cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rescaled Einstein-Hilbert Gravity from $f(R)$ Gravity: Inflation, Dark Energy and the Swampland Criteria
Creators: name: Oikonomou, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of exponential models of $f(R)$ gravity, in the presence of a canonical scalar field, for which at early times the effective Lagrangian of the theory becomes that of a rescaled canonical scalar field with the Einstein-Hilbert term becoming $\sim αR$, with $α$ a dimensionless constant. This rescaled Einstein-Hilbert scalar field theory at early times alters the inflationary phenomenology of well-known scalar field models of inflation, but more importantly, in the context of this rescaled theory, the Swampland criteria are easily satisfied, assuming that the scalar field is slowly rolling. We consider two models of inflation to exemplify our study, a fibre inflation model and a model that belongs to the general class of supergravity $α$-attractor models. The inflationary phenomenology of the models is demonstrated to be viable, and for the same set of values of the free parameters of each model which ensure their inflationary viability, all the known Swampland criteria are satisfied too, and we need to note that we assumed that the first Swampland criterion is marginally satisfied by the scalar field, so $ϕ\sim M_p$ during the inflationary era. Finally, we examine the late-time phenomenology of the fibre inflation potential in the presence of the full $f(R)$ gravity, and we demonstrate that the resulting model produces a viable dark energy era, which resembles the $Λ$-Cold-Dark-Mater model. Thus in the modified gravity model we present, the Universe is described by a rescaled Einstein-Hilbert gravity at early times, hence in some sense the modified gravity effect is minimal primordially, and the scalar field controls mainly the dynamics with a rescaled Ricci scalar gravity. However $f(R)$ gravity dominates at late-times, where it controls the dynamics, synergistically with the scalar field.
description: Revised version, PRD Accepted, abstract reduced slightly due to arXiv limitations
Diffuse  cortical Lewy body dementia – two cases – linked by FISH studies of DNA hybridization and immunohistochemtry to tertiary Borrelia burgdorferi brain infection.
Creators: name: MacDonald, Alan
name: Grier, Thomas M
name: Pierce, Paula K
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: First report in the world literature demonstrating that Lewy bodies contain protein epitopes which bind Borrelia burgdorferi specific antibodies [ ABCAM Inc] in immmunohistochemical staining of autopsy brain from diffuse cortical Lewy body dementia. Both cases also demonstrated that the Lewy bodies bound ubiquitin and alpha synculein, which is expected in diffuse cortical Lewy body dementia. The Parkinson's Disease Lewy bodies do not bind alpha synuclein but do bind ubiquitin.
1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR DAIRY FARMS
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by dairy farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension., or were accounting clients of AgriSolutions in Michigan, or of Farm Credit Services of Escanaba. This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on dairy farms during 1999; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Gene engineering of the alpha-synuclein gene by CRISPR/Cas9 in Parkinson’s disease patient-derived stem cell cultures
Creators: name: Schuele, Birgitt
name: Kim, Allen
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: The overall goal of the study is to better understand the role of the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene in neurodegeneration of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is a neurodegenerative disease that is most commonly characterized by the accumulation of the pre-synaptic protein alpha-synuclein into intracellular aggregates called Lewy bodies in neurons. Although the biological function of alpha-synuclein is still not fully understood, studies have shown that missense mutations (NM_000345.3 (SNCA) c.88G>C (p.Ala30Pro), c.136G>A (p.Glu46Lys), c.150T>G (p.His50Gln), c.152G>A (p.Gly51Asp), c.157G>A (p.Ala53Thr)) and multiplications (duplication & triplication) of SNCA are linked to familial forms of PD. This suggests that molecular changes of the alpha-synuclein protein and overexpression of wild-type alpha-synuclein protein both promote protein aggregation and eventual neurodegeneration. Therefore, a reduction of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons has been thought of as a rational therapeutic strategy for treating PD. In the past decade, several groups have made attempts at examining the effects of reducing the presence of intracellular alpha-synuclein in vitro and in vivo utilizing two main approaches: 1) targeting SNCA mRNA transcripts via the RNA interference and 2) targeting alpha-synuclein protein itself via antibody immunotherapies. However, these studies have reported conflicting results, and the effects of alpha-synuclein knockdown remain controversial. And thus, there is a great need for additional research to advance our current knowledge of alpha-synuclein.

To better understand the effects of SNCA knockdown in PD pathogenesis, we interrogate the coding region of the SNCA gene. This is an alternative approach of studying the effect of SNCA knockdown compared to prior studies which employed approaches that target mRNA or protein. We are currently utilizing the genome editing system CRISPR/Cas9 to knockdown SNCA in vitro in cell lines derived from a PD patient with an SNCA triplication which has been shown to exhibit PD-related phenotypes in culture. We have designed several CRISPR/Cas9 systems that specifically target SNCA exons 2 through 5 and validated them in HEK293 cells in vitro. In addition to investigating the effects of SNCA knockdown, we are also testing the efficiency of multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 system to target multiple SNCA exons at once. We believe that this approach of knocking down SNCA using CRISPR/Cas9 system will enable reverse genetic studies and will allow the investigation of any potential therapeutic effects associated with SNCA knockdown in patient-derived stem cell cultures in vitro.
INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FRUIT TREE SPRAYERS IN MICHIGAN ORCHARDS
Creators: name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Asuming-Brempong, Samuel
name: Van Ee, Gary R.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Asuming-Brempong, Samuel
name: Van Ee, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Changing orchard sprayer technology and rising pesticide costs to fruit growers raise the need to analyze the profitability of alternative sprayer investments. This study analyzes investments in four orchard sprayers for use in Michigan apple production: an air blast sprayer, a tower boom sprayer, a tower boom sprayer equipped with electronic sensors that activate spray nozzles when foliage is detected, and an air curtain sprayer that targets spray with a layer of forced air. Assuming equal pest control efficacy, the study calculates the annualized net present cost per acre of owning and operating each sprayer for ten years using a baseline discount rate of 10 percent over 200 acres of semi-dwarf apple trees. The analysis found the annualized net present cost per acre, from least to greatest, to be $287 for the air curtain sprayer, $312 for the tower sprayer with electronic sensors, $345 for the plain tower sprayer, and $391 for the conventional air blast sprayer. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the ranking of these cost results was sensitive to farm size, but not to percentage of funds borrowed, discount rate, loan interest rate, or pesticide costs within the ranges investigated. The air curtain sprayer was lowest cost for orchards of 25 acres or more; the conventional air blast sprayer was lowest cost for 10-acre orchards.
The Origins of Two Classes of Carbon-Enhanced, Metal-Poor Stars
Creators: name: Ryan, S. G.
name: Aoki, W.
name: Norris, J. E.
name: Beers, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have compiled composition, luminosity, and binarity information for carbon-enhanced, metal-poor (CEMP) stars reported by recent studies. We divided the CEMP star sample into two classes, having high and low abundances, respectively, of the s-process elements, and consider the abundances of several isotopes, in particular 12C, 13C, and 14N, as well as the likely evolutionary stages of each star. Despite the fact that objects in both groups were selected from the same surveys (primarily the HK survey), without a-priori knowledge of their s-process element abundances, we identify the following remarkable difference between the two classes: s-element-rich CEMP (CEMP-s) stars occupy a wide range of evolutionary states, but do not have a strongly evolved 13C/14N ratio, whereas s-element-normal CEMP stars (CEMP-no) are found only high up the first-ascent giant branch, and possess 13C/14N ratios approaching the CN-cycle equilibrium value. Based on these observational facts, we discuss scenarios of formation of CEMP stars.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, ApJ, in press
Early successional habitats created through plantation harvesting benefit the Gray Nightjar (Caprimulgus jotaka): An 8-year survey in central Hokkaido, northern Japan
Creators: name: Kawamura, Kazuhiro
name: Yamaura, Yuichi
name: Nakamura, Futoshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Early successional habitats and their associated species have been decreasing globally. In contrast, plantations have been expanding and their young stages (stand age ≤ 10 years) can serve as early successional habitats. The Gray Nightjar (Caprimulgus jotaka), a nocturnal bird species, breeds and forages in early successional habitats surrounded by forests; its populations have declined since the 1970s in Japan. Because nightjars are more abundant in warmer areas across Hokkaido, northern Japan, habitat creation through plantation harvesting was expected to promote nightjar abundance or occupancy in this region. To explore the effects of plantation harvesting on nightjar occupancy, we conducted an 8-year playback survey in a plantation landscape in central Hokkaido. We considered the effects of elevation as a surrogate for temperature. The results indicated that increasing young forest cover within 500 m of the centroid of each site enhanced nightjar occupancy, whereas elevation negatively affected occupancy. Therefore, at lower elevations, we predict a larger increase in occupancy probability with increasing young forest cover following plantation harvesting. Our results suggest that young forest creation in landscapes can contribute to Gray Nightjar conservation. To effectively create early successional species habitats through plantation harvesting, it is important to consider climate and elevation in the target area.
"Spiritualität" - oder die Frage nach der Qualität christlicher Existenz
Creators: name: Ulrich, Heinrich-Hermann
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 26 Nr. 2 (1977): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 26, Heft 2
Are protons still dominant at the knee of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum?
Creators: name: The Tibet AS Gamma Collaboration
name: Amenomori, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A hybrid experiment consisting of emulsion chambers, burst detectors and the Tibet II air-shower array was carried out at Yangbajing (4,300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm$^2$) in Tibet to obtain the energy spectra of primary protons and heliums. From three-year operation, these energy spectra are deduced between $10^{15}$ and $10^{16}$ eV by triggering the air showers associated with a high energy core and using a neural network method in the primary mass separation. The proton spectrum can be expressed by a single power-law function with a differential index of $-3.01 \pm 0.11$ and $-3.05 \pm 0.12$ based on the QGSJET+HD and SIBYLL+HD models, respectively, which are steeper than that extrapolated from the direct observations of $-2.74 \pm 0.01$ in the energy range below $10^{14}$ eV. The absolute fluxes of protons and heliums are derived within 30% systematic errors depending on the hadronic interaction models used in Monte Carlo simulation. The result of our experiment suggests that the main component responsible for the change of the power index of the all-particle spectrum around $3 \times 10^{15}$ eV, so-called ``knee'', is composed of nuclei heavier than helium. This is the first measurement of the differential energy spectra of primary protons and heliums by selecting them event by event at the knee energy region.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication Physics Letters B on October 19th, 2005. This paper has been accepted for publication Physics Letters B on October 19th, 2005
Government Policy Success: A Tale of Sugar - a Comment on Edwards
Creators: name: Males, Warren P.
name: Males, Warren P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: There have been significant changes to the sugar industry's regulatory regime over the past five years. New investment is flowing into all sectors of the industry. Consumers have benefited by rationalisation of the white sugar industry. The raw sugar industry is undergoing a period of sustained expansion. There is a resurgence of confidence in the industry and surrounding rural communities. The industry is making an important contribution to export earnings and the national economy. In short, the sugar industry is a tale of government policy success.
Face detection by facets : combined bottom-up and top-down search using compound templates
Creators: name: Holst, Glendon Randal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: As detection domains increase in size and complexity, new techniques are needed to effectively search the image and feature space. In this thesis, I explore one such approach to object recognition in the domain of face detection. This approach, dubbed compound templates, is compared to a single template approach. The developed system, Facets, provides an implementation of both techniques to enable fair comparison. The compound template technique uses subfeatures and spatial models to represent a compound object (such as a face). From these compound models, hypothesis-based search then combines top-down and bottom-up search processes to localize the search within the image and feature space. Detected subfeatures become evidence for facial hypotheses, which then guide local searches for the remaining subfeatures based upon the expected facial configuration. The compound technique is described and a comparison of the compound templates technique with a single template technique in a mug-shot style face domain is presented. A description of the implementation, along with issues surrounding the compound templates approach is also provided. Attention is paid to performance, including both efficiency and accuracy. The results are complex; but the strengths, weaknesses, and various trade-offs of the two techniques are detailed. The combined bottom-up and top-down approach of compound templates demonstrates a clear advantage over bottom-up only approaches. The compound templates approach also demonstrates better performance for feature sparse images, detection accuracy, domain coverage, and for domains with increasing size.
Adaptation Properties Allow Identification of Optimized Neural Codes
Creators: name: Rast, Luke
name: Drugowitsch, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The adaptation of neural codes to the statistics of their environment is well captured by efficient coding approaches. Here we solve an inverse problem: characterizing the objective and constraint functions that efficient codes appear to be optimal for, on the basis of how they adapt to different stimulus distributions. We formulate a general efficient coding problem, with flexible objective and constraint functions and minimal parametric assumptions. Solving special cases of this model, we provide solutions to broad classes of Fisher information-based efficient coding problems, generalizing a wide range of previous results. We show that different objective function types impose qualitatively different adaptation behaviors, while constraints enforce characteristic deviations from classic efficient coding signatures. Despite interaction between these effects, clear signatures emerge for both unconstrained optimization problems and information-maximizing objective functions. Asking for a fixed-point of the neural code adaptation, we find an objective-independent characterization of constraints on the neural code. We use this result to propose an experimental paradigm that can characterize both the objective and constraint functions that an observed code appears to be optimized for.
description: v2: Corrected typos and issues displaying the figures. Edits to supplementary material
The Impact on the Australian Lamb Industry of Producing Larger Leaner Lamb
Creators: name: Mullen, John D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Mullen, John D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: An equilibrium displacement model of the Australian lamb industry was used to estimate the changes in economic surplus to the producers, processors and consumers of lamb from an increase in the proportion of total production meeting the criteria for Elite lamb. This change in the nature of the product has implications for consumer demand and for processing and production costs. Estimates of the expected changes in these demand and supply parameters are presented in the paper. The potential demand shift was estimated to be much larger than the changes in production and processing costs and consequently was most influential in determining the extent of the benefits from the change in technology.
The Synthesis of Regression Slopes in Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Becker, Betsy Jane
name: Wu, Meng-Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research on methods of meta-analysis (the synthesis of related study results) has dealt with many simple study indices, but less attention has been paid to the issue of summarizing regression slopes. In part this is because of the many complications that arise when real sets of regression models are accumulated. We outline the complexities involved in synthesizing slopes, describe existing methods of analysis and present a multivariate generalized least squares approach to the synthesis of regression slopes.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-STS243 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Heavy-flavor hadro-production with heavy-quark masses renormalized in the ${\overline{\rm MS}}$, MSR and on-shell schemes
Creators: name: Garzelli, M. V.
name: Kemmler, L.
name: Moch, S.
name: Zenaiev, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present predictions for heavy-quark production at the Large Hadron Collider making use of the ${\overline{\rm MS}}$ and MSR renormalization schemes for the heavy-quark mass as alternatives to the widely used on-shell renormalization scheme. We compute single and double differential distributions including QCD corrections at next-to-leading order and investigate the renormalization and factorization scale dependence as well as the perturbative convergence in these mass renormalization schemes. The implementation is based on publicly available programs, ${\texttt{MCFM}}$ and ${\texttt{xFitter}}$, extending their capabilities. Our results are applied to extract the top-quark mass using measurements of the total and differential $t\bar{t}$ production cross-sections and to investigate constraints on parton distribution functions, especially on the gluon distribution at low $x$ values, from available LHC data on heavy-flavor hadro-production.
description: 52 pages, 21 figures, 5 tables; v2: published version, extended with respect to v1 to account for all referee comments
New Low Accretion-Rate Magnetic Binary Systems and their Significance for the Evolution of Cataclysmic Variables
Creators: name: Schmidt, G. D.
name: Szkody, P.
name: Vanlandingham, K. M.
name: Anderson, S. F.
name: Barentine, J. C.
name: Brewington, H. J.
name: Hall, P. B.
name: Harvanek, M.
name: Kleinman, S. J.
name: Krzesinski, J.
name: Long, D.
name: Margon, B.
name: Neilsen, E. H.
name: Newman, P. R.
