cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generalized second law of thermodynamics for FRW cosmology with logarithmic correction
Creators: name: Sadjadi, H. Mohseni
name: Jamil, Mubasher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the previous analyses in the literature about the generalized second law (GSL) in an accelerated expanding universe the usual area relation for the entropy, i.e. $S={A\over 4G}$, was used for the cosmological horizon entropy. But this entropy relation may be modified due to thermal and quantum fluctuations or corrections motivated by loop quantum gravity giving rise to S={A\over 4}+πα\ln({A\over 4})+γ, where $α$ and $γ$ are some constants whose the values are still in debate in the literature. Our aim is to study the constraints that GSL puts on these parameters. Besides, we investigate the conditions that the presence of such modified terms in the entropy puts on other physical parameters the system such as the temperature of dark energy via requiring the validity of GSL. In our study we consider a spatially flat Friedman-Robertson-Walker and assume that the universe is composed of several interacting components (including dark energy). The model is investigated in the context of thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium situations. We show that in a (super) accelerated universe GSL is valid whenever $α(0$ leading to a (negative) positive contribution from logarithmic correction to the entropy. In the case of super acceleration the temperature of the dark energy is obtained to be less or equal to the Hawking temperature.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters
NECESSITY OF IMPROVEMENT OF RADIATION PROTECTION IN ANGIOGRAPHIC LABORATORIES
Creators: name: Tserendorj, Myagmarnaran
name: Kannenberg, Sven H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Radiation dosage, radiation protection, Dose Area Product, Kerma Air Product

description: Angiographic examinations require long-term X-ray exposure during the procedure. Therefore, the rules of X-ray protection must be followed to protect patients and medical staff. Four hospitals with 5 angiography systems were inspected for their workflow, and measurements were taken with a Dose Area Product meter (DAP meter) and a Kerma Air Product meter (KAP meter) to measure the radiation dose inside the laboratories. The results have been compared with international standards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The findings from Mongolia exceed the international standards for DAP (Dose Area Product) and KAP (Kerma Area Product) measurements. Specifically, the KAP values recorded were 2.46 and 0.56, while the standard for cardiac examinations is 0.25. For liver examinations, the measurements were 1.42 and 0.28, with a standard of 0.90. In cerebellum evaluations, KAP values of 0.54 and 0.29 were noted, compared to a standard of 0.40. Additionally, DAP measurements showed variations ranging from 70% to 1800% of the international standards for both heart and liver examinations. It became clear that equipment older than 10 years is a big problem, as spare parts were not manufactured, and measurement software was not installed properly. Other issues include not having optional units for evaluating and fixing image quality; quality control performance is made by the Nuclear Energy Agency of Mongolia just once a year; not accepting image processing, delivering, and printing systems.
Additional file 1 of Effects of receiving renal biopsy on the prognosis of chronic kidney disease patients with impaired renal function
Creators: name: Zhang, Tianyi
name: Yang, Xiaoqian
name: Zhang, Minfang
name: Zhou, Wenyan
name: Jin, Yan
name: Zhou, Hang
name: Zhou, Yin
name: Wang, Qin
name: Mou, Shan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Dihedral G-Hilb via representations of the McKay quiver
Creators: name: de Celis, Álvaro Nolla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a given small binary dihedral group G we use the classification of G-graphs to describe explicitly G-Hilb(C^2) by giving an affine open cover of M(Q,R), the moduli space of stable quiver representations.
description: Final version. Contains two examples and some pictures more than the version appearing in Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Ser. A
Topological Summary of W4W1
Creators: name: Keeney, Gavin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Intellectual Property
Philosophy of Art
Epistemology

description: A summary of questions posed in and across Phase One: “Useless Beauty” (2019-2021) of the ongoing Works for Works (W4W) project. Drawing upon OOI-MTA experiments in artistic scholarship across that two-year trajectory, the preliminary answers, which may also appear to some as paralogisms, suggest what is at stake in Phase Two: “No Rights” (2022-).
Localised soft modes and the supercooled liquid's irreversible passage through its configuration space
Creators: name: Widmer-Cooper, Asaph
name: Perry, Heidi
name: Harrowell, Peter
name: Reichman, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using computer simulations, we show that the localized low frequency normal modes of a configuration in a supercooled liquid are strongly correlated with the irreversible structural reorganization of the particles within that configuration. Establishing this correlation constitutes the identification of the aspect of a configuration that determines the heterogeneity of the subsequent motion. We demonstrate that the spatial distribution of the summation over the soft local modes can persist in spite of particle reorganization that produces significant changes in individual modes. Along with spatial localization, the persistent influence of soft modes in particle relaxation results in anisotropy in the displacements of mobile particles over the timescale referred to as beta relaxation.
description: 47 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Equivalence of channel-corrected T-matrix and anomalous propagator approach
Creators: name: Morawetz, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Any many-body approximation corrected for unphysical repeated collisions in a given condensation channel is shown to provide the same set of equations as they appear by using anomalous propagators. The ad-hoc assumption in the latter theory about non-conservation of particle numbers can be released. In this way the widespread used anomalous propagator approach is given another physical interpretation. A generalized Soven equation follows which improves any approximation in the same way as the coherent potential approximation (CPA) improves the averaged T-matrix for impurity scattering.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, misprints corrected
MPEC 2024-C85 : 2024 BK3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
On the Baryon Fractions in Clusters and Groups of Galaxies
Creators: name: Dai, Xinyu
name: Bregman, Joel N.
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Rasia, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the baryon fractions of 2MASS groups and clusters as a function of cluster richness using total and gas masses measured from stacked ROSAT X-ray data and stellar masses estimated from the infrared galaxy catalogs. We detect X-ray emission even in the outskirts of clusters, beyond r_200 for richness classes with X-ray temperatures above 1 keV. This enables us to more accurately determine the total gas mass in these groups and clusters. We find that the optically selected groups and clusters have flatter temperature profiles and higher stellar-to-gas mass ratios than the individually studied, X-ray bright clusters. We also find that the stellar mass in poor groups with temperatures below 1 keV is comparable to the gas mass in these systems. Combining these results with individual measurements for clusters, groups, and galaxies from the literature, we find a break in the baryon fraction at ~1 keV. Above this temperature, the baryon fraction scales with temperature as f_b \propto T^0.20\pm0.03. We see significantly smaller baryon fractions below this temperature, and the baryon fraction of poor groups joins smoothly onto that of systems with still shallower potential wells such as normal and dwarf galaxies where the baryon fraction scales with the inferred velocity dispersion as f_b \propto σ^1.6. The small scatter in the baryon fraction at any given potential well depth favors a universal baryon loss mechanism and a preheating model for the baryon loss. The scatter is, however, larger for less massive systems. Finally, we note that although the broken power-law relation can be inferred from data points in the literature alone, the consistency between the baryon fractions for poor groups and massive galaxies inspires us to fit the two categories of objects (galaxies and clusters) with one relation.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, ApJ in press
Localization, anomalous diffusion and slow relaxations: a random distance matrix approach
Creators: name: Amir, Ariel
name: Oreg, Yuval
name: Imry, Yoseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectral properties of a class of random matrices where the matrix elements depend exponentially on the distance between uniformly and randomly distributed points. This model arises naturally in various physical contexts, such as the diffusion of particles, slow relaxations in glasses, and scalar phonon localization. Using a combination of a renormalization group procedure and a direct moment calculation, we find the eigenvalue distribution density (i.e., the spectrum) and the localization properties of the eigenmodes, for arbitrary dimension. Finally, we discuss the physical implications of the results.
Analysis of EMS-induced temperature-sensitive sterility mutants of the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Ayles, George Burton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Heterochromatin can be described cytologically as those chromosomes or parts of chromosomes which remain heteropycnotic, or dark staining, through most of the cell cycle. Genetically and biochemically heterochromatic regions generally seem to be inert and it has been suggested that many heterochromatic loci are duplicated several times. In micro-organisms, genetic and biochemical analyses have been greatly facilitated by the use of conditional lethals which survive under "permissive" conditions but die under "restrictive" conditions. Temperature-sensitive ethyl methanesulfonate-induced lethal mutations (such mutants result in survival at 22°C but death at 29°C) have previously been used in Drosophila melanogaster for preliminary studies of development. In the present study 8 temperature-sensitive (ts) sterile mutations (males are fertile at 22°C but sterile at 29°C) were induced on the Y chromosome of D. melanogaster. The ts mutants were mapped genetically on the long arm of the Y chromosome and they were found to involve a minimum of 4 different loci. The Y chromosome of D. melanogaster is entirely heterochromatic and it is necessary for male fertility but the exact function of the Y chromosome is uncertain. The recovery of point mutations (ethyl methanesulfonate-induced temperature-sensitive mutations are presumed to be point mutations) on the Y chromosome indicates that there are loci on the Y represented by a single copy. A determination of the specific developmental effects of the ts sterile mutations, was also attempted. By exposing mutant males to a 48 hour period under the restrictive conditions (29°C) and observing their fertility for several days, the stage in the production of mature sperm during which the ts mutants were having an effect, was determined.
Collective Flavor Oscillations Of Supernova Neutrinos and r-Process Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sovan
name: Choubey, Sandhya
name: Goswami, Srubabati
name: Kar, Kamales
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino-neutrino interactions inside core-collapse supernovae may give rise to collective flavor oscillations resulting in swap between flavors. These oscillations depend on the initial energy spectra, and relative fluxes or relative luminosities of the neutrinos. It has been observed that departure from energy equipartition among different flavors can give rise to one or more sharp spectral swap over energy, termed as splits. We study the occurrence of splits in the neutrino and antineutrino spectra, varying the initial relative fluxes for different models of initial energy spectrum, in both normal and inverted hierarchy. These initial relative flux variations give rise to several possible split patterns whereas variation over different models of energy spectra give similar results. We explore the effect of these spectral splits on the electron fraction, $Y_e$, that governs r-process nucleosynthesis inside supernovae. Since spectral splits modify the electron neutrino and antineutrino spectra in the region where r-process is postulated to happen, and since the pattern of spectral splits depends on the initial conditions of the spectra and the neutrino mass hierarchy, we show that the condition $Y_e < 0.5$ required for successful r-process nucleosynthesis will lead to constraints on the initial spectral conditions, for a given neutrino mass hierarchy.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures, added figure and improved discussion, result unchanged. Version matches to published version of JCAP
Finite simple groups with narrow prime spectrum
Creators: name: Zavarnitsine, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20D06, 20D60

description: We find the nonabelian finite simple groups with order prime divisors not exceeding 1000. More generally, we determine the sets of nonabelian finite simple groups whose maximal order prime divisor is a fixed prime less than 1000. Our results are based on calculations in the computer algebra system GAP.
eDNA metabarcoding revealed the seasonal and spatial variation of phytoplankton functional groups in the Chai river and their relationship with environmental factors
Creators: name: Lv, Jiacheng
name: Lin, Yuanyuan
name: Zhao, Zheng
name: Zhou, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding permits a new measurement to monitor biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. This study utilized eDNA metabarcoding to examine the seasonal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton and their relationship with environmental factors in the Chai River, Kunming, China, in the dry, and wet seasons. The process detected 108 genera of phytoplankton, which were members of 11 phyla, 41 orders, and 60 families. Distinct differences in seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of phytoplankton diversity, including community structure, α-diversity, and representative functional groups, were observed. In the dry season, Pseudanabaena, Microcystis, and Synechococcus were the predominant genera in Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta were predominant in the eukaryotic phytoplankton. While in the wet season, Cylindrospermopsis, Microcystis, and Planktothrix predominated in the Cyanophyta, and Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Xanthophyta predominated in the eukaryotic phytoplankton. Significant differences were shown by a principal coordinate analysis and PERMANOVA test among the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the phytoplankton communities except for the cyanobacterial community structure between the upper and lower reaches at the wet season (p > 0.05). The representative functional groups of phytoplankton varied from A, D, E, LM, L0, N, S1, MP, P, TB, TC, U, W0, W1, Xph, Y, and Z in the dry season to A, B, D, E, F, J, MP, LM, S1, SN, TC, P, W0, W1, X2, and Y in the wet season. Significant differences in the water temperature (WT), pH, chemical oxygen demand, oxygen consumed, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and chlorophyll a were exhibited between the dry and wet seasons (p < 0.05). In the dry season, WT, NO3-N, and pH had a substantial influence on the functional groups LM, N, and L0 of the cyanobacteria. The EC and total nitrogen (TN) had a substantial influence on the functional groups A and Y of the eukaryotic phytoplankton. In the wet season, the electrical conductivity (EC), TN, and dissolvable total phosphorus (DTP) primarily affected the functional groups LM and S1, while EC, DPI, and soluble reactive phosphorus had a substantial influence on the functional groups A and Y. This study provides insights on the conservation of phytoplankton diversity and healthy management of the Chai River.
Basic Hypergeometric Functions as Limits of Elliptic Hypergeometric Functions
Creators: name: van de Bult, Fokko
name: Rains, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe a uniform way of obtaining basic hypergeometric functions as limits of the elliptic beta integral. This description gives rise to the construction of a polytope with a different basic hypergeometric function attached to each face of this polytope. We can subsequently obtain various relations, such as transformations and three-term relations, of these functions by considering geometrical properties of this polytope. The most general functions we describe in this way are sums of two very-well-poised ${}_{10}ϕ_9$'s and their Nassrallah-Rahman type integral representation.
description: v3: Proposition 4.3 corrected
The electrochemical dissolution of galena
Creators: name: Brodie, John Buchan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The electrochemical oxidation and reduction of galena (PbS) was studied in aqueous solutions of perchloric acid between pH 0 and 4. The wide variation of rest potential as reported in the literature was explained on the basis of stoichiometric variations of this material as well as the activities of ionic and molecular species involved in the PbS equilibria. The stoichiometry of the anodic and cathodic reactions was determined to be primarily PbS ↦ Pb⁺⁺+ S° + 2e⁻ and PbS + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻↦ Pb° + H₂S respectively. The irreversibility of anodic oxidation to lead sulphate was observed, with no sulphate produced below about 0.7 to 1.0 volt, depending on the pH. Polarization experiments revealed that ohmic, concentration, and activation polarization effects all contributed to the non-equilibrium behavior of PbS. Reaction of Pb0₂ and MnO₂ with PbS was rapid and interpreted as a "galvanic" effect, relying on the conductivity of the reactants as a necessary condition for its success.
Astrophysical Measurement of the Equation of State of Neutron Star Matter
Creators: name: Ozel, Feryal
name: Baym, Gordon
name: Guver, Tolga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first astrophysical measurement of the pressure of cold matter above nuclear saturation density, based on recently determined masses and radii of three neutron stars. The pressure at higher densities are below the predictions of equations of state that account only for nucleonic degrees of freedom, and thus present a challenge to the microscopic theory of neutron star matter.
description: replaced with the published version
State Measures for the Relief of Agricultural Indebtedness in the United States, 1933 and 1934
Creators: name: Olcott, Margaret T.
name: Bercaw, Louise O.
name: Olcott, Margaret T.
name: Bercaw, Louise O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1934
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance

description: Excerpts from the Introduction: This compilation supplement's Agricultural Economics Bibliography No. 45 published in March 1933 with the title State Measures for the Relief of Agricultural Indebtedness in the United States, 1932 and 1933. The measures included are those providing mortgage and tax sale moratoria; regulating deficiency judgments; regulating the foreclosure procedure for the benefit of the mortgagee; providing for installment payment of taxes with lower interest and penalties for delinquency; providing for extension, of time and easier terms for redemption of property sold for taxes; in fact, any measures which tend to keep the farmer from losing his real estate through mortgage foreclosure or tax sale. It does not include legislation providing additional credit for farmers. In making the extracts from the laws an attempt has been made to quote the, sections which are pertinent without quoting the sections dealing with the official procedure and records, such as the form of notice, or the methods of making certificates of sale. The actual statutes of the States have been checked for the 1933 and 1934 regular and special sessions so far as they wore available in the U.S. Department of Agriculture and in the Library of Congress up to June 1, 1934. Where the actual laws were not available news items have been quoted indicating the legislation proposed or enacted. Notes of court decisions on the constitutionality of the measures have been added whenever found.
Galaxy Mergers with Adaptive Mesh Refinement: Star Formation and Hot Gas Outflow
Creators: name: Kim, Ji-hoon
name: Wise, John H.
name: Abel, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In hierarchical structure formation, merging of galaxies is frequent and known to dramatically affect their properties. To comprehend these interactions high-resolution simulations are indispensable because of the nonlinear coupling between pc and Mpc scales. To this end, we present the first adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulation of two merging, low mass, initially gas-rich galaxies (1.8e10 Ms each), including star formation and feedback. With galaxies resolved by ~2e7 total computational elements, we achieve unprecedented resolution of the multiphase interstellar medium, finding a widespread starburst in the merging galaxies via shock-induced star formation. The high dynamic range of AMR also allows us to follow the interplay between the galaxies and their embedding medium depicting how galactic outflows and a hot metal-rich halo form. These results demonstrate that AMR provides a powerful tool in understanding interacting galaxies.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, Image resolution greatly reduced, High-resolution version of this article and movies are available at http://www.jihoonkim.org/index/research.html#merger
Protoplanetary Disk Winds by Magnetorotational Instability : Formation of an Inner Hole and a Crucial Assist for Planet Formation
Creators: name: Suzuki, Takeru K.
name: Muto, Takayuki
name: Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By constructing a global model based on 3D local magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations, we show that the disk wind driven by magnetorotational instability (MRI) plays a significant role in the dispersal of the gas component of proto-planetary disks. Because the mass loss time scale by the MRI-driven disk winds is proportional to the local Keplerian rotation period, a gas disk dynamically evaporates from the inner region with possibly creating a gradually expanding inner hole, while a sizable amount of the gas remains in the outer region. The disk wind is highly time-dependent with quasi-periodicity of several times Keplerian rotation period at each radius, which will be observed as time-variability of protostar-protoplanetary disk systems. These features persistently hold even if a dead zone exists because the disk winds are driven from the surface regions where ionizing cosmic rays and high energy photons can penetrate. Moreover, the predicted inside-out clearing significantly suppresses the infall of boulders to a central star and the Type I migration of proto-planets which are favorable for the formation and survival of planets.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures embedded, comments welcome, ApJ in press, The resolution of figures are reduced. The original version is at http://www.ta.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp/stakeru/paper/paper_dspppds200916.pdf
Ultracool Subdwarfs: The Halo Population Down to the Substellar Limit
Creators: name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Lepine, Sebastien
name: Lodieu, Nicolas
name: Scholz, Ralf-Dieter
name: Delorme, Phillippe
name: Jao, Wei-Chun
name: Swift, Brandon J.
name: Cushing, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracool subdwarfs are low luminosity, late-type M and L dwarfs that exhibit spectroscopic indications of subsolar metallicity and halo kinematics. Their recent discovery and ongoing investigation have led to new insights into the role of metallicity in the opacity structure, chemistry (e.g. dust formation) and evolution of low-temperature atmospheres; the long-term evolution of magnetic activity and angular momentum amongst the lowest-mass stars; the form of the halo luminosity and mass functions down to the hydrogen-burning mass limit; and even fundamental issues such as spectral classification and absolute brightness scales. This Splinter Session was devoted to bringing advances in observational and theoretical ultracool subdwarf research to the attention of the low-mass stellar and brown dwarf communities, as well as to share results among ultracool subdwarf enthusiasts.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Splinter Session contribution for Cool Stars 15 (AIP formatting)
Historical synopsis of the concept of literacy.
Creators: name: Hooley, Agnes
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study analyzes the concepts of literacy that have prevailed at different periods of history. These concepts must be seen in terms of the content and distribution of education that was considered adequate at any given period. The art of writing, consequently the notion of literacy, developed with the appearance of cities. Literacy is essential for the maintenance and continued functioning of the interdependent social and economic relationships that form the basis of city life. An historical survey shows that concepts of literacy change as the socio-economic needs of society change. Over the centuries literacy has been seen principally in terms of its usefulness in furthering the economic system and/or maintaining the social structure of the times. Changes of an economic nature, usually the result of technical or scientific innovation, have been the main factor in bringing about changes in educational needs. Over time, the concept of literacy has been work-oriented in that literacy has been a tool essential to daily commerce. At certain periods, to help maintain, social stability, literacy has been perceived as serving religious or moral purposes. The most significant changes regarding the concept of literacy have occurred during the twentieth century, reflecting the intensity of industrialization and urbanization in a world in which two outstanding characteristics are mass literacy and increasingly higher levels of literacy. The appearance of these phenomena is due to the change from an agricultural to an urban, industrial way of life.
Unpublished reports and translations
Creators: name: Gennai, Jacopo
Publisher: name: DARIAH-DE
Year: 2023
Subjects: Archaeology
Neanderthals
Mousterian
Grant agreement ID: 101061427

description: all relevant preserved text sources (in Italian) illustrating research history in the Buca della Iena, Grotta del Capriolo and Buca della Iena. a transcription and a English translation is provided in a single file
Nonexistence of invariant symmetric forms on generalized Jacobson-Witt algebras revisited
Creators: name: Zusmanovich, Pasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B50, 17B55, 17B60, 17B66

description: We provide a short alternative homological argument showing that any invariant symmetric bilinear form on simple modular generalized Jacobson-Witt algebras vanishes, and outline another, deformation-theoretic one, allowing to describe such forms on simple modular Lie algebras of contact type.
description: v4: the title synced with the published version
Modular abelian varieties over number fields
Creators: name: Guitart, Xavier
name: Quer, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F11, 11G18

description: The main result of this paper is a characterization of the abelian varieties $B/K$ defined over Galois number fields with the property that the zeta function $L(B/K;s)$ is equivalent to the product of zeta functions of non-CM newforms for congruence subgroups $Γ_1(N)$. The characterization involves the structure of End(B), isogenies between the Galois conjugates of $B$, and a Galois cohomology class attached to $B/K$. We call the varieties having this property strongly modular. The last section is devoted to the study of a family of abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication. As an illustration of the ways in which the general results of the paper can be applied we prove the strong modularity of some particular abelian surfaces belonging to that family, we show how to find nontrivial examples of strongly modular varieties by twisting, and prove the existence of strongly modular surfaces satisfying certain properties.
description: Revised version (some parts rewritten and some typos fixed)
Stirring by swimming bodies
Creators: name: Thiffeault, Jean-Luc
name: Childress, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the stirring of an inviscid fluid caused by the locomotion of bodies through it. The swimmers are approximated by non-interacting cylinders or spheres moving steadily along straight lines. We find the displacement of fluid particles caused by the nearby passage of a swimmer as a function of an impact parameter. We use this to compute the effective diffusion coefficient from the random walk of a fluid particle under the influence of a distribution of swimming bodies. We compare with the results of simulations. For typical sizes, densities and swimming velocities of schools of krill, the effective diffusivity in this model is five times the thermal diffusivity. However, we estimate that viscosity increases this value by two orders of magnitude.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. PDFLaTeX with RevTeX 4 macros. Final version
Clouds, Brightening and Multiplicity Across the L Dwarf/T Dwarf Transition
Creators: name: Burgasser, Adam J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition between the two lowest-luminosity spectral classes of brown dwarfs--the L dwarfs and T dwarfs--is traversed by nearly all brown dwarfs as they cool over time. Yet distinct features of this transition, such as the "J-band bump" and an unusually high rate of multiplicity, remain outstanding problems, although evidence points to condensate cloud evolution as a critical component. Using a Monte Carlo population simulation that incorporates the empirical spectral properties of unresolved brown dwarfs in magnitude-limited samples, I demonstrate that the J-band bump and enhanced multiplicity naturally emerge from a short timescale of photospheric cloud dissipation. This timescale may help constrain future evolutionary models exploring the cloud dissipation process.
description: 4 pages, 9 figures, contribution to Cool Stars 15 (AIP format)
Nonplanar Chiral Metamaterials with Negative Index
Creators: name: Wang, Bingnan
name: Zhou, Jiangfeng
name: Koschny, Thomas
name: Soukoulis, Costas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that nonplanar chiral metamaterials give giant optical activity, circular dichroism, and negative refractive index. The transmission, reflection, and the retrieval results of the experiments agree pretty well with the simulations. This is an important step toward the design and fabrication of three-dimensional isotropic chiral metamaterials.
description: 3 pages 4 figures
Holomorphic curves in exploded manifolds: regularity
Creators: name: Parker, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J99

description: The category of exploded manifolds is an extension of the category of smooth manifolds related to tropical geometry in which some adiabatic limits appear as smooth families. This paper studies the dbar equation on variations of a given family of curves in an exploded manifold. Roughly, we prove that the dbar equation on variations of an exploded family of curves behaves as nicely as the dbar equation on variations of a smooth family of smooth curves, even though exploded families of curves allow the development of normal crossing or log smooth singularities. The resulting regularity results are used in a series of separate papers to construct Gromov Witten invariants for exploded manifolds.
description: 52 pages. v2: The construction of Gromov Witten invariants has been removed to another paper. v3: rewritten introduction, improved exposition. v4, v5: improved exposition v6, v7: Minor improvements and some expanded explanations, (including weakened hypothesis for Proposition 3.11), as suggested by an anonymous referee of a different paper. Final version to appear in Geometry and Topology
Proper actions on topological groups: Applications to quotient spaces
Creators: name: Antonyan, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A05, 54H11

description: Let X be a Hausdorff topological group and G a locally compact subgroup of X. We show that the natural action of G on X is proper in the sense of R. Palais. This is applied to prove that there exists a closed set F of X such that FG=X and the restriction of the quotient projection X -> X/G to F is a perfect map F -> X/G. This is a key result to prove that many topological properties (among them, paracompactness and normality) are transferred from X to ferred from X/G to X. Yet another application leads to the inequality dim X<= dim X/G + dim G for every paracompact group X and its locally compact subgroup G.
description: In the proof of Proposition 3.1 of the previous version there is a small gap. To correct the gap, at the end of the proof (now Proposition 3.2) one should just reference to a newly added Lemma 3.1 for the fact that Ux is a G-small set. Results unchanged. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1103.1407
Conductive and convective heat transfer with radiant heat flux boundary conditions
Creators: name: Sikka, Satish
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Some conductive and convective heat transfer problems with radiative boundary conditions are analysed theoretically. Three specific problems have been analysed. The study has, therefore, been divided into three parts. In Part I the temperature distribution produced in-long, solid circular and rectangular cylinders and a solid sphere in interplanetary space is studied. The solid bodies receive parallel radiation flux on one side and emanate radiant energy to their surroundings at zero degree Rankine. Steady state, constant physical and surface properties, and no heat loss by convection are assumed. Solution of the linear conduction equation with nonlinear boundary conditions is obtained by two approximate, semi-analytical methods, (i) point matching and (ii) least-squares fitting. The results are compared with earlier results obtained by a variational method. The least-squares fit method appears to be most suitable regarding accuracy and simplicity in computation. Its accuracy does not appear to depend appreciably either on the radiation-conduction parameter or on the surface absorptivity. The effect of semi-grayness of the receiving surface is analysed. In Part II the heat transfer characteristics of a circular fin dissipating heat from its surface by convection and radiation are analysed. The temperature is assumed uniform along the base of the fin and constant physical and surface properties are assumed. There is radiant interaction between the fin and its base. Two separate situations are considered. In the first situation heat transfer from the end of the fin is neglected. Solution of the linear conduction equation with nonlinear boundary conditions has been obtained by the least-squares fit method. A solution has also been obtained by the finite difference method and the results compared. Results are presented for a wide range of environmental conditions and physical and surface properties of the fin. In the second situation heat transfer from the end of the fin is also included in the analysis. The solution is obtained by a finite difference procedure. It is shown that neglecting heat transfer from the end is a good approximation for long fins or for fins of high thermal conductivity material. In Part III the problem of laminar heat transfer in a circular tube under radiant heat flux boundary conditions has been analysed. Fully developed velocity profile is assumed and the tube is considered stationary. A steady radiant energy flux is being incident on one half of the tube circumference while the fluid emanates heat through the wall on all sides by radiation to a zero degree temperature environment. A solution by finite difference procedure has been obtained. The temperature distribution and the Nusselt number variation are presented for a wide range of the governing physical parameters.
Asperity characteristics of the Olami-Feder-Christensen model of earthquakes
Creators: name: Kawamura, Hikaru
name: Yamamoto, Takumi
name: Kotani, Takeshi
name: Yoshino, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of the Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) model of earthquakes are studied by numerical simulations. The previous study indicated that the model exhibits ``asperity''-like phenomena, {\it i.e.}, the same region ruptures many times near periodically [T.Kotani {\it et al}, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 77}, 010102 (2008)]. Such periodic or characteristic features apparently coexist with power-law-like critical features, {\it e.g.}, the Gutenberg-Richter law observed in the size distribution. In order to clarify the origin and the nature of the asperity-like phenomena, we investigate here the properties of the OFC model with emphasis on its stress distribution. It is found that the asperity formation is accompanied by self-organization of the highly concentrated stress state. Such stress organization naturally provides the mechanism underlying our observation that a series of asperity events repeat with a common epicenter site and with a common period solely determined by the transmission parameter of the model. Asperity events tend to cluster both in time and in space.
Promoting Your Language on Social Media
Creators: name: Firth-Hagen, Jacey
name: Fanene, William
name: Okon, Ben
name: Elliot, Robert
name: Mufwene, Salikoko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Language Maintenance
Language Revitalisation
Endangered Languages
Social Media

description: Note: This talk has not gone through a process of peer review, and findings should therefore be treated as preliminary and subject to change. SOAS Linguistics Webinar
 Tuesday 29 September 2020 Jacey Firth-Hagen promotes the Gwich’in language (Athabascan) using #speakGwichintome across several platforms such as Instragram (@speakGwichintome), Twitter (@SpeakGwichin) and Facebook (Gwich’in Language Revival Campaign). William Fanene promotes the Samoan language (Polynesian) on Instagram (@amuuso) and through the website: matousamoa.com Ben Okon promotes the Efik language (Cross River) on Twitter (@BenOkon11) and Facebook. Robert Elliot is associate director of the Northwest Indian Language Institute (NILI) at the University of Oregon where he partners with numerous tribes in the Pacific Northwest and beyond on indigenous language revitalization. Salikoko Mufwene is the Frank J. McLoraine Distinguished Service Professor of Linguistics and the College at the University of Chicago. His research is in evolutionary linguistics, which he approaches from an ecological perspective. Abstract: Most languages in the world are being spoken by fewer and fewer people, and the prevalence of English and other major world languages on the internet may be further boosting this trend. However, the internet is also being used to promote linguistic diversity. In this panel discussion, three language activists will share what motivates them to promote their languages (Gwich’in, Samoan and Efik) on social media, and what impact they have seen through their efforts. Two respondents, Robert Elliot and Salikoko Mufwene, will share their perspectives on how language activism via social media can be made as effective as possible.
Gram et al, Supplementary data
Creators: name: Gram, Martin
name: Rowlands, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111103 Nutritional Physiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 30406 Proteins and Peptides
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Supplementary methods
title: Family, domestic and sexual violence service responses in the time of COVID-19
Creators: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Publisher: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Year: 2021

description:
Family, domestic and sexual violence is a major health and welfare issue. It affects people of all ages and from all backgrounds, but mainly women and children. This report brings together a range of sources to report a core set of data in an interactive format, and summarise changes in measures of family, domestic and sexual violence over time. It complements the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare‘s Family, domestic and sexual violence in Australia report series. Future releases will include data for new measures and updated data for existing measures.
Study of the process e+e-\to μ+μ- in the energy region \sqrt{s}=980, 1040 -- 1380 MeV
Creators: name: Achasov, M. N.
name: Aulchenko, V. M.
name: Beloborodov, K. I.
name: Berdyugin, A. V.
name: Bogdanchikov, A. G.
name: Bukin, A. D.
name: Bukin, D. A.
name: Dimova, T. V.
name: Druzhinin, V. P.
name: Golubev, V. B.
name: Koop, I. A.
name: Korol, A. A.
name: Koshuba, S. V.
name: Lysenko, A. P.
name: Pakhtusova, E. V.
name: Perevedentsev, E. A.
name: Serednyakov, S. I.
name: Shatunov, Yu. M.
name: Silagadze, Z. K.
name: Skrinsky, A. N.
name: Tikhonov, Yu. A.
name: Vasiljev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross section of the process e+e-\toμ+μ- was measured in the SND experiment at the VEPP-2M e+e- collider in the energy region \sqrt{s}=980, 1040 -- 1380 MeV. The event numbers of the process e+e-\toμ+μ- were normalized to the integrated luminosity measured using e+e-\to e+e- and e+e-\toγγprocesses. The ratio of the measured cross section to the theoretically predicted value is 1.006\pm 0.007 \pm 0.016 and 1.005 \pm 0.007 \pm 0.018 in the first and second case respectively. Using results of the measurements, the electromagnetic running coupling constant αin the energy region \sqrt{s}=1040 -- 1380 MeV was obtained <1/α> = 134.1\pm 0.5 \pm 1.2 and this is in agreement with theoretical expectation.
description: 29 pages, 23 figures
Fluid-solid transition in hard hyper-sphere systems
Creators: name: Estrada, C. D.
name: Robles, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a numerical study, based on molecular dynamics simulations, to estimate the freezing point of hard spheres and hypersphere systems in dimension D = 4, 5, 6 and 7. We have studied the changes of the Radial Distribution Function (RDF) as a function of density in the coexistence region. We started our simulations from crystalline states with densities above the melting point, and moved down to densities in the liquid state below the freezing point. For all the examined dimensions (including D = 3) it was observed that the height of the first minimum of the RDF changes in an almost continuous way around the freezing density and resembles a second order phase transition. With these results we propose a numerical method to estimate the freezing point as a function of the dimension D using numerical fits and semiempirical approaches. We find that the estimated values of the freezing point are very close to previously reported values from simulations and theoretical approaches up to D = 6 reinforcing the validity of the proposed method. This was also applied to numerical simulations for D = 7 giving new estimations of the freezing point for this dimensionality.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures