cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sports Leagues' New Social Media Policies: Enforcement under Copyright Law and State Law
Creators: Hull, Michelle R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Copyright
Sports
Professional sports--Law and legislation
Social media--Law and legislation
Intellectual property

description: In 2009, the National Hockey League ("NHL"), National Football League ("NFL") and National Basketball Association ("NBA") became the first major North American sports leagues to announce social media restrictions. The major sports leagues have similar social media policies, the broadest of which extends longstanding copyright infringement warnings to social media websites like Facebook and Twitter. The more narrow social media restrictions limit only playby- play uploading by players, personnel and coaches, while the broader restrictions purport to prohibit real-time uploading of play-by-play game approximations by all Internet users. The NFL, which has always barred play-by-play descriptions of games in progress, extended that ban to social media platforms, requesting that social media play-by-play game accounts be time delayed and limited in amount, in order to protect the game coverage of accredited licensees. The leagues' request that social media platforms not host game time play-by-play approximations raises questions regarding sports leagues' enforcement of their intellectual property rights. Given that billions of social media users around the globe are able to upload from virtually any public sporting event or broadcast using mobile devices, the sports leagues' social media policies face issues of enforceability. Contract and property law supply the legal framework for leagues' authority to control the uploading capabilities of sports arena attendees. Employment law forms the legal backbone of the leagues' uploading restrictions covering players, coaches, officials and league personnel. Yet, by purporting to extend traditional copyright law to social media sites, and by stating that play-by-play approximations might infringe accredited rights holders, the new restrictions potentially reach millions of independent users. As the sports leagues may face challenges as to whether social media restrictions are legal and enforceable, the leagues might look to copyright law through theories of secondary liability and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Alternatively, the leagues can look to state law, with claims tailored to navigate around the so-called "hot news" preemption doctrine.
Bures and Statistical Distance for Squeezed Thermal States
Creators: name: Twamley, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the Bures distance between two thermal squeezed states and deduce the Statistical Distance metric. By computing the curvature of this metric we can identify regions of parameter space most sensitive to changes in these parameters and thus lead to optimum detection statistics.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure (not included - obtain from Author) To appear in Journal of Physics A
Copyright from Inside the Box: A View from the U.S. Copyright Office
Creators: Kasunic, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Copyright--Art
subject: Law and art
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Copyright
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Good morning. I want to thank Professors Ginsburg and Besek for inviting me to speak today and introducing me. I also want to thank everyone at the Kernochan Center and the Journal of Law and the Arts for their assistance. It’s always a pleasure to be here—a block from where I grew up. And an entire event about copyrightability, what a wonderful thing. This topic is usually covered in just a couple minutes in a panel, but I really want to welcome you to my world at the U.S. Copyright Office. I’d also like to take a moment for a pitch for a twenty-first century Copyright Office as well. This is a picture of the Office as it appeared in the 1920s, so we are actually not still using typewriters. This is a more current view of my office that, on a daily basis, examines more claims than the federal courts review in any given year. The issues that come up are enormously varied and complex. But where we start our assessment of copyrightability in the Office is where we start when we first begin studying copyright law, and where we start when we’re teaching copyright with our students—back to the basic principles of copyright, and some of the seminal cases on creativity.
Additional file 9: of Dynamic transcriptome landscape of Asian domestic honeybee (Apis cerana) embryonic development revealed by high-quality RNA sequencing
Creators: name: Xiaofen Hu
name: Ke, Li
name: Zilong Wang
name: Zhijiang Zeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S6. KEGG pathways enriched with novel genes identified in the embryonic development. (DOCX 14Â kb)
From Dumpster to Dicta: How the BALCO Investigation Created Incurable Violations of Players' Rights and How to Prevent Them
Creators: Ikegami, Bryan T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Doping in sports
subject: Drug testing
subject: Sports--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Baseball is widely regarded as America's pastime. With that designation comes certain expectations from the American public about the integrity of the game. Major League Baseball ("MLB") has faced challenges to that integrity in the past, including gambling and drug use, but its response has generally been timely and adequate. To the extent these controversies involved illegal activity, the government has stepped in accordingly. Presently, the sport is mired in a well-documented controversy regarding player use of performance enhancing drugs. By and large, the government has not had to police the league itself. This time, however, MLB's response was slow and insufficient. As a result, each branch of the government got involved. President George W. Bush directly addressed the issue in his State of the Union Address on January 20, 2004, calling on "team owners, union representatives, coaches and players to take the lead, to send the right signal, to get tough and to get rid of steroids now." On March 17-18, 2005, six players and four executives testified before the House Committee on Government Reform regarding drug use in baseball. During that same year, members of Congress introduced at least three bills aimed at curbing the drug problem in professional sports. Each bill required all players in the four major professional sports leagues to submit to mandatory uniform testing for performance enhancing drugs ("PEDs"). Meanwhile, federal investigators began targeting an illegal drug ring in Northern California, which subsequently ballooned into protracted litigation. The origin and resolution of United States v. Comprehensive Drug Testing, Inc. is the primary focus of this Note.
Larkin-Ovchinnikov state of superconducting Weyl metals: Fundamental differences between pairings restricted and extended in the $\it{\textbf{k}}$-space
Creators: name: Hao, Lei
name: Wang, Rui
name: Hosur, Pavan
name: Ting, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two common approaches of studying theoretically the property of a superconductor are shown to have significant differences, when they are applied to the Larkin-Ovchinnikov state of Weyl metals. In the first approach the pairing term is restricted by a cutoff energy to the neighborhood of the Fermi surface, whereas in the second approach the pairing term is extended to the whole Brillouin zone. We explore their difference by considering two minimal models for the Weyl metal. For a model giving a single pair of Weyl pockets, both two approaches give a partly-gapped (fully-gapped) bulk spectrum for small (large) pairing amplitude. However, for very small cutoff energy, a portion of the Fermi surface can be completely unaffected by the pairing term in the first approach. For the other model giving two pairs of Weyl pockets, while the bulk spectrum for the first approach can be fully gapped, the one from the second approach has a robust line node, and the surface states are also changed qualitatively by the pairing. We elucidate the above differences by topological arguments and analytical analyses. A factor common to both of the two models is the tilting of the Weyl cones which leads to asymmetric normal state band structure with respect to the Weyl nodes. For the Weyl metal with two pairs of Weyl pockets, the band folding leads to a double degeneracy in the effective model, which distinguishes the pairing of the second approach from all others.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures
An Approach to Why Typography Should be Copyrightable
Creators: Phares, Gloria C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Authorship
subject: Law and art
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Copyright--Art
subject: Graphic design (Typography)
subject: Printing
subject: Copyright
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Thank you. I’m not going to talk about anything that’s nearly as sexy as tattoos. I want to thank all the organizers and staff for their hard work and for including me in what has turned out to be an extremely interesting day. June earlier said that this panel is concerned with the scope of protection, and I am here to talk about typefaces, which, in the United States, unlike most of the rest of the world, have no copyright protection at all. With the exception, in a way, of the fact that the computer programs that produce digitized typefaces are protected by copyright, although the typefaces that they produce are not.
Lamé Parameter Estimation from Static Displacement Field Measurements in the Framework of Nonlinear Inverse Problems
Creators: name: Hubmer, Simon
name: Sherina, Ekaterina
name: Neubauer, Andreas
name: Scherzer, Otmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65J22, 65J15, 74G75

description: We consider a problem of quantitative static elastography, the estimation of the Lamé parameters from internal displacement field data. This problem is formulated as a nonlinear operator equation. To solve this equation, we investigate the Landweber iteration both analytically and numerically. The main result of this paper is the verification of a nonlinearity condition in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space context. This condition guarantees convergence of iterative regularization methods. Furthermore, numerical examples for recovery of the Lamé parameters from displacement data simulating a static elastography experiment are presented.
description: 29 pages
Uniqueness of Solutions to the Helically Reduced Wave Equation with Sommerfeld Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Torre, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the helical reduction of the wave equation with an arbitrary source on $(n+1)$-dimensional Minkowski space, $n\geq2$. The reduced equation is of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type on ${\bf R}^n$. We obtain a uniqueness theorem for solutions on a domain consisting of an $n$-dimensional ball $B$ centered on the reduction of the axis of helical symmetry and satisfying ingoing or outgoing Sommerfeld conditions on $\partial B\approx S^{n-1}$. Non-linear generalizations of such boundary value problems (with $n=3$) arise in the intermediate phase of binary inspiral in general relativity.
Additional file 1: of An internet-based intervention for people with psychosis (EviBaS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: RĂźegg, Nina
name: Moritz, Steffen
name: Berger, Thomas
name: LĂźdtke, Thies
name: Westermann, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Questionnaire about Side Effects Psychosis and Internet (QueSPI). (DOCX 20 kb)
Linked cluster expansions beyond nearest neighbour interactions: convergence and graph classes
Creators: name: Pordt, A.
name: Reisz, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the technique of linked cluster expansions on hypercubic lattices to actions that couple fields at lattice sites which are not nearest neighbours. We show that in this case the graphical expansion can be arranged in such a way that the classes of graphs to be considered are identical to those of the pure nearest neighbour interaction. The only change then concerns the computation of lattice imbedding numbers. All the complications that arise can be reduced to a generalization of the notion of free random walks, including hopping beyond nearest neighbour. Explicit expressions for combinatorical numbers of the latter are given. We show that under some general conditions the linked cluster expansion series have a non-vanishing radius of convergence.
description: 20 pages, latex2e
Scalar products and norm of Bethe vectors for integrable models based on $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_{n})$
Creators: name: Hutsalyuk, A.
name: Liashyk, A.
name: Pakuliak, S. Z.
name: Ragoucy, E.
name: Slavnov, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain recursion formulas for the Bethe vectors of models with periodic boundary conditions solvable by the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz and based on the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_{n})$. We also present a sum formula for their scalar products. This formula describes the scalar product in terms of a sum over partitions of the Bethe parameters, whose factors are characterized by two highest coefficients. We provide different recursions for these highest coefficients. In addition, we show that when the Bethe vectors are on-shell, their norm takes the form of a Gaudin determinant.
description: 29 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.08173. v2: version to appear in SciPost Phys
Multiplet of skyrmion states on a curvilinear defect: skyrmion lattices as a ground state
Creators: name: Kravchuk, Volodymyr P.
name: Sheka, Denis D.
name: Volkov, Oleksii M.
name: Rößler, Ulrich K.
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
name: Makarov, Denys
name: Gaididei, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the presence of a localized curvilinear defect drastically changes magnetic properties of a thin perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic film. For a large enough defect amplitude a discrete set of equilibrium magnetization states appears forming a ladder of energy levels. Each equilibrium state has either zero or unit topological charge, i.e. topologically trivial and skyrmion multiplets generally appear. Transitions between the levels with the same topological charge are allowed and can be utilized to encode and switch a bit of information. There is a wide range of geometrical and material parameters, where the skyrmion level has the lowest energy. As a result, periodically arranged curvilinear defects generate a skyrmion lattice as the ground state.
Additional file 8: of Dynamic transcriptome landscape of Asian domestic honeybee (Apis cerana) embryonic development revealed by high-quality RNA sequencing
Creators: name: Xiaofen Hu
name: Ke, Li
name: Zilong Wang
name: Zhijiang Zeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S5. Summary of the embryonic transcriptomes (FPKM >â 1) and comparison with the annotated A. cerana. reference genes. (DOCX 17Â kb)
Bulk Motion of Ultrarelativistic Conical Blazar Jets
Creators: name: Gopal-Krishna
name: Wiita, Paul J.
name: Dhurde, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Allowing for the conical shape of ultrarelativistic blazar jets with opening angles of a few degrees on parsec-scales we show that their bulk Lorentz factors and viewing angles can be much larger than the values usually inferred by combining their flux variability and proper motion measurements. This is in accord with our earlier finding that such ultrarelativistic (Lorentz factor, Gamma > 30) conical jets can reconcile the relatively slow apparent motions of VLBI knots in TeV blazars with the extremely fast flows implied by their rapid gamma-ray variability. This jet geometry also implies that de-projected jet opening angles will typically be significantly underestimated from VLBI measurements. In addition, de-projected jet lengths will be considerably overestimated if high Lorentz factors and significant opening angles are not taken into account.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Versatile engineering of multimode squeezed states by optimizing the pump spectral profile in spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Creators: name: Arzani, Francesco
name: Fabre, Claude
name: Treps, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum correlations induced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) of a frequency comb. We derive a theoretical method to find the output state corresponding to a pump with an arbitrary spectral profile. After applying it to the relevant example of a spectrally chirped pump, we run an optimization algorithm to numerically find the pump profiles maximizing some target functions. These include the number of independently squeezed modes and the variances of nullifiers defining cluster states used in many continuous-variable quantum information protocols. To assess the advantages of pump-shaping in real experiments we take into account the physical limitations of the pulse shaper.
description: Updated title, improved presentation and figures, added references, corrected typos. Closer to the version accepted for publication
Additional file 7 of Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that chlorophyll metabolism contributes to leaf color changes in wucai (Brassica campestris L.) in response to cold
Creators: name: Yuan, Lingyun
name: Zhang, Liting
name: Wu, Ying
name: Zheng, Yushan
name: Nie, Libing
name: Zhang, Shengnan
name: Lan, Tian
name: Zhao, Yang
name: Zhu, Shidong
name: Hou, Jinfeng
name: Chen, Guohu
name: Tang, Xiaoyan
name: Wang, Chenggang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table S7. DEGs of the circadian rhythm pathway.
Optical conductivity of a two-dimensional metal near a quantum-critical point: the status of the "extended Drude formula"
Creators: name: Chubukov, Andrey V.
name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical conductivity of a metal near a quantum critical point (QCP) is expected to depend on frequency not only via the scattering time but also via the effective mass, which acquires a singular frequency dependence near a QCP. We check this assertion by computing diagrammatically the optical conductivity, $σ' (Ω)$, near both nematic and spin-density wave (SDW) quantum critical points (QCPs) in 2D. If renormalization of current vertices is not taken into account, $σ' (Ω)$ is expressed via the quasiparticle residue $Z$ (equal to the ratio of bare and renormalized masses in our approximation) and transport scattering rate $γ_{\text{tr}}$ as $σ' (Ω)\propto Z^2 γ_{\text{tr}}/Ω^2$. For a nematic QCP ($γ_{\text{tr}}\proptoΩ^{4/3}$ and $Z\proptoΩ^{1/3}$), this formula suggests that $σ'(Ω)$ would tend to a constant at $Ω\to 0$. We explicitly demonstrate that the actual behavior of $σ' (Ω)$ is different due to strong renormalization of the current vertices, which cancels out a factor of $Z^2$. As a result, $σ' (Ω)$ diverges as $1/Ω^{2/3}$, as earlier works conjectured. In the SDW case, we consider two contributions to the conductivity: from hot spots and from"lukewarm" regions of the Fermi surface. The hot-spot contribution is not affected by vertex renormalization, but it is subleading to the lukewarm one. For the latter, we argue that a factor of $Z^2$ is again cancelled by vertex corrections. As a result, $σ' (Ω)$ at a SDW QCP scales as $1/Ω$ down to the lowest frequencies.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Optimized $δ$ - Expansion for Lattice U(1) and SU(2) with Interpolating Continuum Action
Creators: name: Bender, Iring
name: Gromes, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Embedding the lattice gauge theory into a continuum theory allows to use the continuum action as trial action in the variational calculation. Only originally divergent graphs contribute. This leads to a very simple scheme which makes it possible to write down explicit expressions for the plaquette energy $E$ for U(1) in arbitrary space time dimension for the first three orders of the expansion. For dimensions three and four one can even go up to fourth order. This allows a rather thorough empirical investigation of the convergence properties of the $δ$-expansion, in particular near the phase transition or the transition region, respectively. As already found in previous work, the principle of minimal sensitivity can be only applied for $β$ above a certain value, because otherwise no extremum with respect to the variational parameter exists. One can, however, extend the range of applicability down to small $β$, by calculating instead of $E$ some power $E^κ$, or by performing an appropriate Padé transformation. We find excellent agreement with the data for $β$ above the transition region for the second and higher orders. Below the transition region the agreement is rather poor in low orders, but quite impressive in fourth order. For SU(2) we performed the calculation up to second order. The agreement with the data is somewhat worse than in the abelian case.
description: LaTeX, 18 pages, 7 pages with figures
Additional file 13: of Exposure to the gut microbiota drives distinct methylome and transcriptome changes in intestinal epithelial cells during postnatal development
Creators: name: Pan, Wei-Hung
name: Sommer, Felix
name: Falk-Paulsen, Maren
name: Ulas, Thomas
name: Best, Philipp
name: Fazio, Antonella
name: Priyadarshini Kachroo
name: Luzius, Anne
name: Jentzsch, Marlene
name: Ateequr Rehman
name: Müller, Fabian
name: Lengauer, Thomas
name: Walter, Jörn
name: Künzel, Sven
name: Baines, John
name: Schreiber, Stefan
name: Franke, Andre
name: Schultze, Joachim
name: Bäckhed, Fredrik
name: Rosenstiel, Philip
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Expression analysis of selected genes involved in DNA methylation: Dnmt1 (DNA methyltransferase 1), Dnmt3b (DNA methyltransferase 3b), Tet1 (Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1), Tet2 (Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2), Uhrf1 (Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1), Uhrf2 (Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 2), Mbd2 (Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Protein 2), Mbd3 (Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Protein 3), Foxo3 (Forkhead box O3). (PDF 448 kb)
On-the-fly reduction of open loops
Creators: name: Buccioni, Federico
name: Pozzorini, Stefano
name: Zoller, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building on the open-loop algorithm we introduce a new method for the automated construction of one-loop amplitudes and their reduction to scalar integrals. The key idea is that the factorisation of one-loop integrands in a product of loop segments makes it possible to perform various operations on-the-fly while constructing the integrand. Reducing the integrand on-the-fly, after each segment multiplication, the construction of loop diagrams and their reduction are unified in a single numerical recursion. In this way we entirely avoid objects with high tensor rank, thereby reducing the complexity of the calculations in a drastic way. Thanks to the on-the-fly approach, which is applied also to helicity summation and for the merging of different diagrams, the speed of the original open-loop algorithm can be further augmented in a very significant way. Moreover, addressing spurious singularities of the employed reduction identities by means of simple expansions in rank-two Gram determinants, we achieve a remarkably high level of numerical stability. These features of the new algorithm, which will be made publicly available in a forthcoming release of the OpenLoops program, are particularly attractive for NLO multi-leg and NNLO real-virtual calculations.
description: v2 as accepted by EPJ C: extended discussion of the triangle reduction and its numerical stability in section 5.4.2; speed benchmarks for 2->5 processes included in section 6.2.1; ref. added
Coupled oscillators with power-law interaction and their fractional dynamics analogues
Creators: name: Korabel, Nickolay
name: Zaslavsky, George M.
name: Tarasov, Vasily E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional chain of coupled oscillators with long-range power-law interaction is considered. The equation of motion in the infrared limit are mapped onto the continuum equation with the Riesz fractional derivative of order $α$, when $0
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Three new p-coumaroylated sesquiterpenoids from Pilea cavaleriei
Creators: name: Zhou, Yong
name: Ren, Heng-Chun
name: Zhang, Qing-Ying
name: Liang, Hong
name: Tu, Peng-Fei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Four p-coumaroylated sesquiterpenoids (1–4), including three new ones (1, 2, and 4), were isolated from the whole plants of Pilea cavaleriei. Their structures were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with data reported in the literature. Compounds 1–4 were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activities, and 2 and 4 were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with the MIC values of 19.6 ± 0.19 and 17.4 ± 0.12 μg/mL, respectively.
Additional file 12: of Exposure to the gut microbiota drives distinct methylome and transcriptome changes in intestinal epithelial cells during postnatal development
Creators: name: Pan, Wei-Hung
name: Sommer, Felix
name: Falk-Paulsen, Maren
name: Ulas, Thomas
name: Best, Philipp
name: Fazio, Antonella
name: Priyadarshini Kachroo
name: Luzius, Anne
name: Jentzsch, Marlene
name: Ateequr Rehman
name: Müller, Fabian
name: Lengauer, Thomas
name: Walter, Jörn
name: Künzel, Sven
name: Baines, John
name: Schreiber, Stefan
name: Franke, Andre
name: Schultze, Joachim
name: Bäckhed, Fredrik
name: Rosenstiel, Philip
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Genomic location of DMPs (CONV-R versus GF) in the three developmental stages. (PDF 384 kb)
Additional file 7: of Transcriptome-wide identification of optimal reference genes for expression analysis of Pyropia yezoensis responses to abiotic stress
Creators: name: Gao, Dong
name: Kong, Fanna
name: Peipei Sun
name: Guiqi Bi
name: Yunxiang Mao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Figure S6. Three boxplot graphs representing the pairwise differences in the gene expression values of 9 candidate reference genes under all conditions (A), dehydration stress (B) and temperature stress (C) respectively. (PDF 368 kb)
The Role of Weak Interactions in Characterizing Peptide Folding Preferences using a QTAIM Interpretation of the Ramachandran Plot (ϕ-ψ)
Creators: name: Momen, Roya
name: Azizi, Alireza
name: Wang, Lingling
name: Ping, Yang
name: Xu, Tianlv
name: Kirk, Steven R.
name: Li, Wenxuan
name: Manzhos, Sergei
name: Jenkins, Samantha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ramachandran plot is a potent way to understand structures of biomolecules, however, the original formulation of the Ramachandran plot only considers backbone conformations. We formulate a new interpretation of the original Ramachandran plot ($ϕ-ψ$) that can include a description of the weaker interactions including both the hydrogen bonds and H$---$H bonds as a new way to derive insights into the phenomenon of peptide folding. We use QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in molecules) to interpret the Ramachandran plot. Specifically, we show that QTAIM analysis permits identifying key regions of the Ramachandran plot without the need for massive data sets. A highly non-linear relationship is found between the QTAIM vector-derived interpreted Ramachandran plot and the conventional Ramachandran plot ($ϕ-ψ$) demonstrating that this new approach is not a trivial coordinate transformation. An investigation of both the backbone and the weaker bonds within the framework of the QTAIM interpreted Ramachandran plot was found to be in line with physical intuition. The least-preferred directions calculated for the hydrogen bonds and H$---$H bonds were found to coincide with the 'unlikely' regions of the Ramachandran plot.
description: Submitted to IJQC
The Standard Model of Quantum Measurement Theory: History and Applications
Creators: name: Busch, Paul
name: Lahti, Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard model of the quantum theory of measurement is based on an interaction Hamiltonian in which the observable-to-be-measured is multiplied with some observable of a probe system. This simple Ansatz has proved extremely fruitful in the development of the foundations of quantum mechanics. While the ensuing type of models has often been argued to be rather artificial, recent advances in quantum optics have demonstrated their prinicpal and practical feasibility. A brief historical review of the standard model together with an outline of its virtues and limitations are presented as an illustration of the mutual inspiration that has always taken place between foundational and experimental research in quantum physics.
description: 22 pages, to appear in Found. Phys. 1996
Active Galactic Nuclei: Unification, Blazar Variability and the Radio Galaxy/Cosmology Interface
Creators: name: Wiita, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first review some basic properties of the most important classes of active galactic nuclei (AGN), including quasars, blazars, Seyfert galaxies and radio galaxies. The most commonly accepted type of scheme designed to individually unify the radio-loud and radio-quiet categories of AGN is based upon three parameters: black hole mass, accretion rate, and our orientation to the accretion flow. Some recent evidence from optical microvariability of several classes of AGN points in favor of a strong unification scheme that unites both radio-loud and radio-quiet categories. An important question concerning the nature of blazars and other AGN whose jet emission appears to dominate their spectral energy distributions involves the velocities of those flows. A variety of apparently contradictory observations can be reconciled if such flows are ultrarelativistic but have an opening angle of a few degrees. Radio galaxies (RGs) were much more numerous at redshifts ~2 than they are today. Combining this fact with the realization that older RGs at such redshifts are very difficult to detect, and with cosmological simulations of the growth of structure in the universe has led us to propose that RG lobes have impacted a significant fraction of the cosmic web of baryons. These impacts may have triggered extensive star formation and perhaps even engendered new galaxies; they also probably played important roles in the spreading of magnetic fields and heavier elements into the intergalactic medium.
description: 10 pages, 0 figures; to appear in J. Korean Physical Society; summary of lectures presented at the 2006 Winter School on Black Hole Astrophysics, Pohang, Korea
Proliferation of Twinning in HCP Metals: Application to Magnesium
Creators: name: Sun, Dingyi
name: Ponga, Mauricio
name: Bhattacharya, Kaushik
name: Ortiz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plastic deformation of metallic alloys usually takes place through slip, but occasionally involves twinning. In particular, twinning is important in hexagonal close packed materials where the easy slip systems are insufficient to accommodate arbitrary deformations. While deformation by slip mechanisms is reasonably well understood, less remains known about deformation by twinning. Indeed, the identification of relevant twinning modes remains an art. In this paper, we develop an universal framework combining fundamental kinematic definition of twins with large scale atomistic calculations to predict twinning modes of crystalline materials. We apply this framework to magnesium where there are two accepted twin modes -- tension and compression, but a number of anomalous observations. Surprisingly, our framework shows that there are a very large number of twinning modes that are important in the deformation process of magnesium consistent with the anomalous observations. Thus, in contrast to the traditional view where plastic deformation is kinematically partitioned between a few modes, our result argues that the physics of deformation in HCP materials is governed by an energetic and kinetic competition between numerous possibilities. Consequently, our findings suggest that the commonly used models of deformation physics need to be revisited in order to take into account a broader and richer variety of twin modes, and potentially points to new avenues of improving the mechanical properties.
description: 19 pages (+3 for references), 12 figures
Tests of Chameleon Gravity
Creators: name: Burrage, Clare
name: Sakstein, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories of modified gravity where light scalars with non-trivial self-interactions and non-minimal couplings to matter-chameleon and symmetron theories-dynamically suppress deviations from general relativity in the solar system. On other scales, the environmental nature of the screening means that such scalars may be relevant. The highly-nonlinear nature of screening mechanisms means that they evade classical fifth-force searches, and there has been an intense effort towards designing new and novel tests to probe them, both in the laboratory and using astrophysical objects, and by reinterpreting existing datasets. The results of these searches are often presented using different parametrizations, which can make it difficult to compare constraints coming from different probes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present state-of-the-art searches for screened scalars coupled to matter, and to translate the current bounds into a single parametrization to survey the state of the models. Presently, commonly studied chameleon models are well-constrained but less commonly studied models have large regions of parameter space that are still viable. Symmetron models are constrained well by astrophysical and laboratory tests, but there is a desert separating the two scales where the model is unconstrained. The coupling of chameleons to photons is tightly constrained but the symmetron coupling has yet to be explored. We also summarize the current bounds on $f(R)$ models that exhibit the chameleon mechanism (Hu \& Sawicki models). The simplest of these are well constrained by astrophysical probes, but there are currently few reported bounds for theories with higher powers of $R$. The review ends by discussing the future prospects for constraining screened modified gravity models further using upcoming and planned experiments.
description: Invited review article for Living Reviews in Relativity
Additional file 5: of Dynamic transcriptome landscape of Asian domestic honeybee (Apis cerana) embryonic development revealed by high-quality RNA sequencing
Creators: name: Xiaofen Hu
name: Ke, Li
name: Zilong Wang
name: Zhijiang Zeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S4. Mapping statistics of RNA-seq data. (DOCX 14Â kb)
Improvement of the Staggered Fermion Operators
Creators: name: Luo, Yubing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete and detailed derivation of the finite lattice spacing corrections to staggered fermion matrix elements. Expanding upon arguments of Sharpe, we explicitly implement the Symanzik improvement program demonstrating the absence of order $a$ terms in the Symanzik improved action. We propose a general program to improve fermion operators to remove $O(a)$ corrections from their matrix elements, and demonstrate this program for the examples of matrix elements of fermion bilinears and $B_K$. We find the former does have $O(a)$ corrections while the latter does not.
description: 16 pages, latex, 1 figure
Extreme driven ion acoustic waves
Creators: name: Friedland, Lazar
name: Shagalov, Arkadiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitation of large amplitude strongly nonlinear ion acoustic waves from a trivial equilibrium by a chirped frequency drive is discussed. Under certain conditions, after passage through the linear resonance in this system, the nonlinearity and the variation of parameters work in tandem to preserve the phase-locking with the driving wave via excursion of the excited ion acoustic wave in its parameter space, yielding controlled growth of the wave amplitude. We study these autoresonant waves via a fully nonlinear warm fluid model and predict formation of sharply peaked (extreme) ion acoustic excitations with local ion density significantly exceeding the unperturbed plasma density. The driven wave amplitude is bounded by the kinetic wave-breaking, as the local maximum fluid velocity of the wave approaches the phase velocity of the drive. The Vlasov-Poisson simulations are used to confirm the results of the fluid model and the Whitham's averaged variational principle is applied in analyzing evolution of the autoresonant ion acoustic waves.
Xylariaopyrones E–I, five new α-pyrone derivatives from the endophytic fungus Xylariales sp. (HM-1)
Creators: name: Yang, Wen-Wen
name: Lu, Li-Wen
name: Zhang, Xue-Qing
name: Bao, Shang-Song
name: Cao, Fei
name: Guo, Zhi-Yong
name: Deng, Zhang-Shuang
name: Proksch, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Virology

description: Five new α-pyrones, xylariaopyrones E–I (1–5), along with three known analogues (6–8) were isolated from the cultivation broth of the endophytic fungus Xylariales sp. (HM-1). The structures of the new compounds including their absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods and quantum ECD calculations. Xylariaopyrone E (1) is the first example of α-pyrone derivative with a novel [3, 2, 0] bridge ring system via a ketal function group in the side chain. In bioactivity assays, xylariaopyrones E–G (1–3) showed moderate inhibiting activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values from 25.4 to 64.5 μg/mL, whereras xylariaopyrone G (3) exhibited significant inhibition of monoamine oxidase B with an IC50 value of 15.6 μmol/L. Xylariaopyrone H (4) and the known compound 7 showed moderate toxicity against brine shrimp larvae with inhibition rates of 42.8% and 44.5%, respectively.
Euler configurations and quasi-polynomial systems
Creators: name: Albouy, Alain
name: Fu, Yanning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70F07

description: In the Newtonian 3-body problem, for any choice of the three masses, there are exactly three Euler configurations (also known as the three Euler points). In Helmholtz' problem of 3 point vortices in the plane, there are at most three collinear relative equilibria. The "at most three" part is common to both statements, but the respective arguments for it are usually so different that one could think of a casual coincidence. By proving a statement on a quasi-polynomial system, we show that the "at most three" holds in a general context which includes both cases. We indicate some hard conjectures about the configurations of relative equilibrium and suggest they could be attacked within the quasi-polynomial framework.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 5: of Transcriptome-wide identification of optimal reference genes for expression analysis of Pyropia yezoensis responses to abiotic stress
Creators: name: Gao, Dong
name: Kong, Fanna
name: Peipei Sun
name: Guiqi Bi
name: Yunxiang Mao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S5. Pairwise variation (V) of 9 candidate reference genes. (PDF 104 kb)
Correlations within the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function Method
Creators: name: Mahzoon, M. H.
name: Danielewicz, P.
name: Rios, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium Green's Function (NGF) method is a powerful tool for studying the evolution of quantum many-body systems. Different types of correlations can be systematically incorporated within the formalism. The time evolution of the single-particle Green's functions is described in terms of the Kadanoff-Baym equations. The current work initially focuses on introducing the correlations within infinite nuclear matter in one dimension and then in a finite system in the NGF approach. Starting from the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, by switching on adiabatically the mean-field and correlations simultaneously, a correlated state with ground-state characteristics is arrived at within the NGF method. Furthermore the use of cooling to for improving the adiabatic switching is explored.
description: Contribution to Proc. 5th Conference on Nuclei and Mesoscopic Physics, E Lansing, 6-10 March 2017; 9 pages, 8 figures
Quantum error correction in the presence of spontaneous emission
Creators: name: Plenio, M. B.
name: Vedral, V.
name: Knight, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum error correcting code that is invariant under the conditional time evolution between spontaneous emissions and which can correct for one general error. The code presented here generalizes previous error correction codes in that not all errors lead to different error syndromes. This idea may lead to shorter codes than previously expected.
description: Completely revised version now accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
A Hardy inequality in a twisted Dirichlet-Neumann waveguide
Creators: name: Kovarik, Hynek
name: Krejcirik, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P99 (Primary) 34L15, 81Q10 (Secondary)

description: We consider the Laplacian in a straight strip, subject to a combination of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. We show that a switch of the respective boundary conditions leads to a Hardy inequality for the Laplacian. As a byproduct of our method, we obtain a simple proof of a theorem of Dittrich and Kriz.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX with 4 EPS figures
Additional file 1: of The effect of sugar and processed food imports on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 172 countries
Creators: name: Lin, Tracy
name: Teymourian, Yasmin
name: Maitri Tursini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Appendix A. Countries included in the Analysis. Appendix B. Overweight and Obese Countries (more than one year during the time frame) Included in the Analysis. Appendix C. Comparing OLS Models with FE Models. Appendix D. Comparing OLS Models with FE Models for Overweight and Obese Countries. Appendix E. Models examining Sub-components of Globalization. Appendix F. Fiji Trade Agreement Profile. (DOC 186Â kb)