cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Searching for GeV-scale Majorana Dark Matter: inter spem et metum
Creators: name: Jueid, Adil
name: Nasri, Salah
name: Soualah, Rachik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a minimal model for GeV-scale Majorana Dark Matter (DM) coupled to the standard model lepton sector via a charged scalar singlet. We show that there is an anti-correlation between the spin-independent DM-Nucleus scattering cross-section ($σ_{\mathrm{SI}}$) and the DM relic density for parameters values allowed by various theoretical and experimental constraints. Moreover, we find that even when DM couplings are of order unity, $σ_{\mathrm{SI}}$ is below the current experimental bound but above the neutrino floor. Furthermore, we show that the considered model can be probed at high-energy lepton colliders using e.g. the mono-Higgs production and same-sign charged Higgs pair production.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures and 4 Tables. Added section about LHC constraints on the model, improved discussion on the implications at lepton colliders. Comments are welcome!
On the Logarithm of the Riemann Zeta-function Near the Nontrivial Zeros
Creators: name: Cicek, Fatma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 11M26

description: Assuming the Riemann hypothesis and Montgomery's Pair Correlation Conjecture, we investigate the distribution of the sequences $(\log|ζ(ρ+z)|)$ and $(\argζ(ρ+z)).$ Here $ρ=\frac12+iγ$ runs over the nontrivial zeros of the zeta-function, $0
Raman spectrum of Janus transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers WSSe and MoSSe
Creators: name: Petrić, Marko M.
name: Kremser, Malte
name: Barbone, Matteo
name: Qin, Ying
name: Sayyad, Yasir
name: Shen, Yuxia
name: Tongay, Sefaattin
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
name: Botello-Méndez, Andrés R.
name: Müller, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) lose the horizontal mirror symmetry of ordinary TMDs, leading to the emergence of additional features, such as native piezoelectricity, Rashba effect, and enhanced catalytic activity. While Raman spectroscopy is an essential nondestructive, phase- and composition-sensitive tool to monitor the synthesis of materials, a comprehensive study of the Raman spectrum of Janus monolayers is still missing. Here, we discuss the Raman spectra of WSSe and MoSSe measured at room and cryogenic temperatures, near and off resonance. By combining polarization-resolved Raman data with calculations of the phonon dispersion and using symmetry considerations, we identify the four first-order Raman modes and higher-order two-phonon modes. Moreover, we observe defect-activated phonon processes, which provide a route toward a quantitative assessment of the defect concentration and, thus, the crystal quality of the materials synthesized. Our work establishes a solid background for future research on material synthesis, study, and application of Janus TMD monolayers.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
An adaptive scheduling algorithm for bluetooth ad-hoc networks
Creators: name: Lee, Raymond Yan Lam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Bluetooth devices are required to form a piconet before exchanging data. Each piconet has a master unit that controls the channel access and frequency hopping sequence. Other nodes in the piconet are referred to as the slave units. In a piconet, the master controls the access of all devices to the channel through a time division duplex master-slave polling scheme. Several piconets can be interconnected via bridge nodes to create a scatternet. Bridge nodes are capable of time-sharing between multiple piconets, receiving packets from one piconet and forwarding them to another. A distributed scatternet scheduling algorithm is necessary: (i) to facilitate the polling operation from a master to its slaves; and (ii) to coordinate the switching of the bridge nodes between different piconets. In this thesis, we propose an Adaptive Scheduling Algorithm (ASA) for Bluetooth scatternets. ASA is adaptive in which the bandwidth allocated on each link or session is dynamically adjusted based on the estimated traffic. Moreover, ASA integrates both intrapiconet and inter-piconet scheduling to improve the aggregate throughput and delay. In addition, ASA prevents the bridge node conflict and satisfies the max-min fairness criterion. We compare our proposed ASA with two other scheduling algorithms via simulations. Results show that ASA can achieve the max-min fairness under different traffic conditions. Simulation results also show that under Constant Bit Rate (CBR) or bursty on-off User Datagram Protocol (UDP) traffic, ASA can maintain a high aggregate throughput and low delay. In addition, under Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) traffic, results show that ASA can achieve a small average transfer delay for different file sizes.
Response to comment on "Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells"
Creators: name: Ni, Zhenyi
name: Xu, Shuang
name: Huang, Jinsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ravishankar et al. claimed the drive-level capacitance profiling (DLCP) method cannot resolve trap density along depth direction in perovskites with given thickness, and explained the measured charges to be a consequence of geometrical capacitance and diffusion capacitance. We point out that the trap densities in DLCP method are derived from the differential capacitance at different frequencies, and thus the background charges caused by diffusion and geometry capacitance has been subtracted. Even for the non-differential doping analysis by DLCP, the contribution from diffusion capacitance is shown to be negligible and contribution from geometry capacitance is excluded. Additional experiment results further support the measured trap density represents the actual trap distribution in perovskite solar cells.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
The Hubbard model within the equations of motion approach
Creators: name: Mancini, F.
name: Avella, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubbard model has a special role in Condensed Matter Theory as it is considered as the simplest Hamiltonian model one can write in order to describe anomalous physical properties of some class of real materials. Unfortunately, this model is not exactly solved except for some limits and therefore one should resort to analytical methods, like the Equations of Motion Approach, or to numerical techniques in order to attain a description of its relevant features in the whole range of physical parameters (interaction, filling and temperature). In this manuscript, the Composite Operator Method, which exploits the above mentioned analytical technique, is presented and systematically applied in order to get information about the behavior of all relevant properties of the model (local, thermodynamic, single- and two- particle ones) in comparison with many other analytical techniques, the above cited known limits and numerical simulations. Within this approach, the Hubbard model is shown to be also capable to describe some anomalous behaviors of the cuprate superconductors.
description: 232 pages, more than 300 figures, more than 500 references
Exclusive Production of the X(3872) in B Meson Decay
Creators: name: Braaten, Eric
name: Kusunoki, Masaoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the recently-discovered charmonium-like state X(3872) is a loosely-bound S-wave molecule of the charm mesons D^0 \bar D^{*0} or D^{*0} \bar D^0, it can be produced through the weak decay of the B meson into D^0 \bar D^{*0} K or D^{*0} \bar D^0 K followed by the coalescence of the charm mesons at a long-distance scale set by the scattering length of the charm mesons. The long-distance factors in the amplitude for the decay B \to XK are determined by the binding energy of X, while the short-distance factors are essentially determined by the amplitudes for B \to D^0 \bar D^{*0} K and B \to D^{*0} \bar D^0 K near the thresholds for the charm mesons. We obtain a crude determination of the short-distance amplitudes by analyzing data from the Babar collaboration on the branching fractions for B\to \bar D^{(*)} D^{(*)} K using a factorization assumption, heavy quark symmetry, and isospin symmetry. The resulting order-of-magnitude estimate of the branching fraction for B^+ \to X K^+ is compatible with observations provided that J/ψπ^+ π^- is a major decay mode of the X. The branching fraction for B^0 \to X K^0 is predicted to be suppressed by more than an order of magnitude compared to that for B^+ \to X K^+.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, revtex4, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Sustainable Economic Development: On the Coexistence of Resource-Dependent and Resource-Impacting Industries
Creators: name: Lopez, Ramon E.
name: Lopez, Ramon E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper studies the interactions between harvesters that depend on the renewable resource as a vital factor of production (i.e., fisheries) and industries that can have important impacts on the renewable resource but whose production does not depend on it (i.e., off-shore oil extraction) in the context of a growing economy. We examine these issues in the context of a closed economy focusing on how the co-existence between these two sectors affects the potential for sustainable development and how the well-being of the poor, i.e., the harvesters, is affected. We identify conditions under which existence and expansion of a resource-impacting sector may make sustainable development more likely. However, if these conditions are not met growth of the resource-impacting sector leads to resource depletion or even complete extinction and thus to the disappearance of the harvesting activity over the long run.
India's rank and global share in scientific research -- how publication counting method and subject selection can vary the outcomes
Creators: name: Singh, Vivek Kumar
name: Arora, Parveen
name: Uddin, Ashraf
name: Bhattacharya, Sujit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: During the last two decades, India has emerged as a major knowledge producer in the world, however different reports put it at different ranks, varying from 3rd to 9th places. The recent commissioned study reports of Department of Science and Technology (DST) done by Elsevier and Clarivate Analytics, rank India at 5thand 9th places, respectively. On the other hand, an independent report by National Science Foundation (NSF) of United States (US), ranks India at 3rd place on research output in Science and Engineering area. Interestingly, both, the Elsevier and the NSF reports use Scopus data, and yet surprisingly their outcomes are different. This article, therefore, attempts to investigate as to how the use of same database can still produce different outcomes, due to differences in methodological approaches. The publication counting method used and the subject selection approach are the two main exogenous factors identified to cause these variations. The implications of the analytical outcomes are discussed with special focus on policy perspectives.
Use of project activity in integrated teaching of the English and Kazakh languages to students of economics faculty
Creators: name: Moldakhmetova, Gulnara
name: Moldakhmetova, Gulnara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Project
subject: integrated teaching
subject: methodology
subject: increase of motivation

description: In the work we gave the definition of the project activity and considered the use of the project activity in the integrated teaching of the English and Kazakh languages to students of the faculty of economics.
Using the remote educational technologies in training students for psychology teaching
Creators: name: Seitbattalova, Aigerim
name: Seitbattalova, Aigerim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Remote education technologies
subject: training of students
subject: psychology teaching

description: The paper discusses the model of professional training of students for teaching psychology on the basis of remote educational technologies in pedagogical high school. The model is presented by blocks of the maintenance of professional training, the information-educational environment, psychological-pedagogical support of professional training.
Improved phenomenological equation of state in the chemical picture
Creators: name: Trampedach, Regner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present an overview of an equation of state, being developed in the chemical picture, and based on the very successful MHD equation of state. The flexibility of the chemical picture combined with the free-energy minimization procedure, makes it rather straight-forward, albeit laborious, to include new effects in the model free-energy, simply by adding new terms. The most notable additions to the original MHD equation of state, are relativistic effects, quantum effects, improved higher order Coulomb terms and a long list of molecules other than the H2 and H2+ treated so far.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Huge excitonic effects in layered hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Arnaud, B.
name: Lebègue, S.
name: Rabiller, P.
name: Alouani, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calculated quasiparticle band structure of bulk hexagonal boron nitride using the all-electron GW approximation shows that this compound is an indirect-band-gap semiconductor. The solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the electron-hole two-particle Green function has been used to compute its optical spectra and the results are found in excellent agreement with available experimental data. A detailed analysis is made for the excitonic structures within the band gap and found that the excitons belong to the Frenkel class and are tightly confined within the layers. The calculated exciton binding energy is much larger than that obtained by Watanabe {\it et al} using a Wannier model to interpret their experimental results and assuming that h-BN is a direct-band-gap semiconductor.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
CULTURAL AND CIVILIZATION ASPECTS OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN
Creators: name: Sergeeva, Valeria
name: Sergeeva, Valeria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: High education
subject: cultural man
subject: personality

description: The paper analyses development tasks for the higher education system in Kazakhstan within the cultural approach. The content and tasks of national high education, it is believed, should help to grow a polycultural personality that unites moral values, healthy life style and high cultural standard.
GRAF: Generative Radiance Fields for 3D-Aware Image Synthesis
Creators: name: Schwarz, Katja
name: Liao, Yiyi
name: Niemeyer, Michael
name: Geiger, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While 2D generative adversarial networks have enabled high-resolution image synthesis, they largely lack an understanding of the 3D world and the image formation process. Thus, they do not provide precise control over camera viewpoint or object pose. To address this problem, several recent approaches leverage intermediate voxel-based representations in combination with differentiable rendering. However, existing methods either produce low image resolution or fall short in disentangling camera and scene properties, e.g., the object identity may vary with the viewpoint. In this paper, we propose a generative model for radiance fields which have recently proven successful for novel view synthesis of a single scene. In contrast to voxel-based representations, radiance fields are not confined to a coarse discretization of the 3D space, yet allow for disentangling camera and scene properties while degrading gracefully in the presence of reconstruction ambiguity. By introducing a multi-scale patch-based discriminator, we demonstrate synthesis of high-resolution images while training our model from unposed 2D images alone. We systematically analyze our approach on several challenging synthetic and real-world datasets. Our experiments reveal that radiance fields are a powerful representation for generative image synthesis, leading to 3D consistent models that render with high fidelity.
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MAINTENANCE
Creators: name: Burdina, Elena
name: Pfeifer, Nelli
name: Mustafina, Guljauhar
name: Burdina, Elena
name: Pfeifer, Nelli
name: Mustafina, Guljauhar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Ecologic problems
subject: environment
subject: energy and resource saving

description: Sustainable development assumes developing resource and energy saving activities that helps to environment and ecology preservation. The paper describes global cases how the energy safety, economic growth and environment could be achieved through right policies. The author indicates on the related issue of ecologic competence and education.
