cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Incommensurate Spin Density Wave versus local magnetic inhomogeneities in Ba(Fe1-xNix)2As2: a 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy study
Creators: name: Olariu, A.
name: Bonville, P.
name: Rullier-Albenque, F.
name: Colson, D.
name: Forget, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 57Fe Mossbauer spectral results in pure and doped Ba(Fe1-xNix)2As2 with x=0.01 and 0.03. We show that all these materials present a first-order magnetic transition towards a magnetically ordered state. In the doped compounds, a broad distribution of Fe hyperfine fields is present in the magnetic phase. We successfully fit the Mossbauer data in Ba(Fe1-xNix)2As2 in the framework of two different models: 1) an incommensurate spin density wave; 2) a dopant-induced perturbation of the Fe polarization, recently proposed to interpret 75As NMR data in Ba(Fe1-xNix)2As2, which is valid only in the very dilute limit x=0.01. Moreover, we show here that these NMR data can also be successfully analysed in terms of the 'incommensurate model' for all doping contents by using the parameters obtained from the Mossbauer spectral analysis. Therefore it is not possible to rule out the presence of an incommensurate spin density wave on the basis of the 75As NMR data.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
HKT Geometry and Fake Five Dimensional Supergravity
Creators: name: Gutowski, Jan B.
name: Sabra, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results on the relation between hyper-Kahler geometry with torsion and solutions admitting Killing spinors in minimal de sitter supergravity are extended to more general supergravity models with vector multiplets.
description: 14 pages, latex. Minor typos corrected, references added
Species and genetic diversity patterns show different responses to land use intensity in central European grasslands
Creators: name: Reisch, Christoph
name: Hartig, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: dry grassland, genetic diversity, grazing, hay meadow, land use, mowing, species diversity, species genetic diversity correlation
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Aim: Empirical studies have often reported parallel patterns of genetic and species diversity, but the strength and generality of this association, as well as its origin, are still debated. Particularly in human‐dominated landscapes with complex histories of land use histories, more complicated and partly diverging patterns have been observed. In this study, we examine whether species and genetic diversity correlate across grasslands with different levels of land use pressure and spatial differentiation in habitat quality and heterogeneity. Location: We selected eight extensively used (grazed, unfertilized) dry grasslands and eight intensively used (mown, fertilized) hay meadows in southeastern Germany. Methods: We used vegetation surveys and molecular markers of six widespread dry grassland and six hay meadow plant species to compare species and genetic alpha and beta diversity between the two grassland types. Results: Species diversity patterns expectedly showed higher alpha diversity, stronger spatial structure and less turnover in dry grasslands than in hay meadows. Neither of the corresponding genetic diversity patterns showed the same significant trends. Main conclusion: Our results question the idea that species and genetic diversity patterns will always show similar patterns. Likely, genetic and species diversity emerge partly from shared, partly from different processes, including the regional species pool, environmental heterogeneity, fragmentation and land use history. The practical conservation implication is that species and genetic diversity are not generally interchangeable. Looking at species and genetic patterns together, however, may eventually lead to a better understanding of the complex processes that shape the structure and dynamics of ecological communities.
Understanding AI Education: The theoretical perspectives in Moroccan University Environment
Creators: name: OUISSALE EL GHARBAOUI
name: HAYAT EL BOUKHARI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A common decision for all kinds of universities should be to address the issues posed by the new industrial revolution, strengthen the bonds between industry 4.0 and universities, integrate ICTs into the curriculum, and improve their capacity to serve society through both internal and external synergies. Any advanced economy's progress is significantly influenced by the university. The rapid technical advances of the modern era involve new disruptive processes in the era of globalization and knowledge. To effectively meet the demands and overcome the obstacles of a dynamic environment, it is imperative that we adjust to the ongoing digital revolution.
This article offers a precise and well-articulated perspective on the crucial role of universities in the era of Industry 4.0 and the digital revolution. It highlights the pressing need for academic institutions to integrate information and communication
technologies (ICT) into their educational programs, as well as strengthen their ties with industry to better serve society. The analysis convincingly highlights the importance of
contemporary technological advances such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, and recommends their integration into the Moroccan university system to improve its efficiency and relevance in a rapidly changing world.
Controlling fast electron beam divergence using two laser pulses
Creators: name: Scott, R. H. H.
name: Beaucourt, C.
name: Schlenvoigt, H. -P.
name: Markey, K.
name: Lancaster, K. L.
name: Ridgers, C. P.
name: Brenner, C. M.
name: Pasley, J.
name: Gray, R. J.
name: Musgrave, I. O.
name: Robinson, A. P. L
name: Li, K.
name: Notley, M. M.
name: Davies, J. R.
name: Baton, S. D.
name: Santos, J. J.
name: Feugeas, J. -L.
name: Nicolaï, Ph.
name: Malka, G.
name: Tikhonchuk, V. T.
name: McKenna, P.
name: Neely, D.
name: Rose, S. J.
name: Norreys, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the first experimental demonstration of the guiding of a relativistic electron beam in a solid target using two co-linear, relativistically intense, picosecond laser pulses. The first pulse creates a magnetic field which guides the higher current fast electron beam generated by the second pulse. The effects of intensity ratio, delay, total energy and intrinsic pre-pulse are examined. Thermal and Kα imaging showed reduced emission size, increased peak emission and increased total emission at delays of 4 - 6 ps, an intensity ratio of 10 : 1 (second:first) and a total energy of 186 J. In comparison to a single, high contrast shot, the inferred fast electron divergence is reduced by 2.7 times, while the fast electron current density is increased by a factor of 1.8. The enhancements are reproduced with modelling and are shown to be due to the self-generation of magnetic fields. Such a scheme could be of considerable benefit to fast ignition inertial fusion.
AllCoPol: inferring allele co-ancestry in polyploids
Creators: name: Lautenschlager, Ulrich
name: Wagner, Florian
name: Oberprieler, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Coalescent theory, Gene tree, Multilocus sequence data, Polyploidy, Python, Reticulate evolution, Simulations, Species tree
subject: 580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Background Inferring phylogenetic relationships of polyploid species and their diploid ancestors (leading to reticulate phylogenies in the case of an allopolyploid origin) based on multi-locus sequence data is complicated by the unknown assignment of alleles found in polyploids to diploid subgenomes. A parsimony-based approach to this problem has been proposed by Oberprieler et al. (Methods Ecol Evol 8:835–849, 2017), however, its implementation is of limited practical value. In addition to previously identified shortcomings, it has been found that in some cases, the obtained results barely satisfy the applied criterion. To be of better use to other researchers, a reimplementation with methodological refinement appears to be indispensable. Results We present the AllCoPol package, which provides a heuristic method for assigning alleles from polyploids to diploid subgenomes based on the Minimizing Deep Coalescences (MDC) criterion in multi-locus sequence datasets. An additional consensus approach further allows to assess the confidence of phylogenetic reconstructions. Simulations of tetra- and hexaploids show that under simplifying assumptions such as completely disomic inheritance, the topological errors of reconstructed phylogenies are similar to those of MDC species trees based on the true allele partition. Conclusions AllCoPol is a Python package for phylogenetic reconstructions of polyploids offering enhanced functionality as well as improved usability. The included methods are supplied as command line tools without the need for prior programming knowledge.
Hand(y) hygiene insights: Applying three theoretical models to investigate hospital patients’ and visitors’ hand hygiene behavior
Creators: name: Gaube, Susanne
name: Fischer, Peter
name: Lermer, Eva
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Background Improving hand hygiene in hospitals is the most efficient method to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The hand hygiene behavior of hospital patients and visitors is not well-researched, although they pose a risk for the transmission of pathogens. Therefore, the present study had three aims: (1) Finding a suitable theoretical model to explain patients’ and visitors’ hand hygiene practice; (2) Identifying important predictors for their hand hygiene behavior; and (3) Comparing the essential determinants of hand hygiene behavior between healthcare professionals from the literature to our non-professional sample. Methods In total N = 1,605 patients and visitors were surveyed on their hand hygiene practice in hospitals. The employed questionnaires were based on three theoretical models: a) the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB); b) the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA); and c) the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. To compare our results to the determinants of healthcare workers’ hand hygiene behavior, we searched for studies that used one of the three theoretical models. Results Among patients, 52% of the variance in the hand hygiene behavior was accounted for by the TDF domains, 44% by a modified HAPA model, and 40% by the TPB factors. Among visitors, these figures were 59%, 37%, and 55%, respectively. Two clusters of variables surfaced as being essential determinants of behavior: self-regulatory processes and social influence processes. The critical determinants for healthcare professionals’ hand hygiene reported in the literature were similar to the findings from our non-professional sample. Conclusions The TDF was identified as the most suitable model to explain patients’ and visitors’ hand hygiene practices. Patients and visitors should be included in existing behavior change intervention strategies. Newly planned interventions should focus on targeting self-regulatory and social influence processes to improve effectiveness.
Impatti lunari: frequenze e monitoraggio
Creators: name: Sigismondi, Costantino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lunar impacts have been continuously registered by lunar seismographs from 1969 to 1978, and recently they have been also monitored by a NASA project after several observational campaigns steered by IOTA. Video and naked eye observations, with UTC synchronization, can help to identify impact candidates.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the 42nd UAI congress, Padova, Italy, 24-27 September 2009. To appear in Astronomia UAI 2011
Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Lawrence County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Carey, Daniel I.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2007

description: Abstract:
This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.
AI-Powered writing tools and their impact on the Humanities
Creators: name: Singh, Rana Abhyendra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Artificial intelligence, Technology, Humanities, Writers

description: For a number of reasons, it is now obvious that recent developments in AI writing tools have had a considerable effect on the humanities. These instruments provide a variety of benefits, including increased production and efficiency. They also raise issues like those related to the validity and originality of human expression, as well as the loss of human employment and talents. In contrast, AI writing tools have advanced significantly over time, having both positive and negative effects on the humanities. While these technologies have made writing easier and raised the quality of authors’ work, it is essential to make sure that they are utilized sensibly and morally. Technology development and human engagement in the creative process should be in harmony in order to attain this balance. It is crucial to keep a close eye on how AI is affecting the humanities and to put policies in place to make sure that its application complies with moral and social norms.
description: {"references": ["Harari, Y. N. (2018). 21 Lessons for the 21st Century. New York: Spiegel & Grau.", "Weber, M. (2009). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.", "Marx, K. (1978). Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. Moscow: Progress Publishers.", "Durkheim E. (1933). The Division of Labour in Society. 1893 George Simpson, Trans. New York: Macmillan."]}
Open Science, perché?
Creators: name: Giglia, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Horizon Europe, Open Science

description: Intervento alla tavola rotonda Università di Macerata, 29/09/2021 Perché serve la Open Science? Cosa ci ha insegnato il COVID? La pandemia ha messo in luce le storture del sistema attuale (tempi lunghi di pubblicazione, niente dati, valutazione che premia la competizione invece della collaborazione...) e ha dimostrato come solo condividendo dati e risultati si possono fare progressi.
PopDel identifies medium-size deletions simultaneously in tens of thousands of genomes
Creators: name: Niehus, Sebastian
name: Jónsson, Hákon
name: Schönberger, Janina
name: Björnsson, Eythór
name: Beyter, Doruk
name: Eggertsson, Hannes P.
name: Sulem, Patrick
name: Stefánsson, Kári
name: Halldórsson, Bjarni V.
name: Kehr, Birte
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Thousands of genomic structural variants (SVs) segregate in the human population and can impact phenotypic traits and diseases. Their identification in whole-genome sequence data of large cohorts is a major computational challenge. Most current approaches identify SVs in single genomes and afterwards merge the identified variants into a joint call set across many genomes. We describe the approach PopDel, which directly identifies deletions of about 500 to at least 10,000 bp in length in data of many genomes jointly, eliminating the need for subsequent variant merging. PopDel scales to tens of thousands of genomes as we demonstrate in evaluations on up to 49,962 genomes. We show that PopDel reliably reports common, rare and de novo deletions. On genomes with available high-confidence reference call sets PopDel shows excellent recall and precision. Genotype inheritance patterns in up to 6794 trios indicate that genotypes predicted by PopDel are more reliable than those of previous SV callers. Furthermore, PopDel’s running time is competitive with the fastest tested previous tools. The demonstrated scalability and accuracy of PopDel enables routine scans for deletions in large-scale sequencing studies.
Reducing compensatory movements in stroke therapy through the use of robotic devices and augmented feedback
Creators: name: Valdes Benavides, Bulmaro Adolfo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Compensatory movements are commonly employed by stroke survivors to adapt to the loss of motor function. However, their long-term use can be detrimental to post-stroke recovery of function. In this work, we focused on trunk displacement, which is a compensatory movement that stroke survivors use when reaching forward. Current therapeutic practices to reduce this tendency rely on the use of physical restraints to secure a person to a chair. An alternate approach to reduce compensation is the use of active technology that delivers augmented feedback about trunk movement. Using this methodology provides several advantages over physical restraints, such as: the person is actively involved in the planning and executing of the movement rather than relying on a physical barrier that continuously prevents trunk movement; the feedback intensity, frequency, and thresholds can easily be modified in real time; the system is less intrusive as it does not require the person to be strapped or secured to a chair by someone else; it can be used safely without direct supervision; the trunk compensation feedback can be used as a variable inside a motivating video game scenario. This dissertation is comprised of three studies to investigate: the extent of stroke survivors’ trunk displacement when reaching forward to targets at different heights (Study 1), the use of visual and force feedback (Study 2), and the importance of including game scores (Study 3) to reduce trunk compensation. The results from these studies suggest that target height influences the degree of trunk compensation of hemiparetic participants. In addition, the use of visual and force feedback to cue participants about their level of trunk compensation can lead to a reduction of this movement. Similarly, the use of game scores resulted in a reduction of trunk compensation. No feedback modality or combination was superior to another for reducing trunk displacement. The findings from this work suggest that the use of augmented feedback is a viable approach to reduce trunk compensation in hemiparetic stroke survivors. These ideas should be tested in long-term interventions before we can make a final recommendation to the rehabilitation community.
Acetone application for administration of bioactive substances has no negative effects on longevity, fitness, and sexual communication in a parasitic wasp
Creators: name: Jatsch, Anne-Sophie
name: Ruther, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Administration of defined amounts of bioactive substances is a perseverative problem in physiological studies on insects. Apart from feeding and injection, topical application of solutions of the chemicals is most commonly used for this purpose. The solvents used should be non-toxic and have least possible effects on the studied parameters. Acetone is widely used for administration of chemical substances to insects, but possible side-effects of acetone application on fitness and behavioral parameters have been rarely investigated. Here we study the effects of acetone application (207 nl) on fitness and sexual communication in the parasitic wasp Nasonia giraulti Darling. Application of acetone had neither negative effects on longevity nor on offspring number and offspring sex ratio of treated wasps. Treatment of females hampered courtship and mating of N. giraulti couples neither directly after application nor one day after. Male sex pheromone titers were not influenced by acetone treatment. Three application examples demonstrate that topical acetone application is capable of bringing active amounts of insect hormones, neuromodulators, and biosynthetic precursors even in tiny insects. We advocate the use of acetone as a convenient, conservative, and broadly applicable vehicle for studying the effects of bioactive substances in insects.
INGLIZ TILI GLOBAL ILMIY TIL SIFATIDA
Creators: name: Qochqorova, Zulfizar
name: Xaydaraliyeva, Dilnoza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: So‘nggi yillarda ingliz tilining ilmiy va akademik dunyodagi ahamiyati juda oshdi. Ingliz tili global tadqiqotlarning lingua franca (umumiy tili) sifatida xalqaro hamkorlikni osonlashtiradi, bilimlarga kirishni kengaytiradi va ilmiy ishlarning tarqalishini qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi. Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilining ilmiy va akademik til sifatida rivojlanishi, ilmiy muloqotdagi roli va notanish tilni ishlatadigan tadqiqotchilar duch keladigan muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Ingliz tilining akademik dunyodagi ahamiyatini tushunish ilmiy, ta'lim va tadqiqot sohalaridagi mutaxassislar uchun muhimdir.
Root Fernando-Kac subalgebras of finite type
Creators: name: Milev, Todor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B10, 17B22, 17B25

description: Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra and $M$ be a $\mathfrak{g}$-module. The Fernando-Kac subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ associated to $M$ is the subset $\mathfrak{g}[M]\subset\mathfrak{g}$ of all elements $g\in\mathfrak{g}$ which act locally finitely on $M$. A subalgebra $\mathfrak{l}\subset\mathfrak{g}$ for which there exists an irreducible module $M$ with $\mathfrak{g}[M]=\mathfrak{l}$ is called a Fernando-Kac subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$. A Fernando-Kac subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ is of finite type if in addition $M$ can be chosen to have finite Jordan-Hölder $\mathfrak{l}$-multiplicities. Under the assumption that $\mathfrak{g}$ is simple, I. Penkov has conjectured an explicit combinatorial criterion describing all Fernando-Kac subalgebras of finite type which contain a Cartan subalgebra. In the present paper we prove this conjecture for $\mathfrak{g}\neq E_8$.
Ultrafast Charge Separation in Bilayer WS2/Graphene Heterostructure Revealed by Time- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Krause, Razvan
name: Chávez-Cervantes, Mariana
name: Aeschlimann, Sven
name: Forti, Stiven
name: Fabbri, Filippo
name: Rossi, Antonio
name: Coletti, Camilla
name: Cacho, Cephise
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Majchrzak, Paulina Ewa
name: Chapman, Richard T.
name: Springate, Emma
name: Gierz, Isabella
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: TMD, graphene, van der Waals heterostructures, tr-ARPES, ultrafast charge transfer, photovoltaics
subject: 530 Physik

description: Efficient light harvesting devices need to combine strong absorption in the visible spectral range with efficient ultrafast charge separation. These features commonly occur in novel ultimately thin van der Waals heterostructures with type II band alignment. Recently, ultrafast charge separation was also observed in monolayer WS2/graphene heterostructures with type I band alignment. Here we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to show that ultrafast charge separation also occurs at the interface between bilayer WS2 and graphene indicating that the indirect band gap of bilayer WS2 does not affect the charge transfer to the graphene layer. The microscopic insights gained in the present study will turn out to be useful for the design of novel optoelectronic devices.
Sex ratio and sex-biased mortality in the smolt migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) through the Clyde Marine Region, Scotland
Creators: name: Phillips, Maxine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)
Freshwater ecology
Population ecology
Ecology not elsewhere classified
Vertebrate biology
Animal behaviour
Global change biology
Life histories
Developmental genetics (incl. sex determination)
Genetics not elsewhere classified

description: There is a current lack of information on sex-biased mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in their marine migration in the Clyde Marine Region in Scotland. DNA extraction on adipose fin clips and PCR amplification of the male-specific sdY was used to determine sex. This study investigated the sex ratio of Atlantic salmon along their downstream migration, in particular through Loch Lomond and the Clyde Estuary. The benefit of migration is thought to be higher in female salmon because their reproductive success is linearly correlated to their body size. Female salmonids only have one reproductive strategy, unlike males. Male salmon have evolved tactics that allow different-sized individuals to gain access to females. They can sexually mature in freshwater, avoid the high mortality associated with marine migration and employ a sneaker mating strategy. This sex-specific trade-off between reproduction and survival results in a greater frequency of anadromy in female salmonid. This study observed a higher frequency of female smolts adopting the anadromous lifestyle, further supporting previous studies. Additionally, female smolts are thought to invest more energy into smoltification and are therefore better adapted for migration. However, here, a trend towards a higher survival rate of males navigating through a lake was found (82% male and 50% female survival). Furthermore, male smolts were found to be more successful migrants through the estuarine zone (100% male and 46% female survival). Knowledge of sex ratios and the resulting trajectory of growth may benefit in predicting future population densities and sizes. These novel findings hopefully provide baseline information for conservation and management strategies of Atlantic salmon populations in the Clyde Marine Region, West Scotland.
 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.22710544
Tricritical Ising edge modes in a Majorana-Ising ladder
Creators: name: Li, Chengshu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: While Majorana fermions remain at large as fundamental particles, they emerge in condensed matter systems with peculiar properties. Grover et al. proposed a Majorana-Ising chain model, or the GSV model, where the system undergoes a tricritical Ising transition by tuning just one parameter. In this work, we generalize this model to a ladder with inter-chain Majorana couplings. From a mean field analysis, we argue that the tricritical Ising transition will also occur with inter-chain couplings that allow the system to be gapless in the non-interacting case. More crucially, based on analysis of the interacting chain model and the non-interacting ladder model, we expect the tricritical Ising modes to appear on the edges, a feature that might persist when going to 2d. We carry out extensive DMRG calculations to verify the theory in the ladder model. Finally, we discuss possible numerical probes of a 2d model.
Adiabatic theorems for generators of contracting evolutions
Creators: name: Avron, J. E.
name: Fraas, M.
name: Graf, G. M.
name: Grech, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an adiabatic theory for generators of contracting evolution on Banach spaces. This provides a uniform framework for a host of adiabatic theorems ranging from unitary quantum evolutions through quantum evolutions of open systems generated by Lindbladians all the way to classically driven stochastic systems. In all these cases the adiabatic evolution approximates, to lowest order, the natural notion of parallel transport in the manifold of instantaneous stationary states. The dynamics in the manifold of instantaneous stationary states and transversal to it have distinct characteristics: The former is irreversible and the latter is transient in a sense that we explain. Both the gapped and gapless cases are considered. Some applications are discussed.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures, replaced by the version accepted for publication in CMP
The application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU by the German Federal Constitutional Court with references to the other federal courts
Creators: name: Cerny, Lukas
name: Arnold, Rainer
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: constitutional identity; application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU; primacy of supranational law; human dignity; intangibility clause; fundamental State structures
subject: 340 Recht

description: The German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) applies the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (ChFR) if German law is “determined” by EU law. The interpretation of article 51.1 ChFR which regulates the applicability of the ChFR is narrower than that of the Court of Justice of the EU. The FCC which has recognized, with some reservations, the primacy of supranational over national constitutional law maintains its concept of constitutional identity defined according to the intangibility clause of article 79.3 Basic Law (BL). If human dignity (article 1 BL and the fundamental State structures as enumerated by article 20 BL) are concerned, the FCC does not apply the ChFR regardless of article 51.1FCh but the identity concept. Overall, the references of the FCC to the ChFR are relatively scarce.
Fine Motor Skills and Lexical Processing in Children and Adults
Creators: name: Winter, Rebecca E.
name: Stoeger, Heidrun
name: Suggate, Sebastian P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021

description: Children’s fine motor skills (FMS) link to cognitive development, however, research on their involvement in language processing, also with adults, is scarce. Lexical items are processed differently depending on the degree of sensorimotor information inherent in the words’ meanings, such as whether these imply a body-object interaction (BOI) or a body-part association (i.e., hand, arm, mouth, foot). Accordingly, three studies examined whether lexical processing was affected by FMS, BOIness, and body-part associations in children (study 1, n = 77) and adults (study 2, n = 80; study 3, n = 71). Analyses showed a differential link between FMS and lexical processing as a function of age. Whereas response latencies indicated that children’s FMS were associated with “hand” words, adults’ FMS linked to the broader concept of BOI. Findings have implications for shared activation theories positing that FMS support lexical processing.
Implementing A CLEWs Model for Smart and Green Growth in Kenya
Creators: name: Alunda, Benard O.
name: Dickson M. Wachira
name: Jumba, Constance K.
name: Mwango, Geoffrey B.
name: Ronnice Chepkoech
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CLEWs modeling
Smart and green growth
NDCs
OSeMOSYS
Climate change

description: Kenya is currently experiencing several challenges owing to its growing population, including outstretched resources, environmental degradation, and urban pollution. To achieve sustainable, smart and green growth which comprises a secure water-energy-food (WEF) nexus, efficient and renewable energy uptake, and low emissions per capita, Kenya could adopt a Climate, Land, Energy and Water systems (CLEWs) model that examines the interconnections and interactions between these key critical resources. This study uses OSeMOSYS software to explore three (3) scenarios: business as usual (BAU), green energy transition (GET), and increasing forest cover (IFC). The analysis shows that capital investment in renewables is key to achieving a green energy transition. We recommend adopting a data-driven integrated decision support model (CLEWs) to inform policy development based on these scenarios. Our policy insights suggest adopting renewable and decentralized energy solutions, promoting sustainable agriculture, afforestation, and agroforestry, and greening transport and infrastructure development to minimize emissions. The poster summarizes the project developed as part of EMP-A 2023.
Conserved strategies of RNA polymerase I hibernation and activation
Creators: name: Heiss, Florian B.
name: Daiß, Julia L.
name: Becker, Philipp
name: Engel, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: RNA polymerase (Pol) I transcribes the ribosomal RNA precursor in all eukaryotes. The mechanisms ‘activation by cleft contraction’ and ‘hibernation by dimerization’ are unique to the regulation of this enzyme, but structure-function analysis is limited to baker’s yeast. To understand whether regulation by such strategies is specific to this model organism or conserved among species, we solve three cryo-EM structures of Pol I from Schizosaccharomyces pombe in different functional states. Comparative analysis of structural models derived from high-resolution reconstructions shows that activation is accomplished by a conserved contraction of the active center cleft. In contrast to current beliefs, we find that dimerization of the S. pombe polymerase is also possible. This dimerization is achieved independent of the ‘connector’ domain but relies on two previously undescribed interfaces. Our analyses highlight the divergent nature of Pol I transcription systems from their counterparts and suggest conservation of regulatory mechanisms among organisms.
Dynamical Dark Matter: I. Theoretical Overview
Creators: name: Dienes, Keith R.
name: Thomas, Brooks
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a new framework for dark-matter physics. Rather than focus on one or more stable dark-matter particles, we instead consider a multi-component framework in which the dark matter of the universe comprises a vast ensemble of interacting fields with a variety of different masses, mixings, and abundances. Moreover, rather than impose stability for each field individually, we ensure the phenomenological viability of such a scenario by requiring that those states with larger masses and Standard-Model decay widths have correspondingly smaller relic abundances, and vice versa. In other words, dark-matter stability is not an absolute requirement in such a framework, but is balanced against abundance. This leads to a highly dynamical scenario in which cosmological quantities such as Omega_{CDM} experience non-trivial time-dependences beyond those associated with the expansion of the universe. Although it may seem difficult to arrange an ensemble of states which have the required decay widths and relic abundances, we present one particular example in which this balancing act occurs naturally: an infinite tower of Kaluza-Klein (KK) states living in the bulk of large extra spacetime dimensions. Remarkably, this remains true even if the stability of the KK tower itself is entirely unprotected. Thus theories with large extra dimensions --- and by extension, certain limits of string theory --- naturally give rise to dynamical dark matter. Such scenarios also generically give rise to a rich set of collider and astrophysical phenomena which transcend those usually associated with dark matter.
description: 31 pages, LaTeX, 8 figures, 1 table. Replaced to match published version
Sesquiterpenes from Myrrh and Their ICAM-1 Inhibitory Activity In Vitro
Creators: name: Kuck, Katrin
name: Jürgenliemk, Guido
name: Lipowicz, Bartosz
name: Heilmann, Jörg
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: myrrh; Commiphora; ICAM-1; sesquiterpenes; seco-sesquiterpenoides
subject: 615 Pharmazie

description: By using various chromatographic steps (silica flash, CPC, preparative HPLC), 16 sesquiterpenes could be isolated from an ethanolic extract of myrrh resin. Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS. Among them, six previously unknown compounds (1–6) and another four metabolites previously not described for the genus Commiphora (7, 10, 12, 13) could be identified. Sesquiterpenes 1 and 2 are novel 9,10-seco-eudesmanes and exhibited an unprecedented sesquiterpene carbon skeleton, which is described here for the first time. New compound 3 is an 9,10 seco-guaian and the only peroxide isolated from myrrh so far. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 7–9, 11, 13–16 were tested in an ICAM-1 in vitro assay. Compound 7, as well as the reference compound furanoeudesma-1,3-diene, acted as moderate inhibitors of this adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (IC50: 44.8 and 46.3 μM, respectively). These results give new hints on the activity of sesquiterpenes with regard to ICAM-1 inhibition and possible modes of action of myrrh in anti-inflammatory processes
Coulomb Frustrated Phase Separation in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Organic Conductors on the Verge of Charge Ordering
Creators: name: Yoshimi, K.
name: Maebashi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of an analysis of a 3/4-filled two-dimensional (2D) extended Hubbard model under the fluctuation-exchange approximation, we find Coulomb frustrated phase separation (PS) in a region of nonzero temperature, where the quantum critical phenomenon of charge ordering (CO) dominates. In quasi-2D organic conductors on the verge of CO, this frustrated PS provides a mechanism for generating spatial inhomogeneity, which is characterized by an extremely slow relaxation and an intermediate length scale.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
The greening of self-interest : why is China standing firm on its climate commitments despite US regression?
Creators: name: Bain, Charlie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: International observers might have expected China to respond to US defection on climate change with a similar defection, but it has shown no signs of doing so. Why? This paper argues that Chinese commitment to environmental targets, embodied by the Paris Agreement, is the result of a greening of self-interest: in other words, China has realised its existing domestic and foreign policy goals are best served by a realignment from unrestrained to more sustainable development. The primary drivers of this shift are the pursuit of domestic legitimacy, the economic benefits of industrial efficiency and green technology production, and a desire to improve China’s international reputation. The paper will utilise a range of academic, media and direct political sources to uncover the reality of Chinese foreign policy motivation piece by piece. It will end by reflecting on two logical corollaries of the main question: first, will China simply discard its climate commitments if the incentives it is faced with start to favour untrammelled environmental exploitation again? Discursive chains, norm internalisation and influence over the global normative framework may operate against this outcome. Second, how will Chinese leadership in the international sphere influence the nature of global environmental norms themselves? China’s climate strategy appears to embrace the consumption-led, industrial capitalist conception of environmentalism which already prevails, suggesting this rising giant is likely to further entrench existing norms rather than shift the world towards genuinely sustainable solutions.
The Principle of Inversion: Why the Quantitative-Empirical Paradigm Cannot Serve as a Unifying Basis for Psychology as an Academic Discipline
Creators: name: Mayrhofer, Roland
name: Hutmacher, Fabian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: self-perception of psychology, principle of inversion, methods in psychology, operationalism, definitions of psychology
subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Introduction: In the English-speaking world, as well as in the international academic discourse and many other languages, the term “science” or appropriate translations refer only to a certain area of knowledge, namely the natural and the social sciences, thus excluding what is usually referred to as humanities or Geisteswissenschaften (Szostak, 2004). The history and philosophy of science shows that the sciences rely heavily on the so-called Scientific Method, a set of theoretical and methodological principles which consists, in essence, of observing, formulating hypotheses and testing these hypotheses in experiments, in order to discover general laws. In doing so, knowledge is generated by relying on empirical evidence, which in turn expresses directly observable phenomena in terms of quantitative data. Excluding the extremely complex discussions about advantages, drawbacks, and alternatives to the Scientific Method (e.g., Gower, 1997; Nola and Sankey, 2014; Andersen and Hepburn, 2015), it is important to note that quantitative-empirical methods and thinking according to the Scientific Method dominate the sciences (Haig, 2014; Nola and Sankey, 2014; Sankey, 2014) and also psychology (Garber, 2019; Haig, 2019; Toomela, 2020). By contrast, the humanities rely much less on quantitative—let alone experimental—methods, although these are employed nonetheless when appropriate. Instead of producing and gathering empirical data, the humanities characteristically approach their subject matter from a descriptive, interpretive, and hermeneutical understanding whose historical and comparative angles cannot be conveniently summarized by a single term (Watanabe, 2010; Bem and De Jong, 2013; Leezenberg and De Vries, 2019).
Mott Transition in Multi-Orbital Models for Iron Pnictides
Creators: name: Yu, Rong
name: Si, Qimiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bad-metal behavior of the iron pnictides has motivated a theoretical description in terms of a proximity to Mott localization. Since the parent compounds of the iron pnictides contain an even number of 3d-electrons per Fe, it is important to determine whether a Mott transition robustly exists and the nature of the possible Mott insulating phases. We address these issues in a minimal two-orbital model and a more realistic four-orbital model for the parent iron pnictides using a slave-spin approach. In the two-orbital model with two electrons per Fe, we identify a transition from metal to Mott insulator. The critical coupling, $U_c$, is greatly reduced by the Hund's coupling. Depending on the ratio between the inter- and intra-orbital Coulomb repulsions, the insulating state can be either a spin-Mott insulator or an orbital-Mott insulator. In the four-orbital model with four electrons per Fe, we find an orbitally selective metal-to-insulator transition in the case of zero Hund's coupling; the transition to a Mott insulator in the $xz$ and $yz$ orbitals takes place at the same critical coupling as the transition to a band insulator in the $xy$ and $x^2-y^2$ orbitals. In the presence of a finite Hund's coupling, however, the localization transition is into a spin-Mott state.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Exploring how Syrian women manage their health after migration to Germany: results of a qualitative study
Creators: name: Kikhia, Salma
name: Gharib, Ghaith
name: Sauter, Alexandra
name: Vincens, Natalia Caldeira Loss
name: Loss, Julika
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Syrian women, Immigrant health, Germany, Access to healthcare, Post-migration stress, Resilience
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background In the recent years, the number of Syrians living in Germany increased drastically due to the massive displacement caused by the Syrian conflict. Syrian migrant women in Germany are challenged by both the migration process and the changing of social roles. Seeking out healthcare may be hampered by linguistic and cultural barriers, but the new context may offer opportunities for health and well-being (free access to health care, civil/human rights). Little is known about how Syrian women manage their health after their resettlement in Germany. Methods In depth interviews in Arabic were conducted with 9 Syrian women who were recruited through purposive sampling (18–55 years, migrated in 2011–2017, different education levels), focusing on capabilities to control one’s health and to navigate the German healthcare system, and social/environmental barriers and facilitators to effectively manage their health. Interview transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The women reported their health to be impaired by post-migration stressors, such as perceived discrimination, loss of social status and worrying about the future. Many interviewees felt disempowered and incompetent to successfully and actively navigate the German healthcare system, lacking information and not understanding their rights and options under the health insurance plan. The language barrier added to feeling vulnerable. Many women experienced doctors declining to treat them for capacity reasons; when treated, they often did not feel taken seriously or were dissatisfied with the emotional/cultural aspects of care. If possible, Arabic doctors were sought out. Some women, however, described improved resources for health, and appreciated better women’s rights as a source of power. Conclusions The lack of information about the structure and offers of the German healthcare system, language and culture specific barriers as well as socio-cultural challenges are undermining the ability of Syrian women to manage their health effectively after their resettlement in Germany. Providing tailored information on the German healthcare system, creating a health-literacy supportive environment, and improving cultural sensitivity in healthcare provision could help Syrian women better utilize medical care offered in Germany.
T-folds, doubled geometry, and the SU(2) WZW model
Creators: name: Schulz, Michael B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SU(2) WZW model at large level N can be interpreted semiclassically as string theory on S^3 with N units of Neveu-Schwarz H-flux. While globally geometric, the model nevertheless exhibits an interesting doubled geometry possessing features in common with nongeometric string theory compactifications, for example, nonzero Q-flux. Therefore, it can serve as a fertile testing ground through which to improve our understanding of more exotic compactifications, in a context in which we have a firm understanding of the background from standard techniques. Three frameworks have been used to systematize the study of nongeometric backgrounds: the T-fold construction, Hitchin's generalized geometry, and fully doubled geometry. All of these double the standard description in some way, in order to geometrize the combined metric and Neveu Schwarz B-field data. We present the T-fold and fully doubled descriptions of WZW models, first for SU(2) and then for general group. Applying the formalism of Hull and Reid-Edwards, we indeed recover the physical metric and H-flux of the WZW model from the doubled description. As additional checks, we reproduce the abelian T-duality group and known semiclassical spectrum of D-branes.
description: 69 pages; uses amslatex; v4 minor revisions