cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Model of Z-Endoxifen Concentrations in Tamoxifen-Treated Patients from the CEPAM Cohort
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Anna M.
name: Helland, Thomas
name: Klima, Fenja
name: Koolen, Stijn L. W.
name: Schaik, Ron H. N. Van
name: Mathijssen, Ron H. J.
name: Neven, Patrick
name: Michelet, Robin
name: Mikus, Gerd
name: Kloft, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Tamoxifen
subject: Z-Endoxifen Concentrations
subject: CEPAM Cohort
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Tamoxifen is widely used in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The polymorphic enzyme CYP2D6 is primarily responsible for metabolic activation of tamoxifen, resulting in substantial interindividual variability of plasma concentrations of its most important metabolite, Z-endoxifen. The Z-endoxifen concentration thresholds below which tamoxifen treatment is less efficacious have been proposed but not validated, and prospective trials of individualized tamoxifen treatment to achieve Z-endoxifen concentration thresholds are considered infeasible. Therefore, we aim to validate the association between Z-endoxifen concentration and tamoxifen treatment outcomes, and identify a Z-endoxifen concentration threshold of tamoxifen efficacy, using pharmacometric modeling and simulation. As a first step, the CYP2D6 Endoxifen Percentage Activity Model (CEPAM) cohort was created by pooling data from 28 clinical studies (> 7,000 patients) with measured endoxifen plasma concentrations. After cleaning, data from 6,083 patients were used to develop a nonlinear mixed-effect (NLME) model for tamoxifen and Z-endoxifen pharmacokinetics that includes a conversion factor to allow inclusion of studies that measured total endoxifen but not Z-endoxifen. The final parent-metabolite NLME model confirmed the primary role of CYP2D6, and contributions from body weight, CYP2C9 phenotype, and co-medication with CYP2D6 inhibitors, on Z-endoxifen pharmacokinetics. Future work will use the model to simulate Z-endoxifen concentrations in patients receiving single agent tamoxifen treatment within large prospective clinical trials with long-term survival to identify the Z-endoxifen concentration threshold below which tamoxifen is less efficacious. Identification of this concentration threshold would allow personalized tamoxifen treatment to improve outcomes in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
title: Tradition and change in Igbo food crop production systems : A geographical appraisal.
Creators: name: Uzozie, Levi Chukwuemeka
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1979

description: Few studies have been devoted exclusively to finding out how the Igbo food crop farmers operate, the patterns of production, the complex factors which affect their decisions, and how these change with time. This study attempts to analyse food crop production systems amongst the Igbo-speaking peoples explaining emergent patterns and changes in terms of the farmers' perceptions of the operational environment. It is an attempt to look at the agricultural system from the point of view of the practitioners - a fundamental departure from past emphasis on explanations based primarily on physical and economic factors. The Introductory chapter provides the background to the study. Then follows a review of agricultural location theories and a plea for more adequate behavioural - models for analysing traditional agricultural systems. Chapter III examines the physical environment which provides matter and energy essential for agricultural operation. Chapter IV examines the genesis of the food production systems and the changes brought about by contact with Europe, Asia and the Americas. Chapter V focuses attention on the present day cultivators, their notions of classification of natural phenomena including crops, land tenure systems and their relationships with agriculture. The goal orientations of the farmers, elements and structural organizations of the farming systems are then examined in Chapter VI as preparation for Chapter VII which deals with the emergent crop production patterns and the changes that have occurred between 1964 and 1977. The next chapter analyses the factors affecting the choice of crops and establishes the paramount importance of certain socio- personal factors. Chapter IX uses case studies of actual family farms to demonstrate the temporal nature of farmers' perceptions of the various factors, how the perceptions are translated into actual decisions, and how the decisions in turn affect the farming landscape. In conclusion, the major findings of the study are stated along with their implications for planning and reorganising traditional food crop production systems.
The self in the mirror: fostering researchers’ reflexivity in transdisciplinary and transformative studies at the science-policy interface
Creators: name: Seggern, Janne Von
name: Holst, Jorrit
name: Singer-Brodowski, Mandy
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: collaborative autoethnography
subject: Education for Sustainable Development
subject: reflexivity
subject: science-policy interface
subject: transdisciplinary and transformative research
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::001 Wissen

description: Reflexivity is a key expectation that researchers in transdisciplinary and transformative research for sustainable development need to meet. Its aim is to enable researchers to deal with normativity, to contribute to identifying and balancing different actors’ interests in processes of knowledge production, and to strengthen a pluralistic view of implicit assumptions. When designing and realizing transdisciplinary and transformative studies, researchers face a central question: How can we develop reflexive practices and live up to the demands of such work? Considering the important role that reflexivity plays in transdisciplinary approaches, it is surprising that only few approaches have explored the specific characteristics of reflexive practices empirically and analyzed how these practices are cultivated when doing transdisciplinary and transformative research. In this article we address this research gap by presenting and discussing a case in which researchers attempted to professionalize their reflexive practices at the science-policy interface (SPI). As part of the national Monitoring of Education for Sustainable Development in Germany, we used the method of collaborative autoethnography to systematically reflect on our own thinking and actions as researchers at the SPI over a period of 11 months. Based on an analysis of 66 situations in which we took field notes, we synthesized core topics of reflection and challenges encountered throughout the process (roles, relationship patterns, and normativity) in six collaborative interpretation sessions and analyzed them to understand our own practices of engagement within the field. Grounded in this analysis of our own selves as researchers looking in the mirror, we develop hypotheses about how our specific methodological approach helped us on a practical level to foster different kinds of reflexivity. With this two-fold approach, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of possible topics, challenges, and pathways of (increased) reflexivity among researchers working at the SPI.
Observational reinforcement learning in children and young adults
Creators: name: Rodriguez Buritica, Julia M.
name: Eppinger, Ben
name: Heekeren, Hauke R.
name: Crone, Eveline A.
name: Duijvenvoorde, Anna C. K. Van
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Reward
subject: Social neuroscience
subject: reinforcement learning
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: Observational learning is essential for the acquisition of new behavior in educational practices and daily life and serves as an important mechanism for human cognitive and social-emotional development. However, we know little about its underlying neurocomputational mechanisms from a developmental perspective. In this study we used model-based fMRI to investigate differences in observational learning and individual learning between children and younger adults. Prediction errors (PE), the difference between experienced and predicted outcomes, related positively to striatal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex activation during individual learning and showed no age-related differences. PE-related activation during observational learning was more pronounced when outcomes were worse than predicted. Particularly, negative PE-coding in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex was stronger in adults compared to children and was associated with improved observational learning in children and adults. The current findings pave the way to better understand observational learning challenges across development and educational settings.
Steering herds away from dangers in dynamic environments
Creators: name: Havermaet, Stef Van
name: Simoens, Pieter
name: Landgraf, Tim
name: Khaluf, Yara
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: decentralized decision-making
subject: shepherding
subject: collective motion
subject: multi-agent system
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Shepherding, the task of guiding a herd of autonomous individuals in a desired direction, is an essential skill to herd animals, enable crowd control and rescue from danger. Equipping robots with the capability of shepherding would allow performing such tasks with increased efficiency and reduced labour costs. So far, only single-robot or centralized multi-robot solutions have been proposed. The former is unable to observe dangers at any place surrounding the herd, and the latter does not generalize to unconstrained environments. Therefore, we propose a decentralized control algorithm for multi-robot shepherding, where the robots maintain a caging pattern around the herd to detect potential nearby dangers. When danger is detected, part of the robot swarm positions itself in order to repel the herd towards a safer region. We study the performance of our algorithm for different collective motion models of the herd. We task the robots to shepherd a herd to safety in two dynamic scenarios: (i) to avoid dangerous patches appearing over time and (ii) to remain inside a safe circular enclosure. Simulations show that the robots are always successful in shepherding when the herd remains cohesive, and enough robots are deployed.
title: The Sande society masks of the Mende of Sierra Leone.
Creators: name: Phillips, Ruth B.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1979

description: The dissertation is a monograph on the sowei (or bundu) masks of the Mende of Sierra Leone. Its aim is to provide information which will aid in the understanding of its symbolic forms and in the appreciation of its aesthetic qualities. The sowei masker personifies the sacred spirit of the Sande, a women's secret society, into which all Mende girls are initiated at puberty and which marks the transition from child to adult. Masking figures prominently in its public ceremonies and although the general features of the society have been studied no detailed information about the ritual context of masking has been made available. The first section of the thesis therefore describes Mende masking in general and the specific ritual context of Sande society masking in particular. The role of the carver in Mende society, his repertory, the mythological structure for the creation of sowei masks and the system of patronage are also described in order to present information essential to the art-historical investigation of the sowei mask which is the focus of the thesis. Several hundred sowei masks were documented photographically in the field. This sample includes a core group of eighty masks from one chiefdom in central Mendeland which was studied in depth to provide a basis for comparison of regional variation in iconographic motifs, ritual usage, and carving style. The iconography of the mask is analysed and with the use of early field photographs, old masks, and informant interviews several motifs are identified which have been misinterpreted in the literature. A further analysis of the personal names given to the sowei masks shows that these names repeatedly refer to certain central ideas which elucidate the symbolic meanings of the masks. Finally, the formal stylistic range of the sowei mask is studied. This discussion is based on a study of masks in museum collections as well as on field material. Regional variation in carving style as well as changes over the last one-hundred years are described, and the stylistic characteristics of the Gola, Vai, Sherbro-Bullom, Kpa-, Ko-, and Sewa Mende are identified. An analysis of the eighty masks from the core area permits an examination of the degree of variation found within one chiefdom and the ways in which individual artists respond to the positive value which the Mende place on innovative carving on the one hand, and the necessity of adhering to traditional norms on the other.
Advancements, deficiencies, and future necessities of studying Saprolegniales: A semi-quantitative review of 1073 published papers
Creators: name: Masigol, Hossein
name: West, Pieter Van
name: Taheri, Seyedeh Roksana
name: Fregeneda-Grandes, Juan-Miguel
name: Pârvulescu, Lucian
name: McLaggan, Debbie
name: Bliss, Tim Tobias
name: Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Reza
name: Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad
name: Grossart, Hans-Peter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Saprolegniales
subject: Aquatic ecology
subject: Taxonomy and phylogeny
subject: Food-webs
subject: Carbon cycling
subject: Oomycetes diversity
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Research on the order Saprolegniales (Oomycota) has been an ongoing quest for more than a century. The best studied genera are Saprolegnia and Aphanomyces, known for their pathogenicity on freshwater animals. In this study, we reviewed 1073 papers and 2803 ITS sequences of Saprolegniales to investigate their taxonomy, diversity and potential roles in mainly freshwater ecosytems. We found that, in general, our knowledge on diversity and ecology of Saprolegniales is limited. Neither classic taxonomy nor available molecular techniques have been sufficient to delineate genera and species and show their relative distribution in freshwater-associated habitats. Also, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of their involvement in carbon turnover and food web dynamics. Finally, due to lack of using high-throughput sequencing techniques, it is not clear how and to what extent communities of Saprolegniales might differ in freshwater econiches. Therefore, we provide a historical perspective on the establishment of Saprolegniales, explain improvements, highlight deficiencies, and finally propose new research avenues for more systematic studies. We conclude that challenges in studying Saprolegniales can be removed by increasing the practicality of classic taxonomy and applying available molecular toolboxes (multi-gene phylogeny and high-throughput sequencing). Additionally, inclusion of Saprolegniales in freshwater carbon cycling should be addressed for their better ecological resolution.
Supplemental Material, 8_20-0008_Table_S2_R2_final_rpw - Management and Outcomes of Diverticulitis After Lung Transplantation
Creators: name: Olson, Michael T.
name: Elnahas, Shaimaa
name: Dameworth, Jonathan
name: Row, David
name: Gagliano, Ronald A.
name: Sreeja Biswas Roy
name: Kang, Paul
name: Rajat Walia
name: Bremner, Ross M.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110323 Surgery

description: Supplemental Material, 8_20-0008_Table_S2_R2_final_rpw for Management and Outcomes of Diverticulitis After Lung Transplantation by Michael T. Olson, Shaimaa Elnahas, Jonathan Dameworth, David Row, Ronald A. Gagliano, Sreeja Biswas Roy, Paul Kang, Rajat Walia and Ross M. Bremner in Progress in Transplantation
Securing Pathways with Orthogonal Robots
Creators: name: Hoorfar, Hamid
name: Fathi, Faraneh
name: Largani, Sara Moshtaghi
name: Bagheri, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The protection of pathways holds immense significance across various domains, including urban planning, transportation, surveillance, and security. This article introduces a groundbreaking approach to safeguarding pathways by employing orthogonal robots. The study specifically addresses the challenge of efficiently guarding orthogonal areas with the minimum number of orthogonal robots. The primary focus is on orthogonal pathways, characterized by a path-like dual graph of vertical decomposition. It is demonstrated that determining the minimum number of orthogonal robots for pathways can be achieved in linear time. However, it is essential to note that the general problem of finding the minimum number of robots for simple polygons with general visibility, even in the orthogonal case, is known to be NP-hard. Emphasis is placed on the flexibility of placing robots anywhere within the polygon, whether on the boundary or in the interior.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
title: Land and social change in East Nepal.
Creators: name: Caplan, Lionel
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1966

description: This thesis examines some economic and political concomitants of a system of land tenure - called kipat - associated with the Bimbus, one of the peoples indigenous to East Nepal, It considers some of the ways in which this system affects social relationships both among the Limbus and between them and members of other groups, especially Brahmins. Particular attention is paid to the changes which have followed from alterations in the tenure system. The analysis is based on data collected in a cluster of settlements, inhabited mainly by Limbus, in the district of Ilam. Chapter I describes the environmental and historical background of the area, as well as certain cultural features associated with the principal groups inhabiting the settlements. Chapter II considers the nature of Limbu descent groups and their relations to land. The following chapter indicates how Government policy affected the availability of kipat land, and led to the emergence of the household - dealt with in Chapter IV - as the group with the greatest interests in this land. Two subsequent chapters dealt with economic ties resulting from heavy mortgaging of kipat land and the growth of commercial sources of income outside the agricultural economy. Chapter VII then considers the political configuration in the settlements with particular emphasis on leadership and the settlement of disputes. Factions, and their implications for Limbus are also dealt with Finally, Chapter VIII analyzes the structural cleavages between Limbus and Brahmins based primarily on the confrontation over land, and views its effects on relationships both within and outside the settlements.
ACTA_FINAL_Online_Supplementary_Materials - Why do people perceive themselves as being downwardly or upwardly mobile?
Creators: name: Gugushvili, Alexi
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: ACTA_FINAL_Online_Supplementary_Materials for Why do people perceive themselves as being downwardly or upwardly mobile? by Alexi Gugushvili in Acta Sociologica
Comparison of two molecular barcodes for the study of equine strongylid communities with amplicon sequencing
Creators: name: Courtot, Élise
name: Boisseau, Michel
name: Dhorne-Pollet, Sophie
name: Serreau, Delphine
name: Gesbert, Amandine
name: Reigner, Fabrice
name: Basiaga, Marta
name: Diekmann, Irina
name: Krücken, Jürgen
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Horse
subject: Parasite
subject: Nematode
subject: Cyathostomin
subject: Strongylid
subject: Internal transcribed spacer 2
subject: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
subject: Mitochondrial
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Basic knowledge on the biology and epidemiology of equine strongylid species still needs to be improved to contribute to the design of better parasite control strategies. Nemabiome metabarcoding is a convenient tool to quantify and identify species in bulk samples that could overcome the hurdle that cyathostomin morphological identification represents. To date, this approach has relied on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) of the ribosomal RNA gene, with a limited investigation of its predictive performance for cyathostomin communities. Using DNA pools of single cyathostomin worms, this study aimed to provide the first elements to compare performances of the ITS-2 and a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode newly developed in this study. Barcode predictive abilities were compared across various mock community compositions of two, five and 11 individuals from distinct species. The amplification bias of each barcode was estimated. Results were also compared between various types of biological samples, i.e., eggs, infective larvae or adults. Bioinformatic parameters were chosen to yield the closest representation of the cyathostomin community for each barcode, underscoring the need for communities of known composition for metabarcoding purposes. Overall, the proposed COI barcode was suboptimal relative to the ITS-2 rDNA region, because of PCR amplification biases, reduced sensitivity and higher divergence from the expected community composition. Metabarcoding yielded consistent community composition across the three sample types. However, imperfect correlations were found between relative abundances from infective larvae and other life-stages for Cylicostephanus species using the ITS-2 barcode. While the results remain limited by the considered biological material, they suggest that additional improvements are needed for both the ITS-2 and COI barcodes.
title: Some aspects of the relationship of political and constitutional theories to the constitutional evolution of India and Pakistan, with special reference to the period 1919-1956.
Creators: name: Barua, Benu P.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1967

description: This thesis is a study of those political and constitutional theories which mainly since 1919 had their impact on the constitutional evolution of India and Pakistan, The introductory chapter begins with a brief account of the constitutional and political background. An attempt has been made to make a comparative analysis of the constitution-making processes of four countries: the U.S.A. and France, representing the democracies in the West; and Turkey and Japan, representing Asia. The second chapter is devoted to the constitutional discussions in India during the period 1919-1935. The third and fourth chapters analyse the constitutional and political ideas put forth by Hindu and Muslim thinkers. Although the Hindu and Muslim leaders concentrated on the ultimate goal of political freedom from British rule, this study considers in some detail to what extent there was coherent thinking on the system of government to be established in independent India and Pakistan. The fifth and sixth chapters deal with constitution-making in independent India and Pakistan. The final chapter tries to analyse the major influences which shaped constitution-making in both India and Pakistan.
11_19-0167_Supplementary_Figure_1_final_rpw_(1) - Informed Clustering of Donation Service Areas for Improved Benchmarking
Creators: name: Noreen, Samantha M.
name: Rosendale, John
name: Carrico, Robert J.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110323 Surgery

description: 11_19-0167_Supplementary_Figure_1_final_rpw_(1) for Informed Clustering of Donation Service Areas for Improved Benchmarking by Samantha M. Noreen, John Rosendale and Robert J. Carrico in Progress in Transplantation
Polymorphic Records for Dynamic Languages
Creators: name: Castagna, Giuseppe
name: Peyrot, Loïc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.3; D.1.1

description: We define and study "row polymorphism" for a type system with set-theoretic types, specifically union, intersection, and negation types. We consider record types that embed row variables and define a subtyping relation by interpreting types into sets of record values and by defining subtyping as the containment of interpretations. We define a functional calculus equipped with operations for field extension, selection, and deletion, its operational semantics, and a type system that we prove to be sound. We provide algorithms for deciding the typing and subtyping relations.
 This research is motivated by the current trend of defining static type system for dynamic languages and, in our case, by an ongoing effort of endowing the Elixir programming language with a gradual type system.
title: The first Hebrew novel: A critical study and translation of: "Ahavath Ziyyon," by Abraham Mapu.
Creators: name: Ibbetson, Ruth
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1967

description: This first novel written in Hebrew was published in 1853. The Thesis is divided into eight sections. 1) A brief account of such events as affected the Author and some details of the history and geography of that part of eastern Europe where he spent his life; with special reference to the peculiar position of the Jews within the various communities. 2) The biography of the Author tells of the cultural and family influences which shaped his work. 3) This deals with six European writers of romances; with a brief biography of each and a summing up of the general style and layout of the romantic novel and how Ahavath Ziyyon conforms. The other five chapters treat with different aspects of the novel: 4) the actual choice of characters and their names; 5) the setting 6) the plot and themes; 7) the characterisations; 8) the style and language. The Index lists the various headings of the points that are discussed. The numbers in the margin refer to the footnotes; these of each chapter being collected together and inserted at its end. The Hebrew Appendix (H.A.) contains all the Hebrew terms included and is placed at the end of the Thesis. In the Translation literal renderings of the words have been used rather than a paraphrase. The novel's setting is at the time of Isaiah, and the language is a skillful blend of biblical idiom, grammar, and style, taken from the whole Bible. Nevertheless, it helps convey the feeling of an historical background. But, on examination the arguments and ideas are those of the Author's own period. A language assumes distinct styles in different times although each form relates to the others. However, the 17th.century English of the Authorised Version cannot be called biblical English as compared to biblical Hebrew and to translate into such a form would make the work stilted. But, since the writing is based so closely on biblical quotations, a Concordance was used rather than an ordinary Dictionary, and the numbers in the margin refer to two lists of many of these quotes, in both English and Hebrew, included at the end of the Novel.
title: A price stabilisation model for Pakistan jute.
Creators: name: Huq, Abul Kalam Muhammad Sayeedul
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1966

description: This study is divided into four main Chapters. In the opening Chapter the relevant background information regarding the Pakistan economy and fluctuations in jute output and prices are collected. The small individual peasants of East Pakistan who produce the bulk of total jute output are found to be highly responsive to changes in the relative prices of jute and rice (the substitute crop) with a lag of one year. This lag structure in the price-supply relationship results in cobweb type fluctuations of the relative prices of jute and rice and the production of jute. The statistical evidence is that year to year fluctuations in the total export proceeds from raw jute are more closely related to the fluctuations in the export volume than to those in the export price. On the basis of the statistical evidence of Chapter I, the jute policies of the government of Pakistan and some other general stabilisation schemes proposed by several economists are examined in the following two Chapters. It was found that the Pakistan government schemes for jute price stabilisation were ineffective mainly because the important relationship between the supply of jute in any season and the relative prices of jute and rice in the preceding season was ignored. For the same reason also the Bauer-Paish scheme was not found to be suitable for Pakistan jute. In the concluding Chapter, a Price Stabilisation Model for Pakistan jute is proposed and tested with empirical data. The object of the suggested scheme, by eliminating (or atleast reducing) the cobweb cycle in the relative price and production of raw jute, is to keep the country's net gains from jute production and export at the maximum level. The main mechanism relied upon in the proposed model is to project optimum production quantity and then by setting the appropriate producer price, attempt to induce the growers to produce this optimum quantity. The producer price is to be announced well before the sowing starts for both jute and rice for the period concerned so that the jute/rice growers can make the necessary allocation of land and other resources between the two alternative crops. Any unforeseen changes in demand and/or in the planned output of jute are to be met from a national buffer stock, the operation of which will be relatively easy in the proposed scheme. As the supply of jute is to be adjusted to changing demand conditions, year to year fluctuations in the export price of raw jute would be comparatively small.
title: Studies in the social background to the "Arabian Nights".
Creators: name: Mukhlis, Naziha
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1968

description: CHAPTER I This chapter deals with the history and origin of the "Nights", and shows that the development of its contents have taken place in phases. The non-extant Baghdadi collection of the "Nights " is investigated in the light of an existing early collection of stories similar to the "Nights" in contents and background. CHAPTER II An attempt is made here to assess the place of the 'Abbasid aristocracy, and to demonstrate striking social changes at the court. Special attention is given to the historicity of the Caliphs' stories. CHAPTER III The background to the Middle-class of the "Nights" is discussed to show the significant changes in the spheres of commerce and culture. Special attention is given to trade, travels and business. The conditions and status of the merchant class are also discussed here. CHAPTER IV The economic and social gulf between the upper classes and the lower class is carefully examined. The chapter discusses in some detail the craft-guilds and other organisations of the people of the lower-classes. CHAPTER V Aspects of the relations between Muslims and non-Muslims are explored, and special attention is given to martial relations. The social, economic and cultural standards of the Dhimmis are discussed to assess their status in Muslim society. CHAPTER VI This chapter deals with Islamic institutions and customs and throws light on the position of women under Islam. The division between free and slave women is pointed out, and the effects of this division on moral and social attitudes are discussed. The picture of womenhood in the "Nights" is correlated with evidence from other Arabic sources. Special attention is given to the educated and fictitious women presented in the "Nights".
Cy3-Based Nanoviscosity Determination of Mucus: Effect of Mucus Collection Methods and Antibiotics Treatment
Creators: name: Gottwald, Jacqueline
name: Balke, Jens
name: Stellmacher, Johannes
name: Vorst, Kira Van
name: Ghazisaeed, Fereshteh
name: Fulde, Marcus
name: Alexiev, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: antibiotics
subject: antibiotics effect on gastrointestinal tract
subject: cyanine 3
subject: ex vivo mucus viscosity
subject: fluorescent molecular rotors
subject: mucus nanoviscosity
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The integrity of the protective mucus layer as a primary defense against pathogen invasion and microbial leakage into the intestinal epithelium can be compromised by the effects of antibiotics on the commensal microbiome. Changes in mucus integrity directly affect the solvent viscosity in the immediate vicinity of the mucin network, i.e., the nanoviscosity, which in turn affects both biochemical reactions and selective transport. To assess mucus nanoviscosity, a reliable readout via the viscosity-dependent fluorescence lifetime of the molecular rotor dye Cy3 is established and nanoviscosities from porcine and murine ex vivo mucus are determined. To account for different mucin concentrations due to the removal of digestive residues during mucus collection, the power law dependence of mucin concentration on viscosity is used. The impact of antibiotics combinations (meropenem/vancomycin, gentamycin/ampicillin) on ex vivo intestinal mucus nanoviscosity is presented. The significant increase in viscosity of murine intestinal mucus after treatment suggests an effect of antibiotics on the microbiota that affects mucus integrity. The presented method will be a useful tool to assess how drugs, directly or indirectly, affect mucus integrity. Additionally, the method can be utilized to analyze the role of mucus nanoviscosity in health and disease, as well as in drug development.
LSCPM: communities in massive real-world Link Streams by Clique Percolation Method
Creators: name: Baudin, Alexis
name: Tabourier, Lionel
name: Magnien, Clémence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Community detection is a popular approach to understand the organization of interactions in static networks. For that purpose, the Clique Percolation Method (CPM), which involves the percolation of k-cliques, is a well-studied technique that offers several advantages. Besides, studying interactions that occur over time is useful in various contexts, which can be modeled by the link stream formalism. The Dynamic Clique Percolation Method (DCPM) has been proposed for extending CPM to temporal networks.
 However, existing implementations are unable to handle massive datasets. We present a novel algorithm that adapts CPM to link streams, which has the advantage that it allows us to speed up the computation time with respect to the existing DCPM method. We evaluate it experimentally on real datasets and show that it scales to massive link streams. For example, it allows to obtain a complete set of communities in under twenty-five minutes for a dataset with thirty million links, what the state of the art fails to achieve even after a week of computation. We further show that our method provides communities similar to DCPM, but slightly more aggregated. We exhibit the relevance of the obtained communities in real world cases, and show that they provide information on the importance of vertices in the link streams.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, to be published in 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)
title: Methode zur Quantifizierung optischer Eigenschaften von Lichtleitermaterialien
Creators: name: Grunenberg, Bjarne
name: Helmer, Melanie
name: Wepfer, Svenja
name: Lachmayer, Roland
Publisher: name: TU Ilmenau
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Transmissionsmessung
subject: physiologische Wahrnehmung
subject: Lichtleiter
subject: 621.3

description: Im Automobil werden für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen Lichtleitermaterialien eingesetzt, etwa in Form von Linsen in Scheinwerfern, Abdeckscheiben vor Lichtquellen oder Lichtleitern im Fahrzeuginnenraum. Aus diesem breiten Spektrum von Anwendungsfällen und sich stetig verändernden Anforderungen ergibt sich eine ständig steigende Auswahl an Lichtleitermaterialien. Diese Materialien unterscheiden sich wesentlich in ihren physikalischen Eigenschaften, die es sowohl messtechnisch als auch physiologisch zu bewerten gilt. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass die Materialien die vorgegebenen Anforderungen, beispielsweise bezüglich gewünschter Lichtverteilung und Farbhomogenität, erfüllen. Bisher dient vor allem die Transmissionsmessung nach DIN EN ISO 13468 zur Bewertung von Lichtleitermaterialien. Anhand dieser lässt sich die Transmission von Lichtleitstrecken bis ca. 10 mm spektral aufgelöst messen und bewerten. Allerdings betragen typische Lichtleitstrecken im Fahrzeug 25 mm bis 850 mm und sind folglich um ein Vielfaches größer als die bisher in der Norm berücksichtigte Lichtleitstrecke. Daher ist eine Extrapolation der Transmissionsmesswerte nach DIN EN ISO 13468 in Verbindung mit anwendungsspezifischen Versuchen erforderlich, die häufig auf eine experimentelle Herangehensweise zurückgreifen. Diese Versuche sind zum einen ressourcen-, zeit- und kostenintensiv, zum anderen ist eine allgemeingültige und objektive physiologische Beurteilung der Materialien schwierig. Aus diesem Grund ist eine Methode entwickelt worden, die – im Gegensatz zu der DIN EN ISO 13468 – die optischen Eigenschaften von Lichtleitermaterialien unter Berücksichtigung längerer Lichtleitstrecken und gleichzeitig deren physiologischen Aspekte beurteilt.
description: Lux junior 2024: 17. Internationales Forum für den lichttechnischen Nachwuchs, 6. – 8. September 2024, Ilmenau : Tagungsband, p. 95
Bioreceptivity of concrete: A review
Creators: name: Stohl, Leonie
name: Manninger, Tanja
name: Werder, Julia Von
name: Dehn, Frank
name: Gorbushina, Anna
name: Meng, Birgit
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bioreceptivity
subject: Biofilm
subject: Concrete
subject: Green facades
subject: Developing building materials
subject: Surface interactions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Materials that support natural biodiversity on their surfaces can compensate for human activities that have a negative impact on nature and thus contribute to a carbon-neutral and nature-positive world. Specifically designing bioreceptive materials which favor the growth of biofilms on their surface is an approach complementing conventional, macroscopic green façades. But what exactly characterizes a bioreceptive substrate and how do biofilm and substrate interact? How and why does a spontaneous colonization and the formation of biofilms take place? What are biofilms and how can they be established in a laboratory setting? How can this existing knowledge be transferred to the artificial stone concrete so that this material can be tuned to increase (or decrease) its bioreceptivity? This review paper aims at summarizing the existing state of knowledge on bioreceptive concrete and pointing out inconsistencies and contradictions which can only be removed by more interdisciplinary research in the field.
Mapper of the IGM spin temperature: instrument overview
Creators: name: Monsalve, R. A.
name: Altamirano, C.
name: Bidula, V.
name: Bustos, R.
name: Bye, C. H.
name: Chiang, H. C.
name: Diaz, M.
name: Fernandez, B.
name: Guo, X.
name: Hendricksen, I.
name: Hornecker, E.
name: Lucero, F.
name: Mani, H.
name: McGee, F.
name: Mena, F. P.
name: Pessoa, M.
name: Prabhakar, G.
name: Restrepo, O.
name: Sievers, J. L.
name: Thyagarajan, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of the global 21 cm signal produced by neutral hydrogen gas in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn, and Epoch of Reionization requires measurements with extremely well-calibrated wideband radiometers. We describe the design and characterization of the Mapper of the IGM Spin Temperature (MIST), which is a new ground-based, single-antenna, global 21 cm experiment. The design of MIST was guided by the objectives of avoiding systematics from an antenna ground plane and cables around the antenna, as well as maximizing the instrument's on-sky efficiency and portability for operations at remote sites. We have built two MIST instruments, which observe in the range 25-105 MHz. For the 21 cm signal, this frequency range approximately corresponds to redshifts 55.5 > z > 12.5, encompassing the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn. The MIST antenna is a horizontal blade dipole of 2.42 m in length, 60 cm in width, and 52 cm in height above the ground. This antenna operates without a metal ground plane. The instruments run on 12 V batteries and have a maximum power consumption of 17 W. The batteries and electronics are contained in a single receiver box located under the antenna. We present the characterization of the instruments using electromagnetic simulations and lab measurements. We also show sample sky measurements from recent observations at remote sites in California, Nevada, and the Canadian High Arctic. These measurements indicate that the instruments perform as expected. Detailed analyses of the sky measurements are left for future work.
description: Matches version published in MNRAS
Salunkhe_et_al._-_Endo_-_Revised_Supplementary_Material_-_JAD_-_Submission – Supplemental material for Examining the Overlap Between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using Candidate Endophenotypes of ADHD
Creators: name: G. Salunkhe
name: K. Weissbrodt
name: B. Feige
name: C. W. N. Saville
name: A. Berger
name: N. M. Dundon
name: S. Bender
name: N. Smyrnis
name: A. Beauducel
name: M. Biscaldi
name: C. Klein
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Supplemental material, Salunkhe_et_al._-_Endo_-_Revised_Supplementary_Material_-_JAD_-_Submission for Examining the Overlap Between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Using Candidate Endophenotypes of ADHD by G. Salunkhe, K. Weissbrodt, B. Feige, C. W. N. Saville, A. Berger, N. M. Dundon, S. Bender, N. Smyrnis, A. Beauducel, M. Biscaldi and C. Klein in Journal of Attention Disorders
title: The role of women in selected pastoral Islamic societies.
Creators: name: Tapper, Nancy Starr Self
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1968

description: The purpose of this thesis is two-fold: first, to discuss the activities of the women of the Shahsavan tribe of North-eastern Azerbaijan, Iran, and to consider the women's sub-society in which all Shahsavan women participate, and secondly, to determine the extent to which the three requirements abstracted from the Shahsavan material and essential to the development of such a sub-society can be used as predictive tools when applied to other communities. In Part 1, a brief introduction to the concept 'women's sub-society' is presented, and the selection of societies to be used for comparison is considered. Part 2 includes a presentation of the Shahsavan material: Shahsavan attitudes to women, women's daily activities, and those activities - particularly feast-going - which provide a basis for the women's sub-society. In Parts 3 and 4 comparative material, on the Pastoral Fulani, and the Tuareg of the Sahara respectively, is examined in terms of the requirements essential to the development of a women's sub-society; it is suggested that the existence of a women's sub-society is not unlikely among the Pastoral Fulani, whereas among the Tuareg, where the three requirements are not met, this does not seem to be the case, A broader perspective is presented in Part 5; the implications of a women's sub-society, particularly as it acts as an information service, a means of social control, and a possible psychological outlet for women, are examined in terms of societies other than those which are nomadic, Muslim, and male-dominated.
Bacteriological examination in place in five European countries to assess carcass fitness for consumption during meat inspection
Creators: name: Laukkanen-Ninios, Riikka
name: Langkabel, Nina
name: Ghidini, Sergio
name: Pikkemaat, Mariel
name: Biesta-Peters, Elisabeth G.
name: Ark, Kees Van Der
name: Alban, Lis
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Meat inspection
subject: Laboratory
subject: Bacteriological examination
subject: Fitness for consumption
subject: EU legislation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: In the European Union, bacteriological examination (BE) can be used as a decision support tool for an individual slaughter animal, if a clear decision regarding fitness for human consumption cannot be reached after performing the post-mortem meat inspection at the abattoir. The mandatory use of BE started already in the beginning of 20th century and the methods have since evolved in the different countries using it. Although still in use, discussions have taken place on whether BE is still a useful part of meat inspection. Currently, there is no European consensus regarding how to set up the methods or how to interpret the results. Still, there is a need to avoid unnecessary food waste, while at the same time guaranteeing food safety. In this descriptive study, we mapped the BE methods currently used in five European countries, namely Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. The results show there is considerable variation between the countries regarding the specific analyses, sample matrices and media used. There is also variation in the indications when BE should be performed as well as when the results lead to condemnation. Although the results will be interpreted together with the pathological findings in the carcass, clearly written instructions should be available on how to interpret the results and when to perform condemnation. BE is used more often for cattle than for pigs, and e.g., in Denmark, BE is not used for pigs due to costs. Although BE can still be used to detect animals with a generalised infection at the time of slaughter, other methods that would be easier to standardise and accredit should be developed.
An exhaustive ADDIS principle for online FWER control
Creators: name: Fischer, Lasse
name: Roig, Marta Bofill
name: Brannath, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we consider online multiple testing with familywise error rate (FWER) control, where the probability of committing at least one type I error shall remain under control while testing a possibly infinite sequence of hypotheses over time. Currently, Adaptive-Discard (ADDIS) procedures seem to be the most promising online procedures with FWER control in terms of power. Now, our main contribution is a uniform improvement of the ADDIS principle and thus of all ADDIS procedures. This means, the methods we propose reject as least as much hypotheses as ADDIS procedures and in some cases even more, while maintaining FWER control. In addition, we show that there is no other FWER controlling procedure that enlarges the event of rejecting any hypothesis. Finally, we apply the new principle to derive uniform improvements of the ADDIS-Spending and ADDIS-Graph.