Perissonemia yaeyamensis Souma 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Souma, Jun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Perissonemia
Perissonemia yaeyamensis

description: Perissonemia yaeyamensis sp. nov.
(Figs 1E, F, 2E, F, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, 7C, 8C, F, 9C, F, 10D, E)
Perissonemia occasa: MIYAMOTO (1964a: 272) (distribution); MIYAMOTO (1964b: 523) (distribution); MIYAMOTO (1964c: 104) (distribution); TAKARA & AZUMA (1972: 113) (distribution); AZUMA & KINJO (1987: 34) (checklist: Okinawa Prefecture); HAYASHI (2002:137) (checklist: Ryukyu Islands); YAMADA & TOMOKUNI (2012: 198) (monograph).
Type series. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (ELKU),“[Iriomote I.] Shirahama–Hoshidate” [= JAPAN: RYUKYU ISLANDS (southern part): Yaeyama Group: Iriomote Island: Shirahama – Hoshidate], 8.iii.1964, leg. Y.Miyatake. PARATYPES (66 ♂♂ 65 ♀♀), JAPAN: RYUKYU ISLANDS (southern part): Yaeyama Group: Ishigaki Island: Yoshihara, 15.x.1963, leg. K. Morimoto (1 ♂, KUM); Kahara-yama, 14.iii.1964, leg. Y.Miyatake (3♂♂ 3♀♀, KUM); as above but 18.iii.1964 (1 ♀, KUM); as above but 18.iii.1964, leg. S. Kimoto (5 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, KUM); Yonehara, 15.iii.1964, leg. T. Shirozu (1 ♂, KUM); Omoto-san, 16.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); as above but leg. S. Kimoto (1 ♀, KUM); Mt. Omoto, 16.iv.1974, leg. H. Makihara (1 ♀, KUM); Mt. Banna-dake, 27.v.1990, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 22.vi.1991, leg. S. Miyakawa (1 ♀, NSMT); Nagura, Shiramizu, 6.v.1993, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂, TUA); Banna Park, 26.xi.1997, leg. M. Tomokuni (17 ♂♂ 19 ♀♀, NSMT); Shiramizu, 4.v.2004, leg. T. Tsuru (1 ♀, TUA); Mt. Maesedake, 16.xi.2018, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂, TUA); Sakieda, Yarabu-dake, 25.iii.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♂, TUA); Arakawa, Maese-dake, 25.iii.2020, leg. R. Ito (1 ♀, TUA). Iriomote Island: Upstream of Itajiki Riv., 9.vii.1963, leg. Y. Miyatake (5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); Shirahama, 7.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (7 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, KUM); as holotype (6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); Ushiku-mori, 9.iii.1964, leg.Y. Miyatake (1 ♀, KUM); as above but 11.iii.1964 (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Upstream of Nakara-gawa Riv., 12.iii.1964, leg. S. Kimoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀, KUM); Funaura, 12.viii.1967, leg. T. Takara (3 ♂♂, NSMT); as above but 9.x.1977, leg. M. Kinjo (1 ♀, NSMT); as above but 31.iii.1996, leg. M. Hayashi (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Otomi, 18.iii.1969, leg. S. Azuma (1 ♂, NSMT); as above but 2.viii.1972, leg. S. Azuma (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, NSMT); Kanbiri, 6.ix.1969, leg. M. Kinjo (1 ♂, NSMT); Komi, 15.v.1973, leg. T. Nakane (1 ♂, NSMT); as above but 2.iv.1978, leg. K. Baba (1 ♂ 1 ♀, NIAES); Gozaidake, 17.v.1973, leg. T. Nakane (1 ♂, NSMT); Shirahama-rindo, 1.vi.1999, leg.T. Ishikawa (1 ♂, TUA); Nakamagawa-rindou, 7.vi.2002, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Haiminaka, 29.viii.2020, leg. T. Mita (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, ELKU).
Additional material examined. Non-types (5 nymphs – referring to Miyamoto 1964b, as P. occasa): JAPAN: RYUKYU ISLANDS (southern part): Yaeyama Group: Iriomote Island: Shirahama, 7.iii.1964, leg. Y. Miyatake (3 nymphs, KUM); as holotype (2 nymphs, KUM). All five nymphs are in poor condition and were, thus, not described in the present study.
Diagnosis. Recognized among other species of Perissonemia by a combination of the following characters: body length 3.4–3.8 mm (Figs 1E, F, 2E, F); pronotal disc, posterior process and hemelytron except for areolae brown; frontal and median spines distinct (Fig. 3C); occipital spine reaching middle part of compound eye; buccula with 3 rows of areolae at highest part; rostrum reaching beyond posterior margin of mesosternum (Fig. 7C); lateral carina of pronotum present on pronotal disc and posterior process (Fig. 4C); costal area of hemelytron 0.5 times as wide as subcostal area at widest part of each, with 2 rows of areolae in basal part and a single row in remaining parts (Fig. 5C); subcostal area 0.5 times as wide as discoidal area at widest part of each, with 3 rows of areolae (occasionally 4 rows in very small sections) throughout its length (Fig. 6C); discoidal area with 6 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 7 rows of areolae at widest part; and anterior margin of pygophore strongly concave in middle part of dorsum (Fig. 9C).
Description. Male. Head, antennae, bucculae, pronotum, hemelytra except for most of areolae, legs and ventral surface brown; compound eye dark red; areolae of hemelytron except for sutural area translucent; pubescence on body yellowish (Figs 1E, 2E, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, 7C, 8C).
Body 3.3 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Fig. 1E). Head (Figs 3C, 4C, 7C) covered with pubescence; pair of frontal spines distinct, touching each other at apices, reaching apex of clypeus; median spine distinct, as long as frontal spines, reaching beyond bases of frontal spines; pair of occipital spines longer than median spine, reaching middle part of compound eyes; antenniferous tubercles obtuse, slightly curved inward; clypeus smooth. Compound eye round in dorsal view. Antenna covered with pubescence; segment I cylindrical; segment II conical, shortest among antennal segments; segment III longest among antennal segments; segment IV cylindrical, longer than segment I. Buccula with 3 rows of areolae throughout its length. Rostrum reaching beyond posterior margin of mesosternum.
Pronotum (Figs 3C, 4C) 1.6 times as long as maximum width across humeri, glabrous. Pronotal disc coarsely punctate. Hood absent. Calli smooth, partly covered with wax. Collar with 2 rows of areolae throughout its width, with anterior margin slightly curved laterad. Pronotal carinae without distinct areolae. Median carina straight, extending to apex of posterior process. Lateral carina present on pronotal disc and posterior process. Posterior process triangular, obtuse at apex.
Hemelytron (Figs 2E, 5C, 6C) 2.7 times as long as its maximum width, extending beyond apex of abdomen, glabrous; maximum width across hemelytra 1.1 times as long as maximum width across humeri; costal area 0.5 times as wide as subcostal area at widest part of each, with 2 rows of areolae in basal part and single row in remaining parts; subcostal area 0.5 times as wide as discoidal area at widest part of each, with 3 rows of areolae (occasionally 4 rows in very small sections) throughout its length; discoidal area with 6 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 7 rows of areolae at widest part.
Thoracic pleura (Fig. 2E) coarsely punctate. Prosternum (Fig. 7C) narrower than mesosternum. Sternal laminae lower than bucculae; anterior and posterior margins lower than lateral margin; prosternal lamina nearly straight, lower than mesosternal lamina; mesosternal lamina as high as metasternal lamina. Legs (Fig. 1E) smooth, covered with pubescence; femora thickest in middle.
Abdomen oblong in dorsal and ventral views. Pygophore (Figs 8C, 9C) compressed dorsoventrally, hexagonal in ventral view, covered with pubescence; strongly concave in middle part of dorsum. Paramere (Fig. 9F) expanded in middle part, angularly curved inward in apical part; outer and inner margins covered with pubescence in middle part.
Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.4–3.6 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.1–1.2 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.0 mm, and 0.4 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.4–1.5 mm; pronotal width across humeri 0.9–1.0 mm; hemelytral length 2.4–2.5 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 0.9 mm.
Female. General appearance very similar to that of male (Figs 1F, 2F, 8F) except for the following characters: body 3.1 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra; antennal segment III shorter than in male; hemelytron 2.9 times as long as its maximum width; maximum width across hemelytra 1.3 times as long as maximum width across humeri; terminalia pentagonal in ventral view.
Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.6–3.8 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.1–1.3 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.9 mm, and 0.4 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.5–1.6 mm; pronotal width across humeri 0.9–1.0 mm; hemelytral length 2.5–2.8 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 0.9–1.0 mm.
Differential diagnosis. Among the East Asian species, Perissonemia yaeyamensis sp. nov. is most similar to P. gressitti in morphological characteristics. However, based on a comparison between the type material of the new species and the photographs of the holotype (UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2021) together with the original description (DRAKE & POOR 1936) of P. gressitti, three main characters were recognized to easily differentiate P. yaeyamensis sp. nov. from P. gressitti: subcostal area of hemelytron with 3 rows of areolae (occasionally 4 rows in very small sections) throughout its length (Fig. 6C) (3 rows at apex and 2 rows in remaining parts in P. gressitti); discoidal area with 6 rows of areolae at widest part (5 rows in P. gressitti); and sutural area with 7 rows of areolae at widest part (6 rows in P. gressitti). Morphological differences between the new species and the other Japanese species are provided in the identification key below.
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to its occurrence in Yaeyama Group, the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan; an adjective.
Host plant. Osmanthus insularis, “Shimamokusei” or “Nataorenoki” (Oleaceae) (MIYAMOTO 1964b, YAMADA & TOMOKUNI 2012); O. marginatus, “Ryukyumokusei” (Fig. 10F) (present study). Perissonemia yaeyamensis sp. nov. feeds only on these oleaceous plants and is oligophagous.
Biology. Perissonemia yaeyamensis sp. nov. feeds on the abaxial surface of the leaves of Osmanthus marginatus (present study), similarly to many tingids (SCHUH & WEIRAUCH 2020). Adults were collected in almost all seasons (MIYAMOTO 1964a,b,c; TAKARA & AZUMA 1972; YAMADA & TOMOKUNI 2012; present study), and nymphs were collected in March and November (MIYAMOTO 1964b, YAMADA & TOMOKUNI 2012; present study).
Distribution. Japan (Ryukyu Islands (southern part): Yaeyama Group: Ishigaki Island, Iriomote Island) (Fig. 11) (MIYAMOTO 1964a,b,c; TAKARA & AZUMA 1972; YAMADA & TOMOKUNI 2012).
Perissonemia yaeyamensis sp. nov. inhabits the laurilignosa in the subtropical climate of the southern part of the Ryukyu Islands, which is located in the Oriental Region.
description: Published as part of Souma, Jun, 2022, The Oleaceae-feeding lace bugs of the genus Perissonemia from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), pp. 443-456 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 62 (2) on pages 450-453, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2022.024, http://zenodo.org/record/7617092