Carohamilia terrafirma Naydenov & Yakovlev & Penco 2021, comb. n.
Creators: name: Naydenov, Artem E.
name: Yakovlev, Roman V.
name: Penco, Fernando C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Cossidae
Carohamilia
Carohamilia terrafirma

description: Carohamilia terrafirma (Schaus, 1911) comb. n.
Figs. 6−8, 14, 17
Psychonoctua terrafirma Schaus, 1911: 629.
=? Psychonoctua nullifer Dyar, 1914: 349 (synonymized by Dyar (1940: 1268)).
Material examined: Type material. Holotype of Psychonoctua terrafirma Schaus, 1911, ♂: Costa Rica: Sixola Riv, Mar., Type No. 17303 U.S.N.M. USNMENT 01198216 (USNM) (Fig. 6); Holotype of Psychonoctua nullifer Dyar, 1914, ♀: Panama: Taboga Isl. [Jelz /2] August Busck, Type No. 16435 U.S.N.M., USNMENT 01198178 (USNM) (Fig. 8). — Further material. Colombia: 1 ♂, Muzo, R. Cantinero, 400 m (A. H. Fassl), NHMUK 012832454, SLIDE NHMUK 010315487 (NHMUK) (Figs 7, 14); 1 ♂, Antioquia SW of Dabeiba, 780 m, 6°59’27”N 76°16’28”W; 17−18.III.2017, V. Sinyaev (RYB); Ecuador: 3 ♂, Esmeraldes Prov., 3 km E Mompiche, 140 m, 0°29’37”N 79°59’46′”W; 25−29.I.2013, leg. Sinjaev & Dr. R. Brechlin, GenPrMWM: 37.167 (MWM); 1 ♂, Esmeraldes, San Mateo, 26.VIII.56, leg. J. Förster (ZSM).
Diagnosis. The species differs from the other species of the genus in the following characters:
- the largest species of the genus (length of the fore wing is 20−22 mm, in the other species less than 20 mm);
- the male fore wing has an expressed reticulated pattern, well developed black spot at the base and a discal spot;
- the saccular margin of the valve has two well-expressed semicircular notch.
Notes. The affiliation of Psychonoctua nullifer Dyar, 1914 with Carohamilia terrafirma (Schaus, 1911) was established by Dyar (1940: 1268) without any published argument. Basing on the present materials, we can neither confirm nor refute this taxonomic decision, so we leave the synonymy suggested by Dyar (1940) disputable.
Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador.
Examining the type specimens of Carohamilia sensu Schoorl (1990) we found significant differences in the genital structure and in the wing pattern between С. ophelia and С. lineaeplena (Figs. 1, 9, 11, 15):
- in С. lineaeplena, the fore wing pattern consists of transverse equidistant wavy lines, whereas in С. ophelia an expressed dark area is present basally on the fore wing with a dark discal spot;
- in С. lineaeplena there is a sharply constriction on the rod-like lateral processes of the juxta apically, whereas in С. ophelia only the basal part is tapered;
- in С. lineaeplena the saccus is semicircular and short, in С. ophelia the saccus is robust and very elongated;
- the phallus of С. lineaeplena is large, with a lateral cornutus on the vesica, in С. ophelia the phallus is thin and long, without cornuti.
The morphological features of С. lineaeplena indicates that this species belongs to the genus Schreiteriana (male genitalia: the reduction of the gnathos and transtilla processes, the valva of simple form, without armament, peculiar structure of the phallus, the vesica with a long ribbon-like sclerite in its lateral surface), previously redescribed (Pencо et al. 2016).) We establish a new combination − Schreiteriana lineaeplena (Dognin, 1911), comb. n. In addition, the complete external identity and the same male genital structure of S. lineaeplena and of the recently described S. urcuchillay Yakovlev, Penco & Witt, 2017, indicate that these species are synonyms. Thus, S. lineaeplena = Schreiteriana urcuchillay Yakovlev, Penco et Witt, 2017 syn. n.
description: Published as part of Naydenov, Artem E., Yakovlev, Roman V. & Penco, Fernando C., 2021, Redescription and review of the Neotropical genus Carohamilia Dyar, 1940 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae), pp. 557-563 in Zootaxa 4985 (4) on pages 561-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4985.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4964402