cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Space-based diagnosis of surface ozone sensitivity to anthropogenic emissions
Creators: name: Martin, Randall V.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Van Donkelaar, Aaron
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Ozone layer
Atmospheric nitrogen oxides
Air--Pollution--Remote sensing
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: We present a novel capability in satellite remote sensing with implications for air pollution control strategy. We show that the ratio of formaldehyde columns to tropospheric nitrogen dioxide columns is an indicator of the relative sensitivity of surface ozone to emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The diagnosis from these space-based observations is highly consistent with current understanding of surface ozone chemistry based on in situ observations. The satellite-derived ratios indicate that surface ozone is more sensitive to emissions of NOx than of VOCs throughout most continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere during summer. Exceptions include Los Angeles and industrial areas of Germany. A seasonal transition occurs in the fall when surface ozone becomes less sensitive to NOx and more sensitive to VOCs.
Far-infrared spectroscopy of a lensed starburst: a blind redshift from Herschel
Creators: name: George, R. D.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Hopwood, R.
name: Riechers, D. A.
name: Bussmann, R. S.
name: Cox, P.
name: Dye, S.
name: Krips, M.
name: Negrello, M.
name: Neri, R.
name: Serjeant, S.
name: Valtchanov, I.
name: Baes, M.
name: Bourne, N.
name: Clements, D. L.
name: De Zotti, G.
name: Dunne, L.
name: Eales, S. A.
name: Ibar, E.
name: Maddox, S.
name: Smith, M. W. L.
name: Valiante, E.
name: van der Werf, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the redshift of HATLAS J132427.0+284452 (hereafter HATLAS J132427), a gravitationally lensed starburst galaxy, the first determined 'blind' by the Herschel Space Observatory. This is achieved via the detection of [C II] consistent with z = 1.68 in a far-infrared spectrum taken with the SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer. We demonstrate that the [C II] redshift is secure via detections of CO J = 2 - 1 and 3 - 2 using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique's Plateau de Bure Interferometer. The intrinsic properties appear typical of high-redshift starbursts despite the high lensing-amplified fluxes, proving the ability of the FTS to probe this population with the aid of lensing. The blind detection of [C II] demonstrates the potential of the SAFARI imaging spectrometer, proposed for the much more sensitive SPICA mission, to determine redshifts of multiple dusty galaxies simultaneously without the benefit of lensing.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS as a Letter
Investigation of the influence of non-pozzolanic filler composition and content on the properties of self-compacting concrete
Creators: name: Gaurang R. Vesmawala
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: Self-compacting concrete, Fine aggregate to total aggregate ratio, Superplasticizer, Marble powder, Lime powder

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 28, 4, 9
Synthesis of Novel Dihydrothieno- and Thiopyrano Quinolines from 3-Formyl-2-Mercaptoquinoline Derivatives
Creators: name: Shiri, Morteza
name: Faghihi, Zeinab
name: Pourabed, Raziyeh
name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Vahideh Zadsirjan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: Several new fused polycyclic 2,3-dihydro-thieno[2,3-b]quinolin-3-ol derivatives were synthesis through the un-catalyzed reaction of various 2-mercaptobenzoquinoline-3carbaldehydes with 2-bromoacetophenones in CH2Cl2 at 80–90% yield. Besides, reaction of differently substituted 3-formyl-2-mercaptoquinolines and various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds such as dimedone, ethyl acetoacetate and 1,3-indandione) in the presence of AlCl3 as an efficient catalyst in CH2Cl2 at room temperature gave different novel fused polyheterocycle derivatives depends on the selection of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, respectively.
Bias dependence of tunneling magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with asymmetric barriers
Creators: name: Kalitsov, Alan
name: Zermatten, Pierre-Jean
name: Bonell, Frédéric
name: Gaudin, Gilles
name: Andrieu, Stéphane
name: Tiusan, Coriolan
name: Chshiev, Mairbek
name: Velev, Julian P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport properties of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are very sensitive to interface modifications. In this work we investigate both experimentally and theoretically the effect of asymmetric barrier modifications on the bias dependence of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in single crystal Fe/MgO-based MTJs with (i) one crystalline and one rough interface and (ii) with a monolayer of O deposited at the crystalline interface. In both cases we observe an asymmetric bias dependence of TMR and a reversal of its sign at large bias. We propose a general model to explain the bias dependence in these and similar systems reported earlier. The model predicts the existence of two distinct TMR regimes: (i) tunneling regime when the interface is modified with layers of a different insulator and (ii) resonant regime when thin metallic layers are inserted at the interface. We demonstrate that in the tunneling regime negative TMR is due to the high voltage which overcomes the exchange splitting in the electrodes, while the asymmetric bias dependence of TMR is due to the interface transmission probabilities. In the resonant regime inversion of TMR could happen at zero voltage depending on the alignment of the resonance levels with the Fermi surfaces of the electrodes. Moreover, the model predicts a regime in which TMR has different sign at positive and negative bias suggesting possibilities of combining memory with logic functions.
Impacts of climate change on surface ozone and intercontinental ozone pollution: A multi-model study
Creators: name: Doherty, R. M.
name: Wild, O.
name: Shindell, D. T.
name: Zeng, G.
name: MacKenzie, I. A.
name: Collins, W. J.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Stevenson, D. S.
name: Dentener, F. J.
name: Schultz, M. G.
name: Hess, P.
name: Derwent, R. G.
name: Keating, T. J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Climatic changes--Research
subject: Transboundary pollution
subject: Ozone
subject: Tropospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Atmospheric chemistry

description: The impact of climate change between 2000 and 2095 SRES A2 climates on surface ozone (O)3 and on O3 source-receptor (S-R) relationships is quantified using three coupled climate-chemistry models (CCMs). The CCMs exhibit considerable variability in the spatial extent and location of surface O3 increases that occur within parts of high NOx emission source regions (up to 6 ppbv in the annual average and up to 14 ppbv in the season of maximum O3). In these source regions, all three CCMs show a positive relationship between surface O3 change and temperature change. Sensitivity simulations show that a combination of three individual chemical processes—(i) enhanced PAN decomposition, (ii) higher water vapor concentrations, and (iii) enhanced isoprene emission—largely reproduces the global spatial pattern of annual-mean surface O3 response due to climate change (R2 = 0.52). Changes in climate are found to exert a stronger control on the annual-mean surface O3 response through changes in climate-sensitive O3 chemistry than through changes in transport as evaluated from idealized CO-like tracer concentrations. All three CCMs exhibit a similar spatial pattern of annual-mean surface O3 change to 20% regional O3 precursor emission reductions under future climate compared to the same emission reductions applied under present-day climate. The surface O3 response to emission reductions is larger over the source region and smaller downwind in the future than under present-day conditions. All three CCMs show areas within Europe where regional emission reductions larger than 20% are required to compensate climate change impacts on annual-mean surface O3.
An Analytical and Numerical Study of Liquid Dynamics in a 1D Capillary under Entrapped Gas Action
Creators: name: Fazio, Riccardo
name: Iacono, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2; G.1.7
subject: 76D45, 65L05

description: Capillary dynamics has been and is yet an important field of research, because of its very relevant role played as the core mechanism at the base of many applications. In this context, we are particularly interested in the liquid penetration inspection technique. Due to the obviously needed level of reliability involved with such a non-destructive test, this paper is devoted to study how the presence of an entrapped gas in a close-end capillary may affect the inspection outcome. This study is carried out through a 1D ordinary differential model that despite its simplicity is able to point out quite well the capillary dynamics under the effect of an entrapped gas. The paper is divided into two main parts; the first starts from an introductory historical review of capillary flows modeling, goes on presenting the 1D second order ordinary differential model, taking into account the presence of an entrapped gas and therefore ends by showing some numerical simulation results. The second part is devoted to the analytical study of the model by separating the initial transitory behavior from the stationary one. Besides, these solutions are compared with the numerical ones and finally an expression is deduced for the threshold radius switching from a fully damped transitory to an oscillatory one.
description: 23 pages; 9 figures, 1 table
A high-throughput Computer Tomography-based Holographic Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) method for Multi-Material (Wavelength-Selective/CurbCure/Upconversion) additive manufacturing under Continuous Phases (CT-MMW/CC-TPP4DAM-CP)
Creators: name: MENG, (Keys tiger) Hu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Additive manufacturing

description: A high-throughput Computer Tomography-based Holographic Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) method for Multi-Material (Wavelength-Selective/CurbCure/Upconversion) additive manufacturing under Continuous Phases (CT-MMW/CC-TPP4DAM-CP)
Synthesis of Novel Quinoline-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine Derivatives via Hantzsch Reaction in Aqueous Medium Potential Bioactive Compounds
Creators: name: Shiri, Morteza
name: Atefeh Nejatinezhad-Arani
name: Faghihi, Zeinab
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: The synthesis of a novel series of substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines was achieved in aqueous media by base-catalyzed three-component Hantzsch reaction of 2chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes, ammonium acetate, and alkyl acteoacetate in good to high yields. Important advantages of this method are easy access to a library of novel quinoline and quinolone derivatives, green reaction conditions with water as solvent, and ease of purification.
title: Dynamic Analysis of Linear Structural System Using Ritz Vector Method and Substructuring Formulation
Creators: name: Modi, Vijay R.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1989

description: In this study, the substructuring formulation is incorporated into Ritz Vector method to obtain and solve the reduced system of dynamic equilibrium equations. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional truss problems are considered in the present study. The accuracy and computational time using the proposed technique are compared with known solutions. The effect of using different number of substructures and Ritz vectors are also investigated, equations solver is utilized to Moreover, a version of a parallel further enhance the numerical performance of the proposed technique on the FLEX/32 Multicomputer.
Orbifold Biquotients of SU(3)
Creators: name: Yeroshkin, Dmytro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20, 57R18

description: One of the main methods of constructing new spaces with positive or almost positive curvature is the study of biquotients first studied in detail by Eschenburg. We classify orbifold biquotients of the Lie Group $SU(3)$, and construct a new example of a 5-dimensional orbifold with almost positive curvature. Furthermore, we extend the work of Florit and Ziller on the geometric properties of the orbifolds $SU(3)//T^2$.
description: Answered a conjecture from the previous version
Animal Bite Injuries to the Face: A Retrospective Evaluation of 111 Cases
Creators: name: Maurer, Michael
name: Schlipköter, Cornelius
name: Gottsauner, Maximilian
name: Waiss, Waltraud
name: Meier, Johannes K.
name: Fiedler, Mathias
name: Schuderer, Johannes G.
name: Taxis, Juergen
name: Reichert, Torsten E.
name: Ettl, Tobias
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: animal bite; wound infection; facial trauma; maxillofacial surgery
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The treatment of bite wounds to the face is discussed controversially in relation to surgery and antibiotics. The aim of this study is a retrospective evaluation of 111 cases of animal bite injuries to the face that presented to our unit of oral and maxillofacial surgery over a 13-year period. Children under 10 years of age were predominantly involved. A total of 94.5% of the assessed injuries were caused by dogs. Wound infections occurred in 8.1%. Lackmann type II was the most common type of injury (36.9%). The perioral area was affected most frequently (40.5%). Primary wound closure was carried out in 74.8% of the cases. In 91.9% of the cases, antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed. The most often administered type of antibiotic was amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (62.1%). Patients without antibiotics showed an increased infection rate without significance. Wound infections occurred significantly more frequently in wounds to the cheeks (p = 0.003) and when local flap reconstruction was necessary (p = 0.048). Compared to the other surgical treatment options, primary closure showed the lowest infection rates (4.8%, p = 0.029). We recommend antibiotic prophylaxis using amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and wound drains for wounds of Lackmann class II or higher. Primary closure seems to be the treatment of choice whenever possible.
Genevieve Harris
Creators: Abel, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Genevieve Harris was rather unique among women newspaper writers. In early 1916, she became a film reviewer for Motography (published in Chicago), a position she held until July 1918, just before the trade journal merged with Exhibitors Herald. Although several men also wrote reviews, Harris was the most constant, regular film critic. Her weekly reviews covered not only features but also serial episodes and short comedies, westerns, and other genres. She also conducted a few interviews with stars such as Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, and her last columns were notable for unusual interviews with local theater managers. This experience and her knowledge of the industry proved invaluable when, in August 1918, she took over reviewing films from Oma Moody Lawrence for the Chicago Post and, in November, began editing the weekly “Photoplay News and Comment” page. Nothing is known about her life prior, but she likely was no more than twenty-five years old at the time.
The Space-Group and Molecular Symmetry of Beta-Benzenehexabromide and Hexachloride
Creators: name: Bilicke, Albert Constant
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1927
Subjects: Chemistry

description: The small crystallographic symmetry of most organic compounds has limited the determination of their structures by crystal-structure researches.  Yet many problems of structural organic chemistry can be so answered.  We have determined the space-group and molecular symmetry of β-benzene hexabromide and hexachloride, and have obtained information of value in the interpretation of the geometrical isomerism of these compounds.

Both benzene hexabromide, C6H6Br6 and benzene hexacholoride, C6H6Cl6, crystallize in two modifications differing markedly in physical properties.  The monoclinic forms, designated alpha, have been assigned the "trans" configuration.  The "cis" or beta modification of the hexabromide crystallizes in the cubic system, while the hexachloride has been reported to form hexagonal crystals which are pseudocubic.  Our investigation has been restricted to the beta forms.
title: Developing a policy for sexual health education for children and young people with Autism Spectrum Disorders and learning disabilities
Creators: name: Ballantyne, Diane
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2011

description: Linn Moor School provides care and education for 22 children with severe and challenging behaviour. Around 80 percent of these children have a diagnosis on the Autistic Spectrum and all the students have some form of learning disabilities. Due to these difficulties, providing sexual health education has been a challenge and there has never been a whole school approach. Aspects of sexual health education have only been taught when a crisis has arisen for individual students.
Narrow-K-Band Observations of the GJ 1214 System
Creators: name: Colon, Knicole D.
name: Gaidos, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GJ 1214 is a nearby M dwarf star that hosts a transiting super-Earth-size planet, making this system an excellent target for atmospheric studies. Most studies find that the transmission spectrum of GJ 1214b is flat, which favors either a high mean molecular weight or cloudy/hazy hydrogen (H) rich atmosphere model. Photometry at short wavelengths (< 0.7 micron) and in the K-band can discriminate the most between these different atmosphere models for GJ 1214b, but current observations do not have sufficiently high precision. We present photometry of seven transits of GJ 1214b through a narrow K-band (2.141 micron) filter with the Wide Field Camera on the 3.8 m United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. Our photometric precision is typically 1.7x10^-3 (for a single transit), comparable with other ground-based observations of GJ 1214b. We measure a planet-star radius ratio of 0.1158+/-0.0013, which, along with other studies, also supports a flat transmission spectrum for GJ 1214b. Since this does not exclude a scenario where GJ 1214b has a H-rich envelope with heavy elements that are sequestered below a cloud/haze layer, we compare K-band observations with models of H_2 collision-induced absorption in an atmosphere for a range of temperatures. While we find no evidence for deviation from a flat spectrum (slope s = 0.0016+/-0.0038), an H_2 dominated upper atmosphere (< 60 mbar) cannot be excluded. More precise observations at < 0.7 micron and in the K-band as well as a uniform analysis of all published data would be useful for establishing more robust limits on atmosphere models for GJ 1214b.
description: Accepted to ApJ on 19 August 2013
Development of gold nanoparticles-based lateral flow sandwich assay for colorimetric and electrochemical detection of bacterial infection biomarker
Creators: name: Sharma, Aditya G.
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: Procalcitonin, Gold nanoparticles, Lateral flow assay, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 28, 4, 7
title: Die Bedingung zur Emancipation der Juden; 1848
title: mit Bezug auf die neuesten Ereignisse
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Koehler, Alexander von
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: In Fraktur. - Bibliographischer Nachweis: Holzmann-Bohatta
The attractive Bose gas in two dimensions: an analytical study of its fragmentation and collapse
Creators: name: Tsatsos, Marios C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An attractive Bose-Einstein condensate in two spatial dimensions is expected to collapse for supercritical values of the interaction strength. Moreover, it is known that for nonzero quanta of angular momentum and infinitesimal attraction the gas prefers to fragment and distribute its angular momentum over different orbitals. In this work we examine the two-dimensional Bose gas for finite values of attraction and describe the ground state in connection to its angular momentum by theoretical methods that go beyond the standard Gross-Pitaevskii theory. By applying the best mean field approach, we derive analytical relations for the energy, the fragmentation of the ground states and the critical (for collapse) value of the attraction strength as a function of the total angular momentum $L$.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. Appeared with minor corrections to Physical Review A
Moist Static Energy Budget of the MJO during DYNAMO
Creators: name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Wang, Shuguang
name: Kim, Daehyun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric circulation
subject: Madden-Julian oscillation
subject: Atmosphere
subject: Remote sensing
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The authors analyze the column-integrated moist static energy budget over the region of the tropical Indian Ocean covered by the sounding array during the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in the Year 2011 (CINDY2011)/Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field experiment in late 2011. The analysis is performed using data from the sounding array complemented by additional observational datasets for surface turbulent fluxes and atmospheric radiative heating. The entire analysis is repeated using the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). The roles of surface turbulent fluxes, radiative heating, and advection are quantified for the two MJO events that occurred in October and November using the sounding data; a third event in December is also studied in the ERA-Interim data. These results are consistent with the view that the MJO’s moist static energy anomalies grow and are sustained to a significant extent by the radiative feedbacks associated with MJO water vapor and cloud anomalies and that propagation of the MJO is associated with advection of moist static energy. Both horizontal and vertical advection appear to play significant roles in the events studied here. Horizontal advection strongly moistens the atmosphere during the buildup to the active phase of the October event when the low-level winds switch from westerly to easterly. Horizontal advection strongly dries the atmosphere in the wake of the active phases of the November and December events as the westerlies associated with off-equatorial cyclonic gyres bring subtropical dry air into the convective region from the west and north. Vertical advection provides relative moistening ahead of the active phase and drying behind it, associated with an increase of the normalized gross moist stability.
Calendar-year dating of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core from the early sixth century using historical, ion, and particulate data
Creators: name: Abbott, Dallas Helen
name: Breger, Dee Lewis
name: Biscaye, Pierre E.
name: Juhl, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmic dust
subject: Ice cores
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Atmospheric chemistry
subject: Atmosphere
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We use the occurrence of unusual or out-of-season dust storms and dissolved ion data as proxies for dust to propose a calendar-year chronology for a portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core during the early sixth century A.D. Our new time scale moves a small sulfate peak to early 537 A.D., which is more consistent with recent findings of a 6 mo to 18 mo time lag between volcanic eruptions and atmospheric fallout of their sulfate aerosols. Our new time scale is consistent with a small volcanic input to the A.D. 536–537 climate downturn. We use the time range of Ni-rich fragments and cosmic spherules to provide an independent test of the chronology. The time range of Ni-rich fragments and cosmic spherules matches historical observations of "dancing stars" starting in the summer of A.D. 533 and lasting until A.D. 539 or 540. These dancing stars have been previously attributed to cosmogenic dust loading of Earth's atmosphere. The time scale cannot be shifted to be either younger or older by 1 yr without destroying the match to historical accounts of dancing stars.
Jet quenching in a strongly interacting plasma - A lattice approach
Creators: name: Panero, Marco
name: Rummukainen, Kari
name: Schäfer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of jet quenching, related to the momentum broadening of a high-energy parton, provides important experimental evidence for the production of a strongly coupled, deconfined medium in heavy-ion collisions. Its theoretical description has been addressed in a number of works, both perturbatively and non-perturbatively (using the gauge-gravity duality). In this contribution, following a proposal by Caron-Huot, we discuss a novel approach to this problem, enabling one to extract non-perturbative information on this real-time phenomenon from simulations on a Euclidean lattice.
description: 6 pages, 3 pdf figures, talk presented at the 2013 European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics "EPS HEP 2013" (18-24 July 2013, Stockholm, Sweden)
Ethan Pollock, Without the Banya We Would Perish. A History of the Russian Bathhouse. Oxford, Oxford University Press 2019
Creators: name: Wagner, Martin
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 900 Geschichte, Geografie und Hilfswissenschaften
subject: 947 Russland und benachbarte osteuropäische Länder

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
High-precision 10Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago
Creators: name: Kelley, Samuel E.
name: Kaplan, Michael
name: Andersen, Bjørn G.
name: Schaefer, Joerg M.
name: Barrell, David J. A.
name: Putnam, Aaron Ervin
name: Denton, George H.
name: Schwartz, Roseanne G.
name: Finkel, Robert C.
name: Doughty, Alice M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Climatic changes
Geomorphology
Atmosphere

description: Millennial-scale temperature variations in Antarctica during the period 80,000 to 18,000 years ago are known to anti-correlate broadly with winter-centric cold–warm episodes revealed in Greenland ice cores. However, the extent to which climate fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere beat in time with Antarctica, rather than with the Northern Hemisphere, has proved a controversial question. In this study we determine the ages of a prominent sequence of glacial moraines in New Zealand and use the results to assess the phasing of millennial climate change. Forty-four 10Be cosmogenic surface-exposure ages of boulders deposited by the Pukaki glacier in the Southern Alps document four moraine-building events from Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) through to the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (∼18,000 years ago; LGM). The earliest moraine-building event is defined by the ages of nine boulders on a belt of moraine that documents the culmination of a glacier advance 42,000 years ago. At the Pukaki locality this advance was of comparable scale to subsequent advances that, from the remaining exposure ages, occurred between 28,000 and 25,000, at 21,000, and at 18,000 years ago. Collectively, all four moraine-building events represent the LGM. The glacier advance 42,000 years ago in the Southern Alps coincides in Antarctica with a cold episode, shown by the isotopic record from the EPICA Dome C ice core, between the prominent A1 and A2 warming events. Therefore, the implication of the Pukaki glacier record is that as early as 42,000 years ago an episode of glacial cold similar to that of the LGM extended in the atmosphere from high on the East Antarctic plateau to at least as far north as the Southern Alps (∼44°S). Such a cold episode is thought to reflect the translation through the atmosphere and/or the ocean of the anti-phased effects of Northern Hemisphere interstadial conditions to the southern half of the Southern Hemisphere. Regardless of the mechanism, any explanation for the cold episode at 42,000 years ago must account for its widespread atmospheric footprint not only in Antarctica but also within the westerly wind belt in southern mid-latitudes.
Shrinkage Estimation Methods for Subgroup Analyses
Creators: name: Riehl, Julian
name: Fritsch, Arno
name: Ickstadt, Katja
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Subgroup analyses increasingly gain importance for pharmaceutical investigations. Conventional approaches for treatment effect estimation are controversial because of multiplicity and small sample sizes within the subsets. Hence, we consider shrinkage estimators, which combine the overall effect estimate with the estimate within a given subgroup by using a Bayesian framework. This article contains a short introduction to two shrinkage estimation approaches proposed by Dixon and Simon and by Simon. Our key contribution is to present methodical extensions to enlarge the applicabilities and provide solutions for some computational issues. Besides an application to a real dataset, we perform an extensive simulation study, in which the conventional and the shrinkage approaches are compared under different models and scenarios of a typical clinical phase III design. The simulation results clearly show that the shrinkage approaches provide much better estimates than the conventional approaches according to the mean square error and the interval range under nearly all considered investigation cases. Exceeding advantages can be observed in the case of small sample sizes and low interaction effects. Some issues occur to the width and coverage probability of the credibility intervals concerning particular variants of the shrinkage estimators.
Linking ozone pollution and climate change: The case for controlling methane
Creators: name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Field, Brendan D.
name: Streets, David G.
name: Fernandes, Suneeta D.
name: Jang, Carey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Tropospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Atmospheric methane
Air quality--Standards
Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: Methane (CH4) emission controls are found to be a powerful lever for reducing both global warming and air pollution via decreases in background tropospheric ozone (O3). Reducing anthropogenic CH4 emissions by 50% nearly halves the incidence of U.S. high-O3 events and lowers global radiative forcing by 0.37 W m−2 (0.30 W m−2 from CH4, 0.07 W m−2 from O3) in a 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry. A 2030 simulation based upon IPCC A1 emissions projections shows a longer and more intense U.S. O3 pollution season despite domestic emission reductions, indicating that intercontinental transport and a rising O3 background should be considered when setting air quality goals.
A Modification of Location Commensurate Power Prior in Clinical Trials
Creators: name: Tran, Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A statistical approach to incorporate historical data efficiently while maintaining statistical integrity is needed when the use of historical data along with current data is justified. Bayesian statistics enables the utilization of historical data in its priors for inference. In clinical trial analysis, if historical data support current data, incorporating priors can help improve statistical power as well as reduce sample sizes. However, if historical and current data are not compatible, incorporating Bayesian priors can result in estimation bias, hence inflated Type I error. A more recent Bayesian approach, location commensurate power prior (LCPP) helps resolve inflated Type I error issue and gain power in certain scenarios. Our simulation results show that in the presence of large conflicts (a conflict is defined as an average of historical data minus current control data), all Bayesian approaches do not perform well especially in the presence of negative large conflicts, all Bayesian approaches have much lower power compared to frequentist. To address this issue, we propose a modification of location commensurate power prior (mLCPP) that leverages frequentist, traditional Bayesian and LCPP. The proposed approach results in better performance across all conflict profiles. We also apply mLCPP to an adaptive clinical trial design and show that if large conflicts present, mLCPP signals sample size re-estimation in a control arm to avoid under-powered studies and if moderate to no conflicts, it signals partial to full use of historical information, thus improving power while allowing an acceptable inflation of Type I error and offering opportunity for sample size reduction.
A tropospheric ozone maximum over the Middle East
Creators: name: Li, Qinbin
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Logan, Jennifer A.
name: Bey, Isabelle
name: Yantosca, Robert M.
name: Liu, Hongyu
name: Martin, Randall V.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Field, Brendan D.
name: Duncan, Bryan N.
name: Thouret, Valérie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Tropospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Ozone
Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: The GEOS-CHEM global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry predicts a summertime O3 maximum over the Middle East, with mean mixing ratios in the middle and upper troposphere in excess of 80 ppbv. This model feature is consistent with the few observations from commercial aircraft in the region. Its origin in the model reflects a complex interplay of dynamical and chemical factors, and of anthropogenic and natural influences. The anticyclonic circulation in the middle and upper troposphere over the Middle East funnels northern midlatitude pollution transported in the westerly subtropical jet as well as lightning outflow from the Indian monsoon and pollution from eastern Asia transported in an easterly tropical jet. Large-scale subsidence over the region takes place with continued net production of O3 and little mid-level outflow. Transport from the stratosphere does not contribute significantly to the O3 maximum. Sensitivity simulations with anthropogenic or lightning emissions shut off indicate decreases of 20–30% and 10–15% respectively in the tropospheric O3 column over the Middle East. More observations in this region are needed to confirm the presence of the O3 maximum.
Chemical nonlinearities in relating intercontinental ozone pollution to anthropogenic emissions
Creators: name: Wu, Shiliang
name: Duncan, Bryan N.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Wild, Oliver
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Transboundary pollution
Climatic changes--Mathematical models
Tropospheric chemistry
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: Model studies typically estimate intercontinental influence on surface ozone by perturbing emissions from a source continent and diagnosing the ozone response in the receptor continent. Since the response to perturbations is non-linear due to chemistry, conclusions drawn from different studies may depend on the magnitude of the applied perturbation. We investigate this issue for intercontinental transport between North America, Europe, and Asia with sensitivity simulations in three global chemical transport models. In each region, we decrease anthropogenic emissions of NOx and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) by 20% and 100%. We find strong nonlinearity in the response to NOx perturbations outside summer, reflecting transitions in the chemical regime for ozone production. In contrast, we find no significant nonlinearity to NOx perturbations in summer or to NMVOC perturbations year-round. The relative benefit of decreasing NOx vs. NMVOC from current levels to abate intercontinental pollution increases with the magnitude of emission reductions.
title: Gesänge und Gebete, welche den 29sten Sivan (den 8ten Juny) des Abends bey der Erscheinung Sr. Königl. Hoheit des Erbprinzen Fridrich von Dännemark und Seiner Gemahlin der Prinzeßin Sophie Friderike, von der hochdeutschen Gemeinde zu Altona in der grossen Synagoge, gehalten worden; [1815]
title: Shira ḥadasha
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Fränkel, Seckel Isaak
name: Friedrich VI., Dänemark, König
name: Marie Sophie Friederike Dänemark, Königin
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Text deutsch und hebräisch
Twenty-first century reversal of the surface ozone seasonal cycle over the northeastern United States
Creators: name: Clifton, Olivia Elaine
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Correa, Gustavo P.
name: Horowitz, Larry W.
name: Naik, Vaishali
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry--Analysis
Seasons
Atmospheric ozone
Climatic changes
Environmental sciences

description: Changing emissions can alter the surface O3 seasonal cycle, as detected from northeastern U.S. (NE) observations during recent decades. Under continued regional precursor emission controls (>80% decreases in NE NOx by 2100), the NE surface O3 seasonal cycle reverses (to a winter maximum) in 21st century transient chemistry-climate simulations. Over polluted regions, regional NOx largely controls the shape of surface O3 seasonal cycles. In the absence of regional NOx controls, climate warming contributes to a higher surface O3 summertime peak over the NE. A doubling of the global CH4 abundance by 2100 partially offsets summertime surface O3 decreases attained via NOx reductions and contributes to raising surface O3 during December–March when the O3 lifetime is longer. The similarity between surface O3 seasonal cycles over the NE and the Intermountain West by 2100 indicates a NE transition to a region representative of baseline surface O3 conditions.
Sequential Bayes Factors for Sample Size Reduction in Preclinical Experiments with Binary Outcomes
Creators: name: Pourmohamad, Tony
name: Wang, Chenguang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Preclinical studies are an integral part of pharmaceutical drug development, yet traditional methods for designing and analyzing these types of studies can be inefficient and wasteful. Even worse, when the units of study are animals, ethical concerns can arise. The 3Rs initiative was established for the ethical treatment of animals through the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal experiments. In this article, we focus on the reduction aspect of the 3Rs initiative through the use of sequential Bayes factors. The use of sequential Bayes factors has the potential to help design more efficient experiments, that can be analyzed sequentially, in order to reduce the average number of animals needed in preclinical studies. An added bonus, sequential Bayes factors provide a means of quantifying evidence both for and against the null hypothesis, a characteristic not common to traditional preclinical trial analysis methods. Illustrations highlighting the success of sequential Bayes factors are provided for two real seven-day preclinical experiments in rats, as well as extensive simulation studies.
Shrinkage estimation methods for subgroup analyses
Creators: name: Riehl, Julian
name: Fritsch, Arno
name: Ickstadt, Katja
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Subgroup analyses increasingly gain importance for pharmaceutical investigations. Conventional approaches for treatment effect estimation are controversial because of multiplicity and small sample sizes within the subsets. Hence, we consider shrinkage estimators, which combine the overall effect estimate with the estimate within a given subgroup by using a Bayesian framework. This paper contains a short introduction to two shrinkage estimation approaches proposed by Dixon and Simon (1991) and by Simon (2002). Our key contribution is to present methodical extensions to enlarge the applicabilities and provide solutions for some computational issues. Besides an application to a real dataset, we perform an extensive simulation study, in which the conventional and the shrinkage approaches are compared under different models and scenarios of a typical clinical phase III design. The simulation results clearly show that the shrinkage approaches provide much better estimates than the conventional approaches according to the mean square error and the interval range under nearly all considered investigation cases. Exceeding advantages can be observed in the case of small sample sizes and low interaction effects. Some issues occur to the width and coverage probability of the credibility intervals concerning particular variants of the shrinkage estimators.
Probing AGN triggering mechanisms through the starburstiness of the host galaxies
Creators: name: Lamastra, Alessandra
name: Menci, Nicola
name: Fiore, Fabrizio
name: Santini, Paola
name: Bongiorno, Angela
name: Piconcelli, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the fraction of AGNs hosted in starburst galaxies (f_bursty) as a function of the AGN luminosity predicted under the assumption that starburst events and AGN activity are triggered by galaxy interactions during their merging histories. The latter are described through Monte Carlo realizations, and are connected to star formation and BH accretion using a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation in a cosmological framework. The predicted fraction f_bursty increases steeply with AGN luminosity from <0.2 at L_X < 10^44 erg/s to >0.9 at L_X > 10^45 erg/s over a wide redshift interval from z=0 to z=6. We compare the model predictions with new measurements of f_bursty from a sample of X-ray selected AGNs in the XMM-COSMOS field at 0.3< z< 2, and from a sample of QSOs (L_X > 10^45 erg/s) in the redshift range 2< z< 6.5. We find preliminary indications that under conservative assumptions half of the QSO hosts are starburst galaxies. This result provide motivation for future systematic studies of the stellar properties of high luminosity AGN hosts in order to constrain AGN triggering mechanisms.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Common fixed points for pairs of mappings with variable contractive parameters
Creators: name: Morales, J. R.
name: Rojas, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47H09, 54H25, 54E50

description: In this paper, we establish some common fixed point results for a new class of pair of contractions mappings having functions as contractive parameters, and satisfying certain commutative properties.
description: Submitted. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1307.4111
title: Information limits of imaging through highly diffusive materials using spatiotemporal measurements of diffuse photons
Creators: name: Radford, Jack
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: Conventional medical imaging instruments are bulky, expensive, and use harmful ionising radiation. Combining ultrafast single-photon detectors and pulsed laser sources at optical wavelengths has the potential to offer inexpensive, safe, and potentially wearable alternatives. However, photons at optical wavelengths are strongly scattered by biological tissue, which corrupts direct imaging information about regions of absorbing interactions below the tissue surface. The work in this thesis studies the potential of measuring indirect imaging information by resolving diffuse photon measurements in space and time. The practical limits of imaging through highly diffusive material, e.g., biological tissue, is explored and validated with experimental measurements. The ill-posed problem of using the information in diffuse photon measurements to reconstruct images at the limits of the highly diffusive regime is tackled using probabilistic machine learning, demonstrating the potential of migrating diffuse optical imaging techniques beyond the currently accepted limits and underlining the importance of uncertainty quantification in reconstructions. The thesis is concluded with a challenging biomedical optics experiment to transmit photons diametrically through an adult human head. This problem was tackled experimentally and numerically using an anatomically accurate Monte Carlo simulation which uncovered key practical considerations when detecting photons at the extreme limits of the highly diffusive regime. Although the experimental measurements were inconclusive, comparisons with the numerical results were promising. More in-depth numerical simulations indicated that light could be guided in regions of low scattering and absorption to reach deep areas inside the head, and photons can, in principle, be transmitted through the entire diameter of the head. The collective evidence presented in this thesis reveals the potential of diffuse optical imaging to extend beyond the currently accepted limits to non-invasively image deep regions of the human body and brain using optical wavelengths.