cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Search for top-squark pairs decaying into Higgs or Z bosons in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for supersymmetry through the direct pair production of top squarks, with Higgs (H) or Z bosons in the decay chain, is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns. The search is performed using a selection of events containing leptons and bottom-quark jets. No evidence for a significant excess of events over the standard model background prediction is observed. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair production of a heavier top-squark mass eigenstate stop[2] decaying to a lighter top-squark mass eigenstate stop[1] via either stop[2] to H stop[1] or stop[2] to Z stop[1], followed in both cases by stop[1] to t neutralino, where neutralino is an undetected, stable, lightest supersymmetric particle. The interpretation is performed in the region where the mass difference between the stop[1] and neutralino states is approximately equal to the top-quark mass (m[stop[1]] - m[neutralino] ~= m[t]), which is not probed by searches for direct stop[1] squark pair production. The analysis excludes top squarks with masses m[stop[2]] < 575 GeV and m[stop[1]] < 400 GeV at a 95% confidence level.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Reconstructing the extended structure of multiple sources strongly lensed by the ultra-massive elliptical galaxy SDSS J0100+1818
Creators: name: Bolamperti, A.
name: Grillo, C.
name: Cañameras, R.
name: Suyu, S. H.
name: Christensen, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the total and baryonic mass distributions of the deflector SDSS J0100+1818 through a full strong lensing analysis. The system is composed by an ultra-massive early-type galaxy at $z=0.581$, with total stellar mass of $(1.5 \pm 0.3) 10^{12}$ M$_\odot$ and stellar velocity dispersion of ($450 \pm 40$) km s$^{-1}$, surrounded by ten multiple images of three background sources, two of which spectroscopically confirmed at $z=1.880$. We take advantage of high-resolution HST photometry and VLT/X-shooter spectroscopy to measure the positions of the multiple images and perform a strong lensing study with the software GLEE. We test different total mass profiles for the lens and model the background sources first as point-like and then as extended objects. We successfully predict the positions of the observed multiple images and reconstruct over approximately 7200 HST pixels the complex surface brightness distributions of the sources. We measure the cumulative total mass profile of the lens and find a total mass value of $(9.1 \pm 0.1) 10^{12}$ M$_\odot$, within the Einstein radius of approximately 42 kpc, and stellar-over-total mass fractions ranging from ($49 \pm 12$)%, at the half-light radius ($R_e = 9.3$ kpc) of the lens galaxy, to ($10 \pm 2$)%, in the outer regions ($R = 70$kpc). These results suggest that the baryonic mass component of SDSS J0100+1818 is very concentrated in its core and that the lens early-type galaxy/group is immersed in a massive dark matter halo. This is consistent with what found in other ultra-high mass candidates at intermediate redshift. We measure also the physical sizes of the distant sources, resolving them down to a few hundreds of parsec. Finally, we quantify and discuss a relevant source of systematic uncertainties on the reconstructed sizes of background galaxies, associated to the adopted lens total mass model.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures
Plight in the Pacific: A Story from the Era of the Republic of Hawaii
Creators: name: Quion, Christian James A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fiction, Hawaii, History, 1890s, Third-person

description: Plight in the Pacific: A Story from the Era of the Republic of Hawaii is a third-person narrative novel that takes place on the Hawaiian Islands in 1895.  Two Native Hawaiians, Elizabeth P. Naukana and Makoa Kalili, head to Honolulu after a Hawai'i Island sugar baron, George Hodgson, seizes the land of Elizabeth's family by force.  Hodgson, upon finding out about the two and their purpose, tries to stop them with enforcers from his remorseless plantation police.  Elizabeth and Makoa must dodge Hodgson's men and beware of who they can trust as they travel the islands and Honolulu while facing an uncertain future.
The documented histories of Hawai'i and the US during the 19th century heavily influence this story through the contexts, cultures, and attitudes present.  For example, Hodgson is a descendant of New England missionaries and despises native practices such as the Hula because they are "barbaric."  Tied with the above, I wrote this story to combine both my knowledge of Hawaiian history and my ability to write fictional stories.  I also want my readers to be able to see themselves in history and learn about its paradigms, such as how people become products of their circumstances.
Analysis of the effects of the mutation of selected genes of pedilanthus leaf curl virus on infectivity, symptoms and the maintenance of tobacco leaf curl betasatellite
Creators: name: Iqbal, Zafar
name: Shafiq, Muhammad
name: Mansoor, Shahid
name: Briddon, Rob W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) is a widely encountered monopartite begomovirus with a wide host range that usually associates with a betasatellite. The cloned PeLCV used was highly infectious to Nicotiana benthamiana plants by agroinoculation and symptoms were enhanced by co-inoculation with tobacco leaf curl betasatellite (TbLCB). The study investigated the effects of the mutation of the coat protein (CP), V2, C2 and C4 genes of PeLCV on infectivity, symptoms and maintenance of TbLCB in N. benthamiana. Mutation of the CP abolished infectivity of PeLCV, which was not rescued by co-inoculation with TbLCB. Mutation of the V2 gene severely reduced infectivity that, in a small number of plants, was rescued by TbLCB, resulting in plants with very mild symptoms. Mutation of the C2 or V4 genes led to a significant reduction in virus infectivity, but also to non-symptomatic infections. Co-inoculation of either mutant with TbLCB led to a greater number of plants infected but fewer plants ultimately maintained the betasatellite, compared with inoculation of the betasatellite with the wild-type virus, indicating that the C2 and C4 proteins play a role in the maintenance of the betasatellite. For the C2 mutation, but not the C4 mutation, the presence of the betasatellite also resulted in mild symptoms. The results here, in conjunction with earlier studies, highlight commonalities as well as differences for the effects of gene mutations and interactions with betasatellites of different begomoviruses, indicating that begomovirus--betasatellite interaction is highly nuanced.
Detection of the relaxation rates of an interacting quantum dot by a capacitively coupled sensor dot
Creators: name: Schulenborg, Jens
name: Splettstoesser, Janine
name: Governale, Michele
name: Contreras-Pulido, L. Debora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of the detection of the decay time scales for a single-level quantum dot by means of a capacitively coupled sensor dot, which acts as an electrometer. We investigate the measurement back-action on the quantum-dot decay rates and elucidate its mechanism. We explicitly show that the setup can be used to measure the bare quantum-dot relaxation rates by choosing gate pulses that minimize the back-action. Interestingly, we find that besides the charge relaxation rate, also the rate associated to the fermion parity in the dot can be accessed with this setup.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Anomalous magneto-thermoelectric behavior in massive Dirac materials
Creators: name: Li, Yanan
name: Wang, Huichao
name: Wang, Jingyue
name: Wang, Chunming
name: Liu, Yanzhao
name: Ge, Jun
name: Niu, Jingjing
name: Zhang, Wenjie
name: Wang, Pinyuan
name: Bi, Ran
name: Zhang, Jinglei
name: Dai, Ji Yan
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
name: Mandrus, David
name: Samarth, Nitin
name: Lu, Haizhou
name: Wu, Xiaosong
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive studies of electron transport in Dirac materials have shown positive magneto-resistance (MR) and positive magneto-thermopower (MTP) in a magnetic field perpendicular to the excitation current or thermal gradient. In contrast, measurements of electron transport often show a negative longitudinal MR and negative MTP for a magnetic field oriented along the excitation current or thermal gradient; this is attributed to the chiral anomaly in Dirac materials. Here, we report a very different magneto-thermoelectric transport behavior in the massive Dirac material ZrTe5. Although thin flakes show a commonly observed positive MR in a perpendicular magnetic field, distinct from other Dirac materials, we observe a sharp negative MTP. In a parallel magnetic field, we still observe a negative longitudinal MR, however, a remarkable positive MTP is observed for the fields parallel to the thermal gradients. Our theoretical calculations suggest that this anomalous magneto-thermoelectric behavior can be attributed to the screened Coulomb scattering. This work demonstrates the significance of impurity scattering in the electron transport of topological materials and provides deep insight into the novel magneto-transport phenomena in Dirac materials.
Dense cores in galaxies out to z=2.5 in SDSS, UltraVISTA, and the five 3D-HST/CANDELS fields
Creators: name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: van der Wel, Arjen
name: Nelson, Erica June
name: Momcheva, Ivelina
name: Skelton, Rosalind E.
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Schreiber, Natascha M. Forster
name: Fumagalli, Mattia
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Leja, Joel
name: Marchesini, Danilo
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Oesch, Pascal
name: Wuyts, Stijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dense interiors of massive galaxies are among the most intriguing environments in the Universe. In this paper we ask when these dense cores were formed and determine how galaxies gradually assembled around them. We select galaxies that have a stellar mass >3x10^10 Msun inside r=1 kpc out to z=2.5, using the 3D-HST survey and data at low redshift. Remarkably, the number density of galaxies with dense cores appears to have decreased from z=2.5 to the present. This decrease is probably mostly due to stellar mass loss and the resulting adiabatic expansion, with some contribution from merging. We infer that dense cores were mostly formed at z>2.5, consistent with their largely quiescent stellar populations. While the cores appear to form early, the galaxies in which they reside show strong evolution: their total masses increase by a factor of 2-3 from z=2.5 to z=0 and their effective radii increase by a factor of 5-6. As a result, the contribution of dense cores to the total mass of the galaxies in which they reside decreases from ~50% at z=2.5 to ~15% at z=0. Because of their early formation, the contribution of dense cores to the total stellar mass budget of the Universe is a strong function of redshift. The stars in cores with M_1kpc>3x10^10 Msun make up ~0.1% of the stellar mass density of the Universe today but 10%-20% at z~2, depending on their IMF. The formation of these cores required the conversion of ~10^11 Msun of gas into stars within ~1 kpc, while preventing significant star formation at larger radii.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 20 pages, 16 figures
Neutron detection and application with a novel 3D-projection scintillator tracker in the future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments
Creators: name: Gwon, S.
name: Granger, P.
name: Yang, G.
name: Bolognesi, S.
name: Cai, T.
name: Danilov, M.
name: Delbart, A.
name: De Roeck, A.
name: Dolan, S.
name: Eurin, G.
name: Razakamiandra, R. F.
name: Fedotov, S.
name: Aguirre, G. Fiorentini
name: Flight, R.
name: Gran, R.
name: Ha, C.
name: Jung, C. K.
name: Jung, K. Y.
name: Kettell, S.
name: Khabibullin, M.
name: Khotjantsev, A.
name: Kordosky, M.
name: Kudenko, Y.
name: Kutter, T.
name: Maneira, J.
name: Manly, S.
name: Caicedo, D. A. Martinez
name: Mauger, C.
name: McFarland, K.
name: McGrew, C.
name: Mefodev, A.
name: Mineev, O.
name: Naples, D.
name: Olivier, A.
name: Paolone, V.
name: Prasad, S.
name: Riccio, C.
name: Rondon, J. Rodriguez
name: Sgalaberna, D.
name: Sitraka, A.
name: Siyeon, K.
name: Skrobova, N.
name: Su, H.
name: Suvorov, S.
name: Teklu, A.
name: Tzanov, M.
name: Valencia, E.
name: Wood, K.
name: Worcester, E.
name: Yershov, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino oscillation experiments require a precise measurement of the neutrino energy. However, the kinematic detection of the final-state neutron in the neutrino interaction is missing in current neutrino oscillation experiments. The missing neutron kinematic detection results in a feed-down of the detected neutrino energy compared to the true neutrino energy. A novel 3D\textcolor{black}{-}projection scintillator tracker, which consists of roughly ten million active cubes covered with an optical reflector, is capable of measuring the neutron kinetic energy and direction on an event-by-event basis using the time-of-flight technique thanks to the fast timing, fine granularity, and high light yield. The $\barν_μ$ interactions tend to produce neutrons in the final state. By inferring the neutron kinetic energy, the $\barν_μ$ energy can be reconstructed better, allowing a tighter incoming neutrino flux constraint. This paper shows the detector's ability to reconstruct neutron kinetic energy and the $\barν_μ$ flux constraint achieved by selecting the charged-current interactions without mesons or protons in the final state.
Observation of spin-valley-coupling-induced large spin-lifetime anisotropy in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Leutenantsmeyer, J. C.
name: Ingla-Aynes, J.
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: van Wees, Bart J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: spintronics, graphene
subject: 530 Physik

description: We report the first observation of a large spin-lifetime anisotropy in bilayer graphene (BLG) fully encapsulated between hexagonal boron nitride. We characterize the out-of-plane (τ⊥) and in-plane (τ∥) spin lifetimes by oblique Hanle spin precession. At 75 K and the charge neutrality point (CNP), we observe a strong anisotropy of τ⊥/τ∥=8±2. This value is comparable to graphene–transition-metal-dichalcogenide heterostructures, whereas our high-quality BLG provides with τ⊥ up to 9 ns, a spin lifetime more than 2 orders of magnitude larger. The anisotropy decreases to 3.5±1 at a carrier density of n=6×1011 cm−2. Temperature-dependent measurements show above 75 K a decrease of τ⊥/τ∥ with increasing temperature, reaching the isotropic case close to room temperature. We explain our findings with electric-field-induced spin-valley coupling arising from the small intrinsic spin-orbit fields in BLG of 12 μeV at the CNP.
Social Essentialism and the Caste System
Creators: name: Kenderla, Praveen Kumar
name: Peretz-Lange, Rebecca
name: Mandalaywala, Tara M
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social Psychology

description: Essentialism plays a role in promoting prejudice toward low-status groups (Mandalaywala et al., 2017; Rhodes & Mandalaywala, 2017) and policies against low-status groups (Roberts et al., 2017; Yalcinkaya et al., 2017), by leading people to conceive of social hierarchies as natural. To date, this has mostly been studied in Western contexts. Open questions remain about whether this extends to other cultural contexts, where different forms of hierarchy exist and have different cultural narratives associated with them, as well as how these processes differ amongst members of dominant versus subordinate groups. In this project, we explore these questions in the context of India's caste system.
Spoke formation in low temperature ExB plasmas. Transition from gradient-drift instability to ionization wave
Creators: name: Boeuf, J P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long wavelength plasma non-uniformities rotating in the azimuthal direction ("rotating spokes") have been observed in a number of experiments on Hall thrusters or magnetron discharges. We use a two-dimensional (2D), axial-azimuthal Particle-In-Cell Monte Carlo Collisions (PIC-MCC) model to study the formation of instabilities in a direct current (dc) magnetron discharge under conditions close to recent experiments. In spite of the simplified 2D geometry of the model, the simulations can reproduce the main features of the experimental results. At a given position above the cathode, corresponding to the spoke location, the simulations show large amplitude oscillations of the plasma density and a very sharp increase of the plasma potential and electron temperature at the leading edge of the spoke, as in time resolved probe measurements. Moreover, the simulations show that the instability evolves in time from a gradient-drift type of instability in the linear phase, to an ionization wave in the non-linear phase, with rotation in the +ExB direction in the first phase and in the -ExB direction in the second phase. The number of spokes is found to increase with pressure, as in experiments. The mechanisms of electron heating and the role of the Bx$\nabla$B drift in electron heating and in the coherence and direction of spoke rotation are discussed.
The Statistics of Vacuum Geometry
Creators: name: Duncan, Melissa
name: Gu, Wei
name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Zhou, Da
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the vacuum moduli space of supersymmetric gauge theories en masse by probing the space of such vacua from a statistical standpoint. Using quiver gauge theories with ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetry as a testing ground, we sample over a large number of vacua as algebraic varieties, computing explicitly their dimension, degree and Hilbert series. We study the distribution of these geometrical quantities, and also address the question of how likely it is for the moduli space to be Calabi-Yau.
description: 34 pages, 13 tables, 6 figures
How to design a reliable and practical biomarker: The Electrophysiologic Coefficient of Depressiveness - δEPCD
Creators: name: Milić, Jelena
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This letter to editor contains an overview of commentary article in which the authors explain how they designed the novel biomarker. The Electrophysiologic Coefficient of Depressiveness – δEPCD detects the presence of a depressive disorder while being able to quantify its severity. This biomarker follows vital function – high frequency heart rate variability in relation with neuroactive metabolic components - concentration ratio between quinolinic acid, and kynurenine acid and it is both sensitive and specific in regard to depressive disorders. Diagnostics of depressive disorders could be improved by checking this novel biomarker and/or re-assessment of individuals who might have depression as well as in rising the awareness about the depressive disorders’ prevalence and treatment. So far biomarkers have been classified as dynamic (descriptive) or static (prognostic). With this new complex biomarker, that comprises potentials of both categories, we might be able to introduce a new category – a physiological biomarker. Physiological biomarkers should not have exclusive application within the depressive disorder, but the future research should identify more physiological biomarkers related to other diseases. However, the findings need further evidence procuring new information regarding diagnostics of depressive disorders. Though it presents a novel methodology which would add to a biomarkers research, more specifically type-classification, lack of clear and concise protocol regarding clinical interpretation and a consistent administrative structure and/or logistics to perform the measurements are present. For this reason, further research in different settings and on a larger sample size are necessary.
Der Zusammenhang von Resilienz und protektiven Faktoren bei der Berufswahl von Jugendlichen im Förderschwerpunkt Lernen: Eine empirische Untersuchung in München und Umgebung
Creators: name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: In diesem Beitrag wird eine Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs von Resilienz, protektiven Faktoren und dem Berufswahlverhalten von 91 Abschlussschülern mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf im Förderschwerpunkt Lernen vorgestellt. Die Daten zur Berufswahlvorbereitung, zur Resilienz und zu den protektiven Faktoren wurden deskriptiv mittels eines dafür entwickelten Fragebogens in den Abschlussklassen von sieben Förderschulen in München und Umgebung erhoben. Wichtige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der weitere Weg nach der Schule meist in ein Berufsvorbereitungsjahr (45,1%) führt und dass die Anzahl der Bewerbungen zwischen null (44,4%) und einem bis fünf Schreiben (38,5%) liegt. Des Weiteren besteht ein positiv linearer Zusammenhang zwischen Resilienz, protektiven Faktoren und der Selbsteinschätzung zur Berufswahl. In Bezug auf eine Änderung der Selbsteinschätzung zur Berufswahl hatte die Resilienz einen großen Effekt, die protektiven Faktoren einen geringen Effekt. Als Helfer in der Berufswahl nannten die Jugendlichen vor allem Lehrkraft und
Repeating periodic eruptions of the supernova impostor SN 2000ch
Creators: name: Aghakhanloo, Mojgan
name: Smith, Nathan
name: Milne, Peter
name: Andrews, Jennifer E.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Jencson, Jacob E.
name: Sand, David J.
name: Van Dyk, Schuyler D.
name: Wyatt, Samuel
name: Zheng, WeiKang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse photometric observations of the supernova (SN) impostor SN 2000ch in NGC 3432 covering the time since its discovery. This source was previously observed to have four outbursts in 2000-2010. Observations now reveal at least three additional outbursts in 2004-2007, and sixteen outbursts in 2010-2022. Outburst light curves are irregular and multipeaked, exhibiting a wide variety of peak magnitude, duration, and shape. The outbursts after 2008 repeat with a period of 200.7$\pm{2}$ d, while the outburst in 2000 seems to match with a shorter period. The next outburst should occur around January/February 2023. We propose that these periodic eruptions arise from violent interaction around times of periastron in an eccentric binary system, similar to the periastron encounters of $η$ Carinae leading up to its Great Eruption, and resembling the erratic pre-SN eruptions of SN 2009ip. We attribute the irregularity of the eruptions to the interplay between the orbit and the variability of the luminous blue variable (LBV) primary star, wherein each successive periastron pass may have a different intensity or duration due to the changing radius and mass-loss rate of the LBV-like primary. Such outbursts may occasionally be weak or undetectable if the LBV is relatively quiescent at periastron, but can be much more extreme when the LBV is active. The observed change in orbital period may be a consequence of mass lost in outbursts. Given the similarity to the progenitor of SN 2009ip, SN 2000ch deserves continued attention in the event it is headed for a stellar merger or a SN-like explosion.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, MNRAS accepted
Sleep measurement tools, circadian strategies, and dietary factors pertaining to sleep in athletes and non-athletes
Creators: name: Miller, Dean
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified

description: Obtaining sufficient sleep is important for humans to maintain optimal performance. This is especially true for elite athletes striving to improve performance while contending with unique stimuli that may impact their sleep (e.g., training, competition, travel). Measurement tools, countermeasures, and/or strategies that can be used to mitigate factors that negatively affect sleep are of great interest to athletes, coaches, and practitioners. This dissertation addresses (1) the validity of a wearable device to measure sleep; (2) the impact of evening exercise modality on sleep; (3) the effectiveness of strategies to facilitate circadian adaptation following transmeridian travel; and (4) the effectiveness of combined nutritional ingredients on sleep.
The influence of persuasion in opinion formation and polarization
Creators: name: La Rocca, C. E.
name: Braunstein, L. A.
name: Vazquez, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a model that explores the influence of persuasion in a population of agents with positive and negative opinion orientations. The opinion of each agent is represented by an integer number $k$ that expresses its level of agreement on a given issue, from totally against $k=-M$ to totally in favor $k=M$. Same-orientation agents persuade each other with probability $p$, becoming more extreme, while opposite-orientation agents become more moderate as they reach a compromise with probability $q$. The population initially evolves to (a) a polarized state for $r=p/q>1$, where opinions' distribution is peaked at the extreme values $k=\pm M$, or (b) a centralized state for $r<1$, with most opinions around $k=\pm 1$. When $r \gg 1$, polarization lasts for a time that diverges as $r^M \ln N$, where $N$ is the population's size. Finally, an extremist consensus ($k=M$ or $-M$) is reached in a time that scales as $r^{-1}$ for $r \ll 1$.
Attitudes of Student Teachers and Teachers Towards Integration: A Short Survey in Bavaria/Germany
Creators: name: Scholz, M.
name: Gebhardt, Markus
name: Tretter, T.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: The study focuses on attitudes of teachers and student teachers in the field of Special Education in Bavaria towards integration of children with disabilities in regular schools. The results show support for the idea of coeducation. The degree of agreement seems to be influenced by the subject in which people majored in during their studies. Fifty-eight point eight percent of the student teachers majoring in learning disabilities show general agreement, whereas only 37.2 % of the group majoring intellectual disabilities do. Most teachers in the field of Special Education (55.9 %) think integration has a positive impact on school development. 78.8 % (teachers) to 96.3 % (students majoring in intellectual disabilities) share the opinion that the coeducation of children would work well.
Modelling Solar Energetic Neutral Atoms from Solar Flares and CME-driven Shocks
Creators: name: Li, Gang
name: Shih, Albert Y.
name: Allen, Robert C.
name: Ho, George
name: Cohen, Christina M. S.
name: Desai, Mihir
name: Dayeh, Maher A.
name: Mason, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in solar flares and CME-driven shocks and their subsequent propagation to 1 au. Time profiles and fluence spectra of solar ENAs at 1 au are computed for two scenarios: 1) ENAs are produced downstream at CME-driven shocks, and 2) ENAs are produced at large-scale post-flare loops in solar flares. Both the time profiles and fluence spectra for these two scenarios are vastly different. Our calculations indicate that we can use solar ENAs as a new probe to examine the underlying acceleration process of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and to differentiate the two accelertion sites: large loops in solar flares and downstream of CME-driven shocks, in large SEP events.
description: 11 pages, updated figures and paper is accepted by ApJ
Accelerating physics-informed neural network based 1D arc simulation by meta learning
Creators: name: Zhong, Linlin
name: Wu, Bingyu
name: Wang, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have a wide range of applications as an alternative to traditional numerical methods in plasma simulation. However, in some specific cases of PINN-based modeling, a well-trained PINN may require tens of thousands of optimizing iterations during training stage for complex modeling and huge neural networks, which is sometimes very time-consuming. In this work, we propose a meta-learning method, namely Meta-PINN, to reduce the training time of PINN-based 1-D arc simulation. In Meta-PINN, the meta network is first trained by a two-loop optimization on various training tasks of plasma modeling, and then used to initialize the PINN-based network for new tasks. We demonstrate the power of Meta-PINN by four cases corresponding to 1-D arc models at different boundary temperatures, arc radii, arc pressures, and gas mixtures. We found that a well-trained meta network can produce good initial weights for PINN-based arc models even at conditions slightly outside of training range. The speed-up in terms of relative L2 error by Meta-PINN ranges from 1.1x to 6.9x in the cases we studied. The results indicate that Meta-PINN is an effective method for accelerating the PINN-based 1-D arc simulation.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
Quantum states in disordered media. I. Low-pass filter approach
Creators: name: Gebhard, F.
name: Nenashev, A. V.
name: Meerholz, K.
name: Baranovskii, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current burst in research activities on disordered semiconductors calls for the development of appropriate theoretical tools that reveal the features of electron states in random potentials while avoiding the time-consuming numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Among various approaches suggested so far, the low-pass filter approach of Halperin and Lax (HL) and the so-called localization landscape technique (LLT) have received most recognition in the community. We prove that the HL approach becomes equivalent to the LLT for the specific case of a Lorentzian filter when applied to the Schrödinger equation with a constant mass. Advantageously, the low-pass filter approach allows further optimization beyond the Lorentzian shape. We propose the global HL filter as optimal filter with only a single length scale, namely, the size of the localized wave packets. As an application, we design an optimized potential landscape for a (semi-)classical calculation of the number of strongly localized states that faithfully reproduce the exact solution for a random white-noise potential in one dimension.
Partition Information and its Transmission over Boolean Multi-Access Channels
Creators: name: Wu, Shuhang
name: Wei, Shuangqing
name: Wang, Yue
name: Vaidyanathan, Ramachandran
name: Yuan, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel partition reservation system to study the partition information and its transmission over a noise-free Boolean multi-access channel. The objective of transmission is not message restoration, but to partition active users into distinct groups so that they can, subsequently, transmit their messages without collision. We first calculate (by mutual information) the amount of information needed for the partitioning without channel effects, and then propose two different coding schemes to obtain achievable transmission rates over the channel. The first one is the brute force method, where the codebook design is based on centralized source coding; the second method uses random coding where the codebook is generated randomly and optimal Bayesian decoding is employed to reconstruct the partition. Both methods shed light on the internal structure of the partition problem. A novel hypergraph formulation is proposed for the random coding scheme, which intuitively describes the information in terms of a strong coloring of a hypergraph induced by a sequence of channel operations and interactions between active users. An extended Fibonacci structure is found for a simple, but non-trivial, case with two active users. A comparison between these methods and group testing is conducted to demonstrate the uniqueness of our problem.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, major revision
Quantum states in disordered media. II. Spatial charge carrier distribution
Creators: name: Nenashev, A. V.
name: Baranovskii, S. D.
name: Meerholz, K.
name: Gebhard, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The space- and temperature-dependent electron distribution $n(\mathbf r,T)$ is essential for the theoretical description of the opto-electronic properties of disordered semiconductors. We present two powerful techniques to access $n(\mathbf r,T)$ without solving the Schrödinger equation. First, we derive the density for non-degenerate electrons by applying the Hamiltonian recursively to random wave functions (RWF). Second, we obtain a temperature-dependent effective potential from the application of a universal low-pass filter (ULF) to the random potential acting on the charge carriers in disordered media. Thereby, the full quantum-mechanical problem is reduced to the quasi-classical description of $n(\mathbf r,T)$ in an effective potential. We numerically verify both approaches by comparison with the exact quantum-mechanical solution. Both approaches prove superior to the widely used localization landscape theory (LLT) when we compare our approximate results for the charge carrier density and mobility at elevated temperatures obtained by RWF, ULF, and LLT with those from the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation.
Intermediate energy four-body breakup calculations for 22C
Creators: name: Kucuk, Y.
name: Tostevin, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heaviest particle-bound carbon isotope, $^{22}$C, is thought to have a Borromean three-body structure. We discuss and compare four-body, i.e. three-body projectile plus target, reaction model calculations of reaction cross sections for such systems that use the fast adiabatic approximation. These methods are efficient and well-suited for quantitative analyses of reactions of neutron-rich nuclei with light target nuclei at secondary beam energies of $\approx$300 MeV/nucleon, as are now becoming available. We compare the predictions of the adiabatic model of the reaction both without and when including the additional eikonal approximation that has been used extensively. We show that the reaction cross section calculations have only limited sensitivity to the size and structure of $^{22}$C and that the differences arising from use of the eikonal approximation of the reaction mechanism are of a similar magnitude.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Heterogene Gruppen in mathematischen Grundfertigkeiten. Eine explorative Erkundung der Fähigkeiten im Grundrechnen in Integrationsklassen der 5. Schulstufe
Creators: name: Gebhardt, Markus
name: Schwab, S.
name: Schaupp, H.
name: Gasteiger-Klicpera, B.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Mathematik-Schulleistungen von 179 SchülerInnen aus acht Grazer Integrationsklassen am Ende der 5. Schulstufe untersucht. Ziel der Studie war es, anhand der Leistungen aller SchülerInnen (mit und ohne sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf SPF) im Eggenberger Rechentest ERT4+ einen Überblick über die Fähigkeiten im Grundrechnen in Integrationsklassen im städtischen Bereich zu gewinnen. Die SchülerInnen mit SPF erreichten erwartungsgemäß im Schnitt niedrigere Werte in den Subtests des ERT4+ als die SchülerInnen ohne SPF. Jedoch hatten auch mehr als 30% der SchülerInnen ohne SPF im Grundrechnen große Schwierigkeiten. Zusätzlich zu den Rechenleistungen wurden noch weitere Variablen, wie kognitive Fähigkeiten der Kinder (IQ), Alter, Geschlecht, Migrationshintergrund und kulturelles Kapital der Herkunftsfamilie erfasst. In hierarchischen Regressionsanalysen zeigte sich, dass die Leistungen im Subtest „Zahlenreihen“ (Verständnis für das Stellenwertsystem) hauptsächlich durch die Prädiktoren SPF und IQ sowie zu einem geringeren Anteil durch das Geschlecht aufgeklärt wurden und die Leistungen in den Grundrechenarten ebenfalls durch die Prädiktoren SPF und IQ. Die anderen erwähnten Variablen erbrachten keine darüber hinausgehende Varianzaufklärung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die enorme Heterogenität der Leistungen von SchülerInnen in städtischen Integrationsklassen im Bereich der Grundschulmathematik und verdeutlichen den hohen Unterstützungsbedarf von SchülerInnen mit SPF, aber auch von einzelnen SchülerInnen ohne SPF und die daraus resultierende große didaktische Herausforderung für das LehrerInnenteam.
Does the BICEP2 Observation of Cosmological Tensor Modes Imply an Era of Nearly Planckian Energy Densities?
Creators: name: Ho, Chiu Man
name: Hsu, Stephen D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BICEP2 observations, interpreted most simply, suggest an era of inflation with energy densities of order ($10^{16}\, {\rm GeV})^4$, not far below the Planck density. However, models of TeV gravity with large extra dimensions might allow a very different interpretation involving much more modest energy scales. We discuss the viability of inflation in such models, and conclude that existing scenarios do not provide attractive alternatives to single field inflation in four dimensions. Because the detection of tensor modes strengthens our confidence that inflation occurred, it disfavors models of large extra dimensions, at least for the moment.
description: 4 pages, v3: version to appear in JHEP
Utility and Privacy in Generating Synthetic Social Science Data
Creators: name: Sun, Chang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: synthetic data
generative ai
generation
data sharing
data privacy
deep learning

description: Modern computational social science aims to gain insights into the human experience by utilizing various data sources and methods. However, the sensitivity of both qualitative and quantitative data concerning individuals due to privacy concerns and data protection issues hinders the greatest use of social science data. One promising approach to tackle this challenge is to generate synthetic social science data that is structurally and statistically similar to the real data. The synthetic data will be useful in the exploratory research phase to determine the usability of the real data for answering specific research questions. In this work, we collaborated with NRO, CBS, and SURF (OSSC) to generate realistic and privacy-preserving synthetic data using cognitive student data from CBS. We advanced the basic Generaive Adversarial Network model by consisting four components including transformation, sampling, conditioning, and networking training with differential privacy. The generator was designed to capture the relations between variables in real data and simulate the same relations in the synthetic data. To motivate the generator to create diverse and representative synthetic data, we apply Wasserstein distances with gradient penalty and then group the training samples in the discriminator. Finally, we provide a privacy guarantee through a differential privacy approach that injects Gaussian noise into the penalty gradients in the training process. Under a certain differential privacy threshold, the synthetic data will not leak sensitive information originating in the source data. We evaluated the quality of the synthetic data by comparing the analyses results on real and synthetic data and assessed the privacy risk using information disclosure meatures and attacker models. We found that stronger protection of privacy reduces quality of the synthetic data in terms of similarity to the original data, and consequently becomes less "useful" as a direct proxy to those data. Therefore, this work also discussed the trade-off between data utility and privacy in generating and using synthetic data in practical application in social science.
Optimized Control of a Novel DC/3AC Converter Topology with Reduced Component Effort
Creators: name: Axtmann, Christian
name: Kolb, J.
name: Braun, Michael
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2018
Subjects: Adjustable speed drive
Control methods for electrical systems
Converter control
Power converters for EV

description: A previously proposed traction converter topology can reduce component effort and converter volume by decreasing the pulsed voltage across the DC-converter inductance. However, the maximum voltage across the machine phases then becomes a function of the DC source voltage. In this paper, an optimization is presented to ensure a constant maximum phase voltage over a wide source voltage spread.
Varying alpha, blinding, and bias in existing measurements
Creators: name: Lee, Chung-Chi
name: Webb, John K.
name: Carswell, Robert F.
name: Dzuba, Vladimir A.
name: Flambaum, Victor V.
name: Milaković, Dinko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high resolution spectrograph ESPRESSO on the VLT allows measurements of fundamental constants at unprecedented precision and hence enables tests for spacetime variations predicted by some theories. In a series of recent papers, we developed optimal analysis procedures that both exposes and eliminates the subjectivity and bias in previous quasar absorption system measurements. In this paper we analyse the ESPRESSO spectrum of the absorption system at z_{abs}=1.15 towards the quasar HE0515-4414. Our goal here is not to provide a new unbiased measurement of fine structure constant, alpha, in this system (that will be done separately). Rather, it is to carefully examine the impact of blinding procedures applied in the recent analysis of the same data by Murphy (2022) and prior to that, in several other analyses. To do this we use supercomputer Monte Carlo AI calculations to generate a large number of independently constructed models of the absorption complex. Each model is obtained using AI-VPFIT, with alpha fixed until a "final" model is obtained, at which point alpha is then released as a free parameter for one final optimisation. The results show that the "measured" value of alpha is systematically biased towards the initially-fixed value i.e. this process produces meaningless measurements. The implication is straightforward: to avoid bias, all future measurements must include alpha as a free parameter from the beginning of the modelling process.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, and 5 tables. Submitted to MNRAS 1 Dec 2022
Unions of regular polygons with large perimeter-to-area ratio
Creators: name: Kiss, Viktor
name: Vidnyánszky, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: T. Keleti asked, whether the ratio of the perimeter and the area of a finite union of unit squares is always at most 4. In this paper we present an example where the ratio is greater than 4. We also answer the analogous question for regular triangles negatively and list a number of open problems.
Electric strings in non-Abelian theories
Creators: name: Vachaspati, Tanmay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find electric string solutions in Yang-Mills-Higgs theory.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. v2: title changed; corrected error in parameter range (solution only exists for $\lambda < g^2/4$) and revised discussion accordingly; included explicit check of the solution in supplemental material