cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Science Potential for Stellar-mass Black Holes as Neighbors of Sgr A*
Creators: name: Tahura, Shammi
name: Pan, Zhen
name: Yang, Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that there is possibly a class of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) residing near (distance $\le 10^3 M$) the galactic center massive black hole, Sgr A*. Possible formation scenarios include the mass segregation of massive stellar-mass black holes and/or the disk migration if there was an active accretion flow near Sgr A* within $\mathcal{O}(10)$ Myr. In this work, we explore the application of this type of objects as sources of space-borne gravitational wave detectors, such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We find it is possible to probe the spin of Sgr A* based on the precession of the orbital planes of these stellar-mass black holes moving around Sgr A*. We also show that the dynamical friction produced by accumulated cold dark matter near Sgr A* generally produces small measurable phase shift in the gravitational waveform. In the case that there is an axion cloud near Sgr A*, the dynamical friction induced modification to gravitational waveform is measurable only if the mass of the axion field is in a narrow range of the mass spectrum. Gravitational interaction between the axion cloud and the stellar-mass black holes may introduce additional precession around the spin of Sgr A*. This additional precession rate is generally weaker than the spin-induced Lense-Thirring precession rate, but nevertheless may contaminate the spin measurement in a certain parameter regime. At last, we point out that the multi-body gravitational interaction between these stellar-mass black holes generally causes negligible phase shift during the LISA lifetime.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures v2: new Fisher parameter added; threshold SNR changes slightly; v3: matches with the published version;
Structure Formation in Dark Matter Particle Production Cosmology
Creators: name: Safari, Z.
name: Rezazadeh, K.
name: Malekolkalami, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a cosmological scenario in which the dark matter particles can be created during the evolution of the Universe. By regarding the Universe as an open thermodynamic system and using non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we examine the mechanism of gravitational particle production. In this setup, we study the large-scale structure (LSS) formation of the Universe in the Newtonian regime of perturbations and derive the equations governing the evolution of the dark matter overdensities. Then, we implement the cosmological data from Planck 2018 CMB measurements, SNe Ia and BAO observations, as well as the Riess et al. (2019) local measurement for $H_0$ to provide some cosmological constraints for the parameters of our model. We see that the best case of our scenario ($χ_{\rm tot}^{2}=3834.40$) fits the observational data better than the baseline $Λ$CDM model ($χ_{\rm tot}^{2} = 3838.00$) at the background level. We moreover estimate the growth factor of linear perturbations and show that the best case of our model ($χ_{fσ_{8}}^{2}=39.85$) fits the LSS data significantly better than the $Λ$CDM model ($χ_{fσ_{8}}^{2}=45.29$). Consequently, our model also makes a better performance at the level of the linear perturbations compared to the standard cosmological model.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
On the Classical Vibrational Coherence of Carbonyl Groups in the Selectivity Filter Backbone of KcsA Ion Channel
Creators: name: Salari, Vahid
name: Sajadi, Maryam
name: Bassereh, Hassan
name: Rezania, Vahid
name: Alaei, Mojtaba
name: Tuszynski, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that quantum coherence in the selectivity filter of ion channel may play a key role in fast conduction and selectivity of ions. However, it has not been clearly elucidated yet why classical coherence is not sufficient for this purpose. In this paper, we investigate the classical vibrational coherence between carbonyl groups oscillations in the selectivity filter of KcsA ion channels based on the data obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that classical coherence plays no effective role in fast ionic conduction.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Global child and adolescent mental health perspectives: bringing change locally, while thinking globally
Creators: name: Kaku, Sowmyashree Mayur
name: Sibeoni, Jordan
name: Basheer, Salah
name: Chang, Jane Pei-Chen
name: Dahanayake, Dulangi Maneksha Amerasinghe
name: Irarrazaval, Matias
name: Lachman, Jamie M
name: Mapayi, Boladale Moyosore
name: Mejia, Anilena
name: Orri, Massimiliano
name: Jui-Goh, Tze
name: Uddin, Md Saleh
name: Vallance, Inge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results of a search for $H \to ττ$ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 $\rm{fb}^{-1}$ and 20.3 $\rm{fb}^{-1}$ at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic ($τ\to \ell ν\bar ν$ with $\ell = e, μ$) and hadronic ($τ\to \rm{hadrons} ν$) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of $μ= 1.43 ^{+0.43}_{-0.37}$ is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model.
