cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$\texttt{Mangrove}$: Learning Galaxy Properties from Merger Trees
Creators: name: Jespersen, Christian Kragh
name: Cranmer, Miles
name: Melchior, Peter
name: Ho, Shirley
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Gabrielpillai, Austen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficiently mapping baryonic properties onto dark matter is a major challenge in astrophysics. Although semi-analytic models (SAMs) and hydrodynamical simulations have made impressive advances in reproducing galaxy observables across cosmologically significant volumes, these methods still require significant computation times, representing a barrier to many applications. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently proven to be the natural choice for learning physical relations. Among the most inherently graph-like structures found in astrophysics are the dark matter merger trees that encode the evolution of dark matter halos. In this paper we introduce a new, graph-based emulator framework, $\texttt{Mangrove}$, and show that it emulates the galactic stellar mass, cold gas mass and metallicity, instantaneous and time-averaged star formation rate, and black hole mass -- as predicted by a SAM -- with root mean squared error up to two times lower than other methods across a $(75 Mpc/h)^3$ simulation box in 40 seconds, 4 orders of magnitude faster than the SAM. We show that $\texttt{Mangrove}$ allows for quantification of the dependence of galaxy properties on merger history. We compare our results to the current state of the art in the field and show significant improvements for all target properties. $\texttt{Mangrove}$ is publicly available.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, 10 pages of Appendices. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Muon spin rotation investigation of the pressure effect on the magnetic penetration depth in YBa2Cu3Ox
Creators: name: Maisuradze, A.
name: Shengelaya, A.
name: Amato, A.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
name: Keller, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pressure dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in polycrystalline samples of YBa2Cu3Ox with different oxygen concentrations x = 6.45, 6.6, 6.8, and 6.98 was studied by muon spin rotation (muSR). The pressure dependence of the superfluid density (p_s) as a function of the superconducting transition temperature Tc is found to deviate from the usual Uemura line. The ratio (dTc/dP)/(dp_s/dP) is factor of 2 smaller than that of the Uemura relation. In underdoped samples, the zero temperature superconducting gap and the BCS ratio both increase with increasing external hydrostatic pressure, implying an increase of the coupling strength with pressure. The relation between the pressure effect and the oxygen isotope effect on the magnetic penetration depth is also discussed. In order to analyze reliably the muSR spectra of samples with strong magnetic moments in a pressure cell, a special model was developed and applied.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Rapid search for massive black hole binary coalescences using deep learning
Creators: name: Ruan, Wen-Hong
name: Wang, He
name: Liu, Chang
name: Guo, Zong-Kuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coalescences of massive black hole binaries are one of the main targets of space-based gravitational wave observatories. Such gravitational wave sources are expected to be accompanied by electromagnetic emissions. Low latency detection of the massive black hole mergers provides a start point for a global-fit analysis to explore the large parameter space of signals simultaneously being present in the data but at great computational cost. To alleviate this issue, we present a deep learning method for rapidly searching for signals of massive black hole binaries in gravitational wave data. Our model is capable of processing a year of data, simulated from the LISA data challenge, in only several seconds, while identifying all coalescences of massive black hole binaries with no false alarms. We further demonstrate that the model shows robust resistance to a wide range of generalization cases, including various waveform families and updated instrumental configurations. This method offers an effective approach that combines advances in artificial intelligence to open a new pathway for space-based gravitational wave observations.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Simplicial descent for Chekanov-Eliashberg dg-algebras
Creators: name: Asplund, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D35, 53D40, 53D42

description: We introduce a type of surgery decomposition of Weinstein manifolds we call simplicial decompositions. The main result of this paper is that the Chekanov-Eliashberg dg-algebra of the attaching spheres of a Weinstein manifold satisfies a descent (cosheaf) property with respect to a simplicial decomposition. Simplicial decompositions generalize the notion of Weinstein connected sum and we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence (up to Weinstein homotopy) between simplicial decompositions and so-called good sectorial covers. As an application we explicitly compute the Chekanov-Eliashberg dg-algebra of the Legendrian attaching spheres of a plumbing of copies of cotangent bundles of spheres of dimension at least three according to any plumbing quiver. We show by explicit computation that this Chekanov-Eliashberg dg-algebra is quasi-isomorphic to the Ginzburg dg-algebra of the plumbing quiver.
description: 45 pages, 26 figures. v4: Final version to appear in J. Topol
Measuring the Ellipticity of M 87* Images
Creators: name: Tiede, Paul
name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Palumbo, Daniel C. M.
name: Chael, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy M 87 provided the first image of the accretion environment on horizon scales. General relativity predicts that the image of the shadow should be nearly circular, given the inclination angle of the black hole M 87*. A robust detection of ellipticity in the image reconstructions of M 87* could signal new gravitational physics on horizon scales. Here we analyze whether the imaging parameters used in EHT analyses are sensitive to ring ellipticity and measure the constraints on the ellipticity of M 87*. We find that the top set is unable to recover ellipticity. Even for simple geometric models, the true ellipticity is biased low, preferring circular rings. Therefore, to place a constraint on the ellipticity of M 87*, we measure the ellipticity of 550 simulated data sets of GRMHD simulations. We find that images with intrinsic axis ratios of 2:1 are consistent with the ellipticity seen from the EHT image reconstructions.
description: accepted for publication to ApJ
A moving-boundary model of reactive settling in wastewater treatment. Part 2: Numerical scheme
Creators: name: Bürger, Raimund
name: Careaga, Julio
name: Diehl, Stefan
name: Pineda, Romel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K65, 35Q35, 65M06, 76V05

description: A numerical scheme is proposed for the simulation of reactive settling in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) in wastewater treatment plants. Reactive settling is the process of sedimentation of flocculated particles (biomass; activated sludge) consisting of several material components that react with substrates dissolved in the fluid. An SBR is operated in cycles of consecutive fill, react, settle, draw and idle stages, which means that the volume in the tank varies and the surface moves with time. The process is modelled by a system of spatially one-dimensional, nonlinear, strongly degenerate parabolic convection-diffusion-reaction equations. This system is coupled via conditions of mass conservation to transport equations on a half line whose origin is located at a moving boundary and that models the effluent pipe. A finite-difference scheme is proved to satisfy an invariant-region property (in particular, it is positivity preserving) if executed in a simple splitting way. Simulations are presented with a modified variant of the established activated sludge model no.~1 (ASM1).
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2105.10961
Konrad Renger, Lockere Gesellschaft - Zur Ikonographie des verlorenen Sohnes und von Wirtshausszenen in der niederländischen Malerei
Creators: name: Schubert, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Konrad Renger, Lockere Gesellschaft - Zur Ikonographie des verlorenen Sohnes und von Wirtshausszenen in der niederländischen Malerei. Verlag Gebrüder Mann Berlin 1970. 160 S., 88 Abb., 3 Textabb.
description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 26 Nr. 7 (1973): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
A Methodology for Thermal Simulation of Interconnects Enabled by Model Reduction with Material Property Variation
Creators: name: Jia, Wangkun
name: Cheng, Ming-C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A thermal simulation methodology is developed for interconnects enabled by a data-driven learning algorithm accounting for variations of material properties, heat sources and boundary conditions (BCs). The methodology is based on the concepts of model order reduction and domain decomposition to construct a multi-block approach. A generic block model is built to represent a group of interconnect blocks that are used to wire standard cells in the integrated circuits (ICs). The blocks in this group possess identical geometry with various metal/via routings. The data-driven model reduction method is thus applied to learn material property variations induced by different metal/via routings in the blocks, in addition to the variations of heat sources and BCs. The approach is investigated in two very different settings. It is first applied to thermal simulation of a single interconnect block with similar BCs to those in the training of the generic block. It is then implemented in multi-block thermal simulation of a FinFET IC, where the interconnect structure is partitioned into several blocks each modeled by the generic block model. Accuracy of the generic block model is examined in terms of the metal/via routings, BCs and thermal discontinuities at the block interfaces.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures
Tafeln
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 26 Nr. 7 (1973): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Invariant finite-difference schemes with conservation laws preservation for one-dimensional MHD equations
Creators: name: Kaptsov, E. I.
name: Dorodnitsyn, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.8
subject: 65M06 (Primary) 76W05 (Secondary)

description: Invariant finite-difference schemes are considered for one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations in mass Lagrangian coordinates for the cases of finite and infinite conductivity. For construction these schemes previously obtained results of the group classification of MHD equations are used. On the basis of the classical Samarskiy-Popov scheme new schemes are constructed for the case of finite conductivity. These schemes admit all symmetries of the original differential model and have difference analogues of all of its local differential conservation laws. Among the conservation laws there are previously unknown ones. In the case of infinite conductivity, conservative invariant schemes constructed as well. For isentropic flows of a polytropic gas proposed schemes possess the conservation law of energy and preserve entropy on two time layers. This is achieved by means of specially selected approximations for the equation of state of a polytropic gas. Also, invariant difference schemes with additional conservation laws are proposed. A new scheme for the case of finite conductivity is tested numerically for various boundary conditions which shows accurate preservation of difference conservation laws.
description: 25 pages, 3 tables, 8 figures
Tafeln
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 26 Nr. 8 (1973): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Probing the turbulent mixing strength in protoplanetary disks across the stellar mass range: no significant variations
Creators: name: Mulders, Gijs D.
name: Dominik, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust settling and grain growth are the first steps in the planet-formation process in protoplanetary disks. These disks are observed around stars with different spectral types, and there are indications that the disks around lower mass stars are significantly flatter, which could indicate that they settle and evolve faster, or in a different way. We aim to test this assumption by modeling the median spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of three samples of protoplanetary disks: around Herbig stars, T Tauri stars and brown dwarfs. We focus on the turbulent mixing strength to avoid a strong observational bias from disk and stellar properties that depend on stellar mass. We generated SEDs with the radiative transfer code MCMax, using a hydrostatic disk structure and settling the dust in a self-consistent way with the alpha-prescription to probe the turbulent mixing strength. We are able to fit all three samples with a disk with the same input parameters, scaling the inner edge to the dust evaporation radius and disk mass to millimeter photometry. The Herbig stars require a special treatment for the inner rim regions, while the T-Tauri stars require viscous heating, and the brown dwarfs lack a good estimate of the disk mass because only few millimeter detections exist. We find that the turbulent mixing strength does not vary across the stellar mass range for a fixed grain size distribution and gas-to-dust ratio. Regions with the same temperature have a self-similar vertical structure independent of stellar mass, but regions at the same distance from the central star appear more settled in disks around lower mass stars. We find a relatively low turbulent mixing strength of alpha = 10^(-4) for a standard grain size distribution, but our results are also consistent with alpha = 0.01 for a grain size distribution with fewer small grains or a lower gas-to-dust ratio.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures, accepted by A&A
XXIII. Internationaler Kongress für Kunstgeschichte
Creators: name: Kruft, Hanno-Walter
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 27 Nr. 1 (1974): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Direct Immersogeometric Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis of Objects Represented by Point Clouds
Creators: name: Balu, Aditya
name: Rajanna, Manoj R.
name: Khristy, Joel
name: Xu, Fei
name: Krishnamurthy, Adarsh
name: Hsu, Ming-Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Immersogeometric analysis (IMGA) is a geometrically flexible method that enables one to perform multiphysics analysis directly using complex computer-aided design (CAD) models. In this paper, we develop a novel IMGA approach for simulating incompressible and compressible flows around complex geometries represented by point clouds. The point cloud object's geometry is represented using a set of unstructured points in the Euclidean space with (possible) orientation information in the form of surface normals. Due to the absence of topological information in the point cloud model, there are no guarantees for the geometric representation to be watertight or 2-manifold or to have consistent normals. To perform IMGA directly using point cloud geometries, we first develop a method for estimating the inside-outside information and the surface normals directly from the point cloud. We also propose a method to compute the Jacobian determinant for the surface integration (over the point cloud) necessary for the weak enforcement of Dirichlet boundary conditions. We validate these geometric estimation methods by comparing the geometric quantities computed from the point cloud with those obtained from analytical geometry and tessellated CAD models. In this work, we also develop thermal IMGA to simulate heat transfer in the presence of flow over complex geometries. The proposed framework is tested for a wide range of Reynolds and Mach numbers on benchmark problems of geometries represented by point clouds, showing the robustness and accuracy of the method. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach by performing IMGA on large industrial-scale construction machinery represented using a point cloud of more than 12 million points.
description: 30 pages + references; Accepted in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Fusarium proliferatum and fumonisin B1 co-occur with Fusarium species causing Fusarium Head Blight in durum wheat in Italy
Creators: name: Amato, Barbara
name: Pfohl, Katharina
name: Tonti, Stefano
name: Nipoti, Paola
name: Dastjerdi, Raana
name: Pisi, Annamaria
name: Karlovsky, Petr
name: Prodi, Antonio
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality
Year: 2015
Subjects: Fusarium head blight (FHB);Fusarium proliferatum; fumonisins in wheat

description: Fusarium Head Blight caused by phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. with Fusarium graminearum as main causal agent is a major disease of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Mycotoxins in wheat are dominated by trichothecenes B. Fumonisins have only occasionally been reported from wheat; their occurrence was attributed to Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioides.
We investigated kernels of durum wheat grown in Italy in 2008 - 2010 for colonization with Fusarium spp. and for the content of Fusarium mycotoxins. Fungal biomass was determined using species-specific qPCR and mycotoxins were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum were dominating Fusarium species, followed by Fusarium poae, Fusarium tricinctum, and Fusarium proliferatum. No Fusarium verticillioides DNA was found. Toxicologically relevant levels of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol but no trichothecenes A were detected. Enniatins, fumonisin B1 and beauvericin were present in grain in all three years. Based on these results and on the evaluation of previous published reports, we hypothesize that low levels of fumonisins commonly occur in wheat grains produced in warm climate; they may remain undetected as long as mycotoxin monitoring programs for wheat do not include fumonisins. The only relevant source of fumonisins in wheat grain appears to be Fusarium proliferatum.
description: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Vol 88 (2015): Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality
GNN-Geo: A Graph Neural Network-based Fine-grained IP geolocation Framework
Creators: name: Ding, Shichang
name: Luo, Xiangyang
name: Wang, Jinwei
name: Fu, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rule-based fine-grained IP geolocation methods are hard to generalize in computer networks which do not follow hypothetical rules. Recently, deep learning methods, like multi-layer perceptron (MLP), are tried to increase generalization capabilities. However, MLP is not so suitable for graph-structured data like networks. MLP treats IP addresses as isolated instances and ignores the connection information, which limits geolocation accuracy. In this work, we research how to increase the generalization capability with an emerging graph deep learning method -- Graph Neural Network (GNN). First, IP geolocation is re-formulated as an attributed graph node regression problem. Then, we propose a GNN-based IP geolocation framework named GNN-Geo. GNN-Geo consists of a preprocessor, an encoder, messaging passing (MP) layers and a decoder. The preprocessor and encoder transform measurement data into the initial node embeddings. MP layers refine the initial node embeddings by modeling the connection information. The decoder maps the refined embeddings to nodes' locations and relieves the convergence problem by considering prior knowledge. The experiments in 8 real-world IPv4/IPv6 networks in North America, Europe and Asia show the proposed GNN-Geo clearly outperforms the state-of-art rule-based and learning-based baselines. This work verifies the great potential of GNN for fine-grained IP geolocation.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering (TNSE). This is the author's version which has not been fully edited and content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TNSE.2023.3266752
title: "Statuetta di Artemide", arte romana, inv. CCLXXXV (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ciccarello, Giulia
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
A Canonical Complex Structure and the Bosonic Signature Operator for Scalar Fields in Globally Hyperbolic Spacetimes
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Much, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bosonic signature operator is defined for Klein-Gordon fields and massless scalar fields on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds of infinite lifetime. The construction is based on an analysis of families of solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation with a varying mass parameter. It makes use of the so-called bosonic mass oscillation property which states that integrating over the mass parameter generates decay of the field at infinity. We derive a canonical decomposition of the solution space of the Klein-Gordon equation into two subspaces, independent of observers or the choice of coordinates. This decomposition endows the solution space with a canonical complex structure. It also gives rise to a distinguished quasi-free state. Taking a suitable limit where the mass tends to zero, we obtain corresponding results for massless fields. Our constructions and results are illustrated in the examples of Minkowski space and ultrastatic spacetimes.
description: 20 pages, LaTeX, many smaller improvements (published version)
Accretion variability in RU Lup
Creators: name: Stock, Camille
name: McGinnis, Pauline
name: Garatti, Alessio Caratti o
name: Natta, Antonella
name: Ray, Tom P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of accretion in classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) has been observed to vary on different timescales. Studying this variability is vital to understanding a star's evolution and provides insight into the complex processes at work within. Understanding the dichotomy between continuum veiling and emission line veiling is integral to accurately measuring the amount of veiling present in stellar spectra. Here, 15 roughly consecutive nights of optical spectroscopic data from the spectropolarimeter ESPaDOnS are utilised to characterise the short-term accretion activity in the CTTS, RU Lup, and investigate its relationship with the veiling in the LiI 6707A absorption line. The accretion-tracing HI Balmer series emission lines were studied and used to obtain the accretion luminosity (Lacc) and mass accretion rate (Macc) for each night, which vary by a factor of ~2 between the brightest and dimmest nights. We also measured the veiling using multiple photospheric absorption lines (NaI 5688A, MnI 6021A, and LiI 6707A) for each night. We find the LiI 6707A line provides measurements of veiling that produce a strong, positive correlation with Lacc in the star. When corrected for Li depletion, the average veiling measured in the LiI 6707A line is r_LiI(avg)~3.25+/-0.20, which is consistent with the other photospheric lines studied (r_avg~3.28+/-0.65). We measured short timescale variability in the Lacc and Macc that are intrinsic and not due to geometric effects. Upon comparing the changes in veiling and Lacc, we find a strong, positive correlation. This study provides an example of how this correlation can be used as a tool to determine whether a measured variability is due to extinction or an intrinsic change in accretion. As the determination of veiling is an independent process from measuring Lacc, their relationship allows further exploration of accretion phenomena in young stars.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. (including appendicies)
Deep Learning Based Cloud Cover Parameterization for ICON
Creators: name: Grundner, Arthur
name: Beucler, Tom
name: Gentine, Pierre
name: Iglesias-Suarez, Fernando
name: Giorgetta, Marco A.
name: Eyring, Veronika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A promising approach to improve cloud parameterizations within climate models and thus climate projections is to use deep learning in combination with training data from storm-resolving model (SRM) simulations. The ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) modeling framework permits simulations ranging from numerical weather prediction to climate projections, making it an ideal target to develop neural network (NN) based parameterizations for sub-grid scale processes. Within the ICON framework, we train NN based cloud cover parameterizations with coarse-grained data based on realistic regional and global ICON SRM simulations. We set up three different types of NNs that differ in the degree of vertical locality they assume for diagnosing cloud cover from coarse-grained atmospheric state variables. The NNs accurately estimate sub-grid scale cloud cover from coarse-grained data that has similar geographical characteristics as their training data. Additionally, globally trained NNs can reproduce sub-grid scale cloud cover of the regional SRM simulation. Using the game-theory based interpretability library SHapley Additive exPlanations, we identify an overemphasis on specific humidity and cloud ice as the reason why our column-based NN cannot perfectly generalize from the global to the regional coarse-grained SRM data. The interpretability tool also helps visualize similarities and differences in feature importance between regionally and globally trained column-based NNs, and reveals a local relationship between their cloud cover predictions and the thermodynamic environment. Our results show the potential of deep learning to derive accurate yet interpretable cloud cover parameterizations from global SRMs, and suggest that neighborhood-based models may be a good compromise between accuracy and generalizability.
description: 42 pages, 17 figures, Submitted to 'Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems' (JAMES)
Neutral-current neutrino cross section and expected supernova signals for $^{40}$Ar from a three-fold increase in the magnetic dipole strength
Creators: name: Tornow, W.
name: Tonchev, A. P.
name: Finch, S. W.
name: Krishichayan
name: Wang, X. B.
name: Hayes, A. C.
name: Yeomans, H. G. D.
name: Newmark, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of the great interest in liquid argon neutrino detectors, the $^{40}$Ar($γ,γ'$)$^{40}$Ar$^{*}$ reaction was revisited to guide a calculation of the neutral current neutrino cross section at supernova energies. Using the nuclear resonance fluorescence technique with a monoenergetic, 99% linearly polarized photon beam, we report a three-fold increase in magnetic dipole strength at around 10 MeV in $^{40}$Ar. Based on shell-model calculations, and using the experimentally identified transitions, the neutral current neutrino cross sections for low-energy reactions on $^{40}$Ar are calculated.
An effective model for the quantum Schwarzschild black hole
Creators: name: Alonso-Bardaji, Asier
name: Brizuela, David
name: Vera, Raül
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an effective theory to describe the quantization of spherically symmetric vacuum in loop quantum gravity. We include anomaly-free holonomy corrections through a canonical transformation of the Hamiltonian of general relativity, such that the modified constraint algebra closes. The system is then provided with a fully covariant and unambigous geometric description, independent of the gauge choice on the phase space. The resulting spacetime corresponds to a singularity-free (black-hole/white-hole) interior and two asymptotically flat exterior regions of equal mass. The interior region contains a minimal smooth spacelike surface that replaces the Schwarzschild singularity. We find the global causal structure and the maximal analytical extension. Both Minkowski and Schwarzschild spacetimes are directly recovered as particular limits of the model.
description: 6 pages, one figure. Minor changes to match the published version, and one reference updated
Interacting fermions in 1D disordered lattices: Exploring localization and transport properties with lattice density-functional theories
Creators: name: Vettchinkina, V.
name: Kartsev, A.
name: Karlsson, D.
name: Verdozzi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the static and dynamical behavior of 1D interacting fermions in disordered Hubbard chains, contacted to semi-infinite leads. The chains are described via the repulsive Anderson-Hubbard Hamiltonian, using static and time-dependent lattice density-functional theory. The dynamical behavior of our quantum transport system is performed via an integration scheme available in the literature, which we modify via the recursive Lanczos method, to increase its efficiency. To quantify the degree of localization due to disorder and interactions, we adapt the definition of the inverse participation ratio to obtain an indicator which is both suitable for quantum transport geometries and which can be obtained within density-functional theory. Lattice density functional theories are reviewed and, for contacted chains, we analyze the merits and limits of the coherent-potential approximation in describing the spectral properties, with interactions included via lattice density functional theory. Our approach appears to able to capture complex features due to the competition between disorder and interactions. Specifically, we find a dynamical enhancement of delocalization in presence of a finite bias, and an increase of the steady-state current induced by inter-particle interactions. This behavior is corroborated by results for the time-dependent densities and for the inverse participation ratio. Using short isolated chains with interaction and disorder, a brief comparative analysis between time-dependent density-functional theory and exact results is then given, followed by general conclusive remarks.
description: typos corrected; references added; minor changes to Fig.4
Applying unsupervised learning to resolve evolutionary histories and explore the galaxy-halo connection in IllustrisTNG
Creators: name: Fraser, Tristan Sohrab
name: Tojeiro, Rita
name: Chittenden, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effectiveness of identifying distinct evolutionary histories in IllustrisTNG-100 galaxies using unsupervised machine learning with Gaussian Mixture Models. We focus on how clustering compressed metallicity histories and star formation histories produces subpopulations of galaxies with distinct evolutionary properties (for both halo mass assembly and merger histories). By contrast, clustering with photometric colours fail to resolve such histories. We identify several populations of interest that reflect a variety of evolutionary scenarios supported by the literature. Notably, we identify a population of galaxies inhabiting the upper-red sequence, $M_{*} > 10^{10} M_{\odot}$ that has a significantly higher ex-situ merger mass fraction present at fixed masses, and a star formation history that has yet to fully quench, in contrast to an overlapping, satellite-dominated population along the red sequence, which is distinctly quiescent. Extending the clustering to study four clusters instead of three further divides quiescent galaxies, while star forming ones are mostly contained in a single cluster, demonstrating a variety of supported pathways to quenching. In addition to these populations, we identify a handful of populations from our other clusters that are readily applicable to observational surveys, including a population related to post starburst (PSB) galaxies, allowing for possible extensions of this work in an observational context, and to corroborate results within the IllustrisTNG ecosystem.
description: Version accepted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) following referee comments and substantial changes. 11 figures, 4 tables, 19 pages
Properties of Type Iax Supernova 2019muj in the Late Phase: Existence, Nature and Origin of the Iron-rich Dense Core
Creators: name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Kawabata, Miho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Iax Supernovae (SNe Iax) form a class of peculiar SNe Ia, whose early-phase spectra share main spectral line identifications with canonical SNe Ia but with higher ionization and much lower line velocities. Their late-time behaviors deviate from usual SNe Ia in many respects; SNe Iax keep showing photospheric spectra over several 100 days and the luminosity decline is very slow. In the present work, we study the late-time spectra of SN Iax 2019muj including a newly-presented spectrum at ~500 days. The spectrum is still dominated by allowed transitions but with lower ionization state, with possible detection of [O I]6300, 6363. By comprehensively examining the spectral formation processes of allowed transitions (Fe II, Fe I, and the Ca II NIR triplet) and forbidden transitions ([Ca II]7292, 7324 and the [O I]), we quantitatively constrain the nature of the innermost region and find that it is distinct from the outer ejecta; the mass of the innermost component is ~0.03 Msun dominated by Fe (which can be initially 56Ni), expanding with the velocity of ~760 km/s. We argue that the nature of the inner component is explained by the failed/weak white-dwarf thermonuclear explosion scenario. We suggest that a fraction of the 56Ni-rich materials initially confined in (the envelope of) the bound remnant can later be ejected by the energy input through the 56Ni/Co/Fe decay, forming the `second' unbound ejecta component which manifests itself as the inner dense component seen in the late phase.
description: 35 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes in Spin-flip Radio Galaxies
Creators: name: Liu, F. K.
name: Wang, Dong
name: Chen, Xian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical relativity simulations predict that coalescence of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries not only leads to a spin flip but also to a recoiling of the merger remnant SMBHs. In the literature, X-shaped radio sources are popularly suggested to be candidates for SMBH mergers with spin flip of jet-ejecting SMBHs. Here we investigate the spectral and spatial observational signatures of the recoiling SMBHs in radio sources undergoing black hole spin flip. Our results show that SMBHs in most spin-flip radio sources have mass ratio $q\ga 0.3$ with a minimum possible value $q_{\rm min} \simeq 0.05$. For major mergers, the remnant SMBHs can get a kick velocity as high as $2100 km s^{-1}$ in the direction within an angle $\la 40^\circ$ relative to the spin axes of remnant SMBHs, implying that recoiling quasars are biased to be with high Doppler-shifted broad emission lines while recoiling radio galaxies are biased to large apparent spatial off-center displacements. We also calculate the distribution functions of line-of-sight velocity and apparent spatial off-center for spin-flip radio sources with different apparent jet reorientation angles. Our results show that the larger the apparent jet reorientation angle is, the larger the Doppler-shifting recoiling velocity and apparent spatial off-center displacement will be. We investigate the effects of recoiling velocity on the dust torus in spin-flip radio sources and suggest that recoiling of SMBHs would lead to "dust poor" AGNs. Finally, we collect a sample of 19 X-shaped radio objects and for each object give the probability of detecting the predicted signatures of recoiling SMBH.
description: 47 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ
The Birth of Laïcité: French Secular Governmentality
Creators: name: Di Carlo, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Michel Foucault, Governmentality, Biopolitics, Biopower, Laïcité, Islam, Religion, France, Macron, Education, Security

description: By positing the idea that French Laïcité (loosely understood as 'state secularism') is not the product of the 1905 law but of the contemporary debate on Islam in France, this paper aims to show that Laïcité has been recently weaponised by both right-wing and left-wing parties to question the belonging of Islam to France. This will be done by relying on the Foucaudian notion of governmentality.
Review: Topology of solitons and singular defects in chiral liquid crystals
Creators: name: Wu, Jin-Sheng
name: Smalyukh, Ivan I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Widely known for their uses in displays and electro-optics, liquid crystals are more than just technological marvels. They vividly reveal the topology and structure of various solitonic and singular field configurations, often markedly resembling the ones arising in many field theories and in the areas ranging from particle physics to optics, hard condensed matter and cosmology. In this review, we focus on chiral nematic liquid crystals to show how these experimentally highly accessible systems provide valuable insights into the structure and behavior of fractional, full, and multi-integer two-dimensional skyrmions, dislocations and both abelian and non-abelian defect lines, as well as various three-dimensionally localized, often knotted structures that include hopfions, heliknotons, torons and twistions. We provide comparisons of some of these field configurations with their topological counterparts in chiral magnets, discussing close analogies between these two condensed matter systems.
description: 96 pages including 22 figures. Submitted to Liquid Crystals Reviews
Effects of Inner Halo Angular Momentum on the Peanut/X-shapes of Bars
Creators: name: Kataria, Sandeep Kumar
name: Shen, Juntai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological simulations show that dark matter halos surrounding baryonic disks have a wide range of angular momenta, measured by the spin parameter ($λ$). In this study, we bring out the importance of inner angular momentum($<$30 kpc), measured in terms of the halo spin parameter, on the secular evolution of the bar using N-body simulations. We have varied the halo spin parameter $λ$ from 0 to 0.1 for co-rotating (prograde) spinning halos and one counter-rotating (retrograde) halo spin ($λ$=-0.1) with respect to the disk. We report that as the halo spin increases, the buckling is also triggered earlier and is followed by a second buckling phase in high-spin halo models. The timescale for the second buckling is significantly longer than the first buckling. We find that bar strength does not reduce significantly after the buckling in all of our models, which provides new insights about the role of inner halo angular momentum, unlike previous studies. Also, the buckled bar can still transfer significant angular momentum to the halo in the secular evolution phase, but it reduces with increasing halo spin. In the secular evolution phase, the bar strength increases and saturates to nearly equal values for all the models irrespective of halo spin and the sense of rotation with respect to the disk. The final boxy/peanut shape is more pronounced ($\sim$20 $\%$) in high spin halos having higher angular momentum in the inner region compared to non-rotating halos. We explain our results with angular momentum exchanges between the disk and halo.
description: 14 pages,13 figures, 2 tables; Accepted for publication in ApJ
Maneuvering Hydrodynamics of Ellipsoidal Forms
Creators: name: Miloh, Touvia
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 1977
Subjects: classificationCode: 52.00
subject: Maschinenbau, Energietechnik, Fertigungstechnik: Allgemeines

description: The hydrodynamical forces and moments acting on a tri-axial ellipsoid moving in an incompressible and inviscid fluid are analysed. The rigid ellipsoid is allowed to move in the most general manner with time dependent velocity and six degrees of freedom. The force and moment express ions are obtained by applying the Lagally theorem to the image singularities system representing the body in the presence of exterior disturbances. First expressions for the Lagally force and moment acting on a maneuvering ellipsoid in an unbounded medium are derived and then these express ions are generalized to include the effect of an exterior source moving in an arbitrary manner. It is also shown how the Lagally expressions for an exterior source can be used to obtain closed form express ions for the hydrodynamical forces and moments acting on a maneuvering ellipsoid in the presence of arbitrary exterior disturbance. The analysis which is based on the application of ellipsoidal harmonics is demonstrated in a simple case of propeller-hull interaction. Here the motion of the ellipsoid is restricted to the major axis and the propeller at the stern is represented by an isolated sink in accordance with Dickmann's model. Practical expressions for the thrust deduction coefficient, wake fraction and propeller induced vibration are then derived for ellipsoidal, spheroidal and spherical hulls.
Relatório ao Produtor: Alheira de Bragança
Creators: name: Gonzales-Barron, Ursula
name: Cadavez, Vasco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Non-RTE
Microbiological characterisation
Physicochemical properties
Survey

description: Report on microbiological and physicochemical characterisation of alheiras elaborated by a regional factory in Bragança, Portugal.
On the convergence from Boltzmann to Navier-Stokes-Fourier for general initial data
Creators: name: Gervais, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C40, 35B40, 35B45, 35B30

description: In this work, we prove the convergence of strong solutions of the Boltzman equation, for initial data having polynomial decay in the velocity variable, towards those of the incompressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier system. We show in particular that the solutions of the rescaled Boltzmann equation do not blow up before their hydrodynamic limit does. This is made possible by adapting a strategy introduced by M. Briant, S. Merino and C. Mouhot of writing the solution to the Boltzmann equation as the sum a part with polynomial decay and a second one with Gaussian decay. The Gaussian part is treated with an approach reminiscent of the one used by I. Gallagher and I. Tristani.
Torus one-point correlation numbers in minimal Liouville gravity
Creators: name: Artemev, Aleksandr
name: Belavin, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for the first principles calculation of tachyon one-point amplitudes in $(2,2p+1)$ minimal Liouville gravity defined on a torus. The method is based on the higher equations of motion in the Liouville CFT. These equations were earlier successfully applied for analytic calculations of the amplitudes in the spherical topology. We show that this approach allows to reduce the moduli integrals entering the definition of the torus amplitudes to certain boundary contributions, which can be calculated explicitly. The results agree with the calculations performed in the matrix models approach.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure; v2 - typos fixed