cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A note on asymptotic symmetries and soft-photon theorem
Creators: name: Mohd, Arif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the asymptotic data at conformal null-infinity $\mathscr{I}$ to formulate Weinberg's soft-photon theorem for Abelian gauge theories with massless charged particles. We show that the angle-dependent gauge transformations at $\mathscr{I}$ are not merely a gauge redundancy, instead they are genuine symmetries of the radiative phase space. In the presence of these symmetries, Poisson bracket between the gauge potentials is not well-defined. This does not pose an obstacle for the quantization of the radiative phase space, which proceeds by treating the conjugate electric field as the fundamental variable. Denoting by $\mathcal{G}_+$ and $\mathcal{G}_-$ as the group of gauge transformations at $\mathscr{I}^+$ and $\mathscr{I}^-$ respectively, Strominger has shown that a certain diagonal subgroup $ \mathcal{G}_{diag} \subset \mathcal{G}_+ \times \mathcal{G}_-$ is the symmetry of the S-matrix and Weinberg's soft-photon theorem is the corresponding Ward identity. We give a systematic derivation of this result for Abelian gauge theories with massless charged particles. Our derivation is a slight generalization of the existing derivations since it is applicable even when the bulk spacetime is not exactly flat, but is only "almost" Minkowskian.
description: 21 pages, 0 figures, references added, acknowledgments updated. This version accepted for publication in JHEP
Particle-like skyrmions interacting with a funnel obstacle
Creators: name: Zhang, Xichao
name: Xia, Jing
name: Liu, Xiaoxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The skyrmion-substrate interaction is an important issue to consider when studying particle-like skyrmions in nanostructures, which may strongly affect the skyrmion dynamics and lead to complex dynamic phenomena. Here, we report the current-driven dynamic behaviors of particle-like skyrmions interacting with the funnel obstacle in a ferromagnetic layer. We computationally demonstrate that a funnel obstacle with enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be used to modify the dynamics of skyrmions due to the repulsive skyrmion-funnel interaction, which could generate several nontrivial effects, including the compression, clogging, annihilation, guided motion, and capturing of skyrmions. It is also found that the funnel obstacle can separate an incoming flow of skyrmions into two asymmetric flows. Moreover, we show that it is possible to capture skyrmions by the funnel obstacle in both static and dynamic ways. Our results are useful for understanding the skyrmion dynamics interacting with the substrate and could provide guidelines for the control of skyrmion flows in a transmission channel.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Die Sakramentalität der Eucharistie
Creators: name: Menke, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 42, Heft 3
Metabolic phenotyping of formyl peptide receptor 2 knockout mice
Creators: name: Behee, Madeline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Unresolved inflammation is associated with development of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Obesity-induced chronic inflammation results in multiple metabolic and immunological impairments. It has been shown that metabolites derived from omega-3 fatty acids, specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), facilitate the resolution of inflammation. The SPMs resolvin D1 and lipoxin A4 can bind the immune cell receptor formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) to alter an immune cell’s trafficking and inflammatory response. However, the mechanism by which FPR2 binding mediates the metabolic state in obesity remains unknown. To better understand the role of the FPR2 receptor in obesity, we used indirect open circuit calorimetry to establish the metabolic phenotype of FPR2 deletion in a diet-induced obese (DIO) murine model. In addition, we measured fasting glucose and insulin and conducted glucose tolerance tests (GTT) to determine the role of the FPR2 receptor in glucose homeostasis. We found that FPR2 deletion in male mice has no effect on energy expenditure, glucose oxidation, or lipid oxidation. In addition, we discovered that female mice fed a control diet displayed decreased fasting glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance, suggesting that an FPR2 deletion plays a role in glucose clearance in response to a control diet in female mice.
Gap Solitons in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices
Creators: name: Zhang, Yongping
name: Xu, Yong
name: Busch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While different ways to realize spin-orbit coupling in Bose-Einstein condensates exist, not all are currently experimentally implementable. Here we present a detailed study of gap solitons in a Bose- Einstein condensate with experimentally realizable spin-orbit coupling and discuss two cases relating to a spin-dependent parity symmetry. In the parity symmetric case, two families of fundamental gap solitons in second linear energy gap are demonstrated with opposite sign of the parity, with one family having single humped densities and the other double humped ones. In the case of broken parity symmetry, the fundamental modes manifest spin-polarization. Both families possess an opposite sign of the spin-polarization.
description: published in PRA
Investigation of Protein Self-Assembly in Type I Collagen and Fibrin through Atomic Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Lin, Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Collagen and fibrin are two proteins known to undergo the process of fibrillogenesis, self-assembly into fiber-like structures. Collagen is fundamental in forming human tissues such as skin and tendons, while fibrin is essential for forming blood clots. Both proteins self-assemble into complex biological systems due to protein-protein interactions. The self-assembly and protein-protein interactions within this system can be studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanospectroscopic methods such as atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), scattering-scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). The advantage of these methods is that, both physical information such as strain, elasticity, and topography and chemical information such as bond vibrational modes, hydrogen bonding, and protein secondary structure can be collected simultaneously. In addition, the high spatial resolution of these techniques enables studies of heterogeneity on intra and inter-fibril length scales. Numerous previous studies have been able to successfully form fibrils on hydrophilic surfaces such as mica. However, nanospectroscopy typically requires hydrophobic substrates such as gold, silicon, or ZnS to generate adequate signal. Herein, I explore and report successful sample fabrication methods for generating fibril networks and present preliminary data for preparing protein fibrils on gold and silicon substrates.
A novel approach to power analysis for differential expression in scRNA-seq data
Creators: name: Fawad, Salman
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has helped revolutionise the scientific community’s understanding of cellular heterogeneity in complex tissues and is now commonly employed to find genes that are differentially expressed between two conditions (such as disease versus control). However, its potential is often hampered by low statistical power due to limited sample sizes (a consequence of high sequencing costs associated with generating each sample). A significant shortfall in the statistical robustness of human scRNA-seq investigations emerges from these small sample sizes, resulting in inaccurate detection of differentially expressed genes. Using a comprehensive analysis of 29 large brain scRNA-seq datasets (spanning 23 different cell types), I demonstrate that most published case-control studies are statistically underpowered, resulting in a massive mean false discovery rate of 80% when using as few as 10 samples. 75% power is attained only when the sample size reaches 80, corroborated by rigorous validation (against bulk RNA-seq data from the GTEx dataset), which is further demonstrated by showing that many of the detected genes actually come from the sex chromosomes. Importantly, increasing the number of cells per sample was also found to enhance statistical power significantly. My data indicate that for reliable differential expression analysis in human scRNA-seq, future studies should aim for a minimum of 80 samples and over 1000 cells per cell type of interest (ideally deeply sequenced). These findings serve as a cautionary tale for the bioinformatics community, underscoring the urgency for larger, more robustly designed scRNA-seq studies which better elucidate disease mechanisms.
Legalese or lawspeak – diversity within the unity
Creators: name: Максимова Светлана Юрьевна
name: Мацюпа Ксения Владимировна
name: Илюхин Никита Игоревич
Publisher: name: Язык науки и профессиональная коммуникация
Year: 2022
Subjects: legalese
legal language
slang
jargon
idioms

description: The article is devoted to the study of the state of the modern legal language. The authors analyze the phenomenon of legalese, which is typical for the speech of people of the legal profession, and also give its definition. The main characteristics and aspects of the legal language are investigated. Close attention is paid to the phenomenon of slang, which is an integral communication tool in the context of legal discourse. The problem of definition of the concept of "slang" is described. Research is being conducted on the term of "jargon", as well as a distinction between “jargon” and “slang”. Attention is also paid to the idioms that often appear in the speech of lawyers. The authors put an increased focus on the problem of characterizing and translating idioms due to the peculiarities of their structure and cohesion of the meaning. A comparative analysis of idioms, slang and jargon usage is carried out on the example of the Russian and English languages, a detailed review of each of the presented examples is given in accordance with their etymology and modern meaning. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the different nature of origin, idioms, slang and jargon can be considered in a single context as integral attributes of the legal language, since they have identical characteristics, the main of which is emotional coloring and use by a specific group of people.
"Brot vom Himmel"
Creators: name: Schwienhorst-Schönberger, Ludger
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 42, Heft 3
Broadband modelling of short gamma-ray bursts with energy injection from magnetar spin-down and its implications for radio detectability
Creators: name: Gompertz, B. P.
name: van der Horst, A. J.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Wynn, G. A.
name: Wiersema, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetar model has been proposed to explain the apparent energy injection in the X-ray light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), but its implications across the full broadband spectrum are not well explored. We investigate the broadband modelling of four SGRBs with evidence for energy injection in their X-ray light curves, applying a physically motivated model in which a newly formed magnetar injects energy into a forward shock as it loses angular momentum along open field lines. By performing an order of magnitude search for the underlying physical parameters in the blast wave, we constrain the characteristic break frequencies of the synchrotron spectrum against their manifestations in the available multi-wavelength observations for each burst. The application of the magnetar energy injection profile restricts the successful matches to a limited family of models that are self-consistent within the magnetic dipole spin-down framework.We produce synthetic light curves that describe how the radio signatures of these SGRBs ought to have looked given the restrictions imposed by the available data, and discuss the detectability of these signatures with present-day and near-future radio telescopes. Our results show that both the Atacama Large Millimetre Array and the upgraded Very Large Array are now sensitive enough to detect the radio signature within two weeks of trigger in most SGRBs, assuming our sample is representative of the population as a whole. We also find that the upcoming Square Kilometre Array will be sensitive to depths greater than those of our lower limit predictions.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Revised Filter Profiles and Zero Points for Broadband Photometry
Creators: name: Mann, Andrew W.
name: von Braun, Kaspar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimating accurate bolometric fluxes for stars requires reliable photometry to absolutely flux calibrate the spectra. This is a significant problem for studies of very bright stars, which are generally saturated in modern photometric surveys. Instead we must rely on photometry with less precise calibration. We utilize precisely flux-calibrated spectra to derive improved filter bandpasses and zero points for the most common sources of photometry for bright stars. In total we test 40 different filters in the General Catalog of Photometric Data as well as those from Tycho-2 and Hipparcos. We show that utilizing inaccurate filter profiles from the literature can create significant color terms resulting in fluxes that deviate by >10% from actual values. To remedy this we employ an empirical approach; we iteratively adjust the literature filter profile and zero point, convolve it with catalog spectra, and compare to the corresponding flux from the photometry. We adopt the passband values that produces the best agreement between photometry and spectroscopy and is independent of stellar color. We find that while most zero points change by <5%, a few systems change by 10-15%. Our final profiles and zero points are similar to recent estimates from the literature. Based on determinations of systematic errors in our selected spectroscopic libraries, we estimate that most of our improved zero points are accurate to 0.5-1% or better.
description: Accepted to PASP. 13 pages, 16 Figures, and 2 tables in main paper. Appendix contains 11 additional tables (12 pages). Filter profile tables are in the right sidebar (ancillary files)
QAYRAG'OCH BIOTSENOZIDA UCHRAYDIGAN CHRYSOMELIDAE OILASI VAKILLARI BIOEKOLOGIYASI VA POPULYATSIYALARINING TURLI EKOLOGIK HUDUDLARDA DINAMIK RIVOJLANISHI
Creators: name: Yakubov, Farrux
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Qayrag'och biotsenozida uchraydigan Chrysomelidae oilasi vakillaridan Xanthogaleruca luteola,  Luperus xanthopoda, Luperus lyperus va Luperus flavipes L. turlari keng tarqalgan bo'lib, bu zararkunandalarning zarar yetkazishi bo'yicha yuqori o'rinlarni egallaydi.
Artificial Gauge Field and Quantum Spin Hall States in a Conventional Two-dimensional Electron Gas
Creators: name: Shi, Likun
name: Lou, Wenkai
name: Cheng, F.
name: Zou, Y. L.
name: Yang, Wen
name: Chang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Born-Oppemheimer approximation, we divide total electron Hamiltonian in a spinorbit coupled system into slow orbital motion and fast interband transition process. We find that the fast motion induces a gauge field on slow orbital motion, perpendicular to electron momentum, inducing a topological phase. From this general designing principle, we present a theory for generating artificial gauge field and topological phase in a conventional two-dimensional electron gas embedded in parabolically graded GaAs/In$_{x}$Ga$_{1-x}$As/GaAs quantum wells with antidot lattices. By tuning the etching depth and period of antidot lattices, the band folding caused by superimposed potential leads to formation of minibands and band inversions between the neighboring subbands. The intersubband spin-orbit interaction opens considerably large nontrivial minigaps and leads to many pairs of helical edge states in these gaps.
description: 9 pages and 4 figures
The Making of Strange Bipartisan Bedfellows: Why Religious Values Trump Party Partisan Values –The Case of the Unborn Child Option
Creators: name: Kang, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: This thesis evaluated whether Republican state legislators’ religious values trump their political party values and loyalties to create an unusual bipartisan alliance among pro-life Republicans and Democratic state legislators. The paper evaluated how and why states adopted the Unborn Child Option – a Children Health Insurance Program option that provides low-income undocumented pregnant mothers with state and federally funded prenatal care and delivery. The study utilized a comparative case study and mixed methods approach to evaluate how 8 states (Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and South Dakota) adopted the Unborn Child Option, with a specific focus on how Catholic or Evangelical Protestant Republican legislators responded to this policy. The findings presented in this paper indicate that state legislators’ will prioritize their religious values over their political party preferences to support the Unborn Child Option by splitting from their party and collaborating with Democratic legislators. This thesis highlights the relative priority religious values have over political party values and re-conceptualizes religion as a competing variable to legislators’ pre-existing political affiliations or beliefs. Additionally, this study found that lobbying groups across the political spectrum will support a policy that affirms the lobbying group’s fundamental beliefs. Organizations that have historically opposed one another, such as Planned Parenthood and the National Right to Life, will join forces to influence state legislators to pass a policy that affirms both of their organizational values. Ultimately, this thesis argues that religion can be an instrument to achieve greater bipartisan collaboration in the legislative arena. Policymakers can leverage legislators’ religious values and lobbying groups’ core beliefs to create bipartisan coalition that can bring historically opposing groups together.
A systems biology approach to investigate glucocorticoid response in a cellular model of human bronchial epithelium
Creators: name: Martello, Verdiana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease associated with structural and functional barrier alterations of the bronchial epithelium (BE). Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are the mainstay treatment for asthma. The BE is a key orchestrator of lung inflammatory and immune responses. How the BE contributes to therapeutic outcomes of GCs and steroid resistance remains unclear. GC genomic actions are mediated by the ligand-bound glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Each cell type expresses a distinctive pattern of GR isoforms that control partially overlapping sets of GC-sensitive genes. The enhancer landscape encountered by GRs is also an important player in shaping GC responses. The genome-wide effects of GCs in human BE have predominantly been investigated using cellular monolayers and never under the clinically relevant scenario of a pre-established inflammatory milieu. For the first time this thesis examines the transcription-dependent actions of GCs (Dexamethasone) in both resting and inflamed cultures of patient-derived normal bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) differentiated at air-liquid interface (ALI). RNA sequencing of GC-only treated ALI cultures revealed a surprisingly small number of early steroid-regulated genes exhibiting overall modest expression changes. Twenty-eight of the genes (67%) were known GC targets in submerged lung epithelial cells. Bioinformatics analysis of Dexamethasone-responsive genes corroborated functional roles of GC drugs documented in monolayer models and bronchial biopsies. IL-1β pre-exposed ALI cultures showed more GC-evoked transcriptome alterations, with many instances of synergistic gene regulation by the pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli. Attempts, for the first time in ALI-grown BECs, at profiling of GR occupancy via chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing proved to be technically challenging. Considering the findings from RNA sequencing of a model that more closely replicates the in vivo inflamed airway epithelium, further attempts to overcome the challenges and profile GR occupancy are warranted to obtain full elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind GC genomic effects.
Photoionization of the $3s^23p^4~ ^3P$ and the $3s^23p^4~^1D,~^1S$ states of sulfur: experiment and theory
Creators: name: Barthel, Mathias
name: Flesch, Roman
name: Rühl, Eckart
name: McLaughlin, Brendan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoionization of neutral atomic sulfur in the ground and metastable states was studied experimentally at a photon energy resolution of 44 meV FWHM. Relative cross section measurements were recorded by using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation in the energy range 9 -- 30 eV obtained from a laser-produced plasma and the atomic species were generated by photolysis of molecular precursors. Photoionization of this atom is characterized by multiple Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances superimposed on a direct photoionization continuum. A wealth of resonance features observed in the experimental spectra are spectroscopically assigned and their energies and quantum defects tabulated. The cross-section measurements are compared with state-of-the-art theoretical cross-section calculations obtained from the Dirac Coulomb R-matrix method. Resonances series in the spectra are identified and compared indicating similar features in both the theoretical and experimental spectra.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review A, 20 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Compilation of All Equations: The Law of Observation
Creators: name: Sambey, Stanley Everett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This document compiles all mathematical equations from the current version of TheLaw of Observation: Utilization of the Clay Institute’s Millennium Prize Problems (DOI:10.5281/zenodo.15211994, April 13, 2025) and an earlier set of 19 formulas from the Law ofObservation framework. Equations are organized by source and section, covering the UnifiedData Framework v2, consciousness, gravity, superluminal transmission, dark matter/energy,and related theories. Overlaps between the two sets are noted, with unique contributionsfrom the earlier list included.
Towards robust quantification of vegetation responses to global environmental change
Creators: name: Cai, Wenjia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO2) threatens ecosystems and human well-being. The land carbon sink through terrestrial vegetation is a key component to absorb atmospheric CO2 to offset global warming. A robust quantification of terrestrial vegetation responses to historical and future environmental changes is necessary to predict the strength of land carbon sink under climate change scenarios. Using a parsimonious model, the P model, I modelled changes in gross primary production (GPP) and demonstrated that this model reproduces historical variation of GPP against observations. Model experiments indicate that CO2 and vegetation greenness (fAPAR) are the major drivers. I further investigated the parameters that affect the sensitivity of modelled vegetation light use efficiency (LUE) to elevated CO2. The ratio of Jmax to Vcmax at 25°C and convexity of light response curve were found to be the most important variables. The effect of CO2 fertilization (CFE) on GPP was estimated to be 15.43% for a 100-ppm increase in CO2, consistent with previous studies. The modelled diminishing CFE during the past decades indicated a potential decreasing benefit from CO2 for vegetation growth under future climate change. An extended version of the P model was used to further quantify changes in the land carbon sink. Although a conceptually simpler model, it achieved similar performance compared to dynamic global vegetation models with reasonable bias. Finally, I predicted vegetation greenness based on the trade-off between vegetation carbon gain and water loss, both of which depend on the amount of leaf area quantified by fAPAR. Predicted seasonal maximum fAPAR explains 95% of the variation compared to observed remotely sensed MODIS fAPAR, with similar temporal trends. These studies provide a mechanistic understanding of vegetation responses to environmental changes and a first step towards more reliable land surface models for future climate projection.
Air de la farandole de la truie (farandole de la trueio), joué aux galoubets-tambourins par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Pragmatical, terminological and functional analysis of the UN corpus
Creators: name: Балашова Елена Юрьевна
name: Богачева Екатерина Александровна
name: Илюхин Никита Игоревич
Publisher: name: Язык науки и профессиональная коммуникация
Year: 2022
Subjects: UN Corpus
Functional Text Dimensions
genre annotation
text-internal features
text-external features
corpus analysis.

description: Genre annotation for UN Corpus has linguopragmatic and functional grounds in modern linguistics. UN Corpus contains legal terminology and this makes its annotation more complicated. The analysis of legal papers and documents, belonging to UN Corpus, shows that some basic communicative functions (argumentative, informative, regulative, the function of command, analytical function) represented by a limited set of Functional Text Dimensions, are manifested in legal corpus either. In our study we offer genre annotation of UN Corpus based on text-external and text-internal properties of genre prototypes. For this purpose, we will describe linguistic features, genre prototypes, key words and the most frequent collocations. To text-external features we refer text-level features (for example, means of structuring a sentence or a legal document, annexes, extra information: years and dates, references and citations etc.) and part-of-speech features (verb forms, pronoun forms). Text-internal features are considered to be lexical (metaphors and comparisons, official cliché, legal terminology, verb groups like suasive verbs, necessity verbs, possibility verbs, modal verbs) and syntactical (amplifiers, rhetorical means of argumentation, parentheses as a means of text logical organization, complex sentences, adverbial phrases). The inter-textual and extra-textual corpus analysis shows that communicative functions are connected with linguistic features of corpus texts.
Kirche als Communio und die Gemeinschaft der Tugenden
Creators: name: Schlögel, Herbert
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 42 Nr. 2 (2013): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 42, Heft 2
A robust platform cooled by superconducting electronic refrigerators
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hung Q.
name: Meschke, Matthias
name: Pekola, Jukka P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A biased tunnel junction between a superconductor and a normal metal can cool the latter electrode. Based on a recently developed cooler with high power and superior performance, we have successfully integrated it with a dielectric silicon nitride membrane, and cooled phonons from 305 mK down to 200 mK. Without perforation and covered under a thin alumina layer, the membrane is rigorously transformed into a cooling platform that is robust and versatile for multiple practical purposes. We discuss our results and possibilities to further improve the device.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Untersuchungen zur Wärmebehandlung additiv gefertigter, metallischer Bauteile auf Basis von in-situ Analysen der Phasenumwandlungen
Creators: name: Rowolt, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 620 Engineering & allied operations

description: Allgemeine Richtlinien, speziell für die Wärmebehandlung laserstrahlgeschmolzener, metallischer Bauteile, existieren bislang nicht oder werden aus dem Stand der Technik für den konventionell hergestellten Werkstoff abgeleitet. Für additiv gefertigte Bauteile aus der Aluminiumgusslegierung AlSi10Mg und dem ausscheidungshärtenden Stahl X5CrNiCuNb16-4 wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit mit Hilfe systematischer Experimente (Dilatometrie und Kalorimetrie) spezifische, auf das laserstrahlgeschmolzene Gefüge zugeschnittene Wärmebehandlungsparameter entwickelt.
The Influence of Race and Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Breastfeeding on Postpartum Depression
Creators: name: Fariha Rahman
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Study Objective: To determine the differential impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the relationship between breastfeeding and postpartum depression (PPD). 
Methods: The parent study collected data on psychiatric status, self-reported measures, and biological specimens from 1523 women at their 6-week postpartum visit and conducted a 3 month follow-up phone visit. This secondary analysis included variables from the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Infant Feeding Form, and self-reported measures on race, ethnicity, and SES along with associated covariates. Descriptive statistics were determined, while logistic regression was used to analyze associations between breastfeeding and PPD stratified by race, ethnicity, and SES.
Findings: Breastfeeding prevalence differed between Black mothers (Black, Hispanic = 53.0%, Black, Non-Hispanic=39.0%) and White mothers  (White, Hispanic = 71.0%, White, Non-Hispanic = 55.0%). PPD prevalence differed between Black breastfeeding mothers (Black, Hispanic = 50.0%, Black, Non-Hispanic = 29.6%) and White breastfeeding mothers. White, low-SES and Hispanic (White, Hispanic = 37.3%, White, Non-Hispanic = 49.7%), low-SES breastfeeding mothers had lower odds of developing PPD relative to other racial and ethnic groups respectively. The association between breastfeeding and PPD did not independently differ by race and ethnicity, but low-SES appeared to influence the relationship between breastfeeding and PPD.
Conclusion: Breastfeeding mothers are less likely to experience PPD, indicating breastfeeding may be protective against PPD. Certain racial, ethnic, and SES groups may benefit from breastfeeding relative to others. Further research should analyze the ameliorating impact of breastfeeding on certain groups and subsequently be used to create target interventions.
Designing and evaluating mindfulness conversational agents for persons with dementia and caregivers
Creators: name: Seah, Cassandra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Dementia is a major global health challenge and cause of dependency and disability worldwide. It is a debilitating disease that impacts both persons with dementia and caregivers (dyad). Mindfulness interventions have positive effects for dyads but are rigid, time consuming and not designed for dyads. Furthermore, using voice based conversational agents has not been done for dyadic mindfulness and may enhance accessibility and personalisation. This thesis explores how novel dyadic mindfulness conversational agents can be designed to benefit dyads, identifying user preferences and user needs, through the development and usage of a working prototype. We explored mindfulness interventions for dyads and technologies like conversational agents for health, before conducting a user research study through virtual semi-structured interviews with 10 experts and 5 dyads to understand potential needs for the intervention. After which, we developed a working prototype through a user centred design approach comprising 4 cycles, incorporating the feedback from 10 dyads and 4 experts. Lastly, through a 30-day guideline assessment study using the working prototype, 6 dyads were eligible to participate, and completed the study. Assessments, surveys, and interviews were done pre and post study, while dyads filled in daily worksheets to track progress. From the various studies conducted, we identified initial user needs based on participants visualising the prototype. We then developed a working prototype and understood usage preferences and enhanced user needs based on dyad’s experiencing the prototype virtually. After the 30-day guideline assessment study, pre-post assessments showed improvement. Intervention and usage preferences further reveal that dyadic mindfulness conversational agents created using a user centred design approach, integrating user needs iteratively, can be beneficial for dyads. The novel intervention enabled dyads to cope better, by reducing stress, worries, and improving sense of control. Detailed design recommendations and examples provide guidance on how future interventions should be designed.
A geometric Hall-type theorem
Creators: name: Holmsen, Andreas
name: Martinez-Sandoval, Leonardo
name: Montejano, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a geometric generalization of Hall's marriage theorem. For any family $F = \{X_1, \dots, X_m\}$ of finite sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$, we give conditions under which it is possible to choose a point $x_i\in X_i$ for every $1\leq i \leq m$ in such a way that the points $\{x_1,...,x_m\}\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ are in general position. We give two proofs, one elementary proof requiring slightly stronger conditions, and one proof using topological techniques in the spirit of Aharoni and Haxell's celebrated generalization of Hall's theorem.
Model-Guided Multi-Contrast Deep Unfolding Network for MRI Super-resolution Reconstruction
Creators: name: Yang, Gang
name: Zhang, Li
name: Zhou, Man
name: Liu, Aiping
name: Chen, Xun
name: Xiong, Zhiwei
name: Wu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high resolution (HR) provides more detailed information for accurate diagnosis and quantitative image analysis. Despite the significant advances, most existing super-resolution (SR) reconstruction network for medical images has two flaws: 1) All of them are designed in a black-box principle, thus lacking sufficient interpretability and further limiting their practical applications. Interpretable neural network models are of significant interest since they enhance the trustworthiness required in clinical practice when dealing with medical images. 2) most existing SR reconstruction approaches only use a single contrast or use a simple multi-contrast fusion mechanism, neglecting the complex relationships between different contrasts that are critical for SR improvement. To deal with these issues, in this paper, a novel Model-Guided interpretable Deep Unfolding Network (MGDUN) for medical image SR reconstruction is proposed. The Model-Guided image SR reconstruction approach solves manually designed objective functions to reconstruct HR MRI. We show how to unfold an iterative MGDUN algorithm into a novel model-guided deep unfolding network by taking the MRI observation matrix and explicit multi-contrast relationship matrix into account during the end-to-end optimization. Extensive experiments on the multi-contrast IXI dataset and BraTs 2019 dataset demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model.
description: Accepted to ACMMM 2022, 9 pages
Cephenniini
Creators: name: Jałoszyński, Paweł
name: Perkovsky, Evgeny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae

description: Tribe Cephenniini
Cephennomicrus giganteus Jałoszyński & Perkovsky Upper Eocene Rovno amber (present paper).
description: Published as part of Jałoszyński, Paweł & Perkovsky, Evgeny, 2016, Diversity of Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Upper Eocene Rovno amber, pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 4157 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4157.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/262413
Online surgical tool tracking for active constraints in robotic surgery with a novel hands-on robot
Creators: name: Souipas, Spyridon
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Robotic-assisted surgery has advanced significantly over the past decades, tackling different types of surgery. Following a comprehensive review of commercial systems, orthopaedic robots were predominantly categorised into two configurations, namely bulky robots providing full haptic feedback or miniaturised, non-haptic devices. Furthermore, haptic feedback is principally achieved through preoperative imaging, without allowing for intraoperative Region of Interest (RoI) definition. To facilitate RoI definition, detection and localisation of surgical tools in the Operating Theatre (OR) were explored. A camera-based neural network was developed, achieving 3D pose estimation of conventional surgical tools. The network was trained and tested using a novel dataset, exhibiting a position and orientation error of 5.5mm ± 6.6mm and 3.3° ± 3.1° respectively, with real-time deployment at 4.5 frames per second. To address the absence of compact surgical robots with haptic feedback, a novel, hands-on, miniaturised platform was designed. This system achieved sub-millimetre accuracy, while also providing haptic and visual feedback. A study with untrained volunteers demonstrated improved performance under feedback compared to freehand operation. Combining the tool tracking network with the haptic robot led to a novel intraoperative haptic feedback workflow. Safety volumes were generated by tracking a surgical tool and employed in two haptic experiments. In the first, the user was impeded from exiting the volume; in the second, the user was prevented from penetrating the volume. Results confirm the viability of the concept and highlight key performance metrics for the prototype in robotic-assisted orthopaedic surgery. This thesis outlines a technique for intraoperatively establishing RoI integrated within a haptic feedback workflow, featuring a novel collaborative robot and a deep learning network. While the pipeline is efficient and independent of preoperative imaging, future research is required to develop gravity compensation for the robot and expand generalisation capabilities for the network, with the eventual aim of clinical translation.
Marche de Notre-Dame de la Garde jouée aux galoubets-tambourins par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Wenn ich schwach bin, bin ich stark (2 Kor 12,10)
Creators: name: Söding, Thomas
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 42 Nr. 2 (2013): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 42, Heft 2
Statistical methods for characterising the severity of an emerging pathogen: case studies of the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Hawryluk, Iwona
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Epidemiological modellers face significant challenges during outbreaks of novel pathogens, particularly the need for rapid and precise modelling with limited and delayed data. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the insufficiency of current methods in addressing these challenges and highlighted the need for more innovative approaches to infectious disease modelling. Motivated by these issues, this thesis aims to aid epidemiologists in building more robust models by developing novel Bayesian methods that enhance the accuracy and reliability of epidemiological models, especially for emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. Specific contributions of this thesis are as follows: Chapter 2 introduces a new method for estimating marginal likelihoods using thermodynamic integration, facilitating model selection through Bayes factors. Applied to COVID-19 data, this approach reveals the pitfalls of model selection and emphasises the importance of rigorous methods. In Chapter 3, a range of probability density functions is fitted to hospitalisation distributions for COVID-19 patients in Brazil, providing crucial inputs for epidemic models. Spatial heterogeneity in hospitalisation times is explored, offering insights into regional variations in disease dynamics. Chapter 4 shifts focus to data quality, investigating reporting delays in COVID-19 mortality data for Brazil. A novel method using Gaussian Processes is proposed to correct reporting delays, enabling real-time monitoring of epidemiological trends with greater accuracy. Building on these methodological advancements, Chapter 5 explores the impact of regularisation in a renewal-equation-based R_t model, demonstrating the importance of informative priors in accurately estimating importations during emerging epidemics. The methods proposed here aim to assist infectious disease modellers in rapidly responding to emerging threats using Bayesian statistical tools. Overall, this work combines traditional epidemiological approaches with modern statistical and machine learning methods to address the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a framework for improving infectious disease modelling in future outbreaks.
Can we constrain interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements?
Creators: name: Dorn, Caroline
name: Khan, Amir
name: Heng, Kevin
name: Alibert, Yann
name: Connolly, James A. D.
name: Benz, Willy
name: Tackley, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an inversion method based on Bayesian analysis to constrain the interior structure of terrestrial exoplanets, in the form of chemical composition of the mantle and core size. Specifically, we identify what parts of the interior structure of terrestrial exoplanets can be determined from observations of mass, radius, and stellar elemental abundances. We perform a full probabilistic inverse analysis to formally account for observational and model uncertainties and obtain confidence regions of interior structure models. This enables us to characterize how model variability depends on data and associated uncertainties. We test our method on terrestrial solar system planets and find that our model predictions are consistent with independent estimates. Furthermore, we apply our method to synthetic exoplanets up to 10 Earth masses and up to 1.7 Earth radii as well as to exoplanet Kepler-36b. Importantly, the inversion strategy proposed here provides a framework for understanding the level of precision required to characterize the interior of exoplanets. Our main conclusions are: (1) observations of mass and radius are sufficient to constrain core size; (2) stellar elemental abundances (Fe, Si, Mg) are key constraints to reduce degeneracy in interior structure models and to constrain mantle composition; (3) the inherent degeneracy in determining interior structure from mass and radius observations does not only depend on measurement accuracies but also on the actual size and density of the exoplanet. We argue that precise observations of stellar elemental abundances are central in order to place constraints on planetary bulk composition and to reduce model degeneracy. [...]
description: 19 pages, 18 figures, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics (no changes to previous version)
Identifying and Interpreting the Unmet Basic Needs of People with Serious Mental Illnesses on Probation in North Carolina
Creators: name: Parker, Morgan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: People with serious mental illnesses (SMI) disproportionately struggle to meet their basic needs, such as accessing appropriate medical care, securing a livable income, and finding stable housing. People with SMI are also overrepresented in the legal system, especially amongst the population on probation. This study identifies the unmet basic needs of people with SMI on probation, explores the relationship between unmet basic needs and mental health functioning among this group, and analyzes how the level of unmet basic needs varies by type of SMI diagnosis (i.e. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder), gender, and race.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilizes data from a randomized controlled trial of people on specialty mental health probation to examine the relationship between mental health functioning and unmet basic needs among people on probation with different SMIs. Unmet basic needs were assessed using a researcher-created service inventory questionnaire. Mental health functioning was assessed using the Symptom Checklist-10-Revised (SCL-10-R). Bivariate inferential statistics were used to examine the relationship between average number of unmet needs and gender, race and type of serious mental illness. 
Results: There was a positive, statistically significant association between the number of unmet basic needs and an individual’s SCL-10-R score. Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) and people with schizophrenia had significantly more unmet basic needs than their respective comparison groups. 
Discussion: The findings presented here highlight the current gaps in services among people with SMI in the legal system. Future probation and specialty mental health probation programs should take particular note of these unmet basic needs and ensure that they have strong, sustainable relationships with social services systems. Future research should look more closely at the differences in unmet needs by gender, race, and type of SMI, as well as investigate the feasibility of forging stronger connections between the legal and social services systems.