cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical NiS/N-doped carbon composite hollow spheres with excellent supercapacitor performance
Creators: name: Yu, J.
name: Jiang, C.
name: You, W.
name: Liu, T.
name: Cheng, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Designing electrode materials with high specific capacitance is crucial for further improving the energy storage performance of supercapacitors. Nickel sulfide (NiS) nanosheets anchored on the surface of N-doped hollow carbon spheres (NiS/NHCS) were rationally designed and synthesized via a multistep transformation approach. Uniform nickel silicate nanosheets were first deposited on the surface of NHCSs, followed by chemical conversion into NiS nanosheets. The NiS/NHCS composite shows excellent electrochemical properties as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The NiS/NHCS electrode can deliver a high specific capacitance of 1150 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and show outstanding cycling performance with a retention rate of 76% over 4000 cycles, which are much higher than those of pure NiS hollow spheres (NiS-HS) (400 F g-1 and 63%, respectively). Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor assembled with NiS/NHCS as the cathode and an activated carbon electrode as the anode delivers a high energy density of 38.3 W h kg-1 at a power density of 160 W kg-1 and has an excellent cycle performance with the retention rate of 96% after 5000 cycles. The exceptional electrochemical performance of the NiS/NHCS composite indicates its potential application in high-performance supercapacitors.
title: New vaccines against pneumonia: Investigating protein-specific immune responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae using Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Creators: name: Owugha, JT
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2017

description: Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally: S. pneumoniae is the primary bacterial agent of pneumonia, the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age and a major cause of invasive disease in the elderly. Currently licensed vaccination strategies target pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides of which there are 94 known types (serotypes). Antibodies against vaccine serotypes effectively protect against invasive pneumococcal disease, but less so against mucosal infections including pneumonia. New vaccine development efforts aim to overcome these hurdles by targeting conserved and immunogenic pneumococcal proteins. The Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) is a leading candidate due to its expression across all known clinically relevant pneumococcal strains, and ability to protect against infection across serotypes. However, PspA sequence heterogeneity necessitates identification of cross-protective protein constructs. In this doctoral research project, I investigated pneumococcal protein-specific humoral and CD4+ T-lymphocyte immune responses to S. pneumoniae utilising the platform of Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage (EHPC). With an emphasis on PspA, immune responses to nasopharyngeal carriage - the prerequisite to pneumococcal disease and proxy for infection - were evaluated. I present the first evidence of CD4+ T-cell responses specific to an individual pneumococcal purified protein in the blood of healthy adults both before and after carriage. PspA-specific CD4+ T-cell responses to S. pneumoniae in bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy adults after EHPC were detected at lower levels than in blood, indicating non-immunodominance of PspA as a T-cell antigen in the lung, and compartmentalisation of immune response. I also describe from preliminary data, a potential role of PspA in protection from pneumococcal carriage re- acquisition, and optimise an assay for the identification of linear pneumococcal protein epitopes with potential for inclusion in a multiple epitope protein. Unveiling protein-specific immune responses to S.pneumoniae using controlled and reproducible EHPC, may aid in our understanding of immunity towards selection of protein vaccine candidates for protection against human pneumococcal infection and disease.
title: Understanding LI-RADS: approach for daily practice.
Creators: name: Pérez Ramírez, Celia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Cirrhosis

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To understand and review LI-RADS (liver imaging reporting and data system) last versión, ilustrating with cases of our hospital. To describe the most important imaging features; are diameter, vascular characteristics (arterial phase...
Donor polymer fluorination doubles the efficiency in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics
Creators: name: Zhan, X.
name: Bauer, N.
name: Zhu, J.
name: Zhu, C.
name: Peng, Z.
name: You, W.
name: Yan, L.
name: Ade, H.
name: Zhang, Q.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Donor polymer fluorination has proven to be an effective method to improve the power conversion efficiency of fullerene-based polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, this fluorine effect has not been well-studied in systems containing new, non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Here, we investigate the impact of donor polymer fluorination in NFA-based solar cells by fabricating devices with either a fluorinated conjugated polymer (FTAZ) or its non-fluorinated counterpart (HTAZ) as the donor polymer and a small molecule NFA (ITIC) as the acceptor. We found that, similar to fullerene-based devices, fluorination leads to an increased open circuit voltage (Voc) from the lowered HOMO level and improved fill factor (FF) from the higher charge carrier mobility. More importantly, donor polymer fluorination in this NFA-based system also led to a large increase in short circuit current (Jsc), which stems from the improved charge transport and extraction in the fluorinated device. This study demonstrates that fluorination is also advantageous in NFA-based PSCs and may improve performance to a higher extent than in fullerene-based PSCs. In the context of other recent reports on demonstrating higher photovoltaic device efficiencies with fluorinated materials, fluorination appears to be a valuable strategy in the design and synthesis of future donors and acceptors for PSCs.
title: It's not all about the bone
Creators: name: Talarczyk, Piotr
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Artifacts
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: Thorax
subject: Bones
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this pictorial essay is to: Categorise causes of increased and decreased extraosseous tracer activity in Tc99m MDP bone scintigraphy. Use examples with correlative cross-sectional imaging to illustrate artefacts and extraosseous...
(101867) Fanny Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Distinction between PTB7-Th samples prepared from Pd(PPh3)4 and Pd2(dba)3/P(: O -tol)3 catalysed stille coupling polymerization and the resultant photovoltaic performance
Creators: name: Zhan, C.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Lu, X.
name: You, W.
name: Xiao, S.
name: Wang, W.
name: Yang, M.
name: Gao, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: State-of-the-art polymer donors for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) are mostly alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers prepared from palladium catalysed Stille cross-coupling condensations. The structural variation of D-A copolymers, such as conjugated backbones, alkyl side chains and positions, substituents and molecular weights, has been proven to significantly impact the energy levels, intermolecular interactions and molecular packing, which hereafter synergistically determine the performance of corresponding BHJ PSCs. For a given D-A copolymer, the alternation of D and A units does not always proceed as intended when a specific catalyst is employed. The actual D:A ratios and the molecular weights would most likely be inconsistent as well when catalyzed differently in preparation. To clarify the impact of the catalysts employed for polymerizations on the structure of the resultant polymers and on the corresponding photovoltaic performance, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the distinction between two PTB7-Th samples prepared from Stille coupling polymerization with the classic palladium catalysts Pd2(dba)3/P(o-tol)3 and Pd(PPh3)4, respectively. The structural variation between the two PTB7-Th samples is discovered to be distinct with respect to both the actual D: ratios and the molecular weights, which endow the two samples with entirely different aggregation behaviors and optoelectronic properties. The optimized polymer:PC71BM BHJ PSC device demonstrates a normal PCE of 8.65% with the PTB7-Th sample catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)4 as reported and a deteriorated PCE of 4.07% with the PTB7-Th sample catalyzed by Pd2(dba)3/P(o-tol)3. A significant morphological evolution between the two PTB7-Th samples from the neat film to the BHJ film was clarified. This wealth of information on the strong correlation among the variations in the chemical structure, the morphology and the device performance allows the establishment of guidance on the selection of the appropriate catalyst to obtain high-performance PSC polymers.
title: Endovenous laser ablation of spermatic vein for the treatment of varicocele
Creators: name: Motta, Alessandro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Catheter venography
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Laser
subject: Embolisation
subject: Venous access
subject: Varices
subject: Sedation
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Current treatment of varicocele involves both surgical (open, laparoscopic and microsurgery) and interventional approach (either with coils and/or sclerosant injection). Moreover percutaneous embolisation of the spermatic veins for treatment of...
Enhancing the performance of a fused-ring electron acceptor: Via extending benzene to naphthalene
Creators: name: Rech, J.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Liu, K.
name: Zhan, X.
name: You, W.
name: Ma, W.
name: Li, T.
name: Zhu, J.
name: Wang, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: We compared an indacenodithiophene(IDT)-based fused-ring electron acceptor IDIC1 with its counterpart IHIC1 in which the central benzene unit is replaced by a naphthalene unit, and investigated the effects of the benzene/naphthalene core on the optical and electronic properties as well as on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared with benzene-cored IDIC1, naphthalene-cored IHIC1 shows a larger π-conjugation with stronger intermolecular π-π stacking. Relative to benzene-cored IDIC1, naphthalene-cored IHIC1 shows a higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level (IHIC1: -3.75 eV, IDIC1: -3.81 eV) and a higher electron mobility (IHIC1: 3.0 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1, IDIC1: 1.5 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). When paired with the polymer donor FTAZ that has matched energy levels and a complementary absorption spectrum, IHIC1-based OSCs show higher values of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor and power conversion efficiency relative to those of the IDIC1-based control devices. These results demonstrate that extending benzene in IDT to naphthalene is a promising approach to upshift energy levels, enhance electron mobility, and finally achieve higher efficiency in nonfullerene acceptor-based OSCs.
title: RÉCITS DES ORIGINES 7. Naissance du Soleil et de la Lune
Creators: name: García Hernández, María Angélica
Publisher: name: Pangloss
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Linguistique
subject: Mixtèque

description: L’extrait ci-dessous a été énoncé par un homme de 85 ans, habitant la localité de San Pedro Centro, et qui a raconté la façon dont une femme Ntaka (êtres mythologiques qui vivent dans les forêts) a eu un enfant avec un Homme Cerf et a aussi trouvé un autre enfant devant sa porte. Les enfants ont grandi. L’un d’entre eux a tué son père et a essayé de tuer sa mère dans un bain de vapeur. Elle s’est transformé lors de ce bain en la Femme Tayoko, c'est-à-dire une femme constituée de chaleur et de vapeur. Elle habite et contrôle ces éléments.
Quantum cellular automata without particles
Creators: name: Meyer, David A.
name: Shakeel, Asif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 68Q12, 68Q80

description: Quantum cellular automata (QCA) constitute space and time homogeneous discrete models for quantum field theories (QFTs). Although QFTs are defined without reference to particles, computations are done in terms of Feynman diagrams, which are explicitly interpreted in terms of interacting particles. Similarly, the easiest QCA to construct are quantum lattice gas automata (QLGA). A natural question then is, which QCA are not QLGA? Here we construct a non-trivial example of such a QCA; it provides a simple model in $1+1$ dimensions with no particle interpretation at the scale where the QCA dynamics are homogeneous.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. Physical Review A version. Expanded introduction and background
Incorporating Fluorine Substitution into Conjugated Polymers for Solar Cells: Three Different Means, Same Results
Creators: name: Roland, S.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Gomez, E.D.
name: You, W.
name: Neher, D.
name: Kabius, B.
name: Lee, Y.
name: Kelly, M.A.
name: Zhang, Q.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Fluorinating conjugated polymers is a proven strategy for creating high performance materials in polymer solar cells, yet few studies have investigated the importance of the fluorination method. We compare the performance of three fluorinated systems: a poly(benzodithieno-dithienyltriazole) (PBnDT-XTAZ) random copolymer where 50% of the acceptor units are difluorinated, PBnDT-mFTAZ where every acceptor unit is monofluorinated, and a 1:1 physical blend of the difluorinated and nonfluorinated polymer. All systems have the same degree of fluorination (50%) yet via different methods (chemically vs physically, random vs regular). We show that these three systems have equivalent photovoltaic behavior: ∼5.2% efficiency with a short-circuit current (Jsc) at ∼11 mA cm-2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) at 0.77 V, and a fill factor (FF) of ∼60%. Further investigation of these three systems demonstrates that the charge generation, charge extraction, and charge transfer state are essentially identical for the three studied systems. Transmission electron microscopy shows no significant differences in the morphologies. All these data illustrate that it is possible to improve performance not only via regular or random fluorination but also by physical addition via a ternary blend. Thus, our results demonstrate the versatility of incorporating fluorine in the active layer of polymer solar cells to enhance device performance. (Graph Presented).
title: 4R Nitrogen and Water Optimization Combinations for Intermountain West Field Crops
Creators: name: Sullivan, Tina
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: The concept of 4R (right source, rate, placement, and timing) management needs little introduction due to the surplus of nutrient studies in the literature for most cultivated crops. However, few studies have looked at these practices in the Intermountain West with nitrogen use, and fewer looked at 4R irrigation management. A survey was conducted to explore the interactions of nitrogen and irrigation management, test sensitivity to supply and price changes of nitrogen and irrigation for Utah and Idaho growers of small grains, corn, and potatoes, and determine the current adoption of precision agriculture options and identify the opportunities to improve. A grower management online survey was emailed to 5,000 Utah and Idaho growers in early 2020. Questions were asked about farm demographics, 4R nitrogen and irrigation management, and precision agriculture usage. Though a low response rate, the 146 responses represented 25,000 hectares of crop production. Limited significant interactions occurred for the independent and dependent variables. Responses suggested that growers in the two states are willing to change as they are not completely satisfied with their management practices. There were implications of the need to change and continue fine tuning recommendations and building trust with growers.
Water has always been a limiting factor in crop production in the Intermountain West, but recent pressure to urbanization, unstable global markets, and changing climate has exacerbated the problem. Ways to optimize water have been tested individually, but not in a stacking environment with their effects on yield and quality of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The field study objectives were to evaluate the impact of soil management, crop genetics, irrigation technology, and irrigation rate on corn for silage yield and quality. Logan, Vernal, and Cedar City, Utah were used to generate five site-years of data from 2019 to 2021 on irrigation technology, rates, and management factors. Silage corn yield and quality were collected and analyzed as a nested factorial randomized block design. Analysis across factors and site years suggested that stacking of higher magnitudes results in less significant yield and quality benefits or losses. Rate reductions resulted in the highest yield losses, but reductions also maintained quality.
title: A Thematic Analysis of the Charity Tribunal and Suggestions for its Reform
Creators: name: Crumley, Brett
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2026

description: The Charity Tribunal for England and Wales opened in 2008, and has become an important feature in the regulatory landscape for charities. A systematic understanding of the forum is crucial because its work is pivotal to the legal machinery of charities. This thesis considers the extent to which the Tribunal is an improvement on the High Court, to which it can influence charity regulation, and to which it can help charity law develop. The project thematically analyses every recorded Tribunal action, concludes that reforms are needed, and suggests legislative amendments and changes to practice to facilitate the Tribunal’s promising future.
Extension of Marcatili's analytical approach for rectangular silicon optical waveguides
Creators: name: Westerveld, W. J.
name: Leinders, S. M.
name: van Dongen, K. W. A.
name: Urbach, H. P.
name: Yousefi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Marcatili's famous approximate analytical description of light propagating through rectangular dielectric waveguides, published in 1969, gives accurate results for low-index-contrast waveguides. However, photonic integrated circuit technology has advanced to high-index-contrast (HIC) waveguides. In this paper, we improve Marcatili's model by adjusting the amplitudes of the components of the electromagnetic fields in his description. We find that Marcatili's eigenvalue equation for the propagation constant is also valid for HIC waveguides. Our improved method shows much better agreement with rigorous numerical simulations, in particular for the case of HIC waveguides. We also derive explicit expressions for the effective group index and the effects of external forces on the propagation constant. Furthermore, with our method the phenomenon of avoided crossing of modes is observed and studied.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
title: Feasibility of percutaneous cryoablation of vertebral metastases under local anaesthesia in ASAIII patients
Creators: name: Motta, Alessandro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Sedation
subject: Metastases
subject: Cancer
subject: Vertebroplasty
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Percutaneous
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Bones

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Spine is a common site of metastases from several primary neoplasms [1]. Modern management includes, when inoperable, percutaneous techniques such as ablation and cementoplasty. Among others, percutaneous cryoablation has been reported as a safe and...
Charge Generation and Mobility-Limited Performance of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with a Higher Adduct Fullerene
Creators: name: You, W.
name: Zhang, Q.
name: Roland, S.
name: Neher, D.
name: Ghasemi, M.
name: Jiao, X.
name: Yan, L.
name: Ade, H.
name: Hunt, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Alternative electron acceptors are being actively explored in order to advance the development of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). The indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) has been regarded as a promising candidate, as it provides high open-circuit voltage in BHJ solar cells; however, the photovoltaic performance of such ICBA-based devices is often inferior when compared to cells with the omnipresent PCBM electron acceptor. Here, by pairing the high performance polymer (FTAZ) as the donor with either PCBM or ICBA as the acceptor, we explore the physical mechanism behind the reduced performance of the ICBA-based device. Time delayed collection field (TDCF) experiments reveal reduced, yet field-independent free charge generation in the FTAZ:ICBA system, explaining the overall lower photocurrent in its cells. Through the analysis of the photoluminescence, photogeneration, and electroluminescence, we find that the lower generation efficiency is neither caused by inefficient exciton splitting, nor do we find evidence for significant energy back-transfer from the CT state to singlet excitons. In fact, the increase in open circuit voltage when replacing PCBM by ICBA is entirely caused by the increase in the CT energy, related to the shift in the LUMO energy, while changes in the radiative and nonradiative recombination losses are nearly absent. On the other hand, space charge limited current (SCLC) and bias-assisted charge extraction (BACE) measurements consistently reveal a severely lower electron mobilitiy in the FTAZ:ICBA blend. Studies of the blends with resonant soft X-ray scattering (R-SoXS), grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) reveal very little differences in the mesoscopic morphology but significantly less nanoscale molecular ordering of the fullerene domains in the ICBA based blends, which we propose as the main cause for the lower generation efficiency and smaller electron mobility. Calculations of the JV curves with an analytical model, using measured values, show good agreement with the experimentally determined JV characteristics, proving that these devices suffer from slow carrier extraction, resulting in significant bimolecular recombination losses. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of high charge carrier mobility for newly synthesized acceptor materials, in addition to having suitable energy levels.
Household Energy, Technological Dependence, and New Ways of Communication in Buffalo, New York
Creators: name: Shaw, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: electricity
subject: energy conservation
subject: household energy
subject: electrical appliances
subject: technological change
subject: communication
subject: electric cars
subject: cellphones

description: Rebecca Shaw interviews her mother, Vernee Shaw, about technological changes in Buffalo, New York. Shaw begins by discussing her earliest memories of household energy usage, like electrical appliances and the television. She also describes being conscious of energy conservation from a young age. Shaw reflects changes in household chores as a result of new domestic technologies, like washing machines, dryers, and microwaves. Shaw discusses having a landline, getting her first cellphone, and the changes she has observed in privacy, safety, and lifestyle due to the widespread adoption of cellphones and GPS. Shaw discusses on the ways that technology has expanded and shares her predictions and concerns for its future.
title: RÉCITS DES ORIGINES 8. Les premiers ancêtres et les tremblements de terre
Creators: name: García Hernández, María Angélica
Publisher: name: Pangloss
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Linguistique
subject: Mixtèque

description: Dans la suite, les deux enfants sont devenus le Soleil et la Lune. Au moment de monter au ciel, l’un d’eux a pris un lapin qui est resté sur la surface de la Lune.
title: Highly Water Repellent Polymer-Nanoparticle Composite Coatings: Moving Towards Real World Applications
Creators: name: Upton, Rebekah
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2022

description: Synthetic superhydrophobic materials are frequently inspired by those found in nature. Artificial surfaces have been heavily documented throughout the years, as many innovative fabrication routes have been reported within the literature, and a diverse range of materials have been employed; a broad overview of the field of superhydrophobic materials design will be discussed in chapter 1. Generally, highly water repellent materials display several inherent properties that are deemed to be commercially and industrially desirable. Yet, typically lack the level of resilience that would be required to commercially roll-out materials. Although there has been much diversity within this field, polymer-nanoparticle composites have received particular attention, for reasons addressed within the introductory chapter. The research presented within this thesis, first details a novel design principle that can be used to systematically optimise highly water repellent materials that comprise a range of hydrophobic polymers (chapter 2). In doing so, the effects that component composition has on surface hydrophobicity, microstructure and resultant functionality (self-cleaning performance) are investigated, with the aid of confocal fluorescence microscopy and other standard imaging techniques. In further experimental work, routes of imparting resilience into coatings are explored, while applying the defined design principle throughout to ensure full materials optimisation. Firstly, the UV instability issues that surround superhydrophobic pigmented coatings that comprise photoactive nanoparticles, are tackled. Whereby, alternative pigments are investigated, and both polymeric and molecular composites are studied (chapter 3). Following this, the physical durability and underwater stability issues, associated with external superhydrophobic coatings, are simultaneously addressed (chapter 4). Here, the introduction of a high-strength additive and use of an alternative design approach is used as a combined tool, to demonstrate that mechanical strength and underwater plastron stability can be significantly enhanced. Finally, the closing experimental chapter investigates the use of more sustainable hydrophobic polymers, which comprise a natural organic crosslinker and waste by-product of the petrochemical industries, for their use as multi-functional superhydrophobic coatings (chapter 5).
(101869) Mary Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: The Development of Superhydrophobic Materials for Real-World Applications
Creators: name: Mehanna, Yasmin
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2022

description: Inspired by many natural systems, superhydrophobic materials have been widely reported throughout the scientific literature. Their distinguished properties, owing to their inherent hydrophobicity and rough morphology, allowed their development for several application fields. In spite of their promising functionalities, the commercial availability of these materials is still limited. This is attributed to several factors, including material compatibility, inadequate deposition routes, physical resilience, and scaling-up complications. While the reported methods to fabricate novel surfaces are abundant, the consideration of these limiting factors is crucial for the wider applicability of superhydrophobic surfaces. The aim of this thesis is to promote the applicability of superhydrophobic surfaces in real-life applications. This is achieved by investigating the limitations of these surfaces and attempting to address them. The inclusion of heat-sensitive substrates was attempted for a heat-dependant deposition method, which was achieved by re-designing the technical setup and re-adjusting the deposition parameters accordingly (Chapter 2). Following this, the signified influence of coatings resilience on their applicability motivated the introduction of a simple analysis methodology for resilience assessment, combining image analysis and mass-loss tracking (Chapter 3). In addition, the investigation of resilience-enhancement of polymer/particle composite coatings was conducted, aiming to relate the properties of coating components to the observed robustness (Chapter 4). After that, the inclusion of recycled waste polymers was attempted to fabricate a superhydrophobic filter for oil/water separation, through the utilisation of micronized polymer powder and investigation of the optimum treatment conditions (Chapter 5). Finally, the applicability of superhydrophobic coatings in protecting water-sensitive materials was examined as an example of an important application of superhydrophobic coatings (Chapter 6).
title: Annual cycles in the behaviour and energetics of North Atlantic seabirds
Creators: name: Dunn, Ruth
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2021

description: Energy is the central currency that drives biological processes at every hierarchical level of life and maintaining an energetic balance is therefore integral to an animal’s survival. For iteroparous species, investigating how they manage their energy budgets throughout the annual cycle, in the face of seasonally varying intrinsic and extrinsic drivers, is critical to understanding the viability of populations. Although studying year-round energetics has previously been challenging, advances in biologging technology increasingly help to provide novel insights. Seabirds are a frequently investigated taxon within biologging studies; they are top marine predators that are often wide-ranging and many species are of high conservation concern due to a multitude of anthropogenic threats. However, despite an accumulation of knowledge regarding seabird movement and behaviour during their breeding seasons, our understanding of their year-round energetics remains fragmented. Within this thesis I therefore use a range of biologging and analytical approaches to investigate seabird behaviour and energetics throughout different key phases of the year, as well as across the entire annual cycle. Initially, using a global, multi-species, meta-analytical approach, I identify the large-scale drivers of seabird energetics during the breeding period. I demonstrate that seabird energy expenditure increases across the breeding season and also that it is higher for larger birds living at more extreme latitudes. I then focus on the North Atlantic marine ecosystem and compare the diving behaviour of common guillemots Uria aalge, razorbills Alca torda and Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica during the period following the breeding season. Using biologging data, I identify interspecific, sex-specific and temporal differences in key dive metrics, driven by differences in body mass, post-breeding strategy and environmental conditions. Next, I combine both biologging data and statistical modelling approaches to focus on temporal changes in the behaviour and energetics of common guillemots. I illustrate that seasonal variation in thermoregulatory costs, diving activity, colony attendance and associated flight all drive guillemot energy expenditure. Finally, I identify temporal and spatial patterns in year-round body mass, subsequent susceptibility to mortality and energy gain. By examining the year-round energetics of seabirds I have therefore been able to develop a more mechanistic understanding of the links between seabird behaviour, energetics and survival in the face of seasonal environmental variability. Due to my focus on energetics, these findings have conservation and management implications; I demonstrate novel approaches to not only increase our understanding of the year-round food requirements of the world’s seabirds, but also the potential to identify times and locations throughout the year where seabirds might be susceptible to threats that may impede their survival.
Federal Funds in Nonmetro Areas: Patterns and Trends
Creators: name: Reid, J. Norman
name: Whitehead, Eleanor
name: Reid, J. Norman
name: Whitehead, Eleanor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Public Economics

description: Excerpts from the report: Federal funds to rural areas and small towns grew more rapidly in 1976-79 than Federal funding to metropolitan areas, but were still 10 percent less than the 1979 national average. Nonmetro Federal funding per capita reached $1,994, 87 percent of the metro level. The South received $172 billion in Federal funds, more than any other region and nearly a third of the $483 billion national total. The West received the most Federal funds on a per capita basis. This bulletin outlines the allocation of Federal dollars among regions and localities, concentrating on the recent gains in the level of Federal funding to nonmetro counties. Data are for fiscal years 1976-79, the most recent available for analysis. While recent and contemplated congressional actions will probably have major effects on Federal funding, it may take several years for those actions to be fully reflected at the local level. In the meantime, this bulletin should serve as a useful baseline against which to measure changes.
On the Origins and Control of Community Types in the Human Microbiome
Creators: name: Gibson, Travis E.
name: Bashan, Amir
name: Cao, Hong-Tai
name: Weiss, Scott T.
name: Liu, Yang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Microbiome-based stratification of healthy individuals into compositional categories, referred to as "community types", holds promise for drastically improving personalized medicine. Despite this potential, the existence of community types and the degree of their distinctness have been highly debated. Here we adopted a dynamic systems approach and found that heterogeneity in the interspecific interactions or the presence of strongly interacting species is sufficient to explain community types, independent of the topology of the underlying ecological network. By controlling the presence or absence of these strongly interacting species we can steer the microbial ecosystem to any desired community type. This open-loop control strategy still holds even when the community types are not distinct but appear as dense regions within a continuous gradient. This finding can be used to develop viable therapeutic strategies for shifting the microbial composition to a healthy configuration
description: Main Text, Figures, Methods, Supplementary Figures, and Supplementary Text
(101865) Thomas William Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Pilomatricoma: a lot more common than we realize.
Creators: name: González Delgado, Cristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Paediatric
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe typical ultrasonographic findings of pilomatricoma. To improve its diagnostic rate with the use of an ultrasonographic...
Technical Letter: Astrogeology-9 Early Apollo Investigations Field Test 5
Creators: name: Bailey, Norman G.
Publisher: name: U.S. Geological Survey
Year: 1967
Subjects: Apollo, Astronaut Training, Cinder Lake

description: When the Apollo astronauts land on the Moon, their precise location will not be known. The real-time geologic mapping planned for the first mission could best be done if the exact position of the landing site were determined. The astronauts may have to find their position, with or without assistance from the Earth-based scientific mission center, before leaving the Lunar Module (LM), and the less time this takes, the more time will be available for exploring the lunar surface.
High thermoelectric performance can be achieved in black phosphorus
Creators: name: Zhang, J.
name: Liu, H. J.
name: Cheng, L.
name: Wei, J.
name: Liang, J. H.
name: Fan, D. D.
name: Jiang, P. H.
name: Sun, L.
name: Shi, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Few-layer black phosphorus has recently emerged as a promising candidate for novel electronic and optoelectronic device. Here we demonstrate by first-principles calculations and Boltzmann theory that, black phosphorus could also have potential thermoelectric applications and a fair ZT value of 1.1 can be achieved at elevated temperature. Moreover, such value can be further increased to 5.4 by substituting P atom with Sb atom, giving nominal formula of P0.75Sb0.25. Our theoretical work suggests that high thermoelectric performance can be achieved without using complicated crystal structure or seeking for low-dimensional systems.
title: What are those floating balls in a pelvic mass?
Creators: name: Sahin, Hilal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review a specific sign, “floating ball sign”, in gynecological imaging To demonstrate different appearances of floating spherules in ovarian mature cystic teratomas To explain the relationship between the radiologic appearance and the...
Sequence effects in donor-acceptor oligomeric semiconductors comprising benzothiadiazole and phenylenevinylene monomers
Creators: name: Kanal, I.Y.
name: Hutchison, G.R.
name: Meyer, T.Y.
name: Bauer, N.E.
name: Zhang, S.
name: You, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: To understand the influence of monomer sequence on the properties and performance of conjugated oligomers, a series of dimers, trimers, and tetramers were prepared from phenylene (P) and benzothiadiazole (B) monomers linked by vinylene groups. Optical and electrochemical studies established the influence of sequence on both the λmax and redox potentials of this series of structurally related oligomers. For tetramers with bromo end groups (PBBP, BPPB, PBPB, PPBB), the λmax ranged from 493 to 512 nm (Δ = 19 nm), the electrochemical oxidation potential from 0.65 to 0.82 (Δ = 0.17 V) and the reduction potential from-1.45 to-1.31 (Δ = 0.14 V), all of which are sequence-dependent. The effect of end groups (cyano, bromo, and alkyl) was also demonstrated to be important for the properties of these oligomers. DFT calculations of the tetramers were performed and the energy levels were correlated well with the experimentally determined spectroscopic data. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells fabricated with selected tetramers as the donor and PC61BM as the acceptor exhibited power conversion efficiencies that varied by a factor of 3 as a function of sequence (0.47-1.85%). These results suggest that sequence control is important for tuning optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of these structurally related conjugated oligomers.
Optimized 3D simulation method for modeling of out-of-plane radiation in silicon photonic integrated circuits
Creators: name: Westerveld, W. J.
name: Urbach, H. P.
name: Yousefi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an accurate and fast 3D simulation scheme for out-of-plane grating couplers, based on two dimensional rigorous (finite difference time domain) grating simulations, the effective index method (EIM), and the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction formula. In comparison with full 3D FDTD simulations, the rms difference in electric field is below 5% and the difference in power flux is below 3%. A grating coupler for coupling from a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit to an optical fiber positioned 0.1 mm above the circuit is designed as example.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells by UV Absorbent
Creators: name: Su, C.-J.
name: Yan, C.
name: You, W.
name: Zhan, X.
name: Qin, M.
name: Zhang, Q.
name: Wang, J.
name: Cheng, P.
name: Lu, X.
name: Lau, T.-K.
name: Liu, K.
name: Mai, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: To understand the influence of monomer sequence on the properties and performance of conjugated oligomers, a series of dimers, trimers, and tetramers were prepared from phenylene (P) and benzothiadiazole (B) monomers linked by vinylene groups. Optical and electrochemical studies established the influence of sequence on both the λmax and redox potentials of this series of structurally related oligomers. For tetramers with bromo end groups (PBBP, BPPB, PBPB, PPBB), the λmax ranged from 493 to 512 nm (Δ = 19 nm), the electrochemical oxidation potential from 0.65 to 0.82 (Δ = 0.17 V) and the reduction potential from-1.45 to-1.31 (Δ = 0.14 V), all of which are sequence-dependent. The effect of end groups (cyano, bromo, and alkyl) was also demonstrated to be important for the properties of these oligomers. DFT calculations of the tetramers were performed and the energy levels were correlated well with the experimentally determined spectroscopic data. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells fabricated with selected tetramers as the donor and PC61BM as the acceptor exhibited power conversion efficiencies that varied by a factor of 3 as a function of sequence (0.47-1.85%). These results suggest that sequence control is important for tuning optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of these structurally related conjugated oligomers.
title: Usual Interstitial Pneumonia: What the radiologist should know.
Creators: name: Hurtado, Maria Carmen
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Lung

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: High resolution CT (HRCT) image review of the criteria for radiological diagnosis of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) following the official 2010 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT diagnostic criteria for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis...
(101866) Henry Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.