description: 61 pages plus author list + cover pages (84 pages total), 15 figures, 17 tables, submitted to Journal of High Energy Physics, All figures including auxiliary figures are availbale at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2013-32/
Deflection of light by the field of a binary system
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Nahid
name: Sedaghatmanesh, Zainab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the motion of a photon in the gravitational field of a binary system. The equations of motion are geodesic equations in a Schwarzchild background with a tidal force. We specialize the equations to that of an edge-on binary and use the method of osculating elements to integrate them. This work helps to identify a binary system through the gravitational light deflection of one member in the gravitational field of the other member. It is found that the effects of the companion body on a photon passing the edge of the star can be potentially detected by astrometric satellites with $μ$as precision, if the ratio of the Schwarzchid radius to the star radius, $\frac{Gm}{c^2 R}\geq 10^{-5}$. Two different cumulative effects on the photon path are identified.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
title: Unklare persistierende Dysphonie bei Patientin mit hämato-onkologischer Grunderkrankung
Creators: name: Lu, Fei
name: Ittensohn, Julia
name: Huelse, Roland
name: Rotter, Nicole
name: Schell, Angela
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund Multiple Myelome (MM) infiltrieren nur sehr selten laryngeale Strukturen. Derzeit fehlen evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen und Schemata. Trotzdem sollten sie stets als seltene aber mögliche Differenzialdiagnose einer laryngealen Raumforderung in Betracht gezogen werden. Nachfolgend[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
Gravitational waves and kicks from the merger of unequal mass, highly compact boson stars
Creators: name: Bezares, Miguel
name: Bošković, Mateja
name: Liebling, Steven
name: Palenzuela, Carlos
name: Pani, Paolo
name: Barausse, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boson stars have attracted much attention in recent decades as simple, self-consistent models of compact objects and also as self-gravitating structures formed in some dark-matter scenarios. Direct detection of these hypothetical objects through electromagnetic signatures would be unlikely because their bosonic constituents are not expected to interact significantly with ordinary matter and radiation. However, binary boson stars might form and coalesce emitting a detectable gravitational wave signal which might distinguish them from ordinary compact object binaries containing black holes and neutron stars. We study the merger of two boson stars by numerically evolving the fully relativistic Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations for a complex scalar field with a solitonic potential that generates very compact boson stars. Owing to the steep mass-radius diagram, we can study the dynamics and gravitational radiation from unequal-mass binary boson stars with mass ratios up to $q\approx23$ without the difficulties encountered when evolving binary black holes with large mass ratios. Similar to the previously-studied equal-mass case, our numerical evolutions of the merger produce either a nonspinning boson star or a spinning black hole, depending on the initial masses and on the binary angular momentum. We do not find any evidence of synchronized scalar clouds forming around either the remnant spinning black hole or around the remnant boson stars. Interestingly, in contrast to the equal-mass case, one of the mechanisms to dissipate angular momentum is now asymmetric, and leads to large kick velocities (up to a few $10^4\,{\rm km/s}$) which could produce wandering remnant boson stars. We also compare the gravitational wave signals predicted from boson star binaries with those from black hole binaries, and comment on the detectability of the differences with ground interferometers.
description: v2: minor changes to match published version
The impact of non-state actors on world politics : a challenge to nation-states.
Creators: name: Olajide, Orogbemi Elias
name: Ola, Adegboyega Adedolapo
name: Adewumi, Samson Adeoluwa
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: History and philosophy of specific fields not elsewhere classified
Political theory and political philosophy
Political science not elsewhere classified

description: Throughout modern history, discussion of world politics is essentially a discussion of nation-states. Nation-states are widely viewed as the only important actors in world politics. However, nation-states are by no means the only politically and economically significant actors in world politics. In the post?World War II era, non-state actors are recognized as having important impact on world politics. This paper critically examines the ways and the extent to which the emergence of non-state actors such as Multinational Corporations, Transnational Advocacy Networks, Transnational Diaspora Communities, and Violent Non-State Actors in world politics affect the relevance of nation-states who were initially regarded as the sole actors in world politics by the realists. Realists see nation-states as the central actors in world politics and equally assert that nation-states can control non-state actors when they really want to. Hence, they argue that world politics is politics between nation-states. This study uses qualitative research method, and leans only on secondary data. The findings of this paper show that state-centric image of world politics is both inaccurate and potentially damaging for the analysis of world politics. A state-centric focus, no matter its level of sophistication, can limit the ability of both academics and policymakers to describe, explain, and manage the complexity of the world arena.
Mechanism of runaway electron beam formation during plasma disruptions in tokamaks
Creators: name: Abdullaev, S. S.
name: Finken, K. H.
name: Wongrach, K.
name: Tokar, M.
name: Koslowski, H. R.
name: Willi, O.
name: Zeng, L.
name: team, the TEXTOR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new physical mechanism of formation of runaway electron (RE) beams during plasma disruptions in tokamaks is proposed. The plasma disruption is caused by a strong stochastic magnetic field formed due to nonlinearly excited low-mode number magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes. It is conjectured that the runaway electron beam is formed in the central plasma region confined inside the intact magnetic surface located between $q=1$ and the closest low--order rational magnetic surfaces [$q=5/4$ or $q=4/3$, \dots]. It results in that runaway electron beam current has a helical nature with a predominant $m/n=1/1$ component. The thermal quench and current quench times are estimated using the collisional models for electron diffusion and ambipolar particle transport in a stochastic magnetic field, respectively. Possible mechanisms for the decay of the runaway electron current owing to an outward drift electron orbits and resonance interaction of high--energy electrons with the $m/n=1/1$ MHD mode are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, one table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1501.01404
Additional file 2 of Global child and adolescent mental health perspectives: bringing change locally, while thinking globally
Creators: name: Kaku, Sowmyashree Mayur
name: Sibeoni, Jordan
name: Basheer, Salah
name: Chang, Jane Pei-Chen
name: Dahanayake, Dulangi Maneksha Amerasinghe
name: Irarrazaval, Matias
name: Lachman, Jamie M
name: Mapayi, Boladale Moyosore
name: Mejia, Anilena
name: Orri, Massimiliano
name: Jui-Goh, Tze
name: Uddin, Md Saleh
name: Vallance, Inge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
Integrated trispectrum detection from BOSS DR12 NGC CMASS
Creators: name: Gualdi, Davide
name: Verde, Licia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first detection of the integrated trispectrum ($\mathit{i}$-trispectrum) monopole and quadrupoles signal from BOSS CMASS NGC DR12. Extending the FKP estimators formalism to the Fourier transform of the four-point correlation function, we test shot-noise subtraction, Gaussianity of the i-trispectrum data-vector, significance of the detection and similarity between the signal from the data and from the galaxy mock catalogues used to numerically estimate the covariance matrix. Using scales corresponding to modes from minimum $k_\mathrm{min}=0.03\,h/\mathrm{Mpc}$ to maximum $k_\mathrm{min}=0.15\,h/\mathrm{Mpc}$, we find a detection in terms of distance from the null hypothesis of $(10.4,5.2,8.3,1.1,3.1)$ $σ$-intervals for the i-trispectrum monopole and quadrupoles respectively. This quantifies the presence of the physical signal of the four-points statistics on BOSS data. For completeness the same analysis is also performed for power spectrum and bispectrum, both monopoles and quadrupoles.
description: 17 pages plus appendix, 11 figures, matching published version on JCAP
title: Mathematical Proposal for Securing Split Learning Using Homomorphic Encryption and Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Creators: name: Kokaj, Agon
name: Mollakuqe, Elissa
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description: This work presents a mathematical solution to data privacy and integrity issues in Split Learning which uses Homomorphic Encryption (HE) and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP). It allows calculations to be conducted on encrypted data, keeping the data private, while ZKP ensures the correctness of these calculations without revealing the underlying data. Our proposed system, HavenSL, combines HE and ZKP to provide strong protection against attacks. It uses Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to analyze model updates in the frequency domain to detect unusual changes in parameters. HavenSL also has a rollback feature that brings the system back to a verified state if harmful changes are detected. Experiments on CIFAR-10, MNIST, and Fashion-MNIST datasets show that using Homomorphic Encryption and Zero-Knowledge Proofs during training is feasible and accuracy is maintained. This mathematical-based approach shows how crypto-graphic can protect decentralized learning systems. It also proves the practical use of HE and ZKP in secure, privacy-aware collaborative AI.
Dissipation by surface states in superconducting RF cavities
Creators: name: Deyo, Sean
name: Kelley, Michelle
name: Sitaraman, Nathan
name: Oseroff, Thomas
name: Liarte, Danilo B.
name: Arias, Tomas
name: Liepe, Matthias
name: Sethna, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments on superconducting cavities have found that under large radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields the quality factor can improve with increasing field amplitude, a so-called "anti-Q slope." Linear theories of dissipation break down under these extreme conditions and are unable to explain this behavior. We numerically solve the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations at the surface of a superconductor in a parallel AC magnetic field, finding that at large fields there are quasiparticle surface states with energies below the bulk value of the superconducting gap. As the field oscillates, such states emerge and disappear with every cycle. We consider the dissipation resulting from inelastic quasiparticle-phonon scattering into these states and investigate the ability of this mechanism to explain features of the experimental observations, including the field dependence of the quality factor. We find that this mechanism is likely not the dominant source of dissipation and does not produce an anti-Q slope by itself; however, we demonstrate in a modified two-fluid model how these bound states can play a role in producing an anti-Q slope.
Survey on Federated Learning Threats: concepts, taxonomy on attacks and defences, experimental study and challenges
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Barroso, Nuria
name: López, Daniel Jiménez
name: Luzón, M. Victoria
name: Herrera, Francisco
name: Martínez-Cámara, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning is a machine learning paradigm that emerges as a solution to the privacy-preservation demands in artificial intelligence. As machine learning, federated learning is threatened by adversarial attacks against the integrity of the learning model and the privacy of data via a distributed approach to tackle local and global learning. This weak point is exacerbated by the inaccessibility of data in federated learning, which makes harder the protection against adversarial attacks and evidences the need to furtherance the research on defence methods to make federated learning a real solution for safeguarding data privacy. In this paper, we present an extensive review of the threats of federated learning, as well as as their corresponding countermeasures, attacks versus defences. This survey provides a taxonomy of adversarial attacks and a taxonomy of defence methods that depict a general picture of this vulnerability of federated learning and how to overcome it. Likewise, we expound guidelines for selecting the most adequate defence method according to the category of the adversarial attack. Besides, we carry out an extensive experimental study from which we draw further conclusions about the behaviour of attacks and defences and the guidelines for selecting the most adequate defence method according to the category of the adversarial attack. This study is finished leading to meditated learned lessons and challenges.
The nonlinear field equation of the three-point correlation function of galaxies
Creators: name: Wu, Shu-Guang
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the field theory of density fluctuation under Newtonian gravity, we obtain analytically the nonlinear equation of 3-pt correlation function $ζ$ of galaxies in a homogeneous, isotropic, static universe. The density fluctuations have been kept up to second order. By the Fry-Peebles ansatz and the Groth-Peebles ansatz, the equation of $ζ$ becomes closed and differs from the Gaussian approximate equation. Using the boundary condition inferred from the data of SDSS, we obtain the solution $ζ(r, u, θ)$ at fixed $u=2$, which exhibits a shallow $U$-shape along the angle $θ$ and, nevertheless, decreases monotonously along the radial $r$. We show its difference with the Gaussian solution. As a direct criterion of non-Gaussianity, the reduced $Q(r, u, θ)$ deviates from the Gaussianity plane $Q=1$, exhibits a deeper $U$-shape along $θ$ and varies weakly along $r$, agreeing with the observed data.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of A quantitative cross-sectional study assessing the surgical trainee perception of the operating room educational environment
Creators: name: Rupani, Neal
name: Evans, Ashish
name: Iqbal, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. OREEM Questionnaire.
Scaling relations of convective granulation noise across the HR diagram from 3D stellar atmosphere models
Creators: name: Rodríguez Díaz, Luisa Fernanda
name: Bigot, Lionel
name: Aguirre Børsen-Koch, Víctor
name: Lund, Mikkel N.
name: Lysgaard Rørsted, Jakob
name: Kallinger, Thomas
name: Sulis, Sophia
name: Mary, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: convection
stars: atmospheres
Sun: granulation
hydrodynamics

description: Thanks to high precision photometric data from space missions, our understading of stellar granulation has vastly improved, since these observations have shown in great detail the stochastic brightness fluctuations of stars across the HR diagram. These fluctuations need to be quantified to detect and characterize exoplanets accurately. In this poster, I will present new scaling relations between granulation properties, such as the brightness fluctuation and characteristic timescale, with stellar parameters such as the peak frequency \(\nu_{max}\). This was achieved by using long time series of 3D stellar atmosphere models at different metallicities and across the HR diagram, generated with the STAGGER-code. To validate our results, we compared our theoretical granulation properties with the values of a large sample of Kepler stars from the literature, and analyzed selected stars with accurate stellar parameters as well. I will also show that, unlike previous studies, the brightness fluctuations of our 3D models reproduce very well the granulation noise from Kepler targets. Regarding the timescales, I will show that the 3D models reproduce the values obtained with the sample of Kepler stars with accurate stellar parameters, but did not fully reproduce the timescales provided for the larger sample in the literature, which might be due to the use of scaling relations in the determination of stellar parameters. Finally, I will also illustrate the role of metallicity in the granulation properties of our 3D models.
description: {"references": ["Lund M. N. et al., 2017, ApJ, 835, 172", "Kallinger T. et al., 2014, A&A, 570, A41 (K14)"]}
Spectral functions and time evolution from the Chebyshev recursion
Creators: name: Wolf, F. Alexander
name: Justiniano, Jorge A.
name: McCulloch, Ian P.
name: Schollwöck, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We link linear prediction of Chebyshev and Fourier expansions to analytic continuation. We push the resolution in the Chebyshev-based computation of $T=0$ many-body spectral functions to a much higher precision by deriving a modified Chebyshev series expansion that allows to reduce the expansion order by a factor $\sim\frac{1}{6}$. We show that in a certain limit the Chebyshev technique becomes equivalent to computing spectral functions via time evolution and subsequent Fourier transform. This introduces a novel recursive time evolution algorithm that instead of the group operator $e^{-iHt}$ only involves the action of the generator $H$. For quantum impurity problems, we introduce an adapted discretization scheme for the bath spectral function. We discuss the relevance of these results for matrix product state (MPS) based DMRG-type algorithms, and their use within dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). We present strong evidence that the Chebyshev recursion extracts less spectral information from $H$ than time evolution algorithms when fixing a given amount of created entanglement.
description: 12 pages + 6 pages appendix, 11 figures
Dynamic Label Assignment for Object Detection by Combining Predicted IoUs and Anchor IoUs
Creators: name: Zhang, Tianxiao
name: Luo, Bo
name: Sharda, Ajay
name: Wang, Guanghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Label assignment plays a significant role in modern object detection models. Detection models may yield totally different performances with different label assignment strategies. For anchor-based detection models, the IoU (Intersection over Union) threshold between the anchors and their corresponding ground truth bounding boxes is the key element since the positive samples and negative samples are divided by the IoU threshold. Early object detectors simply utilize the fixed threshold for all training samples, while recent detection algorithms focus on adaptive thresholds based on the distribution of the IoUs to the ground truth boxes. In this paper, we introduce a simple while effective approach to perform label assignment dynamically based on the training status with predictions. By introducing the predictions in label assignment, more high-quality samples with higher IoUs to the ground truth objects are selected as the positive samples, which could reduce the discrepancy between the classification scores and the IoU scores, and generate more high-quality boundary boxes. Our approach shows improvements in the performance of the detection models with the adaptive label assignment algorithm and lower bounding box losses for those positive samples, indicating more samples with higher-quality predicted boxes are selected as positives.
A systematic construction of integrable delay-difference and delay-differential analogues of soliton equations
Creators: name: Nakata, Kenta
name: Maruno, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a systematic method for constructing integrable delay-difference and delay-differential analogues of known soliton equations such as the Lotka-Volterra, Toda lattice, and sine-Gordon equations and their multi-soliton solutions. It is carried out by applying a reduction and delay-differential limit to the discrete KP or discrete two-dimensional Toda lattice equations. Each of the delay-difference and delay-differential equations has the N-soliton solution, which depends on the delay parameter and converges to an N-soliton solution of a known soliton equation as the delay parameter approaches 0.
description: 15 pages
Additional file 2 of A quantitative cross-sectional study assessing the surgical trainee perception of the operating room educational environment
Creators: name: Rupani, Neal
name: Evans, Ashish
name: Iqbal, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Literature Review Analysis Table.
Phenomenology of a two-component dark matter model
Creators: name: Kim, Yeong Gyun
name: Lee, Kang Young
name: Nam, Soo-hyeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a two-component dark matter model consisting of a Dirac fermion and a complex scalar charged under new U(1) gauge group in the hidden sector. The dark fermion plays the dominant component of dark matter which explains the measured DM relic density of the Universe. It has no direct coupling to ordinary standard model particles, thus evading strong constraints from the direct DM detection experiments. The dark fermion is self-interacting through the light dark gauge boson and it would be possible to address that this model can be a resolution to the small scale structure problem of the Universe. The light dark gauge boson, which interacts with the standard model sector, is also stable and composes the subdominant DM component. We investigate the model parameter space allowed by current experimental constraints and phenomenological bounds. We also discuss the sensitivity of future experiments such as SHiP, DUNE and ILC, for the obtained allowed parameter space.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, journal version
Additional file 3 of A quantitative cross-sectional study assessing the surgical trainee perception of the operating room educational environment
Creators: name: Rupani, Neal
name: Evans, Ashish
name: Iqbal, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table 1. Subgroup Non-parametric Analysis for Differences.
Intrinsic magnetism in superconducting infinite-layer nickelates
Creators: name: Fowlie, Jennifer
name: Hadjimichael, Marios
name: Martins, Maria M.
name: Li, Danfeng
name: Osada, Motoki
name: Wang, Bai Yang
name: Lee, Kyuho
name: Lee, Yonghun
name: Salman, Zaher
name: Prokscha, Thomas
name: Triscone, Jean-Marc
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
name: Suter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of superconductivity in Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$ [1] introduced a new family of layered nickelate superconductors that has now been extended to include a range of Sr-doping [2, 3], Pr or La in place of Nd [4-6], and the 5-layer Nd$_6$Ni$_5$O$_{12}$ [7]. A number of studies indicate that electron correlations are strong in these materials [8-14], and hence a central question is whether or not magnetism is present as a consequence of these interactions. Here we report muon spin rotation/relaxation studies of a series of superconducting infinite-layer nickelates. In all cases we observe an intrinsic magnetic ground state, regardless of the rare earth ion or doping, arising from local moments on the nickel sublattice. The coexistence of magnetism - which is likely to be antiferromagnetic and short-range ordered - with superconductivity is reminiscent of some iron pnictides [15] and heavy fermion compounds [16], and qualitatively distinct from the doped cuprates [17].
$f(T,B)$ gravity in a Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker universe with nonzero spatial curvature
Creators: name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
name: Leon, Genly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83F05, 83D05, 34C60

description: We investigate exact solutions and the asymptotic dynamics for the Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker universe with nonzero spatial curvature in the fourth-order modified teleparallel gravitational theory known as $f\left( T, B\right) $ theory. We show that the field equations admit a minisuperspace description, and they can reproduce any exact form of the scale factor. Moreover, we calculate the equilibrium points and analyze their stability. We show that Milne and Milne-like solutions are supported, and the de Sitter universe is provided. To complete our analysis, we use Poincaré variables to investigate the dynamics at infinity.
description: 18 pages. 4 compound figures
title: Modeling and Measuring Short Text Similarities. On the Multi-Dimensional Differences between German Poetry of Realism and Modernism
Creators: name: Ehrmanntraut, Anton
name: Hagen, Thora
name: Jannidis, Fotis
name: Konle, Leonard
name: Kröncke, Merten
name: Winko, Simone
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on how to operationalize text similarity for the purposes of computational literary studies by defining, justifying theoretically and employing a multi-dimensional text model. Additionally, we evaluate a set of strategies to implement this model for very short texts like poetry using a range of methods from weighted sparse vectors up to very recent neural sentence embeddings based on annotations of emotions, genre and similarity. And finally, we show the relevance of using such a complex text model by applying the best method to a research question about the development of early modernism in German poetry. While we can confirm some important hypotheses from literary studies, we are also able to differentiate or relativize others. In particular, our findings do not support the widely held thesis that the change from realism to modernism was a revolutionary ‘rupture’.
A Simple Guard for Learned Optimizers
Creators: name: Prémont-Schwarz, Isabeau
name: Vítků, Jaroslav
name: Feyereisl, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: If the trend of learned components eventually outperforming their hand-crafted version continues, learned optimizers will eventually outperform hand-crafted optimizers like SGD or Adam. Even if learned optimizers (L2Os) eventually outpace hand-crafted ones in practice however, they are still not provably convergent and might fail out of distribution. These are the questions addressed here. Currently, learned optimizers frequently outperform generic hand-crafted optimizers (such as gradient descent) at the beginning of learning but they generally plateau after some time while the generic algorithms continue to make progress and often overtake the learned algorithm as Aesop's tortoise which overtakes the hare. L2Os also still have a difficult time generalizing out of distribution. Heaton et al. proposed Safeguarded L2O (GL2O) which can take a learned optimizer and safeguard it with a generic learning algorithm so that by conditionally switching between the two, the resulting algorithm is provably convergent. We propose a new class of Safeguarded L2O, called Loss-Guarded L2O (LGL2O), which is both conceptually simpler and computationally less expensive. The guarding mechanism decides solely based on the expected future loss value of both optimizers. Furthermore, we show theoretical proof of LGL2O's convergence guarantee and empirical results comparing to GL2O and other baselines showing that it combines the best of both L2O and SGD and that in practice converges much better than GL2O.
description: 8 pages main article, 19 figures total, 2 pages of references, 7 pages of appendix. ICML 2022. Added Appendix Section H with extra experiments about stability
Additional file 1 of Patterns of use and adverse events reported among persons who regularly inject buprenorphine: a systematic review
Creators: name: Bozinoff, Nikki
name: Tardelli, Vitor Soares
name: Rubin-Kahana, Dafna Sara
name: Le Foll, Bernard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Appendix 1. Search strategy.
Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. I. Ultraviolet Observations of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on Hubble Space Telescope
Creators: name: De Rosa, G.
name: Peterson, B. M.
name: Ely, J.
name: Kriss, G. A.
name: Crenshaw, D. M.
name: Horne, Keith
name: Korista, K. T.
name: Netzer, H.
name: Pogge, R. W.
name: Arevalo, P.
name: Barth, A. J.
name: Bentz, M. C.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Breeveld, A. A.
name: Brewer, B. J.
name: Bonta, E. Dalla
name: De Lorenzo-Caceres, A.
name: Denney, K. D.
name: Dietrich, M.
name: Edelson, R.
name: Evans, P. A.
name: Fausnaugh, M. M.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Gelbord, J. M.
name: Goad, M. R.
name: Grier, C. J.
name: Grupe, D.
name: Hall, P. B.
name: Kaastra, J.
name: Kelly, B. C.
name: Kennea, J. A.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Lira, P.
name: Mathur, S.
name: McHardy, I. M.
name: Nousek, J. A.
name: Pancoast, A.
name: Papadakis, I.
name: Pei, L.
name: Schimoia, J. S.
name: Siegel, M.
name: Starkey, D.
name: Treu, T.
name: Uttley, P.
name: Vaughan, S.
name: Vestergaard, M.
name: Villforth, C.
name: Yan, H.
name: Young, S.
name: Zu, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the first results from a six-month long reverberation-mapping experiment in the ultraviolet based on 170 observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. Significant correlated variability is found in the continuum and broad emission lines, with amplitudes ranging from ~30% to a factor of two in the emission lines and a factor of three in the continuum. The variations of all the strong emission lines lag behind those of the continuum, with He II 1640 lagging behind the continuum by ~2.5 days and Lyman alpha 1215, C IV 1550, and Si IV 1400 lagging by ~5-6 days. The relationship between the continuum and emission lines is complex. In particular, during the second half of the campaign, all emission-line lags increased by a factor of 1.3-2 and differences appear in the detailed structure of the continuum and emission-line light curves. Velocity-resolved cross-correlation analysis shows coherent structure in lag versus line-of-sight velocity for the emission lines; the high-velocity wings of C IV respond to continuum variations more rapidly than the line core, probably indicating higher velocity BLR clouds at smaller distances from the central engine. The velocity-dependent response of Lyman alpha, however, is more complex and will require further analysis.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 20 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. See also STORM Paper II "Space telescope and optical reverberation mapping project. II. Reverberation mapping of the accretion disk with SWIFT and HST" by R. Edelson et al
title: A Holistic Framework for Developing Expert Systems to Improve Energy Efficiency in Manufacturing
Creators: name: Ioshchikhes, Borys
name: Zink, Robin
name: Ozen, Oskay
name: Weigold, Matthias
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description: Amid growing environmental and societal concerns about energy use, companies face increasing pressure to adopt sustainable manufacturing practices. The European Union’s guiding principles, aimed in part at achieving climate neutrality and fostering green growth, underscore the need for systematic, data-driven approaches to energy efficiency. This involves the measurement, monitoring, and analysis of energy data. However, identifying efficiency potentials often relies on expert knowledge, which is becoming increasingly scarce due to skilled labor shortages. Expert systems offer a solution by consolidating and analyzing data to automatically identify energy-saving opportunities. These systems leverage stored expertise, applying it to measurement data to generate actionable insights, while their explicit knowledge representation and transparent reasoning facilitate knowledge transfer. Despite their potential, most expert systems are developed intuitively and tailored to specific applications, limiting their broader adoption. To address this, we propose a holistic framework for systematic expert system development, supported by defined personas and an expert system shell serving as a software template. The framework is demonstrated and evaluated through its application in a metalworking process chain.
Ansprache an den Kongreß der Ordensleute (vgl. Berichtigung des Textes auf Seite 339)
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 5 Nr. 4/5 (1950): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 5, Heft 4/5
On Stability and Convergence of a Three-layer Semi-discrete Scheme for an Abstract Analogue of the Ball Integro-differential Equation
Creators: name: Rogava, Jemal
name: Tsiklauri, Mikheil
name: Vashakidze, Zurab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.1.0; G.1.2; G.1.3; G.1.4; G.1.5; G.1.7; G.1.8; G.1.9
subject: 46N40, 65J08, 65M06, 65M12, 65M22, 74H15, 74K10

description: We consider the Cauchy problem for a second-order nonlinear evolution equation in a Hilbert space. This equation represents the abstract generalization of the Ball integro-differential equation. The general nonlinear case with respect to terms of the equation which include a square of a norm of a gradient is considered. A three-layer semi-discrete scheme is proposed in order to find an approximate solution. In this scheme, the approximation of nonlinear terms that are dependent on the gradient is carried out by using an integral mean. We show that the solution of the nonlinear discrete problem and its corresponding difference analogue of a first-order derivative is uniformly bounded. For the solution of the corresponding linear discrete problem, it is obtained high-order a priori estimates by using two-variable Chebyshev polynomials. Based on these estimates we prove the stability of the nonlinear discrete problem. For smooth solutions, we provide error estimates for the approximate solution. An iteration method is applied in order to find an approximate solution for each temporal step. The convergence of the iteration process is proved.
description: 24 pages
Alphabet of one-loop Feynman integrals
Creators: name: Chen, Jiaqi
name: Ma, Chichuan
name: Yang, Li Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the universal structure of the alphabet of one-loop Feynman integrals. The letters in the alphabet are calculated using the Baikov representation with cuts. We consider both convergent and divergent cut integrals and observe that letters in the divergent cases can be easily obtained from convergent cases by applying certain limits. The letters are written as simple expressions in terms of various Gram determinants. The knowledge of the alphabet enables us to easily construct the canonical differential equations of the $ d\log $ form and aids in bootstrapping the symbols of the solutions.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures; v3: published version in Chinese physics C
Could a plasma in quasi-thermal equilibrium be associated to the "orphan" TeV flares ?
Creators: name: Fraija, Nissim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TeV $γ$-ray detections in flaring states without activity in X-rays from blazars have attracted much attention due to the irregularity of these "orphan" flares. Although the synchrotron self-Compton model has been very successful in explaining the spectral energy distribution and spectral variability of these sources, it has not been able to describe these atypical flaring events. On the other hand, an electron-positron pair plasma at the base of the AGN jet was proposed as the mechanism of bulk acceleration of relativistic outflows. This plasma in quasi-themal equilibrium called Wein fireball emits radiation at MeV-peak energies serving as target of accelerated protons. In this work we describe the "orphan" TeV flares presented in blazars 1ES 1959+650 and Mrk421 assuming geometrical considerations in the jet and evoking the interactions of Fermi-accelerated protons and MeV-peak target photons coming from the Wein fireball. After describing successfully these "orphan" TeV flares, we correlate the TeV $γ$-ray, neutrino and UHECR fluxes through p$γ$ interactions and calculate the number of high-energy neutrinos and UHECRs expected in IceCube/AMANDA and TA experiment, respectively. In addition, thermal MeV neutrinos produced mainly through electron-positron annihilation at the Wein fireball will be able to propagate through it. By considering two- (solar, atmospheric and accelerator parameters) and three-neutrino mixing, we study the resonant oscillations and estimate the neutrino flavor ratios as well as the number of thermal neutrinos expected on Earth.
description: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics (31 pages, 14 figures)