cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electronic Supplementary Material from Dynamic social learning in temporally and spatially variable environments
Creators: name: Deffner, Dominik
name: Kleinow, Vivien
name: McElreath, Richard
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Appendix (A) displays full group dynamics and migration schedule, (B) shows exemplary results from simulation parameter recovery test, (C) shows extended results from computational learning models, (D) shows results from post-hoc experimental simulations, (E) contains complete preregistration (see also https://osf.io/j6v5m/) and (F) displays both consent form and instructions in German original.
DCA: Delayed Charging Attack on the Electric Shared Mobility System
Creators: name: Guo, Shuocheng
name: Chen, Hanlin
name: Rahman, Mizanur
name: Qian, Xinwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An efficient operation of the electric shared mobility system (ESMS) relies heavily on seamless interconnections among shared electric vehicles (SEV), electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), and the grid. Nevertheless, this interconnectivity also makes the ESMS vulnerable to cyberattacks that may cause short-term breakdowns or long-term degradation of the ESMS. This study focuses on one such attack with long-lasting effects, the Delayed Charge Attack (DCA), that stealthily delays the charging service by exploiting the physical and communication vulnerabilities. To begin, we present the ESMS threat model by highlighting the assets, information flow, and access points. We next identify a linked sequence of vulnerabilities as a viable attack vector for launching DCA. Then, we detail the implementation of DCA, which can effectively bypass the detection in the SEV's battery management system and the cross-verification in the cloud environment. We test the DCA model against various Anomaly Detection (AD) algorithms by simulating the DCA dynamics in a Susceptible-Infectious-Removed-Susceptible process, where the EVSE can be compromised by the DCA or detected for repair. Using real-world taxi trip data and EVSE locations in New York City, the DCA model allows us to explore the long-term impacts and validate the system consequences. The results show that a 10-min delay results in 12-min longer queuing times and 8% more unfulfilled requests, leading to a 10.7% (\$311.7) weekly revenue loss per driver. With the AD algorithms, the weekly revenue loss remains at least 3.8% (\$111.8) with increased repair costs of \$36,000, suggesting the DCA's robustness against the AD.
Well posedness of Lagrangian flows and continuity equations in metric measure spaces
Creators: name: Ambrosio, Luigi
name: Trevisan, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R05, 37C10, 30L99

description: We establish, in a rather general setting, an analogue of DiPerna-Lions theory on well-posedness of flows of ODE's associated to Sobolev vector fields. Key results are a well-posedness result for the continuity equation associated to suitably defined Sobolev vector fields, via a commutator estimate, and an abstract superposition principle in (possibly extended) metric measure spaces, via an embedding into $\mathbb{R}^\infty$. When specialized to the setting of Euclidean or infinite dimensional (e.g. Gaussian) spaces, large parts of previously known results are recovered at once. Moreover, the class of ${\sf RCD}(K,\infty)$ metric measure spaces object of extensive recent research fits into our framework. Therefore we provide, for the first time, well-posedness results for ODE's under low regularity assumptions on the velocity and in a nonsmooth context.
description: Slightly expanded some remarks on the technical assumption (7.11); Journal reference inserted
Strongly three-dimensional electronic structure and Fermi Surfaces of SrFe$_{2}$(As$_{0.65}$P$_{0.35}$)$_{2}$: Comparison with BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$
Creators: name: Suzuki, H.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Miyasaka, S.
name: Yoshida, T.
name: Ambolode, L. C. C.
name: Ideta, S.
name: Yi, M.
name: Hashimoto, M.
name: Lu, D. H.
name: Shen, Z. -X.
name: Ono, K.
name: Kumigashira, H.
name: Tajima, S.
name: Fujimori, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isovalent-substituted iron-pnictide superconductor SrFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$ ($x$=0.35) has a slightly higher optimum critical temperature than the similar system BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$, and its parent compound SrFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ has a much higher Néel temperature than BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$. We have studied the band structure and the Fermi surfaces of optimally-doped SrFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$ by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Three holelike Fermi surfaces (FSs) around (0,0) and two electronlike FSs around ($π$,$π$) have been observed as in the case of BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$. Measurements with different photon energies have revealed that one of the hole FSs is more strongly warped along the $k_{z}$ direction than the corresponding one in BaFe(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$, while the electron FSs are almost cylindrical unlike corrugated ones in BaFe(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$. Comparison of the ARPES data with first-principles band-structure calculation revealed that the quasiparticle mass renormalization factors are different not only between bands of different orbital character but also between the hole and electron FSs of the same orbital character. By examining nesting conditions between the hole and electron FSs, we conclude that magnetic interactions between FeAs layers rather than FS nesting play an important role in stabilizing the antiferromagnetic order. The insensitivity of superconductivity to the FS nesting can be explained if only the $d_{xy}$ and/or $d_{xz/yz}$ orbitals are active in inducing superconductivity or if FS nesting is not important for superconductivity.
Boundary-aware Supervoxel-level Iteratively Refined Interactive 3D Image Segmentation with Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Ma, Chaofan
name: Xu, Qisen
name: Wang, Xiangfeng
name: Jin, Bo
name: Zhang, Xiaoyun
name: Wang, Yanfeng
name: Zhang, Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interactive segmentation has recently been explored to effectively and efficiently harvest high-quality segmentation masks by iteratively incorporating user hints. While iterative in nature, most existing interactive segmentation methods tend to ignore the dynamics of successive interactions and take each interaction independently. We here propose to model iterative interactive image segmentation with a Markov decision process (MDP) and solve it with reinforcement learning (RL) where each voxel is treated as an agent. Considering the large exploration space for voxel-wise prediction and the dependence among neighboring voxels for the segmentation tasks, multi-agent reinforcement learning is adopted, where the voxel-level policy is shared among agents. Considering that boundary voxels are more important for segmentation, we further introduce a boundary-aware reward, which consists of a global reward in the form of relative cross-entropy gain, to update the policy in a constrained direction, and a boundary reward in the form of relative weight, to emphasize the correctness of boundary predictions. To combine the advantages of different types of interactions, i.e., simple and efficient for point-clicking, and stable and robust for scribbles, we propose a supervoxel-clicking based interaction design. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets have shown that the proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-arts, with the advantage of fewer interactions, higher accuracy, and enhanced robustness.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
Impact of particles on the Planck HFI detectors: Ground-based measurements and physical interpretation
Creators: name: Catalano, A.
name: Ade, P.
name: Atik, Y.
name: Benoit, A.
name: Bréele, E.
name: Bock, J. J.
name: Camus, P.
name: Chabot, M.
name: Charra, M.
name: Crill, B. P.
name: Coron, N.
name: Coulais, A.
name: Désert, F. -X.
name: Fauvet, L.
name: Giraud-Héraud, Y.
name: Guillaudin, O.
name: Holmes, W.
name: Jones, W. C.
name: Lamarre, J. -M.
name: Macías-Pérez, J.
name: Martinez, M.
name: Miniussi, A.
name: Monfardini, A.
name: Pajot, F.
name: Patanchon, G.
name: Pelissier, A.
name: Piat, M.
name: Puget, J. -L.
name: Renault, C.
name: Rosset, C.
name: Santos, D.
name: Sauvé, A.
name: Spencer, L. D.
name: Sudiwala, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) surveyed the sky continuously from August 2009 to January 2012. Its noise and sensitivity performance were excellent, but the rate of cosmic ray impacts on the HFI detectors was unexpectedly high. Furthermore, collisions of cosmic rays with the focal plane produced transient signals in the data (glitches) with a wide range of characteristics. A study of cosmic ray impacts on the HFI detector modules has been undertaken to categorize and characterize the glitches, to correct the HFI time-ordered data, and understand the residual effects on Planck maps and data products. This paper presents an evaluation of the physical origins of glitches observed by the HFI detectors. In order to better understand the glitches observed by HFI in flight, several ground-based experiments were conducted with flight-spare HFI bolometer modules. The experiments were conducted between 2010 and 2013 with HFI test bolometers in different configurations using varying particles and impact energies. The bolometer modules were exposed to 23 MeV protons from the Orsay IPN TANDEM accelerator, and to $^{241}$Am and $^{244}$Cm $α$-particle and $^{55}$Fe radioactive X-ray sources. The calibration data from the HFI ground-based preflight tests were used to further characterize the glitches and compare glitch rates with statistical expectations under laboratory conditions. Test results provide strong evidence that the dominant family of glitches observed in flight are due to cosmic ray absorption by the silicon die substrate on which the HFI detectors reside. Glitch energy is propagated to the thermistor by ballistic phonons, while there is also a thermal diffusion contribution. The implications of these results for future satellite missions, especially those in the far-infrared to sub-millimetre and millimetre regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
Federated Survival Forests
Creators: name: Archetti, Alberto
name: Matteucci, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Survival analysis is a subfield of statistics concerned with modeling the occurrence time of a particular event of interest for a population. Survival analysis found widespread applications in healthcare, engineering, and social sciences. However, real-world applications involve survival datasets that are distributed, incomplete, censored, and confidential. In this context, federated learning can tremendously improve the performance of survival analysis applications. Federated learning provides a set of privacy-preserving techniques to jointly train machine learning models on multiple datasets without compromising user privacy, leading to a better generalization performance. However, despite the widespread development of federated learning in recent AI research, few studies focus on federated survival analysis. In this work, we present a novel federated algorithm for survival analysis based on one of the most successful survival models, the random survival forest. We call the proposed method Federated Survival Forest (FedSurF). With a single communication round, FedSurF obtains a discriminative power comparable to deep-learning-based federated models trained over hundreds of federated iterations. Moreover, FedSurF retains all the advantages of random forests, namely low computational cost and natural handling of missing values and incomplete datasets. These advantages are especially desirable in real-world federated environments with multiple small datasets stored on devices with low computational capabilities. Numerical experiments compare FedSurF with state-of-the-art survival models in federated networks, showing how FedSurF outperforms deep-learning-based federated algorithms in realistic environments with non-identically distributed data.
The Epstein-Glaser causal approach to the Light-Front QED$_{4}$. I: Free theory
Creators: name: Bufalo, R.
name: Pimentel, B. M.
name: Soto, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present the study of light-front field theories in the realm of axiomatic theory. It is known that when one uses the light-cone gauge pathological poles $(k^{+}) ^{-n}$ arises, demanding a prescription to be employed in order to tame these ill-defined poles and to have correct Feynman integrals due to the lack of Wick rotation in such theories. In order to shed a new light on this long standing problem we present here a discussion based on the use rigorous mathematical machinery of distributions combined with physical concepts, such as causality, to show how to deal with these singular propagators in a general fashion without making use of any prescription. The first step of our development will consist in showing how analytic representation for propagators arises by requiring general physical properties in the framework of Wightman's formalism. From that we shall determine the equal-time (anti)commutation relations in the light-front form for the scalar, fermionic fields and for the dynamical components of the electromagnetic field. In conclusion, we introduce the Epstein-Glaser causal method in order to have a mathematical rigorous treatment of the free propagators of the theory, allowing us to discuss the general treatment for propagators of the type $(k^{+}) ^{-n}$. Moreover, we show that at given conditions our results reproduce known prescriptions in the literature.
description: 34 pages, v2 matching the published version
The body image of social robots
Creators: name: Li, Bing
name: Ajjaji, Oumayma
name: Gigandet, Robin
name: Nazir, Tatjana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The rapid development of social robots has challenged robotics and cognitive sciences to understand humans' perception of the appearance of robots. In this study, robot-associated words spontaneously generated by humans were analyzed to semantically reveal the body image of 30 robots that have been developed over the past decades. The analyses took advantage of word affect scales and embedding vectors, and provided a series of evidence for links between human perception and body image. It was found that the valence and dominance of the body image reflected humans' attitude towards the general concept of robots; that the user bases and usages of the robots were among the primary factors influencing humans' impressions towards individual robots; and that there was a relationship between the robots' affects and semantic distances to the word ``person''. According to the results, building body image for robots was an effective paradigm to investigate which features were appreciated by people and what influenced people's feelings towards robots.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the 19th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO 2023)
Combating Online Misinformation Videos: Characterization, Detection, and Future Directions
Creators: name: Bu, Yuyan
name: Sheng, Qiang
name: Cao, Juan
name: Qi, Peng
name: Wang, Danding
name: Li, Jintao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With information consumption via online video streaming becoming increasingly popular, misinformation video poses a new threat to the health of the online information ecosystem. Though previous studies have made much progress in detecting misinformation in text and image formats, video-based misinformation brings new and unique challenges to automatic detection systems: 1) high information heterogeneity brought by various modalities, 2) blurred distinction between misleading video manipulation and nonmalicious artistic video editing, and 3) new patterns of misinformation propagation due to the dominant role of recommendation systems on online video platforms. To facilitate research on this challenging task, we conduct this survey to present advances in misinformation video detection. We first analyze and characterize the misinformation video from three levels including signals, semantics, and intents. Based on the characterization, we systematically review existing works for detection from features of various modalities to techniques for clue integration. We also introduce existing resources including representative datasets and useful tools. Besides summarizing existing studies, we discuss related areas and outline open issues and future directions to encourage and guide more research on misinformation video detection. The corresponding repository is at https://github.com/ICTMCG/Awesome-Misinfo-Video-Detection.
description: Accepted at ACM Multimedia 2023 (MM 2023). 11 pages, 4 figures, and 89 references
Surfactant-induced rigidity of interfaces: a unified approach to free and dip-coated films
Creators: name: Champougny, Lorène
name: Scheid, Benoit
name: Restagno, Frédéric
name: Vermant, Jan
name: Rio, Emmanuelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of thin liquid films is known to be strongly affected by the presence of surfactants at the interfaces. The detailed mechanism by which the latter enhance film stability is still a matter of debate, in particular concerning the influence of surface elastic effects on the hydrodynamic boundary condition at the liquid/air interfaces. In the present work, "twin" hydrodynamic models neglecting surfactant transport to the interfaces are proposed to describe the coating of films onto a solid plate (Landau-Levich-Derjaguin configuration) as well as soap film pulling (Frankel configuration). Experimental data on the entrained film thickness in both configurations can be fitted very well using a single value of the surface elasticity, which is in good agreement with independent measurements by mean of surface expansion experiments in a Langmuir through. The analysis shows how and when the soap films or dip coating experiments may be used to precisely and sensitively measure the surface elasticity of surfactant solutions.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Embedded digital phase noise analyzer for optical frequency metrology
Creators: name: Donadello, Simone
name: Bertacco, Elio K.
name: Calonico, Davide
name: Clivati, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Digital signal processing (DSP) is supporting novel in-field applications of optical interferometry, such as in laser ranging and distributed acoustic sensing. While the highest performances are achieved with field-programmable gated arrays (FPGAs), their complexity and cost are often too high for many tasks. Here, we describe an alternative solution for processing optical signals in real-time, based on a dual-core 32-bit microcontroller. We implemented in-phase and quadrature (IQ) demodulation of optical beat-notes resulting from the interference of independent laser sources, phase noise analysis of deployed optical fibers covering intercity distances, and synchronization of remote acquisitions via optical trigger signals. The embedded architecture can efficiently accomplish a large variety of tasks in the context of optical signal processing, being also easily configurable, compact, and upgradable. These features make it attractive for applications that require long-term, remotely operated, and field-deployed instrumentation.
Non-magnetic impurity effects in a three-dimensional topological superconductor: From p- to s-wave behaviors
Creators: name: Nagai, Yuki
name: Ota, Yukihiro
name: Machida, Masahiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unconventional features in superconductivity are revealed by responses to impurity scattering. We study non-magnetic impurity effects in a three-dimensional topological superconductor, focusing on an effective model (massive Dirac Hamiltonian with s-wave on-site pairing) of Copper-doped bismuth-selenium compounds. Using a self-consistent T-matrix approach for impurity scattering, we examine in-gap states in density of states. We find that the results are well characterized by a single material variable, which measures relativistic effects in the Dirac Hamiltonian. In non-relativistic regime, an odd-parity superconducting state is fragile against non-magnetic impurities. We show that this behavior is caused by a p-wave character involved in the topological superconducting state. In contrast, we show that in relativistic regime the superconductivity is robust against non-magnetic impurities, owing to an s-wave character. To summarize, the system has two aspects, p- and s-wave features, depending on the weight of relativistic effects.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, final version
Role of protein kinase C in inhibition of renin release caused by vasoconstrictors
Creators: name: Kurtz, Armin
name: Pfeilschifter, J.
name: Hutter, A.
name: Bührle, C.
name: Nobiling, R.
name: Taugner, R.
name: Hackenthal, E.
name: Bauer, C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Angiotensin II/pharmacology
subject: Animals
subject: Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology
subject: Calcium/metabolism
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Diglycerides/pharmacology
subject: Histocytochemistry
subject: Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
subject: Male
subject: Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
subject: Norepinephrine/pharmacology
subject: Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate
subject: Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism
subject: Protein Kinase C/metabolism
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Inbred Strains
subject: Renin/blood
subject: Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
subject: Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
subject: Verapamil/pharmacology

description: It was the aim of the present study to get insight into some of the intracellular mechanisms by which the vasoconstrictor hormones angiotensin II (ANG II), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and norepinephrine (NE) inhibit renin release from renal juxtaglomerular cells. To this end a primary cell culture from rat renal cortex was established that consisted of 50% juxtaglomerular cells. The cultured juxtaglomerular cells contained prominent renin granules closely resembling those in the intact kidney and responded to a number of stimuli of renin release. By using these cultures, we found that ANG II (10(-7) M), AVP (10(-6) M), and NE (10(-5) M) inhibited renin release and increased the calcium permeability of the plasma membrane of the cultured cells. Both the effects on renin release and on calcium permeability could be diminished or even be abolished by the calcium channel blocker verapamil (Vp) (10(-5) M). ANG II, AVP, and NE led to an increased formation of diacylglycerol (DAG), a well-known stimulator of protein kinase C (PKC). Moreover, a direct stimulation of PKC by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (10(-8)-10(-6) M) also inhibited renin release and increased the calcium permeability of the cell membrane. Similar to ANG II, AVP, and NE, the effects of TPA on calcium permeability and renin release could be diminished by Vp. In conclusion, these results point toward a common mechanism by which vasoconstrictors inhibit renin release from renal juxtaglomerular cells: ANG II, AVP, and NE activate a phospholipase C, which generates DAG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Holomorphic Bundles and the Moduli Space of N=1 Supersymmetric Heterotic Compactifications
Creators: name: de la Ossa, Xenia
name: Svanes, Eirik E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe the first order moduli space of heterotic string theory compactifications which preserve $N=1$ supersymmetry in four dimensions, that is, the infinitesimal parameter space of the Strominger system. We establish that if we promote a connection on $TX$ to a field, the moduli space corresponds to deformations of a holomorphic structure $\bar D$ on a bundle $\cal Q$. The bundle $\cal Q$ is constructed as an extension by the cotangent bundle $T^*X$ of the bundle $E= {\rm End}(V) \oplus {\rm End}(TX) \oplus TX$ with an extension class $\cal H$ which precisely enforces the anomaly cancelation condition. The deformations corresponding to the bundle $E$ are simultaneous deformations of the holomorphic structures on the poly-stable bundles $V$ and $TX$ together with those of the complex structure of $X$. We discuss the fact that the "moduli" corresponding to ${\rm End}(TX)$ cannot be physical, but are however needed in our mathematical structure to be able to enforce the anomaly cancelation condition. In the Appendix we comment on the choice of connection on $TX$ which has caused some confusion in the community before. It has been shown by Ivanov and others that this connection should also satisfy the instanton equations, and we give another proof of this fact.
description: Added references; extended section 3 to explain better the moduli space; corrected various minor errors and typos. 62 pages
Interaction energy and itinerant ferromagnetism in a strongly interacting Fermi gas in the absence of molecule formation
Creators: name: He, Lianyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interaction energy and the possibility of itinerant ferromagnetism in a strongly interacting Fermi gas at zero temperature in the absence of molecule formation. The interaction energy is obtained by summing the perturbative contributions of Galitskii-Feynman type to all orders in the gas parameter. It can be expressed by a simple phase space integral of an in-medium scattering phase shift. In both three and two dimensions (3D and 2D), the interaction energy shows a maximum before reaching the resonance from the Bose-Einstein condensate side, which provides a possible explanation of the experimental measurements of the interaction energy. This phenomenon can be theoretically explained by the qualitative change of the nature of the binary interaction in the medium. The appearance of an energy maximum has significant effects on the itinerant ferromagnetism. In 3D, the ferromagnetic transition is reentrant and itinerant ferromagnetism exists in a narrow window around the energy maximum. In 2D, the present theoretical approach suggests that itinerant ferromagnetism does not exist, which reflects the fact that the energy maximum becomes much lower than the energy of the fully polarized state.
description: Published version
Pushing down the Rumin complex to conformally symplectic quotients
Creators: name: Cap, Andreas
name: Salac, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: primary: 58J10, secondary: 35N10, 53D05, 53D10, 58J60

description: Given a contact manifold $M_#$ together with a transversal infinitesimal automorphism $ξ$, we show that any local leaf space $M$ for the foliation determined by $ξ$ naturally carries a conformally symplectic (cs-) structure. Then we show that the Rumin complex on $M_#$ descends to a complex of differential operators on $M$, whose cohomology can be computed. Applying this construction locally, one obtains a complex intrinsically associated to any manifold endowed with a cs-structure, which recovers the generalization of the so-called Rumin-Seshadri complex to the conformally symplectic setting. The cohomology of this more general complex can be computed using the push-down construction.
description: 13 pages v2: added reference [7] to earlier construction of the Rumin-Seshadri complex in a conformally symplectic setting; changed terminonolgy from "locally conformally symplectic" to "conformally symplectic"; some other minor changes; finaly version to appear in Differential Geom. Appl
STARFIRE: An algorithm for estimating radio frequency interference in orbits around Earth
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sonia
name: Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana
name: Singh, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground-based 21-cm experiments targeting the global signal from the periods of Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are susceptible to adverse effects presented by i) the ionosphere ii) antenna chromaticity induced by objects in its vicinity iii) terrestrial radio frequency interference (RFI). Terrestrial RFI is particularly challenging as the FM radio band spanning over 88-108 MHz lies entirely within the frequency range of the CD/EoR experiments ($\sim 40-200$ MHz). Multiple space-based experiments have been proposed to operate in the radio-quiet zone on the lunar farside. An intermediate option in cost and complexity is an experiment operating in space in an orbit around Earth, which readily alleviates the first two challenges. However, the effect of RFI in Earth's orbit on the detection of global signal needs to be quantitatively evaluated. We present STARFIRE -- Simulation of TerrestriAl Radio Frequency Interference in oRbits around Earth -- an algorithm that provides an expectation of FM seeded RFI at different altitudes over Earth. Using a limited set of publicly available FM transmitter databases, which can be extended by the user community, we demonstrate the use of the STARFIRE framework to generate a three-dimensional spatio-spectral cube of RFI as would be measured in Earth orbit. Applications of STARFIRE include identifying minimum RFI orbits around Earth, producing RFI spectra over a particular location, and generating RFI heatmaps at specific frequencies for a range of altitudes. STARFIRE can be easily adapted for different frequencies, altitudes, antenna properties, RFI databases, and combined with astrophysical sky-models. This can be used to estimate the effect of RFI on the detection of global 21-cm signal from Earth-orbit, and hence for sensitivity estimates and experiment design of an Earth orbiting CD/EoR detection experiment.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. Accepted version: Published in Astronomy and Computing
World's Columbian Dental Congress member's ticket, August 14-19, 1893
Creators: name: World's Columbian Dental Congress (1893 : Chicago, Ill.)
Publisher: name: Galter Health Science Library & Learning Center
Year: 2021

description: Front and back of Dr. Black's ticket to the Dental Congress. On the back is a map of Chicago showing the locations of the various venues of the Congress.
In-situ visualization of local distortions in the high-$T_c$ molecule-intercalated $Li_x(C_5H_5N)_yFe_{2-z}Se_2$ superconductor
Creators: name: Berdiell, Izar Capel
name: Pesko, Edyta
name: Lator, Elijah
name: Deltsidis, Alexandros
name: Krzton-Maziopa, Anna
name: Abeykoon, A. M. Milinda
name: Bozin, Emil S.
name: Lappas, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A time-resolved synchrotron X-ray total scattering study sheds light on the evolution of the different structural length scales involved during the intercalation of the layered iron-selenide host by organic molecular donors, aiming at the formation of the expanded lattice $Li_x(C_5H_5N)_yFe_{2-z}Se_2$ hybrid superconductor. The intercalates are found to crystallize in the tetragonal $ThCr_2Si_2$-type structure at the average level, however, with an enhanced interlayer iron-selenide spacing (d= 16.2 Å) that accommodates the heterocyclic molecular spacers. Quantitative atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis at variable times, suggests distorted $FeSe_4$ tetrahedral local environments that appear swollen with respect to those in the parent $β$-FeSe. Simultaneously acquired, in-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data disclose that secondary phases ($α$-Fe and $Li_2Se$), grow significantly when higher Li-concentration is used in the solvothermal reaction or when the solution is aged. These observations are in line with the strongly reducing character of the intercalation medium's solvated electrons that mediate the defect chemistry of the expanded lattice superconductor. In the latter, intralayer correlated local distortions indicate electron donating aspects that reflect in somewhat enlarged Fe-Se bonds. They also reveal a degree of relief of chemical pressure associated with a large distance between Fe and Se sheets ('taller' anion height) and a stretched Fe-Fe square planar topology. The elongation of the latter, derived from the in-situ PDF study, speaks for a plausible increase in the Fe-site vacancy concentration. The evolution of the local structural parameters suggests an optimum reaction window where kinetically stabilized phases resemble the distortions of the edge-sharing Fe-Se tetrahedra, required for high-$T_c$ in expanded lattice iron-chalcogenides.
description: Main text of 25 pages, 8 Figures. Supplemental Material of 19 pages, 10 Figures, 1 Table
All-microwave manipulation of superconducting qubits with a fixed-frequency transmon coupler
Creators: name: Shirai, Shotaro
name: Okubo, Yuta
name: Matsuura, Kohei
name: Osada, Alto
name: Nakamura, Yasunobu
name: Noguchi, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All-microwave control of fixed-frequency superconducting quantum computing circuits is advantageous for minimizing the noise channels and wiring costs. Here we introduce a swap interaction between two data transmons assisted by the third-order nonlinearity of a coupler transmon under a microwave drive. We model the interaction analytically and numerically and use it to implement an all-microwave controlled-Z gate. The gate based on the coupler-assisted swap transition maintains high drive efficiency and small residual interaction over a wide range of detuning between the data transmons.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
On deformation and classification of V-systems
Creators: name: Schreiber, V.
name: Veselov, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D45, 20F55

description: The V-systems are special finite sets of covectors which appeared in the theory of the generalized Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde (WDVV) equations. Several families of V-systems are known but their classification is an open problem. We derive the relations describing the infinitesimal deformations of V-systems and use them to study the classification problem for V-systems in dimension 3. We discuss also possible matroidal structures of V-systems in relation with projective geometry and give the catalogue of all known irreducible rank 3 V-systems.
description: Slightly revised version, one of the figures corrected
Progress and open questions in the physics of neutrino cross sections
Creators: name: Alvarez-Ruso, L.
name: Hayato, Y.
name: Nieves, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New and more precise measurements of neutrino cross sections have renewed the interest in a better understanding of electroweak interactions on nucleons and nuclei. This effort is crucial to achieve the precision goals of the neutrino oscillation program, making new discoveries, like the CP violation in the leptonic sector, possible. We review the recent progress in the physics of neutrino cross sections, putting emphasis on the open questions that arise in the comparison with new experimental data. Following an overview of recent neutrino experiments and future plans, we present some details about the theoretical development in the description of (anti)neutrino-induced quasielastic scattering and the role of multi-nucleon quasielastic-like mechanisms. We cover not only pion production in nucleons and nuclei but also other inelastic channels including strangeness production and photon emission. Coherent reaction channels on nuclear targets are also discussed. Finally, we briefly describe some of the Monte Carlo event generators, which are at the core of all neutrino oscillation and cross section measurements.
description: Invited review article for New Journal of Physics, final version; 45 pages, 23 figures
Additional file 1 of Productive and metabolomic consequences of arginine supplementation in sows during different gestation periods in two different seasons
Creators: name: Virdis, Sara
name: Luise, Diana
name: Correa, Federico
name: Laghi, Luca
name: Arrigoni, Norma
name: Amarie, Roxana Elena
name: Serra, Andrea
name: Biagi, Giacomo
name: Negrini, Clara
name: Palumbo, Francesco
name: Trevisi, Paolo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1 Effect of Arg supplementation and season on the concentration of the identified metabolites in sow’s colostrum. Table S2 Effect of Arg supplementation on the concentration of the identified metabolites of sows’ urine at d 35 of gestation. Table S3 Effect of Arg supplementation on the identified metabolites of sow’ feces at d 35 of gestation. Table S4 Effect of Arg supplementation and season on the identified metabolites concentrations in sows’ feces at d 106 of gestation. Table S5 Microbial identifying differentially abundant taxa at d 35 of gestation in the two seasons. Table S6 Microbial identifying differentially abundant taxa at d 106 of gestation in the two seasons. Fig. S1 Effect of Arg supplementation on the metabolome characterization on the total colostrum spectra according to the seasons. Fig. S2 Effect of Arg supplementation on the metabolites’ identification in sows’ feces at d 106 of gestation. Fig. S3 Effect of the season on the metabolites’ identification in sows’ feces at d 106 of gestation. Fig. S4 Beta diversity based on the season at d 35 (A) and d 106 (B) of gestation.
Quantum algorithms applied to satellite mission planning for Earth observation
Creators: name: Rainjonneau, Serge
name: Tokarev, Igor
name: Iudin, Sergei
name: Rayaprolu, Saaketh
name: Pinto, Karan
name: Lemtiuzhnikova, Daria
name: Koblan, Miras
name: Barashov, Egor
name: Kordzanganeh, Mo
name: Pflitsch, Markus
name: Melnikov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Earth imaging satellites are a crucial part of our everyday lives that enable global tracking of industrial activities. Use cases span many applications, from weather forecasting to digital maps, carbon footprint tracking, and vegetation monitoring. However, there are limitations; satellites are difficult to manufacture, expensive to maintain, and tricky to launch into orbit. Therefore, satellites must be employed efficiently. This poses a challenge known as the satellite mission planning problem, which could be computationally prohibitive to solve on large scales. However, close-to-optimal algorithms, such as greedy reinforcement learning and optimization algorithms, can often provide satisfactory resolutions. This paper introduces a set of quantum algorithms to solve the mission planning problem and demonstrate an advantage over the classical algorithms implemented thus far. The problem is formulated as maximizing the number of high-priority tasks completed on real datasets containing thousands of tasks and multiple satellites. This work demonstrates that through solution-chaining and clustering, optimization and machine learning algorithms offer the greatest potential for optimal solutions. This paper notably illustrates that a hybridized quantum-enhanced reinforcement learning agent can achieve a completion percentage of 98.5% over high-priority tasks, significantly improving over the baseline greedy methods with a completion rate of 75.8%. The results presented in this work pave the way to quantum-enabled solutions in the space industry and, more generally, future mission planning problems across industries.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Study of freeze-out dynamics in STAR at RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program
Creators: name: Das, Sabita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The STAR detector at RHIC, due to its large uniform acceptance and excellent particle identification capabilities, has measured a variety of hadron species ($π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, $\bar{p}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $Λ$, $\barΛ$, $Ξ^{-}$, $\barΞ^{+}$) produced in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN}}= 7.7$, 11.5, 27 and 39 GeV. These data are part of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at RHIC and provide an opportunity to measure the yields and transverse momentum spectra ($p_{T}$) of the particles produced in the collisions. The corresponding measurements allow to study the freeze-out properties and dynamics of heavy ion collisions. A statistical thermal model analysis of particle production in BES energies in both grand canonical and strangeness canonical ensembles, is used to extract the chemical freeze-out parameters. The $p_{T}$ spectra, particle ratios, and the energy and centrality dependence of freeze-out parameters determined from the thermal fit of particle ratios are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures, Presented at the Strangeness in Quark Matter Conference (SQM 2013), Birmingham, UK, July 22-27, 2013
When Visible-to-Thermal Facial GAN Beats Conditional Diffusion
Creators: name: Ordun, Catherine
name: Raff, Edward
name: Purushotham, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Thermal facial imagery offers valuable insight into physiological states such as inflammation and stress by detecting emitted radiation in the infrared spectrum, which is unseen in the visible spectra. Telemedicine applications could benefit from thermal imagery, but conventional computers are reliant on RGB cameras and lack thermal sensors. As a result, we propose the Visible-to-Thermal Facial GAN (VTF-GAN) that is specifically designed to generate high-resolution thermal faces by learning both the spatial and frequency domains of facial regions, across spectra. We compare VTF-GAN against several popular GAN baselines and the first conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) for VT face translation (VTF-Diff). Results show that VTF-GAN achieves high quality, crisp, and perceptually realistic thermal faces using a combined set of patch, temperature, perceptual, and Fourier Transform losses, compared to all baselines including diffusion.
Linear recurrence sequences and their convolutions via Bell polynomials
Creators: name: Birmajer, Daniel
name: Gil, Juan B.
name: Weiner, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We recast homogeneous linear recurrence sequences with fixed coefficients in terms of partial Bell polynomials, and use their properties to obtain various combinatorial identities and multifold convolution formulas. Our approach relies on a basis of sequences that can be obtained as the INVERT transform of the coefficients of the given recurrence relation. For such a basis sequence $(y_n)$ with generating function $Y(t)$, and for any positive integer $r$, we give a formula for the convolved sequence generated by $Y(t)^r$ and prove that it satisfies an elegant recurrence relation.
description: 12 pages. This is a substantially revised version that emphasizes the aspect of convolutions and incorporates new results in Section 3
Paramagnetic instability of small topological superconductors
Creators: name: Suzuki, Shu-Ichiro
name: Asano, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the diamagnetism is of the essence in the superconducting phenomena, small enough topological (or unconventional) superconductors are paramagnetic. By solving the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation and the Maxwell equation self-consistently in two-dimensional disks, we theoretically study the response of small superconductors to weak magnetic field. Because of the topologically nontrivial character of the wave function, the unconventional superconductor hosts the zero-energy surface Andreev bound states which always accompany the odd-frequency Cooper pairs. The paramagnetic property of the odd-frequency pairs explains the unusual Meissner effect at low temperature.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures