Costus dinklagei K. Schum.
Creators: name: Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de
name: Maas 1, P. J. M.
name: Wieringa 1, J. J.
name: Specht, C. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Zingiberales
Costaceae
Costus
Costus dinklagei

description: <b> 5. <i>Costus dinklagei</i> K.Schum.</b> — Plate 1d; Map 4 <i>Costus dinklagei</i> K.Schum. (1904) 408. — Type: <i>Dinklage 987</i> (holo B de-stroyed), Cameroon, South Province, Gross-Batanga. As the holotype at Berlin was destroyed and no other original material has been located, we hereby select a neotype from a locality not far from the type locality: <i>Van Andel et al.3549</i> (neo WAG 2 sheets [WAG0146035, WAG0380166]; isoneo KRIBI, SCA, U [U0064546], WAG-spirit [WAG0028342], YA), Cameroon, South Province, Mont d’&amp;Edot;léphant, road Bidou-Akom II, foot of the hill, 23 m, 10 June 2001. Terrestrial herb 1–3 m tall. <i>Leaves</i> many; sheaths 0.5–2.5(–3) cm diam; ligule chartaceous, truncate, 10–20 mm long; petiole 3–10 mm long; sheaths, ligule and petiole hairy as the lower side of the leaves; lamina narrowly elliptic, sometimes narrowly obovate, 15–40 by 5–13 cm, upper side glabrous, lower side densely to sparsely covered with erect to appressed brown hairs 0.5–2 mm long, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 15–40 mm long). <i>Inflorescence</i> many-flowered, ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–15 by 2.5–6 cm, terminating a separate leafless shoot 5–30 cm long, rarely terminating a leafy shoot; bracts, bracteoles, calyx, ovary and capsule densely covered with erect hairs &lt;1 mm long. <i>Flowers</i> 1 per bract; bracts green to dark green, sometimes reddish, coriaceous, broadly ovate-elliptic, 1.5–5.5 by 1–3.5 cm, callus 1–2 mm long; appendages ab-sent; bracteole boat-shaped, 16–35 mm long, callus 3–4 mm long; calyx 12–20 mm long, lobes shallowly to broadly ovatetriangular, 2–6 mm long, callus 1–2 mm long; corolla hyaline, white to pale pinkish, 45–55 mm long, glabrous, tube 15–20 mm long, lobes narrowly elliptic, 30–40 mm long; labellum at the outer side white to (pale)pink, inner side white to pink with darker coloured margin and often pale yellow nectar guide, funnel-shaped, broadly obovate when spread out, 40–60 by 30–50 mm, margin crenate or undulate, fimbriate; stamen white, 20–35 by 10–13 mm, apex pink, anther 6–7 mm long. <i>Capsule</i> not seen. <i>Seeds</i> c. 2 by 1 mm. Distribution — West Africa (Nigeria); Central Africa (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon). H. Maas-van de Kamer et al.: Monograph of African <i>Costaceae</i> (((! (! (! (! (! () "")) "") <b>Map 5</b> Distribution of <i>Costus dubius</i> (Afzel.) K. Schum. <b>Map 4</b> Distribution of <i>Costus dinklagei</i> K. Schum. (●) and <i>C. ligularis</i> Baker (■). Habitat &amp; Ecology — In rainforest, often near streams or in wet places, on clay soil, at elevations of 0–1100 m. Flowering and fruiting: from March to July and in December. IUCN Conservation Status — Near Threatened. Notes — <i>Costus dinklagei</i> can be recognized by its inflorescence terminating a separate leafless shoot with 1-flowered bracts and hyaline whitish erect corolla lobes. The labellum is white to pale pink with yellow nectar guide, basally funnelshaped but with the upper part horizontally flattened. The lower side of the leaf lamina, the sheaths and the petioles are hairy. The apex of the stamen of <i>C. dinklagei</i> is narrowly triangular (Hallé 1967). <i>Costus dinklagei</i> can be confused with <i>C. dubius</i> both having a basal inflorescence with green, unappendaged bracts, but <i>C. dinklagei</i> has hyaline, whitish corolla lobes and a white to pale pink labellum with yellow nectar guide and dark pink margin, whereas in <i>C. dubius</i> the white corolla lobes are not hyaline and the labellum is white with only a yellow nectar guide. Moreover, in <i>C. dinklagei</i> the lower side of the lamina, the petioles and the sheaths are distinctly hairy, while all vegetative parts are glabrous in <i>C. dubius</i>.
description: Published as part of <i>Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de, Maas 1, P. J. M., Wieringa 1, J. J. &amp; Specht, C. D., 2016, Monograph of African Costaceae, pp. 280-318 in Blumea 61 (3)</i> on pages 294-295, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X694445, http://zenodo.org/record/7570023