cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection
Creators: name: Haynes, B. F.
name: Saag, M. S.
name: Sun, C.
name: Busch, M. P.
name: Pham, K. T.
name: Ping, L.-H.
name: Salazar-Gonzalez, J. F.
name: Goepfert, P. A.
name: Wei, X.
name: Wang, S.
name: Kirchherr, J. L.
name: Lee, H. Y.
name: Athreya, G. S.
name: Anderson, J. A.
name: Jiang, C.
name: Blattner, W. A.
name: Delwart, E. L.
name: Kilby, J. M.
name: Wood, N.
name: Grayson, T.
name: Keele, B. F.
name: Salazar, M. G.
name: Seoighe, C.
name: Li, H.
name: Giorgi, E. E.
name: Montefiori, D. C.
name: Decker, J. M.
name: Cohen, M. S.
name: Gao, F.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Tomaras, G. D.
name: Gaschen, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The precise identification of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) responsible for productive clinical infection could be instrumental in elucidating the molecular basis of HIV-1 transmission and in designing effective vaccines. Here, we developed a mathematical model of random viral evolution and, together with phylogenetic tree construction, used it to analyze 3,449 complete env sequences derived by single genome amplification from 102 subjects with acute HIV-1 (clade B) infection. Viral env genes evolving from individual transmitted or founder viruses generally exhibited a Poisson distribution of mutations and star-like phylogeny, which coalesced to an inferred consensus sequence at or near the estimated time of virus transmission. Overall, 78 of 102 subjects had evidence of productive clinical infection by a single virus, and 24 others had evidence of productive clinical infection by a minimum of two to five viruses. Phenotypic analysis of transmitted or early founder Envs revealed a consistent pattern of CCR5 dependence, masking of coreceptor binding regions, and equivalent or modestly enhanced resistance to the fusion inhibitor T1249 and broadly neutralizing antibodies compared with Envs from chronically infected subjects. Low multiplicity infection and limited viral evolution preceding peak viremia suggest a finite window of potential vulnerability of HIV-1 to vaccine-elicited immune responses, although phenotypic properties of transmitted Envs pose a formidable defense.
Improving Software Quality With Consideration Of Structural Complexity
Creators: name: Shafibegly, Azadeh
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1984

description: This dissertation identifies the difficulties involved in applying formal design methods to complex embedded computer systems and justifies the need for a complexity controlling decision method which is sufficiently general to cope with both hardware and software systems. The project introduces a new, rigorous, formally defined design method (SECCu), for the design of embedded computer systems. Examples of the use of SECCO 1S given to further demonstrate the power of SECCO, a new parallel language has been designed, called SKWIGGLE. The language 15 4 syntactically sugared subset of SECCO specifically intended Tor programming. ‘the abstract and concrete syntaxes, and axomatic and operational Semantics of the language, are presented.
title: Multiple Learner Systems Using Resampling Methods
Creators: name: Xie, Binyun
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: The N-Learners Problem deals with combining a number of learners such that the resultant system is "better", under some criterion, than the best of the individual learners. We consider a system of probably approximately correct concept learners. Depending on the available information, there are several methods to make the composite system better than the best of the individual learners. If a sample and an oracle that generates data points (but, not their classification) is available, then we show that we can achieve arbitrary levels of the normalized confidence of the composite system if (a) a robust learning algorithm is available, and (b) the hypothesis space of the fuser is "sufficiently rich". Our method consists of generating a suitable number of pseudo examples, and then performing another step of learning using the sample and the pseudo examples. This method, by restriction, can be used to boost the performance of a single PAC learner. Pseudo examples are generated by producing data points using the oracle and classifying them using the composite system.
Immunization by a bacterial aerosol
Creators: name: DeRousse, J.
name: Miller, R.
name: Fourie, P. B.
name: Goonesekera, S.
name: Muttil, P.
name: Elbert, K.
name: Garcia-Contreras, L.
name: Padilla, D.
name: Wong, Y.-L.
name: Edwards, D.
name: Sadoff, J.
name: Germishuizen, W. A.
name: Hickey, A.
name: Bloom, B. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: By manufacturing a single-particle system in two particulate forms (i.e., micrometer size and nanometer size), we have designed a bacterial vaccine form that exhibits improved efficacy of immunization. Microstructural properties are adapted to alter dispersive and aerosol properties independently. Dried “nanomicroparticle” vaccines possess two axes of nanoscale dimensions and a third axis of micrometer dimension; the last one permits effective micrometer-like physical dispersion, and the former provides alignment of the principal nanodimension particle axes with the direction of airflow. Particles formed with this combination of nano- and micrometer-scale dimensions possess a greater ability to aerosolize than particles of standard spherical isotropic shape and of similar geometric diameter. Here, we demonstrate effective application of this biomaterial by using the live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG). Prepared as a spray-dried nanomicroparticle aerosol, BCG vaccine exhibited high-efficiency delivery and peripheral lung targeting capacity from a low-cost and technically simple delivery system. Aerosol delivery of the BCG nanomicroparticle to normal guinea pigs subsequently challenged with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis significantly reduced bacterial burden and lung pathology both relative to untreated animals and to control animals immunized with the standard parenteral BCG.
Searches for $p_{\rm T}$ dependent fluctuations of flow angle and magnitude in Pb--Pb and p--Pb collisions
Creators: name: Zhou, You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic azimuthal correlations are used to probe the properties and the evolution of the system created in heavy-ion collisions. Two-particle azimuthal correlations were used in the searches of $p_{\rm T}$ dependent fluctuations of flow angle and magnitude, measured with the ALICE detector. The comparison of hydrodynamic calculations with measurements will also be presented in this proceedings.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of XXIV International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2014), May 19-24, 2014, Darmstadt
Incorrect nucleotide insertion at the active site of a G:A mismatch catalyzed by DNA polymerase
Creators: name: Wilson, S. H.
name: Pedersen, L. C.
name: Pedersen, L. G.
name: Beard, W. A.
name: Lin, P.
name: Batra, V. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Based on a recent ternary complex crystal structure of human DNA polymerase β with a G:A mismatch in the active site, we carried out a theoretical investigation of the catalytic mechanism of incorrect nucleotide incorporation using molecular dynamics simulation, quantum mechanics, combined quantum mechanics, and molecular mechanics methods. A two-stage mechanism is proposed with a nonreactive active-site structural rearrangement prechemistry step occurring before the nucleotidyl transfer reaction. The free energy required for formation of the prechemistry state is found to be the major factor contributing to the decrease in the rate of incorrect nucleotide incorporation compared with correct insertion and therefore to fidelity enhancement. Hence, the transition state and reaction barrier for phosphodiester bond formation after the prechemistry state are similar to that for correct insertion reaction. Key residues that provide electrostatic stabilization of the transition state are identified.
Caspar van Lissa resources
Creators: name: van Lissa, Caspar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Caspar van Lissa
c.j.vanlissa@tilburguniversity.edu
cjvanlissa on twitter
@cjvanlissa@mastodon.social
 
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/worcs/index.html
 
WORCS: A workflow for open reproducible code in science
https://content.iospress.com/articles/data-science/ds210031
 
Reproducible Research in R: A Tutorial on How to Do the Same Thing More Than Once
https://doi.org/10.3390/psych3040053
 
MARP contribution with preregistration-as-code:
Complementing preregistered confirmatory analyses with rigorous, reproducible exploration using machine learning
https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2070254
Increased amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and reward in mice overexpressing the dopamine transporter
Creators: name: Holmstrand, E.
name: Medvedev, I. O.
name: Murphy, K.
name: Nicholls, P. J.
name: Gainetdinov, R. R.
name: Wong, L.
name: Ghisi, V.
name: Caron, M. G.
name: Sotnikova, T. D.
name: Sesack, S. R.
name: Salahpour, A.
name: Kile, B.
name: Ramsey, A. J.
name: Wightman, R. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a key role in the regulation of dopaminergic signaling wherein it controls both the spatial and temporal actions of dopamine. Here we evaluated the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of increased DAT function by generating DAT transgenic mice (DAT-tg) that overexpress the transporter. These mice were generated by pronuclear injection of a bacterial artificial chromosome containing the mouse DAT locus, yielding an anatomical expression pattern of DAT-tg identical to WT. In DAT-tg mice there is a 3-fold increase in the levels of total and membrane-expressed DAT, but synaptic plasma membrane fractions of DAT-tg mice show only a 30% increase in transporter levels. Functional studies reveal that in the DAT-tg animals there is a 50% increase in the rate of dopamine (DA) uptake resulting in extracellular levels of DA that are decreased by ≈40%. Behaviorally, DAT-tg animals display similar locomotor stimulation when treated with DAT blockers such as GBR12909, methylphenidate, and cocaine. However, these mice demonstrate markedly increased locomotor responses to amphetamine compared with WT animals. Furthermore, compared with controls, there is a 3-fold greater increase in the amount of DA released by amphetamine in DAT-tg mice that correlates with the 3-fold increase in protein expression. Finally, DAT-tg animals show reduced operant responding for natural reward while displaying preference for amphetamine at much lower doses (0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg) than WT mice (2 mg/kg). These results suggest that overexpression of DAT leads to a marked increase in sensitivity to psychomotor and rewarding properties of amphetamine.
Many-body excitation spectra of trapped bosons with general interaction by linear response
Creators: name: Alon, Ofir E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear-response theory of the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons method for computing many-body excitations of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 88}, 023606 (2013)] is implemented for systems with general interparticle interaction. Illustrative numerical examples for repulsive and attractive bosons are provided. The many-body linear-response theory identifies the excitations not unraveled within Bogoliubov--de Gennes equations. The theory is herewith benchmarked against the exactly-solvable one-dimensional harmonic-interaction model. As a complementary result, we represent the theory in a compact block-diagonal form, opening up thereby an avenue for treating larger systems.
description: 11 pages, 2 tables
Mediator-assisted water oxidation by the ruthenium "blue dimer" cis,cis-[(bpy)2(H2O)RuORu(OH2)(bpy)2]4+
Creators: name: Meyer, T. J.
name: Templeton, J. L.
name: Concepcion, J. J.
name: Jurss, J. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Light-driven water oxidation occurs in oxygenic photosynthesis in photosystem II and provides redox equivalents directed to photosystem I, in which carbon dioxide is reduced. Water oxidation is also essential in artificial photosynthesis and solar fuel-forming reactions, such as water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen (2 H2O + 4 hν → O2 + 2 H2) or water reduction of CO2 to methanol (2 H2O + CO2 + 6 hν → CH3OH + 3/2 O2), or hydrocarbons, which could provide clean, renewable energy. The “blue ruthenium dimer,” cis,cis-[(bpy)2(H2O)RuIIIORuIII(OH2)(bpy)2]4+, was the first well characterized molecule to catalyze water oxidation. On the basis of recent insight into the mechanism, we have devised a strategy for enhancing catalytic rates by using kinetically facile electron-transfer mediators. Rate enhancements by factors of up to ≈30 have been obtained, and preliminary electrochemical experiments have demonstrated that mediator-assisted electrocatalytic water oxidation is also attainable.
Molecular architecture of G o and the structural basis for RGS16-mediated deactivation
Creators: name: Slep, K. C.
name: Sigler, P. B.
name: Chen, C.-K.
name: Kercher, M. A.
name: Wieland, T.
name: Simon, M. I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Heterotrimeric G proteins relay extracellular cues from heptahelical transmembrane receptors to downstream effector molecules. Composed of an α subunit with intrinsic GTPase activity and a βγ heterodimer, the trimeric complex dissociates upon receptor-mediated nucleotide exchange on the α subunit, enabling each component to engage downstream effector targets for either activation or inhibition as dictated in a particular pathway. To mitigate excessive effector engagement and concomitant signal transmission, the Gα subunit's intrinsic activation timer (the rate of GTP hydrolysis) is regulated spatially and temporally by a class of GTPase accelerating proteins (GAPs) known as the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family. The array of G protein-coupled receptors, Gα subunits, RGS proteins and downstream effectors in mammalian systems is vast. Understanding the molecular determinants of specificity is critical for a comprehensive mapping of the G protein system. Here, we present the 2.9 Å crystal structure of the enigmatic, neuronal G protein Gαo in the GTP hydrolytic transition state, complexed with RGS16. Comparison with the 1.89 Å structure of apo-RGS16, also presented here, reveals plasticity upon Gαo binding, the determinants for GAP activity, and the structurally unique features of Gαo that likely distinguish it physiologically from other members of the larger Gαi family, affording insight to receptor, GAP and effector specificity.
Mouse and human phenotypes indicate a critical conserved role for ERK2 signaling in neural crest development
Creators: name: Cherosky, N.
name: Wickramasinghe, R. S.
name: Wikenheiser, J.
name: Karlo, J. C.
name: Zhong, J.
name: Gargesha, M.
name: Ginty, D. D.
name: Saitta, S. C.
name: Samuels, I.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Doughman, Y. Q.
name: Li, X.
name: Watanabe, M.
name: Newbern, J.
name: Snider, W. D.
name: Landreth, G. E.
name: O'Loughlin, B.
name: Charron, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Disrupted ERK1/2 (MAPK3/MAPK1) MAPK signaling has been associated with several developmental syndromes in humans; however, mutations in ERK1 or ERK2 have not been described. We demonstrate haplo-insufficient ERK2 expression in patients with a novel ≈1 Mb micro-deletion in distal 22q11.2, a region that includes ERK2. These patients exhibit conotruncal and craniofacial anomalies that arise from perturbation of neural crest development and exhibit defects comparable to the DiGeorge syndrome spectrum. Remarkably, these defects are replicated in mice by conditional inactivation of ERK2 in the developing neural crest. Inactivation of upstream elements of the ERK cascade (B-Raf and C-Raf, MEK1 and MEK2) or a downstream effector, the transcription factor serum response factor resulted in analogous developmental defects. Our findings demonstrate that mammalian neural crest development is critically dependent on a RAF/MEK/ERK/serum response factor signaling pathway and suggest that the craniofacial and cardiac outflow tract defects observed in patients with a distal 22q11.2 micro-deletion are explained by deficiencies in neural crest autonomous ERK2 signaling.
Perturbations to $μ-τ$ Symmetry, Leptogenesis and Lepton Flavour Violation with Type II Seesaw
Creators: name: Borah, Manikanta
name: Borah, Debasish
name: Das, Mrinal Kumar
name: Patra, Sudhanwa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of generating non-zero reactor mixing angle $θ_{13}$ by perturbing the $μ-τ$ symmetric neutrino mass matrix. The leading order $μ-τ$ symmetric neutrino mass matrix originates from type I seesaw mechanism whereas the perturbations to $μ-τ$ symmetry originate from type II seesaw term. We consider four different realizations of $μ-τ$ symmetry: Bimaximal Mixing(BM), Tri-bimaximal Mixing (TBM), Hexagonal Mixing (HM) and Golden Ratio Mixing (GRM) all giving rise to $θ_{13} = 0, θ_{23} = \fracπ{4}$ but different non-zero values of solar mixing angle $θ_{12}$. We assume a minimal $μ-τ$ symmetry breaking type II seesaw mass matrix as a perturbation and calculate the neutrino oscillation parameters as a function of type II seesaw strength. We then consider the origin of non-trivial leptonic CP phase in the charged lepton sector and calculate the lepton asymmetry arising from the lightest right handed neutrino decay by incorporating the presence of both type I and type II seesaw. We constrain the type II seesaw strength as well as leptonic CP phase (and hence the charged lepton sector) by comparing our results with experimental neutrino oscillation parameters as well as Planck bound on baryon to photon ratio. Finally, we extend our analysis on lepton flavour violating decays like $μ\to e γ$ and $μ\to eee$ due to exchange of TeV scale Higgs triplet scalar within the low scale type II seesaw framework. The branching ratios for these lepton flavour processes are examined with the small type II perturbation term $ω$ and the estimated values are very close to the experimental bound coming from current search experiments.
description: v2: Added references, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1403.7636, arXiv:1303.1758
Myocardin inhibits cellular proliferation by inhibiting NF- B(p65)-dependent cell cycle progression
Creators: name: Selzman, C. H.
name: Stansfield, W. E.
name: Baldwin, A. S.
name: He, J.
name: Callis, T. E.
name: Zheng, X.-L.
name: Tang, R.-h.
name: Wang, D.-Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We previously reported the importance of the serum response factor (SRF) cofactor myocardin in controlling muscle gene expression as well as the fundamental role for the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in governing cellular fate. Inactivation of myocardin has been implicated in malignant tumor growth. However, the underlying mechanism of myocardin regulation of cellular growth remains unclear. Here we show that NF-κB(p65) represses myocardin activation of cardiac and smooth muscle genes in a CArG-box-dependent manner. Consistent with their functional interaction, p65 directly interacts with myocardin and inhibits the formation of the myocardin/SRF/CArG ternary complex in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, myocardin decreases p65-mediated target gene activation by interfering with p65 DNA binding and abrogates LPS-induced TNF-α expression. Importantly, myocardin inhibits cellular proliferation by interfering with NF-κB-dependent cell-cycle regulation. Cumulatively, these findings identify a function for myocardin as an SRF-independent transcriptional repressor and cell-cycle regulator and provide a molecular mechanism by which interaction between NF-κB and myocardin plays a central role in modulating cellular proliferation and differentiation.
Species separation and modification of neutron diagnostics in inertial-confinement fusion
Creators: name: Inglebert, Aurelie
name: Canaud, Benoit
name: Larroche, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The different behaviours of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) in the hot spot of marginally-igniting cryogenic DT inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) targets are investigated with an ion Fokker-Planck model. With respect to an equivalent single-species model, a higher density and a higher temperature are found for T in the stagnation phase of the target implosion. In addition, the stagnating hot spot is found to be less dense but hotter than in the single-species case. As a result, the fusion reaction yield in the hot spot is significantly increased. Fusion neutron diagnostics of the implosion find a larger ion temperature as deduced from DT reactions than from DD reactions, in good agreement with NIF experimental results. ICF target designs should thus definitely take ion-kinetic effects into account.
Phenylalanine-508 mediates a cytoplasmic-membrane domain contact in the CFTR 3D structure crucial to assembly and channel function
Creators: name: Serohijos, A. W. R.
name: Riordan, J. R.
name: Aleksandrov, A. A.
name: Dokholyan, N. V.
name: Cui, L.
name: He, L.
name: Hegedus, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Deletion of phenylalanine-508 (Phe-508) from the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, disrupts both its folding and function and causes most cystic fibrosis. Most mutant nascent chains do not pass quality control in the ER, and those that do remain thermally unstable, only partially functional, and are rapidly endocytosed and degraded. Although the lack of the Phe-508 peptide backbone diminishes the NBD1 folding yield, the absence of the aromatic side chain is primarily responsible for defective CFTR assembly and channel gating. However, the site of interdomain contact by the side chain is unknown as is the high-resolution 3D structure of the complete protein. Here we present a 3D structure of CFTR, constructed by molecular modeling and supported biochemically, in which Phe-508 mediates a tertiary interaction between the surface of NBD1 and a cytoplasmic loop (CL4) in the C-terminal membrane-spanning domain (MSD2). This crucial cytoplasmic membrane interface, which is dynamically involved in regulation of channel gating, explains the known sensitivity of CFTR assembly to many disease-associated mutations in CL4 as well as NBD1 and provides a sharply focused target for small molecules to treat CF. In addition to identifying a key intramolecular site to be repaired therapeutically, our findings advance understanding of CFTR structure and function and provide a platform for focused biochemical studies of other features of this unique ABC ion channel.
Spin-Ordered States in Multilayer Massless Dirac Fermion Systems
Creators: name: Kubo, Kenji
name: Morinari, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spin-ordered states in multilayer massless Dirac fermion systems under magnetic fields, in which the intralayer interaction is ferromagnetic owing to the exchange interaction, while the interlayer interaction is antiferromagnetic arising from the interlayer hopping and the on-site Coulomb repulsion. The possible spin-ordered states are examined within the mean field theory, and we apply it to alpha-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, which is a multilayer massless Dirac fermion system under pressure. In the weak interlayer coupling regime the system exhibits a ferromagnetically spin-ordered state with the effective Zeeman g-factor less than two contrasting to that observed in the single-layer graphene.
પશુચિકિત્સા અને પશુપાલન મહાવિદ્યાલય કામધેનુ યુનિવર્સિટી હિંમતનગર
Creators: name: ડો.સી.એમ.ભાડિેસયા,ડો.િહમાશંુઅસારી,ડો.ક.ેઆર.ચૌધરી,ડો.ἓ.એમ.ચૌધરી,ડો.ṑિિપટલે,ડો.કકશનકથીકરયા,ડો.અકદિતપટલે,ડો.વિૃિપટલે,ડો.ભાગવગસગર, ṝીહષગ Ṕἒપિતઅનેṝી Ṓમુીન પટલ
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: સમṂિવὴવમાં આજે િવિવધ Ṕકારના પાલતું પશુઓ,પ᷵ીઓઅને Ṕાણીઓ રાખવામાં આવે છે.પાલતુંṔાણીઓની હરોળમાંὴવાન(કુતરા)Ṕથમઆવે છે ḁયારબાદિબલાડીઅનેઅḍયṔાણીઓ/પ᷵ીઓનો Ṁમાંકઆવે છે.ભારતમાંરાખવામાંઆવતામુ᷻યપાલતુંṔાણીઓકેજેને‘પેટએિનમલ’અથવા‘કḒપેનીયનએિનમલ’કહેછેતેમાનીએક િબલાડી પણ છે.અમુકધાἿમગકમાḍયતાઓમુજબિબલાડીનેપિવṏṔાણીતરીકેપણરાખવામાંઆવેછેઅનેતેનીમાવજતકરવામાંઆવેછે.લોકોિબલાડીઓની Ṕમાિણતિવલાયતીનસલ(દા.ત.,પἿશગયન)તથાદેશી િબલાડીઓ પણ એક પેટ એિનમલ તરીકે ઘરમાં રાખતા હોય છે.ઘેરકે અḍય જ᷼યાએ પાલતુંṔાણીતરીકેરાખેલ િબલાડીઓનુંḚવાḚ્ય તેની માવજત પરસીધીરીતેનભે છે.
Redirecting the substrate specificity of heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase by structurally guided mutagenesis
Creators: name: Pedersen, L. C.
name: Liu, J.
name: Bethea, H. N.
name: Xu, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Heparan sulfate (HS) is a polysaccharide involved in essential physiological functions from regulating cell growth to blood coagulation. HS biosynthesis involves multiple specialized sulfotransferases such as 2-O-sulfotransferase (2OST) that transfers the sulfo group to the 2-OH position of iduronic acid (IdoA) or glucuronic acid (GlcA) within HS. Here, we report the homotrimeric crystal structure of 2OST from chicken, in complex with 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate. Structural based mutational analysis has identified amino acid residues that are responsible for substrate specificity. The mutant R189A only transferred sulfates to GlcA moieties within the polysaccharide whereas mutants Y94A and H106A preferentially transferred sulfates to IdoA units. Our results demonstrate the feasibility for manipulating the substrate specificity of 2OST to synthesize HS with unique sulfation patterns. This work will aid the development of an enzymatic approach to synthesize heparin-based therapeutics.
Semaphorin 6D regulates the late phase of CD4+ T cell primary immune responses
Creators: name: Moore, C. B.
name: Fabry, Z.
name: Roney, K. E.
name: Iocca, H. A.
name: O'Connor, B. P.
name: Ting, J. P.-Y.
name: Holl, E. K.
name: Wu, Q. P.
name: Lich, J. D.
name: Eun, S.-Y.
name: Zozulya, A. L.
name: van Deventer, H. W.
name: Ye, Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The semaphorin and plexin family of ligand and receptor proteins provides important axon guidance cues required for development. Recent studies have expanded the role of semaphorins and plexins in the regulation of cardiac, circulatory and immune system function. Within the immune system, semaphorins and plexins regulate cell–cell interactions through a complex network of receptor and ligand pairs. Immune cells at different stages of development often express multiple semaphorins and plexins, leading to multivariate interactions, involving more than one ligand and receptor within each functional group. Because of this complexity, the significance of semaphorin and plexin regulation on individual immune cell types has yet to be fully appreciated. In this work, we examined the regulation of T cells by semaphorin 6D. Both in vitro and in vivo T cell stimulation enhanced semaphorin 6D expression. However, semaphorin 6D was only expressed by a majority of T cells during the late phases of activation. Consequently, the targeted disruption of semaphorin 6D receptor–ligand interactions inhibited T cell proliferation at late but not early phases of activation. This proliferation defect was associated with reduced linker of activated T cells protein phosphorylation, which may reflect semaphorin 6D regulation of c-Abl kinase activity. Semaphorin 6D disruption also inhibited expression of CD127, which is required during the multiphase antigen-presenting cell and T cell interactions leading to selection of long-lived lymphocytes. This work reveals a role for semaphorin 6D as a regulator of the late phase of primary immune responses.
Measuring growth index in a universe with sterile neutrinos
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Li, Yun-He
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consistency tests for the general relativity (GR) can be performed by constraining the growth index $γ$ using the measurements of redshift-space distortions (RSD) in conjunction with other observations. In previous studies, deviations from the GR expected value of $γ\approx 0.55$ at the 2--3$σ$ level were found. In this work, we reconsider the measurement of $γ$ in a universe with sterile neutrinos. We constrain the sterile neutrino cosmological model using the RSD measurements combined with the cosmic microwave background data (Planck temperature data plus WMAP 9-yr polarization data), the baryon acoustic oscillation data, the Hubble constant direct measurement, the Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts data, and the galaxy shear data. We obtain the constraint result of the growth index, $γ=0.584^{+0.047}_{-0.048}$, well consistent with the GR expected value (the consistency is at the 0.6$σ$ level). For the parameters of sterile neutrino, we obtain $N_{\rm{eff}}=3.62^{+0.26}_{-0.42}$ and $m_{ν,{\rm{sterile}}}^{\rm{eff}}=0.48^{+0.11}_{-0.14}$ eV. We also consider the BICEP2 data and perform an analysis on the model with tensor modes. Similar fit results are obtained, showing that once light sterile neutrino is considered in the universe, GR will become well consistent with the current observations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Sox2 signaling in prosensory domain specification and subsequent hair cell differentiation in the developing cochlea
Creators: name: Cheah, K. S. E.
name: Pevny, L. H.
name: Kelley, M. W.
name: Jones, J. M.
name: Dabdoub, A.
name: Fritzsch, B.
name: Puligilla, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Sox2 is a high-mobility transcription factor that is one of the earliest markers of developing inner ear prosensory domains. In humans, mutations in SOX2 cause sensorineural hearing loss and a loss of function study in mice showed that Sox2 is required for prosensory formation in the cochlea. However, the specific roles of Sox2 have not been determined. Here we illustrate a dynamic role of Sox2 as an early permissive factor in prosensory domain formation followed by a mutually antagonistic relationship with Atoh1, a bHLH protein necessary for hair cell development. We demonstrate that decreased levels of Sox2 result in precocious hair cell differentiation and an over production of inner hair cells and that these effects are likely mediated through an antagonistic interaction between Sox2 and the bHLH molecule Atoh1. Using gain- and loss-of-function experiments we provide evidence for the molecular pathway responsible for the formation of the cochlear prosensory domain. Sox2 expression is promoted by Notch signaling and Prox1, a homeobox transcription factor, is a downstream target of Sox2. These results demonstrate crucial and diverse roles for Sox2 in the development, specification, and maintenance of sensory cells within the cochlea.
Staged assembly of histone gene expression machinery at subnuclear foci in the abbreviated cell cycle of human embryonic stem cells
Creators: name: Lian, J. B.
name: van Wijnen, A. J.
name: Yang, X.-c.
name: Stein, G. S.
name: Ghule, P. N.
name: Becker, K. A.
name: Dominski, Z.
name: Stein, J. L.
name: Harper, J. W.
name: Marzluff, W. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have an abbreviated G1 phase of the cell cycle. How cells expedite G1 events that are required for the initiation of S phase has not been resolved. One key regulatory pathway that controls G1/S-phase transition is the cyclin E/CDK2-dependent activation of the coactivator protein nuclear protein, ataxia–telangiectasia locus/histone nuclear factor-P (p220NPAT/HiNF-P) complex that induces histone gene transcription. In this study, we use the subnuclear organization of factors controlling histone gene expression to define mechanistic differences in the G1 phase of hES and somatic cells using in situ immunofluorescence microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We show that histone gene expression is supported by the staged assembly and modification of a unique subnuclear structure that coordinates initiation and processing of transcripts originating from histone gene loci. Our results demonstrate that regulatory complexes that mediate transcriptional initiation (e.g., p220NPAT) and 3′-end processing (e.g., Lsm10, Lsm11, and SLBP) of histone gene transcripts colocalize at histone gene loci in dedicated subnuclear foci (histone locus bodies) that are distinct from Cajal bodies. Although appearance of CDK2-phosphorylated p220NPAT in these domains occurs at the time of S-phase entry, histone locus bodies are formed ≈1 to 2 h before S phase in embryonic cells but 6 h before S phase in somatic cells. These temporal differences in the formation of histone locus bodies suggest that the G1 phase of the cell cycle in hES cells is abbreviated in part by contraction of late G1.
Structural diversity in the RGS domain and its interaction with heterotrimeric G protein  -subunits
Creators: name: Turnbull, A. P.
name: Kimple, A. J.
name: Siderovski, D. P.
name: Fedorov, O. Y.
name: Doyle, D. A.
name: Schoch, G. A.
name: Sundstrom, M.
name: Ball, L. J.
name: Hutsell, S. Q.
name: Dowler, E. F.
name: Willard, F. S.
name: Higman, V. A.
name: Soundararajan, M.
name: Gileadi, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins accelerate GTP hydrolysis by Gα subunits and thus facilitate termination of signaling initiated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RGS proteins hold great promise as disease intervention points, given their signature role as negative regulators of GPCRs—receptors to which the largest fraction of approved medications are currently directed. RGS proteins share a hallmark RGS domain that interacts most avidly with Gα when in its transition state for GTP hydrolysis; by binding and stabilizing switch regions I and II of Gα, RGS domain binding consequently accelerates Gα-mediated GTP hydrolysis. The human genome encodes more than three dozen RGS domain-containing proteins with varied Gα substrate specificities. To facilitate their exploitation as drug-discovery targets, we have taken a systematic structural biology approach toward cataloging the structural diversity present among RGS domains and identifying molecular determinants of their differential Gα selectivities. Here, we determined 14 structures derived from NMR and x-ray crystallography of members of the R4, R7, R12, and RZ subfamilies of RGS proteins, including 10 uncomplexed RGS domains and 4 RGS domain/Gα complexes. Heterogeneity observed in the structural architecture of the RGS domain, as well as in engagement of switch III and the all-helical domain of the Gα substrate, suggests that unique structural determinants specific to particular RGS protein/Gα pairings exist and could be used to achieve selective inhibition by small molecules.
Targeted deletion of Dicer in the heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure
Creators: name: Patterson, C.
name: Murchison, E. P.
name: Chen, J.-F.
name: Tatsuguchi, M.
name: Deng, Z.
name: Hammond, S. M.
name: Callis, T. E.
name: Selzman, C. H.
name: Hannon, G. J.
name: Meissner, G.
name: Tang, R.
name: Schneider, M. D.
name: Rojas, M.
name: Wang, D.-Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human morbidity and mortality. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of cardiomyopathy associated with heart failure. Here, we report that cardiac-specific knockout of Dicer, a gene encoding a RNase III endonuclease essential for microRNA (miRNA) processing, leads to rapidly progressive DCM, heart failure, and postnatal lethality. Dicer mutant mice show misexpression of cardiac contractile proteins and profound sarcomere disarray. Functional analyses indicate significantly reduced heart rates and decreased fractional shortening of Dicer mutant hearts. Consistent with the role of Dicer in animal hearts, Dicer expression was decreased in end-stage human DCM and failing hearts and, most importantly, a significant increase of Dicer expression was observed in those hearts after left ventricle assist devices were inserted to improve cardiac function. Together, our studies demonstrate essential roles for Dicer in cardiac contraction and indicate that miRNAs play critical roles in normal cardiac function and under pathological conditions.
Geometric design IV GEDE4P2
Creators: name: Ngobeni, Thabo Stephen
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Subject : Geometric design IV Subject code : GEDE4P2 Course : B.Tech Engineering: Civil Examiner : Mr T Ngobeni Moderator : Mr Nhawu Date : November 2019
title: Cours d'Énergétique Avancé - Notions fondamentales
Creators: name: CHEVALIER Stéphane
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analyses énergétique et exercice des systèmes et des sites
subject: Technologies vertes

description: Ce document de synthèse d'énergétique avancé vient en complément des supports de cours donnés sous forme de diaporama. Il a pour but d'approfondir et de clarifier certaines notions qui ne seraient pas vues durant le cours. Ce dernier se focalisant plutôt sur des exemples d'application et les méthodologies de résolution de problèmes d'énergétique. Ainsi, il est conseillé de lire et de suivre l'ensemble du diaporama dans un premier temps, puis de compléter la lecture du cours avec le présent document lors des EDs.
description: Ce document de synthèse d'énergétique avancé vient en complément des supports de cours donnés sous forme de diaporama. Il a pour but d'approfondir et de clarifier certaines notions qui ne seraient pas vues durant le cours. Ce dernier se focalisant plutôt sur des exemples d'application et les méthodologies de résolution de problèmes d'énergétique. Ainsi, il est conseillé de lire et de suivre l'ensemble du diaporama dans un premier temps, puis de compléter la lecture du cours avec le présent document lors des EDs.
description: Master
description: Présentiel
Open Data Cube - Spectral Products
Creators: name: CEOS SEO/AMA
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022

description: Spectral Products
Spectral Index algorithms calculate the relative magnitudes of wavelength components. The particular wavelength components used determine the product calculated. The example Notebook and tutorial here cover the following algorithms:

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Represents the density of green (vegetation) on a patch of land. The pigment in plant leaves, chlorophyll, strongly absorbs visible light (from 0.4 to 0.7 µm) for use in photosynthesis. The cell structure of the leaves, on the other hand, strongly reflects near-infrared light (from 0.7 to 1.1 µm). The more leaves a plant has, the more these wavelengths of light are affected, respectively. NDVI = (NIR – Red) / (NIR + Red).

Normalized Difference Buildup Index (NDBI)
A common index for detecting urbanization, where NDBI = (SWIR1 – NIR) / (SWIR1 + NIR). This index is similar to NBR (below).

Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR)
Similar to NDBI (reverse sign), this index is used to estimate burn severity. NBR = (NIR – SWIR1) / (NIR + SWIR1). Typical values are: <-0.1 for post fire regrowth, -0.1 to +0.1 for unburned, 0.1 to 0.27 for low-severity burn, 0.27 to 0.66 for moderate severity burn, and >0.66 for high severity burn.

Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)
A common index for detecting water, where NDWI = (Green – NIR) / (Green + NIR).

Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI) or Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI)
A common index for detecting water (mNDWI) or snow (NDSI), where mNDWI = NDSI = (Green – SWIR1) / (Green + SWIR1).

Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI)
A vegetation index adjusted for soil response, where SAVI = (NIR – Red) / (NIR + Red + 0.5)*1.5.

Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
An "optimized" vegetation index designed to enhance the vegetation signal with improved sensitivity in high biomass regions. Landsat EVI = 2.5 * (NIR – Red) / ( NIR + 6*Red – 7.5*Blue + 1).

Fractional Cover (FC)
Estimates the average vegetation fractional cover using a linear un-mixing technique developed by Juan P. Guerschman (CSIRO). Each pixel is classified as a fraction of bare soil (BS), photosynthetic vegetation (PV), and non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV).

Spectral Variability Vegetation Index (SVVI)
An index by Lloyd Coulter (San Diego State University) based on the standard deviation of a Landsat 7 time series mosaic, where SVVI = STD (1,2,3,4,5,7) – STD (4,5,7). This algorithm has been used to detect forests and agriculture.
The effect of particle design on cellular internalization pathways
Creators: name: Madden, V. J.
name: Pohlhaus, P. D.
name: DeSimone, J. M.
name: Napier, M. E.
name: Luft, J. C.
name: Ropp, P. A.
name: Gratton, S. E. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The interaction of particles with cells is known to be strongly influenced by particle size, but little is known about the interdependent role that size, shape, and surface chemistry have on cellular internalization and intracellular trafficking. We report on the internalization of specially designed, monodisperse hydrogel particles into HeLa cells as a function of size, shape, and surface charge. We employ a top-down particle fabrication technique called PRINT that is able to generate uniform populations of organic micro- and nanoparticles with complete control of size, shape, and surface chemistry. Evidence of particle internalization was obtained by using conventional biological techniques and transmission electron microscopy. These findings suggest that HeLa cells readily internalize nonspherical particles with dimensions as large as 3 μm by using several different mechanisms of endocytosis. Moreover, it was found that rod-like particles enjoy an appreciable advantage when it comes to internalization rates, reminiscent of the advantage that many rod-like bacteria have for internalization in nonphagocytic cells.
Depth dependence of the ionization energy of shallow hydrogen states in ZnO and CdS
Creators: name: Prokscha, T.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Morenzoni, E.
name: Nieuwenhuys, G. J.
name: Suter, A.
name: Döbeli, M.
name: Horisberger, M.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characteristics of shallow hydrogen-like muonium (Mu) states in nominally undoped ZnO and CdS (0001) crystals have been studied close to the surface at depths in the range of 10 nm - 180 nm by using low-energy muons, and in the bulk using conventional muSR. The muon implantation depths are adjusted by tuning the energy of the low-energy muons between 2.5 keV and 30 keV. We find that the bulk ionization energy of the shallow donor-like Mu state is lowered by about 10 meV at a depth of 100 nm, and continuously decreasing on approaching the surface. At a depth of about 10 nm the ionization energy is further reduced by 25-30 meV compared to its bulk value. We attribute this change to the presence of electric fields due to band bending close to the surface, and we determine the depth profile of the electric field within a simple one-dimensional model.
Hydraulics IV HYDR4P2
Creators: name: Valentyn, Brendin
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Subject : Hydraulics IV Subject code : HYDR4P2 Course : B.Tech Engineering: Civil Examiner : Mr BE Valentyn Moderator : Mr J Petzer, PR Eng. Date : November 2019
Ultrathin self-assembled fibrin sheets
Creators: name: Taylor, R. M.
name: Superfine, R.
name: O'Brien, E. T.
name: Millard, D.
name: Falvo, M. R.
name: Eastwood, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Fibrin polymerizes into the fibrous network that is the major structural component of blood clots and thrombi. We demonstrate that fibrin from three different species can also spontaneously polymerize into extensive, molecularly thin, 2D sheets. Sheet assembly occurs in physiologic buffers on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, but is routinely observed only when polymerized using very low concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin. Sheets may have been missed in previous studies because they may be very short-lived at higher concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin, and their thinness makes them very difficult to detect. We were able to distinguish fluorescently labeled fibrin sheets by polymerizing fibrin onto micro-patterned structured surfaces that suspended polymers 10 μm above and parallel to the cover-glass surface. We used a combined fluorescence/atomic force microscope system to determine that sheets were ≈5 nm thick, flat, elastic and mechanically continuous. Video microscopy of assembling sheets showed that they could polymerize across 25-μm channels at hundreds of μm2/sec (≈1013 subunits/s·M), an apparent rate constant many times greater than those of other protein polymers. Structural transitions from sheets to fibers were observed by fluorescence, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. Sheets appeared to fold and roll up into larger fibers, and also to develop oval holes to form fiber networks that were “pre-attached” to the substrate and other fibers. We propose a model of fiber formation from sheets and compare it with current models of end-wise polymerization from protofibrils. Sheets could be an unanticipated factor in clot formation and adhesion in vivo, and are a unique material in their own right.