cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Axina bifasciata  1876
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Axina
Axina bifasciata

description: Axina bifasciata (Chevrolat), 1876
Figures 69, 84.
Priocera bifasciata Chevrolat, 1876: 9. Holotype. Female. Type locality: Brasilia, Santa Rita, Augusto, J. Sahlberg (MNHN). Corporaal 1950: 98. Dos Santos and Filho 1982: 44.
Diagnosis. The round testaceous marking on the basal ½ of the elytral disc will distinguish the members of this species from congeners.
Redescription. Size. Length 11.0 mm; width 2.8 mm. Form. As in Fig. 84. Color. Forebody, pterothorax, and legs dark castaneous; antenna testaceous; elytra bicolorous, disc mostly castaneous, large round testaceous marking in elytral basal ½, apical 1/3 testaceous; abdomen flavotestaceous. Head. Cranium finely punctate, frons about as wide as length of antennal pedicel; EW/FW 55/15. Thorax. Pronotum finely punctate, with 2 tumescences, narrowly concave at middle; PW/PL 120/165; elytra with asetiferous punctures concentrated in basal half near sutural margin, interstitial spaces very wide; EL/EW 480/85. Abdomen. Aedeagus, phallobasic lobes very short, contiguous; edge of phallic plates serrate; phallobasic apodeme slightly lengthened.
Variation. Size. Length 10.0–13.0 mm; width 2.2–3.5 mm. Other than body size, the available specimens are quite homogeneous.
Natural history. Specimens were collected in Brazil during June, November, and December, one at 960 m.
Distribution (for map see Fig. 69). In addition to the holotype, I examined 19 specimens from: Brazil: Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,?-XI-?. collector not noted; Estado do Bahia,?- VI- 1972, 960 m, Moacir Alvarenga; Villa Victoria,?-?-1890, Ch. Pujol; Estado do Minas Gerais, Pedra Azul,?- XII-1970, F. M. Oliveira. Specimens are deposited in: AMNH, BMNH, CASC, CMNH, CUIC, FSCA, MCNZ, MNHN, WFBM, and WOPC.
Notes. The holotype was examined, but the description is based on a homotype specimen.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the Western Hemisphere checkered beetle genus Axina Kirby (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae), pp. 1-70 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (793) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4564947
The Benefits of Community Supported Agriculture
Creators: name: Paracha, Zain
name: Dang, Annie
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Addressing the global food crisis with economical and sustainable farming practices
description: Community supported agriculture is a new innovation in classic farming techniques that utilizes sustainable agricultural practices while fostering economic, environmental, and economic consciousness. This model brings together entire communities or people who can reap the benefits of healthier, organically grown food. By splitting up the responsibilities involved in supporting and maintaining a farm both financially and labor wise, people are brought together in various ways to lead healthier, happier, and more prosperous lives. Our primary mission is to introduce the CSA concept to developing countries in order to address the issues they are currently facing, such as unstable economies, unstable food production, and unstable lives. For this project, we focused on introducing CSA to Khuda Ki Basti, a small, poverty stricken town in Pakistan with a population of 1,800. By creating a community compost, splitting up container gardens throughout the town, and using raised beds, families will be able to have food and have more sustainable communities, not just gardens.
O'ZBEKISTONDA YOSHLAR BANDLIGINI TA'MINLASHNING SOTSIAL OMILLARI
Creators: name: Ikromova Jasmina Ilhomovna Mirzo Ulugʻbek nomidagi O'zbekiston  Milliy Universiteti Sotsiologiya yo'nalishi 1-kurs talabasi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqolada muallif yoshlarning bandligi masalalarini sotsiologik jihatdan tahlil qilgan. O‘zbekistonda yoshlar bandligi e’tibor va aralashuvni talab qiluvchi muhim masaladir. Ushbu maqolada mamlakatning yosh aholisini mehnat bozori talabining cheklanganligi, malakali o'qitishning yetarli darajasi hamda tarmoq imkoniyatlarining yo'qligi kabi turli omillar tufayli barqaror va to'liq bandlik imkoniyatlarini topishda qiyinchiliklarga duch kelayotganligi  haqida yoritilgan. O‘zbekiston yoshlar uchun ta’lim, malaka oshirish va ish o‘rinlari yaratishga sarmoya kiritib, o‘z yoshlari salohiyatidan foydalanishi va barcha uchun yanada farovon kelajak yaratishi mumkin.

Kalit so`zlar: Yoshlar, bandlik, sarmoya, tadbirkorlik, innovatsiya, iqtisod, kasb-hunar, ko'nikmalarni rivojlantirish, ish haqi.
New Jersey's First Genetically Modified Organism Legislation Tailored to Helping Farmers
Creators: name: Heller, Rebecca
name: Wojdyga, Aleksander
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Regulation to expand New Jersey’s oversight and liability set towards biotechnology and genetically engineered crops
description: Farmers around the United States have been facing physical and financial problems on their farms due to genetically modified crop contamination. GMO crop seeds and pollen drift from GMO farms to non-GMO farms and lead to cross contamination. These contaminations lead to the destruction of non-GMO crops; the results can be as severe as physical disfigurements to entire harvest failure. Aside from the loss of these crops, non-GMO farmers still face lawsuits brought forth by GMO producing biotechnology corporations. These local farmers are being sued for growing patented products, despite the contamination cause being natural wind drift. California has recently adopted new regulations in order to protect their local farmers from these unethical patent infringement cases. Using California as a model, New Jersey must follow suit and institute legislation that protect its own farmers. A proposal for such action has been drafted and sent to local organizations as well as to New Jersey legislators. In addition to a detailed letter about the issue at hand, a model for legislation was included so it may be reviewed and used as a base for New Jersey legislators. An alliance between New Jersey farmers, agricultural organizations and constituents can garner the support needed to sway legislators into drafting New Jersey’s first legislation at protecting farmers from genetically engineered crop threats.
Sagittocythere barri Hart 1962, new species
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Sagittocythere
Sagittocythere barri

description: * Sagittocythere barri (Hart & Hobbs, 1961) Hart, 1962
1961a Entocythere barri new species.—Hart & Hobbs: 174, 175–177, 178, 180, 184, Figs. 1 –8 (A, D, H, K, R, T). 1962 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961) new combination.—Hart: 135–136 [and as E. barri], 146, 147, Figs. 9, 11–18 (C, D, T).
1965 S. barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961).—Hobbs: 163 (R).
1966a Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs).—Hart & Hart: 7–9, Fig. 11 (A, D, H, R).
1968 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961).—Barr: 160, 190, 191, 192 (C, D, H, R).
1968 S. barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961).—Ferguson: 502 (C, D).
1971 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961).—Hobbs III: 142 (A, D, H).
1972 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs).—Hobbs & Barr: 81 (D, H).
1974 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961).—Hart & Hart: 99, 114–115, 116, 209, 229, Pl. XXXIII Figs. 8– 9, Pl. LIII (C, D, H, R, T).
1975 Sagittocythere barri (Hart & Hobbs, 1961).—Hart & Hart: 42 [as Entocythere barri], 43 (C, D, H).
1975 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961).—Hobbs: 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290 (and as Entocythere barri), 291, 292, 293, 294, 295 [by implication], 296, 297, 298, 299, Fig. 5 (C, D, E, H).
1977 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961:174).—Hobbs, Hobbs & Daniel: 151, 152, 177, 183 (D, H).
1977 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs, 1961:174).—Hobbs & Peters: 13 (C, E).
1980 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs).—Hobbs: 148 (D, H).
1997 Sagittocythere barri (Hart and Hobbs).—Cooper & Cooper: 125 (D, H).
2014a Sagittocythere barri (Hart & Hobbs, 1961).—Mestre, Monrós & Mesquita-Joanes: 950, 938 [as Sagittocythere barry, erroneous spelling in cited reference title] (C).
Remarks: Due to issues with publication quality, the original figures were re-engraved and presented in Hart (1962: 147, Figs. 11–18). Hart (1962: 136) erroneously lists these Figs. as 10–17 (see errata, Hart 1962: 148). The type locality for Entocythere barri [= Sagittocythere barri] was erroneously reported by Hart & Hobbs (1961: 175) as Cave Spring Cave, Morgan County, Alabama. The authors had mistaken this cave for the true type locality, bearing the same name, in Madison County, Alabama. Similarly, Hart & Hobbs erred in reporting Cambarus jonesi as one of two hosts for this species. These errors—noted by Martha R. Cooper—were corrected in Hart & Hart (1974: 115).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492
Behind the Scenes of Calcium
Creators: name: Robles, Irving
name: Sichel, Christopher
name: Yam, Tiffany
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: An investigation that looks further into what most consumers overlook in terms of the source of the actual calcium, and determining different derivations of calcium
description: In today’s society, concerns of healthy food choices are increasing as each day passes by. Nutrient deficiencies are being treated with dietary supplements. These are regarded as generally safe choices, although consumers do not really know how dietary supplements are processed. For the purpose of our paper we decided to investigate further on one of the more popular supplements, calcium.
The Effects of Maternal Nutrition on the Developing Fetus Later in Life
Creators: name: Ellis, Britney
name: Giannetti, Lauren
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: An analysis of studies and theories that have shown how poor nutrition during pregnancy can lead to metabolic and psychological conditions and suggested dietary guidance to prevent these occurrences
description: In every country in the world, especially in the US, the prevalence of metabolic diseases is drastically increasing every day. Though there are more unhealthy food choices and options today, it has been suggested through new genetic research that predisposal to these conditions could have been established even before birth. In the first section, specific areas of research are looked at to find a correlation between the effects of malnutrition, the interactions between vitamins and minerals, and deficiencies on the fetus’s genetic makeup. It also shows the important features of dietary guidelines on the body and the fetus including specific complications that could occur when these guidelines are not followed.  In the second section, a service project of posting questions on three pregnancy blogs and answering them to spread awareness of the effects of maternal nutrition is described. Through a collaboration of several studies, it can be determined that maternal nutrition is an extremely important determinant of whether or not a baby will develop metabolic diseases later in life.
Orthetrum kafwi Dijkstra, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.
name: Kipping, Jens
name: Mézière, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Libellulidae
Orthetrum
Orthetrum kafwi

description: Orthetrum kafwi Dijkstra sp. nov. – Bog Skimmer (Type Photo 51, Photo 67, Fig. 31)
Taxonomy
Morphologically similar to O. hintzi Schmidt, 1951 among which it was discovered, but genetically closer to the saegeri -group (see O. agaricum sp. nov.), which includes the also syntopic O. lusinga sp. nov. (Tree 8). Treated as a distinct species by Dijkstra & Clausnitzer (2014).
Material studied
Holotype ♂. RMNH.INS.505544, Congo-Kinshasa, Katanga, Upemba National Park, Kabwekanono, source area of Kafwi, stream through gallery forest and bogs in open grassy plains (Photo 67), 1770–1820 m. a.s.l. (8.937°S 27.166°E), 15-xi-2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH.
Further material. CONGO-KINSHASA (Katanga): 4♂ (RMNH.INS.505554, RMNH.INS.505579), 2♀ (RMNH.INS.505553), 2♂ ♀, as holotype, RMNH. 1♂ 1♀, Upemba National Park, source area of Lusinga near park headquarters, spring streams in gallery forest and adjacent bog, dam and channel, 1760–1800 m a.s.l. (8.933°S 27.199°E), 11-xi-2011, leg. K.- D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH.
Genetics
One unique haplotype (n =4) is perhaps the most distinct within saegeri - group (Tree 8)
. Male morphological diagnosis
Recalls the widespread and syntopic O. hintzi by (a) small size, Hw 23.7– 26.0 mm (n = 6); (b) the absence of cell-doublings in the radial planate and
thus a single row of cells there; (c) the pale subcostal Ax; (d) the large pale Pt that are about 13–14 % of Hw length, 3.2– 3.5 mm; and (e) the narrow space between the triangular and out-turned hook and prominent lobe of the hamule (Fig. 31). When not pruinose also similar by (f) the absence of a black line on the metepimeral carina; (g) the dorsa of S4–10 yellow with black lateral halves; and (h) the cerci always dark. However, (1) the frons anterior to the vertex, as well as the labium, is always pale and never marked with black; and (2) the hamule has a straight rather than convex anterior border, ending in a slender hook that is distinctly longer rather than shorter than it is wide at the point where it turns outward when seen in ventral view (Fig. 31). Also, when not yet pruinose (3) the dorsal carina of S3–9 is always marked with a thin black line.
Etymology
Named after the Kafwi River, of which the type locality is the source (noun in apposition). The name also mimics the genitive suffix of most related species.
Range and ecology
Found between 1 760 and 1 820 m a.s.l. at boggy areas bordering forest patches on the otherwise grassy Kibara Plateau in Upemba National Park, Katanga (Map 11).
description: Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 636-639, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.35388
Sagittocythere stygia Hart & Hart 1966, new species
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Sagittocythere
Sagittocythere stygia

description: Sagittocythere stygia Hart & Hart, 1966
1966a Sagittocythere stygia new species.—Hart & Hart: 1, 7, 9, Figs. 10, 12, 13 (D, H, R, T).
1968 Sagittocythere stygia Hart and Hart (1966).—Barr: 160, 192 (C, D, H, R).
1968 S. stygia Hart and Hart, 1966.—Ferguson: 502 (C, D).
1972 Sagittocythere stygia Hart and Hart. —Hobbs & Barr: 81 (D, H).
1974 Sagittocythere stygia Hart and Hart, 1966.—Hart & Hart: 115–116, 209, 229, Pl. XXXIII Fig. 10, Pl. LIII (D, H, R, T).
1975 Sagittocythere stygia Hart & Hart, 1966.—Hart & Hart: 43 (C, D, H).
1975 S. stygia Hart and Hart, 1966.—Hobbs: 281 (C, D).
1977 Sagittocythere stygia Hart and Hart (1966:9).—Hobbs, Hobbs & Daniel: 151, 183 (C, D, H).
2014a Sagittocythere stygia Hart & Hart, 1966.—Mestre, Monrós & Mesquita-Joanes: 950 (C).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492
Developing a multifunctional nanocomposite using albumin-encapsulated rare-earth doped nanoparticles for tumor targeting
Creators: name: Naczynski, Dominik Jan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: Optically guided imaging of diseases and surgical procedures is challenged by the lack of photoluminescent probes that can be sensitively detected within living tissues and tracked in real-time.  The use of visible light for the detection of conventional probes suffers from poor tissue penetration and non-specific fluorescence. Emerging probes excited using near infrared light (NIR) reduce undesired tissue absorbance, however light scattering resulting from the complex heterogeneity of biological tissues limits the penetration depth of light propagation.  Optical probes that emit over a new window of electromagnetic radiation in the short wavelength infrared (SWIR) region can significantly improve in vivo imaging sensitivity compared to NIR.  However, current SWIR-detectable probes lack the optical tunability and biocompatibility requisite for biological implantation in vivo.    This doctoral dissertation is focused on investigating albumin-derived, biologically interactive nanoparticles as a platform system that can be designed with distinct multifunctional properties, particularly, SWIR imaging and the delivery of therapeutic cargo.  The bulk of the thesis is focused on conceptualizing and developing a new class of SWIR-detectable nanomaterials for targeted imaging of cancerous tissues. Conventionally fabricated rare-earth doped nanoprobes (REs) are weakly bioavailable, lack functional surface groups for tissue targeting and exhibit potential cytotoxicity.  A major research effort of this thesis was to develop albumin nanoshells around rare-earth nanoprobes for establishing highly biocompatible and biologically targetable RE nanocomposites with controlled sizes and pharmacodynamic behaviors.     This study also produced the first evidence reported to date of multi-spectral, real-time SWIR imaging at anatomical resolution in vivo and demonstrated the prospects of REs for targeted molecular imaging. The albumin-encapsulated, inorganic-organic nanocomposite of REs showed enhanced SWIR signal intensity in diseased tissue through accumulation of REs at tumor sites and extended the in vivo retention of REs.  Further modifications were made to the albumin coating to create a multifunctional nanoparticle with tumor-penetrating and therapeutic delivery properties for both imaging and drug delivery applications.   The cumulative findings of this thesis lay the groundwork for the design of new biomedical probes and imaging methods that have the potential to significantly advance surveillance of a range of diseases with complex molecular etiologies, from cancers to heart disease.
Axina schenklingi Opitz 2020, new species
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Axina
Axina schenklingi

description: Axina schenklingi Opitz, new species
Figures 37, 70, 88.
Type material. Holotype. Male. Type locality: Amazon, Bates (Brazil) (BMNH). Paratype. One specimen. Peru: Provincia de Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Rio Tambopata Res., 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado, 12-XI- 1983, 290 m, T. L. Erwin (USNM).
Diagnosis. The color pattern on the elytra as depicted in Fig. 88 will distinguish the members of this species from congeners.
Description. Size. Length 8.0 mm; width 1.6 mm. Form. As in Fig. 88. Color. Cranium, thorax, and legs castaneous; antenna testaceous; prothorax bicolorous, venter and pronotum sides black; pronotum middle widely castaneous; pterothorax and legs black; elytra tricolorous, basal ½ mostly dark brown, each elytron with subquadrate white macula, apical ½ mostly yellow, with broad obliquely positions white fascia, latter reaches sutural margin; abdomen brown. Head. Cranium finely punctate, frons slightly wider than length of antennal pedicel; EW/FW 40/15. Thorax. Pronotum finely punctate, with 2 tumescences, concave at middle; PW/PL 90/120; elytra, few asetiferous punctures concentrated in elytral basal ½ proximal to sutural margin, width of interstitial spaces variable; EL/EW 346/65. Abdomen. Aedeagus (Fig. 37), phallobasic lobes very short, contiguous; edge of phallic plates serrate; phallobasic apodeme slightly lengthened.
Variation. Size. Length 8.0–12.0 mm; width 1.6–3.0 mm. The elytra of the paratype show a narrow black line behind the white obliquely positioned fascia.
Natural history. The specimen from Peru was collected during November, by fogging tree canopy, at 290 m.
Distribution (for map see Fig. 70). This species is known from Peru and Brazil.
Etymology. The specific epithet, schenklingi, is a patronymic that honors Sigmund Schenkling, an icon in historical cleridology.
basalis species group
There are three species in this group whose female members show the distal margin of the pygidium shallowly projected at the middle. The distribution of the species of this group involves Bolivia and Brazil.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the Western Hemisphere checkered beetle genus Axina Kirby (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae), pp. 1-70 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (793) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4564947
Exploring interactions between landscape change and land preservation
Creators: name: Myers, James R.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: The creation of land preservation policies are, in part, a response to real and perceived landscape changes. Those landscape changes continue after the preservation policies are implemented. This study examines the interaction between landscape change and land preservation in the context of assessing how ongoing land use/land cover change may be impacting the capacity of land preservation programs to meet their goals. It focuses on two New Jersey counties, Hunterdon and Burlington, using multiple years of land use/land cover data (1986, 1995, 2002 and 2007) to assess change. Major findings include: * In both counties, agricultural land is developed more than expected at random, and upland forest developed less than expected * A small but significant proportion of land in each county transitions from agriculture to upland forest before being developed * 45% of agricultural land loss in Hunterdon and 16% in Burlington is the result of agricultural converting to upland forest, which impacts the amount land eligible for farmland preservation * Simple measures of landscape change underestimate the amount flux in upland forest, meaning that mature upland forests are more threatened than those simple measures suggest * Measures of landscape fragmentation show that upland and wetland forests are suffering from fragmentation, which decreases their ecological integrity * Preserving and establishing the contiguity of farmland, parkland and wildlife habitat- all major goals of land preservation – are being made more difficult by the patterns of development in both counties * In both counties, a significant percentage of preserved emergent wetland are found on preserved farmland * Certain areas targeted for preservation are developing faster than other targeted areas in both counties – grasslands and conservation areas in Hunterdon, greenway target areas in Burlington, and farmland eligible for preservation in both counties.The study shows how pre – and post-implementation assessment of land use/land cover change provides important information that can be used to adjust the targets and goals of land preservation policies to make them more effective. Furthermore, the study confirms the importance of having multiple, commensurate sets of land use/land cover data spanning a multi-decade period. Further research will include integrating new land use/land cover data into the analysis.
Mammographic Density, HRT and Hormonal Activity Genes
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Currently available risk factors for breast cancer are not very useful for identifying high-risk women on a population basis. Several large epidemiologic studies have suggested that the level of mammographic density is highly associated with breast cancer risk. Evidence suggests that hormones taken as menopausal replacement may influence breast density, however details are lacking. It is also likely that breast density is partly inherited, but again details are lacking. We are now in the process of analyzing data from 1200 pairs of twins to confirm this observation.

 While the genes controlling mammographic density have not yet been identified, it is likely that they have something to do with control of estrogen levels. Preliminary evidence suggests 4 genes that might be involved in estrogen metabolism and therefore mammographic density. We are in a unique position to examine these issues because we are completing a study in which we have collected mammograms from 1200 pairs of twins. We now propose to re-contact these twins to determine the exact dose and timing of their hormone replacement therapy (by contacting their physicians), and to collect DNA to assess the relationship between specific genes and mammographic density. We also propose to collect additional mammograms from these individuals to assess the effect of hormone replacement therapy by examining mammograms before and after HRT use.

 Twins offer special advantages for several types of comparisons because they share the same genes and the same early environment. We will compare mammographic density between twins who are taking various kinds of HRT, and their co-twins who are not. Since identical twins share the same genes, we can attribute any differences in mammographic density to the effect of hormones (after adjusting for other pertinent characteristics). We will also compare mammographic densities in identical and fraternal twin pairs with different estrogen metabolism genes, to determine the effect of these genes on density. By understanding the determinants of mammographic density, we can sharpen our ability to identify women at especially high risk and hopefully better design studies helping us to prevent the occurrence of breast cancer in more women.
Alcohol outlets and child maltreatment
Creators: name: Morton, Cory Michael
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: This study considered the unique impact neighborhoods have in influencing rates of child maltreatment and a specific primary prevention strategy that may be identified in the built environment. Over the past 30 years, researchers have identified specific elements of a neighborhood’s structure that impact child maltreatment. The emphasis of these studies has been the identification of socioeconomic risk factors that are associated with higher rates of child maltreatment in communities. More recently, there has been growing recognition that the distribution of alcohol outlets is related to child maltreatment. Researchers have shown that those areas with higher density of alcohol outlets also tend to have corresponding higher rates of child maltreatment. No study to date, however, has tested the effects of protective factors that might attenuate the negative influence of socioeconomics and alcohol outlet density on child maltreatment rates. Recognizing that substance abuse has long been a major contributor to all forms of child maltreatment, this study extends prior research by testing both risk and protective features of neighborhoods’ built environments that may be either risk or protective factors for child maltreatment. This study contributes to the literature by testing the moderating effect of one potential protective factor, the density of substance abuse prevention and treatment facilities in a community, on the relationship between alcohol outlet density and rates of child maltreatment. Using a cross-sectional design, the study utilized data from the New Jersey Department of Children and Families’ Bergen County child maltreatment reports, New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control listing of alcohol-selling retailers, New Jersey Division of Addiction Services listing of licensed substance abuse providers, Bergen County Center for Alcohol and Drug Resources’ listing of substance abuse prevention and treatment facilities, and the United States Census. Findings indicate child maltreatment rates are higher in impoverished and unstable neighborhoods and those with greater alcohol outlet density. Additionally, neighborhoods with easily accessed substance abuse prevention and treatment facilities had lower rates of child maltreatment. The study findings highlight the relevance of applying primary prevention approaches and multi-sector collaboration to reduce child maltreatment.
Saurocythere , Hobbs 1969, new genus
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Saurocythere

description: Saurocythere Hobbs, 1969
1969a Saurocythere new genus.—Hobbs: 167–168 (T).
1970 Saurocythere, Hobbs III, 1969:167.—Hobbs & Hobbs: 1, 2 (C, K).
1971 Saurocythere Hobbs III, 1969:167.—Hobbs Jr.: 19, 54 (C).
1974 Saurocythere Hobbs III, 1969.—Hart & Hart: viii, 18, 116, Fig. 37 (D, H, K, T).
1974 Saurocythere Hobbs III, 1969.—Hartmann & Puri: 50 (C).
1975 Saurocythere Hobbs III, 1969.—Hart & Hart: 43 (C, D, H).
1982 Saurocythere.—Hobbs III: 2 (D).
2010 Saurocythere Hobbs, III, 1969.—Smith & Delorme: 748, 771 (C, K).
2017 Saurocythere.—Weaver & Williams: 577 (K).
Remarks: Hart & Hart (1974: 116) mistakenly list the hosts of Saurocythere as “crayfishes of the family Astacidae.” Saurocythere is known only from crayfishes in the family Cambaridae. This error was repeated in Hart & Hart (1975: 43).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492
Behavioral endocrinology of wild male siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus)
Creators: name: Morino, Luca
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: The goal of my dissertation is to clarify the evolutionary forces shaping the behavioral and hormonal profiles of male primates. I collected more than 4,000 hours of focal behavioral observation and over 700 hormonal samples on five monogamous and six polyandrous groups of wild siamangs (Hylobatidae: Symphalangus syndactylus) in Sumatra (Indonesia), between August 2007 and May 2009. I addressed three basic aspects of gibbon sociality:  1. The monogamous social system of gibbons is thought to be maintained by intense male-male intolerance, yet in many populations there are numerous polyandrous groups. I test the hypothesis that dominance relationships regulate the interactions of adult male siamangs. Dominant males could clearly be identified in each group, based on a consistent direction of agonistic interactions, displacements and positional behavior. These males enjoyed greater social access to the resident female and monopolized copulations.  2. I tested the Challenge Hypothesis, which posits a correlation between male androgen levels, male-male aggression, and paternal effort. Results showed no association between male testosterone and group composition, male rank, or rate of intergroup aggression. Androgen concentrations were positively correlated with rate of intragroup aggression. Males involved in a period of social instability (an aggressive group takeover) had T concentrations twice above average. Males displaying active  parental care had significantly lower testosterone concentrations than control males. These results represent a particularly valuable test of the Challenge Hypothesis due to the rarity of monogamous/polyandrous mammal species with paternal care.  3. An analysis of the aggressive takeover of three siamang groups suggests that: 1) variation in this species’ characteristic duetting is associated with periods of social instability; 2) takeovers represent a threat to vulnerable infants and forced weaning is used as an anti-infanticide tactic; 3) female ‘preferential’ social behavior toward one of the contenders influences the outcome of a takeover; 4) a secondary adult male in the group reduces the risk of being evicted for the dominant male.  This research adds important pieces to our understanding of gibbon social organization, can help assess the generality of some human patterns (such as mate guarding, paternal care), and has important contributions to conservation efforts.
Enriching the French romance
Creators: name: Minero Escobar, Angélica
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: The development of the sentimental romance of the 1830s and 1840s into the more sophisticated genre of song known as mélodie is often linked to Gabriel Fauré and Henri Duparc’s early songs. In his seminal study, La mélodie française de Berlioz à Duparc, Frits Noske did much to correct this limited model by discussing the works of composers such as Charles Gounod, Hector Berlioz, Hyppolyte Monpou, and Louis Niedermeyer. The author, however, failed to consider the early songs of the influential French mezzo-soprano of Spanish origins, Pauline Viardot-Garcia (1821-1910). These compositions, close to thirty songs in French, German, Italian and Spanish, reflect the scope of her international operatic career and her facility to absorb different languages, musical styles, and cultures. Investigating the genesis of the early songs and analyzing and contextualizing them are key goals of the present dissertation.                    I intend to demonstrate through the examination of primary source material that the construction by influential contemporaries such as George Sand, Théophile Gautier, Alfred de Musset, and Franz Liszt of Viardot-Garcia’s personality as cosmopolitan, versatile, and exotic qualified her in the eyes of the Romantic generation as a valid representative of the Other and thus a legitimate creator of a wide variety of musical styles. In particular, the consecration of young Viardot-Garcia’s fascinating musical personality in George Sand’s influential novel Consuelo (1842) determined the course and objectives of her career both as singer and composer during the 1840s.    Through the publication of her two initial song albums, Viardot-Garcia contributed to the modification of expectations surrounding the typical French romance of the 1840s. Viardot-Garcia modernized its style by introducing into it foreign musical resources, thus liberating it from the formal regularity and musical weakness, which limited its expressive possibilities. The high quality of these publications in combination with the composer’s international fame pushed them into the vanguard of the revitalization tendency of French art song. Just as Berlioz and Gounod have been commonly embraced from the time of Ravel to our day as the fathers of French mélodie, Viardot-Garcia may now receive her own accolade as the mother of French mélodie.
Axina latilinea Opitz 2020, new species
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Axina
Axina latilinea

description: Axina latilinea Opitz, new species
Figures 61, 70, 90.
Type material. Holotype. Female. Type locality: PROV. DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO, BORDS DU RIO SAL- ADO, ENV.D’ICAÑO. MISTOL PASO, E. R. WAGNER 1909 (Argentina). A second label reads: OCTOBER (MNHN).
Diagnosis. The wide castaneous and flavotestaceous fasciae on the elytral disc, as depicted in Fig. 90, will distinguish the members of this species from congeners.
Description. Size. Length 10.5 mm; width 2.7 mm. Form. As in Fig. 90. Color. Cranium, thorax, and legs black; antenna testaceous; elytra bicolorous, each elytron with 3 castaneous and 2 flavotestaceous fasciae, elytral apex flavotestaceous. Head. Cranium coarsely punctate, frons wider than length of antennal pedicel; EW/FW 50/30. Thorax. Pronotum finely punctate, with 2 tumescences, concave at middle; PW/PL 130/160; elytra, asetiferous punctures concentrated in middle of disc, one striae proximal to sutural margin; EL/EW 420/90. Abdomen. Pygidium scutiform, posterior margin with acumination at middle (Fig. 61).
Natural history. The holotype was collected in October.
Distribution (For a map see Fig. 70). This species is known from Argentina.
Etymology. The specific epithet, latilinea, is a Latin compound name derived from the prefix lati - (= wide) and linea (= line). I refer to the broad fascia on the elytral disc.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the Western Hemisphere checkered beetle genus Axina Kirby (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae), pp. 1-70 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (793) on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4564947
Empowerment and Justice: Thematic Insights into Women's Rights and Legal Protections
Creators: name: Ahmad, Malik Imtiaz
name: Ahmad, Malik Imtiaz
name: Ahmad, Malik Imtiaz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Dr. Malik Imtiaz Ahmad, FRSC, is an accomplished legal professional and academic with a Ph.D. in Law from SOAS, University of London. With extensive expertise in customer service, corporate governance, and regulatory compliance, he retired as an Additional Director (CS) from MEPCO. As an academic teacher and researcher, he has received awards for the Teaching Excellence Award, Senior Staff Fellow Member 2023-2024, and as the best teacher from the University of London and the Royal Society of London as a 'Runner-up' for the Research Fellow Award 2024.
Saurocythere rhipis Hobbs 1969, new species
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Saurocythere
Saurocythere rhipis

description: * Saurocythere rhipis Hobbs, 1969
1969a Saurocythere rhipis new species.—Hobbs: 168–169, Figs. 1, 4, 5 (A, D, H, R, T).
1974 Saurocythere rhipis Hobbs III, 1969.—Hart & Hart: 116, 117, 210, 230, Pl. XXXIV Figs. 1 –2, Pl. LIV (C, D, H, R, T).
1975 Saurocythere rhipis Hobbs III, 1969.—Hart & Hart: 43, 44 (C, D, H).
1982 Saurocythere rhipis Hobbs. —Hobbs III: 2 (D, H).
2014a Saurocythere rhipis Hobbs III, 1 969.—Mestre, Monrós & Mesquita-Joanes: 950 (C).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492
Boyhood for girls
Creators: name: Miller, Allison
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation argues that tomboys are a crucial link in the relationship betweenheterosexuality and normative gender expression as they took shape between 1900 and1940. Tomboys of the first decades of the twentieth century in the United States occupiedthe frontlines of major transformations in the histories of feminism, youth culture,sexuality, and the body. By 1920, New Women and political radicals had won significantopportunities for boyish girls to continue to be somewhat masculine into adulthood, suchas through education, activism, athletics, and work. At the same time, an increasinglyautonomous urban working-class youth culture demanded a measure of genderconformity for adolescent girls and boys who wished to be eligible for heterosexualactivity. Although historians often view feminism and the growth of youth culture asliberatory, adolescent tomboys knew they were contradictory. Liberal adults, includingmany feminists, advised them to “be themselves,” but tomboys’ peers ostracized themfrom the world of dating and popularity when they remained boyish. For many pubescent tomboys, changes in the body accompanied not only demands that they become feminine,but also a realignment of emotional life. Tomboys had to learn to see boys not as trustycomrades but as potential dates, and they had to look to girls, whom they had oftenscorned, for close friendships. In fact, as children many tomboys had believed that theirsimilarity to boys extended right to their very bodies: they acknowledged that girl bodiesand boy bodies were anatomically different, but they detected enough similarities thatdifferences did not matter—a belief that this dissertation calls affinity. In fact, sometomboys only learned to see their bodies as female for the first time at menarche. Thehistory of tomboyism thus coincides with the history of the body and sexuality. By 1940,women who had grown up as tomboys knew that the bargain for the female body’sheterosexual normality depended on relinquishing the pleasures of tomboyism, includingthe sense that their bodies somehow resembled boys’. The historical tomboy bodydiscloses affective contradictions between the freedoms promised by feminists andsexually adventurous youth alike.
Potential New Drug Therapy for Breast Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: New drugs are needed to treat breast cancer patients whose tumors do not respond to traditional therapy such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and sex hormone therapy. The aim of this research is to test a potential new class of anti-breast cancer agents. The insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) a protein that is located on the surface of almost all cells, and plays a role in regulating cell growth. However, in breast cancer cells, evidence indicates that increased activity of this protein plays a key role in the initiation of growth of these cancers. Thus, if the activity of this receptor could be blocked, it is possible that cancers could be controlled. We have recently made the observation that certain synthetic chemical compounds block the activation of the IGF-IR in the test tube. Experiments using cancer cells and normal cells indicate that these chemicals inhibit the stimulating effects of IGF-IR on cell growth. Thus, these compounds are potential new agents for breast cancer.

 This proposal is designed to provide evidence that small molecule inhibitors of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor will provide a novel treatment approach for breast cancer. These studies are designed to first identify the most effective of this class of compounds to inhibit growth of tumor cells, and then demonstrate the ability of these compounds to block the growth of breast cancer tumors in mice. We hypothesize that the compounds with a high ability to block the function of the IGF-IR will prove to be highly effective anti-cancer agents in animals.

 We plan to perform more extensive studies in cell cultures to carefully identify the actions of these potential anti-tumor agents, and identify the compounds which are most potent at blocking the function of the IGF-IR without affecting other receptors or cellular functions. We will do this by adding compounds to breast cancer cells growing in culture and attempting to stimulate their growth with IGF and other hormones. We will determine the effectiveness of the compounds by measuring both IGF-IR activity and growth of the cells. We will also test whether the compounds kill off either normal or tumor cells. We will then test the most promising compounds by injecting them in mice with breast cancer tumors and measuring the tumor size over 3 to 6 weeks.

 We believe, therefore, that these studies will provide new insights into the biology of breast cancer growth, and possibly lead to the development of a new class of drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.
Analysis of a Protease Involved in Mammary Development
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Normal cells including breast cells, receive instructions from their environment telling them to divide, to create a tissue, or to perform specialized functions. Cancer arises when cells break away from the normal constraints on their behavior, and begin to grow in an uncontrolled and disorganized manner. To understand why cancer cells behave differently, it is necessary to understand how normal cells respond to their microenvironmental cues. Important information comes from other cells surrounding the normal epithelial cells. One of them is a signaling molecule called epimorphin. Epimorphin induces epithelial cell rearrangement. In breast , depending on how this molecule is presented to the epithelial cells, it induces different tissue arrangements. When presented to the epithelial cells (cells that can specialize to produce milk) only on one side it causes formation of long tubules that branch. When it is presented all around these cells, it triggers a globular like structure similar to those that make milk.

 A thorough understanding of normal tissue architecture and development of breast is a crucial step before design of efficient and specific treatments for breast cancer. In order for different tissues and organs to be formed correctly, the cells need to receive signals which tells them what to do: whether to divide, migrate or stay put. Epimorphin is one of such signal molecules telling cells how to organize to assume the shape of the breast. There are other proteins (enzymes) that are called "proteases". These can cut proteins and provide additional signals. We have reasons to believe that during pregnancy a protease gets activated and cuts epimorphin. The cleaved epimorphin then give different signals to cells make them reorganize differently and form milk producing structures. To characterize the protease, several specific blocking reagents called protease inhibitors will be used. A biochemical approach will be also used to isolate the active protease based on its physical characteristics such as size, charge and solubility. If the protease is not known, its gene will be cloned and antibodies will be made for further characterization. The effects of high levels or absence of the protease on organization of our cell culture model that imitate the function of the mammary gland, and if times permit, in mice will be analyzed.

 The mechanisms involved in the formation of alveoli (milk producing unit of breast) are not understood. This work will result in an understanding of how the information for formation of the breast unit is transmitted and will shed light on some aspects of this specialization and reorganization in normal breast, and how it may go wrong in cancer.
Plectocythere kentuckiensis Hobbs & Peters 1991, new species
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Plectocythere
Plectocythere kentuckiensis

description: Plectocythere kentuckiensis Hobbs & Peters, 1991
1991 Plectocythere kentuckiensis new species.—Hobbs & Peters: 71, 72–73, Fig. 2a–c (A, D, H, R, T).
2014a Plectocythere kentuckiensis Hobbs & Peters, 1991.—Mestre, Monrós & Mesquita-Joanes: 949 (C).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492