cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Real-time and Registration-free Framework for Dynamic Shape Instantiation
Creators: name: Zhou, Xiao-Yun
name: Yang, Guang-Zhong
name: Lee, Su-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-time 3D navigation during minimally invasive procedures is an essential yet challenging task, especially when considerable tissue motion is involved. To balance image acquisition speed and resolution, only 2D images or low-resolution 3D volumes can be used clinically. In this paper, a real-time and registration-free framework for dynamic shape instantiation, generalizable to multiple anatomical applications, is proposed to instantiate high-resolution 3D shapes of an organ from a single 2D image intra-operatively. Firstly, an approximate optimal scan plane was determined by analyzing the pre-operative 3D statistical shape model (SSM) of the anatomy with sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) and considering practical constraints . Secondly, kernel partial least squares regression (KPLSR) was used to learn the relationship between the pre-operative 3D SSM and a synchronized 2D SSM constructed from 2D images obtained at the approximate optimal scan plane. Finally, the derived relationship was applied to the new intra-operative 2D image obtained at the same scan plane to predict the high-resolution 3D shape intra-operatively. A major feature of the proposed framework is that no extra registration between the pre-operative 3D SSM and the synchronized 2D SSM is required. Detailed validation was performed on studies including the liver and right ventricle (RV) of the heart. The derived results (mean accuracy of 2.19mm on patients and computation speed of 1ms) demonstrate its potential clinical value for real-time, high-resolution, dynamic and 3D interventional guidance.
description: 35 Pages, 11 figures
Contextuality as a resource for measurement-based quantum computation beyond qubits
Creators: name: Frembs, Markus
name: Roberts, Sam
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contextuality - the obstruction to describing quantum mechanics in a classical statistical way - has been proposed as a resource that powers quantum computing. The measurement-based model provides a concrete manifestation of contextuality as a computational resource, as follows. If local measurements on a multi-qubit state can be used to evaluate non-linear boolean functions with only linear control processing, then this computation constitutes a proof of strong contextuality - the possible local measurement outcomes cannot all be pre-assigned. However, this connection is restricted to the special case when the local measured systems are qubits, which have unusual properties from the perspective of contextuality. A single qubit cannot allow for a proof of contextuality, unlike higher-dimensional systems, and multiple qubits can allow for state-independent contextuality with only Pauli observables, again unlike higher-dimensional generalisations. Here we identify precisely that strong non-locality is necessary in a qudit measurement-based computation that evaluates high-degree polynomial functions with only linear control. We introduce the concept of local universality, which places a bound on the space of output functions accessible under the constraint of single-qudit measurements. Thus, the partition of a physical system into subsystems plays a crucial role for the increase in computational power. A prominent feature of our setting is that the enabling resources for qubit and qudit measurement-based computations are of the same underlying nature, avoiding the pathologies associated with qubit contextuality.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, comments welcome; v3 published version
Distinguishing between Software Oriented Architecture and Software as a Service: What's in a Name?
Creators: name: Laplante, Phillip A.
name: Zhang, Jia
name: Voas, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley
Gauged merons
Creators: name: Samoilenka, A.
name: Shnir, Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct new class of regular soliton solutions of the gauged planar Skyrme model on the target space $S^2$ with fractional topological charges in the scalar sector. These field configurations represent Skyrmed vortices, they have finite energy and carry topologically quantized magnetic flux $Φ=2πn$ where $n$ is an integer. Using a special version of the product ansatz as guide, we obtain by numerical relaxation various multimeron solutions and investigate the pattern of interaction between the fractionally charged solitons. We show that, unlike the vortices in the Abelian Higgs model, the gauged merons may combine short range repulsion and long range attraction. Considering the strong gauge coupling limit we demonstrate that the topological quantization of the magnetic flux is determined by the Poincaré index of the planar components $ϕ_\perp = ϕ_1+iϕ_2$ of the Skyrme field.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Quantum Deformation of BRST Algebra
Creators: name: Watamura, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the $q$-deformation of the BRST algebra, the algebra of the ghost, matter and gauge fields on one spacetime point using the result of the bicovariant differential calculus. There are two nilpotent operations in the algebra, the BRST transformation $\brs$ and the derivative $d$. We show that one can define the covariant commutation relations among the fields and their derivatives consistently with these two operation as well as the $*$-operation, the antimultiplicative inner involution.
description: 28pages, HD-THEP-92-39, Preprint TU-411 (September, 1992), LaTeX
Probing quantum and thermal noise in an interacting many-body system
Creators: name: Hofferberth, S.
name: Lesanovsky, I.
name: Schumm, T.
name: Imambekov, A.
name: Gritsev, V.
name: Demler, E.
name: Schmiedmayer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probabilistic character of the measurement process is one of the most puzzling and fascinating aspects of quantum mechanics. In many-body systems quantum mechanical noise reveals non-local correlations of the underlying many-body states. Here, we provide a complete experimental analysis of the shot-to-shot variations of interference fringe contrast for pairs of independently created one-dimensional Bose condensates. Analyzing different system sizes we observe the crossover from thermal to quantum noise, reflected in a characteristic change in the distribution functions from Poissonian to Gumbel-type, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions based on the Luttinger liquid formalism. We present the first experimental observation of quasi long-range order in one-dimensional atomic condensates, which is a hallmark of quantum fluctuations in one-dimensional systems. Furthermore, our experiments constitute the first analysis of the full distribution of quantum noise in an interacting many-body system.
Diagnosis and Reconfiguration using Bayesian Networks: An Electrical Power System Case Study
Creators: name: W. Bradley Knox
name: Mengshoel, Ole J.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated diagnosis and reconfiguration are important computational techniques that aim to minimize human intervention in autonomous systems. In this paper, we develop novel techniques and models in the context of diagnosis and reconfiguration reasoning using causal Bayesian networks (BNs). We take as starting point a successful diagnostic approach, using a static BN developed for a real-world electrical power system. We discuss in this paper the extension of this diagnostic approach along two dimensions, namely: (i) from a static BN to a dynamic BN; and (ii) from a diagnostic task to a reconfiguration task. More specifically, we discuss the auto-generation of a dynamic Bayesian network from a static Bayesian network. In addition, we discuss subtle, but important, differences between Bayesian networks when used for diagnosis versus reconfiguration. We discuss a novel reconfiguration agent, which models a system causally, including effects of actions through time, using a dynamic Bayesian network. Though the techniques we discuss are general, we demonstrate them in the context of electrical power systems (EPSs) for aircraft and spacecraft. EPSs are vital subsystems on-board aircraft and spacecraft, and many incidents and accidents of these vehicles have been attributed to EPS failures. We discuss a case study that provides initial but promising results for our approach in the setting of electrical power systems.
Stellar and nebular diagnostics in the UV for star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Byler, Nell
name: Dalcanton, Julianne
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Johnson, Benjamin
name: Levesque, Emily
name: Berg, Danielle
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a long history of using optical emission and absorption lines to constrain the metallicity and ionization parameters of gas in galaxies. However, comparable diagnostics are less well-developed for the UV. Here, we assess the diagnostic potential of both absorption and emission features in the UV and evaluate the diagnostics against observations of local and high redshift galaxies. We use the CloudyFSPS nebular emission model of Byler et al. 2017, extended to include emission predictions in the UV, to evaluate the metallicity sensitivity of established UV stellar absorption indices, and to identify those that include a significant contribution from nebular emission. We present model UV emission line fluxes as a function of metallicity and ionization parameter, assuming both instantaneous bursts and constant SFRs. We identify combinations of strong emission lines that constrain metallicity and ionization parameter, including [CIII] 1907, CIII] 1909, OIII] 1661,1666, SiIII]1883,1892, CIV 1548,1551, NII] 1750,1752, and MgII 2796, and develop UV versions of the canonical "BPT" diagram. We quantify the relative contribution from stellar wind emission and nebular line emission to diagnostic line ratios that include the CIV 1548,1551 lines, and also develop an observationally motivated relationship for N and C enrichment that improves the performance of photoionization models. We summarize the best diagnostic choices and the associated redshift range for low-, mid-, and high-resolution rest-UV spectroscopy in preparation for the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope.
Diagnosing Intermittent and Persistent Faults using Static Bayesian Networks
Creators: name: Mengshoel, Ole J
name: Ricks, Brian
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Both intermittent and persistent faults may occur in a wide range of systems. We present in this paper the introduction of intermittent fault handling techniques into ProDiagnose, an algorithm that previously only handled persistent faults. We discuss novel algorithmic techniques as well as how our static Bayesian networks help diagnose, in an integrated manner, a range of intermittent and persistent faults. Through experiments with data from the ADAPT electrical power system test bed, generated as part of the Second International Diagnostic Competition (DXC-10), we show that this novel variant of ProDiagnose diagnoses intermittent faults accurately and quickly, while maintaining strong performance on persistent faults.
Quantifying landscape evolution processes and tectonic rates in Italy
Creators: name: Quye-Sawyer, Jennifer Susan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Topography is the time integrated record of tectonics and climate produced through changes in uplift, erosion and sedimentation. River incision is coupled with uplift, so channel elevation as a function of downstream distance may be numerically ‘inverted’ to quantify past changes in uplift rate. I calibrated an erosion law for Sardinia and Calabria, then utilised numerical inverse methods to quantify Pliocene–Recent throw rates of normal faults in these study areas. In the Sardinian study area, all rivers are consistent with fluvial erosion linearly proportional to channel slope and approximately proportional to the square root of upstream drainage area. This implies that a simple, and physically justified, parametrisation of the stream power incision equation can describe fluvial incision over geological timescales. In Calabria, a unit stream power-based spatial and temporal inversion also yielded low misfit between observed and modelled longitudinal profiles, and the best-fitting longitudinal profiles that are consistent with total uplift indicated by marine terrace elevations are produced with catchment area exponent of 0.65. This calibration predicts the elevation of independently dated Mid–Late Pleistocene marine terraces within a factor of two. In both locations, inverse modelling suggests temporally varying fault throw rates, which on Calabria are superimposed with an temporally increasing but spatially similar regional uplift rate. Fluvial gravels on a drainage divide in the footwall of the Armo fault have a cosmogenic burial age of 78 +25 –22 ka. These gravels were probably part of the weakly incised west draining Valanidi catchment, which has been partially captured by the rapidly eroding south flowing Melito-Paludi catchment within the last ≈100 kyr. Gravels within the upper terrace in the footwall of the Cittanova fault have nuclide concentrations consistent with muogenic production. Numerical modelling shows that these concentrations could have been acquired since 1.2 Ma while continually buried in an uplifting terrace.
Charged Particle Stopping Power Effects on Ignition: Some Results from an Exact Calculation
Creators: name: Singleton, Robert L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A completely rigorous first-principles calculation of the charged particle stopping power has recently been performed by Brown, Preston, and Singleton (BPS). This calculation is exact to leading and next-to-leading order in the plasma number density, including an exact treatment of two-body quantum scattering. The BPS calculation is therefore extremely accurate in the plasma regime realized during the ignition and burn of an inertial confinement fusion capsule. For deuterium-tritium fusion, the 3.5 MeV alpha particle range tends to be 20-30% longer than most models in the literature have predicted, and the energy deposition into the ions tends to be smaller. Preliminary numerical simulations indicate that this increases the rho-R required to achieve ignition.
description: 19 pages, 3 Figures, Published in the proceedings for the 49th Annual meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Orlando FL, 12-16 November 2007. Added more details about numerics
Matching of transverse momentum dependent distributions at twist-3
Creators: name: Scimemi, Ignazio
name: Vladimirov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the leading order matching of the quark generated polarized transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions onto the collinear functions at small values of the transverse distance. Starting from the very definition of the TMD operator and performing the light-cone operator product expansion up to twist-3 order, we evaluate each distribution directly in position space. We primarily consider the cases of Sivers, Boer-Mulders and worm-gear functions. The effects of the TMD process dependence on the matching are explicitly shown. We also discuss the moments of TMD distributions which can be relevant for lattice calculations.
description: Version accepted for pubblication
Cleavage of the N≡N Triple Bond and Unpredicted Formation of the Cyclic 1,3-Diaza-2,4-Diborete (FB)2N2 from N2 and Fluoroborylene BF
Creators: name: Xu, Bing
name: Beckers, Helmut
name: Ye, Haoyu
name: Lu, Yan
name: Cheng, Juanjuan
name: Wang, Xuefeng
name: Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: aromaticity
subject: dinitrogen activation
subject: fluoroborylene
subject: puckered B2N2 ring
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::546 Anorganische Chemie

description: A complete cleavage of the triple bond of N2 by fluoroborylene (:BF) was achieved in a low-temperature N2 matrix by the formation of the four-membered heterocycle FB(μ-N)2BF, which lacks a trans-annular N−N bond. Additionally, the linear complex FB=N−N=BF and cyclic FB(η2-N2) were formed. These novel species were characterized by their matrix infrared spectra and quantum-chemical calculations. The puckered four-membered-ring B2N2 complex shows a delocalized aromatic two-electron π-system in conjugation with the exo-cyclic fluorine π lone pairs. This work may contribute to a rational design of catalysts based on borylene for artificial dinitrogen activation.
title: Control of Female Sexual Behaviour: An Investigation using the Standard Cross Cultural Sample
Creators: name: Grossman, Kayleigh
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2024

description: The control of female sexual behaviour has been suggested to be a mating strategy used by both men and women to mitigate intrasexual competition. Men are incentivised to control female sexual behaviour because it reduces their risk of cuckoldry by other males. Females, because they want to reduce the supply of sex available in society so that men will have to invest more resources to gain access to them sexually. They therefore do not want other women to threaten this exchange by promiscuously engaging in sex with the men in the community. Features in society may prompt men and women to engage in the control of female sexual behaviour. Men may respond to an increased risk of cuckoldry in the form of a polygynous mating system or to having to invest more in their offspring. Women are suggested to be motivated to control female sexual behaviour when they lack power and control over resources in society. Previous research has tested these theories but have focused on a small aspect of female sexual behaviour, premarital sexual permissiveness. This thesis aims to expand on this research by examining the question: Do men and women control female sexual behaviour through promoting negative attitudes and beliefs on different aspects of female sexual behaviour? To charter the extensive variation in attitudes and beliefs on female sexual behaviour that is present in societies a thorough literature search was conducted of the Human Relations Area Files. This revealed 10 thematic areas including attitudes towards menstruation, virginity and adultery and sexual pleasure. Whyte’s alternative case sample of the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample was used to test the effectiveness of circumstances that might incentivise men and women to control several ‘aspects’ of female sexual behaviour. This included beliefs restricting women’s sexual freedom, supporting violence against women and shaming women’s sexualised bodies. Results from Ordinal Logistic Regression showed that societies who had direct inheritance of resources and control of property by women were more likely to enact control over women’s sexual behaviour. The question of whether men and women control female sexual behaviour through different mechanisms was also confirmed. Results showed that situations that may incentivise men were associated with beliefs restricting women’s sexual freedom, whereas situations for women were associated with negative beliefs regarding women’s sexualised bodies. The implications of these findings for women’s reproductive and sexual health are discussed.
Der Nutzen der Computertomografie zur Darstellung der Ablationszone nach hepatischer Thermoablation
Creators: name: Bressem, Keno Kyrill
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Thermoablation
subject: Microwave Ablation
subject: Radiofrequency Ablation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Die Radiofrequenzablation und die Mikrowellenablation sind thermoablative Verfahren, die unter anderem in der minimal-invasiven Therapie von Lebertumoren zum Einsatz kommen. Die Intervention wird zumeist unter Zuhilfenahme von bildgebenden Verfahren wie der Computertomografie (CT) durchgeführt, um eine exakte Platzierung der Ablationsantenne zu gewährleisten. Nach erfolgter Ablation sollte dann eine Kontrolle des Ablationsareals mittels CT-Bildgebung erfolgen, um den Erfolg der Intervention zu kontrollieren und gegebenenfalls eine sofortige Korrektur der Ablation vorzunehmen. Die Kontrastmittel-CT zeigt eine gute Eignung für Darstellung der Morphologie des Ablationsareals; es besteht jedoch die Gefahr, dass sie die wahre Größe des Ablationsareals überschätzt. Zudem eignet sich die einphasige Kontrastmittel-CT nicht zur Abgrenzung der zentralen Nekrosezone innerhalb des Ablationsareals, da diese nicht sicher von dem thermisch geschädigten, jedoch weiterhin vitalen Gewebe abgegrenzt werden kann. Eine Möglichkeit, die Nekrosezone besser mittels Kontrastmittel-CT abzugrenzen, ist die Akquisition dynamischer Kontrastmittelsequenzen wie der CT-Perfusion. Mittels CT-Perfusion ist es möglich, die zentrale Nekrosezone besser gegenüber randständigem, noch partiell vitalem Gewebe zu differenzieren. Ein Nachteil der CT-Perfusion ist jedoch die Notwendigkeit zusätzlicher Bildakquisitionen und dementsprechend der damit verbundenen erhöhten Strahlenexposition. Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Abgrenzung der Nekrosezone ergibt sich aus der Anwendung einer quantitativen Bildanalyse. Mittels Radiomics ist es möglich, nekrotische Subareale von partiell vitalem Gewebe zu unterscheiden, ohne dass eine erneute Bildakquisition erforderlich wird. Bei allen Verfahren ist es von Bedeutung, die postablationale Bildgebung rasch nach der Ablation durchzuführen, da die Ablationsareale eine ausgeprägte Größendynamik zeigen mit einer initialen Größenzunahme und daraufhin folgender langsamer und kontinuierlicher Schrumpfung. Bei Verzögerung der postablationalen Bildgebung sollte diese Größendynamik während der Evaluation des Ablationserfolges mitberücksichtigt werden. Zusammenfassend bietet die Computertomographie innovative Möglichkeiten der verbesserten Darstellung der Ablationsränder sowie der zentralen Nekrosezone. In Kenntnis der typischen Größendynamik des Ablationsareals könnte eine unvollständige Ablation außerdem früher erkannt werden, um das Risiko des Auftretens eines Lokalrezidivs zu vermindern.
Implications of an arithmetical symmetry of the commutant for modular invariants
Creators: name: Ruelle, Ph
name: Thiran, E
name: Weyers, J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out the existence of an arithmetical symmetry for the commutant of the modular matrices S and T. This symmetry holds for all affine simple Lie algebras at all levels and implies the equality of certain coefficients in any modular invariant. Particularizing to SU(3)_k, we classify the modular invariant partition functions when k+3 is an integer coprime with 6 and when it is a power of either 2 or 3. Our results imply that no detailed knowledge of the commutant is needed to undertake a classification of all modular invariants.
description: 17 pages, plain TeX, DIAS-STP-92-26
Diagnosing Faults in Electrical Power Systems of Spacecraft and Aircraft
Creators: name: Mengshoel, Ole J
name: Darwichse, Adnan
name: Cascio, Keith
name: Chavira, Mark
name: Poll, Scott
name: Uckun, Serdar
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electrical power systems play a critical role in spacecraft and aircraft. This paper discusses our development of a diagnostic capability for an electrical power system testbed, ADAPT, using probalistic techniques. In the context of ADAPT, we present two challenges, regarding modelling and real-time performance, often encountered in real-world diagnostic applications. To meet the modelling challenge, we discuss our novel high-level specification language which supports auto-generation of Bayesian networks. To meet the real-time challenge, we compile Bayesian networks intro arithmetic circuits. Arithmetic circuits typically have small footprints and are optimized for the real-time avionics systems found in spacecraft and aircraft. Using our approach, we present how Bayesian networks with over 400 nodes are auto-generated and then compiled into arithmetic circuits. Using real-time world data from ADAPT as well as simulated data, we obtain average inference times smaller than one millisecond when computing diagnostic queries using arithmetic circuits that model our real world electrical power system.
Analysing gateway cities at different scales: From global interlinking and regional development to urban branding
Creators: name: Scholvin, Sören
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: gateway city
subject: interplace
subject: regional development
subject: relational city
subject: resource periphery
subject: urban branding
subject: world city
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Gateway cities connect vast hinterlands to the outside world, being vital for our highly globalised and networked society. Studying them complements the understanding of urban nodes in global networks from the world city literature because it draws attention to the diversity of these nodes and city-to-hinterland relations. This article first discusses which features mark gateway cities. Logistics, industrial processing, knowledge generation and perhaps other dimensions of global interlinking should be taken into consideration – in addition to corporate control and corporate services. Second, the article sheds light on the impact of gateway cities upon regional development. Whilst some argue that gateways are a filter to economic gains and thus reduce the prospects of their hinterlands, others suggest that they may serve as engines of growth, transmitting impulses to subordinate locations. The author then elaborates on dynamics at the urban scale. He contends that there is need for research on cities (or organisations from there) as actors that resort to, for example, urban branding to become a gateway or reinforce this status. Research along these lines must also address the dark side of urban branding, most importantly the sharp divide between globalised and sidelined urban districts.
Fragmentation in high-choice media environments from a micro-perspective: Effects of selective exposure on issue diversity in individual repertoires
Creators: name: Porten-Cheé, Pablo
name: Eilders, Christiane
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: fragmentation
subject: selective exposure
subject: issue diversity
subject: media repertoires
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr::384 Kommunikation, Telekommunikation

description: Online communication is often seen to promote audience fragmentation because it facilitates selective exposure and therefore is likely to divide audiences into sub-publics that hardly share common issues with other sub-publics. This study takes a micro-perspective on fragmentation by focusing on issue diversity in media items users have encountered in a particular week. Diversity was assessed via content analyses based on online diaries of 645 participants who recorded their media use concerning the German debates on climate change and federal elections. Findings show lower degrees of diversity for users of non-journalistic online media than for users of journalistic mass media.
Drift of slow variables in slow-fast Hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Brännström, N.
name: Gelfreich, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J45; 70H11; 70H14

description: We study the drift of slow variables in a slow-fast Hamiltonian system with several fast and slow degrees of freedom. For any periodic trajectory of the fast subsystem with the frozen slow variables we define an action. For a family of periodic orbits, the action is a scalar function of the slow variables and can be considered as a Hamiltonian function which generates some slow dynamics. These dynamics depend on the family of periodic orbits. Assuming the fast system with the frozen slow variables has a pair of hyperbolic periodic orbits connected by two transversal heteroclinic trajectories, we prove that for any path composed of a finite sequence of slow trajectories generated by action Hamiltonians, there is a trajectory of the full system whose slow component shadows the path.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Valley Hall Transport of Photon-Dressed Quasiparticles in 2D Dirac Semiconductors
Creators: name: Kovalev, V. M.
name: Tse, Wang-Kong
name: Fistul, M. V.
name: Savenko, I. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of the photovoltaic valley-dependent Hall effect in a two-dimensional Dirac semiconductor subject to an intense near-resonant electromagnetic field. Our theory captures and elucidates the influence of both the field-induced resonant interband transitions and the nonequilibrium carrier kinetics on the resulting valley Hall transport in terms of photon-dressed quasiparticles. The non-perturbative renormalization effect of the pump field manifests itself in the dynamics of the photon-dressed quasiparticles, with a quasienergy spectrum characterized by {dynamical gaps $δ_η$ ($η$ is the valley index)} that strongly depend on field amplitude and polarization. Nonequilibrium carrier distribution functions are determined by the pump field frequency $ω$ as well as the ratio of intraband relaxation time $τ$ and interband recombination time $τ_{\mathrm{rec}}$. We obtain analytic results in three regimes, when (I) all relaxation processes are negligible, (II) $τ\ll τ_{\mathrm{rec}}$, and (III) $τ\gg τ_{\mathrm{rec}}$, and display corresponding asymptotic dependences on $δ_η$ and $ω$. We then apply our theory to two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides, and find a strong enhancement of valley-dependent Hall conductivity as the pump field frequency approaches the transition energies between the pair of spin-resolved conduction and valence bands at the two valleys.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Plant and soil biodiversity have non-substitutable stabilising effects on biomass production
Creators: name: Yang, Gaowen
name: Ryo, Masahiro
name: Roy, Julien
name: Hempel, Stefan
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: biodiversity loss
subject: community-weighted mean
subject: drought
subject: dilution-to-extinction approach
subject: ecosystem stability
subject: functional diversity
subject: multitrophic biodiversity
subject: species asynchrony
subject: temporal stability
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The stability of plant biomass production in the face of environmental change is fundamental for maintaining terrestrial ecosystem functioning, as plant biomass is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all life forms. However, most studies have focused on the stabilising effect of plant diversity, neglecting the effect of soil biodiversity, the largest reservoir of biodiversity on Earth. Here we investigated the effects of plant and soil biodiversity on the temporal stability of biomass production under varying simulated precipitation in grassland microcosms. Soil biodiversity loss reduced temporal stability by suppressing asynchronous responses of plant functional groups. Greater plant diversity, especially in terms of functional diversity, promoted temporal stability, but this effect was independent of soil biodiversity loss. Moreover, multitrophic biodiversity, plant and soil biodiversity combined, was positively associated with temporal stability. Our study highlights the importance of maintaining both plant and soil biodiversity for sustainable biomass production.
Additional file 1 of Targeting macrophage M1 polarization suppression through PCAF inhibition alleviates autoimmune arthritis via synergistic NF-κB and H3K9Ac blockade
Creators: name: Li, Jinteng
name: Ye, Feng
name: Xu, Xiaojun
name: Xu, Peitao
name: Wang, Peng
name: Zheng, Guan
name: Ye, Guiwen
name: Yu, Wenhui
name: Su, Zepeng
name: Lin, Jiajie
name: Che, Yunshu
name: Liu, Zhidong
name: Feng, Pei
name: Cao, Qian
name: Li, Dateng
name: Xie, Zhongyu
name: Wu, Yanfeng
name: Shen, Huiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Hadron production in gamma-gamma collisions as a background for e+e- linear colliders
Creators: name: Chen, Pisin
name: Barklow, Timothy L.
name: Peskin, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drees and Godbole have proposed that, at the interaction point of an e+e- linear collider, one expects a high rate of hadron production by gamma-gamma collisions, providing an additional background to studies in e+e- annihilation. Using a simplified model of the gamma-gamma cross section with soft and jet-like components, we estimate the expected rate of these hadronic events for a variety of realistic machine designs. The final background rates are quite small, and they become smaller still when viewed with a realistic detector simulation.
description: PHYZZX, 39 pages, including 3 tables; 14 figures are not included but are available upon request
title: AN, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000807
Creators: name: Claustre, Julie
name: Nationales, Archives
name: Archives Nationales
name: Claustre, Julie
name: ArchivesNationales/J.CLAUSTRE/H.REGAZZI/2020
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Châtelet
subject: registre
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Archives Nationales, Y5266. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Bibliographic citation: Archives Nationales, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000807
Scaling Relations for Dark Matter Annihilation and Decay Profiles in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Creators: name: Pace, Andrew B.
name: Strigari, Louis E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the dark matter distribution in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) from stellar kinematics is crucial for indirect dark matter searches, as these distributions set the fluxes for both dark matter annihilation (J-Factor) and decay (D-Factor). Here we produce a compilation of J and D-Factors for dSphs, including new calculations for several newly-discovered Milky Way (MW) satellites, for dSphs outside of the MW virial radius, and for M31 satellites. From this compilation we test for scaling relations between the J and D-factors and physical properties of the dSphs such as the velocity dispersion ($σ_{\mathrm{los}}$), the distance ($d$), and the stellar half-light radius ($r_{1/2}$). We find that the following scaling relation minimizes the residuals as compared to different functional dependencies on the observed dSphs properties $J(0.5 {\rm deg}) = 10^{17.72} \left(σ_{\mathrm{los}}/5\,{\rm km \, s^{-1}}\right)^4 \left(d / 100\,{\rm kpc}\right)^{-2}\left( r_{1/2}/100 \,{\rm pc} \right)^{-1}$. We find this relation has considerably smaller scatter as compared to the simpler relations that scale only as $1/d^2$. We further explore scalings with luminosity ($L_V$), and find that the data do not strongly prefer a scaling including $L_V$ as compared to a pure $1/d^2$ scaling. The scaling relations we derive can be used to estimate the J-Factor without the full dynamical analysis, and will be useful for estimating limits on particle dark matter properties from new systems that do not have high-quality stellar kinematics.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. Chains and additional plots can be found on https://github.com/apace7/J-Factor-Scaling
title: Die Poesie der Dinge
title: Ziele und Strategien der Wissensvermittlung im lateinischen Lehrgedicht der Frühen Neuzeit
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Poetisierung von Wissenschaft
subject: DFG-Forschungsgruppe 2305 Diskursivierungen von Neuem
subject: 800 Literatur::870 Lateinische, italische Literaturen::870 Italische Literaturen; Lateinische Literatur

description: Die lateinische Lehrdichtung der Frühen Neuzeit ist ein von der modernen Forschung bis heute nur wenig beachtetes Phänomen, dem sich der vorliegende Band auf weiter Ebene widmet: die diskutierten Texte erstrecken sich über einen Raum von Italien bis Brasilien und eine Zeitspanne vom ausgehenden 15. bis zum späten 18. Jahrhundert. Neben grundlegenden Fragen zur Gattung des frühneuzeitlichen Lehrgedichts, das mit seinen vielseitigen Ausprägungen eine Herausforderung für strenge Klassifikationsmodelle darstellt, bieten die Analysen einen Einblick in die Strategien dichterischer Wissensvermittlung, bei der neben wissenschaftlichen Themen nicht zuletzt gesellschaftliche und politische Zusammenhänge im Fokus stehen. Die Publikation richtet sich an ein fachkundiges Publikum, gibt jedoch durch Übersetzungen und ausführliche Paraphrasen der Originaltexte auch Interessierten ohne Lateinkenntnisse die Möglichkeit, dieses in der Frühen Neuzeit beliebte Genre in seiner ganzen kulturellen Bandbreite sowie seinem enormen Einfluss auf volkssprachige Dichtung kennenzulernen und zu erkunden, wie wissenschaftliche Dichtung zu einer Zeit funktionieren konnte, in der Literatur und Wissenschaft noch keine getrennten Bereiche darstellten.
Developing Large-Scale Bayesian Networks by Composition: Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Power Systems in Aircraft and Spacecraft
Creators: name: Mengshoel, Ole J
name: Poll, Scott
name: Kurtoglu, Tolga
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the use of Bayesian networks to construct large-scale diagnostic systems. In particular, we consider the development of large-scale Bayesian networks by composition. This compositional approach reflects how (often redundant) subsystems are architected to form systems such as electrical power systems. We develop high-level specifiations, Bayesian networks, clique trees, and arithmetic circuits representing 24 different electrical power systems. The largest among these 24 Bayesian networks contains over 1,000 random variables. Another BN represents the real-world electrical power system ADAPT, which is representative of electrical power systems deployed in aerospace vehicles. In addition to demonstrating the scalability of the compositional approach, we briefly report on experimental results from the diagnostic competition DXC, where the ProADAPT team, using techniques discussed here, obtained the highest scores in both Tier 1 (among 9 international competitors) and Tier 2 (among 6 international competitors) of the industrial track. While we consider diagnosis of power systems specifially, we believe this work is relevant to other system health management problems, in particular in dependable systems such as aircraft and spacecraft.
title: Annexe C1 : Les temps recomposés des beaux-parents, Population-F, 78 (3/4), 2023
Creators: name: Buisson, Guillemette
name: Le Pape, Marie-Clémence
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: Population
temps recomposé
Beaux-parents
Beaux-enfants
annexe

description: Annexe en ligne : C1
Guillemette Buisson et Marie-Clémence Le Pape, Les temps recomposés des beaux-parents : du temps avec au temps pour les beaux-enfants, Population-F, 78 (3/4), 2023, p. 467-500, https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.2303.0467
description: Annexe en ligne C1 : intervalle de confiance à 95% des répartitions au sein des couples de la prise en charge des tâches, selon que l’homme est le père ou le beau-père des enfants
Star-Triangle Relation for a Three Dimensional Model
Creators: name: Bazhanov, V. V.
name: Baxter, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solvable $sl(n)$-chiral Potts model can be interpreted as a three-dimensional lattice model with local interactions. To within a minor modification of the boundary conditions it is an Ising type model on the body centered cubic lattice with two- and three-spin interactions. The corresponding local Boltzmann weights obey a number of simple relations, including a restricted star-triangle relation, which is a modified version of the well-known star-triangle relation appearing in two-dimensional models. We show that these relations lead to remarkable symmetry properties of the Boltzmann weight function of an elementary cube of the lattice, related to spatial symmetry group of the cubic lattice. These symmetry properties allow one to prove the commutativity of the row-to-row transfer matrices, bypassing the tetrahedron relation. The partition function per site for the infinite lattice is calculated exactly.
description: 20 pages, plain TeX, 3 figures, SMS-079-92/MRR-020-92. (corrupted figures replaced)
Non-Hermitian Chern bands
Creators: name: Yao, Shunyu
name: Song, Fei
name: Wang, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between chiral edge modes and bulk Chern numbers of quantum Hall insulators is a paradigmatic example of bulk-boundary correspondence. We show that the chiral edge modes are not strictly tied to the Chern numbers defined by a non-Hermitian Bloch Hamiltonian. This breakdown of conventional bulk-boundary correspondence stems from the non-Bloch-wave behavior of eigenstates (non-Hermitian skin effect), which generates pronounced deviations of phase diagrams from the Bloch theory. We introduce non-Bloch Chern numbers that faithfully predict the numbers of chiral edge modes. The theory is backed up by the open-boundary energy spectra, dynamics, and phase diagram of representative lattice models. Our results highlight a unique feature of non-Hermitian bands and suggest a non-Bloch framework to characterize their topology.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, including supplemental material
NLO QCD corrections to WW+jet production at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Dittmaier, S.
name: Kallweit, S.
name: Uwer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production of W-boson pairs in association with a hard jet at the Tevatron and the LHC, which is an important source of background for Higgs and new-physics searches. The corrections stabilize the leading-order prediction for the cross section considerably, in particular if a veto against the emission of a second hard jet is applied.
Additional file 2 of Targeting macrophage M1 polarization suppression through PCAF inhibition alleviates autoimmune arthritis via synergistic NF-κB and H3K9Ac blockade
Creators: name: Li, Jinteng
name: Ye, Feng
name: Xu, Xiaojun
name: Xu, Peitao
name: Wang, Peng
name: Zheng, Guan
name: Ye, Guiwen
name: Yu, Wenhui
name: Su, Zepeng
name: Lin, Jiajie
name: Che, Yunshu
name: Liu, Zhidong
name: Feng, Pei
name: Cao, Qian
name: Li, Dateng
name: Xie, Zhongyu
name: Wu, Yanfeng
name: Shen, Huiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Automated Solvent-Free Polymerization of Hyperbranched Polyglycerol with Tailored Molecular Weight by Online Torque Detection
Creators: name: Wallert, Matthias
name: Plaschke, Johann
name: Dimde, Mathias
name: Ahmadi, Vahid
name: Block, Stephan
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: automated reactors
subject: hyperbranched polyglycerols
subject: online monitoring
subject: solvent-free polymerization
subject: torque-controlled
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Polymerization processes with high reproducibility, traceability, and nontoxic compounds are required for biomedical applications. Here an automated solvent-free polymerization of hyperbranched polyglycerol has been established on a multiple-hundred gram scale. Performed is an anionic ring-opening multibranching (ROMB) polymerization with slow addition of glycidol. The solvent-free approach avoids commonly used organic solvents during the polymerization and work-up. Due to the automation of the polymerization process a high reproducibility and traceability is accomplished. The used reactor is equipped with an anchor stirrer and stirrer control, which measures the applied torque. A linear correlation of the increasing torque and the degree of polymerization is observed, which can be used to monitor the molecular weight in situ during the polymerization.