cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional autoregulatory mechanism of metastasis-associated protein 1-alternative reading frame pathway in oncogenesis
Creators: name: Zhang, J.-X.
name: Ohshiro, K.
name: Pillai, M. R.
name: Li, D.-Q.
name: Moreno de Alboran, I.
name: Reddy, S. D. N.
name: Kumar, R.
name: Wang, L.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Pakala, S. B.
name: Eswaran, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Although metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a component of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation complex, is widely up-regulated in human cancers and correlates with tumor metastasis, its regulatory mechanism and related signaling pathways remain unknown. Here, we report a previously unrecognized bidirectional autoregulatory loop between MTA1 and tumor suppressor alternative reading frame (ARF). MTA1 transactivates ARF transcription by recruiting the transcription factor c-Jun onto the ARF promoter in a p53-independent manner. ARF, in turn, negatively regulates MTA1 expression independently of p53 and c-Myc. In this context, ARF interacts with transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) and promotes its proteasomal degradation by enhancing its interaction with proteasome subunit regulatory particle ATPase 6, thereby abrogating the ability of SP1 to stimulate MTA1 transcription. ARF also physically associates with MTA1 and affects its protein stability. Thus, MTA1-mediated activation of ARF and ARF-mediated functional inhibition of MTA1 represent a p53-independent bidirectional autoregulatory mechanism in which these two opposites act in concert to regulate cell homeostasis and oncogenesis, depending on the cellular context and the environment.
Circadian clock disruption improves the efficacy of chemotherapy through p73-mediated apoptosis
Creators: name: Lee, J. H.
name: Sancar, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The circadian clock in mammalian organisms is generated by a transcription–translation feedback loop that controls many biochemical pathways at the cellular level and physiology and behavior at the organismal level. Cryptochrome (Cry) is a key protein in the negative arm of the transcription–translation feedback loop. It has been found that Cry mutation in cells with p53-null genotype increased their sensitivity to apoptosis by genotoxic agents. Here we show that this increased sensitivity is due to up-regulation of the p53 gene family member p73 in response to DNA damage. As a consequence, when tumors arising from oncogenic Ras-transformed p53−/− and p53−/−Cry1−/−Cry2−/− cells are treated with the anticancer drug oxaliplatin, p53−/− tumors continue to grow whereas p53−/−Cry1−/−Cry2−/− tumors exhibit extensive apoptosis and stop growing. This finding provides a mechanistic foundation for overcoming the resistance of p53-deficient tumor cells to apoptosis induced by DNA-damaging agents and suggests that disruption of cryptochrome function may increase the sensitivity of tumors with p53 mutation to chemotherapy.
title: Oppressed, Empowered, Compatriot Woman: RAWA's Online Construction of Gendered Ideographs
Creators: name: Floyd, Heather L.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2009

description: In this paper, I define the ideograph and explain its central role in the strategic communication of two very different entities invested in the advancement of women' sights in Afghanistan: the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA), an Afghan feminist organization, and the Bush Administration, during the early years of the war in Afghanistan. I employ the rhetorical conceptions of Lloyd Bitzer (1966) and Richard Vatz (1999) to explore the Bush Administration's and RAWA's intentions by analyzing textual and visual ideographs in the context of the rhetorical situation.

In its mission and goals, RAWA repeatedly champions women as vital partners in nation-building and rejects occupation by foreign military forces. Despite this, RAWA continues to represent Afghan women online as powerless, voiceless, and dependent on the external assistance that only American intervention can provide. The contradiction undermines RAWA's long-term objectives for secular democracy, women's rights, and national liberation.

Bush and RAWA both rely heavily on the ideograph —a textual or visual invocation of the Afghan woman as a faceless, voiceless victim—in order to create emotional appeals directed to American donors. RAWA uses as a short-term humanitarian strategy to raise funds. Other ideographs use reinforce the ideology of &oppressed woman& to gain American sympathy and therefore fund RAWA's short-term humanitarian initiatives.

Introducing , an alternative ideograph of Afghan women that can be used in conjunction with its current humanitarian appeals—one in which they are politically active, equal to men, and co-shapers of their homes and communities— does more to promote RAWA's long-term goals. However, deeply rooted cultural suspicions against RAWA's association with the West make introducing &compatriot woman& an unadvisable task for RAWA. Rather, its cultivation in mainstream Afghan society would allow it to build the shared cultural meaning it needs to reach the status of an ideograph. Only then could RAWA use this culturally recognizable representation of Afghan women to balance the rhetoric on its Web site and corroborate the claims it makes there in terms of the organization's long-term goals.
Denoising of 3D MR images using a voxel-wise hybrid residual MLP-CNN model to improve small lesion diagnostic confidence
Creators: name: Yang, Haibo
name: Zhang, Shengjie
name: Han, Xiaoyang
name: Zhao, Botao
name: Ren, Yan
name: Sheng, Yaru
name: Zhang, Xiao-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Small lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images are crucial for clinical diagnosis of many kinds of diseases. However, the MRI quality can be easily degraded by various noise, which can greatly affect the accuracy of diagnosis of small lesion. Although some methods for denoising MR images have been proposed, task-specific denoising methods for improving the diagnosis confidence of small lesions are lacking. In this work, we propose a voxel-wise hybrid residual MLP-CNN model to denoise three-dimensional (3D) MR images with small lesions. We combine basic deep learning architecture, MLP and CNN, to obtain an appropriate inherent bias for the image denoising and integrate each output layers in MLP and CNN by adding residual connections to leverage long-range information. We evaluate the proposed method on 720 T2-FLAIR brain images with small lesions at different noise levels. The results show the superiority of our method in both quantitative and visual evaluations on testing dataset compared to state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, two experienced radiologists agreed that at moderate and high noise levels, our method outperforms other methods in terms of recovery of small lesions and overall image denoising quality. The implementation of our method is available at https://github.com/laowangbobo/Residual_MLP_CNN_Mixer.
description: accepted by MICCAI 2022
Combination therapy utilizing shRNA knockdown and an optimized resistant transgene for rescue of diseases caused by misfolded proteins
Creators: name: Gray, S. J.
name: Li, C.
name: Samulski, R. J.
name: Weinberg, M. S.
name: Xiao, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Molecular knockdown of disease proteins and restoration of wild-type activity represent a promising but challenging strategy for the treatment of diseases that result from the accumulation of misfolded proteins (i.e., Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and α-1 antitrypsin deficiency). In this study we used alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency with the piZZ mutant phenotype as a model system to evaluate the efficiency of gene-delivery approaches that both silence the piZZ transcript (e.g., shRNA) and restore circulating wild-type AAT expression from resistant codon-optimized AAT (AAT-opt) transgene cassette using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector delivery. After systemic injection of a self-complimentary AAV serotype 8 (scAAV8) vector encoding shRNA in piZZ transgenic mice, both mutant AAT mRNA in the liver and defected serum protein level were inhibited by 95%, whereas liver pathology, as monitored by dPAS and fibrosis staining, reversed. To restore blood AAT levels in AAV8/shRNA-treated mice, several strategies to restore functional AAT levels were tested, including using AAV AAT-opt transgene cassettes targeted to muscle and liver, or combination vectors carrying piZZ shRNA and AAT-opt transgenes separately, or a single bicistronic AAV vector. With these molecular approaches, we observed over 90% knockdown of mutant AAT with a 13- to 30-fold increase of circulating wild-type AAT protein from the shRNA-resistant AAT-opt cassette. The molecular approaches applied in this study can simultaneously prevent liver pathology and restore blood AAT concentration in AAT deficiencies. Based on these observations, similar gene-therapy strategies could be considered for any diseases caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins.
Taskmaster activity slides template
Creators: name: Gillaspy, Emma
name: Spencer, Gemma
Publisher: name: National Teaching Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 460706
subject: Serious games

description: This slide deck (with instructions and further details in the notes) can be used to create a Taskmaster game to use with students and other audiences. It was created for a HE staff away day.
The use of the Biorthogonal Decomposition for the identification of zonal flows at TJ-II
Creators: name: van Milligen, B. Ph.
name: Sánchez, E.
name: Alonso, A.
name: Pedrosa, M. A.
name: Hidalgo, C.
name: de Aguilera, A. Martín
name: Fraguas, A. López
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work addresses the identification of zonal flows in fusion plasmas. Zonal flows are large scale phenomena, hence multipoint measurements taken at remote locations are required for their identification. Given such data, the Biorthogonal Decomposition (or Singular Value Decomposition) is capable of extracting the globally correlated component of the multipoint fluctuations. By using a novel quadrature technique based on the Hilbert transform, propagating global modes (such as MHD modes) can be distinguished from the non-propagating, synchronous (zonal flow-like) global component. The combination of these techniques with further information such as the spectrogram and the spatial structure then allows an unambiguous identification of the zonal flow component of the fluctuations. The technique is tested using gyro-kinetic simulations. The first unambiguous identification of a zonal flow at the TJ-II stellarator is presented, based on multipoint Langmuir probe measurements.
description: 26 pages, 17 figures
Uplink Performance of RIS-aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO System Over Spatially Correlated Channels
Creators: name: Shi, Enyu
name: Zhang, Jiayi
name: Wang, Zhe
name: Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan
name: Ai, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider a practical spatially correlated reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) system with multi-antenna access points (APs) over spatially correlated Rician fading channels. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimator is adopted to estimate the aggregated RIS channels. Then, we investigate the uplink spectral efficiency (SE) with the maximum ratio (MR) and the local minimum mean squared error (L-MMSE) combining at the APs and obtain the closed-form expression for characterizing the performance of the former. The accuracy of our derived analytical results has been verified by extensive Monte-Carlo simulations. Our results show that increasing the number of RIS elements is always beneficial, but with diminishing returns when the number of RIS elements is sufficiently large. Furthermore, the effect of the number of AP antennas on system performance is more pronounced under a small number of RIS elements, while the spatial correlation of RIS elements imposes a more severe negative impact on the system performance than that of the AP antennas.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Computational design of a symmetric homodimer using  -strand assembly
Creators: name: Stranges, P. B.
name: Machius, M.
name: Miley, M. J.
name: Tripathy, A.
name: Kuhlman, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Computational design of novel protein–protein interfaces is a test of our understanding of protein interactions and has the potential to allow modification of cellular physiology. Methods for designing high-affinity interactions that adopt a predetermined binding mode have proved elusive, suggesting the need for new strategies that simplify the design process. A solvent-exposed backbone on a β-strand is thought of as “sticky” and β-strand pairing stabilizes many naturally occurring protein complexes. Here, we computationally redesign a monomeric protein to form a symmetric homodimer by pairing exposed β-strands to form an intermolecular β-sheet. A crystal structure of the designed complex closely matches the computational model (rmsd = 1.0 Å). This work demonstrates that β-strand pairing can be used to computationally design new interactions with high accuracy.
Electrostatics of solvated systems in periodic boundary conditions
Creators: name: Andreussi, Oliviero
name: Marzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuum solvation methods can provide an accurate and inexpensive embedding of quantum simulations in liquid or complex dielectric environments. Notwithstanding a long history and manifold applications to isolated systems in open boundary conditions, their extension to materials simulations --- typically entailing periodic-boundary conditions --- is very recent, and special care is needed to address correctly the electrostatic terms. We discuss here how periodic-boundary corrections developed for systems in vacuum should be modified to take into account solvent effects, using as a general framework the self-consistent continuum solvation model developed within plane-wave density-functional theory [O. Andreussi et al. J. Chem. Phys. 136, 064102 (2012)]. A comprehensive discussion of real-space and reciprocal-space corrective approaches is presented, together with an assessment of their ability to remove electrostatic interactions between periodic replicas. Numerical results for zero-dimensional and two-dimensional charged systems highlight the effectiveness of the different suggestions, and underline the importance of a proper treatement of electrostatic interactions in first-principles studies of charged systems in solution.
Protein unfolding and refolding as transitions through virtual states
Creators: name: Bonilla, L. L.
name: Carpio, A.
name: Prados, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-molecule atomic force spectroscopy probes elastic properties of titin, ubiquitin and other relevant proteins. We explain bioprotein folding dynamics under both length- and force-clamp by modeling polyprotein modules as particles in a bistable potential, weakly connected by harmonic spring linkers. Multistability of equilibrium extensions provides the characteristic sawtooth force-extension curve. We show that abrupt or stepwise unfolding and refolding under force-clamp conditions involve transitions through virtual states (which are quasi-stationary domain configurations) modified by thermal noise. These predictions agree with experimental observations.
description: 6 pages, accepted for publication in EPL http://iopscience.iop.org/epl
Concerted electron-proton transfer in the optical excitation of hydrogen-bonded dyes
Creators: name: Miller, S. A.
name: Bettis, S. E.
name: Papanikolas, J. M.
name: Concepcion, J. J.
name: Forbes, M. D. E.
name: Moran, A. M.
name: Westlake, B. C.
name: Lebedeva, N. V.
name: Meyer, T. J.
name: Brennaman, M. K.
name: Paul, J. J.
name: Hampton, S. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The simultaneous, concerted transfer of electrons and protons—electron-proton transfer (EPT)—is an important mechanism utilized in chemistry and biology to avoid high energy intermediates. There are many examples of thermally activated EPT in ground-state reactions and in excited states following photoexcitation and thermal relaxation. Here we report application of ultrafast excitation with absorption and Raman monitoring to detect a photochemically driven EPT process (photo-EPT). In this process, both electrons and protons are transferred during the absorption of a photon. Photo-EPT is induced by intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) excitation of hydrogen-bonded-base adducts with either a coumarin dye or 4-nitro-4′-biphenylphenol. Femtosecond transient absorption spectral measurements following ICT excitation reveal the appearance of two spectroscopically distinct states having different dynamical signatures. One of these states corresponds to a conventional ICT excited state in which the transferring H+ is initially associated with the proton donor. Proton transfer to the base (B) then occurs on the picosecond time scale. The other state is an ICT-EPT photoproduct. Upon excitation it forms initially in the nuclear configuration of the ground state by application of the Franck–Condon principle. However, due to the change in electronic configuration induced by the transition, excitation is accompanied by proton transfer with the protonated base formed with a highly elongated +H─B bond. Coherent Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of a vibrational mode corresponding to the protonated base in the optically prepared state.
INTEGRATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING ON MATHEMATICS TEACHING AND LEARNING IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN ENUGU STATE
Creators: name: Odoh,, Cornelius Ekene Ph. D
name: Onoh,, David Onyemaechi Ph. D
name: Ogbozor,, Grace Ph. D
Publisher: name: ZAP Journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: Education, Cloud, Computing, Mathematics, and Internet.

description: This study investigated the integration of cloud computing in mathematics teaching and learning in public universities in Enugu State. Cloud computing is an Internet-based facility that allows users to access shared computer applications, storage, and resources through a network of remote servers. Service users access the Internet using computers, laptops, or mobile phones. The research design adopted for this study is a descriptive survey research design. This study was carried out in Enugu State. Three research questions and one research hypothesis guided the study. A sample of 50 Mathematics education students and lecturers was used using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. The reliability was done using Cronbach alpha reliability which was obtained as 0.87. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. This study adopted a survey design. The findings reveal that the integration of clouds in mathematics education significantly impacts cost-effectiveness, enhanced availability, increased operability, and so on. The study recommends that computing power provided by the cloud allows students to extend mathematics learning beyond the walls of the classroom, thereby offering the learner’s participation and control of the learning process
Control of skin cancer by the circadian rhythm
Creators: name: Gaddameedhi, S.
name: Smart, R. C.
name: Kaufmann, W. K.
name: Sancar, A.
name: Selby, C. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The main cause of this cancer is DNA damage induced by the UV component of sunlight. In humans and mice, UV damage is removed by the nucleotide excision repair system. Here, we report that a rate-limiting subunit of excision repair, the xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein, and the excision repair rate exhibit daily rhythmicity in mouse skin, with a minimum in the morning and a maximum in the afternoon/evening. In parallel with the rhythmicity of repair rate, we find that mice exposed to UV radiation (UVR) at 4:00 AM display a decreased latency and about a fivefold increased multiplicity of skin cancer (invasive squamous cell carcinoma) than mice exposed to UVR at 4:00 PM. We conclude that time of day of exposure to UVR is a contributing factor to its carcinogenicity in mice, and possibly in humans.
Direct involvement of leucine-rich repeats in assembling ligand-triggered receptor-coreceptor complexes
Creators: name: Belkhadir, Y.
name: Dangl, J. L.
name: Jaillais, Y.
name: Chory, J.
name: Balsemao-Pires, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Receptor kinases with leucine-rich repeat (LRR) extracellular domains form the largest family of receptors in plants. In the few cases for which there is mechanistic information, ligand binding in the extracellular domain often triggers the recruitment of a LRR-coreceptor kinase. The current model proposes that this recruitment is mediated by their respective kinase domains. Here, we show that the extracellular LRR domain of BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1), a coreceptor involved in the disparate processes of cell surface steroid signaling and immunity in plants, is critical for its association with specific ligand-binding LRR-containing receptors. The LRRs of BAK1 thus serve as a platform for the molecular assembly of signal-competent receptors. We propose that this mechanism represents a paradigm for LRR receptor activation in plants.
Bridging Borders and Cultures: Insights from Internationalisation and Localisation for Open Sources in the Turing Way, The Carpentries and the Open Science Community Saudi Arabia,
Creators: name: Nitta, Joel
name: Almarzouq, Batool
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This abstract aims to present the ongoing work and progress of three organisations - The Turing Way, the Open Science Community Saudi Arabia, and The Carpentries - as they implement the crucial task of internationalisation and localisation of their open-source resources. The global open-source movement seeks greater inclusivity, making it essential to adapt projects to cater to diverse linguistic and cultural needs.
To tackle language-specific nuances and technical terminology gaps, these organisations are implementing Translation Management Systems such as Transifex and Crowdin. These platforms facilitate peer review, enabling efficient collaborative translations akin to code development workflows. Clear communication within these systems streamlines processes, mitigating volunteer burnout and frustrations associated with manual approaches.
Moreover, recognising the significance of culturally relevant translations, the organisations encourage contextualisation and establishment of shared glossaries maintained by native speakers. This approach significantly enhancines the accuracy and cultural sensitivity of the translated materials, reinforcing the commitment to inclusivity.
The pivotal role of volunteers in the success of these efforts is being formally acknowledged, further strengthening the sense of community and motivation among contributors, thus promoting sustained engagement.
The collective experiences of the Open Science Community Saudi Arabia, Turing Way, and The Carpentries underscores the transformative potential of Translation Management Systems in enabling scalable and collaborative multilingual resources. By embracing these insights, the broader open-source community can foster a more inclusive and culturally-aware ecosystem, ensuring open knowledge reaches every corner of the world. This work remains ongoing, and the organisations are continually refining their approaches to achieve greater effectiveness and impact.
Quantum spin chains with frustration due to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions
Creators: name: Hälg, Manuel
name: Lorenz, Wolfram E. A.
name: Povarov, Kirill Yu.
name: Månsson, Martin
name: Skourski, Yurii
name: Zheludev, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of two quantum spin chain materials, K$_2$CuSO$_4$Cl$_2$ and K$_2$CuSO$_4$Br$_2$, are studied by a variety of experimental techniques, including bulk measurements, neutron spectroscopy and ESR. The hierarchy of relevant terms in the magnetic Hamiltonian is established. It is shown that these two compounds feature substantial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions that are uniform within each chain, but antiparallel in adjacent chains. The result is a peculiar type of frustration of inter-chain interactions, which leads to an unusual field-temperature phase diagram.
Discovery of  -Arrestin-Biased Dopamine D2 Ligands for Probing Signal Transduction Pathways Essential for Antipsychotic Efficacy
Creators: name: Setola, V.
name: Jensen, N. H.
name: Jin, J.
name: Feng, B.
name: Wetsel, W. C.
name: Frye, S. V.
name: Caron, M. G.
name: Chen, M.
name: Roth, B. L.
name: Allen, J. A.
name: Yadav, P. N.
name: Bai, X.
name: Sassano, M. F.
name: Yost, J. M.
name: Chen, X.
name: Peterson, S.
name: Javitch, J. A.
name: Che, X.
name: Huang, X.-p.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Elucidating the key signal transduction pathways essential for both antipsychotic efficacy and side-effect profiles is essential for developing safer and more effective therapies. Recent work has highlighted noncanonical modes of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) signaling via β-arrestins as being important for the therapeutic actions of both antipsychotic and antimanic agents. We thus sought to create unique D2R agonists that display signaling bias via β-arrestin–ergic signaling. Through a robust diversity-oriented modification of the scaffold represented by aripiprazole (1), we discovered UNC9975 (2), UNC0006 (3), and UNC9994 (4) as unprecedented β-arrestin–biased D2R ligands. These compounds also represent unprecedented β-arrestin–biased ligands for a Gi-coupled G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR). Significantly, UNC9975, UNC0006, and UNC9994 are simultaneously antagonists of Gi-regulated cAMP production and partial agonists for D2R/β-arrestin-2 interactions. Importantly, UNC9975 displayed potent antipsychotic-like activity without inducing motoric side effects in inbred C57BL/6 mice in vivo. Genetic deletion of β-arrestin-2 simultaneously attenuated the antipsychotic actions of UNC9975 and transformed it into a typical antipsychotic drug with a high propensity to induce catalepsy. Similarly, the antipsychotic-like activity displayed by UNC9994, an extremely β-arrestin–biased D2R agonist, in wild-type mice was completely abolished in β-arrestin-2 knockout mice. Taken together, our results suggest that β-arrestin signaling and recruitment can be simultaneously a significant contributor to antipsychotic efficacy and protective against motoric side effects. These functionally selective, β-arrestin–biased D2R ligands represent valuable chemical probes for further investigations of D2R signaling in health and disease.
Low-frequency quantum sensing
Creators: name: Herbschleb, E. D.
name: Ohki, I.
name: Morita, K.
name: Yoshii, Y.
name: Kato, H.
name: Makino, T.
name: Yamasaki, S.
name: Mizuochi, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exquisite sensitivities are a prominent advantage of quantum sensors. Ramsey sequences allow precise measurement of direct current fields, while Hahn-echo-like sequences measure alternating current fields. However, the latter are restrained for use with high-frequency fields (above approximately $1$ kHz) due to finite coherence times, leaving less-sensitive noncoherent methods for the low-frequency range. In this paper, we propose to bridge the gap with a fitting-based algorithm with a frequency-independent sensitivity to coherently measure low-frequency fields. As the algorithm benefits from coherence-based measurements, its demonstration with a single nitrogen-vacancy center gives a sensitivity of $9.4$ nT Hz$^{-0.5}$ for frequencies below about $0.6$ kHz down to near-constant fields. To inspect the potential in various scenarios, we apply the algorithm at a background field of tens of nTs, and we measure low-frequency signals via synchronization.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; supp 14 pages, 9 figures
On the prolate spheroidal wave functions and Hardy's uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Pauwels, Elmar
name: de Gosson, Maurice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33E10, 42B10, 94A12

description: We prove a weak version of Hardy's uncertainty principle using properties of the prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs). We describe the eigenvalues of the sum of a time limiting operator and a band limiting operator acting on L2(R). A weak version of Hardy's uncertainty principle follows from the asymptotic behavior of the largest eigenvalue as the time limit and the band limit approach infinity. An asymptotic formula for this eigenvalue is obtained from its well-known counterpart for the prolate integral operator.
Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain networks during learning
Creators: name: Carlson, J. M.
name: Bassett, D. S.
name: Porter, M. A.
name: Mucha, P. J.
name: Grafton, S. T.
name: Wymbs, N. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Human learning is a complex phenomenon requiring flexibility to adapt existing brain function and precision in selecting new neurophysiological activities to drive desired behavior. These two attributes—flexibility and selection—must operate over multiple temporal scales as performance of a skill changes from being slow and challenging to being fast and automatic. Such selective adaptability is naturally provided by modular structure, which plays a critical role in evolution, development, and optimal network function. Using functional connectivity measurements of brain activity acquired from initial training through mastery of a simple motor skill, we investigate the role of modularity in human learning by identifying dynamic changes of modular organization spanning multiple temporal scales. Our results indicate that flexibility, which we measure by the allegiance of nodes to modules, in one experimental session predicts the relative amount of learning in a future session. We also develop a general statistical framework for the identification of modular architectures in evolving systems, which is broadly applicable to disciplines where network adaptability is crucial to the understanding of system performance.
Origin and Acceleration of Insoluble Li2S2−Li2S Reduction Catalysis in Ferromagnetic Atoms‐based Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Cathodes
Creators: name: Yan, Rui
name: Zhao, Zhenyang
name: Cheng, Menghao
name: Yang, Zhao
name: Cheng, Chong
name: Liu, Xikui
name: Yin, Bo
name: Li, Shuang
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: energy storage
subject: ferromagnetic element
subject: insoluble Li2S2−Li2S reduction
subject: lithium-sulfur battery
subject: polar single-atom catalysts

description: Accelerating insoluble Li2S2−Li2S reduction catalysis to mitigate the shuttle effect has emerged as an innovative paradigm for high‐efficient lithium‐sulfur battery cathodes, such as single‐atom catalysts by offering high‐density active sites to realize in situ reaction with solid Li2S2. However, the profound origin of diverse single‐atom species on solid‐solid sulfur reduction catalysis and modulation principles remains ambiguous. Here we disclose the fundamental origin of Li2S2−Li2S reduction catalysis in ferromagnetic elements‐based single‐atom materials to be from their spin density and magnetic moments. The experimental and theoretical studies disclose that the Fe−N4‐based cathodes exhibit the fastest deposition kinetics of Li2S (226 mAh g−1) and the lowest thermodynamic energy barriers (0.56 eV). We believe that the accelerated Li2S2−Li2S reduction catalysis enabled via spin polarization of ferromagnetic atoms provides practical opportunities towards long‐life batteries.
Dynamics and mechanism of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair by DNA photolyase
Creators: name: Sancar, A.
name: Wang, L.
name: Li, J.
name: Guo, X.
name: Kao, Y.-T.
name: Zhong, D.
name: Tan, C.
name: Liu, Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Photolyase uses blue light to restore the major ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), to two normal bases by splitting the cyclobutane ring. Our earlier studies showed that the overall repair is completed in 700 ps through a cyclic electron-transfer radical mechanism. However, the two fundamental processes, electron-tunneling pathways and cyclobutane ring splitting, were not resolved. Here, we use ultrafast UV absorption spectroscopy to show that the CPD splits in two sequential steps within 90 ps and the electron tunnels between the cofactor and substrate through a remarkable route with an intervening adenine. Site-directed mutagenesis reveals that the active-site residues are critical to achieving high repair efficiency, a unique electrostatic environment to optimize the redox potentials and local flexibility, and thus balance all catalytic reactions to maximize enzyme activity. These key findings reveal the complete spatio-temporal molecular picture of CPD repair by photolyase and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of the enzyme’s high repair efficiency.
Measure concentration and the Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Yserentant, Harry
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik
subject: Schrödinger equation
subject: measure concentration
subject: higher-dimensional functions
subject: electron-electron interaction potential

description: This talk pursued the aim to represent the solutions of the electronic Schrödinger equation as traces of higher‐dimensional functions. This allows to decouple the electron‐electron interaction potential but comes at the price of a degenerate elliptic operator replacing the Laplace operator on the higher‐dimensional space. The surprising observation is that this operator can without much loss again be substituted by the Laplace operator, the more successful the larger the system under consideration is. This is due to a nontrivial concentration of measure phenomenon that has much to do with the random projection theorem known from probability theory and can, for example, serve as a building block for the construction of iterative methods that map sums of products of orbitals and geminals onto functions of the same type.
Expanded functions for a family of plant intracellular immune receptors beyond specific recognition of pathogen effectors
Creators: name: Tang, S.
name: Stallmann, A.
name: Roberts, M.
name: Dangl, J. L.
name: Bonardi, V.
name: Cherkis, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Plants and animals deploy intracellular immune receptors that perceive specific pathogen effector proteins and microbial products delivered into the host cell. We demonstrate that the ADR1 family of Arabidopsis nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) receptors regulates accumulation of the defense hormone salicylic acid during three different types of immune response: (i) ADRs are required as “helper NB-LRRs” to transduce signals downstream of specific NB-LRR receptor activation during effector-triggered immunity; (ii) ADRs are required for basal defense against virulent pathogens; and (iii) ADRs regulate microbial-associated molecular pattern-dependent salicylic acid accumulation induced by infection with a disarmed pathogen. Remarkably, these functions do not require an intact P-loop motif for at least one ADR1 family member. Our results suggest that some NB-LRR proteins can serve additional functions beyond canonical, P-loop–dependent activation by specific virulence effectors, extending analogies between intracellular innate immune receptor function from plants and animals.
Insertion domain within mammalian mitochondrial translation initiation factor 2 serves the role of eubacterial initiation factor 1
Creators: name: Elmore, K.
name: Spremulli, L. L.
name: Haque, M. E.
name: Agrawal, R. K.
name: Banavali, N. K.
name: Yassin, A. S.
name: Datta, P. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Mitochondria have their own translational machineries for the synthesis of thirteen polypeptide chains that are components of the complexes that participate in the process of oxidative phosphorylation (or ATP generation). Translation initiation in mammalian mitochondria requires two initiation factors, IF2mt and IF3mt, instead of the three that are present in eubacteria. The mammalian IF2mt possesses a unique 37 amino acid insertion domain, which is known to be important for the formation of the translation initiation complex. We have obtained a three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopic map of the mammalian IF2mt in complex with initiator and the eubacterial ribosome. We find that the 37 amino acid insertion domain interacts with the same binding site on the ribosome that would be occupied by the eubacterial initiation factor IF1, which is absent in mitochondria. Our finding suggests that the insertion domain of IF2mt mimics the function of eubacterial IF1, by blocking the ribosomal aminoacyl-tRNA binding site (A site) at the initiation step.
Mitochondrial DNA polymerase editing mutation, PolgD257A, reduces the diabetic phenotype of Akita male mice by suppressing appetite
Creators: name: Reddick, R. L.
name: Kujoth, G. C.
name: Wada, Y.
name: Prolla, T. A.
name: Maeda, N.
name: Kim, H.-S.
name: Fox, R.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Tsutsumi, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Diabetes and the development of its complications have been associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dysfunction, but causal relationships remain undetermined. With the objective of testing whether increased mtDNA mutations exacerbate the diabetic phenotype, we have compared mice heterozygous for the Akita diabetogenic mutation (Akita) with mice homozygous for the D257A mutation in mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (Polg) or with mice having both mutations (Polg-Akita). The Polg-D257A protein is defective in proofreading and increases mtDNA mutations. At 3 mo of age, the Polg-Akita and Akita male mice were equally hyperglycemic. Unexpectedly, as the Polg-Akita males aged to 9 mo, their diabetic symptoms decreased. Thus, their hyperglycemia, hyperphagia and urine output declined significantly. The decrease in their food intake was accompanied by increased plasma leptin and decreased plasma ghrelin, while hypothalamic expression of the orexic gene, neuropeptide Y, was lower and expression of the anorexic gene, proopiomelanocortin, was higher. Testis function progressively worsened with age in the double mutants, and plasma testosterone levels in 9-mo-old Polg-Akita males were significantly reduced compared with Akita males. The hyperglycemia and hyperphagia returned in aged Polg-Akita males after testosterone administration. Hyperglycemia-associated distal tubular damage in the kidney also returned, and Polg-D257A-associated proximal tubular damage was enhanced. The mild diabetes of female Akita mice was not affected by the Polg-D257A mutation. We conclude that reduced diabetic symptoms of aging Polg-Akita males results from appetite suppression triggered by decreased testosterone associated with damage to the Leydig cells of the testis.
Interface control of ferroelectricity in LaNiO3-BaTiO3 superlattices
Creators: name: Wu, Yin-Zhong
name: Lu, Hai-Shuang
name: Cai, Tian-Yi
name: Ju, Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LaNiO$_{3}$-BaTiO$_{3}$ superlattices with different types of interfaces are studied from first-principles density-functional theory. It is revealed that the ferroelectricity in the superlattice with (NiO$_2$)$^-$/(BaO)$^0$ interfaces is enhanced from that of the superlattice with (LaO)$^+$/(TiO$_2$)$^0$ interfaces. The origin lies at the polar discontinuity at the interface, which makes the holes localized within the (NiO$_2$)$^-$/(BaO)$^0$ interface, but drives a penetration of electrons into BaTiO$_3$ component near (LaO)$^+$/(TiO$_2$)$^0$ interface. Our calculations demonstrate an effective avenue to the robust ferroelectricity in BaTiO$_3$ ultrathin films.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
A long-period pre-ELM system discovered from LAMOST medium-resolution survey
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhi-Xiang
name: Zheng, Ling-Lin
name: Gu, Wei-Min
name: Sun, Mouyuan
name: Yi, Tuan
name: Shi, Jian-Rong
name: Wang, Song
name: Bai, Zhong-Rui
name: Zhang, Hao-Tong
name: Cui, Wen-Yuan
name: Wang, Junfeng
name: Wu, Jianfeng
name: Li, Xiang-Dong
name: Shao, Yong
name: Lu, Kai-Xing
name: Bai, Yu
name: Li, Chunqian
name: Fu, Jin-Bo
name: Liu, Jifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present LAMOST~J041920.07+072545.4 (hereafter J0419), a close binary consisting of a bloated extremely low mass pre-white dwarf (pre-ELM WD) and a compact object with an orbital period of 0.607189~days. The large-amplitude ellipsoidal variations and the evident Balmer and He~I emission lines suggest a filled Roche lobe and ongoing mass transfer. No outburst events were detected in the 15 years of monitoring of J0419, indicating a very low mass transfer rate. The temperature of the pre-ELM, $T_\mathrm{eff} = 5793_{-133}^{+124}\,\rm K$, is cooler than the known ELMs, but hotter than most CV donors. Combining the mean density within the Roche lobe and the radius constrained from our SED fitting, we obtain the mass of the pre-ELM, $M_1 = 0.176\pm 0.014\,M_\odot$. The joint fitting of light and radial velocity curves yields an inclination angle of $i = 66.5_{-1.7}^{+1.4}$ degrees, corresponding to the compact object mass of $M_2 = 1.09\pm 0.05\,M_\odot$. The very bloated pre-ELM has a smaller surface gravity ($\log g = 3.9\pm 0.01$, $R_1 = 0.78 \pm 0.02\,R_\odot$) than the known ELMs or pre-ELMs. The temperature and the luminosity ($L_\mathrm{bol} = 0.62_{-0.10}^{+0.11}\,L_\odot$) of J0419 are close to the main sequence, which makes the selection of such systems through the HR diagram inefficient. Based on the evolutionary model, the relatively long period and small $\log g$ indicate that J0419 could be close to the "bifurcation period" in the orbit evolution, which makes J0419 to be a unique source to connect ELM/pre-ELM WD systems, wide binaries and cataclysmic variables.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures, ApJ, 933, 193
On the accuracy of the optical determination of the proton charge radius
Creators: name: Karshenboim, Savely G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determination of the proton charge radius by different methods has produced an inconsistency. The most precise value (from spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen) strongly disagrees with three less accurate values (from spectroscopy of ordinary hydrogen and deuterium, from relative measurements of the cross section of the elastic electron-proton scattering at MAMI and from evaluation of the world data on absolute measurements of e-p cross sections). Here, we question the accuracy of the determination of the proton charge radius by means of spectroscopy of ordinary hydrogen and deuterium and demonstrate that its accuracy was probably overestimated. In particular, we revisit determination from each relevant transition and find that the results of two optical experiments, which are the most statistically important, are not perfectly consistent. The inconsistency is rather a `tension' between the results than their discrepancy, however, it implies that a more conservative estimation of the uncertainty is needed. With the more realistic estimation of the uncertainty, the results for the proton charge radius from spectroscopy of ordinary and muonic atoms are rather in fair agreement.
Oxygen-coupled redox regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca2+ release channel by NADPH oxidase 4
Creators: name: Hess, D. T.
name: Laurita, K. R.
name: Bowles, D. E.
name: Yong, S.
name: Nogueira, L.
name: Stamler, J. S.
name: Eu, J.
name: Meissner, G.
name: Sun, Q.-A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Physiological sensing of O2 tension (partial O2 pressure, pO2) plays an important role in some mammalian cellular systems, but striated muscle generally is not considered to be among them. Here we describe a molecular mechanism in skeletal muscle that acutely couples changes in pO2 to altered calcium release through the ryanodine receptor–Ca2+-release channel (RyR1). Reactive oxygen species are generated in proportion to pO2 by NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the consequent oxidation of a small set of RyR1 cysteine thiols results in increased RyR1 activity and Ca2+ release in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum and in cultured myofibers and enhanced contractility of intact muscle. Thus, Nox4 is an O2 sensor in skeletal muscle, and O2-coupled hydrogen peroxide production by Nox4 governs the redox state of regulatory RyR1 thiols and thereby governs muscle performance. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism for O2-based signaling by an NADPH oxidase and demonstrate a physiological role for oxidative modification of RyR1.
title: РАК ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ:  ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ И ОПИСАНИЕ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО СЛУЧАЯ
Creators: name: Яшин, Сергей Сергеевич
name: Меликджанян, Мария Валерьевна
name: Семеная, Елена Валерьевна
name: Козлов, Георгий Николаевич
name: Крайникова, Елена Андреевна
Publisher: name: Астраханский государственный медицинский университет
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description:  В приведенном клиническом наблюдении описан обнаруженный у пациента рак головки поджелудочной железы четвертой стадии с метастазами в легких, почках, большом сальнике, брюшине, надпочечнике. Особенностью рассмотренного клинического случая является редкий гистотип опухоли – низкодифференцированная аденокарцинома. Сопутствующим заболеванием стала перенесенная новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19. Цель работы – анализ клинического случая низкодифференцированной аденокарциномы поджелудочной железы, поэтому рас-смотрены патогенез, факторы риска развития и лечение неоперабельного рака этого органа.