cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The evolution of neutrino masses and mixings in the 5D MSSM
Creators: name: Cornell, A. S.
name: Deandrea, Aldo
name: Liu, Lu-Xin
name: Tarhini, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a five-dimensional Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model compactified on a S1/Z2 orbifold, and study the evolution of neutrino masses, mixing angles and phases for different values of tan beta and different radii of compactification. We consider the usual four dimensional Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model limit plus two extra-dimensional scenarios: where all matter superfields can propagate in the bulk, and where they are constrained to the brane. We discuss in both cases the evolution of the mass spectrum, the implications for the mixing angles and the phases. We find that a large variation for the Dirac phase is possible, which makes models predicting maximal leptonic CP violation especially appealing.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Supporting Urban Energy Efficiency With A Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) System: A Calgary Case Study
Creators: name: Abdulkarim, Bilal
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geography
subject: Remote Sensing
subject: Energy
subject: Volunteered Geographic Information
subject: Geoweb
subject: Google Maps API
subject: HEAT Scores
subject: Urban Energy Efficiency
subject: Emissivity

description: The Heat Energy Assessment Technologies (HEAT) project uses high-resolution airborne thermal imagery, GIS cadastral data, and Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) to allow the citizens of Calgary, Alberta, Canada to visualize the amount and location of waste heat leaving their houses, communities, and the city. This information is presented to them in an interactive and multi-scale Geoweb application with three energy efficiency feedback solutions: (i) HEAT Scores, (ii) Hot Spots, and (iii) Estimated Savings – that help residents reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and save their money. To ensure the accuracy of these measures, the correct emissivity of roof materials needs to be known. However, roof material information is not readily available in the Canadian public domain. To overcome this challenge, a new and unique Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) system was developed using Google Street View and Google Satellite data that engages citizens to classify the roof materials of single dwelling residences in a simple and intuitive manner. Since data credibility, quality, and accuracy are major concerns when using VGI, a private Multiple Listing Services (MLS) dataset was used for cross-verification. Results show that from May-November 2013, 1,244 volunteers from 85 cities and 14 countries classified 1,815 roofs in the study area. Additional analysis reveals (i) a 72% match between the VGI and MLS data, and (ii) in the majority of cases, roofs with greater than, or equal to 5 contributions have the same material defined in both datasets. These results demonstrate that citizens are engaged in correctly classifying the roof materials of houses, and implementing changes to the HEAT VGI system based on feedback from volunteers can further improve data quality and increase participation. Furthermore, to the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first time that Google Street View has been used for classifying roof materials, or has been implemented in the domain of VGI. By building on the lessons learned and the success of this research, we suggest that similar VGI systems may be implemented to create new geo-information in support of urban energy efficiency.
Decay of dissipative equations and negative Sobolev spaces
Creators: name: Guo, Yan
name: Wang, Yanjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general energy method for proving the optimal time decay rates of the solutions to the dissipative equations in the whole space. Our method is applied to classical examples such as the heat equation, the compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the Boltzmann equation. In particular, the optimal decay rates of the higher-order spatial derivatives of solutions are obtained. The negative Sobolev norms are shown to be preserved along time evolution and enhance the decay rates. We use a family of scaled energy estimates with minimum derivative counts and interpolations among them without linear decay analysis.
Coffee constituents and modulation of antioxidant status in Caco-2 cells
Creators: name: Liu, Yazheng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Coffee contains biologically active components which may affect chronic disease risk. These biologically active components include caffeine, cafestol and kahweol, and antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) that are generated during roasting. Although MRPs are regarded as being the most abundant group of antioxidants present in coffee, the mechanism underlying the antioxidant effects of coffee MRPs in both in vitro and in biological systems has yet to be elucidated. In this study, the in vitro antioxidant properties of roasted and non-roasted coffee extracts (Coffea arabica L.) were tested using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and reducing power assays. MRPs were shown to be the prevailing antioxidants in roasted coffee extracts. The mechanisms of the antioxidant action associated with coffee MRPs involve the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism and the single electron transfer (SET) mechanism. The biological effects of MRPs derived from coffee extracts on the enzymatic antioxidant defense in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells were also investigated. No induction of antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were observed in Caco-2 cells after exposure to coffee MRPs, except for an increased glutathione peroxidase activity after 24 h exposure. In contrast, significantly decreased activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and a reduced glutathione content were observed in Caco-2 cells after treatment with coffee MRPs (p<0.05). The antioxidant gene expression profile in Caco-2 cells after coffee treatment was further investigated using a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) array technology. Results demonstrated that roasted coffee extracts induced the expression of specific antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven genes in Caco-2 cells, thus enhancing cellular endogenous defense systems. This is the first report of the molecular mechanism underlying the antioxidant effect of coffee in Caco-2 cells. Hydrogen peroxide generated in the cell culture system as a consequence of coffee exposure, may serve as a signaling molecule that is involved in the gene regulatory effect associated with coffee extracts.
Kinematic forward modeling and interpretation of faults in 3D seismic reflection data
Creators: name: Alarfaj, Mohammed
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The geometry of an active fault onshore Taranaki Peninsula, New Zealand was evaluated from a 3D seismic reflection volume. The geologic history of Taranaki Basin explains the complex tectonic-related deformation in the subsurface. Interpretation of the studied 3D seismic volume shows clearly imaged normal faults dominating the shallow structure, faults at deep reflections are poorly imaged. Interpretation of the seismic data also reveals possible gas flow associated with permeable normal faults. Analysis of seismic attributes helps in detecting the gas presence along faults in the subsurface. Kinematic forward models were constructed in this study to predict the active fault geometry at depth where it may not be very visible. The models are based on concepts of extensional fault-bend folding and were constructed to resolve geometric ambiguities in the interpreted volume. The modeled major fault in this study has a flat-ramp-flat geometry which cuts through the basement at depth.
Eucalypt susceptibility towards the invasive Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) in South Africa
Creators: name: Bush, Samantha J
name: Slippers, Bernard
name: Hurley, Brett P
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is a eucalypt feeder native to Australia. Infestations of G. brimblecombei can cause leaf wilt, dieback and death in weak or severely infested plants. In many countries where G. brimblecombei has been introduced, patterns of susceptibility of different Eucalyptus hosts have been observed or tested. However, these host susceptibilities are not always comparable between countries due to the different composition of species planted, and the possible influence of the different environments on host susceptibility. We investigated the patterns of host susceptibility of 28 commercial eucalypt varieties in South Africa by comparing the number of early and late instar nymphs, using both choice and no choice tests. We also examined the possible influence of leaf colour on susceptibility, following a previous report that G. brimblecombei preferred red to other colours. Our study confirmed the susceptibility of specific varieties towards G. brimblecombei, in particular Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill × Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. One of the least and one of the most susceptible eucalypts had almost identical wavelengths, indicating that leaf colour, with particular reference to red, is unlikely to play a role in host plant selection.
The Mountaineering Experience: Determining the Critical Factors and Assessing Management Practices
Creators: name: Benjamin, Mary Wilder
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Recreation
subject: Mountaineering
subject: Recreation experience
subject: Parks and protected area management
subject: Visitor experience
subject: Wilderness resource management
subject: Adventure recreation
subject: Ethnography
subject: phenomenology
subject: Interdisciplinary research
subject: Canadian Rocky Mountains
subject: Cairngorms National Park
subject: European Alps

description: Recreational mountaineering is a complex pursuit that continues to evolve with respect to demographics, participant numbers, methods, equipment, and the nature of the experience sought. The activity often occurs in protected areas where agency managers are charged with the inherently conflicting mandate of protecting the natural environment and facilitating high quality recreational experiences. Effective management of such mountaineering environs is predicated on meaningful understanding of the users’ motivations, expectations and behaviours. This research explores the mountaineering experience through content analysis of mountaineering literature and key informant interviews to identify the critical factors that constitute optimal outcomes. These factors, the 7Cs of the Mountaineering Experience, provide the means to assess how management practices in the Canadian Rockies, Scottish Highlands and European Alps facilitate or hinder the mountaineering experience. Research results inform unique, visitor experience-based recommendations for improved management of mountaineering in the Canadian Mountain National Parks.
The free energy of NOAA active region AR 11029
Creators: name: Gilchrist, S. A.
name: Wheatland, M. S.
name: Leka, K. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NOAA active region AR 11029 was a small but highly active sunspot region which produced 73 GOES soft X-ray flares. The flares appear to show a departure from the well known power-law frequency-size distribution. Specifically, too few GOES C-class and no M-class flares were observed by comparison with a power-law distribution (Wheatland in Astrophys. J. 710, 1324, 2010). This was conjectured to be due to the region having insufficient magnetic energy to power large events. We construct nonlinear force-free extrapolations of the coronal magnetic field of active region AR 11029 using data taken on 24 October by the SOLIS Vector-SpectroMagnetograph (SOLIS/VSM), and data taken on 27 October by the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope SpectroPolarimeter (Hinode/SP). Force-free modeling with photospheric magnetogram data encounters problems because the magnetogram data are inconsistent with a force-free model, and we employ a recently developed `self-consistency' procedure which addresses this and accommodates uncertainties in the boundary data (Wheatland and Regnier in Astrophys. J. 700, L88, 2009). We calculate the total energy and free energy of the self-consistent solution and find that the free energy was 4x10^29 erg on 24 October, and 7x10^31 erg on 27 October. An order of magnitude scaling between RHESSI non-thermal energy and GOES peak X-ray flux is established from a sample of flares from the literature and is used to estimate flare energies from observed GOES peak X-ray flux. Based on the scaling, we conclude that the estimated free energy of AR 11029 on 27 October when the flaring rate peaked is sufficient to power M-class or X-class flares, and hence the modeling does not appear to support the hypothesis that the absence of large flares is due to the region having limited energy.
description: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Additional file 1 of Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication evaluated using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging in mixed-type early gastric Cancer
Creators: name: Tokai, Yoshitaka
name: Horiuchi, Yusuke
name: Yamamoto, Noriko
name: Namikawa, Ken
name: Yoshimizu, Shoichi
name: Ishiyama, Akiyoshi
name: Yoshio, Toshiyuki
name: Hirasawa, Toshiaki
name: Fujisaki, Junko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOR THE EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN THROUGH PLAY
Creators: name: Mamayusupov, Otabek
name: Qodirova, Barnoxon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Preschool education is an educational organization that has an important responsibility for raising children as a mature developed person and comprehensively developing the young generation of knowledge and values that determine the whole future of the child. The game is the main activity of children of preschool age , through which the child is formed as a person.
The Evaluation of an Internet-based Self-Directed Motivational Enhancement Intervention for Problem and Pathological Gamblers
Creators: name: Swan, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Psychology--Clinical
subject: Problem gambling
subject: motivational interviewing
subject: internet-based interventions

description: This study compared an Internet-based adaptation of a brief intervention for gamblers using Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles to an online screener and feedback program. Moderate-risk and problem gamblers were recruited from cities and communities across Canada; recruitment is ongoing and interim analyses were conducted on the data available to date. Participants (N = 40) completed a telephone interview and were randomized to complete either the motivational enhancement intervention or the online screener and feedback program. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted at 1 and 3 months post-intervention. While the current study found no advantage for the motivational intervention, participants in both conditions reported decreases in days and dollars lost gambling, problem gambling severity, and increases in readiness to change over the short-term follow-up period. The observed results are discussed with respect to limitations and implications for future research.
Meritocracia en la escuela (EDUMER): Fundamentos morales del mercado educativo y sus implicancias para la formación ciudadana en Chile
Creators: name: Castillo, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sociology of inequalities

description: Una de las características de Chile como caso de estudio a nivel internacional son las desigualdades en logro académico. Estas desigualdades en la etapa escolar han sido asociadas a la privatización/comodificación del sistema educacional Chileno, que desde las reformas neoliberales implementadas durante y desde la dictadura han profundizado políticas basadas en subsidio a privados, incentivos al logro, competencia, selección y segregación (Corvalán, Carrasco y García-Huidobro, 2017; Valenzuela, Bellei y de los Rios, 2013). Basándose en conceptos y evidencias de la sociología económica y de la educación, este proyecto aborda las percepciones y valoraciones de estudiantes de ciclo básico y medio en relación a aspectos específicos del mercado educativo vinculados a meritocracia, como son la selección, la competencia y el esfuerzo individual. Junto a ello, este proyecto pone énfasis en las posibles contradicciones existentes entre la valoración de aspectos meritocráticos individuales y el énfasis en normas colectivas y de cohesión social que caracterizan a la formación ciudadana (Cox & Castillo, 2015; Resh & Sabbagh, 2013, 2017). El proyecto contempla en sus primer año una fase cualitativa de entrevistas y grupos de discusión abarcando profesores, familias y estudiantes. Los años posteriores se enfocarán en el desarrollo del estudio panel ​ “Justicia educacional y ciudadanía”​ , que seguirá durante tres años a cohortes de 6to, 8vo y 2do medio de 30 escuelas del país.
Phase transition close to room temperature in BiFeO3 thin films
Creators: name: Kreisel, J.
name: Jadhav, P.
name: Chaix-Pluchery, O.
name: Varela, M.
name: Dix, N.
name: Sanchez, F.
name: Fontcuberta, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BiFeO3 (BFO) multiferroic oxide has a complex phase diagram that can be mapped by appropriately substrate-induced strain in epitaxial films. By using Raman spectroscopy, we conclusively show that films of the so-called supertetragonal T-BFO phase, stabilized under compressive strain, displays a reversible temperature-induced phase transition at about 100\circ, thus close to room temperature.
description: accepted in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (Fast Track Communication)
Pheromones as management tools for non-Scolytinae Curculionidae: development and implementation considerations
Creators: name: Luki-Marie Scheepers
name: Allison, Jeremy D
name: Bouwer, Marc C
name: Rohwer, Egmont R
name: Slippers, Bernard
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: For the large family Curculionidae, the number of species considered pests is expected to increase due to global movement of plant and soil material, as well as climate change. Pheromones are increasingly popular for use in pest management programmes, either as stand-alone tactics or with other management tactics. Biological differences between Curculionidae species often require species-specific optimization of methodologies to successfully collect, identify and integrate pheromones into management programmes. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on non-Scolytinae Curculionidae pheromones and their use in strategies to manage these insects where they are pests. Throughout, we highlight the importance of understanding the chemical ecology of target pests and related species to direct pheromone sampling and the development of pheromone-based management tactics.
Additional file 1 of Case-mix adjustments for patient reported experience and outcome measures in primary care: an empirical approach to identify patient characteristics as case-mix adjusters based on a secondary analysis of an international survey among patients and their general practitioners in 34 countries
Creators: name: Groenewegen, Peter P.
name: Spreeuwenberg, Peter
name: Leyland, Alastair H.
name: de Boer, Dolf
name: Boerma, Wienke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Tables.
A general theorem on local parts of hidden variable models
Creators: name: Ghirardi, GianCarlo
name: Romano, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend to any maximally entangled state of a bipartite system whose constituents are arbitrarily (but finite) dimensional the result, recently derived for two-dimensional constituents, that hidden variable theories cannot have local parts, i.e., that their local averages cannot differ from the quantum mechanical ones.
description: 5 pages, submitted for publication
Quantitative Cerebrovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: MacDonald, Matthew Ethan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: Engineering--Biomedical

description: This thesis explores quantitative cerebrovascular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, a broad topic, with the aim of providing relevant numerical values associated with blood flow through the brain. Anatomy, pathology and basic angiography methods were reviewed. Several other MR imaging methods for obtaining cerebrovascular measurements are reviewed. Exploration of the lowest achievable variance with MR imaging was undertaken through simulation using a digital brain phantom. A phantom was constructed from a healthy human brain data set using advanced methodologies to yield volumes of MR parameters (i.e., coil sensitivity, B0, B1, M0, T1, T2, T2*, and magnetic susceptibility). The digital brain phantom was then used to simulate the MR acquisition process and generate images, in order to determine the minimal achievable variance as a function of coil profile distortion. It was found that the degree of coil correlation could affect the lowest achievable variance by up to 2× to 3× over practical ranges. The focus of the experimental chapters is on phase contrast velocity mapping and metrics that can be derived from velocity maps, such as: peak velocity, volume flow rate, and intravascular pressure. Prospective imaging was performed on healthy humans, and eight patients (five cerebral aneurysms and three arteriovenous malformations). A case study of a giant cerebral aneurysm was explored in greater detail, and stent treatment was shown to reduce flow asymmetry. Peak velocity and volume flow rate was determined for vessels in the normal brain. Bootstrapping is performed to assert that group-wise measurements are representative of the broader population and flow laterality is examined. Significant flow asymmetry was found between several paired vessel segments. Flow in the patients was imaged, and derived metrics were compared to the healthy cohort. Patients with aneurysm were found to have significantly lower flow in vessels distal to the aneurysm, while arteriovenious malformation patients were found to have significantly higher flow in vessels supplying the nidus.
title: A Chromatic Approach To Fatigue Risk Quantification In The Workplace
Creators: name: Merriman, Jacob
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Surgeons work around the clock with on-call hours leading to working overtime. Additionally, long hours with constant interruptions, complex patient care needs and draining emotional interactions with patients and families contribute to work-related fatigue. Numerous studies have made countless efforts to mitigate the effects of fatigue on ICU personnel, however, there is very little scientific proof to suggest these conclusions work. There is a lack of non-invasive technology that can monitor fatigue detection in the workplace, without the use of questionnaires. An advisory system is developed to predict the onset of fatigue in shift workers, namely surgeons, to offer strategic implementations of breaks to mitigate the beginning of potential errors that are made in the workplace. Using chromatic data processing, this thesis describes the development of an algorithm based on physiological and systematic indicators of fatigue. The physiological factors are derived from an understanding of the predicted Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) in shift workers through a pilot study, sleep quality the previous night and Heart Rate Variability. The systematic measures consider the effect of time-on-shift. The time-on-shift element may be modified with break opportunities or frequency-domain HRV measures and activity levels, which are shown to reduce the KSS scale in this work. The algorithm(s) described produce a strong correlation against KSS scores, thus mitigating the need for surgeons to fill out questionnaires on shift. They demonstrate high accuracy at predicting fatigue levels and trigger accurate alarms, alerting the user to take a break when appropriate.
Problem gambling risk factors in internet and non-internet gamblers
Creators: name: MacKay, Terri-Lynn
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Gambling

description: The purpose of this research was to explore differences between online and land-based gamblers to determine whether differences in problem gambling risk factors could account for the higher rates of pathological gambling observed in online gamblers. The primary focus of study 1 was to investigate factors known to be associated with problem gambling severity to determine whether these variables are associated with Internet gambling. An additional focus was to investigate whether online gamblers initiate and maintain their gambling through the Internet or whether they are land-based gamblers seeking a new forum. Three hundred and seventy four undergraduates completed an online questionnaire looking at demographic, cognitive, psychological, dispositional and medium related factors. The results of a logistic regression analysis revealed that online gamblers were less likely to be Caucasian, were more likely to engage in range of gambling activities and have more gambling-related cognitive distortions. The results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that frequency of play and distorted gambling cognitions were independent predictors of problem gambling severity among Internet gamblers. The majority of online gamblers also wagered in land-based formats, with less than 3% reporting that their first gambling experience occurred online. The purpose of study 2 was to investigate the role of cognitions to determine whether online gamblers were distorting aspects of play. Two hundred and seventy eight poker players completed 75 hands of Texas Hold’em against an automated computer opponent. The results of study 2 revealed that Internet gamblers perceived themselves to be more skilled and exhibited higher levels of gambling related cognitive distortions when compared to non-Internet gamblers, despite showing no superiority in actual ability. Based on the findings, consideration should be given to the influence of the Internet on heavily involved gamblers. This study has implications for understanding howthe Internet influences gambling behaviour in order to effectively create appropriate prevention and treatment initiatives. This study also has implications for substantiating a psychosocial approach to online gambling to inform public policy decisions in the future.
The structures and total (minor + major) merger histories of massive galaxies up to z = 3 in the HST GOODS NICMOS Survey: A possible solution to the size evolution problem
Creators: name: Bluck, Asa F. L.
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Buitrago, Fernando
name: Gruetzbauch, Ruth
name: Hoyos, Carlos
name: Mortlock, Alice
name: Bauer, Amanda E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the total major (> 1:4 by stellar mass) and minor (> 1:100 by stellar mass) merger history of a population of 80 massive (M_* > 10^11 M_sol) galaxies at high redshifts (z = 1.7 - 3). We utilize extremely deep and high resolution HST H-band imaging from the GOODS NICMOS Survey (GNS), which corresponds to rest-frame optical wavelengths at the redshifts probed. We find that massive galaxies at high redshifts are often morphologically disturbed, with a CAS deduced merger fraction f_m = 0.23 +/- 0.05 at z = 1.7 - 3. We find close accord between close pair methods (within 30 kpc apertures) and CAS methods for deducing major merger fractions at all redshifts. We deduce the total (minor + major) merger history of massive galaxies with M_* > 10^9 M_sol galaxies, and find that this scales roughly linearly with log-stellar-mass and magnitude range. We test our close pair methods by utilizing mock galaxy catalogs from the Millennium Simulation. We compute the total number of mergers to be (4.5 +/- 2.9) / from z = 3 to the present, to a stellar mass sensitivity threshold of ~ 1:100 (where τ_m is the merger timescale in Gyr which varies as a function of mass). This corresponds to an average mass increase of (3.4 +/- 2.2) x 10^11 M_sol over the past 11.5 Gyrs due to merging. We show that the size evolution observed for these galaxies may be mostly explained by this merging.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, re-submitted to ApJ after a positive referee report, originally submitted on Sept 20 2011
Iron Deficiency as a Flag for the Female Athlete Triad
Creators: name: Friday, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Writing Flag Award
Female athlete Triad (Triad)
low-iron status
low EA
female athletes

description: The female athlete Triad (Triad) is defined as low energy availability (low EA) with or without an eating disorder, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD). On average, 78% of female athletes display at least one Triad component, 27% exhibit two components, and 16% exhibit all three components. Although prevalence in this population is high, the Triad is often undiagnosed. If left untreated, the Triad can lead to long-term health consequences such as osteoporosis, impaired fertility, arrhythmias, and hormone dysfunction. The severe health consequences associated with untreated Triad symptoms give reason to explore improved Triad screening techniques. Recent studies have suggested that low-iron status may serve as an objective clinical marker for low EA, the main driver of the Triad. Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in athletes, with female athletes at an even higher risk due to monthly menstruation. Iron deficiency may serve as a proxy for low EA in female athletes, assisting in the diagnosis of the Triad. A search for recent literature regarding the Triad and iron status was conducted on the search engine PubMed.gov using the search terms Triad, iron, anemia, low EA, and female athletes. This is a review of three papers that examines the possible relationship between the Triad and low-iron status. Dellavalle, et al. (2022) studied the potential link between iron depletion without anemia (IDNA) and performance in a cohort of 165 female rowers from 5 universities. Rowers with normal iron status trained 10 mins longer per day on average and had a higher VO2 max. Serum ferritin (Sfer) and training group were positively related to VO2 max. The relationship between rowers' iron status and endurance performance varied depending on their training load. IDNA may prevent rowers from training as hard. Finn, et al. (2022) investigated whether markers of low-iron status could be related to Triad risk factors in a cohort of 239 female National Collegiate Division I athletes. Every Triad risk component (excluding delayed menarche) was associated with low-iron status. Lean/endurance athletes were more likely to have low-iron status than other athlete types. Hooper, et al. (2021) tracked a population of female collegiate runners from pre-cross-country season (Pre XC) to post-cross-country season (Post XC) and pre-track season (Pre Track). They concluded that changes observed with low EA may be complex and impossible to evaluate with a single biomarker such as iron. This study shows the potential ability of reduced resting metabolic rate (RMR) to detect concerns related to the Triad. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether low EA is the driver of low-iron status and thus could be used as an objective marker for the Triad in female athletes.
When a Muon Is Not a Muon--- Detecting Fast Long-Lived Charged Particles from Cascade Decays Using a Mass Scan
Creators: name: Galon, Iftah
name: Shadmi, Yael
name: Tarboush, Shahrazad
name: Tarem, Shlomit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If produced at the LHC, long-lived charged particles (LLCPs) would leave tracks in the muon detector. Time-of-Flight based methods for detecting these particles become less efficient if the LLCPs are fast, which would typically be the case if they are produced in the decays of some mother particle which is either heavy or very boosted. Thus for example, in supersymmetric models with long-lived sleptons, the long-lived sleptons produced in neutralino decays are often fast, with beta above 0.95 even at a 7 TeV LHC. We propose to use the (mis-measured) invariant mass distribution of "muon"-lepton pairs, where the "muon" could be a slepton LLCP, to detect it. This distribution peaks somewhat below the neutralino mass. The peak can be further enhanced by evaluating the distribution for different values of candidate "muon" masses. We simulate two GMSB-like models to show that this procedure can be used to detect the long-lived sleptons and measure both their mass and the neutralino mass.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures
SHAPING HEALTH IN THE PUPILS OF THE SENIOR AND PREPARATORY GROUP OF THE PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Creators: name: Raximova, Dilorom
name: Jumayeva, Diloromxon
name: Muhammadjonova, Rayxona
name: Mahmudjonova, Marjona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: It is necessary to strengthen the focus on physical education and sports if we define the formation of a healthy lifestyle, health and health improvement as a forward task. Effective carrying out of the elements of shaping a healthy lifestyle is essential to start with MTTS.
Comparison of Atom Interferometers and Light Interferometers as Space-Based Gravitational Wave Detectors
Creators: name: Baker, John G.
name: Thorpe, James Ira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of proposed gravitational wave detectors based on multiple atomic interferometers separated by large baselines and referenced by common laser systems. We compute the sensitivity limits of these detectors due to intrinsic phase noise of the light sources, non-inertial motion of the light sources, and atomic shot noise and compare them to sensitivity limits for traditional light interferometers. We find that atom interferometers and light interferometers are limited in a nearly identical way by intrinsic phase noise and that both require similar mitigation strategies (e.g. multiple arm instruments) to reach interesting sensitivities. The sensitivity limit from motion of the light sources is slightly different and favors the atom interferometers in the low-frequency limit, although the limit in both cases is severe.
description: to be submitted to Physical Review Letters
Writing for the (Virtual) Other: Bakhtin and the Pragmatics of Writing in the Foreign Language Classroom
Creators: name: Strickland, Brandee
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education--Bilingual and Multicultural
subject: Education--Language and Literature
subject: Language--Modern
subject: Bakhtin
subject: Computer Mediated Communication
subject: Spanish
subject: L2 writing
subject: Computer Assisted Language Learning

description: The main goal of this study is to explore practical implications of socially-based theories of language and writing, especially those of M.M. Bakhtin, within university second and foreign language classrooms. Specifically, I explore how these socially-based understandings might inspire computer-mediated communication (CMC) intercultural exchanges as a support in the development of L2 writing. I begin by examining the impact that socially-based theories of language, first posited within early Soviet Russia and later within the disciplines of sociolinguistics and pragmatics in the West, have had on the discipline of language teaching. I argue that that impact has been unfortunately limited. Later, I describe conceptualizations of L2 writing, positing that socially-based theories could lead to deeper understandings of what writing is and how it is developed. Finally, I explore the use of technologies within language classrooms and how these have been used thus far to support writing. Finally, I describe and present the results of two online intercultural exchanges inspired by socially-based theories, implemented within university classrooms. Two groups of Spanish language learners in Canada interacted through CMC with English language learners in Chile over the course of a university semester, through a bilingual blog and Dropbox to share a piece of writing for peer review. The data for this study include the transcripts of their writing in English and Spanish in the blog; the rough, corrected and final drafts of their essays; and responses to surveys and interviews. Drawing especially on Bakhtin’s theories, I use a qualitative approach to analyze the data, identifying instances of intertextual contact and the passing back and forth of language across the students’ messages. In my findings I suggest that intercultural CMC exchange offers positive conditions for the sharing of language, which can lead to contexualized learning of new items of language and the creation of intertextually richer student compositions in the L2.
Additional file 1 of Impact of population structure in the estimation of recent historical effective population size by the software GONE
Creators: name: Novo, Irene
name: Ordás, Pilar
name: Moraga, Natalia
name: Santiago, Enrique
name: Quesada, Humberto
name: Caballero, Armando
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Estimates of the historical effective population size (Ne) obtained by the software GONE for a synthetic population. The synthetic population was generated t generations ago (a and e t = 5, b and f t = 10, c and g t = 20, d and h t = 50) from the mixture of two populations which diverged T generations ago from an ancestral population. The expected Ne from the variance of the progeny number (Exp NeVk) is shown as a black dotted line. Before mixing, the expected NeVk is the sum for all populations (2000). After mixing, the expected NeVk = 100 for a–d, and 1000 for e–h. The sample size at generation zero is 100 individuals. Figure S2. Analysis of population structuring obtained with the software STRUCTURE for a replicate of the scenarios shown in Fig. 3. The scenario corresponds to a population subdivided into two subpopulations of size N = 1000 each with continuous migration between them and a reciprocal migration rate m per generation. The 100 individuals analysed are sampled from the two subpopulations (half of each), and refer to the cases with migration rates per generation Nm = 1 (a), 2 (b), 5 (c), 10 (d), 20 (e), and 1 (m = 0.01 every 10 generations) (f). Figure S3. Principal component analysis of the analysed individuals corresponding to a simulated replicate of the scenario in Fig. 3, regarding two subpopulations run with continuous reciprocal migration between them at a rate m per generation. Graphs (a–d): representation of the two main principal components for each of the scenarios. The circles show the groups of individuals recognised as belonging to each of the two subpopulations. Graphs (e–g): estimates of the historical effective population size (Ne) obtained by the software GONE considering only the group of individuals ascribed to a single subpopulation (a–c). The black dotted line shows the expected Ne from the variance of progeny number (NeVk) of the subpopulation. Figure S4. Analysis of population structuring obtained with the software STRUCTURE for a replicate of the scenario of a closed population. The closed population had N = 1000 individuals carrying a large chromosomal inversion at an intermediate frequency (corresponding to the red line of panel (a) in Fig. 6). The graph shows the 100 sampled individuals that are carriers of the inversion or non-carriers (green or red), as well as the heterozygous individuals for the inversion (bars with both colours).
The starburst-AGN connection in the merger galaxy Mrk 938: an infrared and X-ray view
Creators: name: Esquej, P.
name: Alonso-Herrero, A.
name: Pérez-García, A. M.
name: Pereira-Santaella, M.
name: Rigopoulou, D.
name: Sánchez-Portal, M.
name: Castillo, M.
name: Almeida, C. Ramos
name: Coia, D.
name: Altieri, B.
name: Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
name: Conversi, L.
name: González-Serrano, J. I.
name: Hatziminaoglou, E.
name: Povic, M.
name: Rodríguez, J.
name: Valtchanov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mrk938 is a luminous infrared galaxy in the local Universe believed to be the remnant of a galaxy merger. It shows a Seyfert 2 nucleus and intense star formation according to optical spectroscopic observations. We have studied this galaxy using new Herschel far-IR imaging data in addition to archival X-ray, UV, optical, near-IR and mid-IR data. Mid- and far-IR data are crucial to characterise the starburst contribution, allowing us to shed new light on its nature and to study the coexistence of AGN and starburst activity in the local Universe. The decomposition of the mid-IR Spitzer spectrum shows that the AGN bolometric contribution to the mid-IR and total infrared luminosity is small (Lbol(AGN)/LIR~0.02), which agrees with previous estimations. We have characterised the physical nature of its strong infrared emission and constrained it to a relatively compact emitting region of <2kpc. It is in this obscured region where most of the current star formation activity is taking place as expected for LIRGs. We have used Herschel imaging data for the first time to constrain the cold dust emission with unprecedented accuracy. We have fitted the integrated far-IR spectral energy distribution and derived the properties of the dust, obtaining a dust mass of 3x10^7Msun. The far-IR is dominated by emission at 35K, consistent with dust heated by the on-going star formation activity.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Role of Sensory Circumventricular Organs in the Function of Hormones Affecting Feeding and Energy Balance
Creators: name: Ahmed, Al-Shaimaa Faissal Fadel
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: subfornical organ
subject: cholecystokinin
subject: area postrema
subject: losartan
subject: high fat diet
subject: Food Intake
subject: c-Fos

description: The subfornical organ (SFO) is a sensory circumventricular organ implicated in the regulation of fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions and characterized by the presence of receptors for a number of peripheral signals affecting food intake and energy balance such as leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK is an intestinal satiety hormone affecting short and long term energy balance. Given the importance of CCK in energy homeostasis and the presence of its receptors in the SFO, the objective of this thesis was to study the effect of CCK on the activity of the SFO using the area postrema (AP) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) as positive control regions. The effect of exogenous CCK-8 on the activity of the SFO neurons was examined using the functional activation markers c-Fos and p-ERK. CCK increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the NTS and the AP as well as in the SFO compared to controls. Blockade of CCKR1 reduced the effects of CCK in the AP and the NTS, but not in the SFO, while antagonism of CCKR2 blocked CCK-induced SFO activation. Rats subjected to subdiaphragmatic vagotomy were used to study the contribution of the vagus nerve to CCK-induced effect on the SFO. It was found that CCK-induced activation of SFO was not dependent on an intact vagus, contrary to CCK-induced increase in c-Fos in the AP and the NTS which was abolished by vagotomy. Then, the effect of endogenous CCK was studied using meal-induced release of CCK which, similar to the effect of exogenous CCK, resulted in increased c-Fos activation. In a model of high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, the effect of CCK on c-Fos expression in the AP and NTS was abolished. Surprisingly, HFD-fed rats experienced high basal c-Fos levels which made it impossible to investigate the effect of CCK in the SFO. In conclusion, these results show that SFO is a potential target for the actions of exogenous and endogenous CCK. These actions are not dependent on the vagus nerve. HFD induces changes in SFO activity evident by increased basal c-Fos immunoreactivity within the SFO of HFD-fed rats.
title: NIMS-1: Natural abundance inorganic mercury isotopic certified reference material: certificate of analysis
Creators: name: Meija, Juris
name: Brophy, Christine
name: Mester, Zoltan
name: Sturgeon, Ralph
name: Willie, Scott
name: Yang, Lu
Publisher: name: National Research Council Canada
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Canadian reference material
subject: NIMS-1
subject: isotopes of mercury
subject: atomic weight

description: Certified values for isotope amount ratios, isotope abundances and atomic weight of mercury have been established for this natural abundance inorganic mercury isotopic reference material (NIMS-1).