cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Farm Size and Technical Inefficiency of Production of Wheat Farmers in the Eastern Free State, Province of South Africa
Creators: name: Ngwenya, S.A.
name: Battese, George E.
name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Ngwenya, S.A.
name: Battese, George E.
name: Fleming, Euan M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: Farm-level data for the 1988/89 agricultural year from a sample survey of wheat farmers in Eastern Free State, are analysed in this paper. Stochastic frontier production functions are estimated, in which the technical inefficiency effects are modelled in terms of the size of the farming operation and other explanatory variables. The technical inefficiency effects for the farmers involved are significant and the null hypothesis that the explanatory variables in the model for the inefficiency effects have zero coefficients is rejected. The technical inefficiency effects are negatively and significantly related to the size of the farms. Elasticities of mean outputs with respect to the different inputs, together with the technical efficiencies of the wheat farmers, are estimated for both the translog and the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production functions. However, the Cobb-Douglas function is not an adequate representation of the data, given the specifications of the translog stochastic frontier production function.
Thermally-Driven Disc Winds as a Mechanism for X-ray Irradiation Heating in Black Hole X-ray Binaries: The Case Study of GX339-4
Creators: name: Tetarenko, B. E.
name: Dubus, G.
name: Marcel, G.
name: Done, C.
name: Clavel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray irradiation heating of accretion discs in black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) plays a key role in regulating their outburst cycles. However, despite decades of theoretical and observational efforts, the physical mechanism(s) responsible for irradiating these discs remains largely unknown. We have built an observationally-based methodology to estimate the strength of irradiation of BHXB discs by combining multiwavelength X-ray and optical/IR data throughout transient outbursts. We apply this to $\sim15$ yrs of activity in the Galactic BHXB GX339$-$4. Our findings suggest that the irradiation heating required by the optical data is large in this system. Direct illumination of the outer disc does not produce sufficient irradiation, but this should also produce a thermal-radiative wind which adds to the irradiation heating by scattering flux down onto the disc. However, analytic estimates of X-ray illumination from scattering in the wind is still not sufficient to produce the observed heating, even in combination with direct illumination. Either the analytic thermal-radiative wind models are underestimating the effect of the wind, or there are additional scattering mechanisms at work, such as magnetically-driven outflows, acting to increase the optical/IR flux. While wind-driven irradiation is likely a common feature among long-period BHXBs, fully understanding the driving mechanism(s) behind such a wind will require radiation-hydrodynamic simulations.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, supplementary figures included in appendices, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Model-based Cross-correlation Search for Gravitational Waves from the Low-mass X-Ray Binary Scorpius X-1 in LIGO O3 Data
Creators: name: Abbott, R.
name: Abe, H.
name: Acernese, F.
name: Ackley, K.
name: Adhicary, S.
name: Adhikari, N.
name: Adhikari, R. X.
name: Et Al.
name: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration
Publisher: name: London : Institute of Physics Publ.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie

description: We present the results of a model-based search for continuous gravitational waves from the low-mass X-ray binary Scorpius X-1 using LIGO detector data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. This is a semicoherent search that uses details of the signal model to coherently combine data separated by less than a specified coherence time, which can be adjusted to balance sensitivity with computing cost. The search covered a range of gravitational-wave frequencies from 25 to 1600 Hz, as well as ranges in orbital speed, frequency, and phase determined from observational constraints. No significant detection candidates were found, and upper limits were set as a function of frequency. The most stringent limits, between 100 and 200 Hz, correspond to an amplitude h0 of about 10−25 when marginalized isotropically over the unknown inclination angle of the neutron star's rotation axis, or less than 4 × 10−26 assuming the optimal orientation. The sensitivity of this search is now probing amplitudes predicted by models of torque balance equilibrium. For the usual conservative model assuming accretion at the surface of the neutron star, our isotropically marginalized upper limits are close to the predicted amplitude from about 70 to 100 Hz; the limits assuming that the neutron star spin is aligned with the most likely orbital angular momentum are below the conservative torque balance predictions from 40 to 200 Hz. Assuming a broader range of accretion models, our direct limits on gravitational-wave amplitude delve into the relevant parameter space over a wide range of frequencies, to 500 Hz or more.
Effect of Recombination Catalyst Loading in PEMWE Membranes on Anodic Hydrogen Content Reduction
Creators: name: Abbas, Dunia
name: Martin, Agate
name: Trinke, Patrick
name: Bierling, Markus
name: Bensmann, Boris
name: Thiele, Simon
name: Hanke-Rauschenbach, Richard
name: Böhm, Thomas
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hydrogen Crossover
subject: Interlayer
subject: PEM Water Electrolysis
subject: Platinum
subject: Recombination
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Integrating platinum-based recombination catalysts into proton exchange membrane water electrolysis systems effectively reduces the anodic hydrogen content. We studied the effect of the platinum loading of an interlayer close to the anode within the membrane on the anodic hydrogen in oxygen content. For the investigated Pt-loadings between 1 μgPt cm−2 and 140 μgPt cm−2, the results revealed that for a 110 μm membrane, 7 μgPt cm−2 were sufficient to allow a safe operation at cathode pressures up to 10 bar. A further increase of the Pt-loading did not significantly improve the reduction of the anodic hydrogen in oxygen content.
Commercial Agriculture in the Western Cape: Macroeconomic Analysis with a Social Accounting Matrix
Creators: name: Eckert, Jerry B.
name: Lienbenberg, G.F.
name: Troskie, Dirk P.
name: Eckert, Jerry B.
name: Lienbenberg, G.F.
name: Troskie, Dirk P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Farm Management

description: A social accounting matrix was developed for the Western Cape to meet growing needs for quantitative analysis of the agricultural sector. Twenty-five farm commodities and seven agribusinesses are explicitly included in the model. The coloured and black populations dominate provincial expenditure on fresh and processed farm commodities, suggesting that future demand growth depends on income increases among these household groups. In the aggregate, agriculture’s contributions to job creation, value added and government revenue significantly exceed those of the nonagricultural sectors; agribusiness exceeds other nonagricultural sectors because of their backward links to production agriculture. Within agriculture, horticulture and livestock subsectors make the most significant contributions to the macro economy. Similar patterns are found with respect to generating household incomes, and in the equality with which such incomes are distributed. Household economic behaviour is explicit. Spending by the poor is found to be more labour intensive than spending by the rich, and generates greater impacts on value added (GGP), gross operating surplus and the demand for most farm and non-farm commodities. A composite ranking of macroeconomic contributions to development is constructed. Nine horticultural enterprises and broilers comprise the ten top sectors.
Constraints of the Low-x Structure of Protons and Nuclei
Creators: name: Peitzmann, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review recent developments in the study of the low-x partonic content of protons and nuclei, with a focus on the latter, as one expects possible deviations from linear QCD evolution to be most pronounced in that case. I give examples of recent theoretical descriptions of HERA measurements with a focus on the role of BFKL evolution. I then concentrate on the status and assumptions of nuclear PDFs and the possibility to use forward particle production at the LHC as further constraint, in particular measurements of open charm and the potential of electromagnetic probes.
description: 6 pages, to be published in proceedings of ISMD 2019, Santa Fe
Searching for Candidates of Coalescing Binary Black Holes Formed through Chemically Homogeneous Evolution in GWTC-3
Creators: name: Qin, Ying
name: Wang, Yuan-Zhu
name: Bavera, Simone S.
name: Wu, Shichao
name: Meynet, Georges
name: Wang, Yi-Ying
name: Hu, Rui-Chong
name: Zhu, Jin-Ping
name: Wu, Dong-Hong
name: Shu, Xin-Wen
name: Peng, Fang-Kun
name: Song, Han-Feng
name: Wei, Da-Ming
Publisher: name: London : Institute of Physics Publ.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie

description: The LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration has announced 90 coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) with p astro > 50% to date; however, the origin of their formation channels is still an open scientific question. Given various properties of BBHs (BH component masses and individual spins) inferred using the default priors by the LVK, independent groups have been trying to explain the formation of the BBHs with different formation channels. Of all formation scenarios, the chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) channel has stood out with distinguishing features, namely, nearly equal component masses and preferentially high individual spins aligned with the orbital angular momentum. We perform Bayesian inference on the BBH events officially reported in GWTC-3 with astrophysically predicted priors representing different formation channels of the isolated binary evolution (common-envelope evolution channel, CEE; CHE; stable mass transfer, SMT). Given assumed models, we report strong evidence for GW190517_055101 being most likely to have formed through the CHE channel. Assuming the BBH events in the subsample are all formed through one of the isolated binary evolution channels, we obtain the lower limits on the local merger rate density of these channels at 11.45 Gpc−3 yr−1 (CEE), 0.18 Gpc−3 yr−1 (CHE), and 0.63 Gpc−3 yr−1 (SMT) at 90% credible level.
