Paraclius xibun Soares, Capellari & Ale-Rocha 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Soares, Matheus M. M.
name: Runyon, Justin B.
name: Capellari, Renato S.
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Dolichopodidae
Paraclius
Paraclius xibun

description: Paraclius xibun Soares, Capellari & Ale-Rocha sp. nov.
(Figs 19–21, 23)
Diagnosis. Postpedicel subrectangular, rounded at apex (Fig. 19F). Anepisternum without yellow spot above coxa I (Fig. 19A). Legs mostly dark brown, except apex of all coxae, all trochanters, extreme base of all femora, apex of femur I, apical 4/5 of tibiae I and II, basal 1/2 of It 1 and IIt 1 yellow (Fig. 19A). Wing membrane grayish, gently brownish anteriorly. M 1 strongly bowed towards R 4+5, strongly concave posteriorly. CuAx ratio: 0.5 (Fig. 19A, G). Male tergite 6 with two rows of 7–8 subequally long lateral setae (Fig. 19E). Ventral lobe of surstylus long and narrow, somewhat digitiform, gently curved ventrally, with stout modified apical seta, and with 1 short ventral and 1 short dorsal setae near base (Fig. 20C, D). Dorsal lobe of surstylus suboval, with dorsal row of short setae at basal 1/2, ending in 1 strong seta at middle and with 1 strong seta at apex (Fig. 20D). Cercus short, suboval, about 1/3 as long as epandrium, yellow, except apex brown, outer surface covered with short setae, ventral and apical edges with long setae (Fig. 20C, G).
Description. Male. Body length: 2.6–3.0 mm; wing length: 2.0– 2.3 mm, width: 0.7 mm (n = 7). Similar to P. arcuatus, except as noted: Head (Fig. 19A, B, F). Upper-most 4 postocular setae black, remaining setae white. Frons covered with dense yellowish gray pruinosity. Face homogeneously covered with dense silvery pruinosity, and as wide as mid ocellus at narrowest point. Palpus short, brownish, covered with a few small black setae at apex, lacking strong apical seta. Antenna dark brown; postpedicel subrectangular, rounded at apex, 1.5X longer than wide; arista-like stylus dorsal, arising at base of postpedicel, length about 3/4 of eye height, two-segmented, first segment short and arched, not overlapping apex of postpedicel, covered with short pubescence, second segment long, about 3X longer than first segment, covered with short microtrichia. Thorax (Fig. 19A, B). Mesonotum mostly metallic green, except for weak acrostichal coppery stripe. Scutellum metallic green. Pleura dark gray, covered with dense silvery pruinosity, with weak greenish and bluish reflections mainly on anepisternum. Metepimeron dark gray. Chaetotaxy: Scutellum with 1 pair of strong medial scutellars and 1 pair of smaller setae laterad, about 1/5 as long as medial scutellars; upper-surface of proepisternum with 2–3 short black setae in front of anterior spiracle. Wing (Fig. 19A, G). Membrane grayish, gently brownish anteriorly. M 1 strongly bowed towards R 4+5, strongly concave posteriorly. CuAx ratio: 0.5. Legs (Fig. 19A). Legs mostly dark brown, except apex of all coxae, all trochanters, extreme base of all femora, apex of femur I, apical 4/5 of tibiae I and II, basal 1/2 of It 1 and IIt 1 yellow. Leg I. Podomere ratios: 26, 21, 8/3/2/2/3. Anterior surface of coxa I covered with silvery pruinosity, apical edge with 3–4 strong setae. Femur I with row of short anteroventral setae (about 1/3 as long as width of femur at broadest point) from base to apical 5/6 ending in 2–3 more conspicuous preapical setae, 2 posteroventral preapical more conspicuous setae. Tarsus I unmodified. Leg II. Podomere ratios: 32, 32, 15/11/9/6/4. Apical edge of coxa II with 2 strong setae. Femur II with anteroventral row of short setae (about 1/3 as long as width of femur), from base to apical 5/6, ending in 2–3 more sparse and conspicuous setae, 1 posteroventral more conspicuous preapical seta and 1 strong preapical anterior seta. Leg III. Podomere ratios: 35, 41, 13/16/12/8/5. Femur III laterally compressed, 1.5X wider than femur II at broadest point. Femur III with row of short setae ending in 2–3 more conspicuous setae at apical 1/3 and 1 strong anterior preapical seta. Abdomen (Figs 19A, E, 20A, B). Metallic green, with weak bluish reflections. Posterior margin of tergite 5 with long setae, but not overlapping posterior margin of tergite 6. Lateral margin of tergite 6 with two rows of 7–8 subequally long lateral setae. Tergite 7 with narrow and deep concavity at posterior margin, almost dividing tergite in two hemitergites. Sternite 2 almost entirely membranous, with two suboval central short hemitergites, both covered with short setae. Sternite 3 almost divided in two triangular hemitergites, with strong lateral setae. Sternite 4 somewhat U-shaped, with lateral row of strong setae. Sternite 5 divided in two long and narrow hemitergites anteriorly, with 2 suboval hemitergites at middle. Sternite 6 plate-shaped, weakly sclerotized. Sternite 8 suboval, with long setae on posterior half. Hypopygium (Figs 19D, 20C–G). Epandrium dark brown, long and narrow, about 3X longer than high, with acute apicoventral lateral ridge (Figs 19D, 20C). Basal apicoventral epandrial seta slightly longer than apical seta and about 2X longer than ventral lobe of surstylus (Fig. 20D). Ventral lobe of surstylus long and narrow, somewhat digitiform, gently curved ventrally, with stout modified apical seta and 1 short ventral and 1 short dorsal setae near base (Fig. 20C, D). Dorsal lobe of surstylus suboval, with dorsal row of short setae at basal 1/2, ending in 1 strong seta at middle; 1 strong seta at apex (Fig. 20D). Postgonite plain, well sclerotized and curved ventrally at apex (Fig. 20E). Proctiger plain, weakly sclerotized. Hypandrium, trough-shaped, with weak connection to epandrium basally, free laterally; apex bifurcate and strongly sclerotized, somewhat arrow-shaped in ventral view; left lateral margin with 2 dentiform preapical processes, apicalmost with serrated margin and basalmost very short, right lateral margin only with serrated process; base of hypandrium projecting up inside epandrial capsule, cradling phallus (Fig. 20C, F). Phallus strongly sclerotized, divided in two narrow arms, narrowing at apex, both arms with 1 subapical short process (Fig. 20E); ejaculatory apodeme long, about 1/2 as long as epandrium, gradually widening towards apex, laterally compressed and weakly sclerotized basally (Fig. 20E). Sperm pump short, somewhat Cshaped, about 1/3 as long as ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 20E). Cercus short, suboval, about 1/3 as long as epandrium, yellow, except apex brown, outer surface covered with short setae, ventral and apical edges with long setae (Figs 19D, 20C, G). Female (Fig. 21). Body length: 2.8–3.2 mm; wing length: 2.2–2.9 mm (n =5). Similar to male, except as noted: postpedicel suboval, as long as wide (Fig. 21C); face and clypeus wide, both wider than ocellar tubercle (Fig. 21B). Terminalia as in P. arcuatus, including number of spines on each acanthophorite.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♁(Fig.19)labelled:“ BELIZE: Cayo District | Sibun River &Hwy[ca 17°12′02.6″N 88°35′29.3″W] | 30.xi.2001, L. Masner | Yellow Pan Trap | river shore” (CNC). Holotype condition: good, not dissected, both antennae with second segment of arista-like stylus and right tarsus II broken off. PARATYPES: same data as holotype (4 ♁, one dissected, 2 ♀, INPA; 7 ♁, one dissected, 3 ♀, one dissected, CNC).
Remarks. Paraclius xibun sp. nov. is similar to P. angustipennis and P. pumilio based on the mostly brown to dark brown legs as discussed above (see Remarks under P. angustipennis and P. pumilio). It can be easily recognized by the vein M 1 strongly bowed towards R 4+5 and strongly concave posteriorly and dorsal lobe of surstylus suboval, with dorsal row of short setae at basal 1/2, ending in 1 strong seta at middle and with 1 strong seta at apex (Fig. 20D).
Etymology. Toponimic, referring to the Sibun River (“Xibun” in the Mayan spelling), the type-locality. Treated as a noun in apposition.
Distribution. Paraclius xibun sp. nov. is recorded only from the type locality in Cayo District, Belize (Fig.
23).
description: Published as part of Soares, Matheus M. M., Runyon, Justin B., Capellari, Renato S. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2023, Review of Paraclius arcuatus species-group (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with description of two new species, pp. 151-182 in Zootaxa 5323 (2) on pages 176-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8204101