cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Circulation and Dissipation on Hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Li, Jason
name: Goodman, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many global circulation models predict supersonic zonal winds and large vertical shears in the atmospheres of short-period jovian exoplanets. Using linear analysis and nonlinear local simulations, we investigate hydrodynamic dissipation mechanisms to balance the thermal acceleration of these winds. The adiabatic Richardson criterion remains a good guide to linear stability, although thermal diffusion allows some modes to violate it at very long wavelengths and very low growth rates. Nonlinearly, wind speeds saturate at Mach numbers $\approx 2$ and Richardson numbers $\lesssim 1/4$ for a broad range of plausible diffusivities and forcing strengths. Turbulence and vertical mixing, though accompanied by weak shocks, dominate the dissipation, which appears to be the outcome of a recurrent Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. An explicit shear viscosity, as well as thermal diffusivity, is added to ZEUS to capture dissipation outside of shocks. The wind speed is not monotonic nor single valued for shear viscosities larger than about $10^{-3}$ of the sound speed times the pressure scale height. Coarsening the numerical resolution can also increase the speed. Hence global simulations that are incapable of representing vertical turbulence and shocks, either because of reduced physics or because of limited resolution, may overestimate wind speeds. We recommend that such simulations include artificial dissipation terms to control the Mach and Richardson numbers and to capture mechanical dissipation as heat.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures
Cosmic rays in galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields
Creators: name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Bykov, Andrei
name: Parizot, Etienne
name: Ptuskin, Vladimir
name: Watson, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review sources of cosmic rays, their composition and spectra as well as their propagation in the galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields, both regular and fluctuating. A special attention is paid to the recent results of the X-ray and gamma-ray observations that shed light on the origin of the galactic cosmic rays and the challenging results of Pierre Auger Observatory on the ultra high energy cosmic rays. The perspectives of both high energy astrophysics and cosmic-ray astronomy to identify the sources of ultra high energy cosmic rays, the mechanisms of particle acceleration, to measure the intergalactic radiation fields and to reveal the structure of magnetic fields of very different scales are outlined.
description: 42 pages, Space Science Reviews
Epstein-Barr-Virus - Ein klinisch relevanter Marker für das Nasopharynxkarzinom? = Epstein-Barr virus - a clinically relevant feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma? (author's transl.)
Creators: name: Wilmes, E.
name: Wolf, Hans J.
name: Deinhardt, F.
name: Naumann, H. H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Aged
subject: Antibodies, Viral/analysis
subject: Antibody Specificity
subject: Capsid/immunology
subject: Carcinoma/immunology
subject: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
subject: Female
subject: Fluorescent Antibody Technique
subject: Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology

description: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been linked to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) by seroepidemiological evidence and by the regular proof of EBV-DNA in the epithelial tumor cells. We have been able to study the serological parameters of 62 NPC patients of the local ENT-Clinic. All patients were kaukasians in contrast to a previous study by Henle et al. Our results emphasize the remarkable predominance of EBV-IgA antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA) in NPC patients and prove the value of the test for the initial diagnosis of the disease. Follow-up studies with subsequent serological tests strongly suggest that this test is related to the stage of the disease. We have also found NPC-typical serological EBV-IgA titers in 3 lymphoepithelial carcinomas of the tonsil and the soft palate. Similar titers have been found in two cases of poorly differentiated carcinomas of the base of the tongue. All these tumors arise in the lymphoepithelial tissue of Waldeyer's ring. We conclude that possibly some carcinomas of Waldeyer's ring are similarly related to EBV as nasopharyngeal carcinomas are.
Chemical Enrichment in the Faintest Galaxies: the Carbon and Iron Abundance Spreads in the Boötes I Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy and the Segue 1 System
Creators: name: Norris, John E.
name: Wyse, Rosemary F. G.
name: Gilmore, Gerard
name: Yong, David
name: Frebel, Anna
name: Wilkinson, Mark I.
name: Belokurov, V.
name: Zucker, Daniel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an AAOmega spectroscopic study of red giant stars in Bootes I, which is an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, and Segue 1, suggested to be either an extremely low-luminosity dwarf galaxy or a star cluster. Our focus is quantifying the mean abundance and abundance dispersion in iron and carbon, and searching for distant radial-velocity members, in these systems. The primary conclusion of our investigation is that the spread of carbon abundance in both Bootes I and Segue 1 is large. For Bootes I, 4 of our 16 velocity members have [C/H] < ~-3.1, while 2 have [C/H] > ~-2.3, suggesting a range of Delta[C/H] ~ 0.8. For Segue 1 there exists a range Delta[C/H] ~ 1.0, including our discovery of a star with [Fe/H] = -3.5 and [C/Fe] = +2.3, which is a radial velocity member at a distance of 4 half-light radii from the system center. The accompanying ranges in iron abundance are Delta[Fe/H] ~ 1.6 for both Bootes I and Segue 1. For [Fe/H] < -3.0, the Galaxy's dwarf galaxy satellites exhibit a dependence of [C/Fe] on [Fe/H] which is very similar to that observed in its halo populations. We find [C/Fe] ~ 0.3 for stars in the dwarf systems that we believe are the counterpart of the Spite et al. (2005) ``unmixed'' giants of the Galactic halo and for which they report [C/Fe] ~ 0.2, and which presumably represents the natal relative abundance of carbon for material with [Fe/H] = -3.0 to -4.0. We confirm the correlation between luminosity and both mean metallicity and abundance dispersion in the Galaxy's dwarf satellites, which extends to at least as faint as Mv = -5. The very low mean metallicity of Segue 1, and the high carbon dispersion in Bootes I, consistent with inhomogeneous chemical evolution in near zero-abundance gas, suggest these ultra-faint systems could be surviving examples of the very first bound systems.
description: 62 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal 9 June 2010
Telluride mineralogy at the Deer Horn Au-Ag-Te-(Bi-Pb-W) deposit, Lindquist Peak, west-central British Columbia : implications for the generation of tellurides
Creators: name: Roberts, Jordan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The Deer Horn property is located 150 km south of Smithers in west-central British Columbia and covers 51 km². The deposit is an intrusion-related polymetallic system enriched in Au-Ag-Te-W-Cu with lesser amounts of Bi-Pb-Zn-Mo; the Au and Ag are hosted in telluride minerals. The quartz-sulfide vein system containing the main zones of Au-Ag-Te mineralization and sericite alteration is found in the hanging wall of a local, spatially related thrust fault. The age of the sericite alteration is 56 ± 2 Ma. Biotite K-Ar ages of 57–48 Ma for the nearby Nanika granodiorite intrusive suite indicates that it is likely genetically responsible for the Au-Ag-Te mineralizing event. The telluride minerals are 0.1–525 μm and commonly form whole euhedral to subhedral grains or composite grains of Ag-, Bi-, Pb-, and Au-rich telluride minerals (e.g., hessite, tellurobismuthite, volynskite, altaite, and petzite). Panchromatic cathodoluminescence imaging revealed four generations of quartz. Locally, oscillatory zoning observed in quartz II suggests the participation of hydrothermal fluids. Fine-grained veinlets of quartz III and IV intersect quartz I and II, which is evidence of at least two shearing events; veinlets of calcite intersect all generations of quartz. Three types of fluid inclusions were observed: (1) aqueous liquid and vapour inclusions (L-V); (2) aqueous carbonic inclusions (L-L-V); and (3) carbonic inclusions (V-rich). Fluid inclusions that are thought to be primary or pseudosecondary and related to the telluride mineralization were tested with microthermometry. Homogenization temperatures are 130.0–240.5 °C for L-V inclusions and 268.0–336.4 °C for L-L-V inclusions. Four of eight aqueous carbonic inclusions had solid CO2 melting temperatures from –56.8 to –62.1 °C, indicating the presence of 0.5–13.2% dissolved methane in these inclusions. Sulfur isotope analysis of ³⁴S/³²S using 20 samples of pyrite was conducted. δ³⁴S readings are close to 0 (from –1.6 to 1.6 per mil) and confirm that the sulfur is very likely magmatic/igneous in origin.
Beiträge zur Bestimmung der früheren Ausdehnung der Flussthäler der schwäbischen Alb
Creators: name: Gugenhan, Max
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 56, 1900
Period doubling bifurcation and high-order resonances in RR Lyrae hydrodynamical models
Creators: name: Kolláth, Z.
name: Molnár, L.
name: Szabó, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated period doubling, a well-known phenomenon in dynamical systems, for the first time in RR Lyrae models. These studies provide theoretical background for the recent discovery of period doubling in some Blazhko RR Lyrae stars with the Kepler space telescope. Since period doubling was observed only in Blazhko-modulated stars so far, the phenomenon can help in the understanding of the modulation as well. Utilising the Florida-Budapest turbulent convective hydrodynamical code, we identified the phenomenon in radiative and convective models as well. A period-doubling cascade was also followed up to an eight-period solution confirming that the destabilisation of the limit cycle is indeed the underlying phenomenon. Floquet stability roots were calculated to investigate the possible causes and occurrences of the phenomenon. A two-dimensional diagnostic diagram was constructed to display the various resonances between the fundamental mode and the different overtones. Combining the two tools, we confirmed that the period-doubling instability is caused by a 9:2 resonance between the 9th overtone and the fundamental mode. Destabilisation of the limit cycle by a resonance of a high-order mode is possible because the overtone is a strange mode. The resonance is found to be sufficiently strong enough to shift the period of overtone with up to 10 percent. Our investigations suggest that a more complex interplay of radial (and presumably non-radial) modes could happen in RR Lyrae stars that might have connections with the Blazhko effect as well.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A New Type of Phosphorescent Nanospheres for Use in Advanced Time-Resolved Multiplexed Bioassays
Creators: name: Kürner, Jens M.
name: Klimant, Ingo
name: Krause, Christian
name: Pringsheim, Erika
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: multiplexing luminescence labels; phosphorescence; nanospheres; resonance energy transfer (RET); luminescence decay time
subject: 540 Chemie

description: A new concept to design phosphorescent nanospheres is presented. The spheres are distinguishable by their individual decay time and spectral distribution of their emission spectra. They are composed of a phosphorescent ruthenium metal–ligand complex (MLC) dissolved, along with certain strongly fluorescent cyanine dyes, in modified polyacrylonitrile-based nanospheres. Since the emission spectrum of the MLC overlaps the absorption spectrum of the cyanine and both the MLC (the donor) and the cyanine (the acceptor) are in close spatial proximity, efficient resonance energy transfer (RET) does occur. Thus, the nanospheres emit dual luminescence, one from the acceptor dye and the other from the donor MLC. Variation of the concentrations of the acceptor dye results in a varying efficiency of RET, thus making the spheres distinguishable. Hence, a set of multiplexable sphere labels is obtained by using one MLC (acting as the phosphorescent donor and present in constant concentration) and one acceptor dye (which varies in terms of both spectral properties and concentration). The nanospheres can be identified by the emission maximum (reflecting the kind of acceptor dye) and by decay time (reflecting its concentration). Since the same donor MLC is used throughout, all nanospheres can be excited with the same light source.
An experimental test of all theories with predictive power beyond quantum theory
Creators: name: Stuart, Terence E.
name: Slater, Joshua A.
name: Colbeck, Roger
name: Renner, Renato
name: Tittel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to quantum theory, the outcomes of future measurements cannot (in general) be predicted with certainty. In some cases, even with a complete physical description of the system to be measured and the measurement apparatus, the outcomes of certain measurements are completely random. This raises the question, originating in the paper by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, of whether quantum mechanics is the optimal way to predict measurement outcomes. Established arguments and experimental tests exclude a few specific alternative models. Here, we provide a complete answer to the above question, refuting any alternative theory with significantly more predictive power than quantum theory. More precisely, we perform various measurements on distant entangled photons, and, under the assumption that these measurements are chosen freely, we give an upper bound on how well any alternative theory could predict their outcomes. In particular, in the case where quantum mechanics predicts two equally likely outcomes, our results are incompatible with any theory in which the probability of a prediction is increased by more than ~0.19. Hence, we can immediately refute any already considered or yet-to-be-proposed alternative model with more predictive power than this.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Zanclodon-Schützii n. sp. aus dem Trigonodusdolomit von Hall
Creators: name: Fraas, Eberhard
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 56, 1900
Jet propulsion without inertia
Creators: name: Spagnolie, Saverio E.
name: Lauga, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A body immersed in a highly viscous fluid can locomote by drawing in and expelling fluid through pores at its surface. We consider this mechanism of jet propulsion without inertia in the case of spheroidal bodies, and derive both the swimming velocity and the hydrodynamic efficiency. Elementary examples are presented, and exact axisymmetric solutions for spherical, prolate spheroidal, and oblate spheroidal body shapes are provided. In each case, entirely and partially porous (i.e. jetting) surfaces are considered, and the optimal jetting flow profiles at the surface for maximizing the hydrodynamic efficiency are determined computationally. The maximal efficiency which may be achieved by a sphere using such jet propulsion is 12.5%, a significant improvement upon traditional flagella-based means of locomotion at zero Reynolds number. Unlike other swimming mechanisms which rely on the presentation of a small cross section in the direction of motion, the efficiency of a jetting body at low Reynolds number increases as the body becomes more oblate, and limits to approximately 162% in the case of a flat plate swimming along its axis of symmetry. Our results are discussed in the light of slime extrusion mechanisms occurring in many cyanobacteria.
Analysis of the Amino Acid Frequencies in the Receptor-Binding Domains of Six Human Coronaviruses
Creators: name: Shi, Cloris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The novel virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 is one of many human coronaviruses. These viruses use the receptor-binding domains of their spike protein to bind host receptors and enter cells. While SARS-CoV-2 uses the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, other coronaviruses use different host receptors. However, little research has been conducted comparing the biochemical properties of the receptor domain across species and variants of viruses. Here, this research seeks to answer the question: How does the receptor pathway a novel coronavirus uses affect the similarity of amino acid frequencies (in %) at its receptor-binding domain (RBD) to other existing coronaviruses? Amino acid sequences of viral isolates were collected from May 2003 to August 2020 from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Virus database, of which variants were sampled across six viral species. Alignment comparisons between isolates of a species and among different species were then performed. Among coronavirus species, polar uncharged amino acids were identified as uniquely conserved between species with the ACE2 pathway. The mean deviation for those viruses is 0.22%, compared to 3.33% across all six coronaviruses. This suggests the correlation of ACE-2 receptor usage with a signature biochemical distribution. These findings further present an algorithm to analyze the receptor pathway, critical amino acids, and biochemical distributions among variants for a novel coronavirus species. Further, the biochemistry of the RBDs for six human coronavirus species has been characterized, laying the groundwork for evolutionary and therapeutic research.
Determination of the activity of catalase using a europium(III)-tetracycline-derived fluorescent substrate
Creators: name: Wu, Meng
name: Lin, Zhihong
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Catalase; Europium; Tetracycline; Hydrogen peroxide
subject: 540 Chemie

description: A one-step method is described for the fluorometric determination of the activity of the enzyme catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.), based on the finding that H2O2 in the europium (III)-tetracycline-hydrogen peroxide system is consumed by catalase. This is accompanied by a large decrease in both fluorescence intensity and decay time. The limit of detection (LOD; at S/N=3) for catalase at 30 °C for a 10-min kinetic assay is 1.0 unit/mL, with a linear range from 1.0 to 10 unit/mL. At an incubation time of 30 min at 37 °C for a one-point assay, the LOD is 0.046 unit/mL, with a linear range from 46 to 400 munit/mL. The assay was performed on microtiterplates and is fully compatible with existing plate readers. It is a one-step, simple, and sensitive method suitable for both continuous kinetic and one-point detections, does not require the addition of other substrates, and works best at neutral pH (with an optimum at pH 6.9). The reagent has the typical spectral features of a europium-ligand complex including a large Stokes shift (210 nm), a red line-like emission (centered at 616 nm), and a decay time in the microsecond domain. It is also the first europium-based probe that is compatible with the 405-nm diode laser. In summary, the new assay provides distinct advantages over direct ultraviolet detection and over the two-reagent (peroxidase) method.
Analysis of the Amino Acid Frequencies in the Receptor-Binding Domains of Six Human Coronaviruses
Creators: name: Shi, Cloris
name: Li, James
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The novel virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 is one of many human coronaviruses. These viruses use the receptor-binding domains of their spike protein to bind host receptors and enter cells. While SARS-CoV-2 uses the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, other coronaviruses use different host receptors. However, little research has been conducted comparing the biochemical properties of the receptor domain across species and variants of viruses. Here, this research seeks to answer the question: How does the receptor pathway a novel coronavirus uses affect the similarity of amino acid frequencies (in %) at its receptor-binding domain (RBD) to other existing coronaviruses? Amino acid sequences of viral isolates were collected from May 2003 to August 2020 from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Virus database, of which variants were sampled across six viral species. Alignment comparisons between isolates of a species and among different species were then performed. Among coronavirus species, polar uncharged amino acids were identified as uniquely conserved between species with the ACE2 pathway. The mean deviation for those viruses is 0.22%, compared to 3.33% across all six coronaviruses. This suggests the correlation of ACE-2 receptor usage with a signature biochemical distribution. These findings further present an algorithm to analyze the receptor pathway, critical amino acids, and biochemical distributions among variants for a novel coronavirus species. Further, the biochemistry of the RBDs for six human coronavirus species has been characterized, laying the groundwork for evolutionary and therapeutic research.
Zambia Land-use Modelling Workshop (Nov '24) - Climate Compatible Growth
Creators: name: Cronin, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: climate change
land-use change
modelling
development pathways
agriculture
forestry

description: These slides were used in a workshop on the development of an Excel-based land-use model for Zambia, in Lusaka, 5th November 2024.

The workshop was hosted by researchers from the Centre for Energy, Environment and Engineering, Zambia (CEEEZ) and University College London (UCL), under the Climate Compatible Growth research programme. 

The workshop sought to validate the modelling approach, develop understanding of key dynamics and assumptions relevant to the modelling, and develop the network for research colaborations on the topic of land-use change. 

More information is available from the project team: jen.cronin@ucl.ac.uk and ceeez2015@gmail.com.

This material has been produced with support from the Climate Compatible Growth (CCG) programme. CCG is funded by UK AID from the UK Government. Views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the UK government's official policies.
An application of economic growth pole to improving the environmental and socio-economic aspects of artisanal gold mining in Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Compaore, Ivan A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is a poverty driven activity in many developing countries, associated with environmental and social degradation such as acid rock drainage, soil erosion, child labour, gambling, prostitution, alcoholism and social instability due to worker migration (Veiga et al., 2014a). Although ASM is an informal and illegal activity, it has been tolerated in developing countries because of its significant economic role in poverty reduction. Indeed, it has been estimated that about 100 million people across developing countries depend on artisanal mining for their livelihoods (World Bank, 2013) and Burkina Faso (located in West Africa) as a developing country is not spared the environment and socio-economic impacts related to ASM. The objectives of the model developed in this study are to mitigate the environmental impacts of artisanal mining while enhancing its socio-economic benefits. The developed model is based on the theory of an economic growth pole (EGP) and its concepts of inter-industry linkage, external economies, and agglomeration. This approach has found success in better and sustainable organization of the agricultural sector in Burkina Faso, where most of the small farmers were previously left alone to produce food without tools, proper regulation, finance and land titles. In this study, the economic and environmental factors affecting artisanal mining have been defined and analysed in order to apply them to the EGP model. The starting EGP model suggests that first a clean processing plant is required to generate sustainable growth, followed by a working organization to centralize activities and ensure better growth distribution for stakeholders (investors, miners, national authorities). As a theoretical approach toward the artisanal mining sector, there are no previous cases of the application of an economic growth pole. Therefore, this study discusses the feasibility of the model and its ability to tackle the impacts of artisanal mining. Importantly, the model tries to tackle the issues in artisanal mining by removing the financial restrictions for implementation of technological services at artisanal mining sites, and by providing a working organization for better distribution of revenues from technological service and for controlling the impacts of processing on the environment and health.
Decreased Frequency of Strong Bars in S0 Galaxies: Evidence for Secular Evolution?
Creators: name: Buta, R.
name: Laurikainen, E.
name: Salo, H.
name: Knapen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data from the Near-Infrared S0 Survey (NIRS0S) of nearby, early-type galaxies, we examine the distribution of bar strengths in S0 galaxies as compared to S0/a and Sa galaxies, and as compared to previously published bar strength data for Ohio State University Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey (OSUBSGS) spiral galaxies. Bar strengths based on the gravitational torque method are derived from 2.2 micron Ks-band images for a statistical sample of 138 (98 S0, 40 S0/a,Sa) galaxies having a mean total blue magnitude <= 12.5 and generally inclined less than 65 degrees. We find that S0 galaxies have weaker bars on average than spiral galaxies in general, even compared to their closest spiral counterparts, S0/a and Sa galaxies. The differences are significant and cannot be due entirely to uncertainties in the assumed vertical scale-heights or in the assumption of constant mass-to-light ratios. Part of the difference is likely due simply to the dilution of the bar torques by the higher mass bulges seen in S0s. If spiral galaxies accrete external gas, as advocated by Bournaud & Combes, then the fewer strong bars found among S0s imply a lack of gas accretion according to this theory. If S0s are stripped former spirals, or else are evolved from former spirals due to internal secular dynamical processes which deplete the gas as well as grow the bulges, then the weaker bars and the prevalence of lenses in S0 galaxies could further indicate that bar evolution continues to proceed during and even after gas depletion
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, September 2010 issue (LaTex, 29 pages + 3 figures, uses aastex.cls)
Static-light meson-meson potentials
Creators: name: Bali, Gunnar
name: Hetzenegger, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate potentials between pairs of static-light mesons in Nf=2 Lattice QCD, in different spin channels. The question of attraction and repulsion is particularly interesting with respect to the X(3872) charmonium state and charged candidates such as the Z+(4430). We employ the nonperturbatively improved Sheikholeslami-Wohlert fermion and the Wilson gauge actions at a lattice spacing a approx. 0.084 fm and a pseudoscalar mass mPS approx. 760 MeV. We use stochastic all-to-all propagator techniques, improved by a hopping parameter expansion. The analysis is based on the variational method, utilizing various source and sink interpolators.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Talk presented at the XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Lattice2010, Villasimius, Italy, June 2010
Über Zwergrassen bei Fischen und bei Felchen insbesondere
Creators: name: Klunzinger, Carl Benjamin
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 56, 1900
An Invariance Principle of G-Brownian Motion for the Law of the Iterated Logarithm under G-expectation
Creators: name: Wu, Panyu
name: Chen, Zengjing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F17, 60G50

description: The classical law of the iterated logarithm (LIL for short)as fundamental limit theorems in probability theory play an important role in the development of probability theory and its applications. Strassen (1964) extended LIL to large classes of functional random variables, it is well known as the invariance principle for LIL which provide an extremely powerful tool in probability and statistical inference. But recently many phenomena show that the linearity of probability is a limit for applications, for example in finance, statistics. As while a nonlinear expectation--- G-expectation has attracted extensive attentions of mathematicians and economists, more and more people began to study the nature of the G-expectation space. A natural question is: Can the classical invariance principle for LIL be generalized under G-expectation space? This paper gives a positive answer. We present the invariance principle of G-Brownian motion for the law of the iterated logarithm under G-expectation.
Mononuclear silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with benzimidazole-2-ylidene ligands: synthesis, crystal structure analyses and comparative antibacterial studies
Creators: name: Haziz, Umie Fatihah Mohamed
name: Haque, Rosenani A.
name: Abdullah, Amirul Al-Ashraf
name: Razali, Mohd R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The synthesis, characterization and antibacterial studies of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors and their respective silver(I)-NHC complexes are reported. Five non-symmetric benzimidazolium bromide salts were synthesized through the addition of N-alkylbenzimidazole and various alkylbromides. These n-butyl-n’-alkylbenzimidazolium bromide salts (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl) 1, 2 and 4–6 were further used as precursors to synthesize silver(I)-NHC complexes, 8, 9 and 11–13, respectively, via in situ deprotonation. In addition, 14 was synthesized from its reported precursor salt, 1-benzyl-3-butylbenzimidazolium bromide (7) through the same procedure. Complex 8 is present as monomeric cation in the form of [NHC-Ag-NHC]PF6, as illustrated by single crystal X-ray crystallography analyses. In order for a full series of antibacterial studies, 1-butyl-3-propylbenzimidazolium bromide, 3, and respective complex, 9, were synthesized according to the reported procedure. All benzimidazolium salts (1–7) and silver(I)-NHC complexes (8–14) were evaluated for antibacterial activities. All benzimidazolium salts show no antibacterial activities while all silver(I)-NHC complexes show lower activities against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12600) compared to the standard antibiotic drug Amoxicillin. Nevertheless, these mononuclear silver(I)-NHC complexes show lower antibacterial activities compared to the reported dinuclear silver(I)-NHC complexes with the same substituents in the ligands.
[Ag(Bipy)2]+ modified butterfly-like compound: synthesis, structure, and photo/electrocatalytic properties
Creators: name: Gong, Li-Ge
name: Wang, Chun-Xiao
name: Qi, Xian-Xian
name: Yu, Kai
name: Zhou, Bai-Bin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A [Ag (bipy)2]+ modified butterfly-like hybrid network stabilized by [AlW12O40]5- polyoxoanions, formulated as [Ag(bipy)2]8[{Ag(bipy)}{AlW12O40}]2 (1) (bipy = 2,2’-bipyridine), has been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by IR, XRD, TG, UV and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1, two [{Ag(bipy)}{AlW12O40}]4− polyanions form transverse units/longitudinal units through π-π stacking. The transverse units connect two adjacent longitudinal units by [Ag(bipy)2]+ to form a butterfly-like 1 D chain structure. Adjacent butterfly chains form a two-dimensional planar structure similar to the copper-like arrangement through supramolecular interactions of [AlW12O40]5− and [Ag(bipy)2]+. Further extension of the 2 D copper-like layers through supramolecular interaction gives a 3 D network. Compound 1 exhibits good charge transfer ability (R ct = 7.8Ω) and excellent electrocatalytic activity for H2O2 reduction. Compound 1 shows efficient degradation of RhB under ultraviolet light.
Hydrodynamics: Fluctuating Initial Conditions and Two-particle Correlations
Creators: name: Andrade, R. P. G.
name: Grassi, F.
name: Hama, Y.
name: Qian, W. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Event-by-event hydrodynamics (or hydrodynamics with fluctuating initial conditions) has been developed in the past few years. Here we discuss how it may help to understand the various structures observed in two-particle correlations.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, presented at the Workshop on Saturation, the Color Glass Condensate and Glasma: What Have we Learned from RHIC?
Noble guests in organic cages – encapsulation of noble gases by cryptophane
Creators: name: Ćoćić, Dušan
name: Puchta, Ralph
name: van Eldik, Rudi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: With the application of DFT calculations (ωB97XD/def2-SVP/SVPfit), the ability and mechanism of noble gas encapsulation by cryptophane was investigated. Based on the applied model reaction, by monitoring geometric changes and investigating the non-covalent interactions between the studied hosts and the noble gases, the size of the host did not necessarily play a decisive role in the selective encapsulation of the guests. Rather the adjustment of the host’s interior and functionalization of its “gates” can be significant in tuning the affinity of cryptophanes.
Bericht der Erbeben-Kommission über die vom 1. März 1899 bis 1. Mäerz 1900 in Württemberg und Hohenzollern beobachteten Erdbeben
Creators: name: Schmidt, August
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 56, 1900
Evidence for Helical Edge Modes in Inverted InAs/GaSb Quantum Wells
Creators: name: Knez, Ivan
name: Du, Rui-Rui
name: Sullivan, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental study of low temperature electronic transport in the hybridization gap of inverted InAs/GaSb composite quantum wells. Electrostatic gate is used to push the Fermi level into the gap regime, where the conductance as a function of sample length and width is measured. Our analysis shows strong evidence for the existence of helical edge modes proposed by Liu et al [Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 236601 (2008)]. Edge modes persist inspite of sizable bulk conduction and show only a weak magnetic field dependence - a direct consequence of gap opening away from zone center.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Design and synthesis of {CaCo3}-based sandwich-type polyoxometalate
Creators: name: Lan, Qing
name: Dou, Ting-Ting
name: Jin, Su-Juan
name: Zhang, Zhi-Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A {CaCo3}-containing sandwich-type polyoxometalate, Li2Na2Ca3(H2O)16{Co3(H2O)[Ca(H2O)5PW8O31](PW9O34)}·16.5H2O (1), was synthesized by using a trivacant phosphotungstate to react with Co2+ and Ca2+ by a conventional aqueous solution method. 1 was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, elemental analyses and TG analyses. Structural analysis reveals that 1 is composed of trivacant and a tetravacant phosphotungstates to trap a {Co3} cluster and a Ca2+ cation. The obtained sandwich-type polyoxoanion was further connected to form a two-dimensional expanded structure via the Ca2+ linkers. This work highlights an efficient method to simultaneously introduce both alkaline-earth and transition-metal cations into polyoxotungstates.
Race, Genetics, and Genetics Education
Creators: name: Donovan, Brian
name: Martschenko, Daphne
Publisher: name: Center for ELSI Resources and Analysis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ethics
subject: Science
subject: ELSI
subject: science communication
subject: racial essentialism
subject: prejudice
subject: genomics literacy

description: The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 opened up the floodgates of genetic data, ushering in rapid technological and scientific change. Today, the decreasing costs of genome sequencing are changing our understandings of human identity, especially racial identity. Yet, the influence of genetic science on conceptions of racial identity is not new. For over 100 years, genetic concepts have been deeply entwined with myths about inherent racial inferiority. Today, the science of genetics continues to be used in arguments to maintain or mitigate against structures that perpetuate racial oppression. Such arguments are based in the beliefs that people hold about the relationship between race and genetics. The content of those beliefs are influenced by many factors, such as the ‘geneticization’ of race within the academy, the growing popularity of direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and the prevalence of determinstic ideas about genes in American culture. Genetics education may also play a role in American racial thinking. A growing body of research indicates that formal and informal genetics education can influence how people conceptualize the relationship between race and genetics, for better or worse. This collection is a compilation of publications that explores what we know about: (1) the complex relationship between genetic beliefs, racial beliefs, and prejudice; and (2) how formal and informal genetics education influences genetic beliefs about race. The reading list draws upon scholarship from social psychology, sociology, science communications, and genetics education. The readings in the first section are intended to help readers construct an understanding of how individuals conceptualize race as a genetic category and the consequences of such conceptualizations. The readings in the second section will help readers, especially educators, understand how to teach genetics in order to increase genomics literacy and decrease racial prejudice. In summary, while the use of genetic concepts to validate prejudiced ideas about race persists today, there are effective educational approaches to counteracting prejudiced beliefs whose adoption should be broadly considered.
Atomic and molecular adsorption on transition-metal carbide (111) surfaces from density-functional theory: A trend study of surface electronic factors
Creators: name: Vojvodic, Aleksandra
name: Ruberto, Carlo
name: Lundqvist, Bengt I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study explores atomic and molecular adsorption on a number of early transition-metal carbides (TMC's) by means of density-functional theory calculations. Trend studies are conducted with respect to both period and group in the periodic table, choosing the substrates ScC, TiC, VC, ZrC, NbC, delta-MoC, TaC, and WC and the adsorbates H, B, C, N, O, F, NH, NH2, and NH3. Trends in adsorption strength are explained in terms of surface electronic factors, by correlating the calculated adsorption energy values with the calculated surface electronic structures. The results are rationalized with use of a concerted-coupling model (CCM), which has previously been applied succesfully to the description of adsorption on TiC(111) and TiN(111) surfaces [Solid State Commun. 141, 48 (2007)]. First, the clean TMC(111) surfaces are characterized by calculating surface energies, surface relaxations, Bader charges, and surface-localized densities of states (DOS's). Detailed comparisons between surface and bulk DOS's reveal the existence of transition-metal localized SR's (TMSR's) in the pseudogap and of several C-localized SR's (CSR's) in the upper valence band on all considered TMC(111) surfaces. Then, atomic and molecular adsorption energies, geometries, and charge transfers are presented. An analysis of the adsorbate-induced changes in surface DOS's reveals a presence of both adsorbate--TMSR and adsorbate--CSR's interactions, of varying strengths depending on the surface and the adsorbate. These variations are correlated to the variations in adsorption energies. The results are used to generalize the content and applications of the previously proposed CCM to this larger class of substrates and adsorbates. Implications for other classes of materials, for catalysis, and for other surface processes are discussed.
Bericht der Kommission für die pflanzengeographische Durchforschung Württembergs und Hohenzollern
Creators: name: Eichler, Julius
name: Gradmann, Robert
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg : zugl. Jahrbuch d. Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart
description: Bd. 56, 1900
Syntheses and catalytic properties of two new multi-manganese-substituted silicotungstates
Creators: name: Li, Huijie
name: Qin, Lin
name: Yao, Liao-Yuan
name: Lv, Hongjin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Transition-metal-substituted polyoxometalates have attracted attention due to their remarkable physicochemical properties and applications in many research areas. Two new multi-manganese-substituted silicotungstates, tetramer [{Mn3Cl(OH)3(SiO4)}4(SiW9O34)4]36- (1) and banana-shaped [((MnOH2)0.5Mn2SiW9O34)2(SiW6O26)]22- (2), were prepared under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, etc. Compound 1 comprises four {SiW9O34} fragments, one {Mn3Cl(OH)3}4 cluster and four {SiO4} groups; it can form a 1 D-chain by connecting [{Mn3Cl(OH)3(SiO4)}4(SiW9O34)4]36− cluster units with Na+ cations. Banana-shaped 2 consists of two {(MnIIOH2)0.5MnIII 2SiW9O34} fragments connected by a hexavacant {SiW6O26} motif, and it displays an interesting 3-D architecture by bridging banana-shaped [((MnIIOH2)0.5MnIII 2SiW9O34)2(SiW6O26)]18- polyanion with four-member Na-cluster. 3-D packing of 2 along the c-axis creates two types of elliptical channels with sizes of 7.86 Å × 13.35 Å and 16.03 Å × 25.28 Å, respectively. Also, while coupling with [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]+ as photosensitizer and triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial electron donor, both compounds show decent catalytic activity towards hydrogen production under visible LED light irradiation.
Dynamic Range Improvement of GMRT Low Frequency Images
Creators: name: Prasad, Peeyush
name: Subrahmanya, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper outlines some new observational and data processing techniques for enhancing the dynamic range of low frequency images obtained with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We illustrate new software tools developed to facilitate visibility editing and calibration as well as other preprocessing required to enhance the dynamic range of images from a planned survey.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Published in the Proceedings of The Low Frequency Radio Universe, an Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
Mechanical Properties of Graphene Papers
Creators: name: Liu, Yilun
name: Xie, Bo
name: Zhang, Zhong
name: Zheng, Quanshui
name: Xu, Zhiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene-based papers attract particular interests recently owing to their outstanding properties, the key of which is their layer-by-layer hierarchical structures similar to the biomaterials such as bone, teeth and nacre, combining intralayer strong sp2 bonds and interlayer crosslinks for efficient load transfer. Here we firstly study the mechanical properties of various interlayer and intralayer crosslinks via first-principles calculations and then perform continuum model analysis for the overall mechanical properties of graphene-based papers. We find that there is a characteristic length scale l_{0}, defined as \Sqrt{Dh_{0}/4G}, where D is the stiffness of the graphene sheet, h_{0} and G are the height of interlayer crosslink and shear modulus respectively. When the size of the graphene sheets exceeds 3l_{0}, the tension-shear (TS) chain model that are widely used for nanocomposites fails to predict the overall mechanical properties of the graphene-based papers. Instead we proposed here a deformable tension-shear (DTS) model by considering the elastic deformation of the graphene sheets, also the interlayer and intralayer crosslinks. The DTS is then applied to predict the mechanics of graphene-based paper materials under tensile loading. According to the results we thus obtain, optimal design strategies are provided for designing graphene papers with ultrahigh stiffness, strength and toughness.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures