cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Distortion Patterns Since the 1950s: What Needs Explaining?
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Croser, Johanna L.
name: Sandri, Damiano
name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Croser, Johanna L.
name: Sandri, Damiano
name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Political economy
subject: agricultural price and trade policies

description: This paper summarizes a new database that sheds light on the impact of trade-related policy developments over the past half century on distortions to agricultural incentives and thus also to consumer prices for food in 75 countries spanning the per capita income spectrum. Price-support policies of advanced economies hurt not only domestic consumers and exporters of other products but also foreign producers and traders of farm products, and they reduce national and global economic welfare. On the other hand, the governments of many developing countries have directly taxed their farmers over the past half-century, both directly (e.g., export taxes) and also indirectly via overvaluing their currency and restricting imports of manufactures. Thus the price incentives facing farmers in many developing countries have been depressed by both own-country and other countries’ agricultural price and international trade policies. We summarize these and related stylized facts that can be drawn from a new World Bank database that is worthy of the attention of political economy theorists, historians and econometricians. These indicators can be helpful in addressing such questions as the following: Where is there still a policy bias against agricultural production? To what extent has there been overshooting in the sense that some developing-country food producers are now being protected from import competition along the lines of the examples of earlier-industrializing Europe and Japan? What are the political economy forces behind the more-successful reformers, and how do they compare with those in less-successful countries where major distortions in agricultural incentives remain? And what explains the pattern of distortions across not only countries but also industries and in the choice of support or tax instruments within the agricultural sector of each country?
On the incidence of KHz quasi-periodic oscillations in the neutron star system 4U 1636-53
Creators: name: Misra, R.
name: Shanthi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nearly $1.32 \times 10^6$ sec of non-zero count rate data were obtained from five years of {\rm RXTE} observations of the atoll source 4U 1636-53. The data was divided into 10309 segments of 128 sec each. The histogram of the number of segments as a function of count rate shows that the system can naturally be classified into four flux states. For each segment an automated search for kHz QPO was undertaken and the histograms of the maximum Leahy normalised power $P_{max}$ for the four flux states were created. These were fitted by probability distribution functions under the assumption that the intrinsic amplitude of the QPO has a normal distribution. The best fit distribution functions, showed that the fraction $f$ of the time the system exhibits a kHz QPO, decreases from near unity for the lowest flux state ($\approx 1400$ c/s) to zero for the highest one ($> 2550$ c/s) while the average amplitude remains nearly constant. Based on the best fit probability distribution functions, a threshold $P_{thre}$ was defined, such that 95% of the segments with $P_{max} > P_{thre}$ correspond to a real QPO signal. For segments selected by this criterion, the frequency versus count rate plot reproduced the earlier known ``parallel track'' variation with the tracks coinciding roughly with the flux states. It is shown that the gaps between the tracks are not caused by uneven sampling, but rather the QPO phenomenon is absent or weak when the system's flux level is intermediate between two flux states.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: Introduction and Summary
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Political economy
subject: agricultural price and trade policies

description: During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries, while doing little to assist small farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however, many developing countries began to reduce the anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives conceptually and econometrically by making use of new political economy theory and a new globally comprehensive and consistent set of estimates of the changing extent of annual distortions over the past half-century. The distortion estimates involve more than 70 products that cover around 70 percent of the value of agricultural output in each of 75 countries that together account for over 90 percent of the global economy, and they expose the contribution of the various policy instruments (both farm and non-farm) to the net distortion to farmer incentives. Such a widespread coverage of countries, products, years and policy instruments has allowed this collection of studies to test a wide range of hypotheses suggested by the new political economy literature, including the importance of institutions. As a set it sheds much new light on the underlying forces that have affected incentives facing farmers in the course of national and global economic and political development, and hence on how those distortions might change in the future – or be changed by concerted actions to offset political pressures from traditionally powerful vested interests.
The origin of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the dwarf regime
Creators: name: Jackson, R. A.
name: Martin, G.
name: Kaviraj, S.
name: Ramsøy, M.
name: Devriendt, J. E. G.
name: Sedgwick, T.
name: Laigle, C.
name: Choi, H.
name: Beckmann, R. S.
name: Volonteri, M.
name: Dubois, Y.
name: Pichon, C.
name: Yi, S. K.
name: Slyz, A.
name: Kraljic, K.
name: Kimm, T.
name: Peirani, S.
name: Baldry, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) -- defined as systems that are fainter than the surface-brightness limits of past wide-area surveys -- form the overwhelming majority of galaxies in the dwarf regime (M* < 10^9 MSun). Using NewHorizon, a high-resolution cosmological simulation, we study the origin of LSBGs and explain why LSBGs at similar stellar mass show the large observed spread in surface brightness. New Horizon galaxies populate a well-defined locus in the surface brightness -- stellar mass plane, with a spread of ~3 mag arcsec^-2, in agreement with deep SDSS Stripe data. Galaxies with fainter surface brightnesses today are born in regions of higher dark-matter density. This results in faster gas accretion and more intense star formation at early epochs. The stronger resultant supernova feedback flattens gas profiles at a faster rate which, in turn, creates shallower stellar profiles (i.e. more diffuse systems) more rapidly. As star formation declines towards late epochs (z<1), the larger tidal perturbations and ram pressure experienced by these systems (due to their denser local environments) accelerate the divergence in surface brightness, by increasing their effective radii and reducing star formation respectively. A small minority of dwarfs depart from the main locus towards high surface brightnesses, making them detectable in past wide surveys. These systems have anomalously high star-formation rates, triggered by recent, fly-by or merger-driven starbursts. We note that objects considered extreme/anomalous at the depth of current datasets, e.g. `ultra-diffuse galaxies', actually dominate the predicted dwarf population and will be routinely visible in future surveys like LSST.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Distribution of Agricultural NRAs across Countries and Products, 1955-84 and 1985-2007
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Croser, Johanna L.
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Croser, Johanna L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Agricultural price and trade policies
subject: nominal rates of assistance

description: The global database developed as an integral part of the World Bank's research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, which is publicly available at www.worldbank.org/agdistortions, provides around 30,000 estimates of nominal rates of assistance to agricultural industries (NRAs) and associated consumer tax equivalents for 75 countries that together account for between 90 and 95 percent of the world’s population, farmers, agricultural output and total GDP. They also account for more than 85 percent of farm production and employment in each of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia as well as all OECD countries. More than 70 products are included (an average of 11 per country), which represents around 70 percent of the gross value of agricultural production in each of the focus countries, and just under two-thirds of global farm production valued at undistorted prices over the period covered. Not all countries had data for all of the entire 1955-2007 period, but the average number of years covered is 41 per country. This paper provides details of the coverage of the database. It also summarizes the distributions of the NRAs by showing two sets of Box plots for 1955-84 and 1985-2007, one set for various regions of the world, the other for all the covered products for each focus country.
The Longitudinal Structure Function at the Third Order
Creators: name: Moch, S.
name: Vermaseren, J. A. M.
name: Vogt, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the complete third-order contributions to the coefficient functions for the longitudinal structure function F_L, thus completing the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) description of unpolarized electromagnetic deep-inelastic scattering in massless perturbative QCD. Our exact results agree with determinations of low even-integer Mellin moments and of the leading small-x terms in the flavour-singlet sector. In this letter we present compact and accurate parametrizations of the results and illustrate the numerical impact of the NNLO corrections.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, 4 eps-figures. DESY preprint number corrected
Glide-symmetric topological crystalline insulator phase in a nonprimitive lattice
Creators: name: Kim, Heejae
name: Murakami, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the topological crystalline insulator phase protected by the glide symmetry, which is characterized by the Z2 topological number. In the present paper, we derive a formula for the Z2 topological invariant protected by glide symmetry in a nonprimitive lattice, from that in a primitive lattice. We establish a formula for the glide-Z2 invariant for the space group No. 9 with glide symmetry in the base-centered lattice, by folding the Brillouin zone into that of the primitive lattice where the formula for the glide-Z2 invariant is known. The formula is written in terms of integrals of the Berry curvatures and Berry phases in the k-space. We also derive a formula of the glide-Z2 invariantwhen the inversion symmetry is added, and the space group becomes No. 15. This reduces the formula into the Fu-Kane-like formula, expressed in terms of the irreducible representations at high-symmetry points in $k$ space. We also construct these topological invariants by the layer-construction approach, and the results completely agree with those from the k-space approach.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of A comprehensive descriptive assessment of obesity related chronic morbidity and estimated annual cost burden from a population-based electronic health record database
Creators: name: Reges, Orna
name: Leibowitz, Morton
name: Hirsch, Avital
name: Dicker, Dror
name: Finer, Nick
name: Haase, Christiane Lundegaard
name: Satylganova, Altynai
name: Leventer-Roberts, Maya
name: Feldman, Becca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Heat map 1. Prevalence of individuals with multi-body system related morbidity (multi-BSRM) as of 01 January 2014
Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions: The Literature to Date
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Political economy
subject: agricultural distortions
subject: high-income countries
subject: developing countries

description: The 1980s and first half of the 1990s were a very active period in the field of political economy of agricultural protection. While the past decade has witnessed a slowdown in this area, there have been very important developments on political economy in other parts of the economics profession. This paper reviews key new insights and developments in the general political economy literature and draws implications for the study of the political economy of distortions to agricultural incentives.
Iterated wreath product of the simplex category and iterated loop spaces
Creators: name: Berger, Clemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G30; 55P48; 18G55; 55P20

description: Generalising Segal's approach to 1-fold loop spaces, the homotopy theory of $n$-fold loop spaces is shown to be equivalent to the homotopy theory of reduced $Θ_n$-spaces, where $Θ_n$ is an iterated wreath product of the simplex category $Δ$. A sequence of functors from $Θ_n$ to $Γ$ allows for an alternative description of the Segal-spectrum associated to a $Γ$-space. In particular, each Eilenberg-MacLane space $K(π,n)$ has a canonical reduced $Θ_n$-set model.
AdS_5 Black Holes with Fermionic Hair
Creators: name: Burrington, Benjamin A.
name: Liu, James T.
name: Sabra, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of new BPS objects in AdS_5 has led to a deeper understanding of AdS/CFT. To help complete this picture, and to fully explore the consequences of the supersymmetry algebra, it is also important to obtain new solutions with bulk fermions turned on. In this paper we construct superpartners of the 1/2 BPS black hole in AdS_5 using a natural set of fermion zero modes. We demonstrate that these superpartners, carrying fermionic hair, have conserved charges differing from the original bosonic counterpart. To do so, we find the R-charge and dipole moment of the new system, as well as the mass and angular momentum, defined through the boundary stress tensor. The complete set of superpartners fits nicely into a chiral representation of AdS_5 supersymmetry, and the spinning solutions have the expected gyromagnetic ratio, g=1.
description: 22 pages, Revtex 4, references added
Quantum Replicator Dynamics
Creators: name: Hidalgo, Esteban Guevara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose quantization relationships which would let us describe and solution problems originated by conflicting or cooperative behaviors among the members of a system from the point of view of quantum mechanical interactions. The quantum analogue of the replicator dynamics is the equation of evolution of mixed states from quantum statistical mechanics. A system and all its members will cooperate and rearrange its states to improve their present condition. They strive to reach the best possible state for each of them which is also the best possible state for the whole system. This led us to propose a quantum equilibrium in which a system is stable only if it maximizes the welfare of the collective above the welfare of the individual. If it is maximized the welfare of the individual above the welfare of the collective the system gets unstable and eventually it collapses.
description: 10 pages
ELM triggering conditions for the integrated modeling of H-mode plasmas
Creators: name: Pankin, A. Y.
name: Bateman, G.
name: Brennan, D. P.
name: Schnack, D. D.
name: Snyder, P. B.
name: Voitsekhovitch, I.
name: Kritz, A. H.
name: Janeschitz, G.
name: Kruger, S.
name: Onjun, T.
name: Pacher, G. W.
name: Pacher, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in the integrated modeling of ELMy H-mode plasmas are presented. A model for the H-mode pedestal and for the triggering of ELMs predicts the height, width, and shape of the H-mode pedestal and the frequency and width of ELMs. Formation of the pedestal and the L-H transition is the direct result of ExB flow shear suppression of anomalous transport. The periodic ELM crashes are triggered by either the ballooning or peeling MHD instabilities. The BALOO, DCON, and ELITE ideal MHD stability codes are used to derive a new parametric expression for the peeling-ballooning threshold. The new dependence for the peeling-ballooning threshold is implemented in the ASTRA transport code. Results of integrated modeling of DIII-D like discharges are presented and compared with experimental observations. The results from the ideal MHD stability codes are compared with results from the resistive MHD stability code NIMROD.
description: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France)
The polaronic effect of a metal layer on variable range hopping
Creators: name: Asban, Ofek
name: Burin, Alexander
name: Shnirman, Alexander
name: Schechter, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of a metal plate on the variable range hopping (VRH) conductivity of a two dimensional electron-glass (EG) system. The VRH conductivity is known to have a stretched exponential dependence on temperature, with an exponent $p$ that depends on the shape of the EG's single particle density of states (DOS). For constant DOS $p=1/3$ and for linear DOS $p=1/2$, also known as Mott's and Efros-Shklovskii's VRH respectively. The presence of the plate causes two effects on the EG system, static and dynamic. The well known static effect accounts for the additional screening of the Coulomb repulsion in the EG and for the partial filling of the Coulomb gap in the DOS. This in turn causes an increase of the conductivity at very low temperatures. Here we investigate the complementary dynamical effect, which is related to the polaronic phenomena. Our main result is the dynamical suppression of the standard phonon assisted hopping and, thus, suppression of the conductivity in a much wider range of temperatures as compared to the low temperature static effect. The relation to experiments is discussed.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to Physical Review B
Multi-scale modelling of concrete structures affected by alkali-silica reaction: Coupling the mesoscopic damage evolution and the macroscopic concrete deterioration
Creators: name: Gallyamov, Emil R.
name: Ramos, Aurelia Isabel Cuba
name: Corrado, Mauro
name: Rezakhani, Roozbeh
name: Molinari, Jean-Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A finite-element approach based on the first-order FE 2 homogenisation technique is formulated to analyse the alkali-silica reaction-induced damage in concrete structures, by linking the concrete degradation at the macro-scale to the reaction extent at the meso-scale. At the meso-scale level, concrete is considered as a heterogeneous material consisting of aggregates embedded in a mortar matrix. The mechanical effects of the Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) are modelled through the application of temperature-dependent eigenstrains in several localised spots inside the aggregates and the mechanical degradation of concrete is modelled using continuous damage model, which is capable of reproducing the complex ASR crack networks. Then, the effective stiffness tensor and the effective stress tensor for each macroscopic finite element are computed by homogenising the mechanical response of the corresponding representative volume element (RVE), thus avoiding the use of phenomenological constitutive laws at the macro-scale. Convergence between macro- and meso-scales is achieved via an iterative procedure. A 2D model of an ASR laboratory specimen is analysed as a proof of concept. The model is able to account for the loading applied at the macro-scale and the ASR-product expansion at the meso-scale. The results demonstrate that the macroscopic stress state influences the orientation of damage inside the underlying RVEs. The effective stiffness becomes anisotropic in cases where damage is aligned inside the RVE.
Additional file 1 of A comprehensive descriptive assessment of obesity related chronic morbidity and estimated annual cost burden from a population-based electronic health record database
Creators: name: Reges, Orna
name: Leibowitz, Morton
name: Hirsch, Avital
name: Dicker, Dror
name: Finer, Nick
name: Haase, Christiane Lundegaard
name: Satylganova, Altynai
name: Leventer-Roberts, Maya
name: Feldman, Becca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Diagnosis definition/ICD-9-CM diagnoses codes
Charge trap layer enabled positive tunable V$_{fb}$ in $β$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ gate stacks for enhancement mode transistors
Creators: name: Biswas, Dipankar
name: Joishi, Chandan
name: Biswas, Jayeeta
name: Tiwari, Prabhans
name: Lodha, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $β$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ based enhancement mode transistor designs are critical for the realization of low loss, high efficiency next generation power devices with rudimentary driving circuits. A novel approach towards attaining a high positive flat band voltage (V$_{fb}$) of 10.6 V in $β$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs), with the ability to fine tune it between 3.5 V to 10.6 V, using a polycrystalline AlN charge trap layer has been demonstrated. This can enable enhancement mode operation over a wide doping range. Excellent V$_{fb}$ retention of ${\sim}$97% for 10$^{4}$ s at 55 $^{\circ}$C was exhibited by the gate stacks after charge trapping, hence reducing the requirement of frequent charge injection cycles. In addition, low gate leakage current density (J$_{g}$) for high negative gate voltages (V$_{g}$${\sim}$-60 V) indicates the potential of this gate stack to enable superior breakdown characteristics in enhancement mode transistors.
description: Single file (Manuscript and Supplementary material combined) of 19 pages. Total 5 and 4 figures in manuscript and supplementary material, respectively
Park with People Conservation Strategy: Local Residents Willingness to Pay and Expected Net Losses in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Bekabil, Fufa
name: Anemut, Belete
name: Bekabil, Fufa
name: Anemut, Belete
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Park with people
subject: Willingness to pay and Expected net loss
subject: Semein National Park

description: Local residents’ willingness to pay and expected net loss as a result of park with people conservation strategy of the Semien Mountain National Park (SMNP) were analyzed using Heckman two stages econometric estimation procedure. The model results showed that age, degradation of farm plots, use of improved technologies, livestock ownership, cultivable land owned, perception of land degradation and land tenure security were found to be important in determining the farmers’ willingness to pay for the conservation of the national park. In addition, training on soil and water conservation, land degradation, satisfaction with conflict resolution and distance from the district’s town, use of improved technologies and income from tourist related activities were important determinants of intensity of labor contribution. On the other hand, being male household head, existence of plots with in the park boundary, age of the household head, number of oxen owned, distance from the district’s town and willingness of a household to pay for the conservation of the national park were found to relate significantly to expected net loss. The consideration of these factors would be useful to the successful and sustainable implementation of the conservation strategy.
Combinatorics of Nahm sums, quiver resultants and the K-theoretic condition
Creators: name: Noshchenko, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Algebraic Nahm equations, considered in the paper, are polynomial equations, governing the $q\rightarrow 1$ limit of the $q$-hypergeometric Nahm sums. They make an appearance in various fields: hyperbolic geometry, knot theory, quiver representation theory, topological strings and conformal field theory. In this paper we focus primarily on Nahm sums and Nahm equations that arise in relation with symmetric quivers. For a large class of them, we prove that quiver A-polynomials -- specialized resultants of the Nahm equations, are tempered (the so-called K-theoretic condition). This implies that they are quantizable. Moreover, we find that their face polynomials obey a remarkable combinatorial pattern. We use the machinery of initial forms and mixed polyhedral decompositions to investigate the edges of the Newton polytope. We show that this condition holds for the diagonal quivers with adjacency matrix $C = \mathrm{diag}(α,α,\dots,α),\ α\geq 2$, and provide several checks for non-diagonal quivers. Our conjecture is that the K-theoretic condition holds for all symmetric quivers.
description: 62 pages, 30 figures
Meaningful engagement in RCMP workplaces : what helps and what hinders
Creators: name: Morley, Jeffrey Gordon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study investigated what helps and what hinders RCMP officers in being meaningfully engaged in their work. Experiencing workplace engagement is becoming increasingly meaningful and important for both workers and employers in the new economy. The study is important to the field of counselling, and related fields such as organizational psychology, in terms of both theory and practice, as it concretely expands our understanding of the experience of workplace engagement for workers. In this study, the participants consisted of 14 male RCMP officers and 11 female RCMP officers. Participants were all posted in the Greater Vancouver area at the time of the study, although officers had previously been posted at a variety o f locations throughout Canada. Officers were individually interviewed using a semi-structured, open-ended interview consistent with Flanagan's (1954) Critical Incident Technique. In total, 370 critical incidents were elicited from the 25 participants. Critical incidents helping officers experience meaningful engagement in their work totaled 197. Critical incidents hindering officers in experiencing meaningful engagement in their work totaled 173. The critical incidents were then grouped into 19 categories based on the nature of the incident and the meaning the incident held for the officer. To address reliability in categorizing incidents, two independent judges categorized a sampling o f incidents. In both cases judges agreed with the researcher's categorization in over 90% of incidents. Four participants were also presented with their own critical incidents, and asked to categorize them. Again participants agreed with the researcher's categorization in over 90% of incidents. The main categories identified in this the study were supervision, police incidents, perceived organizational support, transfer, personal circumstances, and peers. In each of these categories both helping and hindering critical incidents were identified by participants. This study provides a detailed description and analysis of the critical incidents that help or hinder RCMP officers in being meaningfully engaged in their work.
How Costly are (Agricultural) Investments during Economic Transition? A Critical Literature Appraisal
Creators: name: Zinych, Nataliya
name: Odening, Martin
name: Zinych, Nataliya
name: Odening, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Investment
subject: transition
subject: credit constraints
subject: soft budget constraints

description: This paper critically examines a large strand of empirical literature with regard to (agricultural) finance and investment in economic transition. Our main contribution is to summarize empirical evidence for the co-existence of credit constraints and soft budget constraints (SBC) and to highlight a conceptual framework for their appropriate classification. This is of particular interest since credit constraints and SBC have really different economic effects, and the lack of discrimination between these forms of capital market imperfections may lead to wrong (agricultural) policy implications. Apparently, credit constraints in transitional economies became more important than soft budget constraints for firms’ growth and structural change.
description: Investment theory
Utilizing Encoding in Scalable Linear Optics Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Hayes, A. J. F.
name: Gilchrist, A.
name: Myers, C. R.
name: Ralph, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scheme which offers a significant reduction in the resources required to implement linear optics quantum computing. The scheme is a variation of the proposal of Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn, and makes use of an incremental approach to the error encoding to boost probability of success.
Photodissociation of long-range Rydberg molecules
Creators: name: Peper, Michael
name: Deiglmayr, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present photodissociation of ultracold long-range Rydberg molecules as a tool to characterize their electronic properties. We photoassociate K2 37P molecules with highly entangled electronic and nuclear spins of the two bound atoms and quantify the entanglement by projection of the molecular state onto non-interacting atoms using radiofrequency photodissociation. By comparison of experimental photodissociation rates with theoretical predictions we further characterize the electronic and nuclear wavefunction of the photoassociated molecules. Based on the complete characterization of the formed long-range Rydberg molecules, we demonstrate a full hyperfine-spin flip of a free ground-state atom through the interaction with a Rydberg atom.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Baryonic hybrids: Gluons as beads on strings between quarks
Creators: name: Cornwall, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the ground state of the heavy-quark hybrid system composed of three quarks and a gluon. The known string tension K and approximately-known gluon mass M lead to a precise specification of the long-range non-relativistic part of the potential binding the gluon to the quarks with no undetermined phenomenological parameters, in the limit of large interquark separation R. Our major tool (also used earlier by Simonov) is the use of proper-time methods to describe gluon propagation within the quark system, which reveals the gluon Wilson line as a composite of co-located quark and antiquark lines. We show that (aside from color-Coulomb and similar terms) the gluon potential energy in the presence of quarks is accurately described via attaching these three strings to the gluon, which in equilibrium sits at the middle of the Y-shaped string network joining the three quarks. The gluon undergoes small harmonic fluctuations that slightly stretch these strings and quasi-confine the gluon to the neighborhood of the middle. In the non-relativistic limit (large R) we use the Schrodinger equation, ignoring mixing with l=2 states. Relativistic corrections (smaller R) are applied with a variational principle for the relativistic harmonic oscillator. We also consider the role of color-Coulomb contributions. We find leading non-relativistic large-R terms in the gluon string energy which behave like the square root of K/(MR). The relativistic energy goes like the cube root of K/R. We get an acceptable fit to lattice data with M = 500 MeV. We show that in the quark-antiquark hybrid the gluon is a bead that can slide without friction on a string joining the quark and anti-quark. We comment briefly on the significance of our findings to fluctuations of the minimal surface.
description: 18 pages, revtex4 plus 8 .eps figures in one .tar.gz file
A Combinatorial Study on Quiver Varieties
Creators: name: Fujii, Shigeyuki
name: Minabe, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14C05, 14D21, 05A19, 05E10

description: This is an expository paper which has two parts. In the first part, we study quiver varieties of affine $A$-type from a combinatorial point of view. We present a combinatorial method for obtaining a closed formula for the generating function of Poincaré polynomials of quiver varieties in rank 1 cases. Our main tools are cores and quotients of Young diagrams. In the second part, we give a brief survey of instanton counting in physics, where quiver varieties appear as moduli spaces of instantons, focusing on its combinatorial aspects.
XENON1T excess from anomaly-free ALP dark matter and its implications for stellar cooling anomaly
Creators: name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
name: Yamada, Masaki
name: Yin, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, an anomalous excess was found in the electronic recoil data collected at the XENON1T experiment. The excess may be explained by an axion-like particle (ALP) with mass of a few keV and a coupling to electron of $g_{ae} \sim 10^{-13}$, if the ALP constitutes all or some fraction of local dark matter (DM). In order to satisfy the X-ray constraint, the ALP coupling to photons must be significantly suppressed compared to that to electrons. This strongly suggests that the ALP has no anomalous couplings to photons, i.e., there is no U(1)$_{\rm PQ}$-U(1)$_{\rm em}$-U(1)$_{\rm em}$ anomaly. We show that such anomaly-free ALP DM predicts an X-ray line signal with a definite strength through the operator arising from threshold corrections, and compare it with the projected sensitivity of the ATHENA X-ray observatory. The abundance of ALP DM can be explained by the misalignment mechanism, or by thermal production if it constitutes a part of DM. In particular, we find that the anomalous excess reported by the XENON1T experiment as well as the stellar cooling anomalies from white dwarfs and red giants can be explained simultaneously better when the ALP constitutes about 10\% of DM. As concrete models, we revisit the leptophilic anomaly-free ALP DM considered in [Phys.Lett.B 734 (2014) 178-182] as well as an ALP model based on a two Higgs doublet model in the supplemental material.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; (v2: discussion extended to the case of subdominant ALP DM and added implications for stellar cooling anomaly. Conclusion unchanged.); (v3: figure added, published version)
Magnetism in purple bronze Li$_{0.9}$Mo$_6$O$_{17}$
Creators: name: Chakhalian, J.
name: Salman, Z.
name: Brewer, J.
name: Froese, A.
name: He, J.
name: Mandrus, D.
name: Jin, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muon spin relaxation measurements around the 25 K metal-insulator transition in Li$_{0.9}$Mo$_6$O$_{17}$ elucidate a profound role of disorder as a possible mechanism for this transition. The relaxation rate $1/T_1$ and the muon Knight shift are incompatible with the transition to a SDW state and thus exclude it.
description: pages 2, fig 2, The conf. on strongly correlated electron systems, SCES 2004, Germany
Additional file 1 of CoreSimul: a forward-in-time simulator of genome evolution for prokaryotes modeling homologous recombination
Creators: name: Bobay, Louis-Marie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Comparison between CoreSimul simulations with selection and recombination rate predictions of ClonalFrameML. Simulations were run with parameters that closely match the sequence parameters of A. pittii: GC = 45%, transition/transversion ratio κ = 1.6, relative substitution rates of codon positions: 0.15, 0.07 and 0.78 for codon positions 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The black dashed line represents the theoretical expectation between ClonalFrameML predictions and the recombination rates in the simulated dataset. The red line represents the observed linear regression between the simulated r/m values and the r/m values predicted by ClonalFrameML (note that only the data points for r/m ≤ 1 were used for the regression).
The Impacts of GAFTA on Syrian Trade after Its full Implementation
Creators: name: Baghasa, Hajar
name: Babili, Mahmoud
name: Baghasa, Hajar
name: Babili, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: غافتا (GAFTA)
subject: سوريا (Syria)، التجارة الزراعية (Agricultural trade) ، المشاكل (problems)

description: Studies about GAFTA’s impact on Syria are still few, especially those about its impacts on the agricultural sector. In fact, concerned researchers are in urgent need to know recent developments in GAFTA implementation and to review its updated impacts on Syrian agricultural sector. Therefore, we, NAPC, suggested producing a working paper about GAFTA, including revision for its current situation, its implementation’s impact on Syrian agricultural trade, and economic regression for Syrian- GAFTA members trade comparing with Syrian- third parties trade (especially the EU). In addition to the general introduction, the paper also includes an evaluation to the Syrian position on the scale of GAFTA targets’ achievement. The paper checks commercial developments resulted from GAFTA implementation through comparative study for one years before and one after the agreement (1995 and 2005) and evaluate these developments numerically by various trade indicators. After then, an economic study is performed for analysing GAFTA impacts on GAFTA intra trade, and then lastly comes paper’s conclusions. Moreover, (Abedini and Péridy, 2006) paper was considered as a reference paper; Data from the mentioned paper and from various sources, such as international monetary fund (IMF) database, National Agricultural Policy Centre (NAPC) database and Central Bureau of Statistics in Syria, beside other sources were all benefited. Although the regression model results of analysis in this paper were not significant, the paper concluded some substantial results and recommendations, which are listed and detailed at the end.
Additional file 6 of Prevention of health care associated venous thromboembolism through implementing VTE prevention clinical practice guidelines in hospitalized medical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Abboud, Juliana
name: Rahman, Abir Abdel
name: Kahale, Lara
name: Dempster, Martin
name: Adair, Pauline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. MINORS Summary of risk of bias.
Comparison of NNARX, ANN and ARIMA Techniques to Poultry Retail Price Forecasting
Creators: name: Karbasi, Ali Reza
name: Laskukalayeh, Somayeh Shirzadi
name: Fahimifard, Seiad Mohammad
name: Karbasi, Ali Reza
name: Laskukalayeh, Somayeh Shirzadi
name: Fahimifard, Seiad Mohammad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: NNARX
subject: Poultry Retail Price
subject: Forecasting

description: The lack of study among the economic forecasting literature that can empirically proves the hypothesis of being more powerfulness of dynamic neural networks in comparison with the static neural networks models for forecasting, is the most important motivation of this study. In this paper, the utilization of NNARX as a nonlinear dynamic neural network model, ANN as a nonlinear static neural network model and ARIMA as a linear model were compared to forecast poultry retail price. As a case study on Iranian poultry retail price, we compare forecast performance of these models for three forecasts (1, 2 and 4 week ahead). Results show that NNARX and ANN models outperform ARIMA model, and also NNARX model outperforms ANN model for all three forecasts.
Additional file 4 of Prevention of health care associated venous thromboembolism through implementing VTE prevention clinical practice guidelines in hospitalized medical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Abboud, Juliana
name: Rahman, Abir Abdel
name: Kahale, Lara
name: Dempster, Martin
name: Adair, Pauline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Characteristics of included studies.
Precise pulse shaping for quantum control of strong optical transitions
Creators: name: Ma, Yudi
name: Huang, Xing
name: Wang, Xiaoqing
name: Ji, Lingjing
name: He, Yizun
name: Qiu, Liyang
name: Zhao, Jian
name: Wang, Yuzhuo
name: Wu, Saijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advances of quantum control technology have led to nearly perfect single-qubit control of nuclear spins and atomic hyperfine ground states. In contrast, quantum control of strong optical transitions, even for free atoms, are far from being perfect. Developments of such quantum control appears to be bottlenecked by available laser technology for generating isolated, sub-nanosecond optical waveforms with sub-THz programming bandwidth. Here we propose a simple and robust method for the desired pulse shaping, based on precisely stacking multiple delayed picosecond pulses. Our proof-of-principal demonstration leads to arbitrarily shapeable optical waveforms with 30~GHz bandwidth and $100~$ps duration. We confirm the stability of the waveforms by interfacing the pulses with laser-cooled atoms, resulting in ``super-resolved'' spectroscopic signals. This pulse shaping method may open exciting perspectives in quantum optics, and for fast laser cooling and atom interferometry with mode-locked lasers.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Radio Astronomical Polarimetry and High-Precision Pulsar Timing
Creators: name: van Straten, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method of matrix template matching is presented in the context of pulsar timing analysis. Pulse arrival times are typically measured using only the observed total intensity light curve. The new technique exploits the additional timing information available in the polarization of the pulsar signal by modeling the transformation between two polarized light curves in the Fourier domain. For a number of millisecond pulsars, arrival time estimates derived from polarimetric data are predicted to exhibit greater precision and accuracy than those derived from the total intensity alone. Furthermore, the transformation matrix produced during template matching may be used to calibrate observations of other point sources. Unpublished supplementary material is appended after the bibliography.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, published in ApJ, includes supplementary material that was not submitted to The Astrophysical Journal and has not been peer reviewed
Edge Current of FQHE and Aharanov-Bhom Type Phase
Creators: name: Banerjee, Dipti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When two non-identical quasi-particles in the Hall fluid encircle each other, relative AB type phase developes.As the quasi-particles advance towards the edge in a similar circular way, the developed current should have connection with this AB type phase through the {\it Shift} quantum number or Berry's topological phase. We have pointed out the role of relative AB type statistical phase in the development of edge current.In fact,the physics of the current flow in FQHE is sketched here from the topological point of phase transformation.
description: 11 pages