cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transportability without positivity: a synthesis of statistical and simulation modeling
Creators: name: Zivich, Paul N
name: Edwards, Jessie K
name: Lofgren, Eric T
name: Cole, Stephen R
name: Shook-Sa, Bonnie E
name: Lessler, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When estimating an effect of an action with a randomized or observational study, that study is often not a random sample of the desired target population. Instead, estimates from that study can be transported to the target population. However, transportability methods generally rely on a positivity assumption, such that all relevant covariate patterns in the target population are also observed in the study sample. Strict eligibility criteria, particularly in the context of randomized trials, may lead to violations of this assumption. Two common approaches to address positivity violations are restricting the target population and restricting the relevant covariate set. As neither of these restrictions are ideal, we instead propose a synthesis of statistical and simulation models to address positivity violations. We propose corresponding g-computation and inverse probability weighting estimators. The restriction and synthesis approaches to addressing positivity violations are contrasted with a simulation experiment and an illustrative example in the context of sexually transmitted infection testing uptake. In both cases, the proposed synthesis approach accurately addressed the original research question when paired with a thoughtfully selected simulation model. Neither of the restriction approaches were able to accurately address the motivating question. As public health decisions must often be made with imperfect target population information, model synthesis is a viable approach given a combination of empirical data and external information based on the best available knowledge.
Periodic Point Data Detects Subdynamics in Entropy Rank One
Creators: name: Miles, Richard
name: Ward, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22D40; 37A15; 37A35

description: A framework for understanding the geometry of continuous actions of Z^d was developed by Boyle and Lind using the notion of expansive behavior along lower-dimensional subspaces. For algebraic Z^d-actions of entropy rank one, the expansive subdynamics is readily described in terms of Lyapunov exponents. Here we show that periodic point counts for elements of an entropy rank one action determine the expansive subdynamics. Moreover, the finer structure of the non-expansive set is visible in the topological and smooth structure of a set of functions associated to the periodic point data.
An alternative proof of well-posedness of stochastic evolution equations in the variational setting
Creators: name: Marinelli, Carlo
name: Scarpa, Luca
name: Stefanelli, Ulisse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new proof of well-posedness of stochastic evolution equations in variational form, relying solely on a (nonlinear) infinite-dimensional approximation procedure rather than on classical finite-dimensional projection arguments of Galerkin type.
description: 11 pages
Magnetic activity on AB Doradus: Temporal evolution of starspots and differential rotation from 1988 to 1994
Creators: name: Jeffers, S. V.
name: Donati, J. -F.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface brightness maps for the young K0 dwarf AB Doradus are reconstructed from archival data sets for epochs spanning 1988 to 1994. By using the signal-to-noise enhancement technique of Least-Squares Deconvolution, our results show a greatly increased resolution of spot features than obtained in previously published surface brightness reconstructions. These images show that for the exception of epoch 1988.96, the starspot distributions are dominated by a long-lived polar cap, and short-lived low to high latitude features. The fragmented polar cap at epoch 1988.96 could indicate a change in the nature of the dynamo in the star. For the first time we measure differential rotation for epochs with sufficient phase coverage (1992.05, 1993.89, 1994.87). These measurements show variations on a timescale of at least one year, with the strongest surface differential rotation ever measured for AB Dor occurring in 1994.86. In conjunction with previous investigations, our results represent the first long-term analysis of the temporal evolution of differential rotation on active stars.
description: accepted by MNRAS 18 pages 18 figures
In memoriam Ilse Brinkhues geb. Volckmar (1923-2012)
Creators: name: Berlis, Angela
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 61 Nr. 3 (2012): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 61, Heft 3
Securities regulation in China : a study of its path to market economy
Creators: name: Yang, Xusheng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The experiment currently underway in developing securities markets in China have met with initial success, although, as has been mentioned throughout this thesis, there are a considerable number of issues still to be addressed over time. Many of the issues will probably be resolved by trial and error as various participants in the market ~ the regulators, the exchanges, the intermediaries, the issuers and the investors ~ develop more experience. Central to the problem of securities regulation in China is that none of the Western-style corporate and securities frameworks proved to be the essential vehicle for private Chinese economic development that their creators had envisioned. In responding to this question, this thesis concludes that China's new securities program is a process and must be recognized as such. In this process, the transformation of a system, inclusive of all sectors, that is wholly based on state ownership to one that functions by the rules of the marketplace, takes time and effort. The US model may be useful in certain contexts, but China's securities regulation should adhere to an approach compatible with its culture and reflective of its distinct political system and the humiliating history of the last two centuries. Chinese people, after many rounds of debate extending over more than a century, have come to realize the tremendous need for, and potential benefits from, building a strong country in favor of the Western style democracy and mode of regulation. The pace and uncertainty of this unique transition frighten as many Chinese as they embolden. Whatever the Chinese are on the way to becoming, the following counsel have to be offered: Naixin. Patience. Xuyao shijian. It takes time.
Lon-ea at SemEval-2023 Task 11: A Comparison of Activation Functions for Soft and Hard Label Prediction
Creators: name: Hosseini, Peyman
name: Hosseini, Mehran
name: Al-Azzawi, Sana Sabah
name: Liwicki, Marcus
name: Castro, Ignacio
name: Purver, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: We study the influence of different activation functions in the output layer of deep neural network models for soft and hard label prediction in the learning with disagreement task. In this task, the goal is to quantify the amount of disagreement via predicting soft labels. To predict the soft labels, we use BERT-based preprocessors and encoders and vary the activation function used in the output layer, while keeping other parameters constant. The soft labels are then used for the hard label prediction. The activation functions considered are sigmoid as well as a step-function that is added to the model post-training and a sinusoidal activation function, which is introduced for the first time in this paper.
description: Accepted in ACL 2023 SemEval Workshop as selected task paper
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, January 12, 1915
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated January 12, 1915, regarding taxes, unpaid vouchers, and Bellevue Ranche.
Gonostomum affine Sterki 1878
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Hypotrichea
Oxytrichida
Oxytrichidae
Gonostomum
Gonostomum affine

description: Gonostomum affine (Stein, 1859) Sterki, 1878
Distribution. MEXICO: Coffee plantation La Onza, near Coatepec (Durán-Ramírez et al. 2015), (Th, Ts). VENE-ZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
title: Construction of fully equivalent neuronal cables: An analysis of neuron morphology
Creators: name: Ogden, James M.
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences.

description: Neuronal dendritic trees exhibit a huge variety of morphologies, and their information processing capabilities are, for the most part, poorly understood. The fundamental difficulty stems from the fact that dendrites can be bewilderingly complicated and appear to operate at a global level; an event in one location potentially influences the entire tree. At first sight, it would seem that the entire tree must be analysed as a single entity unless conceptual simplifications can be introduced. This thesis presents procedures for reducing passive neuronal dendritic tree models to fully equivalent unbranched non-uniform cables. A fully equivalent cable is equivalent in a mathematical sense to the original tree model and capable of reproducing the same physiological behaviour. An understanding of the construction procedures, as well as the results they produce, gives new, and general, insight into the local and global signal processing capabilities conferred on passive dendritic trees by their geometry. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
Thermal N = 4 SYM theory as a 2D Coulomb gas
Creators: name: Hartnoll, Sean A.
name: Kumar, S. Prem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with SU(N) gauge group at large N and at finite temperature on a spatial S^3. We show that, at finite weak 't Hooft coupling, the theory is naturally described as a two dimensional Coulomb gas of complex eigenvalues of the Polyakov-Maldacena loop, valued on the cylinder. In the low temperature confined phase the eigenvalues condense onto a strip encircling the cylinder, while the high temperature deconfined phase is characterised by an ellipsoidal droplet of eigenvalues.
description: 1+10 pages. 2 figures
Enhanced Vibrational Stability in Glass Droplets
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Surajit
name: Krishnan, Vishnu V.
name: Ramola, Kabir
name: Karmakar, Smarajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show through simulations of amorphous solids prepared in open boundary conditions that they possess significantly fewer low-frequency vibrational modes compared to their periodic boundary counterparts. Specifically, using measurements of the vibrational density of states, we find that the $D(ω) \sim ω^4$ law changes to $D(ω) \sim ω^δ$ with $δ\approx 5$ in two dimensions and $δ\approx 4.5$ in three dimensions. Crucially, this enhanced stability is achieved when utilizing slow annealing protocols to generate solid configurations. We perform an anharmonic analysis of the minima corresponding to the lowest-frequency modes in such open-boundary systems and discuss their correlation with the density of states. A study of various system sizes further reveals that small systems display a higher degree of localization in vibrations. Lastly, we confine open-boundary solids in order to introduce macroscopic stresses in the system which are absent in the unconfined system, and find that the $D(ω) \sim ω^4$ behavior is recovered.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Calibration of the MaGIXS experiment I: Calibration of the X-ray source at the X-ray and Cryogenic Facility (XRCF)
Creators: name: Athiray, P. S.
name: Winebarger, Amy R.
name: Champey, Patrick
name: Kobayashi, Ken
name: Vigil, Genevieve D.
name: Haight, Harlan
name: Johnson, Steven
name: Bethge, Christian
name: Rachmeler, Laurel A.
name: Savage, Sabrina
name: Beabout, Brent
name: Beabout, Dyana
name: Hogue, William
name: Guillory, Anthony
name: Siler, Richard
name: Wright, Ernest
name: Kegley, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Marshall Grazing Incidence Spectrometer {\it MaGIXS} is a sounding rocket experiment that will observe the soft X-ray spectrum of the Sun from 24 - 6.0 Å (0.5 - 2.0 keV) and is scheduled for launch in 2021. Component and instrument level calibrations for the {\it MaGIXS} instrument are carried out using the X-ray and Cryogenic Facility (XRCF) at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. In this paper, we present the calibration of the incident X-ray flux from the electron impact source with different targets at the XRCF using a CCD camera; the photon flux at the CCD was low enough to enable its use as a "photon counter" i.e. the ability to identify individual photon hits and calculate their energy. The goal of this paper is two-fold: 1) to confirm that the flux measured by the XRCF beam normalization detectors is consistent with the values reported in the literature and therefore reliable for {\it MaGIXS} calibration and 2) to develop a method of counting photons in CCD images that best captures their number and energy
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
S4 Flavor Symmetry and Fermion Masses: Towards a Grand Unified theory of Flavor
Creators: name: Hagedorn, C.
name: Lindner, M.
name: Mohapatra, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pursuing a bottom-up approach to explore which flavor symmetry could serve as an explanation of the observed fermion masses and mixings, we discuss an extension of the standard model (SM) where the flavor structure for both quarks and leptons is determined by a spontaneously broken S4 and the requirement that its particle content is embeddable simultaneously into the conventional SO(10) grand unified theory (GUT) and a continuous flavor symmetry G_f like SO(3)_f or SU(3)_f. We explicitly provide the Yukawa and the Higgs sector of the model and show its viability in two numerical examples which arise as small deviations from rank one matrices. In the first case, the corresponding mass matrix is democratic and in the second one only its 2-3 block is non-vanishing. We demonstrate that the Higgs potential allows for the appropriate vacuum expectation value (VEV) configurations in both cases, if CP is conserved. For the first case, the chosen Yukawa couplings can be made natural by invoking an auxiliary Z2 symmetry. The numerical study we perform shows that the best-fit values for the lepton mixing angles theta_12 and theta_23 can be accommodated for normal neutrino mass hierarchy. The results for the quark mixing angles turn out to be too small. Furthermore the CP-violating phase delta can only be reproduced correctly in one of the examples. The small mixing angle values are likely to be brought into the experimentally allowed ranges by including radiative corrections. Interestingly, due to the S4 symmetry the mass matrix of the right-handed neutrinos is proportional to the unit matrix.
description: 27 pages, published version with minor changes
Estimées des noyaux de Green et de la chaleur sur les espaces symétriques
Creators: name: Carron, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C35, 58J50 (Primary), 22E40 (Secondary)

description: We obtain an off-diagonal upper bound for Green and heat kernel of Laplace type operator on symmetric spaces.
Isogeometric Configuration Design Optimization of Three-dimensional Curved Beam Structures for Maximal Fundamental Frequency
Creators: name: Choi, Myung-Jin
name: Kim, Jae-Hyun
name: Koo, Bonyong
name: Cho, Seonho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a configuration design optimization method for three-dimensional curved beam built-up structures having maximized fundamental eigenfrequency. We develop the method of computation of design velocity field and optimal design of beam structures constrained on a curved surface, where both designs of the embedded beams and the curved surface are simultaneously varied during the optimal design process. A shear-deformable beam model is used in the response analyses of structural vibrations within an isogeometric framework using the NURBS basis functions. An analytical design sensitivity expression of repeated eigenvalues is derived. The developed method is demonstrated through several illustrative examples.
description: This document is the personal version of an article whose final publication is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-020-02803-0
Non-Asymptotic Analysis of Ensemble Kalman Updates: Effective Dimension and Localization
Creators: name: Ghattas, Omar Al
name: Sanz-Alonso, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many modern algorithms for inverse problems and data assimilation rely on ensemble Kalman updates to blend prior predictions with observed data. Ensemble Kalman methods often perform well with a small ensemble size, which is essential in applications where generating each particle is costly. This paper develops a non-asymptotic analysis of ensemble Kalman updates that rigorously explains why a small ensemble size suffices if the prior covariance has moderate effective dimension due to fast spectrum decay or approximate sparsity. We present our theory in a unified framework, comparing several implementations of ensemble Kalman updates that use perturbed observations, square root filtering, and localization. As part of our analysis, we develop new dimension-free covariance estimation bounds for approximately sparse matrices that may be of independent interest.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (90)]
Creators: name: Onrighinus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1322
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Der Richter Onrighinus de Thiboldis, vicarius des Rugerius de Medicis, seinerseits Podestà von Pavia, beauftragt den Richter Francischinus de Sycleriis mit der Prozessführung in einem Fall zwischen frater Saluinus, Syndicus und Procurator des Klosters Montis Oliveti, und Augustinus Tesca, Sohn des Gylius.
Westall’s peasants : British identity and the crisis of nation in 1799
Creators: name: Cuthbert, Nancy Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: For much of the population of Great Britain at the end of the eighteenth century, the upheavals and anxieties associated with the 1790s were not limited to recurrent threats of invasion brought about by the ongoing war with revolutionary Republican France or to the realities of the 1798 Irish Rebellion. They also stemmed from the continuing transformation of Britain into the first modern industrial nation. Such changes, which produced widespread fears of popular uprisings against the existing social order, were particularly unsettling for the privileged sectors of society who were the purchasers of quality reproductive art prints. This thesis examines a set of stipple engravings representing groups of peasants and the rural countryside in four regions of the British Isles. The prints - English Peasants. Welch [sic] Peasants. Scotch Peasants and Irish Peasants - were published in 1799 and reproduced paintings by Richard Westall, R.A., a popular English artist known for his idealized depictions of rustic genre subjects. In the course of the thesis I argue that contemporary interest in the impending union of Britain and Ireland, following the Irish Rebellion of 1798, would have been a major factor in the decision to publish these images as an expensive set of four at a time when the market for English engravings had been devastated by the war with France. Appearing at a moment when both British unity and social stability were matters of urgent public concern, the prints worked to mediate a range of potentially divisive cultural, religious and class differences to create a sense of shared identity. This study explores how Westall's reassuring representations of an ostensibly contented peasantry enabled an English audience to "see" and consume the so-called "Celtic Isles, which were recognized and distinguished as separate from the English centre, had recently become a focus of picturesque tourism, at its height in the 1790s, and the prints situate the rural poor of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland according to a new conception of national identity. While effacing current challenges to existing hierarchies and accommodating regional differences, the prints, through subtle aspects of imagery, reassert the political and cultural dominance of England within a new and expanded union.
The Impact of Brazil on Global Grain Dynamics: A Study on Cross-market Volatility Spillovers
Creators: name: Avileis, Felipe Grimaldi
name: Mallory, Mindy
name: Avileis, Felipe Grimaldi
name: Mallory, Mindy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: volatility spillovers
subject: soybeans and corn
subject: multivariate GARCH
subject: market integration

description: We will investigate the evolution of the relationship between Brazilian and Global grain markets. Through a three step approach, we will test the series for cointegration, proceed with the adequate modeling (VAR or VECM) and use the residuals of these models to estimate a BEKK GARCH and relative volatility spillovers across two time periods, before and after Brazil started double-cropping. Our results indicate no significant cointegration between corn and soybeans markets before Brazil started double-cropping and significant cointegration after, for both markets. Volatility spillovers dynamics also changes, from no spillovers to spillovers from and to Brazil on corn, and from the US spilling over Brazil to Brazil spilling over to the US on soybeans. Our results are important because they show that the importance of Brazil to global grain price formation is substantial and risk managers must be aware of it in order to perform well.
Nuclear matter at finite temperature and static properties of proto-neutron star
Creators: name: Sen, Debashree
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the effective chiral model, the finite temperature properties of nuclear matter have been studied at different temperatures. For symmetric nuclear matter, I particularly focused on the possibility of liquid-gas phase transition at low temperature and density. The critical temperature obtained in this context, is consistent with the experimental and empirical findings. The free energy and entropy variations are also studied for different values of temperature. A few asymmetric nuclear matter properties like the equation of state and the speed of sound with respect to temperature are also examined. The work is also extended to obtain the equation of state of $β$ stable nuclear matter at finite temperature. For the neutrino free case, the various static proto-neutron star properties are computed for a wide range of temperature, relevant to proto-neutron stars. For all the values of temperature, the obtained estimates of maximum gravitational mass are found to be in good agreement with the observational constraints specified from massive pulsars like PSR J0348+0432 and PSR J0740+6620. The results of surface redshift for all the temperature also satisfy the maximum surface redshift constraints from EXO 07482-676, 1E 1207.4-5209 and RX J0720.4-3125.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Improved pulsating models of magnetic Ap stars I: exploring different magnetic field configurations
Creators: name: Cunha, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic perturbations to the frequencies of low degree, high radial order, axisymmetric pulsations in stellar models permeated by large scale magnetic fields are presented. Magnetic fields with dipolar, quadrupolar and a superposition of aligned dipolar and quadrupolar components are considered. The results confirm that the magnetic field may produce strong anomalies in the power spectra of roAp stars. It is shown for the first time that anomalies may result both from a sudden decrease or a sudden increase of a mode frequency. Moreover, the results indicate that the anomalies depend essentially on the geometry of the problem, i.e., on the configuration of the magnetic field and on the degree of the modes. This dependence opens the possibility of using these anomalies as a tool to learn about the magnetic field configuration in the magnetic boundary layer of pulsating stars permeated by large scale magnetic fields.
Lorentzian connections with parallel twistor-free torsion
Creators: name: Ernst, Igor
name: Galaev, Anton S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe Lorentzian manifolds that admit metric connections with parallel torsion having zero twistorial component and non-zero vectorial component. We also describe Lorentzian manifolds admitting metric connections with closed parallel skew-symmetric torsion.
description: the final version accepted for publication in Collectanea Mathematica
Probing Small-Scale Power Spectra with Pulsar Timing Arrays
Creators: name: Lee, Vincent S. H.
name: Mitridate, Andrea
name: Trickle, Tanner
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of Dark Matter (DM) can leave unique imprints on the Universe's small scale structure by boosting density perturbations on small scales. We study the capability of Pulsar Timing Arrays to search for, and constrain, subhalos from such models. The models of DM we consider are ordinary adiabatic perturbations in $Λ$CDM, QCD axion miniclusters, models with early matter domination, and vector DM produced during inflation. We show that $Λ$CDM, largely due to tidal stripping effects in the Milky Way, is out of reach for PTAs (as well as every other probe proposed to detect DM small scale structure). Axion miniclusters may be within reach, although this depends crucially on whether the axion relic density is dominated by the misalignment or string contribution. Models where there is matter domination with a reheat temperature below 1 GeV may be observed with future PTAs. Lastly, vector DM produced during inflation can be detected if it is lighter than $10^{-16} \,{\rm GeV}$. We also make publicly available a Python Monte Carlo tool for generating the PTA time delay signal from any model of DM substructure.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures
Gust front vs. non-gust front thunderstorms: An investigation into storm characteristics and environmental conditions
Creators: name: Aguilar, Theresa
name: Roberts, Rita
name: Weckwerth, Tammy
name: Stevermer, Amy
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

The development and propagation of a gust front is shown to be an integral part of a thunderstorm's life cycle in conceptual models and schematics. This outflow boundary has the potential to initiate new storms as well as inhibit or enhance existing storms. However, not every thunderstorm produces a gust front, and the reasons are not well understood. This deficit in knowledge leads to a lack of criteria for forecasting which storms will produce gust fronts that may generate new storms. Therefore, it is important to understand why some storms produce gust fronts and others do not. This study examined two ordinary thunderstorms--one gust front (GF) storm and one non-gust front (NGF) storm--during the 2002 International HâO Project (IHOP). The objective was to determine if GF and NGF storms exhibit differences in terms of storm characteristics and environmental conditions. The S-band Dual Polarization (S-Pol) Doppler radar provided measurements of reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (Zdr), and specific differential phase (Kdp) to describe each stormâs characteristics (microphysics). Standard parameters that characterized the environment were derived from soundings at different sites within S-Pol's range. Preliminary analyses indicate some similarities and differences between GF and NGF storms--more in storm characteristics (e.g., growth rate of Z, descent of 0 Zdr, strong gradients in Kdp) than in environment (e.g., nearly similar profiles). However, more storms need to be investigated to substantiate these preliminary findings, which can help improve our understanding of GF production and forecasting.
Subsystem fault tolerance with the Bacon-Shor code
Creators: name: Aliferis, Panos
name: Cross, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the presence of gauge sub-systems in the Bacon-Shor code [D. Bacon, Phys. Rev. A 73, 012340 (2006)] leads to remarkably simple and efficient methods for fault-tolerant error correction (FTEC). Most notably, FTEC does not require entangled ancillary states and it can be implemented with nearest-neighbor two-qubit measurements. By using these methods, we prove a lower bound on the quantum accuracy threshold, 1.94 \times 10^{-4} for adversarial stochastic noise, that improves previous lower bounds by nearly an order of magnitude.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. v3: small revisions, appendix moved to chapter 5 in quant-ph/0703230
Scaling Scientometrics: Dimensions on Google BigQuery as an infrastructure for large-scale analysis
Creators: name: Hook, Daniel W
name: Porter, Simon J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cloud computing has the capacity to transform many parts of the research ecosystem, from particular research areas to overall strategic decision making and policy. Scientometrics sits at the boundary between research and the decision making and evaluation processes of research. One of the biggest challenges in research policy and strategy is having access to data that allows iterative analysis to inform decisions. Many of these decisions are based on "global" measures such as benchmark metrics that are hard to source. In this article, Cloud technologies are explored in this context. A novel visualisation technique is presented and used as a means to explore the potential for scaling scientometrics by democratising both access to data and compute capacity using the Cloud.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (94)]
Creators: name: Bartholoctus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1326
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Bartholoctus, Pfalzgraf und Sohn des verstorbenen Grafen Brandalisius de Venerosis de ripa insule Suzarie et Bardine et quarte partis ciuitatis Verone, ernennt den magister Raffael, Sohn des Zamboninus de Ho und professor grammaticae aus Drizzona im Bistum Cremona, zum kaiserlichen Notar.
Method for Solving State-Path Constrained Optimal Control Problems Using Adaptive Radau Collocation
Creators: name: Byczkowski, Cale A.
name: Rao, Anil V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A new method is developed for accurately approximating the solution to state-variable inequality path constrained optimal control problems using a multiple-domain adaptive Legendre-Gauss-Radau collocation method. The method consists of the following parts. First, a structure detection method is developed to estimate switch times in the activation and deactivation of state-variable inequality path constraints. Second, using the detected structure, the domain is partitioned into multiple-domains where each domain corresponds to either a constrained or an unconstrained segment. Furthermore, additional decision variables are introduced in the multiple-domain formulation, where these additional decision variables represent the switch times of the detected active state-variable inequality path constraints. Within a constrained domain, the path constraint is differentiated with respect to the independent variable until the control appears explicitly, and this derivative is set to zero along the constrained arc while all preceding derivatives are set to zero at the start of the constrained arc. The time derivatives of the active state-variable inequality path constraints are computed using automatic differentiation and the properties of the chain rule. The method is demonstrated on two problems, the first being a benchmark optimal control problem which has a known analytical solution and the second being a challenging problem from the field of aerospace engineering in which there is no known analytical solution. When compared against previously developed adaptive Legendre-Gauss-Radau methods, the results show that the method developed in this paper is capable of computing accurate solutions to problems whose solution contain active state-variable inequality path constraints.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, February 11, 1915
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated February 11, 1915, regarding Bellevue Ranche.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 5 (220)]
Creators: name: Antoniolus De Panteliate
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1390
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Testament
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Antoniolus de Panteliate, Sohn des verstorbenen Martinus, wohnhaft bei der porta Ticinese in der parochia St. Eufemiae in Mailand, macht sein Testament.
Shear flow in a three-dimensional complex plasma in microgravity conditions
Creators: name: Nosenko, V.
name: Pustylnik, M.
name: Rubin-Zuzic, M.
name: Lipaev, A. M.
name: Zobnin, A. V.
name: Usachev, A. D.
name: Thomas, H. M.
name: Thoma, M. H.
name: Fortov, V. E.
name: Kononenko, O.
name: Ovchinin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shear flow in a three-dimensional complex plasma was experimentally studied in microgravity conditions using Plasmakristall-4 (PK-4) instrument on board the International Space Station (ISS). The shear flow was created in an extended suspension of microparticles by applying the radiation pressure force of the manipulation-laser beam. Individual particle trajectories in the flow were analyzed and from these, using the Navier-Stokes equation, an upper estimate of the complex plasma's kinematic viscosity was calculated in the range of $0.2$--$6.7~{\rm mm^2/s}$. This estimate is much lower than previously reported in ground-based experiments with 3D complex plasmas. Possible reasons of this difference are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
RNA-Seq based custom SNP array for Marker Assisted Selection in potato breeding
Creators: name: Zych, Konrad
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Background
The cultivated potato is one of the most important food crops. Unfortunately, potato breeding is slow and troublesome. This could be solved by implementing Marker Assisted Selection (MAS). MAS postulates using genetic markers in place of classical phenotypes for selection purposes. This allows investigating traits of interest on seedling stage, saving time, workload and surface needed to breed new cultivars.

MAS is not yet fully realized in potato breeding. The main obstacle is the lack of genomics resources caused by complex genetics of tetraploid potato. In our study we address those shortcomings.

Results
We generated a population of tetraploid potato, consisting of a large bi-parental cross (1000 clones) and a panel of cultivars and breeding clones (200). Together with a diploid cross (200) it forms a unique resource for genomics studies.

In order to discover SNPs with the highest chance to segregate in our population, we performed RNA-Seq on samples from parents of the cross. The best 60 000 of those SNPs were used for custom SNP array. This is one of very few SNP arrays optimized for tetraploid potato.

We genotyped our population using this custom array. Genotype calling was performed with the fitTetra software. Since genotype calling in tetraploids is an extremely challenging task, we updated the software to assure the best performance.

We verified quality of genotypes with SNP calls from parental RNA-Seq data and genotypes produced with commercially available potato SNP array.

Conclusions
We constructed a custom SNP array and used it to genotype largest-to-date experimental population of tetraploid potato. Together with the follow up association studies it will bring MAS one step closer to reality in potato breeding.

Our results clearly show that tailoring an array for population under study results in much higher numbers and quality of genotyped SNPs. Description of the methods and tools used in this study as well as new version of the fitTetra software will soon become openly available. This will facilitate future genomics studies in potato and other polyploids.
First principles calculation of spin-interactions and magnetic ground states of Cr trimers on Au(111)
Creators: name: Antal, A.
name: Lazarovits, B.
name: Udvardi, L.
name: Szunyogh, L.
name: Újfalussy, B.
name: Weinberger, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of the magnetic ground states of Cr trimers in different geometries on top of a Au(111) surface. By using a least square fit method based on a fully relativistic embedded-cluster Green's function method first we determined the parameters of a classical vector-spin model consisting of second and fourth order interactions. The newly developed method requires no symmetry constraints, therefore, it is throughout applicable for small nanoparticles of arbitrary geometry. The magnetic ground states were then found by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations. In all considered cases the configurational energy of the Cr trimers is dominated by large antiferromagnetic nearest neighbor interactions, whilst biquadratic spin-interactions have the second largest contributions to the energy. We find that an equilateral Cr trimer exhibits a frustrated 120$^\circ$ Néel type of ground state with a small out-of-plane component of the magnetization and we show that the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions determine the chirality of the magnetic ground state. In cases of a linear chain and an isosceles trimer collinear antiferromagnetic ground states are obtained with a magnetization lying parallel to the surface.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Directional qRNA-Seq: combining the power of stranded RNA-Seq with the quantitative precision of molecular labels
Creators: name: Obermoeller, Dawn
name: Hrdlickov, Radmila
name: Jiri Nehyba
name: Morris, Adam
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: RNA-Seq is a powerful tool for transcriptome analysis. However, data generated from standard RNA-Seq protocols lack two important pieces of information about RNA expression – the DNA strand from which RNA transcripts were derived and the precise abundance of those transcripts. Here, we describe the development of a unique quantitative directional RNA-Seq protocol with companion analytical software. With over 80% of the genome transcribed non-uniformly, our human transcriptome is ultimately complex, within which ncRNAs play major roles in precise regulation of transcriptional and/or translational events. Although ncRNAs can be readily detected by Next Generation Sequencing, it is still difficult to determine from which strand they were derived, especially in non-spliced transcripts. The quantification of transcript abundance is another challenge in RNA-Seq. Gene expression is typically measured as the proportion of reads mapped to the transcript among all mapped reads. PCR amplification, however, introduces bias as some fragments are preferentially amplified, so that the relative abundance of the transcripts in the original RNA sample is not faithfully reproduced in sequencing reads. Here we present effective solutions to both RNA strand ID and quantification. To enable stranded RNA-Seq, dUTPs are incorporated during second strand synthesis, followed by degradation of this strand by uracil-glycosylase prior to PCR amplification. To correct amplification bias, we randomly ligate 96 Molecular Labels (STL) to both ends of each cDNA fragment prior to PCR amplification, allowing for 9,216 unique combinations. For the deconvolution of unique read fragments, we developed a special script which generates total read pairs per transcript after STL and transcript start/stop correction. This new quantitative gene expression method combines stranded selection with unique Molecular Labeling based fragment calls, offering biologists a new tool to carry out precision RNA biology.
Combining Electron-Phonon and Dynamical Mean-Field Theory Calculations of Correlated Materials: Transport in the Correlated Metal Sr$_2$RuO$_4$
Creators: name: Abramovitch, David J.
name: Zhou, Jin-Jian
name: Mravlje, Jernej
name: Georges, Antoine
name: Bernardi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron-electron ($e$-$e$) and electron-phonon ($e$-ph) interactions are challenging to describe in correlated materials, where their joint effects govern unconventional transport, phase transitions, and superconductivity. Here we combine first-principles $e$-ph calculations with dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) as a step toward a unified description of $e$-$e$ and $e$-ph interactions in correlated materials. We compute the $e$-ph self-energy using the DMFT electron Green's function, and combine it with the $e$-$e$ self-energy from DMFT to obtain a Green's function including both interactions. This approach captures the renormalization of quasiparticle dispersion and spectral weight on equal footing. Using our method, we study the $e$-ph and $e$-$e$ contributions to the resistivity and spectral functions in the correlated metal Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. In this material, our results show that $e$-$e$ interactions dominate transport and spectral broadening in the temperature range we study (50$-$310~K), while $e$-ph interactions are relatively weak and account for only $\sim$10\% of the experimental resistivity. We also compute effective scattering rates, and find that the $e$-$e$ interactions result in scattering several times greater than the Planckian value $k_BT$, whereas $e$-ph interactions are associated with scattering rates lower than $k_BT$. Our work demonstrates a first-principles approach to combine electron dynamical correlations from DMFT with $e$-ph interactions in a consistent way, advancing quantitative studies of correlated materials.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. This revision has been accepted in PR Materials
Satellite Observations of NO₂ and CO
Creators: name: Detweiler, Raymond
name: Massie, Steven
name: Worden, Helen
name: Hansen, Josephine
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2011

Data were obtained from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) instrument on the European Remote Sensing 2 (ERS-2) satellite and from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) on the European Space Agency’s Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) to construct a time series of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) column measurements over the Eastern U.S., Western Europe, Japan, Eastern China, and India for the period 1996-2010. Data from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument aboard the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) platform were obtained to construct a time series of both column and surface carbon monoxide (CO) over the same areas for the period 2002-2010. A decrease in NO₂ was found over the Eastern U.S. and Western Europe. The values from Western Europe and Japan remained almost constant, and the values from China showed a rapid increase. CO trends were expected to be similar since the two pollutants share many common sources, but in fact both the column and surface CO observations trended downward for each of the regions. The decreasing trend was especially pronounced over Eastern China, which was also the only area that exhibited a concurrent increase in NO₂ emissions. It was found that changing fuel use in the residential sector may be the principal driver behind the observed drop in CO emissions.
Open-Loop Control in Quantum Optics: Two-Level Atom in Modulated Optical Field
Creators: name: Saifullah
name: Borisenok, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The methods of mathematical control theory are widely used in the modern physics, but still they are less popular in quantum science. We will discuss the aspects of control theory, which are the most useful in applications to the real problems of quantum optics. We apply this technique to control the behavior of the two-level quantum particles (atoms) in the modulated external optical field in the frame of the so called "semi classical model", where quantum two-level atomic system (all other levels are neglected) interacts with classical electromagnetic field. In this paper we propose a simple model of feedforward (open-loop) control for the quantum particle system, which is a basement for further investigation of two-level quantum particle in the external one-dimensional optical field.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure