cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Proof mining in ${\mathbb R}$-trees and hyperbolic spaces
Creators: name: Leustean, Laurentiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03F10, 47H09, 20F65, 05C05

description: This paper is part of the general project of proof mining, developed by Kohlenbach. By "proof mining" we mean the logical analysis of mathematical proofs with the aim of extracting new numerically relevant information hidden in the proofs. We present logical metatheorems for classes of spaces from functional analysis and hyperbolic geometry, like Gromov hyperbolic spaces, ${\mathbb R}$-trees and uniformly convex hyperbolic spaces. Our theorems are adaptations to these structures of previous metatheorems of Gerhardy and Kohlenbach, and they guarantee a-priori, under very general logical conditions, the existence of uniform bounds. We give also an application in nonlinear functional analysis, more specifically in metric fixed-point theory. Thus, we show that the uniform bound on the rate of asymptotic regularity for the Krasnoselski-Mann iterations of nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex hyperbolic spaces obtained in a previous paper is an instance of one of our metatheorems.
description: in G. Mints and R. de Queiroz (Eds.): Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC 2006), Stanford University, CA, USA, 18-21 July 2006
Using Mars co-orbitals to estimate the importance of rotation-induced YORP break-up events in Earth co-orbital space
Creators: name: Marcos, C. de la Fuente
name: Marcos, R. de la Fuente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both Earth and Mars host populations of co-orbital minor bodies. A large number of present-day Mars co-orbitals is probably associated with the fission of the parent body of Mars Trojan 5261 Eureka (1990 MB) during a rotation-induced YORP break-up event. Here, we use the statistical distributions of the Tisserand parameter and the relative mean longitude of Mars co-orbitals with eccentricity below 0.2 to estimate the importance of rotation-induced Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) break-up events in Martian co-orbital space. Machine-learning techniques (k-means++ and agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithms) are applied to assess our findings. Our statistical analysis identified three new Mars Trojans: 2009 SE, 2018 EC4 and 2018 FC4. Two of them, 2018 EC4 and 2018 FC4, are probably linked to Eureka but we argue that 2009 SE may have been captured, so it is not related to Eureka. We also suggest that 2020 VT1, a recent discovery, is a transient Martian co-orbital of the horseshoe type. When applied to Earth co-orbital candidates with eccentricity below 0.2, our approach led us to identify some clustering, perhaps linked to fission events. The cluster with most members could be associated with Earth quasi-satellite 469219 Kamo`oalewa (2016 HO3) that is a fast rotator. Our statistical analysis identified two new Earth co-orbitals: 2020 PN1, that follows a horseshoe path, and 2020 PP1, a quasi-satellite that is dynamically similar to Kamo`oalewa. For both Mars and Earth co-orbitals, we found pairs of objects whose values of the Tisserand parameter differ by very small amounts, perhaps hinting at recent disruption events. Clustering algorithms and numerical simulations both suggest that 2020 KZ2 and Kamo`oalewa could be related.
description: 19 pages, 22 figures, 16 tables, 1 appendix. Includes minor style-related changes to match the version published by Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Localization dynamics in a centrally coupled system
Creators: name: Ng, Nathan
name: Wenderoth, Sebastian
name: Seelam, Rajagopala Reddy
name: Rabani, Eran
name: Meyer, Hans-Dieter
name: Thoss, Michael
name: Kolodrubetz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In systems where interactions couple a central degree of freedom and a bath, one would expect signatures of the bath's phase to be reflected in the dynamics of the central degree of freedom. This has been recently explored in connection with many-body localized baths coupled with a central qubit or a single cavity mode -- systems with growing experimental relevance in various platforms. Such models also have an interesting connection with Floquet many-body localization via quantizing the external drive, although this has been relatively unexplored. Here we adapt the multilayer multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method, a well-known tree tensor network algorithm, to numerically simulate the dynamics of a central degree of freedom, represented by a $d$-level system (qudit), coupled to a disordered interacting 1D spin bath. ML-MCTDH allows us to reach $\approx 10^2$ lattice sites, a far larger system size than what is feasible with exact diagonalization or kernel polynomial methods. From the intermediate time dynamics, we find a well-defined thermodynamic limit for the qudit dynamics upon appropriate rescaling of the system-bath coupling. The spin system shows similar scaling collapse in the Edward-Anderson spin glass order parameter or entanglement entropy at relatively short times. At longer time scales, we see slow growth of the entanglement, which may arise from dephasing mechanisms in the localized system or long-range interactions mediated by the central degree of freedom. Similar signs of localization are shown to appear as well with unscaled system-bath coupling.
Experimental realization of Wheeler's delayed-choice GedankenExperiment
Creators: name: Jacques, Vincent
name: Wu, E.
name: Grosshans, Frédéric
name: Treussart, François
name: Grangier, Philippe
name: Aspect, Alain
name: Roch, Jean-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum "mystery which cannot go away" (in Feynman's words) of wave-particle duality is illustrated in a striking way by Wheeler's delayed-choice GedankenExperiment. In this experiment, the configuration of a two-path interferometer is chosen after a single-photon pulse has entered it : either the interferometer is \textit{closed} (\textit{i.e.} the two paths are recombined) and the interference is observed, or the interferometer remains \textit{open} and the path followed by the photon is measured. We report an almost ideal realization of that GedankenExperiment, where the light pulses are true single photons, allowing unambiguous which-way measurements, and the interferometer, which has two spatially separated paths, produces high visibility interference. The choice between measuring either the 'open' or 'closed' configuration is made by a quantum random number generator, and is space-like separated -- in the relativistic sense -- from the entering of the photon into the interferometer. Measurements in the closed configuration show interference with a visibility of 94%, while measurements in the open configuration allow us to determine the followed path with an error probability lower than 1%.
LCEval: Learned Composite Metric for Caption Evaluation
Creators: name: Sharif, Naeha
name: White, Lyndon
name: Bennamoun, Mohammed
name: Liu, Wei
name: Shah, Syed Afaq Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic evaluation metrics hold a fundamental importance in the development and fine-grained analysis of captioning systems. While current evaluation metrics tend to achieve an acceptable correlation with human judgements at the system level, they fail to do so at the caption level. In this work, we propose a neural network-based learned metric to improve the caption-level caption evaluation. To get a deeper insight into the parameters which impact a learned metrics performance, this paper investigates the relationship between different linguistic features and the caption-level correlation of the learned metrics. We also compare metrics trained with different training examples to measure the variations in their evaluation. Moreover, we perform a robustness analysis, which highlights the sensitivity of learned and handcrafted metrics to various sentence perturbations. Our empirical analysis shows that our proposed metric not only outperforms the existing metrics in terms of caption-level correlation but it also shows a strong system-level correlation against human assessments.
description: 18 pages
Bodies in cyberspace : language learning in a simulated environment
Creators: name: Murray, Garold Linwood
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation reports on a multiple-case study documenting the experiences of 23 French as second language learners, most of whom were pre-service teachers, as they worked independently to improve their existing oral/aural competency through the use of the interactive videodisc program À la rencontre de Philippe. The program claims to invite learners into the fictive Parisian world of a young freelance journalist, providing them with the opportunity for immersion in the target language and culture as well as a degree of control over their learning. The study explores learners' experiences as they work with this program, investigates the impact this experience might have on their second language acquisition and reflects on the implications this information might have for second language pedagogy and research. Participants were asked to write a reflective personal language learning history and keep a journal documenting each work session. These work sessions were videotaped. The data collected served as a basis for interviews exploring the participants' interaction with the microworld presented by the program, the program's technological features, learner autonomy, and the learning process and outcomes as perceived by the learners. The experiences of the learners indicate that instead of using technology to bring the second language and culture to learners in the classroom, it is now both possible and desirable to use technology to "transport" learners from the classroom into the second language environment. In other words, participants reported having the experience of subjective personal presence in the microworld. Furthermore, their overall experience suggested that language learning is both an embodied and a situated endeavour, as well as a cognitive one. Therefore, computer technology can enhance second language acquisition by providing learners the opportunity to be immersed in sociolinguistically-rich, simulated communities in which they can engage in everyday activities and interact with target language speakers.
ESM Text from Evolution of reproductive strategies in incipient multicellularity
Creators: name: Gao, Yuanxiao
name: Pichugin, Yuriy
name: Gokhale, Chaitanya S.
name: Traulsen, Arne
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Multicellular organisms potentially show a large degree of diversity in reproductive strategies, producing offspring with varying sizes and compositions compared to their unicellular ancestors. In reality, only a few of these reproductive strategies are prevalent. To understand why this could be the case, we develop a stage-structured population model to probe the evolutionary growth advantages of reproductive strategies in incipient multicellular organisms. The performance of reproductive strategies is evaluated by the growth rates of the corresponding populations. We identify the optimal reproductive strategy, leading to the largest growth rate for a population. Considering the effects of organism size and cellular interaction, we found that distinct reproductive strategies could perform uniquely or equally well under different conditions. If a single reproductive strategy is optimal, it is binary-splitting, dividing into two parts. Our results show that organism size and cellular interaction can play crucial roles in shaping reproductive strategies in nascent multicellularity. Our model sheds light on understanding the mechanism driving the evolution of reproductive strategies in incipient multicellularity. Beyond multicellularity, our results imply that a crucial factor in the evolution of unicellular species’ reproductive strategies is organism size.
Three-Body Recombination of Identical Bosons with a Large Positive Scattering Length at Nonzero Temperature
Creators: name: Braaten, Eric
name: Hammer, H. -W.
name: Kang, Daekyoung
name: Platter, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For identical bosons with a large scattering length, the dependence of the 3-body recombination rate on the collision energy is determined in the zero-range limit by universal functions of a single scaling variable. There are six scaling functions for angular momentum zero and one scaling function for each higher partial wave. We calculate these universal functions by solving the Skorniakov--Ter-Martirosian equation. The results for the 3-body recombination as a function of the collision energy are in good agreement with previous results from solving the 3-body Schroedinger equation for 4He atoms. The universal scaling functions can be used to calculate the 3-body recombination rate at nonzero temperature. We obtain an excellent fit to the data from the Innsbruck group for 133Cs atoms with a large positive scattering length.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures, published version
Symmetry analysis of trimer-based all-dielectric metasurfaces with toroidal dipole modes
Creators: name: Dmitriev, Victor
name: Kupriianov, Anton S.
name: Santos, Silvio Domingos Silva
name: Tuz, Vladimir R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herein, we discuss the conditions for excitation of symmetry-protected toroidal dipole modes in all-dielectric metasurfaces composed of trimer or twin-trimer clusters of dielectric disks. Such metasurfaces permit enhanced light-matter interaction due to spatially confined light in resonant systems with a high-quality factor. To describe characteristics of toroidal modes existing in the clusters, we use the magnetic dipole moments approximation, group-theoretical methods, group representation theory, symmetry-adapted linear combination method, and circuit theory. To validate the obtained theoretical results, we fulfill both full-wave numerical simulations and microwave experiments. In particular, we have shown that the toroidal dipole mode appears as a quasi-dark state of the trimer. It can be excited in the metasurface by the field of a linearly polarized wave, providing the symmetry of the trimer is properly reduced. In the metasurface, the properties of the toroidal dipole mode are determined primarily by the parameters of a single trimer and are not a consequence of the periodicity of the array. The coupling of the toroidal dipole modes in the twin-trimers can appear in both bonding and anti-bonding fashion resulting in different orders of the net toroidal dipole moment. Due to the unique field configuration of these modes, the proposed metasurfaces can be considered as a platform for efficient light-matter interaction for enhanced absorption, nonlinear switching, and sensing.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Neutrino masses in the economical 3-3-1 model
Creators: name: Dong, P. V.
name: Long, H. N.
name: Soa, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, in frameworks of the economical 3-3-1 model, the suitable pattern of neutrino masses arises from the three quite different sources - the lepton-number conserving, the spontaneous lepton-number breaking and the explicit lepton-number violating, widely ranging over the mass scales including the GUT one: $u\sim O(1) \mathrm{GeV}$, $v\approx 246 \mathrm{GeV}$, $\om\sim O(1) \mathrm{TeV}$ and $\mathcal{M}\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{16}) \mathrm{GeV}$. At the tree-level, the model contains three Dirac neutrinos: one massless, two large with degenerate masses in the order of the electron mass. At the one-loop level, the left-handed and right-handed neutrinos obtain Majorana masses $M_{L,R}$ in orders of $10^{-2}-10^{-3} \mathrm{eV}$ and degenerate in $M_R=-M_L$, while the Dirac masses get a large reduction down to $\mathrm{eV}$ scale through a finite mass renormalization. In this model, the contributions of new physics are strongly signified, the degenerations in the masses and the last hierarchy between the Majorana and Dirac masses can be completely removed by heavy particles. All the neutrinos get mass and can fit the data.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Dynamical evolution of a young planetary system: stellar flybys in co-planar orbital configuration
Creators: name: Cattolico, Raffaele Stefano
name: Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar flybys in star clusters may perturb the evolution of young planetary systems in terms of disk truncation, planetary migration and planetary mass accretion. We investigate the feedback of a young planetary system during a single close stellar encounter in a typical open young stellar cluster. We consider 5 masses for the stellar perturbers: 0.5, 0.8, 1, 3 and 8 M$_{Sun}$, in coplanar, prograde and retrograde orbits respect to the planetary disk, varying the pertruber-host star orbital periastron from 100 AU to 500 AU. We have made 3D modelizations with the smooth particle hydrodynamics code GaSPH of a system composed by a solar type star surrounded by a low density disk where a giant planet is embedded in. We focus on the dynamical evolution of global parameters characterizing the disk and the planet, like the Lagrangian radius containing the $63.2\%$ of the mass of the disk, the distance of the planet to its host star, the planet orbital eccentricity and the planetary mass accretion. We find that the most part of the simulated systems show a significant disk truncation after a single close encounter, a final orbital distance of the Jovian, from the central star, lower than the unperturbed case and, finally, the perturbed systems show a final mass accretion of the Jovian planet larger than the non-perturbed case. Therefore, stellar flybys significantly perturb the dynamics of a young planetary system, regardless the orbital configuration of the stellar perturber. In such experiments, the final disk radius and the orbital parameters of the Jovian planet are considerably affected by the stellar close encounter.
The Volume Inside a Black Hole
Creators: name: DiNunno, Brandon S.
name: Matzner, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The horizon (the surface) of a black hole is a null surface, defined by those hypothetical "outgoing" light rays that just hover under the influence of the strong gravity at the surface. Because the light rays are orthogonal to the spatial 2-dimensional surface at one instant of time, the surface of the black hole is the same for all observers (i.e. the same for all coordinate definitions of "instant of time"). This value is 4*(pi)* (2Gm/c^2)^2 for nonspinning black holes, with G= Newton's constant, c= speed of light, and m= mass of the black hole. The 3-dimensional spatial volume inside a black hole, in contrast, depends explicitly on the definition of time, and can even be time dependent, or zero. We give examples of the volume found inside a standard, nonspinning spherical black hole, for several different standard time-coordinate definitions. Elucidating these results for the volume provides a new pedagogical resource of facts already known in principle to the relativity community, but rarely worked out.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Relationship between stream and lake ecotype warner suckers
Creators: name: DeHaan, Patrick
name: Bargen, Jennifer Von
name: Scheerer, Paul
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon. Two distinct ecotypes of Warner suckers exist; stream-type fish that are found in tributaries to the Warner Lakes and lake-type fish that are found in Hart and Crump Lakes. Lake-type fish attain larger sizes and presumably have increased fecundity, but risk increased predation, reduced access to spawning habitat, and periodic loss of habitat due to lake desiccation. Stream-type individuals inhabit a more stable environment with reduced risk of predation, however, they have a decreased forage base and stream habitat in the Warner basin has been extensively fragmented. Although it is presumed that lake-type individuals originate in the streams, information regarding the relationship between the two ecotypes is limited. Our objective was to use genetic assignment data to examine the relationship between the two ecotypes. We collected Warner suckers from four tributary populations and genotyped them at 16 microsatellite loci to develop a baseline dataset. Leave-one-out tests of our baseline dataset indicated a high likelihood that individuals from the lakes would be assigned to their correct population of origin. Between 2006 and 2012, we collected over 300 individuals from Hart and Crump lakes for genetic assignments and these fish were also genotyped at 16 microsatellite loci. Nearly all of the individuals collected from Crump Lake were assigned to Deep Creek, a tributary to Crump Lake. Individuals collected from Hart Lake were assigned to both Deep Creek and Honey Creek (a Hart Lake tributary), suggesting that fish were moving between the two lakes. These data provide important information regarding which tributary populations are important to Warner suckers in the lakes and will help to prioritize management actions such as increasing connectivity between lake and stream populations.
On the diversity and frequency of code related to mathematical formulas in real-world Java projects
Creators: name: Moseler, Oliver
name: Lemmer, Felix
name: Baltes, Sebastian
name: Diehl, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, the term formula code refers to fragments of source code that implement a mathematical formula. We present empirical studies that analyze the diversity and frequency of formula code in open-source-software projects. In an exploratory study, we investigated what kinds of formulas are implemented in real-world Java projects and derived syntactical patterns and constraints. We refined these patterns for sum and product formulas to automatically detect formula code in software archives and to reconstruct the implemented formula in mathematical notation. In a quantitative study of a large sample of engineered Java projects on GitHub we analyzed the frequency of formula code and estimated that one of 700 lines of code in this sample implements a sum or product formula. For a sample of scientific-computing projects, we found that one of 100 lines of code implements a sum or product formula. To assess the need for tool support, we investigated the helpfulness of comments for program understanding in a sample of formula-code fragments and performed an online survey. Our findings provide first insights into the characteristics of formula code, that can motivate further studies on the role of formula code in software projects and the design of formula-related tools.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables
Drosophila X-linked genes have lower translation rates than autosomal genes
Creators: name: Zhenguo Zhang
name: Daven Presgraves
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: This study investigates whether Drosophila X-linked genes have higher translation rates than autosomal genes, an expectation from the stronger usage of preferred codons in the former. The results shows that, surprisingly, X-linked genes actually have lower translation rates than autosomal ones. This raises the question of why Drosophila X-linked genes have evolved stronger codon usage bias.
Invariant Varieties of Periodic Points for the Discrete Euler Top
Creators: name: Saito, Satoru
name: Saitoh, Noriko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14J81; 39A11; 70E40

description: The behaviour of periodic points of discrete Euler top is studied. We derive invariant varieties of periodic points explicitly. When the top is axially symmetric they are specified by some particular values of the angular velocity along the axis of symmetry, different for each period.
description: This is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue on Integrable Systems and Related Topics, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Ball-and-stick models of the cyclohexane molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials

description: Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with six carbon atoms. Cyclohexane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products. Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon. On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by hydrogenation of benzene in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst. Although rather unreactive, cyclohexane undergoes catalytic oxidation to produce cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
WEmbSim: A Simple yet Effective Metric for Image Captioning
Creators: name: Sharif, Naeha
name: White, Lyndon
name: Bennamoun, Mohammed
name: Liu, Wei
name: Shah, Syed Afaq Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The area of automatic image caption evaluation is still undergoing intensive research to address the needs of generating captions which can meet adequacy and fluency requirements. Based on our past attempts at developing highly sophisticated learning-based metrics, we have discovered that a simple cosine similarity measure using the Mean of Word Embeddings(MOWE) of captions can actually achieve a surprisingly high performance on unsupervised caption evaluation. This inspires our proposed work on an effective metric WEmbSim, which beats complex measures such as SPICE, CIDEr and WMD at system-level correlation with human judgments. Moreover, it also achieves the best accuracy at matching human consensus scores for caption pairs, against commonly used unsupervised methods. Therefore, we believe that WEmbSim sets a new baseline for any complex metric to be justified.
description: 7 pages
Deliverable-D-JIP2-3.8.0-Review-Economic-Analysis-Foodborne-Zoonoses (COHESIVE)
Creators: name: Dewar, Rob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COHESIVE

description: OHEJP Project COHESIVE: Economic analysis is a complex and multidisciplinary field, especially in One Health contexts. This review attempts to deconvolute the methodologies historically applied for economic analysis on foodborne zoonoses. It isolates the range of methods historically applied and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each, along with the challenges and next steps for standardising how economic analysis is done in future.
Geometric structures of the classical general relativistic phase space
Creators: name: Janyška, Josef
name: Modugno, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B15, 53B30, 53B50, 53D05, 53D17, 58A10, 58A20, 58A32

description: This paper is concerned with basic geometric properties of the phase space of a classical general relativistic particle, regarded as the 1st jet space of motions, i.e. as the 1st jet space of timelike 1--dimensional submanifolds of spacetime. This setting allows us to skip constraints. Our main goal is to determine the geometric conditions by which the Lorentz metric and a connection of the phase space yield contact and Jacobi structures. In particular, we specialise these conditions to the cases when the connection of the phase space is generated by the metric and an additional tensor. Indeed, the case generated by the metric and the electromagnetic field is included, as well.
Formation of ions by high energy photons
Creators: name: Drukarev, E. G.
name: Mikhailov, A. I.
name: Mikhailov, I. A.
name: Rakhimov, Kh. Yu.
name: Scheid, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the electron energy spectrum of ionization by a high energy photon, accompanied by creation of electron-positron pair. The total cross section of the process is also obtained. The asymptotics of the cross section does not depend on the photon energies. At the photon energies exceeding a certain value $ω_0$ this appeares to to be the dominant mechanism of formation of the ions. The dependence of $ω_0$ on the value of nuclear charge is obtained. Our results are consistent with experimental data.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Manipulating Giant Rashba Valley Splitting and Quantum Hall States in Few-Layer Black Arsenic by Electrostatic Gating
Creators: name: Shen, Feng
name: Hua, Chenqiang
name: Sun, Xikang
name: Hu, Jie
name: Tao, Qian
name: Lu, Hengzhe
name: Lu, Yunhao
name: Zhong, Mianzeng
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Xia, Qinling
name: Xu, Zhu-An
name: Zheng, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exciting phenomena may emerge in non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional (2D) electronic systems when spin-orbit coupling (SOC) interplays dynamically with Coulomb interactions, band topology, and external modulating forces, etc. Here, we report illuminating synergetic effects between SOC and Stark in centrosymmetric few-layer black arsenic (BAs), manifested as giant Rashba valley splitting and exotic quantum Hall states (QHS) reversibly controlled by electrostatic gating. The unusual finding is rooted in the puckering square lattice of BAs, in which heavy $4p$ orbitals form highly asymmetric $Γ$ valley with the $p_{z}$ symmetry and $D$ valleys of the $p_{x}$ origin, located at the Brillouin zone (BZ) center and near the time reversal invariant momenta of $X$, respectively. When the structure inversion symmetry is broken by perpendicular electric field, giant Rashba SOC is activated for the $p_{x}$ bands to produce strong spin-polarized $D^{+}$ and $D^{-}$ valleys related by time-reversal symmetry, coexisting with weak $Γ$ Rashba bands constrained by the $p_{z}$ symmetry. Intriguingly, strong Stark effect shows the same $p_{x}$-orbital selectiveness for $D$, collectively shifting the valence band maximum of $D^{\pm}$ valleys to exceed the $Γ$ pockets. Such an orchestrating effect between SOC and Stark allows us to realize gate-tunable spin valley manipulations for 2D hole gas, as revealed by unconventional magnetic field triggered even-to-odd transitions in QHS. For electron doping, the quantization of the $Γ$ Rashba bands is characterized by peculiar density-dependent transitions in band topology from two parabolic valleys to a unique inner-outer helical structure when charge carrier concentrations increase.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Evolution of Critical Correlations at the QCD Phase Transition
Creators: name: Antoniou, N. G.
name: Diakonos, F. K.
name: Saridakis, E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of the density-density correlations in the isoscalar critical condensate formed at the QCD critical point. The initial equilibrium state of the system is characterized by a fractal measure determining the distribution of isoscalar particles (sigmas) in configuration space. Non-equilibrium dynamics is induced through a sudden symmetry breaking leading gradually to the deformation of the initial fractal geometry. After constructing an ensemble of configurations describing the initial state of the isoscalar field we solve the equations of motion and show that remnants of the critical state and the associated fractal geometry survive for time scales larger than the time needed for the mass of the isoscalar particles to reach the two-pion threshold. This result is more transparent in an event-by-event analysis of the phenomenon. Thus, we conclude that the initial fractal properties can eventually be transferred to the observable pion-sector through the decay of the sigmas even in the case of a quench.
description: 12 pages, 9figures, version published at Nuclear Physics A
Collegium des Internationalen Baptistischen Theologischen Seminars Rüschlikon/Schweiz (Hrsg.), Festschrift Günter Wagner
Creators: name: Burkart, Rainer W.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 47 Nr. 3 (1998): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 47, Heft 3
Buddy reading from a multi-dimensional perspective
Creators: name: Grimm, Kathleen Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Buddy Reading, a literacy event that pairs two students as they share the reading of a book, was investigated from cultural, textual and social stances. Using a sample of 10 pairs of students from grades one and three, this study explored 1) the influences of school culture and classroom conventions that effected Buddy Reading, 2) the interaction between Grade 1 early readers as they read with more proficient Grade 3 buddies, and 3) student and teacher perceptions of Buddy Reading. Data collection involved four phases and included classroom observation, video recording students as they read together, photographic interviews of students and standard interviews of teachers. Findings indicated that student and teacher perceptions paralleled classroom practice, with the exception of students' perception of the type of decoding skills used. Although half of the proficient readers reported that they encouraged their younger partners to 'sound out words', they usually corrected oral reading errors by 'telling' or 'pronouncing' the word for their buddy. Students did not use scaffolding dialogue as they read with their buddies, and it was concluded that Buddy Reading could not be used as an alternative for reading practice with an adult. Social interaction between students was observed and discussed. School culture, tradition and rituals had a significant effect on the organization of the Buddy Reading Program and classroom practice.
Effects of spatially-varying substrate anchoring on instabilities and dewetting of thin Nematic Liquid Crystal films
Creators: name: Lam, M.
name: Kondic, L.
name: Cummings, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Partially wetting nematic liquid crystal (NLC) films on substrates are unstable to dewetting-type instabilities due to destablizing solid/NLC interaction forces. These instabilities are modified by the nematic nature of the films, which influences the effective solid/NLC interaction. In this work, we focus on the influence of imposed substrate anchoring on the instability development. The analysis is carried out within a long-wave formulation based on the Leslie-Ericksen description of NLC films. Linear stability analysis of the resulting equations shows that some features of the instability, such as emerging wavelengths, may not be influenced by the imposed substrate anchoring. Going further into the nonlinear regime, considered via large-scale GPU-based simulations, shows however that nonlinear effects may play an important role, in particular in the case of strong substrate anchoring anisotropy. Our simulations show that instability of the film develops in two stages: the first stage involves formation of ridges that are perpendicular to the local anchoring direction; and the second involves breakup of these ridges and formation of drops, whose final distribution is influenced by the anisotropy imposed by the substrate. Finally, we show that imposing more complex substrate anisotropy patterns allows us to reach basic understanding of the influence of substrate-imposed defects in director orientation on the instability evolution.
Arsenite sorption and co-precipitation with calcite
Creators: name: Roman-Ross, Gabriela
name: Cuello, Gabriel
name: Turrillas, Xavier
name: Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro
name: Charlet, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sorption of As(III) by calcite was investigated as a function of As(III) concentration, time and pH. The sorption isotherm, i.e. the log As(III) vs. log [As(OH)3 degrees / Assat] plot is S-shaped and has been modelled on an extended version of the surface precipitation model. At low concentrations, As(OH)3 degrees is adsorbed by complexation to surface Ca surface sites, as previously described by the X-ray standing wave technique. The inflexion point of the isotherm, where As(OH)3 degrees is limited by the amount of surface sites (ST), yields 6 sites nm-2 in good agreement with crystallographic data. Beyond this value, the amount of sorbed arsenic increases linearly with solution concentration, up to the saturation of arsenic with respect to the precipitation of CaHAsO3(s). The solid solutions formed in this concentration range were examined by X-ray and neutron diffraction. The doped calcite lattice parameters increase with arsenic content while c/a ratio remains constant. Our results made on bulk calcite on the atomic displacement of As atoms along [0001] direction extend those published by Cheng et al., (1999) on calcite surface. This study provides a molecular-level explanation for why As(III) is trapped by calcite in industrial treatments.
description: 9 pages
Planetesimal formation around the snow line: I. Monte Carlo simulations of silicate dust pile-up in a turbulent disk
Creators: name: Ida, Shigeru
name: Guillot, Tristan
name: Hyodo, Ryuki
name: Okuzumi, Satoshi
name: Youdin, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The formation of rocky planetesimals is a long-standing problem in planet formation theory. One of the possibilities is that it results from gravitational instability as a result of pile-up of small silicate dust particles released from sublimating icy pebbles that pass the snow line. Aims: We want to understand and quantify the role of the water snow line for the formation of rock-rich and ice-rich planetesimals. In this paper, we focus on the formation of rock-rich planetesimals. A companion paper examines the combined formation of both rock-rich and ice-rich planetesimals. Methods: We develop a new Monte Carlo code to calculate the radial evolution of silicate particles in a turbulent accretion disk, accounting for the back-reaction (i.e., inertia) of the particles on their radial drift velocity and diffusion. Results depend in particular on the particle injection width (determined from the radial sublimation width of icy pebbles), the pebble scale height and the pebble mass flux through the disk. The scale height evolution of the silicate particles, which is the most important factor for the runaway pile-up, is automatically calculated in this Lagrange method. Results: From the numerical results, we derive semi-analytical relations for the scale height of the silicate dust particles and the particles-to-gas density ratio at the midplane, as functions of a pebble-to-gas mass flux ratio and the $α$ parameters for disk gas accretion and vertical/radial diffusion. We find that the runaway pile-up of the silicate particles (formation of rocky planetesimals) occurs if the pebble-to-gas mass flux ratio is $> [(α_{Dz}/α_{acc})/3 \times 10^{-2}]^{1/2}$ where $α_{Dz}$ and $α_{acc}$ are the $α$ parameters for vertical turbulent diffusion and disk gas accretion.
description: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker - Overview and Status
Creators: name: Klein, Katja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With an active silicon area of more than 200 squaremetres, the silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment, one of the experiments currently under construction for the future Large Hadron Collider at CERN, will be by far the largest silicon tracker in the world. Efficient mass production and rigid quality control are crucial to finish the detector, comprising of more than 15000 silicon strip modules, in time with optimal quality. After excellent performance of substructures has been proven in various test beam experiments, integration of the active detector elements into the mechanical support structures as well as cabling and testing of these integrated structures has now started. In this article the CMS silicon strip tracker is described. Production, quality control and integration procedures are outlined and the detector status is reviewed. The detector performance in a recent test beam experiment is summarized.
description: Presented at the HEP2005 International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Lisboa, Portugal, July 2005
Low-mass dielectron measurements in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Scheid, H. Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectrons are an excellent probe for the QCD matter created in created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, since they are emitted during the whole evolution of the collision and do not interact strongly with the medium. To isolate the QGP signals, measurement of the dielectron production in vacuum and its modifications due to the presence of cold nuclear matter is necessary. We present and discuss results from a low magnetic field detector setup in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV, as well as the measurement of dielectron production in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5$ TeV.
description: Contribution to QM2019, submitted to Nuclear Physics, Section A
Health Disparities Impacting African Americans in Michigan
Creators: name: Michigan Department Of, Community Health
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: Disparities
Chronic Illness & Diseases
State Departments of Public Health

description: Health: A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (World Health Organization) Disparity: A chain of events signified by a difference in (1) environment; (2) access to, utilization of, and quality of care; (3) health status; or (4) a particular health outcome that deserves scrutiny.
D-JIP2-4.1.2 Description of the links and the linked databases (COHESIVE)
Creators: name: Di Pasquale, Adriano
name: Caldarelli, Valentina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: OHEJP
COHESIVE
Description of the links and the linked databases
Workpackage 4
D-JIP2-4.1.2 Description of the links and the linked databases
D 4.1.2 Description of the links and the linked databases
IZSAM

description: OHEJP Project: COHESIVE Project JIP2 COHESIVE COHESIVE: One Health Structure In Europe
 Deliverable D-JIP2-4.1.2 Deliverable D-4.1.2 Workpackage 4 D-JIP2-4.1.2 Description of the links and the linked databases
description: The initial code of this deliverable was D-4.1.2. Now the code is D-JIP2-4.2.
Material Challenges for Colloidal Quantum Nanostructures in Next Generation Displays
Creators: name: Panfil, Yossef E.
name: Oded, Meirav
name: Waiskopf, Nir
name: Banin, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent technological advancements have greatly improved the quality and resolution of displays. Yet, issues like full color gamut representation and long lasting durability of the color emitters require further progression. Colloidal quantum dots manifest an inherent narrow spectral emission with optical stability, combined with various chemical processability options which will allow for their integration in display applications. Apart from their numerous advantages, they also present unique opportunities for the next technological leaps in the field.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures
Geometry of Quasi-Free States of CCR Algebras
Creators: name: Yamagami, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L60; 46L51

description: Geometric positions of square roots of quasi-free states of CCR algebras are investigated together with an explicit formula for transition amplitudes among them.
description: 34 pages
Berry bands and pseudo-spin of topological photonic phases
Creators: name: Palmer, Samuel J.
name: Giannini, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realising photonic analogues of the robust, unidirectional edge states of electronic topological insulators would improve our control of light on the nanoscale and revolutionise the performance of photonic devices. Here we show that new symmetry protected topological phases can be detected by reformulating energy eigenproblems as Berry curvature eigenproblems. The "Berry bands" span the same eigenspace as the original valence energy bands, but separate into pseudo-spinful and pseudo-spinless subspaces in $\mathrm{C}_2\mathcal{T}$-symmetric crystals. We demonstrate the method on the well-known case of Wu & Hu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 223901 (2015)] and a recently discovered fragilely topological crystal, and show that both crystals belong to the same $\mathrm{C}_2\mathcal{T}$-protected $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological phase. This work helps unite theory and numerics, and is useful in defining and identifying new symmetry-protected phases in photonics and electronics.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures