cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetically induced transparency and tunable fano resonances in hybrid optomechanics
Creators: name: Akram, Muhammad Javed
name: Ghafoor, Fazal
name: Saif, Farhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explain the phenomena of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a weak probe field and tunable Fano resonances in hybrid optomechanics. The system of study consists of a two-level atom coupled to a single-mode field of an optomechanical resonator with a moving mirror. We show that a single EIT window exists in the presence of optomechanical coupling or Jaynes-Cummings coupling, whereas two distinct double EIT windows occur when both the couplings are simultaneously present. Furthermore, based on our analytic and numerical work, we prove the existence of tunable fano resonances in the system. The controlling parameters of the system, which switch from a single EIT window to double EIT windows and are needed to tune the fano resonances, can be realized in present-day laboratory experiments.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, New published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1304.0389 by other authors
Unconventional superconductivity with preformed pairs in twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Islam, SK Firoz
name: Zyuzin, A. Yu.
name: Zyuzin, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene and analyze the superconducting phase diagram in presence of the magnetic field. Namely, we consider a model of a granular array hosting localized states, which are hybridized via the delocalized fermions in the inter-grain regions. We study a strong coupling situation when the interactions lead to an incoherent state with preformed Cooper pairs inside the grains. The Andreev scattering among different grains manifests itself through the global phase-coherent superconducting state at lower temperatures. We demonstrate that a new phase transition between the preformed Cooper pairing state and the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell state might be induced by the spin pair-breaking effect of in-plane magnetic field. The upper critical magnetic field is shown to be enhanced in the strong coupling case.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
title: Our Mountains
Creators: name: Smith, Jordon
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Wyoming is thought of as an empty space; a spot on the map that one must travel through in order to get to their true destination. Growing up in this “nothing” state, I found it to be a very different place. There was adventure, beauty, danger, and death, and I loved every inch of it. This piece is a creative exploration of what it means to live in Wyoming not only as a child, but as a girl and a woman, as an individual and as a community, as the apex species as well as the bottom rung of the food chain. Wyoming produces a very distinct type of person. My father became rigid and frightened of the land and I explore how this happened through the stories he told me and by the way he behaved around the land. I didn’t know exactly how the land molded me. So I explore myself through my family, community, and the land I grew up with in this piece. Each chapter details different moments within my childhood and within my family that encapsulates what it takes to survive in such a strange and harsh environment and how it molded me into the person I have become. These moments range from a young girl jumping into a rushing river after a dog to a natural hunter who cannot stand the thought of death. Even in these pages, I’m not sure I can decipher who I have become, but the connection between me and Wyoming is ever present.
Cosmo++: An Object-Oriented C++ Library for Cosmology
Creators: name: Aslanyan, Grigor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces a new publicly available numerical library for cosmology, Cosmo++. The library has been designed using object-oriented programming techniques, and fully implemented in C++. Cosmo++ introduces a unified interface for using most of the frequently used numerical methods in cosmology. Most of the features are implemented in Cosmo++ itself, while a part of the functionality is implemented by linking to other publicly available libraries. The most important features of the library are Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies power spectrum and transfer function calculations, likelihood calculations, parameter space sampling tools, sky map simulations, and mask apodization. Cosmo++ also includes a few mathematical tools that are frequently used in numerical research in cosmology and beyond. A few simple examples are included in Cosmo++ to help the user understand the key features. The library has been fully tested, and we describe some of the important tests in this paper. Cosmo++ is publicly available at http://cosmo.grigoraslanyan.com
description: Paper updated to reflect the updates in version 2.0 of Cosmo++
title: Tenrec ecaudatus: Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Effects on Aerobic Metabolism
Creators: name: Silva Rubio, Claudia
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Common tenrecs are the largest species within the family Tenrecidae and are endemic to Madagascar, a vast and hypervariable landscape. Malagasy tenrecs undergo hibernation for several months during the Austral winter but use burrows during their active and hibernation seasons. Previously normoxic and normocapnic (20.95% O2, 0.04% CO2) experiments on active and hibernating tenrecs have shown the bizarre nature of tenrec aerobic metabolism. Active tenrecs have up to a 25-fold variation in resting oxygen consumption (V̇O2), with values similar to a hibernating tenrec V̇O2 up to values typical for most mammals. Regardless of physiological state and ambient temperature, tenrec resting V̇O2, body temperature (Tb), and heart rate (HR), intimately associated physiological variables, are not well connected. Further, tenrecs may hibernate socially within a completely enclosed burrow. Such circumstances may produce abiotic stresses, mainly hypoxic (< 20.95% O2) and hypercapnic (> 0.04% CO2) environments. This brings into question the hypoxic and hypercapnic tolerances of common tenrecs. Active animals were exposed to increasingly hypoxic (16 to 4% O2) or hypercapnic (2 to 10% CO2) exposures followed by a return to normoxia and normocapnia in ambient temperatures (Ta) of 16 and 28°C, while responses in V̇O2, Tb, and HR were measured. Separate experiments exposed active tenrecs to 16 or 7% O2 followed by a return to normoxia to measure decreases in Tb mediated by hypoxia in an attempt to compare responses to endothermic mammals. Tenrec responses to either stressor appear partially dependent on Ta. Active tenrecs depressed V̇O2 by 57.9-69.8% in 7% O2 and by 62.1-69.9% in 4% O2 environments at 16°C. Progressively hypercapnic conditions at 16°C depressed V̇O2 by 62.9-82.4% when animals reach 10% CO2 treatment. Tenrec Tb reached a 4.74°C decrease after 4 h of 7% O2 exposure, but this most likely resulted from passive measures, a stark contrast in strategy compared to endothermic mammals. Reductions in tenrec V̇O2 as a response to 7% O2 or increasingly hypoxic or hypercapnic conditions are followed by higher V̇O2 variability between tenrecs during recovery periods, meaning animals depress V̇O2 with minor coordination between processes at 16°C. Common tenrecs do not markedly modify V̇O2 and instead may rely on ventilation and/or vasodilation changes at 28°C which may explain a small decrease in Tb seen at 4% O2 and 10% CO2. Ultimately, active common tenrec V̇O2, Tb, and HR remain partially disconnected in strenuous environments with Ta dependent responses that are possibly ancestral strategies for a placental mammal.
Massenerschießungen auf Utøya. Eine prozesssoziologische Erklärung der Gewaltausübung im Fall Breivik
Creators: name: Wagner, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 300
subject: Breivik
subject: Dauer
subject: Gewaltforschung
subject: Konfrontationsanspannung
subject: Massenerschießung
subject: Mikrosoziologie
subject: Prozesssoziologie
subject: Sequenzialität
subject: Täuschung
subject: Utøya

description: Die vorliegende Studie analysiert den „Fall Breivik“ in prozesssoziologischer Perspektive. Dafür greift sie maßgeblich auf die Mikrosoziologie der Gewalt zurück. Sie untersucht die Ereignisse am Tag der Tat sowie die Vorbereitung der Angriffe mit Hilfe einer sequenziellen Ereignisrekonstruktion. Das zentrale Augenmerk liegt auf der Frage, warum die Massenerschießungen auf Utøya über einen ungewöhnlich langen Zeitraum hinweg andauern. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die auf der Hinterbühne entstandenen Kosten, als auch während der Tat genutzte Täuschung durch eine Verkleidung und die Antizipation auf die Zukunft dazu geführt haben, dass Breivik seinen Amoklauf beginnt. Der Fakt, dass er als vermeintlicher Polizist hauptsächlich unbewaffneten Jugendlichen gegenübersteht, führt in den Situationen immer wieder zu seiner direkten Überlegenheit und so zu einer emotionalen Dominanz. Diese und andere situative Bedingungen führen dazu, dass er aus den Situationen erfolgreich hervortritt, wodurch die Gewaltsituation weiter andauert.
Fat Pointers for Temporal Memory Safety of C
Creators: name: Zhou, Jie
name: Criswell, John
name: Hicks, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temporal memory safety bugs, especially use-after-free and double free bugs, pose a major security threat to C programs. Real-world exploits utilizing these bugs enable attackers to read and write arbitrary memory locations, causing disastrous violations of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Many previous solutions retrofit temporal memory safety to C, but they all either incur high performance overhead and/or miss detecting certain types of temporal memory safety bugs. In this paper, we propose a temporal memory safety solution that is both efficient and comprehensive. Specifically, we extend Checked C, a spatially-safe extension to C, with temporally-safe pointers. These are implemented by combining two techniques: fat pointers and dynamic key-lock checks. We show that the fat-pointer solution significantly improves running time and memory overhead compared to the disjoint-metadata approach that provides the same level of protection. With empirical program data and hands-on experience porting real-world applications, we also show that our solution is practical in terms of backward compatibility -- one of the major complaints about fat pointers.
Physics of beer tapping
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Javier
name: Casado-Chacon, Almudena
name: Fuster, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The popular bar prank known in colloquial English as beer tapping consists in hitting the top of a beer bottle with a solid object, usually another bottle, to trigger the foaming over of the former within a few seconds. Despite the trick being known for long time, to the best of our knowledge, the phenomenon still lacks scientific explanation. Although it seems natural to think that shock-induced cavitation enhances the diffusion of CO$_2$ from the supersaturated bulk liquid into the bubbles by breaking them up, the subtle mechanism by which this happens remains unknown. Here we show that the overall foaming-over process can be divided into three stages where different physical phenomena take place in different time-scales, namely: bubble-collapse (or cavitation) stage, diffusion-driven stage and buoyancy-driven stage. In the bubble-collapse stage, the impact generates a train of expansion-compression waves in the liquid that leads to the fragmentation of pre-existing gas cavities. Upon bubble fragmentation, the sudden increase of the interface-area-to-volume ratio enhances mass transfer significantly, which makes the bubble volume grow by a large factor until CO$_2$ is locally depleted. At that point buoyancy takes over, making the bubble clouds rise and eventually form buoyant vortex rings whose volume grows fast due to the feedback between the buoyancy-induced rising speed and the advection-enhanced CO$_2$ transport from the bulk liquid to the bubble. The physics behind this explosive process might also be connected to some geological phenomena.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 4 movies Accepted in Physical Review Letters
title: Predictor of Hospital Closure in the United States
Creators: name: Shariatmadari, Haniyeh
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Hospital closures have recently been more common and a crucial concern in the United States since they can influence many aspects of patients' health conditions. This situation has led many scholars to investigate the adverse effect of hospitals closure. Previous research has well documented the effects of a hospital closure. However, there is a lack of studies on the predictor of a hospital closure. To fill this gap, the objective of this longitudinal study is to explore organizational and market factors associated with hospital closure. We used Data from the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Cost Reports, and the Area Health Resource Files (AHRF) for this analysis. This study includes all medical/surgical acute care hospitals operating in the United States between 2005 and 2019. We used an unbalanced panel design with logistic regression and marginal effects to explore the probability of our predictor variables on hospital closure. SAS version 9.4 and STATA version 13 were utilized. Our multivariate logistic regression indicated that hospitals located in more affluent counties had a lower probability of closing (0.04%, p≤0.05). Compared to smaller hospitals; larger hospitals had a (marginally significant) lower probability of closing (1.99%, p≤0.1). Hospitals with higher financial performance had a lower probability of closing with respectively (0.02%, p≤0.0001) for operating and (0.03%, p≤0.0001) for total margin. Compared to for-profit hospitals, not-for-profit hospitals and non-federal government hospitals had a lower probability of closure (2.54%, p≤0.0001 and 3.35%, p≤0.0001), respectively. After the full implementation of the ACA, hospitals had a lower probability (0.87%, p≤0.0001) of closing. Finally, hospitals with higher occupancy rates had a lower probability of closing (0.03%, p≤0.001). Our study findings will give policymakers and hospital leadership teams tools to design effective policies and strategies to help prevent hospital closure.
Information transmission without energy exchange
Creators: name: Jonsson, Robert H.
name: Martin-Martinez, Eduardo
name: Kempf, Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to use a massless field in the vacuum to communicate in such a way that the signal travels arbitrarily slower than the speed of light and such that no energy is transmitted from the sender to the receiver. Instead, the receiver has to supply a signal-dependent amount of work to switch his detector on and off. Because of that, this kind of communication without energy exchange may be called "Quantum Collect Calling". This type of communication is related to Casimir-like interactions and it is made possible by dimension ---and curvature--- dependent subtleties of Huygens' principle.
