Tettigoniinae Krauss 1902
Creators: name: Ünal, Mustafa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Tettigoniidae

description: Key to tribes, genera and subgenera of Tettigoniinae of Turkey
(Modified from Ramme 1951; Karabağ 1961a; Bey-Bienko 1964; Harz 1969; Stolyarov 1994; Demirsoy et al. 2002; Willemse 1985; Storozhenko 2004; Massa & Fontana 2011 using some new characters)
1 Prosternum with 2 spines or small projections (Fig. 1); if the projections very weak then fastigium of vertex narrow, not wider twice as wide as scapus (Fig. 3).......................................................................... 2
- Prosternum without spines or projections (Fig. 2); if present (only Rhacocleis) then hind tibia with 2 apical spurs ventrally (Fig. 57)............................................................................................ 14
2 Fastigium of vertex very narrow, almost half of scapus (Fig. 4). Body green or milky-brown (Fig. 5). Tegmina without dark spots in the middle part; tegmina and wings fully developed (Fig. 5).......... Tettigoniini (gen. Tettigonia Linnaeus, 1758)
- Fastigium of vertex as wide as scapus or much wider (Figs. 6–8); if slightly narrower than scapus then body not unicolorous green. Tegmina in various length, shortened or fully developed................................................. 3
3 Fastigium of vertex 3–4 times wider than scapus (Fig. 8). Plantula long, almost 2/3 of metatarsus (Fig. 9). Male with two pairs of titillators.................................................... Gampsocleidini (gen. Gampsocleis Fieber, 1852)
- Fastigium of vertex at most twice as wide as scapus (Figs. 6–7). Plantula short, not reaching to half of metatarsus (Fig. 10). Male with one pair of titillators … Drymadusini ............................................................. 4
4 Pronotum with narrowly rounded or parabolic posterior margin (Fig. 11), distinctly extended posteriorly (Fig. 13). Fully winged (Fig. 13)................................................................ gen. Drymadusa Stein, 1860
- Pronotum with broadly rounded or truncate posterior margin (Fig. 12), less extended posteriorly (Fig. 15); if narrowly rounded at hind margin then tegmina brachypterous (Fig. 14) to squamipterous............................................ 5
5 Male last tergite with a pair of long sharply pointed posterior lobes (Figs. 15–16); at least as long as the plate or much longer. Male cerci without inner tooth (except Anadrymadusa spinicercis), straight or strongly incurved along its length or in the middle, with an apical spine (Figs. 15–16)..................................................................... 6
- Male last tergite without or with short lobes (Fig. 17); if as long as the plate (some Scotodrymadusa) which never sharply pointed at apex (Fig. 18). Male cerci with inner tooth (sometimes very preapical or at apex in some Scotodrymadusa) (Figs. 17–18).............................................................................................. 7
6 Metazona of pronotum convex; shoulder incision indistinct (Figs. 19–20). Tegmina shorter than half of abdomen (Figs. 19–20). Ovipositor much shorter than twice length of pronotum (Fig. 20)............. gen. Pezodrymadusa Karabağ, 1961
- Metazona of pronotum flat; shoulder incision distinct (Fig. 21). Tegmina longer than half of abdomen (Figs. 21–22). Ovipositor more than twice length of pronotum (Fig. 22)..................................gen. Anadrymadusa Karabağ, 1961
7 Male last tergite fused with supra-anal plate and unusually strongly extended posteriorly in the middle with 4 cross-shaped contiguous plates (Fig. 23). Female 7th sternite with an acute, spine-like projection posteriorly (Fig. 24)......................................................................... gen. Novadrymadusa Demirsoy, Salman & Sevgili, 2002
- Male last tergite not prolonged with supra-anal plate in the middle (Fig. 25). Female 7th sternite almost flat, without an acute projection (Fig. 26).................................................................................... 8
8 Frons with a distinct black band between eyes (Fig. 27) (anterior surface of scapus, foramen, antero-ventral part of fastigium of vertex, upper part of fastigium of frons and sometimes eyes blackened) [Male cercus with a distinct distal inner tooth (Fig. 30). Ovipositor distinctly downcurved. Pronotum unicolored].......................... gen. Paradrymadusa Herman, 1874
- Frons without black band between eyes (Fig. 28); if seen a weak (Anadolua schwarzi and Mixodusa retusa sp. nov.) (Fig. 29) then male cerci with a small inner tooth in proximal part (Fig. 31) and ovipositor straight in A. schwarzi (Figs. 32–33); paranota bicolored, ventral half contrastly lighetened in Mixodusa retusa sp. nov. (Figs. 198–199).......................... 9
9 Ovipositor almost straight, indistinctly curved upwards or downwards (Figs. 32–36). Body greyish, marbled without any green or yellow (Fig. 40). Male cerci with a small inner tooth in proximal part (at most in the middle) (Figs. 25, 31). Found in western and southern Anatolia ........................................................ gen. Anadolua Ramme, 1939
- Ovipositor distinctly upcurved (Figs. 37–38) or downcurved (Fig. 39); if almost straight (in some Leptodusa and Phytodrymadusa) then body fully green or yellowish (Fig. 41). Male cerci with a large inner tooth in distal part (Figs. 18, 48, 51, 53).. 10
10 Ovipositor upcurved (Figs. 37–38). Male titillator with a very short and stout, plate-like basal arms (Fig. 42)...................................................................................... gen. Scotodrymadusa Ramme, 1939
- Ovipositor downcurved (Fig. 39). Male titillator with a slender, long and narrower basal arms (Figs. 43–45)............. 11
11 Body grey, uniformly marbled, without greenish or yellowish tones (Fig. 46). Male tegmina long reaching to 3/4 of abdomen (Fig. 46). Known only from Çoruh Valley, NE Turkey ............................... gen. Lithodusa Bey-Bienko, 1951
- Body green, yellow or sometimes brownish, never uniformly marbled (Fig. 47); if brown with small black spots then male tegmina reaching to 2nd abdominal tergite and ventral half of paranota contrastly lightened (Fig. 198). Male tegmina at most reaching to half of abdomen............................................................................ 12
12 Male last tergite very short and wide, with a weak posterior incision and weak, short, wide posterior lobes (Fig. 48). Titillators with widened, flattened and rounded distal part of apical arms, without denticles (Fig. 44). Female tegmina clearly longer, reaching to middle of 2nd abdominal tergite (Fig. 49).............................gen. Phytodrymadusa Ramme, 1939
- Male last tergite elongated, with a deep posterior incision and longer posterior lobes (Figs. 50, 52). Titillators with very narrow, sharp and acute apical arms, with distinct denticles (Figs. 43, 45). Female tegmina very short, scale-like laterally (Fig. 54) or not reaching to half of first abdominal tergite (Fig. 55)....................................................... 13
13 Body green, yellowish (Fig. 54). Male cercus short and quite wide; basal part of inner tooth very expanded (Fig. 51). Male last tergite with a wide posterior incision (Fig. 50). Female tegmina scale-like laterally (Fig. 54)..gen. Leptodusa Stolyarov, 1994
- Body various shades of brown, without green and yellow tones (Fig. 55). Male cercus much narrower with an acute inner tooth (Fig. 53). Male last tergite with a narrow triangular posterior incision (Fig. 52). Female tegmina touching eachother at dorsum (Fig. 55)..................................................................... gen. Mixodusa Stolyarov, 1994
14 Hind tibia with 4 apical spurs ventrally, inner two much shorter than outer ones (Fig. 56)........................... 15
- Hind tibia with 2 apical spurs ventrally (Fig. 57) … within Decticini ............................................ 40
15 Fore tibia with 4 dorsal spines on the outside (Figs. 58–59) … within Decticini .................................... 16
- Fore tibia with 3 dorsal spines on the outside (Figs. 60–61).................................................... 20
16 Pronotum 2–3 times longer than fore femur (Fig. 62).................. gen. Psorodonotus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861
- Pronotum 1.5 times longer than fore femur (Fig. 63)......................................................... 17
17 Male last tergite with spinous processes (Fig. 64). Tegmina reduced, slightly protruded under pronotum (Figs. 63, 67) or fully covered. Ovipositor shorter than 20 mm (at most 19.6 in Bucephaloptera bolivari)................................. 18
- Male last tergite with long pointed lobes, but never spinous (Figs. 65–66). Tegmina longer than abdomen (Fig. 68). Ovipositor around 20 mm or much longer.......................................................................... 19
18 Male cercus with inner tooth at the base (Fig. 64). Female subgenital plate with a shallow posterior incision, at most 1/4 of the length of the plate (Fig. 69). Male with two pairs of titillators (Fig. 71)................. gen. Bucephaloptera Ebner, 1923
- Male cercus without inner tooth, its apex strongly incurved, pointed with a spine (F. rammei). Female subgenital plate with a very deep posterior incision, about 3/4 of the length of the plate (Fig. 70). Male with one pair of titillators as common in Tettigoniinae .................................................................... gen. Festella Giglio-Tos, 1894
19 Pronotum flat dorsally, with a distinct median carina (Fig. 72)............................ gen. Decticus Serville, 1831
- Pronotum convex dorsally; surface smooth without median carina (Fig. 73)............... gen. Medecticus Uvarov, 1921
20 Pronotum with a distinct median carina in metazona (Figs. 74–75). Tegmina fully developed or shortened; if short then apical part with distinct longitudinal veins in both sexes (Figs. 74–75). Male tegmina relatively more or less pointed apically (Fig. 74) … Decticini ......................................................................................... 21
- Pronotum without or very weak, rudimentary median carina in metazona (Figs. 76–77). Tegmina shortened, not reaching to half of abdomen, apex reduced, rounded or truncate (Fig. 76); female tegmina not contiguous at dorsum (Fig. 77) or completely covered by pronotum with only a network of veinlets (at most C and Sc distinct)............................ 32
21 Tegmina contrastly with distinct dark spots almost in all fields (especially in radial field); transverse veins light, enclosed by light spots (Figs. 74, 75, 78) … gen. Platycleis Fieber, 1853 s.l ................................................. 23
- Tegmina unicolor or with indistinct dark spots only in radial field; transverse veins almost the same color with the other veins or with the rest of tegmina (Figs. 79, 80).................................................................. 22
22 Paranota with a very narrow light band along the whole margin; shoulder incision very weak (Fig. 81). Male last tergite with a weak median incision and nonprojecting lobes (Fig. 82). Female 6th and 7th abdominal sternites with a pair of tubercles (Fig. 83); subgenital plate small, shorter than wide, posterior margin straight (Fig. 83).............. gen. Sepiana Zeuner, 1941
- Paranota without or with a wide light band; shoulder incision more distinct (Fig. 84). Male last tergite with a deep median incision and triangular or long pointed projecting lobes (Fig. 85). Female 6th and 7th abdominal sternites without a pair of tubercles (Fig. 86); subgenital plate large, longer than wide, posterior margin prolonged, with a deep median incision (Fig. 86) … gen. Metrioptera Wesmaël, 1838 s.l ...................................................................... 29
23 Tegmina fully developed, reaching to hind knee, apex broadly rounded (Fig. 87). Female subgenital plate with a distinct wide longitudinal groove in the middle; hind margin with a deep, almost U-shaped posterior incision (Fig. 88). [Ovipositor short, high, distinctly and gradually upcurved, basal 1/3 part ivory color, remaining part bright brown (Fig. 87)].........................................................................................subgen. Platycleis Fieber, 1853 s.str.
- Tegmina short, not reaching to end of abdomen (Fig. 89); if longer then apical part very narrow and ovipositor as in Fig. 93. Female subgenital plate without or with a very weak narrow longitudinal groove; hind margin without incision or weakly concave (Fig. 90) or with a sharp triangular posterior incision (Montana elegans and Yalvaciana yalvaci, Fig. 108).......... 24
24 Tegmina 1.5 times longer than pronotum, reaching beyond half of abdomen (Figs. 91, 95–97, 99) (except Incertana incerta, Figs. 94, 98); if slightly shorter, then apical part of tegmina strongly narrowed and very narrowly rounded at apex (sometimes almost pointed)...................................................................................... 25 - Tegmina shorter than pronotum (Figs. 92, 104–105) or slightly longer than pronotum, never reaching to half of abdomen; its apex comparatively broadly rounded..................................................................... 27
25 Body large, robust (except Montana elegans, Fig. 93). Ovipositor slightly and gradually upcurved along its length; longer than twice length of pronotum (Figs. 89, 93). Female 7th sternite without longitudinal carina (Figs. 89, 90)............................................................................................... subgen. Montana Zeuner, 1941
- Body small, slender. Ovipositor strongly and sharply upcurved just after the base; only a little longer than pronotum (Figs. 94–97). Female 7th sternite with a rised longitudinal carina (Fig. 96)............................................ 26
26 Tegmina short, reaching to (at most) half of abdomen or shorter (Figs. 94–95); apex as in Fig. 98. Male frontal groove narrow, at most as wide as scapus. Titillators with strong spines (Fig. 100). Female subgenital plate with almost straight posterior margin (Fig. 101) (at most slightly concave).......................................... subgen. Incertana Zeuner, 1941
- Tegmina long, reaching to beyond half of abdomen (Figs. 91, 96–97); apex as in Figs. 97, 99. Male frontal groove wider than scapus. Titillators with very weak spinules (Fig. 102). Female subgenital plate with a rounded posterior incision (Fig. 103).............................................................................. subgen. Tessellana Zeuner, 1941
27 Male last tergite with 2 long and narrow posterior lobes (Fig. 106). Male cerci pointed at apex with a small spine; inner tooth in proximal part (Fig. 107). Female subgenital plate with a deep triangular posterior incision (Fig. 108).............................................................................................. subgen. Yalvaciana Çıplak, 2002
- Male last tergite with 2 short and wide posterior lobes, rounded or triangular (Figs. 109, 112). Male cerci narrowly rounded at apex; inner tooth in distal part or at most in the middle (Figs. 110, 113). Female subgenital plate with straight or slightly concave posterior margin (Figs. 111, 114).................................................................... 28
28 Male last tergite with 2 rounded posterior lobes (Fig. 109). Ovipositor strongly and sharply upcurved just after the base, distal part very narrow, yellowish cream (Fig. 116). Female subgenital plate like a flat plate, square; posterior margin straight (Fig. 111)...................................................................... subgen. Sporadiana Zeuner, 1941
- Male last tergite with 2 triangular posterior lobes (Fig. 112). Ovipositor regularly and gradually upcurved along its length, distal part wide, basal 1/3 ivory color, remaining part dark bright brown (Fig. 115) as in Platycleis s.str. Female subgenital plate always upcurved laterally; posterior margin strongly or slightly convex (Fig. 115)........ subgen. Squamiana Zeuner, 1941
29 Paranota unicolor green or brownish, without or with a weak light band along its margin (Figs. 117, 121)............... 30
- Paranota with more or less with a wide light band along its margin (Fig. 122); if indistinct then all main veins of tegmina darkened except the creamish Sc (Fig. 122) or tegmina shorter than pronotum (Fig. 126)................................ 31
30 Male tegmina reaching to half of abdomen (Fig. 118). Posterior incision of male subgenital plate narrow and deep, both sides darkened (Fig. 119); styli shorter than the depth of posterior incision (Fig. 119). Female subgenital plate with a very deep posterior incision, reaching more than 1/3 of the plate................................... subgen. Broughtonia Harz, 1969
- Male tegmina reaching far beyond the half of abdomen (Fig. 121). Posterior incision of male subgenital plate wide triangular and shallower, both sides not darkened (Fig. 120); styli longer than the depth of posterior incision (Fig. 120). Female subgenital plate with shallower posterior incision, reaching to 1/4 of the plate.................. subgen. Bicolorana Zeuner, 1941
31 Tegmina longer than pronotum (Fig. 122); at least slightly longer in female of Metrioptera (Roeseliana) bispina (Fig. 125). Except the creamish Sc all the main veins of tegmina darkened (Fig. 122). Posterior incision of male subgenital plate wide triangular and shallow, both sides not darkened (Fig. 123). Female subgenital plate as in Fig. 124 ................................................................................................... subgen. Roeseliana Zeuner, 1941
- Tegmina shorter than pronotum (Figs. 126, 129). Sc and the other main veins of tegmina in same color, creamish (Fig. 126). Posterior incision of male subgenital plate narrow and deep, both sides darkened (Fig. 127). Female subgenital plate as in Fig. 128 ........................................................................... subgen. Fichetia Harz, 1969
32 Body very narrow in dorsal view; small and slender (Figs. 130a, b, c), shorter than 20 mm …within Decticini ........... 33
- Body wide in dorsal view; large and robust (Figs. 130d, e, f), longer than 20 mm, if slightly shorter than 20 mm then pronotum distinctly wider as in Figs. 130d, e, f … Pholidopterini ....................................................... 35
33 Male last tergite prolonged posteriorly, with 2 distinct triangular lobes and with a deep triangular incision (Fig. 131). Pronotum not extended posteriorly in metazona (Fig. 138). Female 7th sternite with a rised longitudinal carina (Fig. 133). Ovipositor short, almost twice as long as pronotum, strongly and sharply upcurved just after the base, distal part distinctly narrowed (Fig. 139)......................................................................... gen. Rammeola Uvarov, 1934
- Male last tergite short and wide, with a shallow posterior incision; lobes very weak (Figs. 134, 136). Pronotum more or less extended posteriorly in metazona (Figs. 140, 142). Female 7th sternite smooth, without any carina. Ovipositor long, almost 3 times longer than pronotum, very slightly and gradually upcurved along its length, middle part slightly narrowed (Figs. 141, 143)............................................................................................... 34
34 Male cercus without inner tooth; very long, only 1.2 times shorter than pronotum, cylindrical and straight along its length (Figs. 134, 140). Female subgenital plate with a wide triangular incision and triangular lobes (Fig. 135)............................................................................................. gen. Pachytrachis Uvarov, 1940
- Male cercus with a small but distinct inner tooth in distal part; about half of pronotum, narrowing towards apex and slightly incurved along its length (Figs. 136, 142). Female subgenital plate with a narrow incision and broadly rounded lobes (Fig. 137)................................................................................... gen. Bolua Ünal, 1999
35 Last abdominal tergite not black, all tergites unicolor, brownish cream (Figs. 144–146, 153)......................... 36
- Last abdominal tergite fully and sometimes also 7th–9th sternites laterally black, brownish black or partly light spotted (Figs. 147–149, 157, 159)................................................................................... 38
36 Pronotum slightly to strongly flattened dorsally; posterior margin straight or slightly convex (Fig. 150). Male last tergite with a shallow, small incision, without or with very weak posterior lobes (Fig. 144). Male tegmina not or only half covered by prono- tum (Fig. 150); if pronotum and tegmina as in Figs. 151 and 152 (only Pholidoptera femorata) then male last tergite without posterior lobes (Fig. 153). Female tegmina scale like laterally........................gen. Pholidoptera Wesmaël, 1838 - Pronotum almost cylindrical, metazona extended posteriorly with rounded posterior margin (Figs. 151–152). Male last tergite with 2 distinct (mostly long) lobes and narrow incision between them (Figs. 145–146). Male tegmina fully covered or slightly projecting under pronotum (Figs. 151–152). Female tegmina covered by pronotum, mostly contiguous at dorsum........ 37
37 Inner and outer surfaces of hind femora unicolor yellowish, creamish light brown without distinct black bands; hind knee blackened (Fig. 154)......................................................... gen. Apholidoptera Maran, 1953
- Outer surface (and mostly inner) of hind femora with distinct longitudinal black band or black stripes and spots (Fig. 155); if very weak then hind knee never blackened (Fig. 156); hind knee at most slightly darkened but never distinctly black.............................................................................. gen. Parapholidoptera Maran, 1953
38 Male last tergite unicolor black (Figs. 147, 157), rarely with small lightened parts. Body slender (Fig. 158), abdomen naturally and gradually narrowing backwards (except some species in E. prasina species group but they are distictly smaller). Dorsal surface of head mostly light, creamish brown (Fig. 162) (usually both sides of head and behind of eyes black in dorsal view). Ovipositor thin, more than twice as long as pronotum (Fig. 170). Mediterranean elements … gen. Eupholidoptera Maran, 1953
- Male and female last tergite unicolor black or partly lightened; black color also effused to 7th–9th tergites laterally (Figs. 148–149, 159). Body stout (Figs. 160–161), abdomen relatively cylindrical along its length and blunt at apex. Dorsal surface of head fully black or blackened with many dense stripes and spots (Figs. 163–164, 166). Ovipositor thick, slightly longer (not more than 1.5 times) than pronotum (Figs. 171–172) (except Exopholidoptera, Fig. 173). Irano-Turanian elements...... 39
39 Body large, almost 30 mm and larger. Pronotum strongly exteded posteriorly in metazona (Figs. 160, 165), with distinctly rounded posterior margin (Fig. 163–164, 169). Apical arms of titillator without spines. Ovipositor thick, slightly longer (not more than 1.5 times) than pronotum (Figs. 171–172). Outer and inner surfaces of hind femora with very distinct black bands and stripes (Fig. 174), with ventral spines on inner side............................... gen. Uvarovistia Maran, 1953
- Body small, to 25 mm. Pronotum slightly extended posteriorly in metazona (Fig. 161, 167), with slightly convex posterior margin (Figs. 166, 168). Apical arms of titillator with spines. Ovipositor thin, more than twice as long as pronotum (Fig. 173). Outer and inner surfaces of hind femora without distinct black bands and stripes (Fig. 175), without ventral spines................................................................................... gen. Exopholidoptera Ünal, 1998
40 Prosternum with 2 spines. Frontal groove almost half of antennal scapus (Fig. 176). Plantula as long as metatarsus (Fig. 180). Male cerci pointed with a spine at apex and with inner tooth in proximal part (Fig. 182)........gen. Rhacocleis Fieber, 1853
- Prosternum without any projection. Frontal groove at most slightly narrower than scapus (Fig. 177) or wider (Figs. 178–179). Plantula shorter than metatarsus (Fig. 181). Male cerci rounded or very narrowed, but without a spine at apex, with inner tooth in distal part (Figs. 183–185)........................................................................... 41
41 Frontal groove slightly narrower than scapus (Fig. 177). Pronotum strongly flattened dorsally, with a median carina in metazona (Figs. 186–187). Male last tergite with 2 long, incurved lobes (Fig. 183). Female tegmina reaching to end of 2nd–3rd abdominal tergites (Fig. 187), always contiguous at dorsum [General appearance similar to Drymadusini, but much smaller (Figs. 186–187)]............................................................... gen. Sureyaella Uvarov, 1934
- Frontal groove as wide as or wider than scapus (Figs. 178–179). Pronotum distinctly convex dorsally, without median carina (Figs. 188–191). Male last tergite with 2 triangular or pointed short, straight lobes (Figs. 184–185). Female tegmina scale like laterally (Figs. 189, 191) [General appearance similar to Pholidopterini, but much smaller (Figs. 188–191)]............. 42
42 Male right tegmen always and distinctly longer than left one (Fig. 193); the shape of left tegmen as in Fig. 196; stridulatory file without basal ridge (Figs. 196–197). Male cerci swollen near to inner tooth, not depressed dorso-ventrally (Fig. 185). Ovipositor very short, not more than twice as long as pronotum; distinctly upcurved and rapidly tapering towards apex; distal part very narrow (Fig. 191).................................................................. gen. Koroglus Ünal, 2002
- Male with equal left and right tegmina (Fig. 192), if a weak inequality is seen then stridulatory file always with a basal ridge turning to the base of tegmen (Figs. 194–195); the shape of left tegmen as in Fig. 194. Male cerci with a strong depression near to inner tooth, distinctly flattened (Fig. 184). Ovipositor long, more than 2.5 times pronotal length; slightly upcurved and tapering towards apex; distal part wider (Fig. 189)........................... gen. Anterastes Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882
description: Published as part of Ünal, Mustafa, 2018, Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Turkey with key to genera and descriptions of six new species, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 4432 (1) on pages 7-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4432.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1455946