cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Torque reversal and orbital profile of X-ray pulsar OAO 1657-415
Creators: name: Liao, Zhenxuan
name: Liu, Jiren
name: Jenke, Peter A.
name: Gou, Lijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OAO 1657-415 is an atypical supergiant X-ray binary among wind-fed and disk-fed systems, showing alternate spin-up/spin-down intervals lasting on the order of tens of days. We study different torque states of OAO 1657-415 based on the spin history monitored by {\it Fermi}/GBM, together with fluxes from {\it Swift}/BAT and {\it MAXI}/GSC. Its spin frequency derivatives are well correlated with {\it Swift}/BAT fluxes during rapid spin-up episodes, anti-correlated with {\it Swift}/BAT fluxes during rapid spin-down episodes, and not correlated in between. The orbital profile of spin-down episodes is reduced by a factor of 2 around orbital phases of 0.2 and 0.8 compared to that of spin-up episodes. The orbital hardness ratio profile of spin-down episodes is also lower than that of spin-up episodes around phases close to the mid-eclipse, implying that there is more material between the neutron star and the observer for spin-down episodes than for spin-up episodes around these phases. These results indicate that the torque state of the neutron star is connected with the material flow on orbital scale and support the retrograde/prograde disk accretion scenario for spin-down/spin-up torque reversal.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Absorption kinetics of vacancies by cavities in Aluminum: numerical characterization of sink strengths and first-passage statistics through Krylov subspace projection and eigenvalue deflation
Creators: name: Kaur, Savneet
name: Athènes, Manuel
name: Creuze, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling the microstructural evolution of metal and alloys, specifically under irradiation, is essential to predict the aging properties of materials. Many models are based on a transition rate matrix describing the jump frequencies of defects and involve a master equation governing the time evolution of a state probability vector. Here, we present non-stochastic numerical techniques to characterize the motion of individual defects migrating over long distances prior to recombining or being absorbed by another defect, resorting to the theory of absorbing Markov chains. These important events are fully determined by their first-passage time distribution to distant locations, no-passage distribution ,and walker fluxes to the sinks. We show that these functions can be efficiently computed using a method combining Krylov subspace projection and eigenvalue deflation. For a model system describing the absorption of a vacancy by a cavity in aluminum, the use of a small Krylov subspace deflated by the unique eigenmode corresponding to the quasi-stationary distribution is sufficient to capture the kinetics of the defect absorption faithfully. This method can be used in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to perform stochastic non-local moves or in cluster dynamics simulations to compute sink strengths.
Simplicity of eigenvalues in Anderson-type models
Creators: name: Naboko, Sergey
name: Nichols, Roger
name: Stolz, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B44 (Primary) 47B40, 81Q10 (Secondary)

description: We show almost sure simplicity of eigenvalues for several models of Anderson-type random Schrödinger operators, extending methods introduced by Simon for the discrete Anderson model. These methods work throughout the spectrum and are not restricted to the localization regime. We establish general criteria for the simplicity of eigenvalues which can be interpreted as separately excluding the absence of local and global symmetries, respectively. The criteria are applied to Anderson models with matrix-valued potential as well as with single-site potentials supported on a finite box.
description: 20 pages
Long-term Outcomes in a Large Randomized Trial of HIV-1 Salvage Therapy: 96-Week Results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5241 (OPTIONS)
Creators: name: Vu, V.
name: Gandhi, R.T.
name: Hogg, E.
name: Fichtenbaum, C.J.
name: Ritz, J.
name: Smeaton, L.M.
name: Tashima, K.T.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Andrade, A.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Background: Short-term (48-week) results of the OPTIONS trial showed that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be safely omitted from salvage therapy as long as the regimen has a cumulative activity of >2 active antiretroviral medications. The long-term durability of this approach and outcomes in persons who have more-extensive HIV-1 drug resistance are uncertain. Methods: Participants with virologic failure and anticipated antiretroviral susceptibility received an optimized regimen and were randomized to omit or add NRTIs. A separate group with more resistance (cumulative activity ≤2 active agents) received an optimized regimen including NRTIs. Results: At week 96, among 360 participants randomized to omit or add NRTIs, 70% and 65% had HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL, respectively. Virologic failure was uncommon after week 48. Younger age and starting fewer new antiretroviral medications were associated with higher odds of virologic failure. In the highly resistant group, 53% had HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL at week 96. Conclusions: HIV-1 salvage therapy can safely omit NRTIs without compromising efficacy or durability of response as long as the new regimen has a cumulative activity of >2 active drugs. Younger people and those receiving fewer new antiretrovirals require careful monitoring. Even among individuals with more-extensive resistance, most achieve virologic suppression. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT00537394.
T cells with high PD-1 expression are associated with lower HIV-specific immune responses despite long-term antiretroviral therapy
Creators: name: Eron, J.J.
name: Lalama, C.M.
name: Gandhi, R.T.
name: Hogg, E.
name: Macatangay, B.J.C.
name: Riddler, S.A.
name: Jones, R.B.
name: Cyktor, J.C.
name: Stevenson, E.
name: Thomas, A.S.
name: Bosch, R.J.
name: Mellors, J.W.
name: Borowski, L.
name: Rinaldo, C.R.
name: McMahon, D.K.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2020

description: Objective: We evaluated frequencies of T cells with high PD-1 expression (PD-1HI) before and after long-term effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), and determined if frequencies on-ART correlated positively with measures of HIV persistence and negatively with HIV-specific responses.Methods:We enrolled individuals who started ART during chronic infection and had durable suppression of viremia for at least 4 years (N=99). We assessed PD-1HI T-cell frequencies at timepoints pre-ART and on-ART using flow cytometry, and evaluated how frequencies on-ART are associated with measures of HIV persistence, HIV-specific immune responses, and immune activation levels.Results:Pre-ART, PD-1HI CD4+ T cells correlated positively with viremia and negatively with CD4+ T-cell count. At year 1 on-ART, %PD-1HI CD4+ T cells decreased but then remained stable at 4 and 6-15 years on-ART, whereas %PD-1HI CD8+ T cells on-ART remained similar to pre-ART. PD-1HI CD4+ T cells correlated positively with HIV DNA pre-ART and on-ART, and with CD4+ T-cell activation on-ART. PD-1HI CD4+ T cells negatively correlated with HIV Gag-specific and Env-specific T-cell responses but not with CMV-specific or EBV-specific responses. PD-1HI CD8+ T cells trended towards a negative correlation with responses to Gag and Env, but not to CMV and EBV.Conclusion:PD-1HI T cells persist in blood despite prolonged suppression on ART, correlate with HIV DNA levels, and are associated with lower HIV-specific T-cell responses but not CMV-specific or EBV-specific responses, suggesting that these cells are HIV-specific. The findings support evaluating PD-1 blockade strategies for their effect on HIV persistence and HIV-specific immunity.
Period-Luminosity Relation for Type II Cepheids
Creators: name: Matsunaga, Noriyuki
name: Feast, Michael W.
name: Menzies, John W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have estimated JHKs magnitudes corrected to mean intensity for LMC type II Cepheids found in the OGLE-III survey. Period-luminosity relations (PLRs) are derived in JHKs as well as in a reddening-free VI parameter. The BL Her stars (P<4d) and the W Vir stars (P=4 to 20d) are co-linear in these PLRs. The slopes of the infrared relations agree with those found previously for type II Cepheids in globular clusters within the uncertainties. Using the pulsation parallaxes of V553 Cen and SW Tau, the data lead to an LMC modulus of 18.46+-0.10 mag, uncorrected for any metallicity effects. We have now established the PLR of type II Cepheids as a distance indicator by confirming that (almost) the same PLR satisfies the distributions in the PL diagram of type II Cepheids in (at least) two different systems, i.e. the LMC and Galactic globular clusters, and by calibrating the zero point of the PLR. RV Tau stars in the LMC, as a group, are not co-linear with the shorter-period type II Cepheids in the infrared PLRs in marked contrast to such stars in globular clusters. We note differences in period distribution and infrared colors for RV Tau stars in the LMC, globular clusters and Galactic field. We also compare the PLR of type II Cepheids with that of classical Cepheids.
description: To appear in the proceedings for the conference "Stellar Pulsation: Challenges for Theory and Observations" held in Santa Fe, USA
A Survey on Concept Drift in Process Mining
Creators: name: Sato, Denise Maria Vecino
name: de Freitas, Sheila Cristiana
name: Barddal, Jean Paul
name: Scalabrin, Edson Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Concept drift in process mining (PM) is a challenge as classical methods assume processes are in a steady-state, i.e., events share the same process version. We conducted a systematic literature review on the intersection of these areas, and thus, we review concept drift in process mining and bring forward a taxonomy of existing techniques for drift detection and online process mining for evolving environments. Existing works depict that (i) PM still primarily focuses on offline analysis, and (ii) the assessment of concept drift techniques in processes is cumbersome due to the lack of common evaluation protocol, datasets, and metrics.
description: 38 pages, ACM Computing Surveys
Estimating Causal Peer Influence in Homophilous Social Networks by Inferring Latent Locations
Creators: name: McFowland, Edward
name: Shalizi, Cosma Rohilla
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Social influence cannot be identified from purely observational data on social networks, because such influence is generically confounded with latent homophily, i.e., with a node’s network partners being informative about the node’s attributes and therefore its behavior. If the network grows according to either a latent community (stochastic block) model, or a continuous latent space model, then latent homophilous attributes can be consistently estimated from the global pattern of social ties. We show that, for common versions of those two network models, these estimates are so informative that controlling for estimated attributes allows for asymptotically unbiased and consistent estimation of social-influence effects in linear models. In particular, the bias shrinks at a rate that directly reflects how much information the network provides about the latent attributes. These are the first results on the consistent non-experimental estimation of social-influence effects in the presence of latent homophily, and we discuss the prospects for generalizing them.
Correlation of anomalous scattering and superconductivity in Pb$_{.99}$Tl$_{.01}$Te doped with additional indium donors
Creators: name: Erickson, A. S.
name: Breznay, N. P.
name: Nowadnick, E. A.
name: Geballe, T. H.
name: Fisher, I. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent evidence for a charge-Kondo effect in superconducting samples of Pb$_{1-x}$Tl$_x$Te [1] has brought renewed attention to the possibility of negative U superconductivity in this material, associated with valence fluctuations on the Tl impurity sites [2]. Here, we use indium as an electron-donor to counterdope Pb$_{.99}$Tl$_{.01}$Te and study the effect of the changing chemical potential on the Kondo-like physics and on the superconducting critical temperature, $T_c$. We find that, as the chemical potential moves away from the value where superconductivity, Kondo-like physics, and chemical potential pinning are expected, both $T_c$ and the low-temperature resistance anomaly are suppressed. This provides further evidence that both the superconductivity and the Kondo-like behavior are induced by the same source, as anticipated in the negative U model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Translator writing system for minicomputers.
Creators: name: Madderom, Jake
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Some portions of real-time computer process control software can be programmed with special purpose high-level languages. A translator writing system for minicomputers is developed to aid in writing translators for those languages. The translator writing system uses an LR(1) grammar analyzer with an LR(1) skeleton parser. XPL is used as the source language for the semantics. An XPL to intermediate language translator has been written to aid in the translation of XPL programs to minicomputer assembly language. A simple macro generator must be written to translate intermediate language programs into various minicomputer assembly languages.
Impact of abstinence and of reducing illicit drug use without abstinence on human immunodeficiency virus viral load
Creators: name: Christopoulous, K.
name: Whitney, B.M.
name: Kuo, I.
name: Nance, R.M.
name: Simoni, J.M.
name: Altice, F.L.
name: Young, J.D.
name: Saag, M.S.
name: Springer, S.
name: Ouellet, L.J.
name: Cunningham, W.E.
name: Taxman, F.
name: Mugavero, M.J.
name: Crane, H.M.
name: Chandler, R.
name: Kitahata, M.M.
name: Kurth, A.
name: Chris Mathews, W.
name: Chander, G.
name: Kahana, S.
name: Beckwith, C.G.
name: Donovan, D.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Trejo, M.E.P.
name: Fredericksen, R.J.
name: Kronmal, R.
name: Quan, V.M.
name: Cunningham, C.
name: Mayer, K.H.
name: Delaney, J.A.C.
name: Rio, C.D.
name: Strand, L.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Background. Substance use is common among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and a barrier to achieving viral suppression. Among PLWH who report illicit drug use, we evaluated associations between HIV viral load (VL) and reduced use of illicit opioids, methamphetamine/crystal, cocaine/crack, and marijuana, regardless of whether or not abstinence was achieved. Methods. This was a longitudinal cohort study of PLWH from 7 HIV clinics or 4 clinical studies. We used joint longitudinal and survival models to examine the impact of decreasing drug use and of abstinence for each drug on viral suppression. We repeated analyses using linear mixed models to examine associations between change in frequency of drug use and VL. Results. The number of PLWH who were using each drug at baseline ranged from n = 568 (illicit opioids) to n = 4272 (marijuana). Abstinence was associated with higher odds of viral suppression (odds ratio [OR], 1.4-2.2) and lower relative VL (ranging from 21% to 42% by drug) for all 4 drug categories. Reducing frequency of illicit opioid or methamphetamine/crystal use without abstinence was associated with VL suppression (OR, 2.2, 1.6, respectively). Reducing frequency of illicit opioid or methamphetamine/crystal use without abstinence was associated with lower relative VL (47%, 38%, respectively). Conclusions. Abstinence was associated with viral suppression. In addition, reducing use of illicit opioids or methamphetamine/crystal, even without abstinence, was also associated with viral suppression. Our findings highlight the impact of reducing substance use, even when abstinence is not achieved, and the potential benefits of medications, behavioral interventions, and harm-reduction interventions.
Charged anisotropic matter with linear equation of state
Creators: name: Thirukkanesh, S.
name: Maharaj, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the general situation of a compact relativistic body with anisotropic pressures in the presence of the electromagnetic field. The equation of state for the matter distribution is linear and may be applied to strange stars with quark matter. Three classes of new exact solutions are found to the Einstein-Maxwell system. This is achieved by specifying a particular form for one of the gravitational potentials and the electric field intensity. We can regain anisotropic and isotropic models from our general class of solution. A physical analysis indicates that the charged solutions describe realistic compact spheres with anisotropic matter distribution. The equation of state is consistent with dark energy stars and charged quark matter distributions. The masses and central densities correspond to realistic stellar objects in the general case when anisotropy and charge are present.
description: 17 pages, To appear in Class. Quantum Grav
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of the immunization efficacy and adverse reactions of hepatitis B vaccination in children with thalassemia minor
Creators: name: Han, Xue
name: Zhang, Xi
name: Zhong, Liling
name: Liu, Ying
name: Gong, Lifen
name: Zhang, Jikai
name: Wang, Hai
name: Chen, Qingsong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Plasmon-driven substitution of 4 mercaptophenylboronic acid to 4-nitrothiophenol monitored by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Creators: name: Kozisek, Jan
name: Hrncirova, Jana
name: Slouf, Miroslav
name: Sloufova, Ivana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmon-driven reactions on plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) occur under significantly different conditions from those of classical organic synthesis and provide a promising pathway for enhancing the efficiency of various chemical processes. However, these reactions can also have undesirable effects, such as 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) deboronation. MPBA chemisorbs well to Ag NPs through its thiol group and can subsequently bind to diols, enabling the detection of various biological structures by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), but not upon its deboronation. To avoid this reaction, we investigated the experimental conditions of MPBA deboronation on Ag NPs by SERS. Our results showed that the level of deboronation strongly depends on both the morphology of the system and the excitation laser wavelength and power. In addition, we detected not only the expected products, namely thiophenol and biphenyl-4,4-dithiol, but also 4-nitrothiophenol (NTP). The crucial reagent for NTP formation was an oxidation product of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, the reduction agent used in Ag NP synthesis. Ultimately, this reaction was replicated by adding NaNO2 to the system, and its progress was monitored as a function of the laser power, thereby identifying a new reaction of plasmon-driven -B(OH)2 substitution for -NO2.
description: final version
Anemia risk factors among people living with HIV across the United States in the current treatment era: A clinical cohort study
Creators: name: Eron, J.J.
name: Harding, B.N.
name: Hunt, P.W.
name: Whitney, B.M.
name: Burkholder, G.
name: Kitahata, M.M.
name: Nance, R.M.
name:  Mathews, W.C.
name: Ruderman, S.A.
name: Mayer, K.H.
name: Rodriguez, B.
name: Saag, M.S.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Heckbert, S.R.
name: Volberding, P.
name: Delaney, J.A.C.
name: Crane, H.M.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd.
Year: 2020

description: Background: Anemia is common among people living with HIV infection (PLWH) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Information on risk factors for anemia incidence in the current antiretroviral therapy (ART) era is lacking. Methods: Within a prospective clinical cohort of adult PLWH receiving care at eight sites across the United States between 1/2010-3/2018, Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted among a) PLWH free of anemia at baseline and b) PLWH free of severe anemia at baseline to determine associations between time-updated patient characteristics and development of anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL), or severe anemia (hemoglobin < 7.5 g/dL). Linear mixed effects models were used to examine relationships between patient characteristics and hemoglobin levels during follow-up. Hemoglobin levels were ascertained using laboratory data from routine clinical care. Potential risk factors included: age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, hazardous alcohol use, illicit drug use, hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), CD4 cell count, viral load, ART use and time in care at CNICS site. Results: This retrospective cohort study included 15,126 PLWH. During a median follow-up of 6.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 4.3-7.6) years, 1086 participants developed anemia and 465 participants developed severe anemia. Factors that were associated with incident anemia included: older age, female sex, black race, HCV coinfection, lower CD4 cell counts, VL ≥400 copies/ml and lower eGFR. Conclusion: Because anemia is a treatable condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality among PLWH, hemoglobin levels should be monitored routinely, especially among PLWH who have one or more risk factors for anemia.
Marangoni instabilities of drops of different viscosities in stratified liquids
Creators: name: Li, Yanshen
name: Meijer, Jochem G.
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For an immiscible oil drop immersed in a stably stratified ethanol-water mixture, a downwards solutal Marangoni flow is generated on the surface of the drop, owing to the concentration gradient, and the resulting propulsion competes against the downwards gravitational acceleration of the heavy drop. In prior work of Li et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 126, issue 12, 2021, 124502), we found that for drops of low viscosity, an oscillatory instability of the Marangoni flow is triggered once the Marangoni advection is too strong for diffusion to restore the stratified concentration field around the drop. Here we experimentally explore the parameter space of the concentration gradient and drop radius for large oil viscosities and find a different and new mechanism for triggering the oscillatory instability in which diffusion is no longer the limiting factor. For such drops of higher viscosities, the instability is triggered when the gravitational effect is too strong so that the viscous stress cannot maintain a stable Marangoni flow. This leads to a critical drop radius above which the equilibrium is always unstable. Subsequently, a unifying scaling theory that includes both the mechanisms for low and for high viscosities of the oil drops is developed. The transition between the two mechanisms is found to be controlled by two length scales: The drop radius $R$ and the boundary layer thickness $δ$ of the Marangoni flow around the drop. The instability is dominated by diffusion for $δ
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Grain Grading Primer
Creators: name: Carroll, William P.
name: Combs, Willis B.
name: Smith, Fred G.
name: Carroll, William P.
name: Combs, Willis B.
name: Smith, Fred G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1938
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Report Introduction: This publication is designed primarily to provide information and instruction for grain farmers, grain dealers, and grain students on why and how grain is graded. It is not designed for grain inspectors, for they must necessarily use a more precise and detailed grain grading technique than that described herein. The official grain standards are not given here because they are found in the Handbook of Official Grain Standards of the United States, U.S.G.S.A., Form No. 90, Revised June 1937.
Additional file 2 of Evaluation of the immunization efficacy and adverse reactions of hepatitis B vaccination in children with thalassemia minor
Creators: name: Han, Xue
name: Zhang, Xi
name: Zhong, Liling
name: Liu, Ying
name: Gong, Lifen
name: Zhang, Jikai
name: Wang, Hai
name: Chen, Qingsong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
Very High Energy Gamma-ray Afterglow Emission of Nearby Gamma-ray Bursts
Creators: name: Xue, R. R.
name: Tam, P. H.
name: Wagner, S. J.
name: Behera, B.
name: Fan, Y. Z.
name: Wei, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission from Gamma-ray Burst (GRB) forward shock can extend to the very-high-energy (VHE; $E_γ> $100 GeV) range. Such high energy photons are rare and are attenuated by the cosmic infrared background before reaching us. In this work, we discuss the prospect to detect these VHE photons using the current ground-based Cherenkov detectors. Our calculated results are consistent with the upper limits obtained with several Cherenkov detectors for GRB 030329, GRB 050509B, and GRB 060505 during the afterglow phase. For 5 bursts in our nearby GRB sample (except for GRB 030329), current ground-based Cherenkov detectors would not be expected to detect the modeled VHE signal. Only for those very bright and nearby bursts like GRB 030329, detection of VHE photons is possible under favorable observing conditions and a delayed observation time of $\la$10 hours.
description: 9 pages,5 figure,2 tables,accepted for publication in ApJ
Week 96 results of a phase 3 trial of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naive HIV-1 patients
Creators: name: Esser, S.
name: Orkin, C.
name: Vandekerckhove, L.
name: Podzamczer, D.
name: Jezorwski, J.
name: Opsomer, M.
name: Van Landuyt, E.
name: Hufkens, V.
name: AMBER study group
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Rockstroh, J.
name: Lathouwers, E.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2020

description: BACKGROUND: Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated through 96 weeks in AMBER (NCT02431247). METHODS: Treatment-naive, HIV-1-positive adults [screening plasma viral load ≥1000 copies/ml; CD4 cell count >50 cells/μl) were randomized (1 : 1) to D/C/F/TAF (N = 362) or D/C plus emtricitabine/tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (F/TDF) (N = 363) over at least 48 weeks. After week 48, patients could continue on or switch to D/C/F/TAF in an open-label extension phase until week 96. RESULTS: At week 96, D/C/F/TAF exposure was 626 patient-years (D/C/F/TAF arm) and 109 patient-years (control arm post switch), week 96 virologic suppression (viral load <50 copies/ml; FDA-Snapshot, from baseline) was 85.1% (308/362) (D/C/F/TAF) and 83.7% (304/363) (control). Week 96 virologic failure (viral load ≥50 copies/ml; FDA-Snapshot) was 5.5% (20/362) and 4.4% (16/363), respectively. No darunavir, primary protease inhibitor or tenofovir resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were observed post baseline. In one patient in each arm, an M184I and/or V RAM was detected. Few adverse event-related discontinuations (3% D/C/F/TAF; <1% control post switch) and no deaths occurred on D/C/F/TAF. Improved renal and bone parameters were maintained in the D/C/F/TAF arm and observed in the control arm post switch. Increases in total-cholesterol/high-density-lipoprotein--cholesterol rtio at week 96 were +0.25 versus baseline (D/C/F/TAF) and +0.24 versus switch (control). CONCLUSION: At week 96, D/C/F/TAF resulted in high virologic response and low virologic failure rates, with no resistance development to darunavir or TAF/TDF. Bone, renal and lipid safety were consistent with known D/C/F/TAF component profiles. Control arm safety post switch was consistent with the D/C/F/TAF arm. AMBER week 96 results confirm the efficacy, high barrier to resistance and bone/renal safety benefits of D/C/F/TAF for treatment-naive patients.
Overview of nucleon structure
Creators: name: Miller, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark-gluon properties of the nucleon are probed by a host of recent and planned experiments. These involve elastic, deep-inelastic, semi-inclusive deep-inelastic (SIDIS), and deeply-virtual Compton scattering. A light-front description is naturally applied to interpret all of these processes. The advantages of this approach will be discussed The talk will then focus on the transverse charge and magnetization densities of the nucleons and the use of SIDIS to reveal the non-spherical shape of the nucleon. We find that the central charge density of the neutron is negative, that the magnetization density of the proton extends further in space than the charge distribution, and that the shape of the nucleon, as measured by the spin-dependent density, is not spherical.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, conference proceeding for Hadrons 09
Gesteuerte Regeneration periimplantärer Knochendefekte unter Anwendung verschiedener Kollagene, xenogener Wachstumsfaktoren und autologer PDLSCs
Creators: name: Baudisch, Maria
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Untere Prämolaren wurden von 15 Minischweinen extrahiert. Aus dem Desmodont wurden PDLSCs isoliert und kultiviert. 90 Tage später wurden 46 Implantate inseriert, zirkuläre Defekte geschaffen und mit verschiedenen Kollagenen, Stammzellen, Wachstumsfaktoren therapiert oder unbehandelt gelassen und mit einer Membran abgedeckt. Nach 120 Tagen Heilung wurde in allen Gruppen eine Knochenneubildung nachgewiesen. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe führte weder die Anwendung der Kollagene noch die Kombination mit Wachstumsfaktoren oder Stammzellen zu einer signifikanten Steigerung der Osseointegration.
Conjectures without refutations : Karl Popper's criticisms of Mannheim's sociology of knowledge
Creators: name: Morrow, Raymond Allen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The subject of this study is the criticisms advanced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper against the sociology of knowledge and philosophy of social science of Karl Mannheim. The thesis of this analysis is that Popper's arguments reveal a remarkable misunderstanding of Mannheim's position and that taking these misinterpretations into account reveals the more fundamental complementarity and convergence of their views. That these affinities have not been previously noted is linked to the specific circumstances of the interpretation and development of the work of Popper and Mannheim within the framework of post-World War II English-speaking philosophy and social research. That their interests and social philosophical positions converged despite incompatible neo-positivist and neo-idealist backgrounds is related to the trajectory of their careers as liberal intellectuals who fled to English-speaking democracies in response to the rise of Fascism in the 1930's. These arguments are followed by a textual analysis which attempts to show that: 1) Popper misinterprets the central concepts of the sociology of knowledge, erroneously stigmatizing it as "sociologism"; 2) that he thus fails to perceive the similarity of his own epistemology with that of Mannheim, falsely attributing to him an individualistic theory of knowledge; and 3) that his primary disagreement with Mannheim is not an antithetical theory of social science, or even philosophy of history, so much as a more pessimistic attitude toward the possibility of social knowledge as the basis for a non-coercive political consensus. As a consequence, he adopts a more restrictive "negative" conception of individual freedom. In conclusion, it is argued that Popper's failure to have realized these affinities and thus grasped the significance of the sociology of knowledge for the philosophy of social science calls into question the credibility of his "critical rationalism" in its present form.
Magnetic fields in O-type stars measured with FORS1 at the VLT
Creators: name: Hubrig, S.
name: Schoeller, M.
name: Schnerr, R. S.
name: Ilyin, I.
name: Henrichs, H. F.
name: Ignace, R.
name: Gonzalez, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of magnetic fields in O-type stars has been suspected for a long time. The discovery of such fields would explain a wide range of well documented enigmatic phenomena in massive stars, in particular cyclical wind variability, Halpha emission variations, chemical peculiarity, narrow X-ray emission lines and non-thermal radio/X-ray emission. Here we present the results of our studies of magnetic fields in O-type stars, carried out over the last years.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Proceedings of IAU Symposium 259 "Cosmic Magnetic Fields: from Planets, to Stars and Galaxies", Tenerife, Spain, November 3-7, 2008
Antiretroviral drug class and anaemia risk in the current treatment era among people living with HIV in the USA: a clinical cohort study
Creators: name: Kitahata, M.M.
name: Harding, B.N.
name: Delaney, J.A.C.
name: Heckbert, S.R.
name: Saag, M.S.
name: Rodriguez, B.
name: Crane, H.M.
name: Burkholder, G.
name: Mayer, K.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Nance, R.M.
name: Volberding, P.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Whitney, B.M.
name: Hunt, P.W.
name: Moore, R.D.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2020

description: OBJECTIVE: Anaemia is common among people living with HIV (PLWH) and has been associated with certain, often older, antiretroviral medications. Information on current antiretroviral therapy (ART) and anaemia is limited. The objective was to compare the associations between anaemia incidence or haemoglobin change with core ART classes in the current ART era. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: USA-based prospective clinical cohort of PLWH aged 18 and above receiving care at eight sites between January 2010 and March 2018. PARTICIPANTS: 16 505 PLWH were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anaemia risk and haemoglobin change were estimated among PLWH for person-time on a protease inhibitor (PI) or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen, relative to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based reference. We also examined PLWH on regimens containing multiple core classes. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to measure the associations between time-updated ART classes and incident anaemia or severe anaemia. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the relationships between ART classes and haemoglobin change. RESULTS: During a median of 4.9 years of follow-up, 1040 developed anaemia and 488 developed severe anaemia. Compared with NNRTI use, INSTI-based regimens were associated with an increased risk of anaemia (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.58) and severe anaemia (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.11) and a decrease in haemoglobin level. Time on multiple core classes was also associated with increased anaemia risk (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.70), while no associations were found for PI use. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest INSTI use may increase the risk of anaemia. If confirmed, screening for anaemia development in users of INSTIs may be beneficial. Further research into the underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Controlling the composition of a confined fluid by an electric field
Creators: name: Brunet, C.
name: Malherbe, J. G.
name: Amokrane, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a generic model of a pore/bulk mixture equilibrium, we propose a novel method for modulating the composition of the confined fluid without having to modify the bulk state. To achieve this, two basic mechanisms - sensitivity of the pore filling to the bulk thermodynamic state and electric field effect - are combined. We show by Monte Carlo simulation that the composition can be controlled both in a continuous and in a jumpwise way. Near the bulk demixing instability, we demonstrate a field induced population inversion in the pore. The conditions for the realization of this method should be best met with colloids, but being based on robust and generic mechanisms, it should also be applicable to some molecular fluids.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Scaling and renormalization in the modern theory of polarization: application to disordered systems
Creators: name: Hetényi, Balázs
name: Parlak, Selçuk
name: Yahyavi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a scaling theory and a renormalization technique in the context of the modern theory of polarization. The central idea is to use the characteristic function (also known as the polarization amplitude) in place of the free energy in the scaling theory and in place of the Boltzmann probability in a position-space renormalization scheme. We derive a scaling relation between critical exponents which we test in a variety of models in one and two dimensions. We then apply the renormalization to disordered systems. In one dimension the renormalized disorder strength tends to infinity indicating the entire absence of extended states. Zero(infinite) disorder is a repulsive(attractive) fixed point. In two and three dimensions, at small system sizes, two additional fixed points appear, both at finite disorder, $W_a$($W_r$) is attractive(repulsive) such that $W_a
Presentation: Antihypertensive Effects of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Extract in Animal Model of Hypertension
Creators: name: AFIFAH BAMBANG SUTJIATMO
name: FALNA BINTUSSOLIHAH
name: SUCI NAR VIKASARI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This material presented in ACHOST 2020
The physics governing the upper truncation mass of the globular cluster mass function
Creators: name: Hughes, Meghan E.
name: Pfeffer, Joel L.
name: Bastian, Nate
name: Martig, Marie
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Crain, Robert A.
name: Reina-Campos, Marta
name: Trujillo-Gomez, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass function of globular cluster (GC) populations is a fundamental observable that encodes the physical conditions under which these massive stellar clusters formed and evolved. The high-mass end of star cluster mass functions are commonly described using a Schechter function, with an exponential truncation mass $M_{c,*}$. For the GC mass functions in the Virgo galaxy cluster, this truncation mass increases with galaxy mass ($M_{*}$). In this paper we fit Schechter mass functions to the GCs in the most massive galaxy group ($M_{\mathrm{200}} = 5.14 \times 10^{13} M_{\odot}$) in the E-MOSAICS simulations. The fiducial cluster formation model in E-MOSAICS reproduces the observed trend of $M_{c,*}$ with $M_{*}$ for the Virgo cluster. We therefore examine the origin of the relation by fitting $M_{c,*}$ as a function of galaxy mass, with and without accounting for mass loss by two-body relaxation, tidal shocks and/or dynamical friction. In the absence of these mass-loss mechanisms, the $M_{c,*}$-$M_{*}$ relation is flat above $M_* > 10^{10} M_{\odot}$. It is therefore the disruption of high-mass GCs in galaxies with $M_{*}\sim 10^{10} M_{\odot}$ that lowers the $M_{c,*}$ in these galaxies. High-mass GCs are able to survive in more massive galaxies, since there are more mergers to facilitate their redistribution to less-dense environments. The $M_{c,*}-M_*$ relation is therefore a consequence of both the formation conditions of massive star clusters and their environmentally-dependent disruption mechanisms.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
Topology of locally conformally Kahler manifolds with potential
Creators: name: Ornea, Liviu
name: Verbitsky, Misha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C55, 32G05

description: Locally conformally Kahler (LCK) manifolds with potential are those which admit a Kahler covering with a proper, automorphic Kaehler potential. Existence of a potential can be characterized cohomologically as a vanishing of a certain cohomology class, called the Bott-Chern class. Compact LCK manifolds with potential are stable at small deformations and admit holomorphic embeddings into Hopf manifolds. This class strictly includes the Vaisman manifolds. We show that every compact LCK manifold with potential can be deformed into a Vaisman manifold. Therefore, every such manifold is diffeomorphic to a smooth elliptic fibration over a Kahler orbifold. We show that the pluricanonical condition on LCK manifolds introduced by G. Kokarev is equivalent to vanishing of the Bott-Chern class. This gives a simple proof of some of the results on topology of pluricanonical LCK-manifolds, discovered by Kokarev and Kotschick.
description: version 4.0, 10 pages, minor errors
Cumulative Human Immunodeficiency Viremia, Antiretroviral Therapy, and Incident Myocardial Infarction
Creators: name: Feinstein, M.J.
name: Budoff, M.J.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Saag, M.S.
name: Hanna, D.B.
name: Drozd, D.R.
name: Hunt, P.W.
name: Nance, R.M.
name: Crane, H.M.
name: Whitney, B.M.
name: Geng, E.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Burkholder, G.
name: Heckbert, S.R.
name: Delaney, J.A.
name: Williams-Nguyen, J.
name: Kitahata, M.M.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Kaplan, R.C.
name: Mugavero, M.J.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: Background: People living with HIV are at risk of increased myocardial infarction (MI). Cumulative HIV viral load (VL) has been proposed as a better measure of HIV inflammation than other measures of VL, like baseline VL, but its associations with MI are not known. Methods: The multisite Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort includes clinical data and centrally adjudicated MI with distinction between atheroembolic MI (type 1) and MI related to supply-demand mismatch (type 2). We examined CNICS participants who were not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at enrollment. Cumulative VL (copy-days of virus) from 6 months after enrollment was estimated with a time-weighted sum using the trapezoidal rule. We modeled associations of cumulative and baseline VL with MI by type using marginal structural Cox models. We contrasted the 75% percentile of the VL distribution with the 25% percentile. Results: Among 11,324 participants, 218 MIs occurred between 1996 and 2016. Higher cumulative VL was associated with risk of all MI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26, 2.36), type 1 MI (HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.78, 1.96), and type 2 MI (HR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.74, 3.66). While off ART, cumulative VL had a stronger association with type 1 MI (HR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.15, 3.94) than type 2 MI (HR = 1.25; 95% CI = 0.70, 2.25). Baseline VL was associated with all MI (HR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.28, 2.01), type 1 MI (HR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.26, 2.38), and type 2 MI (HR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.08). Conclusions: Higher cumulative and baseline VL is associated with all MI, with a particularly strong association between cumulative VL and type 2 MI.
Understanding the atomic-scale contrast in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Nony, Laurent
name: Foster, Adam S.
name: Bocquet, Franck
name: Loppacher, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical analysis of the origin of the atomic-scale contrast in Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is presented. Atomistic simulations of the tip-sample interaction force field have been combined with a non-contact Atomic Force Microscope/KPFM simulator. The implementation mimics recent experimental results on the (001) surface of a bulk alkali halide crystal for which simultaneous atomic-scale topographical and Contact Potential Difference (CPD) contrasts were reported. The local CPD does reflect the periodicity of the ionic crystal, but not the magnitude of its Madelung surface potential. The imaging mechanism relies on the induced polarization of the ions at the tip-surface interface owing to the modulation of the applied bias voltage. Our findings are in excellent agreement with previous theoretical expectations and experimental observations.
Size-selective nanoparticle growth on few-layer graphene films
Creators: name: Luo, Zhengtang
name: Somers, Luke A.
name: Dan, Yaping
name: Ly, Thomas
name: Kybert, Nicholas J.
name: Mele, E. J.
name: Johnson, A. T. Charlie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe that gold atoms deposited by physical vapor deposition onto few layer graphenes condense upon annealing to form nanoparticles with an average diameter that is determined by the graphene film thickness. The data are well described by a theoretical model in which the electrostatic interactions arising from charge transfer between the graphene and the gold particle limit the size of the growing nanoparticles. The model predicts a nanoparticle size distribution characterized by a mean diameter D that follows a scaling law D proportional to m^(1/3), where m is the number of carbon layers in the few layer graphene film.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures