cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparing Difficulties in Starting Work in the United States for Internationally Educated Nurses from High and Middle/Low-Income Countries
Creators: name: Litynski, Gillian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Research has shown that a significant of nurses migrate to the United States from all
around the world making up 3-5% of the United States (US) nursing work force. The
immigration process has many difficulties surrounding it. Some nurses are actively recruited to
the United States and some research has shown that if they are recruited from low-income
countries they are more likely to be recruited unethically than if they are recruited from high-income
countries. This study added to the pool of knowledge on internationally educated nurses
by answering the following objectives; 1) identify the top high and middle/low income countries
from which nurses were recruited, 2) describe who helped internationally educated nurses (IEN)
to find employment in the US, and see if there results significantly differed from high income
countries versus middle/low income countries; and 3) compare the difficulties experienced while
starting work in the US as an RN by high-income country nurse migrants and middle/low income
country nurse migrants. This study found that most IEN emigrated from middle/low income
countries. It also found that middle/low income nurse migrants are more likely to had found
employment in the US by a recruitment agency or family/friends. Finally it showed that
middle/low income nurse migrants were more likely to have difficulties surrounding starting
work in the US, while high-income country nurse migrants were more likely to report no
difficulties upon starting work in the US.
Quarkonium Hybrids with Nonrelativistic Effective Field Theories
Creators: name: Berwein, Matthias
name: Brambilla, Nora
name: Castella, Jaume Tarrus
name: Vairo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a nonrelativistic effective field theory description of heavy quarkonium hybrids from QCD. We identify the symmetries of the system made of a heavy quark, a heavy antiquark, and glue in the static limit. Corrections to this limit can be obtained order by order in an expansion in the inverse of the mass $m$ of the heavy quark. At order $1/m$ in the expansion, we obtain at the level of potential Non-Relativistic QCD a system of coupled Schrödinger equations that describes hybrid spin-symmetry multiplets, including the mixing of different static energies into the hybrid states, an effect known as $Λ$-doubling in molecular physics. In the short distance, the static potentials depend on two nonperturbative parameters, the gluelump mass and the quadratic slope, which can be determined from lattice calculations. We adopt a renormalon subtraction scheme for the calculation of the perturbative part of the potential. We numerically solve the coupled Schrödinger equations and obtain the masses for the lowest lying spin-symmetry multiplets for $c\bar{c}$, $b\bar{c}$, and $b\bar{b}$ hybrids. The $Λ$-doubling effect breaks the degeneracy between opposite parity spin-symmetry multiplets and lowers the mass of the multiplets that get mixed contributions of different static energies. We compare our findings to the experimental data, direct lattice computations, sum rules calculations, and discuss the relation to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
description: 63 pages, 8 figures. v2: references added
Democracy in new European countries: from where? case study: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo
Creators: name: Gila, Denis
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: democracy
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Europe
Kosovo

description: Second semester University: University of Helsinki
description: After the fall of the Berlin wall, the conflicts in the contemporary world changed their nature, from an inter-state to inter-ethnic. There have been many discussions about the sovereignty of the States and the humanitarian interventions on the solution of the conflicts, but still many countries have seen the international intervention, occupying the territories or administering them with different degree of intervention. There have been different models applied in the conflicting territories that somehow have resolved the conflict but still peace is under discussion. On the focus of this master’s thesis is the consociational democracy model implemented in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Kosovo. In the former one this model seems to be ineffective and in latter one the model has still to be proved. In these pages, there is an attempt to discover the effectiveness of the model implemented and the main obstacles that are still impeding the development of the countries. The model has been treated in its constitutive elements and the conditions for its functionality. On the other side there is an attempt to show where the model comes from. In the following pages we look forward to seek if there are other alternatives to this model considering that the ethnic conflict is still frozen and it is being evident in other regions.
Numerical study of DNA denaturation with self-avoidance: pseudo-critical temperatures and finite size behaviour
Creators: name: Coluzzi, Barbara
name: Yeramian, Edouard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an extensive numerical study of the disordered Poland-Scheraga (PS) model for DNA denaturation in which self-avoidance is completely taken into account. In complement to our previous work, we focus here on the finite size scaling in terms of pseudo-critical temperatures. We find notably that the mean value and the fluctuations of the pseudo-$T_c$ scale with the same exponent, the correlation length exponent $ν_r$ (for which we provide the refined evaluation $ν_r=2.9 \pm 0.4$). This result (coherent with the typical picture that describes random ferromagnets, when disorder is relevant) is at variance with numerical results reported in the literature for the PS model with self-avoidance, leading to an alternative scenario with a pseudo first order transition. We moreover introduce a crossover chain length $N^*$, which we evaluate, appropriate for characterizing the approach to the asymptotic regime in this model. Essentially, below $N^*$, the behaviour of the model in our study could also agree with such alternative scenario. Based on an approximate prediction of the dependence of $N^*$ on the parameters of the model, we show that following the choice of such parameters it could be not possible to reach the asymptotic regime in practice. In such context it becomes then possible to reconcile the apparently contradictory numerical studies.
description: 31 pages with 20 ps figures. Revised version with major improvements in the presentation of the results and some references added. This is the manuscript version that has been accepted for publication
Perceived Discrimination, Psychopathology, and Racial Socialization in Preschool-Aged Children
Creators: name: Foxworth, Megan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The aim of this study was two-fold; the first was to gauge Black and White children’s exposure to
discrimination and the impact on their well-being and secondly to take a more in-depth look at black
children by looking at the extent that socialization might mitigate the effects of discrimination. Despite
adverse conditions, racial/ethnic minority youth, specifically Black youth, demonstrate resilience in the
face of adversity. Parents aid in the development of resilience through practices like racial socialization
and fostering a safe environment for identity development. Racial socialization has been shown to
moderate the effects of discrimination on outcomes like school performance, mood, depression,
substance-use, and self-esteem in adolescence. The current study aimed to test the interaction between
socialization messages, racial discrimination and age and evaluate the differences in discrimination,
vigilance and psychopathology in Black and Nonblack groups. Racial socialization will be measured
using the Racial Socialization Questionnaire- Parent Version. Racial Discrimination will be gauged
through a proxy of the parents’ experiences of discrimination using the Williams Everyday-
Discrimination Scale, Major Experiences of Discrimination Scale and the Heightened Vigilance Scale.
Psychopathology will be assessed through parent report on the Child Behavior Checklist. Racial
socialization did not correlate with age, discrimination exposure or externalizing and internalizing
symptoms, providing no evidence that socialization buffers discrimination exposure or is impacted by
age. There was no difference in psychopathology, discrimination, and vigilance between Black and
Nonblack groups; however, there was a significant relationship between heightened vigilance and
psychopathology in Black children, and the inverse relationship beginning to form in the Nonblack group,
which provides evidence that vigilance operates in different ways within the two groups.
AbCD: A Component-wise Adjustable Framework for Dynamic Optimization Problems
Creators: name: Mascarenhas, Alexandre
name: Lavinas, Yuri
name: Aranha, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dynamic Optimization Problems (DOPs) are characterized by changes in the fitness landscape that can occur at any time and are common in real world applications. The main issues to be considered include detecting the change in the fitness landscape and reacting in accord. Over the years, several evolutionary algorithms have been proposed to take into account this characteristic during the optimization process. However, the number of available tools or open source codebases for these approaches is limited, making reproducibility and extensive experimentation difficult. To solve this, we developed a component-oriented framework for DOPs called Adjustable Components for Dynamic Problems (AbCD), inspired by similar works in the Multiobjective static domain. Using this framework, we investigate components that were proposed in several popular DOP algorithms. Our experiments show that the performance of these components depends on the problem and the selected components used in a configuration, which differs from the results reported in the literature. Using irace, we demonstrate how this framework can automatically generate DOP algorithm configurations that take into account the characteristics of the problem to be solved. Our results highlight existing problems in the DOP field that need to be addressed in the future development of algorithms and components.
The Effect of Routine Analytical Analysis on Student Confidence in a Pharmaceutical Care Laboratory Curriculum
Creators: name: Weddendorf, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Historically, compounding has been a fundamental component of pharmacy practice.
Traditional pharmacy compounding involves the altering, combining, and/or mixing of
pharmaceutical ingredients to create a customized medication prescribed to meet the
needs of an individual patient by a licensed medical practitioner1. The safety and
efficacy of new medications created through compounding are rarely evaluated, and are
dependent upon the equipment and skill level of the pharmacists preparing them. For
this reason, compounding skills and techniques are included in the curriculum of many
schools of pharmacy in the United States; however, a standardized curriculum for
compounding does not exist. Furthermore, few schools of pharmacy use a quantitative
method to evaluate the accuracy of compounded preparations made by student
pharmacists. According to an article published in the American Journal of
Pharmaceutical Education in 2014, which included 77 second-year PharmD students,
58% of samples collected were outside the acceptable potency range in which the
range of error reported from the labeled potency was 0.6% to 140%2. The results of this
study are consistent with the findings of two FDA investigations on a national level that
reported ranges from labeled potency of 59% to 89% and 68% to 268%3,4. At the UNC
Eshelman School of Pharmacy analytical analysis is a routine part of the compounding
curriculum. Students are required to remake compounded preparations that fall outside
of the USP acceptable range of ± 10% of the labeled potency. The purpose of this
research study is to evaluate the confidence of student pharmacists in their ability to
make compounded preparations as part of a pharmacy education program.
"Silent holocaust: bioethics and morality against the culture of death" : womens freedom of choice or embryos right to life?
Creators: name: Garcia Penate, Maria Victoria
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: abortion
bioethics
dignity
genetics
health
medical ethics

description: Second semester University: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
description: Today the world is witnessing the violation of some human values e.g. the respect of others life. With the scientific and technological progress, international instruments are necessary. For this reason, the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine has been ratified for the protection of human rights (HR) and dignity of the human being with regard to the application of biology and medicine to guarantee human rights protection. The world is becoming scenario of ideologies, promoted by international organizations and governments which are seeking to obtain the biggest slice of the pie, attacking the fundamental principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The social problems we witness every day are accepted by our society: Poverty, lack of education, family breakdown, sexual and domestic violence, they are now part of our culture. It is for this reason that this thesis will seek to promote the values and morality, and thus promote the meaning and value of life and respect for ontological dignity of the human being as a subject and not as an object of society under the mercy of political, economic and social ideologies that destroy humans life’s Bioethics and morality play an important role to justify through science and reason the value of human beings based on a universal morality of human rights.
Origin of the thickness-dependent low-temperature enhancement of spin Seebeck effect in YIG films
Creators: name: Guo, Er-Jia
name: Kehlberger, Andreas
name: Cramer, Joel
name: Jakob, Gerhard
name: Kläui, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependent longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in heavy metal (HM)/ Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) bilayers is investigated as a function of different magnetic field strength, different HM detection material, and YIG thickness ranging from nm to mm. A large enhancement of the SSE signal is observed at low temperatures leading to a peak of the signal amplitude. We demonstrate that this enhancement shows a clear dependence on the film thickness, being more pronounced for thicker films and vanishing for films thinner than 600 nm. The peak temperature depends on the applied magnetic field strength as well as on the detection material and interface, revealing a more complex behavior beyond the currently discussed phonon-magnon coupling mechanism that considers only bulk effects. While the thickness dependence and magnetic field dependence can be well explained in the framework of the magnon-driven SSE by taking into account the frequency dependent propagation length of thermally excited magnons in the bulk material, the temperature dependence of the SSE is significantly influenced by the interface coupling to an adjacent detection layer. This indicates that previously neglected interface effects play a key role and that the spin current traversing the interface and being detected in the HM depends differently on the magnon frequency for different HMs.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Sogana stimulata Melichar 1914
Creators: name: Constant, Jerome
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tropiduchidae
Sogana
Sogana stimulata

description: Sogana stimulata Melichar, 1914 (Figs 1 A–E, 3) Sogana stimulata Melichar, 1914: 115; Metcalf, 1954: 132; Wilson & Malenovsky, 2007: 145; Liang & Wang, 2008: 41. Geographical data (Wilson & Malenovsky, 2007): Indonesia, Mentawei Islands: Si Oban (coordinates: 2°11'S 99°43'E); “ Sumatra ”. Note. the specimen recorded from Sumatra is a female. Additional material from Sumatra is necessary in order to confirm the presence of the species on the island.
description: Published as part of Constant, Jerome, 2010, Sogana from the Greater Sunda (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae), pp. 63-68 in Zootaxa 2693 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2693.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5303633
description: {"references": ["Melichar, L. (1914) Monographie der Tropiduchiden. Verhandlungen des naturforshenden Vereines in Brunn, 53, 1 - 145.", "Wilson, M. & Malenovsky, I. (2007) Tropiduchidae described by Leopold Melichar (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno), 92, 137 - 153.", "Liang, A. - P. & Wang, R. R. (2008) A review of the Oriental planthopper genus Sogana Matsumura 1914 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 1732, 29 - 44."]}
Voluntary Cough and Clinical Swallow Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Controls
Creators: Mishra, Avinash
Sheppard, Justine J.
Gordon, Andrew Michael
Levy, Erika S.
Troche, Michelle Shevon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Deglutition disorders
Deglutition
Cough
Cerebral palsy

description: Dysphagia and resulting pulmonary sequelae are frequently observed in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). However, physiological evidence regarding airway protective behaviors (specifically swallowing and cough function) in these children is sparse. The aim of this investigation was to quantify specific feeding, swallowing and cough impairments in children with SCP compared to controls. Eleven children with SCP (mean age: 7 + 2 years; GMFCS: I-V; MACS: I-V) and 10 age-matched controls participated. Clinical feeding and swallowing performance was evaluated with the Dysphagia Disorder Survey (DDS) using standardized liquid, puree, and chewable solid consistencies. Suprahyoid muscle activity and respiratory-swallow patterns were assessed with simultaneous surface electromyography and respiratory inductance plethysmography as children swallowed the various consistencies. Voluntary cough airflow measures were also obtained. Nonparametric tests were used for group comparisons and correlational analyses. Compared to controls, children with SCP demonstrated more signs of clinical feeding and swallowing impairment (p < .0001, η2 = .771), heightened suprahyoid muscle activity for puree (p = .014, η2 = .305) and chewable solids (p = .001, η2 = .528), more frequent post-swallow inhalation across liquid (p = .005, η2 = .401), puree (p = .014, η2 = .304) and chewable solids (p = .035, η2 = .223), and lower cough volume acceleration (p = .019, η2 = .289). Post-swallow inhalation for chewable solids was correlated with the DDS Part 1 (rs = .734, p = .010), DDS Part 2 (rs = .610, p = .046) and the DDS Total scores (rs = .673, p = .023). This study is the first to provide evidence of specific physiological deficits of both swallowing and voluntary cough in children with SCP. Potential hypotheses explaining these deficits and implications for physiologically driven management are explored.
Family ties that bind: same-sex, same best interest : an analysis of the European Court of Human Rights approach to the best interests of the child in gay parenting cases
Creators: name: Faria, Gabriel : Alves De
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: children rights
European Court of Human Rights
family
Europe
gender identity
same-sex marriage
sexual orientation

description: Second semester University: Utrecht University
description: Those who talk can be heard. Those who are allowed to talk may be listened to. This study is an attempt to give legal voice to those who cannot talk or are usually not listened to: children. This study is about the attention given to their interests, the best interests of the child. When these interests are immersed in a minority context, children may be overlooked for different reasons, including discriminatory attitudes or prejudice regarding their families. Law and its interpretation must be changed in order to include the difference. This study discusses the best interests of the child principle with special attention to its legal relevance in cases where lesbians, gays, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) are, or want to be, parents. The authoritative source for the interpretation of the principle is the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The analysis focuses on the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and its case law. The study aims to explore the Court‟s approach to the best interest of the child and identify whether the principle is being consistently applied in cases involving LGBT families, given the fact that sexual orientation and gender identity are still sensitive issues in Europe. This is done by comparing these cases to cases lodged by applicants who were not identified as belonging to sexual minorities. The margin of appreciation doctrine and the lack of European consensus on sexual minorities‟ rights are confronted with the urgent paramount consideration that has to be given to children‟s best interests. The analysis explores whether there is room for detecting a possible Court‟s biased approach towards the concept of the best interests of the child. This study challenges the Court‟s decisions in the sense that the focus should not only be at the LGBT parents‟ rights to private and family life, but also at the interests of their daughters and sons. This is an attempt to call upon the ECtHR and all States not only to actively fight against LGBT discrimination, but, ultimately, to stop interpreting the concept of the best interests of the child in an arguably biased way, and to consider the principle‟s legal value in any decision, regardless of their parents‟ sexual orientation or any other distinction.
Interference Effect on Resonance Studies in Searches of Heavy Particles
Creators: name: Bian, Ligong
name: Liu, Da
name: Shu, Jing
name: Zhang, Yongchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interference between resonance signal and continuum background can be either constructive or destructive, depending on the relative sign of couplings between the signal and background amplitudes. Different interference schemes lead to asymmetric distortions of the resonance line shape, which could be distinguished in experiments, when the internal resonance width is larger than the detector resolution. Interpreting the ATLAS diboson excesses by means of a toy $W'$ model as an illustrative example (though it is disfavored by the 13 TeV data), we find that the signs of resonance couplings can only be revealed in the line shape measurements up to a high confidence level at a high luminosity, which could bring us further information on the underlying theory beyond resonance searches at future lepton and hadron colliders.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, minor corrections, to appear in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Sewage Waste on San Cristobal Island: It's Not Just a Numbers Game
Creators: name: Steel, Shannon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The purpose of this research is to examine the dynamic relationship between the growing human
presence and the availability and functionality of wastewater infrastructure in the Galapagos
Islands, Ecuador. The basic intent is to describe how both components of this relationship
impact a sewage network’s management of fecal contaminants from entering domestic water
supplies and the marine environment. Primary data have been collected from San Cristobal
Island in the Galapagos Islands. Chapter 1 describes geographic, political, and social
characteristics of the Galapagos that make it important and difficult to adequately manage the
wastewater produced in the Islands. Chapter 2 provides an overview of scholarly and non-scholarly
discourses regarding the causes of human-related environmental impacts in the
Galapagos Islands. This thesis supports the notion, common among scholarly discourse, that
environmental impacts in the Galapagos are not simply due to residential population increase,
tourism growth, and lack of population control. Rather, the magnitude of these environmental
impacts occurs from the implementation and management of public services like recycling and
trash collection and the maintenance of infrastructure such as the San Cristobal sewage system.
Chapter 3 includes a description of the primary data collection methodology and the figures
created using this primary data. Chapter 4 provides a discussion of anecdotal evidence and
information from the figures to describe how the data suggests possible deficiencies in the
maintenance and functionality of the sewage network system of Puerto Baquerizo Moreno on
San Cristobal Island. Chapter 4 also promotes the notion that the apparent leakage of sewage
residuals into coastal marine areas and the possible contamination of the domestic water supply
through cross-contamination of pipelines is not only a product of a growing human population on
San Cristobal; it is also the result of the limited governance, maintenance, and functional
consistency of sewage-related infrastructure
Long-term activity and outburst of comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) from narrow-band photometry and long-slit spectroscopy
Creators: name: Opitom, C.
name: Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.
name: Jehin, E.
name: Manfroid, J.
name: Hutsemékers, D.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Magain, P.
name: Roberts-Borsani, G.
name: Witasse, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a unique data set of more than one year's worth of regular observations of comet C/2013 A1(Siding Spring) with TRAPPIST in Chile, along with low-resolution spectra obtained with the ESO/VLT FORS 2 instrument. The comet made a close approach to Mars on October 19, 2014 and was then observed by many space and ground-based telescopes. We followed the evolution of the OH, NH, CN, $\mathrm{C_3}$, and $\mathrm{C_2}$ production rates as well as the $Afρ$ parameter as a proxy for the dust production. We detected an outburst two weeks after perihelion, with gas and dust production rates being multiplied by a factor five within a few days. By modelling the shape of the CN and $\mathrm{C_2}$ radial profiles, we determined that the outburst happened around on November 10 around 15:30 UT ($\pm$ 5h) and measured a gas ejection velocity of $1.1\pm0.2$ km/s. We used a thermal evolution model to reproduce the activity pattern and outburst. Our results are consistent with the progressive formation of a dust mantle explaining the shallow dependence of gas production rates, which may be partially blown off during the outburst. We studied the evolution of gas composition, using various ratios such as CN/OH, $\mathrm{C_2}$/OH, or $\mathrm{C_3}$/OH, which showed little or no variation with heliocentric distance including at the time of the outburst. This indicates a relative level of homogeneity of the nucleus composition.
description: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Diet quality and socio-demographic characteristics of self-perceived vegetarians in the United States, 1977-2010
Creators: name: Panuganti, Pranati
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Increasing knowledge of how the diet composition and socio-demographics of vegetarians have
changed over time can help us to understand changes in the health and nutrition status of
vegetarians. The objective of this study is to examine the shift in diet composition of self-perceived
vegetarians over the past forty years, as well as the demographic and socioeconomic
characteristics of being a self-perceived vegetarian in 1977 and in 2010. Using OLS regression,
the probability of being a vegetarian by key demographic characteristics was examined for 1977-
78 and 2007-2010. Consumption of key nutrients, including total daily kilocalories, ounces of
meat, added sugars, whole grains, servings of fruits and vegetables were compared by vegetarian
status in 1977-78 and 2007-2010. In doing so, the final goal is to compare the overarching
picture of the diet of vegetarians over the past forty years in the United States.
The controversial position of the European Court of Human Rights towards the large-scale human rights risis in Turkey in the “age of subsidiarity"
Creators: name: Bilgili, Özenç
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: European Court of Human Rights
Turkey
human rights
rule of law
totalitarianism
subsidiarity

description: Second semester University: Université de Strasbourg
description: This thesis examines the European Court of Human Right’s approach to the large-scale human rights crisis in Turkey, in particular the post-coup era. Despite the centralization of the power and the absence of effective domestic mechanism in Turkey, the Court has abstained considerably from conducting any meaningful examination in reasonable time on the grounds of the non-exhaustion of domestic remedies. In doing so, the Court has emphasized the subsidiary nature of the Convention mechanism. However, the question as to whether this attitude of the Court is justifiable under the principle of subsidiarity arises, considering that the original raison d’être of the Court is to prevent the resurgence of totalitarianism and the destruction of the rule of law.
Edwards thermodynamics for a driven athermal system with dry friction
Creators: name: Gradenigo, Giacomo
name: Ferrero, Ezequiel E.
name: Bertin, Eric
name: Barrat, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain, using semi-analytical transfer operator techniques, the Edwards thermodynamics of a one-dimensional model of blocks connected by harmonic springs and subjected to dry friction. The theory is able to reproduce the linear divergence of the correlation length as a function of energy density observed in direct numerical simulations of the model under tapping dynamics. We further characterize analytically this divergence using a Gaussian approximation for the distribution of mechanically stable configurations, and show that it is related to the existence of a peculiar infinite temperature critical point.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures and Supplementary Material (5 pages, 3 figures)
A Nivat Theorem for Weighted Timed Automata and Weighted Relative Distance Logic
Creators: name: Droste, Manfred
name: Perevoshchikov, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Weighted timed automata (WTA) model quantitative aspects of real-time systems like continuous consumption of memory, power or financial resources. They accept quantitative timed languages where every timed word is mapped to a value, e.g., a real number. In this paper, we prove a Nivat theorem for WTA which states that recognizable quantitative timed languages are exactly those which can be obtained from recognizable boolean timed languages with the help of several simple operations. We also introduce a weighted extension of relative distance logic developed by Wilke, and we show that our weighted relative distance logic and WTA are equally expressive. The proof of this result can be derived from our Nivat theorem and Wilke's theorem for relative distance logic. Since the proof of our Nivat theorem is constructive, the translation process from logic to automata and vice versa is also constructive. This leads to decidability results for weighted relative distance logic.
description: The final version appeared in the Proceedings of the 41st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2014)
Neutron Star Radii, Universal Relations, and the Role of Prior Distributions
Creators: name: Steiner, A. W.
name: Lattimer, J. M.
name: Brown, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate constraints on neutron star structure arising from the assumptions that neutron stars have crusts, that recent calculations of pure neutron matter limit the equation of state of neutron star matter near the nuclear saturation density, that the high-density equation of state is limited by causality and the largest high-accuracy neutron star mass measurement, and that general relativity is the correct theory of gravity. We explore the role of prior assumptions by considering two classes of equation of state models. In a first, the intermediate- and high-density behavior of the equation of state is parameterized by piecewise polytropes. In the second class, the high-density behavior of the equation of state is parameterized by piecewise continuous line segments. The smallest density at which high-density matter appears is varied in order to allow for strong phase transitions above the nuclear saturation density. We critically examine correlations among the pressure of matter, radii, maximum masses, the binding energy, the moment of inertia, and the tidal deformability, paying special attention to the sensitivity of these correlations to prior assumptions about the equation of state. It is possible to constrain the radii of $1.4~\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ neutron stars to a be larger than 10 km, even without consideration of additional astrophysical observations, for example, those from photospheric radius expansion bursts or quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries. We are able to improve the accuracy of known correlations between the moment of inertia and compactness as well as the binding energy and compactness. We also demonstrate the existence of a correlation between the neutron star binding energy and the moment of inertia.
description: Eur. Phys. J. A (in press)
European double taxation conventions and human rights in a globalized world
Creators: name: Stepanova, Iryna
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: double taxation
Europe
Treaties
European Convention on Human Rights
human rights
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations

description: Second semester University: Uppsala University.
description: The ECHR is an international convention designed to protect taxpayers, in much the same way as a double taxation convention. A good example of the overlap is the non-discrimination provisions found in both double taxation conventions and human rights treaties. The models, on the basis of which the vast majority of double taxation conventions have been negotiated, predate the main progress in human rights law. It is a suitable point to open a discussion of the extent to which double taxation conventions might give rise to issues of compatibility with human rights norms, or whether changes might be made to the model conventions to ensure better conformity with those norms. The aim of this study is to elaborate the conceptual links between double taxation agreements and human rights and to demonstrate this with the example of the Council of Europe State Parties and their fiscal policy commitment to human rights obligations with a focus on European double taxation treaties. Thus, this contribution discusses and suggests means to improve systematic protection of human rights from double taxation with a focus on the European context. The research considers certain issues relating to the compatibility of double taxation conventions with human rights conventions.
Regionalization of human rights: towards an Arab human rights system? : the Charter, the Bodies, and the Court saga
Creators: name: Amghar, Hassnaa
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: regional human rights protection systems
Arab countries

description: Second semester University: International University of Rabat.
description: The evolution of the International system for the protection and promotion of human rights, or the United Nation System, has led to the regionalization of human rights with the growing of regional human rights protection systems in importance steadily over the past few decades. The MENA Region does not have a regional human rights system of its own, but most of its States are covered by at least one of the five above-mentioned regional systems, namely the African Human Rights System, the Arab Human Rights System and the European Human Rights System, notably the case of Turkey. This paper is to examine the emerging Arab Human Rights System championed by the League of Arab States, which is the newest regional systems. Studying the Arab Human Rights System is important mainly because of the size of the population that it is meant to cover and the current turmoil in the Region it is meant to cover. A well functioning human rights system can provide answers to many of the causes of the turmoil and hence improve the lives of the population of the region; however, as things stand presently, a lot of changes need to take place before establishing such a system and achieving these ends.
Consequences of cluster munitions on the rights of the child : a child rights-based approach to the implementation of the Convention on cluster munitions
Creators: name: Aigner, Helena
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: children rights
Convention on Cluster Munitions

description: Second semester University: University of Seville.
description: This thesis aims at illustrating the impacts of Cluster Munitions on the rights of the child and at developing a new approach based on the full enjoyment of children’s rights when implementing the Convention on Cluster Munitions. Due to their natural curiosity, their small bodies and the proximity of the vital organs to the blast of explosive weapons, children account for 46% of all Mine and Explosive Remnants of War casualties, including Cluster Munitions. Despite their specific vulnerabilities and changing needs, the rights of the child are too often disregarded by states and other relevant stakeholders. Before providing an overview on the relevant international legal and institutional framework in the area of humanitarian law, human rights law and the United Nations normative and policy framework, this paper analyses the impacts of Cluster Munitions on children, not only regarding physical and psychologic implications but also concerning the access of victimised children to healthcare, education and humanitarian assistance as well as social, economic and environmental consequences, diseases and displacement. The core of the thesis is constituted by the fourth chapter, dealing with the application of the Convention in theory and the elaboration of a child rights-based approach putting children at the centre of all considerations when implementing the legally binding obligations deriving from the Cluster Munition Convention, humanitarian and human rights law. In addition, recommendations and measures to be taken in key areas of action relevant for the protection and promotion of the rights of the child complement the paper.
To be born or not to be born? : the paradox of the Catholic Church in the Philippines
Creators: name: Fuhrmann, Alexienne
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: abortion
Philippines
Catholic Church

description: Second semester University: University of Bucharest.
description: While I was in the Philippines in 2012 (the 3rd Catholic Country in the world), I observed the fight of “pro-life” community, leaded by the Catholic Church, against the Reproductive Health Bill. This Bill was described as a major change for the country, allowing and promoting contraception for all Filipinos. The Bill was voted and passed into law in December 2012. With this thesis, I am trying to see the real impact of this law. More than just analysing the law, this thesis is going further by regarding the real impact that a “pro-life” activism can have on a population in a developing country, especially the ones that they want to protect: children. By acting as a lobby against the right to contraception and abortion, is the Catholic Church really defending the supreme interest of the child? By using an interdisciplinary approach (employing law, sociology, psychology and political sociology), this thesis will prove that arguing against contraception is leading to an increase of poverty, itself leading to an increase of networks and so to child abuse, exploitation and trafficking. Also, lobbying against abortion puts life of women in danger, as they can be subject to many problems during pregnancy and they became stigmatised by the society and doctors. Finally, this thesis proves that “pro-life” community is more “pro-birth”, and protect the foetus more than the future child.
NGC 6778: Strengthening the link between extreme abundance discrepancy factors and central star binarity in planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Jones, David
name: Wesson, Roger
name: García-Rojas, Jorge
name: Corradi, Romano L. M.
name: Boffin, Henri M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new optical spectra of the nearby, bright, planetary nebula NGC 6778. The nebula has been known to emit strong recombination lines for more than 40 years but this is the first detailed study of its abundances. Heavy element abundances derived from recombination lines are found to exceed those from collisionally excited lines by a factor of ~20 in an integrated spectrum of the nebula, which is among the largest known abundance discrepancy factors. Spatial analysis of the spectra shows that the abundance discrepancy factor is strongly, centrally peaked, reaching ~40 close to the central star. The central star of NGC 6778 is known to be a short period binary, further strengthening the link between high nebular abundance discrepancy factors and central star binarity.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in the main journal of MNRAS
Access to social rights of non-removable TCNs in the European Union : destitute in the limbo of toleration
Creators: name: Gómez Escolar Arias, Pablo
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: migrations
migrants
European Union
social rights

description: Second semester University: Panteion University, Athens
description: Throughout the European Union, a group of migrants live in protracted destitution, without access to basic economic, social and cultural rights. This is the result of the legal limbo they live in. Although being in an irregular administrative situation in the Union, they cannot be sent back to their countries of origin due to legal or practical impediments. Therefore, they remain in the territory of the Member States under different toleration statuses. However, toleration does not mean regularisation, but a liminal or atypical status where non-removable migrants find themselves trapped, sometimes for decades. The aim of this thesis is to analyse on the one hand the kind of obstacles that throw third-country nationals (TCNs) into a situation of non-removability [the causes], and on the other, what the status granted to them when they are found to be unreturnable is [the consequences]. A study of the relevant European Union migration law will be conducted, as well as of the national responses to the issue. All this will be then contrasted with the obligations set by the human rights legal framework, to see whether the current legislation and practices concerning non-removability are compatible with the respect of human dignity.
Operationalising indigenous peoples water rights : integrating their specific rights in the implementation of the right to water
Creators: name: Arnal, Yseult
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: indigenous peoples
peoples rights
water resources

description: Second semester University: University of Seville
description: Indigenous peoples have a special relationship with their traditional territories and the natural resources pertaining to them, obviously including water. On view that their very existence as peoples depends on their relationship with these territories, international law now affirms indigenous peoples‟ right to use, control and develop those resources. On the other hand, the international community has come to recognize in recent decades the existence of a distinct human right to water, including the right to access to a sufficient amount of safe drinking-water. With respect to the right to water, States bear the threefold duty to respect, to protect and to fulfill this right, as well as, like other economic, social, and cultural rights, the obligation to realise it progressively. This thesis argues that the right to water, as currently articulated in international legal discourse, fails to fully take into account the specificities of indigenous peoples‟ water rights, within the context of the broader international indigenous rights regime. The thesis makes the claim that, by virtue of the principle of non-discrimination, State domestic policies and legislation aiming at the implementation of the right to water should integrate the specific rights of indigenous peoples as affirmed in international standards. Indeed, such policies and legislations should at least pay attention to the States‟ duty to consult indigenous peoples, to conduct an impact assessment when measures foreseen affect their lands and resources, as well as to integrate them in the benefit-sharing.
On Ethical Consumption: Personal Responsibility in a Global Economy
Creators: name: Grabner, Stephan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Every time I enter a store, I am faced with countless decisions. Most of them are
trivial, and personal preference or clever marketing determine my choice. But sometimes,
my decision seems to carry more weight. Most chocolate is made from cacao produced
by West African child laborers who are often the victims of trafficking or even slavery.
Perhaps my purchase of one chocolate bar seems trivial, but if it has been produced with
the help of slaves, I seem to support a production system that results in serious harm. Of
course there are other chocolate brands— but they aren’t always available, and usually
cost more. What harm could this one bar of chocolate really do, anyway?
This paper argues that we should be ethical consumers— that our consumption
choices should be based in part on moral reasons. For example, I shall argue that we have
good reasons to avoid buying chocolate produced with the help of slaves even if no laws
were violated and it means paying a higher price for comparable items produced by
workers who were treated well. To some readers this may sound obvious; if I should act
ethically throughout my life, why would it be permissible to act differently when I choose
what to buy? As we shall see, the topic merits special attention for a number of reasons.