cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
3D Mapping and Characterization of Sistema Zacatón from DEPTHX (DEep Phreatic THermal eXplorer)
Creators: name: Gary, Marcus
name: Fairfield, Nathaniel
name: Stone, William C.
name: Wettergreen, David
name: Kantor, George
name: Sharp, John M.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Underwater exploration at Sistema Zacatón reached human limits when Jim Bowden descended to a depth of 289 meters April 6, 1994. In order to understand this karst system, unmanned robotic exploration is required to document the immense geometry of the underwater caves. The DEPTHX (DEep Phreatic THermal eXplorer) vehicle was developed with support from NASA to approach this problem, with the additional impetus to address robotic exploration in outer space. During the winter and spring of 2007, DEPTHX conducted three-dimensional (3D) underwater mapping missions of 4 cenotes in Sistema Zacatón: El Zacatón, Caracol, Poza Verde, and La Pilita. The detailed maps discovered no lateral tunnels connecting the cenotes, which are only 100–200 meters apart from each other. The deepest cenote, El Zacatón was bottomed out at a depth of 319 meters (339 meters including above water cliff), making it the deepest underwater vertical shaft and second deepest underwater cave in the world. No side tunnels were discovered. However, the 3D data revealed geomorphic features of the cenotes to document how the karst system may have evolved through time. Spatial geochemical data collected contemporaneously during mapping missions indicate that water in the three warmest cenotes is extremely homogeneous, and the cooler cenote displays chemoclines similar to lacustrine type settings. The data collected by DEPTHX are being used with other types of geologic information to investigate the specific nature of hypogenic karstification that formed the cave system. Read More: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/41003(327)20
Comment on ``Constraints on the strength of primordial B-fields from big bang nucleosynthesis reexamined''
Creators: name: Kernan, Peter J.
name: Starkman, Glenn D.
name: Vachaspati, Tanmay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently Cheng, Olinto, Schramm and Truran (COST) reexamined the constraints from big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) on the strength of primordial magnetic fields. Their bottom line agreed with that of an earlier recent paper on the subject (Kernan, Starkman and Vachaspati (KSV)), both in its final limit on the magnetic field during BBN, and in its conclusion that for allowed values of the magnetic field the dominant factor for BBN is the increased expansion rate at a given temperature caused by the energy density of the magnetic field, $B^2/8π$. However, their conclusion that weak interaction rates increased with increasing B-field at these low field values contradicted the earlier results of KSV. In this comment we point out that the Taylor series expansion of the weak interaction rate about B=0 used in COST is not well-defined, while the Euler-McLaurin expansion of KSV is well-behaved and reliable. Using the Euler-McLaurin expansion we find that the weak interaction rates decrease rather than increase with increasing B-field at small values of the B-field.
description: 4 pages, Latex, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Improving sample and feature selection with principal covariates regression
Creators: name: Cersonsky, Rose K
name: Helfrecht, Benjamin A
name: Engel, Edgar A
name: Kliavinek, Sergei
name: Ceriotti, Michele
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
machine learning
feature selection
sample selection
farthest point sampling
materials science
physical chemistry
semi-supervised learning

description: Funder: Trinity College, University of Cambridge; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000727
description: Abstract: Selecting the most relevant features and samples out of a large set of candidates is a task that occurs very often in the context of automated data analysis, where it improves the computational performance and often the transferability of a model. Here we focus on two popular subselection schemes applied to this end: CUR decomposition, derived from a low-rank approximation of the feature matrix, and farthest point sampling (FPS), which relies on the iterative identification of the most diverse samples and discriminating features. We modify these unsupervised approaches, incorporating a supervised component following the same spirit as the principal covariates (PCov) regression method. We show how this results in selections that perform better in supervised tasks, demonstrating with models of increasing complexity, from ridge regression to kernel ridge regression and finally feed-forward neural networks. We also present adjustments to minimise the impact of any subselection when performing unsupervised tasks. We demonstrate the significant improvements associated with PCov-CUR and PCov-FPS selections for applications to chemistry and materials science, typically reducing by a factor of two the number of features and samples required to achieve a given level of regression accuracy.
3-D Map Reconstruction From Range Data
Creators: name: Huber, Daniel F.
name: Carmichael, Owen
name: Hebert, Martial
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present techniques for building models of complex environments from range data gathered at multiple viewpoints. The challenges in this problem are: the matching of unregistered views without prior knowledge of pose, the use of very large data sets, and the manipulation of data sets of different resolutions and from different sensors. Our approach is unique in that no prior knowledge of the relative viewpoints is needed in order to register the data. We show results in building maps of interior environment from range finding data, building large terrain maps from ground-based and from aerial data, and from an operational for mapping from stereo data for hazardous environment characterization. The paper summarizes the major results obtained so far in this area.
Dispersive effects in neutron matter superfluidity
Creators: name: Baldo, M.
name: Grasso, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The explicit energy dependence of the single particle self-energy (dispersive effects), due to short range correlations, is included in the treatment of neutron matter superfluidity. The method can be applied in general to strong interacting fermion systems, and it is expected to be valid whenever the pairing gap is substantially smaller than the Fermi kinetic energy. The results for neutron matter show that dispersive effects are strong in the density region near the gap closure.
description: 9 pages, 4 ps figures
Miracles de Notre-Dame de Chartres
Creators: name: Jean Le Marchant
name: Marchant, Jean Le
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Langue et littérature françaises médiévales

description: Texte en français médiéval. Date de composition : 1262 (1252-1262) (1252 - 1262), domaine : religieux, genre : miracle, forme : vers
description: Bibliographic citation: Jean le Marchant, Miracles de Notre-Dame de Chartres, édité par Pierre Kunstmann, Ottawa, 1973. Publié en ligne par la Base de français médiéval, http://catalog.bfm-corpus.org/MirNDChartr. Dernière révision le 2013-05-23.
Lyman-alpha Imaging of a Very Luminous z=2.3 Starburst Galaxy with WFPC2
Creators: name: Roche, Nathan
name: Lowenthal, James
name: Woodgate, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a very luminous Lyman-alpha emitting galaxy, associated with a z=2.3 damped absorption system in the spectrum of the QSO PHL 957. The galaxy was observed with the HST WFPC2, through a narrow filter (F410M) corresponding to rest-frame Lyman -alpha, for 41.2 ksec, with shorter exposures in F555W and F814W. The galaxy is resolved into a close (0.35 arcsec) pair of two components, CFgA and CFgB. The profile of CFgA is consistent with an exponential disk, but CFgB is closer to a bulge galaxy. Fr om the observed colours we estimate rest-frame Lyman-alpha equivalent widths of 151 Angstroms for CFgA and 33 for CFgB. From the F814W and F555W magnitudes we estimate rest-frame blue-band absolute magnitudes of -23.12 for CFgA and -23.24 for CFgB, signi ficantly brighter than local galaxies of the same size. CFgA shows a remarkable 3.9 magnitudes of surface brightness enhancement relative to local spirals, and we speculate that this may be the result of a very luminous starburst, triggered by the merger of the two components. The Lyman-alpha emission could be from a brief phase early in the starburst in which most of these photons can escape. We search for other z=2.3 galaxies with strong Lyman-alpha emission, selecting these by a colour F410M-F555W
description: 17 pages, Latex, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Enabling Early Audio Event Detection with Neural Networks
Creators: name: Phan, Huy
name: Koch, Philipp
name: McLoughlin, Ian
name: Mertins, Alfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a methodology for early detection of audio events from audio streams. Early detection is the ability to infer an ongoing event during its initial stage. The proposed system consists of a novel inference step coupled with dual parallel tailored-loss deep neural networks (DNNs). The DNNs share a similar architecture except for their loss functions, i.e. weighted loss and multitask loss, which are designed to efficiently cope with issues common to audio event detection. The inference step is newly introduced to make use of the network outputs for recognizing ongoing events. The monotonicity of the detection function is required for reliable early detection, and will also be proved. Experiments on the ITC-Irst database show that the proposed system achieves state-of-the-art detection performance. Furthermore, even partial events are sufficient to achieve good performance similar to that obtained when an entire event is observed, enabling early event detection.
description: Published version available at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8461859
Supersymmetry Hierarchy Problems and Anomalous Horizontal U(1) Symmetry
Creators: name: Choi, Kiwoon
name: Chun, Eung Jin
name: Kim, Hyungdo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is suggested that various hierarchy problems in supersymmetric standard model, i.e. the Yukawa hierarchies, the μproblem, and the suppression of dangerous baryon and/or lepton number (B/L) violating couplings, are resolved altogether in the framework of horizontal U(1) symmetry whose spontaneous breaking results in the appearance of one expansion parameter (the Cabibbo angle). Within a reasonable range of U(1) charges, there exist a few models compatible with experiments. The specific sizes of B/L violating couplings of these models are calculated and several phenomenological consequences are discussed.
description: 18 pages, Latex
Exogenous misfolded protein oligomers can cross the intestinal barrier and cause a disease phenotype in C. elegans
Creators: name: Perni, Michele
name: Mannini, Benedetta
name: Xu, Catherine K.
name: Kumita, Janet R.
name: Dobson, Christopher M.
name: Chiti, Fabrizio
name: Vendruscolo, Michele
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/337/470/2284
/631/1647/767/1424
article

description: Abstract: Misfolded protein oligomers are increasingly recognized as highly cytotoxic agents in a wide range of human disorders associated with protein aggregation. In this study, we assessed the possible uptake and resulting toxic effects of model protein oligomers administered to C. elegans through the culture medium. We used an automated machine-vision, high-throughput screening procedure to monitor the phenotypic changes in the worms, in combination with confocal microscopy to monitor the diffusion of the oligomers, and oxidative stress assays to detect their toxic effects. Our results suggest that the oligomers can diffuse from the intestinal lumen to other tissues, resulting in a disease phenotype. We also observed that pre-incubation of the oligomers with a molecular chaperone (αB-crystallin) or a small molecule inhibitor of protein aggregation (squalamine), reduced the oligomer absorption. These results indicate that exogenous misfolded protein oligomers can be taken up by the worms from their environment and spread across tissues, giving rise to pathological effects in regions distant from their place of absorbance.
Projectile structure effects in the Coulomb breakup of one-neutron halo nuclei
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Rajdeep
name: Banerjee, Prabir
name: Shyam, Radhey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Coulomb breakup of neutron rich nuclei 11Be and (19,17,15)C within a theory developed in the framework of Distorted Wave Born Approximation. Finite range effects are included by a local momentum approximation, which allows incorporation of realistic wave functions for these nuclei in our calculations. Energy and angular as well as parallel momentum distributions of the fragments emitted in the breakup of these nuclei on heavy targets have been calculated using several structure models for their ground state. Comparison with the available experimental data shows that the results are selective about the ground state wave function of the projectile. Our investigations confirm that the nuclei 11Be, 19C and 15C have a one-neutron halo structure in their ground states. However, for 17C such a structure appears to be less likely. Calculations performed within our method have also been compared with those from an adiabatic model and the results are discussed.
description: Minor corrections in a couple of references, Requires elsart.cls 33 pages including 16 figures, Nucl. Phys. A in Press
A Study of Habituation Behavior and Pavlovian Conditioning in the Mimosa pudica Plant (Undergraduate Thesis)
Creators: name: Kirkman, Cyrus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310899
subject: Plant biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 520403
subject: Learning, motivation and emotion
classificationCode: 520499
subject: Cognitive and computational psychology not elsewhere classified

description: Modern study of complex plant behavior rarely utilizes the psychological frameworks that are common in animal research. Behaviorism is an ideal logical framework in constructing an ecocentric foundation of plant behavior because of its objective treat- ment of behavioral patterns without dependence upon responsible mechanism. Biologists have recently applied Behavioral paradigms to plant learning experiments and found preliminary success, but have also been met with skepticism stemming from incomplete and improper behavioral procedures and human interference and error. This thesis constructed a novel procedural framework and experimental apparatus featuring automated stimulus implementation and rigorous data collection by which Mimosa pudica plant subjects could be left for weeks at a time without human con- tact. A photo-analysis algorithm that was blind to experimental conditions measured stimulus responses in order to unambiguously demonstrate behavioral trends in data. Experiment 1 established a habituation protocol to an air flow stimulus and found plants to show a monotonic decrease in magnitude of response over 30d of data collection. Experiment 2 implemented a repeated associative contingency between changes in air flow and vibration stimuli and found a systematic difference in unconditioned response magnitude across experimental and control groups over 28d, thereby estab- lishing preliminary evidence for Pavlovian conditioning in M. pudica plants. Highly regulated environmental conditions, mechanically automated stimuli, and algorithmic response measurement and comparison reduced the possibility for human error and maximized procedural effectiveness in order to create ideal conditions for observations of plant learning.
Additional file 9 of Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals region-specific expression patterns in different beef cuts
Creators: name: Zhang, Tianliu
name: Wang, Tianzhen
name: Niu, Qunhao
name: Zheng, Xu
name: Li, Haipeng
name: Gao, Xue
name: Chen, Yan
name: Gao, Huijiang
name: Zhang, Lupei
name: Liu, George E.
name: Li, Junya
name: Xu, Lingyang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9. Author checklist.
1989 year end report : autonomous planetary rover at Carnegie Mellon
Creators: name: Whittaker, William L.
name: Mitchell, Tom M.(Tom Michael)
name: Kanade, Takeo
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "This report describes progress in research on an autonomous robot for planetary exploration performed during 1989 at the Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. The report begins with an introduction, summary of achievements, and lists of personnel and publications. It also includes several papers resulting from the research."
The random gas of hard spheres
Creators: name: Abramov, Rafail V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inconsistency between the time-reversible Liouville equation and time-irreversible Boltzmann equation has been pointed out long ago by Loschmidt. To avoid Loschmidt's objection, here we propose a new dynamical system to model the motion of atoms of gas, with their interactions triggered by a random point process. Despite being random, this model can approximate the collision dynamics of rigid spheres via adjustable parameters. We compute the exact statistical steady state of the system, and determine the form of its marginal distributions for a large number of spheres. We find that the Kullback-Leibler entropy (a generalization of the conventional Boltzmann entropy) of the full system of random gas spheres is a nonincreasing function of time. Unlike the conventional hard sphere model, the proposed random gas model results in a variant of the Enskog equation, which is known to be a more accurate model of dense gas than the Boltzmann equation. We examine the hydrodynamic limit of the derived Enskog equation for spheres of constant mass density, and find that the corresponding Enskog-Euler and Enskog-Navier-Stokes equations acquire additional effects in both the advective and viscous terms. In the dilute gas approximation, the Enskog equation simplifies to the Boltzmann equation, while the Enskog-Euler and Enskog-Navier-Stokes equations become the conventional Euler and Navier-Stokes equations.
description: 49 pages, 1 figure (improved the part with conventional hard spheres, also improved the formulation of the random jump process)
Radiative Tail in $π_{e2}$ Decay and Some Comments on $μ-e$ Universality
Creators: name: Kuraev, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The result of lowest-order perturbation theory calculations of the photon and positron spectra in radiative pion(e2) decay are generalized to all orders of perturbation theory using the structure-function method. An additional source of radiative corrections to the ratio of the positron and muon channels of pion decay, due to emission of virtual and real photons and pairs, is considered. It depends on details of the detection of the final particles and is large enough to be taken into account in theoretical estimates with a level of accuracy of 0.1%.
description: 5 pages, LaTeX, some misprints are corrected, submitted to Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz
Isoscalar dipole mode in relativistic random phase approximation
Creators: name: Vretenar, D.
name: Wandelt, A.
name: Ring, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isoscalar giant dipole resonance structure in $^{208}$Pb is calculated in the framework of a fully consistent relativistic random phase approximation, based on effective mean-field Lagrangians with nonlinear meson self-interaction terms. The results are compared with recent experimental data and with calculations performed in the Hartree-Fock plus RPA framework. Two basic isoscalar dipole modes are identified from the analysis of the velocity distributions. The discrepancy between the calculated strength distributions and current experimental data is discussed, as well as the implications for the determination of the nuclear matter incompressibility.
description: 9 pages, Latex, 3. p.s figs, submitted to Phys. Lett. B
1988 year end report : autonomous planetary rover at Carnegie Mellon
Creators: name: Kanade, Takeo
name: Mitchell, Tom M.(Tom Michael)
name: Whittaker, William L.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robotics Institute
One spectrum to rule them all?
Creators: name: Cadavid, Alexander Gallego
name: Romano, Antonio Enea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in absence of entropy or effective anisotropic stress the freedom in the choice of the initial energy scale of inflation implies the existence of an infinite family of dual slow-roll parameters histories which can produce the same spectrum of comoving curvature perturbations. This implies that in general there is no one-to-one correspondence between the spectrum and higher order correlation functions. We give some numerical examples of expansion histories corresponding to different initial energy scales, with the same spectrum of curvature perturbations, the same squeezed limit bispectrum, in agreement with the squeezed limit consistency condition, but with different bispectra in other configurations and different spectra of primordial gravitational waves. The combined analysis of data from future CMB and gravitational wave experiments could allow to distinguish between dual models.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Characterizing the Peak in the CMB Angular Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Knox, Lloyd
name: Page, Lyman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A peak has been unambiguously detected in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular spectrum. Here we characterize its properties with fits to phenomenological models. We find that the TOCO and BOOM/NA data determine the peak location to be in the range 175--243 and 151--259 respectively (both ranges 95% confidence) and determine the peak amplitude to be between ~70 and 90 micro Kelvin. By combining all the data, we constrain the full-width at half-maximum to be between 180 and 250 at 95% confidence. Such a peak is consistent with inflation-inspired flat, cold dark matter plus cosmological constant models of structure formation with adiabatic, nearly scale-invariant initial conditions. It is inconsistent with open and defect models.
description: 4 pages, submitted to PRL
When Is Simultaneous Recording Necessary? A Guide for Researchers Considering Combined EEG-fMRI
Creators: name: Scrivener, Catriona L.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neuroscience
simultaneous EEG and fMRI
multimodal neuroimaging
EEG-informed fMRI
fMRI-informed EEG
combined recording

description: Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provide non-invasive measures of brain activity at varying spatial and temporal scales, offering different views on brain function for both clinical and experimental applications. Simultaneous recording of these measures attempts to maximize the respective strengths of each method, while compensating for their weaknesses. However, combined recording is not necessary to address all research questions of interest, and experiments may have greater statistical power to detect effects by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio in separate recording sessions. While several existing papers discuss the reasons for or against combined recording, this article aims to synthesize these arguments into a flow chart of questions that researchers can consider when deciding whether to record EEG and fMRI separately or simultaneously. Given the potential advantages of simultaneous EEG-fMRI, the aim is to provide an initial overview of the most important concepts and to direct readers to relevant literature that will aid them in this decision.
Lettre du propriétaire du Grand Hotel du Midi à M. Merle : Recherche d'une partition
Creators: name: Brun, A.
name: Lancelot, Francine
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/FileId-3413
On dipole compression modes in nuclei
Creators: name: Colo`, G.
name: Van Giai, N.
name: Bortignon, P. F.
name: Quaglia, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isoscalar dipole strength distributions in spherical medium- and heavy-mass nuclei are calculated within random phase approximation (RPA) or quasiparticle RPA. Different Skyrme-type interactions corresponding to incompressibilities in the range 200 - 250 MeV are used. The results are discussed in comparison with existing data on isoscalar giant dipole resonances. Two main issues are raised, firstly the calculated giant resonance energies are somewhat higher than the observed ones, and secondly a sizable fraction of strength is predicted below 20 MeV which needs to be experimentally confirmed.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to Phys. Lett. B
La intertextualidad en “Casa Tomada”
Creators: name: Claudia, González Ugalde
name: González Ugalde, Claudia
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: Literatura argentina
Estructuralismo
"Bestiario"

description: Trabajo universitario.
description: Source: Localización del archivo: Centre de Recherches Latino-Américaines (CRLA–Archivos, ITEM UMR8132). MSHS - Bât. A5, 1er étage 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre - TSA21103. 86073 Poitiers cedex 9.
description: Source: Num.Ref. : JC-CAR-03.067
description: created: s.f.
An operator-theoretical proof for the second-order phase transition in the BCS-Bogoliubov model of superconductivity (final version)
Creators: name: Watanabe, Shuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 45G10, 47H10, 47N50, 82D55

description: We show that the transition from a normal conducting state to a superconducting state is a second-order phase transition in the BCS-Bogoliubov model of superconductivity from the viewpoint of operator theory. Here we have no magnetic field. Moreover we obtain the exact and explicit expression for the gap in the specific heat at constant volume at the transition temperature. To this end, we have to differentiate the thermodynamic potential with respect to the temperature two times. Since there is the solution to the BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation in the form of the thermodynamic potential, we have to differentiate the solution with respect to the temperature two times. Therefore, we need to show that the solution to the BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation is differentiable with respect to the temperature two times as well as its existence and uniqueness. We carry out its proof on the basis of fixed point theorems.
description: Kyushu Journal of Mathematics, in press. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1607.00090, arXiv:1609.07224
Formation of cysteine adducts with chlorogenic acid in coffee beans
Creators: name: Tchewonpi Sagu, Sorel
name: Ulbrich, Nina
name: Morche, Johanna Rebekka
name: Nichani, Kapil
name: Özpinar, Haydar
name: Schwarz, Steffen
name: Henze, Andreas
name: Rohn, Sascha
name: Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 580

description: The post-harvest processing of coffee beans leads to a wide range of reactions involving proteins. The formation of crosslinks between proteins and phenolic compounds present in high concentrations of coffee beans represents one of the most challenging and still not fully characterized reactions. The aim of this work was to assess the presence of products from such reactions in coffee samples, focusing on the adducts between cysteine and chlorogenic acids (CQAs). For this purpose, 19 green and 15 roasted coffee samples of the Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, and Coffea liberica varieties were selected for this study and basically characterized. Then, targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were developed to assess the formation of adducts between CQA and cysteine, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine as the amino acid and peptide models, and quantified such adducts in coffee samples. The results of the characterization showed a heterogeneous distribution of the protein content (8.7–14.6%), caffeine (0.57–2.62 g/100 g), and antioxidant capacity (2–4.5 g ascorbic acid/100 g) in Arabica, Canephora, and Liberica samples. Glutamic acid, arginine, and proline were found to be the major amino acids, while 5-CQA (38–76%), 3-CQA (4–13%), and 4-CQA (4–13%) were the most abundant CQA derivatives of all coffee varieties. The model experiments for adduct formation demonstrated that cysteine binds to CQA via thiol groups and 5-CQA initially isomerizes to 3- and 4-CQA, depending on the conditions, allowing cysteine to bind to two different sites on 3-, 4- or 5-CQA molecules, thus, forming six different Cys-CQA adducts with m/z 476. The reaction was more favored at pH 9, and the adducts proved to be stable up to 90 °C for 10 min and up to 28 days at room temperature. The relative quantification of adducts showed peak area values ranging from 1100 to 3000 in green coffee bean samples, while no adducts were detected in roasted coffee beans. Overall, this work was the first attempt to demonstrate the presence of Cys-CQA adducts in coffee beans and paves the way for further investigations of such adduct formation at the protein level.
Finite element analysis predicts Ca 2+ microdomains within tubular-sarcoplasmic reticular junctions of amphibian skeletal muscle
Creators: name: Bardsley, Oliver J.
name: Matthews, Hugh R.
name: Huang, Christopher L.-H.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/57
/631/443
article

description: Abstract: A finite element analysis modelled diffusional generation of steady-state Ca2+ microdomains within skeletal muscle transverse (T)-tubular-sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) junctions, sites of ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated SR Ca2+ release. It used established quantifications of sarcomere and T-SR anatomy (radial diameter d=220nm; axial distance w=12nm). Its boundary SR Ca2+ influx densities,Jinflux, reflected step impositions of influxes, Φinflux=Jinfluxπd24, deduced from previously measured Ca2+ signals following muscle fibre depolarization. Predicted steady-state T-SR junctional edge [Ca2+], [Ca2+]edge, matched reported corresponding experimental cytosolic [Ca2+] elevations given diffusional boundary effluxΦefflux=D[Ca2+]edgeλ(πdw), established cytosolic Ca2+ diffusion coefficients (D=4×107nm2/s) and exit length λ=9.2nm. Dependences of predicted [Ca2+]edge upon Jinflux then matched those of experimental [Ca2+] upon Ca2+ release through their entire test voltage range. The resulting model consistently predicted elevated steady-state T-SR junctional ~ µM-[Ca2+] elevations radially declining from maxima at the T-SR junction centre along the entire axial T-SR distance. These [Ca2+] heterogeneities persisted through 104- and fivefold, variations in D and w around, and fivefold reductions in d below, control values, and through reported resting muscle cytosolic [Ca2+] values, whilst preserving the flux conservation (Φinflux=Φefflux) condition, Ca2+edge=λdJinflux4Dw. Skeletal muscle thus potentially forms physiologically significant ~ µM-[Ca2+] T-SR microdomains that could regulate cytosolic and membrane signalling molecules including calmodulin and RyR, These findings directly fulfil recent experimental predictions invoking such Ca2+ microdomains in observed regulatory effects upon Na+ channel function, in a mechanism potentially occurring in similar restricted intracellular spaces in other cell types.
title: Average rainfall (S.Met., 1931-1960 average) and soil regions (Purnell and Venema 1976)
title: Précipitations moyennes et régions du sol
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: De Zborowski, Isolde
name: CIRAD-EMVT-FRA
Publisher: name: CIRAD-EMVT; CTA
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Élevage
subject: Climat aride
subject: Pluviométrie
subject: Précipitation
subject: Sol
subject: Soudan
subject: Afrique orientale
subject: Désert du Sahara
subject: L01 - Elevage - Considérations générales
subject: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol
subject: P40 - Météorologie et climatologie
subject: L01 - Animal husbandry
subject: P33 - Soil chemistry and physics
subject: P40 - Meteorology and climatology

description: In : Livestock production and Sahelian rangelands potential. Republic of the Sudan = Élevage et potentialités pastorales sahéliennes. République du Soudan. CIRAD-EMVT, Range Pasture Administration (Soudan). 1993. Maisons-Alfort : CIRAD-EMVT-CTA, 33 p. ISBN 2-87614-088-8
Conceptual approach for a holistic low-flow risk analysis
Creators: name: Satzinger, Udo
name: Bachmann, Daniel
Publisher: name: Wiley, New York
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: low-flow risk analysis
subject: 5**

description: Low-flow events, characterized by a significant water deficiency in river systems, have profound impacts on various water users and river ecology. Recent low-flow events in Europe have had severe economic and ecological consequences such as disruptions to hydropower production, irrigation bans, constraints on navigation and complete river drying. These events highlight the urgent need for effective low-flow risk management and demand a holistic risk analysis as a basis. The existing approaches to low-flow analysis often focus on hydrological aspects, utilizing indices such as the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) or Low-flow Index. However, these indices lack information regarding consequences and impacts. Other approaches consider parts of a risk approach but often focus on special aspects, such as the economy; in general, no holistic assessment is made. This study introduces a conceptual approach to a holistic low-flow risk analysis. The approach provides a continuous long-term simulation to capture the special long-term behaviour of low-flow events and therefore avoids the complex definition of scenarios. In this conceptual approach, the low-flow risk is analysed using a combination of various analyses that cover all aspects from occurrence to consequences. Meteorological analysis is used to generate synthetic long-term weather data time series, which are transformed into runoff time series in hydrological analysis. Based on these results, hydrodynamic analysis quantifies the water levels, water temperatures, and flow velocities along the river. The consequences are analysed in terms of socio-economic and ecological consequences. The results represent a long-term series of damage values. Finally, the damage values are summed in the risk analysis and divided by the number of years considered in the analysis. For testing and demonstration purposes, the presented conceptual risk approach is partly applied to a proof-of-concept at the Selke catchment, a small river catchment in Germany. Finally, the results are presented, evaluated, and discussed.
Is There a Detectable Vishniac Effect?
Creators: name: Scannapieco, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dominant linear contribution to cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations at small angular scales (less than one arcsec) is a second-order contribution known as the Vishniac or Ostriker-Vishniac effect. This effect is caused by the scattering of CMB photons off free electrons after the universe has been reionized, and is dominated by linear perturbations near the R_V =2 Mpc/(h Gamma/0.2) scale in the Cold Dark Matter cosmogony. As the reionization of the universe requires that nonlinear objects exist on some scale, however, one can compare the scale responsible for reionization to R_V and ask if a linear treatment is even feasible in different scenarios of reionization. For an Omega_0 = 1 cosmology normalized to cluster abundances, only about 65% of the linear integral is valid if reionization is due to quasars in halos of mass 10^9 solar, while 75% of the integral is valid if reionization was caused by stars in 10^6 solar mass halos. In lambda or open cosmologies, both the redshift of reionization and z_V are pushed further back, but still only 75% to 85% of the linear integral is valid, independent of the ionization scenario. We point out that all odd higher-order moments from Vishniac fluctuations are zero while even moments are non-zero, regardless of the gaussianity of the density perturbations. This provides a defining characteristic of the Vishniac effect that differentiates it from other secondary perturbations and may be helpful in separating them.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Estudio computacional sobre el mecanismo de activación del receptor de linfocitos T
Creators: name: Iborra-Satorre, Carmen
name: de Julián-Ortiz, Jesús Vicente
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 340701
subject: Computational chemistry

description: T lymphocytes are cells of the immune system that play a crucial role in the adaptiveimmune response. These cells are characterized by their high specificity to recognizeantigens due to the presence of a receptor on their surface, called the T-cell receptor(TCR), which plays an essential role in the adaptive immune response.The TCR is bound to the differentiation complex 3 (CD3), so that when antigenpresentingcells (APCs) activate the TCR, TCR-mediated signals are transmitted acrossthe cell membrane by CD3 chains. These chains all contain immunoreceptor tyrosinebasedactivation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain, and upon TCRengagement, these motifs are phosphorylated by the Src family protein tyrosine kinasesLCK and FYN, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling pathways. In thiswork, starting from the TCR-CD3 receptor complex, we have sought to carry out amolecular dynamics simulation to study the interaction between the TCR and CDs, andwe postulate an electrostatic hypothesis to explain the activation of T lymphocytes.
Electromagnetic Masses of the Massive Yang-Mills Particles K^*(892)
Creators: name: Yan, Mu-Lin
name: Gao, Dao-Neng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic mass difference between neutral $K^*$ and charged $K^*$ has been calculated in the $U(3)_L\times U(3)_R$ chiral fields theory of mesons. It has been revealed that the non-abelian gauge structure of the massive Yang-Mills lagrangian obeyed by $K^*$ plus VMD (vector meson dominace) causes the EM-mass of neutral one larger than charged one. Experiment supports this effect.
description: plain TeX , pages 14 and 1 ps file
Electromagnetic mass splittings of $π, a_1, K, K_1(1400)$ and $K^*(892)$
Creators: name: Gao, Dao-Neng
name: Li, Bing An
name: Yan, Mu-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To one-loop order and $O(α_{em})$, the electromagnetic mass splittings of $π$, $a_1$, $K$, $K_1(1400)$, and $K^*(892)$ are calculated in the framework of $U(3)_L\times U(3)_R$ chiral field theory. The logarithmic divergences emerging in the Feynman integrations of the mesonic loops are factorized by using an intrinsic parameter $g$ of this theory. No other additional parameters or counterterms are introduced to absorb the mesonic loop divergences. When $f_π$,$m_ρ$ and $m_a$ are taken as inputs, the parameter $g$ will be determined and all the physical results are finite and fixed. Dashen's theorem is satisfied in the chiral SU(3) limit of this theory, and a rather large violation of the theorem is revealed at the order of $m_s$ or $m_K^2$. Mass ratios of light quarks have been determined. A relation for electromagnetic corrections to masses of axial-vector mesons is obtained. It could be regarded as a generalization of Dashen's theorem. Comparing with data, it is found that the non-electromagnetic mass difference of $K^*$ is in agreement with the estimation of Schechter, Subbaraman, Weigel.
description: LateX, 40 pages and five PS files. Final version will appear in Phys. Rev. D56
title: Differences in IT Security Behavior and Knowledge of Private Users in Germany
Creators: name: Herbert, Franziska
name: Schmidbauer-Wolf, Gina Maria
name: Reuter, Christian
Publisher: name: GITO mbH Verlag für Industrielle Informationstechnik und Organisation
Year: 2022

description: The German Federal Office for Information Security (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik) offers advice and recommendations for private users on how to behave securely. Based on these recommendations we investigate the IT security knowledge and behavior of private users with a representative study of the German population (N = 1.219). Additionally, we analyze the role of socio-demographic factors (gender, age, education, political orientation) for security knowledge and behavior. Results show that German private users have only moderate IT security knowledge and behavior, with aspects as gender, age, education and political orientation partly having an influence. Men, higher educated and politically moderately oriented participants show higher security knowledge, whereas young people and those less knowledgeable about security behave less security-conscious. Additionally, security knowledge and behavior correlate moderately. Therefore, to increase private users’ IT security we suggest to increase education and training especially for users being young, politically right-wing or female.
title: Cropping
title: Les systèmes de culture
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: De Zborowski, Isolde
name: CIRAD-EMVT-FRA
Publisher: name: CIRAD-EMVT; CTA
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Système de culture
subject: Agriculture traditionnelle
subject: Mécanisation
subject: Irrigation
subject: Topographie
subject: Soudan
subject: Afrique orientale
subject: Désert du Sahara
subject: F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture
subject: F08 - Cropping patterns and systems

description: In : Livestock production and Sahelian rangelands potential. Republic of the Sudan = Élevage et potentialités pastorales sahéliennes. République du Soudan. CIRAD-EMVT, Range Pasture Administration (Soudan). 1993. Maisons-Alfort : CIRAD-EMVT-CTA, 33 p. ISBN 2-87614-088-8
Adjustable volume and loading release of shape memory polymer microcapsules
Creators: name: Zhang, Fenghua
name: Wang, Lu
name: Geng, Qiangwang
name: Liu, Yanju
name: Leng, Jinsong
name: Smoukov, Stoyan K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Neuroscience
Mental Health

description: Research on microcapsules has been conducted in recent years given trends in miniaturization and novel functionalization. In this work, we designed and prepared a series of unique shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) microcapsules with stimuli-responsive functions. The microcapsule has a core-shell structure in which the surface morphology can be adjusted, and it has a certain load-bearing capacity. In addition, the SMPU microcapsule has a stimuli-responsive function for shape memory and solvent response. The temperature of its shape recovery is approximately body temperature, and it can swell to rupture under the stimulation of organic solvents. Thus, the SMPU microcapsule has potential applications in biomedical fields, such as drug release.
title: Guidebook of Good Practices
title: Regarding the recognition of student engagement
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Animafac
Publisher: name: European Step
Year: 2021

description: This guide provides an overview of the different practices implemented in Higher Education Institutions concerning student engagement recognition.

The European STudent Engagement Project (European STEP) project contributed to the recognition and improvement of students’ active participation in Europe, particularly as a factor in the development of key and cross-curricular skills complementary to the academic path.
Surface Tension between Kaon Condensate and Normal Nuclear Matter Phase
Creators: name: Christiansen, Michael B.
name: Glendenning, Norman K.
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jurgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate for the first time the surface tension and curvature coefficient of a first order phase transition between two possible phases of cold nuclear matter, a normal nuclear matter phase in equilibrium with a kaon condensed phase, at densities a few times the saturation density. We find the surface tension is proportional to the difference in energy density between the two phases squared. Furthermore, we show the consequences for the geometrical structures of the mixed phase region in a neutron star.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures (Latex)
(Online) Subgradient Methods for Structured Prediction
Creators: name: Ratliff, Nathan D.
name: J. Andrew  Bagnell
name: Zinkevich, Martin A.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Promising approaches to structured learning problems have recently been developed in the maximum margin framework. Unfortunately, algorithms that are computationally and memory eﬃcient enough to solve large scale problems have lagged behind. We propose using simple subgradient-based techniques for optimizing a regularized risk formulation of these problems in both online and batch settings, and analyze the theoretical convergence, generalization, and robustness properties of the resulting techniques. These algorithms are are simple, memory eﬃcient, fast to converge, and have small regret in the online setting. We also investigate a novel convex regression formulation of structured learning. Finally, we demonstrate the beneﬁts of the subgradient approach on three structured prediction problems.