cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Historical and Modern Catalysts of the HK Refugee Dilemma
Creators: name: Zhang, John Zekun
Publisher: name: Eliwise Academy
Year: 2023

description:
To explain the causes of local anti-refugee sentiment propagated throughout local Hong Kong, this article delves into historical deadlocks notably the cultural revolution and influx of Vietnamese boat people that led the citys attitudes to transition from relatively lax policies into strict regulations and negative media portrayal still present today. Yet, the present-day Hong Kong protests are brought into context to explain the slight generational gap in refugee sentiment. Finally, the Hong Kong refugee dilemma is brought into context compared with similar deadlocks in Norway and Germany to suggest an optimal mode of action moving forward.
On the inflationary flow equations
Creators: name: Liddle, Andrew R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I explore properties of the inflationary flow equations. I show that the flow equations do not correspond directly to inflationary dynamics. Nevertheless, they can be used as a rather complicated algorithm for generating inflationary models. I demonstrate that the flow equations can be solved analytically and give a closed form solution for the potentials to which flow equation solutions correspond. I end by considering some simpler algorithms for generating stochastic sets of slow-roll inflationary models for confrontation with observational data.
description: 4 pages RevTeX4 file. Corrected typos in Eqs 11 and 13. Supersedes journal version
Linear mapping between magnetic susceptibility and entanglement in conventional and exotic one-dimensional superfluids
Creators: name: Arisa, D.
name: França, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the mapping between magnetic susceptibility and entanglement in the metallic, insulating, conventional and exotic polarized superfluid phases of one-dimensional fermionic lattice systems as described by the Hubbard model. Motivated by recent proposals for determining and quantifying entanglement via magnetic susceptibility measurements, we numerically study the intrinsic relationship between the two quantities at zero temperature. We find signatures of the metal-insulator transition and of the BCS-BEC crossover, but the most relevant result is that for conventional and exotic superfluids the mapping between magnetic susceptibility and entanglement is surprisingly simple: inversely proportional. This linear behavior could be exploited to quantify entanglement in current cold-atoms and condensed-matter experiments.
description: universality analysis was added; accepted to Phys. Rev. B
Metagenomic analysis of Mesolithic chewed pitch reveals poor Stone Age oral health
Creators: name: Kırdök, Emrah
name: Kashuba, Natalija
name: Damlien, Hege
name: Manninen, A. Mikael
name: Nordqvist, Bengt
name: Kjellström, Anna
name: Jakobson, Mattias
name: Lindberg, A. Michael
name: Stora, Jan
name: Persson, Per
name: Andersson, Björn
name: Aravena, Andres
name: Götherström, Anders
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Oral health in historical populations has mostly been studied using morphological traits in teeth and jaw bone. However, DNA sequences from teeth, dental plaque, and chewed pitch provide hitherto inaccessible information on oral health via the composition of microorganism sequences. Here we present the metagenomic analysis of three chewed pitch pieces from Huseby Klev in Sweden that were dated to around 9890-9540 before present.
description: This version is for review process and will be updated after publication.
Tariff and U.S. Paper Products Trade
Creators: name: Zhang, Daowei
name: Nguyen, Ly
name: Zhang, Daowei
name: Nguyen, Ly
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Paper and paperboard, tariff, exchange rate, gravity model, panel data, trade

