cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Actomyosin Contractility in the Generation and Plasticity of Axons and Dendritic Spines
Creators: name: Mikhaylova, Marina
name: Rentsch, Jakob
name: Ewers, Helge
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: actin
subject: myosin
subject: spectrin
subject: calpain
subject: calcium signaling
subject: AIS
subject: dendritic spines
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Actin and non-muscle myosins have long been known to play important roles in growth cone steering and neurite outgrowth. More recently, novel functions for non-muscle myosin have been described in axons and dendritic spines. Consequently, possible roles of actomyosin contraction in organizing and maintaining structural properties of dendritic spines, the size and location of axon initial segment and axonal diameter are emerging research topics. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings involving myosin localization and function in these compartments and to discuss possible roles for actomyosin in their function and the signaling pathways that control them.
Sounds of instability from generalized QCD ghost dark energy
Creators: name: Ebrahimi, Esmaeil
name: Sheykhi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate about the stability of generalized QCD ghost dark energy model against perturbations in the FRW background. For this purpose, we use the squared sound speed $v_s^2$ whose sign determines the stability of the model. We explore the stability of this model in the presence/absence of interaction between dark energy and dark matter in both flat and non-flat geometry. In all cases we find almost a same result. Based on the square sound speed analysis, due to the existence of a free parameter in this model, the model is theoretically capable to lead a dark energy dominated stable universe. However, observational constraints rule out such a chance. In conclusion, we find evidences that the generalized ghost dark energy might can not lead to a stable universe favored by observations at the present time.
description: 9 Pages, 3 Figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1106.3504
Advancing The Rate-Distortion-Computation Frontier For Neural Image Compression
Creators: name: Minnen, David
name: Johnston, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The rate-distortion performance of neural image compression models has exceeded the state-of-the-art for non-learned codecs, but neural codecs are still far from widespread deployment and adoption. The largest obstacle is having efficient models that are feasible on a wide variety of consumer hardware. Comparative research and evaluation is difficult due to the lack of standard benchmarking platforms and due to variations in hardware architectures and test environments. Through our rate-distortion-computation (RDC) study we demonstrate that neither floating-point operations (FLOPs) nor runtime are sufficient on their own to accurately rank neural compression methods. We also explore the RDC frontier, which leads to a family of model architectures with the best empirical trade-off between computational requirements and RD performance. Finally, we identify a novel neural compression architecture that yields state-of-the-art RD performance with rate savings of 23.1% over BPG (7.0% over VTM and 3.0% over ELIC) without requiring significantly more FLOPs than other learning-based codecs.
description: Published in 2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
Reference set of relevance ranked plant traits
Creators: name: Grafahrend-Belau, Eva
Publisher: name: e!DAL - Plant Genomics and Phenomics Research Data Repository (PGP), IPK Gatersleben, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Germany
Year: 2014
Subjects: relevance ranking
plant
trait
proteins

description: Relevance ranking training for trait queries: The crucial step for the search engine training is a set of true positive relevance rankings. In order to
			express the relevance of a database entry, a manual set of 400 relevance rated database entries curated for 20 queries over 6 trait categories has been performed.round with user profiles and
			profile specific relevance criteria. To combine end user and domain expert knowledge, use cases, which have a common general interest for daily use, will be identified in this deliverable. Initial
			use cases for the manual curation are queries in protein or gene functional annotations and NCBI literature databases and retrieval of gene/marker data relevant for important traits. Each relevance
			is expressed as evidence classes: fuuly agree, minor quality doubts, could be of relevance, undecided, and no relevance.
Le chartrier de l'abbaye prémontrée de Saint-Yved de Braine (1134–1250), édité par les élèves de l'École nationale des Chartes sous la direction d'O. Guyotjeannin, 2000
Creators: name: Falkenstein, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 30 Nr. 1 (2003)
Infra lightweight concrete: A decade of investigation (a review)
Creators: name: Elshahawi, Mahmoud
name: Hückler, Alex
name: Schlaich, Mike
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 690 Hausbau, Bauhandwerk
subject: high performance lightweight aggregate concrete
subject: infra lightweight concrete
subject: ultra lightweight concrete

description: Around a decade ago, the first realistic mix of infra lightweight concrete (ILC) was developed and used in the construction of the façades of a family house in Berlin. Since then, it has been demonstrated that ILC represents a promising lightweight concrete material of dry density less than 800 kg/m3 and possesses both good thermal insulation characteristics and a sufficient load bearing resistance. Such a unique combination makes it a competitive alternative to the conventional multilayer façades common nowadays in terms of robustness, durability, energy saving and ease of construction. In addition, it opens up innovative architectural horizons. The chief aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge and the development of ILC over the last decade. A further and equally important consideration is to shed light on scientific gaps and issues that require additional investigation. Accordingly, wide comparisons between numerous mixes as to ingredients, density, strength and thermal conductivity are conducted. The review shows how the mechanical and thermal properties of ILC have improved considerably over time. It also reveals, however, how the understanding of the structural behavior of ILC could be improved through further discussions.
Zur Parametrisierung Des Gasaustauschs Mit Hilfe Von Laborexperimenten
Creators: name: Jähne, Bernd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1980
Subjects: air-sea gas exchange
Schmidt number

description: In der folgenden Arbeit werden in Laborexperimenten die Mechanismen des Gasaustausches zwischen Atmosphäre und Meer untersucht. Dazu wurde erstmals ein ringförmiger Wind-Wasser-Kanal eingesetzt, der gegenüber linearen eine Reihe von Vorteilen aufweist. Der Einfluß der Zentrifugalkräfte auf die Austauschprozesse erwies sich als gering. Gemessen wurden neben der Gasaustauschrate für CO2 der Transfer von Wärme in Wasser, die Verdunstungsrate, die Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit und mit Hilfe einer optischen Methode Neigungsspektren und mittlere Neigungen der Wasserwellen.

Im glatten Fall entspricht die viskose Grenzschicht beiderseits der Wasseroberfläche völlig der an einer festen Wand. Das bestätigen die Experimente sowohl durch die absoluten Raten als auch durch die Schmidtzahlabhängigkeit des Gasaustausches von Sc^(-2/3), die unmittelbar aus Kontinuitätsüberlegungen resultiert. Mit dem Auftreten von Kapillarwellen steigen die Transfergeschwindigkeiten der wasserseitig kontrollierten Austauschprozesse stark an. Die Erhöhung des Gasaustausches ist besonders groß, da sich gleichzeitig die Schrnidtzahlabhängigkeit auf Sc^(-1/2) ändert. Zur Erklärung des hohen Anstiegs reichen die bisherigen theoretischen Vorstellungen eine Grenzschichtdickenvariation durch Kapillarwellen nicht aus. Die Änderung der Schmidtzahlabhängigkeit des Gasaustausches deutet vielmehr an, daß durch das Wellenfeld sich ein neuer Mechanismus des turbulenten Transports einstellt. Zur Parametrisierung des Einflusses der Wellen erscheint die mittlere quadratische Neigung der Wellen als geeignete Größe. In Übereinstimmung mit Laborexperimenten an linearen Wind-Wasser-Kanälen entfaltet sich der Einfluß der Kapillarwellen in einem Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeitsbereich von u = 10-30 cm/sec (U10 = 3-8 m/sec). In diesem Bereich steigt der Gasaustausch mit u_*^2 bis u_*^3 an. Bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten ist der Gasaustausch proportional zu u_*. Das Zusammenwirken von turbulentem Transport und chemischer Reaktion läßt sich mit genügender Genauigkeit mit dem tau - Modell berechnen.
Fields of action for designing measures to avoid food losses in logistics networks
Creators: name: Kleineidam, Julia
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 650 Management und unterstützende Tätigkeiten
subject: food loss management
subject: food logistics
subject: success factors
subject: systematic literature review
subject: interviews

description: The literature contains many analyses of measures against food loss. However, there exists no structured analysis of the objective of these measures. This study employs a systematic literature analysis and open expert interviews, combining the perspectives of science and practice. For each analyzed case, we identified the objectives behind the implemented measures. Using qualitative clustering, we categorized the located objectives into fields of action. The identified 13 fields of action provide an overview of the objectives of food loss prevention measures. The results indicate that different levels of importance can be assigned to these fields of action. In particular, the results show the relevance of increased network cooperation and transparency within a company and along the entire value chain. Furthermore, the study indicates that the creation of transparency provides the greatest overall added value in terms of reducing food losses.
Parabolic Hall effect due to copropagating surface modes
Creators: name: Breitkreiz, Maxim
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Anomalous Hall effect
subject: Electrical conductivity
subject: Transport phenomena
subject: Weyl fermions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Real-space separations of countermoving states to opposite surfaces or edges are associated with different types of Hall effects, such as the quantum, spin, or the anomalous Hall effect. Some systems provide the possibility to separate a fraction of countermovers in a completely different fashion: surface states propagating all in the same direction, balanced by countermoving bulk states, realized, e.g., in Weyl metals with intrinsically or extrinsically broken inversion and time-reversal symmetries. In this Rapid Communication we show that these copropagating surface modes are associated with a specific Hall effect-a parabolic potential profile in the direction perpendicular to and in its magnitude linear in the applied field. While in two-dimensional (2D) systems the parabolic potential profile is directly measurable, in 3D the resulting voltage between the bulk and surface is measurable in the geometry of a hollow cylinder. Moreover, the parabolic Hall effect leads to characteristic signatures in the longitudinal conductivity.
Persistent current formation in a high-temperature Bose-Einstein condensate: an experimental test for c-field theory
Creators: name: Rooney, S. J.
name: Neely, T. W.
name: Anderson, B. P.
name: Bradley, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental stirring of a toroidally trapped Bose-Einstein condensate at high temperature generates a disordered array of quantum vortices that decays via thermal dissipation to form a macroscopic persistent current [T. W. Neely em et al. arXiv:1204.1102 (2012)]. We perform 3D numerical simulations of the experimental sequence within the Stochastic Projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation using ab initio determined reservoir parameters. We find that both damping and noise are essential for describing the dynamics of the high-temperature Bose field. The theory gives a quantitative account of the formation of a persistent current, with no fitted parameters.
description: v2: 7 pages, 3 figures, new experimental data and numerical simulations
Predicting glycosylation stereoselectivity using machine learning
Creators: name: Moon, Sooyeon
name: Chatterjee, Sourav
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
name: Gilmore, Kerry
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: stereochemical outcome
subject: prediction
subject: machine learning
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Predicting the stereochemical outcome of chemical reactions is challenging in mechanistically ambiguous transformations. The stereoselectivity of glycosylation reactions is influenced by at least eleven factors across four chemical participants and temperature. A random forest algorithm was trained using a highly reproducible, concise dataset to accurately predict the stereoselective outcome of glycosylations. The steric and electronic contributions of all chemical reagents and solvents were quantified by quantum mechanical calculations. The trained model accurately predicts stereoselectivities for unseen nucleophiles, electrophiles, acid catalyst, and solvents across a wide temperature range (overall root mean square error 6.8%). All predictions were validated experimentally on a standardized microreactor platform. The model helped to identify novel ways to control glycosylation stereoselectivity and accurately predicts previously unknown means of stereocontrol. By quantifying the degree of influence of each variable, we begin to gain a better general understanding of the transformation, for example that environmental factors influence the stereoselectivity of glycosylations more than the coupling partners in this area of chemical space.
Damping of giant dipole resonance in highly excited nuclei
Creators: name: Dang, Nguyen Dinh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The giant dipole resonance's (GDR) width and shape at finite temperature and angular momentum are described within the phonon damping model (PDM), which predicts an overall increase in the GDR's total width at low and moderate temperature T, and its saturation at high T. At T< 1 MeV the GDR width remains nearly constant because of thermal pairing. The PDM description is compared with the experimental systematics obtained from heavy-ion fusion, inelastic scattering of light particles on heavy targets, and alpha induced fusion reactions, as well as with predictions by other theoretical approaches. The results obtained within the PDM and GDR's experimental data are also employed to predict the viscosity of hot medium and heavy nuclei.
description: Invited lecture at the Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics "Extremes of the Nuclear Landscape", August 27 - September 2, 2012, Zakopane, Poland. (10 pages, 5 figures, 25 references). Final version to be published in Acta Physica Polonica B (2013)
Local tropical linear spaces
Creators: name: Rincón, Felipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study general tropical linear spaces locally: For any basis B of the matroid underlying a tropical linear space L, we define the local tropical linear space L_B to be the subcomplex of L consisting of all vectors v that make B a basis of maximal v-weight. The tropical linear space L can then be expressed as the union of all its local tropical linear spaces, which we prove are homeomorphic to Euclidean space. Local tropical linear spaces have a simple description in terms of polyhedral matroid subdivisions, and we prove that they are dual to mixed subdivisions of Minkowski sums of simplices. Using this duality we produce tight upper bounds for their f-vectors. We also study a certain class of tropical linear spaces that we call conical tropical linear spaces, and we give a simple proof that they satisfy Speyer's f-vector conjecture.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. Some results are stated in a bit more generality. Minor corrections were also made
John Colin Davis, Alternative Worlds Imagined, 1500–1700. Essays on Radicalism, Utopianism and Reality, Basingstoke, Hampshire (Palgrave Macmillan) 2017
Creators: name: Zabel, Christine
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2019

description: John Colin Davis, Alternative Worlds Imagined, 1500–1700. Essays on Radicalism, Utopianism and Reality, Basingstoke, Hampshire (Palgrave Macmillan) 2017, VIII–246 p. (Palgrave Studies in Utopianism), ISBN 978-3-319-62231-6, EUR 88,39
description: Francia-Recensio, 2019/2
Hold on, do I really need this? The effect of short reflections on young consumers' purchase desire and purchase likelihood
Creators: name: Grünzner, Maja
name: Richter, Isabel
name: White, Mathew P.
name: Pahl, Sabine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fashion
subject: Behaviour change
subject: Consumer research
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Fast fashion, a main contributor to pollution worldwide, plays an increasingly important role in the fashion industry. Young fashion consumers are a demographic with great spending power in the fast fashion market and their purchases are often based on impulse. Hence, we wanted to explore if short interventions interrupting the impulse can decrease their purchase desire and purchase likelihood. Previous studies in the US have shown that short reflections can decrease purchase desire in consumers and a study with students from South Korea showed that short postponement alone in comparison to other interventions has no significant influence on the buying process. We wanted to follow up on these findings. Therefore, we conducted an experimental vignette study using Qualtrics and collected the data with Prolific. First, participants’ purchase desire was primed with a spontaneous shopping scenario. Second, participants were randomly allocated to one of three short reflection exercises or to a control condition with no exercise in a between-subject-design. Third, participants purchase desire and purchase likelihood was measured. Preliminary results (with very strict exclusion criteria) revealed that reflections based on a deliberation exercise (thinking about reasons of why not to buy a clothing piece) were successful in reducing fashion purchase desire and purchase likelihood in a shopping scenario. No differences were found when asked to reflect on environmental impacts or not. Moreover, reflections based on desire depletion (thinking about the happiest memory with one's favourite piece of clothing) had no effect. With our study we wanted to extend the research on short reflections used as interventions and we specifically aimed to test the effectiveness of different short reflection strategies. Results which are informative for the further development of behavioural interventions targeting fashion consumption.
Quality Of Care And Health Professional Burnout: Narrative Literature Review
Creators: name: Humphries Niamh
name: Morgan, Karen
name: Conry Mary Catherine
name: McGowan Yvonne
name: Anthony, Montgomery
name: McGee Hannah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Quality of care
Professional burnout

description: Healthcare professionals work in environments characterised by constant change. Ageing populations and increased morbidity translate into greater clinical complexity, while pressure to decrease healthcare costs reduce hospital stays, further increasing inpatient acuity. Alongside these developments are demands from the general public in response to well publicised medical scandals and poor conditions in the health service (Collins and Joyce, 2008), for greater quality and rigorous healthcare delivery. Recently, these demands have coincided with government concerns about spiralling healthcare costs (Collins and Joyce,

2008) and calls for greater value for money within the health sector. Cost containment measures, such as staffing reductions, pay freezes and reduced training budgets affect the workforce and have patient-care implications (Buchan and Seccombe, 2012).The focus on healthcare quality in research has arisen in response to mounting evidence that practice, outcomes and costs vary significantly (Berwick, 2009). Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2001) researchers define quality of care (quality for short) as care that is safe, effective, patientcentred,

timely, efficient and equitable. Quality encapsulates the care received by patients,

care delivery by health professionals and also the context within which care is delivered; i.e., conditions prevailing in the workplace (Kingma, 2009). Aiken (Aiken et al., 2008) and (Van Bogaert et al., 2010) highlight the connection between care environments and adverse nurse job outcomes such as burnout and intention to leave.
EWasteNet: A Two-Stream Data Efficient Image Transformer Approach for E-Waste Classification
Creators: name: Islam, Niful
name: Jony, Md. Mehedi Hasan
name: Hasan, Emam
name: Sutradhar, Sunny
name: Rahman, Atikur
name: Islam, Md. Motaharul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Improper disposal of e-waste poses global environmental and health risks, raising serious concerns. The accurate classification of e-waste images is critical for efficient management and recycling. In this paper, we have presented a comprehensive dataset comprised of eight different classes of images of electronic devices named the E-Waste Vision Dataset. We have also presented EWasteNet, a novel two-stream approach for precise e-waste image classification based on a data-efficient image transformer (DeiT). The first stream of EWasteNet passes through a sobel operator that detects the edges while the second stream is directed through an Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling and attention block where multi-scale contextual information is captured. We train both of the streams simultaneously and their features are merged at the decision level. The DeiT is used as the backbone of both streams. Extensive analysis of the e-waste dataset indicates the usefulness of our method, providing 96% accuracy in e-waste classification. The proposed approach demonstrates significant usefulness in addressing the global concern of e-waste management. It facilitates efficient waste management and recycling by accurately classifying e-waste images, reducing health and safety hazards associated with improper disposal.
description: 6 pages
Response modality-dependent categorical choice representations for vibrotactile comparisons
Creators: name: Wu, Yuan-Hao
name: Velenosi, Lisa A.
name: Blankenburg, Felix
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Vibrotactile comparison
subject: Perceptual decision making
subject: Categorical choice
subject: FMRI
subject: Multivariate pattern analysis
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Previous electrophysiological studies in monkeys and humans suggest that premotor regions are the primary loci for the encoding of perceptual choices during vibrotactile comparisons. However, these studies employed paradigms wherein choices were inextricably linked with the stimulus order and selection of manual movements. It remains largely unknown how vibrotactile choices are represented when they are decoupled from these sensorimotor components of the task. To address this question, we used fMRI-MVPA and a variant of the vibrotactile frequency discrimination task which enabled the isolation of choice-related signals from those related to stimulus order and selection of the manual decision reports. We identified the left contralateral dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as carrying information about vibrotactile choices. Our finding provides empirical evidence for an involvement of the PMd and IPS in vibrotactile decisions that goes above and beyond the coding of stimulus order and specific action selection. Considering findings from recent studies in animals, we speculate that the premotor region likely serves as a temporary storage site for information necessary for the specification of concrete manual movements, while the IPS might be more directly involved in the computation of choice. Moreover, this finding replicates results from our previous work using an oculomotor variant of the task, with the important difference that the informative premotor cluster identified in the previous work was centered in the bilateral frontal eye fields rather than in the PMd. Evidence from these two studies indicates that categorical choices in human vibrotactile comparisons are represented in a response modality-dependent manner.
Status of low energy SUSY models confronted with the LHC 125 GeV Higgs data
Creators: name: Cao, Junjie
name: Heng, Zhaoxia
name: Yang, Jin Min
name: Zhu, Jingya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Confronted with the LHC data of a Higgs boson around 125 GeV, different models of low energy SUSY show different behaviors: some are favored, some are marginally survived and some are strongly disfavored or excluded. In this note we update our previous scan over the parameter space of various low energy SUSY models by considering the latest experimental limits like the LHCb data for B_s->μ^+μ^- and the XENON 100(2012) data for dark matter-neucleon scattering. Then we confront the predicted properties of the SM-like Higgs boson in each model with the combined 7 TeV and 8 TeV Higgs search data of the LHC. For a SM-like Higgs boson around 125 GeV, we have the following observations: (i) The most favored model is the NMSSM, whose predictions about the Higgs boson can naturally (without any fine tuning) agree with the experimental data at 1-sigma level, better than the SM; (ii) The MSSM can fit the LHC data quite well but suffer from some extent of fine tuning; (iii) The nMSSM is excluded at 3-sigma level after considering all the available Higgs data; (iv) The CMSSM is quite disfavored since it is hard to give a 125 GeV Higgs boson mass and at the same time cannot enhance the di-photon signal rate.
description: more comprehensive (table and figs showing chi-square added)
The Open Access Journals Toolkit: A community-led initiative (FORCE2023 presentation)
Creators: name: Loffreda, Lucia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open access
journals
publishing
FORCE11

description: This presentation was delivered as part of the FORCE11 Conference in April 2023. The presentation introduces the Open Access Journals Toolkit which can be accessed at www.oajournals-toolkit.org. The Open Access Journals Toolkit is a freely accessible resource providing guidance and further reading materials to support new and established open access journals in navigating the rapidly changing landscape of open access publishing. The Open Access Journals Toolkit covers topics across the journal development lifecycle and everyday operation, such as journal creation, costs, staffing, policy development, through to indexing and key technical aspects. This work has been supported by the Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA) and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).
A Hierarchy of Information Quantities for Finite Block Length Analysis of Quantum Tasks
Creators: name: Tomamichel, Marco
name: Hayashi, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two fundamental tasks in quantum information theory, data compression with quantum side information as well as randomness extraction against quantum side information. We characterize these tasks for general sources using so-called one-shot entropies. We show that these characterizations - in contrast to earlier results - enable us to derive tight second order asymptotics for these tasks in the i.i.d. limit. More generally, our derivation establishes a hierarchy of information quantities that can be used to investigate information theoretic tasks in the quantum domain: The one-shot entropies most accurately describe an operational quantity, yet they tend to be difficult to calculate for large systems. We show that they asymptotically agree up to logarithmic terms with entropies related to the quantum and classical information spectrum, which are easier to calculate in the i.i.d. limit. Our techniques also naturally yields bounds on operational quantities for finite block lengths.
description: See also arXiv:1208.1400, which independently derives part of our result: the second order asymptotics for binary hypothesis testing
Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Modulates Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles of Mononuclear Cells for Efficient Dissemination to Target Organs
Creators: name: Pavulraj, Selvaraj
name: Kamel, Mohamed
name: Stephanowitz, Heike
name: Liu, Fan
name: Plendl, Johanna
name: Osterrieder, Nikolaus
name: Azab, Walid
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: EHV-1
subject: pathogenesis
subject: flow chamber assay
subject: endothelium
subject: equine
subject: PBMC
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes encephalomyelopathy and abortion, for which cell-associated viremia and subsequent virus transfer to and replication in endothelial cells (EC) are responsible and prerequisites. Viral and cellular molecules responsible for efficient cell-to-cell spread of EHV-1 between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and EC remain unclear. We have generated EHV-1 mutants lacking ORF1, ORF2, and ORF17 genes, either individually or in combination. Mutant viruses were analyzed for their replication properties in cultured equine dermal cells, PBMC infection efficiency, virus-induced changes in the PBMC proteome, and cytokine and chemokine expression profiles. ORF1, ORF2, and ORF17 are not essential for virus replication, but ORF17 deletion resulted in a significant reduction in plaque size. Deletion of ORF2 and ORF17 gene significantly reduced cell-to-cell virus transfer from virus-infected PBMC to EC. EHV-1 infection of PBMC resulted in upregulation of several pathways such as Ras signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, platelet activation and leukocyte transendothelial migration. In contrast, chemokine signaling, RNA degradation and apoptotic pathways were downregulated. Deletion of ORF1, ORF2 and ORF17 modulated chemokine signaling and MAPK pathways in infected PBMC, which may explain the impairment of virus spread between PBMC and EC. The proteomic results were further confirmed by chemokine assays, which showed that virus infection dramatically reduced the cytokine/chemokine release in infected PBMC. This study uncovers cellular proteins and pathways influenced by EHV-1 after PBMC infection and provide an important resource for EHV-1 pathogenesis. EHV-1-immunomodulatory genes could be potential targets for the development of live attenuated vaccines or therapeutics against virus infection.
On real analytic orbifolds and Riemannian metrics
Creators: name: Kankaanrinta, Marja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R18

description: We begin by showing that every real analytic orbifold has a real analytic Riemannian metric. It follows that every reduced real analytic orbifold can be expressed as a quotient of a real analytic manifold by a real analytic almost free action of a compact Lie group. We then extend a well-known result of Nomizu and Ozeki concerning Riemannian metrics on manifolds to the orbifold setting: Let $X$ be a smooth (real analytic) orbifold and let $α$ be a smooth (real analytic) Riemannian metric on $X$. Then $X$ has a complete smooth (real analytic) Riemannian metric conformal to $α$.
description: Some corrections to the earlier version
Conformational Studies of Oligosaccharides
Creators: name: Yu, Yang
name: Delbianco, Martina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: conformations
subject: glycans
subject: structural studies
subject: synthetic oligosaccharides
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The conformation of a molecule strongly affects its function, as demonstrated for peptides and nucleic acids. This correlation is much less established for carbohydrates, the most abundant organic materials in nature. Recent advances in synthetic and analytical techniques have enabled the study of carbohydrates at the molecular level. Recurrent structural features were identified as responsible for particular biological activities or material properties. In this Mini-review, recent achievements in the structural characterization of carbohydrates, enabled by systematic studies of chemically defined oligosaccharides, are discussed. These findings can guide the development of more potent glycomimetics. Synthetic carbohydrate materials by design can be envisioned.
Inelastic magnetic scattering effect on LDOS of topological insulators
Creators: name: Thalmeier, Peter
name: Akbari, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic ions such as Fe, Mn and Co with localized spins may be adsorbed on the surface of topological insulators like \Bi. They form scattering centers for the helical surface states which have a Dirac cone dispersion as long as the local spins are disordered. However, the local density of states (LDOS) may be severely modified by the formation of bound states. Commonly only elastic scattering due to normal and exchange potentials of the adatom is assumed. Magnetization measurements show, however, that considerable magnetic single ion anisotropies exist which lead to a splitting of the local impurity spin states resulting in a singlet ground state. Therefore inelastic scattering processes of helical Dirac electrons become possible as described by a dynamical local self energy of second order in the exchange interaction. The self energy influences bound state formation and leads to significant new anomalies in the LDOS at low energies and low temperatures which we calculate within T-matrix approach. We propose that they may be used for spectroscopy of local impurity spin states by appropriate tuning of chemical potential and magnetic field.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures; published version; Fig.9b and five references added
Hamataliwa torsiva Tang & Wang & Peng 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Tang, Guo
name: Wang, Qiaobing
name: Peng, Xianjin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oxyopidae
Hamataliwa
Hamataliwa torsiva

description: Hamataliwa torsiva sp. nov. Figs 16–24 Type material (CHINA: Yunnan, Tengchong County). Holotype: ♀, Houqiao Town, (N25º35.391', E98º25.488', 1785 m), 28 May 2006, X.P. Wang and P. Hu leg. (HNU _Wang060528). Paratypes: 1 ♀, Jietou Town, Datang Village, Daheling (N25º42.018', E98º40.946', 1878 m), 19 May 2006, X.J. Peng, X.P. Wang and P. Hu leg. (CAS _Peng060519). Etymology. The specific name is an adjective from the Latin word torsivus (spiral), and refers to the spirally twisted copulatory ducts. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to H. cucullata sp. nov. in copulatory opening being covered by a raised sclerite. The differences are discussed in the diagnosis of H. cucullata sp. nov. Description. Female (holotype measured): Total length 4.70. Prosoma 1.85 long, 1.50 wide; opisthosoma 2.70 long, 1.80 wide. Carapace brown with grayish white scales. Ocular area black with light gray scales. Eye measurements: AME 0.07; ALE 0.19; PME 0.15; PLE 0.14; AME-AME 0.11; AME-ALE 0.04; PME-PME 0.30; PME-PLE 0.24. Eye row width measurement: I 0.24, II 0.53, III 0.90, IV 0.50. Clypeus height 0.33. Sternum yellow, marginally grayish brown; chelicera, labium and endites blackish brown, chelicera with two promarginal (one large, one small) and one large retromarginal tooth (Fig. 18). Legs grayish brown with long spines. Leg measurements: I 6.40 (2.00, 2.20, 1.40, 0.80); II 5.70 (1.70, 2.00, 1.30, 0.70); III 4.75 (1.50, 1.60, 1.10, 0.55); IV 4.50 (1.40, 1.50, 1.20, 0.40), leg formula: 1234. Opisthosoma dorsally dark gray, with light brown markings bilaterally; ventrally yellow with dark gray marking mesally. Epigynum (Figs 19–24). Epigynal posterior sclerotized rim arc-shaped. A pair of laterally situated, raised sclerites covered the copulatory openings. Copulatory ducts twisted; spermathecae globular. Male: Unknown. Variation. Female total length: 4.40, 4.70 (n=2). Distribution. China (Yunnan).
description: Published as part of Tang, Guo, Wang, Qiaobing & Peng, Xianjin, 2012, Two new species of the genus Hamataliwa Keyserling, 1887 (Araneae: Oxyopidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China, pp. 63-70 in Zootaxa 3544 on page 69
Review of Decoherence Free Subspaces, Noiseless Subsystems, and Dynamical Decoupling
Creators: name: Lidar, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum information requires protection from the adverse affects of decoherence and noise. This review provides an introduction to the theory of decoherence-free subspaces, noiseless subsystems, and dynamical decoupling. It addresses quantum information preservation as well protected computation.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures. Based on lecture notes from a course on quantum error correction given by the author at USC in Spring 2007 and Fall 2011, 2013. Prepared for a special issue of Adv. Chem. Phys. on Quantum Information and Computation for Chemistry. v3: some parts rewritten for clarity, various corrections
Forming a Mogi Doughnut in the Years Prior to and Immediately Before the 2014 M8.1 Iquique, Northern Chile, Earthquake
Creators: name: Schurr, B.
name: Moreno, M.
name: Trehu, A. M.
name: Bedford, J.
name: Kummerow, J.
name: Li, S.
name: Oncken, O.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: subduction zone
subject: earthquake
subject: Chile
subject: Mogi Doughnut
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Asperities are patches where the fault surfaces stick until they break in earthquakes. Locating asperities and understanding their causes in subduction zones is challenging because they are generally located offshore. We use seismicity, interseismic and coseismic slip, and the residual gravity field to map the asperity responsible for the 2014M8.1 Iquique, Chile, earthquake. For several years prior to the mainshock, seismicity occurred exclusively downdip of the asperity. Two weeks before the mainshock, a series of foreshocks first broke the upper plate then the updip rim of the asperity. This seismicity formed a ring around the slip patch (asperity) that later ruptured in the mainshock. The asperity correlated both with high interseismic locking and a circular gravity low, suggesting that it is controlled by geologic structure. Most features of the spatiotemporal seismicity pattern can be explained by a mechanical model in which a single asperity is stressed by relative plate motion.
Conceptualising backlash politics: Introduction to a special issue on backlash politics in comparison
Creators: name: Alter, Karen J.
name: Zürn, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: backlash politics
subject: contestation
subject: emotional politics
subject: taboo breaking
subject: nostalgia
subject: public discourse
subject: retrograde
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Despite the widespread sense that backlash is an important feature of contemporary national and world politics, there is remarkably little scholarly work on the politics of backlash. This special issue conceptualises backlash politics as a distinct form of contentious politics. Backlash politics includes the following three necessary elements: (1) a retrograde objective of returning to a prior social condition, (2) extraordinary goals and tactics that challenge dominant scripts, and (3) a threshold condition of entering mainstream public discourse. When backlash politics combines with frequent companion accelerants - nostalgia, emotional appeals, taboo breaking and institutional reshaping - the results can be unpredictable, contagious, transformative and enduring. Contributions to this special issue engage this definition to advance our understanding of backlash politics. The special issue's conclusion draws insights about the causes and dynamics of backlash politics that lead to the following three potential outcomes: a petering out of the politics, the construction of new cleavages, or a retrograde transformation. Creating a distinct category of backlash politics brings debates in American politics, comparative politics, and international relations together with studies of specific topics, facilitating comparisons across time, space, and issue areas and generating new questions that can hopefully promote lesson drawing.
title: Wie politisch kann, soll und muss Geschichtsschreibung sein?. Teil 3
Creators: name: Bösch, Frank
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2022

description: Dieser Text ist eine Verschriftlichung des Eingangsstatement von Frank Bösch bei der Diskussionsreihe "Geschichtliche Grundfragen". Die von Rüdiger Graf (ZZF), Matthias Pohlig (HUB) und Ulrike Schaper (FU Berlin) initiierte Veranstaltung fand im Winter- und Sommersemester 2021/22 im online-Format statt. Zeitgeschichte|online veröffentlicht die Eingangsstatements der Veranstaltung in einem Dossier. Die Vorträge wurden bis auf wenige Ausnahmen von der Audioaufnahme transkribiert und überarbeitet, dabei wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die rein sprachliche Form der Statements beizubehalten.
HPC-GPT: Integrating Large Language Model for High-Performance Computing
Creators: name: Ding, Xianzhong
name: Chen, Le
name: Emani, Murali
name: Liao, Chunhua
name: Lin, Pei-Hung
name: Vanderbruggen, Tristan
name: Xie, Zhen
name: Cerpa, Alberto E.
name: Du, Wan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs), including the LLaMA model, have exhibited their efficacy across various general-domain natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performance in high-performance computing (HPC) domain tasks has been less than optimal due to the specialized expertise required to interpret the model responses. In response to this challenge, we propose HPC-GPT, a novel LLaMA-based model that has been supervised fine-tuning using generated QA (Question-Answer) instances for the HPC domain. To evaluate its effectiveness, we concentrate on two HPC tasks: managing AI models and datasets for HPC, and data race detection. By employing HPC-GPT, we demonstrate comparable performance with existing methods on both tasks, exemplifying its excellence in HPC-related scenarios. Our experiments on open-source benchmarks yield extensive results, underscoring HPC-GPT's potential to bridge the performance gap between LLMs and HPC-specific tasks. With HPC-GPT, we aim to pave the way for LLMs to excel in HPC domains, simplifying the utilization of language models in complex computing applications.
description: 9 pages
Learning continuous and data-driven molecular descriptors by translating equivalent chemical representations
Creators: name: Winter, Robin
name: Montanari, Floriane
name: Noé, Frank
name: Clevert, Djork-Arné
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: molecular descriptors
subject: chemical representations
subject: machine learning
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: There has been a recent surge of interest in using machine learning across chemical space in order to predict properties of molecules or design molecules and materials with the desired properties. Most of this work relies on defining clever feature representations, in which the chemical graph structure is encoded in a uniform way such that predictions across chemical space can be made. In this work, we propose to exploit the powerful ability of deep neural networks to learn a feature representation from low-level encodings of a huge corpus of chemical structures. Our model borrows ideas from neural machine translation: it translates between two semantically equivalent but syntactically different representations of molecular structures, compressing the meaningful information both representations have in common in a low-dimensional representation vector. Once the model is trained, this representation can be extracted for any new molecule and utilized as a descriptor. In fair benchmarks with respect to various human-engineered molecular fingerprints and graph-convolution models, our method shows competitive performance in modelling quantitative structure–activity relationships in all analysed datasets. Additionally, we show that our descriptor significantly outperforms all baseline molecular fingerprints in two ligand-based virtual screening tasks. Overall, our descriptors show the most consistent performances in all experiments. The continuity of the descriptor space and the existence of the decoder that permits deducing a chemical structure from an embedding vector allow for exploration of the space and open up new opportunities for compound optimization and idea generation.
Crystal structure of 4,4-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, C6H9F3N2
Creators: name: Musa Said, A.
name: Warad, Ismail
name: Seraj Alzahrani, O.
name: Zarrouk, Abdelkader
name: Lentz, Dieter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: crystal structure
subject: C6H9F3N2
subject: 2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::546 Anorganische Chemie

description: C6H9F3N2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.6224(9) Å, b = 11.8639(9) Å, c = 13.3139(11) Å, β = 105.903(3)°, V = 1613.6(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0618, wRref(F2) = 0.1629, T = 102(2) K [1–3].