cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Continuum limit of amorphous elastic bodies (II): Response to a point source
Creators: name: Leonforte, F.
name: Tanguy, A.
name: Wittmer, J. P.
name: Barrat, J. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear response of two-dimensional amorphous elastic bodies to an external delta force is determined in analogy with recent experiments on granular aggregates. For the generated forces, stress and displacement fields, we find strong relative fluctuations of order one close to the source, which, however, average out readily to the classical predictions of isotropic continuum elasticity. The stress fluctuations decay (essentially) exponentially with distance from the source. Only beyond a surprisingly large distance, $b \approx 30$ interatomic distances, self-averaging dominates, and the quenched disorder becomes irrelevant for the response of an individual configuration. We argue that this self-averaging length $b$ sets also the lower wavelength bound for the applicability of classical eigenfrequency calculations.Particular attention is paid to the displacements of the source, allowing a direct measurement of the local rigidity. The algebraic correlations of these displacements demonstrate the existence of domains of slightly different rigidity without, however, revealing a characteristic length scale, at least not for the system sizes we are able to probe.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures
Planar wiggler as a tool for generating hard twisted photons
Creators: name: Bogdanov, O. V.
name: Kazinski, P. O.
name: Lazarenko, G. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple formulas for the probability of radiation of twisted photons by scalar and Dirac particles with quantum recoil taken into account are derived. We show that the quantum recoil does not spoil the selection rule for the forward radiation of twisted photons in the planar undulator: $m+n$ is an even number, where $n$ is the harmonic number and $m$ is the projection of the total angular momentum of the radiated twisted photon. The explicit formulas for the radiation probability of twisted photons produced in the planar wiggler are obtained with account for the quantum recoil. The radiation of twisted photons by GeV electrons in the planar wiggler and in the crystalline undulator is investigated.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Classification of unit-vector fields in convex polyhedra with tangent boundary conditions
Creators: name: Robbins, JM
name: Zyskin, M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 55P15; 58E20; 82D30

description: A unit-vector field n on a convex three-dimensional polyhedron P is tangent if, on the faces of P, n is tangent to the faces. A homotopy classification of tangent unit-vector fields continuous away from the vertices of P is given. The classification is determined by certain invariants, namely edge orientations (values of n on the edges of P), kink numbers (relative winding numbers of n between edges on the faces of P), and wrapping numbers (relative degrees of n on surfaces separating the vertices of P), which are subject to certain sum rules. Another invariant, the trapped area, is expressed in terms of these. One motivation for this study comes from liquid crystal physics; tangent unit-vector fields describe the orientation of liquid crystals in certain polyhedral cells.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Agricultural strategies and employment: An analysis of the impacts of the Plan Maroc Vert (PMV) in Morocco
Creators: name: Fatima Zahra Belarbi*
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Agriculture sector, Employment, PMV.

description: Abstract: This article aims to evaluate the impact of the Plan Maroc Vert (PMV) on agricultural employment in terms of job creation as well as employment quality improvement. It also aims to determine the contribution of this plan to agriculture sector development.

Our findings indicate that the PMV’s impact on employment in the Moroccan agricultural sector was gradual. The policy has a positive impact reflected by some positive job creation in the later years, particularly the 2017-2019 period. However, the sector remained volatile and highly dependent on external factors, since its contribution to total employment was more of downs than ups.

Also, our analysis conclude that the agricultural sector's share of GDP is generally stable, which indicate a limited structural transformation or productivity gains in the agricultural sector that offset the potential decline in labor force.

 

JEL Classification : Q18, J43, O1.
MOESM1 of Acceptability of youth clubs focusing on comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education in rural Zambian schools: a case of Central Province
Creators: name: Chirwa-Kambole, Eunice
name: Joar Svanemyr
name: SandÃ¸Y, Ingvild
name: Hangoma, Peter
name: Zulu, Joseph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. FGD interview guide for youth club participants.
Linkages between the energy, biofuel and agricultural sectors
Creators: name: Patton, Myles
name: Binfield, Julian C.R.
name: Kim, In Seck
name: Zhang, Lichun
name: Davis, John
name: Patton, Myles
name: Binfield, Julian C.R.
name: Kim, In Seck
name: Zhang, Lichun
name: Davis, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Policy modelling
subject: partial equilibrium model
subject: UK
subject: agricultural policy

description: The expansion of the EU biofuel sector in recent years has led to speculation that the linkages between the oil and agricultural markets has strengthened and resulted in increased transmission of price volatility. This study uses the FAPRI European modelling system, which includes a UK model, to explore the energy-biofuel-agricultural market linkages in the EU. The complete modelling system is a dynamic, partial equilibrium, multi-commodity model of the EU agriculture and liquid biofuel for transportation sectors. A stochastic approach is used in which the modelling system is simulated 500 times under different paths of oil prices and world commodity prices. This stochastic approach provides a means to analyse the impact of alternative crude oil prices on the biofuel and agricultural sectors. The model simulations demonstrate the complex interactions between the different sectors.
What multipliers don’t tell you: A spatial analysis of farm household linkages
Creators: name: Pangbourne, Kate
name: Roberts, Deborah
name: Pangbourne, Kate
name: Roberts, Deborah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: local transactions
subject: spatial tracking
subject: farm households
subject: agribusiness

description: Agricultural policy and farm lobby groups often stress the role of farm production in sustaining local economies. This paper considers the spatial pattern of the upstream and downstream agricultural transactions of farms in North East Scotland and, in particular, the extent to which they take place within the locality of the farm holding. Three alternative definitions of “local” are considered: a distance based measure; a measure which takes into account the location of the farm in relation to the nearest town; and finally a measure which takes into account the location of input suppliers/output purchasers. The results are shown to vary qualitatively according to the definition of local adopted, highlighting the importance of allowing for context as well as demand-side factors when explaining purchasing and sales decisions. A highly complex pattern of production-related linkages in the region is revealed. Certain towns are found to dominate agriculture-related transactions in the region reflecting the spatial concentration of upstream and downstream agribusinesses. Probit analysis suggests that farm size, farm type and risk attitudes influence output sales patterns. The policy implications of the findings are considered.
Absorption of scalar waves in correlated disordered media and its maximization using stealth hyperuniformity
Creators: name: Sheremet, Alexandra
name: Pierrat, Romain
name: Carminati, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a multiple scattering theory for the absorption of waves in disordered media. Based on a general expression of the average absorbed power, we discuss the possibility to maximize absorption by using structural correlations of disorder as a degree of freedom. In a model system made of absorbing scatterers in a transparent background, we show that a stealth hyperuniform distribution of the scatterers allows the average absorbed power to reach its maximum value. This study provides a theoretical framework for the design of efficient non-resonant absorbers made of dilute disordered materials, for broadband and omnidirectional light, and other kinds of waves.
Magnetostriction Transition
Creators: name: Shlosman, Senya
name: Zagrebnov, Valentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B26

description: We present a non mean-field model which undergoes a magnetostriction phase transition in the temperature. That is, the crystal becomes sharply contracted and magnetized once the temperature passes below the critical value
MOESM3 of A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating vibration therapy as an intervention for postural training and fall prevention after distal radius fracture in elderly patients
Creators: name: WONG, Ronald
name: Wing-Tung HO
name: TANG, Ning
name: TSO, Chi
name: Ng, Wai
name: CHOW, Simon
name: Wing-Hoi CHEUNG
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Table of responses to reviewersâ€™ comments.
Prosthetops Waterhouse 1879
Creators: name: Perkins, Philip D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydraenidae
Prosthetops

description: Prosthetops Waterhouse, 1879
 Prosthetops Waterhouse, 1879: 533 (type species Prosthetops capensis Waterhouse, a synonym of Ochthebius megacephalus Boheman).
 The genus Prosthetops includes five previously described species and one new species: P. grandiceps Perkins & Balfour­Browne, 1994, P. megacephalus (Boheman, 1851), P. nitens (Péringuey, 1892), P. pronotus Perkins & Balfour­Browne, 1994, P. setosus Perkins & Balfour­Browne, 1994, and P. gladiator new species. These species are quite limited in distribution (Figs. 122, 123), and are relatively rarely collected. To date only 155 specimens are known, collected during 24 collecting localities/events. Specimens of four species have been collected from mountain rock pools (gladiator, megacephalus, nitens, and setosus).
description: Published as part of Perkins, Philip D., 2008, Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 1864 on page 7, DOI: 10.17615/mqt8-8z21, http://zenodo.org/record/5133132
Development and evaluation of a Blockchain concept for the IFD 300 mm Pre-Assembly Line
Creators: name: Schneider, Germar
name: Herrgoß, Laura
name: Lohmer, Jacob
name: Lasch, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This poster and the presentation were presented at the 1st Virtual European apc|m Conference 2021 on 13.04.2021. This research was supported by the EU project iDev40. The project iDev40 has received funding from the ECSEL Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 783163. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. It is co-funded by the consortium members, grants from Austria, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Romania. The content of this presentation does not reflect the official opinion of the Joint Undertaking ECSEL. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the presentation lies entirely with the authors(s).
The Prevalence and Progression of Myopia in Elementary School Students in Shanxi Province, China During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: F., Fei
name: Luo, Hao
name: Zhao, Guo H.
name: Luo, Xiu L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health
Computational Biology

description: To investigate the prevalence of myopia and the risk factors associated with its progression in elementary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanxi Province, China. The investigation included 960 students spanning first to sixth grade from six elementary schools in Shanxi Province, China. All participants received non-cycloplegic refraction and vision tests in December of 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) and in June of 2020 (after classes resumed). Information concerning the students’ eye-use behaviors, physical activities, diet and sleep during the pandemic was collected using a questionnaire survey. A total of 913 students (457 males) completed all tests and the questionnaire. The overall prevalence rate of myopia was 16.6% in December of 2019, and it increased with age. There was no gender difference in the prevalence of myopia (χ2 = 3.210, P = .073), but females exhibited a lower average spherical equivalent (SE) (P = .026). When the classes were resumed 6 months later, the overall prevalence rate of myopia was found to be 39.4%, which was significantly higher than it before the pandemic (χ2 = 117.425, P < .001). The average SE of the participants was −0.95D, which was significantly lower than the average SE (−0.43D) before the pandemic (P < .001). SE variation (ΔSE) in grade 6 was significantly higher than that in grade 1. No significant difference in ΔSE was found between males and females. Analyses of ordinary least squares (OLS)-estimated linear, natural logarithmic and quadratic functions revealed that the progression of myopia during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly correlated with screen time, types of electronic devices, the amount of sleep, age, and the number of parents with myopia. The prevalence rate and progression of myopia among elementary school students in Shanxi Province increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was likely related to China’s home-based online learning programs. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the educational programs for elementary school students when they study at home. We recommend increased time for outdoor activities and limiting screen time.
The regional price of junk foods relative to healthy foods in the UK: indirect estimation of a time series, 1997-2009
Creators: name: Capacci, Sara
name: Mazzocchi, Mario
name: Shankar, Bhavani
name: Capacci, Sara
name: Mazzocchi, Mario
name: Shankar, Bhavani
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Price
subject: Unit value
subject: Junk food
subject: Fruit and vegetable
subject: Demand
subject: Elasticity
subject: Healthy diet

description: The paper aims at indirectly estimating a time series of food prices from household expenditure data, focusing on foods considered as ‘junk’ relative to healthy foods. The “big 6” among the HFSS (high in fats, sugar and salt) foods identified by the Food Standard Agency have been selected to compose a target ‘unhealthy’ basket, compared to a ‘healthy’ benchmark aggregate including fruit and vegetables. UK data from the National Food Surveys, the Household Expenditure Surveys and the Living Costs and Food Survey were harmonized and merged to compose a set of household level unit values from 1997 to 2009 for the healthy and unhealthy aggregates. Well-established techniques are then employed to estimate regional prices by disentangling the quality component from unit values. The analysis provides information on the geographical and time heterogeneity of estimated price of the unhealthy basket relative to fruit and vegetable prices.
A case study of changes in economic performance of an irrigated dairy farm in northern Victoria
Creators: name: Ho, Christie K.M.
name: Malcolm, Bill
name: Armstrong, Dan P.
name: Doyle, Peter T.
name: Ho, Christie K.M.
name: Malcolm, Bill
name: Armstrong, Dan P.
name: Doyle, Peter T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: dairy farming systems
subject: productivity
subject: long-term case study
subject: farm production measures

description: Average total factor productivity measures for the dairy industry provide an insight into how the industry is performing as a whole, but reveal little about what may be happening on individual farms. A case study of an irrigated dairy farm in northern Victoria, over a 37-year period, found that total milk production and some measures of partial productivity increased substantially. The economic performance of this case study farm over the 37-year period is described and analysed. From records of income and expenses, operating profit, returns to capital, labour and management and total productivity measures were calculated. Between 1980 and 2000, the business achieved productivity gains at higher than the rate estimated for the whole industry. This performance was related to the timing and sequence of developments on the farm, with investment in land and infrastructure occurring prior to the 1990s, followed by a period of intensification involving increasing herd size and supplementary feed use.
Formation and evolution of S0 galaxies: a SAURON case study of NGC7332
Creators: name: Falcón-Barroso, J.
name: Peletier, R. F.
name: Emsellem, E.
name: Kuntschner, H.
name: Fathi, K.
name: Bureau, M.
name: Bacon, R.
name: Cappellari, M.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Davies, R. L.
name: de Zeeuw, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SAURON integral-field observations of the S0 galaxy NGC7332. Existing broad-band ground-based and HST photometry reveals a double disk structure and a boxy bulge interpreted as a bar viewed close to edge-on. The SAURON two-dimensional stellar kinematic maps confirm the existence of the bar and inner disk but also uncover the presence of a cold counter-rotating stellar component within the central 250 pc. The Hbeta and [OIII] emission line maps show that the ionised gas has a complex morphology and kinematics, including both a component counter-rotating with respect to the stars and a fainter co-rotating one. Analysis of the absorption line-strength maps show that NGC7332 is young everywhere. The presence of a large-scale bar can explain most of those properties, but the fact that we see a significant amount of unsettled gas, together with a few peculiar features in the maps, suggest that NGC7332 is still evolving. Interactions as well as bar-driven processes must thus have played an important role in the formation and evolution of NGC7332, and presumably of S0 galaxies in general.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Wie innovative Logistik die zukunftssichere und nachhaltige Gestaltung der Automatisierung und Digitalisierung der Halbleiterindustrie unterstützt
Creators: name: Schneider, Germar
name: Lohmer, Jacob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This is the Author-Accepted-Manuscript of a book section in the book Logistik in Wissenschaft und Praxis - Von der Datenanalyse zur Gestaltung komplexer Logistikprozesse, published by Springer (doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33480-2). This research was supported by the EU project iDev40. The iDev40 project has received funding from the ECSEL Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 783163. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. It is co-funded by the consortium members, as well as grants from Austria, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Romania. The content of this article does not reflect the official opinion of the Joint Undertaking ECSEL. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the article lies entirely with the authors.
On the Elliptic Calabi-Yau Fourfold with Maximal $h^{1,1}$
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we explicitly construct the smooth compact base threefold for the elliptic Calabi-Yau fourfold with the largest known $h^{1,1}=303\,148$. It is generated by blowing up a smooth toric "seed" base threefold with $(E_8,E_8,E_8)$ collisions. The 4d F-theory compactification model over it has the largest geometric gauge group, $E_8^{2\,561}\times F_4^{7\,576}\times G_2^{20\,168}\times SU(2)^{30\,200}$, and the largest number of axions, $181\,820$, in the known 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity landscape. We also prove that there are at least $1100^{15\,048}\approx 7.5\times 10^{45\,766}$ different flip and flop phases of this base threefold. Moreover, we find that many other base threefolds with large $h^{1,1}$ in the 4d F-theory landscape can be constructed in a similar way as well.
description: v4, 32 pages
MOESM2 of A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating vibration therapy as an intervention for postural training and fall prevention after distal radius fracture in elderly patients
Creators: name: WONG, Ronald
name: Wing-Tung HO
name: TANG, Ning
name: TSO, Chi
name: Ng, Wai
name: CHOW, Simon
name: Wing-Hoi CHEUNG
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology

description: Additional fileÂ 2. SPIRIT 2013 checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
USIA Poll # 1989-I89030: Pre Nato Summit Telephone Poll
Creators: name: USIA
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Opinion of Mikhail Gorbachev (1); confidence in Soviet Union (1); Soviet unrest (1); demonstrations in Soviet Georgia (1); opinion of George Bush (1); confidence in United States (1); society (2); U.S. military presence (1); NATO (5); arms control/negotiations (3); short-range nuclear weapons (1); Libya (3).
Clusters outskirts at X-ray wavelengths: current status and future prospects
Creators: name: Molendi, Silvano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A solid observational characterization of cluster regions around the virial radius would allow us to improve considerably our understanding of the physics of galaxy clusters as a whole: sadly current and planned experiments will not allow us to study these regions. Unbeknownst to most but not all, the development of an experiment sensitive to cluster outer regions could be achieved with currently available technology, with no need for breakthroughs. Amongst the major factors that will decide whether and when such an experiment will be flown are the awareness of the cluster community of the importance of such a mission and its determination in supporting it.
description: To appear in the proceedings of IAU Colloquium No. 195, "Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters: intense life in the suburbs", ed. A. Diaferio, Torino, Italy, March 12-16, 2004
Trade Elasticities: The Significance of Trade Barriers, Multinationals and Market Structure
Creators: name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
name: Anderson, Glenn Michael
name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
name: Anderson, Glenn Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: elasticity
subject: price transmission
subject: trade barriers
subject: monopolistic competition

description: The elasticity of price transmission measures the extent to which a change in world prices will be transmitted to an importing country, with an elasticity of less than one being attributed to trade barriers. Recent research highlights the role that multinational trading companies may play in impeding price transmission. Further, in markets characterised by monopolistic competition an estimate of the partial elasticity of demand may be of limited practical value if no account is taken of the reaction of competitors. In this paper the potential for market structure to affect price transmission and trade elasticities is demonstrated. The elasticity of price transmission has been central to a revised approach to estimation of trade elasticities and has been used to measure the impact of endogenous trade policy. The presumption that only government intervention can impact upon price transmission is challenged with examples demonstrating why theory would suggest otherwise. While we review some recent evidence of imperfect markets, a full assessment of the empirical significance is left to future research. The paper is part of on-going research into the impact of multinationals on Australia’s trade performance and is intended to motivate further research into the impact of imperfect competition on trade elasticities. The ultimate goal is to provide policymakers with more reliable estimates of trade elasticities.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Study of Electrochemical Growth in a Heteroepitaxial System
Creators: name: Gimenez, M. Cecilia
name: Del Popolo, Mario G.
name: Leiva, Ezequiel P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural and kinetic aspects of 2-D irreversible metal deposition under potentiostatic conditions are analyzed by means of dynamic Monte Carlo simulations employing embedded atom potentials for a model system. Three limiting models, all considering adatom diffusion, were employed to describe adatom deposition.The first model (A) considers adatom deposition on any free substrate site on the surface at the same rate. The second model (B) considers adatom deposition only on substrate sites which exhibit no neighboring sites occupied by adatoms. The third model (C) allows deposition at higher rates on sites presenting neighboring sites occupied by adatoms.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures
A Hybrid Density Functional Theory Benchmark Study on Lithium Manganese Oxides
Creators: name: Eckhoff, Marco
name: Blöchl, Peter E.
name: Behler, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lithium manganese oxide spinel Li$_x$Mn$_2$O$_4$, with $0\leq x\leq 2$, is an important example for cathode materials in lithium ion batteries. However, an accurate description of Li$_x$Mn$_2$O$_4$ by first-principles methods like density functional theory is far from trivial due to its complex electronic structure, with a variety of energetically close electronic and magnetic states. It was found that the local density approximation as well as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) are unable to describe Li$_x$Mn$_2$O$_4$ correctly. Here, we report an extensive benchmark for different Li$_x$Mn$_y$O$_z$ systems using the hybrid functionals PBE0 and HSE06, as well as the recently introduced local hybrid functional PBE0r. We find that all of these functionals yield energetic, structural, electronic, and magnetic properties in good agreement with experimental data. The notable benefit of the PBE0r functional, which relies on on-site Hartree-Fock exchange only, is a much reduced computational effort that is comparable to GGA functionals. Furthermore, the Hartree-Fock mixing factors in PBE0r are smaller than in PBE0, which improves the results for (lithium) manganese oxides. The investigation of Li$_x$Mn$_2$O$_4$ shows that two Mn oxidation states, +III and +IV, coexist. The Mn$^\text{III}$ ions are in the high-spin state and the corresponding MnO$_6$ octahedra are Jahn-Teller distorted. The ratio between Mn$^\text{III}$ and Mn$^\text{IV}$ and thus the electronic structure changes with the Li content while no major structural changes occur in the range from $x=0$ to $1$. This work demonstrates that the PBE0r functional provides an equally accurate and efficient description of the investigated Li$_x$Mn$_y$O$_z$ systems.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
MOESM1 of A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating vibration therapy as an intervention for postural training and fall prevention after distal radius fracture in elderly patients
Creators: name: WONG, Ronald
name: Wing-Tung HO
name: TANG, Ning
name: TSO, Chi
name: Ng, Wai
name: CHOW, Simon
name: Wing-Hoi CHEUNG
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a randomized trial.
Additional file 1 of The respiratory microbiota alpha-diversity in chronic lung diseases: first systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Avalos-Fernandez, Marta
name: Alin, Thibaud
name: Métayer, Clémence
name: Thiébaut, Rodolphe
name: Enaud, Raphaël
name: Delhaes, Laurence
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Additional file table and figures.
A Stochastic Variance Reduced Nesterov's Accelerated Quasi-Newton Method
Creators: name: Yasuda, Sota
name: Mahboubi, Shahrzad
name: Indrapriyadarsini, S.
name: Ninomiya, Hiroshi
name: Asai, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently algorithms incorporating second order curvature information have become popular in training neural networks. The Nesterov's Accelerated Quasi-Newton (NAQ) method has shown to effectively accelerate the BFGS quasi-Newton method by incorporating the momentum term and Nesterov's accelerated gradient vector. A stochastic version of NAQ method was proposed for training of large-scale problems. However, this method incurs high stochastic variance noise. This paper proposes a stochastic variance reduced Nesterov's Accelerated Quasi-Newton method in full (SVR-NAQ) and limited (SVRLNAQ) memory forms. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in Tensorflow on four benchmark problems - two regression and two classification problems respectively. The results show improved performance compared to conventional methods.
description: Accepted in ICMLA 2019
Discretization Dependence of Criticality in Model Fluids: a Hard-core Electrolyte
Creators: name: Kim, Young C.
name: Fisher, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grand canonical simulations at various levels, $ζ=5$-20, of fine- lattice discretization are reported for the near-critical 1:1 hard-core electrolyte or RPM. With the aid of finite-size scaling analyses it is shown convincingly that, contrary to recent suggestions, the universal critical behavior is independent of $ζ$ $(\grtsim 4)$; thus the continuum $(ζ\to\infty)$ RPM exhibits Ising-type (as against classical, SAW, XY, etc.) criticality. A general consideration of lattice discretization provides effective extrapolation of the {\em intrinsically} erratic $ζ$-dependence, yielding $(\Tc^ {\ast},\rhoc^{\ast})\simeq (0.0493_{3},0.075)$ for the $ζ=\infty$ RPM.
description: 4 pages including 4 figures
Food grade nanoemulsions preparation by rotor-stator homogenization
Creators: name: Gazolu-Rusanova, Dilek
name: Lesov, Ivan
name: Tcholakova, Slavka
name: Denkov, Nikolai
name: Ahtchi, Badreddine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-pressure homogenizers, typically used for producing nanoemulsions at the industrial scale, are energy and maintenance intensive, and limited to produce only dilute, low viscosity nanoemulsions. We propose an alternative approach to produce dilute to concentrated food-grade nanoemulsions with droplet size ranging between 100 and 500 nm using rotor-stator homogenization. Gum Arabic (GA) or modified starch (MS) was used as both viscosity modifier and emulsion stabilizer. GA and MS have relatively low surface activity compared to the common low-molecular-mass surfactants used typically for nanoemulsion preparation. The main differences between GA and MS are the lower viscosity of the GA solutions, compared to MS solutions, and the faster adsorption of MS, as compared to GA. The obtained results show that stable nanoemulsions are formed by rotor-stator homogenization when the rapidly adsorbing MS is used as emulsifier. Much larger drops are formed during emulsification with GA, which is due to significant drop-drop coalescence in the respective emulsions. The experimental results for the nanoemulsions prepared with MS are well-described by the theoretical expression for emulsification in turbulent viscous regime, after proper account for the effects of temperature and drop-drop interactions in the sheared emulsions.
MOESM1 of Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as potential antitubercular agents
Creators: name: Alegaon, Shankar
name: Kashniyal, Kamlesh
name: Sanket Kuncolienkar
name: Kavalapure, Rohini
name: Salve, Preeti
name: Palled, Mahesh
name: Suryawanshi, Shailendra
name: Sulin Jalalpure
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material.
A revisit of rotating black hole shadow with astrometric observables
Creators: name: Chang, Zhe
name: Zhu, Qing-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first image of black hole in M87 galaxy taken by Event Horizon Telescope shows that directed observation of supermassive black holes would be a promising way to test general relativity in strong gravity field regime. In order to calculate shadow of rotating black holes with respect to observers located at finite distance, orthonormal tetrads have been introduced in previous works. However, it is noticed that different choice of tetrads does not lead to the same shape of shadow for observers in near regions. In this paper, we alternatively use formula of astrometric observables for calculating the shadow of a general rotating black hole with respect to these observers. For the sake of intuitive, we also consider Kerr-de Sitter black holes as a representative example. In this space-time, size and shape of Kerr-de Sitter black hole shadows are expressed as functions of distance between the black hole and observer. It is forecasted that the distortion of shadow would increase with distance.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures; v2: references added, published in PRD
Nonlinear $q$-voter model from the quenched perspective
Creators: name: Jędrzejewski, Arkadiusz
name: Sznajd-Weron, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare two versions of the nonlinear $q$-voter model: the original one, with annealed randomness, and the modified one, with quenched randomness. In the original model, each voter changes its opinion with a certain probability $ε$ if the group of influence is not unanimous. In contrast, the modified version introduces two types of voters that act in a deterministic way in case of disagreement in the influence group: the fraction $ε$ of voters always change their current opinion, whereas the rest of them always maintain it. Although both concepts of randomness lead to the same average number of opinion changes in the system on the microscopic level, they cause qualitatively distinct results on the macroscopic level. We focus on the mean-field description of these models. Our approach relies on the stability analysis by the linearization technique developed within dynamical system theory. This approach allows us to derive complete, exact phase diagrams for both models. The results obtained in this paper indicate that quenched randomness promotes continuous phase transitions to a greater extent, whereas annealed randomness favors discontinuous ones. The quenched model also creates combinations of continuous and discontinuous phase transitions unobserved in the annealed model, in which the up-down symmetry may be spontaneously broken inside or outside the hysteresis loop. The analytical results are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations carried out on a complete graph.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, fixed issues with color in figures. The following article has been submitted to Chaos
Quantum magneto-oscillations in a two-dimensional Fermi liquid
Creators: name: Martin, G. W.
name: Maslov, D. L.
name: Reizer, M. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum magneto-oscillations provide a powerfull tool for quantifying Fermi-liquid parameters of metals. In particular, the quasiparticle effective mass and spin susceptibility are extracted from the experiment using the Lifshitz-Kosevich formula, derived under the assumption that the properties of the system in a non-zero magnetic field are determined uniquely by the zero-field Fermi-liquid state. This assumption is valid in 3D but, generally speaking, erroneous in 2D where the Lifshitz-Kosevich formula may be applied only if the oscillations are strongly damped by thermal smearing and disorder. In this work, the effects of interactions and disorder on the amplitude of magneto-oscillations in 2D are studied. It is found that the effective mass diverges logarithmically with decreasing temperature signaling a deviation from the Fermi-liquid behavior. It is also shown that the quasiparticle lifetime due to inelastic interactions does not enter the oscillation amplitude, although these interactions do renormalize the effective mass. This result provides a generalization of the Fowler-Prange theorem formulated originally for the electron-phonon interaction.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Minimum principles and a priori estimates for some translating soliton type problems
Creators: name: Enache, Cristian
name: López, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B38, 35J93, 53A10, 35J60

description: In this paper we are dealing with two classes of mean curvature type problems that generalize the translating soliton problem. A first result proves that the solutions to these problems have unique interior critical points. Using this uniqueness result, we next derive a priori $C^0$ and $C^1$ estimates for the solutions to these problems, by means of some minimum principles for appropriate $P$-functions, in the sense of L.E. Payne.
"Noisy" spectra, long correlations and intermittency in wave turbulence
Creators: name: Lvov, Yuri V.
name: Nazarenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the k-space fluctuations of the waveaction about its mean spectrum in the turbulence of dispersive waves. We use a minimal model based on the Random Phase Approximation (RPA) and derive evolution equations for the arbitrary-order one-point moments of the wave intensity in the wavenumber space. The first equation in this series is the familiar Kinetic Equation for the mean waveaction spectrum, whereas the second and higher equations describe the fluctuations about this mean spectrum. The fluctuations exhibit a nontrivial dynamics if some long coordinate-space correlations are present in the system, as it is the case in typical numerical and laboratory experiments. Without such long-range correlations, the fluctuations are trivially fixed at their Gaussian values and cannot evolve even if the wavefield itself is non-Gaussian in the coordinate space. Unlike the previous approaches based on smooth initial k-space cumulants, the RPA model works even for extreme cases where the k-space fluctuations are absent or very large and intermittent. We show that any initial non-Gaussianity at small amplitudes propagates without change toward the high amplitudes at each fixed wavenumber. At each fixed amplitude, however, the PDF becomes Gaussian at large time.
Energy spectrum of turbulent fluctuations in boundary driven reduced magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Dmitruk, Pablo
name: Gomez, Daniel O.
name: Matthaeus, William H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear dynamics of a bundle of magnetic flux ropes driven by stationary fluid motions at their endpoints is studied, by performing numerical simulations of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The development of MHD turbulence is shown, where the system reaches a state that is characterized by the ratio between the Alfven time (the time for incompressible MHD waves to travel along the field lines) and the convective time scale of the driving motions. This ratio of time scales determines the energy spectra and the relaxation toward different regimes ranging from weak to strong turbulence. A connection is made with phenomenological theories for the energy spectra in MHD turbulence.
description: Published in Physics of Plasmas
First results from a large-scale proper motion study of the Galactic Centre
Creators: name: Shahzamanian, B.
name: Schödel, R.
name: Nogueras-Lara, F.
name: Dong, H.
name: Gallego-Cano, E.
name: Gallego-Calvente, A. T.
name: Gardini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proper motion studies of stars in the centre of the Milky Way have been typically limited to the Arches and Quintuplet clusters and to the central parsec. Here, we present the first results of a large-scale proper motion study of stars within several tens of parsecs of Sagittarius A* based on our $0.2''$ angular resolution GALACTICNUCLEUS survey (epoch 2015) combined with NICMOS/HST data from the Paschen-$α$ survey (epoch 2008). This study will be the first extensive proper motion study of the central $\sim 36' \times 16'$ of the Galaxy, which is not covered adequately by any of the existing astronomical surveys such as Gaia because of its extreme interstellar extinction ($A_{V} \gtrsim 30$ mag). Proper motions can help us to disentangle the different stellar populations along the line-of-sight and interpret their properties in combination with multi-wavelength photometry from GALACTICNUCLEUS and other sources. It also allows us to infer the dynamics and interrelationship between the different stellar components of the Galactic Centre (GC). In particular, we use proper motions to detect co-moving groups of stars which can trace low mass or partially dissolved young clusters in the GC that can hardly be discovered by any other means. Our pilot study in this work is on a field in the nuclear bulge associated by HII regions that show the presence of young stars. We detect the first group of co-moving stars coincident with an HII region. Using colour-magnitude diagrams, we infer that the co-moving stars are consistent with being the post-main sequence stars with ages of few Myrs. Simulations show that this group of stars is a real group that can indicate the existence of a dissolving or low to intermediate mass young cluster. A census of these undiscovered clusters will ultimately help us to constrain star formation at the GC in the past few ten Myrs.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 13 pages, 17 figures
Concerning the geometry of stochastic differential equations and stochastic flows
Creators: name: Elworthy, K. D.
name: LeJan, Y.
name: Li, Xue-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Following Le Jan and Watanabe we define a connection associated with a non-degenrrate diffusion operators. This connection is characterized here and shown to be the Levi-Civita connection for gradient systems. This both explains why such systems have useful properties and allows us to extend these properties to more general systems. Topics described here include: moment estimates for $Tξ_t$, a Weitzenböck formula for the generator of the semigroup on p-forms induced by the flow, a Bismut type formula for $d\log p_t$ in terms of an arbitrary metric connection, and a generalized Bochner vanishing theorem. A comprehensive theory on this, its generalization to semi-elliptic case and applications is published in the book `On the geometry of diffusion operators and stochastic flows'. Related to this is also the book `The geometry of filtering'. This article is easier to read.
Land Constraints in Kenya’s Densely Populated Rural Areas: Implications for Food Policy and Institutional Reform
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Muyanga, Milu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land
subject: population density
subject: smallholder agriculture
subject: food security
subject: policy
subject: Kenya

description: This study analyzes the impact of increasing population density in Kenya’s rural areas on smallholder behavior and welfare indicators. We first present evidence to explain how land constraints can be emerging within an overall context of apparent land under-utilization. Using data from five panel surveys on 1,146 small-scale farms over the 1997-2010 period, we use econometric techniques to determine how increasing rural population density is affecting farm household behavior and livelihoods. We find that farm productivity and incomes tend to rise with population density up to 600-650 persons per km2; beyond this threshold, rising population density is associated with sharp declines in farm productivity, total household income, and asset wealth. Currently 14% of Kenya’s rural population resides in areas exceeding this population density. The study concludes by exploring the nature of institutional and policy reforms needed to address these development problems.