cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal decomposition of anisotropic constitutive models for the phase field approach to fracture
Creators: name: Ziaei-Rad, Vahid
name: Mollaali, Mostafa
name: Nagel, Thomas
name: Kolditz, Olaf
name: Yoshioka, Keita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a decomposition of constitutive relations into crack-driving and persistent portions, specifically designed for materials with anisotropic/orthotropic behavior in the phase field approach to fracture to account for the tension-compression asymmetry. This decomposition follows a variational framework, satisfying the orthogonality condition for anisotropic materials. This implies that the present model can be applied to arbitrary anisotropic elastic behavior in a three-dimensional setting. On this basis, we generalize two existing models for tension-compression asymmetry in isotropic materials, namely the volumetric-deviatoric model and the no-tension model, towards materials with anisotropic nature. Two benchmark problems, single notched tensile shear tests, are used to study the performance of the present model. The results can retain the anisotropic constitutive behavior and the tension-compression asymmetry in the crack response, and are qualitatively in accordance with the expected behavior for orthotropic materials. Furthermore, to study the direction of maximum energy dissipation, we modify the surface integral based energy release computation, $G_θ$, to account only for the crack-driving energy. The computed energies with our proposed modifications predict the fracture propagation direction correctly compared with the standard G-theta method.
Research project ''Serbian Literature 1991-2021: Identity, Trauma, Memory'', SLITaM: Secdondary Literature - Preliminary Bibliography
Creators: name: Members Of The Research Team
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Serbian literature, identity, reconfiguration, memory, trauma

description: After the bibliography of primary literature of belletristic sources which we shall use during our research, we present also the preliminary bibliography of secondary literature, i.e. list of discursive and scientific texts which will be used in our research of Serbian literature in three past decades
iron deficiency anemia and its association with overweight and obesity among adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Gosaye, Sara
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a global public health problem among school age children and adolescents, which retards psychomotor development and impairs cognitive performance. However there is limited data on the prevalence of IDA and its association with overweight and obesity among adolescents in Ethiopian context. Objective: To determine the magnitude of iron deficiency anemia and examine its association with overweight and obesity among adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A School based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 363 high school adolescents of Addis Ababa from March to April 2018. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was followed and participants were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic, economic and dietary data including 4 ml of venous blood sample was collected. The blood was used for serum iron, CRP & complete blood count analysis. Anthropometric data was also measured and entered in to WHO Anthro plus software to compute the nutritional indices. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20 software. For all statistical tests, significance level was set at p-value of <0.05. Result: The overall prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and IDA were 12.9% (95% CI: 9.6%-16.5%), 16.3% (95% CI: 12.4%-20.1%) and 7.4% (95% CI: 4.7%-9.9%) respectively. The majority 37 (78.7%) of anemic adolescents had mild anemia followed by moderate 9 (19.1%) and one severe anemia (2.1%). From the overall anemic adolescents 27 (57.3%) had iron deficiency (serum iron level of < 60μg/dl). Being overweight and obese showed an increased risk of IDA in which 15.4% of overweight or obese adolescents had IDA when compared with adolescents of normal weight (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI =1.21-17.29). Conclusion and recommendation: IDA is a mild public health problem among school adolescents of Addis Ababa which had significant association with overweight and obesity. Therefore it is essential to launch school based interventions that targets excess body weight and poor iron status.
Análisis de las pérdidas de carga en rejas de una central hidroeléctrica
Creators: name: Ottieri, José Cataldo
name: von Sanden, Nicolás Rodríguez
name: Rovira, Ignacio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: En base a un planteo teórico y al análisis de datos se constató que el coeficiente de pérdida de carga de la conducción de entrada de las turbinas de Salto Grande sería de entre 2.38 y 2.77, siendo disímil en cada vano debido a que los caudales circulantes por cada vano serían diferentes. Además, el coeficiente de pérdida de carga, determinado a partir de la medida con un transductor de presión en la embocadura, resulta en promedio 3.6 veces superior al determinado a partir de la medida en la recata. Entre las acciones que actúan en dirección normal al flujo, parece ser mayor la debida a la aceleración de Coriolis, debido a lo cual el flujo presentaría una componente en dirección paralela a la entrada hacia margen izquierda. Sobre los tabiques que separan los vanos, se produciría una separación de capa límite, debido a lo cual se produciría un bloqueo diferente en cada vano. Esto tendría como consecuencia la diferencia en los caudales por cada vano y la diferencia entre las pérdidas de carga calculadas con el transductor de presión y la determinada a partir de la medición en la recata.
Some aspects of non-parametric estimation
Creators: name: Breth, Michael.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Photonic multipartite entanglement conversion using nonlocal operations
Creators: name: Tashima, T.
name: Tame, M. S.
name: Özdemir, Ş. K.
name: Nori, F.
name: Koashi, M.
name: Weinfurter, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple setup for the conversion of multipartite entangled states in a quantum network with restricted access. The scheme uses nonlocal operations to enable the preparation of states that are inequivalent under local operations and classical communication, but most importantly does not require full access to the states. It is based on a flexible linear optical conversion gate that uses photons, which are ideally suited for distributed quantum computation and quantum communication in extended networks. In order to show the basic working principles of the gate, we focus on converting a four-qubit entangled cluster state to other locally inequivalent four-qubit states, such as the GHZ and symmetric Dicke state. We also show how the gate can be incorporated into extended graph state networks, and can be used to generate variable entanglement and quantum correlations without entanglement but nonvanishing quantum discord.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, correction of reference list, add Journal ref. and DOI
Applied Epidemiology in Queensland: An infectious theme
Creators: name: Dalmau, Meg
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis describes the projects and activities I completed to fulfil the core requirements of the Master of Philosophy, Applied Epidemiology (MAE) at the Australian National University. I undertook my MAE field placement with the Communicable Diseases Branch (CDB) at Queensland Health from February 2021 to December 2022. CDB is responsible for the surveillance, prevention, and control of communicable diseases in Queensland. My projects included an investigation into an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium across Queensland; an early assessment of compliance with the Queensland Border Restrictions Direction (No. 56); an analysis of latent tuberculosis in Queensland 2016-2020; an interrupted time series analysis of sexually transmitted infection notifications in Queensland 2015-2021; and the establishment and evaluation of a system to recommend and monitor the use of pneumococcal vaccines after a notification of invasive pneumococcal disease in Queensland. During my MAE training, I also participated in other public health activities and minor competencies of the program. From October to November 2022, I participated in the Field Epidemiology Fellowship Program operated through the Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization in Manila. All projects and additional training experiences are detailed through this thesis.
Final state interactions in semi-inclusive neutrino-nucleus scattering: Application to T2K and MINER$ν$A experiments
Creators: name: Franco-Patino, J. M.
name: González-Jiménez, R.
name: Dolan, S.
name: Barbaro, M. B.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Megias, G. D.
name: Udias, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete comparison of semi-inclusive $ν_μ$-$^{12}$C cross-section measurements by T2K and MINER$ν$A collaborations with the predictions from the SuSAv2-MEC model implemented in the neutrino-nucleus event generator GENIE and an unfactorized approach based on the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation (RDWIA). Results, that include cross sections as function of the final muon and proton kinematics and correlations between both, show that the agreement with data obtained by the RDWIA approach, that accounts for final-state interactions, matches or improves GENIE-SuSAv2 predictions for very forward angles where scaling violations are relevant.
Assessment of Face-Cleanliness and Environmental Control Components of Safe Strategy among Model and non-Model Households: a Comparative Cross-sectional Study in Selected Woreda of Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Alelign, Amlak
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: In Ethiopia SAFE strategy (2002) has been implemented in different region of the country. To adopt better practices, Improvement of the habits of face washing and environmental control among model household as well as the whole community are necessary for sustainable reduction of trachoma in Ethiopia. Therefore, the implementation practice of face washing and environmental control components of SAFE strategy among model and non-model families is important to the reduction of trachoma infection in the country. Objective: The main objective of the study was to compare face-cleanliness and environmental control components of SAFE strategy among model and non-model households in the study area. Method: Quantitative study method in the form of community based comparative cross sectional survey was employed. Multi-stage with systematic random sampling technique was used to select households. Amharic version structure interview questionnaire was pretested and used. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS-version 20.descriptive analysis was done using percentage and presented using table. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was used to detect the potential difference between the groups. Result: More models (49%) used soap to wash their face regularly compared to non-model (34%) households. The magnitude of proper face washing among model households was 36.4%, but 26.2% among the non-model group [OR, 95 % CI =0.569: (0.4, 0.81]. Model households were about three times more likely to practice face washing per day compared to non-model ones [OR, 95% CI =2.902: (2.04, 4.155)]. Eight two percent of the model households used proper solid waste container while, 64.9% in the non-model [OR, 95%CI =2.25 :( 1.75, 3.65)]. Models were about two times more likely to using functional soaking pit compared to non-model households [ OR, 95% CI =1.659 (1.22-2.234)]. Model households were four times more likely to participate in keeping the cleanness of the compound compare to the non-models [OR, 95%CI =4.455, (2.26 ,8.775)]; and also two times more likely to possess separate kitchen outside the living room [OR, 95% CI =2.26 (1.62, 2.99)]. Conclusion: Model households were better in face washing and environmental improvement components of SAFE strategy compared to the non-model households, and hence, the strategy of making model households has to be expanded to those who are non-model households. Key words: Model household, Non-model household, "F" and "E" component of SAFE strategy.
Neutron star observations of pseudoscalar-mediated dark matter
Creators: name: Coffey, John
name: McKeen, David
name: Morrissey, David E.
name: Raj, Nirmal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering interactions between dark matter and Standard Model states mediated by pseudoscalars are generically challenging to uncover at direct detection experiments due to rates suppressed by powers of the local dark matter velocity v ~ 0.001 c. However, they may be observed in the dark matter-induced heating of neutron stars, whose steep gravitational potentials prevent such suppression by accelerating infalling particles to semi-relativistic speeds. We investigate this phenomenon in the context of two specific, self-consistent scenarios for pseudoscalars coupled to dark matter, and compare the sensitivity of neutron star heating to bounds from direct searches for the mediators and dark matter. The first "lighter" scenario consists of sub-10 GeV mass dark matter mediated by an axion-like particle (ALP), while the second "heavier" scenario has dark matter above 10 GeV mediated by a dark pseudoscalar that mixes with a pseudoscalar from a two-Higgs doublet (the so-called 2HDM+a model). In both frameworks, we show that imminent measurements of neutron stars will be able to test pseudoscalar-mediated dark matter beyond the reach of direct dark matter searches as well as bounds on the mediators from flavor observables, beam dump experiments, and high-energy colliders.
description: 16 pages revtex4 + references, 7 figures
Weighted shifts and translations
Creators: name: Van der Touw, J. W.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Note on graph-based BCJ relation for Berends-Giele currents
Creators: name: Du, Yi-Jian
name: Wu, Konglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graph-based Bern-Carasso-Johansson (BCJ) relation for Berends-Giele currents in bi-adjoint scalar (BS) theory, which is characterized by connected tree graphs, was proposed in an earlier work. In this note, we provide a systematic study of this relation. We first prove the relations based on two special types of graphs: simple chains and star graphs. The general graph-based BCJ relation established by an arbitrary tree graph is further proved, through Berends-Giele recursion. When combined with proper off-shell extended numerators, this relation induces the graph-based BCJ relation for Berends-Giele currents in Yang-Mills theory. The corresponding relations for amplitudes are obtained via on-shell limits.
description: revised version
“Medicare for All”: Reformation toward Universal Affordable Care
Creators: name: Sichen, Li
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: universal health care
subject: health care policy
subject: medicare for all

description: The paper comprehensively evaluated “Medicare for All,” a national health care reform proposal in the United States. The essential aim of is to provide a universal and affordable health care as well as improve overall health outcomes for all Americans. Within the present problematic health care system, a large portion of population is either uninsured or underinsured, and as a result, they are not able to access adequate medical treatment due to disproportionate high costs. As a single-payer system, “Medicare for All” has great potential to effectively control down medical expenditures and administration costs. Concerns regarding negative impact on pharmaceutical innovation and moral hazard have been raised in opposition to “Medicare for All,” but evidence demonstrated that innovation level will remain unchanged and by strengthening gatekeeper system, moral hazard issues would be minimized.
Fermions on a Quantum Ring
Creators: name: Cesca, Joshua
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Quantum ring
Hartree-Fock
symmetry breaking
symmetry restoration
variational Monte Carlo

description: Model systems are an effective tool for testing approximate methods for solving the quantum many-body problem. This thesis used an idealised 1-D quantum ring of fermions to test rotational symmetry breaking and rotational symmetry restoration in the Hartree-Fock method when applied to Coulomb and nuclear-like systems. This was achieved by comparing the exact ground state energy, which was found using the variational Monte Carlo method, to the predicted ground state energies of the Hartree-Fock method without rotational symmetry breaking, with rotational symmetry breaking, and with rotational symmetry restored. It was found that the effectiveness of symmetry breaking in systems with repulsive interactions between particles increased with the strength of the interaction. In systems with attractive interactions, symmetry breaking significantly improved the Hartree-Fock energy but still failed to account for all of the correlation energy of the ground state. Symmetry restoration was able to account for almost all of the correlation energy in repulsive systems but typically gave little improvement to the symmetry-broken energy in attractive systems.
Harder, Johannes (Hrsg.): Christoph Blumhardt Ansprachen, Predigten, Reden, Briefe: 1865-1917
Creators: name: Jäckh, Werner
Publisher: name: Unitas Fratrum
Year: 1970

description: Unitas Fratrum, Bd. 6 (1979): Unitas Fratrum, Band 6
Assessment of Current Sexual Activity and Risky Sexual Behavior for HIV/AIDS Infection among Butajira High School Students, Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Alemu, Tadesse
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2010

description: Background: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become the current major public health problem in the developed and developing countries. The epidemic is one of the greatest challenges ever to Global well-being. Adolescents/Youths' are among the highly affected segments of the population and their sexual behavior threatens the physical, psychological and social health of this group. Despite the level of knowledge considerable proportions of youth are at risk of HIV infection. Hence, assessment of sexual behavior among this vulnerable group is essential. Objectives: To assess the current sexual activity and risky sexual behavior for HIV infection among high school adolescents. Methods: A cross- Sectional descriptive survey was carried out among high school students in Butajira town, Meskan woreda, Gurage Zone. Data was collected by pre- tested self administered questionnaire. To complement the findings, a qualitative study was also conducted. Result: A total of 422 adolecents with a response rate of 96% for the quantitative and 36 discussants for the qualitative part participated in the study. Almost close to one third (29.13%) of he students was found to be currently sexually active. Among the currently sexually active respondents, 36.44% and 10.0% admitted practicing sex with multiple sexual partners and commercial sex workers respectively. Making sexual intercourse was positively associated with sex (being male) (AOR (95% CI) = 2.68(1.49, 4.80)), pocket money (AOR (95% CI) = 2.30(1.02, 5.16)) and family income of greater than 500birr per month (AOR (95% CI) = 0.57(0.35, 0.95)). Whereas practicing sex with multiple partner was associated with alcohol drinking [AOR (95% CI) = 0.20(0.05, 0.73)], and chewing khat 4.00(1.38, 11.53)]. Conclusion and recommendation: Considerable proportion of school adolescents engage in risky sexual behavior. The finding also indicates that although they are knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS, many do not practice what they know. Therefore, urgent health education program that aimed at bringing behavioral change of adolecents should be planned and implemented
Revised Thomas-Fermi Approximation for Singular Potentials
Creators: name: Dufty, James W.
name: Trickey, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Approximations to the many-fermion free energy density functional that include the Thomas-Fermi (TF) form for the non-interacting part lead to singular densities for singular external potentials (e.g. attractive Coulomb). This limitation of the TF approximation is addressed here by a formal map of the exact Euler equation for the density onto an equivalent TF form characterized by a modified Kohn-Sham potential. It is shown to be a "regularized" version of the Kohn-Sham potential, tempered by convolution with a finite-temperature response function. The resulting density is non-singular, with the equilibrium properties obtained from the total free energy functional evaluated at this density. This new representation is formally exact. Approximate expressions for the regularized potential are given to leading order in a non-locality parameter and the limiting behavior at high and low temperatures is described. The non-interacting part of the free energy in this approximation is the usual Thomas-Fermi functional. These results generalize and extend to finite temperatures the ground-state regularization by Parr and Ghosh (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 83, 3577 (1986)) and by Pratt, Hoffman, and Harris (J. Chem. Phys. 92, 1818 (1988)) and formally systematize the finite-temperature regularization given by the latter authors.
description: Version 2 clarifies notation issue identified by reviewer. Arguments and conclusions are unchanged from version 1
Fluoroalkyl and alkly derivatives of cobalt (III) and molybdenum (IV) Schiff base complexes
Creators: name: Van den Bergen, Adrian Marie Bernard.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Anomalous Hall effects beyond Berry magnetic fields in a Weyl metal phase
Creators: name: Jang, Iksu
name: Han, Jaeho
name: Kim, Ki-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying time-varying magnetic fields to Weyl metals, a pair of Weyl points become oscillating. This oscillating monopole and anti-monopole pair gives rise to AC Berry magnetic fields, responsible for the emergence of Berry electric fields, which have not been discussed before at least in the context of Weyl metals. Introducing this novel information into Boltzmann transport theory, we find anomalous Hall effects beyond Berry magnetic fields as a fingerprint of Berry electric fields.
Topology, Vorticity and Limit Cycle in a Stabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation
Creators: name: Chen, Yong-Cong
name: Shi, Chunxiao
name: Kosterlitz, J. M.
name: Zhu, Xiaomei
name: Ao, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A noisy stabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation is analyzed by stochastic decomposition. For values of control parameter for which periodic stationary patterns exist, the dynamics can be decomposed into diffusive and transverse parts which act on a stochastic potential. The relative positions of stationary states in the stochastic global potential landscape can be obtained from the topology spanned by the low-lying eigenmodes which inter-connect them. Numerical simulations confirm the predicted landscape. The transverse component also predicts a universal class of vortex like circulations around fixed points. These drive nonlinear drifting and limit cycle motion of the underlying periodic structure in certain regions of parameter space. Our findings might be relevant in studies of other nonlinear systems such as deep learning neural networks.
description: Main body: 16 pages, 3 figures; Supplementary: 14 pages, 6 figures
Análisis de las pérdidas de carga en rejas de una central hidroeléctrica screen head losses analysis in a hydraulic plant
Creators: name: Ottieri, José Cataldo
name: von Sanden, Nicolás Rodríguez
name: Rovira, Ignacio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: En base a un planteo teórico y al análisis de datos se constató que el coeficiente de pérdida de carga de la conducción de entrada de las turbinas de Salto Grande sería de entre 2.38 y 2.77, siendo disímil en cada vano debido a que los caudales circulantes por cada vano serían diferentes. Además, el coeficiente de pérdida de carga, determinado a partir de la medida con un transductor de presión en la embocadura, resulta en promedio 3.6 veces superior al determinado a partir de la medida en la recata. Entre las acciones que actúan en dirección normal al flujo, parece ser mayor la debida a la aceleración de Coriolis, debido a lo cual el flujo presentaría una componente en dirección paralela a la entrada hacia margen izquierda. Sobre los tabiques que separan los vanos, se produciría una separación de capa límite, debido a lo cual se produciría un bloqueo diferente en cada vano. Esto tendría como consecuencia la diferencia en los caudales por cada vano y la diferencia entre las pérdidas de carga calculadas con el transductor de presión y la determinada a partir de la medición en la recata.
The social burden of podoconiosis in Wolayita zone, Southern Nation Nationality People's Region, Ethiopia
Creators: name: G/Hanna, Ewenat
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2005

description: Wollaita zone is found in the Southern Nation Nationalities People's Region. It has an estimated population of about 1.5 million out of which 92.2% lives in the rural area mainly on farming. A study was conducted in the zone on podoconiosis patients to investigate the social burden of the disease. In depth interviews were used to gain information on the social aspect of the disease. Additional quantitative data was collected on 60 families to see if there is any familial occurrence contributing to the social burden. Data analysis was performed in the field and after completion of data collection. Podoconiosis patients suffer from social burdens apart from the physical burden through out their life due to the societal values attached to the disease. Patients are stigmatized and isolated in the society. The negative attitudes towards their illness is expressed during marriage arrangements, employment, schooling and social disagreements. The disabilities of podoconiosis patients supplemented by the negative social attitude make patients less competent and productive. Podoconiosis has familial occurrence making few families targets for the stigma and discrimination found with in the society. Additionally the lack of knowledge of the cause, prevention and treatment of the disease among health professionals has added to the existing burden of the society. The course of stigma that is seen on podoconiosis patients could apply to other stigmatized diseases. Recommendation is made to raise the awareness of health professionals and the community so that the disease can be prevented as well as eradicated in Welayita and other Ethiopian societies.
Pattern formation and front stability for a moving-boundary model of biological invasion and recession
Creators: name: Tam, Alexander K. Y.
name: Simpson, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35C07, 35R37, 92D25

description: We investigate pattern formation in a two-dimensional (2D) Fisher--Stefan model, which involves solving the Fisher--KPP equation on a compactly-supported region with a moving boundary. By combining the Fisher--KPP and classical Stefan theory, the Fisher--Stefan model alleviates two limitations of the Fisher--KPP equation for biological populations. In this work, we investigate whether the 2D Fisher--Stefan model predicts pattern formation, by analysing the linear stability of planar travelling wave solutions to sinusoidal transverse perturbations. Planar fronts of the Fisher--KPP equation are linearly stable. Similarly, we demonstrate that invading planar fronts ($c > 0$) of the Fisher--Stefan model are linearly stable to perturbations of all wave numbers. However, our analysis demonstrates that receding planar fronts ($c < 0$) of the Fisher--Stefan model are linearly unstable for all wave numbers. This is analogous to unstable solutions for planar solidification in the classical Stefan problem. Introducing a surface tension regularisation stabilises receding fronts for short-wavelength perturbations, giving rise to a range of unstable modes and a most unstable wave number. We supplement linear stability analysis with level-set numerical solutions that corroborate theoretical results. Overall, front instability in the Fisher--Stefan model suggests a new mechanism for pattern formation in receding biological populations.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures
Dust polarization and ISM turbulence
Creators: name: Caldwell, Robert R.
name: Hirata, Chris
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perhaps the most intriguing result of Planck's dust-polarization measurements is the observation that the power in the E-mode polarization is twice that in the B mode, as opposed to pre-Planck expectations of roughly equal dust powers in E and B modes. Here we show how the E- and B-mode powers depend on the detailed properties of the fluctuations in the magnetized interstellar medium. These fluctuations are classified into the slow, fast, and Alfvén magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves, which are determined once the ratio of gas to magnetic-field pressures is specified. We also parametrize models in terms of the power amplitudes and power anisotropies for the three types of waves. We find that the observed EE/BB ratio (and its scale invariance) and positive TE correlation cannot be easily explained in terms of favored models for MHD turbulence. The observed power-law index for temperature/polarization fluctuations also disfavors MHD turbulence. We thus speculate that the 0.1--30 pc length scales probed by these dust-polarization measurements are not described by MHD turbulence but, rather, probe the large-scale physics that drives ISM turbulence. We develop a simple phenomenological model, based on random displacements of the magnetized fluid, that produces EE/BB $\simeq2$ and a positive TE cross-correlation. According to this model, the EE/BB and TE signals are due to longitudinal, rather than transverse, modes in the random-displacement field, providing, perhaps, some clue to the mechanism that stirs the ISM. Future investigations involving the spatial dependence of the EE/BB ratio, TE correlation, and local departures from statistical isotropy in dust-polarization maps, as well as further tests of some of the assumptions in this analysis, are outlined. This work may also aid in the improvement of foreground-separation techniques for studies of CMB polarization.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Two-scale interaction of wake and blockage effects in large wind farms
Creators: name: Kirby, Andrew
name: Nishino, Takafumi
name: Dunstan, Thomas D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbine wake and farm blockage effects may significantly impact the power produced by large wind farms. In this study, we perform Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of 50 infinitely large offshore wind farms with different turbine layouts and wind directions. The LES results are combined with the two-scale momentum theory (Nishino & Dunstan 2020, J. Fluid Mech. 894, A2) to investigate the aerodynamic performance of large but finite-sized farms as well. The power of infinitely large farms is found to be a strong function of the array density, whereas the power of large finite-sized farms depends on both the array density and turbine layout. An analytical model derived from the two-scale momentum theory predicts the impact of array density very well for all 50 farms investigated and can therefore be used as an upper limit to farm performance. We also propose a new method to quantify turbine-scale losses (due to turbine-wake interactions) and farm-scale losses (due to the reduction of farm-average wind speed). They both depend on the strength of atmospheric response to the farm, and our results suggest that, for large offshore wind farms, the farm-scale losses are typically more than twice as large as the turbine-scale losses. This is found to be due to a two-scale interaction between turbine wake and farm induction effects, explaining why the impact of turbine layout on farm power varies with the strength of atmospheric response.
description: 30 pages, 20 figures
Grand Challenges: FAIR/Open Data and Non-target Screening Approaches for Millions of Chemicals
Creators: name: Schymanski, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Grand Challenges in Environmental Chemistry - Environmental science is taking center stage As humanity asks questions about sustainability, our planet, and protecting and improving human and ecosystem health we need to ask ourselves what role do scientists play in addressing the challenges facing humanity? How can we mitigate our impact on the changing climate? How should research data be shared with other scientists, policy makers and the public, to have the greatest impact? https://access.acspubs.org/EnvironmentalGrandChallengesWebinar Join Professor Yafang Cheng and Professor Emma Schymanski to discuss new approaches to grand challenges. A live Q&A session with all attendees will be moderated by hosts Professor Xiangdong Li and Professor Ian Cousins. Registration is free, and an on demand video recording will be made available to all registrants afterward. View this webinar on demand: https://access.acspubs.org/EnvironmentalGrandChallengesOnDemand
Role of conservation laws in the Density Matrix Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Kiely, Thomas G.
name: Mueller, Erich J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore matrix product state approximations to wavefunctions which have spontaneously broken symmetries or are critical. We are motivated by the fact that symmetries, and their associated conservation laws, lead to block-sparse matrix product states. Numerical calculations which take advantage of these symmetries run faster and require less memory. However, in symmetry-broken and critical phases the block sparse ansatz yields less accurate energies. We characterize the role of conservation laws in matrix product states and determine when it is beneficial to make use of them.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
An application of statistical analysis to exploration for gold at Tennant Creek, N.T.
Creators: name: Tapp, B. A.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Planetary engulfment as a trigger for white dwarf pollution
Creators: name: Petrovich, Cristobal
name: Muñoz, Diego J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of a planetary system can shield a planetesimal disk from the secular gravitational perturbations due to distant outer massive objects (planets or stellar companions). As the host star evolves off the main sequence to become a white dwarf, these planets can be engulfed, triggering secular instabilities and leading to the tidal disruptions of small rocky bodies. These disrupted bodies can feed the white dwarfs with rocky material and possibly explain the high-metallicity material in their atmospheres. We illustrate how this mechanism can operate when the gravitational perturbations are due to the Kozai-Lidov mechanism from a stellar binary companion. We show that this mechanism can explain the observed levels of accretion if: (1) the planetary engulfment happens fast compared to the secular timescale, which is generally the case for wide binaries ($>100$ AU) and planetary engulfment during the Asymptotic Giant Branch; (2) the planetesimal disk has a total mass of $\sim10^{-4}-10^{-2}M_\oplus$. We show that this new mechanism can provide a steady supply of material throughout the entire life of the white dwarfs for all cooling ages and can account for a large fraction (up to nearly half) of the observed polluted WDs.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures. Revised version after referee's comments. Major changes include a new Figure 1 and section 4.4
Removing degeneracy and multimodality in gravitational wave source parameters
Creators: name: Roulet, Javier
name: Olsen, Seth
name: Mushkin, Jonathan
name: Islam, Tousif
name: Venumadhav, Tejaswi
name: Zackay, Barak
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasicircular binary black hole mergers are described by 15 parameters, of which gravitational wave observations can typically constrain only $\sim 10$ independent combinations to varying degree. In this work, we devise coordinates that remove correlations, and disentangle well- and poorly-measured quantities. Additionally, we identify approximate discrete symmetries in the posterior as the primary cause of multimodality, and design a method to tackle this type of multimodality. The resulting posteriors have little structure and can be sampled efficiently and robustly. We provide a Python package for parameter estimation, cogwheel, that implements these methods together with other algorithms for accelerating the inference process. One of the coordinates we introduce is a spin azimuth that is measured remarkably well in several events. We suggest this might be a sensitive indicator of orbital precession, and we anticipate that it will shed light on the occurrence of spin-orbit misalignment in nature.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, 1 table. Matches version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Assessment of Risky Sexual Behavior and Parental Communication among youth in Dilla Town, Gedeo Zone, South, Nation, Nationality and People National Region, 2012
Creators: name: Eshete, Akine
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2012

description: Background: A risky sexual behavior brings serious consequences to the health and well-being of youths. To lessen such consequences sexual communication plays a crucial role. Studies done in different countries showed that family communication on a sexual issue has been positively associated with a delay of risky sexual behaviors. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and factors associated with it among youths and youth-parent communication on sexual issues in Dilla town, Gedeo Zone, south Ethiopia, 2012. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study supplemented by qualitative method was conducted from January 5 to 25 in Dilla town. A total of 598 respondents were involved in the study. Quantitative data were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaires; and qualitative data were collected by FGDs. Data entered and analyzed using EPI INFO version 3.5.1 and SPSS version 16 respectively. A univariate and bivariate analysis was carried out and multivariate analysis was computed to identify associated factors of risky sexual behavior. The recorded FGDs of qualitative data were transcribed verbatim. Each of the terms/ cluster/ were combined in to discrete /separate/ concepts and coded. Over all interpretation was performed in relation to the study questions. Results: Nearly half, (48.3%) of sexual practice was unprotected with similar proportion of males and females (24.8% Vs 23.5%) among study subjects in last 12 months. Males were two times more likely to have multiple sexual partners than females (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.21). Furthermore, (23.9%) of sexually active youths had multiple sexual partners and (12.6%) of sexually active youths had sex with non-regular sexual partners in last 12 months. Females were nearly three times more likely had sex with non-regular partners than males (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.10, 6.51). With regard to youth-parent communication, 22.9% of youths have had discussion on sexual issues with their parents. Youths prefer the same sex from their parents as well as from their peer friends to discuss sexual matters. Conclusion: Risky sexual behavior was very common in both sexes. Youths who were substance users and who lacked parental communication were more likely to have risky sexual behavior.
Energy Correlators of Hadronically Decaying Electroweak Bosons
Creators: name: Ricci, Lorenzo
name: Riembau, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy correlators are field-theoretically clean and phenomenologically valuable probes of QCD dynamics. We explore the possibility of using the information encoded in the energy correlators of a hadronically decaying electroweak vector boson in order to extract its full decay density matrix. The kinematics of the one- and two-point energy correlators can indeed discriminate between longitudinal and transverse modes and reveal the interference pattern between different vector polarizations. Such observables improve the sensitivity to microscopic new physics affecting the production rate of the different helicities. We assess the impact on higher dimensional EFT operators in simple scenarios.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Improving the accuracy of discretisations of the vector transport equation on the lowest-order quadrilateral Raviart-Thomas finite elements
Creators: name: Bendall, Thomas M
name: Wimmer, Golo A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within finite element models of fluids, vector-valued fields such as velocity or momentum variables are commonly discretised using the Raviart-Thomas elements. However, when using the lowest-order quadrilateral Raviart-Thomas elements, standard finite element discretisations of the vector transport equation typically have a low order of spatial accuracy. This paper describes two schemes that improve the accuracy of transporting such vector-valued fields on two-dimensional curved manifolds. The first scheme that is presented reconstructs the transported field in a higher-order function space, where the transport equation is then solved. The second scheme applies a mixed finite element formulation to the vector transport equation, simultaneously solving for the transported field and its vorticity. An approach to stabilising this mixed vector-vorticity formulation is presented that uses a Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method. These schemes are then demonstrated, along with their accuracy properties, through some numerical tests. Two new test cases are used to assess the transport of vector-valued fields on curved manifolds, solving the vector transport equation in isolation. The improvement of the schemes is also shown through two standard test cases for rotating shallow-water models.
Controlling collective spontaneous emission with plasmonic waveguides
Creators: name: Li, Ying
name: Argyropoulos, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a plasmonic route to control the collective spontaneous emission of two-level quantum emitters. Superradiance and subradiance effects are observed over distances comparable to the operating wavelength inside plasmonic nanochannels. These plasmonic waveguides can provide an effective epsilon-near-zero operation in their cut-off frequency and Fabry-Perot resonances at higher frequencies. The related plasmonic resonant modes are found to efficiently enhance the constructive (superradiance) or destructive (subradiance) interference between different quantum emitters located inside the waveguides. By increasing the number of emitters located in the elongated plasmonic channel, the superradiance effect is enhanced at the epsilon-near-zero operation, leading to a strong coherent increase in the collective spontaneous emission rate. In addition, the separation distance between neighboring emitters and their emission wavelengths can be changed to dynamically control the collective emission properties of the plasmonic system. It is envisioned that the dynamic modification between quantum superradiant and subradiant modes will find applications in quantum entanglement of qubits, low-threshold nanolasers and efficient sensors.