Notogynaphallia arturi Lemos & Leal-Zanchet, 2008, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Lemos, Virgínia Silva
name: Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Tricladida
Geoplanidae
Notogynaphallia
Notogynaphallia arturi

description: Notogynaphallia arturi sp. nov.
Notogynaphallia sp. 2 Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2000
Notogynaphallia sp. 1 Carbayo, Leal-Zanchet & Vieira, 2001 Notogynaphallia sp. 1 Carbayo, Leal-Zanchet & Vieira, 2002
Etymology: the specific epithet is in homage to Artur Soligo, manager of the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula (FLONA/SFP).
Type-material: Holotype: MZUSP PL.302: F. Carbayo, leg. 14.I.98 – Anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 17 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transversal sections on 15 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 20 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 19 slides. Paratypes: MZU PL.00073: F. Carbayo, leg. 19.X.96 – Pre-pharyngeal region: transversal sections on 11 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 10 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 37 slides; MZU PL.00074: F. Carbayo, 20.V.98 – preserved in ethanol 70%; MZU PL.00075: F. Carbayo, leg. 25.IX. 98 – Anterior region in two fragments: sagittal sections on 21 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transversal sections on 5 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 15 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 9 slides; MZU PL.00076: F. Carbayo, 29.IV. 99 – preserved in clove oil; MZU PL.00077: F. Carbayo, 26.VII.99 – copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 10 slides; MZU PL.00078: F. Carbayo, leg. 12.VIII.99 – copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 8 slides; MZU PL.00079: F. Carbayo, leg. 14.IX. 99 – pre-pharyngeal region: transversal sections on 7 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 12 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 16 slides; MZU PL.00080: M. Fontoura, leg. 23.V.2003 – Anterior tip: transversal sections on 7 slides; posterior tip: transversal sections on 7 slides.
Type-locality: São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Distribution: São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Diagnosis: Dorsum yellowish to light-brown with two dark brown lateral bands, wherein at the external and internal limits the very dense pigment creates, at each side of the dorsum, a lateral and a paramedian stripe; median stripe discontinued, sometimes indistinct; eyes dorsal, with inconspicuous clear halos; glandular margin absent; mc:h, 12-20%; esophagus absent; pharynx bell-shaped; foremost testes approximately level with ovaries, most posterior ones approximately level with ventral insertion of pharynx; efferent ducts open into anterior portion of prostatic vesicle; extrabulbar prostatic vesicle, oval-elongate, without bifurcation; male atrium long and highly folded, with histologically differentiated proximal and distal portions; oviducts emerging dorsally from median third of ovaries, and ascending behind gonopore; common glandular oviduct dorsal to female atrium; vagina curved dorso-anteriorly; female atrium oval-elongate and folded; male atrium approx. twice as long as female atrium.
Description
External morphology: Body elongate with parallel margins (Fig. 2), anterior end obtuse, posterior end pointed. When crawling, maximal length reaches 38 mm (Table 3). Mouth distance from anterior tip varies from 50% to 72% relatively to body length, gonopore from 71% to 81% (Table 3). Dorsal ground colour yellowish to light-brown; ventral one pale yellow or brownish with denser pigmentation at the margins. Live specimens with anterior tip brown, reddish or orange dorsally and ventrally. There are two dark-brown lateral bands overlaying the dorsal ground colour, whereby at the external and internal limits the very dense pigment creates, on each side of the dorsum, a paramedian and a lateral stripe (Figs. 2, 4 A-B). In addition, there is a discontinuous, sometimes indistinct, dark median stripe. Bands and stripes begin at ca. 1 mm from anterior tip (ca. 4% of body length of paratype MZU PL.00080) (Fig. 4 A). Near posterior end, on each side of body, paramedian and lateral stripes converge forming an elongated V (Fig. 4 B). At median third of body of paratype MZU PL.00080, lateral bands 0.5 mm wide (25% of body width). Paramedian and lateral stripes, respectively, ca. 0.1 mm wide (5% of body width) at median third of body of paratype MZU PL.00080.
Eyes, initially marginal and uniserial, contour anterior tip. In paratype MZU PL.00080, become pluriserial approximately 1 mm behind anterior tip (4% of body length). Approximately 2 mm behind anterior tip (ca.
9% of body length), they spread close to the sagittal plane, here being surrounded by inconspicuous clear halos (Fig. 4 A). After 4 mm behind anterior tip (ca. 17% of body length), become lateral and sparse (Fig 4 B). After fixation halos are indiscernible.
Internal morphology
Epidermis and musculature at pre-pharyngeal region: Width of creeping sole, measured in paratype MZU PL.00079 and holotype, represented, respectively, 70% and 95% of body width (Table 3).
Four types of secretory cells open through dorsal epidermis and body margins: (1) rhabdithogen cells with xanthophil secretion; (2) cells with coarse granulous erythrophil secretion; (3) cells with fine granulous erythrophil secretion; and (4) cells with amorphous cyanophil secretion. There is no glandular margin (Fig. 6). Creeping sole receives abundant cells with amorphous cyanophil secretion, and a small amount of cells with coarse erythrophil secretion, besides few rhabdithogen cells.
Cutaneous musculature with constitution similar to that described for N. pseudoceciliae. Longitudinal layer approximately three to five times higher than both the circular and oblique together. Cutaneous musculature higher paramedianly than medianly. Towards body margins progressively lower (Fig. 6). Dorsal cutaneous musculature higher than ventral. Mc:h 12% to 20% (Table 2).
Mesenchymatic musculature mainly composed of three layers: supra-intestinal transversal (approx. 11-16 fibers thick); sub-intestinal transversal (approx. 4-8 fibers thick); and subneural transversal (ca. 6-10 fibers thick). Dorsal subcutaneous layer with oblique fibers inconspicuous. Scattered ventral subcutaneous oblique fibers, besides some dorsoventral fibers. If existent, longitudinal fibers are indiscernible.
Pharynx (Fig. 8): Pharynx bell-shaped, highly folded. Mouth in median third of pharyngeal pouch, slightly posterior to dorsal insertion. No esophagus. Pharyngeal glands, with cell bodies in mesenchyme, mainly anteriorly to pharynx, of three types: cells with coarse granulous erythrophil secretion; cells with granulous slightly erythrophil secretion; and cells with amorphous cyanophil secretion. Outer and inner pharyngeal musculatures similar to those of N. pseudoceciliae, but more developed, each measuring ca. 40-50µm thick.
Reproductive apparatus: Testes begin at approximately the same level as ovaries and extend almost to the same level as the ventral insertion of pharynx (Table 3). Pre-pharyngeally, efferent ducts dorsal to oviducts, sometimes medianly displaced. Lateral to posterior third of pharyngeal pouch, efferent ducts become false seminal vesicles, which run until near to posterior end of prostatic vesicle, to then turn anteriorly, opening laterally into anterior third of prostatic vesicle (Fig. 16). Extrabulbar prostatic vesicle spacious, oval-elongate with a folded internal wall (Table 3, Figs. 16, 17, 19, 20). Entering penis bulb, vesicle narrows, constituting a sinuous ejaculatory duct, which opens, dorsally dislocated, into male atrium (Figs. 16, 17, 19). Male atrium oval-elongate (Table 3, Figs. 16, 17, 19, 20) with abundant folds which are higher and more irregular in shape dorsally than ventrally.
Lining epithelium of efferent ducts cuboidal ciliated, underlain by a thin muscularis composed of mainly circular fibers. Prostatic vesicle lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, ciliated, traversed by two gland types with granulous secretion and cell bodies in surrounding mesenchyme: abundant cells with erythrophil secretion and fewer cells with xanthophil secretion. Muscularis of vesicle (ca. 20-35µm thick) composed of interwoven circular and longitudinal fibers. Lining epithelium of ejaculatory duct columnar, ciliated, receiving openings of cyanophil cells with cell body in the mesenchyme, external to common muscle coat. Ejaculatory duct muscularis thin (ca. 5µm thick) with intermixed circular and longitudinal fibers.
Male atrium lined with cuboidal to columnar non-ciliated, epithelial cells with xanthophil irregular apical surface. Three types of secretory cells pierce the epithelium: numerous cells with granulous xanthophil secretion, cells with granulous erythrophil secretion, and cells with amorphous cyanophil secretion. The three types of cells with bodies external to common muscle coat in surrounding mesenchyme. Openings from secretory cells more numerous distally and in the ventral male atrial wall. Muscularis thin (10-15µm), mainly constituted of circular fibers with few intermixed longitudinal fibers, becoming thinner in proximal atrial region, towards ejaculatory duct opening, as well as in dorsal wall of male atrium.
FIGURES 17–22. Copulatory apparatus of N. arturi sp. nov. in sagittal sections: male (17) and female (18) copulatory organs of the holotype; male copulatory organs of the paratype MZU PL.00073 (19); male (20) and female (21) copulatory organs of the paratype MZU PL.00079; copulatory organs of the paratype MZU PL.00078 (22). (cov) common glandular oviduct, (cf) circular fold, (ej) ejaculatory duct, (fa) female atrium, (go) gonopore, (ma) male atrium, (ov) oviducts, (pv) prostatic vesicle, (sg) shell glands, (va) vagina. Arrow: holocrine secretion. Scale bar: 500 µm.
Ovaries oval-elongate, measuring ca. 0.3 mm anterior-posteriorly and 0.1 mm dorso-ventrally. Oviducts arise from dorsal side of median third of ovaries and run posteriorly, immediately above nerve plate. Behind gonopore, oviducts proceed dorsomediad, to join above female atrium, here forming common glandular oviduct which continues backwards, to communicate with vagina (Fig. 16). This is a dorso-anteriad curved diverticulum of female atrium. Female atrium oval-elongate, the length of which corresponds to half that of the male atrium, with ample cavity and folded walls (Table 3, Figs. 16, 18, 21).
Paired oviducts as well as common glandular oviduct lined with cuboidal to columnar ciliated epithelium, and coated with mixed circular and longitudinal fibers. Shell glands with xanthophil secretion opening into distal quarter of ascending portion of paired oviducts, and also into common glandular oviduct (Figs. 16, 18).
Epithelium lining vagina and female atrium tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium, irregular in height, ciliated in the ental portion of vagina, and with irregular and xanthophil apical surface in the atrium. Glands with either cyanophil amorphous or granulous erythrophil secretions, both with cell bodies external to common muscle coat, besides glands with granulous xanthophil secretion with cell bodies internal to common muscle coat, all discharge into whole epithelium. Muscularis of vagina and female atrium, thicker in the female atrium (approx. 32 - 64 Μm), consisting of interwoven longitudinal, circular, and oblique fibers.
Straight gonopore canal. Dorsal fold, posterior to the level of gonopore canal, leads to the venter (Figs. 16, 19), inclining anteriorly, to finally fuses with ventral wall of female atrium.
Common muscle coat (approx. 12 - 30 Μm thick) constituted of longitudinal with several mixed circular and oblique fibers. Between muscularis and common muscle coat, a stroma with muscle fibers variously oriented.
Remarks: The pharynx and copulatory apparatus are extremely contracted in the holotype. In paratypes MZU PL.00075 and MZU PL.00079, the dorsal insertion of the pharynx is located at the end of the anterior third of the pharyngeal pouch. There are well-developed yolk glands in the holotype; these in an earlier developmental stage in paratype MZU PL.00073, and inconspicuous in paratypes MZU PL.00075 and MZU PL.00079. Paratype MZU PL.00079 shows ovaries in an early stage of maturation with small ovocytes. Paratypes MZU PL.00077 and MZU PL.00078 each reveal a copulatory apparatus in an earlier stage of development (Fig. 22), with incompletely formed gonopore canal, vagina, and common glandular oviduct. Paratypes MZU PL.00075, MZU PL.00077, MZU PL.00078, and MZU PL.00079 present a circular ental fold in the male atrium, with the ejaculatory duct opening into the bottom (Figs. 20, 22). The very contracted copulatory apparatus of paratype MZU PL.00079 shows higher folds in the ventral wall of male atrium than in the dorsal wall. In the holotype (Figs. 16, 18), as well as in the paratypes MZU PL.00073 and MZU PL.00079, there is an abundant holocrine secretion in the lumen of the female atrium. The holotype oviposited between a half and 2 hours before fixation. Secretory cells of the copulatory apparatus were described based on the holotype and paratype MZU PL.00079.
description: Published as part of Lemos, Virgínia Silva & Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria, 2008, Two new species of Notogynaphallia Ogren & Kawakatsu (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) from Southern Brazil, pp. 28-46 in Zootaxa 1907 on pages 38-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184508