Shadow of a Naked Singularity without Photon Sphere
Creators: name: Joshi, Ashok B.
name: Dey, Dipanjan
name: Joshi, Pankaj S.
name: Bambhaniya, Parth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally believed that the shadows of either a black hole or naked singularity arise due to photon spheres developing in these spacetimes. Here we propose a new spherically symmetric naked singularity spacetime solution of Einstein equations which has no photon sphere, and we show that the singularity casts a shadow in the absence of the photon sphere. We discuss some novel features of this shadow and the lightlike geodesics in this spacetime. We compare the shadow of the naked singularity here with shadows cast by Schwarzschild black hole and the first type of Joshi-Malafarina-Narayan (JMN1) naked singularity, where for the last two spacetimes the shadow is formed due to the presence of a photon sphere. It is seen, in particular, that the size of shadow of the singularity is considerably smaller than that of a black hole. Our analysis shows that the shadow of this naked singularity is distinguishable from the shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole and the JMN1 naked singularity. These results are useful and important in the context of recent observations of shadow of the M87 galactic center.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
A Numerical Analysis of the Supersymmetric Flavor Problem and Radiative Fermion Masses
Creators: name: Diaz-Cruz, J. L.
name: Felix-Beltran, O.
name: Gomez-Bock, M.
name: Noriega-Papaqui, R.
name: Rosado, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the SUSY flavor problem in the MSSM, we are namely interested in estimating the size of the SUSY flavor problem and its dependence on the MSSM parameters. For that, we made a numerical analysis randomly generating the entries of the sfermion mass matrices and then determinated which percentage of the points are consistent with current bounds on the flavor violating transitions on lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays $l_i \to l_j γ$. We applied two methods, mass-insertion approximation method (MIAM) and full diagonalization method (FDM). Furthermore, we determined which fermion masses could be radiatively generated (through gaugino-sfermion loops) in a natural way, using those random sfermion matrices. In general, the electron mass generation can be done with 30% of points for large $\tanβ$, in both schemes the muon mass can be generated by 40% of points only when the most precise sfermion splitting (from the FDM) is taken into account.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
TCC Alice Barboza - Musealização e Patrimônio Imaterial: Caminhos para a Democracia Cultural
Creators: name: Núcleo Multidimensional De Gestão Do Patrimônio E De Documentação Em Museus (NUGEP) Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro (UNIRIO)
name: Barboza, Alice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Museology
subject: 210204 Museum Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: A reflexão em torno do Patrimônio Imaterial se dá em um momento histórico no qual estão sendo repensados os conceitos de patrimônio e cultura, que passam então a valorizar a diversidade cultural bem como os processos de elaboração de sentidos e signos sociais por uma comunidade ou grupo. Compreendendo que a Salvaguarda dos bens de natureza imaterial frequentemente se dá por meio do processo de Musealização desses bens, a presente monografia tem por objetivo analisar como o processo de Musealização, no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Patrimônio Imaterial (PNPI), é apropriado pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (PHAN) nos discursos sobre Democracia Cultural, entre 2000 e2005. Busca-se refletir o papel da Museologia. O entrecruzamento dos conceitos de Patrimônio Imaterial, de Democracia Cultural e de Musealização possibilita explorar as possibilidades de contribuição da Museologia para o campo do Patrimônio Imaterial, bem como para o modelo de gestão da cultura democracia cultural. O trabalho parte, ainda, de uma compreensão da Musealização enquanto cadeia de processos de caráter infocomunicacional; de uma compreensão de Cultura enquanto campo em que os sujeitos elaboram os signos e símbolos bem como a significação das estruturas sociais; e da ideia de Patrimônio Imaterial enquanto conjunto de expressões, tradições e saberes, que estão na base das identidades das comunidades, e que são transmitidos de geração em geração. Estando subordinado ao campo da Museologia, e consequentemente, à área das Ciências Sociais, o trabalho se caracteriza enquanto pesquisa básica uma vez que busca preencher uma lacuna no conhecimento, e seestrutura enquanto um estudo de caso múltiplo.
Referência eletrônica da monografia:
BARBOZA, Alice. Musealização e Patrimônio Imaterial: caminhos para a democracia cultural. 2016. 45p. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso – Escola de Museologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, 2016. Orientadora: Elizabete de Castro Mendonça. Disponível em: . Acesso em: [inserir data de consulta].DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12509849
Grazing-angle scattering of electromagnetic waves in gratings with varying mean parameters: grating eigenmodes
Creators: name: Gramotnev, D. K.
name: Goodman, S. J.
name: Nieminen, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A highly unusual pattern of strong multiple resonances for bulk electromagnetic waves is predicted and analysed numerically in thick periodic holographic gratings in a slab with the mean permittivity that is larger than that of the surrounding media. This pattern is shown to exist in the geometry of grazing-angle scattering (GAS), that is when the scattered wave (+1 diffracted order) in the slab propagates almost parallel to the slab (grating) boundaries. The predicted resonances are demonstrated to be unrelated to resonant generation of the conventional guided modes of the slab. Their physical explanation is associated with resonant generation of a completely new type of eigenmodes in a thick slab with a periodic grating. These new slab eigenmodes are generically related to the grating; they do not exist if the grating amplitude is zero. The field structure of these eigenmodes and their dependence on structural and wave parameters is analysed. The results are extended to the case of GAS of guided modes in a slab with a periodic groove array of small corrugation amplitude and small variations in the mean thickness of the slab at the array boundaries.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
The experience of public speaking apprehension (PSA) in the workplace
Creators: name: Erlebach, Anne C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: As a result of less secure employment relationships, downsizings, restructurings and ah unstable economic climate, many employees may be required to assert themselves by presenting to groups, teams and in front of managers, in order to compete in their chosen field of work. These presentations may be a problem for employees who experience significant public speaking apprehension (PSA) also referred to iri research as public speaking anxiety. Research to date has focused either on the pathological form of public speaking anxiety or on communication apprehension in general. This qualitative phenomenological study is based on eight in-depth interviews with participants recruited from Toastmasters' who fear public speaking and are motivated to overcome their fear. Results revealed common themes that included early childhood experiences, participants' self concepts and the influences their fear has had on it, factors affecting a PSA experience, participants' beliefs, attributions and assumptions about PSA, strategies for coping with PSA, as well as the influence of PSA throughout participants' lives. A phenomenological description of the complex structure of PSA was developed to reveal its essential meaning. Discussion focuses on the fundamental, unchanging nature of the experience, how people may perceive it, the impact it has on a person's self concept and how public speaking apprehension may affect one's academic and career choices. Implications are presented for counsellors, employers and organizations. Directions for future research are suggested.
THE PERCEIVED ACCOMPANYING DANGERS OF DEXAMETHASONE (A CORTICOSTEROID) USE IN COVID-19 MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Idowu Oluwaseyi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 170101 Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, Physiological Psychology)
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 111501 Basic Pharmacology

description: As at the time of this article report, the covid-19 Pandemic is swirling the world with over 8,000,000 confirmed cases, 440,000 deaths and with about 10.2% needing support in from of Mechanical Ventilators and/or oxygen. this Paper seeks to review literature on the new proposed solution drug "Dexamethasone".
Plastic Packaging Waste Management in Iceland: Challenges and Opportunities from a Life Cycle Assessment Perspective
Creators: name: Ögmundarson, Ólafur
name: Kalweit, Laura Sophie
name: Venkatachalam, Venkateshwaran
name: Kristjánsdóttir, Rakel
name: Endres, Hans-Josef
name: Spierling, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: end-of-life
subject: Iceland
subject: life cycle assessment
subject: plastic packaging
subject: plastic waste management
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: The management of plastic packaging waste is advancing quickly, and new strategies are being implemented worldwide for better resource recovery. To assess the environmental benefits of new ways of handling plastic packaging waste, we need to first evaluate current waste management options in order to create a basis for comparison. In this study, the environmental impacts of plastic packaging waste handling are assessed for the first time in Iceland using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The results show that mechanical recycling, despite including the impacts of exporting the waste to different European countries, has more environmental benefits than landfilling the waste in Iceland. Increasing the recycling rates of plastic waste in Iceland is also identified as a promising option from a resource efficiency perspective. With better waste sorting, Iceland can become more environmentally sustainable, ensuring that plastic materials land in recycling processes, and thereby enhancing the flow of material in the circular economy.
Indexing participation in the market economy through factor analysis: Implications for food security
Creators: name: Makhura, Moraka T.
name: Goode, M.F.
name: Coetzee, Gerhard K.
name: Makhura, Moraka T.
name: Goode, M.F.
name: Coetzee, Gerhard K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The paper aims to determine patterns used by emerging farmers to participate in the market economy. The eight components of participation (six crop sales, livestock sales and off-farm earnings) were subjected to factor analysis. The results indicate that there are five sources of market participation; viz. sales of staples, cash crops, snacks, livestock and off-farm earnings. That is, participation in the market through one of the sources may or may not be preconditioned by another source. Implications for food security are that commercialisation of both maize and beans should be promoted to ensure starch and protein intake respectively, while cotton and vegetables will provide income and employment, livestock as a food risk management base, and off-farm income as a livelihood enhancing mechanism.
Media of cooperation
Creators: name: Lynch, Michael
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 302.23 Medien (Kommunikationsmittel), Medienwissenschaft
subject: Ethnomethodology
subject: Global Positioning System (GPS)
subject: Harold Garfinkel
subject: Tacit knowledge
subject: Embodied practices

description: Michael Lynch was invited by the CRC as a Mercator Fellow in June 2016. In his short report he looks at Media of Cooperation: Ethnomethodology, GPS, and Tacit Knowledge based on his insights and discussions with the scholars in Siegen.
Gamma-Ray Spectral State Transitions of GRO J1719-24
Creators: name: Ling, J. C.
name: Wheaton, Wm. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report BATSE earth-occultation observations of the long-term soft gamma-ray (30 keV - 1.7 MeV) flux and spectral variability of the transient source GRO J1719-24 covering a 1000-day period between 13 January 1993 and 10 October 1995. During this period, the source underwent a major outburst in the fall of 1993 when the 35-100 keV flux rose from a quiescent state of less than 16 mCrab before 17 September 1993 to a level of 1.5 Crab on 3 October and remained approximately at this level over the next ~70 days. It then decreased sharply to the pre-transition quiescent level of ~44 mCrab on 21 December where it remained until 5 September 1994. During a 400-day period between 5 September 1994 and 10 October 1995, the source again underwent a series of five transitions when the 35-100 keV flux increased to low-intensity levels of \~200-400 mCrab. The low-state spectra were generally characterized by a power law with spectral index of ~2. The high-state spectra on the other hand have two components: a thermal Comptonized shape below ~200 keV with electron temperature kTe of ~37 keV and optical depth of ~2.8, and a soft power-law tail with photon index of ~3.4 above 200 keV that extends to ~500 keV. The softer high-intensity spectrum and the harder low-intensity spectrum intercept at ~400 keV. The non-thermal power-law gamma-ray component seen in both the high and low-intensity spectra suggests that the persistent non-thermal emission source is coupled to the hot and variable thermal emission source in the system. This is similar to that seen in two other gamma-ray emitting black-hole candidates GRO J0422+32 and Cygnus X-1, suggesting that perhaps similar system configurations and processes are occurring in these systems.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, to be published in ApJ Vol 633 on 1 April 2005
Infrastructural media and public media
Creators: name: Schüttpelz, Erhard
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Siegen
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 302.23 Medien (Kommunikationsmittel), Medienwissenschaft
subject: Infrastructural media

description: The first issue starts with a programmatic article by Erhard Schüttpelz about Infrastructural Media and Public Media in which he addresses some basic ideas of the Collaborative Research Center Media of Cooperation. He points out that practice theory cannot be reduced to the study of practices. Instead the theoretical program of practice theory demands to give practice priority to all other theoretical entities. With reference to research in social informatics and the concept of “boundary objects” by Susan Leigh Star, cooperation can be defined as mutual making of joint goals, means, and processes with or without consensus. Infrastructural media are made by and for cooperative work procedures and are the sources of public media that give rise to anonymous and private communication. Thus the analytical division of media production, distribution, and reception has to give way to an approach that historicizes them together. Digital media are an unprecedented fusion of administrative and public media. Against the background of a revised historiography current digital linked media and digital media practices appear much more plausible, and their prospective potential can be estimated in a better way.
Risk preferences of Kwazulu-Natal commercial sugar cane farmers
Creators: name: Ferrer, Stuart R.D.
name: Hoag, Dana L.
name: Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb
name: Ferrer, Stuart R.D.
name: Hoag, Dana L.
name: Nieuwoudt, W. Lieb
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: A direct elicitation of utility approach is used to measure risk preferences of commercial sugar cane farmers in the Mzimkulu, Sezela and Eston sugarmill areas of KwaZulu-Natal. Arrow- Pratt absolute risk aversion coefficients are elicited, adjusted for both range and scale of the data, to allow both inter and intra study comparisons of risk preferences. Of 53 farmers surveyed, two refused to participate in lottery games for religious or moral reasons. Of the remainder 57.2 percent were risk averse, 29.6 percent risk neutral and 13.2 percent risk preferring. On average they were risk averse although risk preferences vary significantly amongst individuals. Regression analysis indicates that on average sugar cane farmers are averse to a possible loss in wealth relative to initial wealth and they exhibit increasing absolute risk aversion although at a decreasing rate with increasing gamble range.
Application and Analysis of a Salt Bridge Reference Electrode Setup for PEM Water Electrolysis: Towards an Extended Voltage Loss Break Down
Creators: name: Bühre, Lena V.
name: Bullerdiek, Sven
name: Trinke, Patrick
name: Bensmann, Boris
name: Deutsch, Anna-Lena E. R.
name: Behrens, Peter
name: Hanke-Rauschenbach, Richard
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Electrodes
subject: Break down
subject: Cell measurement
subject: Contribution analysis
subject: Kinetics parameter
subject: Level-of-detail
subject: PEM water electrolysis
subject: Performance
subject: Reference electrodes
subject: Salt bridges
subject: Voltage loss
subject: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Information on PEMWE performance is often obtained from full cell measurements. The level of detail of this information is, however, comparably low. This contribution analyzes kinetic parameters for anode and cathode reactions separately as a step towards an extended loss breakdown through a salt bridge reference electrode. The reference electrode setup is shown in detail, and qualitative measurements are discussed. OER and HER Tafel slopes and exchange current densities for both reactions are reported. An outlook on future use cases for the salt bridge reference electrode is given and supported by measurement data.
Dissertação Alice Barboza - Patrimônio Imaterial e Musealização na América Latina
Creators: name: Núcleo Multidimensional De Gestão Do Patrimônio E De Documentação Em Museus (NUGEP) Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro (UNIRIO)
name: Barbosa, Alice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Museology
subject: 210204 Museum Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: As reflexões em torno do Patrimônio Imaterial são decorrentes de uma mudança na compreensão dosconceitos de patrimônio e cultura. As narrativas patrimoniais, a partir de então, voltam-se à valorização da diversidade cultural, e a compreensão de cultura passa a ser entendido como o campo de elaboração de signos e sentidos por uma comunidade ou um grupo. Nesse contexto, a Salvaguarda dos bens de natureza imaterial, frequentemente, se dá por meio do processo de Musealização desses bens, sendo possível observar que, na América Latina, existem similitudes na maneira de se trabalhar a Musealização dos bens imateriais. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como o processo de Musealização é apropriado como estratégia de Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial, visando verificar as associações e divergências na articulação dos processos de Patrimonialização e Musealização dos bens de natureza imaterial. Para tanto, foram analisadas as experiências do Museu de Folclore Edison Carneiro, no Brasil, e do Museu Nacional de Culturas Populares, no México. O trabalho parte, ainda, de uma compreensão da Musealização enquanto cadeia de processos de caráter infocomunicacional; de uma compreensão de Cultura enquanto campo em que os sujeitos elaboram os signos e símbolos, bem como a significação das estruturas sociais. Compreendendo a ideia de Patrimônio Imaterial como conjunto de expressões, tradições e saberes, que estão na base das identidades das comunidades, e que são transmitidos de geração em geração, o presente trabalho secaracteriza enquanto pesquisa básica, uma vez que busca preencher uma lacuna no conhecimento, e se estrutura enquanto pesquisa bibliográfica.
Referência eletrônica da dissertação:
BARBOZA, Alice. Patrimônio imaterial e musealização na América Latina. 2019. 130p. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Integração da América Latina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP. São Paulo, 2019. Orientadora: Marília da Silva Franco. Disponível em: . Acesso em: [inserir data de consulta].DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12509813
Machinery and labour biases of technical change in South African agriculture: A cost function approach
Creators: name: Townsend, Rob F.
name: Van Zyl, Johan
name: Thirtle, Colin G.
name: Townsend, Rob F.
name: Van Zyl, Johan
name: Thirtle, Colin G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Farm Management
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper provides an empirical investigation into the long-standing notion of biases of technical change in South African agriculture. The second order cost function is used to derive relative bias measures between labour and machinery. The results suggest that large machinery-using biases in technology have been developed with minimal labour-using biases.
Hydro-dynamical models for the chaotic dripping faucet
Creators: name: Coullet, P.
name: Mahadevan, L.
name: Riera, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a hydrodynamical explanation for the chaotic behaviour of a dripping faucet using the results of the stability analysis of a static pendant drop and a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the complete dynamics. We find that the only relevant modes are the two classical normal forms associated with a Saddle-Node-Andronov bifurcation and a Shilnikov homoclinic bifurcation. This allows us to construct a hierarchy of reduced order models including maps and ordinary differential equations which are able to qualitatively explain prior experiments and numerical simulations of the governing partial differential equations and provide an explanation for the complexity in dripping. We also provide a new mechanical analogue for the dripping faucet and a simple rationale for the transition from dripping to jetting modes in the flow from a faucet.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures. Under review for Journal of Fluid Mechanics
A new algorithm for electrostatic interactions in Monte Carlo simulations of charged particles
Creators: name: Saunders, William Robert
name: Grant, James
name: Müller, Eike Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: J.2; F.2.1; G.1
subject: 78M16, 82C80, 65Y20

description: To minimise systematic errors in Monte Carlo simulations of charged particles, long range electrostatic interactions have to be calculated accurately and efficiently. Standard approaches, such as Ewald summation or the naive application of the classical Fast Multipole Method, result in a cost per Metropolis-Hastings step which grows in proportion to some positive power of the number of particles $N$ in the system. This prohibitively large cost prevents accurate simulations of systems with a sizeable number of particles. Currently, large systems are often simulated by truncating the Coulomb potential which introduces uncontrollable systematic errors. In this paper we present a new multilevel method which reduces the computational complexity to $\mathcal{O}(\log(N))$ per Metropolis-Hastings step, while maintaining errors which are comparable to direct Ewald summation. We show that compared to related previous work, our approach reduces the overall cost by better balancing time spent in the proposal- and acceptance- stages of each Metropolis-Hastings step. By simulating large systems with up to $N=10^5$ particles we demonstrate that our implementation is competitive with state-of-the-art MC packages and allows the simulation of very large systems of charged particles with accurate electrostatics.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Depth-Varying Friction on a Ramp-Flat Fault Illuminated by ∼3-Year InSAR Observations Following the 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab Earthquake
Creators: name: Guo, Zelong
name: Motagh, Mahdi
name: Hu, Jyr‐Ching
name: Xu, Guangyu
name: Haghighi, Mahmud Haghshenas
name: Bahroudi, Abbas
name: Fathian, Aram
name: Li, Shaoyang
Publisher: name: Washington, DC : Union
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: earthquake event
subject: earthquake magnitude
subject: fault geometry
subject: fault slip
subject: seismic source
subject: spatiotemporal analysis
subject: synthetic aperture radar
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations to investigate the fault geometry and afterslip evolution within 3 years after a mainshock. The postseismic observations favor a ramp-flat structure in which the flat angle should be lower than 10°. The postseismic deformation is dominated by afterslip, while the viscoelastic response is negligible. A multisegment, stress-driven afterslip model (hereafter called the SA-2 model) with depth-varying frictional properties better explains the spatiotemporal evolution of the postseismic deformation than a two-segment, stress-driven afterslip model (hereafter called the SA-1 model). Although the SA-2 model does not improve the misfit significantly, this multisegment fault with depth-varying friction is more physically plausible given the depth-varying mechanical stratigraphy in the region. Compared to the kinematic afterslip model, the mechanical afterslip models with friction variation tend to underestimate early postseismic deformation to the west, which may indicate more complex fault friction than we expected. Both the kinematic and stress-driven models can resolve downdip afterslip, although it could be affected by data noise and model resolution. The transition depth of the sedimentary cover basement interface inferred by afterslip models is ∼12 km in the seismogenic zone, which coincides with the regional stratigraphic profile. Because the coseismic rupture propagated along a basement-involved fault while the postseismic slip may activate the frontal structures and/or shallower detachments in the sedimentary cover, the 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake may have acted as a typical event that contributed to both thick- and thin-skinned shortening of the Zagros in both seismic and aseismic ways.
Construction of the cosmological model with periodically distributed inhomogeneities with growing amplitude
Creators: name: Sikora, Szymon
name: Głód, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an approximate solution to the cosmological perturbation theory around Einstein-de Sitter background up to the fourth-order perturbations. This could be done with the help of the specific symmetry condition imposed on the metric, from which follows, that the model density forms an infinite, cubic lattice. We show that the perturbative solution obtained this way can be interpreted as the exact solution to the Einstein equations for a dust-like energy-momentum tensor. In our model, it seems that physical quantities averaged over a large scales overlap with the respective Einstein-de Sitter prediction, while local observables could differ significantly from their background counterparts. As an example, we analyze in details a behaviour of the local and the global measurements of the Hubble constant, which is important in the context of a current Hubble tension problem.
Dissertação Alice Barboza - Patrimônio Imaterial e Musealização na América Latina
Creators: name: Núcleo Multidimensional De Gestão Do Patrimônio E De Documentação Em Museus (NUGEP) Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro (UNIRIO)
name: Sampaio, Alice Barbosa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Museology
subject: 210204 Museum Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: As reflexões em torno do Patrimônio Imaterial são decorrentes de uma mudança na compreensão dosconceitos de patrimônio e cultura. As narrativas patrimoniais, a partir de então, voltam-se à valorização da diversidade cultural, e a compreensão de cultura passa a ser entendido como o campo de elaboração de signos e sentidos por uma comunidade ou um grupo. Nesse contexto, a Salvaguarda dos bens de natureza imaterial, frequentemente, se dá por meio do processo de Musealização desses bens, sendo possível observar que, na América Latina, existem similitudes na maneira de se trabalhar a Musealização dos bens imateriais. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como oprocesso de Musealização é apropriado como estratégia de Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial, visando verificar as associações e divergências na articulação dos processos de Patrimonialização e Musealização dos bens de natureza imaterial. Para tanto, foram analisadas as experiências do Museu de Folclore Edison Carneiro, no Brasil, e do Museu Nacional de Culturas Populares, no México. O trabalho parte, ainda, de uma compreensão da Musealização enquanto cadeia de processos de caráter infocomunicacional; de uma compreensão de Cultura enquanto campo em que os sujeitos elaboram os signos e símbolos, bem como a significação das estruturas sociais. Compreendendo a ideia de Patrimônio Imaterial como conjunto de expressões, tradições e saberes, que estão na base das identidades das comunidades, e que são transmitidos de geração em geração, o presente trabalho secaracteriza enquanto pesquisa básica, uma vez que busca preencher uma lacuna no conhecimento, e se estrutura enquanto pesquisa bibliográfica.
Participation and decentralisation in rural development: Lessons from the Lesotho Highlands Water Project
Creators: name: Parker, A.N.
name: Parker, A.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Emerging experience from many countries, including some African countries, suggests that an approach that puts communities at the centre of the development process is likely to have considerably more chance of success than the centralised, bureaucratic approach that has characterised previous rural development initiatives. In Lesotho, the establishment of a central source of finance—the Development Fund—to fund community-driven development has had a positive impact on mobilising communities to implement a range of development projects. The experience of the Development Fund provides important lessons for other countries that are interested in promoting development projects that are sustainable and, at the same time, meet communities’ felt needs.
Oportunidades de Desenvolvimento do Sector Familiar de Cajú e sua Relação com a Segurança Alimentar na Província de Nampula, Moçambique
Creators: name: Mole, Paulo Nicua
name: Mole, Paulo Nicua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: Mozambique
subject: cashew

description: This paper reports findings of an economic evaluation study of alternative smallholder cashew technologies to increase production. The objective of the study was to provide farm level insights to help evaluate returns to smallholders’ resources, particularly to the labor time smallholders allocate to different competing enterprises under alternative crop production technologies. Key research questions included: (a) under what conditions is it financially attractive for Mozambican smallholder farmers to expand production and improve quality of cashew nuts? (b) related to these, what are the investment decisions and available alternative technological options smallholders need to consider in order to achieve the expected cashew production increases and quality improvements? (c) What incentives and institutional support will be required for smallholders to adopt these alternative and new technologies in an environment where cashews are not the main crop?
description: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Optimal strategies for fighting persistent bugs
Creators: name: Steuernagel, Ole
name: Polani, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Some microbial organisms are known to randomly slip into and out of hibernation, irrespective of environmental conditions [1]. In a (genetically) uniform population a typically very small subpopulation becomes metabolically inactive whereas the majority subpopulation remains active and grows. Bacteria such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-superbug), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1-3] show persistence. It can render bacteria less vulnerable in adverse environments [1, 4, 5] and their effective eradication through medication more difficult [2, 3, 6]. Here we show that medication treatment regimes may have to be modified when persistence is taken into account and characterize optimal approaches assuming that the total medication dose is constrained. The determining factors are cumulative toxicity, eradication power of the medication and bacterial response timescales. Persistent organisms have to be fought using tailored eradication strategies which display two fundamental characteristics. Ideally, the treatment time should be significantly longer than in the case of persistence with the medication uniformly spread out over time; however, if treatment time has to be limited, then the application of medication has to be concentrated towards the beginning and end of the treatment. These findings deviate from current clinical practice, and may therefore help to optimize and simplify treatments. Our use of multi-objective optimization [7] to map out the optimal strategies can be generalized to other related problems.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures