cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving Automated Literature-based Discovery with Neural Networks: Neural biomedical Named Entity Recognition, Link Prediction and Discovery
Creators: name: Crichton, Gamal Kashaka Omari
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Literature-based Discovery
LBD
Neural networks
Named Entity Recognition
NER
Multi-task Learning
LION LBD
knowledge discovery
Natural Language Processing
NLP
Machine Learning
Deep Learning
Biomedical NLP
Biomedical Knowledge Discovery
Link Predcition
Language Technology Laboratory

description: Literature-based Discovery (LBD) uses information from explicit statements in literature to generate new or unstated knowledge. Automated LBD can thus facilitate hypothesis testing and generation from large collections of publications to support and accelerate scientific research, which is adversely affected by publication explosion and knowledge fragmentation. Existing methods, however, use methodologies which are inadequate for capturing the complex information available in scientific literature and are prone to proposing spurious discoveries or an abundance of low-quality ones. To be capable of solving these problems, automated LBD needs to accurately glean the extensive information present in literature, cope with the dynamic nature of scientific knowledge and place high-quality proposals at the top of ranked outputs. Recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) allow for deep textual analysis to obtain a wide coverage of information present in text and can adapt easily to recognising new biomedical entities and terms. Similarly, recent advances in graph processing have made it possible to do in-depth analysis on information represented as graphs, such as published biomedical connections, to facilitate high-quality knowledge discovery. Both of these advances utilise neural networks extensively. This work used neural networks in a bid to advance automated LBD in three ways: 1) improving biomedical Named Entity Recognition (NER) to extract entities from unstructured text by using multi-task learning across multiple biomedical datasets; 2) improving knowledge discovery from realistic, random- and time-sliced biomedical graphs using link prediction and 3) improving the ranking of published discoveries on open- and closed- LBD instances by scoring the strength of connection paths using neural models. Excitingly, the latter approaches outperformed those used by the state-of-the-art LION LBD system, indicating that their integration into it would provide better support to cancer researchers using it. The results from this work show that it is feasible to use neural networks to improve LBD in different ways. They also demonstrate that neural networks are versatile enough to be applied to improve traditional as well as non-traditional LBD. The principal implication of these findings is that neural biomedical knowledge discovery, especially LBD, is presently useful in addition to being a potentially rich field for further study.
description: Cambridge Commonwealth, European & International Trust
Additional file 3 of The UPDATE trial (UVB Phototherapy in Dermatology for ATopic Eczema): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of narrowband UVB with optimal topical therapy versus optimal topical therapy in patients with atopic eczema
Creators: name: Knöps, Eva
name: Spuls, Phyllis
name: Duijnhoven, Ruben
name: Dijkgraaf, Marcel
name: van Barreveld, Marit
name: Arents, Bernd
name: van Enst, Annefloor
name: Garritsen, Floor
name: Merkus, Maruschka
name: Middelkamp-Hup, Maritza Albertina
name: Musters, Annelie
name: Bosma, Angela
name: Hyseni, Ariënna
name: Dijkstra, Jitske
name: Hijnen, Dirk Jan
name: Gerbens, Louise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Questionnaires
Dark CP Violation and Gauged Lepton/Baryon Number for Electroweak Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Carena, Marcela
name: Quirós, Mariano
name: Zhang, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the generation of the baryon asymmetry in an extension of the Standard Model where the lepton number is promoted to a $U(1)_\ell$ gauge symmetry with an associated $Z^\prime$ gauge boson. This is based on a novel electroweak baryogenesis mechanism first proposed by us in Ref. \cite{Carena:2018cjh}. Extra fermionic degrees of freedom - including a fermionic dark matter $χ$ - are introduced in the dark sector for anomaly cancellation. Lepton number is spontaneously broken at high scale and the effective theory, containing the Standard Model, the $Z^\prime$, the fermionic dark matter, and an additional complex scalar field $S$, violates CP in the dark sector. The complex scalar field couples to the Higgs portal and is essential in enabling a strong first order phase transition. Dark CP violation is diffused in front of the bubble walls and creates a chiral asymmetry for $χ$, which in turn creates a chemical potential for the Standard Model leptons. Weak sphalerons are then in charge of transforming the net lepton charge asymmetry into net baryon number. We explore the model phenomenology related to the leptophilic $Z^\prime$, the dark matter candidate, the Higgs boson and the additional scalar, as well as implications for electric dipole moments. We also discuss the case when baryon number $U(1)_B$ is promoted to a gauge symmetry, and discuss electroweak baryogenesis and its corresponding phenomenology.
description: 44 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. v2 matches the published version
Supersymmetry reduction of N-extended supergravities in four dimensions
Creators: name: Andrianopoli, Laura
name: D'Auria, Riccardo
name: Ferrara, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possible consistent truncation of N-extended supergravities to lower N' theories. The truncation, unlike the case of N-extended rigid theories, is non trivial and only in some cases it is sufficient just to delete the extra N-N' gravitino multiplets. We explore different cases (starting with N=8 down to N'\geq 2) where the reduction implies restrictions on the matter sector. We perform a detailed analysis of the interesting case N=2 \to N=1. This analysis finds applications in different contexts of superstring and M-theory dynamics.
description: Version published on JHEP
Unitarity at the Late time Boundary of de Sitter
Creators: name: Sengor, Gizem
name: Skordis, Constantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The symmetry group of the de Sitter spacetime, accommodates fields of various masses and spin among its unitary irreducible representations. These unitary representations are labeled by the spin and the weight contribution to the scaling dimension and depending on the mass and spin of the field the weight may take either purely real or purely imaginary values. In this work, we construct the late time boundary operators for a massive scalar field propagating in de Sitter spacetime, in arbitrary dimensions. We show that contrary to the case of Anti de Sitter, purely imaginary weights also correspond to unitary operators, as well as the ones with real weight, and identify the corresponding unitary representations. We demonstrate that these operators correspond to the late time boundary operators and elucidate that all of them have positive definite norm.
description: In accordance with an anonymous referee's suggestions minor additions have been made to the Introduction and Conclusions and the Conclusions section has been reorganized to make it more reader friendly. Published by JHEP
An Overview of the Basic Physical Properties of MgB$_2$
Creators: name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Finnemore, D. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic physical properties of MgB$_2$ have been well established over the past two years of intensive research. At this point there is a general consensus about the values for the isotope shift, critical fields, most of the salient length scales, and general anisotropies. In this paper we will review the determination of these parameters and set the stage for further, more detailed discussions of specific aspects of the physics of MgB$_2$.
description: accepted to Physica C, special MgB2 issu
U(1) x U(1) Quaternionic Metrics from Harmonic Superspace
Creators: name: Casteill, Pierre-Yves
name: Ivanov, Evgeny
name: Valent, Galliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct, using harmonic superspace and the quaternionic quotient approach, a quaternionic-Kähler extension of the most general two centres hyper-Kähler metric. It possesses $U(1)\times U(1)$ isometry, contains as special cases the quaternionic-Kähler extensions of the Taub-NUT and Eguchi-Hanson metrics and exhibits an extra one-parameter freedom which disappears in the hyper-Kähler limit. Some emphasis is put on the relation between this class of quaternionic-Kähler metrics and self-dual Weyl solutions of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell equations. The relation between our explicit results and the recent general ansatz of Calderbank and Pedersen for quaternionic-Kähler metrics with $U(1)\times U(1)$ isometries is traced in detail.
description: 40 pages,0 figure Minor corrected typos
Environmental Barriers and Facilitators to Participation of People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: stakeholders’ perspective
Creators: name: Trajkovski, Vladimir
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: AbstractIntroduction: Social participation is a vital construct in inclusive philosophies and practices across communities. People with Autism Spectrum Disorders have been facing autism-related and environmental participation restrictions, placing them at risk of social exclusion and institutionalization. A multinational project has been developed in order to identify vital facilitating factors and establish PCP system for persons with ASD and tools for facilitators, as well as a ‘master class’ course for facilitators in several south-eastern European countries.
The aim of the study is to identify the most common barriers to participation faced by individuals with ASD and to highlight facilitating factors that can be utilised in development of an autism specific PCP approach.
Methodology: a mixed methodology employing concurrent qualitative-quantitative triangulation design was used. The participants consisted of four groups of stakeholders: young people with ASD, parents & family members of children/young people with ASD, teachers, and professionals. The data was collected via interviews and questionnaires with participants from the mentioned groups, using closed-ended and open-ended questions.
Results: thematic analysis of the information gathered from the interviews and questionnaires was detailed by topics. Each topic was viewed with regards to barriers and facilitators to social participation.
Conclusions: people with ASD have unique support needs that are qualitatively different from other special needs and communities are lacking specific understanding and approaches in meeting those needs. Insights from key stakeholders’ view point represents indispensable considerations in Person-Centred support for overcoming barriers to social participation and promoting health, equity and well-being of persons with ASD.
Additional file 1 of Interactive effects of maternal exposure to chemical fertilizer and socio-economic status on the risk of low birth weight
Creators: name: Lin, Shiqi
name: Li, Jiajia
name: Wu, Jilei
name: Yang, Fan
name: Pei, Lijun
name: Shang, Xuejun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of original model and the model adjusting additionally for pesticide application in examining association between chemical fertilizer exposure, socio-economic status and risk of tLBW. Table S2. Comparison of the original model and the model additionally adjusting for pesticide application in examining the interactive effects of chemical fertilizer exposure and SES on risk of tLBW. Table S3. Comparison of the original model and the model adjusting for variables with a p-value threshold at 0.2 in univariate analysis when examining the association between chemical fertilizer exposure, socio-economic status and risk of tLBW. Table S4. Comparison of the original model and the model adjusting for variables with a p-value threshold at 0.2 in univariate analysis when examining the interactive effects of chemical fertilizer exposure and SES on risk of tLBW. Table S5. Distribution of chemical fertilizer exposure when taking different cut-off points. Table S6. Comparison of results of models in examining the interactive effects of chemical fertilizer exposure and SES on risk of tLBW when taking different cut-off points of village chemical fertilizer application a. Table S7. Interactions between maternal socio-economic status and exposure to chemical fertilizer on the risk of low birth weight when taking 2/3 as cut-off point for village chemical fertilizer application. Table S8. Interactions between maternal socio-economic status and exposure to chemical fertilizer on the risk of low birth weight when taking 3/4 as cut-off point for village chemical fertilizer application.
The Activity and Influence of the Established Church in England, c. 1800-1837
Creators: name: Dixon, Nicholas Andrew
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Anglicanism
Parliament
House of Lords
Elections
Education
National Society
SPCK
Tractarianism
Bishops
Politics
Print Culture
Publishing
Schools
Queen Caroline Affair
Catholic emancipation
Reform Bill
Church of England
Dissent
Clergy
Universities
Radicalism
Whiggism
Toryism
Conservatism
Evangelicalism
Legislation
Preaching
Sermons
Newspapers
Tracts

description: This thesis examines the various ways in which the Church of England engaged with English politics and society from c. 1800 to 1837. Assessments of the early nineteenth-century Church of England remain coloured by a critique originating in radical anti-clerical polemics of the period and reinforced by the writings of the Tractarians and Élie Halévy. It is often assumed that, in consequence of social and political change, the influence of a complacent and reactionary church was irreparably eroded by 1830. While some historians have moved beyond this restrictive framework, their focus has generally been on the Church’s internal affairs and the ways in which the clergy were affected by political and social reforms. By contrast, this thesis investigates not only how the Church responded to change, but also, above all, how the Church itself was able to shape political and social life. The thesis presents a national, as opposed to a regional, picture of Anglican activity by way of geographically dispersed case studies from throughout England. Five main strands are explored. The first chapter delineates the nature and extent of mainstream Anglican allegiance in this period. On this basis, the role of the clergy in political life is considered in the next two chapters, with reference to both the contribution of the bishops to the proceedings of the House of Lords and clerical involvement in parliamentary politics at a local level. In the final two chapters, the extra-parliamentary participation of the Church in English society is discussed, by reference to the growth of Anglican schools for the poor and the expanding efforts of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. From these multifarious strands emerges a new picture of early nineteenth-century English politics and society, in which the Church of England was a pivotal agent, rather than only a beleaguered victim, of significant socio-political changes.
description: Arts and Humanities Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship Pembroke College, Cambridge
Additional file 1 of The impact of sociocultural theory-informed instruction on learners’ IELTS writing: task response, grammar, vocabulary, coherence and cohesion
Creators: name: Allami, Hamid
name: Najari, Boshra
name: Tajeddin, Zia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: More Money or Better Procedures? Evidence from an Energy Efficiency Assistance Program
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Chlond, Bettina
name: Goeschl, Timo
name: Kesternich, Martin
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: durable replacement
Public behavioral economics
low-income households
energy e�ciency
technology adoption.
Economics
Wirtschaft
energy poverty

description: We contribute to the literature on how program design affects program performance among vulnerable groups by studying the effects of varying the subsidy level and program procedures in an energy efficiency assistance program targeting low-income households in Germany. Eligible households receive, upon enrolment, a voucher to subsidize refrigerator replacement. The voucher is redeemed against cash following replacement. Observing the decisions of 77,305 eligible households, our RDD design exploits two quasi-exogenous temporal discontinuities in voucher value and program procedures. We find that a switch from automatic to elective enrolment and more rigid voucher terms reduces the number of vouchers in circulation, but raises the replacement rate among eligible households, the key performance metric, by 4 to 10 percentage points, consistent with psychological theories of goal setting and time management. A subsidy increase of e50 raises replacement rates by 9 to 16 percentage points. The effect of procedural changes is equivalent to an additional e34 in subsidy. Back-of-the-envelope calculations highlight that low-cost changes in procedures that target the behavioral responses of low-income households represent plausible areas of unexploited economies in program design and merit systematic investigation.
The Baryon Density Through The (Cosmological) Ages
Creators: name: Steigman, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light element abundances probe the baryon density of the universe within a few minutes of the Big Bang. Of these relics from the earliest universe, deuterium is the baryometer of choice. By comparing its primordial abundance inferred from observations with that predicted by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), the early universe baryon density is derived. This is then compared to independent estimates of the baryon density several hundred thousand years after the Big Bang and at present, more than 10 billion years later. The excellent agreement among these values represents an impressive confirmation of the standard model of cosmology.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; To be published in the proceedings of the symposium, "100 Years Werner Heisenberg - Works and Impact" (eds. D. Luest & W. P. Schleich; Fortschritte der Physik)
title: Household Expectations and Dissent Among Policymakers
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Grebe, Moritz
name: Tillmann, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: central bank communication
disagreement
Economics
Wirtschaft
survey
in ation expectations, randomized controlled trial

description: This paper studies the impact of dissent in the ECB's Governing Council on uncertainty surrounding households' inflation expectations. We conduct a randomized controlled trial using the Bundesbank Online Panel Households. Participants are provided with alternative information treatments concerning the vote in the Council, e.g. unanimity and dissent, and are asked to submit probabilistic inflation expectations. The results show that the vote is informative. Households revise their subjective inflation forecast after receiving information about the vote. Dissenting votes cause a wider individual distribution of future inflation. Hence, dissent increases households' uncertainty about inflation. This effect is statistically significant once we allow for the interaction between the treatments and individual characteristics of respondents. The results are robust with respect to alternative measures of forecast uncertainty and hold for different model specifications. Our findings suggest that providing information about dissenting votes without additional information about the nature of dissent is detrimental to coordinating household expectations.
title: Performing without Pressure? The Effect of Ghost Games on Effort- and Skill-based Tasks in the Football Bundesliga
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bühren, Christoph
name: Jung, Dominic
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: home advantage
effort vs. skill, Covid-19
Ghost games
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: We analyze the natural experiment of ghost games in the 2019/2020 season of the German football Bundesliga and confirm previous studies showing that the home advantage diminishes if the stadium is empty. However, our paper is the first that distinguishes between effort- and skill-based tasks in this setting. In line with behavioral economics, we observe that a supportive audience has a positive effect on effort-based performance but a negative effect on some offensive skill-based performance measures.
Feasibility of Observing Gamma-ray Polarization from Cygnus X-1 Using a CubeSat
Creators: name: Yang, Chien-Ying
name: Chang, Yi-Chi
name: Liang, Hung-Hsiang
name: Chu, Che-Yen
name: Hsiang, Jr-Yue
name: Chiu, Jeng-Lun
name: Lin, Chih-Hsun
name: Laurent, Philippe
name: Rodriguez, Jerome
name: Chang, Hsiang-Kuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Instruments flown on CubeSats are small. Meaningful applications of CubeSats in astronomical observations rely on the choice of a particular subject that is feasible for CubeSats. Here we report the result of a feasibility study for observing gamma-ray polarization from Cygnus X-1 using a small Compton polarimeter on board a 3U CubeSat. Silicon detectors and cerium bromide scintillators were employed in the instrument models that we discussed in this study. Through Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4-based MEGAlib package, we found that, with a 10-Ms on-axis, zenith-direction observation in a low inclination, low altitude earth orbit radiation background environment, the minimum detectable polarization degree can be down to about 10\% in 160 - 250 keV, 20\% in 250 - 400 keV, and 65\% in 400 - 2000 keV. A 3U CubeSat dedicated to observing Cygnus X-1 can therefore yield useful information on the polarization state of gamma-ray emissions from the brightest persistent X-ray black-hole binary in the sky.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted on June 11, 2020, for publication in The Astronomical Journal
title: Does a CBDC Reinforce Inefficiencies?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Fuchs, Max
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: CBDC
inefficiencies
Economics
Wirtschaft
welfare analysis

description: This paper examines whether a central bank digital currency (CBDC)
reinforces inefficiencies in transactions with cash. In this case, the gap between the traded quantity and the welfare-maximizing one, which arises due to discounting or a suboptimal amount of money, increases further. To get some answers, the monetary search model of Trejos and Wright (1995) is extended by a CBDC. We show that an interest-bearing CBDC reinforces inefficiencies in transactions with cash since opportunity costs for cash holders and money supply increase. Nevertheless, a CBDC is able to increase welfare as long as the share of CBDC holders is limited.
Adult moped-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments
Creators: name: Johnson, Nathaniel K.
name: Johnson, Brandon M.
name: Gerene M. Denning
name: Jennissen, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Objective: Few studies have investigated U.S. emergency department (ED) moped-related injuries. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of moped crashes among adult riders and to identify associations between key variables. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for 2002–2014. Descriptive and comparative analyses of the identified cases were performed. Results: Based on a probability sample of 2,453 cases, an estimated 108,229 U.S. adult moped-related ED visits occurred during the study period. Injuries increased 2.7-fold over time. Summer months and weekdays were the most common crash times. Three-fourths of injured riders were male, two-thirds were ages 23–59 years, and 77% were Caucasian. Among cases documented, one-half were helmeted, and almost two-thirds of crashes occurred at ≤20 mph. The predominant mechanism was a non-collision crash (60%). Skin-related and musculoskeletal diagnoses were most common. Almost one-fifth of patients were admitted or transferred. Regression analyses showed that males were less likely than females to be in crashes with multiple riders, and more likely to have used alcohol/drugs and to be in a crash with another motor vehicle (MVC). Older riders (≥40 years) were more likely than those younger to have used alcohol/drugs and to suffer torso injuries, and less likely to be in an MVC. As compared to other crash mechanisms, MVCs were more likely to involve injuries to the head/neck/face and torso. The likelihood of being admitted/transferred was higher for males, with increasing age, and for collision-related crashes. The higher likelihood of being admitted/transferred was also characterized by alcohol/drug use, by lower limb and torso injuries, and almost 8 times more likely for riders with serious head injuries. Conclusions: Moped injuries increased in all adult age groups during the study period. However, there were significant differences in contributing factors, crash mechanism, and outcomes by sex, race, and age. These findings suggest the need for targeted injury prevention interventions.
Optical Photometry of the Type Ia SN 1999ee and the Type Ib/c SN 1999ex in IC 5179
Creators: name: Stritzinger, M.
name: Hamuy, M.
name: Suntzeff, N. B.
name: Smith, R. C.
name: Phillips, M. M.
name: Maza, J.
name: Strolger, L. G.
name: Antezana, R.
name: Gonzalez, L.
name: Wischnjewsky, M.
name: Candia, P.
name: Espinoza, J.
name: Gonzalez, D.
name: Stubbs, C.
name: Becker, A. C.
name: Rubenstein, E. P.
name: Galaz, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present UBVRIz lightcurves of the Type Ia SN 1999ee and the Type Ib/c SN 1999ex, both located in the galaxy IC 5179. SN 1999ee has an extremely well sampled lightcurve spanning from 10 days before Bmax through 53 days after peak. Near maximum we find systematic differences ~0.05 mag in photometry measured with two different telescopes, even though the photometry is reduced to the same local standards around the supernova using the specific color terms for each instrumental system. We use models for our bandpasses and spectrophotometry of SN 1999ee to derive magnitude corrections (S-corrections) and remedy this problem. This exercise demonstrates the need of accurately characterizing the instrumental system before great photometric accuracies of Type Ia supernovae can be claimed. It also shows that this effect can have important astrophysical consequences since a small systematic shift of 0.02 mag in the B-V color can introduce a 0.08 mag error in the extinction corrected peak B magnitudes of a supernova and thus lead to biased cosmological parameters. The data for the Type Ib/c SN 1999ex present us with the first ever observed shock breakout of a supernova of this class. These observations show that shock breakout occurred 18 days before Bmax and support the idea that Type Ib/c supernovae are due to core collapse of massive stars rather than thermonuclear disruption of white dwarfs.
description: 55 pages, 15 figures, accepted by the Astronomical Journal
Photon spectra and anisotropic flow in heavy ion collisions at the top RHIC energy within the integrated hydrokinetic model with photon hadronization emission
Creators: name: Naboka, V. Yu.
name: Sinyukov, Yu. M.
name: Zinovjev, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integrated HydroKinetic Model (iHKM) is applied to analyse the results of direct photon spectra as well as elliptic and triangular flow measurements in 200A GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC for different centrality bins. Experiments detect the strong centrality dependence of photon elliptic and triangular flow as increasing $v_n(p_T)$-coefficients towards peripheral collisions. The photon production in the model is accumulated from the different sources along with the process of relativistic heavy ion collision developing. Those include the primary hard photons from the parton collisions at the very early stage of the process, the photons generated at the pre-thermal phase of dense matter evolution, then thermal photons at partially equilibrated hydrodynamic quark-gluon stage, together with radiation displaying a confinement and, finally, from the hadron gas phase. Along the way a hadronic medium evolution is treated in two distinct, in a sense opposite, approaches: chemically equilibrium and chemically non-equilibrium, namely, chemically frozen expansion. We find the description of direct photon spectra, elliptic and triangular flow are significantly improved, similar to that found in iHKM for the LHC energies, if an additional portion of photon radiation associated with the confinement processes, the "hadronization photons", is included into consideration.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1812.02763
Additional file 1 of Rapid-flow expulsion maneuver in subglottic secretion clearance to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized controlled study
Creators: name: Li, Ying
name: Yuan, Xue
name: Sun, Bing
name: Li, Hai-chao
name: Chu, Hui-wen
name: Wang, Li
name: Zhao, Yu
name: Tang, Xiao
name: Wang, Rui
name: Li, Xu-yan
name: Tong, Zhao-hui
name: Wang, Chen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix S1. The standard operating procedure for the rapid-flow expulsion maneuver (RFEM). Appendix S2. The definition of VAP and VAP prevention-bundle. Table S1. Hemodynamic status and Laboratory examinations of study patients at randomization. Table S2. Tracheal intubation due to respiratory failure. Table S3. Risk factors for VAP during the study period. Table S4. Microorganisms diagnosis of VAP in patients. Table S5. Changes of vital signs during process of rapid-flow expulsion maneuver.
Stochastic Path Integral Formulation of Full Counting Statistics
Creators: name: Pilgram, S.
name: Jordan, A. N.
name: Sukhorukov, E. V.
name: Buttiker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a stochastic path integral representation of counting statistics in semi-classical systems. The formalism is introduced on the simple case of a single chaotic cavity with two quantum point contacts, and then further generalized to find the propagator for charge distributions with an arbitrary number of counting fields and generalized charges. The counting statistics is given by the saddle point approximation to the path integral, and fluctuations around the saddle point are suppressed in the semi-classical approximation. We use this approach to derive the current cumulants of a chaotic cavity in the hot-electron regime.
description: 4 pages, 1 eps figure, REVTeX
Synthesis of a Cyclic Co2Sn2 Cluster Using a Co– Synthon
Creators: name: Hoidn, Christian M.
name: Rödl, Christian
name: McCrea-Hendrick, Madison L.
name: Block, Theresa
name: Pöttgen, Rainer
name: Ehlers, Andreas W.
name: Power, Philip P.
name: Wolf, Robert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: [Ar′SnCo]2 (1, Ar′ = C6H3-2,6{C6H3-2,6-iPr2}2), a rare metal–metal bonded cobalt–tin cluster with low-coordinate tin atoms, was prepared by the reaction of [K(thf)0.2][Co(1,5-cod)2] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with [Ar′Sn(μ-Cl)]2. This reaction illustrates a promising synthetic strategy to access uncommon metal clusters. The structure of 1 features a rhomboidal Co2Sn2 core with strong metal–metal bonds between tin and cobalt and a weaker tin–tin interaction. Reaction of 1 with white phosphorus afforded [Ar′2Sn2Co2P4] (2), the first molecular cluster compound containing phosphorus, cobalt and tin.
tau- -> K+ K- pi- nu_tau at CLEO III
Creators: name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on 3.26 fb$^{-1}$ data sample collected at CLEO III, we study the decay $τ^-\to K^+K^-π^-ν_τ$, and improve the measurement of the branching ratio ${\cal B}(τ^-\to K^+K^-π^-ν_τ)= (1.59\pm0.06\pm0.13)\times10^{-3}$, the results are preliminary.
description: Talk at the 7th International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics (TAU02), Santa Cruz, Ca, USA, Sept. 10-13, 2002, 3 pages, LaTex, espcrc2.sty, two eps figures
Predicting remaining duration of cataract surgeries
Creators: name: Marafioti, Andrés
name: Hayoz, Michel
name: Gallardo, Mathias
name: Márquez Neila, Pablo
name: Zinkernagel, Martin
name: Wolf, Sebastian
name: Sznitman, Raphael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster: Predicting remaining duration of cataract surgeries
03.p.26-39-vasilevska-petrovska-et-al-JRTDD-2-1.pdf
Creators: name: Trajkovski, Vladimir
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: AbstractIntroduction: Social participation is a vital construct in inclusive philosophies and practices across communities. People with Autism Spectrum Disorders have been facing autism-related and environmental participation restrictions, placing them at risk of social exclusion and institutionalization. A multinational project has been developed in order to identify vital facilitating factors and establish PCP system for persons with ASD and tools for facilitators, as well as a ‘master class’ course for facilitators in several south-eastern European countries.
The aim of the study is to identify the most common barriers to participation faced by individuals with ASD and to highlight facilitating factors that can be utilised in development of an autism specific PCP approach.
Methodology: a mixed methodology employing concurrent qualitative-quantitative triangulation design was used. The participants consisted of four groups of stakeholders: young people with ASD, parents & family members of children/young people with ASD, teachers, and professionals. The data was collected via interviews and questionnaires with participants from the mentioned groups, using closed-ended and open-ended questions.
Results: thematic analysis of the information gathered from the interviews and questionnaires was detailed by topics. Each topic was viewed with regards to barriers and facilitators to social participation.
Conclusions: people with ASD have unique support needs that are qualitatively different from other special needs and communities are lacking specific understanding and approaches in meeting those needs. Insights from key stakeholders’ view point represents indispensable considerations in Person-Centred support for overcoming barriers to social participation and promoting health, equity and well-being of persons with ASD.
Radio Emission from Magnetars
Creators: name: Lyutikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss properties of the expected radio emission from Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters (SGRs) during their bursting activity in the framework of the model of Thompson, Lyutikov and Kulkarni (2002), in which the high energy emission is powered by the dissipation of super-strong magnetic fields in the magnetospheres through reconnection-type events. Drawing on analogies with Solar flares we predict that coherent radio emission resembling solar type-III radio bursts may be emitted in SGRs during X-ray bursts. The radio emission should have correlated pulse profiles with X-rays, narrow-band-type radio spectrum with $Δν\leq ν$ with the typical frequency $ ν\geq 1 $ GHz, and, possibly, a drifting central frequency. We encourage sensitive radio observations of SGRs during the bursting activity.
description: 5 pages, submitted to ApJ Lett
Light-sheet imaging for the recording of transverse absolute density distributions of gas-phase particle-beams from nanoparticle injectors
Creators: name: Worbs, Lena
name: Lübke, Jannik
name: Roth, Nils
name: Samanta, Amit K.
name: Horke, Daniel A.
name: Küpper, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaging biological molecules in the gas-phase requires novel sample delivery methods, which generally have to be characterized and optimized to produce high-density particle beams. A non-destructive characterization method of the transverse particle beam profile is presented. It enables the characterization of the particle beam in parallel to the collection of, for instance, x-ray-diffraction patterns. As a rather simple experimental method, it requires the generation of a small laser-light sheet using a cylindrical telescope and a microscope. The working principle of this technique was demonstrated for the characterization of the fluid-dynamic-focusing behavior of 220 nm polystyrene beads as prototypical nanoparticles. The particle flux was determined and the velocity distribution was calibrated using Mie-scattering calculations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Evolution of Land Conservation Policy
Creators: name: Colman, David
name: Pascual, Unai
name: Hodge, Ian
name: Colman, David
name: Pascual, Unai
name: Hodge, Ian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agri-environmental policy
subject: principal-agent theory
subject: Payment for Environmental Services.

description: The paper looks at the development of conservation policy since the mid-20th Century. It reviews how land conservation policy developed in the UK, and the ethical and policy design issues which emerged as the focus of conservation expanded. It then considers how the lessons learned may be applied to address environmental conservation needs in developing society situations. The first steps in UK conservation policy entailed legislation to establish public rights over privately owned resources. Other legislation recognized the public interest in the environmental values of the rural environment. The next step was to offer payments to rural land owners and operators not to change use. This assumed that land owners had a right to determine the environmental standard on their land and created a problem of asymmetric information. More positive policies followed to generate additional public goods, raising issues of selection bias, and causing some erosion of property rights as expected standards of environmental management were raised. This led to an extensive literature on policy design to avoid these issues, which will be briefly reviewed. Voluntary conservation initiatives are increasingly being framed as Payments for Environmental Services (PES). PES is heralded as an efficient means to achieve conservation goals. This paper, illustrated with examples from developing areas, addresses advantages and limitations of PES in terms of land conservation policy and warns about limiting policy to utilizing strict PES frameworks due to the complexity of conservation goals, reallocation of property rights, trade-offs between efficiency and distributional issues, uncertainties surrounding additionality of PES and the valuation of conservation benefits and costs.
title: The Causal Effect of Private and Organizational Climate-Related Identity on Climate Protection Activities: Evidence from a Framed Field Experiment in Japan
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Arimura, Toshi H.
name: Groh, Elke D.
name: Nakai, Miwa
name: Ziegler, Andreas
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: framed field experiment
climate-related identity
Climate protection activities
non-state actors
private and organizational contexts
Economics
Wirtschaft
priming

description: Based on data for more than 2,400 citizens in Japan, this paper empirically examines the effect of climate-related identity in private and organizational contexts on revealed climate protec-tion activities, measured through incentivized donations. To identify causal effects, we include the concept of priming in our framed field experiment. In line with previous studies, our econ-ometric analysis reveals that environmental attitudes are strongly positively correlated with climate protection activities. However, we cannot confirm causal effects of climate-related attitudes since the private climate-related treatment has no significant effect. In contrast, the organizational climate-related treatment has a significantly positive effect on donations of employed persons for climate protection. This result is especially driven by a significant effect at the intensive margin. It suggests possible spillovers from organizational environmental and climate protection activities on individual climate protection activities so that climate protec-tion in companies, institutions, or other organizations has the potential to increase private cli-mate protection. Our results thus suggest that the stimulation of organizational climate pro-tection activities by climate policy measures such as taxes or subsidies can lead to a double dividend, i.e. to direct climate protection and to climate protection activities of persons who are employed in these organizations. Our empirical analysis also reveals that the estimated effect of the organizational climate-related treatment is particularly strong in the small sub-group of executive officers, managers of firms, and self-employed persons. This result sug-gests that higher individual responsibility and decision-making authority as well as compe-tences, also in terms of climate-related decisions, lead to stronger causal effects of organiza-tional on private climate protection activities.
Towards a Genuine Sustainability Standard for Biofuel Production
Creators: name: Gorter, Harry
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Gorter, Harry
name: Tsur, Yacov
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Sustainability standards for biofuel production calculated via life cycle accounting (LCA) require a certain reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to gasoline. Recently it has been shown that LCA gives biased results and should be extended to incorporate indirect land use change (iLUC). We show that even including iLUCs, LCA is still biased and distorted because it is based on GHG emission and uptake calculations, which assume economic values only if (i) the environmental price of carbon is constant over time and (ii) the social discount rate (SDR) equals zero. We offer a sustainability standard free of these restrictions, expressed in terms of a range of SDRs and a maximal GHG payback period. Applying our methodology to Brazilian and U.S. data, we find that in Brazil conversion to biofuel production of two land types is genuinely sustainable, i.e., satisfies our sustainability standard, whereas in the United States no land type satisfies our criterion. Furthermore, the social value of CO2e savings by having the ethanol production from 12.8 million hectares of U.S. corn be produced in Brazil instead may be as high as $817.7 bil.
Canonical Transformations and Squeezing in Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Cervero, J. M.
name: Rodriguez-Gonzalez, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Paper we present an approach to Quantum Mechanical Canonical Transformations. Our main result is that Time Dependent Quantum Canonical Transformations can always be cast in the form of Squeezing Operators. We revise the main properties of these operators in regard to its Lie group properties, how two of them can be combined to yield another operator of the same class and how can also be decomposed and fragmented. In the second part of the paper we show how this procedure works extremely well for the Time Dependent Quantum Harmonic Oscillator. The issue of the systematic construction of Quantum Canonical Transformations is also discussed along the lines of Dirac, Wigner and Schwinger ideas and to the more recent work by Lee. The main conclusion is that the Classical Phase Space Transformation can be maintained in the operator formalism but the construction of the Quantum Canonical Transformation is not clearly related to the Classical Generating Function of a Classical Canonical Transformation. We propose the road of Squeezing Operators rather than the old one attached to Quantum Operators constructed under the guideline of the exponential of the Classical Generating Function.
description: 9 pages, LaTex, no figures