Experimental observation of Aharonov-Bohm caging using orbital angular momentum modes in optical waveguides
Creators: name: Jörg, C.
name: Queraltó, G.
name: Kremer, M.
name: Pelegrí, G.
name: Schulz, J.
name: Szameit, A.
name: von Freymann, G.
name: Mompart, J.
name: Ahufinger, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of artificial gauge fields, controlling the dynamics of uncharged particles that otherwise elude the influence of standard electric or magnetic fields, has revolutionized the field of quantum simulation. Hence, developing new techniques to induce those fields is essential to boost quantum simulation in photonic structures. Here, we experimentally demonstrate in a photonic lattice the generation of an artificial gauge field by modifying the input state, overcoming the need to modify the geometry along the evolution or imposing the presence of external fields. In particular, we show that an effective magnetic flux naturally appears when light beams carrying orbital angular momentum are injected into waveguide lattices with certain configurations. To demonstrate the existence of that flux, we measure the resulting Aharonov-Bohm caging effect. Therefore, we prove the possibility of switching on and off artificial gauge fields by changing the topological charge of the input state, paving the way to access different topological regimes in one single structure, which represents an important step forward for optical quantum simulation.
Personalized face animation framework for multimedia systems
Creators: name: Arya, Ali
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Advances in multimedia-related technologies are enabling new applications such as virtual agents, video conferencing, visual effects in movies, and virtual players in computer games. Such applications are, in turn, motivating much research in digital character and face animation. This thesis addresses an important area in this field, Personalized Face Animation which is concerned with creating multimedia data representing the facial actions of a certain character, such as talking, expressions, and head movements. Much success has been achieved for this purpose using 3D head models (general and customized to specific individuals) and also view morphing based on 2D images. The model acquisition and computational complexity of 3D models, and large image databases for 2D methods, however, are major drawbacks. The thesis addresses these issues along with other important ones, mainly realism, authoring tools, content description, and architecture of the whole face animation system. We propose a comprehensive framework for personalized face animation which we call ShowFace. ShowFace integrates a component-based architecture, well-defined interfaces, helper objects and tools with a simple, yet effective, approach to content generation. These are paired with a language for describing face animation events. ShowFace is designed to satisfy the following basic requirements of face animation systems: • Generalized decoding of short textual input into multimedia objects that minimizes the model complexity and database size • Structured content description for face activities like talking, expressions, and head movement, their temporal relation, and hierarchical grouping into meaningful stories • Streaming for continuously receiving and producing frames of multimedia data • Timeliness issues • Compatibility with existing standards and technologies and • Efficiency with regards to algorithms and required data ShowFace achieves this objective by introducing: Feature-based image transformations along with a 2D image-based method for creating MPEG-4 compatible and realistic facial actions. This is accomplished without the need for a complicated 3D head model and/or large databases of 2D images • A face modeling language which is an XML-based language. It is compatible with MPEG-4 standard and specifically designed for face animation It is also capable of describing spatial and temporal relations of facial actions, behavioural templates, and external event handling. • A component-based structure for development of animation applications. This structure has a well-defined interface, independently usable components, and streaming capability and • A comprehensive set of evaluation criteria for face animation systems The thesis review basic concepts and related work in the area of face animation. Then the ShowFace system is introduced and its contributions are thoroughly discussed. A comparative evaluation of the system features and performance is also provided.
Correction of non-linearity effects in detectors for electron spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mannella, N.
name: Marchesini, S.
name: Kay, A. W.
name: Nambu, A.
name: Gresch, T.
name: Yang, S. -H.
name: Mun, B. S.
name: Bussat, J. M.
name: Rosenhahn, A.
name: Fadley, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using photoemission intensities and a detection system employed by many groups in the electron spectroscopy community as an example, we have quantitatively characterized and corrected detector non-linearity effects over the full dynamic range of the system. Non-linearity effects are found to be important whenever measuring relative peak intensities accurately is important, even in the low-countrate regime. This includes, for example, performing quantitative analyses for surface contaminants or sample bulk stoichiometries, where the peak intensities involved can differ by one or two orders of magnitude, and thus could occupy a significant portion of the detector dynamic range. Two successful procedures for correcting non-linearity effects are presented. The first one yields directly the detector efficiency by measuring a flat-background reference intensity as a function of incident x-ray flux, while the second one determines the detector response from a least-squares analysis of broad-scan survey spectra at different incident x-ray fluxes. Although we have used one spectrometer and detection system as an example, these methodologies should be useful for many other cases.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Ultrahigh Doping of Graphene Using Flame-Deposited MoO3
Creators: name: Vaziri, Sam
name: Chen, Victoria
name: Cai, Lili
name: Jiang, Yue
name: Chen, Michelle
name: Grady, Ryan
name: Zheng, Xiaolin
name: Pop, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expected high performance of graphene-based electronics is often hindered by lack of adequate doping, which causes low carrier density and large sheet resistance. Many reported graphene doping schemes also suffer from instability or incompatibility with existing semiconductor processing. Here we report ultrahigh and stable p-type doping up to ~7x10^13 1/cm^2 (~2x10^21 1/cm^3}) of monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. This is achieved by direct polycrystalline MoO3 growth on graphene using a rapid flame synthesis technique. With this approach, the metal-graphene contact resistance for holes is reduced to ~200 Ohm-um. We also demonstrate that flame-deposited MoO3 provides over 5x higher doping of graphene, as well as superior thermal and long-term stability, compared to electron-beam deposited MoO3.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Dilaton Stabilization in Brane Gas Cosmology
Creators: name: Berndsen, A. J.
name: Cline, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brane Gas Cosmology is an M-theory motivated attempt to reconcile aspects of the standard cosmology based on Einstein's theory of general relativity. Dilaton gravity, when incorporating winding p-brane states, has verified the Brandenberger--Vafa mechanism --a string-motivated conjecture which explains why only three of the nine spatial dimensions predicted by string theory grow large. Further investigation of this mechanism has argued for a hierarchy of subspaces, and has shown the internal directions to be stable to initial perturbations. These results, however, are dependent on a rolling dilaton, or varying strength of Newton's gravitational constant. In these proceedings we show that it is not possible to stabilize the dilaton and maintain the stability of the internal directions within the standard Brane Gas Cosmology setup.
description: 6 pages, no figures. To appear in the Proceedings of MRST 2004, held at Concordia University, Montreal, QC, 12-14 May 2004
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM: ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Creators: name: Aryn, Erlan
name: Ernazarov, Tahir
name: Aryn, Erlan
name: Ernazarov, Tahir
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Ecological-economic aspects
subject: environment preservation
subject: sustainable development
subject: natural resources

description: The authors outline economic and ecological aspects of a sustainable development paradigm. They call for active methods of nature preservation, including introducing environment-friendly innovations.
Thermodynamics of a Non-canonical $f(\bar{R},\bar{T})$ gravity
Creators: name: Panda, Arijit
name: Manna, Goutam
name: Ray, Saibal
name: Khlopov, Maxim
name: Dhankar, Praveen Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work comprises a study of the thermodynamic behavior of modified $f(\bar{R},\bar{T})$ gravity, which had been developed based on a non-canonical theory known as K-essence theory. In this development, we use the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) type of non-standard Lagrangian. We develop a modified first law and generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) within the modified $f(\bar{R},\bar{T})$ gravity, where we consider the background metric to be the usual Friedmann-Lema$\hat{\text{i}}$tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) type. A graphical analysis of surface gravity has been performed for the modified FLRW metric via the $f(\bar{R},\bar{T})$ theory, which is different from the usual FLRW gravity through the usual $f(R,T)$ gravity. Exponential and power law scale factors are used to analyze cosmic surface gravity. Through the investigation of the modified GSLT, using the relation of scale factor with the scalar field, we have seen that during the initial phase of the universe, the entropy's rate of change may be either negative or positive, contingent upon the value of the curvature constant. The negativity of the entropy change indicates that the modified GSLT is not feasible in that particular area for a particular curvature constant. These traits suggest that during the inflationary period, entropy might have been either negative or positive. It has also been seen that entropy saturates every curvature value at different time ranges, which indicates the heat death of the universe.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Thermocavitation in gold-coated microchannels for needle-free jet injection
Creators: name: Schoppink, Jelle J.
name: Bueno, Nicolás Rivera
name: Rivas, David Fernandez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous-wave lasers generated bubbles in microfluidic channels are proposed for applications such as needle-free jet injection due to their small size and affordable price of these lasers. However, water is transparent in the visible and near-IR regime, where the affordable diode lasers operate. Therefore a dye is required for absorption, which is often unwanted in thermocavitation applications such as vaccines or cosmetics. In this work we explore a different mechanism of the absorption of optical energy. The microfluidic channel wall is partially covered with a thin gold layer which absorbs light from a blue laser diode. This surface absorption is compared with the conventional volumetric absorption by a red dye. The results show that this surface absorption can be used to generate bubbles without the requirement of a dye. However, the generated bubbles are smaller and grow slower when compared to the dye-generated bubbles. Furthermore, heat dissipation in the glass channel walls affect the overall efficiency. Finally, degradation of the gold layer over time reduces the reproducibility and limits its lifetime. Further experiments and simulations are proposed to potentially solve these problems and optimize the bubble formation. Our findings can inform the design and operation of microfluidic devices used in phase transition experiments and other cavitation phenomena, such as jet injectors or liquid dispensing for bio-engineering.
Fast Ground State to Ground State Separation of Small Ion Crystals
Creators: name: Guglielmo, Tyler H.
name: Leibfried, Dietrich
name: Libby, Stephen B.
name: Slichter, Daniel H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid separation of linear crystals of trapped ions into different subsets is critical for realizing trapped ion quantum computing architectures where ions are rearranged in trap arrays to achieve all-to-all connectivity between qubits. We introduce a general theoretical framework that can be used to describe the separation of same-species and mixed-species crystals into smaller subsets. The framework relies on an efficient description of the evolution of Gaussian motional states under quadratic Hamiltonians that only requires a special solution of the classical equations of motion of the ions to describe their quantum evolution under the influence of a time-dependent applied potential and the ions' mutual Coulomb repulsion. We provide time-dependent applied potentials suitable for separation of a mixed species three-ion crystal on timescales similar to that of free expansion driven by Coulomb repulsion, with all modes along the crystal axis starting and ending close to their ground states. Three separately-confined mixed species ions can be combined into a crystal held in a single well without energy gain by time-reversal of this separation process.
ECOLOGICAL MICROBIOFERTILIZER OF MERS SERIES
Creators: name: Usmanov, Sultan
name: Imanbekov, Kylichbek
name: Mahmudov, Ravshan
name: Usmanov, Sultan
name: Imanbekov, Kylichbek
name: Mahmudov, Ravshan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Microbiofertilizer
subject: soil microorganisms
subject: soil fertility

description: The soil microorganisms provide essential influence on sustaining soil fertility and high crop yield. Therefore, regulation of microorganisms’ life processes plays the most important role in agrobiotechnologies. The paper describes plant and soil efficiency of MERS microbiofertilizer.
ON ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR TECHNOLOGY OF DIFFERENTIATED APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS
Creators: name: Litchman, Gennadiy
name: Nukeshev, Sayahat
name: Litchman, Gennadiy
name: Nukeshev, Sayahat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Soil fertility
subject: mineral fertilizers
subject: crop yield
subject: response function

description: The paper studies agricultural crops’ yield depending on quality of entering of mineral fertilizers. It is established that determining average productivity, under square-law dependence of yield on a dose, there is not necessity to set the law of fertilizers distribution across the field and will be sufficient to know expected value D and standard deviation sD. The paper considers approaches to economic-mathematical model of optimization of fertilizers’ doses at the differentiated entering. The produced result provides a new approach to the quality control in technological process of fertilizers application. Also, it allows formulating requirements to perspective technical means used for entering of mineral fertilizers.
Origin of the drastic decrease of fusion probability in superheavy mass region
Creators: name: Aritomo, Y.
name: Ohta, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fusion-fission process in the superheavy mass region is studied systematically by solving the time evolution of nuclear shape in three-dimensional deformation space using the Langevin equation. By analyzing the trajectory in the deformation space, we identify the critical area when the trajectory's destination is determined to be the fusion or the quasi-fission process. It is also clarified that the potential landscape around the critical area is crucial for estimating the fusion probability, and its dependence on the atomic number is presented.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A
Non-thermal production of lepton asymmetry and dark matter in minimal seesaw with right handed neutrino induced Higgs potential
Creators: name: Samanta, Rome
name: Biswas, Anirban
name: Bhattacharya, Sukannya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within Type-I seesaw mechanism, Higgs mass can be dynamically generated via quantum effects of the right handed neutrinos assuming the potential is nearly conformal at the Ultra-Violet. The scenario, named as the "Neutrino Option" allows RH neutrino mass scale upto $M \lesssim$ $10^7$ GeV to be consistent with light neutrino masses, mixing and Higgs mass. Therefore, it is not consistent with standard hierarchical thermal leptogenesis. Parameter space for thermal resonant leptogenesis is highly constrained in this model. We point out that non-thermal pair production of RH neutrinos from inflaton decay corresponds in general to a mild degree of resonance in the CP asymmetry parameter and allows RH mass scale to be smaller more than by an order of magnitude than the thermal strong resonance case. Within the similar parameter space of thermal leptogenesis, RH neutrinos can also be produced from inflaton decay along with a Dark Matter having mass $M_{\rm DM}\lesssim$ 320 MeV. The main constraint in the latter scenario comes from the Ly$α$ constraints on Dark Matter free streaming. We show in addition, that the Neutrino Option introduces a 'phantom window' for the RH mass scale, in which contrary to the usual scenarios, CP asymmetry parameter for leptogenesis decreases with the increase of the RH mass scale and minimally fine-tuned seesaw models naturally exhibit this `phantom window'.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures; matches the version published in JCAP
Neural Network Emulation of Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies
Creators: name: Cox, Nicholas
name: Grundler, Xavier
name: Li, Bao-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applications of new techniques in machine learning are speeding up progress in research in various fields. In this work, we construct and evaluate a deep neural network (DNN) to be used within a Bayesian statistical framework as a faster and more reliable alternative to the Gaussian Process (GP) emulator of an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model simulator of heavy-ion reactions at intermediate beam energies. We found strong evidence of DNN being able to emulate the IBUU simulator's prediction on the strengths of protons' directed and elliptical flow very efficiently even with small training datasets and with accuracy about ten times higher than the GP. Limitations of our present work and future improvements are also discussed.
description: Added more results and discussions. Phys. Rev. C in press
Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay as a Diagnostic Tool in Veterinary Medicine
Creators: name: Ankur Singh1, Ajit Pratap Singh2, Bikash Ranjan Prusty3*, Sanjay Shukla3, Kush Shrivastava3, and Tripti Jain3
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: For making appropriate and most suitable therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases, accurate and timely identification of infectious agents is crucial. Conventional methods like microbial isolation from clinical samples followed by its identification and serological tests have been regarded as gold standard methods of diagnosis for most of infectious diseases. Microbial isolation method is time consuming and having risk to laboratory personnel. Serological techniques are useful only after development of specific antibody in the body and sometimes produce false positive reactions. Molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR also have been used in detection of infectious agents since last three decades. In these techniques, unique region of pathogen’s genome is amplified under different temperature cycles followed by end products, diagnosis rapid without compromising accuracy. However, major obstacles in adoption of PCR and real-time PCR based diagnosis are high-cost laboratory setup, high-cost equipment, skilled laboratory personnel, sample transportation to testing laboratory and efficient sample preparation. These limitations make PCR and real-time PCR unsuitable being used as regular diagnostic methods in low resource laboratory settings. Recently, loop-mediated Isothermal amplification (LAMP) has come up, which amplifies the target region of DNA at a single temperature. The LAMP assay can be performed in a simple water bath with un-purified samples. Features like low-cost equipment, rapid result, high sensitivity, and high specificity make researchers to assess possibilities of LAMP being used as cheap diagnostic tool in low-cost laboratory setting. LAMP assay also satisfying the WHO’s ASSURED guidelines' minimal requirements to act like point of care (POC) analysis. Now-a-days, LAMP is used as a preferred diagnostic tool around the world in detection of many infectious agents of veterinary importance.
Solubility of fructose in water-ethanol and water-methanol mixtures by using H-bonding models
Creators: name: Alavi, S. Tahere
name: Pazuki, Gholamreza
name: Raisi, Ahmadreza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solubility of fructose in water-ethanol and water-methanol mixtures and density of each solution at 20, 30 and 40°C over a range of water mass percentage have been measured. A new thermodynamic model called H-bonding modified Wilson was proposed to describe solubility data satisfactorily. H-bonding modified UNIQUAC and H-bonding NRTL were studied and a comparison between these three models was performed. Literature data on solubility of fructose in these systems at 25, 40 and 60°C were used to calculate adjustable parameters of these three models. Also the density of solutions reported in this study was correlated successfully. The comparison results showed that H-bonding modified Wilson model has the lowest AAD% between these three models in correlation of literature solubility data and density data. Then prediction capability of each model was evaluated with the new experimental data which was reported in this study. The prediction results showed that H-bonding modified UNIQUAC is the most accurate model between these three models in prediction of solubility data.
HIGHLY EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTION OF OILS FROM FRUIT-AND-VEGETABLE STONES WITH USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Creators: name: Safarov, Adyl
name: Gafurov, Karim
name: Safarov, Adyl
name: Gafurov, Karim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Fruit stones
subject: seeds of vegetables
subject: vegetable oil extraction
subject: electromagnetic field

description: The oil extraction processes from oil-bearing cultures’ seeds and stones is time and energy-intensive. The study shows that during processing kernels of oil-bearing cultures under influence of electromagnetic field the destruction process of cellar structure is intensified in 7-9 times than in existing moist-heat processing. Moreover, the process runs shorter and under comparatively low temperature regime that reduces the electric power expenses. Using electromagnetic processing of oil-bearing kernels provides increase of oil output up to 20-25% as well.
¿Es Husserl un disyuntivista? La fenomenología ante un problema contemporáneo de la filosofía de la percepción
Creators: name: Sandoval, Rodrigo Y.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Under the framework of static phenomenology, I will introduce the Husserlian descriptions of the relation between sensible content and apprehension (Inhalt-Auffassungsschema), and the non-representationalist approach to perception of transcendental phenomenology. In order to place Husserlian phenomenology in a context marked by disjunctivism, I will confront some objections that emerged from certain readings of the transcendental method. Finally, I will reject the tightness of the debate between disjunctivists and representationalists, giving way to the possibilities opened by phenomenology in the description of perception.
Thematic factsheet - Environmental enrichment for cattle
Creators: name: Brunet, Valentin
name: Veissier, Isabelle
name: Botreau, Raphaëlle
name: Ginane, Cécile
name: Rørvang, Maria Vilain
name: Boivin, Xavier
name: de Oliveira, Daiana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Environment
Animal welfare
Positive emotion
Cow
Calf
Calves

description: This thematic factsheet summarises the actual knowledge on cattle needs, the present situation of farming systems in Europe and potential environmental enrichments (physical, occupational, sensory, feeding and relational) that can be implemented in farms to improve animal welfare.
Microwave conductivity of d-wave superconductors with extended impurities
Creators: name: Nunner, Tamara S.
name: Hirschfeld, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of extended scatterers on the finite temperature and finite frequency microwave conductivity of d-wave superconductors. For this purpose we generalize a previous treatment by Durst and Lee, which is based on a nodal approximation of the quasiparticle excitations and scattering processes, and apply it to the analysis of experimental spectra of YBCO-123 and BSCCO-2212. For YBCO, we find that accounting for a slight spatial extension of the strong scattering in-plane defects improves the fit of the low temperature microwave conductivity to experiment. With respect to BSCCO we conclude that it is necessary to include a large concentration of weak-to-intermediate strength extended scatterers, which we attribute to the out-of plane disorder introduced by doping. These findings for BSCCO are consistent with similar analyses of the normal state ARPES spectra and of STM spectra in the superconducting state, where an enhanced forward scattering has been inferred as well.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
A scaling approach to estimate the COVID-19 infection fatality ratio from incomplete data
Creators: name: Seoane, Beatriz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted the life of billions of people around the world since the first outbreak was officially declared in China at the beginning of 2020. Yet, important questions such as how deadly it is or its degree of spread within different countries remain unanswered. In this work, we exploit the `universal' growth of the mortality rate with age observed in different countries since the beginning of their respective outbreaks, combined with the results of the antibody prevalence tests in the population of Spain, to unveil both unknowns. We validate these results with an analogous antibody rate survey in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. We also argue that the official number of deaths over 70 years old is importantly underestimated in most of the countries, and we use the comparison between the official records with the number of deaths mentioning COVID-19 in the death certificates to quantify by how much. Using this information, we estimate the fatality infection ratio (IFR) for the different age segments and the fraction of the population infected in different countries assuming a uniform exposure to the virus in all age segments. We also give estimations for the non-uniform IFR using the sero-epidemiological results of Spain, showing a very similar growth of the fatality ratio with age. Only for Spain, we estimate the probability (if infected) of being identified as a case, being hospitalized or admitted in the intensive care units as function of age. In general, we observe a nearly exponential growth of the fatality ratio with age, which anticipates large differences in total IFR in countries with different demographic distributions, with numbers that range from 1.82\% in Italy, to 0.62\% in China or even 0.14\% in middle Africa.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables. Version judged scientifically suitable for publication in PLOS ONE