cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Broadcast News: Features and acoustic modelling
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: Overview of the International Computer Science Institute's (ICSI) contributions to a system developed by the European Union-sponsored collaborative Speech Recognition Algorithms for Connectionist Hybrids (SPRACH) project for submission to a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and National Institute of Standards and Technology evaluation of approaches to speech recognition of broadcast news footage. ICSI's contributions were in acoustic modelling, in particular modulation-filtered spectrogram features and very large multi-layer perceptron classifiers.
Der Einfluss eines Kariesinfiltrationspräparats auf das De- und Remineralisationsverhalten von humanem Dentin : eine In-vitro-Studie
Creators: name: Kupfer, Tina
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Infiltrationsfähigkeit des Präparates Icon® auf Dentin zu untersuchen und hinsichtlich kariesprophylaktischer Eigenschaften zu testen. Dentin von 75 kariesfreien Molaren wurde in vitro mittels angesäuerter HEC demineralisiert, in fluoridhaltiger Ca3(PO4)2-Lösung remineralisiert, teilweise mit Icon® infiltriert und 10.000 Zyklen thermozykliert. Die entstanden Läsionen wurden am Polarisationsmikroskop vermessen. Es konnte kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied in der Ausbildung kariöser Läsionen bei infiltrierten, nicht infiltrierten oder thermozyklierten Proben verzeichnet werden. Im Rahmen dieser in vitro Studie konnte kein Einfluss von Icon® auf das De- und Remineralisationsverhalten von humanem Dentin nachgewiesen werden. Demzufolge ist es beispielsweise zur Prophylaxe von Wurzelkaries nicht geeignet.
description: The aim of this study was to examine the infiltration capacity of the preparation Icon® on dentine and to test it with respect to characteristics of caries prophylaxis. Dentine of 75 caries-free molars was demineralized in-vitro with the help of acidified HEC, remineralized in a fluoride-containing Ca3(PO4)2 solution, partly infiltrated with Icon® and thermo-cycled for 10.000 cycles. The resulting lesions were measured with the help of a polarizing microscope. No statistically significant difference was to be found in the formation of decayed lesions in infiltrated, non-infiltrated and thermo-cycled specimens. Within the scope of this in-vitro study, no influence of Icon® on de- and remineralization behavior of human dentine was to be proved. Thus, it is not suitable for the prophylaxis of root caries.
title: War Surveillance Office (Austria-Hungary)
title: War Surveillance Office (Austria-Hungary)
Creators: name: Scheer, Tamara
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Österreich-Ungarn / Kriegsüberwachungsamt
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Austria
subject: Censorship

description: During the First World War, Austria-Hungary implemented a state of emergency with several emergency laws overseen by the ''kaiserlich und königlich ''(''k.u.k.'') ''Kriegsüberwachungsamt'' (war surveillance office, abbreviated KÜA). Although it presided over both halves of the empire, the KÜA never had an impact on the Hungarian state of emergency. It was important in press and post censorship, trade restrictions, internments, and cases of denunciation by the population.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Computational techniques for flow cytometry : the application for automated analysis of innate immune response flow cytometry data.
Creators: name: Shooshtari, Parisa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Flow cytometry (FCM) is a technique for measuring physical, chemical and biological characteristics of individual cells. Recent advances in FCM have provided researchers with the facility to improve their understanding of the tremendously complex immune system. However, the technology is hampered by current manual analysis methodologies. In this thesis, I developed computational methods for the automated analysis of immune response FCM data to address this bottleneck. I hypothesized that highly accurate results could be obtained through learning from the patterns that a biology expert applies when doing the analysis manually. In FCM data analysis, it is often desirable to identify homogeneous subsets of cells within a sample. Traditionally, this is done through manual gating, a procedure that can be subjective and time-consuming. I developed SamSPECTRAL, an automated spectral-based clustering algorithm to identify FCM cell populations of any shape, size and distribution while addressing the drawbacks of manual gating. A particularly signi cant achievement of SamSPECTRAL was its successful performance in nding rare cell populations. Similarly, in most FCM applications, it is required to match similar cell populations between di erent FCM samples. I developed a novel learning-based cluster matching method that incorporates domain expert knowledge to nd the best matches of target populations among all clusters generated by a clustering algorithm. Immunophenotyping of immune cells and measuring cytokine responses are two main components of immune response FCM data analysis. I combined the SamSPECTRAL algorithm and cluster matching to perform automated immunophenotyping. I also devised a method to measure cytokine responses automatically. After developing computational methods for each of the above analysis components separately, I organized them into a semi-automated pipeline, so they all work together as a uni ed package. My experiments on 216 FCM samples con rmed that my semi-automated pipeline can reproduce manual analysis results highly accurately both for immunophenotyping and measuring cytokine responses. My other main contributions were correlation analysis of intracellular and secreted cytokines, and developing a formula called GiMFI to improve measuring functional response of cytokine-producing cells using ow cytometry assay.
Knudsen-to-Hydrodynamic Crossover in Liquid 3He in a High-Porosity Aerogel
Creators: name: Takeuchi, H.
name: Higashitani, S.
name: Nagai, K.
name: Choi, H. C.
name: Moon, B. H.
name: Masuhara, N.
name: Meisel, M. W.
name: Lee, Y.
name: Mulders, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the drag force acting on a high porosity aerogel immersed in liquid ${}^3$He and its effect on sound propagation. The drag force is characterized by the Knudsen number, which is defined as the ratio of the quasiparticle mean free path to the radius of an aerogel strand. Evidence of the Knudsen-hydrodynamic crossover is clearly demonstrated by a drastic change in the temperature dependence of ultrasound attenuation in 98% porosity aerogel. Our theoretical analysis shows that the frictional sound damping caused by the drag force is governed by distinct laws in the two regimes, providing excellent agreement with the experimental observation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Klinische Kriterien zur Abschätzung einer dauerhaften Shuntpflicht nach einer aneurysmatischen Subarachnoidalblutung
Creators: name: Stemmer, Bastian Franz Ludwig
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: In über 20 % d. F. führt eine aneurysmatische Subarachnoidalblutung zu einem shuntpflichtigen chronischen Hydrozephalus (SDHC). Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, klinische Merkmale zur besseren Indikationsstellung einer Shuntimplantation zu untersuchen und in einer Klassifikation darzulegen. Entsprechend den Einschlußkriterien wurden Daten von 115 Patienten retrospektiv statistisch ausgewertet und in einer Klassifikation zusammengefasst. Ein erhöhtes Risiko für einen SDHC besteht ab dem 46. Lebensjahr, bei einem H/H-Grad >3, bei einem GCS < 10, bei einem mRS > 3, bei Vasospasmus, bei einem Liquorverlust über eine externe Ventrikeldrainage > 1500 ml in der erster Woche und bei einem initial erweitertem Ventrikelsystem im CCT. Ausgewählte Merkmale wurden zu einer Klassifikation zusammengefasst. Die Klassifikation ist einfach zu bestimmen und zeigte eine signifikante Korrelation. Eine prospektive Validierung ist noch nötig.
description: In over 20% of cases, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC). The aim of this work was to improve clinical aspects for better indication of a shunt implantation and to present it in a classification. According to the inclusion criteria data from 115 patients were retrospectively statistically evaluated and summarized in a classification. There is an increased risk for SDHC from the age of 46, with an H/H grade > 3, with a GCS <10, with an mRS > 3, with vasospasm, with CSF loss via an external ventricular drainage > 1500 ml in the first week and a larger ventricular system in the initial CCT. Selected features were summarized in a classification. The Classification is easy to determine and showed a good predictive value in the investigated patient population. Prospective validation is still needed.
Efficient, adaptive cross-validation for tuning and comparing models, with application to drug discovery
Creators: name: Shen, Hui
name: Welch, William J.
name: Hughes-Oliver, Jacqueline M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cross-validation (CV) is widely used for tuning a model with respect to user-selected parameters and for selecting a "best" model. For example, the method of $k$-nearest neighbors requires the user to choose $k$, the number of neighbors, and a neural network has several tuning parameters controlling the network complexity. Once such parameters are optimized for a particular data set, the next step is often to compare the various optimized models and choose the method with the best predictive performance. Both tuning and model selection boil down to comparing models, either across different values of the tuning parameters or across different classes of statistical models and/or sets of explanatory variables. For multiple large sets of data, like the PubChem drug discovery cheminformatics data which motivated this work, reliable CV comparisons are computationally demanding, or even infeasible. In this paper we develop an efficient sequential methodology for model comparison based on CV. It also takes into account the randomness in CV. The number of models is reduced via an adaptive, multiplicity-adjusted sequential algorithm, where poor performers are quickly eliminated. By exploiting matching of individual observations, it is sometimes even possible to establish the statistically significant inferiority of some models with just one execution of CV.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS491 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Review of SPRACH/Thisl meetings Cambridge UK, 1998sep03/04
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: Overview of the discussions at meetings in Cambridge, UK of two European Union-sponsored speech recognition efforts, the Thematic Indexing of Spoken Language (THISL) project and the Speech Recognition Algorithms for Connectionist Hybrids (SPRACH) project.
Tropidophora ligata
Creators: name: Muratov, Igor V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Pomatiidae
Tropidophora
Tropidophora ligata

description: Tropidophora ligata (Müller, 1774)
Figs 6, 56
 Nerita ligata: Müller 1774: 181 (12.7–23.3× 12.7–21.2 mm).
 A common species, recorded from seven stations on Cabo Delgado and inland, with a general distribution from South Africa to Tanzania as well as on Madagascar and Mauritius. Differs from the other three species of Tropidophora in the region by the very weak spiral sculpture on the periphery of the last whorl, with most of the shells having noticeable spiral sculpture only in the umbilical area.
description: Published as part of Muratov, Igor V., 2010, Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of north-eastern Mozambique, pp. 255 in African Invertebrates 51 (2) on page 263, DOI: 10.5733/afin.051.0203, http://zenodo.org/record/10268367
Master equation for cascade quantum channels: a collisional approach
Creators: name: Giovannetti, V.
name: Palma, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently shown that collisional models can be used to derive a general form for the master equations which describe the reduced time evolution of a composite multipartite quantum system, whose components "propagate" in an environmental medium which induces correlations among them via a cascade mechanism. Here we analyze the fundamental assumptions of this approach showing how some of them can be lifted when passing into a proper interaction picture representation.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures. This paper contains an extended version of the supplementary material of Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 040401 (2012) -- see arXiv:1105.4506
SPRACH/ThisL review
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: Reviews of progress on the International Computer Science Institute's contributions to two speech recognition projects funded under the European Commission "Framework" program, the Thematic Indexing of Spoken Language (ThisL) project and the Speech Recognition Algorithms for Connectionist Hybrids (SPRACH) project.
title: Alexandra, Empress, consort of Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
title: Alexandra, Empress, consort of Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
Creators: name: Gaida, Fedor Aleksandrovich
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Alexandra [Russland, Zarin, 1872-1918]
subject: Alexandra, Empress, consort of Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia, 1872-1918

description: Born Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt, Aleksandra Fedorovna married the future Russian Emperor Nicholas II in 1894 and became empress. She was engaged in charity work and served as a nurse during the First World War. However, she was suspected of treason and was arrested after the February Revolution, eventually being fatally shot by the Bolsheviks.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Charge asymmetries of top quarks at hadron colliders revisited
Creators: name: Kuhn, Johann H.
name: Rodrigo, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sizeable difference in the differential production cross section of top- compared to antitop-quark production, denoted charge asymmetry, has been observed at the Tevatron. The experimental results seem to exceed the theory predictions based on the Standard Model by a significant amount and have triggered a large number of suggestions for "new physics". In the present paper the Standard Model predictions for Tevatron and LHC experiments are revisited. This includes a reanalysis of electromagnetic as well as weak corrections, leading to a shift of the asymmetry by roughly a factor 1.1 when compared to the results of the first papers on this subject. The impact of cuts on the transverse momentum of the top-antitop system is studied. Restricting the ttbar system to a transverse momentum less than 20 GeV leads to an enhancement of the asymmetries by factors between 1.3 and 1.5, indicating the importance of an improved understanding of the $t\bar t$-momentum distribution. Predictions for similar measurements at the LHC are presented, demonstrating the sensitivity of the large rapidity region both to the Standard Model contribution and effects from "new physics".
description: 23 pages. Final version to appear in JHEP
title: Dada
title: Dada
Creators: name: Laroche, Josepha
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dadaismus
subject: Dadaism

description: Dada, a transnational movement of artists, was founded in Zurich in 1916. It disappeared in 1924, after a sham trial against Maurice Barrès in 1921. Far from pacifism, Dada declared war against war. Today, its innovations remain as examples of a sublimated violence.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The first joint ALMA/X-ray monitoring of a RQ AGN:  understanding the origin of the compact mm emission
Creators: name: Shablovinskaya, Elena
name: Ricci, Claudio
name: Chang, Chin-Shin
name: Kawamuro, Taiki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The origin of compact radio/mm emission observed in nearly all radio-quiet Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is still debated. Recent studies have proposed that it is produced by self-absorbed synchrotron emission from the accretion disk corona, which is also responsible for the X-ray emission ubiquitously observed in AGN. The detection of correlated variability between the mm and X-ray bands would be the smoking gun supporting this idea. We carried out the first joint mm (ALMA; ∼100 GHz)/X-ray (NICER/NuSTAR/XMM-Newton/Swift; 0.3-10 keV) observations of the brightest unobscured radio quiet-AGN, IC 4329A (z = 0.016). In my talk, I will present the first results of this large campaign, discussing the relation between the X-ray corona and the compact radio emission observed in radio-quiet AGN.
title: Flex, Walter
title: Flex, Walter
Creators: name: Detering, Nicolas
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Flex, Walter
subject: Flex, Walter, 1887-1917

description: Walter Flex was a nationalist war poet and author of ''The'' ''Wanderer Between Two Worlds ''(1916), one of the most successful novels of the post-war era.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The role of physicochemical parameters on polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles' delivery to the central nervous system
Creators: name: You, Qing
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurologie
subject: 615.78

description: Because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an obstacle for drug-delivery, carrier systems such as polybutylcyanoacrylate(PBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied. Yet, little is known of how the physiochemical features such as size and surface charge influence the BBB passage in vivo. Firstly Iused a rat model of in vivoimaging of the retina -which is brain tissue and can reflect the situation at the BBB -to study how size and surface charge determine NPs’ delivery kineticsacross the blood-retina barrier (BRB). Ialso analyzed the co-incubation of NPs with serum in vitroto understand the interactions of NPs with blood. Then Iinvestigated the physicochemical mechanisms underlying these different behaviors of NPs at biological barriers and their influence on the cellular distribution. Retinal whole-mounts from rats injected in vivowith flurescent NPs were processed for retina imaging ex vivoto obtain a detailed distribution of NPs with cellular resolutionin retinal tissue. In addition, Ianalyzed the NPs’body distribution in vivoto explore the systematic interactions.The key results are as follows:Minor changes in composition of poloxamer 188-modified, DEAE-dextran-stabilized (PDD) PBCA NPs, although only slightly altering the physicochemical parameters, such as size or surface charge, substantially influence NPs’ delivery kinetics across the BRB in vivo. Decreasing the Z-average sizefrom 272 nm to 172 nm by centrifugation reduced the BRB passage of the NPs substantially. Varying the zeta-potential within the narrow range of 0-15 mV by adding different amounts of stabilizer revealed that 0 mV and 15 mV were less desirable than 5 mV which facilitated the BRB passage.NPs with medium charge and small sizewere relatively stable in blood, while other NP variations rapidly agglomerated or degraded.In line with the in vivoimaging results, NPs with larger size and medium surface AbstractIIcharge accumulated more readily in brain tissue and they could be more easily detectedin retinalganglion cells (RGCs), demonstrating the suitability of these NPs for drug delivery into neurons. Other NP variations accumulated more in peripheral organs which may reduce the passage of these particles into brain tissue via a “steal effect”-mechanism.Thus, systemic interactions significantly determine the potential of NPs to deliver markers or drugs to the central nervous system (CNS). In this way, minor changes of NPs’ physicochemical parameters can significantly impact alterations in their rate of brain/body biodistribution.
title: Emigration (Russian Empire)
title: Emigration (Russian Empire)
Creators: name: Peeling, Siobhan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Russland
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Auswanderung
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Russia
subject: Emigration and immigration

description: The First World War, the Russian revolutions of February and October 1917, and the ensuing Civil War created a wave of emigration from the territories of the Russian Empire into Western and Central Europe and Chinese Manchuria. Émigré life was marked by poverty and uncertainty, bitter political disputes, and a cultural flourishing.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Achieving perfect completeness in classical-witness quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems
Creators: name: Jordan, Stephen P.
name: Kobayashi, Hirotada
name: Nagaj, Daniel
name: Nishimura, Harumichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper proves that classical-witness quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems can achieve perfect completeness. That is, QCMA = QCMA1. This holds under any gate set with which the Hadamard and arbitrary classical reversible transformations can be exactly implemented, e.g., {Hadamard, Toffoli, NOT}. The proof is quantumly nonrelativizing, and uses a simple but novel quantum technique that additively adjusts the success probability, which may be of independent interest.
description: 10 pages. Added two more authors and a new proof technique, which requires only a fixed finite gate set
Absorption imaging of a single atom
Creators: name: Streed, E. W.
name: Jechow, A.
name: Norton, B. G.
name: Kielpinski, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absorption imaging has played a key role in the advancement of science from van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of red blood cells to modern observations of dust clouds in stellar nebulas and Bose-Einstein condensates. Here we show the first absorption imaging of a single atom isolated in vacuum. The optical properties of atoms are thoroughly understood, so a single atom is an ideal system for testing the limits of absorption imaging. A single atomic ion was confined in an RF Paul trap and the absorption imaged at near wavelength resolution with a phase Fresnel lens. The observed image contrast of 3.1(3)% is the maximum theoretically allowed for the imaging resolution of our setup. The absorption of photons by single atoms is of immediate interest for quantum information processing (QIP). Our results also point out new opportunities in imaging of light-sensitive samples both in the optical and x-ray regimes.
description: Accepted to Nature Commun
title: Eupen-Malmedy
title: Eupen-Malmedy
Creators: name: Brüll, Christoph
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Belgien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Territorial questions
subject: Belgium

description: Eupen-Malmedy is the name given to the two districts that Germany ceded to Belgium in 1920 as a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles. This cession and the semblance of a “referendum”, organised in 1920, turned the territory into a Belgian-German conflict space during the interwar years.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Application of piezoelectric macro-fiber-composite actuators to the suppression of noise transmission through curved glass plates
Creators: name: Novakova, Katerina
name: Mokry, Pavel
name: Vaclavik, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper analyzes the possibility of increasing the acoustic transmission loss of sound transmitted through planar or curved glass shells using attached piezoelectric macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators shunted by active circuits with a negative capacitance. The key features that control the sound transmission through the curved glass shells are analyzed using an analytical approximative model. A detailed analysis of the particular arrangement of MFC actuators on the glass shell is performed using a finite element method (FEM) model. The FEM model takes into account the effect of a flexible frame that clamps the glass shell at its edges. A method is presented for the active control of the Young's modulus and the bending stiffness coefficient of the composite sandwich structure that consists of a glass plate and the attached piezoelectric MFC actuator. The predictions of the acoustic transmission loss frequency dependencies obtained by the FEM model are compared with experimental data. The results indicate that it is possible to increase the acoustic transmission loss by 20 and 25 dB at the frequencies of the first and second resonant modes of the planar and curved glass shells, respectively, using the effect of the shunt circuit with a negative capacitance.
description: Final proof-edited version
Dynamics of threads and polymers in turbulence: power-law distributions and synchronization
Creators: name: Fouxon, Itzhak
name: Posch, Harald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the behavior of threads and polymers in a turbulent flow. These objects have finite spatial extension, so the flow along them differs slightly. The corresponding drag forces produce a finite average stretching and the thread is stretched most of the time. Nevertheless, the probability of shrinking fluctuations is significant and is known to decay only as a power-law. We show that the exponent of the power law is a universal number independent of the statistics of the flow. For polymers the coil-stretch transition exists: the flow must have a sufficiently large Lyapunov exponent to overcome the elastic resistance and stretch the polymer from the coiled state it takes otherwise. The probability of shrinking from the stretched state above the transition again obeys a power law but with a non-universal exponent. We show that well above the transition the exponent becomes universal and derive the corresponding expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate synchronization: the end-to-end distances of threads or polymers above the transition are synchronized by the flow and become identical. Thus, the transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behavior in dilute polymer solutions can be seen as an ordering transition.
description: 13 pages, version accepted to Journal of Statistical Mechanics
Review of "Immortality Project" Concept: Mis-interpretation in Terror Management Theory
Creators: name: Fisher, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ernest Becker, Otto Rank, Ken Wilber, Abraham Maslow, Marianne Williamson, terror management, fear management

description: The author’s long quest for a full depth and breadth study of the psychology of fear/terror is one that is not easy to attain; and thus, it will be in progress for some time to come to fruition. The work by Ernest Becker, terror management theorists and others herein, is a beginning probe into the Immortality Project (psychology) that he believes is one important pathway to a psychology of the soul. The paper includes a basic review of the Immortality Project conception and its importance which includes the less familiar writing of Ken Wilber and his philosophical and theoretical views of Immortality Project as particularly a useful direction to go to improve upon Becker’s views.
title: Refugees (France)
title: Refugees (France)
Creators: name: Nivet, Philippe
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Frankreich
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Exil
subject: World War, 1914-1918--France
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Refugees

description: During World War I, about 2 million French citizens had to leave their homes, due to orders from the French military and administrative authorities, the German invasion, German shellings, or repatriation ordered by German authorities from the ten partially or wholly invaded ''departments''. French refugees within France existed not because of one massive exodus, but because of a succession of displacements between 1914 and 1919.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Magnetism, superconductivity and coupling in cuprate heterostructures probed by low-energy muon-spin rotation
Creators: name: Wojek, B. M.
name: Morenzoni, E.
name: Eshchenko, D. G.
name: Suter, A.
name: Prokscha, T.
name: Keller, H.
name: Koller, E.
name: Fischer, Ø.
name: Malik, V. K.
name: Bernhard, C.
name: Döbeli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a low-energy muon-spin-rotation study of the magnetic and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 trilayer and bilayer heterostructures. By determining the magnetic-field profiles throughout these structures we show that a finite superfluid density can be induced in otherwise semiconducting PrBa2Cu3O7 layers when juxtaposed to YBa2Cu3O7 "electrodes" while the intrinsic antiferromagnetic order is unaffected.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures; figure 9 corrected in version 2
Electrode Materials and Energy Consumption for Desalination by Capacitive Deionization
Creators: name: Vandersleen, John Karl
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Capacitive Deionization
subject: Engineering--Chemical

description: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a brackish water desalination technology which uses capacitive charge storage within porous carbon electrodes to adsorb salt from water flowing through the cell. Selecting an appropriate electrode material is a critical step to optimize a CDI system. In this work the performance of two materials, a reduced graphene oxide foam – magnetite composite and a nanoporous carbon scaffold (NCS) were compared to that of activated carbon. Faradaic losses were lowest for the activated carbon electrodes but still consumed over a third of the applied charge. While quantifiable desalination was only achieved with the activated carbon electrodes, NCS displayed the highest volume specific, ideal (i.e. assuming 100% charge efficiency) average salt adsorption rate (ASAR). For adsorption half-cycles <3 minutes, NCS also demonstrated the highest mass specific ideal ASAR, due to the thin NCS electrodes and their large pore widths. A stack of activated carbon electrodes was constructed to investigate the dependence of CDI specific energy consumption on cell voltage. The minimum specific energy consumption achieved was 115 Wh/mol using an average cell voltage of 0.8 V. The Faradaic loss fraction was between 43% - 46% for all tested voltages. Shunt current significantly reduced the charge efficiency of the 10-cell CDI stack. A resistive-capacitive circuit model quantified this effect for stack voltages between 4 V – 10 V. The shunt current losses were greater for higher stack voltages, reducing the charge efficiency by approximately 18% to 30% for stack voltages between 4 V and 10 V, respectively. If dissolved oxygen is present, carbon anodes can be gradually oxidized, increasing their potential of zero charge and reducing their salt adsorption capacity and charge efficiency. The i-mD model was used to estimate the magnitude of these effects, suggesting that after 80 cycles the electrode PZC had shifted by 0.22, 0.14, 0.11, or 0.10 V for average cell voltages of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 or 1.0 V, respectively. These results show that while the energy consumption of CDI can be reduced by optimizing the cell voltage, greater improvements can be achieved by minimizing shunt current and selecting electrode materials to minimize Faradaic losses.
Divided Differences of Multivariate Implicit Functions
Creators: name: Muntingh, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A24, 05A17, 41A05, 65D05

description: Under general conditions, the equation $g(x^1, ..., x^q, y) = 0$ implicitly defines $y$ locally as a function of $x^1, ..., x^q$. In this article, we express divided differences of $y$ in terms of divided differences of $g$, generalizing a recent formula for the case where $y$ is univariate. The formula involves a sum over a combinatorial structure whose elements can be viewed either as polygonal partitions or as plane trees. Through this connection we prove as a corollary a formula for derivatives of $y$ in terms of derivatives of $g$.
description: BIT Numerical Mathematics (2012)
Towards dynamic, patient-specific musculoskeletal models
Creators: name: Levin, David Isaac William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis focuses on the development of tools to aid in producing dynamic simulations from patient specific volumetric data. Specifically, two new computational methods have been developed, one for image acquisition and one for simulation. Acquiring patient-specific musculoskeletal architectures is a difficult task. Our image acquisition relies on Diffusion Tensor Imaging since it allows the non-invasive study of muscle fibre architecture. However, musculoskeletal Diffusion Tensor Imaging suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio. Noise in the computed tensor fields can lead to poorly reconstructed muscle fibre fields. In this thesis we detail how leveraging a priori knowledge of the structure of skeletal muscle can drastically increase the quality of fibre architecture data extracted from Diffusion Tensor Images. The second section of this thesis describes a simulation technique that allows the direct simulation of volumetric data, such as that produced by the denoising algorithm. The method was developed in response to two key motivations: first, that the medical imaging data we acquire is volumetric and can be difficult to discretize in a Lagrangian fashion, and second that many biological structures (such as muscle) are highly deformable and come into close contact with each other as well as the environment. In response to these observations we have produced an Eulerian simulator that can simulate volumetric objects in close contact. The algorithm intrinsically handles large deformations and potential degeneracies that can result in contacting scenarios. Extending the simulator to produce complex musculoskeletal simulations is also discussed. These two algorithms address concerns in two stages of a proposed pipeline for generating dynamic, patient specific musculoskeletal simulations.
Influenza Vaccination Guidelines and Vaccine Sales in Southeast Asia: 2008–2011
Creators: name: Gupta, Vinay
name: Dawood, Fatimah S.
name: Muangchana, Charung
name: Lan, Phan Trong
name: Xeuatvongsa, Anonh
name: Sovann, Ly
name: Olveda, Remigio
name: Cutter, Jeffery
name: Oo, Khin Yi
name: Ratih, Theresia Sandra Diah
name: Kheong, Chong Chee
name: Kapella, Bryan K.
name: Kitsutani, Paul
name: Corwin, Andrew
name: Olsen, Sonja J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Influenza vaccines
Influenza
Public health

description: Background

Southeast Asia is a region with great potential for the emergence of a pandemic influenza virus. Global efforts to improve influenza surveillance in this region have documented the burden and seasonality of influenza viruses and have informed influenza prevention strategies, but little information exists about influenza vaccination guidelines and vaccine sales.

Methods

To ascertain the existence of influenza vaccine guidelines and define the scope of vaccine sales, we sent a standard three-page questionnaire to the ten member nations of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. We also surveyed three multinational manufacturers who supply influenza vaccines in the region.

Results

Vaccine sales in the private sector were <1000 per 100,000 population in the 10 countries. Five countries reported purchasing vaccine for use in the public sector. In 2011, Thailand had the highest combined reported rate of vaccine sales (10,333 per 100,000). In the 10 countries combined, the rate of private sector sales during 2010–2011 (after the A(H1N1)2009pdm pandemic) exceeded 2008 pre-pandemic levels. Five countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) had guidelines for influenza vaccination but only two were consistent with global guidelines. Four recommended vaccination for health care workers, four for elderly persons, three for young children, three for persons with underlying disease, and two for pregnant women.

Conclusions

The rate of vaccine sales in Southeast Asia remains low, but there was a positive impact in sales after the A(H1N1)2009pdm pandemic. Low adherence to global vaccine guidelines suggests that more work is needed in the policy arena.
title: Cavell, Edith Louisa
title: Cavell, Edith Louisa
Creators: name: Pickles, Katie
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cavell, Edith
subject: Cavell, Edith, 1865-1915

description: Edith Cavell was an English nursing matron executed by the Germans in Brussels on 12 October 1915 for assisting enemy troops. After her death, she became one of the most famous women of World War One. The Allies used her name for recruitment purposes.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Computational Potential Energy Minimization Studies on the Prion AGAAAAGA Amyloid Fibril Molecular Structures
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiapu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: X-ray crystallography, NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy, and dual polarization interferometry, etc are indeed very powerful tools to determine the 3D structures of proteins (including the membrane proteins), though they are time-consuming and costly. However, for some proteins, due to their unstable, noncrystalline and insoluble nature, these tools cannot work. Under this condition, mathematical and physical theoretical methods and computational approaches allow us to obtain a description of the protein 3D structure at a submicroscopic level. This Chapter presents some practical and useful mathematical optimization computational approaches to produce 3D structures of the Prion AGAAAAGA Amyloid Fibrils, from a potential energy minimization point of view. X-ray crystallography finds the X-ray final structure of a protein, which usually need refinements in order to produce a better structure. The computational methods presented in this Chapter can be also acted as a tool for the refinements.
description: published in [Recent Advances in Crystallography, ISBN: 978-953-51-0754-5, Editor Jason B. Bendict, InTech Open Access Publisher, 19 Sept 2012, hardcover] Chapter 12, DOI: 10.5772/47733, pp.297-312: http://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-advances-in-crystallography/computational-potential-energy-minimization-studies-on-the-prion-agaaaaga-amyloid-fibril-molecular-s
title: Mapping galaxy images across ultraviolet, visible and infrared bands using generative deep learning
Creators: name: Zaazou, Youssef
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: We demonstrate that generative deep learning can be used to map astronomical observations of galaxies across various photometric bands including ultraviolet visible and infrared bands. We also demonstrate that this mapping can be learned without the need to use existing multi wavelength observations which are sparse and nontrivial to obtain and preprocess. We do so by using mock observations from the Illustris cosmological simulations to train our models. To date, this is a novel use of Illustris’ mock observations. We demonstrate that models trained on mock observations can generalize and extend the learned mapping to real observations using general image comparison metrics such as the structural similarity index (SSIM) and more specific astronomical metrics such as the GINI coefficient and the M20 measurement. This could allow astronomers to significantly augment existing observations, specifically in areas where multiwavelength observations do not exist, with minimal inference cost.
Eine retrospektive Analyse von Antibiotikaresistenzen bei Patienten mit Cystischer Fibrose
Creators: name: Otterbach, Sina
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Die Cystische Fibrose ist gekennzeichnet durch eine chronische Keimbesiedelung der Lunge mit konsekutiver Entzündungsreaktion der Atemwege. Durch den häufigen Antibiotikaeinsatz bilden sich vermehrt Resistenzen. Für die CF-Leitkeime P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. cepacia und S. maltophilia wurde neben der Ermittlung einer keimbezogenen Gesamtresistenz die Resistenzentwicklung durch Quantifizierung der patienten- und keimbezogenen Antibiotikaresistenz mit Bildung eines individuellen Resistenzwertes genauer untersucht. Es konnte eine Zunahme der Antibiotikaresistenzen sowie ein vermehrtes Auftreten von 3- und 4-MRGN-P. aeruginosa nachgewiesen werden. Mit Hilfe eines Zeitstrahls wurde ein Zusammenhang zwischen intravenöser Antibiotikatherapie und Resistenzentwicklung sichtbar gemacht. Durch den Anstieg der Antibiotikaresistenzen und dem vermehrten Nachweis von multiresistenten Erregern wird eine erfolgreiche Therapie bei CF-Patienten zunehmend erschwert.
description: Cystic fibrosis is characterized by chronic pulmonary colonization of pathogens with consecutive inflammatory response. Due to frequent use of antibiotics, drug resistance is increasing. The most dominant bacteria in the CF-lung are P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. cepacia und S. maltophilia, whose resistance developments have been examined by calculation of the total resistance. Furthermore, an individual resistance value, derived from quantification of patient- and bacteria-related antibiotic resistance, was determined. An increase of total resistances as well as the occurrence of 3- und 4-MRGN-P. aeruginosa has been demonstrated. By means of a timeline the correlation between intravenous antibiotic treatment and development of resistance has been illustrated. The rise of antibiotic resistance in conjunction with an increased incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens adversely affects a successful therapy in CF-patients.
Tunneling theory of two interacting atoms in a trap
Creators: name: Rontani, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory for the tunneling of one atom out of a trap containing two interacting cold atoms is developed. The quasiparticle wave function, dressed by the interaction with the companion atom in the trap, replaces the non-interacting orbital at resonance in the tunneling matrix element. The computed tunneling time for two 6Li atoms agrees with recent experimental results [G. Zuern, F. Serwane, T. Lompe, A. N. Wenz, M. G. Ries, J. E. Bohn, and S. Jochim, arXiv:1111.2727], unveiling the `fermionization' of the wave function and a novel two-body effect.
description: RevTeX 4.1, 5 pages, 4 pdf figures. In this revised version the effects of trap anharmonicity have been taken into account (cf. Fig. 2) and new references have been added. To appear in Physical Review Letters
Some aspects of the ICSI 1998 Broadcast News effort
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: Overview of Ellis's contributions to a Large Vocabulary Conversational Speech Recognition system submitted to a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and National Institute of Standards and Technology evaluation of approaches to speech recognition of broadcast news footage, in particular work on feature choice, large nets, whole-utterance filters (nonlinear segment normalization), and gender-dependence.
title: Understanding the landscape of counterfeit credentials and university admissions fraud
title: Degrees of Deceit
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Eaton, Sarah Elaine
name: Carmichael, Jamie
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2020
Subjects: academic integrity
admissions fraud
fake degree
fraud

description: This slide deck handout is from the webinar "Understanding the landscape of counterfeit credentials and university admissions fraud" given on 11 Sep 2020 by Carmichael & Eaton through the Taylor Institute for Teaching and Learning, University of Calgary. Main topics include: admissions fraud, fake degrees, and counterfeit credentials.
title: Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (USA)
title: Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (USA)
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Edward A.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: USA
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Soldat
subject: World War, 1914-1918--United States
subject: Soldiers
subject: Attitudes

description: This article examines coercion and consent within the First World War – why did men fight – were they manipulated and intimidated into war, or were they willing to engage in combat. American soldiers, similar to their European brethren, fought for a mixture of both coercion and consent; however, the latter played a larger role. While societal and governmental propaganda, as well as army discipline were persuasive factors, consent was the greater motivation. The majority of Americans were willing to fight for the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF).
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War