cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Power extraction circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesters and time series data in water supply systems
Creators: name: Dicken, James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: This thesis investigates two fundamental technological challenges that prevent water utilities from deploying infrastructure monitoring apparatus with high spatial and temporal resolution: providing sufficient power for sensor nodes by increasing the power output from a vibration-driven energy harvester based on piezoelectric transduction, and the processing and storage of large volumes of data resulting from the increased level of pressure and flow rate monitoring. Piezoelectric energy harvesting from flow-induced vibrations within a water main represents a potential source of power to supply a sensor node capable of taking high- frequency measurements. A main factor limiting the amount of power from a piezoelectric device is the damping force that can be achieved. Electronic interface circuits can modify this damping in order to increase the power output to a reasonable level. A unified analytical framework was developed to compare circuits able to do this in terms of their power output. A new circuit is presented that out-performs existing circuits by a factor of 2, which is verified experimentally. The second problem concerns the management of large data sets arising from resolving challenges with the provision of power to sensor devices. The ability to process large data volumes is limited by the throughput of storage devices. For scientists to execute queries in a timely manner, query execution must be performant. The large volume of data that must be gathered to extract information from historic trends mandates a scalable approach. A scalable, durable storage and query execution framework is presented that is able to significantly improve the execution time of user-defined queries. A prototype database was implemented and validated on a cluster of commodity servers using live data gathered from a London pumping station and transmission mains. Benchmark results and reliability tests are included that demonstrate a significant improvement in performance over a traditional database architecture for a range of frequently-used operations, with many queries returning results near-instantaneously.
Heterotic Gauge Structure of Type II K3 Fibrations
Creators: name: Hunt, Bruce
name: Schimmrigk, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that certain classes of K3 fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds derive from orbifolds of global products of K3 surfaces and particular types of curves. This observation explains why the gauge groups of the heterotic duals are determined by the structure of a single K3 surface and provides the dual heterotic picture of conifold transitions between K3 fibrations. Abstracting our construction from the special case of K3 hypersurfaces to general K3 manifolds with an appropriate automorphism, we show how to construct Calabi-Yau threefold duals for heterotic theories with arbitrary gauge groups. This generalization reveals that the previous limit on the Euler number of Calabi-Yau manifolds is an artifact of the restriction to the framework of hypersurfaces.
description: 15 pages, 3 eps figures
Apis aestuans Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Apis
Apis aestuans

description: Apis aestuans [spec. nov.]
A. hirsuta nigra, thorace flavo. M. L. U.
Habitat in calidis regionibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 579, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Cosmological Constant in Calabi-Yau 3-fold Compactifications of the Horava-Witten Theory
Creators: name: de Alwis, S. P.
name: Irges, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brane world scenarios offer a way of setting the cosmological constant to zero after supersymmetry breaking provided there is a sufficient number of adjustable integration constants/parameters. In the case of the Horava-Witten theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold, we argue that it is difficult to find enough freedom to get a zero (or small) cosmological constant after supersymmetry breaking.
description: 9 pages
The Angular Clustering of Lyman-Break Galaxies at Redshift z=3
Creators: name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Adelberger, Kurt L.
name: Dickinson, Mark E.
name: Pettini, Max
name: Kellogg, Melinda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the angular correlation function w(theta) for a sample of 871 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z=3. Fitting a power-law to a weighted average of w(theta) from 5 fields, we find the amplitude to be A_w=2 arcsec^β and the slope β=0.9. The slope is the same as in the local and moderate redshift universe. A slope β=0.25 or shallower is ruled out by the data at the 99.9% confidence level. Because N(z) of LBGs is well determined from 376 spectroscopic redshifts, the real-space correlation function can be derived from the angular one through the Limber transform. This inversion is rather insensitive to the still relatively large errors on A_w and β, and the spatial correlation length is much more tightly constrained than either of these parameters. We estimate r_0=3.3 -0.6 +0.7 (2.1 -0.5 +0.4) h^{-1} Mpc (comoving) for q_0=0.1 (0.5) at z=3.04 (h is in units of 100 km/s/Mpc). The correlation length of LBGs at z=3 is comparable to that of present-day spiral galaxies and is only about 50% smaller than that of the ellipticals; it is as large or larger than any measured in galaxy samples at 0.3
description: 24 pages, 4 postscript figures, LaTex, uses aaspp4.sty, to be published in The Astrophysical Journal
On Shadowing and Chain Recurrence in Linear Dynamics
Creators: name: Bernardes, Nilson C.
name: Peris, Alfredo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 37B65, 37B20, 47A16. Secondary: 47B37, 46A45

description: In the present work we study the concepts of shadowing and chain recurrence in the setting of linear dynamics. We prove that shadowing and finite shadowing always coincide for operators on Banach spaces, but we exhibit operators on the Fréchet space $H(\mathbb{C})$ of entire functions that have the finite shadowing property but do not have the shadowing property. We establish a characterization of mixing for continuous maps with the finite shadowing property in the setting of uniform spaces, which implies that chain recurrence and mixing coincide for operators with the finite shadowing property on any topological vector space. We establish a characterization of dense distributional chaos for operators with the finite shadowing property on Fréchet spaces. As a consequence, we prove that if a Devaney chaotic (resp. a chain recurrent) operator on a Fréchet space (resp. on a Banach space) has the finite shadowing property, then it is densely distributionally chaotic. We obtain complete characterizations of chain recurrence for weighted shifts on Fréchet sequence spaces. We prove that generalized hyperbolicity implies periodic shadowing for operators on Banach spaces. Moreover, the concepts of shadowing and periodic shadowing coincide for unilateral weighted backward shifts, but these notions do not coincide in general, even for bilateral weighted shifts.
Additional file 2: of Canadaâ s Physical Literacy Consensus Statement: process and outcome
Creators: name: Tremblay, Mark
name: Costas-Bradstreet, Christa
name: Barnes, Joel
name: Bartlett, Brett
name: Dampier, Diana
name: Lalonde, Chantal
name: Leidl, Reg
name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: McKee, Melanie
name: Patton, Rhonda
name: Way, Richard
name: Yessis, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Stakeholder Survey. (DOCX 137Â kb)
Analytical and numerical analysis of the complete Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Co', Giampaolo
name: De Leo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick is a simple, but not trivial, model of a quantum many-body system which allows us to solve the many-body Schrödinger equation without making any approximation. The model, which in its unperturbed case is composed only by two energy levels, includes two interacting terms. A first one, the $V$ interaction, which promotes or degrade pairs of particles, and a second one, the $W$ interaction, which scatters one particle in the upper and another in the lower energy level. In comparing this model with other approximation methods, the $W$ term interaction is often set to zero. In this paper, we show how the presence of this interaction changes the global structure of the system, generates degeneracies between the various eigenstates and modifies the energy eigenvalues structure. We present analytical solutions for systems of two and three particles and, for some specific cases, also for four, six and eight particles. The solutions for systems with more than eight particles are only numerical but their behaviour can be well understood by considering the extrapolations of the analytical results. Of particular interest it is the study of how the $W$ interaction affects the energy gap between the ground state and the first-excited state.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
ASCA Observations of a Nearby and Massive Galaxy Cluster, Abell 3627
Creators: name: Tamura, T.
name: Fukazawa, Y
name: Kaneda, H.
name: Makishima, K.
name: Tashiro, M.
name: Tanaka, Y.
name: Bohringer, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results obtained from the ASCA observations of the cluster of galaxies Abell 3627 are presented. This cluster, located behind the Milky way, was recently found to be a nearby, X-ray bright and very rich cluster. Pointed observations onto the central region of the cluster gave a gas temperature of $\sim7$ keV and a metallicity of about 0.2 solar. An offset pointing to a substructure elongated to south-east of the cluster center gave a significantly lower temperature of $\sim 5$ keV. The 2--10 keV luminosity within a radius of 40' (1.1 Mpc) is estimated to be $3.7 \times 10^{44} erg/s$. The X-ray data imply a cluster mass of about $4\times 10^{14}$ $M_\odot$ within 40'.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures,accepted in PASJ 50 no.2
Additional file 1: of Toward population specific and personalized treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Creators: name: Jyh-Ming Liou
name: Po-Yueh Chen
name: Kuo, Yu-Ting
name: Ming-Shiang Wu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Statistics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1–1. Efficacy of 7-day triple therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S1–2. Efficacy of 10-day triple therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S1–3. Efficacy of 14-day triple therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S2–1. Efficacy of 10-day sequential therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S2–2. Efficacy of 14-day sequential therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S3–1. Efficacy of 5-day or less concomitant therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S3–2. Efficacy of 7-day concomitant therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S3–3. Efficacy of 10-day concomitant therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S3–4. Efficacy of 14-day concomitant therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S4. Efficacy of 10–14 day hybrid therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S5–1. Efficacy of 7-day or less bismuth quadruple therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S5–2. Efficacy of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S5–3. Efficacy of 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. Table S6. Efficacy of Levofloxacin triple therapy in the first line treatment of the individual studies. (DOCX 221 kb)
title: ADCO, Premier cartulaire de l'abbaye de Molesmes (XIIe siècle), Cart. 142 (7 H 6), 128 pages, f. 0047v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2009
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Premier cartulaire de l'abbaye de Molesmes (XIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 142 (7 H 6), 128 pages, f. 0047v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Premier cartulaire de l'abbaye de Molesmes (XIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 142 (7 H 6), 128 pages, f. 0047v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb137389344
description: Provenance: abbaye de Molesme
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q334044
Additional file 3: of Hazard communication by volcanologists: part 2 - quality standards for volcanic hazard assessments
Creators: name: Bretton, Richard
name: Gottsmann, Joachim
name: Ryerson Christie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Sources that influenced the survey drafting. (DOCX 28 kb)
Bridging the divide between consumers and employees in brand relationships
Creators: name: Gill-Simmen, Lucy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The employee as an advocate for his/her own brand has achieved heightened attention of late. However, despite a wealth of research into consumer-brand relationships, how employees relate to their own brands and subsequently exhibit specific brand-behaviours is poorly understood. Particularly, little attention has been directed towards the concept of the employee as forming brand relationships as compared with consumers. This thesis examines the nature of the employee-brand relationship; more specifically we discuss functional, symbolic and experiential brand value as drivers of employee-brand self-connection and employee-brand identification and subsequently the effect on brand-specific behaviours. Given the relative paucity of literature on employees and brands we adopt a grounded theory approach and conduct a series of in-depth interviews to access employees’ insights and experiences with the brand. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. The themes that emerge are used to construct a conceptual framework that is subsequently tested using a survey instrument and Structural Equation Modeling. Our findings suggest a number of similarities and differences between the way in which employees relate to the brand and the way in which consumers relate to the brand. Our findings have far reaching implications for academics and practitioners alike.
Additional file 2 of Histone H3K27 acetylation is dispensable for enhancer activity in mouse embryonic stem cells
Creators: name: Zhang, Tiantian
name: Zhang, Zhuqiang
name: Dong, Qiang
name: Xiong, Jun
name: Zhu, Bing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S1. Strategy for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing at H3f3a and H3f3b loci. Figure S2. H3.3K27R mutation does not affect the H3.3 protein level and pluripotent state of ESCs. Figure S3. Genome-wide decrease in H3K27ac levels in individual H3.3K27R mutant mouse ESC lines. Figure S4. Averaged profiles of H3.3 at active enhancers and H3K27-occupied promoters in mouse ESCs. Figure S5. H3.3K27R mutation does not affect the genome-wide distribution of H3K27me3 in mouse ESCs. Figure S6. Heatmap clustering of differentially expressed genes in WT and H3.3K27R mutant mouse ESC lines. Figure S7. H3.3K27R mutation does not affect the transcription of genes associated with super enhancers in mouse ESCs. Figure S8. H3K4me1 distribution at enhancers and H3K27ac-occupied promoters in WT and H3.3K27R mutant ESC lines. Figure S9. H3K4me3 distribution at H3K27ac-occupied promoters in WT and H3.3K27R mutant ESC lines. Figure S10. Averaged profiles of H3K9ac, H3K18ac, H3K122ac, H4K5ac, and H4K8ac at enhancers and H3K27ac-occupied promoters in WT and H3.3K27R mutant ESC lines. Figure S11. Barplots show Pearson correlation coefficients between ChIP-seq signal of histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq signal). (PDF 2893 kb)
Vision-based DRL Autonomous Driving Agent with Sim2Real Transfer
Creators: name: Li, Dianzhao
name: Okhrin, Ostap
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To achieve fully autonomous driving, vehicles must be capable of continuously performing various driving tasks, including lane keeping and car following, both of which are fundamental and well-studied driving ones. However, previous studies have mainly focused on individual tasks, and car following tasks have typically relied on complete leader-follower information to attain optimal performance. To address this limitation, we propose a vision-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent that can simultaneously perform lane keeping and car following maneuvers. To evaluate the performance of our DRL agent, we compare it with a baseline controller and use various performance metrics for quantitative analysis. Furthermore, we conduct a real-world evaluation to demonstrate the Sim2Real transfer capability of the trained DRL agent. To the best of our knowledge, our vision-based car following and lane keeping agent with Sim2Real transfer capability is the first of its kind.
Noncommutative Geometry, Negative Probabilities and Cantorian-Fractal Spacetime
Creators: name: Castro, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A straightforward explanation of the Young's two-slit experiment of a quantum particle is obtained within the framework of the Noncommutative Geometric associated with El Naschie's Cantorian-Fractal transfinite Spacetime continuum.
description: Tex file 4 pages
The role of B cells in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease
Creators: name: Khoder, Ahmad
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a major complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Traditionally, GVHD has been approached as a T-cell-mediated process and current therapies reflect this understanding. The successful treatment of a proportion of refractory cGVHD patients with a CD20-depleting-agent supports a pathological role for B cells. To study the role of B cells in cGVHD, I designed a comprehensive multi-parameter panel of surface antibodies to distinguish different B cell subsets. The panel was validated on a number of healthy volunteers and applied to peripheral blood samples from cGVHD patients. I showed that patients with active chronic GVHD have an expanded population of CD21- with an ‘exhausted’ phenotype, based on upregulation of inhibitory receptors, altered expression of chemokine receptors and poor proliferative capacity. A similar subset of CD21- exhausted B cells was described in patients with chronic HIV viraemia. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between frequencies of CD21- B cells and the severity of cGVHD. Further work to identify the potential antigens that drive the expansion of these cells is currently underway. I also explored the role of IL10 producing regulatory B cells (Breg); powerful regulators of immune responses. A number of B cell subsets have been described in murine models of autoimmunity and some human autoimmune diseases. I investigated the presence of IL10 producing B cells in the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Using intracellular cytokine staining for IL10 and surface phenotyping, I showed that IL10 producing B cells are enriched within the CD27+ IgMhi (IgM memory) B-cell subset. The purified populations of IgM memory B cells had regulatory properties and are capable of suppressing CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFNγ in vitro. Finally, I showed that B cells from cGVHD patients produce significantly less IL10 compared with both HC and “no-GVHD” patients. I thereby propose that B cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cGVHD. Ex vivo expanded and adoptively transferred IgM memory B-cells may offer a potentially effective immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of refractory cGVHD.
Summary of Results in N=1 Supersymmetric SU(2) Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Elitzur, S.
name: Forge, A.
name: Giveon, A.
name: Rabinovici, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize some results in 4d, N=1 supersymmetric SU(2) gauge theories: the exact effective superpotentials, the vacuum structure, and the exact effective Abelian couplings for arbitrary bare masses and Yukawa couplings.
description: 13 pages
title: ADCO, Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0408
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0408, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0408, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Obstructions to choosing distinct points on cubic plane curves
Creators: name: Chen, Weiyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Every smooth cubic plane curve has 9 inflection points, 27 sextatic points, and 72 ``points of type nine". Motivated by these classical algebro-geometric constructions, we study the following topological question: Is it possible to continuously choose $n$ distinct unordered points on each smooth cubic plane curve for a natural number $n$? This question is equivalent to asking if certain fiber bundle admits a continuous section or not. We prove that the answer is no when $n$ is not a multiple of 9. Our result resolves a conjecture of Benson Farb.
description: Minor revisions
Thermal behavior and entanglement in Pb-Pb and p-p collisions
Creators: name: Feal, X.
name: Pajares, C.
name: Vazquez, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermalization of the particles produced in collisions of small size objects can be achieved by quantum entanglement of the partons of the initial state as it was analyzed recently in proton-proton collisions. We extend such study to Pb-Pb collisions and to different multiplicities of proton-proton collisions. We observe that, in all cases, the effective temperature is approximately proportional to the hard scale of the collision. We show that such relation between the thermalization temperature and the hard scale can be explained as a consequence of the clustering of the color sources. The fluctuations on the number of parton states decreases with multiplicity in Pb-Pb collisions as far as the width of the transverse momentum distributions decreases, contrary to the p-p case. We relate these fluctuations to the temperature time fluctuations by means of a Langevin equation for the white noise due to the quench of a hard parton collision.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Identifying Spurious Biases Early in Training through the Lens of Simplicity Bias
Creators: name: Yang, Yu
name: Gan, Eric
name: Dziugaite, Gintare Karolina
name: Mirzasoleiman, Baharan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural networks trained with (stochastic) gradient descent have an inductive bias towards learning simpler solutions. This makes them highly prone to learning spurious correlations in the training data, that may not hold at test time. In this work, we provide the first theoretical analysis of the effect of simplicity bias on learning spurious correlations. Notably, we show that examples with spurious features are provably separable based on the model's output early in training. We further illustrate that if spurious features have a small enough noise-to-signal ratio, the network's output on the majority of examples is almost exclusively determined by the spurious features, leading to poor worst-group test accuracy. Finally, we propose SPARE, which identifies spurious correlations early in training and utilizes importance sampling to alleviate their effect. Empirically, we demonstrate that SPARE outperforms state-of-the-art methods by up to 21.1% in worst-group accuracy, while being up to 12x faster. We also show that SPARE is a highly effective but lightweight method to discover spurious correlations.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures
Hypoxia and the mechanisms regulating inflammatory tissue destruction in tuberculosis
Creators: name: Belton, Moerida
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) causes approximately 2 million deaths a year. There have been few new drugs developed to treat the disease and treatment courses are often complex owing to the emergence of drug resistance and the HIV epidemic. It is unknown whether lesions in human tuberculosis (TB) are hypoxic, nor whether this influences disease pathology. Human TB is characterized by extensive lung destruction driven by host MMPs particularly collagenases such as MMP-1. This thesis describes the investigation of hypoxia in patients with the specific tracer [18F]-Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO). [18F]FMISO accumulated in regions of TB consolidation and around pulmonary cavities, demonstrating for the first time severe hypoxia in man. Dynamic imaging and Patlak Ki mapping showed heterogenous levels of oxygenation within and between patients. In M.tb-infected human macrophages, hypoxia (1% pO2) upregulated MMP-1 gene expression 2,800-fold, driving secretion and caseinolytic activity. Dimethyloxalyl glycine (DMOG), a small molecule inhibitor which stabilizes HIF-1α, similarly upregulated MMP-1. Hypoxia did not affect mycobacterial replication. Hypoxia increased MMP-1 expression in primary respiratory epithelial cells via TB-dependent networks. HIF-1α and NF-κB regulated increased MMP-1 activity in hypoxia. Furthermore, M.tb infection drove HIF-1α accumulation even in normoxia, and epithelioid macrophages and multi-nucleate giant cells in human TB lung biopsies expressed HIF-1α. HIF-1α blockade including by targeted siRNA inhibited TB-driven MMP-1 gene expression and secretion. Human TB lesions are severely hypoxic and M.tb directly drives HIF- 1α accumulation, thereby synergistically increasing collagenase activity leading to cavitation and disease transmission.
The Akulov-Volkov Lagrangian, Symmetry Currents and Spontaneously Broken Extended Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Clark, T. E.
name: Love, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalization of the Akulov-Volkov effective Lagrangian governing the self interactions of the Nambu-Goldstone fermions associated with spontaneously broken extended supersymmetry as well as their coupling to matter is presented and scrutinized. The resulting currents associated with R-symmetry, supersymmetry and space-time translations are constructed and seen to form a supermultiplet structure.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX; Title, abstract and introduction changes, references added
Glycomic and glycoproteomic studies of immune disorders
Creators: name: Wu, Gang
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Sugar oligomers which are linked to proteins and lipids play important roles in a large number of biological processes. These sugars are referred to as glycans. In the immune system, almost all key proteins are glycosylated. Glycans regulate the migration, recognition, activation, and apoptosis of immune cells, as well as the activities of antibodies. Owing to glycan complexity, the study of glycosylation is challenging. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a state-of-the-art technology which is ideally suited to investigating glycosylation, because of its ultra-high sensitivity and resolution, as well as its ability to analyze individual molecules in a complex, heterogeneous mixture. In this thesis, mass spectrometry was used to investigate the abnormal glycosylation of two newly discovered immune disorders: a hyper IgE syndrome and a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). In the hyper IgE syndrome, a total set of glycans on leukocytes was analysed (glycomic studies). A reduction in tri- and tetra-antennary glycans was observed in the patients. In addition, substantially increased levels of hybrid glycans were detected in a patient with more severe symptoms, and decreased fucosylation was found on their neutrophils. Site specific glycosylation analysis (glycoproteomic studies) was done on IgE, and 6 of 7 potential N-glycosylation sites on this antibody were mapped, which did not show significant glycosylation changes. In the CDG, tri-glucosylated high mannose glycans were observed, which helped the identification of an ER glucosidase I defect. Mass spectrometry was also used to investigate engineered antibodies which are designed to treat immune disorders. A dramatic increase in sialylation was observd in an IgG1 after introducing point mutations in the Fc region, and a considerable amount of high mannose glycans were detected in an IgG1 hexamer.
Additional file 6: of Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy
Creators: name: Gunnell, Katie
name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: Woodruff, Sarah
name: Barnes, Joel
name: Belanger, Kevin
name: Tremblay, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Final Motivation and Confidence domain questionnaire. (DOCX 86 kb)
Symmetry Restoration and Tachyon Condensation in Open String Theory
Creators: name: Gopakumar, Rajesh
name: Minwalla, Shiraz
name: Strominger, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been argued that D-branes in bosonic string theory can be described as noncommutative solitons, outside whose core the tachyon is condensed to its ground state. We conjecture that, in addition, the local U(1) gauge symmetry is restored to a $U(\infty)$ symmetry in the vacuum outside this core. We present new solutions obeying this boundary condition. The tension of these solitons agrees exactly with the expected D-brane tension for arbitrary noncommutativity parameter $\t$, which effectively becomes a dynamical variable. The restored $U(\infty)$ eliminates unwanted extra modes which might otherwise appear outside the soliton core.
description: 15 pages, harvmac
Advection Dominated Accretion Flows in the Kerr Metric: II. Steady State Global Solutions
Creators: name: Popham, Robert
name: Gammie, Charles F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper we have written down equations describing steady-state, optically thin, advection-dominated accretion onto a Kerr black hole (Gammie and Popham 1997, hereafter Paper I). In this paper we survey the numerical solutions to these equations. We find that the temperature and density of the gas in the inner part of the accretion flow depend strongly on the black hole spin parameter $a$. The rate of angular momentum accretion is also shown to depend on $a$; for $a$ greater than an equilibrium spin parameter $a_{eq}$ the black hole is de-spun by the accretion flow. We also investigate the dependence of the flow on the angular momentum transport efficiency $α$, the advected fraction of the dissipated energy $f$, and the adiabatic index $γ$. We find solutions for $-1 < a < 1$, $10^{-4} \le α\le 0.44$, $0.01 \le f \le 1$, and $4/3 < γ< 5/3$. For low values of $α$ and $f$ the inner part of the flow exhibits a pressure maximum and appears similar to equilibrium thick disk solutions.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX, submitted to ApJ
On the string-inspired approach to QED in external field
Creators: name: Shaisultanov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strassler's formulation of the string-derived Bern-Kosower formalism is extended to consider QED processes in homogeneous constant external field. A compact expression for the contribution of the one-loop with arbitrary number of external photon lines is given for scalar QED. Extension to spinor QED is shortly discussed.
description: 14 pages,Revtex,no figures
Additional file 2: of Hazard communication by volcanologists: part 2 - quality standards for volcanic hazard assessments
Creators: name: Bretton, Richard
name: Gottsmann, Joachim
name: Ryerson Christie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Survey and interview participants. (DOCX 24 kb)
Interpretation of the newly discovered $Ω$(2012)
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Azizi, K.
name: Sarac, Y.
name: Sundu, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently Belle Collaboration reported observation of a narrow state called $Ω(2012)$ with mass $2012.4 \pm 0.7$~(stat)~$\pm 0.6$(syst)~MeV and width $6.4^{+2.5}_{-2.0}$~(stat)~$\pm 1.6$~(syst)~MeV. We calculate the mass and residue of $Ω(2012)$ state by employing the QCD sum rule method. Comparison of the obtained results with the experimental data allows us to interpret this state as $1P$ orbital excitation of the ground state $Ω$ baryon, i.e. with quantum numbers $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^-$.
description: 6 Pages, 2 Figures and 1 Table
The Vector-Tensor Supermultiplet with Gauged Central Charge
Creators: name: Claus, P.
name: de Wit, B.
name: Faux, M.
name: Kleijn, B.
name: Siebelink, R.
name: Termonia, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vector-tensor multiplet is coupled off-shell to an N=2 vector multiplet such that its central charge transformations are realized locally. A gauged central charge is a necessary prerequisite for a coupling to supergravity and the strategy underlying our construction uses the potential for such a coupling as a guiding principle. The results for the action and transformation rules take a nonlinear form and necessarily include a Chern-Simons term. After a duality transformation the action is encoded in a homogeneous holomorphic function consistent with special geometry.
description: 8 pages, LATEX
Oral history interview with Peter Nemenyi, 2000
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Civil rights movements--History--20th century.--United States
Civil rights workers--History--20th century.--Mississippi
Civil rights workers--History--20th century.--Alabama

description: Nemenyi describes the circumstances of his birth and early childhood in Berlin, Germany and recalls the teachings, objectives, and atmosphere of the International Socialist Militant League's traveling school. He describes being driven out of Germany to Denmark and Switzerland in the early 1930s, and his eventual immigration to the United States in 1945. Nemenyi describes his enrollment at Black Mountain College in North Carolina in 1947, after his one semester at Washington College, and his service with the 88th Infantry Division, describing the college as a safe haven for German intellectuals. Nemenyi discusses his involvement in New York City politics in the early 1960s, through organizations like the Village Democrats, NAACP, and CORE. He recalls his experiences with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the summer of 1962, and the life and death of co-worker Medgar Evers. He describes the Freedom Information Center, founded by Jesse Morris, and his efforts in Laurel, Mississippi from the fall of 1963 to April of 1964. Nemenyi recalls the events leading up to the passage of the Civil Rights Act, including a police standoff at the Brown Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Selma, Alabama. Nemenyi describes his experience living in Nicaragua for three years, and discusses the Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979, the Sandinista National Liberation Front, and the Contra War, which he worked against with Witness for Peace. Nemenyi concludes the interview with reflections on poll watching in Mississippi, Bloody Sunday, the March to Montgomery, and the character of the Alabama police
Magnification Bias of Distant Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Testing Wave vs. Particle Dark Matter Predictions
Creators: name: Leung, Enoch
name: Broadhurst, Tom
name: Lim, Jeremy
name: Diego, Jose M.
name: Chiueh, Tzihong
name: Schive, Hsi-Yu
name: Windhorst, Rogier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acting as powerful gravitational lenses, the strong lensing galaxy clusters of the deep Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) program permit access to lower-luminosity galaxies lying at higher redshifts than hitherto possible. We analyzed the HFF to measure the volume density of Lyman-break galaxies at $z > 4.75$ by identifying a complete and reliable sample up to $z \simeq 10$. A marked deficit of such galaxies was uncovered in the highly magnified regions of the clusters relative to their outskirts, implying that the magnification of the sky area dominates over additional faint galaxies magnified above the flux limit. This negative magnification bias is consistent with a slow rollover at the faint end of the UV luminosity function, and indicates a preference for Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter with a light boson mass of $m_\mathrm{B} \simeq 10^{-22} \, \mathrm{eV}$ over standard cold dark matter. We emphasize that measuring the magnification bias requires no correction for multiply lensed images (with typically three or more images per source), whereas directly reconstructing the luminosity function will lead to an overestimate unless such images can be exhaustively matched up, especially at the faint end that is accessible only in the strongly lensed regions. In addition, we detected a distinctive downward transition in galaxy number density at $z \gtrsim 8$, which may be linked to the relatively late reionization reported by Planck. Our results suggests that JWST will likely peer into an "abyss" with essentially no galaxies detected in deep NIR imaging at $z > 10$.
description: 46 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Simultaneous or Sequential Training? How Speech Representations Cooperate in a Multi-Task Self-Supervised Learning System
Creators: name: Khorrami, Khazar
name: Blandón, María Andrea Cruz
name: Virtanen, Tuomas
name: Räsänen, Okko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Speech representation learning with self-supervised algorithms has resulted in notable performance boosts in many downstream tasks. Recent work combined self-supervised learning (SSL) and visually grounded speech (VGS) processing mechanisms for representation learning. The joint training with SSL and VGS mechanisms provides the opportunity to utilize both unlabeled speech and speech-related visual information based on data availability. This has shown to enhance the quality of learned representations, especially at encoding semantic- and lexical-level knowledge. In this work, we further study the joint optimization of wav2vec 2.0-based SSL and transformer-based VGS as a multi-task learning system. We explore a set of training scenarios to understand how speech representations are shared or transferred between the two tasks, and what is the optimal training strategy for cross-modal semantic retrieval and phoneme discrimination performance. As a result, we find that sequential training with wav2vec 2.0 first and VGS next provides higher performance on audio-visual retrieval compared to simultaneous optimization of both learning mechanisms. However, the parallel SSL-VGS training reduces the effects of catastrophic forgetting when switching between optimization criteria. Moreover, the results suggest that phonemic representations learned through the VGS mechanism may generalize better across datasets compared to those learned with SSL.
description: 5 pages, accepted by EUSIPCO 2023
Additional file 3 of Histone H3K27 acetylation is dispensable for enhancer activity in mouse embryonic stem cells
Creators: name: Zhang, Tiantian
name: Zhang, Zhuqiang
name: Dong, Qiang
name: Xiong, Jun
name: Zhu, Bing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1. Sequencing depth and mapping efficiency of ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq experiments. Table S2. Peak numbers called in ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq experiments. Table S3. Stats for mRNA-seq experiments. Table S4 Sequences of DNA oligos used in this study. (PDF 459 kb)
Hidden Symmetries in Second Class Constrained Systems - Are New Fields Necessary?
Creators: name: Vytheeswaran, A S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For many systems with second class constraints, the question posed in the title is answered in the negative. We prove this for a range of systems with two second class constraints. After looking at two examples, we consider a fairly general proof. It is shown that, to unravel gauge invariances in second class constrained systems, it is sufficient to work in the original phase space itself. Extension of the phase space by introducing new variables or fields is not required.
description: Latex file, 20 pages, replaced with revised version with minor revisions [2 lines each added to 5th and 7th paras of Introduction; minor addition to eqn. (11); two references added in Introduction; Slight change in 1st para of Conclusion ; References format slightly changed], Slightly different version presented at Workshop on ``Current Topics in Quantum Field Theory'', January 2000, Calcutta, India
Additional file 1: of Canadaâ s Physical Literacy Consensus Statement: process and outcome
Creators: name: Tremblay, Mark
name: Costas-Bradstreet, Christa
name: Barnes, Joel
name: Bartlett, Brett
name: Dampier, Diana
name: Lalonde, Chantal
name: Leidl, Reg
name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: McKee, Melanie
name: Patton, Rhonda
name: Way, Richard
name: Yessis, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Environmental Scan Survey. (DOCX 19Â kb)
Apis tropica Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Apis
Apis tropica

description: Apis tropica [spec. nov.]
A. hirsuta nigra, abdomine postice flavo. M. L. U.
Habitat in calidis regionibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 579, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206