cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observation of Multiple Superconducting Gaps in the Infrared Reflectivity Spectra of Ba(Fe0.9Co0.1)2As2
Creators: name: Aleshchenko, Yu. A.
name: Muratov, A. V.
name: Pudalov, V. M.
name: Zhukova, E. S.
name: Gorshunov, B. P.
name: Kurth, F.
name: lida, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82D55

description: The results of infrared reflectivity measurements for the iron-based high-temperature superconductor Ba(Fe0.9Co0.1)2As2 are reported. The reflectivity is found to be close to unity at frequencies w lower than 2Delta/h (2Delta is the superconducting gap and h is Planck's constant). This is evidence for the s+/- or s+/+ symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in the studied compound. The infrared reflectivity spectra of Ba(Fe0.9Co0.1)2As2 manifest opening of several superconducting gaps at temperatures lower than critical Tc.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Functional Changes in the Motor Network Following Thalamotomy in Essential Tremor Patients using Seed-Based Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: Specht, Jacinta Lee
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Essential Tremor
subject: High Intensity Focused Ultrasound
subject: Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS)
subject: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
subject: Resting State
subject: Seed-Based
subject: Neuroscience

description: Motor network changes following magnetic resonance guided resonance imaging surgery (MRgFUS) in essential tremor (ET) are still poorly understood. The motor network dysfunction found in ET is hypothesized to originate from within the cortico-thalamo-cerebellar (CTC) network. Several methodologies of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) have been used to compare functional connectivity within these regions between ET patients and controls. Such methodologies include seed-based region of interest (ROI) analysis, independent component analysis and graph theory. To my knowledge, this is the first study to use seed-based rs-fMRI analysis to compare between longitudinal time-points in ET patients before and after MRgFUS thalamotomy and age- and sex-matched controls. Seed-to-voxel and ROI-to-ROI analysis were both used to study rs-fMRI in these groups. Although limited statistically significant differences were found between longitudinal time-points, more differences were observed when comparing between ET patients, pre- and post-surgery, and controls. It was found that pre-surgery ET patients had significantly increased functional connectivity between motor areas and occipital regions associated with visuospatial planning, compared to controls. This connectivity decreased immediately after surgery. A reduction in functional connectivity between basal ganglia regions and the motor cortices was also observed. These changes were transient however, because motor regions returned to increased connectivity with the occipital region, except for the left supplementary motor area (SMA), which continued to demonstrate decreased connectivity with the putamen at 3 months, compared to controls. These findings demonstrate that the motor network within ET may also entrain visual processing areas as well as the basal ganglia and that MRgFUS thalamotomy may alter functional connectivity to these areas.
Directional Representations of 4D Echocardiography for Temporal Quantification of LV Volume
Creators: name: Angelini, Elsa D.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Takuma, Shin
name: Homma, Shunichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: Real-time acquisition via four-dimensional (3D plus time) ultra-sound obviates the need for slice registration and reconstruction, leaving segmentation as the only barrier to an automated, rapid, and clinically applicable calculation of accurate left ventricular cavity volumes and ejection fraction. Speckle noise corrupts ultrasound data by introducing sharp changes in an image intensity profile, while attenuation alters the intensity of equally significant cardiac structures, depending on orientation with respect to the position of the ultrasound beam. These properties suggest that measures based on phase information rather than intensity are appropriate for denoising and boundary (surface) detection. Our method relies on the expansion of temporal volume data on a family of basis functions called Brushlets. These basis functions decompose a signal into distinct patterns of oriented textures. Projected coefficients are associated with distinct "brush strokes" of a particular size (width) and orientation (direction). Brushlet decompositions are invariant to intensity (contrast range) but depend on the spatial frequency content of a signal. Preliminary results of this directional space-frequency analysis applied to both phantoms and clinical data are presented. The method will be used to clinically evaluate 4D data and to extract and quantify heart LV volumes.
Tumor aggregates from ovarian cancer patients ascitic fluid present low caspase-3 expression
Creators: name: Batista-Pinto, C.
name: Resende, A. D.
name: Andrade, R.
name: Garcez, F.
name: Ferreira, V.
name: Lobo, C.
name: Monteiro, P.
name: Abreu, M. H.
name: Bartosch, C.
name: Ricardo, S.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2023

description: Background: Ascites is observed in ovarian cancer advanced stages because of the inflammatory process caused by tumor cells invasion of the peritoneal cavity [1,2]. In the ascitic fluid microenvironment, tumor cells can be found isolated or forming aggregates, being key mediators of transceolomic metastization [1,2]. In vitro multicellular spheroids show anoikis resistance presenting high survival levels when compared to isolated tumor cells [3]. The viability of these tumor cells is crucial for the establishment of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) that constitute a valuable preclinical platform for drug testing [3]. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the tumor cells apoptotic levels (single cells and aggregates) in the ascitic fluid of ovarian cancer patients. Methods: We evaluated 23 cytologic samples from ovarian cancer patients with ascites admitted at IPOPorto under a project approved by IPOPorto ethics committee (CES.092R1/019). Standard histologic processing was performed on the formalin-fixed and Histogel™ embedded ascitic fluid. For the apoptotic cell detection an immunohistochemistry technique with anti-caspase-3 antibody was applied and evaluated by microscopy. Results: During standardization, the ideal primary antibody concentration and incubation time were set, as also the antigenic retrieval procedure was optimized. We included a positive control to validate the technique in each run. Our results show that, in most of the samples, cellular aggregates were negative for caspase-3 expression, >75% of the cells, but some positivity was observed in isolated tumor cells. Conclusions: The evaluation of caspase-3 expression by immunohistochemistry proved to be a reliable methodology to evaluate the apoptotic levels in cytology samples. In general, tumor cells within aggregates showed high viability levels, whereas some isolated tumor cells presented caspase-3 expression, which indicate they are undergoing an apoptotic process. The tumor aggregates high viability in these samples is a good indicator that the establishment of PDOs from these tumor cells will be successful.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)
Enhancement via Fusion of Mammographic Features
Creators: name: Koren, Iztok
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Taylor, Fred
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: Image enhancement in mammography is typically concerned with either general visibility of all features or conspicuity of a specific sign of malignancy. We describe a synthesis of the two approaches through fusion of locally enhanced microcalcifications, circumscribed masses, and stellate lesions. Both local processing and image fusion are performed within a single wavelet transform framework which contributes to the computational efficiency of the method. The algorithm not only allows for efficient combination of specific features of importance, but also provides a flexible framework for incorporation of distinct enhancement methods and their independent optimization.
title: Ein firewall-geschützter Internet-Server unter Windows NT
Creators: name: Schleifnig, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: FH Münster
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: Immer mehr Menschen nutzen das Internet für private oder geschäftliche Zwecke. Immer mehr Firmen und Behörden wissen die Vorteile des Intranets zu schätzen. An vielen Stellen werden heutzutage die Vorteile von beiden Netzen verknüpft, um möglichst effektives Arbeiten zu ermöglichen; Stichworte sind E-Mail, Online-Shopping, Online-Banking, Internet-Surfing, Datenkonsistenz, verteilte Systeme und Client-Server-Architekturen. Immer weniger Menschen sind jedoch in der Lage, die komplexen Strukturen, die diese neuen Techniken mit sich bringen oder durch die sie erst möglich werden, zu durchschauen. Auf der Gegenseite der vielen Vorteile, die diese nahezu grenzenlosen Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten bieten, stehen viele nicht zu unterschätzende Sicherheitsrisiken. Anders als bei den positiven Seiten dieser Entwicklung wissen aber viele Benutzer nichts von den Risiken oder unterschätzen und ignorieren diese. In dieser Diplomarbeit können aufgrund der knapp bemessenen Zeit, vorgesehen für die Diplomarbeit an der Fachhochschule sind etwa drei Monate, keine eigenständigen Untersuchungen über Viren oder andere Bedrohungen von Computersystemen durchgeführt werden. Diese Untersuchungen werden durch eine systematische Recherche, vor allem im Internet, ersetzt. Die Diplomarbeit soll zeigen, dass es sowohl im homogenen wie auch in einem heterogenen Umfeld - der Windows NT Server steht in einem UNIX-dominierten Netzwerk - möglich ist, mit geringem finanziellen und personellen Aufwand einen "relativ" sicheren Netzwerkserver mit Internetanbindung aufzubauen, welcher sowohl Angriffen von innen als auch von außen in einem gewissen Rahmen widerstehen kann. Vollkommene Sicherheit gibt es nicht und maximale Sicherheit wird man in diesem Zeit- und Kostenrahmen nicht erreichen können. Zu erreichen ist aber ein wesentlich höherer Sicherheits-Level als ihn Windows NT standardmäßig mit sich bringt.
Harmonic multiresolution estimators for denoising and regularization of SPECT-PET data
Creators: name: Angelini, Elsa D.
name: Kalifa, Jerome
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: This paper presents a study on the development of new multiresolution directional analysis tools for texture denoising of medical images. Multiresolution. texture analysis is performed with wavelet packets and brushlet expansions to exploit spatio-temporal coherence and identify persistent anatomical structures while removing uncorrelated noise components. Denoising is performed via thresholding estimators in the transform domain. Denoising performance is evaluated quantitatively on phantom volumes and qualitatively on clinical data sets with SPECT-PET data. We show in this study that these multiresolution directional analysis tools are well adapted to the intrinsic nature of textured data and outperform traditional denoising methods. In the case of spatiotemporal data, we also show that by incorporating the time dimension directly in the analysis, we can bring into play temporal coherence between successive frames to improve denoising performance and enhance moving boundaries and structures.
title: Emergent themes for the development of resilience
title: Ways to develop resilience
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bello, Jhonattan
Publisher: name: Office of Research
Year: 2022
Subjects: Resilience
Education
Ecological resilience
Post-secondary education
Instructors
Themes
Success
Safe and trusting environment
Clarifying expectations
Finding the right stories
Flexible thinking
Meaningful goals

description: Five major themes emerged in this study, which are reflective of the research questions. The themes that emerged were (1) creating a safe and trusting environment, (2) focusing on a meaningful goal, (3) clarifying expectations, (4) modeling flexible thinking, and (5) finding the right stories to tell yourself. The first theme, creating a safe and trusting environment, focused on how instructors created spaces in which students felt safe to try new skills and make mistakes, thereby fostering relationships between students and instructors as well as among students themselves. The second theme explained how instructors included the practice of refining goals in their course, aiming to organize priorities and refocus on what really matters to students. The third theme, clarifying the expectations, described the ways in which instructors took the time to create realistic and appropriate expectations. The fourth theme captured the importance of instructors being able to model flexible thinking. Finally, the fifth theme, finding the right stories to tell yourself, described how the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge and narrative approaches was being used in undergraduate programs to switch perspective from challenges to a journey approach, making students more resilient.
Cell microarray as a powerful tool to accelerate cancer research: focus on drug screening
Creators: name: Nunes, M.
name: Nunes, D.
name: Costa, A.
name: Ricardo, S.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2023

description: Background: Designing reliable in vitro assays is crucial to attain impactful results in oncology research. Cell Microarray (CMA) has become a key tool to accelerate cancer research as many samples can be evaluated at the same time in a single slide, allowing the evaluation of many prognostics, diagnostics, and therapy response biomarkers. Previously, we described a model of drug combination using antineoplastic and repurposed drugs to find alternative oncology regimens [1,2]. Objective: The purpose of this study is to adapt a histology-based method to evaluate the changes on biomarkers expression during drug efficacy tests and explore the mechanisms of therapy resistance in a chip-like tool such as a CMA. Methods: Two chemoresistant ovarian cancer models, i.e., OVCAR8 (Carboplatin-resistant) and OVCAR8 PTX RP (Carboplatin and Paclitaxel-resistant) cell lines [3] were incubated for 48 h with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel, alone and combined with repurposed drugs (Pitavastatin, Metformin and Ivermectin), using their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) previously assessed. Next, we collected the cells subjected to all assay conditions and constructed a CMA, gathering all the conditions in a single paraffin block [3-5]. Results: CMA have the potential to accelerate cancer research studies since it allows the evaluation and comparison of a variety of cell culture conditions, such as several cell lines, time-points, and different therapeutical conditions, on a single microscope slide [4,5]. Conclusions: This approach represents a rapid and cost-effective screening tool to accelerate anti-cancer drug efficacy studies, allowing the discovery of biomarkers capable to predict therapy responses and to unveil the mechanism of action of new drugs, repurposed drugs, and drug combinations.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)
Air pollution mapping with nitrogen and sulfur dioxides in the south-eastern part of Ukraine using satellite data
Creators: name: Stankevich, Sergey
name: Titarenko, Olga
name: Svideniuk, Mykhailo
name: Kharytonov, Mykola
name: Benselhoub, Aissa
name: Khlopova, Valentine
Publisher: name: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology
Year: 2016
Subjects: remote sensing, air pollution, industry, spatial distribution, acid rains

description: Mining Science
New 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as promising therapeutic approaches targeting neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Marques-Oliveira, R.
name: Alfenim, A. R.
name: Soares, P.
name: Borges, F.
name: Remião, F.
name: Fernandes, C.
name: Silva, R.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2023

description: Background: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are recognized as the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), presenting a huge burden for society. These diseases share common pathophysiological mechanisms, such oxidative stress, dysfunction in iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and protein misfolding [1-4]. Given their powerful metal chelating and antioxidant properties, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQs) derivatives have emerged as attractive therapeutic approaches for the development of innovative therapies for NDs [5]. Objective: To assess, in vitro, the neuroprotective effects of 12 newly synthesized 8-HQs with iron chelation and radical scavenging capacity, using differentiated neuronal SH-SY5Y cells as an in vitro model. Methods: The cytotoxicity of 8-HQs was initially evaluated using the MTT reduction and neutral red uptake assays, 24 hours after exposure, to select non-cytotoxic concentrations. The neuroprotective effects of the 8-HQs against the cytotoxicity induced by iron (III), erastin (a ferroptosis inducer), or by the combination of the two aggressors, were then evaluated. Their capacity to decrease tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cytotoxicity was also investigated, aiming to elucidate the potential of the novel 8-HQs derivatives to counteract oxidative stress. The most promising 8-HQs were also tested for their ability to protect against the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), which is frequently used to mimic Parkinson's disease in in vitro models [6]. Results: Some of the 8-HQs significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells against the cytotoxicity induced by iron (III), erastin, or by the combined effects iron (III) + erastin. Moreover, several 8-HQs also remarkably reduced the cytotoxic effects induced by both t-BHP and MPP+. Conclusions: The 8-HQs showed outstanding neuroprotective properties against the harmful effects induced by distinct chemical aggressors, highlighting their potential to become effective disease-modifying agents for counteracting neurodegeneration.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)
Dynamics of DNA Bubble in Viscous Medium
Creators: name: Sulaiman, A.
name: Zen, F. P.
name: Alatas, H.
name: Handoko, L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The damping effect to the DNA bubble is investigated within the Peyrard-Bishop model. In the continuum limit, the dynamics of the bubble of DNA is described by the damped nonlinear Schrodinger equation and studied by means of variational method. It is shown that the propagation of solitary wave pattern is not vanishing in a non-viscous system. Inversely, the solitary wave vanishes soon as the viscous force is introduced.
description: 4 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1112.4715
Toxicological impact of microplastics on the aquatic environment and interaction with other pollutants
Creators: name: Suordem, B.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2023

description: Background: Microplastic (MP) pollution is a growing concern all over the world. MPs are derived from various petroleum compounds with a particle size of less than 5 mm [1]. The occurrence of MPs in the aquatic environment come from different sources as land water runoff, rivers and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) [2]. Due to their ubiquity and difficult removal, MPs can be consumed and enter trophic levels [3]. Plastics can absorb many types of toxic compounds, including organic pollutants and trace metals. Chemicals absorbed to plastic particles can enter food chains through different pathways, enhancing bioaccumulation and/or biomagnification efficiencies [4]. Objective: This study aims to assess the toxicological impact of MPs in the aquatic environment and their interaction with other pollutants. Methods: This research was based on publications available in the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. Results: As MPs are detected in plankton, invertebrates and vertebrates, meaning that aquatic organisms from different hierarchies of the food chain are exposed to contamination by MPs. A study was carried out with MPs associated with zinc showed the increase of the toxicological effects. Several studies have investigated the effects of MPs on marine invertebrates. Adverse effects were also shown in earthworms, after exposure to MPs, as fibrosis, congestion and inflammatory infiltration, organ blockage, physical damage and metabolic disturbances [2]. Conclusions: The toxicity of MPs in aquatic organisms and their entry into trophic levels has been reported with different organisms, although according to some studies this toxicity can be altered in the presence of other contaminants.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)
3-Hydroxypyridin-4-one based derivatives as promising neuroprotective agents for Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Silva, V.
name: Benfeito, S.
name: Lima, C.
name: Chavarria, D.
name: Gonçalves, T.
name: Costa, I.
name: Remião, F.
name: Borges, F.
name: Silva, R.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2023

description: Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a multifactorial, complex and progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta [1,2]. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in PD, namely Lewy bodies formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and iron accumulation within the brain [3]. Iron triggers ferroptosis, a form of cell death characterized by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) activity [4]. The drugs currently available to treat PD predominantly aim to relieve symptoms [5]. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for an effective treatment capable to stopping or slowing the disease progression. Objective: The main goal of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the cytotoxicity and the neuroprotective effects of a small library of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one based derivatives. Methods: Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (dopaminergic phenotype) were used as in vitro model. The compounds’ cytotoxicity was evaluated, 24h after exposure, by the neutral red uptake and resazurin reduction assays, to select the non-cytotoxic concentrations. To evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of the compounds, cells were exposed for 24h to i) ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA), a ferric (Fe3+) iron aggressor, ii) tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), an organic peroxide capable of inducing oxidative stress-mediated cell death, or iii) (1S,3R)-RSL3 (RSL3), a ferroptosis inducer that acts by inhibiting GPX4. The exposures were performed in the absence or presence of the test compounds. Results: In general, the compounds showed a safe cytotoxic profile for concentrations up to 5 mM. Noteworthy, several derivatives showed significant, concentration-dependent protective effects against t-BHP, FeNTA and RSL3, highlighting their promising neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: In conclusion, the 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one based derivatives demonstrated a multitarget mode of action, highlighting their potential as promising neuroprotective agents for PD treatment.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)
The remains of the Horrea Agrippiana in the Roman Forum, from survey to virtual reconstruction
Creators: name: Verdiani, Giorgio
name: Pasquali, Andrea
name: Ricci, Ylenia
name: Montanaro, Francesca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 430204
subject: Digital heritage

description: The digital survey at the base of this research was originally taken during “The Roman Forum: Architecture and Archaeology” ISAR summer school in 2020, the very specific situation at that time, just in between the first and second pandemic waves, pushed the teams participating to the workshop to operate from the distance, basing all the communication on online platform, sharing the digital survey data taken in place by a specific survey group. The digital survey turned out to be very versatile for this task, even if in its huge amount of data, it allowed both a virtual exploration than a perfect base for supporting all the activities in the online classes. The area of the survey was the “Horrea Agrippiana” a sector of the Roman Forum characterized by a very variable level of details, with both large and massive remains but even thin walls, mosaics, and complex overlayed structures. The fascinating shape of the remains, strongly altered, were a difficult challenge to any interpretation of the past phases and states of the buildings before their state of ruin. After the completion of the summer school, mainly aimed to enhance the fruition of the area using new architectural interventions, the digital survey was used as a base reference for applying the procedures for an accurate reconstruction: the area was represented in its present state, interpreted, analysed, and then developed into a virtual reconstruction capable to present in a more coherent way the development of the building and their relationships through their various phases. This contribution will present the various phases from the infield survey to the data treatment, to the various post-processing, to the making of the digital reconstruction and its use for creating new contents to better understand this part of the Roman Forum.
Neuroprotective effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in a Parkinson’s disease in vitro model
Creators: name: Costa, I.
name: Benfeito, S.
name: Silva, V.
name: Cagide, F.
name: Borges, F.
name: Remião, F.
name: Silva, R.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2023

description: Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with early prominent death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, concurrently with Lewys body formation, iron accumulation, oxidative stress and ferroptosis[1–3]. Since there is no effective therapy capable of stopping/delaying disease progression, phenolic acids such as hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids (HCA and HBA, respectively), and their derivatives, are being extensively explored to target oxidative stress and iron overload, pathophysiological mechanisms involved in PD[4–6]. Objective: The main objective of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the potential neuroprotective effects of a series of mitochondriotropic antioxidants (HCA and HBA derivatives) against iron overload and ferroptosis, mechanisms involved in PD pathophysiology. Methods: Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were used as in vitro model and compounds (0–100 µM) cytotoxicity evaluated, 24h after exposure, by the neutral red uptake and resazurin reduction assays, to select non-cytotoxic concentrations. To evaluate the compounds’ neuroprotective effects, two chemical aggressors were used, Fe(III) (500 and 1000 µM, to mimic iron overload) and erastin (20 and 40 µM, a ferroptosis inducer). The cytotoxicity of the chemical aggressors was evaluated by the NR uptake assay 24h after exposure to the oxidative insults in the presence and absence of the mitochondriotropic antioxidants (10 and 50 µM, non-cytotoxic concentrations). The potential neuroprotective effects against the combination of the two chemical aggressors was also evaluated [100 µM Fe(III) + 2 µM erastin]. Results: Ten of the 11 compounds significantly reduced Fe(III)-induced cell death, while seven compounds afforded a significant protection against erastin-induced cytotoxicity. Regarding the simultaneous exposure to Fe(III) and erastin (where only compounds that were neuroprotective against both the aggressors alone were tested), all the five compounds selected demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: Although preliminary, these results clearly demonstrated the potential neuroprotective effects of these compounds, open a new perspective for PD treatment.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)
Quantification of LV Volumes with 4D Real-Time Echocardiography
Creators: name: Angelini, Elsa D.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Takuma, Shin
name: Homma, Shunichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biomedical engineering
Echocardiography

description: This paper presents a new 4D (3D+Time) expansion of echocardiographic volumes on complex exponential wavelet-like basis functions called Brushlets. Brushlet functions offer good localization in time and frequency and decompose a signal into distinct patterns of oriented textures, invariant to intensity and contrast range. Automatic left ventricle (LV) endocardial border detection is carried out in the transform domain where speckle noise is attenuated while cardiac structure location is preserved. Quantitative validation and clinical applications of this new spatio-temporal analysis tool are reported with results on phantoms and clinical data sets to quantify LV volumes and ejection fraction.
Examining Associations Between Severity of Parental Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Offspring Grey Matter
Creators: name: Kemp, Jennifer Victoria Anne
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: MRI
subject: Neuroimaging
subject: Brain Structure
subject: High-risk
subject: Development
subject: psychopathology
subject: depression
subject: anxiety
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Psychology--Developmental

description: The aim of this thesis was to explore associations between severity of parental depression and anxiety symptoms, and offspring brain structure. Additionally, to see whether certain brain regions in offspring were uniquely associated to parental depression versus anxiety. One hundred and twenty-four adolescents aged 11-18 years (M= 13.64, SD= 1.51) were included in the final analysis. Each adolescent had to have at least one parent with a diagnosed mood disorder as per the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Adolescents themselves were to be free of any psychopathology at baseline as per the MINI-Kid. Parents filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) to assess current symptom severity and youths underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a 3 Tesla magnet to obtain brain structure data. Bivariate correlations revealed that higher parental depression scores were associated with greater cortical thickness in the left middle temporal gyrus, and that higher parental anxiety scores were associated with greater cortical thickness in the right middle temporal gyrus. After controlling for offspring age and intracranial volume (ICV), the left middle temporal gyrus remained significantly associated with parental depression and the right middle temporal gyrus was no longer significantly associated with parental anxiety. Higher parental anxiety scores were significantly associated with cortical thinning in the left inferior parietal region when controlling for offspring age and ICV. Greater cortical thickness in the left middle temporal gyrus was uniquely associated with higher parental depression scores, and reduced cortical thickness in the left inferior parietal region was uniquely associated with higher parental anxiety scores. These findings suggest that even within a group of high-risk adolescents, there may be elevated risk for altered grey matter volume and thickness depending on parent symptom severity.
Alzheimer’s disease: the neuroprotective potential of novel synthetic compounds targeting P-glycoprotein
Creators: name: Monteiro, A. R.
name: Maia, M.
name: Sousa, E.
name: Remião, F.
name: Silva, R.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2023

description: Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by cognitive decline associated, specifically, with the degeneration of cholinergic neurons [1]. Although the etiology of the disease remains elusive, with several pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to disease progression, two main pathological hallmarks are well described, namely the presence of 1) neurofibrillary tangles formed by unfolded protein aggregates (hyperphosphorylation of tau protein) and 2) extracellular aggregates of Aβ within the brain [2, 3]. Objective: The present work aimed to perform a screening of the potential neuroprotective effects of 21 novel small molecules in a cholinergic-differentiation model of neuronal cells using the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated into a cholinergic phenotype in response to treatment of at least 7 days with retinoic acid at a final concentration of 10 μM, under low serum conditions [4, 5]. The assays selected to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects were chosen to replicate some of the emerging disease-related hallmarks, namely: metal ion dyshomeostasis, ferroptosis and impairments in Aβ clearance [modulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity] [3, 6]. Results: The results of this study highlighted the remarkable neuroprotective effects of the majority of compounds against iron (III)- and erastin-induced cytotoxicity, in addition to their ability to modulate P-gp activity. Furthermore, the P-gp activators (compounds I-VIII, XII and XXI) were evaluated in a cellular model of AD-like pathology of Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. The obtained results demonstrated the ability of compounds to protect the differentiated cells against the toxic stimulus, implicating the ATP-dependent efflux pump - P-gp - in the clearance of Aβ aggregates. Conclusions: Thus, this study reinforces the several efforts that have been made toward counteracting AD multifactorial nature by shifting the strategy into the design of P-gp activators for preventing, delaying or treating AD.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)
Shoulder and Upper Extremity Injuries in Canadian Youth Ice Hockey: Investigating Injury Rates, Types, Severity, Mechanisms, and Risk Factors
Creators: name: Gibson, Eric Sanjay Dookeran
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: injury prevention
subject: shoulder
subject: ice hockey
subject: youth sport
subject: systematic review
subject: Epidemiology

description: Chapter 1: The first project is a systematic review that sought to explore the epidemiology of shoulder-related injury in youth sports. This study examined shoulder injury rates (IR), mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention strategies that have been studied. It was found that sport-related shoulder injuries are prevalent among youth athletes (accounting for a median of 10.9% of all injuries, n=41 studies). Injury risk factors identified included modifiable factors such as strength, range-of-motion, and training load imbalances. The most common injury mechanism was direct shoulder area contact with another person or an object in the playing environment. Considering the limitations identified by this review, it is clear that a paucity of research exists with respect to the study of shoulder-related injury prevention. Limitations of this systematic review were the heterogeneity of injury surveillance methods and definitions used, as well as the low quality of the included studies. Chapter 2: The second project is a secondary analysis of data collected in the Safe2Play longitudinal cohort study. This study sought to describe shoulder-related injury rates, types, severity, and mechanisms in youth female and male ice hockey players. An exploratory objective of this study was to identify risk factors for shoulder-related injury (including body checking policy, injury history, player size, level of play, sex, and playing position). This study found that shoulder injury has a high injury rate in youth ice hockey. Most shoulder injuries resulted in more than one week of time-loss from sport. Risk factors for shoulder injury included participation in a body-checking league, previous history of any injury in the previous 12 months, and the non-goalie playing position. Limitations of this study were related to the low number of practice-related shoulder injuries, as well as infrequent injuries to female participants – meaning that risk factor analysis was only feasible for game-related injuries among males.
Detection and Enhancement of Small Masses via Precision Multiscale Analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Dongwei
name: Chang, Chun-Ming
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: We introduce a continuous scale wavelet detector. Our algorithm was able to detect a mass that could not be seen using conventional windowing and leveling or traditional methods of contrast enhancement. An artifact free enhancement algorithm based on overcomplete multiscale wavelet analysis is then presented. The novelty of this algorithm lies in its detection of directional features and removal of unwanted perturbations.
Nonperturbative study of the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole form factors
Creators: name: Rajantie, Arttu
name: Weir, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass and interactions of a quantum 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole are measured nonperturbatively using correlation functions in lattice Monte Carlo simulations. A method of measuring the form factors for interactions between the monopole and fundamental particles, such as the photon, is demonstrated. These quantities are potentially of experimental relevance in searches for magnetic monopoles.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor changes to introduction and conclusions, published in PRD
Impact of cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the angiogenic role of extravillous trophoblasts
Creators: name: Alves, P.
name: Amaral, C.
name: Teixeira, N.
name: Correia-Da-Silva, G.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2023

description: Background: Cannabis is the most consumed illicit drug in Europe. Alongside, the medicinal use of cannabinoids is rising. Indeed, a formulation that combines the major phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in a 1:1 proportion (Sativex®), is already available for the management of multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, a lot remains unknown in relation to cannabinoid’s impact in reproductive health, namely during pregnancy. Our research group already reported the negative effects of isolated CBD and THC in placental trophoblast cells, such as the induction of apoptosis and autophagy [1,2]. Objective: Considering that extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) participate in the remodeling of maternal vessels and produce factors that play a role in angiogenesis during placentation, our goal was to evaluate the effects of CBD and THC, isolated or in combination (1:1), in EVT’s angiogenic role, using the HTR-8/SVneo cell line (ATCC, USA). Methods: HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with CBD, THC and CBD plus THC (1:1), at a concentration of 2 µM. Their effects on the gene expression of the angiogenesis-related factors VEGFA, PGF, FLT1 and sFLT1 were assessed through RT-PCR. Tube formation assay was used to functionally evaluate HTR-8/SVneo endothelial cell-like behavior. Activation of STAT3 signaling pathway, involved in angiogenesis, was assessed by Western blot. Results: The mRNA levels of PGF were upregulated in CBD and CBD plus THC-treated cells, while VEGFA and FLT1 were not affected. On the other hand, all the treatments increased the expression of the potent anti-angiogenic factor sFLT1 and decreased tube formation. Moreover, STAT3 was activated in all treated cells. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that CBD and THC, either alone or in combination, may affect placental angiogenesis, through dysregulation of relevant players and interference on the endothelial-behavior of EVT cells. Therefore, the exposure to these cannabinoids can have a harmful impact in critical phases of placental development.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)
Sequential Acquisition and Processing of Perfusion and Diffusion MRI Data for a Porcine Stroke Model
Creators: name: Neimark, Matthew A.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Lin, Erwin
name: Dashnaw, Stephen
name: Pile-Spellman, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: An automated data processing pipeline, designed for handling a large throughput of sequentially acquired MRI brain data, is described. The system takes as input multiple diffusion weighted (DWI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) volumes acquired at different temporal points, automatically segments and registers them, and ultimately outputs a database used to track various perfusion and diffusion parameters through time at individual brain voxels. This pipeline has been utilized to successfully process two pig brains from an induced stroke experiment.
Resonance fluorescence in a waveguide geometry
Creators: name: Kocabaş, Şükrü Ekin
name: Rephaeli, Eden
name: Fan, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to calculate the first- and second-order statistics of the scattered fields for an arbitrary intensity coherent state light field interacting with a two-level system in a waveguide geometry. Specifically, we calculate the resonance fluorescence from the qubit, using input-output formalism. We derive the transmission and reflection coefficients, and illustrate the bunching and anti-bunching of light that is scattered in the forward and backward directions, respectively. Our results agree with previous calculations on one- and two-photon scattering as well as those that are based on the master equation approach.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures and supplementary material (Mathematica code). This is the published version: typos are fixed, conclusion section is expanded, references are updated
Fusion of Brushlet and Wavelet Denoising Methods for Nuclear Images
Creators: name: Angelini, Elsa D.
name: Jin, Yinpeng
name: Esser, Peter D.
name: Van Heertum, Ronald L.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: This paper presents preliminary results on the fusion of denoised PET and SPECT data volumes from brushlet and wavelet thresholding methods. Texture-based brushlet denoising is well suited for enhancement of physiological information while wavelet-based denoising is better suited for enhancement of anatomical contours. A three-dimensional multiscale edge-based data fusion algorithm is applied to combine enhanced data from these two independent denoising methods. Preliminary results with qualitative evaluation of PET and SPECT data by an expert clinician showed great potential of this approach to combine enhancement of both anatomical and physiological signal information for improved image quality.
Mid Infrared Investigations of Van Der Waals Complexes of Atmospheric Molecules (Water, CO, CO2, N2)
Creators: name: Barclay, Aaron James
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Spectroscopy
subject: Infrared
subject: van der Waals complexes
subject: Clusters
subject: Supersonic jet expansion
subject: Potential energy surface
subject: OPO
subject: QCL
subject: Atmospheric molecules
subject: Water
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Chemistry--Radiation
subject: Physics
subject: Atmospheric Science

description: Mid infrared investigation into van der Waals complexes containing atmospheric molecules (water, CO, CO2 and N2) are studied by their rovibrational spectra. Complexes are generated using a pulsed supersonic slit jet apparatus and are studied using an optical parametric oscillator or quantum cascade laser radiation source. Investigations of water-CO complexes include H2O-CO, D2O-CO, HOD-CO and DOH-CO in the CO stretch region (~2200 cm-1 ) and the O-D stretch region (2700 cm-1 ) when applicable. Larger complexes of (water)n-CO, where n = 2, 3 or 4 are studied in the CO stretch region. The measurements for the dimers H2O-CO and D2O-CO are used to validate recent theoretical work and new quantum chemical calculations are employed to aid in determining geometry of larger complexes. Infrared bands of water dimer in the O-D stretch region (~2600-2800 cm-1 ) are measured and investigations into tunneling splittings and lifetimes are discussed. Although previously studied, our new measurements return to the assigned spectral bands with an experimental width at least a tenth smaller, resolving the six tunneling states for the first time in the O-D stretch region. Trimer and tetramer sized complexes containing CO2 with CO and/or N2 are probed in the CO2 asymmetric stretch region (~2350 cm-1 ). Assignments are aided by new high level ab initio calculations. The trimers studied include, (CO2)2-CO, (CO2)2-N2, CO2-(CO)2, CO2-(N2)2 and CO2-CO-N2. The tetramers studied include, CO2-(CO)3 and CO2-(N2)3, CO2-(CO)2-N2 and CO2- CO-(N2)2.
Additional file 1 of Comparative analysis of the daily liver transcriptomes in wild nocturnal bats
Creators: name: Chu, Yujia
name: Li, Jingjing
name: Feng, Lei
name: Zhang, Guoting
name: Wu, Hui
name: Jiang, Tinglei
name: Wang, Hui
name: Feng, Jiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Correlation analysis between each pair of replicates for four states. Figure S2. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the transcriptome of four states. Figure S3. Differential gene cluster expression trend line chart.
De-noising SPECT/PET Images Using Cross-Scale Regularization
Creators: name: Jin, Yinpeng
name: Angelini, Elsa D.
name: Esser, Peter D.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biomedical engineering

description: De-noising of SPECT and PET images is a challenging task due to the inherent low signal-to-noise ratio of acquired data. Wavelet based multi-scale denoising methods typically apply thresholding operators on sub-band coefficients to eliminate noise components in spatial-frequency space prior to reconstruction. In the case of high noise levels, detailed scales of sub-band images are usually dominated by noise which cannot be easily removed using traditional thresholding schemes. To address this issue, a cross-scale regularization scheme is introduced, which takes into account cross-scale coherence of structured signals. Preliminary results show promising performance in denoising clinical SPECT and PET images for liver and brain studies. Wavelet thresholding was also compared to denoising with a brushlet expansion. The proposed regularization scheme eliminates the need for threshold parameter settings, making the denoising process less tedious and suitable for clinical practice.