cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients Admitted with Acute Pulmonary Exacerbation
Creators: name: Kuti, Joseph L.
name: Nicolau, David P.
name: Muhlebach, Marianne
name: Cies, Jeffrey J.
name: Pettit, Rebecca S.
name: Monogue, Marguerite L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: ABSTRACT Ceftolozane-tazobactam has potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) acute pulmonary exacerbations (APE). Due to the rapid elimination of many antibiotics, CF patients frequently have altered pharmacokinetics. In this multicenter, open-label study, we described the population pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftolozane-tazobactam at 3 g every 8 h (q8h) in 20 adult CF patients admitted with APE. Population pharmacokinetics were determined using the nonparametric adaptive grid program in Pmetrics for R. A 5,000-patient Monte Carlo simulation was performed to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) for the ceftolozane component at 1.5 g and 3 g of ceftolozane-tazobactam q8h across a range of MICs using a primary threshold exposure of 60% free time above the MIC ( fT >MIC). In these 20 adult CF patients, ceftolozane and tazobactam concentration data were best described by 2-compartment models, and ceftolozane clearance (CL) was significantly correlated with creatinine clearance ( r = 0.71, P < 0.001). These data suggest that ceftolozane and tazobactam clearance estimates in CF patients are similar to those in adults without CF (ceftolozane CF CL, 4.76 ± 1.13 liter/h; tazobactam CF CL, 20.51 ± 4.41 liter/h). However, estimates of the volume of the central compartment ( V c ) were lower than those for adults without CF (ceftolozane CF V c , 7.51 ± 2.05 liters; tazobactam CF V c , 7.85 ± 2.66 liters). Using a threshold of 60% fT >MIC, ceftolozane-tazobactam regimens of 1.5 g and 3 g q8h should achieve PTAs of ≥90% at MICs up to 4 and 8 μg/ml, respectively. Ceftolozane-tazobactam at 3 g q8h was well tolerated. These observations support additional studies of ceftolozane-tazobactam for Pseudomonas aeruginosa APE in CF patients. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02421120.)
Pilot Study
Creators: name: DeVito, Nicholas
name: Richards, Georgia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health Law and Policy
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Library and Information Science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Bioethics and Medical Ethics
subject: Scholarly Publishing
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Pilot of methods and data extraction to inform larger analysis
Long-lived universal resonant Bose gases
Creators: name: Jiang, Shao-Jian
name: Maki, Jeff
name: Zhou, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum simulations based on near-resonance Bose gases are limited by their short lifetimes due to severe atom losses. In addition to this, the recently predicted thermodynamical instability adds another constraint on accessing the resonant Bose gases. In this article, we offer a potential solution by proposing long-lived resonant Bose gases in both two and three dimensions, where the conventional few-body losses are strongly suppressed. We show that the thermodynamical properties as well as the lifetimes of these strongly interacting systems are universal, and independent of short-range physics.
description: 6 pages, appendix added
title: The quantification of Glutathione (GSH) using 1H-MRS, is possible.
Creators: name: Alfayate Sáez, Eva
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Psycho-oncology
subject: Dementia
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR physics
subject: Head and neck

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in human tissue, and a key index of antioxidant capacity and, hence, of oxidative stress [1]. GSH is an important biomarker for oxidative status in the human brain and is involved in many...
title: CT findings of incarcerated double loop hernia.
Creators: name: Miyaji, Juri
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Hernia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1) To understand the condition of double loop hernia from a series of 10 cases. 2) Usefulness of evaluation of mesentery in double loop...
Workplace based weight interventions in men: A scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Bezzina, Aaron
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Males
subject: Obesity
subject: Workplace

description: Obesity continues to be a global issue with estimates projections showing a continuing rise. The workplace has been identified as an ideal setting to deliver workplace wellness programs targeting all different health issues including overweight and obesity. This is due to the reach workplaces have in engaging a large source of participants as well as the amount of time employees spend at work. Men are particularly hard to engage in health research compared to women. This scoping review looks to summaries the available evidence concerning workplace weight programs looking specially at males.
Improved SOT (Hinode mission) high resolution solar imaging observations
Creators: name: Goodarzi, Hadis
name: Koutchmy, Serge
name: Adjabshirizadeh, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the best today available observations of the Sun free of turbulent Earth atmospheric effects, taken with the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) onboard the Hinode spacecraft. Both the instrumental smearing and the observed stray light are analyzed in order to improve the resolution. The Point Spread Function (PSF) corresponding to the blue continuum Broadband Filter Imager (BFI) near 450 nm is deduced by analyzing i/ the limb of the Sun and ii/ images taken during the transit of the planet Venus in 2012. A combination of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions is selected to construct a PSF in order to remove both smearing due to the instrumental diffraction effects (PSF core) and the large-angle stray light due to the spiders and central obscuration (wings of the PSF) that are responsible for the parasitic stray light. A Max-likelihood deconvolution procedure based on an optimum number of iterations is discussed. It is applied to several solar field images, including the granulation near the limb. The normal non-magnetic granulation is compared to the abnormal granulation which we call magnetic. A new feature appearing for the first time at the extreme- limb of the disk (the last 100 km) is discussed in the context of the definition of the solar edge and of the solar diameter. A single sunspot is considered in order to illustrate how effectively the restoration works on the sunspot core. A set of 125 consecutive deconvolved images is assembled in a 45 min long movie illustrating the complexity of the dynamical behavior inside and around the sunspot.
description: 15 pages, 22 figures, 1 movie
Interactive Learning from Policy-Dependent Human Feedback
Creators: name: MacGlashan, James
name: Ho, Mark K
name: Loftin, Robert
name: Peng, Bei
name: Wang, Guan
name: Roberts, David
name: Taylor, Matthew E.
name: Littman, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: This paper investigates the problem of interactively learning behaviors communicated by a human teacher using positive and negative feedback. Much previous work on this problem has made the assumption that people provide feedback for decisions that is dependent on the behavior they are teaching and is independent from the learner's current policy. We present empirical results that show this assumption to be false -- whether human trainers give a positive or negative feedback for a decision is influenced by the learner's current policy. Based on this insight, we introduce {\em Convergent Actor-Critic by Humans} (COACH), an algorithm for learning from policy-dependent feedback that converges to a local optimum. Finally, we demonstrate that COACH can successfully learn multiple behaviors on a physical robot.
description: 8 pages + references, 5 figures
Determination of the Galactic Rotation Curve from OB Stars
Creators: name: Bobylev, V. V.
name: Bajkova, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider three samples of O- and B-type stars from the solar neighborhood 0.6--4 kpc for which we have taken the distances, line-of-sight velocities, and proper motions from published sources. The first sample contains 120 massive spectroscopic binaries. O stars with spectroscopic distances from Patriarchi et al. constitute the second sample. The third sample consists of 168 OB3 stars whose distances have been determined from interstellar calcium lines. The angular velocity of Galactic rotation at the solar distance $Ω_0,$ its two derivatives $Ω'_0$ and $Ω"_0,$ and the peculiar velocity components of the Sun $(U,V,W)_\odot$ are shown to be well determined from all three samples of stars. They are determined with the smallest errors from the sample of spectroscopic binary stars and the sample of stars with the calcium distance scale. The fine structure of the velocity field associated with the influence of the Galactic spiral density wave clearly manifests itself in the radial velocities of spectroscopic binary stars and in the sample of stars with the calcium distance scale.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Short Palate, Lung, and Nasal Epithelial Clone 1 Has Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities against the Burkholderia cepacia Complex
Creators: name: Tarran, Robert
name: Tyrrell, Jean
name: Redinbo, Matthew R.
name: Ahmad, Saira
name: Tripathy, Ashutosh
name: Walton, William G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: ABSTRACT The opportunistic bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are extremely pathogenic to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and acquisition of Bcc bacteria is associated with a significant increase in mortality. Treatment of Bcc infections is difficult because the bacteria are multidrug resistant and able to survive in biofilms. Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is an innate defense protein that is secreted by the upper airways and pharynx. While SPLUNC1 is known to have antimicrobial functions, its effects on Bcc strains are unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that SPLUNC1 is able to impair Bcc growth and biofilm formation. We found that SPLUNC1 exerted bacteriostatic effects against several Bcc clinical isolates, including B. cenocepacia strain J2315 (50% inhibitory concentration [IC 50 ] = 0.28 μM), and reduced biofilm formation and attachment (IC 50 = 0.11 μM). We then determined which domains of SPLUNC1 are responsible for its antimicrobial activity. Deletions of SPLUNC1's N terminus and α6 helix did not affect its function. However, deletion of the α4 helix attenuated antimicrobial activity, while the corresponding α4 peptide displayed antimicrobial activity. Chronic neutrophilia is a hallmark of CF lung disease, and neutrophil elastase (NE) cleaves SPLUNC1. However, we found that the ability of SPLUNC1 to disrupt biofilm formation was significantly potentiated by NE pretreatment. While the impact of CF on SPLUNC1-Bcc interactions is not currently known, our data suggest that understanding this interaction may have important implications for CF lung disease.
Object representations and physical reasoning in the infant brain.
Creators: name: Kosakowski, Heather
name: Kanwisher, Nancy
name: Saxe, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: brain
subject: infant
subject: objects
subject: physics

description: • Behavioral evidence indicates infants understand that understand basic properties of physical objects from birth but gradually learn about physical properties such as support through development (Baillargeon 1998). • fMRI research has shown that infants have object responses across cortex (Deen et al. 2017; Livingstone et al. 2017) but the degree to which different regions of the infant brain respond to similar or different properties has never been probed. • In adults, the lateral-occipital complex (LOC) responds to shape, the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) responds to higher-level categorical object features, and parietal cortex responds object interactions (Yildirim et al. 2019). • A lateral-occipital, ventral-temporal, and two parietal regions have been implicated in intuitive physical reasoning in adults (Fischer et al. 2016). • Infant lateral-occipital cortex responds to shape but not texture or color (Emberson et al. 2017). Research Question: Do regions that support object representations and physical reasoning in adults have similar functional profiles in infancy? Hypotheses: • Parietal cortex in infants is engaged in physical inference such as object motion, interaction, solidity, and support. • Object cortex in infant VTC represents object-specific properties invariant to orientation. • LOC in infants represent general shape features independent of object identity (i.e., a response that is not invariant to orientation). Predictions: • In infant LOC, object responses will be similar to face and body responses and different than scene responses. • In infant VTC, object responses will be similar to scene responses and different than face and body responses. • In the parietal regions, one prediction is that the response will be adult-like (objects>bodies>scenes>faces). An alternative possibility that is supported by behavioral studies(Saxe, Tzelnic, and Carey 2006) is that for infants, object responses will be similar to body responses and different than face and scene responses (objects~bodies>scenes~faces). Finally, it is possible that one parietal region (lateral or middle) will have the adult like pattern and one will not. Alternatively, it is possible that the infant brain will not distinguish the relatively fine-grained differences between these stimuli that we hypothesize and/or that these stimuli do not adequately represent the type of physical reasoning infants are capable of.
Solithromycin Pharmacokinetics in Plasma and Dried Blood Spots and Safety in Adolescents
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Daniel
name: Keedy, Jr. Kara
name: Bhattacharya-Mithal, Leena
name: Bradley, John
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
name: Jasion, Theresa
name: James, Laura P.
name: Benjamin, Daniel K.
name: Hornik, Christoph P.
name: Smith, P. Brian
name: Neu, Natalie
name: Fernandes, Prabhavathi
name: Al-Uzri, Amira
name: Palazzi, Debra L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: ABSTRACT We assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of solithromycin, a fluoroketolide antibiotic, in a phase 1, open-label, multicenter study of 13 adolescents with suspected or confirmed bacterial infections. On days 3 to 5, the mean (standard deviation) maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to 24 h were 0.74 μg/ml (0.61 μg/ml) and 9.28 μg · h/ml (6.30 μg · h/ml), respectively. The exposure and safety in this small cohort of adolescents were comparable to those for adults. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01966055.)
On the magnitude function of domains in Euclidean space
Creators: name: Gimperlein, Heiko
name: Goffeng, Magnus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study Leinster's notion of magnitude for a compact metric space. For a smooth, compact domain $X\subset \mathbb{R}^{2m-1}$, we find geometric significance in the function $\mathcal{M}_X(R) = \mathrm{mag}(R\cdot X)$. The function $\mathcal{M}_X$ extends from the positive half-line to a meromorphic function in the complex plane. Its poles are generalized scattering resonances. In the semiclassical limit $R \to \infty$, $\mathcal{M}_X$ admits an asymptotic expansion. The three leading terms of $\mathcal{M}_X$ at $R=+\infty$ are proportional to the volume, surface area and integral of the mean curvature. In particular, for convex $X$ the leading terms are proportional to the intrinsic volumes, and we obtain an asymptotic variant of the convex magnitude conjecture by Leinster and Willerton, with corrected coefficients.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, to appear in American Journal of Mathematics
title: Ascites - what is important to describe
Creators: name: Nagaya, Erina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Anatomy
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Discuss the importance of peritoneal anatomy and flow pathways in assessing the spread of disease through the peritoneal spaces; Identify potential causes for ascites; Describe the most important findings of ascites in ultrasonography (US) and...
title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the evaluation of headaches: a multicenter, retrospective, double reading study.
Creators: name: Martínez Barbero, José Pablo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Audit and standards
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Epidemiology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: - To describe the epidemiologyina cohort of patients who underwent an MRI because of headache. - To determine accuracy and diagnostic value of brain-MRI to detect causes of headache, compare between different centers included in the study, and other...
Dynamical friction and scratches of orbiting satellite galaxies on host systems
Creators: name: Ogiya, Go
name: Burkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical response of extended systems, hosts, to smaller systems, satellites, orbiting around the hosts using extremely high-resolution N-body simulations with up to one billion particles. This situation corresponds to minor mergers which are ubiquitous in the scenario of hierarchical structure formation in the universe. According to Chandrasekhar (1943), satellites create density wakes along the orbit and the wakes cause a deceleration force on satellites, i.e. dynamical friction. This study proposes an analytical model to predict the dynamical response of hosts as reflected in their density distribution and finds not only traditional wakes but also mirror images of over- and underdensities centered on the host. Our controlled N-body simulations with high resolutions verify the predictions of the analytical model. We apply our analytical model to the expected dynamical response of nearby interacting galaxy pairs, the Milky Way - Large Magellanic Cloud system and the M31 - M33 system.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Comparison between diffusion-weighted MRI and fibroscan for assessment of liver fibrosis
Creators: name: Daguer Tamayo, Eduardo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Elastography
subject: MR physics
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Several chronic hepatic diseases may develop cirrhosis in the liver parenchyma. Hepatic steatosis, iron overload, autoimmune hepatitis, chronic viral hepatitis, sclerosing biliary cholangitis, alcohol, and drugs represent the most frequent causes of...
Accelerating Kernel Classifiers Through Borders Mapping
Creators: name: Mills, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Support vector machines (SVM) and other kernel techniques represent a family of powerful statistical classification methods with high accuracy and broad applicability. Because they use all or a significant portion of the training data, however, they can be slow, especially for large problems. Piecewise linear classifiers are similarly versatile, yet have the additional advantages of simplicity, ease of interpretation and, if the number of component linear classifiers is not too large, speed. Here we show how a simple, piecewise linear classifier can be trained from a kernel-based classifier in order to improve the classification speed. The method works by finding the root of the difference in conditional probabilities between pairs of opposite classes to build up a representation of the decision boundary. When tested on 17 different datasets, it succeeded in improving the classification speed of a SVM for 12 of them by up to two orders-of-magnitude. Of these, two were less accurate than a simple, linear classifier. The method is best suited to problems with continuum features data and smooth probability functions. Because the component linear classifiers are built up individually from an existing classifier, rather than through a simultaneous optimization procedure, the classifier is also fast to train.
description: 37 pages; 8 figures; 7 tables. Correct way to display a correction
MPEC 2023-F190 : 2013 HV14
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Jordan-Hölder theorems for derived categories of derived discrete algebras
Creators: name: Qin, Yongyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For any positive integer $n$, $n$-derived-simple derived discrete algebras are classified up to derived equivalence. Furthermore, the Jordan-Hölder theorems for all kinds of derived categories of derived discrete algebras are obtained.
Aerosolized Polymyxin B for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections: Determination of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Indices for Aerosolized Polymyxin B against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Mouse Lung Infection Model
Creators: name: Wang, Jiping
name: Li, Jian
name: Chan, Hak-Kim
name: Forrest, Alan
name: Lin, Yu-Wei
name: Chen, Ke
name: Onufrak, Nikolas J.
name: Wirth, Veronika
name: Zhou, Qi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: ABSTRACT Pulmonary administration of polymyxins is increasingly used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as those in patients with cystic fibrosis. However, there is a lack of pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and toxicity data of aerosolized polymyxin B to inform rational dosage selection. The PK and PD of polymyxin B following pulmonary and intravenous dosing were examined in neutropenic infected mice, and the data were analyzed by a population PK model. Dose fractionation study was performed for total daily doses between 2.06 and 24.8 mg base/kg of weight against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, PAO1, and FADDI-PA022 (MIC of 1 mg/liter for all three strains). Histopathological examination of the lung was undertaken at 24 h posttreatment in both healthy and neutropenic infected mice. A two-compartment PK model was required for both epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and plasma drug exposure. The model consisted of central and peripheral compartments and was described by bidirectional first-order distribution clearance. The ratio of the area under the curve to the MIC (AUC/MIC) was the most predictive PK/PD index to describe the antimicrobial efficacy of aerosolized polymyxin B in treating lung infections in mice ( R 2 of 0.70 to 0.88 for ELF and 0.70 to 0.87 for plasma). The AUC/MIC targets associated with bacteriostasis against the three P. aeruginosa strains were 1,326 to 1,506 in ELF and 3.14 to 4.03 in plasma. Histopathological results showed that polymyxin B aerosols significantly reduced lung inflammation and preserved lung epithelial integrity. This study highlights the advantageous PK/PD characteristics of pulmonary delivery of polymyxin B over intravenous administration in achieving high drug exposure in ELF.
An acoustic metamaterial lens for acoustic point-to-point communication in air
Creators: name: Sun, Fei
name: Guo, Shuwei
name: Li, Borui
name: Liu, Yichao
name: He, Sailing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acoustic metamaterials have become a novel and effective way to control sound waves and design acoustic devices. In this study, we design a 3D acoustic metamaterial lens (AML) to achieve point-to-point acoustic communication in air: any acoustic source (i.e. a speaker) in air enclosed by such an AML can produce an acoustic image where the acoustic wave is focused (i.e. the field intensity is at a maximum, and the listener can receive the information), while the acoustic field at other spatial positions is low enough that listeners can hear almost nothing. Unlike a conventional elliptical reflective mirror, the acoustic source can be moved around inside our proposed AML. Numerical simulations are given to verify the performance of the proposed AML.
A cryogenic rotation stage with a large clear aperture for the half-wave plates in the Spider instrument
Creators: name: Bryan, Sean
name: Ade, Peter
name: Amiri, Mandana
name: Benton, Steven
name: Bihary, Richard
name: Bock, James
name: Bond, J. Richard
name: Chiang, H. Cynthia
name: Contaldi, Carlo
name: Crill, Brendan
name: Dore, Olivier
name: Elder, Benjamin
name: Filippini, Jeffrey
name: Fraisse, Aurelien
name: Gambrel, Anne
name: Gandilo, Natalie
name: Gudmundsson, Jon
name: Hasselfield, Matthew
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hilton, Gene
name: Holmes, Warren
name: Hristov, Viktor
name: Irwin, Kent
name: Jones, William
name: Kermish, Zigmund
name: Lawrie, Craig
name: MacTavish, Carrie
name: Mason, Peter
name: Megerian, Krikor
name: Moncelsi, Lorenzo
name: Montroy, Thomas
name: Morford, Tracy
name: Nagy, Johanna
name: Netterfield, C. Barth
name: Padilla, Ivan
name: Rahlin, Alexandra S.
name: Reintsema, Carl
name: Riley, Daniel C.
name: Ruhl, John
name: Runyan, Marcus
name: Saliwanchik, Benjamin
name: Shariff, Jamil
name: Soler, Juan
name: Trangsrud, Amy
name: Tucker, Carole
name: Tucker, Rebecca
name: Turner, Anthony
name: Wen, Shyang
name: Wiebe, Donald
name: Young, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the cryogenic half-wave plate rotation mechanisms built for and used in Spider, a polarization-sensitive balloon-borne telescope array that observed the Cosmic Microwave Background at 95 GHz and 150 GHz during a stratospheric balloon flight from Antarctica in January 2015. The mechanisms operate at liquid helium temperature in flight. A three-point contact design keeps the mechanical bearings relatively small but allows for a large (305 mm) diameter clear aperture. A worm gear driven by a cryogenic stepper motor allows for precise positioning and prevents undesired rotation when the motors are depowered. A custom-built optical encoder system monitors the bearing angle to an absolute accuracy of +/- 0.1 degrees. The system performed well in Spider during its successful 16 day flight.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, Published in Review of Scientific Instruments. v2 includes reviewer changes and longer literature review
Recognize the bias? Media partisanship affects the coverage of facial recognition technology in the United States
Creators: name: Shaikh, Sonia Jawaid
name: Moran, Rachel
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: In this project we investigate how media's partisan orientation affect their coverage of facial recognition technology. We cover the US media for this study. Data. The data will come from the following sources: The American Conservative The American Spectator Breitbart News Network Business Insider CNN The Economist The Federalist Fox News Forbes The Guardian US The Intercept Medium Newsweek The New York Times OAN Real Clear Politics Reason Time USA Today Vox The Wall Street Journal The Washington Post The Washington Times Timeline. All articles must have been published between January 2020 and July 2020. Inclusion Criteria: a. Each article must be about facial recognition or about AI using facial recognition techniques. This includes those covering issues related to facial recognition and its deployment. b. Each article must discuss facial recognition as their primary subject or facial recognition must be connected to or discussed in conjunction with the primary subject of the article. c. The media outlet must have a US presence. It should have an accessible website for the audiences in the United States. Method: We will use qualitative content analysis to analyze our data. Some of the data will be processed using quantitative techniques which include percentages and graphs for presentation. Details on the coding scheme are detailed in the project description.
Evaluation of a Multidrug Assay for Monitoring Adherence to a Regimen for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Clinical Study, HIV Prevention Trials Network 073
Creators: name: Piwowar-Manning, Estelle
name: Rose, Scott
name: Fields, Sheldon D.
name: Emel, Lynda
name: Siegel, Marc
name: Beauchamp, Geetha
name: Cloherty, Gavin A.
name: Zhang, Yinfeng
name: Eshleman, Susan H.
name: Wheeler, Darrell
name: Hendrix, Craig W.
name: Marzinke, Mark A.
name: Breaud, Autumn
name: Hightow-Weidman, Lisa
name: Clarke, William
name: Shoptaw, Steven
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: ABSTRACT Daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-emtricitabine (FTC) is a safe and effective intervention for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We evaluated the performance of a qualitative assay that detects 20 antiretroviral (ARV) drugs (multidrug assay) in assessing recent PrEP exposure (detection limit, 2 to 20 ng/ml). Samples were obtained from 216 Black men who have sex with men (208 HIV-uninfected men and 8 seroconverters) who were enrolled in a study in the United States evaluating the acceptability of TDF-FTC PrEP (165 of the uninfected men and 5 of the seroconverters accepted PrEP). Samples from 163 of the 165 HIV-uninfected men who accepted PrEP and samples from all 8 seroconverters were also tested for tenofovir (TFV) and FTC using a quantitative assay (detection limit for both drugs, 0.31 ng/ml). HIV drug resistance was assessed in seroconverter samples. The multidrug assay detected TFV and/or FTC in 3 (1.4%) of the 208 uninfected men at enrollment, 84 (40.4%) of the 208 uninfected men at the last study visit, and 1 (12.5%) of the 8 seroconverters. No other ARV drugs were detected. The quantitative assay confirmed all positive results from the multidrug assay and detected TFV and/or FTC in 9 additional samples (TFV range, 0.65 to 16.5 ng/ml; FTC range, 0.33 to 14.6 ng/ml). Resistance mutations were detected in 4 of the 8 seroconverter samples. The multidrug assay had 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting TFV and FTC at drug concentrations consistent with daily PrEP use. The quantitative assay detected TFV and FTC at lower levels, which also might have provided protection against HIV infection.
Absolute ion detection efficiencies of microchannel plates and funnel microchannel plates for multi-coincidence detection
Creators: name: Fehre, K.
name: Trojanowskaja, D.
name: Gatzke, J.
name: Kunitski, M.
name: Trinter, F.
name: Zeller, S.
name: Schmidt, L. Ph. H.
name: Stohner, J.
name: Berger, R.
name: Czasch, A.
name: Jagutzki, O.
name: Jahnke, T.
name: Dörner, R.
name: Schöffler, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern momentum imaging techniques allow for the investigation of complex molecules in the gas phase by detection of several fragment ions in coincidence. For these studies, it is of great importance that the single-particle detection efficiency e is as high as possible, as the overall efficiency scales with e over n, i.e. the power of the number of detected particles. Here we present measured absolute detection efficiencies for protons of several micro-channel plates (MCPs), including efficiency enhanced "funnel MCPs". Furthermore, the relative detection efficiency for two-, three-, four-, and five-body fragmentation of CHBrClF has been examined. The "funnel" MCPs exhibit an efficiency of approx. 90 percent, gaining a factor of 24 (as compared to "normal" MCPs) in case of a five-fold ion coincidence detection.
description: 8 pages, 7 figues, submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments
title: Кросс-культурные коммуникации в европейском и азиатском пространствах
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Новосибирский государственный университет экономики и управления «НИНХ»
Year: 2020

description: В курсе лекций исследуются кросс-культурные коммуникации в европейских странах и в регионах Дальневосточной цивилизации. Изучаются традиционные картины мира, аксиологические, нормативно-этические и эстетические традиции. Анализируется взаимодействие языка и культуры в ходе эволюции этносов, функционирование языка в разных социокоммуникативных ситуациях. Дается кросс-культурный анализ осточного и западного политического процесса и политической транзитологии. Курс лекций предназначен для студентов по направлениям подготовки «Международные отношения» и «Регионоведение», специализирующихся на истории, культуре Европы, Дальнего Востока и Юго-Восточной Азии.
Generalized Brewster-Kerker effect in dielectric metasurfaces
Creators: name: Paniagua-Dominguez, Ramon
name: Yu, Ye Feng
name: Miroschnichenko, Andrey E.
name: Krivitsky, Leonid A.
name: Fu, Yuan Hsing
name: Valuckas, Vytautas
name: Gonzaga, Leonard
name: Toh, Yeow Teck
name: Kay, Anthony Yew Seng
name: Luk'yanchuk, Boris
name: Kuznetsov, Arseniy I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization is one of the key properties defining the state of light. It was discovered in the early 19th century by Brewster, among others, while studying light reflected from materials at different angles. These studies led to the first polarizers, based on Brewster's effect. One of the most active trends in photonics now is devoted to the study of miniaturized, sub-wavelength devices exhibiting similar, or even improved, functionalities compared to those achieved with bulk optical elements. In the present work, it is theoretically predicted that a properly designed all-dielectric metasurface exhibits a generalized Brewster effect potentially for any angle, wavelength and polarization of choice. The effect is experimentally demonstrated for an array of silicon nanodisks at visible wavelengths. The underlying physics of this effect can be understood in terms of the suppressed scattering at certain angles that results from the interference between the electric and magnetic dipole resonances excited in the nanoparticles, predicted by Kerker in early 80s. This reveals deep connection of Kerker's and Brewster's legacies and opens doors for Brewster phenomenon to new applications in photonics, which are not bonded to a specific polarization or angle of incidence.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, and supplementary information (22 pages)
From Wigner-Yanase-Dyson conjecture to Carlen-Frank-Lieb conjecture (New title)
Creators: name: Zhang, Haonan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the joint convexity/concavity of the trace functions \[ Ψ_{p,q,s}(A,B)=\text{Tr}(B^{\frac{q}{2}}K^*A^{p}KB^{\frac{q}{2}})^s,~~p,q,s\in \mathbb{R}, \] where $A$ and $B$ are positive definite matrices and $K$ is any fixed invertible matrix. We will give full range of $(p,q,s)\in\mathbb{R}^3$ for $Ψ_{p,q,s}$ to be jointly convex/concave for all $K$. As a consequence, we confirm a conjecture of Carlen, Frank and Lieb. In particular, we confirm a weaker conjecture of Audenaert and Datta and obtain the full range of $(α,z)$ for $α$-$z$ Rényi relative entropies to be monotone under completely positive trace preserving maps. We also give simpler proofs of many known results, including the concavity of $Ψ_{p,0,1/p}$ for $0
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. Some errors and typos corrected. Title changed. Main results improved: a unified and simple proof of the convexity/concavity of a large family of trace functions $ \Psi_{p,q,s}$ using a variational method and the convexity/concavity (due to Ando/Lieb) of $\Psi_{p,1-p,1}$. To appear in Adv. Math
title: Percutaneous biopsy of renal lesions - our experience from a tertiary institution.
Creators: name: Hadjivassiliou, Anastasia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Kidney
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Compare our diagnostic sample rate for targeted percutaneous biopsies of renal lesions at our tertiary institution against expected standards Determineany causative factors leading to diagnostic failure Assessour complication rate and compare that...
Flow-up Bases for Generalized Spline Modules on Arbitrary Graphs
Creators: name: Altinok, Selma
name: Sarioglan, Samet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C78, 11A07, 05C38

description: Let R be a commutative ring with identity. An edge labeled graph is a graph with edges labeled by ideals of R. A generalized spline over an edge labeled graph is a vertex labeling by elements of R, such that the labels of any two adjacent vertices agree modulo the label associated to the edge connecting them. The set of generalized splines forms a subring and module over R. Such a module it is called a generalized spline module. We show the existence of a flow-up basis for the generalized spline module on an edge labeled graph over a principal ideal domain by using a new method based on trails of the graph. We also give an algorithm to determine flow-up bases on arbitrary ordered cycles over any principal ideal domain.
Nearby cycles and semipositivity in positive characteristic
Creators: name: Langer, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study restriction of logarithmic Higgs bundles to the boundary divisor and we construct the corresponding nearby-cycles functor in positive characteristic. As applications we prove some strong semipositivity theorems for analogs of complex polarized variations of Hodge structures and their generalizations. This implies, e.g., semipositivity for the relative canonical divisor of a semistable reduction in positive characteristic and it gives some new strong results generalizing semipositivity even for complex varieties.
description: v2: corrected grant number v3: various corrections and improvements; 54 pages
Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from North Carolina Community Hospitals: Ongoing Circulation of CTX-M-Producing ST131- H 30Rx and ST131- H 30R1 Strains
Creators: name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Rutala, William A.
name: Kanamori, Hajime
name: Anderson, Deverick J.
name: Johnson, Timothy J.
name: Johnson, James R.
name: Parobek, Christian M.
name: Johnston, Brian D.
name: Weber, David J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: ABSTRACT Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) predominates globally among multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate 63 MDR E. coli isolates from 7 North Carolina community hospitals (2010 to 2015). Of these, 39 (62%) represented ST131, including 37 (95%) from the ST131- H 30R subclone: 10 (27%) from its H 30R1 subset and 27 (69%) from its H 30Rx subset. ST131 core genomes differed by a median of 15 (range, 0 to 490) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) overall versus only 7 within H 30R1 (range, 3 to 12 SNVs) and 11 within H 30Rx (range, 0 to 21). The four isolates with identical core genomes were all H 30Rx. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics did not vary significantly by strain type, but many patients with MDR E. coli or H 30Rx infection were critically ill and had poor outcomes. H 30Rx isolates characteristically exhibited fluoroquinolone resistance and CTX-M-15 production, had a high prevalence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance (89%), sul1 (89%), and dfrA17 (85%), and were enriched for specific virulence traits, and all qualified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli . The high overall prevalence of CTX-M-15 appeared to be possibly attributable to its association with the ST131- H 30Rx subclone and IncF[F2:A1:B−] plasmids. Some phylogenetically clustered non-ST131 MDR E. coli isolates also had distinctive serotypes/ fimH types, fluoroquinolone mutations, CTX-M variants, and IncF types. Thus, WGS analysis of our community hospital source MDR E. coli isolates suggested ongoing circulation and differentiation of E. coli ST131 subclones, with clonal segregation of CTX-M variants, other resistance genes, Inc-type plasmids, and virulence genes.
How Do Fluid Intelligence, Openness and Need for Cognition Co-shape the Acquisition of Mathematical Abilities? An Application of the OFCI Model to Mathematical Knowledge
Creators: name: Johannsen, Mieke
name: Krüger, Nina
name: Wagner, Jenny
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This project aims at the investigation of current intellectual investment theories within the context of gifted education. More specifically, it applies the Openness-Fluid-Crystallized-Intelligence model to the development of mathematical knowledge.
Gluing together Proof Environments: Canonical extensions of LF Type Theories featuring Locks
Creators: name: Honsell, Furio
name: Liquori, Luigi
name: Maksimović, Petar
name: Scagnetto, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; F.3.1; F.4.1

description: We present two extensions of the LF Constructive Type Theory featuring monadic locks. A lock is a monadic type construct that captures the effect of an external call to an oracle. Such calls are the basic tool for gluing together diverse Type Theories and proof development environments. The oracle can be invoked either to check that a constraint holds or to provide a suitable witness. The systems are presented in the canonical style developed by the CMU School. The first system, CLLFP, is the canonical version of the system LLFP, presented earlier by the authors. The second system, CLLFP?, features the possibility of invoking the oracle to obtain a witness satisfying a given constraint. We discuss encodings of Fitch-Prawitz Set theory, call-by-value lambda-calculi, and systems of Light Linear Logic. Finally, we show how to use Fitch-Prawitz Set Theory to define a type system that types precisely the strongly normalizing terms.
description: In Proceedings LFMTP 2015, arXiv:1507.07597
title: Acetabular fractures: radiographic and CT characteristics
Creators: name: Tonetti, Laura
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To demonstrate the importance for the radiologist of being familiar with the classification of acetabular fractures (AF); To describe the spectrum of radiographic findings in AF, focusing on the main acetabular landmarks; To establish the role of CT...
title: Lumbar spondylolysis: the role of imaging
Creators: name: Tonetti, Laura
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Athletic injuries
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The primary purposes of this educational exhibit were: To illustrate the imaging principles for the diagnosis and follow-­up of lumbar spondylolysis; To discuss radiological features useful to differentiate between active and inactive...
Basis Criteria for Generalized Spline Modules via Determinant
Creators: name: Altinok, Selma
name: Sarioglan, Samet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C10, 05C78, 15A15

description: Given a graph whose edges are labeled by ideals of a commutative ring R with identity, a generalized spline is a vertex labeling by the elements of R such that the difference of the labels on adjacent vertices lies in the ideal associated to the edge. The set of generalized splines has a ring and an R-module structure. We study the module structure of generalized splines where the base ring is a greatest common divisor domain. We give basis criteria for generalized splines on cycles, diamond graphs and trees by using determinantal techniques. In the last section of the paper, we define a graded module structure for generalized splines and give some applications of the basis criteria for cycles, diamond graphs and trees.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures