cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Effect of Three Classroom Research Experiences on Science Attitudes
Creators: name: Lucas, Lauren K
name: Hunter, Frances K
name: Gompert, Zachariah
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2020

description: Here we evaluate undergraduate student attitudes about science after each of three authentic research experiences in a semester of an introductory biology laboratory course at Utah State University. The three course-based research experiences (CUREs) vary in length and student freedom, and they cover different areas of biology. Students responded to the science attitude items of the CURE Survey. When compared to national data, our students faired similarly, and all students struggled with certain epistemic assumptions about science knowledge. As also seen in the national database, change in science attitude was slight and nonlinear. Student self confidence in what a career scientist is and in scientific process skills was the best predictor of scientific maturity, not the three CUREs or other aspects of students’ background. We discuss the slight positive and negative change in attitude we did influence, and we note that most students would choose to have another research experience.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Information Diffusion over Social Networks
Creators: name: Jiang, Chunxiao
name: Chen, Yan
name: Liu, K. J. Ray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current social networks are of extremely large-scale generating tremendous information flows at every moment. How information diffuse over social networks has attracted much attention from both industry and academics. Most of the existing works on information diffusion analysis are based on machine learning methods focusing on social network structure analysis and empirical data mining. However, the dynamics of information diffusion, which are heavily influenced by network users' decisions, actions and their socio-economic interactions, is generally ignored by most of existing works. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary game theoretic framework to model the dynamic information diffusion process in social networks. Specifically, we derive the information diffusion dynamics in complete networks, uniform degree and non-uniform degree networks, with the highlight of two special networks, Erdős-Rényi random network and the Barabási-Albert scale-free network. We find that the dynamics of information diffusion over these three kinds of networks are scale-free and the same with each other when the network scale is sufficiently large. To verify our theoretical analysis, we perform simulations for the information diffusion over synthetic networks and real-world Facebook networks. Moreover, we also conduct experiment on Twitter hashtags dataset, which shows that the proposed game theoretic model can well fit and predict the information diffusion over real social networks.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1309.2920
Deposition of thin silicon layers on transferred large area CVD graphene
Creators: name: Lupina, Grzegorz
name: Kitzmann, Julia
name: Lukosius, Mindaugas
name: Dabrowski, Jarek
name: Wolff, Andre
name: Mehr, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical vapor deposition of Si onto transferred graphene is investigated. At elevated temperatures, Si nucleates preferably on wrinkles and multilayer graphene islands. In some cases, however, Si can be quasi-selectively grown only on the monolayer graphene regions while the multilayer islands remain uncovered. Experimental insights and ab initio calculations show that variations in the removal efficiency of carbon residuals after the transfer process can be responsible for this behavior. Low-temperature Si seed layer results in improved wetting and enables homogeneous growth. This is an important step towards realization of electronic devices in which graphene is embedded between two Si layers.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Supplementary Tables 1-6 from Using inbreeding to test the contribution of non-additive genetic effects to additive genetic variance: a case study in Drosophila serrata
Creators: name: Dugand, Robert J.
name: Blows, Mark W.
name: McGuigan, Katrina
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Additive genetic variance, VA, is the key parameter for predicting adaptive and neutral phenotypic evolution. Changes in demography (e.g. increased close-relative inbreeding) can alter VA, but how they do so depends on the (typically unknown) gene action and allele frequencies across many loci. For example, VA increases proportionally with the inbreeding coefficient when allelic effects are additive, but smaller (or larger) increases can occur when allele frequencies are unequal at causal loci with dominance effects. Here, we describe an experimental approach to assess the potential for dominance effects to deflate VA under inbreeding. Applying a powerful paired pedigree design in Drosophila serrata, we measured 11 wing traits on half-sibling families bred via either random or sibling mating, differing only in homozygosity (not allele frequency). Despite close inbreeding and substantial power to detect small VA, we detected no deviation from the expected additive effect of inbreeding on genetic (co)variances. Our results suggest the average dominance coefficient is very small relative to the additive effect, or that allele frequencies are relatively equal at loci affecting wing traits. We outline the further opportunities for this paired pedigree approach to reveal the characteristics of VA, providing insight into historical selection and future evolutionary potential.
Timelike Compton scattering with a linearly polarized photon beam
Creators: name: Goritschnig, A. T.
name: Pire, B.
name: Wagner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the timelike virtual Compton scattering process with a linearly polarized photon beam, in the generalized Bjorken scaling region and in the medium energy range which will be studied intensely at JLab12 experiments. We define new observables and show how they should help to access the polarized quark and gluon generalized parton distributions.
AI Methods in Algorithmic Composition: A Comprehensive Survey
Creators: name: Fernandez, Jose David
name: Vico, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Algorithmic composition is the partial or total automation of the process of music composition by using computers. Since the 1950s, different computational techniques related to Artificial Intelligence have been used for algorithmic composition, including grammatical representations, probabilistic methods, neural networks, symbolic rule-based systems, constraint programming and evolutionary algorithms. This survey aims to be a comprehensive account of research on algorithmic composition, presenting a thorough view of the field for researchers in Artificial Intelligence.
Characterization of the gas density fluctuations in the X-COP cluster sample
Creators: name: Dupourqué, Simon
name: Pointecouteau, Etienne
name: Clerc, Nicolas
name: Eckert, Dominique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Clusters of galaxies accrete gas, galaxies, and substructures from their larger surroundings. This accretion process induces many shocks at all scales that heat the gas and generate perturbations, from which we expect the emergence of turbulent processes that will contribute to the thermalization of the whole intracluster medium (ICM). The characterization of these turbulent processes provides information on the history of the dynamic assembly of these massive halos. It can be done indirectly by studying the fluctuations of surface brightness at X-ray wavelengths. We have focused our work on a pilot sample of nearby clusters, the X-COP sample, to develop an analysis method that accounts for the stochastic nature of the process through the computation of a comprehensive error budget, under the assumption that density fluctuations originate from turbulent motions. We present the results of our analysis and the constraints we obtained for the parameters characterizing the turbulent cascade. We compare our results to other probes of the dynamical scales of galaxy clusters. Finally, we put the statistical analysis on the X-COP sample in perspective of larger and widely distributed samples such has CHEX-MATE.
description: This work was granted access to the HPC resources of CALMIP supercomputing center under the allocation 2022-22052.
Transformation Optics scheme for two-dimensional materials
Creators: name: Kumar, Anshuman
name: Fung, Kin Hung
name: Reid, M. T. Homer
name: Fang, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two dimensional optical materials, such as graphene can be characterized by a surface conductivity. So far, the transformation optics schemes have focused on three dimensional properties such as permittivity $ε$ and permeability $μ$. In this paper, we use a scheme for transforming surface currents to highlight that the surface conductivity transforms in a way different from $ε$ and $μ$. We use this surface conductivity transformation to demonstrate an example problem of reducing scattering of plasmon mode from sharp protrusions in graphene.
title: Towards a Greater Understanding of Ageing within the Cardiovascular System: Unravelling the Impact of Doxorubicin-Induced Ageing in Cardiovascular Cells and the Therapeutic Potential of NRF2 Activation and Senolytics
Creators: name: Bentley, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2025

description: Cardiovascular ageing is exacerbated by factors such as oxidative stress and high glucose levels, significantly contributes to age-related diseases. We aimed to elucidate potential therapeutic interventions for age-related cardiovascular disorders by investigating the effects of sub-toxic concentrations of doxorubicin on cardiac cells and evaluating the efficacy of two compounds, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-oleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO) and fisetin, in mitigating age-related markers, particularly in high glucose conditions.

Initial experiments exposed human cardiac cell lines AC16 cells, and human cardiac fibroblasts (hcFB), and human cardiac endothelial cells (hCMEC), to sub-toxic doxorubicin concentrations under both low and high glucose conditions. Cells cultured in high glucose environments exhibited accelerated ageing and increased senescent markers compared to those in low glucose conditions. Subsequent treatment with CDDO and fisetin demonstrated a reduction in senescence markers in both low and high glucose conditions, indicating their potential as therapeutic agents for age-related cardiovascular diseases, even in high glucose environments. To enhance the physiological relevance of our model, we transitioned from traditional 2D cell cultures to a 3D tri-culture system incorporating iPSC-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (iPSC-ACMs), hcFBs, and hCMECs. This tri-culture system better emulated the complexity of the cardiovascular system in vivo. Notably, the iPSC-ACM tri-culture spheroids exhibited reduced senescence and functional changes in both low and high glucose conditions, providing valuable insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for age-related cardiovascular disorders in varying metabolic environments. Functional analysis, particularly through calcium signalling, revealed dynamic changes in calcium transients, indicative of age-related functional alterations in cardiomyocytes. These findings underscore the importance of developing more physiologically relevant models to accurately study age-related cardiovascular diseases and evaluate potential therapeutic strategies, particularly in the context of high glucose.

In summary, our study highlights the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and high glucose levels on the cardiovascular system and identifies promising therapeutic avenues for mitigating age-related cardiovascular dysfunction, even in metabolically challenging environments. By leveraging advanced cell culture techniques and incorporating iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes into a tri-culture system, we offer valuable insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for age-related cardiovascular disorders in diverse metabolic conditions.
Structure of classical (finite and affine) W-algebras
Creators: name: De Sole, Alberto
name: Kac, Victor G.
name: Valeri, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 17B63, Secondary 17B69, 17B80, 37K30, 17B08

description: First, we derive an explicit formula for the Poisson bracket of the classical finite W-algebra W^{fin}(g,f), the algebra of polynomial functions on the Slodowy slice associated to a simple Lie algebra g and its nilpotent element f. On the other hand, we produce an explicit set of generators and we derive an explicit formula for the Poisson vertex algebra structure of the classical affine W-algebra W(g,f). As an immediate consequence, we obtain a Poisson algebra isomorphism between W^{fin}(g,f) and the Zhu algebra of W(g,f). We also study the generalized Miura map for classical W-algebras.
description: 4 pages
Mean Value Theorems for L-functions over Prime Polynomials for the Rational Function Field
Creators: name: Andrade, Julio C.
name: Keating, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G20(Primary), 11M38, 11M50, 14G10(Secondary)

description: The first and second moments are established for the family of quadratic Dirichlet $L$--functions over the rational function field at the central point $s=\tfrac{1}{2}$ where the character $χ$ is defined by the Legendre symbol for polynomials over finite fields and runs over all monic irreducible polynomials $P$ of a given odd degree. Asymptotic formulae are derived for fixed finite fields when the degree of $P$ is large. The first moment obtained here is the function field analogue of a result due to Jutila in the number--field setting. The approach is based on classical analytical methods and relies on the use of the analogue of the approximate functional equation for these $L$--functions.
description: 17 pages
Normative_Incongruence_between_EU_Norms and the Albanian Political Elite- Explaining the Limited Effectivness of EU Democratic Conditionality.pdf
Creators: name: Lleshi, Sokol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160603 Comparative Government and Politics
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: 160509 Public Administration
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: 160805 Social Change
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The political project of integrating into the EU and of ‘returning’ to Europe after the fall of the communist regimes has been a shared goal of the post-communist countries in East Central Europe, including Albania. The initial waves of enlargement that incorporated the post-authoritarian societies of Spain, Portugal and later Greece buttressed to some extent the legitimacy of the democratic transitions in these countries. Yet, a more coherent and explicit EU policy with regard to enlargement and the coupling of EU integration with certain concrete political, economic and social criteria, known as the Copenhagen criteria, appeared after the regime transitions in post-communist East Central Europe. The Copenhagen criteria became the cornerstone of what is known in the Europeanization literature as the EU conditionality effect relying on a combination of the EU normative ‘soft’ power and withdrawal of the EU membership promise if prompted by domestic conditions or when necessary. During the latest waves of the EU enlargement in East Central Europe, the EU has been effective in countervailing the authoritarian tendencies in post-communist ECE such as in the case of the Meciar’s rule in Slovakia by postponing the reward of full membership and supporting and galvanizing the domestic transformations triggered by the civil society and the political opposition there. In most of the cases the European Union has conceived of the conditionality policy as an effect of the soft power. In this paper I argue that the effect of EU political conditionality in transforming the features of the polity of the Albanian post-communist regime is less effective and successful. A different mechanism of making effective the political conditionality would be more appropriate. Rather than having as main and the only interlocutors the political elite and representative of state institutions, the EU representatives could consider incorporating pertinent local societal actors of the aspiring EU accession country.