description: In this paper we use the gravity model to study the effects of tariff on U.S. exports and imports of paper products that include paper, paperboard, and wood pulp. The results show that an increase in tariff would have a small, significant, and asymmetric impact on U.S. exports and imports of paper products. Furthermore, exchange rate, economic size of the U.S. and its trade partners, and U.S. internet use rate are found to be significant factors influencing U.S. paper products trade. These results show that the U.S. has some leverage in promoting free trade in paper products.
Production, Supply, and Traffic Systems: A Unified Description
Creators: name: Helbing, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport of products between different suppliers or production units can be described similarly to driven many-particle and traffic systems. We introduce equations for the flow of goods in supply networks and the adaptation of production speeds. Moreover, we present two examples: The case of linear (sequential) supply chains and the case of re-entrant production. In particular, we discuss the stability conditions, dynamic solutions, and resonance phenomena causing the frequently observed "bullwhip effect", which is an analogue of stop-and-go traffic. Finally, we show how to treat discrete units and cycle times, which can be applied to the description of vehicle queues and travel times in freeway networks.
description: For related work see http://www.helbing.org
Additional file 4 of Oral administration of TiO2 nanoparticles during early life impacts cardiac and neurobehavioral performance and metabolite profile in an age- and sex-related manner
Creators: name: Mortensen, Ninell P.
name: Pathmasiri, Wimal
name: Snyder, Rodney W.
name: Caffaro, Maria Moreno
name: Watson, Scott L.
name: Patel, Purvi R.
name: Beeravalli, Lakshmi
name: Prattipati, Sharmista
name: Aravamudhan, Shyam
name: Sumner, Susan J.
name: Fennell, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. Metabolites in plasma collected from male pups (n = 14–15) with significant P-value ≤ 0.05 and/or VIP > 1.0 with an S.E. less than mean. Metabolites with a P-value ≤ 0.1 are also shown.
Stochastic discrete time crystals: Entropy production and subharmonic synchronization
Creators: name: Oberreiter, Lukas
name: Seifert, Udo
name: Barato, Andre C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrete time crystals are periodically driven systems that display spontaneous symmetry breaking of time translation invariance in the form of indefinite subharmonic oscillations. We introduce a thermodynamically consistent model for a discrete time crystal and analyze it using the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. In particular, we evaluate the rate of energy dissipation of this many body system of interacting noisy subharmonic oscillators in contact with a heat bath. Our model displays the novel phenomena of subharmonic synchronization, which corresponds to collective subharmonic oscillations of the individual units.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The WSSUS Pulse Design Problem in Multicarrier Transmission
Creators: name: Jung, Peter
name: Wunder, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimal link adaption to the scattering function of wide sense stationary uncorrelated mobile communication channels is still an unsolved problem despite its importance for next-generation system design. In multicarrier transmission such link adaption is performed by pulse shaping, i.e. by properly adjusting the transmit and receive filters. For example pulse shaped Offset--QAM systems have been recently shown to have superior performance over standard cyclic prefix OFDM (while operating at higher spectral efficiency).In this paper we establish a general mathematical framework for joint transmitter and receiver pulse shape optimization for so-called Weyl--Heisenberg or Gabor signaling with respect to the scattering function of the WSSUS channel. In our framework the pulse shape optimization problem is translated to an optimization problem over trace class operators which in turn is related to fidelity optimization in quantum information processing. By convexity relaxation the problem is shown to be equivalent to a \emph{convex constraint quasi-convex maximization problem} thereby revealing the non-convex nature of the overall WSSUS pulse design problem. We present several iterative algorithms for optimization providing applicable results even for large--scale problem constellations. We show that with transmitter-side knowledge of the channel statistics a gain of $3 - 6$dB in $\SINR$ can be expected.
description: 24 pages (onecolumn,draft), 4 figures, accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Communications
Embedded Strategies for the Sustainability Transition - Setting Priorities and Goals Aligned with Systems Resilience
Creators: name: Bertels, Stephanie
name: Dobson, Rylan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150199 Accounting, Auditing and Accountability not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: 150303 Corporate Governance and Stakeholder Engagement
subject: 150312 Organisational Planning and Management
subject: 150106 Sustainability Accounting and Reporting

description: It is time for companies to take a very different approach to corporate strategy. Our Embedded Strategies guide helps companies respond to the growing calls for businesses to articulate their purpose and their strategy in alignment with the need to shift the global economy towards the reduction of inequality, a rapid climate transition, the preservation of biodiversity, and the elimination of waste. This guide will help you to develop a contextual strategy and goals that ensure your company is doing its part to maintain the resilience of key social and environmental systems. Building on our Road to Context guide with insights from 300+ interviews with senior executives, CEOs, board chairs, and directors and our experiences supporting companies around the world, it outlines resources and tactics that help your company to scan for emerging issues and risks; understand their implications for your business; understand your impacts and your potential for positive influence; prioritise where it makes sense to direct your efforts; and set your strategy and goals in alignment with delivering systems value.
Higher-order topological superconductors in ${\mathcal P}$-, ${\mathcal T}$-odd quadrupolar Dirac materials
Creators: name: Roy, Bitan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence or absence of certain symmetries in the normal state (NS) also determines the symmetry of the Cooper pairs. Here we show that parity (${\mathcal P}$) and time-reversal (${\mathcal T}$) odd Dirac insulators (trivial or topological) or metals, sustain a local or intra-unit cell pairing that supports corner (in $d=2$) or hinge (in $d=3$) modes of Majorana fermions and stands as a higher-order topological superconductor (HOTSC), when the NS additionally breaks discrete four-fold ($C_4$) symmetry. Although these outcomes does not rely on the existence of a Fermi surface, around it (when the system is doped) the HOTSC takes the form of a mixed parity, ${\mathcal T}$-odd (due to the lack of ${\mathcal P}$ and ${\mathcal T}$ in the NS, respectively) $p+id$ pairing, where the $p$($d$)-wave component stems from the Dirac nature of quasiparticles (lack of $C_4$ symmetry) in the NS. Thus, when strained, magnetically ordered Dirac materials, such as doped magnetic topological insulators (MnBi$_2$Te$_4$), can harbor HOTSCs, while the absence of an external strain should be conducive for the axionic $p+is$ pairing.
description: 5 Pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables: Published version
Metagenomic analysis of Mesolithic chewed pitch reveals poor Stone Age oral health
Creators: name: Kırdök, Emrah
name: Kashuba, Natalija
name: Damlien, Hege
name: Manninen, A. Mikael
name: Nordqvist, Bengt
name: Kjellström, Anna
name: Jakobson, Mattias
name: Lindberg, A. Michael
name: Stora, Jan
name: Persson, Per
name: Andersson, Björn
name: Aravena, Andres
name: Götherström, Anders
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Prehistoric chewed pitch has proven to be a useful source of ancient DNA, both from humans and their microbiomes. Here we present the metagenomic analysis of three pieces of chewed pitch from Huseby Klev, Sweden, that were dated to 9,890-9,540 before present. The microbial profile exposes a Mesolithic oral microbiome that include oral and systemic pathogens. We compared the data with healthy and dysbiotic microbiome datasets and we identified periodontitis-associated microbes, along with infective endocarditis causing bacteria. In addition, trained machine learning models predicted dysbiosis with 70-80% probability. Moreover, we identified DNA sequences from eukaryotic species such as red fox, hazelnut, red deer and apple. Our results indicate a case of poor oral health during the Scandinavian Mesolithic, and show that pitch pieces have the potential to provide information on material use, diet and oral health.
description: This version is for review process and will be updated after publication.
Measurement of the radiation field surrounding the Collider Detector at Fermilab
Creators: name: Kordas, Kostas
name: D'Auria, Saverio
name: Hocker, Andy
name: McGimpsey, Susan
name: Nicolas, Ludovic
name: Tesarek, Richard J.
name: Worm, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here the first direct and detailed measurements of the spatial distribution of the ionizing radiation surrounding a hadron collider experiment. Using data from two different exposures we measure the effect of additional shielding on the radiation field around the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). Employing a simple model we parameterize the ionizing radiation field surrounding the detector.
description: PDF document, 5 pages, including 10 encapsulated postscript figures: Proceedings for the IEEE/NSS-MIC 2003 Conference, Portland, Oregon, October 19-25, 2003
a-pathway-to-alzheimers-disease.pdf
Creators: name: Allen, Herbert
name: Allawh, Rina
name: Goyal, Kavita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Alaheimer's disease is a chronic infection created by spirochetes that make biofilms that create the disease.
Diagnosed Depression, Forced Femininity : Neurasthenia in the Portraiture of Thomas Eakins and Thomas Dewing
Creators: name: Polo, Adriana Lema
name: Langa, Helen
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3601
subject: Art history, theory and criticism

description: Description to be added
Measured noise levels of Dyson Airblade™ hand dryers in UBC Vancouver-campus washrooms
Creators: name: Daltrop, Shira
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: There has been a recent study which discusses the sustainability of using paper towels as opposed to hand dryers in washrooms on the UBC Vancouver campus. Dyson Airblade™ hand dryers were found to be the most effective method of hand drying; however, they are known to be quite loud. In this study, noise levels from the Dyson Airblade™ hand dryers were measured in three different washrooms on the UBC Vancouver campus. The measured noise levels were compared with noise levels from several typical hair dryers. It was found that the total A-weighted sound levels were similar for both devices, with levels of approximately 84 dBA. Noise levels were also measured in the occupied hallway outside of one washroom while a Dyson Airblade™ hand dryer was in use and not in use; the dryer increased hallway noise levels by 5 dBA. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Development of accurate human head models for personalized electromagnetic dosimetry using deep learning
Creators: name: Rashed, Essam A.
name: Gomez-Tames, Jose
name: Hirata, Akimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The development of personalized human head models from medical images has become an important topic in the electromagnetic dosimetry field, including the optimization of electrostimulation, safety assessments, etc. Human head models are commonly generated via the segmentation of magnetic resonance images into different anatomical tissues. This process is time consuming and requires special experience for segmenting a relatively large number of tissues. Thus, it is challenging to accurately compute the electric field in different specific brain regions. Recently, deep learning has been applied for the segmentation of the human brain. However, most studies have focused on the segmentation of brain tissue only and little attention has been paid to other tissues, which are considerably important for electromagnetic dosimetry. In this study, we propose a new architecture for a convolutional neural network, named ForkNet, to perform the segmentation of whole human head structures, which is essential for evaluating the electrical field distribution in the brain. The proposed network can be used to generate personalized head models and applied for the evaluation of the electric field in the brain during transcranial magnetic stimulation. Our computational results indicate that the head models generated using the proposed network exhibit strong matching with those created via manual segmentation in an intra-scanner segmentation task.
alzheimers-disease-possible-mechanisms-for-worsening-ofthe-disease.pdf
Creators: name: Allen, Herbert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: compounds that make biofilms or break biofilms result in more biofilms and more disease; these compounds are included,
Unusual gauged supergravities from type IIA and type IIB orientifolds
Creators: name: Angelantonj, Carlo
name: Ferrara, Sergio
name: Trigiante, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse different N=4 supergravities coupled to six vector multiplets corresponding to low-energy descriptions of the bulk sector of T6/Z2 orientifolds with p-brane in IIB (p odd) and in IIA (p even) superstrings. When fluxes are turned on, a gauging emerges corresponding to some non-semisimple Lie algebra related to nilpotent algebras N_p inside so(6,6), with dimension 15 + (p-3)(9-p). The non-metric axions have Stueckelberg couplings that induce a spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetries. In four cases the gauge algebra is non-abelian with a non-commutative structure of the compactification torus, due to fluxes of NS-NS and R-R forms.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX
Additional file 5 of Oral administration of TiO2 nanoparticles during early life impacts cardiac and neurobehavioral performance and metabolite profile in an age- and sex-related manner
Creators: name: Mortensen, Ninell P.
name: Pathmasiri, Wimal
name: Snyder, Rodney W.
name: Caffaro, Maria Moreno
name: Watson, Scott L.
name: Patel, Purvi R.
name: Beeravalli, Lakshmi
name: Prattipati, Sharmista
name: Aravamudhan, Shyam
name: Sumner, Susan J.
name: Fennell, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 5: Table S3. Metabolites in plasma collected from female pups (n = 14–15) with significant P-value ≤ 0.05 and/or VIP > 1.0 with an S.E. less than mean. Metabolites with a P-value ≤ 0.1 are also shown.
ECONOMIC BONDING AND AUDIT QUALITY
Creators: name: Agbo, Innocent Sunny  (Ph.D)
name: Emovon, Felix Osayabor
name: Onogholo, Anslem Obigho
Publisher: name: SADI journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Economic Bonding
Audit Quality
Abnormal Audit Fees
Auditor Independence and Normal Audit Fees.

description: The purpose of this paper is to assess Economic Bonding and Audit Quality. Economic bonding happens when clients overpay auditors in exchange for granting managers financial reporting discretion. Following a string of significant accounting scandals involving Enron, Worldcom, and other companies, as well as the catastrophe of Arthur Anderson, a former Big Five audit firm, auditor independence and audit quality have come under intense scrutiny. It is imperative for regulators and investors to comprehend the circumstances and reasons behind auditors' potential compromise of independence and quality. The objective of this paper is to evaluate economic bonding and audit quality. The methodology adopted for this study is library approach which focuses on content review of extant literature on economic bonding and audit quality. We came to the conclusion that the economic bonding perspective, which sees unusually large audit fees as bribes or economic rents that the auditor receives, is correct. Therefore, an abnormally large fraction of audit fees above standard audit fee levels incentivize auditors to compromise their impartiality. Conversely, the "audit effort view" forms the foundation of the opposite theory. In order to preserve their reputation or stop auditors from raising audit risk in order to benefit management, higher audit fees are indicative of longer working hours and improved audit standards. The study suggested that management of publicly traded companies should use one of the larger audit firms; if this isn't feasible, management should choose an audit firm whose morality and ethics are unquestionable.
title: High Frequency Modelling of Powerline Distribution Networks.
Creators: name: Dickinson, John
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1997

description: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the available bandwidth for communications on electricity distribution networks. The work is concentrated on the low voltage parts of the network to maximise the use of that bandwidth and to model parts of the distribution system in order that the characteristics can be theoretically examined before practical on site investigation takes place.

The work begins by looking at the history of the subject, past and currently available systems, their methods of operation and their limitations.

The work continues by developing transmission line equations and transmission line parameters, for both single and multi phase, showing the implementation of these equations for power cables and distribution networks.

A comprehensive study of the topology and structure of the UK electricity distribution network is given in order to provide an understanding of the basic network elements which are interconnected to form a pervasive nationwide electricity transmission and distribution network.

Software listings are included in the appendices and an explanation of the mathematics and programming is included in chapters 3 and 7.

The initial investigations showed that low voltage distribution networks were noisy and that the noise levels, varied with time. These initial investigations also showed that power levels in the order of milliwatts would allow communications during low noise periods. This led to the development of the mains filter to prevent noise from customers' premises from entering the network. Fitting of these filters fixed the noise levels on the network and allowed the low power signals to be used.

After the filters are fitted to a network the parameters affecting the characteristics of that network are much simplified and fixed, providing no physical alterations take place. Because of this "fixing of the response" a computer analysis was thought to be an option that would allow the characteristics of any network to be calculated prior to practical installation. This has been done and the results are given in this thesis.
Mapping the near-field spin angular momenta in the structured surface plasmon polaritons field
Creators: name: Li, Congcong
name: Shi, Peng
name: Du, Luping
name: Yuan, Xiaocong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical spin angular momenta in a confined electromagnetic field exhibit remarkable difference with their free space counterparts, in particular, the optical transverse spin that is locked with the energy propagating direction lays the foundation for many intriguing physical effects such as unidirectional transportation, quantum spin Hall effect, photonic Skyrmion, etc. In order to investigate the underlying physics behind the spin-orbit interactions as well as to develop the optical spin-based applications, it is crucial to uncover the spin texture in a confined field, yet it faces challenge due to their chiral and near-field vectorial features. Here, we propose a scanning imaging technique which can map the near-field distributions of the optical spin angular momenta with an achiral dielectric nanosphere. The spin angular momentum component normal to the interface can be uncovered experimentally by employing the proposed scanning imaging technique and the three-dimensional spin vector can be reconstructed theoretically with the experimental results. The experiment is demonstrated on the example of surface plasmon polaritons excited by various vector vortex beams under a tight-focusing configuration, where the spin-orbit interaction emerges clearly. The proposed method, which can be utilized to reconstruct the photonic Skyrmion and other photonic topological structures, is straightforward and of high precision, and hence it is expected to be valuable for the study of near-field spin optics and topological photonics.
Optimally estimating the sample standard deviation from the five-number summary
Creators: name: Shi, Jiandong
name: Luo, Dehui
name: Weng, Hong
name: Zeng, Xian-Tao
name: Lin, Lu
name: Chu, Haitao
name: Tong, Tiejun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When reporting the results of clinical studies, some researchers may choose the five-number summary (including the sample median, the first and third quartiles, and the minimum and maximum values) rather than the sample mean and standard deviation, particularly for skewed data. For these studies, when included in a meta-analysis, it is often desired to convert the five-number summary back to the sample mean and standard deviation. For this purpose, several methods have been proposed in the recent literature and they are increasingly used nowadays. In this paper, we propose to further advance the literature by developing a smoothly weighted estimator