cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Active Subspaces to Quantify Uncertainty in the Numerical Simulation of the HyShot II Scramjet
Creators: name: Constantine, Paul
name: Emory, Michael
name: Larsson, Johan
name: Iaccarino, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computational analysis of the reactive flow in a hypersonic scramjet engine with focus on effects of uncertainties in the operating conditions. We employ a novel methodology based on active subspaces to characterize the effects of the input uncertainty on the scramjet performance. The active subspace identifies one-dimensional structure in the map from simulation inputs to quantity of interest that allows us to reparameterize the operating conditions; instead of seven physical parameters, we can use a single derived active variable. This dimension reduction enables otherwise infeasible uncertainty quantification, considering the simulation cost of roughly 9500 CPU-hours per run. For two values of the fuel injection rate, we use a total of 68 simulations to (i) identify the parameters that contribute the most to the variation in the output quantity of interest, (ii) estimate upper and lower bounds on the quantity of interest, (iii) classify sets of operating conditions as safe or unsafe corresponding to a threshold on the output quantity of interest, and (iv) estimate a cumulative distribution function for the quantity of interest.
Application of Nylon Affinity Nets to Capture Tuberculosis Extracellular Vesicles and Identify Protein Biomarkers
Creators: name: VIDHI SHARMA
name: MERICA PATRICIA TALLEY
name: Ahana Byne
name: Birkaya, Barbara
name: Luchini, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Tuberculosis (TB) requires efforts for more efficient diagnostic approaches to combat its impact worldwide. Current diagnostic efforts only identify active disease rather than infection stage and are limited to blood or skin samples, which are difficult to obtain from younger or immunocompromised patients. A promising source for TB diagnosis is the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by TB bacteria, containing valuable TB biomarkers in many easily accessible biological samples. They provide an accurate distinction between latent TB and TB disease, and thus, can be more informative if captured properly. This study develops a novel method to utilize nylon affinity nets to properly capture EVs from patient urine samples. We used nylon fibers functionalized with synthetic dyes (affinity net) for the capture and concentration of EVs from urine. EVs are examined for protein and DNA content by LC-MS/MS and by identifying the TB genes within EVs using molecular biology techniques (DNA precipitation - ligation mediated amplification, cloning sequencing, and nucleotide blast). Functionalized nylon captured urine EVs contain MTB peptides and nucleic acids, such as LAM, CD81, CD63, CD9, and the rpoB gene (identified by PCR). Identification of various proteins and markers in TB urine could help in sputum-free diagnosis and antibody development.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
title: Wort oder Wortteil? Empirische Untersuchung zum Status der Erstglieder in Nomen-Verb-Verbindungen.
Creators: name: Terboven, Frederik
Publisher: name: Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Year: 2021

description: Die Dissertationsschrift untersucht den Status der Erstglieder sogenannter Nomen-Verb-Verbindungen als selbständiges Wort oder als integrierter Teil eines komplexen sprachlichen Zeichens.
 Dabei wird im ersten Teil ein definitorischer Rahmen geschaffen, mit dem die bislang nach ihrer angenommenen Bildungsart in Rückbildungen, Konversionen und Inkorporationen eingeteilten Nomen-Verb-Verbindungen anhand ihres morphosyntaktischen Verhaltens kategorisiert werden können.
 Der zweite Teil untersucht vermittels empirisch erhobener Sprecherurteile den Status der nominalen Erstglieder als selbständiges Wort aufgrund deren Determinierbarkeit, Modifizierbarkeit und Referenzialität.
Capturing Exosomes in Urine using a Polyamide 6 - Affinity Net
Creators: name: ADYA MISRA
name: AZADA SAMADI
name: Rocio Cornero
name: Luchini, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Exosomes (EVs) are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles found in biological fluids that carry proteins/nucleic acids. In some cases, cargo is associated with diseases making EVs useful for early detection of diseases. Thus, it is key to find a technology to capture/concentrate EVs from biofluids to study their cargo. Currently, ultracentrifugation is the most common method but is time consuming and costly. In this experiment, an affinity net of Polyamide 6 (nylon) coupled with a dye (Remazol Brilliant Blue R) was developed to capture/concentrate EVs from urine. Characterization tests were performed revealing that %W(dye)/%W nylon was higher at high temperatures and acidic pH. Then, nylon - RBBR was incubated with urine samples to recover EVs. A western blot was performed using a CD63 antibody revealing that CD63 was detected during the elution step confirming the presence of EVs. The detection of CD63 indicates dyes can be used to attract EVs with specific surface proteins providing a time and cost-efficient alternative for EV capture. The use of the affinity net can be extremely beneficial to low-middle income countries for early detection of diseases without the need for high-tech or expensive machinery.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
RexDash: A Comprehensive Dashboard for Analyzing the Technical Performance of Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Creators: name: SOHAM JAIN
name: Lockhart, Christopher
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations have emerged as an effective tool to explore the conformational ensemble of biomolecular systems. By initiating several molecular dynamics simulations under different conditions and periodically swapping structures generated from adjacent conditions, REMD enhances sampling from simulations and facilitates the computation of thermodynamic properties. However, despite REMD’s advantages, there is neither a standardized technique nor a widely adopted toolkit to ensure that REMD simulations are performing as expected. We address these limitations by developing RexDash, an extensive dashboard that features various metrics for assessing the technical performance of REMD simulations. Currently, the dashboard implements Python as the front-end framework to display plots for exchange rates, replica mixing parameters, replica trajectories, and potential energy distributions. RexDash utilizes the Plotly graphing library to render these metrics for REMD data supplied by the user in comma-separated value format. In addition, RexDash employs HTML and Flask, a backend web framework that enables visualization of REMD simulation results by deploying the webpage as an online server. To validate and test metrics generated by the dashboard, we conducted REMD simulations of alanine dipeptide, a standard model system for molecular simulations. RexDash will provide future researchers and simulation practitioners with a readily available resource to analyze the technical setup of their REMD simulations and, therefore, is an important first step in the standardization of REMD results.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
DataCite Fabrica & DataCite Commons Training
Creators: name: Hirsch, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Core Training
DataCite Member Meeting 2022
Training session
Fabrica
DataCite Commons

description: DataCite Member Meeting 2022 DataCite Training Session (Core Track) DataCite Fabrica & DataCite Commons September 2022
Consumer Privacy and Serial Monopoly
Creators: name: Bhaskar, V.
name: Roketskiy, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We examine the implications of consumer privacy when preferences today depend upon past consumption choices, and consumers shop from different sellers in each period. Although consumers are ex ante identical, their initial consumption choices cannot be deterministic. Thus ex post heterogeneity in preferences arises endogenously. Consumer privacy improves social welfare, consumer surplus and the profits of the second-period seller, while reducing the profits of the first period seller, relative to the situation where consumption choices are observed by the later seller.
description: Keywords: consumer privacy, dynamic demand, endogenous screening, nonlinear pricing. JEL Codes: D11, D43, L13
Gravitationally quantized orbits in the solar system: computations based on the global polytropic model
Creators: name: Geroyannis, Vassilis
name: Valvi, Florendia
name: Dallas, Themis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The so-called "global polytropic model" is based on the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium for the solar system, or for a planet's system of statellites (like the jovian system), described by the Lane-Emden differential equation. A polytropic sphere of polytropic index $n$ and radius $R_1$ represents the central component $S_1$ (Sun or planet) of a polytropic configuration with further components the polytropic spherical shells $S_2$, $S_3$, ..., defined by the pairs of radii $(R_1,\,R_2)$, $(R_2,\,R_3)$, ..., respectively. $R_1,\,R_2,\,R_3,\, ...$, are the roots of the real part $\mathrm{Re}(θ)$ of the complex Lane-Emden function $θ$. Each polytropic shell is assumed to be an appropriate place for a planet, or a planet's satellite, to be "born" and "Live". This scenario has been studied numerically for the cases of the solar and the jovian systems. In the present paper, the Lane-Emden differential equation is solved numerically in the complex plane by using the Fortran code DCRKF54 (modified Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg code of fourth and fifth order for solving initial value problems in the complex plane along complex paths). We include in our numerical study some trans-Neptunian objects.
description: v1 has been submitted to the International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics and accepted after revision; v2, i.e. the present version, is the revised E-print; 13 pages
Additional file 7 of Complete representation of a tapeworm genome reveals chromosomes capped by centromeres, necessitating a dual role in segregation and protection
Creators: name: Olson, Peter D.
name: Tracey, Alan
name: Baillie, Andrew
name: James, Katherine
name: Doyle, Stephen R.
name: Buddenborg, Sarah K.
name: Rodgers, Faye H.
name: Holroyd, Nancy
name: Berriman, Matt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S5. Optical map contigs aligned to the genome assembly of the rRNA repeat array. Five contigs from the optical map are shown with the segment that aligns to the sequenced repeat indicated by coloured bars. The largest map contig (arrow) represents one haplotype containing the rRNA tandem repeat (pink bar) as well as the left (blue bar) and right (yellow bar) flanking regions. Other optical map contigs either contain the repeat together with either 5’ or 3’ flanking region, and likely represent an alternative haplotype, or have an insufficient amount of unique sequence to unambiguously determine their position within the repeat array.
De novo drug design for a protein binding site
Creators: name: MUHAMMAD CHAWLA
name: Lockhart, Christopher
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Traditional methods of drug discovery can be time-intensive and have significant costs. The process of finding an effective drug is often nonlinear involving heuristics, chemical intuition, and several rounds of trial and error. In comparison, structure-based drug design has emerged as a tool to develop drugs for specific protein targets, which can shorten the time to market and reduce costs. The program OpenGrowth, developed by the Shakhnovich Biophysics Lab at Harvard University, is a particularly promising computational approach for de novo drug design. This algorithm combines various chemical molecules, or fragments, to create a suitable drug in the context of a protein binding site. We ran this program to find a drug that can bind to the protein HIV-1 protease and thus inhibit the normal function of this protein, which is critical for the life cycle of the HIV virus. We produced 500 potential drugs, 42.5% of which passed the OpenGrowth 3Mer test assessing if analogs of the drug substructure have been found in other compounds. We then evaluated the drugs for ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties using the program SwissADME; toxicity with the program ProTox-II; and similarity using the Tanimoto coefficient. Overall, we were able to determine that OpenGrowth is able to search chemical space and find drugs that bind and fit into a particular binding site. Additional tests will be necessary to determine the efficacy of these drugs in an in vitro or in vivo environment.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Study of hadronic event-shape variables in multijet final states in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Event-shape variables, which are sensitive to perturbative and nonperturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamic (QCD) interactions, are studied in multijet events recorded in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. Events are selected with at least one jet with transverse momentum pt > 110 GeV and pseudorapidity abs(eta) < 2.4, in a data sample corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5 inverse femtobarns. The distributions of five event-shape variables in various leading jet pt ranges are compared to predictions from different QCD Monte Carlo event generators.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Network analysis of replica exchange simulations
Creators: name: MARÍA JOSÉ DÍAZ DELGADO
name: Lockhart, Christopher
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations have become an increasingly popular method for probing the equilibrium properties of biomolecules. REMD executes simulations of same system evaluated under different conditions and periodically attempts to exchange structures at neighboring conditions according to Metropolis Monte Carlo. Our study applies network analysis to assess the impact of the number of replicas on REMD performance and address if graph theory can be a useful tool to aid in the analysis of REMD. Using alanine dipeptide as a model system and a REMD temperature range from 310 K to 500 K, we evaluated the behavior of REMD when 12, 16, 24, 28, 32, and 36 replicas were used. To perform network analysis, we defined a node as a simulation condition and set the distance between nodes based on the empirical exchange failure rate. We computed network centrality metrics and found that average closeness decreases with the number of replicas. Although this result suggests that structural exploration via replica exchange is expected to differ depending on the network, surprisingly the number of states, computed as the number of distinct enthalpy values observed at 310 K, remains the same for all networks. Because this outcome was obtained for a simple simulation system, we will repeat this analysis for more complicated biomolecular systems to validate our conclusions. Overall, our study demonstrates that network analysis is a promising approach to evaluate the technical performance of REMD and should be explored further.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Resurgent Supersymmetry and String Theory
Creators: name: Brust, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a realization of accidental supersymmetry in type IIB string theory as a proof-of-principle of the mechanism and as a prototype of the strong sector present in resurgent supersymmetry, a warped UV-completion of natural supersymmetry. We first introduce the mechanism of accidental supersymmetry as a way of producing a supersymmetric spectrum in the IR of a quasi-conformal field theory, and then go on to discuss the utility of the mechanism in the specific BSM model of resurgent supersymmetry. The realization of accidental SUSY that we study is IIB string theory on an orbifold of the Klebanov-Strassler solution.
description: 15 pages plus appendix, 4 figures
Binding of indolicidin to the DMPC using molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: KUBER GOHIL
name: Lockhart, Christopher
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune system and fight bacterial infections by disrupting bacterial lipid bilayers or encouraging water permeation. Indolicidin, a cationic AMP with 13 amino acids, has garnered attention due to its broad-spectrum activity, unique secondary structure profile compared to other AMPs, and short sequence. We used molecular dynamics simulations to study the binding of indolicidin peptides to the DMPC bilayer. We analyzed this system by extracting the atomic coordinates as a function of time and computing the distance between indolicidin and the DMPC bilayer. We also performed secondary structure analysis to understand the effect of binding on indolicidin structure. Overall, our molecular dynamics simulations assess the physicochemical mechanisms of indolicidin’s initial docking process to the DMPC bilayer. In future studies, we will extend these simulations to establish the impact of indolicidin’s equilibrium binding profile on its antimicrobial activity.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
title: Modeling Filler Flocculation in Elastomers – an Approach Based on Surface Free Energies and Monte Carlo Simulation
Creators: name: Gundlach, Norman
Publisher: name: Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Year: 2019

description: Elastomer materials, such as tires, damping elements, and rubber soles of shoes require the addition of filler particles for reinforcement and durability as well as the enhancement of other properties of the final product. During the post-mixing stages the previously dispersed filler undergoes (re-)agglomeration in a process called flocculation. The resulting filler network morphology strongly influences the mechanical properties of the rubber material. This means that the structure itself, its dependence on the physicochemical properties of the underlying components, and its attendant influence on, for instance, the dynamic rubber moduli are of significant interest. In this work, a coarse-grained simulation approach for the investigation of filler structures within elastomers created due to flocculation is presented: the morphology generator. It utilizes a lattice model of the components, whose thermodynamic development is governed by (measured) surface and interface free energies. The flocculation process is mimicked via a nearest-neighbor site-exchange Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm. It mini-mizes the free enthalpy and the number of Monte Carlo moves provides a rough measure of time due to the local nature of the moves. The elastomer materials investigated in this work consist of di˙erent rubbers plus filler of variable type. The focus is hereby on natural and styrene-butadiene rubber – either individually or as a blend – containing carbon black or silica of di˙erent grades. For the filler particles, the model allows to assign the property of surface treatment individually to each side of the particle. A specific example of surface treatment in the case of silica particles is silanization. The resulting morphologies are investigated with simulated transmission electron microscopy and small angle scattering. Quantities of interest include the size of the aggregates and their mass fractal dimension, the fractional interface lengths between the components, and the categorization of filler networks in mass, size, and, if feasible, their mass fractal dimension.
Compressive Earth Observatory: An Insight from AIRS/AMSU Retrievals
Creators: name: Ebtehaj, Ardeshir Mohammad
name: Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi
name: Lerman, Gilad
name: Bras, Rafael Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the global fields of temperature, humidity and geopotential heights admit a nearly sparse representation in the wavelet domain, offering a viable path forward to explore new paradigms of sparsity-promoting data assimilation and compressive recovery of land surface-atmospheric states from space. We illustrate this idea using retrieval products of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on board the Aqua satellite. The results reveal that the sparsity of the fields of temperature is relatively pressure-independent while atmospheric humidity and geopotential heights are typically sparser at lower and higher pressure levels, respectively. We provide evidence that these land-atmospheric states can be accurately estimated using a small set of measurements by taking advantage of their sparsity prior.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
$\mathrm{BaAs_3}$: A narrow gap 2D semiconductor with vacancy-induced semiconductor-metal transition
Creators: name: Tang, Ping
name: Yuan, Jun-Hui
name: Song, Ya-Qian
name: Xu, Ming
name: Xue, Kan-Hao
name: Miao, Xiang-Shui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for novel two-dimensional (2D) materials is highly desired in the field of nanoelectronics. We here propose a new 2D crystal barium tri-arsenide ($\mathrm{BaAs_3}$) with a series of encouraging functionalities. Being kinetically and thermally stable, the monolayer and bilayer forms of $\mathrm{BaAs_3}$ possess narrow indirect band gaps of 0.87 eV and 0.40 eV, respectively, with high hole mobilities on the order of ~$\mathrm{10^3\ cm^{2}\,V^{-1}\,s^{-1}}$. The electronic properties of 2D $\mathrm{BaAs_3}$ can be manipulated by controlling the layer thickness. The favorable cleavage energy reveals that layered $\mathrm{BaAs_3}$ can be produced as a freestanding 2D material. Furthermore, by introducing vacancy defects monolayer $\mathrm{BaAs_3}$ can be transformed from a semiconductor to a metal. 2D $\mathrm{BaAs_3}$ may find promising applications in nanoelectronic devices.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures; Supporting Information contains 10 pages and 12 figures
Exploring the Effect of Data Heterogeneity in Federated Learning for Language Modeling
Creators: name: MARINA LIN
name: Crawshaw, Michael
name: Mingrui Liu
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Federated Learning (FL) is a large-scale distributed paradigm for machine learning characterized by decentralized data and limited communication. Data heterogeneity, or differences in data across clients, is a central challenge in FL that can significantly slow down the learning process. Language modeling involves predicting the probability of a sequence of words in context and is the foundation for Chatbots such as ChatGPT. Currently, the effect of data heterogeneity is not well understood in practical settings such as in language modeling. For instance, (i) it is unclear whether the conventional assumption of bounded gradient dissimilarity holds during training of language models. Furthermore, (ii) algorithms introduced to handle data heterogeneity rely on assumptions which may not hold in practice. An example of this is the SCAFFOLD algorithm relying on smoothness of the objective function, a condition that is often violated by language models. In this work, the role of heterogeneity is investigated while training Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for language modeling by experimentally addressing (i) and (ii) above. To address point (i), the gradient dissimilarity and its correlation to performance degradation under data heterogeneity is measured, with the goal of testing the theoretical assumption above. To address point (ii), SCAFFOLD is compared against baselines to determine whether techniques to mitigate heterogeneity are helpful for language modeling tasks. By learning about the impact of data heterogeneity in the context on language modeling, we can create more personalized and accurate chatbots to enhance user experience.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Why do Geodetic Data need DOIs? An introduction to data publications and the GGOS DOI Working Group
Creators: name: Elger, Kirsten
name: Miglio, Anna
name: Bruyninx, Carine
name: GGOS DOI Working Group
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: DOI
geodesy
persistent identifier
ROR
ORCID
Scholix
metadata
GGOS
Global Geodetic Observing System

description: The use of digital object identifiers (DOI) for scientific data and scientific software is increasingly common practice for more than a decade. As a result of the Coalition on Publishing Data in the Earth and Space Sciences (COPDESS) and other initiatives, DOI-referenced datasets are fully citable in scholarly literature and more and more journals require the availability of data underlying scientific results and their citation. Technical implementations, like Scholix (a framework for Scholarly Link Exchange) enable direct links and between literature and data and support the visibility of research data. Key elements for enabling these links are persistent identifier (PID). These PIDs allow, e.g., to uniquely identify data, scholarly literature and code (via DOIs), persons (via ORCID), institutions and funding agencies (via ROR – the registry of research organizations), via machine-actionable links and should be included in the DOI metadata. Similar to other scientific disciplines, the use of DOI for geodetic data is increasing in the last years. While this is easy for static data, like for global of regional gravitational models or GNSS campaign data, most geodetic data are large (mainly due to the large number of files and high temporal resolution) and highly dynamic (real time data acquisition) and highly granular. Geodetic services of the International Association for Geodesy (IAG) are international key player for geodetic data provision and distribution and their operating institutions and funding agencies increasingly require the provision of tangible data use and access statistics. Credit through citation was a major reason for the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) to establish a Working Group on using DOI for geodetic data sets (GGOS DOI WG) and for the working group members. The GGOS DOI WG was established in 2019 and includes international representatives of IAG Services and geodetic data centres and associated members that aims at developing best practices and recommendations for the consistent implementation of DOIs across all IAG Services and in the greater geodetic community. This presentation will give an update on recent group activities and on the status of DOI minting for geodetic datasets across IAG Services. This presentation was given during a seminar of the GNSS Group of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, CA on Thursday 9 March 2023.
Modelling individual farmers behaviours in Coupled Human Natural Systems under changing climate and society (MODFaBe)
Creators: name: Ricart, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Climate change and water resources governance represent two necessarily interdisciplinary topics in which the natural and social sciences must be integrated. Assuming water flows as physical, social, political, and symbolic matters, it is necessary to entwining these domains in specific configurations in which water users, managers, and decision-makers could be directly involved. Social learning is considered an important issue in achieving this goal by promoting new understanding or shared meaning to (1) increase adaptive capacity, (2) build trust and collaborative problem solving, and (3) ensure better co-working. The perception of climate change is fundamental for two important reasons: first, because it constitutes a key component of the socio-political context within which policymakers exercise their decisions in socio-ecological systems. The second reason is more direct: climate change adaptation requires behaviour transformation and attitude change from those who make individual and collective choices that have a huge impact on the planet’s climate balance. The MODFABE project aims to increase the robustness of decision-making processes in Coupled Human-Nature Systems (CHNS) by modelling farmers’ perception and adaptation capacity to climate change. The MODFABE’s core is to integrate observational data (farmers’ perception) into an existing behavioural model (DistriLake) applied to the management of water supply and demand in the Lake Como (Italy) to increase the rationality of farmers’ interventions in the decision-making processes considering multiple competing purposes and a multiobjective context. The Muzza system is the case study acting as a test for understanding which driving-factors are affecting farmers’ perception regarding climate change impacts and how their adaptation capacity affects the management of the CHNS. Results could be extrapolated to other socio-ecological systems and used to reformulate policy recommendations from social-learning to better respond to climate change by considering the preferences shift toward a new equilibrium in decision-making processes.
Two problems in the theory of differential equations
Creators: name: Leites, Dimitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81XX, 34XX, 35XX

description: 1) The differential equation considered in terms of exterior differential forms, as É.Cartan did, singles out a differential ideal in the supercommutative superalgebra of differential forms, hence an affine supervariety. In view of this observation, it is evident that every differential equation has a supersymmetry (perhaps trivial). Superymmetries of which (systems of) classical differential equations are missed yet?
 2) Why criteria of formal integrability of differential equations are never used in practice?
Saliva Genotyping Using the 96.96 IFC with SNP Type Assays
Creators: name: AURORA RICHARD
name: SHREYES AIER
name: Skislak, Cade
name: Young, Amy
name: Liotta, Lance
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are highly useful in genotyping, as they are the most common genetic variants in the human genome and are unique to each individual. Saliva SNP testing is a new undertaking, and exploration and optimization of saliva sample parameters are required to authenticate the composition of a saliva sample and link it to a specific person. SNP studies were improved with the use of microfluidics PCR and SNP assay technologies and run with a 96.96 dynamic array IFC and Biomark X PCR machine. Our study consisted of numerous trials with a variety of parameters to observe differences in confidence and call rates of SNPs present in a given sample. Various conditions were studied including volume, contamination, additives, age, and temperature. The results vary depending on the concentration strength of additives in a definite volume. Saliva drug testing has increased in the last few years compared to urine drug testing due to the versatility in sample collection, decreased invalid tests, and enhanced detection of recent drug use. The objective of this study is to combine saliva SNPs with saliva drug testing to eliminate illegal interference, promoting accurate drug examinations.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Enclosure method for the p-Laplace equation
Creators: name: Brander, Tommi
name: Kar, Manas
name: Salo, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30 (Primary), 35J92 (Secondary)

description: We study the enclosure method for the p-Calderón problem, which is a nonlinear generalization of the inverse conductivity problem due to Calderón that involves the p-Laplace equation. The method allows one to reconstruct the convex hull of an inclusion in the nonlinear model by using exponentially growing solutions introduced by Wolff. We justify this method for the penetrable obstacle case, where the inclusion is modelled as a jump in the conductivity. The result is based on a monotonicity inequality and the properties of the Wolff solutions.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Assessing the Immunogenicity of DNA Scaffolding for Hybrid Molecular Modalities in THP-1 Cells
Creators: name: Sovinski, Hanna
name: Roman, Jessica
name: Luchini, Alessandra
name: Liotta, Lance
name: Veneziano, Remi
name: Haymond, Amanda
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: The IL-33/ST2 complex has been implicated to have a critical role in immune responses towards cancerous tumors. While immunotherapies have been quite successful in blood cancers and melanomas, breast cancers and other solid tumors are rarely responsive and the IL-33/ST2 signaling axis has been suspected to elicit pro-tumoral phenomena. To this end we have designed a multivalent inhibitor composed of small inhibitory peptides hybridized to a DNA scaffold with the goal of facilitating immunotherapies in solid tumors. However, intolerable immune related adverse events (irAEs) are a concern regarding the safety of immune manipulation, such as inducing cytokine storms. To evaluate the impacts of this scaffold, stimulated THP-1 cells were challenged with the DNA scaffolding to determine whether it caused immunogenicity through upregulation of TLR-9. Here we assess the potential immunogenicity of a multivalent molecule DNA scaffolding by challenging THP-1 cells with this complex.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
title: The persistence of institutions in regions: shocks, public policies, and inequalities
Creators: name: Wang, Han
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: This thesis presents an empirical analysis of the influence of regional institutions on the social and economic inequalities through crises and policies changes. It is organised into four independent chapters. Chapter 1 investigates how an indigenous government institution affect contemporary economic development. Government institutions have long been known as critical drivers of growth. However, it is still unknown whether the institution is resilient after experiencing large political shocks. Using the textual data from government records, we examine how differences in local government quality in Imperial times determined current differences in economic development. Chapter 2 focuses on government institutions’ role in explaining performance differences in pandemic prevention. Current research so far has primarily overlooked linking institutions to social outcomes. How institutions react to public health crises has attracted minimal attention. We collected and combined the Black Death’s mortality rate and duration data with the location of autonomous cities to study whether a greater degree of autonomy could have allowed cities to react effectively after the pandemics. Chapter 3 moves beyond public-order institutions to study the persistent economic effect of the private-order institutions. We used historical administrative data, the Statistics of Agriculture and Commerce, to digitalise the conditions of the chamber system of China in the 1910s. To measure contemporary business performance, we rely on the Firm Registration Database, which systemically documents start-ups’ emergence since 1975. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we identify cities heavily permeated with the historical chamber system as enjoying more entrepreneurs and flourishing with innovative performances when the market economy reopens. Our instrumental variable strategy has also verified these results. Chapter 4 investigates the influence of culture. Within the background of son preference, we discuss how the family planning policy distorts a couple’s decision-making about childbirth. Under natural conditions, parents satisfy potential son preferences by giving birth until a son is born. However, with restrictions on family size, the cultural preference for sons can no longer be smoothed out by adding additional children. Parents may practise prenatal and postnatal discrimination against daughters, lowering their probability of survival relative to sons. Drawing on the natural experiment of the Two-Child Policy, we examine whether inconsiderate policies could further trigger the dark side of a backward culture.
Kooperatives Arbeiten in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in 2023
Creators: name: Strauch-Davey, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Forschungsdaten
Bibliothek
Bibliotheken

description: Dieser Beitrag ist im Jan. 2023 bei "lehmanns media" erschienen: https://lehmannsbib.de/kooperatives-arbeiten-in-wissenschaftlichen-bibliotheken-in-2023/
Charged black holes in string-inspired gravity: I. Causal structures and responses of the Brans-Dicke field
Creators: name: Hansen, Jakob
name: Yeom, Dong-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate gravitational collapses of charged black holes in string-inspired gravity models, including dilaton gravity and braneworld model, as well as f(R) gravity and the ghost limit. If we turn on gauge coupling, the causal structures and the responses of the Brans-Dicke field depend on the coupling between the charged matter and the Brans-Dicke field. For Type IIA inspired models, a Cauchy horizon exists, while there is no Cauchy horizon for Type I or Heterotic inspired models. For Type IIA inspired models, the no-hair theorem is satisfied asymptotically, while it is biased to the weak coupling limit for Type I or Heterotic inspired models. Apart from string theory, we find that in the ghost limit, a gravitational collapse can induce inflation by itself and create one-way traversable wormholes without the need of other special initial conditions.
description: 45 pages, 22 figures
IF EVs: a new molecular measurement of mitochondrial health
Creators: name: LINDA HUANG
name: ANJU ADVANI
name: EMMA MATHEW
name: LAYLA HASANZADAH
name: Montemurro, Olivia
name: Rojas, Angela
name: Purva Gade
name: Howard, Marissa
name: Liotta, Lance
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Tumor interstitial fluid (IF) is the wet matrix bathing all tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space. EVs released from healthy and diseased tissue IF into the lymphatic drainage are poorly understood. PINK1 is a mitochondrial membrane sensor to initiate mitophagy, the necessary process of removing damaged mitochondria. Healthy mitochondria break down PINK1 into fragments by protease cleavage of the full length (FL) PINK1. In contrast, stressed/damaged mitochondria fail to cleave PINK1, thereby leaving FL-PINK1 protein to trigger mitophagy. We hypothesize PINK1 cleavage status is a novel measure of a cell’s mitochondrial health. We discovered that PINK1, during high mitophagy demand, exports damaged mitochondrial pieces within EVs. We found that tumor IF EVs contain different ratios of FL-PINK1 to c-PINK1. We compared ratios of the PINK1 levels in tumor IF vs normal IF and found non-tumor IF contained only c-PINK1 whereas tumor IF contained a greater ratio of FL-PINK1 indicative of oxidative stress within the tumor tissue. During in vitro assays using mitophagy-inducing drug CCCP on 4T1 breast cancer cells we found greater levels of FL-PINK1 EV export. Thus IF EV PINK1 fragmentation ratio is a novel sensitive indicator of cellular mitochondrial health
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Inverses of Cartan matrices of Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras
Creators: name: Leites, Dimitry
name: Lozhechnyk, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 17B50, 17B99, Secondary 15A09, 70F25

description: The inverses of indecomposable Cartan matrices are computed for finite-dimensional Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras over fields of any characteristic, and for hyperbolic (almost affine) complex Lie (super)algebras. We discovered three yet inexplicable new phenomena, of which (a) and (b) concern hyperbolic (almost affine) complex Lie (super)algebras, except for the 5 Lie superalgebras whose Cartan matrices have 0 on the main diagonal: (a) several of the inverses of Cartan matrices have all their elements negative (not just non-positive, as they should be according to an a priori characterization due to Zhang Hechun); (b) the 0s only occur on the main diagonals of the inverses; (c) the determinants of inequivalent Cartan matrices of the simple Lie (super)algebra may differ (in any characteristic).
 We interpret most of the results of Wei Yangjiang and Zou Yi Ming, Inverses of Cartan matrices of Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, Linear Alg. Appl., 521 (2017) 283--298 as inverses of the Gram matrices of non-degenerate invariant symmetric bilinear forms on the (super)algebras considered, not of Cartan matrices, and give more adequate references. In particular, the inverses of Cartan matrices of simple Lie algebras were already published, starting with Dynkin's paper in 1952, see also Table 2 in Springer's book by Onishchik and Vinberg (1990).
description: We reproduce definition of root spaces from arXiv:0710.5149 and arXiv:0906.1860. Version 2 contains inadvertently forgotten subsection 8.3 and accordingly edited Introduction and Abstract
TV_ARVOR cruise,Pourquoi pas ? R/V
Creators: name: Division Plans De DMI-SHOM
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2011

description: Utilisation du transit valorisé du Pourquoi Pas ? se rendant aux Açores pour la campagne BIOBAZ/MOMARSAT. Déploiement de 2 ARVOR sur le transit aller entre Toulon et La Horta.
Observation of the diphoton decay of the Higgs boson and measurement of its properties
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observation of the diphoton decay mode of the recently discovered Higgs boson and measurement of some of its properties are reported. The analysis uses the entire dataset collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions during the 2011 and 2012 LHC running periods. The data samples correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.1 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV. A clear signal is observed in the diphoton channel at a mass close to 125 GeV with a local significance of 5.7 sigma, where a significance of 5.2 sigma is expected for the standard model Higgs boson. The mass is measured to be 124.70 +/- 0.34 GeV = 124.70 +/- 0.31 (stat) +/- 0.15 (syst) GeV, and the best-fit signal strength relative to the standard model prediction is 1.14 +0.26/-0.23 = 1.14 +/- 0.21 (stat) +0.09/-0.05 (syst) +0.13/-0.09 (theo). Additional measurements include the signal strength modifiers associated with different production mechanisms, and hypothesis tests between spin-0 and spin-2 models.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
3: Skin Lesion Images for Melanoma Classification (ISIC)
Creators: name: Mayer, Simone
name: Hartmann, Dennis
name: Auer, Florian
name: Krafft, Tamara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This model was trained on the training data set for the ISIC 2019 challenge. Training data already includes data from previous years (2018 and 2017). It consists of 25,331 dermoscopic images among nine different diagnostic categories: MelanomaMelanocytic nevusBasal cell carcinomaActinic keratosisBenign keratosis (solar lentigo / seborrheic keratosis / lichen planus-like keratosis)DermatofibromaVascular lesionSquamous cell carcinomaNone of the aboveThe model was trained using this script; a summary of its performance can be found here.
Enumeration of MOLS of small order
Creators: name: Egan, Judith
name: Wanless, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B15

description: We report the results of a computer investigation of sets of mutually orthogonal latin squares (MOLS) of small order. For $n\le9$ we 1. Determine the number of orthogonal mates for each species of latin square of order $n$. 2. Calculate the proportion of latin squares of order $n$ that have an orthogonal mate, and the expected number of mates when a square is chosen uniformly at random. 3. Classify all sets of MOLS of order $n$ up to various different notions of equivalence. We also provide a triple of latin squares of order 10 that is the closest to being a set of MOLS so far found.
description: v2 corrects some typos, including a couple of errors in tables