cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of University Mission Statements and the Missions and Strategic Plans of Athletic Departments
Creators: name: Ketterer, Mark
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: Sports administration

description: Mission statements are the cornerstone of strategic planning (Hax & Majluf, 1984; Conway, Mackay, & Yorke, 1994), and missions and strategic plans are written to set objectives for the future (Kriemadis, 2009; Winston, 2013). This study utilizes the written objectives of the university missions and the athletic department missions and strategic plans to determine the alignment of the two entities. A content analysis of 23 institutions in the "Power 5" conferences in NCAA Division I revealed alignment between the missions of the universities and the athletic department missions and strategic plans. Comparisons were made between the missions of each entity and also between the strategic plans and each mission. The results of this study support the theory athletic departments view themselves as a part of the university and operate in that manner (Kriemadis, 2009).
Conservation of Memory Heritage through the artwork “Sea Present” painted by Shigeru AOKI
Creators: name: Cheong, Ilji
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The scope of cultural heritage is beginning to extend to the modern ear and holistically covers buildings and lifestyle. Using memory has become to be applied as one of the methods for conservation while it is usually used in short duration or just for one heritage. It is hardly ever extended to urban planning. In this paper, I proposed the memory project in Mera village and considered the collaboration among five sectors through three memories. The memory project became virtuous circle to produce community initiatives and new memories at the same time. And, I determined memory heritages through the changes of the relationship between the memories and the spaces. There was a possibility for memory urbanism too. Finally, I revealed the interaction and mediation among five sectors for the conservation of the museum of “Sea Present”. It said that the importance of realistic and balanced viewpoints with authenticity.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Parameter Choices for Sparse Regularization with the $\ell_1$ Norm
Creators: name: Liu, Qianru
name: Wang, Rui
name: Xu, Yuesheng
name: Yan, Mingsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a regularization problem whose objective function consists of a convex fidelity term and a regularization term determined by the $\ell_1$ norm composed with a linear transform. Empirical results show that the regularization with the $\ell_1$ norm can promote sparsity of a regularized solution. It is the goal of this paper to understand theoretically the effect of the regularization parameter on the sparsity of the regularized solutions. We establish a characterization of the sparsity under the transform matrix of the solution. When the fidelity term has a special structure and the transform matrix coincides with a identity matrix, the resulting characterization can be taken as a regularization parameter choice strategy with which the regularization problem has a solution having a sparsity of a certain level. We study choices of the regularization parameter so that the regularization term alleviates the ill-posedness and promote sparsity of the resulting regularized solution. Numerical experiments demonstrate that choices of the regularization parameters can balance the sparsity of the solutions of the regularization problem and its approximation to the minimizer of the fidelity function.
Usitembee nao: Women’s sexual health communication networks in rural Tanzania
Creators: name: Hillman, Anne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Physical, cultural, and economic factors have increased Tanzanian women’s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection. Although health communication campaigns have aimed to reduce infection rates and educate people about sexual health topics, little research has been done on the effectiveness and suitability of these campaigns in rural areas. Multiple in-depth interviews with 20 Tanzanian women from a rural village revealed factors that influenced how mass media health messages were perceived and how they fit with local health communication networks. Local belief systems and an adherence to male-dominated gender roles might have negatively influenced the effectiveness of health messages. Magazines and other mass media, though valued, were not seen as adequate replacements for declining traditional, community-enforced sexual health communication practices. The women felt that mass media messages should be supplemented with seminars and traditional performances and should incorporate more technical information about HIV/AIDS, physical pleasure, raising families, and other topics.
ReDFeat: Recoupling Detection and Description for Multimodal Feature Learning
Creators: name: Deng, Yuxin
name: Ma, Jiayi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep-learning-based local feature extraction algorithms that combine detection and description have made significant progress in visible image matching. However, the end-to-end training of such frameworks is notoriously unstable due to the lack of strong supervision of detection and the inappropriate coupling between detection and description. The problem is magnified in cross-modal scenarios, in which most methods heavily rely on the pre-training. In this paper, we recouple independent constraints of detection and description of multimodal feature learning with a mutual weighting strategy, in which the detected probabilities of robust features are forced to peak and repeat, while features with high detection scores are emphasized during optimization. Different from previous works, those weights are detached from back propagation so that the detected probability of indistinct features would not be directly suppressed and the training would be more stable. Moreover, we propose the Super Detector, a detector that possesses a large receptive field and is equipped with learnable non-maximum suppression layers, to fulfill the harsh terms of detection. Finally, we build a benchmark that contains cross visible, infrared, near-infrared and synthetic aperture radar image pairs for evaluating the performance of features in feature matching and image registration tasks. Extensive experiments demonstrate that features trained with the recoulped detection and description, named ReDFeat, surpass previous state-of-the-arts in the benchmark, while the model can be readily trained from scratch.
Dynamic generation of nonequilibrium superconducting states in Kitaev chain
Creators: name: Shi, Y. B.
name: Zhang, K. L.
name: Song, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium state can exhibit the same macroscopic properties, such as conductivity or superconductivity, as a static state when they share the identical average of an observable over a period of time. We investigate the quench dynamics of a Kitaev chain by introducing two kinds of order parameters which relate to two channels of pairing, local pair in real space and BCS-like pair in momentum space. Based on exact solutions, we find that two order parameters are identical for the ground state, indicating the balance between two kinds of pairing channels, and can identify the quantum phase diagram. However, for a non-equilibrium state obtained by the time evolution from initially prepared vacuum state, the two are different but both can still clearly identify the phase diagram. In the topologically non-trivial region, the non-equilibrium states prefer the BCS-like pairing state. Our finding provides an alternative way to dynamically generate a superconducting state from a trivial empty state and sheds light on the mechanism of pairing.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Comparison of HRV Indices of ECG and BCG Signals
Creators: name: Remesh, Kavya
name: Chunkath, Job
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Electrocardiography (ECG) plays a significant role in diagnosing heart-related issues, it provides, accurate, fast, and dependable insights into crucial parameters like QRS complex duration, the R-R interval, and the occurrence, amplitude, and duration of P, R, and T waves. However, utilizing ECG for prolonged monitoring poses challenges as it necessitates connecting multiple electrodes to the patient's body. This can be discomforting and disruptive, hampering the attainment of uninterrupted recordings. Ballistocardiography (BCG) emerges as a promising substitute for ECG, presenting a non-invasive technique for recording the heart's mechanical activity. BCG signals can be captured using sensors positioned beneath the bed, thereby providing enhanced comfort and convenience for long-term monitoring of the subject. In a recent study, researchers compared the heart rate variability (HRV) indices derived from simultaneously acquired ECG and BCG signals. Encouragingly, the BCG signal yielded satisfactory results similar to those obtained from ECG, implying that BCG holds potential as a viable alternative for prolonged monitoring. The findings of this study carry substantial implications for the advancement of innovative, non-invasive methods in monitoring heart health. BCG showcases the ability to offer a more comfortable and convenient alternative to ECG while retaining its capacity to deliver accurate and reliable cardiac information concerning a patient's condition.
description: 8 Pages, 6 Figures, International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research
The Dissipative Bose-Hubbard Model. Methods and Examples
Creators: name: Kordas, G.
name: Witthaut, D.
name: Buonsante, P.
name: Vezzani, A.
name: Burioni, R.
name: Karanikas, A. I.
name: Wimberger, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open many-body quantum systems have attracted renewed interest in the context of quantum information science and quantum transport with biological clusters and ultracold atomic gases. The physical relevance in many-particle bosonic systems lies in the realization of counter-intuitive transport phenomena and the stochastic preparation of highly stable and entangled many-body states due to engineered dissipation. We review a variety of approaches to describe an open system of interacting ultracold bosons which can be modeled by a tight-binding Hubbard approximation. Going along with the presentation of theoretical and numerical techniques, we present a series of results in diverse setups, based on a master equation description of the dissipative dynamics of ultracold bosons in a one-dimensional lattice. Next to by now standard numerical methods such as the exact unravelling of the master equation by quantum jumps for small systems and beyond mean-field expansions for larger ones, we present a coherent-state path integral formalism based on Feynman-Vernon theory applied to a many-body context.
A Machine Learning Technique to Identify Transit Shaped Signals
Creators: name: Thompson, Susan E.
name: Mullally, Fergal
name: Coughlin, Jeff
name: Christiansen, Jessie L.
name: Henze, Christopher E.
name: Haas, Michael R.
name: Burke, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new metric that uses machine learning to determine if a periodic signal found in a photometric time series appears to be shaped like the signature of a transiting exoplanet. This metric uses dimensionality reduction and k-nearest neighbors to determine whether a given signal is sufficiently similar to known transits in the same data set. This metric is being used by the Kepler Robovetter to determine which signals should be part of the Q1-Q17 DR24 catalog of planetary candidates. The Kepler Mission reports roughly 20,000 potential transiting signals with each run of its pipeline, yet only a few thousand appear sufficiently transit shaped to be part of the catalog. The other signals tend to be variable stars and instrumental noise. With this metric we are able to remove more than 90% of the non-transiting signals while retaining more than 99% of the known planet candidates. When tested with injected transits, less than 1% are lost. This metric will enable the Kepler mission and future missions looking for transiting planets to rapidly and consistently find the best planetary candidates for follow-up and cataloging.
description: Accepted for Publication to The Astrophysical Journal
From the Body of the Dragon: Birth, Rebirth, and the Imagery of Saint Margaret of Antioch in the Luttrell Psalter
Creators: name: Sclippa, Eva
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: The pages of the Luttrell Psalter are heavily decorated and display a wide variety of images, including scenes from the life of Christ, scenes of daily life in the fourteenth century, and hundreds of monsters and monstrous animals. These monsters significantly outnumber other forms of artwork in the margins of the psalter, taking a place of central importance in the manuscript. A common theme of bodily emergence imagery is apparent among the monsters, with humans that burst forth from animal or monstrous bodies, creatures that reveal inner creatures, and monsters that swallow and expel beings both human and non- human. I argue that this bodily emergence imagery is tied to Saint Margaret of Antioch, and through her, the Luttrell Psalter is connected to themes of birth and rebirth, two subjects of particular interest for Sir Geoffrey Luttrell, the patron of the manuscript.
Towards understanding the electronic structure of the simpler members of two-dimensional halide-perovskites
Creators: name: Manousakis, Efstratios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the band-structure of two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites by considering structures related to the simpler case of the series, (BA)$_2$PbI$_4$, in which PbI$_4$ layers are intercalated with butylammonium (BA=CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_3$NH$_3$) organic ligands. We use density-functional-theory (DFT) based calculations and tight-binding (TB) models aiming to discover a simple description of the bands in the vicinity of the valence-band maximum and the conduction-band minimum. We find that the atomic orbitals of the butylammonium chains have negligible contribution to the Bloch states which form the conduction and valence bands in near the Fermi energy. Our calculations reveal a rather universal, i.e., independent of the intercalating BA, rigid-band picture characteristic of the layered perovskite ``matrix''. Besides demonstrating the above conclusion, the main goal of this paper is to find accurate TB models which capture the essential features of the DFT bands near the Fermi energy. First, we ignore electron hopping along the $c$-axis and the octahedral distortions and this increased symmetry halves the Bravais-lattice unit-cell size and the Brillouin zone unfolds to a 45$^{\circ}$ rotated square and this allows some analytical handling of the 2D TB-Hamiltonian. The Pb $6s$ and I $5s$ orbitals are far away from the Fermi level and, thus, we integrate them out to obtain an effective model which only includes hybridized Pb $6p$ and I $5p$ states. Our TB-based treatment a) provides a good quantitative description of the DFT band-structure, b) helps us conceptualize the complex electronic structure in the family of these materials in a simple way and c) yields the one-body part to be combined with appropriately screened electron interaction to describe many-body effects, such as excitonic bound-states.
description: 14 double column pages, 19 Figures
Anti-de Sitter neutron stars in the theory of gravity with nonminimal derivative coupling
Creators: name: Kashargin, Pavel E.
name: Sushkov, Sergey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider neutron star configurations in the scalar-tensor theory of gravity with the coupling between the kinetic term of a scalar field and the Einstein tensor (such the model is a subclass of Horndeski gravity). Neutron stars in this model were studied earlier for the special case with a vanishing ``bare'' cosmological constant, $Λ_0=0$, and a vanishing standard kinetic term, $α=0$. This special case is of interest because it admits so-called stealth configuration, i.e. vacuum configuration with nontrivial scalar field and the Schwarzschild metric. However, generally one has $Λ_0\not=0$ and $α\not=0$ and in this case a vacuum configuration is represented as an asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole solution with the nontrivial scalar field. We construct neutron star configurations in this general case and show that resulting diagrams describing the relation between mass and radius of the star essentially differ from those obtained in GR or the particular model with $α=Λ_0=0$. Instead, the mass-radius diagrams are similar to those obtained for so-called bare strange stars when a star radius decreases monotonically with decreasing mass. We show also that neutron stars in the theory of gravity with nonminimal derivative coupling are more compact comparing to those in GR or the particular model with $α=Λ_0=0$ and suggest a way to estimate possible values of the parameter of nonminimal coupling $\ell$. {\color{red} At last, using the Regge-Wheeler method, we discuss briefly the stability of obtained neutron star configurations.
Magneto-transport and electronic structures in MoSi$_2$ bulks and thin films with different orientations
Creators: name: Afzal, W.
name: Yun, F.
name: Li, Z.
name: Yue, Z.
name: Zhao, W.
name: Sang, L.
name: Yang, G.
name: He, Y.
name: Peleckis, G.
name: Fuhrer, M.
name: Wang, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive study of magneto-transport properties in MoSi$_2$ bulk and thin films. Textured MoSi$_2$ thin films of around 70 nm were deposited on silicon substrates with different orientations. Giant magnetoresistance of 1000% was observed in sintered bulk samples while MoSi$_2$ single crystals exhibit a magnetoresistance (MR) value of 800% at low temperatures. At the low temperatures, the MR of the textured thin films show weak anti-localization behaviour owing to the spin orbit coupling effects. Our first principle calculation show the presence of surface states in this material. The resistivity of all the MoSi$_2$ thin films is significantly low and nearly independent of the temperature, which is important for electronic devices.
Large scale identification of “self-promotion journals” in biomedicine.
Creators: name: Scanff, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted flaws in current scientific publication practices, with suboptimal quality being particularly apparent during the emergency. In a preliminary study we showed that it was possible to detect such “self-promotion journals” by a simple measure: the proportion of contributions published in a journal by any single author. The idea is that Percentage of Papers by the Most Prolific (PPMP) author is a simple measure that can be used as a red flag to identify journals that are suspected of biased editorial decision-making. Complementally, a more complex measure like the Gini index, largely used in econometry to describe ressources repartition inequalities, offer the ability to explore inhomogeneity in authorship volume related to more than one author.
Eco-driving Trajectory Planning of a Heterogeneous Platoon in Urban Environments
Creators: name: Zhen, Hao
name: Mosharafian, Sahand
name: Yang, Jidong J.
name: Velni, Javad Mohammadpour
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Given the increasing popularity and demand for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), Eco-driving and platooning in highways and urban areas to increase the efficiency of the traffic system is becoming a possibility. This paper presents Eco-driving trajectory planning for a platoon of heterogeneous electric vehicles (EVs) in urban environments. The proposed control strategy for the platoon considers energy consumption, mobility and passenger comfort, with which vehicles may pass signalized intersections with no stops. For a given urban route, first, the platoon's leader vehicle employs dynamic programming (DP) to plan a trajectory for the anticipated path with the aim of balancing energy consumption, mobility and passenger comfort. Then, every other following CAV in the platoon either follows its preceding vehicle using a PID-based cooperative adaptive cruise control or plans its own trajectory by checking whether it can pass the next intersection without stopping. Furthermore, a heavy-duty vehicle that cannot efficiently follow a light-weight vehicle would instead employ the DP-based trajectory planner. Simulation studies demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control strategy with which the platoon's energy consumption is shown to reduce while the mobility is not compromised.
description: Accepted for presentation at the 10th IFAC International Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control (AAC2022)
On the Existence and Stability of Rotating Wave Solutions to Lattice Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Bramburger, Jason
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Spiral Waves
Lattice Dynamical Systems

description: Rotating wave solutions to evolution equations have been shown to govern many important biological and chemical processes. Much of the rigorous mathematical investigations of rotating waves rely on the model exhibiting a continuous Euclidean symmetry, which is only present in an idealized situation. Here we investigate the existence of rotationally propagating solutions in a discrete spatial setting, in which typical symmetry methods cannot be applied, thus presenting an unique perspective on rotating waves. Our goal in this thesis is to demonstrate the existence and potential stability of rotating wave solutions to a spatially discretized infinite systems of coupled differential equations. This goal is achieved by considering so-called Lambda-Omega systems, which have frequently been used to model typical oscillatory dynamics. Our work is broken into three major components: 1. An infinite system of coupled phase equations is investigated and we demonstrate that under some mild assumptions the system exhibits a phase-locked rotating wave solution. The phase system is derived from a limiting case of the original Lambda-Omega system, and therefore solutions of the phase equation will be useful in finding rotating wave solutions to the full Lambda-Omega system. 2. We examine the stability of the rotating wave solution found in the coupled phase equations. This is achieved by providing a link with an underlying graph-theoretic geometry endowed by the spatially discretized system. We use results from random walks on infinite graphs to provide a general stability theorem for coupled phase equations. 3. We use the rotating wave solution of the phase equations to extend to a rotating wave solution of the full Lambda-Omega system. This result is achieved using a non-standard Implicit Function Theorem, since we show that typical implicit function arguments cannot be applied to our present situation.
2D Toda $τ$ Functions, Weighted Hurwitz Numbers and the Cayley Graph: Determinant Representation and Recursion Formula
Creators: name: Ding, Xiang-Mao
name: Li, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the determinant representation of the KP $τ$ functions to the case of the 2D Toda $τ$ functions. The generating functions for the weighted Hurwitz numbers are a parametric family of 2D Toda $τ$ functions; for which we give a determinant representation of weighted Hurwitz numbers. Then we can get a finite-dimensional equation system for the weighted Hurwitz numbers $H^d_{G}(σ,ω)$ with the same dimension $|σ|=|ω|=n$. Using this equation system, we calculated the value of the weighted Hurwitz numbers with dimension $0,\,1,\,2$ and give a recursion formula to calculating the higher dimensional weighted Hurwitz numbers. For any given weighted generating function $G(z)$, the weighted Hurwitz number degenerates into the Hurwitz numbers when $d=0$. We get a matrix representation for the Hurwitz numbers. The generating functions of weighted paths in the Cayley graph of the symmetric group are a parametric family of 2D Toda $τ$ functions; for which we obtain a determinant representation of weighted paths in the Cayley graph.
On the Mechanics of NFT Valuation: AI Ethics and Social Media
Creators: name: Zhang, Luyao
name: Sun, Yutong
name: Quan, Yutong
name: Cao, Jiaxun
name: Tong, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As CryptoPunks pioneers the innovation of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in AI and art, the valuation mechanics of NFTs has become a trending topic. Earlier research identifies the impact of ethics and society on the price prediction of CryptoPunks. Since the booming year of the NFT market in 2021, the discussion of CryptoPunks has propagated on social media. Still, existing literature hasn't considered the social sentiment factors after the historical turning point on NFT valuation. In this paper, we study how sentiments in social media, together with gender and skin tone, contribute to NFT valuations by an empirical analysis of social media, blockchain, and crypto exchange data. We evidence social sentiments as a significant contributor to the price prediction of CryptoPunks. Furthermore, we document structure changes in the valuation mechanics before and after 2021. Although people's attitudes towards Cryptopunks are primarily positive, our findings reflect imbalances in transaction activities and pricing based on gender and skin tone. Our result is consistent and robust, controlling for the rarity of an NFT based on the set of human-readable attributes, including gender and skin tone. Our research contributes to the interdisciplinary study at the intersection of AI, Ethics, and Society, focusing on the ecosystem of decentralized AI or blockchain. We provide our data and code for replicability as open access on GitHub.
description: Presented at ChainScience Conference, 2003 (arXiv:2307.03277v2 [cs.DC] 11 Jul 2023)
Systematic Review Protocol
Creators: name: Karvar, Mehran
name: Panayi, Adriana
name: Alavi, Afsaneh
name: Baziar, Zahra
name: Orgill, Dennis
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Acne Inversa
subject: Guideline
subject: Hidradenitis Suppurativa
subject: Management
subject: Middle East
subject: Recommendations
subject: Treatment

description: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), is a chronic, painful, and severely debilitating skin condition that has a profound impact on the quality of life of patients. Current available guidelines for the management of HS are from western countries which may be of limited use in other parts of the world. In this study, using a comprehensive literature review, we sought to determine the treatment options and recommendations available to patients suffering from HS in the Middle East region. We also identified the level of evidence for these recommendations, as well as data on how they differ from guidelines in the West.
Climate Archives from a Viking Age Site, Scotland: Seasonal Temperature Variability During the Medieval Warm Period
Creators: name: Mobilia, Michael Philip
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The Medieval Warm Period (MWP; 800-1300 AD) represents a recent period of warm climate that can be compared to today's warming trend. However, the spatial and temporal variability inherent in the MWP makes it difficult to differentiate between global climate trends and regional variability. Acquiring high-resolution temperature data from this period will allow for increased understanding of temperature variability during this climate interval. We used oxygen isotope ratios preserved in archaeological limpet shells (Patella vulgata) collected from Viking aged midden deposits as a proxy for sea surface temperature. Samples were micromilled to achieve submonthly resolution. Summer and winter temperatures averaged 13.4 ± 0.7 °C and 5.9 ± 0.8 °C, respectively. When compared to regional data from NOAA (12.40 ± 0.39 °C and 7.76 ± 0.44 °C) from 1961-1990, MWP summer temperatures were warmer than current averages, and winter temperatures were cooler. Our results indicate that MWP seasonality was greater than that observed today.
On the equivalence between squeezing and entanglement potential for two-mode Gaussian states
Creators: name: Li, Bohan
name: Das, Aritra
name: Tserkis, Spyros
name: Narang, Prineha
name: Lam, Ping Koy
name: Assad, Syed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maximum amount of entanglement achievable under passive transformations by continuous-variable states is called the entanglement potential. Recent work has demonstrated that the entanglement potential is upper-bounded by a simple function of the squeezing of formation, and that certain classes of two-mode Gaussian states can indeed saturate this bound, though saturability in the general case remains an open problem. In this study, we introduce a larger class of states that we prove saturates the bound, and we conjecture that all two-mode Gaussian states can be passively transformed into this class, meaning that for all two-mode Gaussian states, entanglement potential is equivalent to squeezing of formation. We provide an explicit algorithm for the passive transformations and perform extensive numerical testing of our claim, which seeks to unite the resource theories of two characteristic quantum properties of continuous-variable systems.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
There and back again: understanding the critical properties of backsplash galaxies
Creators: name: Borrow, Josh
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: O'Neil, Stephanie
name: McDonald, Michael A.
name: Smith, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Backsplash galaxies are galaxies that once resided inside a cluster, and have migrated back oustide as they move towards the apocentre of their orbit. The kinematic properties of these galaxies are well understood, thanks to the significant study of backsplashers in dark matter-only simulations, but their intrinsic properties are not well constrained due to modelling uncertainties in sub-grid physics, ram pressure stripping, dynamical friction, and tidal forces. In this paper, we use the IllustrisTNG300-1 simulation, with a baryonic resolution of $M_{\rm b} \approx 1.1\times 10^7$ M$_\odot$, to study backsplash galaxies around 1302 isolated galaxy clusters with mass $10^{13.0} < M_{\rm 200,mean} / {\rm M}_\odot< 10^{15.5}$. We employ a decision tree classifier to extract features of galaxies that make them likely to be backsplash galaxies, compared to nearby field galaxies, and find that backsplash galaxies have low gas fractions, high mass-to-light ratios, large stellar sizes, and low black hole occupation fractions. We investigate in detail the origins of these large sizes, and hypothesise their origins are linked to the tidal environments in the cluster. We show that the black hole recentreing scheme employed in many cosmological simulations leads to the loss of black holes from galaxies accreted into clusters, and suggest improvements to these models. Generally, we find that backsplash galaxies are a useful population to test and understand numerical galaxy formation models due to their challenging environments and evolutionary pathways that interact with poorly constrained physics.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Fluid-electromagnetic helicities and knotted solutions of the fluid-electromagnetic equations
Creators: name: Nastase, Horatiu
name: Sonnenschein, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider an Euler fluid coupled to external electromagnetism. We prove that the Hopfion fluid-electromagnetic knot, carrying fluid and electromagnetic (EM) helicities, solves the fluid dynamical equations as well as the Abanov Wiegmann (AW) equations for helicities, which are inspired by the axial-current anomaly of a Dirac fermion. We also find a nontrivial knot solution with truly interacting fluid and electromagnetic fields. The key ingredients of these phenomena are the EM and fluid helicities. An EM dual system, with a magnetically charged fluid, is proposed and the analogs of the AW equations are written down. We consider a fluid coupled to a nonlinear generalizations for electromagnetism. The Hopfions are shown to be solutions of the generalized equations. We write down the formalism of fluids in 2+1 dimensions, and we dimensionally reduce the 3+1 dimensional solutions. We determine the EM knotted solutions, from which we derive the fluid knots, by applying special conformal transformations with imaginary parameters on un-knotted null constant EM fields.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures; references added
Effect of Environmental Factors on Coliphage Concentrations In Surface Waters
Creators: name: Young, Brianna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Coliphages have been suggested as water quality indicators. The objective of this research was to evaluate effects of environmental factors on coliphage concentrations in San Diego surface waters using both field sampling of recreational waters and controlled mesocosm experiments. Water samples were collected from beach sites during rainfall and tidal events and analyzed for F+ and somatic coliphages, and from a controlled freshwater system in summer and winter. Regression models determined significance of coliphage concentration with different environmental factors. Coliphage concentrations were significantly affected by sample location, rainfall, water temperature, and season, but not by surf height, sea state, salinity, kelp coverage, tide height, wind speed, and turbidity (α= 0.05). Potential coliphage die-off was observed along the San Diego River. This research informs how environmental factors affect coliphage concentrations and demonstrates timing and conditions for viral contamination of surface waters.
Cross-mode Stabilized Stochastic Shallow Water Systems Using Stochastic Finite Element Methods
Creators: name: Chen, Chen
name: Dawson, Clint
name: Valseth, Eirik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M60, 35Q35, 35R60

description: The development of surrogate models to study uncertainties in hydrologic systems requires significant effort in the development of sampling strategies and forward model simulations. Furthermore, in applications where prediction time is critical, such as prediction of hurricane storm surge, the predictions of system response and uncertainties can be required within short time frames. Here, we develop an efficient stochastic shallow water model to address these issues. To discretize the physical and probability spaces we use a Stochastic Galerkin method and a Incremental Pressure Correction scheme to advance the solution in time. To overcome discrete stability issues, we propose cross-mode stabilization methods which employs existing stabilization methods in the probability space by adding stabilization terms to every stochastic mode in a modes-coupled way. We extensively verify the developed method for both idealized shallow water test cases and hindcasting of past hurricanes. We subsequently use the developed and verified method to perform a comprehensive statistical analysis of the established shallow water surrogate models. Finally, we propose a predictor for hurricane storm surge under uncertain wind drag coefficients and demonstrate its effectivity for Hurricanes Ike and Harvey.
Transforming the bride: Gauri Puja in early twentieth-century Mithila painting
Creators: name: Owens, Tammi M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This project investigates depictions of Gauri Puja, an offering of gratitude to the goddess Gauri (Parvati) in kohbar ghar (marriage house) wedding murals designed and executed by women during the four-day Hindu marriage ceremony in the Mithila region of Bihar, India. Drawing upon William G. Archer's 1940 photographs of these murals in Darbhanga district, some of the earliest images of painted interiors from the region, I analyze the depicted narratives. I investigate the relationship between the iconography of the depicted figures and the wedding ceremony for which this space is painted and prepared.
Fidelity of density operator in an operator-algebraic framework
Creators: name: Farenick, Douglas
name: Jaques, Samuel
name: Rahaman, Mizanur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Josza's definition of fidelity for a pair of (mixed) quantum states is studied in the context of two types of operator algebras. The first setting is mainly algebraic in that it involves unital C$^*$-algebras $A$ that possess a faithful trace functional $τ$. In this context, the role of quantum states (that is, density operators) in the classical quantum-mechanical framework is assumed by positive elements $ρ\in A$ for which $τ(ρ)=1$. The second of our two settings is more operator theoretic: by fixing a faithful normal semifinite trace $τ$ on a semifinite von Neumann algebra $M$, we define and consider the fidelity of pairs of positive operators in $M$ of unit trace. The main results of this paper address monotonicity and preservation of fidelity under the action of certain trace-preserving positive linear maps of $A$ or of the predual $M_*$. Our results also yield a new proof of a theorem of Molnár on the structure of quantum channels on the trace-class operators that preserve fidelity.
description: To appear in Journal of Mathematical Physics
Development of a proton Computed Tomography Detector System
Creators: name: Naimuddin, Md.
name: Coutrakon, G.
name: Blazey, G.
name: Boi, S.
name: Dyshkant, A.
name: Erdelyi, B.
name: Hedin, D.
name: Johnson, E.
name: Krider, J.
name: Rukalin, V.
name: Uzunyan, S. A.
name: Zutshi, V.
name: Fordt, R.
name: Sellberg, G.
name: Rauch, J. E.
name: Roman, M.
name: Rubinov, P.
name: Wilson, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computer tomography is one of the most promising new methods to image abnormal tissues inside the human body. Tomography is also used to position the patient accurately before radiation therapy. Hadron therapy for treating cancer has become one of the most advantageous and safe options. In order to fully utilize the advantages of hadron therapy, there is a necessity of performing radiography with hadrons as well. In this paper we present the development of a proton computed tomography system. Our second-generation proton tomography system consists of two upstream and two downstream trackers made up of fibers as active material and a range detector consisting of plastic scintillators. We present details of the detector system, readout electronics, and data acquisition system as well as the commissioning of the entire system. We also present preliminary results from the test beam of the range detector.
description: Prepared for iWorid Proceedings
Rupture of DNA Aptamer: new insights from simulations
Creators: name: Mishra, Rakesh Kumar
name: Nath, Shesh
name: Kumar, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Base-pockets (non-complementary base-pairs) in a double-stranded DNA play a crucial role in biological processes. Because of thermal fluctuations, it can lower the stability of DNA, whereas, in case of DNA aptamer, small molecules e.g. adenosinemonophosphate(AMP), adenosinetriphosphate(ATP) etc, form additional hydrogen bonds with base-pockets termed as "binding-pockets", which enhance the stability. Using the Langevin Dynamics simulations of coarse grained model of DNA followed by atomistic simulations, we investigated the influence of base-pocket and binding-pocket on the stability of DNA aptamer. Striking differences have been reported here for the separation induced by temperature and force, which require further investigation by single molecule experiments.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Fabrication-Robust Silicon Photonic Devices in Standard Sub-Micron Silicon-on-Insulator Processes
Creators: name: Rizzo, Anthony
name: Dave, Utsav
name: Novick, Asher
name: Freitas, Alexandre
name: Roberts, Samantha P.
name: James, Aneek
name: Lipson, Michal
name: Bergman, Keren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbations to the effective refractive index from nanometer-scale fabrication variations in waveguide geometry plague high index-contrast photonic platforms including the ubiquitous sub-micron silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. Such variations are particularly troublesome for phase-sensitive devices such as interferometers and resonators, which exhibit drastic changes in performance as a result of these fabrication-induced phase errors. In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a design methodology for dramatically reducing device sensitivity to silicon width variations. We apply this methodology to a highly phase-sensitive device, the ring-assisted Mach Zehnder interferometer (RAMZI), and show comparable performance and footprint to state-of-the-art devices while substantially reducing stochastic phase errors from etch variations. This decrease in sensitivity is directly realized as energy savings by significantly lowering the required corrective thermal tuning power, providing a promising path towards ultra-energy-efficient large-scale silicon photonic circuits.
Model-Based and Graph-Based Priors for Group Testing
Creators: name: Lau, Ivan
name: Scarlett, Jonathan
name: Sun, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The goal of the group testing problem is to identify a set of defective items within a larger set of items, using suitably-designed tests whose outcomes indicate whether any defective item is present. In this paper, we study how the number of tests can be significantly decreased by leveraging the structural dependencies between the items, i.e., by incorporating prior information. To do so, we pursue two different perspectives: (i) As a generalization of the uniform combinatorial prior, we consider the case that the defective set is uniform over a \emph{subset} of all possible sets of a given size, and study how this impacts the information-theoretic limits on the number of tests for approximate recovery; (ii) As a generalization of the i.i.d.~prior, we introduce a new class of priors based on the Ising model, where the associated graph represents interactions between items. We show that this naturally leads to an Integer Quadratic Program decoder, which can be converted to an Integer Linear Program and/or relaxed to a non-integer variant for improved computational complexity, while maintaining strong empirical recovery performance.
description: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Knowledge and practice of eating disorders among a group of adolescent dental patients
Creators: name: Hicks, Travis M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The purpose of this study was to look at a cohort of female adolescent patients between the ages of 12-17 years to ascertain how much they knew about the eating disorders of bulimia and anorexia nervosa, determine if they had practiced behavior consistent with bulimia and/or anorexia nervosa, and compare the individual participant's personal body image to the participant's Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile to determine if there was a disconnect with actual and perceived healthy weight status. A validated survey instrument was self completed by 126 subjects and weight, height, and BMI percentile were obtained for all participants. Based on the response to the validated questions, 18.3% of the sample may have an eating disorder. The BMI percentiles were higher in the group suspected of having an eating disorder. Of those with a suspected eating disorder, only 38% could correctly identify the definition/symptoms of bulimia nervosa and 50% for anorexia nervosa. Educational interventions should be directed at this young age group, as it appears eating disorders are beginning at a very early age. If the at-risk individuals knew more about the disorders and the consequences that accompany them, they may be less likely to practice the behaviors.