Stigmacoccus paranaensis Foldi
Creators: name: Hodgson, Chris
name: Gamper, Heather
name: Bogo, Amauri
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Margarodidae
Stigmacoccus
Stigmacoccus paranaensis

description: Stigmacoccus paranaensis Foldi
(Fig. 7)
Material studied. PARATYPE: BRAZIL, Paraná, Vila Velha, 8.xi.1985, I. Foldi (MNHN, 10365-4): 1/1 cyst (large) in good condition.
Other material. BRAZIL, Sta Catarina, Florianopolis, Campus of Univ. Fed. de Santa Catarina, on trunk of Schizolobium excelsum (Fabaceae), early vi.1998, G. Mottana (BMNH): 13/13 cysts in fair to good condition, 12 large, 1 small; also São Paulo, no date, on Inga sp., H.S. Lepage (BMNH, EEG 49/34 No. 8): 1/2 large in fair condition.
Unmounted material. "Larva ....dans un test dur, noirâtre, de form circulaire de 4.0– 4.2 mm de diamètre, trouvée sur les troncs d' Inga." (Foldi, 2006).
Mounted material. Approximately round, length: small 2.0 mm, large 3.7 mm.
Dorsum. Large: derm covered in abundant spines laterally and posteriorly, less frequent or absent medially and anteriorly; small: spines fewer and more restricted to abdomen and laterally on thorax; all subequal in length, each spine 25–33 ųm long. Also with much shorter, blunt, cone-like spines associated with each abdominal spiracle, each about 7–9 ųm wide, 8–10 ųm tall, as follows: large: segment I 10–18; II–V 15–23; VI 11–17; VII 8–15 and VIII 0; small: segment I 2 or 3; II and III 5; IV–VII 3–10; VIII 0. Setae: (i) hairs each 20–28 ųm long: sparse; (ii) small spinose setae, each about 10 ųm long, with a basal socket about 8 ųm wide: sparse; (iii) minute setae: setose setae about 4 ųm long, sparse; more spinose setae up to 6 ųm long present occasionally near spiracles. Pores: (i) bilocular pores, each rather round, about 10 ųm wide and 11 ųm long, only slightly sunken into derm and strongly convex; sparse throughout but mainly in intersegmental membranes on abdomen; and (ii) tubular pores, each 13–17 ųm long, 7–8 ųm wide; much more abundant than bilocular pores and not restricted to intersegmental membranes on abdomen. Abdominal spiracles: large: outer atrium 28–42 ųm long, 25–40 ųm wide, each with 1–2 rows of large pores at distal end; central atrium 25–30 long, 23–30 ųm wide; small outer atrium 18–20 ųm long, 20–22 ųm wide, each with 1 ring of large pores at distal end; central atrium 13 ųm long, 18 ųm wide; inner atrium of both sizes with a sclerotised "pluglike" structure 18–33 ųm long. Anal area: (i) large: anal opening 120–125 ųm wide, small 70 ųm wide; (ii) band of tubercle-like pores about 5 pores deep, large: outer diameter 207–250, small: 145 ųm; and (iii) a narrow band of rounded cone-like spines, mainly 1 spine wide; with spiracles of abdominal segment VIII lying laterad to band of spines, each spiracle without associated cone-like spines; without a complex sclerotised band outside abdominal segment VIII spiracles. Anal tube: outer tube: large about 210–270 ųm long, about 100 ųm wide, small 125 ųm long, 55–60 ųm wide; finger-like extensions: large: each 210–290 ųm long, small 125 ųm long; pores on visible part of anal tube distributed as in generic description.
Venter. Distribution of spines apparently similar to that on dorsum; spines absent from head; pore and setal distribution similar. Antennae each with 2 fleshy setae + a number of minute setae: outer measurements: large 38–40 ųm wide, small 30–33 ųm wide; each antenna with 0–2 short spur-like setae + 0 pores (small) or 1–3 pores (large) on derm near outer margin. Clypeolabral shield: large 410–430, small 330 ųm long; labium: large about 250 long, 145–200 ųm wide; small 180 ųm long, 130 ųm wide. Thoracic spiracles: peritreme roundly oval, greatest width: large 50–65 ųm wide, small 28–30 ųm wide; large with 3 or 4 rows of pores totalling 30+ pores, small with 1 or 2 rows of pores totalling 16–19 pores; length of muscle plate: large 150– 170 ųm, small 100 ųm; large with 30–45 rounded, cone-like spines associated with each thoracic spiracle + a few small spinose setae; small 16–28 cone-like spines.
Comment. The cysts of S. paranaensis are easily separable from those of other species by the following combination of characters: (i) the lack of an outer sclerotised band associated with anal complex (as on S. garmilleri); (ii) presence of few cone-like spines associated with each abdominal spiracle (many on S. asper); (iii) cone-like spines associated with thoracic spiracles in an elongate group and present on both sides of each spiracle, and (iv) presence of spur-like setae near each antenna (as on S. asper).
description: Published as part of Hodgson, Chris, Gamper, Heather, Bogo, Amauri & Watson, Gillian, 2007, A taxonomic review of the Margarodoid genus Stigmacoccus Hempel (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Stigmacoccidae), with some details on their biology, pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1507 on pages 19-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177176