cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observation of spin-spin fermion-mediated interactions between ultracold bosons
Creators: name: Edri, Hagai
name: Raz, Boaz
name: Matzliah, Noam
name: Davidson, Nir
name: Ozeri, Roee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interactions in an ultracold boson-fermion mixture are often manifested by elastic collisions. In a mixture of a condensed Bose gas (BEC) and spin polarized degenerate Fermi gas (DFG), fermions can mediate spin-spin interactions between bosons, leading to an effective long-range magnetic interaction analogous to Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction in solids. We used Ramsey spectroscopy of the hyperfine clock transition in a $^{87}$Rb BEC to measure the interaction mediated by a $^{40}$K DFG. By controlling the bosons density we isolated the effect of mediated interactions from mean-field frequency shifts due to direct collision with fermions. We measured an increase of boson spin-spin interaction by a factor of $η=1.45\pm 0.05^{stat} \pm 0.13^{sys}$ in the presence of the DFG, providing a clear evidence of spin-spin fermion mediated interaction. Decoherence in our system was dominated by inhomogeneous boson density shift, which increased significantly in the presence of the DFG, again indicating mediated interactions. We also measured a frequency shift due to boson-fermion interactions in accordance with a scattering length difference of $a_{bf_2}-a_{bf_1}=-5.36 \pm 0.44^{stat} \pm 1.43^{sys}~a_0$ between the clock-transition states, a first measurement beyond the low-energy elastic approximation in this mixture. This interaction can be tuned with a future use of a boson-fermion Feshbach resonance. Fermion-mediated interactions can potentially give rise to interesting new magnetic phases and extend the Bose-Hubbard model when the atoms are placed in an optical lattice.
The Rise of Judicial Power in Australia: Is There Now a Culture of Justification?
Creators: name: Hooper, Grant
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
Subgroups, hyperbolicity and cohomological dimension for totally disconnected locally compact groups
Creators: name: Arora, Shivam
name: Castellano, Ilaria
name: Cook, Ged Corob
name: Martínez-Pedroza, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F67, 20F69, 20J05, 57M07, 22D05

description: This article is part of the program of studying large-scale geometric properties of totally disconnected locally compact groups, TDLC-groups, by analogy with the theory for discrete groups. We provide a characterization of hyperbolic TDLC-groups, in terms of homological isoperimetric inequalities. This characterization is used to prove the main result of the article: for hyperbolic TDLC-groups with rational discrete cohomological dimension $\leq 2$, hyperbolicity is inherited by compactly presented closed subgroups. As a consequence, every compactly presented closed subgroup of the automorphism group $\mathrm{Aut}(X)$ of a negatively curved locally finite $2$-dimensional building $X$ is a hyperbolic TDLC-group, whenever $\mathrm{Aut}(X)$ acts with finitely many orbits on $X$. Examples where this result applies include hyperbolic Bourdon's buildings. We revisit the construction of small cancellation quotients of amalgamated free products, and verify that it provides examples of hyperbolic TDLC-groups of rational discrete cohomological dimension $2$ when applied to amalgamated products of profinite groups over open subgroups. We raise the question of whether our main result can be extended to locally compact hyperbolic groups if rational discrete cohomological dimension is replaced by asymptotic dimension. We prove that this is the case for discrete groups and sketch an argument for TDLC-groups.
Additional file 3 of The impact of caries status on supragingival plaque and salivary microbiome in children with mixed dentition: a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaoxia
name: He, Lidan
name: Yan, Siqi
name: Chen, Xinyi
name: Que, Guoying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S2. Curve charts for 90 samples. (A) Rarefaction curves based on Shannon index, each curve represents one sample. (B) Rarefaction curves based on OTUs, each curve represents one sample. (C) Species accumulation curves. The blue-shaded areas represent confidence intervals of OTUs number which was determined. (D) Rank abundance distribution curves. Each broken line represents the OTU abundance distribution of one sample.
Sentences without Conviction: Protecting an Offender from Unwarranted Discrimination in Employment
Creators: name: Bradfield, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In all Australian jurisdictions, courts have discretion to impose a sentence without recording a conviction. Legislation sets out factors relevant to the exercise of the court’s discretion and in Tasmania, Victoria and Queensland, the court is directed (among other matters) to have regard to the economic or social consequences for an offender of recording a conviction, including its impact on the offender’s employment prospects. Non-conviction sentences have been criticised for failing to achieve this objective, with some commentators proposing their abolition. This article examines the discretion to sentence without conviction, in relation to adult offenders in Tasmania, Victoria and Queensland and considers whether non-conviction sentences are able to protect an offender from unwarranted discrimination in employment. It argues that the employment protections to those who are not formally convicted are largely illusory in some contexts, and advances legislative recommendations that provide a more coherent approach to give effect to the judicial intent of not recording a conviction.
Scirtes flavoguttatus Champion, B 1918
Creators: name: Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki
name: Ruta, Rafał
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scirtidae
Scirtes
Scirtes flavoguttatus

description: Scirtes flavoguttatus species-group
 Diagnosis. Body moderate to large, TL 2.8–6.2 mm, oblong-oval, slightly convex above; maxillae (Fig. 1B) with elongated brush-like galea; labial palpomere 1 as long as palpomere 2 (Fig. 1C); mandibles symmetrical, without denticles on mesal edges, pointed at apices (Fig. 1A). Setation of abdominal sternites peculiar: sternites III–IV sparsely covered with short setae, setae longer on mesal portion of sternite III and IV, sternite IV with two transverse areas devoided of setation situated close to its anterior margin; sternites V–VII closely covered with long regular setae; caudal margin of sternite VII often shallowly emarginate (Fig. 2A). Tergites I–VII in males lacking apodemes in anterior portion (Fig. 2B) (tergite VII in females with apodemes); tergite VIII broad; sternite IX lightly sclerotized; tergite IX almost membranous; tegmen usually symmetrical, Ushaped, with distinct parameres; penis symmetrical, club-like, articulated with tegmen. Sternite VII of females often with a pair of small foveae; prehensor distinct and strongly sclerotized; bursal sclerite indistinct or absent (Fig. 3A).
 In addition to the above; the elytra often have a colour pattern; the anntenae often with contrasting coloration; basal 3 antennomeres yellow, remaining antennomeres brown to black; the elytral apices in females of some species are modified, with obliquely depressed excitators (sensu Ruta 2008) and the females, where known, are often darker than males, either entirely black (S. laosensis sp. n. and S. niisatoi sp. n.) or with indistinct yellow elytral pattern (spp. cf. luteomaculatus).
 Notes. Scirtes flavoguttatus species-group is similar to the japonicus species-group in the oblong-oval shape of the body (Nyholm 2002), but is distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: mandibles symmetrical, simply pointed; tegmen U-shaped; penis club-like, articulated with tegmen.
description: Published as part of Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki & Ruta, Rafał, 2010, Revision of the Scirtes flavoguttatus species-group (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae) 2467, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2467 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2467.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10094074
Charmed Hadron Production in Polarized pp Reactions as a Probe of Polarized Gluons in the Proton
Creators: name: Morii, Toshiyuki
name: Ohkuma, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To probe the behavior of polarized gluons in the proton, we propose the charmed hadron, such as Lambda_c and D^*, production in the forthcoming RHIC experiments. We found that the spin correlation between the target proton and the produced Lambda_c baryon might be a good signal for testing models of the polarized gluon distribution in the proton.
description: 1+5 pages, 4 figures, Contributed to 16th International Conference on Particles and Nuclei (PANIC 02), Osaka, Japan, 30 Sep - 4 Oct 2002
A Trait Specific Model of GM Crop Adoption by Minnesota and Wisconsin Corn Farmers
Creators: name: Useche, Pilar
name: Barham, Bradford
name: Foltz, Jeremy
name: Useche, Pilar
name: Barham, Bradford
name: Foltz, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Advances in the genetic modification of agricultural seeds have allowed a range of new opportunities for manipulating seed traits according to production, market and environmental concerns. As seed varieties continue to become increasingly differentiated, preferences for specific seed traits may be expected to impart significant effects on farmer demand for new seeds. This paper proposes a model of technology adoption that integrates demand for traits of new technologies with the potential for heterogeneity based on farm and farmer characteristics. The model is applied to recent GM corn adoption data from Minnesota and Wisconsin farmers, and uses conditional logit and mixed multinomial logit econometric models to estimate the effects of traits and farm and farmer characteristics on adoption outcomes.
On Long-Run Industry Behavior Under Heterogeneous Firms
Creators: name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper presents a long run analysis of industry behavior allowing for entry and exit, and cost heterogeneity among firms. Treating the number of firms as endogenous provides linkages between firms’ conduct (reflecting the exercise of market power) and market structure. In steady state equilibrium, the implications of cost structure for market equilibrium price, firms’ conduct and industry concentration are investigated. We derive the firms’ conduct that emerges in stationary equilibrium from evolutionary selection over time. We also show how globalization helps reduce the firms’ exercise of market power, increase the responsiveness of aggregate supply, and reduce price sensitivity to shocks.
When is an Office or Public Trust 'under the Commonwealth' for the Purposes of the Religious Tests Clause of the Australian Constitution?
Creators: name: Beck, Luke
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
Authenticated teleportation and verification in a noisy network
Creators: name: Unnikrishnan, Anupama
name: Markham, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Authenticated teleportation aims to certify the transmission of a quantum state through teleportation, even in the presence of an adversary. This scenario can be pictured in terms of an untrusted source distributing a Bell state between two parties who wish to verify it using some simple tests. We propose a protocol that achieves this goal in a practical way, and analyse its performance and security when the parties have noisy measurement devices. Further, we model a realistic experimental scenario where the state is subject to noise and dephasing. We finally apply our analysis to the verification of graph states with noisy measurement devices.
description: 11 pages, published version
AJ Brown, David Lewis, Richard Moberly and Wim Vandekerckhove, International Handbook on Whistleblowing Research (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014)
Creators: name: Zwart, Melissa De
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
A variable efficiency for thin disk black hole accretion
Creators: name: Reynolds, Christopher S.
name: Armitage, Philip J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the presence of torques at the inner edges of geometrically-thin black hole accretion disks using 3-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations in a pseudo-Newtonian potential. By varying the saturation level of the magnetorotational instability that leads to angular momentum transport, we show that the dynamics of gas inside the radius of marginal stability varies depending upon the magnetic field strength just outside that radius. Weak fields are unable to causally connect material within the plunging region to the rest of the disk, and zero torque is an approximately correct boundary condition at the radius of marginal stability. Stronger fields, which we obtain artificially but which may occur physically within more complete disk models, are able to couple at least some parts of the plunging region to the rest of the disk. In this case, angular momentum (and implicitly energy) is extracted from the material in the plunging region. Furthermore, the magnetic coupling to the plunging region can be highly time dependent with large fluctuations in the torque at the radius of marginal stability. This implies varying accretion efficiencies, both across systems and within a given system at different times. The results suggest a possible link between changes in X-ray and outflow activity, with both being driven by transitions between weak and strong field states.
description: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Are Legislative Intentions Real?
Creators: name: South, Jim
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In Lacey v Attorney-General (Qld), six members of the High Court asserted that the legislative intention is not an objective collective mental state and that such a state is a fiction. They also asserted that the legislative intention is ascertained by applying the rules of construction. This article considers whether it follows from these assertions that there is no such thing as a true intention behind an Act. The article contends that legislative intentions should be conceptualised as intentions taken to have been acted on, rather than formed, by the legislature. It further contends that when conceptualised that way, it can be seen that the intentions ascertained by applying the rules of construction can be real or fictional. The article concludes that acceptance of that proposition would not affect the way the courts interpret legislation under the existing rules of construction, but that it would limit the extent to which those rules can be modified.
Additional file 4 of The impact of caries status on supragingival plaque and salivary microbiome in children with mixed dentition: a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaoxia
name: He, Lidan
name: Yan, Siqi
name: Chen, Xinyi
name: Que, Guoying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S3. Venn Diagrams representing the number of OTUs among every three subgroups. The numbers in each circle show the number of OTUs found in each subgroup, and the overlap represents the shared OTUs. (A) CD, CS, and CP subgroups. (B) HD, HS, and HP subgroups.
Critical Temperature of the Deconfining Phase Transition in (2+1)d Georgi-Glashow Model
Creators: name: Kovchegov, Yuri V.
name: Son, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the temperature of the phase transition in the (2+1)d Georgi-Glashow model. The critical temperature is shown to depend on the gauge coupling and on the ratio of Higgs and gauge boson masses. In the BPS limit of light Higgs the previous result by Dunne, Kogan, Kovner, and Tekin is reproduced.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX4
An Economic Analysis of High Intensity, Short Duration Grazing Systems in South Dakota and Nebraska
Creators: name: Janssen, Larry
name: McMurtry, Bronc
name: Stockton, Matthew
name: Smart, Alexander
name: Clay, Sharon
name: Janssen, Larry
name: McMurtry, Bronc
name: Stockton, Matthew
name: Smart, Alexander
name: Clay, Sharon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: farm/ranch management
subject: economics of grazing systems
subject: risk and uncertainty
subject: beef cattle

description: Four different grazing systems: two rotational systems, a continuous grazing system, and a modified high intensity, short duration (mob)system were evaluated from an economic return and risk perspective. Stocking rates and average daily gains (ADG) were obtained from 2011 - 2014 from university ranch experiments in northern Nebraska. Simulation models were used to examine net returns and risk in each system and rank systems according to risk preferences. a twice through rotational grazing system was most profitable. Mob grazing was the least preferred, although when risk aversion increased, it rose in preference. Mob grazing could be profitable if adjustments increased animal performance.
description: Selected paper for 2015 AAEA/WAEA meetings
Quantum-classical dynamical distance and quantumness of quantum walks
Creators: name: Gualtieri, Valentina
name: Benedetti, Claudia
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a fidelity-based measure $\text{D}_{\text{CQ}}(t)$ to quantify the differences between the dynamics of classical (CW) and quantum (QW) walks over a graph. We provide universal, graph-independent, analytic expressions of this quantum-classical dynamical distance, showing that at short times $\text{D}_{\text{CQ}}(t)$ is proportional to the coherence of the walker, i.e. a genuine quantum feature, whereas for long times it depends only on the size of the graph. At intermediate times, $\text{D}_{\text{CQ}}(t)$ does depend on the graph topology through its algebraic connectivity. Our results show that the difference in the dynamical behaviour of classical and quantum walks is entirely due to the emergence of quantum features at short times. In the long time limit, quantumness and the different nature of the generators of the dynamics, e.g. the open system nature of CW and the unitary nature of QW, are instead contributing equally.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, largely rewritten
Phimenes Giordani Soika 1992
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Phimenes

description: Genus Phimenes Giordani Soika
Phimenes Giordani Soika 1992: 41, 66, genus, replacement name for Phi de Saussure 1855, non de Saussure 1854.
Type species: Vespa arcuata Fabricius 1775, by subsequent designation of Bequaert 1926b: 487, as type species of Phi de Saussure 1855.
Phi de Saussure 1855: 132, 145, name for division IV of genus Eumenes Latreille in de Saussure 1852 loc. cit. 1: 63 [junior homonym of Phi de Saussure 1854].
Type species: Vespa arcuata Fabricius 1775, by subsequent designation of Bequaert 1926b: 487.
Taxonomy: Giordani Soika 1972: 110 (Phi as genus).— Carpenter 1986: 68 (Phi de Saussure 1855, a junior homonym; syn. of Delta).
Distribution: Indo-Australian.
Ethology: The species build mud nests consisting of jug-like cells on the substrate, and provision them with caterpillars.
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
The Effects of R&D on Agricultural Productivity of Australian Broadacre Agriculture: A Semiparametric Smooth Coefficient Approach
Creators: name: Khan, Farid
name: Salim, Ruhul
name: Khan, Farid
name: Salim, Ruhul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Broadacre Agriculture
subject: Semi-parametric smooth coefficient model
subject: Productivity
subject: Research and Development

description: This article analyses the role of research and development (R&D) in Australia's broadacre farming by using the semi-parametric smooth coefficient model proposed by Hastie and Tibshirani (1993) and Li et al (2002) and a state-level dataset covering the period 1995 to 2007. While the conventional production function approach only captures the direct effects of R&D, this methodology captures both the direct impact of a change in R&D on output and the indirect impact through changes in efficiency of use of factor inputs in the production process. The empirical results show that once both the direct and indirect effects are taken into consideration, R&D investments significantly increase outputs. The results also show that there are substantial variations in the effects of R&D on output across the states. Such variations need to be taken into account when designing policies for investing public R&D in agriculture.
Consistency checks for two-body finite-volume matrix elements: I. Conserved currents and bound states
Creators: name: Briceño, Raúl A.
name: Hansen, Maxwell T.
name: Jackura, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a framework has been developed to study form factors of two-hadron states probed by an external current. The method is based on relating finite-volume matrix elements, computed using numerical lattice QCD, to the corresponding infinite-volume observables. As the formalism is complicated, it is important to provide non-trivial checks on the final results and also to explore limiting cases in which more straightforward predications may be extracted. In this work we provide examples on both fronts. First, we show that, in the case of a conserved vector current, the formalism ensures that the finite-volume matrix element of the conserved charge is volume-independent and equal to the total charge of the two-particle state. Second, we study the implications for a two-particle bound state. We demonstrate that the infinite-volume limit reproduces the expected matrix element and derive the leading finite-volume corrections to this result for a scalar current. Finally, we provide numerical estimates for the expected size of volume effects in future lattice QCD calculations of the deuteron's scalar charge. We find that these effects completely dominate the infinite-volume result for realistic lattice volumes and that applying the present formalism, to analytically remove an infinite-series of leading volume corrections, is crucial to reliably extract the infinite-volume charge of the state.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of The impact of caries status on supragingival plaque and salivary microbiome in children with mixed dentition: a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaoxia
name: He, Lidan
name: Yan, Siqi
name: Chen, Xinyi
name: Que, Guoying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Barcode sequence of 90 samples.
title: Vertical slot vispassage op de Schelde te Merelbeke: hydraulisch ontwerp
Creators: name: Visser, Klaas Pieter
name: Buysse, David
name: Goormans, Toon
name: Vanderkimpen, Paul
name: Viaene, Peter
Publisher: name: Flanders Hydraulics
Year: 2024

description: Title : WL Rapporten. Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium: Antwerpen.
Volume : 18_144_1
Issue :
Pagination : XI, 151 + 15 p. bijl.
Rent Extraction, Population Growth and Economic Development: Development Despite Malthus' Theory and Precursors to the Industrial Revolution
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Svizzero, Serge
name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Svizzero, Serge
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: economic development
subject: economic surplus
subject: Malthus
subject: pre-industrial economics
subject: rent extraction.

description: Several contemporary economists claim that ‘real’ economic development only occurred following the Industrial Revolution. We contend that this is only so if a narrow view is taken of what constitutes economic development, namely increasing per capita income. Given a wider perspective, we argue that economic development occurred in hunter-gatherer societies and eventually accelerated in the second stage of the Agricultural Revolution. During this stage, a small dominant class (the elite) were able to extract rent (the economic surplus) from the mass of the population (the dominated) which they could use for development purposes. As a result of this rent extraction, the bulk of the population remained at subsistence level. Nevertheless, dissipation of the rent as a result of population increase was prevented. Consequently, the Malthusian trap could be avoided and the economic surplus could be used by the elite for development or other purposes. Whether or not economic development occurred depended on how the elite allocated the economic surplus. In the second stage of the Agricultural Revolution, the economic surplus was extracted primarily in the form of staples and the exchange of commodities was mostly directly controlled by the elite. This situation changed as states became larger in size and commodities became more diverse. In the few centuries preceding the Industrial Revolution in Europe, monarchs exerted decreasing direct control over the exchange, production and use of commodities. This was particularly noticeable in England. Also devolution of increased political power to nobles and local areas added to principal-and-agent problems. Sovereigns, instead of concentrating on the extraction of the economic surplus in the form of staples, increasingly relied on its extraction and storage in the form of treasures, precious metals and gems. Monarchs (in order to maximize their net extraction) focused on increasing the number of different markets and the extent of these but at the same time, extracted rent from them in the form of levies. Consequently, this Age of Mercantilism was marked by a substantial expansion in marketing even though this was combined with royal imposts on markets. This increase in marketing activities helped to pave the way for the Industrial Revolution by altering the balance of political power and facilitating sales of the products of the Industrial Revolution. Despite this, it seems likely that the Industrial Revolution only happened as a result of the chance occurrence of a combination of events. It was not inevitable.
Economic Transformation of Agriculture in Asia: Past Performance and Future Prospects
Creators: name: Otsuka, Keijiro
name: Otsuka, Keijiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: As an economy develops, agriculture faces distinctly different problems: food insecurity, sectoral income inequality, and food trade deficits associated with declining comparative advantage. Fear of widespread famine was Asia’s major agricultural problem in the 1960s, which was subsequently solved by the Green Revolution. As nonfarm sectors of the economy grew more rapidly than agriculture, an income gap appeared between farm and the nonfarm sectors; this gap has been reduced primarily by increasing nonfarm income of farm households and migration to urban areas. Advanced countries in Asia (i.e., Japan, Taiwan, and Korea) now face a third problem— trade deficits in agriculture, as reflected by the rapidly declining food self-sufficiency ratio. This foreshadows the problem facing other rapidly growing Asian countries in the future. Massive imports of food grains to Asia, if they occur, will aggravate the world food shortage and would have significant implications on climate change.
Fraud Against the Registrar — An Unnecessary, Unhelpful and Perhaps, No Longer Relevant Complication in the Law of Fraud under the Torrens System
Creators: name: Skead, Natalie
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Under the Torrens system of land registration it is irrefutable that, pursuant to the fraud exception, a fraudulent registered proprietor does not acquire an indefeasible title. There are two clear categories of cases in which the fraud exception may arise: (1) where a prior registered proprietor has been defrauded out of his or her interest; and (2) where an unregistered interest holder has been defrauded out of his or her interest. In both cases the fraud exception will only apply if the fraud can be brought home to the current registered proprietor or his or her agent. In addition to these two undisputed categories, cases and commentary suggest that there is a third category of fraud case: (3) where there has been a fraud committed against the Registrar, most commonly as a result of a false attestation. Again, the fraud exception will only apply in this third category if the fraud can be brought home to the current registered proprietor or his or her agent. This paper seeks to establish that the notion of fraud against the Registrar is an unnecessary, unhelpful and perhaps, no longer relevant complication in the law on fraud under the Torrens system.
Piezoelectricity and Topological Quantum Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Spin-Orbit Coupled Crystals with Time-Reversal Symmetry
Creators: name: Yu, Jiabin
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding new physical responses that signal topological quantum phase transitions is of both theoretical and experimental importance. Here, we demonstrate that the piezoelectric response can change discontinuously across a topological quantum phase transition in two-dimensional time-reversal invariant systems with spin-orbit coupling, thus serving as a direct probe of the transition. We study all gap closing cases for all 7 plane groups that allow non-vanishing piezoelectricity and find that any gap closing with 1 fine-tuning parameter between two gapped states changes either the $Z_2$ invariant or the locally stable valley Chern number. The jump of the piezoelectric response is found to exist for all these transitions, and we propose the HgTe/CdTe quantum well and BaMnSb$_2$ as two potential experimental platforms. Our work provides a general theoretical framework to classify topological quantum phase transitions and reveals their ubiquitous relation to the piezoelectric response.
description: Close to the published version
The Structure of Dark Matter Halos in an Annihilating Dark Matter Model
Creators: name: Craig, Matthew W.
name: Davis, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inability of standard non-interacting cold dark matter (CDM) to account for the small scale structure of individual galaxies has led to the suggestion that the dark matter may undergo elastic and/or inelastic scattering. We simulate the evolution of an isolated dark matter halo which undergoes both scattering and annihilation. Annihilations produce a core that grows with time due to adiabatic expansion of the core as the relativistic annihilation products flow out of the core, lessening the binding energy. An effective annihilation cross section per unit mass equal to $>.03 cm^2 g^{-1} (100 km s^{-1}/v$) with a scattering cross section per unit mass of .6 cm g$^{-1}$ produces a 3 kpc core in a 10$^{10}$ M$_{\sun}$ halo that persists for 100 dynamical times. The same cross section leads to a core of only 120 pc in a rich cluster. In addition to creating to cores, annihilation should erase structure on scales below $\sim 3\times10^8$ M$_{\sun}$. Annihilating dark matter provides a mechanism for solving some of the problems of non-interacting CDM, at the expense of introducing a contrived particle physics model.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, uses elsart.cls. Accepted for publication in New Astronomy. References added, discussion of previous work on annihilating dark matter clarified; conclusions unchanged
NHS esters are non-innocent protein acylating reagents
Creators: name: Liu, Weibing
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester derivatives represent one of the most widely used reagents in biological chemistry and chemical biology. Their perceived utility as acylating agents –intermediates that are sufficiently stable to be isolated (even in commercial form) yet active enough to allow direct and acylation simply upon addition – has seen their widespread application. Their efficacy relies critically on the exclusive chemoselectivity of activated acyl over that of the imidic acyl moieties in the succinimide, such that NHS acts simply as an innocent nucleofuge ‘leaving group’. Here, through systematic structural variation that modulates acyl reactivity, coupled with a statistically controlled ultra-rapid screen for unknown modifications in tandem mass spectra and lysine profiling within the native E. coli proteome, which presents complex lysine environments, we reveal that ring-opening reaction of the succinimide to afford several N-succinamide derivatives is a present, sometimes dominant, side-reaction of certain NHS esters. Moreover, the extent of side-reaction is shown to be lysine nucleophile and therefore site-dependent, with both side-reaction and desired reaction occurring within the same protein substrate. The resulting formation of bioconjugates with unintended, unstable linkages and modifications – that may have previously gone undetected – not only suggests re-evaluation of i) use of potentially several hundred of the many-thousand, known commercial reagents; and ii) the functional conclusions previously drawn using NHS esters where these hinge crucially on the precise identity of conjugates in areas as diverse as antibody-drug biotherapy, vaccination to cross-link-enabled structural analyses.
Additional file 2 of The impact of caries status on supragingival plaque and salivary microbiome in children with mixed dentition: a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaoxia
name: He, Lidan
name: Yan, Siqi
name: Chen, Xinyi
name: Que, Guoying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Length distributions of high-quality sequences. 74.36% of the high-quality sequences were distributed between 1,501 and 1,600 bp; and 24.03% were distributed between 1,401 and 1,500 bp.
The Place of the 'Dishonest and Fraudulent Design' Requirement in Accessorial Liability for Assisting in a Breach of Trust or Fiduciary Duty
Creators: name: Shankar, Tanya
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Currently in Australia, a plaintiff may sue a third party on the basis that such party has knowingly assisted in a trustee or fiduciary’s dishonest and fraudulent design in furtherance of the latter’s breach of trust or fiduciary duty. This is known as the equitable claim of accessorial liability. The ‘dishonest and fraudulent design’ limitation has received considerable criticism. This paper will investigate whether this requirement has any justifi cation in principle and/or legal policy as a component of the test for accessorial liability, by evaluating its strengths and weaknesses. It is suggested that the removal of this limitation is necessary, because it is both incoherent and unfair. Equity should be able to intervene where the third party can be shown to have dishonestly assisted in any breach of trust or fiduciary duty, regardless of whether the defaulting trustee or fiduciary has additionally exhibited any fraudulent behaviour.
Low kinetic inductance superconducting $MgB_{2}$ nanowire photon detectors with a 100 picosecond relaxation time
Creators: name: Cherednichenko, Sergey
name: Acharya, Narendra
name: Novoselov, Evgenii
name: Drakinskiy, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of superconducting nanowires set the performance level for Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPD). Reset time in commonly employed large area SNSPDs,5-10ns,is known to be limited by the nanowires kinetic inductance.On the other hand, reduction of the kinetic inductance in small area (waveguide integrated) SNSPDs prevents biasing them close to the critical current due to latching into a permanent resistive state.In order to reduce the reset time in SNSPDs, superconducting nanowires with both low kinetic inductance and fast electron energy relaxation are required. In this paper, we report on narrow (15-100nm) and long (up to 120 $μ$m) superconducting $MgB_{2}$ nanowires offering such combination of properties.In 5 nm-thick $MgB_{2}$ films, grown using Hybrid Physical Chemical Vapor Deposition, the electron relaxation time was 12ps, the critical temperature was 32K, and the critical current density was 5x$10^{7}$ A/$cm^{2}$ (at 4.8K). Using microwave reflectometry, we measured a kinetic inductance of Lk0(4.8K)=1.3-1.6 pH/sqr regardless of the nanowire width, which results in a magnetic field penetration depth of 90 nm. These values are very close to those in pristine $MgB_{2}$. For 120 $μ$m long nanowires the response time was only 100ps, i.e. 1/80 of that in previously reported NbN nanowire photon detectors of similar dimensions.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
One Loop Partition Function in Plane Waves R-R Background
Creators: name: Hammou, Amine B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the one loop partition function of type IIB string in plane wave R-R 5-form background $F^5$ using both path integral and operator formalisms and show that the two results agree perfectly. The result turns out to be equal to the partition function in the flat background. We also study the Tadpole cancellation for the unoriented closed and open string model in plane wave R-R 5-form background studied in hep-th/0203249 and find that the cancellation of the Tadpole requires the gauge group to be SO(8).
description: 12 pages, no figures, latex, misprint corrected and reference added; to appear in JHEP
Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts in Pulsar Wind Bubbles: \sim 10^{16} eV
Creators: name: Guetta, Dafne
name: Granot, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supranova model for Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) is becoming increasingly more popular. In this scenario the GRB occurs weeks to years after a supernova explosion, and is located inside a pulsar wind bubble (PWB). Protons accelerated in the internal shocks that emit the GRB may interact with the external PWB photons producing pions which decay into \sim 10^{16} eV neutrinos. A km^2 neutrino detector would observe several events per year correlated with the GRBs.
description: Accepted for publication in PRL. 4 pages, 3 figures, minor changes
Effect of surface pinning on magnetic nanostuctures
Creators: name: Sahoo, Aditi
name: Bhattacharya, Dipten
name: Mohanty, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic nanostructures are often considered as highly functional materials because they exhibit unusual magnetic properties under different external conditions. We study the effect of surface pinning on the core-shell magnetic nanostuctures of different shapes and sizes considering the spin-interaction to be Ising-like. We explore the hysteresis properties and find that the exchange bias, even under zero field cooled conditions, increases with increase of, the pinning density and the fraction of up-spins among the pinned ones. We explain these behavior analytically by introducing a simple model of the surface. The asymmetry in hysteresis is found to be more prominent in a inverse core-shell structure, where spin interaction in the core is antiferromagnetic and that in the shell is ferromagnetic. These studied of inverse core-shell structure are extended to different shapes, sizes, and different spin interactions, namely Ising, XY- and Heisenberg models in three dimension. We also briefly discuss the pinning effects on magnetic heterostructures.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
ҚИШЛОҚ ХЎЖАЛИГИ ТЕХНИКА ХИЗМАТИ БОШҚАРУВ ТИЗИМИНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШ ТАМОЙИЛЛАРИ
Creators: name: Сарварбек Авазбекович Мирзаев
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: ташкилий тузилма
потенциал
агротехник
диагностика
чилангар
рельеф
менежер
интеграция
функционал
бошқарув санъати

description: Мақолада қишлоқ хўжалиги техника хизмати бошқарув тизимида қишлоқ хўжалиги техникасини таъмирлаш, хизмат қилиш базасининг объектлари, бошқарув тизимининг асосий тамойиллари, услублари, машина-трактор ва автомобиль паркларидан фойдаланиш даражаси, агротехник хизмат кўрсатиш, техник хизмат бошқарув тизимини шакллантириш йўллари, тавсифи, бошқарув санъати, бошқаришнинг умумий тамойиллари бўйича таклиф ва тавсиялар берилган
Shadows of blow-up algebras
Creators: name: Aluffi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C17 (Primary) 57R20, 32C40, 13A30 (Secondary)

description: We study different notions of blow-up of a scheme X along a subscheme Y, depending on the datum of an embedding of X into an ambient scheme. The two extremes in this theory are the ordinary blow-up, corresponding to the identity, and the `quasi-symmetric blow-up', corresponding to an embedding into a nonsingular variety M. We prove that this latter blow-up is intrinsic of Y and X, and is universal with respect to the requirement of being embedded as a subscheme of the ordinary blow-up of some ambient space along Y. We consider these notions in the context of the theory of characteristic classes of singular varieties. We prove that if X is a hypersurface in a nonsingular variety and Y is its `singularity subscheme', these two extremes embody respectively the conormal and characteristic cycles of X. Consequently, the first carries the essential information computing Chern-Mather classes, and the second is likewise a carrier for Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes. In our approach, these classes are obtained from Segre class-like invariants, in precisely the same way as other intrinsic characteristic classes such as those proposed by William Fulton and by W. Fulton and Kent Johnson. We also identify a condition on the singularities of a hypersurface under which the quasi-symmetric blow-up is simply the linear fiber space associated with a coherent sheaf.
description: 23 pages. Substantial revision of the January 2002 version
Super-massive stars: Dense star-gas systems
Creators: name: Amaro-Seoane, Pau
name: Spurzem, Rainer
name: Just, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a gaseous model and a semi-analytical approach to study the evolution of a super-massive central gaseous object (a super-massive star, (SMS from now on) in an AGN and its evolution by interactions with the surrounding stellar system. Our future work in this field is outlined, which aims at a more detailed study of energy flows in the interstellar medium, stellar evolution and the relation between QSOs and galaxy formation.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Necessary files also uploaded. To appear in "Lighthouses of the Universe", Springer-Verlag series "ESO Astrophysics Symposia"