cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Triplet-extended scalar sector and the naturalness problem
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Indrani
name: Kundu, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the extension of the Standard Model by a complex scalar triplet field, which occurs naturally in several models of leptogenesis and see-saw mechanism for neutrino mass generation, in the context of ameliorating the fine-tuning problem of the fundamental scalars through the Veltman Condition, i.e. by demanding the sum of the quadratically divergent corrections to vanish (or be at a reasonable level) by virtue of some possible symmetry of the underlying theory. We show that it is possible to cancel all the scalar one-loop quadratic divergences and hence obtain a viable solution for the fine-tuning problem, while satisfying the electroweak precision observables, including the $ρ$ parameter, and successfully generating the neutrino masses. The stability of the scalar potential puts important constraints on the model.
description: v2: 11 pages, including 5 eps figures. A new section on scalar spectrum added. A typo corrected. Lots of references added. All results of the previous version unchanged. Version to be published in Phys. Rev. D
title: Development of Novel Class of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides Based on Small Molecule Screening
Creators: name: Alterman, Julia
name: Cao, Hong
name: Didiot, Marie
name: Nikan, Mehran
name: Hassler, Matthew
name: Khvorova, Anastasia
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Highly inefficient transit of oligonucleotides from outside cells to the intracellular compartments where functional activity of oligonucleotides takes place is the most serious limitation to the practical realization of a full potential of oligonucleotide-based therapies. Several classes of oligonucleotide therapeutics (ONT), including antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), hydrophobically modified siRNAs (hsiRNA), GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs, and LNP-formulated siRNAs have validated biological efficacy and are in clinic. In all cases, the fraction of oligonucleotides reaching the intended place of biological function is surprisingly low, with the majority of molecules being trapped in wrong cellular compartments, resulting in low efficiency and clinically limiting toxicity. We have recently completed a cell-based screen using the LOPAC library and identified a panel of small molecules that alter cellular localization and dramatically enhance the efficacy of hydrophobically modified siRNAs (hsiRNAs) developed previously [4] (Navaroli et al 2013). In the presence of top two hits (Guanabenz and Phenamil), we have observed a dose-dependent enhancement of oligonucleotide efficacy, with both a significant increase in cellular uptake and decrease in EC50 values. Use of small molecules as enhancers and modulators of oligonucleotide therapeutic efficacy is a new paradigm in formulation development with wide implications on compounds in clinic and future developments.
Magnetohydrostatic equilibrium. II. Three-dimensional multiple open magnetic flux tubes in the stratified solar atmosphere
Creators: name: Gent, Frederick A.
name: Fedun, Viktor
name: Erd'elyi, Rebertus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of multiple open magnetic flux tubes spanning the solar photosphere and lower corona is modelled analytically, within a realistic stratified atmosphere subject to solar gravity. This extends results for a single magnetic flux tube in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium, described in Gent et al. (MNRAS, 435, 689, 2013). Self-similar magnetic flux tubes are combined to form magnetic structures, which are consistent with high-resolution observations. The observational evidence supports the existence of strands of open flux tubes and loops persisting in a relatively steady state. Self-similar magnetic flux tubes, for which an analytic solution to the plasma density and pressure distribution is possible, are combined. We calculate the appropriate balancing forces, applying to the equations of momentum and energy conservation to preserve equilibrium. Multiplex flux tube configurations are observed to remain relatively stable for up to a day or more, and it is our aim to apply our model as the background condition for numerical studies of energy transport mechanisms from the solar surface to the corona. We apply magnetic field strength, plasma density, pressure and temperature distributions consistent with observational and theoretical estimates for the lower solar atmosphere. Although each flux tube is identical in construction apart from the location of the radial axis, combinations can be applied to generate a non-axisymmetric magnetic field with multiple non-uniform flux tubes. This is a considerable step forward in modelling the realistic magnetized three-dimensional equilibria of the solar atmosphere.
description: 15 pages, 8 Figures
Janet Vertesi, Seeing Like a Rover. How Robots, Teams and Images Craft Knowledge of Mars, University of Chicago Press, 2015
Creators: name: Mazzotti, Massimo
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
Philippe Sormani, Respecifying Lab Ethnography: An Ethnomethodological Study of Experimental Physics, Ashgate, 2014
Creators: name: Volonté, Paolo
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
title: Patient-focused Websites Related to Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: a DISCERN Quality Analysis
Creators: name: Duenas, Omar F.
name: O'Dell, Katherine K.
name: Patterson, Danielle
name: Kandadai, Padma
name: Saini, Jyot
name: Flynn, Michael K.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Objective: To evaluate the quality of information presented on English-language websites regarding treatment options for POP and SUI using a validated instrument. Methods: Utilizing the International Urogynecology Association list of continence societies worldwide, faculty nomination and a complementary Google search using the terms “professional organizations stress urinary incontinence / pelvic organ prolapse” English-language, patient-focused websites related to POP and SUI were identified. The websites were evaluated by faculty at an academic medical center, including 4 faculty members of the urogynecology division, 2 urogynecology fellows, 3 urologists, and 1 obstetrician gynecologist. The websites were independently evaluated using the validated DISCERN instrument assessing the reliability and quality of consumer health information.Results: From the IUGA continence societies worldwide list, 47 websites were identified. Five provided patient information in English. Eight additional websites were identified from the Google search or provider nomination. One website provided information only for POP (rectocele), 5 for SUI, and 7 for both. The lowest mean total score for any website was 38.7 and the highest mean total score was 61.5 across all the websites. There were no statistically significant differences in the website mean total scores (p value <0.40 for POP and 0.14 for SUI). For websites covering both topics, POP scores were generally higher than SUI scores, but not statistically significantly different (p value<3.75). The overall quality item scores were also not significantly different (SUI: p<0.923; POP: p <0.813). Missing information most commonly included lack of clear objectives, sources, and information related to the expected outcome of no intervention.Conclusions: Available English-language professional websites written to inform patients about management choices for SUI and POP miss key components of quality patient information.
Malcolm Nicolson and John E.E. Fleming, Imaging and Imagining the Fetus: The Development of Obstetric Ultrasound, John Hopkins University Press, 2013
Creators: name: Naim, Serena
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
Margaret Grebowicz and Helen Merrick, Beyond the Cyborg. Adventures with Donna Haraway, Columbia University Press, 2013
Creators: name: Selmi, Giulia
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
The rectangular maximum agreement problem
Creators: name: Kagawa, Ai
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: A NP-hard rectangular maximum agreement (RMA) problem finds a “box” that best discriminates between two weighted datasets.  We respectively describe a specialized parallel branch-and-bound method and a greedy heuristic to solve RMA exactly or approximately.  Our computational results show that a new parallel branch-and-bound method can solve larger RMA problems exactly in less time than a previously implemented parallel branch-and-bound procedure and Gurobi, a mixed integer programming (MIP) solver.   We describe two applications of RMA: LPBoost-based two-class classification and a rule-enhanced penalized regression.  The first classification application constructs a stronger classifier from a set of weighted voting classifiers by maximizing the margin between the two observation classes and penalizing classification errors.  The weighted voting classifiers are multidimensional ``box''-based rules.  The second regression application formulates a L1-penalized regression model using multidimensional “box”-based rules as additional explanatory variables. Due to exponentially large number of possible multidimensional rules, they are dynamically generated in both applications.  In contrast to prior approaches to solve these problems, we draw heavily onstandard (but non-polynomial-time) mathematical programming techniques, enhanced by parallel computing. Our rule-adding procedure is based on the classical column generation method for high-dimensional linear programming.  The pricing problem for our column generation procedure reduces to the RMA problem, and it is solved exactly or approximately.  This method resembles boosting in machine learning.  Furthermore, we propose a discretization method before solving RMA.  It reduces the level of difficulty for RMA while still maintaining prediction or classification accuracy in the applications.  The prediction accuracy of our models are tested by cross-validation.  The resulting classification and regression methods are computation-intensive, but our computational tests suggest that they outperform prior methods at making accurate and stable predictions.
title: Berücksichtigung des Klimawandels bei der Planung und Ertüchtigung wasserbaulicher Anlagen: landesspezifische Regelungen und Empfehlungen
Creators: name: Lücke, Leah
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2020

description: Der Klimawandel schreitet voran und die Auswirkungen auf unsere Umwelt zeigen sich immer deutlicher. Auch Fließgewässer unterliegen den Einflüssen des Klimawandels, durch Änderungen im Niederschlagsverhalten und der Temperatur. Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Wasserwirtschaft und die Fließgewässer im Besonderen aufzuzeigen sowie die Anpassungsstrategien der Bundesländer herauszuarbeiten. Dazu wird die folgende zentrale Fragestellung bearbeitet: Welche wasserbaulichen Maßnahmen für die Anpassung an den Klimawandel werden auf Länderebene berücksichtigt? Um die Forschungsfrage beantworten zu können, wurde Literatur - einschließlich Modellberechnungen, Klimaberichten und rechtliche Regelungen - gesichtet und daraus die wesentlichen Aussagen und Ergebnisse zusammengetragen. Der Vergleich zwischen den Ländern zeigt große Unterschiede in den Maßnahmenprogrammen. Baden-Württemberg, Bayern und Rheinland-Pfalz zeigen derzeit mitunter die umfassendsten Anpassungsstrategien auf. Dies könnte ursächlich an dem bestehenden Kooperationsverhältnis (KLIWA) zwischen diesen Ländern liegen. Durch diese Zusammenarbeit wird viel Wissen generiert und gezielte Anpassungen abgeleitet und vorgeschlagen. Der Konsens ist, dass der Anpassungswille steigt je größer die Informationsmenge und -sicherheit ist. Aus diesem Grund ist es empfehlenswert, dass mehr Länder innerhalb Deutschlands Kooperationsgemeinschaften wie KLIWA gründen.
Raymond Corbey and Annete Lanjouw (eds.), The Politics of Species. Reshaping our Relationships with Other Animals, Cambridge University Press, 2014
Creators: name: Møller Gabrielsen, Ane
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
title: Activin Limits Progenitor Capability by Promoting Epithelial Cell Differentiation in the Mammary Gland
Creators: name: Dunphy, Karen A.
name: Chandrasekaran, Thiruppavai
name: Bhatt, Niraj
name: Chen, Michelle
name: Roberts, Amy L.
name: Hagen, Mary
name: Jerry, D. Joseph
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and activin utilize common signaling pathways, via smad2/3 and smad4, to mediate tumor suppression by effecting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Differences in temporal expression patterns suggest that each cytokine has specific roles in mammary gland development. Activin is expressed during pregnancy and lactation and is required for branching and lactogenesis, implying a role in mammary gland maturation. In contrast, TGF-beta is expressed during involution during mammary gland regression and functions to re-organize the mammary epithelial content to the non-lactating state. Previously, we found that TGF-beta and activin do share common signaling pathways allowing both cytokines to restrict the growth of mammary epithelial cells. However, extended exposure to TGF-beta (5ng/ml; 14 days) causes epithelial to mesencymal transition (EMT). The TGF-beta-treated cells were de-differentiated with loss of both luminal and basal markers. Activin treatment (50ng/ml; 14 days) did not activate EMT. Rather, activin promotes luminal epithelial differentiation with increased expression of prolactin receptor and luminal keratins. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that activin-treatment promotes luminal differentiation and decreases the proportion of progenitor cells in the epithelial population, we compared mammosphere forming capability in vitro and performed limiting dilution experiments in vivo by transplanting 50,000 or 500,000 pre-treated cells into cleared mouse mammary fat pads. The mammosphere assay showed that secondary mammospheres were significantly decreased in the activin-treated cells compared to both the control and TGF-beta treated cells. Tumor incidence between activin-treated and control cells were similar for transplants of 50,000 cells, but tumor incidence was significantly greater in TGF-beta-treated transplants. However, the activin-treated cells had poor outgrowth potential at both 50,000 and 500,000 cells relative to control. We conclude that activin may have the potential to reduce the stem cell population by promoting epithelial cell differentiation.
title: Do Younger TKR and THR Patients Have Similar Disability at Time of Surgery as Older Adults? Lessons from FORCE-TJR
Creators: name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Li, Wenjun
name: Lewis, Courland
name: Allison, Jeroan J.
name: Ayers, David C.
name: Franklin, Patricia D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: The number of US patients under 65 year old who are undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) has been rising, raising concerns that younger patients may receive surgery prematurely. Therefore, we examined demographics and clinical factors and compared the severity of operative knee pain and functional status in younger versus older TKR patients from a US national sample. Materials & methods: The FORCE-TJR registry gathers data from patients, surgeons and hospitals on sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race), BMI, comorbid conditions using the modified Charlson comorbidity scores, burden of musculoskeletal disease using the Knee/Hip injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS/HOOS) in both knees and hips, emotional health based on the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Mental Component Score (MCS) and physical function based on the Physical Component Score (SF-36 PCS). Results: We analysed data from 2035 younger (<65) and 3084 older (≥65) TKR patients and 1780 younger and 1831 older THR patients. Younger TKR and THR patients were more likely nonwhite (TKR: 13.1% vs. 6.6%; THR: 51.7% vs. 48.3%),), with greater body mass index (mean BMI TKR: 33.1 vs. 30.5; THR: 29.9 vs. 28.4), smokers, had fewer number of comorbid conditions. Younger TKR patients reported lower emotional health (MCS 49.1 vs. 52.6), greater joint pain, stiffness and functional impairment (based on estimated WOMAC) and global functional impairment (using PCS). Younger THR patients reported greater joint pain, stiffness and functional impairment (estimated WOMAC) but not global function. Conclusion: At the time of TKR and THR, younger patients have fewer medical illnesses, but higher rates of obesity and smoking as well as lower mental health scores. Younger have the same or greater joint specific and global functional impairment compared to older patients, suggesting surgeons use comparable standards for selecting TKR and THR candidates in younger and older adults.
Demonstration of suppressed phonon tunneling losses in phononic bandgap shielded membrane resonators for high-Q optomechanics
Creators: name: Tsaturyan, Yeghishe
name: Barg, Andreas
name: Simonsen, Anders
name: Villanueva, Luis Guillermo
name: Schmid, Silvan
name: Schliesser, Albert
name: Polzik, Eugene S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectric membranes with exceptional mechanical and optical properties present one of the most promising platforms in quantum opto-mechanics. The performance of stressed silicon nitride nanomembranes as mechanical resonators notoriously depends on how their frame is clamped to the sample mount, which in practice usually necessitates delicate, and difficult-to-reproduce mounting solutions. Here, we demonstrate that a phononic bandgap shield integrated in the membrane's silicon frame eliminates this dependence, by suppressing dissipation through phonon tunneling. We dry-etch the membrane's frame so that it assumes the form of a $\mathrm{cm}$-sized bridge featuring a 1-dimensional periodic pattern, whose phononic density of states is tailored to exhibit one, or several, full band gaps around the membrane's high-$Q$ modes in the MHz-range. We quantify the effectiveness of this phononic bandgap shield by optical interferometry measuring both the suppressed transmission of vibrations, as well as the influence of frame clamping conditions on the membrane modes. We find suppressions up to $40~\mathrm{dB}$ and, for three different realized phononic structures, consistently observe significant suppression of the dependence of the membrane's modes on sample clamping - if the mode's frequency lies in the bandgap. As a result, we achieve membrane mode quality factors of $5\times 10^{6}$ with samples that are tightly bolted to the $8~\mathrm{K}$-cold finger of a cryostat. $Q\times f$-products of $6\times 10^{12}~\mathrm{Hz}$ at $300~\mathrm{K}$ and $14\times 10^{12}~\mathrm{Hz}$ at $8~\mathrm{K}$ are observed, satisfying one of the main requirements for optical cooling of mechanical vibrations to their quantum ground-state.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
title: The Validity of Patient-Reported Short-Term Complications following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Creators: name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Pascal, Scott
name: Ayers, David C.
name: Lewis, Courtland
name: O'Keefe, Regis
name: Franklin, Patricia D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: Given the lack of national data on outcomes of on patients who undergo total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and the limitations of hospital databases to capture information on patients who seek post-TJA care elsewhere, there is growing interest in using patient self-report to identify possible complications following surgery. We examined the concordance between patients self-report of potential short-term complications with review of available medical records as well as the location of the reported post-operative care.

Material & Methods: Patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty from 7/1/11 through 12/3/12 participating in a tertiary care center were identified. Patients completed a 6-month post-operative survey regarding needing evaluation at an emergency department, day surgery or hospitalization for possible medical or mechanical complications and the location of care. We reviewed available inpatient and outpatient medical records to identify the location of postoperative care as well as the validity of patient self-report (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values).

Results: There were 413 patients who had 431 surgeries and completed the 6-month questionnaire. Patients reported 40 medical encounters including emergency department, day surgery or inpatient care resulting in a 9% reported complication rate, of which 20% occurred at outside hospitals Overall patient self-report of emergency department, day surgery and inpatient care for possible complications was both sensitive (82%) and specific (100%). The positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value 98%.

Conclusion: Given the prevalence of events requiring care at outlying hospitals and the accuracy of self-report, methods that directly engage patients can augment current surveillance procedures.
On the predictability in reversible steganography
Creators: name: Chang, Ching-Chun
name: Wang, Xu
name: Chen, Sisheng
name: Kiya, Hitoshi
name: Echizen, Isao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Artificial neural networks have advanced the frontiers of reversible steganography. The core strength of neural networks is the ability to render accurate predictions for a bewildering variety of data. Residual modulation is recognised as the most advanced reversible steganographic algorithm for digital images. The pivot of this algorithm is predictive analytics in which pixel intensities are predicted given some pixel-wise contextual information. This task can be perceived as a low-level vision problem and hence neural networks for addressing a similar class of problems can be deployed. On top of the prior art, this paper investigates predictability of pixel intensities based on supervised and unsupervised learning frameworks. Predictability analysis enables adaptive data embedding, which in turn leads to a better trade-off between capacity and imperceptibility. While conventional methods estimate predictability by the statistics of local image patterns, learning-based frameworks consider further the degree to which correct predictions can be made by a designated predictor. Not only should the image patterns be taken into account but also the predictor in use. Experimental results show that steganographic performance can be significantly improved by incorporating the learning-based predictability analysers into a reversible steganographic system.
Spin-Orbit angle distribution and the origin of (mis)aligned hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Crida, Aurélien
name: Batygin, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For 61 transiting hot Jupiters, the projection of the angle between the orbital plane and the stellar equator (called the spin-orbit angle) has been measured. For about half of them, a significant misalignment is detected, and retrograde planets have been observed. This challenges scenarios of the formation of hot Jupiters. In order to better constrain formation models, we relate the distribution of the real spin-orbit angle $Ψ$ to the projected one $β$. Then, a comparison with the observations is relevant. We analyse the geometry of the problem to link analytically the projected angle $β$ to the real spin-orbit angle $Ψ$. The distribution of $Ψ$ expected in various models is taken from the literature, or derived with a simplified model and Monte-Carlo simulations in the case of the disk-torquing mechanism. An easy formula to compute the probability density function (PDF) of $β$ knowing the PDF of $Ψ$ is provided. All models tested here look compatible with the observed distribution beyond 40 degrees, which is so far poorly constrained by only 18 observations. But only the disk-torquing mechanism can account for the excess of aligned hot Jupiters, provided that the torquing is not always efficient. This is the case if the exciting binaries have semi-major axes as large as 10000 AU. Based on comparison with the set of observations available today, scattering models and the Kozai cycle with tidal friction models can not be solely responsible for the production of all hot Jupiters. Conversely, the presently observed distribution of the spin-orbit angles is compatible with most hot Jupiters having been transported by smooth migration inside a proto-planetary disk, itself possibly torqued by a companion.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. In press in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Changes with respect to the first arXiv version: section 2.4 (including fig. 4) has been modified after a mistake was found by Scott Tremaine ; thanks. This second, correct version is the one that will be eventually printed by A&A
Selective growth of targeted bacteria using enzymatically synthesized oligosaccharides
Creators: name: Namratha Subhash
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Designer oligosaccharides can be used as prebiotics for selective bacterial growth and are therefore relevant to understanding how complex biological systems function in a nutrient-limited environment. Enzymatic synthesis offers an alternative route to producing designer oligosaccharides with higher reaction specificity, product purity, and lower production costs compared to standard chemical synthesis routes. Here, we focus on glycosyl hydrolase (GH) enzymes from GH family 29 that were reverse engineered to function as glycosynthase enzymes for synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharides. First, we used two distinct model fucosylated oligosaccharides as a nutrient carbon source to highlight how targeted growth of bacteria is feasible for bacterial species expressing the wild-type GH 29 enzymes over bacterial species not expressing the relevant gene of interest. This proof-of-concept experiment helped clearly establish how designer oligosaccharides could be used to modulate the growth of specific bacteria from a complex microbial milieu. Next, detailed bioinformatics analyses and mechanistic assays of two GH family 29 enzymes were carried out to study the impact of certain active-site nucleophilic site mutations on glycosynthase activity using model substrates. Here, we specifically focused on GH29 enzymes with known distinct substrate preferences belonging to Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis or Blon_2336 (ACJ53394.1) and Thermotoga maritima or Tm_0306 (AAD35394.1). Additional molecular docking simulations were carried out to provide a clear rationale for why certain GH29 family of enzymes are able to selectively hydrolyze certain isomers of fucosyllactose to facilitate selective bacterial growth. Lastly, molecular docking simulations were conducted to identify other novel mutation sites to the native GH29 enzyme that would be necessary to improve fucosylated oligosaccharide synthesis efficiency using engineered glycosynthases. In summary, this study provides a clear rationale for how distinct carbohydrate-based oligosaccharides, can be synthesized chemoenzymatically using a rationale structure-guided GH enzyme engineering approach, and how these distinct carbon sources can be used to selectively target growth of certain bacterial species carrying the relevant GH genes of interest.
title: A Context-Aware Activity Recommendation Smartphone Application to Mitigate Sedentary Lifestyles
Creators: name: He, Qian
name: Agu, Emmanuel O.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: A sedentary lifestyle involves irregular or no physical activity. In this kind of lifestyle, people’s activities do not increase their energy expenditure substantially above resting levels. Long periods of sitting, lying, watching television, playing video games, and using the computer are typical examples. Energy expenditures at 1.0-1.5 Metabolic Equivalent Units (METs) are considered sedentary behaviors. A recent study of sedentary lifestyles found that the length of sedentary times is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. In this study, we developed a smartphone application called “On11”, which continuously tracks and informs the user about how much time they have spent performing various activities such as sitting, walking and running throughout their day. In contrast with traditional pedometers which passively counts steps and estimates burnt calories, On11 runs in the background of users’ smartphones and monitors the intensity, duration and types of physical activity performed 24/7. It detects sedentary patterns and promotes walking by recommending personalized detours off the users’ usual routes, e.g. home to workplace to encourage more activity. Both Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activities (MVPA) such as jogging and Light Physical Activities (LPA) such as sitting are recorded for identifying activity patterns. Our ultimate goal is to help people change unhealthy sedentary behaviors.
Strong-field chiral imaging with twisted photoelectrons
Creators: name: Planas, Xavier Barcons
name: Ordóñez, Andrés
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Maxwell, Andrew Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast imaging of molecular chirality is a key step towards the dream of imaging and interpreting electronic dynamics in complex and biologically relevant molecules. Here, we propose a new ultrafast chiral phenomenon exploiting recent advances in electron optics allowing access to the orbital angular momentum of free electrons. We show that strong-field ionization of a chiral target with a few-cycle linearly polarized 800 nm laser pulse yields photoelectron vortices, whose chirality reveals that of the target, and we discuss the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Our work opens new perspectives in recollision-based chiral imaging.
description: 4 pages main text, 2 figures, 8 equations
Tarleton Gillespie, Pablo J. Boczkowski and Kirsten A. Foot (eds.), Media Technologies. Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society, The MIT Press, 2014
Creators: name: Pellegrino, Giuseppina
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
title: Using Next-Gen Sequencing to Estimate Strain Diversity and Frequency within Infections
Creators: name: Hathaway, Nicholas J.
name: Bailey, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Targeted deep sequencing has rapidly transformed our ability to investigate environmental and infectious microbial diversity. Our lab is focused on applying deep sequencing to diversity in malaria infections. A key challenge in all deep sequencing work is determining true sequence differences from errors. While several amplicon deep sequencing clustering tools exist these tools can be CPU intensive and/or lack the sensitivity to detect down to a single base pair difference between sequences, which is a necessity for examining intrapopulation differences in malaria. We have therefore created a novel clustering and statistical framework to overcome these limitations. Our clustering algorithm provides a rapid initial clusters using a step-wise heuristic process collapsing low base quality differences. These initial clusters are then subject to statistical simulations again incorporating quality to assign p-values and refine the clusters. Here, we used several control data sets of known mixtures of 16s sequence from bacterial, Plasmodium sequence, and Hepatitis-C sequence to benchmark our pipeline against other tools demonstrating equal or improved sensitivity and specificity while providing improved speed often by several orders of magnitude. Our method also offers additional benefits such as comparing PCR replicates thereby further reducing error, removing chimeras, and clustering parasites across individual patients for population-based analyses. Additionally, our methods are concrete allowing the user to target a given number of differences between clusters allowing biologic questions to be better framed. Thus, given our accuracy, speed and flexibility, our new program, SeekDeep, should be broadly applicable to deep sequencing applications from microbiomes to HIV diversity.
Signature of a doubly charm tetraquark pole in $DD^*$ scattering on the lattice
Creators: name: Padmanath, M.
name: Prelovsek, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The doubly charm tetraquark with flavor $cc\bar u\bar d$ and isospin $I\!=\!0$ is investigated by calculating the $DD^*$ scattering amplitude with lattice QCD. The simulation is done on CLS ensembles with dynamical $u/d,s$ quarks and $m_π\simeq 280~$MeV for two charm quark masses, one slightly larger and one slightly lower than the physical value. The scattering amplitudes for partial waves $l=0,1$ are extracted near-threshold via the Lüscher's method by considering systems with total momenta $PL/(2π)=0,1,\sqrt{2},2$ on two spatial volumes. A virtual bound state pole in the $DD^*$ scattering amplitude with $l=0$ is found $9.9_{-7.1}^{+3.6}~$MeV below $DD^*$ threshold for the charm quark mass closer to the physical value. This pole is likely related to the doubly charm tetraquark discovered by LHCb less than $1~$MeV below $D^0D^{*+}$ threshold. Future lattice simulations closer to the continuum limit and physical quark masses would be valuable to establish this connection systematically.
description: version to appear in Phys.Rev.Lett. 6(+6) pages; 4(+6) figures; 2(+1) tables; Modified and extended discussions, supplemental material and video file. Results and conclusions unchanged
A Tale of Two Paradigms: the Mutual Incommensurability of LCDM and MOND
Creators: name: McGaugh, Stacy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concordance model of cosmology, LCDM, provides a satisfactory description of the evolution of the universe and the growth of large scale structure. Despite considerable effort, this model does not at present provide a satisfactory description of small scale structure and the dynamics of bound objects like individual galaxies. In contrast, MOND provides a unique and predictively successful description of galaxy dynamics, but is mute on the subject of cosmology. Here I briefly review these contradictory world views, emphasizing the wealth of distinct, interlocking lines of evidence that went into the development of LCDM while highlighting the practical impossibility that it can provide a satisfactory explanation of the observed MOND phenomenology in galaxy dynamics. I also briefly review the baryon budget in groups and clusters of galaxies where neither paradigm provides an entirely satisfactory description of the data. Relatively little effort has been devoted to the formation of structure in MOND; I review some of what has been done. The amplitude ratio of the first to second peak in the CMB power spectrum was correctly predicted a priori, but the third peak is more natural to LCDM. MOND anticipates that structure forms more quickly than in LCDM. This motivated the prediction that reionization would happen earlier in MOND than originally expected in LCDM, as subsequently observed. This also provides a natural explanation for massive, early clusters of galaxies and large, empty voids. However, it is far from obvious that the mass spectrum of galaxy clusters or the power spectrum of galaxies can be explained in MOND, two things that LCDM does well. Critical outstanding issues are the development of an acceptable relativistic parent theory for MOND, and the reality of the non-baryonic dark matter of LCDM. Do suitable dark matter particles exist, or are they a modern aether?
description: Improved figure resolution; otherwise identical
Journalism and the Circulation of Communicative Objects
Creators: name: Bødker, Henrik
name: Raetzsch, Christoph
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Digital infrastructures are increasingly altering the ways in which journalistic content acquires social value. Our key argument here is that processes of digital circulation are merging with the construction of social meaning in new kinds of news flows. Based on recent work in journalism studies, this paper outlines a theoretical perspective on circulation through the concept of “communicative object”. Through this concept we account for the dual technological and cultural constitution of circulation and the processes of meaning-making that it sustains. We argue that the duality of the communicative object as both a digital and an epistemic object allows for a productive conceptualization of journalistic communication as well as for a methodological innovation in journalism studies.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
MAMDR: A Model Agnostic Learning Method for Multi-Domain Recommendation
Creators: name: Luo, Linhao
name: Li, Yumeng
name: Gao, Buyu
name: Tang, Shuai
name: Wang, Sinan
name: Li, Jiancheng
name: Zhu, Tanchao
name: Liu, Jiancai
name: Li, Zhao
name: Pan, Shirui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale e-commercial platforms in the real-world usually contain various recommendation scenarios (domains) to meet demands of diverse customer groups. Multi-Domain Recommendation (MDR), which aims to jointly improve recommendations on all domains and easily scales to thousands of domains, has attracted increasing attention from practitioners and researchers. Existing MDR methods usually employ a shared structure and several specific components to respectively leverage reusable features and domain-specific information. However, data distribution differs across domains, making it challenging to develop a general model that can be applied to all circumstances. Additionally, during training, shared parameters often suffer from the domain conflict while specific parameters are inclined to overfitting on data sparsity domains. we first present a scalable MDR platform served in Taobao that enables to provide services for thousands of domains without specialists involved. To address the problems of MDR methods, we propose a novel model agnostic learning framework, namely MAMDR, for the multi-domain recommendation. Specifically, we first propose a Domain Negotiation (DN) strategy to alleviate the conflict between domains. Then, we develop a Domain Regularization (DR) to improve the generalizability of specific parameters by learning from other domains. We integrate these components into a unified framework and present MAMDR, which can be applied to any model structure to perform multi-domain recommendation. Finally, we present a large-scale implementation of MAMDR in the Taobao application and construct various public MDR benchmark datasets which can be used for following studies. Extensive experiments on both benchmark datasets and industry datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of MAMDR.
description: This paper has been accepted by ICDE 2023
STS and Media Studies. Alternative Paths in Different Countries
Creators: name: Mattozzi, Alvise
name: Badouard, Romain
name: Mabi, Clément
name: Schubert, Cornelius
name: Sire, Guillaume
name: Sørensen, Estrid
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: This section presents three perspectives on the trajectories of interaction between science & technology studies and media studies in three different national contexts: Germany, France and Italy. Each of the contributions focuses on a specific country and adopts a distinctive standpoint to unfold how STS and media studies have interacted or have maintained boundaries and differences. The first contribution about Germany moves from the outcomes of two workshops on these topics and highlights how STS and media studies seem to tap into each other in a highly selective manner, filling some of their conceptual and empirical gaps, but not engaging in an actual mutual discussion. The second text assumes as fulcrum the concepts of “mediation” and “dispositif” in order to argue that, in France, these ideas has played the role of “boundary objects”, enabling a dialogue between the two different fields. Finally, the third and last input to this section reconstructs some of the trajectories that led specific groups or individuals working in communication studies and semiotics in Italy to connect with the STS framework, arguing that the concept of “mediation” emerges as a productive common ground for both communication and STS scholars.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
title: Characterizing the Performance and Behaviors of Runners Using Twitter
Creators: name: He, Qian
name: Agu, Emmanuel O.
name: Strong, Diane M.
name: Tulu, Bengisu
name: Pedersen, Peder C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Running is a popular physical activity that improves physical and mental wellbeing. Unfortunately, up-to- date information about runners’ performance and psychological wellbeing is limited. Many questions remain unanswered, such as how far and how fast runners typically run, their preferred running times and frequencies, how long new runners persist before dropping out, and what factors cause runners to quit. Without hard data, establishing patterns of runner behavior and mitigating the challenges they face are difficult. Collecting data manually from large numbers of runners for research studies is costly and time consuming. Emerging Social Networking Services (SNS) and fitness tracking devices make tracking and sharing personal physical activity information easier than before. By monitoring the tweets of a runner group on Twitter (SNS) over a 3-month period, we collected 929,825 messages (tweets), in which runners used Nike+ fitness trackers while running. We found that (1) fitness trackers were most popular in North America (2) one third of runners dropped out after one run (3) Over 95% of runners ran for at least 10 minutes per session (4) less than 2% of runners consistently ran for at least 150 minutes a week, which is the level of physical activity recommended by the CDC (5) 5K was the most popular distance.
A Different Kind of Story. Tracing the Histories and Cultural Marks of Pirate Copied Film
Creators: name: Eriksson, Maria
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Pirate copied objects are fiery artifacts that have caused much anxiety and debate. This article explores the cultural biographies of one particular type of such objects; digital pirate copied films. More specifically, it traces two neglected aspects of such object’s life histories: their entanglement in systems of standardization and quality control, and the ways in which new types of aesthetics and narratives are inscribed (or added to) pirated audiovisual content. Paying close attention to the layered and multifaceted dimensions of digital pirate copied film, the paper approaches the act of pirate copying as a form of transfiguration, and suggests that pirated objects are much more than plain replications. By housing a multiplicity of material identities and by carrying (and being surrounded by) alternative narratives of production, the article argues that these objects intervene, disorient, and disrupt the power dynamics of cinematic circulation and ultimately serve to queer commodity spheres.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Tecnoscienza Nr. 13
Phirotopes, Super p-branes and Qubit Theory
Creators: name: Nieto, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phirotope is a complex generalization of the concept of chirotope in oriented matroid theory. Our main goal in this work is to establish a link between phirotopes, super p-branes and qubit theory. For this purpose we first discuss maximally supersymmetric solutions of 11-dimensional supergravity from the point of view of the oriented matroid theory. We also clarify a possible connection between oriented matroid theory and supersymmetry via the Grassmann-Plücker relations. These links are in turn useful for explaining how our approach can be connected with qubit theory.
description: Latex, 32 pages, improved version