Caudacalanus mirus Markhaseva & Schulz, 2008, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Markhaseva, Elena L.
name: Schulz, Knud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Calanoida
Arctokonstantinidae
Caudacalanus
Caudacalanus mirus

description: Caudacalanus mirus sp. nov.
(Figs 1–3)
Holotype. Dissected adult female (ZMH Reg. no. K–41255), body length 2.70 mm. Collected Southern Ocean, 60º38’S 53º57’W, RV Polarstern (ANDEEP I), 30 January 2002, above the seabed at 2893– 2889 m. Paratype. Dissected adult female (ZMH Reg. no. K–41256), body length 2.80 mm. Collected Southern Ocean, 65º19’S 51º31’W, RV Polarstern (ANDEEP II), 0 5 March 2002, above the seabed at 3050 m.
The holotype and paratype are deposited at the Zoological Museum Hamburg, University of Hamburg (ZMH).
Description. Female: total length 2.70–2.80 mm (n=2). Prosome 1.3–1.5 times as long as urosome. Rostrum as an elongated cone (Fig. 1 C–D). Posterior corners of prosome as short rounded lobes (Fig. 1 A–B, I). Genital double somite symmetrical (Fig. 1 H–I, K). Caudal rami asymmetrical; right ramus nearly twice as long and wide as left; both rami with 4 terminal setae; right ramus with a small mediodorsal seta, ventral seta lacking; left ramus with a small medioventral seta, dorsal seta lacking (Fig. 1 B, F–G).
Antennule extending to posterior border of prosome somite 3 (Fig. 3 A–D), 25­segmented, segments 24– 25 incompletely separate, armature as follows: I–1 s, II– IV–6 s + 1ae, V–2 s, VI–2 s, VII–2 s + 1ae, VIII–2 s, IX– 2 s, X– XI–4 s + 1ae, XII–1 s, XIII–2s, XIV–2s, XV–1s, XVI–2s, XVII–1s, XVIII–1s, XIX–1s, XX–1s, XXI– 2s, XXII– 1s, XXIII–1s, XXIV–2s, XXV–2s, XXVI–2s, XXVII–2s, XXVIII–3s+ 1ae.
Antenna (Fig. 2 A), coxa with 1 seta; basis with 2 setae; first endopodal segment with 1 seta (2 in paratype), second with 7 (8 in paratype) and 6 setae (13­14 setae in total), endopod about 1.8 times as long as exopod; exopod 8­segmented with 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 and 3 setae, second segment complex of 3 ancestral segments with 0–0–1 setae.
Mandible (Fig. 2 B–C), gnathobase with 4 large teeth and seta; basis with 2 setae; endopod segment 1 without setae, segment 2 with 8 setae; exopod 5­segmented with 1, 1, 1, 1 and 2 setae.
Maxillule (Fig. 2 D), praecoxal arthrite with 7 terminal spines (8 spines in paratype) and 2 posterior setae; coxal epipodite with 1 seta; coxal endite with 4 setae, 2 long and strongly sclerotized; proximal basal and distal basal endites reduced; endopod fused to exopod, without setae.
Maxilla (Fig. 2 E), praecoxal and coxal endites with 2 setae each; basis without setae; endopod 3­segmented with 1, 1 and 2 setae.
Maxilliped (Fig. 2 F), syncoxa with 2 setae on distal praecoxal endite, 1 seta longer than basis plus endopod and curved in terminal part; coxal endite with 1 seta. Basis with 1 medial seta. Endopod 3­segmented with 1, 1, and 1 setae.
P1 (Fig. 3 E–F), coxa without seta; basis without a medial or lateral seta; endopod 1­segmented with 3 medial and 2 terminal setae, lacking lateral lobe, distal lateral corner smoothly rounded, not reaching suture between exopod segments 2 and 3; exopod segment 1 without setae, exopod segment 2 with 1 medial seta, lateral spine lacking; exopod segment 3 with 4 medial setae, 1 terminal and 1 lateral spine.
P2 (Fig. 3 G), coxa with seta, basis without seta; endopod 2­segmented, segment 1 with 1 medial seta, segment 2 with 2 medial, 2 terminal and 1 lateral setae; exopod 3­segmented, segments 1 and 2 with 1 medial seta and 1 lateral spine; segment 3 with 5 medial setae, 1 terminal and 3 lateral spines; terminal spine about as long as exopod segment 3.
P3–P4 (Fig. 3 H–I), coxa with seta; basis without seta; endopod segments 1 and 2 with 1 medial seta each, segment 3 with 2 medial, 2 terminal and 2 lateral setae. Exopod as in P2. P3 terminal spine 0.8 times as long as exopod segment 3; P4 terminal spine 0.7 times as long as exopod segment 3.
Etymology. The specific name (from Latin mirus meaning wonderful, strange) refers to the exceptional shape of the caudal rami. It is an adjective agreeing in gender with the (masculine) generic name.
Caudacalanus vicinus sp. nov. (Figs 4–5)
Holotype. Dissected adult female (ZMH Reg. no. K–41257), body length 2.00 mm. Collected Southern Ocean, 65º00’S 43º01’W, RV Polarstern (ANDEEP II), 11 March 2002, above the seabed at 4679– 4678 m. Paratypes. Dissected adult female (ZMH Reg. no. K–41258), body length 1.85 mm. Collected Southern Ocean, 60º38’S 53º57’W, RV Polarstern (ANDEEP I), 30 January 2002, above the seabed at 2893– 2889 m; undissected adult female (ZIN Reg. no 91088), body length 1.80 mm, same collection data as for another paratype.
The holotype and 1 paratype are deposited at the Zoological Museum Hamburg, University of Hamburg (ZMH); 1 paratype is deposited at the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZIN).
Additional material. Adult female, damaged, not measured. Collected Southern Ocean, 59º40’S 57º37’W, RV Polarstern (ANDEEP I), 27 January 2002, above the seabed at 3683– 3680 m. Adult female, body length 1.80 mm. Collected south­eastern Atlantic, 17º06’S 04º41’W, FS Meteor (DIVA­1), 25 July 2000, above the seabed at 5415 m.
Description. Female: total length 1.80–2.00 mm (n=4). Prosome 1.8–2.0 times longer than urosome. Rostrum as elongated cone (Fig. 4 C). Posterior corners of prosome as short rounded lobes (Fig. 4 B). Genital double somite symmetrical (Fig. 4 D). Caudal rami asymmetrical; right ramus nearly twice as long and wide as left; both rami with 4 terminal setae; right ramus with a dorsal seta, ventral seta lacking, left ramus with a ventral seta, dorsal seta lacking (Fig. 4 A–B, D–F).
Antennule exceeding posterior border of prosome somite 3, or as long as prosome (Fig. 4 G–K), 25­segmented, armature as follows: I–1 s, II– IV–6 s + 1ae, V–2 s, VI–2 s, VII–2 s + 1ae, VIII–2 s, IX–2 s, X– XI–4 s +?, XII–1 s, XIII–2s, XIV–2s, XV–1s, XVI–2s, XVII–1s, XVIII–1s, XIX–1s, XX–1s, XXI–2s, XXII– 1s, XXIII– 1s, XXIV–2s, XXV–2s, XXVI–2s, XXVII–2s, XXVIII–3s+ 1ae.
Antenna (Fig. 5 A), coxa with 1 seta; basis with 2 setae; first endopodal segment with 2 setae, second with 7 and 6 setae (13 setae in total), endopod about 1.6 times as long as exopod; exopod 8­segmented with 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 and 3 setae, second segment complex of 3 ancestral segments with 0–0–1 setae.
Mandible (Fig. 5 B–C), gnathobase with 4 large teeth and seta; basis with 2 setae; endopod segment 1 without setae, segment 2 with 8 setae; exopod 5­segmented with 1, 1, 1, 1 and 2 setae.
Maxillule (Fig. 5 D), praecoxal arthrite with 8 terminal spines and 3 dorsal setae; coxal epipodite with 6–7 setae; coxal endite with 3 setae, of them 2 long and strongly sclerotized; proximal basal and distal basal endites reduced; endopod separate from exopod without setae, exopod with 1 seta.
Maxilla (Fig. 5 E), proximal praecoxal endite with 2 setae and small attenuation; distal praecoxal and coxal endites with 2 setae each; basis without setae; endopod 3­segmented with 1, 1 and 2 setae.
Maxilliped (Fig. 5 F), syncoxa with 2 unequal setae on distal praecoxal lobe, 1 seta curved in distal part, longer than basis plus endopod; coxal lobe with 1 seta; basis with 1 medial seta; endopod 3­segmented with 1, 1, and 2 (1 long and 1 short) setae.
P1 (Fig. 5 G), coxa without seta; basis without a medial or lateral seta; endopod 1­segmented, with 3 medial and 2 terminal setae, without lateral lobe; distal lateral corner triangular, slightly exceeding suture line between exopod segments 2 and 3; exopod segment 1 without setae, exopod segment 2 with 1 medial seta, lateral spine lacking, exopod segment 3 with 4 medial setae, 1 terminal and 1 lateral spine.
P2–P4 (Fig. 4 L–N) as in C. mirus except for P2–P3 terminal spines longer: P2 terminal spine about 1.2 times as long as exopod segment 3, P3 terminal spine about as long as exopod segment 3. P4 terminal spine 0.7 times as long as exopod segment 3.
Etymology. The specific name (from Latin vicinus meaning similar) refers to the general similarity of this species with the type species of the genus. The name is an adjective agreeing in gender with the (masculine) generic name.
Remarks. Caudacalanus vicinus differs from C. mirus in: i) smaller size (1.80–2.00 mm vs. 2.70–2.80 mm in C. mirus); ii) praecoxal arthrite of maxillule having 3 dorsal setae (2 setae in C. mirus); iii) coxal epipodite of maxillule with 6–7 setae (l seta in C. mirus); iv) coxal endite of maxillule with 3 setae (4 setae in C. mirus); v) endopod of maxillule separate from exopod and lacking any seta; exopod with 1 seta (fused to exopod and without setae in C. mirus); vi) maxilla proximal praecoxal endite with 2 setae and some attenuation (antennuation absent in C. mirus); vii) maxillipedal endopod segment 3 with 2 setae (1 seta in C. mirus); viii) P1 endopod slightly exceeding suture between exopod segments 2 and 3 (vs. endopod not reaching suture between exopod segments 2 and 3 in C. mirus), with distal lateral corner triangular (smoothly rounded in C. mirus); ix) P2 terminal spine about 1.2 times as long as exopod segment 3 (in C. mirus, terminal spine about as long as exopod segment 3); x) P3 terminal spine about as long as exopod segment 3 (in C. mirus, P3 terminal spine 0.8 times as long as exopod segment 3).
description: Published as part of Markhaseva, Elena L. & Schulz, Knud, 2008, Caudacalanus (Copepoda, Calanoida): a new benthopelagic genus from the abyss of the tropical South Atlantic and Southern Ocean *, pp. 277-289 in Zootaxa 1866 on pages 280-287, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183714