cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The prototype development of traceability system ofLSB steganography in image files with Base64 and MD5 encoding
Creators: name: Paisan Simalaotao
Publisher: name: Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University
Year: 2019
Subjects: traceability system, cryptography, steganography, least significant bits, MD5, base64

description: Journal of Thai Interdisciplinary Research, 14, 1, 29
title: Detecting small-scale spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks
title: a comparison between automatic chamber-derived C budgets and repeated soil inventories
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Mathias
name: Jurisch, Nicole
name: Alba, Juana Garcia
name: Borraz, Elisa Albiac
name: Schmidt, Marten
name: Huth, Vytas
name: Rogasik, Helmut
name: Rieckh, Helene
name: Verch, Gernot
name: Sommer, Michael
name: Augustin, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Carbon (C) sequestration in soils plays a key role in the global C cycle. It is therefore crucial to adequately monitor dynamics in soil organic carbon (Delta SOC) stocks when aiming to reveal underlying processes and potential drivers. However, small-scale spatial (10-30 m) and temporal changes in SOC stocks, particularly pronounced in arable lands, are hard to assess. The main reasons for this are limitations of the well-established methods. On the one hand, repeated soil inventories, often used in long-term field trials, reveal spatial patterns and trends in Delta SOC but require a longer observation period and a sufficient number of repetitions. On the other hand, eddy covariance measurements of C fluxes towards a complete C budget of the soil-plant-atmosphere system may help to obtain temporal Delta SOC patterns but lack small-scale spatial resolution.

To overcome these limitations, this study presents a reliable method to detect both short-term temporal dynamics as well as small-scale spatial differences of Delta SOC using measurements of the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) as a proxy. To estimate the NECB, a combination of automatic chamber (AC) measurements of CO2 exchange and empirically modeled aboveground biomass development (NPPshoot / were used. To verify our method, results were compared with Delta SOC observed by soil resampling.

Soil resampling and AC measurements were performed from 2010 to 2014 at a colluvial depression located in the hummocky ground moraine landscape of northeastern Germany. The measurement site is characterized by a variable groundwater level (GWL) and pronounced small-scale spatial heterogeneity regarding SOC and nitrogen (Nt) stocks. Tendencies and magnitude of Delta SOC values derived by AC measurements and repeated soil inventories corresponded well. The period of maximum plant growth was identified as being most important for the development of spatial differences in annual Delta SOC. Hence, we were able to confirm that AC-based C budgets are able to reveal small-scale spatial differences and short-term temporal dynamics of Delta SOC.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 666
title: Expérience lyonnaise de la neuro orthopédie du membre supérieur Stabilisation du poignet spastique : transfert tendineux ou arthrodèse ?
Creators: name: L. Erhard
name: M. Buffard
Publisher: name: Société Française d’Orthopédie Pédiatrique (SOFOP)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: arthrodese
subject: tendineux
subject: poignet

description: La décision d’intervenir sur une main spastique repose sur des examens cliniques répétés avec généralement au moins une consultation multidisciplinaire. Cette consultation se fait en présence de l’enfant et de ses parents, des médecins rééducateurs et pédiatres du centre des Massues, des ergothérapeutes, d’un neurochirurgien spécialisé dans la chirurgie de la spasticité (équipe du Pr Mertens) et d’un orthopédiste spécialisé du membre supérieur rompu à la neuro-orthopédie. L’analyse repose sur la revue des bilans d’ergothérapie qui donnent les différentes classifications fonctionnelles (Zancolli, House, Corry), le bilan clinique détaillé (mobilités passives et actives, force, évaluation de la sensibilité), le bilan fonctionnel (performance globale du membre supérieur, performance bimanuelle). Un point est fait sur les attentes du patient et de sa famille, l’effet des toxines, d’éventuels blocs moteurs, sur le port et effet des orthèses qui sont parfois portées pour simuler une intervention. Les films sont visionnés et les objectifs clairement définis (1).
title: Ocean acidification impacts bacteria–phytoplankton coupling at low-nutrient conditions
Creators: name: Hornick, Thomas
name: Bach, Lennart T.
name: Crawfurd, Katharine J.
name: Spilling, Kristian
name: Achterberg, Eric P.
name: Woodhouse, Jason N.
name: Schulz, Kai Georg
name: Brussaard, Corina P. D.
name: Riebesell, Ulf
name: Grossart, Hans-Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The oceans absorb about a quarter of the annually produced anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in a decrease in surface water pH, a process termed ocean acidification (OA). Surprisingly little is known about how OA affects the physiology of heterotrophic bacteria or the coupling of heterotrophic bacteria to phytoplankton when nutrients are limited. Previous experiments were, for the most part, undertaken during productive phases or following nutrient additions designed to stimulate algal blooms. Therefore, we performed an in situ large-volume mesocosm (similar to 55 m(3)) experiment in the Baltic Sea by simulating different fugacities of CO2 (fCO(2)) extending from present to future conditions. The study was conducted in July-August after the nominal spring bloom, in order to maintain low-nutrient conditions throughout the experiment. This resulted in phytoplankton communities dominated by small-sized functional groups (picophytoplankton). There was no consistent fCO(2)-induced effect on bacterial protein production (BPP), cell-specific BPP (csBPP) or biovolumes (BVs) of either free-living (FL) or particle-associated (PA) heterotrophic bacteria, when considered as individual components (univariate analyses). Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) revealed a significant effect of the fCO(2) treatment on entire assemblages of dissolved and particulate nutrients, metabolic parameters and the bacteria-phytoplankton community. However, distance-based linear modelling only identified fCO(2) as a factor explaining the variability observed amongst the microbial community composition, but not for explaining variability within the metabolic parameters. This suggests that fCO(2) impacts on microbial metabolic parameters occurred indirectly through varying physicochemical parameters and microbial species composition. Cluster analyses examining the co-occurrence of different functional groups of bacteria and phytoplankton further revealed a separation of the four fCO(2)-treated mesocosms from both control mesocosms, indicating that complex trophic interactions might be altered in a future acidified ocean. Possible consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon export are still largely unknown, in particular in a nutrient-limited ocean.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 667
The Simultaneous Medicina-Planck Experiment (SiMPlE): data acquisition, reduction and first results
Creators: name: Procopio, P.
name: Massardi, M.
name: Righini, S.
name: Zanichelli, A.
name: Ricciardi, S.
name: Libardi, P.
name: Burigana, C.
name: Cuttaia, F.
name: Mack, K. -H.
name: Terenzi, L.
name: Villa, F.
name: Bonavera, L.
name: Morgante, G.
name: Trigilio, C.
name: Trombetti, T.
name: Umana, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Simultaneous Medicina-{\it Planck} Experiment (SiMPlE) is aimed at observing a selected sample of 263 extragalactic and Galactic sources with the Medicina 32-m single dish radio telescope in the same epoch as the Planck satellite observations. The data acquired with a frequency coverage down to 5 GHz, also combined with Planck at frequencies above 30 GHz, will constitute a useful reference catalogue of bright sources over the whole Northern hemisphere. Furthermore, source observations performed in different epochs and comparison with other catalogues allow the investigation of source variabilities on different timescales. In this work, we describe the sample selection, the on-going data acquisition campaign, the data reduction procedures, the developed tools, and the comparison with other data-sets. We present the data at 5 and 8.3 GHz for the SiMPlE Northern Sample consisting of 79 sources with $δ\geq 45^\circ$ selected in our catalogue and observed during the first 6 months of the project. A first analysis of their spectral behaviour and long-term variability is also presented.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, submitted to MNRAS
title: Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia)
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard
name: Raschke, Elena
name: Epp, Laura Saskia
name: Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosmarie
name: Schwamborn, Georg
name: Schirrmeister, Lutz
name: Overduin, Pier Paul
name: Herzschuh, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Organic matter deposited in ancient, ice-rich permafrost sediments is vulnerable to climate change and may contribute to the future release of greenhouse gases; it is thus important to get a better characterization of the plant organic matter within such sediments. From a Late Quaternary permafrost sediment core from the Buor Khaya Peninsula, we analysed plant-derived sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) to identify the taxonomic composition of plant organic matter, and undertook palynological analysis to assess the environmental conditions during deposition. Using sedaDNA, we identified 154 taxa and from pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs we identified 83 taxa. In the deposits dated between 54 and 51 kyr BP, sedaDNA records a diverse low-centred polygon plant community including recurring aquatic pond vegetation while from the pollen record we infer terrestrial open-land vegetation with relatively dry environmental conditions at a regional scale. A fluctuating dominance of either terrestrial or swamp and aquatic taxa in both proxies allowed the local hydrological development of the polygon to be traced. In deposits dated between 11.4 and 9.7 kyr BP (13.4-11.1 cal kyr BP), sedaDNA shows a taxonomic turnover to moist shrub tundra and a lower taxonomic richness compared to the older samples. Pollen also records a shrub tundra community, mostly seen as changes in relative proportions of the most dominant taxa, while a decrease in taxonomic richness was less pronounced compared to sedaDNA. Our results show the advantages of using sedaDNA in combination with palynological analyses when macrofossils are rarely preserved. The high resolution of the sedaDNA record provides a detailed picture of the taxonomic composition of plant-derived organic matter throughout the core, and palynological analyses prove valuable by allowing for inferences of regional environmental conditions.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 670
Universal quantum computation with the Orbital Angular Momentum of a single photon
Creators: name: Garcia-Escartin, Juan Carlos
name: Chamorro-Posada, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that a single photon with quantum data encoded in its orbital angular momentum can be manipulated with simple optical elements to provide any desired quantum computation. We will show how to build any quantum unitary operator using beamsplitters, phase shifters, holograms and an extraction gate based on quantum interrogation. The advantages and challenges of these approach are then discussed, in particular the problem of the readout of the results.
description: First version. Comments welcome
title: Multi-scale event synchronization analysis for unravelling climate processes
title: a wavelet-based approach
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Agarwal, Ankit
name: Marwan, Norbert
name: Rathinasamy, Maheswaran
name: Merz, Bruno
name: Kurths, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The temporal dynamics of climate processes are spread across different timescales and, as such, the study of these processes at only one selected timescale might not reveal the complete mechanisms and interactions within and between the (sub-) processes. To capture the non-linear interactions between climatic events, the method of event synchronization has found increasing attention recently. The main drawback with the present estimation of event synchronization is its restriction to analysing the time series at one reference timescale only. The study of event synchronization at multiple scales would be of great interest to comprehend the dynamics of the investigated climate processes. In this paper, the wavelet-based multi-scale event synchronization (MSES) method is proposed by combining the wavelet transform and event synchronization. Wavelets are used extensively to comprehend multi-scale processes and the dynamics of processes across various timescales. The proposed method allows the study of spatio-temporal patterns across different timescales. The method is tested on synthetic and real-world time series in order to check its replicability and applicability. The results indicate that MSES is able to capture relationships that exist between processes at different timescales.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 661
Lateral Signals in Piezoresponse Force Microscopy at Domain Boundaries of Ferroelectric Crystals
Creators: name: Johann, Florian
name: Jungk, Tobias
name: Lilienblum, Martin
name: Hoffmann, Ákos
name: Soergel, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In piezoresponse force microscopy a lateral signal at the domain boundaries is occasionally observed. In recent years, a couple of experiments have been reported and varying explanations for the origin of this lateral signal have been proposed. Additionally, elaborated theoretical modeling for this particular issue has been carried out. Here we present experimental data obtained on different crystallographic cuts of $\rm LiNbO_3$, $\rm BaTiO_3$, and $\rm KTiOPO_4$ single crystals. We could thereby rule out some of the explanations proposed so far, introduce another possible mechanism, and quantitatively compare our results to the existing modeling.
title: New insights into flood warning reception and emergency response by affected parties
Creators: name: Kreibich, Heidi
name: Müller, Meike
name: Schröter, Kai
name: Thieken, Annegret Henriette
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Flood damage can be mitigated if the parties at risk are reached by flood warnings and if they know how to react appropriately. To gain more knowledge about warning reception and emergency response of private households and companies, surveys were undertaken after the August 2002 and the June 2013 floods in Germany. Despite pronounced regional differences, the results show a clear overall picture: in 2002, early warnings did not work well; e.g. many households (27 %) and companies (45 %) stated that they had not received any flood warnings. Additionally, the preparedness of private households and companies was low in 2002, mainly due to a lack of flood experience. After the 2002 flood, many initiatives were launched and investments undertaken to improve flood risk management, including early warnings and an emergency response in Germany. In 2013, only a small share of the affected households (5 %) and companies (3 %) were not reached by any warnings. Additionally, private households and companies were better prepared. For instance, the share of companies which have an emergency plan in place has increased from 10% in 2002 to 34% in 2013. However, there is still room for improvement, which needs to be triggered mainly by effective risk and emergency communication. The challenge is to continuously maintain and advance an integrated early warning and emergency response system even without the occurrence of extreme floods.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 659
Database on Spatial Features and Distribution of Third Country Nationals
Creators: name: Laner, Peter
name: Bona, Marzia
name: Kordel, Stefan
name: Schorner, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: third country nationals
TCNs
spatial features
migration impact
rural and mountain regions

description: The database collects indicators of TCNs as well as three dimensions of spatial features: territorial dimension, socioeconomic dimension, and the infrastructure development dimension. The territorial dimension on the one hand includes data from existing analysis at European level on regional typologies. On the other hand, it provides land cover data. The socioeconomic dimension includes demographic data on population size, composition and population change, as well as economic data on productivity, labour market, risk of poverty and education. The infrastructural dimension provides data to access to Services of General Interest (SGI).
title: A dual-biomarker approach for quantification of changes in relative humidity from sedimentary lipid D/H ratios
Creators: name: Rach, Oliver
name: Kahmen, Ansgar
name: Brauer, Achim
name: Sachse, Dirk
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Past climatic change can be reconstructed from sedimentary archives by a number of proxies. However, few methods exist to directly estimate hydrological changes and even fewer result in quantitative data, impeding our understanding of the timing, magnitude and mechanisms of hydrological changes.

Here we present a novel approach based on delta H-2 values of sedimentary lipid biomarkers in combination with plant physiological modeling to extract quantitative information on past changes in relative humidity. Our initial application to an annually laminated lacustrine sediment sequence from western Europe deposited during the Younger Dryas cold period revealed relative humidity changes of up to 15% over sub-centennial timescales, leading to major ecosystem changes, in agreement with palynological data from the region. We show that by combining organic geochemical methods and mechanistic plant physiological models on well characterized lacustrine archives it is possible to extract quantitative ecohydrological parameters from sedimentary lipid biomarker delta H-2 data.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 660
title: COVA CCI Undergrad Cyber Research
Creators: name: Jeffrey, Nana
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Is your digital assistant your worst enemy? Modern technology has impacted our lives in a positive way making tasks that were once time consuming become more convenient. For example a few years ago writing down your grocery list with a paper and pen was a norm, now with technology we have access to IoT devices such as smart fridges that can inform us on what items are low in stock, send a message to our digital assistants such as iOS Siri and Amazon's Alexa to remind us to buy those groceries. Although these digital assistants have helped make our daily lives more convenient, they have access to a lot of users' information. As digital assistants continue to advance and become a part of our daily lives, our data will continue to be susceptible to attackers stealing information. It is important for companies to implement privacy tools and guidelines in order to keep our users safe from these types of attacks.
The CHESS chemical Herschel surveys of star forming regions: Peering into the protostellar shock L1157-B1. I. Shock chemical complexity
Creators: name: Codella, C.
name: Lefloch, B.
name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Team, CHESS
name: Team, HIFI
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results of the unbiased survey of the L1157-B1 bow shock, obtained with HIFI in the framework of the key program Chemical Herschel surveys of star forming regions (CHESS). The L1157 outflow is driven by a low-mass Class 0 protostar and is considered the prototype of the so-called chemically active outflows. The bright blue-shifted bow shock B1 is the ideal laboratory for studying the link between the hot (around 1000-2000 K) component traced by H2 IR-emission and the cold (around 10-20 K) swept-up material. The main aim is to trace the warm gas chemically enriched by the passage of a shock and to infer the excitation conditions in L1157-B1. A total of 27 lines are identified in the 555-636 GHz region, down to an average 3 sigma level of 30 mK. The emission is dominated by CO(5-4) and H2O(110-101) transitions, as discussed by Lefloch et al. (2010). Here we report on the identification of lines from NH3, H2CO, CH3OH, CS, HCN, and HCO+. The comparison between the profiles produced by molecules released from dust mantles (NH3, H2CO, CH3OH) and that of H2O is consistent with a scenario in which water is also formed in the gas-phase in high-temperature regions where sputtering or grain-grain collisions are not efficient. The high excitation range of the observed tracers allows us to infer, for the first time for these species, the existence of a warm (> 200 K) gas component coexisting in the B1 bow structure with the cold and hot gas detected from ground.
Determining Eccentricities of Transiting Planets: A Divide in the Mass-Period Plane
Creators: name: Pont, Frederic
name: Husnoo, Nawal
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
name: Fabrycky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two dominant features in the distribution of orbital parameters for close-in exoplanets are the prevalence of circular orbits for very short periods, and the observation that planets on closer orbits tend to be heavier. The first feature is interpreted as a signature of tidal evolution, while the origin of the second, a "mass-period relation" for hot Jupiters, is not understood. In this paper we re-consider the ensemble properties of transiting exoplanets with well-measured parameters, focussing on orbital eccentricity and the mass-period relation. We recalculate the constraints on eccentricity in a homogeneous way, using new radial-velocity data, with particular attention to statistical biases. We find that planets on circular orbits gather in a well-defined region of the mass-period plane, close to the minimum period for any given mass. Exceptions to this pattern reported in the Literature can be attributed to statistical biases. The ensemble data is compatible with classical tide theory with orbital circularisation caused by tides raised on the planet, and suggest that tidal circularisation and the stopping mechanisms for close-in planets are closely related to each other. The position mass-period relation is compatible with a relation between a planet's Hill radius and its present orbit.
description: 8 pages, to be published in MNRAS
title: Constraints on post-depositional isotope modifications in East Antarctic firn from analysing temporal changes of isotope profiles
Creators: name: Münch, Thomas
name: Kipfstuhl, Sepp
name: Freitag, Johannes
name: Meyer, Hanno
name: Laepple, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The isotopic composition of water in ice sheets is extensively used to infer past climate changes. In low-accumulation regions their interpretation is, however, challenged by poorly constrained effects that may influence the initial isotope signal during and after deposition of the snow. This is reflected in snow-pit isotope data from Kohnen Station, Antarctica, which exhibit a seasonal cycle but also strong interannual variations that contradict local temperature observations. These inconsistencies persist even after averaging many profiles and are thus not explained by local stratigraphic noise. Previous studies have suggested that post-depositional processes may significantly influence the isotopic composition of East Antarctic firn. Here, we investigate the importance of post-depositional processes within the open-porous firn (greater than or similar to 10 cm depth) at Kohnen Station by separating spatial from temporal variability. To this end, we analyse 22 isotope profiles obtained from two snow trenches and examine the temporal isotope modifications by comparing the new data with published trench data extracted 2 years earlier. The initial isotope profiles undergo changes over time due to downward advection, firn diffusion and densification in magnitudes consistent with independent estimates. Beyond that, we find further modifications of the original isotope record to be unlikely or small in magnitude (<< 1 parts per thousand RMSD). These results show that the discrepancy between local temperatures and isotopes most likely originates from spatially coherent processes prior to or during deposition, such as precipitation intermittency or systematic isotope modifications acting on drifting or loose surface snow.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 662
Entrepreneurship unfolding : the effect of entrepreneurship on family wellbeing—a family embedded perspective
Creators: name: Houshmand, Marjan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Family business is an important and prevalent type of organization. The intertwined relationship between business and family has deep implications for the success of the family business and the welfare of the business family. In this dissertation, I aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of that relationship by using a dynamic approach to study how family businesses evolve and how they impact the family. I focus on opportunity entrepreneurship and study its antecedents and outcomes. I study (1) the factors that shape the path of individuals into opportunity entrepreneurship, and (2) the implications of the business for the entrepreneur and for other members of the family as it evolves into a business family. I develop an unfolding model of entrepreneurship that captures the impact of business involvement of family members on their psychological and financial wellbeing. My core thesis is that the involvement of family members in a family business has important consequences for the business family. I formulate hypotheses about four forms of involvement: (1) direct involvement through self-employment, (2) indirect involvement through living with a self-employed relative, (3) direct and dependent involvement through working for a relative, and (4) family-level involvement in terms of the proportion and intensity of family members work in the business. Moreover, I argue that the effects of these forms of business involvement are moderated by the household roles that family members play. I explore empirically how these forms of involvement coupled with household roles affect family members' psychological wellbeing (life satisfaction) and financial wellbeing (income). I use a comprehensive large panel dataset from Germany that spans over 28 years and use fixed effect models. I find that family business involvement has positive effects for the entrepreneur, while it has negative effects for the other members of the family. Family-level business involvement has overall negative effects. I also find that the effect of business involvement on family member's wellbeing is not moderated by gender, nor is it moderated by household roles. Overall, the findings support my unfolding model of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a mixed blessing in terms of the wellbeing of family members.
title: Accurate simulation of transient landscape evolution by eliminating numerical diffusion
title: the TTLEM 1.0 model
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Campforts, Benjamin
name: Schwanghart, Wolfgang
name: Govers, Gerard
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Landscape evolution models (LEMs) allow the study of earth surface responses to changing climatic and tectonic forcings. While much effort has been devoted to the development of LEMs that simulate a wide range of processes, the numerical accuracy of these models has received less attention. Most LEMs use first-order accurate numerical methods that suffer from substantial numerical diffusion. Numerical diffusion particularly affects the solution of the advection equation and thus the simulation of retreating landforms such as cliffs and river knickpoints. This has potential consequences for the integrated response of the simulated landscape. Here we test a higher-order flux-limiting finite volume method that is total variation diminishing (TVD-FVM) to solve the partial differential equations of river incision and tectonic displacement. We show that using the TVD-FVM to simulate river incision significantly influences the evolution of simulated landscapes and the spatial and temporal variability of catchment-wide erosion rates. Furthermore, a two-dimensional TVD-FVM accurately simulates the evolution of landscapes affected by lateral tectonic displacement, a process whose simulation was hitherto largely limited to LEMs with flexible spatial discretization. We implement the scheme in TTLEM (TopoToolbox Landscape Evolution Model), a spatially explicit, raster-based LEM for the study of fluvially eroding landscapes in TopoToolbox 2.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 664
title: Landscape-scale water balance monitoring with an iGrav superconducting gravimeter in a field enclosure
Creators: name: Güntner, Andreas
name: Reich, Marvin
name: Mikolaj, Michal
name: Creutzfeldt, Benjamin
name: Schroeder, Stephan
name: Wziontek, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: In spite of the fundamental role of the landscape water balance for the Earth's water and energy cycles, monitoring the water balance and its components beyond the point scale is notoriously difficult due to the multitude of flow and storage processes and their spatial heterogeneity. Here, we present the first field deployment of an iGrav superconducting gravimeter (SG) in a minimized enclosure for long-term integrative monitoring of water storage changes. Results of the field SG on a grassland site under wet-temperate climate conditions were compared to data provided by a nearby SG located in the controlled environment of an observatory building. The field system proves to provide gravity time series that are similarly precise as those of the observatory SG. At the same time, the field SG is more sensitive to hydrological variations than the observatory SG. We demonstrate that the gravity variations observed by the field setup are almost independent of the depth below the terrain surface where water storage changes occur (contrary to SGs in buildings), and thus the field SG system directly observes the total water storage change, i.e., the water balance, in its surroundings in an integrative way. We provide a framework to single out the water balance components actual evapotranspiration and lateral subsurface discharge from the gravity time series on annual to daily timescales. With about 99 and 85% of the gravity signal due to local water storage changes originating within a radius of 4000 and 200m around the instrument, respectively, this setup paves the road towards gravimetry as a continuous hydrological field-monitoring technique at the landscape scale.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 663
Star and dust formation activities in AzTEC-3: A starburst galaxy at z = 5.3
Creators: name: Dwek, Eli
name: Staguhn, Johannes G.
name: Arendt, Richard G.
name: Capak, Peter L.
name: Kovacs, Attila
name: Benford, Dominic
name: Fixsen, Dale
name: Karim, Alexander
name: Leclercq, Samuel
name: Maher, Stephen F.
name: Moseley, Samuel H.
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Sharp, Elmer H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyses of high-redshift ultraluminous infrared (IR) galaxies traditionally use the observed optical to submillimeter spectral energy distribution (SED) and estimates of the dynamical mass as observational constraints to derive the star formation rate (SFR), the stellar mass, and age of these objects. An important observational constraint neglected in the analysis is the mass of dust giving rise to the IR emission. In this paper we add this constraint to the analysis of AzTEC-3. Adopting an upper limit to the mass of stars and a bolometric luminosity for this object, we construct stellar and chemical evolutionary scenarios, constrained to produce the inferred dust mass and observed luminosity before the associated stellar mass exceeds the observational limit. We find that the model with a Top Heavy IMF provided the most plausible scenario consistent with the observational constraints. In this scenario the dust formed over a period of ~200 Myr, with a SFR of ~500 Msun/yr. These values for the age and SFR in AzTEC-3 are significantly higher and lower, respectively, from those derived without the dust mass constraint. However, this scenario is not unique, and others cannot be completely ruled out because of the prevailing uncertainties in the age of the galaxy, its bolometric luminosity, and its stellar and dust masses. A robust result of our models is that all scenarios require most of the radiating dust mass to have been accreted in molecular clouds. Our new procedure highlights the importance of a multiwavelength approach, and of the use of dust evolution models in constraining the age and the star formation activity and history in galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ. 12 pages with 11 embedded figures
Undulation instabilities in the meniscus of smectic membranes
Creators: name: Loudet, J. C.
name: Dolganov, P. V.
name: Patrício, P.
name: Saadaoui, H.
name: Cluzeau, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using optical microscopy, phase shifting interferometry and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate the existence of undulated structures in the meniscus of ferroelectric smectic-C* films. The meniscus is characterized by a periodic undulation of the smectic-air interface, which manifests itself in a striped pattern. The instability disappears in the untilted smectic-A phase. The modulation amplitude and wavelength both depend on meniscus thickness. We study the temperature evolution of the structure and propose a simple model that accounts for the observed undulations.
description: Submitted to PRL
Blumen und ihre Besucher: Nektarkannen im Regenwalddach – Die eindrucksvolle Vielfalt der Marcgraviaceae
Creators: name: Dressler, Stefan
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2021

description: Die kleine Familie der Marcgraviaceae ist in den neuweltlichen Tropen heimisch. In den Blütenständen befinden sich verschieden geformte Nektarbehälter. Je nach Struktur, Färbung, Duft werden die Blüten von Vögeln oder Fledermäusen bestäubt. Aber auch tag- und nachtaktive Insekten sowie Opossums gehören zu den Bestäubern.
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 85 (2021)
Gesneriaceen Afrikas und ihre vogelblütigen Vertreter: Streptocarpus dunnii und S. myoporoides
Creators: name: Weber, Anton
name: Bellstedt, Dirk
name: Möller, Michael
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2021

description: Der Afrikanische Kontinent (inkl. Madagaskar und die Komoren) ist relativ arm an Vertretern der Gesneriaceae. Afrikanische Gesneriaceen sind auch arm an typisch tropischen Bestäubungsmustern wie Vogel- und Fledermausblütigkeit. Während das letztere Syndrom völlig fehlt, gibt es nur zwei Arten, die klar das Syndrom der Vogelblütigkeit (Ornithophilie) aufweisen: Streptocarpus dunnii and S. myoporoides. Diese beiden Arten werden hier im Zusammenhang mit dem neuen taxonomischen Konzept der Gattung Streptocarpus näher vorgestellt. Auf Grund der gravierenden Unterschiede im Bau des Vegetationskörpers, der Blütenstände und Blüten (molekulare, chromosomale etc. Daten von S. myoporoides fehlen) kann man darauf schließen, dass die beiden Arten nicht nahe verwandt sind und die Ornithophilie bei den afrikanischen Gesneriaceen zweimal voneinander unabhängig entstanden ist.
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 85 (2021)
Macroscopic two-state systems in trapped atomic condensates
Creators: name: Solenov, Dmitry
name: Mozyrsky, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a macroscopic two-sate system based on persistent current states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of interacting neutral atoms confined in a ring with a weak Josephson link. We demonstrate that macroscopic superpositions of different BEC flows are energetically favorable in this system. Moreover, a macroscopic two-state dynamics emerges in the low energy limit. We also investigate fundamental limitations due to the noise inherent to the interacting BEC of Josephson-ring geometry. We show that the coherent macroscopic dynamics is readily measurable for an experimentally accessible range of parameters.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
title: Neurectomies sélectives du membre supérieur : indications, avantages et inconvénients, technique chirurgicale "
Creators: name: C. Leclercq
Publisher: name: Société Française d’Orthopédie Pédiatrique (SOFOP)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: techniques
subject: chirurgicales
subject: neurectomies

description: La neurectomie partielle consiste à sectionner une partie des rameaux moteurs pénétrant le muscle cible. Contrairement à la neurotomie complète qui paralyse définitivement le muscle, cette intervention décrite par STOFFEL [17] en 1913 consiste à ne sectionner qu’une partie des rameaux moteurs. Dans le contexte de spasticité du membre supérieur, elle permet de réduire la spasticité sans diminuer la force musculaire. Elle peut être pratiquée au niveau du tronc nerveux (neurectomie tronculaire), ou au niveau de la pénétration des rameaux nerveux dans le muscle (neurectomie hypersélective ou NHS) [11].
Agency and nominal frictions in financial markets
Creators: name: Morales Veas, Gonzalo Andrés
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This dissertation examines the effects of nominal and agency frictions in three different environments. The first essay builds a New Keynesian model to analyze the effects of changes in the maturity structure of nominal government debt on the real economy and inflation. The model includes nominal frictions, a time-varying maturity structure of nominal debt and allows for variations in the interaction between the monetary and the fiscal authorities. This essay shows that when the slope of the term structure of interest rates is nonzero in a fiscally-led policy regime the irrelevance of open market operations, changing the duration of government liabilities, is violated. Furthermore, maturity restructuring policies, conditional on the slope of the term structure of interest rates, can smooth macroeconomic fluctuations and offer substantial welfare benefits. The second essay studies how agency frictions between spouses affect their consumption, asset allocation and marital decisions. To examine this nexus, a life cycle model with limited commitment between spouses is built. The model is able to endogenously produce time-varying risk aversion at the household-level through changes in the relative income between spouses that alter their relative bargaining power. Consistent with the data, changes in relative income are associated with significant shifts in the portfolios of households. Also, the model can rationalize the empirical patterns relating marital transitions to changes in portfolio allocations. Furthermore, the risk-sharing benefits of marriage in the model imply a positive link between wealth and risky asset holdings across households, which is observed in the data. The final essay presents a dynamic agency model to study the effects of firms' exposure to aggregate risk on CEOs' contracts. The model features a risk-averse representative shareholder, risk-averse managers that exert unobservable effort and firms that are heterogeneously exposed to aggregate risk. In the model, managers are incentivized by a mix of short- and long-term compensation, and the threat of being fired. The contract differs between firms with different exposure to aggregate risk. The model can explain salient features in the data; namely, the negative relation between aggregate risk and long-term compensation and the procyclicality of aggregate turnover.
„No bees, no Bembel!“ – oder: Was das „Stöffche“ mit Bestäubung zu tun hat
Creators: name: Heubach, Katja
name: Collet, Torsten
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2021

description: Apfelwein, das „Stöffche“, gilt als Frankfurter Nationalgetränk. Nach Zerstörung der lokalen Weinstöcke durch die Reblaus am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurden vermehrt Streuobstwiesen für die Apfel(wein)produktion angelegt. Früchte können nur geerntet werden, wenn Insekten zuvor die Apfelblüten bestäubt haben. Honig- und Wildbienen sowie andere Insekten erbringen für uns deshalb eine wichtige Ökosystemleistung. Ohne die Bestäuber gäbe es keine Äpfel, keinen Apfelwein und bliebe der Frankfurter Apfelweinkrug (Bembel) leer: „No bees, no Bembel!“. Der auch für uns Menschen so wichtige Aspekt der Bestäubung wird im Palmengarten und Botanischen Garten Frankfurt im Rahmen des Leitthemas „Blüten- und Bestäuberbiologie“ vielseitig beleuchtet. Herzstück des Leitthemas ist das im Jahr 2021 eröffnete neue Blüten- und Schmetterlingshaus mit frei fliegenden tropischen Schmetterlingen sowie die zugehörige Ausstellung „Abgestaubt! - Von Blüten und ihren Bestäubern“. Im Freiland von Palmengarten und Botanischen Garten können die Besucher*innen eine Vielzahl wildlebender Insektenarten beobachten und so theoretisches Wissen mit praktischem Erleben festigen.
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 85 (2021)
Elastic energy of polyhedral bilayer vesicles
Creators: name: Haselwandter, Christoph A.
name: Phillips, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent experiments [M. Dubois, B. Demé, T. Gulik-Krzywicki, J.-C. Dedieu, C. Vautrin, S. Désert, E. Perez, and T. Zemb, Nature (London) Vol. 411, 672 (2001)] the spontaneous formation of hollow bilayer vesicles with polyhedral symmetry has been observed. On the basis of the experimental phenomenology it was suggested [M. Dubois, V. Lizunov, A. Meister, T. Gulik-Krzywicki, J. M. Verbavatz, E. Perez, J. Zimmerberg, and T. Zemb, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Vol. 101, 15082 (2004)] that the mechanism for the formation of bilayer polyhedra is minimization of elastic bending energy. Motivated by these experiments, we study the elastic bending energy of polyhedral bilayer vesicles. In agreement with experiments, and provided that excess amphiphiles exhibiting spontaneous curvature are present in sufficient quantity, we find that polyhedral bilayer vesicles can indeed be energetically favorable compared to spherical bilayer vesicles. Consistent with experimental observations we also find that the bending energy associated with the vertices of bilayer polyhedra can be locally reduced through the formation of pores. However, the stabilization of polyhedral bilayer vesicles over spherical bilayer vesicles relies crucially on molecular segregation of excess amphiphiles along the ridges rather than the vertices of bilayer polyhedra. Furthermore, our analysis implies that, contrary to what has been suggested on the basis of experiments, the icosahedron does not minimize elastic bending energy among arbitrary polyhedral shapes and sizes. Instead, we find that, for large polyhedron sizes, the snub dodecahedron and the snub cube both have lower total bending energies than the icosahedron.
title: Form and function in hillslope hydrology
title: characterization of subsurface flow based on response observations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Angermann, Lisa
name: Jackisch, Conrad
name: Allroggen, Niklas
name: Sprenger, Matthias
name: Zehe, Erwin
name: Tronicke, Jens
name: Weiler, Markus
name: Blume, Theresa
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The phrase form and function was established in architecture and biology and refers to the idea that form and functionality are closely correlated, influence each other, and co-evolve. We suggest transferring this idea to hydrological systems to separate and analyze their two main characteristics: their form, which is equivalent to the spatial structure and static properties, and their function, equivalent to internal responses and hydrological behavior. While this approach is not particularly new to hydrological field research, we want to employ this concept to explicitly pursue the question of what information is most advantageous to understand a hydrological system. We applied this concept to subsurface flow within a hillslope, with a methodological focus on function: we conducted observations during a natural storm event and followed this with a hillslope-scale irrigation experiment. The results are used to infer hydrological processes of the monitored system. Based on these findings, the explanatory power and conclusiveness of the data are discussed. The measurements included basic hydrological monitoring methods, like piezometers, soil moisture, and discharge measurements. These were accompanied by isotope sampling and a novel application of 2-D time-lapse GPR (ground-penetrating radar). The main finding regarding the processes in the hillslope was that preferential flow paths were established quickly, despite unsaturated conditions. These flow paths also caused a detectable signal in the catchment response following a natural rainfall event, showing that these processes are relevant also at the catchment scale. Thus, we conclude that response observations (dynamics and patterns, i.e., indicators of function) were well suited to describing processes at the observational scale. Especially the use of 2-D time-lapse GPR measurements, providing detailed subsurface response patterns, as well as the combination of stream-centered and hillslope-centered approaches, allowed us to link processes and put them in a larger context. Transfer to other scales beyond observational scale and generalizations, however, rely on the knowledge of structures (form) and remain speculative. The complementary approach with a methodological focus on form (i.e., structure exploration) is presented and discussed in the companion paper by Jackisch et al. (2017).
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 658