cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time-(ir)reversibility in active matter: from micro to macro
Creators: name: O'Byrne, Jérémy
name: Kafri, Yariv
name: Tailleur, Julien
name: van Wijland, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active matter encompasses systems whose individual consituents dissipate energy to exert propelling forces on their environment. This rapidly developing field harbors a dynamical phenomenology with no counterpart in passive systems. The extent to which this is rooted in the breaking of time-reversibility has recently triggered an important theoretical and experimental activity which is the focus of this review. Building on recent progress in the field, we disentangle the respective roles of the arrow of time and of the non-Boltzmann nature of steady-state fluctuations in single- and many-body active systems. We show that effective time-reversible descriptions of active systems may be found at all scales, and discuss how interactions, either between constituents or with external operators, may reveal the non-equilibrium nature of the microscopic source of energy. At a time when the engineering of active materials appears within our reach, this allows us to discuss to which extent methods stemming from equilibrium statistical mechanics may guide us in their design.
S-duality and 2d Topological QFT
Creators: name: Gadde, Abhijit
name: Pomoni, Elli
name: Rastelli, Leonardo
name: Razamat, Shlomo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the superconformal index for the class of N=2 4d superconformal field theories recently introduced by Gaiotto. These theories are defined by compactifying the (2,0) 6d theory on a Riemann surface with punctures. We interpret the index of the 4d theory associated to an n-punctured Riemann surface as the n-point correlation function of a 2d topological QFT living on the surface. Invariance of the index under generalized S-duality transformations (the mapping class group of the Riemann surface) translates into associativity of the operator algebra of the 2d TQFT. In the A_1 case, for which the 4d SCFTs have a Lagrangian realization, the structure constants and metric of the 2d TQFT can be calculated explicitly in terms of elliptic gamma functions. Associativity then holds thanks to a remarkable symmetry of an elliptic hypergeometric beta integral, proved very recently by van de Bult.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 5 of Mitotic arrest affects clustering of tumor cells
Creators: name: Bonnet, Julia
name: Rigal, Lise
name: Mondesert, Odile
name: Morin, Renaud
name: Corsaut, Gaëlle
name: Vigneau, Mathieu
name: Ducommun, Bernard
name: Lobjois, Valérie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additonal file 5: Figure S5. Microdevice to study clustering at the single-cell scale. a Mask used for the fabrication of the silicon wafer. b One array of 9 PDMS micro-wells (outer diameter: 650 µm, inner diameter: 450 µm, and height: 200 µm) that are (c) glued on the bottom of the compartments of CELLviewTM cell culture dishes for monitoring by time-lapse video-microscopy.
Complex Dirac structures: invariants and local structure
Creators: name: Aguero, Dan
name: Rubio, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study complex Dirac structures, that is, Dirac structures in the complexified generalized tangent bundle. These include presymplectic foliations, transverse holomorphic structures, CR-related geometries and generalized complex structures. We introduce two invariants, the order and the (normalized) type. We show that, together with the real index, they allow us to obtain a pointwise classification of complex Dirac structures. For constant order, we prove the existence of an underlying real Dirac structure, which generalizes the Poisson structure associated to a generalized complex structure. For constant real index and order, we prove a splitting theorem, which gives a local description in terms of a presymplectic leaf and a small transversal.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Communications in Mathematical Physics
title: Cellular signalling and regulation of nitric oxide synthesis
Creators: name: Bulut, Vedat
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Cellular biology.

description: Murine macrophages synthesise nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine, and the reaction is catalysed by NO synthases (NOS). Macrophages stimulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a high concentration of LPS alone can produce large amounts of NO. Using a murine macrophage cell line, J774, we have investigated the signalling mechanisms for NO production. Transient increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) did not affect the production of NO. However, prolonged elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, using the prostaglandin E2 and phosphodiesterase inhibitors isobutylmethylxanthine or rolipram, was found to inhibit NO production. This inhibition did not occur at the level of gene transcription, but at the post transcriptional level. Interferon-gamma and LPS treatment resulted in protein kinase C (PKC) activation and translocation into the plasma membrane, which correlated with NO production and NOS activity. The activation and the translocation of PKC was inhibited by IL-4, a physiological inhibitor of NO synthesis. IL-4 and the PKC inhibitor, Ro31-8220, inhibited the transcription of inducible NOS (iNOS) gene. IL-4 did not induce an elevation of cAMP levels in macrophages. These data suggest that IL-4 acts by inhibiting the activation of PKC, which is essential in the induction of iNOS gene transcription, but not via the induction of cAMP generation. We also showed that pertussis toxin (Ptx) sensitive-G-proteins are not involved in the induction of iNOS expression in macrophages, and modification of G-proteins by Ptx and cholera toxin (Ctx) did not alter NO production in J774 cells. NO production, stimulated by IFN-gamma and LPS, was not inhibited by Ctx, even although Ctx induced significant levels of intracellular cAMP. Furthermore, since phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors, such as 4-4-octadecyl-4- oxobenzene butenoic acid, 4-bromophenacyl bromide and dexamethasone, have no effect on NO production by J774 cells, it is suggested that arachidonic acid metabolites and PLA2 are not involved in NO production in macrophages.
Shadowing of the electromagnetic field of a relativistic electron
Creators: name: Naumenko, G.
name: Artru, X.
name: Potylitsyn, A.
name: Popov, Yu.
name: Sukhikh, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In coherent radiation sources (diffraction radiation, Smith-Purcell effect, etc.) based on relativistic electrons passing by a material radiator, the electron self-field is partly shadowed after each part of the radiator over a distance of the order of the formation length g2l. This effect has been investigated on coherent diffraction radiation (DR) by electron bunches. An absorbing half-plane screen was placed at various distances L before a standard DR source (inclined half-plane mirror). The DR intensity was reduced when the screen was at small L and on the same side as the mirror. No reduction was observed when the screen was on the opposite side. The shadowing effect can significantly reduce the total energy radiated in a long radiator.
description: Was Presented at the symposium Channeling 2008 (Charged and Neutral Particles Channeling Phenomena), October 25 - November 1, 2008 Erice (Trapani - Sicily), Italy, and was accepted for publication in proceedings of symposium
Exact Landau Level Description of Geometry and Interaction in a Flatband
Creators: name: Wang, Jie
name: Cano, Jennifer
name: Millis, Andrew J.
name: Liu, Zhao
name: Yang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flatbands appear in many condensed matter systems, such as in high magnetic fields, correlated materials and moire heterostructures. They are characterized by intrinsic geometric properties such as the Berry curvature and Fubini-Study metric. In general the band geometry is nonuniform in momentum space, making its influence on electron-electron interactions a difficult problem to understand analytically. In this work, we study this problem in a topological flatband of Chern number C=1 with the ideal properties that the Berry curvature is positive definite and fluctuates in sync with Fubini-Study metric. We derive an exact correspondence between such ideal flatbands and Landau levels by showing how the band geometry fluctuation in ideal flatbands gives raise to a new type of interaction in Landau levels which depends on the center-of-mass of two particles. We characterize such interaction by generalizing the usual Haldane pseudopotentials. This mapping gives exact zero-energy ground states for short-ranged repulsive generalized pseudopotentials in flatbands, in analogy to fractional quantum Hall systems. Driving the center-of-mass interactions beyond the repulsive regime leads to a dramatic reconstruction of the ground states towards gapless phases. The generalized pseudopotential could be a useful basis for future numerical studies.
description: Two more applications added to the appendix
SLEEPING WHILE AWAKE: A NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON SLEEP DURING WAKEFULNESS.
Creators: name: D'AMBROSIO, SASHA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Il sonno e la veglia vengono comunemente considerati come due stati distinti. L?alternanza tra essi, la cui presenza � stata dimostrata in ogni specie animale studiata fino ad oggi, sembra essere una delle caratteristiche che definisce la nostra vita. Allo stesso tempo, per�, le scoperte portate alla luce negli ultimi decenni hanno offuscato i confini tra questi due stati. I meccanismi del sonno hanno sempre affascinato i neurofisiologi, che infatti, nell?ultimo secolo, li hanno caratterizzati in dettaglio: ora sappiamo che all?attivit� del sonno sottost� una specifica attivit� neuronale chiamata slow oscillation. La slow oscillation, che � costituita da (ancora una volta) un?alternanza tra periodi di attivit� e periodi di iperpolarizzazione e silenzio neuronale (OFF-periods), � la modalit� base di attivazione del cervello dormiente. Questa alternanza � dovuta alla tendenza dei neuroni surante lo stato di sonno, di passare ad un periodo silente dopo un?attivazione iniziale, una tendenza a cui viene dato il nome di bistabilit� neuronale. Molti studi hanno dimostrato come la bistabilit� neuronale tipica del sonno ed i relativi OFF-periods, possano accadere anche durante la veglia in particolari condizioni patologiche, nelle transizioni del sonno e durante le deprivazioni di sonno. Per questo motivo, se accettassimo che la bistabilit� neuronale e gli OFF-periods rappresentino una caratteristica fondamentale del sonno, allora dovremmo ammettere che stiamo assistendo ad un cambio di paradigma: da una prospettiva neurofisiologica il sonno pu� intrudere nella veglia. In questa tesi ho analizzato i nuovi -fluidi- confini tra sonno e veglia e le possibili implicazioni di questi nel problema della persistenza personale attraverso il tempo. Inoltre, ho studiato le implicazioni cliniche dell?intrusione di sonno nella veglia in pazienti con lesioni cerebrali focali di natura ischemica. In particolare, i miei obiettivi sono stati: 1) Dimostrare come la bistabilit� neuronale possa essere responsabile della perdita di funzione nei pazienti affetti da ischemia cerebrale e come questo potrebbe avere implicazioni nello studio della patofisiologia dell?ischemia cerebrale e nella sua terapia; 2) Stabilire le basi per un modello di sonno locale presente nella vita di tutti i giorni: la sensazione di sonnolenza. Infatti, essa potrebbe riflettere la presenza di porzioni di corteccia in stato di sonno, ma durante lo stato di veglia; 3) Difendere il criterio biologico di identit�, che troverebbe nell?attivit� cerebrale la continuit� necessaria al mantenimento della nostra identit� nel tempo.
Fully Automatic 3D Reconstruction of Histological Images
Creators: name: Bagci, Ulas
name: Bai, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.3; I.4.5; I.4

description: In this paper, we propose a computational framework for 3D volume reconstruction from 2D histological slices using registration algorithms in feature space. To improve the quality of reconstructed 3D volume, first, intensity variations in images are corrected by an intensity standardization process which maps image intensity scale to a standard scale where similar intensities correspond to similar tissues. Second, a subvolume approach is proposed for 3D reconstruction by dividing standardized slices into groups. Third, in order to improve the quality of the reconstruction process, an automatic best reference slice selection algorithm is developed based on an iterative assessment of image entropy and mean square error of the registration process. Finally, we demonstrate that the choice of the reference slice has a significant impact on registration quality and subsequent 3D reconstruction.
description: IEEE ISBI-08 Submission
Exploration of patterns of drug use, methamphetamine dependence and associated harms, and barriers to treatment among people who inject drugs in north and south Tasmania
Creators: name: Bishop, CA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The current study examined patterns of drug use, associated harms, and access to drug treatment among individuals who inject drugs in northern and southern Tasmania. One hundred individuals in the south and 41 in the north were interviewed using the Illicit Drug Reporting System paradigm. Given recent community concern regarding methamphetamine, harms were examined as a function of likely dependence on methamphetamine by classifying respondents into groups based on Stimulant Severity of Dependence scores: no methamphetamine use; methamphetamine use, not likely dependent; and methamphetamine use, likely dependent. Differences were found in patterns of use and harms across the state, suggesting that generalisation of research conducted in the capital city is not appropriate. Even among a sample engaging in high levels of poly-drug use, certain harms were found to be associated specifically with methamphetamine use and dependence. Access to appropriate treatment for methamphetamine use was low among those displaying dependence, with the majority of the sample engaging only in treatment for opioid use disorders. Individuals often perceived that they did not need treatment, despite negative perceptions of methamphetamine use, and viewed treatment options as not efficacious. Lack of perceived need was also noted as a reason for not accessing metal health services despite self-perceived mental health problems. This suggests the importance of education and integrated service delivery to ensure that when clients present to mental health or alcohol and drug services both substance use and mental health needs are met, especially as co-morbid difficulties are common.
Archaeology and Media
Creators: name: Heffer, Polly
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Small-scale swirl events in the quiet Sun chromosphere
Creators: name: Wedemeyer-Böhm, Sven
name: van der Voort, Luc Rouppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in instrumentation enables solar observations with high resolution simultaneously in the spatial, temporal, and spectral domains. We use such high-resolution observations to study small-scale structures and dynamics in the chromosphere of the quiet Sun. We analyze time series of spectral scans through the Ca II 854.2nm spectral line obtained with the CRISP instrument at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. The targets are quiet Sun regions inside coronal holes close to disc-centre. The line core maps exhibit relatively few fibrils compared to what is normally observed in quiet Sun regions outside coronal holes. The time series show a chaotic and dynamic scene that includes spatially confined "swirl" events. These events feature dark and bright rotating patches, which can consist of arcs, spiral arms, rings or ring fragments. The width of the fragments typically appears to be on the order of only 0.2", which is close to the effective spatial resolution. They exhibit Doppler shifts of -2 to -4 km/s but sometimes up to -7 km/s, indicating fast upflows. The diameter of a swirl is usually of the order of 2". At the location of these swirls, the line wing and wide-band maps show close groups of photospheric bright points that move with respect to each other. A likely explanation is that the relative motion of the bright points twists the associated magnetic field in the chromosphere above. Plasma or propagating waves may then spiral upwards guided by the magnetic flux structure, thereby producing the observed intensity signature of Doppler-shifted ring fragments.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, A&A Letter, accepted (final version)
Day of Archaeology 2014: A life of lithics, balance and luck
Creators: name: Hoggard, Christian
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
On Katznelson's Question for skew product systems
Creators: name: Glasscock, Daniel
name: Koutsogiannis, Andreas
name: Richter, Florian K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B05, 37B20, 05B10

description: Katznelson's Question is a long-standing open question concerning recurrence in topological dynamics with strong historical and mathematical ties to open problems in combinatorics and harmonic analysis. In this article, we give a positive answer to Katznelson's Question for certain towers of skew product extensions of equicontinuous systems, including systems of the form $(x,t) \mapsto (x + α, t + h(x))$. We describe which frequencies must be controlled for in order to ensure recurrence in such systems, and we derive combinatorial corollaries concerning the difference sets of syndetic subsets of the natural numbers.
description: 38 pages, revised version; the statement of Theorem C has become more general addressing the case in which a higher-order derivative of the sequence f is almost periodic. To appear in BAMS
Archaeology at Museum of Liverpool
Creators: name: Stewart, Liz
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
title: Exchange rate elasticity of exports and the role of institutions
Creators: name: Garayeva, Aygun
name: Tahirova, Gulzar
Publisher: name: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/007ygn379
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017

description: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Working Paper ; no. 16/2017
ADS at the Center for Digital Heritage Summer School
Creators: name: Green, Katie
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Additional file 2 of Generation of dyskeratosis congenita-like hematopoietic stem cells through the stable inhibition of DKC1
Creators: name: Carrascoso-Rubio, Carlos
name: Zittersteijn, Hidde A.
name: Pintado-Berninches, Laura
name: Fernández-Varas, Beatriz
name: M. Luz Lozano
name: Manguan-Garcia, Cristina
name: Sastre, Leandro
name: Bueren, Juan A.
name: Perona, Rosario
name: Guenechea, Guillermo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 1. A) DKC1 expression after transduction with a library of DKC1-specific shRNAs, n=3. Analyses were performed 5-8 days post-transduction. B) Analysis of the vector copy number per cell (VCN/cell) after transduction with shRNA-LVs. Analyses were performed at least after 15 days post-transduction. Supplementary Figure 2. Gating strategy and analysis of Annexin V-based apoptosis assay. Representative dot-plots of flow cytometry analyses in DKC1-interferred CD34+ cells are shown. Supplementary Figure 3. Levels of CD34+ cells after 10 days in culture (n=3). Supplementary Figure 4. Telomere length in human CD34+ samples transduced with DKC1-shRNAs and scrambled-shRNA LVs and cultured for 8 days as described in Materials and Methods section. For comparison, also human peripheral blood cells and fresh CD34+ cells were analyzed (n=1). Supplementary Figure 5. Analysis of the clonogenic potential, discriminating between GM-CFU (A) and E-BFU (B) colonies, of CD34+ cells transduced with DKC1-shRNA LVs and scrambled shRNA-LVs (n=8). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significant differences determined by Student’s t test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). Supplementary Figure 6. Gating strategy and analysis of the NSG mice repopulating potential of CD34+ cells transduced with iDKC1 and scrambled-shRNA LVs. Representative dot-plots of flow cytometry analyses performed in the bone marrow samples from two mice transplanted with scrambled-shRNA LVs are shown. Supplementary Figure 7. Analysis of the VCNs in the bone marrow of recipient NSG mice at 3 months post-transplantation. NSG mice were transplanted with scrambled transduced CD34+ cells (orange dots, n=14) or iDKC1 interfered CD34+ cells (blue dots, n=8)
Critical point counts in knot cobordisms: abelian and metacyclic invariants
Creators: name: Livingston, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K10

description: For pairs of knots K and J in the three-sphere, we consider the set of four-tuples of integers (g,x,y,z) for which there is a cobordism from K to J of genus g having x, y, and z, critical points of index 0, 1, and 2, respectively. We describe basic properties that such sets must satisfy and then build obstructions to membership in the set. These obstructions are based on homological invariants arising from cyclic and metacyclic branched covering spaces. A series of examples is presented. A concluding example demonstrates that for each pair of integers g and n, there exists a ribbon knot K for which any genus g cobordism from K to its reverse K^r must have at least n critical points of each index.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Adventures in Digital Archaeology & Open Access Antiquarianism
Creators: name: Richter, Ashley
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Thermal variational quantum simulation on a superconducting quantum processor
Creators: name: Guo, Xue-Yi
name: Li, Shang-Shu
name: Xiao, Xiao
name: Xiang, Zhong-Cheng
name: Ge, Zi-Yong
name: Li, He-Kang
name: Song, Peng-Tao
name: Peng, Yi
name: Xu, Kai
name: Zhang, Pan
name: Wang, Lei
name: Zheng, Dong-Ning
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solving finite-temperature properties of quantum many-body systems is generally challenging to classical computers due to their high computational complexities. In this article, we present experiments to demonstrate a hybrid quantum-classical simulation of thermal quantum states. By combining a classical probabilistic model and a 5-qubit programmable superconducting quantum processor, we prepare Gibbs states and excited states of Heisenberg XY and XXZ models with high fidelity and compute thermal properties including the variational free energy, energy, and entropy with a small statistical error. Our approach combines the advantage of classical probabilistic models for sampling and quantum co-processors for unitary transformations. We show that the approach is scalable in the number of qubits, and has a self-verifiable feature, revealing its potentials in solving large-scale quantum statistical mechanics problems on near-term intermediate-scale quantum computers.
description: 6 + 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Additional file 1 of Generation of dyskeratosis congenita-like hematopoietic stem cells through the stable inhibition of DKC1
Creators: name: Carrascoso-Rubio, Carlos
name: Zittersteijn, Hidde A.
name: Pintado-Berninches, Laura
name: Fernández-Varas, Beatriz
name: M. Luz Lozano
name: Manguan-Garcia, Cristina
name: Sastre, Leandro
name: Bueren, Juan A.
name: Perona, Rosario
name: Guenechea, Guillermo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Overview of the information about the shRNA sequences. Supplementary Table 2. Compilation of RT-qPCR data in CD34+ transduced with scrambled and DKC1-shRNA LVs. A) Results of DKC1 expression (n = 7). B) TERC expression data (n = 7). C) Expression of CDKN1A gene (n = 6). Triplicates were performed in every experiment and results are expressed as mean ± SEM
Imposing multi-physics constraints at different densities on the Neutron Star Equation of State
Creators: name: Ghosh, Suprovo
name: Chatterjee, Debarati
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron star matter spans a wide range of densities, from that of nuclei at the surface to exceeding several times normal nuclear matter density in the core. While terrestrial experiments, such as nuclear or heavy-ion collision experiments, provide clues about the behaviour of dense nuclear matter, one must resort to theoretical models of neutron star matter to extrapolate to higher density and finite neutron/proton asymmetry relevant for neutron stars. In this work, we explore the parameter space within the framework of the Relativistic Mean Field model allowed by present uncertainties compatible with state-of-the-art experimental data. We apply a cut-off filter scheme to constrain the parameter space using multi-physics constraints at different density regimes: chiral effective field theory, nuclear and heavy-ion collision data as well as multi-messenger astrophysical observations of neutron stars. Using the results of the study, we investigate possible correlations between nuclear and astrophysical observables.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures
Closed-form existence conditions for band-gap resonances in a finite periodic chain under general boundary conditions
Creators: name: Bastawrous, Mary V.
name: Hussein, Mahmoud I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bragg scattering in periodic media generates band gaps, frequency bands where waves attenuate rather than propagate. Yet, a finite periodic structure may exhibit resonance frequencies within these band gaps. This is caused by boundary effects introduced by the truncation of the nominal infinite medium. Previous studies of discrete systems determined existence conditions for band-gap resonances, although the focus has been limited to periodic chains with free-free boundaries. In this paper, we present closed-form existence conditions for band-gap resonances in discrete diatomic chains with general boundary conditions (free-free, free-fixed, fixed-free, or fixed-fixed), odd or even chain parity (contrasting or identical masses at the ends), and the possibility of attaching a unique component (mass and/or spring) at one or both ends. The derived conditions are consistent with those theoretically presented or experimentally observed in prior studies of structures that can be modeled as linear discrete diatomic chains with free-free boundary conditions. An intriguing case is a free-free chain with even parity and an arbitrary additional mass at one end of the chain. Introducing such an arbitrary mass underscores a transition among a set of distinct existence conditions depending on the type of the chain boundaries and parity. The proposed analysis is applicable to linear periodic chains in the form of lumped-parameter models as well as continuous granular media models examined in the low-frequency regime.
title: A New Library of Stellar Model Atmospheres and Spectra
Creators: name: Hyder, D
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2019

description: The information we can gather about chemical composition and evolutionary status of stars comes from the detection and analysis of the photons that are emitted, and comparisons with theoretical predictions. The relative abundances of elements within the Sun provide the baseline against which the elemental abundances of all other stars, galaxies and the interstellar medium are based upon. Libraries of model atmospheres and stellar spectra have been previously computed using ATLAS9 based upon the solar metallicity and chemical composition values calculated by Grevesse & Sauval (1998), used as the standard until Asplund et al. (2009) produced a new determination of the chemical composition of the Sun. This new value for the total metallicity of the Sun is lower than that which was previously determined, and the abundances of elements such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen are different, which has significant implications for the analysis of the spectroscopy of stellar populations. In this project new opacity distribution functions have been calculated using the Asplund et al (2009) abundances for several metallicities ranging from -2.5 to +0.5, and these have been used to produce new grids of ATLAS9 model atmospheres and synthetic spectra for stars with effective temperatures of 3500 K to 100000 K and log g from 0.0 dex to 0.5 dex, for both normal and alpha enhanced stars. Comparisons of the synthetic spectra produced by the old and new models show that there is very little difference in the energy distribution in stars hotter than 4500 K. Investigations into the bolometric corrections and colour indices show some differences with the U-B, B-V and u-b indices from the new ODFs being slightly redder for effective temperatures below 4500K, but above this there are no significant differences. Comparisons between the bolometric corrections and colour indices calculated using the new abundances and the empirically derived values show a good general agreement for main sequence stars regardless of the metallicity, but less so for giant stars.
A CYT18 homologue from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Creators: name: Yerrabelli, Anintha Devi
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2004
Subjects: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Group I introns
CYT18 homologue

description: An N-terminal part of a cDNA clone in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii EST Kazusa database was found to be similar in sequence to the N-terminus of CYT-18 from Neurospora crassa. Upon sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, it was found to encode the full protein, with an N-terminal targetting peptide. A BLAST analysis, performed with the amino acid sequence, revealed that the protein is similar to bacterial and organellar tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases. PSORT, CHLOROP, and TARGETP analysis predicted the protein to be targeted towards mitochondria and possibly the chloroplast, but primarily targeted to mitochondria. Three N-terminal alpha helices in the Neurospora CYT-18 have been shown to be essential for promoting splicing of certain group I introns (Mohr et al. 2001). There are three predicted alpha helices at the N-terminus immediately following the targeting peptide. The Arabidopsis TyrRS, which is more closely related to the Chlamydomonas protein, did not show these N-terminal idiosyncratic helices. This data suggests that Chlamydomonas TyrRS could function as a group I splicing factor for chloroplast introns. It could also be a dual-targeted protein (to both the chloroplast and the mitochondria). I will also be reviewing protein factors assisting group I intron splicing
Momentum signatures for Schwinger pair production in short laser pulses with a sub-cycle structure
Creators: name: Hebenstreit, Florian
name: Alkofer, Reinhard
name: Dunne, Gerald V.
name: Gies, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electron-positron pair production from vacuum for short laser pulses with sub-cycle structure, in the nonperturbative regime (Schwinger pair production). We use the non-equilibrium quantum kinetic approach, and show that the momentum spectrum of the created electron-positron pairs is extremely sensitive to the sub-cycle dynamics -- depending on the laser frequency $ω$, the pulse length $τ$, and the carrier phase $ϕ$ -- and shows several distinctive new signatures. This observation could help not only in the design of laser pulses to optimize the experimental signature of Schwinger pair production, but also ultimately lead to new probes of light pulses at extremely short time scales.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Revised version: Minor changes and typos corrected. PRL Version
Archaeology at Cirencester Sixth Form College
Creators: name: Gibbs, Alice
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
A Third Day In The Life (Of An Archaeological Geophysicist)
Creators: name: Hunter, David
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Size fluctuations of the initial source and the event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Broniowski, Wojciech
name: Chojnacki, Mikolaj
name: Obara, Lukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the event-by-event fluctuations of the transverse size of the initial source, which follow directly from the Glauber treatment of the earliest stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, cause, after hydrodynamic evolution, fluctuations of the transverse flow velocity at hadronic freeze-out. This in turn leads to event-by-event fluctuations of the average transverse momentum, p_T. Simulations with GLISSANDO for the Glauber phase, followed by a realistic hydrodynamic evolution and statistical hadronization carried out with THERMINATOR, lead to agreement with the RHIC data. In particular, the magnitude of the effect, its centrality dependence, and the weak dependence on the incident energy are properly reproduced. Our results show that bulk of the observed event-by-event p_T fluctuations may be explained by the fluctuations of the size of the initial source.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, version accepted in PRC
The Dead Sequence: A Clear Bimodality in Galaxy Colors from z=0 to z=2.5
Creators: name: Brammer, G. B.
name: Whitaker, K. E.
name: van Dokkum, P. G.
name: Marchesini, D.
name: Labbe, I.
name: Franx, M.
name: Kriek, M.
name: Quadri, R. F.
name: Illingworth, G.
name: Lee, K. -S.
name: Muzzin, A.
name: Rudnick, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We select 25,000 galaxies from the NEWFIRM Medium Band Survey (NMBS) to study the rest-frame U-V color distribution of galaxies at 0 < z < 2.5. The five unique NIR filters of the NMBS enable the precise measurement of photometric redshifts and rest-frame colors for 9,900 galaxies at 1 < z < 2.5. The rest-frame U-V color distribution at all z
description: 5 pages + 4 figures, emulateapj format. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
On the Compression of Neural Networks Using $\ell_0$-Norm Regularization and Weight Pruning
Creators: name: Oliveira, Felipe Dennis de Resende
name: Batista, Eduardo Luiz Ortiz
name: Seara, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.6

description: Despite the growing availability of high-capacity computational platforms, implementation complexity still has been a great concern for the real-world deployment of neural networks. This concern is not exclusively due to the huge costs of state-of-the-art network architectures, but also due to the recent push towards edge intelligence and the use of neural networks in embedded applications. In this context, network compression techniques have been gaining interest due to their ability for reducing deployment costs while keeping inference accuracy at satisfactory levels. The present paper is dedicated to the development of a novel compression scheme for neural networks. To this end, a new form of $\ell_0$-norm-based regularization is firstly developed, which is capable of inducing strong sparseness in the network during training. Then, targeting the smaller weights of the trained network with pruning techniques, smaller yet highly effective networks can be obtained. The proposed compression scheme also involves the use of $\ell_2$-norm regularization to avoid overfitting as well as fine tuning to improve the performance of the pruned network. Experimental results are presented aiming to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme as well as to make comparisons with competing approaches.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables
Day with Macedonian Archaeology - Forms of Fatalist Beliefs in Ancient Macedonians
Creators: name: Archaeologica
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.