cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Local structure of percolating gels at very low volume fractions
Creators: name: Griffiths, Samuel
name: Turci, Francesco
name: Royall, C. Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of colloidal gels is strongly dependent on the volume fraction of the system and the strength of the interactions between the colloids. Here we explore very dilute solutions by the means of numerical simulations, and show that, in the absence of hydrodynamic interactions and for sufficiently strong interactions, percolating colloidal gels can be realised at very low values of the volume fraction. Characterising the structure of the network of the arrested material we find that, when reducing the volume fraction, the gels are dominated by low-energy local structures, analogous to the isolated clusters of the interaction potential. Changing the strength of the interaction allows us to tune the compactness of the gel as characterised by the fractal dimension, with low interaction strength favouring more chain-like structures.
Collaborative education for transformation : strategies for rural sustainability
Creators: name: Sheil, Helen Jean
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
The Return of the King: No-Scale ${\cal F}$-$SU(5)$
Creators: name: Li, Tianjun
name: Maxin, James A.
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the viable parameter space in No-Scale ${\cal F}$-$SU(5)$, examining the Grand Unified Theory within the context of the prevailing gluino mass limits established by the LHC. The satisfaction of both the No-Scale boundary condition and the experimentally measured Standard Model (SM) like Higgs boson mass requires a lower limit on the gluino mass in the model space of about 1.9 TeV, which maybe not coincidentally is the current LHC supersymmetry search bound. This offers a plausible explanation as to why a supersymmetry signal has thus far not been observed at the LHC. On the contrary, since the vector-like flippon particles are relatively heavy due to the strict condition that the supersymmetry breaking soft term $B_μ$ must vanish at the unification scale, we also cannot address the recently vanished 750 GeV diphoton resonance at the 13 TeV LHC. Therefore, No-Scale ${\cal F}$-$SU(5)$ returns as a King after the spurious 750 GeV diphoton excess was gone with the wind.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1602.01377
An interface-tracking space-time hybridizable/embedded discontinuous Galerkin method for nonlinear free-surface flows
Creators: name: Jones, Giselle Sosa
name: Rhebergen, Sander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a compatible space-time hybridizable/embedded discontinuous Galerkin discretization for nonlinear free-surface waves. We pose this problem in a two-fluid (liquid and gas) domain and use a time-dependent level-set function to identify the sharp interface between the two fluids. The incompressible two-fluidd equations are discretized by an exactly mass conserving space-time hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method while the level-set equation is discretized by a space-time embedded discontinuous Galerkin method. Different from alternative discontinuous Galerkin methods is that the embedded discontinuous Galerkin method results in a continuous approximation of the interface. This, in combination with the space-time framework, results in an interface-tracking method without resorting to smoothing techniques or additional mesh stabilization terms.
Combined Nucleosynthetic Yields of Multiple First Stars
Creators: name: Chan, Conrad
name: Heger, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern numerical simulations of the formation of the first stars predict that the first stars formed in multiples. In those cases, the chemical yields of multiple supernova explosions may have contributed to the formation of a next generation star. We match the chemical abundances of the oldest observed stars in the universe to a database of theoretical supernova models, to show that it is likely that the first stars formed from the ashes of two or more progenitors.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, NIC 2016 Conference Proceedings
Correlation Estimation in Hybrid Systems
Creators: name: Law, Baron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A simple method is proposed to estimate the instantaneous correlations between state variables in a hybrid system from the empirical correlations between observable market quantities such as spot rate, stock price and implied volatility. The new algorithm is extremely fast since only low-dimension linear systems are involved. If the resulting matrix from the linear systems is not positive semidefinite, the shrinking method, which requires only bisection-style iterations, is recommended to convert the matrix to positive semidefinite. The square of short-term at-the-money implied volatility is suggested as the proxy for the unobservable stochastic variance. When the implied volatility is not available, a simple trick is provided to fill in the missing correlations. Numerical study shows that the estimates are reasonably accurate, when using more than 1,000 data points. In addition, the algorithm is robust to misspecified interest rate model parameters and the short-sampling-period assumption. G2++ and Heston are used for illustration but the method can be extended to other affine term structure, local volatility and jump diffusion models, with or without stochastic interest rate.
Dynamic Embedding Size Search with Minimum Regret for Streaming Recommender System
Creators: name: He, Bowei
name: He, Xu
name: Zhang, Renrui
name: Zhang, Yingxue
name: Tang, Ruiming
name: Ma, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the continuous increase of users and items, conventional recommender systems trained on static datasets can hardly adapt to changing environments. The high-throughput data requires the model to be updated in a timely manner for capturing the user interest dynamics, which leads to the emergence of streaming recommender systems. Due to the prevalence of deep learning-based recommender systems, the embedding layer is widely adopted to represent the characteristics of users, items, and other features in low-dimensional vectors. However, it has been proved that setting an identical and static embedding size is sub-optimal in terms of recommendation performance and memory cost, especially for streaming recommendations. To tackle this problem, we first rethink the streaming model update process and model the dynamic embedding size search as a bandit problem. Then, we analyze and quantify the factors that influence the optimal embedding sizes from the statistics perspective. Based on this, we propose the \textbf{D}ynamic \textbf{E}mbedding \textbf{S}ize \textbf{S}earch (\textbf{DESS}) method to minimize the embedding size selection regret on both user and item sides in a non-stationary manner. Theoretically, we obtain a sublinear regret upper bound superior to previous methods. Empirical results across two recommendation tasks on four public datasets also demonstrate that our approach can achieve better streaming recommendation performance with lower memory cost and higher time efficiency.
description: Accepted for publication on CIKM2023
First-principles calculations that clarify energetics and reactions of oxygen adsorption and carbon desorption on 4H-SiC ($11\bar20$) surface
Creators: name: Li, Han
name: Matsushita, Yu-ichiro
name: Boero, Mauro
name: Oshiyama, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report static and dynamic first-principles calculations that provide atomistic pictures of the initial stage of the oxidation processes occurring at the ($11\bar20$) surface of 4H-SiC. Our results unveil reaction pathways and their associated free-energy barriers for the adsorption of oxygen and the desorption of carbon atoms. We find that oxygen adsorption shows structural multi-stability and that the surface-bridge sites are the most stable and crucial sites for subsequent oxidation. We find that an approaching O$_2$ molecule is adsorbed, then dissociated and finally migrates toward these surface-bridge sites with a free-energy barrier of 0.7 eV at the ($11\bar20$) surface. We also find that a CO molecule is desorbed from the metastable oxidized structure upon the overcoming of a free-energy barrier of 2.4$\sim$2.6 eV, thus constituting one of the annihilation process of C during the oxidation. The results of the CO molecule desorption on the ($11\bar20$) surface are compared with the ($000\bar1$) surface. A catalytic effect of dangling bonds at the surface, causing a drastic reduction of the CO desorption energy, is found on the ($000\bar1$) surface and the microscopic picture of the effect is ascribed to an electron transfer from the Si to C dangling bonds. The intrinsic ($11\bar20$) surface does not show this catalytic effect, and this is because the surface consists of an equal amount of Si and C dangling bonds and the electron transfer occurs before the desorption.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Hypertext and historical literacy : is this history or is this IT?
Creators: name: [sic.], Dianne C. Mc Donald
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Supplementary data for "Immunomodulatory effects of metformin treatment in pregnant women with PCOS"
Creators: name: Ryssdal, Mariell
name: Vanky, Eszter
name: Stokkeland, Live Marie T.
name: Jarmund, Anders Hagen
name: Steinkjer, Bjørg
name: Løvvik, Tone Shetelig
name: Madssen, Torfinn Støve
name: Iversen, Ann-Charlotte
name: Giskeødegård, Guro F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Endocrinology
Obstetrics and gynaecology
Bioassays
Immunology not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental data for JCEM.
Dualities in one-dimensional quantum lattice models: symmetric Hamiltonians and matrix product operator intertwiners
Creators: name: Lootens, Laurens
name: Delcamp, Clement
name: Ortiz, Gerardo
name: Verstraete, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic recipe for generating and classifying duality transformations in one-dimensional quantum lattice systems. Our construction emphasizes the role of global symmetries, including those described by (non)-abelian groups but also more general categorical symmetries. These symmetries can be realized as matrix product operators which allow the extraction of a fusion category that characterizes the algebra of all symmetric operators commuting with the symmetry. Known as the bond algebra, its explicit realizations are classified by module categories over the fusion category. A duality is then defined by a pair of distinct module categories giving rise to dual realizations of the bond algebra, as well as dual Hamiltonians. Symmetries of dual models are in general distinct but satisfy a categorical Morita equivalence. A key novelty of our categorical approach is the explicit construction of matrix product operators that intertwine dual bond algebra realizations at the level of the Hilbert space, and in general map local order operators to non-local string-order operators. We illustrate this approach for known dualities such as Kramers-Wannier, Jordan-Wigner, Kennedy-Tasaki and the IRF-vertex correspondence, a new duality of the $t$-$J_z$ chain model, and dualities in models with the exotic Haagerup symmetry. Finally, we comment on generalizations to higher dimensions.
description: 21 pages, v4: additional example, expanded discussion
Maximizing positive opinion influence using an evidential approach
Creators: name: Jendoubi, Siwar
name: Martin, Arnaud
name: Liétard, Ludovic
name: Hadji, Hend
name: Yaghlane, Boutheina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a new data based model for influence maximization in online social networks. We use the theory of belief functions to overcome the data imperfection problem. Besides, the proposed model searches to detect influencer users that adopt a positive opinion about the product, the idea, etc, to be propagated. Moreover, we present some experiments to show the performance of our model.
The effects of certain personal and situational variables on the acquisition sequence of graphical interpretation skills
Creators: name: Linke, Russell Dean
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Distribution of star formation rates during the rapid assembly of NGC 1399 as deduced from its globular cluster system
Creators: name: Schulz, C.
name: Hilker, M.
name: Kroupa, P.
name: Pflamm-Altenburg, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) share many properties with globular clusters (GCs) and are found in similar environments. A large sample of UCDs and GCs around NGC 1399, the central giant elliptical of the Fornax galaxy cluster, is used to infer their formation history and also that of NGC 1399. We assumed that all GCs and UCDs in our sample are star clusters (SCs) and used them as tracers of past star formation activities. After correcting our GC/UCD sample for mass loss, we interpreted their overall mass function to be a superposition of SC populations that formed coevally during different times. The SC masses of each population were distributed according to the embedded cluster mass function (ECMF), a pure power law with the slope $-β$ and a stellar upper mass limit, $M_{\mathrm{max}}$, which depended on the star formation rate (SFR). We decomposed the observed GC/UCD mass function into individual SC populations and converted $M_{\mathrm{max}}$ of each SC population to an SFR. The overall distribution of SFRs reveals how the GC/UCD sample formed. Considering the age of the GCs/UCDs and the present stellar mass of NGC 1399, we found that the formation of the GCs/UCDs can be well explained for $β<2.3$. This agrees very well with the observation in young SCs where $β\approx2.0$ is usually found. Even if taking into account that some of the most massive objects might not be genuine SCs and applying different corrections for the mass loss, the outcome is not influenced much. We found peak SFRs between approximately 300 and 3000 $M_{\odot}\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, which matches the SFRs observed in massive high-$z$ sub-mm galaxies and an SFR estimate inferred from NGC 1399 based on "downsizing", i.e. more massive galaxies must have formed over shorter times. Our results suggest that NGC 1399 and its GC/UCD system formed in an early, short, and intense starburst.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 17 pages, 6 figures
Corrigendum: "On the dynamics of the Meissner effect", arXiv:1508.03307, Phys. Scr. 91, 035801 (2016)
Creators: name: Hirsch, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper erroneously assumed that the normal carriers giving rise to the backflow could be either electrons or holes.
description: The referee's entire report after 2 months of pondering this Corrigendum was "This is a relatively minor erratum". Instead, the author believes this is an absolutely major erratum. The reader should judge for him/herself
Negative activation energy and dielectric signatures of excitons and excitonic Mott transitions in quantum confined laser structures
Creators: name: Bhunia, Amit
name: Bansal, Kanika
name: Henini, Mohamed
name: Alshammari, Marzook S.
name: Datta, Shouvik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mostly, optical spectroscopies are used to investigate the physics of excitons, whereas their electrical evidences are hardly explored. Here, we examined a forward bias activated differential capacitance response of GaInP-AlGaInP based multi-quantum well laser diodes to trace the presence of excitons using electrical measurements. Occurrence of negative activation energy after light emission is understood as thermodynamical signature of steady state excitonic population under intermediate range of carrier injections. Similar corroborative results are also observed in an InGaAs-GaAs quantum dot laser structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. With increasing biases, the measured differential capacitance response slowly vanishes. This represents gradual Mott transition of an excitonic phase into an electron-hole plasma in a GaInP-AlGaInP laser diode. This is further substantiated by more and more exponentially looking shapes of high energy tails in electroluminescence spectra with increasing forward bias, which originates from a growing non-degenerate population of free electrons and holes. Such an experimental correlation between electrical and optical properties of excitons can be used to advance the next generation excitonic devices.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures
EMPIRICS, SCIENCE, AESTHETICS: ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT’S ORIGINAL APPROACH TO NATURE
Creators: name: Frigo, Gian Franco
Publisher: name: BELS - Bulletin of Enviromental and Life Sciences
Year: 2020

description: Empirics, science, aesthetics: Alexander von Humboldt’s original approach to Nature
description: BELS - Bulletin of Enviromental and Life Sciences, V. 2, N. 1 (2020): VON HUMBOLDT DAY - GENOA
Simulation of crumpled sheets via alternating quasistatic and dynamic representations
Creators: name: Andrejevic, Jovana
name: Rycroft, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we present a method for simulating the large-scale deformation and crumpling of thin, elastoplastic sheets. Motivated by the physical behavior of thin sheets during crumpling, two different formulations of the governing equations of motion are used: (1) a quasistatic formulation that effectively describes smooth deformations, and (2) a fully dynamic formulation that captures large changes in the sheet's velocity. The former is a differential-algebraic system of equations integrated implicitly in time, while the latter is a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) integrated explicitly. We adopt a hybrid integration scheme to adaptively alternate between the quasistatic and dynamic representations as appropriate. We demonstrate the capacity of this method to effectively simulate a variety of crumpling phenomena. Finally, we show that statistical properties, notably the accumulation of creases under repeated loading, as well as the area distribution of facets, are consistent with experimental observations.
description: 50 pages (27 main text, 23 appendix), 10 figures
Initial development of English language teachers in Mexico
Creators: name: del Carmen Brenes Carvajal, Marlene Gerardina
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This research focuses on the analysis of the beliefs of pre-service Mexican student-teachers from a public university in central Mexico who have learned English as adolescents or young adults. Specifically, it examines their beliefs about teaching and about themselves as English teachers in different stages of initial professional development. The participants reflected on their experiences as English language learners, students, teaching practicum students and as first year teachers in a follow up study. -- This thesis is composed of three studies that are linked by involving the same participants. The studies follow these participants through different stages in their initial development as teachers.The research is set within the qualitative research paradigm and draws on qualitative data and interpretive analysis. The data were retrieved using the following procedures: autobiographies, a focus group interview, journals, personal interviews and short narratives. -- Responses to the following research questions emerged through the different stages of this thesis. 1. What initial beliefs do pre-service and beginning students hold about being a teacher? 2. Do these beliefs evolve or change during the initial stages of their teacher development? 3. Do their experiences during their initial stages of their development influence their beliefs? -- There is little research on English language teacher beliefs in Mexico. It is considered that research in this area can contribute to the understanding of the processes of what English language teachers' beliefs are and how they evolve or develop over time and the influences that they may have on the actual teaching process. This research may contribute to bring to the attention of English language teacher preparation programs the necessity of providing opportunities for student-teachers to unpack their beliefs and reflect and view them in the light of the courses and their practice in order to create an understanding of the Mexican educational context of which they will be a part.
Professional development : one school's experience
Creators: name: Isaacs, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
“Not everything is Sargassum”: Learning from a marine-coastal citizen science Project: Research instruments and workshop outline
Creators: name: Benavides Lahnstein, Ana I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 410403
subject: Environmental education and extension
classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Research instruments used for the educational research and introductory workshop outline of the marine coastal citizen science project Ciencia en Acción.
Belinskaya's theorem is optimal
Creators: name: Carderi, Alessandro
name: Joseph, Matthieu
name: Maître, François Le
name: Tessera, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 37A05, Secondary 37A15

description: Belinskaya's theorem states that given an ergodic measure-preserving transformation, any other transformation with the same orbits and an $\mathrm{L}^1$ cocycle must be flip-conjugate to it. Our main result shows that this theorem is optimal: for all $p<1$ the integrability condition on the cocycle cannot be relaxed to being in $\mathrm{L}^p$. This also allows us to answer a question of Kerr and Li: for ergodic measure-preserving transformations, Shannon orbit equivalence doesn't boil down to flip-conjugacy.
description: Some more fixes in the appendix; added a reference to M. Joseph's thesis in Remark 3.4. Final final version matching the online first version in Fundamenta Mathematicae
Career education and career maturity
Creators: name: Trebilco, Geoffrey Renton
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
"The Emergence of a Cascading X-Risks Paradigm Steeped in Transdisciplinarity"
Creators: name: Undheim, Trond Arne
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: existential risk
AI risk
biorisk
planetary boundaries
policy
scenarios

description: Existential risks (X-risks) present humankind with an ever more pressing set of challenges. As X-risk studies broadens beyond philosophy, becoming integral to fields such as social science, public health, engineering, and the sciences, cascading X-risks come into focus. Cascading risks, particularly potential interactions among acknowledged X-risks imply that cascades of “merely'' catastrophic risks could combine to jeopardize the foundations of human society. The conclusion I draw from the 2023 SERI X-risks conference is that we can and must begin to describe the essential features of such a paradigm. In so doing, I position risk as constitutive to society—with inequality, transdisciplinarity, and governance emerging as key challenges. A transdisciplinary lens creates opportunities to achieve real-world impact at scale. Yet, how to de-risk the evolution of such cascading potential is not yet clear. A formidable challenge arises: regular political discourse may not possess the tools, processes, or frameworks to accomodate the new framing. A lingering observation, in need of validation, is whether cascading X-risks present governance challenges that constitute a more wicked problem than understanding the potential of the emerging technologies that, to a large extent, created the challenges in the first place.
Anomalous Dynamical Behavior of Freestanding Graphene Membranes
Creators: name: Ackerman, M. L.
name: Kumar, P.
name: Neek-Amal, M.
name: Thibado, P. M.
name: Peeters, F. M.
name: Singh, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report subnanometer, high-bandwidth measurements of the out-of-plane (vertical) motion of atoms in freestanding graphene using scanning tunneling microscopy. By tracking the vertical position over a long time period, a 1000-fold increase in the ability to measure space-time dynamics of atomically thin membranes is achieved over the current state-of-the-art imaging technologies. We observe that the vertical motion of a graphene membrane exhibits rare long-scale excursions characterized by both anomalous mean-squared displacements and Cauchy-Lorentz power law jump distributions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Three women : phenomenological interpretation using intuitive statistical analysis
Creators: name: Taylor, Diana S.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Massive quiescent galaxies at $z\sim3$: a comparison of selection, stellar population and structural properties with simulation predictions
Creators: name: Lustig, Peter
name: Strazzullo, Veronica
name: Remus, Rhea-Silvia
name: D'Eugenio, Chiara
name: Daddi, Emanuele
name: Burkert, Andreas
name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Delvecchio, Ivan
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Fontanot, Fabio
name: Gobat, Raphael
name: Mohr, Joseph J.
name: Onodera, Masato
name: Pannella, Maurilio
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stellar population and structural properties of massive $\log(M_{\star} / M_{\odot}) >11$ galaxies at $z\sim 2.7$ in the Magneticum and IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulations and GAEA semi-analytic model. We find stellar mass functions broadly consistent with observations, with no scarcity of massive, quiescent galaxies at $z\sim 2.7$, but with a higher quiescent galaxy fraction at high masses in IllustrisTNG. Average ages of simulated quiescent galaxies are between $\sim 0.8$ and 1.0 Gyr, older by a factor $\sim 2$ than observed in spectroscopically-confirmed quiescent galaxies at similar redshift. Besides being potentially indicative of limitations of simulations in reproducing observed star formation histories, this discrepancy may also reflect limitations in the estimation of observed ages. We investigate the purity of simulated UVJ rest-frame color-selected massive quiescent samples with photometric uncertainties typical of deep surveys (e.g., COSMOS). We find evidence for significant contamination (up to 60 percent) by dusty star-forming galaxies in the UVJ region that is typically populated by older quiescent sources. Furthermore, the completeness of UVJ-selected quiescent samples at this redshift may be reduced by 30 percent due to a high fraction of young quiescent galaxies not entering the UVJ quiescent region. Massive, quiescent galaxies in simulations have on average lower angular momenta and higher projected axis ratios and concentrations than star-forming counterparts. Average sizes of simulated quiescent galaxies are broadly consistent with observations within the uncertainties. The average size ratio of quiescent and star-forming galaxies in the probed mass range is formally consistent with observations, although this result is partly affected by poor statistics.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Supplement Figures from A diversified and segregated mRNA spliced-leader system in the parasitic Perkinsozoa
Creators: name: Alacid, Elisabet
name: Irwin, Nicholas A. T.
name: Smilansky, Vanessa
name: Milner, David S.
name: Kilias, Estelle S.
name: Leonard, Guy
name: Richards, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Spliced-leader trans-splicing (SLTS) has been described in distantly related eukaryotes and acts to mark mRNAs with a short 5′ exon, giving different mRNAs identical 5′ sequence-signatures. The function of these systems is obscure. The Perkinsozoa encompasses a diversity of parasitic protists that infect bivalves, toxic-tide dinoflagellates, fish and frog tadpoles. Here, we report considerable sequence variation in the SLTS-system across the Perkinsozoa and find that multiple variant SLTS-systems are encoded in parallel in the important Perkinsozoa parasite Parvilucifera sinerae. These results demonstrate that the transcriptome of P. sinerae is segregated based on the addition of different spliced-leader (SL) exons. This segregation marks different gene categories, suggesting that SL-segregation relates to functional differentiation of the transcriptome. By contrast, both sets of gene categories are present in the single SL-transcript type sampled from Maranthos, implying that the SL-segregation of the Parvilucifera transcriptome is a recent evolutionary innovation. Furthermore, we show that the SLTS-system marks a subsection of the transcriptome with increased mRNA abundance and includes genes that encode the spliceosome system necessary for SLTS-function. Collectively, these data provide a picture of how the SLTS-systems can vary within a major evolutionary group and identify how transcriptional-complexity can be achieved through SL-segregation.
Structural transformations in Cu, Ag, and Au metal nanoclusters
Creators: name: Settem, Manoj
name: Roncaglia, Cesare
name: Ferrando, Riccardo
name: Giacomello, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite-temperature structures of Cu, Ag, and Au metal nanoclusters are calculated in the entire temperature range from 0 K to melting using a computational methodology that we proposed recently [Settem \emph{et al.}, Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 939]. In this method, Harmonic Superposition Approximation (HSA) and Parallel Tempering Molecular Dynamics (PTMD) are combined in a complementary manner. HSA is accurate at low temperatures and fails at higher temperatures. PTMD, on the other hand, effectively samples the high temperature region and melting. This method is used to study the size- and system-dependent competition between various structural motifs of Cu, Ag, and Au nanoclusters in the size range 1 to 2 nm. Results show that there are mainly three types of structural changes in metal nanoclusters depending on whether a solid-solid transformation occurs. In the first type, global minimum is the dominant motif in the entire temperature range. In contrast, when a solid-solid transformation occurs, the global minimum transforms either completely to a different motif or partially resulting in a co-existence of multiple motifs. Finally, nanocluster structures are analyzed to highlight the system-specific differences across the three metals.
description: The following article has been accepted by Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0159257. Accepted version of the manuscript (along with supplementary material) consists of 32 pages, 11 figures
Post-superhumps maximum on intranight time scales of the AM CVn star CR Boo
Creators: name: Boneva, Daniela
name: Latev, Georgi
name: Boeva, Svetlana
name: Yankova, Krasimira
name: Zamanov, Radoslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of the intranight brightness variability of CR Boo, a member of the AM CVn stars group. The observational data are obtained with the 2m telescope of the Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory and the 60 cm telescope of the Belogradchik Observatory, Bulgaria, in BVR bands. We report the appearance of superhumps, with an amplitude from 0.08 to 0.25 mag, when the maximum brightness reaches the magnitude 14.08 in the V band, and 14.13 in the B band. A secondary maximum of each superhump is detected with the same periodicity as the superhumps: Psh = 24.76 - 24.92 min. In our results, the post maxima are shifted in time from $\approx 7.62$ min to $\approx 16.35$ min in different nights, with an amplitude of $\approx 0.06 - 0.09$ mag and an amplitude difference of $\approx 0.035$ mag towards the superhumps' maximum. We find a correlation of the post maxima with the accretion processes at the outer side of the disc.
Hybrid Digital Twin Architecture for Power System Cyber Security Analysis
Creators: name: Bala Krishnan, Sivaneasan
name: Ayyalusamy, Vijayakumar
name: Kandasamy, NK
name: Xiao, J.F.
name: Abidi K
name: Chandra, A.
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cyberphysical systems and internet of things
Electrical energy transmission, networks and systems

description: This paper presents a world-first highly configurable, low cost and scalable hybrid digital twin (HDT) established using single board computers to mimic the smart grid physical components and communication network with high fidelity. The HDT system emulates the smart grid cyber-physical system using MATLAB-SIMULINK model (digital) and single board computers (physical). The HDT architecture and communication system design including the network segmentation using configurable network switch and communication protocol using Node-Redis described in detail. The performance of the HDT communication system in terms of round trip time between the digital and physical models and within network components in the physical model is also studied. The development of the HDT will provide a new platform to study the cyber-security vulnerabilities in smart grids and other cyber-physlcal systems.
First-principles approach to excitons in time-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectra
Creators: name: Perfetto, E.
name: Sangalli, D.
name: Marini, A.
name: Stefanucci, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that any {\em quasi-particle} or GW approximation to the self-energy does not capture excitonic features in time-resolved (TR) photoemission spectroscopy. In this work we put forward a first-principles approach and propose a feasible diagrammatic approximation to solve this problem. We also derive an alternative formula for the TR photocurrent which involves a single time-integral of the lesser Green's function. The diagrammatic approximation applies to the {\em relaxed} regime characterized by the presence of quasi-stationary excitons and vanishing polarization. The main distinctive feature of the theory is that the diagrams must be evaluated using {\em excited} Green's functions. As this is not standard the analytic derivation is presented in detail. The final result is an expression for the lesser Green's function in terms of quantities that can all be calculated {\em ab initio}. The validity of the proposed theory is illustrated in a one-dimensional model system with a direct gap. We discuss possible scenarios and highlight some universal features of the exciton peaks. Our results indicate that the exciton dispersion can be observed in TR {\em and} angle-resolved photoemission.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Construction of a bi-infinite power free word with a given factor and a non-recurrent letter
Creators: name: Rukavicka, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68R15

description: Let $L_{k,α}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ denote the set of all bi-infinite $α$-power free words over an alphabet with $k$ letters, where $α$ is a positive rational number and $k$ is positive integer. We prove that if $α\geq 5$, $k\geq 3$, $v\in L_{k,α}^{\mathbb{Z}}$, and $w$ is a finite factor of $v$, then there are $\widetilde v\in L_{k,α}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ and a letter $x$ such that $w$ is a factor of $\widetilde v$ and $x$ has only a finitely many occurrences in $\widetilde v$.
Computationally Efficient Worst-Case Analysis of Flow-Controlled Networks with Network Calculus
Creators: name: Zippo, Raffaele
name: Stea, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Networks with hop-by-hop flow control occur in several contexts, from data centers to systems architectures (e.g., wormhole-routing networks on chip). A worst-case end-to-end delay in such networks can be computed using Network Calculus (NC), an algebraic theory where traffic and service guarantees are represented as curves in a Cartesian plane. NC uses transformation operations, e.g., the min-plus convolution, to model how the traffic profile changes with the traversal of network nodes. NC allows one to model flow-controlled systems, hence one can compute the end-to-end service curve describing the minimum service guaranteed to a flow traversing a tandem of flow-controlled nodes. However, while the algebraic expression of such an end-to-end service curve is quite compact, its computation is often intractable from an algorithmic standpoint: data structures tend to grow quickly to unfeasibly large sizes, making operations intractable, even with as few as three hops. In this paper, we propose computational and algebraic techniques to mitigate the above problem. We show that existing techniques (such as reduction to compact domains) cannot be used in this case, and propose an arsenal of solutions, which include methods to mitigate the data representation space explosion as well as computationally efficient algorithms for the min-plus convolution operation. We show that our solutions allow a significant speedup, enable analysis of previously unfeasible case studies, and -- since they do not rely on any approximation -- still provide exact results.
description: 27 pages, 33 figures
Neuromorphic Seatbelt State Detection for In-Cabin Monitoring with Event Cameras
Creators: name: Kielty, Paul
name: Ryan, Cian
name: Dilmaghani, Mehdi Sefidgar
name: Shariff, Waseem
name: Lemley, Joe
name: Corcoran, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neuromorphic vision sensors, or event cameras, differ from conventional cameras in that they do not capture images at a specified rate. Instead, they asynchronously log local brightness changes at each pixel. As a result, event cameras only record changes in a given scene, and do so with very high temporal resolution, high dynamic range, and low power requirements. Recent research has demonstrated how these characteristics make event cameras extremely practical sensors in driver monitoring systems (DMS), enabling the tracking of high-speed eye motion and blinks. This research provides a proof of concept to expand event-based DMS techniques to include seatbelt state detection. Using an event simulator, a dataset of 108,691 synthetic neuromorphic frames of car occupants was generated from a near-infrared (NIR) dataset, and split into training, validation, and test sets for a seatbelt state detection algorithm based on a recurrent convolutional neural network (CNN). In addition, a smaller set of real event data was collected and reserved for testing. In a binary classification task, the fastened/unfastened frames were identified with an F1 score of 0.989 and 0.944 on the simulated and real test sets respectively. When the problem extended to also classify the action of fastening/unfastening the seatbelt, respective F1 scores of 0.964 and 0.846 were achieved.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, IMVIP 2023
Projected Axis Ratios of Galaxy Clusters in the Horizon-AGN Simulation: Impact of Baryon Physics and Comparison with Observations
Creators: name: Suto, Daichi
name: Peirani, Sebastien
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Kitayama, Tetsu
name: Nishimichi, Takahiro
name: Sasaki, Shin
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the non-sphericity of galaxy clusters by the projected axis ratio of spatial distribution of star, dark matter, and X-ray surface brightness (XSB). We select 40 simulated groups and clusters of galaxies with mass larger than 5E13 Msun from the Horizon simulation that fully incorporates the relevant baryon physics, in particular, the AGN feedback. We find that the baryonic physics around the central region of galaxy clusters significantly affects the non-sphericity of dark matter distribution even beyond the central region, approximately up to the half of the virial radius. Therefore it is very difficult to predict the the probability density function (PDF) of the projected axis ratio of XSB from dark-matter only N-body simulations as attempted in previous studies. Indeed we find that the PDF derived from our simulated clusters exhibits much better agreement with that from the observed X-ray clusters. This indicates that our present methodology to estimate the non-sphericity directly from the Horizon simulation is useful and promising. Further improvements in both numerical modeling and observational data will establish the non-sphericity of clusters as a cosmological test complementary to more conventional statistics based on spherically averaged quantities.
description: 23 pages, 31 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Supplemental material revision.pdf
Creators: name: Bursac, Nenad
name: Needs, Daniel
name: Wu, Tianyu
name: Nguyen, Hung
name: Henriquez, Craig S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400306
subject: Computational physiology

description: This is supplemental materials file containing additional methods, figures, and tables for the article "Prokaryotic Voltage-gated Sodium Channels are More Effective than Endogenous Nav1.5 Channels in Rescuing Cardiac Action Potential Conduction: An in Silico Study" published in AJP Heart&Circ Physiol 2023.
Covariate-Assisted Bayesian Graph Learning for Heterogeneous Data
Creators: name: Niu, Yabo
name: Ni, Yang
name: Pati, Debdeep
name: Mallick, Bani K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a traditional Gaussian graphical model, data homogeneity is routinely assumed with no extra variables affecting the conditional independence. In modern genomic datasets, there is an abundance of auxiliary information, which often gets under-utilized in determining the joint dependency structure. In this article, we consider a Bayesian approach to model undirected graphs underlying heterogeneous multivariate observations with additional assistance from covariates. Building on product partition models, we propose a novel covariate-dependent Gaussian graphical model that allows graphs to vary with covariates so that observations whose covariates are similar share a similar undirected graph. To efficiently embed Gaussian graphical models into our proposed framework, we explore both Gaussian likelihood and pseudo-likelihood functions. For Gaussian likelihood, a G-Wishart distribution is used as a natural conjugate prior, and for the pseudo-likelihood, a product of Gaussian-conditionals is used. Moreover, the proposed model has large prior support and is flexible to approximate any $ν$-Hölder conditional variance-covariance matrices with $ν\in(0,1]$. We further show that based on the theory of fractional likelihood, the rate of posterior contraction is minimax optimal assuming the true density to be a Gaussian mixture with a known number of components. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated via simulation studies and an analysis of a protein network for a breast cancer dataset assisted by mRNA gene expression as covariates.
description: 58 pages, 12 figures, accepted by Journal of the American Statistical Association