cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Mass-Metallicity Relation for Giant Planets
Creators: name: Thorngren, Daniel P.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Murray-Clay, Ruth A.
name: Lopez, Eric D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanet discoveries of recent years have provided a great deal of new data for studying the bulk compositions of giant planets. Here we identify 47 transiting giant planets ($20 M_\oplus < M < 20 M_{\mathrm{J}}$) whose stellar insolation is low enough ($F_* < 2\times10^8\; \text{erg}\; \text{s}^{-1}\; \text{cm}^{-2}$, or roughly $T_\text{eff} < 1000$) that they are not affected by the hot Jupiter radius inflation mechanism(s). We compute a set of new thermal and structural evolution models and use these models in comparison with properties of the 47 transiting planets (mass, radius, age) to determine their heavy element masses. A clear correlation emerges between the planetary heavy element mass $M_z$ and the total planet mass, approximately of the form $M_z \propto \sqrt{M}$. This finding is consistent with the core accretion model of planet formation. We also study how stellar metallicity [Fe/H] affects planetary metal-enrichment and find a weaker correlation than has been previously reported from studies with smaller sample sizes. We confirm a strong relationship between the planetary metal-enrichment relative to the parent star $Z_{\rm planet}/Z_{\rm star}$ and the planetary mass, but see no relation in $Z_{\rm planet}/Z_{\rm star}$ with planet orbital properties or stellar mass. The large heavy element masses of many planets ($>50$ $M_{\oplus}$) suggest significant amounts of heavy elements in H/He envelopes, rather than cores, such that metal-enriched giant planet atmospheres should be the rule. We also discuss a model of core-accretion planet formation in a one-dimensional disk and show that it agrees well with our derived relation between mass and $Z_{\rm planet}/Z_{\rm star}$.
description: Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal. This revision adds a substantial amount of discussion; the results are the same
title: Urachal cyst: radiological findings and review of cases.
Creators: name: Álvarez Silva, Iria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cysts
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Urachal abnormalities are rare, with an incidence of 2 cases per 300,000 hospital admissions. The urachus, or median umbilical ligament, is a midline tubular structure that extends from the apex of the bladder up to the umbilicus. It is a vestigial...
Sulfo-SMCC Prevents Annealing of Taxol-Stabilized Microtubules In Vitro
Creators: name: Prabhune, Meenakshi
name: von Roden, Kerstin
name: Rehfeldt, Florian
name: Schmidt, Christoph F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microtubule structure and functions have been widely studied in vitro and in cells. Research has shown that cysteines on tubulin play a crucial role in the polymerization of microtubules. Here, we show that blocking sulfhydryl groups of cysteines in taxol-stabilized polymerized microtubules with a commonly used chemical crosslinker prevents temporal end-to-end annealing of microtubules in vitro. This can dramatically affect the length distribution of the microtubules. The crosslinker sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, sulfo-SMCC, consists of a maleimide and an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester group to bind to sulfhydryl groups and primary amines, respectively. Interestingly, addition of a maleimide dye alone does not show the same interference with annealing in stabilized microtubules. This study shows that the sulfhydryl groups of cysteines of tubulin that are vital for the polymerization are also important for the subsequent annealing of microtubules.
description: 3 figures
title: Are Migrated Clips Reportable ?
Creators: name: Ahyad, Rayan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Foreign bodies
subject: Education and training
subject: Complications
subject: CT
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of our educational exhibit is to show the importance of identifying the migrated clips and carefully evaluating them for their potential harmful complications that might be...
An Alternative Monte Carlo-based Methodology for Generating the Remediation Goals used to Guide Superfund Actions
Creators: name: Pekar, Zachary
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: The remediation actions at Superfund sites are guided by remediation goals based on the site-specific assessment of target-population risk. These goals, once achieved through remediation, are required to provide target- populations with a specified degree of protection from both carcinogenic and systemic toxicant risk. Because the resources allocated by society for the remediation of Superfund sites are finite, it is not possible to remediate all sites to a pristine state. Therefore, a balance must be struck between the amount of resources spent on remediation and the level of protection provided to target- populations through remediation. Once this balance is established, if the remediation goals generated do not provide the specified level of target- population protection dictated by that balance, public health will suffer. If remediation goals are overly protective, the increased resource requirements necessary to achieve the overly protective remediation goals will result in a smaller overall number of sites being addressed. Although the target-populations impacted directly by the overly protective remediation goals will experience an increased level of protection, other target- populations at those Superfund sites which are not remediated will continue to face their risk without any mitigation. If remediation goals are under protective, then the target-populations at the sites which are remediated will continue to face unacceptable risk-levels even after remediation. If public- health is to be protected, then the balance that is struck between target- population protection and remediation costs must be maintained through the generation of remediation goals that provide the specified level of target- population protection. The methodology used by the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) for generating remediation goals has shortcomings which can result in the generation of goals that do not provide the specified level of target- population protection. Therefore, during Superfund remediation actions, the balance between target-population protection and remediation costs may be undermined resulting in a negative impact on public health. This thesis presents an alternative methodology for generating the remediation goals used in Superfund remediation which is intended to address the shortcomings identified in the EPA's methodology. The alternative methodology presented in this thesis is comprised of two basic components: a Monte Carlo-based approach towards generating remediation goals and improvements in three areas of target-population risk characterization. In order to assess how the remediation goals generated using the alternative methodology compare to those generated using EPA's methodology (more or less conservative) an actual Superfund site will be evaluated using both methodologies.
title: Feasibility of Half-Dose Chest CT Using New Iterative Reconstruction Technique in Patients with Malignancy
Creators: name: Kang, Hee
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Technology assessment
subject: CT
subject: Thorax

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of half-dose chest CT images reconstructed with SAFIRE and to determine the optimal strength in patients with primary or metastatic lung...
Data quality for the inverse Ising problem
Creators: name: Decelle, Aurélien
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
name: Zhang, Pan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are many methods proposed for inferring parameters of the Ising model from given data, that is a set of configurations generated according to the model itself. However little attention has been paid until now to the data, e.g. how the data is generated, whether the inference error using one set of data could be smaller than using another set of data, etc. In this paper we address the data quality problem in the kinetic inverse Ising problem. We quantify the quality of data using effective rank of the correlation matrix, and show that data gathered in a out of-equilibrium regime has a better quality than data gathered in equilibrium for coupling reconstruction. We also propose a matrix-perturbation based method for tuning the quality of given data and for removing bad-quality (i.e. redundant) configurations from data.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Spherical vacuum and scalar collapse for the Starobinsky R^2 model
Creators: name: Guo, Jun-Qi
name: Joshi, Pankaj S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherical vacuum and scalar collapse for the Starobinsky R^2 model is simulated. Obtained by considering the quantum-gravitational effects, this model would admit some cases of singularity-free cosmological spacetimes. It is found, however, that in vacuum and scalar collapse, when f' or the physical scalar field is strong enough, a black hole including a central singularity can be formed. In addition, near the central singularity, gravity dominates the repulsion from the potential, so that in some circumstances the Ricci scalar is pushed to infinity by gravity. Therefore, the semiclassical effects as included here do not avoid the singularity problem in general relativity. A strong physical scalar field can prevent the Ricci scalar from growing to infinity. Vacuum collapse for the RlnR model is explored, and it is observed that for this model the Ricci scalar can also go to infinity as the central singularity is approached. Therefore, this feature seems universal in vacuum and scalar collapse in f(R) gravity.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Major change
Single shot imaging of trapped Fermi gas
Creators: name: Gajda, Mariusz
name: Mostowski, Jan
name: Sowiński, Tomasz
name: Załuska-Kotur, Magdalena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently developed techniques allow for simultaneous measurements of the positions of all ultra cold atoms in a trap with high resolution. Each such single shot experiment detects one element of the quantum ensemble formed by the cloud of atoms. Repeated single shot measurements can be used to determine all correlations between particle positions as opposed to standard measurements that determine particle density or two-particle correlations only. In this paper we discuss the possible outcomes of such single shot measurements in case of cloud of ultra-cold non-interacting Fermi atoms. We show that the Pauli exclusion principle alone leads to correlations between particle positions that originate from unexpected spatial structures formed by the atoms.
title: Shear Wave Elastography in Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Elasticity index as a prognostic implication
Creators: name: Jung, Woo Sang
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Thyroid / Parathyroids
subject: Elastography
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Metastases

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) spreads to regional lymph nodes frequently, but rarely causes distant metastases. PTC involves metastasis to cervical lymph nodes in 30 - 80% of patients, and recent studies have revealed that regional lymph node...
An Investigation of Gas Phase Mass Transport in Porous Media Systems
Creators: name: Bordelon, Jeffery P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: In recent years there has been increased concern regarding the subsurface contamination by volatile organic chemicals (VOC's). Many different subsurface remediation techniques have been used in order to remove these contaminants from the groundwater and from the unsaturated zone. Subsurface vapor extraction (SVE), also known as soil vapor extraction or soil venting, is one remediation technique which is being used with increased frequency to remove VOC's from the subsurface. The purpose of this research was to investigate the processes affecting the performance and applicability of this remediation technique. Laboratory experiments were conducted in two different columns packed with glass beads. VOC's at residual saturation were removed from the columns using nitrogen gas. Two different contaminants, pure toluene and a toluene-xylene mixture, were used to residually saturate the columns in order to observe the affect of contaminant volatility on removal rate. Several different pore velocities were used in order to determine if the assumption of local equilibrium between phases was valid. The results of this research indicate that the local equilibrium assumption is valid for the pore velocities to be encountered in the subsurface during the operation of a SVE system. Mass transfer rates between pure organic liquids and the vapor phase are sufficiently high for equilibrium to occur. Deviations from equilibrium were observed in several of the experiments as a result of diffusion and/or mass transfer limitations.
title: Evaluation of tube current modulation techniques in thoracic CT: systematic approach using male and female anthropomorphic phantoms
Creators: name: Matsubara, Kosuke
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Radiation physics
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT
subject: Physics
subject: Safety
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of TCM techniques on thoracic CT examinations using a systematic approach scanning both male and female anthropomorphic...
The Efficiency of Aqueous Sodium Bisulfite as a Collection Medium for Formaldehyde, Using the Midget Impinger and Varying Sampling Conditions, and the Development of a Vapor Generation System for Use in the Study
Creators: name: Blade, Leo Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: Currently, the most popular method for the collection of atmospheric samples of formaldehyde, known as the chromotropic acid method (and published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] as NIOSH Method 3500), includes the use of an impinger containing aqueous sodium bisulfite. A review of the literature indicated that the documentation of the collection efficiency for this method is limited to only a few combinations of air-flow rate, sampling time, and airborne formaldehyde concentration, and the consequent normal sampling time is about 1 hr. This study evaluated the collection efficiency across wide ranges of these factors for the purpose of extending the useful range of the method. A laboratory apparatus was developed that can precisely generate known airborne formaldehyde concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 6.4 ppm, and this generation apparatus was used to conduct the study. Very good collection efficiency, averaging 96%, was found across a wide range of each of the three factors varied in the study. Specifically, flow rates between 0.1 and 1 L/min, sampling times between 1 and 4 hr, and concentrations between 0.4 and 6.4 ppm were determined to provide good collection efficiency. An exception to this statement is that for the combination of long sampling times and high concentrations, a statistically significant trend of declining efficiency was detected; however, it was not determined what physical significance the latter finding held.
title: Relationship among internal-abdominal adiposity and subcutaneous-abdominal adipose tissues using ultrasound in eutrophic, overweight and obese pre-pubertal children
Creators: name: PECANHA, ARINE
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Metabolic disorders

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Childhood obesity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that causes health risks. In children the parameter used for the classification among normal weight, overweight or obese is the body...
Discrepancies between observational data and theoretical forecast in single field slow roll inflation
Creators: name: Amorós, Jaume
name: de Haro, Jaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PLANCK collaboration has determined values for the spectral parameters of the CMB radiation, namely the spectral index $n_s$, its running $α_s$, the running of the running $β_s$, using a growing body of measurements of CMB anisotropies by the Planck satellite and other missions. These values do not follow the hierarchy of sizes predicted by single field, slow roll inflationary theory, and are thus difficult to fit for such inflation models. In this work we present first a study of 49 single field, slow roll inflationary potentials in which we assess the likelyhood of these models fitting the spectral parameters to their currently most accurate determination given by the PLANCK collaboration. We check numerically with a MATLAB program the spectral parameters that each model can yield for a very broad, comprehensive list of possible parameter and field values. The comparison of spectral parameter values supported by the models with their determinations by the PLANCK collaboration leads to the conclusion that the data provided by PLANCK2015 TT+lowP and PLANCK2015 TT,TE,EE+lowP taking into account the running of the running disfavours 40 of the 49 models with confidence level at least 92.8\%. Next, we discuss the reliability of the current computations of these spectral parameters. We identify a bias in the method of determination of the spectral parameters by least residue parameter fitting (using MCMC or any other scheme) currently used to reconstruct the power spectrum of scalar perturbations. This bias can explain the observed contradiction between theory and observations. Its removal is computationally costly, but necessary in order to compare the forecasts of single field, slow roll theories with observations.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1503.02153. Version accepted in International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Risk Assessment of Constituent Chemicals From a Complex Mixture
Creators: name: Lunasin, Heidi Engelhardt
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: This study attempts to quantify the risks from individual components of a complex mixture, specifically cigarette smoke. The target endpoints included cancers which are currently linked to cigarette smoke. The chemicals analyzed in this study included acetaldehyde, 2-nitropropane, DDT, hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. Links to cancers of the respiratory tract were established for acetaldehyde, hydrazine, and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine.
Antonia Leugers/August H. Leugers-Scherzberg/ Lucia Scherzberg, Die Wahrheitsmacher. Ludwig Volk und die Kommission für Zeitgeschichte 1962-1984
Creators: name: Reichmann, Bettina
Publisher: name: theologie.geschichte
Year: 2023

description: theologie.geschichte, Bd. 18 (2023)
Tori Detect Invertibility of Topological Field Theories
Creators: name: Schommer-Pries, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A once-extended d-dimensional topological field theory Z is a symmetric monoidal functor (taking values in a chosen target symmetric monoidal (infty,2)-category) assigning values to (d-2)-manifolds, (d-1)-manifolds, and d-manifolds. We show that if Z is at least once-extended and the value assigned to the (d-1)-torus is invertible, then the entire topological field theory is invertible, that is it factors through the maximal Picard infty-category of the target. Results are obtained in the presence of arbitrary tangential structures.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures; added application to Crane-Yetter TQFTs
title: Fat-containing lesions of the liver: What do we need to know about them?
Creators: name: Santos Montón, Cecilia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: -To review the different types of hepatic lesions that can contain fat. -To establish a relation between their histologic characteristics and the radiological findings, depending on the different imaging techniques. -To try to reach a differential...
Quaternionic Quantization Principle in General Relativity and Supergravity
Creators: name: Kober, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized quantization principle is considered, which incorporates nontrivial commutation relations of the components of the variables of the quantized theory with the components of the corresponding canonical conjugated momenta referring to other space-time directions. The corresponding commutation relations are formulated by using quaternions. At the beginning, this extended quantization concept is applied to the variables of quantum mechanics. The resulting Dirac equation and the corresponding generalized expression for plane waves are formulated and some consequences for quantum field theory are considered. Later, the quaternionic quantization principle is transferred to canonical quantum gravity. Within quantum geometrodynamics as well as the Ashtekar formalism the generalized algebraic properties of the operators describing the gravitational observables and the corresponding quantum constraints implied by the generalized representations of these operators are determined. The generalized algebra also induces commutation relations of the several components of the quantized variables with each other. Finally, the quaternionic quantization procedure is also transferred to $\mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity. Accordingly, the quantization principle has to be generalized to be compatible with Dirac brackets, which appear in canonical quantum supergravity.
description: 26 pages
Complete Dictionary Recovery over the Sphere I: Overview and the Geometric Picture
Creators: name: Sun, Ju
name: Qu, Qing
name: Wright, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of recovering a complete (i.e., square and invertible) matrix $\mathbf A_0$, from $\mathbf Y \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times p}$ with $\mathbf Y = \mathbf A_0 \mathbf X_0$, provided $\mathbf X_0$ is sufficiently sparse. This recovery problem is central to theoretical understanding of dictionary learning, which seeks a sparse representation for a collection of input signals and finds numerous applications in modern signal processing and machine learning. We give the first efficient algorithm that provably recovers $\mathbf A_0$ when $\mathbf X_0$ has $O(n)$ nonzeros per column, under suitable probability model for $\mathbf X_0$. In contrast, prior results based on efficient algorithms either only guarantee recovery when $\mathbf X_0$ has $O(\sqrt{n})$ zeros per column, or require multiple rounds of SDP relaxation to work when $\mathbf X_0$ has $O(n^{1-δ})$ nonzeros per column (for any constant $δ\in (0, 1)$). } Our algorithmic pipeline centers around solving a certain nonconvex optimization problem with a spherical constraint. In this paper, we provide a geometric characterization of the objective landscape. In particular, we show that the problem is highly structured: with high probability, (1) there are no "spurious" local minimizers; and (2) around all saddle points the objective has a negative directional curvature. This distinctive structure makes the problem amenable to efficient optimization algorithms. In a companion paper (arXiv:1511.04777), we design a second-order trust-region algorithm over the sphere that provably converges to a local minimizer from arbitrary initializations, despite the presence of saddle points.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transaction on Information Theory; revised according to the reviewers' comments
title: Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion: Normal anatomy and complications
Creators: name: Marin, Juliana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Abdomen
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: BACKGROUND: Throughout the evolution of urinary diversion surgery, multiple surgical techniques have been developed in the search for a safer method to achieve adequate control of the underlying condition of the patient, which is one that meets the...
Inhalation Exposure from Showering with Contaminated Water
Creators: name: Pate, William J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: Benzene concentrations in air resulting from showering with contaminated water are estimated by air sampling and modeling. The modeling involves calculating benzene concentrations in air after measuring inlet and outlet benzene concentrations in water, water flowrate, and bathroom dimensions. Based on benzene in air concentrations, inhalation exposure is calculated and compared to exposure resulting from ingestion of the same contaminated water. The results of this project indicate that showering with contaminated water may be a major source of indoor air contaminants and that inhalation exposure may be equal to or greater than ingestion exposure.
People’s use of shopping centres for non-shopping purposes: a scoping review protocol.
Creators: name: Pettersen, Gry
name: Nordbø, Emma
name: Ese, Jo
name: Ihlebæk, Camilla
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Urban Studies and Planning
subject: activity
subject: non-commercial
subject: public health
subject: public place
subject: public space
subject: scoping review
subject: shopping centre
subject: social
subject: urban planning
subject: well-being

description: Shopping centres have emerged as a new type of public space. They act as nodes for social interaction and leisure time activities and might thus be important for people’s well-being. However, there is limited systematic knowledge about use and experiences of shopping centres for non-shopping purposes. The aim of this scoping review is to map the current knowledge on this topic. More specifically, a synthesised overview on purposes of use that do not relate to shopping, socio-demographic characteristics of the users and the experienced qualities of the shopping centre will be provided.
Two-Dimensional Mapping of Air Contaminants using an FTIR/Computed Tomography System: Simulation Studies
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Runa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The use of Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) Spectroscopy coupled with principles of computed tomography (CT) was evaluated using numerical studies for creating spatially resolved real-time two-dimensional maps of chemical concentrations in air. The ability of an OP-FTIR/CT system to image concentration profiles that are in a state of flux was evaluated using a series of simulated concentration test maps that model the generation and dispersion of contaminant plumes over time. A computer simulation program calculated the open-path measurements that would have been obtained in the field from these test maps, assuming different interferometer scan times; using these measurements, a CT computer program created a series of reconstructed concentration maps. Reconstructed concentration maps were compared with test maps and were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The effects of changing the spatial location of OP-FTIR spectrometers and related optical components (configurations), numbers of infrared beams, reconstruction resolution and measurement noise were explored. Results of this research provide guidance as to the range of acceptable interferometer scan times that can be used to map concentrations over time. The impact of reconstruction resolution on detectability of a peak was studied and test patterns were developed to evaluate effect of multiple peaks on resolution. Seventeen OP-FTIR configurations were evaluated with respect to image quality and hardware requirements. Maximizing the independence of rays was more critical than increasing the number of OP-FTIR spectrometers. Overall, this research emphasized the need for performing computer simulations before conducting experiments.
title: Comparison between Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positive Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in detection of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Creators: name: Del Prato, Alberto
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: PET-CT
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The first-line exams in detection of pleural malignant mesothelioma (MPM) remain computed tomography (CT) and biopsy, but recently other imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole body integrated system positron emission...
Complete Dictionary Recovery over the Sphere II: Recovery by Riemannian Trust-region Method
Creators: name: Sun, Ju
name: Qu, Qing
name: Wright, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of recovering a complete (i.e., square and invertible) matrix $\mathbf A_0$, from $\mathbf Y \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times p}$ with $\mathbf Y = \mathbf A_0 \mathbf X_0$, provided $\mathbf X_0$ is sufficiently sparse. This recovery problem is central to theoretical understanding of dictionary learning, which seeks a sparse representation for a collection of input signals and finds numerous applications in modern signal processing and machine learning. We give the first efficient algorithm that provably recovers $\mathbf A_0$ when $\mathbf X_0$ has $O(n)$ nonzeros per column, under suitable probability model for $\mathbf X_0$. Our algorithmic pipeline centers around solving a certain nonconvex optimization problem with a spherical constraint, and hence is naturally phrased in the language of manifold optimization. In a companion paper (arXiv:1511.03607), we have showed that with high probability our nonconvex formulation has no "spurious" local minimizers and around any saddle point the objective function has a negative directional curvature. In this paper, we take advantage of the particular geometric structure, and describe a Riemannian trust region algorithm that provably converges to a local minimizer with from arbitrary initializations. Such minimizers give excellent approximations to rows of $\mathbf X_0$. The rows are then recovered by linear programming rounding and deflation.
description: The second of two papers based on the report arXiv:1504.06785. Accepted by IEEE Transaction on Information Theory; revised according to the reviewers' comments
title: Causes of abdominal venous thrombosis: CT findings
Creators: name: Molinero Pérez, Marta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Learning objetives: - To review the different causes of abdominal venous thrombosis and to describe, through cases from our hospital, its related radiological findings in the abdominal CT scan. - To highlight the importance of recognizing this...
title: Emphysema association in a prospective series with patients suffering from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Creators: name: Jiménez, David
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Thorax
subject: Education
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Epidemiology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: We aim to identify patients suffering from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and emphysema – within a prospective series of patients diagnosed with IPF – and to analyse their differential and survival...
title: Differential diagnosis of complex liver cysts.
Creators: name: Claret Loaiza, Sonia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Image verification

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the radiological findings complex liver cysts and correlate them with the epidemiological data, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in order to make an accurate...
Evaluation of Laboratory Hoods in the Basement and First Floors of the Rosenau Buildings
Creators: name: Ash, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: The proper location and operation of laboratory fume hoods is essential for effective and efficient protection against exposure to hazardous substances. Two qualitative and two quantitative tests, as well as other observations, were applied in the evaluation of 22 laboratory fume hoods in the basement and first floors of the Rosenau Building. The two qualitative tests allowed for visualization of the air currents inside and outside of the hood. Smoke tubes were used to assess air currents in front of the hood face, while titanium tetrachloride(TiCl4) was applied to the inner sides and bench of the laboratory fume hood to visualize the air current's behavior within the hood face. The quantitative tests measured face velocity and hood performance (with the use of Sulfur Hexafluoride(SFg) as a tracer gas). Other observations include layout of the room, condition of the hood bench, sash position during operation, location of windows, doors, make-up air units and general work practices which could affect cross-draft currents in front of the hood face. The presence of bottom slots leading to plenums were noted and maintenance records were reviewed during each hood evaluation. Recommendations are given for ways to improve each hood's efficiency and effectiveness.
Additional file 1 of Rapid analysis of spilled petroleum oils by direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry with hydrophobic paper sample collection
Creators: name: Rabinovitch, Lola
name: Saturos, Genesis
name: McCallum, Paige
name: Kwok, Honoria
name: Yan, Jeffrey
name: Filewood, Taylor
name: Cody, Robert
name: Brunswick, Pamela
name: Shang, Dayue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1.
title: How to identify interstitial pneumonias.
Creators: name: Claret Loaiza, Sonia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Image verification

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the radiological findings of interstitial pneumonias and correlate them with the epidemiological data, clinical manifestations and histopathological patterns in order to make an accurate...
Simultaneous distribution of fractional parts of Riemann zeta zeros
Creators: name: Ford, Kevin
name: Meng, Xianchang
name: Zaharescu, Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M26, 11K38

description: We investigate the simultaneous distribution of the fractional parts of $\{α_1 γ, α_2γ, \cdots, α_nγ\}$, where $n\geq 2$, $α_1$, $α_2$, $\ldots$, $α_n$ are fixed, distinct positive real numbers and $γ$ runs over the imaginary parts of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
title: Computed diffusion-weighted MR imaging for quantitative prostate cancer diagnosis: determination of optimal b-value combinations for generating high b-value images
Creators: name: Ueno, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pelvis
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Computed DWI (cDWI) is a recently proposed computational technique that produces any b-value images from DWIs acquired with at least two different b-values [1]. It is reported that cDWI at b=2000 s/mm 2 generated from DWIs with b=0 and 1000 s/mm 2...
Gravitational two solitons in Levi-Civita spacetime
Creators: name: Igata, Takahisa
name: Tomizawa, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the Pomeransky inverse scattering method to the four-dimensional vacuum Einstein equations and using the Levi-Civita solution as a seed, we construct a two-soliton solution with cylindrical symmetry. In our previous work, we constructed the one-soliton solution with a real pole and showed that the singularities that the Levi-Civita background has on an axis can be removed by the choice of certain special parameters, but it still has unavoidable null singularities, as usual one-solitons do. In this work, we show that for the two-soliton solutions, any singularities can be removed by suitable parameter-setting and such solutions describe the propagation of gravitational wave packets. Moreover, in terms of the two-soliton solutions, we mention a time shift phenomenon, the coalescence and the split of solitons as the nonlinear effect of gravitational waves.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, version to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Chemical Characterization and Dithiothreitol Reactivity of Fine Particulate Matter Derived from Fourth Generation E-Cigarette Usage
Creators: name: Long, Rachel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Advanced electronic cigarettes, or advanced personal vaporizers (APVs), have larger battery capacities than older models, and allow greater user control of output wattage. It remains unclear how particle-phase composition and toxicity change as a function of wattage. This study physically and chemically characterized particle-phase constituents in APV emissions derived from typical e-liquid vehicles propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (VG) at varying wattages. APV emissions were injected into a 1-m3 Teflon chamber to measure real-time particle size distributions and to collect fine particles for offline chemical analyses and determination of their oxidative potential using the acellular dithiothreitol assay. Higher particle numbers were present at higher wattages, with the majority being < 100 nm. Particle-phase composition was dominated by VG at all wattages, with many low-abundance polyols also present, suggesting gas-phase radical chemistry. APV-derived particles have lower oxidative potentials compared to other particle types such as diesel exhaust and secondary organic aerosol.
Personality Predictors of Risky Behaviors Across the Lifespan: A Coordinated Analysis of 13 Longitudinal Studies
Creators: name: Atherton, Olivia
name: Graham, Eileen
name: Mroczek, Dan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Health Psychology
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Quantitative Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: aging
subject: Big Five
subject: binge drinking
subject: cda
subject: coordinated data analysis
subject: health behaviors
subject: lifespan
subject: longitudinal
subject: meta-analysis
subject: personality
subject: risky behaviors
subject: seatbelt use
subject: sexual behavior
subject: std
subject: sti

description: We will examine the associations between personality traits and risky behaviors (binge drinking, seatbelt use, STD/STI dx) across the lifespan using a coordinated data analytic approach (N = 13 longitudinal studies).
title: CT-patterns of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia differ between HIV-positive and post-transplantation patients
Creators: name: Christe, Andreas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Infection

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) is a leading cause of opportunistic infections in immune-compromised patients. In HIV-positive patients the clinical presentation and course tends to be sub-acute, indolent, and presents with relatively low...
Decompositions of preduals of JBW and JBW$^*$ algebras
Creators: name: Bohata, Martin
name: Hamhalter, Jan
name: Kalenda, Ondřej F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L70, 46B26

description: We prove that the predual of any JBW$^*$-algebra is a complex $1$-Plichko space and the predual of any JBW-algebra is a real $1$-Plichko space. I.e., any such space has a countably $1$-norming Markushevich basis, or, equivalently, a commutative $1$-projectional skeleton. This extends recent results of the authors who proved the same for preduals of von Neumann algebras and their self-adjoint parts. However, the more general setting of Jordan algebras turned to be much more complicated. We use in the proof a set-theoretical method of elementary submodels. As a byproduct we obtain a result on amalgamation of projectional skeletons.
description: Some formulations were corrected or simplified, some proofs were slighlty simplified and some references were added
Culturally sensitive lifestyle interventions for families with young children: A systematic review
Creators: name: van Verseveld, Marloes
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Cultural adaptation
subject: Early childhood
subject: Healthy lifestyle
subject: Obesity
subject: Parenting
subject: Systematic review

description: Various interventions adopt a culturally sensitive approach to reduce obesity and to promote healthy lifestyles amongst different cultural groups. We have conducted a systematic literature review to analyze cultural adaptation and parenting approach of lifestyle interventions for families with young children (1-4 years). Our search (in CINAHL, ERIC PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and SSCI, May 2020) yielded 41 studies reporting on 31 interventions. Drawing on Intervention Mapping, we applied a newly developed framework with various indicators of cultural adaptation (CA) and parenting approach (PA) to analyze interventions. Average CA and PA scores were low (resp. 13.0 and 14.6%) with clear differences between interventions (ranges were 0-44 and 0-39%, respectively). Categorical principal component analysis revealed six different profiles to match the cultural diversity of families. We discuss the results in light of their implications for future research into and development of lifestyle interventions.
Giant frequency-selective near-field energy transfer in active--passive structures
Creators: name: Khandekar, Chinmay
name: Jin, Weiliang
name: Miller, Owen D.
name: Pick, Adi
name: Rodriguez, Alejandro W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a fluctuation electrodynamics framework in combination with semianalytical (dipolar) approximations to study amplified spontaneous energy transfer (ASET) between active and passive bodies. We consider near-field energy transfer between semi-infinite planar media and spherical structures (dimers and lattices) subject to gain, and show that the combination of loss compensation and near-field enhancement (achieved by the proximity, enhanced interactions, and tuning of subwavelength resonances) in these structures can result in orders of magnitude ASET enhancements below the lasing threshold. We examine various possible geometric configurations, including realistic materials, and describe optimal conditions for enhancing ASET, showing that the latter depends sensitively on both geometry and gain, enabling efficient and tunable gain-assisted energy extraction from structured surfaces.