cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Aggregate dust model to study the polarization properties of comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake
Creators: name: Das, H. S.
name: Suklabaidya, A.
name: Majumder, S. Datta
name: Sen, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our present study, the observed linear polarization data of comet Hyakutake are studied at wavelengths $λ=0.365μm$, $λ=0.485μm$ and 0.684$μm$ through simulations using Ballistic Particle-Cluster Aggregate and Ballistic Cluster-Cluster Aggregate aggregates of 128 spherical monomers. We first investigated that the size parameter of the monomer, $x$ $\sim$ 1.56 -- 1.70, turned out to be most suitable which provides the best fits to the observed dust scattering properties at three wavelengths $λ= 0.365$$μm$, 0.485$μm$ and 0.684$μm$. Thus the effective radius of the aggregate (r) lies in the range $0.45 μm \le r \le 0.49 μm$ at $λ= 0.365$$μm$; $ 0.60 μm \le r \le 0.66 μm$ at $λ= 0.485$$μm$ and $0.88 μm \le r \le 0.94 μm$ at $λ= 0.684$$μm$. Now using superposition \textsc{t-matrix} code and the power-law size distribution, $n(r) \sim r^{-3}$, the best-fitting values of complex refractive indices are calculated which can best fit the observed polarization data at the above three wavelengths. The best-fitting complex refractive indices $(n,k)$ are found to be (1.745, 0.095) at $λ= 0.365 $ $μm$, (1.743, 0.100) at $λ= 0.485 $ $μm$ and (1.695, 0.100) at $λ= 0.684$ $μm$. The refractive indices coming out from the present analysis correspond to mixture of both silicates and organics, which are in good agreement with the \textit{in situ} measurement of comets by different spacecraft.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Carbohydrate digestion in the chinchilla
Creators: name: Smith, Diana Claire
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Carbohydrase activity in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) was investigated from birth to post-weaning. Crude homogenates of the small intestinal wall and pancreas were prepared in order to study intestinal lactase, maltase and sucrase, and pancreatic amylase. The study was based on the assumption that, at different stages of growth, the carbohydrase levels reflect the ability of the animal to utilize specific carbohydrates. Small intestinal lactase activity was highest from birth to three weeks of age, at which time it decreased sharply reaching the fairly constant low levels found in the post-weaned animal by four weeks. Maltase activity at birth was appreciable, increasing significantly at four weeks of age and attaining maximum levels by twelve weeks of age. The adult animal retained this high activity. In contrast to maltase, sucrase activity was negligible at birth and did not increase significantly until five weeks of age, at which time a steady increase was noted to the adult levels attained by the twelve week old animal. Pancreatic amylase was similarly negligible at birth. The highest increase in activity occurred between three and eight weeks at a time when intestinal lactase activity was decreasing. This also corresponded to the time of most rapid increase in maltase activity. The digestion of more complex carbohydrates was also investigated in the adult chinchilla. Cellulose, comprising 18.7% of a pelleted ration, was 54% digestible, the main sites of cellulose breakdown being the cecum and large intestine. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) throughout the alimentary tract of animals on a normal ranch ration of pellets and hay were quantitated, as were the individual acids. The cecum and large intestine were the only sites of VFA production, while the low levels found in the stomach were attributed to coprophagy.
The structure and performance of Tasmanian manufacturing industries
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Dangnoi Dana
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study makes use of two statistical methods, namely cluster analysis and discriminant analysis, to attempt to identify significant statistical relationships which may exist between various structural characteristics which are perceived to be of importance to the Tasmanian economy and certain aspects of the economic performance of manufacturing activities operating within the economy. Cluster analysis is used to group individual industries into various performance groups, after which discriminant analysis is applied to identify other attributes or characteristics, if any, that effectively distinguish between the clusters. Data is constructed at the 3-digit Australian Standard Industry Classification level for Tasmanian manufacturing industry. The main time period under study is 1975 to 1982, although use is also made of data from earlier years when available. The data is mainly in the form of annual figures, averaged over a number of years. The introductory chapter discusses the objectives of the study and provides a brief explanation of the methodology and approach adopted. The second chapter includes a general overview of the Tasmanian economy and reviews the main reports and studies that have considered the performance of the Tasmanian economy. The purpose of this review is not only to place the present study in context but also to present some of the main notions concerning relationships between structure and performance variables in the Tasmanian economy which have been advanced to date. These notions formed part of the process by which variables were selected for analysis. The methodology and discussion of variables are given in Chapter 3, followed by a fourth chapter reporting the results of this study. Finally, a summary of the work done and the conclusions that can be drawn are presented in the last chapter.
A feasible approach to incorporate information in higher moments in structural vector autoregressions
Creators: name: Keweloh, Sascha Alexander
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: structural vector autoregression
subject: GMM
subject: independent
subject: non-Gaussian
subject: higher moments
subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: Generalized method of moments and continuous updating estimators based on second- to fourth-order moment conditions can be used to solve the identification problem and estimate non-Gaussian structural vectorautoregressions. However, estimating the asymptotically optimal weighting matrix and the asymptotic variance of the estimators is challenging in small samples. I show that this can lead to a severe bias, large variance, and inaccurate inference in small samples. I propose to use the assumption of independent structural shocks not only to derive moment conditions but also to derive alternative estimators for the asymptotically optimal weighting matrix and the asymptotic variance of the estimator. I demonstrate that these estimators greatly improve the performance of the generalized method of moments and continuous updating estimators in terms of bias, variance, and inference.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB823;22/2021
title: A Commodity-specific Border Carbon Adjustment Framework Based on the Costs of Decarbonizing without a Carbon Price
Creators: name: Goodman, Samuel
Publisher: name: United States International Trade Commission
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05hsggr76
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022

description: Border carbon adjustments are a class of tariffs under consideration in multiple regions. Their aim is to
prevent carbon leakage and the offshoring of manufacturing capacity due to increased costs associated
with new domestic requirements to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Proposals to date are
predominantly based on existing carbon pricing schemes that would extend the same costs to imported
goods. However, the United States and most other countries do not have a carbon price, and any border
carbon adjustment they implement would either have to introduce one or rely on other metrics. This
paper explores the latter situation, providing a capital-based method of calculating border carbon
adjustments that would complement non-pricing policy prescriptions. Fertilizers, as an emissions
intensive industry, are used to show the magnitude of hypothetical duties under the framework. The
requirements and constraints are also discussed in terms of implementation, different logistical tradeoffs, and broader political economy considerations.
Real-time propagators at finite temperature and chemical potential
Creators: name: Mallik, S.
name: Sarkar, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a form of spectral representations for all bosonic and fermionic propagators in the real-time formulation of field theory at finite temperature and chemical potential. Besides being simple and symmetrical between the bosonic and the fermionic types, these representations depend explicitly on analytic functions only. This last property allows a simple evaluation of loop integrals in the energy variables over propagators in this form, even in presence of chemical potentials, which is not possible over their conventional form.
Precise tuning of disulphide crosslinking in mRNA polyplex micelles for optimising extracellular and intracellular nuclease tolerability
Creators: name: Dirisala, Anjaneyulu
name: Uchida, Satoshi
name: Tockary, Theofilus A.
name: Yoshinaga, Naoto
name: Li, Junjie
name: Osawa, Shigehito
name: Gorantla, Lahari
name: Fukushima, Shigeto
name: Osada, Kensuke
name: Kataoka, Kazunori
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: The major issues in messenger (m)RNA delivery are rapid mRNA degradation in the extracellular and intracellular spaces, which decreases the efficiency and duration for protein expression from mRNA. Stabilization of mRNA carriers using environment-responsive crosslinkings has promises to overcome these issues. Herein, we fine-tuned the structure of disulphide crosslinkings, which are selectively cleaved in the intracellular reductive environment, using the mRNA-loaded polyplex micelles (PMs) prepared from poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(L-lysine) (PEG–PLys) block copolymers, particularly by focussing on cationic charge density after the crosslinking. Primary amino groups in PLys segment were partially thiolated in two ways: One is to introduce 3-mercaptopropionyl (MP) groups via amide linkage, resulting in the decreased cationic charge density [PEG–PLys(MP)], and the other is the conversion of amino groups to 1-amidine-3-mercaptopropyl (AMP) groups with preserving cationic charge density [PEG–PLys(AMP)]. Compared to non-crosslinked and PEG–PLys(MP) PMs, PEG–PLys(AMP) PM attained tighter mRNA packaging in the PM core, thereby improving mRNA nuclease tolerability in serum and intracellular spaces, and providing enhanced protein expression in cultured cells at the optimal crosslinking density. These findings highlight the importance of cationic charge preservation in installing crosslinking moieties, providing a rationale for mRNA carrier design in the molecular level.
K-depth tests for testing simultaneously independence and other model assumptions in time series
Creators: name: Dohme, Hendrik
name: Malcherczyk, Dennis
name: Leckey, Kevin
name: Müller, Christine
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: We consider the recently developed K-depth tests for testing simultaneously independence and other model assumptions for univariate time series with a potentially related d-dimensional process of explanatory variables. Since these tests are based only on signs of residuals, they are easy to comprehend. They can be used in a full version and in a simplified version. While former investigations already showed that the full version is appropriate for testing model assumptions, we concentrate here on either testing the independence assumption on its own or on simultaneously testing independence- and model assumptions with both types of tests. In an extensive simulation study, we compare these tests with several known independence test such as the runs test, the Durbin-Watson test, and the Von-Neumann-Rank-Ratio test. Finally, we demonstrate how the K-depth tests can be used for improved modelling of crack width time series depending on temperature measurements in a bridge monitoring.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB823;24/2021
Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates
Creators: name: McCarthy, Christine
name: Cooper, Reid F.
name: Goldsby, David L.
name: Durham, William B.
name: Kirby, Stephen H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ice--Creep
subject: Magnesium sulfate
subject: Earthquakes

description: Using uniaxial compression creep experiments, we characterized the transient and steady state deformation behaviors of eutectic aggregates of system ice I and MgSO4 • 11H2O (MS11; meridianiite), which has significance because of its likely presence on moons of the outer solar system. Synthetic samples of eutectic liquid bulk composition, which produce eutectic colonies containing 0.35–0.50 volume fraction MS11, were tested as functions of colony size and lamellar spacing, temperature (230–250 K), and confining pressure (0.1 and 50 MPa) to strains ≤ 0.2. Up to a differential stress of 6 MPa, the ice I‐MS11 aggregates display an order of magnitude higher effective viscosity and higher stress sensitivity than do aggregates of pure polycrystalline ice at the same conditions. The creep data and associated microstructural observations demonstrate, however, that the aggregates are additionally more brittle than pure ice, approaching rate‐independent plasticity that includes rupture of the hydrate phase at 6–8 MPa, depending on the scale of the microstructure. Microstructures of deformed samples reveal forms of semibrittle flow in which the hydrate phase fractures while the ice phase deforms plastically. Semibrittle flow in the icy shell of a planetary body would truncate the lithospheric strength envelope and thereby decrease the depth to the brittle‐ductile transition by 55% and reduce the failure limit for compressional surface features from 10 to ∼6 MPa. A constitutive equation that includes eutectic colony boundary sliding and intracolony flow is used to describe the steady state rheology of the eutectic aggregates.
Bound states of the Klein-Gordon equation for vector and scalar general Hulthen-type potentials in D-dimension
Creators: name: Ikhdair, Sameer M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the Klein-Gordon equation in any $D$-dimension for the scalar and vector general Hulthén-type potentials with any $l$ by using an approximation scheme for the centrifugal potential. Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations. We obtain the bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of spin-zero particles in terms of Jacobi polynomials. The eigenfunctions are physical and the energy eigenvalues are in good agreement with those results obtained by other methods for D=1 and 3 dimensions. Our results are valid for $q=1$ value when $l\neq 0$ and for any $q$ value when $l=0$ and D=1 or 3. The $s$% -wave ($l=0$) binding energies for a particle of rest mass $m_{0}=1$ are calculated for the three lower-lying states $(n=0,1,2)$ using pure vector and pure scalar potentials.
description: 25 pages
The speed of evolution in large asexual populations
Creators: name: Park, Su-Chan
name: Simon, Damien
name: Krug, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an asexual biological population of constant size $N$ evolving in discrete time under the influence of selection and mutation. Beneficial mutations appear at rate $U$ and their selective effects $s$ are drawn from a distribution $g(s)$. After introducing the required models and concepts of mathematical population genetics, we review different approaches to computing the speed of logarithmic fitness increase as a function of $N$, $U$ and $g(s)$. We present an exact solution of the infinite population size limit and provide an estimate of the population size beyond which it is valid. We then discuss approximate approaches to the finite population problem, distinguishing between the case of a single selection coefficient, $g(s) = δ(s - s_b)$, and a continuous distribution of selection coefficients. Analytic estimates for the speed are compared to numerical simulations up to population sizes of order $10^{300}$.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures
Ambulatory monitoring demonstrates an acute association between cookstove-related carbon monoxide and blood pressure in a Ghanaian cohort
Creators: name: Quinn, Ashlinn Ko
name: Ayuurebobi Ae-Ngibise, Kenneth
name: Kinney, Patrick L.
name: Kaali, Seyram
name: Wylie, Blair
name: Boamah, Ellen
name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Agyei, Oscar
name: Chillrud, Steven N.
name: Mujtaba, Mohammed
name: Schwartz, Joseph E.
name: Abdalla, Marwah
name: Owusu-Agyei, Seth
name: Jack, Darby W.
name: Asante, Kwakupoku
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Blood pressure
Indoor air pollution
Biomass stoves
Carbon monoxide
Public health

description: Background Repeated exposure to household air pollution may intermittently raise blood pressure (BP) and affect cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated whether hourly carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were associated with acute increases in ambulatory blood pressure (ABP); and secondarily, if switching to an improved cookstove was associated with BP changes. We also evaluated the feasibility of using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in a cohort of pregnant women in Ghana. Methods Participants were 44 women enrolled in the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS). For 27 of the women, BP was measured using 24-h ABPM; home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) was used to measure BP in the remaining 17 women. Personal CO exposure monitoring was conducted alongside the BP monitoring. Results ABPM revealed that peak CO exposure (defined as ≥4.1 ppm) in the 2 hours prior to BP measurement was associated with elevations in hourly systolic BP (4.3 mmHg [95% CI: 1.1, 7.4]) and diastolic BP (4.5 mmHg [95% CI: 1.9, 7.2]), as compared to BP following lower CO exposures. Women receiving improved cookstoves had lower post-intervention SBP (within-subject change in SBP of −2.1 mmHg [95% CI: -6.6, 2.4] as compared to control), though this result did not reach statistical significance. 98.1% of expected 24-h ABPM sessions were successfully completed, with 92.5% of them valid according to internationally defined criteria. Conclusions We demonstrate an association between acute exposure to carbon monoxide and transient increases in BP in a West African setting. ABPM shows promise as an outcome measure for assessing cardiovascular health benefits of cookstove interventions.
Understanding the Asian summer monsoon response to greenhouse warming: the relative roles of direct radiative forcing and sea surface temperature change
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoqiong
name: Ting, Mingfang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Monsoons
Greenhouse gases
Climatic changes
Radiative forcing
Ocean-atmosphere interaction

description: Future hydroclimate projections from state-of-the-art climate models show large uncertainty and model spread, particularly in the tropics and over the monsoon regions. The precipitation and circulation responses to rising greenhouse gases involve a fast component associated with direct radiative forcing and a slow component associated with sea surface temperature (SST) warming; the relative importance of the two may contribute to model discrepancies. In this study, regional hydroclimate responses to greenhouse warming are assessed using output from coupled general circulation models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 (CMIP5) and idealized atmospheric general circulation model experiments from the Atmosphere Model Intercomparison Project. The thermodynamic and dynamic mechanisms causing the rainfall changes are examined using moisture budget analysis. Results show that direct radiative forcing and SST change exert significantly different responses both over land and ocean. For most part of the Asian monsoon region, the summertime rainfall changes are dominated by the direct CO2 radiative effect through enhanced monsoon circulation. The response to SST warming shows a larger model spread compared to direct radiative forcing, possibly due to the cancellation between the thermodynamical and dynamical components. While the thermodynamical response of the Asian monsoon is robust across the models, there is a lack of consensus for the dynamical response among the models and weak multi-model mean responses in the CMIP5 ensemble, which may be related to the multiple physical processes evolving on different time scales.
Additional file 1 of Identifying potential pathogenesis and immune infiltration in diabetic foot ulcers using bioinformatics and in vitro analyses
Creators: name: Xu, Yuanyuan
name: Xu, Jianchang
name: Chen, Sirong
name: Zhou, Anbang
name: Huang, Guangjing
name: Huang, Shidao
name: Yu, Dianbo
name: Wu, Biaoliang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Basic information of chosen datasets. Table S2. Sequence of miR-182-5p mimic, miR-338-3p mimic and negative control. Table S3. Sample information of different patients. Aca, Acarbose; C, China; DFU, Diabetic Foot Ulcer; DK, Diabetic Ketosis; DN, Diabetic Nephropathy; DPN, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy; DR, Diabetic Retinopathy; F, Female; H, hypertension; I, infection; INS, insulin; LEA, Lower Extremity Atherosclerosis; M, Male; Met, Metformin; NDF, non-DFU; O, osteomyelitis. Table S4. Primers used in qPCR test. Table S5. Antibodies used for the immunofluorescence study. Figure S1. The association with 22 types of immune cells in DFU (A) and NDF (B) tissues. Red: positive correlation; blue: negative correlation. Figure S2. The relationship between 17 metabolic pathways and CHL1, MITF together with NOVA1, respectively. Red: positive correlation; blue: negative correlation. (*𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001). Figure S3. Co-localization of CHL1 with tryptase, MITF with CD68, and NOVA1 with CD161 in NDF tissues. Immunofluorescence staining using (A) anti-CHL1 and anti-Tryptase, (B) anti-MITF and anti-CD68, and (C) anti-NOVA1 and anti-CD161 antibodies. Tissues are shown at 80× magnification. Figure S4. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs.
A Case for Zambian entry into the East African Common Market
Creators: name: Spring, David Mayer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis covers the subject of economic integration in the East African setting. Following a review of custom union theory literature, a closer examination is made of the historical and economic background of the East African Common Market. A case is then made for Zambian entry into the Common Market with particular emphasis put on the effect it would have on the growth of G.D.P. (impact effect) and the development of industry. An empirical examination of the impact effect indicates that Tanzania will be the largest net gainer. A model is also presented that shows the effect of integration on the time horizon of industrial growth. Finally, the thesis concludes that there are net gains that can be enjoyed by all parties if integration is implemented in a rational manner and industrial planning is executed by an inter-country industrial planning board that would allocate industry among the member countries based on sound economic criteria.
Preparation and electrical properties of cobalt-platinum nanoparticle monolayers deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique
Creators: name: Aleksandrovic, Vesna
name: Greshnykh, Denis
name: Randjelovic, Igor
name: Frömsdorf, Andreas
name: Kornowski, Andreas
name: Roth, Stephan Volkher
name: Klinke, Christian
name: Weller, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Langmuir-Blodgett technique was utilized and optimized to produce closed monolayers of cobalt-platinum nanoparticles over vast areas. It is shown that sample preparation, "dipping angle", and subphase type have a strong impact on the quality of the produced films. The amount of ligands on the nanoparticles surface must be minimized, the dipping angle must be around 105$^{\circ}$, while the glycol subphase is necessary to obtain nanoparticle monolayers. The achieved films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and grazing incidence x-ray scattering (GISAXS). The electrical properties of the deposited films were studied by direct current (DC) measurements showing a discrepancy to the variable range hopping transport from the granular metal model, and favoring the simple thermal activated charge transport. SEM, GISAXS as well as DC measurements confirm a narrow size distribution and high ordering of the deposited films.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
THE INCREASED FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEI SEEN IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE REFLECTS MORE NUMERICAL THAN STRUCTURAL ACQUIRED CHROMOSOMAL EVENTS: A DISCORDANT IDENTICAL CO-TWIN STUDY
Creators: name: Dochelli, Kaitlyn
Publisher: name: VCU Libraries
Year: 2019

description: VCU Theses and Dissertations
Recent and future changes in the Asian monsoon-ENSO relationship: Natural or forced?
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoqiong
name: Ting, Mingfang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Monsoons
Southern oscillation
Climatic changes
Climatic changes--Models

description: The Asian monsoon-ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) relationship in the 20th and 21st centuries is examined using observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) model simulations. CMIP5 models can simulate the ENSO-monsoon spatial structure reasonably well when using the multimodel mean. Running correlations show prominent decadal variability of the ENSO-monsoon relationship in observations. The modeled ENSO-monsoon relation shows large intermodel spread, indicating large variations across the model ensemble. The anthropogenically forced component of ENSO-monsoon relationship is separated from the naturally varying component based on a signal-to-noise maximizing empirical orthogonal function analysis using global sea surface temperature (SST). Results show that natural variability plays a dominant role in the varied ENSO-monsoon relationship during the 20th century. In the 21st century, the forced component is dominated by enhanced monsoon rainfall associated with SST warming, which may contribute to a slightly weakened ENSO-monsoon relation in the future.
Approche conceptuelle par un processus d'annotation pour la représentation et la valorisation de contenus informationnels en intelligence économique (IE)
Creators: name: Sidhom, Sahbi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the era of the information society, the impact of the information systems on the economy of material and immaterial is certainly perceptible. With regards to the information resources of an organization, the annotation involved to enrich informational content, to track the intellectual activities on a document and to set the added value on information for the benefit of solving a decision-making problem in the context of economic intelligence. Our contribution is distinguished by the representation of an annotation process and its inherent concepts to lead the decisionmaker to an anticipated decision: the provision of relevant and annotated information. Such information in the system is made easy by taking into account the diversity of resources and those that are well annotated so formally and informally by the EI actors. A capital research framework consist of integrating in the decision-making process the annotator activity, the software agent (or the reasoning mechanisms) and the information resources enhancement.
Winter storm intensity, hazards, and property losses in the New York tristate area
Creators: name: Shimkus, Cari Elizabeth
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Booth, James F.
name: Adamo, Susana Beatriz
name: Madajewicz, Malgosia
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Rieder, Harald
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Winter storms
Northeast storms
Severe storms
Flood damage

description: Winter storms pose numerous hazards to the Northeast United States, including rain, snow, strong wind, and flooding. These hazards can cause millions of dollars in damages from one storm alone. This study investigates meteorological intensity and impacts of winter storms from 2001 to 2014 on coastal counties in Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York and underscores the consequences of winter storms. The study selected 70 winter storms on the basis of station observations of surface wind strength, heavy precipitation, high storm tide, and snow extremes. Storm rankings differed between measures, suggesting that intensity is not easily defined with a single metric. Several storms fell into two or more categories (multiple-category storms). Following storm selection, property damages were examined to determine which types lead to high losses. The analysis of hazards (or events) and associated damages using the Storm Events Database of the National Centers for Environmental Information indicates that multiple-category storms were responsible for a greater portion of the damage. Flooding was responsible for the highest losses, but no discernible connection exists between the number of storms that afflict a county and the damage it faces. These results imply that losses may rely more on the incidence of specific hazards, infrastructure types, and property values, which vary throughout the region.
Distinct Patterns of Tropical Pacific SST Anomaly and Their Impacts on North American Climate
Creators: name: Guo, Yuanyuan
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Wen, Zhiping
name: Lee, Dong Eun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Self-organizing maps
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Southern oscillation
Precipitation (Meteorology)

description: A neural-network-based cluster technique, the so-called self-organizing map (SOM), was performed to extract distinct sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly patterns during boreal winter. The SOM technique has advantages in nonlinear feature extraction compared to the commonly used empirical orthogonal function analysis and is widely used in meteorology. The eight distinguishable SOM patterns so identified represent three La Niña–like patterns, two near-normal patterns, and three El Niño–like patterns. These patterns show the varied amplitude and location of the SST anomalies associated with El Niño and La Niña, such as the central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño. The impact of each distinctive SOM pattern on winter-mean surface temperature and precipitation changes over North America was examined. Based on composite maps with observational data, each SOM pattern corresponds to a distinguishable spatial structure of temperature and precipitation anomaly over North America, which seems to result from differing wave train patterns, extending from the tropics to mid–high latitudes induced by longitudinally shifted tropical heating. The corresponding teleconnection as represented by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmospheric Model, version 4 (CAM4), was compared with the observational results. It was found that the 16-member ensemble average of the CAM4 experiments with prescribed SST can reproduce the observed atmospheric circulation responses to the different SST SOM patterns, which suggests that the circulation differences are largely SST driven rather than due to internal atmospheric variability.
Narrative and the development of the literary reader : a study of narrative techniques through a consideration of the works of Jane Gardam
Creators: name: Hiller, Claire Josephine
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study considers a range of the techniques of narrative used in modern literature for children. The central focus is on those aspects of narrative which present difficulty for the young reader. These include point of view, narrative structure, irony and the sense of ending, aspects which may, singly or in combination, be ignored by the teacher. In order to give a clear basis for the study of these aspects the fiction of Jane Gardam has been selected as a representative of current approaches to narrative in literature for the young. Her work is used as illustrative of both the range and difficulties of narrative in current children's literature. The analysis leads to a discussion of some of the ways in which a teacher can mediate a book with a child in_order to help him become a more sensitive and discerning reader, one who can both add to a reading repertoire and select from it wisely, so that he is neither a victim of the story nor a destructive critic unappreciative of the storyteller's art or the issues embedded in a narrative; a reader with aesthetic appreciation and critical discrimination in a balance that allows him conscious freedom; a reader who is able to understand more fully how he makes sense of both fiction and life.
A Unified Monte Carlo Treatment of Gas-Grain Chemistry for Large Reaction Networks. I. Testing Validity of Rate Equations in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Vasyunin, A. I.
name: Semenov, D. A.
name: Wiebe, D. S.
name: Henning, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we demonstrate for the first time that the unified Monte Carlo approach can be applied to model gas-grain chemistry in large reaction networks. Specifically, we build a time-dependent gas-grain chemical model of the interstellar medium, involving about 6000 gas-phase and 200 grain surface reactions. This model is used to test the validity of the standard and modified rate equation methods in models of dense and translucent molecular clouds and to specify under which conditions the use of the stochastic approach is desirable. We found that at temperatures 25--30 K gas-phase abundances of H$_2$O, NH$_3$, CO and many other gas-phase and surface species in the stochastic model differ from those in the deterministic models by more than an order of magnitude, at least, when tunneling is accounted for and/or diffusion energies are 3x lower than the binding energies. In this case, surface reactions, involving light species, proceed faster than accretion of the same species. In contrast, in the model without tunneling and with high binding energies, when the typical timescale of a surface recombination is greater than the timescale of accretion onto the grain, we obtain almost perfect agreement between results of Monte Carlo and deterministic calculations in the same temperature range. At lower temperatures ($\sim10$ K) gaseous and, in particular, surface abundances of most important molecules are not much affected by stochastic processes.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Inclusive decays of $η_{b}$ into $S$- and $P$-wave charmonium states
Creators: name: He, Zhi-Guo
name: Li, Bai-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive S- and P-wave charmonium productions in the bottomonium ground state $η_b$ decay are calculated at the leading order in the strong coupling constant $α_s$ and quarkonium internal relative velocity $v$ in the framework of the NRQCD factorization approach. We find the contribution of $η_b \to χ_{c_J}+ g g$ followed by $χ_{c_J} \to J/ψ+ γ$ is also very important to the inclusive $J/ψ$ production in the $η_b$ decays, which maybe helpful to the investigation of the color-octet mechanism in the inclusive $J/ψ$ production in the $η_b$ decays in the forthcoming LHCb and SuperB. As a complementary work, we also study the inclusive production of $η_c$, and $χ_{cJ}$ in the $η_b$ decays, which may help us understand the X(3940) and X(3872) states.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Predictions for the strangeness S=-3 and -4 baryon-baryon interactions in chiral effective field theory
Creators: name: Haidenbauer, J.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The leading order strangeness S=-3 and -4 baryon-baryon interactions are analyzed within chiral effective field theory. The chiral potentials consist of contact terms without derivatives and of one-pseudoscalar-meson exchanges. Assuming SU(3) flavor symmetry those contact terms and the couplings of the pseudoscalar mesons to the baryons are related to the corresponding quantities of the S=-1 hyperon-nucleon channels. Specifically, the values of the pertinent five low-energy constants related to the contact terms are already fixed from our preceeding study of the Lambda-N and Sigma-N systems and thus genuine predictions for the Xi-Lambda, Xi-Sigma, and Xi-Xi interactions can be made. Strong attraction is found in some of the S=-3 and -4 channels, suggesting the possible existence of bound states.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Full Access Dynamical Link between the Barents–Kara Sea Ice and the Arctic Oscillation
Creators: name: Yang, Xiao-Yi
name: Yuan, Xiaojun
name: Ting, Mingfang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Arctic oscillation
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Atmospheric circulation
Sea ice
Climatic changes
Standing waves

description: The recent accelerated Arctic sea ice decline has been proposed as a possible forcing factor for midlatitude circulation changes, which can be projected onto the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and/or North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) mode. However, the timing and physical mechanisms linking AO responses to the Arctic sea ice forcing are not entirely understood. In this study, the authors suggest a connection between November sea ice extent in the Barents and Kara Seas and the following winter’s atmospheric circulation in terms of the fast sea ice retreat and the subsequent modification of local air–sea heat fluxes. In particular, the dynamical processes that link November sea ice in the Barents and Kara Seas with the development of AO anomalies in February is explored. In response to the lower-tropospheric warming associated with the initial thermal effect of the sea ice loss, the large-scale atmospheric circulation goes through a series of dynamical adjustment processes: The decelerated zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies propagate gradually from the subarctic to midlatitudes in about one month. The equivalent barotropic AO dipole pattern develops in January because of wave–mean flow interaction and firmly establishes itself in February following the weakening and warming of the stratospheric polar vortex. This connection between sea ice loss and the AO mode is robust on time scales ranging from interannual to decadal. Therefore, the recent winter AO weakening and the corresponding midlatitude climate change may be partly associated with the early winter sea ice loss in the Barents and Kara Seas.
Deprivation and pretest effects on operant level bar pressing
Creators: name: Mitchell, Larry W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The present study attempted to investigate the effects of food-deprivation and pretest experience on operant level bar pressing. In addition, these effects were assessed over an extended number of sessions. Thirty male albino rats were assigned to two major conditions; one which received pretest experience in the experimental chambers for 15 sessions and one which did not. Ss in the major conditions were then factorially assigned to three feeding schedules; one an ad lib. or no deprivation schedule, one a 15 gm. or mildly deprived schedule, and one a 5 gm. or severely deprived schedule. All Ss were then placed in the experimental chambers for 15 sessions. The results indicated that Ss which had no pretest experience exhibited decreased responding as a function of deprivation, while following pretest experience deprivation Ss’ operant level. In addition, operant level fluctuated widely over sessions. It was concluded that the present results integrated the findings of other investigators working on operant level.
Kinks and d-waves from phonons: The intermediate coupling story
Creators: name: Hague, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present results from an approach that extends the Eliashberg theory by systematic expansion in the vertex function; an essential extension at large phonon frequencies, even for weak coupling. In order to deal with computationally expensive double sums over momenta, a dynamical cluster approximation (DCA) approach is used to incorporate momentum dependence into the Eliashberg equations. First, I consider the effects of introducing partial momentum dependence on the standard Eliashberg theory using a quasi-local approximation; which I use to demonstrate that it is essential to include corrections beyond the standard theory when investigating d-wave states. Using the extended theory with vertex corrections, I compute electron and phonon spectral functions. A kink in the electronic dispersion is found in the normal state along the major symmetry directions, similar to that found in photo-emission from cuprates. The phonon spectral function shows that for weak coupling $Wλ< ω_0$, the dispersion for phonons has weak momentum dependence, with consequences for the theory of optical phonon mediated d-wave superconductivity, which is shown to be 2nd order in $λ$. In particular, examination of the order parameter vs. filling shows that vertex corrections lead to d-wave superconductivity mediated via simple optical phonons. I map out the order parameters in detail, showing that there is significant induced anisotropy in the superconducting pairing in quasi-2D systems.
description: Proceedings of SNS 2007
Neutron Fermi Liquids under the presence of a strong magnetic field with effective nuclear forces
Creators: name: Perez-Garcia, M. Angeles
name: Navarro, J.
name: Polls, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Landau's Fermi Liquid parameters are calculated for non-superfluid pure neutron matter in the presence of a strong magnetic field at zero temperature. The particle-hole interactions in the system, where a net magnetization may be present, are characterized by these parameters in the framework of a multipolar formalism. We use either zero- or finite-range effective nuclear forces to describe the nuclear interaction. Using the obtained Fermi Liquid parameters, the effect of a strong magnetic field on some bulk magnitudes such as isothermal compressibility and spin susceptibility is also investigated.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrum of AE Aquarii
Creators: name: Mauche, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The results of a Chandra X-ray Observatory High-Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) observation of the nova-like cataclysmic binary AE Aqr are described. First, the X-ray spectrum is that of an optically thin multi-temperature thermal plasma; the X-ray emission lines are broad, with widths that increase with the line energy, from sigma~1 eV for O VIII to sigma~5.5 eV for Si XIV; the X-ray spectrum is reasonably well fit by a plasma model with a Gaussian emission measure distribution that peaks at log T(K)=7.16, has a width sigma=0.48, an Fe abundance equal to 0.44 times solar, and other metal (primarily Ne, Mg, and Si) abundances equal to 0.76 times solar; and for a distance d=100 pc, the total emission measure EM=8.0E53 cm^-3 and the 0.5-10 keV luminosity L_X=1.1E31 erg/s. Second, based on the f/(i+r) flux ratios of the forbidden (f), intercombination (i), and recombination (r) lines of the He alpha triplets of N VI, O VII, and Ne IX measured by Itoh et al. in the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer spectrum and those of O VII, Ne IX, Mg XI, and Si XIII in the Chandra HETG spectrum, either the electron density of the plasma increases with temperature by over three orders of magnitude, from n_e~6E10 cm^-3 for N VI to n_e~1E14 cm^-3 for SI XIII, and/or the plasma is significantly affected by photoexcitation. Third, the radial velocity of the X-ray emission lines varies on the white dwarf spin phase, with two oscillations per spin cycle and an amplitude K~160 km/s. These results appear to be inconsistent with the recent models of Itoh et al., Ikhsanov, and Venter & Meintjes of an extended, low-density source of X-rays in AE Aqr, but instead support earlier models in which the dominant source of X-rays is of high density and/or in close proximity to the white dwarf.
description: 13 pages including 1 table and 11 encapsulated postscript figure (3 in color); uses emulateapj.cls and apjfonts.sty; accepted on 2009 October 1 for publication in The Astrophysical Journal