cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Requisite Rigour in the Identification of Customary International Law
title: A Look at the Reports of the Special Rapporteur of the International Law Commission
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Arajärvi, Noora
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2018

description: Over the last few decades, the methodology for the identification of customary international law (CIL) has been changing. Both elements of CIL – practice and opinio juris – have assumed novel and broader forms, as noted in the Reports of the Special Rapporteur of the International Law Commission (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). This paper discusses these Reports and the draft conclusions, and reaction by States in the Sixth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), highlighting the areas of consensus and contestation. This ties to the analysis of the main doctrinal positions, with special attention being given to the two elements of CIL, and the role of the UNGA resolutions. The underlying motivation is to assess the real or perceived crisis of CIL, and the author develops the broader argument maintaining that in order to retain unity within international law, the internal limits of CIL must be carefully asserted.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 6
A quantum-information-theoretic complement to a general-relativistic implementation of a beyond-Turing computer
Creators: name: Wuthrich, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exists a growing literature on the so-called physical Church-Turing thesis in a relativistic spacetime setting. The physical Church-Turing thesis is the conjecture that no computing device that is physically realizable (even in principle) can exceed the computational barriers of a Turing machine. By suggesting a concrete implementation of a beyond-Turing computer in a spacetime setting, István Németi and Gyula Dávid (2006) have shown how an appreciation of the physical Church-Turing thesis necessitates the confluence of mathematical, computational, physical, and indeed cosmological ideas. In this essay, I will honour István's seventieth birthday, as well as his longstanding interest in, and his seminal contributions to, this field going back to as early as 1987 by modestly proposing how the concrete implementation in Németi and Dávid (2006) might be complemented by a quantum-information-theoretic communication protocol between the computing device and the logician who sets the beyond-Turing computer a task such as determining the consistency of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. This suggests that even the foundations of quantum theory and, ultimately, quantum gravity may play an important role in determining the validity of the physical Church-Turing thesis.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures. Forthcoming in Synthese. Matches published version
title: The International Law Commission and Community Interests
Creators: name: Nolte, Georg
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The paper looks at community interests in international law from the perspective of the International Law Commission. As the topics of the Commission are diverse, the outcome of its work is often seen as providing a sense of direction regarding general aspects of international law. After defining what he understands by “community interests”, the author looks at both secondary and primary rules of international law, as they have been articulated by the Commission, as well as their relevance for the recognition and implementation of community interests. The picture which emerges only partly fits the widespread narrative of “from self-interest to community interest”. Whereas the Commission has recognized, or developed, certain primary rules which more fully articulate community interests, it has been reluctant to reformulate secondary rules of international law, with the exception of jus cogens. The Commission has more recently rather insisted that the traditional State-consent-oriented secondary rules concerning the formation of customary international law and regarding the interpretation of treaties continue to be valid in the face of other actors and forms of action which push towards the recognition of more and thicker community interests.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 7
Diffeological Morita Equivalence
Creators: name: van der Schaaf, Nesta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a new notion of Morita equivalence for diffeological groupoids, generalising the original notion for Lie groupoids. For this we develop a theory of diffeological groupoid actions, -bundles and -bibundles. We define a notion of principality for these bundles, which uses the notion of a subduction, generalising the notion of a Lie group(oid) principal bundle. We say two diffeological groupoids are Morita equivalent if and only if there exists a biprincipal bibundle between them. Using a Hilsum-Skandalis tensor product, we further define a composition of diffeological bibundles, and obtain a bicategory DiffBiBund. Our main result is the following: a bibundle is biprincipal if and only if it is weakly invertible in this bicategory. This generalises a well known theorem from the Lie groupoid theory. As an application of the framework, we prove that the orbit spaces of two Morita equivalent diffeological groupoids are diffeomorphic. We also show that the property of a diffeological groupoid to be fibrating, and its category of actions, are Morita invariants.
description: 35 pages
title: Between Systematization and Expertise for Foreign Policy
title: The Practice-Oriented Approach in Germany’s International Legal Scholarship (1920–1980)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lange, Felix
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: German international legal scholarship has been known for its practice-oriented, doctrinal approach to international law. On the basis of archival material, this article tracks how this methodological take on international law developed in Germany between the 1920s and the 1980s. In 1924, as a reaction to the establishment of judicial institutions in the Treaty of Versailles, the German Reich founded the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law. Director Viktor Bruns institutionalized the practice-oriented method to advance the idea of international law as a legal order as well as to safeguard the interests of the Weimar government before the various courts. Under National Socialism, members of the Institute provided legal justifications for Hitler’s increasingly radical foreign policy. At the same time, some of them did not engage with völkisch-racist theories, but systematized the existing ius in bello. After 1945, Hermann Mosler, as director of the renamed Max Planck Institute, took the view that the practice-oriented approach was not as discredited as the more theoretical approach of völkisch international law. Furthermore, he regarded the method as a promising vehicle to support the policy of Westintegration of Konrad Adenauer. Also, he tried to promote the idea of ‘international society as a legal community’ by analysing international practice.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 8
On the lower bounds for real double Hurwitz numbers
Creators: name: Ding, Yanqiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N10, 14T90

description: As the real counterpart of double Hurwitz number, the real double Hurwitz number depends on the distribution of real branch points. We consider the problem of asymptotic growth of real and complex double Hurwitz numbers. We provide a lower bound for real double Hurwitz numbers based on the tropical computation of real double Hurwitz numbers. By using this lower bound and J. Rau's result ( Math. Ann. 375(1-2): 895-915, 2019), we prove the logarithmic equivalence of real and complex Hurwitz numbers.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, final version, to appear in J. Algebraic Combin. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1805.08997 by other authors
title: The Rule of Law in the 2030 Agenda
Creators: name: Arajärvi, Noora
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The rule of law is the cornerstone of the international legal system. This paper shows, through analysis of intergovernmental instruments, statements made by representatives of States, and negotiation records, that the rule of law at the United Nations has become increasingly contested in the past years. More precisely, the argument builds on the process of integrating the notion of the rule of law into the Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in September 2015 in the document Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The main sections set out the background of the rule of law debate at the UN, the elements of the rule of law at the goal- and target-levels in the 2030 Agenda – especially in the SDG 16 –, and evaluate whether the rule of law in this context may be viewed as a normative and universal foundation of international law. The paper concludes, with reflections drawn from the process leading up to the 2030 Agenda and the final outcome document that the rule of law – or at least strong and precise formulations of the concept – may be in decline in institutional and normative settings. This can be perceived as symptomatic of a broader crisis of the international legal order.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 9
Model-Based Inverse Reinforcement Learning from Visual Demonstrations
Creators: name: Das, Neha
name: Bechtle, Sarah
name: Davchev, Todor
name: Jayaraman, Dinesh
name: Rai, Akshara
name: Meier, Franziska
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scaling model-based inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) to real robotic manipulation tasks with unknown dynamics remains an open problem. The key challenges lie in learning good dynamics models, developing algorithms that scale to high-dimensional state-spaces and being able to learn from both visual and proprioceptive demonstrations. In this work, we present a gradient-based inverse reinforcement learning framework that utilizes a pre-trained visual dynamics model to learn cost functions when given only visual human demonstrations. The learned cost functions are then used to reproduce the demonstrated behavior via visual model predictive control. We evaluate our framework on hardware on two basic object manipulation tasks.
description: Accepted at the 4th Conference on Robotic Learning (CoRL 2020), Cambridge MA, USA
Bhopal Disaster Bibliography
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2015
Subjects: Catastrophes, Hazards, Disasters
Corporate Social Responsibility
Ethics and Society
Public Well-being
Research and Practice
Safety
Social Justice
Social Responsibility

description: A bibliography including links to case studies, books, reports and journal articles looking at the engineering ethics and policy issues looking at the Bhopal gas tragedy, where a gas leak from a Union Carbide plant caused one of the world's worst industrial disasters.
title: Protection of Foreign Investment in India and International Rule of Law: Rise or Decline?
Creators: name: Rajput, Aniruddha
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: This paper narrates the changes in the Indian policy towards foreign investment and analyses them in the backdrop of overall changes in the field of international law and particularly within the framework of the international rule of law. The policy changes that have taken place in India can be categorised into three periods. The first period commences after independence from colonial rule. This period is intriguing. At the international level, India insisted on national treatment for foreign investment and supported the New International Economic Order. Domestically, however, nationalisation was not pursued, and even when pursued, was not applied to foreign investors. This period continued until the 1990s when India faced serious economic problems and this coincided with the high point of the Washington consensus, often seen as the rise of the international rule of law. During this time, national treatment was abandoned and innumerable investment treaties granting liberal protection were entered into. This process ended abruptly after India lost the first investment case. This turn of events comments the third period, where efforts were made towards balancing between investor protection and conserving regulatory freedom. Although this period may appear to be a decline of the international rule of law, a nuanced approach shows that it is rather a rise. India has not withdrawn from the system of investor protection, as has been done by some other States. This period is characterised by extensive and detailed treaties to replace the prior sketchy treaty provisions. This is a move towards a more rule based investment protection.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 10
title: Availability of Food Preparation Supplies among Pregnant Women: Preliminary Results from the Decision Making, Eating, and Weight Gain during Pregnancy (DEW) Study
Creators: name: Xiao, Rui S.
name: Moore Simas, Tiffany A.
name: Appelhans, Bradley M.
name: Pierre-Louis, Isabelle C.
name: Alikhan, Shums
name: Olendzki, Barbara C.
name: Pagoto, Sherry L.
name: Waring, Molly E.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background: Lack of cooking supplies may be a potential barrier to preparing healthy meals at home. We examined the availability of food preparation supplies among pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: We used preliminary data (N=59) from an ongoing study which enrolled English-speaking women aged 18+ years, pregnant with singleton gestation <36 >weeks, pre-pregnancy BMI 18.5-40 kg/m2, and planning to deliver at UMMHC. Women completed the Food Preparation Checklist (FPC) at home. The FPC asks women if 41 specific food preparation items; scores reflect number of items present in the home. Other variables were self-reported. Pearson’s correlation, t-tests, and ANOVAs provided comparisons. We constructed an adjusted linear regression model to explore FPC by sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Women were aged 30.3 (SD=4.1) years, 64.4% were non-Hispanic White, 84.8% were married or living with a partner, and 30.5% reported difficulty paying for basic expenses. Women were enrolled at 22.7 (SD=5.6) weeks gestation; 30.5% were primigravid. Mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 25.0 (SD=4.6) kg/m2; 25.4% were overweight and 17.0% obese. Average FPC score was 32.3 (SD=6.1; range:14-39). FPC scores were higher among Non-Hispanic White women (34.6±3.5 vs. 28.1±7.5, p<0.0001), those with higher education (28.3±7.0 high school/GED or less, 31.0±6.2 some/college degree, vs. 34.7±4.6 some/degree graduate, p<0.01), those married or living with a partner (33.3±5.7 vs. 26.9±5.7, p<0.01), with lower pre-pregnancy BMI (r=-0.38, p<0.01), and who had no difficulty paying for basic expenses (34.0±5.0 vs. 28.4±6.6, p<0.001). In a model that additionally adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, non-Hispanic White women had on average 5.7 more food preparation items (95% CI: 3.2, 8.3) and those reporting difficulty paying for basic expenses 3.8 fewer items (95% CI: -6.8, -0.9). Conclusions: Understanding the food preparation supplies available to pregnant women may be useful when designing interventions to improve diet quality and promote healthy weight gain during pregnancy.
title: Berlin – New York
title: A Few Observations on Germany in the United Nations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Braun, Harald
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Beginning in January 2019, the new German government will face a particular new responsibility for world affairs: provided the elections in June 2018 lead to the desired result, Germany will be an elected member of the UN Security Council for two years from January 2019 until December 2020. However, Germany has been a respected and highly relevant member of the United Nations not only during its terms on the Security Council but also in “normal” times. The present article attempts to shed light on a few aspects of Germany’s role in the UN during Merkel’s chancellorship with an emphasis on her third term (2014-2017), such as the cooperative relationship between Germany and the UN Secretary-General in important policy fields, Germany’s financial contributions to the UN, the impact of Germany’s EU membership on its UN membership and the country’s efforts with regard to the reform of the Security Council. The paper further provides context for Germany’s abstention in the vote on Security Council Resolution 1973 on Libya in 2011. It concludes by ascertaining that Germany with its approach of active multilateralism has taken its place as one of the leading nations in Europe and is ready to take on responsibility with its partners to achieve a peaceful and stable world order.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 11
Functional dependencies with null markers
Creators: name: Badia, Antonio
name: Lemire, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Functional dependencies are an integral part of database design. However, they are only defined when we exclude null markers. Yet we commonly use null markers in practice. To bridge this gap between theory and practice, researchers have proposed definitions of functional dependencies over relations with null markers. Though sound, these definitions lack some qualities that we find desirable. For example, some fail to satisfy Armstrong's axioms---while these axioms are part of the foundation of common database methodologies. We propose a set of properties that any extension of functional dependencies over relations with null markers should possess. We then propose two new extensions having these properties. These extensions attempt to allow null markers where they make sense to practitioners. They both support Armstrong's axioms and provide realizable null markers: at any time, some or all of the null markers can be replaced by actual values without causing an anomaly. Our proposals may improve database designs.
description: accepted at the Computer Journal (April 2014)
title: A Novel Approach to Targeted Oncologic Therapy - Co-culture Viability of Polymer Prodrug Conjugation to Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Creators: name: Wong, Kaitlyn
name: Panzarino, Nicholas
name: McRae Page, Samantha
name: Arenas, Richard
name: Schneider, Sallie S.
name: Emrick, Todd S.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background/Purpose: Conjugation of polymer prodrugs to tumor homing cells, such as Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), could provide a vehicle for actively targeted delivery of polymer prodrugs.

Methods: Human Bone Marrow MSCs were conjugated to either a doxorubicin polymer prodrug or free doxorubicin and were co-cultured with T-cells. Viability was assessed through the use of a Vi-cell counter. In Vivo Migration Analysis was performed NOD SCID mice implanted with subcutaneous MDA MB-231 breast cancer xenografts. Following tumor establishment, mice were injected via lateral tail vein injection with either saline or polymer loaded MSCs. Five days following stem cell injection, mice were euthanized, tumors were harvested and sections were analyzed using fluorescent microscopy and immuno-histochemical staining for cd105.

Results: T-cell viability was reduced when co-cultured with MSCs conjugated to free doxorubicin although cells co-cultured with MSCs conjugated to doxorubicin polymer did not exhibit reduced viability. Polymer loaded MSCs displayed intact tumor homing migratory ability in vivo (Figure 1).

Conclusion: MSCs conjugated to doxorubicin released the drug, resulting in reduced neighboring T-cells viability. MSCs loaded with polymer maintained their migratory capacity were able to migrate to tumors in vivo. MSCs therefore represent a potential vehicle for targeted drug delivery. Future work will focus on developing methods for releasing the drug upon successful delivery to the target in vivo.
title: Bringing States to Justice for Crimes against Humanity
title: The Compromissory Clause in the ILC Draft Convention on Crimes against Humanity
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Andreas
name: Boos, Felix
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Draft Art. 15 CCAH attempts to strike a balance between State autonomy and robust judicial supervision. It largely follows Article 22 CERD conditioning the jurisdiction of the ICJ on prior negotiations. Hence, the substance of the clause is interpreted in light of the Court’s recent case law, especially Georgia v. Russia. Besides, several issues regarding the scope ratione temporis of the compromissory clause are discussed. The article advances several proposals to further improve the current draft, addressing the missing explicit reference to State responsibility, as well as the relationship between the Court and a possible treaty body, It also proposes to recalibrate the interplay of a requirement of prior negotiations respectively the seizing of a future treaty body on the one hand and provisional measures to be indicated by the Court on the other.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 12
Limit shape for infinite rank limit of tensor power decomposition for Lie algebras of series so(2n+1)
Creators: name: Nazarov, Anton
name: Nikitin, Pavel
name: Postnova, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.3
subject: 17B10 (Primary), 60B10, 60B20, 31A15 (Secondary)

description: We consider the Plancherel measure on irreducible components of tensor powers of the spinor representation of so(2n+1). The irreducible representations correspond to the generalized Young diagrams. With respect to this measure the probability of an irreducible representation is the product of its multiplicity and dimension, divided by the total dimension of the tensor product. We study the limit shape of the generalized Young diagram when the tensor power N and the rank n of the algebra tend to infinity with N/n fixed. We derive an explicit formula for the limit shape and prove convergence to it in probability. We prove central limit theorem for global fluctuations around the limit shape.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures. In version4 we have added proof of central limit theorem for global fluctuations around the limit shape, that relies on Christoffel transformation of Krawtchouk orthogonal polynomials. Discussion of relation to Berele insertion and skew Howe duality is added. The code that was used to produce the Figures is available at https://github.com/naa/young-diagrams/
Modular Complexity Analysis for Term Rewriting
Creators: name: Zankl, Harald
name: Korp, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: All current investigations to analyze the derivational complexity of term rewrite systems are based on a single termination method, possibly preceded by transformations. However, the exclusive use of direct criteria is problematic due to their restricted power. To overcome this limitation the article introduces a modular framework which allows to infer (polynomial) upper bounds on the complexity of term rewrite systems by combining different criteria. Since the fundamental idea is based on relative rewriting, we study how matrix interpretations and match-bounds can be used and extended to measure complexity for relative rewriting, respectively. The modular framework is proved strictly more powerful than the conventional setting. Furthermore, the results have been implemented and experiments show significant gains in power.
description: 33 pages; Special issue of RTA 2010
title: Certiorari Through the Backdoor?
title: The Judgment by the European Court of Human Rights in Burmych and Others v. Ukraine in Perspective
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ulfstein, Geir
name: Zimmermann, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: In its Burmych and Others v. Ukraine judgment of October 2017 the European Court of Human Rights has dismissed more than 12.000 applications due to the fact that given that they were not only repetitive in nature, but also mutatis mutandis identical to applications covered by a previous pilot judgment rendered against Ukraine. This raises fundamental issues as to the role of the Court within the human rights protection system established by the ECHR, as well as those concerning the interrelationship between the Court and the Committee of Ministers.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 13
Engineers in the Workplace Bibliography
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2010
Subjects: Bidding Process
Bribery and Extortion
Community Relations
Controversies
Employer/Employee Relationships
Engineer/Client Relationships
Ethics and Society
Military and Defense Research
Research and Practice
Whistleblowing
Workplace Ethics

description: An annotated list of relevant references for engineers in a variety of settings. Includes subsections on Academia, Corporate Environments, Government Agencies, Military, Non-Profit Organizations, International Organizations, Consulting and Bidding, Engineer/Client Relationships and Whistleblowing.
title: Analytical Presentation of the Comments and Observations by States on Draft Article 7, Paragraph 1, of the ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials From Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, United Nations General Assembly, Sixth Committee, 2017
Creators: name: Barkholdt, Janina
name: Kulaga, Julian
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: During its sessions in 2016 and 2017 the UN International Law Commission (ILC) debated the question whether the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction is subject to exceptions for international crimes and provisionally adopted a Draft Article 7 on immunity ratione materiae. The following analytical presentation classifies and documents the reactions of States to draft article 7, paragraph 1, as they have been expressed in the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the General Assembly in 2017.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 14
title: Cytocompatible Tough Hydrogel Platform with Predictable Degradation
Creators: name: Xu, Jianwen
name: Feng, Ellva
name: Song, Jie
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Cytocompatible hydrogels with good mechanical properties and predictable degradation are highly desired for many biomedical applications including stem cell and therapeutics delivery for guided tissue repair. However, existing methods for fabricating tough hydrogels usually involve non-physiological conditions, such as toxic starting materials, catalysts, or crosslinking chemistry. Moreover, precisely controlling hydrogel degradation over a broad range in a predictable manner has been extremely challenging while empirical tuning of most degradable materials’ degradation profiles often resulting in undesired changes in other properties. To solve these problems, we recently developed a versatile hydrogel formulation that allows us to fabricate cytocompatible tough hydrogels under physiological conditions with predicable and widely tunable degradations. This platform was based on a well-defined hydrogel network formed by two pairs of four-armed poly(ethylene glycol) macromers terminated with bioorthogonal azide and dibenzocyclooctyl endgroups, respectively, via labile or stable linkages. The high-fidelity, catalyst-free bioorthogonal crosslinking reaction between these pairs of macromers enabled robust crosslinking in water, phosphate buffered saline and cell culture media to afford tough hydrogels capable of withstanding >90% compressive strain. The strategic placement of labile ester linkages near the crosslinking site within this superhydrophilic network, accomplished by facile adjustments of the ratio of the macromers used, enabled broad tuning of the hydrogel disintegration rates from 2 days to >250 days that precisely matched with the theoretical prediction based on a first-order linkage cleavage kinetics. This platform holds great potential for many biomedical applications that demands cytocompatability, adequate mechanical integrity and precisely controlled temporal disintegration of the synthetic matrix.
Symmetries of geodesic motion in Gödel-type spacetimes
Creators: name: Camci, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study Noether gauge symmetries of geodesic motion for geodesic Lagrangian of four classes of metrics of Gödel-type spacetimes for which we calculated the Noether gauge symmetries for all classes I-IV, and find the first integrals of corresponding classes to derive a complete characterization of the geodesic motion. Using the obtained expressions for $\dot{t}, \dot{r}, \dotϕ$ and $\dot{z}$ of each classes I-IV which depends essentially on two independent parameters $m$ and $w$, we explicitly integrated the geodesic equations of motion for the corresponding Gödel-type spacetimes.
description: 21 pages, minor revision, submitted to JCAP
Engineering and Legal Issues Bibliography
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2010
Subjects: Bidding Process
Bribery and Extortion
Expert Witness
Human Subjects Research
Intellectual Property and Patents
Lab and Workplace Safety
Product Liability
Public Health and Safety
Research and Practice
Safety
Workplace Ethics

description: This bibliography covers a number of legal issues that arise in engineering. It includes subsections on Animal Subjects, The Bidding Process, Bribery and Extortion, Accessible Design, Environmental Laws, Expert Witnesses, Intellectual Property & Patents, Human Subjects in Research, Product Liability, Public Safety, and Standards.
Odoni's conjecture on arboreal Galois representations is false
Creators: name: Dittmann, Philip
name: Kadets, Borys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12F10, 12E25

description: Suppose $f \in K[x]$ is a polynomial. The absolute Galois group of $K$ acts on the preimage tree $\mathrm{T}$ of $0$ under $f$. The resulting homomorphism $ϕ_f: \mathrm{Gal}_K \to \mathrm{Aut} \mathrm{T}$ is called the arboreal Galois representation. Odoni conjectured that for all Hilbertian fields $K$ there exists a polynomial $f$ for which $ϕ_f$ is surjective. We show that this conjecture is false.
description: accepted manuscript version
Falsification, Fabrication, Plagiarism & Cheating Bibliography
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2011
Subjects: Fabrication
Falsification
Handling Misconduct Allegations
Plagiarism
Research and Practice
Research Misconduct

description: This bibliography contains references that address general falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, and cheating along with resources for instructors and studies of the prevalence of these behaviors.
title: Detection of CD8+ T cell Responses in Individuals with Long-term Type 1 Diabetes and Generation of Human CD8+ T Cell Lines Specific to Islet-associated Autoantigens
Creators: name: Babon, Jenny Aurielle B.
name: Harlan, David M.
name: Kent, Sally C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the activation of lymphocytes against insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. In humans, CD8+ T cells are predominantly found in sites of insulitis and are considered to be one of the main drivers of β-cell destruction, thus indicating the need to analyze the frequency and function of these autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals with long-term T1D were stained ex vivo for T cell surface markers and HLA-A2 pentamers containing known islet-associated epitopes to determine if there are autoreactive CD8+ T cells circulating in the periphery. All T1D donors tested had at least one detectable autoreactive CD8 T cell population and the frequencies of these autoantigen-specific T cells were comparable to previously published data from T1D individuals. We then developed a method of establishing CD8 T cell lines by co-culturing negatively isolated CD8 T cells and peptide-pulsed monocyte-derived dendritic cells from the PBMC of one T1D donor (A*02:01, A*33:01, B*14:02, B*40:01, DRB1*01:02, DRB1*04:04). We expanded a CD8 T cell line specific to the preproinsulin peptide PPI15-24. This cell line produced IFN-γ and expressed CD107a in the presence of PPI15-24-pulsed target cells, but not to an unrelated peptide or media alone. Using a similar approach, we were able to generate CD8 T cell lines from the same T1D donor that were cytotoxic to target cells pulsed with the autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase peptide (GAD65114-123) and islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein peptide (IGRP265-273). These autoreactive T cell lines can be utilized in in vivo assays using humanized mouse models to further understand the mechanism of β-cell destruction and disease progression. Studying the functionalities of these autoreactive T cells will also provide insights into identifying immune correlates to better assess both novel and existing immunotherapeutic strategies for T1D.
Energy Production Ethics Bibliography
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2011
Subjects: Controversies
Energy
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Sustainability

description: This bibliography addresses general issues of energy production along with specific articles about Biofuels, Carbon Capture and Storage, Conservation, Fuel Cells, Geothermal Energy, Hydrogen, Hydroelectric Power, Nuclear Power, Solar Power, Tidal and Wave Power, and Wind Power.
title: Amphiphilic Degradable Polymers for Immobilization and Sustained Delivery of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Song, Jie
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Controlled delivery of angiogenic factor sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) represents a promising strategy for promoting vascularization during tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we developed an amphiphilic biodegradable polymer platform for the stable encapsulation and sustained release of S1P. Mimicking the interaction between amphiphilic S1P and its binding proteins, a series of polymers with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) core and lipophilic flanking segments of polylactide and/or poly(alkylated lactide) with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized. These polymers were electrospun into fibrous meshes, and loaded with S1P in generally high loading efficiencies (>90%). Sustained S1P release from these scaffolds could be tuned by adjusting the alkyl chain length, blockiness and lipophilic block length, achieving 35-55% and 45-80% accumulative releases in the first 8 h and by 7 days, respectively. Furthermore, using endothelial cell tube formation assay and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, we showed that the different S1P loading doses and release kinetics translated into distinct pro-angiogenic outcomes. These results suggest that these amphiphilic polymers are effective delivery vehicles for S1P and may be explored as tissue engineering scaffolds where the delivery of lipophilic or amphiphilic bioactive factors are desired.
Anomalous dimensions from rotating open strings in AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Braga, Nelson R. F.
name: Iancu, Edmond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new entry within the dictionary of the AdS/CFT duality at strong coupling: in the limit of a large spin or a large R-charge, the anomalous dimension of the gauge theory operator dual to a semiclassical rotating string is proportional to the string proper length. This conjecture is motivated by a generalization to strings of the rule for computing anomalous dimensions of massive particles and supergravity fields in the anti-de Sitter space. We show that this proportionality holds for a rotating closed string in global AdS space, representing a high spin operator made of fields in the adjoint representation. It is also valid for closed strings rotating in $S^5$ (representing operators with large R-charge), for closed strings with multiple AdS spin, and for giant magnons. Based on this conjecture, we calculate the anomalous dimension $δ$ of operators made of fields in the fundamental representation, associated with high spin mesons, and which are represented by rotating open strings attached to probe D7-branes. The result is a logarithmic dependence upon the spin, $δ\sim \sqrtλ\ln S$, similar to the closed string case. We show that the operator properties --- anomalous dimension and spin --- are obtained from measurements made by a local observer in the anti-de Sitter space. For the open string case, this ensures that these quantities are independent of the mass scale introduced by the D7-branes (the quark mass), as expected on physical grounds. In contrast, properties of the gauge theory states, like the energy, correspond to measurements by a gauge theory observer and depend upon the mass scale --- once again, as expected.
description: V2: two related references included
Stability of position control of traveling waves in reaction-diffusion systems
Creators: name: Löber, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the stability of position control of traveling waves in reaction-diffusion system as proposed in {[}J. Löber, H. Engel, arXiv:1304.2327{]}. Instead of analyzing the controlled reaction-diffusion system, stability is studied on the reduced level of the equation of motion for the position over time of perturbed traveling waves. We find an interval of perturbations of initial conditions for which position control is stable. This interval can be interpreted as a localized region where traveling waves are susceptible to perturbations. For stationary solutions of reaction-diffusion systems with reflection symmetry, this region does not exist. Analytical results are in qualitative agreement with numerical simulations of the controlled Schlögl model.
A Course on Noncommutative Geometry in String Theory
Creators: name: Blumenhagen, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this pedagogical mini course the basics of the derivation of the noncommutative structures appearing in string theory are reviewed. First we discuss the well established appearance of the noncommutative Moyal-Weyl star-product in the correlation functions of open string vertex operators on a magnetized D-brane. Second, we will review the most recent attempts to generalize these concepts to the closed string moving in a nongeometric flux background.
description: 18 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the Workshop on Noncommutative Field Theory and Gravity, September 8 - 15, 2013, Corfu, Greece, v2: refs. added
title: Comprehensive Data Management System for National Patient-Centered Outcomes Research for Comparative Effectiveness in Total Joint Replacement
Creators: name: Zheng, Hua
name: Barton, Bruce A.
name: Netherton, Dane
name: Li, Wenjun
name: Allison, Jeroan J.
name: Ayers, David C.
name: Franklin, Patricia D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) funded research program, Function and Outcomes Research for Comparative Effectiveness in Total Joint Replacement (FORCE-TJR), is a national patient-centered outcomes research registry. To serve such multi-center longitudinal patient-reported outcomes research, we designed an innovative system to support systematic data collection, management and quality monitoring for long-term outcome evaluation of care.

Methods: The system structure design explicitly considered the continuum of study procedures, including patient enrollment, patient-reported baseline and follow-up surveys, joint implant components, and ambulatory record review for future potential adverse events. Patient enrollment process is recorded through a web-based data capture system. Patient-reported outcomes are completed by patients via scannable paper or web-based standardized surveys before and after surgery. Patient risk factors and implant components are collected from community-based orthopedic practices and hospital operating rooms. All data from the different sources are combined into a centralized database. Quality checks and monitoring processes are routinely conducted for each source of data. De-identified data are cleaned and scored for research analysis and surgeon quality reporting.

Results: This system for the registry program was initiated in 2011. As of Feburary 2014, over 16,000 patients have been enrolled from more than 130 surgeons in 22 states. The centralized database integrating data from patients, surgeons and hospitals is updated weekly. Cleaned, scored data are provided quaterly for all surgeons to review their site- and individual-surgeon-specific outcomes through web reports.

Discussion: This comprehensive data management system is expected to enhance future uses of multi-source data to guide surgeon decisions and drive quality improvement. We anticipate that this system will facilitate translation of data integration to broad clinical research to inform best practices in TJR.
Application of Machine Learning to Performance Assessment for a class of PID-based Control Systems
Creators: name: Grelewicz, Patryk
name: Khuat, Thanh Tung
name: Czeczot, Jacek
name: Nowak, Pawel
name: Klopot, Tomasz
name: Gabrys, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2; I.5
subject: 93

description: In this paper, a novel machine learning derived control performance assessment (CPA) classification system is proposed. It is dedicated for a wide class of PID-based control industrial loops with processes exhibiting dynamical properties close to second order plus delay time (SOPDT). The proposed concept is very general and easy to configure to distinguish between acceptable and poor closed loop performance. This approach allows for determining the best (but also robust and practically achievable) closed loop performance based on very popular and intuitive closed loop quality factors. Training set can be automatically derived off-line using a number of different, diverse control performance indices (CPIs) used as discriminative features of the assessed control system. The proposed extended set of CPIs is discussed with comprehensive performance assessment of different machine learning based classification methods and practical application of the suggested solution. As a result, a general-purpose CPA system is derived that can be immediately applied in practice without any preliminary or additional learning stage during normal closed loop operation. It is verified by practical application to assess the control system for a laboratory heat exchange and distribution setup.
description: This work has been submitted to the IEEE Trans. On Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Systems, for possible publication. Comparing to previous version, this one is extended with new comparative results of the proposed method and clear describtion of motivation and novelty of this work
title: Vancomycin-bearing Synthetic Bone Graft Delivers rhBMP-2 and Promotes Healing of Critical Rat Femoral Segmental Defects
Creators: name: Skelly, Jordan D.
name: Lange, Jeffrey
name: Filion Potts, Tera M.
name: Li, Xinning
name: Ayers, David C.
name: Song, Jie
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: For graft-assisted repair of large volumetric bone loss resulting from traumatic orthopedic injuries, strategies that simultaneously promote osteointegration/graft healing and mitigate risks for infections are highly desired. Previously, we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (pHEMA-nHA) composite as a synthetic bone graft. The composite, when loaded with a single dose of 400-ng rhBMP-2/7 and press-fit into a 5-mm rat femoral segmental defect, led to bony callus fully bridging over the defect and substantial restoration of the torsional rigidity by 12 weeks. More recently, we showed that 4.8 wt% vancomycin can be encapsulated within the composite without compromising the structural and mechanical integrity. Additionally, FDA-approved rhBMP-2 can be absorbed onto the graft and both the vancomycin and rhBMP-2 can be released in a localized and sustained manner. Here we examine the efficacy of pHEMA-nHA-vancomycin grafts pre-absorbed with rhBMP-2 in repairing 5-mm rat femoral segmental defects, and determine if vancomycin hinders the repair. pHEMA-nHA-vancomycin or pHEMA-nHA with/without 3-µg rhBMP-2 were press-fit in 5-mm femoral defects in male rats. Histology, microcomputed tomography, and torsion testing were performed on 12-week explants to evaluate the extent and quality of repair. Partial bridging of the defect with bony callus by 12 weeks was observed with pHEMA-nHA-vancomycin without rhBMP-2 while full bridging with substantially mineralized callus and partial restoration of torsional strength was achieved with 3-µg rhBMP-2. The presence of vancomycin did not significantly compromise graft healing. The pHEMA-nHA-vancomycin graft, with the ability to deliver safe doses of osteogenic recombinant proteins and to simultaneously release the encapsulated antibiotics in a sustained manner holds promise in improving the clinical outcome of graft-assisted repair of traumatic bone injuries.
Design for minimum energy in starship and interstellar communication
Creators: name: Messerschmitt, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microwave digital communication at interstellar distances applies to starship and extraterrestrial civilization (SETI and METI) communication. Large distances demand large transmitted power and/or large antennas, while the propagation is transparent over a wide bandwidth. Recognizing a fundamental tradeoff, reduced energy delivered to the receiver at the expense of wide bandwidth (the opposite of terrestrial objectives) is advantageous. Wide bandwidth also results in simpler design and implementation, allowing circumvention of dispersion and scattering arising in the interstellar medium and motion effects and obviating any related processing. The minimum energy delivered to the receiver per bit of information is determined by cosmic microwave background alone. By mapping a single bit onto a carrier burst, the Morse code invented for the telegraph in 1836 comes closer to this minimum energy than approaches used in modern terrestrial radio. Rather than the terrestrial approach of adding phases and amplitudes to increases information capacity while minimizing bandwidth, adding multiple time-frequency locations for carrier bursts increases capacity while minimizing energy per information bit. The resulting location code is extremely simple and yet can approach the minimum energy as bandwidth is expanded. It is consistent with easy discovery, since carrier bursts are energetic and straightforward modifications to post-detection pattern recognition can identify burst patterns. The interstellar coherence hole captures the time and frequency coherence constraints, and observations of the environment by transmitter and receiver constrain the burst parameters and limit the search scope.