cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A degeneracy bound for homogeneous topological order
Creators: name: Haah, Jeongwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a notion of homogeneous topological order, which is obeyed by most, if not all, known examples of topological order including fracton phases on quantum spins (qudits). The notion is a condition on the ground state subspace, rather than on the Hamiltonian, and demands that given a collection of ball-like regions, any linear transformation on the ground space be realized by an operator that avoids the ball-like regions. We derive a bound on the ground state degeneracy $\mathcal D$ for systems with homogeneous topological order on an arbitrary closed Riemannian manifold of dimension $d$, which reads \[ \log \mathcal D \le c μ(L/a)^{d-2}.\] Here, $L$ is the diameter of the system, $a$ is the lattice spacing, and $c$ is a constant that only depends on the isometry class of the manifold, and $μ$ is a constant that only depends on the density of degrees of freedom. If $d=2$, the constant $c$ is the (demi)genus of the space manifold. This bound is saturated up to constants by known examples.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures (v2) clarified the main theorem for d=2, added some detail for Pauli stabilizer models, (v3) minor corrections
Οι εναλλακτικές μορφές απασχόλησης στην Τοπική Αυτοδιοίκηση. Ο χαρακτήρας και η αποτελεσματικότητα στην διοίκηση : το παράδειγμα του Δήμου Τρίπολης και του Δήμου Οιχαλίας
Creators: name: Γυπατίδης, Σοφιανός
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πελοποννήσου
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Τοπική Αυτοδιοίκηση -- Ελλάδα
subject: Τοπική Aυτοδιοίκηση -- Ελλάδα -- Δήμος Τρίπολης
subject: Τοπική Aυτοδιοίκηση -- Ελλάδα -- Δήμος Οιχαλίας
subject: Δημόσια διοίκηση -- Ελλάδα
subject: Οργανισμοί Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης
subject: Τοπική Αυτοδιοίκηση
subject: Οργανισμοί Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης
subject: Δημόσια διοίκηση
subject: Απασχόληση
subject: Local Government
subject: Greek Local Authorities
subject: Public administration
subject: Employment

description: Αρ. Εισ.: 110 cd
description: Οι Οργανισμοί Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης αποτελούν Νομικά Πρόσωπα Δημοσίου Δικαίου με τις αρμοδιότητές τους να σχετίζονται με την διοίκηση των τοπικών υποθέσεων – ζητημάτων που έχουν να κάνουν με την εύρυθμη λειτουργία των τοπικών κοινωνιών την ανάπτυξη και την πρόοδο των οποίων επιδιώκουν δια των ενεργειών τους ως αυτές εκπροσωπούνται από τα αιρετά εκλεγέντα πρόσωπα. Μπορεί οι Ο.Τ.Α. να εμφανίζονται ως ανεξάρτητοι φορείς από την Κεντρική Διοίκηση πλην όμως έως και σήμερα δεν έχει επιτευχθεί η πλήρης ανεξαρτητοποίησή των από την κεντρική πολιτική σκηνή γεγονός που είναι εμφανές σε κάθε εκλογική περίοδο με αιρετούς στηριζόμενους από μεγάλες πολιτικές παρατάξεις. Άλλωστε από την στιγμή που υπάρχει αυτή η σχέση αλληλεξάρτησης και αλληλεπίδρασης της κεντρικής με την τοπική πολιτική σκηνή είναι εμφανές ότι χρειάζονται γενναία βήματα και προσπάθειες απαγκίστρωσης του α και β βαθμού τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης. Για την υλοποίηση του σκοπού τους, οι ΟΤΑ απασχολούν μόνιμο και εποχιακό προσωπικό με το πρώτο κατά γενικό κανόνα καλύπτει τις πάγιες και διαρκείς ανάγκες των ΟΤΑ προκειμένου να υλοποιείται ο σκοπός αυτών και το δεύτερο, το εποχιακό προσωπικό, να καλύπτει τις πρόσκαιρες – παροδικές και εποχικές ανάγκες αυτών. Η πολιτεία εφαρμόζει ενιαίες διατάξεις για την απασχόληση προσωπικού στο δημόσιο τομέα και στη τοπική αυτοδιοίκηση και τα νομικά πρόσωπα της αυτοδιοίκησης. Είναι, όμως διαφορετικές οι ανάγκες της τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης, με αποτέλεσμα οι μορφές απασχόλησης να διαφέρουν, λόγω των δραστηριοτήτων τους. Τούτο, έχει ως συνέπεια, οι οργανισμοί τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης, να εφαρμόζουν για την πραγματοποίηση του προγράμματός τους, σε μεγαλύτερο βαθμό εναλλακτικές μορφές απασχόλησης. Προκύπτει συνεπώς το ερώτημα, εάν ο τρόπος αυτός απασχόλησης βοηθά στην εκπλήρωση του επιδιωκόμενου σκοπού των ΟΤΑ και την επίτευξη των σκοπών των ή η μόνιμη απασχόληση, εφόσον βέβαια αυτή ήταν εφικτή, θα βοηθούσε ουσιαστικότερα τους ΟΤΑ να επιτύχουν τους στόχους που θέτουν με το πρόγραμμα δράσης τους.
title: Introduction
Creators: name: Balz, Verena
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: Since the 1980s, planning approaches in European regions shifted as a result of increasing attention to spatial patterns of interaction and movement on regional levels of scale, and alongside “a relative decline of the role of the state, a growing involvement of nongovernmental actors in a range of state functions, the emergence of new forms of multi-agency partnerships and more flexible forms of networking at various spatial scales” (Davoudi, 2008, p.63). Upcoming approaches, often called spatial planning, moved attention from the planning of predefined, contained territories to the planning of spatial networks, stretching across multiple and multi-scalar administrative boundaries. Planning that relied on generally applicable rationalities, statutory planning frameworks and authoritative planning power was challenged by planning that relied on an understanding of the specificities of regions, political consent on their desirable futures and the dedication of actors to these visions (Albrechts et al., 2003, Allmendinger and Haughton, 2010, Healey, 2006, Nadin, 2007, Needham, 1988, Schön, 2005). New approaches typically involved coalitions of plan actors from multiple tiers and levels of government as well as market and civil actors. Packaging their interests in shared visions became a way to operationalize planning. Collaboration in decision-making was used to simultaneously legitimize it. In an ‘institutional void’ (Hajer, 2003, p.175) - in near absence of generally accepted and formally approved regional planning guidance - the inclusion of many in decision-making - good governance - became a normative goal of planning in itself (Innes and Booher, 2003, Mayntz, 2004).
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No 6 (2019): Regional Design | Discretionary Approaches to Planning in the Netherlands
Aspects of quantum information in finite density field theory
Creators: name: Daguerre, Lucas
name: Medina, Raimel
name: Solis, Mario
name: Torroba, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study different aspects of quantum field theory at finite density using methods from quantum information theory. For simplicity we focus on massive Dirac fermions with nonzero chemical potential, and work in $1+1$ space-time dimensions. Using the entanglement entropy on an interval, we construct an entropic $c$-function that is finite. Unlike what happens in Lorentz-invariant theories, this $c$-function exhibits a strong violation of monotonicity; it also encodes the creation of long-range entanglement from the Fermi surface. Motivated by previous works on lattice models, we next calculate numerically the Renyi entropies and find Friedel-type oscillations; these are understood in terms of a defect operator product expansion. Furthermore, we consider the mutual information as a measure of correlation functions between different regions. Using a long-distance expansion previously developed by Cardy, we argue that the mutual information detects Fermi surface correlations already at leading order in the expansion. We also analyze the relative entropy and its Renyi generalizations in order to distinguish states with different charge and/or mass. In particular, we show that states in different superselection sectors give rise to a super-extensive behavior in the relative entropy. Finally, we discuss possible extensions to interacting theories, and argue for the relevance of some of these measures for probing non-Fermi liquids.
Neutrino emission rates in highly magnetized neutron stars revisited
Creators: name: Riquelme, Mario
name: Reisenegger, Andreas
name: Espinosa, Olivier
name: Dib, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetars are a subclass of neutron stars whose intense soft-gamma-ray bursts and quiescent X-ray emission are believed to be powered by the decay of a strong internal magnetic field. We reanalyze neutrino emission in such stars in the plausibly relevant regime in which the Landau band spacing of both protons and electrons is much larger than kT (where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature), but still much smaller than the Fermi energies. Focusing on the direct Urca process, we find that the emissivity oscillates as a function of density or magnetic field, peaking when the Fermi level of the protons or electrons lies about 3kT above the bottom of any of their Landau bands. The oscillation amplitude is comparable to the average emissivity when the Landau band spacing mentioned above is roughly the geometric mean of kT and the Fermi energy (excluding mass), i. e., at fields much weaker than required to confine all particles to the lowest Landau band. Since the density and magnetic field strength vary continuously inside the neutron star, there will be alternating surfaces of high and low emissivity. Globally, these oscillations tend to average out, making it unclear whether there will be any observable effects.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Transcription of file 021_B (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-190317-13: transcription of file 021_B from LA 256 (collection of recordings given to the Berkeley Language Center by Verdena), from 13:53 to 16:07. Due to re-numbering, tape 021_B has been assigned to the CLA item number LA256.021, audio file LA256.021B.
On the spin-up/spin-down transitions in accreting X-ray binaries
Creators: name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Bozzo, Enrico
name: Stella, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accreting X-Ray Binaries display a wide range of behaviours. Some of them are observed to spin up steadily, others to alternate between spin-up and spin-down states, sometimes superimposed on a longer trend of either spin up or spin down. Here we interpret this rich phenomenology within a new model of the disk-magnetosphere interaction. Our model, based on the simplest version of a purely material torque, accounts for the fact that, when a neutron star is in the propeller regime, a fraction of the ejected material does not receive enough energy to completely unbind, and hence falls back into the disk. We show that the presence of this feedback mass component causes the occurrence of multiple states available to the system, for a given, constant value of the mass accretion rate dot{M}_* from the companion star. If the angle chi of the magnetic dipole axis with respect to the perpendicular to the disk is larger than a critical value chi_crit, the system eventually settles in a cycle of spin-up/spin-down transitions for a constant value of dot{M}_* and independent of the initial conditions. No external perturbations are required to induce the torque reversals. The transition from spin up to spin down is often accompanied by a large drop in luminosity. The frequency range spanned in each cycle and the timescale for torque reversals depend on dot{M}_*, the magnetic field of the star, the magnetic colatitude chi, and the degree of elasticity regulating the magnetosphere-disk interaction. The critical angle chi_crit ranges from \~25-30 deg for a completely elastic interaction to ~40-45 deg for a totally anelastic one. For chi ~< chi_crit, cycles are no longer possible and the long-term evolution of the system is a pure spin up. We specifically illustrate our model in the cases of the X-ray binaries GX 1+4 and 4U 1626-67.
description: 37 pages, 11 figures, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Random Matrix Theory of the Isospectral twirling
Creators: name: Oliviero, Salvatore F. E.
name: Leone, Lorenzo
name: Caravelli, Francesco
name: Hamma, Alioscia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic construction of probes into the dynamics of isospectral ensembles of Hamiltonians by the notion of Isospectral twirling, expanding the scopes and methods of ref.[1]. The relevant ensembles of Hamiltonians are those defined by salient spectral probability distributions. The Gaussian Unitary Ensembles (GUE) describes a class of quantum chaotic Hamiltonians, while spectra corresponding to the Poisson and Gaussian Diagonal Ensemble (GDE) describe non chaotic, integrable dynamics. We compute the Isospectral twirling of several classes of important quantities in the analysis of quantum many-body systems: Frame potentials, Loschmidt Echos, OTOCs, Entanglement, Tripartite mutual information, coherence, distance to equilibrium states, work in quantum batteries and extension to CP-maps. Moreover, we perform averages in these ensembles by random matrix theory and show how these quantities clearly separate chaotic quantum dynamics from non chaotic ones.
description: Submission to SciPost
A Transactional Analysis of Interaction Free Measurements
Creators: name: Cramer, John G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics is applied to the "interaction-free" measurement scenario of Elitzur and Vaidman and to the Quantum Zeno Effect version of the measurement scenario by Kwiat, et al. It is shown that the non-classical information provided by the measurement scheme is supplied by the probing of the intervening object by incomplete offer and confirmation waves that do not form complete transactions or lead to real interactions.
description: Accepted for publication in Foundations of Physics Letters
Zero-Temperature Properties of the Quantum Dimer Model on the Triangular Lattice
Creators: name: Ralko, Arnaud
name: Ferrero, Michel
name: Becca, Federico
name: Ivanov, Dmitri
name: Mila, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using exact diagonalizations and Green's function Monte Carlo simulations, we have studied the zero-temperature properties of the quantum dimer model on the triangular lattice on clusters with up to 588 sites. A detailed comparison of the properties in different topological sectors as a function of the cluster size and for different cluster shapes has allowed us to identify different phases, to show explicitly the presence of topological degeneracy in a phase close to the Rokhsar-Kivelson point, and to understand finite-size effects inside this phase. The nature of the various phases has been further investigated by calculating dimer-dimer correlation functions. The present results confirm and complement the phase diagram proposed by Moessner and Sondhi on the basis of finite-temperature simulations [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 86}, 1881 (2001)].
description: 10 pages, 16 figures
Baryon-meson interactions in chiral quark model
Creators: name: Huang, F.
name: Zhang, Z. Y.
name: Yu, Y. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the resonating group method (RGM), we dynamically study the baryon-meson interactions in chiral quark model. Some interesting results are obtained: (1) The Sigma K state has an attractive interaction, which consequently results in a Sigma K quasibound state. When the channel coupling of Sigma K and Lambda K is considered, a sharp resonance appears between the thresholds of these two channels. (2) The interaction of Delta K state with isospin I=1 is attractive, which can make for a Delta K quasibound state. (3) When the coupling to the Lambda K* channel is considered, the N phi is found to be a quasibound state in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model with several MeV binding energy. (4) The calculated S-, P-, D-, and F-wave KN phase shifts achieve a considerable improvement in not only the signs but also the magnitudes in comparison with other's previous quark model study.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Talk given at 3rd Asia Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (APFB05), Korat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 26-30 Jul 2005
Lienemann-Perrin, Christina (hrsg.): Taufe und Kirchenzugehörigkeit
Creators: name: Klaiber, Walter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 33 Nr. 4 (1984): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 33, Heft 4
Matter content in AGN jets: constraint from cocoon dynamics?
Creators: name: Kino, M.
name: Kawakatu, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The matter content of jets in active galactic nuclei is examined in a new way. We model the dynamical expansion of its cocoon embedded in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). By comparing the observed shape of the cocoon with that expected from the theoretical model, we estimate the total pressure ($P_{\rm c}$) and electron temperature ($T_{e}$) of the cocoon. The number density of the total electrons ($n_{e^{-}}$) is constrained by using the non-thermal spectrum of the hot spot and the analysis of the momentum balance between the jet thrust and the rum pressure of ICM. Together with the obtained $P_{\rm c}$, $T_{e}$ and $n_{e^{-}}$, we constrain the matter content in the jets. We find that, in the case of Cygnus A, the ratio of number density of protons to that of electrons is of order of $10^{-3}$ . This implies the existence of a large number of positron in the jet.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of "Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation", Torun, 20-24 June 2005
Two-loop helicity amplitudes for $gg \to ZZ$ with full top-quark mass effects
Creators: name: Agarwal, Bakul
name: Jones, Stephen P.
name: von Manteuffel, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the two-loop QCD corrections to $gg \to ZZ$ involving a closed top-quark loop. We present a new method to systematically construct linear combinations of Feynman integrals with a convergent parametric representation, where we also allow for irreducible numerators, higher powers of propagators, dimensionally shifted integrals, and subsector integrals. The amplitude is expressed in terms of such finite integrals by employing syzygies derived with linear algebra and finite field techniques. Evaluating the amplitude using numerical integration, we find agreement with previous expansions in asymptotic limits and provide ab initio results also for intermediate partonic energies and non-central scattering at higher energies.
description: 40 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables, 2 algorithms, and 2 ancillary files; v2: added comparisons with Pade approximations, added discussion of subtraction scheme dependence, fixed conventions of results and issues in presentation of numerical checks
Renormalization Group and Grand Unification with 331 Models
Creators: name: Diaz, Rodolfo A.
name: Gallego, D.
name: Martinez, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By making a renormalization group analysis we explore the possibility of having a 331 model as the only intermediate gauge group between the standard model and the scale of unification of the three coupling constants. We shall assume that there is no necessarily a group of grand unification at the scale of convergence of the couplings. With this scenario, different 331 models and their corresponding supersymmetric versions are considered, and we find the versions that allow the symmetry breaking described above. Besides, the allowed interval for the 331 symmetry breaking scale, and the behavior of the running coupling constants are obtained. It worths saying that some of the supersymmetric scenarios could be natural frameworks for split supersymmetry. Finally, we look for possible 331 models with a simple group at the grand unification scale, that could fit the symmetry breaking scheme described above.
description: 18 pages. 3 figures. Some results reinterpreted, a new section and references added. Version to appear in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Technical Efficiency of Italian Beef Cattle Production Under a Heteroscedastic Non-Neutral Production Frontier Approach
Creators: name: Trestini, Samuele
name: Trestini, Samuele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: technical efficiency
subject: stochastic frontier
subject: beef cattle

description: A stochastic production frontier has been estimated to measure the technical efficiency of an unbalanced panel of beef cattle farms extracted from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) databank of Veneto region in Italy. The technical efficiency is measured based on the estimation of a non-neutral and heteroscedastic production frontier. The model explains the average value of technical inefficiency as a linear function of the farm-specific variables (Battese and Coelli, 1995) and the input interaction variables (Huang and Liu, 1994). The inefficiency term is assumed to be distributed as a truncated normal with a heteroscedastic variance explained as a function of the farm-specific variables (Reifschneider and Stevenson, 1991). The average value of the farm technical efficiency is 78.6% ranging from a minimum of 30.6% to a maximum of 97.6%. The technical efficiency is positively related with the herd extension expressed as number of LSU (Livestock Unit), the value of beef production per LSU, the rate of purchased concentrated feed, and the percentage of concentrated feed used over the overall feed expenditure. Conversely the technical efficiency is negatively correlated with the intensification of the use of buildings investment and labour per LSU.
Food and Health: A European Perspective
Creators: name: Venturini, Luciano
name: Venturini, Luciano
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: This paper addresses four issues which arise from increasing concerns about overweight and obesity in European countries. First, we explore the main stylized facts of the phenomenon. We show that although Europeans are not obese like Americans, there is robust evidence that adult and childhood obesity rates tend to increase substantially in many European countries. The second part of the paper surveys the recent theoretical literature on the economics of obesity. In particular, we focus on the debate about the merits and limits of public policies in this area. This paper presents an alternative perspective from that suggested by the rational-choice approach according to which government intervention is not necessary. We emphasize the potential positive role of well-designed public policies by emphasizing that in a world with less than perfect information, externalities, self-control problems, endogenous preferences and social inequalities, the equivalence between individual choice and individual as well as social welfare is weakened. We suggest that the right framework for thinking about public policy in this area is a multi-factor and multi-stakeholder approach. This approach casts some doubt on the notion of a strict link between determinants of weight gain and the choice of policy tools to tackle the phenomenon. We argue that just the multi-factor nature of the obesity phenomenon allows to identify several instruments and policy tools. Several non-food policies targeted to different purposes such as environmental issues, social cohesion, and urban planning can also have useful consequences in mitigating weight gain. Thirdly, we explore the determinants of European obesity patterns. In particular, we examine the relevance for Europe of the food consumption hypothesis recently developed by Cutler, Glaeser and Shapiro according to which technological change easing access to food plays a key role as a determinant of weight gain. It is argued that this hypothesis can provide a plausible explanation for overweight and obesity patterns in Europe, although we also find that in some countries there is evidence of weight gains in the absence of significant increases in food calorie intake. Finally, the paper proceeds to examine current policies in Europe at both national and European Union level and the implications of the findings for addressing more effective policies.
Narration of Reel #6 (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio files VP-190317-09 and VP-190317-10; video files VP-190317-09-1, VP-190317-09-2, VP-190317-10-1, VP-190317-10-2: Verdena narrates Reel #6 from the LA 256 collection at SCOIL (one of six reels of 8mm film created by Verdena in the 1960s, featuring scenes of everyday life around Hoopa Valley as well as Brush Dances). Narrated in English (VP-190317-09) and then in Hupa (VP-190317-10). Due to re-numbering, Reel #6 has been assigned the CLA item number LA256.045.
Demographics of Household Attitudes towards Food Defense
Creators: name: Dettmann, Rachael L.
name: Stinson, Thomas F.
name: Dettmann, Rachael L.
name: Stinson, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Literature examining demographics of consumers most concerned about acts of agro terrorism or terrorism in general is limited due to inadequate data. A first effort to fill this information gap was made possible by a 2005 survey conducted by the University of Minnesota. The “National Survey of Attitudes of U.S. Residents about Terrorism.” surveyed 4,260 Americans. Results showed 31 percent of respondents were not confident their food supply was secure from acts of terrorism, while 77 percent felt an act of food terrorism would occur in their lifetime. This paper is divided into three sections of analysis. First, the demographics of surveyed respondents who believe an agro terrorist attack will occur within the next four years are reported. Second, the level of concern respondents have regarding how secure the food supply is from terrorist attacks is incorporated. Lastly, the impact additional information has on how respondents allocate money towards food defense is explored. Specifically, we investigate whether the size of respondent’s communities and their general attitude towards the safety of the food supply has any impact on their level of concern towards the security of their food supply. Other demographics analyzed include gender, education level, race and primary source of news information. Binary logistic models are used in all stages of analysis. Initial findings suggest demographics have little impact on who is most likely to believe an agro terrorist event will occur in the next four years, while regional market size, education, race and age were the demographics of those most concerned about acts of agro terrorism. The final stage of analysis reported females and well educated individuals were most likely to allocate more money towards protecting the food supply from acts of agro terrorism when additional information was provided.
Polar swimmers induce several phases in active nematics
Creators: name: Sampat, Pranay Bimal
name: Mishra, Shradha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Swimming bacteria in passive nematics in the form of lyotropic liquid crystals are defined as a new class of active matter known as living liquid crystals in recent studies. It has also been shown that liquid crystal solutions are promising candidates for trapping and detecting bacteria. We ask the question, can a similar class of matter be designed for background nematics which are also active? Hence, we developed a minimal model for the mixture of polar particles in active nematics. It is found that the active nematics in such a mixture are highly sensitive to the presence of polar particles, and show the formation of large scale higher order structures for a relatively low polar particle density. Upon increasing the density of polar particles, different phases of active nematics are found and it is observed that the system shows two phase transitions. The first phase transition is a first order transition from quasi-long ranged ordered active nematics to disordered active nematics with larger scale structures. On further increasing density of polar particles, the system transitions to a third phase, where polar particles form large, mutually aligned clusters. These clusters sweep the whole system and enforce local order in the nematics. The current study can be helpful for detecting the presence of very low densities of polar swimmers in active nematics and can be used to design and control different structures in active nematics.
Exchange Rates, Foreign Income, and U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Shane, Mathew
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Shane, Mathew
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Exchange rates
subject: U.S. agricultural trade
subject: U.S. agricultural commodity exports
subject: U.S. agricultural export prices
subject: foreign income

description: This paper focuses on estimating the effects of trade partner income and real trade-weighted exchange rates on US agricultural exports. For the period 1970-2003, a one percent annual increase in trade partners’ income is found to increase total agricultural exports by about 1.6 percent while a one percent appreciation of the dollar relative to trade partner trade-weighted currencies decreases total agricultural exports by about 0.8 percent. We find these effects also carry over to 12 commodity subcategories, although the effects are conditioned by differences between bulk and high value commodities, and differences in the export demand from high compared to low income countries. We also find that the negative effect of exchange rate appreciation on exports often dominates the positive effect from income growth.
title: A Medium of Transatlanticism
title: Newspapers in the Weimar Era
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wipplinger, Jonathan O.
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 800 Literature (Belles-lettres) and rhetoric
subject: 810 American literature in English
subject: 830 German literature and literatures of related languages

description: Zeitungen und Printmedien stellen ein grundlegendes, aber häufig unterrepräsentiertes Medium für die Erforschung transatlantischer Kulturtransfers dar. Die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Titel ermöglicht Wissenschaftler*innen einen nie dagewesenen Zugang zu diesen Ressourcen. Vor dem Hintergrund solcher Online-Tools und den neueren Forschungen zur deutschen Presse untersucht dieser Beitrag, wie Zeitungen in die wichtigen transatlantischen Makrotrends der Weimarer Republik verwoben waren. Dafür werden ausgewählte Fallstudien angeführt, die den Wert des Mediums für die historische, kulturelle und literarische Analyse aufzeigen.
description: Newspapers and print media constitute an essential, but often underutilized medium for exploring transatlantic exchange. With increasing numbers of titles digitized, newspapers are now accessible to scholars in unprecedented ways. In light of new online tools and advances in research surrounding the German press, this entry looks at how newspapers were interwoven with key macrotrends of transatlanticism during the Weimar Republic and examines select case studies to reveal the medium’s value for historical, cultural, and literary analysis.
Determination of target thickness and luminosity from beam energy losses
Creators: name: Stein, H. J.
name: Hartmann, M.
name: Keshelashvili, I.
name: Maeda, Y.
name: Wilkin, C.
name: Dymov, S.
name: Kacharava, A.
name: Khoukaz, A.
name: Lorentz, B.
name: Maier, R.
name: Mersmann, T.
name: Mikirtychiants, S.
name: Prasuhn, D.
name: Stassen, R.
name: Stockhorst, H.
name: Ströher, H.
name: Valdau, Yu.
name: Wüstner, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The repeated passage of a coasting ion beam of a storage ring through a thin target induces a shift in the revolution frequency due to the energy loss in the target. Since the frequency shift is proportional to the beam-target overlap, its measurement offers the possibility of determining the target thickness and hence the corresponding luminosity in an experiment. This effect has been investigated with an internal proton beam of energy 2.65 GeV at the COSY-Jülich accelerator using the ANKE spectrometer and a hydrogen cluster-jet target. Possible sources of error, especially those arising from the influence of residual gas in the ring, were carefully studied, resulting in a accuracy of better than 5%. The luminosity determined in this way was used, in conjunction with measurements in the ANKE forward detector, to determine the cross section for elastic proton-proton scattering. The result is compared to published data as well as to the predictions of a phase shift solution. The practicability and the limitations of the energy-loss method are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Fat tails arise endogenously in asset prices from supply/demand, with or without jump processes
Creators: name: Caginalp, Gunduz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We show that the quotient of Levy processes of jump-diffusion type has a fat-tailed distribution. An application is to price theory in economics. We show that fat tails arise endogenously from modeling of price change based on an excess demand analysis resulting in a quotient of arbitrarily correlated demand and supply whether or not jump discontinuities are present. The assumption is that supply and demand are described by drift terms, Brownian (i.e., Gaussian) and compound Poisson jump processes. If $P^{-1}dP/dt$ (the relative price change in an interval $dt$) is given by a suitable function of relative excess demand, $\left( \mathcal{D}% -\mathcal{S}\right) /\mathcal{S}$ (where $\mathcal{D}$ and $\mathcal{S}$ are demand and supply), then the distribution has tail behavior $F\left( x\right) \sim x^{-ζ}$ for a power $ζ$ that depends on the function $G$ in $P^{-1}dP/dt=G\left( \mathcal{D}/\mathcal{S}\right) $. For $G\left( x\right) \sim\left\vert x\right\vert ^{1/q}$ one has $ζ=q.$ The empirical data for assets typically yields a value, $ζ\tilde{=}3,$ or $\ ζ\in\left[ 3,5\right] $ for some markets. The discrepancy between the empirical result and theory never arises if one models price dynamics using basic economics methodology, i.e., generalized Walrasian adjustment, rather than the usual starting point for classical finance which assumes a normal distribution of price changes. The function $G$ is deterministic, and can be calibrated with a smaller data set. The results establish a simple link between the decay exponent of the density function and the price adjustment function, a feature that can improve methodology for risk assessment. The mathematical results can be applied to other problems involving the relative difference or quotient of Levy processes of jump-diffusion type.
Asymmetric inflation: exact solutions
Creators: name: Buniy, Roman V.
name: Berera, Arjun
name: Kephart, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide exact solutions to the Einstein equations when the Universe contains vacuum energy plus a uniform arrangements of magnetic fields, strings, or domain walls. Such a universe has planar symmetry, i. e., it is homogeneous but, not isotropic. Further exact solutions are obtained when dust is included and approximate solutions are found for $w\not=0$ matter. These cosmologies also have planar symmetry. These results may eventually be used to explain some features in the WMAP data. The magnetic field case is the easiest to motivate and has the highest possibility of yielding reliable constraints on observational cosmology.
description: 42 pages, 24 figures, 3 tables
Do economic effects of the anti-COVID-19 lockdowns in different regions interact through supply chains?
Creators: name: Inoue, Hiroyasu
name: Murase, Yohsuke
name: Todo, Yasuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: To prevent the spread of COVID-19, many cities, states, and countries have `locked down', restricting economic activities in non-essential sectors. Such lockdowns have substantially shrunk production in most countries. This study examines how the economic effects of lockdowns in different regions interact through supply chains, a network of firms for production, simulating an agent-based model of production on supply-chain data for 1.6 million firms in Japan. We further investigate how the complex network structure affects the interactions of lockdowns, emphasising the role of upstreamness and loops by decomposing supply-chain flows into potential and circular flow components. We find that a region's upstreamness, intensity of loops, and supplier substitutability in supply chains with other regions largely determine the economic effect of the lockdown in the region. In particular, when a region lifts its lockdown, its economic recovery substantially varies depending on whether it lifts lockdown alone or together with another region closely linked through supply chains. These results propose the need for inter-region policy coordination to reduce the economic loss from lockdowns.
Farm Animal Welfare - Testing for Market Failure
Creators: name: Carlsson, Fredrik
name: Grykblom, Peter
name: Lagerkvist, Carl Johan
name: Carlsson, Fredrik
name: Grykblom, Peter
name: Lagerkvist, Carl Johan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: animal welfare
subject: choice experiments
subject: market failure

description: Many consumers are concerned with animal welfare in the conventional production of farm livestock. This concern can be related both to their own and others’ consumption. In the latter case, there is a negative externality from consumption. We suggest a survey design that enables us to test for a market failure in farm livestock production. Applying this to the question of battery cages in egg production, we cannot show that a market failure exists. The policy can be extended to general discussion of how potential market failures for all kind of farm livestock should be managed.
Two-Mode Theory of BEC Interferometry
Creators: name: Dalton, B J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of BEC interferometry in an unsymmetrical double-well trap has been developed for small boson numbers, based on the two-mode approximation. The bosons are initially in the lowest mode of a single well trap, which is split into a double well and then recombined. Possible fragmentations into separate BEC states in each well during the splitting/recombination process are allowed for. The BEC is treated as a giant spin system, the fragmented states are eigenstates of S^2 and Sz. Self-consistent sets of equations for the amplitudes of the fragmented states and for the two single boson mode functions are obtained. The latter are coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Interferometric effects may be measured via boson numbers in the first excited mode
description: Four figures (7 files)
Factors Affecting Farmers' Participation in Agri-Environmental Measures: Evidence from a Case Study
Creators: name: Defrancesco, Edi
name: Gatto, Paola
name: Runge, C. Ford
name: Trestini, Samuele
name: Defrancesco, Edi
name: Gatto, Paola
name: Runge, C. Ford
name: Trestini, Samuele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: agri-environmental schemes
subject: farmers’ participation
subject: attitudes

description: Starting from the McSharry reform in 1992, environmental conservation and minimization of negative agricultural impacts through adoption of agri-environmental farming practices have gained momentum within the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Agenda 2000 and the recent issuing of Regulation 1698/2005 – with its strong accent on CAP’s second pillar – have further emphasized the need to reduce environmental risks within the context of sustainable and integrated rural development. Nowadays, agrienvironmental measures are the only compulsory measure for Member States in the Rural Development Programs. The result of this shift in CAP objectives is the increased agri-environmental spending in the total EU agricultural budget and the parallel growth in farmland enrolled in agri-environment measures throughout Europe in the last decade. Since the start of the new policy trend, the EU has invested considerable effort in monitoring and evaluating its impacts on the various environmental items and progress has been made. However, less is known so far on the factors inducing farmers’ participation in the agri-environmental programs. This paper aims to explore this field taking the Veneto Region of Italy as a case study. The framework for the analysis is represented by the four main agri-environmental actions in place in the Veneto Region in the period 2000-2006, with their main objectives, eligibility criteria, ranking priorities and budget assigned. Farmers’ behavior has been explained via farm characteristics, farmland structure, as well farmers’ socio-economic profile, attitudes and perceptions towards agri-environmental measures. These variables have been collected in a survey of participating and non-participating farmers. This is crucial information that can affect policy success and therefore needed for further policy design.
Consumers WTP for Wine with Certified Origin: Latent Classes Based on Attitudinal Responses
Creators: name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Thiene, Mara
name: Galletto, Luigi
name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Thiene, Mara
name: Galletto, Luigi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Latent Class Attitudinal model
subject: consumer preferences
subject: organic products
subject: WTP
subject: unobserved heterogeneity

description: This paper investigates preference heterogeneity of wine consumers by using latent class models based on attitudinal questions. Such responses turn out to be an important source of additional information when the goal is to identify different groups of people with a similar wine preference structure. We assume that preferences are latent and the responses to attitudinal questions are the visible effect of this latent heterogeneity. We find evidence of 4 different classes of respondents with similar response patterns. We focus on preferences for a well-known wine, the Prosecco, and sample the population in the area of production. For each preference-class we estimate a class-specific WTP equation for this wine, so as to estimate the class responsiveness of WTP to various determinants. Estimates for a 4-class model are discussed in detail to illustrate the potential of this approach in characterizing the preferences of local consumers for the two most common certifications of origin.
Vertices and vortices in high Tc superconductors
Creators: name: Amin, Mohammad H. Sharifzadeh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is organized in two independent parts, in which I study two different aspects of high Tc superconductivity. The first part begins with an introduction aimed to briefly introduce some relevant experimental and theoretical works performed in recent years, that have helped us to think about cuprates the way we do now. Afterwards, I introduce Landau Fermi liquid theory in a standard text book way. The question of validity of Fermi liquid theory in 2-d is then raised and investigated by searching for singularities in Landau's /-function. I show that the interaction function between two quasiparticles whose momenta approach each other near a curved point of the Fermi surface, contains a 1-d singularity not strong enough to change the Fermi liquid behavior. On the other hand, inflection points provide 2-d singularities that have to be taken seriously in Fermi liquid considerations. I then introduce nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid theory (NAFL), which is a phenomenological theory proposed to describe high Tc systems. I mainly focus on the self-consistency of the theory in calculations. I criticize the theory on the basis of overlooking the vertex corrections in the strong coupling calculations of the transition temperature Tc. I calculate the first vertex correction for an optimally doped system and show that it is of the same order of magnitude as the bare vertex. Migdal's theorem is therefore not valid and Eliashberg formalism is not applicable to this situation. The same conclusion is obtained even after inclusion of the quasiparticle residue Z to the calculation. The sign of the vertex correction is then considered. I show that the positive sign of the vertex correction for the optimally doped system requires a phase transition of some sort as the doping is decreased. Part II of the thesis is devoted to the vortex lattice properties of high Tc superconductors. I establish a method to study vortex lattice properties of d-wave superconductors based on a generalization of the London model. The method has the advantage of simplicity as well as having very few free parameters (one at most) compared to other methods. The generalized London free energy is obtained from an s-d mixing Ginsburg-Landau free energy and also from the microscopic theory of Gorkov. The generalized London equation is found to be analytic at high temperatures. At very low temperatures however nonanalyticities arise as a result of the nodes on the superconducting gap. I then present the results of our calculations of some measurable quantities, such as the vortex lattice geometry and the effective penetration depth (as denned in μSR experiments). Comparison between our results and different experimental data is then performed. Especially our prediction for the magnetic field dependence of the effective penetration depth at T = 0, which is recently observed in //SR experiments with excellent agreement, is discussed.