cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium statistical mechanics for self-gravitating systems: local ergodicity and extended Boltzmann-Gibbs/White-Narayan statistics
Creators: name: He, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-standing puzzle surrounding the statistical mechanics of self-gravitating systems has not yet been solved successfully. We formulate a systematic theoretical framework of entropy-based statistical mechanics for spherically symmetric collisionless self-gravitating systems. We use an approach that is very different from that of the conventional statistical mechanics of short-range interaction systems. We demonstrate that the equilibrium states of self-gravitating systems consist of both mechanical and statistical equilibria, with the former characterized by a series of velocity-moment equations and the latter by statistical equilibrium equations, which should be derived from the entropy principle. The velocity-moment equations of all orders are derived from the steady-state collisionless Boltzmann equation. We point out that the ergodicity is invalid for the whole self-gravitating systems, but it can be re-established locally. Based on the local ergodicity, using Fermi-Dirac-like statistics, with the nondegenerate condition and the spatial independence of the local microstates, we rederive the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. This is consistent with the validity of the collisionless Boltzmann equation, and should be the correct entropy form for collisionless self-gravitating systems. Apart from the usual constraints of mass and energy conservation, we demonstrate that the series of moment or virialization equations must be included as additional constraints on the entropy functional when performing the variational calculus; this is an extension to the original prescription by White & Narayan. Any possible velocity distribution can be produced by the statistical-mechanical approach that we have developed with the extended Boltzmann-Gibbs/White-Narayan statistics. Finally, we discuss the questions of negative specific heat and ensemble inequivalence for self-gravitating systems.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS, in the press
Basic Facts About Low-Income Children: Birth to Age 3
Creators: name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
name: Chau, Michelle M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Fact sheet about low-income children, birth to age 3.
Dephasing of electron spin qubits due to their interaction with nuclei in quantum dots
Creators: name: Cywiński, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherence of spins of electrons confined in III-V quantum dots is strongly affected by their hyperfine interaction with the nuclei. In this paper an introduction to this subject will be given. Some theoretical approaches to the problem will be outlined. Most attention will be given to the Quasi-Static Bath Approximation, to the cluster expansion theories of dephasing due to the nuclear dynamics induced by the dipolar interactions (spectral diffusion), and to the effective Hamiltonian based theory of dephasing due to hyperfine-mediated interactions. The connections between the theoretical results and various experiments will be emphasized.
description: An invited review, Proceedings of 39th "Jaszowiec" International School and Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, Krynica 2010, Poland. Journal version available online at http://przyrbwn.icm.edu.pl/APP/ABSTR/119/a119-5-2.html
PHENIX results on the Levy analysis of the Bode-Einstein correlation functions
Creators: name: Csanad, Mate
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: wpcf17
phenix
levy
bose-einstein
correlations
au+au
run10
pion
hbt

description: Talk presented at the Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy 2017 conference
Post-post-Newtonian light propagation without integrating the geodesic equations
Creators: name: Teyssandier, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new derivation of the propagation direction of light is given for a 3-parameter family of static, spherically symmetric space-times within the post-post-Newtonian framework. The emitter and the observer are both located at a finite distance. The case of a ray emitted at infinity is also treated.
description: 4 pages; better written, new expression for the impact parameter; presented at the Journ\'ees 2010 "Syst\`emes de R\'ef\'erence Spatio-Temporels", 20-22 September 2010, Observatoire de Paris
Dispersions, weights, and widths of the single-particle spectral function in the normal phase of a Fermi gas
Creators: name: Palestini, F.
name: Perali, A.
name: Pieri, P.
name: Strinati, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersions, weights, and widths of the peaks of the single-particle spectral function in the presence of pair correlations, for a Fermi gas with either attractive or repulsive short-range inter-particle interaction, are determined in the normal phase over a wide range of wave vectors, with a twofold purpose. The first one is to determine how these dispersions identify both an energy scale known as the pseudo-gap near the Fermi wave vector, as well as an additional energy scale related to the contact C at large wave vectors. The second one is to differentiate the behaviors of the repulsive gas from the attractive one in terms of crossing versus avoided crossing of the dispersions near the Fermi wave vector. An analogy will also be drawn between the occurrence of the pseudo-gap physics in a Fermi gas subject to pair fluctuations and the persistence of local spin waves in the normal phase of magnetic materials.
description: 18 pages, 21 figures
Expanding the operating range of permanent magnet synchronous motors by using the optimum number of phases
Creators: name: Boxriker, Miriam
name: Kolb, Johannes
name: Doppelbauer, Martin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2016
Subjects: Electrical machine
Multiphase drive
Permanent magnet motor
Electric Vehicle
Efficiency
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

description: A holistic approach to determine the optimum number of phases m of an m-phase motor in combination with an m-leg inverter for electric vehicle applications is presented. The optimum offers a significant improvement of the torque and power by approximately 9.6% over the whole operating range in comparison to a 3-phase motor and therefore enhances the power and torque density without expanding the design parameters of the machine.
One meson radiative tau decays
Creators: name: Guo, Zhi-Hui
name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the one meson radiative tau decays: tau- -> nu(tau) pi-(K-) gamma, computing the structure dependent contributions within a Lagrangian approach based on the large-N(C) limit of QCD that ensures the proper low-energy limit dictated by chiral symmetry. Upon imposing the short-distance QCD constraints to the form-factors we are able to predict without any free parameter the structure dependent radiation and, therefore, the relevant observables for the decay tau- -> nu(tau) pi- gamma: the photon energy spectrum, the invariant mass spectrum of the meson-photon system and the integrated decay rate. We also discuss the remaining uncertainties in these observables for the tau- -> nu(tau) K- gamma decay. According to our results, the present facilities could detect these rare decays for the first time in the near future allowing for a stringent test of our predictions.
description: 40 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Published version: discussion on the QCD short distance behavior added in Section VI and corresponding references included too; numerical results and conclusions not changed
Basic Facts About Low-income Children: Children Aged 6 through 11 Years, 2012
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Similarly, among children age 6 through 11 years in middle childhood, 45 percent live in low-income families and 22 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children's experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics of children in middle childhood and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Scheme to measure Majorana fermion lifetimes using a quantum dot
Creators: name: Leijnse, Martin
name: Flensberg, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a setup to measure the lifetime of the parity of a pair of Majorana bound states. The proposed experiment has one edge Majorana state tunnel coupled to a quantum dot, which in turn is coupled to a metallic electrode. When the Majorana Fermions overlap, even a small relaxation rate qualitatively changes the non-linear transport spectrum, and for strong overlap the lifetime can be read off directly from the height of a current peak. This is important for the usage of Majorana Fermions as a platform for topological quantum computing, where the parity relaxation is a limiting factor.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Published version
Strong at the Broken Places: The Resiliency of Low-Income Parents
Creators: name: Wilson-Simmons, Renee
name: Jiang, Yang
name: Aratani, Yumiko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Resilience (Personality trait)
Parenting
Low-income parents
Poor families
Social skills in children

description: Despite the multitude of obstacles that low-income parents face, many of them succeed in helping their children flourish. They raise children who possess the social-emotional competence needed to develop and keep friendships; establish good relationships with parents, teachers, and other adults; and experience a range of achievements that contribute to their selfconfidence, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. What can we learn about these resilient parents that can be shared with other parents who could benefit from such information, as well as with those who are committed to supporting parents’ efforts to nurture their children? What types of policies and programs have been shown to promote parents’ resiliency and, in turn, their children’s? This policy report provides some of the answers to these questions.
Unfolding-based corrector estimates for a reaction-diffusion system predicting concrete corrosion
Creators: name: Fatima, Tasnim
name: Muntean, adrian
name: Ptashnyk, Mariya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use the periodic unfolding technique to derive corrector estimates for a reaction-diffusion system describing concrete corrosion penetration in the sewer pipes. The system, defined in a periodically-perforated domain, is semi-linear, partially dissipative, and coupled via a non-linear ordinary differential equation posed on the solid-water interface at the pore level. After discussing the solvability of the pore scale model, we apply the periodic unfolding techniques (adapted to treat the presence of perforations) not only to get upscaled model equations, but also to prepare a proper framework for getting a convergence rate (corrector estimates) of the averaging procedure.
description: 23 pages, one figure
Basic Facts About Low-Income Children: Birth to Age 3
Creators: name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
name: Chau, Michelle M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Fact sheet about low-income children, birth to age 3.
Large deviations and heterogeneities in a driven kinetically constrained model
Creators: name: Turci, Francesco
name: Pitard, Estelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetically Constrained Models (KCMs) have been widely studied in the context of glassy dynamics, focusing on the influence of dynamical constraints on the slowing down of the dynamics of a macroscopic system. In these models, it has been shown using the thermodynamic formalism for histories, that there is a coexistence between an active and an inactive phase. This coexistence can be described by a first-order transition, and a related discontinuity in the derivative of the large deviation function for the activity. We show that adding a driving field to a KCM model does not destroy this first-order transition for the activity. Moreover, a singularity is also found in the large deviation function of the current at large fields. We relate for the first time this property to microscopic structures, in particular the heterogeneous, intermittent dynamics of the particles, transient shear-banding and blocking walls. We describe both the shear-thinning and the shear-thickening regimes, and find that the behaviour of the current is well reproduced by a simple model.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Basic Facts About Low-Income Adolescents: Age 12 to 18
Creators: name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
name: Chau, Michelle M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Poor teenagers
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Fact sheet about low-income adolescents, age 12 to 18
PHENIX results on centrality and beam energy dependent Levy HBT analysis
Creators: name: Lokos, Sandor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: wpcf17
phenix
correlations
hbt
levy
bose-einstein
au+au
pion
run10

description: Talk presented at the Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy 2017 conference
Basic Facts About Low-income Children: Children Aged 12 through 17 Years, 2011
Creators: name: Addy, Sophia D.
name: Englehardt, William
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children represent 24 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. 1 Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Among our oldest children, adolescents 12 through 17 years of age, 41 percent live in low-income families and 19 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children’s experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents’ education and employment. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of adolescents and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Multiplicative Attribute Graph Model of Real-World Networks
Creators: name: Kim, Myunghwan
name: Leskovec, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale real-world network data such as social and information networks are ubiquitous. The study of such social and information networks seeks to find patterns and explain their emergence through tractable models. In most networks, and especially in social networks, nodes have a rich set of attributes (e.g., age, gender) associated with them. Here we present a model that we refer to as the Multiplicative Attribute Graphs (MAG), which naturally captures the interactions between the network structure and the node attributes. We consider a model where each node has a vector of categorical latent attributes associated with it. The probability of an edge between a pair of nodes then depends on the product of individual attribute-attribute affinities. The model yields itself to mathematical analysis and we derive thresholds for the connectivity and the emergence of the giant connected component, and show that the model gives rise to networks with a constant diameter. We analyze the degree distribution to show that MAG model can produce networks with either log-normal or power-law degree distributions depending on certain conditions.
description: 33 pages, 6 figures
Most Low-Income Parents are Employed
Creators: name: Douglas-Hall, Ayana
name: Chau, Michelle M.
name: Koball, Heather
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Poor children
Unemployed
Low-income parents
Poor families

description: Despite low levels of unemployment, average household income has declined substantially since 2000. The number of children living in low-income families has continued to rise. Programs that provide supports for low-income, working parents can increase income and child well-being.
Renyi's information transfer between financial time series
Creators: name: Jizba, Petr
name: Kleinert, Hagen
name: Shefaat, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we quantify the statistical coherence between financial time series by means of the Renyi entropy. With the help of Campbell's coding theorem we show that the Renyi entropy selectively emphasizes only certain sectors of the underlying empirical distribution while strongly suppressing others. This accentuation is controlled with Renyi's parameter q. To tackle the issue of the information flow between time series we formulate the concept of Renyi's transfer entropy as a measure of information that is transferred only between certain parts of underlying distributions. This is particularly pertinent in financial time series where the knowledge of marginal events such as spikes or sudden jumps is of a crucial importance. We apply the Renyian information flow to stock market time series from 11 world stock indices as sampled at a daily rate in the time period 02.01.1990 - 31.12.2009. Corresponding heat maps and net information flows are represented graphically. A detailed discussion of the transfer entropy between the DAX and S&P500 indices based on minute tick data gathered in the period from 02.04.2008 to 11.09.2009 is also provided. Our analysis shows that the bivariate information flow between world markets is strongly asymmetric with a distinct information surplus flowing from the Asia-Pacific region to both European and US markets. An important yet less dramatic excess of information also flows from Europe to the US. This is particularly clearly seen from a careful analysis of Renyi information flow between the DAX and S&P500 indices.
description: 35 pages, 16 figure, RevTeX4, revised version with minor changes, accepted to Physica A
Warming up brane-antibrane inflation
Creators: name: Bastero-Gil, Mar
name: Berera, Arjun
name: Rosa, Joao G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, in constructions with additional intersecting D-branes, brane-antibrane inflation may naturally occur in a warm regime, such that strong dissipative effects damp the inflaton's motion, greatly alleviating the associated eta-problem. We illustrate this for D3-antiD3 inflation in flat space with additional flavor D7-branes, where for both a Coulomb-like or a quadratic hybrid potential a sufficient number of e-folds may be obtained for perturbative couplings and O(10-10^4) branes. This is in clear contrast with the corresponding cold scenarios, thus setting the stage for more realistic constructions within fully stabilized compactifications. Such models generically predict a negligible amount of tensor perturbations and non-gaussianity f_NL \sim O(10).
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; version to be published in Physical Review D
Graphene as a non-magnetic spin-current lens
Creators: name: Guimarães, F. S. M.
name: Costa, A. T.
name: Muniz, R. B.
name: Ferreira, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spintronics, the ability to transport magnetic information often depends on the existence of a spin current traveling between two different magnetic objects acting as source and probe. A large fraction of this information never reaches the probe and is lost because the spin current tends to travel omni-directionally. We propose that a curved boundary between a gated and a non-gated region within graphene acts as an ideal lens for spin currents despite being entirely of non-magnetic nature. We show as a proof of concept that such lenses can be utilized to redirect the spin current that travels away from a source onto a focus region where a magnetic probe is located, saving a considerable fraction of the magnetic information that would be otherwise lost.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 6 Years, 2014
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Young children under age 6 years appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 47 percent living in low-income and 24 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of young children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Reweighting NNPDFs: the W lepton asymmetry
Creators: name: The NNPDF Collaboration
name: Ball, Richard D.
name: Bertone, Valerio
name: Cerutti, Francesco
name: Del Debbio, Luigi
name: Forte, Stefano
name: Guffanti, Alberto
name: Latorre, Jose I.
name: Rojo, Juan
name: Ubiali, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for incorporating the information contained in new datasets into an existing set of parton distribution functions without the need for refitting. The method involves reweighting the ensemble of parton densities through the computation of the chi-square to the new dataset. We explain how reweighting may be used to assess the impact of any new data or pseudodata on parton densities and thus on their predictions. We show that the method works by considering the addition of inclusive jet data to a DIS+DY fit, and comparing to the refitted distribution. We then use reweighting to determine the impact of recent high statistics lepton asymmetry data from the D0 experiment on the NNPDF2.0 parton set. We find that the D0 inclusive muon and electron data are perfectly compatible with the rest of the data included in the NNPDF2.0 analysis and impose additional constraints on the large-x d/u ratio. The more exclusive D0 electron datasets are however inconsistent both with the other datasets and among themselves, suggesting that here the experimental uncertainties have been underestimated.
description: 36 pages, 22 figures: errors in Eqns.12,36,37 corrected and parts of Figs.1,6,10,13,15,19 replaced
Ehrenfest time dependence of quantum transport corrections and spectral statistics
Creators: name: Waltner, Daniel
name: Kuipers, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ehrenfest time scale in quantum transport separates essentially classical propagation from wave interference and here we consider its effect on the transmission and reflection through quantum dots. In particular we calculate the Ehrenfest time dependence of the next-to-leading-order quantum corrections to the transmission and reflection for dc and ac transport and check that our results are consistent with current conservation relations. Looking as well at closed systems, we finally demonstrate how the contributions analyzed here imply changes in the calculation given in [P. W. Brouwer, S. Rahav and C. Tian, Phys. Rev. E, 74, 066208 (2006)] of the next to leading order of the spectral form factor. Our semiclassical result coincides with the result obtained in [C. Tian and A. I. Larkin, Phys. Rev. B, 70, 035305 (2004)] by field-theoretical methods.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Basic Facts About Low-income Children: Children Aged 6 through 11 Years, 2011
Creators: name: Addy, Sophia D.
name: Englehardt, William
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children represent 24 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. 1 Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Among children 6 through 11 years old in middle childhood, 45 percent live in low-income families and 22 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children’s experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents’ education and employment. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics of children in middle childhood and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Composite excitation of Josephson phase and spin waves in Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic insulator
Creators: name: Hikino, S.
name: Mori, M.
name: Takahashi, S.
name: Maekawa, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupling of Josephson-phase and spin-waves is theoretically studied in a superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor (S/FI/S) junction. Electromagnetic (EM) field inside the junction and the Josephson current coupled with spin-waves in FI are calculated by combining Maxwell and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations. In the S/FI/S junction, it is found that the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic shows two resonant peaks. Voltages at the resonant peaks are obtained as a function of the normal modes of EM field, which indicates a composite excitation of the EM field and spin-waves in the S/FI/S junction. We also examine another type of junction, in which a nonmagnetic insulator (I) is located at one of interfaces between S and FI. In such a S/I/FI/S junction, three resonant peaks appear in the I-V curve, since the Josephson-phase couples to the EM field in the I layer.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Large Tandem, Higher Order Repeats and Regularly Dispersed Repeat Units Contribute Substantially to Divergence Between Human and Chimpanzee Y Chromosomes
Creators: name: Paar, Vladimir
name: Glunčić, Matko
name: Basar, Ivan
name: Rosandić, Marija
name: Paar, Petar
name: Cvitković, Mislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Comparison of human and chimpanzee genomes has received much attention, because of paramount role for understanding evolutionary step distinguishing us from our closest living relative. In order to contribute to insight into Y chromosome evolutionary history, we study and compare tandems, higher order repeats (HORs), and regularly dispersed repeats in human and chimpanzee Y chromosome contigs, using robust Global Repeat Map algorithm. We find a new type of long-range acceleration, human-accelerated HOR regions. In peripheral domains of 35mer human alphoid HORs, we find riddled features with ten additional repeat monomers. In chimpanzee, we identify 30mer alphoid HOR. We construct alphoid HOR schemes showing significant human-chimpanzee difference, revealing rapid evolution after human-chimpanzee separation. We identify and analyze over 20 large repeat units, most of them reported here for the first time as: chimpanzee and human ~1.6 kb 3mer secondary repeat unit (SRU) and ~23.5 kb tertiary repeat unit (~0.55 kb primary repeat unit, PRU); human 10848, 15775, 20309, 60910, and 72140 bp PRUs; human 3mer SRU (~2.4 kb PRU); 715mer and 1123mer SRUs (5mer PRU); chimpanzee 5096, 10762, 10853, 60523 bp PRUs; and chimpanzee 64624 bp SRU (10853 bp PRU). We show that substantial human-chimpanzee differences are concentrated in large repeat structures, at the level of as much as ~70% divergence, sizably exceeding previous numerical estimates for some selected noncoding sequences. Smeared over the whole sequenced assembly (25 Mb) this gives ~14% human--chimpanzee divergence. This is significantly higher estimate of divergence between human and chimpanzee than previous estimates.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, 12 tables. Published in Journal of Molecular Evolution
Basic Facts About Low-income Children: Children Under 6 Years, 2011
Creators: name: Addy, Sophia D.
name: Englehardt, William
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children represent 24 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Young children under 6 years of age appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 49 percent living in low-income families and 25 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children’s experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents’ education and employment. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of young children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
On the range of composition operators on spaces of entire functions
Creators: name: Mukherjee, S.
name: Jafari, F.
name: McInroy, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32A15, 47B33, 47B32, 46E22

description: The celebrated Paley-Wiener theorem naturally identifies the spaces of bandlimited functions with subspaces of entire functions of exponential type. Recently, it has been shown that these spaces remain invariant only under composition with affine maps. After some motivation demonstrating the importance of characterization of range spaces of bandlimited functions, in this paper we identify the subspaces of $ L^2 (\mathbb{R}) $ generated by these action. Extension of these theorems where Paley-Wiener spaces are replaced by the deBranges-Rovnyak spaces are given.
description: 11 Pages, Accepted for publication in Contemporary Mathematics, AMS
Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children Under 3 Years, 2014
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children—infants and toddlers under age 3 years—appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 47 percent living in low-income families, including 24 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
The LSP Stability and New Higgs Signals at the LHC
Creators: name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
name: Spinner, Sogee
name: Trenkel, Maike K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fate of R-parity in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model is a central issue which has profound implications for particle physics and cosmology. In this article we discuss the possibility of testing the mechanism responsible for the stability of the lightest supersymmetric particle at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The simplest theoretical framework where R-parity conservation can be explained dynamically allows for two types of B-L models. In the first scenario the new Higgses decay mainly into two right-handed neutrinos giving rise to exotic lepton number violating signals together with displaced vertices. In the second model one could have peculiar channels with multileptons and/or multiphotons in the final state. In both cases, the local B-L gauge symmetry is broken at the TeV scale and the discovery of the new Higgs bosons may be possible at the LHC. We investigate in detail the production mechanisms for the Higgs bosons relevant for the LHC and the key decays which would shed light on how R-parity is conserved. These results may help to understand the link between the cold dark matter of the universe and the missing energy that could be observed at the LHC if supersymmetry is realized in nature.
description: 39 pages, minor corrections, to appear in Physical Review D
Basic Facts about Low-income Children: Children Aged 6 through 11 Years, 2014
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Similarly, among children age 6 through 11 years in middle childhood, 45 percent live in low-income families and 22 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics of children in middle childhood and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Additional file 1 of Impacts of additive, dominance, and inbreeding depression effects on genomic evaluation by combining two SNP chips in Canadian Yorkshire pigs bred in China
Creators: name: Mei, Quanshun
name: Vitezica, Zulma G.
name: Li, Jielin
name: Zhao, Shuhong
name: Legarra, Andres
name: Xiang, Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Estimates of variance components, standard error (SE) of parameters, − 2 log likelihood (− 2LogL), AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion) from models MA, MAD, MAD*, MAI, MAID and MAID*. Table S2. Contributed additive genetic variance from the inbreeding depression effect. Table S3. P-value of likelihood ratio test based on model MA. Table S4. P-value of likelihood ratio test based on models MAI, MAD and MAD*. Table S5. P-value of inbreeding depression effect based on the Wald test. Table S6. Average genomic relationships between animals in the imputed and reference sets. Table S7. Converted classical variance components based on the genotypic variance component in models MAD and MAID.
Basic Facts About Low-income Children: Children Under 18 Years, 2011
Creators: name: Addy, Sophia D.
name: Englehardt, William
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children represent 24 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty.1 Among all children under 18 years of age, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children’s experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents’ education and employment. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
The GJ1214 Super-Earth System: Stellar Variability, New Transits, and a Search for Additional Planets
Creators: name: Berta, Zachory K.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Bean, Jacob
name: Irwin, Jonathan
name: Burke, Christopher J.
name: Désert, Jean-Michel
name: Nutzman, Philip
name: Falco, Emilio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The super-Earth GJ1214b transits a nearby M dwarf that exhibits 1% intrinsic variability in the near-infrared. Here, we analyze new observations to refine the physical properties of both the star and planet. We present three years of out-of-transit photometric monitoring of the stellar host GJ1214 from the MEarth Observatory and find the rotation period to be long, mostly likely an integer multiple of 53 days, suggesting low levels of magnetic activity and an old age for the system. We show such variability will not pose significant problems to ongoing studies of the planet's atmosphere with transmission spectroscopy. We analyze 2 high-precision transit light curves from ESO's Very Large Telescope along with 7 others from the MEarth and FLWO 1.2 meter telescopes, finding physical parameters for the planet that are consistent with previous work. The VLT light curves show tentative evidence for spot occultations during transit. Using two years of MEarth light curves, we place limits on additional transiting planets around GJ1214 with periods out to the habitable zone of the system. We also improve upon the previous photographic V -band estimate for the star, finding V = 14.71 \pm 0.03.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, in emulateapj format. Published in ApJ. Replaced a missing reference in section 6.2
Basic Facts About Low-income Children: Children Under 3 Years, 2011
Creators: name: Addy, Sophia D.
name: Englehardt, William
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Children represent 24 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty.1 Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children, infants and toddlers under 3 years of age, appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 49 percent living in low-income families, including 26 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children’s experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents’ educational attainment and employment. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Additional file 2 of Impacts of additive, dominance, and inbreeding depression effects on genomic evaluation by combining two SNP chips in Canadian Yorkshire pigs bred in China
Creators: name: Mei, Quanshun
name: Vitezica, Zulma G.
name: Li, Jielin
name: Zhao, Shuhong
name: Legarra, Andres
name: Xiang, Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Distribution of the minor allele frequencies of the Illumina array-specific SNPs in Scenario 1 and the Affymetrix array-specific SNPs in Scenario 2. Figure S2. Effect of allele frequency on $${2{p}_{j}{q}_{j}\left({q}_{j}-{p}_{j}\right)}^{2}$$ 2 p j q j q j - p j 2 .
Centaurus A: the one extragalactic source of cosmic rays with energies above the knee
Creators: name: Biermann, Peter L.
name: de Souza, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of cosmic rays at all energies is still uncertain. In this paper we present and explore an astrophysical scenario to produce cosmic rays with energy ranging from below $10^{15}$ o $3 \times 10^{20}$ eV. We show here that just our Galaxy and the radio galaxy Cen A, each with their own galactic cosmic ray particles, but with those from the radio galaxy pushed up in energy by a relativistic shock in the jet emanating from the active black hole, are sufficient to describe the most recent data in the energy range PeV to near ZeV. Data are available over this entire energy range from the experiments KASCADE, KASCADE-Grande and Pierre Auger Observatory. The energy spectrum calculated here correctly reproduces the measured spectrum beyond the knee, and contrary to widely held expectations, no other extragalactic source population is required to explain the data, even at energies far below the general cutoff expected at $6 \times 10^{19}$ eV, the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin turn-off due to interaction with the cosmological microwave background. We present several predictions for the source population, the cosmic ray composition and the propagation to Earth which can be tested in the near future.
Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 18 Years, 2015
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Granja, Maribel R.
name: Koball, Heather
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Poor children
subject: Economics--Sociological aspects
subject: Poor--Education
subject: Poor families
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Among all children under 18 years in the U.S., 43 percent live in low-income families and 21 percent—approximately one in five—lives in a poor family. This means that children are overrepresented among our nation’s poor; they represent 23 percent of the population but comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.