Pauropsylla triozoptera Crawford 1913
Creators: name: Percy, Diana M.
name: Butterill, Philip T.
name: Malenovský, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Triozidae
Pauropsylla
Pauropsylla triozoptera

description: Pauropsylla triozoptera Crawford, 1913
(Figures 3F, 5G – H)
Pauropsylla triozoptera Crawford, 1913: 296; Yang et al. (2013): 46.
Sympauropsylla triozoptera (Crawford), Enderlein (1921): 116.
Neotrioza triozoptera (Crawford), Li (2011): 1315.
Material examined
9 ♂, 4 ♀, 2 5th instars, Ohu village, Madang Province, PNG, 11 April 1995, (hand collecting/beating) hatched from leaf galls ex Ficus trachypison, Y. Basset leg. (MMBC); 4 5th instars (+ 4 larvae of Lepidoptera ‘ commensal ’), same data as previous but 11 January 1995, from galls on mature leaves; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, Baitabag village, Madang Province, PNG, March 1996, ex Ficus trachypison (TRA 3), V. Novotný leg. (MMBC). 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Laguna College, Laguna, Philippines, 10 June 1976, leaf galls ex Ficus ulmifolia, R. Braza leg. (BMNH); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Davao Experiment Station, Philippines, March 1964, traps air level, M. Gavarra leg. (BMNH); 2 ♂, 4 ♀, same data as previous but January 1964 (BMNH); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, same data as previous but traps ground level, October – December 1961 (BMNH). 1 5th instar, 5 1st – 2nd instars, Taiwan (22.0499°N, 120.8576°E, 150 m), 30 January 2010, dissected from galls ex Ficus cf. ampelas, D. Percy leg. (BMNH).
Comments
This species is widespread in eastern Asia. We report the first records for PNG, Madang Province, on Ficus trachypison (Moraceae). All known Pauropsylla are gall inducing. This species shares with Pauropsylla udei a galling habit on Ficus in PNG, but there are notable morphological differences between the two species, including the male terminalia illustrated in Figure 5 (G, I); the head structure (illustrated by Uichanco 1921); antennae with three rhinaria on segment 3 and a single rhinarium on segments 4, 6, 8 and 9 (the latter associated with a very long seta as long as segment 10) in P. triozoptera, versus only four on segments 4, 6, 8 and 9 (associated with a short seta) in P. udei; metatibia with three apical spurs in P. triozoptera versus four (2 + 2) in P. udei, and the female terminalia. The immatures can also be differentiated primarily by the large distinctly shaped circumanal pore area in P. triozoptera (Figure 6H, and illustrated by Yang 1984) versus much reduced anus lacking circumanal pore area in P. udei. Genetic divergence between the two species is high (mitochondrial DNA divergence> 20%).
Host plants
Ficus tinctoria (= F. gibbosa), F. ulmifolia and possibly F. ampelas in Taiwan (Yang 1984; Hodkinson 1986; Yang et al. 2013), F. trachypison (new record) in PNG.
Biology
Dissected galls from PNG (on F. trachypison) and from Taiwan (on F. cf. ampelas) contained a single immature per gall. As described below for P. udei, some noticeable variation in gall phenotype within this species was found. All galls produced by P. triozoptera are enclosed galls on the leaf blade, but in PNG the gall exterior is covered in spine-like trichomes, whereas in Taiwan the galls are smooth, without trichomes (Figure 3F). Furthermore, the shape of the galls in Taiwan is narrowly conical, and in PNG it is globular or broadly conical (bell-shaped), produced on the upper adaxial leaf surface; on some leaves from PNG, mature galls appear to fuse, forming an irregular bumpy mass in which individual galls are difficult to distinguish. In PNG, the galls on F. trachypison may be parasitized by a species of Braconidae (an adult braconid was present in the sample together with the gall). Parasitization of gall-inducing psyllids by Braconidae has been reported for Pauropsylla braconae Li, 2000 in Li et al., 2000 on Ficus hainanensis in China (Yunnan) (Li et al. 2000). In Taiwan, a 5th instar was found parasitized by Psyllaephagus sp. (Encyrtidae, det. J. Noyes, BMNH).
Distribution
Taiwan (Yang 1984; Li 2011; Yang et al. 2013), Japan: mainland, Ryukyu Islands (Hodkinson 1983, 1986), Indonesia: Java (Hodkinson 1986), Philippines (Crawford 1913; Hodkinson 1983, 1986), PNG (new record), Fiji (Hodkinson 1983, 1986).
Gene sequences
GenBank: KT588303 (COI), KT588309 (cytB) (TAI83 – 10).
description: Published as part of Percy, Diana M., Butterill, Philip T. & Malenovský, Igor, 2015, Three new species of gall-forming psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Papua New Guinea, with new records and notes on related species, pp. 1073-1101 in Journal of Natural History 50 (17 - 18) on pages 1085-1089, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1104394, http://zenodo.org/record/3990431