cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Failed Gamma-Ray Bursts: Thermal UV/Soft X-ray Emission Accompanied by Peculiar Afterglows
Creators: name: Xu, M.
name: Nagataki, S.
name: Huang, Y. -F.
name: Lee, S. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the photospheres of "failed" Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), whose bulk Lorentz factors are much lower than 100, can be outside of internal shocks. The resulting radiation from the photospheres is thermal and bright in UV/Soft X-ray band. The photospheric emission lasts for about one thousand seconds with luminosity about several times 10^46 erg/s. These events can be observed by current and future satellites. It is also shown that the afterglows of failed GRBs are peculiar at the early stage, which makes it possible to distinguish failed GRBs from ordinary GRBs and beaming-induced orphan afterglows.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Process-Orchestrated Software: Towards a Workflow Approach to the Coordination of Distributed Systems
Creators: name: Valetto, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science

description: Distributed workflow supports collaborative processes composed of activities, in which the synchronization and coordination of the activities and the people having a part in them (the stakeholders of the process) is an essential characteristic. Workflow is based on the concept of a process model,describing the process to be followed, and on facilities (collectively termed the process enactment engine) for supporting and guiding the work of stakeholders according to that model. Distributed workflow technology nowadays provides many of the necessary paradigms, techniques and tools to support the management of complex, dynamic and decentralized business practices, their stakeholders, and their processes. There are a number of dimensions concurring to workflow distribution, which interact - and sometimes conflict - with one other in various, complex ways, such as distribution of the workflow information, the workflow actors, tools employed to carry out the work, and the work itself Complete decentralization of WF along all of its distribution dimensions is still a challenge. On the other hand approaches and techniques that have been established for and have become typical of distributed workflow show great potential towards the coordination of various kinds of distributed software systems, which require the execution of some kind of process: two important domains are the run-time monitoring and control of functional and non-functional properties of the components of a distributed system, and the dynamically determined cooperation within a group of software agents towards some common goal. This proposal intends to investigate the characteristics of those software coordination problems and how they can be tackled with distributed workflow models and techniques. We intend to carry out our investigation in the light of a case study directed towards process-aware provision of multimedia services and information to groups of dispersed users carrying out teamwork, including the automated workflow-based management of an advanced architecture for broadcasting and streaming video and audio, on the basis of available network and system resources. The case study can be also seen as a particular example within a more generic distributed system scenario,i.e. the continual validation of generic distributed applications. The scale of distribution is that of global dispersion of processes, software components,stakeholders, and data. Thus, we are going to experiment with a set of techniques and mechanisms, which address those aspects at the global networking scale, and whose integration within a globally decentralized workflow management system will help reconciling the various distributed dimensions of workflow, as well as resolving diverse distributed coordination problems.
Mechanical dressing of diamond grinding wheels – Investigations into the dressability of metallically bonded diamond grinding wheels
Untersuchungen zum Abrichtverhalten metallisch gebundener Diamantwerkzeuge : Mechanisches Abrichten von Diamantschleifscheiben
Creators: name: Denkena, Berend
name: Bergmann, Benjamin
name: Wilckens, Michael
Publisher: name: Düsseldorf : VDI Fachmedien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fertigungstechnik
subject: Forschung
subject: Werkzeugschleifen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: The production of PCBN indexable inserts with commonly used vitrified grinding wheels is very wear-intensive. The IFW Hannover therefore developed metal-bonded grinding wheels to enable higher grinding ratios due to the high grain retention forces of metal bonds. However, the higher strength of this type of bond negatively affects the dressing process. This publication presents approaches for mechanical profiling of such grinding wheels.
description: Die Bearbeitung von PCBN-Wendeschneidplatten mit keramisch gebundenen Schleifscheiben führt zu erhöhtem Schleifscheibenverschleiß. Am IFW Hannover wurden daher metallisch gebundene Werkzeuge entwickelt, um durch ihre mechanischen Eigenschaften eine höhere Schleifgüte zu ermöglichen. Die höhere Festigkeit dieser Bindung erhöht jedoch den Abrichtaufwand. In diesem Beitrag werden Ansätze zum mechanischen Profilieren dieser Schleifscheiben vorgestellt.
Unified Messaging using SIP and RTSP
Creators: name: Singh, Kundan
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science

description: Traditional answering machines and voice mail services are closed systems, tightly coupled to a single end system,the local PBX or local exchange carrier. Even simple services, such as forwarding voice mail to another user outside the local system, are hard to provide. With the advent of Internet telephony, we need to provide voice and video mail services. This also offers the opportunity to address some of the shortcomings of existing voice mail systems. We list general requirements for a multimedia mail system for Internet telephony. We then propose an architecture using SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) and compare various alternative approaches to solving call forwarding, reclaiming and retrieval of messages. We also briefly describe our prototype implementation.
Two-body scattering states in Minkowski space and the Nakanishi integral representation onto the null plane
Creators: name: Frederico, Tobias
name: Salmè, Giovanni
name: Viviani, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nakanishi perturbative integral representation of the four-dimensional T-matrix is investigated in order to get a workable treatment for scattering states, solutions of the inhomogeneous Bethe-Salpeter Equation, in Minkowski space. The projection onto the null-plane of the four-dimensional inhomogeneous Bethe-Salpeter Equation plays a key role for devising an equation for the Nakanishi weight function (a real function), as in the homogeneous case that corresponds to bound states and it has been already studied within different frameworks. In this paper, the whole formal development is illustrated in detail and applied to a system, composed by two massive scalars interacting through the exchange of a massive scalar. The explicit expression of the scattering integral equations are also obtained in ladder approximation, and, as simple applications of our formalism, some limiting cases, like the zero-energy limit and the Wick-Cutkosky model in the continuum, are presented.
description: 57 pages. To be published in Phys. Rev. D
Combining Mobile Agents and Process-based Coordination to Achieve Software Adaptation
Creators: name: Valetto, Giuseppe
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: We have developed a model and a platform for end-to-end run-time monitoring, behavior and performance analysis, and consequent dynamic adaptation of distributed applications. This paper concentrates on how we coordinate and actuate the potentially multi-part adaptation, operating externally to the target systems, that is, without requiring any a priori built-in adaptation facilities on the part of said target systems. The actual changes are performed on the fly onto the target by communities of mobile software agents, coordinated by a decentralized process engine. These changes can be coarse-grained, such as replacing entire components or rearranging the connections among components, or fine-grained, such as changing the operational parameters, internal state and functioning logic of individual components. We discuss our successful experience using our approach in dynamic adaptation of a large-scale commercial application, which requires both coarse and fine grained modifications.
Skeletal Rigidity of Phylogenetic Trees
Creators: name: Cheng, Howard
name: Devadoss, Satyan L.
name: Li, Brian
name: Risteski, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 05C05, 52C25, 92B10

description: Motivated by geometric origami and the straight skeleton construction, we outline a map between spaces of phylogenetic trees and spaces of planar polygons. The limitations of this map is studied through explicit examples, culminating in proving a structural rigidity result.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Slavery and Serfdom in Muscovy and the Russian Empire
Creators: name: Nolte, Hans-Heinrich
name: Smolarz, Elena
Publisher: name: Cham : Springer International Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::900 | Geschichte und Geografie

description: This chapter aims to assess forms of strong asymmetric social dependency in early modern Russia, especially with respect to slaves, servants, and serfs, as well as institutionalized bondage and its imperial legislation and local practices. Based on legal documents and administrative records, the legal status of kholopy (servants/slaves) and krepostnye (serfs) will be elaborated. Special attention will be paid to the circumstances of entry into dependent social status, to the living and working conditions, and to possibilities for upward social mobility or even release. In order to grasp the “continuum of dependency,” textual articulation of dependencies and their historical semantics as well as institutional norms and regional practices will be considered.
The demographic, economic and health fabric of mining communities in British Columbia, Canada
Creators: name: Shandro, Janis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A significant number of communities in British Columbia (BC) are founded on mineral development and are subject to variable economic boom-and-bust cycles with implications for sustainability and community health. There were three main objectives of this multi-method PhD dissertation. The first was to quantitatively examine community level indicators describing economic, sustainability, and demographic characteristics (gained from Canadian Census data) of 31 BC rural resource based communities (with a focus on mining communities) during a period of time (1991 to 2001) when BC resource sectors experienced an economic downturn. The second was to assess the relationship between exposure to declining economic conditions and acute cardiovascular disease, chronic cardiovascular disease, and mental health outcomes in 29 BC rural resource-based using Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey data and Ministry of Health data over the same time period, again with a focus on mining. The third objective was to qualitatively investigate the experiences of health and social service providers using interviews, with respect to community health issues and the boom-bust mining cycle in a Northern remote coal mining community in British Columbia. During the decade under study, demographic and economic indicators indicated that mining communities were dependent on, and vulnerable to, economic activities and identified the need to strategize the sustainability of mining communities in British Columbia. Health data indicated that declining and bust economic conditions had a significant negative impact on the prevalence of acute cardiovascular disease and mental disorders in mining communities. Qualitative data revealed that the mining boom-bust cycle had negative effects on community health issues, and community health service provision. This dissertation concludes by proposing strategic opportunities aimed at the enhancement of mining community health and sustainability for policy-makers, communities, the mining industry and researchers to consider.
Renewable energy in oil-intensive jurisdictions : a comparative study of wind energy growth in Texas and Alberta
Creators: name: Amigo, Jorge
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The state of Texas has experienced an enormous growth in its wind energy sector in recent years. By contrast, growth in Alberta’s wind sector has remained comparatively moderate. This study seeks to explain what has caused this relative lag in wind energy development. To do so, this thesis addresses two questions: first why did two similar sub-national jurisdictions adopt very different policies for wind energy development? Second, did these policies result in asymmetric growth of wind power capacity between Texas and Alberta? On the first question, this thesis argues that a combination of decades-old policy decisions and natural resource endowments played a central role in prompting Texas legislators, but not their counterparts in Alberta, to adopt renewable energy mandates. Specifically, a shortage of coal in Texas led to an increased reliance on imported coal in the 1990s, which became a source of concern for Texas officials who had long pursued a policy of energy independence. With near unanimous support from diverse sectors and on the recommendation of state officials, Texas legislators adopted a Renewable Portfolio Standard to mandate development of alternate sources of electricity. Although Alberta also has long pursued a policy of energy independence, the province’s coal industry supplies all of the coal needed for electricity production. Therefore, with weaker incentives to pursue renewable energy and stronger reasons to protect the local coal industry, Alberta politicians have not pursued strong policies to promote renewables. On the second question, this thesis argues that Texas benefited from both a Renewable Portfolio Standard and a generous federal tax credit for renewables. The renewables mandate served to initiate interest in wind energy by forcing utilities to produce energy from renewables, while the tax credit made wind more attractive to investors by making it more competitive with other sources of energy. In the case of Alberta, a weaker federal financial incentive together with a lack of a provincial renewables mandate has kept the wind industry from experiencing comparable growth.
From Fast to Last: The Japanese Economy in the 1990s
Creators: name: Sato, Kazuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Economics

description: Japan is the first country that achieved the economic miracle of rapid growth. From stellar performance in the 1960s, it shifted to slow-growth (1975-90) but it still maintained the highest growth, and lowest inflation, among G7 economies. However, in the 1990s it had the lowest growth rate among the G7. This stagnation is due to three major factors. The first factor is the short-term reaction to the over-expansion of the economy in the late 1980s. The financial sector still is struggling with the aftermath of the bubble. The second factor is the on-going contraction of manufacturing. Manufacturing drove Japan's growth, especially productivity growth, but now employment is falling in that sector. The third factor is long-term changes in the population structure, specifically, the rapid aging of the population and the low level of the birth rate. All these changes have serious macroeconomic effects on the economy. If the Japanese economy is to be revitalized, an intensive and extensive overhaul is required, urgently. If Japan does not succeed at this task, its future will be dismal.
Direct CP violation in two-body hadronic charmed meson decays
Creators: name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent observation of CP violation in the charm sector by LHCb, we study direct CP asymmetries in the standard model (SM) for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed two-body hadronic decays of charmed mesons using the topological-diagram approach. In this approach, the magnitude and the phase of topological weak annihilation amplitudes which arise mainly from final-state rescattering can be extracted from the data. Consequently, direct CP asymmetry $a_{dir}^{\rm (tree)}$ at tree level can be reliably estimated. In general, it lies in the range $10^{-4}
description: 19 pages, 2 figures; typos corrected
Barleria obtecta Dominique Champluvier 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Champluvier, Dominique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Acanthaceae
Barleria
Barleria obtecta

description: Barleria obtecta Champl., sp. nov. Barleriae velutinae Champl. similis sed propter calycis lobos integros nec dentatos et corollam cum lobos rotundatos-obovatos nec ellipticos bene differt – Type: D.R.Congo, District du Haut-Katanga, Mitwaba, Desenfans 730 (holo-: BRLU). Suffrutescent plant 50–70 cm high. Stem densely hairy. Lamina of the leaves elliptic, coriaceous, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2 cm, cuneate to subrounded at the base, obtuse at the tip, with up to 5 lateral ascendent nerves, glabrous to sparsely hairy above, silky-villous below, sessile or subsessile; bracts three or four times narrower than the leaves; calyx lobes elliptic, papery, entire, densely silky, posterior and anterior one about 2.3 × 1.2 cm, lateral ones lanceolate, 1.5 cm long; corolla 3 cm long, glandular outside, without upper lobes and with three orbicular-obovate lower lobes 15 × 16 mm and with a cylindrical tube 15 mm long, 3–4 mm wide at the throat. Stamens not seen at anthesis, anthers 4 mm long in bud; style about 25 mm long. Capsule black, ellipsoid-oblong, 27 mm long and 10 mm wide, apparently 2-seeded (Desenfans 663). Fig. 1. Distribution – Species from the Zambezian centre of endemism. Endemic from Katanga. Fig. 4. Other collections examined – D.R.Congo: District du Haut-Katanga, Sokele, Desenfans 663 (BRLU); s.l. Desenfans 676 (BRLU). Habitat – Not given.
description: Published as part of Dominique Champluvier, 2011, New and overlooked Acanthaceae taxa from D. R. Congo, Rwanda and Burundi: (1) the genus Barleria, pp. 82-95 in Plant Ecology and Evolution 144 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.2011.388, http://zenodo.org/record/1486150
Polycameras: Camera Clusters for Wide Angle Imaging
Creators: name: Swaminathan, Rahul
name: Nayar, Shree K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present the idea of a polycamera which is defined as a tightly packed camera cluster. The cluster is arranged so as to minimize the overlap between adjacent views. The objective of such clusters is to be able to image a very large field of view without loss of resolution. Since these clusters do not have a single viewpoint, analysis is provided on the effects of such non-singularities. We also present certain configurations for polycameras which cover varying fields of view. We would like to minimize the number of sensors required to capture a given field of view. Therefore we recommend the use of wide-angle sensors as opposed to traditional long focal length sensors. However, such wide-angle sensors tend to have severe distortions which pull points towards the optical center. This paper also proposes a method for recovering the distortion parameters without the use of any calibration objects. Since distortions cause straight lines in the scene to appear as curves in the image, our algorithm seeks to find the distortion parameters that would map the image curves to straight lines. The user selects a small set of points along the image curves. Recovery of the distortion parameters is formulated as the minimization of an objective function which is designed to explicitly account for noise in the selected image points. Experimental results are presented for synthetic data with different noise levels as well as for real images. Once calibrated, the image stream from a wide angle camera can be undistorted in real time using look up tables. Finally, we apply our distortion correction technique to a polycamera made of four wide-angle cameras to create a high resolution 360 degree panorama in real-time.
Complexity of Linear Programming
Creators: name: Traub, Joseph F.
name: Wozniakowski, Henryk
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: Computer science

description: The complexity of linear programming is discussed in the "integer" and "real number" models of computation. Even though the integer model is widely used in theoretical computer science, the real number model is more useful for estimating an algorithm's running time in actual computation. Although the ellipsoid algorithm is a polynomial-time algorithm in the integer model, we prove that it has unbounded complexity in the real number model. We conjecture that there exists no polynomial-time algorithm for the linear inequalities problem in the real number model. We also conjecture that linear inequalities are strictly harder than linear equalities in all "reasonable" models of computation.
Climate Consumption and Climate Pricing from 1940 to 1990
Creators: name: Cragg, Michael
name: Kahn, Matthew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: Compensating differentials studies have consistently found that temperate climate is capitalized into local wages and rents. This paper extends earlier single cross-section by studying the evolution of climate expenditure over time by estimating the same climate compensating differentials model every decade from 1960 to 1990. Over this time period, per capita expenditure on climate has increased ( particularly for the elderly). This increase is explained by both a rise in consumption and also a dramatic shift in climate price capitalization. From 1960 to 1990 there has been a large two-and-a-third increase in climate prices capitalized into rents and moderate 60 percent decline in climate prices capitalized into wages. Overall elderly households are paying much more for climate while the price paid by working households has roughly remained constant.
The Relationship Between Solar Radio and Hard X-ray Emission
Creators: name: White, Stephen M.
name: Benz, Arnold O.
name: Christe, Steven
name: Farnik, Frantisek
name: Kundu, Mukul R.
name: Mann, Gottfried
name: Ning, Zongjun
name: Raulin, Jean-Pierre
name: Silva-Valio, Adriana V. R.
name: Saint-Hilaire, Pascal
name: Vilmer, Nicole
name: Warmuth, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review discusses the complementary relationship between radio and hard X-ray observations of the Sun using primarily results from the era of the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager satellite. A primary focus of joint radio and hard X-ray studies of solar flares uses observations of nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission at radio wavelengths and bremsstrahlung hard X-rays to study the properties of electrons accelerated in the main flare site, since it is well established that these two emissions show very similar temporal behavior. A quantitative prescription is given for comparing the electron energy distributions derived separately from the two wavelength ranges: this is an important application with the potential for measuring the magnetic field strength in the flaring region, and reveals significant differences between the electrons in different energy ranges. Examples of the use of simultaneous data from the two wavelength ranges to derive physical conditions are then discussed, including the case of microflares, and the comparison of images at radio and hard X-ray wavelengths is presented. There have been puzzling results obtained from observations of solar flares at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, and the comparison of these results with corresponding hard X-ray data is presented. Finally, the review discusses the association of hard X-ray releases with radio emission at decimeter and meter wavelengths, which is dominated by plasma emission (at lower frequencies) and electron cyclotron maser emission (at higher frequencies), both coherent emission mechanisms that require small numbers of energetic electrons. These comparisons show broad general associations but detailed correspondence remains more elusive.
description: This is an article prepared for a monograph on the physics of solar flares, inspired by RHESSI observations. The chapters appear as individual articles in Space Science Reviews (2011)
Strategic Mass Killings
Creators: name: Esteban, Joan
name: Morelli, Massimo
name: Rohner, Dominic
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: We provide a model of conflict and mass killing decisions, to identify the key variables and situations that make mass killings more likely to occur. We predict that mass killings are most likely in countries with large amounts of natural resources, institutional constraints regarding rent sharing, and low productivity of labor in other sectors. The role of resources like oil, gas and diamonds and other key determinants of mass killings is confirmed by our empirical results based on country level as well as ethnic group level analysis.
Blind Compensation of Impairments in Wireless Transceivers
Creators: name: Aziz, Mohsin
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: Modern wireless communication systems suffer from hardware imperfections that degrade the quality of transmission signals and make the detection of signal quite difficult at the receiver. This thesis focuses on the gain and phase imbalances caused by the modulators and demodulators and nonlinearity stemming from the transmitter power amplifier. Broadly, the contribution of this thesis is two folds: Blind solutions to mitigate the above mentioned hardware impairments of the wireless link through the proposal of a methodology based on the derivation of closed form expressions for the probability density functions (PDFs) of the signals in the presence of these impairments. In this regards, firstly, a PDF in the presence of modulator’s and demodulator’s in-phase and quadrature phase imbalances has been derived and validated. A maximum likelihood estimation of the imbalance parameters has been proposed to mitigate these imperfections. The proposed methodology has been evaluated using extensive simulations and measurements. To evaluate the static performance of the proposed methodology, 10 KHz modulated signal has been used. Measurement results show that an image rejection of greater than 30 dB can be achieved. For a larger bandwidth signal of 1 MHz, around 19 dB improvement in NMSE can be achieved using the proposed methodology, as compared to the uncompensated case. Secondly, a closed form PDF in the presence of gain and phase imbalances and the transmitter’s power amplifier nonlinearity has been derived and validated. A cumulative distribution function-based methodology has been adopted to mitigate the effects of power amplifier’s amplitude distortions. For the modulator’s impairments, a maximum likelihood estimation of the imbalance parameters has been used to estimate and compensate for the modulator’s imperfections. Using measurements, for a 3 MHz LTE signal, a normalized mean squared error and an error vector magnitude of -35 dB and 1.5% can be achieved, respectively.
Functional Fibonacci to a Fast FPGA
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Computer science

description: Through a series of mechanical transformation, I show how a three-line recursive Haskell function (Fibonacci) can be translated into a hardware description language -- VHDL -- for efficient execution on an FPGA. The goal of this report is to lay the groundwork for a compiler that will perform these transformations automatically, hence the development is deliberately pedantic.
Energy saving during pulp screening through addition of A-PAM
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Ayesha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Pulp screening is an important operation in the manufacture of pulp and paper industry. Through the pulp screening process, low quality pulp and other contaminates are removed to form high quality pulp stream. However, this process consumes a significant amount of electrical energy. Turbulent fluid exerts frictional drag on all solid bodies present in the flow. Drag can be reduced in various ways that will consequently diminish the pumping and pulp processing cost. The frictional drag of turbulent flow can be dramatically reduced by dissolving a minute amount of long-chained polymer in water. Unfortunately, the mechanism of Drag reduction by polymer additives with pulp is poorly understood. In this work, the effect of polymer additives and surface contour modification on turbulent drag reduction in a pressure screen was studied with 0%, 1% and 2% pulp concentration. Drag reduction was measured for Northern Bleached Kraft Pulp in presence of APAM with a rotational speed of up to 1600rpm. Three different rotor power capacities were studied in presence of pulp, polymer additives and pulp with polymer additives for three different feed flow rates. Four different polymer concentrations were used during the experiment. 1% consistency pulp with 100 ppm polymer in EP rotor shows effective drag reduction of than 1% pulp consistency alone. At highest tip speed 15.43m/s drag reduction of EP rotor for 455 l/min flow rates of 1% consistency pulp with 100 ppm polymer is 38%±0.9%. Additionally, a rotor having longitudinal ribs in the stream wise direction is studied. Literature shows that up to a 40% drag reduction [1] can occur by riblets along the stream wise direction in a turbulent flow regime with polymer additives. In this study, a ribs rotor having s⁺=30 , the spacing between two ribs is 2.3mm, height of the ribs is 1.15mm and thickness is 0.5mm was studied. Hydraulically smooth rotor takes less power than rib rotor for water and pulp solution. Riblet geometry increases drag reduction at tip speed 10m/s to 90%±3.4% for 455l/min flow rate in presence of 100ppm A-PAM with 2% consistency pulp.
Turnout and Power Sharing
Creators: name: Herrera, Helios
name: Morelli, Massimo
name: Palfrey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Voter turnout
subject: Voting research--Mathematical models
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Differences in electoral rules and/or legislative, executive or legal institutions across countries induce different mappings from election outcomes to distributions of power. We explore how these different mappings affect voters' participation in a democracy. Assuming heterogeneity in the cost of voting, the effect of such institutional differences on turnout depends on the distribution of voters' preferences for the parties: when the two parties have similar support, turnout is higher in a winner-take-all system than in a power sharing system; the result is reversed when one side has a larger base. The results are robust to a wide range of modeling approaches, including the instrumental voting model, ethical voter models, and voter mobilization models. Findings from laboratory experiments provide empirical support for most of the theoretical predictions.
Determinants of Physical Activity in a Cohort of Prostate Cancer Survivors
Creators: name: Stone, Chelsea Rose
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: physical activity
subject: Prostate cancer
subject: Determinants
subject: Epidemiology

description: Background: Physical activity has been shown to improve overall health, improve cancer outcomes and reduce all-cause mortality as well as prostate cancer specific mortality after diagnosis, however a cancer diagnosis can often cause a change in physical activity patterns. Current guidelines recommend 150 minutes per week of physical activity and the determinants of meeting these guidelines before and after a prostate cancer diagnosis are widely unknown. Objectives: Our first objective was to examine the determinants of meeting physical activity guidelines at pre-diagnosis and three time-points post-diagnosis. Our second objective was to examine the determinants of patterns of meeting guidelines from pre-diagnosis to two years post-diagnosis. The final objective was to examine determinants of patterns of long-term physical activity behaviours from pre-diagnosis to an average measure of post-diagnosis physical activity. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 830 prostate cancer patients who participated in a population-based case-control study between November 1997 and December 2000 in Alberta, Canada. Pre-diagnosis activity levels were self-reported at diagnosis and again at three time points post-diagnosis. Demographic, quality of life and lifestyle variables were collected by questionnaires, while medical chart abstractions were performed to capture clinical variables. Results: Active smoking status, poor physical health and rural living location were commonly found to be statistically significantly associated with failing to meet physical activity guidelines in cross-sectional analyses and in analyses examining patterns of behaviour from pre- to post-diagnosis. Conclusions: Demographic, health and lifestyle variables are associated with meeting or not meeting physical activity guidelines from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis. Programming should be aimed at offering survivors support to overcome determinants associated with decline in physical activity patterns.
Fractional Order Phase Shaper Design with Routh's Criterion for Iso-damped Control System
Creators: name: Saha, Suman
name: Das, Saptarshi
name: Ghosh, Ratna
name: Goswami, Bhaswati
name: Gupta, Amitava
name: Balasubramanian, R.
name: Chandra, A. K.
name: Das, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Phase curve of an open loop system is flat in nature if the derivative of phase with respect to frequency is zero. With a flat phase curve, the corresponding closed-loop system exhibits an iso-damped property i.e. maintains constant overshoot with the change of gain and with other parametric variations. In recent past application, fractional order (FO) phase shapers have been proposed by contemporary researchers to achieve enhanced parametric robustness. In this paper, a simple Routh tabulation based methodology is proposed to design an appropriate FO phase shaper to achieve phase flattening in a control loop, comprising a system, controlled by a classical PID controller. The method is demonstrated using MATLAB simulation of a second order DC motor plant and also a first order with time delay system.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; Proceedings of INDICON 2009 - An IEEE India Council Conference, art. no. 5409434, Dec. 2009, Gujarat
Local Average Error
Creators: name: Wasilkowski, Grzegorz W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An average case setting for linear problems has been studied in a series of recent papers. Optimal algorithms and optimal information were obtained for certain probability measures. In this paper the local average error of algorithms and local average radius of information are defined. Using these concepts, optimal information and optimal algorithms can be found for nonlinear problems and arbitrary Borel measures.
New Exact Solutions of Quadratic Curvature Gravity
Creators: name: Gurses, Metin
name: Sisman, Tahsin Cagri
name: Tekin, Bayram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a known fact that the Kerr-Schild type solutions in general relativity satisfy both exact and linearized Einstein field equations. We show that this property remains valid also for a special class of the Kerr-Schild metrics in arbitrary dimensions in generic quadratic curvature theory. In addition to the AdS-wave (or Siklos) metric which represents plane waves in an AdS background, we present here a new exact solution, in this class, to the quadratic gravity in D-dimensions which represents a spherical wave in an AdS background. The solution is a special case of the Kundt metrics belonging to spacetimes with constant curvature invariants.
description: 20 pages, references added, typos corrected, Appendix B improved, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Self-Regulation and the Sanctuary Strategy: Competitive Advantage through Domestic Cooperation by Japanese Firms
Creators: name: Schaede, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Commerce

description: In a "sanctuary strategy", a firm uses restraints to competition in its home market to create a profit cushion that allows it to compete forcefully in foreign markets. This paper argues that self-regulation by industry associations is an important domestic prerequisite of a successful sanctuary strategy. Therefore, by studying the situation of self-regulation and cooperation within Japanese industry associations, we can identify predictors of a sanctuary strategy and study one example of the competitive effects of cooperation among companies. The paper builds on a data set containing 1153 Japanese industry associations to, first, test standard notions of cooperation and collusion as suggested by the economics of industrial organization, adapted to the context of industry associations. Next, the paper develops new hypotheses to analyze whether internal features of industry association organization predict the likelihood of self-regulation. The paper suggests specific variables that can be used for analysis, and concludes that as self-regulation increases in Japan, so may the sanctuary strategies employed by Japanese firms.
Remote Sensing of Local Warming and Its Application Over Alberta
Creators: name: Rahaman, Khan Rubayet
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: climate change
subject: air temperature normal
subject: earth observation
subject: data fusion
subject: MODIS
subject: Landsat
subject: Geography
subject: Remote Sensing
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: The effects of a changing climate (i.e., temperature in particular) vary and will continue to vary significantly from global to local level. Changes of temperature at global and regional scale are somehow defined by using several models and simulations. However, temperature change at local scales (i.e., community or local government level) are not well defined and needs particular attention to address future adaptation policies in the face of climate change. For instance, this thesis is built on a hypothesis that temperature does vary locally in comparison to the predicted models at the regional and global scales. To address this critical issue, this study sets up the goal to delineate local warming maps using satellite-borne remote sensing data at 15 m spatial resolution. In doing so, firstly, 1 km spatial resolution warming map is prepared in the whole province of Alberta for 1961-2010 time period using MODIS-derived 8-days composite images at 1 km spatial resolution. Secondly, to enhance the spatial resolution of derived 1 km warming map, data fusion technique is used from Landsat-8 OLI-derived data to generate high spatial resolution EVI, NDVI, and NDWI. Finally, long-term warming trend map is produced at 15m spatial resolution to represent the changes of temperature normals (i.e., 1961-2010 time period) as a final outcome. Results have demonstrated that the proposed methods of delineating high spatial resolution local warming map has strong accuracy while comparing with the climate station-derived temperature data (r2 = 0.80 in case of 1961-1990; and r2 = 0.78 in case of 1981-2010). Similarly, while comparing the results of warming trend maps derived at 1 km and 15 m spatial resolution, outcomes have proved strong relationship too (r2 = 0.96 in case of 1961-1990; r2 = 0.95 in case of 1981-2010). Finally, this study explicitly brings the notion that of local level warming map can be produced at high spatial resolution and can be critical for local governments to initiate future policies depending on evidence in future climate change adaptation planning.
Balanced ternary addition using a gated silicon nanowire
Creators: name: Mol, J. A.
name: van der Heijden, J.
name: Verduijn, J.
name: Klein, M.
name: Remacle, F.
name: Rogge, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the proof of principle for a ternary adder using silicon metal-on-insulator single electron transistors (SET). Gate dependent rectifying behavior of a single electron transistor results in a robust three-valued output as a function of the potential of the SET island. Mapping logical, ternary inputs to the three gates controlling the potential of the SET island allows us to perform complex, inherently ternary operations, on a single transistor.
Associations between the Neighbourhood Built Environment and Walking
Creators: name: Farkas, Brenlea Jenelle Marie
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: built environment
subject: walking
subject: physical activity
subject: urban planning
subject: neighbourhood
subject: Canada
subject: Public Health

description: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for overweight and obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, and breast/colon cancer. Despite the known benefits of physical activity, many Canadian adults do not achieve the recommended levels of physical activity necessary to obtain optimal health. Evidence suggests that built characteristics within neighbourhoods are associated with physical activity, and in particular walking. There is growing policy interest in neighbourhood interventions to increase physical activity, specifically walking, suggesting the need for a synthesis of Canadian evidence to better inform local urban planning. There were two main aims of this thesis. The first was to provide a better understanding of how the built environment influences walking behaviour in Canadian adults. The second was to contribute to this body of evidence by studying the associations between individual characteristics of the neighbourhood environment and walking outcomes. A systematized review of Canadian evidence supported findings from other reviews, suggesting that overall walkability, land-use mix, and proximity to destinations are important features of the built environment for promoting transportation walking. Built environment associations with recreation walking are less clear. The systematized review also identified gaps in the current body of research, some of which were addressed in the analytic component of this thesis. A quantitative data analysis for a sample of Canadian adults living in 12 neighbourhoods of varying urban form and socioeconomic status in Calgary, Canada did not find any statistically significant associations between individual characteristics of the neighbourhood built environment and recreation walking or transportation walking, after adjusting for residential self-selection, sociodemographic characteristics, and neighbourhood socioeconomic status. Further research is needed to better understand how individual characteristics of the neighbourhood built environment facilitate or inhibit walking in order to better inform urban planning and public health policy.
Effects of transportation to and commingling at an auction market on the bacterial communities of the respiratory tract of beef cattle
Creators: name: Stroebel, Christina Maria
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Bovine Respiratory Disease
subject: Pathogen transmission
subject: Auction Market
subject: Microbiota
subject: Metagenomics
subject: 16S rRNA sequencing
subject: Feedlot
subject: Veterinary Science

description: Commingling at auction markets is considered a major predisposing factor for bacterial bronchopneumonia (BP) in beef cattle. However, the effects of commingling on the respiratory tract bacterial communities is largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of the thesis was to study the effects of transportation to and commingling at an auction market on the nasopharyngeal and tracheal bacterial communities of recently weaned calves using culture-dependent and independent methods. Two groups of 30 Angus-cross heifers were studied from weaning at the ranches of origin to 28 d after arrival at a feedlot. For each group, half the heifers were either transported directly to a feedlot after weaning (RANC) or transported to and commingled at an auction market for 24 hrs before being placed in a feedlot (AUCT). Heifers from both groups received vaccines against major respiratory viruses and a parenteral injection of a long acting macrolide (tildipirosin) at on-arrival processing (d2). Deep nasal swabs (DNS) and trans-tracheal aspirates (TTA) were collected at weaning (d0) and at on-arrival processing at the feedlot (d2). Deep nasal swab sampling only was then repeated 7 days (d9) and 28 days (d30) after arrival. Bacterial culture and 16S rRNA sequencing did not reveal difference in the nasopharyngeal and tracheal bacterial communities between RANC and AUCT at any sampling days. However, both time after arrival and feedlot where calves were placed affected diversity and composition of the nasopharyngeal bacterial communities. In both groups, there was a reduction in bacterial diversity and a large increase in Mycoplasma after feedlot placement, especially seven days after on-arrival processing. Furthermore, we observed the horizontal transmission of a multi-resistant strain of Pasteurella multocida among calves at d9 and d30 in one of the two groups of heifers. Based on these findings, we concluded that transportation to and commingling at an auction market for 24 hrs did not significantly influence the composition and diversity of the nasopharyngeal and tracheal bacterial communities of recently weaned calves.