cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Political Economy of Agricultural Trade Interventions in Africa
Creators: name: Bates, Robert H.
name: Block, Steven A.
name: Bates, Robert H.
name: Block, Steven A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: agriculture
subject: taxation
subject: political economy

description: This paper uses new data on agricultural policy interventions to examine the political economy of agricultural trade policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Historically, African governments have discriminated against agricultural producers in general (relative to producers in non-agricultural sectors), and against producers of export agriculture in particular. While more moderate in recent years, these patterns of discrimination persist. They do so even though farmers comprise a political majority. Rather than claiming the existence of a single best approach to the analysis of policy choice, we explore the impact of three factors: institutions, regional inequality, and tax revenuegeneration. We find that agricultural taxation increases with the rural population share in the absence of electoral party competition; yet, the existence of party competition turns the lobbying disadvantage of the rural majority into political advantage. We also find that privileged cash crop regions are particular targets for redistributive taxation, unless the country's president comes from that region. In addition, governments of resource-rich countries, while continuing to tax export producers, reduce their taxation of food consumers.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.
(Re)searching sculpted A/r/tography : (Re)learning subverted-knowing through aporetic praxis
Creators: name: De Cosson, Alex F.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: "(Re)searching Sculpted A/r/tography" is an invitation to walk with a sculptor who wished to understand his pedagogical and artistic practice as an artist/researcher/teacher (A/R/T) through an artsbased exploration into praxis. Through a methodology based in journaling and autoethnography, and the introduction of a new overarching methodology a/r/tography, this research shows the results of following the process of artistic praxis-in-action. It was while this dissertation was being written that a/r/tography, as a concept, was being articulated by the six researchers who helped inform this research. How would I illuminate the process of coming to artistic understanding so that readers could empathize with how an artist creates? I demonstrate this question by literally putting myself in the way of the process of writing this dissertation. Since artistic engagement is not easily explained I take the reader for a pedagogical journey utilizing writing as a metonym for building a sculpture. What is my question, and how do I find a question are themes that I explore through the process of researching my own doing. This dissertation records, through writing, my process of living an artistic inquiry. It records six months of the messiness of my thinking and lingers self-reflexively and interrogatively in the research site of my practice as researched and my research site as practiced. During the inquiry, cracks emerge that help the reader understand how this messiness leads to meaning making. The mystery of the disjunctive process is foregrounded, predicated on my belief that it is through disjuncture that learning occurs. There are two examples of extreme disjuncture floating amongst the waters of much messiness. I show that without the surrounding currents these moments would not happen. A need for a whole body/mind/spirit connection for a grounded artistic understanding is also made evident through a reading of this text. Through a process of literal, metaphorical and metonymic cutting I build a sculpture / installation out of text. This text is textu(r)al, a hybrid of text and texture, built from words and fonts. I consistently utilize five fonts which I conceive as similar to various bits of string or wire that I use to build a sculpture. These are visual connecting devices and help compose the texture of the page.
Production of B(c) mesons via fragmentation in the kT-factorization approach
Creators: name: Saleev, V. A.
name: Vasin, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the kT-factorization approach we have calculated in the fragmentation model the pT-spectra of B(c) mesons at the energies of the Tevatron and the LHC Colliders and at the large pT domain. We compare the obtained results with the existing experimental data and with the predictions obtained in the collinear parton model.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Debris cloud of India Anti-Satellite Test to Microsat-R Satellite
Creators: name: Jiang, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the motion of debris cloud produced by the anti-satellite test can help us to know the danger of these tests. This study presents the orbit status of 57 fragments observed by the CelesTrak and presented in the NORAD Two-Line Element Sets of India Anti-Satellite Test. There are 10 of these observed fragments have altitudes of the apogee larger than 1000.0km, the maximum one is 1725.7km. We also numerical calculated the number of debris, the results show that the number of debris with the diameter larger than 0.2m is 14, the number of debris with the diameter larger than 0.01m is 6587, and the number of debris with the diameter larger than 0.001m is 7.22e+5. The results of the secondary collision of the debris will produced more fragments in the space. The life time of the fragments depends on the initial orbit parameters and the sizes of the debris.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Do Trade Agreements Reduce the Volatility of Agricultural Distortions?
Creators: name: Cadot, Olivier
name: Olarreaga, Marcelo
name: Tschopp, Jeanne
name: Cadot, Olivier
name: Olarreaga, Marcelo
name: Tschopp, Jeanne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development
subject: Agricultural protection
subject: volatility
subject: credibility

description: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the extend to which trade agreements affect agricultural trade policy volatility. Using a new panel database compiled as part of the World Bank's Agricultural Distortions research project, we estimate the effect of regionalism (proxied in various ways) on the volatility of price distortions measured by the absolute value of their first differences, averaged, for each country and year, over all agricultural goods. Using an instrumental-variable approach to correct for the endogeneity of regional trade agreements, (RTAs), we find that participation in RTAs has a significantly negative effect on agricultural trade-policy volatility. We find that the WTO's agricultural agreement also contributed to reducing agricultural trade-policy volatility, in spite of the weak disciplines involved, but the effect is only weakly identified. Our results are robust to a variety of robustness checks and hold, in particular, for the Latin American sub-sample.
Additional file 2 of Sustainable and acceptable school meals through optimization analysis: an intervention study
Creators: name: Colombo, Patricia Eustachio
name: Patterson, Emma
name: Lindroos, Anna Karin
name: Parlesak, Alexandr
name: Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Nutrient constraints applied during all linear optimization procedures.
Modelling Excess Mortality in Covid-19-like Epidemics
Creators: name: Burda, Zdzislaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We develop an agent-based model to assess the cumulative number of deaths during hypothetical Covid-19-like epidemics for various non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies. We consider local and non-local modes of disease transmission. The first simulates transmission through social contacts in the vicinity of the place of residence while the second through social contacts in public places: schools, hospitals, airports, etc., where many people meet, who live in remote geographic locations. Epidemic spreading is modeled as a discrete-time stochastic process on random geometric networks. We use the Monte-Carlo method in the simulations. The~following assumptions are made. The basic reproduction number is 2.5 and the infectious period lasts approximately ten days. Infections lead to SARS in about one percent of cases, which are likely to lead to respiratory default and death, unless the patient receives an appropriate medical treatment. The~healthcare system capacity is simulated by the availability of respiratory ventilators or intensive care beds. Some parameters of the model, like mortality rates or the number of respiratory ventilators per 100000 inhabitants, are chosen to simulate the real values for the USA and Poland. In the simulations we compare `do-nothing' strategy with mitigation strategies based on social distancing and reducing social mixing. We study epidemics in the pre-vaccine era, where immunity is obtained only by infection. The model applies only to epidemics for which reinfections are rare and can be neglected. The results of the simulations show that strategies that slow the development of an epidemic too much in the early stages do not significantly reduce the overall number of deaths in the long term, but increase the duration of the epidemic. In particular, a~hybrid strategy where lockdown is held for some time and is then completely released, is inefficient.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Agriculture and the conservation of wildlife biodiversity – comparative analysis of policies in the USA and the EU (PowerPoint)
Creators: name: Nitsch, Heike
name: Manale, Andrew
name: Osterburg, Bernhard
name: Nitsch, Heike
name: Manale, Andrew
name: Osterburg, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Wildlife
subject: biodiversity
subject: agriculture
subject: cross compliance

description: Comparative analysis of U.S. and EU policies on the conservation of wildlife biodiversity.
description: Presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington, DC
Slow equivariant lump dynamics on the two sphere
Creators: name: McGlade, J. A.
name: Speight, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-energy, rotationally equivariant dynamics of n CP^1 lumps on S^2 is studied within the approximation of geodesic motion in the moduli space of static solutions. The volume and curvature properties of this moduli space are computed. By lifting the geodesic flow to the completion of an n-fold cover of the moduli space, a good understanding of nearly singular lump dynamics within this approximation is obtained.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Sustainable and acceptable school meals through optimization analysis: an intervention study
Creators: name: Colombo, Patricia Eustachio
name: Patterson, Emma
name: Lindroos, Anna Karin
name: Parlesak, Alexandr
name: Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Dishes in the four-week baseline and new menu plans, respectively. The second dish at baseline is always vegetarian while in the new menu the first dish is. The meals are served with a salad buffet, bread and butter or margarine.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence and proportion of Plasmodium spp. triple mixed infections compared with double mixed infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Manas Kotepui
name: Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
name: Milanez, Giovanni D.
name: Masangkay, Frederick R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Table S1.
Higher Order Integrability in Generalized Holonomy
Creators: name: Batrachenko, A.
name: Liu, James T.
name: Varela, Oscar
name: Wen, W. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetric backgrounds in M-theory often involve four-form flux in addition to pure geometry. In such cases, the classification of supersymmetric vacua involves the notion of generalized holonomy taking values in SL(32,R), the Clifford group for eleven-dimensional spinors. Although previous investigations of generalized holonomy have focused on the curvature \Rm_{MN}(Ω) of the generalized SL(32,R) connection Ω_M, we demonstrate that this local information is incomplete, and that satisfying the higher order integrability conditions is an essential feature of generalized holonomy. We also show that, while this result differs from the case of ordinary Riemannian holonomy, it is nevertheless compatible with the Ambrose-Singer holonomy theorem.
description: 19 pages, Latex
Detectability of ultra-compact X-ray binaries as LISA sources
Creators: name: Chen, Wen-Cong
name: Liu, Dong-Dong
name: Wang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-compact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) are low-mass X-ray binaries with ultra-short orbital periods (usually less than 1 hour) and hydrogen-poor donor stars, which are proposed to be the potential LISA sources. In this work, we firstly employ the MESA code to examine the parameter space of the progenitors of UCXBs that LISA will detect. Our simulations indicate that the initial binaries with a neutron star and a $0.4-3.3~M_{\odot}$ companion star in an orbit of initial orbital period smaller than the bifurcation period could evolve into UCXBs, some of which will emit gravitational wave signals that can be detectable by the LISA. However, the initial orbital periods of the binaries that will evolve into UCXB-LISA sources in a distance of 10 kpc are located in a very narrow range, i.e. the formation of these LISA source requires an extremely fine-tuning of initial parameter. According to the characteristic stains and the derived maximum detectable distances, four sources among eight UCXBs with the observed distances are expected to be detected by the LISA. Based on the parameter space given by the detailed binary evolution models and the rapid binary star evolution code, the birthrate of UCXBs appearing as LISA sources in the Galaxy is estimated to be $(2-2.6)\times10^{\rm -6}~\rm yr^{-1}$. Considering the contribution of UCXBs in the globular clusters, the number of UCXB-LISA sources can reach $240 - 320$. Although the formation condition is severe, the detectability of UCXBs by the LISA is still optimistic and significant because they provide an opportunity to pursue full multi-messenger investigations.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, ApJ Letters in press
Entanglement quantifiers and phase transitions
Creators: name: Cavalcanti, Daniel
name: Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.
name: Cunha, Marcelo O. Terra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By the topological argument that the identity matrix is surrounded by a set of separable states follows the result that if a system is entangled at thermal equilibrium for some temperature, then it presents a phase transition (PT) where entanglement can be viewed as the order parameter. However, analyzing different entanglement measures in the 2-qubit context, we see that different entanglement quantifiers can indicate different orders for the same PT. Examples are given for different Hamiltonians. Moving to the multipartite context we show necessary and sufficient conditions for a family of entanglement monotones to attest quantum phase transitions.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures. v2: references, text, and figures improved. v3: references added, 5 pages, 7 figures, text improved
Phase-Space Distributions of Chemical Abundances in Milky Way-type Galaxy Halos
Creators: name: Font, Andreea S.
name: Johnston, Kathryn V.
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Robertson, Brant E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] Motivated by upcoming data from astrometric and spectroscopic surveys of the Galaxy, we explore the chemical abundance properties and phase-space distributions in hierarchically-formed stellar halo simulations set in a LambdaCDM Universe. Our sample of Milky-Way type stellar halo simulations result in average metallicities that range from [Fe/H] = -1.3 to -0.9, with the most metal poor halos resulting from accretion histories that lack destructive mergers with massive (metal rich) satellites. Our stellar halo metallicities increase with stellar halo mass. The slope of the [Fe/H]-stellar mass trend mimics that of the satellite galaxies that were destroyed to build the halos, implying that the relation propagates hierarchically. All simulated halos contain a significant fraction of old stellar populations accreted more than 10 Gyr ago and in a few cases, some intermediate age populations exist. In contrast with the Milky Way, many of our simulated stellar halos contain old stellar populations which are metal rich, originating in the early accretion of massive satellites. We suggest that the (metal rich) stellar halo of M31 falls into this category, while the more metal poor halo of the Milky Way is lacking in early massive accretion events. Interestingly, our hierarchically-formed stellar halos often have non-negligible metallicity gradients in both [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe]. These gradients extend a few tens of kpc, and can be as large as 0.5 dex in [Fe/H] and 0.2 dex in [alpha/Fe]. Finally, we find that chemical abundances can act as a rough substitute for time of accretion of satellite galaxies. We propose a criterion for identifying tidal streams spatially by selecting stars with [alpha/Fe] ratios below solar.
description: submitted to ApJ. High res figures can be found at: http://www.astro.wesleyan.edu/~afont/astroph0512611.pdf
Topological edge states of a graphene zigzag nanoribbon with spontaneous edge magnetism
Creators: name: Luo, Ma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological phases of graphene with spin-orbit coupling, an exchange field, and a staggered-sublattice potential determine the properties of the edge states of the zigzag nanoribbon. In the presence of the Hubbard interaction, the spontaneous magnetization at the zigzag terminations induces sizable magnetic moments at the lattice sites in the bulk region. Thus, the exchange field and staggered-sublattice potential in the bulk region are effectively changed, which in turn change the topological phase. Within a certain parameter regime, quasi-stable excited states of the zigzag nanoribbon exist, which have a different magnetism configuration at the zigzag terminations from the ground state. The quasi-stable excited states could effectively suppress the finite size effect of the topological edge states. The investigation of the topological edge states in the presence of interaction helps the engineering of spintronic nanodevices based on realistic materials.
description: 8 figures
High resolution SPH simulations of disk formation in CDM halos; resolution tests
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Tobias
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Moore, Ben
name: Stadel, Joachim
name: Wadsley, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform N-Body/SPH simulations of disk galaxy formation inside equilibrium spherical and triaxial cuspy dark matter halos. We systematically study the disk properties and morphology as we increase the numbers of dark matter and gas particles from 10^4 to 10^6 and change the force resolution. The force resolution influences the morphological evolution of the disk quite dramatically. Unless the baryon fraction is significantly lower than the universal value, with high force resolution a gaseous bar always forms within a billion years after allowing cooling to begin. The bar interacts with the disk, transferring angular momentum and increasing its scale length. In none of the simulations does the final mass distribution of the baryons obey a single exponential profile. Indeed within a few hundred parsecs to a kiloparsec from the center the density rises much more steeply than in the rest of the disk, and this is true irrespective of the presence of the bar.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, published in the Proceedings of Science, Conference "Baryons in Dark Matter Haloes", Novigrad, Croatia, 5-9 October 2004, one figure added
A fully noncommutative Painlevé II hierarchy: Lax pair and solutions related to Fredholm determinants
Creators: name: Tarricone, Sofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Fredholm determinants of matrix convolution operators associated to matrix versions of the $n - $th Airy functions. Using the theory of integrable operators, we relate them to a fully noncommutative Painlevé II hierarchy, defined through a matrix valued version of the Lenard operators. In particular, the Riemann-Hilbert technique used to study these integrable operators allows to find a Lax pair for each member of the hierarchy. Finally, the coefficients of the Lax matrices are explicitely written in terms of these matrix valued Lenard operators and some solution of the hierarchy are written in terms of Fredholm determinants of the square of the matrix Airy convolution operators.
On bounds for some graph invariants
Creators: name: Gitler, Isidoro
name: Valencia, Carlos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C69

description: Let $G$ be a graph without isolated vertices and let $α(G)$ be its stability number and $τ(G)$ its covering number. The {\it $α_{v}$-cover} number of a graph, denoted by $α_{v}(G)$, is the maximum natural number $m$ such that every vertex of $G$ belongs to a maximal independent set with at least $m$ vertices. In the first part of this paper we prove that $α(G)\leq τ(G)[1+α(G)-α_{v}(G)]$. We also discuss some conjectures analogous to this theorem. In the second part we give a lower bound for the number of edges of a graph $G$ as a function of the stability number $α(G)$, the covering number $τ(G)$ and the number of connected components $c(G)$ of $G$. Namely, let $α$ and $τ$ be two natural numbers and let $$ Γ(α,τ)= \min{\sum_{i=1}^α\bin{z_i}{2} | z_1+...+z_α= α+τ{and} z_i \geq 0 \forall i=1,..., α}. $$ Then if $G$ is any graph, we have: $$ |E(G)| \geq α(G)-c(G)+ Γ(α(G), τ(G)). $$
description: 22 pages, 11 figures, Major changes
Symplectic group methods and the Arthurs Kelly model of measurement in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Arvind
name: Chaturvedi, S.
name: Mukunda, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the use of methods based on the real symplectic groups $Sp(2n,\mathcal{R})$ in the analysis of the Arthurs-Kelly model of proposed simultaneous measurements of position and momentum in quantum mechanics. Consistent with the fact that such measurements are in fact not possible, we show that the observable consequences of the Arthurs-Kelly interaction term are contained in the symplectic transformation law connecting the system plus apparatus variance matrices at an initial and a final time. The individual variance matrices are made up of averages and spreads or uncertainties for single hermitian observables one at a time, which are quantum mechanically well defined. The consequences of the multimode symplectic covariant Uncertainty Principle in the Arthurs-Kelly context are examined.
description: 5 pages revtex
Animal produce emission in the mid Szigetköz (Island fluve) villages (1990–2006)
Creators: name: Horvath, Eszter
name: Horvath, Eszter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Szigetkoz
subject: animal breeding
subject: animal produce
subject: agriculture co-operatives
subject: cycle effect

description: In my research I have analysed the agricultural co-operative animal breeding and animal produce characteristics of four Mid Szigetköz villages (Ásványráró, Hédervár, Darnózseli and Püski) from 1990 to 2006. I began my search with agricultural research, by examining the documents and notes pertaining to the agricultural history of the villages. According to the results of my search the Mid Szigetköz, – just like the entire Szigetköz region – had an exceptionally rich, valuable animal breeding culture, which was also rich in tradition. In the next analytical parts of my search I have analysed the indicators and natural data which characterised and determined the productivity structure of co-operatives, their animal breeding and their way of manufacturing animal produce (1990–2006). I concluded that the changes which affected the whole country the animal stock of the researched co-operatives had decreased drastically, and the range of animal produce has narrowed strongly, the result being that animal farming and breeding has become much less significant. My search has further determined that cycles and a medium-term fluctuation can be seen in the animal stock and the animal produce, which show a differing movement from the general tendencies and the changes which occurred nationwide. The results prove that besides the general economic effects, other special problems and effects specific to this unique region have prevailed as well. Therefore the analysis of the facts which effect and influence the animal breeding in the villages of the Mid Szigetköz region is particularly important.
The other in modern Japanese literature
Creators: name: Tong, Pi-Ta
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The concept of the Other plays a critical role in individual as well as national cultural identity. Each society's definition of the Other is based on its social, political, cultural, racial and spiritual paradigms. From ancient times, the concept of tasha or the Other has been an integral part of the Japanese world-view. At the outset of the Meiji period (1868), the role of the Other shifted from China to the West. During the Meiji Restoration the Japanese embraced the Western world and its modern technology, seeing it as a way to build Japan's strength. However, the inherent danger of losing their culture and traditions eventually became apparent. The Second World War and the Allied Occupation contributed to a growing resentment of the West and a rejection of many Western values. Today Japan is a nation that belongs to neither the Asian nor the Western world but rather exists in a territory somewhere in between. The complex and ambivalent attitude of the Japanese toward the West is reflected in modern Japanese literature and is the focus of this paper. The work of writers such as Mori Ogai ("The Dancing Girl" and "Under Reconstruction"), Tanizaki Jun'ichiro (The Makioka Sisters), Oe Kenzaburo ("Human beings as Sheep") and Yamada Eimi ("Bedtime Eyes") are examined for what they reveal about the values and assumptions of Japanese culture and the changing perceptions of the West as the Other. Historical events from the Meiji Restoration onward are chronicled and then interwoven with an analysis of the literature to provide insight into the conflicting forces of tradition vs. modernity, nationalism vs. individualism, rejection vs. reconciliation and pride vs. humiliation, which have contributed to Japan's complex relationship with the West.
XMM-Newton EPIC and OM Observations of Her X-1 over the 35 d Beat Period and an Anomalous Low State
Creators: name: Zane, S.
name: Ramsay, G.
name: Jimenez-Garate, M. A.
name: Herder, J. W. den
name: Still, M.
name: Boyd, P. T.
name: Hailey, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a series of XMM-Newton EPIC and OM observations of Her X-1, spread over a wide range of the 35 d precession period. We confirm that the spin modulation of the neutron star is weak or absent in the low state - in marked contrast to the main or short-on states. The strong fluorescence emission line at ~6.4 keV is detected in all observations (apart from one taken in the middle of eclipse), with higher line energy, width and normalisation during the main-on state. In addition, we report the detection of a second line near 7 keV in 10 of the 15 observations taken during the low-intensity states of the system. We discuss these observations in the context of previous observations, investigate the origin of the soft and hard X-rays and consider the emission site of the 6.4keV and 7keV emission lines.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, to be published in the proceedings of "Interacting Binaries: Accretion, Evolution and Outcomes", 4-10 July 2004, Cefalu, Sicily, Italy
Self-supervised Video Representation Learning Using Inter-intra Contrastive Framework
Creators: name: Tao, Li
name: Wang, Xueting
name: Yamasaki, Toshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a self-supervised method to learn feature representations from videos. A standard approach in traditional self-supervised methods uses positive-negative data pairs to train with contrastive learning strategy. In such a case, different modalities of the same video are treated as positives and video clips from a different video are treated as negatives. Because the spatio-temporal information is important for video representation, we extend the negative samples by introducing intra-negative samples, which are transformed from the same anchor video by breaking temporal relations in video clips. With the proposed Inter-Intra Contrastive (IIC) framework, we can train spatio-temporal convolutional networks to learn video representations. There are many flexible options in our IIC framework and we conduct experiments by using several different configurations. Evaluations are conducted on video retrieval and video recognition tasks using the learned video representation. Our proposed IIC outperforms current state-of-the-art results by a large margin, such as 16.7% and 9.5% points improvements in top-1 accuracy on UCF101 and HMDB51 datasets for video retrieval, respectively. For video recognition, improvements can also be obtained on these two benchmark datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/BestJuly/Inter-intra-video-contrastive-learning.
description: Accepted by ACMMM 2020. Our project page is at https://bestjuly.github.io/Inter-intra-video-contrastive-learning/
Sensitivity of Carbon Emission Estimates from Indirect Land-Use Change
Creators: name: Dumortier, Jerome
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Elobeid, Amani E.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Tokgoz, Simla
name: Dumortier, Jerome
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Elobeid, Amani E.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Tokgoz, Simla
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biofuel
subject: crop yield
subject: greenhouse gas emissions
subject: indirect land-use change.

description: We analyze the sensitivity of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land-use change to modifications in assumptions concerning crop area, yield, and deforestation. For this purpose, we run a modified version of the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) Agricultural Outlook Model, which was used previously to assess the impacts of energy price increases and biofuel policy changes on land conversion. To calculate the GHG implications of agricultural activity, we use GreenAgSiM, a model developed to evaluate emissions from land conversion and agricultural production. Both models are applied to scenarios that lead to higher US ethanol production. The results are contrasted with the findings of Searchinger et al., and we explain the role of model assumptions to elucidate the differences. We find that the payback period of corn ethanol’s carbon debt is sensitive to assumptions concerning land conversion and yield growth and can range from 31 to 180 years.
The comparative study of wheat growing results in Hungary and Austria
Creators: name: Karacsony, Peter
name: Markus, Richard
name: Karacsony, Peter
name: Markus, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: wheat growing
subject: Hungarian and Austrian wheat growing results
subject: competitiveness

description: Hungarian agricultural production plays a significant role in the preservation of rural areas, in its sustainable development, and in lessening the regional differences. The value of our agricultural sector is primarily provided by the combination of favourable climate, good natural makings and growth traditions. The effectiveness of our crop growing greatly depends on our most important plant cultures such as for example the results wheat growing. In our country wheat growing has a traditional importance in the plant growing branch since centuries, it is grown on most farms. The basic purpose of our analytic work was to compare the results of wheat growing based on the production results collected by us concerning wheat growing in Hungary and Austria. Based on the comparative study we can say that in Hungary wheat is grown on an area five times as large as that in the neighbouring Austria. During the course of the study we concluded that in the two countries, the Austrian production averages per area unit are 29.30 percent higher on average. The unfavourable effect of the weather in the year has caused a significant shortfall production wise. In the case of Hungarian farmers it also caused a significant loss of income from their farms. As opposed to this, Austrian farmers weren’t particularly hard hit by the production shortfall because the Austrian procurement prices are higher than Hungarian average prices. It would greatly aid the income and competitiveness situation of Hungarian farmers if they were to receive an agricultural subsidy that is on a par received by Western European farmers. In Hungary the seed planting areas of staple cereals will not decrease due to tradition, but the distribution of the seed planting areas between particular staple cereals will change, depending on the procurement price and sale options. To prevent difficulties in sales from re-occuring it will be important to raise the domestic grain use, besides keeping up intervention buying up. In our opinion, this latter option can be realized primarily with 52 the expansion of live stock, and the increase of processing/use of staple cereals for food industry and energy oriented processing/use.
Analysis of some important cost factor of poultry meat production
Creators: name: Szentirmay, Andras
name: Szentirmay, Andras
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: poultry industry
subject: cost efficiency
subject: cost structure
subject: correlation analysis
subject: vertical integration
subject: profitability

description: Cost efficiency is one of the most important influencing factors of competitiveness in poultry business because the international price competition of poultry meat products is getting tightly year by year. This study would like to open up some property of the cost structure of chicken meat production, and try to draw up some interesting analysis about the correlation of the different cost factors of poultry meat producing. The starting point of the study is the vertically integrated poultry chain where different supply chain elements working together. The analysed supply chain elements are the chicken growing (broiler growing) and the chicken slaughtering (producing fresh chicken meat products). The study analysing the cost structure of these activities and – using the sales price level of live birds and chicken meat products – also the profitability of them. From the correlation analysis of different cost factors other conclusions can be drawn up related to the cost management of chicken growing and slaughtering, which could be helpful for players operating in poultry industry.
Of Junk Food and Junk Science
Creators: name: Collins, Robert A.
name: Baker, Gregory A.
name: Collins, Robert A.
name: Baker, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: obesity
subject: junk food
subject: Granger-causality

description: The popular press has triumphantly announced that the cause of the obesity epidemic is “junk food.” After a moment’s reflection, however, it seems likely that the true causal structure of the obesity epidemic can be neither single-equation nor univariate. Therefore, while the hypothesis that “junk food” is the cause of obesity has little a priori plausibility, these articles in the popular press present a testable hypothesis that, in spite of some measurement impossibilities, is tested here. While one can always argue about p values etc., it is safe to say that the results show no evidence to indicate support for a causal link. The second section of the paper explains this result and suggests a rudimentary structural model of obesity that begins to address the issues of specification error, simultaneity, etc., that plague much of the obesity research. This model shows that because of the dynamic nature of weight status, there is no necessary reason to expect to find a statistical relation between a person’s observed weight and the amount he or she is currently eating or exercising. Therefore, studies which regress weight, obesity, or the probability of obesity on eating and exercise patterns have serious specification error. Further development of structural econometric models of obesity may lead to consistent estimates of the partial effects of exogenous variables on obesity levels. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for policy development and industry.
Jet Tomography of Quark Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Wang, Xin-Nian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental measurements of high $p_T$ hadron spectra and jet correlation at RHIC are analyzed within a parton model which incoporates initial jet production and final propagation in heavy-ion collisions. The suppresion of single hadron spectra, back-to-back correlation, their centrality dependence and azimuthal anisotropy point to a dense matter with an initial parton density about 30 times of that in a cold heavy nucleus.
description: 7 pages in RevTex, 4 figures. Invited talk at Confinement 2003-International Symposium on ``Color Confinement and Hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics", RIKEN, Japan, July 21-24, 2003 and XXIV Brazilian Meeting of Particle and Field Physics, Caxambu, Brazil, Oct. 1-3, 2003
Do Market Oriented Firms Demonstrate Clarity on Their Value Discipline? Evidence from Illinois Beef Producers
Creators: name: Micheels, Eric T.
name: Gow, Hamish R.
name: Micheels, Eric T.
name: Gow, Hamish R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: innovation
subject: market orientation
subject: organizational learning
subject: value disciplines

description: A market orientation has been shown to lead to improved firm performance in a variety of industries (Narver and Slater, 1990; Deshpande et al., 1993). In previous research, it has been argued that performance benefits are a result of a greater awareness of the sources of value the product provides to the consumer, without specifically describing how value was created. Treacy and Wiersema (1993) developed the concept of value disciplines, which are three distinctive means of value provision, namely operational excellence, customer intimacy and product leadership. More recently, Narver et al. (1998) argued that market oriented firms have a clear understanding of how they provide value to customers, but this assertion has yet to be empirically tested. A new scale was developed and tested to measure the choice and clarity of value discipline. Using a sample of 343 Illinois beef producers, results show that organizational learning, innovativeness, and extreme levels of market orientation contribute to value discipline clarity while moderate levels of market orientation have the opposite effect.
Metric of a tidally perturbed spinning black hole
Creators: name: Yunes, Nicolas
name: Gonzalez, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly construct the metric of a Kerr black hole that is tidally perturbed by the external universe in the slow-motion approximation. This approximation assumes that the external universe changes slowly relative to the rotation rate of the hole, thus allowing the parameterization of the Newman-Penrose scalar $ψ_0$ by time-dependent electric and magnetic tidal tensors. This approximation, however, does not constrain how big the spin of the background hole can be and, in principle, the perturbed metric can model rapidly spinning holes. We first generate a potential by acting with a differential operator on $ψ_0$. From this potential we arrive at the metric perturbation by use of the Chrzanowski procedure in the ingoing radiation gauge. We provide explicit analytic formulae for this metric perturbation in spherical Kerr-Schild coordinates, where the perturbation is finite at the horizon. This perturbation is parametrized by the mass and Kerr spin parameter of the background hole together with the electric and magnetic tidal tensors that describe the time evolution of the perturbation produced by the external universe. In order to take the metric accurate far away from the hole, these tidal tensors should be determined by asymptotically matching this metric to another one valid far from the hole. The tidally perturbed metric constructed here could be useful in initial data constructions to describe the metric near the horizons of a binary system of spinning holes. This perturbed metric could also be used to construct waveforms and study the absorption of mass and angular momentum by a Kerr black hole when external processes generate gravitational radiation.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures. Final PRD version, minor typos, etc corrected. v3: corrected typo in Eq. (35) and (57)
Global Supply Chain: An Executive Interview with Mary Shelman
Creators: name: Jose, H. Douglas
name: Jose, H. Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: global food supply chain
subject: food prices
subject: markets

description: Mary Shelman discusses forces driving higher food prices and some of the changes which are impacting the global food supply chain. Shelman coordinates Harvard Business School’s premier Agribusiness Seminar attended annually by more than 200 CEOs and top managers from global firms. She also organizes and teaches similar programs in Europe, Latin America and Asia. Her research focuses on the forces shaping global agribusiness. Her experience bridges academia, as an author and teacher of dozens of case studies on strategic change and challenges in global agribusiness firms, with industry experience.
Heegaard surfaces and measured laminations, I: the Waldhausen conjecture
Creators: name: Li, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50; 57N10; 57M25

description: We give a proof of the so-called generalized Waldhausen conjecture, which says that an orientable irreducible atoroidal 3-manifold has only finitely many Heegaard splittings in each genus, up to isotopy. Jaco and Rubinstein have announced a proof of this conjecture using different methods.
La Industria Habla Reflexiones en la Irracionalidad
Creators: name: Gobbee, Jose E.
name: Gobbee, Jose E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Financial Economics
subject: recesión global
subject: commodities
subject: demanda
subject: crisis financiera

description: El articulo analiza algunos componentes de la crisis financiera mundial y las implicancias para el sector agropecuario. Mientras los mercados financieros han tenido fuertes declinaciones con movimientos violentos junto a la irracionalidad de la burbuja clásica, en el sector agropecuario todavía se mantienen fundamentals positivos y sus activos duros pueden servir como destino de inversión durante esta época difícil.