cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-site fluctuations and multipolar superexchange interactions in strongly correlated systems
Creators: name: Pourovskii, L. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach is proposed for evaluating dipolar and multipolar inter-site interactions in strongly correlated materials. This approach is based on the single-site dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) in conjunction with the atomic approximation for the local self-energy. Starting from the local moment paramagnetic state described by DMFT we derive inter-site interactions by considering the response of the DMFT grand potential to small fluctuations of atomic configurations on two neighboring sites. The present method is validated by applying it to one-band and two-band e$_g$ Hubbard models on the simple-cubic 3$d$ lattice. It is also applied to study the spin-orbital order in the parent cubic structure of ternary chromium fluoride KCrF$_3$. We obtain the onset of a G-type antiferro-orbital order at a significantly lower temperature compared to that in real distorted KCrF$_3$. In contrast, its layered A-type antiferromagnetic order and Néel temperature are rather well reproduced. The calculated full Kugel-Khomskii Hamiltonian contains spin-orbital coupling terms inducing a misalignment in the antiferro-orbital order upon the onset of antiferromagnetism.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Final published version with some equations and figures corrected and references added
title: Mind the gap: Public equity as a financing solution for medium-sized enterprises and the influence of national culture
Creators: name: Koch, Lisa Paula
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2021

description: Purpose: SMEs are the backbone of today’s economies. In order to be able to persist sustainably, sufficient access to finance is necessary. However, there is a financing gap for SMEs and traditional bank financing is not sustainable anymore due to ever more constraints. This research proposes the use of public equity to gain funding. However, the acceptance of public equity differs strongly between countries. The United Kingdom and Germany represent two polar extremes of financial behaviour, with the United Kingdom being a typically equity-based and Germany being a typically bank-based country. Therefore, this research aims to identify the impact of national culture on the decision to go public in the United Kingdom and Germany. The theoretical framework builds on the Satisficing Theory of Rationality, the Pecking-Order Theory as well as Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Theory.

Methodology: Using a mixed methods approach, entrepreneurs have been asked about their financial decision making and their opinion about public equity. Results show that national culture has an impact on the decision to go public, in particular a negative impact of long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance. Based on that, eight policy guidelines have been determined to promote public equity financing for medium-sized enterprises in both countries.

Findings: This research supports the Satisficing Theory of Rationality and the Pecking-Order Theory and contributes putting them in relation as well as in the context of medium-sized enterprises and the decision to go public. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Theory has only partially been supported. This research adds to the literature criticising the model for being not specific enough. The results of this study are of interest not only for entrepreneurs and policymakers, but also provide suggestions for further research on the topic. Therefore, it is relevant for both, a practical and academic audience.
Spectrally Dependent Optimization of Multi-Junction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Ulbrich, C.
name: Kirchartz, T.
name: Ding, K.
name: Pieters, B.E.
name: Gerber, A.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2386-2389
description: Today’s multi-junction solar cell optimization aims at high conversion efficiencies under a standard
spectrum. However, depending on the local conditions at the outdoor location this standardized spectrum may not be
the optimum. A resulting current mismatch of a series-connected multi-junction solar cell involves losses in the
annual yield. We investigate the issue of spectral dependence of the output power of an amorphous silicon-/
microcrystalline silicon (a-Si:H/μc-Si:H) tandem in non-tracked mode on the local spectral conditions. The surprising
result is that the optimum junction thicknesses overlap in a wide range for 99 % of the maximum power under the
standard AM 1.5g spectrum and for 99 % of the maximum annual yield at both investigated locations. However, a top
limitation is predicted to be advantageous for the optimum yield.
Thermal Behaviours of BIPV-Modules (U-Value and g-Value)
Creators: name: Misara, S.
name: Henze, N.
name: Sidelev, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4107-4115
description: With respect to higher operating temperature of BIPV, changes of the thermal characteristics have
to be taken into account. The relevant building functions have been investigated under consideration of PVspecific
characteristics compared to conventional building products; heat transmission coefficient (U-value), solar
heat gain (g-value) and solar reduction ratio (Fc-value). Firstly, the temperature model was developed and further
validated with new feed-in power concepts and real outdoor measurement. With good correlation between model
and measured temperatures and thermal parameters, therefore, the relevant building functions can be further
evaluated based on laminated glass, insulated glass and composited elements. The improvement of U-value can
be achieved at -9% for laminated glass, -2% for isolated glass and -1% for composite element. The reduction of
the energy transmittance (g-value) in winter can be obtained at -11% for laminated glass and -15% for isolated
glass and the reduction of the solar reduction ratio (Fc-value) in the summer can be received at +61% for
laminated glass and +50% for isolated glass.
Large Area Excimer Laser Doping for High Efficiency Crystalline Si Solar Cells Using EXCICO LTA-TD Equipment
Creators: name: Paviet-Salomon, B.
name: Lerat, J.F.
name: Emeraud, T.
name: Manuel, S.
name: Gall, S.
name: Monna, R.
name: Slaoui, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1358-1360
description: This work aims at investigating excimer laser doping (ELD) for crystalline silicon solar cells using a
308 nm wavelength excimer laser featuring both a long pulse duration (> 150 ns) and a very large spot size
(> 200 mm2), and delivering a process uniformity in the range of ± 1.5 %. Our work focused on two main objectives:
the optimization of the contact resistance (Rc) obtained with screen-printed contacts on laser-doped areas on one
hand, and the processing of selective emitter (SE) solar cells using ELD from the phosphosilicate glass layer on the
other. Contact resistance investigation showed that Rc on excimer laser-doped emitters was of the same order of
magnitude than on POCl3 furnace-diffused emitters. The influence of the laser energy density on the SE cells
performances was also investigated. Using suitable laser energy density, ELD – SE cells (125 × 125 mm²) featured
improved short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage while keeping excellent fill factors, leading to an
overall gain in efficiency of + 0.3 %abs.
Quantum information processing in phase space: A modular variables approach
Creators: name: Ketterer, A.
name: Keller, A.
name: Walborn, S. P.
name: Coudreau, T.
name: Milman, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary quantum information can be fault tolerantly encoded in states defined in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Such states define a computational basis, and permit a perfect equivalence between continuous and discrete universal operations. The drawback of this encoding is that the corresponding logical states are unphysical, meaning infinitely localized in phase space. We use the modular variables formalism to show that, in a number of protocols relevant for quantum information and for the realization of fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, it is possible to loosen the requirements on the logical subspace without jeopardizing their usefulness or their successful implementation. Such protocols involve measurements of appropriately chosen modular observables that permit the readout of the encoded discrete quantum information from the corresponding logical states. Finally, we demonstrate the experimental feasibility of our approach by applying it to the transverse degrees of freedom of single photons.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Energy Loss Due to Irradiance Enhancement
Creators: name: Zehner, M.
name: Weigl, T.
name: Thaler, S.
name: Schrank, O.
name: Czakalla, M.
name: Mayer, B.
name: Betts, T.R.
name: Gottschalg, R.
name: Behrens, K.
name: Koenig Langlo, G.
name: Giesler, B.
name: Becker, G.
name: Mayer, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3935-3938
description: The analysis of high resolution measurement data from Munich showed significant and repeated
irradiance peaks. For irradiance enhancement (IE), the observed irradiance is above the theoretically-calculated
global irradiance of a clear-sky day (i.e. for the given time with a clear-sky and atmosphere). The increased irradiance
is caused mainly by reflections from cumulus clouds. Concurrent with the elevated global irradiance, low ambient
and module temperatures were observed, due to cloud coverage between irradiance enhancement peaks. This analysis
investigates the essential meteorological observations from these data records. It also depicts the technological effects
on a PV system. To illustrate this, the irradiance peaks are classified by their specific characteristics such as
magnitude, duration, distribution or slope. Data sets from several Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) sites,
representing various climatic zones are examined to evaluate the magnitude of this effect across Europe and its
dependence on general meteorological conditions. It is crucial to understand the PV system response to the monitored
IE-effects. The employment of the simulation environment INSEL (for various PV cell types and panels) enables
simulations incorporating high resolution measurement data and (commercially available) PV module simulation
data. The output power of the modules investigated can be up to 30 % higher than under STC conditions. The system
response was also explored by using a solar generator simulator and by evaluating data sets of operating MW PV
plants.
Dynamics of a membrane interacting with an active wall
Creators: name: Yasuda, Kento
name: Komura, Shigeyuki
name: Okamoto, Ryuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active motions of a biological membrane can be induced by non-thermal fluctuations that occur in the outer environment of the membrane. We discuss the dynamics of a membrane interacting hydrodynamically with an active wall that exerts random velocities on the ambient fluid. Solving the hydrodynamic equations of a bound membrane, we first derive a dynamic equation for the membrane fluctuation amplitude in the presence of different types of walls. Membrane two-point correlation functions are calculated for three different cases; (i) a static wall, (ii) an active wall, and (iii) an active wall with an intrinsic time scale. We focus on the mean squared displacement (MSD) of a tagged membrane describing the Brownian motion of a membrane segment. For the static wall case, there are two asymptotic regimes of MSD ($\sim t^{2/3}$ and $\sim t^{1/3}$) when the hydrodynamic decay rate changes monotonically. In the case of an active wall, the MSD grows linearly in time ($\sim t$) in the early stage, which is unusual for a membrane segment. This linear-growth region of the MSD is further extended when the active wall has a finite intrinsic time scale.
Semiclassical analysis of loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Conrady, Florian
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Schleifen-Quantengravitation
subject: Spin-Schäume
subject: Gittereichfeldtheorie
subject: Klassische und semiklassische Methoden
subject: Lattice gauge theory
subject: Loop quantum gravity
subject: Spin foams
subject: Classical and semiclassical methods
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 29 Physik, Astronomie

description: In dieser Dissertation untersuchen und entwickeln wir neue Methoden, die dabei helfen sollen eine effektive semiklassische Beschreibung der kanonischen Loop-Quantengravitation und der Spinfoam-Gravitation zu bestimmen. Einer kurzen Einführung in die Loop-Quantengravitation folgen drei Forschungsartikel, die die Resultate der Doktorarbeit präsentieren. Im ersten Artikel behandeln wir das Problem der Zeit und einen neuen Vorschlag zur Implementierung von Eigenzeit durch Randbedingungen an Pfadintegrale: wir untersuchen eine konkrete Realisierung dieses Formalismus für die freie Skalarfeldtheorie. Im zweiten Artikel übersetzen wir semiklassische Zustände der linearisierten Gravitation in Zustände der Loop-Quantengravitation. Deren Eigenschaften deuten an, wie sich Semiklassizität im Loop-Formalismus manifestiert, and wie man dies benützen könnte, um semiklassische Entwicklungen herzuleiten. Im dritten Teil schlagen wir eine neue Formulierung von Spinfoam-Modellen vor, die vollständig Triangulierungs- und Hintergrund-unabhängig ist: mit Hilfe einer Symmetrie-Bedingung identifizieren wir Spinfoam-Modelle, deren Triangulierungs-Abhängigkeit auf natürliche Weise entfernt werden kann.
description: In this Ph.D. thesis, we explore and develop new methods that should help in determining an effective semiclassical description of canonical loop quantum gravity and spin foam gravity. A brief introduction to loop quantum gravity is followed by three research papers that present the results of the Ph.D. project. In the first article, we deal with the problem of time and a new proposal for implementing proper time as boundary conditions in a sum over histories: we investigate a concrete realization of this formalism for free scalar field theory. In the second article, we translate semiclassical states of linearized gravity into states of loop quantum gravity. The properties of the latter indicate how semiclassicality manifests itself in the loop framework, and how this may be exploited for doing semiclassical expansions. In the third part, we propose a new formulation of spin foam models that is fully triangulation- and background-independent: by means of a symmetry condition, we identify spin foam models whose triangulation-dependence can be naturally removed.
Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor Performance Measurements on Amorphous Silicon and Micromorph (a-Si/µc-Si) Large-Area Thin Film Solar Modules
Creators: name: Virtuani, A.
name: Pravettoni, M.
name: Müllejans, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2379-2385
description: In the present work we compare outdoor and indoor performance measurements of two sets of thin
film large-area (> 1m2) modules: 1) single-junction a-Si and 2) tandem a-Si/μc-Si. For the single-junction device, the
indoor measurement with a pulsed solar simulator – after mismatch factor (MMF) correction - underestimates the
Pmax by 3.3% compared to the outdoor measured Pmax (also MMF corrected), whereas for the tandem device the
indoor measurements overestimates the Pmax by 4.9%. For the single-junction modules the discrepancy is within the
measurement uncertainty of our measurement set-ups, whereas for tandem devices the discrepancy between indoor
and outdoor slightly exceeds the calculated measurement uncertainty valid for standard devices. However, our
calculation of measurement uncertainties did neither take sweep speed effects into account nor did it consider the
uncertainties arising in the special case of tandem devices, due to current mismatch. Sweep-time measurements show
the influence of the IV scan speed and direction on the measured FF, and therefore on Pmax. According to our results
flashers with a pulse duration of 1.5 ms are not sufficient and at least 10 ms should be used to test these devices in a
laboratory. The discrepancies in the measurement of short circuit current (Isc) for both set of devices may originate
from uncertainties in the calculation of the MMF correction. Moreover, for tandem devices the spectral mismatch
correction is not yet standardized, but in one approach each junction is treated as a separate device. Although a larger
temperature range is accepted for the outdoor performance measurement a relatively good match between indoor and
outdoor measurements is obtained for Voc. These results will form the basis for the performance measurement of
large-area multi-junction devices at ESTI and the development of a calibration procedure for tandem devices.
title: The future is unwritten. E-publishing in small nations of Europe: A comparative approach to policy frameworks and small business strategies
Creators: name: Klamet, Anna Friederike Maria Elise
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2021

description: Digitisation, together with the spread of the internet, has initiated a transition phase in publishing. This transition not only affects the production process but also the way of communication, the product itself and its distribution. International corporations have entered the digital marketplace and transformed the whole publishing network. Research has shown from an industry perspective that digital disruption forces established firms to adapt in order to capitalise on new opportunities digital technologies offer and to survive in an increasingly complex and competitive global environment. However, whilst the impact of digital technologies and their potential for disruptive innovation in publishing has been studied in a wider industry context, there is a lack of comparative research focusing on smaller markets and how legal frameworks, language market and firm size affect the ability of publishing houses to adapt and the adaption process itself. Hence this thesis investigates the impact of digitisation on small trade publishing houses in three small nations in Europe with differing market characteristics: Austria, Scotland and Slovenia. To investigate how strategies, mind-sets, market characteristics and policy frameworks shape the ability of publishers to innovate and adapt their publishing practices, the business model was chosen as a framework, which allows a study of this adaption to digitisation holistically, at the firm and industry level. Following an explorative approach, in-depth qualitative expert interviews were conducted and triangulated with market statistics and secondary sources. The findings show that small publishing houses in small nations seem to profit from an international and multi-channel storytelling strategy with a focus on publishing in English online. Moreover, an entrepreneurial mind-set, especially when encouraged by adequate national cultural policies, is crucial for innovation while legacy procedures fail to encourage adaption. Hence extensive business model innovations originate at the fringes of the publishing industry while most established small publishing houses focus on incremental business model innovations.
title: Enhancing storm surge resilience for coastal habitat: A framework to support sustainable development
Creators: name: Karthik, Anitha Devi
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2021

description: More than 2.4 billion people live within 100 km of the sea coastline. Between 2016-2019 there has been a rising trend in tropical cyclone’s intensity and the frequency. Such cyclone events irrespective of their hurricane categorisation have persistently triggered coastal flooding such as storm surges of at least 7 ft (2 m). Over this period disaster losses from tropical cyclones have been estimated as US$ 343 billion, with over 3,333 deaths. A review of previous studies found that 47% of the Atlantic Cyclone’s deaths were caused by storm surges-triggered by hurricanes and not just by hurricanes themselves. The unique characteristics of storm surge and the uncertainty coupled with the lack of hurricane intensity prediction potentially leave coastal communities and the infrastructure directly exposed to the socioeconomic risk. The aim of this research is to develop a framework which helps enhance the resilience of coastal habitat to storm surge hazard. The proposed framework considers the adaptive capacity of developing countries, and its structure is developed by reviewing the current practices and strategies of disaster management for storm surge hazard triggered by tropical cyclones identifying the gaps and challenges. A framework approach could support the future resilience, reducing the disaster losses, both in terms of lives and in terms of socioeconomic, and environmental impacts of countries. This research fits within the wider knowledge field of disaster risk management and sustainable community’s enhancement adopts a qualitative exploratory research design based on case study methodology. The study focused on the implementation of four main disaster phases such as the (i) preparedness (ii) response (iii) recovery and (iv) mitigation of the disaster risk management (DRM) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) which had occurred from different events chosen for the case study and had occurred between 2000-2017. The examination of individual case studies and the cross-case syntheses of the cases resulted in identifying the commonalities and obtain insights into the DRM practices and governance in various countries. Gaps within current DRM strategies and their practices before, during and after the occurrence of the disaster were also identified which has assisted in the recommendations within this study. The findings then led to the proposal of the Disaster Adaptation to Mitigate Storm Surge (DAMSS) framework and guidelines for best practices. The findings and suggested approaches may also help governments, planners, engineers, builders, forecasters, emergency managers, relief workers, regional bodies, insurance, civil protection organisations, public and private officials of all the developing countries, to reduce future losses, where there is not the same supportive development infrastructure.
The Kinematics of Plant Nutation Reveals a Simple Relation Between Curvature and the Orientation of Differential Growth
Creators: name: Bastien, Renaud
name: Meroz, Yasmine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Nutation is an oscillatory movement that plants display during their development. Despite its ubiquity among plants movements, the relation between the observed movement and the underlying biological mechanisms remains unclear. Here we show that the kinematics of the full organ in 3D gives a simple picture of plant nutation, where the orientation of the curvature along the main axis of the organ aligns with the direction of maximal differential growth. Within this framework we reexamine the validity of widely used experimental measurements of the apical tip as markers of growth dynamics. We show that though this relation is correct under certain conditions, it does not generally hold, and is not sufficient to uncover the specific role of each mechanism. As an example we re-interpret previously measured experimental observations using our model.
title: Exploration of interconnecting practices in Organizational Project Management (OPM) continuum
Creators: name: Karimi, Murad
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2021

description: This study explores aspects of the Organizational Project Management (OPM) Continuum consisting of Project Management, Program Management and Portfolio Management domains of practice as well as the Project Management Office (PMO). The purpose of this research is to understand the OPM Continuum’s domains of practice and its interconnecting relationships; and to explore where in the process the interconnection is lost or the relationship is broken, subsequently closing the research loop by identifying possible improvement and recommendation approaches.

This research adopts a practice-based philosophy with an interpretivist stance broadly based in alignment with project-as-practice approach; and it uses an exploratory conversational semi-structured interview technique. The breath of this research covers both at a global level as well as diversified industries. The major contribution to knowledge and practice is the recommendations that will be able to improve practice and enable professional and organizational development and growth. It is contended that the benefits reaped from this research will be able to empower the PMO community of practitioners with the knowledge to improve the OPM Continuum on a global scale.
title: Incubation to commercialization: An investigation into the optimal service needs of nascent entrepreneurs within the Integrated Business Incubation System (IBIS) programme
Creators: name: James, Brian L.
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2021

description: The study explored the role of the Integrated Business Incubation System (IBIS) in addressing the business and technical services needs of new nascent entrepreneurs. It is the desire of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago’s to provide a comprehensive nurturing environment for new Small and Micro enterprises (SMEs) while acting as a vehicle for growth and development. They envisaged this will enhance the link between entrepreneurship and development, supporting and encouraging the emerging entrepreneur and driving economic growth.

The researcher conducted twelve interviews with incubated clients of the IBIS programme, to explore the global best practices of incubators of their service needs and to investigate if they can adequately facilitate new nascent entrepreneurs in Trinidad and Tobago. The qualitative approach used allowed for direct interface with the incubatee and provided a rich source of evidence of key services required providing a mix of business and technical services that sought to expand the service reach of the IBIS programme.

It was concluded from the study, that there should be more structured recruitment of clients towards sector specific areas, developing an entrepreneurial culture and greater technology innovation support. Jones & Parry (2011) wrote about this and share similar views. The new evidence helped shape the development of a conceptual framework of services that can guide the new entrepreneurial client along a development path that proposed to be more efficient and effective than what was obtainable in the past.

The key practice contribution of this research is the opportunity it may provide to improve the operational effectiveness of the IBIS programme through the expansion of services. The prospective conceptual framework could provide a more structured approach to incubating clients, as it takes into consideration all types of entrepreneurs whether the business is product or services oriented, introducing a new technology process area that carries the entrepreneur through different stages of development. The significance of this is the progress of the entrepreneur can be measured in their growth and success and this can help to instigate less chances of failure occurring.
title: Diversity and digital leadership: Understanding experiences of workplace equality, diversity and inclusion
Creators: name: Highton, Melissa
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2021

description: The aim of this research is to gain an understanding of the experiences and perceptions of workplace equality and diversity issues amongst digital leaders in higher education. The participants interviewed for this study are digital leaders working in universities in Scotland in 2019. The study provides a snapshot of data which has been interpreted to provide an understanding of the experiences and attitudes towards workplace equality, diversity and inclusion. It is the first study of its kind as it focuses on overlapping areas of leadership (diversity, digital and organisational) amongst digital leaders in higher education, a group rarely researched.

The study highlights the issues of power and privilege which shape the experience of the participants. It takes an intersectional approach to understanding the diverse identity characteristics of digital leaders, recognising that people’s identities and social positions at work are shaped by multiple and interconnected factors, and the significance of these factors for leadership.

Digital leadership is an emerging area of leadership studies which is gaining popularity as organisations seek to ensure that their businesses are best positioned to thrive in an increasingly digital world. Diversity leadership is also an emerging discipline defined by combining diversity principles and leadership competencies for workplace development. The data in this study indicate that digital leaders identify their own and organisational values as drivers for action around equality and diversity at work, and that these are negotiated and balanced in context and that that context includes policies, practice, leadership and risk. Digital leaders in this study consistently highlighted areas of personal, professional and reputational risks to themselves. Significantly they found that championing diversity could work against their leadership of digital thus undermining their leadership effectiveness. Understanding these perceived risks, and the interplay of diversity and digital leadership is essential for moving forwards in developing digital and diversity leadership within organisations.
Industrial Selective Emitter Processes for Czochralski-Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kumar, P.
name: Wijekoon, K.
name: Tanner, D.
name: Rapolu, K.
name: Zhe, D.
name: Huang, H.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Wang, S.
name: Bhanap, A.
name: Chen, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1334-1339
description: Screen printable dopant paste has been used in this study to form localized heavily doped n++ emitter. The printability of dopant paste is studied using an Applied Baccini Softline® and manual printer. The dopant line width can be controlled within ± 30 µm of screen openings dependent on the laboratory or production environment. The shallow emitter is optimized for junction depth, low saturation current density and better device performance. The optimized emitter has an emitter saturation current density of ~50 fA/cm2. The metal alignments to dopant finger lines are successfully carried out using Applied Baccini EsattoTM technology. Selective emitter crystalline-silicon (c-Si) solar cells are fabricated using low cost dopant paste resulted in best conversion efficiency of 18.9% with open circuit voltage Voc 643 mV and current density jsc of 37.5 mA/cm2.  The internal quantum efficiency of selective emitter solar cells clearly shows improvement in the blue response (92% at 400 nm).
Weyl Consistency Conditions in Non-Relativistic Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Pal, Sridip
name: Grinstein, Benjamín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl consistency conditions have been used in unitary relativistic quantum field theory to impose constraints on the renormalization group flow of certain quantities. We classify the Weyl anomalies and their renormalization scheme ambiguities for generic non-relativistic theories in 2+1 dimensions with anisotropic scaling exponent z=2; the extension to other values of z are discussed as well. We give the consistency conditions among these anomalies. As an application we find several candidates for a C-theorem. We comment on possible candidates for a $C$-theorem in higher dimensions.
description: 38 pages, 1 figure, 7 tables; We took out the section on arbitrary dimension in version:2 !! In version:3 , a section (Sec: V) with NEW RESULTS on possible C-theorem candidates in arbitrary dimensions is added; v4:matched with journal version and updated section II
Performance Analysis of 10,000 Residential PV Systems in France and Belgium
Creators: name: Leloux, J.
name: Narvarte, L.
name: Trebosc, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3939-3946
description: The main objective of this paper is to review the state of the art of residential PV systems in France and
Belgium. This is done analyzing the operational data of 10650 PV systems (9657 located in France and 993 in
Belgium). Three main questions are posed. How much energy do they produce? What level of performance is
associated to their production? Which are the key parameters that most influence their quality? During the year 2010,
the PV systems in France have produced a mean annual energy of 1163 kWh/kWp in France and 852 kWh/kWp in
Belgium. As a whole, the orientation of PV generators causes energy productions to be some 7% inferior to optimally
oriented PV systems. The mean Performance Ratio is 76% in France and 78% in Belgium, and the mean Performance
Index is 85% in both countries. On average, the real power of the PV modules falls 4.9% below its corresponding
nominal power announced on the manufacturer’s datasheet. A brief analysis by PV modules technology has lead to
relevant observations about two technologies in particular. On the one hand, the PV systems equipped with
Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer (HIT) modules show performances higher than average. On the other hand,
the systems equipped with Copper Indium (di)Selenide (CIS) modules show a real power that is 16 % lower than
their nominal value.
Mechanical Strength of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Influencing Factors
Creators: name: Popovich, V.A.
name: Yunus, A.
name: Janssen, M.
name: Bennett, I.
name: Richardson, I.M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2631-2636
description: Silicon wafer thickness reduction without increasing
the wafer strength leads to a high
fracture rate during subsequent handling and
processing steps. Cracking of solar cells has
become one of the major sources of solar
module failure and rejection. Hence, it is important
to evaluate the mechanical strength of
solar cells and factors influencing this. The
purpose of this work is to understand the fracture
behavior of silicon solar cells and to provide
information regarding the bending
strength of the cells.
The effects on silicon wafer strength of saw
damage and of triple junctions, grain size and
grain boundaries are investigated. Also the
effects of metallization paste type and firing
conditions on the strength of solar cells are
considered. Significant changes in fracture
strength are found as a result of silicon wafer
crystallinity and of metallization morphology. It
is observed that the aluminum paste type influences
the strength of the solar cells.
Use of Linear Correlation Coefficients in the Analysis of Carrier Density Imaging Recombination Lifetime Maps
Creators: name: Cornagliotti, E.
name: John, J.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Mertens, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2649-2653
description: We propose an analytical study of recombination lifetime maps obtained with lock-in Carrier Density
Imaging technique. Recombination lifetime maps obtained from the amplitude output (A-) are put in correlation with
lifetime maps obtained from phase output (F-) and with real-time maps. The latter encompass the effects of surface
morphology and lateral doping variation on the absorption/emission of the mid-infrared radiation (MIR, l=1.5~5
μm) used as detection principle. We use the Carrier Density Imaging setup in absorption mode and the quantifier we
adopt is the Pearson (linear) correlation coefficient r. Analysis of the local r maps suggests that strong negative
correlation is associated to the surface morphology artifacts present in A- maps, while areas of strong positive
correlation can be associated with lateral doping variations, which have a direct impact on the local effective lifetime.
Back-Contact Behaviour for Electrodeposited CdTe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Oktik, S.
name: Ozsan, M.E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CdTe Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3084-3086
description: CdTe/CdS based solar cells are a leading candidate for multi-gigawatt annual production. However
fundamental issues such as back-contact stability, control of uniformity over large areas, reduced absorber layer thickness
(≤1μm), higher module efficiency, and standardization of equipment for deposition of the CdTe layer are still serious aspects
in the fabrication of high performance, low cost, large area stable CdTe based solar cells. This paper aims to contribute the
back contact issues by detailed device measurements for CdTe/CdS based solar cells fabricated using electrodeposited CdTe
thin film photovoltaic technology. The transition temperature from the conducting to the rectifying state for the quasi- ohmic
back contact is found to be strongly correlated to the surface etches before back contact metallization. The effects of the
second junction to open circuit voltage and the short circuit current of devices are reported.
Yukawa couplings in 6D gauge-Higgs unification on $T^2/Z_N$ with magnetic fluxes
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Yoshio
name: Sakamura, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the Yukawa couplings in 6D gauge-Higgs unification models on $T^2/Z_N$ in the presence of magnetic fluxes. We provide general formulae for them, and numerically evaluate their magnitude in a specific model on $T^2/Z_3$. Thanks to the nontrivial profiles of the zero-mode wave functions, the top quark Yukawa coupling can be reproduced without introducing a large representation of the gauge group for matter fields. However, it is difficult to realize small Yukawa couplings only by the magnetic fluxes and the Wilson-line phases because of the complicated structure of the mode functions on $T^2/Z_N$ ($N=3,4,6$).
description: 36 pages, typos corrected
Black Multicrystalline Solar Modules Using Novel Multilayer Antireflection Stacks
Creators: name: Junghänel, M.
name: Schädel, M.
name: Stolze, L.
name: Peters, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2637-2641
description: Today multi- and monocrystaline solar cells are typically wet-chemically textured and coated with a
thin layer of silicon nitride to reduce losses due to light reflection and for electrical passivation of the silicon surface.
In this paper we investigate a layer stack consisting of silicon nitride (SiNx:H) with a high refractive index at the
silicon interface, an intermediate SiNx:H layer and on top a silicon oxynitride layer with a low refractive index. This
SiNx/SiOxNy-multilayer approach significantly reduces reflection in the range between 350 – 1200 nm both on cell
and module level. Electrical parameters of mc-Si solar cells and encapsulation losses are presented showing that the
SiNx/SiOxNy-stack can improve cell efficiency by 0.24 % (abs.) and module efficiency by 0.08 % (abs.) compared to
a SiNx-single layer coating. The stack was designed to give a uniform black color after encapsulation under solar
glass and filler sheet. Special care was taken to ensure that the appearance of the encapsulated cell depends little on
the total thickness of the stack. An optical model is presented that predicts the short circuit current on a textured mc-
Si solar cell with multilayer antireflection coating.
Influence of Spacial and Temporal Laser Beam Characteristics on Thin-Film Ablation
Creators: name: Westin, P.-O.
name: Schmidt, S.C.
name: Hüske, M.
name: Edoff, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CdTe Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3087-3090
description: In an endeavor to explore the use of laser scribing to replace mechanical scribing in CIGS thin-film PV
module production we have evaluated the possibility of P3 patterning using a picosecond laser. We found that
picosecond laser scribing can be used to remove the semiconductor layers ZnO:Al and CIGS simultaneously as well
as selectively removing only the ZnO:Al layer. Selective removal was deemed superior both from a processing point
of view and from electrical device results. Picosecond patterning resulted in a clean and sharply defined P3 isolation
scribe with minimal damage to the underlying CIGS layer. Devices made during this work were in part patterned
uniquely by laser methods, including the P2 pattern.
A hidden history
Creators: name: Peppers, Emily
Publisher: name: International Committee for University Museums and Collections (UMAC)
Year: 2008

description: The Cultural Collections Audit project began at the University of Edinburgh in 2004, searching for hidden treasures in its 'distributed heritage collections' across the university. The objects and collections recorded in the Audit ranged widely from fine art and furniture to historical scientific and teaching equipment and personalia relating to key figures in the university's long tradition of academic excellence. This information was gathered in order to create a central database of information, to identify objects in vulnerable or dangerous situations, to identify items that require conservation, and for insurance purposes. The response of colleagues in all areas of the university has been overwhelmingly positive. The Audit has proved successful in raising awareness of collections and collections issues both within the university and with the national media, instilling a sense of pride among non-museums university staff who have tirelessly safeguarded these heritage collections despite ongoing pressure to downsize. The Audit highlighted a number of issues in the university's non-formal collections including environmental conditions, departmental relocations, object conditions, security, insurance, storage and long-term preservation. With the positive support and specialist knowledge of established contacts in every department of the university, the Audit worked to bring these collections and issues to light by acting as a resource for information, identifying vulnerable items and challenge areas, and by celebrating the university's rich object history through an online website dedicated to the Audit. This paper details the challenges identified by the Cultural Audit, and gives examples of positive solutions that enable preservation while promoting pride in academic excellence and innovation.
A New Approach to Simulating the Electricity Yield of Complex BIPV Structures
Creators: name: Sprenger, W.
name: Solntsev, S.
name: Wilson, H.R.
name: Kuhn, T.E.
name: Zeman, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4094-4098
description: A new methodology of simulating the electricity yield of complex BIPV systems is presented. The methodology allows
a detailed optical analysis of the surroundings of the BIPV system by separating the time-independent ray-tracing of the
given geometry from the time-dependent sky simulation when the radiation incident on a photovoltaic element is
calculated. This separation is achieved through the discretization of the sky and by calculating the contribution of every
sky region on the incidence-angle-dependent irradiance. The method allows the impact of shading, reflected light from
other buildings, shading of the ground, and many other effects to be analyzed. The time-dependent results of the optical
simulation under the assumption of a power spectral density function dependent on the air mass are forwarded to the PV
device simulator ASA that calculates the generation profile in the photovoltaic layers. Taking material parameters into
account, ASA calculates the I-V characteristics of every cell of the BIPV system at each point in time. Under the
assumption of linear resistive losses within the modules, these functions are coupled to a system I-V function.
Going Deeper with Contextual CNN for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Creators: name: Lee, Hyungtae
name: Kwon, Heesung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we describe a novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that is deeper and wider than other existing deep networks for hyperspectral image classification. Unlike current state-of-the-art approaches in CNN-based hyperspectral image classification, the proposed network, called contextual deep CNN, can optimally explore local contextual interactions by jointly exploiting local spatio-spectral relationships of neighboring individual pixel vectors. The joint exploitation of the spatio-spectral information is achieved by a multi-scale convolutional filter bank used as an initial component of the proposed CNN pipeline. The initial spatial and spectral feature maps obtained from the multi-scale filter bank are then combined together to form a joint spatio-spectral feature map. The joint feature map representing rich spectral and spatial properties of the hyperspectral image is then fed through a fully convolutional network that eventually predicts the corresponding label of each pixel vector. The proposed approach is tested on three benchmark datasets: the Indian Pines dataset, the Salinas dataset and the University of Pavia dataset. Performance comparison shows enhanced classification performance of the proposed approach over the current state-of-the-art on the three datasets.
description: 14 pages