cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the 12C+12C fusion at very low energies by direct and indirect methods
Creators: name: Kadoya, T.
name: Talwar, R.
name: Roberts, A.
name: Smith, M.K.
name: Best, A.
name: Hatanaka, K.
name: Long, A.
name: Alongi, A.
name: Paul, N.
name: Cahillane, C.
name: Fang, X.
name: Freer, M.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Kawabata, T.
name: Almaraz-Calderon, S.
name: Lui, Y.-W.
name: Kolata, J.J.
name: Lyons, S.
name: Wiescher, M.
name: Fujita, H.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Deboer, R.J.
name: Fujita, Y.
name: Li, Y.J.
name: Li, Q.
name: Liu, B.
name: Yokota, N.
name: Itoh, T.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Görres, J.
name: Miki, K.
name: Bucher, B.
name: Berg, G.P.A.
name: Dahlstrom, E.
name: Howard, A.
name: Tan, W.P.
name: Tang, X.D.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2013

description: The 12C+12C fusion reaction plays a crucial role during stellar evolution. The astrophysically important energy range spans from 1 MeV to 3 MeV. However, its cross section has not been determined with enough precision, despite numerous studies, due to the extremely low reaction cross sections and the large experimental background. To allow measurements of the 12C+12C fusion at astrophysical energies, we developed an efficient thick-target method using large-area silicon strip detectors. Further measurements at even lower energies will be performed using coincidences between a silicon-detector and a Ge-detector array, at the high-current accelerator under construction at the University of Notre Dame. Since the coincidence method does not allow obtaining information about the channels without gamma-ray emission, a solenoid spectrometer has been constructed for complementary measurements. Meanwhile, we are also investigating the 24Mg(α, α') reaction using the Grand Raiden Spectrometer at RCNP to search for potential resonances in the 12C+12C fusion reaction. Preliminary results from these measurements will be presented.
Searching for the low-energy resonances in the 12C( 12C,n)23Mg reaction cross section relevant for s-process nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Tan, W.
name: Notani, M.
name: Couder, M.
name: Stech, E.
name: Tang, X.D.
name: Beard, M.
name: Long, A.
name: Roberts, A.
name: Deboer, R.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Cahillane, C.
name: Almaraz-Calderon, S.
name: Browne, J.
name: Talwar, R.
name: Fang, X.
name: Lu, W.
name: Alongi, A.
name: Kontos, A.
name: Paul, N.
name: Smith, K.
name: Best, A.
name: Patel, D.
name: Bucher, B.
name: Lyons, S.
name: Robertson, D.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2013

description: The 12C(12C,n) reaction (Q=-2.6 MeV) is a potential neutron source for the weak s-process occurring in shell-carbon burning of massive stars. The uncertainty in this reaction rate limits our understanding of the production of elements in the range 60 < A < 110. Current stellar models must rely on the smooth extrapolation of a dubious statistical model calculation based on experimental data taken at energies well above the Gamow window which lies below 3.2 MeV. At Notre Dame, this reaction cross section has been measured in finer steps at energies above 3.5 MeV, while successful measurements down to 3.1 MeV have just recently been achieved. In addition, a new extrapolation based on measurements of the mirror system has been developed which predicts a number of low-energy resonances while accounting well for the high-energy resonances. An overview of this work along with the most recent results and astrophysical implications are presented.
title: Πρόβλεψη τιμών φυσικού αερίου χρησιμοποιώντας Νεύρο-Ασαφή λογική

Creators: name: Πολιτης Γεωργιος-Παναγιωτης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Στην παρούσα εργασία, με σκοπό την πρόβλεψη των τιμών του Φυσικού Αερίου, προτεί-νεται η εφαρμογή του Προσαρμοστικού Νεύρο-Ασαφούς Συστήματος Συμπερασμού-Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), ενός μοντέλου που συνδυάζει τις δυνατότητες της Ασαφούς Λογικής και των Τεχνητών Νευρωνικών δικτύων.
Για την εξαγωγή αποτελεσμάτων εξετάζονται οι τιμές κλεισίματος του Φυσικού Αερίου για τρία έτη (2017 έως 2020), στο Ευρωπαϊκό Χρηματιστήριο Ενέργειας για τέσσερα φυσικά σημεία συναλλαγής: το GASPOOL, το NCG, το TTF και το NPB.
Η υλοποίηση αυτής της διαδικασίας γίνεται με χρήση του προγράμματος MATLAB, όπου και χρησιμοποιούνται οι συναρτήσεις συμμετοχής gbellmf, gauss2mf, gaussmf και trapmf. Ελέγχονται τα σφάλματα MSE (Μέσο τετραγωνικό σφάλμα), RMSE (Ρίζα μέσου τετραγωνικού σφάλματος), MAE (Μέσο απόλυτο σφάλμα) και MAPE (Μέσο απόλυτο πο-σοστιαίο σφάλμα) των συναρτήσεων αυτών.
Έπειτα τα αποτελέσματα της μεθόδου ANFIS συγκρίνονται με αυτά των συμβατικών μεθόδων ARMA και AR ώστε να αποδειχθεί η ανωτερότητά της σύμφωνα με τους προαναφερθέντες δείκτες.
title: State Complexity of GF(2)-Inverse and GF(2)-Star on Binary Languages
Creators: name: Okhotin, Alexander
name: Sazhneva, Elizaveta
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2023

description: The GF(2)-inverse operation on formal languages, defined for every language containing the empty string, is known to preserve regularity; its state complexity is $2^n+1$ for alphabets with at least three symbols, and $2^{n-1}+1$ for a one-symbol alphabet. In this paper, it is proved that, for a two-symbol alphabet, its state complexity is exactly $\frac{3}{4}2^n + 3$. For a more general operation, the GF(2)-star, which is applicable to every language, it is proved that its state complexity for a binary alphabet remains~$2^n+1$.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 28, Numbers 1-3, 2023, 121-141
Dynamical Cobordism and the Beginning of Time: Supercritical Strings and Tachyon Condensation
Creators: name: Angius, Roberta
name: Delgado, Matilda
name: Uranga, Angel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe timelike linear dilaton backgrounds of supercritical string theories as time-dependent Dynamical Cobordisms in string theory, with their spacelike singularity as a boundary defining the beginning of time. We propose and provide compelling evidence that its microscopic interpretation corresponds to a region of (a strong coupling version of) closed tachyon condensation. We argue that this beginning of time is closely related to (and shares the same scaling behaviour as) the bubbles of nothing obtained in a weakly coupled background with lightlike tachyon condensation. As an intermediate result, we also provide the description of the latter as lightlike Dynamical Cobordism.
description: 23 pages + appendices
Two-Yukawa fluid at a hard wall: Field theory treatment
Creators: name: Kravtsiv, I.
name: Patsahan, T.
name: Holovko, M.
name: di Caprio, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a field-theoretical approach to study the structure and thermodynamics of a two-Yukawa fluid confined by a hard wall. We derive mean field equations allowing for numerical evaluation of the density profile which is compared to analytical estimations. Beyond the mean field approximation, analytical expressions for the free energy, the pressure, and the correlation function are derived. Subsequently, contributions to the density profile and the adsorption coefficient due to Gaussian fluctuations are found. Both the mean field and the fluctuation terms of the density profile are shown to satisfy the contact theorem. We further use the contact theorem to improve the Gaussian approximation for the density profile based on a better approximation for the bulk pressure. The results obtained are compared to computer simulation data.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures
title: Two-Dimensional Rank-Reducing Grammars and Their Complexity
Creators: name: Průša, Daniel
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2023

description: We study properties of a two-dimensional grammar introduced recently for use in document analysis and recognition. The grammar is obtained from the two-dimensional context-free grammar by limiting the form of productions. Variants (ranks) of the grammar with regard to productions complexity are defined. If the grammar is restricted to produce one-row pictures only, it generates regular languages. We suggest that the lowest-rank variant can be considered as a natural generalization of the regular matrix grammar, which in addition shares some of its good properties. Namely, it can be parsed in time linear in the input area and the emptiness problem is still decidable for the grammar. However, we also show that the higher-rank variants do not loosen complexity of the context-free grammar too much. There is a conditional lower bound preventing to propose a linear-time parsing algorithm. Moreover, the grammar is able to simulate the 2-counter Minsky machine, which results in non-recursive trade-offs between grammars of different ranks and also in undecidability of the emptiness problem.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 28, Numbers 1-3, 2023, 143-166
A measurement of small-scale features using ionospheric scintillation. Comparison with refractive shift measurements
Creators: name: Waszewski, A.
name: Morgan, J.
name: Jordan, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of scintillation induced by the mid-latitude ionosphere. By implementing methods currently used in Interplanetary Scintillation studies to measure amplitude scintillation at low frequencies, we have proven it is possible to use the Murchison Widefield Array to study ionospheric scintillation in the weak regime, which is sensitive to structures on scales $\sim$300 m at our observing frequency of 154 MHz, where the phase variance on this scale was 0.06 rad$^{2}$ in the most extreme case observed. Analysing over 1000 individual 2-minute observations, we compared the ionospheric phase variance with that inferred with previous measurements of refractive shifts, which are most sensitive to scales almost an order of magnitude larger. The two measurements were found to be highly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.71). We observed that for an active ionosphere, the relationship between these two metrics is in line with what would be expected if the ionosphere's structure is described by Kolmogorov turbulence between the relevant scales of 300m and 2000m. In the most extreme ionospheric conditions, the refractive shifts were sometimes found to underestimate the small-scale variance by a factor of four or more, and it is these ionospheric conditions that could have significant effects on radio astronomy observations.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in PASA
Impact of tensor force on quantum shell effects in quasifission reactions
Creators: name: Li, Liang
name: Guo, Lu
name: Godbey, K.
name: Umar, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum shell effects drive many aspects of many-body quantal systems and their interactions. Among these are the quasifission reactions that impede the formation of a compound nucleus in superheavy element (SHE) searches. Fragment production in quasifission is influenced by shell effects as a nontrivial manifestation of microscopic dynamics hindering the full equilibration of the composite system to form the compound nucleus. In this Letter, we use the microscopic time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory to study 48Ca+249Bk collisions to investigate the influence of the tensor component of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction. The results show that the inclusion of the tensor force causes the spherical shell effect to become more prominent, particularly for the neutron number yield whose peak is exactly at magic number N = 126. This suggests that the tensor force plays a compelling role in the evolution of dynamical shell effects in nuclear reactions, influencing the competition between spherical and deformed shell gaps.
description: minor correction for the caption of Fig.2
Dust Heating by Low-mass Stars in Massive Galaxies at z<1
Creators: name: Kajisawa, M.
name: Morishita, T.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
name: Kobayashi, M. A. R.
name: Ichikawa, T.
name: Fukui, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 imaging data and multi-wavelength photometric catalog, we investigated the dust temperature of passively evolving and star-forming galaxies at 0.2 10^{10} Msun have a relatively high dust temperature of Tdust > 20 K, for which the formation efficiency of molecular hydrogen on the surface of dust grains in the diffuse ISM is expected to be very low from the laboratory experiments. The fraction of passively evolving galaxies strongly depends on the expected dust temperature at all redshifts and increases rapidly with increasing the temperature around Tdust ~ 20 K. These results suggest that the dust heating by low-mass stars in massive galaxies plays an important role for the continuation of their passive evolution, because the lack of the shielding effect of the molecular hydrogen on the UV radiation can prevent the gas cooling and formation of new stars.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Connecting Dark Matter Halos with the Galaxy Center and the Supermassive Black Hole
Creators: name: Bogdan, Akos
name: Goulding, Andy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational studies of nearby galaxies have demonstrated correlations between the mass of the central supermassive black holes (BHs) and properties of the host galaxies, notably the stellar bulge mass or central stellar velocity dispersion. Motivated by these correlations, the theoretical paradigm has emerged, in which BHs and bulges co-evolve. However, this picture was challenged by observational and theoretical studies, which hinted that the fundamental connection may be between BHs and dark matter halos, and not necessarily with their host galaxies. Based on a study of 3130 elliptical galaxies $-$ selected from the Sloan Digital and ROSAT All Sky Surveys $-$ we demonstrate that the central stellar velocity dispersion exhibits a significantly tighter correlation with the total gravitating mass, traced by the X-ray luminosity of the hot gas, than with the stellar mass. This hints that the central stellar velocity dispersion, and hence the central gravitational potential, may be the fundamental property of elliptical galaxies that is most tightly connected to the larger-scale dark matter halo. Furthermore, using the central stellar velocity dispersion as a surrogate for the BH mass, we find that in elliptical galaxies the inferred BH mass and inferred total gravitating mass within the virial radius (or within five effective radii) can be expressed as $M_{\rm{BH}} \propto M_{\rm tot}^{1.6^{+0.6}_{-0.4}} $ (or $M_{\rm{BH}} \propto M_{\rm{5r_{eff}}}^{1.8^{+0.7}_{-0.6}}$). These results are consistent with a picture in which the BH mass is directly set by the central stellar velocity dispersion, which, in turn, is determined by the total gravitating mass of the system.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Wadge Degrees of Classes of ω-Regular k-Partitions
Creators: name: Selivanov, Victor
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2023

description: We develop a theory of $k$-partitions of the set of infinite words recognizable by classes of finite automata. The theory enables to complete proofs of existing results about topological classifications of the (aperiodic) $\omega$-regular $k$-partitions, and provides tools for dealing with other similar questions. In particular, we characterise the structure of Wadge degrees of (aperiodic) $\omega$-regular $k$-partitions, prove the decidability of many related problems, and discuss their complexity.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 28, Numbers 1-3, 2023, 167-199
Collective structures up to spin ∼ 65h in the N 90 isotones 158Er and 157Ho
Creators: name: Paul, E.S.
name: Ragnarsson, I.
name: Revill, J.P.
name: Oilier, J.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Rees, J.M.
name: Chiara, C.J.
name: Riedinger, L.L.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Rigby, S.V.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Nolan, P.J.
name: Wang, X.
name: Miller, S.
name: Hartley, D.J.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Simpson, J.
name: Boston, H.C.
name: Judson, D.S.
name: Unsworth, C.
name: Garg, U.
name: Radford, D.C.
name: Hampson, P.
name: Riley, M.A.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Petri, M.
name: Lumley, N.M.
name: Matta, J.
name: Zhu, S.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2012

description: A new collective band with high dynamic moment of inertia in 158Er at spins beyond band termination has been found in addition to the two previously reported ones. The measured transition quadrupole moments (Qt) of these three bands are very similar. These three bands have been suggested to possess a triaxial strongly deformed shape, based on comparisons with calculations using the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model and with tilted axis cranking calculations using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model. In addition, three collective bands with similar high dynamic moments of inertia, tentatively assigned to 157Ho, have been observed. Thus, it is suggested that all these structures share a common underlying character and that they are most likely associated with triaxial strongly deformed minima which are predicted to be close to the yrast line at spin 50 - 70h.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS TO ENHANCE THE SOLUBILITY
Creators: name: Doya Abhilash ,  Zeenath Ruhy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Poor aqueous solubility and dissolution limit the oral bioavailability of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drugs. In this study, we aimed to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX), a BCS class II drug, using a Solid Dispersions. Solid dispersions were created utilizing the solvent evaporation method at a 1:1 ratio with various carriers, and they demonstrated improved solubility compared to API. Carriers with improved dissolving rates included polyplasdone, polyaxomer, and ß-cyclodextrin. Tablets were prepared by incorporating excipients and evaluated for various pre compression and post compression parameters. Also assay and in-vitro dissolution studies were performed. When the tablets were evaluated, they fell inside the predetermined range. It is determined that inclusion complex (ß-cyclodextrin), hydrophilic polymer (PVA), and surfactant (polaxomer) are used to increase the solubility of raloxifene hydrochloride.
Keywords:
 Raloxifene Hydrochloride, Cyclodextrin, Polaxomer 407, Poly vinyl pyrrolidone, Solid Dispersions
ICT and Peer E ects on Academic Performance in a University Setting: Evidence from Portugal
Creators: name: Turner, Ryan J.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Measuring the impact of educational inputs on academic outputs is a key goal for education policy research. Such measurement can guide the utilization of limited resources and help students be more successful. In this thesis, we study the impact of two important inputs to the educational production function. On the technological side, we study the impact of ICTs, specifically wifi usage and laptop ownership. On the sociological side, we study the effect students have on each other, or the peer effect.
Statistical model of a superfluid solid
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Yukalova, E. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic statistical model of a quantum solid is developed, where inside a crystalline lattice there can exist regions of disorder, such as dislocation networks or grain boundaries. The cores of these regions of disorder are allowed for exhibiting fluid-like properties. If the solid is composed of Bose atoms, then the fluid-like aggregations inside the regions of disorder can exhibit Bose-Einstein condensation and hence superfluidity. The regions of disorder are randomly distributed throughout the sample, so that for describing the overall properties of the solid requires to accomplish averaging over the disordered aggregation configurations. The averaging procedure results in a renormalized Hamiltonian of a solid that can combine the properties of a crystal and superfluidity. The possibility of such a combination depends on the system parameters. In general, there exists a range of the model parameters allowing for the occurrence of superfluidity inside the disordered aggregations. This microscopic statistical model gives the opportunity to answer which real quantum crystals can exhibit the property of superfluidity and which cannot.
description: Latex file, 24 pages, 4 figures
Linguistic Descriptions for Automatic Generation of Textual Short-Term Weather Forecasts on Real Prediction Data
Creators: name: Ramos-Soto, A.
name: Bugarín, A.
name: Barro, S.
name: Taboada, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present in this paper an application which automatically generates textual short-term weather forecasts for every municipality in Galicia (NW Spain), using the real data provided by the Galician Meteorology Agency (MeteoGalicia). This solution combines in an innovative way computing with perceptions techniques and strategies for linguistic description of data together with a natural language generation (NLG) system. The application, named GALiWeather, extracts relevant information from weather forecast input data and encodes it into intermediate descriptions using linguistic variables and temporal references. These descriptions are later translated into natural language texts by the natural language generation system. The obtained forecast results have been thoroughly validated by an expert meteorologist from MeteoGalicia using a quality assessment methodology which covers two key dimensions of a text: the accuracy of its content and the correctness of its form. Following this validation GALiWeather will be released as a real service offering custom forecasts for a wide public.
description: 13 pages, 20 figures, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 2014
High precision solutions to quantized vortices within Gross-Pitaevskii equation
Creators: name: Peng, Hao-Hao
name: Deng, Jian
name: Lou, Sen-Yue
name: Wang, Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates of dilute cold atoms can be well formulated by Gross-Pitaevskii equation. To better understand the properties of vortices, a systematic method to solve the nonlinear differential equation for the vortex to a very high precision is proposed. Through two-point Pad$\acute{\text{e}}$ approximants, these solutions are presented in terms of simple rational functions, which can be used in the simulation of vortex dynamics. The precision of the solutions is sensitive to the connecting parameter and the truncation orders. It can be improved significantly with a reasonable extension in the order of rational functions. The errors of the solutions and the limitation of two-point Pad$\acute{\text{e}}$ approximants are discussed. This investigation may shed light on the exact solution to the nonlinear vortex equation.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Active star formation at intermediate Galactic latitude: the case of IRAS 06345-3023
Creators: name: Yun, J. L.
name: Palmeirim, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a small aggregate of young stars seen in high-resolution, deep near-infrared ($JHK_S$) images towards IRAS 06345-3023 in the outer Galaxy and well below the mid-plane of the Galactic disc. The group of young stars is likely to be composed of low-mass stars, mostly Class I young stellar objects. The stars are seen towards a molecular cloud whose CO map peaks at the location of the IRAS source. The near-infrared images reveal, additionally, the presence of nebular emission with rich morphological features, including arcs in the vicinity of embedded stars, wisps and bright rims of a butterfly-shaped dark cloud. The location of this molecular cloud as a new star formation site well below the Galactic plane in the outer Galaxy indicates that active star formation is taking place at vertical distances larger than those typical of the (thin) disc.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
title: Recognition and Complexity Results for Projection Languages of Two-Dimensional Automata
Creators: name: Smith, Taylor J.
name: Salomaa, Kai
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2023

description: We develop a theory of $k$-partitions of the set of infinite words recognizable by classes of finite automata. The theory enables to complete proofs of existing results about topological classifications of the (aperiodic) $\omega$-regular $k$-partitions, and provides tools for dealing with other similar questions. In particular, we characterise the structure of Wadge degrees of (aperiodic) $\omega$-regular $k$-partitions, prove the decidability of many related problems, and discuss their complexity.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 28, Numbers 1-3, 2023, 201-220
Crystal Chemistry at High Pressure
Creators: name: Hilleke, Katerina P.
name: Zurek, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview of the behavior of materials at high pressure is presented, starting from the effects on single atoms driving electronic transitions and changes in periodic trends. A range of high-pressure-induced phenomena in the solid state are then discussed building on the atomic changes, including bizarre electronic structures, electrides, compounds of noble gases, changes in elemental miscibility, and strange structural and bonding configurations. In the final section, the field of high pressure superconductivity is discussed, as high pressure phases have generated immense study and excitement as some of their critical superconducting temperatures approach room temperature.
description: Written for Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry III (2023)
The role of 12C(12C,n) in the astrophysical S-process
Creators: name: Fang, X.
name: Bucher, B.
name: Lu, W.
name: Patel, D.
name: Deboer, J.
name: Tang, X.D.
name: Paul, N.
name: Notani, M.
name: Best, A.
name: Roberts, A.
name: Couder, M.
name: Almaraz-Calderon, S.
name: Villano, A.
name: Talwar, R.
name: Alongi, A.
name: Tan, W.
name: Browne, J.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2012

description: The elements between iron and strontium are largely produced by the weak s-process occurring in massive stars during the late stages of convective core He burning and the convective shell carbon burning with the primary source of neutrons coming from the reaction 22Ne(α,n)25Mg. However, shell carbon burning may produce hot enough temperatures to activate 12C(12C,n)23Mg as a significant neutron source. Few studies have been done on this reaction, and the extrapolation from experimental data down to the relevant astrophysical energies is uncertain. Recent studies performed at the Nuclear Science Laboratory of Notre Dame aim to improve the existing reaction data using new experimental techniques as well as provide a more reliable extrapolation to the low energies not accessible by experiment. Preliminary results will be presented and the astrophysical implications will be discussed.
SWASTi-SW: Space Weather Adaptive SimulaTion framework for Solar Wind and its relevance to ADITYA-L1 mission
Creators: name: Mayank, Prateek
name: Vaidya, Bhargav
name: Chakrabarty, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar wind streams, acting as background, govern the propagation of space weather drivers in the heliosphere, which induce geomagnetic storm activities. Therefore, predictions of the solar wind parameters are the core of space weather forecasts. This work presents an indigenous three-dimensional (3D) Solar Wind model (SWASTi-SW). This numerical framework for forecasting the ambient solar wind is based on a well-established scheme that uses a semi-empirical coronal model and a physics-based inner heliospheric model. This study demonstrates a more generalized version of Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) relation, which provides a speed profile input to the heliospheric domain. Line-of-sight observations of GONG and HMI magnetograms are used as inputs for the coronal model, which in turn, provides the solar wind plasma properties at 0.1 AU. These results are then used as an initial boundary condition for the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model of the inner heliosphere to compute the solar wind properties up to 2.1 AU. Along with the validation run for multiple Carrington rotations, the effect of variation of specific heat ratio and study of stream interaction region (SIR) is also presented. This work showcases the multi-directional features of SIRs and provides synthetic measurements for potential observations from the Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS) subsystem of Aditya Solar wind Particle EXperiment (ASPEX) payload on-board ISRO's upcoming solar mission Aditya-L1.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS
Estimating the fossil disc mass during supermassive black hole mergers: the importance of torque implementation
Creators: name: Tazzari, Marco
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we revisit the issue of estimating the "fossil" disc mass in the circumprimary disc, during the merger of a supermassive black hole binary. As the binary orbital decay speeds up due to the emission of gravitational waves, the gas in the circumprimary disc might be forced to accrete rapidly and could in principle provide a significant electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational wave emission. Since the luminosity of such flare is proportional to the gaseous mass in the circumprimary disc, estimating such mass accurately is important. Previous investigations of this issue have produced contradictory results, with some authors estimating super-Eddington flares and large disc mass, while others suggesting that the "fossil" disc mass is very low, even less than a Jupiter mass. Here, we perform simple 1D calculations to show that such very low estimates of the disc mass are an artifact of the specific implementation of the tidal torque in 1D models. In particular, for moderate mass ratios of the binary, the usual formula for the torque used in 1D models significantly overestimates the width of the gap induced by the secondary and this artificially leads to a very small leftover circumprimary disc. Using a modified torque, calibrated to reproduce the correct gap width as estimated by 3D models, leads to fossil disc masses of the order of one solar mass. The rapid accretion of the whole circumprimary disc would produce peak luminosities of the order of 1-20 times the Eddington luminosity. Even if a significant fraction of the gas escapes accretion by flowing out the secondary orbit during the merger (an effect not included in our calculations), we would still predict close to Eddington luminosities that might be easily detected.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Kpc-scale Radio Structure in $z\sim0.25$ Radio-Quiet QSOs
Creators: name: McCaffrey, Trevor V
name: Kimball, Amy E
name: Momjian, Emmanuel
name: Richards, Gordon T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analysis of a homogeneous, optically selected, volume-limited ($0.2
description: 44 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Imaging of Orientation and Geometry in Microstructures: Development and Applications of High Energy X-ray Diffraction Microscopy
Creators: name: Shiu Fai Frankie Li
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-field High Energy X-ray Diffraction Microscopy (HEDM) is a synchrotron based imaging technique capable of resolving crystallographic orientation in a bulk, polycrystalline material non-destructively. Recent advances in data acquisition and analysis methods have led to micron-scale spatial resolution and ≤ 0.1º angular resolution of the measured volumetric orientation maps across millimeter sized samples. This is a significant improvement over the previous generation of three-dimensional X-ray techniques, which provides us with the access of statistically significant microstructure volumes. Combined with the use of state-of-the-art surface mesh generation algorithms, this markedly improved resolution results in the capability to directly measure geometrical evolution, such as grain boundary motion, and material deformation in the form of lattice rotations.
In this thesis, the algorithms and analysis methods recently developed for HEDM are discussed. This includes the descriptions of the robust geometrical extraction methods used for microstructure feature characterization. A set of validation tests for the Forward Modeling Method and the newly developed orientation reconstruction algorithm, the Stratified Monte Carlo Pruning method, is also detailed. By using HEDM to measure the annealing of high purity nickel, grain boundary motion for different boundary types are measured and presented. Moreover, the use of HEDM enabled us to observe the first ever spatially resolved lattice rotation in a high purity copper wire under uni-axial tension, thus demonstrating HEDM’s applicability to defected materials.
title: Insertion-Deletion with Substitutions II: About the Role of One-Sided Context
Creators: name: Vu, Martin
name: Fernau, Henning
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2023

description: We discuss substitution as a further type of operation, added to (in particular, one-sided) insertion-deletion systems and investigate the effect of such an addition. Does this operation increase the computational power of a given class of insertion-deletion systems and if so, by what extent does the computational power increase? With the help of substitutions, we obtain new characterizations of the classes of context-sensitive and recursively enumerable languages. We present new normal forms for type-0 grammars that could be of independent interest. Moreover, insertion-deletion-substitution systems can describe new families of languages that contain all regular languages or that are contained in the class of context-free languages.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 28, Numbers 1-3, 2023, 221-244
I2F: A Unified Image-to-Feature Approach for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Ma, Haoyu
name: Lin, Xiangru
name: Yu, Yizhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation is a promising task freeing people from heavy annotation work. However, domain discrepancies in low-level image statistics and high-level contexts compromise the segmentation performance over the target domain. A key idea to tackle this problem is to perform both image-level and feature-level adaptation jointly. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such unified approaches for UDA tasks in the existing literature. This paper proposes a novel UDA pipeline for semantic segmentation that unifies image-level and feature-level adaptation. Concretely, for image-level domain shifts, we propose a global photometric alignment module and a global texture alignment module that align images in the source and target domains in terms of image-level properties. For feature-level domain shifts, we perform global manifold alignment by projecting pixel features from both domains onto the feature manifold of the source domain; and we further regularize category centers in the source domain through a category-oriented triplet loss and perform target domain consistency regularization over augmented target domain images. Experimental results demonstrate that our pipeline significantly outperforms previous methods. In the commonly tested GTA5$\rightarrow$Cityscapes task, our proposed method using Deeplab V3+ as the backbone surpasses previous SOTA by 8%, achieving 58.2% in mIoU.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence(TPAMI)
White dwarf binaries Across the H-R Diagram
Creators: name: Anguiano, Borja
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Badenes, Carles
name: Daher, Christine Mazzola
name: Dixon, Don
name: Prieto, Carlos Allende
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Price-Whelan, Adrian M.
name: Beaton, Rachael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We created the APOGEE-GALEX-\emph{Gaia} catalog to study white dwarfs binaries. This database aims to create a minimally biased sample of WD binary systems identified from a combination of GALEX, {\it Gaia}, and APOGEE data to increase the number of WD binaries with orbital parameters and chemical compositions. We identify 3,414 sources as WD binary candidates, with nondegenerate companions of spectral types between F and M, including main sequence, main sequence binaries, subgiants, sub-subgiants, red giants, and red clump stars. Among our findings are (a) a total of 1,806 systems having inferred WD radii $R < 25$ R$_{\Earth}$, which constitute a more reliable group of WD binary candidates within the main sample; (b) a difference in the metallicity distribution function between WD binary candidates and the control sample of most luminous giants ($M_H < -3.0$); (c) the existence of a population of sub-subgiants with WD companions; (d) evidence for shorter periods in binaries that contain WDs compared to those that do not, as shown by the cumulative distributions of APOGEE radial velocity shifts; (e) evidence for systemic orbital evolution in a sample of 252 WD binaries with orbital periods, based on differences in the period distribution between systems with red clump, main sequence binary, and sub-subgiant companions and systems with main sequence or red giant companions; and (f) evidence for chemical enrichment during common envelope (CE) evolution, shown by lower metallicities in wide WD binary candidates ($P > 100$ days) compared to post-CE ($P < 100$ days) WD binary candidates.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ
Quadrupole moments of collective structures up to spin ̃65h in 157Er and 158Er: A challenge for understanding triaxiality in nuclei
Creators: name: Ragnarsson, I.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Judson, D.S.
name: Riedinger, L.L.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Chiara, C.J.
name: Ollier, J.
name: Revill, J.P.
name: Paul, E.S.
name: Petri, M.
name: Wang, X.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Lumley, N.M.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Rigby, S.V.
name: Unsworth, C.
name: Hartley, D.J.
name: Garg, U.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Boston, H.C.
name: Riley, M.A.
name: Matta, J.
name: Simpson, J.
name: Nolan, P.J.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2011

description: The transition quadrupole moments, Qt, of four weakly populated collective bands up to spin ̃65h in 157,158Er have been measured to be ̃11 eb demonstrating that these sequences are associated with large deformations. However, the data are inconsistent with calculated values from cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations that predict the lowest energy triaxial shape to be associated with rotation about the short principal axis. The data appear to favor either a stable triaxial shape rotating about the intermediate axis or, alternatively, a triaxial shape with larger deformation rotating about the short axis. These new results challenge the present understanding of triaxiality in nuclei.
Detailed investigation on x-ray emission from laser driven high-Z foils in a wide intensity range : role of conversion layer and reemission zone
Creators: name: Mishra, Gaurav
name: Ghosh, Karabi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed radiation hydrodynamic simulations are carried out to investigate x-ray emission process in four high-Z planar targets namely, tungsten (W), gold (Au), lead (Pb) and uranium (U) irradiated by 1 ns, 351 nm flat top laser pulses. A thorough zoning analysis is performed for all laser driven high-Z foils over a wide intensity range of $10^{12}-10^{15} W/cm^{2}$ with appropriately chosen photon energy range and recombination parameter. The resulting variation of conversion efficiency over the full intensity range exhibits an optimum for all materials which is explained by considering the characteristic emission contributions from two different regions of laser irradiated plasma, namely, conversion layer and remission zone. A new generalized single scaling relation based upon smooth broken power law is proposed for conversion efficiency variation along with the separate determination ($η_{S}$, $η_{M}$) in soft and hard/M-band x-ray regions. It has been observed that $η_{S}$ for Pb and W always lies in between that for Au and U for intensities smaller than $\sim 3\times 10^{13} W/cm^{2}$. On further increase in intensity, $η_{S}$ is observed to be maximum for Au and U whereas it is minimum for W. Significant contribution to M-band conversion efficiencies is observed in all elements for intensities higher than $\sim 2\times 10^{13} W/cm^{2}$ with maximum and minimum values attained by W and U, respectively. The results are explained by considering the contributions from the emission coefficients of all materials in both conversion layer and reemission zone up to corresponding photon cut-off energies at different laser intensities.
description: Submitted to Physics of Plasmas
Additional file 4 of Intrinsic variables associated with low back pain and lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers in cricket: a systematic review
Creators: name: Farhart, Patrick
name: Beakley, David
name: Diwan, Ashish
name: Duffield, Rob
name: Rodriguez, Elizabeth Pickering
name: Chamoli, Uphar
name: Watsford, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Presents definitions for intrinsic variables that have been associated with low back pain and lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers.
Non-yrast positive-parity structures in the γ-soft nucleus Er156
Creators: name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Petri, M.
name: Wang, X.
name: Ollier, J.
name: Judson, D.S.
name: Matta, J.
name: Riley, M.A.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Revill, J.P.
name: Rigby, S.V.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Riedinger, L.L.
name: Lumley, N.M.
name: Paul, E.S.
name: Boston, H.C.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Garg, U.
name: Unsworth, C.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Nolan, P.J.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Simpson, J.
name: Hartley, D.J.
name: Chiara, C.J.
name: Rees, J.M.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2011

description: Weakly populated band structures have been established in Er156 at low to medium spins, following the Cd114(Ca48,6nγ) reaction at 215 MeV. High-fold γ-ray coincidence data were recorded in a high-statistics experiment with the Gammasphere spectrometer. Bands built on the second 0+ and 2+ (γ-vibrational) states have been established. A large energy staggering between the even- and odd-spin members of the γ-vibrational band suggests a γ-soft nature of this nucleus. An additional band is discussed as being based on a rotationally aligned (νh9/2,f 7/2)2 structure, coexisting with the systematically observed, more favorable (νi13/2)2 aligned structure seen in this mass region.
title: Biotechnological production of bacterial cellulose
Creators: name: Yu, Haoru
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2025

description: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is highly pure and has unique properties such as flexibility, hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and a 3D network. This study investigated the effects of carbon source and cultivation conditions on BC production and structure. The most suitable carbon source was found to be fructose, and high BC concentrations were achieved under static and agitated cultures. NaOH and NaOCl solutions were effective in removing trapped cells, but high alkali concentrations led to structural damage of BC. A combination of weak NaOH and Nicoll was the most effective purification method that preserved the fibre structure and crystallinity of BC. In vitro gastrointestinal simulation showed that BC increased viscosity in the stomach but did not have prebiotic effects. Overall, BC has potential as a satiety food formulation.
Highly uniform and efficient, broadband meta-beam-splitter/combiner
Creators: name: Hemayat, Saeed
name: Hsu, Liyi
name: Ha, Jeongho
name: Ndao, Abdoulaye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Subwavelength planar structured interfaces, also known as metasurfaces, are ultra-thin optical elements modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of incident light using nanostructures called meta-atoms. The optical properties of such metasurfaces can be controlled across wavelengths by selecting geometries and materials of the meta-atoms. Given recent technological developments in optical device miniaturization, components for beam splitting and beam combining are sought for use within these devices as two quintessential components of every optical setup. However, realizing such devices using metasurfaces typically leads to poor uniformity of diffraction orders and narrow-band operation. Using a modified version of particle swarm optimization, we propose and numerically demonstrate a broadband, reciprocal metasurface beam combiner/splitter with uniformity>97% and diffraction efficiency>90% in the continuous band from λ=1525 nm to λ=1575 nm. The proposed approach significantly extends the current state of the art of metasurfaces design in terms of uniformity, bandwidth, and efficiency and opens the door for devices requiring high power or near-unit uniformity.