cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Oscillating pulsar polar gaps
Creators: name: Luo, Q.
name: Melrose, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical model for oscillating pair creation above the pulsar polar cap is presented in which the parallel electric field is treated as a large amplitude, superluminal, electrostatic wave. An exact formalism for such wave is derived in one-dimension and applied to both the low-density regime in which the pair plasma density is much lower than the corotating charge density and the high-density regime in which the pair plasma density is much higher than the corotating charge density. In the low-density regime, which is relevant during the phase leading to a pair cascade, a parallel electric field develops resulting in rapid acceleration of particles. The rapid acceleration leads to bursts of pair production and the system switches to the oscillatory phase, corresponding to the high density regime, in which pairs oscillate with net drift motion in the direction of wave propagation. Oscillating pairs lead to a current that oscillates with large amplitude about the Goldreich-Julian current. The drift motion can be highly relativistic if the phase speed of large amplitude waves is moderately higher than the speed of light. Thus, the model predicts a relativistic outflow of pairs, a feature that is required for avoiding overheating of the pulsar polar cap and is also needed for the pulsar wind.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ground-Based Transmission Spectroscopy with VLT FORS2: Evidence for faculae and clouds in the optical spectrum of the warm Saturn WASP-110b
Creators: name: Nikolov, Nikolay
name: Maciejewski, Gracjan
name: Constantinou, Savvas
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Smalley, Barry
name: Carter, Aarynn L.
name: de Mooij, Ernst J. W.
name: Drummond, Benjamin
name: Gibson, Neale P.
name: Helling, Christiane
name: Mayne, Nathan J.
name: Mikal-Evans, Thomas
name: Sing, David K.
name: Wilson, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a ground-based optical transmission spectrum for the warm Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-110b from two transit observations made with the FOcal Reducer and Spectrograph (FORS2) on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The spectrum covers the wavelength range from 4000 to 8333Å, which is binned in 46 transit depths measured to an averaged precision of 220 parts per million (ppm) over an averaged 80Å~bin for a Vmag=12.8 star. The measured transit depths are unaffected by a dilution from a close A-type field dwarf, which was fully resolved. The overall main characteristic of the transmission spectrum is an increasing radius with wavelength and a lack of the theoretically predicted pressure-broadened sodium and potassium absorption features for a cloud-free atmosphere. We analyze archival high-resolution optical spectroscopy and find evidence for low to moderate activity of the host star, which we take into account in the atmospheric retrieval analysis. Using the AURA retrieval code, we find that the observed transmission spectrum can be best explained by a combination of unocculted stellar faculae and a cloud deck. Transmission spectra of cloud-free and hazy atmospheres are rejected at a high confidence. With a possible cloud deck at its terminator, WASP-110b joins the increasing population of irradiated hot-Jupiter exoplanets with cloudy atmospheres observed in transmission.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Mecyclothorax ambiguus
Creators: name: Larochelle
name: Larivière, Marie-Claude
name: Larochelle
name: Larivière
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Mecyclothorax
Mecyclothorax ambiguus

description: Mecyclothorax ambiguus (Erichson, 1842) – Adventive [p. 61]
  Mecyclothorax oopteroides Liebherr and Marris, 2009  – Endemic
 Mecyclothorax oopteroides Liebherr and Marris, 2009: 12. Type locality: Pitt Island, CH.
  Mecyclothorax otagoensis Liebherr and Marris, 2009  – Endemic
 Mecyclothorax otagoensis Liebherr and Marris, 2009: 15. Type locality: Upper Ida Burn, CO.
description: Published as part of Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2016, Taxonomic Supplement (2001 to 2015) to the Catalogue of New Zealand Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 1-53 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (502) on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170780
Keeping the farm business in the family: the case of farm and non-farm family businesses in the midwestern United States
Creators: name: Edobor, Edeoba W.
name: Wiatt, Renee D.
name: Marshall, Maria I.
name: Edobor, Edeoba W.
name: Wiatt, Renee D.
name: Marshall, Maria I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: succession planning
subject: transfer-readiness
subject: small and medium family businesses
subject: farm businesses

description: Succession planning is a very crucial aspect of family business continuity. The successful transition of family businesses is especially important for small and medium scale family businesses which constitute the beginning phase of most businesses. This paper explores two critical aspects of succession planning, namely the decision to keep business ownership within the family and the transfer-readiness of family businesses. This study assessed potential correlates of these two constructs using data from small and medium scale farm and non-farm businesses in Midwest US. Results from a probit estimator showed that farm businesses were more likely to be kept within the family (P<0.01). For the full sample, the number of generations involved in daily management, the readiness of the senior management to delegate control, and the owner experience were found to be good correlates of the decision to keep the business within the family. For farms, we also found some correlation between the perception of the business as being successful and the decision to keep the business in the family (P<0.1). Results from the probit and bivariate probit models showed that capital and the number of generations in management are the most consistent correlates of transfer-readiness for the full and farm samples. Finally, we found that female owners of farm businesses were less likely to be ready for business transfers than their male counterparts (P<0.01).
Photo-heating and the fate of hard photons during the reionisation of HeII by quasars
Creators: name: Bolton, James S.
name: Oh, S. Peng
name: Furlanetto, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a combination of analytic and numerical arguments to consider the impact of quasar photo-heating during HeII reionisation on the thermal evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We demonstrate that rapid (Δz< 0.1-0.2), strong (ΔT > 10^4 K) photo-heating is difficult to achieve across the entire IGM unless quasar spectra are significantly harder than implied by current observational constraints. Although filtering of intrinsic quasar radiation through dense regions in the IGM does increase the mean excess energy per HeII photo-ionisation, it also weakens the radiation intensity and lowers the photo-ionisation rate, preventing rapid heating over time intervals shorter than the local photo-ionisation timescale. Moreover, the hard photons responsible for the strongest heating are more likely to deposit their energy inside dense clumps. The abundance of such clumps is, however, uncertain and model-dependent, leading to a fairly large uncertainty in the photo-heating rates. Nevertheless, although some of the IGM may be exposed to a hardened and weakened ionising background for long periods, most of the IGM must instead be reionised by the more abundant, softer photons and with accordingly modest heating rates (ΔT < 10^4 K). The repeated ionisation of fossil quasar HeIII regions does not increase the net heating because the recombination times in these regions typically exceed the IGM cooling times and the average time lag between successive rounds of quasar activity. Detailed line-of-sight radiative transfer simulations confirm these expectations and predict a rich thermal structure in the IGM during HeII reionisation. [Abridged]
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRAS
A New Three-DOF Parallel Mechanism: Milling Machine Applications
Creators: name: Chablat, Damien
name: Wenger, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a new parallel kinematic architecture for machining applications, namely, the orthoglide. This machine features three fixed parallel linear joints which are mounted orthogonally and a mobile platform which moves in the Cartesian x-y-z space with fixed orientation. The main interest of the orthoglide is that it takes benefit from the advantages of the popular PPP serial machines (regular Cartesian workspace shape and uniform performances) as well as from the parallel kinematic arrangement of the links (less inertia and better dynamic performances), which makes the orthoglide well suited to high-speed machining applications. Possible extension of the orthoglide to 5-axis machining is also investigated.
Mecyclothorax rotundicollis
Creators: name: Larochelle
name: Larivière, Marie-Claude
name: Larochelle
name: Larivière
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Mecyclothorax
Mecyclothorax rotundicollis

description: Mecyclothorax rotundicollis (White, 1846) – Endemic [p. 62]
  Genus Meonochilus Liebherr and Marris, 2009  – Endemic
 Meonochilus Liebherr and Marris, 2009: 7. Type species: Tarastethus amplipennis Broun, 1912, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2016, Taxonomic Supplement (2001 to 2015) to the Catalogue of New Zealand Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 1-53 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (502) on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170780
The Young Cluster Population of M82 Region B
Creators: name: Smith, L. J.
name: Bastian, N.
name: Konstantopoulos, I. S.
name: Gallagher, J. S.
name: Gieles, M.
name: de Grijs, R.
name: Larsen, S. S.
name: O'Connell, R. W.
name: Westmoquette, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope of the "fossil" starburst region B in the nearby starburst galaxy M82. By comparing UBVI photometry with models, we derive ages and extinctions for 35 U-band selected star clusters. We find that the peak epoch of cluster formation occurred ~ 150 Myr ago, in contrast to earlier work that found a peak formation age of 1.1 Gyr. The difference is most likely due to our inclusion of U-band data, which are essential for accurate age determinations of young cluster populations. We further show that the previously reported turnover in the cluster luminosity function is probably due to the neglect of the effect of extended sources on the detection limit. The much younger cluster ages we derive clarifies the evolution of the M82 starburst. The M82-B age distribution now overlaps with the ages of: the nuclear starburst; clusters formed on the opposite side of the disk; and the last encounter with M81, some 220 Myr ago.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Dynamical Friction of Double Perturbers in a Gaseous Medium
Creators: name: Kim, Hyosun
name: Kim, Woong-Tae
name: Sanchez-Salcedo, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many astrophysical situations, as in the coalescence of supermassive black hole pairs at gas rich galactic nuclei, the dynamical friction experienced by an object is a combination of its own wake as well as the wakes of its companions. Using a semi-analytic approach, we investigate the composite wake due to, and the resulting drag forces on, double perturbers that are placed at the opposite sides of the orbital center and move on a circular orbit in a uniform gaseous medium. The circular orbit makes the wake of each perturber asymmetric, creating an overdense tail at the trailing side. The tail not only drags the perturber backward but it also exerts a positive torque on the companion. For equal-mass perturbers, the positive torque created by the companion wake is, on average, a fraction ~40-50% of the negative torque created by its own wake, but this fraction may be even larger for perturbers moving subsonically. This suggests that the orbital decay of a perturber in a double system, especially in the subsonic regime, can take considerably longer than in isolation. We provide the fitting formulae for the forces due to the companion wake and discuss our results in light of recent numerical simulations for mergers of binary black holes.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Clustering of Luminous Red Galaxies III: Detection of the Baryon Acoustic Peak in the 3-point Correlation Function
Creators: name: Gaztanaga, E.
name: Cabre, A.
name: Castander, F.
name: Crocce, M.
name: Fosalba, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the 3-point function ξ_3 and Q_3=ξ_3/ξ_2^2 for a spectroscopic sample of luminous red galaxies (LRG) from SDSS DR6 & DR7. We find a strong (S/N$>$6) detection of $Q_3$ on scales of 55-125 Mpc/h, with a well defined peak around 105 Mpc/h in all ξ_2, ξ_3 and Q_3, in excellent agreement with the predicted shape and location of the imprint of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). We use very large simulations to asses and test the significance of our measurement. Models without the BAO peak are ruled out by the $Q_3$ data with 99% confidence. Our measurements show the expected shape for Q_3 as a function of the triangular configuration. This provides a first direct measurement of the non-linear mode coupling coefficients of density and velocity fluctuations which, on these large scales, are independent of cosmic time, the amplitude of fluctuations or cosmological parameters. The location of the BAO peak in the data indicates Ω_m =0.28 \pm 0.05 and Ω_B=0.079 \pm 0.025 (h=0.70) after marginalization over spectral index (n_s=0.8-1.2) linear b_1 and quadratic c_2 bias,which are found to be in the range: b_1=1.7-2.2 and c_2=0.75-3.55. The data allows a hierarchical contribution from primordial non-Gaussianities in the range Q_3=0.55-3.35. These constraints are independent and complementary to the ones that can be obtained using the 2-point function, which are presented in a separate paper. This is the first detection of the shape of $Q_3$ on BAO scales, but our errors are shot-noise dominated and the SDSS volume is still relatively small, so there is ample room for future improvement in this type of measurements.
description: New figure checking to different systematic effects and to DR7 data
Nonsupersymmetric Brane/Antibrane Configurations in Type IIA and M Theory
Creators: name: Marsano, Joseph
name: Papadodimas, Kyriakos
name: Shigemori, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study metastable nonsupersymmetric configurations in type IIA string theory, obtained by suspending D4-branes and anti-D4-branes between holomorphically curved NS5's, which are related to those of hep-th/0610249 by T-duality. When the numbers of branes and antibranes are the same, we are able to obtain an exact M theory lift which can be used to reliably describe the vacuum configuration as a curved NS5 with dissolved RR flux for g_s<<1 and as a curved M5 for g_s>>1. When our weakly coupled description is reliable, it is related by T-duality to the deformed IIB geometry with flux of hep-th/0610249 with moduli exactly minimizing the potential derived therein using special geometry. Moreover, we can use a direct analysis of the action to argue that this agreement must also hold for the more general brane/antibrane configurations of hep-th/0610249. On the other hand, when our strongly coupled description is reliable, the M5 wraps a nonholomorphic minimal area curve that can exhibit quite different properties, suggesting that the residual structure remaining after spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry at tree level can be further broken by the effects of string interactions. Finally, we discuss the boundary condition issues raised in hep-th/0608157 for nonsupersymmetric IIA configurations, their implications for our setup, and their realization on the type IIB side.
description: 84 pages (57 pages + 4 appendices), 18 figures
Scaling Relations from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Chandra X-ray measurements of high-redshift galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Bonamente, Massimiliano
name: Joy, Marshall
name: LaRoque, Samuel
name: Carlstrom, John
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Marrone, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) scaling relations for 38 massive galaxy clusters at redshifts 0.14
description: ApJ in press
CrossRoI: Cross-camera Region of Interest Optimization for Efficient Real Time Video Analytics at Scale
Creators: name: Guo, Hongpeng
name: Yao, Shuochao
name: Yang, Zhe
name: Zhou, Qian
name: Nahrstedt, Klara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video cameras are pervasively deployed in city scale for public good or community safety (i.e. traffic monitoring or suspected person tracking). However, analyzing large scale video feeds in real time is data intensive and poses severe challenges to network and computation systems today. We present CrossRoI, a resource-efficient system that enables real time video analytics at scale via harnessing the videos content associations and redundancy across a fleet of cameras. CrossRoI exploits the intrinsic physical correlations of cross-camera viewing fields to drastically reduce the communication and computation costs. CrossRoI removes the repentant appearances of same objects in multiple cameras without harming comprehensive coverage of the scene. CrossRoI operates in two phases - an offline phase to establish cross-camera correlations, and an efficient online phase for real time video inference. Experiments on real-world video feeds show that CrossRoI achieves 42% - 65% reduction for network overhead and 25% - 34% reduction for response delay in real time video analytics applications with more than 99% query accuracy, when compared to baseline methods. If integrated with SotA frame filtering systems, the performance gains of CrossRoI reach 50% - 80% (network overhead) and 33% - 61% (end-to-end delay).
description: accepted in 12th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMsys 21')
Professionalisierung im Längsschnitt beforschen? – Empirische Befunde und methodologische Überlegungen aus praxeologischer Forschungsperspektive
Creators: name: Wittek, Doris
name: Hericks, Uwe
name: Rauschenberg, Anna
name: Sotzek, Julia
name: Keller-Schneider, Manuela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Berufsbiografie
Lehrperson
Berufseinstieg
Berufsbiografieforschung
Professionsforschung
Professionalisierung

description: Dieser Beitrag handelt von einer Längsschnittstudie zum Berufseinstieg von Lehrpersonen. Im Anschluss an eine berufsbiographische Professionsforschung untersuchen die Autorinnen in der habituellen Bearbeitung beruflicher Anforderungsnormen der Berufseinsteiger*innen sich wandelnde bzw. sich stabilisierende Prozesse. Ein Erkenntnisinteresse liegt dabei auch darauf, wie sich die berufsbezogenen Erwartungen des Feldes darstellen. Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse werden einerseits bisherige Deutungen (z.B. der kollektive Praxisschock im Berufseinstieg) zurückgewiesen und andererseits Bestimmungen, die sich aus dem Spannungsverhältnis von habituellen Orientierungen und normativen Anforderungslogiken ergeben, abgeleitet.
description: +repphzhbib2020A
Habitability and Biosignatures of Hycean Worlds
Creators: name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Piette, Anjali A. A.
name: Constantinou, Savvas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a new class of habitable planets composed of water-rich interiors with massive oceans underlying H2-rich atmospheres, referred to here as Hycean worlds. With densities between those of rocky super-Earths and more extended mini-Neptunes, Hycean planets can be optimal candidates in the search for exoplanetary habitability and may be abundant in the exoplanet population. We investigate the bulk properties (masses, radii, and temperatures), potential for habitability, and observable biosignatures of Hycean planets. We show that Hycean planets can be significantly larger compared to previous considerations for habitable planets, with radii as large as 2.6 Earth radii (2.3 Earth radii) for a mass of 10 Earth masses (5 Earth masses). We construct the Hycean habitable zone (HZ), considering stellar hosts from late M to sun-like stars, and find it to be significantly wider than the terrestrial-like HZ. While the inner boundary of the Hycean HZ corresponds to equilibrium temperatures as high as ~500 K for late M dwarfs, the outer boundary is unrestricted to arbitrarily large orbital separations. Our investigations include tidally locked `Dark Hycean' worlds that permit habitable conditions only on their permanent nightsides and `Cold Hycean' worlds that see negligible irradiation. Finally, we investigate the observability of possible biosignatures in Hycean atmospheres. We find that a number of trace terrestrial biomarkers which may be expected to be present in Hycean atmospheres would be readily detectable using modest observing time with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We identify a sizable sample of nearby potential Hycean planets that can be ideal targets for such observations in search of exoplanetary biosignatures.
description: Published in The Astrophysical Journal
Rouquier blocks of the cyclotomic Ariki-Koike algebras
Creators: name: Chlouveraki, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C08

description: The definition of Rouquier for the families of characters of Weyl groups in terms of blocks of the associated Iwahori-Hecke algebra has made possible the generalization of this notion to the complex reflection groups. Here we give an algorithm for the determination of the "Rouquier blocks" of the cyclotomic Ariki-Koike algebras.
description: 30 pages, 1 reference added, some misprints corrected, improved statement of proposition 3.15
Selenochilus oculator
Creators: name: Larochelle
name: Larivière, Marie-Claude
name: Larochelle
name: Larivière
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Selenochilus
Selenochilus oculator

description: Selenochilus oculator (Broun, 1893) – Endemic [p. 63]
  Selenochilus omalleyi Larochelle and Larivière, 2013  – Endemic
 Selenochilus omalleyi Larochelle and Larivière, 2013: 47. Type locality: Kaweka Forest Park, Kaweka Flats Track, HB.
description: Published as part of Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2016, Taxonomic Supplement (2001 to 2015) to the Catalogue of New Zealand Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 1-53 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (502) on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170780
Time-resolved dual-comb spectroscopy with a single electro-optic modulator
Creators: name: Huh, Jeong Hyun
name: Chen, Zaijun
name: Vicentini, Edoardo
name: Hänsch, Theodor W.
name: Picqué, Nathalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-resolved near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of single non-repeatable transient events is performed at high spectral resolution with a dual-comb interferometer using a continuous-wave laser followed by a single electro-optic amplitude modulator. By sharing high-speed electrical/optical components, our spectrometer greatly simplifies the implementation of dual-comb spectroscopy and it offers a high mutual coherence time, measured up to 50-s, without any active stabilization system and/or data processing. The time resolution, which can be reconfigured a posteriori, is as short 100 microseconds in our experimental demonstration. For a span of 36 GHz, the mean signal-to-noise ratio of 80, at 100-MHz spectral resolution and 100-microsecond measurement time, enables the precise determination of the parameters of rovibrational lines, including intensity or concentration.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Higher-Order Concurrency for Microcontrollers
Creators: name: Sarkar, Abhiroop
name: Krook, Robert
name: Svensson, Bo Joel
name: Sheeran, Mary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Programming microcontrollers involves low-level interfacing with hardware and peripherals that are concurrent and reactive. Such programs are typically written in a mixture of C and assembly using concurrent language extensions (like $\texttt{FreeRTOS tasks}$ and $\texttt{semaphores}$), resulting in unsafe, callback-driven, error-prone and difficult-to-maintain code. We address this challenge by introducing $\texttt{SenseVM}$ - a bytecode-interpreted virtual machine that provides a message-passing based $\textit{higher-order concurrency}$ model, originally introduced by Reppy, for microcontroller programming. This model treats synchronous operations as first-class values (called $\texttt{Events}$) akin to the treatment of first-class functions in functional languages. This primarily allows the programmer to compose and tailor their own concurrency abstractions and, additionally, abstracts away unsafe memory operations, common in shared-memory concurrency models, thereby making microcontroller programs safer, composable and easier-to-maintain. Our VM is made portable via a low-level $\textit{bridge}$ interface, built atop the embedded OS - Zephyr. The bridge is implemented by all drivers and designed such that programming in response to a software message or a hardware interrupt remains uniform and indistinguishable. In this paper we demonstrate the features of our VM through an example, written in a Caml-like functional language, running on the $\texttt{nRF52840}$ and $\texttt{STM32F4}$ microcontrollers.
Linking smallholder producers to high-value markets through vegetable producer cooperatives in Cambodia
Creators: name: Tray, Bunthan
name: Garnevska, Elena
name: Shadbolt, Nicola
name: Tray, Bunthan
name: Garnevska, Elena
name: Shadbolt, Nicola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: producer cooperatives
subject: smallholder farmers
subject: vegetables
subject: high-value markets
subject: Cambodia

description: Modern retail markets have grown in Cambodia, but vegetable growers are unlikely to gain benefits from these high value markets (HVMs). Producer cooperatives (PCs) could play a critical role in linking smallholder farmers to HVMs. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to examine the role of PCs in linking vegetable producers to HVMs; and (2) analyse the factors affecting successful participation in HVMs. This study applied a mixed methods approach to PCs selling the members’ vegetables to HVMs (PC-HVMs), and PCs selling members’ vegetables to traditional markets (TMs) only (PC-TMs). Both groups of PCs provided services to their members (e.g. input, financial, extension services). However, the content and quality of these services were different. PC-TMs emphasised only on support linked to production, while PC-HVMs focused on both production and marketing support. This study indicated that vegetable farming experience, total vegetable produce, and average vegetable prices had a statistically significant influence on producers’ participation in HVMs. However, vegetable farm size showed a negatively significant effect on participation in HVMs. As one of the very few empirical studies on PCs in Cambodia the research provides valuable context for further studies. It has developed and tested a framework for analysing the factors affecting successful participation in HVMs and provides an explanation of why some PCs can successfully participate in HVMs.
Non-linear evolution of f(R) cosmologies I: methodology
Creators: name: Oyaizu, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the method and the implementation of a cosmological simulation of a class of metric-variation f(R) models that accelerate the cosmological expansion without a cosmological constant and evade solar-system bounds of small-field deviations to general relativity. Such simulations are shown to reduce to solving a non-linear Poisson equation for the scalar degree of freedom introduced by the f(R) modifications. We detail the method to efficiently solve the non-linear Poisson equation by using a Newton-Gauss-Seidel relaxation scheme coupled with multigrid method to accelerate the convergence. The simulations are shown to satisfy tests comparing the simulated outcome to analytical solutions for simple situations, and the dynamics of the simulations are tested with orbital and Zeldovich collapse tests. Finally, we present several static and dynamical simulations using realistic cosmological parameters to highlight the differences between standard physics and f(R) physics. In general, we find that the f(R) modifications result in stronger gravitational attraction that enhances the dark matter power spectrum by ~20% for large but observationally allowed f(R) modifications. More detailed study of the non-linear f(R) effects on the power spectrum are presented in a companion paper.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Actors must be unambiguous: An ERP study on the interaction of actorhood and animacy cues
Creators: name: Muralikrishnan, R.
name: Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: EEG
Auditory ERP study
Tamil
Animacy

description: Muralikrishnan & Bornkessel-Schlesewsky (2017). Poster presented at the 30th CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing at Massachussets Institute of Technology, Boston, USA.
Direct photons as probes of low mass strings at the LHC
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Goldberg, Haim
name: Nawata, Satoshi
name: Taylor, Tomasz R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LHC program will include the identification of events with single prompt high-k_\perp photons as probes of new physics. We show that this channel is uniquely suited to search for experimental evidence of TeV-scale open string theory. At the parton level, we analyze single photon production in gluon fusion, gg \to γg, with open string states propagating in intermediate channels. If the photon mixes with the gauge boson of the baryon number, which is a common feature of D-brane quivers, the amplitude appears already at the string disk level. It is completely determined by the mixing parameter (which is actually determined in the minimal theory) -- and it is otherwise model-(compactification-) independent. We discuss the string signal cross sections as well as the QCD background. The present analysis takes into account the recently obtained decay widths of first Regge recurrences, which are necessary for more precise determination of these cross sections in the resonant region. A vital part of the background discussion concerns the minimization of misidentified π^0's emerging from high-p_\perp jets. We show that even for relatively small mixing, 100 fb^-1 of LHC data could probe deviations from standard model physics associated with TeV-scale strings at a 5σsignificance, for M_{\rm string} as large as 2.3 TeV. It is also likely that resonant bumps could be observed with approximately the same signal-to-noise ratio.
description: Updated to match the published version
Maoritrechus rangitotoensis Brookes 1932
Creators: name: Larochelle
name: Larivière, Marie-Claude
name: Larochelle
name: Larivière
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Maoritrechus
Maoritrechus rangitotoensis

description: Maoritrechus rangitotoensis Brookes, 1932 – Endemic [p. 70]
  Maoritrechus stewartensis Townsend, 2010  – Endemic
 Maoritrechus stewartensis Townsend, 2010: 23. Type locality: Paterson Inlet, Tommy Island, SI.
  Genus Oarotrechus Townsend, 2010  – Endemic
 Oarotrechus Townsend, 2010: 25. Type species: Oarotrechus gracilentus Townsend, 2010, by monotypy.
  Oarotrechus gracilentus Townsend, 2010  – Endemic
 Oarotrechus gracilentus Townsend, 2010: 26. Type locality: Oaro Beach, KA.
description: Published as part of Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2016, Taxonomic Supplement (2001 to 2015) to the Catalogue of New Zealand Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 1-53 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (502) on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170780
A Simple Reactive-Flow Model for Corner-Turning in Insensitive High Explosives, Including Failure and Dead Zones. I. The Model
Creators: name: Williams, Peter Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I report on a novel simple reactive-flow model that captures corner-turning behaviour, including failure and the creation of dead zones, in insensitive solid heterogeneous high explosives. The model is fast, has a minimum of free parameters, and is physically grounded in the underlying initiation and burn phenomena. The focus of the model is explosives based on triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), although the model is quite general. I initially developed the model and integrated it into a branch of a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) code concurrently with other modelling efforts of mine, but I subsequently adopted it to study corner-turning behavior in the TATB-based high explosive PBX 9502 when two other available models suggested to me proved inadequate, being either prohibitively computationally expensive or numerically unstable. An early version of the model reproduces corner-turning behavior in two different double-cylinder tests and a mushroom-type corner turning test. The model was informed and influenced by other reactive-flow models applicable to shock initiation or corner-turning, most especially including JWL++ Tarantula 2011 and an in-house piecewise-linear CHEETAH-based model that exhibits corner-turning behaviour, but also, to a degree, by Ignition & Growth (I&G), CREST, and the Statistical Hot-Spot Model. The model also shares some similarities to SURF models. In this paper, I describe the model and its theoretical development as I originally conceived it, as well as subsequent improvements.
description: color version of published paper
Scototrechus orcinus Britton 1962
Creators: name: Larochelle
name: Larivière, Marie-Claude
name: Larochelle
name: Larivière
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Scototrechus
Scototrechus orcinus

description: Scototrechus orcinus Britton, 1962 – Endemic [p. 72]
  Genus Waiputrechus Townsend, 2010  – Endemic
 Waiputrechus Townsend, 2010: 27. Type species: Waiputrechus cavernicola Townsend, 2010, by monotypy.
  Waiputrechus cavernicola Townsend, 2010  – Endemic
 Waiputrechus cavernicola Townsend, 2010: 27. Type locality: Waipu, Mert’s Muddle Cave, ND.
description: Published as part of Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2016, Taxonomic Supplement (2001 to 2015) to the Catalogue of New Zealand Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 1-53 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (502) on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170780
A topological approach for emerging D-branes and its implications for gravity
Creators: name: Pincak, Richard
name: Pigazzini, Alexander
name: Jafari, Saeid
name: Özel, Cenap
name: DeBenedictis, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new geometric/topological approach to the emerging braneworld scenario in the context of D-branes using partially negative dimensional product (PNDP) manifolds. The working hypothesis is based on the fact that the orientability of PNDP manifolds can be arbitrary, and starting from this, we propose that gravitational interaction can derive naturally from the non-orientability. According to this hypothesis, we show that topological defects can emerge from non-orientability and they can be identified as gravitational interaction at macroscopic level. In other words, the orientability of fundamental PNDPs can be related to the appearance of curvature at low energy scales.
description: 11 pages. Version 2 has minor changes to match version accepted for publication in Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys
Electrically-charged black holes and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism
Creators: name: Komissarov, Serguei S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was claimed that accretion of electric charge by a black hole rotating in an aligned external magnetic field results in a "dead" vacuum magnetosphere, where the electric field is totally screened, no vacuum breakdown is possible, and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism cannot operate King & Pringle (2021). Here we study in details the properties of the Wald(1974) solution for electrically charged black holes discussed in that paper. Our results show that the claim is erroneous as in the solution with the critical charge $q_0=2aB_0$ there exists a drop of electrostatic potential along all magnetic field lines except the one coinciding with the symmetry axis. It is also found that while uncharged rotating black holes expel external vacuum magnetic field from their event horizon (the Meissner effect), electric charging of black holes pulls the magnetic field lines back on it, resembling what has been observed in some previous force-free, RMHD and PIC simulations of black hole magnetospheres. This suggests that accretion of electric charge may indeed be a feature of the black hole electrodynamics. However, our analysis shows that the value $q_0$ of the BH charge given by Wald is likely to be only an upper limit, and that the actual value depends of the details of the magnetospheric physics.
description: to be submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
What links neuroscience to agricultural economics? A review of neuroscientific methods literature in agricultural economic research and marketing
Creators: name: Schukat, Sirkka
name: Diekmann, Marie
name: Heise, Heinke
name: Schukat, Sirkka
name: Diekmann, Marie
name: Heise, Heinke
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: neuroeconomics
subject: consumer neuroscience
subject: neuromarketing
subject: consumer research
subject: agro-economic research

description: Research into consumer behavior is confronted with a multitude of challenges and special features. These become apparent in economic decision-making situations in which actual behavior deviates massively from rational explanatory models, such as the model of homo economicus, or when discrepancies are observed between statements made by individuals and their actions. As a common intersection between the economic and the neurosciences, neuroeconomics investigates human decision-making behavior from a neuroscientific perspective. The focus is particularly on explaining these antagonisms of human behavior and deriving motives. With the help of this potentially expandable knowledge, it is possible to subtly influence individual purchasing decisions at the neural level and to predict consumer behavior at the market level. In agricultural economics, for example in the field of food marketing, neuroeconomics could contribute to more reflective purchasing decisions and thus counteract global health challenges such as obesity. To date, no research has been conducted into the extent to which neuroeconomics has already been applied in agricultural scientific research. The objectives of the article are to provide an aggregated basic knowledge in the field of neuroeconomics, taking into account the applied methods as well as a literary overview of previous research in the context of agricultural economics. The article addresses all those interested in getting an overview of what neuroeconomics entails and how it is already being applied in agricultural research without any prior neuroscience background.
Parton energy loss in an expanding quark-gluon plasma: Radiative vs collisional
Creators: name: Zakharov, B. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a comparison of the radiative and collisional parton energy losses in an expanding quark-gluon plasma. The radiative energy loss is calculated within the light-cone path integral approach. The collisional energy loss is calculated using the Bjorken method with an accurate treatment of the binary collision kinematics. Our numerical results demonstrate that for RHIC and LHC conditions the collisional energy loss is relatively small in comparison to the radiative one. We find an enhancement of the heavy quark radiative energy loss as compared to that of the light quarks at high energies.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Understanding the Components of U.S. Food Expenditures During Recessionary and Non-Recessionary Periods
Creators: name: Zeballos, Eliana
name: Sinclair, Wilson
name: Park, Timothy
name: Zeballos, Eliana
name: Sinclair, Wilson
name: Park, Timothy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Public Economics

description: According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service’s Food Expenditure Series, total spending on food and beverages in the United States reached $1.8 trillion in 2019. While real per capita total food expenditures steadily increased through the decades, the share of expenditures at food-at-home (FAH) establishments decreased from 1997 until 2019 and then increased abruptly in 2020. To better understand changes in food spending and its composition during 1997–2020, this study utilizes a structural decomposition analysis. The analysis compares: the roles of variations in aggregate income, propensity to spend versus to save, propensity to spend on food versus non-food, and substitution between FAH and food away from home (FAFH) during non-recessionary periods. These periods include the Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009) and the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Recession (February to April 2020).
Dynamical Mass of the Substellar Benchmark Binary HD 130948BC
Creators: name: Dupuy, Trent J.
name: Liu, Michael C.
name: Ireland, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We present Keck, HST, and Gemini-North observations of the L4+L4 binary HD 130948BC which together span ~70% of the binary's orbital period. We determine a total dynamical mass of 0.109+/-0.002 Msun (114+/-2 Mjup). The flux ratio is near unity, so both components are unambiguously substellar for any plausible mass ratio. An independent constraint on the age of the system is available from the G2V primary HD 130948A. The available indicators suggest an age comparable to the Hyades, with the most precise age being 0.79 Gyr based on gyrochronology. Therefore, HD 130948BC is now a unique benchmark among field L and T dwarfs, with a well-determined mass, luminosity, and age. We find that substellar theoretical models disagree with our observations. Both components of HD 130948BC appear to be overluminous by a factor of ~2-3x compared to evolutionary models. The age of the system would have to be notably younger than the gyro age to ameliorate the luminosity disagreement. However, regardless of the adopted age, evolutionary and atmospheric models give inconsistent results, indicating systematic errors in at least one class of models, possibly both. The masses of HD 130948BC happen to be very near the theoretical mass limit for lithium burning, and thus measuring the differential lithium depletion between B and C will provide a uniquely discriminating test of theoretical models. The potential underestimate of luminosities by evolutionary models would have wide-ranging implications; therefore, a more refined age estimate for HD 130948A is critically needed.
description: ApJ, accepted. Note that astro-ph posting date coincides with the periastron passage for this binary
Oopterus nigritulus Broun 1908
Creators: name: Larochelle
name: Larivière, Marie-Claude
name: Larochelle
name: Larivière
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Oopterus
Oopterus nigritulus

description: Oopterus nigritulus Broun, 1908 – Endemic [p. 75]
  Oopterus ocularius (Broun, 1917)  – Endemic [p. 79, as Zolus ocularius] Oopterus ocularius: Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 45.
  Oopterus pallidipes Broun, 1893  – Endemic [p. 75]
description: Published as part of Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2016, Taxonomic Supplement (2001 to 2015) to the Catalogue of New Zealand Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 1-53 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (502) on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170780