cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Tourism to Economic Growth and Food Security
Creators: name: Richardson, Robert B.
name: Richardson, Robert B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: Many developing countries have managed to increase their participation in the global economy through development of international tourism. Tourism development is increasingly viewed as an important tool in promoting economic growth, alleviating poverty, and advancing food security. This briefing note aims to review the relationship between tourism and poverty reduction, and to explore how investment in tourism development in Mali may contribute to national development goals. Numerous studies have demonstrated that tourism can play a significant role in balanced sustainable development, and that it can be effectively harnessed to generate net benefits for the poor (UNWTO, 2002). Tourism is a principal export for 83% of developing countries, and it is the most significant source of foreign exchange after petroleum. Figure 1 illustrates that the rate of tourism growth in lower-middle income developing countries and in the 50 least developed countries (LDCs) has been approximately double the world average growth rate in recent years, and almost triple the growth rate for high income countries. Developing countries’ share of international tourist arrivals more than doubled from 1973 to 2000 (UNWTO, 2002). Tourism comprises a significant part of the world’s growing service sector; in sub-Saharan Africa, tourism accounts for approximately 55% of service sector exports (UNWTO, 2004).
Bow-shocks, nova shells, disc winds and tilted discs: The Nova-Like V341 Ara Has It All
Creators: name: Segura, N. Castro
name: Knigge, C.
name: Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
name: Altamirano, D.
name: del Palacio, S.
name: Santisteban, J. V. Hernandez
name: Pahari, M.
name: Rodriguez-Gil, P.
name: Belardi, C.
name: Buckley, D. A. H.
name: Burleigh, M. R.
name: Childress, M.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Hewitt, D. M.
name: James, D. J.
name: Kuhn, R. B.
name: Kuin, N. P. M.
name: Pepper, J.
name: Ponomareva, A. A.
name: Pretorius, M. L.
name: Rodríguez, J. E.
name: Stassun, K. G.
name: Williams, D. R. A.
name: Woudt, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: V341 Ara was recently recognised as one of the closest (d ~ 150 pc) and brightest (V~ 10) nova-like cataclysmic variables. This unique system is surrounded by a bright emission nebula, likely to be the remnant of a recent nova eruption. Embedded within this nebula is a prominent bow-shock, where the system's accretion disc wind runs into its own nova shell. In order to establish its fundamental properties, we present the first comprehensive multi-wavelength study of the system. Long-term photometry reveals quasi-periodic, super-orbital variations with a characteristic time-scale of 10-16 days and typical amplitude of ~1 mag. High-cadence photometry from TESS reveals for the first time both the orbital period and a "negative superhump" period. The latter is usually interpreted as the signature of a tilted accretion disc. We propose a recently developed disc instability model as a plausible explanation for the photometric behaviour. In our spectroscopic data, we clearly detect anti-phased absorption and emission line components. Their radial velocities suggest a high mass ratio, which in turn implies an unusually low white dwarf mass. We also constrain the wind mass-loss rate of the system from the spatially resolved [O iii] emission produced in the bow-shock; this can be used to test and calibrate accretion disc wind models. We suggest a possible association between V341 Ara and a "guest star" mentioned in Chinese historical records in AD1240. If this marks the date of the system's nova eruption, V341 Ara would be the oldest recovered nova of its class and an excellent laboratory for testing nova theory.
description: Accepted in MNRAS
Fitting Formula for Flux Scintillation of Compact Radio Sources
Creators: name: Goodman, J.
name: Narayan, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fitting function to describe the statistics of flux modulations caused by interstellar scintillation. The function models a very general quantity: the cross-correlation of the flux observed from a compact radio source of finite angular size observed at two frequencies and at two positions or times. The formula will be useful for fitting data from sources such as intra-day variables and gamma-ray burst afterglows. These sources are often observed at relatively high frequencies (several gigahertz) where interstellar scattering is neither very strong nor very weak, so that asymptotic formulae are inapplicable.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures. To be published in ApJ
Entanglement and control of single quantum memories in isotopically engineered silicon carbide
Creators: name: Bourassa, Alexandre
name: Anderson, Christopher P.
name: Miao, Kevin C.
name: Onizhuk, Mykyta
name: Ma, He
name: Crook, Alexander L.
name: Abe, Hiroshi
name: Ul-Hassan, Jawad
name: Ohshima, Takeshi
name: Son, Nguyen T.
name: Galli, Giulia
name: Awschalom, David D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear spins in the solid state are both a cause of decoherence and a valuable resource for spin qubits. In this work, we demonstrate control of isolated 29Si nuclear spins in silicon carbide (SiC) to create an entangled state between an optically active divacancy spin and a strongly coupled nuclear register. We then show how isotopic engineering of SiC unlocks control of single weakly coupled nuclear spins and present an ab initio method to predict the optimal isotopic fraction which maximizes the number of usable nuclear memories. We bolster these results by reporting high-fidelity electron spin control (F=99.984(1)%), alongside extended coherence times (T2=2.3 ms, T2DD>14.5 ms), and a >40 fold increase in dephasing time (T2*) from isotopic purification. Overall, this work underlines the importance of controlling the nuclear environment in solid-state systems and provides milestone demonstrations that link single photon emitters with nuclear memories in an industrially scalable material.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
Az agrár-külkereskedelem versenyképességének vizsgálata CMS-modellekkel
Creators: name: Poor, Judit
name: Poor, Judit
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: agrár-külkereskedelem
subject: versenyképesség
subject: CMS-modell
subject: agricultural foreign trade
subject: competitiveness
subject: CMS model.

description: A tanulmány célja, hogy az agrár-külkereskedelem versenyképességének vizsgálatára a nemzetközi szakirodalmakban alkalmazott három CMS-modellt bemutassa, kiemelve hasonlóságaikat és különbözőségeiket. Az egyes modellek az exportnövekmény mögött alapvetően a referenciapiac növekedésének, a termék-, valamint piacösszetétel módosulásának, illetve a versenyképességet jelző termék- és célország-szintű részesedések változásának hatását vizsgálják. ------------------------------------------------------------- This paper aims to introduce three CMS models used in the international literature to examine the competitiveness of agricultural foreign trade, highlighting their similarities and differences. Essentially, each model examines the growth of the reference market, the changes in the product and market composition, and the changes in the shares of the products and destination countries indicating competitiveness, as factors underlying the growth in exports. There are similarities among the components of the various models. The factors examined by the Fagerberg-Sollie model are in terms of substance similar to those of the other two models, while the focus of the investigation is essentially different. Changes in the aggregate share in exports are underpinned by changes in the shares at the level of products and destination countries (competitiveness factors) and the impact of changes in product composition and market distribution, which naturally has an impact on aggregated exports. Built into a one-step model, the Fagerberg-Sollie model would enable a more complex analysis of the competitive effect in the two-step Jepma model. The models help to examine the weight of components in the changes of shares and exports with the help of a distribution ratio, which can firstly help the evaluation of the results and secondly enable the comparison of the countries.
5-dimensional Brans-Dicke Theory and Cosmic Acceleration
Creators: name: Qiang, Li-e
name: Ma, Yongge
name: Han, Muxin
name: Yu, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a 5-dimensional scalar-tensor theory which is a direct generalization of the original 4-dimensional Brans-Dicke theory to 5-dimensions. By assuming that there is a hypersurface-orthogonal spacelike Killing vector field in the underlying 5-dimensional spacetime, the theory is reduced to a 4-dimensional theory where the 4-metric is coupled with two scalar fields. The cosmological implication of this reduced theory is then studied in the Robertson-Walker model. It turns out that the two scalar fields may account naturally for the present accelerated expansion of our universe. The observational restriction of the reduced cosmological model is also analyzed.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, revised version to appear in PRD
Distance-dependent connectivity: Yet Another Approach to the Small World Phenomenon
Creators: name: Medo, Matus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a relationship network of humans located in a metric space where relationships are drawn according to a distance-dependent probability density. The obtained spatial graph allows us to calculate the average separation of people in a very simple manner. The acquired results agree with the well-known presence of the small-world phenomenon in human relationships. They indicate that this feature can be understood merely as a consequence of the probability composition. We also examine how this phenomenon evolves with the development of human society.
description: 14 pages, 6 Metapost figures, LaTeX; minor changes (e.g. Fig. 1) and corrected typos
Where Responsible AI meets Reality: Practitioner Perspectives on Enablers for shifting Organizational Practices
Creators: name: Rakova, Bogdana
name: Yang, Jingying
name: Cramer, Henriette
name: Chowdhury, Rumman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large and ever-evolving technology companies continue to invest more time and resources to incorporate responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) into production-ready systems to increase algorithmic accountability. This paper examines and seeks to offer a framework for analyzing how organizational culture and structure impact the effectiveness of responsible AI initiatives in practice. We present the results of semi-structured qualitative interviews with practitioners working in industry, investigating common challenges, ethical tensions, and effective enablers for responsible AI initiatives. Focusing on major companies developing or utilizing AI, we have mapped what organizational structures currently support or hinder responsible AI initiatives, what aspirational future processes and structures would best enable effective initiatives, and what key elements comprise the transition from current work practices to the aspirational future.
description: In Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing
Implementation of an analytically based scatter correction in SPECT reconstructions
Creators: name: Vandervoort, Eric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Photon scatter is one of the main effects that degrade the quality and quantitative accuracy of SPECT images. The objective of the work performed in this thesis was to develop and validate a scatter correction technique that uses an accurate physics-based model of photon scatter as part of an iterative image reconstruction algorithm. This work was performed in two distinct stages. The first stage was to develop a scatter calculation based on a simplified version of an existing technique, the analytic photon distribution (APD) method. The scatter distributions generated using the approximate technique were compared to those obtained using the original APD method. On average the differences between the two methods were small relative to the statistical uncertainty in SPECT projection data (between 6 to 30 times smaller depending on the activity distribution) for a typical perfusion study. The second stage was to implement this scatter correction in an image reconstruction algorithm, and test its performance using computer simulated projection data, experimental data obtained from physical phantoms, and patient data. Images corrected for scatter, attenuation and collimator blurring were compared to images corrected only for attenuation and collimator blurring. In the simulation studies results were compared to an ideal situation in which only the primary (unscattered) photon data is reconstructed. In all cases, the scatter corrected images demonstrate substantially improved image contrast relative to no scatter correction. In simulations the scatter corrected and primaryonly images had similar contrast (to within 3%) and noise properties. Images with no scatter correction had contrast values 29% poorer on average than the ideal correction. Currently this scatter correction takes 3 to 4 hours for a typical clinical myocardial study. In the future additional code optimization and some improvements in computer processor speed could allow this scatter correction to be implemented clinically.
Grothendieck-Witt groups of some singular schemes
Creators: name: Karoubi, Max
name: Schlichting, Marco
name: Weibel, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish some structural results for the Witt and Grothendieck-Witt groups of schemes over $\mathbb{Z}[1/2]$, including homotopy invariance for Witt groups and a formula for the Witt and Grothendieck-Witt groups of punctured affine spaces over a scheme. All these results hold for singular schemes and at the level of spectra.
description: There is an appendix by M. Schlichting
Constraints on the star formation history of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Javiel, S. C.
name: Santiago, B. X.
name: Kerber, L. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of deep colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of 6 stellar fields in the LMC. The data were obtained using HST/WFPC2 in the I and V filters, reaching V=26.5. We discuss and apply a method of correcting CMDs for photometric incompleteness. A method to generate artificial CMDs based on a model star formation history is also developed. This method incorporates photometric error effects, unresolved binaries, reddening and allows use of different forms of the initial mass function and of the SFH itself. We use the Partial Models Method, as presented by Gallart and others, for CMD modelling, and include control experiments to prove its validity in a search for constraints on the Large Magellanic Cloud star formation history in different regions. Reliable star formation histories for each field are recovered by this method. In all fields, a gap in star formation with t=700 Myrs is observed. Field-to-field variations have also been observed. The two fields near the LMC bar present some significant star forming events, having formed both young (t < 1Gyr) and old (t > 10 Gyrs) stars, with a clear gap from 3-6 Gyrs. Two other fields display quite similar SFHs, with increased star formation having taken place at t=2-3 Gyrs and 6 < t < 10 Gyrs. The remaining two fields present star formation histories closer to uniform, with no clear event of enhanced star formation.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, A&A (2005) in press
Még egyszer a földtulajdonról
Creators: name: Burgerne Gimes, Anna
name: Burgerne Gimes, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: birtokpolitika
subject: földtulajdon-liberalizáció
subject: földvásárlási tilalom
subject: birtokszabályozás
subject: állami földalap
subject: land policy
subject: liberalisation of land ownership
subject: prohibition of land acquisition
subject: land regulation
subject: public land fund

description: A magyarországi földpiac liberalizációja mellett számos érv szól. Ilyen elsősorban, hogy a belföldi piacot kellene mielőbb szabaddá tenni, azaz a földvásárlási és tulajdoni korlátozásokat megszüntetni az erőteljesebb mezőgazdasági fejlődés érdekében. A külföldiek földvásárlási tilalmának megszüntetését nemcsak az EU szabad áru,- személy- és tőkeforgalomra vonatkozó irányelvei és jogszabályai követelik meg, hanem a kapitalizmus szabad áruforgalomra, vagyontárgyak és szolgáltatások forgalmára vonatkozó piaci törvényei is. Az újonnan belépett országok többsége már számottevően oldotta, illetőleg teljesen megszüntette a föld szabad forgalmára vonatkozó korlátozásokat. Mindezek ellenére a magyar kormány kérvényezni kívánja, hogy az EU további három évvel hosszabbítsa meg a szabad földpiac hétéves moratóriumát. Sőt mi több, nagy valószínűséggel olyan belföldi birtokszabályozást kíván törvénybe iktatni, amely a moratórium feloldása után is erőteljesen korlátozza a szabad földforgalmat. Helyes lenne, ha az állam – legalább részben – a szegénység enyhítésére használná fel az állami földalapot. ---------------------------------------------------------- There are many arguments for the liberalisation of land ownership in Hungary. These include in the first place that the domestic market should be liberalised as soon as possible by lifting restrictions on land acquisition and ownership to strengthen agricultural development. Lifting the prohibition of land acquisition by foreigners is a requirement arising not only from the directives and regulations of the EU concerning the free movement of goods, persons and capital but also from the rules of the market economy relating to the free movement of goods, property and services. The majority of the new Member States have already considerably released or completely abolished the restrictions on the free trade in land. Nevertheless, the Hungarian government intends to request the EU to renew the seven-year moratorium on the free market of land for another three years. Moreover, the national land regulation to be enacted will probably impose heavy restrictions on the free trade in land after the moratorium is lifted. The state should rightly use the public land fund – or at least part of it – for the alleviation of poverty.
Additional file 2 of Effect of subinhibitory exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds on the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains in animal husbandry
Creators: name: H. Maertens
name: K. Demeyere
name: K. De Reu
name: J. Dewulf
name: D. Vanhauteghem
name: E. Van Coillie
name: Meyer, E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Viability (%) results of both live and dead controls of each Escherichia coli isolate, expressed as mean +/− standard deviation.
Additional file 3 of Effect of subinhibitory exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds on the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains in animal husbandry
Creators: name: H. Maertens
name: K. Demeyere
name: K. De Reu
name: J. Dewulf
name: D. Vanhauteghem
name: E. Van Coillie
name: Meyer, E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1. Illustrative flow cytometric DIBAC4 (3) (FITC-A)/PI (PC5.5A) dot plots representing a live and dead control.
PINNeik: Eikonal solution using physics-informed neural networks
Creators: name: Waheed, Umair bin
name: Haghighat, Ehsan
name: Alkhalifah, Tariq
name: Song, Chao
name: Hao, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eikonal equation is utilized across a wide spectrum of science and engineering disciplines. In seismology, it regulates seismic wave traveltimes needed for applications like source localization, imaging, and inversion. Several numerical algorithms have been developed over the years to solve the eikonal equation. However, these methods require considerable modifications to incorporate additional physics, such as anisotropy, and may even breakdown for certain complex forms of the eikonal equation, requiring approximation methods. Moreover, they suffer from computational bottleneck when repeated computations are needed for perturbations in the velocity model and/or the source location, particularly in large 3D models. Here, we propose an algorithm to solve the eikonal equation based on the emerging paradigm of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). By minimizing a loss function formed by imposing the eikonal equation, we train a neural network to output traveltimes that are consistent with the underlying partial differential equation. We observe sufficiently high traveltime accuracy for most applications of interest. We also demonstrate how the proposed algorithm harnesses machine learning techniques like transfer learning and surrogate modeling to speed up traveltime computations for updated velocity models and source locations. Furthermore, we use a locally adaptive activation function and adaptive weighting of the terms in the loss function to improve convergence rate and solution accuracy. We also show the flexibility of the method in incorporating medium anisotropy and free-surface topography compared to conventional methods that require significant algorithmic modifications. These properties of the proposed PINN eikonal solver are highly desirable in obtaining a flexible and efficient forward modeling engine for seismological applications.
Kiút az integrált agrártermelés modellje
Creators: name: Gazdag, Laszlo
name: Gazdag, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: termőföld
subject: szövetkezés
subject: integrált agrártermelés
subject: agricultural land
subject: co-operatives
subject: integrated agricultural production

description: A termőföld csak akkor marad magyar kézben, ha tulajdonosának megfelelő jövedelmet, létbiztonságot nyújt. Ha ez elmarad, akkor az „istenadta föld” át fog menni külföldiek kezébe, bármilyen jogszabályokat is hozzunk! A tőkeerős, megfelelő méretű családi farm és a szuverén földtulajdonosok szövetkezése útján létrehozott, működtetett szövetkezeti nagyüzem lehet erre együtt, egymás mellett a garancia. Különben a kisüzem elbukik és földje átmegy a külföldi tőkeerős agrárvállalkozók kezé¬be, és akkor a magyar agrártermelő bérmunkásként dolgozhat a külföldi kézben levő árutermelő latifundiumokon! ------------------------------------------------------ Agricultural land cannot remain in Hungarian ownership, unless it can provide to land owners adequate income and security in life. Without these, land – this “gift of God” – will go into the possession of foreign owners, no matter what kind of legislation is adopted! A possible guarantee could be the parallel creation of family farms of adequate size with capital strength, on the one hand, and large co-operatives, on the other hand, through the alliance of sovereign land owners. Otherwise small busines¬ses will fail, and the land will be taken over by agricultural entrepreneurs who have capital strength. In this scenario, Hungarian agricultural producers would work as wage labourers on commodity producing latifundia owned by foreigners!
Additional file 4 of Effect of subinhibitory exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds on the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains in animal husbandry
Creators: name: H. Maertens
name: K. Demeyere
name: K. De Reu
name: J. Dewulf
name: D. Vanhauteghem
name: E. Van Coillie
name: Meyer, E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. Associations between the variables of the experiment and the viability of the live and intermediate Escherichia coli isolates’ subpopulations (%) after ciprofloxacin treatment.
A Dusty Disk Around GD 362, a White Dwarf With a Uniquely High Photospheric Metal Abundance
Creators: name: Becklin, E. E.
name: Farihi, J.
name: Jura, M.
name: Song, Inseok
name: Weinberger, A. J.
name: Zuckerman, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eighteen years after an infrared excess was discovered associated with the white dwarf G29-38, we report ground-based measurements (JHKL'N') with mJy-level sensitivity of GD 362 that show it to be a second single white dwarf with an infrared excess. As a first approximation, the excess around GD 362, which amounts to about 3% of the total stellar luminosity, can be explained by emission from a passive, flat, opaque dust disk that lies within the Roche radius of the white dwarf. The dust may have been produced by the tidal disruption of a large parent body such as an asteroid. Accretion from this circumstellar disk could account for the remarkably high abundance of metals in the star's photosphere.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. ApJ Letters, in press
A táplálkozási kultúra átalakulása Délkelet-Ázsiában
Creators: name: Nemes-Sipos, Sandor
name: Nemes-Sipos, Sandor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: táplálkozási kultúra
subject: Délkelet-Ázsia
subject: élelmiszer-gazdasági reform
subject: társadalmi átalakulás
subject: modernizáció
subject: gastronomy habits
subject: Southeast Asia
subject: food economy reform
subject: social transformation
subject: modernisation

description: Megállapítható, hogy a globalizációval együtt járó modernizációs és életminőség-javító folyamatok a tradíciókat csak igen lassan és korántsem teljes egészében váltják fel. A táplálkozási kultúrában kettősség érvényesül, fokozatosan billentve a mérleget a korhoz igazodó étkezési szokások felé. Különösen értékesek ezek a tapasztalatok az ázsiai piacon kereskedelmi szándékkal megjelenők számára. Megállapítható, hogy miközben folyamatosan nő a fizetőképes középrétegek és a foglalkoztatottak, így a korszerűbb élelmezési szokásokkal megismerkedők száma, ez mind magasabb minőségi elvárásokkal párosul. A helyi adottságoktól függően ez a mérsékeltebben feldolgozott termékek iránti igényt, vagy éppen csúcsminőség megkövetelését jelentheti. Bizonyos, hogy folytatódik az eltolódás a táplálékok összetételében egyrészt a nem-hagyományos gabonaneműek felé, másrészt a félkész- és késztermékek, a tartósított, de egyben egészséges és a helyi ízvilággal összhangba hozott termékek iránt.A verseny e piacokon – éppen azok tekintélyes mérete és tartósan fizetőképes volta következtében – hatalmas, ahol meg kell küzdenie az európai és észak-amerikai, illetve ausztrál és új-zélandi versenytársakon túlmenően – egyre erőteljesebben – a helyi termelőkkel is. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Modernisation and the processes which improve the quality of life – brought about by globalisation – are only replacing traditions slowly and far from completely. There is a duality in gastronomy habits, gradually tipping the balance in favour of dietary habits which fit our modern age. These findings are of particular value to commercial players wishing to enter the Asian markets. It is concluded that while the numbers of employees and the middle layers of society are continuously increasing, and thus the size of population familiar with modern dietary habits is increasing as well, this process is accompanied by the rising expectations regarding quality. Depending on local preferences, this may mean a demand for less-processed products or even a demand for top quality. It is ascertained that the emphasis in the composition of foods will continue to shift towards non-traditional cereals on one hand and towards half-ready and ready-to-serve meals as well as preserved food on the other hand, which must still be healthy and be adapted to the local flavours. Competition in this sizeable and reliably solvent market is intense. Competitors include European, North American, Australian and New Zealander producers, and increasingly local producers as well.
Observation of superfluidity in a strongly correlated two-dimensional Fermi gas
Creators: name: Sobirey, Lennart
name: Luick, Niclas
name: Bohlen, Markus
name: Biss, Hauke
name: Moritz, Henning
name: Lompe, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding how strongly correlated two-dimensional (2D) systems can give rise to unconventional superconductivity with high critical temperatures is one of the major unsolved problems in condensed matter physics. Ultracold 2D Fermi gases have emerged as clean and controllable model systems to study the interplay of strong correlations and reduced dimensionality, but direct evidence of superfluidity in these systems has been missing. Here, we demonstrate superfluidity in an ultracold 2D Fermi gas by moving a periodic potential through the system and observing no dissipation below a critical velocity v$_{\rm c}$. We measure v$_{\rm c}$ as a function of interaction strength and find a maximum in the crossover regime between bosonic and fermionic superfluidity. Our measurement establishes ultracold Fermi gases as a powerful tool for studying the influence of reduced dimensionality on strongly correlated superfluids.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Effect of subinhibitory exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds on the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains in animal husbandry
Creators: name: H. Maertens
name: K. Demeyere
name: K. De Reu
name: J. Dewulf
name: D. Vanhauteghem
name: E. Van Coillie
name: Meyer, E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Associations between the variables of the experiment and plate counts (log CFU/mL) after ciprofloxacin treatment.
Measurement of Conduction and Valence Bands g-factors in a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayer
Creators: name: Robert, Cedric
name: Dery, Hanan
name: Ren, Lei
name: van Tuan, Dinh
name: Courtade, Emmanuel
name: Yang, Min
name: Urbaszek, Bernhard
name: Lagarde, Delphine
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Amand, Thierry
name: Marie, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron valley and spin degree of freedom in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides can be manipulated in optical and transport measurements performed in magnetic fields. The key parameter for determining the Zeeman splitting, namely the separate contribution of the electron and hole g-factor, is inaccessible in most measurements. Here we present an original method that gives access to the respective contribution of the conduction and valence band to the measured Zeeman splitting. It exploits the optical selection rules of exciton complexes, in particular the ones involving inter-valley phonons, avoiding strong renormalization effects that compromise single particle g-factor determination in transport experiments. These studies yield a direct determination of single band g factors. We measure gc1= 0.86, gc2=3.84 for the bottom (top) conduction bands and gv=6.1 for the valence band of monolayer WSe2. These measurements are helpful for quantitative interpretation of optical and transport measurements performed in magnetic fields. In addition the measured g-factors are valuable input parameters for optimizing band structure calculations of these 2D materials.
Allelomimesis as universal clustering mechanism for complex adaptive systems
Creators: name: Juanico, Dranreb Earl
name: Monterola, Christopher
name: Saloma, Caesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Animal and human clusters are complex adaptive systems and many are organized in cluster sizes $s$ that obey the frequency-distribution $D(s)\propto s^{-τ}$. Exponent $τ$ describes the relative abundance of the cluster sizes in a given system. Data analyses have revealed that real-world clusters exhibit a broad spectrum of $τ$-values, $0.7\textrm{(tuna fish schools)}\leqτ\leq 2.95\textrm{(galaxies)}$. We show that allelomimesis is a fundamental mechanism for adaptation that accurately explains why a broad spectrum of $τ$-values is observed in animate, human and inanimate cluster systems. Previous mathematical models could not account for the phenomenon. They are hampered by details and apply only to specific systems such as cities, business firms or gene family sizes. Allelomimesis is the tendency of an individual to imitate the actions of its neighbors and two cluster systems yield different $τ$ values if their component agents display different allelomimetic tendencies. We demonstrate that allelomimetic adaptation are of three general types: blind copying, information-use copying, and non-copying. Allelomimetic adaptation also points to the existence of a stable cluster size consisting of three interacting individuals.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
TOI-1338: TESS' First Transiting Circumbinary Planet
Creators: name: Kostov, Veselin B.
name: Orosz, Jerome A.
name: Feinstein, Adina D.
name: Welsh, William F.
name: Cukier, Wolf
name: Haghighipour, Nader
name: Quarles, Billy
name: Martin, David V.
name: Montet, Benjamin T.
name: Torres, Guillermo
name: Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.
name: Barclay, Thomas
name: Boyd, Patricia
name: Briceno, Cesar
name: Cameron, Andrew Collier
name: Correia, Alexandre C. M.
name: Gilbert, Emily A.
name: Gill, Samuel
name: Gillon, Michael
name: Haqq-Misra, Jacob
name: Hellier, Coel
name: Dressing, Courtney
name: Fabrycky, Daniel C.
name: Furesz, Gabor
name: Jenkins, Jon
name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Kopparapu, Ravi
name: Hodzic, Vedad Kunovac
name: Latham, David W.
name: Law, Nicholas
name: Levine, Alan M.
name: Li, Gongjie
name: Lintott, Chris
name: Lissauer, Jack J.
name: Mann, Andrew W.
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
name: Mardling, Rosemary
name: Maxted, Pierre F. L.
name: Eisner, Nora
name: Pepe, Francesco
name: Pepper, Joshua
name: Pollacco, Don
name: Quinn, Samuel N.
name: Quintana, Elisa V.
name: Rowe, Jason F.
name: Ricker, George
name: Rose, Mark E.
name: Seager, Sara
name: Santerne, Alexandre
name: Segransan, Damien
name: Short, Donald R.
name: Smith, Jeffrey C.
name: Standing, Matthew R.
name: Tokovinin, Andrei
name: Trifonov, Trifon
name: Turner, Oliver
name: Twicken, Joseph D.
name: Udry, Stephane
name: Vanderspek, Roland
name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Wolf, Eric T.
name: Ziegler, Carl
name: Ansorge, Peter
name: Barnet, Frank
name: Bergeron, Joel
name: Huten, Marc
name: Pappa, Giuseppe
name: van der Straeten, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of the first circumbinary planet found by TESS. The target, a known eclipsing binary, was observed in sectors 1 through 12 at 30-minute cadence and in sectors 4 through 12 at two-minute cadence. It consists of two stars with masses of 1.1 MSun and 0.3 MSun on a slightly eccentric (0.16), 14.6-day orbit, producing prominent primary eclipses and shallow secondary eclipses. The planet has a radius of ~6.9 REarth and was observed to make three transits across the primary star of roughly equal depths (~0.2%) but different durations -- a common signature of transiting circumbinary planets. Its orbit is nearly circular (e ~ 0.09) with an orbital period of 95.2 days. The orbital planes of the binary and the planet are aligned to within ~1 degree. To obtain a complete solution for the system, we combined the TESS photometry with existing ground-based radial-velocity observations in a numerical photometric-dynamical model. The system demonstrates the discovery potential of TESS for circumbinary planets, and provides further understanding of the formation and evolution of planets orbiting close binary stars.
description: 35 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables
Geographical effects on cascading breakdowns of scale-free networks
Creators: name: Huang, Liang
name: Yang, Lei
name: Yang, Kongqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cascading breakdowns of real networks are severe accidents in recent years, such as the blackouts of the power transportation networks in North America. In this paper, we study the effects of geographical structure on the cascading phenomena of load-carried scale-free networks, find that more geographically constrained networks tend to have larger cascading breakdowns. Explanations by the effects of circles and large betweenness of small degree nodes are provided.
IIB by WJ: communication materials
Creators: name: Zaytseva, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: digital self-organisation
emerging jobs
complex networks
humor
hybrid jobs

description: These are slides to post on the platform of IIB to communicate to the users possible use cases of the deployed version. IIB online: https://intellectualandimmaterialbank.com/ Wise Jester: https://www.wisejester.org/ The Intellectual and Immaterial Bank is a blind, humor-based network for people with professional interests in several knowledge areas and energy. Everything on IIB begins with us as humans, and you own your data, which you dispose of and can always delete. The point is that our choices begin with being informed about our strength to do something good for somebody, including our choices of work, studies, projects, and other involvements. On IIB, individuals are always presented as their strengths, while their collaborations – as needs in strengths of other people. In contrast to other social networks, IIB is blind to your facial data: no need to describe here your look, what your name is, and how your employment story is exciting. On IIB, you begin with being completely disconnected from your social contexts, which usually impose on you other peoples’ expectations you may be unaware of, and which bring more noise than clarity. For the clarity, you see your cognitive strengths on IIB and re-connect with those people, who may be even complete strangers to you at this moment in time, for your mutual harmony in mind and emotion. The harmony on IIB is ensured with partial compatibility and differences in deeper reasoning between the sides, their natural understanding of comfort, their ways of recognizing, accepting and treating new information, and their eventual behavioral performance when change is approaching. The qualities, which are considered here and are processed for making the people “see” each other in the blindness of the dark room, target the emergence of better, more intellectually stable collaboration forms with no mediators or other interpreters involved. Speaking of knowledge, every individual and collaboration has a choice of 5 areas they work with, learn, or explore. For every form of search, you will find matching variants with at least 3 out of 5 knowledge areas you requested, no matter if you act as an individual or as a collaboration. You can look for harmony among a group of few, or among those you have had any previous endeavors with, or – from the whole world. Humor Science, Complex Systems, and Game Theory can do the job. The choices are all diverse but harmonious with you, in no competition or comparison.
A LEADER Program hazai gyakorlatáról
Creators: name: Varga, Eszter
name: Varga, Eszter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: vidékfejlesztés
subject: LEADER Program
subject: helyi akciócsoport
subject: alulról jövő (bottom-up) fejlesztés
subject: rural development
subject: LEADER programme
subject: local action group
subject: bottom-up development

description: A LEADER Programban az ország területén közel száz helyi akciócsoport működik a települési önkormányzatok, vállalkozások és civil szervezetek együttműködésében, amivel lehetőség nyílott az alulról jövő, a helyi érintettek igényeit is figyelembe vevő széles körű és integrált vidékfejlesztésre. Ezt a lehetőséget azonban egyelőre nem sikerült kellően hasznosítani. Ennek alapvető okai között említhető a megfelelő időben végzett átfogó és korábbi tapasztalatokra építő tervezés hiánya, az akciócsoportok autonómiájának alacsony szintje, a megvalósítás rendszerének túlbonyolítása, rugalmatlansága, valamint a résztvevők folyamatos és széles körű aktív részvételének hiánya. Továbbá megállapítható, hogy a magyarországi LEADER Program alapvető problémáinak, nehézségeinek jelentős része a Program kulcselemeinek gyakorlatba ültetési nehézségeiből adódik, ami nem tipikusan magyarországi sajátosság. A helyi partnerségek lehetőségeit az őket körülvevő társadalmi és gazdasági környezet állapota, fejlettségi szintje is befolyásolja, amely gyakran torzítja a LEADER-elvek eredeti elgondolások szerinti megvalósítását. -------------------------------------------------------- As part of the LEADER Program, there are currently nearly a hundred local action groups operating in the Hungarian countryside, establishing a venue for local governance throughout the country (based on the local partnerships of local governments, enterprises and NGOs). Their existence creates an opportunity for the bottom-up, stakeholder oriented, comprehensive and integrated development of the countryside. This opportunity has not yet been made full use of, however. Fundamental reasons thereof include the lack of experience-based, comprehensive and timely planning; the low level of autonomy of the local action groups; the inflexible and overcomplicated implementation procedures; as well as the lack of extensive ongoing involvement of the stakeholders. It can be concluded that a considerable portion of the basic problems and issues in realising the LEADER Programme in Hungary stems from the difficulties in implementing the programme’s key elements – i.e. they are not limited to Hungary. The possibilities open to local partnerships are determined by the condition and the level of development of their surroundings, which often distorts implementation away from the original LEADER principles. It is essential that the Programme itself should not be blamed for cases like this, as it only reflects the state and conditions of its environment.
Mixing Up Contrastive Learning: Self-Supervised Representation Learning for Time Series
Creators: name: Wickstrøm, Kristoffer
name: Kampffmeyer, Michael
name: Mikalsen, Karl Øyvind
name: Jenssen, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The lack of labeled data is a key challenge for learning useful representation from time series data. However, an unsupervised representation framework that is capable of producing high quality representations could be of great value. It is key to enabling transfer learning, which is especially beneficial for medical applications, where there is an abundance of data but labeling is costly and time consuming. We propose an unsupervised contrastive learning framework that is motivated from the perspective of label smoothing. The proposed approach uses a novel contrastive loss that naturally exploits a data augmentation scheme in which new samples are generated by mixing two data samples with a mixing component. The task in the proposed framework is to predict the mixing component, which is utilized as soft targets in the loss function. Experiments demonstrate the framework's superior performance compared to other representation learning approaches on both univariate and multivariate time series and illustrate its benefits for transfer learning for clinical time series.
description: Published in Journal of Pattern Recognition Letters: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167865522000502 Code available at: https://github.com/Wickstrom/MixupContrastiveLearning
Multipreconditioning with application to two-phase incompressible Navier-Stokes flow
Creators: name: Bootland, Niall
name: Wathen, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65F08, 65F10, 65N22, 76D05, 76T10, 15A06, 65-06

description: We consider the use of multipreconditioning to solve linear systems when more than one preconditioner is available but the optimal choice is not known. In particular, we consider a selective multipreconditioned GMRES algorithm where we incorporate a weighting that allows us to prefer one preconditioner over another. Our target application lies in the simulation of incompressible two-phase flow. Since it is not always known if a preconditioner will perform well within all regimes found in a simulation, we also consider robustness of the multipreconditioning to a poorly performing preconditioner. Overall, we obtain promising results with the approach.
description: ENUMATH 2019 conference proceedings
The Optical and Ultraviolet Spectral Energy Distributions of Short Period Black Hole X-ray Transients in Outburst
Creators: name: Hynes, R. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compile optical and UV spectra of a sample of 'typical' short period black hole X-ray transients in outburst. We also survey determinations of interstellar extinction and distance in order to deredden spectra and compare absolute fluxes. Hence we perform a comparative study of the broad-band spectral energy distributions (SED). We find that given such a homogeneous sample of typical sources, the optical SEDs form a relatively uniform set, all exhibiting quasi-power-law spectra with Fnu proportional to nu^alpha, where 0.5
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 20 pages using emulateapj.cls