cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Epidemic spreading under mutually independent intra- and inter-host pathogen evolution
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiyun
name: Ruan, Zhongyuan
name: Zheng, Muhua
name: Zhou, Jie
name: Boccaletti, Stefano
name: Barzel, Baruch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of epidemic spreading is often reduced to the single control parameter $R_0$, whose value, above or below unity, determines the state of the contagion. If, however, the pathogen evolves as it spreads, $R_0$ may change over time, potentially leading to a mutation-driven spread, in which an initially sub-pandemic pathogen undergoes a breakthrough mutation. To predict the boundaries of this pandemic phase, we introduce here a modeling framework to couple the network spreading patterns with the intra-host evolutionary dynamics. For many pathogens these two processes, intra- and inter-host, are driven by different selection forces. And yet here we show that even in the extreme case when these two forces are mutually independent, mutations can still fundamentally alter the pandemic phase-diagram, whose transitions are now shaped, not just by $R_0$, but also by the balance between the epidemic and the evolutionary timescales. If mutations are too slow, the pathogen prevalence decays prior to the appearance of a critical mutation. On the other hand, if mutations are too rapid, the pathogen evolution becomes volatile and, once again, it fails to spread. Between these two extremes, however, we identify a broad range of conditions in which an initially sub-pandemic pathogen can break through to gain widespread prevalence.
On the Effects of Low-Quality Training Data on Information Extraction from Clinical Reports
Creators: name: Marcheggiani, Diego
name: Sebastiani, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the last five years there has been a flurry of work on information extraction from clinical documents, i.e., on algorithms capable of extracting, from the informal and unstructured texts that are generated during everyday clinical practice, mentions of concepts relevant to such practice. Most of this literature is about methods based on supervised learning, i.e., methods for training an information extraction system from manually annotated examples. While a lot of work has been devoted to devising learning methods that generate more and more accurate information extractors, no work has been devoted to investigating the effect of the quality of training data on the learning process. Low quality in training data often derives from the fact that the person who has annotated the data is different from the one against whose judgment the automatically annotated data must be evaluated. In this paper we test the impact of such data quality issues on the accuracy of information extraction systems as applied to the clinical domain. We do this by comparing the accuracy deriving from training data annotated by the authoritative coder (i.e., the one who has also annotated the test data, and by whose judgment we must abide), with the accuracy deriving from training data annotated by a different coder. The results indicate that, although the disagreement between the two coders (as measured on the training set) is substantial, the difference is (surprisingly enough) not always statistically significant.
description: Submitted for publication
Lubitsch's To Be or Not to Be: The Question of Simulation in Cinema
Creators: name: Melehy, Hassan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: In thus situating the theater, with its overdone and thereby flawed efforts to present what one character terms "realistic drama," Lubitsch is able to reveal what is "behind the scenes," as it were-the forces that produce the images one sees in public spectacle, whether in the theater, at the movies, or in the aestheticized political arena. By presenting these officers and operatives as players in the great second-rate and bombastic performance of the twentieth century, Lubitsch raises the question of whether Nazism is already a self-parody: even as it enacts its horrific program, the rhetoric and spectacles of the National Socialist state display a wealth of farcical elements.
OPERAS Innovation Lab: Workflows for Innovative Outputs in Social Sciences and Humanities
Creators: name: Maryl, Maciej
name: Błaszczyńska, Marta
name: Tóth-Czifra, Erzsébet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: OPERAS; innovation; scholarly communication; SSH; workflows

description: Scholars see innovative means of disseminating their work and data as a chance to improve the process of sharing ideas with different audiences, thanks to technological affordances. They understand innovation either in terms of form (novel means of communicating ideas through different media), or access (opening up outputs and making them easily accessible) (cf. Maryl and Błaszczyńska 2021, p. 34). What we consider a “scholarly text” has thus become understood as an expression that can employ different media and engage creatively with underlying data. However, engaging with novel forms of communication poses new challenges to scholars, who may lack competencies, know-how, or adequate resources to take full advantage of innovative outputs (Tasovac et al. 2018). This presentation will outline the means of support provided by OPERAS Innovation Lab in establishing interdisciplinary, collaborative workflows for supporting innovative outputs in social sciences and humanities (SSH) throughout their lifecycle. The Lab provides guidelines on how to create and sustain FAIR innovative outputs in the SSH. The poster will highlight the ideas behind creating the OPERAS Innovation Lab and the activities that the Lab engages in.
Charged compact objects in the linear regime
Creators: name: Takisa, P. Mafa
name: Ray, S.
name: Maharaj, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical compact stars provide a natural laboratory for testing theoretical models which are otherwise difficult to prove from an experimental setup. In our present work we analyse an exact solution to the Einstein-Maxwell system for a charged anisotropic compact body in the linear regime. The charged parameter may be set to zero which gives us the case of neutral solutions. We have tuned the model parameters for the uncharged case so as to match with recent updated mass-radius estimates for five different compact objects. Then we make a systematic study of the effect of charge for the different parameter set that fits the observed stars. The effect of charge is clearly illustrated in the increase of mass. We show that the physical quantities for the objects PSR J1614-2230, PSR J1903+327, Vela X-1, SMC X-1, Cen X-3 are well behaved.
description: 23 pages, Submitted for publication
Symmetric Set Coloring of Signed Graphs
Creators: name: Cappello, Chiara
name: Steffen, Eckhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: There are many concepts of signed graph coloring which are defined by assigning colors to the vertices of the graphs. These concepts usually differ in the number of self-inverse colors used. We introduce a unifying concept for this kind of coloring by assigning elements from symmetric sets to the vertices of the signed graphs. In the first part of the paper, we study colorings with elements from symmetric sets where the number of self-inverse elements is fixed. We prove a Brooks'-type theorem and upper bounds for the corresponding chromatic numbers in terms of the chromatic number of the underlying graph. These results are used in the second part where we introduce the symset-chromatic number $χ_{sym}(G,σ)$ of a signed graph $(G,σ)$. We show that the symset-chromatic number gives the minimum partition of a signed graph into independent sets and non-bipartite antibalanced subgraphs. In particular, $χ_{sym}(G,σ) \leq χ(G)$. In the final section we show that these colorings can also be formalized as $DP$-colorings.
Variational Quantum Eigensolver with Reduced Circuit Complexity
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
name: Cincio, Lukasz
name: Negre, Christian F. A.
name: Czarnik, Piotr
name: Coles, Patrick
name: Anisimov, Petr M.
name: Mniszewski, Susan M.
name: Tretiak, Sergei
name: Dub, Pavel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a given Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. A particular application is to obtain ground or excited states of molecules. The practical realization is currently limited by the complexity of quantum circuits. Here we present a novel approach to reduce quantum circuit complexity in VQE for electronic structure calculations. Our algorithm, called ClusterVQE, splits the initial qubit space into subspaces (qubit clusters) which are further distributed on individual (shallower) quantum circuits. The clusters are obtained based on quantum mutual information reflecting maximal entanglement between qubits, whereas entanglement between different clusters is taken into account via a new "dressed" Hamiltonian. ClusterVQE therefore allows exact simulation of the problem by using fewer qubits and shallower circuit depth compared to standard VQE at the cost of additional classical resources. In addition, a new gradient measurement method without using an ancillary qubit is also developed in this work. Proof-of-principle demonstrations are presented for several molecular systems based on quantum simulators as well as an IBM quantum device with accompanying error mitigation. The efficiency of the new algorithm is comparable to or even improved over qubit-ADAPT-VQE and iterative Qubit Coupled Cluster (iQCC), state-of-the-art circuit-efficient VQE methods to obtain variational ground state energies of molecules on NISQ hardware. Above all, the new ClusterVQE algorithm simultaneously reduces the number of qubits and circuit depth, making it a potential leader for quantum chemistry simulations on NISQ devices.
Short-time transport properties of bidisperse suspensions and porous media: a Stokesian Dynamics study
Creators: name: Wang, Mu
name: Brady, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive computational study of the short-time transport properties of bidisperse neutral colloidal suspensions and the corresponding porous media. Our study covers bidisperse particle size ratios up to $4$, and total volume fractions up to and beyond the monodisperse hard-sphere close packing limit. The many-body hydrodynamic interactions are computed using conventional Stokesian Dynamics (SD) via a Monte-Carlo approach. We address suspension properties including the short-time translational and rotational self-diffusivities, the instantaneous sedimentation velocity, the wavenumber-dependent partial hydrodynamic functions, and the high-frequency shear and bulk viscosities; and porous media properties including the permeability and the translational and rotational hindered diffusivities. We carefully compare the SD computations with existing theoretical and numerical results. For suspensions, we also explore the range of validity of various approximation schemes, notably the Pairwise Additive (PA) approximations with the Percus-Yevick structural input. We critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the SD algorithm for various transport properties. For very dense systems, we discuss in detail the interplay between the hydrodynamic interactions and the structures due to the presence of a second species of a different size.
description: 26 pages, 26 figures
A loophole to the universal photon spectrum in electromagnetic cascades: application to the "cosmological lithium problem"
Creators: name: Poulin, Vivian
name: Serpico, Pasquale D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard theory of electromagnetic cascades onto a photon background predicts a quasi-universal shape for the resulting non-thermal photon spectrum. This has been applied to very disparate fields, including non-thermal big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). However, once the energy of the injected photons falls below the pair-production threshold the spectral shape is very different, a fact that has been overlooked in past literature. This loophole may have important phenomenological consequences, since it generically alters the BBN bounds on non-thermal relics: for instance it allows to re-open the possibility of purely electromagnetic solutions to the so-called "cosmological lithium problem", which were thought to be excluded by other cosmological constraints. We show this with a proof-of-principle example and a simple particle physics model, compared with previous literature.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, typos corrected; matches version published in PRL. (Version 1 of this article was submitted to arxiv on Jan. 8th, kept on hold by arxiv moderators due to unspecified classification doubts for almost one month.)
Generating extreme electric fields in 2D materials by dual ionic gating
Creators: name: Weintrub, Benjamin I.
name: Hsieh, Yu-Ling
name: Kirchhof, Jan N.
name: Bolotin, Kirill I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a new type of dual gate transistor to induce record electric fields through two-dimensional materials (2DMs). At the heart of this device is a 2DM suspended between two volumes of ionic liquid (IL) with independently controlled potentials. The potential difference between the ILs falls across an ultrathin layer consisting of the 2DM and the electrical double layers above and below it, thereby producing an intense electric field across the 2DM. We determine the field strength via i) electrical transport measurements and ii) direct measurements of electrochemical potentials of the ILs using semiconducting 2DM, WSe2. The field strength across the material reaches more than 3.5 V/nm, the largest static electric field through any electronic device to date. We demonstrate that this field is strong enough to close the bandgap of trilayer WSe2 driving a semiconductor-to-metal transition. Our approach grants access to previously-inaccessible phenomena occurring in ultrastrong electric fields.
Inter-valley coherent order and isospin fluctuation mediated superconductivity in rhombohedral trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Shubhayu
name: Wang, Taige
name: Berg, Erez
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity was recently discovered in rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG) in the absence of a moiré potential. Superconductivity is observed proximate to a metallic state with reduced isospin symmetry, but it remains unknown whether this is a coincidence or a key ingredient for superconductivity. Using a Hartree-Fock analysis and constraints from experiments, we argue that the symmetry breaking is inter-valley coherent (IVC) in nature. We evaluate IVC fluctuations as a possible pairing glue, and find that they lead to chiral unconventional superconductivity when the fluctuations are strong. We further elucidate how the inter-valley Hund's coupling determines the spin-structure of the IVC ground state and breaks the degeneracy between spin-singlet and triplet superconductivity. Remarkably, if the normal state is spin-unpolarized, we find that a ferromagnetic Hund's coupling favors spin-singlet superconductivity, in agreement with experiments. Instead, if the normal state is spin-polarized, then IVC fluctuations lead to spin-triplet pairing.
description: 8 + 22 pages, 3 + 5 figures; (v2) 8 + 24 pages, 3 + 6 figures, additional discussion of pairing symmetries; (v3) 9 + 25 pages, 3 + 7 figures, added phase diagram and correlation length estimate
Godard Gets the Blues: Movies, Music, and Baraka
Creators: name: Melehy, Hassan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This article addresses Jean-Luc Godard’s quotations from Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) in two movies. In Masculin féminin (1966), Godard stages a scene from Baraka’s 1964 racially charged play Dutchman, while two of the film’s characters watch it as though it were a real event. In One Plus One (aka Sympathy for the Devil) (1968), Godard’s Rolling Stones documentary, as a counterpoint to footage of the band’s recording sessions an actor reads from Baraka’s writings on the relationship of rock and roll to black music. The article demonstrates how these quotations complement Godard’s thematics, politics, and aesthetics.
Sweeteners Used by the Baking Industry: Their Competitive Position in the United States
Creators: name: Ballinger, Roy A.
name: Larkin, L. C.
name: Ballinger, Roy A.
name: Larkin, L. C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1963
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Industrial Organization

description: Excerpts from report Summary: The baking industry (bakery, cereal, and allied products) is one of the major users of sweeteners in the United States, taking more than one-half the dextrose, 12 percent of the sugar, and 10 percent of the corn sirup delivered to consumers in the United States in 1961. Plants producing bread and related products are located in all sections of the country, more or less in proportion to population, because these products are perishable and expensive to distribute. Biscuits and crackers are produced in a much smaller number of plants of larger size. These products are less perishable than bread and can be shipped comparatively long distances, thus enabling manufacturers to take advantage of the efficiency of larger plants. The baking industry increased its use of sweeteners at an annual average rate of about 48,000 tons, of which nearly 40,000 tons were sugar, 4,000 tons dextrose, and 4,000 tons corn sirup. The percentage rate of increase, based on average tonnages for 1952-61, was highest, 7.1 percent, for corn sirup, and the smallest, 2.1 percent, for dextrose. The rate for sugar was 4.4 percent.
Collaboration, Preservation and Sustainability in Digital Humanities: a question of time
Creators: name: Aubert, Olivier
name: Stratil, Jasper
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: interdisciplinarity
collaboration
instrument
video annotation
media studies

description: Joint presentation of Olivier Aubert and Jasper Stratil of the contribution for DH2023 titled Collaboration, Preservation and Sustainability in Digital Humanities: a question of time (Olivier Aubert, Jasper Stratil) in Digital Humanities 2023: Book of Abstracts pp.95-96.
Interpreting MAD within multiple accretion regimes
Creators: name: Mocz, Philip
name: Guo, Xinyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of accreting black holes in the radiatively inefficient regime show that systems with sufficient magnetic poloidal flux become magnetically arrested disc (MAD) systems, with a well-defined relationship between the magnetic flux and the mass accretion rate. Recently, Zamaninasab (2014) report that the jet magnetic flux and accretion disc luminosity are tightly correlated over 7 orders of magnitude for a sample of 76 radio-loud active galaxies, concluding that the data are explained by the MAD mode of accretion. Their analysis assumes radiatively efficient accretion, and their sample consists primarily of radiatively efficient sources, while GRMHD simulations of MAD thus far have been carried out in the radiatively inefficient regime. We propose a model to interpret MAD systems in the context of multiple accretion regimes, and apply it to the sample in Zamaninasab (2014), along with additional radiatively inefficient sources from archival data. We show that most of the radiatively inefficient radio-loud galaxies are consistent with being MAD systems. Assuming the MAD relationship found in radiatively inefficient simulations holds at other accretion regimes, a significant fraction of our sample can be candidates for MAD systems. Future GRMHD simulations have yet to verify the validity of this assumption.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS accepted
Protistan plankton communities in the Galápagos Archipelago respond to changes in deep water masses resulting from the 2015/16 El Niño
Creators: name: Torano, O.
name: Johnson, Z.I.
name: Seim, H.
name: Neave, E.F.
name: Marchetti, A.
name: Gifford, S.M.
name: Páez-Rosas, D.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: The Galápagos Archipelago lies within the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean at the convergence of major ocean currents that are subject to changes in circulation. The nutrient-rich Equatorial Undercurrent upwells from the west onto the Galápagos platform, stimulating primary production, but this source of deep water weakens during El Niño events. Based on measurements from repeat cruises, the 2015/16 El Niño was associated with declines in phytoplankton biomass at most sites throughout the archipelago and reduced utilization of nitrate, particularly in large-sized phytoplankton in the western region. Protistan assemblages were identified by sequencing the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene. Dinoflagellates, chlorophytes and diatoms dominated most sites. Shifts in dinoflagellate communities were most apparent between the years; parasitic dinoflagellates, Syndiniales, were highly detected during the El Niño (2015) while the dinoflagellate genus, Gyrodinium, increased at many sites during the neutral period (2016). Variations in protistan communities were most strongly correlated with changes in subthermocline water density. These findings indicate that marine protistan communities in this region are regimented by deep water mass sources and thus could be profoundly affected by altered ocean circulation.
Integrating Museums Activities on intangible Cultural Heritage with Data-Driven Research on Early Modern Scientific Texts
Creators: name: Barreca, Francesco
name: Berni, Marco
name: Fabbri, Natacha
name: Montanelli, Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Vast project aims to disseminate intangible cultural heritage by relying on open-data sets available to a public of non-scholar. The Museo Galileo and UniMi’s pilot is focusing on the transmission of moral values through 17th century philosophical texts and images and considering the museums as a vehicle for the values’ diffusion. The connection between past and present is traced during the educational activities, which are divided into three phases and create a dialogue between texts and scientific instruments, online documents/activities and in-person visit. In the pre-visit part, students, teachers and the general public can access the annotated documents and fill in pre-visit questionnaires. The visit phase consists in the reading of excerpts to highlight the link between scientific instruments and the annotated values, as well as in compiling a mind-map drawn around a central value and answering the question of a second questionnaire, whose results are digitalized. In the post-visit phase, visitors can play value-centred games, revise, comment, provide feedbacks, or extend the reading to other annotated texts and images on the Vast platform.
Οικολογία και κατάσταση διατήρησης του δάσους οξιάς στον χορτιάτη υπό το πρίσμα της κλιματικής αλλαγής
Creators: name: Διακίδης, Γιάννης
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Οικολογία
subject: Οξιά
subject: Χορτιάτης
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Beech
subject: Hortiatis

description: Ο σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης έρευνας είναι η αξιολόγιση της κατάστασης και της οικολογίας του δάσους οξιάς στο όρος του Χορτιάτη.Για την έρευνα αυτή θα παρθούν 10 δειγματοληπτικές επιφάνειες στις οποίες θα γίνει παχυμέτρηση όλων των ατόμων, μέτρηση ύψους όλων των ατόμων, θα γίνει υπολογισμός της ηλικίας κάθε συστάδας με την χρήση τρυπανιδίων όπως και μέτρηση της αναγέννησης της κάθε συστάδας.Η παραπάνω έρευνα μπορεί να γίνει το πρώτο βήμα για την σύνταξη ενός διαχειριστικού σχεδίο για το δάσος οξιάς του Χορτιάτη.
description: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the condition and ecology of the beech forest on Mount Hortiatis. For this research, 10 sample areas will be taken in which the thickness of the trunk of all individuals will be measured, the height of all individuals will be measured, the age of each cluster will be calculated using drills as well as the regeneration of each cluster will be measured. The above research can be the first step in drawing up a management plan for the beech forest of Hortiatis
Comparative pulse shape discrimination study for Ca(Br, I)$_2$ scintillators using machine learning and conventional methods
Creators: name: Yoshino, M.
name: Iida, T.
name: Mizukoshi, K.
name: Miyazaki, T.
name: Kamada, K.
name: Kim, K. J.
name: Yoshikawa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In particle physics experiments, pulse shape discrimination (PSD) is a powerful tool for eliminating the major background from signals. However, the analysis methods have been a bottleneck to improving PSD performance. In this study, two machine learning methods -- multilayer perceptron and convolutional neural network -- were applied to PSD, and their PSD performance was compared with that of conventional analysis methods. Three calcium-based halide scintillators were grown using the vertical Bridgman--Stockbarger method and used for the evaluation of PSD. Compared with conventional analysis methods, the machine learning methods achieved better PSD performance for all the scintillators. For scintillators with low light output, the machine learning methods were more effective for PSD accuracy than the conventional methods in the low-energy region.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Stellar objects in the quadratic regime
Creators: name: Takisa, P. Mafa
name: Maharaj, S. D.
name: Ray, Subharthi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model a charged anisotropic relativistic star with a quadratic equation of state. Physical features of an exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell system are studied by incorporating the effect of the nonlinear term from the equation of state. It is possible to regain the masses, radii and central densities for a linear equation of state in our analysis. We generate masses for stellar compact objects and perform a detailed study of PSR J1614-2230 in particular. We also show the influence of the nonlinear equation of state on physical features of the matter distribution. We demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate the effects of charge, anisotropy and a quadratic term in the equation of state in modelling a compact relativistic body.
description: 8 pages, Submitted for publication
On a connection between a class of q-deformed algebras and the Hausdorff derivative in a medium with fractal metric
Creators: name: Weberszpil, J.
name: Lazo, Matheus Jatkoske
name: Helayël-Neto, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the recent decades, diverse formalisms have emerged that are adopted to approach complex systems. Amongst those, we may quote the q-calculus in Tsallis' version of Non-Extensive Statistics with its undeniable success whenever applied to a wide class of different systems; Kaniadakis' approach, based on the compatibility between relativity and thermodynamics; Fractional Calculus (FC), that deals with the dynamics of anomalous transport and other natural phenomena, and also some local versions of FC that claim to be able to study fractal and multifractal spaces and to describe dynamics in these spaces by means of fractional differential equations. The question we might ask is whether or not there are common aspects that connect these alternative approaches. In this short communication, we discuss a possible relationship between q-deformed algebras in two different contexts of Statistical Mechanics, namely, the Tsallis' framework and the Kaniadakis' scenario, with local form of fractional-derivative operators defined in fractal media, the so-called Hausdorff derivatives, mapped into a continuous medium with a fractal measure. This connection opens up new perspectives for theories that satisfactorily describe the dynamics for the transport in media with fractal metrics, such as porous or granular media. Possible connections with other alternative definitions of FC are also contempled. Insights on complexity connected to concepts like coarse-grained space-time and physics in general are pointed out.
description: 12 pages. Original Article
On a 2D hydro-mechanical lattice approach for modelling hydraulic fracture
Creators: name: Grassl, Peter
name: Fahy, Caroline
name: Gallipoli, Domenico
name: Wheeler, Simon J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 2D lattice approach to describe hydraulic fracturing is presented. The interaction of fluid pressure and mechanical response is described by Biot's theory. The lattice model is applied to the analysis of a thick-walled cylinder, for which an analytical solution for the elastic response is derived. The numerical results obtained with the lattice model agree well with the analytical solution. Furthermore, the coupled lattice approach is applied to the fracture analysis of the thick-walled cylinder. It is shown that the proposed lattice approach provides results that are independent of the mesh size. Moreover, a strong geometrical size effect on nominal strength is observed which lies between analytically derived lower and upper bounds. This size effect decreases with increasing Biot's coefficient.
First-mover advantage explains gender disparities in physics citations
Creators: name: Kong, Hyunsik
name: Martin-Gutierrez, Samuel
name: Karimi, Fariba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mounting evidence suggests that publications and citations of scholars in the STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) suffer from gender biases. In this paper, we study the physics community, a core STEM field in which women are still largely underrepresented and where these gender disparities persist. To reveal such inequalities, we compare the citations received by papers led by men and women that cover the same topics in a comparable way. To do that, we devise a robust statistical measure of similarity between publications that enables us to detect pairs of similar papers. Our findings indicate that although papers written by women tend to have lower visibility in the citation network, pairs of similar papers written by men and women receive comparable attention when corrected for the time of publication. These analyses suggest that gender disparity is closely related to the first-mover and cumulative advantage that men have in physics, and is not an intentional act of discrimination towards women.
description: 21 pages, 8 tables, 10 figures
6D-ViT: Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimation via Transformer-based Instance Representation Learning
Creators: name: Zou, Lu
name: Huang, Zhangjin
name: Gu, Naijie
name: Wang, Guoping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents 6D-ViT, a transformer-based instance representation learning network, which is suitable for highly accurate category-level object pose estimation on RGB-D images. Specifically, a novel two-stream encoder-decoder framework is dedicated to exploring complex and powerful instance representations from RGB images, point clouds and categorical shape priors. For this purpose, the whole framework consists of two main branches, named Pixelformer and Pointformer. The Pixelformer contains a pyramid transformer encoder with an all-MLP decoder to extract pixelwise appearance representations from RGB images, while the Pointformer relies on a cascaded transformer encoder and an all-MLP decoder to acquire the pointwise geometric characteristics from point clouds. Then, dense instance representations (i.e., correspondence matrix, deformation field) are obtained from a multi-source aggregation network with shape priors, appearance and geometric information as input. Finally, the instance 6D pose is computed by leveraging the correspondence among dense representations, shape priors, and the instance point clouds. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed 3D instance representation learning framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on both datasets, and significantly outperforms all existing methods.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Gluing hyperconvex metric spaces
Creators: name: Miesch, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate how to glue hyperconvex (or injective) metric spaces such that the resulting space remains hyperconvex. We give two new criteria, saying that on the one hand gluing along strongly convex subsets and on the other hand gluing along externally hyperconvex subsets leads to hyperconvex spaces. Furthermore, we show by an example that these two cases where gluing works are opposed and cannot be combined.
description: 11 pages
Sustainable Packaging of Quantum Chemistry Software with the Nix Package Manager
Creators: name: Kowalewski, Markus
name: Seeber, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The installation of quantum chemistry software packages is commonly done manually and can be a time-consuming and complicated process. An update of the underlying Linux system requires a reinstallation in many cases and can quietly break software installed on the system. In this paper, we present an approach that allows for an easy installation of quantum chemistry software packages, which is also independent of operating system updates. The use of the Nix package manager allows building software in a reproducible manner, which allows for a reconstruction of the software for later reproduction of scientific results. The build recipes that are provided can be readily used by anyone to avoid complex installation procedures.
Planning Urban Forests for Ecosystem Services in the Drought-Prone West
Creators: name: Gloss, Lance
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This paper examines how cities in the Western US use Urban Forestry Management Plans (UFPs) to analyze, plan, and manage their urban forests amid perennial water constraints. It focuses on the provision of ecosystem services by urban forests and how such plans address the value of urban trees. A review of fourteen UFPs and interviews with urban forest managers reveals that managers widely leverage data and metaphors about ecosystem services to generate support for their activities and promote tree care by other actors. However, the plans largely fail to express how drought constrains or threatens the services that urban forests provide. Neglecting to calculate the potential loss of services from drought stands at odds with practice, which evidently focuses on preserving these services. Dry Western US communities focus more programs and strategies on managing the risks of their low-water environments when compared to Eastern US communities with abundant water resources. Most often, these programs and strategies aim to improve care by non-government stakeholders in charge of private trees. This nexus presents an opportunity. Because UFPs largely document ecosystem services in order to generate support for private tree care, prominently displaying the services that can be lost when tree care fails during drought may galvanize communities and reduce drought-related losses.
The Massive Star Population of Cygnus OB2
Creators: name: Wright, Nicholas J.
name: Drew, Janet E.
name: Mohr-Smith, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have compiled a significantly updated and comprehensive census of massive stars in the nearby Cygnus OB2 association by gathering and homogenising data from across the literature. The census contains 169 primary OB stars, including 52 O-type stars and 3 Wolf-Rayet stars. Spectral types and photometry are used to place the stars in a Hertzprung-Russell diagram, which is compared to both non-rotating and rotating stellar evolution models, from which stellar masses and ages are calculated. The star formation history and mass function of the association are assessed, and both are found to be heavily influenced by the evolution of the most massive stars to their end states. We find that the mass function of the most massive stars is consistent with a `universal' power-law slope of Gamma = 1.3. The age distribution inferred from stellar evolutionary models with rotation and the mass function suggest the majority of star formation occurred more or less continuously between 1 and 7 Myr ago, in agreement with studies of low- and intermediate mass stars in the association. We identify a nearby young pulsar and runaway O-type star that may have originated in Cyg OB2 and suggest that the association has already seen its first supernova. Finally we use the census and mass function to calculate the total mass of the association of 16500^+3800_-2800 Msun, at the low end, but consistent with, previous estimates of the total mass of Cyg OB2. Despite this Cyg OB2 is still one of the most massive groups of young stars known in our Galaxy making it a prime target for studies of star formation on the largest scales.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Coastal squeeze on temperate reefs: Long-term shifts in salinity, water quality, and oyster-associated communities
Creators: name: Fieseler, C.M.
name: Zhang, Y.S.
name: Tice-Lewis, M.
name: Redding, S.G.
name: Rodriguez, A.B.
name: Fodrie, F.J.
name: Walker, Q.A.
name: Lindquist, N.L.
Publisher: name: Ecological Society of America
Year: 2022

description: Foundation species, such as mangroves, saltmarshes, kelps, seagrasses, and oysters, thrive within suitable environmental envelopes as narrow ribbons along the land–sea margin. Therefore, these habitat-forming species and resident fauna are sensitive to modified environmental gradients. For oysters, many estuaries impacted by sea-level rise, channelization, and municipal infrastructure are experiencing saltwater intrusion and water-quality degradation that may alter reef distributions, functions, and services. To explore decadal-scale oyster–reef community patterns across a temperate estuary in response to environmental change, we resampled reefs in the Newport River Estuary (NRE) during 2013–2015 that had previously been studied during 1955–1956. We also coalesced historical NRE reef distribution (1880s–2015), salinity (1913–2015), and water-quality-driven shellfish closure boundary (1970s–2015) data to document environmental trends that could influence reef ecology and service delivery. Over the last 60–120 years, the entire NRE has shifted toward higher salinities. Consequently, oyster–reef communities have become less distinct across the estuary, manifest by 20%–27% lower species turnover and decreased faunal richness among NRE reefs in the 2010s relative to the 1950s. During the 2010s, NRE oyster–reef communities tended to cluster around a euhaline, intertidal-reef type more so than during the 1950s. This followed faunal expansions farther up estuary and biological degradation of subtidal reefs as NRE conditions became more marine and favorable for aggressive, reef-destroying taxa. In addition to these biological shifts, the area of suitable bottom on which subtidal reefs persist (contracting due to up-estuary intrusion of marine waters) and support human harvest (driven by water quality, eroding from up-estuary) has decreased by >75% since the natural history of NRE reefs was first explored. This “coastal squeeze” on harvestable subtidal oysters (reduced from a 4.5-km to a 0.75-km envelope along the NRE's main axis) will likely have consequences regarding the economic incentives for future oyster conservation, as well as the suite of services delivered by remaining shellfish reefs (e.g., biodiversity maintenance, seafood supply). More broadly, these findings exemplify how “squeeze” may be a pervasive concern for biogenic habitats along terrestrial or marine ecotones during an era of intense global change.
Implementing the infrastructure for Dimitris Papaioannou's archive: approaching the degrees of separation in his work
Creators: name: Poulopoulos, Vassilis
name: Papalexiou, Elena
name: Vassilakis, Costas
name: Xepapadakou, Avra
name: Vraka, Valia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: cultural informatics, data analysis, data connection, digital humanities

description: The poster presents the idea of approaching the archive of Dimitris Papaioannou in order to be able to perform multidimensional analysis and data interconnection
description: This work has been realised within the project ARTEST, funded by the European Union's Erasmus+ program, #618802-EPP-1-2020-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP.
Optical Phonons in Twisted Bilayer Graphene with Gate-Induced Asymmetric Doping
Creators: name: Chung, Ting-Fung
name: He, Rui
name: Wu, Tai-Lung
name: Chen, Yong P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) devices with ion gel gate dielectrics are studied using Raman spectroscopy in the twist angle regime where a resonantly enhanced G band can be observed. We observe prominent splitting and intensity quenching on the G Raman band when the carrier density is tuned away from charge neutrality. This G peak splitting is attributed to asymmetric charge doping in the two graphene layers, which reveals individual phonon self-energy renormalization of the two weakly-coupled layers of graphene. We estimate the effective interlayer capacitance at low doping density of tBLG using an interlayer screening model. The anomalous intensity quenching of both G peaks is ascribed to the suppression of resonant interband transitions between the two saddle points (van Hove singularities), that are displaced in the momentum space by gate-tuning. In addition, we observe a softening (hardening) of the R Raman band, a superlattice-induced phonon mode in tBLG, in electron (hole) doping. Our results demonstrate that gate modulation can be used to control the optoelectronic and vibrational properties in tBLG devices.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures, and 8 pages Suppl. Info
Gravimetric modelling of ecuadorian forearc (Modélisation gravimétrique de l'avant-arc équatorien)
Creators: name: Huseynov, Akbar Aydin Oglu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Gravimetric Modeling
Forearc
Ecuador

description: The aim of this report is to create a 2D geological model of the equatorial forearc using the gravimetric inversion data analysis. During the upper Maastrichtian, the change in polarity of the subduction was initiated due to the accretion of young oceanic crust linked to the eruption of the volcanic arc. From now on, the equatorial zone shows two different types of basements, the accreted oceanic crust (basaltic substratum, MORB-type) and the continental crust (granitic substratum). The transition does not appear clearly in equato-peruvian area. The geophysical methods (gravimetric inversion) are useful to distinguish gravity anomalies by correlating the morphostructural geology of the area. The objective of this work is based on the description of the different basement types by using geological maps of the different formations in order to produce a geological model. The modelling of two gravity anomaly cross-sections, North-South and East-West, were produced with the data. The results are compared with the bathymetric map of the area and the geological map of the equato-peruvian zone. The results interpretation allowed us to understand the continental part reflects the positive anomaly and the accreted oceanic substratum has a negative anomaly. The limit of transition between the accreted oceanic and continental parts was determined. The main goal of finding this limit is to target the best spots for oil drilling, relying on the thermal stability.
Criminalization, Securitization and other Forms of Illegalizing Indigenous Contestations in Chile: Responses from Constitutional Law and Inter-American Jurisprudence on Mapuche People’s Rights
Creators: name: Eichler, Jessika
name: Barnier-Khawam, Pablo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: anti-terrorism law
subject: criminalization
subject: judicialization
subject: Mapuche people
subject: securitization
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: This article critically examines the contemporary ‘securitization paradigm’ adopted throughout the Chilean jurisdiction. Emphasis is placed on its explicit misuse and its arbitrary effects on the Mapuche people in light of Chile’s anti-terrorism legislation. The law thereby assumes a twofold function. ‘Judicialization strategies’ are employed by different organs of the State, resulting in the criminalization and ultimately the silencing of indigenous protest and forms of representation in the public space. These potentially transform relations between the State and its subjects, demanding a repositioning of indigenous agendas and representation under the constitutional umbrella. Conversely, judicialization also assumes a mediating role through the virtuous effects of international law and Inter-American human rights jurisprudence. The newly commencing constitutional era may further spur such developments, potentially exerting essential decolonizing effects on State institutions and society at large.