cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Can counterfactual explanations of AI systems' predictions skew lay users' causal intuitions about the world? If so, can we correct for that?
Creators: name: Tesic, Marko
name: Hahn, Ulrike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Counterfactual (CF) explanations have been employed as one of the modes of explainability in explainable AI-both to increase the transparency of AI systems and to provide recourse. Cognitive science and psychology, however, have pointed out that people regularly use CFs to express causal relationships. Most AI systems are only able to capture associations or correlations in data so interpreting them as casual would not be justified. In this paper, we present two experiment (total N = 364) exploring the effects of CF explanations of AI system's predictions on lay people's causal beliefs about the real world. In Experiment 1 we found that providing CF explanations of an AI system's predictions does indeed (unjustifiably) affect people's causal beliefs regarding factors/features the AI uses and that people are more likely to view them as causal factors in the real world. Inspired by the literature on misinformation and health warning messaging, Experiment 2 tested whether we can correct for the unjustified change in causal beliefs. We found that pointing out that AI systems capture correlations and not necessarily causal relationships can attenuate the effects of CF explanations on people's causal beliefs.
A shock in time saves lives: Theory of planned behaviour and nurse-initiated defibrillation
Creators: name: Dwyer, Trudy
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320101
subject: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)

description: "The time from onset of a cardiac arrest to defibrillation is crucial hence access to and use of a defibrillator by all nurses essential. The purpose of this study was to use an established theoretical framework to examine and describe the defibrillation practices and beliefs of rural registered nurses in the Australian state of Queensland. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) guided the research processes for this two phase study. In the first phase, focus group (n = 13) discussions identified the salient beliefs of the population. By eliciting nurses' beliefs, the subsequent quantitative study (n = 434) was conducted to determine the influences of these beliefs on nurses' use or non-use of defibrillators. The results showed that: (1) less than half of the cohort of participants were permitted to defibrillate; (2) the defibrillation beliefs of those nurses permitted to defibrillate were significantly more positive than those not permitted to do so; (3) the direct measures of TPB and selected variables external to the model predicted a significant portion of the variance in the measure of nurse-initiated defibrillation intention; and, (4) subjective norm emerged as the strongest predictor of intention. In conclusion, Queensland rural hospital nurses and employers still have some distance to travel down the path of nurse-initiated defibrillation. The TPB is a viable framework on which to base interventions designed to promote defibrillation by rural nurses. Understanding the role of social norms is of central importance to ensure all nurses can initiate the chain of survival expeditiously whenever the need arises."
Formal limitations of sample-wise information-theoretic generalization bounds
Creators: name: Harutyunyan, Hrayr
name: Steeg, Greg Ver
name: Galstyan, Aram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Some of the tightest information-theoretic generalization bounds depend on the average information between the learned hypothesis and a single training example. However, these sample-wise bounds were derived only for expected generalization gap. We show that even for expected squared generalization gap no such sample-wise information-theoretic bounds exist. The same is true for PAC-Bayes and single-draw bounds. Remarkably, PAC-Bayes, single-draw and expected squared generalization gap bounds that depend on information in pairs of examples exist.
description: 2022 IEEE Information Theory Workshop
Studies on wheel/rail contact: Impact forces at insulated rail joints
Creators: name: Pang, Tao
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401702
subject: Dynamics, vibration and vibration control

description: "To investigate the wheel/rail contact impact forces at insulated rail joints (IRJs), a three-dimensional finite element model and strain gauged experiments are employed and reported in this thesis. The 3D wheel/rail contact-impact FE model adopts a two stage analysis strategy in which the wheel-IRJ railhead contact is first established in the static analysis and the results transferred to dynamic analysis for impact simulations. The explicit FE method was employed in the dynamic analysis. The Lagrange Multiplier method and the Penalty method for contact constraint enforcement were adopted for the static and dynamic analyses respectively. The wheel/rail contact-impact in the vicinity of the end post is exhibited via numerical examples from the FE modelling. The wheel/rail contact impact mechanism is investigated. The strain gauged experiments which consist of a lab test and a field test are reported. The signature of the strain time series from the field test demonstrates a plausible record of the dynamic responses due to the wheel/rail contact impact. By using the experimental data, both the static and the dynamic FE models are validated. It is found that the stiffness discontinuity of the IRJ structure causes a running surface geometry discontinuity during the wheel passages which then causes the impact in the vicinity of the end post. Through a series of sensitivity studies of several IRJ design parameters, it is shown that the IRJ performance can be effectively improved with optimised design parameters." -- abstract
Dingle's final main rule, Berry's transition, and Howls' conjecture
Creators: name: Nemes, Gergő
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A60, 41A80, 33B15

description: The Stokes phenomenon is the apparent discontinuous change in the form of the asymptotic expansion of a function across certain rays in the complex plane, known as Stokes lines, as additional expansions, pre-factored by exponentially small terms, appear in its representation. It was first observed by G. G. Stokes while studying the asymptotic behaviour of the Airy function. R. B. Dingle proposed a set of rules for locating Stokes lines and continuing asymptotic expansions across them. Included among these rules is the "final main rule" stating that half the discontinuity in form occurs on reaching the Stokes line, and half on leaving it the other side. M. V. Berry demonstrated that, if an asymptotic expansion is terminated just before its numerically least term, the transition between two different asymptotic forms across a Stokes line is effected smoothly and not discontinuously as in the conventional interpretation of the Stokes phenomenon. On a Stokes line, in accordance with Dingle's final main rule, Berry's law predicts a multiplier of $\frac{1}{2}$ for the emerging small exponentials. In this paper, we consider two closely related asymptotic expansions in which the multipliers of exponentially small contributions may no longer obey Dingle's rule: their values can differ from $\frac{1}{2}$ on a Stokes line and can be non-zero only on the line itself. This unusual behaviour of the multipliers is a result of a sequence of higher-order Stokes phenomena. We show that these phenomena are rapid but smooth transitions in the remainder terms of a series of optimally truncated hyperasymptotic re-expansions. To this end, we verify a conjecture due to C. J. Howls.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical. The exposition was improved based on the referees' comments
Microarray analysis of the Schistosoma japonicum transcriptome
Creators: name: Moertel, Luke
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2017
Subjects: classificationCode: 320704
subject: Medical parasitology

description: Schistosomiasis, a disease of humans caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma, kills 200 to 500 thousand people annually, endangering over 600 million people world-wide with 200 million people infected in 2003 [1, 2]. Three species of schistosome are primarily responsible for human infections, namely, Schistosoma haematobium, endemic to Africa, India, and the Middle East, S. mansoni, endemic to Africa / South America, and S. japonicum endemic to China and the Philippines [3]. The major pathological effects of schistosomiasis result from the deposition of parasite ova in human tissues and the subsequent intense granulomatous response induced by these eggs. There is a high priority to provide an effective sub-unit vaccine against these schistosome flukes, using proteins encoded by cDNAs expressed by the parasites at critical phases of their development. One technique that may expedite this gene identification is the use of microarrays for expression analysis. A 22,575 feature custom oligonucleotide DNA microarray designed from public domain databases of schistosome ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) was used to explore differential gene expression between the Philippine (SJP) and Chinese (SJC) strains of S. japonicum, and between males and females. It was found that 593, 664 and 426 probes were differentially expressed between the two geographical strains when mix sexed adults, male worms and female worms were compared respectively. Additionally, the study revealed that 1,163 male- and 1,016 female-associated probes were differentially expressed in SJP whereas 1,047 male- and 897 female-associated probes were differentially expressed in SJC [4]. Further to this, a detailed real time PCR expression study was used to explore the differential expression of eight genes of interest throughout the SJC life cycle, which showed that several of the genes were down-regulated in different life cycle stages. The study has greatly expanded previously published data of strain and gender-associated differential expression in S. japonicum. Further, the new data will provide a stepping stone for understanding the complexities of the biology, sexual differentiation, maturation, and development of human schistosomes, signaling new approaches for identifying novel intervention and diagnostic targets against schistosomiasis [4].
Charles de Tolnay: The Medici Chapel
Creators: name: Dussler, Luitpold
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Charles de Tolnay: The Medici Chapel. (Michelangelo, Bd. III) 279 S., 330 Abb. Princeton 1948: Princeton University Press.
description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 3 Nr. 12 (1950): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Molecular Imaging In Sporadic And At Genetically Risk Populations Of Alzheimer´S Disease
Creators: name: Nordberg, Agneta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Positron emission tomography (PET)
Molecular imaging
PET tracers
Amyloid
Alzheimer´s disease (AD)
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Familial Alzheimer´s disease (FAD)

description: The time course and order of the pathological‐physiological processes in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is still under investigation and it is expected that molecular imaging will provide important insight into early brain pathology. Multi‐tracer PET tracer studies visualizing fibrillar amyloid, inflammatory changes including astrocytosis and activation of microglia as well as cerebral glucose metabolism indicate that AD pathological processes are initiated and are on-going in decades before onset of cognitive symptoms. Prevention might therefore be a new promising target for AD therapy.
The gap between hope and happening: Feminist consciousness meets phallocentric smog in a regional Australian university
Creators: name: Moore, Teresa
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2017
Subjects: classificationCode: 440503
subject: Feminist theory

description: The gap between hope and happening refers to the experiences of four academic women who work at Milton University (MU), the pseudonym for a regional Australian university. This thesis is concerned with the ways in which discourses circulating within MU shape the performances and discursive positionings of the four women - Alice, Madonna, Veronica and Tamaly (all pseudonyms) - and how, in turn, these women negotiate these discourses. Data are drawn from the womens narratives, university policy documents and selected institutional texts. A feminist poststructuralist lens interrogates both policies, reflecting different approaches towards gender equity at MU, and discursive practices, constructing the good academic at MU. Instead of acts of resistance, what is revealed in this workplace is the continuing covert strategies of marginalization that reproduce womens positioning on the margins of mainstream academia, indicating the presence of a kind of phallocentnc smog emerging from a dominant masculine culture. This thesis finds a gap between the transformative potential of the four women at the micro-social (subjectivity) level and the lack of transformation at the macro-social (workplace) level. This suggests that the womens abilities to resist and transform phallocentric discourses at the personal/private level are not sustainable at the public level because of the enduring power of normative institutional discourses or the phallocentric smog. This thesis signals the need for ongoing interrogation of the gap between the hope that feminists have (theory) and the happening for women (practice) in the quest for sustainable equity.
Maurer, Friedrich: Nordgermanen und Alemannen
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Maurer, Friedrich: Nordgermanen und Alemannen. Studien zur germanischen und frühdeutschen Sprachgeschichte, Stammesund Volkskunde. 3. Aufl. Bern (A. Francke A. G.) und München (Leo-Lehnen-Verlag) 1952. 187 Seit. m. 25 Abb. Leinen
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 23 (1954): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Genuine Multipartite Entanglement Trends in Gapless-gapped Transitions of Quantum Spin Systems
Creators: name: Biswas, Anindya
name: Prabhu, R.
name: De, Aditi Sen
name: Sen, Ujjwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behavior of genuine multiparticle entanglement, as quantified by the generalized geometric measure, in gapless-to-gapped quantum transitions of one- and two-dimensional quantum spin models. The investigations are performed in the exactly solvable one-dimensional $XY$ models, as well as two-dimensional frustrated $J_{1}-J_{2}$ models, including the Shastry-Sutherland model. The generalized geometric measure shows non-monotonic features near such transitions in the frustrated quantum systems. We also compare the features of the generalized geometric measure near the quantum critical points with the same for measures of bipartite quantum correlations. The multipartite quantum correlation measure turns out to be a better indicator of quantum critical points than the bipartite measures, especially for two-dimensional models.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, REVTeX 4.1; v2: important additions, published version
Helm, Karl: Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. Bd. II. Die nachrömische Zeit. 2. Teil: Die Westgermanen
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Helm, Karl: Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. Bd. II. Die nachrömische Zeit. 2. Teil: Die Westgermanen. Heidelberg (Carl Winter) 1953. 292 Seiten. Geb.
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 24 (1955): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Generalized Adaptive Smoothing Using Matrix Completion for Traffic State Estimation
Creators: name: Yang, Chuhan
name: Thodi, Bilal Thonnam
name: Jabari, Saif Eddin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Adaptive Smoothing Method (ASM) is a data-driven approach for traffic state estimation. It interpolates unobserved traffic quantities by smoothing measurements along spatio-temporal directions defined by characteristic traffic wave speeds. The standard ASM consists of a superposition of two a priori estimates weighted by a heuristic weight factor. In this paper, we propose a systematic procedure to calculate the optimal weight factors. We formulate the a priori weights calculation as a constrained matrix completion problem, and efficiently solve it using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Our framework allows one to further improve the conventional ASM, which is limited by utilizing only one pair of congested and free flow wave speeds, by considering multiple wave speeds. Our proposed algorithm does not require any field-dependent traffic parameters, thus bypassing frequent field calibrations as required by the conventional ASM. Experiments using NGSIM data show that the proposed ADMM-based estimation incurs lower error than the ASM estimation.
Comunicato Stampa Della Iarc  N°231 - "La Maggior Parte Dei Tumori Non Sono Causati Dalla "Cattiva Sorte" - La Iarc Replica Ad Un Articolo Scientifico Il Quale Sostiene Che Fattori Ambientali E Fattori Legati Allo Stile Di Vita Siano Responsabili Di Meno Di Un Terzo Di Tutte Le Neoplasie " - Del 13 Gennaio 2015
Creators: name: Fellone, Lucio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cancer, IARC, Prevention, lifestyle, environment

description: Versione autorizzata in italiano del Comunicato Stampa della IARC  N°231 pubblicato il 13 gennaio 2015: "LA MAGGIOR PARTE DEI TUMORI NON SONO CAUSATI DALLA "CATTIVA SORTE" - LA IARC REPLICA AD UN ARTICOLO SCIENTIFICO IL QUALE SOSTIENE CHE FATTORI AMBIENTALI E FATTORI LEGATI ALLO STILE DI VITA SIANO RESPONSABILI DI MENO DI UN TERZO DI TUTTE LE NEOPLASIE. Documento originale all'indirizzo:  http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2015/pdfs/pr231_E.pdf

Authorized Italian version of the IARC Press Release N°231 published on 13 January 2015: Most types of cancer not due to “bad luck” IARC responds to scientific article claiming that environmental and lifestyle factors account for less than one third of cancers. Original document at: http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2015/pdfs/pr231_E.pdf
description: Also published at: https://updatingmdl.wordpress.com/documents/
description: {"references": ["Original IARC Press Release at http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2015/pdfs/pr231_E.pdf"]}
Exact Half-BPS Flux Solutions in M-theory with $D(2, 1; c'; 0)^2$ Symmetry: Local Solutions
Creators: name: Estes, John
name: Feldman, Roman
name: Krym, Darya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct local solutions to 11-dimensional supergravity (or M-theory), which are invariant under the superalgebra $D(2, 1; c'; 0)\oplus D(2, 1; c'; 0)$ for all values of the parameter $c'$. The BPS constraints are reduced to a single linear PDE on a complex function $G$. The PDE was solved in 0806.0605 modulo application of boundary and regularity conditions. The physical fields of the solutions are determined by $c'$, a harmonic function $h$, and the complex function $G$. $ h$ and $G$ are both functions on a 2-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold. The harmonic function $ h$ is freely chosen. We obtain the expressions for the metric and the field strength in terms of $G$, $h$, and $c'$ and show that these are indeed valid solutions of the Einstein, Maxwell, and Bianchi equations. Finally we give a construction of one parameter deformations of $AdS_7 \times S^4$ and $AdS_4 \times S^7$ as a function of $c'$.
Flat phase of quenched disordered membranes at three-loop order
Creators: name: Metayer, S.
name: Mouhanna, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quenched disordered polymerized membranes in their flat phase by means of a three-loop perturbative analysis performed in dimension $D = 4-ε$. We derive the renormalization group equations at this order and solve them up to order $ε^3$. Our results confirm those obtained by Coquand et al. within a nonperturbative approach [Phys. Rev. E 97, 030102(R) (2018)] predicting a finite-temperature, finite-disorder wrinkling transition and those obtained by Coquand and Mouhanna within a recent two-loop order approach [Phys. Rev. E 103, L031001 (2021)], while correcting some of the results obtained in this last reference. We compute the anomalous dimensions that characterize the scaling behavior at the various fixed points of the renormalization group flow diagram. They appear to be in strong agreement with those predicted within the nonperturbative context.
description: 7 pages, 1 supplementary material file SM.m containing the 3-loop RG equations, published version
Fully-Balanced Heat Interferometer
Creators: name: Martinez-Perez, M. J.
name: Giazotto, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A tunable and balanced heat interferometer is proposed and analyzed. The device consists of two superconductors linked together to form a double-loop interrupted by three Josephson junctions coupled in parallel. Both superconductors are held at different temperatures allowing the heat currents flowing through the structure to interfere. As we show here, thermal transport is coherently modulated through the application of a magnetic flux. Furthermore, such modulation can be tailored at will through the application of an extra control flux. In addition we show that, provided a proper choice of the system parameters, a fully balanced interferometer is obtained. The latter means that the phase-coherent part of heat current can be controlled to the extent of being fully suppressed. Such a device allows for a versatile operation appearing, therefore, as an attractive key to the onset of low-temperature coherent caloritronic circuits.
CMB EB and TB cross-spectrum estimation via pseudo-spectrum techniques
Creators: name: Grain, Julien
name: Tristram, Matthieu
name: Stompor, Radek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss methods for estimating EB and TB spectra of the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy maps covering limited sky area. Such odd-parity correlations are expected to vanish whenever parity is not broken. As this is indeed the case in the standard cosmologies, any evidence to the contrary would have a profound impact on our theories of the early Universe. Such correlations could also become a sensitive diagnostic of some particularly insidious instrumental systematics. In this work we introduce three different unbiased estimators based on the so-called standard and pure pseudo-spectrum techniques and later assess their performance by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations performed for different experimental configurations. We find that a hybrid approach combining a pure estimate of B-mode multipoles with a standard one for E-mode (or T) multipoles, leads to the smallest error bars for both EB (or TB respectively) spectra as well as for the three other polarization-related angular power spectra i.e. EE, BB and TE$. However, if both E and B multipoles are estimated using the pure technique the loss of precision for the EB spectrum is not larger than ~30%. Moreover, for the experimental configurations considered here, the statistical uncertainties -- due to sampling variance and instrumental noise -- of the pseudo-spectrum estimates is at most a factor ~1.4 for TT, EE and TE spectra and a factor ~2 for BB, TB and EB spectra, higher than the most optimistic Fisher estimate of the variance.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, submitted for publication to Physical Review D
Ein Faustkeilfund im südhannoverschen Kreise Münden
Creators: name: Jünemann, Fritz-Bertram
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 25 (1956): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
DNA bis-intercalators: Design, synthesis and DNA binding properties of potential anti-cancer agents based on rigid polynorbornyl molecular scaffolds
Creators: name: Foley, PJP
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 321199
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified

description: DNA bis-intercalating agents constitute an important class of compounds for cancer chemotherapy. The work presented in this dissertation deals with the synthesis of a new class of DNA bis-intercalating agents of type I containing rigid polynorbomyl molecular frameworks. The highly rigid molecular framework is designed to place and orient the two intercalating chromophores (the DNA-reactive entities) optimally for specific binding to a known nucleotide sequence. The chromophores are attached to the rigid framework via short flexible tethers, allowing some degree of conformational mobility while maintaining well-defined maximum and minimum inter-chromophore separations. A modular approach to synthesis has been adopted to prepare the bis-intercalators that involved initial preparation of a series of complementary A-BLOCKs II and B-BLOCKIII (Scheme I), each of which contains one intercalating chromophore. These BLOCKs contain different end-functionality (A-BLOCK: alkene; B-BLOCK: epoxide) which react with each other stereospecifically, but not with themselves to produce the desired product IV. The wide range of topologically well defined products generated by this approach show variations which include spacer length, chromophore type and nature of the tether joining the chromophores to the rigid molecular framework. In particular, the BLOCK approach has permitted the preparation of the most comprehensive range of asymmetrical bis-intercalators containing rigid spacers yet described. Representative products derived from this methodology, include the bisacridine V and the acridine-naphthalimide mixed derivative VI. In addition, significant advances have been made to control the hydrophilicity of these drugs, thereby enhancing the bio-compatibility of these novel molecules. DNA binding experiments have been performed on the bis-intercalators prepared in this study. Polynucleotide structural selectivity was observed and sequence-selectivity was associated with the binding of two of the compounds with the highest affinity for DNA. Some features that enhance binding selectivity and affinity have been identified so that the synthesis of more selective compounds for effective gene targeting in chemotherapy can proceed in the future. The results which have helped to define more clearly the parameters of drug-DNA interaction represent a good example of how organic chemistry can be a useful tool to help elucidate and understand biological phenomena. The ground work has been completed providing a solid foundation from which the preparation of novel synthetic targets of medicinal interest using the BLOCK coupling concept can now be approached with less trepidation.
Suppression of 2π phase-slip due to hidden zero modes in one dimensional topological superconductors
Creators: name: Pekker, David
name: Hou, Chang-Yu
name: Bergman, Doron L.
name: Goldberg, Sam
name: Adagideli, İnanç
name: Hassler, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study phase slips in one-dimensional topological superconducting wires. These wires have been proposed as building blocks for topologically protected qubits in which the quantum information is distributed over the length of the device and thus is immune to local sources of decoherence. However, phase-slips are non-local events that can result in decoherence. Phase slips in topological superconductors are peculiar for the reason that they occur in multiples of 4π (instead of 2π in conventional superconductors). We re-establish this fact via a beautiful analogy to the particle physics concept of dynamic symmetry breaking by explicitly finding a "hidden" zero mode in the fermion spectrum computed in the background of a 2π phase-slip. Armed with the understanding of phase-slips in topological superconductors, we propose a simple experimental setup with which the predictions can be tested by monitoring tunneling rate of a superconducting flux quantum through a topological superconducting wire.
description: 18 pages,14 figures, Updated reference
In-plane oxygens in high-temperature superconducting cuprates
Creators: name: Nikšić, G.
name: Kupčić, I.
name: Sunko, D. K.
name: Barišić, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of the oxygen degree of freedom in the cuprates' superconducting planes is analyzed in detail. Structural and photoemission results are reviewed to show that the most sparse description of the in-plane electronic states requires explicit control of the oxygens. For metallic states, the relative contributions of oxygen and copper vary along the Fermi surface, with the arc metallicity dominantly oxygen-derived. For the magnetic responses, we find that the observed incommensurability arises naturally if one keeps separate the roles of the two sites. For the charge order in LBCO, we propose a scenario, based on magnetic interactions in the plane. We stress the need for further experimental investigations of the evolution of the intracell charge distribution with doping, and for a better theoretical understanding of the large particle-hole-symmetry breaking required for successful phenomenologies, but difficult to reconcile with ab initio calculations.
description: Invited talk at Superstripes-2012, Erice, final version as accepted by the Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - some references corrected
Behn, Friedrich: Ausgrabungen und Ausgräber
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Behn, Friedrich: Ausgrabungen und Ausgräber. Stuttgart (W. Kohlhammer, Verlag) 1955. 147 Seiten mit 18 Strichzeichnungen und 61 Kunstdrucktaf. Urban-Bücher Bd. 15. Brosch.
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 25 (1956): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Horizon physics of quasi-one-dimensional tilted Weyl cones on a lattice
Creators: name: Könye, Viktor
name: Morice, Corentin
name: Chernyavsky, Dmitry
name: Moghaddam, Ali G.
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
name: van Wezel, Jasper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To simulate the dynamics of massless Dirac fermions in curved spacetimes with one, two, and three spatial dimensions we construct tight-binding Hamiltonians with spatially varying hoppings. These models represent tilted Weyl semimetals where the tilting varies with position, in a manner similar to the light cones near the horizon of a black hole. We illustrate the gravitational analogies in these models by numerically evaluating the propagation of wave packets on the lattice and then comparing them to the geodesics of the corresponding curved spacetime. We also show that the motion of electrons in these spatially varying systems can be understood through the conservation of energy and the quasi-conservation of quasimomentum. This picture is confirmed by calculations of the scattering matrix, which indicate an exponential suppression of any noncontinuous change in the quasimomentum. Finally, we show that horizons in the lattice models can be constructed also at finite energies using specially designed tilting profiles.
Kleist, Diether v.: Die urgeschichtlichen Funde des Kreises Schlawe
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Kleist, Diether v.: Die urgeschichtlichen Funde des Kreises Schlawe. 3. Beiheft zum Atlas der Urgeschichte. Herausgegeben von H. J. Eggers. Hamburg (Museum für Völkerkunde und Vorgeschichte) 1955. 39 Seiten mit 50 Taf.
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 25 (1956): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Teacher conceptions of student engagement in learning: A phenomenographic investigation
Creators: name: Harris, Lois
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Project involves "semi-structured interviews with 20 Central Queensland secondary English teachers about their classroom experiences with student engagement".. "This study utilises a phenomenographic approach to investigate teacher conceptions of student engagement in learning. The research question asks: What are the qualitatively different conceptions of student engagement in learning held by secondary English teachers in Central Queensland? The research aims to contribute to knowledge about student engagement by investigating the teacher perspectives generally ignored in the research literature. This thesis begins with a review of academic research, scholarship, and government documents where multiple and conflicting understandings of engagement are identified. Phenomenography has been chosen as the empirical research approach because it is designed to map variation in understandings. Standard phenomenographic analysis is used in conjunction with two frameworks congruent with phenomenography. The first framework is based on understandings of intentionality and the second on understandings of awareness. Together these frameworks allow for in-depth analysis of conceptions by identifying the parts and contexts of conceptions and differentiating between the participants understanding and his or her conception of how this understanding is facilitated. The empirical component of the research involves semi-structured interviews with 20 Central Queensland secondary English teachers about their classroom experiences with student engagement. These data are transcribed and analysed as per phenomenographic protocol. This study identifies six conceptions within the what aspect, teacher conceptions of student engagement. These correspond with three conceptions comprising the how aspect, teacher conceptions of how to facilitate student engagement. The findings of the empirical research and scholarly review of literature build conceptual knowledge about student engagement. This research indicates that educational stakeholders do not hold similar understandings of student engagement. If the concept of student engagement is to become educationally fruitful, the term must be more explicitly defined in educational research and government policy documents to promote shared understandings among stakeholder groups." -- abstract.
Epigenetic landscapes explain partially reprogrammed cells and identify key reprogramming genes
Creators: name: Lang, Alex H.
name: Li, Hu
name: Collins, James J.
name: Mehta, Pankaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common metaphor for describing development is a rugged "epigenetic landscape" where cell fates are represented as attracting valleys resulting from a complex regulatory network. Here, we introduce a framework for explicitly constructing epigenetic landscapes that combines genomic data with techniques from spin-glass physics. Each cell fate is a dynamic attractor, yet cells can change fate in response to external signals. Our model suggests that partially reprogrammed cells are a natural consequence of high-dimensional landscapes, and predicts that partially reprogrammed cells should be hybrids that co-express genes from multiple cell fates. We verify this prediction by reanalyzing existing datasets. Our model reproduces known reprogramming protocols and identifies candidate transcription factors for reprogramming to novel cell fates, suggesting epigenetic landscapes are a powerful paradigm for understanding cellular identity.
description: 24 pages in main text with 11 pages in Supplementary Information, 6 Figures, 6 Data Files. v2 correctly attaches Data Files, no paper changes. v3 only change in Data File TF_Reprogramming_Candidates.xls so that Overexpression / Knockout were in separate lists. v4 updates file to version published in Plos Comp Bio
Natzmer, Gert v.: Die Kulturen der Vorzeit. Eine Million Jahre Lebensformen der Menschheit
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Natzmer, Gert v.: Die Kulturen der Vorzeit. Eine Million Jahre Lebensformen der Menschheit. Berlin (Safari-Verlag) 1955. 218 Seiten mit 83 Photos auf Kunstdrucktaf., 1 Farbkarte und 3 Textkarten
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 25 (1956): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Charged lepton contributions to bimaximal and tri-bimaximal mixings for generating $\sinθ_{13}\neq 0$ and $\tan^2θ_{23}<1$
Creators: name: Duarah, C.
name: Das, A.
name: Singh, N. Nimai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bimaximal (BM) and tri-bimaximal (TB) mixings of neutrinos are two special cases of lepton mixing matrix, which predict the reactor angle $θ_{13}=0$ and the atmospheric angle $\tan^2θ_{23}=1$. Recent precision measurements and global analysis of oscillation parameters, have confirmed a non-vanishing value of $θ_{13}$ as well as deviations of $θ_{12}$ and $θ_{23}$ from their maximal values predicted by BM or TB mixing. In this work we mainly concentrate on $θ_{13}$ and $θ_{23}$ to assign $\sinθ_{13}\neq 0$ and $\tan^2θ_{23}<1$ with the help of charged lepton corrections defined by $U_{PMNS}=U^{\dagger}_lU_ν$. We first consider $U_ν$ to be given separately by BM and TB mixing matrices and then find the possible forms of $U_l}$ such that the elements of PMNS matrix, finally yield $\sinθ_{13}\neq 0$ and $\tan^2θ_{23}<1$. To compute the values of mixing angles we assume the charged lepton correction to be of CKM-like. All the mixing matrices considered here satisfy the unitarity condition to leading order of expansion parameters. We also analyze both the mixing schemes in presence of Dirac CP phase and find expressions for the rephasing invariant quantity $J_{CP}$ which have been discussed in recent literature.
description: 16 pages, four figures, revised version, accepted in Physics Letter B
Dynamics of condensation in the symmetric inclusion process
Creators: name: Grosskinsky, Stefan
name: Redig, Frank
name: Vafayi, Kiamars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The inclusion process is a stochastic lattice gas, which is a natural bosonic counterpart of the well-studied exclusion process and has strong connections to models of heat conduction and applications in population genetics. Like the zero-range process, due to attractive interaction between the particles, the inclusion process can exhibit a condensation transition. In this paper we present first rigorous results on the dynamics of the condensate formation for this class of models. We study the symmetric inclusion process on a finite set $S$ with total number of particles $N$ in the regime of strong interaction, i.e. with independent diffusion rate $m=m_N \to 0$. For the case $N m_N\to\infty$ we show that on the time scale $1/m_N$ condensates emerge from general homogeneous initial conditions, and we precisely characterize their limiting dynamics. In the simplest case of two sites or a fully connected underlying random walk kernel, there is a single condensate hopping over $S$ as a continuous-time random walk. In the non fully connected case several condensates can coexist and exchange mass via intermediate sites in an interesting coarsening process, which consists of a mixture of a diffusive motion and a jump process, until a single condensate is formed. Our result is based on a general two-scale form of the generator, with a fast-scale neutral Wright-Fisher diffusion and a slow-scale deterministic motion. The motion of the condensates is described in terms of the generator of the deterministic motion and the harmonic projection corresponding to the absorbing states of the Wright-Fisher diffusion.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures; minor corrections, including proof of Lemma 3.5
Improved Criterion for Sawtooth Trigger and Modelling
Creators: name: Zocco, A.
name: Connor, J. W.
name: Gimblett, C. G.
name: Hastie, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the role of neoclassical resistivity and local magnetic shear in the triggering of the sawtooth in tokamaks. When collisional detrapping of electrons is considered the value of the safety factor on axis, $q(0,t)$, evolves on a new time scale, $τ_{*}=τ_ην_{*}/(8\sqrtε)$, where $τ_η=4πa^{2}/[c^{2}η(0)]$ is the resistive diffusion time, $ν_{*}=ν_{e}/(ε^{3/2}ω_{te})$ the electron collision frequency normalised to the transit frequency and $ε=a/R_{0}$ the tokamak inverse aspect ratio. Such evolution is characterised by the formation of a structure of size $δ_{*}\simν_{*}^{2/3}a$ around the magnetic axis, which can drive rapid evolution of the magnetic shear and decrease of $q(0,t)$. We investigate two possible trigger mechanisms for a sawtooth collapse corresponding to crossing the linear threshold for the $m=1,n=1$ instability and non-linear triggering of this mode by a core resonant mode near the magnetic axis. The sawtooth period in each case is determined by the time for the resistive evolution of the $q$-profile to reach the relevant stability threshold; in the latter case it can be strongly affected by $ν_*.$
description: Submitted to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion (Varenna Fusion Theory Conference 2012)
Voigt, Theodor: Das frühbronzezeitliche Gräberfeld von Wahlitz, Kr. Burg
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Voigt, Theodor: Das frühbronzezeitliche Gräberfeld von Wahlitz, Kr. Burg. Heft 14 der Veröffentlichungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte in Halle. Halle (Max-Niemeyer-Verlag) 1955. 56 Seiten mit 41 Taf.
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 25 (1956): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
NeuGuard: Lightweight Neuron-Guided Defense against Membership Inference Attacks
Creators: name: Xu, Nuo
name: Wang, Binghui
name: Ran, Ran
name: Wen, Wujie
name: Venkitasubramaniam, Parv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Membership inference attacks (MIAs) against machine learning models can lead to serious privacy risks for the training dataset used in the model training. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective Neuron-Guided Defense method named NeuGuard against membership inference attacks (MIAs). We identify a key weakness in existing defense mechanisms against MIAs wherein they cannot simultaneously defend against two commonly used neural network based MIAs, indicating that these two attacks should be separately evaluated to assure the defense effectiveness. We propose NeuGuard, a new defense approach that jointly controls the output and inner neurons' activation with the object to guide the model output of training set and testing set to have close distributions. NeuGuard consists of class-wise variance minimization targeting restricting the final output neurons and layer-wise balanced output control aiming to constrain the inner neurons in each layer. We evaluate NeuGuard and compare it with state-of-the-art defenses against two neural network based MIAs, five strongest metric based MIAs including the newly proposed label-only MIA on three benchmark datasets. Results show that NeuGuard outperforms the state-of-the-art defenses by offering much improved utility-privacy trade-off, generality, and overhead.
Majorana Dark Matter Cross Sections with Nucleons at High Energies
Creators: name: Jeong, Yu Seon
name: Kim, C. S.
name: Reno, Mary Hall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-relativistic dark matter scattering with nucleons is constrained by direct detection experiments. We use the XENON constraints on the spin-independent and spin-dependent cross section for dark matter scattering with nucleons to constrain a hypothetical Majorana fermionic dark matter particle's couplings to the Higgs boson and Z boson. In the procedure we illustrate the change in the dark matter nucleon cross section as one goes from non-relativistic, coherent scattering to relativistic, incoherent scattering. While the Z invisible decay width excludes directly couplings of dark matter to ordinary matter, by introducing a light Z' portal to the dark sector, a relatively large dark matter nucleon cross section can be preserved even with accelerator experiment constraints for dark matter with a mass of ~10 GeV
description: 6 pages, 3 figures