cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Image Quality Assessment for Full-Disk Solar Observations with Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Jarolim, Robert
name: Veronig, Astrid
name: Pötzi, Werner
name: Podladchikova, Tatiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to assure a stable series of recorded images of sufficient quality for further scientific analysis, an objective image quality measure is required. Especially when dealing with ground-based observations, which are subject to varying seeing conditions and clouds, the quality assessment has to take multiple effects into account and provide information about the affected regions. In this study, we develop a deep learning method that is suited to identify anomalies and provide an image quality assessment of solar full-disk H$α$ filtergrams. The approach is based on the structural appearance and the true image distribution of high-quality observations. We employ a neural network with an encoder-decoder architecture to perform an identity transformation of selected high-quality observations. The encoder network is used to achieve a compressed representation of the input data, which is reconstructed to the original by the decoder. We use adversarial training to recover truncated information based on the high-quality image distribution. When images with reduced quality are transformed, the reconstruction of unknown features (e.g., clouds, contrails, partial occultation) shows deviations from the original. This difference is used to quantify the quality of the observations and to identify the affected regions. We apply our method to full-disk H$α$ filtergrams from Kanzelhöhe Observatory recorded during 2012-2019 and demonstrate its capability to perform a reliable image quality assessment for various atmospheric conditions and instrumental effects, without the requirement of reference observations. Our quality metric achieves an accuracy of 98.5% in distinguishing observations with quality-degrading effects from clear observations and provides a continuous quality measure which is in good agreement with the human perception.
SANER01_041_9440324.pdf
Creators: name: Esfandiari, Neda
name: Bazgeer, Saeed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Climate Science
subject: 40105 Climatology (excl. Climate Change Processes)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental Science

description: Impacts of daily temperature fluctuations on corn phenology and yield (Case study: Darab Fars)
Molecular basis of FIGNL1 in dissociating RAD51 from DNA and chromatin
Creators: name: Carver, Alexander
name: Yu, Tai-Yuan
name: Yates, Luke A
name: White, Travis
name: Wang, Raymond
name: Lister, Katie
name: Jasin, Maria
name: Zhang, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: Biochemistry & Proteomics
subject: Biochemistry & Proteomics
classificationCode: Structural Biology & Biophysics
subject: Structural Biology & Biophysics
classificationCode: Genome Integrity & Repair
subject: Genome Integrity & Repair

description: Maintaining genome integrity is an essential and challenging process. RAD51 recombinase, the central player of several crucial processes in repairing DNA and protecting genome integrity, forms filaments on DNA, which are tightly regulated. One of these RAD51 regulators is FIGNL1, that prevents persistent RAD51 foci without or after DNA damage and genotoxic chromatin association in cells. The cryogenic electron microscopy structure of FIGNL1 in complex with RAD51 reveals that FIGNL1 forms a non-planar hexamer and RAD51 N terminus enclosure in the FIGNL1 hexamer pore. Mutations in pore loop or catalytic residues of FIGNL1 render it defective in filament disassembly and are lethal in mouse embryonic stem cells. Our study reveals a unique mechanism for removing RAD51 from bound substrates and provides the molecular basis for FIGNL1 in maintaining genome stability.
Common Factors in Fraction-Free Matrix Decompositions
Creators: name: Middeke, Johannes
name: Jeffrey, David J.
name: Koutschan, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 00-01, 99-00

description: We consider LU and QR matrix decompositions using exact computations. We show that fraction-free Gauss--Bareiss reduction leads to triangular matrices having a non-trivial number of common row factors. We identify two types of common factors: systematic and statistical. Systematic factors depend on the reduction process, independent of the data, while statistical factors depend on the specific data. We relate the existence of row factors in the LU decomposition to factors appearing in the Smith--Jacobson normal form of the matrix. For statistical factors, we identify some of the mechanisms that create them and give estimates of the frequency of their occurrence. Similar observations apply to the common factors in a fraction-free QR decomposition. Our conclusions are tested experimentally.
A secreted-factor based mechanism for olfactory ensheathing cell-mediated neurite outgrowth
Creators: name: Au, Edmund
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The olfactory system continually turns over its neuronal population throughout life. As a consequence, newly generated olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) grow axons centrally towards the olfactory bulb; thus the olfactory system continually accommodates axon growth and does so employing a unique glial cell type, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). Because of their involvement in providing a permissive environment for ORN axon growth, OECs have been employed in repair strategies in other parts of the nervous system, most prominently the injured spinal cord. However, little is known about how OECs promote regeneration. OECs reside in two compartments, the lamina propria and the nerve fibre layer of the olfactory bulb. LP-OECs were examined in vivo and in vitro and compared with what has been reported on olfactory bulb OECs (OB-OECs). LP-OECs are very similar to OB-OECs in vivo and in vitro with several subtle differences. LP-OECs express CD44 in vivo while OB-OECs do not. LP-OECs also proliferate robustly without exogenous mitogens added, suggesting a more immature phenotype. LP-OEC cultures can be purified to greater than 95% and express novel developmentally regulated markers such as p200 and NG2. Purified cultures of LP-OECs were used to elucidate mechanisms of OEC-mediated neurite outgrowth. Using an embryonic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) culture system, LPOECs promoted outgrowth in co-culture and also with LP-OEC conditioned media (LPOCM) alone. LP-OCM from passage 2 and passage 6 LP-OECs were assayed for biological activity using the outgrowth assay and passage 2 LP-OCM was found to have a more effective dose-response curve. Secreted factors underlying this difference in biological activity were identified using isotope coded affinity tags (ICAT) proteomics, which provides the identity and relative quantity. By correlating biological activity with relative quantity, SPARC (secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine) was identified as a candidate factor. Gain- and loss-offunction experiments confirmed the important role of SPARC in the outgrowth activity of LP-OCM. In summary, the work in this thesis characterizes a previously poorly understood cell type and uses it as a model system to prospectively elucidate mechanisms of OEC-mediated neurite outgrowth.
On the New Symmetries in Electrodynamics and Quantum Theory
Creators: name: Kotel'nikov, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized definition of symmetry is formulated. Application of this definition for symmetric analysis of theoretical physics equations is considered. The version of electrodynamics is constructed permitting the faster-than-light motions of particles with real masses. Some elements of physical interpretation of the proposed theory are presented.
description: 6 pages, LaTeX, Report at the 8th Word Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, July 18-21, 2004, Orlando, Florida, USA, http://www.iiisci.org/sci2004/
Communication in children with CP (McFadd & Hustad, 2020)
Creators: name: McFadd, Emily D.
name: Hustad, Katherine C.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Language
subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Purpose: This study seeks to determine how speech-language impairments relate to the frequency and diversity of communication modes and functions produced by children with cerebral palsy (CP) during interactions with their mothers.Method: We studied 40 children with CP (Mage = 62 months) comprising three groups: those who were unable to speak and had anarthria (n = 15), those with speech motor impairment and language comprehension impairment (SMI-LCI; n = 15), and those with speech motor impairment and typical language comprehension (SMI-LCT; n = 10). Mother–child play interactions were coded for child modes and functions. Generalized linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between profile group and frequencies of communication modes and functions.Results: Results indicated groups SMI-LCI and SMI-LCT had significantly higher mean frequencies of vocalizations, vocalizations + gestures, comments, initiations, and requests than the group of those who were unable to speak and had anarthria. All children used vocalizations primarily, though these vocalizations were often not understood. SMI-LCI and SMI-LCT differed on two measures: frequency of gestures and frequency of initiations. The majority of children in this sample did not have access to augmentative and alternative communication devices.Conclusion: Results of this study highlight the need for parent-mediated interventions for children with CP that emphasize multimodal communication tailored to impairment profiles.
Supplemental Material S1. General guidelines for child coding.
Supplemental Material S2. Descriptive results showing the mean frequencies, standard deviations and total frequencies of all types of communication mode and function combinations for each group, allowing for examination of mode/function relationships. ANAR = anarthria, SMI-LCI = speech motor impairment, language comprehension impairment, SMI-LCT = speech motor impairment, typical language comprehension.
McFadd, E. D., & Hustad, K. C. (2020). Communication modes and functions in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00228
Materijalno-pravne odredbe Statuta Haškog tribunala i njihova usporedba s odgovarajućim odredbama u nacionalnom zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine
Creators: name: Šimić, Goran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Iako je zakonodavac u Bosni i Hercegovini autonoman u stvaranju zakonskih rješenja koja se tiču procesuiranja ratnih zločina, ta autonomnost nije apsolutna. Različite konvencije i drugi izvori međunarodnog prava, inkorporirane na odgovarajući način u pravni poredak BiH, predstavljaju nezaobilazan faktor u kreiranju zakonskih rješenja. Njihova snaga se ogleda ne samo u međunarodno preuzetoj obvezi, već i u činjenici kako te konvencije i drugi izvori materijalnog prava obično predstavljaju najviše dosege međunarodne zajednice u određenoj oblasti. Kao jedan od takvih dokumenata, Statut Haškog tribunala gotovo je doslovce prepisan u Kazneni zakon BiH. Nešto zbog inovativnih rješenja koja je donio, nešto zbog utjecaja međunarodne zajednice u BiH, a znatnim dijelom i zbog velikog broja neriješenih predmeta ratnih zločina koje će tek rješavati, Bosna i Hercegovina se priklonila rješenjima Statuta Haškog tribunala koja donose mnogo novina na polju međunarodnog kaznenog prava i međunarodnog kaznenog sudovanja. Usvajajući ove standarde, i kroz određena zakonska rješenja omogućavajući njihovu primjenu na počinitelje ratnih zločina u BiH u razdoblju od 1992.–1995. godine, Bosna i Hercegovina je iskazala spremnost pokušati pronaći rješenja koja će omogućiti procesuiranje velikog broja počinitelja ratnih zločina, ne osporavajući njihovo pravo na pravedno kazneno postupanje.
Persistent many-body quantum echoes
Creators: name: Dabelow, Lennart
name: Reimann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum many-body systems evolving under a time-independent Hamiltonian $H$ from a nonequilibrium initial state at time $t=0$ towards a close-to-equilibrium state at time $t=τ$. Subsequently, this state is slightly perturbed and finally propagated for another time period $τ$ under the inverted Hamiltonian $-H$. The entire procedure may also be viewed as an imperfect time inversion or "echo dynamics". We unravel a remarkable persistence of such dynamics with respect to the observable deviations of the time-dependent expectation values from the equilibrium expectation value: For most perturbations, the deviations in the final state are essentially independent of the inversion time point $τ$. Our quantitative analytical predictions compare very well with exact numerical results.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
AC Magnetotransport in Reentrant Insulating Phases of Two-dimensional Electrons near 1/5 and 1/3 Landau fillings
Creators: name: Chen, Yong P.
name: Wang, Z. H.
name: Lewis, R. M.
name: Ye, P. D.
name: Engel, L. W.
name: Tsui, D. C.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured high frequency magnetotransport of a high quality two-dimensional electron system (2DES) near the reentrant insulating phase (RIP) at Landau fillings ($ν$) between 1/5 and 2/9. The magneto\textit{conductivity} in the RIP has resonant behavior around 150 MHz, showing a \textit{peak} at $ν$$\sim$0.21. Our data support the interpretation of the RIP as due to some pinned electron solid. We have also investigated a narrowly confined 2DES recently found to have a RIP at 1/3$
description: 4 pages and 1 figure (amsart format), 16th International Conference on High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics (SemiMag16), August 2-6, 2004, Tallahassee
Operations of Local Feed and Supply Bargaining Cooperatives in Illinois, 1959-1964
Creators: name: Mutti, R. J.
name: McGinnis, L. J.
name: Mutti, R. J.
name: McGinnis, L. J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: The more specific purposes of this study were to discover or determine: 1. The extent to which purchasing of farm supplies by cooperative nonstock associations has developed in Illinois; when, where, and how it occurred; and the form of organization adopted. 2. Reasons for development of such associations. 3. Operating methods and policies, types of products purchased, and their relative importance. 4. Costs and benefits associated with their operation. 5. Distinguishing characteristics between the farmers participating in these groups and all farmers in their area. 6. The impact this type of organization has had on manufacturers and other distributors of farm supplies. 7. Problems, limitations, and possibilities of this type of organization.
AIB SE Texas.pdf
Creators: name: Miotti, Gustavo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150308 International Business
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Since the end of World War II, globalization has produced a considerable increase in the development of the world economy and social indicators. However, we are currently living in a world of ambiguity and uncertainty that was dramatically accelerated by the Great Recession about a decade ago. It seems that the world of differences is becoming larger than the world of similarities, concepts which have been successfully explored by populist politicians in many parts of the world. Based on the literature about sensemaking theory, this research proposes that individuals with highly developed cross-cultural attitudes and worldviews will have a better perception of the benefits of globalization, and therefore, policy makers would be wise to develop cross-cultural attitudes and worldview initiatives. This paper is structured as follows: it will begin with a review of current developments of the globalization process, it will explore concepts of cross-cultural attitudes and worldviews and will finish with an analysis of the theory of sensemaking and how this can influence the perception and attitudes of individuals toward globalization. Recent Developments in Globalization Although there has never been a time in history when the world has seen such progress and development, in recent years, globalization has been blamed for much of the malaises that our societies are suffering. According to Verbeke, Coeurderoy, and Matt (2018), globalization is one of the first and most common topics in international business research, and the most frequent themes are around the exchange of trade, foreign direct investment, and ideas and people of different countries. Mudambi (2018) simply defines globalization as increasing integration and interdependence of the world's economy. However, some of the misperceptions related to the theme can be explained because globalization is characterized as an umbrella construct that is a multi-faceted, dynamic and highly complex
Methods and Policies Used in Making Patronage Refunds by Selected Farmer Cooperatives
Creators: name: Davidson, Donald R.
name: Davidson, Donald R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: Agribusiness
Financial Economics

description: Excerpts from the report: Patronage refunds, also referred to as patronage dividends, are the amounts allocated to patrons based on their volume of business with the cooperative. Such allocations are made at the end of a fiscal year or other fixed period. They are net amounts left after all operating, overhead, and maintenance costs have been paid. As the initial phase of this study, the author personally interviewed management officials of 18 regional cooperatives in 1965. Several of these cooperatives were major farm supply and marketing associations. This report is based on information obtained from these interviews. It provides some insight into the handling of patronage refunds by a small but important segment of the cooperative population. It does not attempt to answer all the questions on the subject. It does seek to bring into clearer focus the nature of the patronage refund; how the refund is computed; how it is distributed; and what problems are involved.
Data Age Aware Scheduling for Wireless Powered Mobile-Edge Computing in Industrial Internet of Things
Creators: name: Wu, Hao
name: Tian, Hui
name: Fan, Shaoshuai
name: Ren, Jiazhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Wireless powered mobile edge computing has been envisioned as a promising paradigm to enhance the computation capability of low-power wireless devices in Industrial Internet of Things. An efficient resource scheduling method is critical yet challenging to design in such a scenario due to stochastic traffic arrival, time-coupling uplink/downlink decision and incomplete system state knowledge. To tackle these challenges, an online optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper to maximize long-term system utility balancing throughput and fairness, subject to data age and stability constraints. A set of virtual queues is designed to transform the scheduling task, which is hard to solve due to time-dependent data age constraints, into a stochastic optimization problem. Leveraging Lyapunov and convex optimization techniques, the proposed approach can achieve asymptotically near-optimal online decisions without any prior statistical knowledge, and maintain the asymptotic optimality in the presence of partial and outdated network state information. Numerical simulations corroborate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
Origin of sub-TeV afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B
Creators: name: Sahu, Sarira
name: Fortin, Carlos E. Lopez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of GRB 180722B and GRB 190114C in sub-TeV gamma-rays has opened up a new window to study gamma-ray bursts in high energy gamma-rays. Recently it is shown that the synchrotron and inverse Compton processes are responsible for the production of these high energy gamma-rays during the afterglow. Here, for the first time we demonstrate that, the photohadronic scenario which is successful in explaining the multi-TeV flaring in high energy blazars is also applicable for gamma-ray bursts. We show that the sub-TeV spectra of GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B are due to the interaction of high energy protons with the background photons in the synchrotron self-Compton region and synchrotron region respectively. The nature of the background photon distributions help us to constraint their bulk Lorentz factors.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, APJ style, to be published in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Dryland salinity: economic, scientific, social and policy dimensions
Creators: name: Pannell, David J.
name: Pannell, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: A broad range of information relevant to salinity is reviewed in order to critically evaluate existing and prospective policy responses. The review includes issues of hydrogeology, farmer perceptions and preferences, farm‐level economics of salinity management practices, spill‐over benefits and costs from salinity management, and politics. The technical challenge of preventing salinity is far greater than previously recognised. The farm‐level economics of currently available management practices for salinity prevention are adverse in many situations. Off‐site benefits from on‐farm practices are often small and long delayed. Past national salinity policies have been seriously flawed. While current policy proposals include positive elements, they have not sufficiently escaped from the past.
The radial acceleration relation and its emergent nature
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Davi C.
name: Marra, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review some of our recent results about the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR) and its interpretation as either a fundamental or an emergent law. The former interpretation is in agreement with a class of modified gravity theories that dismiss the need for dark matter in galaxies (MOND in particular). Our most recent analysis, which includes refinements on the priors and the Bayesian test for compatibility between the posteriors, confirms that the hypothesis of a fundamental RAR is rejected at more than 5$σ$ from the very same data that was used to infer the RAR.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure. To appear in the Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 359, 2020. Galaxy evolution and feedback across different environments (Galfeed)
Incentives and static and dynamic gains from market reform: rice production in Vietnam
Creators: name: Nhu Che, Tuong
name: Kompas, Tom
name: Vousden, Neil
name: Nhu Che, Tuong
name: Kompas, Tom
name: Vousden, Neil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This article develops a dynamic model to account for the enhanced incentive effects that result from market reform through a move toward private property rights and competitive markets. Reform is captured through an emerging profits function which depends on effective prices and incentives to work harder. Static and dynamic output gains from reform are derived through increases in total factor productivity and induced capital accumulation. The model is applied to rice production in Vietnam over the period 1976–94. The more extensive is market reform, the larger the effects found on rice output, the capital stock and transitional growth rates, suggesting that incentives and more competitive markets matter greatly.
On the gravitational energy of the Bonnor spacetime
Creators: name: Garecki, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper we consider the energy and its flux in the Bonnor spacetime. We construct some non-local expressions from the Einstein canonical energy-momentum pseudotensor of the gravitational field which show that the gravitational energy and its flux in this spacetime are different from zero and do not vanish even outside of the material source (a stationary beam of the null dust) of this spacetime.
description: REVTEX, 11 pages, no figures, an improved version
Heat Conduction in two-dimensional harmonic crystal with disorder
Creators: name: Lee, Lik Wee
name: Dhar, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of heat conduction in a mass-disordered two-dimensional harmonic crystal. Using two different stochastic heat baths, we perform simulations to determine the system size (L) dependence of the heat current (J). For white noise heat baths we find that J ~ 1/L^a with $ a \approx 0.59 $ while correlated noise heat baths gives $ a \approx 0.51 $. A special case with correlated disorder is studied analytically and gives a=3/2 which agrees also with results from exact numerics.
description: Revised version. 4 pages, 3 figures
Temperature dependence of the anomalous Nernst effect in Ni$_{2}$MnGa shape memory alloy
Creators: name: De, Avirup
name: Singh, Anupam K.
name: Singh, Sanjay
name: Nair, Sunil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a detailed investigation of the Ni$_{2}$MnGa shape memory alloy through magnetic, electronic, and thermal measurements. Our measurements of the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) reveal that this technique is very sensitive to the onset of the pre-martensitic transition in sharp contrast to other transport measurements. With the ANE being sensitive to changes at the Fermi surface, we infer on the link between the structural modulations and the modulation of the Fermi surface via its nesting features, with the magnetic field induced strain being the mediating mechanism.
Ultra-large bandwidth hollow-core guiding in all-silica Bragg fibers with nano-supports
Creators: name: Vienne, G.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Jakobsen, C.
name: Deyerl, H. -J.
name: Jensen, J. B.
name: Sorensen, T.
name: Hansen, T. P.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Terrel, M.
name: Lee, R. K.
name: Mortensen, N. A.
name: Broeng, J.
name: Simonsen, H.
name: Bjarklev, A.
name: Yariv, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a new class of hollow-core Bragg fibers that are composed of concentric cylindrical silica rings separated by nanoscale support bridges. We theoretically predict and experimentally observe hollow-core confinement over an octave frequency range. The bandwidth of bandgap guiding in this new class of Bragg fibers exceeds that of other hollow-core fibers reported in the literature. With only three rings of silica cladding layers, these Bragg fibers achieve propagation loss of the order of 1 dB/m.
description: 9 pages including 5 figures
Influence of strategies and heuristics on farmers’ response to change under uncertainty
Creators: name: Murray-Prior, Roy B.
name: Wright, Vic
name: Murray-Prior, Roy B.
name: Wright, Vic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Farm Management
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Hierarchical Decision Models of woolproducers’ decisions provide unique insights into the impact of major price changes. Producers’ lagged response in some contexts appear to be due to the ambiguous decision environment they face, their strategic goals and responses to that environment apart from lags caused by factors such as attitude to risk, expectations adjustment, adjustment costs and learning costs. Much of the response to major price changes comes from strategic decisions to change enterprises rather than marginal changes to existing enterprises. In ambiguous environments, methods may need to be found that incorporate simplifying behavioral rules and strategies.
Electrode Optimization for Multi-Channel Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers
Creators: name: Zhang, T
name: Seshia, AA
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2024
Subjects: 4605 Data Management and Data Science
46 Information and Computing Sciences

description: This paper reports on a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) featuring a multi-electrode design optimized for multi-channel acoustic data and power telemetry. Building on insights from a prototype PMUT designed in prior research, this study systematically reevaluates the mode selection and electrode configuration to minimize intermodal interference encountered when multiple modes are simultaneously activated. The redesigned PMUT integrates simultaneous interrogation of an axisymmetric mode at 950 kHz with an asymmetric mode at 4.28 MHz, enabling efficient 2-channel operation suitable for applications in wireless power transfer and data telemetry. Experimental results validated that the optimized electrode configuration offers improvements in data rate, data quality, and power output, demonstrating the efficacy of the design approach for suitable multi-channel applications.
Parents’ perceptions of the effects of the Parent-Child Mother Goose Program (PCMGP) on their parenting practices
Creators: name: Carroll, Anita Christine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The intent of this study was to explore parents' perceptions of the effects of the Parent-Child Mother Goose Program (PCMGP) on their parenting practices. A qualitative interpretive description approach was used. Data was collected during audio-taped interviews using open-ended questions with 11 parents who had participated in the PCMGP over the last calendar year. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the findings. Three main findings emerged from the interviews with parents: acquiring knowledge and developing skills, support from other parents and increase in confidence and competence in parenting. These findings have implications for, program planners and agencies, as well as for nursing practice and research. These include, having a larger number of participants interviewed to enhance future evaluation and research. In addition, a more diverse group of parents: in relation to age, cultural ethnicity, education and socioeconomic background. Issues for program planners and agencies were also highlighted, in regards to length, location and program availability in the community. As well as Public Health Nurses (PHNs) being informed and aware of the program so they can speak to parents about the benefits of participation in this group.
SciLens News Platform: A System for Real-Time Evaluation of News Articles
Creators: name: Romanou, Angelika
name: Smeros, Panayiotis
name: Castillo, Carlos
name: Aberer, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We demonstrate the SciLens News Platform, a novel system for evaluating the quality of news articles. The SciLens News Platform automatically collects contextual information about news articles in real-time and provides quality indicators about their validity and trustworthiness. These quality indicators derive from i) social media discussions regarding news articles, showcasing the reach and stance towards these articles, and ii) their content and their referenced sources, showcasing the journalistic foundations of these articles. Furthermore, the platform enables domain-experts to review articles and rate the quality of news sources. This augmented view of news articles, which combines automatically extracted indicators and domain-expert reviews, has provably helped the platform users to have a better consensus about the quality of the underlying articles. The platform is built in a distributed and robust fashion and runs operationally handling daily thousands of news articles. We evaluate the SciLens News Platform on the emerging topic of COVID-19 where we highlight the discrepancies between low and high-quality news outlets based on three axes, namely their newsroom activity, evidence seeking and social engagement. A live demonstration of the platform can be found here: http://scilens.epfl.ch.
description: Conference demo paper, 4 pages, 5 figures
Valuing New Zealand recreational fishing and an assessment of the validity of the contingent valuation estimates
Creators: name: Wheeler, Sarah Ann
name: Damania, Richard
name: Wheeler, Sarah Ann
name: Damania, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This article presents estimates of the recreational value of fishing in New Zealand. The data was obtained from a large‐scale interview conducted at boat ramps across New Zealand. The results suggest that the recreational value of a species depends critically on the motives for targeting a particular species. Species targeted for eating purposes have marginal values that appear to closely reflect the market price of the fish (i.e. the opportunity cost). In contrast, those species which are sought mainly for recreational purposes, have a higher value. Furthermore, values for these fish types were found to be greatest for scarce species and large species of fish. The article examines the robustness of the estimates to determine whether strategic bias, embedding effects or hypothetical bias influence the results.
Simple theory of extremely overdoped HTS
Creators: name: Andreev, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence of a simple physical picture of superconductivity for extremely overdoped CuO2 planes. It possesses all characteristic features of HTS, such as a high superconducting transition temperature, the $d_{x^2 - y^2}$ symmetry of order parameter, and the coexistence of a single electron Fermi surface and a pseudogap in the normal state. Values of pseudogap are calculated for different doping levels. An orbital paramagnetism of preformed pairs is predicted.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Spontaneous scalarization of Gauss-Bonnet black holes surrounded by massive scalar fields
Creators: name: Peng, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For massless scalar fields, a relation $Δ_{n}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}π$ for $n\rightarrow \infty$ was observed in the scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory. In the present paper, we extend the discussion by including a nonzero scalar field mass. For massive scalar fields, we show that the relation $Δ_{n}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}π$ for $n\rightarrow \infty$ still holds. We demonstrate this relation with both analytical and numerical methods. The analytical analysis implies that this relation may be a very universal behavior.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Electron-phonon interaction in the three-band model
Creators: name: Rösch, O.
name: Gunnarsson, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the half-breathing phonon in the three-band model of a high temperature superconductor, allowing for vibrations of atoms and resulting changes of hopping parameters. Two different approaches are compared. From the three-band model a t-J model with phonons can be derived, and phonon properties can be calculated. To make contact to density functional calculations, we also study the three-band model in the Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation. The paramagnetic HF solution, appropriate for the doped cuprates, has similarities to the local-density approximation (LDA). However, in contrast to the LDA, the existence of an antiferromagnetic insulating solution for the undoped system makes it possible to study the softening of the half-breathing phonon under doping. We find that although the HF approximation and the t-J model give similar softenings, these softenings happen in quite different ways. We also find that the HF approximation gives an incorrect doping and q dependence for the softening and too small a width for the (half-)breathing phonon.
description: 7 pages, RevTeX, 4 eps figures
The Aitken counter: Revisiting its design and performance characteristics
Creators: name: Leigh-Manuell, Dylan
name: Hopke, Philip K.
name: Dhaniyala, Suresh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Advances in aerosol science have often been driven by innovations in aerosol instrumentation. Our ability to make real-time, multi-dimensional measurements of particle properties can be attributed to the development of a few important techniques throughout the history of aerosol science. One measurement technology that can be considered the father of aerosol instruments is the portable Aitken counter (PAC). The development of the PAC resulted in the first extensive field measurements of concentrations of particles smaller than those detectable using light microscopes. Prior publications have looked at the historical development of techniques related to measurement of one aerosol property. Here, we extend those previous historical studies by revisiting the design of the PAC and establishing its performance relative to existing instruments. This study provides a reference to educators who start their instrumentation course with a historical note about Aitken Particle Counters or researchers interested in quantifying changes in air quality over the time periods consistent with climate change studies. Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research
Redshift evolution of the hot intracluster gas metallicity in the C-EAGLE cluster simulations
Creators: name: Pearce, Francesca A.
name: Kay, Scott T.
name: Barnes, David J.
name: Bahe, Yannick M.
name: Bower, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance and distribution of metals in galaxy clusters contains valuable information about their chemical history and evolution. By looking at how metallicity evolves with redshift, it is possible to constrain the different metal production channels. We use the C-EAGLE clusters, a sample of 30 high resolution ($m_{gas} \simeq 1.8\times 10^{6}$ M$_{\odot}$) cluster zoom simulations, to investigate the redshift evolution of metallicity, with particular focus on the cluster outskirts. The early enrichment model, in which the majority of metals are produced in the core of cluster progenitors at high redshift, suggests that metals in cluster outskirts have not significantly evolved since $z=2$. With the C-EAGLE sample, we find reasonable agreement with the early enrichment model as there is very little scatter in the metallicity abundance at large radius across the whole sample, out to at least $z=2$. The exception is Fe for which the radial dependence of metallicity was found to evolve at low redshift as a result of being mainly produced by Type Ia supernovae, which are more likely to be formed at later times than core-collapse supernovae. We also found considerable redshift evolution of metal abundances in the cores of the C-EAGLE clusters which has not been seen in other simulations or observation based metallicity studies. Since we find this evolution to be driven by accretion of low metallicity gas, it suggests that the interaction between outflowing, AGN heated material and the surrounding gas is important for determining the core abundances in clusters.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Fractional diffusion modeling of ion channel gating
Creators: name: Goychuk, Igor
name: Hanggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: An anomalous diffusion model for ion channel gating is put forward. This scheme is able to describe non-exponential, power-law like distributions of residence time intervals in several types of ion channels. Our method presents a generalization of the discrete diffusion model by Millhauser, Salpeter and Oswald [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 1503 (1988)] to the case of a continuous, anomalous slow conformational diffusion. The corresponding generalization is derived from a continuous time random walk composed of nearest neighbor jumps which in the scaling limit results in a fractional diffusion equation. The studied model contains three parameters only: the mean residence time, a characteristic time of conformational diffusion, and the index of subdiffusion. A tractable analytical expression for the characteristic function of the residence time distribution is obtained. In the limiting case of normal diffusion, our prior findings [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 3552 (2002)] are reproduced. Depending on the chosen parameters, the fractional diffusion model exhibits a very rich behavior of the residence time distribution with different characteristic time-regimes. Moreover, the corresponding autocorrelation function of conductance fluctuations displays nontrivial features. Our theoretical model is in good agreement with experimental data for large conductance potassium ion channels.
Earmarking of pollution charges and the sub-optimality of the Pigouvian tax
Creators: name: Jiang, Tingsong
name: Jiang, Tingsong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: One approach to internalising a negative externality of economic activity is to impose a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of the externality. However, this approach overlooks the possibility that the tax revenue can be earmarked to correct the externality directly, i.e. financing the environmental protection projects. It is found that a pure Pigouvian tax is usually not an optimal policy. This issue is examined in both partial and general equilibrium, static and dynamic settings. Certain conditions for justifying a pure Pigouvian tax or a fully earmarked tax scheme are developed.
EVALUATION OF WILDLIFE HUNTING RESTRICTIONS ON BUSHMEAT TRADE IN FIVE MAJOR MARKETS AROUND DIGYA NATIONAL PARK
Creators: name: Owusu-Ansah, Nana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Bushmeat, hunting methods, livelihood, poaching

description: ABSTRACT Bushmeat harvesting, processing and trade has long been a source of livelihood for many homes in both rural and urban Ghana. Since the general belief in the country is that wildlife numbers have dwindled over the years due to unsustainable harvesting of this natural resource, this study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of wildlife laws in controlling trade and harvesting of wildlife. A total of 227 traders and 49 hunters were interviewed in five major markets around Digya National Park. Respondents were selected through snowballing while the simple random sampling procedure was used in selecting market days. The main data collection techniques were in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The data were processed using the Statistical Package for Scientific Solutions (SPSS) and Excel software. Based on the major findings of the study, it was concluded that the wildlife restrictions in the country is not readily complied by the operators of the bushmeat trade. The Wildlife Division is not properly placed to enforce the laws while the licensing system does not require operators to produce returns on their purchases. The bushmeat trade is completely dominated by rodents constituting 80.3% of the total trade at the five markets surveyed. The study recommended that to achieve sustainable bushmeat harvesting, the Wildlife Division especially of the Digya National Park needs to build the capacity of its field staff to coordinate and monitor bushmeat exploitation, production and trade in markets around the Park. Also the Wildlife Division management should strengthen the community collaborative resource management unit to carry out wildlife conservation education in the communities. There is also need for the Wildlife Division to vigorously pursue its new Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs), which seeks to devolve ownership and stewardship of wildlife resources to local communities with the view of ensuring community participation in wildlife management.
Nitrobenzene as Additive to Improve Reproducibility and Degradation Resistance of Highly Efficient Methylammonium-Free Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Creators: name: Ioakeimidis, Apostolos
name: Choulis, Stelios. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the addition of 1 % (v/v) nitrobenzene within the perovskite formulation can be used as a method to improve the power conversion efficiency and reliability performance of methylammonium-free (CsFA) inverted perovskite solar cells. Addition of nitrobenzene increased PCE due to defect passivation and provides smoother films resulting in PVSCs with narrower PCE distribution. Moreover, the nitrobenzene additive methylammonium-free hybrid PVSCs exhibit prolonged lifetime compare to additive free PVSCs due to enhanced air and moisture degradation resistance.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures