cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Permit Markets with an Ex Ante Pollution Target
Creators: name: Rabotyagov, Sergey S.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Rabotyagov, Sergey S.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Kling, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: delivery coefficient
subject: ex ante pollution target
subject: ex post pollution target
subject: permit trading
subject: total permit cap
subject: trading ratio

description: In this paper, we examine the design of permit trading programs when the objective is to minimize the cost of achieving an ex ante pollution target, that is, one that is defined in expectation rather than an ex post deterministic value. We consider two potential sources of uncertainty, the presence of either of which can make our model appropriate: incomplete information on abatement costs and uncertain delivery coefficients. In such a setting, we find three distinct features that depart from the well-established results on permit trading: (1) the regulator's information on firms' abatement costs can matter; (2) the optimal permit cap is not necessarily equal to the ex ante pollution target; and (3) the optimal trading ratio is not necessarily equal to the delivery coefficient even when it is known with certainty. Intuitively, since the regulator is only required to meet a pollution target on average, she can set the trading ratio and total permit cap such that there will be more pollution when abatement costs are high and less pollution when abatement costs are low. Information on firms' abatement costs is important in order for the regulator to induce the optimal alignment between pollution level and abatement costs.
Cs adsorption on Si(001) surface: ab initio study
Creators: name: Shaltaf, R.
name: Mete, E.
name: Ellialtioglu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First-principles calculations using density functional theory based on norm-conserving pseudopotentials have been performed to investigate the Cs adsorption on the Si(001) surface for 0.5 and 1 ML coverages. We found that the saturation coverage corresponds to 1 ML adsorption with two Cs atoms occupying the double layer model sites. While the 0.5 ML covered surface is of metallic nature, we found that 1 ML of Cs adsorption corresponds to saturation coverage and leads to a semiconducting surface. The results for the electronic behavior and surface work function suggest that adsorption of Cs takes place via polarized covalent bonding.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROP INNOVATIONS AND PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION: TRADE AND WELFARE EFFECTS IN THE SOYBEAN COMPLEX
Creators: name: Sobolevsky, Andrei
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Lapan, Harvey E.
name: Sobolevsky, Andrei
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Lapan, Harvey E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: biotechnology
subject: differentiated demand
subject: food labeling
subject: genetically modified products
subject: identity preservation
subject: innovations
subject: intellectual property rights
subject: international trade
subject: loan deficiency payments
subject: market failure
subject: monopoly
subject: Roundup Ready soybeans

description: We develop a new partial equilibrium, four-region world trade model for the soybean complex comprising soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal. In the model, some consumers view genetically modified Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans and products as weakly inferior to conventional ones; the RR seed is patented and sold worldwide by a U.S. firm; and producers employ a costly segregation technology to separate conventional and biotech products in the supply chain. The calibrated model is solved for equilibrium prices, quantities, production patterns, trade flows, and welfare changes under different assumptions regarding regional government's production and trade policies, differentiated consumer tastes, and several other demand and supply parameters. Incomplete adoption of RR technology naturally arises in the free trade equilibrium, with the United States producing both genetically modified and conventional soybeans. The United States, Argentina, Brazil and the Rest of the World all gain from the introduction of RR soybeans, although some groups of agents (producers or consumers) may lose. Compared to free trade with no domestic bans, a ban on RR production in the Rest of the World improves that region's welfare at some levels of segregation costs but hurts the United States. Introduction of the same ban in Brazil benefits its farmers but makes the region worse off, and an import ban on RR products significantly reduces welfare of all agents. Price support programs for U.S. farmers, despite hurting the United States, have the potential to further improve the world's efficiency. The distribution of welfare between consumers and producers appears to be sensitive to several parameters of the model, but region-level outcomes are robust with respect to most of them and are sensitive only to parameters defining the share of consumers conscious of genetically modified organisms and the elasticity of demand for conventional product varieties.
Electrical properties of inhomogeneous tungsten carbide Schottky barrier on 4H-SiC
Creators: name: Vivona, Marilena
name: Greco, Giuseppe
name: Bellocchi, Gabriele
name: Zumbo, Luca
name: Di Franco, Salvatore
name: Saggio, Mario
name: Rascunà, Simone
name: Roccaforte, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the electrical behavior of tungsten carbide (WC) Schottky barrier on 4H-SiC was investigated. First, a statistical current-voltage (I-V) analysis in forward bias, performed on a set of equivalent diodes, showed a symmetric Gaussian-like distribution of the barrier heights after annealing at 700°C, where a low Schottky barrier height ($Φ$B=1.05 eV) and an ideality factor n=1.06 were measured. The low value of the barrier height makes such a WC contact an interesting candidate to reduce the conduction losses in 4H-SiC Schottky diodes. A deeper characterization has been carried out, by monitoring the temperature dependence of the I-V characteristics and the behavior of the relevant parameters $Φ$B and n. The increase of the barrier height and decrease of the ideality factor with increasing temperature indicated a lateral inhomogeneity of the WC/4H-SiC Schottky contact, which was described by invoking the Tung's model. Interestingly, the temperature dependence of the leakage current under reverse bias could be described by considering in the thermionic field emission model the temperature dependent barrier height related to the inhomogeneity. These results can be useful to predict the behavior of WC/4H-SiC Schottky diodes under operative conditions.
Discounting Spotted Apples: Investigating Consumers' Willingness to Accept Cosmetic Damage in an Organic Product
Creators: name: Yue, Chengyan
name: Alfnes, Frode
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Yue, Chengyan
name: Alfnes, Frode
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: appearance
subject: apples
subject: experimental auctions
subject: organic
subject: willingness to pay

description: Organic producers have limited methods of avoiding plant diseases that result in cosmetic damage to produce. Therefore, the appearance of organic produce is often less than perfect. We use an experimental auction to investigate how cosmetic damage affects consumers' willingness to pay for organic apples. We find that 75% of the participants are willing to pay more for organic than for conventional apples given identical appearance. However, at the first sight of any imperfection in the appearance of the organic apples, this segment is significantly reduced. Furthermore, we find that there is a significant effect of interaction between cosmetic damage and product methods. Even though most consumers say they buy organic products to avoid pesticides, we find that cosmetic damage has a larger impact on the willingness to pay for organic apples than for conventional apples.
Wrinkling of microcapsules in shear flow
Creators: name: Finken, Reimar
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic capsules can exhibit short wavelength wrinkling in external shear flow. We analyse this instability of the capsule shape and use the length scale separation between the capsule radius and the wrinkling wavelength to derive analytical results both for the threshold value of the shear rate and for the critical wave-length of the wrinkling. These results can be used to deduce elastic parameters from experiments.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRL
REHABILITATION IN DISEASES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE AND OSTEOCHONDROSIS
Creators: name: Soliev Ilkhomjon Makhammadjonovich Andijan state medical institute rehabilitation, sports medicine,  senior teacher of the department of folk medicine and physical education
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the significance of rehabilitation in managing diseases of the lumbar spine, with a focus on osteochondrosis. The study delves into the effectiveness of various rehabilitation methods, encompassing exercise therapy, physiotherapy, and interventional strategies. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, the article aims to provide insights into the current state of rehabilitation practices and their impact on patients with lumbar spine disorders. The methodology involves reviewing relevant studies and clinical trials to extract valuable information regarding the outcomes of rehabilitation interventions. The results section will present key findings, followed by a discussion of their implications. The conclusion will summarize the importance of rehabilitation in treating lumbar spine diseases, offering suggestions for future research and clinical applications.

Keywords: Lumbar spine, osteochondrosis, rehabilitation, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, chronic back pain, interventional strategies.
Sampling Schemes for Policy Analysis Using Computer Simulation Experiments
Creators: name: Carriquiry, Alicia L.
name: Breidt, F. Jay
name: Lakshminarayan, P.G.
name: Carriquiry, Alicia L.
name: Breidt, F. Jay
name: Lakshminarayan, P.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: computer experiment
subject: sampling
subject: policy analysis

description: Evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of agricultural policies is not a simple task. A systematic approach to policy analysis would include investigating the effect of factors such as tillage practices, crop rotations, type and amount of chemical used, weather, topography, and other soil attributes, on observables such as amount of soil eroded or chemical leached into the groundwater. For comparison purposes, the effects of those factors on the response variable would have to be assessed under alternative policy scenarios. Because the number of factor levels is alarmingly high in most problems, and because policies to be evaluated are often not in place at the time of the study, practitioners have resorted to simulation experiments to generate data. In this paper, we discuss the problem of designing computer simulation experiments, and propose an approach that is based on subsampling the 1992 National Resources Inventory (NRI) points. We apply the procedure to the problem of assessing soil erosion under different policy scenarios.
Inspection Intensity and Market Structure
Creators: name: Marette, Stephan
name: Marette, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: inspection policies
subject: market regulation
subject: regulatory funding

description: An investigation of financing an inspection policy while allowing the enforcement of a market regulation is described. A simple model shows that the intensity of controls depends on the market structure. Under a given number of firms, the per-firm probability of controls is lower than one, since firms' incentive to comply with regulation holds under positive profits. In this case, a lump-sum tax is used for limiting distortions coming from financing with a fixed fee. Under free entry, the per-firm probability of controls is equal to one, and only a fixed fee that prevents excess entry is used to finance inspection.
Eremolaena Baill.
Creators: name: Lowry Ii, Porter P.
name: Haevermans, Thomas
name: Labat, Jean-Noël
name: Schatz, George E.
name: Leroy, Jean-François
name: Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Huerteales
Sarcolaenaceae
Eremolaena

description: EREMOLAENA Baill. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 413 (1884). TYPE. — Eremolaena humblotiana Baill. The genus Eremolaena comprises two species, both of which have been recognized for many decades. Vegetatively they closely resemble several species in the two putatively related genera, including Pentachlaena orientalis, Perrierodendron capuronii, and P. occidentalis, and can sometimes be difficult to recognize without flowers and/or fruits. Distinctive features of the genus include strongly unequal sepals (the outer two being much smaller), an ovary with 3 carpels (vs. 2 in Perrierodendron and 5 in Pentachlaena), and a dehiscent fruit (also present in Pentachlaena) containing only 2 seeds in each locule.
description: Published as part of Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François & Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth, 2000, Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae), pp. 11-31 in Adansonia (3) (3) 22 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
IAP Studie 2022 − Der Mensch in der Arbeitswelt 4.0 : Lernen in der Arbeitswelt 4.0
Creators: name: Majkovic, Anna-Lena
name: Gundrum, Ellen
name: Kornfeind, Julia Maria
name: Müller, Andrea
name: Wirth, Rebecca
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2022
Subjects: Lernen in der Arbeitswelt 4.0
Lernen in Zukunft
Führung und Lernen in der Arbeitswelt 4.0
HR/PE in der Arbeitswelt 4.0
370: Bildung und Erziehung
658.3: Personalmanagement

description: Weitere Informationen und ein Factsheet verfügbar unter: https://www.zhaw.ch/de/psychologie/institute/iap/iap-studie/#c193677
description: Die IAP Studie 2022 stellt das Lernen in den Mittelpunkt und befasst sich damit, wie sich Lernen in der Arbeitswelt 4.0 verändert und welche Lernansätze die aktuellen Bedürfnisse der Organisationen und deren Mitarbeitenden am besten adressieren.
Die Studie geht den Fragen nach: Wann, wo und wie wir heute sowie in Zukunft lernen? Welche Voraussetzungen sind für das Lernen in Organisationen hilfreich? Welche Rolle nehmen dabei das HR, Personalentwicklung und die Führung ein?
Die IAP Studie 2022 umfasst eine quantitative Online-Umfrage und qualitative, strukturierte Interviews mit Führungspersonen und Fachpersonen aus HR und Personalentwicklung aus Unternehmen in der Schweiz.
Meteors: Light from Comets and Asteroids
Creators: name: Matlovič, Pavol
name: Tóth, Juraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In studies of the oldest solar system bodies - comets and asteroids - it is their fragments - meteoroids - that provide the most accessible planetary material for detailed laboratory analysis in the form of dust particles or meteorites. Some asteroids and comets were visited by spacecrafts and returned interplanetary samples to Earth, while missions Hayabusa 2 and OSIRIX-REx visiting asteroids Ryugu and Bennu are ongoing. However, the lack of representative samples of comets and asteroids opens the space to gain more knowledge from direct observations of meteoroids. At collision with the Earth's atmosphere, meteoroids produce light phenomena known as meteors. Different methods can be used to observe meteors, allowing us to study small interplanetary fragments, which would otherwise remain undetected. Numerous impressive meteor showers, storms and meteorite impacts have occurred throughout the recorded history and can now be predicted and analyzed in much more detail. By understanding the dynamics, composition and physical properties of meteoroids, we are able to study the formation history and dynamical evolution of the solar system. This work presents an introduction to meteor astronomy, its fundamental processes and examples of current research topics.
The Lifetime of the Universe
Creators: name: Page, Don N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current observations of the fraction of dark energy and a lower limit on its tension, coupled with an assumption of the non-convexity of the dark energy potential, are used to derive a lower limit of 26 billion years for the future age of the universe. Conversely, our ordered observations, coupled with an assumption that observers are smaller than the universe, are used to argue for an upper limit of about e^10^50 years if the universe eventually undergoes power-law expansion, and an upper limit of only about 10^60 years left for our universe if it continues to expand exponentially at the current rate.
description: 9 pages, submitted to the Journal of the Korean Physical Society for a special issue giving the proceedings of the 9th Italian-Korean Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, Seoul, South Korea, and Mt. Kumgang, North Korea, 2005 July 19-24; 1999 Starobinsky reference added October 5
REGIONAL WELFARE PROGRAMS AND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
Creators: name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Kilkenny, Maureen
name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Kilkenny, Maureen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Welfare recipiency declined and labor force participation increased differentially across the United States over the past decade. This paper investigates whether this is due to the differences in opportunities, behavior, or state welfare program parameters. A model of labor force and program participation choice is developed and estimated. The welfare and labor force participation of midwestern families categorically eligible for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) income support is compared to participation choices by families in the rest of the United States. We find that midwestern labor force participation does differ from that of other regions nationwide, and we show how participation in TANF depends on state-level differences in welfare programs.
Importance of Angle-dependent Partial Frequency Redistribution in Hyperfine Structure Transitions Under Incomplete Paschen-Back Effect Regime
Creators: name: Nagendra, K. N.
name: Sowmya, K.
name: Sampoorna, M.
name: Stenflo, J. O.
name: Anusha, L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angle-frequency coupling in scattering of polarized light on atoms is represented by the angle-dependent (AD) partial frequency redistribution (PRD) matrices. There are several lines in the linearly polarized solar spectrum, for which PRD combined with quantum interference between hyperfine structure states play a significant role. Here we present the solution of the polarized line transfer equation including the AD-PRD matrix for scattering on a two-level atom with hyperfine structure splitting (HFS) and an unpolarized lower level. We account for the effects of arbitrary magnetic fields (including the incomplete Paschen-Back effect regime) and elastic collisions. For exploratory purposes we consider a self-emitting isothermal planar atmosphere and use atomic parameters that represent an isolated Na\,{\sc i} D$_2$ line. For this case we show that the AD-PRD effects are significant for field strengths below about 30G, but that the computationally much less demanding approximation of angle-averaged (AA) PRD may be used for stronger fields.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Dust coagulation feedback on magnetohydrodynamic resistivities in protostellar collapse
Creators: name: Guillet, V.
name: Hennebelle, P.
name: Forêts, G. Pineau des
name: Marcowith, A.
name: Commerçon, B.
name: Marchand, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The degree of coupling between the gas and the magnetic field during the collapse of a core and the subsequent formation of a disk depends on the assumed dust size distribution. We study the impact of grain-grain coagulation on the evolution of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) resistivities during the collapse of a prestellar core. We use a 1-D model to follow the evolution of the dust size distribution, out-of-equilibrium ionization state and gas chemistry during the collapse of a prestellar core. To compute the grain-grain collisional rate, we consider models for both random and systematic, size-dependent, velocities. We include grain growth through grain-grain coagulation and ice accretion, but ignore grain fragmentation. Starting with a MRN (Mathis et al. 1977) size distribution, we find that coagulation in grain-grain collisions generated by hydrodynamical turbulence is not efficient at removing the smallest grains, and as a consequence does not affect much the evolution of the Hall and ambipolar diffusion MHD resistivities which still severly drop during the collapse like in models without coagulation. The inclusion of systematic velocities, possibly induced by the presence of ambipolar diffusion, increases the coagulation rate between small and large grains, removing small grains earlier in the collapse and therefore limiting the drop in the Hall and ambipolar diffusion resistivities. At intermediate densities ($n_{\rm H} \sim 10^8\,$cm$^{-3}$), the Hall and ambipolar diffusion resistivities are found to be higher by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in models with coagulation than in models where coagulation is ignored, and also higher than in a toy model without coagulation where all grains smaller than $0.1\,μ$m would have been removed in the parent cloud before the collapse. When grain drift velocities induced by ambipolar diffusion are included, dust coagulation ... (abridged)
Constrained von Neumann inequalities
Creators: name: Badea, Catalin
name: Cassier, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A63; 47A30 47A30

description: An equivalent formulation of the von Neumann inequality states that the backward shift $S^*$ on $\ell_{2}$ is extremal, in the sense that if $T$ is a Hilbert space contraction, then $\|p(T)\| \leq \|p(S^*)\|$ for each polynomial $p$. We discuss several results of the following type : if $T$ is a Hilbert space contraction satisfying some constraints, then $S^*$ restricted to a suitable invariant subspace is an extremal operator. Several operator radii are used instead of the operator norm. Applications to inequalities of coefficients of rational functions positive on the torus are given.
description: Preprint version
Tearing modes in partially ionized plasmas
Creators: name: Pucci, Fulvia
name: Singh, K. Alkendra P.
name: Tenerani, Anna
name: Velli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many astrophysical environments the plasma is only partially ionized, and therefore the interaction of charged and neutral particles may alter both the triggering of reconnection and its subsequent dynamical evolution. We derive the tearing mode maximum growth rate for partially ionized plasmas in the cases of weak and strong coupling between the plasma and the neutrals. In addition, critical scalings for current sheet aspect ratios are presented in terms of Lundquist number and ion-neutral collision frequencies. In the decoupled regime the standard tearing mode is recovered with a small correction depending on the ion-neutral collision frequency; in the intermediate regime collisions with neutrals are shown to stabilize current sheets, resulting in larger critical aspect ratios for ideal tearing to occur. Nonetheless, the additional electron-neutral collisions, hidden in the definition of the Lundquist number, can shrink the critical aspect ratios below the fully ionized case. In the coupled regime, the growth rate depends on the density ratio between ions and neutrals through the collision frequency between these two species. These provide critical aspect ratios for which the tearing mode instability transitions from slow to ideal, that depend on the neutral-ion density ratio.
description: 5 pages, 0 figure
The Devil is in the Details: Compact Structures in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
Creators: name: Slane, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-scale structure of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) tells us a considerable amount about their average magnetic fields, the total particle input from the pulsar winds, and the confining pressure at their outer boundaries. However, the details of the pulsar outflow, the sites of shocks and particle acceleration, the effects of instabilities in the magnetic field, and the interaction between the relativistic wind and the surrounding ejecta are contained in small-scale structures, where we observe jets and toroidal structures, time-varying emission from compact clumps, and filaments in both the inner and outer regions of the nebulae. Here I review recent observational studies of compact structures in PWNe and present current scenarios (and questions) regarding their origin.
description: 13 pages, 4 embedded EPS figures. Advances in Space Research, in press
The Designation of Co-benefits and Its Implication for Policy: Water Quality versus Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils
Creators: name: Secchi, Silvia
name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Secchi, Silvia
name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: carbon sequestration
subject: co-benefits
subject: environmental benefits targeting
subject: Iowa
subject: land set-aside
subject: water quality

description: This study investigates the implications of treating different environmental benefits as the primary target of policy design. We focus on two scenarios, estimating for both of them in-stream sediment, nutrient loadings, and carbon sequestration. In the first, we assess the impact of a program designed to improve water quality in Iowa on carbon sequestration, and in the second, we calculate the water quality impact of a program aimed at maximizing carbon sequestration. In both cases, the policy instrument is the retirement of land from agricultural production. Our results, limited to the state of Iowa, and to the case of set-aside for water quality or carbon sequestration purposes, indicate that the amount of co-benefits depends on what indicators are used to measure water quality. In general, this study shows that improving "water quality" in the sense of reducing nutrient or sediment loadings is too vague. Even if it is taken to refer to in-stream nutrients, because the responses of nitrogen and phosphorus to conservation efforts are not well correlated, this terminology may not provide much guidance.
On finite simple and nonsolvable groups acting on homology 4-spheres
Creators: name: Mecchia, Mattia
name: Zimmermann, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M60; 57S17; 57S25

description: The only finite nonabelian simple group acting on a homology 3-sphere - necessarily non-freely - is the dodecahedral group $\Bbb A_5 \cong {\rm PSL}(2,5)$ (in analogy, the only finite perfect group acting freely on a homology 3-sphere is the binary dodecahedral group $\Bbb A_5^* \cong {\rm SL}(2,5)$). In the present paper we show that the only finite simple groups acting on a homology 4-sphere, and in particular on the 4-sphere, are the alternating or linear fractional groups groups $\Bbb A_5 \cong {\rm PSL}(2,5)$ and $\Bbb A_6 \cong {\rm PSL}(2,9)$. From this we deduce a short list of groups which contains all finite nonsolvable groups admitting an action on a homology 4-spheres.
description: 15 pages
Solitons and cavitons in a nonlocal Whitham equation
Creators: name: Kulagin, N.
name: Lerman, L.
name: Malkin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37N10, 37J45, 70K44, 74J35

description: Solitons and cavitons (localized solutions with singularities) for the nonlocal Whitham equations are studied. The equation of a fourth order with a parameter in front of fourth derivative for traveling waves is reduced to a reversible Hamiltonian system defined on a two-sheeted four-dimensional space. Solutions of the system which stay on one sheet represent smooth solutions of the equation but those which perform transitions through the branching plane represent solutions with jumps. Using analytic and numerical methods we found many types of homoclinic (and periodic as well) orbits to the equilibria both with a monotone asymptotics and oscillating ones. They correspond to solitons and cavitons of the initial equation. The presence of majority such solutions displays the very complicated dynamics of the system.
description: 28 pages, 21 figures
Pentachlaena orientalis Capuron
Creators: name: Lowry Ii, Porter P.
name: Haevermans, Thomas
name: Labat, Jean-Noël
name: Schatz, George E.
name: Leroy, Jean-François
name: Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Huerteales
Sarcolaenaceae
Pentachlaena
Pentachlaena orientalis

description: 3.Pentachlaena orientalis Capuron Adansonia, sér. 2, 13: 289 (1973). — Type: Service Forestier (Capuron) 8628, Madagascar, Prov. Toamasina, forêt sublittorale sur sable, à Tampolo [STF], au N de Fénérive, [17°17'S, 49°23'E], Nov. 1953 (holo-, P!; iso-, G!, K!, MO!, P [3 sheets]!, TEF). Pentachlaena orientalis occurs in humid forest on sand and laterite, and is known only from Tampolo STF, Analalava W of Foulpointe, and Betampona RNI (Fig. 3). This large tree can reach 25-30 m in height and 80-90 cm dbh (CAPURON 1973), and is easily recognized by its large, elliptic and strongly discolorous leaves, and flowers that are borne on peduncles at least 15 mm long and subtended by distinctly laciniate bracts. Pentachlaena orientalis is known from only seven collections,the most recent of which was made in 1963. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ampody, Tainenaka. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Réserves Naturelles 5917, Betampona RNI; Service Forestier 8628, 12580, Tampolo STF, 19920, Antsaravy, 22108, Mangalimaso, 22778, Analalava.
description: Published as part of Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François & Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth, 2000, Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae), pp. 11-31 in Adansonia (3) (3) 22 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
description: {"references": ["CAPURON R. 1973. - Un Pentachlaena (Sarcolaenacees) nouveau. Adansonia, ser. 2, 13: 289 - 291."]}
Lamellar to micellar phases and beyond: when tactic active systems admit free-energy functionals
Creators: name: O'Byrne, Jérémy
name: Tailleur, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider microscopic models of active particles whose velocities, rotational diffusivities, and tumbling rates depend on the gradient of a local field, which is either externally imposed or depends on all particle positions. Despite the fundamental differences between active and passive dynamics at the microscopic scale, we show that a large class of such tactic active systems admit fluctuating hydrodynamics equivalent to those of interacting Brownian colloids in equilibrium. We exploit this mapping to show how taxis may lead to the lamellar and micellar phases observed for soft repulsive colloids. In the context of chemotaxis, we show how the competition between chemoattractant and chemorepellent may lead to a bona-fide equilibrium liquid-gas phase separation in which a loss of thermodynamic stability of the fluid signals the onset of a chemotactic collapse.
KOMPETENSIYAVIY YONDASHUV ASOSIDA O`SMIR-YOSHLARDA YETAKCHILIK FAOLIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH TEXNOLOGIYASI
Creators: name: Ziyadullayeva, Dilafruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maqolada jamiyat hayotining turli tizimida boshqaruvchi kadr, ya’ni lider yoshlarga bo‘lgan ehtiyoj tobora ortib borayotganligi, uni tanlash mezonlari tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, lider fenomeni, sotsial menejment fanining rivojlanish jarayoni, rivojlangan davlatlarda o`smir-liderlarning kasbiy xususiyatlarini shakllantirish tajribalari haqida fikr-mulohazalar yuritiladi.
Analytical Mechanics Allows Novel Vistas on Mathematical Epidemic Dynamics Modelling
Creators: name: Steinmann, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This contribution aims to shed light on mathematical epidemic dynamics modelling from the viewpoint of analytical mechanics. To set the stage, it recasts the basic SIR model of mathematical epidemic dynamics in an analytical mechanics setting. Thereby, it considers two possible re-parameterizations of the basic SIR model. On the one hand, it is proposed to re-scale time, while on the other hand, to transform the coordinates, i.e.\ the independent variables. In both cases, Hamilton's equations in terms of a suited Hamiltonian as well as Hamilton's principle in terms of a suited Lagrangian are considered in minimal and extended phase and state space coordinates, respectively. The corresponding Legendre transformations relating the various options for the Hamiltonians and Lagrangians are detailed. Ultimately, this contribution expands on a multitude of novel vistas on mathematical epidemic dynamics modelling that emerge from the analytical mechanics viewpoint. As result, it is believed that interesting and relevant new research avenues open up when exploiting in depth the analogies between analytical mechanics and mathematical epidemic dynamics modelling.
Democracy education and the Canadian voting age
Creators: name: Hyde, Martin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The existence of a voting age in Canada is unjust and educationally unsound. It is unjust both because it arbitrarily excludes some people from voting who by any reasonable definition are competent, and because this restriction is not necessary for the safeguarding of Canadian democracy. The existence of this unnecessary, arbitrary restriction on one of the most basic forms of democratic participation teaches a lesson that is antithetical to democracy. Jürgen Habermas's explication of a theory of democracy provides an understanding of democratic participation as consisting of the ability to communicate competently with others. While under this conception voting is necessary only when consensus cannot be reached, in mass democratic societies such as Canada's, in which the time required to reach consensus is generally not available, the act of voting shifts into a more central position. Education for democracy is concerned with the development of citizens who are able to participate in their governance autonomously and justly, which leads us to the question of whether such education is better aided by the existence or absence of a voting age. An analysis of the Canadian political and legal context of the voting age provides a frame for this question. It appears that a Charter challenge to the Elections Act might well result in the age requirement being struck. A reading of Hansard indicates that, in response, Parliament would have two concerns of merit. The first pertains to whether or not permitting those under 18 to vote would harm their interests. The question here is one of who has the right to act paternally toward them in this matter. The second pertains to the need to ensure, in the interest of the whole society, that the values necessary for the continuation of a free and democratic society are not undermined, and where possible enhanced. It is argued that the interests of no one are better served by the existence of a voting age. Educationally, this restriction is unsound in terms of the acquisition of both reason and justice. The implications of this conclusion for educational curriculums are discussed in the final chapter.
A Reexamination of Price Dynamics in the International Wheat Market
Creators: name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Smith, Darnell B.
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Smith, Darnell B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper examines price relationships in the international wheat market using a cointegration and error correction approach. Price series are found to be first difference stationary and cointegrated. Our results provide evidence that the United States, Australia, the European Union, and Argentina react to Canada's pricing decisions whereas Canada does not respond to any other price changes except Australia's. Similarly, the United States also plays a strong role in the pricing of other exporters (except Canada) and its U.S. pricing decision is affected by changes in Canadian and Australian prices. The remaining exporters such as the European Union and Argentina respond to the U.S. and Canadian price changes but do not have any influence on other prices. Overall, our results suggest that there is no distinct price leader in the international wheat market.
EOSC-hub D13.2 Periodical assessment of the services
Creators: name: Malgorzata Krakowian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The report provides assessment and statistics of services provided under virtual access. Furthermore, a set of key common metrics (number of users, number of visits to web-site and marketplace, satisfaction, etc) have been used to perform a global analysis of the impact of the Virtual Access to the EOSC-hub services that shows a remarkable growth of all these metrics during the project lifetime.
IDENTITY PRESERVATION AND LABELING OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED PRODUCTS: SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENFORCEMENT ISSUES
Creators: name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Lapan, Harvey E.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Lapan, Harvey E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: biotechnology
subject: enforcement
subject: food labeling
subject: identity preservation
subject: regulation
subject: uncertainty

description: This paper analyzes economic issues that arise in devising a credible and enforceable system of identity preservation and labeling for genetically modified (GM) and non-GM products. The model represents three stages in the supply chain: farm production, marketing handlers, and final users. The possibility of accidental co-mingling of non-GM products is modeled at the marketing stage. Regulation takes the form of a threshold level of purity for non-GM products, a probability of government testing to verify compliance with the threshold level, and a fine for violators. Uncertainty is modeled explicitly, such that would-be suppliers of non-GM products always face some risk of failing the test and incurring a fine. The paper also presents a novel demand specification for differentiated GM and non-GM products that is particularly useful in our stochastic framework. The results emphasize the role and impact of an uncertain testing technology, a critical feature in this setting. We also highlight the somewhat nonstandard trade-off between frequency of testing and the size of the fine that applies here. Because testing can prevent mislabeled product from reaching the consumer, it can provide a direct welfare benefit. An equilibrium that includes production of the non-GM good may only be supportable with sufficiently high testing frequency (a high penalty for mislabeling may not suffice).
Mira variables in the Galactic bulge with OGLE-II data
Creators: name: Matsunaga, N.
name: Fukushi, H.
name: Nakada, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have extracted a total of 1968 Mira variables from the OGLE-II data base in the Galactic bulge region. Among them, 1960 are associated with 2MASS sources, and 1541 are further identified with MSX point sources. Their photometric properties are compared with those of Mira variables in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. We have found that mass-losing stars with circumstellar matter are reddened such that the colour dependence of the absorption coefficient is similar to that of interstellar matter. We also discuss the structure of the bulge. The surface number density of the bulge Mira variables is well correlated with the 2.2-micron surface brightness obtained by the COBE satellite. Using this relation, the total number of Mira variables in the bulge is estimated to be about 600,000. The logP-K relation of the Mira variables gives their space distribution which supports the well-known asymmetry of the bar-like bulge.
description: 10 pages, 16 figures, published in MNRAS. Added note in proof
Generative Adversarial Phonology: Modeling unsupervised phonetic and phonological learning with neural networks
Creators: name: Beguš, Gašper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Training deep neural networks on well-understood dependencies in speech data can provide new insights into how they learn internal representations. This paper argues that acquisition of speech can be modeled as a dependency between random space and generated speech data in the Generative Adversarial Network architecture and proposes a methodology to uncover the network's internal representations that correspond to phonetic and phonological properties. The Generative Adversarial architecture is uniquely appropriate for modeling phonetic and phonological learning because the network is trained on unannotated raw acoustic data and learning is unsupervised without any language-specific assumptions or pre-assumed levels of abstraction. A Generative Adversarial Network was trained on an allophonic distribution in English. The network successfully learns the allophonic alternation: the network's generated speech signal contains the conditional distribution of aspiration duration. The paper proposes a technique for establishing the network's internal representations that identifies latent variables that correspond to, for example, presence of [s] and its spectral properties. By manipulating these variables, we actively control the presence of [s] and its frication amplitude in the generated outputs. This suggests that the network learns to use latent variables as an approximation of phonetic and phonological representations. Crucially, we observe that the dependencies learned in training extend beyond the training interval, which allows for additional exploration of learning representations. The paper also discusses how the network's architecture and innovative outputs resemble and differ from linguistic behavior in language acquisition, speech disorders, and speech errors, and how well-understood dependencies in speech data can help us interpret how neural networks learn their representations.
description: Provisionally accepted in Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
Perrierodendron Cavaco 1951
Creators: name: Lowry Ii, Porter P.
name: Haevermans, Thomas
name: Labat, Jean-Noël
name: Schatz, George E.
name: Leroy, Jean-François
name: Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Huerteales
Sarcolaenaceae
Perrierodendron

description: PERRIERODENDRON Cavaco Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 23: 138 (1951). TYPE. — Perrierodendron boinense (H. Perrier) Cavaco. C AVACO (1951) described Perrierodendron based on a species originally assigned to Eremolaena by PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE (1925), but which was clearly distinct from that genus on the basis of several features, especially the presence of an indehiscent, 2-locular fruit subtended by an accrescent, entire involucre. CAPURON (1970) mentioned two additional species, but declined to describe them for lack of sufficient material. J.-F. LEROY began preparing a manuscript describing these and two additional new species shortly after CAPURON' s death in 1971, but it remained unpublished at the time he passed away in early 1999. A careful re-evaluation of his work and comparison of the material of Perrierodendron now available shows that five well delimited species can indeed be recognized, four of which are newly described here. Two of these taxa are represented by several collections in flower and fruit, and although the other two are known from very limited material, they appear to be amply distinct to justify describing them at this time.
description: Published as part of Lowry Ii, Porter P., Haevermans, Thomas, Labat, Jean-Noël, Schatz, George E., Leroy, Jean-François & Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth, 2000, Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae), pp. 11-31 in Adansonia (3) (3) 22 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4605658
description: {"references": ["PERRIER DE LA BATHIE H. 1925. - Nouvelles remarques sur les Chlaenacees. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 307 - 313.", "CAPURON R. 1970. - Observations sur les Sarcolaenacees. Adansonia, ser. 2, 10: 247 - 265."]}