cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Offset markets for nutrient and sediment discharges in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: Policy tradeoffs and potential steps forward
Creators: name: Manale, Andrew
name: Morgan, Cynthia
name: Sheriff, Glenn
name: Simpson, David
name: Manale, Andrew
name: Morgan, Cynthia
name: Sheriff, Glenn
name: Simpson, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: water quality trading
subject: offsets
subject: transactions costs
subject: adverse selection
subject: leakage
subject: additionality
subject: monitoring
subject: Chesapeake Bay
subject: nutrients

description: Considerable interest has been expressed recently in prospects for water quality trading markets between nutrient sources in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Allowing such flexibility in response to the terms of recently announced total maximum daily load (TMDL) restrictions might considerably decrease costs of compliance with the TMDLs. Before an effective and efficient market for offsets can be established, however, certain preconditions must be met. In particular, there must be means by which nutrients can be measured, allowances can be assigned, and limits on nutrient discharges enforced. In this paper we consider some factors that may affect the realization of these preconditions. A recurrent theme is that there are tradeoffs in policy design. A regime that imposes tight restrictions on those who are eligible to trade may also limit the cost savings that might be realized from trading. On the other hand, a regime that maximizes market participation might fail fully to achieve the environmental goals of an offset or trading policy. We conclude with some recommendations for steps that might be taken to initiate limited markets in nutrient and sediment discharges. These markets might then be expanded as experience is gained and methods developed to assure improved market performance.
Welfare Impacts of Ocean Acidification: An Integrated Assessment Model of the US Mollusk Fishery
Creators: name: Moore, Christopher C.
name: Moore, Christopher C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Ocean acidification
subject: integrated assessment model
subject: demand system estimation

description: As atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations increase, the world’s oceans are absorbing CO2 at a faster rate than at any time in the past 800,000 years. While this reduces the amount of the most prevalent greenhouse gas in the atmosphere it also causes changes in seawater chemistry, collectively known as ocean acidification. One of the known ecological impacts of ocean acidification is a reduced ability of some marine calcifiers to form shells and skeletons. Mollusks and reef building corals are particularly vulnerable. Understanding how these biophysical impacts affect social welfare is a critical step in crafting and evaluating policies that reduce CO2 emissions. There is an extensive body of literature estimating the economic impacts of climate change but very little research has been done on how ocean acidification could affect social welfare. This paper proposes an integrated biogeochemical-economic model to estimate the social welfare impacts of ocean acidification in the US mollusk fishery. To demonstrate the model two pathways for global greenhouse gas emissions are compared: a baseline path and a policy path in which CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. These pathways provide input for integrated earth systems models, generating forecasts of changes to sea water chemistry and mollusk production. A two-stage demand system estimates the utility function parameters needed to calculate compensating variation for avoided increases in the prices of oysters, scallops, clams and mussels. The model estimates annual compensating variation for the mitigation path relative to baseline conditions.
Do Regulators Overestimate the Costs of Regulation?
Creators: name: Simpson, R. David
name: Simpson, R. David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: It has occasionally been asserted that regulators typically overestimate the costs of the regulations they impose. A number of arguments have been proposed for why this might be the case, with the most widely credited one being that regulators fail sufficiently to appreciate the effects of innovation in reducing regulatory compliance costs. Most existing studies have found that regulators are more likely to over- than to underestimate costs. Moreover, the ratio of ex ante estimates of compliance costs to ex post estimates of the same costs is generally greater than one. In this paper I argue that neither piece of evidence necessarily demonstrates that ex ante estimates are biased. There are several reasons to suppose that the distribution of compliance costs would be skewed, so that the median of the distribution would lie below the mean. It is not surprising, then, that most estimates would prove to be too high. Moreover, we would expect from a simple application of Jensen’s inequality that the expected ratio of ex ante to ex post compliance costs would be greater than one. In this paper I propose a regression-based test of the bias of ex ante compliance cost estimates, and cannot reject the hypothesis that estimates are unbiased. Despite the existence of a number of papers reporting ex ante and ex post compliance cost estimates, it is surprisingly difficult to get a large sample of such comparisons. My most salient finding does not concern the bias of ex ante cost estimates so much as their inaccuracy and the continuing paucity of careful studies.
A Scale Invariance due to Compositeness Condition in the Induced Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Akabane, Akira
name: Akama, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scale invariance of the coupling constant in the induced gauge theory due to its compositeness condition is demonstrated in the renormalization group flow of the finite-cutoff gauge theory at the leading order in 1/N, where N is the number of the matter fermion species.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
What Do Property Values Really Tell Us? A Hedonic Study of Underground Storage Tanks
Creators: name: Guignet, Dennis
name: Guignet, Dennis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: hedonic analysis
subject: housing prices
subject: leaking underground storage tanks
subject: LUST
subject: contaminated sites
subject: groundwater contamination
subject: remediation benefits

description: Hedonic property value models are widely used, but are susceptible to omitted variable bias and potentially invalid conjectures regarding the assumed measure of environmental quality. This paper focuses on an application where both are of particular concern: leaking underground storage tanks. I estimate a hedonic model using quasi-experimental and spatial econometric techniques. Similar to previous studies, I examine how house prices vary with distance to the disamenity. This approach yields little evidence that prices are adversely impacted. However, to better measure risks, I utilize home-specific data on correspondence from environmental regulators, and find a 9-12% depreciation when households are well-informed.
Ground State Asymptotics of a Dilute, Rotating Gas
Creators: name: Seiringer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ground state properties of a gas of interacting particles confined in an external potential in three dimensions and subject to rotation around an axis of symmetry. We consider the so-called Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) limit of a dilute gas. Analyzing both the absolute and the bosonic ground state of the system we show, in particular, their different behavior for a certain range of parameters. This parameter range is determined by the question whether the rotational symmetry in the minimizer of the GP functional is broken or not. For the absolute ground state, we prove that in the GP limit a modified GP functional depending on density matrices correctly describes the energy and reduced density matrices, independent of symmetry breaking. For the bosonic ground state this holds true if and only if the symmetry is unbroken.
description: LaTeX2e, 37 pages
GRiSP Women in Motion
Creators: name: Clayton, Sophie
name: Rojas-Azucena, Rona Nina Mae
name: Clayton, Sophie
name: Rojas-Azucena, Rona Nina Mae
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Women play an important role in the global rice sector as both paid and unpaid family labor. In many parts of Asia, women contribute at least half of the total labor input in rice production, performing backbreaking tasks such as transplanting and weeding. After harvest, it is usually the women who take care of seed storage and processing of rice (drying, milling) for home consumption. In Africa, women undertake much of the work in traditional rain fed and upland rice production systems and play an important role in the rice value chain after harvest. Yet, these women face many constraints because of the prevalence of gender stereotypes and social restrictions that hamper and technologies. It is widely acknowledged that increased participation of women in agricultural research for development and extension will accelerate the realization of development goals, such as reducing poverty and increasing food security. GRiSP’s gender strategy aims to empower women and accelerate the delivery of its development objectives. The term “empowerment” integrates the strengthened role of women in the design, experimentation, and evaluation of agricultural research for development, as well as improved access to resources (e.g., production inputs, knowledge, and improved technologies) and control over output (e.g., harvested rice, processed rice, and other products). This report provides examples of early success stories, taken from various projects and activities that are part of GRiSP. It demonstrates how well-targeted activities and product development strengthen the role of women in the rice sector and improve gender equity. The examples let women tell their own stories and also explain how GRiSP research led to the products and services that underlie these successes.
Selective Bootstrap Percolation
Creators: name: Sellitto, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of bootstrap percolation models in which particle culling occurs only for certain numbers of nearest neighbours is introduced and studied on a Bethe lattice. Upon increasing the density of initial configuration they undergo multiple hybrid (or mixed-order) phase transitions, showing that such intriguing phase behaviours may also appear in fully homogeneous situations/environments, provided that culling is selective rather than cumulative. The idea immediately extends to facilitation dynamics, suggesting a simple way to construct one-component models of multiple glasses and glass-glass transitions as well as more general coarse-grained models of complex cooperative dynamics.
Interplay of structural and electronic phase separation in single crystalline La(2)CuO(4.05) studied by neutron and Raman scattering
Creators: name: Gnezdilov, V. P.
name: Pashkevich, Yu. G.
name: Tranquada, J. M.
name: Lemmens, P.
name: Guentherodt, G.
name: Yeremenko, A. V.
name: Barilo, S. N.
name: Shiryaev, S. V.
name: Kurnevich, L. A.
name: Gehring, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a neutron and Raman scattering study of a single-crystal of La(2)CuO(4.05) prepared by high temperature electrochemical oxidation. Elastic neutron scattering measurements show the presence of two phases, corresponding to the two edges of the first miscibility gap, all the way up to 300 K. An additional oxygen redistribution, driven by electronic energies, is identified at 250 K in Raman scattering (RS) experiments by the simultaneous onset of two-phonon and two-magnon scattering, which are fingerprints of the insulating phase. Elastic neutron scattering measurements show directly an antiferromagnetic ordering below a Néel temperature of T_N =210K. The opening of the superconducting gap manifests itself as a redistribution of electronic Raman scattering below the superconducting transition temperature, T_c = 24K. A pronounced temperature-dependent suppression of the intensity of the (100) magnetic Bragg peak has been detected below T_c. We ascribe this phenomenon to a change of relative volume fraction of superconducting and antiferromagnetic phases with decreasing temperature caused by a form of a superconducting proximity effect.
description: 9 pages, including 9 eps figures, submitted to PRB
A Mildly Relativistic Outflow Launched Two Years after Disruption in the Tidal Disruption Event AT2018hyz
Creators: name: Cendes, Yvette
name: Berger, Edo
name: Alexander, Kate
name: Gomez, Sebastian
name: Hajela, Aprajita
name: Chornock, Ryan
name: Laskar, Tanmoy
name: Margutti, Raffaella
name: Metzger, Brian
name: Bietenholz, Michael
name: Brethauer, Daniel
name: Wieringa, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present late-time radio/millimeter (as well as optical/UV and X-ray) detections of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018hyz, spanning $970 - 1300$ d after optical discovery. In conjunction with earlier deeper limits, including at $\approx 700$ d, our observations reveal rapidly rising emission at $0.8-240$ GHz, steeper than $F_ν\propto t^5$ relative to the time of optical discovery. Such a steep rise cannot be explained in any reasonable scenario of an outflow launched at the time of disruption (e.g., off-axis jet, sudden increase in the ambient density), and instead points to a delayed launch. Our multi-frequency data allow us to directly determine the radius and energy of the radio-emitting outflow, showing that it was launched $\approx 750$ d after optical discovery. The outflow velocity is mildly relativistic, with $β\approx 0.25$ and $\approx 0.6$ for a spherical and a $10^\circ$ jet geometry, respectively, and the minimum kinetic energy is $E_K\approx 5.8\times 10^{49}$ and $\approx 6.3\times 10^{49}$ erg, respectively. This is the first definitive evidence for the production of a delayed mildly-relativistic outflow in a TDE; a comparison to the recently-published radio light curve of ASASSN-15oi suggests that the final re-brightening observed in that event (at a single frequency and time) may be due to a similar outflow with a comparable velocity and energy. Finally, we note that the energy and velocity of the delayed outflow in AT2018hyz are intermediate between those of past non-relativistic TDEs (e.g., ASASSN-14li, AT2019dsg) and the relativistic TDE Sw\,J1644+57. We suggest that such delayed outflows may be common in TDEs.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Coupled chemical reactions in dynamic nanometric confinement: IX. Etched tracks with membranes made of calcium carbonate
Creators: name: J. Vacik
name: V. Hnatowicz
name: D. Fink
name: G. Muñoz Hernandez
name: H. García Arellano
name: A. Kiv
name: L. Alfonta
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: In the recent papers of this series the formation and characterisation of Ag2O and LiF membranes within etched swift heavy ion tracks in thin polymer foils by the ‘Coupled Chemical Reaction’ (CCR) approach was described. Such membrane-containing etched tracks were shown to be useful to create enzyme-clad biosensors of optimum efficiency. Some planned biosensors of higher complexity would, however, require the re-dissolution of the membranes after the enzyme deposition step, without affecting the enzyme’s performance. To accomplish this, we looked for membrane materials that could, on the one hand, be easily produced by the CCR strategy, but on the other hand, be also easily re-dissolved thereafter in a bio-friendly way. As we think that earth alkali carbonates would fulfil these requirements (they dissolve already in very weak organic acids), we studied here the formation of membranes of Calcium carbonate. Interestingly it turned out that their membrane formation mechanism differs somewhat from that of the previously studied systems. Their basic ‘fingerprints’ are stable capacitive current responses – rather than the ‘quiet phases’ during else highly agitated spiky Ohmic current responses, as was observed for the earlier studied membrane materials Ag2O and LiF.
GRiSP Partnership in Motion
Creators: name: Bouman, Bas
name: Bouman, Bas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: The CGIAR Research Program for Rice, known as the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP), is a partnership coordinated by six research-for-development organizations that bring together over 900 partners from the academic, public, private, and civil society sectors with a stake in the rice development sector. It is noteworthy that the “P” in the GRiSP acronym stands for “partnership” and not for “program.” Embedded within GRiSP are many “subpartnerships,” such as consortia, networks, platforms, and time-bound projects. Some partnerships are decades old and now aligned with GRiSP’s mission and objectives, while other partnerships have just recently been established to serve a specific purpose along GRiSP’s impact pathway toward development. All partners are, in one way or another, bound together by a common mission of poverty alleviation, rice food securi-ty, and environmental sustainability and protection. Some partners work on a global scale, while others work in particular watersheds, villages, or small communities. Some partners work at the grass-roots level, trying to improve the livelihoods of smallholder rice farm-ers through hands-on participatory action, while others work with rice genes in advanced laboratories in countries where no rice is even produced or very little is eaten. How does one bring together over 900 partners from such a wide background in a globally coordinated approach to rice research for development? What are the partner-ship mechanisms and structures that operate under GRiSP? How do the GRiSP coordinating partners align GRiSP’s strategy and activities with those of rice-growing nations and with regional multinational development bodies? This document attempts to give some answers to these questions and to shed light on the functioning of the many partnership arrangements under GRiSP. It serves as a stock-taking exercise from which lessons can be drawn to improve GRiSP as a global partnership mechanism in the years to come. This document also serves as an input to the GCARD Road Map,1 and the GRiSP partnerships described herein follow up on the commitments made at the Second Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD2), Punta del Este, Uruguay, in 2012.
Complexity measures from geometric actions on Virasoro and Kac-Moody orbits
Creators: name: Erdmenger, Johanna
name: Gerbershagen, Marius
name: Weigel, Anna-Lena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We further advance the study of the notion of computational complexity for 2d CFTs based on a gate set built out of conformal symmetry transformations. Previously, it was shown that by choosing a suitable cost function, the resulting complexity functional is equivalent to geometric (group) actions on coadjoint orbits of the Virasoro group, up to a term that originates from the central extension. We show that this term can be recovered by modifying the cost function, making the equivalence exact. Moreover, we generalize our approach to Kac-Moody symmetry groups, finding again an exact equivalence between complexity functionals and geometric actions. We then determine the optimal circuits for these complexity measures and calculate the corresponding costs for several examples of optimal transformations. In the Virasoro case, we find that for all choices of reference state except for the vacuum state, the complexity only measures the cost associated to phase changes, while assigning zero cost to the non-phase changing part of the transformation. For Kac-Moody groups in contrast, there do exist non-trivial optimal transformations beyond phase changes that contribute to the complexity, yielding a finite gauge invariant result. Furthermore, we also show that the alternative complexity proposal of path integral optimization is equivalent to the Virasoro proposal studied here. Finally, we sketch a new proposal for a complexity definition for the Virasoro group that measures the cost associated to non-trivial transformations beyond phase changes. This proposal is based on a cost function given by a metric on the Lie group of conformal transformations. The minimization of the corresponding complexity functional is achieved using the Euler-Arnold method yielding the Korteweg-de Vries equation as equation of motion.
description: 56 pages, v2: references added, discussion of Kac-Moody case and conclusion expanded
Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. II. detection of five new planets, eight planet candidates, and confirmation of three planets around nine nearby M dwarfs
Creators: name: Feng, Fabo
name: Butler, R. Paul
name: Shectman, Stephen A.
name: Crane, Jeffrey D.
name: Vogt, Steve
name: Chambers, John
name: Jones, Hugh R. A.
name: Wang, Sharon Xuesong
name: Teske, Johanna K.
name: Burt, Jenn
name: Diaz, Matias R.
name: Thompson, Ian B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zechmeister et al. (2009) surveyed 38 nearby M dwarfs from March 2000 to March 2007 with VLT2 and the UVES spectrometer. This data has recently been reanalyzed (Butler et al. 2019), yielding a significant improvement in the Doppler velocity precision. Spurred by this, we have combined the UVES data with velocity sets from HARPS, Magellan/PFS, and Keck/HIRES. Sixteen planet candidates have been uncovered orbiting nine M dwarfs. Five of them are new planets corresponding to radial velocity signals, which are not sensitive to the choice of noise models and are identified in multiple data sets over various timespans. Eight candidate planets require additional observation to be confirmed. We also confirm three previously reported planets. Among the new planets, GJ 180 d and GJ 229A c are super-Earths located in the conservative habitable zones of their host stars. We investigate their dynamical stability using the Monte Carlo approach and find both planetary orbits are robust to the gravitational perturbations of the companion planets. Due to their proximity to the Sun, the angular separation between the host stars and the potentially habitable planets in these two systems is 25 and 59 mas, respectively. They are thus good candidates for future direct imaging by JWST and E-ELT. In addition we find GJ 433 c, a cold super-Neptune belonging to an unexplored population of Neptune-like planets. With a separation of 0.5 as from its host star, GJ 433 c is probably the first realistic candidate for direct imaging of cold Neptunes. A comprehensive survey of these planets is important for the studies of planet formation.
description: 38 pages, 31 figures, 4 tables
Modeling and simulation in pediatric drug therapy: Application of pharmacometrics to define the right dose for children
Creators: name: Tsuyoshi Fukuda
name: Chie Emoto
name: Alexander A. Vinks
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2015

description: During the past decades significant progress has been made in our understanding of the importance of age‐appropriate development of new drug therapies in children. Importantly, several regulatory initiatives in Europe and the US have provided a framework for a rationale. In the US, most notably the enactment of the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and Product Research and Equity Act (PREA) has facilitated the studying of on‐patent and off‐patent drugs in children. The biggest challenge in pediatric studies is defining a safe and effective dose or dose range in a patient population that can span from premature neonates to adolescents. From a mechanism‐based perspective, advances in the science of quantitative pharmacology and pharmacometrics have resulted in the development of model‐based approaches to better describe and understand important age‐related factors influencing drug disposition and response in pediatric patients. The application of modeling and simulation has been shown to result in better estimates of pediatric doses as evidenced by several studies, although the optimal approach is still being debated. The extrapolation of efficacy findings from adults to the pediatric population has streamlined the development process especially for studies in older children. However, a focus on developmental changes in neonates and infants as well as further developing a paradigm for conducting pharmacodynamic studies in neonates, infants, and children remain important unmet needs. In this overview we will review current approaches for age‐appropriate dose selection and highlight ongoing efforts to define exposure–response and clinical outcome relationships across the pediatric age spectrum.
Sustaining Excellence In Rice Research Program and Abstracts
Creators: name: International Rice Research Institute
name: International Rice Research Institute
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This book of abstracts is evidence of the enormous breadth and depth of research done by young scientists at IRRI. It is evidence of innovation, high-quality and strong development orientation of science, and wide-ranging partnerships. These are all essential ingredients to enable IRRI and its partners to fulfill their mission.
Leptogenesis in $SO(10)$ Models with $A_4$ Modular Symmetry
Creators: name: Ding, Gui-Jun
name: King, Stephen F.
name: Lu, Jun-Nan
name: Qu, Bu-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the prediction for leptogenesis in two renormalizable supersymmetric $SO(10)\times A_4$ modular models in which the neutrino mass is dominantly generated by the type I seesaw mechanism. The evolution of the lepton asymmetries are described in terms of the three-flavored density matrix equations for three heavy Majorana neutrinos, where both vanishing initial condition and thermal initial condition of the right-handed neutrinos are considered. We also present an analytical approximation based on the Boltzmann equations. We find regions of parameter space compatible with the measured fermion masses and mixing parameters as well as the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. The predictions for the light neutrino masses, the effective mass in neutrinoless doble beta decay and the leptonic CP violation phases are discussed.
description: 36 pages, 10 figures
Insights on the interaction of calcein with calcium carbonate and its implications in biomineralization studies
Creators: name: Magnabosco, Giulia
name: Polishchuk, Iryna
name: Erez, Jonathan
name: Fermani, Simona
name: Pokroy, Boaz
name: Falini, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of calcein, a marker commonly used to assess mineral growth in calcifying organism, on calcite and aragonite structure have been investigated. Calcein is entrapped within calcite and aragonite and modifies the shape and morphology of both polymorphs. Moreover, in the presence of Mg2+, it inhibits aragonite formation in favor of magnesium calcite.
Supplementary Table
Creators: name: Burghgraeve, Nicolas
name: Simon, Samson
name: Barral, Simon
name: Fobis-Loisy, Isabelle
name: Poniztki, Chloé
name: Anne-Catherine Holl
name: Schmitt, Eric
name: Vekemans, Xavier
name: Castric, Vincent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60411 Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics

description: Supplementary tables from Burghgraeve et al. Base-pairing requirements for small RNA-mediated gene silencing of recessive self-incompatibility alleles in Arabidopsis halleri.
Hydrogen atom in strong magnetic field revisited
Creators: name: Khriplovich, I. B.
name: Ruban, G. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive in a straightforward way the spectrum of a hydrogen atom in a strong magnetic field.
description: 4 pages; misprint in formula (5) corrected, results unchanged
LOFAR discovery of rare large FR-I jets in low-luminosity radio galaxy NGC 5322
Creators: name: Omar, Amitesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of faint FR~I radio jets in the nearby elliptical galaxy NGC 5322 is reported here using 144 MHz LOFAR image. The jets have an angular extent of $\sim40$ arcmin or a projected physical extent of $\sim350$ kpc. The faint jets remain well collimated and disappear in the intergalactic medium, without any visible hotspot or radio lobes. The jets detected up to $\sim20$ kpc extent at higher frequencies are relatively bright within the optical extent of the galaxy but become faint abruptly outside, where detection is made only in the LOFAR image. The total radio luminosity of the galaxy at 144 MHz is estimated to be $3.7(\pm0.4)\times10^{22}$ W Hz$^{-1}$. The 144 MHz radio luminosity of the faint jets outside the optical extent is estimated to be $7.1(\pm2.0)\times10^{21}$ W Hz$^{-1}$. The extent of the jets for its radio luminosity is abnormally large when compared to the general population of radio galaxies. It makes NGC 5322 a member of a rare population of radio galaxies, previously not detected in other radio surveys. A combined effect of stellar core depletion and low-density environment around the jets, inferred from previous studies in other wave-bands, resulting into weak entrainment of surrounding material to the jets could be responsible for its large size despite a low radio luminosity.
description: MNRAS submitted; 5 pages, 4 figures; comments welcome
D1.8 - Risk and safety assessment method
Creators: name: Menendez, Manuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Risk identification, Falls, Fire, Risk assessment, Likelihood, Impact

description: The construction industry shows high workplace accidents than other sectors, in Europe it is at the forefront of fatal and non-fatal accidents ahead of traffic. he main objective of this report is to set a common risk detection methodology for the three demo sites based on their safety assessment, it should be flexible and customizable from certain inputs that the work technicians can configure at the beginning of the work, daily or when the environment conditions change.
Onalcidion fibrosum Monne & Martins 1976
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Onalcidion
Onalcidion fibrosum

description: 1. Onalcidion fibrosum Monné & Martins, 1976
Type locality — Venezuela, Aragua: Maracay (Parque Nacional Rancho Grande). (MZSP). Distribution — Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela.
 Onalcidion fibrosum Monné & Martins, 1976: 56; Hovore, 1989: 255 (distr.); Monné, 1990a: 274; Chemsak et al., 1992: 144 (cat.).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
A Literature Review on Length of Stay Prediction for Stroke Patients using Machine Learning and Statistical Approaches
Creators: name: Alkhatib, Ola
name: Alahmar, Ayman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hospital length of stay (LOS) is one of the most essential healthcare metrics that reflects the hospital quality of service and helps improve hospital scheduling and management. LOS prediction helps in cost management because patients who remain in hospitals usually do so in hospital units where resources are severely limited. In this study, we reviewed papers on LOS prediction using machine learning and statistical approaches. Our literature review considers research studies that focus on LOS prediction for stroke patients. Some of the surveyed studies revealed that authors reached contradicting conclusions. For example, the age of the patient was considered an important predictor of LOS for stroke patients in some studies, while other studies concluded that age was not a significant factor. Therefore, additional research is required in this domain to further understand the predictors of LOS for stroke patients.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Disentangling emission from star-forming regions in the Magellanic Clouds: Linking [OIII]88 micron and 24 micron
Creators: name: Lambert-Huyghe, Antigone
name: Madden, Suzanne C.
name: Lebouteiller, Vianney
name: Galliano, Frédéric
name: Abel, Nicholas P.
name: Hu, Dangning
name: Ramambason, Lise
name: Polles, Fiorella L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study explores the link between the [OIII]88mu emission, a well-known tracer of HII regions, and 24mu continuum, often used to trace warm dust in the ionized phases of galaxies. We investigate the local conditions driving the relation between those tracers in the Magellanic Clouds, comparing observations with Cloudy models consisting of an HII region plus a photodissociation region (PDR) component, varying the stellar age, the initial density (at the illuminated edge of the cloud), and the ionization parameter. We introduce a new parameter, cPDR, to quantify the proportion of emission arising from PDRs and that with an origin in HII regions along each line of sight. We use the ratio ([CII]+[OI])/[OIII] as a proxy for the ratio of PDR versus HII region emission, and compare it to [OIII]/24mu. The use of [OIII]/24mu and [OIII]/70mu together allows us to constrain the models most efficiently. We find a correlation over at least 3 orders of magnitude in [OIII]88mu and 24mu continuum in spatially resolved maps of the Magellanic Cloud regions as well as unresolved galaxy-wide low metallicity galaxies of the Dwarf Galaxy Survey. Most of the regions have low proportions of PDRs along the lines of sight (< 12%), while a limited area of some of the mapped regions can reach 30 to 50%. For most lines of sight within the star-forming regions we have studied in the Magellanic Clouds, HII regions are the dominant phase. We propose the use of the correlation between the [OIII]88mu and 24mu continuum as a new predictive tool to estimate, for example, the [OIII]88mu emission when the 24mu continuum is available or inversely. This can be useful to prepare for ALMA observations of [OIII]88mu in high-z galaxies. This simple and novel method may also provide a way to disentangle different phases along the line of sight, when other 3D information is not available.
description: Accepted by A&A June 21 2022 Abridged abstract
Turbulence model reduction by deep learning
Creators: name: Heinonen, R. A.
name: Diamond, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central problem of turbulence theory is to produce a predictive model for turbulent fluxes. These have profound implications for virtually all aspects of the turbulence dynamics. In magnetic confinement devices, drift-wave turbulence produces anomalous fluxes via cross-correlations between fluctuations. In this work, we introduce a new, data-driven method for parameterizing these fluxes. The method uses deep supervised learning to infer a reduced mean-field model from a set of numerical simulations. We apply the method to a simple drift-wave turbulence system and find a significant new effect which couples the particle flux to the local \emph{gradient} of vorticity. Notably, here, this effect is much stronger than the oft-invoked shear suppression effect. We also recover the result via a simple calculation. The vorticity gradient effect tends to modulate the density profile. In addition, our method recovers a model for spontaneous zonal flow generation by negative viscosity, stabilized by nonlinear and hyperviscous terms. We highlight the important role of symmetry to implementation of the new method.
description: To be published in Phys. Rev. E Rap. Comm. 6 pages, 7 figures
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich power spectrum with decaying cold dark matter
Creators: name: Takahashi, Keitaro
name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies of structures of galaxies and clusters imply that dark matter might be unstable and decay with lifetime $Γ^{-1}$ about the age of universe. We study the effects of the decay of cold dark matter on the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) power spectrum. We analytically calculate the SZ power spectrum taking finite lifetime of cold dark matter into account. We find the finite lifetime of dark matter decreases the power at large scale ($l < 4000$) and increases at small scale ($l > 4000$). This is in marked contrast with the dependence of other cosmological parameters such as the amplitude of mass fluctuations $σ_{8}$ and the cosmological constant $Ω_λ$ (under the assumption of a flat universe) which mainly change the normalization of the angular power spectrum. This difference allows one to determine the lifetime and other cosmological parameters rather separately. We also investigate sensitivity of a future SZ survey to the cosmological parameters including the life time, assuming a fiducial model $Γ^{-1} = 10 h^{-1} {\rm Gyr}$, $σ_{8} = 1.0$, and $Ω_λ = 0.7$. We show that future SZ surveys such as ACT, AMIBA, and BOLOCAM can determine the lifetime within factor of two even if $σ_{8}$ and $Ω_λ$ are marginalized.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
An angular rainbow of light from curved spacetime
Creators: name: Deriglazov, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We try to go beyond the geometrical optics approximation, by showing that a massless polarized particle allows a wide class of non minimal interactions with an arbitrary gravitational field. One specific example of a curvature-dependent interaction is presented, that results in a frequency-dependent Faraday effect. Even in a Schwarzschild spacetime, this leads to the angular dispersion of polarization planes for a linearly-polarized beam of waves with different frequencies, propagating along the same ray.
description: 04 pages, Phys. Lett. A, published version. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2103.07794
Centre Symmetric Quadruple Pattern: A Novel Descriptor for Facial Image Recognition and Retrieval
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Soumendu
name: Singh, Satish Kumar
name: Chakraborty, Pavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Facial features are defined as the local relationships that exist amongst the pixels of a facial image. Hand-crafted descriptors identify the relationships of the pixels in the local neighbourhood defined by the kernel. Kernel is a two dimensional matrix which is moved across the facial image. Distinctive information captured by the kernel with limited number of pixel achieves satisfactory recognition and retrieval accuracies on facial images taken under constrained environment (controlled variations in light, pose, expressions, and background). To achieve similar accuracies under unconstrained environment local neighbourhood has to be increased, in order to encode more pixels. Increasing local neighbourhood also increases the feature length of the descriptor. In this paper we propose a hand-crafted descriptor namely Centre Symmetric Quadruple Pattern (CSQP), which is structurally symmetric and encodes the facial asymmetry in quadruple space. The proposed descriptor efficiently encodes larger neighbourhood with optimal number of binary bits. It has been shown using average entropy, computed over feature images encoded with the proposed descriptor, that the CSQP captures more meaningful information as compared to state of the art descriptors. The retrieval and recognition accuracies of the proposed descriptor has been compared with state of the art hand-crafted descriptors (CSLBP, CSLTP, LDP, LBP, SLBP and LDGP) on bench mark databases namely; LFW, Colour-FERET, and CASIA-face-v5. Result analysis shows that the proposed descriptor performs well under controlled as well as uncontrolled variations in pose, illumination, background and expressions.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2201.00504
Quantitative data mining in signal detection: the Singapore experience
Creators: name: Chan, Cheng Leng
name: Soh, Sally
name: Siew Har Tan
name: Ang, Pei San
name: Sowmya Rudrappa
name: Li, Shu Chuen
name: Evans, Stephen J.W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: In Singapore, the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) reviews an average of 20,000 spontaneous adverse event (AE) reports yearly. Potential safety signals are identified manually and discussed on a weekly basis. In this study, we compared the use of four quantitative data mining (QDM) methods with weekly manual review to determine if signals of disproportionate reporting (SDRs) can improve the efficiency of manual reviews and thereby enhance drug safety signal detection. Methods: We formulated a QDM triage strategy to reduce the number of SDRs for weekly review and compared the results against those derived from manual reviews alone for the same 6-month period. We then incorporated QDM triage into the manual review workflow for the subsequent two 6-month periods and made further comparisons against QDM triage alone. Results: The incorporation of QDM triage into routine manual reviews resulted in a reduction of 20% to 30% in the number of drug–AE pairs identified for further evaluation. Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) detected more signals that mirror human manual signal detection than the other three methods. Conclusions: The adoption of QDM triage into our manual reviews is a more efficient way forward in signal detection, avoiding missing important drug safety signals.
Wikipedia Reader Navigation: When Synthetic Data Is Enough
Creators: name: Arora, Akhil
name: Gerlach, Martin
name: Piccardi, Tiziano
name: García-Durán, Alberto
name: West, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Every day millions of people read Wikipedia. When navigating the vast space of available topics using hyperlinks, readers describe trajectories on the article network. Understanding these navigation patterns is crucial to better serve readers' needs and address structural biases and knowledge gaps. However, systematic studies of navigation on Wikipedia are hindered by a lack of publicly available data due to the commitment to protect readers' privacy by not storing or sharing potentially sensitive data. In this paper, we ask: How well can Wikipedia readers' navigation be approximated by using publicly available resources, most notably the Wikipedia clickstream data? We systematically quantify the differences between real navigation sequences and synthetic sequences generated from the clickstream data, in 6 analyses across 8 Wikipedia language versions. Overall, we find that the differences between real and synthetic sequences are statistically significant, but with small effect sizes, often well below 10%. This constitutes quantitative evidence for the utility of the Wikipedia clickstream data as a public resource: clickstream data can closely capture reader navigation on Wikipedia and provides a sufficient approximation for most practical downstream applications relying on reader data. More broadly, this study provides an example for how clickstream-like data can generally enable research on user navigation on online platforms while protecting users' privacy.
description: WSDM 2022, 11 pages, 16 figures