cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis and packaging of radiochemical solar neutrino data. 1. Bayesian approach
Creators: name: Sturrock, P. A.
name: Wheatland, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to current practice, the results of each run of a radiochemical solar neutrino experiment comprise an estimate of the flux and upper and lower error estimates. These estimates are derived by a maximum-likelihood procedure from the times of decay events in the analysis chamber. This procedure has the following shortcomings: (a) Published results sometimes include negative flux estimates. (b) Even if the flux estimate is non-negative, the probability distribution function implied by the flux and error estimates will extend into negative territory; and (c) The overall flux estimate derived from the results of a sequence of runs may differ substantially from an estimate made by a global analysis of all of the timing data taken together. These defects indicate that the usual packaging of data in radiochemical solar neutrino experiments provides an inadequate summary of the data, which implies a loss of information. This article reviews this problem from a Bayesian perspective, and suggests an alternative scheme for the packaging of radiochemical solar neutrino data, which is we believe free from the above objections.
description: 8 pages
An ACA Survey of [CI] $^3P_1-^3P_0$, CO $J=4-3$, and Dust Continuum in Nearby U/LIRG
Creators: name: Michiyama, Tomonari
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Tadaki, Ken-ichi
name: Ueda, Junko
name: Zhuang, Ming-Yang
name: Molina, Juan
name: Lee, Bumhyun
name: Wang, Ran
name: Bolatto, Alberto
name: Iono, Daisuke
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
name: Izumi, Takuma
name: Yamashita, Takuji
name: Ho, Luis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of surveying [CI] $^3P_1-^3P_0$, $^{12}$CO $J=4-3$, and 630 $μ$m dust continuum emission for 36 nearby ultra/luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) using the Band 8 receiver mounted on the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We describe the survey, observations, data reduction, and results; the main results are as follows. (i) We confirmed that [CI] $^3P_1-^3P_0$ has a linear relationship with both the $^{12}$CO $J=4-3$and 630 $μ$m continuum. (ii) In NGC 6052 and NGC 7679, $^{12}$CO $J=4-3$ was detected but [CI] $^3P_1-^3P_0$ was not detected with a [CI] $^3P_1-^3P_0$/ $^{12}$CO $J=4-3$ ratio of $\lesssim0.08$. Two possible scenarios of weak [CI] $^3P_1-^3P_0$ emission are C$^0$-poor/CO-rich environments or an environment with an extremely large [CI] $^3P_1-^3P_0$ missing flux. (iii) There is no clear evidence showing that galaxy mergers, AGNs, and dust temperatures control the ratios of [CI] $^3P_1-^3P_0$/ $^{12}$CO $J=4-3$ and $L'_{\rm [CI](1-0)}/L_{\rm 630μm}$. (iv) We compare our nearby U/LIRGs with high-z galaxies, such as galaxies on the star formation main sequence (MS) at z$\sim1$ and submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z=2-4$. We found that the mean value for the [CII] $^3P_1$--$^3P_0$/ $^{12}$CO $J=4-3$ ratio of U/LIRGs is similar to that of SMGs but smaller than that of galaxies on the MS.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, and 42 pages for the appendix, accepted for publication in ApJS
Novel QCD Effects from Initial and Final State Interactions
Creators: name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Initial-state and final-state interactions, which are conventionally neglected in the parton model, have a profound effect in QCD hard-scattering reactions. These effects, which arise from gluon exchange between the active and spectator quarks, cause leading-twist single-spin asymmetries, diffractive deep inelastic scattering, diffractive hard hadronic reactions, and the breakdown of the Lam-Tung relation in Drell-Yan reactions. Diffractive deep inelastic scattering also leads to nuclear shadowing and non-universal antishadowing of nuclear structure functions through multiple scattering reactions in the nuclear target. Factorization-breaking effects are particularly important for hard hadron interactions since both initial-state and final-state interactions appear. Related factorization breaking effects can also appear in exclusive electroproduction reactions and in deeply virtual Compton scattering. None of the effects of initial-state and final-state interactions are incorporated in the light-front wavefunctions of the target hadron computed in isolation.
description: Invited talk, presented at the Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer 21-24 May 2007, Newport News, Virginia
Linear pre-metric electrodynamics and deduction of the light cone
Creators: name: Rubilar, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a general framework for describing the electromagnetic properties of spacetime. These properties are encoded in the `constitutive tensor of the vacuum', a quantity analogous to that used in the description of material media. We give a generally covariant derivation of the Fresnel equation describing the local properties of the propagation of electromagnetic waves for the case of the most general possible linear constitutive tensor. We also study the particular case in which a light cone structure is induced and the circumstances under which such a structure emerges. In particular, we will study the relationship between the dual operators defined by the constitutive tensor under certain conditions and the existence of a conformal metric. Closure and symmetry of the constitutive tensor will be found as conditions which ensure the existence of a conformal metric. We will also see how the metric components can be explicitly deduced from the constitutive tensor if these two conditions are met. Finally, we will apply the same method to explore the consequences of relaxing the condition of symmetry and how this affects the emergence of the light cone.
description: 73 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX, corresponds to published version
Generating Lode Runner Levels by Learning Player Paths with LSTMs
Creators: name: Sorochan, Kynan
name: Chen, Jerry
name: Yu, Yakun
name: Guzdial, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning has been a popular tool in many different fields, including procedural content generation. However, procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) approaches can struggle with controllability and coherence. In this paper, we attempt to address these problems by learning to generate human-like paths, and then generating levels based on these paths. We extract player path data from gameplay video, train an LSTM to generate new paths based on this data, and then generate game levels based on this path data. We demonstrate that our approach leads to more coherent levels for the game Lode Runner in comparison to an existing PCGML approach.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, Workshop on Procedural Content Generation
Equilibrium and traveling-wave solutions of plane Couette flow
Creators: name: Gibson, John F.
name: Halcrow, Jonathan
name: Cvitanović, Predrag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ten new equilibrium solutions to plane Couette flow in small periodic cells at low Reynolds number (Re) and two new traveling-wave solutions. The solutions are continued under changes of Re and spanwise period. We provide a partial classification of the isotropy groups of plane Couette flow and show which kinds of solutions are allowed by each isotropy group. We find two complementary visualizations particularly revealing. Suitably chosen sections of their 3D-physical space velocity fields are helpful in developing physical intuition about coherent structures observed in low Re turbulence. Projections of these solutions and their unstable manifolds from their infinite-dimensional state space onto suitably chosen 2- or 3-dimensional subspaces reveal their interrelations and the role they play in organizing turbulence in wall-bounded shear flows.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in J. Fluid Mechanics
Imprints of the cosmic void evolution on the baryon processes inside galaxy haloes
Creators: name: Medrano, Agustín M. Rodríguez
name: Paz, Dante J.
name: Stasyszyn, Federico A.
name: Ruiz, Andrés N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic voids provide a unique environment to study galaxy formation and evolution. In this paper, we analyse a set of hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations of voids, to analyse in detail their inner structures. These voids were identified in a cosmological simulation and classified according to their surrounding dynamics at very large scales: whether they are in expansion or contraction at their outskirts. We study how these environments and the dynamics of voids impact the baryonic processes inside haloes and their mechanisms of formation and evolution. We find an under-abundance of processed gas within the voids that can be associated with the lack of massive haloes. By studying the dynamical phase-space diagram of haloes and the halo-particle correlation function, we find that haloes inside of contracting voids are slightly affected by the presence of bigger structures, in comparison to haloes in the inner regions of expanding voids. Consistent signals are obtained both when using dark matter and gas particles. We show that the halo assembly depends on the void dynamical state: haloes in expanding voids assemble slowly than those in contracting voids and in the general universe. This difference in the assembly impacts the baryonic evolution of haloes. Overall the redshift range analysed, haloes in voids have less baryon content than haloes in the general universe and particularly at z = 0 less stellar content. Our results suggest that the large scale void environment modulate the baryonic process occurring inside haloes according to the void dynamical state.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted in MNRAS
A critical assessment of a constitutive theory for soils
Creators: name: Wong, Colin L. Y.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A constitutive theory for soil proposed by J.H. Prevost is explained in detail and examined for its limitations, appropriateness of assumptions, and capabilities. Three models using this theory are appraised: an undrained total stress formulation, an effective stress model for cohesionless soil, and a general effective stress model for any type of soil. The necessary equations are derived and the consequences of the implicit assumptions discussed. Methods for determining the parameters are presented and comparisons of the model predictions with actual test data are also made. It was found that the undrained total stress model is remarkably accurate for predicting the behavior of a kaolinite clay under a complex monotonic stress path. However, caution must be exercised when applying the model to heavily overconsolidated clays. Problems may also be encountered when applying the model to strain softening soils subjected to complex load paths. The effective stress models do not give good comparisons between predictions and test data. Some of the problems include a restriction of the models to monotonic loading and a mathematical inconsistency in formulating the general effective stress model. In their present form, the effective stress models are not suitable for predicting the effective stress behavior of soils.
Key Technology for Liquid Spawn Production and Green and High-yield Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii
Creators: name: ZHANG Yali
name: ZHAO Shuguang
name: LI Yu
name: LI Zhengpeng
name: ZHANG Cuie
name: SUN Xiaotao
name: ZHANG Yali
name: ZHAO Shuguang
name: LI Yu
name: LI Zhengpeng
name: ZHANG Cuie
name: SUN Xiaotao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Pleurotus eryngii, Liquid spawn, Factory cultivation, Green, High yield

description: [Objectives] Pleurotus eryngii is currently the second largest edible fungus variety cultivated in China, and it mainly adopts the bag cultivation mode. This study aims to effectively solve the problems of high cost of solid spawn, long spawn production cycle, low application level of green and high-yield cultivation technology and equipment, and unstable output and quality in the factory production process and to further promote industrial upgrading. [Methods] Since June, 2018, a series of research and technical optimizations had been carried out by a technical research team consisting of personnels from Vegetable Office of Guannan County, Institute of Edible Fungi of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Jiangsu Xiangru Biotechnology Co., Ltd., around the production of liquid spawn, introduction of excellent varieties of P. eryngii, medium pretreatment, autoclaving, clean room inoculation, digital cultivation, harvesting, packaging, etc. [Results] The key technology of industrial production, liquid spawn production and green and high-yield cultivation of P. eryngii are summarized. [Conclusions] The economic benefit of liquid spawn of P. eryngii is extremely considerable compared with liquid spawns such as branch spawn.
Cultuling Analysis: A New Methodology for Discovering Cultural Memes
Creators: name: Pishghadam, Reza
name: Ebrahimi, Shima
name: Derakhshan, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470202
subject: Asian cultural studies
classificationCode: 470207
subject: Cultural theory
classificationCode: 470208
subject: Culture, representation and identity
classificationCode: 470212
subject: Multicultural, intercultural and cross-cultural studies

description: The close relationship between language and culture has been highlighted by scholars in sociology, sociolinguistics, ethnography of communication, psychology, and linguistics. They postulate that language is a tool to instantiate cultural concepts and delineate how individuals perceive the world. Regarding such an outstanding impetus and triggered by the conceptualization of cultulings (culture in language), language structures and expressions can manifest the overt and covert cultural patterns. Not only can the cultuling analysis of a society disclose the cultural patterns entrenched in the language, but also it can unearth the effective and defective cultural memes. To this end, our cultural model, underpinned by environmental factors, cultural, emo-sensory, and linguistic differences, can provide a robust model to analyze cultulings of a given society. Therefore, to analyze and explain the cultulings, the cultural, emotioncy, and SPEAKING models are suggested to be collectively utilized to reflect the participants’ culture. The amalgamation of these models and the underlying environmental factors can delineate people’s specific behaviors and cultulings which can culminate in euculturing.
Toward Co-creative Dungeon Generation via Transfer Learning
Creators: name: Zhou, Zisen
name: Guzdial, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Co-creative Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) refers to systems where a PCGML agent and a human work together to produce output content. One of the limitations of co-creative PCGML is that it requires co-creative training data for a PCGML agent to learn to interact with humans. However, acquiring this data is a difficult and time-consuming process. In this work, we propose approximating human-AI interaction data and employing transfer learning to adapt learned co-creative knowledge from one game to a different game. We explore this approach for co-creative Zelda dungeon room generation.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, Workshop on Procedural Content Generation
Do evidence-based active-engagement courses reduce the gender gap in introductory physics?
Creators: name: Karim, N. I.
name: Maries, A.
name: Singh, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Prior research suggests that using evidence-based pedagogies can not only improve learning for all students, it can also reduce the gender gap. We describe the impact of physics education research based pedagogical techniques in flipped and active-engagement non-flipped courses on the gender gap observed with validated conceptual surveys. We compare male and female students' performance in courses which make significant use of evidence-based active engagement (EBAE) strategies with courses that primarily use lecture-based (LB) instruction. The analysis presented here includes data from two-semester sequences of introductory algebra-based and calculus-based introductory physics courses. The surveys used to assess student learning in the first and second semester courses were the Force Concept Inventory and the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, respectively. The performance of male and female students in EBAE courses at a particular level is compared with LB courses in two situations: (I) the same instructor taught two courses, one of which was an EBAE course and the other an LB course, while the homework, recitations and final exams were kept the same, (II) student performance in all of the EBAE courses taught by different instructors was averaged and compared with LB courses of the same type also averaged over different instructors. In all cases, we find that students in courses which make significant use of EBAE strategies, on average, outperformed students in courses of the same type using primarily LB instruction even though there was no statistically significant difference on the pretest before instruction. However, the gender gap persisted even in courses using EBAE methods. We also discuss correlations between the performance of male and female students on the validated conceptual surveys and the final exam, which had a heavy weight on quantitative problem solving.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2007.01355
Advances in Research on Rape Sclerotia and Resistance Breeding
Creators: name: YUAN Yan
name: GUO Suping
name: YANG Guanghuan
name: DAN Ba
name: YUAN Yan
name: GUO Suping
name: YANG Guanghuan
name: DAN Ba
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rape, Infection with sclerotium, Disease resistance breeding

description: Rapeseed is an important oil crop with high economic value. It can be used not only as edible oil and livestock feed, but also in medicine, industry and tourism. Sclerotium sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that harms the yield and quality of rape. This article mainly summarizes the research status of S. sclerotiorum from three aspects: the biological characteristics, infection mode, process and disease resistance breeding of S. sclerotiorum, and summarizes the future research directions of antibacterial sclerotium on rape, to provide reference for future research on sclerotinia.
Hard X-ray Variability of AGN
Creators: name: Beckmann, V.
name: Barthelmy, S. D.
name: Courvoisier, T. J. -L.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Soldi, S.
name: Tueller, J.
name: Wendt, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: Active Galactic Nuclei are known to be variable throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. An energy domain poorly studied in this respect is the hard X-ray range above 20 keV. Methods: The first 9 months of the Swift/BAT all-sky survey are used to study the 14 - 195 keV variability of the 44 brightest AGN. The sources have been selected due to their detection significance of >10 sigma. We tested the variability using a maximum likelihood estimator and by analysing the structure function. Results: Probing different time scales, it appears that the absorbed AGN are more variable than the unabsorbed ones. The same applies for the comparison of Seyfert 2 and Seyfert 1 objects. As expected the blazars show stronger variability. 15% of the non-blazar AGN show variability of >20% compared to the average flux on time scales of 20 days, and 30% show at least 10% flux variation. All the non-blazar AGN which show strong variability are low-luminosity objects with L(14-195 keV) < 1E44 erg/sec. Conclusions: Concerning the variability pattern, there is a tendency of unabsorbed or type 1 galaxies being less variable than the absorbed or type 2 objects at hardest X-rays. A more solid anti-correlation is found between variability and luminosity, which has been previously observed in soft X-rays, in the UV, and in the optical domain.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Review of Research Situation of Brassica oleracea var.italica
Creators: name: GAO Ying
name: GAO Ying
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var.italica), Nutritional value, Cultivation techniques, Field management, Prospects

description: Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var.italica), also called green broccoli, green cauliflower, and calabrese, belongs to genus Brassica in family Cruciferae, and is annual or biennial herbaceous plant. Both broccoli and cauliflower are varieties of Brassica oleracea L. Broccoli is rich in nutrients. Its protein, amino acids and vitamins are higher than cauliflower, and broccoli is easy to grow, the supply period is long, and it has a good market and economic value. This paper introduced broccoli-related information from broccoli's nutritional value, cultivation techniques, existing problems and prospects. In addition, on the basis of existing studies, it discussed the future development prospects of broccoli, in order to promote the production research of broccoli in China.
MHC-Gene-Polymorphism-in-Bangladeshi-Patients-with-Vitiligo--a-laboratory-based-cross-sectional-observational-study.pdf
Creators: name: Jbad BD
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110304 Dermatology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Vitiligo is a common depigmenting and disfiguring skin disease. Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and vitiligo is well known and several HLA studies across the population worldwide are done and found to be important in prediction of disease susceptibility.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) as a Low-loss Dielectric for Superconducting Quantum Circuits and Qubits
Creators: name: Wang, Joel I-J.
name: Yamoah, Megan A.
name: Li, Qing
name: Karamlou, Amir H.
name: Dinh, Thao
name: Kannan, Bharath
name: Braumueller, Jochen
name: Kim, David
name: Melville, Alexander J.
name: Muschinske, Sarah E.
name: Niedzielski, Bethany M.
name: Serniak, Kyle
name: Sung, Youngkyu
name: Winik, Roni
name: Yoder, Jonilyn L.
name: Schwartz, Mollie
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Orlando, Terry P.
name: Gustavsson, Simon
name: Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo
name: Oliver, William D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectrics with low loss at microwave frequencies are imperative for high-coherence solid-state quantum computing platforms. We study the dielectric loss of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) thin films in the microwave regime by measuring the quality factor of parallel-plate capacitors (PPCs) made of NbSe$_{2}$-hBN-NbSe$_{2}$ heterostructures integrated into superconducting circuits. The extracted microwave loss tangent of hBN is bounded to be at most in the mid-10$^{-6}$ range in the low temperature, single-photon regime. We integrate hBN PPCs with aluminum Josephson junctions to realize transmon qubits with coherence times reaching 25 $μ$s, consistent with the hBN loss tangent inferred from resonator measurements. The hBN PPC reduces the qubit feature size by approximately two-orders of magnitude compared to conventional all-aluminum coplanar transmons. Our results establish hBN as a promising dielectric for building high-coherence quantum circuits with substantially reduced footprint and, with a high energy participation that helps to reduce unwanted qubit cross-talk.
Nonlinear wave-wave interactions in stratified flows: Direct numerical simulations
Creators: name: Lvov, Yuri V.
name: Yokoyama, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the formation mechanism of energy spectra of internal waves in the oceans, direct numerical simulations are performed. The simulations are based on the reduced dynamical equations of rotating stratified turbulence. In the reduced dynamical equations only wave modes are retained, and vortices and horizontally uniform vertical shears are excluded. Despite the simplifications, our simulations reproduce some key features of oceanic internal-wave spectra: accumulation of energy at near-inertial waves and realistic frequency and horizontal wavenumber dependencies. Furthermore, we provide evidence that formation of the energy spectra in the inertial subrange is dominated by scale-separated interactions with the near-inertial waves. These findings support oceanographers' intuition that spectral energy density of internal waves is the result of predominantly wave-wave interactions.
Effect of Different Inoculation Methods on Pathogenicity of Fusarium proliferatum to Alfalfa
Creators: name: LUO Yinghua
name: LI Mengteng
name: LI Congyu
name: JIN Chenghao
name: LIU Xiangping
name: LUO Yinghua
name: LI Mengteng
name: LI Congyu
name: JIN Chenghao
name: LIU Xiangping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Alfalfa, Root rot, Fusarium proliferatum, Inoculation method, Disease resistance

description: [Objectives] To find out the suitable inoculation method for Fusarium proliferatum. [Methods] Longmu 801 and TG4 were inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud and seedling stages and with root irrigation at the seedling stage, respectively, and then, the plant height, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, incidence rate and disease index of the alfalfa were determined to conduct comprehensive resistance evaluation. [Results] There was obvious difference in disease resistance between the two alfalfa varieties. Among the three inoculation methods, the relative plant height, relative aboveground biomass and relative underground biomass of Longmu 801 differed insignificantly (P>0.05), all around 100. There were significant differences in TG4 among different inoculation methods (P<0.05). The incidence rates and disease indices of Longmu 801 and TG4 inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud stage were the highest, and their incidence rates and disease indices were 73.3% and 100%, and 40 and 60, respectively, significantly higher than those under the other two inoculation methods. The incidence rates and disease indices of Longmu 801 and TG4 inoculated with rice grain-based inoculum at the seedling stage were the lowest, and their incidence rates and disease indices were 0% and 13.30%, and 0 and 5.33, respectively, significantly lower than those under the other two inoculation methods. [Conclusions] The inoculation time and inoculation method of the pathogen both affect the inoculation effect. Among the three inoculation methods, the inoculation with rice grain-based inoculum at the bud stage is the most pathogenic to alfalfa seedlings, and can be popularized in the resistance evaluation of alfalfa to root diseases.
Comparative Analysis of Semen between Debao Pony and American Pearl Pony
Creators: name: CHEN Zhengyu
name: YANG Qisheng
name: HUANG Chunhua
name: GAN Lu
name: WANG Zihao
name: LIU Kejun
name: CHEN Zhengyu
name: YANG Qisheng
name: HUANG Chunhua
name: GAN Lu
name: WANG Zihao
name: LIU Kejun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Debao pony, American pearl pony, Semen, Comparison

description: [Objectives] The demand for ponies has been increasing in recent years, but the stock of Debao ponies is far from enough to supply market demand. In this context, this paper aims to achieve the purpose of conservation, purification and rejuvenation. [Methods] Under the conditions of same age, semen collection frequency, season, feeding environment, feed nutrition level, etc., the semen of Debao pony and American pearl pony were collected, respectively, and the quality of the semen collected was analyzed. [Results] There was no significant difference in semen volume between the two breeds of ponies; the sperm vitality of the firstly-collected semen of ponies of which the semen has not been collected for a long time was low. The semen quality of American pearl pony was slightly better than that of Debao pony. [Conclusions] When the semen quality of American pearl pony is stable, it can be used for cross-breeding with the Debao pony mare, highlighting the hybrid vigor of the two breeds, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the size of ponies.
Laguerre reconstruction of the BAO feature in halo-based mock galaxy catalogues
Creators: name: Nikakhtar, Farnik
name: Sheth, Ravi K.
name: Zehavi, Idit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fitting half-integer generalized Laguerre functions to the evolved, real-space dark matter and halo correlation functions provides a simple way to reconstruct their initial shapes. We show that this methodology also works well in a wide variety of realistic, assembly biased, velocity biased and redshift-space distorted mock galaxy catalogs. We use the linear point feature in the monopole of the redshift-space distorted correlation function to quantify the accuracy of our approach. We find that the linear point estimated from the mock galaxy catalogs is insensitive to the details of the biasing scheme at the sub-percent level. However, the linear point scale in the nonlinear, biased, and redshift-space distorted field is systematically offset from its scale in the unbiased linear density fluctuation field by more than 1%. In the Laguerre reconstructed correlation function, this is reduced to sub-percent values, so it provides comparable accuracy and precision to methods that reconstruct the full density field before estimating the distance scale. The linear point in the reconstructed density fields provided by these other methods is likewise precise, accurate, and insensitive to galaxy bias. All reconstructions depend on some input parameters, and marginalizing over uncertainties in the input parameters required for reconstruction can degrade both accuracy and precision. The linear point simplifies the marginalization process, enabling more realistic estimates of the precision of the distance scale estimate for negligible additional computational cost. We show this explicitly for Laguerre reconstruction.
description: Accepted for publication in PRD, 11 pages, 11 figures
Securing the Crypto Mining Infrastructure-A Comprehensive Approach to Advanced Cybersecurity
Creators: name: Roy, Nilesh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: CryptoMining
DrNileshRoy
CryptoSecurity
BlockchainSecurity
CryptoMiningSafety
CyberDefense
Cryptojacking
CloudSecurity
MiningInfrastructure
CyberThreats
CryptocurrencyHacks
DDoSProtection
ZeroTrustSecurity
AIforSecurity
CyberResilience
SupplyChainSecurity
HSM

description: Cryptocurrency mining has evolved from an underground activity into a mainstream enterprise that attracts investors, developers, and tech enthusiasts globally. With mining operations scaling up, cyber threats targeting these infrastructures have escalated. Crypto miners, decentralized by nature, often rely on distributed hardware and networks that remain susceptible to a wide range of cybersecurity threats, including malware, ransomware, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, and supply chain vulnerabilities. This whitepaper explores the advanced cybersecurity measures that can be optimally utilized to safeguard crypto mining infrastructures. Real-life examples of notable breaches and attacks are discussed to provide a concrete understanding of the risks involved. Finally, we outline five best practices and tools that mining operators can employ to secure their infrastructure effectively.
Magnetic properties of single atoms of Fe and Co on Ir(111) and Pt(111)
Creators: name: Etz, C.
name: Zabloudil, J.
name: Weinberger, P.
name: Vedmedenko, E. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In using the fully relativistic versions of the Embedded Cluster and Screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker methods for semi-infinite systems the magnetic properties of single adatoms of Fe and Co on Ir(111) and Pt(111) are studied. It is found that for Pt(111) Fe and Co adatoms are strongly perpendicularly oriented, while on Ir(111) the orientation of the magnetization is only out-of-plane for a Co adatom, for an Fe adatom it is in-plane. For comparison also the so-called band energy parts of the anisotropy energy of a single layer of Fe and Co on these two substrates are shown. The obtained results are compared to recent experimental studies using e.g. the spin-polarized STM technique.
Biased random walks on complex networks: the role of local navigation rules
Creators: name: Fronczak, Agata
name: Fronczak, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the biased random walk process in random uncorrelated networks with arbitrary degree distributions. In our model, the bias is defined by the preferential transition probability, which, in recent years, has been commonly used to study efficiency of different routing protocols in communication networks. We derive exact expressions for the stationary occupation probability, and for the mean transit time between two nodes. The effect of the cyclic search on transit times is also explored. Results presented in this paper give the basis for theoretical treatment of the transport-related problems on complex networks, including quantitative estimation of the critical value of the packet generation rate.
description: 5 pages (Phys. Rev style), 3 Figures
Research on the Mixed Teaching Model in Colleges and Universities in the Context of "Internet+"
Creators: name: BAO Wei
name: BAO Wei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: "Internet+ education", Mixed teaching model, Mobile learning platform

description: Under the tide of "Internet+ education", the new means of information technology education is constantly used in education and teaching, and the traditional teaching models and teaching methods urgently need to be changed. There is no doubt about the integration of online teaching and offline teaching. On the basis of reviewing the research on the mixed teaching model at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the idea of constructing the mixed teaching model in colleges and universities in the context of "Internet+", and sets up the mixed teaching model in colleges and universities in the context of "Internet+". Through the detailed and concrete design of the operation process of the mixed teaching model, we can break the single shackles of online teaching and face-to-face teaching, and form an interactive and collaborative teaching ecosystem to realize the common development of online teaching and offline teaching.
Constraining Properties of GRB Central Engines with X-ray flares
Creators: name: Yi, Shuang-Xi
name: Xie, Wei
name: Ma, Shuai-Bing
name: Lei, Wei-Hua
name: Du, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray flares in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to be generated by the late activities of central engine, and thus provide an useful tool to diagnose the properties of central objects. In this paper, we work on a GRB X-ray flare sample whose bulk Lorentz factors are constrained by two different methods and the jet opening angles are determined by the jet breaks in afterglow lightcurves. Considering a hyperaccreting stellar-mass black hole (BH) as the central engine of GRBs and the Blandford \& Znajek process (BZ) as the jet production mechanism, we constrain the parameters of central engine by using the X-ray flare data. We find that the BZ mechanism is so powerful making it possible to interpret both GRB prompt emissions and bright X-ray flares. The wind parameter ($p$) and accreted mass ($M_d$) fall into reasonable ranges. Our result is also applied to GRB 170817A. The late X-ray flare in GRB 170817A, if it is true, might not be a BH origin.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Hybrid Similarity-Aware Graph Neural Network with Transformer for Node Classification
Creators: name: Singh, Aman
name: Dar, Shahid Shafi
name: Singh, Ranveer
name: Kumar, Nagendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Node classification has gained significant importance in graph deep learning with real-world applications such as recommendation systems, drug discovery, and citation networks. Graph Convolutional Networks and Graph Transformers have achieved superior performance in node classification tasks. However, the key concern with Graph Convolutional Networks is over-squashing, which limits their ability to capture long-range dependencies in the network. Additionally, Graph Transformers face scalability challenges, making it difficult to process large graphs efficiently. To address this, we propose a novel framework, A Hybrid SImilarity-Aware Graph Neural Network with Transformer for Node Classification (SIGNNet), which capitalizes on local and global structural information, enhances the model's capability to effectively capture fine-grained relationships and broader contextual patterns within the graph structure. The proposed method leverages Graph Convolutional Networks alongside a score-based mechanism to effectively capture local and global node interactions while addressing the limitations of over-squashing. Our proposed method employs a novel Personalized PageRank-based node sampling method to address scalability issues by generating subgraphs of nodes. Additionally, SIGNNet incorporates a novel attention mechanism, Structure-Aware Multi-Head Attention (SA-MHA), which integrates node structural information for informed attention weighting, enabling the model to prioritize nodes based on topological significance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the significant improvements achieved by the proposed method over existing state-of-the-art methods, with average accuracy gains of 6.03%, 5.47%, 4.78%, 19.10%, 19.61%, 7.22%, 19.54%, and 14.94% on Cora, Citeseer, CS, Wisconsin, Texas, Actor, Cornell and Chameleon datasets, respectively.
Effect of confining pressure and particle angularity on resistance to liquefaction
Creators: name: Tumi, Hadi Omran Zaglut
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A study to investigate the effects of particle angularity and high confining stresses on liquefaction resistance of sands is presented. Two quartz sands of identical mineral composition and gradation but differing in particle angularity were used. The investigations were performed under cyclic simple shear condition which closely simulates field stress conditions. Resistance to liquefaction is compared for angular and rounded sands over a range of relative densities and confining stresses. Confining stress of up to 2500 kPa were applied to represent the condition of granular materials in high dams. The change in liquefaction resistance with increase in confining stress is shown for each sand for a range of relative densities. The data indicates that little benefit is gained in dynamic resistance by initially densifying tailings sands which will later be subjected to high confining stresses.
United classification of cosmic gamma-ray bursts and their counterparts
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: United classification of gamma-ray bursts and their counterparts is established on the basis of measured characteristics: photon energy E and emission duration T. The founded interrelation between the mentioned characteristics of events consists in that, as the energy increases, the duration decreases (and vice versa). The given interrelation reflects the nature of the phenomenon and forms the E-T diagram, which represents a natural classification of all observed events in the energy range from 10E9 to 10E-6 eV and in the corresponding interval of durations from about 10E-2 up to 10E8 s. The proposed classification results in the consequences, which are principal for the theory and practical study of the phenomenon.
description: Keywords Gamma rays: bursts
Utilization of Membrane Process in Cheese Industry
Creators: name: Salma Shaji And Rashmi K.G
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description: In the sphere of cheese production, membrane technology has emerged as a promising breakthrough for improving the efficiency and quality of cheese manufacturing. This review emphasizes the numerous membrane-based procedures, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis and their application in cheese production. Membrane technology precisely manages the fractionation, concentration, and separation of milk components. Ultrafiltration and microfiltration are the two main membrane processes which are widely used in the cheese industry.
MHC Gene Polymorphism in Bangladeshi Patients with Vitiligo- a laboratory based cross-sectional observational study
Creators: name: Sharmin Sultana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110304 Dermatology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Vitiligo is a common depigmenting and disfiguring skin disease. Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and vitiligo is well known and several HLA studies across the population worldwide are done and found to be important in prediction of disease susceptibility.
DEFIS DE LA PLANIFICATION DU DEVELOPPEMENT DANS LA NOUVELLE PROVINCE DU KASAÏ : VERS UNE AUTONOMIE ET UNE GOUVERNANCE PARTICIPATIVE
Creators: name: ALEXANDRE TSHIMBILA KALENGA
name: Tarcis LUKENGEDIA MASOLO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: La planification du développement représente un cadre stratégique essentiel pour l'organisation harmonieuse des éléments économiques et sociaux. Grâce aux avancées des techniques modernes, cette approche vise à améliorer le bien-être des populations. Contrairement à une idée reçue, la planification du développement n'est pas exclusivement destinée aux pays émergents ou nouvellement indépendants ; elle est également pertinente pour toutes les nations aspirant à une croissance durable et à une amélioration significative de leur qualité de vie. Dans ce contexte, la nouvelle province du Kasaï se trouve à un tournant crucial, où l'application de cette méthodologie de planification est incontournable pour atteindre ses objectifs de développement.
Energetics of the Charge Generation in Organic Donor-Acceptor Interfaces
Creators: name: Andermann, Artur M.
name: Rego, Luis G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) materials have posed new paradigms for the design of organic solar cells (OSC), whereby efficient carrier generation is obtained with small driving forces, in order to maximize the open-circuit voltage. In this paper we use a coarse-grained mixed quantum-classical method, that combines Ehrenfest and Redfield theories, to shed light on charge generation process in small energy offset interfaces. We have investigated the influence of the energetic driving force as well as the vibronic effects on the charge generation and photovoltaic energy conversion. By analyzing the effects of the Holstein and Peierls vibrational couplings, we find that vibrational couplings produce an overall effect of improving the charge generation. However, the two vibronic mechanisms play different roles: the Holstein relaxation mechanism decreases the charge generation whereas the Peierls mechanism always assists the charge generation. Moreover, by examining the electron-hole binding energy as a function of time, we evince two distinct regimes for the charge separation: the temperature independent excitonic spread on a sub-100 fs timescale and the complete dissociation of the charge-transfer state that occurs on the timescale of tens to hundreds of picoseconds, depending on the temperature. The quantum dynamics of the system exhibits the three regimes of the Marcus electron transfer kinetics as the energy offset of the interface is varied.
description: Discussion about role of electric-field in charge dissociation included; general manuscript revision; to appear in JCP
Super-AGB stars: evolution and associated nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Pumo, M. L.
name: Siess, L.
name: Zappala', R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on evolutionary computations of 90 stellar models, we have analysed the impact of initial composition and core overshooting on the post-He-burning evolution and the associated nucleosynthesis of Super-AGB stars, pointing particular attention on the C-burning phase. Moreover the possible link between the transition masses $M_{up}$, $M_{N}$ and $M_{mas}$ (defined as the critical initial mass above which C-burning ignites, the minimum initial mass for an electron-capture supernova and the minimum initial mass for the completion of all the nuclear burning phases respectively) and the properties of the core during the core He-burning phase is also briefly discussed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the ''Catania workshop on nuclear and neutrino astrophysics'', Catania, Italy, February 15-16 2007