cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of autophagic flux differently modulates cannabidiol induced death in 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell cultures
Creators: name: Ivanov, Vladimir N.
name: Grabham, Peter W.
name: Wu, Cheng-Chia
name: Hei, Tom K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Radiotherapy
Glioblastoma multiforme
Cannabinoids
Apoptosis

description: Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is the major treatment modality for human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBMs eventually relapse after treatment and the average survival of GBM patients is less than two years. There is some evidence that cannabidiol (CBD) can induce cell death and increases the radiosensitivity of GBM by enhancing apoptosis. Beside initiation of death, CBD has been demonstrated as an inducer of autophagy. In the present study, we address the question whether CBD simultaneously induces a protective effect in GBM by upregulating autophagy. Addition of chloroquine that suppressed autophagic flux to 2D GBM cultures increased CBD-induced cell death, presenting proof for the protective autophagy. Blockage of autophagy upregulated radiation-induced cytotoxicity but only modestly affected the levels of cell death in CBD- or CBD/gamma-irradiated 3D GBM cultures. Furthermore, CBD enhanced the pro-apoptotic activities of JNK1/2 and MAPK p38 signaling cascades while partially downregulated the pro-survival PI3K-AKT cascade, thereby changing a balance between cell death and survival. Suppression of JNK activation partially reduced CBD-induced cell death in 3D GBM cultures. In contrast, co-treatment of CBD-targeted cells with inhibitors of PI3K-AKT-NF-kB, IKK-NF-kB or JAK2-STAT3 pathways killed surviving GBM cells in both 2D and 3D cultures, potentially improving the therapeutic ratio of GBM.
Signatures of quark deconfinement through the r-modes of twin stars
Creators: name: Laskos-Patkos, P.
name: Moustakidis, Ch. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation and distinction of two compact stars with an identical mass but a different radius would be a clear sign of hadron-quark phase transition in nuclear matter. Motivated by studies searching for significant deviations in the observables of twin stars, we investigate the differences that manifest in their r-mode instability windows and spin-down evolution. Firstly, we obtain a set of hybrid equations of state (which predict the existence of a third stable branch of compact objects) by employing the well-known Maxwell construction within the phenomenological framework of constant speed of sound parametrization. Then, we systematically study the influence of certain parameters, such as the energy density jump (in the resulting hybrid equation of state) and the crust elasticity, on the deviations appearing in the r-mode instability windows and spin-down evolution of twin stars. We conclude that two stars with an identical mass and fairly similar spin frequency and temperature, may behave differently with respect to r-modes. Thus, the future possible detection of gravitational waves (due to unstable r-modes) from a star laying in the stable region of the frequency-temperature plane would be a strong indication for the existence of twin stars. Furthermore, we consider current data for the spin frequencies and temperatures of observed pulsars and compare them to the predictions made from equations of state employed in this study. We find that, depending on the transition density and the rigidness of the crust, hybrid equations of state may be a viable solution for the explanation of existing data.
description: v1: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; v2: updated to match the published version; accepted for publication in Physical Review D
title: Ανίχνευση φυτοφαρμάκων χρησιμοποιούμενων στο αμπέλι στον νομό Χανίων
Creators: name: Κορακάκη Ελένη Β.
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 1997

description: Μη διαθέσιμο
Coronal X-Ray Emission from Nearby, Low-Mass, Exoplanet Host Stars Observed by the MUSCLES and Mega-MUSCLES HST Treasury Survey Projects
Creators: name: Brown, Alexander
name: Schneider, P. Christian
name: France, Kevin
name: Froning, Cynthia S.
name: Youngblood, Allison A.
name: Wilson, David J.
name: Loyd, R. O. Parke
name: Pineda, J. Sebastian
name: Duvvuri, Girish M.
name: Kowalski, Adam F.
name: Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high energy X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) radiation fields of exoplanet host stars play a crucial role in controlling the atmospheric conditions and the potential habitability of exoplanets. Major surveys of the X-ray/UV emissions from late-type (K and M spectral type) exoplanet hosts have been conducted by the MUSCLES and Mega-MUSCLES Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Treasury programs. These samples primarily consist of relatively old, ``inactive'', low mass stars. In this paper we present results from X-ray observations of the coronal emission from these stars obtained using the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the XMM-Newton Observatory, and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. The stars effectively sample the coronal activity of low-mass stars at a wide range of masses and ages. The vast majority (21 of 23) of the stars are detected and their X-ray luminosities measured. Short-term flaring variability is detected for most of the fully-convective (M $\leq$ 0.35 M$_{\odot}$) stars but not for the more massive M dwarfs during these observations. Despite this difference, the mean X-ray luminosities for these two sets of M dwarfs are similar with more massive (0.35 M$_{\odot}$ $\leq$ M $\leq$ 0.6 M$_{\odot}$) M dwarfs at $\sim$5 $\times$ 10$^{26}$ erg s$^{-1}$ compared to $\sim$2 $\times$ 10$^{26}$ erg s$^{-1}$ for fully-convective stars older than 1 Gyr. Younger, fully-convective M dwarfs have X-ray luminosities between 3 and 6 $\times$ 10$^{27}$ erg s$^{-1}$.The coronal X-ray spectra have been characterized and provide important information that is vital for the modeling of the stellar EUV spectra.
description: 39 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Quantifying the status of economies in international crop trade networks: An correlation structure analysis of various node-ranking metrics
Creators: name: Zhang, Yin-Ting
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: International food trade is a growing complement to gaps in domestic food supply and demand, but it is vulnerable to disruptions due to some unforeseen shocks. This paper assembles the international crop trade networks using maize, rice, soybean, and wheat trade data sets from 1986 to 2020. We assess the importance of economies using multidimensional node importance metrics. We analyze the correlation structure of different node important metrics based on the random matrix theory and incorporate 20 metrics into a single metric. We find that some metrics have many similarities and dissimilarities, especially for metrics based on the same trade flow directions. We also find that European economies have a significant impact on the iCTNs. Additionally, economies with poor crop production play a major role in import trade, whereas economies with higher food production or smaller populations are crucial to export trade. Our findings have practical implications for identifying key economies in the international crop trade networks, preventing severe damage to the food trade system caused by trade disruptions in some economies, maintaining the stability of the food supply, and ensuring food security.
Gas-Particle Dynamics in High-Speed Flows
Creators: name: Capecelatro, Jesse
name: Wagner, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-speed disperse multiphase flows are present in numerous environmental and engineering applications with complex interactions between turbulence, shock waves, and particles. Compared to its incompressible counterpart, compressible two-phase flows introduce new scales of motion that challenge simulations and experiments. This review focuses on gas-particle interactions spanning subsonic to supersonic flow conditions. An overview of existing Mach number-dependent drag laws is presented, with origins from 18th-century cannon firings, and new insights from particle-resolved numerical simulations. The equations of motion and phenomenology for a single particle are first reviewed. Multi-particle systems spanning dusty gases to dense suspensions are then discussed from numerical and experimental perspectives.
Solving the electronic structure problem for over 100,000 atoms in real-space
Creators: name: Dogan, Mehmet
name: Liou, Kai-Hsin
name: Chelikowsky, James R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a real-space high order finite-difference approach, we investigate the electronic structure of large spherical silicon nanoclusters. Within Kohn-Sham density functional theory and using pseudopotentials, we report the self-consistent field convergence of a system with over 100,000 atoms: a Si(107,641)H(9,084) nanocluster with a diameter of 16 nm. Our approach uses Chebyshev-filtered subspace iteration to speed-up the convergence of the eigenspace, and blockwise Hilbert space filling curves to speed-up sparse matrix-vector multiplications, all of which is implemented in the PARSEC code. For the largest system, we utilized 2048 nodes (114,688 processors) on the Frontera machine in the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Our quantitative analysis of the electronic structure shows how it gradually approaches its bulk counterpart as a function of the nanocluster size. The band gap is enlarged due to quantum confinement in nanoclusters, but decreases as the system size increases, as expected. Our work serves as a proof-of-concept for the capacity of the real-space approach in efficiently parallelizing very large calculations using high performance computer platforms, which can straightforwardly be replicated in other systems with more than $10^5$ atoms.
Mixing local and global information for community detection in large networks
Creators: name: De Meo, Pasquale
name: Ferrara, Emilio
name: Fiumara, Giacomo
name: Provetti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of clustering large complex networks plays a key role in several scientific fields ranging from Biology to Sociology and Computer Science. Many approaches to clustering complex networks are based on the idea of maximizing a network modularity function. Some of these approaches can be classified as global because they exploit knowledge about the whole network topology to find clusters. Other approaches, instead, can be interpreted as local because they require only a partial knowledge of the network topology, e.g., the neighbors of a vertex. Global approaches are able to achieve high values of modularity but they do not scale well on large networks and, therefore, they cannot be applied to analyze on-line social networks like Facebook or YouTube. In contrast, local approaches are fast and scale up to large, real-life networks, at the cost of poorer results than those achieved by local methods. In this article we propose a glocal method to maximizing modularity, i.e., our method uses information at the global level, yet its scalability on large networks is comparable to that of local methods. The proposed method is called COmplex Network CLUster DEtection (or, shortly, CONCLUDE.) It works in two stages: in the first stage it uses an information-propagation model, based on random and non-backtracking walks of finite length, to compute the importance of each edge in keeping the network connected (called edge centrality.) Then, edge centrality is used to map network vertices onto points of an Euclidean space and to compute distances between all pairs of connected vertices. In the second stage, CONCLUDE uses the distances computed in the first stage to partition the network into clusters. CONCLUDE is computationally efficient since in the average case its cost is roughly linear in the number of edges of the network.
Additional file 1 of Why do students skip classroom lectures: A single dental school report
Creators: name: Alamoudi, Waleed A.
name: Alhelo, Azza F.
name: Almazrooa, Soulafa A.
name: Felemban, Osama M.
name: Binmadi, Nada O.
name: Alhindi, Nada A.
name: Ali, Sarah A.
name: Akeel, Sara K.
name: Alhamed, Sana A.
name: Mansour, Ghadah M.
name: Mawardi, Hani H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Student attendance survey.
Correlation study of temporal and emission properties of quiescent magnetars
Creators: name: Seo, Jiwoo
name: Lee, Jaewon
name: An, Hongjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured temporal and emission properties of quiescent magnetars using archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data, produced a list of the properties for 17 magnetars, and revisited previously suggested correlations between the properties. Our studies carried out with a larger sample, better spectral characterizations, and more thorough analyses not only confirmed previously-suggested correlations but also found new ones. The observed correlations differ from those seen in other neutron-star populations but generally accord with magnetar models. Specifically, the trends of the intriguing correlations of blackbody luminosity ($L_{\rm BB}$) with the spin-inferred dipole magnetic field strength ($B_{\rm S}$) and characteristic age ($τ_{\rm c}$) were measured to be $L_{\rm BB}\propto B_{\rm S}^{1.5}$ and $L_{\rm BB}\propto τ_{\rm c}^{-0.6}$, supporting the twisted magnetosphere and magnetothermal evolution models for magnetars. We report the analysis results and discuss our findings in the context of magnetar models.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in JKAS
Sport Participation and Academic Achievement: A Longitudinal Study
Creators: name: Dyer, Angela M.
name: Kristjansson, Alfgeir L.
name: Mann, Michael J.
name: Smith, Megan L.
name: Allegrante, John P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: School sports
Academic achievement
Teenagers
Health behavior in adolescence

description: OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between sport participation and academic achievement in a sample of adolescents, while accounting for socioeconomic status (SES) and sex. METHODS: We analyzed data from a cohort of 271 Mid-Atlantic high school students who participated in a longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for substance use, teen parenting, and school drop out. RESULTS: Sport participation at year one predicted academic achievement in English (p < .05) and mathematics (p < .05) at year 2, while controlling for academic achievement at year one. In both instances over other independent variables and covariates in the models, sport participation explains almost 7% of additional variance in the outcomes variables. We also found a positive relationship for participants who reported parents with some college experience as opposed to parents with no college experience, between sport participation and grades in English (p < .05) but not for mathematics. CONCLUSIONS: Sport participation is positively related to academic achievement but the relationship diverges when students are compared across sex and by parental education. These findings suggest that the relationship between sport participation and academic achievement may be influenced by SES and is related to sex.
title: Ο έλεγχος στο σχεδιασμό νέων πόλεων από τη Βιομηχανική Επανάσταση μέχρι σήμερα
Creators: name: Ζουρμπακη Αθανασια
name: Μεξη Στυλιανη
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2015

description: Η διαδικασία σχεδιασμού μιας πόλης είναι παράλληλα και μια άμεση ή έμμεση διαδικασία σχεδιασμού του ελέγχου αυτής. Πόσο μάλλον εάν μιλάμε για Νέες Πόλεις, όπου τόσο ο σχεδιασμός τους σε «λευκή σελίδα» εκ του μηδενός, όσο και η ανέγερσή τους σε ένα «no man's land» τόπο, εξασφαλίζουν τις απαραίτητες προϋποθέσεις για την επιβολή ενός συγκεκριμένου μοντέλου ζωής, αλλά και μιας τυποποιημένης και καθορισμένης συμπεριφοράς, ανάλογα με το κοινωνικοπολιτικό πλαίσιο στο οποίο δημιουργούνται.
Η ραγδαία αστικοποίηση, στα πλαίσια της Bιομηχανικής Eπανάστασης και των μεταβολών στην οικονομία και την παραγωγή, οδήγησε στο φαινόμενο της ανέγερσης Νέων Πόλεων. Το φαινόμενο αυτό εντάθηκε με την πάροδο των χρόνων, καθώς και οι ανάγκες που το γεννούσαν γίνονταν όλο και πιο σύνθετες. Τόσο το φορντικό μοντέλο παραγωγής, όσο και η ανάδυση, μέσα από τις στάχτες του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, ενός κράτους πρόνοιας, κυρίως στις καπιταλιστικές χώρες της δύσης, οδήγησαν στη δημιουργία πολλών Νέων Πόλεων με τα χαρακτηριστικά του μοντέρνου κινήματος. Στον 20ο αιώνα έως και σήμερα, με την αλλαγή του παραγωγικού μοντέλου και τη διεθνοποίηση της οικονομίας, οι Νέες Πόλεις αναδύονται και αυτές στα πλαίσια μιας καταναλωτικής διαδικασίας. Γίνονται πλέον εμπόρευμα, το οποίο πρέπει συμβαδίζει με τους κανόνες της αγοράς και της ζήτησης. Στην παρούσα εργασία θα εξετάσουμε πώς επιτυγχάνεται ο έλεγχος μέσω του σχεδιασμού, μέσα από μια σειρά χαρακτηριστικών παραδειγμάτων για την εξέλιξη των Νέων Πόλεων. Έτσι, από τα αλατωρυχεία του Ledoux στη Chaux, τα σχέδια των ουτοπιστών σοσιαλιστών για τις ιδανικές πόλεις, τις κηπουπόλεις του Howard, τη Cite Industrielle του Garnier, τη Brasilia του Oscar Niemayer και Lúcio Costa, μέχρι τη Celebration City στη Florida της εταιρίας Disney κ.α., καταλαβαίνει κανείς την εξέλιξη των Νέων Πόλεων καθώς και του σχεδιασμένου ελέγχου της εκάστοτε εξουσίας.
Cumulative risk over the early life course and its relation to academic achievement in childhood and early adolescence
Creators: name: Ragnarsdottir, Laufey Dís
name: Kristjansson, Alfgeir L.
name: Thorisdottir, Ingibjorg E.
name: Allegrante, John P.
name: Valdimarsdottir, Heiddis
name: Gestsdottir, Steinunn
name: Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Academic achievement
Child development
Children--Family relationships
Children--Health and hygiene
Risk

description: Early-life risk factors, such as family disruption, maltreatment, and poverty, can negatively impact children's scholastic abilities; however, most previous studies have relied on cross-sectional designs and retrospective measurement. This study investigated the relation between cumulative risk factors during the early life course and subsequent academic achievement in a cohort of children and adolescents. Data for this study were based on registry-data material from the LIFECOURSE study of 1151 children from the 2000 birth cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland, assembled in 2014-2016. Multiple lifetime risk factors, including maternal smoking during pregnancy, parent's disability status, being born to a young mother, number of children in the household, family income, number of visits to school nurses, and reports of maltreatment, were assessed. Latent class analysis and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used to predict academic achievement in the 4th and 7th grades. Individuals with no risk factors reported the highest average academic achievement in the 4th (M=66 points, SD=17) and 7th grades (M=67 points, SD=15). There was a significant main effect for 4th-grade risk factors and academic achievement (F [7, 1146]=12.06, p<0.001) and a similar relationship between the risk factor profile and achievement scores in 7th grade (F [7, 1146]=15.08, p<0.001). Each additional risk factor was associated with a drop in academic achievement at both grade levels. We conclude that academic achievement declines in proportion to the number of risk factors in early life.
title: Η αποκατάσταση του οικείου στο απόκοσμο ερείπιο της Πάρνηθας
Creators: name: Στεργιου Αθανασια-Θαλεια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2016

description: Εκατό περίπου χρόνια μετά την ανέγερσή του, επιστρέφουμε
στο Σανατόριο της Πάρνηθας , επιχειρώντας μια προσπάθεια
να περισώσουμε την μνήμη του τόπου.  Επιλέγουμε κάποια
αρχιτεκτονικά στοιχεία , απομεινάρια του κτιρίου ,
προσπαθώντας να τα αναγνώσουμε και να τα αναδείξουμε με
μία άλλη οπτική , με σκοπό το κτίριο του Σανατορίου
(Ξενία Πάρνηθας) , να ανακτήσει και πάλι τον σημαντικό
ρόλο που κατείχε κάποτε στην κοινωνία. Με αφετηρία τα
στοιχεία εκείνα που δημιουργούν μία ανοίκεια αίσθηση στο
κτίριο , επιχειρείται η αναδιαμόρφωση τους , με σκοπό να
επιτευχθεί μέσα από μία βιωματική εμπειρία η πολυπόθητη
οικειότητα του χώρου. Κεντρικός άξονας της σύνθεσης
αποτελεί το δίπολο οικείο – ανοίκειο , ενώ βασικές
συνιστώσες της σύνθεσης αποτελούν η πρόσβαση μέσω του
βλέμματος , μαζί με άλλα φυσικά στοιχεία ήλιο – νερό –
αέρα .
