cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
RETAIL SALES: DO THEY MEAN REDUCED EXPENDITURES? GERMAN GROCERY EVIDENCE
Creators: name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Weaver, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Retail pricing strategies incorporate promotions, sales, and rigidities. A number of models have been proposed in particular to explain the occurrence of sales. Focussing on the market for fresh foods the model by Varian and the loss leader argument seem to be intuitively best fitting to the conditions in the fresh food market. From these models we derive several hypotheses that are tested for a unique data set of the German fresh food retail market. The data set consists of weekly prices for ten food items in 131 grocery shops over the period from 1995 to 2000. Following Varian sales should lead to reduced expenditures, while the loss leader argument assumes that consumers are lured into the shop by promotional sales which are covered by higher prices for other products. The results indicate that expenditures decrease with the number of sales in the short run but this effect is outweighed by a dynamic price adjustment thereafter.
Estimates on Green functions of second order differential operators with singular coefficients
Creators: name: Haba, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Green functions G(x,x^{\prime}) of some second order differential operators on R^{d+1} with singular coefficients depending only on one coordinate x_{0}. We express the Green functions by means of the Brownian motion. Applying probabilistic methods we prove that when x=(0,{\bf x}) and x^{\prime}=(0,{\bf x}^{\prime}) (here x_{0}=0) lie on the singular hyperplanes then G(0,{\bf x};0,{\bf x}^{\prime}) is more regular than the Green function of operators with regular coefficients.
description: 16 pages
Altruistic Economics: Why this is a Sound Alternative to Neo-Classical Economic
Creators: name: Park, Daniel Hun-Min
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neo-classical economic analysis, along with almost all game theory, has treated economic gain as the primary human motives for centuries. However, the predictions and models derived from this assumption of rational selfishness towards economic gain have failed in many contexts, and more economists are realizing that a well-functioning economy cannot rely only on self-interest, but also requires cooperation and altruistic behaviors that benefits people’s wellbeing as a whole. Compiling different ideas, theories, and results of experimental designs through in-depth research, this paper will introduce altruism in terms of evolutional biology and behavioral economics and discuss what altruistic system of economics is, how it works, and why this may be a sound alternative to the current system of economics that are based on capitalism and money system.
A CASE AGAINST THE SIMULTANEOUS USE OF MARKET ACCESS RESTRICTIONS, DOMESTIC SUPPORT, AND EXPORT SUBSIDIES
Creators: name: Garcia, Roberto J.
name: Garcia, Roberto J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Norway
subject: meat
subject: market access limitations
subject: domestic support
subject: export subsidies

description: The Uruguay Round of GATT introduced market disciplines to international trade in agricultural commodities. However, in cases where countries negotiated the right to limit market access, support domestic production at high levels and subsidize exports, the spirit of the WTO rules have been violated. The Norwegian meat market (beef, pork, lamb and mutton, and chicken) situations are studied in terms of the policy implications and WTO commitments. If Norway's policy objective is to target some level of production that satisfies its non-trade concerns, then semi-decoupled income support could be an improvement over a policy mix that simultaneously restricts market access, provides domestic support and applies export subsidies.
Predicting bank failures by using banking performance and condition ratios
Creators: name: Karagoz, Utku
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140207 Financial Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods

description: I analyze the relationship between bank failures that occur in the financial sector and the banking performance and condition ratios. The performance ratio that I chose to use in my analysis is the return on equity and the condition ratios are the capital adequacy ratio, the leverage ratio and the loan-deposit ratio. To achieve this goal, I use Estrella's model (2000) as my main framework and observe the banking sector over the recent credit crisis. I apply logit regression analysis to see if making predictions about future bank failures is possible with the available past data. In the regression analysis, I use both three-factor models and single factor models to assess the efficiency of more previously collected data. In order to see the motivators behind the banking firms' decisions, I also apply correlation tests between each performance and condition ratio.
MATERIALS BALANCE BASED MODELLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY
Creators: name: Lauwers, Ludwig H.
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Lauwers, Ludwig H.
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A new method for analysing environmental efficiency, based on the materials balance, is proposed. With this method, an environmental allocative efficiency measure can be defined analogously to the more commonly used economic allocative efficiency. Nutrient surplus in pig fattening, a typical balance indicator, is used to illustrate the concept in a two input - one output case. The materials balance based efficiency analysis is elaborated using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Results are compared with those of more common, merely input or output oriented DEA approaches. A main conclusion is that, ignoring the balance feature of environmental issues such as nutrient surplus might be a main reason why traditional integral analyses of economic and environmental efficiency yield contradictory conclusions.
Distance-based phylogenetic inference from typing data: a unifying view
Creators: name: Vaz, Cátia
name: Nascimento, Marta
name: Carriço, João A.
name: Rocher, Tatiana
name: Francisco, Alexandre P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Typing methods are widely used in the surveillance of infectious diseases, outbreaks investigation and studies of the natural history of an infection. And their use is becoming standard, in particular with the introduction of High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). On the other hand, the data being generated is massive and many algorithms have been proposed for phylogenetic analysis of typing data, addressing both correctness and scalability issues. Most of the distance-based algorithms for inferring phylogenetic trees follow the closest-pair joining scheme. This is one of the approaches used in hierarchical clustering. And although phylogenetic inference algorithms may seem rather different, the main difference among them resides on how one defines cluster proximity and on which optimization criterion is used. Both cluster proximity and optimization criteria rely often on a model of evolution. In this work we review, and we provide an unified view of these algorithms. This is an important step not only to better understand such algorithms, but also to identify possible computational bottlenecks and improvements, important to deal with large data sets.
Review of COVID-19 and Gender research in LMICs.
Creators: name: Raj, Anita
name: Anvita Dixit
name: Nabamallika Dehingia
name: Lotus McDougal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 169901 Gender Specific Studies
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Review empirical, quantitative research on gender and COVID-19, with a focus on the social, economic and health impacts of the pandemic and spread containment responses in LMIC contexts (emphasis on East Africa and South Asia). Search criteria will focus across the following five areas: Women and Girls' Health and Health Providers, Gender Norms and Gendered Social Outcomes, Economic Impacts, Women's Leadership, and Women's Collectives.
Decoherence of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs in a noisy Andreev entangler
Creators: name: Dupont, Emilie
name: Hur, Karyn Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quantum noise effect on the transportation of nonlocal Cooper pairs accross the realistic Andreev entangler which consists of an s-wave superconductor coupled to two small quantum dots at resonance which themselves are coupled to normal leads. The noise emerges due to voltage fluctuations felt by the electrons residing on the two dots as a result of the finite resistances in the gate leads or of any resistive lead capacitively coupled to the dots. In the ideal noiseless case, the setup provides a trustable source of mobile and nonlocal spin-entangled electrons and the transport is dominated by a two-particle Breit-Wigner resonance that allows the injection of two spin-entangled electrons into different leads at the same energy [P. Recher, E. V. Sukhorukov, and D. Loss, Phys. Rev. B 63, 165314 (2001)]. We seek to revisit the transport of those nonlocal Cooper pairs as well as the efficiency of such an Andreev entangler when including the quantum noise (decoherence).
description: 15 pages and 6 figures; final version to appear in Physical Review B
Community reflections in the House of Mirrors Pilot Project
Creators: name: Coutts, Lara Marlaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Researchers have identified the need to explore the context in which disordered eating is a reasonable response to violence and socio-cultural expectations, and the need for prevention programs that link fat phobia with other forms of oppression (Burstow, 1992; Herman, 1997; Orbach, 1994; Piran, 1999; Sesan, 1994; Steiner-Adair, 1994, Thompson, 1992). To date, the House of Mirrors Community Development Pilot Project (the "HOM") is the only community-based program in Canada that addresses these issues. The HOM is a visual arts installation of twenty-six full-length mirrors onto which women, girls and artists of various cultures, ages, and body types portrayed how violence and fat phobia have impacted their lives. The purpose of this multiple method study was to assess the efficacy of the HOM as a facilitator of working relationships between the health, business, art, and education sectors in Campbell River, B.C. The process was documented in two focus group interviews with five members of the HOM Subcommittee and in a survey of the HOM subcommittee and the Eating Disorder Program Advisory Committee. Evaluating the project's effectiveness distinguished different levels of community involvement as connections, relationships, and partnerships. The evaluation highlights differences between prevention and community development initiatives and the need for an emphasis on partnership building in social work. This knowledge will be used to inform future policy and practice decisions.
Examining Causes of Delay in State Court Level Civil Trials
Creators: name: Hon Ming Quek
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140213 Public Economics- Public Choice
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods

description: The project seeks to examine the causes of delay in civil justice cases prosecuted in state courts. Prior research in this area has attributed delay to local conditions specific to the places where the trials are held. In this study, data about county characteristics are included to test that hypothesis. Further, specific aspects of court cases and county characteristics are examined to build a model that estimates the disposition time of civil cases.
"Über-Kirche" und ökumenische Bewegung
Creators: name: Visser 'T Hooft, Hendrik Philip
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 7 Nr. 4 (1958): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 7, Heft 4
Dipolar localization of waves in twisted phononic crystal plates
Creators: name: Torrent, Dani
name: Martí-Sabaté, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The localization of waves in two-dimensional clusters of scatterers arranged in relatively twisted lattices is studied by multiple scattering theory. It is found that, for a given frequency, it is always possible to find localized modes for a discrete set of rotation angles, analogous to the so-called "magic angles" recently found in two-dimensional materials like graphene. Similarly, for small rotations of the lattices, a large number of resonant frequencies is found, whose position strongly depends on the rotation angle. Moreover, for angles close to those that make the two lattices commensurable a single mode appears that can be easily tuned by the rotation angle. Unlike other twisted materials, where the properties of the bilayers are mainly explained in terms of the dispersion relation of the individual lattices, the special angles in these clusters happen because of the formation of dipolar scatterers due to the relative rotation between the two lattices, enhancing therefore their interaction. While the presented results are valid for any type of wave, the specific case of flexural waves in thin elastic plates is numerically studied, and the different modes found are comprehensively explained in terms of the interaction between pairs of scatterers. The analysis presented here shows that these structures are promising candidates for the inverse design of tunable wave-trapping devices for classical waves.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN COLOMBIAN RURAL AGRO-ENTERPRISES
Creators: name: Johnson, Nancy L.
name: Suarez, Ruth
name: Lundy, Mark
name: Johnson, Nancy L.
name: Suarez, Ruth
name: Lundy, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: social capital
subject: agro-industry
subject: rural development
subject: mixed methods
subject: Colombia

description: This paper characterizes and measures the contribution of social capital to the performance of 50 agro-enterprises in Colombia. Using qualitative analysis we document the functions that social capital performs within firms. To estimate social capital's contribution to firm structure and performance, quantitative indicators of firm-level use of social capital are developed based on the number and strength of external relationships that firms maintain. Econometric analysis finds that firm-level returns to relationships are positive and higher than to physical or human capital. The results suggests that while firms can increase their economic performance by investing in social capital, ameliorating the effects of the market failures that lead to use of social relations for business purposes could also improve both equity and efficiency.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Haidinger, Wilhelm Von
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1850

description: Oversender en bok
description: Dato på brev er 1847. Polydoc nr. 1: 3591. Polydoc nr. 2: 2722.
คำ วลี ประโยค
Creators: name: นววรรณ พันธุเมธา
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2003
Subjects: -

description: วรรณวิทัศน์, 3, พฤศจิกายน, 191-197
Slavnov-Taylor parameterization of Yang-Mills theory with massive fermions in the presence of singlet axial-vector currents
Creators: name: Quadri, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the all-order restoration of the Slavnov-Taylor (ST) identities for Yang-Mills theory with massive fermions in the presence of singlet axial-vector currents. By making use of the ST parameterization of the symmetric quantum effective action a natural set of normalization conditions is derived allowing to reduce the algebraic complexity of higher orders ST identities up to a homogeneous linear problem. Explicit formulas for the action-like part of the symmetric vertex functional are given to all orders in the loop expansion.
description: Latex, 30 pages. Final version published in the journal
Responses to Industry Concentration by Small- and Medium Sized Fruit and Vegetable Wholesalers
Creators: name: Hinson, Roger A.
name: Hinson, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Small- and medium-sized enterprises handling fruits and vegetables are disadvantaged by increasing concentration within the production-to-retailer chain. Retail grocer chains have become larger partly in response to the entry of mass merchandisers into food retailing. Shipper firms are expanding to provide the length of season and broad product lines expected by large retailers. The development of electronic hardware and software designed to enhance customer service and reduce logistics costs is expensive and, some argue, difficult to implement. Research on impacts on and responses by produce supply-chain wholesale and distribution firms is reviewed as a basis to understand the future of these and similar firms.
Ground state wave function and energy of the lithium atom
Creators: name: Puchalski, Mariusz
name: Pachucki, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly accurate nonrelativistic ground-state wave function and energy of the lithium atom is obtained in the Hylleraas basis set. The leading relativistic corrections,as represented by Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian, are obtained in fair agreement with the former results. The calculational method is based on the analytical evaluation of Hylleraas integrals with the help of recursion relations.
Store-Level Retail Fruit Demand: Lessons from Omitted Variables
Creators: name: Johnson, Aaron J.
name: McFetridge, Marc V.
name: Durham, Catherine A.
name: Johnson, Aaron J.
name: McFetridge, Marc V.
name: Durham, Catherine A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This study examines how marketing strategies of produce managers affect consumer expenditures for fresh fruit. A non-linear Almost Ideal Demand System was used to model the share equations for Gala apples, Fuji apples, Red Delicious apples, other sweet apples, tart apples, pears, bananas, and oranges. Seventy-nine weeks of data on weekly store sales were collected from two grocery stores in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. The objective of this paper is to discuss those variables that were examined but found to be insignificant in the demand model. Those variables include displays, traffic flow, in-store specials, Food Alliance labeling and signage, lagged prices and advertisements, damage-quality measure, incorrect use of inserts and advertisements, nutritional/health information, and the availability of a smaller product. Reasons for the exclusion of these variables and the lessons learned are discussed.
Modeling the Price Dynamics of Catastrophe Bonds
Creators: name: D. Scott Taylor
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150201 Finance
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140207 Financial Economics

description:
Catastrophe bonds, whose payoffs to investors are tied to the occurrence of natural disasters, provide primary insurers and reinsurers a mechanism by which they can securitize and transfer some of their residual risk to capital markets. We note that catastrophe bonds can be very attractive to investors as they provide the unique opportunity to improve a portfolio managers allocation by offering them an instrument that has both an attractive return and low covariability with financial markets. While catastrophe bonds are theoretically attractive, they have remained marginal relative to tranditional reinsurance. This paper proposes that a possible explanation for this marginality can be attributed to the lack of discussion about the pricing and valuation of these instruments in a public forum. We hope that this paper, which draws parallels between the modeling of defaultable bonds in a reduced-form setting and the pricing of catastrophe bonds, can serve as a springboard for future research in the insurance linked securities space.
O'QUVCHІLARІNІNG MANTIQIY TAFAKKURINING PEDAGOGІK JІHATLARІ
Creators: name: Shamuratova, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: O’quvchіlarda mantiqiy tafakkurini rіvojlantіrіshnіng asosіy masalalarі quyіdagіlardan іborat: o’quvchіlarda mantiqiy tafakkurini rіvojlantіrіsh darajasі nuqtaі-nazarіdan akademik litseylar uchun shartlі rejasіnі asoslash, yo’llarі va shartlarіnі іshlab chіqіsh, ushbu shakllantіrіshnі ta’mіnlovchі uslubіy ko’rsatmalarnі berіsh.
Transition in Tofino and Ucluelet : using indicators to become more sustainable
Creators: name: Bailey, Richard James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Many small communities in British Columbia are dramatically affected by economic transition. This project discusses how two communities, Tofino and Ucluelet, have responded to transition and how indicators can lead to a more sustainable future. While the communities share several similar biophysical and geographical traits, key differences exist in their historical and socioeconomic development. The communities, dependent on natural resources throughout their history, have developed different responses to the challenges created by transition. This project will discuss the transition experiences of Tofino and Ucluelet and detail how sustainable development tools (indicators) can help the communities move towards a more sustainable future. This project is guided by three key questions. First, the project considers the factors contributing to structural economic transition in Tofino and Ucluelet within the context of British Columbia as a whole. Secondly, the project examines how the communities of Tofino and Ucluelet have addressed the challenges of economic transition and how are they planning for sustainability. Finally, the project addresses how sustainability indicators can be used by the respective communities to move towards a more sustainable future. This project drew on information from the literature related to economic transition, sustainability indicators, and from interviews with the Planners in Tofino and Ucluelet. A process for how Tofino and Ucluelet could develop indicators is provided. Additionally, key environmental, socio-economic, and tourism indicators are provided that address some of the planning issues in the two communities. The project suggests that planners need to work with communities to facilitate the development of indicators that support principles of sustainability. Finally, it is suggested that a mechanism be developed to integrate indicators into formal planning practice.
Dusty Infrared Galaxies: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background
Creators: name: Lagache, Guilaine
name: Puget, Jean-Loup
name: Dole, Herve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) in 1996, together with recent cosmological surveys from the mid-infrared to the millimeter have revolutionized our view of star formation at high redshifts. It has become clear, in the last decade, that a population of galaxies that radiate most of their power in the far-infrared (the so-called ``infrared galaxies'') contributes an important part of the whole galaxy build-up in the Universe. Since 1996, detailed (and often painful) investigations of the high-redshift infrared galaxies have resulted in the spectacular progress covered in this review. We outline the nature of the sources of the CIB including their star-formation rate, stellar and total mass, morphology, metallicity and clustering properties. We discuss their contribution to the stellar content of the Universe and their origin in the framework of the hierarchical growth of structures. We finally discuss open questions for a scenario of their evolution up to the present-day galaxies.
description: To appear in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2005, vol 43. 31 pages, 12 color figures
Maximally flexible solutions of a random $K$-satisfiability formula
Creators: name: Zhao, Han
name: Zhou, Hai-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random $K$-satisfiability ($K$-SAT) is a paradigmatic model system for studying phase transitions in constraint satisfaction problems and for developing empirical algorithms. The statistical properties of the random $K$-SAT solution space have been extensively investigated, but most earlier efforts focused on solutions that are typical. Here we consider maximally flexible solutions which satisfy all the constraints only using the minimum number of variables. Such atypical solutions have high internal entropy because they contain a maximum number of null variables which are completely free to choose their states. Each maximally flexible solution indicates a dense region of the solution space. We estimate the maximum fraction of null variables by the replica-symmetric cavity method, and implement message-passing algorithms to construct maximally flexible solutions for single $K$-SAT instances.
description: During the PRE review process
The origin of mass and the experiments on future high energy accelerators
Creators: name: Ioffe, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The visible universe - it is the universe of nucleons and electrons. The appearance of nucleon mass is caused by the violation of chiral symmetry in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). For this reason, the experiments on high energy accelerators cannot shed light on the origin of the matter in the visible universe. The origin of the mass of matter will be clarified, when the mechanism of chiral symmetry violation in QCD will be elucidated.
description: 4 pages
Tax Returns and Charitable Contributions
Creators: name: Reese, Lindsey
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140215 Public Economics- Taxation and Revenue
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods

description: This paper will examine ways to increase donations by means of a tax refund. It will compare donations from United States (US) tax returns to those in the United Kingdom (UK), and will make an effort to determine the circumstances in which a taxpayer is most likely to make the largest contribution. Additionally, this paper will attempt to shed light on how taxpayers view a tax refund as a means for charitable contribution. Technically, the amount that is being returned to the taxpayers is their money that has ben withheld from them during the year. This paper will try to determine whether or not the majority of taxpayers mentally calculate and anticipate a certain amount, or if they consider the refund to be "found money." These different forms of mentally accounting for a tax refund might have significant consequences for individuals' willingness to donate a portion of charity. Ultimately, this paper seeks to analyze the results of this economic study and apply the findings to the field of charitable giving.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Asbjørnsen, Peter Christen
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1850

description: Ønsker å forlenge sin reise og søker derfor om pengestøtte. Han er p.t. i Neapel
Resonance Laser Ionization Spectroscopy of Selenium
Creators: name: Li, R.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Mostamand, M.
name: Lassen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoionization spectra of Se have been studied by step-wise resonance laser ionization. The Rydberg series 4s$^2$4p$^3$($^4$S)np $^3$P$_{0,1,2}$ and 4s$^2$4p$^3$($^4$S)np $^5$P$_{1,2,3}$ were measured via different excitation schemes. Using the Rydberg series 4s$^2$4p$^3$($^4$S)np $^3$P$_2$ with n=15-33, the ionization potential of Se was determined with improved precision to 76658.15(2)$_{stat}$(4)$_{sys}$ cm$^{-1}$, which resolved the discrepancy in previous literatures. Autoionizing (AI) spectra between the IP and two neighboring converging limits of the Se ionic states 4s$^2$4p$^3$($^2$D$_{3/2}$) and 4s$^2$4p$^3$($^2$D$_{5/2}$) were obtained. In total eight AI Rydberg series have been observed, measured and assigned.
On the upper bound of the electronic kinetic energy in terms of density functionals
Creators: name: Site, L. Delle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple density functional expression for the upper bound of the kinetic energy for electronic systems. Such a functional is valid in the limit of slowly varying density, its validity outside this regime is discussed by making a comparison with upper bounds obtained in previous work. The advantages of the functional proposed for applications to realistic systems is briefly discussed.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Lucky Imaging: High Angular Resolution Imaging in the Visible from the Ground
Creators: name: Law, Nicholas M.
name: Mackay, Craig D.
name: Baldwin, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a Lucky Imaging system to obtain I-band images with much improved angular resolution on a ground-based 2.5m telescope. We present results from a 10-night assessment campaign on the 2.56m Nordic Optical Telescope and quantify the performance of our system in seeings better than 1.0''. In good seeing we have acquired near diffraction-limited images; in poorer seeing the angular resolution has been routinely improved by factors of 2.5-4. The system can use guide stars as faint as I=16 with full performance and its useful field of view is consistently larger than 40" diameter. The technique shows promise for a number of science programmes, both galactic (eg. binary candidates, brown dwarfs, globular cluster cores) and extragalactic (eg. quasar host galaxies, damped Lyman-alpha absorbers).
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&A. For further information, see http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/
Retail Meat Feature Pricing: Enhancing Meat-Case Revenues?
Creators: name: Pritchett, James G.
name: Johnson, Kamina K.
name: Pritchett, James G.
name: Johnson, Kamina K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Retail meat managers have many pricing tools to encourage product purchase, including the feature price, syndicate price, and the percent discount. Given seasonal demands and a large, diverse set of meat cuts, meat managers may form strategic pricing groups when choosing the feature-price, syndicate-price, and percent-discount levels. This research inductively determines these groups using a principal-components method and examines the role feature pricing plays in determining the volume sold and syndicate price. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models are used to simultaneously estimate the impacts of featuring strategy decisions among cluster groups.
Occupation switching of $d$ orbitals probed via hyperfine interactions in vanadium dioxide
Creators: name: Shimizu, Yasuhiro
name: Jin-no, Takaaki
name: Iwase, Fumitatsu
name: Itoh, Masayuki
name: Ueda, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal-insulator transition was microscopically investigated by orbital-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance (OR-NMR) spectroscopy in a single crystal of vanadium dioxide VO$_2$. Observations of the anisotropic $^{51}$V Knight shift and the nuclear quadrupole frequency allow us to evaluate orbital-dependent spin susceptibility and $d$ orbital occupations. The result is consistent with the degenerated $t_{2g}$ orbitals in a correlated metallic phase and the $d$ orbital ordering in a nonmagnetic insulating phase. The predominant orbital pointing along the chain facilitates a spin-singlet formation triggering metal-insulator transition. The asymmetry of magnetic and electric hyperfine tensors suggests the $d$ orbital reformation favored by a low-symmetry crystal field, forming a localized molecular orbital. The result highlights the cooperative electron correlation and electron-phonon coupling in Mott transition with orbital degrees of freedom.
description: 8 figures, 9 pages
Consumer Willingness to Pay and Marketing Opportunities for "Quality Guaranteed Tree-Ripened Peaches" in New York State
Creators: name: Uva, Wen-Fei L.
name: Cheng, Mei-Luan
name: Uva, Wen-Fei L.
name: Cheng, Mei-Luan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This study identifies consumer characteristics associated with willingness to pay a higher price for quality guaranteed tree-ripened peaches, with a focus on evaluating factors important to consumers when making decisions to purchase tree-ripened peaches. Telephone interviews were conducted with consumers in New York State in summer, 2002. Seventy-eight percent of the 258 survey respondents reported that they were willing to pay a higher price. A logistical regression model of willingness to pay was estimated. The empirical results indicated that willingness to pay was positively affected by the existence of previous experiences in purchasing tree-ripened peaches and by consumer dissatisfaction with peaches consumed in the past. An analysis of consumer experiences and consumer dissatisfaction showed that consumers in the two identified segments had mutually exclusive characteristics that present marketing opportunities for high quality New York-grown peaches.
A Profile of Farmers' Market Consumers and the Perceived Advantages of Produce Sold at Farmers' Markets
Creators: name: Wolf, Marianne McGarry
name: Spittler, Arianne
name: Ahern, James
name: Wolf, Marianne McGarry
name: Spittler, Arianne
name: Ahern, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This study examines responses of 336 produce consumers in San Luis Obispo County, California, to compare the profile of farmers' market shoppers to those who do not shop at farmers' markets. The characteristics of produce sold in farmers' markets are compared to those sold at supermarkets to determine why consumers shop in farmers' markets. This examination of the demographic profile of farmers' market produce consumers indicates that they are more likely to be female, married, and have completed post graduate work. The age levels, income levels, and employment status are similar between farmers' market shoppers and farmers' market non-shoppers. Farmers' market shoppers indicate that cooking and family meals are important to them. Consumers indicate that quality and value are among the most important attributes when purchasing produce. Consumers perceive that farmers' market produce is fresher looking, fresher tasting, a higher-quality product, a better value for the money, more reasonably priced, more likely to be grown in their country, more likely to be locally grown, more likely to be good for the environment, and more likely to be traceable to the processor and grower when compared to supermarket produce. However, many consumers do not shop at farmers' markets due to a lack of convenience.
A Unified Near Infrared Spectral Classification Scheme for T Dwarfs
Creators: name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Leggett, S. K.
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Golimowski, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A revised near infrared classification scheme for T dwarfs is presented, based on and superseding prior schemes developed by Burgasser et al. and Geballe et al., and defined following the precepts of the MK Process. Drawing from two large spectroscopic libraries of T dwarfs identified largely in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Two Micron All Sky Survey, nine primary spectral standards and five alternate standards spanning spectral types T0 to T8 are identified that match criteria of spectral character, brightness, absence of a resolved companion and accessibility from both northern and southern hemispheres. The classification of T dwarfs is formally made by the direct comparison of near infrared spectral data of equivalent resolution to the spectra of these standards. Alternately, we have redefined five key spectral indices measuring the strengths of the major H$_2$O and CH$_4$ bands in the 1-2.5 micron region that may be used as a proxy to direct spectral comparison. Two methods of determining T spectral type using these indices are outlined and yield equivalent results. These classifications are also equivalent to those from prior schemes, implying that no revision of existing spectral type trends is required. The one-dimensional scheme presented here provides a first step toward the observational characterization of the lowest luminosity brown dwarfs currently known. Future extensions to incorporate spectral variations arising from differences in photospheric dust content, gravity and metallicity are briefly discussed. A compendium of all currently known T dwarfs with updated classifications is presented.
description: 52 pages, 11 figures; accepted for publication to ApJ
Heavy-flavor PDF evolution and variable-flavor number scheme uncertainties in deep-inelastic scattering
Creators: name: Alekhin, S.
name: Bluemlein, J.
name: Moch, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a detailed account on the construction of the heavy-quark parton distribution functions for charm and bottom, starting from $n_f=3$ light flavors in the fixed-flavor number (FFN) scheme and by using the standard decoupling relations for heavy quarks in QCD. We also account for two-mass effects. Furthermore, different implementations of the variable-flavor-number (VFN) scheme in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) are studied, with the particular focus on the resummation of large logarithms in $Q^2/m_h^2$, the ratio the virtuality of the exchanged gauge-boson $Q^2$ to the heavy-quark mass squared $m_h^2$. A little impact of resummation effects if found in the kinematic range of the existing data on the DIS charm-quark production so that they can be described very well within the FFN scheme. Finally, we study the theoretical uncertainties associated to the VFN scheme, which manifest predominantly at small $Q^2$.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Electrical conductance at initial stage in epitaxial growth of Pb on modified Si(111) surface
Creators: name: Korczak, Z.
name: Kwapinski, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical conductance and RHEED intensities as a function of the coverage have been measured during Pb depositions at 105 K on Si(111)-(6x6)Au with up to 4.2 ML of annealed Pb. The experiments show the strong influence of used substrates on the behavior of the conductance during the epitaxy of Pb atoms, especially for very initial stage of growth. Oscillations of the conductance during the layer-by-layer growth are correlated with RHEED intensity oscillations. The analysis of the conductance behavior is made according to the theory described by Trivedi and Aschcroft (Phys.Rev.B 38,12298 (1988)).
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Surf. Sci. - accepted
Fast multi-qubit gates by adiabatic evolution in interacting excited state manifolds
Creators: name: Khazali, Mohammadsadegh
name: Mølmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computing and quantum simulation can be implemented by concatenation of one- and two-qubit gates and interactions. For most physical implementations, however, it may be advantageous to explore state components and interactions that depart from this universal paradigm and offer faster or more robust access to more advanced operations on the system. In this article, we show that adiabatic passage along the dark eigenstate of excitation exchange interactions can be used to implement fast multi-qubit Toffoli (C$_k$-NOT) and fan-out (C-NOT$^k$) gates. This mechanism can be realized by simultaneous excitation of atoms to Rydberg levels, featuring resonant exchange interaction. Our theoretical estimates and numerical simulations show that these multi-qubit Rydberg gates are possible with errors below 1% for up to 20 qubits. The excitation exchange mechanism is ubiquitous across experimental platforms and we show that similar multi-qubit gates can be implemented in superconducting circuits.
Supplementary notes, figures and tables from New ancient Eastern European Yersinia pestis genomes illuminate the dispersal of plague in Europe
Creators: name: Morozova, Irina
name: Kasianov, Artem
name: Bruskin, Sergey
name: Neukamm, Judith
name: Molak, Martyna
name: Batieva, Elena
name: Pudło, Aleksandra
name: Rühli, Frank J.
name: Schuenemann, Verena J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has been prevalent among humans for at least 5000 years, being accountable for several devastating epidemics in history, including the Black Death. Analyses of the genetic diversity of ancient strains of Y. pestis have shed light on the mechanisms of evolution and the spread of plague in Europe. However, many questions regarding the origins of the pathogen and its long persistence in Europe are still unresolved, especially during the late medieval time period. To address this, we present four newly assembled Y. pestis genomes from Eastern Europe (Poland and Southern Russia), dating to the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries AD. The analysis of polymorphisms in these genomes and their phylogenetic relationships with other ancient and modern Y. pestis strains may suggest several independent introductions of plague into Eastern Europe or its persistence in different reservoirs. Furthermore, with the reconstruction of a partial Y. pestis genome from rat skeletal remains found in a Polish ossuary, we were able to identify a potential animal reservoir in late medieval Europe. Overall, our results add new information concerning Y. pestis transmission and its evolutionary history in Eastern Europe.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules’.
CONTROLLING WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK DISEASE WITH ENDOGENOUS ON-FARM BIOSECURITY
Creators: name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Fenichel, Eli P.
name: Mathews, Kenneth H.
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Fenichel, Eli P.
name: Mathews, Kenneth H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The spread of infectious disease among and between wild and domesticated animals has become a major problem worldwide. We analyze the socially optimal management of wildlife and livestock, including choices involving environmental habitat variables and on-farm biosecurity controls, when wildlife and livestock can spread an infectious disease to each other. The model is applied to the problem of bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer. The optimum is a cycle in which the disease remains endemic in the wildlife, but in which the cattle herd is depleted when the prevalence rate in deer grows too large.
Faraday Instability in a Surface-Frozen Liquid
Creators: name: Huber, Patrick
name: Soprunyuk, Viktor
name: Embs, Jan
name: Wagner, Christian
name: Deutsch, Moshe
name: Kumar, Satish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Faraday surface instability measurements of the critical acceleration, a_c, and wavenumber, k_c, for standing surface waves on a tetracosanol (C_24H_50) melt exhibit abrupt changes at T_s=54degC above the bulk freezing temperature. The measured variations of a_c and k_c vs. temperature and driving frequency are accounted for quantitatively by a hydrodynamic model, revealing a change from a free-slip surface flow, generic for a free liquid surface (T>T_s), to a surface-pinned, no-slip flow, characteristic of a flow near a wetted solid wall (T < T_s). The change at T_s is traced to the onset of surface freezing, where the steep velocity gradient in the surface-pinned flow significantly increases the viscous dissipation near the surface.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Physical Review Letters (in press)
A Quantum Graph Neural Network Approach to Particle Track Reconstruction
Creators: name: Tüysüz, Cenk
name: Carminati, Federico
name: Demirköz, Bilge
name: Dobos, Daniel
name: Fracas, Fabio
name: Novotny, Kristiane
name: Potamianos, Karolos
name: Vallecorsa, Sofia
name: Vlimant, Jean-Roch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unprecedented increase of complexity and scale of data is expected in computation necessary for the tracking detectors of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) experiments. While currently used Kalman filter based algorithms are reaching their limits in terms of ambiguities from increasing number of simultaneous collisions, occupancy, and scalability (worse than quadratic), a variety of machine learning approaches to particle track reconstruction are explored. It has been demonstrated previously by HEP.TrkX using TrackML datasets, that graph neural networks, by processing events as a graph connecting track measurements can provide a promising solution by reducing the combinatorial background to a manageable amount and are scaling to a computationally reasonable size. In previous work, we have shown a first attempt of Quantum Computing to Graph Neural Networks for track reconstruction of particles. We aim to leverage the capability of quantum computing to evaluate a very large number of states simultaneously and thus to effectively search a large parameter space. As the next step in this paper, we present an improved model with an iterative approach to overcome the low accuracy convergence of the initial oversimplified Tree Tensor Network (TTN) model.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, CTD 2020 proceedings
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Fabritius, Wilheim Christian
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1850

description: Meddeler at han garanterer for Dzwonkowsky
description: Vedlegg til VS III 1850:038 (160036319). Polydoc nr. 1: 3532. Polydoc nr. 2: 2639.