cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coated conductors containing grains with big aspect ratios
Creators: name: Leitenmeier, S.
name: Bielefeldt, H.
name: Hammerl, G.
name: Schmehl, A.
name: Schneider, C. W.
name: Mannhart, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the critical currents of high-Tc superconducting tapes fabricated by the coated conductor technologies are enhanced considerably if grain arrangements with large effective grain boundary areas are used. Increasing the aspect ratios of the grains reduces the deleterious effects of the grain boundaries. A practical road to competitive high-Tc cables is proposed.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures included, to be published in Annalen der Physik
Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent vulval and vaginal cancer and their precursors
Creators: name: Xu, Lan
name: Selk, Amanda
name: Garland, Suzanne M
name: Bogliatto, Fabrizio
name: Kyrgiou, Maria
name: Weyers, Steven
name: Arbyn, Marc
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Introduction: Safety and efficacy of prophylactic HPV vaccines against HPV infection and associated cervical cancers and precursors is well documented in the literature; however, their efficacy against vulval and vaginal endpoints has not been previously assessed. Areas covered: Published results of trials involving licensed HPV vaccines were included. Main efficacy outcomes were histologically confirmed high-grade vulval and vaginal precancer distinguishing those associated with vaccine HPV types and any vulval and vaginal precancerous lesions. Exposure groups included women aged 15–26 or 24–45 years being initially negative for high-risk HPV (hrHPV), negative for the HPV vaccine types, and women unselected by HPV status. Expert opinion: Our results show that the HPV vaccines are equally highly efficacious against vulval/vaginal disease as previously noted for cervical disease. The vaccines demonstrated excellent protection against high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions caused by vaccine-related HPV types among young women who were not initially infected with hrHPV types or types included in the vaccines (vaccine efficacies more than 90%). No protection against high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions associated with HPV16/18 was observed for mid-adult women. Trials were not powered to address protection against invasive cancers.
Additional file 3 of A mixed methods descriptive study of a diverse cohort of African American/Black and Latine young and emerging adults living with HIV: Sociodemographic, background, and contextual factors
Creators: name: Gwadz, Marya
name: Wilton, Leo
name: Cleland, Charles M.
name: Serrano, Samantha
name: Sherpa, Dawa
name: Zaldivar, Maria Fernanda
name: Freeman, Robin
name: Campos, Stephanie
name: Beharie, Nisha
name: Rosmarin-DeStefano, Corey
name: Filippone, Prema
name: Munson, Michelle R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 3
The Cramer-Rao inequality to go beyond the $\mathbf{\sqrt{N}}$-limit of the standard least-squares method in track fitting
Creators: name: Landi, Gregorio
name: Landi, Giovanni E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cramer-Rao-Frechet inequality is reviewed specializing it to track fitting. A diffused opinion attributes to this inequality the limitation of the resolution of the track fits with the number N of observations. It turns out that this opinion is incorrect, weighted least squares method is not subjected to that N-limitation. In a previous publication, simulations with a simple Gaussian model produced interesting results: a linear growth of the peaks of the distributions with the number $N$ of observations, much faster than the $\sqrt{N}$ of the standard least squares. These results could be considered a violation of a well known $1/N$-rule for the variance of an unbiased estimator, frequently reported as the Cramer-Rao-Frechet bound. To clarify this point beyond any doubt, it would be essential a direct proof of the consistency of those results with this inequality. Unfortunately, such proof is lacking or very difficult to find. Hence, the Cramer-Rao-Frechet developments are applied to prove the efficiency (optimality) of the simple Gaussian model and the consistency of its results. The inequality remains valid even for irregular models supporting the results of realistic models with similar growths.
description: 14 Pages, 2 figures, Detailed demonstrations on optimality of weighted least-squares method
Role of Social Networks in Diversification o Income Sources in Rural India
Creators: name: Johny, Judit
name: Wichmann, Bruno
name: Swallow, Brent
name: Johny, Judit
name: Wichmann, Bruno
name: Swallow, Brent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Income Diversification
subject: Social Networks
subject: Rural Housheholds

description: Rural households in developing countries adopt diversification of income sources as a common strategy to stabilize their income throughout the year. We view social networks as an important factor that influences diversification activities. Social interactions may help households to gain ideas, skills, services and information which could influence their decision to diversify their income sources.This paper examines whether household’s social networks influence income diversification in Wayanad District of South India. We develop a network econometric model based on a Spatial Autoregressive econometric approach by replacing the spatial matrix with a network matrix. Our results indicate that the diversification of a household’s social network has a statistically significant positive effect on its income diversification.
Aichelburg-Sexl boost of an isolated source in general relativity
Creators: name: Barrabes, C.
name: Hogan, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study of the Aichelburg--Sexl boost of the Schwarzschild field is described in which the emphasis is placed on the field (curvature tensor) with the metric playing a secondary role. This is motivated by a description of the Coulomb field of a charged particle viewed by an observer whose speed relative to the charge approaches the speed of light. Our approach is exemplified by carrying out an Aichelburg-- Sexl type boost on the Weyl vacuum gravitational field due to an isolated axially symmetric source. Detailed calculations of the boosts transverse and parallel to the symmetry axis are given and the results, which differ significantly, are discussed.
description: 25 pages, LateX2e
Adoption of greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture: an analysis of dairy farmers’ preferences and adoption behaviour
Creators: name: Glenka, Klaus
name: Eorya, Vera
name: Colombo, Sergio
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: Glenka, Klaus
name: Eorya, Vera
name: Colombo, Sergio
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Climate change
subject: Mitigation
subject: Best-Worst-Scaling
subject: Stated preferences
subject: Technology adoption
subject: Dairy farming

description: Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture implies changes in farm management practices. Knowledge on farmers’ current adoption of management practices aimed at reducing emissions, and their preferences regarding these, is important to inform the development of robust climate change mitigation policies in the agricultural sector. In the context of Scottish dairy farms, this study combines information on current adoption of mitigation practices with preference information based on Best-Worst-Scaling to facilitate the choice of mitigation practices to support via policy mechanisms that encourage and incentivise change. We find that current adoption plays an important role in understanding preference rankings of mitigation practices, and identify promising mitigation practices based on their potential for additional emission reduction, their perceived contribution to the farm’s financial and environmental performance and information on their cost-effectiveness.
Macroeconomic Policy Impacts on United States Agriculture: A Simulation Analysis
Creators: name: Barclay, Tom
name: Tweeten, Luther
name: Barclay, Tom
name: Tweeten, Luther
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Production Economics

description: United States monetary and fiscal policies influence the domestic agricultural economy directly and, through international linkages, indirectly. This study estimates the magnitude and statistical influence of coefficients relating U.S. macroeconomic policy to the U.S. agricultural economy through domestic and foreign markets. Specific objectives are to specify and estimate a general equilibrium quarterly econometric model of the U.S. macroeconomy and simulate the impact of federal deficit spending on real interest rates, real exchange rates, and net exports of agricultural products. Three hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis that an increase in federal deficit spending increases the real interest rate could not be rejected; a $100 billion reduction in the U.S. deficit was estimated to reduce real interest rates by two percentage points or more. The second hypothesis that an increase in real interest rate increases the real value of the U.S. dollar in foreign exchange markets had strong support and could not be rejected. A third hypothesis that a rise in the real value of the dollar reduces net exports of U.S. farm products also could not be rejected. Results indicate that the U.S. agriculture would benefit from the lower exchange value associated with an 'optimal' macroeconomic policy. That policy initially made the overall U.S. economy perform less satisfactorily but that performance improves over time.
Electric dipole moments of atoms and molecules produced by enhanced nuclear Schiff moments
Creators: name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Dzuba, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform calculations of the CP-violating atomic and molecular electric dipole moments (EDM) induced by the interaction of the nuclear Schiff moments with electrons. EDM of atoms Eu, Dy, Gd, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np and Pu are of special interest since they have isotopes with strongly enhanced nuclear Schiff moments caused by the octupole nuclear deformation or soft octupole vibration mode. These atoms have open 4f or 5f shells making the calculations complicated. We use our special version of the configuration interaction method combined with the many-body perturbation theory method adopted for open f-shell case. To validate the method we perform similar calculations for simpler atoms (Xe, Hg, Tl+, Pb, Pb++, Rn, Ra) where some earlier results are available. In addition we present the estimates of the CP-violating nuclear spin - molecular axis interaction constants for molecules which may be of experimental interest including AcF, EuN, ThO, PbO and TlF. We also present updated values of the nuclear Schiff moments and atomic and molecular EDM expressed in terms of the CP-violating pi-meson - nucleon interaction constants g_0,g_1, g_2, QCD parameter theta and quark chromo-EDMs. The results may be used to test CP-violation theories and search for axion dark matter in atomic, molecular and solid state experiments.
191202_Romacho_Sell_Supplementary Info.pdf
Creators: name: Romacho, Tania
name: Sell, Henrike
name: Indrakusuma, Ira
name: Roehrborn, Diana
name: Castañeda, Tamara R.
name: Jelenik, Tomas
name: Hartwig, Sonja
name: Weiß, Jürgen
name: Al-Hasani, Hadi
name: Roden, Michael
name: Juergen Eckel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 60603 Animal Physiology - Systems
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Aims/Hypothesis: Besides a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an adipokine linked to human obesity. We aimed to explore role of adipocyte-derived DPP4 in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Methods: Wild type (WT) and AT-specific KO mouse (AT-DPP4-KO) were fed for 24 weeks with a high fat diet (HFD) and characterized for body weight, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and body composition and hepatic fat content. Image and molecular biology analysis of inflammation as well as adipocyte secretion was performed in AT by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, qRT- PCR and ELISA. Incretin levels were determined by multiplex. Results: Under high fat diet (HFD), AT-DPP4-KO displayed markedly reduced circulating DPP4 concentrations, proving AT as a relevant source of DPP4. Independently of glucose-stimulated incretin hormones, AT-DPP4-KO had improved glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity. AT-DPP4-KO displayed smaller adipocytes and a shift in the inflammatory phenotype with more crown-like structures. IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels were lower in AT and serum. Conclusions: The absence of adipose DPP4 triggers beneficial AT remodeling with decreased production of IGFBP3 during HFD, likely contributing to the observed improved hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Additional file 2 of A mixed methods descriptive study of a diverse cohort of African American/Black and Latine young and emerging adults living with HIV: Sociodemographic, background, and contextual factors
Creators: name: Gwadz, Marya
name: Wilton, Leo
name: Cleland, Charles M.
name: Serrano, Samantha
name: Sherpa, Dawa
name: Zaldivar, Maria Fernanda
name: Freeman, Robin
name: Campos, Stephanie
name: Beharie, Nisha
name: Rosmarin-DeStefano, Corey
name: Filippone, Prema
name: Munson, Michelle R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Additional file 1 of Zhi-Kang-Yin formula attenuates high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders through modulating gut microbiota-bile acids axis in mice
Creators: name: Li, Yifan
name: Wang, Hao
name: He, Xiaofang
name: Zhu, Weize
name: Bao, Yiyang
name: Gao, Xinxin
name: Huang, Wenjin
name: Ge, Xinyu
name: Wei, Wenjing
name: Zhang, Huan
name: Sheng, Lili
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Li, Houkai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1
The U.S. Demand for Imported and Domestically Produced Foods: An Investigation of lntertemporal and Substitution Effects
Creators: name: Isard, Peter
name: Lowrey, Barbara
name: Swamy, P. A. V. B.
name: Conway, Roger
name: Isard, Peter
name: Lowrey, Barbara
name: Swamy, P. A. V. B.
name: Conway, Roger
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agribusiness
Production Economics

description: This article extends the literature on time series estimation of U.S. consumer demand by presenting a coherent theoretical structure with a multi-period planning horizon for consumer choice and a more general treatment of the aggregation problem that allows the possibility that consumers' tastes change over time and vary across individuals. Based on our theoretical model, an econometric model is used to obtain estimates in a multi-period context of U.S. demand for imported foods and domestically produced foods. The hypothesis that current purchases depend on expected future prices is supported by the empirical results for imported foods.
Income and Employment Generation from Agricultural Processing and Marketing: The Case of Soybean in Indonesia
Creators: name: Hayami, Yujiro
name: Kawagoe, Toshihiko
name: Morooka, Yoshinori
name: Siregar, Musdjidin
name: Hayami, Yujiro
name: Kawagoe, Toshihiko
name: Morooka, Yoshinori
name: Siregar, Musdjidin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics

description: This study aims to illustrate the potential of agricultural processing and marketing activities in generating local income and employment in developing economies, using soybean in Indonesia as a case. The results show that those activities add to rural income and employment at a scale equal or even larger than those generated from farm production itself, indicating their role in alleviating poverty and inequality in the rural sector.
Efficient indoor p-i-n hybrid perovskite solar cells using low temperature solution processed NiO as hole extraction layers
Creators: name: Jagadamma, Lethy Krishnan
name: Blaszczyk, Oskar
name: Sajjad, Muhammad T.
name: Ruseckas, Arvydas
name: Samuel, Ifor D. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid perovskites have received tremendous attention due to their exceptional photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties. Among the two widely used perovskite solar cell device architectures of n-ip and p-i-n, the latter is interesting in terms of its simplicity of fabrication and lower energy input. However this structure mostly uses PEDOT:PSS as a hole transporting layer which can accelerate the perovskite solar cell degradation. Hence the development of stable, inorganic hole extraction layers (HEL), without compromising the simplicity of device fabrication is crucial in this fast-growing photovoltaic field. Here we demonstrate a low temperature (~100 oC) solution - processed and ultrathin (~ 6 nm) NiO nanoparticle thin films as an efficient HEL for CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite solar cells. We measure a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.3 % on rigid glass substrates and 8.5 % on flexible substrates. A comparison with PEDOT:PSS based MAPbI3 solar cells (PCE ~ 7.9 %) shows that NiO based solar cells have higher short circuit current density and improved open circuit voltage (1.03V). Apart from the photovoltaic performance under 1 Sun, the efficient hole extraction property of NiO is demonstrated for indoor lighting as well with a PCE of 23.0 % for NiO based CH3NH3PbI2.9Cl0.1 p-i-n solar cells under compact fluorescent lighting. Compared to the perovskite solar cells fabricated on PEDOT:PSS HEL, better shelf-life stability is observed for perovskite solar cells fabricated on NiO HEL. Detailed microstructural and photophysical investigations imply uniform morphology, lower recombination losses, and improved charge transfer properties for CH3NH3PbI3 grown on NiO HEL.
description: 19 pages
Some lessons from the Modelling of the Spanish Rice Market
Creators: name: Peterson, E. Wesley F.
name: Peterson, E. Wesley F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: Spanish accession to the European Comminity ( EC) will lead to many changes in Spain's agricultural sector. Predicting the nature of these changes is difficult because the new policy regime differs significantly from historic Spanish policies. In this paper, conventional econometric models of the Spanish rice sector are constrated with a model designed specifically to reflect the pervasive impact of Spanish rice policies. This policy model predicts the historical evolution of production, consumption and trade more accurately than the conventional models. However, the policy model cannot be used to predict the impact of the radical policy changes in Spain resulting from the introduction of the EC rice regime because the historical relationships no longer hold. It is argued that alternative approaches relying more on institutional analysis and expert opinion need to be developed to understand the future of the Spanish rice sector.
An Evaluation of Indian Government Rice Policy in Tamil Nadu
Creators: name: Chellaraj, G.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Chellaraj, G.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: The Indian government procures rice from wholesalers or producers at a price below the market price and then distributes it to low-income consumers at a subsidized price. This paper uses a simulataneous equations econometric model to evaluate the effects of this policy on supply/demand of rice in the state of Tamil Nadu, between 1956 and 1985. Results show that production is more responsive to power for irrigation and fertilizer prices than to output prices. Because supply is inelastic, producers bear the burden of the 'tax' imposed by procurement even though rice is procured from the wholesaler. Rice distributed by the government displaces rice demanded in the open market, and thus the government distribution of rice has not increased the total consumption of rice.
Labour on the Family Farm: a Theory under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Dawson, P. J.
name: Dawson, P. J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper develops a theory of the family farm in conditions of uncertainty where attention is focussed on the labour-input decisions. Specifically, the farm family is faced with two labour decisions, namely with respect to hired labour and to family labour. The framework for analysis is expected utility maximisation. The analysis has implications for agricultural policy since policy pronouncements of economists are typically based on models which assume perfect certainty. These pronouncements do not survive the incorporation of uncertainty.
Simplified Risk Analysis in Agricultural Extension
Creators: name: Cruz, Elmar Rodrigues Da
name: Porto, Vitor Hugo Da Fonseca
name: Cruz, Elmar Rodrigues Da
name: Porto, Vitor Hugo Da Fonseca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Attention is given to the major methods of assessing risk in order to make choices. The literature frequently reports studies on mean-variance ( E-V) analysis and stochastic dominance rules. Both of these methods are compared, in an agricultural application, with the approach outlined by Hanoch and Levy. The empirical results suggests that Hanoch and Levy's criterion appear to reduce the size of the risk-efficient set, and that the sets of recommendations from the methods under comparison were consistent. The two recommendations generated by Hanoch and Levy's rule were found to be reasonable for this particular decision process.
Additional file 1 of Early high-sensitivity troponin elevation and short-term mortality in sepsis: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Creators: name: Gajardo, Abraham I. J.
name: Ferrière-Steinert, Santiago
name: Valenzuela Jiménez, Joaquín
name: Heskia Araya, Sebastián
name: Kouyoumdjian Carvajal, Thomas
name: Ramos-Rojas, José
name: Medel, Juan Nicolás
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Electric dipole moment as descriptor for interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Jia, Hongying
name: Zimmermann, Bernd
name: Michalicek, Gregor
name: Bihlmayer, Gustav
name: Blügel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral magnets are of fundamental interest and have important technological ramifications. The origin of chiral magnets lies in the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), an interaction whose experimental and theoretical determination is laborious. We derive an expression that identifies the electric dipole moment as descriptor for the systematic design of chiral magnetic multilayers. Using density functional theory calculations, we determine the DMI of (111)-oriented metallic ferromagnetic $Z$/Co/Pt multilayers of ultrathin films. The non-magnetic layer $Z$ determines the DMI at the Co-Pt interface. The results validate the electric and magnetic dipole moments as excellent descriptors. We found a linear relation between the electric dipole moment of Pt, the Allen electronegativity of $Z$, and the contribution of Pt to the total DMI.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Groundwater Management: Efficiency and Equity Considerations
Creators: name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Feinerman, Eli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agribusiness
Production Economics

description: Groundwater has the characteristics of commonly owned property, and its use is likely to be inefficient in the absence of regulation. Several management tools can be used to regulate groundwater withdrawals, with no one tool dominating the others in terms of efficiency of water use. However, the welfare distributional effects of various management schemes on individual users who vary in their derived demands for groundwater might be quite substantial, and different users may find considerably different schemes attractive. The equity problems associated with the division of management benefits may dominate the decisions about support of or opposition to groundwater management, and hence they must be undertaken with considerable care and resolved by consensus among users. Although the negotiations are expected to be extensive and complicated, there is a substantial basis for agreement because all users stand to gain; the question is, who will gain the most?
Brane Splitting via Quantum Tunneling
Creators: name: Ng, Selena
name: Perry, Malcolm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-centred AdS_7 x S^4 solution of eleven-dimensional supergravity using the Euclidean path-integral approach, and find that it can be interpreted as an instanton, signalling the splitting of the throat of the M5 brane. The instanton is interpreted as indicating a coherent superposition of the quantum states corresponding to classically distinct solutions. This is a surprising result since it leads, through the AdS/CFT correspondence, to contradictory implications for the dual (2,0) superconformal field theory on the M5 brane. We also argue that similar instantons should exist for other branes in ten- and eleven-dimensional supergravity. The counterterm subtraction technique for gravitational instantons, which arose from the AdS/CFT correspondence, is examined in terms of its applicability to our results. Connections are also made to the work of Maldacena et al on anti-de Sitter fragmentation.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX; v3: Minor clarifications and references added. Comments on self-dual field strengths added in Section 5.2, and on entropy in the final section. Version to appear in Nuclear Physics B
Psychostimulant Use for Neuroenhancement (Smart Drugs) among College Students in Brazil
Creators: name: Preta, Bianca De Oliveira Cata
name: Miranda, Vanessa Iribarrem Avena
name: Bertoldi, Andréa Dâmaso
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: College students are susceptible to using cognitive enhancement drugs, also known as smart drugs. Objectives: estimate the prevalence of smart drug use and investigate the factors related to access and use among undergraduate students. Methods: cross-sectional study performed among all students who entered the university in 2017 using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Smart drug usage was defined as taking methylphenidate, modafinil or piracetam at any point in life and in the preceding 12 months. We characterized the means of obtaining smart drugs, reasons for using and students’ residential situation. We asked students who did not use any medication if they were interested in taking it and the reasons for not using. Results: Out of 1865 respondents, 4.2% had used smart drugs in the last 12 months, and the prevalence among law students reached 14.3%. The most commonly used smart drug was methylphenidate. Among the students who did not present ADD diagnosis, the drug was obtained mostly through a friend. More than 300 students reported a desire to use some smart drug, but they did not, mainly due to the fear of side effects. Conclusions: The current study has found a variety of frequency of smart drug use among college students and has also showed that many students are willing to take some kind of cognitive enhancement drug. Therefore, it is important to discuss this issue from a public health perspective.
Additional file 1 of A study on the digital restoration of an ancient city based on historic building information modeling of wooden architectural heritage: focusing on Suwon Hwaseong
Creators: name: Kim, Sunghyun
name: Lee, JiHyung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1 (DOCX 823 KB).
Deuteron-Nucleus Collisions in a Multi-Phase Transport Model
Creators: name: Lin, Zi-wei
name: Ko, Che Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model, we study pseudo-rapidity distributions and transverse momentum spectra in deuteron-gold collisions at RHIC. We find that final-state partonic and hadronic interactions affect the transverse momentum spectrum of protons more than those of kaons or pions. Relative to p+p collisions at same center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair, the effect of final-state interactions on the charged particle transverse momentum spectra in d+Au collisions is much smaller than observed in experimental data, indicating that initial-state effects such as the Cronin effect are important.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures, revtex4. Much expanded by adding results on transverse momentum spectra
The role of social networks in an imperfect market for agricultural technology products: Evidence on Bt cotton adoption in Pakistan
Creators: name: Ma, Xingliang
name: Spielman, David J.
name: Nazli, Hina
name: Zambrano, Patricia
name: Zaidi, Fatima
name: Kouser, Shahzad
name: Ma, Xingliang
name: Spielman, David J.
name: Nazli, Hina
name: Zambrano, Patricia
name: Zaidi, Fatima
name: Kouser, Shahzad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: social networks
subject: Bt cotton
subject: Pakistan
subject: technology adoption

description: Social networks play an important role in generating learning externalities that can drive the diffusion of innovative, and potentially poverty-reducing, technologies. This is particularly the case in developing countries where rural education, extension, and agricultural information services are underprovided. The recent introduction of genetically modified insect-resistant Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton in Pakistan represents an example where imperfect markets, weak extension services, and information asymmetries limit the ability of farmers to make informed decisions on how to take best advantage of the technology. This study explores the role of social networks and learning externalities in the adoption of Bt cotton in Pakistan. We model how information from social network members influences farmers’ adoption decisions, controlling for farmers’ characteristics, cotton growing conditions, and other possible information sources. We apply our model to a representative sample of 728 cotton-growing households randomly selected in 2012-13 from 52 villages across Punjab and Sindh. We also assess the role of input dealers, progressive farmers, public extension agents, and farmers’ individual characteristics in the uptake of the technology. Results suggest that communication within social networks helps disseminate information about Bt cotton cultivation and has encouraged its adoption.
Spacetime structure near generic horizons and soft hair
Creators: name: Grumiller, Daniel
name: Pérez, Alfredo
name: Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.
name: Troncoso, Ricardo
name: Zwikel, Céline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the spacetime structure near non-extremal horizons in any spacetime dimension greater than two and discover a wealth of novel results: 1. Different boundary conditions are specified by a functional of the dynamical variables, describing inequivalent interactions at the horizon with a thermal bath. 2. The near horizon algebra of a set of boundary conditions, labeled by a parameter $s$, is given by the semi-direct sum of diffeomorphisms at the horizon with "spin-$s$ supertranslations". For $s=1$ we obtain the first explicit near horizon realization of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra. 3. For another choice, we find a non-linear extension of the Heisenberg algebra, generalizing recent results in three spacetime dimensions. This algebra allows to recover the aforementioned (linear) ones as composites. 4. These examples allow to equip not only black holes, but also cosmological horizons with soft hair. We also discuss implications of soft hair for black hole thermodynamics and entropy.
description: 20 pages
Information efficiency in a lemons market: Evidence from Bt cotton seed market in Pakistan
Creators: name: Ma, Xingliang
name: Spielman, David J.
name: Nazli, Hina
name: Zambrano, Patricia
name: Zaidi, Fatima
name: Kouser, Shahzad
name: Ma, Xingliang
name: Spielman, David J.
name: Nazli, Hina
name: Zambrano, Patricia
name: Zaidi, Fatima
name: Kouser, Shahzad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Bt cotton
subject: asymmetric information
subject: Pakistan

description: Efficient information exchanges between sellers and buyers are essential if prices are to act as a signal for resource allocation in an economy. In the case of seed and planting materials, information on quality traits are often difficult for consumers (farmers) to obtain prior to purchase, resulting in failures in the market for seed-based technologies. While regulations on seed certification, labeling and packaging seek to remedy this problem, such regulations are often difficult to enforce where markets are large and diverse, or where the government’s regulatory infrastructure is limited. The market for genetically modified insect-resistant Bt (bacillus thuringiensis) cotton seed in Pakistan appears to be one of these markets. In this paper, we test for the presence of asymmetric information in the seed market by comparing the quality of seed purchased across a representative sample of cotton farmers in Pakistan’s two main cotton-growing provinces. We also test for the extent to which seed prices reflect the efficacy of the insect-resistance traits—a quality trait that is generally unobservable by the farmer—as measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) readings of the Bt toxin expression levels. Drawing on initial results from these tests, we then explore the various regulatory mechanisms and market instruments that can be used to help farmers to better infer Bt seed quality.
Linkages between Agriculture and Food Industry, and Food Processing by Farmers in Korea
Creators: name: Gouk, Seung-Yong
name: Gouk, Seung-Yong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: food system
subject: agriculture
subject: vertical coordination
subject: index of power of dispersion
subject: index of sensitivity of dispersion

description: The food industry’s development is relatively closely linked with the development of upstream industries such as farming that supply raw ingredients. As a result of this study, it is proven that agriculture and the food industry are closely connected in the food system structure and input structure of agricultural products. Using an effect analysis, we confirmed that the food industry has the characteristic of having bigger backward linkage effect than forward linkage effect. The farmers’ attitude toward food processing varies from product to product. In the case of fresh agricultural products that are difficult to store long term, the ratio of farmers making use of processing to get rid of low-quality off-grade agricultural products was high. However, in the case of bean, which is easy to store long term, it was shown that farmers prefer processing since they can sell it as a raw ingredient at a higher unit price. It is necessary to prepare measures that would allow stable procurement of raw ingredients by expanding the transaction volume through farmers’ alliance. Moreover, it is necessary to build a foundation for stable production of processed foods by developing various processed food products using fresh products and by opening up new markets.
The repercussions of foreign direct investment, renewable energy and health expenditure on environmental decay? An econometric analysis of B&RI countries
Creators: name: Khan, Anwar
name: Hussain, Jamal
name: Bano, Sadia
name: Chenggang, Yang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: To achieve the objectives of the study, we have analyzed the repercussions of income, foreign direct investment, health expenditure and renewable energy consumption on environmental pollution (CO2) in a panel of Belt and Road Initiative (B&RI) countries over the time span 1995–2016. The study employed a second-generation unit root test, panel co-integration, two-step generalized method of moments (GMM), fully modified least squares (FMOLS), symmetric and asymmetric causalities for robust inference. The cointegration results established the long-run relationship between the variables. Empirical results indicated the effectiveness of renewable energy in combatting CO2 emissions, the negative sign of FDI with CO2 emissions negates the existence of the pollution haven hypothesis for the B&RI panel. Where income and health expenditure accelerates CO2 emissions, which degrades the environment, these results in the case of individual countries differ in various stages. Varieties of symmetric and asymmetric causalities are also discussed in the study. The study concludes with long term policies, which are necessary for the sustained growth of B&RI countries.
Additional file 1 of Health effects of children’s summer holiday programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Eglitis, Emily
name: Singh, Ben
name: Olds, Timothy
name: Virgara, Rosa
name: Machell, Amanda
name: Richardson, Mandy
name: Brannelly, Kylie
name: Grant, Aniella
name: Gray, Jessica
name: Wilkinson, Terri
name: Rix, Zoe
name: Tomkinson, Grant R.
name: Maher, Carol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: PRISMA 2020 Checklist
Seebeck coefficient in low-dimensional fluctuating charge-density-wave systems
Creators: name: Mbodji, M.
name: Bourbonnais, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role of charge density-wave fluctuations on the temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient in quasi-one dimensional conductors with a Peierls instability. The description of low-dimensional incommensurate charge density-wave fluctuations as obtained by a generalized Ginzburg-Landau approach for arrays of weakly coupled chains is embodied in the numerical solution of the semi-classical Boltzmann transport equation. The energy and temperature dependence of the scattering time of electrons on fluctuations can then be extracted and its influence on the Seebeck coefficient calculated. The connexion between theory and experiments carried out on molecular conductors is presented and critically discussed.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Spectral swaps in a two-dimensional neutrino ring model
Creators: name: Martin, Joshua D.
name: Carlson, J.
name: Duan, Huaiyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos emitted deep within a supernova explosion experience a self-induced index of refraction. In the stationary, one-dimensional (1D) supernova "bulb model", this self-induced refraction can lead to a collective flavor transformation which is coherent among different neutrino momentum modes. Such collective oscillations can produce partial swaps of the energy spectra of different neutrino species as the neutrinos stream away from the proto-neutron star. However, it has been demonstrated that the spatial symmetries (such as the spherical symmetry in the bulb model) can be broken spontaneously by collective neutrino oscillations in multi-dimensional models. Using a stationary, 2D neutrino ring model we demonstrate that there exist two limiting scenarios where collective oscillations may occur. In one limit, the collective flavor transformation begins at a radius with relatively high neutrino densities and develops small-scale flavor structures. The loss of the spatial correlation in the neutrino flavor field results in similar (average) energy spectra for the anti-neutrinos of almost all energies and the neutrinos of relatively high energies. In the other limit, the flavor transformation starts at a radius where the neutrino densities are smaller (e.g., due to the suppression of the high matter density near the proto-neutron star). Although the spatial symmetry is broken initially, it is restored as the neutrino densities decrease, and the neutrinos of different flavors partially swap their energy spectra as in the 1D bulb model. This finding may have interesting ramifications in other aspects of supernova physics.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Dynamics of Cosmological Perturbations in Position Space
Creators: name: Bashinsky, Sergei
name: Bertschinger, Edmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the linear dynamics of cosmological perturbations can be described by coupled wave equations, allowing their efficient numerical and, in certain limits, analytical integration directly in position space. The linear evolution of any perturbation can then be analyzed with the Green's function method. Prior to hydrogen recombination, assuming tight coupling between photons and baryons, neglecting neutrino perturbations, and taking isentropic (adiabatic) initial conditions, the obtained Green's functions for all metric, density, and velocity perturbations vanish beyond the acoustic horizon. A localized primordial cosmological perturbation expands as an acoustic wave of photon-baryon density perturbation with narrow spikes at its acoustic wavefronts. These spikes provide one of the main contributions to the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropy on all experimentally accessible scales. The gravitational interaction between cold dark matter and baryons causes a dip in the observed temperature of the radiation at the center of the initial perturbation. We first model the radiation by a perfect fluid and then extend our analysis to account for finite photon mean free path. The resulting diffusive corrections smear the sharp features in the photon and baryon density Green's functions over the scale of Silk damping.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, matches the version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Price Transmission Mechanism among Disaggregated Processing Stages of Food: Demand-Pull or Cost-Push?
Creators: name: Kwon, Dae-Heum
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Kwon, Dae-Heum
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: food price surge
subject: price transmission mechanism
subject: processing stages of food
subject: Granger causality test

description: The recent concurrent surges of food and commodity prices renew the debate on the causal directions between producer and consumer prices. To address this issue, we utilize the stage of processing system incorporating retail stage beyond crude, intermediate, and finished processing stages of food and employ the method proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lütkepohl (1996) of Granger causality tests. The overall results show that consistent with theory of derived demand, the demand-pull mechanism coexisted with the cost-push processes in 1985-2001. However, the upward cost-push pressures dominate the demand-pull mechanism through various transmission channels in 2002-2008.
Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) Csuzdi 1996
Creators: name: Csuzdi, Csaba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Octochaetidae
Dichogaster

description: Genus Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) Csuzdi, 1996
 Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) Csuzdi 1996, p 355.
description: Published as part of Csuzdi, Csaba, 2005, Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Sao Tomé, pp. 3039-3058 in Journal of Natural History 39 (33) on page 3043, DOI: 10.1080/00222930500198403, http://zenodo.org/record/5220093