Spixia doellojuradoi Parodiz 1941
Creators: name: Oroño, Eugenia Salas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Odontostomidae
Spixia
Spixia doellojuradoi

description: Spixia doellojuradoi (Parodiz 1941)   
(Figures: 4–14)  
 Odontostomus (Spixia) doellojuradoi Parodiz, 1941: 93. Odontostomus (Spixia) doellojuradoi Parodiz, 1942b: 320. Cyclodontina (Spixia) doellojuradoi Parodiz, 1957: 26. Spixia doellojuradoi Fernández, 1973: 128.   
 Odontostomus (Spixia) doellojuradoi Breure, 1974: 115. Odontostomus (Spixia) doellojuradoi Breure, 1985: 12.   
 Holotype: MACN 23124   
 Type locality: Argentina, Córdoba Prov., Punilla dept. Estación Casa Grande, between Cosquín and la Falda, I. Vattuone leg., 1919   
 Shell (Fig. 4): Subpyriform, globose, thick, 8 1/2 convex whorls, aperture 1/3 of total shell length. First two whorls light brown, teleoconch whitish bright. Protoconch with axial, straight ribs, parallel to each other, separated by regular spaces (Fig. 5). Teleoconch with axial wrinkles, more pronounced near suture. Suture simple. Aperture ovate, wide, with one tooth and four lamellae. Palatal apertural border straight, parietal callus smooth, with variable degree of development. Parietal lamellae concave on both sides, with base perpendicular to peristome, columellar lamellae concave, with both sides narrow, basal lamellae perpendicular to peristome with its tip pointed to inferior part of columellar lamellae, palatal lamellae narrow, and suprapalatal tooth sharply pointed. Peristome slightly reflexed.   
 Shell Measurements: Holotype: H: 25; D maj: 10; H ap: 9.2; D ap: 6. FML 1210: (n = 4): H: 20.4–23.2 (Median: 21.6); D maj: 8–9 (Median: 8.3); H ap: 7.7– 9.5 (Median: 8.6); D ap: 5.4–6.2 (Median: 5.7); Ang sp: 33º–42º (Median: 38º); Ang max: 133º–136º (Median: 134º). FML 10895 (n = 3) H: 21.5–24 (Median: 22.6); D maj: 5.6–7.6 (Median: 6.8); H ap: 7.9–8.4 (Median: 8); D ap: 5.7 –6.2 (Median: 5.8); Ang sp: 35º– 40º (Median: 37.2º); Ang max: 127º–131º (Median: 128.2º). FML 953 (n = 4): H: 21.3–24 (Median: 22.4); D maj: 8.5–9.2 (Median: 8.8); H ap: 8.2–9.1 (Median: 8.9); D ap: 5.6–6 (Median: 5.8); Ang sp: 37º–41º (Median: 38.4º); Ang max: 122º–134º (Median: 129.6º). FML 14788 (n =14): H: 22–26.2 (Median: 23.8); D maj: 7.4–9 (Median: 8.1); H ap: 7.5–10 (Median: 8.43); D ap: 5–7(Median: 6); Ang sp: 29º–38º (Median: 34º); Ang max: 128º–134º (Median: 132.2º).   
 External Features: Body pale gray homogeneous colored. Foot holopod. Sole tripartite, pale gray, homogeneous, central portion whitish. Genital orifice located on right side of body, beneath ocular tentacles. Skin granulose.   
 Digestive System: Jaw arcuate (Fig. 6), formed by 10 lateral imbricate and 2 central plaques. Lateral plaques rectangular with similar size. Most external plaques double in size respect to central ones. Central plaques triangular in shape. Inferior border of jaw with irregular outline due to projections of plaques. Radula formed by central, lateral and marginal teeth. Central tooth small, tricuspid, with tall mesocone, smooth, ectocones sharp pointed (Fig. 7). Lateral teeth bicuspid with mesocone tall and one ectocone sharp pointed at opposed side of central tooth (Fig. 8). Marginal teeth tricuspid with two ectocones sharply pointed, one behind another (Fig. 9).   
 Pallial System (Fig. 10): Length of pallial system corresponding to whole body whorl and half of seventh whorl. Kidney triangular slightly longer than pericardic cavity, pale yellow, homogeneous, laminar longitudinally and granulated. Kidney 1/4 of total pulmonary roof length, limited proximally by intestine; left border limiting with pericardial cavity and right border with primary ureter. Primary ureter ascending towards top of pulmonary roof, then descending as secondary ureter from top of pulmonary roof to mantle collar, parallel to rectum. Both, secondary ureter and rectum covered by connective tissue. Rectum opening between folds of mantle collar. Pulmonary vein extending from pericardial cavity to mantle collar parallel to rectum. Distal portion of pulmonary vein turning to right in lower pulmonary roof, splitting into numerous branches. Pallial gland elongated, located between pulmonary roof and mantle collar. Presence of a spongy tissue area, extending between pallial gland and mantle collar (Fig. 11). Pulmonary fold, parallel to pulmonary vein, running towards medial to distal portion of pulmonary roof. Pulmonary fold bordering pallial gland, enclosing vascular area. Secondary ureter opening 3 mm before rectum opening, in a furrow between folds of mantle collar. Interramus zone deeply excavated. Pulmonary roof with marked venation, becoming more abundant towards distal portion. Distal portion of pulmonary roof with dark pigmentation on dorsal side.   
 Reproductive System (Fig. 12): Ovotestis consisting of four groups of fan shaped of acini, digitiform, ramified, with orange homogeneous color. Ovotestis embedded in digestive gland. Hermaphroditic duct thin, convoluted, swollen vesicula seminalis at middle portion, ending at albumen gland, where fertilization pouchspermathecal complex (FPSC) externally distinguished. Fertilization pouch with swollen base, digitiform, sculptured with fine longitudinal lighter lines. Albumen gland bean shaped, with external granular appearance. Proximal portion of spermoviduct enlarging over albumen gland. Oviductal portion of spermoviduct organized into transversal folds over entire length. Free oviduct short, thin, 1/6 of total espermoviduct length. Bursa copulatrix duct long, 1/4 longer than espermoviduct, duct slightly widening at distal portion. Vagina diameter twice as that of penis, 1/3 of penis total length, inner wall with irregular, longitudinal pilasters, granular surface appearance. Phallic complex consisting of flagellum, epiphallus and penis. Flagellum thin, inner wall with zigzag, narrow pilasters. Epiphallus double length and diameter of flagellum, inner wall with flat, longitudinal pilasters. External limits not evident between epiphallus and penis. Penial gland short, triangular in shape. Penis proximal portion tube shaped, with marked constriction followed by widening area. Penis distal portion tube shaped towards atrium, inner wall of penis differentiating into five areas, from penial gland to atrium (Fig. 13): penial area I with fine longitudinal folds. Area II limited by fine rows, central portion with a circular grillwork of small circles; laterally, a short pilaster of same length of widening area occasionally present, constituted by tight, short lamellae overlapping one with each other (Fig. 14). Area III formed by twisted rows V-shaped. Narrow pilaster formed by irregular pustules in medial portion, in some specimens. Area IV with rows gradually less numerous. Area V with longitudinal, thin, undulating, smooth folds, separated at regular spaces. Penial retractor muscle wide, thick, inserting at proximal portion of penial area II. Vas deferens sticking to penial retractor muscle and running independently, parallel to epiphallus.   
 Habitat: Spixia doellojuradoi lives under rocks and among roots and basal portions of small shrubs.   
 Distribution: Cordoba Province Punilla and Calamuchita dept. Area of distribution of the present species is part of the Chaco biogeographic area in Argentina delimited by Morrone (2006).   
 Remarks: Spixia doellojuradoi is different from the rest of the species of Spixia pyriformis complex, especially in its shell sculpture. The periostracum is smooth. Spiral rows and lamellae as well as the characteristic sculpture of the other species are absent in S. doellojuradoi, both in juvenile and in adults specimens. The shell in S. doellojuradoi is always larger than in both S. martensii and S. tucumanensis. The terminology used by Parodiz (1941) to describe the shell shape of S. doellojuradoi is not appropriate. He considered that the shell shape in the present species is “fusiform ventricose”, instead we proposed that the term “subpyriform” is more appropriate for this kind of shell shape. Subpyriform shells have both, the spiral and maximum angle ampler due to a larger development of the body whorl. Whorls are more convex than in a fusiform shell. The growing of the whorls is more continuous in the five first whorls showing a similar diameter but an abrupt change in diameter is achieved in the last tree ones. On the contrary, in the “fusiform” shell shape all whorls show a continuous growth in which the diameter slightly increases from one whorl to another.These characters clearly differentiate the subpyriform shell shape from the fusiform shell shape. Concerning the pallial system, the pallial gland of S. doellojuradoi is described for the first time, being larger in this species than in both S. martensii and S. tucumanensis. Concerning the reproductive system, the penial gland is short and triangular, similar to S. tucumanensis and different from the rest of the species of the complex, where the penial gland is small and rounded. The retractor muscle is located in area I, like in S. tucumanensis; different from S. martensii and S. pyriformis, where the retractor muscle is inserted at the proximal portion of area II. The sculpture of the penial inner wall in S. doellojuradoi is different from the other species except from area I and V which are similar in the four species. The present species is similar to S. pyriformis in the area II differing from it in the general arrangement of the circular grillwork. The circles are smaller in diameter and more tightly apprised with each other than in S. pyriformis. The sculpture of area III and IV is similar to S. martensii but the rows in S. doellojuradoi are more separated from each other and less twisted than in S. martensii. Neither dead nor alive material was found in the Type locality.   
 Specimen Record: FML 953 (DM): Córdoba, Punilla dept. 13 km from San Marcos Sierras on the road to Quilpo, 620 m, 25/12/1967, W. Weyrauch leg. FML 10509 (DM): Córdoba, Calamuchita dept. El Sauce, 25/12/1967, Viama leg. FML 10895(DM): Córdoba, Punilla dept. Cosquín, 16 km on the road to Villa Del Soto, 1050 m, 25/12/1967, W. Weyrauch leg. FML 1178 (DM): Córdoba, Punilla dept. Cosquín, 16 km on the road to Villa del Soto, 1050 m, 25/12/1967, W. Weyrauch leg. FML 1210 (DM): Córdoba, Punilla dept., Canteras de Quilpo, 650 m 25/12/1967, W. Weyrauch leg. FML 1338 (DM): Córdoba, Punilla dept., Estancia La Fronda, 12 km from San Marcos Sierras, on the road to Quilpo, 620m. 26/12/1967, W. Weyrauch leg. FML 14788 (AM): Córdoba, Punilla dept. Pampas de Olaen, 5 km from La Falda cemetery, 1049 m, 31º 06’ 07’’S 64º 31’ 03’’W, 13/07/2005, E. Salas Oroño leg. FML 14789 (AM): Córdoba, Punilla dept. Pampas de Olaen, 3 km from La Falda cemetery, 980 m, 31º 06’ 03’’S 64º 31’12’’W, 16/01/2006, E. Salas Oroño leg. FML 14875 (AM): Cordoba, Ischilín dept. Copacabana, hills near of the road, 922 m, 30º 34’ 17’’S 64º 24’º43’’, 12/ 01/2006, E. Salas Oroño, leg.
description: Published as part of Oroño, Eugenia Salas, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Spixia pyriformis species complex (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Odontostominae), pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 1498 on pages 4-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177060