cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Compositions of Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage and Milky Way Satellites using APOGEE
Creators: name: Fernandes, Laura
name: Mason, Andrew C.
name: Horta, Danny
name: Schiavon, Ricardo P.
name: Hayes, Christian
name: Hasselquist, Sten
name: Feuillet, Diane
name: Beaton, Rachael L.
name: Jönsson, Henrik
name: Kisku, Shobhit
name: Lacerna, Ivan
name: Lian, Jianhui
name: Minniti, Dante
name: Villanova, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use data from the 17th data release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE 2) to contrast the chemical composition of the recently discovered Gaia Enceladus/Sausage system (GE/S) to those of ten Milky Way (MW) dwarf satellite galaxies: LMC, SMC, Boötes I, Carina, Draco, Fornax, Sagittarius, Sculptor, Sextans and Ursa Minor. Our main focus is on the distributions of the stellar populations of those systems in the [Mg/Fe]-[Fe/H] and [Mg/Mn]-[Al/Fe] planes, which are commonly employed in the literature for chemical diagnosis and where dwarf galaxies can be distinguished from in situ populations. We show that, unlike MW satellites, a GE/S sample defined purely on the basis of orbital parameters falls almost entirely within the locus of "accreted" stellar populations in chemical space, which is likely caused by an early quenching of star formation in GE/S. Due to a more protracted history of star formation, stars in the metal-rich end of the MW satellite populations are characterized by lower [Mg/Mn] than those of their GE/S counterparts. The chemical compositions of GE/S stars are consistent with a higher early star formation rate than MW satellites of comparable and even higher mass, suggesting that star formation in the early universe was strongly influenced by other parameters in addition to mass. We find that the direction of the metallicity gradient in the [Mg/Mn]-[Al/Fe] plane of dwarf galaxies is an indicator of the early star formation rate of the system
description: MNRAS, in press. 13 pages, including 6 figures and 6 tables
Monitoring and Engineering of the Stem Cell Microenvironment: Inkjet Printing of Growth Factors onto Novel Scaffolds for Controlling Musculoskeletal Stem Cell Differentiation and Alignment
Creators: name: Ker, Dai Fei Elmer
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The primary objective of this study was to develop approaches for controlling and monitoring stem cell behavior in vitro and in vivo for potential applications in regenerative medicine. To control stem cell behavior in vitro and in vivo, signaling molecules including growth factors (GFs) were spatially patterned onto novel substrates and scaffolds to instruct stem cells to undergo desired cell behaviors such as musculoskeletal differentiation in register to the biochemical and geometric cues supplied. The premise for this approach is based on the biological phenomenon whereby stem cell behavior can be directed by instructive cues present in its immediate vicinity or microenvironment. Using this methodology, a primitive muscle-tendonbone (MTB) unit was patterned in vitro while ectopic bone tissue was patterned in vivo. In addition, the effect of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microenvironments on osteoblast differentiation was characterized since inflammation is an important component of the wound healing response. In such studies, inflammatory microenvironments were found to inhibit osteoblast differentiation in several musculoskeletal progenitor cells and this inhibition could be reversed with anti-inflammatory IL-10. Primary cells such as muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) were also found to display differing levels of sensitivity to such osteoblast inhibition. To monitor stem cell behavior in vitro, a computer-vision based system was developed for realtime adaptive subculture of muscle-progenitor cells. This computer-directed subculture system minimizes human labor and subjectivity during progenitor cell expansion and cells cultured with this system were comparable to those grown by a human operator. The work described here illustrates methods for controlling and monitoring stem cell behavior and may have potential applications in regenerative medicine.
Chiral and gravitational anomalies on fermi surfaces
Creators: name: Zahed, I.
name: Kharzeev, D.E.
name: Başar, G.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2013

description: A Fermi surface threaded by a Berry phase can be described by the Wess-Zumino-Witten term. After gauging, it produces a five-dimensional Chern-Simons term in the action. We show how this Chern-Simons term captures the essence of the Abelian, non-Abelian, and mixed gravitational anomalies in describing both in- and off-equilibrium phenomena. In particular, we derive a novel contribution to the chiral vortical effect that arises when a temperature gradient is present. We also discuss the issue of universality of the anomalous currents.
The on-orbit performance of the Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment (CUTE) Mission
Creators: name: Egan, Arika
name: Nell, Nicholas
name: Suresh, Ambily
name: France, Kevin
name: Fleming, Brian
name: Sreejith, A. G.
name: Lambert, Julian
name: DeCicco, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the on-orbit performance of the Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment ($CUTE$). $CUTE$ is a 6U CubeSat that launched on September 27th, 2021 and is obtaining near-ultraviolet (NUV, 2480 A -- 3306 A) transit spectroscopy of short-period exoplanets. The instrument comprises a 20 cm $\times$ 8 cm rectangular Cassegrain telescope, an NUV spectrograph with a holographically ruled aberration-correcting diffraction grating, and a passively cooled, back-illuminated NUV-optimized CCD detector. The telescope feeds the spectrograph through an 18$'$ $\times$ 60$''$ slit. The spacecraft bus is a Blue Canyon Technologies XB1, which has demonstrated $\leq$ 6$''$ jitter in 56% of $CUTE$ science exposures. Following spacecraft commissioning, an on-orbit calibration program was executed to characterize the $CUTE$ instrument's on-orbit performance. The results of this calibration indicate that the effective area of $CUTE$ is $\approx$ 19.0 -- 27.5 cm$^{2}$ and that the average intrinsic resolution element is 2.9 A across the bandpass. This paper describes the measurement of the science instrument performance parameters as well as the thermal and pointing characteristics of the observatory.
Network connectivity in non-convex domains with reflections
Creators: name: Georgiou, Orestis
name: Bocus, Mohammud Z.
name: Rahman, Mohammed R.
name: Dettmann, Carl P.
name: Coon, Justin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent research has demonstrated the importance of boundary effects on the overall connection probability of wireless networks but has largely focused on convex deployment regions. We consider here a scenario of practical importance to wireless communications, in which one or more nodes are located outside the convex space where the remaining nodes reside. We call these `external nodes', and assume that they play some essential role in the macro network functionality e.g. a gateway to a dense self-contained mesh network cloud. Conventional approaches with the underlying assumption of only line-of-sight (LOS) or direct connections between nodes, fail to provide the correct analysis for such a network setup. To this end we present a novel analytical framework that accommodates for the non-convexity of the domain and explicitly considers the effects of non-LOS nodes through reflections from the domain boundaries. We obtain analytical expressions in 2D and 3D which are confirmed numerically for Rician channel fading statistics and discuss possible extensions and applications.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, letter
Additional file 4 of A critical review: developing a birth integrity framework for epidemiological studies through meta-ethnography
Creators: name: Batram-Zantvoort, Stephanie
name: Wandschneider, Lisa
name: Razum, Oliver
name: Miani, Céline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Overview on included studies’ characteristics.
Supplementary document for Deep learning on photoacoustic tomography to remove image distortion due to inaccurate measurement of scanning radius - 6623720.pdf
Creators: name: Mondal, Sudeep
name: Paul, Subhadip
name: Singh, Navjot
name: Saha, Ratan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Some figures are included in this file so that the texts in the manuscript can be explained better.
Volume independence in the large N limit and an emergent fermionic symmetry
Creators: name: Başar, G.
name: Cherman, A.
name: Dorigoni, D.
name: Ünsal, M.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2013

description: Large-N volume independence in circle-compactified QCD with adjoint Weyl fermions implies the absence of any phase transitions as the radius is dialed to arbitrarily small values. This class of theories is believed to possess a Hagedorn density of hadronic states. It turns out that these properties are in apparent tension with each other, because a Hagedorn density of states typically implies a phase transition at some finite radius. This tension is resolved if there are degeneracies between the spectra of bosonic and fermionic states, as happens in the Nf=1 supersymmetric case. Resolution of the tension for Nf>1 then suggests the emergence of a fermionic symmetry at large N, where there is no supersymmetry. We can escape the Coleman-Mandula theorem since the N=∞ theory is free, with a trivial S matrix. We show an example of such a spectral degeneracy in a nonsupersymmetric toy example which has a Hagedorn spectrum.
Free space interference experiments with single photons and single ions
Creators: name: Slodička, Lukáš
name: Hétet, Gabriel
name: Hennrich, Markus
name: Blatt, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trapped ion crystals have proved to be one of the most viable physical implementations of quantum registers and a promising candidate for a scalable realization of quantum networks. The latter will require the development of an efficient interface between trapped ions and photons. We describe two research directions that are currently investigated to realize such photonic quantum interfaces in free space using high numerical aperture optics. The first approach investigates how strong focusing of light onto a single ion can increase the interaction strength to achieve efficient interaction between a photon and the ion. The second approach uses a probabilistic measurement on scattered photons to generate entanglement between two ions that could be used to distribute information in a quantum network. For both approaches a higher numerical aperture would increase the efficiency of the interface.
description: to appear as a book chapter in a compilation "Engineering the Atom-Photon Interaction" published by Springer in 2015, edited by A. Predojevic and M. W. Mitchell
Strong magnetic fields detected in the cores of 11 red giant stars using gravity-mode period spacings
Creators: name: Deheuvels, S.
name: Li, G.
name: Ballot, J.
name: Lignières, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite their importance in stellar evolution, little is known about magnetic fields in the interior of stars. The recent seismic detection of magnetic fields in the core of several red giant stars has given measurements of their strength and information on their topology. We revisit the puzzling case of hydrogen-shell burning giants that show deviations from the expected regular period spacing of gravity modes. These stars also tend to have a too low measured period spacing compared to their counterparts. We here show that these two features are well accounted for by strong magnetic fields in the cores of these stars. For 11 Kepler red giants showing these anomalies, we place lower limits on the core field strengths ranging from 40 to 610 kG. For one star, the measured field exceeds the critical field above which gravity waves no longer propagate in the core. We find that this star shows mixed mode suppression at low frequency, which further suggests that this phenomenon might be related to strong core magnetic fields.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted as an Letter in A&A
Variational problems of Herglotz type with time delay: DuBois-Reymond condition and Noether's first theorem
Creators: name: Santos, Simao P. S.
name: Martins, Natalia
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K15, 49S05, 34H05

description: We extend the DuBois-Reymond necessary optimality condition and Noether's first theorem to variational problems of Herglotz type with time delay. Our results provide, as corollaries, the DuBois-Reymond necessary optimality condition and the first Noether theorem for variational problems with time delay recently proved in [Numer. Algebra Control Optim. 2 (2012), no. 3, 619-630]. Our main result is also a generalization of the first Noether-type theorem for the generalized variational principle of Herglotz proved in [Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal. 20 (2002), no. 2, 261-273].
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will be published in the journal Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series A, ISSN 1078-0947 (Print), ISSN 1553-5231 (Online). Submitted 01/May/2014; revised 14/Oct/2014; accepted for publication 20/Jan/2015
Multi-Agent Pickup And Delivery Planning With Transfers
Creators: name: Coltin, Brian
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Pickup and Delivery Problems (PDPs), mobile vehicles retrieve and deliver a set of items. The PDP is a well-studied, NP-hard problem. Examples of the PDP include mail and courier services, taxis, ridesharing services, and robots such as our own CoBots and CreBots, which retrieve and deliver items for the occupants of a building, and are the motivation for this thesis. The goal of the PDP is to find a schedule that delivers as many items as possible at the lowest cost, under various constraints such as time windows and vehicle capacities. We augment the PDP with transfers to form the PDP with Transfers (PDP-T). Instead of having a single vehicle retrieve and deliver each item, vehicles can transfer items to other vehicles (or chains of vehicles) for delivery. Allowing transfers makes lower cost solutions feasible, but increases the number of possible schedules exponentially. In this thesis, we contribute a series of algorithms to form schedules for variants of the PDP-T. We introduce the Very Large Neighborhood Search with Transfers (VLNS-T) algorithm to plan schedules for the most general version of the PDP-T, with constraints including time windows, capacities, vehicle start and end locations, maximum item transport times, and maximum vehicle route durations. We also contribute algorithms for simplified variants of the PDP-T, which take advantage of the problem structure to find solutions more quickly and more effectively than the general algorithm for specific PDP-T variants, some with provable guarantees. We also study the challenges of deploying PDP-T schedules on physical robots, and execute PDP-T schedules on the CoBots. The robots reschedule their tasks in response to new requests, delays, failures, and shared information from other robots. We also introduce the CreBots, which transfer items fully autonomously. Our PDP-T algorithms are evaluated on benchmark problems, on the CoBots, and on problems on city maps sampled from real world taxi data, demonstrating that lower cost schedules can be found with transfers.
Multiple-Cue Object Recognition for Interactionable Objects
Creators: name: Aboutalib, Sarah
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Category-level object recognition is a fundamental capability for the potential
use of robots in the assistance of humans in useful tasks. There have been
numerous vision-based object recognition systems yielding fast and accurate
results in constrained environments. However, by depending on visual cues,
these techniques are susceptible to object variations in size, lighting, rotation,
and pose, all of which cannot be avoided in real video data. Thus, the task of
object recognition still remains very challenging.

My thesis work builds upon the fact that robots can observe humans interacting
with the objects in their environment. We refer to the set of objects,
which can be involved in the interaction as `interactionable' objects. The interaction
of humans with the `interactionable' objects provides numerous nonvisual
cues to the identity of objects.

In this thesis, I will introduce a
flexible object recognition approach called
Multiple-Cue Object Recognition (MCOR) that can use multiple cues of any
predefined type, whether they are cues intrinsic to the object or provided by
observation of a human.
In pursuit of this goal, the thesis will provide several contributions: A representation
for the multiple cues including an object definition that allows for
the
flexible addition of these cues; Weights that reflect the various strength
of association between a particular cue and a particular object using a probabilistic
relational model, as well as object displacement values for localizing
the information in an image; Tools for defining visual features, segmentation,
tracking, and the values for the non-visual cues; Lastly, an object recognition
algorithm for the incremental discrimination of potential object categories.

We evaluate these contributions through a number of methods including
simulation to demonstrate the learning of weights and recognition based on an
analytical model, an analytical model that demonstrates the robustness of the
MCOR framework, and recognition results on real video data using a number
of datasets including video taken from a humanoid robot (Sony QRIO), video
captured from a meeting setting, scripted scenarios from outside universities,
and unscripted TV cooking data.

Using the datasets, we demonstrate the basic features of the MCOR algorithm
including its ability to use multiple cues of different types. We demonstrate
the applicability of MCOR to an outside dataset. We show that MCOR
has better recognition results over vision-only recognition systems, and show
that performance only improves with the addition of more cue types.
Dynamics of reversals and condensates in 2D Kolmogorov flows
Creators: name: Mishra, Pankaj Kumar
name: Herault, Johann
name: Fauve, Stephan
name: Verma, Mahendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present direct numerical simulations of the different two-dimensional flow regimes generated by a constant spatially periodic forcing balanced by viscous dissipation and large scale drag with a dimensionless damping rate $1/Rh$. The linear response to the forcing is a $6\times6$ square array of counter-rotating vortices, which is stable when the Reynolds number $Re$ or $Rh$ are small. After identifying the sequence of bifurcations that lead to a spatially and temporally chaotic regime of the flow when $Re$ and $Rh$ are increased, we study the transitions between the different turbulent regimes observed for large $Re$ by varying $Rh$. A large scale circulation at the box size (the condensate state) is the dominant mode in the limit of vanishing large scale drag ($Rh$ large). When $Rh$ is decreased, the condensate becomes unstable and a regime with random reversals between two large scale circulations of opposite signs is generated. It involves a bimodal probability density function of the large scale velocity that continuously bifurcates to a Gaussian distribution when $Rh$ is decreased further.
description: Submitted to Physical Review E
Additional file 5 of A critical review: developing a birth integrity framework for epidemiological studies through meta-ethnography
Creators: name: Batram-Zantvoort, Stephanie
name: Wandschneider, Lisa
name: Razum, Oliver
name: Miani, Céline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Process of identifying key concepts in conceptual clusters. Table S1. Disrespect and abuse (D&A), Mistreatment during facility-based childbirth (MisC). Table S2. Respectful maternity care (RMC). Table S3. Childbirth experiences (CE). Table S4. Maternal satisfaction (MS). Table S5. Obstetric violence. Table S6. Person-centered care (PCC).
Holographic Pomeron and the Schwinger mechanism
Creators: name: Başar, G.
name: Yee, H.-U.
name: Kharzeev, D.E.
name: Zahed, I.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2012

description: We revisit the problem of dipole-dipole scattering via exchanges of soft Pomerons in the context of holographic QCD. We show that a single closed string exchange contribution to the eikonalized dipole-dipole scattering amplitude yields a Regge behavior of the elastic amplitude; the corresponding slope and intercept are different from previous results obtained by a variational analysis of semiclassical surfaces. We provide a physical interpretation of the semiclassical worldsheets driving the Regge behavior for (-t)>0 in terms of worldsheet instantons. The latter describe the Schwinger mechanism for string pair creation by an electric field, where the longitudinal electric field E L=σ Ttanh(χ/2) at the origin of this nonperturbative mechanism is induced by the relative rapidity χ of the scattering dipoles. Our analysis naturally explains the diffusion in the impact parameter space encoded in the Pomeron exchange; in our picture, it is due to the Unruh temperature of accelerated strings under the electric field. We also argue for the existence of a "micro-fireball" in the middle of the transverse space due to the soft Pomeron exchange, which may be at the origin of the thermal character of multiparticle production in ep/pp collisions. After summing over uncorrelated multi-Pomeron exchanges, we find that the total dipole-dipole cross section obeys the Froissart unitarity bound.
Additional file 6 of A critical review: developing a birth integrity framework for epidemiological studies through meta-ethnography
Creators: name: Batram-Zantvoort, Stephanie
name: Wandschneider, Lisa
name: Razum, Oliver
name: Miani, Céline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Measurement level: Process of identifying themes.
Chern-Simons diffusion rate in strongly coupled N=4 SYM plasma in an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Kharzeev, D.E.
name: Başar, G.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2012

description: We calculate the Chern-Simons diffusion rate in a strongly coupled N=4 super Yang-Mills plasma in the presence of a constant external U(1) R magnetic flux via the holographic correspondence. Because of the strong interactions between the charged fields and non-Abelian gauge fields, the external Abelian magnetic field affects the thermal Yang-Mills dynamics and increases the diffusion rate, regardless of its strength. We obtain the analytic results for the Chern-Simons diffusion rate both in the weak and strong magnetic field limits. In the latter limit, we show that the diffusion rate scales as B×T2 and this can be understood as a result of a dynamical dimensional reduction.
Myopic Best-Response Learning in Large-Scale Games
Creators: name: Swenson, Brian Woodbury
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This dissertation studies multi-agent algorithms for learning Nash equilibrium strategies in games with many players. We focus our study on a set of learning dynamics in which agents seek to myopically optimize their next-stage utility given some forecast of opponent behavior; i.e., players act according to myopic best response dynamics. The prototypical algorithm in this class is the well-known fictitious play (FP) algorithm. FP dynamics are intuitively simple and can be seen as the \natural" learning dynamics associated with the Nash equilibrium concept. Accordingly, FP has received extensive study over the years and has been used in a variety of applications. Our contributions may be divided into two main research areas. First, we study fundamental properties of myopic best response (MBR) dynamics in large-scale games. We have three main contributions in this area. (i) We characterize the robustness of MBR dynamics to a class of perturbations common in real-world applications. (ii) We study FP dynamics in the important class of large-scale games known as potential games. We show that for almost all potential games and for almost all initial conditions, FP converges to a pure-strategy (deterministic) equilibrium. (iii) We develop tools to characterize the rate of convergence of MBR algorithms in potential games. In particular, we show that the rate of convergence of FP is \almost always" exponential in potential games. Our second research focus concerns implementation of MBR learning dynamics in large-scale games. MBR dynamics can be shown, theoretically, to converge to equilibrium strategies in important classes of large-scale games (e.g., potential games). However, despite theoretical convergence guarantees, MBR dynamics can be extremely impractical to implement in large games due to demanding requirements in terms of computational capacity, information overhead, communication infrastructure, and global synchronization. Using the aforementioned robustness result, we study practical methods to mitigate each of these issues. We place a special emphasis on studying algorithms that may be implemented in a network-based setting, i.e., a setting in which inter-agent communication is restricted to a (possibly sparse) overlaid communication graph. Within the network-based setting, we also study the use of so-called \inertia" in MBR algorithms as a tool for learning pure-strategy NE.
Electric dipole moment induced by a QCD instanton in an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Dunne, G.V.
name: Kharzeev, D.E.
name: Başar, G.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2012

description: In the chiral magnetic effect, there is a competition between a strong magnetic field, which tends to project positively charged particles to have spin aligned along the magnetic field, and a chirality imbalance which may be produced locally by a topologically nontrivial gauge field such as an instanton. We study the properties of the Euclidean Dirac equation for a light fermion in the presence of both a constant Abelian magnetic field and an SU(2) instanton. In particular, we analyze the zero modes analytically in various limits, both on R4 and on the four-torus, in order to compare with recent lattice QCD results, and study the implications for the electric dipole moment.
Conformal anomaly as a source of soft photons in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Skokov, V.
name: Kharzeev, D.E.
name: Başar, G.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2012

description: We introduce a novel photon production mechanism stemming from the conformal anomaly of QCD×QED and the existence of strong (electro)magnetic fields in heavy ion collisions. Using the hydrodynamical description of the bulk modes of QCD plasma, we show that this mechanism leads to the photon production yield that is comparable to the yield from conventional sources. This mechanism also provides a significant positive contribution to the azimuthal anisotropy of photons, v 2, as well as to the radial "flow." We compare our results to the data from the PHENIX Collaboration.
New Paradigms and Optimality Guarantees in Statistical Learning and Estimation
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Xiang
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Machine learning (ML) has become one of the most powerful classes of tools for
artificial intelligence, personalized web services and data science problems across
fields. Within the field of machine learning itself, there had been quite a number of
paradigm shifts caused by the explosion of data size, computing power, modeling
tools, and the new ways people collect, share, and make use of data sets.
Data privacy, for instance, was much less of a problem before the availability of
personal information online that could be used to identify users in anonymized data
sets. Images, videos, as well as observations generated over a social networks, often
have highly localized structures, that cannot be captured by standard nonparametric
models. Moreover, the “common task framework” that is adopted by many sub-
disciplines of AI has made it possible for many people to collaboratively and repeated
work on the same data set, leading to implicit overfitting on public benchmarks. In
addition, data collected in many internet services, e.g., web search and targeted ads,
are not iid, but rather feedbacks specific to the deployed algorithm.
This thesis presents technical contributions under a number of new mathematical
frameworks that are designed to partially address these new paradigms.
•
Firstly, we consider the problem of statistical learning with privacy constraints.
Under Vapnik’s general learning setting and the formalism of differential privacy
(DP), we establish simple conditions that characterizes the private learnability,
which reveals a mixture of positive and negative insight. We then identify
generic methods that reuses existing randomness to effectively solve private
learning in practice; and discuss weaker notions of privacy that allows for more
favorable privacy-utility tradeoff.
•
Secondly, we develop a few generalizations of trend filtering, a locally-adaptive
nonparametric regression technique that is minimax in 1D, to the multivariate
setting and to graphs. We also study specific instances of the problems, e.g.,
total variation denoising on d-dimensional grids more closely and the results
reveal interesting statistical computational trade-offs.
•
Thirdly, we investigate two problems in sequential interactive learning: a) off-
policy evaluation in contextual bandits, that aims to use data collected from one
algorithm to evaluate the performance of a different algorithm; b) the problem
of adaptive data analysis, that uses randomization to prevent adversarial data
analysts from a form of “p-hacking” through multiple steps of sequential data
access.
In the above problems, we will provide not only performance guarantees of
algorithms but also certain notions of optimality. Whenever applicable, careful
empirical studies on synthetic and real data are also included.
Non-Local Damage Modeling of Rocks under the conditions of High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT)
Creators: name: Mudasar  Zahoor
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90799 Environmental Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This work is an attempt to develop a physically realistic model to understand the behavior and failure of rocks, especially under the extreme conditions of High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT). A platform is laid in the preliminary work where 1D pure and ductile damage models are developed respectively. These models are based on an elasto-plastic model with an additional governing equation incorporated to facilitate the inclusion of damage. This additional governing equation is called the damage evolution equation. In the ductile damage model, it is assumed that the damage is driven and controlled by plasticity. The concepts developed in the preliminary work of 1D modeling are then taken into the study of 3D problems. The main problems studied are: the unconstrained uniaxial compression, the completely constrained uniaxial compression and the dynamic indentation problem. The dynamic indentation problem is the representation of an idealized rock drilling process. The results from the indentation problem are found to be in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results (Abd Al-Jalil, Y.Q 2006).
Multiwavelength Scrutiny of X-ray Sources in Dwarf Galaxies: ULXs versus AGN
Creators: name: Thygesen, Erica
name: Plotkin, Richard M.
name: Soria, Roberto
name: Reines, Amy E.
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Anderson, Gemma E.
name: Baldassare, Vivienne F.
name: Owens, Milo G.
name: Urquhart, Ryan T.
name: Gallo, Elena
name: Miller-Jones, James C. A.
name: Paul, Jeremiah D.
name: Rollings, Alexandar P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Owing to their quiet evolutionary histories, nearby dwarf galaxies (stellar masses $M_\star \lesssim 3 \times 10^9 M_\odot$) have the potential to teach us about the mechanism(s) that 'seeded' the growth of supermassive black holes, and also how the first stellar mass black holes formed and interacted with their environments. Here, we present high spatial-resolution observations of three dwarf galaxies in the X-ray (Chandra), the optical/near-infrared (Hubble Space Telescope), and the radio (Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array). These three galaxies were previously identified as hosting candidate active galactic nuclei on the basis of lower resolution X-ray imaging. With our new observations, we find that X-ray sources in two galaxies (SDSS J121326.01+543631.6 and SDSS J122111.29+173819.1) are off nuclear and lack corresponding radio emission, implying they are likely luminous X-ray binaries. The third galaxy (Mrk 1434) contains two X-ray sources (each with $L_{\rm X} \approx 10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$) separated by 2".8, has a low metallicity (12 + log (O/H) = 7.8), and emits nebular \ion{He}{II} $λ$4686 line emission. The northern source has spatially coincident point-like radio emission at 9.0 GHz and extended radio emission at 5.5 GHz. We discuss X-ray binary interpretations (where an ultraluminous X-ray source blows a 'radio bubble') and active galactic nucleus interpretations (where a $\approx 4\times10^5 M_\odot$ black hole launches a jet). In either case, we find that the \ion{He}{II} emission cannot be photoionised by the X-ray source, unless the source was $\approx$30-90 times more luminous several hundred years ago.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 1 figure, 6 tables
Gross-Neveu models, nonlinear Dirac equations, surfaces and strings
Creators: name: Dunne, G.V.
name: Başar, G.
Publisher: name: Springer Verlag
Year: 2011

description: Recent studies of the thermodynamic phase diagrams of the Gross-Neveu model (GN2), and its chiral cousin, the NJL2 model, have shown that there are phases with inhomogeneous crystalline condensates. These (static) condensates can be found analytically because the relevant Hartree-Fock and gap equations can be reduced to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, whose deformations are governed by the mKdV and AKNS integrable hierarchies, respectively. Recently, Thies et al. have shown that time-dependent Hartree-Fock solutions describing baryon scattering in the massless GN2 model satisfy the Sinh-Gordon equation, and can be mapped directly to classical string solutions in AdS3. Here we propose a geometric perspective for this result, based on the generalized Weierstrass spinor representation for the embedding of 2d surfaces into 3d spaces, which explains why these well-known integrable systems underlie these various Gross-Neveu gap equations, and why there should be a connection to classical string theory solutions. This geometric viewpoint may be useful for higher dimensional models, where the relevant integrable hierarchies include the Davey-Stewartson and Novikov-Veselov systems.
Abundance analysis of APOGEE spectra for 58 metal-poor stars from the bulge spheroid
Creators: name: Razera, R.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Moura, T. C.
name: Ernandes, H.
name: Pérez-Villegas, A.
name: Souza, S. O.
name: Chiappini, C.
name: Queiroz, A. B. A.
name: Anders, F.
name: Fernández-Trincado, J. G.
name: Friaça, A. C. S.
name: Cunha, K.
name: Smith, V. V.
name: Santiago, B. X.
name: Schiavon, R. P.
name: Valentini, M.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Schultheis, M.
name: Geisler, D.
name: Sobeck, J.
name: Placco, V. M
name: Zoccali, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central part of the Galaxy host a multitude of stellar populations, including the spheroidal bulge stars, stars moved to the bulge through secular evolution of the bar, inner halo, inner thick disk, inner thin disk, as well as debris from past accretion events. We identified a sample of 58 candidate stars belonging to the stellar population of the spheroidal bulge, and analyse their abundances. The present calculations of Mg, Ca, and Si lines are in agreement with the APOGEE-ASPCAP abundances, whereas abundances of C, N, O, and Ce are re-examined. We find normal $α$-element enhancements in oxygen, similar to magnesium, Si, and Ca abundances, which are typical of other bulge stars surveyed in the optical in Baade's Window. The enhancement of [O/Fe] in these stars suggests that they do not belong to accreted debris. No spread in N abundances is found, and none of the sample stars is N-rich, indicating that these stars are not second generation stars originated in globular clusters. Ce instead is enhanced in the sample stars, which points to an s-process origin such as due to enrichment from early generations of massive fast rotating stars, the so-called spinstars
description: to be published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Supplementary document for Deep learning on photoacoustic tomography to remove image distortion due to inaccurate measurement of scanning radius - 6653678.pdf
Creators: name: Mondal, Sudeep
name: Paul, Subhadip
name: Singh, Navjot
name: Saha, Ratan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplimentary figures
Chiral magnetic spirals
Creators: name: Dunne, G.V.
name: Başar, G.
name: Kharzeev, D.E.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2010

description: We argue that the presence of a very strong magnetic field in the chirally broken phase induces inhomogeneous expectation values, of a spiral nature along the magnetic field axis, for the currents of charge and chirality, when there is finite baryon density or an imbalance between left and right chiralities. This "chiral magnetic spiral" is a gapless excitation transporting the currents of (i) charge (at finite chirality), and (ii) chirality (at finite baryon density) along the direction of the magnetic field. In both cases it also induces in the transverse directions oscillating currents of charge and chirality. In heavy ion collisions, the chiral magnetic spiral possibly provides contributions both to the out-of-plane and the in-plane dynamical charge fluctuations recently observed at BNL RHIC.
Additional file 1 of Stigmas of holoparasitic Phelipanche arenaria (Orobanchaceae) – a suitable ephemeric flower habitat for development unique microbiome
Creators: name: Ruraż, Karolina
name: Przemieniecki, Sebastian Wojciech
name: Błaszak, Magdalena
name: Czarnomska, Sylwia Dagmara
name: Ochmian, Ireneusz
name: Piwowarczyk, Renata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. The sequence similarity to the most probable species of bacteria and fungi identified in culture method colonising stigmas of Phelipanche arenaria.
Proper Motions and Trajectories for 16 Extreme Runaway and Hypervelocity Stars
Creators: name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Anderson, Jay
name: Gnedin, Oleg Y.
name: Bond, Howard E.
name: Geller, Margaret J.
name: Kenyon, Scott J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure proper motions with the Hubble Space Telescope for 16 extreme radial velocity stars, mostly unbound B stars in the Milky Way halo. Twelve of these stars have proper motions statistically consistent with zero, and thus have radial trajectories statistically consistent with a Galactic center "hypervelocity star" origin. The trajectory of HE 0437-5439 is consistent with both Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud origins. A Galactic center origin is excluded at 3-sigma confidence for two of the lowest radial velocity stars in our sample, however. These two stars are probable disk runaways and provide evidence for ~500 km/s ejections from the disk. We also measure a significant proper motion for the unbound sdO star US 708. Its 1,000 km/s motion is in some tension with proposed supernova ejection models, but can be explained if US 708 was ejected from the stellar halo. In the future, we expect Gaia will better constrain the origin of these remarkable unbound stars.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
Impactful scientists have higher tendency to involve collaborators in new topics
Creators: name: Zeng, An
name: Fan, Ying
name: Di, Zengru
name: Wang, Yougui
name: Havlin, Shlomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In scientific research, collaboration is one of the most effective ways to take advantage of new ideas, skills, resources, and for performing interdisciplinary research. Although collaboration networks have been intensively studied, the question of how individual scientists choose collaborators to study a new research topic remains almost unexplored. Here, we investigate the statistics and mechanisms of collaborations of individual scientists along their careers, revealing that, in general, collaborators are involved in significantly fewer topics than expected from controlled surrogate. In particular, we find that highly productive scientists tend to have higher fraction of single-topic collaborators, while highly cited, i.e., impactful, scientists have higher fraction of multi-topic collaborators. We also suggest a plausible mechanism for this distinction. Moreover, we investigate the cases where scientists involve existing collaborators into a new topic. We find that compared to productive scientists, impactful scientists show strong preference of collaboration with high impact scientists on a new topic. Finally, we validate our findings by investigating active scientists in different years and across different disciplines.
description: 26+23 pages, 6+18 figures
Supplementary document for Deep learning on photoacoustic tomography to remove image distortion due to inaccurate measurement of scanning radius - 6654299.pdf
Creators: name: Mondal, Sudeep
name: Paul, Subhadip
name: Singh, Navjot
name: Saha, Ratan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplimentary figures
Transmission-line decelerators for atoms in high Rydberg states
Creators: name: Lancuba, P.
name: Hogan, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beams of helium atoms in Rydberg states with principal quantum number $n=52$, and traveling with an initial speed of 1950 m/s, have been accelerated, decelerated and guided while confined in moving electric traps generated above a curved, surface-based electrical transmission line with a segmented center conductor. Experiments have been performed with atoms guided at constant speed, and with accelerations exceeding $10^7$ m/s$^2$. In each case the manipulated atoms were detected by spatially resolved, pulsed electric field ionization. The effects of tangential and centripetal accelerations on the effective trapping potentials experienced by the atoms in the decelerator have been studied, with the resulting observations highlighting contributions from the density of excited Rydberg atoms to the acceleration, deceleration and guiding efficiencies in the experiments.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
The height of convective plumes in the red supergiant $μ$ Cep
Creators: name: Ariste, A. López
name: Wavasseur, M.
name: Mathias, Ph.
name: Lèbre, A.
name: Tessore, B.
name: Georgiev, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We seek to understand convection in red supergiants and the mechanisms that trigger the mass loss from cool evolved stars. Methods. Linear spectropolarimetry of the atomic lines of the spectrum of $μ$ Cep reveals information well outside the wavelength range expected from previous models. This is interpreted as structures in expansion that are visible in the front hemisphere and sometimes also in the back hemisphere. We model the plasma distribution together with its associated velocities through an inversion algorithm to fit the observed linear polarization. Results. We find that supposing the existence of plasma beyond the limb rising high enough to be visible above it can explain the observed linear polarization signatures as well as their evolution in time. From this we are able to infer the geometric heights of the convective plumes and establish that this hot plasma rises to at least 1.1 R*. Conclusions. $μ$ Cep appears to be in an active phase in which plasma rises often above 1.1 R* . We generalize this result to all red supergiants in a similarly evolved stage, which at certain epochs may easily send plasma to greater heights, as $μ$ Cep appears to be doing at present. Plasma rising to such heights can easily escape the stellar gravity.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A