A robust method for calculating interface curvature and normal vectors using an extracted local level set
Creators: name: Ervik, Åsmund
name: Lervåg, Karl Yngve
name: Munkejord, Svend Tollak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The level-set method is a popular interface tracking method in two-phase flow simulations. An often-cited reason for using it is that the method naturally handles topological changes in the interface, e.g. merging drops, due to the implicit formulation. It is also said that the interface curvature and normal vectors are easily calculated. This last point is not, however, the case in the moments during a topological change, as several authors have already pointed out. Various methods have been employed to circumvent the problem. In this paper, we present a new such method which retains the implicit level-set representation of the surface and handles general interface configurations. It is demonstrated that the method extends easily to 3D. The method is validated on static interface configurations, and then applied to two-phase flow simulations where the method outperforms the standard method and the results agree well with experiments.
description: 31 pages, 18 figures
Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Associated with Estimates of Myocardial Perfusion: Influence of Age and Sex
Creators: name: Carlini, Nicholas
name: Cloud, Ryan
name: Harber, Matthew
name: Fleenor, Brad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) decline with age and predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in a sex-dependent manner. However, the relation between CRF and SEVR in apparently healthy males and females across the age span is largely unknown. We hypothesized higher CRF is associated with greater SEVR in older females, but not males. Two hundred and sixty-two (126M/136F, age range 20-84 yr) participants underwent measures of CRF (maximal O2 consumption [VO2max]) and SEVR (pulse wave analysis, PWA). A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences in baseline characteristics between younger (<45 y) and middle-aged and older (MA/O, ≥45 y) males and females. Bivariate correlations assessed the relation between CRF, SEVR, and age in males and females. Partial correlations adjusted for CVD risk factors and medications. MA/O females had the lowest CRF and SEVR compared to all other groups (p<0.05, both). SEVR was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.29) and positively correlated with CRF (r=0.53) in females (p<0.05, both) which persisted after controlling for CVD risk factors and medications (p<0.05, all). SEVR was correlated with CRF in males only after adjusting for CVD risk factors and medications (r=0.26, p<0.05). These findings collectively demonstrate higher CRF is associated with greater SEVR in males and females after adjusting for CVD risk factors and medications, therefore highlighting subtle sex-specific nuances which warrant further investigation.
Topic Segmentation and Labeling in Asynchronous Conversations
Creators: name: Joty, Shafiq Rayhan
name: Carenini, Giuseppe
name: Ng, Raymond T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Topic segmentation and labeling is often considered a prerequisite for higher-level conversation analysis and has been shown to be useful in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. We present two new corpora of email and blog conversations annotated with topics, and evaluate annotator reliability for the segmentation and labeling tasks in these asynchronous conversations. We propose a complete computational framework for topic segmentation and labeling in asynchronous conversations. Our approach extends state-of-the-art methods by considering a fine-grained structure of an asynchronous conversation, along with other conversational features by applying recent graph-based methods for NLP. For topic segmentation, we propose two novel unsupervised models that exploit the fine-grained conversational structure, and a novel graph-theoretic supervised model that combines lexical, conversational and topic features. For topic labeling, we propose two novel (unsupervised) random walk models that respectively capture conversation specific clues from two different sources: the leading sentences and the fine-grained conversational structure. Empirical evaluation shows that the segmentation and the labeling performed by our best models beat the state-of-the-art, and are highly correlated with human annotations.
Smart Search: Investigations into human visual search in structured environments
Creators: name: Thorat, Sushrut
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: [PhD thesis] To us, visual search for objects in the environment feels effortless as compared to other tasks such as multiplying large numbers. However, our efforts at building artificial systems have revealed that the former is computationally more challenging than the latter. That makes us wonder how our brain efficiently carries out visual searches. Decades of research indicate that the efficiency of human visual search relies on a plethora of processes, primary of which are: one, processing the hierarchical construction of the visual world (simple features such as orientations of lines constituting complex features such as shapes), two, selectively processing information relevant to the search task (e.g., suppress processing from parts of the image that contain non-target features), and three, learning the relationships between the constituent elements of the world that can guide the information selection process (e.g., knowing where an object occurs in a scene helps us constrain the search to those locations). Furthering our understanding of the processes underlying efficient search, I present new evidence using artificial neural networks, neuroimaging experiments (fMRI and EEG), and large-scale behavioral experiments. The main contributions are as follows: one, the search for body shapes can occur parallelly across our field of view; two, where selective attention needs to be deployed in a hierarchical visual system depends on the representational capacity of that visual system; three, the knowledge about the co-occurrences amongst the distractors can be learned and utilized to increase our search efficiency. I conclude the thesis by discussing the questions raised through our investigations and the research directions aimed at furthering our understanding of our seemingly effortless, but smart, visual search capabilities.
A possible definition of a {\it Realistic} Physics Theory
Creators: name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A definition of a {\it Realistic} Physics Theory is proposed based on the idea that, at all time, the set of physical properties possessed (at that time) by a system should unequivocally determine the probabilities of outcomes of all possible measurements.
description: 5 pages
Meine (grüne) Identität ziehe ich an: Nachhaltiger Kleiderkonsum von Jugendlichen – Handlungsempfehlungen für die Sozialen Arbeit in der Schule
Creators: name: Izzo, Sabrina Filomena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit thematisiert Sabrina Filomena Izzo die lebensweltorientierten Modepräferenzen Jugendlicher hinsichtlich Fast Fashion. Hierfür werden die ex- und intrinsischen Einflussfaktoren auf die jugendliche Identitätsbildung berücksichtigt, welche das Konsumentenverhalten der Jugendlichen steuert. Daraus resultieren unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf der globalen und individuellen Ebene. Für die globalen Auswirkungen liegt der Fokus auf die Bekleidung als Wegwerfartikel. Bei den individuellen Auswirkungen betrachtet die Autorin, die persönlichen als auch systemischen Belange der Jugendlichen. Beide Tragweiten der schnelllebigen Mode werden schrittweise mit der Relevanz für die Soziale Arbeit in der Schule in Verbindung gebracht. Mit dem Bildungsverständnis wird das Handlungspotenzial durch die Fachpersonen der Sozialen Arbeit in der Schule mittels der Projektarbeit im Kontext der nachhaltigen Entwicklung aufgezeigt. Dafür wurde das BE & THINK GREEN WITH CLOTH - Nachhaltigkeitstool als Basis für die Projektarbeit erstellt und könnte für eine partizipative Arbeit mit den Jugendlichen eingesetzt werden. Für das Nachhaltigkeitstool hat die Autorin verschiedene Inspirationen gesammelt, zusammengetragen und ein einheitliches Instrument gebildet mit theoretischem Hintergrund und praktischen Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Die Fachpersonen der Sozialen Arbeit können sich am Nachhaltigkeitstool orientieren und das Tool interdisziplinär in Kooperation mit dem Lehrpersonal oder autark anwenden. Mit der praktischen Anwendung sollen Jugendliche für die Auswirkungen des Kleiderkonsums sensibilisiert werden und einen nachhaltigeren Umgang mit Kleidung entwickeln.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basp + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialpädagogik, 2022 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202209
Brain Injury Knowledge Ontology (BIKO) for traumatic brain injury: Formalizing concepts and methods used in translational traumatic brain injury research
Creators: name: Surles-Zeigler, Monique
name: Sincomb, Troy
name: Dixon, C. Edward
name: Imam, Fahim
name: Gillespie, Tom
name: Grethe, Jeffrey
name: Ferguson, Adam
name: Martone, Maryann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The attached document is a manuscript describing version 1 of BIKO, a multi-species translational traumatic brain injury ontology to assist in formalizing concepts and methods used in traumatic brain injury research.
Wenn die Berufswahl schwierig ist. Anhaltspunkte für die Arbeit in der Praxis auf der Sekundarstufe I aus zwei Fallstudien.
Creators: name: Baumgartner, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Berufswahl
Sekundarstufe 1

description: Der Berufswahlprozess auf der Sekundarstufe I stellt für viele Lernende, aber vor allem für solche mit erhöhtem Unterstützungsbedarf, aus unterschiedlichen Gründen eine Herausforderung dar. Im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit wird anhand von Einzelfallstudien untersucht, wie der Berufswahlprozess auf der Sekundarstufe I für diese Jugendlichen optimiert werden kann, damit sie eine Ausbildung auf der Sekundarstufe II bewältigen können. Die Antworten aus den leitfadengestützten Interviews mit zwei Jugendlichen, ihrer Schulischen Heilpädagogin der Sekundarstufe I, ihrem Berufsschullehrer und einem der beiden Berufsausbildner wurden mit der zugrundeliegenden Theorie verglichen und es wurde dargestellt, welche Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis auf der Sekundarstufe I, wie beispielsweise die Wichtigkeit der ausserschulischen Tätigkeiten und die individuelle Beratung, gezogen werden können.
Asymmetric Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems
Creators: name: Grinshpoun, Tal
name: Grubshtein, Alon
name: Zivan, Roie
name: Netzer, Arnon
name: Meisels, Amnon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed Constraint Optimization (DCOP) is a powerful framework for representing and solving distributed combinatorial problems, where the variables of the problem are owned by different agents. Many multi-agent problems include constraints that produce different gains (or costs) for the participating agents. Asymmetric gains of constrained agents cannot be naturally represented by the standard DCOP model. The present paper proposes a general framework for Asymmetric DCOPs (ADCOPs). In ADCOPs different agents may have different valuations for constraints that they are involved in. The new framework bridges the gap between multi-agent problems which tend to have asymmetric structure and the standard symmetric DCOP model. The benefits of the proposed model over previous attempts to generalize the DCOP model are discussed and evaluated. Innovative algorithms that apply to the special properties of the proposed ADCOP model are presented in detail. These include complete algorithms that have a substantial advantage in terms of runtime and network load over existing algorithms (for standard DCOPs) which use alternative representations. Moreover, standard incomplete algorithms (i.e., local search algorithms) are inapplicable to the existing DCOP representations of asymmetric constraints and when they are applied to the new ADCOP framework they often fail to converge to a local optimum and yield poor results. The local search algorithms proposed in the present paper converge to high quality solutions. The experimental evidence that is presented reveals that the proposed local search algorithms for ADCOPs achieve high quality solutions while preserving a high level of privacy.
Incommensurate, helical spin ground states on the Hollandite lattice
Creators: name: Mandal, S.
name: Andreanov, A.
name: Crespo, Y.
name: Seriani, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model of classical Heisenberg spins on a Hollandite lattice, which has been developed to describe the magnetic properties of $α$-MnO$_2$ and similar compounds. The model has nearest neighbor interacting spins, however the strength and the sign of spin-spin interactions is anisotropic and depends on the nature of the bonds. Our analysis shows that the Hollandite lattice supports four different incommensurate and helical magnetic ground states depending on the relative strengths and signs of spin-spin interactions. We show that the incommensurate helical ground states appear due to the geometrical frustration present in the model. We demonstrate that each of the four helical incommensurate magnetic phases are continuously connected to four different collinear antiferromagnetic ground states as the strength of spin-spin interaction along some bonds is increased. The present results give support to the presence of helical states that have been previously suggested experimentally for Hollandite compounds. We provide an in-depth analysis of the magnetic form factors for each helical phase and describe how it could be used to identify each of these phases in neutron diffraction experiments.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Something for everybody? Assessing the suitability of AAC systems for children using stated preference methods
Creators: name: Webb, Edward J. D.
name: Meads, David
name: Lynch, Yvonne
name: Randall, Nicola
name: Judge, Simon
name: Goldbart, Juliet
name: Meredith, Stuart
name: Moulam, Liz
name: Hess, Stephane
name: Murray, Janice
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Little is known about what features of AAC systems are regarded by AAC professionals as more suitable for children with different characteristics. A survey was conducted in which participants rated the suitability of hypothetical AAC systems on a Likert scale from 1 (very unsuitable) to 7 (very suitable) alongside a discrete choice experiment. The survey was administered online to 155 AAC professionals in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Statistical modeling was used to estimate how suitable 274 hypothetical AAC systems were for each of 36 child vignettes. The proportion of AAC systems rated at least 5 out of 7 for suitability varied from 51.1% to 98.5% for different child vignettes. Only 12 out of 36 child vignettes had any AAC systems rated at least 6 out of 7 for suitability. The features of the most suitable AAC system depended on the characteristics of the child vignette. The results show that, while every child vignette had several systems that had a good suitability rating, there were variations, that could potentially lead to inequalities in provision.
MPEC 2023-U285 : COMET C/2023 Q2 (PANSTARRS)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET C/2023 Q2 (PANSTARRS)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The role of stakeholder orientation and regulatory oversight on bank behaviour
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Muhammed Hasan
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: Stakeholder orientation
Regulatory oversight
Bank payout policy
Bank financial reporting quality
Bank risk

description: This thesis analyses the impact of stakeholder orientation and regulatory oversight on the behaviour of the United States (US) banks. In Chapter 2, we investigate the impact of stakeholder orientation on bank payout policy. As a quasi-experimental setting, we exploit the staggered enactment of constituency statutes across US states, which broaden the scope of managerial duties to an extended group of stakeholders. Our results for the period 1986-2012 suggest that bank holding companies (BHCs) incorporated in states enacting constituency statutes experience significant declines in total payouts, which is driven by a decline in share repurchases. This observed decline in share repurchases is stronger for banks with sizeable implicit claims, lower transparency and substantial agency conflicts. In Chapter 3, we investigate the impact of stakeholder orientation on the financial reporting quality of banks. Using the state-level enactment of constituency statutes as an exogenous variation in stakeholder orientation, and a sample of US commercial banks over the period 1980-2010, we find that the financial reporting quality improves for the stakeholder-orientated banks. Moreover, stakeholder-orientated banks prioritise internal stakeholders such as employees and depositors. In Chapter 4, we investigate how a change in regulatory oversight affects bank risk, using the passage of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 as a setting. Using a sample of BHCs covering the period 2015Q1 through 2020Q1, we find that risk increases for large BHCs affected by a change in regulatory oversight. In addition to increasing bank level risk, affected BHCs increase their respective contribution to the systemic risk. These BHCs also experience higher profitability, increased market valuation and reduced compliance costs.
The extremely red L dwarf ULAS J222711$-$004547 - dominated by dust
Creators: name: Marocco, F.
name: Day-Jones, A. C.
name: Lucas, P. W.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Smart, R. L.
name: Zhang, Z. H.
name: Gomes, J. I.
name: Burningham, B.
name: Pinfield, D. J.
name: Raddi, R.
name: Smith, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a peculiar L dwarf from the UKIDSS LAS, ULAS J222711-004547. The very red infrared photometry (MKO J-K = 2.79$\pm$0.06, WISE W1-W2 = 0.65$\pm$0.05) of ULAS J222711-004547 makes it one of the reddest brown dwarfs discovered so far. We obtained a moderate resolution spectrum of this target, and classify it as L7pec, confirming its very red nature. Comparison to theoretical models suggests that the object could be a low-gravity L dwarf with a solar or higher than solar metallicity. Nonetheless, the match of such fits to the spectrum is rather poor and this and other peculiar red L dwarfs pose new challenges for the modeling of ultracool atmospheres. We determined the proper motion of ULAS J222711-004547 using the data available in the literature, and we find that its kinematics do not suggest membership of any of the known young associations. We show that applying a simple de-reddening curve to its spectrum allows it to resemble the spectra of the L7 spectroscopic standards. Given the negligible interstellar reddening of the field containing our target, we conclude that the reddening of the spectrum is mostly due to an excess of dust in the photosphere of the target. De-reddening the spectrum using extinction curves for different dust species gives surprisingly good results and suggests a characteristic grain size of $\sim$0.5 $μ$m. We show that by increasing the optical depth, the same extinction curves allow the spectrum of ULAS J222711-004547 to resemble the spectra of unusually blue L dwarfs and slightly metal-poor L dwarfs. Grains of similar size yield very good fits when de-reddening other unusually red L dwarfs in the L5 to L7.5 range. These results suggest that the diversity in near infrared colours and spectra seen in late-L dwarfs could be due to differences in the optical thickness of the dust cloud deck.
description: 16 pages, 3 tables, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Barriers and facilitators to accommodations in the workplace for adults who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC): a systematic review
Creators: name: Lackey, Stephanie
name: Hyatt, Glenda Watson
name: Batorowicz, Beata
name: van Engelen, Sydney
name: Li, Shuangxi
name: Pinder, Shane
name: Davies, T. Claire
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Workplace accommodations can reduce barriers to employment for people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), however, the lack of accommodations continues to challenge participation in employment. This systematic review identified and analyzed barriers and facilitators to implementing workplace accommodations for adults (19 years and over) who use AAC. A systematic search of nine databases was conducted to identify relevant studies using the search terms “AAC” and “workplace accommodations” and variations of each term. Results were imported into Covidence. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Results were presented using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. The Oxford levels of evidence and Confidence in Evidence from Review of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) were used to assess the quality of the studies and confidence in findings, respectively. Environmental barriers related mainly to attitudes and technology, and personal barriers related to job qualifications, education, and work-related skills. A combination of facilitators such as personal strengths, access to technology, and supportive relationships contributed to successful implementation of accommodations. The findings of this review suggest that implementing workplace accommodations for adults who use AAC strategies is complex and further research is needed to advance practices and policies that support the implementation of workplace accommodations.
A Refined View of Causal Graphs and Component Sizes: SP-Closed Graph Classes and Beyond
Creators: name: Bäckström, Christer
name: Jonsson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The causal graph of a planning instance is an important tool for planning both in practice and in theory. The theoretical studies of causal graphs have largely analysed the computational complexity of planning for instances where the causal graph has a certain structure, often in combination with other parameters like the domain size of the variables. Chen and Gimand#233;nez ignored even the structure and considered only the size of the weakly connected components. They proved that planning is tractable if the components are bounded by a constant and otherwise intractable. Their intractability result was, however, conditioned by an assumption from parameterised complexity theory that has no known useful relationship with the standard complexity classes. We approach the same problem from the perspective of standard complexity classes, and prove that planning is NP-hard for classes with unbounded components under an additional restriction we refer to as SP-closed. We then argue that most NP-hardness theorems for causal graphs are difficult to apply and, thus, prove a more general result; even if the component sizes grow slowly and the class is not densely populated with graphs, planning still cannot be tractable unless the polynomial hierachy collapses. Both these results still hold when restricted to the class of acyclic causal graphs. We finally give a partial characterization of the borderline between NP-hard and NP-intermediate classes, giving further insight into the problem.
Scientific excellence has no gender - IIMCB's activities on gender equality, diversity & inclusion
Creators: name: Faliszewska, Agnieszka
name: Fiedorowicz, Katarzyna
name: Bialek-Wyrzykowska, Urszula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gender Equality
Diversity
Inclusion

description: Scientific excellence has no gender - IIMCB's activities on gender equality, diversity & inclusion
Ultrafast switching of the electric polarization and magnetic chirality in BiFeO3 by an electric field
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Satadeep
name: Rahmedov, Dovran
name: Wang, Dawei
name: Iniguez, Jorge
name: Bellaiche, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a first-principles-based effective Hamiltonians within molecular dynamics simulations, we discover that applying an electric field that is opposite to the initial direction of the polarization results in a switching of both the polarization and the magnetic chirality vector of multiferroic BiFeO3 at an ultrafast pace (namely of the order of picoseconds). We discuss the origin of such a double ultrafast switching, which is found to involve original intermediate magnetic states and may hold promise for designing various devices.
description: Accepted in Physical Review Letters
Perfect Sets and $f$-Ideals
Creators: name: Guo, Jin
name: Wu, Tongsuo
name: Liu, Qiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P10, 13F20, 13C14, 05A18

description: A square-free monomial ideal $I$ is called an {\it $f$-ideal}, if both $δ_{\mathcal{F}}(I)$ and $δ_{\mathcal{N}}(I)$ have the same $f$-vector, where $δ_{\mathcal{F}}(I)$ ($δ_{\mathcal{N}}(I)$, respectively) is the facet (Stanley-Reisner, respectively) complex related to $I$. In this paper, we introduce and study perfect subsets of $2^{[n]}$ and use them to characterize the $f$-ideals of degree $d$. We give a decomposition of $V(n, 2)$ by taking advantage of a correspondence between graphs and sets of square-free monomials of degree $2$, and then give a formula for counting the number of $f$-ideals of degree $2$, where $V(n, 2)$ is the set of $f$-ideals of degree 2 in $K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$. We also consider the relation between an $f$-ideal and an unmixed monomial ideal.
description: 15 pages
Electronic Structure and Lattice Dynamics in the FeSb$_{3}$ Skutterudite from Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Råsander, Mikael
name: Bergqvist, Lars
name: Delin, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed density functional calculations of the electronic structure and lattice dynamics of the binary skutterudite FeSb$_{3}$. We find that the ground state of FeSb$_{3}$ is a near semi-metallic ferromagnet with $T_{c}=175$~K. Furthermore, we find that FeSb$_{3}$ is softer than CoSb$_{3}$ based on an analysis of the relation of the elastic constants and the shape of the phonon density of states in the two systems, which is in agreement with experimental observation. Based on these observations we find it plausible that FeSb$_{3}$ will have a lower thermal conductivity than CoSb$_{3}$. Additionally, our calculations indicate that FeSb$_{3}$ may be stable towards decomposition into FeSb$_{2}$ and Sb. Furthermore, for ferromagnetic FeSb$_{3}$ we obtain real-valued phonon frequencies and also a $c_{44}$ greater than zero, indicating that the system is mechanically as well as dynamically stable.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures