Hybothoracaphis laevigata Chen, Jiang & Qiao, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Chen, Jing
name: Jiang, Liyun
name: Qiao, Gexia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Aphidomorpha
Aphididae
Hybothoracaphis
Hybothoracaphis laevigata

description: Hybothoracaphis laevigata sp. nov.
(Figs1–25, Table 1)
Etymology. The new species is named for the almost smooth dorsum of prosoma. “ laevigata ” (Latin) means “smooth”.
Description. Apterous viviparous females: Body oval, aleyrodiform, strongly sclerotized, thickened, with a conspicuous median dorsal ridge (Fig. 24). Dark brown in life (Figs 22–24). For morphometric data see Table 1.
Mounted specimens. Body brown; legs light brown; muscle attachment plates dark brown; rostrum, cauda, anal plate, and genital plate pale in color. Prosoma consisting of fused head, thorax, and abdominal segment I; abdominal segments II–VII fused and completely separated from prosoma; abdominal segment VIII free (Figs 1, 11). Dorsum of prosoma smooth, with a few wrinkles. Muscle attachment plates distinct, forming radial pattern with dorsal wrinkles (Figs 1, 11, 12). Central axis of dorsal prosoma with clusters of irregular-shaped pustules, located before and behind the muscle attachment plates (Figs 1, 12); the largest one located on the anterior area of head, distinctly elevated, spherical (Figs 2, 13); others protuberant, flat, or indistinct. Posterior marginal area of dorsal prosoma with indistinct oval or spindle-shaped markings in some specimens. The margin of dorsal prosoma with a wide transversely striped band (Figs 1, 3, 11, 14). Abdominal tergites II–VII with short and long ripples, tergite VIII with scaly imbrications medially and transverse stripes posterior marginally (Fig. 1). Marginal vertical area of body covered with mosaic-like ornamentation, protuberant (Figs 1, 4, 11, 15). Two pairs of thoracic spiracles conspicuous (Fig. 15, indicated with arrows in Fig. 1). Dorsal setae of body very short, fine, and pointed. Head with a pair of cephalic setae; dorsum of prosoma with 11 pairs of submarginal setae, among head with 4 pairs anterior to eyes, pro-, meso-, and metanotum each with 2 pairs, abdominal tergite I with a pair; the spinal area of prosoma with 0–2 setae; abdominal tergites II–VII each with a pair of submarginal setae; tergite VIII with 4 setae (Fig. 1). Frons not protuberant. Eyes 3-faceted (Fig. 1). Antennae very small, unsegmented, with L-shaped bend and 2 apical setae (Figs 5, 16). Primary rhinaria small, rounded, and placed closely. Rostrum short, reaching to fore coxae. Ultimate rostral segment wedge-shaped, with 2 pairs of primary setae and a pair of secondary setae (Figs 6, 17). Legs short, exposed outside body, smooth, trochanter and femur fused (Fig. 11). Setae on legs sparse, hind tibiae with stiff and blunt setae on distal part. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 2 or 3, 3, 2. Dorsoapical setae on second tarsal segment expanded at apex and longer than claws. Claws normal. Siphunculi pore-like, slightly raised, on abdominal tergite IV (Figs 7, 18). Cauda and anal plate with spinules, genital plate with spinulose transverse stripes (Figs 8–10). Cauda knobbed, constricted at base, with 7–9 setae (Figs 8, 19). Anal plate bilobed, each lobe with 6 setae (Figs 9, 20). Genital plate broadly rounded, with 2 anterior setae and 9–12 setae along the posterior margin (Figs 10, 21).
Specimens examined. Holotype: apterous viviparous female, CHINA: Tibet (Mainling County, 29.44°N, 94.72°E, altitude 2940 m), 1.viii.2014, No. 32788-1-2-1, on Quercus aquifolioides, coll. J. Chen and X. C. Zhu (NZMC). Paratypes: 3 apterous viviparous females (COI: KU530576; CytB: KU530577; EF-1α: KU530578), with the same collection data as holotype (NZMC); 2 apterous viviparous females, CHINA: Tibet (Nyingchi City, 29.88°N, 93.43°E, altitude 3330 m), 2.viii.2010, No. 25731-1-1, on Quercus aquifolioides, coll. G. X. Qiao, Q. H. Liu, Y. Wang, and R. Chen (NHM); 2 apterous viviparous females (COI: KU530570), No. 25731 (NZMC); 2 apterous viviparous females (COI: KU530571), CHINA: Tibet (Bome County, 29.61°N, 96.39°E, altitude 3350 m), 5.viii.2014, No. 29575, on Quercus aquifolioides, coll. J. Chen and X. C. Zhu (NZMC); 1 apterous viviparous female (COI: KU530572), CHINA: Tibet (Zayu County, 28.80°N, 97.50°E, altitude 2660 m), 7.viii.2014, No.
29650, on Quercus aquifolioides, coll. J. Chen and X. C. Zhu (NZMC); 1 apterous viviparous female (COI: KU530573), CHINA: Tibet (Bayi Town, Mt. Biri, 29.64°N, 94.38°E, altitude 3250 m), 31.vii.2014, No. 32765, on Quercus aquifolioides, coll. J. Chen, R. Chen, and X. C. Zhu (NZMC); 1 apterous viviparous female (COI: KU530574), CHINA: Tibet (Bayi Town, Mt. Biri, 29.65°N, 94.38°E, altitude 3200 m), 31.vii.2014, No. 32776, on Quercus aquifolioides, coll. J. Chen, R. Chen, and X. C. Zhu (NZMC); 3 apterous viviparous females (COI: KU530575), CHINA: Tibet (Mainling County, 29.31°N, 94.34°E, altitude 2950 m), 1.viii.2014, No. 32781, on Quercus aquifolioides, coll. J. Chen and X. C. Zhu (NZMC).
Distribution. China (Tibet).
Host plant. Quercus aquifolioides.
Biology. Aphids live along the veins on the undersides of leaves of Quercus aquifolioides (Figs 22–25). The life cycle is unknown.
Comments. The new species most resembles Thoracaphis kumaoni Chakrabarti & Debnath, 2011, but differs from it as follows: antennae unsegmented (the latter: 3-segmented); a conspicuous median dorsal ridge present on body (the latter: absent); clusters of irregular-shaped pustules present along central axis of dorsal prosoma (the latter: absent); dorsum of prosoma almost smooth (the latter: variably corrugated); the marginal band on dorsal prosoma transversely striped (the latter: polygonal reticulated) (Chakrabarti & Debnath, 2011).
description: Published as part of Chen, Jing, Jiang, Liyun & Qiao, Gexia, 2016, Hybothoracaphis, a new genus of Nipponaphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China and its phylogenetic placement based on multiple genes, pp. 375-383 in Zootaxa 4170 (2) on pages 376-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4170.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/258281