cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Persistent Quantum Beats and Long-Distance Entanglement from Waveguide-Mediated Interactions
Creators: name: Zheng, Huaixiu
name: Baranger, Harold U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study photon-photon correlations and entanglement generation in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to two qubits with an arbitrary spatial separation. We develop a novel Green function method to study vacuum-mediated qubit-qubit interactions, including both spontaneous and coherent couplings. As a result of these interactions, quantum beats appear in the second-order correlation function. We go beyond the Markovian regime and observe that such quantum beats persist much longer than the qubit life time. Using these non-Markovian processes, a high degree of long-distance entanglement can be generated, making waveguide-QED systems promising candidates for scalable quantum networking.
description: 5 pages main text + 5 pages supplementary material; substantial rewriting of the discussion about effective qubit lifetime, loss effects, and experimental relevance
Marie de Kerstrat
Creators: name: Lacasse, Germain
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Very few women were involved in the early itinerant cinema business and Marie de Kerstrat was certainly one of the most singular figures in the field, having dropped from the social standing of a French countess to become the manager of a traveling show in eastern Canada and the United States. Her profile opens interesting questions to historians of cinema, as well as historians of the women’s life; for the Montreal based historian Chantal Savoie, women of this era had to constantly negotiate and compromise as a means of acceptance within the field they wanted to develop (2003, 196). Marie de Kerstrat was a good example of this situation, as well as another early Montreal woman film pioneer Emma Gendron.
Stochastic oscillations in models of epidemics on a network of cities
Creators: name: Rozhnova, G.
name: Nunes, A.
name: McKane, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We carry out an analytic investigation of stochastic oscillations in a susceptible-infected-recovered model of disease spread on a network of $n$ cities. In the model a fraction $f_{jk}$ of individuals from city $k$ commute to city $j$, where they may infect, or be infected by, others. Starting from a continuous time Markov description of the model the deterministic equations, which are valid in the limit when the population of each city is infinite, are recovered. The stochastic fluctuations about the fixed point of these equations are derived by use of the van Kampen system-size expansion. The fixed point structure of the deterministic equations is remarkably simple: a unique non-trivial fixed point always exists and has the feature that the fraction of susceptible, infected and recovered individuals is the same for each city irrespective of its size. We find that the stochastic fluctuations have an analogously simple dynamics: all oscillations have a single frequency, equal to that found in the one city case. We interpret this phenomenon in terms of the properties of the spectrum of the matrix of the linear approximation of the deterministic equations at the fixed point.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Mona Donaldson
Creators: name: Bertrand, Ina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: In February 1915, at the tender age of fourteen, Mona Donaldson started to work for Australasian Films in Sydney as a film examiner. Two years later she moved to Paramount Pictures, first as a film examiner, then as a booking clerk. In 1921 she left that position to look after her ailing mother, but she had enjoyed the work, and when her sister was able to take on the caregiver role, she looked around for further work in the film industry. Because she had experience, she was able to obtain a position as a film cutter in what was then the largest film production enterprise in Sydney—Australasian Films. Already, she was building a reputation, both for competence and for independent spirit. When she found that her new employers were considering her job as temporary, she reminded them that the original advertisement had not stated that. When they suggested that her salary should be the same as it had been at Paramount, she insisted that it was a more responsible position and she deserved a higher salary. She won on both counts (Wright 47; Donaldson).
Maximally localized Wannier functions in LaMnO3 within PBE+U, hybrid functionals, and partially self-consistent GW: an efficient route to construct ab-initio tight-binding parameters for e_g perovskites
Creators: name: Franchini, C.
name: Kovacik, R.
name: Marsman, M.
name: Murthy, S. Sathyanarayana
name: He, J.
name: Ederer, C.
name: Kresse, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the newly developed VASP2WANNIER90 interface we have constructed maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) for the e_g states of the prototypical Jahn-Teller magnetic perovskite LaMnO3 at different levels of approximation for the exchange-correlation kernel. These include conventional density functional theory (DFT) with and without additional on-site Hubbard U term, hybrid-DFT, and partially self-consistent GW. By suitably mapping the MLWFs onto an effective e_g tight-binding (TB) Hamiltonian we have computed a complete set of TB parameters which should serve as guidance for more elaborate treatments of correlation effects in effective Hamiltonian-based approaches. The method-dependent changes of the calculated TB parameters and their interplay with the electron-electron (el-el) interaction term are discussed and interpreted. We discuss two alternative model parameterizations: one in which the effects of the el-el interaction are implicitly incorporated in the otherwise "noninteracting" TB parameters, and a second where we include an explicit mean-field el-el interaction term in the TB Hamiltonian. Both models yield a set of tabulated TB parameters which provide the band dispersion in excellent agreement with the underlying ab initio and MLWF bands.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
Nonadiabatic creation of macroscopic superpositions with strongly correlated 1D bosons on a ring trap
Creators: name: Schenke, C.
