cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hybridization Effect on Mechanical Properties and Erosion Wear of Epoxy-Glass Composites
Creators: name: MOHAMMED, RAFFI
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Abstract: In this research work the mechanical and erosion wear behavior of E-Glass fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites were determined. Fillers like coal fly ash (CFA), Coal powder (CP) and mixture of coal fly ash and coal powder (CFA-CP) at different weight proportions of 0wt%, 5wt% and 10wt% were mixed with Epoxy Resin and composites were fabricated by manual hand lay-up technique with 50wt% of Glass Fiber as reinforcement and the prepared composites were cut in to specimens as per ASTM standards for mechanical characterizations like tensile, flexural, ILSS, Impact and Hardness properties and erosion wear behavior. Experimental analysis shows that the tensile strength of unfilled Epoxy-Glass composites is maximum (252.189MPa) where as for 10wt% coal fly ash filled epoxy-glass composites tensile modulus is maximum (7.823 GPA). The flexural strength and ILSS are 750.54 MPa and 25.188 MPa respectively for 10 wt% CP filled hybrid composites. The impact strength and hardness are 2100 J/m and 62Hv for 10wt% CFA-CP filled epoxy composites. Coming to erosion wear behavior of composites filled with CFA-CP have exhibited maximum erosion wear resistance when compared with CFA filled epoxy composites. It is observed that with the increase in weight percentages of the filler material. The mechanical properties and erosion wear resistance of the composites were enhanced. Hence, for structural applications filler materials mixed Glass- Epoxy hybrid composites can be used in place of plain glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites due to the enhanced properties of composites.
Electrophysiological actions of hemoglobin on CA1 hippocampal neurons
Creators: name: Ip, Joseph Ko Hung
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells, is known as a nitric oxide (NO) chelating agent. For this reason, hemoglobin has been used widely in studying the role of nitric oxide in long-term potentiation (LTP) and excitotoxicity. However, the direct electrophysiological actions of hemoglobin has not been examined. In this investigation, the actions of hemoglobin on rat hippocampal CAl neurons were studied since hemoglobin may be present in hemorrhagic stroke and other head injuries. Superfusion of rat hippocampal slices with 0.1 mM of bovine hemoglobin for 15 minutes was induced a significant depolarization associated with an increase in the input resistance. In addition, hemoglobin suppressed the evoked synaptic responses and increased the depolarization-induced discharge of action potentials, of rat hippocampal CAl neurons. These hemoglobin-mediated changes usually recovered partially 30 minutes after the removal of hemoglobin. While the depolarizing action of hemoglobin was enhanced in a calcium-free medium, it was not significantly changed by 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) and 6- cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). These observations suggest that the depolarizing action of hemoglobin is independent of the presence of extracellular calcium and activations of the excitatory amino acid receptors. Because hemoglobin has been observed to suppress the depolarizing action of glutamate, it is possible that hemoglobin suppresses the EPSP by interfering with the actions of glutamate. Although hemoglobin has been suggested to suppress LTP and excitability by scavenging nitric oxide (Garthwaite et al., 1988; Haley et al., 1992; 0’ Dell et al., 1991; Schuman and Madison, 1991), the reported actions of hemoglobin were not removed by pre-treatment with 100 pM or 500 pM of No-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Similar to the scavenging property of hemoglobin, the iron content of hemoglobin probably did not contribute to the actions of hemoglobin since 0.4 mM or 2.0 mM of ferric chloride did not simulate the effects of hemoglobin. Because neurons can be exposed to hemoglobin in hemorrhagic stroke and head injuries, the electrophysiological actions of hemoglobin on rat hippocampal CAl neurons may be relevant to the neurological complications associated with intracranial hemorrhage and head injuries. Further studies on mechanisms of the electrophysiological actions of hemoglobin are necessary for understanding the role of hemoglobin in neuronal damages associated with hemorrhagic stroke and other head injuries.
Charge modulation driven Fermi surface of Pb-Bi2201
Creators: name: Dudy, L.
name: Mueller, B.
name: Ziegler, B.
name: Krapf, A.
name: Dwelk, H.
name: Luebben, O.
name: Blum, R. -P
name: Martovitsky, V. P.
name: Janowitz, C.
name: Manzke, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the (1x5) superstructure of Bi cuprate superconductors will be suppressed due to optimum doping with Pb. Nevertheless, a Fermi surface map of (Pb,La)-Bi2201 (Pb = 0.4 and La = 0.4) determined by angular resolved photoemission (ARPES) revealed additional Fermi surface features. Low energy electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction of these samples showed no sign of any superstructure. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), on the other hand, revealed two distinct modulations of the charge density, one of (1x32) and a second of (6x6) periodicity. The wave vectors of both modulations have been extracted and used to simulate the corresponding Fermi surface, which is compared with the experimental one. The origin of these modulations is discussed in terms of dopant ordering.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for Solid State Communications
Generation of harmonics by a focused laser beam in vacuum
Creators: name: Fedotov, A. M.
name: Narozhny, N. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generation of odd harmonics by a super strong focused laser beam in vacuum is considered. The process occurs due to the plural light-by-light scattering effect. In the leading order of perturbation theory, generation of $(2k+1)$th harmonic is described by a loop diagram with $(2k+2)$ external incoming, and two outgoing legs. A frequency of the beam is assumed to be much smaller than the Compton frequency, so that the approximation of a constant uniform electromagnetic field is valid locally. Analytical expressions for angular distribution of generated photons, as well as for their total emission rate are obtained in the leading order of perturbation theory. Influence of higher-order diagrams is studied numerically using the formalism of Intense Field QED. It is shown that the process may become observable for the beam intensity of the order of $10^{27}\rm{W/cm}^2$.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Added comparison with the probability of SHG in the crossed beam setup, several abridgments made
The Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture
Creators: name: Yang, Jae-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G40

description: We give a brief description of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture which is one of the seven Clay problems.
description: 2002 International Conference on Related Subjects to Clay Problems ; held in Jeonju, Republic of Korea (July 9-11, 2002)
Disambiguation of weak supervision with exponential convergence rates
Creators: name: Cabannes, Vivien
name: Bach, Francis
name: Rudi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; G.3; F.2.2
subject: 68Q32

description: Machine learning approached through supervised learning requires expensive annotation of data. This motivates weakly supervised learning, where data are annotated with incomplete yet discriminative information. In this paper, we focus on partial labelling, an instance of weak supervision where, from a given input, we are given a set of potential targets. We review a disambiguation principle to recover full supervision from weak supervision, and propose an empirical disambiguation algorithm. We prove exponential convergence rates of our algorithm under classical learnability assumptions, and we illustrate the usefulness of our method on practical examples.
description: 22 pages; 6 figures
Sustaniability Supply Chain in Indian Scenario
Creators: name: Farhana Rehman, Farkhunda Rehman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Green supply chain management is an activity of utilizing environmentally safe inputs and transforming these inputs into outputs which can be recycled and reused fashioning a supply chain that is sustainable environmental friendly. These days, most businesses organizations are moving towards sustainability as a concern to environmental issues by going green in their business operations. Green supply chain management intends to reduce or get rid of, hazardous chemical waste, emissions and solid waste along supply chain at the product design level, resourcing of the material and manufacturing, delivery of the product. Green Supply Chain Management includes Green purchasing, Green Manufacturing, and Green Distribution and Reverse logistics. A hypothetical model linking the relationship between GSCM practices, environmental collaboration and sustainability performance is proposed. Present study outlines the need of GSCM and few ways have been recommended that will facilitating the pursuit of the GSCM.  There is a demand to spread the GSCM knowledge among the Indian organisations, which will positively contribute to enhance the economic performance and on the other hand successfully curtail environmental pollution. According to the theoretical model as purposed in this study there is an important need to maintain deep rooted synergic alliances  at inter and intra organisation level that aids the organisation in adoption GSCM. Although the purposed model is beneficial but further research and improvements are needed before being applied to the manufacturing companies
Additional file 1 of Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in male mice with sepsis-induced acute lung injury based on transcriptome sequencing
Creators: name: Hu, Wen
name: Wu, Zhen
name: Zhang, Mei
name: Yu, Shilin
name: Zou, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Transcriptome Data after Quality Control.
Band-Contact Lines in Electron Energy Spectrum of Graphite
Creators: name: Mikitik, G. P.
name: Sharlai, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the known experimental data on the phase of the de Haas -van Alphen oscillations in graphite. These data can be understood if one takes into account that four band-contact lines exist near the HKH edge of the Brillouin zone of graphite.
description: 5 pages, 2 fifures. To appear in Physical Review B (B15)
Ipsos Understanding Society: Wave 16 August 2021
Creators: name: Ipsos Public Affairs
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Actions or material goods that define adulthood (16); respondent's current responsibilities and ownership of material goods (16); importance of specific hygiene habits (13); frequency of personal hygiene actions (8); time spent on personal hygiene (1); value of personal hygiene in general (8).
Additional file 3 of Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in male mice with sepsis-induced acute lung injury based on transcriptome sequencing
Creators: name: Hu, Wen
name: Wu, Zhen
name: Zhang, Mei
name: Yu, Shilin
name: Zou, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Primers for qRT-PCR used in the current study.
Fast rates in structured prediction
Creators: name: Cabannes, Vivien
name: Rudi, Alessandro
name: Bach, Francis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.2.6; F.2.2; G.3
subject: 68T05

description: Discrete supervised learning problems such as classification are often tackled by introducing a continuous surrogate problem akin to regression. Bounding the original error, between estimate and solution, by the surrogate error endows discrete problems with convergence rates already shown for continuous instances. Yet, current approaches do not leverage the fact that discrete problems are essentially predicting a discrete output when continuous problems are predicting a continuous value. In this paper, we tackle this issue for general structured prediction problems, opening the way to "super fast" rates, that is, convergence rates for the excess risk faster than $n^{-1}$, where $n$ is the number of observations, with even exponential rates with the strongest assumptions. We first illustrate it for predictors based on nearest neighbors, generalizing rates known for binary classification to any discrete problem within the framework of structured prediction. We then consider kernel ridge regression where we improve known rates in $n^{-1/4}$ to arbitrarily fast rates, depending on a parameter characterizing the hardness of the problem, thus allowing, under smoothness assumptions, to bypass the curse of dimensionality.
description: 14 main pages, 3 main figures, 43 pages, 4 figures (with appendix)
Correlation in formation of $^{8}$Be nuclei and $α$-particles in fragmentation of relativistic nuclei
Creators: name: Zaitsev, A. A.
name: Artemenkov, D. A.
name: Glagolev, V. V.
name: Chernyavsky, M. M.
name: Peresadko, N. G.
name: Rusakova, V. V.
name: Zarubin, P. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the events of peripheral dissociation of relativistic nuclei in the nuclear track emulsion, it is possible to study the emerging ensembles of He and H nuclei, including those from decays of unstable $^{8}$Be and $^{9}$B nuclei, as well as the Hoyle state. These extremely short-lived states are identified by invariant masses calculated from the angles in 2$α$-pairs, 2$αp$- and 3$α$-triplets in the approximation of conservation of momentum per nucleon of the primary nucleus. In the same approach, it is possible to search for more complex states. This paper explores the correlation between the formation of $^{8}$Be nuclei and the multiplicity of accompanying $α$-particles in the dissociation of relativistic $^{16}$O, $^{22}$Ne, $^{28}$Si, and $^{197}$Au nuclei. On the above basis, estimates of this correlation are presented for the unstable $^{9}$B nucleus and the Hoyle state. The enhancement in the $^{8}$Be contribution to dissociation with the $α$-particle multiplicity has been found. Decays of $^{9}$B nuclei and Hoyle states follow the same trend.
Can one estimate the conditional distribution of post-model-selection estimators?
Creators: name: Leeb, Hannes
name: Pötscher, Benedikt M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F10, 62F12, 62J05, 62J07, 62C05 (Primary)

description: We consider the problem of estimating the conditional distribution of a post-model-selection estimator where the conditioning is on the selected model. The notion of a post-model-selection estimator here refers to the combined procedure resulting from first selecting a model (e.g., by a model selection criterion such as AIC or by a hypothesis testing procedure) and then estimating the parameters in the selected model (e.g., by least-squares or maximum likelihood), all based on the same data set. We show that it is impossible to estimate this distribution with reasonable accuracy even asymptotically. In particular, we show that no estimator for this distribution can be uniformly consistent (not even locally). This follows as a corollary to (local) minimax lower bounds on the performance of estimators for this distribution. Similar impossibility results are also obtained for the conditional distribution of linear functions (e.g., predictors) of the post-model-selection estimator.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000000821 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Near future MeV telescopes can discover asteroid-mass primordial black hole dark matter
Creators: name: Ray, Anupam
name: Laha, Ranjan
name: Muñoz, Julian B.
name: Caputo, Regina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs), formed out of large overdensities in the early Universe, are a viable dark matter (DM) candidate over a broad range of masses. Ultra-light, asteroid-mass PBHs with masses around $10^{17}$ g are particularly interesting as current observations allow them to constitute the entire DM density. PBHs in this mass range emit $\sim$ MeV photons via Hawking radiation which can directly be detected by the gamma ray telescopes, such as the upcoming AMEGO. In this work we forecast how well an instrument with the sensitivity of AMEGO will be able to detect, or rule out, PBHs as a DM candidate, by searching for their evaporating signature when marginalizing over the Galactic and extra-Galactic gamma-ray backgrounds. We find that an instrument with the sensitivity of AMEGO could exclude non-rotating PBHs as the only DM component for masses up to $7 \times 10^{17}$ g at 95% confidence level (C.L.) for a monochromatic mass distribution, improving upon current bounds by nearly an order of magnitude. The forecasted constraints are more stringent for PBHs that have rotation, or which follow extended mass distributions.
description: v2: 10 pages, 5 figures. Results Unchanged. Matches version published in Physical Review D
Hopping conductivity of a suspension of nanowires in an insulator
Creators: name: Hu, Tao
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hopping conduction in a composite made of straight metallic nanowires randomly and isotropically suspended in an insulator. Uncontrolled donors and acceptors in the insulator lead to random charging of wires and hence finite bare density of states at the Fermi level. Then the Coulomb interactions between electrons of distant wires result in the soft Coulomb gap. At low temperatures the conductivity is due to variable range hopping of electrons between wires and obeys the Efros-Shklovskii (ES) law $\lnσ\propto -(T_{ES}/T)^{1/2}$. We show that $T_{ES} \propto 1/(nL^3)^2$, where $n$ is the concentration of wires and $L$ is the wire length. Due to enhanced screening of Coulomb potentials, at large enough $nL^3$, the ES law is replaced by the Mott law.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Exclusive robustness of Gegenbauer method to truncated convolution errors
Creators: name: Faghihifar, Ehsan
name: Akbari, Mahmood
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral reconstructions provide rigorous means to remove the Gibbs phenomenon and accelerate the convergence of spectral solutions in non-smooth differential equations. In this paper, we show the concurrent emergence of truncated convolution errors could entirely disrupt the performance of most reconstruction techniques in the vicinity of discontinuities. They arise when the Fourier coefficients of the product of two discontinuous functions, namely $f=gh$, are approximated via truncated convolution of the corresponding Fourier series, i.e. $\hat{f}_k\approx \sum_{|\ell|\leqslant N}{\hat{g}_\ell\hat{h}_{k-\ell}}$. Nonetheless, we numerically illustrate and rigorously prove that the classical Gegenbauer method remains exceptionally robust against this phenomenon, with the reconstruction error still diminishing proportional to $\mathcal{O}(N^{-1})$ for the Fourier order $N$, and exponentially fast regardless of a constant. Finally, as a case study and a problem of interest in grating analysis whence the phenomenon initially was noticed, we demonstrate the emergence and practical resolution of truncated convolution errors in grating modes, which constitute the basis of Fourier modal methods.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures, Accepted Version in Journal of Computational Physics (after major revision)
Effective Strategic Planning for Sports Marketing and Achieving real Investment: a Field Study of Algerian Elite Clubs
Creators: name: Sbaa Chemssedine
name: Hamani Ibrahim
name: Sbaa Ihab
name: Sebaa Noufel
name: Mazari Fatah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Effective Strategic Planning - Sports Marketing - Achieving Real Investment – Professionalism.

description: Abstract

The study aims to know the important roles of marketing management and investment in sports clubs, especially in football, as it is the marketing field that absorbs the most money and marketing, with the selection of Algerian professional clubs, especially with the beginning of the lack of public funding that was affecting all clubs, and ways to search for methods of corporate investment and private financing in There has been an absence of a marketing culture for clubs and advertising for sports companies, and in view of the current management of professional clubs in general being characterized by a superior ability to perform precise financial and administrative management, as well as in terms of following up on the management of sports management and the movements of administrators, it requires it to take a suitable place for integrated management, and for this reason it has become necessary for administrators. Cognitive familiarity with modern scientific foundations while selecting principles or effective elements to achieve their desired goals. This is the goal that Algerian clubs have been striving to achieve since the enactment of the laws of sports professionalism to its application on the field, whether in terms of human, administrative or financial management. In light of this, our study came to clarify the relationship between marketing management and investment in Algerian professional clubs in managing funds, including inputs and outputs, and how they behave in light of the lack of government funding, and what are the strategies for searching for investment funding sources for this in terms of advertising and marketing. In the field part of the study, a sample of 04 Algerian clubs in the First Premier Division and 04 clubs in the Second Premier Division. A questionnaire form was designed for administrators, as well as an interview with the heads of the clubs of the study sample. In light of the results obtained, the researchers recommended the following: 1- The actual implementation of the contents of the Professionalism Law by transforming sports clubs into commercial institutions in order to reduce the state’s expenditures on clubs and reliance on investment. 2- Relying on the management’s advertising and marketing strategy in order to bring money to the clubs.
MAKING DADDY PROUD: PRESENTATIONS OF FEMININITY IN VIDEO GAMES WITH FEMALE PROTAGONISTS
Creators: name: Abrahamian, Shelby
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: femininity
media socialization
video games
gender norms
violence against women
sexualization

description: Despite the male dominated landscape of the video game industry, several games featuring female protagonists have garnered wide-spread recognition and acclaim among players of all genders. Existing video game literature suggests that women are underrepresented and hypersexualized across the medium. However, research on this topic faces the challenge of fast- paced, changing trends in the video game industry. Utilizing qualitative content analysis, this research analyzes the construction of femininity in video games with female protagonists from the most recent gaming console generation. By analyzing game narrative and character development, this study offers a critical look at how gender norms are reproduced through video games. Coding analysis revealed the centering of male protectors, lack of sexual agency, character development through suffering, and gendered expectations of morality. Overall, while many of the findings in this study mark a departure from the hypersexualized female characters from previous studies, the male gaze still manifests in these games through the paternal need to protect female characters.
Marketing cooperatives and supply management
Creators: name: Janmaat, Johannus Anthonius
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cooperatives are commonplace in the dairy sector throughout the developed world. A cooperative is an organization whose patrons are those who contribute the capital. Two features that distinguish a cooperative are: profits are distributed by member patronage, and member control is democratic. In theory, this organizational form cannot sustainably capture economic rents. Members adjust their production until any captured rents are eliminated, restoring the competitive solution. In British Columbia, the dairy industry is regulated by supply management. Production quotas control output, while fanner returns are guaranteed by restricting imports and administering the price. All milk is pooled, and processors need not deal directly with dairy producers. A simple model of the BC dairy industry, with farm production or processor input as the only variable, shows that the ‘competitive yardstick’ is not maintained. The industry wide milk pool decouples the cooperative from its membership. When this cooperative maximizes its patronage dividend, supply management totally separates it from its members incentives. Given that the administrative price is not set to eliminate all processing rents, the positive patronage dividend is an incentive for all farmers to join the cooperative. Simultaneously, a competing IOF can capture rents because it is buying milk at the pooi price and does not compete with the cooperative for its input needs. The financial statements of the Fraser Valley Milk Producers Cooperative Association lend support to the model. Based on performance ratios, this cooperative is behaving similar to other firms in the dairy industry, and may be capturing rents on behalf of its members. The one area of discrepancy is in the source of financing, and this can be largely explained by changing member investment preferences. Our model predicts that in B.C. the price of quota should be dependent on the return generated by our theoretical cooperative. We find that the present perfonnance of the cooperative is not a useful predictor of the quota price. However, quota price appears to be closely linked to indicators of future economic performance, and the sign of this linkage is consistent with our model.
Renormalization of multiple zeta values
Creators: name: Guo, Li
name: Zhang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11M41, 16W30, 81T15

description: Multiple zeta values (MZVs) in the usual sense are the special values of multiple variable zeta functions at positive integers. Their extensive studies are important in both mathematics and physics with broad connections and applications. In contrast, very little is known about the special values of multiple zeta functions at non-positive integers since the values are usually singular. We define and study multiple zeta functions at any integer values by adapting methods of renormalization from quantum field theory, and following the Hopf algebra approach of Connes and Kreimer. This definition of renormalized MZVs agrees with the convergent MZVs and extends the work of Ihara-Kaneko-Zagier on renormalization of MZVs with positive arguments. We further show that the important quasi-shuffle (stuffle) relation for usual MZVs remains true for the renormalized MZVs.
description: 36 pages, revised the layout and corrected typos
Study of Temperature Dependence Optical Properties of (Cd-Zn)S Thin Film
Creators: name: Goverdhan Yadu, Deenbandu Deshmukh, Vani Chandrakar, Lekhram Hirwani, Pramod Yadav, Lekhram Verma ,Bhuneshwar Ram Verma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The present paper reported the temperature dependence optical properties of the ternary (Cd-Zn)S thin films deposited on the glass substrate by using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. For the deposition of (Cd-Zn)S thin film used high purity cadmium sulphate (CdSO4) for Cd2+ ion, thiourea (NH2)2SC for S2- ion, Zinc Acetate ZN(CH3COO)2 is source of Zn2+ ion, Ammonia can be used for maintaining pH value, TEA used as complexing agent. The outcomes of UV-Visible absorption spectra, Tauc’s plot and band gap are reported for prepared sample.
A solution in 3 dimensions for current in a semiconductor under high level injection from a point contact
Creators: name: Denhoff, Mike W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard equations for semiconductor device analysis were solved by specifying the electron and hole current injected at a small contact, assuming high-level injection. Calculated current-voltage characteristics were fit to measurements of a single point breakdown in an ultrathin dielectric. It was found that the minority carrier injection level was about 70%.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, Vienna, 24-28 July 2006
Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes Closure Modeling for Variable-Density Turbulent Flow
Creators: name: Pereira, F. S.
name: Grinstein, F. F.
name: Israel, D. M.
name: Rauenzahn, R.
name: Girimaji, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work extends the framework of the partially-averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) equations to variable-density flow, \text{i.e.}, multi-material and/or compressible mixing problems with density variations and production of turbulence kinetic energy by both shear and buoyancy mechanisms. The proposed methodology is utilized to derive the PANS BHR-LEVM closure. This includes \textit{a-priori} testing to analyze and develop guidelines toward the efficient selection of the parameters controlling the physical resolution and, consequently, the range of resolved scales of PANS. Two archetypal test-cases involving transient turbulence, hydrodynamic instabilities, and coherent structures are used to illustrate the accuracy and potential of the method: the Taylor-Green vortex (TGV) at Reynolds number $\mathrm{Re}=3000$, and the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) flow at Atwood number $0.5$ and $(\mathrm{Re})_{\max}\approx 500$. These representative problems, for which turbulence is generated by shear and buoyancy processes, constitute the initial validation space of the new model, and their results are comprehensively discussed in two subsequent studies. The computations indicate that PANS can accurately predict the selected flow problems, resolving only a fraction of the scales of large eddy simulation and direct numerical simulation strategies. The results also reiterate that the physical resolution of the PANS model must guarantee that the key instabilities and coherent structures of the flow are resolved. The remaining scales can be modeled through an adequate turbulence scale-dependent closure.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2012.01304
Flux quantization for a vortex in two-gap superconductor
Creators: name: Simanek, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contrary to recent theoretical prediction, we show that the magnetic flux of a vortex in SU(2) model of two-gap superconductor is quantized in units of 2π/g, not 4 π/g. For the U(1) version of this model, the flux is quantized in units of 2 πα/g where 0 < α< 1. The parameter αdepends on the masses and concentrations of the Cooper pairs in the two condensates.
description: 7 pages
Flow-based sampling for fermionic lattice field theories
Creators: name: Albergo, Michael S.
name: Kanwar, Gurtej
name: Racanière, Sébastien
name: Rezende, Danilo J.
name: Urban, Julian M.
name: Boyda, Denis
name: Cranmer, Kyle
name: Hackett, Daniel C.
name: Shanahan, Phiala E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Algorithms based on normalizing flows are emerging as promising machine learning approaches to sampling complicated probability distributions in a way that can be made asymptotically exact. In the context of lattice field theory, proof-of-principle studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach for scalar theories, gauge theories, and statistical systems. This work develops approaches that enable flow-based sampling of theories with dynamical fermions, which is necessary for the technique to be applied to lattice field theory studies of the Standard Model of particle physics and many condensed matter systems. As a practical demonstration, these methods are applied to the sampling of field configurations for a two-dimensional theory of massless staggered fermions coupled to a scalar field via a Yukawa interaction.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures
Algorithms for Nonnegative $C^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ Interpolation
Creators: name: Jiang, Fushuai
name: Luli, Garving K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A29, 41A05

description: Let $ E \subset \mathbb{R}^2 $ be a finite set, and let $ f : E \to [0,\infty) $. In this paper, we address the algorithmic aspects of nonnegative $C^2$ interpolation in the plane. Specifically, we provide an efficient algorithm to compute a nonnegative $C^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ extension of $ f $ with norm within a universal constant factor of the least possible. We also provide an efficient algorithm to approximate the trace norm.
description: 38 pages
Oscillation and levitation of balls in continuously stratified fluids
Creators: name: Biro, I.
name: Gyure, B.
name: Janosi, I. M.
name: Szabo, K. G.
name: Tel, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The free motion of balls is investigated experimentally in continously stratified fluid in a finite container. The oscillation frequency is found to be very close to the local Brunt-Vaisala frequency. The effect of added mass proves to be practically negligible. The evolution of rear jets is demonstrated, and a kind of long term levitation is found. We show that the classical viscous drag would lead to a much stronger damping than observed in the experiment. This is interpreted as a consequence of the feedback from the previously excited internal waves following their reflection from the boundaries. A phenomenological equation with a modified drag term is proposed to obtain a qualitative agreement with the observations. We point out that the inclusion of a history term would lead further away from the observed data.
Assessment of the Impact of Heart Failure on Household Economic Well-being: Background and Methods- Malayalam Version
Creators: name: Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
name: Ganapathi, Sanjay
name: Reethu Salim
name: Panniyammakal Jeemon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background and rationale: Heart failure (HF), which is an emerging public health issue, adversely affects the strained health system in India. The potential adverse impact of HF on the economic well-being of affected individuals and their families is narrated in various anecdotal reports. Further, HF is known to push the affected individuals and their dependents into poverty. However, there is limited research quantifying how HF impacts the economic well-being of households from the low and middle-income countries. Methods: We describe the methods of a detailed economic impact assessment of HF at the household level in India. The economic impact study in HF is initiated across 20 centres in India. The selected centres represent different regions in India stratified based on the prevailing stage of epidemiological transition levels (ETLs). We will collect data from 1800 patients with acute decompensated HF and within 6-15 months of follow-up from the time of initial admission. The data that we intend to collect will consist of a) household healthcare expenditure including out-of-pocket expenditure, b) financing mechanisms used by households and (c) the impoverishing effects of health expenditures including distress financing and catastrophic health expenditure. Trained staff at each centre will collect relevant data by using a validated and structured interview schedule. The study will have 80% power, after accounting for five percent non-response rate, to test eight percent difference in primary outcome (proportion of families under distress financing) between different ETLs. Impact: The results from the study will help policy makers in understanding the micro-economic impact of HF in India and aid in allocation of appropriate resources for prevention and control of HF.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE REGULATION OF LEGAL AID IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: NZERIBE EJIMNKEONYE ABANGWU
name: ERIOLUWA EMMANUELLA SOTUNSA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Access to Justice; Effectiveness; Equality; Institutions; Legal Aid; Nigeria.

description: Abstract

The provision of legal aid is crucial to ensure access to justice. it is therefore crucial that institutions responsible for providing legal aid services are effective. In Nigeria, the institutional framework for the provision of legal aid in Nigeria include governmental agencies like the Legal Aid Council as well as private organisations. Consequently, it becomes essential to analyse the role of these institutions in ensuring access to justice and their effectiveness. This thus forms the basis of this article titled. ‘Effectiveness of the Institutional Framework for the Regulation of Legal aid in Nigeria.’ This article adopts the doctrinal methodology with the use of primary and secondary sources as found in books, journal articles, newspapers and online sources. It discusses the initiatives, activities and outreaches carried out by the Legal Aid Council and explores various challenges that impede the effectiveness of the operations of the Legal Aid Council in Nigeria. The article discovers that challenges like inadequate funding, geographical inaccessibility and systemic inefficiencies impede the effectiveness of institutions providing legal aid. The article concludes that institutions providing legal aid are functional and effective however there is great for improvement by addressing the challenges faced by the council. The article therefore provides some recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the Legal Aid Council in Nigeria.
A Ranking Approach to Fair Classification
Creators: name: Schoeffer, Jakob
name: Kuehl, Niklas
name: Valera, Isabel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Algorithmic decision systems are increasingly used in areas such as hiring, school admission, or loan approval. Typically, these systems rely on labeled data for training a classification model. However, in many scenarios, ground-truth labels are unavailable, and instead we have only access to imperfect labels as the result of (potentially biased) human-made decisions. Despite being imperfect, historical decisions often contain some useful information on the unobserved true labels. In this paper, we focus on scenarios where only imperfect labels are available and propose a new fair ranking-based decision system based on monotonic relationships between legitimate features and the outcome. Our approach is both intuitive and easy to implement, and thus particularly suitable for adoption in real-world settings. More in detail, we introduce a distance-based decision criterion, which incorporates useful information from historical decisions and accounts for unwanted correlation between protected and legitimate features. Through extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world data, we show that our method is fair in the sense that a) it assigns the desirable outcome to the most qualified individuals, and b) it removes the effect of stereotypes in decision-making, thereby outperforming traditional classification algorithms. Additionally, we are able to show theoretically that our method is consistent with a prominent concept of individual fairness which states that "similar individuals should be treated similarly."
description: ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS), June 28--July 2, 2021, Virtual Event, Australia
La energía del futuro: La pila de hidrógeno
Creators: name: García Saura, Carlos
name: Fernández Louro, Daniel
Publisher: name: Ikkaro
Year: 2009

description: Trabajo de investigación realizado para la asignatura Ciencias para el Mundo Contemporáneo, tutorizado por la profesora Mª Carmen San José Garcés. Este registro incluye la memoria del proyecto, un póster con figuras adicionales, y un vídeo resumen del proyecto con la demostración/prueba del prototipo de pila de hidrógeno.
Information flows of diverse autoencoders
Creators: name: Lee, Sungyeop
name: Jo, Junghyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The outstanding performance of deep learning in various fields has been a fundamental query, which can be potentially examined using information theory that interprets the learning process as the transmission and compression of information. Information plane analyses of the mutual information between the input-hidden-output layers demonstrated two distinct learning phases of fitting and compression. It is debatable if the compression phase is necessary to generalize the input-output relations extracted from training data. In this study, we investigated this through experiments with various species of autoencoders and evaluated their information processing phase with an accurate kernel-based estimator of mutual information. Given sufficient training data, vanilla autoencoders demonstrated the compression phase, which was amplified after imposing sparsity regularization for hidden activities. However, we found that the compression phase is not universally observed in different species of autoencoders, including variational autoencoders, that have special constraints on network weights or manifold of hidden space. These types of autoencoders exhibited perfect generalization ability for test data without requiring the compression phase. Thus, we conclude that the compression phase is not necessary for generalization in representation learning.
Series: history, theory and practice
Creators: name: Janzen, Linda M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study examines the concept of the series in archival literature and practice. Although the series is an important element in archival arrangement and description and appraisal, and is central in controversy relating to traditional archival principles, it has never been the subject of analysis per se. This thesis examines the history and theory of series through analysis of English North American archival literature, and its immediate antecedents. It aims to trace the origins and development of the series concept. The study makes various conclusions about the series: Firstly, the series concept has an abstract element, is part of a single fonds and has a single provenance. Secondly, different definitions of series have served different purposes for archivists in the past; archivists need now to develop a concept and defition of series which will serve current goals. Thirdly, the methods and principles respecting the appraisal of series are not clearly defined, and more study is required in this area, as in other areas of appraisal.
Contract Law in the Era of Commerce: Innovation and legal Implications
Creators: name: Narendra Rajouriya, Yogendra Singh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: A new technology named “smart contracts" Or E- Contracts has arisen. These legal agreements are novel as they are executed automatically using computers which are termed as E- Contracts. This research paper looks at smart contracts from a legal standpoint which includes E-commerce and E- contract. This paper discusses how smart contracts operate and how they fit within existing contract law. It distinguishes between strong and weak smart contracts based on the cost of revocation and modification. The paper suggests that smart contracts are a type of proactive self-help and should not be opposed by lawmakers or judges. Judges and policymakers should consider smart contracts as any other type of agreement, even if certain outrageous cases arise. However, because to E-commerce, people's quality of life has completely transformed. Electronic commerce offers adaptability. The market climate relates to location, time, space, distance, and space in transactions. E-contracts are becoming increasingly popular as e-commerce grows. E-contracts facilitate company reengineering by utilising a combination of techniques, practices, and procedures to transmit information instantly. E-contracts highlight the complexity and adaptability of law to meet societal requirements. Despite challenges and concerns, e-contracts are a popular legal tool that caters to the interests of the general public. India can contribute to the advancement of e-contracts by implementing necessary legislation and judicial precedents. Therefore this paper has also discussed about the merits and demerits of E-Contract. At the end of this paper the author has also given his suggestions suggesting the ways to improve and use of positive aspect in E-contract.
Lepton family symmetries for neutrino masses and mixing
Creators: name: Ma, Ernest
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review some of the recent progress (up to December 2005) in applying non-Abelian discrete symmetries to the family structure of leptons, with particular emphasis on the tribimaximal mixing ansatz of Harrison, Perkins, and Scott.
description: 14 pages, no figure, talk at WHEPP-9