cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time Norms in the Workplace: Their Exclusionary Effect and Potential for Change
Creators: name: Smith, Belinda M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2002

description: Americans who wish to participate in paid work and have a family are confronted with many different barriers to a satisfactory combination of the two. One significant barrier is the prevalence of full-time positions as the dominant form of employment. This article explores the role played by law in perpetuating exclusionary working time norms and the way it also offers some scope for challenging them. The lack of legitimate part-time jobs limits the options that people have to successfully combine the demands of employment and family. Family responsibilities impose time demands. The long hours of full-time employment positions, and the inflexible schedules that often go with those hours expectations, are not clearly compatible with these family demands. Part-time jobs are generally less available and less legitimate in that they are usually paid at a lower rate than their full-time counterparts, do not offer comparable or even proportional benefits, and amount to contingent employment or the career mommy-track.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 11 No. 2 (2002)
Eschenburg space as gravity dual of flavored N=4 Chern-Simons-matter theory
Creators: name: Fujita, Mitsutoshi
name: Tai, Ta-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find 3D flavored N=4 Chern-Simons-matter theory, a kind of N=3 SCFT, has a gravity dual AdS4xM7(t1,t2,t3) where three coprime parameters can be read off according to the number and charge of 5-branes in Type IIB setup. Because M7(t1,t2,t3) has been known in literatures as Eschenburg space, we exploit some of its properties to examine the correspondence between two sides.
description: 23 pages; v2: references added, eq. (4.3) corrected, minor changes v3: to be published in JHEP
On Regular Courant Algebroids
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Stienon, Mathieu
name: Xu, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14F40

description: For any regular Courant algebroid, we construct a characteristic class a la Chern-Weil. This intrinsic invariant of the Courant algebroid is a degree-3 class in its naive cohomology. When the Courant algebroid is exact, it reduces to the Severa class (in H^3_{DR}(M)). On the other hand, when the Courant algebroid is a quadratic Lie algebra g, it coincides with the class of the Cartan 3-form (in H^3(g)). We also give a complete classification of regular Courant algebroids and discuss its relation to the characteristic class.
description: Section 3.3 and references added; An error about classification is corrected
Indigenous youth access of support for mental health and wellness in schools and community : a case study
Creators: name: Nelson, Melanie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: There have been calls for improved mental health services for Indigenous communities (Truth and Reconciliation Canada, 2015) and students (British Columbia Teacher’s Federation, 2015). Given most Indigenous youth attend public school (British Columbia Ministry of Education, 2021), support for mental health and wellness should be targeted there (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1996). The purpose of this study was to explore what Indigenous youth do to support their mental health and wellness in schools and community using an embedded single case study approach guided by an Indigenous Storywork framework. Two Cultural Support Persons, four community members, and six youth completed semi-structured interviews. The results are organized into ten themes. Three themes are identified with respect to Research Question 1 (How does traditional Squamish Nation understanding of wellness influence what students do to support their wellness in schools and community?) including the Importance of Connection, Maintaining Balance, and Signs of Unwellness. Four themes are discussed in the context of Research Question 2 (What do Squamish youth do to support their mental health and wellness in their schools and community?) including Wellness Through the Four Realms, People Youth Look to for Support, Significance of Culture and Language, and Western Mental Health is Valued. The other three themes are discussed with respect to Research Question 3 (What factors influence what Squamish youth do to support their mental health and wellness?), which included School is Valued but Difficult, Ongoing Lateral Violence, and Dependency and Unwellness.
The Crisis of Child Custody: A History of the Birth of Family Law in England
Creators: name: Wright, Danaya C.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2002

description: In 1856 the House of Lords engaged in extensive debates over the introduction of a bill that would reform the law of divorce in England. Numerous critics of the law complained that the cost and complexities of jurisdiction foreclosed the remedy to the poor, while many women complained that the dual standards for obtaining a divorce were unfair to women. To get a divorce, a husband (and it was only husbands) had to bring a criminal conversation action against his wife’s lover and get an award of damages, obtain a legal separation in the ecclesiastical courts, then petition both Houses of Parliament for a separate bill of divorce allowing him to remarry. The total cost could easily surpass £1,000. A woman generally could not get a divorce, nor could she sue her husband’s mistress for alienation of his affections. She could only obtain a legal separation in the ecclesiastical court that gave her no right to remarry, and any alimony order out of the ecclesiastical court was unenforceable without a petition for enforcement in the Royal Courts. It was not unexpected, therefore, that during a period of intense law reform, Britons would challenge the unwieldy and uneven laws of divorce. In the 1856-57 debates, Parliament focused primarily on two issues: simplifying the process in order to make justice available to a wider class of litigants and equalizing the rights of husbands and wives to seek absolute divorce. In the end, a bill was passed in 1857, to take effect January 1, 1858, establishing a unitary court with jurisdiction over all matrimonial matters, thus expanding the court’s availability to a greater percentage of the population, though still not bringing justice to the poor who could not afford the fees or the trip to London where the court sat. Furthermore, in a compromise between those who wanted the law to imitate the Scottish law of divorce granting both husbands and wives equal rights to seek divorce, and those who wanted to entirely foreclose the possibility to wives, the final bill granted husbands the right to an absolute divorce upon evidence of mere adultery by their wives, but wives needed to prove aggravated adultery to petition for the same remedy. This law stood relatively unchanged until 1937 when desertion, cruelty, habitual drunkenness, and incurable insanity were added as fault bases that stood alone.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 11 No. 2 (2002)
Prediction Of A Multi-Center Bonded Solid Boron Hydride for Hydrogen Storage
Creators: name: Abtew, T. A.
name: Shih, Bi-ching
name: Dev, Pratibha
name: Crespi, Vincent H.
name: Zhang, Peihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ideal material for on-board hydrogen storage must release hydrogen at practical temperature and pressure and also regenerate efficiently under similarly gentle conditions. Therefore, thermodynamically, the hydride material must lie within a narrow range near the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation phase boundary. Materials involving only conventional bonding mechanisms are unlikely to meet these requirements. In contrast, materials containing certain frustrated bonding are designed to be on the verge of frustration-induced phase transition, and they may be better suited for hydrogen storage. Here we propose a novel layered solid boron hydride and show its potential for hydrogen storage. The absence of soft phonon modes confirms the dynamical stability of the structure. Charging the structure significantly softens hydrogen-related phonon modes. Boron-related phonons, in contrast, are either hardened or not significantly affected by electron doping. These results suggest that electrochemical charging may facilitate hydrogen release while the underlying boron network remains intact for subsequent rehydrogenation.
description: 6 pages, 6 Figures submitted
Breeder at Law
Creators: name: Momberger, Karla
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2002

description: I realized soon into this project that the most difficult part might be identifying what, exactly, this paper is about. It’s not that easy to do, especially when everything seems so connected. But you should be aware that I am writing from an extremely confident perspective; today I got a fortune in a cookie that says: Everyone agrees you are the best. Well, if everyone agrees, it must be true-isn’t my existence a series of reflections off other people? This paper is about an embodied law school experience, and what that experience indicates about corporeality in the legal system in general. It’s about paying for school with my body. What price is exacted is uncertain. It’s about existing in a body that is out of bounds, and about becoming the multiple reflections of how others perceive my embodiedness. It’s about the bizarre realm of biotechnology, infertility, and reproduction. It’s about the ways that gender, race, class, and sexuality interplay in this arena. It’s about learning to negotiate your value in the very specific terms of the dollar amount your genetic inheritance is worth. It’s about how the dollar value changes based on who you are, and who you are perceived to be. This paper is also about fighting with your Mom. It’s about knowing you have a steep hill to climb in order to gain legitimacy in traditional ways, and what it means to try to go around that hill. This story is about learning to police yourself, about living in a modem, technologically-dependent society. It’s about what it means to be a polluter in such a society, and how pollution rituals weave the fabric of society. It’s about why the law echoes, creates, and recreates that fabric of pollution and purity.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002)
Oligodon sublineatus DB.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Colubridae
Oligodon
Oligodon sublineatus

description: Oligodon sublineatus DB.
Peradenia v. d. Hh. Dr. Sarasin. [l]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 679, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Numerical studies of variable-range hopping in one-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Rodin, A. S.
name: Fogler, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hopping transport in a one-dimensional system is studied numerically. A fast algorithm is devised to find the lowest-resistance path at arbitrary electric field. Probability distribution functions of individual resistances on the path and the net resistance are calculated and fitted to compact analytic formulas. Qualitative differences between statistics of resistance fluctuations in Ohmic and non-Ohmic regimes are elucidated. The results are compared with prior theoretical and experimental work on the subject.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. Published version
waveSLAM: Empowering Accurate Indoor Mapping Using Off-the-Shelf Millimeter-wave Self-sensing
Creators: name: Picazo, Pablo
name: Groshev, Milan
name: Blanco, Alejandro
name: Fiandrino, Claudio
name: de la Oliva, Antonio
name: Widmer, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of waveSLAM, a low-cost mobile robot system that uses the millimetre wave (mmWave) communication devices to enhance the indoor mapping process targeting environments with reduced visibility or glass/mirror walls. A unique feature of waveSLAM is that it only leverages existing Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware (Lidar and mmWave radios) that are mounted on mobile robots to improve the accurate indoor mapping achieved with optical sensors. The key intuition behind the waveSLAM design is that while the mobile robots moves freely, the mmWave radios can periodically exchange angle and distance estimates between themselves (self-sensing) by bouncing the signal from the environment, thus enabling accurate estimates of the target object/material surface. Our experiments verify that waveSLAM can archive cm-level accuracy with errors below 22 cm and 20deg in angle orientation which is compatible with Lidar when building indoor maps.
Development of a novel method to estimate kinetic micro-parameters in dynamic whole-body PET imaging protocols
Creators: name: Lee, Kyung-Nam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: For whole-body (WB) kinetic modeling based on a typical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner, a multi-pass multi-bed scanning protocol is necessary because of the limited axial field of view. Such a protocol introduces loss of early dynamics in the time-activity curves (TACs) and sparsity in TAC measurements; thus inducing uncertainty in parameter estimation when using least squares estimation (LSE) (i.e., common standard), especially for kinetic micro-parameters. To address the issue above, this thesis proposes a method that can estimate micro-parameters by building a reference TAC database, and selecting optimal parameters based on analysis of multiple aspects of the TACs, while in our assessment of performance compared to conventional methods we focus on general image qualities, overall visibility, and tumor detectability. To achieve the research goal above, we developed a novel parameter estimation method called parameter combination-driven estimation (PCDE), which has two distinctive characteristics:1) improved capability of finding a correct correlation between early and late TACs at the cost of the resolution of the estimated parameter, and 2) exploitation of multiple aspects of TAC. To compare the general image quality between the two methods, we plotted tradeoff curves for the normalized bias (NBias) and the normalized standard deviation (NSD). We also evaluated the impact of different iteration numbers of the ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction algorithm on the tradeoff curves. In addition, for overall visibility, which is a measure of the capability of identifying suspicious lesions in WB (i.e., global inspection), the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial noise (NSDspatial) were calculated and compared. Furthermore, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and relative error of the tumor-to-background ratio (RETBR) were calculated to compare tumor detectability within a specific organ (i.e., local inspection). Through the proposed method, the improved general image quality, overall visibility, and tumor detectability were verified in micro-parametric images with OSEM reconstructions. We expect our work to contribute to opening the door to use of a typical PET scanner to reliably estimate kinetic micro-parameters in WB imaging, which has been so far very challenging owing to significant uncertainties in estimates when using LSE methods.
Categorical Exclusions: Exploring Legal Responses to Health Care Discrimination Against Transsexuals
Creators: name: Hong, Kari I.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2002

description: Health insurance has an enormous impact on determining who receives medical care. If a policy does not cover a particular treatment, an individual in need of care either pays for the medical procedure from her own resources or foregoes treatment altogether. When a person’s income, rather than her established medical need, determines the quantity and quality of care she receives, society is confronted with troubling ethical questions of what type of medical delivery system it provides for its citizens. Although this is an important inquiry, I begin this article by focusing on another disquieting aspect of health care access: How does the legal system respond to private insurers that do not cover treatments because of their dislike of a patient or their hostility toward a patient’s condition? To date, the federal government has initiated two sweeping measures to protect patients who are denied health care for improper reasons. In 1965 Congress enacted the Medicaid Act to provide minimal medical care to lower-income individuals. One of its most important components prevents state legislatures from refusing treatment or reducing payment for a targeted or singled-out medically necessary condition. When a Medicaid recipient believes she is being unfairly denied medical treatment, she can turn to the federal courts to ensure that a state legislature’s coverage of health conditions is based on proper medical and fiscal criteria.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002)
Supplementary document for Histogram classifications for rapid time-domain fluorescence lifetime image analysis - 5269167.pdf
Creators: name: Li, Yahui
name: Sapermsap, Dong
name: Yu, Jun
name: Tian, Jinshou
name: Chen, Yu
name: Li, David
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Lifetime determination algorithms
Electronical supplementary, figure S3 from Vocal repertoire, micro-geographical variation and within-species acoustic partitioning in a highly colonial pinniped, the Cape fur seal
Creators: name: Martin, Mathilde
name: Gridley, Tess
name: Harvey Elwen, Simon
name: Charrier, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: figure S3. Comparison of accuracy of prediction of female-attraction calls per sex category, obtained by chance or using the balanced Random Forest algorithm performed with 9 variables (Dur, f0, Fmax1, Fmax2, Fmax3, Q25, Q75, Ebelow2000, Bdw12).
Victim or Vamp? Images of Violent Women in the Criminal Justice System
Creators: name: Keitner, Chimène L.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2002

description: The uncritical resort to sex-role stereotypes pervades the trials, sentencings, and media reactions to women who receive the death penalty. Although ideas of sex-appropriate behavior influence innumerable aspects of social relations, their influence in the criminal justice setting can be particularly invidious. In a given trial, a woman defendant’s failure to conform to traditional notions of womanhood may lead judges and juries to believe that she is more likely to have committed the offense with which she is charged, to impute a higher degree of mens rea to her criminal action, or to condemn her more harshly for criminal behavior. On a general level, the condemnation of women who, in addition to committing criminal acts, also transgress other sex-role stereotypes, reinforces ideas of deviance and normalcy that can confine women to traditional roles of passivity and helplessness. While sex discrimination is increasingly recognized as a pervasive feature of many societal institutions and practices, its full range and implications have yet to be charted. The critique of sexism in the criminal justice system tends to be localized to certain arenas, such as the law of rape and domestic violence. Other features of the system, such as the gender segregation of prisons and the widely disparate incarceration rates for men and women, draw relatively little critical attention by comparison. The widespread association of criminality-and especially violence-with men facilitates this oversight, as the naturalization of “male” and “female” insulates certain gender-related disparities from scrutiny. With this in mind, it is important to investigate the ways in which sex stereotyping and gender bias affect the indictment, conviction, and sentencing of women. This article focuses on one aspect of this too-often hidden story: the elements of gender bias in capital punishment, and how these play themselves out in broader societal understandings and practices surrounding the use of violence by women. The symbolic embodiment of justice in a female figure belies the fact that the majority of law-makers, law-enforcers, law-interpreters, and law-breakers are male. The masculinist assumptions embedded in our criminal justice system mirror and reinforce paradigms of social normalcy and deviance. While more men are convicted and incarcerated than women, this phenomenon itself reinforces the image of the “criminal woman” as “doubly deviant,” and even “doubly damned.” The answer is not to incarcerate more women just for statistical equality, but rather to discourage the destructive perpetuation of sex-role stereotypes by the organs through which criminal justice norms are articulated and promulgated, including the, the bar, bench, and media.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002)
On the Gauss map of embedded minimal tubes
Creators: name: Reshetnikova, Irina M.
name: Tkachev, Vladimir G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10; 53C42

description: A surface is called a tube if its level-sets with respect to some coordinate function (the axis of the surface) are compact. Any tube of zero mean curvature has an invariant, the so-called flow vector. We study how the geometry of the Gaussian image of a higher-dimensional minimal tube M is controlled by the angle alpha(M) between the axis and the flow vector of M. We prove that the diameter of the Gauss image of M is at least 2alpha(M). As a consequence we derive an estimate on the length of a two-dimensional minimal tube M in terms of alpha(\M) and the total Gaussian curvature of M.
Let the Truth Be Told: Proposed Hearsay Exceptions to Admit Domestic Violence Victims’ Out of Court Statements as Substantive Evidence
Creators: name: Beloof, Douglas E.
name: Shapiro, Joel
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2002

description: The hearsay rule that excludes the reliable initial report of abuse by the domestic violence victim mocks the truth-finding process because victims’ false recantations or failure to appear at trial (hereinafter “no- show”) are the norm in domestic violence cases. Batterers pressure domestic violence victims to recant, which typically results in the failure of victims to appear or, alternatively, in testimony at trial that is less reliable than the victim’s initial report of the abuse. When a domestic violence victim fails to appear for trial because of a batterer’s coercion, fear of the batterer, or the potentially drastic consequences of leaving the batterer, the hearsay rule promotes the failure of the criminal case by excluding the initial report of abuse. As the hearsay rule excludes out of court statements of abuse, recantation or no-show by the victim results in no charge, dismissal, or acquittal. In most jurisdictions, the hearsay rule prohibits the use of domestic violence victims’ initial report of abuse as substantive evidence. Reform efforts within the criminal justice system designed to address the epidemic of domestic violence have failed to address hearsay problems and instead have focused on adoption of other informal and formal policy initiatives. This article argues that given that victims recant or fail to appear at trial in the majority of domestic violence cases, existing exceptions to the hearsay rule are inadequate to achieve truth-finding in these cases. The article proposes and analyses the constitutionality of two hearsay exceptions that provide solutions to the problem of the inadmissibility of the victim’s initial report. The proposed exceptions would greatly enhance truth-finding.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002)
BOOK REVIEW: Elizabeth M. Schneider, Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000)
Creators: name: Groisser, Suzanne J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2001

description: Domestic violence is a problem of epidemic proportions plaguing our society. Nearly 1.9 million women are battered each year in the United States’ and approximately sixty percent of all women murdered are killed by a present or former intimate partner. While there have been important advances in legal remedies for battered women over the past twenty years, including federal legislation such as the Violence Against Women Act and state laws specifically addressing domestic violence, there remain many obstacles-legal and social-which battered women, their advocates and attorneys, and legal scholars must confront. Given the prevalence of these problems, the issue of domestic violence should no longer be marginalized nor omitted from law school curricula. In Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking, Brooklyn Law School Professor Elizabeth Schneider provides an outstanding critical overview of the history of the battered women’s movement and the complex legal and social issues facing battered women. This book is unique in the way it challenges the legal approaches historically used to address the issue of battering and provides both a theoretical and practical roadmap for legal and social reform. Schneider adopts a feminist theoretical approach, which links theory with practice, to analyze the legal and social responses to domestic violence over the last two decades. At the core of this book is the call to recognize that domestic violence is not an isolated problem, but, rather, is embedded in gender inequality that permeates our society.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2001)
Postcolonial Erotic Disruptions: Legal Narratives of Culture, Sex, and Nation in India
Creators: name: Kapur, Ratna
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2001

description: In a recent diasporic production called “Fire,” the film’s director Deepa Mehta represents the dilemma of culture and authenticity that I seek to voice through this paper. The story involves the attraction between two rather stunningly beautiful women, Radha and Sita, who live together in a joint family household ruled by the bell of their mute mother-in-law. Their husbands are involved in other pursuits- whether it be celibacy for the purpose of finding spiritual salvation, or a sexual relationship with another woman who happens to be Chinese. Radha and Sita, whose names are the repositories of Indian cultural values in ancient texts and scriptures, are reimagined in the contemporary moment to transgress nearly every sexual, familial and cultural norm that constitutes India as it is imagined. The two women’s appropriation of rituals such as kharvachauth, a fast kept by wives to secure the longevity of their husbands, constitutes a celebratory moment when they trespass into an “unacceptable” sexual space. This moment culminates in what one reviewer curiously described as “the Indian lesbian scene.” But the women are not damned into the sexual exile of a “decadent West.” Instead, they are legitimated through another cultural move, the testing of a woman’s purity through the angnipariksha, the Fire that redeemed the original Sita from the wrath and condemnation of her husband Lord Ram and her community. Culture is invoked to counter culture. And this is where my story begins. This article is located on the precipice of desire and subversion. It is a story about normative sexuality in India and the ways in which it is inbred with an exclusionary narrative about culture, a narrative that is Hindu, unitary and fixed. It is also a story about how sexual speech and the performance of the sexual subaltern in law can serve as transgressive spaces of desire and pleasure. I examine specific legal controversies in the area of sexual speech, and the legal rights of the sexual subaltern, namely sex workers and gays and lesbians. These legal stories about sexuality are crossbred with stories about culture, producing their own hybridized offspring. I examine the spaces created by hybrid fantasies in law and how these spaces unhinge stoic and monotonous tales about sexuality and culture, and challenge dominant sexual ideology and exclusionary stories about culture.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2001)
Electronical supplementary, table S5 from Vocal repertoire, micro-geographical variation and within-species acoustic partitioning in a highly colonial pinniped, the Cape fur seal
Creators: name: Martin, Mathilde
name: Gridley, Tess
name: Harvey Elwen, Simon
name: Charrier, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: table S5. Coefficients of the first two linear discriminants resulting from the LDAs performed on the whole CC and PP datasets (all call types) with 8 variables (Dur, f0, Fmax1, Fmax2, Fmax3, Q25, Q75, Bdw12).
Victim or Accomplice?: Crime, Medical Malpractice, and the Construction of the Aborting Woman in American Case Law, 1860s-1970
Creators: name: Reagan, Leslie
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2001

description: The state legislators who, in the 1860s and 1870s, passed laws that for the first time criminalized abortion at all stages of pregnancy envisioned the aborting woman as an active agent, one who searched out abortion services in order to avoid the reproductive duties of marriage. “Fashionable” and “well-to-do” married women, mid-nineteenth-century anti-abortion commentators charged, filled the offices of abortionists. These “selfish” women had been known to declare “that they have neither the time nor the inclination to nurse babies.”‘ This image of the aborting woman, which provoked fears of feminism and fears that non-white and Catholic groups would soon outpopulate white Protestants, inspired lawmakers to criminalize abortion. Anyone who aided a woman’s efforts to end a pregnancy, whether by providing information, drugs and instruments, or inducing an abortion, and in some states the woman as well, could be prosecuted under the nation’s new criminal abortion laws. The woman who aborted was the villain in this mid-nineteenth- century anti-abortion story. Yet when the new criminal laws were put into practice, the representation of the aborting woman dramatically changed. Despite the consensus that produced the criminal abortion laws, the character of the aborting woman was a subject of legal debate throughout the century of illegal abortion. The judiciary was repeatedly asked whether the woman who had an abortion was an “accomplice” in the crime of illegal abortion or a “victim” of the criminal abortionist. The designation of the aborting woman as victim or accomplice in the courtroom could significantly affect trial outcomes. One definition cast the woman as passive object of violence, the other, as active agent in crime. The debate, carried out in courtrooms and recorded in appellate opinions, offers an opportunity to investigate judicial thinking not only about sexuality and gender, but also about the dual responsibility of the state to protect the health and safety of its citizens and to punish those who violated the law. Finally, analysis of jury actions affords a glimpse of the views of ordinary citizens regarding women, abortion, and the duties of physicians.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2001)
In Search of Common Ground: One Pragmatist Perspective on the Debate Over Contract Surrogacy
Creators: name: Baughman, Matthew H.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2001

description: Two events prompted my interest in the topic of this article. The first was the Baby ‘M’ case in which the New Jersey Supreme Court found a surrogacy contract between an infertile couple and a woman who agreed to be artificially impregnated for money to be void in violation of the law and public policy of the state. When I first learned of the decision, I accepted it as largely unproblematic. The contract seemed like an obvious attempt by a wealthy couple to coerce a poor and desperate woman into selling her body for sustenance. The second event occurred ten years after the Baby ‘M’ case when Richard Posner delivered his wildly provocative essay on normative moral theory at the 1997-98 Holmes Lectures at Harvard Law School. In The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory, Posner confessed his “visceral dislike . . . of academic moralism,” while at the same time presenting a fairly channeled (though casually “Posnerian”), poststructuralist argument against the foundationalist Moral Realism of the kind exhibited by Ronald Dworkin, Thomas Nagel, Martha Nussbaum, and many others.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2001)
Electronical supplementary, table S3 from Vocal repertoire, micro-geographical variation and within-species acoustic partitioning in a highly colonial pinniped, the Cape fur seal
Creators: name: Martin, Mathilde
name: Gridley, Tess
name: Harvey Elwen, Simon
name: Charrier, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: table S3. Coefficients of the two linear discriminants resulting from the LDA performed on barks (females, subadult and adult males) at Pelican Point.
Shell model study of single-particle and collective structure in neutron-rich Cr isotopes
Creators: name: Kaneko, K.
name: Sun, Y.
name: Hasegawa, M.
name: Mizusaki, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of neutron-rich Cr isotopes is systematically investigated by using the spherical shell model. The calculations reproduce well the known energy levels for the even-even $^{52-62}$Cr and odd-mass $^{53-59}$Cr nuclei, and predict a lowering of excitation energies around neutron number N=40. The calculated $B(E2;2_{1}^{+}\to 0_{1}^{+})$ systematics shows a pronounced collectivity around N=40; a similar characteristic behavior has been suggested for Zn and Ge isotopes. Causes for the sudden drop of the $9/2_{1}^{+}$ energy in $^{59}$Cr and the appearance of very low $0_{2}^{+}$ states around N=40 are discussed. We also predict a new band with strong collectivity built on the $0_{2}^{+}$ state in the N=40 isotope $^{64}$Cr.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. C
Gay and Lesbian Applicants to the Bar: Even Lord Devlin Could Not Defend Exclusion, Circa 2000
Creators: name: Finer, Joel Jay
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2001

description: Some months ago, the Editors of this Journal solicited an historic “Brief,” to be published anonymously (at the author’s request) -Brief Against Homophobia at the Bar: To Law School Dean: Mid 1960s, 10 Colum. J. Gender & Law 63 (2000). The present article: a) explores the numerous legal, social, and attitudinal developments since that Brief was written (in the mid-1960s); b) develops tests and criteria for evaluating the “good moral character” requirements for admission to the practice of law (particularly as impacting on sexual practices, propensities, and gender orientation, lawful or unlawful in different jurisdictions at different times); and c) relates developments in attitudes and practices of Bar examiners.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2001)
A Feminist Perspective: Why Feminists Should Give the Reasonable Woman Standard Another Chance
Creators: name: Kerns, Andrea M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2001

description: Feminists have much to celebrate over the advancement of sexual harassment law. For example, over the last thirty years sexual harassment has grown from an unrecognized claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to a discrete form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII. Moreover, an open dialogue about the sexual harassment that women encounter in the workforce has emerged in the last decade. Since the infamous Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas hearings in 1991, discussions about sexual harassment have moved out into the open from behind closed doors to discussions on Capital Hill, in the media, around office water coolers, and in the courts. But despite these successes, feminists are divided over a crucial aspect of how courts should handle this form of sex discrimination. At issue is the perspective a court should use to determine whether an employer’s or a co-worker’s behavior is sexual harassment. Specifically, should courts apply a reasonable person or a reasonable woman standard? Some feminists advocate the use of the traditional reasonable person over the reasonable woman standard because no two women share the same perspective, and because under a separate standard they will become unequal to men in the eyes of the law. Other feminists argue that it is appropriate to apply a reasonable woman standard in sexual harassment cases because that standard takes into consideration common female experiences and assesses them in light of the individual circumstances at hand. In this article, I will argue that the “reasonable woman” is the more appropriate standard for sexual harassment jurisprudence. A cause of action for sexual harassment under Title VII is “an invention of our times. The law of sexual harassment developed thanks to the efforts of feminists and activists who were determined to convince the courts that sexual coercion and harassment in the workplace is a form of sex discrimination. Today, feminists should continue to fight discrimination in the workplace by arguing for a legal standard that considers the views of women when a court determines whether the harassment a female plaintiff encounters is severe or pervasive enough to constitute sexual harassment.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2001)
Gaussian Boson Sampling for binary optimization
Creators: name: Cazalis, Jean
name: Chai, Yahui
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Kühn, Stefan
name: Shah, Tirth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we consider a Gaussian Boson Sampler for solving a Flight Gate Assignment problem. We employ a Variational Quantum Eigensolver approach using the Conditional Value-at-risk cost function. We provide proof of principle by carrying out numerical simulations on randomly generated instances.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, presented at 2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)
Cause of Chirality Consensus
Creators: name: Jaakkola, Salla
name: Sharma, Vivek
name: Annila, Arto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Biological macromolecules, proteins and nucleic acids are composed exclusively of chirally pure monomers. The chirality consensus appears vital for life and it has even been considered as a prerequisite of life. However the primary cause for the ubiquitous handedness has remained obscure. We propose that the chirality consensus is a kinetic consequence that follows from the principle of increasing entropy, i.e. the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Entropy increases when an open system evolves by decreasing gradients in free energy with more and more efficient mechanisms of energy transduction. The rate of entropy increase is the universal fitness criterion of natural selection that favors diverse functional molecules and drives the system to the chirality consensus to attain and maintain high-entropy non-equilibrium states.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Gender and the “Membership in a Particular Social Group” Category of the 1951 Refugee Convention
Creators: name: Binder, Andrea
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2001

description: The criteria of “membership in a particular social group,” as laid down in the U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, and codified in the Refugee Act of 1980, is an element of the universally recognized refugee definition which has become a critical point for many women seeking asylum in the United States and elsewhere. A person seeking refugee recognition not only has to demonstrate that she has been persecuted or has a “well-founded” fear of persecution; in addition, she must show that the persecution directed against her is caused by a discriminatory motive as stated in the refugee definition. Such grounds for persecution are limited to race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. Women are persecuted for the same reasons as men; for example, they are arrested and tortured due to their publicly demonstrated political opinions. However, women frequently face gender-based persecution, which may have two different meanings: “The concept of women being persecuted as women is not the same as women being persecuted because they are women.” The first concept, that of women persecuted as women, relates to the types and forms of persecution that are gender-specific, such as rape, female genital mutilation (FGM), or domestic abuse. The second concept, that of women persecuted because they are women, addresses the causal relationship between gender and persecution. The term gender- related persecution refers to the latter and focuses on the bases of persecution. Gender alone, or combined with other characteristics, can be the basis for the persecution. This two-pronged definition of gender-based persecution illustrates that gender-specific harm is not necessarily persecution perpetrated because of the victim’s gender. As the case of female genital mutilation shows, a woman (or girl) may be persecuted both as and because she is a woman (or girl).
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2001)
Electronical supplementary, figure S2 from Vocal repertoire, micro-geographical variation and within-species acoustic partitioning in a highly colonial pinniped, the Cape fur seal
Creators: name: Martin, Mathilde
name: Gridley, Tess
name: Harvey Elwen, Simon
name: Charrier, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: figure S2. Comparison of accuracy of prediction of female-attraction calls per ageclass, obtained by chance or using the balanced Random Forest algorithm performed with 9 variables (Dur, f0, Fmax1, Fmax2, Fmax3, Q25, Q75, Ebelow2000, Bdw12).
The Women’s Oral History Project at Columbia Law School
Creators: name: Bagnall, Whitney S.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2001

description: Inspiration for undertaking an oral history project centering on the lives of women graduates of Columbia Law School came as a direct result of two events. The first was a panel sponsored by the Women’s City Club in New York entitled “Success Stories: Women Graduates of Columbia Law School.” Speaking at that event in March 1994 were Edith Spivack ’32, Ida Klaus ’31, Honorable Priscilla Hall ’73, Honorable Kristin Booth Glenn ’66, Lynn Hecht Schafran ’74, and Susan B. Lindenauer ’64. Interest and energy sparked by this panel carried over to a second event: the formation of the Alumnae of Columbia Law School in 1996. Women graduates of the Law School from across the country held meetings in the spring and fall of that year to establish an organization that would increase the standing of women lawyers in the profession. The Alumnae organized specific committees to carry out their stated mission “to support and enhance the professional development of the women of Columbia Law School.” While many of these committees focused on career development and advancement, mentoring, careers in public interest law, issues concerning women of color, and flexible work arrangements, one committee took a look backwards over the seventy-year span that women have been attending the Law School. This committee on the Celebration of the Admission of Women to Columbia Law School is coordinating plans for the seventy-fifth anniversary celebration of the admission of women to CLS, which will be celebrated in 2002. To recognize and honor the manifold accomplishments of the Law School’s earliest women graduates, the idea of collecting oral histories of these women offered an immediate opportunity to capture stories of their varied careers begun at a time when few women entered the legal profession. In the fall of 1996, Jane Bickford, then Associate Dean for Alumni/ae Relations, sent out letters to women graduates announcing plans for an oral history project to “preserve the stories and voices” of Columbia Law’s alumnae. Response to her letter was both gratifying and strong. The Women’s Oral History Project, ably chaired by Susan B. Lindenauer ’64 and Anne E. Cohen ’85, was launched with considerable energy and skill.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2001)
Heat transport measurements in turbulent rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection
Creators: name: Liu, Yuanming
name: Ecke, Robert E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental heat transport measurements of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection with rotation about a vertical axis. The fluid, water with Prandtl number ($σ$) about 6, was confined in a cell which had a square cross section of 7.3 cm$\times$7.3 cm and a height of 9.4 cm. Heat transport was measured for Rayleigh numbers $2\times 10^5
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Optical spectrum of $n$-type and $p$-type monolayer MoS$_2$ in the presence of proximity-induced interactions
Creators: name: Liu, J.
name: Xu, W.
name: Xiao, Y. M.
name: Ding, L.
name: Li, H. W.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we examined the effects of proximity-induced interactions such as Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and effective Zeeman fields (EZFs) on the optical spectrum of $n$-type and $p$-type monolayer (ML)-MoS$_2$. The optical conductivity is evaluated using the standard Kubo formula under Random phase approximation (RPA) with including the effective electron-electron interaction. It has been found that there exists two absorption peaks in $n$-type ML-MoS$_{2}$ and two knife shaped absorptions in $p$-type ML-MoS$_{2}$ which are contributed by the inter-subband spin flip electronic transitions within conduction and valence bands at valleys $K$ and $K'$ with a lifted valley degeneracy. The optical absorptions in $n$-type and $p$-type ML-MoS$_{2}$ occur in THz and infrared radiation regimes and the position, height, and shape of them can be effectively tuned by Rashba parameter, EZFs parameters, and carrier density. The interesting theoretical predictions in this study would be helpful for the experimental observation of the optical absorption in infrared to THz bandwidths contributed by inter-subband spin flip electronic transitions in a lifted valley degeneracy monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (ML-TMDs) system. The obtained results indicate that ML-MoS$_{2}$ with the platform of proximity interactions make it a promising infrared and THz material for optics and optoelectronics.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures