cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sedimentological Evidence for Pronounced Glacial‐Interglacial Climate Fluctuations in NE Tibet in the Latest Pliocene to Early Pleistocene
Creators: name: Lu, Yin
name: Dewald, Nico
name: Koutsodendris, Andreas
name: Kaboth‐Bahr, Stefanie
name: Rösler, Wolfgang
name: Fang, Xiaomin
name: Pross, Jörg
name: Appel, Erwin
name: Friedrich, Oliver
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau have been argued to be among the main drivers of climate change in midlatitude Central Asia during the Pliocene/Pleistocene. While most proxy records that support this hypothesis are from regions outside the Tibetan Plateau (such as from the Chinese Loess Plateau), detailed paleoclimatic information for the plateau itself during that time has yet remained elusive. Here we present a temporally highly resolved (~500 years) sedimentological record from the Qaidam Basin situated on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau that shows pronounced glacial‐interglacial climate variability during the interval from 2.7 to 2.1 Ma. Glacial (interglacial) intervals are generally characterized by coarser (finer) grain size, minima (maxima) in organic matter content, and maxima (minima) in carbonate content. Comparison of our results with Earth's orbital parameters and proxy records from the Chinese Loess Plateau suggests that the observed climate fluctuations were mainly driven by changes in the Siberian High/East Asian winter monsoon system as a response to the iNHG. They are further proposed to be enhanced by the topography of the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on the position and intensity of the westerlies.
description: Key Points: Pronounced glacial‐interglacial climate fluctuations on the NE Tibetan Plateau during the latest Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Changes in East Asian Winter Monsoon and the position of the westerlies influenced sediment transport on the NE Tibetan Plateau. Intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation amplified climate fluctuations on the NE Tibetan Plateau.
description: German Research Foundation (DFG
Search for New Particles Decaying to Dijets, Bottom Quarks, and Top Quarks at CDF
Creators: name: Harris, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three searches for new particles at CDF. First, using 70 pb^-1 of data we search the dijet mass spectrum for resonances. There is an upward fluctuation near 550 GeV (2.6 sigma) with an angular distribution that is adequately described by either QCD alone or QCD plus 5% signal. There is insufficient evidence to claim a signal, but we set the most stringent mass limits on the hadronic decays of axigluons, excited quarks, technirhos, W', Z', and E6 diquarks. Second, using 19 pb^-1 of data we search the b-tagged dijet mass spectrum for b anti-b resonances. Again, an upward fluctuation near 600 GeV (2 sigma) is not significant enough to claim a signal, so we set the first mass limits on topcolor bosons. Finally, using 67 pb^-1 of data we search the top quark sample for t anti-t resonances like a topcolor Z'. Other than an insignificant shoulder of 6 events on a background of 2.4 in the mass region 475-550 GeV, there is no evidence for new particle production. Mass limits, currently in progress, should be sensitive to a topcolor Z' near 600 GeV. In all three searches there is insufficient evidence to claim new particle production, yet there is an exciting possibility that the upward fluctuations are the first signs of new physics beyond the standard model.
description: 10 pages and 10 figures in postsript file. Published Proceedings of the 10th Topical Workshop on Proton-Antipron Collider Physics, Fermilab, May 9-13, 1995. Postscript at http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/conf95/cdf3192_pbarp_new_particles.ps
Foreign Trade and Investment Climate
Creators: name: Rutland, Peter
name: Aris, Ben
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: POLITISCHE ASPEKTE (POLITIK)
subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: FOREIGN TRADE + FOREIGN ECONOMY
subject: GATT + WTO + ZOLLTARIFABKOMMEN (HANDEL)
subject: TRADE AGREEMENTS + GATT + WTO (TRADE)
subject: KAPITALEXPORTE + AUSLANDINVESTITIONEN + DIREKTINVESTITIONEN
subject: AUSSENHANDEL + AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: CAPITAL EXPORT + FOREIGN INVESTMENTS + DIRECT INVESTMENTS
subject: POLITICAL ASPECTS (POLITICS)
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Economics

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 111
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Inclusive jet production on the nucleus in the perturbative QCD with $N_c\to\infty$
Creators: name: Braun, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the recently found hA amplitude, single and double inclusive jet production rates on the nucleus are studied in the perturbative QCD with $N_c\to\infty$. Jet multiplicities are found to grow with $A$ and energy as $A^{2/9}s^Δ$ where $Δ$ is the BFKL intercept. Long range correlations are found to behave as $A^{4/9}s^{2Δ}$ and change from negative to positive at a certain high energy.
description: 14 pages in LaTex
Bayesian Calibration and Validation of a Large‐Scale and Time‐Demanding Sediment Transport Model
Creators: name: Beckers, Felix
name: Heredia, Andrés
name: Noack, Markus
name: Nowak, Wolfgang
name: Wieprecht, Silke
name: Oladyshkin, Sergey
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: This study suggests a stochastic Bayesian approach for calibrating and validating morphodynamic sediment transport models and for quantifying parametric uncertainties in order to alleviate limitations of conventional (manual, deterministic) calibration procedures. The applicability of our method is shown for a large‐scale (11.0 km) and time‐demanding (9.14 hr for the period 2002–2013) 2‐D morphodynamic sediment transport model of the Lower River Salzach and for three most sensitive input parameters (critical Shields parameter, grain roughness, and grain size distribution). Since Bayesian methods require a significant number of simulation runs, this work proposes to construct a surrogate model, here with the arbitrary polynomial chaos technique. The surrogate model is constructed from a limited set of runs (n=20) of the full complex sediment transport model. Then, Monte Carlo‐based techniques for Bayesian calibration are used with the surrogate model (105 realizations in 4 hr). The results demonstrate that following Bayesian principles and iterative Bayesian updating of the surrogate model (10 iterations) enables to identify the most probable ranges of the three calibration parameters. Model verification based on the maximum a posteriori parameter combination indicates that the surrogate model accurately replicates the morphodynamic behavior of the sediment transport model for both calibration (RMSE = 0.31 m) and validation (RMSE = 0.42 m). Furthermore, it is shown that the surrogate model is highly effective in lowering the total computational time for Bayesian calibration, validation, and uncertainty analysis. As a whole, this provides more realistic calibration and validation of morphodynamic sediment transport models with quantified uncertainty in less time compared to conventional calibration procedures.
description: Key Points: We reduce a time‐demanding sediment transport model with a surrogate technique based on the arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion (aPC). Bayesian model calibration and validation in a fraction of computational time compared to conventional (manual, deterministic) methods. We achieve a more realistic calibration, a more successful validation, and valuable information in the form of uncertainty intervals.
description: German Research Foundation (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
title: 02_1680
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
The Eurasian Union Project
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Katharina
name: Chufrin, Gennady
name: Laruelle, Marlène
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: WORLD POLITICS + INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (INTERNATIONAL POLITICS)
subject: EURASIA
subject: EURASIEN
subject: WELTPOLITIK + INTERNATIONALE BEZIEHUNGEN (INTERNATIONALE POLITIK)
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 112
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Energy
Creators: name: Amrein, Andreas Heinrich
name: Pleines, Heiko
name: Grätz, Jonas
name: Lifan, Li
name: Rutland, Peter
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ENERGIEPOLITIK
ENERGY POLICY
ENERGIEQUELLEN (ENERGIETECHNIK)
ENERGY RESOURCES (ENERGY TECHNOLOGY)
RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/000
Generalities, science

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 113
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Additional file 2: of Short-acting bronchodilators for the management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the hospital setting: systematic review
Creators: name: Kopsaftis, Zoe
name: Sulaiman, Nur
name: Mountain, Oliver
name: Carson-Chahhoud, Kristin
name: Phillips, Paddy
name: Smith, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Search strategy and search terms. (PDF 287Â kb)
Domain and Geometry Agnostic CNNs for Left Atrium Segmentation in 3D Ultrasound
Creators: name: Degel, Markus A.
name: Navab, Nassir
name: Albarqouni, Shadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Segmentation of the left atrium and deriving its size can help to predict and detect various cardiovascular conditions. Automation of this process in 3D Ultrasound image data is desirable, since manual delineations are time-consuming, challenging and observer-dependent. Convolutional neural networks have made improvements in computer vision and in medical image analysis. They have successfully been applied to segmentation tasks and were extended to work on volumetric data. In this paper we introduce a combined deep-learning based approach on volumetric segmentation in Ultrasound acquisitions with incorporation of prior knowledge about left atrial shape and imaging device. The results show, that including a shape prior helps the domain adaptation and the accuracy of segmentation is further increased with adversarial learning.
Russia and Global Governance
Creators: name: Tsygankov, Andrei
name: Katz, Mark
name: Tysiachniouk, Maria
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: FOREIGN POLICY + FOREIGN RELATIONS (INTERNATIONAL POLITICS)
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: AUSSENPOLITIK + AUSLANDSBEZIEHUNGEN (INTERNATIONALE POLITIK)
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 114
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Change and Continuity in Russia's Political Environment
Creators: name: Robertson, Graeme
name: Golosov, Grigorii
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: POLITISCHE REFORMEN + POLITISCHER WANDEL + REFORMPOLITIK (INNENPOLITIK)
subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: POLITICAL REFORMS + POLITICAL TRANSITION + REFORM POLITICS (INTERNAL POLITICS)
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 115
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Phases in the gaugino sector: direct reconstruction of the basic parameters and impact on the neutralino pair production
Creators: name: Kneur, J. -L.
name: Moultaka, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider recovering analytically the (generally complex) parameters $μ$, $M_1$ and $M_2$ of the gaugino and Higgsino Lagrangian, from appropriate physical input in the chargino and neutralino sectors. For given $\tanβ$, we obtain very simple analytic solutions for $M_2$, $| μ|$, $Arg[μ]$ in the chargino sector and a twofold $| M_1 |$, $Arg[M_1]$ analytic solution in the neutralino sector, assuming two chargino, two neutralino masses, and one of the chargino mixing angles as physical input. The twofold ambiguity in the neutralino parameters reconstruction may be essentially resolved by measuring the $e^+e^- \to χ^0_1 χ^0_2$ production cross-section at future linear collider energies, which we study explicitly with the phase dependences. Some salient features and specific properties of this complex case gaugino "spectrum inversion" are illustrated and compared with the similar inversion in the real case. In particular, our algorithms exhibit in a direct and transparent way the non-trivial theoretical correlation among the chargino and neutralino parameters, and the resulting allowed domains when only a subset of the required physical input masses and production cross-sections is known.
description: Latex, 28 pages, 10 figures
Multiple topological states in iron-based superconductors
Creators: name: Zhang, Peng
name: Wang, Zhijun
name: Wu, Xianxin
name: Yaji, Koichiro
name: Ishida, Yukiaki
name: Kohama, Yoshimitsu
name: Dai, Guangyang
name: Sun, Yue
name: Bareille, Cedric
name: Kuroda, Kenta
name: Kondo, Takeshi
name: Okazaki, Kozo
name: Kindo, Koichi
name: Wang, Xiancheng
name: Jin, Changqing
name: Hu, Jiangping
name: Thomale, Ronny
name: Sumida, Kazuki
name: Wu, Shilong
name: Miyamoto, Koji
name: Okuda, Taichi
name: Ding, Hong
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
name: Kawakami, Takuto
name: Sato, Masatoshi
name: Shin, Shik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators and semimetals as well as unconventional iron-based superconductors have attracted major recent attention in condensed matter physics. Previously, however, little overlap has been identified between these two vibrant fields, even though the principal combination of topological bands and superconductivity promises exotic unprecedented avenues of superconducting states and Majorana bound states (MBSs), the central building block for topological quantum computation. Along with progressing laser-based spin-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) towards high energy and momentum resolution, we have resolved topological insulator (TI) and topological Dirac semimetal (TDS) bands near the Fermi level ($E_{\text{F}}$) in the iron-based superconductors Li(Fe,Co)As and Fe(Te,Se), respectively. The TI and TDS bands can be individually tuned to locate close to $E_{\text{F}}$ by carrier doping, allowing to potentially access a plethora of different superconducting topological states in the same material. Our results reveal the generic coexistence of superconductivity and multiple topological states in iron-based superconductors, rendering these materials a promising platform for high-$T_{\text{c}}$ topological superconductivity.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1803.00846, arXiv:1803.00845
Military Reform
Creators: name: Renz, Bettina
name: Thornton, Rod
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: MILITARY REFORMS
subject: MILITÄRISCHE REFORMEN
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 116
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Synthetic resampling strategies and machine learning for digital soil mapping in Iran
Creators: name: Taghizadeh‐Mehrjardi, Ruhollah
name: Schmidt, Karsten
name: Eftekhari, Kamran
name: Behrens, Thorsten
name: Jamshidi, Mohammad
name: Davatgar, Naser
name: Toomanian, Norair
name: Scholten, Thomas
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Most common machine learning (ML) algorithms usually work well on balanced training sets, that is, datasets in which all classes are approximately represented equally. Otherwise, the accuracy estimates may be unreliable and classes with only a few values are often misclassified or neglected. This is known as a class imbalance problem in machine learning and datasets that do not meet this criterion are referred to as imbalanced data. Most datasets of soil classes are, therefore, imbalanced data. One of our main objectives is to compare eight resampling strategies that have been developed to counteract the imbalanced data problem. We compared the performance of five of the most common ML algorithms with the resampling approaches. The highest increase in prediction accuracy was achieved with SMOTE (the synthetic minority oversampling technique). In comparison to the baseline prediction on the original dataset, we achieved an increase of about 10, 20 and 10% in the overall accuracy, kappa index and F‐score, respectively. Regarding the ML approaches, random forest (RF) showed the best performance with an overall accuracy, kappa index and F‐score of 66, 60 and 57%, respectively. Moreover, the combination of RF and SMOTE improved the accuracy of the individual soil classes, compared to RF trained on the original dataset and allowed better prediction of soil classes with a low number of samples in the corresponding soil profile database, in our case for Chernozems. Our results show that balancing existing soil legacy data using synthetic sampling strategies can significantly improve the prediction accuracy in digital soil mapping (DSM). Highlights Spatial distribution of soil classes in Iran can be predicted using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The synthetic minority oversampling technique overcomes the drawback of imbalanced and highly biased soil legacy data. When combining a random forest model with synthetic sampling strategies the prediction accuracy of the soil model improves significantly. The resulting new soil map of Iran has a much higher spatial resolution compared to existing maps and displays new soil classes that have not yet been mapped in Iran.
description: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
description: German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
description: Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
Simopone schoutedeni Santschi, 1923, n. sp.
Creators: name: Santschi, F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1923
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Simopone
Simopone schoutedeni

description: 2. - Simopone schoutedeni n. sp. (Fig. 1, a-c).
[[worker]] Long. 5 mm. Noire; mandibules, funicule, articulation des pattes, tarses et bout du gastre roussatres, scapes et tibias plus jaunatres. Assez luisante. De nombreux gros points, assez confluents, sur la tete, plus espaces sur le thorax et le petiole, devenant plus fins et tout aussi confluents sur le reste de l'abdomen. Intervalles entre la ponctu- ation presque lisses et luisants, sauf sur le devant de la tete ou ils sont strioles en long et submats. Une pilosite fine, pas tres longue, mais abondante, sur tout le corps et le santennes; tres rare sur les pattes qui ont une fine pubescence.
Tete rectangulaire, environ un tiers plus longue que large, le bord posterieur droit. Les yeux occupent le tiers moyen des cotes qui sont un peu convexes. Les aretes frontales, d'abord paralleles jusqu'a pres du niveau du bord anterieur des yeux, s'ecartent alors sans atteindre ceux-ci. Ocelles de la grosseur des points du tegument et assez rapproches. Epistome brusquement tronque, concave de droite a gauche. Aire frontale large. Mandibules brusquement coudees, a leur base, lisses, leur bord terminal tranchant. Le scape atteint le tiers anterieur des yeux, il est trois fois plus long que large a son bout distal. Premier article du funicule plus long que le suivant, tous, sauf le dernier, plus larges que longs.
Thorax rectangulaire, deprime, a cotes paralleles, les sutures fort peu distinctes. Petiole rectangulaire, aussi large que le thorax, un cinquieme plus long que large, ses quatre cotes droits, le dessus un peu convexe. Postpetiole aussi large devant que le petiole, plus large derriere, avec les cotes legerement convexes, un quart plus long que le petiole et presque aussi long mais moins large que le segment sui- vant. Pygydium termine par deux petits lobes entre lesquels passe tout juste un long aiguillon et vers lequel convergent deux rangees de 4 a 5 piquants.
Differe de S. Conradti Em. par sa sculpture, son petiole plus etroit et l'absence de lobes lateraux au pygydium.
Congo Belge: Kamaiembi pres Luebo (Dr. Schouteden), 17 nov. 1921; 1 [[worker]] au Musee de Tervueren.
description: Published as part of Santschi, F., 1923, Descriptions de nouveaux formicides Ethiopiens et notes diverses. - I., pp. 259-295 in Revue de Zoologie Africaine 11 on pages 260-262
Public Opinion Polls and Political Culture
Creators: name: Carnaghan, Ellen
name: Hale, Henry
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: DEMOKRATIE (POLITIK)
subject: DEMOCRACY (POLITICS)
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 117
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Sensitivity and depth of investigation from Monte Carlo ensemble statistics
Creators: name: Bobe, Christin
name: Keller, Johannes
name: Vijver, Ellen Van De
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: For many geophysical measurements, such as direct current or electromagnetic induction methods, information fades away with depth. This has to be taken into account when interpreting models estimated from such measurements. For that reason, a measurement sensitivity analysis and determining the depth of investigation are standard steps during geophysical data processing. In deterministic gradient‐based inversion, the most used sensitivity measure, the differential sensitivity, is readily available since these inversions require the computation of Jacobian matrices. In contrast, differential sensitivity may not be readily available in Monte Carlo inversion methods, since these methods do not necessarily include a linearization of the forward problem. Instead, a prior ensemble is used to simulate an ensemble of forward responses. Then, the prior ensemble is updated according to Bayesian inference. We propose to use the covariance between the prior ensemble and the forward response ensemble for constructing sensitivity measures. In Monte Carlo approaches, the estimation of this covariance does not require additional computations of the forward model. Normalizing this covariance by the variance of the prior ensemble, one obtains a simplified regression coefficient. We investigate differences between this simplified regression coefficient and differential sensitivity using simple forward models. For linear forward models, the simplified regression coefficient is equal to differential sensitivity, except for the influences of the sampling error and of the correlation structure of the prior distribution. In the non‐linear case, the behaviour of the simplified regression coefficient as sensitivity measure is analysed for a simple non‐linear forward model and a frequency‐domain electromagnetic forward model. Differential sensitivity and the simplified regression coefficient are similar for prior intervals on which the forward model response is approximately linear. Differences between the two sensitivity measures increase with the degree of non‐linearity in the prior range. Additionally, we investigate the correlation between prior ensemble and forward response ensemble as sensitivity measure. Correlation yields a normalized version of the simplified regression coefficient. We propose to use this correlation and the simplified regression coefficient for determining depth of investigation in Monte Carlo inversions.
Injection‐Induced Seismic Moment Release and Laboratory Fault Slip: Implications for Fluid‐Induced Seismicity
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Kwiatek, Grzegorz
name: Rybacki, Erik
name: Bohnhoff, Marco
name: Dresen, Georg
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Understanding the relation between injection‐induced seismic moment release and operational parameters is crucial for early identification of possible seismic hazards associated with fluid‐injection projects. We conducted laboratory fluid‐injection experiments on permeable sandstone samples containing a critically stressed fault at different fluid pressurization rates. The observed fluid‐induced fault deformation is dominantly aseismic. Fluid‐induced stick‐slip and fault creep reveal that total seismic moment release of acoustic emission (AE) events is related to total injected volume, independent of respective fault slip behavior. Seismic moment release rate of AE scales with measured fault slip velocity. For injection‐induced fault slip in a homogeneous pressurized region, released moment shows a linear scaling with injected volume for stable slip (steady slip and fault creep), while we find a cubic relation for dynamic slip. Our results highlight that monitoring evolution of seismic moment release with injected volume in some cases may assist in discriminating between stable slip and unstable runaway ruptures.
description: Plain Language Summary: Anthropogenic earthquakes caused by fluid injection have been reported worldwide to occur in the frame of waste‐water disposal, CO2 sequestration, and stimulation of hydrocarbon or deep geothermal reservoirs. To study the dynamics of injection‐induced seismic energy release in a controlled environment, we performed laboratory fluid injection experiments on critically stressed high‐permeability sandstone samples with a prefabricated fault. We monitored acoustic emission occurring during injection‐induced fault sliding. We find that the total seismic deformation (expressed as total seismic moment) is related to total injected volume, independent of fault slip modes (i.e., dynamic slip, steady slip, and fault creep). Seismic moment release rate roughly scales with fault slip velocity. In our experiments, the fluid pressure front migrates faster than the rupture front by about 5 orders of magnitude, resulting in fault slip within a zone of homogeneous fluid overpressure. We find that cumulative seismic moment scales linearly with the injected volume for stable slip (steady slip and fault creep), while it follows a cubic relation for dynamic slip. Our experimental results suggest that the deviation of cumulative moment release with injected volume from a linear trend in practice might be a sign for potential seismic risk. This may be considered in modifying current injection strategies.
description: Key Points: Injection‐induced fault deformation is dominantly aseismic. Total moment release depends on total injected volume, independent of fault slip behavior. Moment‐injected volume scaling is linear for stable slip but shows a cubic relation for dynamic slip.
On the difference between the charge-free and the charge-neutral solutions of Maxwell equations
Creators: name: Chubykalo, Andrew E.
name: Munera, Hector A.
name: Smirnov-Rueda, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is conventionally believed that solutions of so called "free" Maxwell equations for \varrho=0 (density of charge) describe the free electromagnetic field in empty space (if one considers the free field as a field, whose flux lines neither begin nor end in a charge). We consider three types of regions: (i) "isolated charge-free" region (where all electric fields, generated by charges outside that particular region, are zero), for example, inside a hollow conductor of any shape or in a free-charge Universe; (ii) ``non-isolated charge-free" region (where all electric fields, generated by charges outside that particular region, are not zero) and (iii) "charge-neutral" region (where point charges exist but their algebraic sum is zero). The paper notes that there are two families of solutions: (1) In "isolated charge-free" regions electric free field does not exist in the context of Maxwell's equations, but there may exist a time-independent background magnetic field. (2) In both "charge-neutral" and "non-isolated charge-free" regions where the homogeneous condition \varrho=0 also holds, Maxwell's equation for electric field have non-zero solution, as in the conventional view, but this solution is not free field. We mention some implications related to free-electromagnetic fields and the simplest charge-neutral universe.
description: ReVTeX file, 10pp., no figures
title: ADCO, Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00200
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00200, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00200, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Confidence Polytopes in Quantum State Tomography
Creators: name: Wang, Jinzhao
name: Scholz, Volkher B.
name: Renner, Renato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum State Tomography is the task of inferring the state of a quantum system from measurement data. A reliable tomography scheme should not only report an estimate for that state, but also well-justified error bars. These may be specified in terms of confidence regions, i.e., subsets of the state space which contain the system's state with high probability. Here, building upon a quantum generalisation of Clopper-Pearson confidence intervals--a notion known from classical statistics--we present a simple and reliable scheme for generating confidence regions. These have the shape of a polytope and can be computed efficiently. We provide several examples to demonstrate the practical usability of the scheme in experiments.
description: 5+5 pages, 3+3 figures
High‐Frequency (6 Hz) PKPab Precursors and Their Sensitivity to Deep Earth Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Sens‐Schönfelder, C.
name: Bataille, K.
name: Bianchi, M.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: We present observations on a new precursory phase of seismic waves scattered in the deep Earth. This phase arrives prior to the PKPab wave at epicentral distances larger than 155°, and we call it PKPab precursor. We show that the presence of the PKPab precursor is a necessary consequence of scattering in D″, which is the commonly accepted cause of the PKPdf precursor at distances smaller than 145°. PKPdf waves that propagate through the inner core should arrive before the PKPab precursor but those, are strongly attenuated in the inner core at frequencies between 4 Hz and 8 Hz used here, making the PKPab precursor the earliest teleseismic signal at distances larger than 155°. Calculated PKPab precursor sensitivity kernel shows that this phase is mostly sensitive to scattering along the closest PKPbc path between source and receiver. It can thus help to constrain the lateral distribution of heterogeneity along D″.
description: Plain Language Summary: A new discovered seismic signal recorded far away from earthquakes, by stations on the other side of Earth, will help to study the properties of the core–mantle boundary. We use high frequencies at which seismic waves do not propagate through the Earth's inner core but are instead propagated around it by deflection at heterogeneity located along the core–mantle boundary.
description: Key Points: PKP precursor observed at distance beyond 155°. D″ scattering of teleseismic waves at 6 Hz. Radiative transfer simulation used to locate regions of heterogeneity.
description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
Russia's Evolving Political System
Creators: name: Gel'man, Vladimir
name: Oreshkin, Dmitry
name: Jarrell, Andrew
name: Maslov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: POLITICAL SYSTEMS (POLITICS)
subject: DEMOKRATIE (POLITIK)
subject: DEMOCRACY (POLITICS)
subject: POLITISCHE SYSTEME (POLITIK)
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 118
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Additional file 1: of Short-acting bronchodilators for the management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the hospital setting: systematic review
Creators: name: Kopsaftis, Zoe
name: Sulaiman, Nur
name: Mountain, Oliver
name: Carson-Chahhoud, Kristin
name: Phillips, Paddy
name: Smith, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: PRISMA checklist. (PDF 214Â kb)
Legislation and Governance
Creators: name: Aris, Ben
name: Bowring, Bill
name: Grätz, Jonas
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: RECHTSFÄLLE + RECHTSFRAGEN (RECHT)
subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: CORRUPTION + BRIBERY (POLITICS)
subject: INNENPOLITIK (POLITIK)
subject: KORRUPTION + BESTECHLICHKEIT (POLITIK)
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: LEGAL CASES + QUESTIONS OF LAW
subject: INTERNAL POLITICS (POLITICS)
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 120
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Diffractive Hard Photoproduction at HERA and Evidence for the Gluon Content of the Pomeron
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive jet cross sections for events with a large rapidity gap with respect to the proton direction from the reaction $ep \rightarrow jet \; + \; X$ with quasi-real photons have been measured with the ZEUS detector. The cross sections refer to jets with transverse energies $E_T^{jet}>8$~GeV. The data show the characteristics of a diffractive process mediated by pomeron exchange. Assuming that the events are due to the exchange of a pomeron with partonic structure, the quark and gluon content of the pomeron is probed at a scale $\sim (E_T^{jet})^2$. A comparison of the measurements with model predictions based on QCD plus Regge phenomenology requires a contribution of partons with a hard momentum density in the pomeron. A combined analysis of the jet cross sections and recent ZEUS measurements of the diffractive structure function in deep inelastic scattering gives the first experimental evidence for the gluon content of the pomeron in diffractive hard scattering processes. The data indicate that between 30\% and 80\% of the momentum of the pomeron carried by partons is due to hard gluons.
description: 25 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded file. No change w.r.t. previous version (just avoiding warning latex messages while processing)
Satellite Imagery Multiscale Rapid Detection with Windowed Networks
Creators: name: Van Etten, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting small objects over large areas remains a significant challenge in satellite imagery analytics. Among the challenges is the sheer number of pixels and geographical extent per image: a single DigitalGlobe satellite image encompasses over 64 km2 and over 250 million pixels. Another challenge is that objects of interest are often minuscule (~pixels in extent even for the highest resolution imagery), which complicates traditional computer vision techniques. To address these issues, we propose a pipeline (SIMRDWN) that evaluates satellite images of arbitrarily large size at native resolution at a rate of > 0.2 km2/s. Building upon the tensorflow object detection API paper, this pipeline offers a unified approach to multiple object detection frameworks that can run inference on images of arbitrary size. The SIMRDWN pipeline includes a modified version of YOLO (known as YOLT), along with the models of the tensorflow object detection API: SSD, Faster R-CNN, and R-FCN. The proposed approach allows comparison of the performance of these four frameworks, and can rapidly detect objects of vastly different scales with relatively little training data over multiple sensors. For objects of very different scales (e.g. airplanes versus airports) we find that using two different detectors at different scales is very effective with negligible runtime cost.We evaluate large test images at native resolution and find mAP scores of 0.2 to 0.8 for vehicle localization, with the YOLT architecture achieving both the highest mAP and fastest inference speed.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, 1 appendix. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1805.09512
The Russian Budget
Creators: name: Hanson, Philip
name: Gurvich, Evsei
name: Rutland, Peter
name: Yakovlev, Andrei
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2012
Subjects: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ÖFFENTLICHE HAUSHALTE (ÖFFENTLICHE FINANZEN)
EXPENDITURE ON PENSIONS
RENTENAUSGABEN
PUBLIC BUDGETS (PUBLIC FINANCE)
RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 121
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Nucleus-nucleus scattering in perturbative QCD with $N_c\to\infty$
Creators: name: Braun, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the perturbative QCD with $N_c\to\infty$ equations for the amplitude of the nucleus-nucleus scattering are derived by the effective field method. The asymptotic form of the solution is discussed. It is argued that in the high-energy limit the total nucleus-nucleus cross-sections become constant and purely geometrical.
description: 11 pages in LaTex
Pussy Riot
Creators: name: Gall, Caroline von
name: Bremer, Thomas
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: POLITISCHE ASPEKTE (POLITIK)
subject: RUSSIA (FROM 1991 AND UNTIL 1917). RUSSIAN FEDERATION
subject: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS + PROTEST MOVEMENTS (INTERNAL POLITICS)
subject: CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS + CRIMINAL PROCEDURES + LAW OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (CRIMINAL LAW)
subject: MENSCHENRECHTE (INTERNATIONALES RECHT)
subject: SOZIALE BEWEGUNGEN + PROTESTBEWEGUNGEN (INNENPOLITIK)
subject: STRAFPROZESSRECHT + STRAFUNTERSUCHUNG + STRAFVERFAHREN (STRAFRECHT)
subject: HUMAN RIGHTS (INTERNATIONAL LAW)
subject: RUSSLAND (AB 1991 UND VOR 1917). RUSSISCHE FÖDERATION
subject: RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (RELIGIONS)
subject: POLITICAL ASPECTS (POLITICS)
subject: RUSSISCH-ORTHODOXE KIRCHE (RELIGIONEN)
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/320
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/100
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD), 122
description: ISSN:1863-0421
Optimal community structure for social contagions
Creators: name: Su, Zhen
name: Wang, Wei
name: Li, Lixiang
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
name: Braunstein, Lidia A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Community structure is an important factor in the behavior of real-world networks because it strongly affects the stability and thus the phase transition order of the spreading dynamics. We here propose a reversible social contagion model of community networks that includes the factor of social reinforcement. In our model an individual adopts a social contagion when the number of received units of information exceeds its adoption threshold. We use mean-field approximation to describe our proposed model, and the results agree with numerical simulations. The numerical simulations and theoretical analyses both indicate that there is a first-order phase transition in the spreading dynamics, and that a hysteresis loop emerges in the system when there is a variety of initially-adopted seeds. We find an optimal community structure that maximizes spreading dynamics. We also find a rich phase diagram with a triple point that separates the no-diffusion phase from the two diffusion phases.
description: Accepted by New Journal of Physics
Stable Isotope Composition of Cyclone Mekunu Rainfall, Southern Oman
Creators: name: Müller, Thomas
name: Friesen, Jan
name: Weise, Stephan M.
name: Al Abri, Omar
name: Bait Said, Ali Bakhit Ali
name: Michelsen, Nils
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Cyclone Mekunu hit the southern Arabian Peninsula in late May 2018 and brought rainfall amounts that accounted for up to 6 times the mean annual precipitation. Coming from the Arabian Sea, a quite underdocumented region with regard to cyclones, the storm eye crossed the Omani coast approximately 80 km east of the border to Yemen. Using automatic samplers, rainfall samples were collected during the event at three locations along a transect almost parallel to the storm track. The stable isotope analyses show a wide range of δ values, with minimum and maximum values of −17.01‰ δ18O and −1.77‰ δ18O and −122.2‰ δ2H and −1.6‰ δ2H. On average, rainfall becomes isotopically lighter with elevation, but rather irregularly. In view of high wind speeds probably precluding a gradual rainout of ascending air masses, a “pseudo elevation effect” seems likely. Our measurements expand the known δ value range of local cyclones by about 6‰ for δ18O and by nearly 50‰ for δ2H. The isotopic composition of the annual Indian Summer Monsoon shows values of −0.93‰ δ18O to 2.21‰ δ18O and −2.1‰ δ2H to 23.7‰ δ2H. Thus, there is a clear difference in the dual isotope signatures of the two precipitation systems in the area. Our findings enable an assessment of the impact of cyclones on the hydro(geo)logical system. For the arid Najd area, we demonstrate that the isotopic signatures of groundwater samples fall between those of cyclone and (paleo)monsoon precipitation, suggesting that several rainfall types may have contributed to replenishment.
description: Key Points: We conducted high‐resolution sampling of a tropical cyclone from the Arabian Sea for stable isotope and hydrochemical analyses. The strong depletion in heavy isotopes and large intra‐event variations confirm observations from tropical storms elsewhere. There was no overlap with the isotopic fingerprint of local monsoon rains.
description: The Research Council (TRC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004787
description: The Research Council of Oman
A scanning tunneling microscope for spectroscopic imaging below 90 mK in magnetic fields up to 17.5 T
Creators: name: Machida, T.
name: Kohsaka, Y.
name: Hanaguri, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the development and performance of an ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope working under combined extreme conditions of ultra-low temperatures and high magnetic fields. We combined a top-loading dilution refrigerator and a standard bucket dewar with a bottom-loading superconducting magnet to achieve 4.5 days operating time, which is long enough to perform various spectroscopic-imaging measurements. To bring the effective electron temperature closer to the mixing-chamber temperature, we paid particular attention to filtering out the radio-frequency noise, as well as enhancing the thermal link between the microscope unit and the mixing chamber. We estimated the lowest effective electron temperature to be below 90 mK by measuring the superconducting-gap spectrum of aluminum. We confirmed the long-term stability of the spectroscopic-imaging measurement by visualizing superconducting vortices in the cuprate superconductor Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+δ}$.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures