Gymnotus carapo subsp. madeirensis Albert 2017, New Subspecies
Creators: name: Albert, James S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Gymnotiformes
Gymnotidae
Gymnotus
Gymnotus carapo
Gymnotus carapo madeirensis

description: Gymnotus carapo madeirensis New Subspecies
Figure 3 D, Tables 3 and 4
Holotype: MUSM 12949, 227 mm, Peru, Puno, Sandia, Río Candamo (13°31’S, 069°41’W).
Paratypes: MUSM 12949 (2), 101–121 mm, Peru, Puno, Sandia, Río Candamo (13°31’S, 069°41’W).
Non-Types: MUSM 12949 b (4), 101–227mm, Peru, Puno, Sandia, Río Candamo, (13°25’S, 070°01’W). UF 82191 (1), 187 mm, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Río Guaporé, Río San Pablo, Río San Diablo, Velasco, 71 km N. San José de Chiquitos (17°18’S, 060°35’W). UF 82211 (2), 196–205 mm, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Río Guaporé, Río San Pablo, Chiquitos, Comunidad La Esperanza, ca. 40 km N. San José de Chiquitos (17°25’S, 060°47’W). UF 82345 (3) 111– 360 mm, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Río Jorge, W. Warnes, Río Piray (17°34’12.0”S, 063°12’36.0”W). UF 82470 (2), 170–218 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Mamoré, Río Ibaré, Cercado, Arroyo San Javier (14°38’S, 064°53’W). UF 82485 (1), 360 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Mamoré, Río Ibaré, Cercado, 20 km N San Javier (14°28’S, 064°56’W). UMSS 0 6969 (1), 302 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas (10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.30”W). UF 82510 (1), 241 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Mamoré, Río Ibaré, Cercado, 25 km N San Javier (14°24’S, 064°56’W). UMMZ 66433 (2), 215–331 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Beni, Lago Rogoagua (13°57’S, 066°58’W). UMSS 0 6962 (1), 108 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas (10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS 0 6963 (1), 121 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas (10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS 0 6964 (1), 174 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas (10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS 0 6964 (1), 177 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas (10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.30”W). UMSS 0 6965 (1), 145 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas (10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS 0 6966 (1), 179 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas (10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS 0 6970 (1), 119 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas (10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS 0 6977 (1), 202 mm, Brazil, Amazonas, Río Beni aff. Río Madeira (11°01’41.2”S, 066°05’58.801”W).
Description: Specimens of G. carapo from the Río Madeira basin overlap substantially in morphometric and meristic PC-space with specimens from other localities (Figures 4, 5, and 12). Gymnotus carapo madeirensis is characterized by the following combination of statistically significant (p <0.01) traits when compared to the rest of the species as a whole (see Principal Components Analyses and t-tests): short head (HL 10.4%–13.7% TL, mean 11.7% vs. 10.2%–15.5%, mean 12.7% in all other subspecies), wide interorbital distance (IO 37.7%–44.8% HL, mean 41.0% vs. 31.9%–43.6%, mean 37% in all other subspecies), deep body (BD 85.9%–106.6% HL, mean 95.8% vs. 42.7%–98.8%, mean 83.5% in all other subspecies), deep head (HD 57.1%–72.4% HL, mean 63.6% vs. 44.0%–67.2%, mean 57.9% in all other subspecies) and wide head (HW 59.3%–67.7% HL, mean 63.2% vs. 49.1%–66.8%, mean 59.2% in all other subspecies).
Distribution: Known from the Río Madre de Dios in the Madre de Dios Department of Peru, the Río Candamo in Sandia province Peru, and the Río Guaporé in the Santa Cruz department and the Río Mamoré and Río Madeira and Río Beni in the Beni department of Bolivia (Figure 2 B).
Etymology: Subspecific epithet derived from the Río Madeira.
description: Published as part of Albert, James S., 2017, Revision of the polytypic electric fish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), with descriptions of seven subspecies, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4318 (3) on pages 428-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4318.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/887692