for the sample standard deviation that fully utilizes the sample size information. For ease of implementation, we also derive an approximation formula for the optimal weight, as well as a shortcut formula for the sample standard deviation. Numerical results show that our new estimator provides a more accurate estimate for normal data and also performs favorably for non-normal data. Together with the optimal sample mean estimator in Luo et al., our new methods have dramatically improved the existing methods for data transformation, and they are capable to serve as "rules of thumb" in meta-analysis for studies reported with the five-number summary. Finally for practical use, an Excel spreadsheet and an online calculator are also provided for implementing our optimal estimators.
description: 30 pages and 4 figures and 2 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1801.01267
Average speed and its powers $v^n$ of a heavy quark in quarkonia
Creators: name: Wang, Guo-Li
name: Feng, Tai-Fu
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The typical velocity of a heavy quark in a quarkonium is a widely used quantity, in this paper, based on the relativistic Bethe-Salpeter equation method, we calculate the average values ${\overline{|\boldsymbol{q}|^n}}$ and $ \overline{|\boldsymbol{v}|^n}\equiv v^n$ of a heavy quark in a $S$ wave or $P$ wave quarkonium rest frame, where $\boldsymbol{q}$ and $\boldsymbol{v}$ are the three dimensional momentum and velocity, $n=1,2,3,4$. For a charm quark in $J/ψ$, we obtained $v_{J/ψ}=0.46$, $v^2_{J/ψ}=0.26$, $v^3_{J/ψ}=0.18$, and $v^4_{J/ψ}=0.14$, for a bottom quark in $Υ(1S)$, $v_{Υ(1S)}=0.24$, $v^2_{Υ(1S)}=0.072$, $v^3_{Υ(1S)}=0.025$, and $v^4_{Υ(1S)}=0.010$. The values indicate that ${v^n} >{v^{n_1}}\cdot{v^{n_2}}$, where $n_1+n_2=n$, which is correct for all the charmonia and bottomonia. Our results also show the poor convergence if we make the {speed} expansion in charmonium system, but good for bottomonium. Based on the $v^n$ values and the following obtained relations $v^n_{4S} > v^n_{3S}> v^n_{2S}>v^n_{1S}$, $v^n_{4P} > v^n_{3P}> v^n_{2P}>v^n_{1P}$ and $v^n_{mP}>v^n_{mS}$ ($n,m=1,2,3,4$), we conclude that highly excited quarkonia have larger relativistic corrections than those of the corresponding low excited and ground states, and there are large relativistic corrections in charmonium system.
description: 13 pages, 4 tables
Additional file 6 of Oral administration of TiO2 nanoparticles during early life impacts cardiac and neurobehavioral performance and metabolite profile in an age- and sex-related manner
Creators: name: Mortensen, Ninell P.
name: Pathmasiri, Wimal
name: Snyder, Rodney W.
name: Caffaro, Maria Moreno
name: Watson, Scott L.
name: Patel, Purvi R.
name: Beeravalli, Lakshmi
name: Prattipati, Sharmista
name: Aravamudhan, Shyam
name: Sumner, Susan J.
name: Fennell, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 6: Table S4. Chemical formulation of digestion of in vitro rat gastrointestinal solutions tested in this study and time (h) of digestions.
`Spin-Spin' Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems with Spin-Orbit Interaction
Creators: name: Sensharma, Ankur
name: Mandal, Sudhansu S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate spin Hall conductivities in the two dimensional electron systems with Rashba spin-orbit interaction. The salient feature is that, apart from the usual spin-Hall conductivity σ^z_{xy} which corresponds to the induction of out-of-plane spin-current due to the application of transverse charge current, there is a novel spin-Hall conductivity σ^\perp_{xy} which arises due to the induction of transverse spin-polarized current in the transverse direction by the application of in-plane spin-polarized current. This phenomenon which we call as `spin-spin' Hall effect is a spin analog of conventional Hall effect, but with no magnetic field. This contribution may be understood through the spin-diffusive equation.
description: 9 pages; converted into a detailed paper; accepted in J. Phys.: Condensed Matter
Illumina high-throughput sequencing of the brains of mice inoculated with Hy. asiaticum ticks in Wujiaqu, Xinjiang in 2016
Creators: name: 白源(Yuan Bai)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Other
The brain tissues of tick-inoculated mice
Sequencing of pathogens carried in brain tissue of tick-inoculated mice

description: Illumina high-throughput sequencing of the brains of mice inoculated with Hy. asiaticum ticks in Wujiaqu, Xinjiang in 2016
Perturbative quantum gauge invariance: Where the ghosts come from
Creators: name: Aste, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A condensed introduction to quantum gauge theories is given in the perturbative S-matrix framework; path integral methods are used nowhere. This approach emphasizes the fact that it is not necessary to start from classical gauge theories which are then subject to quantization, but it is also possible to recover the classical group structure and coupling properties from purely quantum mechanical principles. As a main tool we use a free field version of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin gauge transformation, which contains no interaction terms related to a coupling constant. This free gauge transformation can be formulated in an analogous way for quantum electrodynamics, Yang-Mills theories with massless or massive gauge bosons and quantum gravity.
description: 28 pages, LATEX. Some typos corrected, version to be published
Waste behaviour in UBC Food Services residence dining halls
Creators: name: Cheng, Brian
name: Cheuk, Joanna
name: Lau, Stephanie
name: Liu, Shudan
name: Ngan, Angel
name: Uy, Janille
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The purpose of this project was to assess how waste is produced and managed at UBC residential dining halls at Place Vanier and Totem Park residences and to provide feedback and recommendations as to how existing waste behaviour practices can be further improved. We developed and addressed the following research question: “What is the current waste management system in the two residential dining halls and how can we improve waste behaviour to reduce total waste produced from these sites”. We surveyed the dining halls and kitchens of these residential areas and assessed the levels of waste production, disposal and sorting activities of pre- and post-consumers at these sites. We also conducted literature reviews and consulted with professionals and waste management experts to obtain more information about how waste are managed at different areas. Pre and post-consumer waste sorting can be optimized through the use of 3-bin system, which is effective in dining halls but contamination must be reduced. Hard plastic are being sold off for charity and soft plastic are being recycled. Space for bin recycling is a limitation for the kitchen area; recycling efforts are made harder due to proximity of recycling stations. Increase usage and Eco-to-go program is a critical factor in waste reduction. Funding of the composting vessel is generated by UBC. Government funding of waste disposal has caused lack of awareness in waste sorting. Current campus waste diversion is at 44%, but a maximal value of 95% can be achieved. This can be achieved through right education, advertisements and incentives. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
MSI-H CRC新抗原机制研究
Creators: name: 候浩(Hou Hao)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Exome
Multiisolate
Medical

description: 微卫星高度不稳定(MSI-H)结直肠癌预后及对免疫治疗反应差异大，其内在机制仍未揭示。本研究有望首次确立不同亚型MSI-H结直肠癌的最优的新生抗原肽组合；建立新型抗原肽MSI-H结直肠癌靶向疫苗，并阐明新抗原肽调节MSI-H结直肠癌肿瘤免疫微环境的分子机制。
Income Inequality Trends in sub-Saharan Africa Divergence, Determinants and Consequences: Introduction, Motivation and Overview
Creators: name: CORNIA, GIOVANNI ANDREA
name: ODUSOLA, AYODELE
name: BHORAT, HAROON
name: CONCEIÇÃO, PEDRO
name: CORNIA, GIOVANNI ANDREA
name: ODUSOLA, AYODELE
name: BHORAT, HAROON
name: CONCEIÇÃO, PEDRO
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Africa
subject: income inequality

description: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) recorded a remarkable economic performance in the first 15 years of the 21st Century. Such an encouraging trend, which reversed the stagnation or decline of the prior 25 years, was accompanied by a perceptible, modest, but uneven decline in aggregate poverty, together with substantial cross-country variation in the poverty-reducing power of growth. This is reflected in, and partially driven by, the variation of inequality levels and trends among the African countries. Proper documentation of inequality levels and trends in the region is therefore essential to better understand the slow and varying rate of decline of poverty reduction in the region. To this end, this book, an outcome of a comprehensive study of income inequality in SSA, documents the initial conditions and changes in income inequality that have taken place in the region since the early 1990s. It proposes hypotheses to account for this experience and draws relevant lessons that could help accelerate reduction in income disparities.
Higher-Dimensional Algebra V: 2-Groups
Creators: name: Baez, John C.
name: Lauda, Aaron D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A 2-group is a "categorified" version of a group, in which the underlying set G has been replaced by a category and the multiplication map has been replaced by a functor. Various versions of this notion have already been explored; our goal here is to provide a detailed introduction to two, which we call "weak" and "coherent" 2-groups. A weak 2-group is a weak monoidal category in which every morphism has an inverse and every object x has a "weak inverse": an object y such that x tensor y and y tensor x are isomorphic to 1. A coherent 2-group is a weak 2-group in which every object x is equipped with a specified weak inverse x* and isomorphisms i_x: 1 -> x tensor x* and e_x: x* tensor x -> 1 forming an adjunction. We describe 2-categories of weak and coherent 2-groups and an "improvement" 2-functor that turns weak 2-groups into coherent ones, and prove that this 2-functor is a 2-equivalence of 2-categories. We internalize the concept of coherent 2-group, which gives a quick way to define Lie 2-groups. We give a tour of examples, including the "fundamental 2-group" of a space and various Lie 2-groups. We also explain how coherent 2-groups can be classified in terms of 3rd cohomology classes in group cohomology. Finally, using this classification, we construct for any connected and simply-connected compact simple Lie group G a family of 2-groups G_hbar (for integral values of hbar) having G as its group of objects and U(1) as the group of automorphisms of its identity object. These 2-groups are built using Chern-Simons theory, and are closely related to the Lie 2-algebras g_hbar (for real hbar) described in a companion paper.
description: 75 pages LaTeX with Xy-pic diagrams
Additional file 1 of Economic impact of switching from partially combined vaccine “Pentaxim® and hepatitis B” to fully combined vaccine “Hexaxim®” in the Malaysian National Immunization Program
Creators: name: Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
name: Al Bashir, Lama
name: Ismail, Aniza Binti
name: Aizuddin, Azimatun Noor
name: Rashid, S. A. Zafirah Abdul
name: Nur, Amrizal Muhammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Bulk self-assembly of giant, unilamellar vesicles
Creators: name: Kindt, James T.
name: Szostak, Jack W.
name: Wang, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The desire to create cell-like models for fundamental science and applications has spurred extensive effort towards creating giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). However, a route to selectively self-assemble GUVs in bulk has remained elusive. In bulk solution, membrane-forming molecules such as phospholipids, single-tailed surfactants, and block copolymers typically self-assemble into multilamellar, onion-like structures. So although self-assembly processes can form nanoscale unilamellar vesicles, scaffolding by droplets or surfaces is required to create GUVs. Here we show that surprisingly, it is possible to bulk self-assemble cell-sized GUVs with almost complete selectivity over other vesicle topologies. The seemingly paradoxical pair of features that enables this appears to be having very dynamic molecules at the nanoscale, that create unusually rigid membranes. The resultant self-assembly pathway enables encapsulation of molecules and colloids, and can also generate model primitive cells that can grow and divide.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Neutrino oscillation studies with laser-driven beam dump facilities
Creators: name: Bulanov, S. V.
name: Esirkepov, T.
name: Migliozzi, P.
name: Pegoraro, F.
name: Tajima, T.
name: Terranova, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new mechanism is suggested for efficient proton acceleration in the GeV energy range; applications to non-conventional high intensity proton drivers and, hence, to low-energy (10-200 MeV) neutrino sources are discussed. In particular we investigate possible uses to explore subdominant $\barν_μ\to \barν_e$ oscillations at the atmospheric scale and their CP conjugate. We emphasize the opportunity to develop these facilities in conjunction with projects for inertial confined nuclear fusion and neutron spallation sources.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, minor changes, version to appear in Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A
Comparative study on oral microbial composition of Tibetan pig and Duroc pig
Creators: name: 潘洪彬
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Metagenome
Multispecies
Agricultural

description: The aim of this study was used metagenomics to analyze the difference of oral microbiota between Tibetan pig and Duroc pig.
Randomization Tests for Weak Null Hypotheses in Randomized Experiments
Creators: name: Wu, Jason
name: Ding, Peng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The Fisher randomization test (FRT) is appropriate for any test statistic, under a sharp null hypothesis that can recover all missing potential outcomes. However, it is often sought after to test a weak null hypothesis that the treatment does not affect the units on average. To use the FRT for a weak null hypothesis, we must address two issues. First, we need to impute the missing potential outcomes although the weak null hypothesis cannot determine all of them. Second, we need to choose a proper test statistic. For a general weak null hypothesis, we propose an approach to imputing missing potential outcomes under a compatible sharp null hypothesis. Building on this imputation scheme, we advocate a studentized statistic. The resulting FRT has multiple desirable features. First, it is model-free. Second, it is finite-sample exact under the sharp null hypothesis that we use to impute the potential outcomes. Third, it conservatively controls large-sample type I error under the weak null hypothesis of interest. Therefore, our FRT is agnostic to the treatment effect heterogeneity. We establish a unified theory for general factorial experiments and extend it to stratified and clustered experiments.
Comparative study on oral metagenome virome of Tibetan pig and Duroc pig
Creators: name: 潘洪彬
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Multispecies

description: The aim of this study was used metagenome virome sequencing to analyze the difference of oral metagenome virome between Tibetan pig and Duroc pig.
Resolvent estimates for the Laplacian on asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds
Creators: name: Bouclet, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove high energy estimates for the boundary values of the weighted resolvent of the Laplacian on an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold. Our point is to use weights that fit the pseudo-differential calculus associated with the asymptotically hyperbolic geometry. Our proof is a combination of a trick using Mourre theory and of results by Froese-Hislop and Cardoso-Vodev.
description: Replaced with revised version of Tue, 27 September 2005. Typos corrected and proof of Proposition 4.3 changed