cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Availability of health facilities and untilization of maternal and newborn postnatal care in rural Malawi
Creators: name: Kim, E. T.
name: Singh, K.
name: Angeles, G.
name: Weiss, W.
name: Speizer, I. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background: This study explored the role of health facility availability as it relates to maternal and newborn PNC use in rural Malawi. Methods: Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) 2015–16 data, MDHS 2015–16 household cluster GPS data, Malawi Service Provision Assessment (MSPA) 2013–14 data and MSPA 2013–14 facility GPS data were used. Household clusters were spatially linked with facilities using buffers. Descriptive analyses were performed and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to determine the effects of having different types of facilities at varying distances from household clusters on receipt of maternal and newborn PNC in rural Malawi. Results: In rural Malawi, around 96% of women had facilities providing PNC within 10 km of where they live. Among women who have clinic-level facilities within 5 km of where they live, around 25% had clinic-level facilities that provide PNC. For rural women who gave birth in the past 5 years preceding the survey, only about 3% received maternal PNC within 24 h and about 16% received maternal PNC within the first week. As for newborn PNC, 3% of newborns had PNC within 24 h and about 26% had newborn PNC within the first week. PNC mostly took place at facilities (94% for women and 95% for newborns). For women who delivered at home, having a health center providing PNC within 5 km was positively associated with maternal and newborn PNC. For women who delivered at facilities, having a health center providing PNC within 5 km was positively associated with maternal PNC and having a health center providing PNC between 5 km and 10 km was positively associated with both maternal and newborn PNC. Regardless of the place of delivery and distance band, having a clinic-level facility providing PNC did not have significant positive effects on maternal and newborn PNC. Conclusions: Providers should be trained to perform quality PNC at all facilities. It would also be important to address concerns related to health workers. Lastly, it would be key to increase community awareness about the importance of seeking timely PNC and about the utility of lower-level facilities for receiving preventative PNC
Linked but desynched: An OODA analysis of associated entrepreneurship accelerator programs
Creators: name: Spinuzzi, Clay
name: Cochran, Robert
name: Pogue, Gregory P.
Publisher: name: Journal of Business and Technical Communication
Year: 2022
Subjects: OODA
entrepreneurship
accelerators
pitching

description: The final published version of this article is available at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10506519221121813
description: Accelerators support fledgling ventures with a set curriculum, moving them through a cycle of venture development, culminating in a Demo Day pitch in which the ventures argue for their viability. Yet firms are often involved in multiple programs with conflicting objectives and cycles. No research has addressed such conflicts. In this article, we examine an accelerator program partially linked to others to share resources. Drawing on the OODA framework, we identify disjunctures among cycles, anchoring this analysis at the final pitch. Working back from this Decide point, we examine interference among the associated programs.
La$_2$O$_3$Fe$_2$Se$_2$, a Mott insulator on the brink of orbital-selective metalization
Creators: name: Giovannetti, Gianluca
name: Medici, Luca de'
name: Aichhorn, Markus
name: Capone, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: La$_2$O$_3$Fe$_2$Se$_2$ can be explained in terms of Mott localization in sharp contrast with the metallic behavior of FeSe and other parent parent compounds of iron superconductors. We demonstrate that the key ingredient that makes La$_2$O$_3$Fe$_2$Se$_2$ a Mott insulator, rather than a correlated metal dominated by the Hund's coupling is the enhanced crystal-field splitting, accompanied by a smaller orbital-resolved kinetic energy. The strong deviation from orbital degeneracy introduced by the crystal-field splitting also pushes this materials close to an orbital-selective Mott transition. We predict that either doping or uniaxial external pressure can drive the material into an orbital-selective Mott state, where only one or few orbitals are metallized while the others remain insulating.
description: submitted to PRB
A note on Pathria's model of the universe as a black hole
Creators: name: Khakshournia, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pathria has shown that for the certain values of the cosmological constant, a pressureless closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe can be the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole. We examine the Pathria's model from the point of view of the matching of the two different spacetimes through a null hypersurface. We first regard the event horizon of the black hole, which in the Pathria's model is identified with the radius of the universe at the point of its maximum expansion, as a null hypersurface separating the FRW interior from the vacuum Schwarzschild exterior, and then use the null shell formalism for it. It turns out that the matching is not smooth, and in fact, the null hypersurface is the history of a null shell admitting a surface pressure.
description: 5 pages
Distinct magnetic signatures of fractional vortex configurations in multiband superconductors
Creators: name: da Silva, R. M.
name: Milošević, M. V.
name: Domínguez, D.
name: Peeters, F. M.
name: Aguiar, J. Albino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortices carrying fractions of a flux quantum are predicted to exist in multiband superconductors, where vortex core can split between multiple band-specific components of the superconducting condensate. Using the two-component Ginzburg-Landau model, we examine such vortex configurations in a two-band superconducting slab in parallel magnetic field. The fractional vortices appear due to the band-selective vortex penetration caused by different thresholds for vortex entry within each band-condensate, and stabilize near the edges of the sample. We show that the resulting fractional vortex configurations leave distinct fingerprints in the static measurements of the magnetization, as well as in ac dynamic measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, both of which can be readily used for the detection of these fascinating vortex states in several existing multiband superconductors.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Traces of Singular Moduli and Moonshine for the Thompson Group
Creators: name: Harvey, Jeffrey A.
name: Rayhaun, Brandon C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a relationship between the representation theory of the Thompson sporadic group and a weakly holomorphic modular form of weight one-half that appears in work of Borcherds and Zagier on Borcherds products and traces of singular moduli. We conjecture the existence of an infinite dimensional graded module for the Thompson group and provide evidence for our conjecture by constructing McKay--Thompson series for each conjugacy class of the Thompson group that coincide with weight one-half modular forms of higher level. We also observe a discriminant property in this moonshine for the Thompson group that is closely related to the discriminant property conjectured to exist in Umbral Moonshine.
description: 38 pages
Government of Malawi's unconditional cash transfer improves youth mental
Creators: name: Peterman, A.
name: de Hoop, J.
name: Angeles, G.
name: Handa, S.
name: Milazzo, A.
name: Kilburn, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: We explore the impacts of Malawi's national unconditional cash transfer program targeting ultra-poor households on youth mental health. Experimental findings show that the program significantly improved mental health outcomes. Among girls in particular, the program reduces indications of depression by about 15 percentage points. We investigate the contribution of different possible pathways to the overall program impact, including education, health, consumption, caregiver's stress levels and life satisfaction, perceived social support, and participation in hard and unpleasant work. The pathways explain from 46 to 65 percent of the program impact, advancing our understanding of how economic interventions can affect mental health of youth in resource-poor settings. The findings underline that unconditional cash grants, which are used on an increasingly large scale as part of national social protection systems in Sub-Saharan Africa, have the potential to improve youth mental wellbeing and thus may help break the vicious cycle of poverty and poor mental health.
title: Synthesis of plans or policies for controlling dynamic systems
Creators: name: Verfaillie, G.
name: Pralet, C.
name: Vidal, V.
name: Teichteil, F.
name: Infantes, G.
name: Lesire, C.
Publisher: name: ONERA
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
subject: PLAN SYNTHESIS
subject: POLICY SYNTHESIS
subject: MODEL-BASED APPROACH
subject: COMBINATORIAL SEARCH

description: To be properly controlled, dynamic systems need plans or policies. Plans are
sequences of actions to be performed, whereas policies associate an action to be
performed with each possible system state. The model-based synthesis of plans or
policies consists in producing them automatically starting from a model of the physical
system to be controlled and from user requirements on the controlled system. This
article is a survey of what exists and what has been done at Onera for the automatic
synthesis of plans or policies for the high-level control of dynamic systems.
description: Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 4, May 2012; ISSN: 2107-6596
Cash Transfers, Early Marriage, and Fertility in Malawi and Zambia
Creators: name: Peterman, S.
name: de Hoop, J.
name: Dake, F.
name: Angeles, G.
name: Natali, L.
name: Handa, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: There is increasing interest in the ability of cash transfers to facilitate safe transitions to adulthood in low-income settings; however, evidence from scaled-up government programming demonstrating this potential is scarce. Using two experimental evaluations of unconditional cash transfers targeted to ultra-poor and labor-constrained households over approximately three years in Malawi and Zambia, we examine whether cash transfers delayed early marriage and pregnancy among youth aged 14 to 21 years at baseline. Although we find strong impacts on poverty and schooling, two main pathways hypothesized in the literature, we find limited impacts on safe transition outcomes for both males and females. In addition, despite hypotheses that social norms may constrain potential impacts of cash transfer programs, we show suggestive evidence that pre-program variation in social norms across communities does not significantly affect program impact. We conclude with policy implications and suggestions for future research.
Spontaneous Motion on Two-dimensional Continuous Attractors
Creators: name: Fung, C. C. Alan
name: Amari, S. -I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attractor models are simplified models used to describe the dynamics of firing rate profiles of a pool of neurons. The firing rate profile, or the neuronal activity, is thought to carry information. Continuous attractor neural networks (CANNs) describe the neural processing of continuous information such as object position, object orientation and direction of object motion. Recently, it was found that, in one-dimensional CANNs, short-term synaptic depression can destabilize bump-shaped neuronal attractor activity profiles. In this paper, we study two-dimensional CANNs with short-term synaptic depression and with spike frequency adaptation. We found that the dynamics of CANNs with short-term synaptic depression and CANNs with spike frequency adaptation are qualitatively similar. We also found that in both kinds of CANNs the perturbative approach can be used to predict phase diagrams, dynamical variables and speed of spontaneous motion.
description: 58 pages, 11 figures
title: Public and Private Enforcement in EU food law
Creators: name: Purnhagen, Kai
name: Molitorisová, Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: enforcement
subject: EU law
subject: food
subject: food control
subject: 340

description: What type of enforcement is the most promising to effectively punish violations of food law or to prevent them from occurring in the first place? This article examines the question of an optimal institutional design for the enforcement of food law. What mix of private and public enforcement does existing research from social science recommend? A review of this existing research is applied to the current regulation of enforcement in food law. Based on this, we content that the socio-economic and socio-cultural differences in the European multi-level system make it likely that EU-determined enforcement mechanisms are differently effective in the Member States. In Germany, for example, the enforcement system in C2B cases tends to privilege the defendant side in private enforcement.
EGS green eco net in agricultural region of Vojvodina
Creators: name: Nikolic, Tijana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: The paper presents the results of endangered small mammal habitat inventory, habitat occupancy and fragmentation. To propose conservation strategies for the species habitat specialist, it is necessary to consider landscape scale habitat availability and surrounding structural-compositional characteristics. Also, to understand species habitat connectivity further research is needed.
Age of Big Data and Smart Cities: Privacy Trade-Off
Creators: name: Ahmed, Kaoutar Ben
name: Bouhorma, Mohammed
name: Ahmed, Mohamed Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data will soon become one of the most precious treasures we have ever had, 43 trillion gigabytes of data will be created by 2020 according to a study made by Mckinsey Global Institute, it is estimated that 2.3 trillion gigabytes of data is created each day and most companies in the US have 100.000 gigabytes of data stored. Data is recorded, stored and analyzed to enable technology and services that the world relies on every day, this technology is getting smarter and we will be soon living in a world of smart services or what is called smart cities. This article presents an overview of the topic pointing to its actual status and forecasting the crucial roles it will play in the future, we will define big data analytics and smart cities and talk about their potential contributions in changing our way of living and finally we will discuss the possible down side of this upcoming technologies and how it can fool us, violate our privacy and turn us into puppets or technology slaves.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, "Published with International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)"
Paying for Happiness: Experimental Results from a Large Cash Transfer Program in Malawi
Creators: name: Handa, S.
name: Kilburn, K.
name: Mvula, P.
name: Angeles, G.
name: Tsoka, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This study analyzes the short-term impact of an exogenous, positive income shock on caregivers’ subjective well-being (SWB) in Malawi using panel data from 3,365 households targeted to receive Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Program that provides unconditional cash to ultra-poor, labor-constrained households. The study consists of a cluster-randomized, longitudinal design. After the baseline survey, half of these village clusters were randomly selected to receive the transfer and a follow-up was conducted 17 months later. We find that the short-term impact of household income increases from the cash transfer leads to substantial SWB gains among caregivers. After a year’s worth of transfers, caregivers in beneficiary households have higher life satisfaction and are more likely to believe in a better future. We examine whether program impacts on consumption, food security, resilience, and hopefulness could explain the increase in SWB but do not find that any of these mechanisms individually mediate our results.
Evaluating the impact of social support services on tuberculosis treatment default in Ukraine.
Creators: name: Skiles, M.P.
name: Curtis, S.
name: Senik, T.
name: Mullen, S.
name: Angeles, G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Ukraine is among the top 20 highest drug-resistant tuberculosis burden countries in the world. Driving the high drug-resistant tuberculosis rates is an unchecked treatment default rate. This evaluation measures the effect of social support provided to tuberculosis patients at risk of defaulting on treatment during outpatient treatment. Five tuberculosis patient cohorts, served in three oblasts from 2011 and 2012, were constructed from medical records to compare risk factors for default, receipt of social services, and treatment outcome. Regression analyses were used to identify risk factors predictive of treatment default and to estimate the impact of the social support program on treatment default, controlling for risk, disease status, and demographics. In 2012, tuberculosis patients receiving social support in Ukraine reduced their probability of defaulting on continuation treatment by 10 percentage points compared to high-risk patients who did not receive social support in 2012 or 2011. Treatment success rates for the high-risk patients receiving social support were comparable to the low-risk cohorts and significantly improved over the high-risk comparison cohorts. Further research is recommended to quantify the costs and benefits for scaling-up social support services, evaluate social support program fidelity, identify which populations respond best to select services, and what barriers might still exist to achieve better adherence. With that information, tailoring programs to most effectively reach and serve clients in a patient-centered approach may reap substantial rewards for Ukraine.
The Effect of Cash Transfers and Household Vulnerability on Food Security in Zimbabwe.
Creators: name: Seidenfeld, D.
name: Angeles, G.
name: Bhalla, G.
name: Handa, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: We study the impact of the Zimbabwe Harmonized Social Cash Transfer (HSCT) on household food security after 12 months of implementation. We investigate determinants of food security as measured by a well-known food security scale – the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) – and as measured by value of household food consumption composed of own-production, market purchases and gifts received. We find that several dimensions of household vulnerability correlate more strongly with the food security measure than with food consumption. Labor constraints, which is a key vulnerability criterion used by the HSCT to target households, is an important predictor of the food security score but not food consumption, and its effect on food security is even larger during the lean season. Impact analysis shows that the program has had statistically significant impacts on Food Security and Diet Diversity scores but null to low impacts on food consumption. However aggregate food consumption hides dynamic activity taking place within the household where the cash is used to obtain more food from the market and rely less on food received as gifts. The cash in turn gives beneficiaries greater choice in their food basket, which improves diet diversity.
${\ell}$-oscillators from second-order invariant PDEs of the centrally extended Conformal Galilei Algebras
Creators: name: Aizawa, N.
name: Kuznetsova, Z.
name: Toppan, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct, for any given ${\ell}=\frac{1}{2}+{\mathbb{N}}_0$, the second-order, linear PDEs which are invariant under the centrally extended Conformal Galilei Algebra. \par At the given ${\ell}$, two invariant equations in one time and ${\ell}+\frac{1}{2}$ space coordinates are obtained. The first equation possesses a continuum spectrum and generalizes the free Schrödinger equation (recovered for ${\ell}=\frac{1}{2}$) in $1+1$ dimension. The second equation (the "$\ell$-oscillator") possesses a discrete, positive spectrum. It generalizes the $1+1$-dimensional harmonic oscillator (recovered for $\ell=\frac{1}{2}$). The spectrum of the ${\ell}$-oscillator, derived from a specific $osp(1|2\ell+1)$ h.w.r., is explicitly presented.\par The two sets of invariant PDEs are determined by imposing (representation-dependent) {\it on-shell invariant conditions} both for {\it degree} $1$ operators (those with continuum spectrum) and for {\it degree } $0$ operators (those with discrete spectrum).\par The on-shell condition is better understood by enlarging the Conformal Galilei Algebras with the addition of certain second-order differential operators. Two compatible structures (the algebra/superalgebra duality) are defined for the enlarged set of operators.
description: 18 pages
title: Scene Understanding from Aerospace Sensors: What can be Expected?
Creators: name: Herbin, S.
name: Champagnat, F.
name: Israel, J.
name: Janez, F.
name: Le Saux, B.
name: Leung, V.
name: Michel, A.
Publisher: name: ONERA
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: COMPUTER VISION
subject: IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING
subject: STATISTICAL LEARNING
subject: OBJECT RECOGNITION AND DETECTION
subject: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
subject: AERIAL DATA
subject: REMOTE SENSING

description: Automated scene understanding or interpretation is a fundamental problem of computer
vision. Its goal is to compute a formal description of the content and events
that can be observed in images or videos and distribute it to artificial or human agents
for further exploitation or storage. Over the last decade, tremendous progress has been
made in the design of algorithms able to analyze images taken under standard viewing
conditions. Several of them, e.g., face detection, are already used daily on consumer
products. In contrast, the aerospace context has been confined to professional or military
applications for a long time, due to its strategic stakes and to the high cost of data
production. However, images and videos taken from sensors embedded in airborne or
spatial platforms are now being made publicly available, thanks to easily deployable
UAVs and web based access data repositories. This article examines the state of the
art of automated scene interpretation from aerospace sensors. It will examine how the
general techniques of object detection and recognition can be applied to this specific
context, as well as what their limitations are and what kind of extensions are possible.
The interpretation will be focused on the analysis of movable objects such as vehicles,
airplanes and persons. Results will be illustrated with past and ongoing projects.
description: Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 4, May 2012; ISSN: 2107-6596
Effect of Cu2O Substrate on Photoinduced Hydrophilicity of TiO2 and ZnO Nanocoatings
Creators: name: Maevskaya, Maria V.
name: Rudakova, Aida V.
name: Emeline, Alexei V.
name: Bahnemann, Detlef W.
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adsorbed water
subject: Charge transfer
subject: Heterostructures
subject: Photoinduced hydrophilicity
subject: Surface energy
subject: Work function
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: The effect of a Cu2 O substrate on the photoinduced alteration of the hydrophilicity of TiO2 and ZnO surfaces was studied. It was demonstrated that the formation of heterostructures Cu2 O/TiO2 and Cu2 O/ZnO strongly changed the direction of the photoinduced alteration of surface hydrophilicity: while both TiO2 and ZnO demonstrate surface transition to superhydrophilic state under UV irradiation and no significant alteration of the surface hydrophilicity under visible light irradiation, the formation of Cu2 O/TiO2 and Cu2 O/ZnO heterostructures resulted in photoinduced decay of the surface hydrophilicity caused by both UV and visible light irradiation. All observed photoinduced changes of the surface hydrophilicity were compared and analyzed in terms of pho-toinduced alteration of the surface free energy and its polar and dispersive components. Alteration of the photoinduced hydrophilic behavior of TiO2 and ZnO surfaces caused by formation of the corresponding heterostructures with Cu2 O are explained within the mechanism of electron transfer and increasing of the electron concentration on the TiO2 and ZnO surfaces.
Functional Analysis of Components Manufactured by a Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming Process
Creators: name: Hetzel, Andreas
name: Schulte, Robert
name: Vogel, Manfred
name: Lechner, Michael
name: Besserer, Hans-Bernward
name: Maier, Hans Jürgen
name: Sauer, Christopher
name: Schleich, Benjamin
name: Wartzack, Sandro
name: Merklein, Marion
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fatigue life modeling
subject: Functional behavior
subject: Mechanical properties
subject: Self-learning engineering workbench
subject: Sheet-bulk metal forming
subject: Z-integral approach
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Due to rising demands regarding the functionality and load-bearing capacity of functional components such as synchronizer rings in gear systems, conventional forming operations are reaching their limits with respect to formability and efficiency. One way to meet these challenges is the application of the innovative process class of sheet-bulk metal forming (SBMF). By applying bulk forming operations to sheet metal, the advantages of both process classes can be combined, thus realizing an optimized part weight and an adapted load-bearing capacity. Different approaches to manufacturing relevant part geometries were presented and evaluated regarding the process properties and applicability. In this contribution, a self-learning engineering workbench was used to provide geometry-based data regarding a novel component geometry with circumferential involute gearing manufactured in an SBMF process combination of deep drawing and upsetting. Within the comprehensive investigations, the mechanical and geometrical properties of the part were analyzed. Moreover, the manufactured components were compared regarding the increased fatigue strength in cyclic load tests. With the gained experimental and numerical data, the workbench was used for the first time to generate the desired component as a CAD model, as well as to derive design guidelines referring to the investigated properties and fatigue behavior.
Singularity free anisotropic strange quintessence star
Creators: name: Bhar, Piyali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Present paper provides a new model of anisotropic strange star corresponding to the exterior schwarzschild metric. The Einstein field equations have been solved by utilizing the Krori Barua (KB) ansatz in presence of quintessence field characterized by a parameter omegaq . The obtained solutions are free from central singularity. Our model is potentially stable.The numerical values of mass of the different strange stars SAXJ1808.4-3658(SS1)(radius=7.07 km),4U1820- 30 (radius=10 km),Vela X-12 (radius=9.99 km),PSR J 1614-2230 (radius=10.3 km) obtained from our model is very close to the observational data that confirms the validity of our proposed model. The interior solution is also matched to the exterior Schwarzschild spacetime in presence of thin shell where negative surface pressure is required to hold the thin shell against collapse.
description: 11 pages 13 figures Accepted in Astrophysics and Space science
Characterization and Modeling of Nano Wear for Molybdenum-Based Lubrication Layer Systems
Creators: name: Behrens, Bernd-Arno
name: Poll, Gerhard
name: Möhwald, Kai
name: Schöler, Simon
name: Pape, Florian
name: Konopka, Dennis
name: Brunotte, Kai
name: Wester, Hendrik
name: Richter, Sebastian
name: Heimes, Norman
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: CoF
subject: Micro tribology
subject: Mo-coatings
subject: Nano indentation
subject: Nano wear
subject: SPM
subject: Wear behavior
subject: Wear modelling
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: As a result of global economic and environmental change, the demand for innovative, environmentally-friendly technologies is increasing. Employing solid lubricants in rolling contacts can reduce the use of environmentally harmful greases and oils. The aim of the current research was the development of a solid lubricant system with regenerative properties. The layer system consisted of a molybdenum (Mo) reservoir and a top layer of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). After surface wear, Mo is supposed to react with atmospheric oxygen and form a new oxide. The determination of the wear volume of thin layers cannot be measured microscopically, which is why the wear behavior is initially determined on the nano level. In this work, single Mo and MoO3 coatings prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) are characterized by nano testing. The main objective was to determine the wear volume of the single coatings using a newly developed method considering the initial topology. For this purpose, nano-wear tests with different wear paths and normal forces were carried out and measured by in situ scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Based on the characteristic values determined, the coefficient of wear was determined for wear modeling according to Sarkar. The validation of the wear model developed was carried out by further wear tests on the respective mono layers.
Symplectic integration for the collisional gravitational $N$-body problem
Creators: name: Hernandez, David M.
name: Bertschinger, Edmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new symplectic integrator designed for collisional gravitational $N$-body problems which makes use of Kepler solvers. The integrator is also reversible and conserves 9 integrals of motion of the $N$-body problem to machine precision. The integrator is second order, but the order can easily be increased by the method of \citeauthor{yos90}. We use fixed time step in all tests studied in this paper to ensure preservation of symplecticity. We study small $N$ collisional problems and perform comparisons with typically used integrators. In particular, we find comparable or better performance when compared to the 4th order Hermite method and much better performance than adaptive time step symplectic integrators introduced previously. We find better performance compared to SAKURA, a non-symplectic, non-time-reversible integrator based on a different two-body decomposition of the $N$-body problem. The integrator is a promising tool in collisional gravitational dynamics.
description: 11 pages, 7 Figures. Minor changes made and appendix added. To appear in MNRAS: (September 11, 2015) 452 (2): 1934-1944
Thermally Accelerated Aging of Insulation Paper for Transformers with Different Insulating Liquids
Creators: name: Münster, Tobias
name: Werle, Peter
name: Hämel, Kai
name: Preusel, Jörg
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Aging
subject: Degree of polymerization
subject: Mineral oil
subject: Natural ester
subject: Oil-paper
subject: Synthetic ester
subject: Thermal stress
subject: Transformer
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: The article presents issues related to the aging behavior of oil-paper insulations in transformers using different oil-and ester-based insulating fluids. Despite numerous conducted studies on the subject of oil-paper aging, the use of new insulating fluids is creating open questions. In addition, new liquids such as synthetic and natural esters, as well as oil of the newest generation, are being used. Furthermore, there is still little research on the formation of aging markers with this form of the dielectric. For this reason, in this contribution, oil-paper insulations with mineral oil-based insulating fluids, natural and synthetic esters, as well as oil from natural gas, are aged thermally accelerated at 130◦C over a duration of 15 weeks, by considering two cases of free-breathing and hermetically sealed transformers. Therefore, various aging markers are investigated to allow a condition assessment. The results show that differences exist between the fluids and design of the transformer, as in the aging rate of the paper and the formation of aging markers in the insulating liquid such as acids. These findings can be used to improve asset management strategies by a more precise determination of the aging state depending on the transformer type as well as the type of insulating fluid.
Temperature Sensitivity of CO2 and CH4 Fluxes from Coarse Woody Debris in Northern Boreal Forests
Creators: name: Mukhortova, Liudmila
name: Pashenova, Natalia
name: Meteleva, Maria
name: Krivobokov, Leonid
name: Guggenberger, Georg
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Boreal forests
subject: Carbon dioxide and methane emission
subject: Coarse woody debris
subject: Methane production and consumption
subject: Temperature response
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are recognized as the main greenhouse gases causing climate warming. In forest ecosystems, the death of trees leads to the formation of coarse woody debris (CWD) that is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions due to wood decomposi-tion. We quantified the CO2 and CH4 fluxes from CWD of larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.)) and birch (Betula tortuosa Ledeb.) collected in the northern boreal forests of Central Siberia. The CWD samples were incubated at +5, +15 and +25◦ C. The CO2 and CH4 fluxes showed strong correlations with temperature, moisture, decomposition stage and the type of wood’s rot. The temperature coefficient Q10 indicated higher temperature sensitivity of CO2 flux within the temperature interval from +5 to +15◦ C than from +15 to +25◦ C. Methane flux had higher temperature sensitivity within the interval from +15 to +25◦ C. It was found that, in boreal forests, CWD of early decay stage can serve as a source of methane to the atmosphere when air temperatures increased above +15◦ C. Strong positive correlation between CH4 production and CO2 emission indicated a biological source and supported findings on aerobic origin of the main process contributing to the CH4 flux from decomposing CWD.
Supplementary document for Extending field-of-view of retinal imaging by optical coherence tomography using convolutional Lissajous and slow scan patterns - 6030603.pdf
Creators: name: Makita, Shuichi
name: Azuma, Shinnosuke
name: Mino, Toshihiro
name: Yamaguchi, Tatsuo
name: Miura, Masahiro
name: Yasuno, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 111302 Optical Technology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional figures and methods
Short-term impacts of an unconditional cash transfer program on child schooling: Experimental evidence from Malawi.
Creators: name: Mvula, P.
name: Tsoka, M.
name: Angeles, G.
name: Kilburn, K.
name: Handa, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: This study analyzes the impact of a positive income shock on child schooling outcomes using experimental data from an unconditional cash transfer program in Malawi. Since households receive the cash and parents are responsible for making spending decisions, we also examine the intervening pathways between cash transfers and child schooling. Data comes from a cluster-randomized study of Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Program (SCTP). After a baseline survey, households in village clusters were randomly assigned to treatment and control arms with treatment villages receiving transfers immediately and control villages assigned a later entry. We test for treatment impacts on a panel of school-aged children (6–17) using a differences-in-differences model. After a years’ worth of transfers, we find the Malawi SCTP both improves enrollment rates and decreases dropouts. The main intervening pathway between the program and schooling is education expenditures, suggesting that the cash improves the demand for education by reducing financial constraints.
A Multiscale Investigation on the Thermal Transport in Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposites: Graphene vs. Borophene
Creators: name: Di Pierro, Alessandro
name: Mortazavi, Bohayra
name: Noori, Hamidreza
name: Rabczuk, Timon
name: Fina, Alberto
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Borophene
subject: Graphene
subject: Interfacial thermal conductance
subject: Multiscale modelling
subject: Nanocomposites
subject: Polydimethylsiloxane
subject: Thermal conductivity
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Graphene and borophene are highly attractive two-dimensional materials with outstanding physical properties. In this study we employed combined atomistic continuum multi-scale modeling to explore the effective thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites made of polydimethylsilox-ane (PDMS) polymer as the matrix and graphene and borophene as nanofillers. PDMS is a versatile polymer due to its chemical inertia, flexibility and a wide range of properties that can be tuned during synthesis. We first conducted classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to calculate the thermal conductance at the interfaces between graphene and PDMS and between borophene and PDMS. Acquired results confirm that the interfacial thermal conductance between nanosheets and polymer increases from the single-layer to multilayered nanosheets and finally converges, in the case of graphene, to about 30 MWm−2 K−1 and, for borophene, up to 33 MWm−2 K−1. The data provided by the atomistic simulations were then used in the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites at the continuum level. We explored the effects of nanofiller type, volume content, geometry aspect ratio and thickness on the nanocomposite effective thermal conductivity. As a very interesting finding, we found that borophene nanosheets, despite having almost two orders of magnitude lower thermal conductivity than graphene, can yield very close enhancement in the effective thermal conductivity in comparison with graphene, particularly for low volume content and small aspect ratios and thicknesses. We conclude that, for the polymer-based nanocomposites, significant improvement in the thermal conductivity can be reached by improving the bonding between the fillers and polymer, or in other words, by enhancing the thermal conductance at the interface. By taking into account the high electrical conductivity of borophene, our results suggest borophene nanosheets as promising nanofillers to simultaneously enhance the polymers’ thermal and electrical conductivity.
The US President’s Malaria Initiative and under-five child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A difference-in-differences analysis
Creators: name: Kruk, M.E.
name: Stearns, S.C.
name: Thirumurthy, H.
name: Angeles, G.
name: Jakubowski, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background Despite substantial financial contributions by the United States President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) since 2006, no studies have carefully assessed how this program may have affected important population-level health outcomes. We utilized multiple publicly available data sources to evaluate the association between introduction of PMI and child mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods and findings We used difference-in-differences analyses to compare trends in the primary outcome of under-5 mortality rates and secondary outcomes reflecting population coverage of malaria interventions in 19 PMI-recipient and 13 non-recipient countries between 1995 and 2014. The analyses controlled for presence and intensity of other large funding sources, individual and household characteristics, and country and year fixed effects. PMI program implementation was associated with a significant reduction in the annual risk of under-5 child mortality (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.96). Each dollar of per-capita PMI expenditures in a country, a measure of PMI intensity, was also associated with a reduction in child mortality (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78–0.93). We estimated that the under-5 mortality rate in PMI countries was reduced from 28.9 to 24.3 per 1,000 personyears. Population coverage of insecticide-treated nets increased by 8.34 percentage points (95% CI 0.86–15.83) and coverage of indoor residual spraying increased by 6.63 percentage points (95% CI 0.79–12.47) after PMI implementation. Per-capita PMI spending was also associated with a modest increase in artemisinin-based combination therapy coverage (3.56 percentage point increase, 95% CI −0.07–7.19), though this association was only marginally significant (p = 0.054). Our results were robust to several sensitivity analyses. Because our study design leaves open the possibility of unmeasured confounding, we cannot definitively interpret these results as causal. Conclusions PMI may have significantly contributed to reducing the burden of malaria in SSA and reducing the number of child deaths in the region. Introduction of PMI was associated with increased coverage of malaria prevention technologies, which are important mechanisms through which child mortality can be reduced. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the association between PMI and all-cause child mortality in SSA with the use of appropriate comparison groups and adjustments for regional trends in child mortality.
LocModFE: Locally modified finite elements for approximating interface problems in deal.II
Creators: name: Frei, Stefan
name: Richter, Thomas
name: Wick, Thomas
Publisher: name: [Amsterdam] : Elsevier ScienceDirect
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: C++
subject: Deal.II
subject: Fitted finite elements
subject: Interface problems
subject: Locally modified finite elements
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: We describe the Software package LocModFE, which is an implementation of a locally modified finite element method for an accurate solution of interface problems. The code was originally developed in the finite element library Gascoigne 3d and has now been rewritten in the widerspread library deal.II. This makes the concept of locally modified finite elements accessible to many users all over the world. Applications range from simple Poisson interface problems over multi-phase flows to complex multi-physics problems, such as fluid–structure interactions. Being based on deal.II, it provides plenty of possibilities for future extensions, e.g., parallel computing, multigrid solvers or mesh adaptivity.
Caregiving and elderly health in Mexico
Creators: name: Piras, C.
name: Angeles, G.
name: Tran, N.
name: Mroz, T.
name: Trujillo, A.J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Using the National Mexican Health and Aging Study panel dataset, the authors estimate the effect of having informal care on the probability of dying and on the change in elderly health over a two-year period. Three measures of functional health were used: self-reported health, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living. We develop an empirical strategy that relies on the panel structure of the dataset to sort out the possible correlation between unobservable characteristics that affect both elderly health and an individual’s decision to provide informal care. Our findings suggest that informal care provided by daughters reduces the probability of dying. In addition, informal care provided by daughters reduces the probability of having a decline in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, while it has no effect on the observed changes in self-reported health status. The protective effect of informal care provided by sons is not statistically significant for any health outcomes. A discussion of the policy options to increase elderly health and to improve the role of caregivers is included.
Theory of neutron scattering by electrons in magnetic materials
Creators: name: Lovesey, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of neutron scattering by magnetic materials is reviewed with emphasis on the use of electronic multipoles that have universal appeal, because they are amenable to calculation and appear in theories of many other experimental techniques. The conventional theory of magnetic neutron scattering, which dates back to Schwinger (1937) and Trammell (1953), yields an approximation for the scattering amplitude in terms of magnetic dipoles formed with the spin (S) and orbital angular momentum (L) of valence electrons. The so-called dipole-approximation has been widely adopted by researchers during the past few decades that has seen neutron scattering develop to its present status as the method of choice for investigations of magnetic structure and excitations. Looking beyond the dipole-approximation, however, reveals a wealth of additional information about electronic degrees of freedom conveniently encapsulated in magnetic multipoles. In this language, the dipole-approximation retains electronic axial dipoles, S and L. At the same level of approximation are polar dipoles - called anapoles or toroidal dipoles - allowed in the absence of a centre of inversion symmetry. Anapoles are examples of magneto-electric multipoles, time-odd and parity-odd irreducible tensors, that have come to the fore as signatures of electronic complexity in materials.