cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Late winter temperature response to large tropical volcanic eruptions in temperate western North America: Relationship to ENSO phases
Creators: name: Wahl, Eugene R.
name: Diaz, Henry F.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Ammann, Caspar M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Atmospheric temperature--Measurement
Paleoclimatology
Climatic changes
Weather--Effect of volcanic eruptions on
Meteorology
Atmosphere

description: February–March temperature reconstructions in western North America from 1500–1980 in the Common Era (CE) are used to evaluate, from a regional perspective, the hypothesis that radiative forcing by large tropical volcanic eruptions induces a tendency in the climate system towards an early post-event El Niño (EN) response followed by a delayed La Niña (LN) response. Post-event spatial composites using superposed epoch analysis (SEA) detect indications for an EN-like pattern in post-event Years 1–2; this result, however, is sensitive to the set of eruptions evaluated. Highly significant LN-like patterns are also observed for two eruptions during Year 1. In contrast, a clear and unique LN-like response is found in both evaluated eruption sets during Years 3–5; Year 3 in particular represents the time of strongest post-event response. No significant EN-like patterns occur during these years. The relative homogeneity of the SEA response for each post-event year is evaluated in terms of the ratio of the amplitude of the SEA composite to its standard deviation across the eruption events. In relation to the same metric determined from random-event-year SEAs, these signal-to-noise ratios are most highly significant in the portions of the domain with the strongest anomalies in Years 1–5, especially Year 3. The signal-to-noise ratios tend towards uniformly low and insignificant values beyond the first half-decade after the eruption, indicating generally reduced coherence across events. In relation to the larger-scale circulation, post-eruption 500mb February–March geopotential height composites from the 20th Century Reanalysis show ENSO-type features that are largely consistent with the SEA results from the primary eruption set during Year 1, but are inconsistent with the EN-like pattern exhibited by the second eruption set during Years 1–2. In Year 3, the pressure composite over North America and the adjacent Pacific and Atlantic is strongly LN-like, consistent with all SEA results; similarly, weakening coherence across events as time progresses beyond Year 3 is also consistent with more variable pressure composites noted after that time. The relatively robust character of the delayed LN-like response is evaluated in terms of the dynamic rebound of the climate system towards its initial energy balance as the radiative impact of immediate post-eruption aerosol cooling dissipates. The LN-like SEA temperature response in Years 3–5 exhibits a slight shift of its southern warm anomaly to the north and west relative to pure composite LN conditions, which is detected as a specifically post-eruption feature in the region.
Climate field reconstruction uncertainty arising from multivariate and nonlinear properties of predictors
Creators: name: Evans, M. N.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Kaplan, Aleksey
name: Tolwinski-Ward, S. E.
name: González-Rouco, Jesús Fidel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth temperature
subject: Atmospheric temperature--Data processing
subject: Multivariate analysis--Data processing
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Atmosphere
subject: Meteorology

description: Climate field reconstructions (CFRs) of the global annual surface air temperature (SAT) field and associated global area-weighted mean annual temperature (GMAT) are derived in a collection of pseudoproxy experiments for the past millennium. Pseudoproxies are modeled from temperature (T), precipitation (P), T+P, and VS-Lite (VSL), a nonlinear and multivariate proxy system model for tree ring widths. Spatial patterns of reconstruction skill and spectral bias for the T+P and VSL-derived CFRs are similar to those previously shown using temperature-only pseudoproxies but demonstrate overall degraded skill and spectral bias for SAT reconstruction. Analysis of GMAT spectra nevertheless suggests that the true GMAT frequency spectrum is resolved by those pseudoproxies (T, T+P, and VSL) that contain some temperature information. The results suggest that mixed temperature and moisture-responding paleoclimate data may produce actual GMAT reconstructions with skill, error, and spectral characteristics like those expected from univariate and linear temperature responders, but spatially resolved CFR results should be analyzed cautiously.
From Individual to Community: Building a Community of Practice Around Teaching
Creators: name: Gammons, Rachel W.
name: Luckert, Yelena
name: Inge-Carpenter, Lindsay
name: Armendariz, Anastasia
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2023
Subjects: information literacy
teaching

description: University of Maryland (UMD) Libraries has a large teaching program that serves between 16,000 and 20,000 students per academic year. This chapter documents the transformation of UMD Libraries’ teaching program from an individualistic approach to a strong community of practice based on the mutual affirmation, support, and respect of library teachers, and includes the following sections: (1) history of the UMD Libraries’ teaching program, with special attention to how the program has been shaped by the Libraries’ partnership with the UMD Academic Writing Program (ENGL101); (2) overview of the theoretical framework of Communities of Practice (COP); (3) exploration of COP at UMD Libraries, including analysis of two teacher training programs, the Research and Teaching Fellowship, and Fearless Teaching Institute; and (4) recommendations for practice.
PyGFit: A Tool for Extracting PSF Matched Photometry
Creators: name: Mancone, Conor L.
name: Gonzalez, Anthony H.
name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
name: Price, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present PyGFit, a program designed to measure PSF-matched photometry from images with disparate pixel scales and PSF sizes. While PyGFit has a number of uses, its primary purpose is to extract robust spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from crowded images. It does this by fitting blended sources in crowded, low resolution images with models generated from a higher resolution image. This approach minimizes the impact of crowding and also yields consistently measured fluxes in different filters, minimizing systematic uncertainty in the final SEDs. We present an example of applying PyGFit to real data and perform simulations to test its fidelity. The uncertainty in the best-fit flux rises sharply as a function of nearest-neighbor distance for objects with a neighbor within 60% of the PSF size. Similarly, the uncertainty increases quickly for objects blended with a neighbor more than four times brighter. For all other objects the fidelity of PyGFit's results depends only on flux, and the uncertainty is primarily limited by sky noise.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted to PASP
Ph.Done! Library Employees and Doctoral Degrees
Creators: name: Gammons, Rachel W.
name: Inge-Carpenter, Lindsay
name: Chisholm-Edwards, Nneka
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2023
Subjects: Professional development
Doctoral education

description: Three library employees who are enrolled part-time in doctoral degree programs discuss strategies for managing doctoral work with full-time employment.
High fidelity state mapping performed in a V-type level structure via stimulated Raman transition
Creators: name: Chimczak, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proved that a qubit encoded in excited states of a V-type quantum system cannot be perfectly transferred to the state of the cavity field mode using a single rectangular laser pulse. This obstacle can be overcome by using a two-stage protocol, in which the fidelity of a state-mapping operation can be increased to nearly one.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, final version
Mothman at SemEval-2024 Task 9: An Iterative System for Chain-of-Thought Prompt Optimization
Creators: name: Chen, Alvin Po-Chun
name: Groshan, Ray
name: von Bayern, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Extensive research exists on the performance of large language models on logic-based tasks, whereas relatively little has been done on their ability to generate creative solutions on lateral thinking tasks. The BrainTeaser shared task tests lateral thinking and uses adversarial datasets to prevent memorization, resulting in poor performance for out-of-the-box models. We propose a system for iterative, chain-of-thought prompt engineering which optimizes prompts using human evaluation. Using this shared task, we demonstrate our system's ability to significantly improve model performance by optimizing prompts and evaluate the input dataset.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2024)
Equity Basket Option Product and Valuation
Creators: name: Xiao, Tim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Basket option, European option, option derivatives, option pricing

description: A Basket Option is an option whose payoff depends on the value of a portfolio or basket of assets. The assets in an equity basket option could be equity indices or individual equities. A basket option can be used to hedge the risk exposure to or speculate the market move on the underlying stock basket.
description: https://ia803403.us.archive.org/16/items/eq-basket-3/EqBasket-archive.pdf
Equity Basket Option Product and Valuation
Creators: name: Xiao, Tim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Basket option, European option, option derivatives, option pricing

description: A Basket Option is an option whose payoff depends on the value of a portfolio or basket of assets. The assets in an equity basket option could be equity indices or individual equities. A basket option can be used to hedge the risk exposure to or speculate the market move on the underlying stock basket.
description: https://ia801508.us.archive.org/31/items/eq-basket-3/EqBasket-3.pdf
Japans' modern prints : June 7 - July 22, 1984
Creators: name: Till, Barry, 1951-
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Prints
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1076812
subject: Exhibition catalogs
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1424028
subject: Prints, Japanese
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1076922
subject: Printmakers
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1076809
subject: Art, Japanese
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/816467
subject: Exhibitions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/918097
subject: Art Gallery of Greater Victoria
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/510434
subject: Art
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815177

description: Catalog of an exhibition featuring modern Japanese prints held at the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria. Includes bibliographical references (page 9). Designed by James Bennett and printed by Morriss Printing Company Ltd. Victoria British Columbia.
Signals and memory in tree-ring width and density data
Creators: name: Esper, Jan
name: Schneider, Lea
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Schöne, Bernd R.
name: Büntgen, Ulf
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Weather--Effect of volcanic eruptions on
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Dendroclimatology
subject: Atmosphere
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Climatic changes

description: It has been suggested that maximum latewood density (MXD) should be used instead of tree-ring width (TRW) data to reconstruct post-volcanic cooling effects. A thorough assessment of high frequency signals and potentially differing memory effects in long MXD and TRW chronologies, in response to large volcanic eruptions, is still missing, however. We here present a compilation of MXD and TRW chronologies from 11 sites in the Northern Hemisphere, covering the past 750+ years, and containing significant June–August temperature signals. Basic assessment of the data using Superposed Epoch Analysis reveals a temporally extended response in TRW, by 2–3 years, to large volcanic eruptions, though post-volcanic cooling patterns vary considerably within the Northern Hemisphere network. Comparison with instrumental temperature data demonstrates the TRW chronologies underestimate cold conditions associated with large volcanic eruptions, a bias that is mitigated in the MXD data. While species composition (pine, spruce, larch) has no detectable influence on the cooling patterns, trees from high latitude sites (>60°N) indicate a stronger and delayed (1–2 years) response to large eruptions, compared to the lower latitude sites (<60°N). These basic findings caution against using TRW data for quantitatively estimating post-volcanic cooling and for comparison against the simulated climate effects of volcanic eruptions in models.
title: Rezension zu: Heil, Stefan / Riegger, Manfred: Habitusbildung durch professionelle Simulation: Konzept – Diskurs – Praxis. Für Religionspädagogik und Katechetik
Creators: name: Yagdi, Senol
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2019

description: Österreichisches Religionspädagogisches Forum, 27(1), 307-311
title: Rezension zu: Kaupp, Angela (Hg.): Pluralitätssensible Schulpastoral. Chancen und Herausforderungen angesichts religiöser und kultureller Diversität
Creators: name: Kromer, Ingrid
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2019

description: Österreichisches Religionspädagogisches Forum, 27(1), 312-316
Gamma-ray constraints on dark-matter annihilation to electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons
Creators: name: Fedderke, Michael A.
name: Kolb, Edward W.
name: Lin, Tongyan
name: Wang, Lian-Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark-matter annihilation into electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons results in $γ$-ray emission. We use observational upper limits on the fluxes of both line and continuum $γ$-rays from the Milky Way Galactic Center and from Milky Way dwarf companion galaxies to set exclusion limits on allowed dark-matter masses. (Generally, Galactic Center $γ$-ray line search limits from the Fermi-LAT and the H.E.S.S. experiments are most restrictive.) Our limits apply under the following assumptions: a) the dark matter species is a cold thermal relic with present mass density equal to the measured dark-matter density of the universe; b) dark-matter annihilation to standard-model particles is described in the non-relativistic limit by a single effective operator ${\cal O} \propto J_{DM}\cdot J_{SM}$, where $J_{DM}$ is a standard-model singlet current consisting of dark-matter fields (Dirac fermions or complex scalars), and $J_{SM}$ is a standard-model singlet current consisting of electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons; and c) the dark-matter mass is in the range 5 GeV to 20 TeV. We consider, in turn, the 34 possible operators with mass dimension 8 or lower with non-zero s-wave annihilation channels satisfying the above assumptions. Our limits are presented in a large number of figures, one for each of the 34 possible operators; these limits can be grouped into 13 classes determined by the field content and structure of the operators. We also identify three classes of operators (coupling to the Higgs and $SU(2)_L$ gauge bosons) that can supply a 130 GeV line with the desired strength to fit the putative line signal in Fermi data, while saturating the relic density and satisfying all other indirect constraints we consider.
description: 61 pages, 38 figures
Benchmarking Long-Read Assemblers for Genomic Analyses of Bacterial Pathogens Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing
Creators: name: Chen, Zhao
name: Erickson, David L.
name: Meng, Jianghong
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: whole-genome sequencing
long-read sequencing
Oxford Nanopore sequencing
genome assembly
long-read assembler
genomic analysis
bacterial pathogen
benchmarking

description: Oxford Nanopore sequencing can be used to achieve complete bacterial genomes. However, the error rates of Oxford Nanopore long reads are greater compared to Illumina short reads. Long-read assemblers using a variety of assembly algorithms have been developed to overcome this deficiency, which have not been benchmarked for genomic analyses of bacterial pathogens using Oxford Nanopore long reads. In this study, long-read assemblers, namely Canu, Flye, Miniasm/Racon, Raven, Redbean, and Shasta, were thus benchmarked using Oxford Nanopore long reads of bacterial pathogens. Ten species were tested for mediocre- and low-quality simulated reads, and 10 species were tested for real reads. Raven was the most robust assembler, obtaining complete and accurate genomes. All Miniasm/Racon and Raven assemblies of mediocre-quality reads provided accurate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, while the Raven assembly of Klebsiella variicola with low-quality reads was the only assembly with an accurate AMR profile among all assemblers and species. All assemblers functioned well for predicting virulence genes using mediocre-quality and real reads, whereas only the Raven assemblies of low-quality reads had accurate numbers of virulence genes. Regarding multilocus sequence typing (MLST), Miniasm/Racon was the most effective assembler for mediocre-quality reads, while only the Raven assemblies of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and K. variicola with low-quality reads showed positive MLST results. Miniasm/Racon and Raven were the best performers for MLST using real reads. The Miniasm/Racon and Raven assemblies showed accurate phylogenetic inference. For the pan-genome analyses, Raven was the strongest assembler for simulated reads, whereas Miniasm/Racon and Raven performed the best for real reads. Overall, the most robust and accurate assembler was Raven, closely followed by Miniasm/Racon.
title: Rezension zu: Stockinger, Helena: Umgang mit religiöser Differenz im Kindergarten. Eine ethnographische Studie an Einrichtungen in katholischer und islamischer Trägerschaft
Creators: name: Neuhold, Hans
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2019

description: Österreichisches Religionspädagogisches Forum, 27(1), 317-320
Invariant Discretization of Partial Differential Equations Admitting Infinite-Dimensional Symmetry Groups
Creators: name: Rebelo, Raphael
name: Valiquette, Francis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58J70, 65N06

description: Given a differential equation with infinite-dimensional symmetry pseudo-group it is shown, using an example, that it is generally not possible to construct enough joint invariants to form an invariant numerical scheme of the equation. To circumvent this problem, we propose to discretize the symmetry pseudo-group action. Using the theory of moving frames, joint invariants of the discretized action are algorithmically constructed. Computer simulations indicate that numerical schemes constructed from these joint invariants can produce better numerical results than standard schemes.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Extended NJL model for baryonic matter and quark matter
Creators: name: Xia, Cheng-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By considering baryons as clusters of three quarks, we extend the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model to describe baryonic matter, quark matter, and their transitions in a unified manner, where the Dirac sea and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking are considered. In particular, a density-dependent structural function $α_S$ is introduced to modulate the four(six)-point interaction strengths to reproduce the baryon masses in vacuum and medium. Vector interactions are considered with the exchange of $ω$ and $ρ$ mesons, where the density-dependent coupling constants are fixed by reproducing nuclear matter properties as well as the $Λ$-hyperon potential depth in nuclear medium. As density increases, quarks will emerge as quasi-free particles and coexist with baryons. This phase is interpreted as quarkyonic matter, where quarks are restricted to the lowest energy states in the presence of baryons, i.e., quarks are still confined. Similar to the treatment of $α$ clustering in nuclear medium, a Pauli blocking term is added to baryon masses so that baryons eventually become unbound in the presence of a quark Fermi Sea. Then at large enough densities baryons vanish and a Mott transition takes place, we consider such a transition as deconfinement phase transition. Depending on the strengths of Pauli blocking term and quark-vector meson couplings, both first-order and continues phase transitions are observed for quarkyonic, chiral, and deconfinement phase transitions. The corresponding compact star structures are then investigated and confronted with various astrophysical constraints.
Dependence of soft pion jet properties in the space of relative four-dimensional velocities on initial energy
Creators: name: Okorokov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper experimental results obtained by studying of collective and fractal properties of soft pion jets in the space of relative four-dimensional velocities in intermediate energy domain 2 - 20 GeV are presented. Fractional values of cluster dimension are indicated on manifestation of fractal-like properties by pion jets. The changes of the mean square of the distance between secondary particles and jet axis, the mean kinetic energy of particles in jets and the cluster dimension with increasing of collision energy agree with the hypothesis of manifestation of quark degrees of freedom in processes of pion jet production at intermediate energies. For the first time the quantitative estimations are obtained for the low boundary energy at which quark degrees of freedom start to display itself in production of soft pion jets experimentally. The value of estimation for this parameter derived with taking into account of all used collective parameters is (2.8 \pm 0.6) GeV.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures and 3 tables
Scaling the gas transfer velocity and hydraulic geometry in streams and small rivers
Creators: name: Raymond, Peter A.
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: Butman, David
name: Bott, Thomas L.
name: Potter, Jody
name: Mulholland, Patrick
name: Laursen, Andrew E.
name: McDowell, William H.
name: Newbold, Denis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Stream measurements--Mathematical models
subject: Rivers--Aeration
subject: Turbulence--Mathematical models
subject: Hydrology--Mathematical models
subject: Hydrology
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Scaling is an integral component of ecology and earth science. To date, the ability to determine the importance of air–water gas exchange across large spatial scales is hampered partly by our ability to scale the gas transfer velocity and stream hydraulics. Here we report on a metadata analysis of 563 direct gas tracer release experiments that examines scaling laws for the gas transfer velocity. We found that the gas transfer velocity scales with the product of stream slope and velocity, which is in alignment with theory on stream energy dissipation. In addition to providing equations that predict the gas transfer velocity based on stream hydraulics, we used our hydraulic data set to report a new set of hydraulic exponents and coefficients that allow the prediction of stream width, depth, and velocity based on discharge. Finally, we report a new table of gas Schmidt number dependencies to allow researchers to estimate a gas transfer velocity using our equation for many gasses of interest.
Evaluating the Impact of the 2020 Iowa Derecho on Corn and Soybean Fields Using Synthetic Aperture Radar
Creators: name: Hosseini, Mehdi
name: Kerner, Hannah R.
name: Sahajpal, Ritvik
name: Puricelli, Estefania
name: Lu, Yu-Hsiang
name: Lawal, Afolarin Fahd
name: Humber, Michael L.
name: Mitkish, Mary
name: Meyer, Seth
name: Becker-Reshef, Inbal
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: SAR
derecho
crop damage
corn
soybean

description: On 10 August 2020, a series of intense and fast-moving windstorms known as a derecho caused widespread damage across Iowa’s (the top US corn-producing state) agricultural regions. This severe weather event bent and flattened crops over approximately one-third of the state. Immediate evaluation of the disaster’s impact on agricultural lands, including maps of crop damage, was critical to enabling a rapid response by government agencies, insurance companies, and the agricultural supply chain. Given the very large area impacted by the disaster, satellite imagery stands out as the most efficient means of estimating the disaster impact. In this study, we used time-series of Sentinel-1 data to detect the impacted fields. We developed an in-season crop type map using Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data to assess the impact on important commodity crops. We intersected a SAR-based damage map with an in-season crop type map to create damaged area maps for corn and soybean fields. In total, we identified 2.59 million acres as damaged by the derecho, consisting of 1.99 million acres of corn and 0.6 million acres of soybean fields. Also, we categorized the impacted fields to three classes of mild impacts, medium impacts and high impacts. In total, 1.087 million acres of corn and 0.206 million acres of soybean were categorized as high impacted fields.
Solutions of Conformal Israel-Stewart Relativistic Viscous Fluid Dynamics
Creators: name: Marrochio, Hugo
name: Noronha, Jorge
name: Denicol, Gabriel S.
name: Luzum, Matthew
name: Jeon, Sangyong
name: Gale, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use symmetry arguments developed by Gubser to construct the first radially-expanding explicit solutions of the Israel-Stewart formulation of hydrodynamics. Along with a general semi-analytical solution, an exact analytical solution is given which is valid in the cold plasma limit where viscous effects from shear viscosity and the relaxation time coefficient are important. The radially expanding solutions presented in this paper can be used as nontrivial checks of numerical algorithms employed in hydrodynamic simulations of the quark-gluon plasma formed in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. We show this explicitly by comparing such analytic and semi-analytic solutions with the corresponding numerical solutions obtained using the MUSIC viscous hydrodynamics simulation code.
description: 11 pages, 16 figure. Tables with the semi-analytical solutions of Israel-Stewart theory are included in this submission
Super-Earths and Earth-like Exoplanets
Creators: name: Lichtenberg, Tim
name: Miguel, Yamila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last few years astronomical surveys have expanded the reach of planetary science into the realm of small and dense extrasolar worlds. These share a number of characteristics with the terrestrial and icy planetary objects of the Solar System, but keep stretching previous understanding of the known limits of planetary thermodynamics, material properties, and climate regimes. Improved compositional and thermal constraints on exoplanets below $\sim$2 Earth radii suggest efficient accretion of atmosphere-forming volatile elements in a fraction of planetary systems, pointing to rapid formation, planet-scale melting, and chemical equilibration between the core, mantle, and atmosphere of rocky and volatile-rich exoplanets. Meaningful interpretation of novel observational data from these worlds necessitates cross-disciplinary expansion of known material properties under extreme thermodynamic, non-solar conditions, and accounting for dynamic feedbacks between interior and atmospheric processes. Exploration of the atmosphere and surface composition of individual, short-period super-Earths in the next few years will enable key inferences on magma ocean dynamics, the redox state of rocky planetary mantles, and mixing between volatile and refractory phases in planetary regimes that are absent from the present-day Solar System, and reminiscent of the conditions of the prebiotic Earth. The atmospheric characterization of climate diversity and the statistical search for biosignatures on terrestrial exoplanets on temperate orbits will require space-based direct imaging surveys, capable of resolving emission features of major and trace gases in both shortwave and mid-infrared wavelengths.
description: 39 pages, 11 figures; review chapter accepted for publication in Treatise on Geochemistry, 3rd edition
On General Off-Shell Representations of Worldline (1D) Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Doran, Charles F.
name: Hubsch, Tristan
name: Iga, Kevin M.
name: Landweber, Gregory D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Every finite-dimensional unitary representation of the N-extended worldline supersymmetry without central charges may be obtained by a sequence of differential transformations from a direct sum of minimal Adinkras, simple supermultiplets that are identifiable with representations of the Clifford algebra. The data specifying this procedure is a sequence of subspaces of the direct sum of Adinkras, which then opens an avenue for classification of the continuum of so constructed off-shell supermultiplets.
description: 21 pages, 5 illustrations; references updated
Geodesic completeness, cosmological bounces and inflation
Creators: name: Garcia-Saenz, Sebastian
name: Hua, Junjie
name: Zhao, Yunke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of geodesic completeness of cosmological spacetimes has recently received renewed scrutiny. A particularly interesting result is the observation that the well-known Borde-Guth-Vilenkin (BGV) theorem may misdiagnose geodesically complete cosmologies. We propose a simple amendment to the BGV theorem which addresses such loopholes while retaining much of its generality. We give straightforward proofs of some recently offered conjectures concerning (generalized) Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetimes: geodesic completeness implies (i) the existence of a bounce, loitering phase or an emergent cosmology, and (ii) a phase of accelerated expansion with strictly increasing Hubble rate. Our results are purely kinematic and do not assume general relativity or energy conditions.
description: 5 pages; v2: references added
Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Crop Yield and Irrigation in the Monocacy River Watershed, USA
Creators: name: Paul, Manashi
name: Dangol, Sijal
name: Kholodovsky, Vitaly
name: Sapkota, Amy R.
name: Negahban-Azar, Masoud
name: Lansing, Stephanie
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: representative concentration pathways (RCPs)
global climate models (GCMs)
adaptation
soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)
hydrology

description: Crop yield depends on multiple factors, including climate conditions, soil characteristics, and available water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of projected temperature and precipitation changes on crop yields in the Monocacy River Watershed in the Mid-Atlantic United States based on climate change scenarios. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to simulate watershed hydrology and crop yield. To evaluate the effect of future climate projections, four global climate models (GCMs) and three representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5, 6, and 8.5) were used in the SWAT model. According to all GCMs and RCPs, a warmer climate with a wetter Autumn and Spring and a drier late Summer season is anticipated by mid and late century in this region. To evaluate future management strategies, water budget and crop yields were assessed for two scenarios: current rainfed and adaptive irrigated conditions. Irrigation would improve corn yields during mid-century across all scenarios. However, prolonged irrigation would have a negative impact due to nutrients runoff on both corn and soybean yields compared to rainfed condition. Decision tree analysis indicated that corn and soybean yields are most influenced by soil moisture, temperature, and precipitation as well as the water management practice used (i.e., rainfed or irrigated). The computed values from the SWAT modeling can be used as guidelines for water resource managers in this watershed to plan for projected water shortages and manage crop yields based on projected climate change conditions.
Diagnosing a strong topological insulator by quantum oscillations
Creators: name: Ramazashvili, Revaz
name: Bègue, Frédéric
name: Pujol, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how quantum oscillation measurements of surface states in an insulator may allow to diagnose a strong topological insulator and distinguish it from its weak or topologically trivial counterpart. The criterion is defined by the parity of the number of fundamental frequencies in the surface-state quantum oscillation spectrum: an even number of frequencies implies a weak or a topologically trivial insulator, whereas an odd number points to a strong topological insulator. We also discuss various aspects and issues related to applying this criterion in practice.
description: 5.5 pages, 2 figures
Sea breeze forcing of estuary turbulence and air-water CO2 exchange
Creators: name: Orton, Philip M.
name: McGillis, Wade R.
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric turbulence
subject: Sea breeze
subject: Estuaries--Research
subject: Atmospheric carbon dioxide
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Atmospheric chemistry

description: The sea breeze is often a dominant meteorological feature at the coastline, but little is known about its estuarine impacts. Measurements at an anchored catamaran and meteorological stations along the Hudson River and New York Bay estuarine system are used to illustrate some basic characteristics and impacts of the feature. The sea breeze propagates inland, arriving in phase with peak solar forcing at seaward stations, but several hours later at up-estuary stations. Passage of the sea breeze front raises the water-to-air CO2 flux by 1–2 orders of magnitude, and drives turbulence comparable to spring tide levels in the upper meter of the water column, where most primary productivity occurs in this highly turbid system. Modeling and observational studies often use remotely-measured winds to compute air-water fluxes (e.g., momentum, CO2), and this leads to a factor of two flux error on sea breeze days during the study.
Novel Modular Rhodopsins from Green Algae Hold Great Potential for Cellular Optogenetic Modulation Across the Biological Model Systems
Creators: name: Awasthi, Mayanka
name: Sushmita, Kumari
name: Kaushik, Manish Singh
name: Ranjan, Peeyush
name: Kateriya, Suneel
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: enzyme-rhodopsin
channelrhodopsins
optogenetics
two-component system
cyclase
phosphodiesterase

description: Light-gated ion channel and ion pump rhodopsins are widely used as optogenetic tools and these can control the electrically excitable cells as (1) they are a single-component system i.e., their light sensing and ion-conducting functions are encoded by the 7-transmembrane domains and, (2) they show fast kinetics with small dark-thermal recovery time. In cellular signaling, a signal receptor, modulator, and the effector components are involved in attaining synchronous regulation of signaling. Optical modulation of the multicomponent network requires either receptor to effector encoded in a single ORF or direct modulation of the effector domain through bypassing all upstream players. Recently discovered modular rhodopsins like rhodopsin guanylate cyclase (RhoGC) and rhodopsin phosphodiesterase (RhoPDE) paves the way to establish a proof of concept for utilization of complex rhodopsin (modular rhodopsin) for optogenetic applications. Light sensor coupled modular system could be expressed in any cell type and hence holds great potential in the advancement of optogenetics 2.0 which would enable manipulating the entire relevant cell signaling system. Here, we had identified 50 novel modular rhodopsins with variant domains and their diverse cognate signaling cascades encoded in a single ORF, which are associated with specialized functions in the cells. These novel modular algal rhodopsins have been characterized based on their sequence and structural homology with previously reported rhodopsins. The presented novel modular rhodopsins with various effector domains leverage the potential to expand the optogenetic tool kit to regulate various cellular signaling pathways across the diverse biological model systems.
Sequence selection in an autocatalytic binary polymer model
Creators: name: Tanaka, Shinpei
name: Fellermann, Harold
name: Rasmussen, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An autocatalytic pattern matching polymer system is studied as an abstract model for chemical ecosystem evolution. Highly ordered populations with particular sequence patterns appear spontaneously out of a vast number of possible states. The interplay between the selected microscopic sequence patterns and the macroscopic cooperative structures is examined. Stability, fluctuations, and evolutionary selection mechanisms are investigated for the involved self-organizing processes.
title: Kurzgefaste Nachricht von einer zum Heil der Juden und Muhammedaner errichteten Anstalt; [ca. 1740]
title: zum Preiß Gottes und aufmerksamer Betrachtung der Werke des Herrn in unsern Tagen herausgegeben
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2008

description: In Fraktur
Transient ageing in fractional Brownian and Langevin equation motion
Creators: name: Kursawe, Jochen
name: Schulz, Johannes
name: Metzler, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic processes driven by stationary fractional Gaussian noise, that is, fractional Brownian motion and fractional Langevin equation motion, are usually considered to be ergodic in the sense that, after an algebraic relaxation, time and ensemble averages of physical observables coincide. Recently it was demonstrated that fractional Brownian motion and fractional Langevin equation motion under external confinement are transiently non-ergodic---time and ensemble averages behave differently---from the moment when the particle starts to sense the confinement. Here we show that these processes also exhibit transient ageing, that is, physical observables such as the time averaged mean squared displacement depend on the time lag between the initiation of the system at time $t=0$ and the start of the measurement at the ageing time $t_a$. In particular, it turns out that for fractional Langevin equation motion the ageing dependence on $t_a$ is different between the cases of free and confined motion. We obtain explicit analytical expressions for the aged moments of the particle position as well as the time averaged mean squared displacement and present a numerical analysis of this transient ageing phenomenon.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, RevTeX
Environmental turbulent mixing controls on air-water gas exchange in marine and aquatic systems
Creators: name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: McGillis, Wade R.
name: Raymond, Peter A.
name: Edson, James B.
name: Hintsa, Eric J.
name: Zemmelink, Hendrik J.
name: Dacey, John W. H.
name: Ho, David T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
subject: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)--Research
subject: Energy dissipation
subject: Turbulence
subject: Atmospheric chemistry
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Air-water gas transfer influences CO2 and other climatically important trace gas fluxes on regional and global scales, yet the magnitude of the transfer is not well known. Widely used models of gas exchange rates are based on empirical relationships linked to wind speed, even though physical processes other than wind are known to play important roles. Here the first field investigations are described supporting a new mechanistic model based on surface water turbulence that predicts gas exchange for a range of aquatic and marine processes. Findings indicate that the gas transfer rate varies linearly with the turbulent dissipation rate to the equation image power in a range of systems with different types of forcing - in the coastal ocean, in a macro-tidal river estuary, in a large tidal freshwater river, and in a model (i.e., artificial) ocean. These results have important implications for understanding carbon cycling.
"Bitte lass mich nicht allein" : hundgestützte Ergotherapie bei Menschen mit Demenz - ein evidenzbasiertes Update
Creators: name: Egger, Crystel
name: Perrier, Raphaël
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2017
Subjects: Dog-assisted therapy
Dog
Occupational therapy
Dementia
Quality of life
Participation
Bieler Modell
615.8515: Ergotherapie

description: Einleitung: Hunde gehören in der Schweiz zu den beliebtesten Haustieren. Trotzdem wird insbesondere in der Ergotherapie der Hund erst vereinzelt als Therapiemittel eingesetzt. Dabei könnte besonders bei Menschen mit Demenz die Hundgestützte Ergotherapie einen neuen betätigungsbasierten Zugang ermöglichen. Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, anhand von aktueller Forschungsliteratur aufzuzeigen, wie Hundgestützte Therapie als ergotherapeutische Intervention Menschen mit Demenz in ihrer Lebensqualität und in der Partizipation im Alltag unterstützen kann.

Methode: Damit die Fragestellung beantwortet werden kann, erfolgt eine ausführliche Literaturrecherche auf den themenspezifischen Datenbanken CINAHL, Medline, OTDBASE, psycINFO und Google Scholar. Aus allen Treffern werden danach aufgrund von Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien die vier Hauptstudien ausgewählt.

Ergebnisse: Die Resultate weisen darauf hin, dass Hundgestützte Therapie bei Menschen mit Demenz zu einer Verbesserung diverser Aspekte der Lebensqualität und der Partizipation führen kann. Allerdings können nur wenige statistisch signifikante Ergebnisse ausgemacht werden.

Diskussion: Durch eine Hundgestützte Ergotherapie können sowohl die personalen als auch die lebensbereichsbezogenen Handlungsbedingungen gemäss Bieler Modell (Nieuwesteeg-Gutzwiller und Somazzi, 2010) positiv beeinflusst werden. Weitere Forschung ist jedoch nötig, um diese Erkenntnisse zu festigen.
A Ground-based Optical Transmission Spectrum of WASP-6b
Creators: name: Jordán, Andrés
name: Espinoza, Néstor
name: Rabus, Markus
name: Eyheramendy, Susana
name: Sing, David K.
name: Désert, Jean-Michel
name: Bakos, Gáspár Á.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: López-Morales, Mercedes
name: Maxted, Pierre F. L.
name: Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.
name: Szentgyorgyi, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a ground based optical transmission spectrum of the inflated sub-Jupiter mass planet WASP-6b. The spectrum was measured in twenty spectral channels from 480 nm to 860nm using a series of 91 spectra over a complete transit event. The observations were carried out using multi-object differential spectrophotometry with the IMACS spectrograph on the Baade telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. We model systematic effects on the observed light curves using principal component analysis on the comparison stars, and allow for the presence of short and long memory correlation structure in our Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis of the transit light curves for WASP-6. The measured transmission spectrum presents a general trend of decreasing apparent planetary size with wavelength and lacks evidence for broad spectral features of Na and K predicted by clear atmosphere models. The spectrum is consistent with that expected for scattering that is more efficient in the blue, as could be caused by hazes or condensates in the atmosphere of WASP-6b. WASP-6b therefore appears to be yet another massive exoplanet with evidence for a mostly featureless transmission spectrum, underscoring the importance that hazes and condensates can have in determining the transmission spectra of exoplanets.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Enhancing (quasi-)long-range order in a two-dimensional driven crystal
Creators: name: Maire, R.
name: Plati, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently shown that 2D systems can exhibit crystalline phases with long-range translational order showcasing a striking violation of the Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner (HMW) theorem which is valid at equilibrium. This is made possible by athermal driving mechanisms that inject energy into the system without exciting long wavelength modes of the density field, thereby inducing hyperuniformity. However, as thermal fluctuations are superimposed on the non-equilibrium driving, long-range translational order is inevitably lost. Here, we discuss the possibility of exploiting non-equilibrium effects to suppress arbitrarily large density fluctuations even when a global thermal bath is coupled to the system. We introduce a model of a harmonic crystal driven both by a global thermal bath and by a momentum conserving noise, where the typical observables related to density fluctuations and long-range translational order can be analytically derived and put in relation. This model allows us to rationalize the violation of the HMW theorem observed in previous studies through the prediction of large-wavelength phonons which thermalize at a vanishing effective temperature when the global bath is switched off. The conceptual framework introduced through this theory is then applied to numerical simulations of a hard-disk solid in contact with a thermal bath and driven out-of-equilibrium by active collisions. Our numerical analysis demonstrates how varying driving and dissipative parameters can lead to an arbitrary enhancement of the quasi-long-range order in the system regardless of the applied global noise amplitude. Finally, we outline a possible experimental procedure to apply our results to a realistic granular system.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures (updated version after publication)