cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Impact of Antipsychotic Drugs on Weight and Monitoring of Associated Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Adolescents
Creators: name: Ghate, Sameer Ravindra
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2014

description: The objective of the dissertation was to assess 1) trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents (12-19 years), 2) frequency and predictors of regular monitoring of metabolic parameters as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA)/ American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines among adolescents, and 3) association of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) prescriptions with changes in weight, among adolescents on antipsychotics compared to an age and gender matched randomly selected untreated comparison group. An ecologic study for the first objective and retrospective cohort studies for the second and third objective were conducted using a United States national electronic medical records database. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was assessed among exposed and comparison group adolescents during each calendar quarter between years 2000 and 2009. Frequency and predictors of regular monitoring of metabolic parameters were assessed in the second objective using multivariate logistic regression adjusting for covariates. Multivariate linear regression was used in the third objective to assess the percent change in follow-up body mass index (BMI) from baseline among antipsychotic users compared to the comparison group controlling for covariates. Adolescents on antipsychotics had higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than nonusing adolescents. The trend of prevalence of overweight and obesity among male antipsychotic users decreased while the trend of prevalence increased for female antipsychotic users compared to an untreated iv comparison group respectively. The majority of adolescents on antipsychotics were under-monitored for BMI, lipids and glucose levels. Antipsychotic users with preexisting and newly diagnosed metabolic conditions were more likely to be regularly monitored for metabolic parameters than antipsychotic users without such conditions. Treatment with second-generation antipsychotics was associated with significant increase in BMI among adolescents relative to a matched comparison group. Antipsychotic treatment may have differential impact on weight gain in adolescent males and females. Strategies to increase awareness and adherence to ADA/APA guidelines in monitoring metabolic parameters among primary care physicians need to be developed. Weight gain among adolescents on antipsychotics needs to be controlled, or there may be increased use of limited health resources to treat obesity-related diseases in addition to mental health issues when these adolescents become adults.
Higgledy-piggledy sets in projective spaces of small dimension
Creators: name: Denaux, Lins
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B25, 94B05, 51E20, 51E21

description: This work focuses on higgledy-piggledy sets of $k$-subspaces in $\text{PG}(N,q)$, i.e. sets of projective subspaces that are 'well-spread-out'. More precisely, the set of intersection points of these $k$-subspaces with any $(N-k)$-subspace $κ$ of $\text{PG}(N,q)$ spans $κ$ itself. We highlight three methods to construct small higgledy-piggledy sets of $k$-subspaces and discuss, for $k\in\{1,N-2\}$, 'optimal' sets that cover the smallest possible number of points. Furthermore, we investigate small non-trivial higgledy-piggledy sets in $\text{PG}(N,q)$, $N\leqslant5$. Our main result is the existence of six lines of $\text{PG}(4,q)$ in higgledy-piggledy arrangement, two of which intersect. Exploiting the construction methods mentioned above, we also show the existence of six planes of $\text{PG}(4,q)$ in higgledy-piggledy arrangement, two of which maximally intersect, as well as the existence of two higgledy-piggledy sets in $\text{PG}(5,q)$ consisting of eight planes and seven solids, respectively. Finally, we translate these geometrical results to a coding- and graph-theoretical context.
description: [v1] 21 pages, 1 figure [v2] 21 pages, 1 figure: corrected minor details, updated bibliography
Tensor Network States for Vibrational Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Glaser, Nina
name: Baiardi, Alberto
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review elaborates on the foundation, the advantages, and the prospects of tensor network representations for quantum states in vibrational spectroscopy. The focus is on the recently introduced matrix product state decomposition of nuclear quantum states and its optimization by the density matrix renormalization group algorithm.
description: 65 pages, 20 figures
RNA recognition by the nucleoporin Nup153
Creators: name: Ball, Jennifer R.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: RNA Messenger

description: Trafficking events across the nuclear envelope (NE) require specific interactions between cargo-receptor complexes and proteins of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Although great strides have been made to elucidate protein and RNA transport pathways, many aspects of nuclear transport, particularly how cargo interacts with components of the NPC, remain undefined. In order to better understand the interactions that drive RNA export, I have focused on further defining the association between RNA cargo and the nucleoporin Nup153, a central regulator of nuclear transport. Overexpression of a C-terminal fragment of Nup153 in somatic cells inhibited poly(A)+ RNA export suggesting that Nup153 contributes to mRNA export. Further, perturbation of Nup153 function in Xenopus oocytes demonstrated Nup153 is important for mRNA, U snRNA and 5S rRNA export. Moreover, an RNA binding domain was mapped within the N-terminus of Nup 153 and was shown to bind RNA directly. The property of RNA association is conserved in Drosophila, Xenopus and human, underscoring the importance of this domain in higher eukaryotes. Although it is clear that Nup153 function is important for RNA export, exactly how this nuclear pore protein contributes to RNA export is unknown. One way to elucidate how Nup153 interfaces with RNA in the cell is to dissect the interactions mediated by this nucleoporin. Towards this end, the goal of this dissertation is to define the molecular targets of Nup153 in order to better understand the mechanisms by which Nup153, and the pore itself, functions. Initially, I found that the RNA binding domain (RBD) of Nup153 associates with cellular RNA and further characterization of this domain revealed that Nup153 preferentially associates with single-stranded RNA in a manner that distinctly mirrors properties that relay the identity of mRNA to the nuclear export machinery. I have also defined minimal length and base composition requirements for RNA association with Nup153. In collaboration with others, I have correlated Nup153-RNA association with functional RNA export in vivo. These collaborative studies indicate that direct contact between mRNA and Nup153 may occur cooperatively with protein contacts and that this interface between Nup153, mRNA and protein is critical to mRNA export and potentially concurrent mRNP remodeling and quality control.
ENERO: Efficient Real-Time WAN Routing Optimization with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Almasan, Paul
name: Xiao, Shihan
name: Cheng, Xiangle
name: Shi, Xiang
name: Barlet-Ros, Pere
name: Cabellos-Aparicio, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Wide Area Networks (WAN) are a key infrastructure in today's society. During the last years, WANs have seen a considerable increase in network's traffic and network applications, imposing new requirements on existing network technologies (e.g., low latency and high throughput). Consequently, Internet Service Providers (ISP) are under pressure to ensure the customer's Quality of Service and fulfill Service Level Agreements. Network operators leverage Traffic Engineering (TE) techniques to efficiently manage network's resources. However, WAN's traffic can drastically change during time and the connectivity can be affected due to external factors (e.g., link failures). Therefore, TE solutions must be able to adapt to dynamic scenarios in real-time. In this paper we propose Enero, an efficient real-time TE solution based on a two-stage optimization process. In the first one, Enero leverages Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to optimize the routing configuration by generating a long-term TE strategy. To enable efficient operation over dynamic network scenarios (e.g., when link failures occur), we integrated a Graph Neural Network into the DRL agent. In the second stage, Enero uses a Local Search algorithm to improve DRL's solution without adding computational overhead to the optimization process. The experimental results indicate that Enero is able to operate in real-world dynamic network topologies in 4.5 seconds on average for topologies up to 100 edges.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclooxygenase two gene in colon carcinoma
Creators: name: Carlson, Mary Lee
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Physiopathology
Cycloxygenases
Pathophysiology
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide Synthase

description: The transcriptional regulation of the cyclooxygenase-two gene is the focus of this dissertation. An important feature of the carcinogenic process of the colon involves the constitutive activation of the cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) gene instead of its typical mode of induction by growth factors, tumor promoters, and inflammatory cytokines. Here we test the role that a basal regulatory protein Pontin52 plays in this process along with another protein, LEF-1, which is important in Wnt signaling. We find that overexpression of LEF-1 cDNA is sufficient to increase cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activity 1.8-fold by a reporter assay. Similarly, overexpression of Pontin52 increases COX-2 promoter activity 3- to 5-fold; a strong synergistic response is observed with the overexpression of LEF-1 and Pontin52 together. Deregulation of Wnt pathway proteins, LEF-1 and Pontin52, therefore, contributes to the up-regulation of COX-2 transcriptionally. Increased mRNA levels for COX-2 and Pontin52 are observed for cancer tissues as compared to normal colonic mucosa by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. COX-2 is a downstream target of Wnt and TGF-beta; pathways. We find that the COX-2 promoter is activated synergistically by the overexpression of LEF-1/beta-catenin, and a constitutively active TGF-beta; type I receptor. Mutational analysis of putative Smad and LEF-1 binding sites suggests that the effect mediated on the COX-2 promoter is through basal transcriptional machinery proteins. Thus, a downstream consequence of dysregulation is the overexpression of COX-2 which then contributes to the carcinogenic potential of the cell. Additionally, we test the role of a variant allele of the COX-2 promoter in transcriptional regulation. Although a significantly higher frequency of homozygosity for the variant allele is found in colon cancer cell lines as compared to a collection of random parent DNAs in the Utah and CEPH family sets, no increased frequency of homozygosity is observed in a tissue analysis of normal mucosa, polyp, and colon cancer DNA. The presence of this variant allele, therefore, plays no role in conferring an increased susceptibility in developing colon carcinoma and fails to increase promoter activity. Finally, models are proposed to address the mechanisms by which these regulatory proteins act to effect the COX-2 promoter.
An educational intervention to increase advance directive completion in the intensive care unit
Creators: name: Awad, Nancy
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Advance care planning (ACP) enables and empowers individuals to drive their medical care, especially once they become incapacitated by disease or terminal illness. Advance directives (ADs) have proven to decrease end-of-life expenditures by Medicare. In addition, completion of an AD increases the probability of medical care that coincides with the patient’s wishes and decreases decision-making burden for the family and physicians.Purpose of ProjectThe purpose of this quality improvement project is to assess the effectiveness in increasing advance directive completion rates by offering an educational intervention for healthcare providers about advance care planning. MethodologyThis quality improvement project was designed with implementation of a pre- and post-test survey design to measure healthcare provider knowledge on proper ACP approaches. Thirty healthcare providers (internal medicine residents and advanced nurse practitioners) that rotate through the intensive care unit (ICU) were offered education on advance care planning utilizing conversation guides and a presentation developed by the head of palliative care at Johns Hopkins Hospital. The number of ADs on file in the ICU pre-implementation and post-implementation was evaluated by counting the number of ADs on file 3 months prior to implementation compared to the number of ADs on file over a 3-month period after implementation. ResultsA paired-samples t-test was used to compare the pre- and post-test survey results in order to determine the association between reinforced healthcare education and AD completion over a 6-month period. The findings revealed a statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-test scores, with an overall increase in scores post educational sessions. The paired-samples t-test indicated that scores were significantly higher post-implementation (M = 39.5, SD = 7.5) than pre-implementation (M = 30.5, SD = 5.8), t(29) = -6.8, p < .05, d = 1.34. In addition, a clinical significance was noted in the number of ADs on file prior to and after implementation. The number of ADs on file increased from 3 to 7 after implementing this quality improvement project.Implications for PracticeBased on the findings of this project, interventions to inform healthcare providers about the ACP process should be considered as part of clinical practice. It is strongly suggested that healthcare providers receive periodic updates regarding the ACP process in addition to receiving conversation tools for guidance. If the findings of this intervention could be applied to the overall hospital population, then this simple intervention would likely result in a significant increase in completed ADs overall. Thus, the objective of providing medical care that coincides with ones’ wishes and improved outcomes at the end of life would be a closer reality.
Synthesis of fluorinated analogs of oxidative DNA lesions and their use to probe features of recognition and repair by base excision repair glycosylases
Creators: name: Cao, Sheng
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: DNA lesions
Base excision repair
Glycosylases

description: Damage to DNA occurs through various sources, both exogenous and endogenous. Base lesions resulting from the oxidation of guanine include 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), guanidinohydantoin (Gh), and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp). These modified bases can form mismatches and lead to a G - C and G - T transversion mutations in DNA. Fortunately, these lesions are recognized and removed by DNA repair glycosylases found in all organisms. This work explores the features of recognition and repair of these oxidized guanine lesions by a diverse set of base excision glycosylases (MutY, Fpg, hOGG1, Nei, hNEIL1) using synthesized 2' fluorinated nucleosides such as 2'-fluoro-adenosine (FA), 2'-fluoro-8-oxo-guanosine (FOG), 2'-fluoro-guanidinohydan-toin (FGh), and 2'-fluoro-spiroiminodihydantoin (FSp).
Tre famiglie di asteroidi all’origine delle meteoriti
Creators: Albino Carbognani
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Un team internazionale di ricercatori ha portato prove a supporto del fatto che il 70% di tutte le meteoriti note ha avuto origine da tre giovani famiglie di asteroidi, note come Karin, Koronis e Massalia, dagli asteroidi capostipite, e formatesi in seguito a tre eventi di collisione fra gli asteroidi nella Fascia Principale avvenuti circa 5.8, 7.5 e 40 milioni di anni fa. In particolare, la famiglia di Massalia è stata identificata come la sorgente del 37% delle meteoriti conosciute
Routing brain traffic through the von Neumann bottleneck: Efficient cache usage in spiking neural network simulation code on general purpose computers
Creators: name: Pronold, Jari
name: Jordan, Jakob
name: Wylie, Brian J. N.
name: Kitayama, Itaru
name: Diesmann, Markus
name: Kunkel, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simulation is a third pillar next to experiment and theory in the study of complex dynamic systems such as biological neural networks. Contemporary brain-scale networks correspond to directed graphs of a few million nodes, each with an in-degree and out-degree of several thousands of edges, where nodes and edges correspond to the fundamental biological units, neurons and synapses, respectively. When considering a random graph, each node's edges are distributed across thousands of parallel processes. The activity in neuronal networks is also sparse. Each neuron occasionally transmits a brief signal, called spike, via its outgoing synapses to the corresponding target neurons. This spatial and temporal sparsity represents an inherent bottleneck for simulations on conventional computers: Fundamentally irregular memory-access patterns cause poor cache utilization. Using an established neuronal network simulation code as a reference implementation, we investigate how common techniques to recover cache performance such as software-induced prefetching and software pipelining can benefit a real-world application. The algorithmic changes reduce simulation time by up to 50%. The study exemplifies that many-core systems assigned with an intrinsically parallel computational problem can overcome the von Neumann bottleneck of conventional computer architectures.
Learning of Parameters in Behavior Trees for Movement Skills
Creators: name: Mayr, Matthias
name: Chatzilygeroudis, Konstantinos
name: Ahmad, Faseeh
name: Nardi, Luigi
name: Krueger, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful mathematical framework that allows robots to learn complex skills by trial-and-error. Despite numerous successes in many applications, RL algorithms still require thousands of trials to converge to high-performing policies, can produce dangerous behaviors while learning, and the optimized policies (usually modeled as neural networks) give almost zero explanation when they fail to perform the task. For these reasons, the adoption of RL in industrial settings is not common. Behavior Trees (BTs), on the other hand, can provide a policy representation that a) supports modular and composable skills, b) allows for easy interpretation of the robot actions, and c) provides an advantageous low-dimensional parameter space. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm that can learn the parameters of a BT policy in simulation and then generalize to the physical robot without any additional training. We leverage a physical simulator with a digital twin of our workstation, and optimize the relevant parameters with a black-box optimizer. We showcase the efficacy of our method with a 7-DOF KUKA-iiwa manipulator in a task that includes obstacle avoidance and a contact-rich insertion (peg-in-hole), in which our method outperforms the baselines.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted at 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
Mean and turbulent motion in and above a canyon
Creators: name: Lyon, James Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wind
Turbulence
Canyons

description: F i e l d measurements and wind tunnel simulations of a canyon wind have been conducted. It is found that the main characteristics of the vertical distribution of the mean canyon wind are : (1) a strong jet flow fills the entire depth of the canyon, (2) a change in wind direction at about the canyon top, and (3) a comparatively weak return flow of about the same depth as the canyon jet occurs above the canyon top with its maximum about 25% of the maximum of the canyon jet.  Simulation of the canyon flow in the wind tunnel reveals similar characteristics in the mean velocity profile measured in the canyon.  It is also found that the maximum intensities of the longitudinal and vertical components of the turbulent motion as well as the vertical eddy transport of longitudinal momentum occurs near the maximum shear  of the mean velocity in the flow.  By assuming similarity between the flows in the canyon and wind tunnel, estimations are made of the maximum intensities of the longitudinal and vertical components of the turbulent motion and the vertical eddy transport of longitudinal momentum in the canyon.
Pianeta roccioso in orbita attorno a una nana bianca
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Osservato a quattromila anni luce da noi, in direzione della costellazione del Sagittario, un mondo simile a quello che potrebbe essere la Terra fra qualche miliardo di anni, quando il Sole, superata la fase di gigante rossa, sarà diventato una nana bianca. La sua esistenza suggerisce che anche il nostro pianeta potrebbe in futuro sopravvivere alla fine del Sole
Configuration entropy and stability of bottomonium radial excitations in a plasma with magnetic fields
Creators: name: Braga, Nelson R. F.
name: Ferreira, Yan F.
name: Ferreira, Luiz F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy vector mesons produced in a heavy ion collision are important sources of information about the quark gluon plasma (QGP). For instance, the fraction of bottomonium states observed in such a collision is altered by the dissociation effect caused by the plasma. So, it is very important to understand how the properties of the plasma, like temperature $(T)$, density and the presence of background magnetic fields $(eB)$, affect the dissociation of bottomonium in the thermal medium. AdS/QCD holographic models provide a tool for investigating the properties of heavy mesons inside a thermal medium. The meson states are represented by quasinormal modes in a black hole geometry. In this work we calculate the quasinormal modes and the associated complex frequencies for the four lowest levels of radial excitation of bottomonium inside a plasma with a magnetic field background. We also calculate the differential configuration entropy (DCE) for all these states and investigate how the dissociation effect produced by the magnetic field is translated into a dependence of the DCE on $eB$. An interesting result obtained in this study is that the DCE increases with the radial excitation level $n$. Also, a nontrivial finding of this work is that the energy density associated with the bottomonium quasinormal modes presents a singularity near the black hole horizon for some combination of values of $T, eB$ and $n$. As we show here, it is possible to separate the singular factor and define a square integrable quantity that provides a DCE that is always finite. In addition, we discovered that, working with the potentially singular energy density, one finds a very interesting way to use the DCE as a tool for determining the dissociation temperature of the meson quasisates.
description: 22 pages, 2 tables and 10 figures with 26 subfigures in total. In version 2, we show an original result concerning the use of the differential configuration entropy to characterize the dissociation temperature of the physical system studied. Some clarifications were also included
International consultation by United States nurses: a descriptive study
Creators: name: Andrews, Margaret M
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Manpower
Cross-Cultural Communication

description: Since the influence of United States Nursing; is far-reaching both geographically and ideologically, United States nurses are frequently asked to serve as consultants to other countries. This was an exploratory/descriptive study of United States nurses who have engaged in international consultation during the past 7 years. Two sets of data were used in the study. The first set consisted of the responses to a 12-page questionnaire which was completed by 93 informants, while the second set of data provided the content analysis of 25 interviews. Included in the data analysis were a demographic profile of the consultants, including the manner in which they had prepared for their international experience; reasons for engaging in international consultation; the nature of advice given in the areas of clinical practice, education, research, administration, attitudes and beliefs about what consultants can learn from and contribute to other countries; ways of adapting advice to make it culturally relevant and effective in its context; and problems encountered while consulting including discrepancies between consultant and client expectations and moral/ethical dilemmas. Identified from the data were conceptual components which could be used in developing a model program to prepare nurses for international consultation. Although specialization for international consultation was proposed at the master's level, suggestions were made for integration of concepts related to international health from the baccalaureate through the doctoral levels of education.
Vado al massimo: siamo all’apice del ciclo solare
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

L’attività magnetica del Sole si è intensificata negli ultimi mesi, con un aumento delle macchie solari e dei fenomeni di space weather. Aurore boreali, ma non solo, anche tempeste geomagnetiche che potrebbero interferire con le attività umane. Con un commento della coordinatrice del progetto Sorvegliati spaziali dell’Inaf Daria Guidetti
Global Warming And Distribution Of Root-Knot Nematode Species Of The Tropical Group (Melotrop)
Creators: name: Sirca, Sasa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Euphresco, Meloidoigyne, root-knot nematode, tropical, distribution, survival ability, models

description: Slide of Euphresco project 2016-A-199 'Global warming and distribution of root-knot nematode species of the tropical group (MeloTrop)'
description: Project funded through the Euphresco network
Homeotic genes and regional specification in Drosophila: characterization of the abdominalA gene and mechanisms of transcriptional control by homeotic proteins
Creators: name: Appel, Bruce
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Mutation
Proteins
Transcription, Genetic

description: During animal development, different regions of an embryo acquire distinct identities.  In Drosophila melanogaster, morphological distinctions along the anterior-posterior axis require the function of homeotic genes. Homeotic genes are expressed in complex, overlapping patterns along the anterior-posterior axis in a manner that suggests they provide positional information to the developing organism. The homeotic genes encode related proteins that can control the transcriptional activity of other genes. Thus, regional identity appears to arise from position-specific patterns of gene expression under the control of homeotic genes. One of the homeotic genes, abdominal-A, is shown here to encode multiple, electrophorelically distinct proteins and to be expressed in different types of cells and tissues. Some of the cell-specific expression of abdominal-A protein is shown to be controlled post-transcriptionally. Finally, by studying the control of a regulatory target regulated by abdominal-A and another homeotic gene, Ultrabithorax, I demonstrate that homeotic proteins establish cell-type-specific, regional patterns of gene expression through complex interactions with the control elements of their target genes.
Nuove frontiere dell’ingegneria medica sulla Iss
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

È quasi pronto al lancio un esperimento di rigenerazione di tessuti epatici in microgravità. Sviluppato in un laboratorio dell’Università della California, porterà sulla Stazione spaziale internazionale un nuovo bioreattore sul quale verranno fatte crescere cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte. Il team sta studiando anche nuovi metodi di crioconservazione per riportare i tessuti sulla Terra senza alterarli
Marte scolpito da ghiacci e venti
Creators: Chiara Badia
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

L’orbiter Mars Express dell’Esa, l’Agenzia spaziale europea, ha recentemente catturato immagini straordinarie del paesaggio marziano, rivelando una serie di formazioni curiose e affascinanti nella regione polare meridionale e offrendo nuove prospettive sui processi geologici e climatici del pianeta
Avanzano i preparativi verso Apophis
Creators: Rossella Spiga
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Dopo il lancio di Hera, si pensa già alla prossima missione di difesa planetaria: Ramses. Avrà l’obiettivo di raggiungere e studiare l’asteroide Apophis, che passerà a “soli” 32mila chilometri dalla Terra nel 2029. In attesa dell’approvazione definitiva del Consiglio ministeriale dell’Esa del 2025, ieri allo Iac di Milano è stata presentata ufficialmente la missione ed è stato firmato un accordo da 63 milioni di euro grazie al finanziamento dell’Agenzia spaziale italiana
Beam smoothing based on prism pair for multistep pulse compressor in PW lasers
Creators: name: Du, Shuman
name: Shen, Xiong
name: Liang, Wenhai
name: Wang, Peng
name: Liu, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-short ultra-intense laser provides unprecedented experimental tools and extreme physical conditions to explore frontier secrets of nature. Recently, multistep pulse compressor (MPC) was proposed to break through the limitation of the size and damage threshold of the grating in the compressor during the realization of higher peak power laser. In the MPC methods, beam smoothing in the pre-compressor is a very important process. Here, beam smoothing based on prism pair were studied technically, in which both the spatial profiles and the spectral dispersive properties were analyzed in detail. The simulation results show clearly that the prism pair can effectively smooth the laser beam. Furthermore, the beam smoothing is much more efficiency with shorter separated distance if two prism pairs are arranged to induce spatial dispersion at one direction or two directions. The results of beam smoothing here will help the optimized optical designs in all PW laser systems to improve their output and running safety.
description: 12pages,7figures,
Hubble domina il tempo di R Aquarii
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Arriva da Hubble un affresco intenso e colorato di una delle stelle più vivaci della nostra galassia, che tesse un enorme disegno a spirale tra le stelle. Le immagini acquisite dal telescopio ne catturano i dettagli e l’evoluzione, e sono state raccolte in un imperdibile timelapse
An extension of the order-preserving mapping to the WENO-Z-type schemes
Creators: name: Li, Ruo
name: Zhong, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In our latest studies, by introducing the novel order-preserving (OP) criterion, we have successfully addressed the widely concerned issue of the previously published mapped weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes that it is rather difficult to achieve high resolutions on the premise of removing spurious oscillations for long-run simulations of the hyperbolic systems. In the present study, we extend the OP criterion to the WENO-Z-type schemes as the forementioned issue has also been extensively observed numerically for these schemes. Firstly, we innovatively present the concept of the generalized mapped WENO schemes by rewriting the Z-type weights in a uniform formula from the perspective of the mapping relation. Then, we naturally introduce the OP criterion to improve the WENO-Z-type schemes, and the resultant schemes are denoted as MOP-GMWENO-X. Finally, extensive numerical experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the benefits of these new schemes. We draw the conclusion that, the convergence propoties of the proposed schemes are equivalent to the corresponding WENO-X schemes. The major benefit of the new schemes is that they have the capacity to achieve high resolutions and simultaneously remove spurious oscillations for long simulations. The new schemes have the additional benefit that they can greatly decrease the post-shock oscillations on solving 2D Euler problems with strong shock waves.
Pareva una nana bruna, invece erano due
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

La sua rivelazione, nel 1994, ha rappresentato la prima prova indiscussa dell'esistenza delle nane brune, una classe di oggetti celesti fino ad allora solo teorizzata. Ora, a distanza di trent'anni, un team di ricercatori del Caltech ha scoperto che Gliese 229B, questo il nome del corpo celeste, è in realtà un sistema di due nane brune. Tutti i dettagli su Nature
Alla ricerca di esopianeti terrestri con atmosfera
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Un team di astronomi dell'Università di Chicago ha sperimentato un metodo semplice e preciso per determinare se gli esopianeti hanno o meno un'atmosfera, applicandolo al mondo roccioso Gj 1132 b. Lo studio rappresenta un passo avanti per saperne di più sulla potenziale abitabilità di pianeti lontani ed è stato possibile grazie alle misure del telescopio spaziale James Webb. Tutti i dettagli su ApJ Letters
A Sara Lucatello il premio Columbus per la scienza
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Lo scorso 12 ottobre si è svolta la cerimonia di conferimento dei premi “Columbus” promossi dal Rotary Club Firenze Est. Il tradizionale riconoscimento è andato a Salvatore Settis per la cultura, a Marco Bitossi per l’impresa e, per la scienza, a Sara Lucatello, astrofisica all’Inaf di Padova e presidente della European Astronomical Society
A faith-based educational program to increase hypertension knowledge amongst African Americans
Creators: name: Azuaru, Josephine Ugochi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Purpose of Project: The intent of this DNP project is to determine if a faith-based education program would improve the knowledge related to understanding hypertension and its related diseases amongst African American adults. Methodology: Participants completed a hypertension questionnaire before the education session and then after. The sessions were implemented within small groups within a faith-based organization. The study took place over a two week time frame. 20 participants participated in the study. Results: Study results were collected and data analysis was done comparing pre-test scores and post-test scores. The results showed an increase in knowledge after the session as compared to the pre-implementation phase. Implications for Practice: The African American church is viewed as a place of refuge and trust. And it's because of this that faith-based organizations play such a significant role in improving the health of its members and it also is a place of support which can be helpful in providing for health maintenance behaviors.
Si salvi chi può dal getto di M87
Creators: Federica Loiacono
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Analizzando alcune immagini della galassia M87 realizzate con Hubble, un team di ricercatori guidati dalla Stanford University si è accorto che le esplosioni stellari dette “novae” sono due volte più comuni in prossimità del gigantesco getto di materiale prodotto dal buco nero supermassiccio che nel resto della galassia. Il meccanismo responsabile del fenomeno è attualmente avvolto nel mistero
title: Temps dip deeper
title: temporary employment and the midlife nadir in human well-being
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Piper, Alan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: temporary employment
subject: permanent employment
subject: age
subject: life satisfaction
subject: SOEP
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::336 Öffentliche Finanzen

description: Temporary employees rank lower than permanent employees on various measures of mental and physical health, including well-being. In parallel, much research has shown that the relationship between age and well-being traces an approximate U-shape, with a nadir in midlife. Temporary employment may well have different associations with well-being across the lifespan, likely harming people in midlife more than at the start of their working lives. Using over twenty years of the German Socio-economic panel (SOEP), this investigation considers the relationship between temporary employment, age and well-being. In doing so, it both sheds new light on the relationship between temporary employment and well-being, and explores a reason for the oft-found U-shaped relationship between age and well-being. The results show that temporary employment deepens the U-shape in midlife, and that this result holds when many socioeconomic factors as well as the industry, region, cohort, personality, employment security and job worries are taken into account. Furthermore, the investigation considers transitions between permanent and temporary employment and uses these to assess causation and selection.
Brief an [Johann III] Bernoulli
Creators: name: Lalande, Joseph Jérôme Le Français de
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1769

description: von [Joseph Jérôme Le François] Delalande
description: Mit Spuren von einer roten Oblate
description: Unterschrift autograph
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Französisch
description: Druck: Bernoulli: Recueil pour les astronomes 1,1771, 54-55
description: Bl.88: astronomische Berechnungen (1 Bl.)
Three-dimensional potential vorticity structures for extreme precipitation events on the convective scale
Creators: name: Müller, Annette
name: Niedrich, Benjamin
name: Névir, Peter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: potential vorticity
subject: twisting term
subject: vorticity equation
subject: extreme precipitation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Three-dimensional potential vorticity (PV) structures on the convective scale during extreme precipitation events are investigated. Using the high resolution COSMO-REA2 data set, 3D composites of the PV, with and without Coriolis parameter and related variables, are evaluated for different classes of precipitation intensity. The development of a significant horizontal dipole structure in the immediate vicinity of the precipitation maximum and the updraft can be explained by the twisting term in the vorticity equation. This is because the vorticity equation is proportional to the PV equation for strong convective processes. This theoretical is important on the convective scale without the consideration of the Coriolis effect, which is a typical characteristic on the synoptic scale. In accordance to previous studies, the horizontal PV dipole is statistically confirmed by 3D composites of the PV and corresponding variables. We show that the dipole structures are especially distinct for the relative PV without Coriolis parameter and the relative vorticity. On the convective scale, the thermodynamical sources and sinks of the potential vorticity indicate the diabatic processes that are related to conservative vortex dynamics via the proportionality of the diabatic heating and the vertical velocity. This work confirms that the PV equation is an important tool in atmospheric dynamics that unifies the thermodynamical processes as well as the dynamical processes into one scalar.
Urano per due: Hubble e New Horizons insieme
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Il telescopio spaziale Hubble e la sonda New Horizons hanno puntato contemporaneamente gli occhi su Urano, permettendo agli scienziati di fare un confronto diretto tra le immagini del pianeta visto da due punti di vista molto diversi. Questa prospettiva combinata aiuterà gli scienziati a capire meglio cosa aspettarsi dall'acquisizione di immagini di pianeti intorno ad altre stelle con i futuri telescopi
Ecco le prime pagine dell’atlante cosmico di Euclid
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Decine di milioni di stelle e galassie illuminano il primo tassello della grande mappa dell’universo in corso di realizzazione da parte del satellite Euclid dell’Agenzia spaziale europea (Esa), rilasciato oggi in occasione dell’International Astronautical Congress a Milano
Photonic $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological Anderson insulators
Creators: name: Cui, Xiaohan
name: Zhang, Ruo-Yang
name: Zhang, Zhao-Qing
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: That disorder can induce nontrivial topology is a surprising discovery in topological physics. As a typical example, Chern topological Anderson insulators (TAIs) have been realized in photonic systems, where the topological phases exist without symmetry protection. In this work, by taking TM and TE polarizations as pseudo-spin degrees of freedom, we theoretically propose a scheme to realize disorder-induced symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phase transitions in two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) with a combined time-reversal, mirror and duality symmetry $\mathcal{T}_f=\mathcal{T}M_z\mathcal{D}$. In particular, we demonstrate that the disorder-induced SPT phase persists even without pseudo-spin conservation, thereby realizing a photonic $\mathbb{Z}_2$ TAI, in contrast to a $\mathbb{Z}$-classified quantum spin Hall (QSH) TAI with decoupled spins. By formulating a new scattering approach, we show that the topology of both the QSH and $\mathbb{Z}_2$ TAIs can be manifested by the accumulated spin rotations of the reflected waves from the PCs. Using a transmission structure, we also illustrate the trivialization of a disordered QSH phase with an even integer topological index caused by spin coupling.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental materials (24 pages, 14 figures) are added
Brief an [Johann III Bernoulli]
Creators: name: Lalande, Joseph Jérôme Le Français de
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1771

description: von [Joseph Jérôme Le François] Dela Lande
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Französisch
description: Teilabdruck: Bernoulli: Lettres astronomiques, 1771, 148
Comparison of high school future nurse club members with nonmembers on opinions about mental illness
Creators: name: Helm, Sandra Berlin
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Opinions
Mental Illness
High SchoolOpinions
High School

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any significant differences in the opinions towards mental illness between high school Future Nurse Club members and high school non-future Nurse Club members.  Cohen and Struening's (1960) Opinions About Mental Illness Scale which measures five opinion factors was given to 52 high school members of the Future Nurse Clubs and to 48 nonmembers who were from the same high schools and grade levels.  T tests were computed to determine any significant differences between the FN and NN groups on the five opinion factors.  The FN and NN groups were also compared on the variables of high school, grade level, and social class according to the parents' occupations.  There were not significant differences between the FN and NN groups on the five areas of opinions towards mental illness.  Differences which occurred in the comparison of FN and NN opinions with high school taken into account, indicated that in on high school the NN group and a more favorable score on Unsophisticated Benevolence, and in a second high school the NN group scored more favorably on Interpersonal Etiology.  In the lower class category, the FN group was more favorable on Social Restrictiveness than in the NN group.  When students from the FN and NN groups were combined according to grade level, the results indicated that the twelfth grade group rated more favorable on Mental Hygiene Ideology than did either the tenth grade or eleventh grade groups.  Separate chi-squares were computed to determine if FN members had more acquaintance with a professional person who works with people having emotional problems than nonmembers and if FN members had more friends or family members who had been mentally ill and did NN members.  The results indicated that FN members were acquainted with more professional people who worked with the mentally ill.  There was no significant difference between the FN and NN group on having a friend or family member who has been mentally ill.  A greater percentage of students appeared to have more interest in areas of nursing that had to do with working with people than in the technical aspect, such as assisting in the operating room.  Since being a member of the Future Nurse Club did not appear to influence opinions significantly, one implication might be that experiences need to be planned in the programs of the Future Nurse Clubs so that members do learn more favorable attitudes toward people who are mentally ill.  This could aid recruitment into psychiatric nursing, as it is assumed that nurses with more favorable attitudes toward the mentally would be more likely to select psychiatric nursing as a field of practice
Go, Europa Clipper! Go!
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2024

Si è alzata ieri in volo dal Kennedy Space Center della Nasa alle 12:06 ora locale, le 18:06 qui in Italia, spinta dai 27 motori Merlin del Falcon Heavy. Destinazione: la luna gioviana Europa. Il viaggio lungo circa tre miliardi di chilometri di Europa Clipper, la più grande navicella spaziale che la Nasa abbia mai costruito per una missione planetaria, è cominciato. L'arrivo a destinazione è previsto nel 2030