name: Nitta, A.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Snedden, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discoveries of two new white dwarf plus M star binaries with striking optical cyclotron emission features from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) brings to six the total number of X-ray faint, magnetic accretion binaries that accrete at rates < 10^{-13} Msun/yr, or <1% of the values normally encountered in cataclysmic variables. This fact, coupled with donor stars that underfill their Roche lobes and very cool white dwarfs, brand the binaries as post common-envelope systems whose orbits have not yet decayed to the point of Roche-lobe contact. They are pre-magnetic CVs, or pre-Polars. The systems exhibit spin/orbit synchronism and apparently accrete by efficient capture of the stellar wind from the secondary star, a process that has been dubbed a ``magnetic siphon''. Because of this, period evolution of the binaries will occur solely by gravitational radiation, which is very slow for periods >3 hr. Optical surveys for the cyclotron harmonics appear to be the only means of discovery, so the space density of pre-Polars could rival that of Polars, and the binaries provide an important channel of progenitors (in addition to the asynchronous Intermediate Polars). Both physical and SDSS observational selection effects are identified that may help to explain the clumping of all six systems in a narrow range of magnetic field strength around 60 MG.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Ecological and social aspects in modern business management
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 389902
subject: Ecological economics
classificationCode: 350304
subject: Business systems in context
classificationCode: 460901
subject: Business process management

description: The purpose of this work is to assess and analyze the impact of environmental and social factors on enterprise management in the context of the integration of environmental standards and social responsibility into business strategies to ensure sustainable development, as well as to increase competitiveness. In the research, monographic, abstract‑logical methods, as well as systematization and generalization were applied. The article examines the impact of environmental and social factors on business management strategies, considering their importance in the need to ensure the sustainable development of business and corporate responsibility. The methods and tools of the integration of green technologies, sustainable production and corporate social responsibility into the practice of strategic management have been examined. The particularities of the implementation of these management strategies in various business sectors are considered based on their contribution to the formation of competitive advantage and the promotion of investment attraction. It has been shown that in economic systems in which consumers are increasingly aware of the importance of environmental and social issues, enterprises must actively adapt to these changes, using them as an opportunity for their own development and innovation. It has been demonstrated that the implementation of the environmental component is capable of reducing costs due to the reduction in payment for carbon emissions, the requirements for which will be strengthened in the coming years. At the same time, integration of the social component into business management contributes to the formation of the social capital of the enterprise and leads to an increase in the productivity and effectiveness of the work of the employees.
Shadow, deflection angle and quasinormal modes of Born-Infeld charged black holes
Creators: name: Jafarzade, Khadije
name: Zangeneh, Mahdi Kord
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider black holes in the consistent Aoki-Gorji-Mukohyama theory of the four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (4D EGB) gravity in the presence of Born-Infeld (BI) nonlinear electrodynamics. We study several optical features of these black holes such as the shadow radius, energy emission rate and deflection angle, and analyse the effect of the coupling constants, the electric charge and cosmological constant on the considered optical quantities. Furthermore, we also employ the connection between the shadow radius and quasinormal modes (QNMs) and investigate small scalar perturbations around the black hole solution. We show that the variation of the parameters of the theory provide specific signatures on the optical features of the BI charged black hole solution, thus leading to the possibility of directly testing this consistent Aoki-Gorji-Mukohyama 4D EGB black hole model by using astrophysical observations.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures- V2: Analysis improved with the consistent Aoki-Gorji-Mukohyama theory of 4D EGB gravity with BI nonlinear electrodynamics. Discussion and references added; abstract improved. Accepted for publication in JCAP. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2009.12988
Nucleosynthesis In Core Collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Limongi, M.
name: Chieffi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the basic properties of the yields of our latest set of presupernova evolution and explosive nucleosynthesis of massive stars in the range between 11 and 120 Msun having solar and zero metallicity.
description: PDF Document, 6 pages, 2 figures. . Proceedings of "Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG05): New Horizon of Nuclear Astrophysics and Cosmology". Nov 8-11-2005, Tokyo, Japan
Binomial states and the phase distribution measurement of weak optical fields
Creators: name: Pregnell, K. L.
name: Pegg, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the eight-port interferometer used by Noh, Fougères, and Mandel [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 71}, 2579 (1993)] to measure their operational phase distribution of light can also be used to measure the canonical phase distribution of weak optical fields, where canonical phase is defined as the complement of photon number. A binomial reference state is required for this purpose, which we show can be obtained to an excellent degree of approximation from a suitably squeezed state. The proposed method requires only photodetectors that can distinguish among zero, one and more than one photons and is not particularly sensitive to photodetector imperfections.
description: 8 Pages, 4 figures
Dedicated Supernova Detection by a Network of Neutral Current Spherical TPC's
Creators: name: Vergados, J. D.
name: Giomataris, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova neutrinos can easily be detected by a spherical gaseous TPC detector measuring very low energy nuclear recoils. The expected rates are quite large for a neutron rich target since the neutrino nucleus neutral current interaction yields a coherent contribution of all neutrons. As a matter of fact for a typical supernova at 10 kpc, about 1000 events are expected using a spherical detector of radius 4 m with Xe gas at a pressure of 10 Atm. A world wide network of several such simple, stable and low cost supernova detectors with a running time of a few centuries is quite feasible.
description: 10 LaTex pages, 11 post script figures. To appear in the proceedings of NANP05, Dubna, Russia
Wheat Marketing and Trade: Further Issues for Research - a Comment on Ryan
Creators: name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Ryan challenges agricultural economists to help overcome a number of vexed problems facing the Australian wheat industry. Previous attempts to analyse these problems have been inadequate largely because of their inability to integrate real-world market imperfections and dynamics. Accordingly, there may be considerable merit in pursuing an alternative research agenda which employs non-traditional theories, models and estimation methods. Several alternative frameworks including the sunk cost model and strategic trade policy are proposed to address the issues of single desk selling status of the Australian Wheat Board and the US Export Enhancement Program. Additional problems including product differentiation, value adding and liberalisation in importing countries are discussed prior to developing an alternative approach to estimating demand and supply elasticities.
A Survey of Noncooperative Game Theory with Reference to Agricultural Markets: Part 1. Theoretical Concepts
Creators: name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper is the first of a two-part survey on noncooperative game theory relevant to agricultural markets. Part 1 discusses types of noncooperative games and reviews important developments in noncooperative game theory solution concepts, including Nash equilibrium, subgame perfect equilibrium, and perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Strengths and weaknesses of game theory as a modelling tool are also assessed. Part 2 of the survey will discuss specific applications to agricultural markets.
Spin-Orbit Misalignments in Tertiary-Induced Black-Hole Binary Mergers: Theoretical Analysis
Creators: name: Su, Yubo
name: Lai, Dong
name: Liu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black-hole (BH) binary mergers driven by gravitational perturbations of tertiary companions constitute an important class of dynamical formation channels for compact binaries detected by LIGO/VIRGO. Recent works have examined numerically the combined orbital and spin dynamics of BH binaries that undergo large Lidov-Kozai (LK) eccentricity oscillations induced by a highly inclined companion and merge via gravitational wave radiation. However, the extreme eccentricity variations make such systems difficult to characterize analytically. In this paper, we develop an analytical formalism for understanding the spin dynamics of binary BHs undergoing LK-induced mergers. We show that, under certain conditions, the eccentricity oscillations of the binary can be averaged over to determine the long-term behavior of the BH spin in a smooth way. In particular, we demonstrate that the final spin-orbit misalignment angle $θ_{\rm sl}$ is often related to the binary's primordial spin orientation through an approximate adiabatic invariant. Our theory explains the "$90^\circ$ attractor" (as found in recent numerical studies) for the evolution of $θ_{\rm sl}$ when the initial BH spin is aligned with the orbital axis and the octupole LK effects are negligible -- such a "$90^\circ$ attractor" would lead to a small binary effective spin parameter $χ_{\rm eff}\sim 0$ even for large intrinsic BH spins. We calculate the deviation from adiabaticity in closed form as a function of the initial conditions. We also place accurate constraints on when this adiabatic invariant breaks down due to resonant spin-orbit interactions. We consider both stellar-mass and supermassive BH tertiary companions, and provide simple prescriptions for determining analytically the final spin-orbit misalignment angles of the merging BH binaries.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures, accepted by PRD
Improving Horticultural Export Performance of Developing Countries in Asia
Creators: name: Jansen, Hans G.P.
name: Jansen, Hans G.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Many developing countries in Asia have a comparative advantage in the production of horticultural commodities with favourable growth prospects in world markets due to relatively high income and price elasticities. As a result, the horticultural sector has traditionally been an important source of foreign exchange earnings in Taiwan, China, the Philippines and (more recently) Thailand and Malaysia. On the other hand, the performance of potentially significant exporters in South Asia has been disappointing. Drawing from the widely diverging experiences of six countries, it is concluded that government policies significantly influence horticultural export performance. To meet strict consumers' specifications in importing countries, maximum cooperation is needed between the private export sector, the public sector and growers.
Application of topological quantum chemistry in electrides
Creators: name: Nie, Simin
name: Qian, Yuting
name: Gao, Jiacheng
name: Fang, Zhong
name: Weng, Hongming
name: Wang, Zhijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently developed theory of topological quantum chemistry (TQC) has built a close connection between band representations in momentum space and orbital characters in real space. It provides an effective way to diagnose topological materials, leading to the discovery of lots of topological materials after the screening of all known nonmagnetic compounds. On the other hand, it can also efficiently reveal spacial orbital characters, including average charge centers and site-symmetry characters. By using TQC theory with the computed irreducible representations in the first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the electrides with excess electrons serving as anions at vacancies can be well identified by analyzing band representations (BRs), which cannot be expressed as a sum of atomic-orbital-induced band representations (aBRs). In fact, the floating bands (formed by the excess electrons) belong to the BRs induced from the "pseudo-orbitals" centered at vacancies. In other words, the electrides are proved to be unconventional ionic crystals, where a set of occupied bands is not a sum of aBRs but necessarily contains a BR from vacancies. The TQC theory provides a promising avenue to pursue more electride candidates in ionic crystals.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 16 tables
A spatial model for social networks
Creators: name: Wong, Ling Heng
name: Pattison, Philippa
name: Robins, Garry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spatial embeddings of random graphs in which nodes are randomly distributed in geographical space. We let the edge probability between any two nodes to be dependent on the spatial distance between them and demonstrate that this model captures many generic properties of social networks, including the ``small-world'' properties, skewed degree distribution, and most distinctively the existence of community structures.
description: To be published in Physica A (2005)
Rice Self-Sufficiency in Papua New Guinea
Creators: name: Gibson, John
name: Gibson, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Policy makers in Papua New Guinea want to increase rice self-sufficiency. Food security has been cited as a reason, because the recent fall in the world price for tree crops causes rice imports to make a larger call on scarce export earnings. Analysis of the long run trend in the terms of trade between rice and tree crops suggests that rice self-sufficiency will not produce a sensible allocation of resources. The falling relative price of rice makes it is more efficient to devote resources to expansion of exports, particularly cocoa and coffee, in order to import rice.
Measurement of Spectral Breaks in Pulsar Wind Nebulae with Millimeter-wave Interferometry
Creators: name: Bock, D. C. -J.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed pulsar wind nebulae in the three supernova remnants G11.2-0.3, G16.7+0.1, and G29.7-0.3 at 89 GHz with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association Array, measuring total flux densities of two of them for comparison with archival data at other frequencies . In G16.7+0.1, we find a break in the spectrum of the PWN at ~26 GHz. In G29.7-0.3, our data suggest a break in the integrated spectrum of the central nebula at ~55 GHz, lower than previously estimated. However, we have found spatial structure in the spectrum of this nebula. The emission to the north of pulsar J1846-0258 has a broken spectrum, with break frequency ~< 100 GHz, consistent with a conventional pulsar-powered nebula. The emission to the south of the pulsar has a near-power-law spectrum from radio to X-rays: this component may be unrelated to the PWN, or may be evidence of asymmetries and/or time evolution in the pulsar's energy output. We present 89 GHz images of each remnant.
description: 8 pages, including 7 eps figures. ApJ, in press
Quantum Monte Carlo simulation of BEC-impurity tunneling
Creators: name: Popova, A. S.
name: Tiunova, V. V.
name: Rubtsov, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polaron tunneling is a prominent example of a problem characterized by different energy scales, for which the standard quantum Monte Carlo methods face a slowdown problem. We propose a new quantum-tunneling Monte Carlo (QTMC) method which is free from this issue and can be used for a wide range of tunneling phenomena. We apply it to study an impurity interacting with a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate and simultaneously trapped in an external double-well potential. Our scheme works for an arbitrary coupling between the particle and condensate and, at the same time, allows for an account of tunneling effects. We discover two distinct quasi-particle peaks associated, respectively, with the phonon-assisted tunneling and the self-trapping of the impurity, which are in a crossover regime for the system modeled. We observe and analyze changes in the weights and spectral positions of the peaks (or, equally, effective masses of the quasi-particles) when the coupling strength is increased. Possible experimental realizations using cold atoms are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Accessibility analyses of post offices in Germany differentiated by means of transport using a grid-based model
Creators: name: Tegetmeyer, Inga
name: Neumeier, Stefan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Thünen-Accessibility Model
subject: post-market
subject: Germany
subject: GIS
subject: accessibility
subject: Thünen-Erreichbarkeitsmodell
subject: Postdienstleistungen
subject: Deutschland
subject: Erreichbarkeit

description: Urbanization and demographic change are also having an impact on the demand for basic services. As a result, private and public service providers are gradually abandoning economically unattractive locations, whereby rural areas are generally more affected by these developments than urban areas. Against the backdrop of the norma-tive political goal of maintaining equivalent living conditions in all parts of the country, an important political objective in Germany is to counteract such processes. Unfortunately, apart from a few, usually spatially highly aggregated, supply indicators, there is hardly any small-scale differentiated data below the municipal level that provides information on whether, where and for whom the accessibility of basic services may be problematic. One of the areas for which there is hardly any data to date – although minimum service provision is defined by law – is the postal service. This working paper therefore examines the question of whether, where and, if so, for whom there are spatial inequalities in the accessibility of Deutsche Post AG post offices in Germany. The aim of the working paper is to create a data basis that allows us to assess the basic accessibility of Deutsche Post AG post offices, as it appears to households, for the whole of Germany. To this end, we examined the accessibility of post offices by the various means of transport – foot, bicycle, car and public transport – on a small scale in a 250×250 meters analysis grid using a GIS accessibility model from the perspective of the "households". We found that, contrary to popular belief, the accessibility or inaccessibility of post offices in Germany is not so much a spatial phenomenon that favors non-rural regions and disadvantages rural regions, as is often assumed. Instead, our study showed that the accessibility of post offices in Germany depends heavily on people's individual mobility in both rural and non-rural areas.
description: DOI:10.3220/WP1727249594000
Marketing Systems, Performance and Impediments to Product Differentiation
Creators: name: Wright, Vic
name: Wright, Vic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The structure of the agriculture sector in Australia appears to pose a fundamental constraint to 'product marketing' and 'value-adding' initiatives. A case is presented in this paper for the degree of search activity for differentiation and expansion opportunities to be related to measures of performance. Criteria are presented for the identification of the appropriate market level for an organisation to target within a vertical marketing system and these are then analysed with a view to identifying appropriate grounds for policy intervention by government to modify incentives in such systems. It is argued that grounds can exist for intervention because of increased consumer information even in markets which are contestable and that agribusiness provides many common examples.
Temperature Dependence of the Spin Resistivity in Ferromagnetic Thin Films
Creators: name: Akabli, K.
name: Diep, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic phase transition is experimentally known to give rise to an anomalous temperature-dependence of the electron resistivity in ferromagnetic crystals. Phenomenological theories based on the interaction between itinerant electron spins and lattice spins have been suggested to explain these observations. In this paper, we show by extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulation the behavior of the resistivity of the spin current calculated as a function of temperature ($T$) from low-$T$ ordered phase to high-$T$ paramagnetic phase in a ferromagnetic film. We analyze in particular effects of film thickness, surface interactions and different kinds of impurities on the spin resistivity across the critical region. The origin of the resistivity peak near the phase transition is shown to stem from the existence of magnetic domains in the critical region. We also formulate in this paper a theory based on the Boltzmann's equation in the relaxation-time approximation. This equation can be solved using numerical data obtained by our simulations. We show that our theory is in a good agreement with our MC results. Comparison with experiments is discussed.
description: 11 pages, 18 figures, submitted for publication
CMB Tomography: Reconstruction of Adiabatic Primordial Scalar Potential Using Temperature and Polarization Maps
Creators: name: Yadav, A. P. S.
name: Wandelt, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming linearity of the perturbations at the time of decoupling, we reconstruct the primordial scalar potential from the temperature and polarization anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation. In doing so we derive an optimal linear filter which, when operated on the spherical harmonic coefficients of the anisotropy maps, returns an estimate of the primordial scalar potential fluctuations in a spherical slice. The reconstruction is best in a thick shell around the decoupling epoch; the quality of the reconstruction depends on the redshift of the slice within this shell. With high quality maps of the temperature and polarization anisotropies it will be possible to obtain a reconstruction of potential fluctuation on scales between l=2 and l ~ 300 at the redshift of decoupling, with some information about the three-dimensional shapes of the perturbations in a shell of width 250Mpc.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures