cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An observer's view of simulated galaxies: disc-to-total ratios, bars, and (pseudo-)bulges
Creators: name: Scannapieco, Cecilia
name: Gadotti, Dimitri A.
name: Jonsson, Patrik
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of the formation of Milky Way-mass galaxies to study the relative importance of the main stellar components, i.e., discs, bulges, and bars, at redshift zero. The main aim of this work is to understand if estimates of the structural parameters of these components determined from kinematics (as is usually done in simulations) agree well with those obtained using a photometric bulge/disc/bar decomposition (as done in observations). To perform such a comparison, we have produced synthetic observations of the simulation outputs with the Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code SUNRISE and used the BUDDA code to make 2D photometric decompositions of the resulting images (in the i and g bands). We find that the kinematic disc-to-total ratio (D/T) estimates are systematically and significantly lower than the photometric ones. While the maximum D/T ratios obtained with the former method are of the order of 0.2, they are typically >0.4, and can be as high as 0.7, according to the latter. The photometric decomposition shows that many of the simulated galaxies have bars, with Bar/T ratios in the range 0.2-0.4, and that bulges have in all cases low Sersic indices, resembling observed pseudo-bulges instead of classical ones. Simulated discs, bulges and bars generally have similar (g-i) colours, which are in the blue tail of the distribution of observed colours. This is not due to the presence of young stars, but rather to low metallicities and poor gas content in the simulated galaxies, which makes dust extinction low. Photometric decompositions thus match the component ratios usually quoted for spiral galaxies better than kinematic decompositions, but the shift is insufficient to make the simulations consistent with observed late-type systems.
description: MNRAS Letters accepted, revised version, conclusions unchanged
First Law of Black Hole in the Gravitational Electromagnetic System
Creators: name: Jiang, Jie
name: Sang, Aofei
name: Zhang, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After considering the quantum corrections of Einstein-Maxwell theory, the effective theory will contain some higher-curvature terms and nonminimally coupled electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we study the first law of black holes in the gravitational electromagnetic system with the Lagrangian $\math{L}(g_{ab}, R_{abcd}, F_{ab})$. Firstly, we calculate the Noether charge and the variational identity in this theory, and then generically derive the first law of thermodynamics for an asymptotically flat stationary axisymmetrical symmetric black hole without the requirement that the electromagnetic field is smooth on the bifurcation surface. Our results indicate that the first law of black hole thermodynamics might be valid for the Einstein-Maxwell theory with some quantum corrections in the effective region.
description: 14 pages
The Next-to-Simplest Quantum Field Theories
Creators: name: Lal, Shailesh
name: Raju, Suvrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe new on-shell recursion relations for tree-amplitudes in N=1 and N=2 gauge theories and use these to show that the structure of the S-matrix in pure N=1 and N=2 gauge theories resembles that of pure Yang-Mills. We proceed to study gluon scattering in gauge theories coupled to matter in arbitrary representations. The contribution of matter to individual bubble and triangle coefficients can depend on the fourth and sixth order Indices of the matter representation respectively. So, the condition that one-loop amplitudes be free of bubbles and triangles can be written as a set of linear Diophantine equations involving these higher-order Indices. These equations simplify for supersymmetric theories. We present new examples of supersymmetric theories that have only boxes (and no triangles or bubbles at one-loop) and non-supersymmetric theories that are free of bubbles. In particular, our results indicate that one-loop scattering amplitudes in the N=2, SU(K) theory with a symmetric tensor hypermultiplet and an anti-symmetric tensor hypermultiplet are simple like those in the N=4 theory.
description: 53 pages; (v2) reference to gravity dual and subsection on large N added
Euxoa admirabils HACKER & SCHREIER 2010
Creators: name: Aistleitner, Eyjolf
name: Behounek, Gottfried
name: Hoppe, Henri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Euxoa
Euxoa admirabils

description: Euxoa admirabils HACKER & SCHREIER, 2010 Abb. 14
M a t e r i a l u n t e r s u c h t: Fogo,Chã dasCaldeiras,CasaForestal, 1580 m, 11.01.2011, Mte. Velha, 1550 m, 05.03.2011> 20 ex., Santo Antão, Aguas de Caldeiras, Cova Krater, 1150 m, 12.01.2013 siehe
V e r b r e i t u n g: makaronesisch(EndemitderKapverden;dieFunde liegen in der atlanto-montanen Stufe). Biotope siehe 4a, 4b und 13.
 T a x o n o m i e Die Population von Santo Antão wurde als ssp. comprazeris beschrieben (AISTLEITNER 2014).
description: Published as part of Aistleitner, Eyjolf, Behounek, Gottfried & Hoppe, Henri, 2023, Ergänzende Daten zur Noctuiden-Fauna der Kapverden (Cabo Verde) (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae), pp. 475-506 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (2) on page 486, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414294
Piezoelectric properties of II-IV/I-V and II-IV/III-III ferroelectric perovskite superlattices
Creators: name: Lebedev, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability of high-symmetry $P4mm$ polar phase in eleven ferroelectric perovskite superlattices with the polar discontinuity is studied from first principles. In most superlattices, this phase exhibits either the ferroelectric or the antiferrodistortive instability, or both of them. The structure of the ground state and, for a number of systems, also of metastable phases in these superlattices is found. The spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric properties of superlattices are calculated. The appearance of high piezoelectric coefficients (up to 150-270 pC/N) in some superlattices is associated with the strain-induced local rearrangement of certain atomic groups in the primitive cell.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2012.08817
The basis of adsorption of water pollutants by coal
Creators: name: Fadl, Samia Massoud Mohamed
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An approach for studying the basis of adsorption of water pollutants, by coal, is presented. Oxidized and non-oxidized coal samples, mined from the Hat Creek deposits of British Columbia, were evaluated. During the first phase of the research, electron microanalysis, and macrochemical techniques were used to investigate the surface properties and the pore structure of the Hat Creek coal in comparison with activated carbon. The second phase of the study was focussed on the extensive evaluation of the adsorption capacity and efficiency of the coal to remove some dissolved components from synthetic wastewaters using both batch and continuous leaching tests. Heavy metals, dissolved organics, nitrates, phosphates, ammonia, phenol and cyanide were tested either individually or mixed in some combinations. The selectivity exhibited by coal towards mixed metals is also discussed. Adsorption isotherms and break through curves were plotted and interpreted for each material. A comparative study using other adsorbents such as activated carbon, soil and construction sand was also conducted. The effect of some factors in influencing the adsorption process were statistically analyzed. During the third phase of the study two mechanisms for the adsorption of heavy metal ions and dissolved organics were investigated. Spectroscopic, electron microscopic, and chemical methods were used to confirm that metal ions are adsorbed by coal through a chemisorption type of mechanism where the adsorbed metal ions interact with the available acid groups (mostly carboxylic COOH and phenolic -OH) to form metal complexes. In the case of removal of dissolved organics by coal, there was a combining effect of physical adsorption and biological oxidation. A material balance on the coal bed systems was utilized to estimate the bio-oxidizable fraction of the organic substrate. The last phase of this work is concerned with some design applications using the actual flow from municipal and industrial sewage. Data from long term experiments on larger columns were utilized to predict the size and performance of a coal bed to treat large quantities of flow. It appears from the research conducted that low rank coals will be a satisfactory material for the removal of pollutants from wastewaters.
Formazione e Competenze Professionali: una ricerca empirica sui Cassaintegrati in deroga della regione Emilia Romagna
Training and skills: an empirical study in the region Emilia Romagna
Creators: name: Ricciardelli, Chiara <1975>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: SPS/09 Sociologia dei processi economici e del lavoro

description: The general theme of the present inquiry concerns the role of training and continuous updating of knowledge and skills in relation to the concept of employability and social vulnerability. The empirical research has affected the entire calendar year 2010, namely from 13 February 2010 to December 31, 2010: data refer to a very specific context or to the course funded by the Emilia Romagna region and targeted to employees in cassintegrazione notwithstanding domiciled in the region. The investigations were performed in a vocational training scheme accredited by the Emilia Romagna for the provision of publicly funded training courses. The quantitative data collected are limited to the region and distributed in all the provinces of Emilia Romagna;
It addressed the issue of the role of continuing education throughout life and the importance of updating knowledge and skills, such as privileged instruments to address the instability of the labor market and what strategy to reduce the risk unemployment. Based on the different strategies that the employee puts in place during their professional careers, we introduce two concepts that are more common in the so-called knowledge society, namely the concept of social vulnerability and employability.
 In modern organizations becomes relevant knowledge they bring workers and the relationships that develop between people and allowing exponentially and disseminate such knowledge and skills. The knowledge thus becomes the first productive force, defined by Davenport and Prusak (1998) as "fluid combination of experience, values, contextual information and specialist knowledge that provides a framework for the evaluation and assimilation of new experience and new information ". Learning at work is a by stable explicit and conscious, and even enjoyable for everyone, especially outside of a training intervention. It then goes on to address the specific issue of training, under the current labor market increasingly deconstructed.
Kahler Independence of the G2-MSSM
Creators: name: Acharya, Bobby S.
name: Bobkov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The G2-MSSM is a model of particle physics coupled to moduli fields with interesting phenomenology both for colliders and astrophysical experiments. In this paper we consider a more general model - whose moduli Kahler potential is a completely arbitrary G2-holonomy Kahler potential and whose matter Kahler potential is also more general. We prove that the vacuum structure and spectrum of BSM particles is largely unchanged in this much more general class of theories. In particular, gaugino masses are still supressed relative to the gravitino mass and moduli masses. We also consider the effects of higher order corrections to the matter Kahler potential and find a connection between the nature of the LSP and flavor effects.
description: Final version, matches the version published in JHEP
title: Жалпы биотехнология
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: EDP Hub (Идипи Хаб), Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2024

description: Бұл оқулық өндірісте тірі организмдер мен биологиялық процестерді қолдануға арналған; экономикалық құнды заттарды алу үшін гендік және жасушалық деңгейде өзгертілген биологиялық объектілерді жобалау технологиялары мен қолданылуы. Оқулық «Жалпы биотехнология» пәнін оқитын биотехнологиялық оқу орындарының магистранттары мен студенттеріне арналған.
A chemical loop approach for methanol reforming
Creators: name: Cocchi, Stefano <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: CHIM/04 Chimica industriale

description: Over the past few years, the switch towards renewable sources for energy production is considered as necessary for the future sustainability of the world environment. Hydrogen is one of the most promising energy vectors for the stocking of low density renewable sources such as wind, biomasses and sun. The production of hydrogen by the steam-iron process could be one of the most versatile approaches useful for the employment of different reducing bio-based fuels.
The steam iron process is a two-step chemical looping reaction based (i) on the reduction of an iron-based oxide with an organic compound  followed by (ii) a reoxidation of the reduced solid material by water, which lead to the production of hydrogen. The overall reaction is the water oxidation of the organic fuel (gasification or reforming processes) but the inherent separation of the two semireactions allows the production of carbon-free hydrogen.
In this thesis, steam-iron cycle with methanol is proposed and three different oxides with the generic formula AFe2O4 (A=Co,Ni,Fe) are compared in order to understand how the chemical properties and the structural differences can affect the productivity of the overall process. The modifications occurred in used samples are deeply investigated by the analysis of used materials. A specific study on CoFe2O4-based process using both classical and in-situ/ex-situ analysis is reported employing many characterization techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, XPS, BET, TPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
New  reactants and improved catalysts 
for maleic anhydride synthesis
Nuovi reagenti e catalizzatori più efficienti per la sintesi di anidride maleica
Creators: name: Caldarelli, Aurora <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: CHIM/04 Chimica industriale

description: The role of the amount of Nb, used as a dopant for VPP, and how its presence may affect the generation of the active and selective δ-VOPO4 at the VPP surface under reaction conditions, was investigated, employing ex-situ and in-situ characterisation techniques. We found that Nb indeed may favour, under specific conditions, the generation of the desired δ-VOPO4 compound; however, its effect of enhancement of catalytic behaviour was not simply proportional to its concentration. In order to better understand how Nb may affect the generation of the active phase, we prepared V/Nb mixed phosphates; the formation of a solid solution was possible only under specific conditions, with a limited reciprocal dissolution of the two elements. We concluded that even though the incorporation of small amounts of Nb5+ in the VOPO4 (and also of V5+ in NbOPO4) cannot be excluded, a phenomenon which might favour the generation of the desired δ-VOPO4 compound, however the main role of Nb5+ was related to a modification of the redox properties of V4+ in the VPP, and specifically of the redox potential associated to the couple V4+/V5+. This led to a catalyst that during reaction was more oxidized than the corresponding undoped VPP, which under specific reaction conditions allowed obtain a better selectivity to MA. Oppositely, an excessive oxidation of VPP (catalysts having high [Nb]) affected negatively the MA selectivity, because of the excessive formation of COx. 
A preliminary study regarding the oxidehydration of 1-butanol into MA was carried out testing various catalysts: the best catalyst resulted VPP; however the MA selectivity was lower than that obtained from n-butane. 
With in-situ/operando Raman study of the Nb-doped and undoped catalysts we verified that the redox cycle involves the VPP and the δ-VOPO4 compounds, that the reoxidation step of V4+ in VPP is the rate-determining one.
Particle Accelerators inside Spinning Black Holes
Creators: name: Lake, Kayll
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of the Kerr metric as a model for a spinning black hole accreting test particles from rest at infinity, I show that the center-of-mass energy for a pair of colliding particles is generically divergent at the inner horizon. This shows that not only are classical black holes internally unstable, but also that Planck-scale physics is a characteristic feature within black holes at scales much larger that the Planck length. The novel feature of the divergence discussed here is that the phenomenon is present only for black holes with rotation and in this sense it is distinct from the well known Cauchy horizon instability.
description: Erratum added
title: Time-resolved study of holeboring in realistic experimental conditions
Creators: name: Hornung, J.
name: Zobus, Y.
name: Roeder, S.
name: Kleinschmidt, A.
name: Bertini, D.
name: Zepf, M.
name: Bagnoud, V.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: The evolution of dense plasmas prior to the arrival of the peak of the laser irradiation is critical to understanding relativistic laser plasma interactions. The spectral properties of a reflected laser pulse after the interaction with a plasma can be used to gain insights about the interaction itself, whereas the effect of holeboring has a predominant role. Here we developed an analytical model, describing the non-relativistic temporal evolution of the holeboring velocity in the presence of an arbitrary overdense plasma density and laser intensity profile. We verify this using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, showing a major influence on the holeboring dynamic depending on the density profile. The influence on the reflected laser pulse has been verified during an experiment at the PHELIX laser. We show that this enables the possibility to determine the sub-micrometer scale length of the preplasma by measuring the maximum holeboring velocity and acceleration during the laser-plasma interaction.
Cross-cultural Mood Perception in Pop Songs and its Alignment with Mood Detection Algorithms
Creators: name: Lee, Harin
name: Hoeger, Frank
name: Schoenwiesner, Marc
name: Park, Minsu
name: Jacoby, Nori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Do people from different cultural backgrounds perceive the mood in music the same way? How closely do human ratings across different cultures approximate automatic mood detection algorithms that are often trained on corpora of predominantly Western popular music? Analyzing 166 participants responses from Brazil, South Korea, and the US, we examined the similarity between the ratings of nine categories of perceived moods in music and estimated their alignment with four popular mood detection algorithms. We created a dataset of 360 recent pop songs drawn from major music charts of the countries and constructed semantically identical mood descriptors across English, Korean, and Portuguese languages. Multiple participants from the three countries rated their familiarity, preference, and perceived moods for a given song. Ratings were highly similar within and across cultures for basic mood attributes such as sad, cheerful, and energetic. However, we found significant cross-cultural differences for more complex characteristics such as dreamy and love. To our surprise, the results of mood detection algorithms were uniformly correlated across human ratings from all three countries and did not show a detectable bias towards any particular culture. Our study thus suggests that the mood detection algorithms can be considered as an objective measure at least within the popular music context.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to be included as proceedings for the 22nd International Society of Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR)
Agrotis spinifera
Creators: name: Aistleitner, Eyjolf
name: Behounek, Gottfried
name: Hoppe, Henri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Agrotis
Agrotis spinifera

description: Agrotis spinifera (HÜBNER, [1808])
M a t e r i a l u n t e r s u c h t: Brava, Nova Sintra, Sorno, 50 m, 04.+ 30.12.2002, Cova Rodela, 650 m, 12.01.2003, San Pedro, 470 m, 29.12.2002, Lem/Covada, 450 m, 27.02.2003, 30.11.2002, 07.+ 10.12.2002, 04.- 30.01.2003, Santana, 490 m, 25.- 30.12.2003, 01.01.- 28.02.2004, 02.-30.11., 02.- 27.12.2004, 11.01.2005, 29.09.+ 04.10.2007, 125 ex., Sal, Espargos, 3 km N, 28.11.2000, 1 ex.
V e r b r e i t u n g: palaeotropisch-subtropisch(Palaearctis, Aethiopis, Orientalis).
description: Published as part of Aistleitner, Eyjolf, Behounek, Gottfried & Hoppe, Henri, 2023, Ergänzende Daten zur Noctuiden-Fauna der Kapverden (Cabo Verde) (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae), pp. 475-506 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (2) on page 486, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414294
Supplementary document for Topology-Optimized Terahertz Broadband Polarization-Independent Reconfigurable Multifunctional Dirac Semimetal-Coding Metasurface - 7392525.pdf
Creators: name: Li, JiaQi
name: Yu, Chen
name: Luan, jiaQi
name: Cao, Yang
name: Gao, Dingshan
name: Zhao, Ming
name: Li, Peili
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Additional theoretical analyses about Dirac semimetal on page 2
Previdenza complementare: evoluzione e tendenze
Creators: name: Tognacci, Federica <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: IUS/07 Diritto del lavoro

description: La tesi si articola in tre capitoli. Il primo dà conto del dibattito sorto attorno alla problematica dell’inquadramento della previdenza complementare nel sistema costituzionale dell’art. 38 Cost. che ha diviso la dottrina tra quanti hanno voluto ricondurre tale fenomeno al principio di libertà della previdenza privata di cui all’ art. 38, comma 5, Cost. e quanti lo hanno invece collocato al 2° comma della stessa norma, sulla base di una ritenuta identità di funzioni tra previdenza pubblica e previdenza complementare. Tale ultima ricostruzione in particolare dopo la c.d. Riforma “Amato” è culminata nella giurisprudenza della Corte Costituzionale, che ha avuto modo di pronunciarsi sulla questione con una serie di pronunce sulla vicenda del c.d. “contributo sul contributo” e su quella della subordinazione dei requisiti di accesso alle prestazioni pensionistiche complementari alla maturazione dei requisiti previsti dal sistema obbligatorio.
Il capitolo successivo si occupa della verifica della attualità e della coerenza dell’impostazione della Corte Costituzionale alla luce dell’evoluzione della disciplina dei fondi pensione. Nel terzo capitolo, infine, vengono affrontate alcune questioni aperte in relazione ai c.d. fondi pensione “preesistenti” suscettibili di sollevare preoccupazioni circa la necessità di garantire le aspettative e i diritti dei soggetti iscritti.
description: The dissertation consists of three chapters. The first one gives account of the debate about the problems of the arrangement of complementary social security in the constitutional system of the article 38 of the Constitution, which has divided the scholarship between those who want to trace the phenomenon back to the principle of the liberty of private social security in article 38, comma 5, of the Constitution, and on the other hand those who have arranged it at comma 2 of the same article, on the basis of an assumed identity of functions between public and complementary social security. This final
reconstruction, above all after the so-called Reform “Amato” has culminated in the jurisprudence of
the Supreme Court, which has pronounced itself about the problem with a series of verdicts in regard to the affair of the so-called “contribution of the contribution” e to the one of the subordination of the access criteria for the complementary pension services to the maturity of the provided criteria of the compulsory system. The next chapter regards the verification of the up-to-dateness and consistency of the position of the Supreme Court in the light of the evolution of the subject of pension funds.
In the third chapter, ultimately, will be tackled several open questions on the topic of the so-called “pre-existing” pension funds susceptible to rise concerns regarding the necessity to guaranty the expectations and the rights of their members.
Psychische Gesundheit der erwachsenen Bevölkerung in Deutschland während der COVID-19-Pandemie. Ein Rapid-Review
Creators: name: Mauz, Elvira
name: Eicher, Sophie
name: Peitz, Diana
name: Junker, Stephan
name: Hölling, Heike
name: Thom, Julia
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: COVID-19-Pandemie
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: Psychische Gesundheit
subject: Psychische Störungen
subject: Rapid Review
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Der vorliegende Rapid Review untersucht, wie sich die psychische Gesundheit von Erwachsenen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung in Deutschland während der COVID-19-Pandemie verändert hat. Mittels systematischer Literaturrecherche wurden zum Stand 30.07.2021 68 Publikationen eingeschlossen. Die zugrundeliegenden Studien wurden nach ihrer Eignung für repräsentative Aussagen für die Allgemeinbevölkerung und zur Abschätzung zeitlicher Veränderungen klassifiziert. Zusätzlich wurden Beobachtungszeitraum und Operationalisierung von Outcomes betrachtet. Die erste Infektionswelle und das Sommerplateau wurden von 65 % der Studien abgebildet. Im Forschungsdesign besonders geeignete Studien zeigten gemischte Ergebnisse, die in der Tendenz auf eine größtenteils resiliente erwachsene Bevölkerung mit einem Anteil vulnerabler Personen hinweisen. Eine überwiegend negative Entwicklung von psychischer Gesundheit beschrieben Ergebnisse aus verzerrungsanfälligeren Studiendesigns. Routinedatenanalysen zeigten Einbußen in der ambulanten und vor allem stationären Versorgung, vermehrte Nutzung eines Krisendienstes, gemischte Ergebnisse für ambulante Diagnosen, Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Sterblichkeit sowie Hinweise auf Verschiebungen im Diagnosespektrum. Da die aktuelle Evidenz nicht eindeutig ist, sollten verallgemeinernde Aussagen zugunsten einer differenzierten Betrachtung reflektiert werden. Forschungsbedarf besteht in Bezug auf den weiteren Pandemieverlauf, spezifische Risikogruppen und die Prävalenz psychischer Störungen.
Electron-positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: from heavy nuclei to black holes
Creators: name: Ruffini, Remo
name: Vereshchagin, Gregory
name: Xue, She-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the interaction of physics and astrophysics we are witnessing in these years a splendid synthesis of theoretical, experimental and observational results originating from three fundametal physical processes. They were originally proposed by Dirac, by Breit and Wheeler and by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger. The vacuum polarization process in strong electromagnetic field, pioneered by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger, introduced the concept of critical electric field. It has been searched without success for more than forty years by heavy-ion collisions in many of the leading particle accelerators worldwide. The novel situation today is that these same processes can be studied on a much more grandiose scale during the gravitational collapse leading to the formation of a black hole being observed in Gamma Ray Bursts. This report is dedicated to the scientific race in act. The theoretical and experimental work developed in Earth-based laboratories is confronted with the theoretical interpretation of space-based observations of phenomena originating on cosmological scales. What has become clear in the last ten years is that all the three above mentioned processes, duly extended in the general relativistic framework, are necessary for the understanding of the physics of the gravitational collapse to a black hole. Vice versa, the natural arena where these processes can be observed in mutual interaction and on an unprecedented scale, is indeed the realm of relativistic astrophysics.
description: to appear in Physics Reports, corrected proofs
Quantum state reconstruction using binary data from on/off photodetection
Creators: name: Brida, G.
name: Genovese, M.
name: Gramegna, M.
name: Meda, A.
name: Piacentini, F.
name: Traina, P.
name: Predazzi, E.
name: Olivares, S.
name: Paris, M. G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The knowledge of the density matrix of a quantum state plays a fundamental role in several fields ranging from quantum information processing to experiments on foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum optics. Recently, a method has been suggested and implemented in order to obtain the reconstruction of the diagonal elements of the density matrix exploiting the information achievable with realistic on/off detectors, e.g. silicon avalanche photo-diodes, only able to discriminate the presence or the absence of light. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the theoretical and experimental developments of the on/off method, including its extension to the reconstruction of the whole density matrix.
description: revised version, 11 pages, 6 figures, to appear as a review paper on Adv. Science Lett
Discrimination between the exogenous and endogenous origin of thiouracil in farm animals, the final chapter?
Creators: name: Blokland, Marco H.
name: van Tricht, Frederike E.
name: Groot, Maria J.
name: Van Ginkel, Leendert A.
name: Sterk, Saskia S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Thiouracil (2-thiouracil) is a thyreostatic compound that can be used as an illegal growth promoter. In bovine, porcine and other farm animals, low concentrations of thiouracil are detected in urine. There is much debate on which concentrations can be considered to originate from feed (‘natural’) and which concentrations are caused by the illegal administration of thiouracil for growth-promoting purposes. Currently, a threshold value of 10 µg/L in urine is applied. The threshold value is based on epidemiological data. Data on thiouracil from animals treated with thiouracil is scarce. We conducted a study whereby animals were fed with rapeseed, rapeseed with thiouracil, or regular feed with thiouracil (low and high concentration). It was determined that administration of thiouracil leads to concentrations higher than the current 10 µg/L threshold of thiouracil and its metabolites in urine during treatment. Animals fed with rapeseed showed higher thiouracil concentrations than the control group, mostly above 10 µg/L and in some cases above 30 µg/L. In the discovery study, several biomarkers for thiouracil treatment were tentatively identified and confirmed with reference standards. One metabolite was identified as indicative for thiouracil abuse, namely 6-methyl-thiouracil. Another metabolite, 4-thiouracil, was indicative for endogenous formation and did not increase during 2-thiouracil treatment. 6-Methyl-thiouracil was not found in urine samples from the Dutch routine control programmes that contained (endogenous) 2-thiouracil above the threshold value. However, 4-thiouracil was found at high concentrations in the same samples when 2-thiouracil was present. This study’s overall conclusion is that the threshold value for thiouracil in bovine urine samples should be set at 10 µg/L and for porcine urine samples at 30 µg/L. Also, confirmation of 6-methyl-thiouracil and 4-thiouracil should be used as indicators for exogenous or endogenous origin in routine control monitoring programmes.
The role of Parks Canada in the management of large mammal populations in Banff, Jasper, Yoho and Kootenay National Parks (the Rocky Mountain Parks)
Creators: name: Morgan, Michael John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis examines the role and activities of Parks Canada in the management of large mammals in the Rocky Mountain Parks (Banff, Jasper, Yoho and Kootenay National Parks). It also assesses the suitability of these parks as wildlife reserves in which a viable programme of mammal management can be undertaken. The method involves first a review of some of the important criteria necessary for a mammal management programme, and second, an outline of the type of wildlife reserve in which such a programme could be undertaken. The thesis then reviews the mammal management activities of Parks Canada in these parks, and compares them against the criteria established for both mammal management and wildlife reserves. It finds that the Rocky Mountain Parks, bear little resemblance to wild reserves in which a scientific programme of large mammal management might be undertaken. The conclusion is drawn that there is little scientific mammal management being undertaken in these parks. The emphasis is much more on the management of people and their recreation oriented activities. Recommendations are made as to how the situation could be improved.
Nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution in superconducting resonators: analytical approach
Creators: name: Fischer, P. B.
name: Catelani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the superconducting state, the presence of a finite gap in the excitation spectrum implies that the number of excitations (quasiparticles) is exponentially small at temperatures well below the critical one. Conversely, minute perturbations can significantly impact both the distribution in energy and number of quasiparticles. Typically, the interaction with the electromagnetic environment is the main perturbation source driving quasiparticles out of thermal equilibrium, while a phonon bath is responsible for restoration of equilibrium. Here we derive approximate analytical solutions for the quasiparticle distribution function in superconducting resonators and explore the impact of nonequilibrium on two measurable quantities: the resonator's quality factor and its resonant frequency. Applying our results to experimental data, we conclude that while at intermediate temperatures there is clear evidence for the nonequilibrium effects due to heating of the quasiparticles by photons, the low-temperature measurements are not explained by this mechanism.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Agrotis segetum Denis & Schiffermuller 1775
Creators: name: Aistleitner, Eyjolf
name: Behounek, Gottfried
name: Hoppe, Henri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Agrotis
Agrotis segetum

description: Agrotis segetum ([DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER, 1775])
M a t e r i a l u n t e r s u c h t: Brava, Nova Sintra, Fajã d Agua, 50 m, 09.12.2002, San Pedro, 470 m, 29.12.2002, 03.03.2003, Lem/Covada, 450 m, 30.11.+ 10.12.2002, 04.01.- 27.2.2003 m, Santana, 490 m, 01.- 30.01.2004, 17.- 28.02.2004, 02.+30.11.+ 08.12.2004, 11.01.2005, 29.09.+ 04.10.2007, 82 ex., Sal, Esparagos, 3 km N, 28.11.2000, 1 ex.
V e r b r e i t u n g: palaearctisch/palaeotropisch-subtropisch (Palaearctis, Aethiopis, Orientalis).
description: Published as part of Aistleitner, Eyjolf, Behounek, Gottfried & Hoppe, Henri, 2023, Ergänzende Daten zur Noctuiden-Fauna der Kapverden (Cabo Verde) (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae), pp. 475-506 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (2) on page 486, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414294
Poisson-noise induced escape from a metastable state
Creators: name: Dykman, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a complete solution of the problems of the probability distribution and the escape rate in Poisson-noise driven systems. It includes both the exponents and the prefactors. The analysis refers to an overdamped particle in a potential well. The results apply for an arbitrary average rate of noise pulses, from slow pulse rates, where the noise acts on the system as strongly non-Gaussian, to high pulse rates, where the noise acts as effectively Gaussian.
Ethyl carbamate in retail market condiments and risk assessment of its dietary exposure for the Korean population
Creators: name: Kim, Seungmin
name: Jung, Sunghyeon
name: Kim, Inhwan
name: Chung, MyungSub
name: Shin, Sangah
name: Lee, Jihyun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Ethyl carbamate (EC), a potential human dietary carcinogen, is found in fermented foods including the fermented soybean-based condiments, the major part of the Korean diet. Therefore, it is expected that their EC contents might pose health risks. Herein, we collected 111 condiments and estimated their EC contents via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Further, dietary intake of EC was evaluated, and the risk levels were assessed via the margin of exposure (MOE) approach and excess cancer risk assessment. EC contents of the condiments ranged from not detectable to 39.47 μg/kg, and the daily EC exposure ranged from 1.4 to 2.0 ng/kg BW per day, depending on gender and age groups in Korea. Of the condiments, soy sauce was the largest contributor to EC exposure. MOE and excess cancer risks for the average consumer were 166,300 and 9.0 × 10−8, respectively, and those for the consumers in the 95th percentiles (P95) were 53,504 and 2.8 × 10−7, respectively, indicating that the risk of exposure to EC is of lower concern in average consumers than heavy consumers. However, the EC exposure from condiments was higher than that in other Asian countries. Abbreviations: EC: ethyl carbamate; GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; MOE: margin of exposure; MRL: maximum residue level; IDL: instrumental detection level; IQL: instrumental quantification level; MDL: method detection level; MQL: method quantification level; EDI: estimated daily intakes; BMDL10: benchmark dose lower confidence limit
I drammi per musica di Giacomo Antonio Perti per il teatro della Villa medicea di Pratolino (1700-01; 1707-10)
The operas by Giacomo Antonio Perti for the theatre of the Medici Villa of Pratolino (1700–01; 1707–10)
Creators: name: Lora, Francesco <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: L-ART/07 Musicologia e storia della musica

description: L’attività nel teatro della Villa medicea di Pratolino, presso Firenze, giunse al culmine nel primo decennio del ’700, quando il principe Ferdinando de’ Medici commissionò e vi fece rappresentare, una per anno, opere in musica di Alessandro Scarlatti e di Giacomo Antonio Perti. Benché le partiture siano perdute, sopravvive un’ingente quantità di materiale documentario, in massima parte inedito, il quale dà un eccezionale resoconto sul mecenatismo del Principe e sul funzionamento della macchina teatrale. La dissertazione si concentra sulle sei opere poste in musica da Perti ("Lucio Vero", 1700, in collaborazione con Martino Bitti; "Astianatte", 1701; "Dionisio re di Portogallo", 1707; "Ginevra principessa di Scozia", 1708; "Berenice regina d’Egitto", 1709; "Rodelinda regina de’ Longobardi", 1710), sui rapporti del compositore col Principe, col librettista Antonio Salvi, col rivale Scarlatti, coi cantanti e con la corte medicea, sullo stile da lui perseguito e – per quanto è dato sapere o lecito ipotizzare – sulla fisionomia dei suoi lavori (strutture e risorse letterarie, teatrali e musicali).
description: Activity in the theatre of the Medici Villa of Pratolino, not far from Florence, peaked during the first decade of the 1700s. At that time, Prince Ferdinando de’ Medici commissioned Alessandro Scarlatti and Giacomo Antonio Perti to compose operas, staged in the Villa on a one-per-year basis. Although the scores of these operas have been lost, much documentary material has survived. The greater part of this is still unpublished, but it provides an exceptional account of both the Prince’s patronage and the theatre’s functioning. This dissertation focuses on the six operas set to music by Perti ("Lucio Vero", 1700, in collaboration with Martino Bitti; "Astianatte", 1701; "Dionisio re di Portogallo", 1707; "Ginevra principessa di Scozia", 1708; "Berenice regina d’Egitto", 1709; "Rodelinda regina de’ Longobardi", 1710), on the composer’s relationship with the Prince, the librettist Antonio Salvi, his rival Scarlatti, the singers and the Medici Court, on the style he pursued and – to the extent that such information is known or may be legitimately inferred – on the physiognomy of his works (structures and literary, theatrical and musical resources).
Gaussian Approximation Potentials: the accuracy of quantum mechanics, without the electrons
Creators: name: Bartók, Albert P.
name: Payne, Mike C.
name: Kondor, Risi
name: Csányi, Gábor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a class of interatomic potential models that can be automatically generated from data consisting of the energies and forces experienced by atoms, derived from quantum mechanical calculations. The resulting model does not have a fixed functional form and hence is capable of modeling complex potential energy landscapes. It is systematically improvable with more data. We apply the method to bulk carbon, silicon and germanium and test it by calculating properties of the crystals at high temperatures. Using the interatomic potential to generate the long molecular dynamics trajectories required for such calculations saves orders of magnitude in computational cost.
description: v3-4: added new material and references
Screening level intake estimates of low and no-calorie sweeteners in Argentina, Chile, and Peru
Creators: name: Barraj, Leila
name: Bi, Xiaoyu
name: Tran, Nga
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy

description: As obesity rates increase, several countries in Latin America have implemented strategies to curb the consumption of sugars, resulting in reformulations of products with low and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS). The increased availability of LNCS-containing products raises concerns about the potential risk of exceeding the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Information on the intake of LNCS among Latin American countries are limited by the lack of publicly available national consumption data. Using the Budget Method, screening level intake estimates of six LNCS (acesulfame potassium, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, steviol glycosides, and sucralose) were derived for Argentina, Chile, and Peru based on national sales data and product labels. Four tiered assessments were conducted where assumption of LNCS use ranged from the most conservative Tier 1 to the more refined yet conservative LNCS use and concentrations in subsequent tiers. The estimated intakes, applicable to the total population as well as children, were below their ADIs for all tiers. For Tier 2 where average LNCS concentrations were assumed present in all LNCS-containing products, intakes were <60% of the ADI. Estimates for the more refined tiers were comparable to published estimates based on select subpopulations in these countries, validating the approach used in this study.
Spherically symmetric model atmospheres using approximate lambda operators V. Static inhomogeneous atmospheres of hot dwarf stars
Creators: name: Kubát, Jiří
name: Kubátová, Brankica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Clumping is a common property of stellar winds and is being incorporated to a solution of the radiative transfer equation coupled with kinetic equilibrium equations. However, in static hot model atmospheres, clumping and its influence on the temperature and density structures have not been considered and analysed at all to date. This is in spite of the fact that clumping can influence the interpretation of resulting spectra, as many inhomogeneities can appear there; for example, as a result of turbulent motions. Aims. We aim to investigate the effects of clumping on atmospheric structure for the special case of a static, spherically symmetric atmosphere assuming microclumping and a 1-D geometry. Methods. Static, spherically symmetric, non-LTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) model atmospheres were calculated using the recent version of our code, which includes optically thin clumping. The matter is assumed to consist of dense clumps and a void interclump medium. Clumping is considered by means of clumping and volume filling factors, assuming all clumps are optically thin. Enhanced opacity and emissivity in clumps is multiplied by a volume filling factor to obtain their mean values. These mean values are used in the radiative transfer equation. Equations of kinetic equilibrium and the thermal balance equation use clump values of densities. Equations of hydrostatic and radiative equilibrium use mean values of densities. Results. The atmospheric structure was calculated for selected stellar parameters. Moderate differences were found in temperature structure. However, clumping causes enhanced continuum radiation for the Lyman-line spectral region, while radiation in other parts of the spectrum is lower, depending on the adopted model. The atomic level departure coefficients are influenced by clumping as well.
description: accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics