cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
About the lifetime of a bouncing droplet
Creators: name: Terwagne, D.
name: Dorbolo, S.
name: Vandewalle, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a droplet is gently laid onto the surface of the same liquid, it stays at rest for a moment before coalescence. The coalescence can be delayed and sometimes inhibited by injecting fresh air under the droplet. This can happen when the surface of the bath oscillates vertically, in this case the droplet basically bounces on the interface. The lifetime of the droplet has been studied with respect to the amplitude and the frequency of the excitation. The lifetime decreases when the acceleration increases. The thickness of the air film between the droplet and the bath has been investigated using interference fringes obtained when the system is illuminated by low pressure sodium lamps. Moreover, both the shape evolution and the motion of the droplet center of mass have been recorded in order to evidence the phase offset between the deformation and the trajectory. A short lifetime is correlated to a small air film thickness and to a large phase offset between the maximum of deformation and the minimum of the vertical position of the centre of mass.
description: (5 pages, 7 figures)
Cyclic motion and inversion of surface flow direction in a dense polymer brush under shear
Creators: name: Müller, M.
name: Pastorino, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular simulations, we study the properties of a polymer brush in contact with an explicit solvent under Couette and Poiseuille flow. The solvent is comprised of chemically identical chains. We present evidence that individual, unentangled chains in the dense brush exhibit cyclic, tumbling motion and non-Gaussian fluctuations of the molecular orientations similar to the behaviour of isolated tethered chains in shear flow. The collective molecular motion gives rise to an inversion of hydrodynamic flow direction in the vicinity of the brush-coated surface. Utilising Couette and Poiseuille flow, we investigate to what extend the effect of a brush-coated surface can be described by a Navier slip condition.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted for publication
What the Infrared Behaviour of QCD Vertex Functions in Landau gauge can tell us about Confinement
Creators: name: Alkofer, R.
name: Fischer, C. S.
name: Llanes-Estrada, F.
name: Schwenzer, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The infrared behaviour of Landau gauge QCD vertex functions is investigated employing a skeleton expansion of the Dyson-Schwinger and Renormalization Group equations. Results for the ghost-gluon, three-gluon, four-gluon and quark-gluon vertex functions are presented. Positivity violation of the gluon propagator, and thus gluon confinement, is demonstrated. Results of the Dyson-Schwinger equations for a finite volume are compared to corresponding lattice data. It is analytically demonstrated that a linear rising potential between heavy quarks can be generated by infrared singularities in the dressed quark-gluon vertex. The selfconsistent mechanism that generates these singularities necessarily entails the scalar Dirac amplitudes of the full vertex and the quark propagator. These can only be present when chiral symmetry is broken, either explicitly or dynamically.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures; to appear in the Proceedings of ``X Hadron Physics 2007'', Florianopolis, Brazil, March 26 - 31, 2007
Symmetries, conservation laws and exact solutions of static plasma equilibrium systems in three dimensions
Creators: name: Cheviakov, Alexei F.
name: Anco, Stephen C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For static reductions of isotropic and anisotropic Magnetohydrodynamics plasma equilibrium models, a complete classification of admitted point symmetries and conservation laws up to first order is presented. It is shown that the symmetry algebra for the isotropic equations is finite-dimensional, whereas anisotropic equations admit infinite symmetries depending on a free function defined on the set of magnetic surfaces. A direct transformation is established between isotropic and anisotropic equations, which provides an efficient way of constructing new exact anisotropic solutions. In particular, axially and helically symmetric anisotropic plasma equilibria arise from classical Grad-Shafranov and JFKO equations.
description: 6 figures, 2 tables
Design of a 200-MHz Continuous-Wave Radio Frequency Quadrupole Accelerator for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Creators: name: Gao, Zhichao
name: Lu, Liang
name: Xing, Chaochao
name: Yang, Lei
name: He, Tao
name: Zhang, Xueying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-intensity continuous wave (CW) radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator is designed for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The transmission efficiency of a 20-mA proton beam accelerated from 30 keV to 2.5 MeV can reach 98.7% at an operating frequency of 200 MHz. The beam dynamics has good tolerance to errors. By comparing the high-frequency parameters of quadrilateral and octagonal RFQ cross-sections, the quadrilateral structure of the four-vane cavity is selected owing to its multiple advantages, such as a smaller cross section at the same frequency and easy processing. In addition, tuners and undercuts are designed to tune the frequency of the cavity and achieve a flat electric field distribution along the cavity. In this paper, the beam dynamics simulation and electromagnetic design are presented in detail.
Neutral Hydrogen Absorption Toward XTE J1810-197: the Distance to a Radio-Emitting Magnetar
Creators: name: Minter, Anthony H.
name: Camilo, Fernando
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Halpern, Jules P.
name: Zimmerman, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Green Bank Telescope to measure HI absorption against the anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810-197. Assuming a flat rotation curve, we find that XTE J1810-197 is located at a distance of 3.4(+0.5,-0.7) kpc. For a rotation curve that incorporates a model of the Galactic bar, we obtain a distance of 4.0(+0.3,-0.8) kpc. Using a rotation curve that incorporates a model of the Galactic bar and the spiral arms of the Galaxy, the distance is 3.7(+/-0.6) kpc. These values are consistent with the distance to XTE J1810-197 of about 3.3 kpc derived from its dispersion measure, and estimates of 2-5 kpc obtained from fits to its X-ray spectra. Overall, we determine that XTE J1810-197 is located at a distance of 3.5(+/-0.5) kpc, possibly not far in front of the infrared dark cloud G10.74-0.13. We also used the GBT in an attempt to measure absorption in the OH 1612, 1665, 1667, and 1720 MHz lines against XTE J1810-197. We were unsuccessful in this, mainly because of its declining radio flux density. Analysis of HI 21 cm, OH, and CO(2-1) emission toward XTE J1810-197 allows us to place a lower limit of $N_{\rm H} \ga 4.6 \times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$ on the non-ionized hydrogen column density to \magnetar, consistent with estimates obtained from fits to its X-ray spectra.
description: 35 pages, 11 figures, 5 Tables Submitted to ApJ
EXP: N-body integration using basis function expansions
Creators: name: Petersen, Michael S.
name: Weinberg, Martin D.
name: Katz, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the N-body simulation techniques in EXP. EXP uses empirically-chosen basis functions to expand the potential field of an ensemble of particles. Unlike other basis function expansions, the derived basis functions are adapted to an input mass distribution, enabling accurate expansion of highly non-spherical objects, such as galactic discs. We measure the force accuracy in three models, one based on a spherical or aspherical halo, one based on an exponential disc, and one based on a bar-based disc model. We find that EXP is as accurate as a direct-summation or tree-based calculation, and in some ways is better, while being considerably less computationally intensive. We discuss optimising the computation of the basis function representation. We also detail numerical improvements for performing orbit integrations, including timesteps.
description: Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
The Band Excitation Method in Scanning Probe Microscopy for Rapid Mapping of Energy Dissipation on the Nanoscale
Creators: name: Jesse, Stephen
name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
name: Proksch, Roger
name: Baddorf, A. P.
name: Rodriguez, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mapping energy transformation pathways and dissipation on the nanoscale and understanding the role of local structure on dissipative behavior is a challenge for imaging in areas ranging from electronics and information technologies to efficient energy production. Here we develop a novel Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) technique in which the cantilever is excited and the response is recorded over a band of frequencies simultaneously rather than at a single frequency as in conventional SPMs. This band excitation (BE) SPM allows very rapid acquisition of the full frequency response at each point (i.e. transfer function) in an image and in particular enables the direct measurement of energy dissipation through the determination of the Q-factor of the cantilever-sample system. The BE method is demonstrated for force-distance and voltage spectroscopies and for magnetic dissipation imaging with sensitivity close to the thermomechanical limit. The applicability of BE for various SPMs is analyzed, and the method is expected to be universally applicable to all ambient and liquid SPMs.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Nanotechnology
FAIR Data? Maybe. But only with code. How to provide researchers with the support they want?
Creators: name: Teperek, Marta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: data stewardship
reproducibility
software management
computational reproducibility
carpentries
TU Delft

description: Presentation given by Marta Teperek at Carpentry Connect Conference in Manchester on 26 June 2019.
On the Sensitivity of Massive Star Nucleosynthesis and Evolution to Solar Abundances and to Uncertainties in Helium Burning Reaction Rates
Creators: name: Tur, Clarisse
name: Heger, Alexander
name: Austin, Sam M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the dependence of pre-supernova evolution and supernova nucleosynthesis yields on the uncertainties in helium burning reaction rates. Using the revised solar abundances of Lodders (2003) for the initial stellar composition, instead of those of Anders & Grevesse (1989), changes the supernova yields and limits the constraints that those yields place on the 12C(a,g)16O reaction rate. The production factors of medium-weight elements (A = 16-40) were found to be in reasonable agreement with observed solar ratios within the current experimental uncertainties in the triple alpha reaction rate. Simultaneous variations by the same amount in both reaction rates or in either of them separately, however, can induce significant changes in the central 12C abundance at core carbon ignition and in the mass of the supernova remnant. It therefore remains important to have experimental determinations of the helium burning rates so that their ratio and absolute values are known with an accuracy of 10% or better.
description: Accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journal
Examples of the Zeroth Theorem of the History of Physics
Creators: name: Jackson, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zeroth theorem of the history of science (enunciated by E. P. Fischer) and widely known in the mathematics community as Arnol'd's Principle (decreed by M. V. Berry), states that a discovery (rule, regularity, insight) named after someone (often) did not originate with that person. I present five examples from physics: the Lorentz condition defining the Lorentz gauge of the electromagnetic potentials; the Dirac delta function (x); the Schumann resonances of the earth-ionosphere cavity; the Weizsacker-Williams method of virtual quanta; the BMT equation of spin dynamics. I give illustrated thumbnail sketches of both the true and reputed discoverers and quote from their "discovery" publications.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures. Small revisions, added material and references - Arnol'd's law, Emil Wiechert. Submitted to Am. J. Phys
Hamiltonian and Brownian systems with long-range interactions: III. The BBGKY hierarchy for spatially inhomogeneous systems
Creators: name: Chavanis, Pierre-Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the growth of correlations in systems with weak long-range interactions. Starting from the BBGKY hierarchy, we determine the evolution of the two-body correlation function by using an expansion of the solutions of the hierarchy in powers of 1/N in a proper thermodynamic limit $N\to +\infty$. These correlations are responsible for the ``collisional'' evolution of the system beyond the Vlasov regime due to finite $N$ effects. We obtain a general kinetic equation that can be applied to spatially inhomogeneous systems and that takes into account memory effects. These peculiarities are specific to systems with unshielded long-range interactions. For spatially homogeneous systems with short memory time like plasmas, we recover the classical Landau (or Lenard-Balescu) equations. An interest of our approach is to develop a formalism that remains in physical space (instead of Fourier space) and that can deal with spatially inhomogeneous systems. This enlightens the basic physics and provides novel kinetic equations with a clear physical interpretation. However, unless we restrict ourselves to spatially homogeneous systems, closed kinetic equations can be obtained only if we ignore some collective effects between particles. General exact coupled equations taking into account collective effects are also given. We use this kinetic theory to discuss the processes of violent collisionless relaxation and slow collisional relaxation in systems with weak long-range interactions. In particular, we investigate the dependence of the relaxation time with the system size and provide a coherent discussion of all the numerical results obtained for these systems.
Evidence for alignment of the rotation and velocity vectors in pulsars. II. Further data and emission heights
Creators: name: Johnston, Simon
name: Kramer, M.
name: Karastergiou, A.
name: Hobbs, G.
name: Ord, S.
name: Wallman, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted observations of 22 pulsars at frequencies of 0.7, 1.4 and 3.1 GHz and present their polarization profiles. The observations were carried out for two main purposes. First we compare the orientation of the spin and velocity vectors to verify the proposed alignment of these vectors by Johnston et al. (2005). We find, for the 14 pulsars for which we were able to determine both vectors, that 7 are plausibly aligned, a fraction which is lower than, but consistent with, earlier measurements. Secondly, we use profiles obtained simultaneously at widely spaced frequencies to compute the radio emission heights. We find, similar to other workers in the field, that radiation from the centre of the profile originates from lower in the magnetosphere than the radiation from the outer parts of the profile.
description: Accepted by MNRAS. 14 pages
MediaSum: A Large-scale Media Interview Dataset for Dialogue Summarization
Creators: name: Zhu, Chenguang
name: Liu, Yang
name: Mei, Jie
name: Zeng, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: MediaSum, a large-scale media interview dataset consisting of 463.6K transcripts with abstractive summaries. To create this dataset, we collect interview transcripts from NPR and CNN and employ the overview and topic descriptions as summaries. Compared with existing public corpora for dialogue summarization, our dataset is an order of magnitude larger and contains complex multi-party conversations from multiple domains. We conduct statistical analysis to demonstrate the unique positional bias exhibited in the transcripts of televised and radioed interviews. We also show that MediaSum can be used in transfer learning to improve a model's performance on other dialogue summarization tasks.
description: Dataset: https://github.com/zcgzcgzcg1/MediaSum/
The area of horizons and the trapped region
Creators: name: Andersson, Lars
name: Metzger, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper considers some fundamental questions concerning marginally trapped surfaces, or apparent horizons, in Cauchy data sets for the Einstein equation. An area estimate for outermost marginally trapped surfaces is proved. The proof makes use of an existence result for marginal surfaces, in the presence of barriers, curvature estimates, together with a novel surgery construction for marginal surfaces. These results are applied to characterize the boundary of the trapped region.
description: 44 pages, v3: small changes in presentation
DAVLAT-XUSUSIY SHERIKLIK ASOSIDA NODAVLAT MAKTABGACHA TAʼLIM TASHKILOTLARIGA BERILADIGAN IMTIYOZ VA MAJBURIYATLARI
Creators: name: Baxronov, Rustam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maktabgacha va maktab taʼlim vazirligi tizimi uzluksiz taʼlimning birlamchi, eng asosiy boʻgʻini hisoblanadi. Mutaxassislarning ilmiy xulosalariga koʻra, inson oʻz umri davomida oladigan barcha axborot va maʼlumotning 70 foizini 5 yoshgacha boʻlgan davrda oladi. Ana shu dalilning oʻzi bolalarimizning yetuk va barkamol shaxs boʻlib voyaga yetishida Maktabgacha va maktab taʼlim vazirligi muassasasida olgan tarbiyasi qanchalik katta ahamiyatga ega ekanini yaqqol koʻrsatib turibdi.
title:  Nature, history, and participation : the contribution of Thomas Aquinas' doctrine of original sin to a contemporary debate
Creators: name: Grant, Euan Alexander
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2020

description: Contemporary debate over the interrelations of nature, history, and participation reveal significant faultlines in theology broadly aligned with the Catholic tradition. In particular, works by Henri de Lubac, Lawrence Feingold, and John Milbank reveal that the concept of human nature remains a source of considerable debate. De Lubac’s work unsettled many of the metaphysical assumptions which had defined Catholic thought in the earlier twentieth century, and Feingold and Milbank represent strongly divergent responses to his theological inheritance. Analysing the distinctions of these thinkers reveals disagreements on four themes: the relation of nature and history, the orientation of nature to God, the structure of nature as a unity, and the participation of nature in God (part 1). The thought of Thomas Aquinas, a significant source for each of these thinkers, reveals new connections in this debate, particularly when approached through his understanding of the doctrine of original sin. Aspects of Thomas’ account, particularly when contrasted with those of his near-contemporaries Henry of Ghent and John Duns Scotus, reveal the significance of history as qualifying Thomas’ understanding of human existence (part 2). Discussing the workings and ends of the human intellect and will in this light reveals further elements of historicity built in to Thomas’ understanding of the orientation and structure of human nature (part 3). On this basis, it is possible to reconcile significant emphases in the theologies of de Lubac and Feingold; however, Milbank’s vision of a cosmos inherently participating in deification remains at odds with Thomas’ recognition of limitation and finitude as irreducible aspects of participation in God through a history as yet only directed to, not yet participating in, its eschatological fulfilment (conclusion).
Tidal Disruption Events
Creators: name: Gezari, Suvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of stars being tidally ripped apart and consumed by a massive black hole (MBH) lurking in the center of a galaxy first captivated theorists in the late 1970's. The observational evidence for these rare but illuminating phenomena for probing otherwise dormant MBHs, first emerged in archival searches of the soft X-ray ROSAT All-Sky Survey in the 1990's; but has recently accelerated with the increasing survey power in the optical time domain, with tidal disruption events (TDEs) now regarded as a class of optical nuclear transients with distinct spectroscopic features. Multiwavelength observations of TDEs have revealed panchromatic emission, probing a wide range of scales, from the innermost regions of the accretion flow, to the surrounding circumnuclear medium. I review the current census of 56 TDEs reported in the literature, and their observed properties can be summarized as follows: $\bullet$ The optical light curves follow a power-law decline from peak that scales with the inferred central black hole mass as expected for the fallback rate of the stellar debris, but the rise time does not. $\bullet$ The UV/optical and soft X-ray thermal emission come from different spatial scales, and their intensity ratio has a large dynamic range, and is highly variable, providing important clues as to what is powering the two components. $\bullet$ They can be grouped into three spectral classes, and those with Bowen fluorescence line emission show a preference for a hotter and more compact line-emitting region, while those with only He II emission lines are the rarest class.
description: 46 pages, 10 figures, author's version (before copy-editing) of invited review to appear in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 59 (2021)
Novel Slot Detection: A Benchmark for Discovering Unknown Slot Types in the Task-Oriented Dialogue System
Creators: name: Wu, Yanan
name: Zeng, Zhiyuan
name: He, Keqing
name: Xu, Hong
name: Yan, Yuanmeng
name: Jiang, Huixing
name: Xu, Weiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing slot filling models can only recognize pre-defined in-domain slot types from a limited slot set. In the practical application, a reliable dialogue system should know what it does not know. In this paper, we introduce a new task, Novel Slot Detection (NSD), in the task-oriented dialogue system. NSD aims to discover unknown or out-of-domain slot types to strengthen the capability of a dialogue system based on in-domain training data. Besides, we construct two public NSD datasets, propose several strong NSD baselines, and establish a benchmark for future work. Finally, we conduct exhaustive experiments and qualitative analysis to comprehend key challenges and provide new guidance for future directions.
description: Accepted by ACL2021
The missing link in gravitational-wave astronomy: A summary of discoveries waiting in the decihertz range
Creators: name: Sedda, Manuel Arca
name: Berry, Christopher P L
name: Jani, Karan
name: Amaro-Seoane, Pau
name: Auclair, Pierre
name: Baird, Jonathon
name: Baker, Tessa
name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Breivik, Katelyn
name: Caprini, Chiara
name: Chen, Xian
name: Doneva, Daniela
name: Ezquiaga, Jose M
name: Ford, K E Saavik
name: Katz, Michael L
name: Kolkowitz, Shimon
name: McKernan, Barry
name: Mueller, Guido
name: Nardini, Germano
name: Pikovski, Igor
name: Rajendran, Surjeet
name: Sesana, Alberto
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Tamanini, Nicola
name: Warburton, Niels
name: Witek, Helvi
name: Wong, Kaze
name: Zevin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since 2015 the gravitational-wave observations of LIGO and Virgo have transformed our understanding of compact-object binaries. In the years to come, ground-based gravitational-wave observatories such as LIGO, Virgo, and their successors will increase in sensitivity, discovering thousands of stellar-mass binaries. In the 2030s, the space-based LISA will provide gravitational-wave observations of massive black holes binaries. Between the $\sim 10$-$10^3~\mathrm{Hz}$ band of ground-based observatories and the $\sim10^{-4}$-$10^{-1}~\mathrm{Hz}$ band of LISA lies the uncharted decihertz gravitational-wave band. We propose a Decihertz Observatory to study this frequency range, and to complement observations made by other detectors. Decihertz observatories are well suited to observation of intermediate-mass ($\sim10^2$-$10^4 M_\odot$) black holes; they will be able to detect stellar-mass binaries days to years before they merge, providing early warning of nearby binary neutron star mergers and measurements of the eccentricity of binary black holes, and they will enable new tests of general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics. Here we summarise how a Decihertz Observatory could provide unique insights into how black holes form and evolve across cosmic time, improve prospects for both multimessenger astronomy and multiband gravitational-wave astronomy, and enable new probes of gravity, particle physics and cosmology.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. Published in Experimental Astronomy. Summarising white paper arXiv:1908.11375
Singularities in nearly-uniform 1D condensates due to quantum diffusion
Creators: name: Baldwin, C. L.
name: Bienias, P.
name: Gorshkov, A. V.
name: Gullans, M. J.
name: Maghrebi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dissipative systems can often exhibit wavelength-dependent loss rates. One prominent example is Rydberg polaritons formed by electromagnetically-induced transparency, which have long been a leading candidate for studying the physics of interacting photons and also hold promise as a platform for quantum information. In this system, dissipation is in the form of quantum diffusion, i.e., proportional to $k^2$ ($k$ being the wavevector) and vanishing at long wavelengths as $k\to 0$. Here, we show that one-dimensional condensates subject to this type of loss are unstable to long-wavelength density fluctuations in an unusual manner: after a prolonged period in which the condensate appears to relax to a uniform state, local depleted regions quickly form and spread ballistically throughout the system. We connect this behavior to the leading-order equation for the nearly-uniform condensate -- a dispersive analogue to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation -- which develops singularities in finite time. Furthermore, we show that the wavefronts of the depleted regions are described by purely dissipative solitons within a pair of hydrodynamic equations, with no counterpart in lossless condensates. We close by discussing conditions under which such singularities and the resulting solitons can be physically realized.
description: Supplemental material is included following the main text
Sucking function in infants : the effects of maternal drug abuse
Creators: name: Damji, Khadija Katy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Infants of mothers who have received narcotics on a continuous basis during pregnancy are born physically dependent. Drug withdrawal, one of many detrimental effects, is initially the most apparent. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) was originally described as a generalized disorder characterized by signs of central nervous system hyperirritability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, respiratory distress, and a host of vague autonomic manifestations. Recent studies have suggested that these same signs follow withdrawal from other addicting drugs as well. Feeding problems are the most common and important concomitants of neonatal withdrawal, because sucking function is uncoordinated, ineffectual and poorly sustained. Previous studies have shown a natural history of recovery of sucking dysfunction during recovery from NAS. A disposable and practical apparatus for monitoring nutritive sucking behaviour was developed, based on a prototype previously described in the literature. A weighted scoring system which encompasses the full spectrum of withdrawal signs was also designed. No significant difference in sucking rate was observed between normal and NAS babies on day 1 (p=0.8). There was a highly significant difference on day 2 (prO.0001), day 3 (p=0.0005), and day 4 (p=0.006). No significant difference in nutrient consumption was observed between normal and NAS babies on day 1 (p=0.9) and day 2 (p=0.8). A significant difference was observed on day 3 (p=0.006) and day 4 (p=0.03). A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between both sucking rate and nutrient consumption with the classical clinical signs of withdrawal over the first two months of life (r=-0.57, -0.51, respectively). The periodic monitoring of sucking rate of the passively addicted infant provides an objective gauge of the seventy of withdrawal in NAS, eliminating the subjectivity of evaluating changes in clinical signs. Therefore, it is recommended that sucking rate measurements be instituted as a standard guide to the management of withdrawal in these infants.
Variable oxygen emission from the accretion disk of Mrk 110
Creators: name: Reeves, J. N.
name: Porquet, D.
name: Braito, V.
name: Grosso, N.
name: Lobban, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Six XMM-Newton observations of the bright narrow line Seyfert 1, Mrk 110, from 2004-2020, are presented. The analysis of the grating spectra from the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) reveals a broad component of the He-like Oxygen (OVII) line, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of $15900\pm1800$ km s$^{-1}$ measured in the mean spectrum. The broad OVII line in all six observations can be modelled with a face-on accretion disk profile, where from these profiles the inner radius of the line emission is inferred to lie between about 20-100 gravitational radii from the black hole. The derived inclination angle, of about 10 degrees, is consistent with studies of the optical Broad Line Region in Mrk 110. The line also appears variable and for the first time, a significant correlation is measured between the OVII flux and the continuum flux from both the RGS and EPIC-pn data. Thus the line responds to the continuum, being brightest when the continuum flux is highest, similar to the reported behaviour of the optical HeII line. The density of the line emitting gas is estimated to be $n_{\rm e}\sim10^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$, consistent with an origin in the accretion disk.
description: 8 pages (including appendix), 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
The peculiar nebula Simeis 57: II. Distance, nature and excitation
Creators: name: Oudshoorn, L. H. T.
name: Israel, F. P.
name: Brinchmann, J.
name: Kloppenburg, M. B. C.
name: Brown, A. G. A.
name: Bally, J.
name: Gull, T. R.
name: Boyd, P. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simeis 57 (HS 191) is an optically bright nebula in the Cygnus X region with a peculiar appearance that suggests an outflow from a rotating source. Newly obtained observations and archival data reveal Simeis 57 as a low-density ($n_{e}\,\sim\,100$ cm$^{-3}$) nebula with an east-to-west excitation gradient. The extinction of the nebula is $A_{V}\,\leq$ 2 mag. The nebula is recognizable but not prominent in mid- and far-infrared images. In its direction, half a dozen small CO clouds have been identified at $V_{LSR}$ = + 5 km s$^{-1}$. One of these coincides with both the optical nebula and a second CO cloud at the nebular velocity $V_{LSR}\,\approx$ -10 km $^{-1}$. No luminous stars are embedded in these molecular clouds, nor are any obscured by them and no sufficiently luminous stars are found in the immediate vicinity of the nebula. Instead, all available data points to the evolved star HD 193793 = WR 140 (an O4-5 supergiant and WC7 Wolf-Rayet binary) as the source of excitation, notwithstanding its large separation of $50'$, about 25 pc at the stellar distance of 1.7 kpc. Simeis 57 appears to be a part of a larger structure surrounding the HI void centered on HD 193793.
Bidirectional elastic diode with frequency-preserved nonreciprocity
Creators: name: Fang, Xin
name: Wen, Jihong
name: Cheng, Li
name: Li, Baowen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of nonreciprocal wave propagation is of great interests for both fundamental research and engineering applications. Here we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a bidirectional, nonreciprocal, and high-quality diode that can rectify elastic waves in both forward and backward directions in an elastic metamaterial designed to exhibit enhanced nonlinearity of resonances. This diode can preserve or vary frequency, rectify low-frequency long wave with small system size, offer high-quality insulation, can be modulated by amplitude, and break reciprocity of both the total energy and fundamental wave. We report three mechanisms to break reciprocity: the amplitude-dependent bandgap combining interface reflection, chaotic response combining linear bandgap, amplitude-dependent attenuation rate in damping diode. The bidirectional diode paves ways for mutually controlling information/energy transport between two sources, which can be used as new wave insulators.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
Hadronic unquenching effects in the quark propagator
Creators: name: Fischer, Christian S.
name: Nickel, Dominik
name: Wambach, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate hadronic unquenching effects in light quarks and mesons. Within the non-perturbative continuum framework of Schwinger-Dyson and Bethe-Salpeter equations we quantify the strength of the back reaction of the pion onto the quark-gluon interaction. To this end we add a Yang-Mills part of the interaction such that unquenched lattice results for various current quark masses are reproduced. We find considerable effects in the quark mass function at low momenta as well as for the chiral condensate. The quark wave function is less affected. The Gell--Mann-Oakes-Renner relation is valid to good accuracy up to pion masses of 400-500 MeV. As a byproduct of our investigation we verify the Coleman theorem, that chiral symmetry cannot be broken spontaneously when QCD is reduced to 1+1 dimensions.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures, minor corrections and clarifications; version to appear in PRD
An exhaustive exploration of the parameter space of the Prisoners' Dilemma in one-dimensional cellular automata
Creators: name: Pereira, Marcelo Alves
name: Martinez, Alexandre Souto
name: Espindola, Aquino Lauri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) is one of the most popular games of the Game Theory due to the emergence of cooperation among competitive rational players. In this paper, we present the PD played in cells of one-dimension cellular automata, where the number of possible neighbors that each cell interacts, z, can vary. This makes possible to retrieve results obtained previously in regular lattices. Exhaustive exploration of the parameters space is presented. We show that the final state of the system is governed mainly by the number of neighbors z and there is a drastic difference if it is even or odd.
description: 6 pages, 7 eps figures, published in the Brazilian Journal of Physics
Diversity im Curriculum - Ein Einblick: Vielfalt wahrnehmen - anerkennen - managen
Creators: name: Caviezel Schmitz, Seraina
name: Ehret, Rebekka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Diversity
Ausbildung
Studium
Bachelor
Vielfalt

description: Kein Abstract verfügbar.
description: + ID der Publikation: hslu_85669 + Art des Beitrages: Andere + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2021-12-07 12:19:33
title: АЗ, БУКИ, ВЕДИ, или о том, как зародилось художественное слово на Руси
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2021

description: Учебное пособие представляет собой комплекс занятий по истории древнерусской литературы для преподавания в иностранной аудитории. Издание охватывает ключевые темы (житийная традиция, воинская повесть, зарождение сатиры и др.), составляющие специфику курса «История русской литературы: древнерусская литература». Учебное пособие может использоваться при проведении практических занятий, а также для подготовки внеучебных мероприятий (олимпиад, тематических недель, литературных викторин, праздников и др.). Издание соответствует требованиям Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования в области обучения русскому языку как иностранному в специальных целях. Предназначено для преподавателей вузов и студентов-иностранцев, обучающихся по филологическим направлениям подготовки, и ориентировано на средний и продвинутый уровни владения русским языком как иностранным (В1–В2).
On the Integration of Hydrogen Into Integrated Energy Systems: Modeling, Optimal Operation, and Reliability Assessment
Creators: Tao Wu
Jianhui Wang
and Meng Yue
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

This paper investigates the integration of hydrogen into the integrated energy systems, focusing on blending hydrogen into natural gas systems.
The proliferation of renewable energy (RE) brings tremendous challenges to integrated energy systems (IESs). Converting RE into hydrogen, one of the cleanest energy carriers, provides an appealing alternative for decarbonized IESs. Among the various hydrogen applications, blending hydrogen into natural gas systems is already applicable. However, the disparate hydrogen physical properties trigger concerns about hydrogen integration. This paper investigates the integration of hydrogen into the IESs, focusing on blending hydrogen into natural gas systems. The literature on hydrogen modeling, control, operation, planning, and markets are first reviewed. Based on the convex combination methods, a power-to-hydrogen-heat-methane (P2HHM) model with unit commitment is proposed. The steady-state and dynamic gas flow models with the explicit consideration of hydrogen effects are then proposed. Two applications are given based on the proposed hydrogen modeling. A Wasserstein metric-based distributionally robust optimal operation model is proposed first based on the developed P2HHM and gas flow models. Then a sequential Monte Carlo simulation-based reliability assessment model is formulated to analyze the effects of hydrogen physical properties and hydrogen fractions on the optimal operation and reliability of the IESs. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the integration of hydrogen and verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Analytic Core Envelope Models for the Crab and the Vela Pulsars
Creators: name: Negi, P S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytic core-envelope models obtained in Negi et al. (1989) under slow rotation. We have regarded in the present study, the lower bound on the estimate of moment of inertia of the Crab pulsar, $I_{\rm Crab,45} \geq 2$ (where $I_{45}=I/10^{45}\rm g{cm}^2$) obtained by Gunn and Ostriker (1969) as a round off value of the recently estimated value of $I_{\rm Crab,45} \geq 1.93$ (Bejger \& Haensel 2003) for the Crab pulsar. If this value of lower bound is combined with the other observational constraint obtained for the Crab pulsar (Crawford \& Demiansky 2003), $G_h = I_{\rm core}/I_{\rm total} \geq 0.7$ ( where $G_h$ is called the glitch healing parameter and represents the fractional moment of inertia of the core component in the starquake mechanism of glitch generation), the models yield the mass, $M$, and surface redshift, $z_a$, for the Crab pulsar in the range, $M = 1.79M_\odot - 1.88M_\odot$; $z_a = 0.374 - 0.393$ ($I_{45} = 2$) for an assigned value of the surface density, $E_a = 2\times 10^{14}\rm g{cm}^{-3}$ (like, Brecher and Caporaso 1976). This assigned value of surface density, in fact, is an outcome of the first observational constraint imposed on our models that further yields the mass $M = 1.96M_\odot $ and surface redshift $z_a=$ 0.414 ($I_{45}= 2$) for the values of $G_h \approx 0.12$, which actually belongs to the observed `central' weighted mean value for the Vela pulsar. These values of mass and surface redshift predict the energy of a gravitationally redshifted electron-positron annihilation line, $E (\rm {MeV}) = 0.511/(1+z_a)$ (Lindblom 1984) in the range about 0.396 - 401 MeV from the Crab and about 0.389 MeV from the Vela pulsar. The evidence of a line feature at about 0.40MeV from the Crab pulsar (Leventhal et al. 1977) agrees quite well with the finding of this study.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Robust Protection in DER-Rich Distribution Grids
Creators: Dongqi Wu
Dileep Kalathil
Miroslav M. Begovic
Kevin Q. Ding
and Le Xie
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

This paper introduces a new framework of deep reinforcement learning based protective relay design in power distribution systems with many distributed energy resources.
This paper introduces a new framework of deep reinforcement learning based protective relay design in power distribution systems with many distributed energy resources (DERs). With increasing penetration of power electronically-interfaced resources, conventional overcurrent relays' performance is rendered less effective due to the two-way uncertainties in power flow patterns. In this paper, a machine learning-based protective relay that is designed for adaptively deciding the threshold for relay action is proposed. The particular algorithm used is an Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) enhanced deep neural network that is highly accurate, communication-free and easy to implement. The proposed relay design is tested in OpenDSS simulation on the IEEE 34-node test feeder and a collection of large synthetic feeders in Austin, Texas area. By designing adaptability upfront, the proposed relay is shown to substantially improve the performance of relay in terms of failure rate, robustness, and response speed, in particular in scenarios with high level of distributed energy resources.
Federated Learning for Short-Term Residential Load Forecasting
Creators: Christopher Briggs
Zhong Fan
and Peter Andras
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

In this work we propose and explore a federated learning based approach for training forecasting models in a distributed, collaborative manner whilst retaining the privacy of the underlying data.
Load forecasting is an essential task performed within the energy industry to help balance supply with demand and maintain a stable load on the electricity grid. As supply transitions towards less reliable renewable energy generation, smart meters will prove a vital component to facilitate these forecasting tasks. However, smart meter adoption is low among privacy-conscious consumers that fear intrusion upon their fine-grained consumption data. In this work we propose and explore a federated learning (FL) based approach for training forecasting models in a distributed, collaborative manner whilst retaining the privacy of the underlying data. We compare two approaches: FL, and a clustered variant, FL+HC against a non-private, centralised learning approach and a fully private, localised learning approach. Within these approaches, we measure model performance using RMSE and computational efficiency. In addition, we suggest the FL strategies are followed by a personalisation step and show that model performance can be improved by doing so. We show that FL+HC followed by personalisation can achieve a ~5% improvement in model performance with a ~10x reduction in computation compared to localised learning. Finally we provide advice on private aggregation of predictions for building a private end-to-end load forecasting application.
Exploring holographic dark energy model with Sandage-Loeb test
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongbao
name: Zhong, Wuhan
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
name: He, Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking into account that Sandage-Loeb test is unique in its coverage of the redshift desert and available in the near future, we explore the cosmic time evolution behavior of the source redshift for holographic dark energy model, an important competing cosmological model. As a result, we find that Sandage-Loeb test can provide a extremely strong bound on $Ω^0_m$, while its constraint on another dimensionless parameter $λ$ is weak. In addition, it is proposed here for the first time that we can also constrain various cosmological model by measuring the value of $z_{max}$ at which the peak of redshift velocity occurs. Combining this new proposed method with the traditional Sandage-Loeb test, we should be able to provide a better constraint on $λ$, at least from the theoretical perspective.
description: Typos corrected, version to appear in PRD