cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Allotment garden products as contribution to sustainable and resilient cities : an analysis in Leipzig, Germany
Creators: name: Schäfer, Lotta
name: Kleemann, Janina
name: Spyra, Marcin
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 550

description: The food supply and the consumption of resources are already central challenges for the growing world population and increasing demands. Urban areas in particular face problems of resilience and sustainability. The development of alternative food systems by, e.g., urban gardening, can contribute to meet targets of sustainable consumption, inclusive economy, and resilient food systems of cities. Our research presents insights into the available harvest of products from allotments. In addition, the interest and motivation of gardeners to distribute products from their allotments was investigated. The analysis was based on a structured and standardized questionnaire with more than 90 allotment gardeners in Leipzig. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Our results showed that especially zucchinis, tomatoes, berries, and apples could be distributed to consumers; however, the greatest obstacle involves the legal framework to economically distribute products from these allotments. On the other hand, some respondents showed that income generation from allotment products is less important than the enjoyment of the garden and the charitable goal of action. They suggested an organized distribution system of surplus from allotments to particularly disadvantaged people. This paper encourages re-examination of the conventional urban–rural relations, the production–consumption relationships, and the norms of economic activity.
Deciphering timing and rates of Central German Chernozem/Phaeozem formation through high resolution single-grain luminescence dating
Creators: name: Suchodoletz, Hans
name: Van Meer, Mike
name: Kühn, Peter
name: Wiedner, Katja
name: Schunke, Torsten
name: Reimann, Tony
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 550

description: Chernozems/Phaeozems are important agricultural resources and have been intensively used for millennia. However, their origin and age are still controversial. In Europe, the westernmost widespread Chernozem/Phaeozem area is located in Central Germany. In contrast to other German regions with anthropogenic Chernozems/Phaeozems, their natural origin is suggested in connection with intensive bioturbation. Yet, radiocarbon is unsuitable for decoding Chernozem/Phaeozem formation so this hypothesis remains untested, whereas single-grain luminescence dating allows to discriminate between different soil sub-processes and formation phases. We applied single-grain feldspar luminescence to a Central German Chernozem that was buried during the Bronze Age and subsequently protected from pedogenic processes. For the first time, we could directly determine timing and rate of Chernozem/Phaeozem formation in Central Europe by dating bioturbation as the dominant soil forming process. Accordingly, Chernozem/Phaeozem formation started at the latest in the Early Holocene prior to Neolithic settlement indicating a natural origin of Central German Chernozems/Phaeozems, and Chernozem/Phaeozem formation ceased around 6–5 ka when the regional climate became more humid. Our effective soil reworking rates show that earthworm bioturbation in Chernozems/Phaeozems is more intense than ant-dominated bioturbation, but significantly less intense than bioturbation by lugworms or ploughing. The latter effect allows to identify prehistoric ploughing in paleosols.
UNITA common collaborative digital platform
Creators: name: Vlad, Petcu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: (English)
This deliverable is a software in English language, which already has some services available
in all UNITA languages, while others are going to pe further updated in order to include UNITA
languages as well. UNITA common collaborative digital platform is now accessible online at
this link: https://unitassotest.uvt.ro. The software is also put in a repository to be downloadable
as opensource software at this link: https://github.com/UNITA-Project/virtual-campus-apps.
The UNITA Virtual Campus, #UVC, will be a large scale educational, research and
management information system, designed to accommodate federated services for a diverse
and dynamic academic community. Its innovative construction is focused on the interconnection
of services and infrastructures. As such the #UVC provides a unified entry point
for users to access digital services and user-generated content according to their access level.
Also, the #UVC concept is based exclusively on open source technologies. The open-source
model for #UVC, is a decentralized software-development approach that encourages
collaboration. The source code, blueprints, and documentation are available for people of
interest. Open-source persuades the development of new features to overcome potential
limitations, share solutions and invite new collaborators in solving existing or potential issues
with the product. The functional prototype for the #UVC will put an emphasize on its security,
flexibility and scalability aspects both on the applications side and the number of users.
Low velocity limits of cold atom clocks
Creators: name: Muñoz, J.
name: Lizuain, I.
name: Muga, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental low-energy limits to the accuracy of quantum clock and stopwatch models in which the clock hand motion is activated by the presence of a particle in a region of space have been studied in the past, but their relevance for actual atomic clocks had not been assessed. In this work we address the effect of slow atomic quantum motion on Rabi and Ramsey resonance fringe patterns, as a perturbation of the results based on classical atomic motion. We find the dependence of the fractional error of the corresponding atomic clocks on the atomic velocity and interaction parameters.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Nonlinear stochastic wave equations: Blow-up of second moments in $L^2$-norm
Creators: name: Chow, Pao-Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15 (Primary) 60H05 (Secondary)

description: The paper is concerned with the problem of explosive solutions for a class of nonlinear stochastic wave equations in a domain $\mathcal{D}\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ for $d\leq3$. Under appropriate conditions on the initial data, the nonlinear term and the noise intensity is proved in Theorem 3.1 that the $L^2$-norm of the solution will blow up at a finite time in the mean-square sense. An example is given to show an application of the theorem.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AAP602 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Challenges, strategies and consequences from the perspective of German nursing home managers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic : a qualitative interview study
Creators: name: Sander, Marco
name: Dano, Richard
name: Bieber, Anja Martha
name: Dammermann, Anna
name: Fleischer, Steffen
name: Dinand, Claudia
name: Müller, Martin
name: Möhler, Ralph
name: Schultes, Kristin
name: Köpke, Sascha
name: Dichter, Martin N.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic reached Germany between March and May 2020. In order to contain the spread of the virus and particularly protect vulnerable people, the government imposed a lockdown in March 2020. In addition to infection control measures, such as hygiene and social distancing requirements, a general ban on access to nursing homes for relatives and external service providers was issued. Methods: To investigate the challenges and consequences of the enacted infection prevention measures and specific strategies for nursing homes in Germany, a multicentre cross-sectional qualitative interview study with nursing home managers and ward managers was conducted. Recorded audio data were transcribed, analysed using thematic framework analysis and reflected in peer debriefings. Results: Seventy-eight interviews with 40 nursing home managers and 38 ward managers from 43 German nursing homes were conducted. At organisational level, the following six themes were identified: Appointing a multi-professional crisis task force, reorganizing the use of building and spatial structures, continuous adaption and implementation of hygiene plans, adapting staff deployment to dynamically changing demands, managing additional communicative demands and relying on and resorting to informal networks. To deal with the pandemic challenges also six themes can be described for the direct care level: Changed routines, taking over non-nursing tasks, increased medical responsibility, increased documentation demands, promoting social participation and increased communication demands. Also various negative consequences were identified (four themes): Psychological stress, negative emotional consequences, permanent feeling of responsibility and increased potential for conflicts. Positive emotional consequences were also reported (two themes): resources for the challenges and positive emotional consequences for home managers and staff. Conclusions: The results of the described challenges, strategies and consequences allow recommendations as basis for possible approaches and successful adaptation processes in nursing home care in the future. In particular, there is a need for local networks to act in a coordinated way and a need for quantitative and qualitative support for nurses, such as staff support as well as advanced nursing practice, to cope with the challenges of the pandemic.
RNA binding proteins Smaug and Cup induce CCR4–NOT-dependent deadenylation of the nanos mRNA in a reconstituted system
Creators: name: Pekovic, Filip
name: Rammelt, Christiane
name: Kubíková, Jana
name: Metz, Jutta
name: Jeske, Mandy
name: Wahle, Elmar
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Posttranscriptional regulation of the maternal nanos mRNA is essential for the development of the anterior – posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo. The nanos RNA is regulated by the protein Smaug, which binds to Smaug recognition elements (SREs) in the nanos 3’-UTR and nucleates the assembly of a larger repressor complex including the eIF4E-T paralog Cup and five additional proteins. The Smaug-dependent complex represses translation of nanos and induces its deadenylation by the CCR4–NOT deadenylase. Here we report an in vitro reconstitution of the Drosophila CCR4–NOT complex and Smaug-dependent deadenylation. We find that Smaug by itself is sufficient to cause deadenylation by the Drosophila or human CCR4–NOT complexes in an SRE-dependent manner. CCR4–NOT subunits NOT10 and NOT11 are dispensable, but the NOT module, consisting of NOT2, NOT3 and the C-terminal part of NOT1, is required. Smaug interacts with the C-terminal domain of NOT3. Both catalytic subunits of CCR4–NOT contribute to Smaug-dependent deadenylation. Whereas the CCR4–NOT complex itself acts distributively, Smaug induces a processive behavior. The cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein (PABPC) has a minor inhibitory effect on Smaug-dependent deadenylation. Among the additional constituents of the Smaug-dependent repressor complex, Cup also facilitates CCR4–NOT-dependent deadenylation, both independently and in cooperation with Smaug.
TBX3 advances the developmental chromatin landscape towards the hepatic fate
Creators: name: Stephan, Tabea Leonie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Hepatocytes differentiate from definitive endoderm in response to external signaling cues. However, it is unclear how the hepatic lineage is specified and how transcription factors shape the chromatin to allow gene expression. In this study, we used a human stem cell model of liver development, differentiating cells stepwise into endodermal and hepatic progenitors combined with whole-genome epigenomic mapping. To assess the chromatin dynamics during differentiation, we mapped the histone modifications H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 using ChIP-seq at four time points. We used this data to identify 655,208 enhancers and 20,517 promoters and define their activation state across the differentiation. Enhancers were found to exhibit dynamic regulation, with many primed at the definitive endoderm. Tracing the fate of the primed enhancers, we identified hepatic-specific enhancers, which gained active histone modifications, in contrast to non-hepatic enhancers, that subsequently lost H3K4me1 after hepatic specification. Promoters were more stable than enhancers, but also showing dynamic patterns in their regulation. To identify regulating transcription factors, we performed ChIP-seq for two identified predicted regulators, TBX3 and HNF4A, before and after hepatic specification. TBX3, and to lesser extend HNF4A, bound to the hepatic enhancers and formed an interdependent network with known pioneer factors. Mechanistically, TBX3 bound both hepatic enhancers and promoters prior to H3K4 methylation, likely recruiting methyltransferase complexes through interactions with RbBP5. However, TBX3 binding was transient and H3K4 methylation was observed after eviction of TBX3. Interestingly, a subset of promoters that specifically gained H3K4me3 in hepatoblasts and showed immediate upregulation of gene expression was specifically bound by TBX3. This was in contrast to the majority of identified promoters that gained active histone modifications early on but required the activation of associated enhancers to increase gene expression. This suggests that TBX3 plays a role in identifying and priming hepatic enhancers and promoters during specification. These data revealed a very dynamic developmental chromatin landscape, that allowed us to identify TBX3 as a potential driver of hepatic cell identity. Our comprehensive developmental histone modification dataset will serve as a resource for researchers studying the possible reactivation of developmental processes in cancer or regeneration.
Frank-Condon principle and adjustment of optical waveguides with nonhomogeneous refractive indices
Creators: name: Man'ko, Vladimir I.
name: Mikheev, Leonid D.
name: Sergeevich, Alexandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adjustment of two different selfocs is considered using both exact formulas for the mode-connection coefficients expressed in terms of Hermite polynomials of several variables and a qualitative approach based on the Frank-Condon principle. Several examples of the refractive-index dependence are studied and illustrative plots for these examples are presented. The connection with the tomographic approach to quantum states of a two-dimensional oscillator and the Frank-Condon factors is established.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, published version (layout of figures changed, typos corrected, references added)
Spacelike B2-Slant Helix in Minkowski 4-Space
Creators: name: Önder, Mehmet
name: Kocayiğit, Hüseyin
name: Kazaz, Mustafa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C50, 53B30

description: In this paper, we give the characterizations of spacelike B2-slant helix by means of curvatures of the spacelike curve in Minkowski 4-space. Furthermore, we give the integral characterization of the spacelike B2-slant helix.
description: 8 pages
Sensitivity to the cutoff value in the quadratic adaptive integrate-and-fire model
Creators: name: Touboul, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The quadratic adaptive integrate-and-fire model (Izhikecih 2003, 2007) is recognized as very interesting for its computational efficiency and its ability to reproduce many behaviors observed in cortical neurons. For this reason it is currently widely used, in particular for large scale simulations of neural networks. This model emulates the dynamics of the membrane potential of a neuron together with an adaptation variable. The subthreshold dynamics is governed by a two-parameter differential equation, and a spike is emitted when the membrane potential variable reaches a given cutoff value. Subsequently the membrane potential is reset, and the adaptation variable is added a fixed value called the spike-triggered adaptation parameter. We show in this note that when the system does not converge to an equilibrium point, both variables of the subthreshold dynamical system blow up in finite time whatever the parameters of the dynamics. The cutoff is therefore essential for the model to be well defined and simulated. The divergence of the adaptation variable makes the system very sensitive to the cutoff: changing this parameter dramatically changes the spike patterns produced. Furthermore from a computational viewpoint, the fact that the adaptation variable blows up and the very sharp slope it has when the spike is emitted implies that the time step of the numerical simulation needs to be very small (or adaptive) in order to catch an accurate value of the adaptation at the time of the spike. It is not the case for the similar quartic (Touboul 2008) and exponential (Brette and Gerstner 2005) models whose adaptation variable does not blow up in finite time, and which are therefore very robust to changes in the cutoff value.
Colloquium: Phase transitions in polymers and liquids in electric fields
Creators: name: Tsori, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure and thermodynamic state of a system changes under the influence of external electric fields. Neutral systems are characterized by their dielectric constant epsilon, while charged ones also by their charge distribution. In this Colloquium several phenomena occurring in soft-matter systems in spatially uniform and nonuniform fields are surveyed and the role of the conductivity sigma and the linear or nonlinear dependency of epsilon on composition are identified. Uniform electric fields are responsible for elongation of droplets, for destabilization of interfaces between two liquids, and for mixing effects in liquid mixtures. Electric fields, when acting on phases with mesoscopic order, also give rise to block copolymer orientation, to destabilization of polymer-polymer interfaces, and to order-order phase transitions. The role of linear and nonlinear dependences of epsilon on composition will be elucidated in these systems. In addition to the dielectric anisotropy, existence of a finite conductivity leads to appearance of large stresses when these systems are subject to external fields and usually to a reduction in the voltages required for the instabilities or phase transitions to occur. Finally, phase transitions which occur in nonuniform fields are described and emphasis on the importance of epsilon and sigma is given.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures
Thermal and nonthermal dark matters with gravitational neutrino reheating
Creators: name: Haque, Md Riajul
name: Maity, Debaprasad
name: Mondal, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discussed in detail how neutrinos produced from inflaton solely through gravitational interaction can successfully reheat the universe. For this, we have introduced the well-known Type-I seesaw neutrino model. Depending on seesaw model parameters, two distinct reheating histories have been realized and dubbed as i) Neutrino dominating: Following the inflaton domination, the universe becomes neutrino dominated, and their subsequent decay concludes the reheating process, and ii) Neutrino heating: Despite being sub-dominant compared to inflaton energy, neutrinos efficiently heat the thermal bath and produce the radiation dominated universe. Imposing baryon asymmetric yield, the $ΔN_{\rm eff}$ constraint at Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) considering primordial gravitational waves (PGW), we have arrived at the following constraints on reheating equation of state to lie within $0.5\lesssim w_ϕ\lesssim1.0$. In these neutrino-driven reheating backgrounds, we further performed a detailed analysis of both thermal and non-thermal production of dark matter (DM), invoking two minimal models, namely the Higgs portal DM and classical QCD pseudo scalar axion. An interesting correlation between seemingly uncorrelated DM and Type-I seesaw parameters has emerged when confronting various direct and indirect observations. When DMs are set to freeze-in, freeze-out, or oscillate during reheating, new parameter spaces open, which could be potentially detectable in future experiments, paving an indirect way to look into the early universe in the laboratory.
description: 26 pages,14 figures, 3 tables, adds a new appendix, published in PRD
Join a Mission to Strengthen India's Digital Defense
Creators: name: p, max
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This movement is not merely about individual professional development; instead, it is about a much greater cause that includes the strengthening of national security in our increasingly online world. As India is becoming increasingly targeted by every type of cyber threat and attack, the need for highly trained professionals in this area has never been higher. We ask you to join us today and become a part of a dynamic group of committed defenders who are all working together towards the development of a more secure and safer online society for everyone.
Designing robust oil-repellent textile finishes using polymer brushes
Creators: name: Shabanian, Sadaf
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Liquid-repellent textile finishes have attracted considerable academic and industrial attention in recent years. These surfaces have broad applications in industries such as oil/water separation, stain resistance, anti-fouling, self-cleaning, textiles, and biomedicine. Perfluorinated substances are the most promising compounds for imparting durable water or oil repellency to textiles. However, these substances are persistent and bioaccumulate in the environment for thousands of years. Due to existing health and environmental concerns, environmental agencies have issued regulatory bans that will lead to their complete phase-out in the near future. Consequently, it is necessary to explore alternative liquid-repellent compounds with minimal toxicity. For decades, non-fluorinated surface chemistries were reported to exhibit zero or insignificant oil-repellency without fluorination. In this research, we develop design parameters for fabricating oil-repellent textile finishes using non-fluorinated surface chemistries. We introduce the first fluorine-free water and oil-repellent textile finish on a nylon jacket fabric using polydimethylsiloxane polymer brushes through a vapor deposition technique. The wettability equations utilized in this study suggest that, in theory, it is feasible to achieve durable oil repellency on a textured surface decorated with a smaller length scale texture on each fiber when the texture size, spacing and surface chemistry are properly controlled. The wettability equations are typically defined for a one-dimensional structure of the fabric while even monofilament fabrics have a three-dimensional structure. In this thesis, we examine a variety of monofilament and multifilament fabrics to evaluate the apparent contact angle and the breakthrough pressure of textured surfaces treated with a non-fluorinated surface chemistry for a range of low surface tension liquids. The accuracy of the existing theory in anticipating these values is explored. In an alternative approach to explore liquid repellent finishes, we apply perfluoropolyether polymer brushes to a nylon fabric using a single dip-coating method. The resulting coating exhibits robust water and oil repellency comparable to long-chain fluorinated finishes while its longest degradation byproduct is an ultra-short chain perfluorinated compound. Although further research is needed to determine the toxicity of its byproducts, perfluoropolyether-treated nylon exhibits superior wetting properties when compared to the short-chain perfluorinated compounds currently used in industry.
Color-octet scalar effects on Higgs boson production in gluon fusion
Creators: name: Boughezal, Radja
name: Petriello, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the gluon-fusion production of a Higgs boson in models with massive color-octet scalars in the ${\bf (8,1)_0}$ representation using an effective-theory approach. We derive a compact analytic expression for the relevant Wilson coefficient, and explain an interesting technical aspect of the calculation that requires inclusion of the quartic-scalar interactions at next-to-next-to-leading order. We perform a renormalization-group analysis of the scalar couplings to derive the allowed regions of parameter space, and present phenomenological results for both the Tevatron and the LHC. The modifications of the Higgs production cross section are large at both colliders, and can increase the Standard Model rate by more than a factor of two in allowed regions of parameter space. We estimate that stringent constraints on the color-octet scalar parameters can be obtained using the Tevatron exclusion limit on Higgs production.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Code for MNase-seq and ChIP-seq analysis
Creators: name: Oberbeckmann, Elisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Code used for the analysis of MNase-seq and ChIP-seq data from the publication "In vitro reconstitution of chromatin domains shows a role for nucleosome positioning in 3D genome organization".
1. Map fastq files with "fastq2bam.sh" to the SacCer3 genome. Prerequisite: Install bowtie, samtool and download the SacCer3 Bowtie indices.
2. MNase-seq: Import bam files into R with "MNase-seq-data-analysis.rmd", convert them to bigwig files and align them at +1 nucleosome positions or Reb1- or Abf1-binding sites from "Alignments_for_pGPV_X.rds" for Chr5-10 or "Alignments_for_pGP.rds" for all Chromosomes. Aligned data is saved and can be used to plot pile-up plots or to call nucleosome peaks and plot linker length etc. (in "MNase-seq-data-analysis.rmd").
3a.ChIP-seq: Import bam files into R with "ChIP-seq.R" and plot either heatmaps or composite plots of ChIP or MNase-seq data (Input). Heatmaps are sorted by in vivo Abf1 or Reb1 binding (e.g. "Sorted-Reb1-SLIM-ChIP-gene.rda").
3b. Call peaks from ChIP bam files with MACS2 and identify PWM motif in the peaks with MEME (ChIP-seq_MACS2-MEME.sh).
Spin dynamics in Heisenberg triangular antiferromagnets: A muSR study of LiCrO2
Creators: name: Olariu, A.
name: Mendels, P.
name: Bert, F.
name: Alexander, L. K.
name: Mahajan, A. V.
name: Hillier, A. D.
name: Amato, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a muSR study of LiCrO2, which has a magnetic lattice made up of a stacking of triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnetic (Cr3+, S = 3/2) layers. A static magnetically ordered state is observed below the transition temperature T_N = 62 K, while the expected peak of the relaxation rate is slightly shifted downward by a few kelvins below T_N. We draw a comparison with the isostructural compound NaCrO2, where an exotic broad fluctuating regime has been observed [A. Olariu, P. Mendels, F. Bert, B. G. Ueland, P. Schiffer, R. F. Berger, and R. J. Cava, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 167203 (2006)] and was suggested to originate from topological excitations of the triangular lattice. Replacing Na by Li strongly narrows the exotic fluctuating regime formerly observed in NaCrO2, which we attribute to a more pronounced inter-plane coupling in LiCrO2.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
AI in radiological imaging of soft-tissue and bone tumours: a systematic review evaluating against CLAIM and FUTURE-AI guidelines
Creators: name: Spaanderman, Douwe J.
name: Marzetti, Matthew
name: Wan, Xinyi
name: Scarsbrook, Andrew F.
name: Robinson, Philip
name: Oei, Edwin H. G.
name: Visser, Jacob J.
name: Hemke, Robert
name: van Langevelde, Kirsten
name: Hanff, David F.
name: van Leenders, Geert J. L. H.
name: Verhoef, Cornelis
name: Gruühagen, Dirk J.
name: Niessen, Wiro J.
name: Klein, Stefan
name: Starmans, Martijn P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Soft-tissue and bone tumours (STBT) are rare, diagnostically challenging lesions with variable clinical behaviours and treatment approaches. This systematic review provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods using radiological imaging for diagnosis and prognosis of these tumours, highlighting challenges in clinical translation, and evaluating study alignment with the Checklist for AI in Medical Imaging (CLAIM) and the FUTURE-AI international consensus guidelines for trustworthy and deployable AI to promote the clinical translation of AI methods. The review covered literature from several bibliographic databases, including papers published before 17/07/2024. Original research in peer-reviewed journals focused on radiology-based AI for diagnosing or prognosing primary STBT was included. Exclusion criteria were animal, cadaveric, or laboratory studies, and non-English papers. Abstracts were screened by two of three independent reviewers for eligibility. Eligible papers were assessed against guidelines by one of three independent reviewers. The search identified 15,015 abstracts, from which 325 articles were included for evaluation. Most studies performed moderately on CLAIM, averaging a score of 28.9$\pm$7.5 out of 53, but poorly on FUTURE-AI, averaging 5.1$\pm$2.1 out of 30. Imaging-AI tools for STBT remain at the proof-of-concept stage, indicating significant room for improvement. Future efforts by AI developers should focus on design (e.g. define unmet clinical need, intended clinical setting and how AI would be integrated in clinical workflow), development (e.g. build on previous work, explainability), evaluation (e.g. evaluating and addressing biases, evaluating AI against best practices), and data reproducibility and availability (making documented code and data publicly available). Following these recommendations could improve clinical translation of AI methods.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, 8 supplementary figures
Response Functions for a Granular Fluid
Creators: name: Dufty, James W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of an isolated granular fluid to small perturbations of the hydrodynamic fields is considered. The corresponding linear response functions are identified in terms of a formal solution to the Liouville equation including the effects of the cooling reference state. These functions are evaluated exactly in the asymptotic long wavelength limit and shown to represent hydrodynamic modes. More generally, the linear granular Navier-Stokes equations for the response functions and related Langevin equations are obtained from an extension of Mori's identity. The resulting Green-Kubo expressions for transport coefficients are compared and contrasted with those for a molecular fluid. Next the response functions are described in terms of an effective dynamics in the single particle phase space. A closed linear kinetic equation is obtained formally in terms of a linear two particle functional. This closure is evaluated for two examples: a short time Markovian approximation, and a low density expansion on length and time scales of the mean free time and mean free path. The former is a generalization of the revised Enskog kinetic theory to include velocity correlations. The latter is an extension of the Boltzmann equation to include the effects of recollisions (rings) among the particles.
description: To appear in the proceedings of YKIS2009 Frontiers in Nonequilibrium Physics, Progress in Theoretical Physics supplement 2010
The function $(b^x-a^x)/x$: Logarithmic convexity and applications to extended mean values
Creators: name: Qi, Feng
name: Guo, Bai-Ni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A51, 33B10, 26D07

description: In the present paper, we first prove the logarithmic convexity of the elementary function $\frac{b^x-a^x}x$, where $x\ne0$ and $b>a>0$. Basing on this, we then provide a simple proof for Schur-convex properties of the extended mean values, and, finally, discover some convexity related to the extended mean values.
description: 8 pages
A process simulation framework for continuous resistance welding of thermoplastic composites
Creators: name: Atkinson, Stephen Hamilton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Thermoplastic composites are increasingly being used in aerospace applications where a significant benefit is the ability to implement fusion bonding techniques (welding). Continuous resistance welding (CRW), a promising form of fusion bonding, uses a movable apparatus to incrementally heat sections of a resistive implant placed between parts by imposing electrical current and pressure to melt and fuse the interface. Precise temperature control is necessary to melt the polymer matrix while avoiding degradation however, direct in-situ measurement is invasive. Additionally, parameters such as boundary conditions, substructure properties, or part geometry may vary along the length of the weld. Therefore, a physics-based simulation framework using a systems definition was developed to determine appropriate pressure, power, and speed inputs required to achieve optimal results. Previously validated melt/crystallization kinetic models for the PEEK thermoplastic matrix were used to determine a quality metric for weld simulations based on prediction of melting and degradation. Analyzing the model outputs revealed a high degree of non-uniform heating both across the width (edge effects) and length of the weld with significant pre-heating providing insight into complications for potential control schemes. A parametric study was conducted and found the electrical parameters to be highly sensitive to thermal behaviour, especially the contact resistance of the electrode blocks. However, the thermal materials and boundary conditions were generally less sensitive or insensitive, including latent heat of melting allowing for decoupling of melting kinetics to simplify model implementation. Demonstration of the digital twin using the melt prediction quality metric was shown to successfully mitigate typical processing complications including boundary conditions, material changes, and a process stoppage. Future work is recommended to mitigate the non-uniform heating and uncertainty of the electrical parameters as well as utilize the framework to develop reduced order models to achieve accurate, fast simulation predictions for real-time control of the welding process.
Apathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of frequency, correlates, and outcomes
Creators: name: Kutlubaev, Mansur A.
name: Caga, Jashelle
name: Xu, Ying
name: Areprintseva, Daria K.
name: Pervushina, Ekaterina V.
name: Kiernan, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Objectives: To determine the frequency and correlates of apathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and its influence on the prognosis of the disease. Methods: Three databases were searched: MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Quantitative synthesis of the frequency of apathy in ALS was conducted using random effects in Stata (College Station, TX). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the association between frequency of apathy in ALS and different covariates. Results: Fifty-two studies (51 cohorts) were included in the analysis. The pooled frequency of apathy in ALS was 25% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14–35%) according to the studies that used self-rated tools and 34% (95% CI 27–41%) according to studies that used informant-rated tools. The emergence of apathy was associated with cognitive decline and bulbar onset of the disease. There was no consistent relationship between apathy and disease stage or the severity of depression. Structural brain imaging studies established that ALS patients with apathy exhibited more prominent changes with structural and functional brain imaging particularly involving fronto-subcortical regions of the brain. Overall, apathy worsened the long-term prognosis of ALS. Discussion: Apathy affects up to a third of ALS patients аnd develops in the context of progressive neurodegeneration. Increased awareness and understanding of non-motor symptoms in ALS highlights the potential utility of apathy as an outcome measure in future clinical trial design.
Gen-Swarms: Adapting Deep Generative Models to Swarms of Drones
Creators: name: Plou, Carlos
name: Pueyo, Pablo
name: Martinez-Cantin, Ruben
name: Schwager, Mac
name: Murillo, Ana C.
name: Montijano, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gen-Swarms is an innovative method that leverages and combines the capabilities of deep generative models with reactive navigation algorithms to automate the creation of drone shows. Advancements in deep generative models, particularly diffusion models, have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in generating high-quality 2D images. Building on this success, various works have extended diffusion models to 3D point cloud generation. In contrast, alternative generative models such as flow matching have been proposed, offering a simple and intuitive transition from noise to meaningful outputs. However, the application of flow matching models to 3D point cloud generation remains largely unexplored. Gen-Swarms adapts these models to automatically generate drone shows. Existing 3D point cloud generative models create point trajectories which are impractical for drone swarms. In contrast, our method not only generates accurate 3D shapes but also guides the swarm motion, producing smooth trajectories and accounting for potential collisions through a reactive navigation algorithm incorporated into the sampling process. For example, when given a text category like Airplane, Gen-Swarms can rapidly and continuously generate numerous variations of 3D airplane shapes. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach is particularly well-suited for drone shows, providing feasible trajectories, creating representative final shapes, and significantly enhancing the overall performance of drone show generation.
Fast learning rates in statistical inference through aggregation
Creators: name: Audibert, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G08 (Primary), 62H05, 68T10 (Secondary)

description: We develop minimax optimal risk bounds for the general learning task consisting in predicting as well as the best function in a reference set $\mathcal{G}$ up to the smallest possible additive term, called the convergence rate. When the reference set is finite and when $n$ denotes the size of the training data, we provide minimax convergence rates of the form $C(\frac{\log|\mathcal{G}|}{n})^v$ with tight evaluation of the positive constant $C$ and with exact $0
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS623 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Qureshi-5 Catheter for Complex Supra- and Abdominal-Aortic Catheterization
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Background—The use of previously described catheter technique was expanded to complex supra- and abdominal- aortic catheterizations. Methods—A new (Qureshi 5) catheter with curved shape at the distal end that has two lumens was used. One of lumens can accommodate a 0.035-inch guide wire and the second lumen can accommodate a 0.018- inch guide wire and terminates at the beginning of the distal curve of the first lumen. The manipulation and engagement of the curved distal end catheter was facilitated by rotation and movement of the J-shaped 0.018-inch guide wire extended coaxial and beyond the distal end of catheter. Subsequently, either contrast was injected or a 0.035-inch guide wire advanced into the target artery. Results—The catheters were used in one patient to perform diagnostic cerebral and abdominal angiography through a 6F introducer sheath placed in the right common femoral artery. The catheterization was complex because of severe tortuosity of arch and descending aorta secondary to kyphosis. The left and right internal carotid arteries and left and right vertebral arteries, left renal artery, and superior mesenteric artery were catheterized in patient (fluoroscopy time 19:46 min). No complications were observed in the patient. Conclusions—The Qureshi-5 catheter was successful in complex supra- and abdominal-aortic catheterizations.
Cahn-Hilliard model with Schlögl Reactions: interplay of equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase transitions. II. Memory effects
Creators: name: Mchedlov-Petrosyan, P. O.
name: Davydov, L. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work is a continuation of our previous paper [Condens. Matter Phys., 2020, 23, 33602: 1-17]. It is devoted to the modelling of the interplay of equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase transitions. The modelling of equilibrium phase transition is based on the modified Cahn-Hilliard equation. The non-equilibrium phase transition is modeled by the Second Schlögl reaction system. We consider the advancing front, which combines these both transitions. Different from the first article, we consider here the memory effects, i.e., the effects of non-Fickian diffusion. The traveling wave solution is obtained, and its dependence on the model parameters is studied in detail. The relative importance of memory effects for different process regimes is estimated.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.07597
On the full, strongly exceptional collections on toric varieties with Picard number three
Creators: name: Lason, Michal
name: Michalek, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate full strongly exceptional collections on smooth, com- plete toric varieties. We obtain explicit results for a large family of varieties with Picard number three, containing many of the families already known. We also describe the relations between the collections and the split of the push forward of the trivial line bundle by the toric Frobenius morphism.
Scaling of the glassy dynamics of soft repulsive particles: a mode-coupling approach
Creators: name: Berthier, Ludovic
name: Flenner, Elijah
name: Jacquin, Hugo
name: Szamel, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine the hyper-netted chain approximation of liquid state theory with the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition to analyze the structure and dynamics of soft spheres interacting via harmonic repulsion. We determine the locus of the fluid-glass dynamic transition in a temperature -- volume fraction phase diagram. The zero-temperature (hard sphere) glass transition influences the dynamics at finite temperatures in its vicinity. This directly implies a form of dynamic scaling for both the average relaxation time and dynamic susceptibilities quantifying dynamic heterogeneity. We discuss several qualitative disagreements between theory and existing simulations at equilibrium. Our theoretical results are, however, very similar to numerical results for the driven athermal dynamics of repulsive spheres, suggesting that `mean-field' mode-coupling approaches might be good starting points to describe these nonequilibrium dynamics.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Determination of the biquaternion divisors of zero, including the idempotents and nilpotents
Creators: name: Sangwine, Stephen J.
name: Alfsmann, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R52

description: The biquaternion (complexified quaternion) algebra contains idempotents (elements whose square remains unchanged) and nilpotents (elements whose square vanishes). It also contains divisors of zero (elements with vanishing norm). The idempotents and nilpotents are subsets of the divisors of zero. These facts have been reported in the literature, but remain obscure through not being gathered together using modern notation and terminology. Explicit formulae for finding all the idempotents, nilpotents and divisors of zero appear not to be available in the literature, and we rectify this with the present paper. Using several different representations for biquaternions, we present simple formulae for the idempotents, nilpotents and divisors of zero, and we show that the complex components of a biquaternion divisor of zero must have a sum of squares that vanishes, and that this condition is equivalent to two conditions on the inner product of the real and imaginary parts of the biquaternion, and the equality of the norms of the real and imaginary parts. We give numerical examples of nilpotents, idempotents and other divisors of zero. Finally, we conclude with a statement about the composition of the set of biquaternion divisors of zero, and its subsets, the idempotents and the nilpotents.
description: 7 pages