cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Asteroids and life: How special is the solar system?
Creators: name: Martin, Rebecca G.
name: Livio, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroid impacts with the Earth may have played an essential role in the emergence of life on Earth through their creation of favorable niches for life, changes to the atmosphere and delivery of water. Consequently, we suggest two potential requirements for life in an exoplanetary system: first, that the system has an asteroid belt, and second, that there is a mechanism to drive asteroids to impact the terrestrial habitable planet. Since in the solar system, the $ν_6$ secular resonance has been shown to have been important in driving these impacts, we explore how the masses and locations of two giant planets determine the location and strength of this secular resonance. Examining observed exoplanetary systems with two giant planets, we find that a secular resonance within the asteroid belt region may not be uncommon. Hence the solar system is somewhat special, but the degree of fine-tuning that may be necessary for the emergence of life is not excessive. Finally, with $n$-body simulations, we show that when the two giant planets are close to the 2:1 mean motion resonance, the asteroid belt is unstable but this does not lead to increased asteroid delivery.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
title: Dare to imagine
title: an exercise in recapturing the Past of the East
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Pacholak, Adam
Publisher: name: Instituto de História da Arte, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
Year: 2024

description: In the 1980s, author Milan Kundera challenged the notion that ‘Central Europe’ equates to ‘Eastern Europe’, arguing that such labels stem from political constructs. Larry Wolff’s Inventing Eastern Europe supports this, describing how Western Europeans viewed the East as backward. In this visual essay, I argue that the idea of ‘backward Eastern Europe’ persists still. The notion of an ‘inferior East’ distorts our view of historical periods such as those associated with the Polish People’s Republic. My research on Wrocław’s post‑war architecture brought unexpected revelations. For example, the modernist ZETO building revealed having advanced technology and high female employment, contradicting stereotypes of the ‘inferior East’. Inspired by the speculative fiction work of Amitav Ghosh and Ursula Le Guin, in this visual essay I employ imagination to re‑envision the past. This is achieved through an artistic exercise in which I merge photographs from my archival research on ZETO building with scenes from the popular TV series ‘Sex and the City’ to challenge ingrained perceptions and reveal hidden histories.
description: Pacholak, A. 2024. Dare to imagine - an exercise in recapturing the Past of the East. Revista de História da Arte. 18, 18 (Oct. 2024), 92–100. ISSN: 2182-3294
Bryozoan‐rich stromatolites (bryostromatolites) from the Silurian of Gotland and their relation to climate‐related perturbations of the global carbon cycle
Creators: name: Claussen, Anna Lene
name: Munnecke, Axel
name: Ernst, Andrej
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: Bryozoan–stromatolite associations (bryostromatolites) formed conspicuous reef structures throughout the Sheinwoodian (Wenlock) to Ludfordian (Ludlow) stratigraphy on Gotland but have not been described so far. They are mainly composed of encrusting bryozoans forming a complex intergrowth with porostromate and spongiostromate microbes and are different from the abundant stromatoporoid–coral–algal reefs with respect to their composition. In the bryostromatolite different growth stages can be identified. The observed succession can be taken as evidence for cyclic environmental changes during reef formation. Stenohaline reef‐dwelling organisms, such as echinoderms, sponges, corals and trilobites, indicate fully marine salinities. Ten localities exposing bryostromatolites were discovered. Individual bryostromatolites are small with few decimetres up to one metre in size, and occur solely in shallow marine areas. Common features of these reefs on Gotland are cauliflower‐like growth, a high bryozoan diversity, a high abundance of phosphatic fossils and components such as bryozoan pearls and inarticulate phosphatic brachiopods, enhanced bioerosion, Palaeomicrocodium crusts, vadose silt and gypsum pseudomorphs. The high abundance of Palaeomicrocodium, as well as the alternation with other crust‐forming contributors, suggest that it could have been formed directly at the palaeo‐sea surface, probably in times of minor but high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations. Vadose silt and pseudomorphs after gypsum in reef cavities indicate subaerial exposure shortly after reef growth. The high amount of phosphatic components indicates a high nutrient input, probably by dust. All bryostromatolites were formed in times of strongly elevated δ13C values. The unusual combination of sedimentological and palaeoecological features, as well as their occurrence exclusively during strong positive δ13C excursions, are evidence that the bryostromatolite development responded to climatic/oceanographic changes, which may have played an important role in reef control.
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
description: Schmauser Stiftung
Experimental evidence for a two-gap structure of superconducting NbSe_2: a specific heat study in external magnetic fields
Creators: name: Huang, C. L.
name: Lin, J. -Y.
name: Chang, Y. T.
name: Sun, C. P.
name: Shen, H. Y.
name: Chou, C. C.
name: Berger, H.
name: Lee, T. K.
name: Yang, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To resolve the discrepancies of the superconducting order parameter in quasi-two-dimensional NbSe_2, comprehensive specific-heat measurements have been carried out. By analyzing both the zero-field and mixed-state data with magnetic fields perpendicular to and parallel to the c axis of the crystal and using the two-gap model, we conclude that (1) more than one energy scale of the order parameter is required for superconducting NbSe_2 due to the thermodynamic consistency; (2)delta_L=1.26 meV and delta_S=0.73 meV are obtained; (3) N_S(0)/N(0)=11%~20%; (4) The observation of the kink in gamma(H) curve suggests that the two-gap scenario is more favorable than the anisotropic s-wave model to describe the gap structure of NbSe_2; and (5)delta_S is more isotropic and has a three-dimensional-like feature and is located either on the Se or the bonding Nb Fermi sheets.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Stochastic B-series and order conditions for exponential integrators
Creators: name: Arara, Alemayehu Adugna
name: Debrabant, Kristian
name: Kværnø, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C30

description: We discuss stochastic differential equations with a stiff linear part and their approximation by stochastic exponential integrators. Representing the exact and approximate solutions using B-series and rooted trees, we derive the order conditions for stochastic exponential integrators. The resulting general order theory covers both Itô and Stratonovich integration.
Donor regulatory T cells rapidly adapt to recipient tissues to control murine acute graft-versus-host disease
Creators: name: Dittmar, David Jonathan
name: Pielmeier, Franziska
name: Strieder, Nicholas
name: Fischer, Alexander
name: Herbst, Michael
name: Stanewsky, Hanna
name: Wenzl, Niklas
name: Röseler, Eveline
name: Eder, Rüdiger
name: Gebhard, Claudia
name: Schwarzfischer-Pfeilschifter, Lucia
name: Albrecht, Christian
name: Herr, Wolfgang
name: Edinger, Matthias
name: Hoffmann, Petra
name: Rehli, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: The adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells is a promising strategy to prevent graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Here, we use a major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mouse model to follow the fate of in vitro expanded donor regulatory T cells upon migration to target organs. Employing comprehensive gene expression and repertoire profiling, we show that they retain their suppressive function and plasticity after transfer. Upon entering non-lymphoid tissues, donor regulatory T cells acquire organ-specific gene expression profiles resembling tissue-resident cells and activate hallmark suppressive and cytotoxic pathways, most evidently in the colon, when co-transplanted with graft-versus-host disease-inducing conventional T cells. Dominant T cell receptor clonotypes overlap between organs and across recipients and their relative abundance correlates with protection efficacy. Thus, this study reveals donor regulatory T cell selection and adaptation mechanisms in target organs and highlights protective features of Treg to guide the development of improved graft-versus-host disease prevention strategies.
Microseismicity and Lava Flows Hint at Magmato‐Tectonic Processes Near the Southern Tip of the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center in the Lau Basin
Creators: name: Schmid, F.
name: Cremanns, M.
name: Augustin, N.
name: Lange, D.
name: Petersen, F.
name: Kopp, H.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: Spreading centers in the proximity of back‐rolling subduction zones constitute an ideal natural laboratory to investigate the interaction of magmatism and tectonism during the early evolution of back‐arc basins. Using 32 days of ocean bottom seismometer data, we located 697 micro‐earthquakes at the southern Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center (S‐FRSC). The majority of epicenters concentrate along the central region of the axial valley, marking the active ridge axis. Only odd events were associated with the prominent faults bounding the axial valley. About 450 events are spatially clustered around 17°42′S and their waveforms show a pronounced similarity. Most of these events are associated with a 138 h lasting earthquake swarm. The tectonic structure of the ridge axis in the S‐FRSC resembles a series of left‐stepping en echelon segments, expressed at the seafloor by numerous volcanic ridges. The recorded earthquake swarm is located at the stepover of two en echelon segments suggesting that the earthquake swarm is mainly tectonically driven. The events directly beneath our seismic network indicate a maximum depth of brittle faulting down to about 14 km below the seafloor. This is within the maximum depth range of brittle faulting at ultraslow mid‐ocean ridges. Since the thickness of the brittle lithosphere is mainly controlled by temperature, our results suggest a sub‐axial thermal structure similar to that of ultraslow mid‐ocean ridges of similar opening rates.
description: Key Points: Microseismicity is focused in the axial valley along the spreading axis and coincides with volcanic ridges and lava flows. An earthquake swarm is located at the stepover of two en echelon segments. The swarm is mainly controlled by tectonism. The brittle axial lithosphere is about 14 km thick, which is in agreement with mid‐ocean ridges of similar spreading rates.
description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
description: GEOMAR Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003153
Learning to Exploit the Prior Network Knowledge for Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Redondo-Cabrera, Carolina
name: Baptista-Ríos, Marcos
name: López-Sastre, Roberto J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for semantic segmentation typically requires to collect a large amount of accurate pixel-level annotations, a hard and expensive task. In contrast, simple image tags are easier to gather. With this paper we introduce a novel weakly-supervised semantic segmentation model able to learn from image labels, and just image labels. Our model uses the prior knowledge of a network trained for image recognition, employing these image annotations as an attention mechanism to identify semantic regions in the images. We then present a methodology that builds accurate class-specific segmentation masks from these regions, where neither external objectness nor saliency algorithms are required. We describe how to incorporate this mask generation strategy into a fully end-to-end trainable process where the network jointly learns to classify and segment images. Our experiments on PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset show that exploiting these generated class-specific masks in conjunction with our novel end-to-end learning process outperforms several recent weakly-supervised semantic segmentation methods that use image tags only, and even some models that leverage additional supervision or training data.
Heat Flow in Classical and Quantum Systems and Thermal Rectification
Creators: name: Casati, Giulio
name: Mejia-Monasterio, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding of the underlying dynamical mechanisms which determine the macroscopic laws of heat conduction is a long standing task of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. A better understanding of the mechanism of heat conduction may lead to potentially interesting applications based on the possibility to control the heat flow. Indeed, different models of thermal rectifiers has been recently proposed in which heat can flow preferentially in one direction. Although these models are far away from a prototype realization, the underlying mechanisms are of very general nature and, as such, are suitable of improvement and may eventually lead to real applications. We briefly discuss the problem of heat transport in classical and quantum systems and its relation to the chaoticity of the dynamics. We then study the phenomenon of thermal rectification and briefly discuss the different types of microscopic mechanisms that lead to the rectification of heat flow.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of CTNEXT07
HIPERPROLACTINEMIA - ESTUDO DE CASO
Creators: name: SOUVESTRE, ALAIN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones
subject: Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists/metabolism
subject: HORMONES

description: ESTUDO DE CASO HIPOGONADISMO SECUNDÁRIO À HIPERPROLACTINEMIA
Choice of Pedotransfer Functions Matters when Simulating Soil Water Balance Fluxes
Creators: name: Weihermüller, Lutz
name: Lehmann, Peter
name: Herbst, Michael
name: Rahmati, Mehdi
name: Verhoef, Anne
name: Or, Dani
name: Jacques, Diederick
name: Vereecken, Harry
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: Modeling of the land surface water‐, energy‐, and carbon balance provides insight into the behavior of the Earth System, under current and future conditions. Currently, there exists a substantial variability between model outputs, for a range of model types, whereby differences between model input parameters could be an important reason. For large‐scale land surface, hydrological, and crop models, soil hydraulic properties (SHP) are required as inputs, which are estimated from pedotransfer functions (PTFs). To analyze the functional sensitivity of widely used PTFs, the water fluxes for different scenarios using HYDRUS‐1D were simulated and predictions compared. The results showed that using different PTFs causes substantial variability in predicted fluxes. In addition, an in‐depth analysis of the soil SHPs and derived soil characteristics was performed to analyze why the SHPs estimated from the different PTFs cause the model to behave differently. The results obtained provide guidelines for the selection of PTFs in large scale models. The model performance in terms of numerical stability, time‐integrated behavior of cumulative fluxes, as well as instantaneous fluxes was evaluated, in order to compare the suitability of the PTFs. Based on this, the Rosetta, Wösten, and Tóth PTF seem to be the most robust PTFs for the Mualem van Genuchten SHPs and the PTF of Cosby for the Brooks Corey functions. Based on our findings, we strongly recommend to harmonize the PTFs used in model inter‐comparison studies to avoid artifacts originating from the choice of PTF rather from different model structures.
description: Plain Language Summary: Hydrological models need information about the soil physical characteristics (soil hydraulic parameters), which are in general not available if the models are applied at larger scales (region to global scale). Therefore, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are classically used, which relate easily available soil properties such as sand‐, silt‐, clay‐content, soil organic carbon content, and soil bulk density, which are available from soil maps, to the soil hydraulic parameters. Unfortunately, there are many different PTFs available in literature. In the study presented, we analyzed the impact of different PTFs on the simulation results of water fluxes and found, that the choice of PTF impacts the simulation results. Further, some PTFs were identified as being less robust compared to others. In general, the study shows that harmonizing PTFs in model‐inter‐comparisons is needed to avoid artifacts originating from the choice of PTF rather from different model structures.
description: Key Points: Using different PTFs in hydrological models causes substantial variability in predicted fluxes. We strongly recommend to harmonize the PTFs used in model inter‐comparison studies.
Boundary-value problems in cosmological dynamics
Creators: name: Nusser, Adi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of cosmological gravitating system is governed by the Euler and the Poisson equations. Tiny fluctuations near the big bang singularity are amplified by gravitational instability into the observed structure today. Given the current distribution of galaxies and assuming initial homogeneity, dynamical reconstruction methods have been developed to derive the cosmic density and velocity fields back in time. The reconstruction method described here is based a least action principle formulation of the dynamics of collisionless particle (representing galaxies). Two observational data sets will be considered. The first is the distribution of galaxies which is assumed to be an honest tracer of the mass density field of the dark matter. The second set is measurements of the peculiar velocities (deviations from pure Hubble flow) of galaxies. Given the first data set, the reconstruction method recovers the associated velocity field which can then be compared with the second data set. This comparison constrains the nature of the dark matter and the relation between mass and light in the Universe.
description: 4 pages,conference proceedings (Euler equations: 250 years later), eds; Uriel Frisch and Andrei Sobolevskii, to appear in Physica D
Measurements of $t\bar{t}$ differential cross-sections of highly boosted top quarks decaying to all-hadronic final states in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\,$ TeV using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements are made of differential cross-sections of highly boosted pair-produced top quarks as a function of top-quark and $t\bar{t}$ system kinematic observables using proton--proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$, recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Events with two large-radius jets in the final state, one with transverse momentum $p_{\rm T} > 500$ GeV and a second with $p_{\rm T}>350$ GeV, are used for the measurement. The top-quark candidates are separated from the multijet background using jet substructure information and association with a $b$-tagged jet. The measured spectra are corrected for detector effects to a particle-level fiducial phase space and a parton-level limited phase space, and are compared to several Monte Carlo simulations by means of calculated $χ^2$ values. The cross-section for $t\bar{t}$ production in the fiducial phase-space region is $292 \pm 7 \ \rm{(stat)} \pm 76 \rm{(syst)}$ fb, to be compared to the theoretical prediction of $384 \pm 36$ fb.
description: 57 pages in total, author list starting page 41, 18 figures, 5 tables, submitted to PRD. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2016-09/
Carbonates from the ancient world's longest aqueduct: A testament of Byzantine water management
Creators: name: Sürmelihindi, Gül
name: Passchier, Cees
name: Crow, James
name: Spötl, Christoph
name: Mertz‐Kraus, Regina
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: The fourth‐ and fifth‐century aqueduct system of Constantinople is, at 426 km, the longest water supply line of the ancient world. Carbonate deposits in the aqueduct system provide an archive of both archaeological developments and palaeo‐environmental conditions during the depositional period. The 246‐km‐long aqueduct line from the fourth century used springs from a small aquifer, whereas a 180‐km‐long fifth‐century extension to the west tapped a larger aquifer. Although historical records testify at least 700 years of aqueduct activity, carbonate deposits in the aqueduct system display less than 27 years of operation. This implies that the entire system must have been cleaned of carbonate, presumably during regular campaigns. A 50‐km‐long double‐aqueduct section in the central part of the system may have been a costly but practical solution to allow repairs and cleaning of the aqueducts of carbonate to ascertain a continuous water supply to the city. The fifth‐century channel was commonly contaminated with clay, caused by the nature of the aqueduct system and possible local damage to the channel. This clay‐rich water could have been one of the reasons for the construction of large reservoirs in Constantinople. image
description: Leverhulme Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
Semantic Similarity Measurement Using Historical Google Search Patterns
Creators: name: Gil, Jorge Martinez
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80604 Database Management
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80605 Decision Support and Group Support Systems
subject: 80105 Expert Systems
subject: 80606 Global Information Systems
subject: 80704 Information Retrieval and Web Search
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Information Systems

description: Computing the semantic similarity between terms (or short text expressions) that have the same meaning but which are not lexicographically similar is an important challenge in the information integration field. The problem is that techniques for textual semantic similarity measurement often fail to deal with words not covered by synonym dictionaries. In this paper, we try to solve this problem by determining the semantic similarity for terms using the knowledge inherent in the search history logs from the Google search engine. To do this, we have designed and evaluated four algorithmic methods for measuring the semantic similarity between terms using their associated history search patterns. These algorithmic methods are: a) frequent co-occurrence of terms in search patterns, b) computation of the relationship between search patterns, c) outlier coincidence on search patterns, and d) forecasting comparisons. We have shown experimentally that some of these methods correlate well with respect to human judgment when evaluating general purpose benchmark datasets, and significantly outperform existing methods when evaluating datasets containing terms that do not usually appear in dictionaries.
DAP4
Creators: name: Gallagher, James
name: Davis, Ethan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: This presentation was given at the 2014 OPeNDAP Developers Workshop that was held from 7-8 July 2014 in conjunction with the ESIP 2014 meeting in Frisco, CO. The intent of the workshop was to demonstrate and discuss diverse efforts related to the Data Access Protocol (DAP), with a special interest in how DAP and its applications were evolving.

Summary of this presentation: 

Representatives from OPeNDAP and Unidata discuss DAP4, which was developed to address flaws in DAP2 and advancements in related technologies like HDF5 and NetCDF4. The presentation defines DAP4  its specification, and releases of its servers and clients. DAP4's specification comprises two volumes covering the data model, web services, and extensions like CSV/Text and JSON responses. The data model introduces coverages, tabular data, projection, and filters. The web service is designed for simplicity and supports content negotiation and asynchronous responses. DAP4 emphasizes dataset metadata, data, and constraints. Despite budget cuts, the project is in good shape. Adoption use cases include subsetters, Giovanni for data exploration, MapServer for WMS services, NcML for aggregation, and netCDF-C for client applications, awaiting DAP4 support.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0244r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0244r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0244r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Critical behavior of interacting two-polymer system in a fractal solvent: an exact renormalization group approach
Creators: name: Zivic, Ivan
name: Elezovic-Hadzic, Suncica
name: Milosevic, Sava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the polymer system consisting of two polymer chains situated in a fractal container that belongs to the three--dimensional Sierpinski Gasket (3D SG) family of fractals. Each 3D SG fractal has four fractal impenetrable 2D surfaces, which are, in fact, 2D SG fractals. The two-polymer system is modelled by two interacting self-avoiding walks (SAWs), one of them representing a 3D floating polymer, while the other corresponds to a chain adhered to one of the four 2D SG boundaries. We assume that the studied system is immersed in a poor solvent inducing the intra-chain interactions. For the inter-chain interactions we propose two models: in the first model (ASAWs) the SAW chains are mutually avoiding, whereas in the second model (CSAWs) chains can cross each other. By applying an exact Renormalization Group (RG) method, we establish the relevant phase diagrams for $b=2,3$ and $b=4$ members of the 3D SG fractal family for the model with avoiding SAWs, and for $b=2$ and $b=3$ fractals for the model with crossing SAWs. Also, at the appropriate transition fixed points we calculate the contact critical exponents, associated with the number of contacts between monomers of different chains. Throughout the paper we compare results obtained for the two models and discuss the impact of the topology of the underlying lattices on emerging phase diagrams.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Deep Heat: Proxies, Miocene Ice, and an End in Sight for Paleoclimate Paradoxes?
Creators: name: Evans, David
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: The mid Miocene represents an important target for paleoclimatic study because the atmospheric CO2 concentration ranged from near modern values to ∼800 ppm, while a large, dynamic Antarctic ice sheet was likely to have been present throughout much of this interval. In this special issue, Modestou et al. (2020) (doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003927) reconstruct deep ocean warmth based on the clumped isotopic composition of benthic foraminifera, a technique that allows the ice volume and thermal components of the benthic oxygen isotope stack to be separated. These data reveal a very warm deep ocean while simultaneously suggesting that continental ice volume may, at times, have been greater than today. Here, I review these results in the context of recent developments in geochemical proxies and ice sheet modeling, and explore how the presence of a large Miocene ice sheet could be reconciled with CO2 at least as high as present. More broadly, I argue that many of the 'paradoxes' that pepper the paleoclimate literature result as much from our imperfect understanding of the proxies, as from our understanding of the climate system. Robust proxies with a well‐understood mechanistic basis, as employed by Modestou et al. (2020), as well as advances in model‐data comparability usher in a new era of palaeoclimate research; an exciting future of untangling Earth's myriad past climate states awaits.
description: Plain Language Summary: Reconstructing climate variation in Earth's geologic past informs us of the broad features of warm climates, which is relevant to preparing for climate change over the coming centuries. Moreover, these data can be compared to state‐of‐the‐art climate models, which provides a test of the degree to which our models can reproduce warm climate states. A paper recently published in this journal applies a new method in order to reconstruct the temperature of the deep ocean in the middle Miocene (between 17 and 12 million years ago), when the atmospheric CO2 concentration was naturally similar to or higher than it is today. Coupled with decades of previous study, these exciting results depict an unfamiliar world characterized by a warm deep ocean, and yet a large ice sheet was present on Antarctica. Both models and data agree that the Antarctic ice sheet in the Miocene was highly responsive to changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration, a clear cause of concern in the context of ongoing anthropogenic climate change.
description: Key Points: The importance of a paper by Modestou et al. (2020) is explained, which reports middle Miocene benthic foraminifera clumped isotope data. Ways in which a large Antarctic ice sheet can be reconciled with a warm deep ocean and moderately high CO2 are explored. More broadly, I argue that recent advances in proxy methodology are resulting in ever increasing confidence in paleoclimate reconstructions.
Using Synchronic and Diachronic Relations for Summarizing Multiple Documents Describing Evolving Events
Creators: name: Afantenos, Stergos D.
name: Karkaletsis, V.
name: Stamatopoulos, P.
name: Halatsis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present a fresh look at the problem of summarizing evolving events from multiple sources. After a discussion concerning the nature of evolving events we introduce a distinction between linearly and non-linearly evolving events. We present then a general methodology for the automatic creation of summaries from evolving events. At its heart lie the notions of Synchronic and Diachronic cross-document Relations (SDRs), whose aim is the identification of similarities and differences between sources, from a synchronical and diachronical perspective. SDRs do not connect documents or textual elements found therein, but structures one might call messages. Applying this methodology will yield a set of messages and relations, SDRs, connecting them, that is a graph which we call grid. We will show how such a grid can be considered as the starting point of a Natural Language Generation System. The methodology is evaluated in two case-studies, one for linearly evolving events (descriptions of football matches) and another one for non-linearly evolving events (terrorist incidents involving hostages). In both cases we evaluate the results produced by our computational systems.
description: 45 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Categorical relations between Langlands dual quantum affine algebras: Exceptional cases
Creators: name: Oh, Se-jin
name: Scrimshaw, Travis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37, 17B65, 05E10, 17B10

description: We first compute the denominator formulas for quantum affine algebras of all exceptional types. Then we prove the isomorphisms among Grothendieck rings of categories $C_Q^{(t)}$ $(t=1,2,3)$, $\mathscr{C}_{\mathscr{Q}}^{(1)}$ and $\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{Q}}^{(1)}$. These results give Dorey's rule for all exceptional affine types, prove the conjectures of Kashiwara-Kang-Kim and Kashiwara-Oh, and provides the partial answers of Frenkel-Hernandez on Langlands duality for finite dimensional representations of quantum affine algebras of exceptional types.
description: 67 pages, 1 figure; v2 incorporated changes from referee report; v3 incorporated an addendum that removes ambiguities
Enhanced van der Waals interaction at interfaces
Creators: name: Tomas, Marin-Slobodan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a recently obtained (general) formula for the interaction energy between an excited and a ground-state atom (Sherkunov Y 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 012705), we consider the interaction energy between two such atoms near the interface between two media. We demonstrate that under the circumstances of the resonant coupling of the excited atom to the surface polariton mode of a vacuum-medium system the nonretarded atom*-atom interaction energy can be enhanced by (several) orders of magnitude in comparison with the van der Waals interaction energy of the two isolated atoms.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, local-field corrections included and improved presentation
Horizon Europe UTTER First Ethics Review (V1.0)
Creators: name: Birch, Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of Amsterdam / Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences
Year: 2024
Subjects: Information and Computing Sciences
Technology
Language, Communication and Culture

description: UTTER - Unified Transcription and Translation for Extended Reality - is a collaborative Research and Innovation Project funded under Horizon Europe that aims to leverage large language models to build the next generation of multimodal extended reality (XR) technologies, translation, summarization, and minuting.UTTER's use-case prototypes will cover:A personal assistant for meetings that can improve communication in the online world.An advanced customer service assistant to support global market.
On A two-variable p-adic l_q function
Creators: name: Kim, Min-Soo
name: Kim, Taekyun
name: Son, Jin-Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B68

description: We prove that a two-variable p-adic l_q-function has the series p-adic expansion which interpolates a linear combinations of terms of the generalized q-Euler polynomials at non positive integers. The proof of this original construction is due to Kubota and Leopoldt in 1964, although the method given this note is due to Washington
description: 11S80
Improving crosshole ground‐penetrating radar full‐waveform inversion results by using progressively expanded bandwidths of the data
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhen
name: Klotzsche, Anja
name: Vereecken, Harry
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: In the last decade, time‐domain crosshole ground‐penetrating radar full‐waveform inversion has been applied to several different test sites and has improved the resolution and reconstruction of subsurface properties. The full‐waveform inversion requires several diligent executed pre‐processing steps to guarantee a successful inversion and to minimize the risk of being trapped in a local minimum. Thereby, one important aspect is the starting models of the full‐waveform inversion. Generally, adequate starting models need to fulfil the half‐wavelength criterion, which means that the modelled data based on the starting models need to be within half of the wavelength of the measured data in the entire investigation area. Ray‐based approaches can provide such starting models, but in the presence of high contrast layers, such results do not always fulfil this criterion and need to be improved and updated. Therefore, precise and detailed data processing and a good understanding of experimental ground‐penetrating radar data are necessary to avoid erroneous full‐waveform inversion results. Here, we introduce a new approach, which improves the starting model problem and is able to enhance the reconstruction of the subsurface medium properties. The new approach tames the non‐linearity issue caused by high contrast complex media, by applying bandpass filters with different passband ranges during the inversion to the modelled and measured ground‐penetrating radar data. Thereby, these bandpass filters are considered for a certain number of iterations and are progressively expanded to the selected maximum frequency bandwidth. The resulting permittivity full‐waveform inversion model is applied to update the effective source wavelet and is used as an updated starting model in the full‐waveform inversion with the full bandwidth data. This full‐waveform inversion is able to enhance the reconstruction of the permittivity and electrical conductivity results in contrast to the standard full‐waveform inversion results. The new approach has been applied and tested on two synthetic case studies and an experimental data set. The field data were additionally compared with cone penetration test data for validation.
Mesospheric Q2DW Interactions With Four Migrating Tides at 53°N Latitude: Zonal Wavenumber Identification Through Dual‐Station Approaches
Creators: name: He, Maosheng
name: Forbes, Jeffrey M.
name: Li, Guozhu
name: Jacobi, Christoph
name: Hoffmann, Peter
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: Mesospheric winds from two longitudinal sectors at 53°N latitude are combined to investigate quasi‐two‐day waves (Q2DWs) and their nonlinear interactions with tides. In a summer 2019 case study, we diagnose the zonal wavenumber m of spectral peaks at expected frequencies through two dual‐station approaches, a phase differencing technique (PDT) on individual spectral peaks and a least squares procedure on family batched peaks. Consistent results from the approaches verify the occurrences of Rossby‐gravity modes (m = 3 and 4 at periods T = 2.1 and 1.7 days), and their secondary waves (SWs) generated from interactions with diurnal, semi‐diurnal, ter‐diurnal, and quatra‐diurnal migrating tides. We further extend the PDT to 2012–2019, illustrating that Q2DWs exhibit significant interannual variability. Composite analysis reveals seasonal and altitude variations of the Rossby‐gravity modes and their SWs. The Rossby‐gravity modes maximize in local summer, whereas their 16‐ and 9.6‐h SWs appear more in winter.
description: Plain Language Summary: The quasi‐two‐day wave is the strongest and most widely studied planetary wave occurring in the mesosphere. Existing observational analyses are based on either single‐satellite or ‐station approaches, which suffer from temporal and spatial aliasing, respectively. The current study implements and develops dual‐station approaches to investigate the mesospheric quasi‐two‐day wave at 53°N latitude, in a case and a statistical study. Our approaches allow diagnosing both the frequency and zonal wavenumber. In the case study, we diagnosed two Rossby‐gravity modes and the secondary waves (SWs) of the nonlinear interactions between the Rossby‐gravity modes and the migrating tides at periods of 24, 12, 8, and 6 h. While the interactions with the 24‐ and 12‐h tides are expected, those with the 8‐ and 6‐h tides are reported for the first time. In the statistical study, we report the seasonality and altitude variation of the Rossby‐gravity modes and their most dominant SWs.
description: Key Points: Multi‐station approaches are developed and applied to diagnose zonal wavenumber m of near‐2‐day, ‐16‐h, ‐9.6‐h, and ‐6.9‐h spectral peaks. Diagnosed are Rossby‐gravity modes with m = 3 and 4, and their secondary waves from nonlinear interactions with 24‐, 12‐, 8‐, and 6‐h migrating tides. Seasonally, the most dominant near‐2‐day, ‐16‐h, ‐9.6‐h waves occur in summer, winter, and winter, respectively.
High-Mass X-ray Binaries and the Spiral Structure of the Host Galaxy
Creators: name: Shtykovskiy, P.
name: Gilfanov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the manifestation of the spiral structure in the distribution of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) over the host galaxy. We construct the simple kinematic model. It shows that the HMXBs should be displaced relative to the spiral structure observed in such traditional star formation rate indicators as the Halpha and FIR emissions because of their finite lifetimes. Using Chandra observations of M51, we have studied the distribution of X-ray sources relative to the spiral arms of this galaxy observed in Halpha. Based on K-band data and background source number counts, we have separated the contributions from high-mass and low-mass X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei. In agreement with model predictions, the distribution of HMXBs is wider than that of bright HII regions concentrated in the region of ongoing star formation. However, the statistical significance of this result is low, as is the significance of the concentration of the total population of X-ray sources to the spiral arms. We also predict the distribution of HMXBs in our Galaxy in Galactic longitude. The distribution depends on the mean HMXB age and can differ significantly from the distributions of such young objects as ultracompact HII regions.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures; Astronomy Letters, Vol. 33, No. 5, 2007, pp. 299-308
Interaction of the accretion flows in corona and disk near the black hole in AGN
Creators: name: Meyer-Hofmeister, E.
name: Liu, B. F.
name: Qiao, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion flows toward black holes can be of a quite different nature, described as an optically thick cool gas flow in a disk for high accretion rates or as a hot coronal optically thin gas flow for low accretion rates, possibly affected by outflowing gas. The detection of broad iron emission lines in active galactic nuclei (AGN) indicates the coexistence of corona and disk. The appearance and relative strength of such flows essentially depends on their interaction. Liu et al. suggested that condensation of gas from the corona to the disk allows to understand accretion flows of comparable strength of emission. Matter inflow due to gravitational capture of gas is important for the condensation process. We discuss observational features predicted by the model. Data from simultaneous observations of AGN with {\it {Swift's}} X-ray and UV-optical telescopes are compared with the theoretical predictions. The frequent detection of broad iron K$α$ emission lines and the dependence of the emitted spectra on the Eddington ratio, described by the values of the photon index $Γ$ and the two-point spectral index $α_{\rm{ox}}$ are in approximate agreement with the predictions of the condensation model; the latter, however, with a large scatter. The model further yields a coronal emission concentrated in a narrow inner region as is also deduced from the analysis of emissivity profiles. The accretion flows in bright AGN could be described by the accretion of stellar wind or interstellar medium and its condensation into a thin disk.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
New results concerning the pedo‐ and chronostratigraphy of the loess–palaeosol sequence Attenfeld (Bavaria, Germany) derived from a multi‐methodological approach
Creators: name: Krauss, Lydia
name: Klasen, Nicole
name: Schulte, Philipp
name: Lehmkuhl, Frank
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: Loess–palaeosol sequences (LPS) represent important records of palaeoenvironmental dynamics throughout the Quaternary. During the Pleistocene's dry and cold phases, the Danube's riverbed was one of the major sources for loess sediments that built up LPS in southern Germany and southeastern Europe. Surprisingly, studies addressing Bavarian LPS along the Danube River often lack actuality. The Attenfeld site was one of them and is often cited as a typical LPS. Nevertheless, the site's previous interpretations are based on a few empirical data and field observations. Considering the site's closeness to the sediment's source area, the Alps, and the region's importance in Middle and Upper Palaeolithic migrational movements, those former renditions needed an evaluation. Therefore, we applied a multi‐proxy approach (including analyses of grain‐size distribution, element composition, and sediment colour attributes) combined with optically stimulated luminescence. Based on our findings, we conclude that the Attenfeld site's former interpretations might be too generalised. We identified units that were not mentioned by previous studies (e.g. Early Glacial dark greyish horizon). Field observations, sediment characteristics, and age estimates indicate sediment deposition of the dated units partly before MIS 4, which contrasts with previous interpretations. The results further demonstrate how sensitive LPS are to environmental settings and dynamics.
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659