cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Short communication: The improvement of the growth of tomato transplants by bokashi tea
Creators: name: Olle, Margit
Publisher: name: Agraarteadus
Year: 2020
Subjects: bokashi tea
height
number of leaves
stem diameter
tomato transplants
article

description: Effective microorganisms' bokashi fermentation is proposed to upcycle food waste to novel feed supplements, and to (partially) replace traditional composting of food waste (and secondary residues from industrial processes) to facilitate both plant production and soil quality as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose was to assess the influence of bokashi tea treatment on the growth of tomato transplants. There were two treatments: one with bokashi tea and second without bokashi tea (control). Tomato transplants treated with bokashi tea tended to be higher than those in control; while the results were not significantly different. The number of leaves of tomato transplants treated with bokashi tea was not significantly different. The stem diameter of tomato transplants was 13% greater (P = 0.04) in bokashi tea treated plants than in control. Conclusion: Bokashi tea improves the growth of tomato transplants by increasing stem diameter and is allowing for plants to take up more nutrients.
A chance to stop and breathe: participants’ experiences in the North American Opiate Medication Initiative clinical trial
Creators: name: Oviedo-Joekes, Eugenia
name: Marchand, Kirsten
name: Lock, Kurt
name: Chettiar, Jill
name: Marsh, David C.
name: Brissette, Suzanne
name: Anis, Aslam H. (Aslam Hayat), 1959-
name: Schechter, Martin T.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background. The North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI) clinical trial compared the effectiveness of injectable diacetylmorphine (DAM) or hydromorphone (HDM) to oral methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This study aimed to determine participants’ perceptions of treatment delivered in NAOMI. Methods A qualitative sub-study was conducted with 29 participants (12 female): 18 (62.1%) received injectable DAM or HDM and 11 (37.9%) received MMT. A phenomenological theoretical framework was used. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was used over successive phases and was driven by the semantic meanings of the data. Results Participants receiving injectable medications suggested that the supervised delivery model was stringent but provided valuable stability to their lives. Females discussed the adjustment required for the clinical setting, while males focused on the challenging clinic schedule and its impact on employment abilities. Participants receiving MMT described disappointment with being randomized to this treatment; however, positive aspects, including the quick titration time and availability of auxiliary services, were also discussed. Conclusion Treatment with injectable DAM (or HDM) is preferred by participants and considered effective in reducing the burden of opioid dependency. Engaging patients in research regarding their perceptions of treatment provides a comprehensive assessment of treatment needs and barriers. Clinical trial registration NCT00175357
In Vivo Assessment of Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Using Ultrasound Localization Microscopy
Creators: name: Qiu, L.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Lee, F.
name: He, Q.
name: Qian, L.
name: Luo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: As a typical chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN) is a common syndrome of hypertension, characterized by chronic kidney microvascular damage. Early diagnosis of microvascular damage using conventional ultrasound imaging encounters challenges in sensitivity and specificity owing to the inherent diffraction limit. Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) has been developed to obtain microvasculature and microvascular hemodynamics within the kidney, and would be a promising tool for early diagnosis of CKD. Methods: In this study, the advantage of ULM over conventional clinical inspection (serum and urine tests) and ultrasound imaging (Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging) for early diagnosis of HN was investigated. Examinations were carried out on 6 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 5 normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at the age of 10 weeks. Results: The experimental results showed that the indicators derived from conventional clinical inspection and ultrasound imaging (PSV, EDV, RI, RT, IMAX, mTT and AUC) did not show significant difference between hypertensive and healthy rats (p > 0.05), while the TTP derived from CEUS (p < 0.05) and the mean blood flow speed in artery of SHR derived from ULM is significantly higher than that of WKY rats (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The quantitative results showed that ULM has higher sensitivity than conventional clinical inspection and ultrasound imaging. ULM may promise a reliable solution for early diagnosis of HN.
title: Twitter's Role in the Social and Political Mobilisation of GCC States and Societies
Creators: name: Al-Khater, Maryam
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2020

description: This thesis examines Twitter's role in social and political mobilisation in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), since the broader regional uprisings of 2010 -11 (the Arab Spring). It seeks to answer the question of what role Twitter plays in the politics of the GCC region on distinct levels, including that of society (grassroots), state (government and monarchy) and between states (diplomatic relations). The discussion is undertaken in light of Jurgen Habermas's 1960s theory of the public sphere and its ongoing conceptual developments in the information era. This thesis uses the methodological frameworks provided by communication studies, political science and computational social science. Drawing on the Twitter archive, complemented by pertinent secondary sources, it applies a novel hashtag-driven method to collect and collate data on historical cases. In doing so it identifies and conceptually develops the 'hashtag public sphere' (HTPS), a term coined to describe the contribution of Twitter's hashtag function to the formation of the online public sphere. A number of case studies are utilised in order to show Twitter's diverse role in shaping GCC politics across distinct spheres. This thesis calls on recent examples of Twitter activism, showing how Twitter is implicated in new forms and directions of online activism, intersecting with offline protest. It covers both known and anonymous accounts, from the six GCC states, and examines the regional phenomenon of @mujtahidd. It illustrates how Twitter is opening up new spaces for dissent in the traditionally restrictive political and media environments of the authoritarian Gulf states. At the same time, this thesis points to the way in which Twitter is increasingly being hijacked by governments - through the creation of bots and electronic committee accounts or via the manipulation of hashtag trending topics - in an attempt to shape public opinion, direct debate and curtail the nascent freedoms of their citizens. Twitter continues to foment unrest, as GCC region citizens take to social media with demands for greater freedom and political reform, while governments jockey to manipulate and seize control of the emerging online public sphere. This thesis additionally looks at Twitter's role in political dialogue and diplomatic relations between GCC states, showing how Twitter is used to deliver political messages, set political agendas and interfere in the internal affairs of other GCC states. As Twitter contributes to an escalation of tensions, the familial and diplomatic ties that have long prevailed are under imminent threat. Indeed, the circulation of a language of war on Twitter, places at risk the continuing unity of the GCC and threatens the future security and stability of the region's states and citizens.
Spatial Context Awareness for Unsupervised Change Detection in Optical Satellite Images
Creators: name: Kondmann, Lukas
name: Toker, Aysim
name: Saha, Sudipan
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
name: Leal-Taixé, Laura
name: Zhu, Xiao Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting changes on the ground in multitemporal Earth observation data is one of the key problems in remote sensing. In this paper, we introduce Sibling Regression for Optical Change detection (SiROC), an unsupervised method for change detection in optical satellite images with medium and high resolution. SiROC is a spatial context-based method that models a pixel as a linear combination of its distant neighbors. It uses this model to analyze differences in the pixel and its spatial context-based predictions in subsequent time periods for change detection. We combine this spatial context-based change detection with ensembling over mutually exclusive neighborhoods and transitioning from pixel to object-level changes with morphological operations. SiROC achieves competitive performance for change detection with medium-resolution Sentinel-2 and high-resolution Planetscope imagery on four datasets. Besides accurate predictions without the need for training, SiROC also provides a well-calibrated uncertainty of its predictions. This makes the method especially useful in conjunction with deep-learning based methods for applications such as pseudo-labeling.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IEEE TGRS)
Mini-review: The role of crop rotation, intercropping, sowing dates and increased crop density towards a sustainable crop and weed management in arable crops
Creators: name: Kanatas, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: Agraarteadus
Year: 2020
Subjects: sustainability
crop rotation
intercropping
weed management
article

description: The extended and in many cases unjustified use of herbicides has resulted in herbicide resistance development and serious environmental concerns. Therefore, the need for implementation and wider adoption of several agronomic and cultural practices is imperative. Ecologically-based crop management practices like crop rotation, intercropping, delay of sowing date and increased crop density can be also the basis for effective and sustainable weed management. In the present review, several cases are presented and the key points of each method are discussed. Special attention is given to the fact that the efficacy of each practice is depended on the specific soil and climatic conditions along with the field history of each site and crop. Alternative methods of weed management should be further studied and optimized to include them in both organic and conventional production systems and ensure the sustainability of agroecosystems.
Numerical Simulations of Convective 3-Dimensional Red Supergiant Envelopes
Creators: name: Goldberg, Jared A.
name: Jiang, Yan-Fei
name: Bildsten, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the three-dimensional properties of convective, luminous ($L\approx10^{4.5}-10^{5}L_\odot$), Hydrogen-rich envelopes of Red Supergiants (RSGs) based on radiation hydrodynamic simulations in spherical geometry using $\texttt{Athena++}$. These computations comprise $\approx30\%$ of the stellar volume, include gas and radiation pressure, and self-consistently track the gravitational potential for the outer $\approx 3M_\odot$ of the simulated $M\approx15M_\odot$ stars. This work reveals a radius, $R_\mathrm{corr}$, around which the nature of the convection changes. For $r>R_\mathrm{corr}$, though still optically thick, diffusion of photons dominates the energy transport. Such a regime is well-studied in less luminous stars, but in RSGs, the near- (or above-) Eddington luminosity (due to opacity enhancements at ionization transitions) leads to the unusual outcome of denser regions moving outwards rather than inward. This region of the star also has a large amount of turbulent pressure, yielding a density structure much more extended than 1D stellar evolution predicts. This "halo" of material will impact predictions for both shock breakout and early lightcurves of Type II-P supernovae. Inside of $R_\mathrm{corr}$, we find a nearly flat entropy profile as expected in the efficient regime of mixing-length-theory (MLT). Radiation pressure provides $\approx1/3$ of the support against gravity in this region. Our comparisons to MLT suggest a mixing length of $α=3-4$, consistent with the sizes of convective plumes seen in the simulations. The temporal variability of these 3D models is mostly on the timescale of the convective plume lifetimes ($\approx300$ days), with amplitudes consistent with those observed photometrically.
description: 24 pages+refs, 22 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Responsibility and Regulation: Exploring Social Measures of Trust in Medical AI
Creators: name: McGarry, Glenn
name: Crabtree, Andy
name: Urquhart, Lachlan
name: Chamberlain, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4

description: This paper explores expert accounts of autonomous systems (AS) development in the medical device domain (MD) involving applications of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and other algorithmic and mathematical modelling techniques. We frame our observations with respect to notions of responsible innovation (RI) and the emerging problem of how to do RI in practice. In contribution to the ongoing discourse surrounding trustworthy autonomous system (TAS) [29], we illuminate practical challenges inherent in deploying novel AS within existing governance structures, including domain specific regulations and policies, and rigorous testing and development processes, and discuss the implications of these for the distribution of responsibility in novel AI deployment.
description: To be published in Second International Symposium on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, September 15 18, 2024, Austin, Texas
Entanglement Spectroscopy and probing the Li-Haldane Conjecture in Topological Quantum Matter
Creators: name: Zache, Torsten V.
name: Kokail, Christian
name: Sundar, Bhuvanesh
name: Zoller, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological phases are characterized by their entanglement properties, which is manifest in a direct relation between entanglement spectra and edge states discovered by Li and Haldane. We propose to leverage the power of synthetic quantum systems for measuring entanglement via the Entanglement Hamiltonian to probe this relationship experimentally. This is made possible by exploiting the quasi-local structure of Entanglement Hamiltonians. The feasibility of this proposal is illustrated for two paradigmatic examples realizable with current technology, an integer quantum Hall state of non-interacting fermions on a 2D lattice and a symmetry protected topological state of interacting fermions on a 1D chain. Our results pave the road towards an experimental identification of topological order in strongly correlated quantum many-body systems.
description: 11+11 pages, 7+3 figures
Cellular Transport Mechanisms of Cytotoxic Metallodrugs: An Overview beyond Cisplatin
Creators: name: Spreckelmeyer, Sarah
name: Orvig, Chris
name: Casini, Angela
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: The field of medicinal inorganic chemistry has grown consistently during the past 50 years; however, metal-containing coordination compounds represent only a minor proportion of drugs currently on the market, indicating that research in this area has not yet been thoroughly realized. Although platinum-based drugs as cancer chemotherapeutic agents have been widely studied, exact knowledge of the mechanisms governing their accumulation in cells is still lacking. However, evidence suggests active uptake and efflux mechanisms are involved; this may be involved also in other experimental metal coordination and organometallic compounds with promising antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo, such as ruthenium and gold compounds. Such knowledge would be necessary to elucidate the balance between activity and toxicity profiles of metal compounds. In this review, we present an overview of the information available on the cellular accumulation of Pt compounds from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, as well as a summary of reports on the possible accumulation mechanisms for different families of experimental anticancer metal complexes (e.g., Ru Au and Ir). Finally, we discuss the need for rationalization of the investigational approaches available to study metallodrug cellular transport.
Simulations of the nEDM@SNS light collection system efficiency
Creators: name: Loomis, D. A.
name: Cianciolo, V.
name: Leggett, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system for collecting the scintillation light produced by the capture process of ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) on polarized $^{3}$He is discussed and results from simulations of its performance are presented. This system will be implemented in nEDM@SNS, the experiment searching for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Simulation results show that the light collection system collects on average 17 photoelectrons per UCN-$^{3}$He capture event (sufficient to generate a robust signal), reconstructs the event location in the beam direction to approximately 3 cm accuracy, detects capture events with a high and spatially uniform efficiency (0.95 with 1% variation), and rejects greater than 50% of beta decay background events.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to Journal of Instrumentation
Understanding and Improving Critical Metrology. Quenching Superradiant Light-Matter Systems Beyond the Critical Point
Creators: name: Gietka, Karol
name: Ruks, Lewis
name: Busch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carefully examine critical metrology and present an improved critical quantum metrology protocol which relies on quenching a system exhibiting a superradiant quantum phase transition beyond its critical point. We show that this approach can lead to an exponential increase of the quantum Fisher information in time with respect to existing critical quantum metrology protocols relying on quenching close to the critical point and observing power law behaviour. We demonstrate that the Cramér-Rao bound can be saturated in our protocol through the standard homodyne detection scheme. We explicitly show its advantage using the archetypal setting of the Dicke model and explore a quantum gas coupled to a single-mode cavity field as a potential platform. In this case an additional exponential enhancement of the quantum Fisher information can in practice be observed with the number of atoms $N$ in the cavity, even in the absence of $N$-body coupling terms.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
Deep Slap Fingerprint Segmentation for Juveniles and Adults
Creators: name: Murshed, M. G. Sarwar
name: Kline, Robert
name: Bahmani, Keivan
name: Hussain, Faraz
name: Schuckers, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Many fingerprint recognition systems capture four fingerprints in one image. In such systems, the fingerprint processing pipeline must first segment each four-fingerprint slap into individual fingerprints. Note that most of the current fingerprint segmentation algorithms have been designed and evaluated using only adult fingerprint datasets. In this work, we have developed a human-annotated in-house dataset of 15790 slaps of which 9084 are adult samples and 6706 are samples drawn from children from ages 4 to 12. Subsequently, the dataset is used to evaluate the matching performance of the NFSEG, a slap fingerprint segmentation system developed by NIST, on slaps from adults and juvenile subjects. Our results reveal the lower performance of NFSEG on slaps from juvenile subjects. Finally, we utilized our novel dataset to develop the Mask-RCNN based Clarkson Fingerprint Segmentation (CFSEG). Our matching results using the Verifinger fingerprint matcher indicate that CFSEG outperforms NFSEG for both adults and juvenile slaps. The CFSEG model is publicly available at \url{https://github.com/keivanB/Clarkson_Finger_Segment}
Triaxially strained suspended graphene for large-area pseudo-magnetic fields
Creators: name: Luo, M.
name: Sun, H.
name: Qi, Z.
name: Lu, K.
name: Chen, M.
name: Kang, D.
name: Kim, Y.
name: Burt, D.
name: Yu, X.
name: Wang, C.
name: Kim, Y. D.
name: Wang, H.
name: Wang, Q. -J.
name: Nam, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strain-engineered graphene has garnered much attention recently owing to the possibilities of creating substantial energy gaps enabled by pseudo-magnetic fields. While theoretical works proposed the possibility of creating large-area pseudo-magnetic fields by straining monolayer graphene along three crystallographic directions, clear experimental demonstration of such promising devices remains elusive. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate a triaxially strained suspended graphene structure that has the potential to possess large-scale and quasi-uniform pseudo-magnetic fields. Our structure employs uniquely designed metal electrodes that function both as stressors and metal contacts for current injection. Raman characterization and tight-binding simulations suggest the possibility of achieving pseudo-magnetic fields over a micrometer-scale area. Current-voltage measurements confirm an efficient current injection into graphene, showing the potential of our devices for a new class of optoelectronic applications. We also theoretically propose a photonic crystal-based laser structure that obtains strongly localized optical fields overlapping with the spatial area under uniform pseudo-magnetic fields, thus presenting a practical route towards the realization of graphene lasers.
Monitoring the operation of aluminium smelter cells using individual anode current measurements
Creators: name: Cheung, Cheuk-Yi
name: Menictas, Chris
name: Bao, Jie
name: Skyllas-Kazacos, Maria
name: Welch, Barry J.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, productivity and flexibility of aluminium smelting are becoming important economic drivers due to the changing cost structure. In modifying operating practices to meet these requirements there is an increase in occurrence of abnormalities, such as anode effect, which impacts control strategy as well as cell performance [1]. Therefore it is important to monitor the cell conditions during operation to detect the anomalies that will adversely affect the efficiency of operation. Monitoring and control in the Hall Heroult process are commonly based on the continuous measurements of cell voltage and line current. They reflect global process behaviour, and are used to regulate average alumina concentration, and to maintain voltage balance as well as overall heat balance in the cell [2]. Nevertheless, the Hall Heroult process is highly distributed and exhibits a strong internal coupling between process parameters. This makes cell control based on the cell voltage and line current measurements difficult to address changes in local cell conditions and to isolate process abnormalities at a localised level, especially for large modern cells, since spatial variations are more significant as cell dimensions increase [3].
Multi-symplectic discontinuous Galerkin methods for the stochastic Maxwell equations with additive noise
Creators: name: Sun, Jiawei
name: Shu, Chi-Wang
name: Xing, Yulong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One- and multi-dimensional stochastic Maxwell equations with additive noise are considered in this paper. It is known that such system can be written in the multi-symplectic structure, and the stochastic energy increases linearly in time. High order discontinuous Galerkin methods are designed for the stochastic Maxwell equations with additive noise, and we show that the proposed methods satisfy the discrete form of the stochastic energy linear growth property and preserve the multi-symplectic structure on the discrete level. Optimal error estimate of the semi-discrete DG method is also analyzed. The fully discrete methods are obtained by coupling with symplectic temporal discretizations. One- and two-dimensional numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods, and optimal error estimates and linear growth of the discrete energy can be observed for all cases.
Strong Correlation, Bloch Bundle Topology and Spinless Haldane-Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Ivantsov, Ilya
name: Ferraz, Alvaro
name: Kochetov, Evgenii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different realizations of the Hubbard operators in different Hilbert spaces give rise to various microscopic lattice electron models driven by strong correlations. In terms of the Gutzwiller projected operators, the most familiar examples are the t-J and the BCS-Hubbard models at strong coupling. We focus on the spin-dopon representation of the Hubbard operators. In this case the no double occupancy constraint (NDO) can be reexpressed as a Kondo interaction. As an explicit example, the effective low energy action is derived in terms of itinerant spineless fermions (dopons) strongly interacting with localized lattice spins.The spontaneous breaking of time reversal symmetry describes a spinless version of the Haldane-Hubbard topological theory. Our consideration suggests that the topologically non-trivial U(1) Bloch bundle associated with this model can be realized dynamically due to the presence of strong correlations even in the absence of any external flux.
description: 9 pages
Quantum error correction with higher Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill codes: minimal measurements and linear optics
Creators: name: Schmidt, Frank
name: van Loock, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose two schemes to obtain Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) error syndromes by means of linear optical operations, homodyne measurements and GKP ancillae. This includes showing that for a concatenation of GKP codes with a $[n,k,d]$ stabilizer code only $2n$ measurements are needed in order to obtain the complete syndrome information, significantly reducing the number of measurements in comparison to the canonical concatenated measurement scheme and at the same time generalizing linear-optics-based syndrome detections to higher GKP codes. Furthermore, we analyze the possibility of building the required ancilla states from single-mode states and linear optics. We find that for simple GKP codes this is possible, whereas for concatenations with qubit Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes of distance $d\geq3$ it is not. We also consider the canonical concatenated syndrome measurements and propose methods for avoiding crosstalk between ancillae. In addition, we make use of the observation that the concatenation of a GKP code with a stabilizer code forms a lattice in order to see the analog information decoding of such codes from a different perspective allowing for semi-analytic calculations of the logical error rates.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures. Comments are welcome
Participation, politics and panaceas : exploring the possibilities and limits of participatory urban water governance in Accra, Ghana
Creators: name: Morinville, Cynthia
name: Harris, Leila
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Water governance debates have increasingly recognized the importance of adaptive governance for short- and long-term sustainability, especially with respect to increasing climate unpredictability and growing urbanization. A parallel focus on enhancing community participation pervades international development recommendations and policy literature. Indeed, there are often implicit and explicit connections made between the participatory character of water governance institutions and their adaptive capacity. The social-ecological systems literature, however, has also urged caution with respect to embracing panaceas, with increasing calls to be attentive to the limitations of proposed “solutions.” We discuss the parallels between the adaptive governance, comanagement, and participatory resource governance literatures and analyze efforts to encourage such participation in urban water governance through Local Water Boards in Accra, Ghana. Drawing on interview data, participant observations, and a survey of 243 individuals, we explored what participatory spaces have been opened or foreclosed as well as the possibilities for adaptive urban water governance in Accra. Applying insights from recent debates about panaceas, we argue that discerning the potential and limits for sustainable resource governance and associated development goals requires that participatory mechanisms be subjected to systematic and contextual analysis.
