Drosophila kinoole Magnacca, new species
Creators: name: Magnacca, Karl N.
name: Price, Donald K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila kinoole

description: Drosophila kinoole Magnacca, new species
Fig. 2
Diagnosis. Thoracic coloration and general habitus similar to D. oreas of Maui; differing by possessing a shorter, thicker apical seta on the palp (straight and about as long as the palp in D. kinoole, very thin, curved, and at least 1.5 times as long in D. oreas; compare Figs. 2 C and 7D), and in wing markings by lacking the median mark on R4+5 and having the dm-cu crossvein mark extended apically along M. The wing marks are similar to D. alsophila, but the thoracic coloration and ciliation of the front leg will immediately separate it from that species, as well as from sympatric members of the vesciseta subgroup. The holotype was originally labelled as D. aglaia, with which it is sympatric; in addition to the very different wing marks, D. aglaia has the third antennal segment pale white to yellow in males (rather than brown as in D. kinoole; also brown apically in females of D. aglaia), lacks strong palpal setae, has elongate cilia on the distitarsus, the median mesonotal stripe narrows posteriorly rather than broadening, and has the r-m crossvein placed on the apical half of cell M rather than the basal half (compare Figs. 1 B and 2B).
Description. Male. Head. Front pale, tinged with brown above; ocellar triangle and orbits darker brown. Fronto-orbital setae normal, anterior reclinate very small, about half as long as the proclinate and one-third as long as the posterior reclinate. Face and gena pale yellow except for a small brown spot below the eye. Antenna entirely brown; aristae damaged on holotype, apparently with about 8–9 dorsal and 3–4 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and numerous moderately long median branches. One strong oral vibrissa, other oral setulae small and hairlike. Palp brown, fading to pale yellow on the basal 1/4, broad and flattened, broadest near middle, rounded apically, with a strong, nearly straight apical seta, about as long as the palp. Labellum and mentum dark brown to black. Thorax. Mesonotum largely yellow with three strongly contrasting dark stripes; median stripe reaching the scutellum and expanding posteriorly to fill the area between the dorsocentral setae, lateral stripes narrowing posteriorly and ending near the posterior dorsocentral setae. Disc of scutellum dark. Pleura largely yellow, with three prominent dark marks—a broad stripe along the dorsal margin of the anepisternum (narrower posteriorly); a square mark on the anterior margin of the anepimeron; and posterodorsally on the katepisternum, extending slightly ventrad of the posterior katepisternal seta. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 3/4 as long as the posterior. Legs. All yellow except the mid and hind coxae marked with brown. Front tibia with anterodorsal and posterodorsal rows of 13–14 very long cilia along its entire length, longest at the base; dorsal surface with numerous irregularly placed shorter cilia. Front basitarsus about 3/5 as long as tibia, with about 15 irregularly placed dorsal cilia, longer than most of those on the tibia. Distitarsus lacking elongate cilia. Wings. Marks present at base, over ends of major veins, dm-cu crossvein, and medially on R2+3 (see Fig. 2). Basal mark small, extended narrowly along bases of veins to r-m crossvein. Apical segment of M slightly less than twice as long as the penultimate segment, r-m crossvein located at the basal 2/5 of cell dm (measured from the subbasal break), just beyond the end of R1. Costal fringe extending about 2/3 the distance between apex of R2+3 and R4+5. Abdomen. Entirely brown. Cerci slightly higher than long. Genitalia not dissected.
Female. Unknown.
Types. O‘ahu: Holotype 3, Kalua‘a Gulch, Pu‘u Hapapa area, 21.xi.1971, reared ex Urera bark, S.L. Montgomery (UHIM).
Distribution and ecology. O‘ahu, Wai‘anae range. Reared from bark of Urera sp. (‘ ōpuhe, Urticaceae).
Etymology. From the Hawaiian kino‘ole, frail (literally, “without body”), referring to both the state of the holotype, which is largely hollowed out, and the status of the species as a whole, which has not been collected before or since.
Discussion. This is the specimen identified as D. aglaia in Montgomery (1975); consequently, the host for that species is now unknown (see Discussion under D. kikiko). Based on the thoracic and wing coloration it appears to be most closely related to D. alsophila of Hawai‘i. That species has a completely pale thorax like members of the vesciseta subgroup, but is the only other species with a similar dm-cu crossvein mark; its collection records are also consistent with being a Urera breeder. The pleural marks are strikingly similar to the sympatric D. aglaia, but the mesonotal stripes, palpi, and wing coloration and venation are distinctly different. These characters have been examined in all specimens of D. aglaia at UHIM (N = 83 8Ƥ) and show no significant variation. The legs of the D. kinoole type are abraded and the ciliation is impossible to fully characterize, although it is sufficiently visible to differentiate from D. alsophila. Elongate cilia may naturally be present at the base of the tibia, as in D. oreas and D. aglaia, but the specimen does not have them. The specimen also appears to be slightly teneral and the wing pattern may not be fully developed. However, the combination of characters that are evident clearly distinguish it from any other known species, and given the importance of recognizing it if it appears in the future (and the possibility that it may already be extinct), we feel justified in describing it from this specimen.
description: Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K., 2012, New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3188 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215224