cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessing genetic diversity patterns at neutral and adaptive loci to inform population reinforcement of an endangered migratory vulture
Creators: name: Bounas, Anastasios
name: Saravia‑Mullin, Victoria
name: Méndez, Maria
name: Arkumarev, Volen
name: Aghajanyan, Lusinev
name: Ararat, Korsh
name: Buechley, Evan
name: Dobrev, Vladimir
name: Dobrev, Dobromir
name: Efrat, Ron
name: Klisurov, Ivaylo
name: Kret, Elzbieta
name: Skartsi, Theodora
name: Oppel, Steffen
name: Petrov, Rusko
name: Şekercioğlu, Çağan
name: Vaidl, Anton
name: Donázar, José A.
name: Nikolov, Stoyan C.
name: Sotiropoulos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 598

description: One of the primary goals of conservation translocation programs should be the maintenance of both population demographic stability and genetic diversity. Here, we provide genetic management recommendations to inform a population reinforcement of the declining Egyptian Vulture population in the Balkans. Specifically, we examined whether the number of released individuals is sufficient to prevent genetic diversity loss due to random genetic drift and what the origin of the individuals should be that comprise the captive breeding pool. To this aim, we estimated and assessed genetic diversity levels and genetic structure of Egyptian Vulture populations across much of the species’ range using both neutral and non-neutral candidate loci involved in migration. We then evaluated the effects of the currently proposed population management scheme and candidate source populations on retaining allelic diversity. Our results show low differentiation values among populations and absence of genetic structure which point to past high gene flow. Furthermore, there was no predicted significant impact of different source populations on the genetic diversity of the recipient Balkan population. We also found that the declining Egyptian Vulture population in the Balkans still retains high levels of genetic diversity and therefore genetic diversity restoration is not currently needed. However, without any management, diversity is likely to decrease fast because of increased genetic drift as the population size continues to decline. Population reinforcement with nine birds per year for 20 years would provide sufficient demographic support for the population to retain > 85% of rare allelic diversity. Birds originating from the Balkans would ensure ecological and behavioral similarity and thus would be the best option for reinforcement. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that to prevent further population contraction and loss of adaptive alleles, releasing individuals of different origin would also be appropriate.
Impact assessment and adaptation to climate change of plantations in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Zubair, Lareef M.
name: Hansen, James W.
name: Yahiya, Zeenas
name: Siriwardhana, Manjula
name: Chandimala, Janaki
name: Razick, Siraj
name: Tennakoon, Upamala
name: Ariyaratne, Kusalika
name: Bandara, Irugal
name: Abeyratne, Thusitha
name: Bulathsinhala, Heli
name: Samuel, T. D. M. A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental sciences
Climatic changes

description: This report documents the work undertaken by the IRI, FECT, NRMS and University of Peradeniya as part of the overall project. Separate reports were prepared by the Tea Research Institute, Coconut Research Institute and the Department of Meteorology in Sri Lanka. The work at IRI, FECT and NRMS has proceeded satisfactorily. The work was in the domain of climate and climate change, crop-climate impact analysis and contributions to synthesis. We have contributed significantly in terms of research output and in capacity building, which were the goals of the AIACC project.
A localized sanitation status index as a proxy for fecal contamination in urban Maputo, Mozambique
Creators: name: Brown, Joe
name: Dreibelbis, Robert
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Berendes, David
name: Adriano, Zaida
name: Ross, Ian
name: Capone, Drew
name: Knee, Jackie
name: Holcomb, David A.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Year: 2019

description:
Sanitary surveys are used in low- and middle-income countries to assess water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions, but have rarely been compared with direct measures of environmental fecal contamination. We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of sanitary conditions and E. coli counts in soils and on surfaces of compounds (household clusters) in low-income neighborhoods of Maputo, Mozambique. We adapted the World Bank's Urban Sanitation Status Index to implement a sanitary survey tool specifically for compounds: a Localized Sanitation Status Index (LSSI) ranging from zero (poor sanitary conditions) to one (better sanitary conditions) calculated from 20 variables that characterized local sanitary conditions. We measured the variation in the LSSI with E. coli counts in soil (nine locations/compound) and surface swabs (seven locations/compound) in 80 compounds to assess reliability. Multivariable regression indicated that a ten-percentage point increase in LSSI was associated with 0.05 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.11) log10 fewer E. coli/dry gram in courtyard soil. Overall, the LSSI may be associated with fecal contamination in compound soil; however, the differences detected may not be meaningful in terms of public health hazards.
Review of Downscaling Methodologies for Africa Climate Applications
Creators: name: Brown, Casey
name: Greene, Arthur M.
name: Block, Paul J.
name: Giannini, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Science--Social aspects
Climatic changes

description: Downscaling is the term used to describe the various methods used to translate the climate projections from coarse resolution GCMs to finer resolutions deemed more useful for assessing impacts. Projections of future climate are produced using complex, coupled atmosphere-ocean models (GCMs). The GCMs are most reliable at the continental scale. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the climate system and the inevitable existence of model errors, multi-model ensembling is the recommended approach for characterizing expected climate changes. As downscaling is dependent on the ability of GCMs to successfully project the climate change signal, it is limited to where that signal is clear. Assessments of climate change in Africa indicate some consensus of reduced winter rainfall in southern Africa, increased annual rainfall in east Africa and uncertainty for the rest of Africa. Selection of GCMs that "do better" over Africa, or any region, is difficult and probably not warranted, given the general parity in model skill and the difficulty in identifying which models are more skillful. Ensemble means or medians offer the highest level of projection accuracy. Downscaling approaches are generally categorized as dynamical, using regional climate models, and statistical, using empirical relationships. However, dynamical downscaling often includes statistical modeling in the form of "bias correction." Dynamical downscaling is useful for incorporating topographic features, such as strong orography, and land use and vegetation. It is recommended where those features play a significant role in regional climate. However, computational time and the uncertainties that accompany complex models outweigh the benefits of dynamical downscaling where these features are not significant. The spatial resolution that can be achieved is on the order of tens of kilometers. Statistical downscaling is simpler and more efficient than dynamical downscaling. It is preferred where estimates of specific variables, especially at point locations, are sought for input to sector models (e.g., hydrologic models) or decision making. However, statistical modeling can mask a true understanding of regional climate dynamics and estimates may be overconfident. In summary, downscaling is best understood as an attempt to increase the understanding of climate change influences at the regional scale. In that context, a variety of methodologies should be explored, using all tools possible to increase that understanding. A set of "Best Practices" is recommended for pursuing this effort.
Participatory employment practices in Japan: Past, present and future
Creators: name: Kato, Takao
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: In this paper we provide an overview of important aspects of the postwar Japanese experience with employee participation and labor-management cooperation. First we review the scope and nature of participatory employment practices in Japan and their diffusion among Japanese firms over time. We then turn to the evidence on the effects of such practices on company performance. Third we provide some preliminary findings from our most recent research on the responses of participatory employment practices to the economic slowdown in the 1990s and speculate on the future of participatory employment practices in Japan. The paper's key findings include: (i) as a result of favorable environments in the postwar Japanese economy, in particular in manufacturing, participatory employment practices spread widely and were established firmly; (ii) such practices are found to have positive effects on company performance in the long-run; (iii) evidence was found for the complementarities among these practices; and (iv) participatory employment practices appear to be surviving in general in the economic slowdown in the 1990s whereas subtle yet potentially important changes in various attributes of participatory employment practices are taking place.
Poverty or Income Distribution: Which Do We Want to Measure?
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: The concepts of poverty, poverty line, levels of income and expenditure, low income and inequality have been in the statistician's vocabulary for more than a century. While statisticians have considerable experience to draw on in trying to understand them, we can also see from this history that there has always been considerable confusion and overlap among them. I propose that we can benefit by studying concepts of poverty on the one hand and income distribution (including inequality) on the other separately, rather than trying to subsume them in a single analysis. This will provide a better basis for deciding what it is we define as "poverty" for measurement purposes, at least from an international development perspective (only one of many perspectives which might be used, of course), and will then help us to consider how to measure it and with what available tools.
Protectionist Response to Import Competition in Declining Industries Reconsidered
Creators: name: Choi, Jay Pil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: "In a seminal article on the political economy of trade protection, Hillman (1982) proposed a theory of endogeneous protection in which the level of protection provided to an import-competing industry is determined as an outcome of political competition by agents in the economy. Hillman adapts the regulation model of Stigler-Peltzman to this international setting in which the government is viewed as a less benign, political support-maximizing agent. More specifically, he uses a Ricardo-Viner type specific factors model of international trade where owners of the factor specific to the import-competing sector lobby for protection whereas owners of other factors oppose it. Adopting the StiglerPeltzman assumption employed in the context of regulation, he first specifies a political support function which depends on the welfare levels of two competing groups which, in turn, depend on the level of the regulated domestic industry price. The implication of this set-up is that the industry's domestic price is invariant to import price changes because the political support-seeking policy-maker will always ensure that the domestic price is maintained at the level where the political support function is maximized. Therefore, the import tariff will be adjusted to exactly offset any exogenous changes in the world price."
Rezension: Globales Mega-Event und nationaler Konfliktherd. Die Fußball-WM 2014 in Medien und Politik.
Creators: name: Nölleke, Daniel
Publisher: name: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport
Year: 2017

description: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2017)
Summary of the Climate Information for Public Health Training Course: Palisades, New York. June 1-12, 2009
Creators: name: Cibrelus, Laurence
name: Mantilla Caicedo, Gilma Constanza
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Science--Social aspects
Climatic changes
Public health

description: As the world's attention is increasingly focused on the effects of climate change, it is essential to better understand the role that climate plays in community health and disease. Equally important is the need for decisive, coordinated interaction between climate experts and health workers to decide how best to respond to the variations in climate that in part drive the burden of disease in communities of developing countries. The 2009 Summer Institute on Climate Information for Public Health (SI 09) was designed to engage professionals who play a key role in the operational decision-making for climate-sensitive diseases in identifying and evaluating appropriate use of climate information.
"Is Sutton Brown God?" : planning expertise and the local state in Vancouver, 1952-1973
Creators: name: Langford, William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city planning was, for the first time, drawn into the processes of the local state in a meaningful way. Planning departments and new administrative structures were created that gave planners and planning expertise a privileged and central role in the operation of the local state. Gerald Sutton Brown, first as Director of Planning and then as City Commissioner, was one such expert and he worked to implement a number of commonly held high modernist planning solutions in Vancouver. However, in the context of the global Sixties, the dehumanizing and undemocratic nature of high modernist planning expertise was revealed and confronted. This paper endeavours to explore the contours of the entrenchment of planning expertise within local government and the way in which it was eventually challenged.
Lagerfeuer oder fragmentierte Nutzung?
Creators: name: Ludwig, Mark
name: Bruns, Thomas
Publisher: name: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport
Year: 2017

description: Zusammenfassung Die in jüngerer Zeit zu beobachtende Ausweitung und Ausdifferenzierung von Medienangeboten birgt u. a. das Risiko einer Fragmentierung des Publikums und in der Folge auch Risiken hinsichtlich der Erfüllung grundlegender Funktionen der Massenmedien. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, inwiefern bezüglich des medial vermittelten Sports eine Fragmentierung des Publikums angenommen werden kann. Hierfür werden eine Cluster- und eine Diskriminanzanalyse durchgeführt, als Datengrundlage dient eine Repräsentativbefragung zur Sportmediennutzung in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dezidierte Cluster – und damit unterschiedliche Mediennutzungstypen – in der Sportmediennutzung durchaus unterschieden werden können. Es lassen sich hingegen kaum Belege finden, die für eine Fragmentierung der Nutzerschaft des medial vermittelten Sports sprechen – insbesondere über das Medium Fernsehen vermittelte Sportgroßereignisse bilden ein „mediales Lagerfeuer“. Die gewonnenen Befunde werden im Hinblick auf ihre Implikationen für die Sportmedienpraxis wie für die Sportkommunikationsforschung diskutiert. Abstract The recent growth and differentiation of media outlets and products have led to a risk of audience fragmentation. This risk is connected with risks concerning the fulfilment of fundamental social functions of mass media. Against this background, the analysis presented in this paper examines audience fragmentation in sports media. To achieve this, a cluster analysis and a discriminant analysis were conducted. A representative survey on the usage of sports media in Germany served as a basis of data. The results show that there are different types of sports media users. However, there is no hard evidence for an audience fragmentation in this context. This is particularly true for TV broadcasts of major sport events – they still can be seen as a kind of modern „campfire“. The results are discussed regarding their implications for practical as well as scientific issues in the sports media context.
description: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2017)
How Many Poor People Should There Be? A Rejoinder to Ravallion
Creators: name: Pogge, Thomas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: Greatly boosting the political importance of the $1/day poverty headcount statistics the World Bank had been supplying since 1990, the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG) then promised "to halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of the world's people whose income is less than one dollar a day and the proportion of people who suffer from hunger." The UN and its MDG administrators have since decided that this proportion is to be calculated as a percentage not of world population but of the faster-growing population of the less developed countries, and that the benchmark year for this and all MDGs should be not the year of their adoption (2000), but 1990. The fate of billions is gravely affected by these as well as by additional decisions about how the relevant calculations are performed by the World Bank. It is in this context that Sanjay Reddy and I have joined the poverty measurement debate.
Ethylene–propylene copolymerization and their terpolymerization with dienes using ansa-Zirconocene catalysts activated by borate/alkylaluminum
Creators: name: Ali, Amjad
name: Akram, Muhammad Adnan
name: Guo, Yintian
name: Wu, Haifeng
name: Liu, Wucan
name: Khan, Akbar
name: Liu, Xiaoyu
name: Fu, Zhisheng
name: Fan, Zhiqiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Copolymerization of ethylene (E) and propylene (P) and their terpolymerizations with three kinds of diene (5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and 1,4-hexadiene (HD)) under 4 bar monomer pressure in n-heptane solution were studied. Two ansa-zirconocenes (rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2ZrCl2 (Mt-I) and rac-Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (Mt-II)) activated by (Ph3C)B(C6F5)4/triisobutylaluminum were used as the catalyst, respectively. In general, addition of diene depressed the polymerization activity. ENB exerted the strongest deactivation effect on Mt-I, and HD caused the strongest deactivation on Mt-II. Among the two metallocenes, activity of Mt-I was more sensitive to the diene. Increasing diene concentration in the monomer feed caused lower propylene incorporation rate and shorter average length of polypropylene sequences, and the average length of polyethylene sequences was increased by adding more HD in E/P/HD terpolymerization with Mt-II. The Mt-II/borate catalyst showed high activity and diene incorporation rate for E/P/ENB terpolymerization. In contrast, Mt-I/borate catalyst showed high activity and propylene incorporation rate for E/P copolymerization, but was nearly inactive for E/P/ENB terpolymerization.
„Unsere Jungs“ bei der EM
Creators: name: Schallhorn, Christiana
name: Beck, Christoph
Publisher: name: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport
Year: 2017

description: Zusammenfassung In der Berichterstattung zu Sportgroßereignissen wird oft das Bild von „wir-und-die-anderen” konstruiert. Charakteristisch sind dabei eine Überrepräsentanz eigener Sportler, sowie eine prominente Platzierung und ein größerer Umfang der Beiträge über eigene Sportler im Vergleich zu anderen. Die ländervergleichende Studie untersucht inhaltsanalytisch Pressefotos zur Fußballeuropameisterschaft 2016 in vier Boulevardzeitungen aus Deutschland (Bild), Frankreich (Le Parisien), England (Daily Mirror) und Niederlande (De Telegraaf). Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass auf den Fotos (N = 2075) häufiger die eigene Mannschaft als alle anderen Mannschaften zusammen abgebildet wird. Zudem wird das eigene Team häufiger auf der Titelseite und auf großen Fotos abgedruckt. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen außerdem, dass der Erfolg anderer Mannschaften sowie die geografische Nähe zu anderen teilnehmenden Ländern entscheidend für die Berichterstattung in allen vier Zeitungen sind. Abstract In the coverage of mega-sporting events, the image of “us vs. them” is often constructed. Characteristics are an overrepresentation of own athletes, as well as prominent placements and a larger extent of articles on own athletes in comparison to others. By conducting a content analysis the study examines press photos of the UEFA European Championship 2016 in four tabloids from Germany (Bild), France (Le Parisien), England (Daily Mirror) and Netherlands (De Telegraaf). The results show that in the photos (N = 2075) the own team is pictured more often than other teams overall, but also more frequently on the title page and on large photos. Results also indicate that the success of other teams, as well as geographical proximity to other participating teams, are relevant predictors for the coverage in all of the four newspapers.
description: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2017)
Tagungsbericht: 3. Social Media and Sports Day (SMASD 2017)
Creators: name: Nieland, Jörg-Uwe
Publisher: name: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport
Year: 2018

description: Tagungsbericht zum 3. Social Media and Sports Day am 7. Juli 2017 in Tübingen.
description: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2017)
The Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 and its Macroeconomic Consequences
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance

description: Executive compensation schemes (combined with bank accounting regulations) encouraged the provision of misleading information—booking income "above the line," while retaining liabilities off the balance sheet. Executives that are paid with stock options have an incentive to increase the market value of shares, and this may be more easily done by increasing reported income than by increasing true profits. Though Sarbanes-Oxley fixed some of the problems that were uncovered in the Enron and related scandals, it did nothing about stock options. With stock options not being expensed, shareholders often were not fully apprised of their cost. This provides strong incentives to pay exorbitant compensation through stock options. But the use of stock options encourages bad accounting practices.
Central Banks, Liquidity and the Banking Crisis
Creators: name: Turner, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance

description: Of the maxims of orthodox finance none, surely, is more anti-social than the fetish of liquidity, the doctrine that it is a positive virtue on the part of investment institutions to concentrate their resources upon the holding of 'liquid' securities. It forgets that there is no such thing as liquidity of investment for the community as a whole … Capital markets provide liquidity to make investments which are 'fixed' for the community more 'liquid' for the individual.
Interstellar Communication: The Case for Spread Spectrum
Creators: name: Messerschmitt, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spread spectrum, widely employed in modern digital wireless terrestrial radio systems, chooses a signal with a noise-like character and much higher bandwidth than necessary. This paper advocates spread spectrum modulation for interstellar communication, motivated by robust immunity to radio-frequency interference (RFI) of technological origin in the vicinity of the receiver while preserving full detection sensitivity in the presence of natural sources of noise. Receiver design for noise immunity alone provides no basis for choosing a signal with any specific character, therefore failing to reduce ambiguity. By adding RFI to noise immunity as a design objective, the conjunction of choice of signal (by the transmitter) together with optimum detection for noise immunity (in the receiver) leads through simple probabilistic argument to the conclusion that the signal should possess the statistical properties of a burst of white noise, and also have a large time-bandwidth product. Thus spread spectrum also provides an implicit coordination between transmitter and receiver by reducing the ambiguity as to the signal character. This strategy requires the receiver to guess the specific noise-like signal, and it is contended that this is feasible if an appropriate pseudorandom signal is generated algorithmically. For example, conceptually simple algorithms like the binary expansion of common irrational numbers like Pi are shown to be suitable. Due to its deliberately wider bandwidth, spread spectrum is more susceptible to dispersion and distortion in propagation through the interstellar medium, desirably reducing ambiguity in parameters like bandwidth and carrier frequency. This suggests a promising new direction in interstellar communication using spread spectrum modulation techniques.
Tagungsbericht: 3. Jahrestagung der Ad-hoc-Gruppe „Medien-sport & Sportkommunikation“
Creators: name: Ihle, Holger
Publisher: name: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport
Year: 2018

description: Tagungsbericht zur 3. Jahrestagung der Ad-hoc-Gruppe „Mediensport & Sportkommunikation“ vom 25.-26. September 2017 in Hamburg.
description: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2017)
The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES)VII. Thorium abundances in metal-poor stars
Creators: name: Ren, Jing
name: Christlieb, Norbert
name: Zhao, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report thorium abundances for 77 metal-poor stars in the metallicity range of -3.5
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Cavity-free Photon Blockade Induced by Many-body Bound States
Creators: name: Zheng, Huaixiu
name: Gauthier, Daniel J.
name: Baranger, Harold U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The manipulation of individual, mobile quanta is a key goal of quantum communication; to achieve this, nonlinear phenomena in open systems can play a critical role. We show theoretically that a variety of strong quantum nonlinear phenomena occur in a completely open one-dimensional waveguide coupled to an N-type four-level system (4LS). We focus on photon blockade and the creation of single photon states in the absence of a cavity. Many-body bound states appear due to the strong photon-photon correlation mediated by the 4LS. These bound states cause photon blockade which can generate a sub-Poissonian single photon source.
description: 4 pages main text + 4 pages supplementary material
Measuring Poverty in a Growing World (Or Measuring Growth in a Poor World)
Creators: name: Deaton, Angus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: The extent to which growth reduces global poverty has been disputed for 30 years. Although there are better data than ever before, controversies are not resolved. A major problem is that consumption measured from household surveys, which is used to measure poverty, grows less rapidly than consumption measured in national accounts, in the world as a whole and in large countries, particularly India, China, and the United States. In consequence, measured poverty has fallen less rapidly than appears warranted by measured growth in poor countries. One plausible cause is that richer households are less likely to participate in surveys. But growth in the national accounts is also upward biased, and consumption in the national accounts contains large and rapidly growing items that are not consumed by the poor and not included in surveys. So it is possible for consumption of the poor to grow less rapidly than national consumption, without any increase in measured inequality. Current statistical procedures in poor countries understate the rate of global poverty reduction, and overstate growth in the world.
The Debate on Globalization, Poverty and Inequality: Why Measurement Matters
Creators: name: Ravallion, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: How many poor people are there in the world? This simple question is surprisingly difficult to answer at present. Building on earlier exercises going back to the late 1970s, the World Bank (henceforth Bank) has, beginning with the 1990 World Development Report (henceforth WDR) periodically presented comprehensive estimates of the extent of poverty in the world and in particular regions and countries for different years. These estimates have been widely accepted and employed in a range of policy analyses and assessments. They have been used to describe the world, to determine resource allocation priorities, and to judge which policies are most poverty reducing. More recently, they have played a central role in monitoring the first Millennium Development Goal, which calls for the halving of global poverty as defined by the Bank’s estimates.
Spitzer IRS Detection of Molecular Hydrogen Rotational Emission Towards Translucent Clouds
Creators: name: Ingalls, James G.
name: Bania, T. M.
name: Boulanger, F.
name: Draine, B. T.
name: Falgarone, E.
name: Hily-Blant, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have detected emission in the S(0), S(1), and S(2) pure-rotational (v=0-0) transitions of molecular hydrogen (H2) towards 6 positions in two translucent high Galactic latitude clouds, DCld 300.2-16.9 and LDN 1780. The detection of these lines raises important questions regarding the physical conditions inside low-extinction clouds that are far from ultraviolet radiation sources. The ratio between the S(2) flux and the flux from PAHs at 7.9 microns averages 0.007 for these 6 positions. This is a factor of about 4 higher than the same ratio measured towards the central regions of non-active Galaxies in the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS). Thus the environment of these translucent clouds is more efficient at producing rotationally excited H2 per PAH-exciting photon than the disks of entire galaxies. Excitation analysis finds that the S(1) and S(2) emitting regions are warm (T >300K), but comprise no more than 2% of the gas mass. We find that UV photons cannot be the sole source of excitation in these regions and suggest mechanical heating via shocks or turbulent dissipation as the dominant cause of the emission. The clouds are located on the outskirts of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association and may be dissipating recent bursts of mechanical energy input from supernova explosions. We suggest that pockets of warm gas in diffuse or translucent clouds, integrated over the disks of galaxies, may represent a major source of all non-active galaxy H2 emission.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal. Accepted version of 10/19/2011, emulateapj format
Rezension zu: Christiana Schallhorn Kultivierung durch Sportgroßereignisse. Zum Einfluss der Medienberichterstattung über die Fußballweltmeisterschaft 2014 auf die Wahrnehmung des Gastgeberlandes Brasilien
Creators: name: Riegler, Miriam
Publisher: name: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Christiana Schallhorn Kultivierung durch Sportgroßereignisse. Zum Einfluss der Medienberichterstattung über die Fußballweltmeisterschaft 2014 auf die Wahrnehmung des Gastgeberlandes Brasilien. Köln: Herbert von Halem Verlag, 2017. 240 Sei-ten, 34,00 €. ISBN: 978-3-86962-250-7
description: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2017)
How, if at all, Should Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) be Regulated?
Creators: name: Goodhart, C. A. E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance

description: The role of credit ratings agencies (CRAs) is to forecast the probability that the issuer of a debt liability will default on the due repayment (its probability of default, PD). In this respect, CRAs are one of a large set of institutions and people who seek to forecast certain aspects of the future. As a generality, the only, or at any rate the most important, requisite of a forecast is its accuracy. So long as the forecast is accurate, it is largely beside the point how the forecaster behaves otherwise, whether they lead a blameless life, or alternatively are rude to their parents, beat their children or cheat on their spouses, etc. Moreover, in the case of CRAs, (unlike the Delphic oracle), the forecast is not only relatively clear in content, (though we shall consider later how it could, and should, be made even clearer), but also the status of the event being forecast, i.e. whether the issuer defaults, or not, on due repayment, is also relatively clear – and any remaining fuzziness often becomes subject to a legal decision. So the forecasting activities of CRAs should be susceptible to ex post accountability. Compare forecast with out-turn; assess and publish the comparative accuracy of the various CRAs' and leave competition to do the rest. We shall review what extra steps need to be taken to enhance such ex post accountability, comparing forecast with outcome, and comment briefly on how, perhaps, to enhance competition.
Rezension zu: Andrew C. Billings (Hrsg.) Defining Sport Communication.
Creators: name: Ihle, Holger
Publisher: name: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Andrew C. Billings (Hrsg.) Defining Sport Communication. New York: Routledge, 2017. 370 Seiten, 35,00 €. ISBN: 978-1-138-90960-1.
description: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2017)
Semantically Aware Text Categorisation for Metadata Annotation
Creators: name: Carducci, Giulio
name: Leontino, Marco
name: Radicioni, Daniele Paolo
name: Bonino, Guido
name: Pasini, Enrico
name: Tripodi, Paolo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Text categorization
Lexical resources
Semantics
NLP
Language models

description: In this paper we illustrate a system aimed at solving a longstanding and challenging problem: acquiring a classifier to automatically annotate bibliographic records by starting from a huge set of unbalanced and unlabelled data. We illustrate the main features of the dataset, the learning algorithm adopted, and how it was used to discriminate philosophical documents from documents of other disciplines. One strength of our approach lies in the novel combination of a standard learning approach with a semantic one: the results of the acquired classifier are improved by accessing a semantic network containing conceptual information. We illustrate the experimentation by describing the construction rationale of training and test set, we report and discuss the obtained results and conclude by drawing future work.
Sustainable Development in Africa: Is the Climate Right?
Creators: name: Williams, James
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Science--Social aspects
subject: Sustainability
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The purpose of this document is to set out the IRI position on managing climate information in the development process in Africa, and to provide a convenient point of reference for all people working on related matters. The main message is that much better management of climate variability in a number of key sectors is essential to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development in Africa. IRI, as an international development organization, is committed to the MDGs and is actively engaging partners in new ways to assist the process.
Von der Nische zu Olympia?
Creators: name: Heinecke, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport
Year: 2018

description: Zusammenfassung Darts ist ein „Lehrstück über zeitgemäße Vermarktung […] deutsche Fangesänge in London. Bei der Darts-WM. In einem Achtelfinale. Noch dazu bei einem Duell zweier Niederländer. Könnte es ein besseres Qualitätsmerkmal für eine Sportveranstaltung geben?“ (Wöckener, 2015). Was also hat Darts, was die anderen nicht haben? Warum lieben die deutschen Medien diese seltsame Sportart, bei der oftmals wenig athletisch aussehende Männer kleine Pfeile werfen, angefeuert von ausdauernden Gesängen eines bunt kostümierten Publikums jenseits der Promillegrenze? Was sagt uns das über den Zustand unseres Sportsystems und die Rolle, welche mediale Berichterstattung darin spielt? Das Beispiel Darts soll in diesem Essay zum einen als Aufhänger zur kritischen Reflexion über die Medialisierung des Sports genutzt werden. Zum anderen wird darauf aufbauend gefragt, wie sich der Sportmarkt aktuell entwickelt und welche Fragen in Sachen Sport und Medien zu stellen sein werden. Abstract Darts has become more and more popular in Germany over the last few years. In times when some traditional sports struggle to get at least some kind of media attention, media coverage of darts has increased strongly. Analysing the professional marketing and the special mixture of sports and show, this essay gives reasons for the hype. Still, the example of darts is also a good showcase do discuss some critical questions regarding the academic research on the mediatization of sports. Some non-traditional sports are currently challenging the sports system and might have major impact not only on sports in general, but also on the relationship towards the media
description: Journal für Sportkommunikation und Mediensport, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2017)
Maximum likelihood approach for several stochastic volatility models
Creators: name: Camprodon, Jordi
name: Perelló, Josep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Volatility measures the amplitude of price fluctuations. Despite it is one of the most important quantities in finance, volatility is not directly observable. Here we apply a maximum likelihood method which assumes that price and volatility follow a two-dimensional diffusion process where volatility is the stochastic diffusion coefficient of the log-price dynamics. We apply this method to the simplest versions of the expOU, the OU and the Heston stochastic volatility models and we study their performance in terms of the log-price probability, the volatility probability, and its Mean First-Passage Time. The approach has some predictive power on the future returns amplitude by only knowing current volatility. The assumed models do not consider long-range volatility auto-correlation and the asymmetric return-volatility cross-correlation but the method still arises very naturally these two important stylized facts. We apply the method to different market indexes and with a good performance in all cases.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures
Financial Structures
Creators: name: Ocampo, Jose A.
name: Rada, Codrina
name: Taylor, Lance
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: The financial side of an economy undergoes structural change through the development process. There is no strict progression of financial development and initial conditions matter. But, broadly speaking, new financial structures gradually evolve, in a process that can be seen as a sequence of five "stages" of increasing financial complexity. Understanding financial structures is crucial for the analysis of macroeconomic policy in Chapter 7, since they can increase policy flexibility but can also constrain policy maneuver and generate risks of destabilization for the entire macroeconomy.
The contribution of bone marrow macrophages to Acute Myeloid Leukemia growth
Creators: name: Birch, Flora
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is one of the deadliest forms of cancer. It has been relying on chemotherapy as its primary treatment for the past three decades. However, relapse after therapy (50-90%) leads to the development of an aggressive form of leukaemia, resistant to current treatment. While immunotherapies are on the rise to treat most cancers, its use in AML is highly challenging due to the lack of tumour cell signature and increased side effects. A better understanding of the disease and its interaction with the immune system is essential to develop targeted therapies with lower side effects and prevent relapse occurrence. Using a combination of microscopy and high-dimension flow analysis, I identified two functionally and phenotypically distinct populations of macrophages, interacting with malignant cells. The first population named Haematopoiesis-supportive macrophage (HSM), expressed Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a marker associating them with the retention of healthy haematopoietic cells. These cells were found to be lost first during AML. The second population, AML-associated macrophages (AAMs), expressed Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1), two markers important in the inhibition of the immune response in cancer. These cells were found to be enriched at early AML. Combining these results with single cell RNA-sequencing and functional in vitro assays, I found that AAMs were efferocytic cells, capable of phagocytosing AML cells and inhibiting activated T cells. By targeting these cells using different genetic and pharmacological techniques, I was able to show that the depletion of AAMs led to reduced AML growth while the accumulation of AAMs was associated with faster AML growth. Together, this thesis provides an insight into the phenotype and function of different macrophage populations present in the bone marrow and their involvement in AML. This work opens up new avenues for further research and novel therapeutic targets for immunotherapy.
Changes in the structure of Family Income Inequality in the United States and other Industrial Nations during the 1980s
Creators: name: Blackburn, McKinley
name: Bloom, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: We examine the detailed structure of family inequality in the United States, Canada, and Australia at various points during the 1980s. In each of these countries we find that income inequality increased among married couple families and that the increases are closely associated with increases in the inequality of husbands' earnings. However, only in the united states is the increased inequality of husbands' earnings also associated with an increase in education-earnings differentials. In addition, increased earnings inequality is associated with increases in both the variance of wages and the variance of labor supply in the united states and Canada, but only with an increase in the variance of labor supply in Australia. Evidence of an increase in married couple income inequality is also found for France and the United kingdom, but not for Sweden or the Netherlands. For married couple families in Canada, Sweden, the united kingdom, and the United States, we find that increased inequality of family income is closely associated with and increased correlation between husbands' and wives' earnings. A more detailed examination of this correlation in Canada and the United sates suggest that the increase in this correlation cannot be explained by an increase in the similarity of husbands and wives observable labor market characteristics in either country. Rather, it is explained partly by changes in the way those characteristics translate into labor market outcomes and more important, by changes in the interspousal correlation between unobservable factors that influence labor market outcomes.
A Troublesome Past: Chemodynamics of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal
Creators: name: Amorisco, N. C.
name: Evans, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present compelling evidence for the complexity of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal. By disentangling three different stellar subpopulations in its red giant branch, we are able to study in detail the dependence between kinematics and metallicity. A well-defined ordering in velocity dispersion, spatial concentration, and metallicity is evident in the subpopulations. We also present evidence for a significant misalignment between the angular momentum vectors of the old and intermediate-age populations. According to the HST measurement of Fornax's proper motion, this corresponds to counter-rotation. These ingredients are used to construct a novel evolutionary history of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal, characterized as a late merger of a bound pair.
description: ApJL, accepted version, minor changes
Non-native perception of laryngeal features
Creators: name: Jackson, Susan
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 87-94
description: This thesis investigated the role of phonological features and phonetic factors in the perception of non-native contrasts and demonstrated that cross-language perception may shed light on the nature of Ll underlying representations. The experimental design was based on a theory that English uses the feature [spread glottis] while French uses the feature [voice] to distinguish voiced and voiceless stops. Native-English and -French speakers were tested on their perception of Hindi laryngeal stop contrasts which are thought to contrast both these features. Results from an ABX task showed that English speakers performed significantly better on contrasts involving the feature [ spread glottis] and the French did significantly better on contrasts involving the feature [voice]. This is consistent with the assumption that English and French have different active phonological features. However, the role of phonetic information is considered as well, because Brown's Feature Model (1998, 2000), in its strongest interpretation, is not supported.