cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
User's Guide for Pavement Condition Surveys
Creators: name: Sharpe, Gary W.
name: Southgate, Herbert F.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The pavement condition survey is a visual inspection of the travelway of a street/road system. The survey provides measures to assess the magnitudes of various types of pavement distress. The rater is not to make evaluations on the basis of known or suspected subsurface conditions. It is necessary the rater only report in an objective manner what is seen. The types of distress include the following:  For Asphaltic Concrete Pavements: Alligator Cracking, Block/Transverse Cracking, Reflective Cracking, Rutting, Raveling, Bleeding, Surface Irregularities (shoving, corrugations, potholes), and Patching/Utility Cuts.  For Portland Cement Concrete Pavements: Blowups, Spalling and Popouts, Map Cracking, Longitudinal Cracking, Transverse Cracking, Diagonal Cracking, Joint Deterioration ("D" cracking, compression failures at joints, etc.), and Faulting (joints and shoulders).  For Unpaved or Aggregate-Surfaced Roads: Rutting, Corrugations, Potholes, Aggregate Loss, Surface Erosion (deficient crown), and Dust Generation.
Effects of phase Separation and devitrification processes in oxide glasses on ESR spectra
Creators: name: Nofz, Marianne
name: Stösser, Reinhard
name: Scholz, Gudrun
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The consequences of phase Separation and devitrification processes for the ESR patterns of Fe³⁺ ions and oxygen hole centres in giassy and glassy-crystalline Systems are discussed. Analysis of the Fe³⁺ spectra by Simulation (including 4th order terms) allows their model-based Interpretation for homogeneous, phase-separated and devitrified samples as well. It is even possible to estimate the ratio of Fe³⁺ ions incorporated into the giassy matrix to those localized in the crystalline phase. An influence of irreversible structural reorganization in glasses on γ-irradiation-induced oxygen hole centres is detectable by studying their Saturation behaviour For the example of a barium Silicate glass studied here, pronounced passage effects could be detected at 77 K. In contrast, a devitrified sample of the same composition after γ Irradiation yielded the same spectral pattern at low microwave power, but only Saturation broadening was to be observed when rising the microwave power. In an annealed sample of anorthite composition (in mol%: 25CaO, 25AI₂O₃, 50SiO₂) progressive crystal growth was detectable using Fe³⁺ ions as probes.
Competing Models: Inferring Exploration Patterns and Information Relevance via Bayesian Model Selection
Creators: name: Monadjemi, Shayan
name: Garnett, Roman
name: Ottley, Alvitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Analyzing interaction data provides an opportunity to learn about users, uncover their underlying goals, and create intelligent visualization systems. The first step for intelligent response in visualizations is to enable computers to infer user goals and strategies through observing their interactions with a system. Researchers have proposed multiple techniques to model users, however, their frameworks often depend on the visualization design, interaction space, and dataset. Due to these dependencies, many techniques do not provide a general algorithmic solution to user exploration modeling. In this paper, we construct a series of models based on the dataset and pose user exploration modeling as a Bayesian model selection problem where we maintain a belief over numerous competing models that could explain user interactions. Each of these competing models represent an exploration strategy the user could adopt during a session. The goal of our technique is to make high-level and in-depth inferences about the user by observing their low-level interactions. Although our proposed idea is applicable to various probabilistic model spaces, we demonstrate a specific instance of encoding exploration patterns as competing models to infer information relevance. We validate our technique's ability to infer exploration bias, predict future interactions, and summarize an analytic session using user study datasets. Our results indicate that depending on the application, our method outperforms established baselines for bias detection and future interaction prediction. Finally, we discuss future research directions based on our proposed modeling paradigm and suggest how practitioners can use this method to build intelligent visualization systems that understand users' goals and adapt to improve the exploration process.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Angursa antarctica Villora-Moreno 1998
Creators: name: Trokhymchuk, Roman
name: Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas
name: Utevsky, Serge
name: Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg
name: Kieneke, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Heterotardigrada
Arthrotardigrada
Halechiniscidae
Angursa
Angursa antarctica

description: Angursa antarctica Víllora-Moreno, 1998
N= 62 specimens occurrence: ANDEEP I; 2,893 m bsl.
Fig. 9A–B; Supplementary Table 1.7
Short description
Small Angursa with slender body (106–150 µm long, 19–22 µm width, n=5) and primary clavae shorter than cirri A. Individuals with long cephalic cirri and cirri E. Secondary clavae are present (Fig. 9A, A 2). Short hemispherical sensory organs on legs IV present (Fig. 9A). Males have gonopore as in the original description (Fig. 9B).
Remarks
A. antarctica belongs to the A. lanceolata group with primary clavae shorter than cirri A (Fujimoto & Hansen 2019). This species is recognisable by hemispherical leg IV sensory organs. Annulated scapi of cirri E sometimes not clearly visible (Víllora-Moreno, 1998).
description: Published as part of Trokhymchuk, Roman, Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas, Utevsky, Serge, Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg & Kieneke, Alexander, 2024, Towards a better understanding of deep-sea tardigrade biogeography: numerous new records from the Southern Ocean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 5543 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14385085
Allocation of Resurfacing Monies to Highway Districts in Kentucky
Creators: name: Rizenbergs, Rolands L.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Allocation of resurfacing and rehabilitation monies began in 1967 with the separate funding of a resurfacing program. Pavement projects for resurfacing and rehabilitation were selected more often than not on the basis of politics and arbitrary (i.e., without the benefit of analysis of good inventory and condition data) judgments of decision makers. With the gradual introduction of more adequate roadway inventory and annual condition data, the formula for the allocation of funds has been gradually revised, updated, and improved so there is now a more logical and equitable distribution of funds.  With the formation of a pavement management staff in 1981, the quality of inventory and pavement distress data was greatly improved. Creation of the staff also introduced an organizational means whereby pavement condition information could be routinely used as one of the inputs upon which to base decisions regarding allocation of funds to resurfacing and rehabilitation projects.  The formula currently used to allocate funds is based upon the lane miles of highways in each district, the unit cost of asphaltic concrete in each of the districts, and the average pavement condition in each district. A modifying factor may be applied each year to assign greater weights to the conditions of the pavements in the various districts and to base allocations of funds more or less upon those conditions, depending upon objectives in any given year.  The pavement management staff of the Transportation Cabinet visits the districts each year to share results of pavement condition evaluations, to discuss resurfacing needs in the district compared to other districts, to discuss various pavement management matters, to explain the allocation formula, and to indicate what monies may be provided for the next year. These reviews with district personnel have been effective in convincing them of the appropriateness of the formula and the fairness in the allocations.  The intent is to bring about a more uniform condition of pavements throughout the Commonwealth of Kentucky as well as to improve the overall statewide condition of pavements. The allocation formula is seen as a means of distributing funds in such a way as to eventually meet these goals.
[Ne V] Emission in Optically Classified Starbursts
Creators: name: Abel, N. P.
name: Satyapal, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in galaxies dominated by powerful nuclear star formation and extinction effects poses a unique challenge. Due to the longer wavelength emission and the ionization potential of Ne^3+, infrared [Ne V] emission lines are thought to be excellent AGN diagnostics. However, stellar evolution models predict Wolf-Rayet stars in young stellar clusters emit significant numbers of photons capable of creating Ne^4+. Recent observations of [Ne V] emission in optically classified starburst galaxies require us to investigate whether [Ne V] can arise from star-formation activity and not an AGN. In this work, we calculate the optical and IR spectrum of gas exposed to a young starburst and AGN SED. We find: 1) a range of parameters where [Ne V] emission can be explained solely by star-formation and 2) a range of relative AGN to starburst luminosities that reproduce the [Ne V] observations, yet leaves the optical spectrum looking like a starburst. We also find infrared emission-line diagnostics are much more sensitive to the AGN than optical diagnostics, particularly for weak AGN. We apply our model to the optically classified, yet [Ne V] emitting, starburst galaxy NGC 3621. We find, when taking the IR and optical spectrum into account, about 30 - 50% of the galaxy's total luminosity is due to an AGN. Our calculations show that [Ne V] emission is almost always the result of AGN activity. The models presented in this work can be used to determine the AGN contribution to a galaxy's power output.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ; astro-ph\0801.2759 (Satyapal et al. 2008; ApJ accepted) and this posting designed to form a two-part investigation
Implementation of a Pavement Management Program in Lexington-Fayette County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Sharpe, Gary W.
name: Deen, Robert C.
name: Sewell, Ronald R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Lexington, in central Kentucky, is the second largest city in the state. Local government is by a mayor and council of elected representatives from twelve districts and three at-large representatives. The Department of Public Works headed by a Commissioner, who reports to the mayor and city-county council, administers the streets and roads system.  The street and road network in Lexington consists of approximately 720 centerline miles. Approximately 100 miles are rural in nature and 620 miles are urban. Approximately 95 percent are bituminous surfaced roads; a majority of the remainder is constructed of portland cement concrete.  Increasing costs for constructing and maintaining the street and road network was a stimulus to implement a systematic pavement and road surface management system. Available alternatives were reviewed, and it was decided to maximize in-house resources of the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government. Meetings with public works officials were used to establish criteria for implementation of a management program: (a) program for visual condition survey of pavements, (b) procedure(s) to determine structural deficiencies for critical pavements identified in the visual condition survey, and (c) utilization of the above information to estimate rehabilitation strategies and their associated costs.  The paper describes and documents three phases of implementation of a pavement and road surface management system. Phase I included development of a system-wide inventory of pavements and a pavement condition rating system for both flexible and rigid pavements. Phase II dealt with the modifications to a microcomputer program to process pavement condition ratings for ranking pavements on the basis of need and also to estimate pavement maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Phase III included administrative and training activities necessary for implementation of the pavement management program. Training generally addressed three areas:      collection of pavement condition and distress information,     operation of the microcomputer program for data processing and analyses, and     interpretation and utilization of results of the analyses.  Finally, the paper describes current research and development relating to refinements and modifications for the Lexington situation.
title: Child Allowances and the U.S. Child Tax Credit
Creators: name: Bastian, Jacob
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social Sciences

description: The goal of the Financial Independence policy conference held on September 16 and 17, 2024 in Washington, D.C. was to bring together experts from the asset and income fields to share theory, evidence, and best practices. The conference was divided into four sessions. The first two sessions were on Children’s Savings Accounts and Baby Bonds, the asset arm of the conference. The third session focused on the income arm. More specifically, it focused on Unconditional Cash Transfers, the Child Tax Credit, and Child Allowances. The final session focused on why solving poverty requires both asset and income proponents to come together. This policy brief is part of the Unconditional Cash Transfers, the Child Tax Credit, and Child Allowances session.
description: Child allowances, a form of cash transfer provided by governments to families with children, represent an important intersection of economic support and social policy. These programs, typically paid monthly and untethered to parental income or employment status, are not just about alleviating the financial pressures of child-rearing. They reflect deeper societal commitments to family well-being, child development, and equality. By offering reliable financial stability, especially to lower-income families, child allowances can significantly reduce child poverty and improve health and educational outcomes. These allowances also promote gender equality by enabling parents, particularly women, to navigate the complex balance between work and caregiving. Beyond their economic impact, child allowances are powerful tools in reducing inequality and fostering greater social cohesion, contributing to a more equitable and integrated society.
Breaking and Seating of Rigid Pavements
Creators: name: Sharpe, Gary W.
name: Anderson, Mark
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Breaking and seating has been utilized extensively in Kentucky to rehabilitate portland cement concrete pavements. Experience over three or four years with this type of design and construction are summarized and reported. Breaking to a range of nominal fragments is evaluated. Evaluation of two roller weights for seating is reported. The use of dynamic deflections to evaluate the effectiveness of the breaking and seating process and to measure the appropriateness of the asphaltic concrete overlay.
Open-pore sintered glass-ceramics as carrier material for biotechnological use
Creators: name: Gemeinert, Marion
name: Müller, Ralf
name: Wihsmann, Fred Gustav
name: Schröder, Frank
name: Kliche, Horst
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Open-pore carriers with defined open porosity up to 45 % for biotechnological use were manufactured by sintering and crystallization of glass powders of cordierite stoichiometry. The stop of the shrinkage caused by a surface crystallization of the glass ("sinter blockade") is utilized to stabilize a desired pore volume without filier or foaming aids. Glass powders of the stoichiometric composition of cordierite (2MgO · 2AI₂O₃ · 5SiO₂) with different grain size distributions were used as starting materials. The efficiency of the sinter blockade and thereby the stabilized porosity of the resulting compact mainly depends on the surface nucleation density at the Single glass particles which can be adjusted by powder processing. Furtheron, the chosen grain size distribution of the glass powders and the sintering process parameters (heating rate, temperature, heating time) are important factors to control the sintering behaviour. Samples of carrier bodies produced by this way are tested and evaluated quantitatively as carriers for biofilms in a biotechnological process for decomposition of pollutants in a synthetic model waste water system.
Statistical model of the powder flow regulation by nanomaterials
Creators: name: Kurfess, D.
name: Hinrichsen, H.
name: Zimmermann, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fine powders often tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces between the particles. These forces can be reduced significantly by covering the particles with nanoscaled adsorbates, as shown by recent experiments. In the present work a quantitative statistical analysis of the effect of powder flow regulating nanomaterials on the adhesive forces in powders is given. Covering two spherical powder particles randomly with nanoadsorbates we compute the decrease of the mutual van der Waals force. The dependence of the force on the relative surface coverage obeys a scaling form which is independent of the used materials. The predictions by our simulations are compared to the experimental results.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, LaTeX; reviewed version with minor changes, published (Powder Technology)
Assessing the impact of multicomponent diffusion in direct numerical simulations of premixed, high-Karlovitz, turbulent flames
Creators: name: Fillo, Aaron J.
name: Schlup, Jason
name: Blanquart, Guillaume
name: Niemeyer, Kyle E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.6.4; J.2
subject: 80A25, 80A19

description: Implementing multicomponent diffusion models in numerical combustion studies is computationally expensive; to reduce cost, numerical simulations commonly use mixture-averaged diffusion treatments or simpler models. However, the accuracy and appropriateness of mixture-averaged diffusion has not been verified for three-dimensional, turbulent, premixed flames. In this study we evaluated the role of multicomponent mass diffusion in premixed, three-dimensional high Karlovitz-number hydrogen, n-heptane, and toluene flames, representing a range of fuel Lewis numbers. We also studied a premixed, unstable two-dimensional hydrogen flame due to the importance of diffusion effects in such cases. Our comparison of diffusion flux vectors revealed differences of 10-20% on average between the mixture-averaged and multicomponent diffusion models, and greater than 40% in regions of high flame curvature. Overall, however, the mixture-averaged model produces small differences in diffusion flux compared with global turbulent flame statistics. To evaluate the impact of these differences between the two models, we compared normalized turbulent flame speeds and conditional means of species mass fraction and source term. We found differences of 5-20% in the mean normalized turbulent flame speeds, which seem to correspond to differences of 5-10% in the peak fuel source terms. Our results motivate further study into whether the mixture-averaged diffusion model is always appropriate for DNS of premixed turbulent flames.
description: 50 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1808.05463
Howe Pairs in the Theory of Vertex Algebras
Creators: name: Lian, Bong H.
name: Linshaw, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For any vertex algebra V and any subalgebra A of V, there is a new subalgebra of V known as the commutant of A in V. This construction was introduced by Frenkel-Zhu, and is a generalization of an earlier construction due to Kac-Peterson and Goddard-Kent-Olive known as the coset construction. In this paper, we interpret the commutant as a vertex algebra notion of invariant theory. We present an approach to describing commutant algebras in an appropriate category of vertex algebras by reducing the problem to a question in commutative algebra. We give an interesting example of a Howe pair (ie, a pair of mutual commutants) in the vertex algebra setting.
description: A few typos corrected, final version
Storing short single-photon-level optical pulses in Bose-Einstein condensates for high-performance quantum memory
Creators: name: Saglamyurek, Erhan
name: Hrushevskyi, Taras
name: Rastogi, Anindya
name: Cooke, Logan W.
name: Smith, Benjamin D.
name: LeBlanc, Lindsay J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale quantum networks require quantum memories featuring long-lived storage of non-classical light together with efficient, high-speed and reliable operation. The concurrent realization of these features is challenging due to inherent limitations of matter platforms and light-matter interaction protocols. Here, we propose an approach to overcome this obstacle, based on the implementation of the Autler-Townes-splitting (ATS) quantum-memory protocol on a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) platform. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle of this approach by storing short pulses of single-photon-level light as a collective spin-excitation in a rubidium BEC. For 20 ns long-pulses, we achieve an ultra-low-noise memory with an efficiency of 30% and lifetime of 15 $μ$s. The non-adiabatic character of the ATS protocol (leading to high-speed and low-noise operation) in combination with the intrinsically large atomic densities and ultra-low temperatures of the BEC platform (offering highly efficient and long-lived storage) opens up a new avenue towards high-performance quantum memories.
description: 7 pages and 7 figures, include Supplementary Info
Determination of coloring elements in the glass raw materials limestone and dolomite by flame atomic absorption spectrometry : Report of the International Commission on Glass (ICG) Technical Committee 2 "Chemical Durability and Analysis"
Creators: name: Çorumluoğlu, Orhan
name: Guadagnino, Emanuel
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Α method is described for the determination of impurities such as iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper in the glass raw materials limestone and dolomite. The proposed method involves the direct measurement technique in aqueous Solution by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. It has been proved to be an accurate and quick method for analyzing concentrations normally found in these raw materials.
Interface phenomena accompanying the early stages of glass batch reactions - Α model study
Creators: name: Storch, Leszek
name: Kraishan, Sami
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Interface phenomena accompanying the early stages of reactions in the batch compacted by pressing are considered. The interactions between slowly reacting components of batch, i.e. quartz, potash feldspar and AI₂O₃ (corundum), and alkali carbonates, below the melting temperature of the carbonates, were investigated. The investigations were carried out on quartz, potash feldspar and corundum monocrystals pressed into compacted Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ tablets. The study of the interface reactions on monocrystals was supplemented with the investigation of mixtures of fme-grained (0.1 to 0.3 mm) minerals and alkalies carbonates. The corrosion of the mineral surface takes place due to the interface chemical reaction with alkalies as well as the transportation of free SiO₂ and AI₂O₃ inside the carbonate layer above 580 C for quartz and potash feldspar and above 600 °C for corundum. The mechanism of interaction of quartz and corundum with solid carbonates resembles simple dissolution. In the case of potash feldspar a deep migration of Na⁺ ions to the inside of the mineral structure occurs and its melting begins already above 800 °C. The interface processes determine, to a considerable degree, the effectiveness of the process of prereacting by heat treatment of the compacted glass batches.
Estimating the carbon footprint of the GRAND Project, a multi-decade astrophysics experiment
Creators: name: Aujoux, Clarisse
name: Kotera, Kumiko
name: Blanchard, Odile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a pioneering estimate of the global yearly greenhouse gas emissions of a large-scale Astrophysics experiment over several decades: the Giant Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND). The project aims at detecting ultra-high energy neutrinos with a 200,000 radio antenna array over 200,000\,km$^2$ as of the 2030s. With a fully transparent methodology based on open source data, we calculate the emissions related to three unavoidable sources: travel, digital technologies and hardware equipment. We find that these emission sources have a different impact depending on the stages of the experiment. Digital technologies and travel prevail for the small-scale prototyping phase (GRANDProto300), whereas hardware equipment (material production and transportation) and data transfer/storage largely outweigh the other emission sources in the large-scale phase (GRAND200k). In the mid-scale phase (GRAND10k), the three sources contribute equally. This study highlights the considerable carbon footprint of a large-scale astrophysics experiment, but also shows that there is room for improvement. We discuss various lines of actions that could be implemented. The GRAND project being still in its prototyping stage, our results provide guidance to the future collaborative practices and instrumental design in order to reduce its carbon footprint.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables Accepted by Astroparticle Physics, minor changes
BOOK REVIEW Identity, Trust, and Reconciliation in East Asia: Dealing with Painful History to Create a Peaceful Present (2017) by Clements, K. P. (Ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Creators: name: Siwach Sripokangkul
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Thailand
Year: 2019
Subjects: Identity
Trust
Reconciliation

description: SOCIAL SCIENCE ASIA : Official Journal of National Research Council of Thailand in Conjunction with the College of Local Administration, Khon Kaen University, 5, 3, 93-96
Biodegradation of poly(lactic acid), poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate), poly(butylene succinate) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) under anaerobic and oxygen limited thermophilic conditions
Creators: name: Jutakan Boonmee
name: Charnwit Kositanont
name: Thanawadee Leejarkpai
Publisher: name: Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment
Year: 2016
Subjects: biodegradable plastics,anaerobic conditions,burial exposure,landfill

description: 1, 9, EnvironmentAsia
Tracing of primary melt formation and reactions involved in glass batch melting
Creators: name: Suwannathada, Pichanon
name: Hessenkemper, Heiko
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The primary melt formation and the reactions involved therein were traced by means of electrical conductivity measurement. After the temperature of the furnace had reached 1200 °C, 700 g of soda-lime-silica glass batches, either with or without carbon addidon, were loosely charged into an induction furnace. An electrical conductivity sensor connected with a thermocouple was put immediately into the batch; then the conductivity in terms of voltage drop and the temperatures were continuously recorded. Not only the changes in t h e reaction atmosphere were detected, but also at least four events leading to the occurrence of the primary melts could be identified. They were the double salt (Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂) with a soda-rich NaCa mixed crystal eutectic, the sodium distilicate-silica eutectic, the double salt melting temperature, and the soda melting temperature. The temperature at which the conductivity curve passed its original baseline is proposed as the primary melt formation temperature. The first highest sodium ion diffusion rate, or hopping region on the conductivity-temperature curve, is also proposed as the primary glass-forming melt temperature.
COVID-MTL: Multitask Learning with Shift3D and Random-weighted Loss for Automated Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of COVID-19
Creators: name: Bao, Guoqing
name: Chen, Huai
name: Liu, Tongliang
name: Gong, Guanzhong
name: Yin, Yong
name: Wang, Lisheng
name: Wang, Xiuying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is an urgent need for automated methods to assist accurate and effective assessment of COVID-19. Radiology and nucleic acid test (NAT) are complementary COVID-19 diagnosis methods. In this paper, we present an end-to-end multitask learning (MTL) framework (COVID-MTL) that is capable of automated and simultaneous detection (against both radiology and NAT) and severity assessment of COVID-19. COVID-MTL learns different COVID-19 tasks in parallel through our novel random-weighted loss function, which assigns learning weights under Dirichlet distribution to prevent task dominance; our new 3D real-time augmentation algorithm (Shift3D) introduces space variances for 3D CNN components by shifting low-level feature representations of volumetric inputs in three dimensions; thereby, the MTL framework is able to accelerate convergence and improve joint learning performance compared to single-task models. By only using chest CT scans, COVID-MTL was trained on 930 CT scans and tested on separate 399 cases. COVID-MTL achieved AUCs of 0.939 and 0.846, and accuracies of 90.23% and 79.20% for detection of COVID-19 against radiology and NAT, respectively, which outperformed the state-of-the-art models. Meanwhile, COVID-MTL yielded AUC of 0.800 $\pm$ 0.020 and 0.813 $\pm$ 0.021 (with transfer learning) for classifying control/suspected, mild/regular, and severe/critically-ill cases. To decipher the recognition mechanism, we also identified high-throughput lung features that were significantly related (P < 0.001) to the positivity and severity of COVID-19.
description: COVID-19 research; computer vision and pattern recognition; 13 pages, 10 figures and 5 tables
Observational constraints on bimetric gravity
Creators: name: Högås, Marcus
name: Mörtsell, Edvard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ghost-free bimetric gravity is a theory of two interacting spin-2 fields, one massless and one massive, in addition to the standard matter particles and fields, thereby generalizing Einstein's theory of general relativity. To parameterize the theory, we use five observables with specific physical interpretations. We present, for the first time, observational constraints on these parameters that: (i) apply to the full theory, (ii) are consistent with a working screening mechanism (i.e., restoring general relativity locally), (iii) exhibit a continuous, real-valued background cosmology (without the Higuchi ghost). For the cosmological constraints, we use data sets from the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, and type Ia supernovae. Bimetric cosmology provides a good fit to data even for large values of the mixing angle between the massless and massive gravitons. Interestingly, the best-fit model is a self-accelerating solution where the accelerated expansion is due to the dynamical massive spin-2 field, without a cosmological constant. Due to the screening mechanism, the models are consistent with local tests of gravity such as solar system tests and gravitational lensing by galaxies. We also comment on the possibility of alleviating the Hubble tension with this theory.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures + appendices. A short video summarizing the results can be found here: "https://youtu.be/u9nHGoP0iOU". Version 2, very slight modification according to the published version
Abundances of Planetary Nebula NGC2392
Creators: name: Pottasch, S. R.
name: Bernard-Salas, J.
name: Roellig, T. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectra of the planetary nebula NGC2392 is reanalysed using spectral measurements made in the mid-infrared with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The aim is to determine the chemical composition of this object. We also make use of IUE and ground based spectra. Abundances determined from the mid-infrared lines, which are insensitive to electron temperature, are used as the basis for the determination of the composition, which are found to differ somewhat from earlier results. The abundances found, especially the low value of helium and oxygen, indicate that the central star was originally of rather low mass. Abundances of phosphorus, iron, silicon and chlorine have been determined for the first time in this nebula. The variation of electron temperature in this nebula is very clear reaching quite high values close to the center. The temperature of the central star is discussed in the light of the high observed stages of ionization. The nebular information indicates the spectrum of the star deviates considerably from a blackbody.
description: 9 pages, 7 tables, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Significance of redox reactions in glass refining processes
Creators: name: Yoshikawa, Hidemi
name: Kawase, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The role of the redox reactions due to refining agents in the glass refining processes was examined. Α new approximate model for shrinkage (or growth) of gas bubbles in glassmelts in which redox reactions caused by refining agents were taken into account was developed. The proposed model is a modification of the quasi-stationary model by which the redox reactions due to refining agents can not be considered. It was found that the shrinkage (or growth) of gas bubbles in melts with refining agents is quite faster than that in those without refining agents. Numerical results for single-component and multicomponent gas bubbles indicate that the mechanism of the bubble shrinkage (or growth) in the refining process is significantly controlled by the oxidation of refining agents, which decreases (or increases) the oxygen concentration in the glassmelt and as a result causes the rapid oxygen transfer across the bubble/glassmelt Interface and hence the fast shrinkage (or growth) of the gas bubble. The applicability of the proposed model was examined using the computational results and experimental measurements in the literature. It was also found that the proposed model provides better predictions compared with the quasi-stationary model.
Self-worth and social support of children exposed to family violence
Creators: name: Riesen, Yuriko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The present study, concerning children exposed to family violence, examined the relationships among the children's global self-worth, their perceived social support, their mothers' perceived social support, and their mothers education level. Fifty-six children aged 7 to 13 years from 38 families and their 38 mothers participated in the study. They were recruited through transition houses and community organizations which were offering counseling services for assaulted women and their children in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Children were individually asked to complete a demographic information form and certain measures that assessed their global self-worth, their domain-specific competencies, the importance of different domains to them, and their perceived social support. Their mothers were individually asked to complete a demographic information form and a measure that assessed their perceived social support. The study found: (a) Doing well at school was the most significant domain which contributed to children's global self-worth, followed by being good looking, (b) mothers were the most important support providers who contributed to children's global selfworth, followed by non-kin adults (counselors and transition house staff), (c) the amount of support for children was related positively to their global self-worth, (d) children's social support contributed to their global self-worth- together with the mean of discrepancies between their perceptions of competence and their ratings of importance, (e) the higher the level of education the mothers had, the less satisfied they were with supports, and (f) children's social support and discrepancy between their perceptions of competence and their ratings of importance were the two strongest among four factors (children's social support, discrepancy between their perceptions of competence and their ratings of importance, their mothers' social support, and their mothers' education level) as predictors of children's global self-worth. These findings are discussed in light of the current literature that describes outcome data for children exposed to family violence. The thesis ends with a description of potential educational implications.
Production of Recombinant α Synuclein Monomers and Preformed Fibrils (PFFs)
Creators: name: Maneca, Destiny-Love
name: Luo, Wen
name: Krahn, Andrea
name: Del Cid Pellitero, Esther
name: Shlaifer, Irina
name: Beitel, Lenore K.
name: Rao, Trisha
name: Durcan, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: alpha-synuclein
protein expression
bacteria
GST-tag
Preformed fibrils (PFFs)

description: This protocol describes how to:
 • Produce and purify recombinant human and mouse α-synuclein in monomeric form from transformed bacteria
 • Generate α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) from recombinant monomeric α-synuclein
 • Fluorescently label α-synuclein PFFs
Multidimensional Hydrodynamical Simulations of radiative cooling SNRs-clouds interactions: an application to Starburst Environments
Creators: name: Melioli, C.
name: Pino, E. M. de Gouveia Dal
name: Raga, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we are interested to study the by-products of SNR-clouds in a starburst (SB) system. These interactions can have an important role in the recycling of matter from the clouds to the ISM and vice-versa. In the present work, we have focused our attention on the global effects of the interactions between clouds and SN shock waves in the ISM of SB environments, and performed 3-D radiative cooling hydrodynamical simulations with the adaptive YGUAZU grid code. We have also considered the effects of the photo-evaporation due to the presence of a high number of UV photons from hot stars and supernovae (SNe). The results have shown that, in the presence of radiative cooling, instead of an efficient gas mixing with the diffuse ISM, the interactions cause the fragmentation of the clouds into smaller ones. The results have also revealed that the SNR-clouds interactions are less efficient at producing substantial mass loss from the clouds to the diffuse ISM than mechanisms such as the photo-evaporation caused by the UV flux from the hot stars.
description: 15 pages, 25 figures. Figures with higher resolution at the page: http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~dalpino/ Astronomy & Astrophysics accepted
Non-Hermitian Yukawa interactions of fermions with axions: potential microscopic origin and dynamical mass generation
Creators: name: Mavromatos, Nick E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this mini review, we discuss some recent developments regarding properties of (quantum) field-theory models containing anti-Hermitian Yukawa interactions between pseudoscalar fields (axions) and Dirac (or Majorana) fermions. Specifically, after motivating physically such interactions, in the context of string-inspired low-energy effective field theories, involving right-handed neutrinos and axion fields, we proceed to discuss their formal consistency within the so-called Parity-Time-reversal(PT)-symmetry framework, as well as dynamical mass generation, induced by the Yukawa interactions, for both fermions and axions. The Yukawa couplings are assumed weak, given that they are conjectured to have been generated by non-perturbative effects in the underlying microscopic string theory. The models under discussion contain, in addition to the Yukawa terms, also anti-Hermitian anomalous derivative couplings of the pseudoscalar fields to axial fermion currents, as well as interactions of the fermions with non-Hermitian axial backgrounds. We discuss the role of such additional couplings on the Yukawa-induced dynamically-generated masses. For the case where the fermions are right-handed neutrinos, we compare such masses with the radiative ones induced by both, the anti-Hermitian anomalous terms and the anti-Hermitian Yukawa interactions in phenomenologically relevant models.
description: 35 pages latex, 2 figures. Review based on talk in the online series: Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics (XIX
Conservation Laws of Variable Coefficient Diffusion-Convection Equations
Creators: name: Ivanova, N. M.
name: Popovych, R. O.
name: Sophocleous, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35K57; 35A30

description: We study local conservation laws of variable coefficient diffusion-convection equations of the form $f(x)u_t=(g(x)A(u)u_x)_x+h(x)B(u)u_x$. The main tool of our investigation is the notion of equivalence of conservation laws with respect to the equivalence groups. That is why, for the class under consideration we first construct the usual equivalence group $G^{\sim}$ and the extended one $\hat G^{\sim}$ including transformations which are nonlocal with respect to arbitrary elements. The extended equivalence group $\hat G^{\sim}$ has interesting structure since it contains a non-trivial subgroup of gauge equivalence transformations. Then, using the most direct method, we carry out two classifications of local conservation laws up to equivalence relations generated by $G^{\sim}$ and $\hat G^{\sim}$, respectively. Equivalence with respect to $\hat G^{\sim}$ plays the major role for simple and clear formulation of the final results.
description: 7 pages
FILO: FIx-LOcus Localization for Backward Incompatibilities Caused by Android Framework Upgrades
Creators: name: Mobilio, Marco
name: Riganelli, Oliviero
name: Micucci, Daniela
name: Mariani, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobile operating systems evolve quickly, frequently updating the APIs that app developers use to build their apps. Unfortunately, API updates do not always guarantee backward compatibility, causing apps to not longer work properly or even crash when running with an updated system. This paper presents FILO, a tool that assists Android developers in resolving backward compatibility issues introduced by API upgrades. FILO both suggests the method that needs to be modified in the app in order to adapt the app to an upgraded API, and reports key symptoms observed in the failed execution to facilitate the fixing activity. Results obtained with the analysis of 12 actual upgrade problems and the feedback produced by early tool adopters show that FILO can practically support Android developers.FILO can be downloaded from https://gitlab.com/learnERC/filo, and its video demonstration is available at https://youtu.be/WDvkKj-wnlQ.
description: for associated video, see http://myhost.domain/file.mpg and FILO source code can be downloaded from https://gitlab.com/learnERC/filo . In the International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (2020)
Non-Newtonian thin films with normal stresses: dynamics and spreading
Creators: name: Boudaoud, Arezki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of thin films on a horizontal solid substrate is investigated in the case of non-Newtonian fluids exhibiting normal stress differences, the rheology of which is strongly non-linear. Two coupled equations of evolution for the thickness of the film and the shear rate are proposed within the lubrication approximation. This framework is applied to the motion of an advancing contact line. The apparent dynamic contact angle is found to depend logarithmically on a lengthscale determined solely by the rheological properties of the fluid and the velocity of the contact line.
Evaluation of 1985 AASHTO Flexible Pavement Design Equations and Nomographs
Creators: name: Southgate, Herbert F.
name: Sharpe, Gary W.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The 1985 AASHTO nomograph and equations for flexible pavements were reviewed and analyzed to determine requirements for input data, sensitivity of designs based on the additional variables for percent reliability, standard deviation, and resilient modulus of subgrade material. Design thicknesses using the 1985 AASHTO Guide were compared to thicknesses using the 1981 Kentucky thickness design method for flexible pavements.
Estimation of deep-uv and uv absorption coefficients of selected trace impurities in glasses
Creators: name: Seeber, Wolfgang
name: Ehrt, Doris
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Glasses of the fluoride phosphate type were selected as suitable host materials for studying the uv absorption behavior of several transidon metal ions in different valence states (Fe²⁺/³⁺, Cu⁺/²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cr³⁺). Based on a large glass sample collecdon with series of transition metal-ion-doped fluoride phosphate glasses together with a carefully analytically determined real impurity content, the specific uv absorption spectra of the mentioned ions could be estimated using nonlinear deconvolution of bands.