cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Localization of dexamethasone within dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanoparticles and skin penetration properties studied by multi-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy
Creators: name: Saeidpour, S.
name: Lohan, S.B.
name: Anske, M.
name: Unbehauen, M.
name: Fleige, E.
name: Haag, R.
name: Meinke, M.C.
name: Bittl, Robert
name: Teutloff, C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: drug delivery system
subject: dexamethasone
subject: dendritic core-multishell systems
subject: dual-frequency EPR
subject: skin penetration
subject: solvent polarity
subject: mobility
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The skin and especially the stratum corneum (SC) act as a barrier and protect epidermal cells and thus the whole body against xenobiotica of the external environment. Topical skin treatment requires an efficient drug delivery system (DDS). Polymer-based nanocarriers represent novel transport vehicles for dermal application of drugs. In this study dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanoparticles were investigated as promising candidates. CMS nanoparticles were loaded with a drug (analogue) and were applied to penetration studies of skin. We determined by dual-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) how dexamethasone (Dx) labelled with 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (PCA) is associated with the CMS. The micro-environment of the drug loaded to CMS nanoparticles was investigated by pulsed high-field EPR at cryogenic temperature, making use of the fact that magnetic parameters (g-, A-matrices, and spin-lattice relaxation time) represent specific probes for the micro-environment. Additionally, the rotational correlation time of spin-labelled Dx was probed by continuous wave EPR at ambient temperature, which provides independent information on the drug environment. Furthermore, the penetration depth of Dx into the stratum corneum of porcine skin after different topical applications was investigated. The location of Dx in the CMS nanoparticles is revealed and the function of CMS as penetration enhancers for topical application is shown.
Flächennutzungsartbezogene automatisierte Baumerkennung mittels LiDAR Fernerkundungsdaten
Creators: name: Rein, Max
name: Naber, Elias
name: Volk, Rebekka
name: Schultmann, Frank
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Stadtbäume
LiDAR-Daten
Baumkrone
DFNS 2024

description: Die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels und der damit verbundene Handlungsdruck stellen Kommunen vor große Herausforderungen. Das Stadtklima wird stark durch die Flächen­versiegelung und die fehlende Begrünung beeinflusst, was zur Verschlechterung der Luftqualität und zur Bildung von Wärmeinseln führt.

Eine wichtige Gegenmaßnahme ist die Begrünung. Insbesondere Stadtbäume stehen im Fokus von Strategien zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung in Bestandsquartieren. Basis für die Bewertung der Potenziale bilden Baumkataster. Jedoch sind lediglich die im öffentlichen Raum stehenden Bäume erfasst, Bäume auf Privatgrundstücken fehlen meistens. Eine manuelle Erfassung dieser Bäume ist ressourcenintensiv, weshalb eine automatisierte Erfassung wünschenswert ist.

In diesem Beitrag wird ein auf LiDAR-Daten, Orthofotos und LOD2-Gebäudemodellen basierendes Baumerkennungsverfahren weiterentwickelt. Basierend auf Vorarbeiten von Münzinger et al. [2022], werden Erweiterungen vorgeschlagen und implementiert. Die Erweiterungen werden in einem Evaluierungsgebiet mit 1.568 manuell erhobenen Bäumen in Köln Nippes bewertet. In den Erweiterungen wurden mittels Regressionen und SVMs neue variable Suchfenstergrößenfunktionen entwickelt, anhand derer aus dem Kronenhöhenmodell die potenziellen Baumspitzen extrahiert wurden.

Durch die an Stadtbäume angepassten Suchfensterfunktionen konnte die Genauigkeit der automatischen Erkennung von Bäumen auf Siedlungsflächen und Verkehrsflächen erhöht werden. Die Güte wird mit einer Kombination von Metriken bewertet. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie mit handhabbaren Methoden die Güte von automatisierten Verfahren verbessert werden kann.
YER OSTI SUVLARINING INSON ORGANIZMIGA TA'SIRINI O'RGANISH
Creators: name: Xudoyberdiyev, D.K.
name: Safarov, Furqat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada yer osti suvi umumiy suv resurslarining bir qismi ekanligi, suv taʼminoti va sugʻorish manbai sifatida xalq xoʻjaligi uchun katta ahamiyatga ega ekanligi keltirilgan. Sugʻoriladigan yerlarning meliorativ ahvoli grunt suvlarining holati bilan belgilanadi. Suv molekulyar kuchlar tutib turadigan bogʻlangan hamda ogʻirlik kuchi yoki bosim farqi taʼsirida harakatda boʻladigan gravitatsion yoki erkin holatda boʻlishi mumkin.
Additional file 4 of Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
Creators: name: Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
name: Buccini, Gabriela
name: Azeredo, Catarina Machado
name: Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
name: Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S2. Prevalence of the breastfeeding and food indicators and average annual changes for indicators for children under six months of age in Bolívia according to the year of the survey. DHS, 1990–2008.
Additional file 5 of Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
Creators: name: Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
name: Buccini, Gabriela
name: Azeredo, Catarina Machado
name: Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
name: Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S3. Prevalence of the breastfeeding and food indicators and average annual changes for indicators for children under six months of age in Colombia according to the year of the survey. DHS, 1990–2010.
Additional file 6 of Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
Creators: name: Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
name: Buccini, Gabriela
name: Azeredo, Catarina Machado
name: Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
name: Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S4. Prevalence of the breastfeeding and food indicators and average annual changes for indicators for children under six months of age in Dominican Republic according to the year of the survey. DHS, 1990–2013.
Additional file 7 of Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
Creators: name: Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
name: Buccini, Gabriela
name: Azeredo, Catarina Machado
name: Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
name: Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Figure S5. Prevalence of the breastfeeding and food indicators and average annual changes for indicators for children under six months of age in Guatemala according to the year of the survey. DHS, 1990–2014.
Additional file 8 of Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
Creators: name: Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
name: Buccini, Gabriela
name: Azeredo, Catarina Machado
name: Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
name: Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Figure S6. Prevalence of the breastfeeding and food indicators and average annual changes for indicators for children under six months of age in Haiti according to the year of the survey. DHS, 1990–2016.
Additional file 9 of Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010
Creators: name: Meira, Camila Abadia Rodrigues
name: Buccini, Gabriela
name: Azeredo, Catarina Machado
name: Conde, Wolney Lisbôa
name: Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9: Figure S7. Prevalence of the breastfeeding and food indicators and average annual changes for indicators for children under six months of age in Peru according to the year of the survey. DHS, 1990–2018. ENDES, 2018.
Additional file 2 of Associations between new health conditions and healthcare service utilizations among older adults in the United Kingdom: effects of COVID-19 risks, worse financial situation, and lowered income
Creators: name: Han, Bingxue
name: Guan, Hongyi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary table 1. Mediating coefficients of Csk1, CFn1, and CIn1 on the link of Cnd1→Tcn1 in Model 6 (N= 6926). Supplementary table 2. Mediating coefficients of Csk1, CFn1, and CIn1 on the link of Cnd1→Acr11 in Model 6 (N=1896). Supplementary table 3. Mediating coefficients of Csk2, CFn2, and CIn2 on the link of Cnd2→Tcn2 in Model 6 (N= 3090). Supplementary table 4. Mediating coefficients of Csk2, CFn2, and CIn2 on the link of Cnd2→Acr2 in Model 6 (N=3399).
Additional file 1 of A local Talaromyces atroroseus TRP-NRC isolate: isolation, genetic improvement, and biotechnological approach combined with LC/HRESI-MS characterization, skin safety, and wool fabric dyeing ability of the produced red pigment mixture
Creators: name: Salim, Rasha G.
name: Fadel, Mohamed
name: Youssef, Yehya A.
name: Taie, Hanan A. A.
name: Abosereh, Nivien A.
name: El-Sayed, Ghada M.
name: Marzouk, Mohamed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Representative MS spectra for some metabolites identified using both ion modes from the total pigment of T. atroroseus TRP NRC water extract, corresponding to some peaks of different ID (see Table 3); Bold-underline numbers= serial numbers for identified metabolites.
Global estimates of 100-year return values of daily precipitation from ensemble weather prediction data
Creators: name: Ruff, Florian
name: Pfahl, Stephan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: precipitation
subject: weather prediction data
subject: climate
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: High-impact river floods are often caused by very extreme precipitation events with return periods of several decades or centuries, and the design of flood protection measures thus relies on reliable estimates of the corresponding return values. However, calculating such return values from observations is associated with large statistical uncertainties due to the limited length of observational time series, uneven spatial distributions of rain gauges and trends associated with anthropogenic climate change. Here, 100-year return values of daily precipitation are estimated on a global grid based on a large data set of model-generated precipitation events from ensemble weather prediction. In this way, the statistical uncertainties in the return values can be substantially reduced compared to observational estimates due to the substantially longer time series. In spite of a general agreement in spatial patterns, the model-generated data set leads to systematically higher return values than the observations in many regions, with statistically significant differences, for instance, over the Amazon, western Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and India. This might be linked to an overestimation of tropical extreme precipitation in the model or an underestimation of extreme precipitation events in observations, which, if true, would have important consequences for practical water management.
Interannual variations in the seasonal cycle of extreme precipitation in Germany and the response to climate change
Creators: name: Peter, Madlen
name: Rust, Henning W.
name: Ulbrich, Uwe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Interannual variations
subject: extreme precipitation
subject: climate change
subject: Germany
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Annual maxima of daily precipitation sums can be typically described well with a stationary generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. In many regions of the world, such a description does also work well for monthly maxima for a given month of the year. However, the description of seasonal and interannual variations requires the use of non-stationary models. Therefore, in this paper we propose a non-stationary modeling strategy applied to long time series from rain gauges in Germany. Seasonal variations in the GEV parameters are modeled with a series of harmonic functions and interannual variations with higher-order orthogonal polynomials. By including interactions between the terms, we allow for the seasonal cycle to change with time. Frequently, the shape parameter ξ of the GEV is estimated as a constant value also in otherwise instationary models. Here, we allow for seasonal–interannual variations and find that this is beneficial. A suitable model for each time series is selected with a stepwise forward regression method using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). A cross-validated verification with the quantile skill score (QSS) and its decomposition reveals a performance gain of seasonally–interannually varying return levels with respect to a model allowing for seasonal variations only. Some evidence can be found that the impact of climate change on extreme precipitation in Germany can be detected, whereas changes are regionally very different. In general, an increase in return levels is more prevalent than a decrease. The median of the extreme precipitation distribution (2-year return level) generally increases during spring and autumn and is shifted to later times in the year; heavy precipitation (100-year return level) rises mainly in summer and occurs earlier in the year.
Knockdown of TPI in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and its impact on angiogenesis in vitro
Creators: name: Herre, Christina
name: Nshdejan, Arpenik
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
name: Corte, Giuliano Mario
name: Bahramsoltani, Mahtab
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: TPI
subject: angiogenesis in vitro
subject: microvascular endothelial cells
subject: human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::611 Menschliche Anatomie, Zytologie, Histologie

description: Introduction: Angiogenic behaviour has been shown as highly versatile among Endothelial cells (ECs) causing problems of in vitro assays of angiogenesis considering their reproducibility. It is indispensable to investigate influencing factors of the angiogenic potency of ECs. Objective: The present study aimed to analyse the impact of knocking down triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) on in vitro angiogenesis and simultaneously on vimentin (VIM) and adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type 2 (MAT2A) expression. Furthermore, native expression profiles of TPI, VIM and MAT2A in the course of angiogenesis in vitro were examined. Methods: Two batches of human dermal microvascular ECs were cultivated over 50 days and stimulated to undergo angiogenesis. A shRNA-mediated knockdown of TPI was performed. During cultivation, time-dependant morphological changes were detected and applied for EC-staging as prerequisite for quantifying in vitro angiogenesis. Additionally, mRNA and protein levels of all proteins were monitored. Results: Opposed to native cells, knockdown cells were not able to enter late stages of angiogenesis and primarily displayed a downregulation of VIM and an uprise in MAT2A expression. Native cells increased their TPI expression and decreased their VIM expression during the course of angiogenesis in vitro. For MAT2A, highest expression was observed to be in the beginning and at the end of angiogenesis. Conclusion: Knocking down TPI provoked expressional changes in VIM and MAT2A and a deceleration of in vitro angiogenesis, indicating that TPI represents an angiogenic protein. Native expression profiles lead to the assumption of VIM being predominantly relevant in beginning stages, MAT2A in beginning and late stages and TPI during the whole course of angiogenesis in vitro.
Oncolytic Coxsackievirus B3 Strain PD-H Is Effective Against a Broad Spectrum of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines and Induces a Growth Delay in Pancreatic KPC Cell Tumors In Vivo
Creators: name: Geisler, Anja
name: Dieringer, Babette
name: Elsner, Leslie
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
name: Kurreck, Jens
name: Fechner, Henry
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: pancreatic cancer
subject: oncolytic virus
subject: coxsackievirus
subject: KPC cells
subject: PD-H
subject: CVA21
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers globally, with limited success from existing therapies, including chemotherapies and immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A promising new approach is the use of oncolytic viruses (OV), a form of immunotherapy that has been demonstrated clinical effectiveness in various cancers. Here we investigated the potential of the oncolytic coxsackievirus B3 strain (CVB3) PD-H as a new treatment for pancreatic cancer. In vitro, PD-H exhibited robust replication, as measured by plaque assays, and potent lytic activity, as assessed by XTT assays, in most pancreatic tumor cell lines, outperforming two other coxsackievirus strains tested, H3N-375/1TS and CVA21. Thus, H3N-375/1TS showed efficient replication and lytic efficiency in distinctly fewer tumor cell lines, while most tumor cells were resistant to CVA21. The oncolytic efficiency of the three OV largely correlated with mRNA expression levels of viral receptors and their ability to induce apoptosis, as measured by cleaved caspase 3/7 activity in the tumor cells. In a syngeneic mouse model with subcutaneous pancreatic tumors, intratumoral administration of PD-H significantly inhibited tumor growth but did not completely stop tumor progression. Importantly, no virus-related side effects were observed. Although pancreatic tumors respond to PD-H treatment, its therapeutic efficacy is limited. Combining PD-H with other treatments, such as those aiming at reducing the desmoplastic stroma which impedes viral infection and spread within the tumor, may enhance its efficacy.
Coherent Set Identification Via Direct Low Rank Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Creators: name: Polzin, Robert M.
name: Klebanov, Ilja
name: Nüsken, Nikolas
name: Koltai, Péter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Low rank modeling
subject: Coherent sets
subject: Maximum likelihood
subject: Nonnegative matrix factorization
subject: Clustering
subject: Markov state model
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: We analyze connections between two low rank modeling approaches from the last decade for treating dynamical data. The first one is the coherence problem (or coherent set approach), where groups of states are sought that evolve under the action of a stochastic transition matrix in a way maximally distinguishable from other groups. The second one is a low rank factorization approach for stochastic matrices, called direct Bayesian model reduction (DBMR), which estimates the low rank factors directly from observed data. We show that DBMR results in a low rank model that is a projection of the full model, and exploit this insight to infer bounds on a quantitative measure of coherence within the reduced model. Both approaches can be formulated as optimization problems, and we also prove a bound between their respective objectives. On a broader scope, this work relates the two classical loss functions of nonnegative matrix factorization, namely the Frobenius norm and the generalized Kullback–Leibler divergence, and suggests new links between likelihood-based and projection-based estimation of probabilistic models.
Identification of tungiasis infection hotspots with a low-cost, high-throughput method for extracting Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera) offhost stages from soil samples – An observational study
Creators: name: Matharu, Abneel
name: Ouma, Paul
name: Njoroge, Margaret M.
name: Amugune, Billy L.
name: Hyuga, Ayako
name: Mutebi, Francis
name: Krücken, Jürgen
name: Feldmeier, Hermann
name: Elson, Lynne
name: Fillinger, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: tungiasis infection hotspots
subject: Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera)
subject: observational study
subject: high-throughput method
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background: The sand flea, Tunga penetrans, is the cause of a severely neglected parasitic skin disease (tungiasis) in the tropics and has received little attention from entomologists to understand its transmission ecology. Like all fleas, T. penetrans has environmental off-host stages presenting a constant source of reinfection. We adapted the Berlese-Tullgren funnel method using heat from light bulbs to extract off-host stages from soil samples to identify the major development sites within rural households in Kenya and Uganda. Methods and findings: Simple, low-cost units of multiple funnels were designed to allow the extraction of >60 soil samples in parallel. We calibrated the method by investigating the impact of different bulb wattage and extraction time on resulting abundance and quality of off-host stages. A cross-sectional field survey was conducted in 49 tungiasis affected households. A total of 238 soil samples from indoor and outdoor living spaces were collected and extracted. Associations between environmental factors, household member infection status and the presence and abundance of off-host stages in the soil samples were explored using generalized models. The impact of heat (bulb wattage) and time (hours) on the efficiency of extraction was demonstrated and, through a stepwise approach, standard operating conditions defined that consistently resulted in the recovery of 75% (95% CI 63–85%) of all present off-host stages from any given soil sample. To extract off-host stages alive, potentially for consecutive laboratory bioassays, a low wattage (15–25 W) and short extraction time (4 h) will be required. The odds of finding off-host stages in indoor samples were 3.7-fold higher than in outdoor samples (95% CI 1.8–7.7). For every one larva outdoors, four (95% CI 1.3–12.7) larvae were found indoors. We collected 67% of all off-host specimen from indoor sleeping locations and the presence of off-host stages in these locations was strongly associated with an infected person sleeping in the room (OR 10.5 95% CI 3.6–28.4). Conclusion: The indoor sleeping areas are the transmission hotspots for tungiasis in rural homes in Kenya and Uganda and can be targeted for disease control and prevention measures. The soil extraction methods can be used as a simple tool for monitoring direct impact of such interventions.
Coupling MATSim and the PALM Model System - Large Scale Traffic and Emission Modeling with High-Resolution Computational Fluid Dynamics Dispersion Modeling
Creators: name: Laudan, Janek
name: Banzhaf, Sabine
name: Khan, Basit
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: traffic simulation
subject: emission modeling
subject: air pollution
subject: pollution hot spot
subject: CFD
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: To effectively mitigate anthropogenic air pollution, it is imperative to implement strategies aimed at reducing emissions from traffic-related sources. Achieving this objective can be facilitated by employing modeling techniques to elucidate the interplay between environmental impacts and traffic activities. This paper highlights the importance of combining traffic emission models with high-resolution turbulence and dispersion models in urban areas at street canyon level and presents the development and implementation of an interface between the mesoscopic traffic and emission model MATSim and PALM-4U, which is a set of urban climate application modules within the PALM model system. The proposed coupling mechanism converts MATSim output emissions into input emission flows for the PALM-4U chemistry module, which requires translating between the differing data models of both modeling systems. In an idealized case study, focusing on Berlin, the model successfully identified “hot spots” of pollutant concentrations near high-traffic roads and during rush hours. Results show good agreement between modeled and measured NOx concentrations, demonstrating the model’s capacity to accurately capture urban pollutant dispersion. Additionally, the presented coupling enables detailed assessments of traffic emissions but also offers potential for evaluating the effectiveness of traffic management policies and their impact on air quality in urban areas.
title: Redefining organizational digitality
title: a relational-ontological approach inspired by new materialism
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Maack, Linda
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: organizational digitality
subject: relational onotology
subject: intra-action
subject: apparatus
subject: new materialism
subject: organizational orders
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Organizations, as central actors in societal structure, undergo significant transformations due to the impact of digitalization, often resulting in disruptive changes. Consequently, organizations increasingly view digitalization as an ongoing process of negotiation, which has led to the emergence of new operational modes and organizational norms. In this context, the interaction between organizations and digital technologies is characterized by recursive dynamics, which blur conventional boundaries. This presents a challenge in defining the distinct domains of the digital and the organizational within the framework of recursivity. This article draws upon new materialism and agential realism to propose an ontological-relational approach to understanding organizational digitality. This approach suggests a reconceptualization of organizational digitality as a mechanism that generates relational entities, thereby reshaping their inherent meanings. By transcending traditional boundaries between organizations and digital, this perspective provides a nuanced understanding of digital phenomena within organizational contexts.
Impact of viral telomeric repeat sequences on herpesvirus vector vaccine integration and persistence
Creators: name: Kaufer, Benedikt B.
name: Denesvre, Caroline
name: You, Yu
name: Rémy, Sylvie
name: Vychodil, Tereza
name: Courvoisier, Katia
name: Penzes, Zoltán
name: Bertzbach, Luca D.
name: Kheimar, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: viral telomeric repeat sequences
subject: herpesvirus
subject: vector vaccine
subject: vector vaccine integration
subject: vector vaccine persistence
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Marek’s disease virus (MDV) vaccines were the first vaccines that protected against cancer. The avirulent turkey herpesvirus (HVT) was widely employed and protected billions of chickens from a deadly MDV infection. It is also among the most common vaccine vectors providing protection against a plethora of pathogens. HVT establishes latency in T-cells, allowing the vaccine virus to persist in the host for life. Intriguingly, the HVT genome contains telomeric repeat arrays (TMRs) at both ends; however, their role in the HVT life cycle remains elusive. We have previously shown that similar TMRs in the MDV genome facilitate its integration into host telomeres, which ensures efficient maintenance of the virus genome during latency and tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of the TMRs in HVT genome integration, latency, and reactivation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we examined HVT infection of feather follicles. We generated an HVT mutant lacking both TMRs (vΔTMR) that efficiently replicated in cell culture. We could demonstrate that wild type HVT integrates at the ends of chromosomes containing the telomeres in T-cells, while integration was severely impaired in the absence of the TMRs. To assess the role of TMRs in vivo, we infected one-day-old chickens with HVT or vΔTMR. vΔTMR loads were significantly reduced in the blood and hardly any virus was transported to the feather follicle epithelium where the virus is commonly shed. Strikingly, latency in the spleen and reactivation of the virus were severely impaired in the absence of the TMRs, indicating that the TMRs are crucial for the establishment of latency and reactivation of HVT. Our findings revealed that the TMRs facilitate integration of the HVT genome into host chromosomes, which ensures efficient persistence in the host, reactivation, and transport of the virus to the skin.
Will an AI win the next Chemistry Nobel Prize and replace us? - Keynote presentation at FlavourTalk Conference 2024
Creators: name: Frey, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: A Keynote talk from Professor Jeremy Frey at the FlavourTalk 2024 Conference (The Future for Flavours:AI, Biotechnology, and Precision Breeding). In this presentation Professor Frey presents some of the technological advances that have impacted science over the last century and discusses how these might change research and development in the near future.
Solid state fermentation of Lathyrus sativus and sugarcane bagasse by Pleurotus sajor-caju
Creators: name: Iqbal, Zahid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Soil Science
subject: 99901 Agricultural Engineering
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: Education
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Lathyrus sativus (Khesari plant) and sugarcane bagasse are considered as agro wastes. Khesari plants are generally grown in fields as weeds and they have to be removed prior to cultivation. Taking this view in mind, we have investigated the conversion of these lignocellulosic agro-waste as an enriched feed stock for cattle via by solid state fermentation using a cellulolytic fungus, Pleurotus sajor-caju. The strain required 8 weeks to complete
the fermentation on both the untreated and treated (with alkali, lime and presoaked) substrates at 30°C. Higher amounts of reducing sugar and soluble protein were found in each of the lime treated substrates than untreated substrates. Results also indicated that presoaked substrate contain higher amounts of reducing sugar and soluble protein than unsoaked substrate. Among the substrates, mixed substrate (khesari plant + sugarcane bagasse) was
found to accumulate higher amount of sugar, 22.15 mg/g and protein, 22.80 mg/g than those of khesari plant in the 5th week of fermentation. The treatments that augmented the level of sugar and protein were also found to enhance the cellobiase, carboxy methyl cellulase and avicelase activity of crude culture extracts. These results suggest that lime treatment and presoaking seem to increase the digestibility of the substrates by the fungal
cellulolytic enzymes. During eight weeks of fermentation, relatively higher cellobiase activity was found as compared to that of carboxymethylcellulase and avicelase at 30oC for the fungul strain. The results of the present
study clearly indicate that fungal conversion with pretreatment transform these lignocellulosic agro-wastes to a nutritionally enriched animal feed.
New Methodology for Quantifying Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Massoli, Paola
name: Sueper, Donna
name: McDonald, Jacob D.
name: Simpson, Christopher D.
name: Yost, Michael G.
name: Herring, Courtney L.
name: Faiola, Celia L.
name: Erickson, Matthew H.
name: B. Thomas Jobson
name: VanReken, Timothy M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: This article presents a new methodology to potentially quantify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) isomers using high-resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). The fragmentation of PAHs within the HR-AMS is such that significant signal remains at the molecular ion. After quantifying the molecular ion signal and taking into account potential interferences, the amount of the parent PAH in the aerosol may be inferred once its fragmentation pattern is also known. The potential of this approach was evaluated using mixed gasoline and diesel engine exhaust sampled under varying conditions. This dataset led to the identification and quantification within the aerosol mass spectra of the molecular ions associated with 53 PAH isomers, including both unsubstituted and functionalized species. An evaluation of anticipated interferences shows that interferences from larger molecular weight PAHs (i.e., PAH/PAH interferences) could be constrained based on the fragmentation behavior of PAHs from existing HR-AMS laboratory spectra. Other signal interferences for this data set are typically less than 5% of the total signal or, for 13C isotopic interferents, are well constrained by measurements of the dominant isotope. The experimental data reveal that the fractional PAH molecular ion signal remained stable despite dramatic temporal variability of the total particulate organic signal. The fractional contributions of the molecular ions for grouped PAH species and even individual compounds were remarkably consistent across experiments. The distribution of PAHs showed no apparent dependence on engine load or exhaust type. Full application of this approach will require a greater number of standard HR-AMS spectra for PAHs, so that the relationship between compounds and their molecular ions may be understood more precisely.Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
A transnational tourism network based on "complex-integrated" UNESCO touristic principles, focused on Natural WH-sites, in particular those belonging to the UNESCO Marine Programme
Creators: name: Boém, Marika Mazzi
name: Laquidara, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Digital Humanities
subject: Education
subject: Environmental Humanities
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Geography
subject: Economics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: EUHeritage NaTOUR aims to create an innovative, thematic, transnational tourism product addressed to the school-trip tourism (summer camps segment). The project will focus on UNESCO natural WH sites - in particular those belonging to the UNESCO Marine Programme, highlighting the role of “water” as key to preserve our fragile bio-ecosystem as well as planet sustainability. The objectives are: 1.to develop a transnational cultural route mixing together cultural, sustainable and responsible tourism targeted to primary and secondary schools (6-10yrs; 11-13yrs); 2.to increase the competitiveness of the European tourism; 3.to capitalise the shared value of European UNESCO natural WH sites, complementing national, regional and local policies. This will be achieved by stimulating the future generations to understand the outstanding value of WH sites as means of cultural identity; to educate them to a responsible approach when visiting protected areas and natural landscape, by offering an innovative and appealing tourism product able to combine culture, nature, and education. All the selected WH sites will be linked together by their peculiar marine/costal natural landscapes, by their unique cultural identity but also by enhancing their differences in terms of biodiversity, all of them crossed by a distinctive transnational narrative logic with “water” representing the main binding element. Relevant concepts will be represented by sustainability, preservation, protection, turning the WH sites as the ideal destinations where kids could “learn-by-visiting”, enjoying the beauty of the landscapes, contributing to preserve their fragile and unique ecosystems. As a result, a real immersive learning/recreational trip, comprising hands-on curriculum-linked activities, will be created, through the development of ad- hoc info/edu/promo materials: a serious game, a compendium for the tutors a series of webinars for the public and private stakeholders.
The prevalence of injury in Kendo
Creators: name: Schultzel, Mark
name: Schultzel, Matthew
name: Wentz, Brock
name: Bernhardt, Mark
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Kendo is a Japanese martial art analogous to fencing, which is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. The large number of participants creates a need to assess injury patterns to better train them. The purpose of this study is to describe current injury rates in kendo and compare these rates to other martial arts. Methods: This retrospective study used an online questionnaire sent to 500 active members of the All United States Kendo Federation and World Kendo Federation. The questionnaire, based on the NCAA Injury Surveillance System, contains questions regarding location and type of injuries sustained during competition and practice, time lost to training, and competitor demographics. Statistical analyses between competitor demographics and injury rates are provided. Injury rates are expressed as injury rates/minute of competition or practice and by athlete exposures. 95% CIs were calculated. Results: Responses from 307 of 500 kendo players were received (response rate = 61.4%). 41 (18%) male and 13 (16%) female participants reported injury to only one body region, while 16 (7%) men and one (1%) woman reported no injuries. 166 (74%) males and 70 (83%) females reported injuries to two or more body regions. The most common sites of injury involved the foot/ankle (65.1%), wrist/hand (53.5%) and elbow/forearm (48.8%). Most injuries occurred during practice (87.9% foot/ankle, 89.9% wrist/hand, elbow/forearm 92.2%). The most common injuries were contusions, abrasions, and sprains/strains. Injury rates were 121/1000 A-E (0.025 injuries/min) in tournaments versus 20.5/1000 A-E (0.011 injuries/min) in training. 26% of injuries resulted in time off of participation, with an average recovery time of 15 days (range = 1 day–1 year). Conclusions: Although more total injuries occurred in practice than in competition, there was a lower injury rate in kendo than in taekwondo and western-style fencing. This study demonstrates that kendo is a relatively safe sport compared to other martial arts sports.
The prevalence of injury in Kendo
Creators: name: Schultzel, Mark
name: Schultzel, Matthew
name: Wentz, Brock
name: Bernhardt, Mark
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Kendo is a Japanese martial art analogous to fencing, which is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. The large number of participants creates a need to assess injury patterns to better train them. The purpose of this study is to describe current injury rates in kendo and compare these rates to other martial arts. Methods: This retrospective study used an online questionnaire sent to 500 active members of the All United States Kendo Federation and World Kendo Federation. The questionnaire, based on the NCAA Injury Surveillance System, contains questions regarding location and type of injuries sustained during competition and practice, time lost to training, and competitor demographics. Statistical analyses between competitor demographics and injury rates are provided. Injury rates are expressed as injury rates/minute of competition or practice and by athlete exposures. 95% CIs were calculated. Results: Responses from 307 of 500 kendo players were received (response rate = 61.4%). 41 (18%) male and 13 (16%) female participants reported injury to only one body region, while 16 (7%) men and one (1%) woman reported no injuries. 166 (74%) males and 70 (83%) females reported injuries to two or more body regions. The most common sites of injury involved the foot/ankle (65.1%), wrist/hand (53.5%) and elbow/forearm (48.8%). Most injuries occurred during practice (87.9% foot/ankle, 89.9% wrist/hand, elbow/forearm 92.2%). The most common injuries were contusions, abrasions, and sprains/strains. Injury rates were 121/1000 A-E (0.025 injuries/min) in tournaments versus 20.5/1000 A-E (0.011 injuries/min) in training. 26% of injuries resulted in time off of participation, with an average recovery time of 15 days (range = 1 day–1 year). Conclusions: Although more total injuries occurred in practice than in competition, there was a lower injury rate in kendo than in taekwondo and western-style fencing. This study demonstrates that kendo is a relatively safe sport compared to other martial arts sports.
Estimation of Multiple-Regime Threshold Autoregressive Models With Structural Breaks
Creators: name: Yau, Chun Yip
name: Lee, Thomas C. M.
name: Tang, Chong Man
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Medicine

description: The threshold autoregressive (TAR) model is a class of nonlinear time series models that have been widely used in many areas. Due to its nonlinear nature, one major difficulty in fitting a TAR model is the estimation of the thresholds. As a first contribution, this article develops an automatic procedure to estimate the number and values of the thresholds, as well as the corresponding AR order and parameter values in each regime. These parameter estimates are defined as the minimizers of an objective function derived from the minimum description length (MDL) principle. A genetic algorithm (GA) is constructed to efficiently solve the associated minimization problem. The second contribution of this article is the extension of this framework to piecewise TAR modeling; that is, the time series is partitioned into different segments for which each segment can be adequately modeled by a TAR model, while models from adjacent segments are different. For such piecewise TAR modeling, a procedure is developed to estimate the number and locations of the breakpoints, together with all other parameters in each segment. Desirable theoretical results are derived to lend support to the proposed methodology. Simulation experiments and an application to an U.S. GNP data are used to illustrate the empirical performances of the methodology. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
An Objective Approach to Prior Mass Functions for Discrete Parameter Spaces
Creators: name: C. Villa
name: S. G. Walker
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Engineering

description: We present a novel approach to constructing objective prior distributions for discrete parameter spaces. These types of parameter spaces are particularly problematic, as it appears that common objective procedures to design prior distributions are problem specific. We propose an objective criterion, based on loss functions, instead of trying to define objective probabilities directly. We systematically apply this criterion to a series of discrete scenarios, previously considered in the literature, and compare the priors. The proposed approach applies to any discrete parameter space, making it appealing as it does not involve different concepts according to the model. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.