cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing CO and N$_2$ Snow Surfaces in Protoplanetary Disks with N$_2$H$^+$ Emission
Creators: name: Qi, Chunhua
name: Öberg, Karin I.
name: Espaillat, Catherine C.
name: Robinson, Connor E.
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Snowlines of major volatiles regulate the gas and solid C/N/O ratios in the planet-forming midplanes of protoplanetary disks. Snow surfaces are the 2D extensions of snowlines in the outer disk regions, where radiative heating results in a decreasing temperature with disk height. CO and N$_2$ are two of the most abundant carriers of C, N and O. N$_2$H$^+$ can be used to probe the snow surfaces of both molecules, because it is destroyed by CO and formed from N$_2$. Here we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of N$_2$H$^+$ at 0.2$''$-0.4$''$ resolution in the disks around LkCa 15, GM Aur, DM Tau, V4046 Sgr, AS 209, and IM Lup. We find two distinctive emission morphologies: N$_2$H$^+$ is either present in a bright, narrow ring surrounded by extended tenuous emission, or in a broad ring. These emission patterns can be explained by two different kinds of vertical temperature structures. Bright, narrow N$_2$H$^+$ rings are expected in disks with a thick Vertically Isothermal Region above the Midplane (VIRaM) layer (LkCa 15, GM Aur, DM Tau) where the N$_2$H$^+$ emission peaks between the CO and N$_2$ snowlines. Broad N$_2$H$^+$ rings come from disks with a thin VIRaM layer (V4046 Sgr, AS 209, IM Lup). We use a simple model to extract the first sets of CO and N$_2$ snowline pairs and corresponding freeze-out temperatures towards the disks with a thick VIRaM layer. The results reveal a range of N$_2$ and CO snowline radii towards stars of similar spectral type, demonstrating the need for empirically determined snowlines in disks.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Overview of the NSTX Control System
Creators: name: Sichta, P.
name: Dong, J.
name: Oliaro, G.
name: Roney, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.3;J.7

description: The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is an innovative magnetic fusion device that was constructed by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in collaboration with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Columbia University, and the University of Washington at Seattle. Since achieving first plasma in 1999, the device has been used for fusion research through an international collaboration of over twenty institutions. The NSTX is operated through a collection of control systems that encompass a wide range of technology, from hardwired relay controls to real-time control systems with giga-FLOPS of capability. This paper presents a broad introduction to the control systems used on NSTX, with an emphasis on the computing controls, data acquisition, and synchronization systems.
description: 3 PDF pages, 8th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems (PSN TUBT004), San Jose, CA, USA, November 27-30
Constant-temperature molecular-dynamics algorithms for mixed hard-core/continuous potentials
Creators: name: Houndonougbo, Yao A.
name: Laird, Brian B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a set of second-order, time-reversible algorithms for the isothermal (NVT) molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation of systems with mixed hard-core/continuous potentials. The methods are generated by combining real-time Nose' thermostats with our previously developed Collision Verlet algorithm [Mol. Phys. 98, 309 (1999)] for constant energy MD simulation of such systems. In all we present 5 methods, one based on the Nose'-Hoover [Phys. Rev. A 31, 1695 (1985)] equations of motion and four based on the Nose'-Poincare' [J.Comp.Phys., 151 114 (1999)] real-time formulation of Nose' dynamics. The methods are tested using a system of hard spheres with attractive tails and all correctly reproduce a canonical distribution of instantaneous temperature. The Nose'-Hoover based method and two of the Nose'-Poincare' methods are shown to have good energy conservation in long simulations.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Leptusa (Neopisalia) crinita ASSING 2007
Creators: name: Assing, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Leptusa
Leptusa crinita

description: Leptusa (Neopisalia) crinita ASSING 2007
 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Turkey:R i z e: 1ex.,32kmSSEArdeşen, SE Ayder, 40°56'N, 41°09'E, 1730 m, mixed forest (Alnus, Picea) with undergrowth (Rhododendron, Rubus), sifted, 10.VII.2008, leg. Assing (cAss).
C o m m e n t: This recently described species was previously known only from the type locality in Rize province (ASSING 2007).
description: Published as part of Assing, V., 2009, On the Leptusa species of Turkey. VII. Notes on distribution, a new species, a new synonymy, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 427-436 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (1) on page 430, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5276173
Flash Mixing on the White Dwarf Cooling Curve: Understanding Hot Horizontal Branch Anomalies in NGC 2808
Creators: name: Brown, Thomas M.
name: Sweigart, Allen V.
name: Lanz, Thierry
name: Landsman, Wayne B.
name: Hubeny, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a UV CMD spanning the hot horizontal branch (HB), blue straggler, and white dwarf populations of the globular cluster NGC 2808. These data were obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). Although previous optical CMDs of NGC 2808 show a high temperature gap within the hot HB population, no such gap is evident in our UV CMD. Instead, we find a population of hot subluminous HB stars, an anomaly only previously reported for the globular cluster omega Cen. Our modeling indicates that the location of these subluminous stars in the UV CMD, as well as the high temperature gap along the HB in optical CMDs, can be explained if these stars underwent a late He-core flash while descending the white dwarf cooling curve. We show that the convection zone produced by such a late He flash will penetrate into the H envelope, thereby mixing H into the hot He-burning interior, where it is rapidly consumed. This phenomenon is analogous to the "born again" scenario for producing H-deficient stars following a late He-shell flash. The flash mixing of the envelope greatly enhances the envelope He and C abundances, and leads, in turn, to a discontinuous increase in the HB effective temperatures at the transition between canonical and flash-mixed stars. We argue that the hot HB gap is associated with this theoretically predicted dichotomy in the HB properties. Moreover, the changes in the emergent spectral energy distribution caused by these abundance changes are primarily responsible for explaining the hot subluminous HB stars. Although further evidence is needed to confirm that a late He-core flash can account for the subluminous HB stars and the hot HB gap, we demonstrate that an understanding of these stars requires the use of appropriate theoretical models for their evolution, atmospheres, and spectra.
description: 26 pages, Latex. 17 figures. Uses corrected version of emulateapj.sty and apjfonts.sty (included). Accepted for publication in ApJ. T.M. Brown currently at STScI
Compact Disks in a High Resolution ALMA Survey of Dust Structures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
Creators: name: Long, Feng
name: Herczeg, Gregory J.
name: Harsono, Daniel
name: Pinilla, Paola
name: Tazzari, Marco
name: Manara, Carlo F.
name: Pascucci, Ilaria
name: Cabrit, Sylvie
name: Nisini, Brunella
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: Edwards, Suzan
name: Salyk, Colette
name: Menard, Francois
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
name: Boehler, Yann
name: Mace, Gregory N.
name: Liu, Yao
name: Mulders, Gijs D.
name: Hendler, Nathanial
name: Ragusa, Enrico
name: Fischer, William J.
name: Banzatti, Andrea
name: Rigliaco, Elisabetta
name: van der Plas, Gerrit
name: Dipierro, Giovanni
name: Gully-Santiago, Michael
name: Lopez-Valdivia, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high-resolution ($\sim0.''12$, $\sim16$ au, mean sensitivity of $50~μ$Jy~beam$^{-1}$ at 225 GHz) snapshot survey of 32 protoplanetary disks around young stars with spectral type earlier than M3 in the Taurus star-forming region using Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). This sample includes most mid-infrared excess members that were not previously imaged at high spatial resolution, excluding close binaries and highly extincted objects, thereby providing a more representative look at disk properties at 1--2 Myr. Our 1.3 mm continuum maps reveal 12 disks with prominent dust gaps and rings, 2 of which are around primary stars in wide binaries, and 20 disks with no resolved features at the observed resolution (hereafter smooth disks), 8 of which are around the primary star in wide binaries. The smooth disks were classified based on their lack of resolved substructures, but their most prominent property is that they are all compact with small effective emission radii ($R_{\rm eff,95\%} \lesssim 50$ au). In contrast, all disks with $R_{\rm eff,95\%}$ of at least 55 au in our sample show detectable substructures. Nevertheless, their inner emission cores (inside the resolved gaps) have similar peak brightness, power law profiles, and transition radii to the compact smooth disks, so the primary difference between these two categories is the lack of outer substructures in the latter. These compact disks may lose their outer disk through fast radial drift without dust trapping, or they might be born with small sizes. The compact dust disks, as well as the inner disk cores of extended ring disks, that look smooth at the current resolution will likely show small-scale or low-contrast substructures at higher resolution. The correlation between disk size and disk luminosity correlation demonstrates that some of the compact disks are optically thick at millimeter wavelengths.
description: ApJ accepted, 25 pages, 11 figures
Paulianidia microptera Lecoq 2008, n. sp.
Creators: name: Lecoq, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Paulianidia
Paulianidia microptera

description: Paulianidia microptera n. sp.
(Fig. 2A)
HOLOTYPE. — Madagascar Est, 11 km WSW Befingotra, rés. Anjanaharibe sud, 14°45’S, 49°27’E, 1565 m, forêt pluviale de montagne, extraction par Winkler de litière tamisée (feuilles et bois pourris), FMHD 94-58, 16.XI.1994, B. L. Fisher, 1 ♂ (FMNH).
DIAGNOSE. — Espèce caractéristique par sa réduction alaire et oculaire ainsi que par la forme particulière de l’édéage.
ÉTYMOLOGIE. — Ainsi nommé pour la petitesse de ses ailes membraneuses.
DESCRIPTION
Longueur 5-5,5 mm.Subaptère. Avant-corps, élytres et abdomen d’un roux ferrugineux, pattes plus claires.
 Tête un peu plus longue que large au niveau des yeux (R = 1,05). Tempes beaucoup plus longues que les yeux (R = 2,5), régulièrement convexes jusqu’au cou, les angles postérieurs inexistants. Ponctuation forte et dense dans la moitié antérieure, les points tangents entre eux, plus espacée sur le reste du disque jusqu’au cou (plus particulièrement au centre du disque et dans la région temporale), les points séparés de moins d’un demi-diamètre. Tégument lisse entre les points. Articles antennaires tous plus longs que larges; le 11 e en forme d’ogive presque deux fois plus long que le précédent.
Pronotum un peu plus long que large (R = 1,12), un peu plus étroit que la tête. Ponctuation de force analogue à celle de la tête mais moins dense: les points séparés de presque un diamètre. Bande médiane imponctuée, bien visible et entière de la base au sommet. Bords latéraux régulièrement convexes. Tégument lisse.
Élytres carrés, aussi longs et aussi larges que le pronotum. Ponctuation aussi forte que celle du pronotum, les points espacés d’au moins un diamètre, un peu plus rapprochés et un peu plus petits vers l’apex. Surface faiblement irrégulière. Tégument lisse entre les points.
Abdomen finement et assez densément ponctué. Tégument finement réticulé en travers. Tergite du propygidium sans liséré clair au bord postérieur.
Mâle: sternite du pygidium largement et profondément échancré, le fond largement arrondi.
Édéage: lobe médian séparé en deux à l’apex. Paramères larges plus longs que le lobe médian, avec un net élargissement avant l’apex, lequel se termine en mince et étroite membrane incolore.
Femelle inconnue.
description: Published as part of Lecoq, Jean-Claude, 2008, Révision du genre Paulianidia Jarrige, 1978 de Madagascar (Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 579-603 in Zoosystema 30 (3) on page 585, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5390906
Plasmoid impacts on neutron stars and highest energy cosmic rays
Creators: name: Litwin, C.
name: Rosner, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle acceleration by electrostatic polarization fields that arise in plasmas streaming across magnetic fields is discussed as a possible acceleration mechanism of highest-energy cosmic rays. Specifically, plasmoids arising in planetoid impacts onto neutron star magnetospheres are considered. We find that such impacts at plausible rates may account for the observed flux and energy spectrum of the highest energy cosmic rays.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett., uses REVTEX
Leptusa (Neopisalia) sica ASSING 2003
Creators: name: Assing, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Leptusa
Leptusa sica

description: Leptusa (Neopisalia) sica ASSING 2003
 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Turkey: R i z e: 35exs.,32kmSSEArdeşen, SE Ayder, 40°56'N, 41°09'E, 1730 m, mixed forest (Alnus, Picea) with undergrowth (Rhododendron, Rubus), sifted, 10.VII.2008, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, cSch); 38 exs., 25 km S Pazar, 40°58'N, 40°52'E, 670 m, moist mixed forest (Picea, Castanea, Rhododendron), litter sifted, 11.VII.2008, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, cSch).
 C o m m e n t: The known distribution of L. sica is confined to several localities in Rize province (ASSING 2003, 2007). Some of the above specimens are teneral.
description: Published as part of Assing, V., 2009, On the Leptusa species of Turkey. VII. Notes on distribution, a new species, a new synonymy, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 427-436 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (1) on page 431, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5276173
Confronting expansion distances of planetary nebulae with Gaia DR2 measurements
Creators: name: Schönberner, D.
name: Steffen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Individual distances to planetary nebulae are of the utmost relevance for our understanding of post-asymptotic giant-branch evolution because they allow a precise determination of stellar and nebular properties. Also, objects with individual distances serve as calibrators for the so-called statistical distances based on secondary nebular properties. With independently known distances, it is possible to check empirically our understanding of the formation and evolution of planetary nebulae as suggested by existing hydrodynamical simulations. We compared the expansion parallaxes that have recently been determined for a number of planetary nebulae with the trigonometric parallaxes provided by the Gaia Data Release 2. Except for two out of 11 nebulae, we found good agreement between the expansion and the Gaia trigonometric parallaxes without any systematic trend with distance. Therefore, the Gaia measurements also prove that the correction factors necessary to convert proper motions of shocks into Doppler velocities cannot be ignored. Rather, the size of these correction factors and their evolution with time as predicted by 1-D hydrodynamical models of planetary nebulae is basically validated. These correction factors are generally greater than unity and are different for the outer shell and the inner bright rim of a planetary nebula. The Gaia measurements also confirm earlier findings that spectroscopic methods often lead to an overestimation of the distance. They also show that even modelling of the entire system of star and nebula by means of sophisticated photoionization modeling may not always provide reliable results. The Gaia measurements confirm the basic correctness of the present radiation-hydrodynamics models, which predict that both the shell and the rim of a planetary nebula are two independently expanding entities.
description: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics; 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Tetracanthella bichaeta Potapov & Deharveng 2005, n. sp.
Creators: name: Potapov, Mikhail
name: Deharveng, Louis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Collembola
Entomobryomorpha
Isotomidae
Tetracanthella
Tetracanthella bichaeta

description: Tetracanthella bichaeta n. sp.
(Fig. 1)
 TYPE MATERIAL. — Switzerland. Les Diablerets, 2550 m, lichens and mosses on limestone rocks, 1.VIII.1982, L. Deharveng leg. (sample # SUI3), holotype and 2 paratypes (MNHN); 1 paratype (MSPU).
ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name is given for the unusual presence of two clavate tenent hairs on tibiotarsi of the first pair of legs.
DISTRIBUTION. — Only known from the type locality.
DESCRIPTION
Body length 1-1.2 mm. Body rather broad. Coloration dark, including antennae. Two kinds of dorsal plates: many small polygons (much smaller than mesochaeta socket) regularly scattered among larger ones (roundish, slightly smaller than mesochaeta socket) (Fig. 1G); polygons not larger on Abd. IV or V. Canals between polygons well marked. Smooth fields absent. Dorsal mesochaetae of medium size, longer in posterior rows of tergites. Mesochaetae not shortened in axial part of tergites: Abd. IV with p3 subequal to p1. Macrochaetae long and acuminate, curved at apex. 8+8 ocelli, G and H reduced (dcA/dcH = 1.5- 1.7). PAO short, about two times as long as the diameter of ocellus A (Fig. 1A). Chaeta s’ of ant. III in males absent. Three prelabral chaetae. Outer maxillary lobe with two sublobal hairs. Five chaetae between medial line and pc3 on head. Frontal chaeta ap present.
description: Published as part of Potapov, Mikhail & Deharveng, Louis, 2005, Three new species of Tetracanthella (Collembola, Isotomidae) from western Europe, pp. 85-93 in Zoosystema 27 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5390855
Some Facets of Complexity Theory and Cryptography: A Five-Lectures Tutorial
Creators: name: Rothe, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.3; F.1.3; F.2.2

description: In this tutorial, selected topics of cryptology and of computational complexity theory are presented. We give a brief overview of the history and the foundations of classical cryptography, and then move on to modern public-key cryptography. Particular attention is paid to cryptographic protocols and the problem of constructing the key components of such protocols such as one-way functions. A function is one-way if it is easy to compute, but hard to invert. We discuss the notion of one-way functions both in a cryptographic and in a complexity-theoretic setting. We also consider interactive proof systems and present some interesting zero-knowledge protocols. In a zero-knowledge protocol one party can convince the other party of knowing some secret information without disclosing any bit of this information. Motivated by these protocols, we survey some complexity-theoretic results on interactive proof systems and related complexity classes.
description: 57 pages, 17 figures, Lecture Notes for the 11th Jyvaskyla Summer School
Leptusa (Roubaliusa) SCHEERPELTZ
Creators: name: Assing, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Leptusa

description: 3.2 Subgenus Roubaliusa SCHEERPELTZ
This subgenus is represented in Turkey only by a single species, whose distribution is confined to northeastern Anatolia.
description: Published as part of Assing, V., 2009, On the Leptusa species of Turkey. VII. Notes on distribution, a new species, a new synonymy, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 427-436 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (1) on page 431, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5276173
Influence of irradiation on the space-time structure of shock waves
Creators: name: Maruhn, J. A.
name: Mishustin, I. N.
name: Satarov, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-range energy deposition by heavy-ion beams makes new types of shock wave experiments possible in the laboratory. We have investigated a situation that is of relevance to supernova dynamics in astrophysics, where a shock wave is irradiated by a flux of neutrinos depositing energy throughout the shock wave and surrounding matter, thus changing the behaviour of the running shock. We have carried out fluid-dynamical simulations to study generic features of stimulated shock waves. First we consider an idealized case assuming uniform energy deposition into a planar shock wave propagating through an ideal gas. Then we investigate more realistic situations realizable in laboratory experiments with heavy-ion beams. We have found that energy deposition leads to two important effects: acceleration of the shock front and decay of the shock strength. The possibility of laboratory experiments is briefly discussed.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Additional file 1 of Effect of prior cancer on survival of hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for clinical trial eligibility criteria
Creators: name: Sun, Xuqi
name: Li, Lingling
name: Xu, Li
name: Zhou, Zhongguo
name: Chen, Jinbin
name: Wang, Juncheng
name: Zhang, Yaojun
name: Hu, Dandan
name: Chen, Minshan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplement Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients with HCC diagnosed in 2009–2017 from Our Cancer Center.
Neutral Hydrogen and Star Formation in the Irregular Galaxy NGC 2366
Creators: name: Hunter, D. A.
name: Elmegreen, B. G.
name: van Woerden, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present UBVJHKHalpha and HI data of the irregular galaxy NGC 2366. It is a normal boxy-shaped disk seen at high inclination angle. We do not see any unambiguous observational signature of a bar. There is an asymmetrical extension of stars along one end of the major axis of the galaxy, and this is where the furthest star-forming regions are found, at 1.3R_Holmberg. The HI is normal in many respects but shows some anomalies: 1) The integrated HI shows two ridges running parallel to the major axis that deproject to a large ring. 2) The velocity field exhibits several large-scale anomalies superposed on a rotating disk. 3) The inclination and position angles derived from the kinematics differ from those dervied from the optical and HI mor- phology. 4) There are regions in the HI of unusually high velocity dispersion that correlate with deficits of HI emission in a manner suggestive of long-range, turbulent pressure equilibrium. Star-forming regions are found where the gas densities locally exceed 6 Msolar/pc^2. NGC 2366, like other irregulars, has low gas densities relative to the critical gas densities of gravitational instability models. Because of the lack of shear in the optical galaxy, there is little competition to the slow gravitational contraction that follows energy dissipation. However, the peak gas densities in the star-forming regions are equal to the local tidal densities for gravitational self-binding of a rotating cloud. Evidently the large scale gas concentrations are marginally bound against background galactic tidal forces. This condition for self-binding may be more fundamental than the instability condition because it is local, three-dimensional, and does not involve spiral arm generation as an intermediate step toward star formation.
description: To be published in ApJ; better figures available ftp.lowell.edu, cd pub/dah/n2366paper
A low-cost, wearable sEMG sensor for upper limb prosthetic application
Creators: name: Prakash, Alok
name: Kumari, Bindu
name: Shiru Sharma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper proposes a low-cost and sensitive surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor for the myoelectric prosthesis. The sensor consists of a skin interface, signal conditioning circuitry and power supply unit all encased in a single package. The tuned RC parameters based envelope detection scheme employed in the sensor enables faster as well as reliable recognition of EMG signal patterns regardless of its strength and subject variability. The output performance of the developed sensor was compared with a commercial EMG sensor regarding signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), amplitude sensitivity and response time. EMG signals with both the devices were acquired for 10 subjects (three amputees and seven healthy subjects), to perform this comparative analysis. The results showed 4× greater SNR values and 50% higher sensitivity of the developed sensor than the commercial EMG sensor. Also, the proposed sensor was 57% faster than the commercial sensor in producing the output response. The sensor was successfully tested on amputees for controlling a 3D printed hand prototype utilising a proportional control strategy. The enhanced output parameters of the sensor were responsible for smooth, faster and intuitive actuation of the prosthetic hand fingers.
Additional file 2 of Effect of prior cancer on survival of hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for clinical trial eligibility criteria
Creators: name: Sun, Xuqi
name: Li, Lingling
name: Xu, Li
name: Zhou, Zhongguo
name: Chen, Jinbin
name: Wang, Juncheng
name: Zhang, Yaojun
name: Hu, Dandan
name: Chen, Minshan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplement Table 2. Independent factors for the survival of HCC patients in 2009–2017 from Our Cancer Center.
In-Home Broadband PLC Systems Under the Presence of a Malicious Wireless Device: Physical Layer Security Analysis
Creators: name: Camponogara, Ândrei
name: Poor, H. Vincent
name: Ribeiro, Moisés V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper investigates the physical layer security (PLS) of a broadband in-home power line communication (PLC) system when a malicious wireless device tries to eavesdrop private messages exchanged between two PLC devices. Such a security issue arises when electric power circuits, which are used for data communication, are constituted by unshielded power cables. In this regard, the hybrid wiretap channel model for formulating achievable secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability is considered. Additionally, a data set of channel estimates and measured additive noises obtained from a measurement campaign carried out in several in-home facilities is used for providing practical results, which can offer direction for dealing with the security aspects of broadband in-home PLC systems in the physical layer perspective. The attained results show high values of secrecy outage probability for all chosen values of target secrecy rate and total power transmission (practical and theoretical) when the PLC devices are far from each other and the eavesdropper is close to the PLC transmitter (i.e., the distance is shorter than 2 meters). Overall, the numerical results show that the vulnerability of broadband in-home PLC systems, in terms of PLS, is relevant when practical values of total transmission power apply. Therefore, a rethinking of the use of unshielded power cables or new designs of the broadband in-home PLC system deserves special attention for ensuring security at the physical layer.
Lectures on Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Thiemann, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum General Relativity (QGR), sometimes called Loop Quantum Gravity, has matured over the past fifteen years to a mathematically rigorous candidate quantum field theory of the gravitational field. The features that distinguish it from other quantum gravity theories are 1) background independence and 2) minimality of structures. Background independence means that this is a non-perturbative approach in which one does not perturb around a given, distinguished, classical background metric, rather arbitrary fluctuations are allowed, thus precisely encoding the quantum version of Einstein's radical perception that gravity is geometry. Minimality here means that one explores the logical consequences of bringing together the two fundamental principles of modern physics, namely general covariance and quantum theory, without adding any experimentally unverified additional structures. The approach is purposely conservative in order to systematically derive which basic principles of physics have to be given up and must be replaced by more fundamental ones. QGR unifies all presently known interactions in a new sense by quantum mechanically implementing their common symmetry group, the four-dimensional diffeomorphism group, which is almost completely broken in perturbative approaches. These lectures offer a problem -- supported introduction to the subject.
description: 90 pages, Latex, 18 figures, uses graphicx and pstricks for coloured text and graphics, based on lectures given at the 271st WE Heraeus Seminar ``Aspects of Quantum Gravity: From Theory to Experimental Search'', Bad Honnef, Germany, February 25th -- March 1st, to appear in Lecture Notes in Physics
Leptusa (Roubaliusa) trapezuntis PACE 1989
Creators: name: Assing, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Leptusa
Leptusa trapezuntis

description: Leptusa (Roubaliusa) trapezuntis PACE 1989
 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Turkey: O r d u: 2 exs., ca. 30 km SW Ordu, 1 km NE Gölköy, 40°43'N, 37°37'E, 1050 m, Fagus forest with Rhododendron and Ilex undergrowth, sifted, 13.VII.2008, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss); 5 exs., road Ünye-Akkuş, 18 km NE Akkuş, 40°56'N, 37°06'E, 920 m, mixed deciduous forest (predominantly Fagus), litter sifted, 15.VII.2008, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, cSch).
C o m m e n t: This species has become known from Ordu, Giresun, and Gümüşhane (ASSING 2003, 2007; PACE 1989); for a distribution map see ASSING (2007).
description: Published as part of Assing, V., 2009, On the Leptusa species of Turkey. VII. Notes on distribution, a new species, a new synonymy, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 427-436 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (1) on page 431, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5276173
Quantification of the Impact of Supraglacial Lakes and Slush on Surface Energy Balance of Ice Shelves: Nivlisen Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Creators: name: Lefroy, Naomi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Supraglacial lakes
Slush
Antarctic ice shelves
Surface hydrology
Nivlisen Ice Shelf
East Antarctica

description: Supraglacial lakes (SGLs) and slush are prevalent features of Antarctic ice shelf surface hydrology and efficiently transfer energy to the ice by melt-albedo feedbacks (Dell et al., 2020; Moussavi et al., 2020). There have been few efforts to quantify the energy exchanges between supraglacial meltwater, atmosphere, and ice (Jakobs et al., 2019), despite suggestions that low albedo surface features are melt hotspots (Miles et al., 2016). This study aims to quantify the extra energy absorbed by SGLs and slush on Nivlisen Ice Shelf (NIS), East Antarctica, over the austral summers of 2017-2020. First, a new method is developed for defining SGL, slush, and ice extent using a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) on spectral data derived from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 imagery. A surface energy balance (SEB) model is developed, following Buzzard et al. (2018) and Law et al. (2020), and applied across the extracted supraglacial feature extents using Global Forecast System meteorological data. The SEB model calculates the mean daily energy absorbed by lake and slush areas as ~ 8.7 MJ/m2 and ~ 0.54 MJ/m2 for the austral summers of 2017-2020. Modelled energy balance at lake and slush regions is most sensitive to incident shortwave radiation, although local ice shelf processes affect spatial variability of sensible and latent heat fluxes. The results of the SEB model are validated by comparing modelled cumulative energy absorption at SGLs with inferred energy transfer derived from SGL volume. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency value of 0.922 implies that the modelled energy absorption matches the inferred dataset well. Furthermore, high agreement (62 %) between the supraglacial feature masks, produced using different satellite data, supports further use of the PCA in Antarctic hydrological research. Overall, despite the low spatial coverage of SGLs at ~ 1.6 % of the total area, water coverage on NIS represents a substantial means of energy absorption. A significant finding of this study is that exclusion of slush in previous energy balance calculations is likely to have underestimated the net transfer of energy to Antarctic ice shelves. Total extra energy absorbed across the slush region in 2019 is equivalent to that absorbed by SGLs, suggesting that slush extent can be a significant control on energy absorption. The confirmed significance of slush and SGLs for energy absorption, and the validity of the SEB model, support the application of methods developed in this study at pan-Antarctic scales. Quantification of the ice sheet-scale energy absorption by SGLs and slush would provide a baseline to gauge meltwater and sea level rise contribution under different atmospheric forcing projections.
Initial magnetic field configurations for 3-dimensional simulations of astrophysical jets
Creators: name: Jorgensen, M.
name: Ouyed, R.
name: Christensen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve, and provide analytical expressions, for current-free magnetic configurations in the context of initial setups of 3-dimensional simulations of astrophysical jets involving an accretion disk corona in hydrostatic balance around a central object. These configurations which thread through the accretion disk and its corona preserve the initial hydrostatic state. This work sets stage for future 3-dimensional jet simulations (including disk rotation and mass-load) where launching, acceleration and collimation mechanisms can be investigated.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, and Introducing the JETSET tool (accepted for publication in A&A)
Predicting charge density distribution of materials using a local-environment-based graph convolutional network
Creators: name: Gong, Sheng
name: Xie, Tian
name: Zhu, Taishan
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Fadel, Eric R.
name: Li, Yawei
name: Grossman, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron charge density distribution of materials is one of the key quantities in computational materials science as theoretically it determines the ground state energy and practically it is used in many materials analyses. However, the scaling of density functional theory calculations with number of atoms limits the usage of charge-density-based calculations and analyses. Here we introduce a machine learning scheme with local-environment-based graphs and graph convolutional neural networks to predict charge density on grid-points from crystal structure. We show the accuracy of this scheme through a comparison of predicted charge densities as well as properties derived from the charge density, and the scaling is O(N). More importantly, the transferability is shown to be high with respect to different compositions and structures, which results from the explicit encoding of geometry.
Paulianidia reticulata Lecoq 2008, n. sp.
Creators: name: Lecoq, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Paulianidia
Paulianidia reticulata

description: Paulianidia reticulata n. sp.
(Fig. 2B)
HOLOTYPE. — Madagacar Est, 12,2 km WSW Befingotra, rés. Anjanaharibe sud, 14°45’S, 49°26’E, 1985 m, forêt pluviale de montagne, extraction par Winkler de litière tamisée (feuilles et bois pourris), FMHD 94-60, 25.XI.1994, B. L. Fisher, 1 ♂ (FMNH).
DIAGNOSE. — Espèce d’aspect caractéristique par sa réduction alaire et oculaire ainsi que la réticulation du tégument céphalique et pronotal.
 ÉTYMOLOGIE. — De l’adjectif latin reticulatus, -a, -um (en forme de réseau). Se rapporte à la microsculpture du tégument de l’avant-corps.
DESCRIPTION
Longueur 6-6,5 mm. Subaptère. Avant-corps et appendices testacé roux ferrugineux; abdomen un peu plus sombre.
Tête aussi longue (de la base du labre au cou) que large au niveau des yeux qui sont petits: tempes trois fois plus longues que les yeux et faiblement convergentes en arrière. Angles postérieurs arrondis mais non nuls. Ponctuation forte et dense en avant (mais les points ne sont pas tangents), de plus en plus espacée et plus faible vers l’arrière et notamment au niveau des tempes. Tégument lisse en avant, nettement réticulé sur la moitié postérieure. Articles antennaires plus longs que larges, le troisième antennomère de moitié plus long que le précédent; les suivants progressivement plus courts; le dernier en ogive, seulement d’un tiers plus long que le précédent. Mandibules puissantes et acérées.
Pronotum un peu plus long que la tête, plus étroit que celle-ci (R = 1,12), ses bords latéraux subrectilignes et parallèles dans leur partie moyenne. Ponctuation forte, analogue à celle de la partie antérieure de la tête mais un peu moins dense. Tégument nettement réticulé entre les points sur toute la surface; bande médiane imponctuée, entière et réticulée.
Élytres rectangulaires à peine plus longs que larges, les angles antérieurs atténués; plus courts que le pronotum (R = 0,90) et aussi larges que celui-ci. Surface râpeuse, grossièrement ponctuée, tégument non microréticulé.
Abdomen finement et assez densément ponctué de points granuleux. Tégument finement réticulé en travers. Tergite du propygidium sans liséré clair à son bord postérieur.
Mâle: sternite du pygidium avec une large et profonde échancrure en V à fond arrondi.
Édéage: lobe médian avec un bourrelet longitudinal sur sa face ventrale, prenant naissance à mi-distance et se prolongeant en s’accentuant jusqu’à l’apex. Paramères extrêmement fins et rectilignes, plus courts que le lobe médian.
Femelle inconnue.
description: Published as part of Lecoq, Jean-Claude, 2008, Révision du genre Paulianidia Jarrige, 1978 de Madagascar (Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 579-603 in Zoosystema 30 (3) on pages 585-586, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5390906
Leptusa (Stictopisalia) SCHEERPELTZ 1966
Creators: name: Assing, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Leptusa

description: 3.3 Subgenus Stictopisalia SCHEERPELTZ
 C o m m e n t: Stictopisalia is represented in Turkey by four species, all of them occurring in the north (Map 4).
description: Published as part of Assing, V., 2009, On the Leptusa species of Turkey. VII. Notes on distribution, a new species, a new synonymy, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 427-436 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (1) on page 431, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5276173
Electronic structure of the quadrupolar ordered heavy-fermion compound YbRu2Ge2 measured by angle-resolved photoemission
Creators: name: Pfau, H.
name: Rosenberg, E. W.
name: Massat, P.
name: Moritz, B.
name: Hashimoto, M.
name: Lu, D.
name: Fisher, I. R.
name: Shen, Z. -X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the electronic structure of the heavy fermion compound Yb(Ru$_{1-x}$Rh$_{x}$)$_2$Ge$_2$ with $x=0$ and nominally $x=0.125$ using ARPES and LDA calculations. We find a valence band structure of Yb corresponding to a non-integer valence close to $3+$. The three observed crystal electric field levels with a splitting of 32 and 75 meV confirm the suggested configuration with a quasi-quartet ground state. The experimentally determined band structure of the conduction electrons with predominantly Ru $4d$ character is well reproduced by our calculations. YbRu$_2$Ge$_2$ undergoes a non-magnetic phase transition into a ferroquadrupolar ordered state below 10.2\,K and then to an antiferromagnetically ordered state below 6.5\,K. A small hole Fermi surface shows nesting features in our calculated band structure and its size determined by ARPES is close to the magnetic ordering wave vector found in neutron scattering. The transitions are suppressed when YbRu$_2$Ge$_2$ is doped with 12.5% Rh. The electron doping leads to a shift of the band structure and successive Lifshitz transitions.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Mindfulness practice for protecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Zhu, Julie Lei
name: Schülke, Rasmus
name: Vatansever, Deniz
name: Xi, Dayou
name: Yan, Junjie
name: Zhao, Hanqing
name: Xie, Xiaohua
name: Feng, Jianfeng
name: Chen, Mark Yuting
name: Sahakian, Barbara Jacquelyn
name: Wang, Shouyan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/692/699/476/1414
/631/477/2811
article

description: Funder: Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities, Plan 111 (No. B18015). National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1312900).
description: Abstract: Emerging evidence shows that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is negatively affecting mental health around the globe. Interventions to alleviate the psychological impact of the pandemic are urgently needed. Whether mindfulness practice may protect against the harmful emotional effects of a pandemic crisis remains hitherto unknown. We investigated the influence of mindfulness training on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We hypothesized that mindfulness practitioners might manifest less pandemic-related distress, depression, anxiety, and stress than non-practitioners and that more frequent practice would be associated with an improvement in mental health during the pandemic. Therefore, we assessed pandemic-related distress and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as the frequency of meditation practice at the peak of new infections (Feb 4–5; N = 673) and three weeks later (Feb 29–30; N = 521) in mindfulness practitioners via online questionnaires. Self-reported symptoms were also collected from non-practitioners at peak time only (N = 1550). We found lower scores of pandemic-related distress in mindfulness practitioners compared to non-practitioners. In general, older participants showed fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety. In younger practitioners, pandemic-related distress decreased from peak to follow-up. Importantly, increased mindfulness training during the preceding two weeks was associated with lower scores of depression and anxiety at both assessments. Likewise, practice frequency predicted individual improvement in scores of depression, anxiety, and stress at follow-up. Our results indicate that mindfulness meditation might be a viable low-cost intervention to mitigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis and future pandemics.
An ecotoxicological assessment of the acute toxicity of anatoxin congeners on New Zealand Deleatidium species (mayflies)
Creators: name: Kelly, Laura T.
name: Puddick, Jonathan
name: Ryan, Ken G.
name: Champeau, Olivier
name: Wood, Susanna A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Toxic benthic cyanobacterial proliferations may pose a significant risk in freshwater ecosystems. In New Zealand, the only anatoxin-producing benthic species reported to date is Microcoleus autumnalis. Management of M. autumnalis proliferations has primarily focussed on mitigating the health risks associated with human and canine contact with the cyanobacteria. A major concern at the ecological level is the potential for lethal and sublethal effects on macroinvertebrates that may feed on toxic mats or use them as a refuge. In the present study, Deleatidium spp. (mayfly) larvae were exposed to different variants of purified anatoxins (anatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a, and a mixture of homoanatoxin-a/dihydrohomoanatoxin-a). No significant mortality of Deleatidium spp. larvae occurred, even at doses far exceeding likely environmental exposures (300–600 μg L−1). Deleatidium spp. larvae exposed to high doses of dihydroanatoxin-a had measurable concentrations of the toxin in their tissues 24 h post-exposure. The results of this study indicate that anatoxins from benthic M. autumnalis proliferations are unlikely to result in mortality of Deleatidium spp. larvae, although the effect on all stages of the lifecycle and on crude extracts from M. autumnalis is unknown. Uptake of anatoxins in the tissues of macroinvertebrates may represent a pathway for anatoxin transfer up trophic levels, and further study is required.