cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Detailed Study of Giants and Horizontal Branch Stars in M68: Atmospheric Parameters and Chemical Abundances
Creators: name: Schaeuble, Marc
name: Preston, George
name: Sneden, Chris
name: Thompson, I. B.
name: Shectman, S. A.
name: Burley, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a detailed high-resolution spectroscopic study of post main sequence stars in the Globular Cluster M68. Our sample, which covers a range of 4000 K in $T_{eff}$, and 3.5 dex in $log(g)$, is comprised of members from the red giant, red horizontal, and blue horizontal branch, making this the first high-resolution globular cluster study covering such a large evolutionary and parameter space. Initially, atmospheric parameters were determined using photometric as well as spectroscopic methods, both of which resulted in unphysical and unexpected $T_{eff}$, $log(g)$, $ξ_{t}$, and [Fe/H] combinations. We therefore developed a hybrid approach that addresses most of these problems, and yields atmospheric parameters that agree well with other measurements in the literature. Furthermore, our derived stellar metallicities are consistent across all evolutionary stages, with $\langle$[Fe/H]$\rangle$ = $-$2.42 ($σ$ = 0.14) from 25 stars. Chemical abundances obtained using our methodology also agree with previous studies and bear all the hallmarks of globular clusters, such as a Na-O anti-correlation, constant Ca abundances, and mild $r$-process enrichment.
description: Accepted to the Astronomical Journal
title: Microbunching and Coherent Synchrotron Radiation in Linear Free Electron Lasers
Creators: name: Brynes, Alexander
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2021

description: The optimal performance of short-wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs), driven by high-energy bunches of electrons, is limited by collective interactions that occur due to the self-fields of particles within the bunch. An understanding of these collective effects is therefore crucial for current and future machines. In particular, it is important when designing and operating such a machine that these effects are understood, and mitigated as much as possible. In order to achieve such an understanding, a correspondence between the theory of the impact of these collective effects, their calculation using computer-based simulation codes, and experimental measurements of the effects, is essential. This thesis presents a study of two such collective effects: coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) and the microbunching instability. An extension to the 1D theory of CSR is derived, which correctly takes account of effects arising due to the electron bunch entering and exiting a bending magnet. Theoretical predictions of these CSR transient effects are then compared with results from simulation codes. The CSR-induced emittance growth is then studied experimentally in the FERMI FEL across a range of electron bunch parameters, showing good agreement between theory, simulation and experiment in most cases, and some divergence during more extreme bunch compression scenarios. In addition, the microbunching instability in the FERMI FEL has been studied extensively. A new method of characterising the instability using 2D Fourier analysis has been developed, which uncovers previously unseen parameters, and demonstrates the necessity of performing a thorough analysis in order to understand fully this effect. The microbunching instability has also been induced, by imposing periodic modulations on electron bunches across a number of accelerator lattice configurations. Comparisons between theory, simulation and experiment are also shown in this case, demonstrating an improved understanding of the development of these collective effects.
Ethanol Administration Produces Divergent Changes in GABAergic Neuroactive Steroid Immunohistochemistry in the Rat Brain
Creators: name: Cook, Jason B.
name: Dumitru, Ana Maria G.
name: Morrow, A. Leslie
name: O'Buckley, Todd K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The 5α-reduced pregnane neuroactive steroid (3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP or allopregnanolone) is a potent positive modulator of GABAA receptors capable of modulating neuronal activity. In rats, systemic ethanol administration increases cerebral cortical and hippocampal levels of 3α,5α-THP, but the effects of ethanol on 3α,5α-THP levels in other brain regions are unknown. There is a large body of evidence suggesting that 3α,5α-THP enhances ethanol sensitivity, contributes to some behavioral effects of ethanol, and modulates ethanol reinforcement and motivation to drink. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine ethanol-induced changes in cellular 3α,5α-THP expression in brain regions associated with ethanol actions and responses.
Cosmic Census: Relative Distributions of Dark Matter, Galaxies and Diffuse Gas
Creators: name: Kou, Raphaël
name: Bartlett, James G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies, diffuse gas, and dark matter make up the cosmic web that defines the large-scale structure of the Universe. We constrained the joint distribution of these constituents by cross-correlating galaxy samples binned by stellar mass from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey CMASS catalog with maps of lensing convergence and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect from the Planck mission. Fitting a halo-based model to our measured angular power spectra (galaxy-galaxy, galaxy-lensing convergence, and galaxy-tSZ) at a median redshift of $z=0.53$, we detected variation with stellar mass of the galaxy satellite fraction and galaxy spatial distribution within host halos. We find a tSZ-halo hydrostatic mass bias, $b_h$, such that $(1-b_h)=0.6\pm0.05$, with a hint of a larger bias, $b_h$, at the high stellar mass end. The normalization of the galaxy-cosmic microwave background lensing convergence cross-power spectrum shows that galaxies trace the matter distribution without an indication of stochasticity ($A=0.98\pm 0.09$). We forecast that next-generation cosmic microwave background experiments will improve the constraints on the hydrostatic bias by a factor of two and will be able to constrain the small-scale distribution of dark matter, hence informing the theory of feedback processes.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures
title: CT Axial angiography of lower extremity vessels with wide coverage 256 detector row scanner: preliminary aspects
Creators: name: Molinaro, Stefano
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Vascular
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Artifacts
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: CT angiography in diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD) allows significant increase in terms of sensibility, specificity and PPV in comparison with Doppler USand gives very similar results to DSA, which, despite its...
(100923) William Seavell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies of novel thiadiazole-hydrazone derivatives for carbonic anhydrase inhibitory and anticancer activities
Creators: name: Bostancı, H.E.
name: Çevik, U.A.
name: Kapavarapu, R.
name: Güldiken, Y.C.
name: Inan, Z.D.Ş.
name: Güler, Ö.Ö.
name: Uysal, T.K.
name: Uytun, A.
name: Çetin, F.N.
name: Özkay, Y.
name: Kaplancıklı, Z.A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Virology

description: Thiadiazole and hydrazone derivatives (5a–5i) were synthesized and their chemical structures were verified and described by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. Three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA, and HT-29) and one healthy cell line (L929) were used to test the cytotoxicity activity of synthesized compounds as well as their inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase I, II and IX isoenzymes. Compound 5d (29.74 µM) had a high inhibitory effect on hCA I and compound 5b (23.18 µM) had a high inhibitory effect on hCA II. Furthermore, compound 5i was found to be the most potent against CA IX. Compounds 5a-5i, 5b and 5i showed the highest anticancer effect against MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 9.19 and 23.50 µM, and compound 5d showed the highest anticancer effect against MDA cell line with an IC50 value of 10.43 µM. The presence of fluoro substituent in the o-position of the phenyl ring increases the effect on hCA II, while the methoxy group in the o-position of the phenyl ring increases the activity on hCA I as well as increase the anticancer activity. Cell death induction was evaluated by Annexin V assay and it was determined that these compounds cause cell death by apoptosis. Molecular docking was performed for compounds 5b and 5d to understand their biological interactions. The physical and ADME properties of compounds 5b and 5d were evaluated using SwissADME.
Ethanol Reduces Evoked Dopamine Release and Slows Clearance in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Creators: name: Shnitko, Tatiana A.
name: Spear, Linda P.
name: Kennerly, Laura C.
name: Robinson, Donita L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Ethanol intoxication affects cognitive performance, contributing to attentional deficits and poor decision making, which may occur via actions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). mPFC function is modulated by the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine. In this study, we examine the acute effects of ethanol on electrically-evoked dopamine release and clearance in the mPFC of anaesthetized rats naïve to alcohol or chronically exposed to alcohol during adolescence.
Numerical method to compute optical conductivity based on pump-probe simulations
Creators: name: Shao, Can
name: Tohyama, Takami
name: Luo, Hong-Gang
name: Lu, Hantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical method to calculate optical conductivity based on a pump-probe setup is presented. Its validity and limits are tested and demonstrated via the concrete numerical simulations on the half-filled one-dimensional extended Hubbard model both in equilibrium and out of equilibrium. By employing either a step- or a Gaussian-like probing vector potential, it is found that in nonequilibrium, the method in the narrow-probe-pulse limit can be identified with variant types of linear response theory, which, in equilibrium, produce identical results. The observation reveals the underlying probe-pulse dependence of the optical conductivity calculations in nonequilibrium, which may have its applications in the theoretical analysis of ultrafast spectroscopy measurements.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Focal Thalamic Degeneration from Ethanol and Thiamine Deficiency is Associated with Neuroimmune Gene Induction, Microglial Activation, and Lack of Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters
Creators: name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: Qin, Liya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundWernicke's encephalopathy-Korsakoff syndrome (WE-KS) is common in alcoholics, caused by thiamine deficiency (TD; vitamin B1) and associated with lesions to the thalamus (THAL). Although TD alone can cause WE, the high incidence in alcoholism suggests that TD and ethanol (EtOH) interact.MethodsMice in control, TD, or EtOH groups alone or combined were studied after 5 or 10 days of treatment. THAL and entorhinal cortex (ENT) histochemistry and mRNA were assessed.ResultsCombined EtOH-TD treatment for 5 days (EtOH-TD5) showed activated microglia, proinflammatory gene induction and THAL neurodegeneration that was greater than that found with TD alone (TD5), whereas 10 days resulted in marked THAL degeneration and microglial-neuroimmune activation in both groups. In contrast, 10 days of TD did not cause ENT degeneration. Interestingly, in ENT, TD10 activated microglia and astrocytes more than EtOH-TD10. In THAL, multiple astrocytic markers were lost consistent with glial cell loss. TD blocks glucose metabolism more than acetate. Acetate derived from hepatic EtOH metabolism is transported by monocarboxylic acid transporters (MCT) into both neurons and astrocytes that use acetyl-CoA synthetase (AcCoAS) to generate cellular energy from acetate. MCT and AcCoAS expression in THAL is lower than ENT prompting the hypothesis that focal THAL degeneration is related to insufficient MCT and AcCoAS in THAL. To test this hypothesis, we administered glycerin triacetate (GTA) to increase blood acetate and found it protected the THAL from TD-induced degeneration.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that EtOH potentiates TD-induced THAL degeneration through neuroimmune gene induction. The findings support the hypothesis that TD deficiency inhibits global glucose metabolism and that a reduced ability to process acetate for cellular energy results in THAL focal degeneration in alcoholics contributing to the high incidence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in alcoholism.
Studies and analysis of reference management software: a literature review
Creators: name: Tramullas, Jesús
name: Sánchez-Casabón, Ana I.
name: Garrido-Picazo, Piedad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reference management software is a well-known tool for scientific research work. Since the 1980s, it has been the subject of reviews and evaluations in library and information science literature. This paper presents a systematic review of published studies that evaluate reference management software with a comparative approach. The objective is to identify the types, models, and evaluation criteria that authors have adopted, in order to determine whether the methods used provide adequate methodological rigor and useful contributions to the field of study.
description: Preprint. Accepted to be published in El Profesional de la Informaci\'on, 2015. ISSN: 1386-6710
Design and experimental validation of the oxazole and thiazole derivatives as potential antivirals against of human cytomegalovirus
Creators: name: Kovalishyn, V.
name: Severin, O.
name: Kachaeva, M.
name: Semenyuta, I.
name: Keith, K.A.
name: Harden, E.A.
name: Hartline, C.B.
name: James, S.H.
name: Metelytsia, L.
name: Brovarets, V.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: QSAR studies of a set of previously synthesized azole derivatives tested against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were performed using the OCHEM web platform. The predictive ability of the classification models has a balanced accuracy (BA) of 73–79%. The validation of the models using an external test set proved that the models can be used to predict the activity of newly designed compounds with a reasonable accuracy within the applicability domain (BA = 76–83%). The models were applied to screen a virtual chemical library with expected activity of compounds against HCMV. The five most promising new compounds were identified, synthesized and their antiviral activities against HCMV were evaluated in vitro. Two of them showed some activity against the HCMV strain AD169. According to the results of docking analysis, the most promising biotarget associated with HCMV is DNA polymerase. The docking of the most active compounds 1 and 5 in the DNA polymerase active site shows calculated binding energies of -8.6 and -7.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The ligand’s complexation was stabilized by the formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with amino acids Lys60, Leu43, Ile49, Pro77, Asp134, Ile135, Val136, Thr62 and Arg137.
Coherent branching feature bisimulation
Creators: name: Belder, Tessa
name: ter Beek, Maurice H.
name: de Vink, Erik P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; F.3.1; F.3.2

description: Progress in the behavioral analysis of software product lines at the family level benefits from further development of the underlying semantical theory. Here, we propose a behavioral equivalence for feature transition systems (FTS) generalizing branching bisimulation for labeled transition systems (LTS). We prove that branching feature bisimulation for an FTS of a family of products coincides with branching bisimulation for the LTS projection of each the individual products. For a restricted notion of coherent branching feature bisimulation we furthermore present a minimization algorithm and show its correctness. Although the minimization problem for coherent branching feature bisimulation is shown to be intractable, application of the algorithm in the setting of a small case study results in a significant speed-up of model checking of behavioral properties.
description: In Proceedings FMSPLE 2015, arXiv:1504.03014
Histone Acetylation in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Modulates Ethanol-Induced Locomotor Activity in DBA/2J Mice
Creators: name: Rinker, Jennifer A.
name: Thiele, Todd E.
name: Sprow, Gretchen M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: A growing body of literature suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, including histone acetylation, may play key roles in drug abuse and the development of addiction. Experiments in the present study were designed to investigate the role of histone acetylation in ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization.
(100924) Jane Seavell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Non-surgical management of B3a lesions diagnosed at core needle biopsy: can associated malignancy and atipia be ruled out safely with tomosynthesis?
Creators: name: Zanelli, Elisa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Biopsy
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Pathology
subject: Developmental disease

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: BACKROUND: conventional two-dimensional (2D) mammography is used for most mammographic examination. A major limitation of this technique is the potential overlap tissue. This overlap occurs because detection of the digital signal depends on the...
Artificially constructed plasmaron and plasmon-exciton molecule in 2D-metals
Creators: name: Zhuravlev, A. S.
name: Kuznetsov, V. A.
name: Bisti, V. E.
name: Kulik, L. V.
name: Kirpichev, V. E.
name: Kukushkin, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant optical excitation was used to create a macroscopic non-equilibrium ensemble of dark excitons with unprecedentedly long lifetime in a two-dimensional (2D) electron system placed in a quantizing magnetic field. Exotic three-particle and four-particle states, plasmarons and plasmon-exciton molecules, coupled with the surrounding electrons through the collective plasma oscillations are engineered. Plasmarons and plasmon-exciton molecules are manifested as new features in the recombination spectra of non-equilibrium systems. Magnetoplasmarons and magnetotrions in a two-dimensional Hall insulator.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: The value of post-mortem CT for establishing the cause of death: initial results
Creators: name: peer van, adri
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Forensic / Necropsy studies
subject: Professional issues
subject: CT
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Education
subject: Forensics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Autopsy is considered the gold standard of post-mortem quality control [1,2]. However, autopsy rates are decreasing worldwide [3,4]. In mortality review boards, the role of imaging has historically been modest. Interest in post-mortem CT has...
Drag resistance mediated by quantum spin liquids
Creators: name: Mazzilli, Raffaele
name: Levchenko, Alex
name: König, Elio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in material synthesis made it possible to realize two-dimensional monolayers of candidate materials for a quantum spin liquid (QSL) such as $α$-RuCl$_3$,1T-TaSe$_2$ and 1T-TaS$_2$. In this work, we propose an experimental setup that exploits nonlocal electrical probes to gain information on the transport properties of a gapless QSL. The proposed setup is a spinon-mediated drag experiment: a current is injected in one of the two layers and a voltage is measured on the second metallic film. The overall momentum transfer mechanism is a two-step process mediated by Kondo interaction between the local moments in the quantum spin liquid and the spins of the electrons. In the limit of negligible momentum relaxed within the QSL layer, we calculate the drag relaxation rate for Kitaev, $\mathbb{Z}_2$, and U(1) QSLs using Aslamazov-Larkin diagrams. We find, however, that the case of dominant momentum relaxation within the QSL layer is far more relevant and thus develop a model based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation to describe the proposed setup. Within this framework we calculate the low temperature scaling behavior of the drag resistivity, both for U(1) and $\mathbb{Z}_2$ QSLs with Fermi surfaces. In some regimes we find a crossover in the temperature scaling that is different between the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and U(1) QSL both because of the non-Fermi liquid nature of the U(1) QSL, and because of the qualitatively different momentum relaxation mechanism within the QSL layer. Our findings suggest that parameters of the system can be tuned to make the spinon-mediated drag a significant fraction of the total transresistance.
description: 10 pages, 2 appendices, 7 figures
(100919) Charles Frederic John Cother
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Alcohol Alters the Activation of ERK1/2, a Functional Regulator of Binge Alcohol Drinking in Adult C57BL/6J Mice
Creators: name: Psilos, Kelly E.
name: Hodge, Clyde W.
name: Sharko, Amanda C.
name: Holstein, Sarah E.
name: Reid, Grant T.
name: Agoglia, Abigail E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Binge alcohol drinking is a particularly risky pattern of alcohol consumption that often precedes alcohol dependence and addiction. The transition from binge alcohol drinking to alcohol addiction likely involves mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and learning in the brain. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades have been shown to be involved in learning and memory, as well as the response to drugs of abuse, but their role in binge alcohol drinking remains unclear. The present experiments were designed to determine the effects of acute alcohol on extracellular signaling related kinases (ERK1/2) expression and activity, and to determine whether ERK1/2 activity functionally regulates binge-like alcohol drinking.
title: Image quality assessment of head CT
Creators: name: Pinto, Nuno
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: Head and neck
subject: Radiographers
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Image verification
subject: Education and training

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to assess if the image quality from head CT examinations meets the quality criteria previously established in a radiology department. The specific objectives were to identify the presence of conformities and nonconformities...
Assessment of the Effects of 6 Standard Rodent Diets on Binge-Like and Voluntary Ethanol Consumption in Male C57BL/6J Mice
Creators: name: Rinker, Jennifer A.
name: Harrison, Langston K.
name: Herfel, Tina M.
name: Thiele, Todd E.
name: Marshall, Simon Alex
name: Fletcher, Craig A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: In recent years much attention has been given to the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research, particularly in pre-clinical animal studies. This is a problem that also plagues the alcohol research field, particularly in consistent consumption in animal models of alcohol use disorders. One often overlooked factor that could affect reproducibility is the maintenance diet used in pre-clinical studies.
title: Patient-specific computational model of lower limb muscle function from PET/MRI studies
Creators: name: García-Juan, David
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: PET-MR
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Imaging sequences

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Global population is aging by result of the change among mortality and fertility trends. The number of older people is increasing at a faster rate than the global population is growing, being tripled during the last 50 years and is expected that...
(100920) Clara Isabella Cother
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Towards correct-by-construction product variants of a software product line: GFML, a formal language for feature modules
Creators: name: Pham, Thi-Kim-Zung
name: Dubois, Catherine
name: Levy, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) is a software engineering paradigm that focuses on reuse and variability. Although feature-oriented programming (FOP) can implement software product line efficiently, we still need a method to generate and prove correctness of all product variants more efficiently and automatically. In this context, we propose to manipulate feature modules which contain three kinds of artifacts: specification, code and correctness proof. We depict a methodology and a platform that help the user to automatically produce correct-by-construction product variants from the related feature modules. As a first step of this project, we begin by proposing a language, GFML, allowing the developer to write such feature modules. This language is designed so that the artifacts can be easily reused and composed. GFML files contain the different artifacts mentioned above.The idea is to compile them into FoCaLiZe, a language for specification, implementation and formal proof with some object-oriented flavor. In this paper, we define and illustrate this language. We also introduce a way to compose the feature modules on some examples.
description: In Proceedings FMSPLE 2015, arXiv:1504.03014
Quantum from principles
Creators: name: Chiribella, Giulio
name: D'Ariano, Giacomo Mauro
name: Perinotti, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quantum theory was discovered in an adventurous way, under the urge to solve puzzles-like the spectrum of the blackbody radiation-that haunted the physics community at the beginning of the 20th century. It soon became clear, though, that quantum theory was not just a theory of specific physical systems, but rather a new language of universal applicability. Can this language be reconstructed from first principles? Can we arrive at it from logical reasoning, instead of ad hoc guesswork? A positive answer was provided in Refs. [1, 2], where we put forward six principles that identify quantum theory uniquely in a broad class of theories. We first defined a class of "theories of information", constructed as extensions of probability theory in which events can be connected into networks. In this framework, we formulated the six principles as rules governing the control and the accessibility of information. Directly from these rules, we reconstructed a number of quantum information features, and eventually, the whole Hilbert space framework. In short, our principles characterize quantum theory as the theory of information that allows for maximal control of randomness.
description: 50 pages, no figures, published version. Summarizes the framework and the results of arXiv:0908.1583 and arXiv:1011.6451
Binge ethanol exposure during adolescence leads to a persistent loss of neurogenesis in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus that is associated with impaired adult cognitive functioning
Creators: name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: Vetreno, Ryan P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Adolescence is a developmental period that coincides with the maturation of adult cognitive faculties. Binge drinking is common during adolescence and can impact brain maturation. Using a rodent model of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 20% EtOH w/v; 2 days on/2 days off from postnatal day [P]25 to P55), we discovered that AIE treatment reduced neurogenesis (i.e., doublecortin-immunoreactive [DCX + IR] cells) in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus of late adolescent (P56) male Wistar rats that persisted during abstinence into adulthood (P220). This reduction in neurogenesis was accompanied by a concomitant reduction in proliferating cells (Ki-67) and an increase in cell death (cleaved caspase-3). In the hippocampus, AIE treatment induced a long-term upregulation of neuroimmune genes, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its endogenous agonist high-mobility group box 1 as well as several proinflammatory signaling molecules. Administration of lipopolysaccharide, a gram-negative endotoxin agonist at TLR4, to young adult rats (P70) produced a similar reduction of DCX + IR cells that was observed in AIE-treated animals. Behaviorally, AIE treatment impaired object recognition on the novel object recognition task when assessed from P163 to P165. Interestingly, object recognition memory was positively correlated with DCX + IR in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus while latency to enter the center of the apparatus was negatively correlated with DCX + IR in the ventral dentate gyrus. Together, these data reveal that adolescent binge ethanol exposure persistently inhibits neurogenesis throughout the hippocampus, possibly through neuroimmune mechanisms, which might contribute to altered adult cognitive and emotive function.
title: Is clinical breast examination a necessary component in the assessment of women with breast symptoms?
Creators: name: Murphy, Stephen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: There has been an increased emphasis on breast screening programmes in recent years in order to detect breast cancer at a preclinical stage and, therefore, improve survival(1). The majority of women with breast cancer, however, present with...
(100921) Philip Edmund Wadley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Impact of mobilising collective intelligence in clinical research planning
Creators: name: Nguyen, Van
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2021

description: New methods of conducting research have been emerging outside clinical research. For example, worldwide game players helped to construct protein molecular which scientists had been struggling with for 15 years. In these examples, researchers leveraged collective intelligence of people who were not usually involved in research. My research aims to investigate whether and how mobilising collective intelligence could be used in the planning of a randomised controlled trial. To achieve this aim, I first conducted a scoping review to describe the methods of mobilising collective intelligence across different research fields. From this scoping review, I proposed a framework for implementing a research project using these new methods. Second, I conducted a qualitative study involving online survey and semi-structured interviews to investigators, researchers or coordinators of research projects mobilising collective intelligence. Drawing on their experience, I provided good practice advice for the governance, planning, and conducting of research involving collective intelligence. Finally, I developed a proof-of-concept study using case vignettes to leverage patients’ collective intelligence to improve trial organisation. Patients proposed several suggestions to improve the logistical organisation of trials. They also highlighted the importance of changing one-size-fits-all approach of trial organisation. In conclusion, the work in this thesis provides the first comprehensive accounts of methods used to mobilise collective intelligence across different research disciplines. The proof-of-concept study provided an example of leveraging patients’ collective intelligence to explore ideas and perspectives to improve clinical trial planning.
Adaptive surface code for quantum error correction in the presence of temporary or permanent defects
Creators: name: Siegel, Adam
name: Strikis, Armands
name: Flatters, Thomas
name: Benjamin, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether it is at the fabrication stage or during the course of the quantum computation, e.g. because of high-energy events like cosmic rays, the qubits constituting an error correcting code may be rendered inoperable. Such defects may correspond to individual qubits or to clusters and could potentially disrupt the code sufficiently to generate logical errors. In this paper, we explore a novel adaptive approach for surface code quantum error correction on a defective lattice. We show that combining an appropriate defect detection algorithm and a quarantine of the identified zone allows one to preserve the advantage of quantum error correction at finite code sizes, at the cost of a qubit overhead that scales with the size of the defect. Our numerics indicate that the code's threshold need not be significantly affected; for example, for a certain scenario where small defects repeatedly arise in each logical qubit, the noise threshold is $2.7\%$ (versus the defect-free case of $2.9\%$). These results pave the way to the experimental implementation of large-scale quantum computers where defects will be inevitable.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Coupling Robot-aided assessment and surface electromyography to evaluate wrist and forearm muscles activity, muscle fatigue and its effect on proprioception
Creators: name: MUGNOSSO, MADDALENA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2020

description: Sensorimotor functions and an intact neural control of muscles are essential for the effective execution of movements during daily living tasks. However, despite the ability of human sensorimotor system to cope with a great diversity of internal and external demands and constraints, these mechanisms can be altered as a consequence of neurological disorders, injuries or just due to excessive effort leading to muscle fatigue. A precise assessment of both motor and sensory impairment is thus needed in order to provide useful cues to monitor the progression of the disease in pathological populations or to prevent injuries in case of workers. In particular, considering muscle fatigue, an objective assessment of its manifestation may be crucial when dealing with subjects with neuromuscular disorders for understanding how specific disease features evolve over time or for testing the efficacy of a potential therapeutic strategy. Indeed, muscle fatigue accounts for a significant portion of the disease burden in populations with neuromuscular diseases but, despite its importance, a standardized, reliable and objective method for fatigue measurement is lacking in clinical practice. The work presented in this thesis investigates a practical solution through the use of a robotic task and parameters extracted by surface electromyography signals. Moreover, a similar approach that combines robot-mediated proprioception test and muscle fatigue assessment has been developed and used in this thesis to objectively investigate the influence of muscle fatigue on position sense. Finally, the effect of posture on muscle activity, from a perspective of injuries prevention, has been examined. Data on adults and children have been collected and quantitative and objective information about muscle activity, muscle fatigue and joint sensitivity were obtained gaining useful insight both in the clinical context and in the prevention of workplace injuries. A novel method to assess muscle fatigue has been proposed together with the definition of an easy readable indicator that can help clinicians in the assessment of the patient. As for the impact of fatigue on the sensorimotor system, results obtained showed a decrease in wrist proprioceptive acuity which led also to a decline in the performance of a simple tracing task. Regarding the adoption of different muscle strategies depending on postures, results showed that muscle activity of forearm muscles was overall similar regardless from the postures.
Quantitative Analysis of Probabilistic Models of Software Product Lines with Statistical Model Checking
Creators: name: ter Beek, Maurice H.
name: Legay, Axel
name: Lafuente, Alberto Lluch
name: Vandin, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; F.3.1; F.3.2; G.3

description: We investigate the suitability of statistical model checking techniques for analysing quantitative properties of software product line models with probabilistic aspects. For this purpose, we enrich the feature-oriented language FLan with action rates, which specify the likelihood of exhibiting particular behaviour or of installing features at a specific moment or in a specific order. The enriched language (called PFLan) allows us to specify models of software product lines with probabilistic configurations and behaviour, e.g. by considering a PFLan semantics based on discrete-time Markov chains. The Maude implementation of PFLan is combined with the distributed statistical model checker MultiVeStA to perform quantitative analyses of a simple product line case study. The presented analyses include the likelihood of certain behaviour of interest (e.g. product malfunctioning) and the expected average cost of products.
description: In Proceedings FMSPLE 2015, arXiv:1504.03014
(100918) Martha Jarratt
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Μηχανική και οξειδωτική αιμόλυση ερυθροκυττάρων
title: Mechanical and oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μπάκα, Νικολέτα
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ερυθροκύτταρο
Μεμβράνη
Οξειδωτικό
Μηχανικό
Αποθήκευση

description: Τα ερυθροκύτταρα αποτελούν τα πολυπληθέστερα κύτταρα του αίματος και η δράση τους σχετίζεται με τη μεταφορά οξυγόνου από τους πνεύμονες προς τους διάφορους ιστούς. Η ερυθροκυτταρική μεμβράνη διαδραματίζει ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό ρόλο στη λειτουργία του ερυθροκυττάρου. Αποτελείται από μία λιπιδική διπλοστιβάδα με ενσωματωμένες διάφορες διαμεμβρανικές πρωτεΐνες και έναν υπομεμβρανικό κυτταροσκελετό που απαρτίζεται από σκελετικές πρωτεΐνες. Τα ερυθρά αιμοσφαίρια κατά την ex vivo αποθήκευση τους, είτε με τις συμβατικές μεθόδους είτε με κρυοσυντήρηση, υφίστανται ποικίλες αλλοιώσεις και βλάβες, οι οποίες χαρακτηρίζονται ως “Αποθηκευτική βλάβη”. Οι αλλαγές αυτές μπορεί να είναι βιοχημικές, μηχανικές ή/και μεμβρανικές. Η αποθηκευτική ικανότητα των ερυθρών καθορίζεται από τη χρονική διάρκεια παραμονής εντός της μονάδας, αλλά και από τα χαρακτηριστικά του συντηρητικού που αυτή περιέχει. Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η μελέτη των ποιοτικών χαρακτηριστικών των κατεψυγμένων συμπυκνωμένων ερυθροκυττάρων, καθώς και η αποθηκευτική τους βλάβη σε σύγκριση με συμπυκνωμένα ερυθρά αιμοσφαίρια που αποθηκεύονται σύμφωνα με τα κλασικά πρωτόκολλα. Η κρυοσυντήρηση συμπυκνώμενων ερυρθωκυττάρων με γλυκερόλη είναι ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμη σε κρίσιμες περιόδους που απαιτείται συστηματική συλλογή αίματος, αλλά και στην ταχύτερη εύρεση σπάνιων ομάδων αίματος. Ωστόσο, τα στάδια απόψυξης/απογλυκεροποίησης καταπονούν ιδιαίτερα τα συμπυκνωμένα ερυθροκύτταρα, τα οποία παρά την καλή ανάκτηση που εμφανίζουν, μετά την αποθήκευση τους στους 4ΟC για περίπου 1-2 εβδομάδες παρουσιάζουν πλήθος κυτταρικών βλαβών. Από τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης προκύπτει πως οι μονάδες μετάγγισης που αποθηκεύτηκαν σε υποθερμικές συνθήκες φαίνεται να είναι ασφαλείς προς μετάγγιση. Το συμπέρασμα αυτό υποστηρίζεται από τη διατήρηση εντός φυσιολογικών ορίων των τιμών RBCs, Hct και MCHC παρά τις αλλαγές που εμφάνισαν κατά την διάρκεια της αποθήκευσης. Τέλος, παρά την αυξημένη αιμόλυση που παρουσίασαν τα συμπυκνωμένα ερυθροκύτταρα λόγω μηχανικού και οξειδωτικού στρες, καμία μονάδα μετάγγισης δε ξεπέρασε το Ευρωπαϊκό όριο αιμόλυσης. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά μένει να επιβεβαιωθούν σε μεγαλύτερο αριθμό δείγματος και να συνδυαστούν με άλλα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά των συμπυκνωμένων ερυθροκυττάρων με στόχο τη δημιουργία ασφαλών και λειτουργικών αποθεμάτων κατεψυγμένων ερυθροκυττάρων που θα μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν σε περιόδους κρίσης.
title: Renal masses: can percutaneous CT-guided biopsy avoid surgery?
Creators: name: Di Carlo, Maddalena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Kidney
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Nowadays the incidence of small renal masses (diameter < 4 cm) is considerably increasing. This is mainly related to an increase of incidental diagnosis of these lesions, for example during radiological examinations performed for other abdominal...