cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Teaching Communication in a Statistical Collaboration Course: A Feasible, Project-Based, Multimodal Curriculum
Creators: name: Davidson, Mario A.
name: Dewey, Charlene M.
name: Fleming, Amy E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Many schools offer a statistical collaboration curriculum using standard instructional methods such as lectures whereby students are taught to successfully apply their training. The process of building statisticians' collaborative skills and characteristics can be challenging due to logistical issues, time constraints, unstructured research problems, and resources. Instructors vary in their pedagogy and topics taught, and students' experiences vary. There is a dearth of literature describing how to implement a course integrating communication skills, critical thinking, collaboration, and the integration of team members in a learner-centered format. Few courses integrate behavior-based learning using role-playing, video demonstration and feedback, case-based teaching activities, and presentation of basic statistical concepts. We have developed and implemented a two-semester biostatistics collaboration course, of which the purpose is to develop the students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors necessary to interact effectively with investigators. Our innovative curriculum uses a multimodal, project-based, experiential process to address real-world problems provided by real and/or simulated collaborators while minimizing usual challenges. Rubrics and peer evaluation forms are offered as online supplementary materials. This article describes how a collaboration curriculum focusing on communication and team practice is feasible, how it enhances skill and professionalism, and how it can be implemented at other institutions.
Spatially anisotropic Heisenberg Kagome antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Apel, W.
name: Yavors'kii, T.
name: Everts, H. -U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the search for spin-1/2 kagome antiferromagnets, the mineral volborthite has recently been the subject of experimental studies [Hiroi et al.,2001]. It has been suggested that the magnetic properties of this material are described by a spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice with spatially anisotropic exchange couplings. We report on investigations of the Sp(N) symmetric generalisation of this model in the large N limit. We obtain a detailed description of the dependence of possible ground states on the anisotropy and on the spin length S. A fairly rich phase diagram with a ferrimagnetic phase, incommensurate phases with and without long range order and a decoupled chain phase emerges.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of the HFM2006 conference, to appear in a special issue of J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
Additional file 2 of Implementing work-related Mental health guidelines in general PRacticE (IMPRovE): a protocol for a hybrid III parallel cluster randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Mazza, Danielle
name: Chakraborty, Samantha
name: Camões-Costa, Vera
name: Kenardy, Justin
name: Brijnath, Bianca
name: Mortimer, Duncan
name: Enticott, Joanne
name: Kidd, Michael
name: Trevena, Lyndal
name: Reid, Sharon
name: Collie, Alex
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2:. Mazza_et al_Additional file b. CONSORTClusterChecklistR0
W Gravity, $N=2$ Strings and $ 2+2~SU^*(\infty)$
Creators: name: Castro, Yang-Mills Instantons Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture that $W$ gravity can be interpreted as the gauge theory of $ϕ$ diffeomorphisms in the space of dimensionally-reduced $D=2+2$ $SU^*(\infty)$ Yang-Mills instantons. These $ϕ$ diffeomorphisms preserve a volume-three form and are those which furnish the correspondence between the dimensionally-reduced Plebanski equation and the KP equation in $(1+2)$ dimensions. A supersymmetric extension furnishes super-$W$ gravity. The Super-Plebanski equation generates self-dual complexified super gravitational backgrounds (SDSG) in terms of the super-Plebanski second heavenly form. Since the latter equation yields $N=1~D=4~SDSG$ complexified backgrounds associated with the complexified-cotangent space of the Riemannian surface, $(T^*Σ)^c$, required in the formulation of $SU^*(\infty)$ complexified Self-Dual Yang-Mills theory, (SDYM ); it naturally follows that the recently constructed $D=2+2~N=4$ SDSYM theory- as the consistent background of the open $N=2$ superstring- can be embedded into the $N=1~SU^*(\infty)$ complexified Self-Dual-Super-Yang-Mills (SDSYM) in $D=3+3$ dimensions. This is achieved after using a generalization of self-duality for $D>4$. We finally comment on the the plausible relationship between the geometry of $N=2$ strings and the moduli of $SU^*(\infty)$ complexified SDSYM in $3+3$ dimensions.
description: 10 pages
Numerical investigation of spatially nonhomogeneous acoustic agglomeration using sectional algorithm
Creators: name: Xiaopeng Shang
name: Ng, Bing Feng
name: Wan, Man Pun
name: Jinwen Xiong
name: Shmitha Arikrishnan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In the simulation of acoustic agglomeration, the conventional temporal model assumes spatial homogeneity in aerosol properties and sound field, which is often not the case in real applications. In this article, we investigated the effects of spatial nonhomogeneity of sound field on the acoustic agglomeration process through a one-dimensional spatial sectional model. The spatial sectional model is validated against existing experimental data and results indicate lower requirements on the number of sections and better accuracy. Two typical cases of spatial nonhomogeneous acoustic agglomeration are studied by the established model. The first case involves acoustic agglomeration in a standing wave field with spatial alternation of acoustic kernels from nodes to antinodes. The good agreement between the simulation and experiments demonstrates the predictive capability of the present spatial sectional model for the standing-conditioned agglomeration. The second case incorporates sound attenuation in the particulate medium into acoustic agglomeration. Results indicate that sound attenuation can influence acoustic agglomeration significantly, particularly at high frequencies, and neglecting the effects of sound attenuation can cause overprediction of agglomeration rates. The present investigation demonstrates that the spatial sectional method is capable of simulating the spatially nonhomogeneous acoustic agglomeration with high computation efficiency and numerical robustness and the coupling with flow dynamics will be the goal of future work. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
Distribution and Kinematics of Molecular Gas in Barred Spiral Galaxies. I. NGC 3504
Creators: name: Kuno, N.
name: Nishiyama, K.
name: Nakai, N.
name: Sorai, K.
name: Vila-Vilaro, B.
name: Handa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the CO mapping observations of the barred spiral galaxy NGC3504 with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope. The distribution of the molecular gas shows offset ridges which correspond to the distribution of HII regions along the bar. The velocity perpendicular to the bar decreases abruptly at the ridge. The velocity change implies that the molecular gas changes the direction of its motion to parallel to the bar at the ridge. Since the position angle of the major axis of the bar and the line of nodes are almost the same in NGC 3504, an upper limit to the pattern speed of the bar can be derived directly from the radial velocity. The resultant upper limit is 41 km/s/kpc which is much smaller than that derived with an assumption that the corotation radius is located at the end of the bar (77 km/s/kpc). The corotaion radius derived from our upper limit is more than two times larger than the length of the semi-major axis of the bar in NGC 3504.
description: 6 pages, 12 figures, To appear in PASJ(Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan)
The TRAPPIST-1 system: Orbital evolution, tidal dissipation, formation and habitability
Creators: name: Papaloizou, John C. B.
name: Szuszkiewicz, Ewa
name: Terquem, Caroline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical evolution of the TRAPPIST-1 system under the influence of orbital circularization through tidal interaction with the central star. We find that systems with parameters close to the observed one evolve into a state where consecutive planets are linked by first order resonances and consecutive triples, apart from planets c, d and e, by connected three body Laplace resonances. The system expands with period ratios increasing and mean eccentricities decreasing with time. This evolution is largely driven by tides acting on the innermost planets which then influence the outer ones. In order that deviations from commensurability become significant only on $Gy$ time scales or longer, we require that the tidal parameter associated with the planets has to be such that $Q' > \sim 10^{2-3}.$ At the same time, if we start with two subsystems, with the inner three planets comprising the inner one, $Q'$ associated with the planets has to be on the order (and not significantly exceeding) $10^{2-3}$ for the two subsystems to interact and end up in the observed configuration. This scenario is also supported by modelling of the evolution through disk migration which indicates that the whole system cannot have migrated inwards together. Also in order to avoid large departures from commensurabilities, the system cannot have stalled at a disk inner edge for significant time periods. We discuss the habitability consequences of the tidal dissipation implied by our modelling, concluding that planets d, e and f are potentially in habitable zones.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Improving access to medicines for non-communicable diseases in rural primary care: results from a quasi-randomized cluster trial in a district in South India
Creators: name: Pati, Manoj Kumar
name: Bhojani, Upendra
name: Elias, Maya Annie
name: Srinivas, Prashanth N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Sampling Strategy. Description of data: Description of sampling strategy employed in the Access to Medicines study
Inelastic Quantum Transport and Peierls-like Mechanism in Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Torres, L. E. F. Foa
name: Roche, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a theoretical study of inelastic quantum transport in $(3m,0)$ carbon nanotubes. By using a many-body description of the electron-phonon interaction in Fock space, a novel mechanism involving optical phonon emission (absorption) is shown to induce an unprecedented energy gap opening at half the phonon energy, $\hbarω_{0}/2$, above (below) the charge neutrality point. This mechanism, which is prevented by Pauli blocking at low bias voltages, is activated at bias voltages in the order of $\hbarω_{0}$.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Improving access to medicines for non-communicable diseases in rural primary care: results from a quasi-randomized cluster trial in a district in South India
Creators: name: Pati, Manoj Kumar
name: Bhojani, Upendra
name: Elias, Maya Annie
name: Srinivas, Prashanth N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. List of study variables. Description of data: List of key study variables, how these measured and source of information
Boletim Fármacos: Ensaios Clínicos 2025; 3(2)
Creators: name: Salud y Fármacos
name: Hellmann, Fernando
name: Homedes, Nuria
Publisher: name: Salud y Fármacos
Year: 2025
Subjects: Ensaios clínicos
Recrutamento de participantes de pesquisa
Ética
Bioética
Conflitos de interesse
Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa
Organizações de Pesquisa por Contrato
CRO
ORPC
Agências reguladoras
ANVISA
Indústria farmacêutica
Ética dos ensaios clínicos
Metodologia

description: O Boletín Fármacos é um boletim eletrônico da organização Salud y Fármacos (https://www.saludyfarmacos.org/) publicado quatro vezes por ano: fevereiro, maio, agosto e novembro.

O "Boletim Fármacos: Ensaios Clínicos" publica em português notícias e artigos sobre a condução, regulamentação e ética dos ensaios clínicos no mundo globalizado. O boletim reúne informações sobre o crescente recrutamento de participantes em países de baixo e médio rendimento, destacando os desafios éticos da pesquisa em seres humanos e as implicações metodológicas que podem comprometer a relevância, o valor social e a qualidade dos estudos. Também divulga conteúdos sobre conflitos de interesse envolvendo investigadores e centros de pesquisa, além de questões relacionadas aos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa, ao consentimento informado e à compreensão dos participantes sobre os riscos e benefícios dos estudos clínicos.Além disso, o boletim aborda temas como a transparência na regulação dos ensaios clínicos, incluindo o registro e a divulgação de resultados, bem como a atuação das agências reguladoras, da indústria farmacêutica e das organizações de pesquisa contratadas (CROs). Também apresenta informações sobre ferramentas úteis para a gestão de ensaios clínicos, metodologias, custos e processos que impactam a condução dessas pesquisas. O "Boletim Fármacos: Ensaios Clínicos"fornece informações essenciais para fomentar o debate sobre a ética, a regulamentação e a transparência na pesquisa clínica.
Finite-size effects on the Phase Structure of the Walecka Model
Creators: name: Abreu, L. M.
name: Nery, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the finite-size effects on the phase structure of Walecka model within the framework of generalized Zeta-function, focusing on the influence of temperature as well as the number and length of compactified spatial dimensions. Here we concentrate on the situation of larger values of the coupling between the scalar and fermion fields, in which a phase transition of first order takes place. The phase transitions are analyzed and compared with the system in the situations of one, two and three compactified spatial dimensions. Our findings suggest that the thermodynamic behavior of the system depends on the length and number of spatial dimensions, with the symmetric phase being favored as the size of the system diminishes.
description: 11 Figures
An environmental dose experiment
Creators: name: Peralta, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Worldwide several radiation sources contribute to the delivered dose to the human population. This radiation also acts as natural background when detecting radiation, for instance from radioactive sources. In this work a medium-size plastic scintillation detector is used to evaluate the dose delivered by natural radiation sources. Calibration of the detector involved the use of radioactive sources and Monte Carlo simulation of the energy deposition per disintegration. A measurement of the annual dose due to background radiation to the body was then estimated. A dose value compatible with the value reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation was obtained.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables
Numerical Investigation of Spatially Nonhomogeneous Acoustic Agglomeration Using Sectional Algorithm
Creators: name: Xiaopeng Shang
name: Ng, Bing Feng
name: Wan, Man Pun
name: Jinwen Xiong
name: Shmitha Arikrishnan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In the simulation of acoustic agglomeration, the conventional temporal model assumes spatial homogeneity in aerosol properties and sound field, which is often not the case in real applications. In this paper, we investigate the effects of spatial nonhomogeneity of sound field on the acoustic agglomeration process through a one-dimensional spatial sectional model. The spatial sectional model is validated against existing experimental data and results indicate lower requirements on the number of sections and better accuracy. Two typical cases of spatial nonhomogeneous acoustic agglomeration are studied by the established model. The first case involves acoustic agglomeration in a standing wave field with spatial alternation of acoustic kernels from nodes to antinodes. The good agreement between the simulation and experiments demonstrates the predictive capability of the present spatial sectional model for the standing-conditioned agglomeration. The second case incorporates sound attenuation in the particulate medium into acoustic agglomeration. Results indicate that sound attenuation can influence acoustic agglomeration significantly, particularly at high frequencies, and neglecting the effects of sound attenuation can cause overprediction of agglomeration rates. The present investigation demonstrates that the spatial sectional method is capable of simulating the spatially nonhomogeneous acoustic agglomeration with high computation efficiency and numerical robustness and the coupling with flow dynamics will be the goal of future work.
Determination of the aerosol particle size distribution by means of the diffusion battery: Analytical inversion
Creators: name: A. A. Onischuk
name: S. V. Valiulin
name: A. M. Baklanov
name: P. P. Moiseenko
name: V. G. Mitrochenko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The algorithm of the analytical inversion of aerosol size distribution is proposed in this work. As the diffusion battery separates particles into several fractions according to their diffusivity, the total spectrum can be represented as the sum of spectra of fractions. Analytical formulas are derived to calculate mean diameters for particles in different fractions using diffusion battery penetrations as input parameters. The spectra of fractions are approximated by lognormal functions. Two analytical solutions for the aerosol size distribution inversion problem are discussed. The sizing accuracy of analytical solutions is investigated, comparing them with the measurements through transmission electron microscopy using the laboratory-generated NaCl aerosol. The agreement is demonstrated to be within 10% accuracy. It is shown that in case of two-mode size distribution, the spectrum components are well resolved for rather distant peaks (modal diameters of 10 and 300 nm) and poorly resolved for nearby modes (50 and 300 nm). To improve the peak resolution, the procedure of spectrum correction is applied demonstrating an excellent peak separation. Finally, the peak resolution is experimentally verified for the laboratory-generated two-mode spectra of tungsten oxide–NaCl aerosol with the modal diameters of 10 and 60 nm, respectively. Both analytical solutions demonstrated good peak resolution. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
Model of molecular bonding based on the Bohr-Sommerfeld picture of atoms
Creators: name: Svidzinsky, Anatoly A.
name: Chin, Siu A.
name: Scully, Marlan O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model of molecular binding based on the Bohr-Sommerfeld description of atoms together with a constraint taken from conventional quantum mechanics. The model can describe the binding energy curves of H2, H3 and other molecules with striking accuracy. Our approach treats electrons as point particles with positions determined by extrema of an algebraic energy function. Our constrained model provides a physically appealing, accurate description of multi-electron chemical bonds.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Physics Letters A
3xmm j181923.7$-$170616: an x-ray binary with a 408s pulsar
Creators: name: Qiu, Hao
name: Zhou, Ping
name: Yu, Wenfei
name: Li, Xiangdong
name: Xu, Xiaojie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a dedicated study of 3XMM J181923.7$-$170616\ with an approximate pulsation period of 400~s using the XMM-Newton and Swift observations spanning across nine years. We have refined the period of the source to 407.904(7) s (at epoch MJD 57142) and determined a period derivative limit of $\dot{P}{\leq} 5.9\pm 5.4\times 10^{-9} s s^{-1}$ ($1σ$). The source radiates hard, persistent X-ray emission during the observation epochs, which is best described by an absorbed \powerlaw\ model ($Γ\sim 0.2$--0.8) plus faint Fe lines at 6.4 keV and 6.7 keV. The X-ray flux revealed a variation within a factor of 2, along with a spectral hardening as the flux increased. The pulse shape is sinusoid-like and the spectral properties of different phases do not present significant variation. The absorption N$_H$ $\sim 1.3\times 10^{22} cm^{-2}$ is similar to the total Galactic hydrogen column density along the direction, indicating that it is a distant source. A search for the counterpart in optical and near-infrared surveys reveals a low mass K-type giant, while the existence of a Galactic OB supergiant is excluded. A symbiotic X-ray binary is the favored nature of 3XMM J181923.7$-$170616 and can essentially explain the low luminosity of ${2.78\times 10^{34} d_{10}^{2} erg s^{-1}}$, slow pulsation, hard X-ray spectrum, and possible K3~III companion. An alternative explanation of the source is a persistent Be/X-ray binary with a companion star no earlier than B3-type.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, Published in the Astrophysical Journal
An approach to quantum gravity from 4-$ε$ dimension
Creators: name: Ghoroku, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A calculational scheme of quantum-gravitational effects on the physical quantities is proposed. The calculations are performed in 4-$ε$ dimension with $1/N$-expansion scheme, where the Einstein gravity is renormalizable and it has an ultraviolet fixed-point within the 1/N-expansion. In order to perform a consistent perturbation in $4-ε$ dimension, spin-3/2 fields should be adopted as the N matter-fields whose loop-corrections are included in the effective action. After calculating the physical quantities at $4-ε$ dimension, the four-dimensional aspects of them can be seen by taking the limit of $ε=0$. In taking this limit, any higher derivative terms are not introduced as the counter terms since no divergence appears at $ε=0$ in our scheme. According to this approach, we have examined the effective potential of a scalar field to see the possibility of the spontaneous symmetry breaking due to the gravitational loop corrections.
description: 36 pages
The Role of Clustering of Sub-Clumps in Bright Elliptical Galaxy Formation from a Low-Spin Seed Galaxy
Creators: name: Kawata, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal the role of clustering of sub-clumps, which is expected in the cold dark matter (CDM) universe, in forming a bright elliptical galaxy (BEG) from a low-spin seed galaxy. This can be done by comparing the evolution of a low-spin seed galaxy including small-scale density fluctuations expected in the CDM universe (Model 1) with that of a completely uniform one (Model 2), using numerical experiments. We show that Model 2 cannot reproduce the properties of BEGs and forms a disk which is too compact and too bright due to the conservation of the initial-small angular momentum. In Model 1 clustering of the sub-clumps caused by initial small-scale density fluctuations leads to angular momentum transfer from the baryon component to the dark matter and consequently a nearly spherical system supported by random motions is formed. Moreover the collisionless property of the stars formed in the sub-clumps prevents the dissipative contraction of the system, leading to a large measured half-light radius. As a result, the end-product is quite well reproduces the observed properties of BEGs, such as the de Vaucouleurs light-profile, typical color and metallicity gradients, the large half-light radius, the small ratio of the rotational velocity to the velocity dispersion (V/σ). We conclude that the clustering of sub-clumps, i.e., the hierarchical clustering, plays a crucial role in the formation of BEGs from a low-spin seed galaxy.
description: 10pages, 10figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Low resolution figures included; high resolution version available at http://www.astr.tohoku.ac.jp/~kawata/research/papers.html
Pushing the hyperpolarizability to the limit
Creators: name: Zhou, Juefei
name: Kuzyk, Mark G.
name: Watkins, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use numerical optimization to find a one-dimensional potential energy function that yields the largest hyperpolarizability, which we find is within 30% of the fundamental limit. Our results reveal insights into the character of the potential energy functions and wavefunctions that lead to the largest hyperpolarizability. We suggest that donor-acceptor molecules with a conjugated bridge with many sites of reduced conjugation to impart conjugation modulation may be the best paradigm for making materials with huge hyperpolarizabilities that approach the fundamental limit.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Cloud condensation nuclei from the activation with ozone of soot particles sampled from a kerosene diffusion flame
Creators: name: Grimonprez, Symphorien
name: Faccinetto, Alessandro
name: Batut, Sébastien
name: Junteng Wu
name: Desgroux, Pascale
name: Petitprez, Denis
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Due to the exponential increase in aircraft traffic in recent decades, the role of soot particles emitted by aircraft engines on the radiative forcing needs to be addressed, and especially their interaction with clouds has to be better understood and quantified. In this work, we investigate the hygroscopic properties of fresh and aged soot sampled on line in a kerosene flame. The activated fraction (Fa) of size selected soot is measured by means of a variable supersaturation condensation nucleus counter at several heights above the burner (HAB), thereby probing soot particles with different residence times in the flame, i.e., different degrees of maturity. In order to simulate atmospheric aging, the activity of soot as cloud condensation nuclei is measured as a function of ozone exposure. We show that fresh soot is hydrophobic (Fa∼0), while Fa increases when soot is exposed to ozone. The measurements depend on the HAB at which soot particles are sampled showing that activation of soot particles is related to their chemical composition. This study brings new results on the link between atmospheric aging of soot and its hygroscopic properties, which is of great interest for understanding the role of soot in the cloud formation. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
Additional file 1 of Multi-omics data integration reveals novel drug targets in hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Dimitrakopoulos, Christos
name: Hindupur, Sravanth Kumar
name: Colombi, Marco
name: Liko, Dritan
name: Ng, Charlotte K. Y.
name: Piscuoglio, Salvatore
name: Behr, Jonas
name: Moore, Ariane L.
name: Singer, Jochen
name: Ruscheweyh, Hans-Joachim
name: Matter, Matthias S.
name: Mossmann, Dirk
name: Terracciano, Luigi M.
name: Hall, Michael N.
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Copy number profiles derived from whole-exome sequencing demonstrates the intragenic deletions of Tsc1 and Pten. For each nodule, segmented Log2 ratios (y-axis) were plotted according to their genomic positions (x-axis), for chromosomes 2 or 19. Red arrows indicate the loci of the intragenic deletions of Tsc1 and Pten.
DMRG study of scaling exponents in spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains with dimerization and frustration
Creators: name: Kumar, Manoranjan
name: Ramasesha, S.
name: Sen, Diptiman
name: Soos, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In conformal field theory, key properties of spin-1/2 chains, such as the ground state energy per site and the excitation gap scale with dimerization delta as delta^alpha with known exponents alpha and logarithmic corrections. The logarithmic corrections vanish in a spin chain with nearest (J=1) and next nearest neighbor interactions (J_2), for J_2c=0.2411. DMRG analysis of a frustrated spin chain with no logarithmic corrections yields the field theoretic values of alpha, and the scaling relation is valid up to the physically realized range, delta ~ 0.1. However, chains with logarithmic corrections (J_2<0.2411 J) are more accurately fit by simple power laws with different exponents for physically realized dimerizations. We show the exponents decreasing from approximately 3/4 to 2/3 for the spin gap and from approximately 3/2 to 4/3 for the energy per site and error bars in the exponent also decrease as J_2 approaches to J_2c.
description: 9 pages including two figures; added standard deviations of various fitting parameters such as exponents, and several references to earlier work
Effective density of airborne particles in a railway tunnel from field measurements of mobility and aerodynamic size distributions
Creators: name: Yingying Cha
name: Olofsson, Ulf
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology

description: The objective of this study is to investigate the particle effective density of aerosol measurements in a railway tunnel environment. Effective density can serve as a parameter when comparing and calibrating different aerosol measurements. It can also be used as a proxy parameter reflecting the source of particles. Effective density was determined using two different methods. Method one defined it by the ratio of mass concentration to apparent volume size distribution. Method two relied on a comparison of aerodynamic and mobility diameter size distribution measurements. The aerodynamic size range for method one was 0.006–10 µm, and for method two, it was 10–660 nm. Using the first method, a diurnal average value of about 1.87 g/cm3 was observed for the measurements with tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) in tandem with aerodynamic particle sizer + scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), and 1.2 g/cm3 for the combination of TEOM with electrical low pressure impactor plus (ELPI+) in the presence of traffic. With method two, the effective density was 1.45 g/cm3 estimated from the size distribution measurements with ELPI + and fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS), and 1.35 g/cm3 from ELPI + in tandem with SMPS. With both calculation methods, the effective density varied for conditions with and without traffic, indicating different sources of particles. The proportion of particles with small sizes (10–660 nm) had a significant effect on the value of the effective density when no traffic was operating. The responses of different instruments to the railway particle measurements were also compared. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Backward Tamm states in left-handed metamaterials
Creators: name: Namdar, Abdolrahman
name: Shadrivov, Ilya V.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electromagnetic surface waves localized at an interface separating a one-dimensional photonic crystal and left-handed metamaterial, the so-called surface Tamm states. We demonstrate that the metamaterial allows for a flexible control of the dispersion properties of surface states, and can support the Tamm states with a backward energy flow and a vortex-like structure.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures
Modeling and Simulation & Design Excellence - FDA's perspective
Creators: name: Morrison, Tina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: On May 16, 2018, Medtronic and Siemens co-sponsored and event to bring together stakeholders from industry and FDA to discuss Design Excellence and the role of modeling and simulation to advance medical devices.
KELT-20b: A giant planet with a period of P~ 3.5 days transiting the V~ 7.6 early A star HD 185603
Creators: name: Lund, Michael B.
name: Rodriguez, Joseph E.
name: Zhou, George
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Johnson, Marshall C.
name: Bieryla, Allyson
name: Oelkers, Ryan J.
name: Stevens, Daniel J.
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Penev, Kaloyan
name: Quinn, Samuel N.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Villanueva, Steven
name: Eastman, Jason D.
name: Kielkopf, John F.
name: Oberst, Thomas E.
name: Jensen, Eric L. N.
name: Cohen, David H.
name: Joner, Michael D.
name: Stephens, Denise C.
name: Relles, Howard
name: Corfini, Giorgio
name: Gregorio, Joao
name: Zambelli, Roberto
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Calkins, Michael L.
name: Berlind, Perry
name: Ciardi, David R.
name: Dressing, Courtney
name: Patel, Rahul
name: Gagnon, Patrick
name: Gonzales, Erica
name: Beatty, Thomas G.
name: Siverd, Robert J.
name: Labadie-Bartz, Jonathan
name: Kuhn, Rudolf B.
name: Colon, Knicole D.
name: James, David
name: Pepper, Joshua
name: Fulton, Benjamin J.
name: McLeod, Kim K.
name: Stockdale, Christopher
name: Novati, Sebastiano Calchi
name: DePoy, D. L.
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Marshall, Jennifer L.
name: Trueblood, Mark
name: Trueblood, Patricia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of KELT-20b, a hot Jupiter transiting a V~7.6 early A star with an orbital period of P~3.47 days. We identified the initial transit signal in KELT-North survey data. Archival and follow-up photometry, the Gaia parallax, radial velocities, Doppler tomography, and adaptive optics imaging were used to confirm the planetary nature of the companion and characterize the system. From global modeling we infer that the host star HD 185603 is a rapidly-rotating (VsinI~120 km/s) A2V star with an effective temperature of $T_{eff}$=8730K, mass of $M_{star}=1.76M_{sun}$, radius of $R_{star}=1.561R_{sun}$, surface gravity of logg=4.292, and age of <600 Myr. The planetary companion has a radius of $1.735^{+0.070}_{-0.075}~R_{J}$, a semimajor axis of $a=0.0542^{+0.0014}_{-0.0021}$AU, and a linear ephemeris of $BJD_{TDB}=2457503.120049 \pm 0.000190 + E(3.4741070\pm0.0000019)$. We place a $3σ$ upper limit of ~3.5 $M_{J}$ on the mass of the planet. The Doppler tomographic measurement indicates that the planetary orbit is well aligned with the projected spin-axis of the star ($λ= 3.4\pm {2.1}$ degrees). The inclination of the star is constrained to be $24.4
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables, submitted to AAS journals
Additional file 4 of Improving access to medicines for non-communicable diseases in rural primary care: results from a quasi-randomized cluster trial in a district in South India
Creators: name: Pati, Manoj Kumar
name: Bhojani, Upendra
name: Elias, Maya Annie
name: Srinivas, Prashanth N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4:. Table 2: Effectiveness of health service optimization and community platform strengthening on study outcomes. Description of data: Results of a difference-in-differences analysis across study arms for key outcome indicators in the baseline and endline survey
The effect of Auger heating on intraband carrier relaxation in semiconductor quantumrods
Creators: name: Achermann, Marc
name: Bartko, Andrew P.
name: Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.
name: Klimov, Victor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rate at which excited charge carriers relax to their equilibrium state affects many aspects of the performance of nanoscale devices, including switching speed, carrier mobility and luminescent efficiency. Better understanding of the processes that govern carrier relaxation therefore has important technological implications. A significant increase in carrier-carrier interactions caused by strong spatial confinement of electronic excitations in semiconductor nanostructures leads to a considerable enhancement of Auger effects, which can further result in unusual, Auger-process-controlled recombination and energy-relaxation regimes. Here, we report the first experimental observation of efficient Auger heating in CdSe quantum rods at high pump intensities, leading to a strong reduction of carrier cooling rates. In this regime, the carrier temperature is determined by the balance between energy outflow through phonon emission and energy inflow because of Auger heating. This equilibrium results in peculiar carrier cooling dynamics that closely correlate with recombination dynamics, an effect never before seen in bulk or nanoscale semiconductors.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Free and self-interacting scalar fields in the presence of conical singularities
Creators: name: Cognola, Guido
name: Kirsten, Klaus
name: Vanzo, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Free and self-interacting scalar fields in the presence of conical singularities are analized in some detail. The role of such a kind of singularities on free and vacuum energy and also on the one-loop effective action is pointed out using $ζ$-function regularization and heat-kernel techniques.
description: 20 Pages, RevTex, UTF300
The Effects of Photo-journalism on the Outgroup Empathy Gap
Creators: name: Arceneaux, Kevin
name: Bakker, Bert
name: Dunaway, Johanna
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Empathy
subject: Outgroup Bias
subject: Political Attitudes

description: Common explanations of media influence on bias toward out-groups focus on racial biases. Empathy is a psychological trait ostensibly capable of minimizing perceived differences between in-group and out-group members, but evidence suggests that for some, empathetic capacity is limited for out-group members. We ask whether and how media depictions of refugees and domestic natural disaster victims as in-group and out-group members influence attitudes. We conduct a series of experiments in which the skin tone and group size of refugees depicted in news story images varies by condition. We test whether photo-journalistic portrayals of refugees as more human decreases outgroup bias in people's empathetic responses. We further explore whether individual differences in empathy and racism condition the effects of media images on empathic responses to outgroups.
Additional file 2 of Multi-omics data integration reveals novel drug targets in hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Dimitrakopoulos, Christos
name: Hindupur, Sravanth Kumar
name: Colombi, Marco
name: Liko, Dritan
name: Ng, Charlotte K. Y.
name: Piscuoglio, Salvatore
name: Behr, Jonas
name: Moore, Ariane L.
name: Singer, Jochen
name: Ruscheweyh, Hans-Joachim
name: Matter, Matthias S.
name: Mossmann, Dirk
name: Terracciano, Luigi M.
name: Hall, Michael N.
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. A. Graph showing miRNA expression of miR-375 in L-dKO tumors (n=12) compared to control mice (n=6). B. mRNA expression analysis of indicated genes in 20-week-old L-dKO tumors compared to livers from age-matched control mice (n = 6). Expression for each gene is normalized to intensity of TBP gene expression (normalising control) in the corresponding mice. Two-sided unpaired t-test is used. Data is mean ± s.d.
Can we look inside a dynamo?
Creators: name: Stefani, Frank
name: Gerbeth, Gunter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a simple spherically symmetric mean-field dynamo model we investigate the possibility of determining the radial dependence of the coefficient $α$. Growth rates for different magnetic field modes are assumed to be known by measurement. An evolutionary strategy (ES) is used for the solution of the inverse problem. Numerically, we find quite different $α$-profiles giving nearly the same eigenvalues. The ES is also applied to find functions $α(r)$ yielding zero growth rates for the lowest four magnetic field modes. Additionally, a slight modification of the ES is utilized for an ''energetic'' optimization of $α^2$-dynamos. The consequences of our findings for inverse dynamo theory and for the design of future dynamo experiments are discussed.
description: 19 pages, to appear in Astron. Nachr
Localized solutions of Lugiato-Lefever equations with focused pump
Creators: name: Cardoso, Wesley B.
name: Salasnich, Luca
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lugiato-Lefever (LL) equations in one and two dimensions (1D and 2D) accurately describe the dynamics of optical fields in pumped lossy cavities with the intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity. The external pump is usually assumed to be uniform, but it can be made tightly focused too -- in particular, for building small pixels. We obtain solutions of the LL equations, with both the focusing and defocusing intrinsic nonlinearity, for 1D and 2D confined modes supported by the localized pump. In the 1D setting, we first develop a simple perturbation theory, based in the sech ansatz, in the case of weak pump and loss. Then, a family of exact analytical solutions for spatially confined modes is produced for the pump focused in the form of a delta-function, with a nonlinear loss (two-photon absorption) added to the LL model. Numerical findings demonstrate that these exact solutions are stable, both dynamically and structurally (the latter means that stable numerical solutions close to the exact ones are found when a specific condition, necessary for the existence of the analytical solution, does not hold). In 2D, vast families of stable confined modes are produced by means of a variational approximation and full numerical simulations.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Scientific Reports
Correlated Binomial Models and Correlation Structures
Creators: name: Hisakado, M.
name: Kitsukawa, K.
name: Mori, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a general method to construct correlated binomial distributions by imposing several consistent relations on the joint probability function. We obtain self-consistency relations for the conditional correlations and conditional probabilities. The beta-binomial distribution is derived by a strong symmetric assumption on the conditional correlations. Our derivation clarifies the 'correlation' structure of the beta-binomial distribution. It is also possible to study the correlation structures of other probability distributions of exchangeable (homogeneous) correlated Bernoulli random variables. We study some distribution functions and discuss their behaviors in terms of their correlation structures.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures