cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Black Masculinity: An Examination of the Strategies used by Black Men to Deal with Pressure to Conform to Masculinity
Creators: name: Mathews, Allison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Few sociologists have examined whether the support systems that stigmatized people use to deal with intolerance also serve as sources of strain. I address this by studying how black heterosexual and gay men handle pressures to conform to traditional masculine behaviors and how sources of support simultaneously serve as sources of strain. The sample consisted of 29 black men (8 gay, 3 bisexual, 19 heterosexual) at three major universities in the south, ages 18 to 23. I used a snowball sample of black gay and heterosexual students involved in student-led campus organizations and their friends. Through participant observation at the student organizations and open-ended interviews, I examined their strategies for dealing with pressure to conform to masculine norms and/or combat the stigma of homosexuality. This exploratory study examines the relationships between stigmatized identities, perceived social attitudes toward masculinity, and strategies to deal with pressures to conform to masculinity. The data showed a pattern of black men creating boundaries between themselves and stigmatized others in lower statuses to combat heterosexist and racist discrimination. However, the men's boundary making and defensive othering served to reproduce the inequality they opposed.
Impact of a rigid sphere onto an elastic membrane
Creators: name: Agüero, Elvis A.
name: Alventosa, Luke
name: Harris, Daniel M.
name: Galeano-Rios, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the axisymmetric impact of a rigid sphere onto an elastic membrane theoretically and experimentally. We derive governing equations from first principles and impose natural kinematic and geometric constraints for the coupled motion of the sphere and the membrane during contact. The free-boundary problem of finding the contact surface, over which forces caused by the collision act, is solved by an iterative method. This results in a model that produces detailed predictions of the trajectory of the sphere, the deflection of the membrane, and the pressure distribution during contact. Our model predictions are validated against our direct experimental measurements. Moreover, we identify new phenomena regarding the behaviour of the coefficient of restitution for low impact velocities, the possibility of multiple contacts during a single rebound, and energy recovery on subsequent bounces. Insight obtained from this model problem in contact mechanics can inform ongoing efforts towards the development of predictive models for contact problems that arise naturally in multiple engineering applications.
Pure virtual braids, resonance, and formality
Creators: name: Suciu, Alexander I.
name: Wang, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F36, 16S37, 20F14, 20F40, 20J05, 55P62, 57M07

description: We investigate the resonance varieties, lower central series ranks, and Chen ranks of the pure virtual braid groups and their upper-triangular subgroups. As an application, we give a complete answer to the 1-formality question for this class of groups. In the process, we explore various connections between the Alexander-type invariants of a finitely generated group and several of the graded Lie algebras associated to it, and discuss possible extensions of the resonance-Chen ranks formula in this context.
description: 31 pages; accepted for publication in Mathematische Zeitschrift
Identifying Galaxy Mergers in Simulated CEERS NIRCam Images using Random Forests
Creators: name: Rose, Caitlin
name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
name: Snyder, Gregory F.
name: Rodriguez-Gomez, Vicente
name: Yung, L. Y. Aaron
name: Haro, Pablo Arrabal
name: Bagley, Micaela B.
name: Calabrò, Antonello
name: Cleri, Nikko J.
name: Cooper, M. C.
name: Costantin, Luca
name: Croton, Darren
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Häußler, Boris
name: Holwerda, Benne W.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Kurczynski, Peter
name: Lucas, Ray A.
name: Mantha, Kameswara Bharadwaj
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Pérez-González, Pablo G.
name: Pirzkal, Nor
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Straughn, Amber N.
name: Tacchella, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying merging galaxies is an important - but difficult - step in galaxy evolution studies. We present random forest classifications of galaxy mergers from simulated JWST images based on various standard morphological parameters. We describe (a) constructing the simulated images from IllustrisTNG and the Santa Cruz SAM, and modifying them to mimic future CEERS observations as well as nearly noiseless observations, (b) measuring morphological parameters from these images, and (c) constructing and training the random forests using the merger history information for the simulated galaxies available from IllustrisTNG. The random forests correctly classify $\sim60\%$ of non-merging and merging galaxies across $0.5 < z < 4.0$. Rest-frame asymmetry parameters appear more important for lower redshift merger classifications, while rest-frame bulge and clump parameters appear more important for higher redshift classifications. Adjusting the classification probability threshold does not improve the performance of the forests. Finally, the shape and slope of the resulting merger fraction and merger rate derived from the random forest classifications match with theoretical Illustris predictions, but are underestimated by a factor of $\sim 0.5$.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, submitted to ApJ
Nucleon structure functions at small $x$ via holographic Pomeron exchange
Creators: name: Watanabe, Akira
name: Suzuki, Katsuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis on nucleon structure functions at small Bjorken $x$ in the framework of holographic QCD is presented. In the model setup, the complicated nonperturbative interaction between the virtual photon and the target nucleon is described via the Pomeron exchange, which corresponds to the reggeized graviton exchange in the AdS space. We show that our calculations for both $F_2$ and $F_L$ structure functions are in agreement with the experimental data measured at HERA.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR2015), 25-28 May 2015, Osaka, Japan
Biofilms in healthcare: difficulty in removal
Creators: name: Parvin, MST Farhana
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Hospital surfaces and medical devices play important role in infection transmission. Bacteria typically attach to surfaces and exude a slimy matrix mostly consisting of protein, carbohydrate, and DNA that surrounds and shields them from the external environment, eventually forming a mature biofilm. Furthermore, recent discoveries of biofilms on dry hospital surfaces and the continuing problem of biofilms protecting pathogens in endoscopes highlight the limitations of existing cleaning and disinfection procedures. Biofilms on surfaces act as a reservoir for pathogens and thus increases the likelihood of HAI (Healthcare associated infection) transmission and development. Therefore, cleaning, and disinfecting surfaces of healthcare settings is critical for avoiding HAI and ensuring patient safety. Aims of this study: 1) To compare surface roughness and bacterial attachment in used and new endoscope channels in vivo and in vitro. 2) To determine dry surface biofilm (DSB) removal using standard wiping process. 3) To compare the effectiveness of different commercial surgical washes containing commonly used topical antimicrobial agents against various bacterial species using biofilm models that use different culture conditions. 4) To determine the efficacy of combined chemical (antimicrobial instillation) and physical (negative pressure wound therapy- NPWT) against multispecies bacterial biofilm. 5) To investigate the phenotypic and ultrastructural changes of Staphylococcus aureus grown under different culture conditions. This study revealed that: 1) Increased surface roughness is involved with bacterial attachment and biofilm formation in endoscope channels. 2) Staphylococcus aureus dry DSB is significantly more difficult to remove than dried planktonic bacteria. In addition, DSB is hard to completely remove even wiping in moistened condition. 3) Efficacy of surgical washes vary depending on the bacterial growth mode, bacterial species, and wash additives. 4) Combined physical (NPWT) and chemical (instillation antimicrobials) treatment was more effective than physical treatment alone against multispecies bacterial biofilm. 5) Growth conditions and age of culture has a major impact on cell wall synthesis. Decreased water availability resulted in the thickest cell wall and greatest amount of EPS (Extracellular polymeric substances). Overall, this study demonstrated that conventional infection control measures are insufficient to remove/kill mature biofilm and therefore additional research into optimising cleaning and disinfection needs to be conducted with the of decreasing HAI and ensuring patient safety. Furthermore, ultrastructural studies revealed that the thickened cell wall of DSB might contribute to DSB antimicrobial resistance and could be a target for new effective disinfectants.
Evolutionary Quantum Architecture Search for Parametrized Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Ding, Li
name: Spector, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advancements in quantum computing have shown promising computational advantages in many problem areas. As one of those areas with increasing attention, hybrid quantum-classical machine learning systems have demonstrated the capability to solve various data-driven learning tasks. Recent works show that parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) can be used to solve challenging reinforcement learning (RL) tasks with provable learning advantages. While existing works yield potentials of PQC-based methods, the design choices of PQC architectures and their influences on the learning tasks are generally underexplored. In this work, we introduce EQAS-PQC, an evolutionary quantum architecture search framework for PQC-based models, which uses a population-based genetic algorithm to evolve PQC architectures by exploring the search space of quantum operations. Experimental results show that our method can significantly improve the performance of hybrid quantum-classical models in solving benchmark reinforcement problems. We also model the probability distributions of quantum operations in top-performing architectures to identify essential design choices that are critical to the performance.
Solidarity, Rage and Justice: Transformation and Consciousness-Raising for Contemporary Feminist Activism
Creators: name: CONDLIFFE, ZOE ALICE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Law, gender and sexuality (incl. feminist legal scholarship)
Crime and social justice
Criminological theories
Feminist methodologies
Feminist theory
Sociology of gender

description: This dissertation explores how the feminist digisphere, characterised by the #MeToo movement, offers new spaces for creating political discourse and disclosing individual experiences of sexual violence. It argues that new-wave feminism is intertwined with online spaces and uses consciousness-raising (CR) as a framework to understand the ways digital networked feminism operates as a political movement. The dissertation examines the experiences of survivors who participate in digital feminist activism and how online space informs feminist identities through affect, solidarity, anger, and justice-seeking. The findings assert that CR frameworks can be adapted to understand emerging digital feminisms, explain their evolution and impact, and provide a framework for scholars and activists to undertake contemporary CR in online spaces.
In-Line-Test of Variability and Bit-Error-Rate of HfOx-Based Resistive Memory
Creators: name: Ji, B. L.
name: Li, H.
name: Ye, Q.
name: Gausepohl, S.
name: Deora, S.
name: Veksler, D.
name: Vivekanand, S.
name: Chong, H.
name: Stamper, H.
name: Burroughs, T.
name: Johnson, C.
name: Smalley, M.
name: Bennett, S.
name: Kaushik, V.
name: Piccirillo, J.
name: Rodgers, M.
name: Passaro, M.
name: Liehr, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial and temporal variability of HfOx-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) are investigated for manufacturing and product designs. Manufacturing variability is characterized at different levels including lots, wafers, and chips. Bit-error-rate (BER) is proposed as a holistic parameter for the write cycle resistance statistics. Using the electrical in-line-test cycle data, a method is developed to derive BERs as functions of the design margin, to provide guidance for technology evaluation and product design. The proposed BER calculation can also be used in the off-line bench test and build-in-self-test (BIST) for adaptive error correction and for the other types of random access memories.
description: 4 pages. Memory Workshop (IMW), 2015 IEEE International
A Theorem on Extensive Spectral Degeneracy for Systems with Higher Symmetries in General Dimensions
Creators: name: Nussinov, Zohar
name: Ortiz, Gerardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish, in the spirit of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem, lower bounds on the spectral degeneracy of quantum systems with higher (Gauge Like) symmetries with rather generic physical boundary conditions in an arbitrary number of spatial dimensions. Contrary to applying twists or equivalent adiabatic operations, we exploit the effects of modified boundary conditions. When a general choice of boundary geometry is immaterial in approaching the thermodynamic limit, systems that exhibit non-commuting Gauge Like symmetries, such as the orbital compass model, must have an exponential (in the size of the boundary) degeneracy of each of their spectral levels. We briefly discuss why, in spite of the proven large degeneracy associated with infrared-ultraviolet mixing, some systems may still exhibit conventional physical behaviors, i.e., of those of systems with non-extensive degeneracies, due to entropic "order by disorder" type effects.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
On two-dimensional extensions of Bougerol's identity in law
Creators: name: Hariya, Yuu
name: Matsumura, Yohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J65 (Primary) 60J55 (Secondary)

description: Let $B=\{ B_{t}\} _{t\ge 0}$ be a one-dimensional standard Brownian motion and denote by $A_{t},\,t\ge 0$, the quadratic variation of $e^{B_{t}},\,t\ge 0$. The celebrated Bougerol's identity in law (1983) asserts that, if $β=\{ β_{t}\} _{t\ge 0}$ is another Brownian motion independent of $B$, then $β_{A_{t}}$ has the same law as $\sinh B_{t}$ for every fixed $t>0$. Bertoin, Dufresne and Yor (2013) obtained a two-dimensional extension of the identity involving as the second coordinates the local times of $B$ and $β$ at level zero. In this paper, we present a generalization of their extension in a situation that the levels of those local times are not restricted to zero. Our argument provides a short elementary proof of the original extension and sheds new light on that subtle identity.
description: 8 pages
An asymmetric non-uniform 3-dB directional coupler with 300-nm bandwidth
Creators: name: Nikbakht, Hamed
name: Khoshmehr, Mohammad Talebi
name: Van Someren, Bob
name: Teichrib, Dieter
name: Hammer, Manfred
name: Forstner, Jens
name: Akca, B. Imran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we demonstrate a new type of 3-dB coupler that has an ultra-broadband operational range starting from 1300 nm to 1600 nm with low fabrication sensitivity. Overall device size is 800 micron including in/out S-bend waveguides. The coupler is an asymmetric non-uniform directional coupler that consists of two tapered waveguides. One of the coupler arms is shifted by 130 micron in the propagation direction, which reduces the phase mismatch between the odd and even mode of the coupled system resulting in a better wavelength-flattened response compared to a not shifted coupler. Moreover, compared to a long adiabatic coupler, we achieved a similar wavelength response at 16 times smaller device length. The couplers were fabricated using the silicon nitride platform of Lionix International. We also experimentally demonstrated an optical switch that is made by using two of these couplers in a Mach Zehnder interferometer configuration. According to experimental results, this optical switch exhibits -10 dB of extinction ratio over a 100 nm wavelength range (1500-1600 nm). Our results indicate that the asymmetric non-uniform directional coupler holds great promise for various applications including optical imaging, telecommunications, and reconfigurable photonic processors where compact, fabrication-tolerant and wavelength-insensitive couplers are essential.
Deciphering the extreme X-ray variability of the nuclear transient eRASSt J045650.3-203750: A likely repeating partial tidal disruption event
Creators: name: Liu, Zhu
name: Malyali, A.
name: Krumpe, M.
name: Homan, D.
name: Goodwin, A. J.
name: Grotova, I.
name: Kawka, A.
name: Rau, A.
name: Merloni, A.
name: Anderson, G. E.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Markowitz, A. G.
name: Ciroi, S.
name: Di Mille, F.
name: Schramm, M.
name: Tang, Shenli
name: Buckley, D. A. H.
name: Gromadzki, M.
name: Jin, Chichuan
name: Buchner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) In this paper, we present the results of an exceptional repeating X-ray nuclear transient, eRASSt J045650.3-203750 (hereafter J0456-20), uncovered by SRG/eROSITA in a quiescent galaxy at redshift of z~0.077. The main results are: 1) J0456-20 cycles through four distinctive phases: an X-ray rising phase leading into an X-ray plateau phase which lasts for ~2 months. This is terminated by a rapid X-ray flux drop phase during which the X-ray flux can drastically drop by more than a factor of 100 within 1 week followed by an X-ray faint state for about two months before it starts the X-ray rising phase again; 2) the X-ray spectra are generally soft in the rising phase with a photon index >3.0, and become harder as the X-ray flux increases. There is evidence of a multi-colour disk with inner region temperature of $T_\text{in}=70$ eV at the beginning of the X-ray rising phase. The high quality XMM-Newton data suggest that a warm and hot corona could be responsible for the X-ray emission, through inverse Comptonisation of soft disk seed photons, during the plateau phase and at the bright end of the rising phase; 3) J0456-20 shows only moderate UV variability and no significant optical variability; 4) radio emission is only detected (as yet) in the X-ray plateau phase, and shows a rapid decline on a time-scale of 2 weeks. We conclude that J0456-20 is likely a repeating nuclear transient with a tentative recurrence time of ~223 days. We discuss several possibilities to explain J0456-20's observational properties, and currently favour a repeating partial tidal disruption event (TDE) as the most likely scenario. The long-term X-ray evolution is explained as a transition between a thermal disk-dominated soft state and a steep power-law state, implying that the corona can be formed within a few months and destroyed within a few weeks.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures, published in A&A
Metastability for Kawasaki dynamics on the hexagonal lattice
Creators: name: Baldassarri, Simone
name: Jacquier, Vanessa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.3
subject: 60J10, 60K35, 82C20, 82C22, 82C26

description: In this paper we analyze the metastable behavior for the Ising model that evolves under Kawasaki dynamics on the hexagonal lattice $\mathbb{H}^2$ in the limit of vanishing temperature. Let $Λ\subset\mathbb{H}^2$ a finite set which we assume to be arbitrarily large. Particles perform simple exclusion on $Λ$, but when they occupy neighboring sites they feel a binding energy $-U<0$. Along each bond touching the boundary of $Λ$ from the outside to the inside, particles are created with rate $ρ=e^{-Δβ}$, while along each bond from the inside to the outside, particles are annihilated with rate 1, where $β$ is the inverse temperature and $Δ>0$ is an activity parameter. For the choice $Δ\in{(U,\frac{3}{2}U)}$ we prove that the empty (resp.\ full) hexagon is the unique metastable (resp.\ stable) state. We determine the asymptotic properties of the transition time from the metastable to the stable state and we give a description of the critical configurations. We show how not only their size but also their shape varies depending on the thermodynamical parameters. Moreover, we emphasize the role that the specific lattice plays in the analysis of the metastable Kawasaki dynamics by comparing the different behavior of this system with the corresponding system on the square lattice.
description: 45 pages, 15 figures
Propagation of Alfvén waves in the charge starvation regime
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
name: Gill, Ramandeep
name: Lu, Wenbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical simulation results for the propagation of Alfvén waves in the charge starvation regime. This is the regime where the plasma density is below the critical value required to supply the current for the wave. We analyze a conservative scenario where Alfvén waves pick up charges from the region where the charge density exceeds the critical value and advect them along at a high Lorentz factor. The system consisting of the Alfvén wave and charges being carried with it, which we call charge-carrying Alfvén wave (CC-AW), moves through a medium with small, but non-zero, plasma density. We find that the interaction between CC-AW and the stationary medium has a 2-stream like instability which leads to the emergence of a strong electric field along the direction of the unperturbed magnetic field. The growth rate of this instability is of order the plasma frequency of the medium encountered by the CC-AW. Our numerical code follows the system for hundreds of wave periods. The numerical calculations suggest that the final strength of the electric field is of order a few percent of the Alfvén wave amplitude. Little radiation is produced by the sinusoidally oscillating currents associated with the instability during the linear growth phase. However, in the nonlinear phase, the fluctuating current density produces strong EM radiation near the plasma frequency and limits the growth of the instability.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mesoprimary decomposition of binomial submodules
Creators: name: O'Neill, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recent results of Kahle and Miller give a method of constructing primary decompositions of binomial ideals by first constructing "mesoprimary decompositions" determined by their underlying monoid congruences. These mesoprimary decompositions are highly combinatorial in nature, and are designed to parallel standard primary decomposition over Noetherean rings. In this paper, we generalize mesoprimary decomposition from binomial ideals to "binomial submodules" of certain graded modules over the corresponding monoid algebra, analogous to the way primary decomposition of ideals over a Noetherean ring $R$ generalizes to $R$-modules. The result is a combinatorial method of constructing primary decompositions that, when restricting to the special case of binomial ideals, coincides with the method introduced by Kahle and Miller.
Reconstructing Large-scale Temperature Profiles around $z\sim 6$ Quasars
Creators: name: Chen, Huanqing
name: Croft, Rupert
name: Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-redshift quasars ionize HeII into HeIII around them, heating the IGM in the process and creating large regions with elevated temperature. In this work, we demonstrate a method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recover the spatial profile for $T_0$, the temperature at the mean cosmic density, in quasar proximity zones. We train the neural network with synthetic spectra drawn from a Cosmic Reionization on Computers simulation. We discover that the simple CNN is able to recover the temperature profile with an accuracy of $\approx 1400$ K in an idealized case of negligible observational uncertainties. We test the robustness of the CNN and discover that it is robust against the uncertainties in quasar host halo mass, quasar continuum and ionizing flux. We also find that the CNN has good generality with regard to the hardness of quasar spectra. Saturated pixels pose a bigger problem for accuracy and may downgrade the accuracy to $1700$ K in the outer parts of the proximity zones. Using our method, one could distinguish whether gas is inside or outside the HeIII region created by the quasar. Because the size of the HeIII region is closely related to the total quasar lifetime, this method has great potential in constraining the quasar lifetime on $\sim $Myr timescales.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, comments welcome
Biofuels: The Security Threats of a Security Solution
Creators: name: Wullenweber, Emily Rose
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The production and consumption of biofuels throughout the industrialized nations of the globe has not been to create a response to growing environmental concerns but rather an effort to address the increasing threats posed by issues of energy security, as well as to create new economically advantageous markets outside of traditional fossil fuels, and while being initially hailed as an energy security solution the results have led to new multifaceted security threats to all nations, especially those in the developing world.
Resonant Kushi-comb-like multi-frequency radiation of oscillating two-color soliton molecules
Creators: name: Melchert, O.
name: Willms, S.
name: Oreshnikov, I.
name: Yulin, A.
name: Morgner, U.
name: Babushkin, I.
name: Demircan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear waveguides with two distinct domains of anomalous dispersion can support the formation of molecule-like two-color pulse compounds. They consist of two tightly bound subpulses with frequency loci separated by a vast frequency gap. Perturbing such a two-color pulse compound triggers periodic amplitude and width variations, reminiscent of molecular vibrations. With increasing strength of perturbation, the dynamics of the pulse compound changes from harmonic to nonlinear oscillations. The periodic amplitude variations enable coupling of the pulse compound to dispersive waves, resulting in the resonant emission of multi-frequency radiation. We demonstrate that the location of the resonances can be precisely predicted by phase-matching conditions. If the pulse compound consists of a pair of identical subpulses, inherent symmetries lead to degeneracies in the resonance spectrum. Weak perturbations lift existing degeneracies and cause a splitting of the resonance lines into multiple lines. Strong perturbations result in more complex emission spectra, characterized by well separated spectral bands caused by resonant Cherenkov radiation and additional four-wave mixing processes.
Feedback of Paediatric Autism Assessment Results and Diagnosis
Creators: name: PATTISON, ELLEN FRANCES
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Paediatrics not elsewhere classified
Educational psychology

description: The moment a clinician tells a family their child has autism can be a significant and overwhelming experience for parents. The way in which this news is delivered can have long lasting impacts on the wellbeing of the child and their family. Parent report literature suggests this appointment is not always conducted well. My research aimed to explore this often overlooked, yet significant element of the autism assessment process, and establish best practice recommendations relating to the structure and content of the autism feedback. This research highlights areas for improvement for Australian clinicians.
Searches for QCD instantons with forward proton tagging
Creators: name: Tasevsky, M.
name: Khoze, V. A.
name: Milne, D. L.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility to observe heavy ($M_{\rm inst}> 60$ GeV) QCD instantons at the LHC in events with one or two tagged leading protons including fast simulation of detector and pile-up effects. We show that the expected instanton signal in a single-tagged configuration is strongly affected by central detector and pile-up effects. For double-tagged approach, where larger integrated luminosities and hence larger pile-up contaminations need to be considered, the combinatorial background overwhelms the expected signal. We suggest that additional time information about tracks at central and forward rapidities would be crucial for potential improvements.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Improved treatment of combinatorial background and an additional cut
Alone in the Multitude? Central Cities and their Role in Public Services Networks
Creators: name: Sanchez Cetina, Jose
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This three-essay dissertation studies the role of central or principal cities in public services networks. The standards that define central cities have evolved at a different pace than that of metropolitan regions. Central cities are not only the largest core jurisdictions in their regions but a larger list of cities that concentrate population and jobs and form polycentric structures of interdependence in their regions. Our knowledge on the cross-boundary dynamics between central and noncentral cities for public service delivery remains incipient. The three essays on this dissertation are intended to address the general question of how central cities interact with their neighboring jurisdictions to provide services. The first essay presents a systematic review aimed to summarize how much have we learned during the last 50 years about central cities and collaboration for service delivery in the United States. It findings highlight the question of how generalizable are the findings of local governments’ collaboration to central cities. The second essay presents a descriptive network analysis focused on analyzing where are central cities located in four service networks- economic development, water systems, street and roads, and public safety. The essay discusses the common partners for central cities in each service domain and how the activities performed collaboratively between central cities and other jurisdictions differ from those not involving central cities. The third essay presents longitudinal network models that analyze how general characteristics of central cities affect their likelihood of collaboration for service delivery. Variables that operationalize fiscal health, demographic diversity, and city’s longevity are included in two service models- information services and public safety. While longevity and demographic diversity show no statistically significant results, budget solvency shows a negative relationship with collaboration. Based on these findings, higher levels of fiscal stress as one characteristic of central cities increase the likelihood of collaboration across time.
Giant vortex in a fast rotating holographic superfluid
Creators: name: Su, Jia-Hao
name: Xia, Chuan-Yin
name: Yang, Wei-Can
name: Zeng, Hua-Bi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a holographic superfluid disk, when the rotational velocity is large enough, we find a giant vortex will form in the center of the system by merging several single charge vortices at some specific rotational velocity, with a phase stratification phenomenon for the order parameter. The formation of a giant vortex can be explained as there is not enough space for a standard vortex lattice. Keep increasing the rotational velocity the giant vortex will disappear and there will be an appearance of a superfluid ring. In the giant vortex region, the number of vortices measured from winding number and rotational velocity always satisfies the linear Feynman relation. However, when the superfluid ring starts to appear, the number of vortices in the disk will decrease though the rotational velocity is increasing, where most of the order parameter is suppressed.
Detection of Enterovirus in Marine Recreational Waters of Southern California using Quantitative and Nested PCR Techniques
Creators: name: Albury, Robert Warren
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: Contamination of recreational waters with enteric viruses poses a risk to swimmer's health. To protect health, new methods are needed for virus detection. This project focused on the detection of enteric viruses in marine recreational waters of Southern California as part of coordinated epidemiology studies conducted at recreational beaches from 2008 to 2009. A new procedure was developed for the detection of enterovirus and norovirus using a rapid and high through-put polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Additionally a limited comparison of quantitative and nested PCR was conducted. This study found a significant difference in the detection of viruses among the three study beaches. Additionally, the nested PCR protocol detected a statistically greater occurrence of enteric viruses than quantitative PCR. The findings of this study suggest that rapid PCR-based methods may be developed and standardized for routine monitoring of enteric viruses from recreational beaches.
Optimization of heterogeneously integrated InP-Si on-chip photonic components
Creators: name: Mrowiński, P.
name: Holewa, P.
name: Sakanas, A.
name: Sęk, G.
name: Semenova, E.
name: Syperek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate comprehensive numerical studies on a hybrid III-V/Si-based waveguide system, serving as a platform for efficient light coupling between an integrated III-V quantum dot emitter to an on-chip quantum photonic integrated circuit defined on a silicon substrate. We propose a platform consisting of a hybrid InP/Si waveguide and an InP-embedded InAs quantum dot, emitting at the telecom C-band near 1550 nm. The platform can be fabricated using the existing semiconductor processing technologies. Our numerical studies reveal nearly 86% of the optical field transfer efficiency between geometrically-optimized InP/Si and Si waveguides, considering propagating field modes along a tapered geometry. The coupling efficiency of a dipole emitting to the hybrid InP/Si waveguide is evaluated to ~60%, which results in more than 50% of the total on-chip optical field transfer efficiency from the dipole to the Si waveguide. We also consider the off-chip outcoupling efficiency of the propagating photon field along the Si waveguide by examining the normal to the chip plane and in-plain outcoupling configurations. In the former case, the outcoupling amounts to ~26% when using the circular Bragg grating outcoupler design. In the latter case, the efficiency reaches up to 10%. Finally, we conclude that the conceptual device's performance is weakly susceptible to the transferred photon wavelength, offering a broadband operation within the 1.5-1.6 μm spectral range.
Directed flow in relativistic resistive magneto-hydrodynamic expansion for symmetric and asymmetric collision systems
Creators: name: Nakamura, Kouki
name: Miyoshi, Takahiro
name: Nonaka, Chiho
name: Takahashi, Hiroyuki R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a dynamical model for high-energy heavy-ion collision based on the relativistic resistive magneto-hydrodynamic framework. Using our newly developed (3+1)-dimensional relativistic resistive magneto-hydrodynamics code, we investigate magneto-hydrodynamic expansion in symmetric and asymmetric collision systems as a first application to high-energy heavy-ion collisions. As a realistic initial condition for electromagnetic fields, we consider the solutions of the Maxwell equations with the source term of point charged particles moving in the direction of the beam axis, including finite constant electrical conductivity of the medium. We evaluate the directed flow in the symmetric and asymmetric collisions at RHIC energy. We find a significant effect of finite electrical conductivity on the directed flow in the asymmetric collision system. We confirm that a certain amount of energy transfer by dissipation associated with Ohmic conduction occurs in the asymmetric collision system because of asymmetry of the electric field produced by two different colliding nuclei. Because this energy transfer makes the pressure gradient of the medium flatter, the growth of directed flow decreases.
description: 13 pages, 20 figures
Alternative derivation of Krasnov's action for general relativity
Creators: name: Celada, Mariano
name: Gonzalez, Diego
name: Montesinos, Merced
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from Plebanski's action for general relativity with cosmological constant, we show that by integrating out all the auxiliary fields Krasnov's action immediately emerges. We also perform the Hamiltonian analysis of the latter and show that the constraints are those of the Ashtekar formalism.
description: 4 pages
Croatia and Serbia: Two Roads Diverged or Wandering Down the Same Path? Institutionalization and Europeanization of Party Systems Since the 2000 Democratic Elections
Creators: name: Baca, Erin
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: The puzzle that animates this thesis is this: why has Croatia's party system institutionalized quickly while Serbia's has experienced another period of fluctuation? Moreover, why did Europeanization have positive effects on the stabilization of party systems in Croatia while the process has coincided with an increase in party system volatility in Serbia? Since volatility scores are expected to decrease over elections as voters and elites gather information from each other and the EU, electoral volatility should decrease with the adoption of pro-EU policies as all major parties develop a pro-EU platform. By analyzing electoral volatility scores, we can see the effect of information, which brings about institutionalization of party systems, on Europeanization as well. My hypothesis is that the process of information gathering by political elites over the course of multiple elections has been much higher in Croatia than in Serbia due to Serbia's changing physical and political landscape since 2000. Because of this, the 2008 election shows another spike in volatility due to an increase in information from the 2007 election. Thus, volatility, in the case of Serbia, turned out to be a good thing: Voters abandoned nationalist, anti-EU parties as they learned more about them.
The interaction of oxytocin and vasopressin systems in reducing relapse to methamphetamine abuse
Creators: name: Everett, Nicholas Adams
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant. Currently there are no approved pharmacotherapies for METH dependence, although animal models of drug use have highlighted the therapeutic potential of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXY) in treating METH dependence. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, an important brain region for addiction and relapse, has been identified as an important site for OXY-METH interactions. However, the inhibitory effect of OXY administration on relapse to METH-seeking behaviour does not appear to be mediated by the oxytocin receptor (OTR) within the NAc core, and further it has not yet been shown if the effect of systemic administration of OXY to reduce METH-seeking behaviour is mediated by the OTR. Due to the increasing evidence of OXY interactions with the vasopressin V1a receptor, the present thesis investigated a role for this receptor in mediating the attenuating effect of exogenous OXY on METH-related behaviours. The intravenous drug self-administration model of reinstatement was utilised to explore this interaction following systemic administration, and locally within the NAc core. This study is the first to demonstrate that the V1a receptor, but not the OTR, plays an important role in mediating the effects of systemic administration of OXY to attenuate METH-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking and acute METH-hyperactivity. The involvement of the V1a receptor in these inhibitory effects of OXY within the NAc core on METH-seeking behaviours remains undetermined. Results are discussed in light of other neural substrates potentially involved in OXY-METH interactions, and the advancement of OXY-based pharmacotherapies for METH-dependence.
Non-IID Quantum Federated Learning with One-shot Communication Complexity
Creators: name: Zhao, Haimeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning refers to the task of machine learning based on decentralized data from multiple clients with secured data privacy. Recent studies show that quantum algorithms can be exploited to boost its performance. However, when the clients' data are not independent and identically distributed (IID), the performance of conventional federated algorithms is known to deteriorate. In this work, we explore the non-IID issue in quantum federated learning with both theoretical and numerical analysis. We further prove that a global quantum channel can be exactly decomposed into local channels trained by each client with the help of local density estimators. This observation leads to a general framework for quantum federated learning on non-IID data with one-shot communication complexity. Numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional ones significantly under non-IID settings.
description: 7 pages excluding appendices and references. Code available at https://github.com/JasonZHM/quantum-fed-infer
A description of the pseudorapidity distributions in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies
Creators: name: Jiang, Z. J.
name: Zhang, Y
name: Zhang, H. L.
name: Deng, H. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charged particles produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions are classified into two parts,One is from the hot and dense matter created in collisions. The other is from leading particles. The hot and dense matter is assumed to expand and generate particles according to BJP hydrodynamics, a theory put forward by A. Bialas, R. A. Janik and R. Peschanski. The leading particles are argued to possess a Gaussian rapidity distribution with the normalization constant equaling the number of participants. A comparison is made between the theoretical results and the experimental measurements performed by BRAHMS and PHOBOS Collaboration at BNL-RHIC in Au-Au and Cu-Cu collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV and by ALICE Collaboration at CERN-LHC in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN) =2.76 TeV. The theoretical results are well consistent with experimental data.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1401.0768
Bulk locality and gauge invariance for boundary-bilocal cubic correlators in higher-spin gravity
Creators: name: Lysov, Vyacheslav
name: Neiman, Yasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider type-A higher-spin gravity in 4 dimensions, holographically dual to a free O(N) vector model. In this theory, the cubic correlators of higher-spin boundary currents are reproduced in the bulk by the Sleight-Taronna cubic vertex. We extend these cubic correlators from local boundary currents to bilocal boundary operators, which contain the tower of local currents in their Taylor expansion. In the bulk, these boundary bilocals are represented by linearized Didenko-Vasiliev (DV) "black holes". We argue that the cubic correlators are still described by local bulk structures, which include a new vertex coupling two higher-spin fields to the "worldline" of a DV solution. As an illustration of the general argument, we analyze numerically the correlator of two local scalars and one bilocal. We also prove a gauge-invariance property of the Sleight-Taronna vertex outside its original range of applicability: in the absence of sources, it is invariant not just within tranverse-traceless gauge, but rather in general traceless gauge, which in particular includes the DV solution away from its "worldline".
description: 75 pages, 14 figures; v2: expanded discussion (JHEP version)