Neurostigma spinosum Reategui, Rafael & Silva-Neto, 2025, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Reategui, Natália S.
name: Rafael, José A.
name: da Silva-Neto, Alberto M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Psocodea
Epipsocidae
Neurostigma
Neurostigma spinosum

description: Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6731CF58-D473-46DC-9E38-1AA97DD69CE7
Figs 14–17, 22
Diagnosis
The new species belongs in species group II of Mendivil-Nieto et al. (2020). It is similar to Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., N. lienhardi, and N. thorntoni in having anchor-shaped spines in the endophallus. It is closer to N. thorntoni in the venation of the forewing but differs in that it does not have a spot between the CuP veins and the A vein. The areola postica has Cua 1 touching wing margin at a parallel point after the second bifurcation of vein M (Fig. 16A–B); the phalossome has a subquadrate posterior process of the aedeagal arch with an abrupt indentation of the external margin; the endophallus has the median region deeply septate with a V-shaped indentation, laterally membranous with seven distinct rows of spines, separated by a membranous area (Fig. 17B).
Etymology
The specific name is a latin word ‘ spinae ’ = ‘thorns’, in reference to the endophallus of the phallosoma being full of spines.
Type material
Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas, Tefé, Locação São Marcus; 04°48′24″ S, 65°40′06″ W; 7–16 Sep. 1990; P.F. Buhrnhein et al. leg.; Pennsylvania trap; INPA, INPA-PSO 000037.
Description
Male
COLORATION. Head uniformly pale yellow (Fig. 14A–C), lateral areas of head light yellow, compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents (Fig. 14D–E). Scapes, pedicels and flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus light yellow; labrum hyaline, with dark brown labral sclerites (Fig. 15A), labium with prementum, labial palpi, paraglossas and glossas light brown (Fig. 15B); mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends (Fig. 15C–D); laciniae hyaline with yellowish distal region (Fig. 15E–F). Tergal lobes of mesothorax hyaline, tergal lobes of metathorax dark brown (Fig. 14C), thoracic pleura hyaline (Fig. 14B). Forewings with two rounded brown spots, one in medial region between CuP and M+Cu veins, another in proximal region of bifurcation that originates M and CuA veins, dark brown spot running through R1 vein (Fig. 16A–B). Hindwing with brownish spot in basal region between A vein and CuP vein (Fig. 16C). Abdomen hyaline (Fig. 14A).
MORPHOLOGY. Head with macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex (Fig. 14A–B); compound eyes large, widely separated, laterally rounded in shape (Fig. 14D–E), vertex bilobed, approximately at same level as upper edge of compound eyes (Fig. 14D–E). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossa with round shape, slender glossa (Fig. 15B). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (Fig. 15C–D), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with eight to ten denticles (Fig. 15E–F). Tergal lobes with setae (Fig. 14C). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins, right forewing pterostigma with four crossveins (Fig. 16A), left wing pterostigma with five crossveins (Fig. 16B). M vein before its firts bifurcation gently concave U-shaped (Fig. 16A–B). Hindwing with sinuous R 2+3 and straight R 4+5, M sinuous (Fig. 16C). Posterior process of aedeagal arch subquadrate, with abrupt indentation of external margin; endophallus with median region deeply septate with V-shaped indentation, laterally membranous with seven distinct rows of spines, separated by membranous area (Fig. 17B). Epiproct with concave posterior margin, with slightly angulated sides, field of microsetae in medial and distal region (Fig. 17A). Paraproct with narrow base, widening distally, with microsetae field towards outer margin, sensory fields with 30–37 basal rosettes (Fig. 17A).
MEASUREMENTS (in μm). FW: 3097, HW: 2198, F: 643, T: 752, t1: 293, t2: 121, IO: 443, D: 350, d: 271, PO: 0.774.
description: Published as part of Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A. & da Silva-Neto, Alberto M., 2025, Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 976 on pages 17-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771, http://zenodo.org/record/14603819