cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dietary and nutritional factors influencing obesity in Qatari adults and the modifying effect of physical activity.
Creators: name: Akram, Hammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Qatar has one of highest obesity prevalence inthe Arab world and globally. Unhealthy dietary habits and lack ofphysical activity are among the major factors that contribute toobesity epidemic.Objectives: To examine the influence of physical activity anddietary factors related to the obesity prevalence among adult Qatarinationals.Methods: Secondary data analysis of 2,496 Qatari adults (age 18-64) from WHO Qatar national STEP wise survey 2012 was executed.Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was carried outto assess the role of physical activity, dietary characteristics andrelated covariates in obesity causation.Results: The predominant form of physical activity was walking(76.4% of males versus 55.9% of females) followed by participatingin intense sports in males and moderate physical activity in females.Consumption of sweet beverages was associated with obesity (OR= 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10, P < 0.01). No significant associationwas determined between obesity versus levels of consumption offruit, vegetables, fast food, and food not prepared at home. Physicalactivity was significantly associated with a reduction in centralobesity (OR = 0.72, CI = 0.57-0.90, P-value = 0.006) and with slightreduction in generalized obesity rates; however, this effect was notstatistically significant (OR = 0.95, CI = 0.79-1.14, P-value = 0.58).Conclusion: The findings from this study might assist in thedevelopment of evidence-based strategies to reduce and preventobesity as well as obesity-related morbidity and mortality. Thecontinued and effective use of multidimensional approaches will bebeneficial in preventing disease and reducing its burden in Qatar.
On the Origins of the Oceanic Ultraviolet Catastrophe
Creators: name: Dematteis, Giovanni
name: Polzin, Kurt L.
name: Lvov, Yuri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a first-principles analysis of the energy fluxes in the oceanic internal wavefield. The resulting formula is remarkably similar to the renowned phenomenological formula for the turbulent dissipation rate in the ocean which is known as the Finescale Parameterization. The prediction is based on the wave turbulence theory of internal gravity waves and on a new methodology devised for the computation of the associated energy fluxes. In the standard spectral representation of the wave energy density, in the two-dimensional vertical wavenumber - frequency domain, the energy fluxes associated with the steady state are found to be directed downscale in both coordinates, closely matching the Finescale-Parameterization formula in functional form and in magnitude. These energy transfers are composed of a `local' and a `scale-separated' contributions; while the former is quantified numerically, the latter is dominated by the Induced Diffusion process and is amenable to analytical treatment. Contrary to previous results indicating an inverse energy cascade from high frequency to low, at odds with observations, our analysis of all non-zero coefficients of the diffusion tensor predicts a direct energy cascade. Moreover, by the same analysis fundamental spectra that had been deemed `no-flux' solutions are reinstated to the status of `constant-downscale-flux' solutions. This is consequential for an understanding of energy fluxes, sources and sinks that fits in the observational paradigm of the Finescale Parameterization, solving at once two long-standing paradoxes that had earned the name of `Oceanic Ultraviolet Catastrophe'.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Quantum optimization via four-body Rydberg gates
Creators: name: Dlaska, Clemens
name: Ender, Kilian
name: Mbeng, Glen Bigan
name: Kruckenhauser, Andreas
name: Lechner, Wolfgang
name: van Bijnen, Rick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a large ongoing research effort towards obtaining a quantum advantage in the solution of combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. A particularly promising platform for testing and developing quantum optimization algorithms are arrays of trapped neutral atoms, laser-coupled to highly excited Rydberg states. However, encoding combinatorial optimization problems in atomic arrays is challenging due to the limited inter-qubit connectivity given by their native finite-range interactions. Here we propose and analyze a fast, high fidelity four-body Rydberg parity gate, enabling a direct and straightforward implementation of the Lechner-Hauke-Zoller (LHZ) scheme and its recent generalization, the parity architecture, a scalable architecture for encoding arbitrarily connected interaction graphs. Our gate relies on onetime-optimized adiabatic laser pulses and is fully programmable by adjusting two hold-times during operation. We numerically demonstrate an implementation of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for a small scale test problem. Our approach allows for efficient execution of variational optimization steps with a constant number of system manipulations, independent of the system size, thus paving the way for experimental investigations of QAOA beyond the reach of numerical simulations.
description: 11 pages
Genuinely quantum SudoQ and its cardinality
Creators: name: Paczos, Jerzy
name: Wierzbiński, Marcin
name: Rajchel-Mieldzioć, Grzegorz
name: Burchardt, Adam
name: Życzkowski, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We expand the quantum variant of the popular game Sudoku by introducing the notion of cardinality of a quantum Sudoku (SudoQ), equal to the number of distinct vectors appearing in the pattern. Our considerations are focused on the genuinely quantum solutions, which are the solutions of size $N^2$ that have cardinality greater than $N^2$, and therefore cannot be reduced to classical counterparts by a unitary transformation. We find the complete parameterization of the genuinely quantum solutions of $4 \times 4$ SudoQ game and establish that in this case the admissible cardinalities are 4, 6, 8 and 16. In particular, a solution with the maximal cardinality equal to 16 is presented. Furthermore, the parametrization enabled us to prove a recent conjecture of Nechita and Pillet for this special dimension. In general, we proved that for any $N$ it is possible to find an $N^2 \times N^2$ SudoQ solution of cardinality $N^4$, which for a prime $N$ is related to a set of $N$ mutually unbiased bases of size $N^2$. Such a construction of $N^4$ different vectors of size $N$ yields a set of $N^3$ orthogonal measurements.
Sound Properties Associated With Equiluminant Colours. Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Hamilton-Fletcher, Giles
name: ChristophWitzel
name: Reby, David
name: JamieWard
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110906 Sensory Systems

description: There is a widespread tendency to associate certain properties of sound with those of colour (e.g., higher pitches with lighter colours). Yet it is an open question how sound influences chroma or hue when properly controlling for lightness. To examine this, we asked participants to adjust physically equiluminant colours until they ‘went best’ with certain sounds. For pure tones, complex sine waves and vocal timbres, increases in frequency were associated with increases in chroma. Increasing the loudness of pure tones also increased chroma. Hue associations varied depending on the type of stimuli. In stimuli that involved only limited bands of frequencies (pure tones, vocal timbres), frequency correlated with hue, such that low frequencies gave blue hues and progressed to yellow hues at 800 Hz. Increasing the loudness of a pure tone was also associated with a shift from blue to yellow. However, for complex sounds that share the same bandwidth of frequencies (100–3200 Hz) but that vary in terms of which frequencies have the most power, all stimuli were associated with yellow hues. This suggests that the presence of high frequencies (above 800 Hz) consistently yields yellow hues. Overall we conclude that while pitch–chroma associations appear to flexibly re-apply themselves across a variety of contexts, frequencies above 800 Hz appear to produce yellow hues irrespective of context. These findings reveal new sound–colour correspondences previously obscured through not controlling for lightness. Findings are discussed in relation to understanding the underlying rules of cross-modal correspondences, synaesthesia, and optimising the sensory substitution of visual information through sound.
Additional file 1 of Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins in maize
Creators: name: Zhao, Yujun
name: Qin, Qianqian
name: Chen, Li
name: Long, Yun
name: Song, Nannan
name: Jiang, Haiyang
name: Si, Weina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Phase ordering, topological defects, and turbulence in the 3D incompressible Toner-Tu equation
Creators: name: Rana, Navdeep
name: Perlekar, Prasad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate phase ordering dynamics of the incompressible Toner-Tu equation in three dimensions. We show that the phase ordering proceeds via defect merger events and the dynamics is controlled by the Reynolds number Re. At low Re, the dynamics is similar to that of the Ginzburg-Landau equation. At high Re, turbulence controls phase ordering. In particular, we observe a forward energy cascade from the coarsening length scale to the dissipation scale.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Lifespan Data from Antagonistically pleiotropic allele increases lifespan and late-life reproduction at the cost of early-life reproduction and individual fitness
Creators: name: Maklakov, Alexei A.
name: Carlsson, Hanne
name: Denbaum, Philip
name: Lind, Martin I.
name: Mautz, Brian
name: Hinas, Andrea
name: Immler, Simone
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Evolutionary theory of ageing maintains that increased allocation to early-life reproduction results in reduced somatic maintenance, which is predicted to compromise longevity and late-life reproduction. This prediction has been challenged by the discovery of long-lived mutants with no loss of fecundity. The first such long-lived mutant was found in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, partial loss-of-function mutation in the age-1 gene, involved in the nutrient-sensing insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway, confers longevity, as well as increased resistance to pathogens and to temperature stress without appreciable fitness detriment. Here, we show that the long-lived age-1(hx546) mutant has reduced fecundity and offspring production in early-life, but increased fecundity, hatching success and offspring production in late-life compared with wild-type worms under standard conditions. However, reduced early-life performance of long-lived mutant animals was not fully compensated by improved performance in late-life and resulted in reduced individual fitness. These results suggest that the age-1(hx546) allele has opposing effects on early-life versus late-life fitness in accordance with antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) and disposable soma theories of ageing. These findings support the theoretical conjecture that experimental studies based on standing genetic variation underestimate the importance of AP in the evolution of ageing.
On Generating Lagrangian Cuts for Two-Stage Stochastic Integer Programs
Creators: name: Chen, Rui
name: Luedtke, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate new methods for generating Lagrangian cuts to solve two-stage stochastic integer programs. Lagrangian cuts can be added to a Benders reformulation, and are derived from solving single scenario integer programming subproblems identical to those used in the nonanticipative Lagrangian dual of a stochastic integer program. While Lagrangian cuts have the potential to significantly strengthen the Benders relaxation, generating Lagrangian cuts can be computationally demanding. We investigate new techniques for generating Lagrangian cuts with the goal of obtaining methods that provide significant improvements to the Benders relaxation quickly. Computational results demonstrate that our proposed method improves the Benders relaxation significantly faster than previous methods for generating Lagrangian cuts and, when used within a branch-and-cut algorithm, significantly reduces the size of the search tree for three classes of test problems.
Selection rules in symmetry-broken systems by symmetries in synthetic dimensions
Creators: name: Tzur, Matan Even
name: Neufeld, Ofer
name: Fleischer, Avner
name: Cohen, Oren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Selection rules are often considered a hallmark of symmetry. When a symmetry is broken, e.g., by an external perturbation, the system exhibits selection rule deviations which are often analyzed by perturbation theory. Here, we employ symmetry-breaking degrees of freedom as synthetic dimensions, to demonstrate that symmetry-broken systems systematically exhibit a new class of symmetries and selection rules. These selection rules determine the scaling of a system's observables (to all orders in the strength of the symmetry-breaking perturbation) as it transitions from symmetric to symmetry-broken. We specifically analyze periodically driven (Floquet) systems subject to two driving fields, where the first field imposes a spatio-temporal symmetry, and the second field breaks it, imposing a symmetry in synthetic dimensions. We tabulate the resulting synthetic symmetries for (2+1)D Floquet group symmetries and derive the corresponding selection rules for high harmonic generation (HHG) and above-threshold ionization (ATI). Finally, we observe experimentally HHG selection rules imposed by symmetries in synthetic dimensions. The new class of symmetries & selection rules extends the scope of existing symmetry breaking spectroscopy techniques, opening new routes for ultrafast spectroscopy of phonon-polarization, spin-orbit coupling, and more.
Multipoles of the galaxy bispectrum on a light cone: wide-separation and relativistic corrections
Creators: name: Addis, Chris
name: Guandalin, Caroline
name: Clarkson, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The galaxy bispectrum provides access to correlations among different scales that cannot be captured by the power spectrum alone, and with the Stage-IV galaxy surveys it enables the possibility of detecting both primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) and general relativistic effects. Accounting for wide-separation corrections, which arise from the loss of symmetry in the correlation of widely separated points on the past light cone, is essential for their accurate modelling and detection. These corrections can be included perturbatively to the standard bispectrum and we compute them analytically for a generalised line of sight. We include the radial contribution to the wide-separations corrections for the first time. We show that the first-order corrections entering the odd multipoles with respect to the line of sight are large, up to $10 \%$ of the bispectrum monopole, and need to be included when considering the leading-order relativistic effects that could be detectable with surveys like DESI and Euclid. The second-order wide-separation and relativistic contributions, including their mixing terms, have implications for analysis of PNG and we show, for the local type, they can mimic $f_{\rm NL}$ of order 10 in the squeezed limit. We present full analytic expressions for all these contributions to the local bispectrum and its multipoles with a publicly available code for their computation.
description: 37 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
The extended diffusive Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model as a sort of "strange metal"
Creators: name: Tagliacozzo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 0+1-d Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) fermionic model attracts nowadays a wide spread interest of the Condensed Matter community, as a benchmark toy model for strong electron correlation and non Fermi Liquid behavior. It is exactly solvable in the infrared limit and reproduces the linear dependence of the resistivity on temperature T, in linear response, typical of the strange metal phase of High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) materials. The breaking of its conformal symmetry requires ultraviolet corrections for a faithful description of its pseudo Goldstone Modes. Extension of the model to higher space dimension includes a local U(1) phase generating collective bosonic excitations driven by the additional ultraviolet contribution to the action. These excitations are studied here, in a temperature window of incoherent dynamics in which the expected chaotic regime has not yet taken over. We identify them as neutral diffusive energy excitations with temperature dependent lifetime h / k_B T. They provide thermalization of the system and contribute to the T dependence of the transport coefficients. The linear unbound T increase of particle current is confirmed by our hydrodynamic modelization. A quantum liquid in interaction with this system would become a Marginal Fermi Liquid.
description: 16 pages,2 figures
Sound Properties AssociatedWith Equiluminant Colours. Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Hamilton-Fletcher, Giles
name: ChristophWitzel
name: Reby, David
name: JamieWard
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110906 Sensory Systems

description: There is a widespread tendency to associate certain properties of sound with those of colour (e.g., higher pitches with lighter colours). Yet it is an open question how sound influences chroma or hue when properly controlling for lightness. To examine this, we asked participants to adjust physically equiluminant colours until they ‘went best’ with certain sounds. For pure tones, complex sine waves and vocal timbres, increases in frequency were associated with increases in chroma. Increasing the loudness of pure tones also increased chroma. Hue associations varied depending on the type of stimuli. In stimuli that involved only limited bands of frequencies (pure tones, vocal timbres), frequency correlated with hue, such that low frequencies gave blue hues and progressed to yellow hues at 800 Hz. Increasing the loudness of a pure tone was also associated with a shift from blue to yellow. However, for complex sounds that share the same bandwidth of frequencies (100–3200 Hz) but that vary in terms of which frequencies have the most power, all stimuli were associated with yellow hues. This suggests that the presence of high frequencies (above 800 Hz) consistently yields yellow hues. Overall we conclude that while pitch–chroma associations appear to flexibly re-apply themselves across a variety of contexts, frequencies above 800 Hz appear to produce yellow hues irrespective of context. These findings reveal new sound–colour correspondences previously obscured through not controlling for lightness. Findings are discussed in relation to understanding the underlying rules of cross-modal correspondences, synaesthesia, and optimising the sensory substitution of visual information through sound.
Supplementary material, Figures and Tables from The scaling of population persistence with carrying capacity does not asymptote in populations of a fish experiencing extreme climate variability
Creators: name: White, Richard S. A.
name: Wintle, Brendan A.
name: McHugh, Peter A.
name: Booker, Douglas J.
name: McIntosh, Angus R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Despite growing concerns regarding increasing frequency of extreme climate events and declining population sizes, the influence of environmental stochasticity on the relationship between population carrying capacity and time-to-extinction has received little empirical attention. While time-to-extinction increases exponentially with carrying capacity in constant environments, theoretical models suggest increasing environmental stochasticity causes asymptotic scaling, thus making minimum viable carrying capacity vastly uncertain in variable environments. Using empirical estimates of environmental stochasticity in fish metapopulations, we showed that increasing environmental stochasticity resulting from extreme droughts was insufficient to create asymptotic scaling of time-to-extinction with carrying capacity in local populations as predicted by theory. Local time-to-extinction increased with carrying capacity due to declining sensitivity to demographic stochasticity, and the slope of this relationship declined significantly as environmental stochasticity increased. However, recent 1-in-25 yr extreme droughts were insufficient to extirpate populations with large carrying capacity. Consequently, large populations may be more resilient to environmental stochasticity than previously thought. The lack of carrying capacity-related asymptotes in persistence under extreme climate variability reveals how small populations affected by habitat loss or overharvesting, may be disproportionately threatened by increases in extreme climate events with global warming.
Revisiting the homogeneous electron gas in pursuit of the properly normed ab initio Eliashberg theory
Creators: name: Akashi, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address an issue of how to accurately include the self energy effect of the screened electron-electron Coulomb interaction in the phonon-mediated superconductors from first principles. In the Eliashberg theory for superconductors, self energy is usually decomposed using the $2\times 2$ Pauli matrices in the electron-hole space. We examine how the diagonal ($σ_{0}$ and $σ_{3}$) components resulting in the quasiparticle correction to the normal state, $Z$ and $χ$ terms, behave in the homogeneous electron gas in order to establish a norm of treating those components in real metallic systems. Within the $G_{0}W_{0}$ approximation, we point out that these components are non-analytic near the Fermi surface but their directional derivatives and resulting corrections to the quasiparticle velocity are nevertheless well defined. Combined calculations using the $G_{0}W_{0}$ approximation and Eliashberg equations show us that the effective mass and pairing strength strikingly depend on both $Z$ and $χ$, in a different manner. The calculations without the numerically demanding $χ$ term is thus shown to be incapable of describing the homogeneous electron gas limit. This result poses a challenge to accurate first-principles Eliashberg theory.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Ver. 2: Sec. II B added, abstract and conclusions updated; accepted
Reproduction Darta from Antagonistically pleiotropic allele increases lifespan and late-life reproduction at the cost of early-life reproduction and individual fitness
Creators: name: Maklakov, Alexei A.
name: Carlsson, Hanne
name: Denbaum, Philip
name: Lind, Martin I.
name: Mautz, Brian
name: Hinas, Andrea
name: Immler, Simone
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Evolutionary theory of ageing maintains that increased allocation to early-life reproduction results in reduced somatic maintenance, which is predicted to compromise longevity and late-life reproduction. This prediction has been challenged by the discovery of long-lived mutants with no loss of fecundity. The first such long-lived mutant was found in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, partial loss-of-function mutation in the age-1 gene, involved in the nutrient-sensing insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway, confers longevity, as well as increased resistance to pathogens and to temperature stress without appreciable fitness detriment. Here, we show that the long-lived age-1(hx546) mutant has reduced fecundity and offspring production in early-life, but increased fecundity, hatching success and offspring production in late-life compared with wild-type worms under standard conditions. However, reduced early-life performance of long-lived mutant animals was not fully compensated by improved performance in late-life and resulted in reduced individual fitness. These results suggest that the age-1(hx546) allele has opposing effects on early-life versus late-life fitness in accordance with antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) and disposable soma theories of ageing. These findings support the theoretical conjecture that experimental studies based on standing genetic variation underestimate the importance of AP in the evolution of ageing.
Additional file 2 of Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins in maize
Creators: name: Zhao, Yujun
name: Qin, Qianqian
name: Chen, Li
name: Long, Yun
name: Song, Nannan
name: Jiang, Haiyang
name: Si, Weina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium
Creators: name: Barts, Evgenii
name: Tenzin, Karma
name: Sławińska, Jagoda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient conversion between charge currents and spin signals is crucial for realizing magnet-free spintronic devices. However, the strong spin-orbit coupling that enables such a conversion, causes rapid relaxation of spins, making them difficult to transport over large length scales. Here, we show that spin-momentum entanglement at the Fermi surface of chiral tellurium crystals leads to the appearance of slow collective relaxation modes. These modes, called relaxons, resemble the persistent spin helix, a collective spin-wave excitation with extended lifetime observed in quantum wells. The slow relaxons dominate the electrically generated spin and orbital angular momentum accumulation in tellurium and make it possible to combine a very high 50% conversion efficiency with a long spin lifetime. These results, obtained from the exact solution of the Boltzmann transport equation, show that chiral crystals can be used for highly efficient generation and transmission of spin signals over long distances in spintronic devices.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Characterization of codimension one foliations on complex curves by connections
Creators: name: Zuevsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A way to characterize the space of leaves of a foliation in terms of connections is proposed. A particular example of vertex algebra cohomology of codimension one foliations on complex curves is considered.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2012.05904; text overlap with arXiv:1006.2516, arXiv:math/0012069 by other authors
Quantum Chemistry Calculations using Energy Derivatives on Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Azad, Utkarsh
name: Singh, Harjinder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum chemistry calculations such as the prediction of molecular properties and modeling of chemical reactions are a few of the critical areas where near-term quantum computers can showcase quantum advantage. We present a method to calculate energy derivatives for both ground state and excited state energies with respect to the parameters of a chemical system based on the framework of the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). A low-depth implementation of quantum circuits within the hybrid variational paradigm is designed, and their computational costs are analyzed. We showcase the effectiveness of our method by incorporating it in some key quantum chemistry applications of energy derivatives, such as to perform minimum energy configuration search and estimate molecular response properties estimation of H$_2$ molecule, and also to find the transition state of H$_2$ + H $\leftrightarrow$ H + H$_2$ reaction. The obtained results are shown to be in complete agreement with their respective full configuration interaction (FCI) values.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Equilibrium Properties of E. coli Lactose Permease Symport -- A Random-walk Model Approach
Creators: name: Sun, Haoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The symport of lactose and H+ is an important physiological process in E. coli, for it is closely related to cellular energy supply. In this paper, the symport of H+ and lactose by E. coli LacY protein is computationally simulated using a newly proposed cotransport model that takes the "leakage" phenomenon (uncoupled sugar translocation) into account and also satisfies the static head equilibrium condition. Then, we study the equilibrium properties of this cotransport process including equilibrium solution and the time required to reach equilibrium state, when varying the parameters of the initial state of cotransport system. It can be found that in the presence of leakage, H+ and lactose will reach their equilibrium state separately, but the intensity of "leakage" has almost no effect on the equilibrium solution, while the stronger leakage is, the shorter the time required for H+ and lactose to reach equilibrium. For E. coli cells with different periplasm and cytoplasm volumes, when cotransport is performed at constant initial particle concentration, the time for cytoplasm pH to be stabilized increases monotonically with the periplasm to cytoplasm volume ratio. For a certain E. coli cell, as it continues to lose water and contract, the time for cytoplasm pH to be stabilized by cotransport also increases monotonically when the cell survives. The above phenomena and other findings in this paper may help us to not only further validate or improve the model, but also deepen our understanding of the cotransport process of E. coli LacY protein.
description: 10 figures
High-resolution population estimation using household survey data and building footprints
Creators: name: Boo, Gianluca
name: Darin, Edith
name: Leasure, Douglas R
name: Dooley, Claire A
name: Chamberlain, Heather R
name: Lázár, Attila N
name: Tschirhart, Kevin
name: Sinai, Cyrus
name: Hoff, Nicole A
name: Fuller, Trevon
name: Musene, Kamy
name: Batumbo, Arly
name: Rimoin, Anne W
name: Tatem, Andrew J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6.5
subject: 62

description: The national census is an essential data source to support decision-making in many areas of public interest. However, this data may become outdated during the intercensal period, which can stretch up to several decades. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model leveraging recent household surveys with probabilistic sampling designs and building footprints to produce up-to-date population estimates. We estimated population totals and age and sex breakdowns with associated uncertainty measures within grid cells of approximately 100m in five provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country where the last census was completed in 1984. The model exhibited a very good fit, with an R^2 value of 0.79 for out-of-sample predictions of population totals at the microcensus-cluster level and 1.00 for age and sex proportions at the province level. The results confirm the benefits of combining household surveys and building footprints for high-resolution population estimation in countries with outdated censuses.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
Supplementary material from Topological features of a gene co-expression network predict patterns of natural diversity in environmental response
Creators: name: Marais, David L. Des
name: Guerrero, Rafael F.
name: Lasky, Jesse R.
name: Scarpino, Samuel V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Extended Methods and Results; Supplemental Tables; Supplemental Figures and References
Piecewise regression via mixed-integer programming for MPC
Creators: name: Teichrib, Dieter
name: Darup, Moritz Schulze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Piecewise regression is a versatile approach used in various disciplines to approximate complex functions from limited, potentially noisy data points. In control, piecewise regression is, e.g., used to approximate the optimal control law of model predictive control (MPC), the optimal value function, or unknown system dynamics. Neural networks are a common choice to solve the piecewise regression problem. However, due to their nonlinear structure, training is often based on gradient-based methods, which may fail to find a global optimum or even a solution that leads to a small approximation error. To overcome this problem and to find a global optimal solution, methods based on mixed-integer programming (MIP) can be used. However, the known MIP-based methods are either limited to a special class of functions, e.g., convex piecewise affine functions, or they lead to complex approximations in terms of the number of regions of the piecewise defined function. Both complicate a usage in the framework of control. We propose a new MIP-based method that is not restricted to a particular class of piecewise defined functions and leads to functions that are fast to evaluate and can be used within an optimization problem, making them well suited for use in control.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, published in the proceedings of Machine Learning Research vol 242
Neural networks in pulsed dipolar spectroscopy: a practical guide
Creators: name: Keeley, Jake
name: Choudhury, Tajwar
name: Galazzo, Laura
name: Bordignon, Enrica
name: Feintuch, Akiva
name: Goldfarb, Daniella
name: Russell, Hannah
name: Taylor, Michael J.
name: Lovett, Janet E.
name: Eggeling, Andrea
name: Ibanez, Luis Fabregas
name: Keller, Katharina
name: Yulikov, Maxim
name: Jeschke, Gunnar
name: Kuprov, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a methodological guide to the use of deep neural networks in the processing of pulsed dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) data encountered in structural biology, organic photovoltaics, photosynthesis research, and other domains featuring long-lived radical pairs and paramagnetic metal ions. PDS uses distance dependence of magnetic dipolar interactions; measuring a single well-defined distance is straightforward, but extracting distance distributions is a hard and mathematically ill-posed problem requiring careful regularisation and background fitting. Neural networks do this exceptionally well, but their "robust black box" reputation hides the complexity of their design and training - particularly when the training dataset is effectively infinite. The objective of this paper is to give insight into training against simulated databases, to discuss network architecture choices, to describe options for handling DEER (double electron-electron resonance) and RIDME (relaxation-induced dipolar modulation enhancement) experiments, and to provide a practical data processing flowchart.
جبران خسارت بدنی در فقه اسلام و قانون مجازات
Creators: name: Javad, Sarkhosh
name: مولایی، زینب
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: مسیولیت ، کیفری ، مدنی ، خسارت بدنی

description: یکی از موضوعات مهم در فقه اسلام مسیله جبران خسارت بدنی است . مسیولیت به معنای قانونی آن التزام شخص به تحمل حکم قهری قانون در قبال رفتاری است که از وی صادر شده است. مسیولیت اقسام مختلفی دارد مانند مسیولیت اخلاقی و حقوقی. مسیولیت حقوقی دارای دو قسم است : مسیولیت کیفری و مسیولیت مدنی. مسیولیت کیفری یا جزایی، مسیولیت شخصی است که مرتکب جرمی می شود که آن جرم در قانون تصریح شده باشد و شخص مرتکب به یکی از مجازاتهای مقرر در قانون برسد. مسیولیت مدنی در اصطلاح حقوقی به مسیولیت شخصی در مقام جبران خسارتی است که خود یا کسیکه تحت مراقبت یا اداره وی باشد به دیگری وارد می آورد. در اکثر نظام های حقوقی دنیای معاصر صدمه زننده مسیول و ضامن جبران تمام خسارات ناشی از این صدمه است که در فقه اسلام از آن تعبیر به دیه می شود. در اینکه ماهیت دیه مسیولیت کیفری است یا مسیولیت مدنی اختلاف وجود دارد. در این رابطه نظر دیگری هم وجود دارد که دیه ماهیتی دوگانه دارد. در این مقاله به بررسی نظرات پرداخته خواهد شد.
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Spectral Statistics, and the Ramp
Creators: name: Winer, Michael
name: Swingle, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ensembles of quantum chaotic systems are expected to exhibit energy eigenvalues with random-matrix-like level repulsion between pairs of energies separated by less than the inverse Thouless time. Recent research has shown that exact and approximate global symmetries of a system have clear signatures in these spectral statistics, enhancing the spectral form factor or correspondingly weakening level repulsion. This paper extends those results to the case of spontaneous symmetry breaking, and shows that, surprisingly, spontaneously breaking a symmetry further enhances the spectral form factor. For both RMT-inspired toy models and models where the symmetry breaking has a description in terms of fluctuating hydrodynamics, we obtain formulas for this enhancement for arbitrary symmetry breaking patterns, including $Z_n$, $U(1)$, and partially or fully broken non-Abelian symmetries.
“Each of Them Thin and Barely Opaque”: Ruth Ozeki’s Truth Approximations
Creators: name: Fusco, Serena
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Cagliari
Year: 2020
Subjects: Narrative; Real; Paratext; Autofiction; Transmediality

description: This essay focuses on the work of Japanese American writer Ruth Ozeki (b. 1956). Mainly discussing her novels My Year of Meats (1998) and A Tale for the Time Being (2013), I suggest that, through a sophisticated usage of paratextual, transmedial, and autofictional strategies, Ozeki claims for her work a ‘truth power’ that operates at the dialogical border between the textual world and the real world. Ozeki implements, in my view, a ‘truth search’ in which bare facts can be known, and told, only through the fictive, ‘magical’ power of the imagination; this collaboration between factuality and invention, in turn, makes narrative a performative object that can intervene, and foster practical intervention, in the real world.
description: Between, Vol 9, No 18 (2019): Fictions. Truth, Lies, Possible Worlds
Supplemental information from Excavation and aggregation as organizing factors in de novo construction by mound-building termites
Creators: name: Green, Ben
name: Bardunias, Paul
name: Turner, Scott
name: Nagpal, Radhika
name: Werfel, Justin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Materials and methods
Integrable Hamiltonian systems on the symplectic realizations of $\textbf{e}(3)^*$
Creators: name: Odzijewicz, A.
name: Wawreniuk, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase space of a gyrostat with a fixed point and a heavy top is the Lie-Poisson space $\textbf{e}(3)^*\cong \mathbb{R}^3\times \mathbb{R}^3$ dual to the Lie algebra $\textbf{e}(3)$ of Euclidean group $E(3)$. One has three naturally distinguished Poisson submanifolds of $\textbf{e}(3)^*$: (i) the dense open submanifold $\mathbb{R}^3\times \dot{\mathbb{R}}^3\subset \textbf{e}(3)^*$ which consists of all $4$-dimensional symplectic leaves ($\vecΓ^2>0$); (ii) the $5$-dimensional Poisson submanifold of $\mathbb{R}^3\times \dot{\mathbb{R}}^3$ defined by $\vec{J}\cdot \vecΓ = μ||\vecΓ||$; (iii) the $5$-dimensional Poisson submanifold of $\mathbb{R}^3\times \dot{\mathbb{R}}^3$ defined by $\vecΓ^2 = ν^2$, where $\dot{\mathbb{R}}^3:= \mathbb{R}^3\backslash \{0\}$, $(\vec{J}, \vecΓ)\in \mathbb{R}^3\times \mathbb{R}^3\cong \textbf{e}(3)^*$ and $ν< 0 $, $μ$ are some fixed real parameters. Basing on the $U(2,2)$-invariant symplectic structure of Penrose twistor space we find full and complete $E(3)$-equivariant symplectic realizations of these Poisson submanifolds which are $8$-dimensional for (i) and $6$-dimensional for (ii) and (iii). As a consequence of the above Hamiltonian systems on $\textbf{e}(3)^*$ lift to the ones on the above symplectic realizations. In such a way after lifting integrable cases of gyrostat with a fixed point, as well as of heavy top, we obtain a large family of integrable Hamiltonian systems on the phase spaces defined by these symplectic realizations.
Warning signs for non-Markovian bifurcations: colour blindness and scaling laws
Creators: name: Kuehn, Christian
name: Lux, Kerstin
name: Neamtu, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warning signs for tipping points (or critical transitions) have been very actively studied. Although the theory has been applied successfully in models and in experiments for many complex systems such as for tipping in climate systems, there are ongoing debates, when warning signs can be extracted from data. In this work, we shed light on this debate by considering different types of underlying noise. Thereby, we significantly advance the general theory of warning signs for nonlinear stochastic dynamics. A key scenario deals with stochastic systems approaching a bifurcation point dynamically upon slow parameter variation. The stochastic fluctuations are generically able to probe the dynamics near a deterministic attractor to reveal critical slowing down. Using scaling laws near bifurcations, one can then anticipate the distance to a bifurcation. Previous warning signs results assume that the noise is Markovian, most often even white. Here, we study warning signs for non-Markovian systems including coloured noise and $α$-regular Volterra processes (of which fractional Brownian motion and the Rosenblatt process are special cases). We prove that early warning scaling laws can disappear completely or drastically change their exponent based upon the parameters controlling the noise process. This provides a clear explanation, why applying standard warning signs results to reduced models of complex systems may not agree with data-driven studies. We demonstrate our results numerically in the context of a box model of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).
Study of neutrino-nucleus reactions with CRISP Program (0 < $E_ν$ < 3 GeV)
Creators: name: Perez, R.
name: Deppman, A.
name: Andrade-II, Evandro
name: Samana, A. R.
name: Velasco, F. G.
name: Guzmán, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino-nucleus reactions are studied at energies from 0 to 3 GeV, using the CRISP program. To simulate these reactions, CRISP uses the Monte Carlo method through an intranuclear cascade model. Quase-elastic and baryonic resonance formation channels for the neutrino-nucleon interaction are considered. The total and differential particle emission cross-sections were obtained, obtaining a good agreement with the values reported by the MiniBooNE experiment. The influence of nuclear effects on the studied reactions, such as fermionic motion, the Pauli blocking mechanism, and the nucleonic separation energy, was shown. It was not possible to simultaneously reproduce the $ν_μ+ D$ and $ν_μ+ ^{12}C$ reactions using the same axial mass value. For the charged current quasi-elastic channel, $M_A = 0.95 \ GeV$ for the $ν_μ+ D$ reaction, and $M_A = 1.35 \ GeV$ for the $ν_μ+ ^{12}C$ reaction. This can be solved if one considers, in addition to the neutrino-nucleon interaction, the neutrino interaction with a pair of nucleons, just as we demonstrate in the last part of this work.
description: 21 pages, 22 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 3 of Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins in maize
Creators: name: Zhao, Yujun
name: Qin, Qianqian
name: Chen, Li
name: Long, Yun
name: Song, Nannan
name: Jiang, Haiyang
name: Si, Weina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1. Correlation analysis between MCTP numbers with genome size (A) and Gene Loci No. (B), respectively. Figure S2. The maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree was built by MCTPs from 32 species. Figure S3. Conserved motif compositions of MCTPs in five clades. Table S1. Genome information of 33 plant species and five outgroup species. Table S2. The homolog pairs of MCTP genes between maize and four other plant species. Table S3. Ka, Ks and Ka/Ks ratio of WGD/SD and LD duplicated gene pairs in surveyed angiosperms. Table S4. Primer sequences used for RT-qPCR analysis.
Supplementary text and tables from Palaeoecological implications of the preservation potential of soft-bodied organisms in sediment-density flows: testing turbulent waters
Creators: name: Enright, Orla G. Bath
name: Minter, Nicholas J.
name: Sumner, Esther J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)

description: Supplementary method and results