cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extension of Cut Carnation Vase Life Using Compost Tea, Putrescine and Plant Extracts
Creators: name: Vehniwal, Sanjamveer S.
name: Ofoe, Raphael
name: Asiedu, Samuel K.
name: Hoyle, Jeff
name: Abbey, Lord
name: Vehniwal, Sanjamveer S.
name: Ofoe, Raphael
name: Asiedu, Samuel K.
name: Hoyle, Jeff
name: Abbey, Lord
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: cut flower
subject: vase solution
subject: flower longevity

description: Cut flower vase life can be extended by various natural products, but their efficacy when mixed with compost tea is not reported. A study was performed to determine cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. White Sim) vase life in 1 L of formulations (1) C3.5: 3.5% compost tea + 15 mg putrescine; (2) R5L10: C3.5 + 5 mL rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) + 10 mL lemon (Citrus limon) extracts; (3) R10L10: C3.5 + 10 mL rosemary + 10 mL lemon extracts; (4) R5L20: C3.5 + 5 mL rosemary + 20 mL lemon extracts; (5) R10L20: C3.5 + 10 mL rosemary + 20 mL lemon extracts; (6) Chrysal: Floral Chrysal Clear (positive control); and (7) Dw: distilled water alone (negative control). The 15 mg putrescine significantly (P=0.002) reduced compost tea turbidity by 34%. The neutral pH of C3.5 and Dw did not change. However, pH increased by 24% in Chrysal and reduced by 39% in R5L10, R10L10 and R5L20 and by 54% in R10L20 on day 11. TDS and EC were highest in Chrysal from days 1 to 11. Petal discoloration, wilt, shrinkage and neck bend were delayed by C3.5 followed by Chrysal and then R5L10, but were accelerated by the other treatments. In conclusion, the cut carnation cv. White Sim longevity as influenced by variations in the vase solutions was Chrysal (14 days) > C3.5 (12.6 days) > R5L10 (10.7 days) but ≤ 9 days in the other treatments. These results were confirmed by a 2-D principal component analysis biplot. Future study will investigate microbial interaction.
A Fully General, Non-Perturbative Treatment of Impulsive Heating
Creators: name: Banik, Uddipan
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impulsive encounters between astrophysical objects are usually treated using the distant tide approximation (DTA) for which the impact parameter, $b$, is assumed to be significantly larger than the characteristic radii of the subject, $r_{\mathrm{S}}$, and the perturber, $r_{\mathrm{P}}$. The perturber potential is then expanded as a multipole series and truncated at the quadrupole term. When the perturber is more extended than the subject, this standard approach can be extended to the case where $r_{\mathrm{S}} \ll b < r_{\mathrm{P}}$. However, for encounters with $b$ of order $r_{\mathrm{S}}$ or smaller, the DTA typically overpredicts the impulse, $Δ\mathbf{v}$, and hence the internal energy change of the subject, $ΔE_{\mathrm{int}}$. This is unfortunate, as these close encounters are the most interesting, potentially leading to tidal capture, mass stripping, or tidal disruption. Another drawback of the DTA is that $ΔE_{\mathrm{int}}$ is proportional to the moment of inertia, which diverges unless the subject is truncated or has a density profile that falls off faster than $r^{-5}$. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper presents a fully general, non-perturbative treatment of impulsive encounters which is valid for any impact parameter, and not hampered by divergence issues, thereby negating the necessity to truncate the subject. We present analytical expressions for $Δ\mathbf{v}$ for a variety of perturber profiles, apply our formalism to both straight-path encounters and eccentric orbits, and discuss the mass loss due to tidal shocks in gravitational encounters between equal mass galaxies.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Published in MNRAS
Filamentation instability in a quantum magnetized plasma
Creators: name: Bret, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The filamentation instability occurring when a non relativistic electron beam passes through a quantum magnetized plasma is investigated by means of a cold quantum magnetohydrodynamic model. It is proved that the instability can be completely suppressed by quantum effects if and only if a finite magnetic field is present. A dimensionless parameter is identified which measures the strength of quantum effects. Strong quantum effects allow for a much smaller magnetic field to suppress the instability than in the classical regime.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Plasmas
Knowledge-Aware Procedural Text Understanding with Multi-Stage Training
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhihan
name: Geng, Xiubo
name: Qin, Tao
name: Wu, Yunfang
name: Jiang, Daxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Procedural text describes dynamic state changes during a step-by-step natural process (e.g., photosynthesis). In this work, we focus on the task of procedural text understanding, which aims to comprehend such documents and track entities' states and locations during a process. Although recent approaches have achieved substantial progress, their results are far behind human performance. Two challenges, the difficulty of commonsense reasoning and data insufficiency, still remain unsolved, which require the incorporation of external knowledge bases. Previous works on external knowledge injection usually rely on noisy web mining tools and heuristic rules with limited applicable scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel KnOwledge-Aware proceduraL text understAnding (KOALA) model, which effectively leverages multiple forms of external knowledge in this task. Specifically, we retrieve informative knowledge triples from ConceptNet and perform knowledge-aware reasoning while tracking the entities. Besides, we employ a multi-stage training schema which fine-tunes the BERT model over unlabeled data collected from Wikipedia before further fine-tuning it on the final model. Experimental results on two procedural text datasets, ProPara and Recipes, verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, in which our model achieves state-of-the-art performance in comparison to various baselines.
description: Published as full paper in Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021 (WWW'21)
POTENTIAL OF CANOLA IN MICHIGAN
Creators: name: Adhikari, Bishwa B.
name: Adhikari, Bishwa B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study consists of four different aspects of canola in Michigan with special emphasis on northern Michigan. The economic feasibility of canola as an alternative cash crop, potential canola growing area, feasibility of establishing canola processing plant(s) in northern Michigan and the canola marketing situation in Michigan were appraised. Secondary data, previous research results, key informant interviews, informal visits, expert opinions and survey data were used to study these aspects of canola. Review of past agronomic research results showed that canola can successfully be grown in various part of Michigan, including northern Michigan. Break-even analysis of canola with other alternative crops like wheat, corn, oats and soybeans suggested that canola can be more profitable than these crops whereas it cannot compete with kidney beans, dry beans and potatoes. Key informant surveys revealed that out of 598,000 acres of cultivated land in Northern Michigan, approximately 10,000 acres would be shifted to growing canola immediately, under the assumption of no marketing problems. The area would be sufficient for supplying canola to run two small to medium scale processing plants at full capacity. The economic feasibility of establishing canola processing plants has been evaluated in depth. Net present value (NPV) and internal rates (IRR) of return of proposed operations are encouraging. Various possible scenarios have been analyzed and it is concluded that canola processing has potential, particularly in northern Michigan. The case studies with grain elevators showed that canola handling might be profitable and that there is good potential for canola in Michigan. The major bottleneck in this sector is the lack of processing facilities in Michigan. Farmers are presently reluctant to grow canola due to perceived difficulties in marketing. Grain elevators are not handling canola at present time because of the very small volume of production. All of the respondents believed that the development of canola processing plant(s) or a strong marketing chain is necessary to stimulate the canola sub-sector in Michigan.
A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Industrial Vertical Farming Using Film Farming Technology
Creators: name: Zhang, Zitian
name: Rod, Michael
name: Hosseinian, Farah
name: Zhang, Zitian
name: Rod, Michael
name: Hosseinian, Farah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: controlled environment agriculture
subject: food security
subject: hydromembrane
subject: vertical farming
subject: film farming

description: Rapid population growth is expected to lead to the global population reaching 8.9 billion by 2050. In order to sustain such population growth, global food production must grow more than 70% by 2050. Arable land per capita, however, is on the decline. Vertical farming (VF) provides an enterprising solution to these concerns. VF utilizes stacked levels of growing racks and beds to maximize grow space per square foot of land and typically uses hydroponics to reduce water use. Similarly, film farming (FF) is a new agricultural technique developed in Japan for the soilless cultivation of crops while drastically reducing water use. FF has the potential to be integrated into VF systems to improve water use efficiency, and further improve food safety. This, however, relies on the possible improvements in yield and plant quality to increase sales volume and price to offset the added cost of FF. This review illustrates a cost-benefit analysis of a theoretical VF to show the yield increase and price point needed for FF integration to be viable as 27 247 kg (43.57%) and $9.67/kg (26.90%) respectively. This review also shows the benefits to yield and quality is enough for the integration to be viable.
UpDLRM: Accelerating Personalized Recommendation using Real-World PIM Architecture
Creators: name: Chen, Sitian
name: Tan, Haobin
name: Zhou, Amelie Chi
name: Li, Yusen
name: Balaji, Pavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Learning Recommendation Models (DLRMs) have gained popularity in recommendation systems due to their effectiveness in handling large-scale recommendation tasks. The embedding layers of DLRMs have become the performance bottleneck due to their intensive needs on memory capacity and memory bandwidth. In this paper, we propose UpDLRM, which utilizes real-world processingin-memory (PIM) hardware, UPMEM DPU, to boost the memory bandwidth and reduce recommendation latency. The parallel nature of the DPU memory can provide high aggregated bandwidth for the large number of irregular memory accesses in embedding lookups, thus offering great potential to reduce the inference latency. To fully utilize the DPU memory bandwidth, we further studied the embedding table partitioning problem to achieve good workload-balance and efficient data caching. Evaluations using real-world datasets show that, UpDLRM achieves much lower inference time for DLRM compared to both CPU-only and CPU-GPU hybrid counterparts.
description: Accepted by DAC 2024
title: Лексический состав и функционал языка М.Е.Салтыкова-Щедрина в цикле «Сказки для детей изрядного возраста»
Creators: name: Морозова, Татьяна
name: Макаренко, Лариса
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Статья посвящена традиционному, но не утратившему своей актуальности вопросу поэтики произведений М.Е.Салтыкова-Щедрина. В работе проанализирован лексический состав речи писателя в цикле произведений «Сказки для детей изрядного возраста». Основное внимание уделено анализу лексико-семантического функционирования слов, варьирования их значений в соответствии с экспрессивно-оценочной и стилистической принадлежностью. Указаны источники семантико-смысловой насыщенности авторского языка и расширения его экспрессивных возможностей посредством трансформационных процессов. На авторском языковом материале проиллюстрированы такие приёмы, как комбинация слов с ярко выраженными коннотациями, «неверное» / искажённое толкование слов-номинаций, варьирование сем, контекстные синонимы и антонимы, эвфемизмы, трансформация устойчивых выражений, использование слов (выражений) разных лексических и стилистических пластов. В исследовании использован метод структурного, семантического и стилистического анализа.
Random Aharonov-Bohm vortices and some funny families of integrals
Creators: name: Ouvry, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review of the random magnetic impurity model, introduced in the context of the integer Quantum Hall effect, is presented. It models an electron moving in a plane and coupled to random Aharonov-Bohm vortices carrying a fraction of the quantum of flux. Recent results on its perturbative expansion are given. In particular, some funny families of integrals show up to be related to the Riemann $ζ(3)$ and $ζ(2)$.
description: 10 pages
AN EVALUATION OF THE TELFARM PROJECT
Creators: name: Werth, Harold
name: Werth, Harold
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: TELFARM (Today's Electronic Farm Records for Management) was officially launched on January 1, 1964. It was developed out of and replaced a mail-in account system which had been in operation in Michigan since 1957. This mail-in system provided much of the experience and clientele that made it possible to begin full scale operation with over 1,000 members. The need for an organized survey of farmer member reactions and an expression of feelings about the Telfarm program has been expressed by the Department of Agricultural Economics and the Telfarm staff. This evaluation study originated from this expressed need. The purpose of this research is to obtain a general evaluation of how Telfarm members feel about the program. In general, the study will inquire into members attitudes toward satisfaction, use, difficulty, disadvantages, and changes desired.
Online Matching and Contention Resolution for Edge Arrivals with Vanishing Probabilities
Creators: name: Ma, Will
name: MacRury, Calum
name: Nuti, Pranav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2; G.2.2

description: We study the performance of sequential contention resolution and matching algorithms on random graphs with vanishing edge probabilities. When the edges of the graph are processed in an adversarially-chosen order, we derive a new OCRS that is $0.382$-selectable, attaining the "independence benchmark" from the literature under the vanishing edge probabilities assumption. Complementary to this positive result, we show that no OCRS can be more than $0.390$-selectable, significantly improving upon the upper bound of $0.428$ from the literature. We also derive negative results that are specialized to bipartite graphs or subfamilies of OCRS's. Meanwhile, when the edges of the graph are processed in a uniformly random order, we show that the simple greedy contention resolution scheme which accepts all active and feasible edges is $1/2$-selectable. This result is tight due to a known upper bound. Finally, when the algorithm can choose the processing order, we show that a slight tweak to the random order -- give each vertex a random priority and process edges in lexicographic order -- results in a strictly better contention resolution scheme that is $1-\ln(2-1/e)\approx0.510$-selectable. Our positive results also apply to online matching on $1$-uniform random graphs with vanishing (non-identical) edge probabilities, extending and unifying some results from the random graphs literature.
description: Improved the exposition, and corrected typos from the previous version
The Merchants Of Venice
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Archaeology
subject: Geography
subject: Sociology

description: The 11th and 12th centuries witnessed considerable participation of Jewish merchants in the Indian Ocean trade; the large number of letters exchanged between them bears ample testimony to regular voyages between the west coast of India and Aden; from Aden the goods moved further to Venice.
Uncertain R&D, Backstop Technology and GHGs Stabilization
Creators: name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Tavoni, Massimo
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Tavoni, Massimo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper analyses optimal investments in innovation when dealing with a stringent climate target and with the uncertain effectiveness of R&D. The innovation needed to achieve the deep cut in emissions is modelled by a backstop carbon-free technology whose cost depends on R&D investments. To better represent the process of technological progress, we assume that R&D effectiveness is uncertain. By means of a simple analytical model, we show how accounting for the uncertainty that characterizes technological advancement yields higher investments in innovation and lower policy costs. We then confirm the results via a numerical analysis performed with a stochastic version of WITCH, an energy-economy-climate model. The results stress the importance of a correct specification of the technological change process in economy-climate models.
Elicitation on biclausal structures, ellipsis, and reflexives
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Rudolph, Koisemy
name: Ding, Lydia
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file for an elicitation on lexical items, biclausal structures, ellipsis, and reflexives, as well as planning future work. Corresponds to pages 189-192 in Notebook 1.
Fisher Identifiability Analysis of Longitudinal Vehicle Dynamics
Creators: name: Kandel, Aaron
name: Wahba, Mohamed
name: Fathy, Hosam K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper investigates the theoretical Cramer-Rao bounds on estimation accuracy of longitudinal vehicle dynamics parameters. This analysis is motivated by the value of parameter estimation in various applications, including chassis model validation and active safety. Relevant literature addresses this demand through algorithms capable of estimating chassis parameters for diverse conditions. While the implementation of such algorithms has been studied, the question of fundamental limits on their accuracy remains largely unexplored. We address this question by presenting two contributions. First, this paper presents theoretical findings which reveal the prevailing effects underpinning vehicle chassis parameter identifiability. We then validate these findings with data from on-road experiments. Our results demonstrate, among a variety of effects, the strong relevance of road grade variability in determining parameter identifiability from a drive cycle. These findings can motivate improved experimental designs in the future.
description: 8 pages
Quantum spin glass and the dipolar interaction
Creators: name: Schechter, Moshe
name: Laflorencie, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems in which the dipolar energy dominates the magnetic interaction, and the crystal field generates strong anisotropy favoring the longitudinal interaction terms, are considered. Such systems in external magnetic field are expected to be a good experimental realization of the transverse field Ising model. With random interactions this model yields a spin glass to paramagnet phase transition as function of the transverse field. Here we show that the off-diagonal dipolar interaction, although effectively reduced, destroys the spin glass order at any finite transverse field. Moreover, the resulting correlation length is shown to be small near the crossover to the paramagnetic phase, in agreement with the behavior of the nonlinear susceptibility in the experiments on $\LHx$. Thus, we argue that the in these experiments a cross-over to the paramagnetic phase, and not quantum criticality, was observed.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Analysis of Technological Portfolios for CO2 stabilizations and Effects of Technological Changes
Creators: name: Sano, Fuminori
name: Akimoto, Keigo
name: Homma, Takashi
name: Tomoda, Toshimasa
name: Sano, Fuminori
name: Akimoto, Keigo
name: Homma, Takashi
name: Tomoda, Toshimasa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: In this study, cost-effective technological options to stabilize CO2 concentrations at 550, 500, and 450 ppmv are evaluated using a world energy systems model of linear programming with a high regional resolution. This model treats technological change endogenously for wind power, photovoltaics, and fuel-cell vehicles, which are technologies of mass production and are considered to follow the 'learning by doing' process. Technological changes induced by climate policies are evaluated by maintaining the technological changes at the levels of the base case wherein there is no climate policy. The results achieved through model analyses include 1) cost-effective technological portfolios, including carbon capture and storage, marginal CO2 reduction costs, and increases in energy system cost for three levels of stabilization and 2) the effect of the induced technological change on the above mentioned factors. A sensitivity analysis is conducted with respect to the learning rate.
Scaling up global kinetic models of pulsar magnetospheres using a hybrid force-free-PIC numerical approach
Creators: name: Soudais, Adrien
name: Cerutti, Benoît
name: Contopoulos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The particle-in-cell approach has proven effective at modeling neutron star and black hole magnetospheres from first principles, but global simulations are plagued with an unrealistically small separation between the scales where microphysics operates and the system-size scales due to limited numerical resources. A legitimate concern is whether the scale separation currently achieved is large enough, such that results can be safely extrapolated to realistic scales. In this work, our aim is to explore the effect of scaling physical parameters up, and to check whether salient features uncovered by pure kinetic models at smaller scales are still valid, with a special emphasis on particle acceleration and high-energy radiation emitted beyond the light cylinder. To reach this objective, we develop a new hybrid numerical scheme coupling the ideal force-free and the particle-in-cell methods, to optimize the numerical cost of global models. We propose a domain decomposition of the magnetosphere based on the magnetic field topology using the flux function. The force-free model is enforced along open field lines while the particle-in-cell model is restricted to the reconnecting field line region. As a proof of concept, this new hybrid model is applied to simulate a weak millisecond pulsar magnetosphere with realistic scales using high-resolution axisymmetric simulations. Magnetospheric features reported by previous kinetic models are recovered, and strong synchrotron radiation above 100MeV consistent with the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray pulsar population is successfully reproduced. This work further consolidates the shining reconnecting current sheet scenario as the origin of the gamma-ray emission in pulsars, as well as firmly establishes pulsar magnetospheres as at least TeV particle accelerators.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Distributions of Charged Hadrons Associated with High pT Particles
Creators: name: Wang, Fuqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results from STAR on angular correlations of charged hadrons associated with high transverse momentum particles are presented. Emphasis is put on the correlations of soft associated hadrons, which provide rich information on the properties of the bulk medium created in RHIC collisions. The results are discussed in the context of three pertinent questions regarding QGP formation: sufficient energy density, parton thermalization, and deconfinement.
description: 10 pages including 7 figures. Talk presented at the MIT Workshop on Correlations and Fluctuations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions, April 2005
MPEC 2024-A98 : 2024 AF2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AF2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Stabilisation Targets, Technical Change and the Macroeconomic Costs of Climate Change Control
Creators: name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Carraro, Carlo
name: Galeotti, Marzio
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Carraro, Carlo
name: Galeotti, Marzio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The issue of greenhouse gas (GHG) stabilization stands on three critical open questions. Namely, what are the impacts deriving from different levels of climate change and their distribution. What are the levels at which GHG concentration should be stabilized in order to avoid unacceptable impacts. And, finally, what are the costs and what are the instruments available to reach such stabilization targets. In the present paper, we address the latter question, in the specific attempt of shedding some light on the debated role of technological progress in lowering the costs of GHG stabilization. In particular, we use an optimal growth climate-economy model, where technical change is endogenously driven by learning by researching and learning by doing. In the model, when an ambitious stabilization target has to be reached, some additional technological innovation and diffusion is induced. The magnitude of this induced effect substantially affects the costs of stabilizing greenhouse gasses and may even make a well-designed climate policy a win-win strategy. A sensitivity analysis on the model crucial parameters is performed to account for structural and parametric uncertainties on learning effects, on the relationship between knowledge accumulation and the energy and carbon intensity of the economic system, and on the crowding out of investments in the energy sector R&D with respect to other research fields.
Impact of Garlic-infused Salt Supplement on Fly Abundance, Salt Intake, and Defensive Behaviors in Grazing Beef Cows
Creators: name: Durunna, Obioha
name: Lardner, Herbert
name: Durunna, Obioha
name: Lardner, Herbert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: cattle
subject: cow-calf
subject: garlic powder
subject: grazing
subject: pest-flies
subject: salt

description: This study evaluated the efficacy of free-choice feeding of garlic-infused salt as an alternative pest-fly control strategy in grazing beef cows. This on-farm study is relevant because pest-fly abundance during the summer can impact performance and may cause welfare concerns on beef cattle operations. Over two consecutive summers, three groups of grazing cows received either a trace-mineral salt (TMS) supplement or a TMS infused with garlic powder (GPTMS). The study assessed the treatment effects on fly abundance, defensive behavior, and salt consumption for each group. All cows grazed similar forage species. Fly abundance and defensive behaviors were evaluated in each group using digital imagery. The results showed no difference (P = 0.34) in monthly salt consumption among groups. There were differences (P < 0.0004) in fly abundance among groups where one GPTMS group had at least 47% fewer flies and 41% fewer defensive behaviors than the TMS groups. On the other hand, another group that received GPTMS in the second year did not differ (P = 0.07) in fly abundance when compared to its previous outcome when the group received the TMS in the first year. These differing results for fly abundance and defensive behavior in the groups that received the GPTMS suggest that the efficacy of this feeding strategy in cattle may be affected by differences in genetic or environmental factors or both. We recommended that future studies consider genomic breed compositions before assigning subjects to different groups. Additional studies are required to investigate the variation in individual supplement intake between treatment groups and whether infusing mineral supplements with garlic powder is associated with similar outcomes as salt.
How well does Learning-by-doing Explain Cost Reductions in a Carbon-free Energy Technology?
Creators: name: Nemet, Gregory F.
name: Nemet, Gregory F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The incorporation of experience curves has enhanced the treatment of technological change in models used to evaluate the cost of climate and energy policies. However, the set of activities that experience curves are assumed to capture is much broader than the set that can be characterized by learning-by-doing, the primary connection between experience curves and economic theory. How accurately do experience curves describe observed technological change? This study examines the case of photovoltaics (PV), a potentially important climate stabilization technology with robust technology dynamics. Empirical data are assembled to populate a simple engineering-based model identifying the most important factors affecting the cost of PV over the past three decades. The results indicate that learning from experience only weakly explains change in the most important cost-reducing factors' plant size, module efficiency, and the cost of silicon. They point to other explanatory variables to include in future models. Future work might also evaluate the potential for efficiency gains from policies that rely less on riding down the learning curve and more on creating incentives for firms to make investments in the types of cost-reducing activities quantified in this study.
Design strategies for repeated MRI scanning in multiple sclerosis clinical trials
Creators: name: Smith, Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A rising trend in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials is the inclusion of a cohort study in which patients undergo repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, most commonly at monthly intervals. Outcome measures for these cohorts are based on newly active lesions which are detected on the brain stem, and which are now commonly believed to be highly associated with MS exacerbations. These cohorts have the benefit of allowing researchers to see a clear treatment effect in a relatively shorter amount of time than with the more common clinical outcomes. Employing two large data sets, we attempt to address two distinct research topics relating to designs for such trials. The first topic is related to a published algorithm that uses placebo data to repeatedly simulate trials for a given efficacy as a means of producing sample size calculations. We present a validation of this algorithm, and propose a theoretical alternative to the recommended simulation. The second topic involves the question of optimal designs for repeated MRI trials in MS where the analysis will be based on summary statistics for the individual patients. Typically, designs have included one baseline scan, followed by several scans while under treatment. We develop a model for such data and an approach to examine optimality to recommend improvements to the most common choices for both the method of analysis and the design, such as the use of an ANCOVA model for the response, and the inclusion of multiple baselines as opposed to abundant treatment period scans.
Efficient texture-aware multi-GAN for image inpainting
Creators: name: Hedjazi, Mohamed Abbas
name: Genc, Yakup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent GAN-based (Generative adversarial networks) inpainting methods show remarkable improvements and generate plausible images using multi-stage networks or Contextual Attention Modules (CAM). However, these techniques increase the model complexity limiting their application in low-resource environments. Furthermore, they fail in generating high-resolution images with realistic texture details due to the GAN stability problem. Motivated by these observations, we propose a multi-GAN architecture improving both the performance and rendering efficiency. Our training schema optimizes the parameters of four progressive efficient generators and discriminators in an end-to-end manner. Filling in low-resolution images is less challenging for GANs due to the small dimensional space. Meanwhile, it guides higher resolution generators to learn the global structure consistency of the image. To constrain the inpainting task and ensure fine-grained textures, we adopt an LBP-based loss function to minimize the difference between the generated and the ground truth textures. We conduct our experiments on Places2 and CelebHQ datasets. Qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed method not only performs favorably against state-of-the-art algorithms but also speeds up the inference time.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, 11 tables
Can R&D-Inducing Green Tariffs Replace International Environmental Regulations?
Creators: name: Naghavi, Alireza
name: Naghavi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper investigates the link between trade and environment by exploring the effects of green tariffs on the location of firms, innovation and the environment. It shows that tariffs levied on polluting goods could result in less global pollution than harmonization of environmental standards by inducing more pollution abatement R&D, generating lower unit emissions from production, and reducing competition. Green tariffs reduce pollution by (1) shifting production to the region where environmental standards are respected, (2) strategically inducing abatement R&D by the Northern firm by granting the latter a higher market share, (3) creating abatement R&D by deterring delocation.
Fluid/solid transition in a hard-core system
Creators: name: Bowen, Lewis
name: Lyons, Russell
name: Radin, Charles
name: Winkler, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that a system of particles in the plane, interacting only with a certain hard-core constraint, undergoes a fluid/solid phase transition.
Municipal Waste Production, Economic Drivers, and 'New' Waste Policies: EKC Evidence from Italian Regional and Provincial Panel Data
Creators: name: Mazzanti, Massimiliano
name: Montini, Anna
name: Zoboli, Roberto
name: Mazzanti, Massimiliano
name: Montini, Anna
name: Zoboli, Roberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper provides empirical evidence on delinking and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for municipal waste production in Italy. First, methodological issues and literature on delinking and EKC for waste are critically re-examined. Secondly, we analyse two very disaggregated panel datasets on Italian Regions and Provinces (1996-2004 data for the 20 regions, 2000-2004 data for the 103 provinces) to estimate the extent to which delinking between waste production and economic drivers is taking place. The empirical analysis of different specifications shows mixed evidence in favour of an EKC relationship. Evidence supporting an EKC hypothesis significantly arises at a provincial level, which presents a very high data heterogeneity. Nevertheless, the turning point is at very high levels of added value per capita (around 23,000-26,000), which characterise a very limited number of wealthy (Northern) Italian provinces. The analysis does not reveal a similar evidence for the regional dataset: only a relative delinking dynamic emerges at the provincial level, we also note a positive relationship between waste production and the share of separated waste collection, which can be explained by the sharp difference in income and waste-policy performance between Northern and Southern Italy. Population density is not significant. Finally, the test on some policy proxies, i.e. the diffusion of the new waste tariff regime at the local-level and the ability of utilities to recover waste service cost, leads to the conclusion that they are not (yet) impacting waste production. To lower the turning points and to avoid an increasing gap between geographical areas, innovative (market based) and more effective policy instruments should be implemented. In particular, the weight of waste policies should be rebalanced towards waste prevention targets and instruments, in line with the priorities stated by the EU and Member Countries. In fact, the indirect feedback effect of good post-production waste management policies/practices on reducing waste production at a source can be weak and slow. In general, the results confirm that more geographically-disaggregated data may offer more insights with respect to cross-country datasets, also from the policy perspective.
Pore-forming ability and topological structure of the C-terminal domain of the Bordetella Pertussis Autotransporter BrkA
Creators: name: Shannon, Jennifer Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: One of the many virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is BrkA, which is involved in adherence and mediates resistance to antibody-dependent killing by complement. BrkA is a 103 kDa outer membrane protein that is proteolytically processed into a 73 kDa N-terminal domain and a 30 kDa C-terminal domain. It is also a member of the autotransporter family of proteins. With autotransporters, translocation of their N-terminal domains across the outer membrane is hypothesized to occur through a pore formed by their Cterminal domains, which adopt an amphipathic 6-barrel structure. However, neither pore-forming ability nor this topology has ever been shown for any of the autotransporters. To test pore formation by the BrkA C-terminal domain, black lipid bilayer experiments were performed, where insertion of pore-forming proteins into an artificial membrane causes measurable jumps in conductance. A His-tagged fusion form of the protein formed channels with an average size of 3.0 nS. Similar results were obtained with the fusion protein that was eluted from an SDS-PAGE gel. The addition of the 73 kDa BrkA N-terminal protein that had been purified in a similar way to the fusion protein, showed no increases in conductance; channels were again observed after addition of the BrkA C-terminal protein to the system. Similar results were obtained with protein from a clone containing a vector without the brkA insert. These results show that the C-terminal autotransporter domain of BrkA is capable of forming a pore. BrkA C-terminal protein that was purified from the outer membrane also formed channels. However, the protein could not be completely separated from other proteins that when extracted from a vector-only clone showed some pore-forming activity, although to a lesser extent. This data suggests that the BrkA Cterminal domain does form a pore in the outer membrane. To determine the topology of the BrkA C-terminal domain, a transposon-based method of generating 31 a.a. tags was employed because it produces random in-frame insertions. Four different insertions were obtained, but only two were in-frame. The anti-31 a.a. tag antibody worked in Western blots, but did not work in immunofluorescence, so the tag could not be localized. The results obtained from expression experiments confirmed the position of a transmebrane strand and a loop region, which agreed with my proposed model.
Refined Tsirelson Bounds on Multipartite Bell Inequalities
Creators: name: Lenny, Rain
name: Porath, Dana Ben
name: Cohen, Eliahu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite their importance, there is an on-going challenge characterizing multipartite quantum correlations. The Svetlichny and Mermin-Klyshko (MK) inequalities present constraints on correlations in multipartite systems, a violation of which allows to classify the correlations by using the non-separability property. In this work we present refined Tsirelson (quantum) bounds on these inequalities, derived from inequalities stemming from a fundamental constraint, tightly akin to quantum uncertainty. Unlike the original, known inequalities, our bounds do not consist of a single constant point but rather depend on correlations in specific subsystems (being local correlations for our bounds on the Svetlichny operators and bipartite correlations for our bounds on the MK operators). We analyze concrete examples in which our bounds are strictly tighter than the known bounds.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, comments are welcome
Cost Effectiveness in River Management: Evaluation of Integrated River Policy System in Tidal Ouse
Creators: name: Wang, Tao
name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The River Ouse forms a significant part of Humber river system, which drains about one fifth the land area of England and provides the largest fresh water source to the North Sea from UK. The river quality in the tidal river suffered from sag of dissolved oxygen (DO) during last few decades, deteriorated by the effluent discharges. The Environment Agency (EA) proposed to increase the water quality of Ouse by implementing more potent environmental policies. This paper explores the cost effectiveness of water management in the Tidal Ouse through various options by taking into account the variation of assimilative capacity of river water, both in static and dynamic scope of time. Reduction in both effluent discharges and water abstraction were considered along side with choice of effluent discharge location. Different instruments of environmental policy, the emission tax-subsidy (ETS) scheme and tradable pollution permits (TPP) systems were compared with the direct quantitative control approach. This paper at the last illustrated an empirical example to reach a particular water quality target in the tidal Ouse at the least cost, through a solution of constrained optimisation problem. The results suggested significant improvement in the water quality with less cost than current that will fail the target in low flow year.
A Physics-Guided Neural Network Framework for Elastic Plates: Comparison of Governing Equations-Based and Energy-Based Approaches
Creators: name: Li, Wei
name: Bazant, Martin Z.
name: Zhu, Juner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the obstacles hindering the scaling-up of the initial successes of machine learning in practical engineering applications is the dependence of the accuracy on the size of the database that "drives" the algorithms. Incorporating the already-known physical laws into the training process can significantly reduce the size of the required database. In this study, we establish a neural network-based computational framework to characterize the finite deformation of elastic plates, which in classic theories is described by the Föppl--von Kármán (FvK) equations with a set of boundary conditions (BCs). A neural network is constructed by taking the spatial coordinates as the input and the displacement field as the output to approximate the exact solution of the FvK equations. The physical information (PDEs, BCs, and potential energies) is then incorporated into the loss function, and a pseudo dataset is sampled without knowing the exact solution to finally train the neural network. The prediction accuracy of the modeling framework is carefully examined by applying it to four different loading cases: in-plane tension with non-uniformly distributed stretching forces, in-plane central-hole tension, out-of-plane deflection, and buckling under compression. \hl{Three ways of formulating the loss function are compared: 1) purely data-driven, 2) PDE-based, and 3) energy-based. Through the comparison with the finite element simulations, it is found that all the three approaches can characterize the elastic deformation of plates with a satisfactory accuracy if trained properly. Compared with incorporating the PDEs and BCs in the loss, using the total potential energy shows certain advantage in terms of the simplicity of hyperparameter tuning and the computational efficiency.
title: Паремии с компонентом-названием травянистых растений в русском языке на фоне китайского и корейского языков (лингвокультурологический аспект)
Creators: name: Нань, Яньхуа
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: В данной работе проводится линвокультурологический анализ русских паремий с компонентом-названием травянистых растений на фоне китайского и корейского языков, выявляются национально-специфические особенности паремий и отражаемых ими установок культуры. В работе предлагается алгоритм выявления ментальных установок культуры, уточняются речевые смыслы русских паремий, проводится их сопоставительный анализ с корейскими и китайскими единицами, что позволяет представить национально-культурную специфику паремий через установки культуры, символы и ассоциации. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о национальной самобытности паремиологических систем каждого из сопоставляемых языков, о существовании различий в использовании фитонимов в сходных по значению пословицах и поговорках разных языков.