cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength study of Cygnus A II. X-ray inverse-Compton emission from a relic counterjet and implications for jet duty-cycles
Creators: name: Steenbrugge, K. C.
name: Blundell, K. M.
name: Duffy, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The duty-cycle of powerful radio galaxies and quasars such as the prototype Cygnus A is poorly understood. X-ray observations of inverse-Compton scattered Cosmic Microwave Background (ICCMB) photons probe lower Lorentz-factor particles than radio observations of synchrotron emission. Comparative studies of the nearer and further lobes, separated by many 10s of kpc and thus 10s of thousands of years in light-travel time, yield additional temporal resolution in studies of the lifecycles. We have co-added all archival Chandra ACIS-I data and present a deep 200 ks image of Cygnus A. This deep image reveals the presence of X-ray emission from a counterjet i.e. a jet receding from Earth and related to a previous episode of jet activity. The non-thermal X-ray emission, we interpret as ICCMB radiation. There is an absence of any discernible X-ray emission associated with a jet flowing towards Earth. We conclude that: (1) The emission from a relic jet, indicates a previous episode of jet activity, that took place earlier than the current jet activity appearing as synchrotron radio emission. (2) The presence of X-ray emission from a relic counterjet of Cygnus A and the absence of X-ray emission associated with any relic approaching jet constrains the timescale between successive episodes of jet activity to ~10^6 years. (3) Transverse expansion of the jet causes expansion losses which shifts the energy distribution to lower energies. (4) Assuming the electrons cooled due to adiabatic expansion, the required magnetic field strength is substantially smaller than the equipartition magnetic field strength. (5) A high minimum Lorentz factor for the distribution of relativistic particles in the current jet, of a few 10^3, is ejected from the central nucleus of this active galaxy. Abridged.
description: Accepted for publication by MNRAS, 8 pages Dates in Table 1 corrected
Anisotropic magneto-optical absorption and linear dichroism in two-dimensional semi-Dirac electron systems
Creators: name: Zhou, Xiaoying
name: Chen, Wang
name: Zhu, Xianzhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study on the Landau levels (LLs) and magneto-optical absorption of a two-dimensional semi-Dirac electron system under a perpendicular magnetic field. Based on an effective k.p Hamiltonian, we find that the LLs are proportional to the two-thirds power law of the magnetic field and level index, which can be understood as a hybridization of the LL of Schrodinger and Dirac electrons with new features. With the help of Kubo formula, we find the selection rule for interband (intraband) magneto-optical transition is anisotropic (isotropic). Specifically, the selection rules for interband magneto-optical transitions are $Δn$=0, $\pm2$ ($\pm2$, $\pm4$) for linearly polarized light along the linear (parabolic) dispersion direction, while the selection rules for the intraband transition are $Δn$=$\pm1$, $\pm3$ regardless of the polarization direction of the light. Further, the magneto-optical conductivity for interband (intraband) transition excited by linearly polarized light along the linear dispersion direction is two (one) orders of magnitude larger than that along the parabolic dispersion direction. This anisotropic magneto-optical absorption spectrum clearly reflects the structure of the LLs, and results in a strong linear dichroism. Importantly, a perfect linear dichroism with magnetic-field tunable wavelength can be achieved by using the interband transition between the two lowest LLs, i.e, from Ev0 to Ec0. Our results shed light on the magneto-optical property of the two dimensional semi-Dirac electron systems and pave the way to design magnetically controlled optical devices.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Semi-classical central charge in topologically massive gravity
Creators: name: Compère, Geoffrey
name: Detournay, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the warped black holes geometries discussed recently in 0807.3040 admit an algebra of asymptotic symmetries isomorphic to the semi-direct product of a Virasoro algebra and an algebra of currents. The realization of this asymptotic symmetry by canonical charges allows one to find the central charge of the Virasoro algebra. The right-moving central charge $c_R = \frac{(5\hatν^2+3)l}{G\hatν (\hatν^2+3)}$ is obtained when the Virasoro generators are normalized in order to have a positive zero mode spectrum for the warped black holes. The current algebra is also shown to be centrally-extended.
description: major sign mistake in the central charge corrected. Conclusion adapted. Minor typos corrected
Constituency Development Funds and Electoral Politics in Solomon Islands: Part One
Creators: name: Wiltshire, Colin
name: Batley, James
name: Ridolfi, Joanne
name: Rogers, Athena
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: Dept. of Pacific Affairs, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University
Year: 2020

description: The ANU Department of Pacific Affairs ran a large-scale election observation exercise in Solomon Islands prior to, during and following national elections held on 3 April 2019. Observations were conducted in 15 of Solomon Islands’ 50 constituencies by 90 observers, 77 of whom were Solomon Islanders. The research comprised direct election observations and almost 5000 citizen surveys. This In Brief is the first in a two-part series highlighting key findings that draw on data canvassed in our final election observation report. An important component of our election observation research was to explore how constituency development funds (CDFs) impact voter behaviour, especially in terms of how political support is acquired and maintained by incumbent members of parliament (MPs). We discuss our findings across two In Briefs: in Part 1 we present some of our findings on voters’ experiences with CDFs as well as their perceptions of how CDFs are spent. Part 2 discusses implications of CDFs for electoral politics in Solomon Islands.
Myopic Bike and Say Hi: Games for Empathizing with The Myopic
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
name: Tang, Xiaohang
name: Tong, Xin
name: Patibanda, Rakesh
name: Mueller, Florian 'Floyd'
name: Liang, Hai-Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Myopia is an eye condition that makes it difficult for people to focus on faraway objects. It has become one of the most serious eye conditions worldwide and negatively impacts the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Although myopia is prevalent, many non-myopic people have misconceptions about it and encounter challenges empathizing with myopia situations and those who suffer from it. In this research, we developed two virtual reality (VR) games, (1) Myopic Bike and (2) Say Hi, to provide a means for the non-myopic population to experience the frustration and difficulties of myopic people. Our two games simulate two inconvenient daily life scenarios (riding a bicycle and greeting someone on the street) that myopic people encounter when not wearing glasses. We evaluated four participants' game experiences through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Overall, our two VR games can create an engaging and non-judgmental experience for the non-myopic population to better understand and empathize with those who suffer from myopia.
description: 7 pages, CHI PLAY 2021
Non-perturbative embedding of local defects in crystalline materials
Creators: name: Cances, Eric
name: Deleurence, Amelie
name: Lewin, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new variational model for computing the electronic first-order density matrix of a crystalline material in presence of a local defect. A natural way to obtain variational discretizations of this model is to expand the difference Q between the density matrix of the defective crystal and the density matrix of the perfect crystal, in a basis of precomputed maximally localized Wannier functions of the reference perfect crystal. This approach can be used within any semi-empirical or Density Functional Theory framework.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Constituency Development Funds and Electoral Politics in Solomon Islands: Part Two
Creators: name: Wiltshire, Colin
name: Batley, James
name: Ridolfi, Joanne
name: Rogers, Athena
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: Dept. of Pacific Affairs, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University
Year: 2020

description: The ANU Department of Pacific Affairs ran a large-scale election observation exercise in Solomon Islands prior to, during and following national elections held on 3 April 2019. Observations were conducted in 15 of Solomon Islands’ 50 constituencies by 90 observers, 77 of whom were Solomon Islanders. The research comprised direct election observations and almost 5000 citizen surveys. This In Brief is the second in a two-part series highlighting key findings that draw on data canvassed in our final election observation report.
Predicting the cosmological constant with the scale-factor cutoff measure
Creators: name: De Simone, Andrea
name: Guth, Alan H.
name: Salem, Michael P.
name: Vilenkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that anthropic selection from a landscape with a flat prior distribution of cosmological constant Lambda gives a reasonable fit to observation. However, a realistic model of the multiverse has a physical volume that diverges with time, and the predicted distribution of Lambda depends on how the spacetime volume is regulated. We study a simple model of the multiverse with probabilities regulated by a scale-factor cutoff, and calculate the resulting distribution, considering both positive and negative values of Lambda. The results are in good agreement with observation. In particular, the scale-factor cutoff strongly suppresses the probability for values of Lambda that are more than about ten times the observed value. We also discuss several qualitative features of the scale-factor cutoff, including aspects of the distributions of the curvature parameter Omega and the primordial density contrast Q.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 appendices
Diffuse Galactic light at high Galactic latitude: nature and interpretation
Creators: name: Zagury, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypothesis of an extended red emission (ERE) in diffuse Galactic light (DGL) has been put forward in 1998 by Gordon, Witt and Friedmann who found that scattered starlight was not enough to explain the amount of DGL in the R band, in some high Galactic latitude directions. This paper re-investigates, for high Galactic latitudes, the brightnesses and colours of DGL, integrated star and galaxy light (ISGL), and of the total extrasolar light (ISGL+DGL) measured by Pioneer. Under the traditional assumption that DGL is forward scattering of background starlight by interstellar dust on the line of sight, ISGL and Pioneer have very close colours, as it is found by Gordon, Witt and Friedmann. Pioneer observations at high |b| thus accept an alternative and simple interpretation, with no involvement of ERE in DGL.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Parallel Architectures for Many-Core Systems-On-Chip in Deep Sub-Micron Technology
Creators: name: Bortolotti, Daniele <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: ING-INF/01 Elettronica

description: Despite the several issues faced in the past, the evolutionary trend of silicon has kept its constant pace. Today an ever increasing number of cores is integrated onto the same die. Unfortunately, the extraordinary performance achievable by the many-core paradigm is limited by several factors. Memory bandwidth limitation, combined with inefficient synchronization mechanisms, can severely overcome the potential computation capabilities. Moreover, the huge HW/SW design space requires accurate and flexible tools to perform architectural explorations and validation of design choices.
In this thesis we focus on the aforementioned aspects: a flexible and accurate Virtual Platform has been developed, targeting a reference many-core architecture. Such tool has been used to perform architectural explorations, focusing on instruction caching architecture and hybrid HW/SW synchronization mechanism. Beside architectural implications, another issue of embedded systems is considered: energy efficiency. Near Threshold Computing is a key research area in the Ultra-Low-Power domain, as it promises a tenfold improvement in energy efficiency compared to super-threshold operation and it mitigates thermal bottlenecks. The physical implications of modern deep sub-micron technology are severely limiting performance and reliability of modern designs. Reliability becomes a major obstacle when operating in NTC, especially memory operation becomes unreliable and can compromise system correctness. In the present work a novel hybrid memory architecture is devised to overcome reliability issues and at the same time improve energy efficiency by means of aggressive voltage scaling when allowed by workload requirements. Variability is another great drawback of near-threshold operation. The greatly increased sensitivity to threshold voltage variations in today a major concern for electronic devices. We introduce a variation-tolerant extension of the baseline many-core architecture. By means of micro-architectural knobs and a lightweight runtime control unit, the baseline architecture becomes dynamically tolerant to variations.
Supersymmetric Gödel and warped black holes in string theory
Creators: name: Compère, Geoffrey
name: Detournay, Stéphane
name: Romo, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is observed that three-dimensional Gödel black holes can be promoted to exact string theory backgrounds through an orbifold of an hyperbolic asymmetric marginal deformation of the SL(2,R) WZW model. Tachyons are found in the spectrum of long strings. Uplifting these solutions in type IIB supergravity, extremal black holes are shown to preserve one supersymmetry in accordance with the BTZ limit. We also make connections with some recently discussed warped black hole solutions of topologically massive gravity, showing that they actually correspond to quotients of spacelike squashed AdS_3.
description: 15 pages
Cosmic filaments delay quenching inside clusters
Creators: name: Kotecha, S.
name: Welker, C.
name: Zhou, Z.
name: Wadsley, J.
name: Kraljic, K.
name: Sorce, J.
name: Rasia, E.
name: Roberts, I.
name: Gray, M.
name: Yepes, G.
name: Cui, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how large-scale cosmic filaments impact the quenching of galaxies within one virial radius of 324 simulated clusters from The Three Hundred project. We track cosmic filaments with the versatile, observation-friendly program DisPerSE and identify halos hosting galaxies with VELOCIRaptor. We find that cluster galaxies close to filaments tend to be more star-forming, bluer, and contain more cold gas than their counterparts further away from filaments. This effect is recovered at all stellar masses. This is in stark contrast with galaxies residing outside of clusters, where galaxies close to filaments show clear signs of density related pre-processing. We first show that the density contrast of filaments is reduced inside the intra-cluster medium. Moreover, examination of flows around and into cluster galaxies shows that the gas flows in intra-cluster filaments are colder and tend to stream along with galaxies in their midst, partially shielding them from strangulation by the hot, dense intra-cluster medium. This also preserves accretion onto satellites and limit ram pressure.
description: 20 pages, 21 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Solar-like oscillations in the metal-poor subgiant nu Indi: II. Acoustic spectrum and mode lifetime
Creators: name: Carrier, F.
name: Kjeldsen, H.
name: Bedding, T. R.
name: Brewer, B. J.
name: Butler, R. P.
name: Eggenberger, P.
name: Grundahl, F.
name: McCarthy, C.
name: Retter, A.
name: Tinney, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Convection in stars excites resonant acoustic waves which depend on the sound speed inside the star, which in turn depends on properties of the stellar interior. Therefore, asteroseismology is an unrivaled method to probe the internal structure of a star. We made a seismic study of the metal-poor subgiant star nu Indi with the goal of constraining its interior structure. Our study is based on a time series of 1201 radial velocity measurements spread over 14 nights obtained from two sites, Siding Spring Observatory in Australia and ESO La Silla Observatory in Chile. The power spectrum of the high precision velocity time series clearly presents several identifiable peaks between 200 and 500 uHz showing regularity with a large and small spacing of 25.14 +- 0.09 uHz and 2.96 +- 0.22 uHz at 330 uHz. Thirteen individual modes have been identified with amplitudes in the range 53 to 173 cm/s. The mode damping time is estimated to be about 16 days (1-sigma range between 9 and 50 days), substantially longer than in other stars like the Sun, the alpha Cen system or the giant xi Hya.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, A&A accepted
Carbon monoxide line emission as a CMB foreground: tomography of the star-forming universe with different spectral resolutions
Creators: name: Righi, Mattia
name: Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos
name: Sunyaev, Rashid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rotational lines of carbon monoxide and the fine structure lines of CII and of the most abundant metals, emitted during the epoch of enhanced star formation in the universe, are redshifted in the frequency channels where the present-day and future CMB experiments are sensitive. We estimate the contribution to the CMB angular power spectrum by the emission in such lines in merging star-forming galaxies. We used the Lacey-Cole approach to characterize the distribution of the merging halos, together with a parametrization for the star formation rate in each of them. Using observational data from a sample of local, low-redshift, and high-redshift objects, we calibrated the luminosity in each line as a function of the star formation rate. We show that the correlation term arising from CO line emission is a significant source of foreground for CMB in a broad range of frequencies (in particular in the 20-60 GHz band) and for 1000
description: 16 pages, 12 figures. Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Monitoring and Assessment of Residential Exposure to Noise Associated with Natural Gas Compressor Stations in West Virginia
Creators: name: Boyle, Meleah
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental health
subject: Compressor Stations
subject: Natural Gas
subject: Noise

description: Noise is a growing concern for residents living near natural gas compressor stations. This study monitored and evaluated residential noise exposure associated with living near natural gas compressor stations in West Virginia. Short-term outdoor measurements (20 min) and medium-term (24-hour) indoor and outdoor measurements were collected at homes located near compressor stations. The average sound equivalent was calculated using logarithmic averages and stratified by distance from compressor station, time of day, and location. Average short-term noise levels were 61.43 dBA (45.3 to 76.1 dBA); average 24-hour noise levels were 60.20 dBA (35.3 to 94.8 dBA). Average noise levels at control homes were 51.40 dBA, with 45.02 dBA indoors and 54.03 dBA outdoors. Average noise levels at  homes near compressor stations were 8.7 dBA higher, with a 16.25 dBA difference indoors and a 4.3 dBA difference outdoors. Results indicate that living near a natural gas compressor station may increase environmental noise exposure.
The Paradox of Second-Order Homophily in Networks
Creators: name: Evtushenko, Anna
name: Kleinberg, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Homophily -- the tendency of nodes to connect to others of the same type -- is a central issue in the study of networks. Here we take a local view of homophily, defining notions of first-order homophily of a node (its individual tendency to link to similar others) and second-order homophily of a node (the aggregate first-order homophily of its neighbors). Through this view, we find a surprising result for homophily values that applies with only minimal assumptions on the graph topology. It can be phrased most simply as "in a graph of red and blue nodes, red friends of red nodes are on average more homophilous than red friends of blue nodes." This gap in averages defies simple intuitive explanations, applies to globally heterophilous and homophilous networks and is reminiscent of but structurally distinct from the Friendship Paradox. The existence of this gap suggests intrinsic biases in homophily measurements between groups, and hence is relevant to empirical studies of homophily in networks.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures
A study of the modern Chinese novel, Gao Yubao and its author Gao Yubao
Creators: name: Kleemeier, Christine Jeannette
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Gao Yubao, a soldier in the Chinese People's Liberation Army, was nearly illiterate when he began to write his autobiographical novel, Gao Yubao, in 1949. The PLA's literary branch helped him finish the novel and after its publication Gao and his struggle to become literate by writing a novel served as an inspiration for others striving for education. Gao Yubao was republished several times up until as late as the 1970's and each time it was republished it was revised. This paper traces the history of the novel Gao Yubao and its author with special attention being given to comparing the changes made in the various editions of the novel. The conflicts between amateurism and professionalism and between fact and romanticization and those conflicts inherent in the constant revisings demanded of an already revised work are shown to be unresolvable because of the nature of contemporary Chinese literature.
Transiting Exoplanets with JWST
Creators: name: Seager, S.
name: Deming, D.
name: Valenti, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The era of exoplanet characterization is upon us. For a subset of exoplanets -- the transiting planets -- physical properties can be measured, including mass, radius, and atmosphere characteristics. Indeed, measuring the atmospheres of a further subset of transiting planets, the hot Jupiters, is now routine with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will continue Spitzer's legacy with its large mirror size and precise thermal stability. JWST is poised for the significant achievement of identifying habitable planets around bright M through G stars--rocky planets lacking extensive gas envelopes, with water vapor and signs of chemical disequilibrium in their atmospheres. Favorable transiting planet systems, are, however, anticipated to be rare and their atmosphere observations will require tens to hundreds of hours of JWST time per planet. We review what is known about the physical characteristics of transiting planets, summarize lessons learned from Spitzer high-contrast exoplanet measurements, and give several examples of potential JWST observations.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures. In press in "Astrophysics in the Next Decade: JWST and Concurrent Facilities, Astrophysics & Space Science Library, Thronson, H. A., Tielens, A., Stiavelli, M., eds., Springer: Dordrecht (2008)." The original publication will be available at http://www.springerlink.com
Continuous loading of $^{1}$S$_{0}$ calcium atoms into an optical dipole trap
Creators: name: Yang, C. Y.
name: Halder, P.
name: Appel, O.
name: Hansen, D.
name: Hemmerich, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an efficient scheme for continuous trap loading based upon spatially selective optical pumping. We discuss the case of $^{1}$S$_{0}$ calcium atoms in an optical dipole trap (ODT), however, similar strategies should be applicable to a wide range of atomic species. Our starting point is a reservoir of moderately cold ($\approx 300 μ$K) metastable $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms prepared by means of a magneto-optic trap (triplet-MOT). A focused 532 nm laser beam produces a strongly elongated optical potential for $^{1}$S$_{0}$-atoms with up to 350 $μ$K well depth. A weak focused laser beam at 430 nm, carefully superimposed upon the ODT beam, selectively pumps the $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms inside the capture volume to the singlet state, where they are confined by the ODT. The triplet-MOT perpetually refills the capture volume with $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms thus providing a continuous stream of cold atoms into the ODT at a rate of $10^7 $s$^{-1}$. Limited by evaporation loss, in 200 ms we typically load $5 \times 10^5$ atoms with an initial radial temperature of 85 $μ$K. After terminating the loading we observe evaporation during 50 ms leaving us with $10^5$ atoms at radial temperatures close to 40 $μ$K and a peak phase space density of $6.8 \times 10^{-5}$. We point out that a comparable scheme could be employed to load a dipole trap with $^{3}$P$_{0}$-atoms.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Small Angle Scattering and Zeta Potential of Liposomes Loaded with Octa(carboranyl)porphyrazine
Creators: name: Salvati, Anna
name: Ristori, Sandra
name: Oberdisse, Julian
name: Spalla, Olivier
name: Ricciardi, Giampaolo
name: Pietrangeli, Daniela
name: Giustini, Mauro
name: Martini, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the physicochemical characterization of liposomes loaded with a newly synthesised carboranyl porphyrazine (H2HECASPz) is described. This molecule represents a potential drug for different anticancer therapies, such as Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Photodynamic Therapy and Photothermal Therapy. Different loading methods and different lipid mixtures were tested. The corresponding loaded vectors were studied by Small Angle Scattering (SANS and SAXS), light scattering and zeta potential. The combined analysis of structural data at various length scales and the measurement of the surface charge allowed to obtain a detailed characterization of the investigated systems. The mechanisms underlying the onset of differences in relevant physicochemical parameters (size, polydispersity and charge) were also critically discussed.
Multiresonant Layered Acoustic Metamaterial (MLAM) solution for broadband low-frequency noise attenuation through double-peak sound transmission loss response
Creators: name: Roca, David
name: Cante, Juan
name: Lloberas-Valls, Oriol
name: Pàmies, Teresa
name: Oliver, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of noise control and attenuation is of interest in a broad range of applications, especially in the low-frequency range, below 1000 Hz. Acoustic metamaterials allow us to tackle this problem with solutions that do not necessarily rely on high amounts of mass, however most of them still present two major challenges: they rely on complex structures making them difficult to manufacture, and their attenuating capabilities are limited to narrow frequency bandwidths. Here we propose the Multiresonant Layered Acoustic Metamaterial (MLAM) concept as a novel kind of acoustic metamaterial based on coupled resonances mechanisms. Their main advantages hinge on providing enhanced sound attenuation capabilities in terms of a double-peak sound transmission loss response by means of a layered configuration suitable for large scale manufacturing.
AGN lifetimes in UV-selected galaxies: a clue to supermassive black hole-host galaxy coevolution
Creators: name: Lin, Xiaozhi
name: Xue, Yongquan
name: Fang, Guanwen
name: Fan, Lulu
name: Le, Huynh Anh N.
name: Ayubinia, Ashraf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coevolution between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies has been proposed for more than a decade, albeit with little direct evidence about black hole accretion activities regulating galaxy star formation at $z>1$. In this paper, we study the lifetimes of X-ray active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in $UV$-selected red sequence (RS), blue cloud (BC) and green valley (GV) galaxies, finding that AGN accretion activities are most prominent in GV galaxies at $z\sim1.5-2$, compared with RS and BC galaxies. We also compare AGN accretion timescales with typical color transition timescales of $UV$-selected galaxies. We find that the lifetime of GV galaxies at $z\sim1.5-2$ is very close to the typical timescale when the AGNs residing in them stay in the high-accretion-rate mode at these redshifts; for BC galaxies, the consistency between the color transition timescale and the black hole strong accretion lifetime is more likely to happen at lower redshifts ($z<1$). Our results support the scenario where AGN accretion activities govern $UV$ color transitions of host galaxies, making galaxies and their central SMBHs coevolve with each other.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
Topology optimization using the unsmooth variational topology optimization (UNVARTOP) method. An educational implementation in Matlab
Creators: name: Yago, Daniel
name: Cante, Juan
name: Lloberas-Valls, Oriol
name: Oliver, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an efficient and comprehensive MATLAB code to solve two-dimensional structural topology optimization problems, including minimum mean compliance, compliant mechanism synthesis and multi-load compliance problems. The Unsmooth Variational Topology Optimization (UNVARTOP) method, developed by the authors in a previous work, is used in the topology optimization code, based on the finite element method (FEM), to compute the sensitivity and update the topology. The paper also includes instructions to improve the bisection algorithm, modify the computation of the Lagrangian multiplier by using an Augmented Lagrangian to impose the constraint, implement heat conduction problems and extend the code to three-dimensional topology optimization problems. The code, intended for students and newcomers in topology optimization, is included as an appendix (Appendix A) and it can be downloaded from https://github.com/DanielYago together with supplementary material.
A critical review of sources on the development of English vernacular architecture, 1600–1800, as it relates to the geographical region concerned
Creators: name: R.J. Brierley
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A critical review of sources on the development of English vernacular architecture, 1600–1800, as it relates to the geographical region concerned
Unusually strong space-charge-limited current in thin wires
Creators: name: Talin, A. Alec
name: Léonard, François
name: Swartzentruber, B. S.
name: Wang, Xin
name: Hersee, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current-voltage characteristics of thin wires are often observed to be nonlinear, and this behavior has been ascribed to Schottky barriers at the contacts. We present electronic transport measurements on GaN nanorods and demonstrate that the nonlinear behavior originates instead from space-charge-limited current. A theory of space-charge-limited current in thin wires corroborates the experiments, and shows that poor screening in high aspect ratio materials leads to a dramatic enhancement of space-charge limited current, resulting in new scaling in terms of the aspect ratio.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Physical Review Letters
Special Purpose Computers for Statistical Physics: achievements and lessons
Creators: name: Shchur, Lev N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Literature (cs.GL)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the late 80s and 90s, theoretical physicists of the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics designed and developed several specialized computers for challenging computational problems in the physics of phase transitions. These computers did not have a central processing unit. They optimize algorithms to handle elementary operations on integers -- read, write, compare, and count. The approach allowed them to achieve recording run times. Computers performed calculations three orders of magnitude faster than similar calculations on the world's best supercomputers. The approach made it possible to obtain fundamentally new results, some of which have not yet been surpassed in the accuracy of calculations. The report will present the main ideas for the development of specialized computers and the scientific results obtained with their help. The lessons of planning and execution of long-term complex scientific projects will also be discussed.
description: 2020 Fifth International Conference "History of Computing in the Russia, former the Soviet Union and Council for Mutual Economic Assistance countries" (SORUCOM)
Augmented reality in orthopedic surgery: state of the art and future prospectives
Creators: name: Compagnoni, Riccardo
name: Coccioli, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Archives of Medicine & Surgery University of Milan
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: Many technologies have been proposed in these years to improve the quality and results of orthopedic surgery. The most common are robot-assisted surgery, navigation, patient-specific instrumentation, and customized implants. In the last years, augmented reality has been used in many settings, and some companies now propose its improvement in surgery. This narrative review aims to describe the state of the art and prospects of augmented reality in orthopedic surgery. Methods: A narrative review of the current literature was performed in September 2020 to find articles focused on augmented reality in orthopedic surgery in Scopus and PubMed/Medline with the following keywords: (augmented reality) AND (orthopedic). Inclusion criteria were articles published in the last 20 years, reviews, clinical and educational articles. The authors collected the data described in these articles and analyzed it to find the most relevant information on this topic. Results: One hundred forty-five articles on augmented reality in surgery were found. The majority of these studies were focused on the potential use of this technology for young surgeons’ training and instruments’ accuracy. Conclusions: Augmented reality is potentially a significant help for orthopedic surgeon’s practice and training. It is realistic to expect a healthy development of this technology in the coming years and the future use in operating fields to improve the precision and reproducibility of surgery. Level of evidence: V - Narrative review
description: Archives of Medicine & Surgery University of Milan, V. 1 N. 1 (2020)
An Exceptional VHE Gamma-Ray Flare of PKS 2155-304
Creators: name: Aharonian, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-frequency peaked BL Lac PKS 2155-304 at redshift z=0.116 is a well-known VHE (>100 GeV) gamma-ray emitter. Since 2002 its VHE flux has been monitored using the H.E.S.S. stereoscopic array of imaging atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes in Namibia. During the July 2006 dark period, the average VHE flux was measured to be more than ten times typical values observed from the object. This article focuses solely on an extreme gamma-ray outburst detected in the early hours of July 28, 2006 (MJD 53944). The average flux observed during this outburst is I(>200 GeV) = (1.72$\pm$$0.05_{\rm stat}$$\pm$$0.34_{\rm syst}$) $\times$ 10$^{-9}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, corresponding to ~7 times the flux, I(>200 GeV), observed from the Crab Nebula. Peak fluxes are measured with one-minute time scale resolution at more than twice this average value. Variability is seen up to ~600 s in the Fourier power spectrum, and well-resolved bursts varying on time scales of ~200 seconds are observed. There are no strong indications for spectral variability within the data. Assuming the emission region has a size comparable to the Schwarzschild radius of a ~10$^9 M_\odot$ black hole, Doppler factors greater than 100 are required to accommodate the observed variability time scales.
description: Accepted (June 5, 2007) for publication in ApJ Letters; 6 pages, 3 figures; [Revisions: added 1 reference to a newly accepted article, 1 extra digit added to 1st column in table 1, \clearpages removed to save trees.]
Management of shoulder pain in the emergency room: a narrative review
Creators: name: Compagnoni, Riccardo
name: Compagnoni, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Archives of Medicine & Surgery University of Milan
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: The frequency of Emergency Room (ER) accesses for shoulder pain is constantly increasing. The presenting symptoms are similar across the various pathological conditions, therefore an appropriate focus on the pathogenetic mechanism (traumatic or not-traumatic) and the correct imaging choice is of extreme importance. The correct treatment strategy is fundamental. The aim of this study is to provide a simple and straightforward guide toward the correct treatment when facing a painful shoulder in ER. Methods: We performed a narrative review analyzing 34 published articles from the most updated literature focused on the management of shoulder emergencies. The most significant data were collected to propose a document suggesting the most effective treatments in this group of patients. Results: Authors developed a guide that could help clinicians to propose the correct treatment when dealing with patients with acute shoulder pain in ER. Conclusions: Shoulder emergencies are frequent and different possible treatments can be proposed to the patients, as a consequence of local guidelines and hospital habits. This narrative review could help clinicians in the emergency room to propose an effective treatment in some of the most common situations. Level of evidence: V - Narrative review
description: Archives of Medicine & Surgery University of Milan, V. 1 N. 1 (2020)
A NEW SPECIES OF SAURICHTHYS (ACTINOPTERYGII: SAURICHTYDAE) FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC OF MONTE SAN GIORGIO
Creators: name: RENESTO, SILVIO
name: MAGNANI, FABIO
name: STOCKAR, RUDOLF
Publisher: name: RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA
Year: 2021

description: A new species of the actinopterygian fish genus Saurichthys is described on the basis of several specimens from the Sceltrich beds (Meride Limestone Formation) of the UNESCO World Heritage area of Monte San Giorgio. The new species shows among other characters, unsegmented lepidotrichia in all fins and elongated and wide paired fins, suggesting a different adaptation for swimming and catching preys with respect to other Saurichthys species of Monte San Giorgio. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the new species is closely related to the Saurorhynchus species group. The new finding adds further knowledge to the plasticity and functional adaptations of the genus Saurichthys, which was one of the most successful actinopterygians of the Triassic.
description: RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA , V. 127 N. 1 (2021)
SPLASH: An interactive visualisation tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations
Creators: name: Price, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents SPLASH, a publicly available interactive visualisation tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. Visualisation of SPH data is more complicated than for grid-based codes because the data is defined on a set of irregular points and therefore requires a mapping procedure to a two dimensional pixel array. This means that, in practise, many authors simply produce particle plots which offer a rather crude representation of the simulation output. Here we describe the techniques and algorithms which are utilised in SPLASH in order to provide the user with a fast, interactive and meaningful visualisation of one, two and three dimensional SPH results.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted to PASA. Download SPLASH from http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/dprice/splash -- you won't regret it
Thin Films of Topological Nodal Line Semimetals as a Candidate for Efficient Thermoelectric Converters
Creators: name: Hosoi, Masashi
name: Tateishi, Ikuma
name: Matsuura, Hiroyasu
name: Ogata, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermoelectric materials intrigue much interest due to their wide range of application such as power generators and refrigerators. The efficiency of thermoelectric materials is quantified by the figure of merit, and a figure greater than unity is desired. To achieve this, a large Seebeck coefficient and low phonon thermal conductivity are required. We show that this can be achieved with a thin film of topological nodal line semimetals. We also discusses the correlation effect and spin current induced by a temperature gradient. The obtained results provide insight for the improvement of thermoelectric materials.
description: 6+4 pages, 4+2 figures
The swan in the desolate heaven : the literary image of place and the ideology of Irish nationalism
Creators: name: Wolfe, Colin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Place is not simply the physical reality of the topographical and human geographical features located at a particular position in space. It is also the experience of the associations, images, and memories incorporated in the landscape, with a large input from the observer. Our personal and cultural histories are important in this experience of place, which is therefore both subjective and intersubjective. The sense of place in literature is often particularly expressive of this power of association and imagery — perhaps, because of its concentrated form, especially in poetry. Literature, however, in choosing its imagery, is not only reflective of the historical, cultural and personal associations of place, but is also creative in shaping these associations of place. Literature, because it is selective and imaginative, has the power to alter our experience of place. Many of the works of the Irish literary revival possess an unusually strong sense of place — it was a literary movement which sought to emphasise Ireland and Irish themes. The selectivity and imagination of the writers, particularly because of the romantic and mythological heritages stressed in the revival, resulted in a representation of the Irish landscape -- indeed a vision of Ireland -- which is rich in symbol, association, and image. This Ireland of the imagination was also attractive and powerful enough to become part of Irish nationalist ideology. A romantic vision of the Irish landscape and its people developed by W.B. Yeats, A.E., J.M. Synge and others became part of the nationalism of militant revolutionaries such as Patrick Pearse, leader of the Irish insurrection of Easter 1916 — important in Irish history because it shifted the dominant expression of nationalism from constitutionalism to militancy. It was through the use of force rather than through constitutional methods that a separate Irish nation was established in 1922. This thesis, therefore, has three main themes. Firstly, place is an experience of the imagination -- of association, of memory, and of image. Secondly, literature is important in shaping that imagination because of its symbolism and its power in creating imagery. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the ideas of a movement of the imagination such as the Irish literary revival can have a large effect on the ideas, and therefore the ultimate actions, of a movement of action such as, that of the Irish militant nationalists.
Local interactions and non-Abelian quantum loop gases
Creators: name: Troyer, Matthias
name: Trebst, Simon
name: Shtengel, Kirill
name: Nayak, Chetan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional quantum loop gases are elementary examples of topological ground states with Abelian or non-Abelian anyonic excitations. While Abelian loop gases appear as ground states of local, gapped Hamiltonians such as the toric code, we show that gapped non-Abelian loop gases require non-local interactions (or non-trivial inner products). Perturbing a local, gapless Hamiltonian with an anticipated ``non-Abelian'' ground-state wavefunction immediately drives the system into the Abelian phase, as can be seen by measuring the Hausdorff dimension of loops. Local quantum critical behavior is found in a loop gas in which all equal-time correlations of local operators decay exponentially.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
A Computational Tool to Interpret the Bulk Composition of Solid Exoplanets based on Mass and Radius Measurements
Creators: name: Zeng, Li
name: Seager, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prospects for finding transiting exoplanets in the range of a few to 20 Earth masses is growing rapidly with both ground-based and spaced-based efforts. We describe a publicly available computer code to compute and quantify the compositional ambiguities for differentiated solid exoplanets with a measured mass and radius, including the mass and radius uncertainties.
description: PASP, in press. 20 pages including 5 figures. Try the MATLAB code and send us comments