name: Minguzzi, A.
name: Hekking, F. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a strongly interacting quasi-one dimensional Bose gas on a tight ring trap subjected to a localized barrier potential. We explore the possibility to form a macroscopic superposition of a rotating and a nonrotating state under nonequilibrium conditions, achieved by a sudden quench of the barrier velocity. Using an exact solution for the dynamical evolution in the impenetrable-boson (Tonks-Girardeau) limit, we find an expression for the many-body wavefunction corresponding to a superposition state. The superposition is formed when the barrier velocity is tuned close to multiples of integer or half-integer number of Coriolis flux quanta. As a consequence of the strong interactions, we find that (i) the state of the system can be mapped onto a macroscopic superposition of two Fermi spheres, rather than two macroscopically occupied single-particle states as in a weakly interacting gas, and (ii) the barrier velocity should be larger than the sound velocity to better discriminate the two components of the superposition.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, revised introduction and new Fig3, final version to appear in PRA
Icebergs in the Clouds: the Other Risks of Cloud Computing
Creators: name: Ford, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cloud computing is appealing from management and efficiency perspectives, but brings risks both known and unknown. Well-known and hotly-debated information security risks, due to software vulnerabilities, insider attacks, and side-channels for example, may be only the "tip of the iceberg." As diverse, independently developed cloud services share ever more fluidly and aggressively multiplexed hardware resource pools, unpredictable interactions between load-balancing and other reactive mechanisms could lead to dynamic instabilities or "meltdowns." Non-transparent layering structures, where alternative cloud services may appear independent but share deep, hidden resource dependencies, may create unexpected and potentially catastrophic failure correlations, reminiscent of financial industry crashes. Finally, cloud computing exacerbates already-difficult digital preservation challenges, because only the provider of a cloud-based application or service can archive a "live," functional copy of a cloud artifact and its data for long-term cultural preservation. This paper explores these largely unrecognized risks, making the case that we should study them before our socioeconomic fabric becomes inextricably dependent on a convenient but potentially unstable computing model.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Thermal and Photochemical Generation of Electronically Excited Organic Molecules: Tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetane and Naphthvalene
Creators: name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Lechtken, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: In this paper some examples of reactions which yield electronically excited products are presented. In particular, the 1,2-dioxetanes are discussed. These molecules cleave cleanly into two carbonyl fragments when heated or irradiated. It will be shown that these simple, high energy, four atom arrays can efficiently generate electronically excited carbonyl fragments when they decompose. Surprisingly, tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetane (V) yields acetone triplet selectively upon thermolysis or photolysis. A study of the kinetics of thermal decomposition of V as a function of solvent, and the mechanistic implications of these observations will be discussed. Based on summation of available evidence, we propose that the thermolyses of 1,2-dioxetanes require specific vibrational motions which enhance spin—orbit coupling as the molecule fragments, and allow efficient decomposition into triplet states. In the photochemistry of V an exceptional 'anti-Stokes' sensitization is demonstrated, which suggests the possibility of efficient execution of 'blue light' photochemistry with 'red light', and a 'quantum chain' reaction. It is demonstrated that, at 77°K, naphthvalene undergoes efficient photochemical conversion to naphthalene triplets. Finally, the relationship of radiationless electronic relaxation and primary photochemical processes is discussed in the framework of our results.
Zwei Preiszonen für Deutschland - Eine modellbasierte Analyse der langfristigen Auswirkungen
Creators: name: Hladik, Dirk
name: Fraunholz, Christoph
name: Kunze, Robert
Publisher: name: VDI Verlag
Year: 2017

description: In diesem Beitrag werden die Effekte einer Teilung des bislang einheitlichen deutschen Strommarktes in eine nördliche und eine südliche Preiszone untersucht. Im Fokus stehen die Auswirkungen auf die langfristige Entwicklung der Strompreise und der Versorgungssicherheit. Die Analyse stützt sich auf den kombinierten Einsatz eines agentenbasierten Marktsimulationsmodells und eines optimierenden Lastflussmodells. Als Folge der Marktteilung ergeben sich zunächst signifikant höhere Spotmarktpreise in der süddeutschen Zone. Dies führt zur Vermeidung von ökonomischen Stilllegungen und mehr Kraftwerksneubauten im Süden. Ab 2025 konvergieren die Preise in beiden Zonen im Vergleich zum Ein-Zonen-Fall auf einem leicht höheren Niveau. Dennoch fallen die Systemkosten im Jahr 2025 aufgrund niedrigerer Redispatchkosten insgesamt geringer aus, steigen jedoch 2035 leicht an. Der verwendete Indikator für die Versorgungssicherheit erhöht sich für die süddeutsche Zone deutlich, während in der norddeutschen Preiszone Überkapazitäten abgebaut werden.
Shared instruction-set extensions for soft multiprocessor systems implemented on field-programmable gate arrays
Creators: name: Johnston, Erin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Soft-core embedded systems implemented on FPGAs offer a high level of flexibility. Application specific customizations can be added in the form of extensions to the processor’s regular instruction-set. These custom instructions benefit run-time performance, but come at the cost of increased resource usage. Reducing the overall FPGA area required to implement a system will decrease static power consumption and allow a smaller, cheaper device to be used. There is a constant effort to reduce area and power consumption while maintaining performance benefits attained through customizations. This thesis presents a new architecture to share custom instruction units among multiple processors in a system. This implementation allows run-time performance benefits to be maintained while decreasing the overall resource usage. The shared architecture is implemented using an arbitrator to determine processor access to each custom instruction in a set. Custom instruction inputs and outputs are controlled using additional multiplexors and selection hardware. Results for a sample system using fine-grained custom instructions show that sharing can reduce the implementation area by up to 24% with minimal impact to the critical path delay. This reduction remains high at 19% for a coarse-grained case study of an encryption algorithm called SHA. The custom instruction configuration depends on the application being performed. A benchmark generator and simulator are also developed to evaluate candidates for custom instruction implementation and efficiently explore the design space. The overall run-time performance of the candidate systems can also be evaluated using these tools. The simulator can also be used with an input trace to determine cycle accurate run-time performance for a real application, without requiring the entire system to be designed and implemented in hardware. The simulator shows up to 53% run-time improvement for a shared fine-grained system over a system with no custom instructions. Hardware run-time results for the coarsegrained case study improve run-time up to 13.5% over a system with no custom instructions.
Nonlinear Evolution of Global Hydrodynamic Shallow-Water Instability in Solar Tachocline
Creators: name: Dikpati, Mausumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fully nonlinear hydrodynamic 'shallow water' model of the solar tachocline. The model consists of a global spherical shell of differentially rotating fluid, which has a deformable top, thus allowing motions in radial directions along with latitude and longitude directions. When the system is perturbed, in the course of its nonlinear evolution it can generate unstable low-frequency shallow-water shear modes from the differential rotation, high-frequency gravity waves, and their interactions. Radiative and overshoot tachoclines are characterized in this model by high and low effective gravity values respectively. Building a semi-implicit spectral scheme containing very low numerical diffusion, we perform nonlinear evolution of shallow-water modes. Our first results show that, (i) high latitude jets or polar spin-up occurs due to nonlinear evolution of unstable hydrodynamic shallow-water disturbances and differential rotation, (ii) Reynolds stresses in the disturbances together with changing shell-thickness and meridional flow are responsible for the evolution of differential rotation, (iii) disturbance energy primarily remains concentrated in the lowest longitudinal wavenumbers, (iv) an oscillation in energy between perturbed and unperturbed states occurs due to evolution of these modes in a nearly dissipation-free system, and (v) disturbances are geostrophic, but occasional nonadjustment in geostrophic balance can occur, particularly in the case of high effective gravity, leading to generation of gravity waves. We also find that a linearly stable differential rotation profile remains nonlinearly stable.
description: Accepted in ApJ
Beatrice deMille
Creators: name: Buck, Julie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Beatrice deMille was born Matilda Beatrice Samuel in Liverpool, England. She immigrated with her family to New York in 1871. Though her family and friends called her Tillie growing up, when she met Henry deMille, he immediately started calling her Beatrice, after Dante’s Beatrice. According to her son, the director-producer Cecil B. DeMille, when Beatrice told her family that she intended to marry Henry, a Christian, they said they would disown her for converting from her Jewish faith (12). Never one to obey the rules, Beatrice married Henry deMille in Brooklyn, New York, in 1876. Henry had always wanted to be an actor. To make money when they were first married, they both taught—he composition and she elocution—at a preparatory school. When school was out for the summer, they would work as traveling actors, Beatrice always using the stage name Agnes Graham. Programs from a number of the theatrical productions in which they performed are found in the DeMille collection at Brigham Young University. To secure his success as an actor, Henry began writing plays in which he would play the lead role. Soon he formed a partnership with future theatre impresario David Belasco, and the two wrote and produced a number of theatre productions, most of which starred Henry, that were enormously successful. Henry was able to buy a large house in Pompton, New Jersey, for the three children he had with Beatrice—William, Cecil, and Agnes, who would die at age four of spinal meningitis. Then, at the height of his success, according to his obituary, Henry deMille contracted typhoid fever and suddenly died (5).
Directly deposited antimony on a copper silicide nanowire array as a high-performance potassium-ion battery anode with a long cycle life
Creators: name: Imtiaz, Sumair
name: Kapuria, Nilotpal
name: Aminu, Ibrahim Saana
name: Sankaran, Abinaya
name: SINGH, SHALINI
name: GEANEY, HUGH
name: KENNEDY, TADHG
name: RYAN, KEVIN M.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Antimony (Sb) is a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to its high capacity and moderate working potential. Achieving stable electrochemical performance for Sb is hindered by the enormous volume variation that occurs during cycling, causing a significant loss of the active material and disconnection from conventional current collectors (CCs). Herein, the direct growth of a highly dense copper silicide (Cu15Si4) nanowire (NW) array from a Cu mesh substrate to form a 3D CC is reported that facilitates the direct deposition of Sb in a core-shell arrangement (Sb@Cu15Si4 NWs). The 3D Cu15Si4 NW array provides a strong anchoring effect for Sb, while the spaces between the NWs act as a buffer zone for Sb expansion/contraction during K–cycling. The binder-free Sb@Cu15Si4 anode displays a stable capacity of 250.2 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 for over 1250 cycles with a capacity drop of ≈0.028% per cycle. Ex situ electron microscopy revealed that the stable performance is due to the complete restructuring of the Sb shell into a porous interconnected network of mechanically robust ligaments. Notably, the 3D Cu15Si4 NW CC is expected to be widely applicable for the development of alloying-type anodes for next-generation energy storage devices.
ПЛОДЫ РАСТОРОПШИ ПЯТНИСТОЙ КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОЕ СЫРЬЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ДОБАВОК К ПИЩЕ
Creators: name: СМИРНОВ СТАНИСЛАВ ОЛЕГОВИЧ
name: ФАЗУЛЛИНА ОЛИЯ ФАНАВИЕВНА
Publisher: name: Пищевая промышленность
Year: 2018
Subjects: АДАПТОГЕНЫ
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ ДОБАВКИ К ПИЩЕ
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ
МУМИЕ
ПЛОДЫ РАСТОРОПШИ ПЯТНИСТОЙ
ПОВЫШЕННАЯ ПИЩЕВАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЦЕННОСТЬ
РАЗРАБОТКА
ЭКСТРАКТ
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ

description: Работа посвящена исследованию по разработке рецептуры и технологии производства биологически активной добавки к пище с адаптогенными свойствами с использованием природного минерально-органического субстрата (мумие) и растительного сырья. Пищевые рационы большинства взрослого населения не соответствуют принципам здорового питания и приводят к росту заболеваемости, что свидетельствует о необходимости оптимизации питания населения. Вопросам здорового питания и, в частности, разработке новых видов продуктов с использованием нетрадиционного сырья природного происхождения как источников полезных веществ уделяется большое внимание во всех развитых странах мира. Для России задачи коррекции питания также актуальны. Применение в качестве лекарственных средств мумие и растений известно у разных народов издавна. В качестве одного из потенциально полезных для организма компонентов природного происхождения для рецептуры новой биологически активной добавки к пище с адаптогенными свойствами выбраны плоды расторопши пятнистой (Silybum marianum). В работе рассмотрены современные подходы к обогащению пищевых продуктов лекарственными растениями, в частности, обогащение продуктами переработки расторопши пятнистой. Представлена характеристика расторопши пятнистой, дан анализ опыта применения. Предложен наиболее удобный способ использования плодов расторопши для производства биологически активных добавок к пище. Изучены возможности применения продуктов переработки расторопши при производстве различных продуктов питания, в том числе хлебобулочных изделий, с целью повышения биологической и антиоксидантной активности, что позволит улучшить качество продукции за счет повышения биологической ценности. Исследование основано на том, что научно обоснованное сочетание компонентов природного происхождения в рецептуре позволит получить новую биологически активную добавку к пище с широким спектром биологической активности.
Evidence of Wave Damping at Low Heights in a Polar Coronal Hole
Creators: name: Hahn, Michael
name: Landi, Enrico
name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the widths of spectral lines from a polar coronal hole using the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer onboard Hinode. Polar coronal holes are regions of open magnetic field and the source of the fast solar wind. We find that the line widths decrease at relatively low heights. Previous observations have attributed such decreases to systematic effects, but we find that such effects are too small to explain our results. We conclude that the line narrowing is real. The non-thermal line widths are believed to be proportional to the amplitude of Alfven waves propagating along these open field lines. Our results suggest that Alfven waves are damped at unexpectedly low heights in a polar coronal hole. We derive an estimate on the upper limit for the energy dissipated between 1.1 and 1.3 solar radii and find that it is enough to account for up to 70% of that required to heat the polar coronal hole and accelerate the solar wind.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, April 2012
Development and Evaluation of a 193nm Immersion Generation-Three Fluid Candidates
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Paul A.
name: Byers, Jeff
name: Rice, Bryan
name: Ober, Christopher K.
name: Giannelis, Emmanuel P.
name: Rodriguez, Robert
name: Wang, Dongyan
name: O'Connor, Naphtali
name: Lei, Xuegong
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Liberman, Vladimir
name: Palmacci, Stephen
name: Rothschild, Mordechai
name: Lafferty, Neal
name: Smith, Bruce W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The need to extend 193nm immersion lithography necessitates the development of a third generation (Gen-3) of high refractive index (RI) fluids that will enable approximately 1.7 numerical aperture (NA) imaging. A multi-pronged approach was taken to develop these materials. One approach investigated the highest-index organic thus far discovered. The second approach used a very high refractive index nanoparticle to make a nanocomposite fluid. This report will describe the chemistry of the best Gen-3 fluid candidates and the systematic approach to their identification and synthesis. Images obtained with the Gen-3 fluid candidates will also be presented for a NA ≥ 1.7.
Helena Smith Dayton
Creators: name: Douglass, Jason Cody
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Equipped with nothing more than copious amounts of clay, nimble fingers, a sharpened match, a hairpin, and “an incorrigible sense of humour,” Helena began crafting hundreds of eight- to twelve-inch tall statuettes inspired by “modern city life” (“Cartoons in Clay by a Woman” B7). Lining the many bookshelves of her brownstone residence at 313 East 18th Street in New York City, these water-colored clay figures would ultimately play starring roles in some of the earliest known works of stop-motion clay animation.
The solution space geometry of random linear equations
Creators: name: Achlioptas, Dimitris
name: Molloy, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider random systems of linear equations over GF(2) in which every equation binds k variables. We obtain a precise description of the clustering of solutions in such systems. In particular, we prove that with probability that tends to 1 as the number of variables, n, grows: for every pair of solutions σ, τ, either there exists a sequence of solutions σ,...,τ, in which successive elements differ by O(log n) variables, or every sequence of solutions σ,...,τ, contains a step requiring the simultaneous change of Ω(n) variables. Furthermore, we determine precisely which pairs of solutions are in each category. Our results are tight and highly quantitative in nature. Moreover, our proof highlights the role of unique extendability as the driving force behind the success of Low Density Parity Check codes and our techniques also apply to the problem of so-called pseudo-codewords in such codes.
description: Corrects an error from previous versions. Lemma 35(b) replaces Observation 5 in the journal publication
Coherence of Multiscale Features for Enhancement of Digital Mammograms
Creators: name: Chang, Chun-Ming
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Mammograms depict most of the significant changes in breast disease. The primary radiographic signs of cancer are related to tumor mass, density, size, borders, and shape, and local distribution of calcifications. We show that each of these features can be well described by coherence and orientation measures and provide visual cues for radiologists to identify possible lesions more easily without increasing false positives. In this paper, an artifact-free enhancement algorithm based on overcomplete multiscale representations is presented. First, an image was decomposed using a fast wavelet transform algorithm. At each level of analysis, energy and phase information are computed via a set of separable steerable filters. Then, a measure of coherence within each level was obtained by weighting an energy measure with the ratio of projections of local energy within a specified window. Each projection was computed onto the central point of a window with respect to the total energy within that window. Finally, a nonlinear operation, integrating coherence and orientation information, was applied to modify transform coefficients within distinct levels of analysis. These modified coefficients were then reconstructed, via an inverse fast wavelet transform, resulting in an improved visualization of significant mammographic features. The novelty of this algorithm lies in the detection of directional multiscale features and the removal of aliased perturbations.
Luminescence of ruthenium(II) polypyridyls: evidence for intercalative binding to Z-DNA
Creators: name: Friedman, Alan E.
name: Kumar, Challa V.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Barton, Jacqueline K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Photophysical studies have been undertaken to characterize the binding interactions of enantiomers of Ru(phen)3(2+), Ru(DIP)3(2+), and racemic Ru(bpy)2dppz2+ (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, DIP = 4,7-diphenylphenanthroline, and dppz = dipyridophenazine) with Z-form poly d(GC). Parallel enhancements in steady state luminescent intensity and a lengthening of luminescent lifetimes are seen for ruthenium enantiomers with Z-DNA as for B-DNA but with enantioselectivities reversed. Greater enhancements are seen for delta-isomers with the right-handed helix but for lambda-isomers with the left-handed helix. Ru(bpy)2dppz2+, an avid intercalator in B-DNA, displays no luminescence free in aqueous solution, but luminesces brightly bound to either B- or Z-poly d(GC). Stern-Volmer quenching studies also support the enantioselective preference in binding to B-DNA by delta-isomers and a reversal with binding to Z-DNA preferentially by the lambda-isomers. Steady state polarization studies indicate a rigid association of the complexes with both B- and Z-DNA on the time-scale of their emission and again with symmetrical enantioselectivities for the left and right-handed helices. Given the well characterized intercalative association of the complexes with B-DNA, the parallel results seen here with Z-DNA point strongly to a comparable intercalative association with the Z-form helix. That molecules may interact with Z-DNA through intercalation has not been demonstrated previously and now requires consideration in describing the range of interactions of small molecules and proteins with Z-DNA.
Supplementary Materials for Treiman A.H. et al. (2025) The Brac/Dourbes olivine-cumulate rock, SéítahFormation, Jezero Crater floor, Mars: Its parent magma, and relation to basalts of the Máaz Formation. Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets
Creators: name: Treiman, Allan
name: Hernández-Montenegro, Juan David
name: Wiens, Roger C.
name: Wade, Larry
name: VanBommel, Scott
name: Van Beek, Jason
name: Udry, Arya
name: E. Schmidt, Mariek
name: Moore, Kelsey
name: Liu, Y.
name: Lawson, Peter
name: Knight, Abigail
name: Pedersen, David Arge Klevang
name: Kizovski, Tanya
name: Jones, Michael M.W.
name: A. Hurowitz, Joel
name: Hodyss, Robert P.
name: Henneke, Jesper
name: Flannery, D.
name: Denise, Robert
name: Debaille, V.
name: Cable, Morgan L.
name: Brown, Adrian J
name: Beyssac, Olivier
name: Asimow, Paul D.
name: Allwood, Abigail C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 370507
subject: Planetary geology
classificationCode: 370302
subject: Inorganic geochemistry
classificationCode: 370503
subject: Igneous and metamorphic petrology

description: The Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, encountered a range of basaltic igneous rocks on the floor of Jezero crater, two of which are olivine cumulates, formed by accumulation of olivine crystals from basaltic magma. These olivine cumulates lie in a geomorphically distinct region, named Séítah, on the Jezero crater floor. To understand the origin of the olivine cumulates and their relationship with the adjacent basalts of the Máaz formation, we calculated the composition of the parent magma of one of the olivine cumulates, named Brac, based on chemical analyses and mineralogic interpretations from the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) instrument. Acceptable Brac/Dourbes parent magmas are olivine tholeiite basalts, with SiO2~45%, MgO ~8%, FeOTot~27%, Al2O3~6%, and total alkali oxides of ~2.8% weight. These compositions are similar to one of the Máaz basalts, the rock Rimplas, which is stratigraphically close to Séítah, but chemically distinct from other Máaz basalts. Rimplas could (within uncertainty) be a sample of the Brac parent magma, but it is more likely that Rimplas and Brac had a common (or similar) parent magma. Geochemical similarities between Rimplas and the other Máaz basalts thus suggest that Brac (and other olivine-rich rocks of Séítah) and the Máaz basalts could be geochemically related; they could have been cogenetic and possibly contemporaneous, or could have been derived (at different times) from similar or related mantle source(s).
Rapidly rotating axisymmetric neutron stars with quark cores
Creators: name: Mishra, Abhishek
name: Chowdhury, Partha Roy
name: Basu, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of the properties of pure hadronic and hybrid compact stars. The nuclear equation of state (EoS) for beta-equilibrated neutron star matter was obtained using density dependent effective nucleon-nucleon interaction which satisfies the constraints from the observed flow data from heavy-ion collisions. The energy density of quark matter is lower than that of this nuclear EoS at higher densities implying the possibility of transition to quark matter inside the core. We solve the Einstein's equations for rotating stars using pure nuclear matter and quark core. The beta- equilibrated neutron star matter with a thin crust is able to describe highly massive compact stars but find that the nuclear to quark matter deconfinement transition inside neutron stars causes reduction in their masses. Recent observations of the binary millisecond pulsar J1614-2230 by P. B. Demorest et al. [1] suggest that the masses lie within 1.97\pm0.04 M\odot where M\odot is the solar mass. In conformity with recent observations, pure nucleonic EoS determines that the maximum mass of NS rotating with frequency below r-mode instability is ~1.95 M\odot with radius ~10 kilometers. Although compact stars with quark cores rotating with Kepler's frequency have masses up to ~2 M\odot, but if the maximum frequency is limited by the r-mode instability, the maximum mass ~1.7 M\odot turns out to be lower than the observed mass of 1.97\pm0.04 M\odot, by far the highest yet measured with such certainty, implying exclusion of quark cores for such massive pulsars.
description: 12 pages including 6 figures
Predicting binding affinities of a novel polymer for the neutralization of fondaparinux
Creators: name: Cajiao, Adriana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Anticoagulants are an essential clinical tool in modern medicine where they are administered to patients who are undergoing procedures such as cardiac surgery and kidney dialysis. They are also used to treat serious illnesses including venous thromboembolism, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction. However, anticoagulants have undesirable side effects, most notably excessive bleeding. Thus, antidotes are required to rapidly reverse the anticoagulant effect and treat life-threatening bleeding complications that might arise from an overdose of anticoagulants or the urgent need to perform an invasive procedure. For instance, while the synthetic anticoagulant fondaparinux has become increasingly important in clinical medicine because of its advantages over other heparin-based drugs, its use is limited by a lack of an antidote. The development of an effective, clinically safe antidote for fondaparinux is therefore critical for its widespread adoption in clinical medicine. The synthetic polymer HBSPCM (Heparin Binding Synthetic Polyvalent Cationic Macromolecule) has been found to be a promising candidate antidote for fondaparinux. However, an optimal design of HBSPCM that binds to fondaparinux with high affinity and neutralizes it has not yet been determined. A robust model is herein developed that describes the electrostatic interactions between fondaparinux and candidate HBSPCMs using data gathered from experimental work as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This model is then used to characterize the binding affinities of various putative HBSPCM structures for fondaparinux. This enables the prediction of an improved structure for the initial design of an antidote molecule. The synthesis and testing of every possible candidate HBSPCM structure would be costly and time-consuming. By quickly and efficiently predicting molecular structures that show promising binding affinities to fondaparinux, the mathematical model described in this thesis is a vast improvement over a traditional trial-and-error approach to drug design. As such, it represents an essential theoretical tool in the development of fondaparinux as an effective and safe anticoagulation treatment.
Renée Deliot
Creators: name: Veronesi, Micaela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Renée Deliot is best known as Mario Guaita’s screenwriter and wife. She collaborated exclusively with her husband, an actor and director best known as a strongman of the Italian silent cinema, in the style of Maciste. Deliot’s role, however, was nonetheless central and much more important than film scholarship has revealed to date. Notably, Deliot and Guaita’s relationship, which lasted thirty-seven years, was both a professional partnership and a love affair, even if they only were married toward the end of their life together, in 1955.
Using Perturbation Theory to Compute the Morphological Similarity of Diffusion Tensors
Creators: name: Bansal, Ravi
name: Staib, Lawrence H.
name: Xu, Dongrong
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Royal, Jason
name: Peterson, Bradley S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Computing the morphological similarity of diffusion tensors (DTs) at neighboring voxels within a DT image, or at corresponding locations across different DT images, is a fundamental and ubiquitous operation in the postprocessing of DT images. The morphological similarity of DTs typically has been computed using either the principal directions (PDs) of DTs (i.e., the direction along which water molecules diffuse preferentially) or their tensor elements. Although comparing PDs allows the similarity of one morphological feature of DTs to be visualized directly in eigenspace, this method takes into account only a single eigenvector, and it is therefore sensitive to the presence of noise in the images that can introduce error in to the estimation of that vector. Although comparing tensor elements, rather than PDs, is comparatively more robust to the effects of noise, the individual elements of a given tensor do not directly reflect the diffusion properties of water molecules. We propose a measure for computing the morphological similarity of DTs that uses both their eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and that also accounts for the noise levels present in DT images. Our measure presupposes that DTs in a homogeneous region within or across DT images are random perturbations of one another in the presence of noise. The similarity values that are computed using our method are smooth (in the sense that small changes in eigenvalues and eigenvectors cause only small changes in similarity), and they are symmetric when differences in eigenvalues and eigenvectors are also symmetric. In addition, our method does not presuppose that the corresponding eigenvectors across two DTs have been identified accurately, an assumption that is problematic in the presence of noise. Because we compute the similarity between DTs using their eigenspace components, our similarity measure relates directly to both the magnitude and the direction of the diffusion of water molecules. The favorable performance characteristics of our measure offer the prospect of substantially improving additional postprocessing operations that are commonly performed on DTI datasets, such as image segmentation, fiber tracking, noise filtering, and spatial normalization.
Grace Cunard
Creators: name: Bean, Jennifer M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Known to her fans as a daring jewel thief, an athletic reporter with a nose for news, and a circus tamer of rather ferocious cats, Grace Cunard (Harriet Milfred Jeffries) performed in over one hundred silent-era films, including five of Universal Studio’s most popular adventure serials in the 1910s. She was also known as “The Master Pen,” a thinly veiled pseudonym that graced announcements and title cards for her first serial story and star vehicle, Lucille Love, The Girl of Mystery (1914). Although the exact number of screenplays, stories, and scenarios for which she received credit is unknown, the publicity surrounding her seven-year career at Universal stressed her capacity to “write everything” in which she appeared, and the number likely tallies around fifty films, according to a 1915 biography in Feature Movie Magazine, in what could be seen as a publicity inflation to impress Cunard’s fans (44). Other sources, however, offer alternative calculations. The same year, for instance, reporter Hugh Weir touted Cunard as a “twenty-two year old girl” who is also the “Author of Over Four Hundred Scenarios!” (26).
B0 meson decays to rho0 K*0, f0 K*0, and rho-K*+, including higher K* resonances
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present branching fraction measurements for the decays B0 -> rho0 K*0, B0 -> f0 K*0, and B0 -> rho- K*+, where K* is an S-wave (K pi)_0* or a K*(892) meson; we also measure B0 -> f0 K_2*(1430)^0. For the K*(892) channels, we report measurements of longitudinal polarization fractions (for rho final states) and direct CP-violation asymmetries. These results are obtained from a sample of (471.0 +/- 2.8) x 10^6 BBbar pairs collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We observe rho0 K*(892)^0, rho0 (K pi)_0^{*0}, f0 K*(892)^0, and rho- K*(892)+ with greater than 5 sigma significance, including systematics. We report first evidence for f0 (K pi)_0^{*0} and f0 K_2*(1430)^0, and place an upper limit on rho- (K pi)_0^{*+}. Our results in the K*(892) channels are consistent with no direct CP-violation.
description: 17 pages, 6 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Photochemistry of organic molecules in microscopic reactors
Creators: name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The photochemistry of dibenzyl ketone and its derivatives has been employed to investigate the ability of zeolite molecular sieves to modify and to control the reaction channels available to organic molecules adsorbed on the internal and external zeolite surfaces. It is found that the observed photochemistry is very sensitive to the size/shape characteristics of the substrate ketones and of the pores and internal void space of the zeolites. Although unprecedented reactions of ketones have been found to be induced by absorption of the ketones on the zeolite surfaces, the reactions are consistent with expectations based on the topological structure of the zeolite surfaces and on the mechanism of ketone photolysis in homogeneous solution.
Kate Corbaley
Creators: name: Jegal, Song
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: “To some people life is narrative. To others it is drama. To me life is dramatic. It is never just a story, and to me scenario writing is the easiest form of expression.” Kate Corbaley thus expressed her views in Photoplay after winning first prize in the Photoplay-Triangle Scenario Contest. The film she wrote was Real Folks (1918), which began her journey as a screenwriter. Following Corbaley’s receipt of the prize, Real Folks was produced by Triangle Film Company and released in theatres. Although the Photoplay contest appears to have given a talented young woman a head start, we still have reason, given Anne Morey’s recent research, to be skeptical about the industry recruitment of amateur writers and the promotional motives behind contests (Morey 1997, 300-319). We wonder if Photoplay’s figure of 7,000 stories submitted was an inflated number. Further, Corbaley was not a complete novice, as the Photoplay article reveals that Real Folks was Corbaley’s second prize (104). In 1917, she had written a comedy for Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Drew and the comedienne praised her for her ability to create people. And the relatively untrained Corbaley had not written a scenario that went directly into production but “Real Folks” was an original story that still had to be adapted for the screen—something we learn from the American Film Institute catalog, which lists Corbaley as “storywriter” and credits Jack Cunningham as scenario writer. Was Corbaley’s story worthy of the prize? Although no extant prints of Real Folks survive to help us assess the work, film reviews were favorable. Exhibitor’s Trade Review praised the visual style, mentioning its landscapes, interiors, and close-ups as well as the story that combined “mirth” with “pathos” (913).
Helena Cortesina
Creators: name: Cordero-Hoyo, Elena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Little is known—and even less is written—about the role that women played within the Spanish silent cinema. Cinema, along with other visual arts, constituted what was known then as a frivolous entertainment industry. Although, in many countries it was an area that was more open to the presence of women than other established businesses or artistic fields, in Spain we can find very few names of women pioneers who gained the space to experiment and the freedom to create. However, Helena Cortesina was one of them. Cortesina started her career as a dancer in variety shows, then moved to acting, and then became a director and producer with the film Flor de España o la Leyenda de un Torero/Spanish Flower or the Bullfighter’s Legend (1921).