cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Refractory elements in the gas phase for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Creators: name: Rubin, Martin
name: Altwegg, Kathrin
name: Berthelier, Jean-Jacques
name: Combi, Michael R.
name: De Keyser, Johan
name: Dhooghe, Frederik
name: Fuselier, Stephen
name: Gombosi, Tamas I.
name: Hänni, Nora
name: Müller, Daniel
name: Pestoni, Boris
name: Wampfler, Susanne F.
name: Wurz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results. We found that gas-phase silicon was present throughout the Rosetta mission. Furthermore, the presence of sodium and iron atoms near the comet's perihelion confirms that sputtering cannot be the sole release process for refractory elements into the gas phase. Nickel was found to be below the detection limit. The search for parent species of any of the identified gas phase refractories has not been successful. Upper limits for a suite of possible fragment species (SiH, SiC, NaH, etc.) of larger parent and daughter species have been obtained. Furthermore, Si did not exhibit the same drop in signal as do common cometary gases when the spacecraft is pointed away from the nucleus. The combined results suggest that a direct release of elemental species from small grains on the surface of the nucleus or from small grains in the surrounding coma is a more likely explanation than the previous assumption of release via the dissociation of gaseous parent molecules.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Could the Cosmological Recombination Spectrum Help Us Understand Annihilating Dark Matter?
Creators: name: Chluba, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explore the potential effects of DM annihilations on the cosmological recombination spectrum. With this example we want to demonstrate that the cosmological recombination spectrum in principle is sensitive to details related to possible extra energy release during recombination. We restrict ourselves to DM models which produce a negligible primordial distortion of the CMB energy spectrum. However, since during the epoch of cosmological recombination a large fraction of the deposited energy can directly go into ionizations and excitations of neutral atoms, both the cosmological recombination spectrum and ionization history can still be affected significantly. We compute the modifications to the cosmological recombination spectrum using our multi-level HI and HeI recombination code, showing that additional photons are created due to uncompensated loops of transitions which are induced by DM annihilations. As we illustrate here, the results depend on the detailed branching of the deposited energy into heating, ionizations and excitations. This dependence in principle should allow us to shed light on the nature of the underlying annihilating DM model (or more generally speaking, the mechanism leading to energy injection) when measuring the cosmological recombination spectrum. However, for current upper limits on the potential DM annihilation rate during recombination the cosmological recombination spectrum is only affected at the level of a few percent. Nevertheless, we argue here that the cosmological recombination spectrum would provide another independent and very direct way of checking for the presence of sources of extra ionizing or exciting photons at high redshifts. This would open an new window to possible (non-standard) processes occurring (abridged)
description: 14 pages, 11 figure, submitted to MNRAS
The Onfp Class in the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Walborn, Nolan R.
name: Howarth, Ian D.
name: Evans, Christopher J.
name: Crowther, Paul A.
name: Moffat, Anthony F. J.
name: St-Louis, Nicole
name: Farina, Cecilia
name: Bosch, Guillermo L.
name: Morrell, Nidia I.
name: Barba, Rodolfo H.
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Onfp class of rotationally broadened, hot spectra was defined some time ago in the Galaxy, where its membership to date numbers only eight. The principal defining characteristic is a broad, centrally reversed He II $λ$4686 emission profile; other emission and absorption lines are also rotationally broadened. Recent surveys in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) have brought the class membership there, including some related spectra, to 28. We present a survey of the spectral morphology and rotational velocities, as a first step toward elucidating the nature of this class. Evolved, rapidly rotating hot stars are not expected theoretically, because the stellar winds should brake the rotation. Luminosity classification of these spectra is not possible, because the principal criterion (He II $λ$4686) is peculiar; however, the MCs provide reliable absolute magnitudes, which show that they span the entire range from dwarfs to supergiants. The Onfp line-broadening distribution is distinct and shifted toward larger values from those of normal O dwarfs and supergiants with >99.99% confidence. All cases with multiple observations show line-profile variations, which even remove some objects from the class temporarily. Some of them are spectroscopic binaries; it is possible that the peculiar profiles may have multiple causes among different objects. The origin and future of these stars are intriguing; for instance, they could be stellar mergers and/or gamma-ray-burst progenitors.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables; AJ accepted
Multi-wavelength observations of the energetic GRB 080810: detailed mapping of the broadband spectral evolution
Creators: name: Page, K. L.
name: Willingale, R.
name: Bissaldi, E.
name: Postigo, A. de Ugarte
name: Holland, S. T.
name: McBreen, S.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Osborne, J. P.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
name: Rol, E.
name: Rykoff, E. S.
name: Starling, R. L. C.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: van der Horst, A. J.
name: Wiersema, K.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Aceituno, F. J.
name: Akerlof, C.
name: Beardmore, A. P.
name: Briggs, M. S.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Connaughton, V.
name: Evans, P. A.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Howard, A. W.
name: Kennea, J. A.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Pagani, C.
name: Preece, R.
name: Perley, D.
name: Yuan, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRB 080810 was one of the first bursts to trigger both Swift and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. It was subsequently monitored over the X-ray and UV/optical bands by Swift, in the optical by ROTSE and a host of other telescopes and was detected in the radio by the VLA. The redshift of z= 3.355 +/- 0.005 was determined by Keck/HIRES and confirmed by RTT150 and NOT. The prompt gamma/X-ray emission, detected over 0.3-10^3 keV, systematically softens over time, with E_peak moving from ~600 keV at the start to ~40 keV around 100 s after the trigger; alternatively, this spectral evolution could be identified with the blackbody temperature of a quasithermal model shifting from ~60 keV to ~3 keV over the same time interval. The first optical detection was made at 38 s, but the smooth, featureless profile of the full optical coverage implies that this originated from the afterglow component, not the pulsed/flaring prompt emission. Broadband optical and X-ray coverage of the afterglow at the start of the final X-ray decay (~8 ks) reveals a spectral break between the optical and X-ray bands in the range 10^15 - 2x10^16 Hz. The decay profiles of the X-ray and optical bands show that this break initially migrates blueward to this frequency and then subsequently drifts redward to below the optical band by ~3x10^5 s. GRB 080810 was very energetic, with an isotropic energy output for the prompt component of 3x10^53 erg and 1.6x10^52 erg for the afterglow; there is no evidence for a jet break in the afterglow up to six days following the burst.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 4 in colour. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The role of imagery in children’s linked noun pair learning
Creators: name: Catchpole, Michael John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An experiment was conducted in order to distinguish between semantic elaboration and interacting imagery theories of children's linked noun pair learning. Grades 2 and 6 students were presented with sixteen pairs of nouns linked by different types of connectives and following learning set presentation were required to recall the second noun of each pair upon presentation of the first. One third of the Ss in each grade were asked to form visual images of the two nouns of each pair (Imagery Prompting condition); one third were instructed to form interacting images of each pair (Imagery Training condition); and the remaining Ss were given no special instruction (No Training condition). Results from the experiment showed No Training and Imagery Training Ss to be unaffected by the type of connective employed to link the pairs. However, those Ss in the Imagery Prompting condition recalled significantly more pairs linked by interaction suggesting links (i.e., verbs and interaction suggesting prepositions) relative to pairs linked by connectives which did not suggest a physical interaction (i.e., conjunctions and non-interaction suggesting prepositions). The results were interpreted as favouring an interacting imagery rather than semantic elaboration theory of children's linked noun pair learning.
Online programming system for robotic fillet welding in Industry 4.0
Creators: name: Díaz-Cano, Ignacio
name: Quintana, Fernando M.
name: Lopez-Fuster, Miguel
name: Badesa, Francisco-Javier
name: Galindo, Pedro L.
name: Morgado-Estevez, Arturo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: J.7
subject: 68

description: Fillet welding is one of the most widespread types of welding in the industry, which is still carried out manually or automated by contact. This paper aims to describe an online programming system for noncontact fillet welding robots with U and L shaped structures, which responds to the needs of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this paper, the authors propose an online robot programming methodology that eliminates unnecessary steps traditionally performed in robotic welding, so that the operator only performs three steps to complete the welding task. First, choose the piece to weld. Then, enter the welding parameters. Finally, it sends the automatically generated program to the robot. The system finally managed to perform the fillet welding task with the proposed method in a more efficient preparation time than the compared methods. For this, a reduced number of components was used compared to other systems, such as, a structured light 3D camera, two computers and a concentrator, in addition to the six axis industrial robotic arm. The operating complexity of the system has been reduced as much as possible. To the best of the authors knowledge, there is no scientific or commercial evidence of an online robot programming system capable of performing a fillet welding process, simplifying the process so that it is completely transparent for the operator and framed in the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Its commercial potential lies mainly in its simple and low cost implementation in a flexible system capable of adapting to any industrial fillet welding job and to any support that can accommodate it.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Tunable thermal emission at infrared frequencies via tungsten gratings
Creators: name: Wan, Jones T. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The author investigates the manipulation of thermal emission by using one-dimensional tungsten gratings with different groove depths. It is found that, by systematically increasing the depth of the groove, the linearly polarized emission at particular frequencies can be substantially enhanced to achieve that of the blackbody radiation limit, whereas the emission in other frequency ranges shows no noticeable changes. The results can provide useful insights into the design of thermovoltaic applications.
Emozioni: la vergogna
Creators: name: Miniati, Francesco
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2009

description: The Author considers the shame as one of most important emotions because it talks about a complex inner world. It’s a diffuse thought the shame is tied to lot of imperfections but it usually is a faulty meaningful. So it’s not a failure but represents our need to be listened.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XI, I-2008
Le avventure di Alice tra controllo e cambiamento. Una rilettura pedagogica del classico di L. Carrol
Creators: name: Demozzi, Silvia
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2009

description: The essay gives a second reading of Carrol’s classics trought the examination of some categories as control and change. The pedagogical proposal reconsiders some existentials and educative abilities with particular attention to youthful context.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XI, I-2008
A Small-Step Operational Semantics for GP 2
Creators: name: Courtehoute, Brian
name: Plump, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The operational semantics of a programming language is said to be small-step if each transition step is an atomic computation step in the language. A semantics with this property faithfully corresponds to the implementation of the language. The previous semantics of the graph programming language GP 2 is not fully small-step because the loop and branching commands are defined in big-step style. In this paper, we present a truly small-step operational semantics for GP 2 which, in particular, accurately models diverging computations. To obtain small-step definitions of all commands, we equip the transition relation with a stack of host graphs and associated operations. We prove that the new semantics is non-blocking in that every computation either diverges or eventually produces a result graph or the failure state. We also show the finite nondeterminism property, viz. that each configuration has only a finite number of direct successors. The previous semantics of GP 2 is neither non-blocking nor does it have the finite nondeterminism property. We also show that, for a program and a graph that terminate, both semantics are equivalent, and that the old semantics can be simulated with the new one.
description: In Proceedings GCM 2021, arXiv:2112.10217
Characterization of heterogeneous intermediate ensembles on the guanidinium chloride-induced unfolding pathway of β-lactoglobulin
Creators: name: Pandey, Preeti
name: Meena, Naveen Kumar
name: Prakash, Amresh
name: Kumar, Vijay
name: Lynn, Andrew M.
name: Ahmad, Faizan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Folding pathway of β-LgA (β-lactoglobulin) evolves through the conformational α→β transition. The α→β transition is a molecular hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, β-LgA may serve as a good model for understanding molecular mechanism of protein aggregation involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we studied the conformational dynamics of β-LgA in 6 M GdmCl at different temperatures using MD simulations. Structural order parameters such as RMSD, Rg, SASA, native contacts (Q), hydrophobic distal-matrix and free-energy landscape (FEL) were used to investigate the conformational transitions. Our results show that GdmCl destabilizes secondary and tertiary structure of β-LgA by weakening the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bond network. Multidimensional FEL shows the presence of different unfolding intermediates at 400 K. I1 is long-lived intermediate which has mostly intact native secondary structure, but loose tertiary structure. I2 is structurally compact intermediate formed after the partial loss of secondary structure. The transiently and infrequently buried evolution of W19 shows that intermediate conformational ensembles are structurally heterogeneous. We observed that the intermediate conformations are largely stabilized by non-native H-bonds. The outcome of this work provides the molecular details of intermediates trapped due to non-native interactions that may be regarded as pathogenic conformations involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Buoni maestri: una replica a Massimo Fusillo, Daniele Scalise, Filippo La Porta e Gianluigi Rossini
Creators: name: Antonello, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Cagliari
Year: 2013

description: Che questa discussione su Dimenticare Pasolini si trovi in un numero speciale di «Between» dedicato all’insegnamento e agli ottant’anni di Remo Ceserani, è una felice intuizione dei suoi redattori. Si tratta certamente della sua collocazione più adatta e un giusto tributo a uno dei comparatisti e teorici della letteratura che con più acume e più apertura critica ha saputo radiografare  e discutere le emergenze letterarie e culturali di quella fase storica che è stata definita, a vario titolo, come postmoderna. In questo senso ringrazio sia Niccolò Scaffai come responsabile della sezione, sia soprattutto Massimo Fusillo per l’attenta, pertinente e generosa recensione, nonché Daniele Scalise, Filippo La Porta e Gianluigi Rossini per le repliche e i contributi del tutto concordi.
description: Between, Vol 3, N° 6 (2013): Insegnamenti. Per gli ottant'anni di Remo Ceserani
La «scientificità» della pedagogia ermeneutica
Creators: name: Pagano, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2010

description: The author investigates the relationship between scientific pedagogy and hermeneutic pedagogy. Research has entered into the epistemology of human sciences and their different positions. The author begins with the well known duality between analytic and continental arguing that this opposition, despite being just and well founded, should be reread and reinterpreted to subtract the hermeneutic pedagogy from a state of weakness and immaturity. This short dissertation on the scientific dimension of pedagogy never loses sight of a paradigm now very important as the complexity.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XII, I/II-2009
Additional file 1 of Interpretable CNN for ischemic stroke subtype classification with active model adaptation
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuo
name: Wang, Jing
name: Pei, Lulu
name: Liu, Kai
name: Gao, Yuan
name: Fang, Hui
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Zhao, Lu
name: Sun, Shilei
name: Wu, Jun
name: Song, Bo
name: Dai, Honghua
name: Li, Runzhi
name: Xu, Yuming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The 93 features in order of feature importance obtained by XGBoost.
La religione una risorsa formativa?
Creators: name: Nanni, Carlo
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2012

description: The text aims to show how religion can contribute to the achievement of the human person. Religion, connected to the social and cultural framework, joins the individual world in its complexity. Is godlinesses a possible teaching resource? Yes, when read according to a pedagogical perspective, which support human advancement, historical and cultural being. The dialogue, good practice for any learning, it poses as a means to fight the life fragmentation in the discovery of common traces to all humanity.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XIV, II-2011
Rileggendo Bruner
Creators: name: Manno, Mario
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2009

description: The essay is dedicated to one of most eminent Italian scholar of pedagogy, Leonardo Trisci-uzzi and the author reflects about the different manners to study pedagogy today. The classical authors, as Bruner, Piaget or Dewey, would to be central for young students of education for their human and professional growth. We want thinking peoples – says the author – and to obtain this result it’s necessary to return to classic literature.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XI, II-2008
Plant responses to ramet density and herbivory under natural field conditions: Impacts on volatile organic compound emissions and seed production
Creators: name: Herschberger, Jacob
name: Ciesla, Lukasz
name: Kersch-Becker, Mônica F.
name: Stieha, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310802
subject: Plant biochemistry
classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310806
subject: Plant physiology

description: Plants produce an array of floral olfactory and visual cues to attract pollinators searching for pollen and nectar. These cues can be influenced by biotic and abiotic environments where the plants reside. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of plants, which mediate pollinator attraction, are often influenced by herbivory and the neighboring plant community composition. Therefore, the combination of herbivory and neighboring plant identity may ultimately affect plant fitness via changes in VOC production of individual plants. In this study, we investigated whether herbivory and conspecific ramet density influence floral VOC emissions and seed production in Solidago altissima plants. We recorded leaf herbivory and ramet density surrounding one focal ramet in 1m2 plots. We then collected VOCs from the floral headspace and measured the seeds produced and seed set success by the focal ramet. Although ramet density and herbivory level reduced individual compound production and overall VOC emission richness and diversity, VOC emissions did not influence pollination success in S. altissima. This indicates that herbivory and ramet density influenced floral VOC emissions, but VOC production is not a mechanism that influenced plant reproduction in our study system. Ultimately, generalist pollinated plants such as S. altissima might not rely as much on chemical signaling during pollination events.
Before and after GDPR: tracking in mobile apps
Creators: name: Kollnig, Konrad
name: Binns, Reuben
name: Van Kleek, Max
name: Lyngs, Ulrik
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Tinsman, Claudine
name: Shadbolt, Nigel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Third-party tracking, the collection and sharing of behavioural data about individuals, is a significant and ubiquitous privacy threat in mobile apps. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was introduced in 2018 to protect personal data better, but there exists, thus far, limited empirical evidence about its efficacy. This paper studies tracking in nearly two million Android apps from before and after the introduction of the GDPR. Our analysis suggests that there has been limited change in the presence of third-party tracking in apps, and that the concentration of tracking capabilities among a few large gatekeeper companies persists. However, change might be imminent.
Toolset for Collecting Shell Commands and Its Application in Hands-on Cybersecurity Training
Creators: name: Švábenský, Valdemar
name: Vykopal, Jan
name: Tovarňák, Daniel
name: Čeleda, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.2

description: When learning cybersecurity, operating systems, or networking, students perform practical tasks using a broad range of command-line tools. Collecting and analyzing data about the command usage can reveal valuable insights into how students progress and where they make mistakes. However, few learning environments support recording and inspecting command-line inputs, and setting up an efficient infrastructure for this purpose is challenging. To aid engineering and computing educators, we share the design and implementation of an open-source toolset for logging commands that students execute on Linux machines. Compared to basic solutions, such as shell history files, the toolset's added value is threefold. 1) Its configuration is automated so that it can be easily used in classes on different topics. 2) It collects metadata about the command execution, such as a timestamp, hostname, and IP address. 3) Data are instantly forwarded to central storage in a unified, semi-structured format. This enables automated processing, both in real-time and post hoc, to enhance the instructors' understanding of student actions. The toolset works independently of the teaching content, the training network's topology, or the number of students working in parallel. We demonstrated the toolset's value in two learning environments at four training sessions. Over two semesters, 50 students played educational cybersecurity games using a Linux command-line interface. Each training session lasted approximately two hours, during which we recorded 4439 shell commands. The semi-automated data analysis revealed solution patterns, used tools, and misconceptions of students. Our insights from creating the toolset and applying it in teaching practice are relevant for instructors, researchers, and developers of learning environments. We provide the software and data resulting from this work so that others can use them.
description: IEEE FIE 2021 conference, 9 pages, 5 figure, 3 tables
Trying an IP Over NDN Packet Gateway
Creators: name: Márquez-Barreiro, Marielena
name: Rodríguez-Pérez, Miguel
name: Herrería-Alonso, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Even though the TCP/IP architecture has served the Internet quite satisfactorily during its more than forty years of lifespan, there are doubts about whether this host-centric paradigm is well suited for the communication patterns of modern applications. These applications mainly need to get information pieces without being bothered about where they are located in the network. Additionally, the lack of both in-built security mechanisms and proper global multicast support may also be a symptom of fundamental problems with the classic architecture. Proponents of the novel Information Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm assert that the replacement of the TCP/IP architecture with one based on the information itself could be the ideal solution to all these problems. However, if such a replacement ever takes place, it will need the help of some transition mechanisms, for instance, for the transmission of legacy IP traffic on top of the new ICN based networks. In this paper we design and optimize such an open source IP over ICN transition application using the Named Data Networking (NDN) proposal as our target ICN network. We performed several tests that confirm that our prototype is able to transparently transport IP traffic across a pure NDN network with negligible packets losses, low jitter, and good performance.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. In 20th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications (IUCC/CIT/DSCI/SmartCNS), 2021
Complete Integrability of a New Class of Hamiltonian Hydrodynamic Type Systems
Creators: name: Makridin, Zakhar V.
name: Pavlov, Maxim V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider a new class of Hamiltonian hydrodynamic type systems, whose conservation laws are polynomial with respect to one of field variables.
Organizational determinants of the use of sex in hiring decisions : a case study
Creators: name: Erickson, Linda Diane Lindgre
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The lack of sexual discrimination in hiring employees has been observed to be a function of organizational policies with respect to discrimination, the degree to which policies are communicated to members and adhered to by senior members, and the bureaucratization of hiring decisions. When the organization does not establish both a commitment to equal employment opportunities for women and men and the procedures to carry out that commitment, individual bias and beliefs about sex and work performance are used in selection. These beliefs pertain to the relation between the sex of the employee and job qualifications and the differential work performance of men and women workers. These beliefs, when systematically examined, however, are not supported empirically. An in-depth study of hiring practices was conducted in one organization, utilizing a number of research techniques. Demographic data for the labour force as a whole and descriptive statistical data for the organization studied were utilized to demonstrate the degree and persistence of the sex-segregation of occupations. Formal documents, records and policies of the organization pertaining to hiring were examined, and following a one month period of observation in the Personnel Office, loosely structured interviews were conducted with the Personnel officers. Then, to permit a more detailed examination of hiring practices, interviews were conducted with supervisors hiring employees for a sample of twenty-four positions. It was found that the organization does not have explicit policies against discrimination and that there are no written procedures governing the communication of job openings to applicants. Further, the procedures for selecting among applicants were demonstrated to be inadequate to insure unbiased selection. The lack of developed policies and procedures was attributed in part to the work load of the Personnel Office, the distribution of responsibility and authority for hiring in the organization, and the consequent decentralization of decision-making. In lieu of formal, standardized procedures for recruitment and selection, informal and sex-biased standards have developed. The differential communication of job openings to female and male applicants reflects the sex-typing of jobs in the organization. Job requirements and selection criteria are primarily defined by supervisors in individual departments and routinely include the specification of the sex of acceptable applicants. This specification is demonstrated to be based on contradictory and untested beliefs about the differential capabilities of women and men workers. Some limitations of the research project and suggestions for future research are discussed. The implications of these findings for a restructuring of the hiring process to restrict;: the use of sex are also discussed.
New deuterated species in TMC-1: Detection of CH2DC4H with the QUIJOTE line survey
Creators: name: Cabezas, C.
name: Fuentetaja, R.
name: Roueff, E.
name: Agundez, M.
name: Tercero, B.
name: Marcelino, N.
name: Pardo, J. R.
name: de Vicente, P.
name: Cernicharo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection in space of the single deuterated isotopologue of methyldiacetylene, CH2DC4H. A total of 12 rotational transitions, with J = 8-12 and Ka = 0 and 1, were identified for this species in TMC-1 in the 31.0-50.4 GHz range using the Yebes 40m radio telescope. The observed frequencies allowed us to obtain, for the first time, the spectroscopic parameters of this deuterated isotopologue. We derived a column density of (5.5+/-0.2)e11 cm-2. The abundance ratio between CH3C4H and CH2DC4H is 24+/-2. This ratio is similar to that found for the CH3C3N/CH2DC3N analogue system, which is 22+/-2.We did not detect the deuterated species CH3C4D, which has already been observed in laboratory experiments. The detection of deuterated CH3C4H allows us to extend the discussion on the chemical mechanisms of deuterium fractionation at work in TMC-1 using a new gas-phase chemical model with multiply deuterated molecules. Introducing a possible deuterium exchange reaction between CH3CCH and atomic deuterium allows us to account for the CH3C4H/CH2DC4H abundance ratio.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters on December 20th. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.03404
Effects of salt stress on sucrose metabolism and growth in Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis)
Creators: name: Li, Caihua
name: Li, Yuhuan
name: Chu, Peiyu
name: Hao-hao, Zhao
name: Wei, Zunmiao
name: Cheng, Yan
name: Liu, Xianxian
name: Zhao, Fengzhou
name: Li, Yan-jun
name: Zhang, Zhiwen
name: Zheng, Yi
name: Mu, Zhongsheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Salt stress is a major abiotic stress with detrimental effects on plants. Sucrose, the main product of photosynthesis in plants, is used as a source of energy for the development of Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis). Hua Xianzi, a variety of Chinese rose, was investigated in this study. Phenotypic traits such as digital biomass, greenness average, leaf angle and leaf area, as well as physiological characters such as proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, O2- and antioxidant enzymes such as SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), POD (Peroxidase), CAT (Catalase) and APX (Ascorbate Peroxidase), changed significantly in response to salt stress (150 mmol/L NaCl for 72 h). The physiological changes were examined based on photosynthetic and fluorescence indicators. Salt stress increased the concentration of glucose, fructose and sucrose, upregulated the expression of Rc-SS1, Rc-SS2, Rc-SPS1, Rc-SPS2, Rc-αA1, Rc-αA2, Rc-αA3, Rc-βA1 and Rc-βA3 genes. Finally, it decreased the starch content in leaves. This study revealed that salt stress disrupted the equilibrium of sucrose metabolism in leaves. This finding provides the basis for further research into the mechanism of salt tolerance adaption.
The morphology of the ejecta of SN 1987A at 31 years from 1150 to 10000 Å
Creators: name: Kangas, Tuomas
name: Fransson, Claes
name: Larsson, Josefin
name: France, Kevin
name: Chevalier, Roger
name: Kirshner, Robert
name: Lundqvist, Peter
name: Mattila, Seppo
name: Sollerman, Jesper
name: Utrobin, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopy of the ejecta of SN 1987A in 2017 and 2018 from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Very Large Telescope, covering the wavelength range between $1150$ and $10000$ Å. At 31 years, this is the first epoch with coverage over the ultraviolet-to-near-infrared range since 1995. We create velocity maps of the ejecta in the H$α$, Mg II $λ\lambda2796,2804$ and [O I] $λ\lambda6302,6366$ (vacuum) emission lines and study their morphology. All three lines have a similar morphology, but Mg II is blueshifted by $\sim$1000 km s$^{-1}$ relative to the others and stronger in the northwest. We also study the evolution of the line fluxes, finding a brightening by a factor of $\sim$9 since 1999 in Mg II, while the other line fluxes are similar in 1999 and 2018. We discuss implications for the power sources of emission lines at late times: thermal excitation due to heating by the X-rays from the ejecta-ring interaction is found to dominate the ultraviolet Mg II lines, while the infrared Mg II doublet is powered mainly by Ly$α$ fluorescence. The X-ray deposition is calculated based on merger models of SN 1987A. Far-ultraviolet emission lines of H$_2$ are not detected. Finally, we examine the combined spectrum of recently-discovered hotspots outside the equatorial ring. Their unresolved Balmer emission lines close to zero velocity are consistent with the interaction of fast ejecta and a clumpy, slowly moving outflow. A clump of emission in this spectrum, south of the equatorial ring at $\sim$1500 km s$^{-1}$, is likely associated with the reverse shock.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Equation of state and neutrino transfer in supernovae and neutron stars
Creators: name: Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We overview the progress of the tables of the equation of state for astrophysical simulations and the numerical methods of neutrino transfer. Hot and dense matter play essential roles in core-collapse supernovae and neutron stars. Equation of state determines the structure of compact objects and their dynamics through its behavior of thermodynamic quantities. In addition, neutrinos are trapped in supernova cores and neutron star mergers and frequently interact with matter to crucially affect dynamics in determining the explosion mechanism and the final form of compact objects. Therefore, it is essential to implement detailed processes of nuclear and neutrino physics in numerical simulations by having reliable data set of the equation of state and reaction rates. We show examples of developments of the equation of state and the neutrino transfer and discuss research directions toward understanding the explosive phenomena by the first principle calculation.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures; contribution to the EPJ A topical issue "CompOSE: a repository for Neutron Star Equations of State and Transport Properties"
Characterization of heterogeneous intermediate ensembles on the guanidinium chloride-induced unfolding pathway of β-lactoglobulin
Creators: name: Pandey, Preeti
name: Meena, Naveen Kumar
name: Prakash, Amresh
name: Kumar, Vijay
name: M. Lynn, Andrew
name: Ahmad, Faizan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Folding pathway of β-LgA (β-lactoglobulin) evolves through the conformational α→β transition. The α→β transition is a molecular hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, β-LgA may serve as a good model for understanding molecular mechanism of protein aggregation involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we studied the conformational dynamics of β-LgA in 6 M GdmCl at different temperatures using MD simulations. Structural order parameters such as RMSD, Rg, SASA, native contacts (Q), hydrophobic distal-matrix and free-energy landscape (FEL) were used to investigate the conformational transitions. Our results show that GdmCl destabilizes secondary and tertiary structure of β-LgA by weakening the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bond network. Multidimensional FEL shows the presence of different unfolding intermediates at 400 K. I1 is long-lived intermediate which has mostly intact native secondary structure, but loose tertiary structure. I2 is structurally compact intermediate formed after the partial loss of secondary structure. The transiently and infrequently buried evolution of W19 shows that intermediate conformational ensembles are structurally heterogeneous. We observed that the intermediate conformations are largely stabilized by non-native H-bonds. The outcome of this work provides the molecular details of intermediates trapped due to non-native interactions that may be regarded as pathogenic conformations involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Recent advances in selective catalytic reduction of NOx by carbon monoxide for flue gas cleaning process: a review
Creators: name: Gholami, Zahra
name: Luo, Guohua
name: Gholami, Fatemeh
name: Yang, Fan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: It is crucial to control NOx emission into the atmosphere because it can make several harmful health and environmental effects. Many techniques are available for NOx reduction, and among them, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is one of the most efficient techniques for NOx removal in flue gas cleaning process. The reduction of NOx by CO offers a simple and low-cost technology for reducing NOx emissions from mobile or stationary sources. In this review, NOx emission, different NOx control technologies, and the challenges for the SCR process are studied. This paper reviews various types of catalysts, including supported and unsupported metal oxide catalysts as efficient catalysts for NOx reduction by CO. The reported experimental researches are analyzed to make an overview of the NOx reduction through CO-SCR process. Moreover, catalytic performances in the presence of oxygen, water steam, and sulfur dioxide, which usually exist in exhaust gases produced in the combustion process, are discussed. Moreover, this paper reviews the possible reaction mechanisms for the CO–SCR.
Transcritical flow of a Bose-Einstein condensate through a penetrable barrier
Creators: name: Leszczyszyn, A. M.
name: El, G. A.
name: Gladush, Yu. G.
name: Kamchatnov, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of the transcritical flow of a Bose-Einstein condensate through a wide repulsive penetrable barrier is studied analytically using the combination of the localized "hydraulic" solution of the 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the solutions of the Whitham modulation equations describing the resolution of the upstream and downstream discontinuities through dispersive shocks. It is shown that within the physically reasonable range of parameters the downstream dispersive shock is attached to the barrier and effectively represents the train of very slow dark solitons, which can be observed in experiments. The rate of the soliton emission, the amplitudes of the solitons in the train and the drag force are determined in terms of the BEC oncoming flow velocity and the strength of the potential barrier. A good agreement with direct numerical solutions is demonstrated. Connection with recent experiments is discussed.
description: Revised version. 22 pages, 24 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Fake News Detection Tools and Methods -- A Review
Creators: name: Hangloo, Sakshini
name: Arora, Bhavna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the past decade, the social networks platforms and micro-blogging sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Weibo have become an integral part of our day-to-day activities and is widely used all over the world by billions of users to share their views and circulate information in the form of messages, pictures, and videos. These are even used by government agencies to spread important information through their verified Facebook accounts and official Twitter handles, as they can reach a huge population within a limited time window. However, many deceptive activities like propaganda and rumor can mislead users on a daily basis. In these COVID times, fake news and rumors are very prevalent and are shared in a huge number which has created chaos in this tough time. And hence, the need for Fake News Detection in the present scenario is inevitable. In this paper, we survey the recent literature about different approaches to detect fake news over the Internet. In particular, we firstly discuss fake news and the various terms related to it that have been considered in the literature. Secondly, we highlight the various publicly available datasets and various online tools that are available and can debunk Fake News in real-time. Thirdly, we describe fake news detection methods based on two broader areas i.e., its content and the social context. Finally, we provide a comparison of various techniques that are used to debunk fake news.
description: International E-conference on Recent Advancements in the Areas of Management, Social Science, Technology & Tourism
Isolation and characterization of novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus from pigs in the United States
Creators: name: Wang, Liping
name: Li, Yan
name: Walsh, Timothy
name: Shen, Zhenyu
name: Li, Yonghai
name: Nath, Nirmalendu Deb
name: Lee, Jinhwa
name: Zheng, Baoliang
name: Tao, Ying
name: Paden, Clinton R.
name: Queen, Krista
name: Zhang, Shuping
name: Tong, Suxiang
name: Ma, Wenjun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infects multiple mammalian species including humans. A United States Midwest swine farm with approximately one thousand 3-month-old pigs experienced an event, in which more than 300 pigs showed neurological signs, like “down and peddling”, with approximately 40% mortality. A novel MRV was isolated from the diseased pigs. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate was a reassortant virus containing viral gene segments from three MRV serotypes that infect human, bovine and swine. The M2 and S1 segment of the isolate showed 94% and 92% nucleotide similarity to the M2 of the MRV2 D5/Jones and the S1 of the MRV1 C/bovine/Indiana/MRV00304/2014, respectively; the remaining eight segments displayed 93%–95% nucleotide similarity to those of the MRV3 FS-03/Porcine/USA/2014. Pig studies showed that both MRV-infected and native contact pigs displayed fever, diarrhoea and nasal discharge. MRV RNA was detected in different intestinal locations of both infected and contact pigs, indicating that the MRV isolate is pathogenic and transmissible in pigs. Seroconversion was also observed in experimentally infected pigs. A prevalence study on more than 180 swine serum samples collected from two states without disease revealed 40%–52% positive to MRV. All results warrant the necessity to monitor MRV epidemiology and reassortment as the MRV could be an important pathogen for the swine industry and a novel MRV might emerge to threaten animal and public health.