cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hydrological Cycle in the Danube basin in present-day and XXII century simulations by IPCCAR4 global climate models
Creators: name: Lucarini, Valerio
name: Danihlik, Robert
name: Kriegerova, Ida
name: Speranza, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an intercomparison and verification analysis of 20 GCMs included in the 4th IPCC assessment report regarding their representation of the hydrological cycle on the Danube river basin for 1961-2000 and for the 2161-2200 SRESA1B scenario runs. The basin-scale properties of the hydrological cycle are computed by spatially integrating the precipitation, evaporation, and runoff fields using the Voronoi-Thiessen tessellation formalism. The span of the model simulated mean annual water balances is of the same order of magnitude of the observed Danube discharge of the Delta; the true value is within the range simulated by the models. Some land components seem to have deficiencies since there are cases of violation of water conservation when annual means are considered. The overall performance and the degree of agreement of the GCMs are comparable to those of the RCMs analyzed in a previous work, in spite of the much higher resolution and common nesting of the RCMs. The reanalyses are shown to feature several inconsistencies and cannot be used as a verification benchmark for the hydrological cycle in the Danubian region. In the scenario runs, for basically all models the water balance decreases, whereas its interannual variability increases. Changes in the strength of the hydrological cycle are not consistent among models: it is confirmed that capturing the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle is not an easy task over land areas. Moreover, in several cases we find that qualitatively different behaviours emerge among the models: the ensemble mean does not represent any sort of average model, and often it falls between the models' clusters.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
From Ergodicity to Many-Body Localization in a One-Dimensional Interacting Non-Hermitian Stark System
Creators: name: Liu, Jinghu
name: Xu, Zhihao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies on disorder-induced many-body localization (MBL) in non-Hermitian quantum systems have attracted great interest. However, the non-Hermitian disorder-free MBL still needs to be clarified. We consider a one-dimensional interacting Stark model with nonreciprocal hoppings having time-reversal symmetry, the properties of which are boundary dependent. Under periodic boundary conditions (PBCs), such a model exhibits three types of phase transitions: the real-complex transition of eigenenergies, the topological phase transition, and the non-Hermitian Stark MBL transition. The real-complex and topological phase transitions occur at the same point in the thermodynamic limit but do not coincide with the non-Hermitian Stark MBL transition, which is quite different from the non-Hermitian disordered cases. By the level statistics, the system transitions from the Ginibre ensemble (GE) to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) to the Possion ensemble with the increase of the linear tilt potential's strength. The real-complex transition of the eigenvalues is accompanied by the GE-to-GOE transition in the ergodic regime. Moreover, the second transition of the level statistics corresponds to the occurrence of non-Hermitian Stark MBL. We demonstrate that the non-Hermitian Stark MBL is robust and shares many similarities with disorder-induced MBL, which several existing characteristic quantities of the spectral statistics and eigenstate properties can confirm. The dynamical evolutions of the entanglement entropy and the density imbalance can distinguish the real-complex and Stark MBL transitions. Finally, we find that our system under open boundary conditions lacks a real-complex transition, and the transition of non-Hermitian Stark MBL is the same as that under PBCs.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
title: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 49 Nr. 2 (2020)
title: Nachrichtenblatt der Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Organ der Staatlichen Ämter für Denkmalpflege
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Denkmalpflege In Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt Der Landesdenkmalpflege
Publisher: name: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Inhalt Editorial...73 Blick in die Geschichte...74-80 Steinernes Gedächtnis...81-86 Die badischen Rheinbrücken – das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs vor 75 Jahren...87-94 Die historische Kulturlandschaft – ein wertvolles Erbe...95-101 Die Töpfe der Räderbauer...102-107 „Unterkühlt und gekonnt“...108-114 Ein Kulturdenkmal am Puls der Zeit...115-120 Die Staatliche Materialprüfanstalt in Stuttgart...121-125 Der Genius des Ruhms...126-127 Appellflur und Führerzimmer...128-129 Eszter Banffy / Kerstin P. Hoffmann / Philipp von Rummel (Hg.): Spuren des Menschen – 800000 Jahre Geschichte in Europa...130-131 Mitteilungen...131-133 Neuerscheinungen...133-134 Personalia...134-135 Nachruf Otto Teschauer...136 Die Landesdenkmalpflege
Quasi-Particle Tunneling in Anti-Pfaffian Quantum Hall State
Creators: name: Ito, Toru
name: Nomura, Kentaro
name: Shibata, Naokazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study tunneling phenomena at the edge of the anti-Pfaffian quantum Hall state at the filling factor $ν=5/2$. The edge current in a single point-contact is considered. We focus on nonlinear behavior of two-terminal conductance with the increase in negative split-gate voltage. Expecting the appearance of the intermediate conductance plateau we calculate the value of its conductance by using the renormalization group (RG) analysis. Further, we show that non-perturbative quasi-particle tunneling is effectively described as perturbative electron tunneling by the instanton method. The two-terminals conductance is written as a function of the gate voltage. The obtained results enable us to distinguish the anti-Pfaffian state from the Pfaffian state experimentally.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Force-induced Unbinding Dynamics in a Multidimensional Free Energy Landscape
Creators: name: Hyeon, Changbong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examined theory for force-induced unbinding on a two-dimensional free energy surface where the internal dynamics of biomolecules is coupled with the rupture process under constant tension f. We show that only if the transition state ensemble is narrow and activation barrier is high, the f-dependent rupture rate in the 2D potential surface can faithfully be described using an effective 1D energy profile.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Approximate k-state solutions to the Dirac-Yukawa problem based on the spin and pseudospin symmetry
Creators: name: Ikhdair, Sameer M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an approximation scheme to deal with the centrifugal (pseudo-centrifugal) term, we solve the Dirac equation with the screened Coulomb (Yukawa) potential for any arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number κ. Based on the spin and pseudospin symmetry, analytic bound state energy spectrum formulas and their corresponding upper- and lower-spinor components of two Dirac particles are obtained using a shortcut of the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. We find a wide range of permissible values for the spin symmetry constant C_{s} from the valence energy spectrum of particle and also for pseudospin symmetry constant C_{ps} from the hole energy spectrum of antiparticle. Further, we show that the present potential interaction becomes less (more) attractive for a long (short) range screening parameter α. To remove the degeneracies in energy levels we consider the spin and pseudospin solution of Dirac equation for Yukawa potential plus a centrifugal-like term. A few special cases such as the exact spin (pseudospin) symmetry Dirac-Yukawa, the Yukawa plus centrifugal-like potentials, the limit when α becomes zero (Coulomb potential field) and the non-relativistic limit of our solution are studied. The nonrelativistic solutions are compared with those obtained by other methods.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Energetic perspective on emergent inductance exhibited by magnetic textures in the pinned regime
Creators: name: Furuta, S.
name: Moody, S. H.
name: Kado, K.
name: Koshibae, W.
name: Kagawa, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatially varying magnetic textures can exhibit electric-current-induced dynamics as a result of the spin-transfer torque effect. When such a magnetic system is electrically driven, an electric field is generated, which is called the emergent electric field. In particular, when magnetic-texture dynamics are induced under the application of an AC electric current, the emergent electric field also appears in an AC manner, notably, with an out-of-phase time profile, thus exhibiting inductor behaviour, often called an emergent inductor. Here we show that the emergent inductance exhibited by magnetic textures in the pinned regime can be explained in terms of the current-induced energy stored in the magnetic system. We numerically find that the inductance values defined from the emergent electric field and the current-induced magnetization-distortion energy, respectively, are in quantitative agreement in the so-called adiabatic limit. Our findings indicate that emergent inductors retain the basic concept of conventional inductors; that is, the energy is stored under the application of electric current.
Infrared and X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Kes 75 Supernova Remnant Shell: Characterizing the Dust and Gas Properties
Creators: name: Temim, Tea
name: Slane, Patrick
name: Arendt, Richard G.
name: Dwek, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep Chandra observations and Spitzer Space Telescope infrared (IR) spectroscopy of the shell in the composite supernova remnant (SNR) Kes 75 (G29.7-0.3). The remnant is composed of a central pulsar wind nebula and a bright partial shell in the south that is visible at radio, IR, and X-ray wavelengths. The X-ray emission can be modeled by either a single thermal component with a temperature of ~ 1.5 keV, or with two thermal components with temperatures of 1.5 and 0.2 keV. Previous studies suggest that the hot component may originate from reverse-shocked SN ejecta. However, our new analysis shows no definitive evidence for enhanced abundances of Si, S, Ar, Mg, and Fe, as expected from supernova (SN) ejecta, or for the IR spectral signatures characteristic of confirmed SN condensed dust, thus favoring a circumstellar or interstellar origin for the X-ray and IR emission. The X-ray and IR emission in the shell are spatially correlated, suggesting that the dust particles are collisionally heated by the X-ray emitting gas. The IR spectrum of the shell is dominated by continuum emission from dust with little, or no line emission. Modeling the IR spectrum shows that the dust is heated to a temperature of ~ 140 K by a relatively dense, hot plasma, that also gives rise to the hot X-ray emission component. The density inferred from the IR emission is significantly higher than the density inferred from the X-ray models, suggesting a low filling factor for this X-ray emitting gas. The total mass of the warm dust component is at least 0.013 solar masses, assuming no significant dust destruction has occurred in the shell. The IR data also reveal the presence of an additional plasma component with a cooler temperature, consistent with the 0.2 keV gas component. Our IR analysis therefore provides an independent verification of the cooler component of the X-ray emission.
description: 12 pages, 4 tables, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Superfluid Pairing in Neutrons and Cold Atoms
Creators: name: Carlson, J.
name: Gandolfi, S.
name: Gezerlis, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold atomic gases and low-density neutron matter are unique in that they exhibit pairing gaps comparable to the Fermi energy which in this sense are the largest in the laboratory and in nature, respectively. This strong pairing regime, or the crossover between BCS and BEC regimes, requires non-perturbative treatments. We describe Quantum Monte Carlo results useful to understand the properties of these systems, including infinite homogeneous matter and trapped inhomogeneous gases.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures; chapter in "50 Years of Nuclear BCS", edited by R. A. Broglia and V. Zelevinsky
Blick in die Geschichte
Creators: name: Plate, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 49 Nr. 2 (2020)
Shift photoconductivity in the Haldane model
Creators: name: Sivianes, Javier
name: Ibañez-Azpiroz, Julen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shift current is part of the second-order optical response of materials with a close connection to topology. Here we report a sign inversion in the band-edge shift photoconductivity of the Haldane model when the system undergoes a topological phase transition. This result is obtained following two complementary schemes. On one hand, we derive an analytical expression for the band-edge shift current in a two-band tight-binding model showing that the sign reversal is driven by the mass term. On the other hand, we perform a numerical evaluation on a continuum version of the Haldane model. This approach allows us to include off-diagonal matrix elements of the position operator, which are discarded in tight-binding models but can contribute significantly to the shift current. Explicit evaluation of the shift current shows that while the model predictions remain accurate in the deep tight-binding regime, significant deviations arise for shallow potential landscapes. Notably, the sign reversal across the topological phase transition is observed in all regimes, implying it is a robust effect that could be observable in a wide range of topological insulators.
Trace models of concurrent valuation algebras
Creators: name: Evangelou-Oost, Naso
name: Meinicke, Larissa
name: Bannister, Callum
name: Hayes, Ian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces Concurrent Valuation Algebras (CVAs), a novel extension of ordered valuation algebras (OVAs). CVAs include two combine operators representing parallel and sequential products, adhering to a weak exchange law. This development offers theoretical and practical benefits for the specification and modelling of concurrent and distributed systems. As a presheaf on a space of domains, CVAs enable localised specifications, supporting modularity, compositionality, and the ability to represent large and complex systems. Furthermore, CVAs align with lattice-based refinement reasoning and are compatible with established methodologies such as Hoare and Rely-Guarantee logics. The flexibility of CVAs is explored through three trace models, illustrating distinct paradigms of concurrent/distributed computing, interrelated by morphisms. The paper also highlights the potential to incorporate a powerful local computation framework from valuation algebras for model checking in concurrent and distributed systems. The foundational results presented have been verified with the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL.
description: 26 pages
Additional file 1 of Primary care clinical provider knowledge and experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of tick-borne illness: a qualitative assessment from a Lyme disease endemic community
Creators: name: Mattoon, Stephanie
name: Baumhart, Caitlin
name: Barsallo Cochez, Ana C.
name: MacQueen, Douglas
name: Snedeker, Jeffrey
name: Yancey, Caroline B.
name: Gatch, Melissa
name: Mader, Emily M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Focus group and survey questionnaire data collection tools. Full listing of focus group discussion script (primary questions and prompts) and frontline provider survey questionnaire.
Distinct Floquet topological classifications from color-decorated frequency lattices with space-time symmetries
Creators: name: Na, Ilyoun
name: Kemp, Jack
name: Slager, Robert-Jan
name: Peng, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider nontrivial topological phases in Floquet systems using unitary loops and stroboscopic evolutions under a static Floquet Hamiltonian $H_F$ in the presence of dynamical space-time symmetries $G$. While the latter has been subject of out-of-equilibrium classifications that extend the ten-fold way and systems with additional crystalline symmetries to periodically driven systems, we explore the anomalous topological zero modes that arise in $H_F$ from the coexistence of a dynamical space-time symmetry $M$ and antisymmetry $A$ of $G$, and classify them using a frequency-domain formulation. Moreover, we provide an interpretation of the resulting Floquet topological phases using a frequency lattice with a decoration represented by color degrees of freedom on the lattice vertices. These colors correspond to the coefficient $N$ of the group extension $\tilde{G}$ of $G$ along the frequency lattice, given by $N=Z\rtimes H^1[A,M]$. The distinct topological classifications that arise at different energy gaps in its quasi-energy spectrum are described by the torsion product of the cohomology group $H^{2}[G,N]$ classifying the group extension.
description: 4 pages + supplementary material
Constraining Galactic Magnetic Field Models with Starlight Polarimetry
Creators: name: Pavel, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper provides testable predictions about starlight polarizations to constrain the geometry of the Galactic magnetic field, in particular the nature of the poloidal component. Galactic dynamo simulations and Galactic dust distributions from the literature are combined with a Stokes radiative transfer model to predict the observed polarizations and position angles of near-infrared starlight, assuming the light is polarized by aligned anisotropic dust grains. S0 and A0 magnetic field models and the role of magnetic pitch angle are all examined. All-sky predictions are made, and particular directions are identified as providing diagnostic power for discriminating among the models. Cumulative distribution functions of the normalized degree of polarization and plots of polarization position angle vs. Galactic latitude are proposed as tools for testing models against observations.
description: 58 pages, 31 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The bubble wall velocity in the minimal supersymmetric light stop scenario
Creators: name: Huber, Stephan J.
name: Sopena, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build on existing calculations of the wall velocity of the expanding bubbles of the broken symmetry phase in a first-order electroweak phase transition within the light stop scenario (LSS) of the MSSM. We carry out the analysis using the 2-loop thermal potential for values of the Higgs mass consistent with present experimental bounds. Our approach relies on describing the interaction between the bubble and the hot plasma by a single friction parameter, which we fix by matching to an existing 1-loop computation and extrapolate it to our regime of interest. For a sufficiently strong phase transition (in which washout of the newly-created baryon asymmetry is prevented) we obtain values of the wall velocity, v_w~0.05, far below the speed of sound in the medium, and not very much deviating from the previous 1-loop calculation. We also find that the phase transition is about 10% stronger than suggested by simply evaluating the thermal potential at the critical temperature.
description: 17pages, 3 figures
Rommersdorf, das geschenkte Kloster - ein Beispiel erfolgreicher privater Denkmalpflege
Creators: name: Lahr, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 30 Nr. 1 (1989): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Die Strahlenburg bei Schriesheim an der Bergstraße
Creators: name: Steinmetz, Thomas
name: Biller, Thomas
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 31 Nr. 1 (1990): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Ludwig Pfeiffer, Die Geschichte des Schlosses Spangenberg
Creators: name: Schütte, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Ludwig Pfeiffer, Die Geschichte des Schlosses Spangenberg, Spangenberg: Schreckhase 1987, Leinen, 120 S. mit zahlreichen, z. T. farbigen Abb.
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 32 Nr. 1 (1991): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
„Das Schloß und seine Ausstattung - Zur Zeichenhaftigkeit höfischer Innenräume“
Creators: name: Schütte, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (1998): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Additional file 2 of Primary care clinical provider knowledge and experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of tick-borne illness: a qualitative assessment from a Lyme disease endemic community
Creators: name: Mattoon, Stephanie
name: Baumhart, Caitlin
name: Barsallo Cochez, Ana C.
name: MacQueen, Douglas
name: Snedeker, Jeffrey
name: Yancey, Caroline B.
name: Gatch, Melissa
name: Mader, Emily M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Survey responses. Response distributions for all question items included in the frontline provider survey questionnaire.
Diffractive pQCD mechanism of exclusive production of $W^+ W^-$ pairs in proton-proton collisions
Creators: name: Lebiedowicz, Piotr
name: Pasechnik, Roman
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of central exclusive production of $W^+W^-$ pairs in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. We compare the contribution of the $γγ\to W^+ W^-$ mechanism with a new mechanism of exclusive diffractive production through the $gg \to W^+ W^-$ subprocess with intermediate virtual Higgs boson and quark box diagrams. The amplitude for the latter process is expressed in terms of the off-diagonal unintegrated gluon distribution functions. Several observables related to this process are calculated. The phase space integrated diffractive contribution when separated is only a small fraction of fb compared to 115.4 fb of the $γγ$-contribution without absorption. This opens a possibility of efficient searches for anomalous boson $γW^+ W^-$ and $γγW^+ W^-$ couplings due to new physics beyond Standard Model.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, Prepared for the Sixth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics QNP2012, April 16-20, 2012, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
Schloss Grünhoff im Kaliningrader Gebiet, das ehemalige Dotationsgut des Generals Graf Bülow von Dennewitz, verfällt
Creators: name: Lange, Heinrich
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 45 Nr. 4 (2004): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Additional file 1 of “This course is like a compass to us” – a qualitative study on newly settled migrants’ perceptions of civic and health orientation in Sweden
Creators: name: Al-Adhami, Maissa
name: Hjelm, Katarina
name: Wångdahl, Josefin
name: Larsson, Elin C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide for FGDs.
Structurally Constrained Evolutionary Algorithm for the Discovery and Design of Metastable Phases
Creators: name: Wang, Busheng
name: Hilleke, Katerina P.
name: Hajinazar, Samad
name: Frapper, Gilles
name: Zurek, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metastable materials are abundant in nature and technology, showcasing remarkable properties that inspire innovative materials design. However, traditional crystal structure prediction methods, which rely solely on energetic factors to determine a structure's fitness, are not suitable for predicting the vast number of potentially synthesizable phases that represent a local minimum corresponding to a state in thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we present a new approach for the prediction of metastable phases with specific structural features, and interface this method with the XtalOpt evolutionary algorithm. Our method relies on structural features that include the local crystalline order (e.g., the coordination number or chemical environment), and symmetry (e.g., Bravais lattice and space group) to filter the parent pool of an evolutionary crystal structure search. The effectiveness of this approach is benchmarked on three known metastable systems: XeN$_8$, with a two-dimensional polymeric nitrogen sublattice, brookite TiO$_2$, and a high pressure BaH$_4$ phase that was recently characterized. Additionally, a newly predicted metastable melaminate salt, $P$-1 WC$_{3}$N$_{6}$, was found to possess an energy that is lower than two phases proposed in a recent computational study. The method presented here could help in identifying the structures of compounds that have already been synthesized, and developing new synthesis targets with desired properties.
Enhancing single-parameter quantum charge pumping in carbon-based devices
Creators: name: Torres, L. E. F. Foa
name: Calvo, H. L.
name: Rocha, C. G.
name: Cuniberti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of quantum charge pumping with a single ac gate applied to graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes operating with low resistance contacts. By combining Floquet theory with Green's function formalism, we show that the pumped current can be tuned and enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude by an appropriate choice of device length, gate voltage intensity and driving frequency and amplitude. These results offer a promising alternative for enhancing the pumped currents in these carbon-based devices.
description: 3.5 pages, 2 figures
Ising model with spins S=1/2 and 1 on directed and undirected Erdös-Rényi random graphs
Creators: name: Lima, F. W. S.
name: Sumour, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Monte Carlo simulations we study the Ising model with spin S=1/2 and 1 on {\it directed} and {\it undirected} Erdös-Rényi (ER) random graphs, with $z$ neighbors for each spin. In the case with spin S=1/2, the {\it undirected} and {\it directed} ER graphs present a spontaneous magnetization in the universality class of mean field theory, where in both {\it directed} and {\it undirected} ER graphs the model presents a spontaneous magnetization at $p = z/N$ ($z=2, 3, ...,N$), but no spontaneous magnetization at $p = 1/N$ which is the percolation threshold. For both {\it directed} and {\it undirected} ER graphs with spin S=1 we find a first-order phase transition for z=4 and 9 neighbors.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Synchronous micromechanically resonant programmable photonic circuits
Creators: name: Dong, Mark
name: Boyle, Julia M.
name: Palm, Kevin J.
name: Zimmermann, Matthew
name: Witte, Alex
name: Leenheer, Andrew J.
name: Dominguez, Daniel
name: Gilbert, Gerald
name: Eichenfield, Matt
name: Englund, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are emerging as powerful tools for the precise manipulation of light, with applications in quantum information processing, optical range finding, and artificial intelligence. The leading architecture for programmable PICs is the mesh of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) embedded with reconfigurable optical phase shifters. Low-power implementations of these PICs involve micromechanical structures driven capacitively or piezoelectrically but are limited in modulation bandwidth by mechanical resonances and high operating voltages. However, circuits designed to operate exclusively at these mechanical resonances would reduce the necessary driving voltage from resonantly enhanced modulation as well as maintaining high actuation speeds. Here we introduce a synchronous, micromechanically resonant design architecture for programmable PICs, which exploits micromechanical eigenmodes for modulation enhancement. This approach combines high-frequency mechanical resonances and optically broadband phase shifters to increase the modulation response on the order of the mechanical quality factor $Q_m$, thereby reducing the PIC's power consumption, voltage-loss product, and footprint. The architecture is useful for broadly applicable circuits such as optical phased arrays, $1$ x $N$, and $N$ x $N$ photonic switches. We report a proof-of-principle programmable 1 x 8 switch with piezoelectric phase shifters at specifically targeted mechanical eigenfrequencies, showing a full switching cycle of all eight channels spaced by approximately 11 ns and operating at >3x average modulation enhancement across all on-chip modulators. By further leveraging micromechanical devices with high $Q_m$, which can exceed 1 million, our design architecture should enable a new class of low-voltage and high-speed programmable PICs.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 5 supplementary figures
Additional file 1 of Prognostic model of long-term advanced stage (IIIB-IV) EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survivors using real-life data
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Lourdes
name: Royuela, Ana
name: Carcereny, Enric
name: López-Castro, Rafael
name: Rodríguez-Abreu, Delvys
name: Massuti, Bartomeu
name: González-Larriba, José Luis
name: García-Campelo, Rosario
name: Bosch-Barrera, Joaquim
name: Guirado, María
name: Camps, Carlos
name: Dómine, Manuel
name: Bernabé, Reyes
name: Casal, Joaquín
name: Oramas, Juana
name: Ortega, Ana Laura
name: Sala, Mª. Angeles
name: Padilla, Airam
name: Aguiar, David
name: Juan-Vidal, Oscar
name: Blanco, Remei
name: del Barco, Edel
name: Martínez-Banaclocha, Natividad
name: Benítez, Gretel
name: de Vega, Blanca
name: Hernández, Ainhoa
name: Saigi, Maria
name: Franco, Fernando
name: Provencio, Mariano
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Long-Term Instrumental and Reconstructed Temperature Records Contradict Anthropogenic Global Warming
Creators: name: Lüdecke, Horst-Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monthly instrumental temperature records from 5 stations in the northern hemisphere are analyzed, each of which is local and over 200 years in length, as well as two reconstructed long-range yearly records - from a stalagmite and from tree rings that are about 2000 years long. In the instrumental records, the steepest 100-year temperature fall happened in the 19th century and the steepest rise in the 20th century, both events being of about the same magnitude. Evaluation by the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) yields Hurst exponents that are in good agreement with the literature. DFA, Monte Carlo simulations, and synthetic records reveal that both 100-year events were caused by external trends. In contrast to this, the reconstructed records show stronger 100-year rises and falls as quite common during the last 2000 years. These results contradict the hypothesis of an unusual (anthropogenic) global warming during the 20th century. As a hypothesis, the sun's magnetic field, which is correlated with sunspot numbers, is put forward as an explanation. The long-term low-frequency fluctuations in sunspot numbers are not detectable by the DFA in the monthly instrumental records, resulting in the common low Hurst exponents. The same does not hold true for the 2000-year-long reconstructed records, which explains both their higher Hurst exponents and the higher probabilities of strong 100-year temperature fluctuations. A long-term synthetic record that embodies the reconstructed sunspot number fluctuations includes the different Hurst exponents of both the instrumental and the reconstructed records and, therefore, corroborates the conjecture.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Four-dimensional Cone Beam CT Reconstruction and Enhancement using a Temporal Non-Local Means Method
Creators: name: Jia, Xun
name: Tian, Zhen
name: Lou, Yifei
name: Sonke, Jan-Jakob
name: Jiang, Steve B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography (4D-CBCT) has been developed to provide respiratory phase resolved volumetric imaging in image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Inadequate number of projections in each phase bin results in low quality 4D-CBCT images with obvious streaking artifacts. In this work, we propose two novel 4D-CBCT algorithms: an iterative reconstruction algorithm and an enhancement algorithm, utilizing a temporal nonlocal means (TNLM) method. We define a TNLM energy term for a given set of 4D-CBCT images. Minimization of this term favors those 4D-CBCT images such that any anatomical features at one spatial point at one phase can be found in a nearby spatial point at neighboring phases. 4D-CBCT reconstruction is achieved by minimizing a total energy containing a data fidelity term and the TNLM energy term. As for the image enhancement, 4D-CBCT images generated by the FDK algorithm are enhanced by minimizing the TNLM function while keeping the enhanced images close to the FDK results. A forward-backward splitting algorithm and a Gauss-Jacobi iteration method are employed to solve the problems. The algorithms are implemented on GPU to achieve a high computational efficiency. The reconstruction algorithm and the enhancement algorithm generate visually similar 4D-CBCT images, both better than the FDK results. Quantitative evaluations indicate that, compared with the FDK results, our reconstruction method improves contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) by a factor of 2.56~3.13 and our enhancement method increases the CNR by 2.75~3.33 times. The enhancement method also removes over 80% of the streak artifacts from the FDK results. The total computation time is ~460 sec for the reconstruction algorithm and ~610 sec for the enhancement algorithm on an NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU card.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Metallicity Distribution Functions of 13 Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Candidates from Hubble Space Telescope Narrowband Imaging
Creators: name: Fu, Sal Wanying
name: Weisz, Daniel R.
name: Starkenburg, Else
name: Martin, Nicolas
name: Savino, Alessandro
name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: Cote, Patrick
name: Dolphin, Andrew E.
name: Ji, Alexander P.
name: Longeard, Nicolas
name: Mateo, Mario L.
name: Patel, Ekta
name: Sandford, Nathan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present uniformly measured stellar metallicities for 463 stars in 13 Milky Way (MW) ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs; $M_V = -7.1$ to $-0.8$) using narrowband CaHK (F395N) imaging taken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This represents the largest homogeneous set of stellar metallicities in UFDs, increasing the number of metallicities in these 13 galaxies by a factor of 5 and doubling the number of metallicities in all known MW UFDs. We provide the first well-populated MDFs for all galaxies in this sample, with [Fe/H] ranging from -3.0 dex to -2.0 dex, and $σ_{\mbox{[Fe/H]}}$ ranging from 0.3 dex to 0.7 dex. We find a nearly constant [Fe/H] ~ -2.6 over 3 decades in luminosity (~$10^2 - 10^5 L_{\odot}$), suggesting that the mass-metallicity relationship does not hold for such faint systems. We find a larger fraction (24%) of EMP ([Fe/H]<-3.0) stars across our sample compared to the literature (14%), but note that uncertainties in our most metal-poor measurements make this an upper limit. We find 19% of stars in our UFD sample to be metal-rich ([Fe/H]>-2.0), consistent with the sum of literature spectroscopic studies. MW UFDs are known to be predominantly >13 Gyr old, meaning that all stars in our sample are truly ancient, unlike metal-poor stars in the MW, which have a range of possible ages. Our UFD metallicities are not well-matched to known streams in the MW, providing further evidence that known MW substructures are not related to UFDs. We include a catalog of our stars to encourage community follow-up studies, including priority targets for ELT-era observations.
description: 37 pages, 20 figures, ApJ accepted and published
Temperature Dependence of the Viscoelastic Properties of a Natural Gastropod Mucus by Brillouin Light Scattering Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Hanlon, Dillon F.
name: Clouter, Maynard J.
name: Andrews, G. Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brillouin spectroscopy was used to probe the viscoelastic properties of a natural gastropod mucus at GHz frequencies over the range -11 $^\circ$C $\leq T \leq$ 52 $^\circ$C. Anomalies in the temperature dependence of mucus longitudinal acoustic mode peak parameters and associated viscoelastic properties at $T = -2.5^\circ$C, together with the appearance of a peak due to ice at this temperature, suggest that the mucus undergoes a phase transition from a viscous liquid state to one in which liquid mucus and solid ice phases coexist. Failure of this transition to proceed to completion even at -11 $^\circ$C is attributed to glycoprotein-water interaction. The temperature dependence of the viscoelastic properties and the phase behaviour suggest that water molecules bind to glycoprotein at a temperature above the onset of freezing and that the reduced ability of this bound water to take on a configuration that facilitates freezing is responsible for the observed freezing point depression and gradual nature of the liquid-solid transition.
Additional file 1 of Overexpression of UTX promotes tumor progression in Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving surgical resection: a case control study
Creators: name: Chen, Yen-Hao
name: Chen, Chang-Han
name: Chien, Chih-Yen
name: Su, Yan-Ye
name: Luo, Sheng-Dean
name: Li, Shau-Hsuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Fig. S1. The original data of western blot analyses.
Time Resolved Investigation of High Repetition Rate Gas Jet Target For High Harmonic Generation
Creators: name: Nagyillés, Balázs
name: Diveki, Zsolt
name: Nayak, Arjun
name: Dumergue, Mathieu
name: Major, Balázs
name: Varjú, Katalin
name: Kahaly, Subhendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High repetition rate gas targets constitute an essential component in intense laser matter interaction studies. The technology becomes challenging as the repetition rate approaches kHz regime. In this regime, cantilever based gas valves are employed, which can open and close in tens of microseconds, resulting in a unique kind of gas characteristics in both spatial and temporal domain. Here we characterize piezo cantilever based kHz pulsed gas valves in the low density regime, where it provides sufficient peak gas density for High Harmonic Generation while releasing significantly less amount of gas reducing the vacuum load within the interaction chamber, suitable for high vacuum applications. In order to obtain reliable information of the gas density in the target jet space-time resolved characterization is performed. The gas jet system is validated by conducting interferometric gas density estimations and high harmonic generation measurements at the Extreme Light Infrastructure Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI ALPS) facility. Our results demonstrate that while employing such targets for optimal high harmonic generation, the high intensity interaction should be confined to a suitable time window, after the cantilever opening. The measured gas density evolution correlates well with the integrated high harmonic flux and state of the art 3D simulation results, establishing the importance of such metrology.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
A WISE View of a Nearby Supercluster A2199
Creators: name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Geller, Margaret J.
name: Diaferio, Antonaldo
name: Rines, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data covering the entire region (~130 deg^2) of the A2199 supercluster at z=0.03 to study the mid-infrared (MIR) properties of supercluster galaxies. We identify a `MIR star-forming sequence' in the WISE [3.4]-[12] color-12 μm luminosity diagram, consisting of late-type, star-forming galaxies. At a fixed star formation rate (SFR), the MIR-detected galaxies at 22 μm or 12 μm tend to be more metal rich and to have higher surface brightness than those without MIR detection. Using these MIR-detected galaxies, we construct the IR luminosity function (LF) and investigate its environmental dependence. Both total IR (TIR) and 12 μm LFs are dominated by late-type, star-forming galaxies. The contribution of active galactic nuclei (AGN)-host galaxies increases with both TIR and 12 μm luminosities. The contribution of early-type galaxies to the 12 μm LFs increases with decreasing luminosity. The faint-end slope of the TIR LFs does not change with environment, but the change of faint-end slope in the 12 μm LFs with the environment is significant: there is a steeper faint-end slope in the cluster core than in the cluster outskirts. This steepening results primarily from the increasing contribution of early-type galaxies toward the cluster. These galaxies are passively evolving, and contain old stellar populations with weak MIR emission from the circumstellar dust around asymptotic giant branch stars.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures. To appear in ApJ
Resolving the nuclear dust distribution of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 3081
Creators: name: Almeida, C. Ramos
name: Sanchez-Portal, M.
name: Perez-Garcia, A. M.
name: Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
name: Castillo, M.
name: Ramos, A. Asensio
name: Gonzalez-Serrano, J. I.
name: Alonso-Herrero, A.
name: Espinosa, J. M. Rodriguez
name: Hatziminaoglou, E.
name: Coia, D.
name: Valtchanov, I.
name: Povic, M.
name: Esquej, P.
name: Packham, C.
name: Altieri, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report far-infrared (FIR) imaging of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 3081 in the range 70-500 micron, obtained with an unprecedented angular resolution, using the Herschel Space Observatory instruments PACS and SPIRE. The 11 kpc (~70 arcsec) diameter star-forming ring of the galaxy appears resolved up to 250 micron. We extracted infrared (1.6-500 micron) nuclear fluxes, that is active nucleus-dominated fluxes, and fitted them with clumpy torus models, which successfully reproduce the FIR emission with small torus sizes. Adding the FIR data to the near- and mid-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) results in a torus radial extent of Ro=4(+2/-1) pc, as well as in a flat radial distribution of the clouds (i.e. the q parameter). At wavelengths beyond 200 micron, cold dust emission at T=28+/-1 K from the circumnuclear star-forming ring of 2.3 kpc (~15 arcsec) in diameter starts making a contribution to the nuclear emission. The dust in the outer parts of the galaxy is heated by the interstellar radiation field (19+/-3 K).
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS letters