cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measuring Anisotropies in the Cosmic Neutrino Background
Creators: name: Lisanti, Mariangela
name: Safdi, Benjamin R.
name: Tully, Christopher G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino capture on tritium has emerged as a promising method for detecting the cosmic neutrino background (CvB). We show that relic neutrinos are captured most readily when their spin vectors are anti-aligned with the polarization axis of the tritium nuclei and when they approach along the direction of polarization. As a result, CvB observatories may measure anisotropies in the cosmic neutrino velocity and spin distributions by polarizing the tritium targets. A small dipole anisotropy in the CvB is expected due to the peculiar velocity of the lab frame with respect to the cosmic frame and due to late-time gravitational effects. The PTOLEMY experiment, a tritium observatory currently under construction, should observe a nearly isotropic background. This would serve as a strong test of the cosmological origin of a potential signal. The polarized-target measurements may also constrain non-standard neutrino interactions that would induce larger anisotropies and help discriminate between Majorana versus Dirac neutrinos.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Phase separation and critical size in molecular sorting
Creators: name: Floris, Elisa
name: Piras, Andrea
name: Pezzicoli, Francesco Saverio
name: Zamparo, Marco
name: Dall'Asta, Luca
name: Gamba, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular sorting is a fundamental process that allows eukaryotic cells to distill and concentrate specific chemical factors in appropriate cell membrane subregions, thus endowing them with different chemical identities and functional properties. A phenomenological theory of this molecular distillation process has recently been proposed [arXiv:1811.06760], based on the idea that molecular sorting emerges from the combination of: a) phase-separation-driven formation of sorting domains, and b) domain-induced membrane bending, leading to the production of submicrometric lipid vesicles enriched in the sorted molecules. In this framework, a natural parameter controlling the efficiency of molecular distillation is the critical size of phase-separated domains. In the experiments, sorting domains appear to fall into two classes: unproductive domains, characterized by short lifetimes and low probability of extraction, and productive domains, that evolve into vesicles that ultimately detach from the membrane system. It is tempting to link these two classes to the different fates predicted by classical phase separation theory for subcritical and supercritical phase-separated domains. Here, we discuss the implication of this picture in the framework of the previously introduced phenomenological theory of molecular sorting. Several predictions of the theory are verified by numerical simulations of a lattice-gas model. Sorting is observed to be most efficient when the number of sorting domains is close to a minimum. To help in the analysis of experimental data, an operational definition of the critical size of sorting domains is proposed. Comparison with experimental results shows that the statistical properties of productive/unproductive domains inferred from experimental data are in agreement with those predicted from numerical simulations of the model.
Faster Information Propagation on Highways: a Virtual MIMO Approach
Creators: name: Wu, Hui
name: Zhang, Zhaoyang
name: Zhang, Huazi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In vehicular communications, traffic-related information should be spread over the network as quickly as possible to maintain a safe and reliable transportation system. This motivates us to develop more efficient information propagation schemes. In this paper, we propose a novel cluster-based cooperative information forwarding scheme, in which the vehicles opportunistically form virtual antenna arrays to boost one-hop transmission range and therefore accelerate information propagation along the highway. Both closed-form results of the transmission range gain and the improved Information Propagation Speed (IPS) are derived and verified by simulations. It is observed that the proposed scheme demonstrates the most significant IPS gain in moderate traffic scenarios, whereas too dense or too sparse vehicle density results in less gain. Moreover, it is also shown that increased mobility offers more contact opportunities and thus facilitates information propagation.
description: IEEE 2014 Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2014) - Communication Theory Symposium
Radiation of a charged particle bunch passing through a deeply corrugated structure with a relatively small period
Creators: name: Simakov, Evgenii
name: Tyukhtin, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze electromagnetic radiation from a bunch passing through a corrugated conductive planar structure. The wavelengths of the radiation are assumed to be much greater than the corrugation period. Under this approximation, the corrugated structure can be replaced with a smooth surface on which the so-called equivalent boundary conditions (EBC) are fulfilled. Here, we also assume that the structure is deeply corrugated, i.e. the structure depth is of the same order as an inverse wavenumber. Using the EBC we obtain a general solution and investigate it asymptotically. It is shown that two types of radiation are generated: volume radiation and surface waves. Both types of the radiations are analyzed in detail. We demonstrate that the radiation is highly sensitive to the structure depth, which can be used, specifically, for generating the powerful surface radiation. The energy losses of the bunch by both volume and surface radiations are considered as well. In particular, the dependences of the energy density on the corrugation parameters are obtained and analyzed.
The Theory of Quaternion Matrix Derivatives
Creators: name: Xu, Dongpo
name: Mandic, Danilo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A systematic theory is introduced for calculating the derivatives of quaternion matrix function with respect to quaternion matrix variables. The proposed methodology is equipped with the matrix product rule and chain rule and it is able to handle both analytic and nonanalytic functions. This corrects a flaw in the existing methods, that is, the incorrect use of the traditional product rule. In the framework introduced, the derivatives of quaternion matrix functions can be calculated directly without the differential of this function. Key results are summarized in tables. Several examples show how the quaternion matrix derivatives can be used as an important tool for solving problems related to signal processing.
description: This regular paper was submitted to IEEE TSP Jun 03, 2014
R-process Rain from Binary Neutron Star Mergers in the Galactic Halo
Creators: name: Amend, Benjamin
name: Zrake, Jonathan
name: Hartmann, Dieter H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact binary mergers involving at least one neutron star are promising sites for the synthesis of $\textit{r}$-process elements found in stars and planets. However, mergers can take place at significant offsets from their host galaxies, with many occurring several kpc from star-forming regions. It is thus important to understand the physical mechanisms involved in transporting enriched material from merger sites in the galactic halo to the star-forming disk. We investigate these processes, starting from an explosive injection event and its interaction with the halo medium. We show that the total outflow mass in compact binary mergers is too low for the material to travel to the disk in a ballistic fashion. Instead, the enriched ejecta is swept into a shell, which decelerates over $\lesssim 10$ pc scales and becomes corrugated by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The corrugated shell is denser than the ambient medium, and breaks into clouds which sink toward the disk. These sinking clouds lose thermal energy through radiative cooling, and are also ablated by shearing instabilities. We present a dynamical heuristic that models these effects to predict the delay times for delivery to the disk. However, we find that turbulent mass ablation is extremely efficient, and leads to the total fragmentation of sinking $\textit{r}$-process clouds over $10-100$ pc scales. We thus predict that enriched material from halo injection events quickly assimilates into the gas medium of the halo, and that enriched mass flow to the disk could only be accomplished through turbulent diffusion or large-scale inflowing mass currents.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Self-Assembled Lipid Nanomedicines for siRNA Tumor Targeting
Creators: name: Tseng, Yu-Cheng
name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Lipid-based nanoparticle technology has developed from chemical drug carrier into an efficient multifunctional siRNA tumor targeting delivery system. In this review, we start with an overview of the lipid-based nanomedicine history and the two classes of lipidic vectors for DNA or siRNA delivery. Then we discuss the features of lipid-based nanomedicine that lead to effective tumor targeting and the principles behind. We also discuss nanoparticle surface modification, classes of tumor targeting ligands, and other state-of-the-art strategies for enhancing endosome release primarily focused on lipid-based systems. At the end, we show that multifunctional self-assembled lipid-based nanoparticles could also be versatile delivery vehicles for cancer molecular imaging probes.
The universal nature of subhalo accretion
Creators: name: Libeskind, Noam I
name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Hoffman, Yehuda
name: Gottloeber, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the angular infall pattern of subhaloes onto host haloes in the context of the large-scale structure. We find that this infall pattern is essentially driven by the shear tensor of the ambient velocity field. Dark matter subhaloes are found to be preferentially accreted along the principal axis of the shear tensor which corresponds to the direction of weakest collapse. We examine the dependence of this preferential infall on subhalo mass, host halo mass and redshift. Although strongest for the most massive hosts and the most massive subhaloes at high redshift, the preferential infall of subhaloes is effectively universal in the sense that its always aligned with the axis of weakest collapse of the velocity shear tensor. It is the same shear tensor that dictates the structure of the cosmic web and hence the shear field emerges as the key factor that governs the local anisotropic pattern of structure formation. Since the small (sub-Mpc) scale is strongly correlated with the mid-range (~10 Mpc) scale - a scale accessible by current surveys of peculiar velocities - it follows that findings presented here open a new window into the relation between the observed large scale structure unveiled by current surveys of peculiar velocities and the preferential infall direction of the Local Group. This may shed light on the unexpected alignments of dwarf galaxies seen in the Local Group
description: 8 pages, submitted to MN
Autismus-Spektrum und Trauma: Anwendung der Traumapädagogik in der Begleitung von Menschen im Autismus-Sprektrum im stationären Setting der Behindertenhilfe
Creators: name: Gander, Linda
name: Imfeld, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit hat zum Ziel, die Verbindung zwischen Menschen im Autismus-Spektrum (AS) und Traumata aufzuzeigen. Menschen im AS haben aufgrund ihrer besonderen Wahrnehmungsweise und verschiedener neuropsychologischer Erklärungsansätze ein höheres Risiko, traumatisiert zu werden. Bis heute wird in der Arbeit mit Menschen im AS der Thematik der Traumatisierung wenig Bedeutung beigemessen. Daher wird die Traumapädagogik in der stationären Behindertenhilfe kaum umgesetzt und es existieren keine traumapädagogischen Handlungskonzepte für dieses Setting. Aufgrund des erhöhten Risikos ist es jedoch zentral, dass entsprechendes Fachwissen in der Behindertenhilfe vorhanden ist.

Im Kontext der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe werden bereits verschiedene traumapädagogische Konzepte im Alltag angewendet. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, aufzuzeigen, wie das Fachpersonal, einschließlich der Professionellen der Sozialpädagogik sowie der Institutionen selbst, traumapädagogische Konzepte in der Behindertenhilfe umsetzen können. Dazu erläutert die Autorenschaft drei Konzepte und verfolgt die Frage, wie traumapädagogische Ansätze spezifisch an die Bedürfnisse und Herausforderungen von Menschen im AS, die im stationären Setting der Behindertenhilfe leben, angepasst werden können.

Weitere Schwerpunkte dieser Bachelorarbeit liegen auf dem AS, der Psychotraumatologie, den Traumafolgestörungen sowie den Grundlagen der Traumapädagogik.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basp be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialpädagogik, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
Size-Uniform 200 nm Particles: Fabrication and Application to Magnetofection
Creators: name: Alam, Md. Rowshon
name: Ford, Kris
name: Kole, Ryszard
name: Fisher, Michael
name: Mair, Lamar
name: Superfine, Richard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We report on the fabrication of arrays of mono- and multimetallic particles via metal evaporation onto lithographically patterned posts, as well as the magnetic force calibration and successful magnetofection of iron particles grown via this method. This work represents the first instance in which metal evaporation onto post structures was used for the formation of released, shape-defined metal particles. Also, our work represents the first use of lithographically defined particles as agents of magnetofection. Using these techniques it is possible to create particles with complex shapes and lateral dimensions as small as 40 nm. Our demonstrated compositionally flexible particles are highly size-uniform due to their photolithographically defined growth substrates, with particle dimensions along two axes fixed at 200 nm; the third axis dimension can be varied from 20 nm to 300 nm during the deposition procedure. Atomic percent of metals incorporated into the particle volume is highly tunable and particles have been synthesized with as many as four different metals. We performed magnetic force calibrations on a single particle size for iron particles using an axially magnetized NeFeB permanent magnet and comparisons are made with commercially available magnetic beads. In order to evalutate their usefulness as magnetofection agents, an antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) designed to correct the aberrant splicing of enhanced green fluorescent protein mRNA, was successfully transfected into a modified HeLa cell line. Magnetically enhanced gene delivery was accomplished in vitro using antisense ODN-laden iron particles followed by application of a field gradient. Magnetically enhanced transfection resulted in a 76% and 139% increase in fluorescence intensity when compared to Lipofectamine and antisense ODN-loaded particles delivered without magnetic treatment, respectively. To our knowledge, these experiments constitute the first use of lithographically defined particles as successful agents for magnetically enhanced transfection of an antisense oligonucleotide.
Quantum information scrambling in non-Markovian open quantum systems
Creators: name: Han, Li-ping
name: Zou, Jian
name: Li, Hai
name: Shao, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the dynamics of a spin chain whose two end spins interact with two independent non-Markovian baths by using the non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (QSD) equation approach. Specifically two issues about quantum information scrambling in open quantum system are addressed. The first issue is that tripartite mutual information (TMI) can quantify information scrambling properly via its negative value in closed system, whether it is still suitable to indicate quantum scrambling in open quantum system. However we find that negative TMI is not an suitable quantifier of information scrambling in open quantum system in some cases while negative tripartite logarithmic negativity (TLN) is more appropriate. The second one is that up to now almost all the open quantum system effects on information scrambling reported were focus on the Markovian environment, while the effect of non-Markovian environment on information scrambling is still elusive. Significantly our results show that the memory effect of environment will be beneficial to the emergence of quantum information scrambling. Moreover, it is found that environment is generally detrimental for information scrambling in a long time, while in some cases it will be helpful for information scrambling in a short time.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures
On the robustness of triaxial Schwarzschild modelling: The effects of correcting the orbit mirroring
Creators: name: Thater, Sabine
name: Jethwa, Prashin
name: Tahmasebzadeh, Behzad
name: Zhu, Ling
name: Brok, Mark den
name: Santucci, Giulia
name: Ding, Yuchen
name: Poci, Adriano
name: Lilley, Edward
name: de Zeeuw, P. Tim
name: Zocchi, Alice
name: Maindl, Thomas I.
name: Rigamonti, Fabio
name: van de Ven, Glenn
name: Yang, Meng
name: Fahrion, Katja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past 15 years, the triaxial Schwarzschild orbit-superposition code by van den Bosch et al. (2008) has been widely applied to study the dynamics of galaxies. Recently, Quenneville et al. (2022) reported a bug in the orbit calculation of this code, specifically in the mirroring procedure that is used to speed up the computation. We have fixed the incorrect mirroring in DYNAMITE, which is the publicly-released successor of the triaxial Schwarzschild code by van den Bosch et al. (2008). In this study, we provide a thorough quantification of how this bug has affected the results of dynamical analyses performed with this code. We compare results obtained with the original and corrected versions of DYNAMITE, and discuss the differences in the phase-space distribution of a single orbit and in the global stellar orbit distribution, in the mass estimate of the central black hole in the highly triaxial galaxy PGC 46832, and in the measurement of intrinsic shape and enclosed mass for more than 50 galaxies. Focusing on the typical scientific applications of a Schwarzschild triaxial code, in all our tests we find that differences are negligible with respect to the statistical and systematic uncertainties. We conclude that previous results with the van den Bosch et al. (2008) triaxial Schwarzschild code are not significantly affected by the incorrect mirroring.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to A&A
The role of meson interactions in the $D_s^{+}\rightarrow π^{+}π^{+}π^{-}η$ decay
Creators: name: Song, Jing
name: Feijoo, A.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a theoretical study of the $D_s^{+}\to π^{+}π^{+}π^{-}η$ decay. We look first at the basic $D_s^{+}$ decay at the quark level from external and internal emission. Then hadronize a pair or two pairs of $q\bar{q}$ states to have mesons at the end. Posteriorly the pairs of mesons are allowed to undergo final state interaction, by means of which the $a_0(980)$, $f_0(980)$, $a_1(1260)$, and $b_1(1235)$ resonances are dynamically generated. The $G$-parity is used as a filter of the possible channels, and from those with negative $G$-parity only the ones that can lead to $π^{+}π^{+}π^{-}η$ at the final state are kept. Using transition amplitudes from the chiral unitary approach that generates these resonances, and a few free parameters, we obtain a fair reproduction of the six mass distributions reported in BESIII experiment.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Characterization of the laser-based release of micropallets from arrays
Creators: name: Salazar, Georgina To'a
name: Bachman, Mark
name: Li, G. P.
name: Wang, Yuli
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Sims, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The micropallet array system uses a pulsed laser to release pallets tens of microns to hundreds of microns in size from a larger array, enabling selective isolation of single cells adherent to the pallets. In this study, the laser-based release of pallets was characterized with respect to pallet array and laser parameters. The threshold laser energy required for pallet release increased linearly with the area of the pallet in contact with the underlying glass substrate. The spacing of the pallets within an array as well as the thickness or height of the pallet did not impact the energy required to release a pallet. Delivery of multiple laser pulses decreased the energy/pulse required for pallet release when the pallets were 100 microns or greater on a side. In addition to the square pallets, complex structures such as cantilevers and spirals could be released without damage using the pulsed laser. Identification of the pallet-array variables influencing the energy required for pallet release as well as strategies to minimize this energy will prove critical in optimizing the release of pallets with cells on the arrays.
Poisson Integrators based on splitting method for Poisson systems
Creators: name: Zhu, Beibei
name: Ji, Lun
name: Zhu, Aiqing
name: Tang, Yifa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose Poisson integrators for the numerical integration of separable Poisson systems. We analyze three situations in which the Poisson systems are separated in three ways and the Poisson integrators can be constructed by using the splitting method. Numerical results show that the Poisson integrators outperform the higher order non-Poisson integrators in phase orbit tracking, long-term energy conservation and efficiency.
Design and validation of an angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry fiber probe for in vivo clinical measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology
Creators: name: Shaheen, Nicholas J.
name: Terry, Neil G.
name: Woosley, John T.
name: Zhu, Yizheng
name: Wax, Adam
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We present a novel Fourier-domain angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a ∕LCI) fiber probe designed for in vivo clinical application in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The a∕LCI technique measures the depth-resolved angular scattering distribution to determine the size distribution and optical density of cell nuclei for assessing the health of epithelial tissues. Clinical application is enabled by an endoscopic fiber-optic probe that employs a 2.3-m-long coherent fiber bundle and is compatible with the standard 2.8-mm-diam biopsy channel of a gastroscope. The probe allows for real-time data acquisition by collecting the scattering from multiple angles in parallel, enabled by the Fourier domain approach. The performance of the probe is characterized through measurement of critical parameters. The depth-resolved sizing capability of the system is demonstrated using single- and double-layer microsphere phantoms with subwavelength sizing precision and accuracy achieved. Initial results from a clinical feasibility test are also presented to show in vivo application in the human esophagus.
Beyond Griffin-Lim: Improved Iterative Phase Retrieval for Speech
Creators: name: Peer, Tal
name: Welker, Simon
name: Gerkmann, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phase retrieval is a problem encountered not only in speech and audio processing, but in many other fields such as optics. Iterative algorithms based on non-convex set projections are effective and frequently used for retrieving the phase when only STFT magnitudes are available. While the basic Griffin-Lim algorithm and its variants have been the prevalent method for decades, more recent advances, e.g. in optics, raise the question: Can we do better than Griffin-Lim for speech signals, using the same principle of iterative projection? In this paper we compare the classical algorithms in the speech domain with two modern methods from optics with respect to reconstruction quality and convergence rate. Based on this study, we propose to combine Griffin-Lim with the Difference Map algorithm in a hybrid approach which shows superior results, in terms of both convergence and quality of the final reconstruction.
description: Submitted to IWAENC 2022
Fixed speed competition on the configuration model with infinite variance degrees: unequal speeds
Creators: name: Baroni, Enrico
name: van der Hofstad, Remco
name: Komjathy, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study competition of two spreading colors starting from single sources on the configuration model with i.i.d. degrees following a power-law distribution with exponent tau in (2,3). In this model two colors spread with a fixed but not necessarily equal speed on the unweighted random graph. We show that if the speeds are not equal, then the faster color paints almost all vertices, while the slower color can paint only a random subpolynomial fraction of the vertices. We investigate the case when the speeds are equal and typical distances in a follow-up paper.
description: 44 pages, 9 pictures
Mono-$γ$ Production of a Vector Dark Matter at Future $e^+e^-$ Collider
Creators: name: Ma, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Associated production of a dark particle and a photon, represented as a mono-$γ$ event, is a promising channel to probe particle contents and dynamics in the dark sector. In this paper we study properties of the mono-$γ$ production of a vector dark matter at future $e^+e^-$ colliders. The photon-like and Pauli operators, as well as triple gauge bosons interactions involving the dark matter, are considered in the framework of Effective Field Theory. We show that, comparing to the Pauli operator, the triple gauge bosons couplings are much more interesting at high energy collider. Beam polarization effects are also analyzed, and we show that the experimental sensitivities can not be enhanced significantly because of the smaller luminosity.
description: 6 captioned figures and 1 table, 25 pages
Optical atomic clocks with suppressed black body radiation shift
Creators: name: Kozlov, Alexander
name: Dzuba, Vladimir
name: Flambaum, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a wide range of neutral atoms and ions suitable for ultra-precise atomic optical clocks with naturally suppressed black body radiation shift of clock transition frequency. Calculations show that scalar polarizabilities of clock states cancel each other for at least one order of magnitude for considered systems. Results for calculations of frequencies, quadrupole moments of the states, clock transition amplitudes and natural widths of upper clock states are presented.
Metal-insulator transition in yttrium- and neodymium-doped lanthanum nickelates
Creators: name: Ponti, Gregorio
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Nickelates
Metal-insulator transition
Bond percolation

description: Discovery of high-temperature superconductivity (SC) in (La,Ba)₂CuO₄ opened many lines of investigation into similar perovskite-related compounds, such as the square-planar “infinite-layer” superconductor, Sr₁₋ₓRₓCuO₂ (R = rare-earth element). Until recently, SC had not yet been found in any nickelates, including the isostructural infinite-layer RNiO₂. Recently, chemical reduction of RNiO₃/STO thin films (R =Nd₀.₈Sr₀.₂) using CaH₂ into the RNiO₂ infinite-layer phase was found to have a zero-resistivity measurement below T [subscript C]= 9 − 15 K³. This study re-invigorated the SC community while leaving many open questions, mainly regarding the effect on superconductivity of oxygen defects (vacancies and interstitials, e.g., apical) and of strain (due to cation substitutions and substrate-film mismatch). The study also re-prompted the search for SC in the bulk material. The parent RNiO₃ bulk compounds are known to have a rich structural phase diagram and a metal-insulator transition T [subscript M−I] that varies based on the rare-earth element. This work investigates steric and doping effects in bulk nickelates La₁₋ₓRₓNiO₃ (R = Y, Nd) and both develops and tests the prediction of a universal T → 0 Metal-Insulator (M-I) transition for all (La, R)NiO₃ nearly-perovskite materials. Polycrystalline bulk samples were prepared using a sol-gel precursor that was then subject to high oxygen pressure (150-200 bar), high temperature (950°C − 1050°C) conditions, or high quasi-hydrostatic pressures using a hot piston-cylinder apparatus (2.0 − 2.5 GPa) with an oxidizer at high temperatures (900°C − 1000°C) for La₁₋ₓYₓNiO₃ (x > 0.2). These compounds can be reduced several ways to produce the infinite-layer phase, as well as some other RₙNiₙOᵧ phases (e.g., “337”). Similarly, thin films of Nd₁₋ₓAₓNiO₃ (A = La, Sr) deposited using Pulsed Laser Deposition can be reduced to compare the effects in the bulk to that in thin films. The synthesized samples are studied using x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, and other techniques to correlate structural, transport, and magnetic properties.
Optimizing QoS in Secure RIS-Assisted mmWave Network With Channel Aging
Creators: name: Waqas Haider Shah, Syed
name: Qaraqe, Marwa
name: Althunibat, Saud
name: Widmer, Joerg
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have demonstrated significant potential in securing mmWave communication from potential eavesdropping by configuring reflecting elements to enhance signal strength at desired locations and create nulls at potential eavesdropping locations. Acquiring perfect channel information is crucial for optimizing RIS configuration; however, obtaining such information is costly and, as a result, should be performed sparingly. This work explores the impact of the age of channel information on secrecy performance when a RIS-assisted mmWave network operates under statistical qualityof-service (QoS) constraints. Specifically, we optimize the QoS performance of a RIS-assisted mmWave network given only outdated channel estimates. To this end, we propose a technique for the joint optimization of transmit beamforming and RIS configuration, along with a closed-form solution for the optimal transmit power control policy. We investigate the impact of channel aging on the performance of these techniques. In our Monte-Carlo simulations, we first identify the factors influencing the aging process of a RIS-assisted mmWave channel in both the near and far fields of the RIS. Subsequently, we examine the impact of channel aging on secrecy capacity and demonstrate that adequate secrecy capacity can still be achieved even when channel information is outdated, reducing the need for frequent RIS configuration. Moreover, our optimal power control policy results reveal that operating in a high SNR regime does not necessarily increase the achievable effective secrecy capacity when the system operates under stricter QoS constraints. This finding allows system designers to adopt a more pragmatic system design approach that consumes less energy while maintaining the required QoS and secrecy performance.
Configurable sublinear circuits for quantum state preparation
Creators: name: Araujo, Israel F.
name: Park, Daniel K.
name: Ludermir, Teresa B.
name: Oliveira, Wilson R.
name: Petruccione, Francesco
name: da Silva, Adenilton J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The theory of quantum algorithms promises unprecedented benefits of harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics for solving certain computational problems. A persistent obstacle to using such algorithms for solving a wide range of real-world problems is the cost of loading classical data to a quantum state. Several quantum circuit-based methods have been proposed for encoding classical data as probability amplitudes of a quantum state. However, they require either quantum circuit depth or width to grow linearly with the data size, even though the other dimension of the quantum circuit grows logarithmically. In this paper, we present a configurable bidirectional procedure that addresses this problem by tailoring the resource trade-off between quantum circuit width and depth. In particular, we show a configuration that encodes an $N$-dimensional state by a quantum circuit with $O(\sqrt{N})$ width and depth and entangled information in ancillary qubits. We show a proof-of-principle on five quantum computers and compare the results.
Annotation of phenotypic diversity: decoupling data curation and ontology curation using Phenex
Creators: name: Balhoff, James P
name: Lapp, Hilmar
name: Dahdul, Wasila M
name: Dececchi, T
name: Mabee, Paula M
name: Vision, Todd J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundPhenex (http://phenex.phenoscape.org/) is a desktop application for semantically annotating the phenotypic character matrix datasets common in evolutionary biology. Since its initial publication, we have added new features that address several major bottlenecks in the efficiency of the phenotype curation process: allowing curators during the data curation phase to provisionally request terms that are not yet available from a relevant ontology; supporting quality control against annotation guidelines to reduce later manual review and revision; and enabling the sharing of files for collaboration among curators.ResultsWe decoupled data annotation from ontology development by creating an Ontology Request Broker (ORB) within Phenex. Curators can use the ORB to request a provisional term for use in data annotation; the provisional term can be automatically replaced with a permanent identifier once the term is added to an ontology. We added a set of annotation consistency checks to prevent common curation errors, reducing the need for later correction. We facilitated collaborative editing by improving the reliability of Phenex when used with online folder sharing services, via file change monitoring and continual autosave.ConclusionsWith the addition of these new features, and in particular the Ontology Request Broker, Phenex users have been able to focus more effectively on data annotation. Phenoscape curators using Phenex have reported a smoother annotation workflow, with much reduced interruptions from ontology maintenance and file management issues.
Probing Top-quark Operators with Precision Electroweak Measurements
Creators: name: Liu, Yiming
name: Wang, Yuhao
name: Zhang, Cen
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Gu, Jiayin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), operators involving the top quark are generally difficult to probe, and can generate sizable loop contributions to the electroweak precision observables, measured by past and future lepton colliders. Could the high precision of the electroweak measurements compensate the loop suppression and provide competitive reaches on these operators? Would the inclusion of these contributions introduce too many additional parameters for a meaningful global electroweak analysis to be done? In this paper, we perform a detailed phenomenological study to address these two important questions. Focusing on eight dimension-6 operators that generate anomalous couplings between the electroweak gauge bosons and the third-generation quarks, we calculate their one loop contributions to the $e^+e^- \to f\bar{f}$ processes both on and off the Z-pole and the $e^-e^+ \to WW$ process. A global analysis is performed with these eight operators and the ones that contribute to the above processes at tree level, using the measurements at LEP, SLC and several low energy experiments. We find that, while the current electroweak precision measurements are sensitive to the one-loop effects of the top-quark operators, it is difficult to separate them from the operators that contribute at the tree level, making a global analysis rather challenging. Under more assumptions, competitive reaches could be obtained in a global fit. Another important finding of our study is that the two operators that generate dipole interactions of the bottom quark have significant impacts in the Z-pole measurements and should not be omitted. We also discuss the implication of the recently reported W-boson mass measurement at CDF to our results. Finally, we estimate the reaches of future lepton colliders in probing the top-quark operators with precision electroweak measurements.
description: 38 pages, 14 figures
Traffic assignment models : applicability and efficacy
Creators: name: Patil, Priyadarshan Nandkumar
name: 0000-0001-8747-4679
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Traffic assignment
Optimization
Algorithm convergence
Convergence analysis

description: This dissertation is concerned with the traffic assignment problem (TAP), an important tool in transportation planning. We first study a theoretical extension of TAP which incorporates symmetric interactions in the link travel costs. In particular, we prove the theoretical convergence of conventional solution methods for this problem, and analyze convergence behavior for these methods. We also show how a set of real world interactions such as merge models can be modeled using these type of symmetric interactions. Second, we apply these findings to a practical case study of railroad electrification, formulated as a rail network design problem. We solve this problem on a large network representing the North American railroad network, and analyze the solutions to provide policy recommendations. We model the interactions between diesel- and electric-goods flow as a symmetric congestion cost and a separable fuel/crew cost. Third, we study the empirical behavior of TAP under input uncertainty. Specifically, we analyze the effects of three types of input errors (uniform, origin- or destination- specific, spatially correlated) on network metrics, such as total system travel time or congestion, at equilibrium. Empirical bounds for these output metrics are identified for various levels of input error. We apply these findings to a case study to demonstrate potential usage for planning purposes. Lastly, we conduct a comprehensive empirical study on the convergence behavior of traffic assignment convergence metrics. We analyze five commonly used network metrics at various convergence levels, for different solution algorithms, and identify concrete thresholds for convergence. We also show the relationship between different convergence criteria metrics, allowing for transfer of these thresholds to different metrics.
Unification of multi-species vertebrate anatomy ontologies for comparative biology in Uberon
Creators: name: Bradford, Yvonne
name: Dececchi, Thomas A
name: Niknejad, Anne
name: Dahdul, Wasila M
name: Blackburn, David C
name: Haendel, Melissa A
name: Comte, Aurelie
name: Druzinsky, Robert E
name: Balhoff, James P
name: Bastian, Frederic B
name: Mungall, Christopher J
name: Lewis, Suzanna E
name: Mabee, Paula M
name: Hayamizu, Terry F
name: Robinson-Rechavi, Marc
name: Sereno, Paul C
name: Ibrahim, Nizar
name: Blake, Judith A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundElucidating disease and developmental dysfunction requires understanding variation in phenotype. Single-species model organism anatomy ontologies (ssAOs) have been established to represent this variation. Multi-species anatomy ontologies (msAOs; vertebrate skeletal, vertebrate homologous, teleost, amphibian AOs) have been developed to represent ‘natural’ phenotypic variation across species. Our aim has been to integrate ssAOs and msAOs for various purposes, including establishing links between phenotypic variation and candidate genes.ResultsPreviously, msAOs contained a mixture of unique and overlapping content. This hampered integration and coordination due to the need to maintain cross-references or inter-ontology equivalence axioms to the ssAOs, or to perform large-scale obsolescence and modular import. Here we present the unification of anatomy ontologies into Uberon, a single ontology resource that enables interoperability among disparate data and research groups. As a consequence, independent development of TAO, VSAO, AAO, and vHOG has been discontinued.ConclusionsThe newly broadened Uberon ontology is a unified cross-taxon resource for metazoans (animals) that has been substantially expanded to include a broad diversity of vertebrate anatomical structures, permitting reasoning across anatomical variation in extinct and extant taxa. Uberon is a core resource that supports single- and cross-species queries for candidate genes using annotations for phenotypes from the systematics, biodiversity, medical, and model organism communities, while also providing entities for logical definitions in the Cell and Gene Ontologies.The ontology release files associated with the ontology merge described in this manuscript are available at: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/releases/2013-02-21/Current ontology release files are available always available at: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/releases/
Towards Explicit Discrete Holography: Aperiodic Spin Chains from Hyperbolic Tilings
Creators: name: Basteiro, Pablo
name: Di Giulio, Giuseppe
name: Erdmenger, Johanna
name: Karl, Jonathan
name: Meyer, René
name: Xian, Zhuo-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new example of discrete holography that provides a new step towards establishing the AdS/CFT duality for discrete spaces. A class of boundary Hamiltonians is obtained in a natural way from regular tilings of the hyperbolic Poincaré disk, via an inflation rule that allows to construct the tiling using concentric layers of tiles. The models in this class are aperiodic spin chains, whose sequences of couplings are obtained from the bulk inflation rule. We explicitly choose the aperiodic XXZ spin chain with spin 1/2 degrees of freedom as an example. The properties of this model are studied by using strong disorder renormalization group techniques, which provide a tensor network construction for the ground state of this spin chain. This can be regarded as discrete bulk reconstruction. Moreover we compute the entanglement entropy in this setup in two different ways: a discretization of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and a generalization of the standard computation for the boundary aperiodic Hamiltonian. For both approaches, a logarithmic growth of the entanglement entropy in the subsystem size is identified. The coefficients, i.e. the effective central charges, depend on the bulk discretization parameters in both cases, albeit in a different way.
description: 73 pages, 17 figures, revised version: minor changes to introduction and conclusion, corrected typos, improved discussion section 5.4
Inklusives Wohnen – Chancen und Herausforderungen: Handlungsempfehlungen für die Soziale Arbeit
Creators: name: Furger, Cedric
name: Michel, Aline Nicole
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Diese Forschungsarbeit trägt den Titel ‹Inklusives Wohnen – Chancen und Herausforderungen› und
bezieht sich auf die Situation der inklusiven Wohngemeinschaften in der Schweiz. Die Verfasser:innen
Cedric Furger und Aline Michel beantworten folgende Praxisfrage: ‹Welche konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen
ergeben sich für die Soziale Arbeit im Kontext von inklusiven Wohnformen?›
Es werden folgende Schlüsselelemente beleuchtet: Bedeutung und Rechtfertigung von Inklusion, Definition
und Merkmale inklusiver Wohnformen, Chancen und Herausforderungen des inklusiven Wohnens
für Fachpersonen aus der Sozialpädagogik und die Auswirkungen inklusiver Wohnformen für Bewohnende
mit Beeinträchtigung.
Die qualitative Studie basiert auf Leitfadeninterviews mit sechs Personen, zwei Fachpersonen aus dem
Bereich des inklusiven Wohnens, zwei Menschen mit Behinderung, die in einem inklusiven Wohnsetting
leben, sowie zwei Menschen ohne Behinderung, die ebenfalls in inklusiven Wohnsettings wohnen.
Diese Interviews boten tiefgehende Einblicke in persönliche Erfahrungen und professionelle Perspektiven.
Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass inklusive Wohnformen die soziale Integration und Teilhabe von
Menschen mit Behinderungen signifikant fördern. Fachpersonen stehen jedoch vor Herausforderungen
wie Finanzierungsfragen und der Notwendigkeit, bestehende Systeme umzugestalten. Ein erkennbarer
Trend ist die Dezentralisierung hin zu individuellen Wohnformen, die besser auf die Bedürfnisse
von Menschen mit Behinderungen zugeschnitten sind.
Es werden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die Soziale Arbeit präsentiert, um die Umsetzung inklusiver
Wohnprojekte zu fördern und die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen zu bewältigen.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basp be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialpädagogik, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409