cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First occurrence of Sivatherium Falconer and Cautley, 1836 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Giraffidae) in the Iberian Peninsula
Creators: name: Ríos, María
name: Montoya, Plini
name: Morales, Jorge
name: Romero, Gregorio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The sivatherine clade includes some of the largest giraffids and emerged during the late Miocene. Sivatherium hendeyi, the earliest known species of the Sivatherium genus, was first described from the lower Pliocene of Langebaanweg (5.15 ± 0.1 Ma, Cape Province, South Africa). Here we describe the first possible occurrence of Sivatherium from western Europe from the lower Pliocene (MN14) of Puerto de la Cadena (4.9 Ma, Murcia, Spain). The new material consists of dental and postcranial remains. The Puerto de la Cadena Sivatherium, together with the presence of Macaca sp. and Debruijnimys sp., indicates a connection between African and European faunas during the early Pliocene and a possible relationship between Sivatherium and the stem Iberian sivatherines Decennatherium and Birgerbohlinia.
When a completion of the universal enveloping algebra is a Banach PI-algebra?
Creators: name: Aristov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a Banach algebra $B$ that is a completion of the universal enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ satisfies a polynomial identity if and only if the nilpotent radical $\mathfrak{n}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ is associatively nilpotent in $B$. Furthermore, this holds if and only if a certain polynomial growth condition is satisfied on $\mathfrak{n}$.
description: version 3
Double masks of the Northwest Coast of America in museum collections
Creators: name: Anderson, Lorna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Sixty masks that open to reveal another mask inside have been examined and are described in detail. Colour photographs and sketches illustrate these "double masks", which were made by native people of the Northwest Coast. The sample described here represents approximately 60% of the double masks in museum collections. Such a substantial number of double masks has not been described previously. These data help fill an existing gap in our knowledge of Northwest Coast masks. The main sources of data for this thesis are museum records, collectors notes, and ethnographies. There is little specific information about the ceremonial use of double masks. Literary sources suggest that double masks were probably used in a similar way to most single masks. Analysis of form and style shows that double masks are carved and painted in the specific style of each Northwest Coast group. However, although the styles of the double masks vary, the basic form is consistent. Eighty-five percent of the masks have a human image inside and the image of another creature outside. This observation supports the idea that Northwest Coast native people consider there is a close relationship between humans and other creatures. Recently, this type of mask has often been classified as a "transformation mask", but older records and ethnographies do not use this term. The word "transformation" is complex, and the recent term "transformation mask" may be misleading. This thesis serves to remind anthropologists that we should be cautious in our use of language. We should be careful to speak of other cultures and societies in ways that reflect their ideas and meanings. The essential feature of double masks is that they open up to reveal another mask inside. For this reason double masks are versatile and dramatic. They provide an innovative masking technique for ceremonial dances.
Effect of oligohydramnios on the accuracy of sonographic foetal weight estimation in at term pregnancies
Creators: name: Janas, Przemysław
name: Radoń-Pokracka, Małgorzata
name: Nowak, Magdalena
name: Staroń, Agata
name: Wilczyńska, Gabriela
name: Brzozowska, Mirella
name: Huras, Hubert
Publisher: name: Oddział PAN w Krakowie Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum
Year: 2018
Subjects: pregnancy
ultrasound examination
estimated fetal weight
amniotic fluid index

description: Introduction: Ultrasound estimation of foetal weight is a very important
 aspect of antenatal care. The role of amniotic fluid volume as a
 potential factor which may impede the relevance of ultrasonographic
 foetal weight estimation is still questionable.

 Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of isolated
 oligohydramnios on the accuracy of ultrasound foetal weight estimation
 in at term pregnancies when examination was performed within 48 hours
 before delivery.

 Material and Methods: The retrospective cohort study included 1831 women
 with low-risk, singleton, at term pregnancy. Estimated foetal weight
 (EFW) was calculated using Hadlock-4 formula. Exclusion criteria
 consisted of multiple pregnancies, active phase of labour, preeclampsia,
 foetal growth restriction, foetal anomalies, gestational diabetes
 mellitus and the evidence of intrauterine infection. Isolated
 oligohydramnios was defi ned as Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) ≤50 mm
 without any other foetal anomalies. EFW and actual birth weight (ABW)
 were compared by calculation of: absolute error (AE), absolute
 percentage error (APE) and substantial error (SE) = APE >10%.

 Results: Participants were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: patients with
 normal AFI (50 ≥AFI ≥250 mm; n = 1602) and Group 2: (isolated
 oligohydramnios, n = 229). There were not observed statistically
 significant diff erences between mean ABW and mean EFW in both groups
 (Group 1: p = 0.525; Group 2: p = 0.317). Mean AE in Group 1 was 221.8 g
 and 223.1g in Group 2 (p = 0.919). Mean APE was 6.54% and 6.64% in Group
 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.816). SE ratio was 21.9% in Group 1 and
 19.2% in Group 2. Underestimation to overestimation ratio in Group 1 was
 1.01 and 0.84 in Group 2.

 Conclusions: Amniotic fluid volume has limited impact on ultrasound
 foetal weight estimation. In oligohydramnios group there was a tendency
 for overestimation of neonatal ABW.
Student ratings of teaching effectiveness in university personnel decisions
Creators: name: Brigden, Susan Rae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Student ratings of teaching effectiveness are often considered by university personnel decision-makers when a candidate's teaching effectiveness is being evaluated. In turn, teaching effectiveness is often one of several factors considered by these decision-makers when evaluating overall faculty performance for the purpose of making personnel decisions with respect to reappointment, promotion, and tenure. Although student ratings has proven to be a popular field of research, a review of the literature indicated that little empirical research has been conducted into student ratings and their place in university personnel decisions. The purpose of the study was to explore the role of student ratings in university personnel decisions. Two versions of a questionnaire were developed and distributed to 135 members of the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia. One version was sent to 76 Faculty members classified, Decision-makers/Administrators (DMAs); a second version was sent to 59 other Faculty members classified as Instructors. Forty-seven DMAs and 52 Instructors responded for an overall response rate of 73%. The results indicate that research is of primary importance in a candidate's overall performance evaluation and that the relative importance of classroom teaching in overall performance evaluation appears to depend upon the type of appointment a candidate is being considered for. For appointments with tenure, the importance of classroom teaching appears to decrease as the rank of the appointment increases. The most important source of information considered in teaching effectiveness evaluation appears to be formal peer reviews, followed by student ratings and, then, the opinions of outside experts; the relative importance of each of these information sources does not appear to vary according to the type of appointment a candidate is being considered for. Limitations of the study are discussed and questions designed to guide future research are presented.
A Bright Fast Radio Burst from FRB 20200120E with Sub-100-Nanosecond Structure
Creators: name: Majid, Walid A.
name: Pearlman, Aaron B.
name: Prince, Thomas A.
name: Wharton, Robert S.
name: Naudet, Charles J.
name: Bansal, Karishma
name: Bhardwaj, Mohit
name: Tendulkar, Shriharsh P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detection of a bright radio burst at radio frequencies between 2.2--2.3 GHz with the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) 70 m dish (DSS-63) in Madrid, Spain from FRB~20200120E. This repeating fast radio burst (FRB) was recently discovered by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) instrument and reported to be associated with the M81 spiral galaxy at a distance of 3.6 Mpc. The high time resolution capabilities of the recording system used in this observation, together with the small amount of scattering and intrinsic brightness of the burst, allow us to explore the burst structure in unprecedented detail. We find that the burst has a duration of roughly 30 $μ$s and is comprised of several narrow components with typical separations of 2--3 $μ$s. The narrowest component has a width of $\lesssim$ 100 ns, which corresponds to a light travel time size as small as 30 m, the smallest associated with an FRB to date. The peak flux density of the narrowest burst component is 270 Jy. We estimate the total spectral luminosity of the narrowest component of the burst to be 4 $\times$ 10$^{\text{30}}$ erg s$^{\text{-1}}$ Hz$^{\text{-1}}$, which is a factor of $\sim$500 above the luminosities of the so-called "nanoshots" associated with giant pulses from the Crab pulsar. This spectral luminosity is also higher than that of the radio bursts detected from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 during its outburst in April 2020, but it falls on the low-end of the currently measured luminosity distribution of extragalatic FRBs. These results provide further support for the presence of a continuum of FRB burst luminosities.
description: Accepted
Unobservable Higgs Boson and Spontaneous Violation of Lorentz Invariance
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Noboru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard theory of elementary particle physics is modified in such a way that the Higgs boson becomes unobservable and Lorentz invariance is slightly violated at the level of the S-matrix. The basic technique of realizing these properties without violating the unitarity of the physical S-matrix is the use of the complex-ghost quantum field theory.
description: 8 pages
Generating evidential BEV maps in continuous driving space
Creators: name: Yuan, Yunshuang
name: Cheng, Hao
name: Yang, Michael Ying
name: Sester, Monika
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bird's eye view
subject: Cooperative perception
subject: Evidential deep learning
subject: Semantic segmentation
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Safety is critical for autonomous driving, and one aspect of improving safety is to accurately capture the uncertainties of the perception system, especially knowing the unknown. Different from only providing deterministic or probabilistic results, e.g., probabilistic object detection, that only provide partial information for the perception scenario, we propose a complete probabilistic model named GevBEV. It interprets the 2D driving space as a probabilistic Bird's Eye View (BEV) map with point-based spatial Gaussian distributions, from which one can draw evidence as the parameters for the categorical Dirichlet distribution of any new sample point in the continuous driving space. The experimental results show that GevBEV not only provides more reliable uncertainty quantification but also outperforms the previous works on the benchmarks OPV2V and V2V4Real of BEV map interpretation for cooperative perception in simulated and real-world driving scenarios, respectively. A critical factor in cooperative perception is the data transmission size through the communication channels. GevBEV helps reduce communication overhead by selecting only the most important information to share from the learned uncertainty, reducing the average information communicated by 87% with only a slight performance drop. Our code is published at https://github.com/YuanYunshuang/GevBEV.
The first lower jaw of a ctenacanthid shark from the Late Devonian (Famennian) of Belgium
Creators: name: Wilk, Olga
name: Olive, Sebastien
name: Pradel, Alan
name: Blaauwen, Jan L. Den
name: Szrek, Piotr
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: The first lower jaw of a ctenacanthid shark from the Late Devonian (Famennian) of Belgium
Arctic soil methane sink increases with drier conditions and higher ecosystem respiration
Creators: name: Voigt, Carolina
name: Virkkala, Anna-Maria
name: Hould Gosselin, Gabriel
name: Bennett, Kathryn A.
name: Black, T. Andrew
name: Detto, Matteo
name: Chevrier-Dion, Charles
name: Guggenberger, Georg
name: Hashmi, Wasi
name: Kohl, Lukas
name: Kou, Dan
name: Marquis, Charlotte
name: Marsh, Philip
name: Marushchak, Maija E.
name: Nesic, Zoran
name: Nykänen, Hannu
name: Saarela, Taija
name: Sauheitl, Leopold
name: Walker, Branden
name: Weiss, Niels
name: Wilcox, Evan J.
name: Sonnentag, Oliver
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publ. Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: arid region
subject: global climate
subject: methane
subject: respiration
subject: soil gas
subject: soil moisture
subject: source-sink dynamics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: Arctic wetlands are known methane (CH4) emitters but recent studies suggest that the Arctic CH4 sink strength may be underestimated. Here we explore the capacity of well-drained Arctic soils to consume atmospheric CH4 using >40,000 hourly flux observations and spatially distributed flux measurements from 4 sites and 14 surface types. While consumption of atmospheric CH4 occurred at all sites at rates of 0.092 ± 0.011 mgCH4 m−2 h−1 (mean ± s.e.), CH4 uptake displayed distinct diel and seasonal patterns reflecting ecosystem respiration. Combining in situ flux data with laboratory investigations and a machine learning approach, we find biotic drivers to be highly important. Soil moisture outweighed temperature as an abiotic control and higher CH4 uptake was linked to increased availability of labile carbon. Our findings imply that soil drying and enhanced nutrient supply will promote CH4 uptake by Arctic soils, providing a negative feedback to global climate change.
Microgravity facilities for cold atom experiments
Creators: name: Raudonis, Matthias
name: Roura, Albert
name: Meister, Matthias
name: Lotz, Christoph
name: Overmeyer, Ludger
name: Herrmann, Sven
name: Gierse, Andreas
name: Lämmerzahl, Claus
name: Bigelow, Nicholas P.
name: Lachmann, Maike
name: Piest, Baptist
name: Gaaloul, Naceur
name: Rasel, Ernst M.
name: Schubert, Christian
name: Herr, Waldemar
name: Deppner, Christian
name: Ahlers, Holger
name: Ertmer, Wolfgang
name: R. Williams, Jason
name: Lundblad, Nathan
name: Wörner, Lisa
Publisher: name: Philadelphia, PA : IOP Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: atom interferometry
subject: Bose-Einstein condensate
subject: drop tower
subject: free fall
subject: fundamental physics
subject: parabolic flight
subject: sounding rocket
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Microgravity platforms enable cold atom research beyond experiments in typical laboratories by removing restrictions due to the gravitational acceleration or compensation techniques. While research in space allows for undisturbed experimentation, technological readiness, availability and accessibility present challenges for experimental operation. In this work we focus on the main capabilities and unique features of ground-based microgravity facilities for cold atom research. A selection of current and future scientific opportunities and their high demands on the microgravity environment are presented, and some relevant ground-based facilities are discussed and compared. Specifically, we point out the applicable free fall times, repetition rates, stability and payload capabilities, as well as programmatic and operational aspects of these facilities. These are contrasted with the requirements of various cold atom experiments. Besides being an accelerator for technology development, ground-based microgravity facilities allow fundamental and applied research with the additional benefit of enabling hands-on access to the experiment for modifications and adjustments.
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Habitats Using Remote-Sensing Data and Machine-Learning Algorithms
Creators: name: Amani, Meisam
name: Foroughnia, Fatemeh
name: Moghimi, Armin
name: Mahdavi, Sahel
name: Jin, Shuanggen
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 3D mapping
subject: habitat mapping
subject: LiDAR
subject: remote sensing
subject: satellite imagery
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Progress toward habitat protection goals can effectively be performed using satellite imagery and machine-learning (ML) models at various spatial and temporal scales. In this regard, habitat types and landscape structures can be discriminated against using remote-sensing (RS) datasets. However, most existing research in three-dimensional (3D) habitat mapping primarily relies on same/cross-sensor features like features derived from multibeam Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), hydrographic LiDAR, and aerial images, often overlooking the potential benefits of considering multi-sensor data integration. To address this gap, this study introduced a novel approach to creating 3D habitat maps by using high-resolution multispectral images and a LiDAR-derived Digital Surface Model (DSM) coupled with an object-based Random Forest (RF) algorithm. LiDAR-derived products were also used to improve the accuracy of the habitat classification, especially for the habitat classes with similar spectral characteristics but different heights. Two study areas in the United Kingdom (UK) were chosen to explore the accuracy of the developed models. The overall accuracies for the two mentioned study areas were high (91% and 82%), which is indicative of the high potential of the developed RS method for 3D habitat mapping. Overall, it was observed that a combination of high-resolution multispectral imagery and LiDAR data could help the separation of different habitat types and provide reliable 3D information.
Novel non-involutive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation from (skew) braces
Creators: name: Doikou, Anastasia
name: Rybolowicz, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We produce novel non-involutive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation coming from (skew) braces. These solutions are generalisations of the known ones coming from braces and skew braces, and surprisingly in the case of braces they are not necessarily involutive. In the case of two-sided (skew) braces one can assign such solutions to every element of the set. Novel bijective maps associated to the inverse solutions are also introduced. Moreover, we show that the recently derived Drinfeld twists of the involutive case are still admissible in the non-involutive frame and we identify the twisted $r$-matrices and twisted coproducts. We observe, as in the involutive case that the underlying quantum algebra is not a quasi-triangular bialgebra, as one would expect, but a quasi-triangular quasi-bialgebra. The same applies to the quantum algebra of the twisted $r$-matrices, contrary to the involutive case.
description: 23 pages, LaTex. Few minor modifications in the text and some explanatory comments added
GhostMinion: A Strictness-Ordered Cache System for Spectre Mitigation
Creators: name: Ainsworth, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Out-of-order speculation, a technique ubiquitous since the early 1990s, remains a fundamental security flaw. Via attacks such as Spectre and Meltdown, an attacker can trick a victim, in an otherwise entirely correct program, into leaking its secrets through the effects of misspeculated execution, in a way that is entirely invisible to the programmer's model. This has serious implications for application sandboxing and inter-process communication. Designing efficient mitigations, that preserve the performance of out-of-order execution, has been a challenge. The speculation-hiding techniques in the literature have been shown to not close such channels comprehensively, allowing adversaries to redesign attacks. Strong, precise guarantees are necessary, but at the same time mitigations must achieve high performance to be adopted. We present Strictness Ordering, a new constraint system that shows how we can comprehensively eliminate transient side channel attacks, while still allowing complex speculation and data forwarding between speculative instructions. We then present GhostMinion, a cache modification built using a variety of new techniques designed to provide Strictness Order at only 2.5% overhead.
A new sebecid mesoeucrocodylian from the Paleocene of northwestern Argentina
Creators: name: Bravo, Gonzalo Gabriel
name: Pol, Diego
name: García-López, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A new crocodyliform, Sebecus ayrampu, sp. nov., is described based on the rostral region of the skull, mandibular rami, and a distal portion of the femur collected in Paleocene rocks of northwestern Argentina. The new taxon is diagnosed (among other characters) by the presence of a sharp sagittal torus on the palatal surface of the premaxilla and maxilla, the surface of the alveolar region of the premaxilla descending vertically with respect to the palatal surface of the maxilla and the rest of the premaxilla, deep premaxillary fossa for the hypertrophied mandibular tooth with a ridge along its anterior margin, a differential pattern of ornamentation of the rostrum external surface, and a V-shaped anterior margin of the choana (with the vertex pointing anteriorly). This specimen is recovered as a new member of Sebecidae in a phylogenetic analysis, increasing the taxonomic diversity of the group in the Paleogene of northwestern Argentina. A sensitivity parsimony analysis using equal and implied weights (with different K values) retrieves two distinct lineages within Sebecidae: the Ayllusuchus + Bretesuchus clade and the Sebecus clade (in which the new taxon is included). Sebecidae is also recovered as a sister group to Baurusuchidae, forming together the monophyletic Sebecosuchia within Notosuchia. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7D924572-D642-4D00-982A-E08D734085F1
The first lower jaw of a ctenacanthid shark from the Late Devonian (Famennian) of Belgium
Creators: name: Wilk, Olga
name: Olive, Sebastien
name: Pradel, Alan
name: Blaauwen, Jan L. den
name: Szrek, Piotr
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: The first lower jaw of a ctenacanthid shark from the Late Devonian (Famennian) of Belgium
Fracture Characterisation and Modelling of AHSS Using Acoustic Emission Analysis for Deep Drawing †
Creators: name: Stockburger, Eugen
name: Wester, Hendrik
name: Behrens, Bernd-Arno
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: butterfly specimen
subject: enhanced Mohr–Coulomb fracture model
subject: HCT780C
subject: HCT980X
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::650 | Management

description: Driven by high energy prices, AHSS are still gaining importance in the automotive industry regarding electric vehicles and their battery range. Simulation-based design of forming processes can contribute to exploiting their potential for lightweight design. Fracture models are frequently used to predict the material’s failure and are often parametrised using different tensile tests with optical measurements. Hereby, the fracture is determined by a surface crack. However, for many steels, the fracture initiation already occurs inside the specimen prior to a crack on the surface. This leads to inaccuracies and more imprecise fracture models. Using a method that detects the fracture initiation within the specimen, such as acoustic emission analysis, has a high potential to improve the modelling accuracy. In the presented paper, tests for fracture characterisation with two AHSS were performed for a wide range of stress states and measured with a conventional optical as well as a new acoustical measurement system. The tests were analysed regarding the fracture initiation using both measurement systems. Numerical models of the tests were created, and the EMC fracture model was parametrised based on the two evaluation areas: a surface crack as usual and a fracture from the inside as a novelty. The two fracture models were used in a deep drawing simulation for analysis, comparison and validation with deep drawing experiments. It was shown that the evaluation area for the fracture initiation had a significant impact on the fracture model. Hence, the failure prediction of the EMC fracture model from the acoustic evaluation method showed a higher agreement in the numerical simulations with the experiments than the model from the optical evaluation.
From toad to frog, a CT-based reconsideration of Bufo servatus, an Eocene anuran mummy from Quercy (France)
Creators: name: Lemierre, Alfred
name: Folie, Annelise
name: Bailon, Salvador
name: Robin, Ninon
name: Laurin, Michel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: In the 19th century, natural mummies of amphibians were discovered in the Quercy Phosphorites. The specific collection site was never formally reported, which hampers precise dating of these specimens. Still, the name Bufo servatus was erected based on the external morphology of one of the mummified specimens. A tomography of a similarly preserved specimen revealed a preserved skeleton, soft tissues and gut contents. We analyze here the holotype of Bufo servatus using CT-scanning in order to investigate its potentially preserved internal features. Like the previous specimen, a subcomplete articulated skeleton was identified in the B. servatus holotype. Surprisingly, this skeleton is almost identical to that of Thaumastosaurus gezei, an Eocene anuran from Western Europe to which other specimens from this mummy series were previously assigned. The few differences between the specimen skeletons highlight ontogenetic and intraspecific variations, making T. gezei a junior synonym of B. servatus and creating the new combination Thaumastosaurus servatus. Given its association with previously described Quercy specimens, this redescribed anuran is probably from the same time interval as T. gezei. Previous phylogenetic analyses assigned T. servatus to Ranoides, with natatanuran affinities. Using data from this newly described specimen, we tested here further its taxonomic affinities. Our analyses confirm this position, and formally identify T. servatus as a Natatanuran member of Pyxicephalidae (currently endemic of equatorial Africa) and more precisely, a stem-Pyxicephalinae. This result confirms the origin of Thaumastosaurus, a member of the African herpetofauna occupying Western Europe before the Grande Coupure at the Eocene/Oligocene transition.
Collapse instability and staccato decay of oscillons in various dimensions
Creators: name: Nagy, B. C.
name: Takacs, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillons are long-lived, slowly radiating solutions of nonlinear classical relativistic field theories. Recently it was discovered that in one spatial dimension their decay may proceed in "staccato" bursts. Here we perform a systematic numerical study to demonstrate that although this behaviour is not confined to one spatial dimension, it quickly becomes unobservable when the dimension of space is increased, at least for the class of potentials considered here. To complete the picture we also present explicit results on the dimension dependence of the collapse instability observed for three-dimensional oscillons.
description: 14 pages, 32 figures, pdflatex file. v2: conclusion refined, typos and references corrected
Adverse bioenergetic effects of N-acyl amino acids in human adipocytes overshadow beneficial mitochondrial uncoupling
Creators: name: Herrnhold, Marie
name: Hamp, Isabel
name: Plettenburg, Oliver
name: Jastroch, Martin
name: Keuper, Michaela
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Adipocytes
subject: Metabolism
subject: Mitochondria
subject: Obesity
subject: UCP1
subject: Uncoupling
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Objective: Enhancing energy turnover via uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue has great potential to improve human obesity and other metabolic complications. However, the amount of human brown adipose tissue and its uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is low in obese patients. Recently, a class of endogenous molecules, N-acyl amino acids (NAAs), was identified as mitochondrial uncouplers in murine adipocytes, presumably acting via the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Given the translational potential, we investigated the bioenergetic effects of NAAs in human adipocytes, characterizing beneficial and adverse effects, dose ranges, amino acid derivatives and underlying mechanisms. Method: NAAs with neutral (phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine) and polar (lysine) residues were synthetized and assessed in intact and permeabilized human adipocytes using plate-based respirometry. The Seahorse technology was applied to measure bioenergetic parameters, dose-dependency, interference with UCP1 and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) activity, as well as differences to the established chemical uncouplers niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). Result: NAAs with neutral amino acid residues potently induce uncoupled respiration in human adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, even in the presence of the UCP1-inhibitor guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and the ANT-inhibitor carboxyatractylate (CAT). However, neutral NAAs significantly reduce maximal oxidation rates, mitochondrial ATP-production, coupling efficiency and reduce adipocyte viability at concentrations above 25 μM. The in vitro therapeutic index (using induced proton leak and viability as determinants) of NAAs is lower than that of NEN and DNP. Conclusion: NAAs are potent mitochondrial uncouplers in human adipocytes, independent of UCP1 and ANT. However, previously unnoticed adverse effects harm adipocyte functionality, reduce the therapeutic index of NAAs in vitro and therefore question their suitability as anti-obesity agents without further chemical modifications.
A two-state model for helicase translocation and unwinding of nucleic acids
Creators: name: Garai, Ashok
name: Chowdhury, Debashish
name: Betterton, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helicases are molecular motors that unwind double-stranded nucleic acids (dsNA), such as DNA and RNA). Typically a helicase translocates along one of the NA single strands while unwinding and uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis as an energy source. Here we model of a helicase motor that can switch between two states, which could represent two different points in the ATP hydrolysis cycle. Our model is an extension of the earlier Betterton-Jülicher model of helicases to incorporate switching between two states. The main predictions of the model are the speed of unwinding of the dsNA and fluctuations around the average unwinding velocity. Motivated by a recent claim that the NS3 helicase of Hepatitis C virus follows a flashing ratchet mechanism, we have compared the experimental results for the NS3 helicase with a special limit of our model which corresponds to the flashing ratchet scenario. Our model accounts for one key feature of the experimental data on NS3 helicase. However, contradictory observations in experiments carried out under different conditions limit the ability to compare the model to experiments.
description: minor modifications
The X-ray transform on asymptotically conic spaces
Creators: name: Vasy, András
name: Zachos, Evangelie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C65 (Primary) 35S05 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, partly based on Zachos' PhD thesis, we show that the geodesic X-ray transform is stably invertible near infinity on a class of asymptotically conic manifolds which includes perturbations of Euclidean space. In particular certain kinds of conjugate points are allowed. Further, under a global convex foliation condition, the transform is globally invertible.
 The key analytic tool, beyond the approach introduced by Uhlmann and Vasy, is the introduction of a new pseudodifferential operator algebra, which we name the 1-cusp algebra, and its semiclassical version.
description: 39 pages, 5 figures
Discovery of Zafirlukast as a novel SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitor using in silico modelling and a FRET-based assay
Creators: name: Mehyar, N.
name: Mashhour, A.
name: Islam, I.
name: Alhadrami, H.A.
name: Tolah, A.M.
name: Alghanem, B.
name: Alkhaldi, S.
name: Somaie, B.A.
name: Ghobain, M. Al
name: Alobaida, Y.
name: Alaskar, A.S.
name: Boudjelal, M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The coronavirus helicase is an essential enzyme required for viral replication/transcription pathways. Structural studies revealed a sulphate moiety that interacts with key residues within the nucleotide-binding site of the helicase. Compounds with a sulphoxide or a sulphone moiety could interfere with these interactions and consequently inhibit the enzyme. The molecular operating environment (MOE) was used to dock 189 sulphoxide and sulphone-containing FDA-approved compounds to the nucleotide-binding site. Zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat chronic asthma, achieved the lowest docking score at −8.75 kcals/mol. The inhibitory effect of the compounds on the SARS-CoV-2 helicase dsDNA unwinding activity was tested by a FRET-based assay. Zafirlukast was the only compound to inhibit the enzyme (IC50 = 16.3 µM). The treatment of Vero E6 cells with 25 µM zafirlukast prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 significantly. These results suggest that zafirlukast alleviates SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity by inhibiting the viral helicase and impairing the viral replication/transcription pathway. Zafirlukast could be clinically developed as a new antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus diseases. This discovery is based on molecular modelling, in vitro inhibition of the SARS-CoV helicase activity and cell-based SARS-CoV-2 viral replication.
Application of Quantum Machine Learning using the Quantum Kernel Algorithm on High Energy Physics Analysis at the LHC
Creators: name: Wu, Sau Lan
name: Sun, Shaojun
name: Guan, Wen
name: Zhou, Chen
name: Chan, Jay
name: Cheng, Chi Lung
name: Pham, Tuan
name: Qian, Yan
name: Wang, Alex Zeng
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Livny, Miron
name: Glick, Jennifer
name: Barkoutsos, Panagiotis Kl.
name: Woerner, Stefan
name: Tavernelli, Ivano
name: Carminati, Federico
name: Di Meglio, Alberto
name: Li, Andy C. Y.
name: Lykken, Joseph
name: Spentzouris, Panagiotis
name: Chen, Samuel Yen-Chi
name: Yoo, Shinjae
name: Wei, Tzu-Chieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum machine learning could possibly become a valuable alternative to classical machine learning for applications in High Energy Physics by offering computational speed-ups. In this study, we employ a support vector machine with a quantum kernel estimator (QSVM-Kernel method) to a recent LHC flagship physics analysis: $t\bar{t}H$ (Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair). In our quantum simulation study using up to 20 qubits and up to 50000 events, the QSVM-Kernel method performs as well as its classical counterparts in three different platforms from Google Tensorflow Quantum, IBM Quantum and Amazon Braket. Additionally, using 15 qubits and 100 events, the application of the QSVM-Kernel method on the IBM superconducting quantum hardware approaches the performance of a noiseless quantum simulator. Our study confirms that the QSVM-Kernel method can use the large dimensionality of the quantum Hilbert space to replace the classical feature space in realistic physics datasets.
Dye removal from textile waste water using potato starch:parametric optimization using Taguchi design of experiments
Creators: name: Ahmad, Syed Waqas
name:  M. Shahzad Zafar
name: Ahmad, Sajjad
name: Mohsin, Muhammad
name: Haji Ghulam Qutab
Publisher: name: Polish Academy of Sciences
Year: 2018
Subjects: spent dye
potato starch
Optimization
Taguchi method

description: Archives of Environmental Protection is the oldest Polish scientific journal of international scope that publishes articles on engineering and environmental protection. The quarterly has been published by the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences since 1975. The journal has served as a forum for the exchange of views and ideas among scientists. It has become part of scientific life in Poland and abroad. The quarterly publishes the results of research and scientific inquiries by best specialists hereby becoming an important pillar of science. The journal facilitates better understanding of environmental risks to humans and ecosystems and it also shows the methods for their analysis as well as trends in the search of effective solutions to minimize these risks. The journal is indexed by Thomson Reuters services (Biological Abstract, BIOSIS Previews) and has an Impact Factor 2017 of 1.120
Competition of superconductivity and charge density wave in selective oxidized CsV3Sb5 thin flakes
Creators: name: Song, Yanpeng
name: Ying, Tianping
name: Chen, Xu
name: Han, Xu
name: Huang, Yuan
name: Wu, Xianxin
name: Schnyder, Andreas P.
name: Guo, Jian-Gang
name: Chen, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently discovered layered kagome metals AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A = K, Rb, and Cs) with vanadium kagome networks provide a novel platform to explore correlated quantum states intertwined with topological band structures. Here we report the prominent effect of hole doping on both superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) order, achieved by selective oxidation of exfoliated thin flakes. A superconducting dome is revealed as a function of the effective doping content. The superconducting transition temperature ($T_{\mathrm{c}}$) and upper critical field in thin flakes are significantly enhanced compared with the bulk, which is accompanied by the suppression of CDW. Our detailed analyses establish the pivotal role of van Hove singularities (VHSs) in promoting correlated quantum orders in these kagome metals. Our experiment not only demonstrates the intriguing nature of superconducting and CDW orders, but also provides a novel route to tune the carrier concentration through both selective oxidation and electric gating. This establishes AV$_3$Sb$_5$ as a tunable 2D platform for the further exploration of topology and correlation among 3$d$ electrons in kagome lattices.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Visual Acuity Prediction on Real-Life Patient Data Using a Machine Learning Based Multistage System
Creators: name: Schlosser, Tobias
name: Beuth, Frederik
name: Meyer, Trixy
name: Kumar, Arunodhayan Sampath
name: Stolze, Gabriel
name: Furashova, Olga
name: Engelmann, Katrin
name: Kowerko, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In ophthalmology, intravitreal operative medication therapy (IVOM) is a widespread treatment for diseases related to the age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the diabetic macular edema (DME), as well as the retinal vein occlusion (RVO). However, in real-world settings, patients often suffer from loss of vision on time scales of years despite therapy, whereas the prediction of the visual acuity (VA) and the earliest possible detection of deterioration under real-life conditions is challenging due to heterogeneous and incomplete data. In this contribution, we present a workflow for the development of a research-compatible data corpus fusing different IT systems of the department of ophthalmology of a German maximum care hospital. The extensive data corpus allows predictive statements of the expected progression of a patient and his or her VA in each of the three diseases. For the disease AMD, we found out a significant deterioration of the visual acuity over time. Within our proposed multistage system, we subsequently classify the VA progression into the three groups of therapy "winners", "stabilizers", and "losers" (WSL classification scheme). Our OCT biomarker classification using an ensemble of deep neural networks results in a classification accuracy (F1-score) of over 98 %, enabling us to complete incomplete OCT documentations while allowing us to exploit them for a more precise VA modeling process. Our VA prediction requires at least four VA examinations and optionally OCT biomarkers from the same time period to predict the VA progression within a forecasted time frame, whereas our prediction is currently restricted to IVOM / no therapy. We achieve a final prediction accuracy of 69 % in macro average F1-score, while being in the same range as the ophthalmologists with 57.8 and 50 +- 10.7 % F1-score.
description: Accepted for: Scientific Reports
Erosion and Transport of Dry Soil Bed by Collisional Granular Flow: Insights From a Combined Experimental–Numerical Investigation
Creators: name: Jiang, Yupeng
name: Song, Pengjia
name: Choi, Clarence E.
name: Choo, Jinhyun
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: bed failure
subject: collisional stress
subject: erosion
subject: granular flow
subject: transport
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Collision-induced stresses on soil beds under granular geophysical flows have been demonstrated to be highly erosive. However, it remains mostly elusive as to how a collisional granular flow erodes and transports soil bed material. This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical investigation into the mechanisms underlying collision-induced erosion and transport of dry soil beds. A series of flume experiments are conducted where collisional granular flows erode dry sand beds under varied conditions. The experiments are then back-analyzed using a hybrid continuum–discrete simulator to gain physical insight into the erosion and transport processes. Results show that the key mechanism of collision-induced erosion and transport is the retexturing of the soil bed surface. This implies that bed morphology, which has often been overlooked in mobility and hazard assessments, has profound effects on erosion and transport potential. Further, contrary to most existing models that assume all the eroded bed volume is carried away by granular flow, it is found that only up to 80% of the eroded material is transported. Also found is that the collisional stresses of the monodisperse grains in this study follow the Pareto distribution in which 80% of differences in the outcomes are due to 20% of causes. This finding suggests that there is measurable certainness in a seemingly random process of coarse grain collisions with an erodible soil bed.