cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The role of olfaction in human social interactions
Creators: name: Murray, Alice
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Olfactory signals are generally regarded as the oldest and most widespread form of communication across taxa. They can play an important role in the mediation of social interactions, reproductive status and warning of danger, whilst also signalling more fixed genetic factors such as the major histocompatability complex, which is linked to inbreeding avoidance. Little is known of the role odour might play in humans, although there is some indication that humans may be influenced by a family of androgen steroids called the 16-androstenes, produced in axillary odour. Here I aim to identify the role of androstene compounds in humans, as well as body odour as a whole, using two theoretical frameworks based on intersexual and intrasexual signalling. Evidence is found to suggest androstadienone (“AND”, a putative male pheromone) and male odour (a composite sample of axillary sweat) may be having a suppressive effect on males. Men exposed to AND feel less attractive and potentially behave less attractive too, as judged by third-party raters. In a physical performance test, male odour is found to have a similar suppressing effect, with exposure being linked to decreased men’s performance in a cycling time trial and aspects of a 30-second cycling sprint test. In contrast, women exhibited stimulatory responses to the male odour, not AND. An analytical assessment of male odour was carried out, in an effort to link androstene profiles to aspects of phenotypic quality and socially relevant traits. Cluster analysis revealed that men’s odour profiles fell into two groups, which in turn could be explained by relationship status. In essence, single men have different compounds in their odour to men in a relationship. Furthermore, the odour of single men appears to be preferred by women. Exposure to solutions based on these two groups had sex specific effects on the receiver. In conclusion, the results highlight the novel possibility of human male intra-sexual signalling, whilst providing the only empirical evidence of odour chemistry links with social function in humans; paving the way for further investigations in this field.
[9 Ansichten der Kathedrale von Vézelay]
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1870

description: [Kellergewöhlbe in Vézelay]
description: [Vézelay, S. Madeleine Innen]
description: [Vézelay, Huaptportal im Narthex zu Sainte Madeleine]
description: [Vézelay, Ste. Madeleine plusieurs Fragments]
description: [Vézelay, Ste. Madeleine, Aussen]
description: [St. Père sous Vézelay]
description: [St. Père sous Vézelay, Inneres]
description: Es handelt sich bei den Fotografien um Albuminabzüge
description: Unbekannte/r Fotograf/in
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation 2024 TIFF
Kepler-539: a young extrasolar system with two giant planets on wide orbits and in gravitational interaction
Creators: name: Mancini, L.
name: Lillo-Box, J.
name: Southworth, J.
name: Borsato, L.
name: Gandolfi, D.
name: Ciceri, S.
name: Barrado, D.
name: Brahm, R.
name: Henning, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We confirm the planetary nature of Kepler-539b (aka Kepler object of interest K00372.01), a giant transiting exoplanet orbiting a solar-analogue G2 V star. The mass of Kepler-539b was accurately derived thanks to a series of precise radial velocity measurements obtained with the CAFE spectrograph mounted on the CAHA 2.2m telescope. A simultaneous fit of the radial-velocity data and Kepler photometry revealed that Kepler-539b is a dense Jupiter-like planet with a mass of Mp = 0.97 Mjup and a radius of Rp = 0.747 Rjup, making a complete circular revolution around its parent star in 125.6 days. The semi-major axis of the orbit is roughly 0.5 au, implying that the planet is at roughly 0.45 au from the habitable zone. By analysing the mid-transit times of the 12 transit events of Kepler-539b recorded by the Kepler spacecraft, we found a clear modulated transit time variation (TTV), which is attributable to the presence of a planet c in a wider orbit. The few timings available do not allow us to precisely estimate the properties of Kepler-539c and our analysis suggests that it has a mass between 1.2 and 3.6 Mjup, revolving on a very eccentric orbit (0.4
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Combination Lopinavir and Ritonavir Alter Exogenous and Endogenous Bile Acid Disposition in Sandwich-Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
Creators: name: Griffin, L. M.
name: Watkins, P. B.
name: Perry, C. H.
name: St. Claire, R. L.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Inhibition of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) can cause intracellular accumulation of bile acids and is a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury in humans. Antiretroviral protease inhibitors lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) are reported BSEP inhibitors. However, the consequences of LPV and RTV, alone and combined (LPV/r), on hepatocyte viability, bile acid transport, and endogenous bile acid disposition in rat hepatocytes have not been examined. The effect of LPV, RTV, and LPV/r on cellular viability and the disposition of [3H]taurocholic acid (TCA) and [14C]chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was determined in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRH) and suspended rat hepatocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase and ATP assays revealed a concentration-dependent effect of LPV and RTV on cellular viability. LPV (5 µM), alone and combined with 5 µM RTV, significantly decreased [3H]TCA accumulation in cells + bile of SCRHs compared with control. LPV/r significantly increased [3H]TCA cellular accumulation (7.7 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein) compared with vehicle and 5 µM LPV alone (5.1 ± 0.7 and 5.0 ± 0.5 pmol/mg of protein). The [3H]TCA biliary clearance was reduced significantly by LPV and RTV and further reduced by LPV/r. LPV and RTV did not affect the initial uptake rates of [3H]TCA or [14C]CDCA in suspended rat hepatocytes. LPV (50 µM), RTV (5 µM), and LPV/r (5 and 50 µM/5 µM) significantly decreased the accumulation of total measured endogenous bile acids (TCA, glycocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and α/β-tauromuricholic acid) in SCRH. Quantification of endogenous bile acids in SCRH may reveal important adaptive responses associated with exposure to known BSEP inhibitors.
Season and sugar concentration affect bird behaviour at urban sugar-water feeders
Creators: name: Erastova, Daria A.
name: Cain, Kristal E.
name: Galbraith, Josie A.
name: van Heezik, Yolanda
name: Stanley, Margaret C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Sugar-water bird feeding in residential backyards is increasingly popular, but its effects on wildlife are poorly understood. One concern is whether it results in maladaptive behaviour, such as reliance on artificial food or increased aggression due to increased density of visiting individuals. We studied sugar-water feeder-associated bird behaviour in two cities with different climates. We investigate whether season, city, or sugar concentration influenced bird foraging activity and aggressiveness. We then test whether feeder presence affected backyard bird composition. Birds were most aggressive and used sugar-water feeders most actively in winter, especially the omnivorous native tauhou (Zosterops lateralis). We also found city and seasonal differences in sugar-water feeder usage and aggression. Further, in Auckland, the city with the warmer climate, New Zealand’s largest nectarivorous species, tūī (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae), was more likely to be aggressive at feeders with higher sugar concentrations but foraged longer at feeders with lower sugar concentrations. Neither feeder presence nor sugar concentration influenced garden bird species richness or abundance. We discuss the effects of sugar-water feeding on bird behaviour at the global and local scale and suggest future study directions.
Determination of Intracellular Unbound Concentrations and Subcellular Localization of Drugs in Rat Sandwich-Cultured Hepatocytes Compared with Liver Tissue
Creators: name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
name: Yan, G. Z.
name: Harris, K. B.
name: Pfeifer, N. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Prediction of clinical efficacy, toxicity, and drug-drug interactions may be improved by accounting for the intracellular unbound drug concentration (Cunbound) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, subcellular drug distribution may aid in predicting efficacy, toxicity, and risk assessment. The present study was designed to quantify the intracellular Cunbound and subcellular localization of drugs in rat sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) compared with rat isolated perfused liver (IPL) tissue. Probe drugs with distinct mechanisms of hepatocellular uptake and accumulation were selected for investigation. Following drug treatment, SCH and IPL tissues were homogenized and fractionated by differential centrifugation to enrich for subcellular compartments. Binding in crude lysate and cytosol was determined by equilibrium dialysis; the Cunbound and intracellular-to-extracellular Cunbound ratio (Kpu,u) were used to describe accumulation of unbound drug. Total accumulation (Kpobserved) in whole tissue was well predicted by the SCH model (within 2- to 3-fold) for the selected drugs. Ritonavir (Kpu,u ∼1) was evenly distributed among cellular compartments, but highly bound, which explained the observed accumulation within liver tissue. Rosuvastatin was recovered primarily in the cytosolic fraction, but did not exhibit extensive binding, resulting in a Kpu,u >1 in liver tissue and SCH, consistent with efficient hepatic uptake. Despite extensive binding and sequestration of furamidine within liver tissue, a significant portion of cellular accumulation was attributed to unbound drug (Kpu,u >16), as expected for a charged, hepatically derived metabolite. Data demonstrate the utility of SCH to predict quantitatively total tissue accumulation and elucidate mechanisms of hepatocellular drug accumulation such as active uptake versus binding/sequestration.
Hygrobates (Monobates) keralensis Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hygrobatidae
Hygrobates
Hygrobates keralensis

description: Hygrobates (Monobates) keralensis Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Kerala—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Small streams.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
[8 Ansichten von Reims]
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1870

description: [Reims, Cathédrale]
description: [Reims, Prote Romaine]
description: [Reims]
description: [Reims, Cathédrale. Rosace du portail principal]
description: [Reims, Cathédrale Rosace de la façade Est]
description: [Reims, Cathédrale Façade principale]
description: Es handelt sich bei den Fotografien um Albuminabzüge
description: Unbekannte/r Fotograf/in
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation 2024 TIFF
Interaction of Silymarin Flavonolignans with Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptides
Creators: name: Hawke, R. L.
name: Kock, K.
name: Xie, Y.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
name: Oberlies, N. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are multispecific transporters mediating the uptake of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics in tissues that are important for drug absorption and elimination, including the intestine and liver. Silymarin is a popular herbal supplement often used by patients with chronic liver disease; higher oral doses than those customarily used (140 mg three times/day) are being evaluated clinically. The present study examined the effect of silymarin flavonolignans on OATP1B1-, OATP1B3-, and OATP2B1-mediated transport in cell lines stably expressing these transporters and in human hepatocytes. In overexpressing cell lines, OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated estradiol-17β-glucuronide uptake and OATP2B1-mediated estrone-3-sulfate uptake were inhibited by most of the silymarin flavonolignans investigated. OATP1B1-, OATP1B3-, and OATP2B1-mediated substrate transport was inhibited efficiently by silymarin (IC50 values of 1.3, 2.2 and 0.3 µM, respectively), silybin A (IC50 values of 9.7, 2.7 and 4.5 µM, respectively), silybin B (IC50 values of 8.5, 5.0 and 0.8 µM, respectively), and silychristin (IC50 values of 9.0, 36.4, and 3.6 µM, respectively). Furthermore, silymarin, silybin A, and silybin B (100 µM) significantly inhibited OATP-mediated estradiol-17β-glucuronide and rosuvastatin uptake into human hepatocytes. Calculation of the maximal unbound portal vein concentrations/IC50 values indicated a low risk for silymarin-drug interactions in hepatic uptake with a customary silymarin dose. The extent of silymarin-drug interactions depends on OATP isoform specificity and concentrations of flavonolignans at the site of drug transport. Higher than customary doses of silymarin, or formulations with improved bioavailability, may increase the risk of flavonolignan interactions with OATP substrates in patients.
Stability of rubidium molecules in the lowest triplet state
Creators: name: Verhaar, B. J.
name: Kokkelmans, S. J. J. M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments involving ultracold molecules require sufficiently long lifetimes, which can be very short for excited rovibrational states in the molecular potentials. For alkali atoms such as rubidium, a lowest rovibrational molecular state can both be found in the electronic singlet and triplet configurations. The molecular singlet ground state is absolutely stable. However, the lowest triplet state can decay to a deeper bound singlet molecule due to a radiative decay mechanism that involves the interatomic spin-orbit interaction. We investigate this mechanism, and find the lifetime of rubidium molecules in the lowest triplet rovibrational state to be about 21 minutes.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Maharashtracarus phreaticus Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Actinedida
Omartacaridae
Maharashtracarus
Maharashtracarus phreaticus

description: Maharashtracarus phreaticus Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Maharashtra—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974); Pešić & Ranga Reddy (2009).
Habitat: Hyporheic interstitial.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Tracing the Metal-Poor M31 Stellar Halo with Blue Horizontal Branch Stars
Creators: name: Williams, Benjamin F.
name: Dalcanton, Julianne J.
name: Gilbert, Eric F. BellKaroline M.
name: Guhathakurta, Puragra
name: Dorman, Claire
name: Lauer, Tod R.
name: Seth, Anil C.
name: Kalirai, Jason S.
name: Rosenfield, Philip
name: Girardi, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed new HST/ACS and HST/WFC3 imaging in F475W and F814W of two previously-unobserved fields along the M31 minor axis to confirm our previous constraints on the shape of M31's inner stellar halo. Both of these new datasets reach a depth of at least F814W$
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Variational models and numerical algorithms for selective image segmentation
Creators: name: Rada, Lavdie
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: This thesis deals with the numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations and their application in image processing. The differential equations we deal with here arise from the minimization of variational models for image restoration techniques (such as denoising) and recognition of objects techniques (such as segmentation). Image denoising is a technique aimed at restoring a digital image that has been contaminated by noise while segmentation is a fundamental task in image analysis responsible for partitioning an image as sub-regions or representing the image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze such as extracting one or more specific objects of interest in images based on relevant information or a desired feature. Although there has been a lot of research in the restoration of images, the performance of such methods is still poor, especially when the images have a high level of noise or when the algorithms are slow. Task of the segmentation is even more challenging problem due to the difficulty of delineating, even manually, the contours of the objects of interest. The problems are often due to low contrast, fuzzy contours, similar intensities with adjacent objects, or the objects to be extracted having no real contours. The first objective of this work is to develop fast image restoration and segmentation methods which provide better denoising and fast and robust performance for image segmentation. The contribution presented here is the development of a restarted homotopy analysis method which has been designed to be easily adaptable to various types of image processing problems. As a second research objective we propose a framework for image selective segmentation which partitions an image based on the information known in advance of the object/objects to be extracted (for example the left kidney is the target to be extracted in a CT image and the prior knowledge is a few markers in this object of interest). This kind of segmentation appears especially in medical applications. Medical experts usually estimate and manually draw the boundaries of the organ/organs based on their experience. Our aim is to introduce automatic segmentation of the object of interest as a contribution not only to the way doctors and surgeons diagnose and operate but to other fields as well. The proposed methods showed success in segmenting different objects and perform well in different types of images not only in two-dimensional but in three-dimensional images as well.
Invasion, Restoration, and Response: Assessing changes in arthropod community assemblage using both parametric and non-parametric approaches
Creators: name: Cameron, Andrew
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: This lesson, which is based around a recently published paper in the Journal of Ecological Applications, introduces students to both parametric and non-parametric approaches to statistical analysis using R. Key concepts covered include Analysis of Variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's testing, least significant difference post-hoc testing, and the Shannon Diversity Index. In addition to providing a detailed guide to these quantitative approaches, the lesson includes environmental background context and a section on the art of data wrangling to prepare raw data for analysis. The entire lesson is R-based, meaning that all parts of the lesson are intended to be viewed in RStudio, or some other Integrated Development Environment.
Sorafenib Hepatobiliary Disposition: Mechanisms of Hepatic Uptake and Disposition of Generated Metabolites
Creators: name: Proctor, W. R.
name: Thakker, D. R.
name: Gnoth, M. J.
name: Han, T.
name: Swift, B.
name: Lee, J. K.
name: Radtke, M.
name: Lang, D.
name: Nebot, N.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Sorafenib is an orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was designed to establish whether transport proteins are involved in the hepatic uptake of sorafenib and to determine the extent of biliary excretion of sorafenib and its metabolites in human hepatocytes. Initial uptake was assessed in freshly isolated, suspended human hepatocytes in the presence of inhibitors and modulators. [14C]Sorafenib (1 µM) uptake at 4°C was reduced by about 61–63% of the uptake at 37°C, suggesting a high degree of passive diffusion. Hepatocyte uptake of [14C]sorafenib was not Na+ dependent or influenced by the organic anion transporter 2 inhibitor ketoprofen. However, initial [14C]sorafenib hepatocyte uptake was reduced by 46 and 30% compared with control values in the presence of the organic anion transporting polypeptide inhibitor rifamycin SV and the organic cation transporter (OCT) inhibitor decynium 22, respectively. [14C]Sorafenib (0.5–5 µM) uptake was significantly higher in hOCT1-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells compared with mock cells, and inhibited by the general OCT inhibitor, 1-methyl-4-phenylpryidinium. OCT1-mediated uptake was saturable with a Michaelis-Menten constant of 3.80 ± 2.53 µM and a Vmax of 116 ± 42 pmol/mg/min. The biliary excretion index and in vitro biliary clearance of sorafenib (1 µM) in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes were low (∼11% and 11 ml/min/kg, respectively). Results suggest that sorafenib uptake in human hepatocytes occurs via passive diffusion, by OCT1, and by organic anion transporting polypeptide(s). Sorafenib undergoes modest biliary excretion, predominantly as a glucuronide conjugate(s).
[4 Ansichten der Kathedrale von Saint-Denis]
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1870

description: 101 Abbaye de Saint-Denis - Façade de l'Église (XIIe siècle)
description: 412 Abbaye de Saint-Denis, Intérieur de l'Église - Le Pourtour du Chevet
description: 405 Abbaye de Saint-Denis. Tombeau de François 1er et de Claude de France par Philibert de L'Orme (XVIe Siècle)
description: 409 Abbaye de Saint-Denis - Chapelle funérire de Dagobert 1er (XIIIe siècle)
description: Es handelt sich bei den Fotografien um Albuminabzüge
description: Fotograf kann nicht näher indentifiziert werden
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation 2024 TIFF
Kohn-Sham Kinetic Energy Density in the Nuclear and Asymptotic Regions: Deviations from the Von Weizsäcker Behavior and Applications to Density Functionals
Creators: name: Della Sala, F.
name: Fabiano, E.
name: Constantin, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Kohn-Sham positive-definite kinetic energy (KE) density significantly differs from the von Weizsäcker (VW) one at the nuclear cusp as well as in the asymptotic region. At the nuclear cusp, the VW functional is shown to be linear and the contribution of p-type orbitals to the KE density is theoretically derived and numerically demonstrated in the limit of infinite nuclear charge, as well in the semiclassical limit of neutral large atoms. In the latter case, it reaches 12 of the KE density. In the asymptotic region we find new exact constraints for meta Generalized Gradient Approximation (meta-GGA) exchange functionals: with an exchange enhancement factor proportional to $\sqrtα$, where $α$ is the common meta-GGA ingredient, both the exchange energy density and the potential are proportional to the exact ones. In addition, this describes exactly the large-gradient limit of quasi-two dimensional systems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Nest predation in Patagonian wetlands: predator assemblage and microhabitat characteristics
Creators: name: Vazquez, M. Soledad
name: Amico, G. C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Multiple factors influence predation risk, ranging from habitat conditions to the composition and behaviour of predators. Although these factors are well documented for forest ecosystems, there is little evidence for wetlands, especially within Patagonia. Using artificial nests and camera traps, we documented the nest predation rates and predator assemblage of birds nesting in wetlands of the Patagonian steppe. We also determined the effect of vegetation cover on nest survival and studied the variation in predator groups according to nest placement: nests located in an open wetland, peripheral grassland to the wetland, and nests located in shrubs at different heights. We found 84% of nests failed, counting birds, mice, and armadillos as the main predators. Vegetation cover affected predation events of birds and small mammals, but not those of larger mammals. In turn, small mammals preyed on nests exclusively located in peripheral grassland, medium mammals preferred nests placed in open wetlands, and predation by birds was irrespective of open wetlands and grassland. We also found differences in nest predator assemblage between nests placed on the ground and in shrubs, with birds being the main predators of nests located above ground. These results can be attributed to differential habitat use and movement patterns specific to each predator group. Therefore, the identity, density, and behaviour of predators should be taken into account when planning conservation strategies for birds breeding in wetlands.
Targeted Precise Quantification of 12 Human Recombinant Uridine-Diphosphate Glucuronosyl Transferase 1A and 2B Isoforms Using Nano-Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Selected Reaction Monitoring
Creators: name: Goosen, T. C.
name: Fallon, J. K.
name: Neubert, H.
name: Smith, P. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Quantification methods employing stable isotope-labeled peptide standards and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry are increasingly being used to measure enzyme amounts in biologic samples. Isoform concentrations, combined with catalytic information, can be used in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies to improve accuracy of in vitro/in vivo predictions. We quantified isoforms of uridine-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A and 2B in 12 commercially available recombinant UGTs (recUGTs) (n = 49 samples) using nano-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring). Samples were trypsin-digested and analyzed using our previously published method. Two MRMs were collected per peptide and averaged. Where available, at least two peptides were measured per UGT isoform. The assay could detect UGTs in all recombinant preparations: recUGTs 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2B4, 2B7, 2B15, and 2B17, with limit of detection below 1.0 pmol/mg protein for all isoforms. The assay had excellent linearity in the range observed (2–15.5 pmol/mg, after dilution). Examples of concentrations determined were 1465, 537, 538, 944, 865, 698, 604, 791, 382, 1149, 307, and 740 pmol/mg protein for the respective isoforms. There was a 6.9-fold difference between the maximum and minimum recUGT concentrations. The range of concentrations determined indicates that catalytic rates per mg total protein in vitro will not accurately reflect isoform inherent specific activity for a particular drug candidate. This is the first report of a targeted precise quantification of commercially available recUGTs. The assay has potential for use in comparing UGT amounts with catalytic activity determined using probe substrates, thus allowing representation of catalysis as per pmol of UGT isoform.
Non-breeding behaviour in the Brown Skua (Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi): insights from modelling moulting patterns and stable isotope analyses
Creators: name: Schultz, Hendrik
name: Battley, Phil F.
name: Bury, Sarah J.
name: Chang, Kevin
name: Ismar-Rebitz, Stefanie M. H.
name: Gaskett, Anne C.
name: Dennis, Todd E.
name: Hohnhold, Rebecca J.
name: Taylor, Graeme A.
name: Scofield, R. Paul
name: Rayner, Matt J.
name: Tennyson, Alan J. D.
name: Hemmings, Alan D.
name: Millar, Craig D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Long-term changes in the life history and behaviour of seabirds during the non-breeding season can reflect shifts in environmental conditions. However, long-term marine studies are scarce, particularly on southern hemisphere seabirds. Here, we used moult scores from 86 Brown Skuas (Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi), a large predatory seabird breeding on the Chatham Islands, Aotearoa/New Zealand to model both the timing and duration of primary feather moult. In addition, we analysed stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) from 62 modern (2014–16) and ten museum tail feathers. These data provide insights into the non-breeding behaviour of Brown Skua. Interestingly, our results show that the primary feather moult occurred prior to birds departing the colony, starting on average on 2 January ± 5 days (SE). The average start of primary feather moult occurred five days prior to the end of breeding (7 January ± 10 days (SD)) and 42 days before the birds departed the colony (13 February ± 11 days (SD)). The average duration of primary feather moult was 189 ± 14 days (SE). Importantly, low δ13C values in four females suggested that tail feather moult might also occur while skuas are at the colony. There was no difference in tail feather δ13C and δ15N values between any pairwise comparison of modern and museum years. However, values of δ15N from tail feathers sampled in 2014 were different from those sampled in 2015 and 2016. This large annual variation in δ15N values from tail feathers over such a short period makes long-term comparisons difficult to interpret, particularly between years with low sample sizes. While the stable isotope analyses of tail feathers are informative, we recommend future studies of skuas sample the primary coverts rather than tail feathers.
[3 Ansichten von Vaucluse]
Creators: name: Isnard
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1870

description: [Cascade de la fontains de Vaucluse]
description: [Grotte de la fontaine de Vaucluse]
description: [Châteu de Pélarque à Vaucluse]
description: Photographie Artistique Isnard
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation 2024 TIFF
Piona catatama Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Pionidae
Piona
Piona catatama

description: Piona catatama Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Karnataka, Kerala—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Ponds.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Two-loop renormalization of multiflavor $ϕ^3$ theory in six dimensions and the trace anomaly
Creators: name: Grinstein, Benjamin
name: Stergiou, Andreas
name: Stone, David
name: Zhong, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the background-field method and the heat kernel to obtain all counterterms to two-loop order of conformally-coupled multiflavor $ϕ^3$ theory in six spacetime dimensions, defined in curved spacetime and with spacetime-dependent couplings. We also include spacetime-dependent mass terms for completeness. We use these results to write a general expression for the trace anomaly. With the use of Weyl consistency conditions we are able to show that the strong $a$-theorem for a certain natural candidate quantity $\tilde{a}$ is violated in this theory, and obtain a three-loop expression for the coefficient $a$ of the Euler term in the anomaly.
description: 31 pages. v2: Equation (4.16) corrected. The discussion in sections 3 and 6 contains errors that have been addressed in arXiv:1604.01782
Piona dadayi Piersig 1900
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Pionidae
Piona
Piona dadayi

description: Piona dadayi (Piersig, 1900)
Records from the study area: Karnataka—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Remarks: Lundblad (1969) did not feel certain about the locality of his specimens, they were either from Calcutta (West Bengal) or Colombo (Sri Lanka).
Habitat: Ponds.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Burma.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
The Influence of Sex, Ethnicity, and CYP2B6 Genotype on Bupropion Metabolism as an Index of Hepatic CYP2B6 Activity in Humans
Creators: name: Hawke, R. L.
name: Kashuba, A. D. M.
name: Hull, J. H.
name: Thirumaran, R. K.
name: Schuetz, E. G.
name: Chen, M.-L.
name: Ilic, K.
name: Stewart, P. W.
name: Lindley, C. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The effects of sex, ethnicity, and genetic polymorphism on hepatic CYP2B6 (cytochrome P450 2B6) expression and activity were previously demonstrated in vitro. Race/ethnic differences in CYP2B6 genotype and phenotype were observed only in women. To identify important covariates associated with interindividual variation in CYP2B6 activity in vivo, we evaluated these effects in healthy volunteers using bupropion (Wellbutrin SR GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC) as a CYP2B6 probe substrate. A fixed 150-mg oral sustained-release dose of bupropion was administered to 100 healthy volunteers comprising four sex/ethnicity cohorts (n = 25 each): Caucasian men and Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic women. Blood samples were obtained at 0 and 6 hours postdose for the measurement of serum bupropion (BU) and hydroxybupropion (HB) concentrations. Whole blood was obtained at baseline for CYP2B6 genotyping. To characterize the relationship between CYP2B6 activity and ethnicity, sex, and genotype when accounting for serum BU concentrations (dose-adjusted log10-transformed), analysis of covariance model was fitted in which the dependent variable was CYP2B6 activity represented as the log10-transformed, metabolic ratio of HB to BU concentrations. Several CYP2B6 polymorphisms were associated with CYP2B6 activity. Evidence of dependence of CYP2B6 activity on ethnicity or genotype-by-ethnicity interactions was not detected in women. These results suggest that CYP2B6 genotype is the most important patient variable for predicting the level of CYP2B6 activity in women, when measured by the metabolism of bupropion. The bupropion metabolic ratio appears to detect known differences in CYP2B6 activity associated with genetic polymorphism, across different ethnic groups. Prospective studies will be needed to validate the use of bupropion as a probe substrate for clinical use.
Ectopic orbital brain tissue: a case report with radiographic and clinical review
Creators: name: Magazin, Maja
name: Eckel, Laurence J.
name: Bhatti, M. Tariq
name: Tooley, Andrea A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Cancer
Virology

description: Orbital heterotopic brain tissue is a rare entity with heterogenous clinical features requiring a multi-faceted diagnostic approach. The authors present a case of ectopic orbital brain tissue in an infant with a comprehensive literature review to highlight the radiographic findings of these lesions. Imaging findings are variable but describe well-circumscribed homogenous lesions with variable enhancement, without communication intracranially. The combination of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can identify associated bony abnormalities, lesion-specific features, and effects on surrounding structures, which in combination with the clinical exam can be a valuable diagnostic and surveillance tool. Although ectopic orbital brain tumors are benign with excellent outcomes following complete resection, conservative management with observation and serial imaging may be an alternative method of management in patients with mild, non-vision threatening, non-distorting tumors.
[22 Ansichten von Ravenna]
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1870

description: No 1030 Ravenna - Chiesa die S. Romualdo in classe Traforo Bizantino
description: NO 10315 Ravenna - Museo di classe Frammenti di una Curazza d'Oro (Lavoro Bizantino]
description: [Detail Kapitell San Vitale Ravenna]
description: No 10310 Ravenna - Confraternita di S. Giustina [...]
description: No 10215 Ravenna - Accademia di Belle [...]
description: [Detail San Vitale Ravenna]
description: No 10337 Ravenna. Interno della Toma die Dante Alighieri
description: [Ravenna. Grabmahl des Gallo Placidio]
description: No 10240 Ravenna [...]
description: Ravenna, Chiesa di S. Romualdo [...]
description: [Ravenna. Inneres von San Apollinaro muovo]
description: [Ravenna. Inneres von San Apollinaro in Classe]
description: [Ravenna. San Apollinaro muovo]
description: [Ravenna. San Apollinaro in Classe]
description: [Ravenna]
description: [Palast des Theoderich in Ravenna]
description: Es handelt sich bei den Aufnahmen um Albuminabzüge
description: Unbekannt/r Fotograf/in
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation 2024 TIFF
The Role of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in the Formation of 2-Hydroxymetronidazole: CYP2A6 is the High Affinity (Low Km) Catalyst
Creators: name: Pearce, R. E.
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, M.
name: Kearns, G. L.
name: Sampson, M. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Despite metronidazole’s widespread clinical use since the 1960s, the specific enzymes involved in its biotransformation have not been previously identified. Hence, in vitro studies were conducted to identify and characterize the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the formation of the major metabolite, 2-hydroxymetronidazole. Formation of 2-hydroxymetronidazole in human liver microsomes was consistent with biphasic, Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Although several cDNA-expressed P450 enzymes catalyzed 2-hydroxymetronidazole formation at a supratherapeutic concentration of metronidazole (2000 μM), at a “therapeutic concentration” of 100 μM only CYPs 2A6, 3A4, 3A5, and 3A7 catalyzed metronidazole 2-hydroxylation at rates substantially greater than control vector, and CYP2A6 catalyzed 2-hydroxymetronidazole formation at rates 6-fold higher than the next most active enzyme. Kinetic studies with these recombinant enzymes revealed that CYP2A6 has a Km = 289 μM which is comparable to the Km for the high-affinity (low-Km) enzyme in human liver microsomes, whereas the Km values for the CYP3A enzymes corresponded with the low-affinity (high-Km) component. The sample-to-sample variation in 2-hydroxymetronidazole formation correlated significantly with CYP2A6 activity (r ≥ 0.970, P < 0.001) at substrate concentrations of 100 and 300 μM. Selective chemical inhibitors of CYP2A6 inhibited metronidazole 2-hydroxylation in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibitory antibodies against CYP2A6 virtually eliminated metronidazole 2-hydroxylation (>99%). Chemical and antibody inhibitors of other P450 enzymes had little or no effect on metronidazole 2-hydroxylation. These results suggest that CYP2A6 is the primary catalyst responsible for the 2-hydroxylation of metronidazole, a reaction that may function as a marker of CYP2A6 activity both in vitro and in vivo.
Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma Involving the Orbit – A Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature
Creators: name: Saxena, Surabhi
name: Koka, Kirthi
name: Scott, Julius Xavier
name: Mukherjee, Bipasha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive, rapidly growing B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma found predominantly in children and has three clinical subtypes. The sporadic subtype, seen in non-endemic areas, typically presents as an abdominal mass. Primary orbital involvement is rarely reported. We report two cases of sporadic orbital BL manifesting as unilateral rapidly progressive proptosis with orbit being the initial site of presentation. Following an incision biopsy, BL was confirmed on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Both patients demonstrated a remarkable improvement with systemic chemotherapy. Burkitt lymphomas grow rapidly with the potential for vision loss. Albeit rare, clinicians should be aware of this entity as timely diagnosis and initiation with chemotherapy display a dramatic response.
Visual recovery after unilateral optic nerve sheath fenestration for pseudotumor cerebri syndrome
Creators: name: Dai, Yi Ling
name: Ramsey, David J.
name: Athappilly, Geetha K.
name: Tucker, Susan M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: To evaluate the effect of optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) on the rate of visual function improvement in patients with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS). Retrospective chart review of patients with PTCS who underwent ONSF between 1998 and 2017. Visual function was evaluated by evaluating visual field (VF), mean deviation (MD), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, papilledema grade, and visual acuity (VA) prior to and after ONSF. Seventeen female patients aged 17 to 36 years underwent unilateral ONSF. Follow-up averaged 40.1 months. VF MD improved steadily in both eyes up to 12 months. Average RNFL thickness improved in the operated eye from 347 ± 166 mm to 92 ± 27 mm (p < .001) and the non-operated eyes from 306 ± 165 mm to 109 ± 46 mm (p < .001). The grade of papilledema improved in the operated eye from 3.3 ± 1.3 to 0.3 ± 0.7 and the non-operated eye from 3.0 ± 1.6 to 0.18 ± 0.4. There was an exponential rate of improvement in papilledema and RNFL thickness, with the greatest improvement occurring within the first 30 days. Average visual acuity remained intact in both eyes before and after surgery. ONSF in appropriately selected patients leads to rapid improvement in papilledema and a steady recovery in VF.
title: Managing France's regional languages: language policy in bilingual primary education in Alsace
Creators: name: Harrison, Michelle
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: The introduction of regional language bilingual education in France dates back to the late 1960s in the private education system and to the 1980s in the public system. Before this time the extensive use of regional languages was forbidden in French schools, which served as ‘local centres for the gallicisation of France’ (Blackwood 2008, 28). France began to pursue a French-only language policy from the time of the 1789 Revolution, with Jacobin ideology proposing that to be French, one must speak French. Thus began the shaping of France into a nation-state. As the result of the official language policy that imposed French in all public domains, as well as extra-linguistic factors such as the Industrial Revolution and the two World Wars, a significant language shift occurred in France during the twentieth century, as an increasing number of parents chose not to pass on their regional language to the next generation. In light of the decline in intergenerational transmission of the regional languages, Judge (2007, 233) concludes that ‘in the short term, everything depends on education in the [regional languages]’. This thesis analyses the development of language policy in bilingual education programmes in Alsace; Spolsky’s tripartite language policy model (2004), which focuses on language management, language practices and language beliefs, will be employed. In spite of the efforts of the State to impose the French language, in Alsace the traditionally non-standard spoken regional language variety, Alsatian, continued to be used widely until the mid-twentieth century. Whilst Alsatian has been spoken, the traditional language of writing and reference has been standard German. Today Alsace is a region of north eastern France, but it has existed under the political control of Germany for prolonged periods of time in the past, changing hands between the two countries five times between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Since the mid-twentieth century a significant language shift away from Alsatian has occurred in the region, with estimates that over 90% spoke the language variety in 1946 in comparison with only 43% of the population in 2012 (OLCA 2012a). Regional language bilingual education programmes were introduced in Alsace in the early 1990s in the private and public education systems. In both systems the language-in-education policy supported has primarily promoted the learning of and through French and standard German. The case study that forms the central part of the thesis seeks to examine current language policy in practice. It will analyse the place of Alsatian in the modern regional language bilingual classroom and examine the language beliefs of the key actors in the bilingual education programmes (namely parents, teachers and policy-makers at regional level). Finally, it will discuss what this means for efforts to reverse the language shift in twenty-first-century Alsace.
JITSUVAX WP1 - HCP perceived difficulty of rebutting anti-vaccination arguments
Creators: name: Lewandowsky, Stephan
name: Fasce, Angelo
name: Holford, Dawn Liu
name: Schmid, Philipp
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Health Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This pre-registration is part of a larger international study of HCPs that includes other variables and questions about vaccines. Methods for the data collection in each of the five countries involved (UK, Germany, France, Portugal, Finland) are pre-registered in separate documentation prior to data collection. This pre-registration deals specifically with planned analyses for one DV in the data (HCP's perception of the difficulty to rebut anti-vaccination arguments.)