Global Observability Analysis of a Growth Model for Insects Farming
Creators: name: Tafat, Rania
name: Moreno, Jaime A.
name: Streif, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The Hermetia illucens insects or the black soldier fly has been attracting a growing interest in the food and feed industry. For its high nutritional value on the one hand, and because it is an adequate species for insects in controlled environmental agriculture systems, on the other. Therefore, several models describing this larvae's behaviour have been developed in the literature. Due to the complex nature of living organisms, systems of controlled environment agriculture are characterised by their strong nonlinearities. In this paper, we present a three dimensional nonlinear model describing the black soldier fly dry biomass weight dynamic changes due to the temperature's influence. In practice, this biomass weight is not measured in real time. This becomes problematic for applying feedback control strategies that assume full information of the states. Thus, this work investigates the observability of the dry biomass of a Hermetia illucens farming batch. The instantaneous and global observability of the aforementioned model is proven by constructing an injective transformation between the state space and a higher dimensional space where the transformed states are observable.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2024 European Control Conference (ECC)
Getting Genetic Ancestry Right for Science and Society
Creators: name: Lewis, Anna C. F.
name: Molina, Santiago J.
name: Appelbaum, Paul S
name: Dauda, Bege
name: Di Rienzo, Anna
name: Fuentes, Agustin
name: Fullerton, Stephanie M.
name: Garrison, Nanibaa' A.
name: Ghosh, Nayanika
name: Hammonds, Evelynn M.
name: Jones, David S.
name: Kenny, Eimear E.
name: Kraft, Peter
name: Lee, Sandra S. -J.
name: Mauro, Madelyn
name: Novembre, John
name: Panofsky, Aaron
name: Sohail, Mashaal
name: Neale, Benjamin M.
name: Allen, Danielle S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: There is a scientific and ethical imperative to embrace a multidimensional, continuous view of ancestry and move away from continental ancestry categories
Relativistic elastic scattering of an electron by a muon in the field of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave
Creators: name: Mekaoui, Y.
name: Jakha, M.
name: Mouslih, S.
name: Manaut, B.
name: Benbrik, R.
name: Taj, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of quantum electrodynamics, the scattering of an electron by a muon in the presence of a circularly polarized monochromatic laser field is investigated theoretically in the first Born approximation. The expressions for the amplitude and the differential cross section are derived analytically by adopting the Furry picture approach in which the calculations are carried out using exact relativistic Dirac-Volkov functions. We begin by studying the process taking into account the relativistic dressing of only the electron without muon. Then, in order to reveal the effect of the muon dressing, we fully consider the relativistic dressing of the electron and muon together in the initial and final states. As a result, the differential cross section is significantly reduced by the laser field. We find that the effect of laser-dressing of muon becomes noticeable at laser field strengths greater than or equal to $10^{9}~\text{V cm}^{-1}$ and therefore must be taken into account. The influence of the laser field strength and frequency on the differential cross section and multiphoton process is revealed. An insightful comparison with the laser-free results is also included.17
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Youth, violence and non-injection drug use: Nexus of vulnerabilities among lesbian and bisexual sex workers
Creators: name: Lyons, Tara
name: Kerr, Thomas
name: Duff, Putu
name: Feng, Cindy
name: Shannon, K.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Despite increasing evidence of enhanced HIV risk among sexual minority populations, and sex workers in particular, there remains a paucity of epidemiological data on the risk environments of sex workers who identify as lesbian or bisexual. Therefore, this short report describes a study that examined the individual, interpersonal and structural associations with lesbian or bisexual identity among sex workers in Vancouver, Canada. Analysis drew on data from an open prospective cohort of street and hidden off-street sex workers in Vancouver. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the independent relationships between individual-, interpersonal, work environment- and structural-factors and lesbian or bisexual identity. Of the 510 individuals in our sample, 95 [18.6%] identified as lesbian or bisexual. In multivariable analysis, reporting non-injection drug use in the last 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 2.89; 95% confidence intervals [CI]= 1.42, 5.75), youth ≤ 24 years of age (AOR= 2.43; 95% CI = 1.24, 4.73) and experiencing client-perpetrated verbal, physical and/or sexual violence in the last 6 months (AOR= 1.85; 95% CI= 1.15, 2.98) remained independently associated with lesbian/ bisexual identity, after adjusting for potential confounders. The findings demonstrate an urgent need for evidence-based social and structural HIV prevention interventions. In particular, policies and programs tailored to lesbian and bisexual youth and women working in sex work, including those that prevent violence and address issues of non-injection stimulant use are required. lesbian; bisexual; sex work; violence; youth; substance use Send correspondence
Linearly stable and unstable complex soliton solutions with real energies in the Bullough-Dodd model
Creators: name: Correa, Francisco
name: Fring, Andreas
name: Taira, Takanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate different types of complex soliton solutions with regard to their stability against linear pertubations. In the Bullough-Dodd scalar field theory we find linearly stable complex ${\cal{PT}}$-symmetric solutions and linearly unstable solutions for which the ${\cal{PT}}$-symmetry is broken. Both types of solutions have real energies. The auxiliary Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue equation in the stability analysis for the ${\cal{PT}}$-symmetric solutions can be solved exactly by supersymmetrically mapping it to an isospectral partner system involving a shifted and scaled inverse $\cosh$-squared potential. We identify exactly one shape mode in form of a bound state solution and scattering states which when used as linear perturbations leave the solutions stable. The auxiliary problem for the solutions with broken ${\cal{PT}}$-symmetry involves a complex shifted and scaled inverse $\sin$-squared potential. The corresponding bound and scattering state solutions have complex eigenvalues, such that when used as linear perturbations for the corresponding soliton solutions lead to their decay or blow up as time evolves.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Teaching Action Research
Creators: name: Staron, Miroslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Action research entered into software engineering as one of the responses to the software engineering research crisis at the end of the last millennium. As one of the challenges in the crisis was the lack of empirical results and the transfer of research results into practices, action research could address these challenges. It is a methodology where collaboration and host organizations are the focus of knowledge discovery, development, and documentation. Although the method is often well received in industrial contexts, it isn't easy to learn as it requires experience and varies from organization to organization. This chapter describes the pillars of action research as a methodology and how to teach them. The chapter includes examples of teaching action research at the bachelor, master, and PhD levels. In addition to theory, the chapter contains examples from practice.
Sim2Ls: FAIR simulation workflows and data
Creators: name: Hunt, Martin
name: Clark, Steven
name: Mejia, Daniel
name: Desai, Saaketh
name: Strachan, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Just like the scientific data they generate, simulation workflows for research should be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). However, while significant progress has been made towards FAIR data, the majority of science and engineering workflows used in research remain poorly documented and often unavailable, involving ad hoc scripts and manual steps, hindering reproducibility and stifling progress. We introduce Sim2Ls (pronounced simtools) and the Sim2L Python library that allow developers to create and share end-to-end computational workflows with well-defined and verified inputs and outputs. The Sim2L library makes Sim2Ls, their requirements, and their services discoverable, verifies inputs and outputs, and automatically stores results in a globally-accessible simulation cache and results database. This simulation ecosystem is available in nanoHUB, an open platform that also provides publication services for Sim2Ls, a computational environment for developers and users, and the hardware to execute runs and store results at no cost. We exemplify the use of Sim2Ls using two applications and discuss best practices towards FAIR simulation workflows and associated data.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Constraints on the maximum densities of neutron stars from postmerger gravitational waves with third-generation observations
Creators: name: Breschi, Matteo
name: Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
name: Godzieba, Daniel
name: Perego, Albino
name: Radice, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data from 289 numerical relativity simulations of merging binary neutron stars, we identify, for the first time, a robust quasi-universal relation connecting the postmerger peak gravitational-wave frequency and the value of the density at the center of the maximum mass nonrotating neutron star. This relation offers a new possibility for precision equation-of-state constraints with next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave interferometers. Mock Einstein Telescope observations of fiducial events indicate that Bayesian inferences can constrain the maximum density to ${\sim}15\%$ ($90\%$ confidence level) for a single signal at the minimum sensitivity threshold for a detection. If the postmerger signal is included in a full-spectrum (inspiral-merger-postmerger) analysis of such signal, the pressure-density function can be tightly constrained up to the maximum density, and the maximum neutron star mass can be measured with an accuracy better than $12\%$ ($90\%$ confidence level).
Factors influencing the willingness to pay a price premium for red meat with potential to improve consumer wellness in Australia and the United States of America
Creators: name: Zhang, Renyu
name: Kallas, Zein
name: Conner, Tamlin
name: Loeffen, Mark
name: Lee, Michael
name: Day, Li
name: Farouk, Mustafa
name: Realini Cujo, Carolina
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3006
subject: Food sciences

description: This study determined consumers' attitudes towards physical and mental wellness related to red meat consumption and their willingness to pay (WTP) more for the meat. In 2019, two online surveys of red meat eaters were conducted in the USA (n = 1000) and Australia (n = 523) using commercial platforms. Results showed that over 90% of respondents indicated interest in purchasing red meat to improve their wellness status. Additionally, about 85% indicated their WTP more for red meat for its wellness benefits, with Americans indicating stronger willingness than Australian respondents. The potential of meat consumption to improve overall wellness among red meat eaters was a dominant factor influencing consumers' WTP more. Other factors that increased WTP included frequency of meat consumption, physical exercise, sleep quality, number of children in a household, partnership status, and economic position. Outcomes from this study highlight a unique opportunity for the meat industry to position meat on its qualities that include wellness improvement if backed up with robust scientific evidence.
Effect of caring behaviour approach to improve nurses’ caring character in medical-surgical wards
Creators: name: Bakar, Abu
name: Nur Qomariah, Siti
name: Iswati, Iswati
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420505
subject: Nursing workforce

description: ABSTRACT Introduction: Nurses are the leading line of professional healthcare. Many studies of caring include factors that are influential or related, but there has been no intervention to improve the caring character of nurses. The purpose was to prove the effect of the caring behaviour approach on the improvement of nurses’ caring character. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design. The sample size of 100 nurses working in medical-surgical wards of four hospitals in Gresik City was separated into 50 nurses in intervention group and 50 nurses control group by cluster sampling. The caring behaviour approach was given to nurses in the intervention group and nurses in the control group performed their usual care as regulation in nursing care of each hospital. Caring behaviour approach was modification of education and mentoring about Islamic caring and caring behaviour nurses to patients and family. Data collection of nurses’ caring character variable used Caring Behaviour Inventory, consisting of: deference to others, assurance of human presence, positive connectedness, professional knowledge-skills, and attentiveness to Conclusions: Nurses’ caring character should be supervised regularly to assess the performance of nurses, to improve also maintain good caring behaviour. others’ experience. Data analysis used paired t-test and independent t-test at significant level α ≤ 0.05. Results: Nurses between intervention group and control group had similar demographical data in gender and nursing education. Caring behaviour approach had significant influence to improve the nurses’ caring character. There were significant differences of nurses’ caring character between the two groups.
(110-114) 34982-Abu Bakar-Effect.pdf
Creators: name: Bakar, Abu
name: Nur Qomariah, Siti
name: Iswati, Iswati
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420505
subject: Nursing workforce

description: ABSTRACT Introduction: Nurses are the leading line of professional healthcare. Many studies of caring include factors that are influential or related, but there has been no intervention to improve the caring character of nurses. The purpose was to prove the effect of the caring behaviour approach on the improvement of nurses’ caring character. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design. The sample size of 100 nurses working in medical-surgical wards of four hospitals in Gresik City was separated into 50 nurses in intervention group and 50 nurses control group by cluster sampling. The caring behaviour approach was given to nurses in the intervention group and nurses in the control group performed their usual care as regulation in nursing care of each hospital. Caring behaviour approach was modification of education and mentoring about Islamic caring and caring behaviour nurses to patients and family. Data collection of nurses’ caring character variable used Caring Behaviour Inventory, consisting of: deference to others, assurance of human presence, positive connectedness, professional knowledge-skills, and attentiveness to Conclusions: Nurses’ caring character should be supervised regularly to assess the performance of nurses, to improve also maintain good caring behaviour. others’ experience. Data analysis used paired t-test and independent t-test at significant level α ≤ 0.05. Results: Nurses between intervention group and control group had similar demographical data in gender and nursing education. Caring behaviour approach had significant influence to improve the nurses’ caring character. There were significant differences of nurses’ caring character between the two groups.