cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Health insurance coverage and experiences of intimate partner violence and postpartum abuse screening among rural US residents who gave birth 2016‐2020
Creators: name: Henning‐Smith, Carrie
name: Kozhimannil, Katy Backes
name: Interrante, Julia D.
name: Lewis, Valerie A.
name: Fritz, Alyssa H.
name: Sheffield, Emily C.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: PURPOSE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is elevated among rural residents and contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality. Postpartum health insurance expansion efforts could address multiple causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, including IPV. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between perinatal health insurance, IPV, and postpartum abuse screening among rural US residents.
METHODS: Using 2016-2020 data on rural residents from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, we assessed self-report of experiencing physical violence by an intimate partner and rates of abuse screening at postpartum visits. Health insurance at childbirth and postpartum was categorized as private, Medicaid, or uninsured. We also measured insurance transitions from childbirth to postpartum (continuous private, continuous Medicaid, Medicaid to private, and Medicaid to uninsured).
FINDINGS: IPV rates varied by health insurance status at childbirth, with the highest rates among Medicaid beneficiaries (7.7%), compared to those who were uninsured (1.6%) or privately insured (1.6%). When measured by insurance transitions, the highest IPV rates were reported by those with continuous Medicaid coverage (8.6%), followed by those who transitioned from Medicaid at childbirth to private insurance (5.3%) or no insurance (5.9%) postpartum. Nearly half (48.1%) of rural residents lacked postpartum abuse screening, with the highest proportion among rural residents who were uninsured at childbirth (66.1%) or postpartum (52.1%).
CONCLUSION: Rural residents who are insured by Medicaid before or after childbirth are at elevated risk for IPV. Medicaid policy efforts to improve maternal health should focus on improving detection and screening for IPV among rural residents.
Gelis vicinus
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Gelis
Gelis vicinus

description: Gelis vicinus (GRAVENHORST, 1829), det. Schwarz
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap4:1♁15-29.vi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Transpalaearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Epidemiology of Infant Dengue Cases Illuminates Serotype-Specificity in the Interaction between Immunity and Disease, and Changes in Transmission Dynamics
Creators: name: Fernandez, S
name: Klungthong, C
name: Lessler, J
name: Nisalak, A
name: Thaisomboonsuk, B
name: Cummings, D.A.T
name: Kalayanarooj, S
name: Macareo, L.R
name: Reiser, J
name: Yoon, I.-K
name: Clapham, H
name: Srikiatkhachorn, A
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2015

description: Background: Infants born to dengue immune mothers acquire maternal antibodies to dengue. These antibodies, though initially protective, decline during the first year of life to levels thought to be disease enhancing, before reaching undetectable levels. Infants have long been studied to understand the interaction between infection and disease on an individual level. Methods/Findings: Considering infants (cases <1 year old) as a unique group, we analyzed serotype specific dengue case data from patients admitted to a pediatric hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. We show differences in the propensity of serotypes to cause disease in individuals with dengue antibodies (infants and post-primary cases) and in individuals without dengue antibodies (primary cases). The mean age of infant cases differed among serotypes, consistent with previously observed differential waning of maternal antibody titers by serotype. We show that trends over time in epidemiology of infant cases are consistent with those observed in the whole population, and therefore with trends in the force of infection. Conclusions/Significance: Infants with dengue are informative about the interaction between antibody and the dengue serotypes, confirming that in this population DENV-2 and DENV-4 almost exclusively cause disease in the presence of dengue antibody despite infections occurring in others. We also observe differences between the serotypes in the mean age in infant cases, informative about the interaction between waning immunity and disease for the different serotypes in infants. In addition, we show that the mean age of infant cases over time is informative about transmission in the whole population. Therefore, ongoing surveillance for dengue in infants could provide useful insights into dengue epidemiology, particularly after the introduction of a dengue vaccine targeting adults and older children.
Bulge globular clusters in spiral galaxies
Creators: name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Brodie, Jean
name: Larsen, Søren S.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: There is now strong evidence that the metal-rich globular clusters (GCs) near the center of our Galaxy are associated with the Galactic bulge rather than the disk as previously thought. Here we extend the concept of bulge GCs to the GC systems of nearby spiral galaxies. In particular, the kinematic and metallicity properties of the GC systems favor a bulge rather than a disk origin. The number of metal-rich GCs normalized by the bulge luminosity is roughly constant (i.e., bulge SN~1) in nearby spiral galaxies, and this value is similar to that for field elliptical galaxies when only the red (metal-rich) GCs are considered. We argue that the metallicity distributions of GCs in spiral and elliptical galaxies are remarkably similar and that they obey the same correlation of mean GC metallicity with host galaxy mass. We further suggest that the metal-rich GCs in spiral galaxies are the direct analogs of the red GCs seen in elliptical galaxies. The formation of a bulge/spheroidal stellar system is accompanied by the formation of metal-rich GCs. The similarities between GC systems in spiral and elliptical galaxies appear to be greater than the differences.
Glyptothorax kurdistanicus
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Siluriformes
Sisoridae
Glyptothorax
Glyptothorax kurdistanicus

description: 213. Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931)
Common name. Mesopotamian sucking catfish
Taxonomy. Original description: Glyptosternum kurdistanicum Berg, 1931: 384 [Serdesht, at Little Zab (36°N), River Bané basin, Iran, elevation 1,500 metres; holotype: ZIN 20780].
Revisions. Freyhof et al. (2021: 472); Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022, molecular systematics).
Illustrations. Freyhof et al. (2021: 473, figs. 18).
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Tigris.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.
Status in Iran. [Native].—Gorbemahi-e Kurdistan.—Listed in previous checklists from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2017 a, 2018); Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) and Eagderi et al. (2022).—Iran material: ZM-CBSU.
Conservation. —IUCN: DD.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
Tracking Cholera through Surveillance of Oral Rehydration Solution Sales at Pharmacies: Insights from Urban Bangladesh
Creators: name: Mckay, M.V
name: Khan, A
name: Ahmed, D
name: Lessler, J
name: Gurley, E.S
name: Azman, A.S
name: Satter, S.M
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2015

description: Background: In Bangladesh, pharmacy-purchased oral rehydration solution (ORS) is often used to treat diarrhea, including cholera. Over-the-counter sales have been used for epidemiologic surveillance in the past, but rarely, if ever, in low-income countries. With few early indicators for cholera outbreaks in endemic areas, diarrhea-related product sales may serve as a useful surveillance tool. Methodology/Principal Findings: We tracked daily ORS sales at 50 pharmacies and drug-sellers in an urban Bangladesh community of 129,000 for 6-months while simultaneously conducting surveillance for diarrhea hospitalizations among residents. We developed a mobile phone based system to track the sales of ORS and deployed it in parallel with a paper-based system. Our objectives were to determine if the mobile phone system was practical and acceptable to pharmacists and drug sellers, whether data were reported accurately compared to a paper-based system, and whether ORS sales were associated with future incidence of cholera hospitalizations within the community. We recorded 47,215 customers purchasing ORS, and 315 hospitalized diarrhea cases, 22% of which had culture-confirmed cholera. ORS sales and diarrhea incidence were independently associated with the mean daily temperature; therefore both unadjusted and adjusted models were explored. Through unadjusted cross-correlation statistics and generalized linear models, we found increases in ORS sales were significantly associated with increases in hospitalized diarrhea cases up to 9-days later and hospitalized cholera cases up to one day later. After adjusting for mean daily temperature, ORS was significantly associated with hospitalized diarrhea two days later and hospitalized cholera one day later. Conclusions/Significance: Pharmacy sales data may serve as a feasible and useful surveillance tool. Given the relatively short lagged correlation between ORS sales and diarrhea, rapid and accurate sales data are key. More work is needed in creating actionable algorithms that make use of this data and in understanding the generalizability of our findings to other settings.
Gnotus chionops
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Gnotus
Gnotus chionops

description: Gnotus chionops (GRAVENHORST, 1829), det. Schwarz
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 7: 1♀ 23.iv.-5.v.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Western Palaearctic and Nearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Les divinités gréco-égyptiennes dans les textes magiques coptes : une étude du syncrétisme religieux en Égypte tardo-antique et médiévale
Creators: name: Bélanger Sarrazin, Roxanne
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Égypte
Magie
Antiquité tardive
Époque médiévale
Copte
Textes magiques
Christianisme
Divinités égyptiennes
Divinités grecques
Syncrétisme
Transformation religieuse
Appropriation

description: Aujourd’hui, le corpus des textes magiques coptes compte 314 manuscrits publiés et plusieurs dizaines de textes toujours inédits, datés pour la plupart entre le 5e et le 12e siècle de notre ère. Parmi ceux-ci, un petit groupe composé de vingt-trois manuscrits magiques comprend des charmes qui présentent des invocations à des divinités grecques ou égyptiennes (p. ex. Artémis, Isis, Horus, Seth, Petbe) ou de courts récits mythologiques (historiolae) les mettant en scène. L’existence même de ces charmes soulève plusieurs questions : comment des références à des divinités traditionnelles se sont-elles retrouvées dans des textes « chrétiens » datés des 5e–12e siècles, et surtout, quels mécanismes ont été utilisés par les experts en rituels de l’Égypte tardo-antique et médiévale pour intégrer ces références dans leurs charmes ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, cette étude propose le premier examen exhaustif de l’ensemble de ces vingt-trois textes magiques coptes. Dans les trois premiers chapitres, nous étudions chacun des vingt-trois textes coptes en détail—les types de textes, les objectifs des charmes, les éléments traditionnels et chrétiens utilisés, les différentes façons dont ceux-ci ont été combinés—en plus de les comparer avec des textes magiques datés des périodes pharaonique (en moyen égyptien) et gréco-romaine (en démotique et en grec). Dans le dernier chapitre, nous offrons un examen plus général du groupe de vingt-trois textes en discutant entre autres de la datation et de la provenance des manuscrits, ainsi que des expressions récurrentes utilisées, ce qui nous permet également de les replacer dans le contexte plus large de l’ensemble du corpus des textes magiques coptes. Cette étude montre, d’une part, que nos vingt-trois textes magiques coptes témoignent d’une grande continuité dans les pratiques magiques en Égypte, puisque les éléments traditionnels utilisés (références aux divinités grecques et égyptiennes, historiolae, formules et expressions) ont été transmis, par l’intermédiaire de manuscrits magiques, depuis l’époque pharaonique jusqu’à l’époque médiévale. D’autre part, ces textes témoignent également de changements, et plus particulièrement, de nombreux processus syncrétiques, puisque les éléments traditionnels ont été réinterprétés, puis juxtaposés ou fusionnés à des éléments chrétiens. Ainsi, notre examen révèle comment les experts en rituels de l’Égypte tardo-antique et médiévale, en s’inspirant de manuscrits magiques plus anciens et en combinant des éléments de différentes traditions religieuses dans leurs charmes, sont devenus des agents du syncrétisme religieux et, de façon plus générale, de la transformation religieuse.
The First Use of the Global Oral Cholera Vaccine Emergency Stockpile: Lessons from South Sudan
Creators: name: Rumunu, J
name: Abubakar, A
name: Sack, D.A
name: Helderman, T
name: Legros, D
name: Azman, A.S
name: Lessler, J
name: Perea, W
name: Ciglenecki, I
name: Martin, S
name: West, H
name: Luquero, F.J
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2015

description: In December 2013, violence erupted in South Sudan’s capital, Juba, and quickly spread throughout the country. The crisis exacerbated an already dire humanitarian situation in the youngest and one of the poorest countries in the world, where 40% of the population had access to basic health services, 70% to an improved water supply, and only 13% to adequate sanitation facilities. Continued fighting and the threat of escalating violence resulted in displacement of more than one in five people throughout the country, many of them residing in Protection of Civilian (PoC) sites inside United Nations Mission bases and spontaneous settlements of internally displaced persons (IDPs).
title: Negotiating British-Muslim Identity: Hybridity, Exclusion and Resistance
Creators: name: Khan, F
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: Since the events of 11 September 2001 Islam and Muslims have been the subject of intense scrutiny and open to pervasive institutional construction, both on a domestic and global level. Such constructions implicate the identities of British-Muslims, the ummah and Muslim countries. The all-encompassing nature of this institutional construction, most notably within the media, mainstream political discourses and State security measures has left little space for British-Muslims to publically express their beliefs, feeling and perceptions in an arena untainted by dominant discourse. This project strives to fill this void by rooting the research in the experiences of British-Muslim youth as narrated by themselves and their peers. This primary research study used a combined method of both focus groups and semi-structured interviews to examine the young British-Muslim views on three interrelated research questions: firstly, ‘To assess the impacts of counter-terrorism legislation and security measures on British-Muslims post 9/11’; secondly, ‘To examine how British-Muslim identities have been institutionally represented since 9/11’; and, thirdly, ‘To analyse the micro-level strategies deployed by young British-Muslims to maintain and de-stigmatise identities which have been rendered suspect.’
Student reflections on preference and use of lecture notes and recordings
Creators: name: Cook, Emily
name: Blicblau, Aaron
name: Keane, Therese
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390113
subject: Science, technology and engineering curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: This study examines feedback from students about the use of Tablet PC technology in material science lectures to help us understand how students use available learning resources and to inform the creation of future materials. Students commented on their preferences for being given full notes or partial notes which were annotated during the lectures and also on how they used notes and recordings in their learning. Students presented conflicting views on which style of note-taking they preferred with a varied range of reasons for their preferences. Feedback indicated that students perceive that live lectures are important and that the distribution of complete notes and recordings were useful as revision aids and if missing a lecture was unavoidable. Suggestions were made that the technology could also be used to produce podcasts of key points and videos of demonstrations performed in lectures.
TerraFERMA Benchmarks
Creators: name: Wilson, Cian
name: Spiegelman, Marc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Solid Earth Sciences
subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: TerraFERMA, theTransparent Finite Element Rapid Model Assembler, is a software system for
the rapid and reproducible construction and exploration of coupled multi-physics model. The purpose of this document is to present the results of several geophysical benchmarks used to validate TerraFERMA.
Macroeconomic Factors Strike Back: A Bayesian Change-Point Model of Time-Varying Risk Exposures and Premia in the U.S. Cross-Section
Creators: name: Bianchi, Daniele
name: Guidolin, Massimo
name: Ravazzolo, Francesco
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: This article proposes a Bayesian estimation framework for a typical multi-factor model with time-varying risk exposures to macroeconomic risk factors and corresponding premia to price U.S. publicly traded assets. The model assumes that risk exposures and idiosyncratic volatility follow a break-point latent process, allowing for changes at any point on time but not restricting them to change at all points. The empirical application to 40 years of U.S. data and 23 portfolios shows that the approach yields sensible results compared to previous two-step methods based on naive recursive estimation schemes, as well as a set of alternative model restrictions. A variance decomposition test shows that although most of the predictable variation comes from the market risk premium, a number of additional macroeconomic risks, including real output and inflation shocks, are significantly priced in the cross-section. A Bayes factor analysis massively favors the proposed change-point model. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
The Impact of a One-Dose versus Two-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine Regimen in Outbreak Settings: A Modeling Study
Creators: name: Lessler, J
name: Ciglenecki, I
name: Grais, R.F
name: Azman, A.S
name: Sack, D.A
name: Luquero, F.J
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2015

description: In 2013, a stockpile of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was created for use in outbreak response, but vaccine availability remains severely limited. Innovative strategies are needed to maximize the health impact and minimize the logistical barriers to using available vaccine. Here we ask under what conditions the use of one dose rather than the internationally licensed two-dose protocol may do both. Using mathematical models we determined the minimum relative single-dose efficacy (MRSE) at which single-dose reactive campaigns are expected to be as or more effective than two-dose campaigns with the same amount of vaccine. Average one- and two-dose OCV effectiveness was estimated from published literature and compared to the MRSE. Results were applied to recent outbreaks in Haiti, Zimbabwe, and Guinea using stochastic simulations to illustrate the potential impact of one- and two-dose campaigns. At the start of an epidemic, a single dose must be 35%–56% as efficacious as two doses to avert the same number of cases with a fixed amount of vaccine (i.e., MRSE between 35% and 56%). This threshold decreases as vaccination is delayed. Short-term OCV effectiveness is estimated to be 77% (95% CI 57%–88%) for two doses and 44% (95% CI −27% to 76%) for one dose. This results in a one-dose relative efficacy estimate of 57% (interquartile range 13%–88%), which is above conservative MRSE estimates. Using our best estimates of one- and two-dose efficacy, we projected that a single-dose reactive campaign could have prevented 70,584 (95% prediction interval [PI] 55,943–86,205) cases in Zimbabwe, 78,317 (95% PI 57,435–100,150) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and 2,826 (95% PI 2,490–3,170) cases in Conakry, Guinea: 1.1 to 1.2 times as many as a two-dose campaign. While extensive sensitivity analyses were performed, our projections of cases averted in past epidemics are based on severely limited single-dose efficacy data and may not fully capture uncertainty due to imperfect surveillance data and uncertainty about the transmission dynamics of cholera in each setting. Reactive vaccination campaigns using a single dose of OCV may avert more cases and deaths than a standard two-dose campaign when vaccine supplies are limited, while at the same time reducing logistical complexity. These findings should motivate consideration of the trade-offs between one- and two-dose campaigns in resource-constrained settings, though further field efficacy data are needed and should be a priority in any one-dose campaign.
Gnotus rugosus HORSTMANN 1993
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Gnotus
Gnotus rugosus

description: Gnotus rugosus HORSTMANN, 1993, det. Schwarz
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 7: 1♀ 5-20.v., 1♀ 13-27.vii., 1♀ 27.vii.-20.viii.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Western Palaearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Efficient Augmented Inverse Probability Weighted Estimation in Missing Data Problems
Creators: name: Qin, Jing
name: Zhang, Biao
name: Leung, Denis H.Y.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: When analyzing data with missing data, a commonly used method is the inverse probability weighting (IPW) method, which reweights estimating equations with propensity scores. The popularity of the IPW method is due to its simplicity. However, it is often being criticized for being inefficient because most of the information from the incomplete observations is not used. Alternatively, the regression method is known to be efficient but is nonrobust to the misspecification of the regression function. In this article, we propose a novel way of optimally combining the propensity score function and the regression model. The resulting estimating equation enjoys the properties of robustness against misspecification of either the propensity score or the regression function, as well as being locally semiparametric efficient. We demonstrate analytically situations where our method leads to a more efficient estimator than some of its competitors. In a simulation study, we show the new method compares favorably with its competitors in finite samples. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Genetic architecture and biology of youth-onset type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Mercader, Josep M.
name: Mottl, Amy K.
name: Gandica, Rachelle G.
name: Isganaitis, Elvira
name: Laffel, Lori M.
name: Florez, Jose C.
name: Kwak, Soo Heon
name: Srinivasan, Shylaja
name: Todd, Jennifer
name: Haymond, Morey W.
name: Pollin, Toni I.
name: Pihoker, Catherine
name: Levitsky, Lynne L.
name: Flannick, Jason
name: Divers, Jasmin
name: Jensen, Elizabeth T.
name: Chen, Ling
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: The prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) and childhood obesity has been rising steadily1, producing a growing public health concern1 that disproportionately affects minority groups2. The genetic basis of youth-onset T2D and its relationship to other forms of diabetes are unclear3. Here we report a detailed genetic characterization of youth-onset T2D by analysing exome sequences and common variant associations for 3,005 individuals with youth-onset T2D and 9,777 adult control participants matched for ancestry, including both males and females. We identify monogenic diabetes variants in 2.4% of individuals and three exome-wide significant (P < 2.6 × 10−6) gene-level associations (HNF1A, MC4R, ATXN2L). Furthermore, we report rare variant association enrichments within 25 gene sets related to obesity, monogenic diabetes and β-cell function. Many youth-onset T2D associations are shared with adult-onset T2D, but genetic risk factors of all frequencies—and rare variants in particular—are enriched within youth-onset T2D cases (5.0-fold increase in the rare variant and 3.4-fold increase in common variant genetic liability relative to adult-onset cases). The clinical presentation of participants with youth-onset T2D is influenced in part by the frequency of genetic risk factors within each individual. These findings portray youth-onset T2D as a heterogeneous disease situated on a spectrum between monogenic diabetes and adult-onset T2D.
title: To what extent can interconnections with the Cyclades be identified in the Early Bronze Age Aegean through the burial record?
Creators: name: Nolan-Webster, AC
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: The Early Bronze Age Aegean (hereafter EBA) is a period for which direct evidence for large-scale sailing ventures is limited. However, cultural, social and economic developments seem to occur between areas separated by the Aegean Sea. The aim of this thesis is to address the question: To what extent can interconnections be identified with the Cyclades in the EBA Aegean through the burial record? Burials are a good measure of interaction because unlike artefacts they represent social processes deeply embedded in systems of social order, cultural meaning and daily habituation. This is important as settlement evidence and domestic assemblages are often unavailable for the EBA period. Burial practices all imply direct experience, contact and extended interaction in a way that cannot be so easily presumed for other, more portable forms, for example, material culture. These elements are enduring and cannot be traded and so provide a good source for determining interconnections in the EBA period. Cemetery evidence will be presented from the Cyclades, Crete and mainland Greece, organised by three main themes of grave architecture, burial and the treatment of the dead and ritual practices. The evidence from these three core geographical areas suggests that interconnections were clearly established through the spread of Cycladic burial customs in addition to the known evidence for trade in material culture. In particular Cycladic influence in burial intentionally provokes ideas of memory, identity, visibility, performance and destruction. The burial practices highlighting periods of sustained co-presence between people from the Cyclades and elsewhere in the Aegean. These practices are indicative of high levels of mobility that involved extended stays away from the Cycladic islands. For some this journey would be their final one resulting ultimately in burial in a location away from home. The ritual practices carried out within the burial arena are only reproduced by individuals who see these elements as their own thereby unequivocally demonstrating clear evidence for Cycladic interconnections in the EBA.
Grasseiteles punctus
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Grasseiteles
Grasseiteles punctus

description: Grasseiteles punctus (HOLMGREN, 1857), det. Schwarz
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 7: 1♀ 1-13.vi., 1♀ 13-27.vii., 3♀♀ 27.vii.-10.viii., 1♀ 10- 24.viii.; 1♀ 24.viii.-7.ix.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Western Palaearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Transport networks and inequities in vaccination: Remoteness shapes measles vaccine coverage and prospects for elimination across Africa
Creators: name: Cutts, F
name: Takahashi, S
name: Tatem, A
name: Metcalf, C.J.E
name: Grenfell, B.T
name: Lessler, J
name: Bjornstad, O.N
name: O'Reilly, K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Measles vaccination is estimated to have averted 13·8 million deaths between 2000 and 2012. Persisting heterogeneity in coverage is a major contributor to continued measles mortality, and a barrier to measles elimination and introduction of rubella-containing vaccine. Our objective is to identify determinants of inequities in coverage, and how vaccine delivery must change to achieve elimination goals, which is a focus of the WHO Decade of Vaccines. We combined estimates of travel time to the nearest urban centre (≥50 000 people) with vaccination data from Demographic Health Surveys to assess how remoteness affects coverage in 26 African countries. Building on a statistical mapping of coverage against age and geographical isolation, we quantified how modifying the rate and age range of vaccine delivery affects national coverage. Our scenario analysis considers increasing the rate of delivery of routine vaccination, increasing the target age range of routine vaccination, and enhanced delivery to remote areas. Geographical isolation plays a key role in defining vaccine inequity, with greater inequity in countries with lower measles vaccine coverage. Eliminating geographical inequities alone will not achieve thresholds for herd immunity, indicating that changes in delivery rate or age range of routine vaccination will be required. Measles vaccine coverage remains far below targets for herd immunity in many countries on the African continent and is likely to be inadequate for achieving rubella elimination. The impact of strategies such as increasing the upper age range eligible for routine vaccination should be considered.
Estimating the Life Course of Influenza A(H3N2) Antibody Responses from Cross-Sectional Data
Creators: name: Kucharski, A.J
name: Cummings, D.A.T
name: Read, J.M
name: Lessler, J
name: Zhu, H
name: Riley, S
name: Jiang, C.Q
name: Guan, Y
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2015

description: The immunity of a host population against specific influenza A strains can influence a number of important biological processes, from the emergence of new virus strains to the effectiveness of vaccination programmes. However, the development of an individual’s long-lived antibody response to influenza A over the course of a lifetime remains poorly understood. Accurately describing this immunological process requires a fundamental understanding of how the mechanisms of boosting and cross-reactivity respond to repeated infections. Establishing the contribution of such mechanisms to antibody titres remains challenging because the aggregate effect of immune responses over a lifetime are rarely observed directly. To uncover the aggregate effect of multiple influenza infections, we developed a mechanistic model capturing both past infections and subsequent antibody responses. We estimated parameters of the model using cross-sectional antibody titres to nine different strains spanning 40 years of circulation of influenza A(H3N2) in southern China. We found that “antigenic seniority” and quickly decaying cross-reactivity were important components of the immune response, suggesting that the order in which individuals were infected with influenza strains shaped observed neutralisation titres to a particular virus. We also obtained estimates of the frequency and age distribution of influenza infection, which indicate that although infections became less frequent as individuals progressed through childhood and young adulthood, they occurred at similar rates for individuals above age 30 y. By establishing what are likely to be important mechanisms driving epochal trends in population immunity, we also identified key directions for future studies. In particular, our results highlight the need for longitudinal samples that are tested against multiple historical strains. This could lead to a better understanding of how, over the course of a lifetime, fast, transient antibody dynamics combine with the longer-term immune responses considered here.
Hemiteles rubropleuralis KISS 1929
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Hemiteles
Hemiteles rubropleuralis

description: Hemiteles rubropleuralis KISS, 1929, det. Schwarz
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 7: 1♀ 13-27.vii., 1♀ 24.viii.-7.ix.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Western Palaearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Seven challenges for model-driven data collection in experimental and observational studies
Creators: name: Hollingsworth, T.D
name: Lloyd, A.L
name: Lessler, J
name: Halloran, M.E
name: Edmunds, W.J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Infectious disease models are both concise statements of hypotheses and powerful techniques for creating tools from hypotheses and theories. As such, they have tremendous potential for guiding data collection in experimental and observational studies, leading to more efficient testing of hypotheses and more robust study designs. In numerous instances, infectious disease models have played a key role in informing data collection, including the Garki project studying malaria, the response to the 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza in the United Kingdom and studies of T-cell immunodynamics in mammals. However, such synergies remain the exception rather than the rule; and a close marriage of dynamic modeling and empirical data collection is far from the norm in infectious disease research. Overcoming the challenges to using models to inform data collection has the potential to accelerate innovation and to improve practice in how we deal with infectious disease threats.
Improving retention in first-year mathematics using learning analytics
Creators: name: Faridhan, Yasmin Erika
name: Loch, Birgit
name: Walker, Lyndon
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Despite the importance of mathematical skills in quantitative disciplines, high failure rates in first-year university mathematics subjects have been observed in many parts of the world. Mathematics support provisions are established in many tertiary institutions in order to assist at-risk students to master and pass mathematics subjects. However, while a significant amount of data is being collected on students (e.g. entry scores, backgrounds), their behaviour (e.g. access of support services, engagement with online resources) and their performance (e.g. in assignments, tests), not much analysis is currently done with this data to predict a student’s chances of success, and to better guide the services of mathematics support centres and target intervention procedures. This paper reviews relevant literature and describes a proposed research project to improve retention in first-year mathematics using a learning analytics approach.
Isadelphus armatus
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Isadelphus
Isadelphus armatus

description: Isadelphus armatus (GRAVENHORST, 1829)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 2: 1♀ 5-20.v.; trap 4: 1♁ 15-29.vi.; trap 7: 1♀ 5-20.v.; trap 15: 1♀ 30.vi.-14.vii.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Western Palaearctic, known from Georgia (RIEDEL & JAPOSHVILI 2021).
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10788481
Modeling Dependence in High Dimensions With Factor Copulas
Creators: name: Oh, Dong Hwan
name: Patton, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This article presents flexible new models for the dependence structure, or copula, of economic variables based on a latent factor structure. The proposed models are particularly attractive for relatively high-dimensional applications, involving 50 or more variables, and can be combined with semiparametric marginal distributions to obtain flexible multivariate distributions. Factor copulas generally lack a closed-form density, but we obtain analytical results for the implied tail dependence using extreme value theory, and we verify that simulation-based estimation using rank statistics is reliable even in high dimensions. We consider “scree” plots to aid the choice of the number of factors in the model. The model is applied to daily returns on all 100 constituents of the S&P 100 index, and we find significant evidence of tail dependence, heterogeneous dependence, and asymmetric dependence, with dependence being stronger in crashes than in booms. We also show that factor copula models provide superior estimates of some measures of systemic risk. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Plasma proenkephalin A and incident chronic kidney disease and albuminuria in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort
Creators: name: Ix, Joachim H.
name: Shlipak, Michael G.
name: Cheung, Katharine L.
name: Gutierrez, Orlando M.
name: Cushman, Mary
name: Poursadrolah, Sayna
name: Schulte, Janin
name: Long, D. Leann
name: Rifkin, Dena E.
name: Al-Rousan, Tala
name: Sharma, Shilpa
name: Bullen, Alexander L.
name: Short, Samuel A. P.
name: Fregoso, Alma
name: Katz, Ronit
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Background Plasma proenkephalin A (PENK-A) is a precursor of active enkephalins. Higher blood concentrations have been associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in European populations. Due to the significant disparity in incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) between White and Black people, we evaluated the association of PENK-A with incident CKD and other kidney outcomes among a biracial cohort in the U.S. Methods In a nested cohort of 4,400 participants among the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke, we determined the association between baseline PENK-A concentration and incident CKD using the creatinine-cystatin C CKD-EPI 2021 equation without race coefficient, significant eGFR decline, and incident albuminuria between baseline and a follow-up visit 9.4 years later. We tested for race and sex interactions. We used inverse probability sampling weights to account for the sampling design. Results At baseline, mean (SD) age was 64 (8) years, 49% were women, and 52% were Black participants. 8.5% developed CKD, 21% experienced ≥ 30% decline in eGFR and 18% developed albuminuria. There was no association between PENK-A and incident CKD and no difference by race or sex. However, higher PENK-A was associated with increased odds of progressive eGFR decline (OR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.00, 1.25). Higher PENK-A concentration was strongly associated with incident albuminuria among patients without diabetes mellitus (OR:1.29; 95% CI 1.09, 1.53). Conclusion While PENK-A was not associated with incident CKD, its associations with progression of CKD and incident albuminuria, among patients without diabetes, suggest that it might be a useful tool in the evaluation of kidney disease among White and Black patients.
Trans-lesion synthesis and mismatch repair pathway crosstalk defines chemoresistance and hypermutation mechanisms in glioblastoma
Creators: name: Cheng, Xing
name: Anand, Jay Ramanlal
name: Wang, Yilin
name: Lou, Jitong
name: Shelton, Abigail
name: Satterlee, Andrew Benson
name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Hsiao, Yun-Chung
name: Lu, Kun
name: Wu, Di
name: An, Jing
name: Vaziri, Cyrus
name: Gu, Qisheng
name: Ding, Weimin
name: Droby, Gaith Nabil
name: Mann, Breanna
name: Liu, Chih-Wei
name: Wang, Chenghao
name: Gao, Yanzhe
name: Hingtgen, Shawn
name: Wang, Jiguang
name: Yang, Yang
name: Liu, Zhaoliang
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Almost all Glioblastoma (GBM) are either intrinsically resistant to the chemotherapeutical drug temozolomide (TMZ) or acquire therapy-induced mutations that cause chemoresistance and recurrence. The genome maintenance mechanisms responsible for GBM chemoresistance and hypermutation are unknown. We show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 (a proximal regulator of TLS) is activated in a Mismatch repair (MMR)-dependent manner in TMZ-treated GBM cells, promoting post-replicative gap-filling and survival. An unbiased CRISPR screen provides an aerial map of RAD18-interacting DNA damage response (DDR) pathways deployed by GBM to tolerate TMZ genotoxicity. Analysis of mutation signatures from TMZ-treated GBM reveals a role for RAD18 in error-free bypass of O6mG (the most toxic TMZ-induced lesion), and error-prone bypass of other TMZ-induced lesions. Our analyses of recurrent GBM patient samples establishes a correlation between low RAD18 expression and hypermutation. Taken together we define molecular underpinnings for the hallmark tumorigenic phenotypes of TMZ-treated GBM.
title: A CLINICAL & HEALTH ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THORACIC AORTIC ANEURYSM SURGERY
Creators: name: Bashir, M
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition which affects different parts of the aorta. A significant proportion of patients present with incidental aneurysmal disease and are physically asymptomatic at the time of their first presentation. However, despite their asymptomatic nature the existence of an acute aortic syndrome represents a life threatening disease which is associated with a high mortality rate. Thus the effective and efficient diagnosis and treatment of such patients is essential in optimizing both their quality and quantity of life. This thesis takes advantage of a range of structural and policy changes that have been undertaken at Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (LHCH) to evaluate the impact of such changes on the clinical and cost effectiveness of aortic surgery. Foremost amongst these changes was the reorganization of the aortic service in 2007 to concentrate treatment in the hands of a small number of specialists. This thesis examines subspecialisation and reorganisation of surgical expertise and activity for the treatment of aortic surgery patients at LHCH resulted in significantly improved patient outcomes which is being achieved with cost neutral changes in service delivery. The thesis will assess the impact of this subspecialisation on a range of outcome dimensions including patient outcomes and the efficiency of resource utilization within the aortic service at LHCH. The focus of this study is in tune with increased sub-specialization in a wide range of therapeutic areas in hospitals throughout the UK. It is hoped that the methodology and findings of this study may contain lessons that may be applicable to specialisms outside aortic surgery throughout the NHS and assist in developing an evidence based health policy to inform the ever growing trend towards increased sub specialization. The improvements appeared to simply result from the natural enhancement of expertise that results from concentration of specialist surgery in fewer and hence more experienced hands. In this regard, centralization of thoracic aortic aneurysm service appears to enhance both survival. The generalizability of these findings and potential lessons for the provision of specialist surgery in other therapeutic areas await further investigation.