cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Tools for Network Intrusion Detection
Creators: name: Yu, Lu
name: Brooks, Richard R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid development of Internet and the sharp increase of network crime, network security has become very important and received a lot of attention. We model security issues as stochastic systems. This allows us to find weaknesses in existing security systems and propose new solutions. Exploring the vulnerabilities of existing security tools can prevent cyber-attacks from taking advantages of the system weaknesses. We propose a hybrid network security scheme including intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and honeypots scattered throughout the network. This combines the advantages of two security technologies. A honeypot is an activity-based network security system, which could be the logical supplement of the passive detection policies used by IDSs. This integration forces us to balance security performance versus cost by scheduling device activities for the proposed system. By formulating the scheduling problem as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (DEC-POMDP), decisions are made in a distributed manner at each device without requiring centralized control. The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) is a useful choice for controlling stochastic systems. As a combination of two Markov models, POMDPs combine the strength of hidden Markov Model (HMM) (capturing dynamics that depend on unobserved states) and that of Markov decision process (MDP) (taking the decision aspect into account). Decision making under uncertainty is used in many parts of business and science.We use here for security tools.We adopt a high-quality approximation solution for finite-space POMDPs with the average cost criterion, and their extension to DEC-POMDPs. We show how this tool could be used to design a network security framework.
description: Accepted by International Symposium on Sensor Networks, Systems and Security (2017)
A Mathematical Approach to the Theory of Finite Automata
Creators: name: Kwan, Chac
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 499999
subject: Other mathematical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Students are getting confused and losing interest in theoretical computer science because instructors are doing a poor job in teaching the subject matter. Instructors are doing a poor job in teaching because they do not have a well-organized theory to explain the concepts. This paper presents a rigorous mathematical approach to the theory of finite automata which doesn’t currently exist in the literature of theoretical computer science. Basic definitions are developed in mathematical terms and used as the foundation for constructing mathematical proofs for theorems. It provides a model for instructors to write better lecture notes and authors to write better textbooks for educational purpose. It also corrects some critical errors and erroneous arguments that can be found in many textbooks which are widely used in the education of theoretical computer science.
Boltzmann equations for mixtures of Maxwell gases: exact solutions and power like tails
Creators: name: Bobylev, A. V.
name: Gamba, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Boltzmann equations for mixtures ofMaxwell gases. It is shown that in certain limiting case the equations admit self-similar solutions that can be constructed in explicit form. More precisely, the solutions have simple explicit integral representations. The most interesting solutions have finite energy and power like tails. This shows that power like tails can appear not just for granular particles (Maxwell models are far from reality in this case), but also in the system of particles interacting in accordance with laws of classical mechanics. In addition, non-existence of positive self-similar solutions with finite moments of any order is proven for a wide class of Maxwell models.
description: 20 pages
SSB 2018 Poster
Creators: name: Klabacka, Randy
name: Wood, Perry Lee
name: McGuire, Jim A.
name: Oaks, Jamie R.
name: L. Lee Grismer
name: Grismer, Jesse L.
name: Sites, Jack W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Molecular phylogenetics have proven useful in elucidating forces driving speciation and uncovering hidden diversity within species complexes. Indochina, a major evolutionary hotspot within mainland Southeast Asia, provides a remarkable natural system for studies of biogeography (de Bruyn et al, 2014). The currently recognized spotted flying lizard Draco maculatus (Gray, 1845) potentially encompasses multiple species due to its widespread geographic distribution throughout Indochina and dewlap color pattern variation among subspecies. Using molecular sequence data, we examine phylogeographic architecture within this hypothesized species complex using maximum likelihood and Bayes factor delimitation (BFD) approaches.
A Mathematical Approach to the Theory of Finite Automata
Creators: name: Kwan, Chac
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 499999
subject: Other mathematical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: There is a lack of rigorous mathematical treatment in the theory of finite automata. This paper provides a rigorous mathematical approach to automata theory which doesn’t currently exist in the literature of theoretical computer science. Basic definitions are developed in mathematical terms and used as the foundation for constructing mathematical proofs for theorems. It provides a model for instructors to write better lecture notes and authors to write better textbooks for educational purpose. It also corrects some critical errors and erroneous arguments that can be found in many textbooks which are widely used in the education of theoretical computer science.
ВСЕМИРНАЯ ТОРГОВАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ТЕОРИИ ДЛИННЫХ ВОЛН Н. Д. КОНДРАТЬЕВА
Creators: name: Ковнир Владимир Николаевич
name: Соколова Дарья Ивановна
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2019
Subjects: теория длинных волн Н. Д. Кондратьева
экономическая цикличность
Всемирная торговая организация
либерализация торговли
экономические санкции
мировая торговля
Генеральное соглашение по тарифам и торговле

description: Показана возможность применения концепции длинных волн в анализе торговых связей и развития ВТО. Особое внимание уделено вопросам возможных внешних эффектов периодов циклов Кондратьева на характер и интенсивность развития ВТО. Новизна исследования заключается в анализе соотнесения теории Н. Д. Кондратьева не только с общей ситуацией на мировой арене, но и с периодами развития ВТО. Сделан вывод о том, что длинные волны теории цикличности Кондратьева оказывают прямое воздействие на глобальные экономические и политические процессы, в том числе на тенденции и динамику внешней торговли, что сказывается и на деятельности ВТО. Это обосновывает необходимость значительных изменений экономических и политических институтов, в том числе эффективное реформирование структуры и принципов деятельности ВТО.
Additional file 5 of Improving access to medicines for non-communicable diseases in rural primary care: results from a quasi-randomized cluster trial in a district in South India
Creators: name: Pati, Manoj Kumar
name: Bhojani, Upendra
name: Elias, Maya Annie
name: Srinivas, Prashanth N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. 4-stage cluster adjusted DID results. Description of data: Results of the difference-in-differences analysis after adjusting for clustering at taluka and distant-based cluster levels
Spontaneously broken translational symmetry at edges of high-temperature superconductors: thermodynamics in magnetic field
Creators: name: Holmvall, P.
name: Vorontsov, A. B.
name: Fogelstrom, M.
name: Lofwander, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate equilibrium properties, including structure of the order parameter, superflow patterns, and thermodynamics of low-temperature surface phases of layered d_{x^2-y^2}-wave superconductors in magnetic field. At zero external magnetic field, time-reversal symmetry and continuous translational symmetry along the edge are broken spontaneously in a second order phase transition at a temperature $T^*\approx 0.18 T_c$, where $T_c$ is the superconducting transition temperature. At the phase transition there is a jump in the specific heat that scales with the ratio between the edge length $D$ and layer area ${\cal A}$ as $(Dξ_0/{\cal A})ΔC_d$, where $ΔC_d$ is the jump in the specific heat at the d-wave superconducting transition and $ξ_0$ is the superconducting coherence length. The phase with broken symmetry is characterized by a gauge invariant superfluid momentum ${\bf p}_s$ that forms a non-trivial planar vector field with a chain of sources and sinks along the edges with a period of approximately $12ξ_0$, and saddle point disclinations in the interior. To find out the relative importance of time-reversal and translational symmetry breaking we apply an external field that breaks time-reversal symmetry explicitly. We find that the phase transition into the state with the non-trivial ${\bf p}_s$ vector field keeps its main signatures, and is still of second order. In the external field, the saddle point disclinations are pushed towards the edges, and thereby a chain of edge motifs are formed, where each motif contains a source, a sink, and a saddle point. Due to a competing paramagnetic response at the edges, the phase transition temperature $T^*$ is slowly suppressed with increasing magnetic field strength, but the phase with broken symmetry survives into the mixed state.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Two New Ejecta-Dominated Galactic Supernova Remnants: G337.2-0.7 and G309.2-0.6
Creators: name: Rakowski, Cara E.
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Slane, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of new X-ray observations of two Galactic radio supernova remnants (SNRs), G337.2-0.7 and G309.2-0.6. Both remnants exhibit line-rich thermal spectra that require highly non-solar elemental abundance ratios. In each case, Si and S are unequivocally overabundant compared to solar based purely on the measured equivalent width of the K$α$ line complex. Detailed nonequilibrium ionization spectral analysis of these remnants, using a single temperature, single ionization age model, confirm the overabundances, yielding Si, S and Ar abundances many times their solar values: 3 to 5 times solar for G337.2-0.7 and greater than 3 to 10 times solar for G309.2-0.6. We also find that for both remnants, Ne and Mg are underabundant relative to Si, and for G309.2-0.6, Ca and Fe as well are relatively underabundant. This is the first detection of metal-rich, non-solar abundance material in these remnants, identifying them as young ejecta-dominated SNRs. Further support for their youth comes from the distances that we estimate from the fitted column densities (less than 15 kpc for G337.2-0.7, and $4 \pm 2$ kpc for G309.2-0.6). From the implied sizes of the remnants at these distances we infer relatively young ages (2000 to 4500 years for G337.2-0.7, and 700 to 4000 years for G309.2-0.6). Finally we note that no compact object has yet been found within G337.2-0.7, but an X-ray point source is evident within the radio shell of G309.2-0.6, although its nature remains unknown.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, ApJ, accepted
Wave propagation in the anisotropic media with single-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation
Creators: name: Luo, Hailu
name: Ren, Zhongzhou
name: Shu, Weixing
name: Li, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the wave propagation in the anisotropic metamaterial with single-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation. Based on boundary conditions and dispersion relations, we find that the opposite amphoteric refraction, such that E- (or H-) polarized waves are positively refracted whereas H- (or E-) polarized waves are negatively refracted, can occur at the interface associated with the anisotropic metamaterial. Under a certain condition, both E- and H-polarized waves can exhibit the same single-sheeted hyperboloid or straight dispersion relation, while the two polarized waves exhibit different propagation characteristics. We expect some potential device applications can be derived based on based on the unique amphoteric refraction properties.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Tests based on characterizations, and their efficiencies: a survey
Creators: name: Nikitin, Ya. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60F10, 62F03, 62G20, 62G30

description: A survey of goodness-of-fit and symmetry tests based on the characterization properties of distributions is presented. This approach became popular in recent years. In most cases the test statistics are functionals of $U$-empirical processes. The limiting distributions and large deviations of new statistics under the null hypothesis are described. Their local Bahadur efficiency for various parametric alternatives is calculated and compared with each other as well as with diverse previously known tests. We also describe new directions of possible research in this domain.
description: Open access in Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematica
AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ - ANESTÉSICAS E SEUS CUIDADOS
Creators: name: Renato Mostaert
name: Thiago Mourão
name: Isadora Rodrigues Toledo
name: Pedro Orlato
name: Jaqueline Garcia
name: Isabella Trazi
name: Wescley Jacob
name: Alan Avila
name: Ácillen Josina Barbosa da Silva
name: Natália Maria de Lima Silva
name: Allana Feitosa Cavalcanti
name: Guilherme Veiga Dwornik
name: Thiago Ruam Nascimento
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Introdução: A consulta pré operatória realizada por anestesista é uma avaliação formal,realizada dias ou semanas antes do ato cirurgico. Sua função é de identificar possíveis fatoresde risco para complicações ou que possam reduzir o sucesso terapêutico do procedimento.Hoje em dia, já são altamente recomendadas para pacientes que irão se submeter aprocedimentos eletivos sob indução anestésica. Objetivos: O estudo visa uma revisão daliteratura sobre a Consulta Pré-Operatória Anestésica e os seus efeitos no período peri e pósoperatório, destacando métodos de avaliação, aplicação prática, influencia no prognósticodos pacientes e se há direta relação custo-benefício. Métodos: Foram selecionados artigosde revisão, relato de caso e ensaios clínicos, com base na utilização dos descritores indexadosno DECS, os critérios de inclusão da pesquisa foram “Revisão”, “Estudos em Humanos” e“últimos 10 anos”. Discussão e resultados: No Brasil, Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM),por meio da Resolução n◦1.802/06.1, tornou indispensável a avaliação pré- anestésica (APA)e recomendou que seja feita antes da admissão hospitalar. Deve se obter informações nessaavaliação para que o anestesista possa traçar suas condutas pré operatórias, comointrodução de medicamentos, e intra-operatórios por meio de cuidados no plano anestésicoe terapias adjuvantes, desse modo, reduzindo complicações e riscos no período pósoperatório. Alguns estudos foram destacaram a importância na solicitação de examescomplementares, mostrando que em muitos casos haviam exames desnecessários que nãoagregavam informações pertinentes às patologias em questão. Outros estudos jádemonstraram a relação direta de uma boa avaliação pré-anestésica com bons resultados nasobrevida do paciente, assim como falhas nessa avaliação resultando em pior prognóstico emaior número de complicações
ПРИРОДА И СУЩНОСТЬ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ИННОВАЦИЙ
Creators: name: Кисова Анна Евгеньевна
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2019
Subjects: социальные инновации; ресурсно-эволюционный
поведенческий
ценностно-ориентированный
институциональный подходы; новшество; изменения; человеческий и социальный капитал

description: Анализируются подходы (ресурсно-эволюционный, поведенческий, ценностно-ориентированный, институциональный), отражающие сущностные и содержательные аспекты такого явления, как социальные инновации. Показана эволюция взглядов на социальные инновации. Определено, что природа социальных инноваций многогранна: они обладают различными особенностями, чертами. Применение различных подходов позволило определить объективно-субъективные стороны социальных инноваций, их материально-вещественную и общественную стороны. Кроме того, фрагментарно исследованы формы социальных инноваций, а также их уровни. Особое внимание уделено материально-вещественной стороне социальных инноваций, под которой автор подразумевает совокупность человеческого и социального капиталов. Предположено, что социальные инновации затрагивают не одну только социальную сферу жизнедеятельности человека, а все его сферы, в результате чего они обладают синергетическим и мультипликационным эффектом и могут выступать источником технологических инноваций.
Elliptic Genus, Anomaly Cancellation and Heterotic M-theory
Creators: name: Choi, Kang-Sin
name: Rey, Soo-Jong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive global consistency condition for strongly coupled heterotic string in the presence of M5-branes. Its elliptic genus is interpretable as generating functional of anomaly polynomials and so, on anomaly-free vacua, the genus is both holomorphic and modular invariant. In holomorphic basis, we identify the modular properties by calculating the phase. By interpreting the refinement parameters as background curvature of tangent and vector bundles, we identify the extended Bianchi identity for Kalb--Ramond field of heterotic M-theory in the presence of arbitrary numbers of M5-branes.
description: 5 pages, 2 columns
Anisotropic spatially heterogeneous dynamics in a model glass-forming binary mixture
Creators: name: Flenner, Elijah
name: Szamel, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculated a four-point correlation function G_4(k,r;t) and the corresponding structure factor S_4(k,q;t) for a model glass-forming binary mixture. These functions measure the spatial correlations of the relaxation of different particles. We found that these four-point functions are anisotropic and depend on the angle between vectors k and r (or q). The anisotropy is the strongest for times somewhat longer than the beta relaxation time but it is quite pronounced even for times comparable to the alpha relaxation time, tau_alpha. At the lowest temperatures S_4(k,q;tau_alpha) is strongly anisotropic even for the smallest wavevector q accessible in our simulation.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПОНЯТИЯ «РЫНОЧНАЯ ВЛАСТЬ» В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКЕ
Creators: name: Латыпов Руслан Ильгизович
name: Исаева Анна Сергеевна
name: Капкаев Юнер Шамильевич
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2019
Subjects: рыночная власть
конкурентоспособность
фирма
рынок
экономическая теория

description: В научном сообществе остается острой дискуссия о содержании понятия «рыночная власть». Несмотря на широкое распространение исследуемого явления, в экономической литературе существуют различные трактовки рыночной власти, нет однозначной формулировки. В связи с этим в данной статье представлены результаты анализа, полученного при систематизации определений рыночной власти в экономической науке. На основе литературного обзора рассмотрена история формирования и развития понятия. В результате предложен подход к определению понятия рыночной власти, более конкретно раскрывающему ее экономическую сущность: способность, которая возникает при применении экономических законов на уровне фирмы, целенаправленном определении действий других участников рынка, в целях повышения доли участия на рынке, влияния и получаемых благ. Целью статьи является содействие лучшему пониманию рыночной власти посредством анализа эволюции этого понятия, в частности разграничения понятия рыночной и монопольной властей. Кроме того, полученные выводы могут быть использованы при разработке теоретической модели формирования конкурентности фирмы.
Fractional Transport in Strongly Turbulent Plasmas
Creators: name: Isliker, Heinz
name: Vlahos, Loukas
name: Constantinescu, Dana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze statistically the energization of particles in a large scale environment of strong turbulence that is fragmented into a large number of distributed current filaments. The turbulent environment is generated through strongly perturbed, 3D, resistive MHD simulations, and it emerges naturally from the nonlinear evolution, without a specific reconnection geometry being set up. Based on test-particle simulations, we estimate the transport coefficients in energy space for use in the classical Fokker-Planck (FP) equation, and we show that the latter fails to reproduce the simulation results. The reason is that transport in energy space is highly anomalous (strange), the particles perform Levy flights, and the energy distributions show extended power-law tails. Newly then, we motivate the use and derive the specific form of a fractional transport equation (FTE), we determine its parameters and the order of the fractional derivatives from the simulation data, and we show that the FTE is able to reproduce the high energy part of the simulation data very well. The procedure for determining the FTE parameters also makes clear that it is the analysis of the simulation data that allows to make the decision whether a classical FP or a FTE is appropriate.
description: in press at Physical Review Letters, 2017 (6 pages, 7 figures)
Additional file 3 of Multi-omics data integration reveals novel drug targets in hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Dimitrakopoulos, Christos
name: Hindupur, Sravanth Kumar
name: Colombi, Marco
name: Liko, Dritan
name: Ng, Charlotte K. Y.
name: Piscuoglio, Salvatore
name: Behr, Jonas
name: Moore, Ariane L.
name: Singer, Jochen
name: Ruscheweyh, Hans-Joachim
name: Matter, Matthias S.
name: Mossmann, Dirk
name: Terracciano, Luigi M.
name: Hall, Michael N.
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Graph showing the expression of miRNAs (upstream of HDAC4) in L-dKO tumors (n=12) compared to control mice (n=6).
СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ В НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ РОССИИ
Creators: name: Кадыров П. Р.
name: Бархатов В. И.
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2019
Subjects: структурная деформация
структурный сдвиг
структурные преобразования
структура национальной экономики

description: Исследованы факторы, влияющие на формирование пропорций национальной экономики России и на основе анализа выявлены точки структурной деформации. Большое внимание уделено анализу теоретических подходов к определению таких процессов, как структурные преобразования, структурные сдвиги и структурные деформации, с целью систематизации теоретических подходов к определению данных понятий. Также проведен сравнительный анализ структуры экономики России с 2002 по 2018 г. и на основе этого — выявленных структурных деформаций, которые позволили установить определенные тенденции в развитии российской экономики.
Object Classification in Astronomical Multi-Color Surveys
Creators: name: Wolf, C.
name: Meisenheimer, K.
name: Röser, H. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a photometric method for identifying stars, galaxies and quasars in multi-color surveys, which uses a library of >65000 color templates. The method aims for extracting the information content of object colors in a statistically correct way and performs a classification as well as a redshift estimation for galaxies and quasars in a unified approach. For the redshift estimation, we use an advanced version of the MEV estimator which determines the redshift error from the redshift dependent probability density function. The method was originally developed for the CADIS survey, where we checked its performance by spectroscopy. The method provides high reliability (6 errors among 151 objects with R<24), especially for quasar selection, and redshifts accurate within sigma ~ 0.03 for galaxies and sigma ~ 0.1 for quasars. We compare a few model surveys using the same telescope time but different sets of broad-band and medium-band filters. Their performance is investigated by Monte-Carlo simulations as well as by analytic evaluation in terms of classification and redshift estimation. In practice, medium-band surveys show superior performance. Finally, we discuss the relevance of color calibration and derive important conclusions for the issues of library design and choice of filters. The calibration accuracy poses strong constraints on an accurate classification, and is most critical for surveys with few, broad and deeply exposed filters, but less severe for many, narrow and less deep filters.
description: 21 pages including 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Cellular Automata Simulation on FPGA for Training Neural Networks with Virtual World Imagery
Creators: name: Van Acker, Olivier
name: Lachish, Oded
name: Burnett, Graeme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present ongoing work on a tool that consists of two parts: (i) A raw micro-level abstract world simulator with an interface to (ii) a 3D game engine, translator of raw abstract simulator data to photorealistic graphics. Part (i) implements a dedicated cellular automata (CA) on reconfigurable hardware (FPGA) and part (ii) interfaces with a deep learning framework for training neural networks. The bottleneck of such an architecture usually lies in the fact that transferring the state of the whole CA significantly slows down the simulation. We bypass this by sending only a small subset of the general state, which we call a 'locus of visibility', akin to a torchlight in a darkened 3D space, into the simulation. The torchlight concept exists in many games but these games generally only simulate what is in or near the locus. Our chosen architecture will enable us to simulate on a micro level outside the locus. This will give us the advantage of being able to create a larger and more fine-grained simulation which can be used to train neural networks for use in games.
description: Published as a short paper at IEEE CIG2017
Character list from The rise of the ruling reptiles and ecosystem recovery from the Permian-Triassic mass extinction
Creators: name: Ezcurra, Martín D.
name: Butler, Richard J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: One of the key faunal transitions in Earth history occurred after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction (ca 252.2 Ma), when the previously obscure archosauromorphs (which include crocodylians, dinosaurs and birds) become the dominant terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we place all known middle Permian–early Late Triassic archosauromorph species into an explicit phylogenetic context, and quantify biodiversity change through this interval. Our results indicate the following sequence of diversification: a morphologically conservative and globally distributed post-extinction ‘disaster fauna’; a major but cryptic and poorly sampled phylogenetic diversification with significantly elevated evolutionary rates; and a marked increase in species counts, abundance, and disparity contemporaneous with global ecosystem stabilization some 5 million years after the extinction. This multiphase event transformed global ecosystems, with far-reaching consequences for Mesozoic and modern faunas.
Multi-variable reductions of the dispersionless DKP hierarchy
Creators: name: Akhmedova, V.
name: Takebe, T.
name: Zabrodin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider multi-variable reductions of the dispersionless DKP hierarchy (the dispersionless limit of the Pfaff lattice) in the elliptic parametrization. The reduction is given by a system of elliptic Löwner equations supplemented by a system of partial differential equations of hydrodynamic type. The compatibility conditions for the elliptic Löwner equations are derived. They are elliptic analogues of the Gibbons-Tsarev equations. We prove solvability of the hydrodynamic type system by means of the generalized hodograph method. The associated diagonal metric is proved to be of the Egorov type.
description: 24 pages, no figures
Quadrics on Complex Riemannian Spaces of Constant Curvature, Separation of Variables and the Gaudin Magnet
Creators: name: Kalnins, E. G.
name: Kuznetsov, V. B.
name: Miller,, Willard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider integrable systems that are connected with orthogonal separation of variables in complex Riemannian spaces of constant curvature. An isomorphism with the hyperbolic Gaudin magnet, previously pointed out by one of us, extends to coordinates of this type. The complete classification of these separable coordinate systems is provided by means of the corresponding $L$-matrices for the Gaudin magnet. The limiting procedures (or $ε$ calculus) which relate various degenerate orthogonal coordinate systems play a crucial result in the classification of all such systems.
description: 24 pages, AmsTeX. IMA Preprint Series # 1153, July 1993
Smaller desert dust cooling effect estimated from analysis of dust size and abundance
Creators: name: Kok, Jasper F.
name: Ridley, David A.
name: Zhou, Qing
name: Miller, Ron L.
name: Zhao, Chun
name: Heald, Colette L.
name: Ward, Daniel S.
name: Albani, Samuel
name: Haustein, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Desert dust aerosols affect Earth's global energy balance through direct interactions with radiation, and through indirect interactions with clouds and ecosystems. But the magnitudes of these effects are so uncertain that it remains unclear whether atmospheric dust has a net warming or cooling effect on global climate. Consequently, it is still uncertain whether large changes in atmospheric dust loading over the past century have slowed or accelerated anthropogenic climate change, or what the effects of potential future changes in dust loading will be. Here we present an analysis of the size and abundance of dust aerosols to constrain the direct radiative effect of dust. Using observational data on dust abundance, in situ measurements of dust optical properties and size distribution, and climate and atmospheric chemical transport model simulations of dust lifetime, we find that the dust found in the atmosphere is substantially coarser than represented in current global climate models. Since coarse dust warms climate, the global dust direct radiative effect is likely to be less cooling than the ~-0.4 W/m2 estimated by models in a current global aerosol model ensemble. Instead, we constrain the dust direct radiative effect to a range between -0.48 and +0.20 W/m2, which includes the possibility that dust causes a net warming of the planet.
description: Published as article in Nature Geoscience
ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРИОРИТЕТОВ РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
Creators: name: Ситковский Арсений Михайлович
name: Зырянов Сергей Григорьевич
name: Гордеев Сергей Сергеевич
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2019
Subjects: качество жизни
регион
социология
социальные приоритеты
векторные оценки
информация

description: Представлены основы оценки качества жизни на базе векторных оценок с использованием качественно новой информационной основы и применением социологической информации как дополнительного ресурса. Рассмотрено обновление как методических основ формирования оценок, так и инструментария. Как ключевая характеристика качества жизни рассматривается социальное благополучие. Основные моменты процедуры оценки используют технологии визуализации цифровой информации и представлены на примере типичных сельских муниципальных образований Южного Урала.
АНАЛИЗ СИСТЕМЫ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ДИНАМИКИ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ ДОХОДОВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ
Creators: name: Гончарова Ксения Сергеевна
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2019
Subjects: экономический рост
дифференциация доходов
факторы дифференциации
факторы дифференциации распределения совокупного дохода

description: Приводятся результаты количественной оценки и качественного анализа взаимосвязи динамики дифференциации доходов населения (индекса Джини) и экономического роста (ВРП, ВРП на душу населения) — двух процессов, управление которыми является приоритетными для стратегического развития страны. В работе использованы метод эконометрического (корреляционного) анализа, а также метод группировки. Установлены: во‑первых, наличие в большинстве субъектов Федерации статистически значимой связи между уровнем дифференциации доходов населения и динамикой экономического роста; во‑вторых, вариативность тесноты и направления выявленной связи для каждого региона; в‑третьих, уровень дифференциации доходов населения через систему распределения совокупного дохода региона, обусловленной воздействием монетарных и немонетарных факторов.
Path integral Monte Carlo study of the interacting quantum double-well model: Quantum phase transition and phase diagram
Creators: name: Kim, Dong-Hee
name: Lin, Yu-Cheng
name: Rieger, Heiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrete time path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) with a one-particle density matrix approximation is applied to study the quantum phase transition in the coupled double-well chain. To improve the convergence properties, the exact action for a single particle in a double well potential is used to construct the many-particle action. The algorithm is applied to the interacting quantum double-well chain for which the zero-temperature phase diagram is determined. The quantum phase transition is studied via finite-size scaling and the critical exponents are shown to be compatible with the classical two-dimensional (2D) Ising universality class -- not only in the order-disorder limit (deep potential wells) but also in the displacive regime (shallow potential wells).
description: 17 pages, 7 figures; Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
PROBLEMS OF CHOICE OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY PRIORITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Creators: name: Dyachenko Oleg Vyacheslavovich
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2019
Subjects: state industrial policy
reindustrialization
development strategy
metallurgy
manufacturing industry
growth point
competitiveness
effectiveness ratio of raw materials usage

description: The article considers the strategic aspects of the implementation of the state industrial policy. The strategy of reindustrialization is given as one of the forms of industrial policy implementation. The authors in the article defend the point of view of the relevance of support of old industrial industries that have shaped the image of modern regions and ensure economic growth at the present stage. The main directions of implementation of the state industrial policy in the Ural Federal District are presented and viewed. Enhancement of technological and resource base; stimulation of investment activity in the region; social and economic development of monotowns are the most important among them.
Conformal Invariance in Classical Field Theory
Creators: name: Grigore, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A geometric generalization of first-order Lagrangian formalism is used to analyse a conformal field theory for an arbitrary primary field. We require that global conformal transformations are Noetherian symmetries and we prove that the action functional can be taken strictly invariant with respect to these transformations. In other words, there does not exists a "Chern-Simons" type Lagrangian for a conformally invariant Lagrangian theory.
description: 18 pages, PLAIN-TEX
ЖИЛИЩНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ И ПУТИ ЕЕ РЕШЕНИЯ В РАМКАХ НАЦПРОЕКТА «ЖИЛЬЕ И ГОРОДСКАЯ СРЕДА»
Creators: name: Кожевников Сергей Александрович
Publisher: name: Вестник Челябинского государственного университета
Year: 2019
Subjects: жилье
жилищная обеспеченность
национальный проект
ипотека
эксроу-счет
аварийных жилищный фонд
качество жизни

description: Рассматривается актуальность и острота жилищной проблемы для современной России. Показано, что обеспечение качественным и доступным жильем продолжает оставаться важнейшей задачей органов власти. Проведен анализ положений утвержденного в 2018 г. нацпроекта «Жилье и городская среда» и обосновано, что его реализация может столкнуться с целым рядом проблем и рисков.
Thermodynamics of the pyrochlore Heisenberg ferromagnet with arbitrary spin $S$
Creators: name: Müller, Patrick
name: Lohmann, Andre
name: Richter, Johannes
name: Menchyshyn, Oleg
name: Derzhko, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the rotation-invariant Green's function method (RGM) and the high-temperature expansion (HTE) to study the thermodynamic properties of the spin-$S$ Heisenberg ferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice. We examine the excitation spectra as well as various thermodynamic quantities, such as the order parameter (magnetization), the uniform static susceptibility, the correlation length, the spin-spin correlations, and the specific heat, as well as the static and dynamic structure factors. We discuss the influence of the spin quantum number $S$ on the temperature dependence of these quantities. We compare our results for the pyrochlore ferromagnet with the corresponding ones for the simple-cubic lattice both having the same coordination number $z=6$. We find a significant suppression of magnetic ordering for the pyrochlore lattice due to its geometry with corner-sharing tetrahedra.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Gap plasmon polariton structure for very efficient micro to nano scale interfacing
Creators: name: Ginzburg, Pavel
name: Arbel, David
name: Orenstein, Meir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The seamless transition between micro-scale photonics and nano-scale plasmonics requires the mitigation between different waveguiding mechanisms as well as between few orders of magnitude in the field lateral size, down to a small fraction of a wavelength. By exploiting gap plasmon polariton waves both at the micro and nano scale, very high power transfer efficiency (>60%) can be achieved using an ultrashort (few microns) non adiabatic tapered gap plasmon waveguide. Same mechanism may be used to harvest impinging light waves and direct them into a nano hole or slit, to exhibit an anomalous transmission - without the conventional periodic structures. The special interplay of plasmonic and oscillating modes is analyzed.
description: Submitted to PRL. Part of the work was presented at IPRA-2005 conference, paper JWA6
Additional file 6 of Improving access to medicines for non-communicable diseases in rural primary care: results from a quasi-randomized cluster trial in a district in South India
Creators: name: Pati, Manoj Kumar
name: Bhojani, Upendra
name: Elias, Maya Annie
name: Srinivas, Prashanth N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Health System Challenges affecting Access to Medicines in the ATM Study. Description of data: List of health system-level challenges that affected the intervention implementation in the ATM study
Statistical analysis for year 1996;Statistical analysis for year 1997 from Structural stability as a consistent predictor of phenological events
Creators: name: Chuliang Song
name: Saavedra, Serguei
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The timing of the first and last seasonal appearance of a species in a community typically follows a pattern that is governed by temporal factors. While it has been shown that changes in the environment are linked to phenological changes, the direction of this link appears elusive and context-dependent. Thus, finding consistent predictors of phenological events is of central importance for a better assessment of expected changes in the temporal dynamics of ecological communities. Here we introduce a measure of structural stability derived from species interaction networks as an estimator of the expected range of environmental conditions compatible with the existence of a community. We test this measure as a predictor of changes in species richness recorded on a daily basis in a high-arctic plant–pollinator community during two spring seasons. We find that our measure of structural stability is the only consistent predictor of changes in species richness among different ecological and environmental variables. Our findings suggest that measures based on the notion of structural stability can synthesize the expected variation of environmental conditions tolerated by a community, and explain more consistently the phenological changes observed in ecological communities.
title: Small scale impact on rigid barrier using transparent debris-flow models
Creators: name: Sanvitale, Nicoletta
name: Bowman, Elisabeth
name: Cabrera, Miguel Angel
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2019
Subjects: debris flows
barriers
physical modelling
transparent soil

description: Fast landslides, such as debris flows, involve high speed downslope motion of rocks, soil and water. Their high flow velocity, high degree of runout and potential for impact make them one of the most hazardous gravitational mass flows. While the estimation of the pressure generated by the impact of debris flows on civil engineering structures has been widely investigated, the state of the knowledge is still insufficient to accurately describe the dynamics and load evolution of the impact process. Both fluid and solid forces influence the dynamics of debris flows but existing design approaches for barrier or mitigation structures tend to treat these geophysical flows as a single continuum, neglecting the solid fluid-interactions. Hence in the literature, impact models are yet largely semi-empirical. This paper presents the first results of experiments using transparent debris flows in a small-scale flume aiming at investigating the mechanism of impact on rigid barriers. The use of a transparent debris-flow model allows the movements of particles and fluid within the medium to be probed. We examine flows consisting of uniform and well graded particle size gradings at two different fluid contents. The evolution of the impact load, bed normal pressure and fluid pore pressure for the different flows are measured and analysed in order to gain a quantitative comparison of their behaviour before and after impact.
Bound states in ab initio approaches to quantum transport: A time-dependent formulation
Creators: name: Stefanucci, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the role of bound electrons in quantum transport. The partition-free approach by Cini is combined with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to calculate total currents and densities in interacting systems. We show that the biased electrode-device-electrode system with bound states does not evolve towards a steady regime. The density oscillates with history-dependent amplitudes and, as a consequence, the effective potential of TDDFT oscillates too. Such time dependence might open new conductive channels, an effect which is not accounted for in any steady-state approach and might deserve further investigations.
description: 11 pages, 2 eps figures
Slow-light optical bullets in arrays of nonlinear Bragg-grating waveguides
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how to control independently both spatial and temporal dynamics of slow light. We reveal that specially designed nonlinear waveguide arrays with phase-shifted Bragg gratings demonstrate the frequency-independent spatial diffraction near the edge of the photonic bandgap, where the group velocity of light can be strongly reduced. We show in numerical simulations that such structures allow a great flexibility in designing and controlling dispersion characteristics, and open a way for efficient spatiotemporal self-trapping and the formation of slow-light optical bullets.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; available from http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v97/e233901
CCD Photometry of the Globlular Cluster NGC 5986 and its Post-Asymptotic-Giant-Branch and RR Lyrae Stars
Creators: name: Alves, D. R.
name: Bond, H. E.
name: Onken, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained new CCD BV photometry of the little-studied southern Galactic globular cluster NGC 5986, including light curves of 5 of its RR Lyrae variables. The cluster's red giant branch bump is detected for the first time at V = 16.47 +- 0.03. We derive a reddening and true distance modulus of E(B-V) = 0.29 +- 0.02 and (m-M)_0 = 15.15 +- 0.10, respectively. The cluster's color-magnitude diagram reveals a mostly blue horizontal branch, like that of M13 or M2, and quite unlike M3; yet all of these clusters have nearly identical metallicities ([Fe/H]_CG97 = -1.35). We show that the RR Lyrae variables in NGC 5986 are about 0.2 mag brighter on average than those in M3, an important exception to the often-employed, universal M_V(RR)--[Fe/H] relation. Finally, we note that NGC 5986 contains two luminous stars with spectral types A-F, which are likely to be post-asymptotic-giant-branch (PAGB) objects. The V-band luminosity function (LF) of such yellow PAGB stars is a promising standard candle. We suggest that the LF is sharply peaked at M_V(PAGB) = -3.28 +- 0.07.
description: accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, 25 pages, 5 figures