cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inches, Centimeters, and Yards: Overlooked Definition Choices Inhibit Interpretation of Morphine Equivalence
Creators: name: Wang, Yanning
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Bae, Jungjun
name: Kinlaw, Alan
name: Chidgey, Brooke
name: Delcher, Chris
name: Cooper, Toska
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Objective: Morphine-standardized doses are used in clinical practice and research to account for molecular potency. Ninety milligrams of morphine equivalents (MME) per day are considered a "high dose" risk threshold in guidelines, laws, and by payers. Although ubiquitously cited, the "CDC definition" of daily MME lacks a clearly defined denominator. Our objective was to assess denominator-dependency on "high dose" classification across competing definitions.

Methods: To identify definitional variants, we reviewed literature and electronic prescribing tools, yielding 4 unique definitions. Using Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs data (July to September 2018), we conducted a population-based cohort study of 3,916,461 patients receiving outpatient opioid analgesics in California (CA) and Florida (FL). The binary outcome was whether patients were deemed "high dose" (>90 MME/d) compared across 4 definitions. We calculated I2 for heterogeneity attributable to the definition.

Results: Among 9,436,640 prescriptions, 42% overlapped, which led denominator definitions to impact daily MME values. Across definitions, average daily MME varied 3-fold (range: 17 to 52 [CA] and 23 to 65 mg [FL]). Across definitions, prevalence of "high dose" individuals ranged 5.9% to 14.2% (FL) and 3.5% to 10.3% (CA). Definitional variation alone would impact a hypothetical surveillance study trying to establish how much more "high dose" prescribing was present in FL than CA: from 39% to 84% more. Meta-analyses revealed strong heterogeneity (I2 range: 86% to 99%). In sensitivity analysis, including unit interval 90.0 to 90.9 increased "high dose" population fraction by 15%.

Discussion: While 90 MME may have cautionary mnemonic benefits, without harmonization of calculation, its utility is limited. Comparison between studies using daily MME requires explicit attention to definitional variation.
Building a Parallel Corpus and Training Translation Models Between Luganda and English
Creators: name: Kimera, Richard
name: Rim, Daniela N.
name: Choi, Heeyoul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved great successes with large datasets, so NMT is more premised on high-resource languages. This continuously underpins the low resource languages such as Luganda due to the lack of high-quality parallel corpora, so even 'Google translate' does not serve Luganda at the time of this writing. In this paper, we build a parallel corpus with 41,070 pairwise sentences for Luganda and English which is based on three different open-sourced corpora. Then, we train NMT models with hyper-parameter search on the dataset. Experiments gave us a BLEU score of 21.28 from Luganda to English and 17.47 from English to Luganda. Some translation examples show high quality of the translation. We believe that our model is the first Luganda-English NMT model. The bilingual dataset we built will be available to the public.
Logopädische Angehörigenarbeit bei schlaganfallbedingten, postakuten Aphasien. Eine retrospektive Befragung zur Umsetzung der Prämissen der Angehörigenarbeit an deutschschweizer Rehakliniken
Creators: name: Baumgartner, Noemi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Logopädie
Aphasie
Schlaganfall
Bachelorarbeit

description: In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wurde im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Befragung die logopädische Angehörigenarbeit bei schlaganfallbedingten, postakuten Aphasien an ambulanten und stationären Rehakliniken der Deutschschweiz untersucht. Mittels Online-Fragebogen wurde der Frage nachgegangen, wie die logopädische Angehörigenarbeit in der Praxis umgesetzt wurde und welche Optimierungsmöglichkeiten von den Fachkräften als wichtig erachtet werden. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte durch qualitative Inhaltsanalysen sowie anhand deskriptiver Statistiken.
 Die Ergebnisse der Befragung zeigen auf, dass die Prämissen der logopädischen Angehörigenarbeit mit der Umsetzung in der Praxis mehrheitlich einhergehen, die Schwerpunkte von den Fachkräften aber unterschiedlich gesetzt werden. Zur Optimierung der Angehörigenarbeit wurde die Wichtigkeit einer besseren interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit hervorgehoben.
A simple metal-insulator criterion for the doped Mott-Hubbard materials
Creators: name: Gavrichkov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derived a simple metal-insulator criterion in analytical form for the doped Mott-Hubbard materials. Its readings closely related to the orbital and spin nature of the ground states of the unit cell. The available criterion readings (metal or insulator) in the paramagnetic phase points to the possibility of the insulator state of doped materials with the forbidden first removal electron states. According to its physical meaning the result is similar to Wilsons criterion in the itinerant electron systems. An application of the criterion to the high-Tc cuprates discussed.
Searching for Planets in Holey Debris Disks with the Apodizing Phase Plate
Creators: name: Meshkat, Tiffany
name: Bailey, Vanessa P.
name: Su, Kate Y. L.
name: Kenworthy, Matthew A.
name: Mamajek, Eric E.
name: Hinz, Philip M.
name: Smith, Paul S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our first results from a high-contrast imaging search for planetary mass companions around stars with gapped debris disks, as inferred from the stars' bright infrared excesses. For the six considered stars, we model the disks' unresolved infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in order to derive the temperature and location of the disk components. With VLT/NaCo Apodizing Phase Plate coronagraphic L'-band imaging, we search for planetary mass companions that may be sculpting the disks. We detect neither disks nor companions in this sample, confirmed by comparing plausible point sources with archival data. In order to calculate our mass sensitivity limit, we revisit the stellar age estimates. One target, HD 17848, at 540$\pm$100 Myr old is significantly older than previously estimated. We then discuss our high-contrast imaging results with respect to the disk properties.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 10 pages, 3 figures
Machine Learning Can Unlock Insights Into Mortality
Creators: name: Irwin, Debra
name: Pack, Cory
name: Shiv, Shalu
name: Cooper, Toska
name: Gibson, Teresa
name: Yoon, Frank
name: Young, Jessica
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: There is no abstract associated with this publication.
Unterstützte Kommunikation in der Regelschullogopädie. Hürden für den Einsatz und mögliche Lösungsansätze
Creators: name: Scheuzger, Michèle
name: Kleiner, Anne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Logopädie
Unterstützte Kommunikation
Sprachentwicklung
Regelschule
Bachelorarbeit

description: Unterstützte Kommunikation (UK) ist eine grundlegende Komponente der Logopädie an Sonderschulen. Die Anwendung an Regelschulen ist nicht geklärt. Daher stellen sich die Fragen, inwiefern UK an Regelschulen angewendet wird, was mögliche Hürden sein könnten und welche Lösungsansätze für die Überwindung dieser denkbar sind. Weiter gilt es zu klären, ob Regelschulkinder zur Zielgruppe von UK gehören und welche positiven Effekte UK auf die Sprachentwicklung hat. Mithilfe eines Literaturstudiums zur UK-Thematik und eines Gruppeninterviews mit Regelschullogopädinnen aus dem Kt. Zürich wurde diesen Fragen auf den Grund gegangen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass Regelschulkinder zur Zielgruppe von UK gehören und von den ermittelten Effekten profitieren. Zudem wurde klar, dass der Begriff UK breit verstanden wird und die Frage nach der Anwendung in Regelschulen stark von der Definition abhängt.
GRB Spectra in the complex of synchrotron and Compton processes
Creators: name: Jiang, Yunguo
name: Hu, Shao-Ming
name: Chen, Xu
name: Li, Kai
name: Guo, Di-Fu
name: Li, Yu-Tong
name: Li, Huai-Zhen
name: Lin, Hai-Nan
name: Chang, Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under the steady state condition, the spectrum of electrons is investigated by solving the continuity equation under the complex radiation of both the synchrotron and Compton processes. The resulted GRB spectrum is a broken power law in both the fast and slow cooling phases. On the basis of this electron spectrum, the spectral indices of the Band function in four different phases are presented. In the complex radiation frame, the detail investigation on physical parameters reveals that both the reverse shock photosphere model and the forward shock with strong coupling model can answer the $α\sim -1$ problem. A possible marginal to fast cooling phase transition in GRB 080916C is discussed. The time resolved spectra in different pulses of GRB 100724B, GRB 100826A and GRB 130606B are investigated. We found that the flux is proportional to the peak energy in almost all pulses. The phases for different pulses are determined according to the spectral index revolution. We found the strong correlations between spectral indices and the peak energy in GRB 100826A, which can be explained by the Compton effect in the fast cooling phase. However, the complex scenario predicts a steeper index for the injected electrons, which challenges the acceleration mechanism in GRBs.
description: 32pages, 11 figures
Quantum MDS Codes over Small Fields
Creators: name: Grassl, Markus
name: Roetteler, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider quantum MDS (QMDS) codes for quantum systems of dimension $q$ with lengths up to $q^2+2$ and minimum distances up to $q+1$. We show how starting from QMDS codes of length $q^2+1$ based on cyclic and constacyclic codes, new QMDS codes can be obtained by shortening. We provide numerical evidence for our conjecture that almost all admissible lengths, from a lower bound $n_0(q,d)$ on, are achievable by shortening. Some additional codes that fill gaps in the list of achievable lengths are presented as well along with a construction of a family of QMDS codes of length $q^2+2$, where $q=2^m$, that appears to be new.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Can a pure neutron state of matter exist?
Creators: name: Xu, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A short discussion on possible multineutron resonances.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Lithium isotope behavior in Hawaiian regoliths: Soil-atmosphere-biosphere exchanges
Creators: name: Liu, X.-M.
name: Li, W.
name: Chadwick, O.A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Understanding the influence of terrestrial soil-atmosphere-biosphere exchanges on Li geochemical behaviors is vital before using Li isotopes as a weathering tracer. We investigated Li geochemistry of the humid and arid regolith profiles formed on the Pololu lavas, the Kohala Mountain, Hawaii. The shallow regolith (0–1 m depth) retains Li (τLi,Nb > 0) and displays peak Li accumulation in biologically-active, near-surface soil layers (humid, τLi,Nb = 10.9; arid, τLi,Nb = 2.8), with heavy Li isotopic compositions (humid, 4.7–9.9‰; arid, 4.0–13.9‰) with respect to the basalt signal (2.2‰). The deep regolith (>1 m) demonstrates δ7Li (ave. 3.3‰) comparable to the composition of the underlying parent basalt (2.2‰). Decoupling of Li abundance and isotopic composition in the shallow regolith from those of the deep regolith implies different regolith controls on Li chemistry at vertical locations. The Li geochemistry in the shallow regolith has been substantially influenced by: (i) atmospheric deposition, (ii) plant cycling, and (iii) secondary mineral formation. In addition to weathering alteration, our data show that dust addition mainly influences δ7Li in the humid regolith, and marine aerosol largely affects δ7Li in the arid regolith. In the humid regolith, downward seepage migration allows for deeper and more advanced weathering, whereas occasional wetting events followed by rapid drying likely dominate in the arid regolith. Thus, biological cycling and the deposition of Asian dust and volcanic ash from the more recent Hawi eruptions are responsible for upward Li enrichment in soils and increases of soil δ7Li composition in the shallow regolith. This is particularly important in the humid site with dense plant coverage and heavy rainfall. By contrast, the deep regolith of the humid and arid sites is mostly affected by pore fluid percolation and accumulation, thus inheriting heavy Li isotope signals from pore fluids. Our study emphasizes climate-regulated and long-neglected biological controls on terrestrial Li cycling during chemical weathering.
ALMA Imaging of HCN, CS and dust in Arp 220 and NGC 6240
Creators: name: Scoville, Nick
name: Sheth, Kartik
name: Walter, Fabian
name: Manohar, Swarnima
name: Zschaechner, Laura
name: Yun, Min
name: Koda, Jin
name: Sanders, David
name: Murchikova, Lena
name: Thompson, Todd
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Genzel, Reinhard
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Tacconi, Linda
name: Brown, Robert
name: Narayanan, Desika
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Barnes, Joshua
name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan
name: Davies, Richard
name: van der Werf, Paul
name: Fomalont, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ALMA Band 7 (350 GHz) imaging at 0.4 - 0.6arcsec resolution and Band 9 (696 GHz) at ~0.25arcsec resolution of the luminous IR galaxies Arp 220 and NGC 6240. The long wavelength dust continuum is used to estimate ISM masses for Arp 220 East, West and NGC 6240 of 1.9, 4.2 and 1.6x10^9 msun within radii of 69, 65 and 190 pc. The HCN emission was modeled to derive the emissivity distribution as a function of radius and the kinematics of each nuclear disk, yielding dynamical masses consistent with the masses and sizes derived from the dust emission. In Arp 220, the major dust and gas concentrations are at radii less than 50 pc in both counter-rotating nuclear disks. The thickness of the disks in Arp 220estimated from the velocity dispersion and rotation velocities are 10-20 pc and the mean gas densities are n_H2 ~10^5 cm^-3 at R < 50 pc. We develop an analytic treatment for the molecular excitation (including photon trapping), yielding volume densities for both the HCN and CS emission with n_H2 ~2x10^5 cm^-3. The agreement of the mean density from the total mass and size with that required for excitation suggests that the volume is essentially filled with dense gas, i.e. it is not cloudy or like swiss cheese.
Global or regional? Constraining the origins of the middle Bambuí carbon cycle anomaly in Brazil
Creators: name: Goderis, S.
name: Cui, H.
name: Uhlein, G.J.
name: Li, F.
name: Liu, X.-M.
name: Plummer, R.E.
name: Warren, L.V.
name: Okubo, J.
name: Baele, J.-M.
name: Claeys, P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2020

description: The Ediacaran-Cambrian Bambuí Group in Brazil records an anomalously positive excursion in carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb) with a sustained plateau of ca. +15‰ (aka the Middle Bambuí Excursion–MIBE). Considering that the δ13Ccarb signals in Ediacaran-Cambrian seawaters do not typically exceed +6‰, the MIBE therefore represents a profound carbon cycle anomaly in Earth's history. Although intensive studies have been done on the Bambuí Group, origins of the MIBE remain enigmatic. In order to better constrain the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles during the MIBE, high-resolution chemostratigraphic analysis was conducted for both the plateau (i.e., Lagoa do Jacaré Formation) and the recovery part (i.e., lower Serra da Saudade Formation) of the MIBE. Chemostratigraphic profiles reveal remarkably different values in δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg, δ18Ocarb, and δ34Spyrite between these two studied MIBE intervals. The new data show that the plateau of the MIBE is characterized by coupled higher δ13Ccarb, higher δ13Corg, and higher δ34Spyrite signals compared with the recovery part of the MIBE. Based on multiple lines of sedimentological, geochemical, and model evidence, we propose that the possibilities of enhanced organic carbon burial and porewater methanogenesis are insufficient to explain the MIBE. Instead, local or regional controlling factors, including water-column methanogenesis, low-sulfate conditions, and enhanced carbonate recycling in a restricted basin may have played a role, independently or in unison, in generating this profound positive δ13Ccarb excursion. Therefore, the MIBE may reflect a regional event, instead of a global carbon cycle anomaly. We caution against the use of the MIBE in chemostratigraphic correlations on a global scale or any other attempt to infer global carbon cycling at that time. The biogeochemical landscape of the late Ediacaran-Cambrian basins and ocean margins may be more heterogeneous than previously thought.
Marokkanisch-Arabisch und Deutsch im Sprachvergleich. Eine Analyse der Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede auf phonologischer und morphosyntaktischer Ebene
Creators: name: Aâyare-Aouada, Selma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Logopädie
kindlicher Zweitspracherwerb
Deutsch als Zweitsprache
Marokkanisch-Arabisch
Bachelorarbeit

description: Mehrsprachigkeit ist keine Ausnahme, sondern vielmehr die Regel. Die Schwierigkeit, zwischen normalen und therapiebedürftigen Auffälligkeiten im kindlichen Zweitspracherwerb zu unterscheiden, ist bekannt. Deshalb ist es für Logopädinnen und Logopäden zentral, Wissen über die sprachlichen Strukturen der Erstsprachen zu erhalten, um Auffälligkeiten besser einordnen und somit adäquat reagieren zu können.
 In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Marokkanisch-Arabische betrachtet und mit dem Deutschen verglichen. Das Ziel ist es, wichtige Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede herauszuarbeiten, um mögliche Stolpersteine zu identifizieren. Dazu wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche negativen Transfers auf den linguistischen Ebenen Phonologie und Morphologie / Syntax bei Kindern im Alter zwischen zwei bis zehn Jahren mit der Erstsprache Marokkanisch-Arabisch beim Erwerb von Deutsch als Zweitsprache auftreten können.
 Die Fragestellung wird mithilfe eines kontrastiven Sprachvergleichs beantwortet. Die gesammelten Erkenntnisse werden einander gegenübergestellt und interpretiert.
 Es stellt sich heraus, dass im marokkanischen Phoneminventar unter anderem die Phoneme /ŋ/, /y/ und /ø/ fehlen. Daher sind negative Transfers zu erwarten. Auf grammatischer Ebene zeigt sich, dass das Marokkanische eine flexible Hauptsatzstruktur aufweist, weshalb Schwierigkeiten mit der Verbzweitstellung auftreten können.
Enhancing thermoelectric properties of graphene quantum rings
Creators: name: Saiz-Bretín, M.
name: Malyshev, A. V.
name: Orellana, P. A.
name: Domínguez-Adame, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermoelectric properties of rectangular graphene rings connected symmetrically or asymmetrically to the leads. A side-gate voltage applied across the ring allows for the precise control of the electric current flowing through the system. The transmission coefficient of the rings manifests Breit-Wigner line-shapes and/or Fano line-shapes, depending on the connection configuration, the width of nanoribbons forming the ring and the side-gate voltage. We find that the thermopower and the figure of merit are greatly enhanced when the chemical potential is tuned close to resonances. Such enhancement is even more pronounced in the vicinity of Fano like anti-resonances which can be induced by a side-gate voltage independently of the geometry. This opens a possibility to use the proposed device as a tunable thermoelectric generator.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review B
How will radar layover impact SWOT measurements of water surface elevation and slope, and estimates of river discharge?
Creators: name: Yang, X.
name: Fore, A.
name: de Moraes Frasson, R.P.
name: Williams, B.
name: Durand, M.
name: Chen, C.
name: Pavelsky, T.M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Water surface elevation (WSE), slope and width measurements from the forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will enable spaceborne estimates of global river discharge. WSE will be measured by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). InSAR measurements are vulnerable to contamination from layover, a phenomenon wherein radar returns from multiple locations arrive at the sensor simultaneously, rendering them indistinguishable. This study assesses whether layover will significantly impact the precision of SWOT estimates of global river discharge. We present a theoretical river layover uncertainty model at the scale of nodes and reaches, which constitute nominal 200 m and 10 km averages, respectively, along river centerlines. The model is calibrated using high-resolution simulations of SWOT radar interaction with topography covering a total of 41,233 node observations, across a wide range of near-river topographic features. We find that height uncertainty increases to a maximum value at relatively low values of topographic standard deviation and varies strongly with position in the swath. When applied at global scale, the calibrated model shows that layover causes expected height uncertainty to increase by only a modest amount (from 9.4 to 10.4 cm at the 68th percentile). The 68th percentile of the slope uncertainty increases more significantly, from 10 to 17 mm/km. Nonetheless, the 68th percentile discharge uncertainty increases only marginally. We find that the impact of layover on SWOT river discharge is expected to be small in most environments.
The JCMT SCUBA-2 Survey of the James Webb Space Telescope North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field
Creators: name: Hyun, Minhee
name: Im, Myungshin
name: Smail, Ian R.
name: Cotton, William D.
name: Birkin, Jack E.
name: Kikuta, Satoshi
name: Shim, Hyunjin
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
name: Condon, James J.
name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
name: Cohen, Seth H.
name: Jansen, Rolf A.
name: Ly, Chun
name: Matsuda, Yuichi
name: Fazio, Giovanni G.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
name: Yan, Haojing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The James Webb Space Telescope Time-Domain Field (JWST-TDF) is an $\sim$14$'$ diameter field near the North Ecliptic Pole that will be targeted by one of the JWST Guaranteed Time Observations programs. Here, we describe our James Clerk Maxwell Telescope SCUBA-2 850 $μ$m imaging of the JWST-TDF and present the submillimeter source catalog and properties. We also present a catalog of radio sources from Karl J. Jansky Very Large Array 3 GHz observations of the field. These observations were obtained to aid JWST's study of the dust-obscured galaxies that contribute significantly to the cosmic star formation at high redshifts. Our deep 850 $μ$m map covers the JWST TDF at a noise level of $σ_{850}$ = 1.0 mJy beam$^{-1}$, detecting 83/31 sources in the main/supplementary signal-to-noise ratio (S/N $>$ 4 / S/N = 3.5 - 4) sample respectively. The 3 GHz observations cover a 24$'$ diameter field with a 1 $σ$ noise of 1$μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at a 0$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$7 FWHM. We identified eighty-five 3 GHz counterparts to sixty-six 850 $μ$m sources and then matched these with multiwavelength data from the optical to the mid-infrared wave bands. We performed spectral energy distribution fitting for 61 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) matched with optical/near-infrared data, and found that SMGs at S/N $>$ 4 have a median value of $z_{phot} = $2.22 $\pm$ 0.12, star formation rates of 300 $\pm$ 40 M$_{\odot}\,{\rm yr^{-1}}$ (Chabrier initial mass function), and typical cold dust masses of 5.9 $\pm$ 0.7 $ \times$ 10$^{8} $M$_{\odot}$, in line with bright SMGs from other surveys. The large cold dust masses indicate correspondingly large cool gas masses, which we suggest are a key factor necessary to drive the high star formation rates seen in this population
description: 22 pages, 18 figures (1 extended figure and the full catalog are included), Published in ApJS
Toward an Empirical Theory of Pulsar Emission XI. Understanding the Orientations of Pulsar Radiation and Supernova "Kicks"
Creators: name: Rankin, Joanna M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two entwined problems have remained unresolved since pulsars were discovered nearly 50 years ago: the orientation of their polarized emission relative to the emitting magnetic field and the direction of putative supernova ``kicks' relative to their rotation axes. The rotational orientation of most pulsars can be inferred only from the (``fiducial') polarization angle of their radiation, when their beam points directly at the Earth and the emitting polar fluxtube field is $\parallel$ to the rotation axis. Earlier studies have been unrevealing owing to the admixture of different types of radiation (core and conal, two polarization modes), producing both $\parallel$ or $\perp$ alignments. In this paper we analyze the some 50 pulsars having three characteristics: core radiation beams, reliable absolute polarimetry, and accurate proper motions. The ``fiducial' polarization angle of the core emission, we then find, is usually oriented $\perp$ to the proper-motion direction on the sky. As the primary core emission is polarized $\perp$ to the projected magnetic field in Vela and other pulsars where X-ray imaging reveals the orientation, this shows that the proper motions usually lie $\parallel$ to the rotation axes on the sky. Two key physical consequences then follow: first, to the extent that supernova ``kicks' are responsible for pulsar proper motions, they are mostly $\parallel$ to the rotation axis; and second that most pulsar radiation is heavily processed by the magnetospheric plasma such that the lowest altitude ``parent' core emission is polarized $\perp$ to the emitting field, propagating as the extraordinary (X) mode.
description: Astrophysical Journal, in press
On Single-Cell Enzyme Assays in Marine Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry
Creators: name: Middelboe, M.
name: Arnosti, C.
name: Hallam, S.J.
name: Traving, S.J.
name: Seale, D.
name: Glud, R.N.
name: Balmonte, J.P.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2022

description: Extracellular enzyme activity is a well-established parameter for evaluating microbial biogeochemical roles in marine ecosystems. The presence and activity of extracellular enzymes in seawater provide insights into the quality and quantity of organic matter being processed by the present microorganisms. A key challenge in our understanding of these processes is to decode the extracellular enzyme repertoire and activities of natural communities at the single-cell level. Current measurements are carried out on bulk or size-fractionated samples capturing activities of mixed populations. This approach – even with size-fractionation – cannot be used to trace enzymes back to their producers, nor distinguish the active microbial members, leading to a disconnect between measured activities and the producer cells. By targeting extracellular enzymes and resolving their activities at the single-cell level, we can investigate underlying phenotypic heterogeneity among clonal or closely related organisms, characterize enzyme kinetics under varying environmental conditions, and resolve spatio-temporal distribution of individual enzyme producers within natural communities. In this perspective piece, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies in the fields of microfluidic droplets and functional screening of prokaryotic cells for measuring enzyme activity in marine seawater samples, one cell at a time. We further elaborate on how this single-cell approach can be used to address research questions that cannot be answered with current methods, as pertinent to the enzymatic degradation of organic matter by marine microorganisms.
eLiSa Selbstlernende Buchstabentafel. Entwicklung eines digitalen Hilfsmittels zur erleichterten Kommunikation mit Locked-in-Syndrom-Betroffenen im Anfangszustand
Creators: name: Romang, Simona
name: Stauffacher, Martina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Logopädie
Locked-in-Syndrom
Kommunikation
Bachelorarbeit

description: Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit war es, ein digitales Hilfsmittel zu entwickeln, um die Kommunikation mit Locked-in-Syndrom-Betroffenen zu erleichtern. In einer Literaturrecherche wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welche Eigenschaften die angestrebte Lösung erfordert, um den Bedürfnissen der im Anfangszustand eines Locked-in-Syndroms massiv in ihrer Kommunikation eingeschränkten Person gerecht zu werden.
 Aus den gewonnenen Informationen wurden Kriterien abgeleitet. Zudem wurde ein Überblick über bereits vorhandene Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten erstellt. Die Buchstabentafel als bisher effektivste und bewährte Lösung im Anfangszustand eines Locked-in-Syndroms wurde schliesslich – in Form einer Kombination aus der Partnerscanning-Methode und einer selbst-lernenden Software – als Basis für die Entwicklung bestimmt. Als geeignete technische Grundlage setzte sich die iOS Plattform auf iPhone und iPad der Marke Apple durch.
 Gemeinsam mit einem Softwareentwickler wurde ein erster Prototyp erarbeitet und im Rahmen einer On-going-Evaluation laufend weiterentwickelt. Als Schlussevaluation wurde ein Vergleich mit der analogen Buchstabentafel durchgeführt. Die dabei erzielten Resultate weisen auf eine Überlegenheit der entwickelten Applikation hin, insbesondere im Bereich der Effizienz und Benutzerfreundlichkeit.
Gravitational Waves by Perturbation of a Slowly Rotating Thin-Shell Wormhole
Creators: name: Kim, Sung-Won
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the gravitational wave generation by a slowly rotating thin-shell wormhole is considered. Since the rotating thin-shell wormhole is assumed to be an axisymmetric rigid body, the rotation axis coincides with the largest principal axis which means there is no precession motion. However, if there is a perturbation in the angular velocity, the rotating wormhole can move with precession by perturbation which make arise the gravitational waves. We derive the gravitational wave spectrum, energy loss rate, and angular momentum loss rate.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Minimum Core Masses for Giant Planet Formation With Realistic Equations of State and Opacities
Creators: name: Piso, Ana-Maria A.
name: Youdin, Andrew N.
name: Murray-Clay, Ruth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant planet formation by core accretion requires a core that is sufficiently massive to trigger runaway gas accretion in less that the typical lifetime of protoplanetary disks. We explore how the minimum required core mass, M_crit, depends on a non-ideal equation of state and on opacity changes due to grain growth, across a range of stellocentric distances from 5-100 AU. This minimum M_crit applies when planetesimal accretion does not substantially heat the atmosphere. Compared to an ideal gas polytrope, the inclusion of molecular hydrogen (H_2) dissociation and variable occupation of H_2 rotational states increases M_crit. Specifically, M_crit increases by a factor of ~2 if the H_2 spin isomers, ortho- and parahydrogen, are in thermal equilibrium, and by a factor of ~2-4 if the ortho-to-para ratio is fixed at 3:1. Lower opacities due to grain growth reduce M_crit. For a standard disk model around a Solar mass star, we calculate M_crit ~ 8 M_Earth at 5 AU, decreasing to ~5 M_Earth at 100 AU, for a realistic EOS with an equilibrium ortho-to-para ratio and for grain growth to cm-sizes. If grain coagulation is taken into account, M_crit may further reduce by up to one order of magnitude. These results for the minimum critical core mass are useful for the interpretation of surveys that find exoplanets at a range of orbital distances.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Antiferromagnetic metal phases in double perovskites having strong antisite defect concentrations
Creators: name: Sanyal, Prabuddha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently an antiferromagnetic metal phase has been proposed in double perovskites materials like Sr$_{2}$FeMoO$_{6}$ (SFMO), when electron doped. This material has been found to change from half-metallic ferromagnet to antiferromagnetic metal (AFM) upon La-overdoping. The original proposition of such an AFM phase was made for clean samples, but the experimental realization of La-overdoped SFMO has been found to contain a substantial fraction of antisite defects. A phase segregation into alternate Fe and Mo rich regions was observed. In this paper we propose a possible scenario in which this type of strong antisite concentration can still result in an antiferromagnetic metal phase, by a novel hopping driven mechanism. Using variational calculations, we find that proliferation of such phase segregated domain regions can also result in the stabilization of an A-type AFM over the G-type AFM based on kinetic energy considerations.
Strong seasonal differences of bacterial polysaccharide utilization in the North Sea over an annual cycle
Creators: name: Amann, R.
name: Kirstein, I.V.
name: Fuchs, B.M.
name: Arnosti, C.
name: Giljan, G.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides. The patterns and rates of two different polysaccharide utilization modes – extracellular hydrolysis and selfish uptake – have previously been found to change during spring phytoplankton bloom events. Here we investigated seasonal changes in bacterial utilization of three polysaccharides, laminarin, xylan and chondroitin sulfate. Strong seasonal differences were apparent in mode and speed of polysaccharide utilization, as well as in bacterial community compositions. Compared to the winter month of February, during the spring bloom in May, polysaccharide utilization was detected earlier in the incubations and a higher portion of all bacteria took up laminarin selfishly. Highest polysaccharide utilization was measured in June and September, mediated by bacterial communities that were significantly different from spring assemblages. Extensive selfish laminarin uptake, for example, was detectible within a few hours in June, while extracellular hydrolysis of chondroitin was dominant in September. In addition to the well-known Bacteroidota and Gammaproteobacteria clades, the numerically minor verrucomicrobial clade Pedosphaeraceae could be identified as a rapid laminarin utilizer. In summary, polysaccharide utilization proved highly variable over the seasons, both in mode and speed, and also by the bacterial clades involved.
Significance of Strain Rate in Severe Plastic Deformation on Steady-State Microstructure and Strength
Creators: name: Edalati, Kaveh
name: Wang, Qing
name: Enikeev, Nariman A.
name: Peters, Laura-Jean
name: Zehetbauer, Michael J.
name: Schafler, Erhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microstructure and mechanical properties of materials saturate to steady states after severe plastic deformation (SPD). Despite the well-known effect of temperature on the steady-state microstructure, there is no general agreement on the significance of strain rate and the applicability of the Zener-Hollomon parameter in this regard. In this study, several pure metals (aluminum, copper, titanium, and iron) and a Cu-30Zn (wt%) brass alloy have been processed by a high-speed high-pressure torsion (HPT) equipment with controllable rotation speeds in the range of 0.06 to 60 rpm. It is found that crystallite/grain size, dislocation density, microhardness and shear stress at the steady state are reasonably rate-independent for the von Mises strain rates in the range of 0.004 to 20 s-1. Because both rates of grain refinement and of dynamic recrystallization are proportional to the strain rate, it is suggested that their balance, which determines the steady state, is rate-independent.
RLAS-BIABC: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Answer Selection Using the BERT Model Boosted by an Improved ABC Algorithm
Creators: name: Gharagozlou, Hamid
name: Mohammadzadeh, Javad
name: Bastanfard, Azam
name: Ghidary, Saeed Shiry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: Answer selection (AS) is a critical subtask of the open-domain question answering (QA) problem. The present paper proposes a method called RLAS-BIABC for AS, which is established on attention mechanism-based long short-term memory (LSTM) and the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) word embedding, enriched by an improved artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for pretraining and a reinforcement learning-based algorithm for training backpropagation (BP) algorithm. BERT can be comprised in downstream work and fine-tuned as a united task-specific architecture, and the pretrained BERT model can grab different linguistic effects. Existing algorithms typically train the AS model with positive-negative pairs for a two-class classifier. A positive pair contains a question and a genuine answer, while a negative one includes a question and a fake answer. The output should be one for positive and zero for negative pairs. Typically, negative pairs are more than positive, leading to an imbalanced classification that drastically reduces system performance. To deal with it, we define classification as a sequential decision-making process in which the agent takes a sample at each step and classifies it. For each classification operation, the agent receives a reward, in which the prize of the majority class is less than the reward of the minority class. Ultimately, the agent finds the optimal value for the policy weights. We initialize the policy weights with the improved ABC algorithm. The initial value technique can prevent problems such as getting stuck in the local optimum. Although ABC serves well in most tasks, there is still a weakness in the ABC algorithm that disregards the fitness of related pairs of individuals in discovering a neighboring food source position.
description: 21 pages
High-Entropy Hydrides for Fast and Reversible Hydrogen Storage at Room Temperature: Binding-Energy Engineering via First-Principles Calculations and Experiments
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Abbas
name: Ikeda, Yuji
name: Edalati, Parisa
name: Mito, Masaki
name: Grabowski, Blazej
name: Li, Hai-Wen
name: Edalati, Kaveh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite high interest in compact and safe storage of hydrogen in the solid-state hydride form, the design of alloys that can reversibly and quickly store hydrogen at room temperature under pressures close to atmospheric pressure is a long-lasting challenge. In this study, first-principles calculations are combined with experiments to develop high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for room-temperature hydrogen storage. TixZr2-xCrMnFeNi (x = 0.4-1.6) alloys with the Laves phase structure and low hydrogen binding energies of -0.1 to -0.15 eV are designed and synthesized. The HEAs reversibly store hydrogen in the form of Laves phase hydrides at room temperature, while (de)hydrogenation pressure systematically reduces with increasing the zirconium fraction in good agreement with the binding energy calculations. The kinetics of hydrogenation are fast, the hydrogenation occurs without any activation or catalytic treatment, the hydrogen storage performance remains stable for at least 1000 cycles, and the storage capacity is higher than that for commercial LaNi5. The current findings demonstrate that a combination of theoretical calculations and experiments is a promising pathway to design new high-entropy hydrides with high performance for hydrogen storage.
Changes in the distribution of circum-binary material around the HMXB GX 301-2 during a rapid spin-up episode of the neutron star
Creators: name: Manikantan, Hemanth
name: Paul, Biswajit
name: Roy, Kinjal
name: Rana, Vikram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some accretion powered X-ray pulsars with supergiant companion stars undergo occasional rapid spin-up episodes that last for weeks to a few months. We explore the changes in the accretion environment of the pulsar GX 301-2 during its latest 80 days long spin-up episode in 2019 when the spin frequency of the pulsar increased by ~2% over two orbits of the binary. By performing time-resolved spectroscopy with the MAXI/GSC spectra of the source, we estimated the equivalent hydrogen column density and equivalent width of the iron fluorescence line during the spin-up episode, and compared them with the long-term average values estimated by orbital-phase resolved spectroscopy. The measured absorption column density during the spin-up episode is about twice that of an average orbit, while the equivalent width of the iron line is less than half of an average orbit. Though the spin-up episode started immediately after a pre-periastron flare and lasted for the two consecutive orbits of the binary, the associated enhancement in luminosity started a few days after the pre-periastron flare and lasted only during the first orbit, and some enhancement was seen again during the pre-periastron passage of the second orbit. The absorption column density and iron line equivalent width vary throughout the spin-up episode and are distinct from an average orbit. These observations indicate a significant change in the accretion and reprocessing environment in GX 301-2 during the spin-up episode and may hold important clues for the phenomenon in this source and several other sources with supergiant companions.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation on products of odd-dimensional spheres
Creators: name: Zhang, Yunfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J05, 35Q55

description: We prove Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation which are scale-invariant up to an $\varepsilon$-loss on products of odd-dimensional spheres. Namely, for any product of odd-dimensional spheres $M=\mathbb{S}^{d_1}\times\cdots\times\mathbb{S}^{d_r}$ (so that $M$ is of dimension $d=d_1+\cdots+d_r$ and rank $r$) equipped with rational metrics, the following Strichartz estimate \begin{equation*} \|e^{itΔ}f\|_{L^p(I\times M)}\leq C_\varepsilon\|f\|_{H^{\frac{d}{2}-\frac{d+2}{p}+\varepsilon}(M)} \end{equation*} holds for any $p\geq 2+\frac{8(s-1)}{sr}$, where $$s=\max\left\{\frac{2d_i}{d_i-1}, i=1,\ldots,r\right\}.$$
description: This paper is mainly the old published paper in Nonlinear Analysis. However, some arguments are slightly upgraded so that the results presented here are stronger and new
Lower bounds on par with upper bounds for few-electron atomic energies
Creators: name: Ronto, Miklos
name: Jeszenszki, Peter
name: Mátyus, Edit
name: Pollak, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of computational resources has made it possible to determine upper bounds for atomic and molecular energies with high precision. Yet, error bounds to the computed energies have been available only as estimates. In this paper, the Pollak-Martinazzo lower-bound theory, in conjunction with correlated Gaussian basis sets, is elaborated and implemented to provide sub-parts-per-million convergence of the ground- and excited-state energies for the He, Li, and Be atoms. The quality of the lower bounds is comparable to that of the upper bounds obtained from the Ritz method. These results exemplify the power of lower bounds to provide tight estimates of atomic energies.
Förderung von Kindern mit einer Sprachentwicklungsstörung oder einer Lese- Rechtschreibstörung im gesteuerten Fremdsprachenunterricht in den Sprachen Englisch und Französisch. Literaturarbeit zu den Schwierigkeitsbereichen und allgemeinen Förderungsansätzen mit Ableitung von Empfehlungen für die Logopädie.
Creators: name: Caviezel, Ines
name: Niederberger, Flavia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Logopädie
Fremdsprachenunterricht
Legasthenie
Sprachentwicklungsstörung
Bachelorarbeit

description: Abstract Kinder mit einer Lese- Rechtschreibstörung (LRS) oder Sprachentwicklungsstörung (SES) treffen im Fremdsprachenunterricht erneut auf Schwierigkeiten. Probleme der Muttersprache zeigen sich auch in der Fremdsprache. Eine angemessene Förderung bleibt durch fehlendes Fachwissen oft aus. Aufgabe der Logopädie ist es, Lehrpersonen zum Umgang mit ihrem Klientel im Unterricht zu beraten und geeignete Therapien zu bieten. Gut abgestützte Förderprogramme für dieses Klientel im Fremdsprachenerwerb fehlen. Ziel der Arbeit ist eine Sammlung von Empfehlungen zur Förderung von Englisch und Französisch für LogopädInnen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum. Dafür wurden für Kinder mit einer SES oder LRS beim gesteuerten Fremdsprachenerwerb in den Sprachen Englisch und Französisch folgende Forschungsfragen gestellt: 1. In welchen Bereichen treten am meisten Schwierigkeiten auf, 2. welche allgemeinen Empfehlungen zur Förderung dieser Schwierigkeitsbereiche finden sich in der Fachliteratur, 3. welche dieser Empfehlungen zur Förderung gehören zur Aufgabe der Logopädie und 3a. wie gestaltet sich die Förderung in der Logopädie in Bezug auf die Rahmenbedingungen der Therapie und auf die zu therapierende Sprache? Anhand einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden die Schwierigkeitsbereiche akustisches Erfassen/phonologische Bewusstheit, Lesen, Schreiben und Rechtschreiben, Grammatik, Wortschatz, Aussprache, Arbeitsstrategien sowie Motivation und Selbstvertrauen aufgestellt. Für diese Bereiche konnten allgemeine Empfehlungen zur Förderung gefunden und deren Relevanz für die Logopädie abgeleitet werden.