Pseudocapulinia lanosa Hempel
Creators: name: Hodgson, Chris
name: Miller, Dug
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Eriococcidae
Pseudocapulinia
Pseudocapulinia lanosa

description: Pseudocapulinia lanosa Hempel   
 Pseudocapulinia lanosa Hempel 1932: 319–320.   
 Material examined: BRAZIL: São Paulo, Itarari, on forest tree, Aug. 20th 1928, A. Hempel (USNM): 3/ 3adff (in good condition) + 1/6 first-instar nymphs (in good condition) + 1/1 second-instar nymph (in good condition). After his retirement, Adolfo Hempel sent “cotype” specimens of 34 Brazilian scale species to Harold Morrison on March 4, 1940. Part of this series included the specimens mentioned above. We have not selected a lectotype from the series because we believe the primary type should be deposited in a Brazilian collection.   
 Adult female (Fig. 35)   
 Unmounted material. Body of adult female covered in soft white wax which indicates position of insects in crevices in bark of trunk of host.   
 Mounted material. Length 1.19 mm, width 0.93 mm. Body approximately egg shaped, widest across thorax, more pointed posteriorly.   
 Dorsum. Membranous throughout; segmentation rather obscure, most obvious on abdomen; derm surface of posterior abdominal segments thrown into shallow ridges. Dorsal setae few, all rather short, varying in length from about 2.5 µm long medially to about 8 µm long nearer margins. Macrotubular ducts small, each long and narrow (about 15–18 µm long, and 1.5–2.0 µm wide); most abundant near margins but also with a few more medially, especially on more posterior abdominal segments. Microtubular ducts minute, each about 1.0–1.5 µm long; frequent throughout except absent on posterior abdominal segments. Loculate pores absent (a single pore noted on abdominal segment III). Eyespots apparently absent. Anal lobe membranous and short, about 30 µm long, 33 µm wide at base; with a long apical seta (probably at least 150 µm long but broken); apparently with only 1 other seta, about 12 µm long, on ventral surface. With a single pair of spinose setae along ventral outer margin posterior to anus, each about 10 µm long.   
 Margin. Undefined but probably marked by a line of slightly larger and more spinose setae, each about 8–10 µm long.   
 Venter. Membranous. Ventral setae very sparse and short, as on dorsum; with perhaps 3 pairs of short setae between antennae, 3 pairs of short setae approximately in position of procoxae and single setae in position of meso- and metacoxae. Macrotubular ducts similar in structure to those on dorsum and rather similarly distributed but perhaps with a slight concentration medially on prothorax. Ventral microtubular ducts similar to those on dorsum; sparse throughout. Loculate pores each about 3.0–3.5 µm wide, with mainly 5 loculi; present in groups of about 14–20 in a cavity laterad to each spiracular peritreme; also sparse in submarginal areas of each thoracic segment. Cruciform pores absent. Anus ventral, some specimens without an anal ring but with a sclerotised bar anteriorly, other specimens with complete ring around opening; also with a lightly sclerotised tongue-like structure internally; width of anal opening 11 µm. Anus with 3 pairs of short setae posteriorly, each 6–7 µm long, without anal ring pores.   
Antenna reduced, 5 or 6 segmented although basal 2 segments sometimes appear fused; each antenna about 68–74 µm long; apparently without setae on segments I– III, segment IV with 1 strong seta; V with 1 fleshy seta and VI probably with 3 fleshy setae and about 3 other setae, none long. Clypeolabral shield proportionately quite large, about 215 µm long; labium probably 2 segmented, with 1 pair of setae on proximal segment and 4 pairs on distal segment, longest about 13 µm. Spiracles: width of peritremes about 25 µm. Legs entirely absent. Vulva present in a distinct fold between abdominal segments VII and VIII, with 4 pairs of setae along anterior margins.  
 Comment. For a comparison of the adult female of this genus with other South American eriococcids see the “Comment” section of the “Generic diagnosis” of Pseudocapulinia.   
 First-instar nymph (sex not determined) (Fig. 36)   
 Unmounted material. Not recorded.   
 Mounted material. Body oval. Length 305–400 µm, width 140–200 µm.   
 Dorsum. Derm membranous, with dermal spinules most obvious on posterior abdominal segments. Dorsal setae strongly spinose, tending to swell towards base, with a narrow basal socket; in 3 pairs of longitudinal lines, although those on head and prothorax more randomly placed; setae in median and submedian lines each 2.5–3.5 µm long, those in submarginal lines 3.5–5 µm long; those on abdominal segment VII distinctly larger, each 5–8 µm tall. Microtubular ducts minute, less than 1 µm long; with a pair on each thoracic segment, and on abdominal segments V and VI. Macrotubular ducts and loculate pores absent. Anal lobes absent.   
 Margin. Marginal setae strongly spinose, similar in shape to those on dorsum but distinctly larger, particularly on posterior abdominal segments, where each 9–10 µm long; those on head 3–4.5 µm long; with 2 anteriorly on head, 4 on each side between eyes and point opposite anterior spiracles, 3 on each side laterally between anterior spiracles and abdomen and with 1 on each side of abdominal segments I–VII. Posterior margin of abdomen with 2 pairs of spinose setae appearing to be on dorsal surface, medial pair each 5–6 µm long, lateral pair 8–12 µm long, plus an apparently ventral pair posterior to anus, each 5–6 µm long. Also with 2 pairs of long setose setae posteriorly, 1 pair very long, each 100–125 µm long, other shorter, each 40–45 µm long. Eyespots fairly small, each 9–12 µm wide, situated on margin posterior to base of antennae.   
 Venter. Derm membranous, with dermal spinules particularly obvious on posterior abdominal segments but smaller than those on dorsum. Loculate pores with mainly 5 loculi: with 2 or 3 within each cavity associated with each spiracular opening; also with 1 pore near margin just posterior to each posterior spiracle. Microtubular ducts minute, apparently similar to those on dorsum, with pairs submarginally on abdominal segments VI and VII, submarginally just posterior to each anterior spiracle and also laterad to clypeolabral shield. With 3 pairs of long setae between antennae (longest 23–28 µm long); a minute seta present posterior to each procoxa; longer setae laterad to each meso- and metacoxa; plus pairs medially on abdominal segments II–VII (each 8–12 µm long) plus pairs of submedial setae on abdominal segments IV–VII. Submarginal setae hairlike and minute, with a pair on each abdominal segment; apparently absent more anteriorly. Anus almost round, apparently placed ventrally, with a distinct sclerotised anal ring without setae or pores; anus about 5–6 µm wide, with, on each side, a small spinose seta 5–6 µm long, plus a setose seta 6–8 µm long.   
Antennae 6 segmented, 63–76 µm long; segments II–V rather ring-like, about as wide as long; setal distribution: scape 4; pedicel 2 + campaniform sensillum; segment III 3; IV 1 setose seta (hs) + 1 small fleshy seta (fs); V 4 or 5 hs + 1 large fs; VI 2 fs, about 7 shortish hs plus 2 long setae, length of longest about 35–40 µm. Clypeolabral shield about 70–85 µm long; labium probably 2 segmented, division indicated by inconspicuous fold with perhaps 4 or 5 pairs of short setae + 1 pair of rather long setae on apex, each 11–13 µm long, without setae on basal segment. Spiracles small, each cavity about 10–12 µm wide, sclerotised opening about 6.5–7.5 µm wide. Legs well developed; lengths (metathoracic leg (µm)): coxa 18–20 wide; trochanter + femur 35–42; tibia 18–22; tarsus 13–16; claw 9–10; tibia clearly longer than tarsus; setae: coxae 4, trochanter 2, femur 2, tibia 4, tarsus 2 or 3; long trochanter seta 26–30 µm long; tarsal campaniform sensillum present; tarsal digitules on all 3 pairs of legs capitate and equal in size; claw digitules alike with minute capitate apices. Claw narrowing abruptly at proximal end and then margins almost parallel; with a distinct denticle.  
 Comment. The first-instar nymphs of P. lanosa are rather typical eriococcid crawlers, having: (i) 6 segmented antennae; (ii) anal lobes unsclerotised and not differentiated; (iii) dorsal setae of 1 type only, broadly spinose; (iv) microtubular ducts present on both dorsum and venter; (v) cruciform pores absent; and (vi) loculate pores more or less restricted to cavity laterad to each spiracle (plus 1 near margin near each posterior spiracle). They differ from those of other species in having the following combination of characters: (i) antennae 6 segmented; (ii) loculate pores absent from dorsum; (iii) spinose setae not cupolate; (iv) submedial row of loculate pores absent; (v) hind tibia with 3 or 4 setae; (vi) dorsal spinose setae shorter than segmental width; and (vii) discoidal pores absent from dorsum.
description: Published as part of Hodgson, Chris & Miller, Dug, 2010, A Review of the Eriococcid Genera (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of South America 2459, pp. 1-101 in Zootaxa 2459 (1) on pages 72-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2459.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5313324