cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Stochastic Self-Consistent Harmonic Approximation: Calculating Vibrational Properties of Materials with Full Quantum and Anharmonic Effects
Creators: name: Monacelli, Lorenzo
name: Bianco, Raffaello
name: Cherubini, Marco
name: Calandra, Matteo
name: Errea, Ion
name: Mauri, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The efficient and accurate calculation of how ionic quantum and thermal fluctuations impact the free energy of a crystal, its atomic structure, and phonon spectrum is one of the main challenges of solid state physics, especially when strong anharmonicy invalidates any perturbative approach. To tackle this problem, we present the implementation on a modular Python code of the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation method. This technique rigorously describes the full thermodyamics of crystals accounting for nuclear quantum and thermal anharmonic fluctuations. The approach requires the evaluation of the Born-Oppenheimer energy, as well as its derivatives with respect to ionic positions (forces) and cell parameters (stress tensor) in supercells, which can be provided, for instance, by first principles density-functional-theory codes. The method performs crystal geometry relaxation on the quantum free energy landscape, optimizing the free energy with respect to all degrees of freedom of the crystal structure. It can be used to determine the phase diagram of any crystal at finite temperature. It enables the calculation of phase boundaries for both first-order and second-order phase transitions from the Hessian of the free energy. Finally, the code can also compute the anharmonic phonon spectra, including the phonon linewidths, as well as phonon spectral functions. We review the theoretical framework of the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation and its dynamical extension, making particular emphasis on the physical interpretation of the variables present in the theory that can enlighten the comparison with any other anharmonic theory. A modular and flexible Python environment is used for the implementation, which allows for a clean interaction with other packages. We briefly present a toy-model calculation to illustrate the potential of the code.
Comment on "Distinction of Electron Dispersion in Time-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy"
Creators: name: Krasovskii, E. E.
name: Kuzian, R. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 043201 (2020)] (Ref.1) Liao et al. propose a theory of the interferometric photoemission delay based on the concepts of the photoelectron phase and photoelectron effective mass. The present comment discusses the applicability and limitations of the proposed approach based on an ab initio analysis supported by vast literature. Two central assumptions of the paper are questioned, namely that the photoelectron can be characterized by a phase (have a well-defined phase velocity), and that it can always be ascribed an effective mass Theories based on these concepts are concluded to be inapplicable to real solids, which is illustrated by the example of the system addressed in Ref. 1. That the basic assumptions of the theory are never fulfilled in nature discredits the underlying idea of the "time-domain interferometric solid-state energy-momentum-dispersion imaging method" suggested in Ref. 1. Apart from providing a necessary caution to experimentalists, the present comment also gives an insight into the photoelectron wave function and points out problems and pitfalls inherent in modeling real crystals.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. This is an extended version of the published paper. Critique of the Authors' Response is added. The list of References is correspondingly updated
c-Si Metallization Paste Rheology and Print Metrology Techniques for Achieving and Quantifying Improved High Aspect Ratio Finger Topography
Creators: name: Lathrop, R.
name: Smith, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1145-1149
description: For crystalline silicon applications, one method for increasing cell efficiency is to reduce shadowing by
printing narrower lines. To maintain low line resistance, a higher fired contact finger height is the general approach.
High aspect ratio, defined as the ratio of the line height to the line width, can be achieved by front contact paste
formulation, the imaging tool (screen/stencil) and printing parameters. However, simply measuring aspect ratio can
be misleading. The regularity or smoothness of the line geometry over the relatively long distance of the contact
fingers is of equal importance. Mesh marks and/or peaks and valleys can be a typical byproduct of high viscosity
paste. These conductor lines, while yielding high average aspect ratio, can effectively be a series of high and low
spots which act as resistors in extreme cases defeating the benefits of the reduced shadowing. Furthermore, the peaks
do not enhance the conductivity of the line, but only serve to increase silver usage. The best solution is to maximize
conductivity and simultaneously minimize material usage. This can be achieved by creating very smooth, very
narrow lines. These properties are typically controlled by the rheology of the paste. Paste suppliers provide viscosity
data measured at a single point using a specific technique. Front contact pastes are very viscous in order to print
narrow lines, however, this usually conflicts with the leveling properties necessary to achieve smooth lines. This
paper will look at the entire viscosity profile and demonstrate how the rheology can be engineered to produce tall,
narrow lines with improved topography.
The anti-reflective coating typical on today’s PV solar cells is optimized to minimize the reflectance of the incident
sun light. This leads to significant challenges for optical metrology systems that are based on the typical light sources,
i.e. halogen, xenon or red lasers, as the majority of the incident spectrum is absorbed. Any resulting signal reflected
back into the sensor is too weak to provide a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for metrology. This paper will cover the
3D measurement techniques required to quantify line aspect ratio smoothness using a wavelength optimized confocal
system tuned to the anti-reflective coatings typical of today’s crystalline silicon cells.
Investigation of Damp Heat Degradation Mechanisms and Correlation to an Accelerated Test Procedure (HAST)
Creators: name: Pingel, S.
name: Korth, H.
name: Winkler, M.
name: Weiss, P.
name: Geipel, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3137-3141
description: The Damp Heat (DH) test is an established qualification test in the PV industry. This paper presents
extended DH test results of competitor modules that in part do not pass the IEC DH 1000hr test. Furthermore a large
number of test samples with defined components were tested in DH. The results are analyzed and the most dominant
factors for DH power degradation are extracted. Besides module components and solar cell properties that were tested in
DH also the influence of the interconnection method with varied flux on the DH stability were investigated in a HAST
chamber (highly accelerated test procedure). The alternative method called HAST is more closely investigated since
Damp Heat is a time consuming test. The degradation for both methods is compared and it is shown that the failure
mechanism is similar in both cases. The prediction of the DH-susceptibility of solar cells in the fast HAST test is the
objective.
Chemistrees: data driven identification of reaction pathways via machine learning
Creators: name: Roet, Sander
name: Daub, Christopher David
name: Riccardi, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a supervised machine learning algorithm, decision trees, to analyze molecular dynamics output. The approach aims to identify the predominant geometric features which correlate with trajectories that transition between two arbitrarily defined states. The data-based algorithm aims to identify such features in an approach which is unbiased by human "chemical intuition". We demonstrate the method by analyzing proton exchange reactions in formic acid (FA) solvated in small water clusters. The simulations were performed with ab initio molecular dynamics combined with a method for generating rare events, specifically path sampling. Our machine learning analysis identified mechanistic descriptions of the proton transfer reaction for the different water clusters.
Low-frequency plasma conductivity in the average-atom approximation
Creators: name: Kuchiev, M. Yu.
name: Johnson, W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-frequency properties of a plasma are examined within the average-atom approximation, which presumes that scattering of a conducting electron on each atom takes place independently of other atoms. The relaxation time tau distinguishes a high-frequency region omega tau > 1, where the single-atom approximation is applicable explicitly, from extreme low frequencies omega tau < 1, where, naively, the single-atom approximation is invalid. A proposed generalization of the formalism, which takes into account many-atom collisions, is found to be accurate in all frequency regions, from omega =0 to omega tau >1, reproducing the Ziman formula in the static limit, results based on the Kubo-Greenwood formula for high frequencies, and satisfying the conductivity sum-rule precisely. The correspondence between physical processes leading to the conventional Ohm's law and the infrared properties of QED is discussed. The suggested average-atom approach to frequency-dependent conductivity is illustrated by numerical calculations for the an aluminum plasma in the temperature range 2--10 eV.
description: 9 pages 3 figures
INTRA-HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY STATUS AMONG ULTRA-POOR COMMUNITIES IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT
Creators: name: Bari, Masuma
name: Islam1, Mohammad Amirul
name: Md. Farouq Imam
name: Md. Fuad Hassan
name: Bari, Masuma
name: Islam1, Mohammad Amirul
name: Md. Farouq Imam
name: Md. Fuad Hassan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Intra-household
subject: food security
subject: ultra poor

description: Recent global agenda including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight the importance of addressing food security, especially among the ultra-poor communities at the intra-household level. Ensuring food security would continue to be a major challenge among South-Asian countries like Bangladesh. Although Bangladesh has achieved sufficiency in food production but food security is remaining a challenge in rural areas and some clusters in urban areas. This study was conducted to explore the household food security among the ultra-poor communities at Phulpur and Tarakanda upazilas of the Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. The sample size consisted of 150 households. The binary logistic regression model was used to determine the socio-economic factors influencing food security. The wife’s (primary female) education was found to be positively, while husband’s (household head) occupation was found to be negatively associated with the food security status of the selected households. Considering 1805 kcal, 56.7% of the sample households were food secure, and considering 2122 kcal, 42% were food secure. This study also revealed indicative disparities in food security within households. Policies should address these issues.
Spectral estimation on a sphere in geophysics and cosmology
Creators: name: Dahlen, F. A.
name: Simons, Frederik J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of estimating the spherical-harmonic power spectrum of a statistically isotropic scalar signal from noise-contaminated data on a region of the unit sphere. Three different methods of spectral estimation are considered: (i) the spherical analogue of the one-dimensional (1-D) periodogram, (ii) the maximum likelihood method, and (iii) a spherical analogue of the 1-D multitaper method. The periodogram exhibits strong spectral leakage, especially for small regions of area $A\ll 4π$, and is generally unsuitable for spherical spectral analysis applications, just as it is in 1-D. The maximum likelihood method is particularly useful in the case of nearly-whole-sphere coverage, $A\approx 4π$, and has been widely used in cosmology to estimate the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation from spacecraft observations. The spherical multitaper method affords easy control over the fundamental trade-off between spectral resolution and variance, and is easily implemented regardless of the region size, requiring neither non-linear iteration nor large-scale matrix inversion. As a result, the method is ideally suited for most applications in geophysics, geodesy or planetary science, where the objective is to obtain a spatially localized estimate of the spectrum of a signal from noisy data within a pre-selected and typically small region.
description: Submitted to the Geophysical Journal International
Second Prototype Non-Imaging Planar Concentrator for Concentrator Photovoltaic System
Creators: name: Chong, K.-K.
name: Tan, W.-C.
name: Wong, C.-W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 257-259
description: New configuration of solar concentrator, which is the non-imaging planar concentrator, capable of
producing much more uniform sunlight and reasonably high concentration ratio, is designed and constructed. This
design is envisioned to be incorporated into dense-array concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems. The work
presented here reports on the design, optical alignment and application of the prototype, which is installed in the
campus of Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kuala Lumpur. In the architecture of the prototype, 420 flat
mirrors with a dimension of 10.0 cm × 10.0 cm, are arranged into 21 rows and 21 columns except central row that is
blocked by the target holder to form a total reflective area of about 4.2 m². In addition to that, illumination
distribution for the prototype is simulated and its results are then compared with the experimental result. For active
cooling of the CPV receiver, off-the-shelf automotive radiator was chosen in the prototype for the purpose heat
rejection in order to maintain the temperature of CPV cells at around 50°C.
DETERMINANTS OF FOOD INSECURITY STATUS OF FISHERIES COMMUNITY IN COASTAL REGIONS OF BANGLADESH
Creators: name: Sabikun Nahar Himi
name: Islam1, Mohammad Amirul
name: Majumder, Shankar
name: Sabikun Nahar Himi
name: Islam1, Mohammad Amirul
name: Majumder, Shankar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food insecurity
subject: FIES
subject: SDG indicator 2.1.2
subject: coastal regions

description: Food insecurity is a notable state of the well-being of people. However, the common determinants of food insecurity have nevertheless to be formally known, especially for the coastal region. This study aims to investigate the demographic and socio-economic determinants of food insecurity of the fishermen communities in the coastal areas, namely Galachipa, Kalapara and Dumki upazilas in Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. A two-stage cluster sampling technique has been used for getting the primary data (n=200). The food insecurity status was measured by using Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) suggested under the indicator of 2.1.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Logistic regression model has been used to identify the determinants of food insecurity status. Results reveal that families having larger number of members are more likely to be food insecure than the families with small numbers of members. Also, households having monthly income level below BDT 5000 are more food insecure than their counterparts. Another important determinant by which food insecurity is significantly affected is the education of household head. A range of viable policy interventions for the fishermen communities have been recommended. These include i) diversification of income generating opportunities, ii) improving education status of the community to enable to shift to safer employment when necessary, iii) building awareness on adverse effects of bigger family size through family planning campaign, and iv) providing skilled based training and necessary credit access among the unemployed members of the household.
Recovery Methods for Modules Affected by Potential Induced Degradation (PID)
Creators: name: Pingel, S.
name: Janke, S.
name: Frank, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3379-3383
description: PID of standard PV cells has been in the discussion in the last few years. The symptoms of PID have
been investigated and some ideas for the mechanism behind were published. This paper focuses on the recovery of
PID affected modules both in the field and in the lab. Recovery data of two small systems that were setup in Berlin
with PID field returns is presented. Two methods, proper grounding on one hand and applying a regeneration
potential in the night on the other hand, are compared. In the laboratory four methods are investigated: storage at
room temperature, applying a defined (reversed) potential, treatment with temperature and bias voltage. PID is
shortly introduced in case of bifacial cells. This type of cells may be affected by both negative and positive potential
since typically both sides are dielectrically passivated.
Single Spin Asymmetry in J/ψ Production from p+p, p+ Al, and p+ Au Collisions with Transversely Polarized Proton Beams at √sNN= 200 GeV
Creators: name: Xu, Chen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: phenix
spin
asymmetry
transverse momentum
correlations
J/ψ
p+ Al
p+p
p+au

description: This thesis reports the transverse single-spin asymmetries in J/ψproduction at forward and backward rapidity, 1.2<|y|<2.2, as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum (pT) and Feynman-x(xF). At collision energy, √sNN= 200 GeV ,single-spin asymmetries for heavy-flavor particle production in p+p collisions provide access to the spin-dependent gluon distribution and higher-twist correlation functions inside the nucleon.
The reciprocity law for the twisted second moment of Dirichlet L-functions
Creators: name: Young, Matthew P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 11N69

description: We produce a new proof of the reciprocity law for the twisted second moment of Dirichlet L-functions that was recently proved by Conrey. Our method is to analyze certain two-variable sums where the variables satisfy a linear congruence. We show that these sums satisfy an elegant reciprocity formula. In the case that the modulus is prime, these sums are closely related to the twisted second moment, and the reciprocity formula for these sums implies Conrey's reciprocity formula. We also extend the range of uniformity of Conrey's formula.
description: 12 pages
title: Cambodian Migrant Workers’ Satisfaction Levels with Remittance Services in Thailand
Creators: name: Wandath Seng
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific International University
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: Cambodian migrant workers
satisfaction
remittance services
Thailand

description: ASEAN Journal of Management & Innovation, 12, 1, 65 - 76
Electrical Characterization of Dense-Array Concentrator Photovoltaic System
Creators: name: Chong, K.-K.
name: Siaw, F.-L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 224-227
description: In this paper, we explores various arrangement of solar cells in dense-array configuration for
optimizing the electrical performance of Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) system. Three different configurations of
dense-array layouts are proposed to be analyzed in our study using numerical simulation method aided by Simulink
and taking into account of module bypass diodes. The simulated results of different dense-array configurations in
terms of current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) curves are presented and discussed based on the irradiance
profile of the non-imging planar concentrator. The mismatch effects due to non-uniform irradiance for the solar cells
located at the peripheral of the receiver module are illustrated and discussed. When an I-V curve contains many
mismatch steps, the maximum power output is greatly affected and then leads to a lower fill factor (FF) value. Power
loss can be minimized to enhance the overall performance and hence to obtain the best design with more costeffective
solution via better understanding of the importance in proper arrangement of CPV cells with reference to the
irradiance profile of the concentrator, which is to avoid low concentration and non-uniform solar concentration area
at the receiver target.
Magnetic Landscape of Sun's Polar Region
Creators: name: Tsuneta, S.
name: Ichimoto, K.
name: Katsukawa, Y.
name: Lites, B. W.
name: Matsuzaki, K.
name: Nagata, S.
name: Suarez, D. Orozco
name: Shimizu, T.
name: Shimojo, M.
name: Shine, R. A.
name: Suematsu, Y.
name: Suzuki, T. K.
name: Tarbell, T. D.
name: Title, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the magnetic landscape of the polar region of the Sun that is unprecedented in terms of high spatial resolution, large field of view, and polarimetric precision. These observations were carried out with the Solar Optical Telescope aboard \emph{Hinode}. Using a Milne-Eddington inversion, we found many vertically-oriented magnetic flux tubes with field strength as strong as 1 kG that are scattered in latitude between 70-90 degree. They all have the same polarity, consistent with the global polarity of the polar region. The field vectors were observed to diverge from the center of the flux elements, consistent with a view of magnetic fields that expand and fan out with height. The polar region is also covered with ubiquitous horizontal fields. The polar regions are the source of the fast solar wind channelled along unipolar coronal magnetic fields whose photospheric source is evidently rooted in the strong field, vertical patches of flux. We conjecture that vertical flux tubes with large expansion around the photosphere-corona boundary serve as efficient chimneys for Alfven waves that accelerate the solar wind.
description: Astrophysical Journal in press V1 and V2 are the same
Effective Finger Shading Width of Screen-Printed Silicon Wafer Solar Cells in a PV Module
Creators: name: Khoo, Y.S.
name: Lu, F.
name: Walsh, T.M.
name: Aberle, A.G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3442-3444
description: The design of a solar cell front metal grid is a compromise between shading losses and resistive losses. More or wider fingers will result in greater shading loss, and fewer or narrower fingers will result in greater resistive loss. The optimum number of fingers for a given finger width is determined by the minimum of the sum of these two loss mechanisms. Conventional optimisation usually assumes that all the light which strikes the fingers of the solar cell is lost, either reflected or absorbed by the finger. However, for a cell which is encapsulated with EVA behind glass, some portion of the light which is reflected from the fingers will be totally internally reflected at the glass/air
interface and might subsequently impinge on the active area of the solar cell and be absorbed in the cell, generating
photocurrent. Since extra light is reaching the active area of the solar cell, the fingers can be thought as being optically narrower than their true geometric width. A method has been devised to quantify this finger narrowing effect. It involves measuring the short-circuit current of a single-cell PV module with and without a mask which covers only the fingers. It is shown that for commercial screen-printed silicon wafer cells, the finger effective width after encapsulation is only about 50 % of its geometrical width. The results obtained are in good agreement with previous studies that obtained the effective width using different methods. With this finding, optimisation of the front
metal grid can be performed for an encapsulated cell.
New perspective on chiral exceptional points with application to discrete photonics
Creators: name: Hashemi, A.
name: Rezaei, S. M.
name: Ozdemir, S. K.
name: El-Ganainy, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral exceptional points (CEPs) have been shown to emerge in traveling wave resonators via asymmetric back scattering from two or more nano-scatterers. Here, we provide a new perspective on the formation of CEPs based on the coupled oscillator model. Our approach provides an intuitive understanding for the modal coalescence that signals the emergence of CEPs, and emphasizes the role played by dissipation throughout this process. In doing so, our model also unveils an otherwise unexplored connection between CEPs and other types of exceptional points associated with parity-time symmetric photonic arrangements. In addition, our model also explains qualitative results observed in recent experimental work involving CEPs. Importantly, the tight-binding nature of our approach allows us to extend the notion of CEP to discrete photonics setups that consist coupled resonator and waveguide arrays, thus opening new avenues for exploring the exotic features of CEPs in conjunction with other interesting physical effects such as nonlinearities and topological protections.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Quantifying Chaos in Models of the Solar Neighbourhood
Creators: name: Chakrabarty, Dalia
name: Sideris, Ioannis V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: {} {To quantify the amount of chaos that exists in the local phase space.} {A sample of orbits from four different models of the Solar neighbourhood phase space are analysed by a new chaos identification (and quantification) technique. While three of the used models bear the signature of the perturbation due to both the Galactic bar and the spiral pattern, the last of the models is a bar only one. We explore the models by inter-comparing the corresponding values of chaos strength that is induced at the various energy levels .}{(1) We find that of all the viable models that have been demonstrated to successfully reproduce the local phase space structure, i.e. those that include the bar as well as the spiral, bear strong chaoticity, though the model that implies the highest degree of chaos is the one in which overlap of the major resonances of the bar and the spiral occurs. The bar only model is found to display regularity. (2) We advance chaos to be primarily responsible for the splitting of the Hyades-Pleiades mode (the larger mode) of the local velocity distribution}{}
description: 6 pages; 4 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
On the origin of radio core emission in radio-quiet quasars
Creators: name: Blundell, Katherine
name: Kuncic, Zdenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for the radio emission from radio-quiet quasar nuclei. We show that a thermal origin for the high brightness temperature, flat spectrum point sources (known as radio ``cores'') is possible provided the emitting region is hot and optically-thin. We hence demonstrate that optically-thin bremsstrahlung from a slow, dense disk wind can make a significant contribution to the observed levels of radio core emission. This is a much more satisfactory explanation, particularly for sources where there is no evidence of a jet, than a sequence of self-absorbed synchrotron components which collectively conspire to give a flat spectrum. Furthermore, such core phenomena are already observed directly via milli-arcsecond radio imaging of the Galactic microquasar SS433 and the active galaxy NGC1068. We contend that radio-emitting disk winds must be operating at some level in radio-loud quasars and radio galaxies as well (although in these cases, observations of the radio cores are frequently contaminated/dominated by synchrotron emission from jet knots). This interpretation of radio core emission mandates mass accretion rates that are substantially higher than Eddington. Moreover, acknowledgment of this mass-loss mechanism as an AGN feedback process has important implications for the input of energy and hot gas into the inter-galactic medium (IGM) since it is considerably less directional than that from jets.
description: to appear in ApJ Letters (4 pages)
Hubbard Model with Inter-Site Kinetic Correlations
Creators: name: Gorski, Grzegorz
name: Mizia, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduced the inter-site electron-electron correlation to the Hubbard III approximation. This correlation was excluded in the Hubbard III approximation and also in the equivalent coherent potential approximation. Including it brings two spin dependent effects: the bandwidth correction and the bandshift correction, which both stimulate the ferromagnetic ground state. The bandshift correction factor causes an exchange splitting between the spin-up and spin-down spectrum, and its role is similar to the exchange interaction in the classic Stoner model. The spin dependent bandwidth correction lowers the kinetic energy of electrons by decreasing the majority spin bandwidth for some electron occupations with respect to the minority spin bandwidth. In certain conditions it can lead to ferromagnetic alignment. A gain in the kinetic energy achieved in this way is the opposite extreme to the effect of a gain in potential energy due to exchange splitting. The bandshift factor is a dominant force behind the ferromagnetism. The influence of the bandwidth factor is too weak to create ferromagnetism and the only result is the correction to the classic coherent potential approximation in favor of ferromagnetism.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures
YOUNG CONSUMERS' ECO-FRIENDLY FOOD PURCHASING CONSCIOUSNESS-BEHAVIOR GAP IN BANGLADESH
Creators: name: Fahmida, Afia
name: Md. Salauddin Palash
name: G. M. Monirul Alam
name: Md. Ruhul Amin
name: Fahmida, Afia
name: Md. Salauddin Palash
name: G. M. Monirul Alam
name: Md. Ruhul Amin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Consciousness-Behavior Gap
subject: Environmental consciousness
subject: Purchase intention
subject: Eco-friendly
subject: Young consumer

description: The demand for eco-friendly food is increasing globally, including Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the environmental consciousness and knowledge-behavior gap of young consumers regarding eco-friendly food purchasing intentions in Bangladesh. Survey data were collected from 200 young university students employing purposive random sampling methods in 2019. The results reveal that most young consumers have strong environmental consciousness and intention to purchase green products. While purchasing, they usually prefer eco-labeled and environment-friendly products. The factors fueling the respondents' environment consciousness-behavior gap include unavailability of eco-friendly products, the high price of available eco-friendly products, and minimum eco-friendly product alternatives to conventional products. Making eco-friendly products available for all and alternatives to regular food commodities will favorably foster the purchasing intention of eco-friendly food in Bangladesh.
Testing the Anomaly Mediation at the LHC
Creators: name: Asai, Shoji
name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Nishihara, Kazuyuki
name: Yanagida, T. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a supersymmetric model in which gaugino masses are generated by the anomaly-mediation mechanism while scalar masses are from tree-level supergravity interaction. In such a model, scalar fermions as well as Higgsinos become as heavy as O(10-100TeV) and hence only the gauginos are superparticles kinematically accessible to the LHC. We study how and how well the properties of gauginos can be studied. We also discuss the strategy to test the anomaly-mediation model at the LHC.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Fluctuations and symmetry in the speed and direction of the jets of SS433 on different timescales
Creators: name: Blundell, Katherine
name: Bowler, Michael
name: Schmidtobreick, Linda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ABRIDGED We present new results on the variations in speed and direction of the jet bolides in the Galactic microquasar SS433, from high resolution spectra, taken with the ESO 3.6-m New Technology Telescope almost nightly over 0.4 of a precession cycle. We find: (i) These data exhibit multiple ejections within most 24-hour periods and, throughout the duration of the observing campaign, the weighted means of the individual bolides, in both the red jet and the blue jet, clearly exhibit the pronounced nodding known in this system. (ii) We present further evidence for a 13-day periodicity in the jet speed, and show this cannot be dominated by Doppler shifts from orbital motion. (iii) We show the phase of this peak jet speed has shifted by a quarter of a cycle in the last quarter-century. (iv) We show that the two jets ejected by SS433 are highly symmetric on timescales measured thus far. (v) We demonstrate that the anti-correlation between variations in direction and in speed is not an artifact of an assumption of symmetry. (vi) We show that a recently proposed mechanism (Begelman et al 2006) for varying the ejection speed and anti-correlating it with polar angle variations is ruled out. (vii) The speed of expansion of the plasma bolides in the jets is approximately 0.0024c. These novel data carry a clear signature of speed variations. They have a simple and natural interpretation in terms of both angular and speed fluctuations which are identical on average in the two jets. They complement archival optical data and recent radio imaging.
description: to appear in A&A (8 pages)
ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF BORO RICE PRODUCTION IN HAOR ECOSYSTEM OF KISHOREGANJ DISTRICT
Creators: name: Md. Kamruzzaman
name: Md. Taj Uddin
name: Md. Kamruzzaman
name: Md. Taj Uddin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Haor,
subject: varietal diversity
subject: profitability
subject: productivity
subject: stress

description: The study was carried out to evaluate the economic viability of Boro rice production in haor ecosystem of Kishoreganj district. A total of 175 rice farmers were selected from Mithamoin upazila on the basis of farm size category following random sampling technique. Data were analyzed with a combination of descriptive statistics, mathematical and statistical techniques. It was found from descriptive statistics that average farm size of the farmers was 0.54 ha, where majority of the farmers were small category. Varietal diversity index (VDI) pointed out that most of the farmers had low Boro rice varietal diversity in the study area. The study revealed that Boro rice production was profitable and productivity index was very high. Estimates of transcendental production model indicated that power tiller and insecticides cost had significant impact on profitability of Boro rice production. It was exposed from the Mann-Whitney U test that biotic stress caused lower yield of production. Considering severity ranking model (SRM), the severity of damage was extreme for disease infestation. Following garrett’s ranking technique (GRT), lower price of output, early flash flood inundation and lack of short-duration and high-yielding variety were found the major constraints faced by the farmers. The study recommended that short-duration, high-yielding and pest tolerant Boro rice varieties should be developed for the farmers. Therefore, proper extension services by the government are necessary to encourage farmers for adopting such technological improvements in order to produce Boro rice economically more viable.
Experimental Setup to Measure the Optical Scattering Properties of Solar Cell Back Reflectors
Creators: name: Kampwerth, H.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 436-438
description: The optimization work of high-efficient solar cells includes light-trapping schemes for the weakly
absorbed near-infrared (NIR) photons. The light scattering properties of the back-reflector are here of particular
interest. Novel back reflector designs that employ plasmonic and multi-stack interference effects require especially an
experimental verification of the numerical simulations. Unfortunately, a good measurement of these scatter properties
is nontrivial due to the refractive index of silicon and its resulting angle of total reflection. On planar wafers, light can
therefore only be coupled in and out of silicon in a quite narrow angle, impossible to measure wider angles. Therefore
we present an experimental setup to measure the angular resolved scatter properties of back-reflectors for IR photons.
Therefore we present an experimental setup to measure the angular resolved scatter properties of back-reflectors for
IR photons. It allows the free and independent selection of the illumination and detection angle at the back-reflector
inside silicon, as well as its polarization effects.
High-accuracy numerical simulation of black-hole binaries: Computation of the gravitational-wave energy flux and comparisons with post-Newtonian approximants
Creators: name: Boyle, Michael
name: Buonanno, Alessandra
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Mroué, Abdul H.
name: Pan, Yi
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
name: Scheel, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Expressions for the gravitational wave (GW) energy flux and center-of-mass energy of a compact binary are integral building blocks of post-Newtonian (PN) waveforms. In this paper, we compute the GW energy flux and GW frequency derivative from a highly accurate numerical simulation of an equal-mass, non-spinning black hole binary. We also estimate the (derivative of the) center-of-mass energy from the simulation by assuming energy balance. We compare these quantities with the predictions of various PN approximants (adiabatic Taylor and Pade models; non-adiabatic effective-one-body (EOB) models). We find that Pade summation of the energy flux does not accelerate the convergence of the flux series; nevertheless, the Pade flux is markedly closer to the numerical result for the whole range of the simulation (about 30 GW cycles). Taylor and Pade models overestimate the increase in flux and frequency derivative close to merger, whereas EOB models reproduce more faithfully the shape of and are closer to the numerical flux, frequency derivative and derivative of energy. We also compare the GW phase of the numerical simulation with Pade and EOB models. Matching numerical and untuned 3.5 PN order waveforms, we find that the phase difference accumulated until $M ω= 0.1$ is -0.12 radians for Pade approximants, and 0.50 (0.45) radians for an EOB approximant with Keplerian (non-Keplerian) flux. We fit free parameters within the EOB models to minimize the phase difference, and confirm degeneracies among these parameters. By tuning pseudo 4PN order coefficients in the radial potential or in the flux, or, if present, the location of the pole in the flux, we find that the accumulated phase difference can be reduced - if desired - to much less than the estimated numerical phase error (0.02 radians).
description: modified non-Keplerian flux improves agreement with NR; updated error bound of NR-PN comparison; added refs
DETERMINANTS OF CHILDREN’S NUTRITIONAL STATUS ACROSS AGRICULTURAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL BANGLADESH
Creators: name: Mahbub Hossain
name: Mahbub Hossain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Nutritional status
subject: rural children
subject: agricultural households
subject: Bangladesh

description: While child health reflects a country’s state of well-being; Bangladesh struggles to make a comprehensive success in reducing its widespread child under-nutrition. The key interest of this paper is to understand what determines the nutritional status of rural children in Bangladesh and how these determinants compare between agricultural and non-agricultural households. Based on a sample of 1,444 children drawn from rural Bangladesh, this study estimates the extent to which measures of child under-nutrition (underweight and stunting) are associated with child, parent, household, and community level variables. The estimates of Logit regressions suggest that variables such as birth weight, parents’ health, mother’s education, and prevalence of health care facilities at village significantly reduces the probability of underweight and stunting. This paper also finds that agricultural and non-agricultural households differ in respect of what determines the children’s nutrition in these households. The policy implication of this study is that government initiatives aiming at reducing child under-nutrition in rural Bangladesh should recognise that any generic measures may not bring about the optimal result given the diversity of rural households. Thus, this paper may be useful in designing better interventions for improving health and nutrition of the rural children of Bangladesh as well as similar Southeast Asian countries.
The search for Population III stars
Creators: name: Alighieri, Sperello di Serego
name: Kurk, Jaron
name: Ciardi, Benedetta
name: Cimatti, Andrea
name: Daddi, Emanuele
name: Ferrara, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population III stars, the first generation of stars formed from primordial Big Bang material with a top-heavy IMF, should contribute substantially to the Universe reionization and they are crucial for understanding the early metal enrichment of galaxies. Therefore it is very important that these objects, foreseen by theories, are detected by observations. However PopIII stars, searched through the HeII 1640A line signature, have remained elusive. We report about the search for the HeII line in a galaxy at z=6.5, which is a very promising candidate. Unfortunately we are not yet able to show the results of this search. However we call attention to the possible detection of PopIII stars in a lensed HII dwarf galaxy at z=3.4, which appeared in the literature some years ago, but has been overlooked.
description: Contribution for the Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 255 on "Low-Metallicity Star Formation: From the First Stars to Dwarf Galaxies"
Generation and Effects of Electromotive Force in Turbulent Stochastic Reconnection
Creators: name: Nowak, Natalia
name: Kowal, Grzegorz
name: Falceta-Gonçalves, Diego A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reconnection is an important process that rules dissipation and diffusion of magnetic energy in plasmas. It is already clear that its rate is enhanced by turbulence, and that reconnection itself may increase its stochasticity, but the main mechanism that connects these two effects is still not completely understood. The aim of this work is to identify, from the terms of the electromotive force, the dominant physical process responsible for enhancing the reconnection rate in turbulent plasmas. We employ full three-dimensional numerical simulations of turbulence driven by stochastic reconnection and estimate the production and dissipation of turbulent energy and cross-helicity, the amount of produced residual helicity, and determine the relation between these quantities and the reconnection rate. We observe the development of the electromotive force in the studied models with plasma-$β= 0.1 - 2$ and the Lundquist number $S=10^{-5}-10^{-4}$. The turbulent energy and residual helicity develop in the large-scale current sheet, with the latter decreasing the effects of turbulent magnetic diffusion. We demonstrate that the stochastic reconnection, apart from the turbulence, can produce a significant amount of cross-helicity as well. The cross-helicity to turbulent energy ratio, however, has no correlation with the reconnection rate. We show that its sufficiently large value is not a necessary condition for fast reconnection to occur. The results suggest that cross-helicity is inherent to turbulent fields, but the reconnection rate enhancement is possibly caused by the effects of magnetic turbulent diffusion and controlled by the residual helicity.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Infall caustics in dark matter halos?
Creators: name: Diemand, J.
name: Kuhlen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that most particle and subhalo orbits in simulated cosmological cold dark matter halos are surprisingly regular and periodic: The phase space structure of the outer halo regions shares some of the properties of the classical self-similar secondary infall model. Some of the outer branches are clearly visible in the radial velocity - radius plane at certain epochs. However, they are severely broadened in realistic, triaxial halos with non-radial, clumpy, mass accretion. This prevents the formation of high density caustics: Even in the best cases there are only broad, very small (<10 percent) enhancements in the spherical density profile. Larger fluctuations in rho(r) caused by massive satellites are common. Infall caustics are therefore too weak to affect lensing or dark matter annihilation experiments. Their detection is extremely challenging, as it requires a large number of accurate tracer positions and radial velocities in the outer halo. The stellar halo of the Milky Way is probably the only target where this could become feasible in the future.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, ApJL accepted. MPEG animations of Figures 1 and 2 are available at http://www.ucolick.org/~diemand/vl/movies.html#infall