cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Boundary-Bound Reactions: Pattern Formation with and without Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Huffman, Aiden
name: Shum, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study chemical pattern formation in a fluid between two flat plates and the effect of such patterns on the formation of convective cells. This patterning is made possible by assuming the plates are chemically reactive or release reagents into the fluid, both of which we model as chemical fluxes. We view this as a specific example of boundary-bound reactions. In the absence of coupling with flow, we show that the two-reagent system with nonlinear reactions admits instabilities equivalent to diffusion-driven Turing instabilities. In the other extreme, when chemical fluxes at the two bounding plates are constant, diffusion-driven instabilities do not occur but hydrodynamic phenomena analogous to Rayleigh-Benard convection are possible. Assuming we can influence the chemical fluxes along the domain and select suitable reaction systems, this presents a means for the control of chemical and hydrodynamic instabilities and pattern formation. We study a generic class of models and find conditions for a bifurcation to pattern formation. Afterwards, we present two examples derived from the Schnakenberg reaction. Unlike the classical Rayleigh-Benard instability, which requires a sufficiently large unstable density gradient, a chemo-hydrodynamic instability based on Turing-style pattern formation emerges from a state that is uniform in density. We also find parameters that result in the formation of convective cells whether gravity acts upwards or downwards relative to the reactive plate. The wavenumber of the cells and the direction of the flow at regions of high/low concentration depend on the orientation, hence, different patterns can be elicited by simply inverting the device. More generally, our results suggest methods for controlling pattern formation and convection by tuning reaction parameters. As a consequence, we can drive and alter fluid flow in a chamber without mechanical pumps.
Firm Detection of a Cyclotron Resonance Feature with Suzaku in the X-ray Spectrum of GRO J1008-57 during a Giant Outburst in 2012
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Takayuki
name: Mihara, Tatehiro
name: Sugizaki, Mutsumi
name: Nakajima, Motoki
name: Makishima, Kazuo
name: Sasano, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the firm detection of a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) in the X-ray spectrum of the Be X-ray binary pulsar, GRO J1008-57, achieved by the Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector during a giant outburst which was detected by the MAXI Gas Slit Camera in 2012 November. The Suzaku observation was carried out on 2012 November 20, outburst maximum when the X-ray flux reached $\sim 0.45$ Crab in 4-10 keV, which corresponds to a luminosity of $1.1 \times 10^{38}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in 0.5--100 keV at 5.8 kpc. The obtained broadband X-ray spectrum from 0.5 keV to 118 keV revealed a significant absorption feature, considered as the fundamental CRSF, at $\sim 76$ keV. This unambiguously reconfirm the previously suggested $\sim$ 80 keV spectral feature in GRO J1008$-$57. The implied surface magnetic field, $6.6\times 10^{12}$ G, is the highest among binary X-ray pulsars from which CRSFs have ever been detected.
Asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with hybrid source
Creators: name: Bai, Jun-Lin
name: Xie, Yuan-Mei
name: Fu, Yao
name: Yin, Hua-Lei
name: Chen, Zeng-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The linear constraint of secret key rate capacity is overcome by the tiwn-field quantum key distribution (QKD). However, the complex phase-locking and phase-tracking technique requirements throttle the real-life applications of twin-field protocol. The asynchronous measurement-device-independent (AMDI) QKD or called mode-pairing QKD protocol can relax the technical requirements and keep the similar performance of twin-field protocol. Here, we propose an AMDI-QKD protocol with a nonclassical light source by changing the phase-randomized weak coherent state to a phase-randomized coherent-state superposition in the signal state time window. Simulation results show that our proposed hybrid source protocol significantly enhances the key rate of the AMDI-QKD protocol, while exhibiting robustness to imperfect modulation of nonclassical light sources.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
The Eigenvalue Problem for the complex Monge-Ampère operator
Creators: name: Badiane, Papa
name: Zeriahi, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32U05, 32W20, 35J66, 35J96

description: We prove the existence of the first eigenvalue and an associated eigenfunction with Dirichlet condition for the complex Monge-Ampère operator on a bounded strongly pseudoconvex domain in $\C^n$. We show that the eigenfunction is plurisubharmonic, smooth with bounded Laplacian in $Ω$ and boundary values $0$. Moreover it is unique up to a positive multiplicative constant. To this end, we follow the strategy used by P.L. Lions in the real case. However, we have to prove a new theorem on the existence of solutions for some special complex degenerate Monge-Ampère equations. This requires establishing new a priori estimates of the gradient and Laplacian of such solutions using methods and results of L. Caffarelli, J.J. Kohn, L. Nirenberg and J. Spruck \cite{CKNS85} and B. Guan \cite{GuanB98}. Finally we provide a Pluripotential variational approach to the problem and using our new existence theorem, we prove a Rayleigh quotient type formula for the first eigenvalue of the complex Monge-Ampère operator.
description: We have corrected some misprints
Regular black holes and the first law of black hole mechanics
Creators: name: Murk, Sebastian
name: Soranidis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Singularity-free regular black holes are a popular alternative to the singular mathematical black holes predicted by general relativity. Here, we derive a generic condition that spherically symmetric dynamical regular black holes must satisfy to be compatible with the first law of black hole mechanics based on an expression for the surface gravity at the outer horizon. We examine the dynamical generalizations of models typically considered in the literature and demonstrate that none of them satisfies the condition required for compatibility with the first law, suggesting that modifications are required to maintain its physical meaning. We show that the need for corrections is inherently linked to the introduction of a minimal length scale and can therefore be seen as a direct consequence of the spacetime regularization. We explicitly identify the additional work terms in the extended first law, comment on their thermodynamic interpretation, and show that the linear coefficient of the Misner-Sharp mass suffices to determine the relevant thermodynamic properties.
description: 11 pages. Published version. Comments welcome!
Constraints on dark energy with the LOSS SN Ia sample
Creators: name: Ganeshalingam, Mohan
name: Li, Weidong
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a cosmological analysis of the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) photometry sample introduced by Ganeshalingam et al. (2010). These SNe provide an effective anchor point to estimate cosmological parameters when combined with datasets at higher redshift. The data presented by Ganeshalingam et al. (2010) have been rereduced in the natural system of the KAIT and Nickel telescopes to minimise systematic uncertainties. We have run the light-curve-fitting software SALT2 on our natural-system light curves to measure light-curve parameters for LOSS light curves and available SN Ia datasets in the literature. We present a Hubble diagram of 586 SNe in the redshift range z=0.01-1.4 with a residual scatter of 0.176 mag. Of the 226 low-z objects in our sample, 91 objects are from LOSS, including 45 SNe without previously published distances. Assuming a flat Universe, we find that the best fit for the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w = -0.86^+0.13_-0.16 (stat) +- 0.11 (sys) from SNe alone, consistent with a cosmological constant. Our data prefer a Universe with an accelerating rate of expansion with 99.999% confidence. When looking at Hubble residuals as a function of host-galaxy morphology, we do not see evidence for a significant trend, although we find a somewhat reduced scatter in Hubble residuals from SNe residing within a projected distance < 10 kpc of the host-galaxy nucleus (σ= 0.156 mag). We find that Hubble residuals do not correlate with the expansion velocity of Si II λ6355 measured in optical spectra near maximum light. Our data are consistent with no presence of a local "Hubble bubble." Improvements in cosmological analyses within low-z samples can be achieved by better constraining calibration uncertainties in the zero points of photometric systems.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures. Accepted to MNRAS. Data available at http://hercules.berkeley.edu/database/
Enabling infinite $Q$ factors in absorbing optical systems
Creators: name: Kolkowski, Radoslaw
name: Shevchenko, Andriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant optical systems have widespread applications in science and technology. However, their quality ($Q$) factors can be significantly deteriorated, if some of their parts exhibit optical absorption. Here, we show that by coupling a lossy mode of such a structure to two independent lossless modes, one can create a nonradiating and absorption-free bound state in the continuum (BIC). The $Q$ factor of such a BIC is theoretically unlimited despite interaction with an absorbing structure. We use this mechanism to design a plasmonic metasurface with $Q$ factors that are close to $10^7$ in the visible spectral range. The proposed mechanism is general and can be used to engineer ultrahigh-$Q$ resonances in various absorbing structures.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Fermionic Gaussian PEPS in $3+1d$: Rotations and Relativistic Limits
Creators: name: Emonts, Patrick
name: Zohar, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fermionic Gaussian Projected Entangled Pair States are fermionic tensor network state constructions which describe the physics of ground states of non-interacting fermionic Hamiltonians. As non-interacting states, one may study and analyze them very efficiently, in both analytical and numerical means. Recently it was shown that they may be used as the starting point - after applying so-called PEPS gauging mechanisms - for variational study of lattice gauge theories. This is done using sign-problem free variational Monte-Carlo. In this work we show how to generalize such states from two to three spatial dimensions, focusing on spin representations and requirements of lattice rotations. We present constructions which are crucial for the application of the above mentioned variational Monte-Carlo techniques for studying non-perturbative lattice gauge theory physics, with fermionic matter, in $2+1$-d and $3+1$-d models. Thus, the constructions presented here are crucial for the study of non-trivial lattice gauge theories with fermionic tensor network states.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Towards A Removal of Temperature Dependencies from Abundance Determinations
Creators: name: Croxall, Kevin V.
name: Smith, J. D.
name: Brandl, B. R.
name: Groves, B. A.
name: Kennicutt, R. C.
name: Kreckel, K.
name: Johnson, B. D.
name: Pellegrini, E.
name: Sandstrom, K. M.
name: Walter, F.
name: Armus, L.
name: Beirao, P.
name: Calzetti, D.
name: Dale, D. A.
name: Galametz, M.
name: Hinz, J. L.
name: Hunt, L. K.
name: Koda, J.
name: Schinnerer, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metal content of a galaxy is a key property for distinguishing between viable galaxy evolutionary scenarios, and it strongly influences many of the physical processes in the interstellar medium. An absolute and robust determination of extragalactic metallicities is essential in constraining models of chemical enrichment and chemical evolution, however, current gas phase abundance determinations from optical fine-structure lines are uncertain to 0.8 dex as conversion of these optical line fluxes to abundances is strongly dependent on the electron temperature of the ionized gas. In contrast, the far-IR emission lines can be used to derive an O++ abundance that is relatively insensitive to temperature, while the ratio of the optical to far-IR lines provides a consistent temperature to be used in the derivation of an O$^+$ abundance. We present observations of the [O III] 88 \micron\ fine-structure line in NGC 628 that were obtained as part of the KINGFISH program. These data are combined with optical IFU data to derive oxygen abundances for seven HII regions. We find the abundance of these regions to all lie between the high and low values of strong line calibrations and in agreement with estimates that assume temperature fluctuations are present in the HII regions.
description: 12 pages, 7 Figures, 3 Tables, 6 online-only figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
SciLit: A Platform for Joint Scientific Literature Discovery, Summarization and Citation Generation
Creators: name: Gu, Nianlong
name: Hahnloser, Richard H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scientific writing involves retrieving, summarizing, and citing relevant papers, which can be time-consuming processes in large and rapidly evolving fields. By making these processes inter-operable, natural language processing (NLP) provides opportunities for creating end-to-end assistive writing tools. We propose SciLit, a pipeline that automatically recommends relevant papers, extracts highlights, and suggests a reference sentence as a citation of a paper, taking into consideration the user-provided context and keywords. SciLit efficiently recommends papers from large databases of hundreds of millions of papers using a two-stage pre-fetching and re-ranking literature search system that flexibly deals with addition and removal of a paper database. We provide a convenient user interface that displays the recommended papers as extractive summaries and that offers abstractively-generated citing sentences which are aligned with the provided context and which mention the chosen keyword(s). Our assistive tool for literature discovery and scientific writing is available at https://scilit.vercel.app
description: Accepted at ACL 2023 System Demonstration
From mobile phone data to the spatial structure of cities
Creators: name: Louail, Thomas
name: Lenormand, Maxime
name: Cantú, Oliva García
name: Picornell, Miguel
name: Herranz, Ricardo
name: Frias-Martinez, Enrique
name: Ramasco, José J.
name: Barthelemy, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pervasive infrastructures, such as cell phone networks, enable to capture large amounts of human behavioral data but also provide information about the structure of cities and their dynamical properties. In this article, we focus on these last aspects by studying phone data recorded during 55 days in 31 Spanish metropolitan areas. We first define an urban dilatation index which measures how the average distance between individuals evolves during the day, allowing us to highlight different types of city structure. We then focus on hotspots, the most crowded places in the city. We propose a parameter free method to detect them and to test the robustness of our results. The number of these hotspots scales sublinearly with the population size, a result in agreement with previous theoretical arguments and measures on employment datasets. We study the lifetime of these hotspots and show in particular that the hierarchy of permanent ones, which constitute the "heart" of the city, is very stable whatever the size of the city. The spatial structure of these hotspots is also of interest and allows us to distinguish different categories of cities, from monocentric and "segregated" where the spatial distribution is very dependent on land use, to polycentric where the spatial mixing between land uses is much more important. These results point towards the possibility of a new, quantitative classification of cities using high resolution spatio-temporal data.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
Mini-VLAT: A Short and Effective Measure of Visualization Literacy
Creators: name: Pandey, Saugat
name: Ottley, Alvitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The visualization community regards visualization literacy as a necessary skill. Yet, despite the recent increase in research into visualization literacy by the education and visualization communities, we lack practical and time-effective instruments for the widespread measurements of people's comprehension and interpretation of visual designs. We present Mini-VLAT, a brief but practical visualization literacy test. The Mini-VLAT is a 12-item short form of the 53-item Visualization Literacy Assessment Test (VLAT). The Mini-VLAT is reliable (coefficient omega = 0.72) and strongly correlates with the VLAT. Five visualization experts validated the Mini-VLAT items, yielding an average content validity ratio (CVR) of 0.6. We further validate Mini-VLAT by demonstrating a strong positive correlation between study participants' Mini-VLAT scores and their aptitude for learning an unfamiliar visualization using a Parallel Coordinate Plot test. Overall, the Mini-VLAT items showed a similar pattern of validity and reliability as the 53-item VLAT. The results show that Mini-VLAT is a psychometrically sound and practical short measure of visualization literacy.
Thermal Equation of State of U$_6$Fe from Experiments and Calculations
Creators: name: Brennan, Matthew C.
name: Coe, Joshua D.
name: Hernandez, Sarah C.
name: Huston, Larissa Q.
name: Thomas, Sean M.
name: Crockett, Scott
name: Sturtevant, Blake T.
name: Bauer, Eric D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Actinide-bearing intermetallics display unusual electronic, magnetic, and physical properties which arise from the complex behavior of their 5$f$ electron orbitals. Temperature ($T$) effects on actinide intermetallics are well studied, but high pressure ($P$) properties and phase stabilities are known for only a handful of compositions. Furthermore, almost no data exist for simultaneous high $P$ and high $T$. We performed ambient-$T$ diamond anvil cell X-ray diffraction experiments to study the behavior of the intermetallic U$_6$Fe upon compression up to 82 GPa. U$_6$Fe remains stable in the tetragonal $I4/mcm$ structure over this pressure range. We also performed ambient $P$, low-$T$ diffraction and heat capacity measurements to constrain U$_6$Fe's thermal behavior. These data were combined with calculations and fitted to a Mie-Gruneisen/Birch-Murnaghan thermal equation of state with the following parameter values at ambient $P$: bulk modulus $B_0$ = 124.0 GPa, pressure derivative $B'_0$ = 5.6, Gruneisen parameter $Γ_0$ = 2.028, volume exponent $q$ = 0.934, Debye temperature $θ_0$ = 175 K, and unit cell volume $V_0$ = 554.4 angstrom$^3$. We report $T$-dependent thermal expansion coefficients and bond lengths of U$_6$Fe, which demonstrate the anisotropic compressibility and negative thermal expansion of the crystallographic $c$ axis. Additionally, density-functional theory calculations indicate increased delocalization of U$_6$Fe bonds at high $P$.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, and 3 tables in main text. 10 pages, 10 figures, and 1 table in the supplemental material
Clockwork Cosmology
Creators: name: Wood, Kieran
name: Saffin, Paul M.
name: Avgoustidis, Anastasios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The higher order generalisation of the clockwork mechanism to gravitational interactions provides a means to generate an exponentially suppressed coupling to matter from a fundamental theory of multiple interacting gravitons, without introducing large hierarchies in the underlying potential and without the need for a dilaton, suggesting a possible application to the hierarchy problem. We work in the framework of ghost free multi-gravity with "nearest-neighbour" interactions, and present a formalism by which one is able to construct potentials such that the theory will always exhibit this clockwork effect. We also consider cosmological solutions to the general theory, where all metrics are of FRW form, with site-dependent scale factors/lapses. We demonstrate the existence of multiple deSitter vacua where all metrics share the same Hubble parameter, and we solve the modified Einstein equations numerically for an example clockwork model constructed using our formalism, finding that the evolution of the metric that matter couples to is essentially equivalent to that of general relativity at the modified Planck scale. It is important to stress that while we focus on the application to clockwork theories, our work is entirely general and facilitates finding cosmological solutions to any ghost free multi-gravity theory with "nearest-neighbour" interactions. Moreover, we clarify previous work on the continuum limit of the theory, which is generically a scalar-tensor braneworld, using the Randall-Sundrum model as a special case and showing how the discrete-clockwork cosmological results map to the continuum results in the appropriate limit.
description: 48 pages, 4 figures
Is the CMB telling us that dark matter is weaker than weakly interacting?
Creators: name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If moduli, or other long-lived heavy states, decay in the early universe in part into light and feebly interacting particles (such as axions), these decay products could account for the additional energy density in radiation that is suggested by recent measurements of the CMB. These moduli decays will also, however, alter the expansion history of the early universe, potentially diluting the thermal relic abundance of dark matter. If this is the case, then dark matter particles must annihilate with an even lower cross section than required in the standard thermal scenario (sigma v < 3x10^-26 cm^3/s) if they are to make up the observed density of dark matter. This possibility has significant implications for direct and indirect searches for dark matter.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Measuring the Hubble Constant Using Strongly Lensed Gravitational Wave Signals
Creators: name: Huang, Shun-Jia
name: Hu, Yi-Ming
name: Chen, Xian
name: Zhang, Jian-dong
name: Li, En-Kun
name: Gao, Zucheng
name: Lin, Xin-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of the Hubble constant $H_0$ plays an important role in the study of cosmology. In this letter, we propose a new method to constrain the Hubble constant using the strongly lensed gravitational wave (GW) signals. By reparameterizing the waveform, we find that the lensed waveform is sensitive to the $H_0$. Assuming the scenario that no electromagnetic counterpart of the GW source can be identified, our method can still give meaningful constraints on the $H_0$ with the information of the lens redshift. We then apply Fisher information matrix and Markov Chain Monte Carlo to evaluate the potential of this method. For the space-based GW detector, TianQin, the $H_0$ can be constrained within a relative error of $\sim$ 0.3-2\%, using a single strongly lensed GW event. Precision varies according to different levels of electromagnetic information.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Black holes with massive graviton hair
Creators: name: Brito, Richard
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: No-hair theorems exclude the existence of nontrivial scalar and massive vector hair outside four-dimensional, static, asymptotically flat black-hole spacetimes. We show, by explicitly building nonlinear solutions, that black holes can support massive graviton hair in theories of massive gravity. These hairy solutions are, most likely, the generic end state of the recently discovered monopole instability of Schwarzschild black holes in massive graviton theories.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Analysis: an Experimental Study
Creators: name: Mazurowski, Maciej A.
name: Dong, Haoyu
name: Gu, Hanxue
name: Yang, Jichen
name: Konz, Nicholas
name: Zhang, Yixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training segmentation models for medical images continues to be challenging due to the limited availability of data annotations. Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a foundation model that is intended to segment user-defined objects of interest in an interactive manner. While the performance on natural images is impressive, medical image domains pose their own set of challenges. Here, we perform an extensive evaluation of SAM's ability to segment medical images on a collection of 19 medical imaging datasets from various modalities and anatomies. We report the following findings: (1) SAM's performance based on single prompts highly varies depending on the dataset and the task, from IoU=0.1135 for spine MRI to IoU=0.8650 for hip X-ray. (2) Segmentation performance appears to be better for well-circumscribed objects with prompts with less ambiguity and poorer in various other scenarios such as the segmentation of brain tumors. (3) SAM performs notably better with box prompts than with point prompts. (4) SAM outperforms similar methods RITM, SimpleClick, and FocalClick in almost all single-point prompt settings. (5) When multiple-point prompts are provided iteratively, SAM's performance generally improves only slightly while other methods' performance improves to the level that surpasses SAM's point-based performance. We also provide several illustrations for SAM's performance on all tested datasets, iterative segmentation, and SAM's behavior given prompt ambiguity. We conclude that SAM shows impressive zero-shot segmentation performance for certain medical imaging datasets, but moderate to poor performance for others. SAM has the potential to make a significant impact in automated medical image segmentation in medical imaging, but appropriate care needs to be applied when using it.
description: Link to our code: https://github.com/mazurowski-lab/segment-anything-medical-evaluation
Nonstationary iterated Tikhonov regularization in Banach spaces with uniformly convex penalty terms
Creators: name: Jin, Qinian
name: Zhong, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the nonstationary iterated Tikhonov regularization in Banach spaces which defines the iterates via minimization problems with uniformly convex penalty term. The penalty term is allowed to be non-smooth to include $L^1$ and total variation (TV) like penalty functionals, which are significant in reconstructing special features of solutions such as sparsity and discontinuities in practical applications. We present the detailed convergence analysis and obtain the regularization property when the method is terminated by the discrepancy principle. In particular we establish the strong convergence and the convergence in Bregman distance which sharply contrast with the known results that only provide weak convergence for a subsequence of the iterative solutions. Some numerical experiments on linear integral equations of first kind and parameter identification in differential equations are reported.
description: To appear in Numerische Mathematik
MANER: Multi-Agent Neural Rearrangement Planning of Objects in Cluttered Environments
Creators: name: Gupta, Vivek
name: Dhir, Praphpreet
name: Dani, Jeegn
name: Qureshi, Ahmed H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object rearrangement is a fundamental problem in robotics with various practical applications ranging from managing warehouses to cleaning and organizing home kitchens. While existing research has primarily focused on single-agent solutions, real-world scenarios often require multiple robots to work together on rearrangement tasks. This paper proposes a comprehensive learning-based framework for multi-agent object rearrangement planning, addressing the challenges of task sequencing and path planning in complex environments. The proposed method iteratively selects objects, determines their relocation regions, and pairs them with available robots under kinematic feasibility and task reachability for execution to achieve the target arrangement. Our experiments on a diverse range of simulated and real-world environments demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed framework. Furthermore, results indicate improved performance in terms of traversal time and success rate compared to baseline approaches.
description: The videos and supplementary material are available at https://sites.google.com/view/maner-supplementary
Pre-equilibrium α-particle emission as a probe to study α-clustering in nuclei
Creators: name: Fotina, O. V.
name: Goncharov, S. A.
name: Eremenko, D. O.
name: Platonov, S. Yu.
name: Yuminov, O. A.
name: Kravchuk, V. L.
name: Gramegna, F.
name: Marchi, T.
name: Cinausero, M.
name: D'Agostino, M.
name: Bruno, M.
name: Baiocco, G.
name: Morelli, L.
name: Degerlier, M.
name: Casini, G.
name: Barlini, S.
name: Valdrè, S.
name: Piantelli, S.
name: Pasquali, G.
name: Bracco, A.
name: Camera, F.
name: Wieland, O.
name: Benzoni, G.
name: Blasi, N.
name: Giaz, A.
name: Corsi, A.
name: Fabris, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical approach was developed to describe secondary particle emission in heavy ion collisions, with special regards to pre-equilibrium α-particle production. Griffin's model of non-equilibrium processes is used to account for the first stage of the compound system formation, while a Monte Carlo statistical approach was used to describe the further decay from a hot source at thermal equilibrium. The probabilities of neutron, proton and α-particle emission have been evaluated for both the equilibrium and pre-equilibrium stages of the process. Fission and γ-ray emission competition were also considered after equilibration. Effects due the possible cluster structure of the projectile which has been excited during the collisions have been experimentally evidenced studying the double differential cross sections of p and α-particles emitted in the E=250MeV 16O +116Sn reaction. Calculations within the present model with different clusterization probabilities have been compared to the experimental data.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Cavity-induced charge transfer in periodic systems: length-gauge formalism
Creators: name: Vlasiuk, Ekaterina
name: Kozin, Valerii K.
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Iorsh, Ivan V.
name: Tokatly, Ilya V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a length-gauge formalism for treating one-dimensional periodic lattice systems in the presence of a photon cavity inducing light-matter interaction. The purpose of the formalism is to remove mathematical ambiguities that occur when defining the position operator in the context of the Power-Zienau-Woolley Hamiltonian. We then use a diagrammatic approach to analyze perturbatively the interaction between an electronic quantum system and a photonic cavity mode of long wavelength. We illustrate the versatility of the formalism by studying the cavity-induced electric charge imbalance and polarization in the Rice-Mele model with broken inversion symmetry.
description: published version
Texterkennung von Handschriften mit Transkribus. Modelltraining – Herangehensweisen und Problematiken
Creators: name: Huff, Dorothee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: OCR-BW
OCR
HTR
Transkribus
Automatische Texterkennung
Modelltraining

description: Vorstellung der Nutzung von Transkribus im Projekt OCR-BW mit Schwerpunkt auf dem Thema Modelltraining mit Vergleich zweier Herangehensweisen. Während für das Korpus der Tagebücher von Edwin Hennig zunächst ein zeitlich stark spezialisiertes Modell erstellt und dieses durch Nachtraining erweitert wurde, wurde für den Bestand der griechischen Predigtnachschriften von Martin Crusius von vorneherein Material aus allen Jahrgängen für das Modelltraining herangezogen.
Dissipation induced macroscopic entanglement in an open optical lattice
Creators: name: Kordas, G.
name: Wimberger, S.
name: Witthaut, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method for the dissipative preparation of strongly correlated quantum states of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice via localized particle loss. The interplay of dissipation and interactions enables different types of dynamics. This ushers a new line of experimental methods to maintain the coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate or to deterministically generate macroscopically entangled quantum states.
description: 4 figures
Naive Dimensional Analysis Counting of Gauge Theory Amplitudes and Anomalous Dimensions
Creators: name: Jenkins, Elizabeth E.
name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
name: Trott, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that naive dimensional analysis (NDA) is equivalent to the result that L-loop scattering amplitudes have perturbative order N=L+Delta, with a shift Delta that depends on the NDA-weight of operator insertions. The NDA weight of an operator is defined in this paper, and the general NDA formula for perturbative order N is derived. The formula is used to explain why the one-loop anomalous dimension matrix for dimension-six operators in the Standard Model effective field theory has entries with perturbative order ranging from 0 to 4. The results in this paper are valid for an arbitrary effective field theory, and they constrain the coupling constant dependence of anomalous dimensions and scattering amplitudes in a general effective field theory.
description: 10 pages, 1 fig
Customer Perception and Responsiveness Behavior Study on Bulk SMS Advertisements for Target Customer Identification: The case of Ethio Telecom
Creators: name: Getachew, Samuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Bulk-messaging, one of the technologies carried by the telecom industry, is a process

of sending a large number of messages to many people at once. It is likely

a more economical and effective way of marketing media as compared to others.

Therefore, many companies are using this service for advertisement. Since it is

most likely flooding without customers’ consent, it can be one of the services that

affect customers’ responsiveness behavior. Studying customers’ preferences prior

to sending a message will help to overcome resource dissipation due to messaging

and reduces customers’ offensiveness.

The aim of this thesis is to identify factors that affect customers’ responsiveness

attitude and classify customers based on the level of responses, towards bulkmessaging

advertisements in the case of Ethio Telecom customers. In this thesis,

two different types of data were used i.e. data collected in-person via questionnaire

and a Call Detail Records (CDR) data. Among 620 distributed questionnaires

528 were replied. Moreover, a CDR data of 29,506 messages got responses

among 419,249 delivered messages. A statistical mean method and data mining

techniques were used to classify a survey and CDR data respectively.
Maria Bakondiu – Olga Gratziu (Hrsg.), Η γλυπτική στη βενετική Κρήτη (1211–1669).
Creators: name: Ranoutsaki, Chryssa
Publisher: name: The Byzantine Review
Year: 2024
Subjects: Crete
sculpture
Venetian dominion

description: Maria Bakondiu – Olga Gratziu (Hrsg.), Η γλυπτική στη βενετική Κρήτη (1211–1669). Τόμ. Α΄: Μελέτες, τόμ. Β΄: Lapidarium. Herakleio: Πανεπιστημιακές Εκδόσεις Κρήτης 2022.
description: The Byzantine Review, Bd. 6 (2024)
Base Fee Manipulation In Ethereum's EIP-1559 Transaction Fee Mechanism
Creators: name: Azouvi, Sarah
name: Goren, Guy
name: Heimbach, Lioba
name: Hicks, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In 2021 Ethereum adjusted the transaction pricing mechanism by implementing EIP-1559, which introduces the base fee - a network fee that is burned and dynamically adjusts to the network demand. The authors of the Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) noted that a miner with more than 50% of the mining power could be incentivized to deviate from the honest mining strategy. Instead, such a miner could propose a series of empty blocks to artificially lower demand and increase her future rewards. In this paper, we generalize this attack and show that under rational player behavior, deviating from the honest strategy can be profitable for a miner with less than 50% of the mining power. We show that even when miners do not collaborate, it is at times rational for smaller miners to join the attack. Finally, we propose a mitigation to address the identified vulnerability.
description: In Proceedings of International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC) 2023
Metric $f(R)$ gravity with dynamical dark energy as a scenario for the Hubble tension
Creators: name: Montani, Giovanni
name: De Angelis, Mariaveronica
name: Bombacigno, Flavio
name: Carlevaro, Nakia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a theoretical framework to interpret the Hubble tension, based on the combination of a metric $f(R)$ gravity with a dynamical dark energy contribution. The modified gravity provides the non-minimally coupled scalar field responsible for the proper scaling of the Hubble constant, in order to accommodate for the local SNIa pantheon+ data and Planck measurements. The dynamical dark energy source, which exhibits a phantom divide line separating the low red-shift quintessence regime ($-1
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Validity of the relations between the synodic and sidereal rotation velocities of the Sun
Creators: name: Skokić, I.
name: Brajša, R.
name: Roša, D.
name: Hržina, D.
name: Wöhl, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Existing methods for conversion between synodic and sidereal rotation velocities of the Sun are tested for validity using state of the art ephemeris data. It is found that some of them are in good agreement with ephemeris calculations, while the other ones show a discrepancy of almost 0.01 deg per day. The discrepancy is attributed to a missing factor and a new corrected relation is given.
description: Accepted for publication in Sol. Phys., 7 pages, 3 figures
Att-KGCN: Tourist Attractions Recommendation System by using Attention mechanism and Knowledge Graph Convolution Network
Creators: name: Mubarak, Ahmad A.
name: Li, JingJing
name: Cao, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recommendation algorithm based on knowledge graphs is at a relatively mature stage. However, there are still some problems in the recommendation of specific areas. For example, in the tourism field, selecting suitable tourist attraction attributes process is complicated as the recommendation basis for tourist attractions. In this paper, we propose the improved Attention Knowledge Graph Convolution Network model, named ($Att-KGCN$), which automatically discovers the neighboring entities of the target scenic spot semantically. The attention layer aggregates relatively similar locations and represents them with an adjacent vector. Then, according to the tourist's preferred choices, the model predicts the probability of similar spots as a recommendation system. A knowledge graph dataset of tourist attractions used based on tourism data on Socotra Island-Yemen. Through experiments, it is verified that the Attention Knowledge Graph Convolution Network has a good effect on the recommendation of tourist attractions and can make more recommendations for tourists' choices.
description: 7pages, 4 figures, This paper has been submitted to The 3rd International Conference on Emerging Smart Technologies and Applications (eSmarTA2023)
Preparation of Nuclear Spin Singlet States using Spin-Lock Induced Crossing
Creators: name: DeVience, Stephen J.
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
name: Rosen, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a broadly applicable technique to create nuclear spin singlet states in organic molecules and other many-atom systems. We employ a novel pulse sequence to produce a spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC) of the spin singlet and triplet energy levels, which enables triplet/singlet polarization transfer and singlet state preparation. We demonstrate the utility of the SLIC method by producing a long-lived nuclear spin singlet state on two strongly-coupled proton pairs in the tripeptide molecule phenylalanine-glycine-glycine dissolved in D2O, and by using SLIC to measure the J-couplings, chemical shift differences, and singlet lifetimes of the proton pairs. We show that SLIC is more efficient at creating nearly-equivalent nuclear spin singlet states than previous pulse sequence techniques, especially when triplet/singlet polarization transfer occurs on the same timescale as spin-lattice relaxation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Modelling the Hidden Magnetic Field of Low-Mass Stars
Creators: name: Lang, P.
name: Jardine, M.
name: Morin, J.
name: Donati, J-F.
name: Jeffers, S.
name: Vidotto, A. A.
name: Fares, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zeeman-Doppler imaging is a spectropolarimetric technique that is used to map the large-scale surface magnetic fields of stars. These maps in turn are used to study the structure of the stars' coronae and winds. This method, however, misses any small-scale magnetic flux whose polarisation signatures cancel out. Measurements of Zeeman broadening show that a large percentage of the surface magnetic flux may be neglected in this way. In this paper we assess the impact of this 'missing flux' on the predicted coronal structure and the possible rates of spin down due to the stellar wind. To do this we create a model for the small-scale field and add this to the Zeeman-Doppler maps of the magnetic fields of a sample of 12 M dwarfs. We extrapolate this combined field and determine the structure of a hydrostatic, isothermal corona. The addition of small-scale surface field produces a carpet of low-lying magnetic loops that covers most of the surface, including the stellar equivalent of solar 'coronal holes' where the large-scale field is opened up by the stellar wind and hence would be X-ray dark. We show that the trend of the X-ray emission measure with rotation rate (the so-called 'activity-rotation relation') is unaffected by the addition of small-scale field, when scaled with respect to the large-scale field of each star. The addition of small-scale field increases the surface flux; however, the large-scale open flux that governs the loss of mass and angular momentum in the wind remains unaffected. We conclude that spin-down times and mass loss rates calculated from surface magnetograms are unlikely to be significantly influenced by the neglect of small-scale field.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Nuclear binding energies from a BPS Skyrme model
Creators: name: Adam, C.
name: Naya, C.
name: Sanchez-Guillen, J.
name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, within the space of generalized Skyrme models, a BPS submodel was identified which reproduces some bulk properties of nuclear matter already on a classical level and, as such, constitutes a promising field theory candidate for the detailed and reliable description of nuclei and hadrons. Here we extend and further develop these investigations by applying the model to the calculation of nuclear binding energies. Concretely, we calculate these binding energies by including the classical soliton energies, the excitation energies from the collective coordinate quantization of spin and isospin, the electrostatic Coulomb energies and a small explicit isospin symmetry breaking, which accounts for the mass difference between proton and neutron. The integrability properties of the BPS Skyrme model allow, in fact, for an analytical calculation of all contributions, which may then be compared with the semi-empirical mass formula. We find that for heavier nuclei, where the model is expected to be more accurate on theoretical grounds, the resulting binding energies are already in excellent agreement with their physical values. This result provides further strong evidence for the viability of the BPS Skyrme model as a distinguished starting point and lowest order approximation for the detailed quantitative investigation of nuclear and hadron physics.
description: Latex, 25 pages, 3 figures