cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Steuereinnahmen haben sich von Corona bereits erholt – in der Finanzkrise hat es länger gedauert
Creators: name: Deuverden, Kristina Van
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: tax revenue
subject: macroeconomic development
subject: corona economic crisis
subject: global financial crisis

description: Auch wenn die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Deutschland weiter lahmt, legen im Jahr 2021 die Steuereinnahmen trotz der mit Mindereinnahmen verbundenen wirtschaftspolitischen Maßnahmen deutlich zu und überschreiten ihr Vorkrisenniveau. Während der Finanzkrise 2008 bis 2011 war dies anders: Die wirtschaftliche Erholung war der Steuerentwicklung vorgelagert. Erst im Jahr 2011 wurde das Vorkrisenniveau bei den Steuern überschritten. Im Jahr 2021 steigen die Mehrwertsteuer nach der temporären Senkung im Vorjahr und die Lohnsteuer wegen des Rückgangs der Kurzarbeit wie zu erwarten; unerwartet hoch ist demgegenüber die Dynamik der Gewinnsteuern. Offensichtlich gelingt es der Wirtschaftspolitik in der Corona-Pandemie besser als in der Finanzkrise, durch schnelle und umfangreiche wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen die Einkommen zu stabilisieren. Der kräftige Anstieg der – nominalen – Gewinneinkommen dürfte aber auch von der Preisentwicklung getragen werden. Auch deshalb sind die Pläne, die privaten Haushalte bei den Energiepreisen zu entlasten und den Grundfreibetrag zu erhöhen, richtig.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 11, S. 171-179
Generalizability of Deep Learning Models for Caries Detection in Near-Infrared Light Transillumination Images
Creators: name: Holtkamp, Agnes
name: Elhennawy, Karim
name: Cejudo Grano De Oro, José E.
name: Krois, Joachim
name: Paris, Sebastian
name: Schwendicke, Falk
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: artificial intelligence
subject: caries
subject: diagnostics
subject: digital imaging/radiology
subject: mathematical modeling
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objectives: The present study aimed to train deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect caries lesions on Near-Infrared Light Transillumination (NILT) imagery obtained either in vitro or in vivo and to assess the models' generalizability. Methods: In vitro, 226 extracted posterior permanent human teeth were mounted in a diagnostic model in a dummy head. Then, NILT images were generated (DIAGNOcam, KaVo, Biberach), and images were segmented tooth-wise. In vivo, 1319 teeth from 56 patients were obtained and segmented similarly. Proximal caries lesions were annotated pixel-wise by three experienced dentists, reviewed by a fourth dentist, and then transformed into binary labels. We trained ResNet classification models on both in vivo and in vitro datasets and used 10-fold cross-validation for estimating the performance and generalizability of the models. We used GradCAM to increase explainability. Results: The tooth-level prevalence of caries lesions was 41% in vitro and 49% in vivo, respectively. Models trained and tested on in vivo data performed significantly better (mean ± SD accuracy: 0.78 ± 0.04) than those trained and tested on in vitro data (accuracy: 0.64 ± 0.15; p < 0.05). When tested in vitro, the models trained in vivo showed significantly lower accuracy (0.70 ± 0.01; p < 0.01). Similarly, when tested in vivo, models trained in vitro showed significantly lower accuracy (0.61 ± 0.04; p < 0.05). In both cases, this was due to decreases in sensitivity (by -27% for models trained in vivo and -10% for models trained in vitro). Conclusions: Using in vitro setups for generating NILT imagery and training CNNs comes with low accuracy and generalizability. Clinical significance: Studies employing in vitro imagery for developing deep learning models should be critically appraised for their generalizability. Applicable deep learning models for assessing NILT imagery should be trained on in vivo data.
title: The contribution of Doppler Ultrasound in the investigation of acetylsalicylic acid use as a measure of prevention of radial artery occlusion in patients who perform coronary angiography with TRA technique
Creators: name: Dousi, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Arterial access
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Vascular
subject: Cardiac
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Τhe introduction of coronary angioplasty through the catheterization of the radial artery was made by Campeau et al. in 1989 (1) but the first documentation of angioplasty and stenting via the transradial approach (TRA) was made by Kiemeneij et...
Computational Hypothesis: How Intra-Hepatic Functional Heterogeneity May Influence the Cascading Progression of Free Fatty Acid-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Creators: name: Holzhütter, Hermann-Georg
name: Berndt, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: mathematical model
subject: non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD)
subject: lipotoxicity
subject: tissue damage
subject: liver regeneration
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of chronic liver disease in developed nations, affecting around 25% of the population. Elucidating the factors causing NAFLD in individual patients to progress in different rates and to different degrees of severity, is a matter of active medical research. Here, we aim to provide evidence that the intra-hepatic heterogeneity of rheological, metabolic and tissue-regenerating capacities plays a central role in disease progression. We developed a generic mathematical model that constitutes the liver as ensemble of small liver units differing in their capacities to metabolize potentially cytotoxic free fatty acids (FFAs) and to repair FFA-induced cell damage. Transition from simple steatosis to more severe forms of NAFLD is described as self-amplifying process of cascading liver failure, which, to stop, depends essentially on the distribution of functional capacities across the liver. Model simulations provided the following insights: (1) A persistently high plasma level of FFAs is sufficient to drive the liver through different stages of NAFLD; (2) Presence of NAFLD amplifies the deleterious impact of additional tissue-damaging hits; and (3) Coexistence of non-steatotic and highly steatotic regions is indicative for the later occurrence of severe NAFLD stages.
title: Whole lesion Histogram analysis derived from morphological MRI sequences might be able to predict EGFR- and Her2-expression in cervical cancer
Creators: name: Meyer, Hans-Jonas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Cancer
subject: Molecular, genomics and proteomics
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide (1). Due to its excellent soft tissue contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been established as the best imaging...
title: Automatischer Jahresausgleich ist sinnvolle Ergänzung zur Lohnsteuerreform: Interview
Creators: name: Bach, Stefan
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 10, S. 166
Trapped-Ion State Detection through Coherent Motion
Creators: name: Hume, D. B.
name: Chou, C. W.
name: Leibrandt, D. R.
name: Thorpe, M. J.
name: Wineland, D. J.
name: Rosenband, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a general method for state detection of trapped ions that can be applied to a large class of atomic and molecular species. We couple a "spectroscopy" ion (Al+) to a "control" ion (Mg+) in the same trap and perform state detection through off-resonant laser excitation of the spectroscopy ion that induces coherent motion. The motional amplitude, dependent on the spectroscopy ion state, is measured either by time-resolved photon counting, or by resolved sideband excitations on the control ion. The first method provides a simplified way to distinguish "clock" states in Al+, which avoids ground state cooling and sideband transitions. The second method reduces spontaneous emission and optical pumping on the spectroscopy ion, which we demonstrate by nondestructively distinguishing Zeeman sublevels in the 1S0 ground state of Al+.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Replaced with published version
title: Benign Mimics of Prostate Carcinoma: who is who?
Creators: name: Drozdova, Julia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pelvic floor dysfunction
subject: Image verification
subject: Hyperplasia / Hypertrophy
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Education
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Pelvis
subject: Oncology
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: to discuss pitfalls of interpretation that can be a reason false positive primary diagnosis of prostate cancer at multi-parametric prostate MRI. Multiparametric-MRI is an important tool in the diagnosisof prostate cancer (PCa), particularly...
Tuning the Magnetic Anisotropy of Lanthanides on a Metal Substrate by Metal–Organic Coordination
Creators: name: Parreiras, Sofia O.
name: Moreno, Daniel
name: Cirera, Borja
name: Valbuena, Miguel A.
name: Urgel, José I.
name: Paradinas, Markos
name: Panighel, Mirco
name: Ajejas, Fernando
name: Niño, Miguel A.
name: Kuch, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: lanthanides
subject: magnetic anisotropy
subject: metal–organic networks
subject: single atom magnetism
subject: X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Taming the magnetic anisotropy of lanthanides through coordination environments is crucial to take advantage of the lanthanides properties in thermally robust nanomaterials. In this work, the electronic and magnetic properties of Dy-carboxylate metal–organic networks on Cu(111) based on an eightfold coordination between Dy and ditopic linkers are inspected. This surface science study based on scanning probe microscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, complemented with density functional theory and multiplet calculations, reveals that the magnetic anisotropy landscape of the system is complex. Surface-supported metal–organic coordination is able to induce a change in the orientation of the easy magnetization axis of the Dy coordinative centers as compared to isolated Dy atoms and Dy clusters, and significantly increases the magnetic anisotropy. Surprisingly, Dy atoms coordinated in the metallosupramolecular networks display a nearly in-plane easy magnetization axis despite the out-of-plane symmetry axis of the coordinative molecular lattice. Multiplet calculations highlight the decisive role of the metal–organic coordination, revealing that the tilted orientation is the result of a very delicate balance between the interaction of Dy with O atoms and the precise geometry of the crystal field. This study opens new avenues to tailor the magnetic anisotropy and magnetic moments of lanthanide elements on surfaces.
title: Abschaffung der Lohnsteuerklasse V sinnvoll, ersetzt aber keine Reform des Ehegattensplittings
Creators: name: Bach, Stefan
name: Haan, Peter
name: Wrohlich, Katharina
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: H24 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes
subject: J22 Time Allocation and Labor Supply
subject: D13 Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: Family taxation
subject: income tax reform
subject: female labor supply

description: Die Ampel-Koalition plant die Abschaffung der Lohnsteuerklassenkombination III und V für Ehepaare. Dadurch sollen die hohen Lohnsteuerbelastungen von zweitverdienenden EhepartnerInnenn in der Steuerklasse V vermieden werden. Bei der dann geltenden Lohnsteuerklassenkombination IV/IV sinken die Grenz- und Durchschnittsbelastungen von Zweitverdiensten erheblich, die Belastungen der Erstverdienste steigen dagegen. Zu hohe Lohnsteuerzahlungen gegenüber der gemeinsamen Einkommensteuerveranlagung können vermieden werden, wenn EhepartnerInnen eine Besteuerung entsprechend ihres Anteils an der gemeinsamen Einkommensteuer beantragen (Faktorverfahren). Ergänzend könnte ein automatischer gemeinsamer Lohnsteuer-Jahresausgleich angeboten werden. Spürbare Beschäftigungswirkungen dieser Maßnahmen sind nur zu erwarten, soweit Paare ihre Erwerbsentscheidungen von den laufenden Lohnsteuerbelastungen und nicht von der letztlich maßgeblichen Steuerbelastung im Rahmen der gemeinsamen Einkommensteuer abhängig machen. Dies ist allerdings unsicher und schwer abzuschätzen, da es hierfür nur wenig empirische Evidenz gibt. Die Reform der Lohnsteuer sollte längerfristig um eine Reform des Ehegattensplittings ergänzt werden, vor allem bei hohen Einkommen und hohen Einkommensteuervorteilen durch das Ehegattensplitting.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 10, S. 159-165
Inequalities between gamma-polynomials of graph-associahedra
Creators: name: Aisbett, Natalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a conjecture of Postnikov, Reiner and Williams by defining a partial order on the set of tree graphs with $n$ vertices that induces inequalities between the $γ$-polynomials of their associated graph-associahedra. The partial order is given by relating trees that can be obtained from one another by operations called tree shifts. We also show that tree shifts lower the $γ$-polynomials of graphs that are not trees, as do the flossing moves of Babson and Reiner.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Prediction of Functional Consequences of Missense Mutations in ANO4 Gene
Creators: name: Reichhart, Nadine
name: Milenkovic, Vladimir M.
name: Wetzel, Christian H.
name: Strauß, Olaf
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: SNP
subject: ANO4 gene
subject: ANO4 protein
subject: disease-association
subject: homology model
subject: protein structure
subject: protein stability
subject: molecular dynamics simulation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The anoctamin (TMEM16) family of transmembrane protein consists of ten members in vertebrates, which act as Ca2+-dependent ion channels and/or Ca2+-dependent scramblases. ANO4 which is primarily expressed in the CNS and certain endocrine glands, has been associated with various neuronal disorders. Therefore, we focused our study on prioritizing missense mutations that are assumed to alter the structure and stability of ANO4 protein. We employed a wide array of evolution and structure based in silico prediction methods to identify potentially deleterious missense mutations in the ANO4 gene. Identified pathogenic mutations were then mapped to the modeled human ANO4 structure and the effects of missense mutations were studied on the atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. Our data show that the G80A and A500T mutations significantly alter the stability of the mutant proteins, thus providing new perspective on the role of missense mutations in ANO4 gene. Results obtained in this study may help to identify disease associated mutations which affect ANO4 protein structure and function and might facilitate future functional characterization of ANO4.
Hypoxia/HIF Modulates Immune Responses
Creators: name: Chen, Yuling
name: Gaber, Timo
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: hypoxia
subject: HIF
subject: T cells
subject: B cells
subject: monocytes
subject: macrophages
subject: neutrophils
subject: ILC
subject: oxygen
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Oxygen availability varies throughout the human body in health and disease. Under physiological conditions, oxygen availability drops from the lungs over the blood stream towards the different tissues into the cells and the mitochondrial cavities leading to physiological low oxygen conditions or physiological hypoxia in all organs including primary lymphoid organs. Moreover, immune cells travel throughout the body searching for damaged cells and foreign antigens facing a variety of oxygen levels. Consequently, physiological hypoxia impacts immune cell function finally controlling innate and adaptive immune response mainly by transcriptional regulation via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Under pathophysiological conditions such as found in inflammation, injury, infection, ischemia and cancer, severe hypoxia can alter immune cells leading to dysfunctional immune response finally leading to tissue damage, cancer progression and autoimmunity. Here we summarize the effects of physiological and pathophysiological hypoxia on innate and adaptive immune activity, we provide an overview on the control of immune response by cellular hypoxia-induced pathways with focus on the role of HIFs and discuss the opportunity to target hypoxia-sensitive pathways for the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity.
title: Pediatric and neonatal abdominal cystic lesions: main differential diagnosis and helpful sonographic tips
Creators: name: Gomes, Andressa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cysts
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Paediatric
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The present study proposes a practical approach to neonatal and pediatric abdominal cystic lesions according to their topography, highlighting specific ultrasonographic features in order to guide their...
The WIRCam Deep Survey I: Counts, colours and mass-functions derived from near-infrared imaging in the CFHTLS deep fields
Creators: name: Bielby, R.
name: Hudelot, P.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: Gonzalez-Perez, V.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Marmo, C.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Sanders, D. B.
name: Willott, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new near-infrared imaging survey in the four CFHTLS deep fields: the WIRCam Deep Survey (WIRDS). WIRDS comprises extremely deep, high quality (FWHM ~0.6") J, H and K imaging covering a total effective area of 2.1 deg^2 and reaching AB 50% completeness limits of ~24.5. We combine our images with the CFHTLS to create a unique eight-band ugrizJHK photometric catalogues in the CFHTLS deep fields; these four separate fields allow us to make a robust estimate of the effect of cosmic variance for all our measurements. We use these catalogues to estimate precise photometric redshifts, galaxy types and stellar masses for a unique sample of ~1.8 million galaxies. Our JHK number counts are consistent with previous studies. We apply the BzK selection to our gzK filter set and find that the star forming BzK selection successfully selects 76% of star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 1.4
description: 20 pages, 22 figures, accepted by A&A. Minor corrections plus an extended discussion of the galaxy stellar mass function. Galaxy number counts are also updated (Figs 10-12 and Table 3)
Ischemic Stroke and Heart Failure: Facts and Numbers. An Update
Creators: name: Barkhudaryan, Anush
name: Doehner, Wolfram
name: Scherbakov, Nadja
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: HFrEF
subject: HFpEF
subject: ischemic stroke
subject: risk factor
subject: cardio–cerebral interactions
subject: stroke prevention
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Heart failure (HF) is a severe clinical syndrome accompanied by a number of comorbidities. Ischemic stroke occurs frequently in patients with HF as a complication of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the current state of research on the role of cardio-cerebral interactions in the prevalence, etiology, and prognosis of both diseases. The main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of stroke in HF and vice versa are discussed. In addition, we reviewed the results of recent clinical trials investigating the prevalence and prevention of stroke in patients with HF.
Search for extra dimensions using diphoton events in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, a search for evidence of extra spatial dimensions has been performed through an analysis of the diphoton final state. The analysis uses data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.12 fb^-1 of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions. The diphoton invariant mass spectrum is observed to be in good agreement with the expected Standard Model background. In the large extra dimension scenario of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali, the results provide 95% CL lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale between 2.27 and 3.53 TeV, depending on the number of extra dimensions and the theoretical formalism used. The results also set 95% CL lower limits on the lightest Randall-Sundrum graviton mass of between 0.79 and 1.85 TeV, for values of the dimensionless coupling k/\bar{M}_{Pl} varying from 0.01 to 0.1. Combining with previously published ATLAS results from the dielectron and dimuon final states, the 95% CL lower limit on the Randall-Sundrum graviton mass for k/\bar{M}_{Pl} = 0.01 (0.1) is 0.80 (1.95) TeV.
description: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 2 figures, 3 tables, matches published version in Physics Letters B
Determination of organic chlorine in water via AlCl derivatization and detection by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry
Creators: name: Abad, Carlos
name: Mimus, Stefanie
name: Recknagel, Sebastian
name: Jakubowski, Norbert
name: Panne, Ulrich
name: Becker-Ross, Helmut
name: Huang, Mao-Dong
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: organic chlorine
subject: water
subject: determination
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GF-MAS) was employed for determining adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) in water. Organic chlorine was indirectly quantified by monitoring the molecular absorption of the transient aluminum monochloride molecule (AlCl) around a wavelength of 261.42 nm in a graphite furnace. An aluminum solution was used as the molecular-forming modifier. A zirconium coated graphite furnace, as well as Sr and Ag solutions were applied as modifiers for a maximal enhancement of the absorption signal. The pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures were 600 °C and 2300 °C, respectively. Non-spectral interferences were observed with F, Br, and I at concentrations higher than 6 mg L−1, 50 mg L−1, and 100 mg L−1, respectively. Calibration curves with NaCl, 4-chlorophenol, and trichlorophenol present the same slope and dynamic range, which indicates the chlorine atom specificity of the method. This method was evaluated and validated using synthetic water samples, following the current standard DIN EN ISO 9562:2004 for the determination of the sum parameter adsorbable organic halides (AOX) for water quality. These samples contain 4-chlorophenol as the chlorinated organic standard in an inorganic chloride matrix. Prior to analysis, organic chlorine was extracted from the inorganic matrix via solid-phase extraction with a recovery rate >95%. There were no statistically significant differences observed between measured and known values and for a t-test a confidence level of 95% was achieved. The limits of detection and characteristic mass were found to be 48 and 22 pg, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range 0.1–2.5 ng with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9986.
title: Wird der Haushalt extern unterstützt, erhöht sich gerade bei Frauen die Erwerbsbeteiligung: Interview
Creators: name: Samtleben, Claire
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 9, S. 148
Spin injection into a metal from a topological insulator
Creators: name: Modak, S.
name: Sengupta, K.
name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a junction of a topological insulator with a thin two-dimensional (2D) non-magnetic or partially polarized ferromagnetic metallic film deposited on a 3D insulator. We show that such a junction leads to a finite spin current injection into the film whose magnitude can be controlled by tuning a voltage $V$ applied across the junction. For ferromagnetic films, the direction of the component of the spin current along the film magnetization can also be tuned by tuning the barrier potential $V_0$ at the junction. We point out the role of the chiral spin-momentum locking of the Dirac electrons behind this phenomenon and suggest experiments to test our theory.
description: Revised version with supplemental materials
Assessing the Nature of Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity by Magnetic Resonance
Creators: name: Chiesa, A.
name: Chizzini, M.
name: Garlatti, E.
name: Salvadori, E.
name: Tacchino, F.
name: Santini, P.
name: Tavernelli, I.
name: Bittl, Robert
name: Chiesa, M.
name: Sessoli, R.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Charge transfer
subject: Molecules
subject: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Understanding chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS), resulting from charge transport through helical systems, has recently inspired many experimental and theoretical efforts but is still the object of intense debate. In order to assess the nature of CISS, we propose to focus on electron-transfer processes occurring at the single-molecule level. We design simple magnetic resonance experiments, exploiting a qubit as a highly sensitive and coherent magnetic sensor, to provide clear signatures of the acceptor polarization. Moreover, we show that information could even be obtained from time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance experiments on a randomly oriented solution of molecules. The proposed experiments will unveil the role of chiral linkers in electron transfer and could also be exploited for quantum computing applications.
Isometry groups of Alexandrov spaces
Creators: name: Galaz-Garcia, Fernando
name: Guijarro, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20

description: For an Alexandrov space (with curvature bounded below), we determine the maximal dimension of its isometry group and show that the space is isometric to a Riemannian manifold, provided the dimension of its isometry group is maximal. We also determine a gap in the possible dimensions of the isometry groups and show that if the Alexandrov space is symmetric, then it is isometric to a Riemannian manifold.
description: Final version of the paper, accepted for publication at the Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society. It improves the proof of the Principal Orbit Theorem in section 2, and completes the missing cases in section 6 on dimension gaps
title: Pre- and postsurgical imaging in pleural mesothelioma: what the radiologist needs to know
Creators: name: Santos, Sofia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Staging
subject: Surgery
subject: Complications
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: • To summarize the key imaging features in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). • To explore normal and abnormal imaging findings after surgical intervention: pleurectomy/decortication and...
title: Connectivity-based vs. ASPECTS-based Approach in Acute Ischemic Stroke Evaluation
Creators: name: Zdanovskis, Nauris
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Blood
subject: Acute
subject: Thrombolysis
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Arterial access
subject: Neural networks
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Emergency

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Human Connectome Project has redefined our knowledge about brain pathologies. Recent studies have shown that there could be multiple uses for connectome-like data and this data could be implemented in acute stroke assessment already. At the moment...
θ^PMNS_13 = θ_C / \sqrt2 from GUTs
Creators: name: Antusch, Stefan
name: Gross, Christian
name: Maurer, Vinzenz
name: Sluka, Constantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observations of the leptonic mixing angle θ^PMNS_13 are consistent with θ^PMNS_13 = θ_C / \sqrt2 (with θ_C being the Cabibbo angle θ^CKM_12). We discuss how this relation can emerge in Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) via charged lepton corrections. The key ingredient is that in GUTs the down-type quark Yukawa matrix and the charged lepton Yukawa matrix are generated from the same set of GUT operators, which implies that the resulting entries are linked and differ only by group theoretical Clebsch factors. This allows a link θ^e_12 = θ_C to be established, which can induce θ^PMNS_13 = θ_C / \sqrt2 provided that the 1-3 mixing in the neutrino mass matrix is much smaller than θ_C. We find simple conditions under which θ^PMNS_13 = θ_C / \sqrt2 can arise via this link in SU(5) GUTs and Pati-Salam models. We also discuss possible corrections to this relation. Using lepton mixing sum rules different neutrino mixing patterns can be distinguished by their predictions for the Dirac CP phase δ^PMNS.
description: v3: 18 pages, section on corrections to exact relation added
High-order expansions of the Detweiler-Whiting singular field in Schwarzschild spacetime
Creators: name: Heffernan, Anna
name: Ottewill, Adrian
name: Wardell, Barry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self field of a charged particle has a component that diverges at the particle. We use both coordinate and covariant approaches to compute an expansion of this singular field for generic geodesic orbits in Schwarzschild spacetime for scalar, electromagnetic and graviational cases. We check agreement of both approaches and give, as an application, the calculation of previously unknown regularisation parameters. In this so-called "mode-sum regularization" approach, each mode of the field is finite, while their sum diverges. The sum may be rendered finite and convergent by the subtraction of "regularization parameters". Higher order parameters lead to faster convergence in the mode-sum. As a second example application, we compute high order expressions for the effective source approach to self-force calculations.
description: 38 pages, typos fixed, final published version
title: DIW-Konjunkturprognose: Dem Wintertief folgt ein Sommerhoch
Creators: name: Baldi, Guido
name: Berenberg-Gossler, Paul
name: Engerer, Hella
name: Junker, Simon
name: Kholodilin, Konstantin A.
name: Kurcz, Frederik
name: Pagenhardt, Laura
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: E32 Business Fluctuations; Cycles
subject: E66 General Outlook and Conditions
subject: F01 Global Outlook
subject: Business cycle forecast
subject: economic outlook

description: Die Omikron-Infektionswelle hat die Wirtschaft weltweit eingeholt und sorgt für einen trüben Winter. Auch wenn die Einschränkungen des wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Lebens – vor allem dank der Impffortschritte – vielerorts nicht so drastisch ausfallen wie vor einem Jahr und es auch in Deutschland bereits Öffnungsperspektiven gibt, macht sich derzeit doch zumindest der erhebliche Arbeitsausfall infolge der hohen Infektionszahlen bemerkbar. Gleichwohl ist die wirtschaftliche Erholung in Deutschland nur unterbrochen – sobald die Pandemie ab dem Frühjahr abklingt, dürften insbesondere die kontaktintensiven DienstleisterInnen, etwa im Gastgewerbe, wieder deutlich bessere Geschäfte machen. Spätestens wenn auch die Weltwirtschaft wieder Auftrieb hat und sich die Lieferengpässe auflösen, wird auch die exportorientierte deutsche Industrie einige Gänge hochschalten. Die Inflation wird in diesem Jahr indes noch höher ausfallen als im vergangenen Jahr, 2023 aber deutlich unter die Zwei-Prozent- Marke sinken und spätestens dann den privaten Konsum zusätzlich stützen. Der maue Jahresstart sorgt unter dem Strich dafür, dass die deutsche Wirtschaft in diesem Jahr mit 3,0 Prozent weniger wachsen dürfte als bisher erwartet. Dennoch wird das Vorpandemieniveau des Jahres 2019 voraussichtlich schon im Sommer erreicht. Im kommenden Jahr wird die Wirtschaftsleistung wohl um weitere 2,9 Prozent zulegen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 8, S. 123-133
title: Torticollis in children: What the radiologist should know
Creators: name: Louati, Asma
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Head and neck
subject: Pathology

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Illustrate the imaging features of common causes of torticollis in paediatric population. 2. Discuss the indications and the benefits of different imaging techniques in the evaluation of torticollis in infants and...
Herded Gibbs and discretized herded Gibbs sampling
Creators: name: Eskelinen, Mareija
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Statistical inference is at the heart of the probabilistic programming approach to artificial intelligence; as far as statistical inference is concerned, the Gibbs sampler is one of the most widely applicable and popular random sampling techniques. On the flip side, deterministic sampling is still nascent and has yet to be widely accepted into the field of Bayesian inference. In this thesis, we advance the domain of deterministic sampling by discussing and evaluating two deterministic sampling techniques inspired by the Gibbs sampler. The first technique is the recently-introduced herded Gibbs sampler and the second is the novel discretized herded Gibbs sampler. Herded Gibbs sampling is an entirely deterministic algorithm with an impressive O(1/T) convergence rate for both models with independent variables and fully connected probabilistic graphical models. However, the convergence for herded Gibbs on sparsely connected probabilistic graphical models is still an open problem. Additionally, the computational complexity of herded Gibbs increases exponentially with the connectivity of the probabilistic graphical model, making it better suited for partially connected graphical models. We empirically demonstrate that herded Gibbs outperforms Gibbs on partially connected probabilistic graphical models for the tasks of image denoising with Markov Random Fields and named entity recognition with Conditional Random Fields. Furthermore, we develop discretized herded Gibbs as a variant of herded Gibbs that attempts to reduce the spatial complexity by approximating herded Gibbs. Though discretized herded Gibbs achieves linear storage requirements and is capable of fast initial convergence rates, it can only approximate the target up to a finite accuracy. This thesis highlights the power of one recent deterministic sampling algorithm and shows that deterministic sampling with good space and time complexity remains an elusive goal.
title: Combined US-HRMR protocol for preoperative evaluation of abnormal placentation: initial experience
Creators: name: Faganello, Andrea
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Obstetrics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Placenta accreta is a histopathologic term for a clinicopathological condition in which the placenta fails to be separated partially or totally from the uterine wall at delivery and cannot be removed without causing abnormally high blood loss. The...
Acoustic phonon limited mobility in two-dimensional semiconductors: Deformation potential and piezoelectric scattering in monolayer MoS2 from first principles
Creators: name: Kaasbjerg, Kristen
name: Thygesen, Kristian S.
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the acoustic phonon limited mobility in n-doped two-dimensional MoS2 for temperatures T < 100 K and high carrier densities using the Boltzmann equation and first-principles calculations of the acoustic electron-phonon (el-ph) interaction. In combination with a continuum elastic model, analytic expressions and the coupling strengths for the deformation potential and piezoelectric interactions are established. We furthermore show that the deformation potential interaction has contributions from both normal and umklapp processes and that the latter contribution is only weakly affected by carrier screening. Consequently, the calculated mobilities show a transition from a high-temperature μT^{-1} behavior to a stronger μT^{-4} behavior in the low-temperature Bloch-Gruneisen regime characteristic of unscreened deformation potential scattering. Intrinsic mobilities in excess of 10^5 cm^2 V^{-1} s^{-1} are predicted at T < 10 K and high carrier densities (n > 10^{11} cm^{-2}). At 100 K, the mobility does not exceed ~7 x 10^3 cm2 V^{-1} s^{-1}. Our findings provide new and important understanding of the acoustic el-ph interaction and its screening by free carriers, and is of high relevance for the understanding of acoustic phonon limited mobilities in general.
description: Substantially revised version. 17 pages, 11 figures
title: Immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis, an important differential diagnosis in current oncologic patients. The role of radiologist.
Creators: name: Barros, Perla
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Drugs / Reactions
subject: Cancer
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Lung

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: -To emphasize the role of the radiologist in the diagnosis, classification and monitoring of immunotherapy related pneumonitis. -To highlight the importance of considering Immunotherapy-induced Pneumonitis in differential diagnosis of appropriated...
title: Granulomatous Lung Diseases: A Retrospective study of Differential Diagnosis and CT Features
Creators: name: Oliveira, Camila
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Biopsy
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Infection
subject: Inflammation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Granulomatous Lung Diseases (GLD) comprises a wide range of infectious and non-infectious pathologies that present the same pattern of chronic inflammatory response [1]. The granulomas emerge after an attempt of the cellular immune response to...
title: Adriaan Moetjens
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Adriaan Moetjens as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Preiskontrollen eignen sich nicht, um die Inflation zu bekämpfen: Kommentar
Creators: name: Bernoth, Kerstin
name: Kriwoluzky, Alexander
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 7, S. 120
On the entanglement of a quantum field with a dispersive medium
Creators: name: Klich, Israel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we study the entanglement of a quantum radiation field interacting with a dielectric medium. In particular, we describe the quantum mixed state of a field interacting with a dielectric through plasma and Drude models and show that these generate very different entanglement behavior, as manifested in the entanglement entropy of the field. We also present a formula for a "Casimir" entanglement entropy, i.e., the distance dependence of the field entropy. Finally, we study a toy model of the interaction between two plates. In this model, the field entanglement entropy is divergent; however, as in the Casimir effect, its distance-dependent part is finite, and the field matter entanglement is reduced when the objects are far.
description: Final published PRL version
title: J.H.? Mojer
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: J.H.? Mojer as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Historic Resources Survey: Plum Island, New York: Volume 1
Creators: name: Hefner, Robert
name: Hefner, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Architectural & site components
Architectural drawings
Structural drawings
Structures
Buildings
Historic sites
Plum Island

description: This is historic Resources Survey of Plum Island, New York, Volume 1, prepared by Robert Hefner for United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Plum Island, New York. This report was conducted in June 1998.
title: Gerechtigkeitsprofile in Europa: Große Unterschiede bei der Bewertung von Ungleichheit
Creators: name: Moya, Cristóbal
name: Adriaans, Jule
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: D63 Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
subject: J30 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General
subject: Social justice
subject: Income and wealth inequalities
subject: Europe

description: Die zunehmende Ungleichheit von Einkommen und Vermögen wird in Europa intensiv diskutiert. Obwohl es für die Gestaltung von Sozialpolitik eine große Rolle spielt, ob Ungleichheiten als gerecht oder ungerecht angesehen werden, ist bisher wenig erforscht, wie BürgerInnen diese Ungleichheiten im Einzelnen bewerten. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, werden die Antwortprofile untersucht, die den Gerechtigkeitsbewertungen von Einkommen und Vermögen im European Social Survey (2018/2019) zugrunde liegen. Unter europäischen Erwerbstätigen werden vier solcher Gerechtigkeitsprofile identifiziert: Die Profile KritikerInnen, AltruistInnen, Benachteiligte und Status-quo-BefürworterInnen unterscheiden sich in Bezug darauf, ob und wo in der Einkommens- und Vermögensverteilung sie Ungerechtigkeiten feststellen. Die meisten Befragten gehören entweder zu den KritikerInnen, die Ungerechtigkeiten in allen Bereichen feststellen und Umverteilung befürworten, oder zu den AltruistInnen, die ihre eigene Situation als gerecht, die gesellschaftlichen Einkommens- und Vermögensunterschiede jedoch als ungerecht bewerten. Die weit verbreitete Sorge um soziale Gerechtigkeit sollte politisch aufgegriffen werden. Bei der Gestaltung länderspezifischer politischer Maßnahmen sollte jedoch berücksichtigt werden, wo in der Vermögens- und Einkommensverteilung Ungerechtigkeiten identifiziert werden.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 7, S. 109-116
Epidemic threshold and control in a dynamic network
Creators: name: Taylor, Michael
name: Taylor, Timothy J.
name: Kiss, Istvan Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this paper we present a model describing Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) type epidemics spreading on a dynamic contact network with random link activation and deletion where link ac- tivation can be locally constrained. We use and adapt a improved effective degree compartmental modelling framework recently proposed by Lindquist et al. [J. Lindquist et al., J. Math Biol. 62, 2, 143 (2010)] and Marceau et al. [V. Marceau et al., Phys. Rev. E 82, 036116 (2010)]. The resulting set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is solved numerically and results are compared to those obtained using individual-based stochastic network simulation. We show that the ODEs display excellent agreement with simulation for the evolution of both the disease and the network, and is able to accurately capture the epidemic threshold for a wide range of parameters. We also present an analytical R0 calculation for the dynamic network model and show that depending on the relative timescales of the network evolution and disease transmission two limiting cases are recovered: (i) the static network case when network evolution is slow and (ii) homogeneous random mixing when the network evolution is rapid. We also use our threshold calculation to highlight the dangers of relying on local stability analysis when predicting epidemic outbreaks on evolving networks.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures