cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Determination of the spin parameter and the inclination angle by the relativistic images in black hole image
Creators: name: Wang, Mingzhi
name: Chen, Songbai
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the relativistic images caused by strong gravitational lensing in Kerr black hole images, which carry some essential signatures about the black hole space-time. We defined a new celestial coordinates whose origin is the center of black hole shadow to locate the relativistic images. Under the influences of the dragging effect caused by rotating black hole and the inclination angle of observer, the relative positions between the primary and secondary images are different with the different Kerr spin parameter $a$ and the observer's inclination angle $i$, so it can be used to determine the value of $a$ and $i$. We provided the specific approach to measure the value of $a$ and $i$ by the relativistic images. The time delays between the primary and secondary images are different with the different $a$ and $i$. The time delays in conjunction with the relative positions between the primary and secondary images could allow us to measure the value of $a$ and $i$ more precisely. These relativistic images are as unique as fingerprints for black hole space-time, by which one can further determine other parameters of all kinds of compact objects and verify various theories of gravity. Our results provide a new method to implement parameter estimation in the study of black hole physics and astrophysics.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Model-based review of Doppler global velocimetry techniques with laser frequency modulation
Creators: name: Fischer, Andreas
Publisher: name: Elsevier Science
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Doppler global velocimetry
subject: Flow velocity measurement
subject: Scattered light intensity fluctuations
subject: measurement uncertainty
subject: 600

description: Optical measurements of flow velocity fields are of crucial importance to understand the behavior of complex flow. One flow field measurement technique is Doppler global velocimetry (DGV). A large variety of different DGV approaches exist, e.g., applying different kinds of laser frequency modulation. In order to investigate the measurement capabilities especially of the newer DGV approaches with laser frequency modulation, a model-based review of all DGV measurement principles is performed. The DGV principles can be categorized by the respective number of required time steps. The systematic review of all DGV principle reveals drawbacks and benefits of the different measurement approaches with respect to the temporal resolution, the spatial resolution and the measurement range. Furthermore, the Cramér-Rao bound for photon shot is calculated and discussed, which represents a fundamental limit of the achievable measurement uncertainty. As a result, all DGV techniques provide similar minimal uncertainty limits. With Nphotons as the number of scattered photons, the minimal standard deviation of the flow velocity reads about 106 m/s/ √Nphotons , which was calculated for a perpendicular arrangement of the illumination and observation direction and a laser wavelength of 895 nm. As a further result, the signal processing efficiencies are determined with a Monte-Carlo simulation. Except for the newest correlation-based DGV method, the signal processing algorithms are already optimal or near the optimum. Finally, the different DGV approaches are compared regarding errors due to temporal variations of the scattered light intensity and the flow velocity. The influence of a linear variation of the scattered light intensity can be reduced by maximizing the number of time steps, because this means to acquire more information for the correction of this systematic effect. However, more time steps can result in a flow velocity measurement with a lower temporal resolution, when operating at the maximal frame rate of the camera. DGV without laser frequency modulation then provides the highest temporal resolutions and is not sensitive with respect to temporal variations but with respect to spatial variations of the scattered light intensity. In contrast to this, all DGV variants suffer from velocity variations during the measurement. In summary, the experimental conditions and the measurement task finally decide about the ideal choice from the reviewed DGV methods.
Long-range beam-beam effects in the Tevatron
Creators: name: Shiltsev, V.
name: Valishev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-range beam-beam effects occurred in the Tevatron at all stages (injection, ramp, squeeze, and collisions) and affected both proton and antiproton beams. They resulted in beam losses and emittance blow-ups, which occurred in remarkable bunch-to-bunch dependent patterns. On the way to record-high luminosities of the collider, many issues related to the long-range beam-beam interactions have been addressed. Below we present a short overview of the long-range beam-beam effects in the Tevatron. (For a detailed discussion on the beam-beam effects in the Tevatron please see reviews in Refs. [1-3] and references therein).
description: 7 pages, contribution to the ICFA Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Effects in Hadron Colliders, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 18-22 Mar 2013
Projective representation of the Galilei group for classical and quantum-classical systems
Creators: name: Manjarres, A. D. Bermúdez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A physically relevant unitary irreducible non-projective representation of the Galilei group is possible in the Koopman-von Neumann formulation of classical mechanics. This classical representation is characterized by the vanishing of the central charge of the Galilei algebra. This is in contrast to the quantum case where the mass plays the role of the central charge. Here we show, by direct construction, that classical mechanics also allows for a projective representation of the Galilei group where the mass is the central charge of the algebra. We extend the result to certain kind of quantum-classical hybrid systems.
A nonstandard Hungarian construction for partial sums
Creators: name: Grama, Ion G.
name: Nussbaum, Michael
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Komlós-Major-Tusnády inequality
subject: partial sum process
subject: non-identically distributed variables
subject: function classes
subject: asymptotic equivalence of statistical experiments
subject: 60F17
subject: 62G07
subject: 60F99

description: We develop a Hungarian construction for the partial sum process of independent, non-identically distributed random variables. The process is indexed by functions ƒ from a functional class 퓗, but the supremum over ƒ ∈ 퓗 is taken outside the probability. This nonstandard form is a prerequisite for the functional Komlós-Major-Tusnády inequality in the space of bounded functionals 푙 ∞ (퓗), but contrary to the latter it essentially preserves the classical 푛-1/2log 푛 approximation rate over large functional classes 퓗 such as the Hölder ball of smoothness 1/2. The nonstandard form has a specific statistical application in the asymptotic equivalence theory for experiments.
Digital Image Data Hiding Techniques: A Comparative Study
Creators: name: Mishra, Minati
name: Mishra, Priyadarsini
name: Adhikary, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the advancements in the field of digital image processing during the last decade, digital image data hiding techniques such as watermarking, Steganography have gained wide popularity. Digital image watermarking techniques hide a small amount of data into a digital image which, later can be retrieved using some specific retrieval algorithms to prove the copyright of a piece of digital information whereas, Steganographic techniques are used to hide a large amount of data secretly into some innocuous looking digital medium. In this paper we are providing an up-to-date review of these data hiding techniques.
description: 11 pages, ANVESA - The Journal of F.M. University, ISSN-0974-715X. arXiv admin note: text overlap with http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.08.010 by other authors
Oxyscelio florus Kononova 2007
Creators: name: Mo, Wen-Hui
name: Chen, Hua-Yan
name: Johnson, Norman F.
name: Pang, Hong
name: Ma, Li
name: Liu, Jing-Xian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Scelionidae
Oxyscelio
Oxyscelio florus

description: Oxyscelio florus Kononova http://zoobank.org/ 6836FE9A-1218-4498-B609-A99CA8539908 Figures 107–116 Oxyscelio florum Kononova: Kononova & Fursov, 2007: 103 (description); Kononova & Fursov, 2007: 62 (original description). Oxyscelio florus Kononova: Kononova & Kozlov, 2008: 190, 191 (description, keyed); Burks, Masner, Johnson & Austin, 2013: 16, 23, 129 (description, keyed, type information, distribution, placed in florus species group); Johnson et al. 2013: 25 (new distribution record for China). Material Examined. Other material: (16 females, 11 males) CHINA: 1 female, Guangdong, Mt. Chebaling, 24°43’N 114°14’E, 23–28.VII.2008, Zaifu Xu, SCAU 3013723 (SCAU); 1 male, Zhejiang, Mt. Qingliangfeng, 30°04’N 118°52’E, 09.VIII.2005, Min Shi, SCAU 3013724 (SCAU); 1 female, Guangdong, Mt. Chebaling, 24°43’N 114°14’E, 16–21.VII.2008, Zaifu Xu, SCAU 3015401 (SCAU); 1 female, Zhejiang, Mt. Fengyangshan, 29°53’50”N 119°9’32”E, 30.VII.2007, Pingyi Wang, SCAU 3015402 (SCAU); 1 male, Guangdong, Mt. Nankunshan, 23°37.287’N 113°51.267’E, 14.VII.2003, Zaifu Xu, SCAU 3015403 (SCAU); 11 femals, 1 male, Hunan, Mangshan Nature Reserve, 24°56’N 112°69’E, 13.VIII.2010, Huayan Chen, SCAU 3015400, 3015404–3015414; 3 males, Zhejiang, Mt. Baishanzu, 25°45’N 119°12’E, 15.VIII.2003, Jingxian Liu, SCAU 3015415–3015416, 3018694 (SCAU); 2 females, 4 males, Guangdong, Nanling Nature Reserve, 24°54’N 113°00’E, 16–21.VII.2008, Zaifu Xu, SCAU 3015417–3015422 (SCAU); 1 male, Guangdong, Mt. Chebaling, 24°43’N 114°14’E, 23–28.VII.2008, Zaifu Xu SCAU 3015423.
description: Published as part of Mo, Wen-Hui, Chen, Hua-Yan, Johnson, Norman F., Pang, Hong, Ma, Li & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2020, Revision of the genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from China, pp. 251-310 in Zootaxa 4816 (3) on pages 276-277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4816.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3954285
description: {"references": ["Kononova, S. V. & Fursov, V. N. (2007) A review of the genera Calotelea, Calliscelio, and Oxyscelio (Scelioninae, Scelionidae, Proctotrupoidea) from the Palaearctic fauna. Entomological Review, 87, 92 - 105.", "Kononova, S. V. & Kozlov, V. N. (2008) [Scelionids of the Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Subfamily Scelioninae]. Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, Saint Petersburg, 489 pp.", "Johnson, N. F., Burks, R. A., Austin, A. & Xu, Z. (2013) Chinese species of egg-parasitoids of the genera Oxyscelio Kieffer, Heptascelio Kieffer and Platyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s. l., Scelioninae). Biodiversity Data Journal, 1, e 987. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 1. e 987"]}
Multiwavelet approximation methods for pseudodifferential equations on curves. Stability and convergence analysis
Creators: name: Prößdorf, Siegfried
name: Schult, Jörg
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Periodic pseudodifferential equations
subject: multiwavelets
subject: splines with multiple knots
subject: generalized Galerkin-Petrov schemes
subject: boundary element methods
subject: error analysis
subject: stability
subject: Strang-Fix condition
subject: 65J10
subject: 65N30
subject: 65N35
subject: 65R20
subject: 47G30
subject: 45P05
subject: 41A25
subject: 41A30
subject: 41A15

description: We develop a stability and convergence analysis of Galerkin-Petrov schemes based on a general setting of multiresolution generated by several refinable functions for the numerical solution of pseudodifferential equations on smooth closed curves. Particular realizations of such a multiresolution analysis are trial spaces generated by biorthogonal wavelets or by splines with multiple knots. The main result presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the numerical method in terms of the principal symbol of the pseudodifferential operator and the Fourier transforms of the generating multiscaling functions as well as of the test functionals. Moreover, optimal convergence rates for the approximate solutions in a range of Sobolev spaces are established.
Ionization of atoms by few-cycle EUV laser pulses: carrier-envelope phase dependence of the intra-pulse interference effects
Creators: name: Tóth, A.
name: Borbély, S.
name: Tőkési, K.
name: Nagy, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the ionization of the H atom by intense few-cycle laser pulses, in particular the intra-pulse interference effects, and their dependence on the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the laser pulse. In the final momentum distribution of the continuum electrons the imprint of two types of intra-pulse interference effects can be observed, namely the temporal and spatial interference. During the spatial interference electronic wave packets emitted at the same time, but following different paths interfere leading to an interference pattern measurable in the electron spectra. This can be also interpreted as the interference between a direct and a scattered wave, and the spatial interference pattern as the holographic mapping (HM) of the target. This HM pattern is strongly influenced by the carrier-envelope phase through the shape of the laser pulse. Here, we have studied how the shape of the HM pattern is modified by the CEP, and we have found an optimal CEP for the observation of HM.
The Schwinger action principle for classical systems
Creators: name: Manjarres, A. D. Bermúdez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Schwinger action principle to obtain the equations of motion in the Koopman-von Neumann operational version of classical mechanics. We restrict our analysis to non-dissipative systems. We show that the Schwinger action principle can be interpreted as a variational principle for velocity-independent forces.
Dynamic high pressure: Why it makes metallic fluid hydrogen
Creators: name: Nellis, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallic fluid H has been made by dynamic compression decades after Wigner and Huntington (WH) predicted its existence in 1935. The density obtained experimentally is within a few percent of the density predicted by WH. Metallic fluid H was achieved by multiple-shock compression of liquid H2, which compression is quasi-isentropic and H is thermally equilibrated in experiments with 100 ns lifetimes. Quasi-isentropic means compressions are isentropic but with sufficient temperature and entropy to drive a crossover from liquid H2 to degenerate fluid H at 9-fold compression and pressure P=140 GPa (1.4 Mbar). The metallic fluid is highly degenerate: T/TF 0.014, where temperature T=3000 K and Fermi temperature TF =220,000 K, respectively, at metallization density 0.64 mol H/cm3. Dynamic compression is achieved by supersonic, adiabatic, nonlinear hydrodynamics, the basic ideas of which were developed in the Nineteenth Century in European universities. Today dynamic compression is generally unfamiliar to the scientific community. The purposes of this paper are to present a brief review of (i) dynamic compression and its affects on materials, (ii) considerations that led to the sample holder designed specifically to make metallic fluid H, and (iii) an inter-comparison of dynamic and static compression with respect to making metallic H.
description: 26 pages with 9 figures
Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical dysplasia in HIV-positive women in South Africa
Creators: name: Siminya, Maureen
name: Faesen, Mark
name: Firnhaber, Cynthia
name: Smith, Jennifer S
name: Michelow, Pam
name: Williams, Sophie
name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Schulze, Doreen
name: Levin, Simon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundThe risk of squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) is higher in HIV-positive women. As these women begin to live longer due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), their risk of cervical cancer may increase. Few data exist regarding the effect of HAART on the incidence and progression of SIL in HIV-positive African women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HAART on the incidence and progression of SIL in HIV-positive women in South Africa.MethodsA prospective observational study of HIV-seropositive women was conducted over 5 years in an HIV treatment clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. The participants consisted of 601 women on and off HAART who had repeat Pap smears greater than 6 months apart. The effect of HAART use on incidence and progression rates of SIL was determined using multivariate Poisson regression to obtain incidence rate ratios (IRRs), adjusted for age, CD4 count and other potential confounders.ResultsMedian follow-up time was 445 days (inter-quartile range 383, 671). The crude rate of incidence of any SIL was 15.9 episodes (95% confidence limit (CL) 12.7, 19.9) per 100 person-years; the crude rate of all progression of cervical dysplasia among women was 13.5 episodes (95% CL 11.3, 16.1) per 100 person-years. HAART use was associated with a robust reduction in the rate of incidence and progression of cervical lesions, adjusted IRR=0.55 (95% CL 0.37, 0.80). Sensitivity analyses confirmed this main association held for incidence and progression when they were considered separately, and that the result was not dependent on the length of HAART exposure.ConclusionHAART use was associated with a reduction in the rate of both incidence and progression of cervical lesions among HIV-positive women.
Magnetic unit vector fields
Creators: name: Inoguchi, Jun-ichi
name: Munteanu, Marian Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53B25, Secondary 53C22, 53C43, 53D25

description: We show that a unit vector field on an oriented Riemannian manifold is a critical point of the Landau Hall functional if and only if it is a critical point of the Dirichlet energy functional. Therefore, we provide a characterization for a unit vector field to be a magnetic map into its unit tangent sphere bundle. Then, we classify all magnetic left invariant unit vector fields on $3$-dimensional Lie groups.
description: 25 pages
Generalized heteroclinic cycles in spherically invariant systems and their pertubations
Creators: name: Chossat, Pascal
name: Guyard, Frédéric
name: Lauterbach, Reiner
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1996

description: In this paper we want to investigate the effects of forced symmetry breaking perturbations, see LAUTERBACH & ROBERTS [29], as well as [28, 31], on the heteroclinic cycle which was found in the ℓ = 1, ℓ = 2 mode interaction by ARMBRUSTER & CHOSSAT [1, 12] and generalized by CHOSSAT and GUYARD [25, 14]. We show that this cycle is embedded in a larger class of cycles, which we call a generalized heteroclinic cycle (GHC). After describing the structure of this set we discuss its stability. The main problem is to find a selection principle, that is to give a mechanism which enables the physical system to select one particular heteroclinic cycle on this generalized heteroclinic cycle. After that the persistence under symmetry breaking perturbations is investigated. We will discuss also the application to the spherical Bénard problem, which was the initial motivation for this work.
State Responsibility for National Judicial Decisions in Investment Arbitration: Lessons China Can Learn
Creators: name: Chen, Ji
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: As a party to over 100 bilateral investment treaties, it is important for China to evaluate its exposure to state liability from domestic court decisions related to investment treaty arbitration in order to mitigate its risk of state liability in such cases and ultimately to improve China’s investment environment. Investment treaty arbitration jurisprudence shows that many investment tribunals subject domestic court decisions to substantive review and attach liability to those court decisions. This substantive review approach is, in fact, separate from the deferential approach generally adopted by other international tribunals and is rooted in the concept of “substantive denial of justice.” However, the basis of state responsibility triggered by national court decisions should not be the substance of the decisions, but rather the way the national courts handle the substantive materials of the cases, e.g., bias, discrimination, arbitrariness or bad faith on the part of the court. Intervention in domestic judicial decisions by investment tribunals should be launched only on the condition that the foreign investor has satisfied the burden of proof to produce convincing evidence of one of these elements. The concept of “substantive denial of justice” is misleading and should be abandoned in international investment arbitration. Meanwhile, it is equally important that China realizes and responds to issues presented in investment arbitration case law and its domestic legal practice, which may increase its exposure to state responsibility under investment treaties. Insufficient reasoning in Chinese court decisions is worth particular attention, especially when the decision declines recognition and enforcement of a foreign-related or foreign arbitral award. Lack of sufficient reasoning may serve as a strong indication of abusive misconduct, arbitrariness, or even bad faith on the part of the court, which may contribute to a finding of state liability. Furthermore, in addition to a denial of justice—a traditional standard for state responsibility involving judicial acts—case law shows that investment tribunals also access responsibility issues under other standards, such as the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard and the full protection and security (FPS) standard, even under the principle of prohibition of expropriation. China should be alert to the possibility that its court decisions also trigger state responsibility under these less demanding standards and should make efforts to ensure its national law and the legal practice of Chinese courts are in conformity with its treaty obligations.
Automated classification for open-ended questions with BERT
Creators: name: Gweon, Hyukjun
name: Schonlau, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Manual coding of text data from open-ended questions into different categories is time consuming and expensive. Automated coding uses statistical/machine learning to train on a small subset of manually coded text answers. Recently, pre-training a general language model on vast amounts of unrelated data and then adapting the model to the specific application has proven effective in natural language processing. Using two data sets, we empirically investigate whether BERT, the currently dominant pre-trained language model, is more effective at automated coding of answers to open-ended questions than other non-pre-trained statistical learning approaches. We found fine-tuning the pre-trained BERT parameters is essential as otherwise BERT's is not competitive. Second, we found fine-tuned BERT barely beats the non-pre-trained statistical learning approaches in terms of classification accuracy when trained on 100 manually coded observations. However, BERT's relative advantage increases rapidly when more manually coded observations (e.g. 200-400) are available for training. We conclude that for automatically coding answers to open-ended questions BERT is preferable to non-pretrained models such as support vector machines and boosting.
The Tingathe programme: a pilot intervention using community health workers to create a continuum of care in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) cascade of services in Malawi
Creators: name: Ahmed, Saeed
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C
name: Preidis, Geoffrey A
name: Kim, Maria H
name: Chiao, Elizabeth Y
name: Kazembe, Peter N
name: Bhalakia, Avni
name: Giordano, Thomas P
name: Buck, W Chris
name: Schutze, Gordon E
name: Nanthuru, Debora
name: Chimbwandira, Frank
name: Kline, Mark W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: IntroductionLoss to follow-up is a major challenge in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Malawi with reported loss to follow-up of greater than 70%. Tingathe-PMTCT is a pilot intervention that utilizes dedicated community health workers (CHWs) to create a complete continuum of care within the PMTCT cascade, improving service utilization and retention of mothers and infants. We describe the impact of the intervention on longitudinal care starting with diagnosis of the mother at antenatal care (ANC) through final diagnosis of the infant.MethodsPMTCT service utilization, programme retention and outcomes were evaluated for pregnant women living with HIV and their exposed infants enrolled in the Tingathe-PMTCT programme between March 2009 and March 2011. Multivariate logistic regression was done to evaluate maternal factors associated with failure to complete the cascade.ResultsOver 24 months, 1688 pregnant women living with HIV were enrolled. Median maternal age was 27 years (IQR, 23.8 to 30.8); 333 (19.7%) were already on ART. Among the remaining women, 1328/1355 (98%) received a CD4 test, with 1243/1328 (93.6%) receiving results. Of the 499 eligible for ART, 363 (72.8%) were successfully initiated. Prior to, delivery there were 93 (5.7%) maternal/foetal deaths, 137 (8.1%) women transferred/moved, 51 (3.0%) were lost and 58 (3.4%) refused ongoing PMTCT services. Of the 1318 live births to date, 1264 (95.9%) of the mothers and 1285 (97.5%) of the infants received ARV prophylaxis; 1064 (80.7%) infants were tested for HIV by PCR and started on cotrimoxazole. Median age at PCR was 1.7 months (IQR, 1.5 to 2.5). Overall transmission at first PCR was 43/1047 (4.1%). Of the 43 infants with positive PCR results, 36 (83.7%) were enrolled in ART clinic and 33 (76.7%) were initiated on ART.ConclusionsCase management and support by dedicated CHWs can create a continuum of longitudinal care in the PMTCT cascade and result in improved outcomes.
10 Years of wire excitation experiments in the CERN SPS
Creators: name: Zimmermann, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews the set-up, experimental studies, and beam observations with one or two prototype long-range beam-beam 'wire' compensators in the CERN SPS from 2002 to 2012.
description: 14 pages, contribution to the ICFA Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Effects in Hadron Colliders, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 18-22 Mar 2013
Neurodevelopment in perinatally HIV-infected children: a concern for adolescence
Creators: name: Van Rie, Annelies
name: Boivin, Michael
name: Cornell, Morna
name: Laughton, Barbara
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Globally, an estimated 3.4 million children are living with HIV, yet little is known about the effects of HIV and antiretroviral treatment (ART) on the developing brain, and the neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) adolescents.
Spillover of Antisocial Behavior from Fringe Platforms: The Unintended Consequences of Community Banning
Creators: name: Russo, Giuseppe
name: Verginer, Luca
name: Ribeiro, Manoel Horta
name: Casiraghi, Giona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Online platforms face pressure to keep their communities civil and respectful. Thus, the bannings of problematic online communities from mainstream platforms like Reddit and Facebook are often met with enthusiastic public reactions. However, this policy can lead users to migrate to alternative fringe platforms with lower moderation standards and where antisocial behaviors like trolling and harassment are widely accepted. As users of these communities often remain co-active across mainstream and fringe platforms, antisocial behaviors may spill over onto the mainstream platform. We study this possible spillover by analyzing around 70,000 users from three banned communities that migrated to fringe platforms: r/The_Donald, r/GenderCritical, and r/Incels. Using a difference-in-differences design, we contrast co-active users with matched counterparts to estimate the causal effect of fringe platform participation on users' antisocial behavior on Reddit. Our results show that participating in the fringe communities increases users' toxicity on Reddit (as measured by Perspective API) and involvement with subreddits similar to the banned community -- which often also breach platform norms. The effect intensifies with time and exposure to the fringe platform. In short, we find evidence for a spillover of antisocial behavior from fringe platforms onto Reddit via co-participation.
description: accepted at the 16th International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM), please cite accordingly
title: Le Giardiniere. Società segrete femminili nel Risorgimento
Creators: name: Tasini , Diana
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2012

description: Il contributo mette in luce il ruolo che hanno ricoperto le donne appartenenti alla Carboneria, durante i moti sovversivi del Risorgimento. Le erano assegnati compiti di vario tipo, come reperire fondi, cibo, vestiario, di fare azione propagandistica, etc. All'interno della Carboneria, le donne costituirono un gruppo che prese il nome di Società delle Giardiniere, poiché le affiliate si incontravano nei "giardini" delle loro abitazioni.

description: B@belonline vol. 13 Chaos/Kosmos
On Gauduchon Kähler-like manifolds
Creators: name: Zhao, Quanting
name: Zheng, Fangyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C55, 53C05

description: In a paper by Angella, Otal, Ugarte, and Villacampa, the authors conjectured that on a compact Hermitian manifold, if a Gauduchon connection other than Chern or Strominger is Kähler-like, then the Hermitian metric must be Kähler. They also conjectured that if two Gauduchon connections are both Kähler-like, then the metric must be Kähler. In this paper, we discuss some partial answers to the first conjecture, and give a proof to the second conjecture. In the process, we discovered an interesting `duality' phenomenon amongst Gauduchon connections, which seems to be intimately tied to the question, though we do not know if there is any underlying reason for that from physics.
Reduction of the number of particles in the stochastic weighted particle method for the Boltzman equation
Creators: name: Rjasanow, Sergej
name: Schreiber, Thomas
name: Wagner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Boltzmann equation
subject: stochastic particle method
subject: random weight transfer
subject: collision mechanism
subject: numerical experiments
subject: 65C05
subject: 76P05
subject: 82C80

description: Different ideas for reducing the number of particles in the stochastic weighted particle method for the Boltzmann equation are described and discussed. The corresponding error bounds are obtained and numerical tests for the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation presented. It is shown that if an appropriate reduction procedure is used then any effect on the accuracy of the numerical scheme is negligible.
Wavelets in numerical analysis and their quantitative properties
Creators: name: Dahmen, Wolfgang
name: Kunoth, Angela
name: Urban, Karsten
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: wavelets
subject: wavelet methods
subject: stability
subject: 65T60

description: We discuss various instances where wavelets on the interval serve as building blocks for extending wavelet methods to problems that are neither periodic nor defined on the whole Euclidean space. We then briefly review several properties of such wavelets which are relevant for the previously mentioned applications. Finally, we take a closer look at the quantitive stability properties of wavelets on the interval and indicate ways of improving them.
Twice degenerate equations in the space of vector-valued functions
Creators: name: Kloeden, Peter E.
name: Krasnosel´Skii, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: index at infinity
subject: asymptotically linear and asymptotically homogeneous vector fields
subject: periodic problems
subject: system of two nonlinear first-order ODE
subject: nonlinear second-order ODE
subject: 47H11
subject: 47H30

description: New results are suggested which allow to calculate an index at infinity for asymptotically linear and asymptotically homogeneous vector fields in spaces of vector-valued functions. The case is considered where both linear approximation at infinity and "linear + homogeneous" approximation are degenerate. Applications are given to the 2π-periodic problem for a system of two nonlinear first order ODE's and to the two-point BVP for a system of two nonlinear second order ODE's.
Amortized Variational Inference: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Ganguly, Ankush
name: Jain, Sanjana
name: Watchareeruetai, Ukrit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The core principle of Variational Inference (VI) is to convert the statistical inference problem of computing complex posterior probability densities into a tractable optimization problem. This property enables VI to be faster than several sampling-based techniques. However, the traditional VI algorithm is not scalable to large data sets and is unable to readily infer out-of-bounds data points without re-running the optimization process. Recent developments in the field, like stochastic-, black box-, and amortized-VI, have helped address these issues. Generative modeling tasks nowadays widely make use of amortized VI for its efficiency and scalability, as it utilizes a parameterized function to learn the approximate posterior density parameters. In this paper, we review the mathematical foundations of various VI techniques to form the basis for understanding amortized VI. Additionally, we provide an overview of the recent trends that address several issues of amortized VI, such as the amortization gap, generalization issues, inconsistent representation learning, and posterior collapse. Finally, we analyze alternate divergence measures that improve VI optimization.
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR)
No evident association between efavirenz use and suicidality was identified from a disproportionality analysis using the FAERS database
Creators: name: Tilson, Hugh H
name: Napoli, Andrew A
name: Coumbis, John J
name: Soitkar, Amit M
name: Wood, Jennifer J
name: Seekins, Daniel W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ObjectiveTo assess the potential association of selected antiretrovirals (ARVs), including efavirenz, with suicidality.DesignRetrospective analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), by performing a Multi-Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS) disproportionality analysis.MethodsMGPS disproportionality analysis, a technique to identify associations between drugs and adverse events, was performed using cumulative data from the FAERS database collected up to August 2012. This method yields an Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean score and corresponding 90% confidence interval (EB05, EB95). EB05 scores ≥2 were pre-defined as a signal for a potential drug-event association. The FAERS database includes spontaneous adverse-event reports from consumers and healthcare professionals. All FAERS reports of suicidality (including suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and completed suicide or a composite of these) in patients taking efavirenz (as single agent or in fixed-dose combination), atazanavir, darunavir, etravirine, nevirapine and raltegravir were identified. A number of parallel analyses were performed to assess the validity of the methodology: fluoxetine and sertraline, antidepressants with a known association with suicidality, and raltegravir, an ARV with rhabdomyolysis and myopathy listed as “uncommon” events in the US-prescribing information.ResultsA total of 29,856 adverse event reports were identified among patients receiving efavirenz, atazanavir, darunavir, etravirine, nevirapine and raltegravir, of which 457 were reports of suicidality events. EB05 scores observed for the composite suicidality term for efavirenz (EB05=0.796), and other ARVs (EB05=0.279–0.368), were below the pre-defined threshold. Fluoxetine and sertraline gave EB05 scores for suicidality >2. Raltegravir gave EB05 scores >2 for myopathy and rhabdomyolysis.ConclusionsThe pre-determined threshold for signals for suicidality, including suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, completed suicide and a composite suicidality endpoint, was not exceeded for efavirenz and other ARVs in this analysis. Efavirenz has been associated with suicidality in clinical trials. Further studies that adjust for confounding factors are needed to better understand any potential association with ARVs and suicidality.
Tracing Recent Star Formation of Red Early-type Galaxies out to $z$ $\sim$ 1
Creators: name: Ko, Jongwan
name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Im, Myungshin
name: Borgne, Damien Le
name: Lee, Jong Chul
name: Elbaz, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mid-infrared (IR) excess emission of early-type galaxies (ETGs) on the red-sequence at $z $ 10$^{10.5}$ $M_{\odot}$ and $0.4$ 10$^{11.2}$ $M_{\odot}$, more than 18% show excess emission over the photospheric emission in the mid-IR. The combination with the results of red ETGs in the local universe suggests that the recent star formation is not rare among quiescent, red ETGs at least out to $z \sim 1$ if the mid-IR excess emission results from intermediate-age stars or/and from low-level ongoing star formation. Our color$-$color diagram including near-UV and mid-IR emissions are efficient not only for identifying ETGs with recent star formation, but also for distinguishing quiescent galaxies from dusty star-forming galaxies.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Oxyscelio naraws Kozlov & Le
Creators: name: Mo, Wen-Hui
name: Chen, Hua-Yan
name: Johnson, Norman F.
name: Pang, Hong
name: Ma, Li
name: Liu, Jing-Xian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Scelionidae
Oxyscelio
Oxyscelio naraws

description: Oxyscelio naraws Kozlov & Lê http://zoobank.org/ 377E4C35-6CDC-4D4E-9C7B-537662DFB8F2 Figures 199–208 Oxyscelio naraws Kozlov & Lê, 2000: 40, 326 (original description); Burks, Masner, Johnson & Austin, 2013: 17, 26, 190 (description, keyed, distribution, placed in latitudinis species group); Johnson et al. 2013: 48 (new distribution record for China). Material Examined. Other material: (1 female, 1 male) CHINA: 1 female, Guangdong, Nanling Nature Reserve, 24°54’N 113°00’E, 8–17.VIII.2010, Huayan Chen, SCAU 3013740 (SCAU); 1 male, Zhejiang, Mt. Qingliangfeng, 30°04’N 118°52’E, 09.VIII.2005, Min Shi, SCAU 3013739 (SCAU).
description: Published as part of Mo, Wen-Hui, Chen, Hua-Yan, Johnson, Norman F., Pang, Hong, Ma, Li & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2020, Revision of the genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from China, pp. 251-310 in Zootaxa 4816 (3) on page 294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4816.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3954285
description: {"references": ["Le, X. H. (2000) Egg-parasites of family Scelionidae (Hymenoptera). Fauna of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 386 pp.", "Johnson, N. F., Burks, R. A., Austin, A. & Xu, Z. (2013) Chinese species of egg-parasitoids of the genera Oxyscelio Kieffer, Heptascelio Kieffer and Platyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s. l., Scelioninae). Biodiversity Data Journal, 1, e 987. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 1. e 987"]}
Characteristics and survival for HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease in Malawi
Creators: name: Dhungel, Bal M
name: Chikasema, Maria
name: Kampani, Coxcilly
name: Fedoriw, Yuri
name: Nyasosela, Richard
name: Moses, Agnes
name: Montgomery, Nathan D
name: Liomba, N George
name: Gopal, Satish
name: Sanders, Marcia K
name: Kaimila, Bongani
name: Dittmer, Dirk P
name: Krysiak, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Clinical reports of multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are scarce despite high prevalence of HIV and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Our objective is to describe characteristics and survival for HIV-associated MCD patients in Malawi. To our knowledge, this is the first HIV-associated MCD case series from the region.
Revealing the pulsational properties of the V777 Her star KUV 05134+2605 by its long-term monitoring
Creators: name: Bognár, Zs.
name: Paparó, M.
name: Córsico, A. H.
name: Kepler, S. O.
name: Győrffy, Á.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: KUV 05134+2605 is one of the 21 pulsating DB white dwarfs (V777 Her or DBV variables) known so far. The detailed investigation of the short-period and low-amplitude pulsations of these relatively faint targets requires considerable observational efforts from the ground, long-term single-site or multisite observations. The observed amplitudes of excited modes undergo short-term variations in many cases, which makes the determination of pulsation modes difficult. Methods: We re-analysed the data already published, and collected new measurements. We compared the frequency content of the different datasets from the different epochs and performed various tests to check the reliability of the frequency determinations. The mean period spacings were investigated with linear fits to the observed periods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Inverse Variance significance tests, and Fourier analysis of different period sets, including a Monte Carlo test simulating the effect of alias ambiguities. We employed fully evolutionary DB white dwarf models for the asteroseismic investigations. Results: We identified 22 frequencies between 1280 and 2530 microHz. These form 12 groups, which suggests at least 12 possible frequencies for the asteroseismic investigations. Thanks to the extended observations, KUV 05134+2605 joined the group of rich white dwarf pulsators. We identified one triplet and at least one doublet with a ~9 microHz frequency separation, from which we derived a stellar rotation period of 0.6 d. We determined the mean period spacings of ~31 and ~18 s for the modes we propose as dipole and quadrupole, respectively. We found an excellent agreement between the stellar mass derived from the l=1 period spacing and the period-to-period fits, all providing M_* = 0.84-0.85 M_Sun solutions. Our study suggests that KUV 05134+2605 is the most massive amongst the known V777 Her stars.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Optimization and robustness of topological corner state in second-order topological photonic crystal
Creators: name: Xie, Xin
name: Dang, Jianchen
name: Yan, Sai
name: Zhang, Weixuan
name: Hao, Huiming
name: Xiao, Shan
name: Shi, Shushu
name: Zuo, Zhanchun
name: Ni, Haiqiao
name: Niu, Zhichuan
name: Zhang, Xiangdong
name: Wang, Can
name: Xu, Xiulai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second-order topological photonic crystal with 0D corner state provides a new way to investigate cavity quantum electrodynamics and develop topological nanophotonic devices with diverse functionalities. Here, we report on the optimization and robustness of topological corner state in the second-order topological photonic crystal both in theory and in experiment. The topological nanocavity is formed based on the 2D generalized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. The quality factor of corner state is optimized theoretically and experimentally by changing the gap between two photonic crystals or just modulating the position or size of the airholes surrounding the corner. The fabricated quality factors are further optimized by the surface passivation treatment which reduces surface absorption. A maximum quality factor of the fabricated devices is about 6000, which is the highest value ever reported for the active topological corner state. Furthermore, we demonstrate the robustness of corner state against strong disorders including the bulk defect, edge defect, and even corner defect. Our results lay a solid foundation for the further investigations and applications of the topological corner state, such as the investigation of strong coupling regime and the development of optical devices for topological nanophotonic circuitry.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Contribution of $n$-cylinder square-tiled surfaces to Masur-Veech volume of $\mathcal{H}(2g-2)$
Creators: name: Yakovlev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We find the generating function for the contributions of $n$-cylinder square-tiled surfaces to the Masur-Veech volume of $\mathcal{H}(2g-2)$. It is a bivariate generalization of the generating function for the total volumes obtained by Sauvaget via intersection theory. Our approach is, however, purely combinatorial. It relies on the study of counting functions for certain families of metric ribbon graphs. Their top-degree terms are polynomials, whose (normalized) coefficients are cardinalities of certain families of metric plane trees. These polynomials are analogues of Kontsevich polynomials that appear as part of his proof of Witten's conjecture.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures
Quantum correlation exists in any non-product state
Creators: name: Guo, Yu
name: Wu, Shengjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simultaneous existence of correlation in complementary bases is a fundamental feature of quantum correlation, and we show that this characteristic is present in any non-product bipartite state. We propose a measure via mutually unbiased bases to study this feature of quantum correlation, and compare it with other measures of quantum correlation for several families of bipartite states.
description: 5 pages