An interpretable machine-learned model for international oil trade network
Creators: name: Xie, Wen-Jie
name: Wei, Na
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy security and energy trade are the cornerstones of global economic and social development. The structural robustness of the international oil trade network (iOTN) plays an important role in the global economy. We integrate the machine learning optimization algorithm, game theory, and utility theory for learning an oil trade decision-making model which contains the benefit endowment and cost endowment of economies in international oil trades. We have reconstructed the network degree, clustering coefficient, and closeness of the iOTN well to verify the effectiveness of the model. In the end, policy simulations based on game theory and agent-based model are carried out in a more realistic environment. We find that the export-oriented economies are more vulnerable to be affected than import-oriented economies after receiving external shocks. Moreover, the impact of the increase and decrease of trade friction costs on the international oil trade is asymmetrical and there are significant differences between international organizations.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Asymptotic Behaviour and Ratios of Complexity in Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Zenil, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the asymptotic behaviour of symbolic computing systems, notably one-dimensional cellular automata (CA), in order to ascertain whether and at what rate the number of complex versus simple rules dominate the rule space for increasing neighbourhood range and number of symbols (or colours), and how different behaviour is distributed in the spaces of different cellular automata formalisms. Using two different measures, Shannon's block entropy and Kolmogorov complexity, the latter approximated by two different methods (lossless compressibility and block decomposition), we arrive at the same trend of larger complex behavioural fractions. We also advance a notion of asymptotic and limit behaviour for individual rules, both over initial conditions and runtimes, and we provide a formalisation of Wolfram's classification as a limit function in terms of Kolmogorov complexity.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures. As appeared in the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos with corrections to the definition of Wolfram class
Hydrodynamic Stability Criterion for Colloidal Gelation under Gravity
Creators: name: de Graaf, Joost
name: Torre, Kim William
name: Poon, Wilson C. K.
name: Hermes, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attractive colloids diffuse and aggregate to form gels, solid-like particle networks suspended in a fluid. Gravity is known to strongly impact the stability of gels once they are formed. However, its effect on the process of gel formation has seldom been studied. Here, we simulate the effect of gravity on gelation using both Brownian dynamics and a lattice-Boltzmann algorithm that accounts for hydrodynamic interactions. We work in a confined geometry to capture macroscopic, buoyancy-induced flows driven by the density mismatch between fluid and colloids. These flows give rise to a stability criterion for network formation, based on an effective accelerated sedimentation of nascent clusters at low volume fractions that disrupts gelation. Above a critical volume fraction, mechanical strength in the forming gel network dominates the dynamics: the interface between the colloid-rich and colloid-poor region moves downward at an ever decreasing rate. Finally, we analyze the asymptotic state, the colloidal gel-like sediment, which we find not to be appreciably impacted by the vigorous flows that can occur during the settling of the colloids. Our findings represent the first steps toward understanding how flow during formation affects the life span of colloidal gels.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, 3 movies
Classification of blazar candidates of unknown type in Fermi 4LAC by unanimous voting from multiple Machine Learning Algorithms
Creators: name: Agarwal, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) data release 3 (4LAC-DR3) contains 3407 AGNs, out of which 755 are flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 1379 are BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), 1208 are blazars of unknown (BCUs) type, while 65 are non AGNs. Accurate categorization of many unassociated blazars still remains a challenge due to the lack of sufficient optical spectral information. The aim of this work is to use high-precision, optimized machine learning (ML) algorithms to classify BCUs into BL Lacs and FSRQs. To address this, we selected the 4LAC-DR3 Clean sample (i.e., sources with no analysis flags) containing 1115 BCUs. We employ five different supervised ML algorithms, namely, random forest, logistic regression, XGBoost, CatBoost, and neural network with seven features: Photon index, synchrotron-peak frequency, Pivot Energy, Photon index at Pivot\_Energy, Fractional variability, $νFν$ at synchrotron-peak frequency, and Variability index. Combining results from all models leads to better accuracy and more robust predictions. These five methods together classified 610 BCUs as BL Lacs and 333 BCUs as FSRQs with a classification metric area under the curve $>$ 0.96. Our results are significantly compatible with recent studies as well. The output from this study provides a larger blazar sample with many new targets that could be used for forthcoming multi-wavelength surveys. This work can be further extended by adding features in X-rays, UV, visible, and radio wavelengths.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, Accepted in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia medication prescribing in Qatari primary care settings: a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records
Creators: name: Syed, Mohamed Ahmed
name: Al Nuaimi, Ahmed Sameer
name: A/Qotba, Hamda Abdulla
name: Zainel, Abduljaleel Abdullatif
name: Marji, Tamara
name: Razaq, Uzma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Additional tables.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and scholastic achievement in childhood: evidence from the LIFECOURSE cohort study
Creators: name: Kristjansson, Alfgeir L.
name: Thorisdottir, Ingibjorg E.
name: Allegrante, John P.
name: Lilly, Christa L.
name: Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Academic achievement
Child development
Prenatal influences
Pregnant women--Tobacco use
Cohort analysis

description: BACKGROUND: Research on the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on scholastic achievement in the offspring has shown conflicting findings. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of MSDP on scholastic achievement in a birth cohort of children in 4th, 7th and 10th grades. METHODS: We analysed data from the LIFECOURSE study, a cohort study of risk and protective factors in all children born in Reykjavik, Iceland, in the year 2000 (N = 1151, girls = 49.3%). Retrospective registry data for 2014-2015 were merged with prospective survey data that were collected in April 2016. Data on MSDP were assessed during regular antenatal visits at the end of the first trimester. Standardized academic achievement scores were obtained from official school transcripts. Data were analysed using OLS regressions that were entered in three hierarchical blocks. RESULTS: Children of mothers who smoked tobacco during the first trimester consistently revealed between 5% and 7% lower scores on standardized academic achievement in 4th, 7th and 10th grade (∼6-8 points on a normally distributed 120 point scale) than those of mothers who had not smoked tobacco during this period (P < 0.05). These findings held after controlling for several factors associated with the time of birth (e.g. birth weight, maternal age at birth, birth order, parental cohabitation and household income), as well as the year of scholastic assessment (parental cohabitation, household income and parental education). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was negatively related to scholastic achievement in the offspring during 4th, 7th and 10th grade.
Entropic Stabilization and Descriptors of Structural Transformation in High Entropy Alloys
Creators: name: Kumar, Narendra
name: Waghmare, Umesh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With first-principles theoretical analysis of the local structure using Bond Orientational Order parameters and Voronoi partitioning, we establish (a) HCP$\rightarrow$BCC structural transformation in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) Nb$_x$(HfZrTi)$_y$ at 16% Nb-concentration, and (b) that the internal lattice distortions (ILDs) peak at the transition. We demonstrate that the relative stability of HCP and BCC structures is driven by energetics, while the overall stability is achieved with contribution from the vibrational entropy that exceeds the configurational entropy of mixing. We show that along with atomic size mismatch, low average number ($< $5) of valence electrons and disparity in the crystal structures of constituent elements are responsible for larger ILDs in Nb$_x$(HfZrTi)$_y$ than in HEAs like Nb$_a$Mo$_b$W$_c$Ta$_d$.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
The increase in symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood among Icelandic adolescents: time trend between 2006 and 2016
Creators: name: Thorisdottir, Ingibjorg E.
name: Asgeirsdottir, Bryndis Bjork
name: Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig
name: Allegrante, John P.
name: Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Teenagers
Teenagers--Mental health
Anxiety
Depression, Mental
Epidemiology

description: BACKGROUND: Both research and popular media reports suggest that adolescent mental health has been deteriorating across societies with advanced economies. This study sought to describe the trends in self-reported symptoms of depressed mood and anxiety among Icelandic adolescents. METHODS: Data for this study come from repeated, cross-sectional, population-based school surveys of 43 482 Icelandic adolescents in 9th and 10th grade, with six waves of pooled data from 2006 to 2016. We used analysis of variance, linear regression and binomial logistic regression to examine trends in symptom scores of anxiety and depressed mood over time. Gender differences in trends of high symptoms were also tested for interactions. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis showed a significant linear increase over the course of the study period in mean symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood for girls only; however, symptoms of anxiety among boys decreased. The proportion of adolescents reporting high depressive symptoms increased by 1.6% for boys and 6.8% for girls; the proportion of those reporting high anxiety symptoms increased by 1.3% for boys and 8.6% for girls. Over the study period, the odds for reporting high depressive symptoms and high anxiety symptoms were significantly higher for both genders. Girls were more likely to report high symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood than boys. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood have increased over time among Icelandic adolescents. Our findings suggest that future research needs to look beyond mean changes and examine the trends among those adolescents who report high symptoms of emotional distress.
Interventions to Support Behavioral Self-Management of Chronic Diseases
Creators: name: Allegrante, John P.
name: Wells, Martin T.
name: Peterson, Janey C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Chronic diseases
Disease management
Health behavior
Medical care--Utilization

description: A majority of the US adult population has one or more chronic conditions that require medical intervention and long-term self-management. Such conditions are among the 10 leading causes of mortality; an estimated 86% of the nation's $2.7 trillion in annual health care expenditures goes toward their treatment and management. Patient self-management of chronic diseases is increasingly essential to improve health behaviors, health outcomes, and quality of life and, in some cases, has demonstrated effectiveness for reducing health care utilization and the societal cost burden of chronic conditions. This review synthesizes the current state of the science of chronic disease self-management interventions and the evidence for their effectiveness, especially when applied with a systematic application of theories or models that account for a wide range of influences on behavior. Our analysis of selected outcomes from randomized controlled trials of chronic disease self-management interventions contained in 10 Cochrane systematic reviews provides additional evidence to demonstrate that self-management can improve quality of life and reduce utilization across several conditions.
Jitter Mechanism as a Kind of Coherent Radiation: Constrained by the GRB 221009A Emission at 18 TeV
Creators: name: Mao, Jirong
name: Wang, Jiancheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A at 18 TeV has been detected by the large high-altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO). We suggest jitter radiation as a possible explanation for the TeV emission for this energetic GRB. In our scenario, the radiation field is linked to the perturbation field, and the perturbation field is dominated by kinetic turbulence. Kinetic turbulence takes a vital role in both magnetic field generation and particle acceleration. The jitter radiation can reach the TeV energy band when we consider either electron cooling or Landau damping. We further suggest that the jitter radiation in the very high-energy band is coherent emission. Our modeling results can be constrained by the observational results of GRB 221009A in the TeV energy band. This radiation mechanism is expected to have wide applications in the high-energy astrophysical research field.
description: ApJ accepted
title: Επεξεργασία δεδομένων σεισμικής ανάκλασης στην θαλάσσια περιοχή δυτικά της Αιτωλοακαρνανίας
Creators: name: Λαϊος Ιωαννης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2017

description: Σκοπός αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η επεξεργασία πραγματικών δεδομένων σεισμικής ανάκλασης από την θαλάσσια περιοχή της Αιτωλοακαρνανίας, εφαρμόζοντας κάποιες από τις συμβατικές μεθόδους επεξεργασίας, και η γεωλογική ερμηνεία των αποτελεσμάτων.
Συγκεκριμένα η επεξεργασία επετεύχθη χρησιμοποιώντας κυρίως το λογισμικό crewes για την MATLAB ακολουθώντας τα εξής βήματα επεξεργασίας:
Εισαγωγή των δεδομένων SEG Y στο λογισμικό επεξεργασίας και έλεγχος επικεφαλίδων δεδομένων. Δημιουργία σχετικής γεωμετρίας διάταξης μέσω της τροποποίησης των επικεφαλίδων και δημιουργία νέου αρχείου δεδομένων. Μέσω της χρήσης της νέας σχετικής γεωμετρίας έγιναν απεικονίσεις διατάξεων κοινής πηγής και κοινού ενδιάμεσου σημείου. Εφαρμόστηκε φίλτρο αυτόματης διόρθωσης πλάτους στις παραπάνω απεικονίσεις. Πραγματοποιήθηκε αναδιάταξη των δεδομένων σε καταγραφές κοινής ισαπόστασης πηγών-καναλιών(Common Offset Gather). Δημιουργία τομής σεισμικής υπέρθεσης μετά από διόρθωση NMO υπό σταθερή ταχύτητα. Άθροιση των καταγραφών κοινού ενδιάμεσου σημείου για την ανάλυση ταχύτητας και παραγωγή διαγραμμάτων συνάφειας. Πραγματοποίηση ανάλυσης ταχύτητας. Δημιουργία μοντέλων τμηματικής και μέσης τετραγωνικής ταχύτητας μετά από παρεμβολή/παρέκταση των τιμών ταχυτήτων – χρόνων. Δυναμική διόρθωση NMO και δημιουργία νέας τομής σεισμικής υπέρθεσης, τομή σεισμικής χωροθέτησης με τις μεθόδους των πεπερασμένων διαφορών, του Kirchhoff και της χωροθέτησης στον χώρο των συχνοτήτων.
Τέλος ακολουθεί ερμηνεία και αντιπαράθεση της τομής σεισμικής χωροθέτησης κατά Kirchhoff με το μοντέλο των τμηματικών ταχυτήτων που κατασκευάστηκε, ερμηνεία της σεισμικής τομής και αντιπαράθεση της ερμηνείας με το μοντέλο ταχυτήτων.
Supercool exit: Gravitational waves from QCD-triggered conformal symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Sagunski, Laura
name: Schicho, Philipp
name: Schmitt, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classically conformal Standard Model extensions predict an intriguing thermal history of the early universe. In contrast to the common paradigm, the onset of the electroweak phase transition can be significantly delayed while the universe undergoes a period of thermal inflation. Then, a first-order chiral phase transition could not only trigger electroweak symmetry breaking but also initiate the exit from supercooling. To study the dynamics of this scenario, we focus on low-energy quark-based QCD effective models that exhibit a first-order transition. While a large amount of latent heat is naturally involved if thermal inflation ends, we find that a supercooling period prior to the QCD scale considerably enhances the timescale of the transition. This enhancement implies great observational prospects at future gravitational wave observatories. Our results are readily applicable to a wide class of scale-invariant SM extensions, as well as strongly coupled dark sectors.
description: 13 pages + appendix, 11 figures. v2: Minor revisions, results unchanged. Matches published version
Percolation of finite clusters and infinite surfaces
Creators: name: Grimmett, Geoffrey R.
name: Holroyd, Alexander E.
name: Kozma, Gady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82B43

description: Two related issues are explored for bond percolation on the d-dimensional cubic lattice (with d > 2) and its dual plaquette process. Firstly, for what values of the parameter p does the complement of the infinite open cluster possess an infinite component? The corresponding critical point p_fin satisfies p_fin >= p_c, and strict inequality is proved when either d is sufficiently large, or d >= 7 and the model is sufficiently spread out. It is not known whether d >= 3 suffices. Secondly, for what p does there exist an infinite dual surface of plaquettes? The associated critical point p_surf satisfies p_surf >= p_fin.
description: v2: Minor revisions. To appear in the Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
Advancing the Science of Behavioral Self-Management of Chronic Disease: The Arc of a Research Trajectory
Creators: name: Allegrante, John P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Chronic diseases
Health behavior
Patient education
Social cognitive theory
Economics--Psychological aspects

description: This article describes advances in the behavioral self-management of chronic disease from the perspective of a 25-year trajectory of National Institute of Health-funded research in arthritis and cardiopulmonary diseases that has sought to develop a transdisciplinary understanding of how applied behavioral science can be used to improve health behaviors, functional status, and health outcomes. The article traces the arc of a novel research program--conducted in collaboration with physician-scientists at Columbia, Weill Cornell Medical College, and New York University School of Medicine-that runs through social cognitive theory, behavioral economics, and the emerging science of positive psychology in an effort to develop promising new approaches to fostering the adoption and maintenance of health-related behavioral change. The article concludes with what has been learned and what the implications of the work are for advancing behavioral self-management and patient education to improve patient outcomes and achieve the compression of morbidity.
Gauge Invariance and Anomalies in Condensed Matter Physics
Creators: name: Fröhlich, Jürg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T50

description: This paper begins with a summary of a powerful formalism for the study of electronic states in condensed matter physics called "Gauge Theory of States/Phases of Matter." The chiral anomaly, which plays quite a prominent role in that formalism, is recalled. I then sketch an application of the chiral anomaly in 1+1 dimensions to quantum wires. Subsequently, some elements of the quantum Hall effect in two-dimensional (2D) gapped ("incompressible") electron liquids are reviewed. In particular, I discuss the role of anomalous chiral edge currents and of anomaly inflow in 2D gapped electron liquids with explicitly or spontaneously broken time reversal, i.e., in Hall- and Chern insulators. The topological Chern-Simons action yielding the transport equations valid in the bulk of such systems and the associated anomalous edge action are derived. The results of a general classification of "abelian" Hall insulators are outlined. After some remarks on induced Chern-Simons actions, I sketch results on certain 2D chiral photonic wave guides. I then continue with an analysis of chiral edge spin-currents and the bulk response equations in time-reversal invariant 2D topological insulators of electron gases with spin-orbit interactions. The "chiral magnetic effect" in 3D systems and axion-electrodynamics are reviewed next. This prepares the ground for an outline of a general theory of 3D topological insulators, including "axionic insulators". Some remarks on Weyl semi-metals, which exhibit the chiral magnetic effect, and on Mott transitions in 3D systems with dynamical axion-like degrees of freedom conclude this review.}
description: 4 figures, 42 pages; will appear in 'Journal of Mathematical Physics' (AIP publishing)
Das Kostüm der deutschen Renaissance 1480— 1530
Creators: name: Post, Paul
Publisher: name: Anzeiger des Germanischen Nationalmuseums
Year: 2017

description: (Erläuterungen zu den Abbildungen: Margarete Braun-Ronsdorf)
description: Anzeiger des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, 1954-1959: Anzeiger des Germanischen Nationalmuseums
Pythia 8 as hadronic interaction model in air shower simulations
Creators: name: Reininghaus, Maximilian
name: Sjöstrand, Torbjörn
name: Utheim, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadronic interaction models are a core ingredient of simulations of extensive air showers and pose the major source of uncertainties of predictions of air shower observables. Recently, Pythia~8, a hadronic interaction model popular in accelerator-based high-energy physics, became usable in air shower simulations as well. We have integrated Pythia~8 with its new capabilities into the air shower simulation framework CORSIKA~8. First results show significantly shallower shower development, which we attribute to higher cross-section predictions by the new simplified nuclear model of Pythia.
description: Proceedings of UHECR 2022
Additional file 1 of Rotation of the Philippine Sea plate inferred from paleomagnetism of oriented cores taken with an ROV-based coring apparatus
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Toshitsugu
name: Chiyonobu, Shun
name: Ishizuka, Osamu
name: Tajima, Fumisato
name: Uto, Naoki
name: Takagawa, Shinichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Occurrence of calcareous nannofossils in HD2092 cores and estimated ages. Fig. S1. Examples of stepwise thermal and alternating-field demagnetizations of samples from HD2092 Cores 3 and 4.
Decoding the Projective Transverse Field Ising Model
Creators: name: Roser, Felix
name: Büchler, Hans Peter
name: Lang, Nicolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The competition between non-commuting projective measurements in discrete quantum circuits can give rise to entanglement transitions. It separates a regime where initially stored quantum information survives the time evolution from a regime where the measurements destroy the quantum information. Here we study one such system - the projective transverse field Ising model - with a focus on its capabilities as a quantum error correction code. The idea is to interpret one type of measurement as an error and the other type as a syndrome measurement. We demonstrate that there is a finite threshold below which quantum information encoded in an initially entangled state can be retrieved reliably. In particular, we implement the maximum likelihood decoder to demonstrate that the error correction threshold is distinct from the entanglement transition. This implies that there is a finite regime where quantum information is protected by the projective dynamics, but cannot be retrieved by using syndrome measurements.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures