cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Modifizierung international gebräuchlicher anthropometrischer Messinstrumente für die zweiseitige Ermittlung sowohl des Unter-, als auch des Übergewichts im Kindesalter � Produktentwicklung und Erprobung an Kindern im Vorschulalter in Münster
title: A modified WHO wall chart for detection of underweight as well as of overweight and adipositas in childhood
Creators: name: Carolin Drunat
Publisher: name: FH Münster
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt in ihrer Thematik die Entwicklung und das Wachstum von Kindern und die frühzeitige Ermittlung kindlichen Übergewichtes. Daraus abgeleitet ist die Idee entstanden, mit dem einfachen Mittel der Wall-Chart der Weltgesundheitsorganisation für Hungergebiete den BMI der Kinder in den am Wachstum orientierten Perzentilen auch im Bereich des Übergewichtes darzustellen. Diese erweiterte Wall-Chart ist in unterschiedliche Farbbereiche gegliedert: Der rote Bereich für extremes Übergewicht, der grüne Bereich für das Normalgewicht und der pinkfarbige Bereich für extremes Untergewicht. Die neuentwickelte Wall-Chart bildet die Perzentilen in Größe (cm) zu Gewicht (kg) ab. Zusätzlich ist die y-Achse (Größe) in den spezifischen Farben der Codierung der Schulmöbel eingefärbt. So lassen sich bei einer Messung zwei Werte feststellen. Der BMI anhand der Perzentilen, gekennzeichnet in den Ampelfarben und die für Schulkinder richtige, ihrer Körpergröße entsprechenden Sitz- und Tischmöbel. Es sind in einer exemplarischen Machbarkeitsstudie 72 Kinder im Vorschulalter in der Stadt Münster untersucht worden. Kontakt zu den Kindergärten ist über das Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Munster geknüpft worden, da es zu diesem Zeitpunkt die schulärztliche Untersuchung für das kommende Schuljahr durchfuhrt hat. Das Untersuchungsziel dieser Diplomarbeit, die Anwendbarkeit der Wall-Chart festzustellen, wurde erreicht. Zudem sind die Ergebnisse mit denen aus KiGGS entsprechend der hier untersuchten Geburtsjahrgänge 2003 und 2004, verglichen worden. Das mittlere Gewicht der Kinder aus dem Geburtsjahrgang 2003 hat eine höhere Abweichung zum dem Wert aus KiGGS als der Wert des Geburtsjahrgangs 2004. Insgesamt betrachtet sind 38% der Kinder im Normalbereich, 34% haben eine Tendenz zu Übergewicht, 24% haben eine Tendenz zu Untergewicht, 3% der Kinder sind adipös und 1% untergewichtig. Insgesamt hat sich gezeigt, dass eine modifizierte Wall-Chart auch zur orientierenden Feststellung von Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindesalter geeignet ist.
description: The usual wall chart of WHO for early detection of malnutrition in childhood was modified for use as an instrument for detection of overweight as well. First feasibility studies with 72 preschool children have shown practicability and usefulness of the new instrument for early and easy detection of overweight as well.
title: Zeitgeist incarnate : a theological interpretation of postapocalyptic zombie fiction
Creators: name: Baird, David
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: This thesis attempts to take seriously the claims made by many postapocalyptic zombie narratives to represent the world as it truly is, analyzing and then assessing the theological value of their depictions of the human predicament. The approach is both formal and what Gary Wolfe calls transmedial, examining the recurring narrative structures and themes of texts across several media and eras as part of ‘a popular aesthetic movement and not just a body of works of fiction on similar themes’, with special attention given to the films and television of the new millennium. The aim is twofold: to extend the relevance of postapocalyptic zombie fictions beyond the relatively narrow vogue of a cultural moment, and to prompt a richer appreciation of the significance of the Christian faith within contemporary society. To this end, Chapter One contextualizes the complexity of these texts’ relationship to Christianity by examining first the most prominent obstacles and then the implicit promise of these texts for theological reflection. It places special emphasis on the interior tension in many of these fictions between, on the one hand, aggressively emphasizing the apparent absence of the supernatural, while on the other, frequently claiming to disclose a dimension of human experience in excess of what can be ordinarily perceived by the senses. Chapters Two and Three extend this analysis to the complex content of what these stories depict. Chapter Two considers the multilayered symbolism of decline in their conspicuous spectacles of disaster, disintegration, and death. Chapter Three examines the countervailing symbolic motifs of residual integrity and regeneration that are exhibited most prominently by characters who attempt to live genuinely human lives in spite of these circumstances. The first half of the thesis concludes by proposing a composite postapocalyptic view of the human predicament, which represents the world as ambiguous, dramatic and quite possibly, although not certainly, absurd. Chapter Four begins the theological reflection upon this kind of postapocalyptic perspective, proposing how such depictions might be illuminated by Christian theological descriptions, particularly the absurd existential circumstances brought about by the original sin. Chapter Five, reciprocally, suggests some of the ways the dramatic images of these texts might enrich theological reflection by eliciting fresh insights into the significance of the central mysteries of Christianity, especially the paradoxical already-and-not-yet of eschatological expectation. The thesis concludes by offering a final evaluation of whether, all told, the world can be truly considered postapocalyptic from a Christian perspective, arguing that although there are significant differences, postapocalyptic fictions and Christianity put forward strikingly similar pictures of the deeply self-conflicted circumstances of the common human predicament.
Collective P-Wave Orbital Dynamics of Ultracold Fermions
Creators: name: Mamaev, Mikhail
name: He, Peiru
name: Bilitewski, Thomas
name: Venu, Vijin
name: Thywissen, Joseph H.
name: Rey, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the non-equilibrium orbital dynamics of spin-polarized ultracold fermions in the first excited band of an optical lattice. A specific lattice depth and filling configuration is designed to allow the $p_x$ and $p_y$ excited orbital degrees of freedom to act as a pseudo-spin. Starting from the full Hamiltonian for p-wave interactions in a periodic potential, we derive an extended Hubbard-type model that describes the anisotropic lattice dynamics of the excited orbitals at low energy. We then show how dispersion engineering can provide a viable route to realizing collective behavior driven by p-wave interactions. In particular, Bragg dressing and lattice depth can reduce single-particle dispersion rates, such that a collective many-body gap is opened with only moderate Feshbach enhancement of p-wave interactions. Physical insight into the emergent gap-protected collective dynamics is gained by projecting the Hamiltonian into the Dicke manifold, yielding a one-axis twisting model for the orbital pseudo-spin that can be probed using conventional Ramsey-style interferometry. Experimentally realistic protocols to prepare and measure the many-body dynamics are discussed, including the effects of band relaxation, particle loss, spin-orbit coupling, and doping.
description: 6+12 pages, 3+6 figures. Updated to accommodate feedback from Referees, and to clarify the derivation of the p-wave lattice interactions
Isothermal aging of Al-Ni-Sc alloy containing Al3Ni microfibers and Al3Sc nanoprecipitates
Creators: name: Chanun SUWANPREECHA
Publisher: name: Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Al-Ni-Sc alloy
Atom probe tomography
Precipitation strengthening

description: Journal of Metals Materials and Minerals, 29, 2, 37-41
Long-Time Behavior of Velocity Autocorrelation Function for Interacting Particles in a Two-Dimensional Disordered System
Creators: name: Yuge, Tatsuro
name: Shimizu, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-time behavior of the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) is investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation of a two-dimensional system which has both a many-body interaction and a random potential. With strengthening the random potential by increasing the density of impurities, a crossover behavior of the VACF is observed from a positive tail, which is proportional to t^{-1}, to a negative tail, proportional to -t^{-2}. The latter tail exists even when the density of particles is the same order as the density of impurities. The behavior of the VACF in a nonequilibrium steady state is also studied. In the linear response regime the behavior is similar to that in the equilibrium state, whereas it changes drastically in the nonlinear response regime.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Four ribbons of double-layer graphene suspending masses for NEMS applications
Creators: name: Fan, Xuge
name: He, Chang
name: Ding, Jie
name: Akbari, Sayedeh Shirin Afyouni
name: Zhang, Wendong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene ribbons with a suspended proof mass for nanomechanical systems have been rarely studied. Here, we report three types of nanomechanical devices consisting of graphene ribbons (two ribbons, four ribbons-cross and four ribbons-parallel) with suspended Si proof masses and studied their mechanical properties. The resonance frequencies and built-in stresses of three types of devices ranged from tens of kHz to hundreds of kHz, and from 82.61 MPa to 545.73 MPa, respectively, both of which decrease with the increase of the size of proof mass. The devices with four graphene ribbons featured higher resonance frequencies and spring constants, but lower built-in stresses than two ribbon devices under otherwise identical conditions. The Young's modulus and fracture strain of double-layer graphene were measured to be 0.34 TPa and 1.13% respectively, by using the experimental data and finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. Our studies would lay the foundation for understanding of mechanical properties of graphene ribbons with a suspended proof mass and their potential applications in nanoelectromechanical systems.
Multiorbital edge and corner states in black phosphorene
Creators: name: Hitomi, Masaru
name: Kawakami, Takuto
name: Koshino, Mikito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study emergent edge/corner localized states in monolayer black phosphorene. Using the tight-binding model based on the density functional theory, we find that the multi-orbital band structure due to the non-planar puckered geometry plays an essential role in the formation of the boundary localized modes. In particular, we demonstrate that edge states emerge at a boundary along an arbitrary crystallographic direction, and it can be understood from the fact that the Wannier orbitals associated with $3p_x$, $3p_y$, $3p_z$ orbitals occupy all the bond centers of phosphorene. At a corner where two edges intersect, we show that multiple corner-localized states appear due to hybridization of higher-order topological corner state and the edge states nearby. These characteristic properties of the edge and corner states can be intuitively explained by a simple topologically-equivalent model where all the bond angles are deformed to $90^{\circ}$.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures
White Box Methods for Explanations of Convolutional Neural Networks in Image Classification Tasks
Creators: name: Ayyar, Meghna P
name: Benois-Pineau, Jenny
name: Zemmari, Akka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, deep learning has become prevalent to solve applications from multiple domains. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) particularly have demonstrated state of the art performance for the task of image classification. However, the decisions made by these networks are not transparent and cannot be directly interpreted by a human. Several approaches have been proposed to explain to understand the reasoning behind a prediction made by a network. In this paper, we propose a topology of grouping these methods based on their assumptions and implementations. We focus primarily on white box methods that leverage the information of the internal architecture of a network to explain its decision. Given the task of image classification and a trained CNN, this work aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of a set of methods that can be used to create explanation maps for a particular image, that assign an importance score to each pixel of the image based on its contribution to the decision of the network. We also propose a further classification of the white box methods based on their implementations to enable better comparisons and help researchers find methods best suited for different scenarios.
description: Submitted to Journal of Electronic Imaging (JEI)
Evidence for non-Gaussian tail in 3D pion emission source at the SPS
Creators: name: Chung, P
name: Danielewicz, P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NA49 experiment at CERN SPS has acquired a huge data set of Pb+Pb events over a broad range of energy and centrality during the last several years. This high statistics data set, coupled with a state-of-the-art analysis technique, allows for the first model-independent extraction and energy scan of 3D emission sources for pion pairs at SPS energies. These 3D pion emission sources provide new insights into the nature of a long-range source previously reported by PHENIX at RHIC. The new results indicate that the pion source displays significant non-Gaussian tails in the longitudinal direction at 40 and 158 AGeV and in the outward direction at 158 AGeV.
description: Proceedings, QM06, Beijing, China
AMBRE - a Mathematica package for the construction of Mellin-Barnes representations for Feynman integrals
Creators: name: Gluza, J.
name: Kajda, K.
name: Riemann, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mathematica toolkit AMBRE derives Mellin-Barnes (MB) representations for Feynman integrals in d=4-2eps dimensions. It may be applied for tadpoles as well as for multi-leg multi-loop scalar and tensor integrals. AMBRE uses a loop-by-loop approach and aims at lowest dimensions of the final MB representations. The present version of AMBRE works fine for planar Feynman diagrams. The output may be further processed by the package MB for the determination of its singularity structure in eps. The AMBRE package contains various sample applications for Feynman integrals with up to six external particles and up to four loops.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, in v2 typos in Eqn. 48 and Eqn. 57 corrected; the corresponding sample files are unchanged
Neon and Argon optical emission lines in ionized gaseous nebulae: Implications and applications
Creators: name: Perez-Montero, Enrique
name: Hagele, Guillermo F.
name: Contini, Thierry
name: Diaz, Angeles I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a study of the strong optical collisional emission lines of Ne and Ar in an heterogeneous sample of ionized gaseous nebulae for which it is possible to derive directly the electron temperature and hence the chemical abundances of neon and argon. We calculate using a grid of photoionization models new ionization correction factors for these two elements and we study the behaviour of Ne/O and Ar/O abundance ratios with metallicity. We find a constant value for Ne/O, while there seems to be some evidence for the existence of negative radial gradients of Ar/O over the disks of some nearby spirals. We study the relation between the intensities of the emission lines of [NeIII] at 3869 Åand [OIII] at 4959 Åand 5007 Å. This relation can be used in empirical calibrations and diagnostic ratios extending their applicability to bluer wavelengths and therefore to samples of objects at higher redshifts. Finally, we propose a new diagnostic using [OII], [NeIII] and Hdelta emission lines to derive metallicities for galaxies at high z.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
title: Kollision Arbeitspflicht und Kinderbetreuung - Lage der Arbeitszeit, Anm. zum Urteil des ArbG Bochum vom 22. 12. 2010
Creators: name: Feldhoff, Kerstin
Publisher: name: juris GmbH
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 340 Recht

description: Kommentar
title: AI3SD & MDC AI in Drug Discovery & Drug Safety Workshop Report 2019
Creators: name: Warr, Wendy
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: AI3SD, Workshop Report, Drug Discovery, drug safety, AI, Artificial intelligence, Machine Learning

description: Drug discovery is a long and long-term scientific investigation involving interdisciplinary re- search methods coupled with large heterogeneous datasets. The research and data space in this area is vast, and AI3SD and MDC believe that the use of AI and machine learning technologies can help spur on advances in this domain. The current workshop was designed to draw to- gether those with a keen interest in using AI and machine learning technologies in the domain of drug discovery, both to aid future drug discovery, and to help improve drug safety. AI3SD firmly believes that interdisciplinary collaboration is the key to many of these advances. At the workshop, keynote talks were interspersed with general group discussions and working groups around the key topics that arose.
Higher-Order Angular Galaxy Correlations in the SDSS: Redshift and Color Dependence of non-Linear Bias
Creators: name: Ross, Ashley J.
name: Brunner, Robert J.
name: Myers, Adam D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present estimates of the N-point galaxy, area-averaged, angular correlation functions $\barω_{N}$($θ$) for $N$ = 2,...,7 for galaxies from the fifth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our parent sample is selected from galaxies with $18 \leq r < 21$, and is the largest ever used to study higher-order correlations. We subdivide this parent sample into two volume limited samples using photometric redshifts, and these two samples are further subdivided by magnitude, redshift, and color (producing early- and late-type galaxy samples) to determine the dependence of $\barω_{N}$($θ$) on luminosity, redshift, and galaxy-type. We measure $\barω_{N}$($θ$) using oversampling techniques and use them to calculate the projected, $s_{N}$. Using models derived from theoretical power-spectra and perturbation theory, we measure the bias parameters $b_1$ and $c_2$, finding that the large differences in both bias parameters ($b_1$ and $c_2$) between early- and late-type galaxies are robust against changes in redshift, luminosity, and $σ_8$, and that both terms are consistently smaller for late-type galaxies. By directly comparing their higher-order correlation measurements, we find large differences in the clustering of late-type galaxies at redshifts lower than 0.3 and those at redshifts higher than 0.3, both at large scales ($c_2$ is larger by $\sim0.5$ at $z > 0.3$) and small scales (large amplitudes are measured at small scales only for $z > 0.3$, suggesting much more merger driven star formation at $z > 0.3$). Finally, our measurements of $c_2$ suggest both that $σ_8 < 0.8$ and $c_2$ is negative.
description: 46 pages, 19 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Extranatural Flux Inflation
Creators: name: Hirose, Takuya
name: Maru, Nobuhito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new inflation scenario in flux compactification, where a zero mode scalar field of extra components of the higher dimensional gauge field is identified with an inflaton. The scalar field is a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken translational symmetry in compactified spaces. The inflaton potential is non-local and finite, which is protected against the higher dimensional non-derivative local operators by quantum gravity corrections thanks to the gauge symmetry in higher dimensions and the shift symmetry originated from the translation in extra spaces. We give an explicit inflation model in a six dimensional scalar QED, which is shown to be consistent with Planck 2018 data.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, final version to appear in JHEP
Restoring degraded speech via a modified diffusion model
Creators: name: Zhang, Jianwei
name: Jayasuriya, Suren
name: Berisha, Visar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: There are many deterministic mathematical operations (e.g. compression, clipping, downsampling) that degrade speech quality considerably. In this paper we introduce a neural network architecture, based on a modification of the DiffWave model, that aims to restore the original speech signal. DiffWave, a recently published diffusion-based vocoder, has shown state-of-the-art synthesized speech quality and relatively shorter waveform generation times, with only a small set of parameters. We replace the mel-spectrum upsampler in DiffWave with a deep CNN upsampler, which is trained to alter the degraded speech mel-spectrum to match that of the original speech. The model is trained using the original speech waveform, but conditioned on the degraded speech mel-spectrum. Post-training, only the degraded mel-spectrum is used as input and the model generates an estimate of the original speech. Our model results in improved speech quality (original DiffWave model as baseline) on several different experiments. These include improving the quality of speech degraded by LPC-10 compression, AMR-NB compression, and signal clipping. Compared to the original DiffWave architecture, our scheme achieves better performance on several objective perceptual metrics and in subjective comparisons. Improvements over baseline are further amplified in a out-of-corpus evaluation setting.
Humidity Sensing Properties of Different Atomic Layers of Graphene on SiO2/Si Substrate
Creators: name: Gao, Qiang
name: Ma, Hongliang
name: He, Chang
name: Wang, Xiaojing
name: Ding, Jie
name: Zhang, Wendong
name: Fan, Xuge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene has the great potential to be used for humidity sensing due to ultrahigh surface area and conductivity. However, the impact of different atomic layers of graphene on SiO2/Si substrate on the humidity sensing have not been studied yet. In this paper, we fabricated three types of humidity sensors on SiO2/Si substrate based on one to three atomic layers of graphene, in which the sensing areas of graphene are 75 μm * 72 μm and 45 μm * 72 μm, respectively. We studied the impact of both the number of atomic layers of graphene and the sensing areas of graphene on the responsivity and response/recovery time of the prepared graphene-based humidity sensors. We found the relative resistance change of the prepared devices decreased with the increase of number of atomic layers of graphene under the same change of relative humidity. Further, devices based on tri-layer graphene showed the fastest response/recovery time while devices based on double-layer graphene showed the slowest response/recovery time. Finally, we chose the devices based on double-layer graphene that have relatively good responsivity and stability for application in respiration monitoring and contact-free finger monitoring.
XMM-Newton observations of the Lockman Hole V: time variability of the brightest AGN
Creators: name: Mateos, S.
name: Barcons, X.
name: Carrera, F. J.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Ceballos, M. T.
name: Hasinger, G.
name: Fabian, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the results of a study of X-ray spectral and flux variability on time scales from months to years, of the 123 brightest objects (including 46 type-1 AGN and 28 type-2 AGN) detected with XMM-Newton in the Lockman Hole field. We detected flux variability with a significance >3sigma in ~50% of the objects, including 68+-11% and 48+-15% among our samples of type-1 and type-2 AGN. However we found that the fraction of sources with best quality light curves that exhibit flux variability on the time scales sampled by our data is >80%, i.e the great majority of the AGN population may actually vary in flux on long time scales. The mean relative intrinsic amplitude of flux variability was found to be ~0.15 although with a large dispersion in measured values, from ~0.1 to ~0.65. The flux variability properties of our samples of AGN do not significantly depend on the redshift or X-ray luminosity of the objects and seem to be similar for the two AGN types. Using a broad band X-ray colour we found that the fraction of sources showing spectral variability with a significance >3sigma is ~40% i.e. less common than flux variability. Spectral variability was found to be more common in type-2 AGN than in type-1 AGN with a significance >99%. This result is consistent with the fact that part of the soft emission in type-2 AGN comes from scattered radiation, and this component is expected to be much less variable than the hard component. The observed flux and spectral variability properties of our objects cannot be explained as being produced by variability of one spectral component alone, for example changes in the continuum shape associated with changes in the mass accretion rate, or variability in the amount of X-ray absorption. At least two spectral components must vary in order to explain the X-ray variability of our objects.
description: 24 pages; 76 figures; 5 tables. Accepted for Publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Optical design options for Pollux: UV spectropolarimeter project for the Habitable Worlds Observatory
Creators: name: Muslimov, Eduard
name: Neiner, Coralie
name: Bouret, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pollux is a project of UV spectropolarimeter proposed as a European contribution for the planned NASA-led Habitable Worlds Observatory. In the present study we consider design options for four spectral channels. The two main channels operate in the range of 118-472 nm. We consider a few design options depending on the hosting telescope size and the approach to correct the aberrations in the camera part and show that the resolving power of R > 90 000 is reachable. In addition, we study 2 other channels: a visible and near infrared spectropolarimeter, which could reach up to 1050 nm or 1800 nm depending on the detector choice, and a far UV channel operating in the range of 100-120 nm. We also provide two design options with different resolution and main disperser type for these channels.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables
Prime numbers. An alternative study using ova-angular rotations
Creators: name: Agudelo, Yeisson Alexis Acevedo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11AXX, 11A07, 11A67

description: Ova-angular rotations of a prime number are characterized, constructed using the Dirichlet theorem. The geometric properties arising from this theory are analyzed and some applications are presented, including Goldbach's conjecture, the existence of infinite primes of the form $ρ= k^2+1$ and the convergence of the sum of the inverses of the Mersenne's primes. Although the mathematics that was used was elementary, you can notice the usefulness of this theory based on geometric properties. In this paper, the study ends by introducing the ova-angular square matrix.
description: 26 pages, 18 Figures, 2 tables
Binomial Determinants for Tiling Problems Yield to the Holonomic Ansatz
Creators: name: Du, Hao
name: Koutschan, Christoph
name: Thanatipanonda, Thotsaporn
name: Wong, Elaine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present and prove closed form expressions for some families of binomial determinants with signed Kronecker deltas that are located along an arbitrary diagonal in the corresponding matrix. They count cyclically symmetric rhombus tilings of hexagonal regions with triangular holes. We extend a previous systematic study of these families, where the locations of the Kronecker deltas depended on an additional parameter, to families with negative Kronecker deltas. By adapting Zeilberger's holonomic ansatz to make it work for our problems, we can take full advantage of computer algebra tools for symbolic summation. This, together with the combinatorial interpretation, allows us to realize some new determinantal relationships. From there, we are able to resolve all remaining open conjectures related to these determinants, including one from 2005 due to Lascoux and Krattenthaler.
description: 45 pages; Supplementary material at https://wongey.github.io/binom-det
Synchnonization, zero-resistance states and rotating Wigner crystal
Creators: name: Chepelianskii, A. D.
name: Pikovsky, A. S.
name: Shepelyansky, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that rotational angles of electrons moving in two dimensions (2D) in a perpendicular magnetic field can be synchronized by an external microwave field which frequency is close to the Larmor frequency. The synchronization eliminates collisions between electrons and thus creates a regime with zero diffusion corresponding to the zero-resistance states observed in experiments with high mobility 2D electron gas (2DEG). For long range Coulomb interactions electrons form a rotating hexagonal Wigner crystal. Possible relevance of this effect for planetary rings is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figs
Strong photon non-linearities and photonic Mott insulators
Creators: name: Hartmann, Michael J
name: Plenio, Martin B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show, that photon non-linearities in electromagnetically induced transparency can be at least one order of magnitude larger than predicted in all previous approaches. As an application we demonstrate that, in this regime they give rise to very strong photon - photon interactions which are strong enough to make an experimental realization of a photonic Mott insulator state feasible in arrays of coupled ultra high-Q micro-cavities.
description: minor changes, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
A comparative study of the relationship between airway size, tongue activity and body position
Creators: name: Pae, Eung-Kwon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Airway obstruction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) patients is believed to occur in the supine position during sleep. In order to investigate the relationship between upper airway size and genioglossus(GG) muscle activity, up-right (in natural head posture) and supine cephalograms were obtained for twenty OSA and ten asymptomatic control subjects. Tongue EMG and pressure recordings were obtained with the surface electrodes and pressure transducers in ten asymptomatic control subjects. The Student's t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to test for differences between the two groups and between body positions. The OSA group revealed a longer tongue (p< 5%), a larger soft palate (p< 1%), an anteroposteriorly narrower and vertically lengthened upper airway (p< 1%), a inferiorly positioned hyoid bone (p< 1%), a more extended head posture (p< 5%) and a smaller hypopharynx (p< 1%) in the up-right standing position. After changing from the up-right to the supine position, the tongue cross-sectional area increased 4.3% (p< 5%) and oropharyngeal area decreased 3 6.5% (p< 1%) in the OSA group. When comparing the supine to the up-right control cephalograms, changes in tongue area were not observed, but the thickness of the soft palate increased (p< 1%). Differences in tongue cross- sectional area between two groups become significant with body positional changes from the up-right to the supine (p< 1%). With body positional changes, the hyoid bone moves superiorly toward the mandibular plane in the control group (p< 1%), but anteriorly toward the mandibular symphysis in the OSA group (p< 5%). The rest EMG activity of the GG muscle increased 33.8% (p< 5%) and the posterior tongue pressure increased 17% (p< 5%) with body positional changes from up-right to supine. Overall, the orophayngeal cross-sectional area collapsed 28.8% (p< 1%) despite a 34% increase (p< 5%) in GG muscle activity in the asymptomatic control group as a result of body positional changes. Furthermore, a 17% increase of tongue pressure on the posterior load cell indicates positional change of the tongue. In conclusion, it may not be the size of the soft palate alone but also the vertical and anteroposterior position of the tongue which could actively contribute to the development of OSA. Quantification of subtle differences in tongue and oropharyngeal size and position, geometry of the hyoid bone, upper airway muscle activity and tongue pressure accompanied by body positional changes aids in our understanding of the pathogenesis of OSA.
Trend Alert: How a Cross-Platform Organization Manipulated Twitter Trends in the Indian General Election
Creators: name: Jakesch, Maurice
name: Garimella, Kiran
name: Eckles, Dean
name: Naaman, Mor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Political organizations worldwide keep innovating their use of social media technologies. In the 2019 Indian general election, organizers used a network of WhatsApp groups to manipulate Twitter trends through coordinated mass postings. We joined 600 WhatsApp groups that support the Bharatiya Janata Party, the right-wing party that won the general election, to investigate these campaigns. We found evidence of 75 hashtag manipulation campaigns in the form of mobilization messages with lists of pre-written tweets. Building on this evidence, we estimate the campaigns' size, describe their organization and determine whether they succeeded in creating controlled social media narratives. Our findings show that the campaigns produced hundreds of nationwide Twitter trends throughout the election. Centrally controlled but voluntary in participation, this hybrid configuration of technologies and organizational strategies shows how profoundly online tools transform campaign politics. Trend alerts complicate the debates over the legitimate use of digital tools for political participation and may have provided a blueprint for participatory media manipulation by a party with popular support.
Axion-Like Particles, Cosmic Magnetic Fields and Gamma-Ray Astrophysics
Creators: name: De Angelis, Alessandro
name: Mansutti, Oriana
name: Roncadelli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) are predicted by many extensions of the Standard Model and give rise to characteristic dimming and polarization effects in a light beam travelling in a magnetic field. In this Letter, we demonstrate that photon-ALP mixing in cosmic magnetic fields produces an observable distortion in the energy spectra of distant gamma-ray sources (like AGN) for ranges of the ALP parameters allowed by all available constraints. The resulting effect is expected to show up in the energy band 100 MeV - 100 GeV, and so it can be serched with the upcoming GLAST mission.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in Physics Letters B. Revised version
Non-Invertible Global Symmetries and Completeness of the Spectrum
Creators: name: Heidenreich, Ben
name: McNamara, Jacob
name: Montero, Miguel
name: Reece, Matthew
name: Rudelius, Tom
name: Valenzuela, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely believed that consistent theories of quantum gravity satisfy two basic kinematic constraints: they are free from any global symmetry, and they contain a complete spectrum of gauge charges. For compact, abelian gauge groups, completeness follows from the absence of a 1-form global symmetry. However, this correspondence breaks down for more general gauge groups, where the breaking of the 1-form symmetry is insufficient to guarantee a complete spectrum. We show that the correspondence may be restored by broadening our notion of symmetry to include non-invertible topological operators, and prove that their absence is sufficient to guarantee a complete spectrum for any compact, possibly disconnected gauge group. In addition, we prove an analogous statement regarding the completeness of twist vortices: codimension-2 objects defined by a discrete holonomy around their worldvolume, such as cosmic strings in four dimensions. We discuss how this correspondence is modified in various, more general contexts, including non-compact gauge groups, Higgsing of gauge theories, and the addition of Chern-Simons terms. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the Swampland program, as well as the phenomenological implications of the existence of twist strings.
description: 55 pages + references; 3 figures; v2: minor revisions and references added
The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). VI. Introducing KOBE: Kepler Observes Bern Exoplanets. Theoretical perspectives on the architecture of planetary systems: Peas in a pod
Creators: name: Mishra, Lokesh
name: Alibert, Yann
name: Leleu, Adrien
name: Emsenhuber, Alexandre
name: Mordasini, Christoph
name: Burn, Remo
name: Udry, Stéphane
name: Benz, Willy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) Observations of exoplanets indicate the existence of several correlations in the architecture of planetary systems. Exoplanets within a system tend to be of similar size and mass, evenly spaced, and are often ordered in size and mass. Small planets are frequently packed in tight configurations, while large planets often have wider orbital spacing. Together, these correlations are called the peas in a pod trends in the architecture of planetary systems. In this paper these trends are investigated in theoretically simulated planetary systems and compared with observations. Whether these correlations emerge from astrophysical processes or the detection biases of the transit method is examined. Synthetic planetary system were simulated using the Generation III Bern Model. KOBE, a new computer code, simulates the geometrical limitations of the transit method and applies the detection biases and completeness of the Kepler survey. This allows simulated planetary systems to be compared with observations. The architecture of synthetic planetary systems, observed via KOBE, show the peas in a pod trends in good agreement with observations. These correlations are also present in the theoretical underlying population, from the Bern Model, indicating that these trends are probably of astrophysical origin. The physical processes involved in planet formation are responsible for the emergence of evenly spaced planets with similar sizes and masses. The size--mass similarity trends are primordial and originate from the oligarchic growth of protoplanetary embryos and the uniform growth of planets at early times. Later stages in planet formation allows planets within a system to grow at different rates, thereby decreasing these correlations. The spacing and packing correlations are absent at early times and arise from dynamical interactions.
description: Accepted in A&A. Main body: 18 pages, 13 figures. Appendices: 7 pages, 3 figures. Code: https://github.com/exomishra/kobe
Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Young Star Clusters in Merging/Interacting Galaxies. II. NGC 3256 Clusters
Creators: name: Trancho, Gelys
name: Bastian, Nate
name: Miller, Bryan W.
name: Schweizer, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Gemini optical spectroscopy of 23 young star clusters in NGC3256. We find that the cluster ages range are from few Myr to ~150 Myr. All these clusters are relatively massive (2--40)x 10^{5} \msun$ and appear to be of roughly 1.5 \zo metallicity. The majority of the clusters in our sample follow the same rotation curve as the gas and hence were presumably formed in the molecular-gas disk. However, a western subsample of five clusters has velocities that deviate significantly from the gas rotation curve. These clusters may either belong to the second spiral galaxy of the merger or may have formed in tidal-tail gas falling back into the system. We discuss our observations in light of other known cluster populations in merging galaxies, and suggest that NGC 3256 is similar to Arp 220, and hence may become an Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxy as the merger progresses and the star-formation rate increases. Some of the clusters which appeared as isolated in our ground-based images are clearly resolved into multiple sub-components in the HST-ACS images. The same effect has been observed in the Antennae galaxies, showing that clusters are often not formed in isolation, but instead tend to form in larger groups or cluster complexes.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables; Accepted ApJ
A Homogeneous Sample of Sub-DLAs IV: Global Metallicity Evolution
Creators: name: Peroux, Celine
name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava
name: D'Odorico, Sandro
name: Kim, Tae-Sun
name: McMahon, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accurate method to measure the abundance of high-redshift galaxies consists in the observation of absorbers along the line of sight toward a background quasar. Here, we present abundance measurements of 13 z>3 sub-Damped Lyman-alpha Systems (quasar absorbers with HI column density 19 < log N(HI) < 20.3 cm^-2) based on the high resolution observations with VLT UVES spectrograph. These observations more than double the metallicity information for sub-DLAs previously available at z>3. This new data, combined with other sub-DLA measurements from the literature, confirm the stronger metallicity redshift evolution than for the classical Damped Lyman-alpha absorbers. Besides, these observations are used to compute for the first time the fraction of gas ionised from photo-ionisation modelling in a sample of sub-DLAs. Based on these results, we calculate that sub-DLAs contribute no more than 6% of the expected amount of metals at z~2.5. We therefore conclude that even if sub-DLAs are found to be more metal-rich than classical DLAs, they are insufficient to close the so-called ``missing metals problem''.
description: 30 figures, 24 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Newtonian limit of scalar-tensor theories and galactic dynamics: isolated and interacting galaxies
Creators: name: Cervantes-Cota, J. L.
name: Rodriguez-Meza, M. A.
name: Gabbasov, R.
name: Klapp, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Newtonian limit of a general scalar-tensor theory around a background field to study astrophysical effects. The gravitational theory modifies the standard Newtonian potential by adding a Yukawa term to it, which is quantified by two theoretical parameters: $λ$, the lenghtscale of the gravitational interaction and its strength, $α$. Within this formalism we firstly present a numerical study on the formation of bars in isolated galaxies. We have found for positive $α$ that the modified gravity destabilizes the galactic discs and leads to rapid bar formation in isolated galaxies. Values of $λ$ in the range $\approx 8$ -- 14 kpc produce strongest bars in isolated models. Then, we extent this work by considering tidal effects due to interacting galaxies. We send two spirals to collide and study the bar properties of the remnant. We characterize the bar kinematical properties in terms of our parameters ($λ, α$).
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Rev. Mex. Fis; http://rmf.fciencias.unam.mx/pdf/rmf-s/53/4/53_4_0022.pdf
Science with the TianQin Observatory: Preliminary Results on Testing the No-hair Theorem with EMRI
Creators: name: Zi, Tie-Guang
name: Zhang, Jian-dong
name: Fan, Hui-Min
name: Zhang, Xue-Ting
name: Hu, Yi-Ming
name: Shi, Changfu
name: Mei, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constituted with a massive black hole and a stellar mass compact object, Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral (EMRI) events hold unique opportunity for the study of massive black holes, such as by measuring and checking the relations among the mass, spin and quadrupole moment of a massive black hole, putting the no-hair theorem to test. TianQin is a planned space-based gravitational wave observatory and EMRI is one of its main types of sources. It is important to estimate the capacity of TianQin on testing the no-hair theorem with EMRIs. In this work, we use the analytic kludge waveform with quadrupole moment corrections and study how the quadrupole moment can be constrained with TianQin. We find that TianQin can measure the dimensionless quadrupole moment parameter with accuracy to the level of $10^{-5}$ under suitable scenarios. The choice of the waveform cutoff is found to have significant effect on the result: if the Schwarzschild cutoff is used, the accuracy depends strongly on the mass of the massive black hole, while the spin has negligible impact; if the Kerr cutoff is used, however, the dependence on the spin is more significant. We have also analyzed the cases when TianQin is observing simultaneously with other detectors such as LISA.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, matches the published version