cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
GU Mon, a high-mass eclipsing overcontact binary in the young open cluster Dolidze 25
Creators: name: Lorenzo, J.
name: Negueruela, I.
name: Vilardell, F.
name: Simón-Díaz, S.
name: Pastor, P.
name: Majuelos, M. Méndez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The eclipsing binary GU Mon is located in the star-forming cluster Dolidze 25, which has the lowest metallicity measured in a Milky Way young cluster. Aims. GU Mon has been identified as a short-period eclipsing binary with two early B-type components. We set out to derive its orbital and stellar parameters. Methods. We present a comprehensive analysis, including B and V light curves and 11 high-resolution spectra, to verify the orbital period and determine parameters. We use the stellar atmosphere code FASTWIND to obtain stellar parameters and create templates for cross-correlation. We obtain a model to fit the light and radial-velocity curves using the Wilson-Devinney code iteratively and simultaneously. Results. The two components of GU Mon are identical stars of spectral type B1 V, with the same mass and temperature. The lightcurves are typical of an EW-type binary. The spectroscopic and photometric analyses agree on a period of 0.896640 +- 0.000007 d. We determine a mass of 9.0 +- 0.6 Msun for each component and temperatures of 28 000 +- 2 000 K. Both values are consistent with the spectral type. The two stars are overfilling their respective Roche lobes, sharing a common envelope, and therefore the orbit is synchronised and circularised. Conclusions. The GU Mon system has a fill-out factor above 0.8, containing two dwarf B-type stars on the main sequence. The two stars are in a very advanced stage of interaction, with their extreme physical similarity likely due to the common envelope. The expected evolution of such a system will very probably lead to a merger while still on the main sequence.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Analysis on the Integration of PV Power at Eco-Tourism Site
Creators: name: Ghosh, B.
name: Bardhan, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Deployment
Enablers for PV Development and Benefits of PV

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4553-4554
description: The present paper outlines the analysis of the technical feasibility, financial viability and societal
impact of integrating PV power to a tourist lodge in the Sunderban Forests of India. The present annual energy
consumption of the lodge is of the order 200-250 kWhm-2 with an emission of 230-290 kg of CO2 m-2Yr-1.
Integration of PV power at the site will not only reduce CO2 emission but also minimize the use of fossil fuel.
Assessment criteria comprised net power generation cost from the devices by using a simple formula detailed in the
main text. Experimentally it has been observed that in Indian condition PV can produce power up to 2300 - 2400
hours an year with zero fuel cost. With the added benefit of clean development mechanism, the power generation,
particularly for the grid connected PV system, comes in parity with the conventional grid electricity. Moreover,
integration of PV power will not only protect the eco-system of the site but also enhance the quality of life of the
local population.
Verilay: A Verifiable Proof of Stake Chain Relay
Creators: name: Westerkamp, Martin
name: Diez, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchain relay schemes enable cross-chain state proofs without requiring trusted intermediaries. This is achieved by applying the source blockchain's consensus validation protocol on the target blockchain. Existing chain relays allow for the validation of blocks created using the Proof of Work (PoW) protocol. Since PoW entails high energy consumption, limited throughput, and no guaranteed finality, Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchain protocols are increasingly popular for addressing these shortcomings. We propose Verilay, the first chain relay scheme that enables validating PoS protocols that produce finalized blocks, for example, Ethereum 2.0, Cosmos, and Polkadot. The concept does not require changes to the source blockchain protocols or validator operations. Signatures of block proposers are validated by a dedicated relay smart contract on the target blockchain. In contrast to basic PoW chain relays, Verilay requires only a subset of block headers to be submitted in order to maintain full verifiability. This yields enhanced scalability. We provide a prototypical implementation that facilitates the validation of Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain headers within the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Our evaluation proves the applicability to Ethereum 1.0's mainnet and confirms that only a fraction of transaction costs are required compared to PoW chain relay updates.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
MPEC 2023-S249 : 2023 SR7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 SR7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Towards a Take Back and Recycling System for PV Modules - PV Cycle
Creators: name: Gómez, V.
name: Clyncke, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Deployment
Enablers for PV Development and Benefits of PV

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4555-4557
description: Since 1990, approximately 13 million modules have been installed in the European market.
Considering an average lifetime of 25 years, it is in 10 years from now when the first significant amount of
photovoltaic (PV) waste is expected. Recycling these PV modules is a sustainable and efficient way of treating endof-
life modules. Moreover, expensive and rare materials would be recovered and introduced in the life cycle again
reducing then, the fabrication costs. In this framework, the main module producers and importers have founded PV
CYCLE in 2007. This altruist association works for a voluntary take back and recycling system of end-of-life
photovoltaic modules in Europe. PV CYCLE members count today for more than 85% of the European PV market.
During 2009, PV CYCLE members are working to sign an Environmental Agreement that will be endorsed by the
European Union. In this paper, we will describe the ambitious goals of the PV CYCLE project, and the state-of-theart
in the logistics and funding of the voluntary take back and recycling system.
Vertical Integration in the PV Industry: 2010 and beyond
Creators: name: Skumanich, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Deployment
Enablers for PV Development and Benefits of PV

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4511-4516
description: Vertical Integration (VI) has been a part of the PV manufacturing chain with cyclical regularity. Most
recently, especially because of the poly-Si shortage, there has been an increase focus in VI with many companies
extending both up-stream to poly production or down-stream to installation. This paper examines some of the
considerations for VI. The main premise is that while the concept of margin protection by VI seems appealing, there
are complexities which impede that market reality. Instead alternatives are emerging which include “Virtual
Integration” and what this author calls “Bridging Integration”. These newer VI types of configurations provide some
of the benefits of VI while still maintaining flexibility. The paper will describe some of the VI configurations, and
examine both the current as well as developing landscape for VI. An additional point of this paper is that there is
merit to considering truly full VI down-stream to electricity production because the margins for hardware will have
to collapse (with the drive to lower costs), whereas the costs for electricity can legitimately rise once below the local
(non-renewable) market level. Some specific case studies will be provided from the current market place.
Environmental Impact of PV Systems: Effects of Energy Sources Used in Production of Solar Panels
Creators: name: Beloin-Saint-Pierre, D.
name: Blanc, I.
name: Payet, J.
name: Jacquin, P.
name: Adra, N.
name: Mayer, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Deployment
Enablers for PV Development and Benefits of PV

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4517-4520
description: The international expansion of the PV industry can affect the range of indirect environmental impacts,
and mostly the CO2 equivalent emissions, of the solar electricity produced in any country. We demonstrate a clear
trend towards high variation in the global warming potential of solar electricity produced in France by PV
installations which use modules produced with different electricity mix. The variation is somewhat less important
when looking at the Energy Payback Time (EPBT) of the PV installation. In any studied case, the transportation
between countries has a low effect compared to the choice made on the source of electricity used during the different
steps involved in the fabrication of modules for any technology.
Extensibility of Hohenberg-Kohn Theorem to general quantum systems
Creators: name: Xu, Limin
name: Mao, Jiahao
name: Gao, Xingyu
name: Liu, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hohenberg-Kohn (HK) theorem is a cornerstone of modern electronic structure calculations. For interacting electrons, given that the internal part of the Hamiltonian ($\hat H_{int}$), containing the kinetic energy and Couloumb interaction of electrons, has a fixed form, the theorem states that when the electrons are subject to an external electrostatic field, the ground-state density can inversely determine the field, and thus the full Hamiltonian completely. For a general quantum system, a HK-type Hamiltonian in the form of $\hat H_{hk}\{g_i\}=\hat H_{int}+\sum_i g_i \hat O_i$ can always be defined, by grouping those terms with fixed or preknown coefficients into $\hat H_{int}$, and factorizing the remaining as superposition of a set of Hermitian operators $\{\hat O_i\}$. We ask whether the HK theorem can be extended, so that the ground-state expectation values of $\{\hat O_i\}$ as the generalized density can in principle be used as the fundamental variables determining all the properties of the system. We show that the question can be addressed by introducing the concept of generalized density correlation matrix (GDCM) defined with respect to the $\{\hat O_i\}$ operators. The invertibility of the GDCM represents a mathematically rigorous and practically useful criterion for the extension of HK theorem to be valid. We apply this criterion to several representative systems, including the quantum Ising dimer, the frustration-free systems, N-level quantum systems with fixed inter-level transition amplitude and tunable level energies, and a fermionic Hubbard chain with inhomogeneous on-site interactions. We suggest that for a finite-size system, finding an invertible GDCM under one single $\{g_i\}$ configuration is typically sufficient to establish the generic extensibility of the HK theorem in the entire parameter space.
A Cost Effective Silicon Based Concentrator System at 120x
Creators: name: Mughal, H.
name: Bruton, T.M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 774-776
description: A novel concentrator system has been designed for low manufacturing cost and stable long life
performance. Key features of the system are the use of laser grooved buried contact solar cells, an assembly process
derived from flat plate manufacture and an optical system which overcomes many of the disadvantages of
conventional Fresnel lenses. The kWhr/kWp results are better than for an adjacent fixed flat plate system in Pakistan.
The system cost is projected to fall to €1.56/Wp by 2015 with a LCOE of €0.09/KWh for Spain.
Derangement model of ligand-receptor binding
Creators: name: Williams, Mobolaji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.2.1
subject: 92C05 (Primary), 82B23 (Secondary), 05A19, 92-10, 33C45

description: We introduce a derangement model of ligand-receptor binding that allows us to quantitatively frame the question "How can ligands seek out and bind to their optimal receptor sites in a sea of other competing ligands and suboptimal receptor sites?" To answer the question, we first derive a formula to count the number of partial generalized derangements in a list, thus extending the derangement result of Gillis and Even. We then compute the general partition function for the ligand-receptor system and derive the equilibrium expressions for the average number of bound ligands and the average number of optimally bound ligands. A visual model of squares assembling onto a grid allows us to easily identify fully optimal bound states. Equilibrium simulations of the system reveal its extremes to be one of two types, qualitatively distinguished by whether optimal ligand-receptor binding is the dominant form of binding at all temperatures and quantitatively distinguished by the relative values of two critical temperatures. One of those system types (termed "search-limited," as it was in previous work) does not exhibit kinetic traps and we thus infer that biomolecular systems where optimal ligand-receptor binding is functionally important are likely to be search-limited.
description: 57 pages, 21 figures
Performances Comparison between Photovoltaic Concentrator Modules Equipped with SJ and MJ Concentrator Cells Using Different Assembling Techniques
Creators: name: Graditi, G.
name: Cancro, C.
name: Fucci, R.
name: Roca, F.
name: Privato, C.
name: Sarno, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 777-781
description: Since 2002 ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, the Energy and the Environment) has
been involved on PV Concentrator Technology (CPV), by way of PhoCUS (Photovoltaic Concentrators to Utility Scale)
Project. The Project aimed to the development of a low-cost photovoltaic concentrators technology using Single cSi
Junction solar cells working under a medium concentration ratio. On the other hand the potentiality of CPV systems to
reach efficiency value higher than 30% is related to the utilization of the solar cell Multi-Junction (MJ) technology
originally developed for space application, too. ENEA has recently been involved in the APOLLON project (Multi
APprOach for high efficiency integrated and inteLLigent cONcentrating PV modules Systems), funded by the European
Union for the development of new material and improvement of existing technologies. The goal of the project is to
increase concentrating cell and module efficiency, stability and lifetime and to achieve a suitable cost-effective
condition, in close cooperation with many European partners and companies. In this scenario ENEA realized a set of
several C-Modules, based on existing PhoCUS PV-C technology and on the use of commercial MJ and SJ solar cells, in
order to promptly assure opportunities from the first stage of APOLLON Project, to analyze the assembling techniques
used for two both kinds of receivers (working under different concentration ratio) evaluating the influence of passive
cooling and thermal behaviour, misalignments receiver-lens, and the manufacturing process automation. Further efforts
were also put on the ground by ENEA concerning the development of outdoor facilities at the aim to carry out
photovoltaic performance evaluation and objective comparison about different technological solutions.
Optimization of a three-terminal non-linear heat nano-engine
Creators: name: Szukiewicz, Barbara
name: Eckern, Ulrich
name: Wysokinski, Karol I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge and heat transport in nano-structures is dominated by non-equilibrium effects which strongly influence their behaviour. These effects are studied in a setup consisting of three external leads, one of which is considered as a heat reservoir and is tunnel-coupled to two cold electrodes via two independently controlled quantum dots. The energy flow from the hot electrode together with energy filtering provided by quantum dots leads to a voltage bias between the cold electrodes. The heat and charge currents in the device effectively flow in mutually perpendicular directions, allowing for their independent control. The non-equilibrium screening changes the values of the system parameters needed for its optimal performance but leaves the maximal output power and efficiency unchanged. Our results are important from the theoretical point of view as well as for the practical implementation and the control of the proposed heat engine.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Feature transforms for image data augmentation
Creators: name: Nanni, Loris
name: Paci, Michelangelo
name: Brahnam, Sheryl
name: Lumini, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A problem with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is that they require large datasets to obtain adequate robustness; on small datasets, they are prone to overfitting. Many methods have been proposed to overcome this shortcoming with CNNs. In cases where additional samples cannot easily be collected, a common approach is to generate more data points from existing data using an augmentation technique. In image classification, many augmentation approaches utilize simple image manipulation algorithms. In this work, we build ensembles on the data level by adding images generated by combining fourteen augmentation approaches, three of which are proposed here for the first time. These novel methods are based on the Fourier Transform (FT), the Radon Transform (RT) and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Pretrained ResNet50 networks are finetuned on training sets that include images derived from each augmentation method. These networks and several fusions are evaluated and compared across eleven benchmarks. Results show that building ensembles on the data level by combining different data augmentation methods produce classifiers that not only compete competitively against the state-of-the-art but often surpass the best approaches reported in the literature.
A well-posed First Order System Least Squares formulation of the instationary Stokes equations
Creators: name: Gantner, Gregor
name: Stevenson, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35F46, 35K20, 35A15, 65M12, 65M15, 65M60, 76D07

description: In this paper, a well-posed simultaneous space-time First Order System Least Squares formulation is constructed of the instationary incompressible Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions. As a consequence of this well-posedness, the minimization over any conforming triple of finite element spaces for velocities, pressure and stress tensor gives a quasi-best approximation from that triple. The formulation is practical in the sense that all norms in the least squares functional can be efficiently evaluated. Being of least squares type, the formulation comes with an efficient and reliable a posteriori error estimator. In addition, a priori error estimates are derived, and numerical results are presented.
Going to a Finite Source Emitter: Improved Emitter Technology by Reduction of the Dead P-Layer for High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Lamers, M.W.P.E.
name: Romijn, I.
name: Gagliardo, M.
name: Van Den Donker, M.N.
name: Tool, C.J.J.
name: Weeber, A.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1708-1712
description: Standard in industrial in-line emitter processing is to apply an excess phosphorus source on the wafer prior to diffusion. Subsequently, a constant and high phosphorus concentration is present on the surface during the diffusion process. This paper shows that a reduction in the concentration, and thus in the emitter, can give a significant gain in Voc and Jsc as the dead P-layer is reduced. Homogeneous reduction over the complete wafer is important to obtain a maximum gain in Jsc and Voc. Different application methods are tested on homogeneity and the effect on Jsc and Voc. To optimize the contacting of these emitters, different pastes are tested on their contacting ability. It is shown that an efficiency increase of 0.1% absolute can be obtained with these emitters for industrial in-line applications, which can be easily and directly implemented in new and existing lines. No additional costs are required and no yield loss is expected, while at the same time the HF usage decreases as the glass is thinner and contains less phosphorus.
Comparative Analysis of Different Secondary Optical Elements: Effective Concentration, Acceptance Angle and Light Distribution
Creators: name: Victoria Pérez, M.
name: Domínguez, C.
name: Anton, I.
name: Sala, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 755-759
description: This work analyzes the performance of six different secondary optical elements (SOE) as part of a
concentrator system where the primary optical element (POE) is a Fresnel lens. In first place, Fresnel lens limitations
are reviewed. Then, reflective (cone, pyramid) and refractive (pyramid, CPC and two kinds of dome) SOE are
designed and optimized. Several figures of merit are obtained by ray-tracing simulations for each particular SOE:
total effective concentration, angular transmission curve, annual energy lost, irradiance distribution and predominant
angle of incidence over the cell. The reflective SOE (inverted cone and pyramid) show the best optical efficiencies
(89% and 88% respectively), while the CPC design allows the widest acceptance angle (±1.4º).
The RERE Deacetylase Complex
Creators: name: Brown, Edward A.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are important transcriptional regulators which remove acetyl groups from histone tails. Removal of acetyl groups affects gene expression. HDACs are part of large co-regulatory complexes. One of these complexes is called RERE and the core is comprised of: RERE, ATN1 and HDAC1. The RERE protein is a member of the atrophin family and is associated with developmental defects and neurological diseases. The aim of this project was to use structural and biochemical approaches to further our understanding of this poorly characterised complex. Using peptide binding arrays and fluorescence anisotropy data, the active transcription mark, H3R26me2 was identified as a binding target for the RERE BAH domain. ChIP-sequencing data showed RERE aligned with other active histone marks, which supports the role of RERE as a transcriptional activator. BioID and pulldown approaches suggest RERE forms a complex with SFPQ and NONO. These are co-regulator and splicing factors suggesting that RERE may regulate multiple stages of gene transcription. Electron microscopy and structural prediction techniques were used to propose a model of the RERE complex. The model shows that RERE does not dimerise through the ELM2 or SANT domains, unlike the homologous MTA1 protein. The RERE zinc finger folds back and interacts with the BAH domain, suggesting that they may work in tandem to interact with a nucleosome. The NONO RRM domains were also shown to form an interaction with the variable region of the BAH domain. Finally, histone tail peptide inhibitors, Apicidin analogues, and a potent HDAC3 specific inhibitor, were tested against the seven HDAC complexes. HDAC inhibitors are important therapeutic drugs however, they target multiple HDAC complexes which lead to severe side effects. The HDAC complexes exhibited different inhibition profiles against these inhibitors, even with the same HDAC. This suggests that it is possible to target specific HDAC complex.
Comparsion of High Efficiency Solar Cells on n-Type and p-Type Silicon Wafers Using Identical Processing
Creators: name: Saynova, D.S.
name: Mihailetchi, V.D.
name: Geerligs, L.J.
name: Weeber, A.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1691-1695
description: A low-cost, high-efficiency process on large area n-type base silicon cells is reported which is based on a screen printed aluminium-alloyed rear junction concept and phosphorus-diffused front surface field. The cell process uses
fabrication techniques which are very close to the current industry-standard screen-printed mc-Si cell process for p-type wafers. An independently confirmed record-high efficiency of 17.4% (140 cm²) is achieved on n-type floatzone (FZ) silicon wafers. We compare, by experimental tests and modeling, the differences of using n-type wafers and p-type wafers with this identical process sequence. On p-type FZ wafers, with the same process 17.6% is obtained (FF of 79%), and 16.8% on p-type CZ wafers (FF of 76%). 1D-model calculations allow us to identify the potential for further enhancement of the n-type cell efficiency to above 18.0% by improving front surface passivation. We also discuss experimental characteristics and typical limitations of cells produced by this process from n-type multicrystalline wafers.
Polymorphous/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells:Optimization on Monocrystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Labrune, M.
name: Roca I Cabarrocas, P.
name: Chouffot, R.
name: Brezard-Oudot, A.
name: Kleider, J.P.
name: Ribeyron, P.-J.
name: Vandeneynde, A.
name: Brüggemann, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1696-1699
description: It has been shown recently that, on p-type c-Si, the use of an ultra-thin (3 nm) undoped (so-called intrinsic) hydrogenated polymorphous silicon (pm-Si:H) layer followed by a thin (8 nm) n-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layer allows one to obtain a good passivation and to form a good quality emitter in (n) a-Si:H / (i) pm-Si:H / (p) c-Si heterojunction solar cells. Efficiencies of about 16.8% had been demonstrated with this type of emitter [1]. We here extend our study to the ability of (n) a-Si:H / (i) pm-Si:H stacks to form a good passivation and a high quality back surface field when deposited onto n-type c-Si wafers. We then turn to the influence of the undoped pm-Si:H buffer layer when it is coupled with p-type a-Si:H to form a p-type emitter on an n-type c-Si wafer or when such a double layer association is used as a back surface field on a p-type c-Si wafer. Passivation properties are determined by QSSPC measurements, while coplanar conductance measurements bring additional information on the interface quality. We pay a particular attention to the effect of the deposition temperature, as well as to the effects of post-annealing on the passivation quality. Finally, the influence of the thickness of the undoped polymorphous and of the doped amorphous layers are considered.
Alternative Rear Surface Passivation for Industrial Cell Production
Creators: name: Seiffe, J.
name: Weiss, L.
name: Hofmann, M.
name: Gautero, L.
name: Rentsch, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1700-1703
description: A new PECVD double layer stack for surface passivation is presented in this work. It consists of a thin surface film of hydrogenated, silicon rich oxynitride (a-SiOXNY:H) and a hydrogenated silicon nitride layer (a-SiNX:H). This system provides an excellent surface passivation (till Seff < 1 cm/s) and is easily deposited by an industrial type inline PECVD-system with a high throughput. It’s activated by a short temperature step, which could be a firing step for screen printed contacts. The passivation quality can even be upgraded by illumination.
Coordinately Assisted Distillation of Quantum Coherence in Multipartite System
Creators: name: Wang, Huang-Qiu-Chen
name: Luo, Qi
name: Su, Qi-Ping
name: Sun, Yong-Nan
name: Zhou, Nengji
name: Yu, Li
name: Sun, Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the issue of assisted coherence distillation in the asymptotic limit (considering infinite copies of the resource states), by coordinately performing the identical local operations on the auxiliary systems of each copy. When we further restrict the coordinate operations to projective measurements, the distillation process is branched into many sub-processes. Finally, a simple formula is given that the assisted distillable coherence should be the maximal average coherence of the residual states. The formula makes the experimental research of assisted coherence distillation possible and convenient, especially for the case that the system and its auxiliary are in mixed states. By using the formula,\ we for the first time study the assisted coherence distillation in multipartite systems. Monogamy-like inequalities are given to constrain the distribution of the assisted distillable coherence in the subsystems. Taking three-qubit system for example, we experimentally prepare two types of tripartite correlated states, i.e., the $W$-type and GHZ-type states in a linear optical setup, and experimentally explore the assisted coherence distillation. Theoretical and experimental results agree well to verify the distribution inequalities given by us. Three measures of multipartite quantum correlation are also considered. The close relationship between the assisted coherence distillation and the genuine multipartite correlation is revealed.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Spectral Ellipsometry Analysis of Ultrathin Amorphous Silicon Layers
Creators: name: Richter, A.
name: Benick, J.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1724-1727
description: Ultrathin layers of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) are of high interest in today’s photovoltaics. A reliable characterization (layer thickness, optical constants) of such layers is essential for process control and development. Spectral ellipsometry is a fast and non-destructive method for analyzing thin layers. A common analysis procedure for ellipsometric data fails in case of ultrathin a-Si:H layers with thicknesses below 15 nm. For evaluation of such a-Si:H layers a new analysis procedure has been introduced. The procedure has been applied successfully to layers of a thickness down to 5 nm, verified by reflection and transmission measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy.
Crystallisation Kinetics of e-Beam Evaporated Si Films and its Effects on Poly-Si Film and Solar Cell Properties
Creators: name: Varlamov, S.
name: Tao, Y.
name: Wong, J.
name: Kunz, O.
name: Egan, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2823-2827
description: Solid-phase crystallisation (SPC) of Si thin films on glass deposited by electron-beam evaporation is
compared at different annealing temperatures. Four independent film characterisation methods, optical transmission
microscopy, Raman and UV reflectance spectroscopy (UV-R), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), reveal that 1.4 micron
thick films with n+/p-/p+ solar cell structures have the incubation times of about 285, 32, and 10 min and the full
crystallisation times of about 825, 94, and 24 min at 600°C, 640°C, and 680°C respectively. The estimated activation
energies for the incubation and crystal growth are 3.0 and 3.2 eV respectively. The scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) images of the resulting polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) films after Secco etching show that the average grain size
gradually decreases with a higher SPC temperature. Similarly, according to the Raman, UV-R, and XRD spectra the
crystal quality of the poly-Si films is poorer for the higher SPC temperatures. The sheet resistivities, which are
dominated by the properties of the two thin but heavily doped n+ and p+ layers, are similar for all SPC temperatures.
The open-circuit voltages (Voc) of about 450 mV measured by Suns-Voc method are also similar for all SPC
temperatures and comparable to previously reported values for the best evaporated poly-Si cells. However, the
minority carrier diffusion length of about 0.5 micron in the absorber layers for all SPC temperatures extracted from
the external quantum efficiency (EQE) data is much shorter than the cell thickness and than previously reported,
which can be due to relatively high boron concentration in the absorber found by means of the capacitance-voltage
(C-V) analysis.
Evacuation time estimate for a total pedestrian evacuation using queuing network model and volunteered geographic information
Creators: name: Kunwar, Bharat
name: Simini, Filippo
name: Johansson, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Estimating city evacuation time is a non-trivial problem due to the interaction between thousands of individual agents, giving rise to various collective phenomena, such as bottleneck formation, intermittent flow and stop-and-go waves. We present a mean field approach to draw relationships between road network spatial attributes, number of evacuees and resultant evacuation time estimate (ETE). We divide $50$ medium sized UK cities into a total of $697$ catchment areas which we define as an area where all agents share the same nearest exit node. In these catchment areas, 90% of agents are within $5.4$ km of their designated exit node. We establish a characteristic flow rate from catchment area attributes (population, distance to exit node and exit node width) and a mean flow rate in free-flow regime by simulating total evacuations using an agent based `queuing network' model. We use these variables to determine a relationship between catchment area attributes and resultant ETE. This relationship could enable emergency planners to make rapid appraisal of evacuation strategies and help support decisions in the run up to a crisis.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Many-particle covalency, ionicity, and atomicity revisited for a few simple example molecules
Creators: name: Hendzel, M.
name: Fidrysiak, M.
name: Spałek, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze two-particle binding factors of H2, LiH, and HeH+ molecules/ions with the help of our original exact diagonalization ab intio (EDABI) approach. The interelectronic correlations are taken into account rigorously within the second quantization scheme for restricted basis of renormalized single-particle wave functions, i.e., with their size readjusted in the correlated state. This allows us to determine the many-particle covalency and ionicity factors in a natural and intuitive manner in terms of the microscopic single-particle and interaction parameters, also determined within our method. We discuss the limitations of those basic characteristics and introduce the concept of atomicity, corresponding to the Mott and Hubbard criterion concerning localization threshold in many-particle systems. This addition introduces an atomic ingredient into the electron states and thus removes a spurious behavior of covalency with the increasing interatomic distance, as well as provides a more complete physical interpretation of bonding.
Materiality in the Socially Engaged Museum: The role of collections within socially purposeful museum practice at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
Creators: name: Cuzzola, Cesare
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The project aims to analyse the role of collections in socially engaged practice, exploring how material culture is used and perceived in the context of museum projects that, in different ways, seek to address contemporary social inequalities. As museums move towards non-neutral and socially, politically and morally charged positions, their role is changing. Visitor-centred practices in the cultural sector have aimed to promote greater understanding, respect and empathy for difference. Exhibitions, programmes and learning activities designed to foster support for equality and diversity have become increasingly present. However, while many of these projects make use of objects (alongside text and other media) to convey their message, research on the specific role of material culture in this socially engaged and purposeful practice has been scarce. The project is based on fieldwork conducted at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, involving visitor research at three major exhibitions: The Past is Now: Birmingham and the British Empire, Faith in Birmingham and Collecting Birmingham: The Extraordinary Lives of Everyday People. This research seeks to address the gap in knowledge between material culture studies and socially engaged practice. It examines current museum practice from a material culture perspective, considering artefacts as critical actors in the museum’s endeavours to promote inclusion, tolerance and empathy.
Families of stable sheaves: Wrong-way fibers and noncommutative deformations
Creators: name: Reede, Fabian
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: families of sheaves
subject: stability
subject: deformations
subject: Familien von Garben
subject: Stabilität
subject: Deformationen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: In this thesis we want to understand properties of families of stable sheaves. First we give a quick introduction to the topic. Then we look at three specific topics regarding families of stable sheaves: a) stability of wrong-way fibers, b) wrong-way fibers and integral functors and c) noncommutative surfaces and deformations. For each topic we collect known results and describe the state-of-the-art methods to study these properties. We end each section with open questions. Then we give a quick summary of our results answering some of the open questions.
The Natural Display Topos of Coalgebras
Creators: name: Zwanziger, Colin
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Category Theory, K Theory, Homological Algebra
Mathematical Logic, Set Theory, Lattices and Universal Algebra

description: A classical result of topos theory holds that the category of coalgebras for a Cartesian comonad on a topos is again a topos (Kock and Wraith, 1971). It is natural to refine this result to a topos-theoretic setting that includes universes. To this end, we introduce the notions of natural display topos and natural Cartesian display comonad, and show that the natural model of coalgebras for a natural Cartesian display comonad on a natural display topos is again a natural display topos. As an application, this result extends the approach to universes of Hofmann and Streicher (1997) from presheaf toposes to sheaf toposes with enough points. Whereas natural display toposes provide a categorical semantics for a form of extensional Martin-Löf type theory, we also prove our main result in the more general setting of natural typoses, which encompasses models of intensional Martin-Löf type theory. A natural Cartesian display comonad on a natural typos may also be used as a model for dependent type theory with an S4 box operator, or comonadic modality, as introduced by Nanevski et al. (2008). Modal contexts, which have been regarded as tricky to handle semantically, are interpreted as contexts of the natural typos of coalgebras. We sketch an interpretation within this approach. As part of the framework in which the above takes place, we introduce a refinement of the notion of natural model (see Awodey, 2018), which is (strictly 2- )equivalent to the notion of full, split comprehension category (see Jacobs, 1993), rather than the notion of category with attributes (Cartmell 1978).
Observation of a continuous time crystal
Creators: name: Kongkhambut, Phatthamon
name: Skulte, Jim
name: Mathey, Ludwig
name: Cosme, Jayson G.
name: Hemmerich, Andreas
name: Keßler, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time crystals are classified as discrete or continuous depending on whether they spontaneously break discrete or continuous time translation symmetry. While discrete time crystals have been extensively studied in periodically driven systems since their recent discovery, the experimental realization of a continuous time crystal is still pending. Here, we report the observation of a limit cycle phase in a continuously pumped dissipative atom-cavity system, which is characterized by emergent oscillations in the intracavity photon number. We observe that the phase of this oscillation is random for different realizations, and hence this dynamical many-body state breaks continuous time translation symmetry spontaneously. The observed robustness of the limit cycles against temporal perturbations confirms the realization of a continuous time crystal.
Extent of hydrogen coverage of Si(001) under chemical vapor deposition conditions from ab initio approaches
Creators: name: Rosenow, Phil
name: Tonner, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extent of hydrogen coverage of the Si(001)c(4x2) surface in the presence of hydrogen gas has been studied with dispersion corrected density functional theory. Electronic energy contributions are well described using a hybrid functional. The temperature dependence of the coverage in thermodynamic equilibrium was studied computing the phonon spectrum in a supercell approach. As an approximation to these demanding computations, an interpolated phonon approach was found to give comparable accuracy. The simpler ab initio thermodynamic approach is not accurate enough for the system studied, even if corrections by the Einstein model for surface vibrations are considered. The on-set of H2 desorption from the fully hydrogenated surface is predicted to occur at temperatures around 750 K. Strong changes in hydrogen coverage are found between 1000 and 1200 K in good agreement with previous reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy experiments. These findings allow a rational choice for the surface state in the computational treatment of chemical reactions under typical metal organic vapor phase epitaxy conditions on Si(001).
Photoconductance Measurements on Thin-Film Crystalline Silicon p–n Diodes
Creators: name: McIntosh, K.R.
name: Abbott, M.
name: Bardos, R.A.
name: Widenborg, P.I.
name: Aberle, A.G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2837-2842
description: We present photoconductance measurements of polycrystalline silicon thin-film p–n diodes on glass. The
measurements were conducted with the WCT-100 photoconductance instrument using a pulsed high-energy 808-nm
laser as the illumination source rather than a flash lamp, and a variable-gain transimpedance amplifier connected to the
photodetector rather than a single resistor. By averaging ten thousand 30-ms pulses, the signal-to-noise ratio was made
sufficiently high that a genuine photoconductance signal could be detected over 1–2 orders of magnitude. Each
measurement took 5 minutes. Complications that relate to sample heating, carrier mobilities, depletion region
modulation, and trapping are addressed.
Wind Turbine Large-Eddy Simulations on Very Coarse Grid Resolutions using an Actuator Line Model
Creators: name: Tossas, Luis A. Martínez
name: Stevens, Richard J. A. M.
name: Meneveau, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the accuracy of the Actuator Line Model (ALM) in Large Eddy Simulations of wind turbine flow is studied under the specific conditions of very coarse spatial resolutions. For finely-resolved conditions, it is known that ALM provides better accuracy compared to the standard Actuator Disk Model (ADM) without rotation. However, we show here that on very coarse resolutions, flow induction occurring at rotor scales can affect the predicted inflow angle and can adversely affect the ALM predictions. We first provide an illustration of coarse LES to reproduce wind tunnel measurements. The resulting flow predictions are good, but the challenges in predicting power outputs from the detailed ALM motivate more detailed analysis on a case with uniform inflow. We present a theoretical framework to compare the filtered quantities that enter the Large-Eddy Simulation equations as body forces with a scaling relation between the filtered and unfiltered quantities. The study aims to apply the theoretical derivation to the simulation framework and improve the current results for an ALM, especially in the near wake where the largest differences are observed.