Iraniulus fagorum
Creators: name: Vagalinski, Boyan
name: Golovatch, Sergei I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Julida
Julidae
Iraniulus
Iraniulus fagorum

description: Iraniulus fagorum (Attems, 1951) Figs 7, 8 Chromatoiulus (Iraniulus) fagorum Attems, 1951: 421-422, figs 39-41. Chromatoiulus fagorum: Bababekova 1969: 22; 1996: 90; Rakhmanov 1972: 116; Samedov et al. 1972: 1245; Rasulova and Rakhmanov 1973: 519. Megaphyllum loeffleri: Golovatch 1983 (lapsus calami): 166. Megaphyllum fagorum: Enghoff and Moravvej 2005: 66. Iraniulus fagorum: Vagalinski and Lazányi 2018: 78-80, figs 156-160. Material examined. <b>Azerbaijan</b>: 1 &amp;female; (SMNG), Lerik District, Hyrcan Nature Reserve, road Lǝnkǝran-Lerik at km 322, 38.7638°N, 48.5819°E, 400 m a.s.l., small valley, forest of <i>Parrotia</i> with some <i>Quercus</i>, in thick litter, 26.III.2015, D. Anti&amp;cacute; and H. Reip leg.; 2 &amp;male;&amp;male;, 4 &amp;female;&amp;female;, 8 juv. (ZMUM), Lankaran, Istisu W of Astara, forest, 29.VII.1974, SIG leg.; 6 &amp;male;&amp;male;, 5 &amp;female;&amp;female;, 2 juv. (ZMUM), Istisu, ca. 8 km SW of Masall&amp;imath;, <i>Quercus</i>, <i>Acer</i>, <i>Carpinus</i> etc., 80-140 m, in litter, under bark and stones, 19-20.X.1983, SIG leg.; 2 &amp;male;&amp;male; (ZMUM), Yard&amp;imath;ml&amp;imath;, Avash, 1200-1500 m, 14-17.VI.1996, SIG leg.; 1 &amp;male;, 2 &amp;female;&amp;female; (ZMUM), Astara, Istisu, W of Astara, 100 m, 2- 6.VI.1996, W. Schawaller leg.; many &amp;male;&amp;male;, &amp;female;&amp;female;, juv. (ZMUM), ca. 6 km WSW of Astara, <i>Quercus</i>, <i>Acer</i>, <i>Carpinus</i>, etc., 10-30 m, in litter and under bark, 18.III.1983, SIG leg.; 1 &amp;male;, 1 &amp;female;, 2 juv. (ZMUM), Lankaran, Alekseevka (Avrora), 24.VII.1974, SIG leg. Diagnosis. A species of <i>Iraniulus</i> differing from its only known congener, <i>I. tricornis</i> sp. nov., by a larger body (males&gt; 25 mm long and higher than 1.7 mm, females&gt; 30 mm long and ca. 2.5 mm high, vs. males &lt;20 mm long and ca. 1 mm high, females &lt;25 mm long and ca. 1.5 mm high in <i>I. tricornis</i> sp. nov.), by having a proportionately longer, more slender opisthomere, and by certain details of solenomere structure: directed completely distad, with a larger basocaudal process, and with an apical part ending in two short rounded branches of equal size on the mesal side, and one slender sigmoid branch on the lateral side, vs. the same turned somewhat caudad in <i>I. tricornis</i> sp. nov., with a proportionately smaller basocaudal process, and with an apical part bearing three sharply pointed branches of equal size. Descriptive notes. <b> <i>Gonopods</i>:</b> Promere (Fig. 7A) as high as opisthomere, broadest at base, significantly narrowing distad; apex narrow; apicomesal process similar to that in <i>I. tricornis</i> sp. nov., but longer; flagellum just slightly longer than height of promere. Opisthomere (Fig. 7B-E) relatively slender; anterior process tapering, straight; basoposterior process with its apical outgrowth protruding at nearly 90° to CBO, bent slightly apicad; a small lobe distolaterally; mesal side with a narrow, slender lobe (presumably gonocoxal gland) and a rather narrow anteromesal sinus; with a row of sparse spiniform filaments along flagellum channel; solenomere consisting of a tapering basomesal process, a broadly rounded basocaudal process, and an apical part ending in three minute branches: two rounded mesal ones, and a sigmoid lateral one. <i>Vulva</i> (Fig. 8) mostly corresponding to the description and drawing given in Vagalinski and Lazányi (2018) except for the opening, which is not large as claimed by these authors, but is in fact minute, hidden between the large bursal hyaline protrusions. General distribution. Iran, Lahijan (type locality); Azerbaijan, Lenkoran [Lankaran] (Samedov et al. 1972). Apparently, a Hyrcanian endemic. Remarks. <i>Iraniulus fagorum</i> can easily be recognised in the field by both its greyish green colouration and its specific, strong odour (Dragan Anti&amp;cacute;, pers. comm.). The latter is the result of the large proportion of p-cresol (&gt; 90%) in its defensive secretion. This compound is known to be produced by only a few species of Julidae, while it is typical of the order Callipodida (Bodner et al. 2016). Interestingly, p-cresol may be a major compound in the secretions of another two julids inhabiting the Caucasus, namely, <i>Pachyiulus krivolutskyi</i> Golovatch, 1977 from Colchis and <i>Syrioiulus continentalis</i> (Attems, 1903) from Hyrcania, both species showing a similar bright yellow-greyish colouration reminiscent of the green tinges in <i>I. fagorum</i> (Evsyukov et al. 2021).
description: Published as part of <i>Vagalinski, Boyan &amp; Golovatch, Sergei I., 2021, The millipede tribe Brachyiulini in the Caucasus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), pp. 1-127 in ZooKeys 1058</i> on page 1, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1058.68628
description: {"references": ["Bababekova, LA, 1969. [To the study of the myriapod fauna (Diplopoda) of the Lenkoran zone]. In: Ghilarov, MS, Ed., Problems of Soil Zoology. Materials of the III All-Union Conference, Moscow, 1969. Moscow: 21 - 22", "Bababekova, LA, 1996. [The subphylum of tracheates - Tracheata]. In: Aliev SV, Kasymov EG (Eds) Animal life of Azerbaijan 2: The phylum of arthropods. Elm Publishers, Baku", "Rakhmanov, RR, 1972. [Millipedes of the Lenkoran zone of Azerbaijan]. In: Ghilarov MS (Ed.) Problems of Soil Zoology. Materials of the IV All-Union Conference, Baku 1972. Nauka Publishers, Moscow", "Samedov, NG, Bababekova, LA, Rakhmanov, RR, 1972. [Distribution of myriapods (Myriapoda) in various types of soil of Lenkoran]. Zoologicheskii zhurnal 51 (8): 1244 - 1247", "Rasulova, EK, Rakhmanov, RR, 1973. [Changes in the composition and distribution patterns of springtails (Collembola) and millipedes (Diplopoda) in various soil types of the Lenkoran zone of Azerbaijan]. Materials of the 6th Session of the Transcaucasian Council for the Coordination of Research Work on Plant Protection, Tbilisi, 1973: 519-520. [In Russian]", "Golovatch, SI, 1983. A contribution to the millipede fauna of Iran (Diplopoda). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 85B: 157-169. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/ANNA_85B_0157-0169.pdf", "Enghoff, H, Moravvej, SA, 2005. A review of the millipede fauna of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 35: 61 - 72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2005.10638104", "Vagalinski, B, Lazanyi, E, 2018. Revision of the millipede tribe Brachyiulini Verhoeff, 1909 (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), with descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa 4421 (1): 001 - 142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4421.1.1", "Bodner, M, Vagalinski, B, Makarov, SE, Antic, DZ, Vujisic, LV, Leis, H-J, Raspotnig, G, 2016. \"Quinone millipedes\" reconsidered: evidence for a mosaic-like taxonomic distribution of phenol-based secretions across the Julidae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 42: 249 - 258, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-016-0680-4", "Evsyukov, AP, Golovatch, SI, Antic, DZ, 2021. The millipede genera Amblyiulus Silvestri, 1896 and Syrioiulus Verhoeff, 1914 in the Caucasus, with notes on their distributions (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae). ZooKeys 1048: 109 - 143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1048.68454"]}