cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observing the Earliest Stages of Star Formation in Galaxies: 8 micron Cores in Three Edge-on Disks
Creators: name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Elmegreen, Debra M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study the vertical distribution of the earliest stages of star formation in galaxies, three edge-on spirals, NGC 891, NGC 3628, and IC 5052 observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) were examined for compact 8 micron cores using an unsharp mask technique; 173, 267, and 60 cores were distinguished, respectively. Color-color distributions suggest a mixture of PAHs and highly-extincted photospheric emission from young stars. The average V-band extinction is ~20 mag, equally divided between foreground and core. IRAC magnitudes for the clumps are converted to stellar masses assuming an age of 1 Myr, which is about equal to the ratio of the total core mass to the star formation rate in each galaxy. The extinction and stellar mass suggest an intrinsic core diameter of ~18 pc for 5% star formation efficiency. The half-thickness of the disk of 8 micron cores is 105 pc for NGC 891 and 74 pc for IC 5052, varying with radius by a factor of ~2. For NGC 3628, which is interacting, the half-thickness is 438 pc, but even with this interaction, the 8 micron disk is remarkably flat, suggesting vertical stability. Small scale structures like shingles or spirals are seen in the core positions. Very few of the 8 micron cores have optical counterparts.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, 7 tables, in press for ApJ
WIRTSCHAFTLICHE ANALYSE UND RISIKOBEWERTUNG DER DIVERSIFIZIERUNG DER LANDWIRTSCHAFT IN KASACHSTAN
Creators: name: Tonkoshkur, Tetyana
name: Zeddies, Jurgen
name: Tonkoshkur, Tetyana
name: Zeddies, Jurgen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Kasachstan
subject: Landwirtschaft
subject: Diversifizierung
subject: Risiko
subject: MOTAD

description: Mangelhafte Reformen in der Landwirtschaft Kasachstans am Anfang der Transformationsperiode sowie die Finanzkrise 1998 hatten stark negative Auswirkungen auf den Umfang und die Struktur der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion. Wegen der schwierigen finanziellen Lage Anfang bis Ende der 90-ger Jahre haben viele Landwirtschaftsunternehmen und Farmwirtschaften die Tierbestände fast vollständig abgeschafft und sich auf die Getreideproduktion spezialisiert. Die Tierhaltung befindet sich überwiegen in privaten Hauswirtschaften1. In vielen Betrieben wird Weizen als Monokultur angebaut. Solche enge Spezialisierung birgt erhebliche Produktions- und Preisrisiken, bedroht die Liquidität der Betriebe und führt zur Erschöpfung der Böden. Dabei bestehen gute Voraussetzungen für den Anbau von alternativen Kulturen, sowie für die Entwicklung der Tierhaltung. Deswegen wird mit diesem Beitrag die Frage gestellt, welche Vorteile kann eine Diversifizierung als Risikomanagementstrategie bringen. Ermittlung und Bewertung von risikomindernden Kombinationen von Aktivitäten erfolgt mit dem MOTAD-Ansatz. Als Ergebnis soll eine optimale Diversifizierungsstrategie für landwirtschaftliche Großunternehmen in der Nordregion Kasachstans erarbeitet werden.
Comparison of dual based optimization methods for distributed trajectory optimization of coupled semi-batch processes
Creators: name: Maxeiner, Lukas Samuel
name: Engell, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed optimization
subject: Dual methods
subject: Dual decomposition
subject: Trajectory optimization
subject: Semi-batch reactors
subject: ADMM
subject: ALADIN
subject: Sharing of resources
subject: 660
subject: Optimierung
subject: Dualität
subject: Lagrange-Dualität
subject: Trajektorie
subject: Batchreaktor
subject: Erweiterte Lagrange-Methode

description: The physical and virtual connectivity of systems via flows of energy, material, information, etc., steadily increases. This paper deals with systems of sub-systems that are connected by networks of shared resources that have to be balanced. For the optimal operation of the overall system, the couplings between the sub-systems must be taken into account, and the overall optimum will usually deviate from the local optima of the sub-systems. However, for reasons, such as problem size, confidentiality, resilience to breakdowns, or generally when dealing with autonomous systems, monolithic optimization is often infeasible. In this contribution, iterative distributed optimization methods based on dual decomposition where the values of the objective functions of the different sub-systems do not have to be shared are investigated. We consider connected dynamic systems that share resources. This situation arises for continuous processes in transient conditions between different steady states and in inherently discontinuous processes, such as batch production processes. This problem is challenging since small changes during the iterations towards the satisfaction of the overarching constraints can lead to significant changes in the arc structures of the optimal solutions for the sub-systems. Moreover, meeting endpoint constraints at free final times complicates the problem. We propose a solution strategy for coupled semi-batch processes and compare different numerical approaches, the sub-gradient method, ADMM, and ALADIN, and show that convexification of the sub-systems around feasible points increases the speed of convergence while using second-order information does not necessarily do so. Since sharing of resources has an influence on whether trajectory dependent terminal constraints can be satisfied, we propose a heuristic for the computation of free final times of the sub-systems that allows the dynamic sub-processes to meet the constraints. For the example of several semi-batch reactors which are coupled via a bound on the total feed flow rate, we demonstrate that the distributed methods converge to (local) optima and highlight the strengths and the weaknesses of the different distributed optimization methods.
description: Optim Eng;21
Structure/function studies of the Bordetella pertussis autotransporter protein BrkA :
Creators: name: Oliver, David C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The autotransporter secretion system represents a fundamental strategy that Gramnegative bacteria have evolved to deliver an array of functionally diverse proteins to the cell surface. As the name implies, the autotransporter secretion system does not employ specific accessory factors; all of the information necessary for movement of a substrate polypeptide across the two membranes of the cell envelope is encoded within a single gene product. Autotransporters are modular multidomain proteins consisting of an N - terminal signal peptide, a passenger domain that contains the effector function(s) to be delivered to the cell surface, and a C-terminal domain termed the translocation unit. The signal peptide directs translocation across the inner membrane and the translocation unit facilitates export across the outer membrane. How this seemingly simple protein secretion strategy functions is largely unknown. This study addresses the secretion mechanism of the BrkA protein, a known virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis (the causative agent of whooping cough) and a putative autotransporter protein. Using a combination of genetic, biochemical, bioinformatic and cell biological approaches, BrkA was shown here to be a bona fide autotransporter protein and was established as a model system for studying autotransporter secretion. Structural and functional dissection of BrkA revealed a multidomain architecture consisting of a signal peptide, a passenger domain that contains the BrkA effector functions (serum resistance and adherence), and a C-terminal translocation unit. Significantly, a region termed the junction that is located at the C-terminus of the BrkA passenger domain was identified to be required for passenger folding during secretion. The conservation of this domain in a functionally diverse group of autotransporter proteins suggested that it plays an important role in secretion. The demonstration that the junction region mediated BrkA passenger folding when supplied in trans as a separate polypeptide suggests that it can function as an intramolecular chaperone. Further dissection of the BrkA junction revealed a sub-region that is not required for passenger folding but is required for secretion of a "folding competent" native BrkA passenger. These findings have been integrated with our current knowledge of autotransporter secretion to generate a working model of BrkA secretion that may be applicable to other autotransporter proteins.
Inner boundary conditions for black hole Initial Data derived from Isolated Horizons
Creators: name: Jaramillo, J. L.
name: Gourgoulhon, E.
name: Marugan, G. A. Mena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a set of boundary conditions for solving the elliptic equations in the Initial Data Problem for space-times containing a black hole, together with a number of constraints to be satisfied by the otherwise freely specifiable standard parameters of the Conformal Thin Sandwich formulation. These conditions altogether are sufficient for the construction of a horizon that is instantaneously in equilibrium in the sense of the Isolated Horizons formalism. We then investigate the application of these conditions to the Initial Data Problem of binary black holes and discuss the relation of our analysis with other proposals that exist in the literature.
description: 13 pages. Major general revision. Section V comparing with previous approaches restructured; discussion on the lapse boundary condition extended. Appendix with some technical details added. Version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
title: Controversies on Public Religious Pedagogy
title: religious education in times of post-democratic populism, global warming and economization of education
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Herbst, Jan-Hendrik
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Public Religious Pedagogy
subject: Public theology
subject: Critical theory
subject: Civic education
subject: 200
subject: 230
subject: Religionspädagogik
subject: Praktische Theologie
subject: Kritische Theorie

description: In times of social crises, Public Religious Pedagogy is emerging as “a new paradigm in the field of Religious Pedagogy” (Manfred L. Pirner). This paper aims to strengthen this approach through a critical review. To achieve this, the theoretical foundations of Public Religious Pedagogy will be examined more closely in order to investigate their strengths and weaknesses. The result of these considerations is to expand historical sources and interdisciplinary references of Public Religious Pedagogy: It is necessary to interpret the concept more broadly. Finally, this article argues in favour of a critical and prophetic Public Religious Pedagogy.
description: Journal of religious education;68
title: Exchange rate pass-through to import prices in Europe
title: a panel cointegration approach
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Arsova, Antonia
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exchange rate pass-through
subject: Import prices
subject: Panel cointegration
subject: Cross-sectional dependence
subject: Common factors
subject: 310

description: This paper takes a panel cointegration approach to the estimation of short- and long-run exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to import prices in the European countries. Although economic theory suggests a long-run relationship between import prices and exchange rate, in recent empirical studies its existence has either been overlooked or it has proven difficult to establish. Resorting to novel tests for panel cointegration, we find support for the equilibrium relationship hypothesis. Exchange rate pass-through elasticities, estimated by two different techniques for cointegrated panel regressions, give insight into the most recent development of the ERPT.
EUROPEAN RAPESEED AND FOSSIL DIESEL: THRESHOLD COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Ziegelback, Martin
name: Kastner, Gregor
name: Ziegelback, Martin
name: Kastner, Gregor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Production Economics
subject: Hedging
subject: Rapeseed
subject: Heating Oil
subject: Threshold cointegration analysis

description: For European operators of biofuels plants there are not many hedge vehicles available to hedge operational margins. Cross hedges for rapeoil (with the rapeseed futures contract) and RME (with the NYMEX diesel futures contract) could be useful instruments. We use recent developments on threshold cointegration approaches to investigate if asymmetric dynamic adjusting processes exist among rapeseed and diesel prices. The results suggest that a threeregime threshold cointegration model suitably explains the dynamics of the data.
Multilayer Structures of Graphene and Pt Nanoparticles -- a Multiscale Computational Study
Creators: name: Nasiri, Samaneh
name: Greff, Christian
name: Wang, Kai
name: Yang, Mingjun
name: Li, Qianqian
name: Moretti, Paolo
name: Zaiser, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of a multiscale simulation study of multilayer structures consisting of graphene sheets with embedded Pt nanoparticles. Density functional theory is used to understand the energetics of Pt-graphene interfaces and provide reference data for the parameterization of a Pt-graphene interaction potential. Molecular dynamics simulations then provide the conformation and energetics of graphene sheets with embedded Pt nanoparticles of varying density, form and size. These results are interpreted using a continuum mechanical model of sheet deformation, and serve to parameterize a meso-scale Monte Carlo model to investigate the question under which conditions the free volume around the Pt nanoparticles forms a percolating cluster, such that the structures can be used in catalytic applications. We conclude with a discussion of potential applications of such multilayer structures.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, one supplementary information file
Additional file 2 of Medicinal plant use practice in four ethnic communities (Gurage, Mareqo, Qebena, and Silti), south central Ethiopia
Creators: name: Alemtshay Teka
name: Zemede Asfaw
name: Sebsebe Demissew
name: Damme, Patrick Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2. List of medicinal plants used to treat livestock ailments: scientific name, family; vernacular name; growth form; plant parts used; ailment treated; methods of preparation; routes of administration; study sites; voucher number
title: Generalised joint regression for count data
title: a penalty extension for competitive settings
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Wurp, Hendrik Van Der
name: Groll, Andreas
name: Kneib, Thomas
name: Marra, Giampiero
name: Radice, Rosalba
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Count data regression
subject: Joint modelling
subject: Competitive settings
subject: Regularisation
subject: Football
subject: 310

description: We propose a versatile joint regression framework for count responses. The method is implemented in the R add-on package GJRM and allows for modelling linear and non-linear dependence through the use of several copulae. Moreover, the parameters of the marginal distributions of the count responses and of the copula can be specified as flexible functions of covariates. Motivated by competitive settings, we also discuss an extension which forces the regression coefficients of the marginal (linear) predictors to be equal via a suitable penalisation. Model fitting is based on a trust region algorithm which estimates simultaneously all the parameters of the joint models. We investigate the proposal’s empirical performance in two simulation studies, the first one designed for arbitrary count data, the other one reflecting competitive settings. Finally, the method is applied to football data, showing its benefits compared to the standard approach with regard to predictive performance.
description: Stat Comput;30
title: Inhibition of HIV replication by nucleoside analogues and TIBO-L
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Tableau en deux exemplaires.
description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111231432416
description: created: start=1975;end=2018
An intrinsic temporal order of c-JUN N-terminal phosphorylation regulates its activity by orchestrating co-factor recruitment.
Creators: name: Waudby, Christopher A
name: Alvarez-Teijeiro, Saul
name: Ruiz, E Josue
name: Suppinger, Simon
name: Pinotsis, Nikos
name: Brown, Paul R
name: Behrens, Axel
name: Christodoulou, John
name: Mylona, Anastasia
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: Model organisms
Tumour Biology
Gene Expression
Genetics & Genomics
Genome Integrity & Repair
Stem Cells

description: Protein phosphorylation is a major regulatory mechanism of cellular signalling. The c-JUN proto-oncoprotein is phosphorylated at four residues within its transactivation domain (TAD) by the JNK family kinases, but the functional significance of c-JUN multisite phosphorylation has remained elusive. Here we show that c-JUN phosphorylation by JNK exhibits defined temporal kinetics, with serine63 and serine73 being phosphorylated more rapidly than threonine91 and threonine93. We identify the positioning of the phosphorylation sites relative to the kinase docking motif, and their primary sequence, as the main factors controlling phosphorylation kinetics. Functional analysis reveals three c-JUN phosphorylation states: unphosphorylated c-JUN recruits the MBD3 repressor, serine63/73 doubly-phosphorylated c-JUN binds to the TCF4 co-activator, whereas the fully phosphorylated form disfavours TCF4 binding attenuating JNK signalling. Thus, c-JUN phosphorylation encodes multiple functional states that drive a complex signalling response from a single JNK input.
Drought impacts and related risk management by smallholder farmers in developing countries: evidence from Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Murendo, Conrad
name: Keil, Alwin
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Murendo, Conrad
name: Keil, Alwin
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: drought
subject: drought risk management
subject: Ethiopia

description: Climate risk studies have largely neglected household coping and adaptation strategies. In this paper we analyze drought impacts, drought risk management, and resulting drought resilience in Awash River Basin of Ethiopia based on socio-economic data collected from 43 randomly selected Peasant Associations. We find that severe drought periods have led to a significant depression of crop yields and to widespread death of livestock in the past. Drought periods have drastically increased the proportion of food insecure households and lengthened the duration of food insecurity in the area. Since, with climate change, drought periods are predicted to become more frequent in this region in the future, the problem of food insecurity is likely to become even more severe. Ex-ante adaptation strategies are widely practised in Awash River Basin and include the storage of crop residues as fodder for livestock, the rearing of drought tolerant livestock, mixed cropping, the use of short duration crop varieties, and the adoption of soil and water conservation practices. Ex-post coping strategies utilized to manage the consequences of drought include the sale of assets and the reliance on consumption loans and support offered by informal networks. Therefore, suitable policies are urgently needed to strengthen farmers’ capacity to adapt to and cope with drought. Training farmers in the production and conservation of livestock fodder as well as in soil and water conservation practices appear to be key policy options relevant in the area. Moreover, improving farmers’ access to climate related information, especially drought forecasts, could improve the timely adoption of effective adaptation measures.
title: Influence of Structural Disorder on the Magnetic Order in FeRhCr Alloys
Creators: name: Komlev, Aleksei S.
name: Cabeza, Gabriela F.
name: Chirkova, Alisa M.
name: Ukrainczyk, Neven
name: Sherstobitova, Elena A.
name: Zverev, Vladimir I.
name: Gimaev, Radel
name: Baranov, Nikolai V.
name: Perov, Nikolai S.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Magnetic phase transitions in alloys are highly influenced by the sample preparation techniques. In the present research, electronic and magnetic properties of Fe48Cr3Rh49 alloys with varying cooling rates were studied, both experimentally and theoretically. The degree of crystalline ordering was found to depend on the cooling rate employed after annealing the alloy. Modeling of alloy structures with different degrees of crystalline ordering was carried out via strategic selection of substitution positions and distances between chromium atoms. Theoretical calculations revealed significant changes in magnetic and electronic properties of the alloy with different substitutions. A comprehensive analysis of the calculated and experimental data established correlations between structural characteristics and parameters governing the magnetic phase transition. In this study, we also developed a method for evaluating the magnetic properties of the alloys obtained under different heat treatments. The proposed approach integrates atom substitution and heat treatment parameters, offering precise control over alloy manufacturing to effectively tune their essential magnetic properties.
An Approximate Carry Estimating Simultaneous Adder with Rectification
Creators: name: Bhattacharjya, Rajat
name: Mishra, Vishesh
name: Singh, Saurabh
name: Goswami, Kaustav
name: Banerjee, Dip Sankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Approximate computing has in recent times found significant applications towards lowering power, area, and time requirements for arithmetic operations. Several works done in recent years have furthered approximate computing along these directions. In this work, we propose a new approximate adder that employs a carry prediction method. This allows parallel propagation of the carry allowing faster calculations. In addition to the basic adder design, we also propose a rectification logic which would enable higher accuracy for larger computations. Experimental results show that our adder produces results 91.2% faster than the conventional ripple-carry adder. In terms of accuracy, the addition of rectification logic to the basic design produces results that are more accurate than state-of-the-art adders like SARA and BCSA by 74%.
description: To appear at the 30th ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI
Selberg's trace formula: an introduction
Creators: name: Marklof, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11F72, 81Q50

description: These lecture notes provide a basic introduction to Selberg's trace formula. We discuss the simplest possible case: the spectrum of the Laplacian on a compact Riemannian surface of constant negative curvature. (To appear in Springer LNP.)
description: Lectures given at the International School "Quantum Chaos on Hyperbolic Manifolds" (Schloss Reisensburg, Gunzburg, Germany, 4-11 October 2003). To appear in Springer LNP
Singular conductance of a spin 1 quantum dot
Creators: name: Posazhennikova, A.
name: Coleman, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We interpret the recent observation of a zero-bias anomaly in spin-1 quantum dots in terms of an underscreened Kondo effect. Although a spin-1 quantum dots are expected to undergo a two-stage quenching effect, in practice the log normal distribution of Kondo temperatures leads to a broad temperature region dominated by underscreened Kondo physics. General arguments, based on the asymptotic decoupling between the partially screened moment and the leads, predict a singular temperature and voltage dependence of the conductance $G$ and differential conductance $g$, resulting in $dg/dT\sim 1/T$ and $dG/dV \sim 1/V$. Using a Schwinger boson approach, we show how these qualitative expectations are borne out in a detailed many body calculation.
description: Four pages, four figures. Paper revised with additional references added in response to feedback from readers
Metropolitan theatrics : performing the modern in Weimar Berlin, 1919-1933
Creators: name: Vasudevan, Alexander Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: "Metropolitan Theatrics" charts the unsettling and reshaping of everyday life in Weimar Berlin between 1919 and 1933. It does so, by convening a conversation between the multidisciplinary insights of performance studies and recent geographical approaches to the study of the modern city. Berlin's restless relationship with the 'modern' offers, it is argued, an ideal historical milieu in which to test performance theory while at the same time question some of its presentist assumptions. Drawing on a variety of historical sources, the study focuses on the role of performance - not only theatrical representation, but also the popular press, novels, the visual and performing arts, modern dance, scientific experiments, and everyday practices - in order to demonstrate the specific conjunction of visuality and embodiment that allied 'Berlin' with 'modernity.' The thesis is divided into two main parts. Part One is a close reading of texts and images and how they have come to figure Weimar Berlin as an imagined environment. In this respect, recent scholarship in the humanities has been caught on the horns of a theoretical dilemma, namely how to accommodate the seemingly undocumentable event of performance. Different responses to this dilemma are discussed. In particular, it is argued that in seeking to go beyond representation to embodied experience, a sense of the cultural presence of the former in the latter merits greater critical attention. Part Two continues the thesis's discussion of performance's unorthodox archives by drawing attention to a repertoire of aesthetic and scientific practices which were developed to sense and adapt to the traumatic shock of metropolitan modernity. Ultimately, this thesis provides an historically specific account of aspects of Weimar modernity and thus means to contribute not only to an historical geography of Berlin, but also to the forging of methodologies that serve to widen the cross-disciplinary study of modern culture and modernity. Given the importance of the Weimar era to our understanding of the nature of European modernity, the development of a geography of performance makes a strong case for re-examining the ways in which the relationship between 'modernity' and the 'city' is usually formulated
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe – entwicklungspolitisch einmal anders gedacht
Creators: name: Breuer, Thomas
name: Henckes, Christian
name: Loos, Tim K.
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Breuer, Thomas
name: Henckes, Christian
name: Loos, Tim K.
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Agrarrohstoffe
subject: Biomasse
subject: Nachwachsender Rohstoff
subject: Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
subject: Agrarpolitik
subject: Nachhaltigkeit

description: Steigende Agrarpreise, und damit steigende Nahrungsmittelpreise, beleben die Diskussion über die Notwendigkeit der „Non-Food“-Nutzung (Anbau von Energiepflanzen, aber auch Pflanzen für die stoffliche Nutzung, z.B. Holz oder Kautschuk) von Agrarrohstoffen. Dieses Diskussionspapier betrachtet die allgemeinen Brennpunkte der Debatte und erörtert speziell die Möglichkeiten von Biotreibstoffen als Triebkraft für Investitionen in Infrastruktur und Marktzugang im ländlichen Raum und als Treiber der Nachhaltigkeitsdiskussion im Agrarsektor der Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer. Auf lange Sicht ist die konkurrierende Nutzung von Land für Energie- und Nahrungsmittelpflanzen differenziert zu betrachten. Kurz- bis mittelfristig jedoch ist die energetische und stoffliche Nutzung von Agrarprodukten eine alternative Markt- und damit auch Einkommensmöglichkeit für die Landwirtschaft. In den Industrieländern bietet der Anbau von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen die Möglichkeit, Überschussproduktionen einzudämmen und Exportsubventionen abzubauen. Damit wird auch deren preissenkender Einfluss auf den Weltmarkt abgebaut. In den Entwicklungsländern könnten sich dadurch Produktionsanreize im Agrarsektor ergeben, die, ausgelöst durch landwirtschaftliche- und außerlandwirtschaftliche Beschäftigungseffekte, eine Armutsreduktion induzieren könnten. Zusätzlich besteht die Möglichkeit, den lokalen Energiebedarf mit ökologisch nachhaltigen Ressourcen zu unterstützen und damit den Kleinbauern neben dem Marktzugang auch die Möglichkeit zur lokalen Veredelung zu bieten. Allerdings würde sich die Situation für Erzeuger in Entwicklungsländern noch zusätzlich verbessern, wenn Industrieländer nicht die Erzeugung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen (NawaRo) subventionieren, sondern auf tarifäre und nichttarifäre Importbarrieren für Agrarprodukte, inklusive der nachwachsenden Rohstoffe, verzichten würden. Im Zusammenhang mit der Förderung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen stellen sich der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit verschiedene Herausforderungen. Um eine breitenwirksame Armutsminderung zu erzielen, muss vor allem die kleinbäuerliche Landwirtschaft unterstützt werden. Hierzu sollten Ansätze verfolgt werden, in denen die bäuerlichen Produktionssysteme, wegen ihrer Beschäftigungseffekte, mit agro-industriellen Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten kombiniert werden. In diesem Zusammenhang besteht die Notwendigkeit und die Möglichkeit, die sozialen (inkl. breitenwirksames Wachstum) und ökologischen (Erhalt und Förderung der natürlichen Ressouren) Bedingungen der Produktion aller Agrarrohstoffe nachhaltig zu gestalten.
Re-parameterization Invariance in Fractional Flux Periodicity
Creators: name: Murakami, Shuichi
name: Sasaki, Ken-ichi
name: Saito, Riichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a common feature of a nontrivial fractional flux periodicity in two-dimensional systems. We demonstrate that an addition of fractional flux can be absorbed into re-parameterization of quantum numbers. For an exact fractional periodicity, all the electronic states undergo the re-parameterization, whereas for an approximate periodicity valid in a large system, only the states near the Fermi level are involved in the re-parameterization.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, final version to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Additional file 1 of Real-time monitoring of bacterial biofilms metabolic activity by a redox-reactive nanosensors array
Creators: name: Yeor-Davidi, Ella
name: Zverzhinetsky, Marina
name: Krivitsky, Vadim
name: Patolsky, Fernando
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: (1) Characterization and calibration of the sensing system; (2) Synthesis of p-type silicon nanowires via chemical vapor deposition; (3) Fabrication of silicon nanowire field-effect-transistor array; (4) Electrical characterization of SiNW devices with the use of a water gate; (5) Scanning electron microscope analysis; (6) Surface modification; (7) Preparation of 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfochloride; (8) Surface modification of SiNW-FET array with 9,10-anthraquinone-2 sulfochloride; (9) Fabrication of the microfluidic channel as a delivery system; (10) Electrical measurements system of SiNW-FET devices; (11) E. coli culture handling; (12) Formation and maintenance of bacterial biofilms; (13) Measurement protocol; (14) Enzymes, cofactors, antibiotics, and metabolites used for metabolic analysis; (15) Error analysis.
SNTA1-deficient human cardiomyocytes demonstrate hypertrophic phenotype and calcium handling disorder
Creators: name: Dong, Tao
name: Zhao, Yan
name: Jin, Hai-Feng
name: Shen, Lei
name: Lin, Yan
name: Si, Long-Long
name: Chen, Li
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: SNTA1-deficient cardiomyocytes
Human embryonic stem cell
SNTA1

description: Background: α-1-syntrophin (SNTA1), a protein encoded by SNTA1, is highly expressed in human cardiomyocytes. Mutations in SNTA1 are associated with arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. Previous research on SNTA1 has been based on non-human cardiomyocytes. This study was designed to identify the phenotype ofSNTA1-deficiency using human cardiomyocytes.

Methods: SNTA1 was knocked out in the H9 embryonic stem cell line using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. H9SNTA1KO cells were then induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes using small molecule inhibitors. The phenotypic discrepancies associated with SNTA1-deficient cardiomyocytes were investigated.

Results: SNTA1 was truncated at the 149th amino acid position of PH1 domain by a stop codon (TGA) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. SNTA1-deficiency did not affect the pluripotency of H9SNTA1KO, and they retain their in vitro ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. However, H9SNTA1KO derived cardiomyocytes exhibited hypertrophic phenotype, lower cardiac contractility, weak calcium transient intensity, and lower level of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Early treatment of SNTA1-deficient cardiomyocytes with ranolazine improved the calcium transient intensity and cardiac contractility.

Conclusion: SNTA1-deficient cardiomyocytes can be used to research the etiology, pathogenesis, and potential therapies for myocardial diseases. The SNTA1-deficient cardiomyocyte model suggests that the maintenance of cardiac calcium homeostasis is a key target in the treatment of myocardial-related diseases.
description: Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaROR ID: https://ror.org/01h0zpd94Award Number: 82174207
Funding provided by: Qiqihar Medical UniversityROR ID: https://ror.org/01kzgyz42Award Number: QMSI2021B-07
Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaROR ID: https://ror.org/01h0zpd94Award Number: Nos.82174207
description: Cardiomyocytes were derived from human embryonic stem cell line H9. The data were obtained on the 30th day after Myocardial differentiation.  

1. Establish knockout embryonic stem cell. 

2. The process of myocardial differentiation.

3. Total RNA was extracted from the cells.

4.mRNA Library Construction.

5. RNA-seq data analysis and Statistics.
The vertical structure of T Tauri accretion disks II. Physical conditions in the disk
Creators: name: Malbet, Fabien
name: Lachaume, Regis
name: Monin, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a self-consistent analytical model for the computation of the physical conditions in a steady quasi-Keplerian accretion disk. The method, based on the thin disk approximation, considers the disk as concentric cylinders in which we treat the vertical transfer as in a plane-parallel medium. The formalism generalizes a work by Hubeny (1990), linking the disk temperature distribution to the local energy dissipation and leads to analytical formulae for the temperature distribution which help to understand the behaviour of the radiation propagated inside the disks. One of the main features of our new model is that it can take into account many heating sources. We apply the method first to two sources: viscous dissipation and stellar irradiation. We show that other heating sources like horizontal transfer or irradiation from the ambiant medium can also be taken into account. Using the analytical formulation in the case of a modified Shakura & Sunyaev radial distribution that allow the accretion rate to be partly self-similar in the inner region, and, for an alpha and beta prescription of the viscosity, we obtain two-dimensional maps of the temperature, pressure and density in the close environment of low mass young stars. We use these maps to derive the observational properties of the disks such as spectral energy distributions, high resolution spatial images or visibilities in order to underline their different behaviours under different input models.
description: latex2e with AMS macros, 14 pages, 10 figures
A historical note on the 3/2-approximation algorithm for the metric traveling salesman problem
Creators: name: van Bevern, René
name: Slugina, Viktoriia A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2; G.2.2; G.2.1; K.2
subject: 90-03

description: One of the most fundamental results in combinatorial optimization is the polynomial-time 3/2-approximation algorithm for the metric traveling salesman problem. It was presented by Christofides in 1976 and is well known as "the Christofides algorithm". Recently, some authors started calling it "Christofides-Serdyukov algorithm", pointing out that it was published independently in the USSR in 1978. We provide some historic background on Serdyukov's findings and a translation of his article from Russian into English.
description: Version accepted to Historia Mathematica
Development and validation of logistic regression models for thrombocytopenia and investigation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients
Creators: name: Verma, Arun Kumar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: PURPOSE Thrombocytopenia, which is common in critically ill patients, can increase bleeding risk or be a clinical sign of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). This investigation: 1) estimated the incidence of, identified explanatory variables at and after admission, and evaluated the performance of predictive models for thrombocytopenia, and 2) estimated the incidence of HIT, and evaluated the predictive performance of a heparin-PF4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosing HIT. METHODS Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150 x 10⁹/L; < 100 x 10⁹/L) for 792 patients admitted to a community hospital combined intensive and coronary care unit (ICU/CCU). ICU/CCU and ICU admission and post-admission models were developed and validated internally using bootstrap re-sampling techniques. Admission models were validated externally using data from 572 ICU patients admitted to a different hospital. HIT diagnosis was based on clinical criteria and a positive ¹⁴C-serotonin release assay (SRA). Specificity and predictive values for the ELISA were estimated in patients who met the clinical criteria for HIT. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-two (17.3%) ICU/CCU patients developed thrombocytopenia (two consecutive counts < 150 x 10⁹/L). Specific predictors were consistently identified for the admission models (APACHE II score, admission diagnosis, and admission platelet count) and post-admission models (admission diagnosis, APACHE II score, admission platelet count, fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cell transfusions). These models demonstrated excellent discriminating ability that was supported by internal validation. On external validation, the admission models demonstrated acceptable to excellent discriminating ability, but there was a tendency to over-predict at higher probabilities. HIT incidence was 0.39% (95% CI, 0.01% to 2.1%). Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) ofthe ELISA were 10% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Thrombocytopenia, in critically ill patients, appears to be multi-factorial. Logistic regression models could be used to identify patients at higher risk of bleeding, and to rule out HIT prior to diagnostic testing in a subset of ICU/CCU patients who meet the clinical criteria for this syndrome. ELISA testing could then be used to rule out HIT in the remaining patients who meet the clinical criteria, thus reducing the proportion of patients requiring a change in therapy.
Leidenfrost drop impact on inclined superheated substrates
Creators: name: Wang, Yujie
name: Bouhali, Ayoub El
name: Lyu, Sijia
name: Yu, Lu
name: Hao, Yue
name: Zuo, Zhigang
name: Liu, Shuhong
name: Sun, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In real applications, drops always impact on solid walls with various inclinations. For the oblique impact of a Leidenfrost drop, which has a vapor layer under its bottom surface to prevent its direct contact with the superheated substrate, the drop can nearly frictionlessly slide along the substrate accompanied by the spreading and the retracting. To individually study these processes, we experimentally observe ethanol drops impact on superheated inclined substrates using high-speed imaging from two different views synchronously. We first study the dynamic Leidenfrost temperature, which mainly depends on the normal Weber number ${We}_\perp $. Then the substrate temperature is set to be high enough to study the Leidenfrost drop behaviors. During the spreading process, drops always keep uniform. And the maximum spreading factor $D_m/D_0$ follows a power-law dependence on the large normal Weber number ${We}_\perp $ as $D_m/D_0 = \sqrt{We_\perp /12+2}$ for $We_\perp \geq 30$. During the retracting process, drops with low impact velocities become non-uniform due to the gravity effect. For the sliding process, the residence time of all studied drops is nearly a constant, which is not affected by the inclination and $We$ number. The frictionless vapor layer results in the dimensionless sliding distance $L/D_0$ follows a power-law dependence on the parallel Weber number $We_\parallel$ as $L/D_0 \propto We_\parallel^{1/2}$. Without direct contact with the substrate, the behaviors of drops can be separately determined by ${We}_\perp $ and $We_\parallel$. When the impact velocity is too high, the drop fragments into many tiny droplets, which is called the splashing phenomenon. The critical splashing criterion is found to be $We_\perp ^*\simeq$ 120 or $K_\perp = We_\perp Re_\perp^{1/2} \simeq$ 5300 in the current parameter regime.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, 31 references
Magnetically Controlled Spasmodic Accretion During Star Formation. II. Results
Creators: name: Tassis, Konstantinos
name: Mouschovias, Telemachos Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of the late accretion phase of the evolution of an axisymmetric, isothermal magnetic disk surrounding a forming star has been formulated in a companion paper. The "central sink approximation" is used to circumvent the problem of describing the evolution inside the opaque central region for densities greater than 10^11 cm^-3 and radii smaller than a few AUs. Only the electrons are assumed to be attached to the magnetic field lines, and the effects of both negatively and positively charged grains are accounted for. After a mass of 0.1 solar mass accumulates in the central cell (forming star), a series of magnetically driven outflows and associated outward propagating shocks form in a quasi-periodic fashion. As a result, mass accretion onto the protostar occurs in magnetically controlled bursts. We refer to this process as spasmodic accretion. The shocks propagate outward with supermagnetosonic speeds. The period of dissipation and revival of the outflow decreases in time, as the mass accumulated in the central sink increases. We evaluate the contribution of ambipolar diffusion to the resolution of the magnetic flux problem of star formation during the accretion phase, and we find it to be very significant although not sufficient to resolve the entire problem yet. Ohmic dissipation is completely negligible in the disk during this phase of the evolution. The protostellar disk is found to be stable against interchange-like instabilities, despite the fact that the mass-to-flux ratio has temporary local maxima.
description: Astrophysical Journal, in press. 29 pages, 13 figures
Impacts of the flat rates and digressive schemes on the distribution of Direct Payments in the EU
Creators: name: Kleinhanss, Werner
name: Kleinhanss, Werner
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: CAP
subject: Direct Payments
subject: Decoupling
subject: Modulation
subject: FADN

description: The Mid-Term Review and the Health Check reforms of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) include numerous options for national implementation of the Single Payment Scheme. After the far-reaching decoupling of Direct Payments, a further reform of the Common Agricultural Policy is necessary with respect to the financial guidelines to be established for the period after 2013. Referring to Germany, the principles of the hybrid and regional models and their effects on the distribution of Direct Payments are shown. With regard to future CAP, the impacts of alternative payment options are analysed based on farm individual FADN data of EU-27. Options of digressive premium schemes, including capping with regard to labour input and regionalised or EU-wide flat rates are analysed.
Stings in the tails: Detecting and dealing with censored data
Creators: name: Conroy, Ronan M.
name: Conroy, Ronan M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: censored data
subject: diagnostic plots
subject: intreg

description: Variables often show evidence of clustering at extreme values and of graininess, that is, of a limited number of distinct values. Scores on two subscales of a quality-of-life measure, traditionally analyzed with OLS regression or ANOVA models, provide examples. Ignoring or failing to detect such features of the data will result in poor estimates of effect size.