cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bogoliubov transformations for amplitudes in black-hole evaporation
Creators: name: Farley, A. N. St. J.
name: D'Eath, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The familiar approach to quantum radiation following collapse to a black hole proceeds via Bogoliubov transformations, and yields probabilities for final outcomes. In our (complex) approach, we find quantum amplitudes, not just probabilities, by following Feynman's $+iε$ prescription. Initial and final data for Einstein gravity and (say) a massless scalar field are specified on a pair of asymptotically-flat space-like hypersurfaces $Σ_I$ and $Σ_F$; both are diffeomorphic to ${\Bbb R}^3$. Denote by $T$ the (real) Lorentzian proper-time interval between the surfaces, as measured at spatial infinity. Then rotate: $T\to{\mid}T{\mid}\exp(-iθ),0
EMPIRICAL COST FUNCTIONS FOR LABOUR-INTENSIVE PADDY FARMS IN FORMOSA
Creators: name: Lin, An-Yhi
name: Heady, Earl O.
name: Lin, An-Yhi
name: Heady, Earl O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study includes an estimate of cost functions for paddy farms in Formosa. Two types of estimational techniques are used; namely regression estimates and synthesized or budgeted cost curves. Long-run and short-run regression-derived curves are estimated for rice and sweet potato farms from samples which provide the observations. Estimates are for total cost functions with average cost functions computed per hectare. From sample observations, it was possible to derive, through regression estimates, only linear total cost functions. The non-linear average cost functions have only slight (economically unimportant) slopes beyond 2-5 hectares. Hence, large farms do not seem to be an important policy imperative. However, the steep slope of the average cost functions for farms under 1-5 hectares suggest that further farm fragmentation should be prevented. The cost estimates based on synthesized functions result in conclusions paralleling those based on regression-estimated cost functions. The area at which minimum average costs occur differs among sets of fixed inputs. However, the level of costs at minimum points on the curves are similar for the numerous resource situations examined. Within the limitations of the data and results, we believe both estimational techniques imply similar policy prescriptions.
STAN: Towards Describing Bytecodes of Smart Contract
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoqi
name: Chen, Ting
name: Luo, Xiapu
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Yu, Le
name: Xu, Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: More than eight million smart contracts have been deployed into Ethereum, which is the most popular blockchain that supports smart contract. However, less than 1% of deployed smart contracts are open-source, and it is difficult for users to understand the functionality and internal mechanism of those closed-source contracts. Although a few decompilers for smart contracts have been recently proposed, it is still not easy for users to grasp the semantic information of the contract, not to mention the potential misleading due to decompilation errors. In this paper, we propose the first system named STAN to generate descriptions for the bytecodes of smart contracts to help users comprehend them. In particular, for each interface in a smart contract, STAN can generate four categories of descriptions, including functionality description, usage description, behavior description, and payment description, by leveraging symbolic execution and NLP (Natural Language Processing) techniques. Extensive experiments show that STAN can generate adequate, accurate, and readable descriptions for contract's bytecodes, which have practical value for users.
description: In Proc. of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security (QRS), 2020
FARM ADJUSTMENT AND THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Creators: name: Harris, S.F.
name: Harris, S.F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The problem of low income farms in Australia is examined in a dynamic context of overall farm adjustment. It is suggested that the pace of agricultural adjustment has been and is too slow, in the light of current and prospective market and cost trends. Consideration is given to both the case for, and the possibilities of, government action and the relationship of on-farm adjustment to the adjustment needs of the economic and the social infrastructure on the agricultural sector.
The Cyclotron Spin-Flip Mode as the Lowest-Energy Excitation of Unpolarized Integer Quantum Hall States
Creators: name: Kulik, L. V.
name: Kukushkin, I. V.
name: Dickmann, S.
name: Kirpichev, V. E.
name: Van'kov, A. B.
name: Parakhonsky, A. L.
name: Smet, J. H.
name: von Klitzing, K.
name: Wegscheider, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cyclotron spin-flip modes of spin unpolarized integer quantum Hall states ($ν=2,4$) have been studied with inelastic light scattering. The energy of these modes is significantly smaller compared to the bare cyclotron gap. Second order exchange corrections are held responsible for a negative energy contribution and render these modes the lowest energy excitations of unpolarized integer quantum Hall states.
description: Published: Phys. Rev. B 72, 073304 (2005)
BioRECO2VER: CCU in the context of social acceptance and life cycle assessment
Creators: name: vom Berg, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biotechology
Carbon Capture
Carbon Utilization
Biochemistry

description: Presentation held at 1st BioRECO2VER stakeholder event in Plock, Poland on October 7th 2021, focussing on the social acceptance of carbon based products and their life cycle assessment.
ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY AND THE INCENTIVE FOR COLLUSIVE BUYING
Creators: name: Piggott, Roley R.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: A model is developed to show how changes in the elasticity of the supply function at the farm level offset increased levels of buyer (processor) concentration such that given percentage increases in demand by large buyers result in the same, or smaller, percentage price changes than do increases in demand on the part of small buyers. Since the incentive for collusive buying is a function of the potential price increases which follow demand increases, there may be little incentive for buyers to collude even if they are highly concentrated.
Effect of maternal infant feeding attitude on exclusive breastfeeding rate when maternity unit nurses are trained to provide breastfeeding counseling and support
Creators: name: Sreekumar, Lekha
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Background: Breastfeeding is the most beneficial and appropriate nutrition for the infants. However, worldwide the recommended rate of exclusive breastfeeding is low. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effect of the maternal and nurses infant feeding attitude and nurses’ knowledge on breastfeeding rate after breastfeeding focused counseling initiatives Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a sample size of 46 nurses and 80 postpartum mothers was conducted. The post counseling maternal infant feeding attitude and pre-and post-training nurses infant feeding attitude was assessed with a Likert scale, Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS). The improvement in breastfeeding outcome was calculated on exclusive breastfeeding rate at 2 days, 2 weeks and 6 weeks postpartum. Result: The nurses IIFAS pretest average was 68.02 and post-test was 81.24. The knowledge testing for the nurses, the pretest average was 61.5 (SD=12.2) and post-test was 97.7 (SD=3.5). Increase in exclusive breastfeeding rate of the institution reported at 2days, 2 weeks and 6 weeks were 48.8, 42.5 and 31.1 respectively. There was a statistically significant association reported between early initiation of breastfeeding, infant feeding attitude, exclusivity and duration of breastfeeding X 2 (2) = 8.392, p = .015. Conclusion/Implication: The study shows improvement in breastfeeding outcome with appropriate counseling from nurses trained in breastfeeding counseling. Based on this project outcome it may help to campaign the idea that nurses who work in the maternity unit should be certified as breastfeeding specialist (CBS).
Hoffman, Lars M. (Hrsg): Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie
Creators: name: Kaufhold, Hubert
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
Is it possible to grow amorphous normal nanosprings ?
Creators: name: Fonseca, Alexandre F.
name: Malta, C. P.
name: Galvao, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanosprings have been object of intense investigations in recent years. They can be classified as normal or binormal depending on the geometry of their cross-section. Normal amorphous nanosprings have not been observed experimentally up to now, and only recently the synthesis of a crystalline ZnO normal nanohelix has been reported. We discuss the shape of the catalyst in terms of the cross-sectional shape of the nanospring, and show that, within the vapor-liquid-solid model, the growth of amorphous normal nanospring is not energetically favoured.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Genetic studies of multifactorial neural tube closure defects in mice
Creators: name: Wu, Mona Kay
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Anencephaly and spina bifida aperta, defects in neural tube closure, are among the most common serious human birth defects. Neural tube defects (NTD) that occur in the absence of other abnormalities ("nonsyndromic") are generally regarded to be multifactorial threshold traits. Mouse models for nonsyndromic multifactorial anencephaly and spina bifida aperta include the SELH/Bc and "CT" strains. SELH/Bc has 10-30% risk of exencephaly, the equivalent of human anencephaly; the "CT strain" has -3% risk of exencephaly, 10% of spina bifida aperta, and 50% of flexed tail. For each of these models, chromosomal regions containing "risk" genes have been identified. To investigate possible interactions or interchangeability between the genetic risk factors for NTD in the SELH/Bc and "CT strain" we have crossed SELH/Bc with "CT strain" mice and generated a segregating F₂ generation. Scoring for exencephaly, spina bifida, and flexed tails in E14 embryos, results show 0% NTD (0/115) in the F₂ and 4.6% NTD (35/758) in the F₂ generation: 24 exencephaly, 4 spina bifida (2 with flexed tails), and 7 flexed tails (1 with exencephaly). Genotypes for SSLPs marking each "risk region" suggest an association of SELH/Bc risk loci on Chr 13 and 11 with exencephaly and a trend toward an association of a "CT strain" risk locus on Chr 4 with spina bifida and flexed tail. Although SELH/Bc and the "CT strain" are both multifactorial systems of NTD, they do not interact to increase the overall risk for NTD in an F₂ . The "CT strain" risk factor at Chr 4 may add to the risk of SELH/Bc or be interchangeable with one of the SELH/Bc factors at Chr 11 or 13 for risk of exencephaly in an F₂ . However, a hypothesis of independent SELH/Bc and "CT strain" causes for exencephaly in the F₂ is not rejected. There was no evidence of interaction between the "CT strain" factors and SELH/Bc factors for spina bifida risk. There may some contribution from the SELH/Bc risk region at Chr 11 to the risk of flexed tail. Inositol supplementation has previously been shown to reduce the frequency of spina bifida aperta in the "CT strain". Therefore, in order to investigate a possible similarity of environmental component of risk of NTD between SELH/Bc and "CT strain", the effect of maternal administration of myo-inositol in drinking water on frequency of exencephaly in the SELH/Bc strain was assessed. There was no evidence for a protective effect of myo- inositol supplementation. Concurrently, a small backcross study was done between the "CT strain" and normal BXA-7/Pgn strain, backcrossed to the "CT strain", to find out the frequency of spina bifida and exencephaly in BCi embryos. 19% of BC₁ individuals were affected (1.0% exencephaly with flexed tail, 1.0% spina bifida aperta with flexed tail, and 17%
Gravitational Faraday and Spin-Hall Effects of Light
Creators: name: Shoom, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational Faraday and its dual spin-Hall effects of light arise in space-times of non-zero angular momentum. These effects were studied in stationary, asymptotically flat space-times. Here we study these effects in arbitrary, non-stationary, asymptotically flat space-times. These effects arise due to interaction between light polarisation and space-time angular momentum. As a result of such interaction, the phase velocity of left- and right-handed circularly polarised light becomes different, that results in the gravitational Faraday effect. This difference implies different dynamics of these components, that begin to propagate along different paths\textemdash the gravitational spin-Hall effect of light. Due to this effect, the gravitational field splits a multicomponent beam of unpolarized light and produces polarized gravitational rainbow. The component separation is an accumulative effect observed in long range asymptotics. To study this effect, we construct uniform eikonal expansion and derive dynamical equation describing this effect. To analyse the dynamical equation, we present it in the local space and time decomposition form. The spatial part of the equation presented in the related optical metric is analogous to the dynamical equation of a charged particle moving in magnetic field under influence of the Coriolis force.
description: 11 pages
COSTS AND RISKS OF TESTING AND SEGREGATING GM WHEAT
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Genetically modified organisms
subject: biotechnology
subject: wheat
subject: risk
subject: segregation
subject: identity preservation

description: Development of genetically modified crops is challenging the functions of the grain marketing system with many participants arguing for Identity Preservation systems prior to release of GM varieties. In this study, a stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies. The model chooses the optimal testing strategy that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and rejection and allows estimation of the risk premium required for sellers to undertake a dual marketing system with GM/Non-GM segregations over the current Non-GM system. Elements of costs (testing costs, rejection costs, and risk premium) were estimated for a base model representing a grain export chain. The model includes elements of costs and risks for uncertainties within the marketing chain including risk of adventitious commingling at all stages of the marketing chain, grower truth-telling, variety declaration, and accuracy of testing technologies. Sensitivities were evaluated for effects of GM adoption, risk parameters, variety declaration, tolerance levels, and for a domestic market case.
Studying QCD at low x and high mass with CMS
Creators: name: Murray, Michael
name: Collaboration, CMS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CMS heavy ion program can study quark matter over an unprecedented range of Bjorken x and mass. CMS is equipped with excellent detectors to exploit the new physics probes available at_/Snn = 5.5 TeV. The high rate capability and wide rapidity coverage will allow us to study the correlations between low x and high mass phenomena.
description: 4 pages, Proceedings of Quark Matter 05
Grypeou, Emmanouela, Swanson, Mark N., Thomas, David (Hrsg.): The Encounter of Eastern Christianity with Early Islam
Creators: name: Walbiner, Carsten-Michael
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF IRRIGATED POTATOES IN CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA
Creators: name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: economic impact
subject: economic development
subject: agricultural processing
subject: high-value crop production

description: Agricultural areas can be significantly impacted by high-value crops. Irrigated potato production has significantly affected central North Dakota. Interested growers in the Jamestown area recognized the need and the potential for irrigated potato production and processing, and eventually convinced a private company to build a processing plant to make frozen potato products from their irrigated potatoes. Securing a private entity to process their product freed up capital for irrigation development and other potato enterprise purchases. Economic impacts resulting from the addition of irrigated potatoes and associated processing were analyzed in this study. This analysis is divided into two parts, construction/start-up (one-time) and operational (on-going) impacts. Construction/start-up phase includes plant construction, purchases of irrigation equipment, farmer purchases of potato machinery, and grower spending for potato storage facilities. The operational-phase includes processing plant expenditures and grower production expenditures net of the most likely non-irrigated crop. Direct expenditures for the construction/start-up phase were over $50 million for the 1995-96 period. This was comprised of $10.5 million for plant construction, $23.1 million for irrigation equipment, $3.4 million for potato grower machinery, and $13.0 million for grower potato storage facilities. Annual operational-phase direct expenditures were over $55 million, with the processing plant expenditures being $33.4 million and grower production outlays at $22.0 million. These direct expenditures were applied to the North Dakota Input-Output model to determine the economic impact of this project. Construction/start-up phase economic impact was estimated to be nearly $28 million in added personal income, over $44 million in new retail sales, and a total gross business volume of $115 million. Annual impacts from the operational phase included a personal income increase of nearly $48 million, increased retail sales of almost $48 million, and total business activity of $148 million. Increased tax collections to the state were estimated to total $2.7 million during the construction/start-up phase and $3.1 million annually during the operational phase. This economic development activity resulted in a peak of 260 plant construction jobs and a permanent plant work force of 250 full-time equivalents. In addition, operational-phase secondary employment was estimated to be 1,569 full-time equivalent workers.
Charging the Walking U(N)$\times$U(N) Higgs Theory as a Complex CFT
Creators: name: Antipin, Oleg
name: Bersini, Jahmall
name: Sannino, Francesco
name: Wang, Zhi-Wei
name: Zhang, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a semi-classical method to compute the conformal field theory (CFT) data for the U(N)xU(N) non-abelian Higgs theory in four minus epsilon dimensions at its complex fixed point. The theory features more than one coupling and walking dynamics. Given our charge configuration, we identify a family of corresponding operators and compute their scaling dimensions which remarkably agree with available results from conventional perturbation theory validating the use of the state-operator correspondence for a complex CFT.
description: 7 pages
THE ROLE OF THE U.S. DOLLAR IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Creators: name: Baek, Jungho
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Baek, Jungho
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agricultural trade
subject: autoregressive distributed lag model
subject: J-curve effect
subject: non-agricultural trade

description: This study examines the J-curve phenomenon for the U.S. agricultural trade and compares the effect on agricultural trade relative to U.S. non-agricultural trade. For this purpose, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is adopted to estimate bilateral trade data between the United States and her three major trading partners -- Japan, Canada, and Mexico. We find little evidence of the J-curve for U.S. agricultural trade with Japan, Canada, and Mexico. For non-agricultural trade, on the other hand, the behavior of U.S. trade with industrialized economies such as Japan and Canada follows the J-curve, but not with developing economies such as Mexico.
Critical exponents of the driven elastic string in a disordered medium
Creators: name: Duemmer, Olaf
name: Krauth, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the harmonic elastic string driven through a continuous random potential above the depinning threshold. The velocity exponent beta = 0.33(2) is calculated. We observe a crossover in the roughness exponent zeta from the critical value 1.26 to the asymptotic (large force) value of 0.5. We calculate directly the velocity correlation function and the corresponding correlation length exponent nu = 1.29(5), which obeys the scaling relation nu = 1/(2-zeta), and agrees with the finite-size-scaling exponent of fluctuations in the critical force. The velocity correlation function is non-universal at short distances.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. corrected references and typos
Moot Courts an der Universität Bayreuth
Creators: name: Eitel, Lukas
Publisher: name: Bayreuther Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft
Year: 2021

description: Der Verfasser war Student Coach am 9. Hans Soldan Moot Court 2021 zum anwaltlichen Berufs- und Zivilrecht. Er hat am 8. Soldan Moot 2020 den Preis des Deutschen Anwaltvereines für die beste Klageerwiderung gewonnen und zog am 28. ELSA Deutschland Moot Court 2020/2021 in den Nationalentscheid ein. Der Artikel beruht auf den persönlichen Erfahrungen des Verfassers als Teilnehmer und steht in keinem Zusammenhang mit einer dienstlichen Tätigkeit. Der Beitrag stellt Ablauf, Betreuung und die Anmeldemodalitäten dieser Moot Courts dar, um Studierende bei der Überlegung, an einem solchen Wettbewerb teilzunehmen, zu unterstützen.
description: Bayreuther Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft, Blog-Archiv
Phases and Quantum Phase Transitions in an Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Kitaev-Heisenberg-$\ Γ$ Magnet
Creators: name: Nanda, Animesh
name: Dhochak, Kusum
name: Bhattacharjee, Subhro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin-$1/2$ ferromagnetic Heisenberg-Kitaev-$Γ$ model in the anisotropic (Toric code) limit to reveal the nature of the quantum phase transition between the gapped $Z_2$ quantum spin liquid and a spin ordered phase (driven by Heisenberg interactions) as well as a trivial paramagnet (driven by pseudo-dipolar interactions, $Γ$). The transitions are obtained by a simultaneous condensation of the Ising electric and magnetic charges-- the fractionalized excitations of the $Z_2$ quantum spin liquid. Both these transitions can be continuous and are examples of deconfined quantum critical points. Crucial to our calculations are the symmetry implementations on the soft electric and magnetic modes that become critical. In particular, we find strong constraints on the structure of the critical theory arising from time reversal and lattice translation symmetries with the latter acting as an anyon permutation symmetry that endows the critical theory with a manifestly self-dual structure. We find that the transition between the quantum spin liquid and the spin-ordered phase belongs to a self-dual modified Abelian Higgs field theory while that between the spin liquid and the trivial paramagnet belongs to a self-dual $Z_2$ gauge theory. We also study the effect of an external Zeeman field to show an interesting similarity between the polarised paramagnet obtained due to the Zeeman field and the trivial paramagnet driven the pseudo-dipolar interactions. Interestingly, both the spin liquid and the spin ordered phases have easily identifiable counterparts in the isotropic limit and the present calculations may shed insights into the corresponding transitions in the material relevant isotropic limit.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures
ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE WHEAT INDUSTRY TO NORTH DAKOTA - SUMMARY
Creators: name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: wheat
subject: North Dakota
subject: economic impact

description: The purpose of this study was to measure the economic contribution of the wheat industry to the North Dakota economy. Wheat is produced in all areas of the state; however, production is concentrated in the Red River Valley and in the northern third of the state. Wheat production (spring, durum, and winter wheat) in North Dakota averaged about 9.1 million planted acres and 275 million bushels annually from 2001 through 2003. Direct impacts (in-state expenditures and returns) from wheat production averaged $126.50 per acre or $1.14 billion annually from 2001 through 2003. Direct impacts from handling wheat at North Dakota elevators were estimated at $32 million annually. Transportation of wheat to both in-state and out-of-state destinations was estimated to generate $73 million annually in direct impacts. Annual direct impacts from wheat processing (milling activities) were estimated at $100 million. When secondary economic impacts were included, the wheat industry was estimated to have a gross business volume of $3.56 billion annually from 2001 through 2003. Wheat industry activities also supported over 35,000 full-time secondary jobs and generated $126 million in combined property tax, sales tax, individual income tax, and corporate income tax collections in North Dakota. Due primarily to reduced grain volume, current economic impacts from wheat production, grain handling, and transportation activities decreased from levels in 1991 through 1993. However, impacts from wheat processing increased by 121 percent in real terms between the two periods. Overall, the economic size of the wheat industry in North Dakota declined 33 percent from 1991 through 1993 to 2001 through 2003. Despite recent reductions in wheat acreage and production, the wheat industry in North Dakota remains one of the most important economic activities in the state, agricultural or otherwise.
Taft, Robert F. (Ed): The Formation of a Millenial Tradition
Creators: name: Renhart, Erich
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
Interview mit dem wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter Nicolas Kretschmann
Creators: name: Hutengs, Lea Machalett Und Clemens
Publisher: name: Bayreuther Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft
Year: 2021

description: Unser Blogredakteur Clemens Hutengs und Blogredakteurin Lea Machalett haben Nicolas Kretschmann, Mitglied unseres Wissenschaftlichen Beirats, zu seiner Promotion und dem Leben an Universität und Lehrstuhl als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter interviewt.
description: Bayreuther Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft, Blog-Archiv
Engineering the Orientation of Nanobody on Surfaces
Creators: name: WENG KEN YONG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This thesis examines the effects of engineering the orientation a targeting group on a drug delivery surface for tumour targeting. It enables delivery to cancer cells without harming healthy cells, so decreasing the risk of side effects.
COSTS AND RISKS OF CONFORMING TO EU TRACEABILITY REQUIREMENTS: THE CASE OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Henry, Xavier
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Henry, Xavier
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: traceability
subject: genetically modified
subject: hard red spring wheat
subject: European Union requirements

description: Stochastic simulation was used to determine the marginal cost and optimal testing strategy (location and intensity) for an integrator conforming to proposed European Union traceability requirements for imported hard red spring wheat. Cost, risks and premiums were determined for exports of non-genetically modified (non-GM) wheat from the U.S. to the EU. Cost components include certified seed, certification and auditing, testing, traceability, quality loss, and a risk premium for the added risk of a dual traceability system over a single non-traceability system. The optimal strategy is the one that maximizes the integrator's utility (minimizes disutility of integrator's additional costs). Adventitious commingling is defined stochastically. Results indicate that traceability requirements can be met with specified buyer and seller risk at a total cost of approximately 50 c/non-GM bushel. The risk premium for traceability along the vertically-integrated supply chain (farmer, integrator, and importer) is 21 c/non-GM bushel.
Participation in paid and unpaid work by adults with rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Backman, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study explored factors associated with participation in paid and unpaid work by adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Up to 50% of people with RA stop employment prematurely because of their illness. Performance of unpaid work, such as household work, home maintenance, care-giving, and volunteering, has been given little attention. A cross-sectional mailed survey was designed in consultation with working age adults with RA. Participation in paid and unpaid work was defined as self-reported number of hours worked "last week." Test-retest reliability coefficients (ICC) for the measures of paid and unpaid work were .99 and .90. Concurrent validity, assessed using a 24-hour diary, was r = .96 for paid work and r = .75 for unpaid work. Potential explanatory factors, conceptually organized as attributes of the person, environment, or occupation, included health and functional status, social support, type of work and work demands. Participants were recruited by written invitation from their rheumatologist (n = 239, 40% of those invited). They were 18 to 66 years old (mean = 50), had RA for an average of 13 years, and 81% were female. They reported an average of 47 hours of work in the week prior to survey date, 19 paid and 28 unpaid hours. Using regression analyses, more hours of paid work were associated with psychologically demanding work, higher social function, less pain, being male, managerial job type, and lower ratings of occupational balance (R² = .25). More hours of unpaid work were associated with more children in the household, more physically and psychologically demanding work, social support from family, and having a post-secondary education (R² = .43). Satisfaction with work performance was associated with higher self-efficacy, greater occupational balance, more skill discretion in one's work, and smaller household size. Seventy-three participants were working less because of their arthritis. Lower functional status, more pain, less psychologically demanding work, and being a household worker were associated with this work limitation due to RA. Study results may influence the content of rehabilitation and education programs aimed at helping people with RA maintain or return to productive occupations, by suggesting some functional and psychosocial factors linked to paid and unpaid work.
DOES EXCHANGE RATE MATTER TO AGRICULTURAL BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANAD?
Creators: name: Cho, Guedae
name: Kim, Mina
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Cho, Guedae
name: Kim, Mina
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: cointegration
subject: VECM
subject: VMA
subject: exchange rate impacts
subject: weak exogeneity
subject: over-identification
subject: short- and long-run impulse response

description: This study examines the effects of the U.S.-Canada exchange rate on bilateral trade of agricultural goods between the two countries and on U.S. farm income. Special attention is given to agricultural trade between the two countries under the Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA). This study utilizes two time series models: the vector error correction model (VECM) and the vector moving average model (VMA) with quarterly time series data from 1983 to 2000. This study found that exchange rates have a significant impact on U.S. agricultural trade with Canada and that the exchange rate between the two currencies is weakly exogenous in the U.S. agricultural sector, indicating that it is not influenced by U.S. agricultural trade with Canada and U.S. farm income.
Robust Entanglement through Macroscopic Quantum Jumps
Creators: name: Metz, Jeremy
name: Trupke, Michael
name: Beige, Almut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an entanglement generation scheme that requires neither the coherent evolution of a quantum system nor the detection of single photons. Instead, the desired state is heralded by a {\em macroscopic} quantum jump. Macroscopic quantum jumps manifest themselves as a random telegraph signal with long intervals of intense fluorescence (light periods) interrupted by the complete absence of photons (dark periods). Here we show that a system of two atoms trapped inside an optical cavity can be designed such that a dark period prepares the atoms in a maximally entangled ground state. Achieving fidelities above 0.9 is possible even when the single-atom cooperativity parameter C is as low as 10 and when using a photon detector with an efficiency as low as eta = 0.2.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, more detailed discussion of underlying physical effect, references updated
LiHoF$_4$: Cuboidal Demagnetizing Factor in an Ising Ferromagnet
Creators: name: Twengström, Mikael
name: Bovo, Laura
name: Petrenko, Oleg A.
name: Bramwell, Steven T.
name: Henelius, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The demagnetizing factor has an important effect on the physics of ferromagnets. For cuboidal samples it depends on susceptibility and the historic problem of determining this function continues to generate theoretical and experimental challenges. To test a recent theory, we measure the magnetic susceptibility of the Ising dipolar ferromagnet LiHoF$_4$, using samples of varying aspect ratio, and we reconsider the demagnetizing transformation necessary to obtain the intrinsic material susceptibility. Our experimental results confirm that the microscopic details of the material significantly affect the transformation, as predicted. In particular, we find that the uniaxial Ising spins require a demagnetizing transformation that differs from the one needed for Heisenberg spins and that use of the wrong demagnetizing transformation would result in unacceptably large errors in the measured physical properties of the system. Our results further shed light on the origin of the mysterious `flat' susceptibility of ordered ferromagnets by demonstrating that the intrinsic susceptibility of the ordered ferromagnetic phase is infinite, regardless of sample shape.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Guidelines for QUEST stakeholder engagement approach
Creators: name: Bezzi, Margot
name: Valente, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: stakeholder engagement

description: The purpose of this document is to support the project team of QUEST for the creation of events with a participative component. Its objective is to help bringing, within traditional research practice, tools, the implementation of more participative and open research approaches, offering guidelines and approaches that are grounded in practice and backed by research, so as to create some preconditions to the successful creation of participative events. The intention is to allow partners to use the mutual learning events as opportunities for co-creation of new knowledge, considering the planning of these engagement opportunities in their full potential.
Nature of Phase Transitions in a Generalized Complex |psi|^4 Model
Creators: name: Bittner, Elmar
name: Janke, Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ Monte Carlo simulations to study a generalized three-dimensional complex $psi|^4 theory of Ginzburg-Landau form and compare our numerical results with a recent quasi-analytical mean-field type approximation, which predicts first-order phase transitions in parts of the phase diagram. As we have shown earlier, this approximation does not apply to the standard formulation of the model. This motivated us to introduce a generalized Hamiltonian with an additional fugacity term controlling implicitly the vortex density. With this modification we find that the complex |psi|^4 theory can, in fact, be tuned to undergo strong first-order phase transitions. The standard model is confirmed to exhibit continuous transitions which can be characterized by XY model exponents, as expected by universality arguments. A few remarks on the two-dimensional case are also made.
description: 11 pages, RevTex, 33 postscript figures, author information under http://www.physik.uni-leipzig.de/index.php?id=22
THE IMPACT OF BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA'S CURRENCY DEVALUATION ON U.S. SOYBEAN TRADE
Creators: name: Andino, Jose
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Andino, Jose
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: soybeans
subject: exchange rates
subject: third country effect
subject: EC3SLS.

description: We analyzed the effects of Brazil and Argentina's currency devaluation on the U.S. soybean import demand in major importing countries. Results indicate that nominal exchange rates between the United States and importers affect the U.S. soybean export market. Additionally, we found evidence that currency depreciations have favored soybean exports from Argentina and Brazil at the cost of reduced exports from the United States. Increased world soybean demand has promoted export sales from major producers, affecting export prices. However, adoption of GM soybeans in the United States has been a determinant in decreased U.S. soybean exports.
Suppression of luminosity and mass-radius relation of highly magnetized white dwarfs
Creators: name: Gupta, Abhay
name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
name: Tout, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the luminosity L of magnetized white dwarfs and its effect on the mass-radius relation. We self-consistently obtain the interface between the electron degenerate gas dominated inner core and the outer ideal gas surface layer or envelope by incorporating both the components of gas throughout the model white dwarf. This is obtained by solving the set of magnetostatic equilibrium, photon diffusion and mass conservation equations in the Newtonian framework, for different sets of luminosity and magnetic field. We appropriately use magnetic opacity, instead of Kramer's opacity, wherever required. We show that the Chandrasekhar-limit is retained, even at high luminosity upto about 10^{-2} solar luminosity but without magnetic field, if the temperature is set constant inside the interface. However there is an increased mass for large-radius white dwarfs, an effect of photon diffusion. Nevertheless, in the presence of strong magnetic fields, with central strength of about 10^{14} G, super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs, with masses of about 1.9 solar mass, are obtained even when the temperature inside the interface is kept constant. Most interestingly, small-radius magnetic white dwarfs remain super-Chandrasekhar even if their luminosity decreases to as low as about 10^{-20} solar luminosity. However, their large-radius counterparts in the same mass-radius relation merge with Chandrasekhar's result at low L. Hence, we argue for the possibility of highly magnetized, low luminous super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs which, owing to their faintness, can be practically hidden.
description: 11 pages including 2 in Appendix, 8 figures including 3 in Appendix (total 9 eps files) and 3 tables (change in ordering figures w.r.to previous version); Accepted for publication in MNRAS
FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NORTH DAKOTA FARMS 1998-2000
Creators: name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm financial management
subject: farm management
subject: farm income
subject: liquidity
subject: solvency
subject: profitability
subject: repayment capacity
subject: financial efficiency
subject: financial benchmarks
subject: tenure
subject: North Dakota.

description: The performance of over 530 North Dakota farms, 1998-2000, is summarized using 16 financial measures. Farms are categorized by geographic region, farm type, farm size, gross cash sales, farm tenure, net farm income, debt-to-asset, and age of farmer to analyze relationships between financial performance and farm characteristics. Farm financial trends for the 1991-2000 period are also presented. Financial performance in 2000 and 1999 was the highest since 1993. Performance was much improved from 1997 and 1998 when one-fourth of farms had negative net farm income and over one-half of farms were not able to make scheduled term debt payments with the year's income. Crop prices were low in 2000 and 1999, but yields were generally good, beef cattle prices were improved and there was extraordinary government and crop insurance payments. Median net farm income was $45,085 in 2000, $42,009 in 1999 and $19,491 in 1998.
Community Participation Strategies and Forest Conservation in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria.pdf
Creators: name: Oyamo, Vincent  Ita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate community participation strategies and forest conservation in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State. To achieve this purpose, two null hypotheses were formulated and tested and 0.05level of significance. A detailed review of literature were carried out based on the variables of the study. Survey research design was used for the study. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the six communities while systematic random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the two hundred and twenty-six respondents used for the study…
Keeping M-Earths Habitable in the Face of Atmospheric Loss by Sequestering Water in the Mantle
Creators: name: Moore, Keavin
name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water cycling between Earth's mantle and surface has previously been modelled and extrapolated to rocky exoplanets, but these studies neglected the host star. M-dwarf stars are more common than Sun-like stars and at least as likely to host temperate rocky planets (M-Earths). However, M dwarfs are active throughout their lifetimes; specifically, X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation during their early evolution can cause rapid atmospheric loss on orbiting planets. The increasing bolometric flux reaching M-Earths leads to warmer, moister upper atmospheres, while XUV radiation can photodissociate water molecules and drive hydrogen and oxygen escape to space. Here, we present a coupled model of deep-water cycling and water loss to space on M-Earths to explore whether these planets can remain habitable despite their volatile evolution. We use a cycling parameterization accounting for the dependence of mantle degassing on seafloor pressure, the dependence of regassing on mantle temperature, and the effect of water on mantle viscosity and thermal evolution. We assume the M dwarf's XUV radiation decreases exponentially with time, and energy-limited water loss with 30% efficiency. We explore the effects of cycling and loss to space on planetary water inventories and water partitioning. Planet surfaces desiccated by loss can be rehydrated, provided there is sufficient water sequestered in the mantle to degas once loss rates diminish at later times. For a given water loss rate, the key parameter is the mantle overturn timescale at early times: if the mantle overturn timescale is longer than the loss timescale, then the planet is likely to keep some of its water.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS