hurdles to rapidly accessing benefits and anticipated stigma of being on disability that propelled them to rejoin the workforce. Vocational rehabilitation could address key structural barriers to optimizing HIV treatment as prevention, and novel approaches are needed to improve outcomes among individuals receiving disability benefits.
A Hamiltonian lattice study of the two-dimensional Wess-Zumino model
Creators: name: Beccaria, Matteo
name: Campostrini, Massimo
name: Feo, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a Hamiltonian lattice version of the two-dimensional Wess-Zumino model by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. In order to study the pattern of supersymmetry breaking, we measure the ground state energy and the correlation length along a trajectory approaching the continuum limit. The algorithm is very effective in measuring the ground state energy, and adequate for the correlation length.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, Lattice2002(higgssusy)
WPŁYW REFORMY RYNKU CUKRU UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ NA PRODUKCJĘ BURAKÓW CUKROWYCH W WOJEWÓDZTWIE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIM W LATACH 2002-2010
Creators: name: Dubownik, Anna
name: Rudnicki, Roman
name: Dubownik, Anna
name: Rudnicki, Roman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: reform of EU sugar market
subject: sugar beets
subject: Kujavia-Pomerania Province

description: The example of Kujavia-Pomerania province presented preliminary results of research on the evaluation of the reform of the EU sugar market, both in relation to changes in the cultivation of sugar beet (number of farms, plantation area) and the number and organizational structure of the sugar mills (from 13 plants in 1990 3 sugar factories in 2013). Research has shown a significant decrease in surface area of sugar beet, however, under a clear increase of the average area of the plantation.
Evolution of Australian Takeover Legislation
Creators: name: Armson, Emma
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Corporate takeover legislation has evolved signifi cantly since it was fi rst introduced in Australia. Starting with only a handful of provisions in the state based legislation enacted from 1961, the takeover provisions now in chs 6–6C of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) form the basis of a complex regulatory regime. Since 1981, the legislation has been supplemented by a regulatory power to exempt persons from and modify the operation of the takeover provisions. There has also been a shift towards the resolution of takeover disputes by non-judicial bodies. From 1991, the regulator was given the power to apply to the Corporations and Securities Panel for orders where it considered circumstances to be unacceptable based on the principles underlying the legislation, even if the letter of the law had been complied with. This role was expanded in 2000 by allowing any interested party to apply to the Panel and limiting the ability to commence court proceedings during a takeover. This article analyses the forces driving each of these developments, with a particular focus on the resulting tensions and the evolution of the principles underlying the legislation.
Acarodynerus legatus Giordani Soika 1977
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Acarodynerus
Acarodynerus legatus

description: legatus Giordani Soika
Acarodynerus legatus Giordani Soika 1977: 127, 129 (key), male, female—“ W. Australia: Marloo Station, Wurarga (holotype male Berlin); also from Wubin.— Cardale 1985: 163 (cat.).— Giordani Soika 1993b: 143 (W. A.: “1.5 Km SE Banjowam HS, 27°42’S 121°374E,” “4 Km E Mt. Bruce, 22°364S 118°084E,” “37 Km SW Youanmi, 28°45’S 118°314E”).— Borsato & Ratti 1999: 82 (list).
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
Determinants of Fast Food Consumption
Creators: name: Fanning, Jasper
name: Marsh, Thomas
name: Stiegert, Kyle
name: Fanning, Jasper
name: Marsh, Thomas
name: Stiegert, Kyle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Socioeconomic determinants are investigated for both the likelihood of consuming fastfood and household expenditure on fastfood using the 1994-98 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. The logit model is used to estimate an empirical relationship between probability an individual will consume fastfood and socioeconomic variables. The Tobit model is used to estimate an empirical relationship between expenditure on fastfood and socioeconomic variables. Significant socioeconomic variables impacting the likelihood of consuming fastfood and household expenditure on fastfood included age, income, household size, hours at work, eating occasion and education level.
Examining Instabilities Due to Driven Scalars in AdS
Creators: name: Cownden, Brad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the study of the non-linear perturbative theory of weakly turbulent energy cascades in AdS$_{d+1}$ to include solutions of driven systems, i.e. those with time-dependent sources on the AdS boundary. This necessitates the activation of non-normalizable modes in the linear solution for the massive bulk scalar field, which couple to the metric and normalizable scalar modes. We determine analytic expressions for secular terms in the renormalization flow equations for any mass, and for various driving functions. Finally, we numerically evaluate these sources for $d = 4$ and discuss what role these driven solutions play in the perturbative stability of AdS.
description: v1: 29 pages, 6 figures v2: Added reference and small changes to Discussion. 30 pages, 6 figures v3: To appear in JHEP. Added holographic interpretation, review of resummation procedure, and moved discussion of all-normalizable resonances to appendix. 34 pages, 6 figures
Peter Devonshire, Account of Profits (Thomson Reuters, 2013)
Creators: name: Thomas, Susan Barkehall
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
Polarized light-flavor antiquarks from Drell-Yan processes of h+\vec{N}\to\vec{l^{+-}} + l^{-+} + X
Creators: name: Kitagawa, H.
name: Sakemi, Y.
name: Yamanishi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a formula to determine the first moment of difference between the polarized $\bar u$- and $\bar d$-quarks in the nucleon, {\it i.e.} $Δ\bar u-Δ\bar d$ from the Drell-Yan processes in collisions of unpolarized hadrons with longitudinally polarized nucleons by measuring outgoing lepton helicities. As coefficients in the differential cross section depend on the $u$- and $d$-quark numbers in the unpolarized hadron beam, the difference $Δ\bar u-Δ\bar d$ can be independently tested by changing the hadron beam. Moreover, a formula for estimating the $K$-factor in Drell-Yan processes is also suggested.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Pitman B Potter, China's Legal System (Polity Press, 2013)
Creators: name: Keith, Ronald C
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
State Trading Enterprises in a Differentiated Product Environment: The Case of Global Malting Barley Markets
Creators: name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The lack of transparency in the pricing and operational activities of state trading enterprises (STEs) has caused WTO members to express concern that certain countries’ STEs might circumvent Uruguay Round commitments on export subsidies, domestic support, or market access. The purpose of this study is to examine the market structure of the differentiated world malting barley market in which two STEs (the Canadian Wheat Board and Australian Barley Board) maintain jointly a very large share of the export market. In particular, this study focuses on the exclusive procuring and pricing policies used by both STEs to test if these intra-country mechanisms can generate leadership and shift rent from other exporting countries. A conceptual and empirical framework is also provided to test if STEs set their initial payments at optimal levels. Four key results are forthcoming from this research. First, we found strong support that the global malting barley market operates in a quantity setting oligopolistic structure. Second, both STEs and other exporting countries were in Cournot competition, and thus held the potential to exercise rentshifting behavior using their initial payment structures. Third, while some distortionary impacts from the STE prepayment systems were possible, we did not find evidence that it was a tool either STE employed. Empirical results from the precommitment stage show that both STEs did not set their initial payments low enough to maximize their profits. Fourth, It appears that the strong anecdotal and statistical evidence of product differentiation dampened significantly the desire/ability of malting barley STEs to pursue a rentshifting objective.
Chronoentanglement: A Foundational Note on Temporal Singularity and Quantum-Driven Immortality
Creators: name: Natad, Adam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: chronoentanglement, time, singularity, quantum theory, majorana chip, immortality, theoretical physics, quantum computing, temporal singularity

description: This short paper introduces the concept of Chronoentanglement, the idea that past, present, and future are not sequential but coexist in a singular temporal state. Drawing on the architecture of Microsoft’s Majorana 1 chip, which operates through topological qubits that exist in superposition rather than fixed binary states, this work proposes that time, like qubit behavior, is fundamentally non-linear. From this, it follows that time can be accessed non-sequentially. By constructing a system around this principle, the theoretical foundation for a time machine emerges. This also implies the future possibility of isolating and sending biological components through time, offering a path toward physical immortality through temporal manipulation.
Pricing-to-Market: Price Discrimination or Product Differentiation?
Creators: name: Lavoie, Nathalie
name: Liu, Qihong
name: Lavoie, Nathalie
name: Liu, Qihong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: We employ a vertical differentiation model to examine the potential bias in pricing-to-market (PTM) results when using unit values aggregating differentiated products. Our results show that: i) false evidence of PTM (“pseudo PTM”) is always found when using unit values, whether the law of one price holds or not; and ii) the extent to which results are biased due to pseudo PTM increases with the level of product differentiation. Correspondingly, our simulation results suggest that: i) it is possible to get a statistically significant estimate of the exchange rate coefficient, even when there is no real PTM; ii) the probability of a false PTM finding increases with product differentiation. Pseudo PTM is the result of a change in the mix of qualities imported when the exchange rate changes.
SO(3) Yang-Mills theory on the lattice
Creators: name: Barresi, A.
name: Burgio, G.
name: Muller-Preussker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the phase structure of pure SO(3) LGT at zero and non-zero temperature in the presence of a Z2 blind monopole chemical potential. The physical meaning of the different phases, a possible symmetry breaking mechanism as well as the existence of an order parameter for the finite temperature phase transition are discussed.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures LaTeX file. Uses espcrc2 style and amssymb package. Talk given at Lattice2002(nonzerot), Boston. Corrected version with one added reference
Compulsory Licensing of Patents in Australia: Reforming the Landscape or Fencing Us in?
Creators: name: Berger, Tyrone
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The Australian Productivity Commission released its final report to government into the compulsory licensing provisions of the Patents Act 1990 (Cth) on 28 March 2013. Its stated focus, however, is on the operation of compulsory licensing in Australia more broadly. Accordingly, it considered related parts of the Act, for example, the Crown use provisions and specifi c technology areas involving Standard Essential Patents, which have not undergone the same level of scrutiny in the past. One of the motivations for the inquiry was to assess whether the compulsory licensing provisions can be invoked effi ciently and effectively, given the substantial costs and lengths of time associated with obtaining a Federal Court order. Despite the risk of signifi cant barriers for potential applicants, the Commission found that there were no clear alternatives to the current arrangements, instead choosing to improve the criteria for granting a compulsory licence by introducing a public interest test. Before accepting the Commission’s recommendations in their current form, it would be judicious for the Federal Government to ensure that the shortterm interests of the public do not detract from the long-term objectives of the patent system.
Acarodynerus lunaris Giordani Soika 1977
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Acarodynerus
Acarodynerus lunaris

description: lunaris Giordani Soika
Acarodynerus lunaris Giordani Soika 1977: 127, 129 (key), male, female—“ W. Australia: Canning” (Perth).— Cardale 1985: 163 (cat.).— Borsato & Ratti 1999: 83 (list).
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
Probing hadronization and freeze-out with multiple strange hadrons and strange resonances
Creators: name: Bleicher, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I)The production of multiple strange baryons in pp interactions is studied. Here on can directly probe the microscopic decay of color flux tubes, allowing to differentiate between different string models and a statistical description of the hadronization. II)To analyse the different stages of a heavy ion collision the time evolution of the elastic and inelastic collision rates in central Pb+Pb interactions are studied. The microscopic simulation supports the idea of separated phases (non-equilibrium -> chemical freeze-out -> kinetic freeze-out) in the evolution of the system. The spectra and abundances of $Λ(1520)$, $K^0(892)$ and other resonances are used to study the break-up dynamics of the source between chemical and thermal freeze-out.
description: QM02 Proceedings, 10 pp., 8 figs
Your Story and Theirs: The Youth Justice Group Conferencing Program
Creators: name: Hooper, Christopher
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article provides a small-scale empirical study which interrogates the restorative justice dialogue underpinning the Youth Justice Group Conferencing Program (YJGCP) in Victoria. Personal reﬂ ections collected from interviews suggest that participants in the YJGCP should be provided with information giving them a realistic understanding of the outcomes which restorative processes might deliver. The article argues that the YJGCP would be well served by a common narrative that is comprehensively understood by all service-providers and stakeholders to ensure that participants are given a meaningful understanding of the program, its goals and likely outcomes.
Scirtes nigrofasciatus Yoshitomi & Ruta 2010, sp. n.
Creators: name: Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki
name: Ruta, Rafał
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scirtidae
Scirtes
Scirtes nigrofasciatus

description: Scirtes nigrofasciatus Yoshitomi & Ruta, sp. n.
Figs. 23H, 29
 Type material. Holotype (EUM): 1 male, “Bolok Barus Sibolangit E. Sumatra 29. X. 1999 H. Takizawa leg.”, genit. s. no. HY 970.
 Description. Male. Body oblong, slightly convex above, weakly shining, closely covered with short setae throughout. Coloration of body almost flavous; antennomeres IV–XI, maxillary palpi and apical parts of hind femora blackish brown; elytral markings black, situated in caudal 1/3, protruding from lateral margins to adsutural portion of elytra; areas surrounding markings paler than remaining portions of elytra.
Head moderate size, almost flat on dorsal surface, closely punctate; clypeus rather long, slightly expanded laterally, with arcuate front margin. Eyes relatively small, gently prominent; the distance between the eyes ca. 2.2 times as long as the maximum diameter of an eye. Antennae slender and long, reaching ca. proximal 1/3 of elytra. Pronotum slightly convex above, punctured as on head; antero-lateral angles 120º, projecting anteriorly; front margin straight; lateral margins gently arcuate; postero-lateral angles right-angled; posterior margin gently bisinuate; PW/PL 2.35. Scutellum moderate in size, finely punctate, equilateral-triangular. Elytra oblong, widest at the middle, finely punctate; humeral parts slightly elevated; EL/EW 1.38; EL/PL 4.74; EW/ PW 1.46; TL/EW 1.67. Legs relatively long. Hind tibial spurs curved laterally; dorsal spurs ca. 1.8 times as long as ventral ones, ca. 0.7 times as long as hind tarsomere 1. Sternites III–IV covered sparsely with short setae; sternites V–VII closely covered with short setae. Caudal margin of sternite VII concave. Tergite VII wide, pentagonal, without apodemes. Tergite VIII lightly sclerotized, trapezoidal, bearing short spines on apical margin, with a pair of relatively long apodemes; sternite VIII lightly sclerotized, bearing short spines on apical margin, with a pair of long apodemes. Tegmen and penis connected; basal part of tegmen small and oval; parameres long, pointed at apices; penis long, deeply excised and pointed at apex.
Female. Unknown.
 Measurements. Male (n = 1): TL 3.73 mm; PW 1.53 mm; PL 0.65 mm; EL 3.08 mm; EW 2.23 mm.
 Distribution. Sumatra.
 Etymology. The species name refers to the black elytral markings situated in the apical portion of the elytra.
 Notes. Resembling Scirtes satoi sp. n., but dark apical spot transverse; parameres incurved, penis distinctly longer than parameres.
description: Published as part of Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki & Ruta, Rafał, 2010, Revision of the Scirtes flavoguttatus species-group (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae) 2467, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2467 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2467.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10094074
Gamma-ray Emission from an Outer-Gap Accelerator: Constraints on Magnetospheric Current, Magnetic Inclination, and Distance for PSR B1055-52
Creators: name: Hirotani, Kouichi
name: Shibata, Shinpei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a stationary pair production cascade in the outer magnetosphere of a spinning neutron star. The charge depletion due to global flows of charged particles, causes a large electric field along the magnetic field lines. Migratory electrons and/or positrons are accelerated by this field to radiate curvature gamma-rays, some of which collide with the X-rays to materialize as pairs in the gap. The replenished charges partially screen the electric field, which is self-consistently solved, together with the distribution functions of particles and gamma-rays. By solving the Vlasov equations describing this pair production cascade, we demonstrate the existence of a stationary gap in the outer magnetosphere of PSR B1055-52 for a wide range of current densities flowing in the accelerator: From sub to super Goldreich-Julian values. However, we find that the expected GeV spectrum becomes very soft if the current density exceeds the Goldreich-Julian value. We also demonstrate that the GeV spectrum softens with decreasing magnetic inclination and with increasing distance to this pulsar. We thus conclude that a sub-Goldreich-Julian current, a large magnetic inclination, and a small distance (500 pc, say) are plausible to account for EGRET observations. Furthermore, it is found that the TeV flux due to inverse Compton scatterings of infrared photons whose spectrum is inferred from the Rayleigh-Jeans side of the soft blackbody spectrum is much less than the observational upper limit.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, ApJ in press
The Evolving Statutory Regulation of Reverse Mortgages in Australia's ‘Risk Society'
Creators: name: Burns, Fiona
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: A reverse mortgage is a mortgage ‘in reverse’. Under a standard ‘ forward’ mortgage the borrower obtains a loan to acquire a property and eventually attain one hundred per cent equity in that property. Under a reverse mortgage, the borrower releases the equity in the property as cash and uses it for a wide variety of purposes. There are no instalment repayments. Instead the loan (including interest and fees) is generally repaid when the borrower dies or vacates the property. Reverse mortgages are increasingly seen by governments as a legitimate component of retirement planning in the new neo-liberal ‘risk society’ in which seniors are expected to bear an increasing portion of their retirement expenses. However, governments and their agencies are acutely aware that there are a number of legal and fi nancial problems associated with reverse mortgages. In the Consumer Credit Legislation Amendment (Enhancement) Act 2012 (Cth), the then Labor federal government tackled a number of these problems. It will be argued that such regulation was not incompatible with a neo-liberal perspective and that the regulation of reverse mortgages is still a work in progress.
Acarodynerus paleovariatus Giordani Soika 1962
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Acarodynerus
Acarodynerus paleovariatus

description: paleovariatus Giordani Soika
Acarodynerus paleovariatus Giordani Soika 1962 [1961]: 147 (key), 162, female—“ W. Australia: Champion Bay” (London); also from “N. W. Coast”; 1977: 128 (key).— Cardale 1985: 163 (cat.). — Borsato 1996: 222 (W. A.: “W. Kimberley div., Mannig Gorge” [Manning]).— Borsato & Ratti 1999: 89 (list).
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
Agriculture, Markets, and Poverty: A Comparative Analysis of Lao PDR and Cambodia
Creators: name: Gaiha, Raghav
name: Azam, Md Shafiul
name: Gaiha, Raghav
name: Azam, Md Shafiul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Food Security and Poverty
International Relations/Trade

description: Lao PDR and Cambodia have been transitioning to a market-oriented policy regime. Both are agrarian economies with agriculture contributing about one-third of the gross domestic product (GDP). This study assessed their prospects of achieving the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG 1, extreme poverty eradication) and the centrality of agricultural growth in achieving this goal. As these are macro relationships, richer insights on determinants of poverty were obtained by detailed analyses of recent household surveys in these countries. Some of these insights relate to access to markets, returns to crops, education, land size, non-farm activities, ethnic affiliation, and rural infrastructure, with unavoidable variation due to differences in the coverage of the household surveys used. Another major theme studied for Cambodia is integration of farmers (especially smallholders) into markets, focusing on barriers between large and smallholders (e.g., transaction costs). An accelerated transition to a more market-oriented policy regime may promote not just a more efficient agriculture but also a more equitable outcome.
Notes on Superconformal Representations in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Lee, Siyul
name: Lee, Sungjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study global subalgebras of superconformal algebras in two dimensions and their unitary representations. Global superconformal multiplets are decomposed into conformal multiplets using Racah-Speiser algorithm, revealing many essential aspects of superconformal theories such as stress-energy tensor, conserved current, supersymmetric deformation and supersymmetry enhancement. Character formulae for the representations are presented. We further find a collection of conserved charges that are $k$-forms under the R-symmetry, which must be part of the super Virasoro algebra with $\mathcal{N} \geq 3$ supersymmetries.
description: 61 pages, 15 figures; v2: minor edits, references added
Ranking Projects for Water-Sensitive Cities
Creators: name: Pannell, David J.
name: Pannell, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: water-sensitive
subject: green infrastructure
subject: water conservation
subject: environment
subject: investment
subject: economics
subject: project prioritisation
subject: uncertainty
subject: behaviour change
subject: risk
subject: valuation
subject: technical feasibility

description: Water agencies and utilities wishing to support water-sensitive projects face the challenge of deciding which of the many possible projects they should support with their limited resources. Projects vary greatly in their benefits and costs, so selecting the best projects can make a major difference to the level of benefits that can be generated for a given budget. Key principles for ranking projects are presented and explained. Suitable formulas to use as a metrics for ranking projects are developed and explained. The formulas account for valuation of benefits, the effectiveness of management, time lags, behaviour change, various risks and various costs. The formulas are designed to strike a balance between theoretical rigour and reasonable simplifications. A number of common mistakes to avoid are outlined. Sample templates for project proposals and spreadsheets for ranking projects are provided, to make it easy to put the principles into practice.
The State of Personal Liberty in Australia after M47: A Risk Theory Analysis of Security Rights
Creators: name: Robson, Kellie
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In Plaintiff M47/2012 v Director General of Security, the High Court of Australia unanimously applied a test of compatibility with human rights related statutory responsibilities to an impugned public interest criterion. A clear majority of the High Court appeared willing to consider whether the right to personal liberty in Australia has constitutional protections extending to refugees. This article applies Ulrich Beck’s risk theory to recent preventive, administrative detention of refugees under adverse security assessments to examine the relationship between liberty rights and the decision-makers responsible for assessing, and for managing, national security risk. Risk theory casts light on how the collective right to national security relies on respecting every individual’s right to liberty and security of person. The High Court’s formal, values-based method of statutory interpretation is endorsed as an effective accountability mechanism capable of protecting fundamental values expressive of human rights.
Acarodynerus posttegulatus
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Acarodynerus
Acarodynerus posttegulatus

description: posttegulatus (Giordani Soika)
Odynerus posttegulatus Giordani Soika 1937: 356, figs. 1–4, male (in subgenus Stenodynerus)—“W. Australia: Dedari, Southern Cross ” (lectotype London); 1973a: 16 (designation of lectotype).
Acarodynerus posttegulatus; Giordani Soika 1962 [1961]: 148 (key), 163, fig. 20 (notes on types); 1977: 127 (female; W. A.: Salmon Gums), 129 (key).— Cardale 1985: 163 (cat.).— Giordani Soika 1993b: 143 (W. A.: Feilds Find [Fields]). — Borsato 1996: 222 (W. A.: “ 15 km North of Eyre HS (32,15 S 126,18 E)”).— Borsato & Ratti 1999: 90 (list).— Borsato 2003: 548.
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
Interplay between van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions among Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: de Hond, Julius
name: Cisternas, Nataly
name: Spreeuw, R. J. C.
name: Heuvell, H. B. van Linden van den
name: van Druten, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherently manipulating Rydberg atoms in mesoscopic systems has proven challenging due to the unwanted population of nearby Rydberg levels by black-body radiation. Recently, there have been some efforts towards understanding these effects using states with a low principal quantum number that only have resonant dipole-dipole interactions. We perform experiments that exhibit black-body-induced dipole-dipole interactions for a state that also has a significant van der Waals interaction. Using an enhanced rate-equation model that captures some of the long-range properties of the dipolar interaction, we show that the initial degree of Rydberg excitation is dominated by the van der Waals interaction, while the observed linewidth at later times is dominated by the dipole-dipole interaction. We also point out some prospects for quantum simulation.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Defensive Homicide on Trial in Victoria
Creators: name: Toole, Kellie
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Defensive homicide was introduced in Victoria in 2005. It was enacted to provide a safety net conviction for women who kill an abusive partner and cannot satisfy the test for self-defence, but who should not be considered a murderer. However, 21 of the 24 people so far convicted of defensive homicide are men, and all but one of the victims is another man. The academic attention on defensive homicide has focused on women as offenders and victims, leaving the bulk of the cases unexamined. Given that the offence is currently under review, it is important that the cases are analysed in the context of male violence. This article considers whether the cases resulting in convictions for defensive homicide are within the intended scope of the offence and are compatible with the elements of the offence.
British Colonialism, Australian Nationalism and the Law: Hierarchies of Wild Animal Protection
Creators: name: White, Steven
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: A combination of animal welfare law and nature conservation law establishes a hierarchy of protection for wild animals, with rare, threatened or endangered native animals receiving the highest levels of protection, plentiful native animals lying in the middle — sometimes well-protected, sometimes not — and introduced wild animals at the bottom. In reading beyond the accounts of contemporary law, especially in sociology and environmental history, a plausible argument can be made for the proposition that this prevailing general schema of protection reﬂ ects an early 20th century assertion of a distinctive Australian identity, combined with the emergence of a conservation ethic and the decline of attempts to acclimatise British wild animals in Australia. Prior to federation the legal protection of wild animals was quite different, with native animals receiving little protection until the late 19th century. Introduced wild animals were initially protected to allow their ﬂ ourishing, but by the late 19th century were increasingly being characterised as ‘pests’ and their protection wound back. This article explores how and why attitudes to native wild animals and introduced wild animals in Australia have changed over time, and how this continues to be reﬂ ected in Australian law.
Quasinormal modes, echoes and the causal structure of the Green's function
Creators: name: Hui, Lam
name: Kabat, Daniel
name: Wong, Sam S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasinormal modes describe the return to equilibrium of a perturbed system, in particular the ringdown phase of a black hole merger. But as globally-defined quantities, the quasinormal spectrum can be highly sensitive to global structure, including distant small perturbations to the potential. In what sense are quasinormal modes a property of the resulting black hole? We explore this question for the linearized perturbation equation with two potentials having disjoint bounded support. We give a composition law for the Wronskian that determines the quasinormal frequencies of the combined system. We show that over short time scales the evolution is governed by the quasinormal frequencies of the individual potentials, while the sensitivity to global structure can be understood in terms of echoes. We introduce an echo expansion of the Green's function and show that, as expected on general grounds, at any finite time causality limits the number of echoes that can contribute. We illustrate our results with the soluble example of a pair of $δ$-function potentials. We explicate the causal structure of the Green's function, demonstrating under what conditions two very different quasinormal spectra give rise to very similar ringdown waveforms.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
An Elementary Proof of Golbach Conjecture
Creators: name: Chavez, Danilo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10101 Algebra and Number Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Algebra
subject: 10401 Applied Statistics
subject: Probability

description: In this present paper we will show you an elementary proof of the Goldbach Conjecture based on probabilities.
The Politics of Payday Lending Regulation in Australia
Creators: name: Ali, Paul
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The regulation of payday lending in Australia has recently been reformed. The reforms followed a highly charged and polarised debate between the conﬂ icting interests of consumer and welfare advocates — who argued for increased protection for payday loan borrowers — and the payday loan industry. The debate followed research ﬁ ndings of the adverse consequences of payday lending for low income and ﬁ nancially vulnerable borrowers. We analyse the political dynamic that unfolded and show how the protections proposed to be afforded to payday loan borrowers were reduced in several key respects. Our research highlights several concerns. First, key changes to the original proposals do not take account of the recommendations of consumer and welfare advocates and are more consistent with the views of the payday loan industry. Second, the increased complexity of the ﬁ nal form of the regulation of payday lending creates potential for regulatory avoidance and poses problems for enforcement. Third, policies to reduce reliance on payday loans have not been implemented. The result is new regulation of payday loans that may not achieve the key aim of protecting the most vulnerable borrowers from the harm that can result from these loans.
Franchisor Liability for Franchisee Conduct
Creators: name: Terry, Andrew L
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Franchisors and franchisees are legally and ﬁnancially independent parties responsible for their own torts, contracts and other legal obligations. From the perspective of the general public however the independent contractor nature of the relationship is obscured by system standardisation and uniformity which conveys the appearance of a single entity. Although in law there is a fundamental difference between a system outlet operated by a franchisee and a system outlet operated by the franchisor through a manager, the outlets are otherwise identical and the legal subtleties are imperceptible to customers and the public generally. The legal ramiﬁ cations are nevertheless signiﬁ cant. In general terms a franchisor is liable under the principle of vicarious liability for the torts committed by employee managers but not for the torts committed by franchisees who are independent contractors. Franchisors may also be liable under agency principles — for contracts made by those agents who have the actual or apparent authority to make contracts on behalf of the franchisor principal — which may be the case for employed outlet managers but rarely for franchisees. This article reviews the law relating to franchisor liability for franchisee conduct in Australia and concludes that legal principle and commercial practice have been largely effective in insulating franchisors from liability under vicarious liability and agency principles. Such actions are nevertheless not the exclusive sources of potential franchisor liability and franchisors and their legal advisors need to be aware of the potential consequences beyond unwelcome system publicity which might arise from franchisee conduct.
Acarodynerus propodalaris Giordani Soika 1962
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Acarodynerus
Acarodynerus propodalaris

description: propodalaris Giordani Soika
Acarodynerus propodalaris Giordani Soika 1962 [1961]: 148 (key), 165, female—“ W. Australia: Dedari, 40 miglia W. di Coolgardie” (London).— Cardale 1985: 163 (cat.).— Borsato & Ratti 1999: 91 (list).
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
Scirtes tamdaoensis Yoshitomi & Ruta 2010, sp. n.
Creators: name: Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki
name: Ruta, Rafał
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scirtidae
Scirtes
Scirtes tamdaoensis

description: Scirtes tamdaoensis Yoshitomi & Ruta, sp. n.
Figs. 23I, 30
 Type material. Holotype (EUM): 1 male, “North Vietnam Tam Dao Vinh Phu Prov. 20. V, 1995 M. Satô leg.”, genit. s. no. HY 957.
 Description. Male. Body oblong, slightly convex above, shining, closely covered with short setae throughout. Coloration of body yellowish-brown; maxillary palpi, antennomeres 4–11 and femora dark brown; elytra black in caudal 2/3 to apices, but sutures and apices yellowish-brown.
Head moderate in size, almost flat in dorsal surface, sparsely punctate; clypeus rather long, expanded antero-laterally, shallowly concave in front margin. Eyes moderate in size, slightly prominent; the distance between the eyes ca. 2.2 times as long as the maximum diameter of an eye. Antennae slender. Pronotum convex above in mesal part of the disk, punctured as on head; antero-lateral corners ca. 120º, weakly projecting anteriorly; front margin bisinuate; lateral margins gently arcuate; postero-lateral angles right-angled; posterior margin gently bisinuate; PW/PL 2.21. Scutellum moderate in size, punctured as on head, equilateral-triangular. Elytra oblong, convex above, widest at the middle, closely and strongly punctate; shoulder parts slightly elevated; EL/EW 1.44; EL/PL 4.69; EW/PW 1.46; TL/EW 1.75. Legs relatively long. Tegmen well sclerotized; basal portion semicircular, subparallel-sided; parameres sparsely punctate, curved laterally, pointed at apices. Penis long, well sclerotized, connected with tegmen in basal 1/3, pointed at apex.
Female. Unknown.
 Measurements. Male (n = 1): TL 3.98 mm; PW 1.55 mm; PL 0.70 mm; EL 3.28 mm; EW 2.27 mm.
 Distribution. Vietnam.
 Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, Tam Dao.
 Notes. Externally similar to Scirtes balehensis sp. n. and S. maramagensis Klausnitzer, but with distinct dark oval area on elytra. The species is distinct in having the following characteristics: 1) parameres short, curved laterally; 2) parameroids very long, pointed at apices.
description: Published as part of Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki & Ruta, Rafał, 2010, Revision of the Scirtes flavoguttatus species-group (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae) 2467, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2467 (1) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2467.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10094074