Trogolaphysa pseudomaculata Cipola & Morais & Bellini 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cipola, Nikolas Gioia
name: Morais, José Wellington De
name: Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Collembola
Entomobryomorpha
Paronellidae
Trogolaphysa
Trogolaphysa pseudomaculata

description: Trogolaphysa pseudomaculata sp. nov. Cipola
Figs 21–26, Table 2
Diagnosis. Body with a blue spot laterally on Th II–Abd II and coxa III, and Abd IV with 2 lateral spots, rarely these reduced or absent (Fig. 21); Ant IV weakly annulated; Ant III with 7 dorsal and 3 ventral elongated sens, without mac (Fig. 22C); Ant II with 3–4 dorsal and 2 ventral mac, without elongated sens (Fig. 22C); Ant I devoid of dorsal mac; head mac A0, A2, M2, M4, S5 and Pa5 present (Fig. 22F); prelabral chaetae ciliate; labral papillae with 2 conical projections (Fig. 22D); labial papilla E with l.p. finger-shaped and surpassing the base of a.a. (Fig. 22E); basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae M1–2, E and L1–2 ciliate, r reduced; postlabial X chaeta present (Fig. 22G); Th II–Abd IV with 1+3, 0 | 0, 1+1, 1+3 and 5+5–8 mac, respectively; Abd IV with 13 sens (Fig. 23); femur I–II with 9 inner mac and femur III with an inner row of 5–6 unmodified mac (Figs 24E); unguis I–III b.t. slightly larger than m.t., b.t. and m.t. far apart, a.t. present; unguiculus I–III lamellae smooth and acuminate; mucro with 4 teeth.
Description. Total length (head + trunk) of the specimens 1.53–2.03 (n=4), holotype 2.03 mm. Specimens pale white or yellowish with blue pigments on distal half of Ant II to IV, lateral borders of Th II–Abd II expanding to the coxa III, Abd III with one weak lateral spot, Abd IV laterally with 2 spots almost conected; rarely the pigments reduced (coxa III), vestigial (Th III–Abd II, Abd IV) or absent (Th II and Abd III); eyepatches black (Fig. 21). Scales present on Ant I to proximal basal half of Ant II, and Ant III base.
Head. Antennae subequal or slightly shorter than the trunk length (Fig. 21); ratio antennae: trunk = 1: 1.27–1.37 (n=4), holotype 1: 1.29; antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.37–1.57: 1.23–1.29: 2.37–2.43, holotype 1: 1.43: 1.29: 2.39. Ant IV weakly annulated on its distal three fourths, with at least 4 sens types, 2 subapical thicker and conical, 5 elongated thin sens, and numerous pointed and weakly pointed, no apical bulb or subapical organite (Fig. 22A). Ant III organ with 2 clubbed sens, 4 sens acuminate, 1 elongated thin sens and ciliated chaetae (Fig. 22B); dorsally with 7 elongated thin sens and ventrally with 3elongated thin sens, no mac on both sides (Fig. 22C). Ant II dorsally with 3–4 mac and 2 ventral mac, no elongated thin sens (Fig. 22C). Ant I devoid of dorsal mac but with 3 smooth mic at base. Prelabral chaetae ciliate; labral a1 chaeta not thicker, a and m chaetae subequals in length, p0–2 longer; labral papillae with 2 conical projections (Fig. 22D). Eyes A–F subequal, eyes G and H much smaller; 5 ‘IO’ chaetae; head dorsal macrochaetotaxy with 13 ‘An’ (An1a–3), 2 ‘A’ (A0, A2), 2 ‘M’ (M2, M4), 1 ‘S’ (S5), and 1 ‘Pa’ (Pa5) mac (Fig. 22F). Labial papilla E with l.p. finger-shaped and surpassing the base of a.a. (Fig. 22E); papilla H with 2 hypostomal appendix smooth and acuminate. Maxillary palp with b.c. 1.29 larger than t.a. Basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae M1–2, E and L1–2 ciliate, r reduced on a club-shaped basis (as in Fig. 3E). Head ventrally with about 22 chaetae, 15 acuminate and finely ciliate, 1 median robust, and 6 smaller and ciliate; postlabial formula with 4 (G1–4), 1 (X) 4 (H1–4), 3 (J1–3) chaetae; proximal region of cephalic groove with 2 elongated acuminate chaetae, plus 5 chaetae on a transversal row respectively, near to b.c. (Fig. 22G).
Thorax dorsal chaetotaxy (Fig. 23A). Th II a and p series with 1 (a5) and 3 (p3 complex) mac, respectively; m series with 3 mic (m1–2, m4). Th III a, m and p series with 1 (a2), 1 (m6) and 4 (p1–3, p6) mic, respectively, except for m6 as mac. Ratio Th II: III = 1.50–1.24: 1 (n= 4), holotype 1.24: 1.
Abdomen dorsal chaetotaxy (Figs 23B–C). Abd I a, m and p series with 2 (a2, a6), 4 (m2–4, m6) and 1 (p6) mic, respectively. Abd II a, m and p series with 2 (a2–3), 4 (m3, m5–7) and 2 (p6–7) chaetae, respectively, m3 and m5 as mac, and 1 posterior scale-like chaeta present. Abd III a, m and p series with 4 (a2–3, a6–7), 4 (m3, am6, pm6, m7) and 3 (p6–7) chaetae, respectively; m3, am6, pm6 and p6 as mac; m2 bothriotrichum with 2 accessory chaetae, and a5 and m5 bothriotricha with 9 accessory chaetae between them. Abd IV with 5 medial mac on series A–C (A3, A5, B4–6) and 5–8 lateral mac on series T–Fe (D3, E2–4, F2, Fe2–3 and 1 of unclear homology); about 13 sens (as and ps type I, and 11 medial type II), and 8 posterior mes present. Abd V a, m and p series with 2 (a5–6), 3 (m2–3, m5) and 4 (p1, p3–5) mac, respectively. Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 4.44–6.57 (n= 4), holotype 1: 6.57.
Legs. Subcoxa I with one row of 2 chaetae; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 11–12 chaetae and about 15 anterior chaetae; posterior row of 8–10 chaetae and 2 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 11–12 chaetae and about 20 anterior chaetae of different sizes (Figs 24A–C). Trochanteral organ with about 33 spine-like chaetae (Fig. 24D). Femur I–III with one outer longitudinal row of 2, 2, 2, 0 mac finely ciliate, all apically acuminate or normal (Fig. 24E); femur I–II internally with 9 mac finely ciliate, 4 chaetae apically acuminate, 2 anterior, 2 inner and 1 posterior (Fig. 24E); femur III with an inner row of 5–6 unmodified mac ciliate and acuminate and 1 proximal elongated chaetae apically acuminate; anterior side with an 1 proximal elongated chaetae apically acuminate (as in Fig. 11F). Tibiotarsus I–III with 11 inner and 1 anterior mac finely ciliate (Fig. 24E); tibiotarsal smooth chaeta 0.85 smaller than the unguiculus, tenent hair and 0.75 smaller than the unguis outer edge. Unguis I–III with 4 inner teeth, b.t. subequals, larger than m.t. and on basal half of the unguis, m.t. on distal ¼, a.t. minute and on distal 1 / 9. Unguiculus I–III with all lamellae smooth and acuminate (as in Figs 17H–I); ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.58.
Collophore (Fig. 25A). Anterior side with 17 chaetae finely ciliate, 14 thin chaetae of different sizes and widely distributed on tube, and 3 distal mac, the lateral 1 thinner; posterior side with about 34 ciliate chaetae (5 unpaired), 2 larger unpaired median mac, 8 elongated chaetae, 9 mes (2 unpaired) and 12 thin mic (1 unpaired) widely distributed, distally 3 ciliate chaetae, no smooth chaetae; lateral flap with about 12–14 chaetae, 6 smooth and 6–8 ciliate.
Furcula. Manubrium laterally with one row of 4–6 spine-like mac ciliated (holotype with 5 and 6) (Fig. 25B); ventrally with 4 subapical and 9–10 elongated scales, internally with 3 ciliate chaetae, 1 outer larger than the others (Fig. 25C); manubrial plate dorsally with 4–5 ciliated chaetae (2 inner larger than the others) and 3 psp, inner chaeta present or absent (Fig. 25D). Dens dorsally with an inner row of 21–29 spines subtly ciliated (holotype with 27 and 28) and an outer row of 20–34 spine-like mac ciliated (holotype with 28 and 30) (Fig. 25E). Mucro twice as long as its width and with 4 teeth, 3 (ap, v1, v2) in one dorsal row and 1 (il) on the inner side (as Fig. 18F).
Etymology. Refers to the body color with lateral spots present or absent (From Greek: pseudo –false, and Latin: and macula –spot) in adults of the new species (Fig. 21).
Type material. Holotype male in slide (INPA-CLL000120): Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva municipality, “Santa Terezinha” farm, forest near to cultivation of Citrus (Rutaceae), 02°40’15”S, 59°39’22”W (Fig. 26), 69 m., 27.ix.2013, Malaise trap, BG Oliveira coll. 4 paratypes: 2 females on slides (INPA-CLL000120), same date as holotype; 1 male (INPA-CLL000120) and 1 female on slides (CC / UFRN), same date as holotype, except “Aprisco Pásargada”, 02°42’26.6”S, 59°42’53.2”W, 45 m., 13.xii.2013.
Other examined material. 1 female on slide (INPA): Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus municipality, Reserva Ducke, L 4-2500, 02°57’03”S, 59°56’34”W (Fig. 26), 94 m., 15.ix–20.v.2006, Pitfall-trap, JLP Souza coll. 2 specimens in alcohol (INPA): ditto, except L8-3500, 02°59’05”S, 59°55’42”W, 66 m., 23.ix–04.xi.2014, T Vicente coll. 1 male on slide (INPA): “Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental”, in cultivation of conventional Guarana, 02°53’42.18”S, 59°59’10.58”W, 97 m., 23.ix.2012, Moerick, K Schoeninger coll. 1 male and 1 female on slides (INPA): Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), “Mini Campus”, 03°05’59”S, 59°58’17”W, 69 m., 22–27.viii.2012, Pitfall-trap, MBCS Graça & NG Cipola coll. 1 specimen in alcohol: Beruri municipality, Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) of “Igapó-Açu”, near to “Jará” river, 04°43’35”S, 61°24’02”W, 51 m., 17–19.viii.2013, Malaise trap, A Somavilla coll. 3 males on slides and 6 specimens in alcohol (INPA): Barcelos municipality, State Park of " Serra do Aracá ", in dry land, 01°30’24”N, 63°21’39”W, 108 m., 18.vii.2017, Pitfall-trap, FJF Pacaya coll.
Remarks. The body color pattern on coxae and Abd IV with lateral spots present in T. pseudomaculata sp. nov. superficially resembles T. laterolineata Soto-Adames, 2015 from Chiapas, México, but the new species differ by lateral spots on Th II to Abd II, and Abd IV laterally with 2 spots almost together, while in T. laterolineata is on coxae and collophore, and Abd IV laterally with 1 oval spot (see Soto-Adames, 2015: 10). Trogolaphysa pseudomaculata sp. nov. also differs from this species by head M4 and S5 mac present and A3 and Pm3 absent (opposite in T. laterolineata), labral papillae with 2 separate conical projections (sharing a Y-shaped basis in T. laterolineata), basomedian labial field devoid of extra chaeta (M3 present in T. laterolineata), Th II with 3 mac in p3 complex (6 in T. laterolineata), and dens outer row with 20–34 mac-like spines (9 in T. laterolineata). The general morphology of T. pseudomaculata sp. nov. is more similar to T. nigrocephala sp. nov. and T. nigrolineata sp. nov. Therefore, for comparisons among these species see the remarks of T. nigrocephala sp. nov. and Table 2.
description: Published as part of Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, Morais, José Wellington De & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2022, Survey of Trogolaphysa Mills (Collembola, Paronellidae) of the Brazilian Amazon including five new species and the description of the dorsal chaetotaxy of the first instar, pp. 251-295 in Zootaxa 5093 (3) on pages 278-283, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5093.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5909875