Solanum (sect. Herpystichum) Bitter
Creators: name: Tepe, EJ
name: Bohs, L
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum

description: <i>Solanum</i> sect. <i>Herpystichum</i> Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 331. 1921. — LECTOTYPE species: <i>S. trifolium</i> Dunal (designated by Seithe 1962). Herbaceous to woody, ground-trailing to climbing vines, rooting at the nodes; stems and leaves glabrous to pubescent, the trichomes, if present, multicellular and unbranched. Sympodial units plurifoliate or unifoliate. Leaves simple or pinnately compound, membranous to somewhat fleshy, sand-punctate, the leaf venation palmate or pinnate, the compound leaves with 3 or 5 leaflets, with interstitial leaflets lacking; pseudostipules absent. Inflorescences usually extraaxillary, rarely axillary or leaf-opposed, usually opposed by adventitious roots in the ground-trailing species, usually unbranched, but rarely once or twice branched, ebracteate, bearing 3–116 flowers (scars), but usually fewer than 15; pedicels articulated at the base. Buds globose, rounded to pointed at apex (onion-shaped). Flowers apparently all perfect. Calyx short-lobed, the lobes membranous to fleshy; corollas stellate to pentagonal to rotate, 7–20 mm in diameter; anthers yellow, more or less equal, short and stout, oblong, not connivent, dehiscing by large apical pores, opening into introrse longitudinal slits with age, the filaments free, glabrous; ovary glabrous to minutely papillose. Fruit a berry, yellow, bronzebrown, purplish-black, to orangish-red when mature, occasionally mottled, slightly flattened and globose to conical to spindle-shaped, or strongly flattened and rhomboid to deltoid in outline, flattened perpendicular to the septum, the strongly flattened fruits with a narrow ridge around the margin. Seeds (mature) 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, rounded, teardropshaped to reniform, flattened, ca. 0.5 mm thick, tan to light reddish-brown, the surface minutely rugose to granular. 1. Leavessimple................................................................................................................... 2 2. Petioles mostly&lt;2 cm long; leaf venation pinnate................................................................................ 3 3. Leaveswith 3–4 pairsofsecondaryveins (often obscure)....................................................................... 4 4. Internodes mostly&lt;1.5 cm long; arrangement of leaves and branches clearly distichous; branches mostly straight and arising at a near 45° angle from the main stem; leaves drying greenish to brownish, but not conspicuously blackish; inflorescencesoftenstem-terminaloratleastintheleafypartofthestem; allstemsterete...................... 4. <i>S. evolvulifolium</i> 4. Internodes mostly&gt; 1.5 cm long; arrangement of leaves and branches variable and not regularly distichous; branches sinuous and arising at various angles from the main stem; leaves frequently drying blackish; inflorescencesusuallyonolder, leaflesspartsofthestem; olderstems 8-shapedincross-section................... 6. <i>S. loxophyllum</i> 3. Leaveswith (4–)5–7 pairsofsecondaryveins................................................................................. 5 5. Plants somewhat fleshy; stems rather thick and fleshy; leaves broadly ovate to elliptic, 1–2 times as long as wide, somewhat fleshy, drying blackish; inflorescences 1–4 cmlong, occasionallybranched; corollas 1.5–2 cmindiameter............................. 1. <i>S. crassinervium</i> 5. Plants herbaceous or woody, not discernibly fleshy; stems slender, herbaceous to woody; leaves lanceolate to ovate (rarely elliptic), 2–3 times as long as wide, nearly membranaceous to chartaceous, not noticeably fleshy, and drying greenish or brownish, not conspicuously blackish; inflorescences greater than 4 cm long, unbranched; corollas 0.7–1 cmindiameter.............................................................................. 6 6. Stems wiry-woody, light brown; leaves chartaceous with asymmetrical bases, the sides of the lamina 3–4 mm distant on the petiole; petioles 0.2–0.7 cm; plantsvariouslypubescent, especiallytheinflorescence................................................ 3. <i>S. dolichorhachis</i> 6. Stems herbaceous, green; leaves membranaceous with ± symmetrical bases; petioles 1–1.5 cm; plantsglabrous....................................................................................... 7. <i>S. pacificum</i> 2. Petioles mostly&gt; 3 cm long; leaf venation palmate………7 7. Plantspubescent; corollasrotate-stellate (dividedtoaboutthemiddle); highelevations (&gt; 2,000 m)................... 2. <i>S. dalibardiforme</i> 7. Plantsglabrous; corollasstellate (dividednearlytothebase); lowelevations (&lt;500 m)............................. 5. <i>S. limoncochaense</i> 1. Leaves 3–5 foliate................................................................................................................ 8 8. Leaves 5-foliate, thecorollastellate............................................................................... 8. <i>S. pentaphyllum</i> 8. Leaves 3-foliate, thecorollastellate or rotate………9 9. Petiole and petiolules glabrous to sparsely pubescent; leaflets elliptical to rhomboidal to rounded withobtusetoacuminateapices (alwayspointed); corollasstellate, white......................................... 9. <i>S. phaseoloides</i> 9. Petiole and petiolules covered in short, dense pubescence; leaflets rounded with rounded to truncate apices, someminutelyapiculate; corollasrotate, violet.................................................................. 10. <i>S. trifolium</i>
description: Published as part of <i>Tepe, EJ &amp; Bohs, L, 2011, A revision of Solanum section Herpystichum, pp. 1068-1087 in Systematic Botany 36 (4)</i> on page 1074, DOI: 10.1600/036364411X605074, http://zenodo.org/record/6327846
description: {"references": ["Seithe, A. 1962. Die Haararten der Gattung Solanum L. und ihre taxonomische Verwertung. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 81: 261 - 336."]}