cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Technological Progress in US Agriculture: Implications for Biofuel Production
Creators: name: Taheripour, Farzad
name: Scott, Don
name: Hurt, Cristopher A.
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
name: Taheripour, Farzad
name: Scott, Don
name: Hurt, Cristopher A.
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper evaluates in a holistic way major trends in US production of food, feed, and biofuel commodities over the period 1961-2014. It is motivated by literature that examines parts of the changes but does not integrate them. We develop a comprehensive data set and then conduct analysis of the major trends that emerge. We identify eight major trends and then combine them to four major themes. The first theme is the huge gain in agricultural productivity over this period. An important component of this theme is that the productivity gain was sufficient to achieve substantial total production growth as agricultural land declined over the period. Second, there has been a major transformation of the livestock sector as less efficient and more expensive beef has been replaced by more efficient and less expensive poultry. As this change has happened, the livestock sector has become more land efficient, less land used in livestock. The third major change is that US calorie production is now substantially more than the needs for food and feed. Finally, the first three major themes have enabled the fourth, which is growth of US renewable fuel production, while agricultural land declined over time.
Climate Change and Extreme Events: An Assessment of Economic
Creators: name: Calzadilla, Alvaro
name: Pauli, Francesco
name: Roson, Roberto
name: Calzadilla, Alvaro
name: Pauli, Francesco
name: Roson, Roberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We use a general equilibrium model of the world economy, and a regional economic growth model, to assess the economic implications of vulnerability from extreme meteorological events, induced by the climate change. In particular, we first consider the impact of climate change on ENSO and NAO oceanic oscillations and, subsequently, the implied variation on regional expected damages. We found that expected damages from extreme events are increasing in the United States, Europe and Russia, and Russia, and decreasing in energy exporting countries. Two economic implications are taken into account: (1) short-term impacts, due to changes in the demand structure, generated by higher/lower precautionary saving, and (2) variations in regional economic growth paths. We found that indirect short-term effects (variations in savings due to higher or lower likelihood of natural disasters) can have an impact on regional economics, whose order of magnitude is comparable to the one of direct damages. On the other hand, we highlight that higher vulnerability from extreme events translates into higher volatility in the economic growth path, and vice versa.
A Land Resources Planning Toolbox to Promote Sustainable Land Management
Creators: name: Ziadat, Feras
name: De Pauw, Eddy
name: Nachtergaele, Freddy
name: Fetsi, Theodora
name: Ziadat, Feras
name: De Pauw, Eddy
name: Nachtergaele, Freddy
name: Fetsi, Theodora
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land resources evaluation
subject: land use planning
subject: sustainable land management

description: This paper provides a brief overview of how traditional concepts and approaches of land use planning have evolved into a more widely accepted vision of „land resources planning‟ and its requirements for participatory processes, involvement of multi-sectoral stakeholders, and multi-thematic information at appropriate scales. Given its comprehensive ambitions, land resource planning (LRP) has a growing demand for a wide-ranging toolset, encompassing different tools in the biophysical, socio-economic, and governance (in a form of guidelines, methods, approaches and support tools). In order to collate knowledge, experiences and lessons from the LRP tools users, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Land and Water Division held a consultation process through a survey among a range of stakeholders operating at different levels, sectors and regions. The survey evidenced limited awareness about the current availability of tools for land use planning. To remedy this situation, FAO developed the Land Resources Planning Toolbox (LRPT), a web-based inventory of existing tools. The Toolbox makes distinguishing between the tools in the socio-economic domain, those in the biophysical and the ones combining the two domains. The Toolbox explains the ability and restrictions of the LRP tools and their appropriateness to different regions, stakeholders and levels, and can be searched according to several criteria. It is concluded that, the Toolbox offers a useful mechanism for knowledge sharing and exchange of recent tools to enhance participatory LRP. It also has a great potential to support sustainable land management and landscape restoration. In this way it addresses, indirectly, conflicts and competition over resources.
Carbon Leakage Revisited: Unilateral Climate Policy with Directed Technical Change
Creators: name: Di Maria, Corrado
name: Van Der Werf, Edwin
name: Di Maria, Corrado
name: Van Der Werf, Edwin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A common critique to the Kyoto Protocol is that the reduction in emissions of CO2 by countries who comply with it will be (partly) offset by the increase in emissions on the part of other countries (carbon leakage). This paper analyzes the effect of technical change on carbon leakage in a two-country model where only one of the countries enforces an exogenous cap on emissions. Climate policy induces changes in relative prices, which cause carbon leakage through a terms-of-trade effect. However, these changes in relative prices in addition affect the incentives to innovate in different sectors. We allow entrepreneurs to choose the sector for which they innovate (directed technical change). This leads to a counterbalancing induced-technology effect, which always reduces carbon leakage. We therefore conclude that the leakage rates reported in the literature so far may be too high, as these estimates neglect the effect of relative price changes on the incentives to innovate.
Optimizing large-scale structure data analysis with the theoretical error likelihood
Creators: name: Chudaykin, Anton
name: Ivanov, Mikhail M.
name: Simonović, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important aspect of large-scale structure data analysis is the presence of non-negligible theoretical uncertainties, which become increasingly important on small scales. We show how to incorporate these uncertainties in realistic power spectrum likelihoods by an appropriate change of the fitting model and the covariance matrix. The inclusion of the theoretical error has several advantages over the standard practice of using the sharp momentum cut $k_{\rm max}$. First, the theoretical error covariance gradually suppresses the information from the short scales as the employed theoretical model becomes less reliable. This allows one to avoid laborious measurements of $k_{\rm max}$, which is an essential part of the standard methods. Second, the theoretical error likelihood gives unbiased constrains with reliable error bars that are not artificially shrunk due to over-fitting. In realistic settings, the theoretical error likelihood yields essentially the same parameter constraints as the standard analysis with an appropriately selected $k_{\rm max}$, thereby effectively optimizing the choice of $k_{\rm max}$. We demonstrate these points using the large-volume N-body data for the clustering of matter and galaxies in real and redshift space. In passing, we validate the effective field theory description of the redshift space distortions and show that the use of the one-parameter phenomenological Gaussian damping model for fingers-of-God causes significant biases in parameter recovery.
description: 41+11 pages, 17+4 figures, 5+5 tables; v2: Appendix C added, practical realization of our approach clarified, matched version accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Impact of Irrigation Efficiency Improvements and Government Payment Programs on the Agricultural Cost of Groundwater Conservation in the Texas High Plains
Creators: name: Willis, David B.
name: Willis, David B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The impact irrigation efficiency and the loan deficiency payment have on the quantity of groundwater withdrawn and the agricultural cost of groundwater conservation in the Texas High Plains (THP) is estimated. The irrigation efficiency component utilizes the two most common irrigation technologies available within the THP, low energy precision application (LEPA) for center pivot systems and furrow irrigation.
Delving into the Utilisation of ChatGPT in Scientific Publications in Astronomy
Creators: name: Astarita, Simone
name: Kruk, Sandor
name: Reerink, Jan
name: Gómez, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid progress in the capabilities of machine learning approaches in natural language processing has culminated in the rise of large language models over the last two years. Recent works have shown unprecedented adoption of these for academic writing, especially in some fields, but their pervasiveness in astronomy has not been studied sufficiently. To remedy this, we extract words that ChatGPT uses more often than humans when generating academic text and search a total of 1 million articles for them. This way, we assess the frequency of word occurrence in published works in astronomy tracked by the NASA Astrophysics Data System since 2000. We then perform a statistical analysis of the occurrences. We identify a list of words favoured by ChatGPT and find a statistically significant increase for these words against a control group in 2024, which matches the trend in other disciplines. These results suggest a widespread adoption of these models in the writing of astronomy papers. We encourage organisations, publishers, and researchers to work together to identify ethical and pragmatic guidelines to maximise the benefits of these systems while maintaining scientific rigour.
description: Accepted at SPAICE 2024
On Dark Matter Explanations of the Gamma-Ray Excesses from the Galactic Center and M31
Creators: name: Burns, Anne-Katherine
name: Fieg, Max
name: Karwin, Christopher M.
name: Rajaraman, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of an excess gamma-ray signal toward the Galactic center (GC) has now been well established, and is known as the GC excess. Leading explanations for the signal include mis-modeling of the Galactic diffuse emission along the line of sight, an unresolved population of millisecond pulsars, and/or the annihilation of dark matter (DM). Recently, evidence for another excess gamma-ray signal has been reported toward the outer halo of M31. In this work we interpret the excess signals from both the GC and outer halo of M31 in the framework of DM annihilation, and show that the two spectra are consistent with a DM origin once J-factors are taken into account. We further compare the excesses to models of DM annihilation, and determine the corresponding best-fit parameters. We find good fits to the spectrum both in two body and four body annihilation modes.
A naturopathic approach to treat Urinary Tract Infections & Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections
Creators: name: Pragasm Viswanathan
name: Christa, Sunneva Sharon
name: Prasanth Rathinam
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Sterile urinary tract resists the invasion of bacteria with the teamed effort of the cytokines, chemokines and the anti microbial proteins (AMP). The levels of AMP such as Transferrin, Tamm Horsfall Protein, Lipocalin, Cathelicidin etc, increase subsequent to infection, to prevent the adherence of bacteria to the urothelium. The exact mechanisms are however unknown. The emerging trend of antimicrobial resistance also poses another major hurdle in combating Urinary tract infections (UTI). The problem of antimicrobial resistance plays an important role in treating hospital associated infections such as catheter associated UTI (CAUTI); the microbes adhered to the catheter tend to form biofilms that are resistant to the antibiotics administered. Cell density mediated gene expression of virulence genes via quorum signalling plays a major role in the biofilm associated microbes to establish infections.
Spatiotemporal statistical features of velocity responses to traffic congestions in a local motorway network
Creators: name: Wang, Shanshan
name: Schreckenberg, Michael
name: Guhr, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The causal connection between congestions and velocity changes at different locations induces various statistical features, which we identify and measure in detail. We carry out an empirical analysis of large-scale traffic data on a local motorway network around the Breitscheid intersection in the North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. We put forward a response function which measures the velocity change at a certain location versus time conditioned on a congestion at another location. We use a novel definition of the corresponding congestion indicator to ensure causality. We find that the response of velocities to the congestion exhibits phase changes in time. A negative response at smaller time lags transforms into positive one at larger time lags, implying a certain traffic mechanism. The response decays as a power law with the distance. We also identify a scaling property leading to a collapse of the response functions on one curve.
Quantum Kaleidoscopes and Bell's theorem
Creators: name: Aravind, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum kaleidoscope is defined as a set of observables, or states, consisting of many different subsets that provide closely related proofs of the Bell-Kochen-Specker (BKS) and Bell nonlocality theorems. The kaleidoscopes prove the BKS theorem through a simple parity argument, which also doubles as a proof of Bell's nonlocality theorem if use is made of the right sort of entanglement. Three closely related kaleidoscopes are introduced and discussed in this paper: a 15-observable kaleidoscope, a 24-state kaleidoscope and a 60-state kaleidoscope. The close relationship of these kaleidoscopes to a configuration of 12 points and 16 lines known as Reye's configuration is pointed out. The "rotations" needed to make each kaleidoscope yield all its apparitions are laid out. The 60-state kaleidoscope, whose underlying geometrical structure is that of ten interlinked Reye's configurations (together with their duals), possesses a total of 1120 apparitions that provide proofs of the two Bell theorems. Some applications of these kaleidoscopes to problems in quantum tomography and quantum state estimation are discussed.
description: Two new references (No. 21 and 22) to related work have been added
How many cake-eaters? Chouette, on a du monde a diner!
Creators: name: Favard, Pascal
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Favard, Pascal
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: migration
subject: nonrenewable resources
subject: cake-eating

description: We use a cake-eating model with a non-renewable resource and a backstop technology to describe the effect of migration of poor workers into a rich country with surplus labor. Migrants receive a large transfer from natives. If future migration is anticipated, natives' flow of utility increases discontinuously at the time of migration. Migration at time 0 may cause the initial flow of natives~ utility to be higher. However, the present discounted value of the stream of per capita utility falls. Thus, when migration occurs, it may benefit the current generation of natives, although it harms other generations.
Energy, Environment and the Sustainability of Economic Development in China
Creators: name: Fang, Xingming
name: Hu, Xiaoping
name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Fang, Xingming
name: Hu, Xiaoping
name: Wang, H. Holly
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: economic growth
subject: energy
subject: resource
subject: pollution

description: Whether the high economic growth of China is sustainable is the matter of interest to the public, government and academic circle of China and meanwhile it catches the attention of the world because the development of China has been exerting increasing impact on the world economy. Since the high economic growth of China has been promoted by heavy and chemical industry (HCI) to a great extent, which resulted in high consumption of energy resource, high consumption of mineral resources and high emission of pollutants (the “triple highness”), the sustainability of high economic growth of China depends on a sustainable growth road for China’s HCI and effective control on the “triple highness”. We find that the contributing factors of the “triple highness” are not the growth of HCI itself but the small scale and out dated technology. We conclude that the “triple highness” can be effectively controlled if some proper measures are adopted and the high growth of China can be sustainable.
Interview about personal history and cultural transmission
Creators: name: Fred, Andelise
name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Ding, Lydia
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file and one .eaf ELAN transcription file for an interview about personal history and transmission of cultural knowledge.
Market Participation and Farm Profitability: The Case of Northern Ghana
Creators: name: Mzyece, Agness
name: Mzyece, Agness
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: market participation
subject: quantity sold
subject: profit
subject: Northern Ghana

description: This study examines the effect of quantity sold (sales volume) on profitability of market participating smallholder farmers in northern Ghana. Market participation has been shown to be important for increasing incomes and improving production efficiency for farm households but still remains low in SSA. While agribusiness and development experts generally advocate for more intensive market participation, it is not clear if selling more results in more profits for smallholder farmers in remote markets that are prone to exorbitant transaction costs. The data used in this study is from the APS survey conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Northern Ghana which had a sample size of 527. The study is based on the theory of profit maximization, in which separability is inferred from observed market participation. OLS regression is used for empirical estimation after rejecting the hypothesis of endogeneity in the model. Mean gross margin/ kg across four groups of farmers ranked by quantity sold is also statistically examined. The results confirm the existence of economies of scale and also show that different crops have different effects on profitability. The results also show that although unambiguously positive, the relationship between quantity sold and profitability may not be linear.
Applying Bayesian Optimization with Gaussian Process Regression to Computational Fluid Dynamics Problems
Creators: name: Morita, Y.
name: Rezaeiravesh, S.
name: Tabatabaei, N.
name: Vinuesa, R.
name: Fukagata, K.
name: Schlatter, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian optimization (BO) based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) is applied to different CFD (computational fluid dynamics) problems which can be of practical relevance. The problems are i) shape optimization in a lid-driven cavity to minimize or maximize the energy dissipation, ii) shape optimization of the wall of a channel flow in order to obtain a desired pressure-gradient distribution along the edge of the turbulent boundary layer formed on the other wall, and finally, iii) optimization of the controlling parameters of a spoiler-ice model to attain the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil with an actual surface ice. The diversity of the optimization problems, independence of the optimization approach from any adjoint information, the ease of employing different CFD solvers in the optimization loop, and more importantly, the relatively small number of the required flow simulations reveal the flexibility, efficiency, and versatility of the BO-GPR approach in CFD applications. It is shown that to ensure finding the global optimum of the design parameters of the size up to 8, less than 90 executions of the CFD solvers are needed. Furthermore, it is observed that the number of flow simulations does not significantly increase with the number of design parameters. The associated computational cost of these simulations can be affordable for many optimization cases with practical relevance.
Proteomic mechanisms of drug resistance in Candida cell membrane fractions
Creators: name: Abrantes, Pedro
name: Bouic, Patrick
name: Africa, Charlene
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: The African continent has the highest burden of HIV infection, accounting for approximately 65% of new infections globally. Oral candidiasis is a major cause of increased morbidity in HIV-infected individuals and is usually treated with fluconazole, an antifungal drug which interferes with ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane. The increased resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs leads to treatment failure and an increase in untreatable Candida infections.

Conclusion: The combination of different drug resistance mechanisms and binding abilities to salivary histatins and estrogen seem to be instrumental in the colonisation and retention of Candida in these immunocompromised patients. The results also suggest the presence of differences in efflux transporter protein expression in fluconazole-susceptible and –resistant isolates within the HIV population.
Constraints on the curvature of the Universe and dynamical dark energy from the Full-shape and BAO data
Creators: name: Chudaykin, Anton
name: Dolgikh, Konstantin
name: Ivanov, Mikhail M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present limits on the parameters of the o$Λ$CDM, $w_0$CDM, and $w_0 w_a$CDM models obtained from the joint analysis of the full-shape, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and supernovae data. Our limits are fully independent of the data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, but rival the CMB constraints in terms of parameter error bars. We find the spatial curvature consistent with a flat universe $Ω_k=-0.043_{-0.036}^{+0.036}$ ($68\%$ C.L.); the dark-energy equation of state parameter $w_0$ is measured to be $w_0=-1.031_{-0.048}^{+0.052}$ ($68\%$ C.L.), consistent with a cosmological constant. This conclusion also holds for the time-varying dark energy equation of state, for which we find $w_0=-0.98_{-0.11}^{+0.099}$ and $w_a=-0.33_{-0.48}^{+0.63}$ (both at $68\%$ C.L.). The exclusion of the supernovae data from the analysis does not significantly weaken our bounds. This shows that using a single external BBN prior, the full-shape and BAO data can provide strong CMB-independent constraints on the non-minimal cosmological models.
description: 20+5 pages, 8+3 figures, 4+1 tables; v2: measurements of the sound horizon added; v3: joint analysis with Planck added (Appendix B), matched version published in Phys. Rev. D
Quantum corrections to tunnelling amplitudes of neutral scalar fields
Creators: name: Zielinski, Rosemary
name: McGlynn, Patrick
name: Simenel, Cedric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Though theoretical treatments of quantum tunnelling within single-particle quantum mechanics are well-established, at present, there is no quantum field-theoretic description (QFT) of tunnelling. Due to the single-particle nature of quantum mechanics, many-particle effects arising from quantum field theory are not accounted for. Such many-particle effects, including pair-production, have proved to be essential in resolving the Klein-paradox. This work seeks to determine how quantum corrections affect the tunnelling probability through an external field. We investigate a massive neutral scalar field, which interacts with an external field in accordance with relativistic quantum mechanics. To consider QFT corrections, we include another massive quantised neutral scalar field coupling to the original via a cubic interaction. This study formulates an all-order recursive expression for the loop-corrected scalar propagator, which contains only the class of vertex-corrected Feynman diagrams. This equation applies for general external potentials. Though there is no closed-form analytic solution, we also demonstrate how to approximate the QFT corrections if a perturbative coupling to the quantised field is assumed.
title: Метафоры вакцинации от COVID-19: игра в догонялки или стратегия маркетингового продвижения? (на примере британских СМИ)
Creators: name: Рыжкова, Елена
name: Кокконен, Елена
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Статья посвящена рассмотрению метафорической репрезентации процесса вакцинации от COVID-19 в текстах англоязычных СМИ. На основании анализа британской прессы за период с января по октябрь 2021 делается вывод, что наряду с неоднократно выделяемыми исследователями «военными» и «стихийными» метафорами, политики, население и журналисты используют метафорические концепты «ГОНКА» и «СОРЕВНОВАНИЕ», представленные, в частности, слотом «скорость». Также дискурс и поведение стран-производителей вакцины и прививаемого населения в отношении производства и распространения вакцины руководствуются метафорами «ТОВАР» и «ПРОДВИЖЕНИЕ» товара. Метафоры вакцинации отличаются нестабильностью, склонны к изменчивости и быстрой смене.
The Central Component of Gravitational Lens Q0957+561
Creators: name: Haarsma, Deborah B.
name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Shapiro, Irwin
name: Lehár, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1981, a faint radio source (G') was detected near the center of the lensing galaxy of the famous "twin quasar" Q0957+561. It is still unknown whether this central radio source is a third quasar image or an active nucleus of the lensing galaxy, or a combination of both. In an attempt to resolve this ambiguity, we observed Q0957+561 at radio wavelengths of 13cm, 18cm, and 21cm, using the Very Long Baseline Array in combination with the phased Very Large Array and the Green Bank Telescope. We measured the spectrum of G' for the first time and found it to be significantly different from the spectra of the two bright quasar images. This finding suggests that the central component is primarily or entirely emission from the foreground lens galaxy, but the spectrum is also consistent with the hypothesis of a central quasar image suffering free-free absorption. In addition, we confirm the previously-reported VLBI position of G' just north of the optical center of the lens galaxy. The position slightly favors the hypothesis that G' originates in the lens, but is not conclusive. We discuss the prospects for further clarification of this issue.
description: 18 pages, accepted for publication in AJ
Time-Consistent Policies
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Lee, In Ho
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Lee, In Ho
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Time inconsistency
subject: open-loop policies
subject: stationarity

description: In many cases the optimal open-loop policy to influence agents who solve dynamic problems is time-inconsistent. We show how to construct a time-consistent open-loop policy rule. We also consider an additional restriction under which the time-consistent open-loop policy is stationary. We use examples to illustrate the properties of these tax rules.
title: Turner’s and Shitao’s wild mountains and waters: towards a phenomenology of radical landscape painting
Creators: name: Rao, Qinghong
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2022

description: This thesis establishes a research method for interpreting radical landscape paintings in various cultures. The research was prompted by the challenge caused by cultural differences in interpreting landscape paintings of different cultures and the solution provided by the thesis is the newly established research method, which aims to capture an individual artist’s compositional intention in a particular radical landscape painting, and to reveal the meaning of the particular painting, irrespective of its cultural background. The radical landscape painting in this research is a description of the landscape paintings that are creatively and inventively composed to represent radical features of the wild mountains and waters that exist in reality, for expressing some meanings. The research method is adopted in phenomenology, a philosophy of human perception. This study takes the principles of phenomenology – Epoché and Réduction – as its basic principles, and the essential notion of phenomenology – intentionality – as the theoretical foundation. The method essentially addresses the first-hand experience and the perception of the first-hand experience that of various objects, which particularly refer to the objective radical landscape painting, the corresponding physical landscape, and other related objects. By examining and analysing the various firs-hand experiences, the method helps to grasp the artist’s compositional intention in the painting, thus revealing the meaning of the artwork. In order to assess the effectiveness of the method, the study applies it in two case studies that interpret British painter J. M. W. Turner’s watercolour, Loch Coruisk, Skye, and Chinese painter Shitao’s ink painting, Mount Lu. The outcomes demonstrate that, regard to the radical landscape painting, the phenomenological method is effective in accessing the artists’ compositional intention and revealing the meaning of the paintings, despite cultural differences that exist among the painting, artist, and interpreter. The main contribution of this study to art history studies is it provides a new method for grasping an artist’s compositional intention and discovering the distinguish artistic value of a particular radical landscape painting, from the reciprocal perspective of how the artist composed it and how the viewer can experience it.
Stability of supercurrents in a superfluid phase of spin-1 bosons in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Yamashika, Shion
name: Yoshii, Ryosuke
name: Tsuchiya, Shunji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study collective modes and superfluidity of spin-1 bosons with antiferromagnetic interactions in an optical lattice based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation derived from the spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model. Specifically, we examine the stability of supercurrents in the polar phase in the vicinity of the Mott insulating phase with even filling factors. Solving the linearized TDGL equation, we obtain gapless spin-nematic modes and gapful spin-wave modes in the polar phase that arise due to the breaking of $S^2$ symmetry in spin space. Supercurrents exhibit dynamical instabilities induced by growing collective modes. In contrast to the second-order phase transition, the critical momentum of mass currents is finite at the phase boundary of the first-order superfluid-Mott insulator (SF-MI) phase transition. Furthermore, the critical momentum remains finite throughout the metastable SF phase and approaches zero towards the phase boundary, at which the metastable SF state disappears. We also study the stability of spin currents motivated by recent experiments for spinor gases. The critical momentum of spin currents is found to be zero, where a spin-nematic mode causes the dynamical instability. We investigate the origin of the zero critical momentum of spin currents and find it attributed to the fact that the polar state becomes energetically unstable even in the presence of an infinitesimal spin current. We discuss implications of the zero critical momentum of spin currents for the stability of the polar state.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Evolution of Production Indicators over Time in Nelore Cows from the Bolivian Tropics
Creators: name: Ikeda, Atsuko
name: Marini, Pablo R.
name: Ikeda, Atsuko
name: Marini, Pablo R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: longevity
subject: accumulative production
subject: aggregated indicators
subject: zootechnic efficiency
subject: grazing system

description: The objective of the present work was to analyze the evolution of the productive indicators over time in Nelore cows of the Bolivian tropics. The period between 1991 and 2016, corresponding to 3899 calvings of Nelore cows were used for the research work which belong to the Technology Center on Agriculture and Livestock in Bolivia belonging (FUNDATION CETABOL) and the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacaníwere used. Cows were ordered by birth period into three groups (1991-2000; 2001-2010; 2011-2016). The following variables were analyzed: Age at first calving in days, Live weight of cow in kg, Calf weight at birth in kg, Calf weight at weaning in kg, Calving interval in days, Longevity in days, Accumulative Productivity in kg Total calf production (CP) in kg. The age at first calving has decreased compared to the decade of 1991-2000, however the last period (2011-2016) has increased one more month compared to the period (2001-2010) showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The weights of the cows and the calving interval followed the same behavior in the sense of decreasing, showing that in the period 2011-2015, the cows had the lowest live weight and the lowest calving-calving interval. The calf weight at birth showed an increase in the last two periods with significant difference (p≤0.05) with the period 1991-2000. That the longest-lived cows were those from the 1991-2000 period, showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The cows of the period 2001-2010 presented the best value of the Accumulated Production (p≤0.05), although the highest production of kg of weaned calf was for the cows of the period 1991-2000. It was concluded of the evolution of the productive indicators over time in Nelore cows from the Bolivian tropics individually showed an improvement in their indicators, although the analysis of the more complex indicators did not show an improvement in the results.
The Kondo Resonance in Electron Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Allen, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kondo resonance is the spectral manifestation of the Kondo properties of the impurity Anderson model, and also plays a central role in the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) for correlated electron lattice systems. This article presents an overview of electron spectroscopy studies of the resonance for the 4f electrons of cerium compounds, and for the 3d electrons of V_2O_3, including beginning efforts at using angle resolved photoemission to determine the k-dependence of the resonance. The overview includes the comparison and analysis of spectroscopy data with theoretical spectra as calculated for the impurity model and as obtained by DMFT, and the Kondo volume collapse calculation of the cerium alpha-gamma phase transition boundary, with its spectroscopic underpinnings.
description: 32 pages, 11 figures, 151 references; paper for special issue of J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. on "Kondo Effect--40 Years after the Discovery"
Supersymmetry then and now
Creators: name: Zumino, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief description of some salient aspects of four-dimensional supersymmetry: early history, supermanifolds, the MSSM, cold dark matter, the cosmological constant and the string landscape.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, talk given at the Julius Wess Symposium, Munich, Germany, January 10-11, 2005
Hint to Supersymmetry from GR Vacuum
Creators: name: Dvali, Gia
name: Kobakhidze, Archil
name: Sakhelashvili, Otari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $S$-matrix formulation of gravity suggests that the $θ$-vacuum structure must not be sustained by the theory. We point out that, when applied to the vacuum of general relativity, this criterion hints to supersymmetry. The topological susceptibility of gravitational vacuum induced by Eguchi-Hanson instantons can be eliminated neither by spin-$1/2$ fermions nor by an axion coupled via them since such fermions do not provide instanton zero modes. Instead, the job is done by a spin-$3/2$ fermion, hence realizing a local supersymmetry. This scenario also necessitates the spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry and predicts the existence of axion of $R$-symmetry which gets mass exclusively from the gravitational instantons. The $R$-axion can be a viable dark matter candidate. Matching between the index and the anomaly imposes a constraint that spin-$1/2$ fermions should not contribute to the chiral gravitational anomaly.
description: 20 pages
Impact of Land Reform on Productivity, Land Value and Human Capital Investment: Household Level Evidence from West Bengal
Creators: name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Yadav, Vandana
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Yadav, Vandana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: While land reform has been the subject of considerable scholarly debate, most of the analyses have been at the aggregate level and focused on rather short-term effects. We use a listing of more than 90,000 households in some 200 villages in West Bengal to highlight the impact of the state's 1978 land reform program on human capital accumulation and current productivity of land use. While we ascertain a highly significant positive effect on long-term accumulation of human capital, our analysis also suggests that, partly because land that had been received through land reform is still operated under share tenancy arrangements, productivity on such land is significantly lower than the average. The combination of lower productivity of reform land relative to own land and land rental and sale's restriction of reform land is associated with significantly lower purchase and sale's price of reform land compared to own land. Programs to allow land reform beneficiaries to acquire full ownership could thus have significant benefits.
Adaptive nonreciprocal wave attenuation in linear piezoelectric metastructures shunted with one-way electrical transmission lines
Creators: name: Zheng, Yisheng
name: Zhang, Junxian
name: Qu, Yegao
name: Meng, Guang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrary to elastic media, it is easy to attain one-way coupling feature among electrical elements, which enables unidirectional transmission of electrical wave. In this paper, we explore and exploit the interaction of a piezoelectric beam with a one-way electrical transmission line to facilitate nonreciprocal transmission of elastic wave in the linear fashion. Theoretical dispersion analysis and numerical simulations are performed to reveal transmission behaviors of elastic wave in the presented piezoelectric metastructure. It is uncovered that, when the one-way electrical coupling feature is introduced, local-resonance bandgaps are maintained in opposite directions of the piezoelectric metastructure. However, the bandgap attenuation capability in one direction is increased compared to conventional local-resonance metastructures, in which no electrical coupling exists between cells, while that in the other direction is decreased. Therefore, nonreciprocal transmission of elastic wave emerges in this system due to the distinct bandgap attenuation capability. It is also revealed that this sort of nonreciprocal wave attenuation capability is adaptive with the one-way electrical coupling coefficient and the resistance of electrical cells. An experimental set-up of the piezoelectric metastructure is built and experimental results verify the nonreciprocity property and its adaptiveness. Overall, the presented piezoelectric metastructure provides a linear and concise approach to realize adaptive nonreciprocal transmission of elastic wave.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
On-farm Soil Health Assessment of Cover-cropping in Florida
Creators: name: Bhadha, Jehangir H.
name: Xu, Nan
name: Rabbany, Abul
name: Amgain, Naba R.
name: Capasso, Jay
name: Korus, Kevin
name: Swanson, Stewart
name: Bhadha, Jehangir H.
name: Xu, Nan
name: Rabbany, Abul
name: Amgain, Naba R.
name: Capasso, Jay
name: Korus, Kevin
name: Swanson, Stewart
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: cover crop
subject: organic matter
subject: active carbon
subject: sandy soil
subject: soil protein
subject: soil health

description: Conventional cropping systems on sandy soils require continuous application of large amounts of external nutrients and irrigation water yet remain vulnerable to loses of these inputs. Within the state of Florida, need exists to provide farmers with economically viable alternatives that harness ecological processes and improve soil health and biodiversity. Cover crops are proving to be vital in the development of soil health. As part of this study we conducted a comprehensive on-farm assessment involving nine collaborative growers (ten farms) across the state; with each individual farm following its unique cover-cropping practice. Our goal was to shadow their practice and determine its effect on soil health indicators such as soil pH, bulk density (BD), maximum water holding capacity (MWHC), organic matter (OM), active carbon, cation exchange capacity, soil protein, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), Mehlich-3 P (M3P) and potassium (M3K). Compared to fallow, soil OM, MWHC, and soil protein showed increases in cover crop fields for most farms, which presented a positive change towards building up soil health. Although soil TKN level was significantly decreased due to cover crops, soil protein level building up over time was the most positive change for soil health. M3K decreased in cover-crop fields, which indicated that supplementary K would be necessary prior to planting subsequent cash crops.
A bolometric technique for broadband measurement of surface resistance and application to single crystal YBa2Cu306.99
Creators: name: Turner, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A bolometric technique has been developed to measure the frequency dependence of the surface resistance, R[sub s], of high temperature superconductor single crystals near IK over the range 0.1 to 20 GHz. This experiment measures the shape of the conductivity spectrum, while also having the sensitivity to measure the residual loss in the low temperature limit. Preliminary measurements on detwinned ultrahigh purity single crystals of YBa₂Cu₃O₆.₉₅ reveal that the real part of the conductivity σ₁(ω) is reasonably well fit by a Drude model over the majority of the frequency range. Variations between measurements have been observed which raise questions about the stability and contamination of YBCO crystal surfaces. Given that the conductivity spectrum has a width of about 7 GHz, it is natural to expect that the mechanism involved will settle into a low T limit when T is below 7GHz = 0.35K (=7 GHzxh/k[sub B]). Work towards performing the experiment at 0.1K is in progress.
The Adoption and Disadoption of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin in the U.S. Dairy Industry
Creators: name: An, Henry
name: An, Henry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) has been a source of much controversy ever since its commercial introduction in 1993. In spite of initial predictions that it would revolutionize the dairy industry, the reality is that more and more producers are choosing to discontinue using rbST. This paper contributes to the existing literature by addressing the disadoption decision. Using data from a nationally representative survey of U.S. dairy producers, this paper examines the reasons dairy producers have disadopted rbST and identifies the key variables that are correlated with adoption and disadoption. The results show that the use of complementary dairy technologies is associated with a higher probability of adopting rbST, a higher intensity of adoption and a lower probability of disadopting rbST.