description: Accepted in Physical Review Letters. RevTex 4.1, 5 pages, 2 figures. v3. Updated to match published version
title: What You See You Perceive: Public Opinions of Potential Negative Consequences and Support for Officer Body-Worn Cameras
Creators: name: Sanders, Jordyn
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Officer-body worn cameras (BWCs) are used in policing to provide visuals from the perspective of the officer during interactions with the community. BWCs are often promoted for the ability to improve the relationship between the community and police by providing accurate and transparent accounts of the interactions. Millions of dollars have been spent to distribute BWCs to police departments across the Unites States, with an estimated 80% of departments implementing the devices through various policies and procedures (White & Malm, 2020). Most studies on BWCs have provided empirical evidence showing the potential benefits of the devices in policing (Lum et al., 2019; White & Malm, 2020). Research on the public and officer perceptions of BWCs has mostly examined the influence of the potential benefits of the surveillance technology on the overall levels of support (Jennings, Fridell, & Lynch, 2014; Lum et al., 2019; Sousa, Miethe, & Sakiyama, 2015, 2017; Morin et al., 2017). The purpose of the study is to analyze public survey data to assess the influence that potential negative consequences of BWCs has on public support for the devices in policing. The sample consisted of 599 respondents from the United States during May 2015. Results indicate that while respondents generally support BWC on police, the potential negative consequences of the devices impact the level of support. The findings from the bivariate analysis revealed that respondents were less likely to support BWCs if they believed that the devices violate suspect’s privacy and reduce citizen cooperation. Results further indicate that respondents were more likely to support the use of BWCs in policing if they believed that the media should have access to recorded footage. Implications and additional findings are discussed in relation to theories of self-awareness and deterrence as well as existing literature.Keywords: officer body-worn cameras, perceptions, privacy, support, cooperation, access
Tight bonds between sterile neutrinos and dark matter
Creators: name: Bringmann, Torsten
name: Hasenkamp, Jasper
name: Kersten, Joern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the astonishing success of standard $Λ$CDM cosmology, there is mounting evidence for a tension with observations at small and intermediate scales. We introduce a simple model where both cold dark matter (DM) and sterile neutrinos are charged under a new $U(1)_X$ gauge interaction. The resulting DM self-interactions resolve the tension with the observed abundances and internal density structures of dwarf galaxies. At the ame time, the sterile neutrinos can account for both the small hot DM component favored by cosmological observations and the neutrino anomalies found in short-baseline experiments.
description: 13 pages; 3 figures. Minor changes to match published version
title: Awareness and Knowledge on Aging and HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Service User and Provider Perspectives in Southern Nevada
Creators: name: Ranuschio, Brandon
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) is a condition that can affect up to 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and present as a cluster of neurocognitive difficulties in domains such as attention, memory, concentration, language, information processing, decision-making, problem-solving, and even motor skills. The current study intended to identify awareness and knowledge of HAND among middle-aged and older PLWH and their healthcare or service providers in Southern Nevada. Using a Community-Based Participatory Research approach, participants from the community were recruited to complete a survey that assessed awareness and knowledge of HAND. The survey also assessed the personal experiences of PLWH related to neurocognitive difficulties, as well as the work experiences of healthcare and service providers related to their patients’ or clients’ neurocognitive issues. In this thesis, the findings, descriptive statistics, and discourse reveal the current levels of awareness of HAND in Southern Nevada, as well as examine the demographic variables that are associated with knowledge of HAND in the community. The lessons learned discussed in this thesis underscore the need to raise awareness and knowledge of HAND among relevant community stakeholders so that individuals, programs, and services can be better prepared to identify and address HAND as the need arises.
A new multisymplectic unified formalism for second-order classical field theories
Creators: name: Prieto-Martínez, Pedro D.
name: Román-Roy, Narciso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70H50, 70S05, 35G99, 53D42, 55R10

description: We present a new multisymplectic framework for second-order classical field theories which is based on an extension of the unified Lagrangian-Hamiltonian formalism to these kinds of systems. This model provides a straightforward and simple way to define the Poincaré-Cartan form and clarifies the construction of the Legendre map (univocally obtained as a consequence of the constraint algorithm). Likewise, it removes the undesirable arbitrariness in the solutions to the field equations, which are analyzed in-depth, and written in terms of holonomic sections and multivector fields. Our treatment therefore completes previous attempt to achieve this aim. The formulation is applied to describing some physical examples; in particular, to giving another alternative multisymplectic description of the Korteweg-de Vries equation.
description: 52 pp. Revision of our previous paper. Minor corrections on the statement of some results. A new example is added (Section 6.1). Conclusions and bibliography have been enlarged, and some comments on the higher-order case have been added
Pinpointing Feshbach Resonances and Testing Efimov Universalities in $^{39}$K
Creators: name: Etrych, Jiří
name: Martirosyan, Gevorg
name: Cao, Alec
name: Glidden, Jake A. P.
name: Dogra, Lena H.
name: Hutson, Jeremy M.
name: Hadzibabic, Zoran
name: Eigen, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a combination of bound-state spectroscopy and loss spectroscopy, we pinpoint eight intrastate Feshbach resonances in $^{39}$K, as well as six previously unexplored interstate ones. We also perform a detailed characterization of four of the intrastate resonances and two of the interstate ones. We carry out coupled-channel scattering calculations and find good agreement with experiment. The combination of experiment and theory provides a faithful map of the scattering length $a$ and permits precision measurements of the signatures of Efimov physics across four intermediate-strength resonances. We measure the modulation of the $a^4$ scaling of the three-body loss coefficient for both $a<0$ and $a>0$, as well as the many-body loss dynamics at unitarity (where $a$ diverges). The absolute positions of the observed Efimov features confirm a ubiquitous breakdown of Efimov--van-der-Waals universality in $^{39}$K, while their relative positions are in agreement with the universal Efimov ratios. The loss dynamics at the three broadest Feshbach resonances are universal within experimental uncertainties, consistent with observing little variation in the Efimov width parameters.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures (including appendices)
Turbulence and cooling in galaxy cluster cores
Creators: name: Banerjee, Nilanjan
name: Sharma, Prateek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay between turbulent heating, mixing, and radiative cooling in an idealized model of cool cluster cores. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets are expected to drive turbulence and heat cluster cores. Cooling of the intracluster medium (ICM) and stirring by AGN jets are tightly coupled in a feedback loop. We impose the feedback loop by balancing radiative cooling with turbulent heating. In addition to heating the plasma, turbulence also mixes it, suppressing the formation of cold gas at small scales. In this regard, the effect of turbulence is analogous to thermal conduction. For uniform plasma in thermal balance (turbulent heating balancing radiative cooling), cold gas condenses only if the cooling time is shorter than the mixing time. This condition requires the turbulent kinetic energy to be $\gtrsim$ the plasma internal energy; such high velocities in cool cores are ruled out by observations. The results with realistic magnetic fields and thermal conduction are qualitatively similar to the hydrodynamic simulations. Simulations where the runaway cooling of the cool core is prevented due to {\em mixing} with the hot ICM show cold gas even with subsonic turbulence, consistent with observations. Thus, turbulent mixing is the likely mechanism via which AGN jets heat cluster cores. The thermal instability growth rates observed in simulations with turbulence are consistent with the local thermal instability interpretation of cold gas in cluster cores.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures; replaced by the MNRAS-accepted version
title: Quantifying Road Bicycle Wheel Vibration
Creators: name: Petersen, Kyle
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Understanding factors that influence wheel vibration may have practical applications for cyclists and manufacturers. However, a reliable method to measure these vibrations and tools to interpret the data are needed. PURPOSE: To establish a methodology to measure vibration of the road bicycle wheel and to quantify measured vibrations resulting from changes velocity, tire pressure, and surface roughness. METHODS: A single participant cycled on stationary cycle rollers with different tire pressure, speed, and surface roughness conditions. An accelerometer was mounted to rim of the front wheel. Data were analyzed in the frequency domain following a Fourier Transformation. Data were reduced by calculating the sum power for each trial, Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), and Frequency at a Percent of Sum Power (FPSP). RESULTS: PAPR showed a clear distinction between the smooth and rough rollers. FPSP showed little change with pressure or speed for the smooth roller condition. For the rough roller condition, changes in speed showed an increase in FPSP at different percent of sum power levels around the 80-100Hz range. CONCLUSION: Data reduction and analysis techniques were successful at identifying changes in vibration between conditions.
title: Zur Erinnerung an Johannes Lutz, Pfarrer in St. Antönien und Krinau
title: geb. am 12. November 1864, gest. am 16. November 1928
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1928
Subjects: subject: 230 Christentum, christliche Theologie
subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Lutz, Johannes
subject: Sankt Antönien
subject: Krinau (Kanton Sankt Gallen)
subject: Männedorf

description: Enthält: Ansprache bei der Beerdigung zu Männedorf am 19. November 1928, gehalten von Herrn Pfarrer G. v. Schulthess; Ein Freundeswort bei der Beerdigung von Pfarrer Lutz, gehalten von Herrn Pfr. Leuthold, Bunnadern; Nachruf aus St. Antönien im Prättigau; Nachruf aus Krinau im Toggenburg
Electromagnetic surface waves on a conducting cylinder
Creators: name: Kotelnikov, I. A.
name: Stupakov, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study propagation of electromagnetic surface waves on a metal-air interface in the case when the wave frequency is below the plasma frequency. We derive a reduced wave equation for a metal cylinder with a given radius of curvature. Using the Leontovich boundary condition we find solutions to this equation which we classify as outgoing and incoming surface waves. We derive the dispersion relations of the surface waves of both types and argue that the earlier studies overlooked the waves of the second type although they are the only type which can propagate on a planar metal-air boundary.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
title: Source and Parental Melts of Poikilitic Shergottites: Implications for Martian Magmatism
Creators: name: O'neal, Evan
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Martian poikilitic shergottite meteorites are cumulate rocks that can be used to understand melt evolution on Mars from the bottom of the crust (~10 kbar) all the way up to near-surface shallow depths (~1 kbar). There is a general lack of knowledge regarding shergottites including, parental magma compositions, crystallization ages, and the location of the enriched geochemical source of the shergottites in the martian mantle. Through a comprehensive petrographic and geochemical study, we have attempted to better understand poikilitic shergottite formation and the evolution of the martian interior during the Amazonian period (~3 Ga – present day). We studied a comprehensive suite of poikilitic shergottites including Northwest Africa (NWA) 7755, NWA 11043, NWA 11065, NWA 10618 and Alan Hills (ALHA) 77005 using major, minor, and trace element compositions acquired through analyses of olivine hosted melt inclusions found within both the early-evolutional stage textural domain and late-evolution stage textural domain of the poikilitic shergottites, as well as crystallization age of NWA 7755. We accounted for diffusion and calculated accurate parental trapped liquid compositions from these melt inclusions, representative of the parental melt, using Petrolog3 and MELTS thermodynamic modeling software. Major elements reflected in our MI indicate magmatic evolution between the early and late textural stages linking them petrogenetically. Calculated parental melt compositions from these melt inclusion analyses yielded results that also petrogenetically links the poikilitic shergottites with other shergottite subgroups. Trace element ratios for the poikilitic shergottites in our sample suite were parallel to that of their bulk rock counterparts, suggesting they are sampling from a single source and the lack of scatter in trace element data suggests minimal post-emplacement processes. These parental melt compositions also displayed K-enrichment in the late-stage domain MI found in NWA 7755, NWA 10618, and NWA 11065, suggesting an exogenous K-rich component addition likely from k-rich material being introduced during magma ascent. The176Lu/177Hf versus 176Hf/177Hf 5-point isochron crystallization age of 223 ± 46 Ma yielded for NWA 7755 fits into the expected range for enriched shergottites of ~165 Ma to 225 Ma. Northwest Africa 7755 crystallization age, 176Lu/177Hf and 147Sm/144Nd source composition, being so similar to that of the other enriched shergottites suggests NWA 7755 likely shares a long-lived geochemical source with these samples that has lasted for at least 75 Ma or is derived from another geochemically enriched source. In addition, although isotopic composition shows that NWA 11043 might be intermediate, we cannot say for sure as we were not able to obtain a specific crystallization age. This is likely due to the effects of desert alteration and/or potentially source mixing in NWA 11043 making the sample extremely difficult to study isotopically.
Synthetic Fuzzballs: A Linear Ramp from Black Hole Normal Modes
Creators: name: Das, Suman
name: Krishnan, Chethan
name: Kumar, A. Preetham
name: Kundu, Arnab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a black hole with a stretched horizon as a toy model for a fuzzball microstate. The stretched horizon provides a cut-off, and therefore one can determine the normal (as opposed to quasi-normal) modes of a probe scalar in this geometry. For the BTZ black hole, we compute these as a function of the level $n$ and the angular quantum number $J$. Conventional level repulsion is absent in this system, and yet we find that the Spectral Form Factor (SFF) shows clear evidence for a dip-ramp-plateau structure with a linear ramp of slope $\sim 1$ on a log-log plot, with or without ensemble averaging. We show that this is a robust feature of stretched horizons by repeating our calculations on the Rindler wedge (times a compact space). We also observe that this is {\em not} a generic feature of integrable systems, as illustrated by standard examples like integrable billiards and random 2-site coupled SYK model, among others. The origins of the ramp can be traced to the hierarchically weaker dependence of the normal mode spectrum on the quantum numbers of the compact directions, and the resulting quasi-degeneracy. We conclude by noting an analogy between the 4-site coupled SYK model and the quartic coupling responsible for the non-linear instability of capped geometries. Based on this, we speculate that incorporating probe self-interactions will lead to stronger connections to random matrix behavior.
description: 36 pages, 20 figures. v2: typos fixed, JHEP version
Contribution of right-handed neutrinos and standard fermions to W and Z masses
Creators: name: Benes, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present expressions of the Pagels--Stokar type for the masses of the W and Z bosons in terms of the quark and lepton self-energies. By introducing a genuine new term in the gauge boson--fermion--anti-fermion vertex we manage to accomplish three main achievements: First, we show that the similar results existing in literature lead, in general, to a non-symmetric gauge boson mass matrix and we fix this flaw. Second, we consider the case of any number of fermion generations with general mixing. Third, we include in our analysis also an arbitrary number of right-handed neutrinos, together with the left-handed and right-handed neutrino Majorana masses (self-energies). On top of that, we give also a correction to the original Pagels--Stokar formula for the pion decay constant in QCD.
description: 6 pages, REVTeX 4.1, 1 eps figure; version published in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Entropy of Factorized Snapshot Data for Two-Dimensional Classical Spin Models
Creators: name: Matsueda, Hiroaki
name: Ozaki, Dai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine the snapshot entropy of the Ising and three-states Potts models on the LxL square lattice. Focusing on the factorization of the snapshot matrix, we find that the entropy at Tc scales asymptotically as S=(c/3)lnL consistent with the entanglement entropy in one-dimensional quantum critical systems. This nontrivial consistency strongly supports that the snapshot entropy after the factorization really represents the holographic entanglement entropy. On the other hand, the anomalous scaling for the coarse-grained snpshot entropy is retained even after the factorization. These fearures are considered to originate from the fact that the largest singular value of the snapshot matrix is regulated by the factorization.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
How to go Viral: Cheaply and Quickly
Creators: name: Cicalese, Ferdinando
name: Cordasco, Gennaro
name: Gargano, Luisa
name: Milanic, Martin
name: Peters, Joseph
name: Vaccaro, Ugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a social network represented by a graph $G$, we consider the problem of finding a bounded cardinality set of nodes $S$ with the property that the influence spreading from $S$ in $G$ is as large as possible. The dynamics that govern the spread of influence is the following: initially only elements in $S$ are influenced; subsequently at each round, the set of influenced elements is augmented by all nodes in the network that have a sufficiently large number of already influenced neighbors. While it is known that the general problem is hard to solve --- even in the approximate sense --- we present exact polynomial time algorithms for trees, paths, cycles, and complete graphs.
description: An extended abstract of this paper will appear in Proceedings of Seventh International conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2014), Lectures Notes in Computer Science, Springer
Impacts of the direct URCA and Superfluidity inside a Neutron Star on Type-I X-Ray Bursts and X-Ray Superbursts
Creators: name: Dohi, Akira
name: Nishimura, Nobuya
name: Sotani, Hajime
name: Noda, Tsuneo
name: Liu, Helei
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
name: Hashimoto, Masa-aki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impacts of neutrino cooling mechanism inside the neutron star (NS) core on the light curves of type-I X-ray bursts and X-ray superbursts. From several observations of NS thermal evolution, physical processes of fast neutrino cooling, such as the direct Urca (DU) process, are indicated. They significantly decrease the surface temperature of NSs, though the cooling effect could be suppressed by nucleon superfluidity. In the present study, focusing on the DU process and nucleon superfluidity, we investigate the effects of NS cooling on the X-ray bursts using a general-relativistic stellar-evolution code. We find that the DU process leads find the longer recurrence time and the higher peak luminosity, which could be obstructed by the neutrons superfluidity. We also apply our burst models to the comparison with {\it Clocked burster} GS 1826$-$24, and to the recurrence time of superburst triggered by carbon ignition. These effects are significant within a certain range of binary parameters and uncertainty of the NS equation of state.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 3 Tables
Phase topology of one system with separated variables and singularities of the symplectic structure
Creators: name: Kharlamov, Mikhail P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70E17, 70G40

description: We consider an example of a system with two degrees of freedom admitting separation of variables but having a subset of codimension 1 on which the 2-form defining the symplectic structure degenerates. We show how to use separation of variables to calculate the exact topological invariant of non-degenerate singularities and singularities appearing due to the symplectic structure degeneration. New types of non-orientable 3-atoms are found.
description: Corrected according to the version accepted in J. of Geometry and Physics, On-line July 2014, LaTex, 23 pp., 17 figures, 6 tables
Photonic spatial reformatting of stellar light for diffraction-limited spectroscopy
Creators: name: Harris, Robert J.
name: MacLachlan, David G.
name: Choudhury, Debaditya
name: Morris, Tim J.
name: Gendron, Eric
name: Basden, Alastair G.
name: Brown, Graeme
name: Allington-Smith, Jeremy R.
name: Thomson, Robert R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral resolution of a dispersive spectrograph is dependent on the width of the entrance slit. This means that astronomical spectrographs trade-off throughput with spectral resolving power. Recently, optical guided-wave transitions known as photonic lanterns have been proposed to circumvent this trade-off, by enabling the efficient reformatting of multimode light into a pseudo-slit which is highly multimode in one axis, but diffraction-limited in the other. Here, we demonstrate the successful reformatting of a telescope point spread function into such a slit using a three-dimensional integrated optical waveguide device, which we name the photonic dicer. Using the CANARY adaptive optics demonstrator on the William Herschel Telescope, and light centred at 1530 nm with a 160 nm FWHM, the device shows a transmission of between 10 and 20\% depending upon the type of AO correction applied. Most of the loss is due to the overfilling of the input aperture in poor and moderate seeing. Taking this into account, the photonic device itself has a transmission of 57 $\pm$ 4\%.We show how a fully-optimised device can be used with AO to provide efficient spectroscopy at high spectral resolution.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
On the Complexity of A/B Testing
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Emilie
name: Cappé, Olivier
name: Garivier, Aurélien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A/B testing refers to the task of determining the best option among two alternatives that yield random outcomes. We provide distribution-dependent lower bounds for the performance of A/B testing that improve over the results currently available both in the fixed-confidence (or delta-PAC) and fixed-budget settings. When the distribution of the outcomes are Gaussian, we prove that the complexity of the fixed-confidence and fixed-budget settings are equivalent, and that uniform sampling of both alternatives is optimal only in the case of equal variances. In the common variance case, we also provide a stopping rule that terminates faster than existing fixed-confidence algorithms. In the case of Bernoulli distributions, we show that the complexity of fixed-budget setting is smaller than that of fixed-confidence setting and that uniform sampling of both alternatives -though not optimal- is advisable in practice when combined with an appropriate stopping criterion.
Transparallel mind: Classical computing with quantum power
Creators: name: van der Helm, Peter A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.0; D.1.3; F.2.2

description: Inspired by the extraordinary computing power promised by quantum computers, the quantum mind hypothesis postulated that quantum mechanical phenomena are the source of neuronal synchronization, which, in turn, might underlie consciousness. Here, I present an alternative inspired by a classical computing method with quantum power. This method relies on special distributed representations called hyperstrings. Hyperstrings are superpositions of up to an exponential number of strings, which -- by a single-processor classical computer -- can be evaluated in a transparallel fashion, that is, simultaneously as if only one string were concerned. Building on a neurally plausible model of human visual perceptual organization, in which hyperstrings are formal counterparts of transient neural assemblies, I postulate that synchronization in such assemblies is a manifestation of transparallel information processing. This accounts for the high combinatorial capacity and speed of human visual perceptual organization and strengthens ideas that self-organizing cognitive architecture bridges the gap between neurons and consciousness.
description: 38 pages (incl. Appendix with proofs), 10 figures, Supplementary Material (incl. algorithm) available at http://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0084530/doc/pisa.html. Minor revision: added 2 figures, 7 references, and a few clarifications
Bayesian Design of Tandem Networks for Distributed Detection With Multi-bit Sensor Decisions
Creators: name: Tarighati, Alla
name: Jalden, Joakim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of decentralized hypothesis testing under communication constraints in a topology where several peripheral nodes are arranged in tandem. Each node receives an observation and transmits a message to its successor, and the last node then decides which hypothesis is true. We assume that the observations at different nodes are, conditioned on the true hypothesis, independent and the channel between any two successive nodes is considered error-free but rate-constrained. We propose a cyclic numerical design algorithm for the design of nodes using a person-by-person methodology with the minimum expected error probability as a design criterion, where the number of communicated messages is not necessarily equal to the number of hypotheses. The number of peripheral nodes in the proposed method is in principle arbitrary and the information rate constraints are satisfied by quantizing the input of each node. The performance of the proposed method for different information rate constraints, in a binary hypothesis test, is compared to the optimum rate-one solution due to Swaszek and a method proposed by Cover, and it is shown numerically that increasing the channel rate can significantly enhance the performance of the tandem network. Simulation results for $M$-ary hypothesis tests also show that by increasing the channel rates the performance of the tandem network significantly improves.
Some results on the structure and spectra of matrix-products
Creators: name: Banaji, Murad
name: Rutherford, Carrie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50, 05C22, 15A18, 15B35

description: We consider certain matrix-products where successive matrices in the product belong alternately to a particular qualitative class or its transpose. The main theorems relate structural and spectral properties of these matrix-products to the structure of underlying bipartite graphs. One consequence is a characterisation of caterpillars: a graph is a caterpillar if and only if all matrix-products associated with it have real nonnegative spectrum. Several other equivalences of this kind are proved. The work is inspired by certain questions in dynamical systems where such products arise naturally as Jacobian matrices, and the results have implications for the existence and stability of equilibria in these systems.
Miscibility gap of hydrogen-helium mixtures at high pressures and temperatures
Creators: name: Schöttler, Manuel
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 500 Natural sciences
subject: 530 Physics

description: In this work, the miscibility gap of hydrogen-helium mixtures is calculated under conditions relevant for the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. Density functional theory coupled to classical molecular dynamics simulations is used to obtain the equations of state for 29 helium concentrations. The entropy is calculated using a combination of thermodynamic integration of the equation of state and coupling-constant integration. New planetary profiles for Jupiter and Saturn are derived giving strong indications that there is demixing in Saturn but possibly not in Jupiter.