Psapharochrus vetustus Bates 1880
Creators: name: Casari, Sônia A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Psapharochrus
Psapharochrus vetustus

description: Psapharochrus vetustus (Bates, 1880)
(Figs. 36‒46, 75‒80)
Description of larva. Length: 19 mm. Elongate, cylindrical, flattened especially on pro- and mesothorax (Figs. 75‒77). Coloration yellowish-white; extended area of head yellowish with dorsal and ventral anterior dark-brown or brown band, forming mouth frame; black mandibles; yellowish labrum; maxillae and labium membranous with light brown areas. Prothorax with anterior bright yellow patches dorsal, lateral and ventral. Ampullae tuberculate and not spiculate; tubercles moniliform. Pubescence long, dense and whitish; setae short and ferrugineous sparse on thorax.
Head (Figs. 36, 37, 75‒77) extensible, deeply retracted into prothorax; exposed area 0.4X head length; glabrous except for lateral and anterior regions; elongate, prognathous and moderately flattened, posterior margin rounded. Head capsule somewhat oblong; median suture and endocarina almost as long as head capsule length; frontal suture distinct only in a short area behind antennal foramina. Epistomal margin slightly emarginate, strongly sclerotized, with three setae on each side, near anterior margin (lateral pair very close). Each epicranial half with three setae (one short) on mouth frame, three lateral and two ventral. One translucent stemma each side. Occipital foramen entire, with anterior margin slightly rounded. Gular suture long with two setae each side. Antennae (Figs. 38, 39) minute, retractable, with two antennomeres: basal, wider than long, with one dorsal campaniform sensillum; distal, bearing at apex one well developed membranous conical sensorial appendix, four long and three short and wide setae. Antennal foramen opened posteriorly. Clypeus trapezoidal, 3X wider than long, membranous and glabrous. Labrum (Fig. 40) transverse, oval, 1.1X wider than long, light brown at basal half, with numerous long setae on distal third. Epipharynx (Fig. 41) wide, rounded with inwardly directed long and wide setae; one sclerite each side on basal half. Mandibles (Figs. 44‒46) symmetrical, wide at mesal region; cutting edge wide, oblique and grooved innerly, with one small dorsal lobe near apex; mesal area with inclined carinae and grooves; outer face with transverse impression near middle, one longitudinal median furrow apicad and two seta near base. Maxillae (Figs. 42, 43): ventrally partially membranous; stipes with brown, inclined, transverse band near middle and long setae near band; cardines and maxillary articulating areas fused to postmentum; mala elongate, shorter than palpi with rounded apex and light brown median area; numerous long setae dorsal and ventral. Palpifer membranous anterior and laterally, with dorsal and ventral long setae near anterior margin. Maxillary palpi with three palpomeres: basal, elongate with four ventral setae near anterior margin; median, as long as wide, with three ventral and one dorsal setae near anterior margin; distal, elongate with one laterointernal short and one lateroexternal wide, long seta; peg-like sensilla at apex. Labium ventral (Fig. 42): postmentum membranous with two pairs of long setae near middle and one seta each side; prementum wider than long, narrowed at basal half; brown band on basal ⅔ and one short laterobasal seta each side; palpiger membranous with numerous setae of varied sizes; ligula wide, membranous with distal margin rounded and numerous long setae. Labial palpi with two elongate palpomeres: basal, with ventral band of long setae near anterior margin; distal, with one ventral campaniform sensillum near lateral margin and peg-like sensilla at apex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 43) with anterior margin rounded, slightly emarginate at middle; membranous with numerous long and wide setae near margins and numerous campaniform sensilla; one elongate sclerite each side on basal half.
Prothorax, wider than long, narrower anteriorly; convex dorsally and flattened ventrally; lateral pronotal furrows and alar lobes present; postnotal fold indistinct. Pronotum with moniliform tubercles on basal half or 2/3; a row of dense and long setae near anterior margin and laterally. Prothorax ventrally with eusternum distinct and tuberculate; sternellum well defined; setae longer and brighter laterally. Meso- and metathorax short, band-like; mesothorax wider than prothorax and ¼ of pronotum length; metathorax slightly longer and narrower than mesonotum. Mesothorax dorsally with weak transverse furrow with vestigial tubercles and ventrally with a transverse furrow with one row of moniliform tubercles each side; metathorax dorsally and ventrally with one transverse furrow with one row of moniliform tubercles each side; setae longer laterally. A very large elliptical lateroventral spiracle (Fig. 76) between pro- and mesothorax; spiracle protruded and located lower than other spiracles.
Abdominal segments I‒VI decreasing in width and increasing in length; segments VII and VIII cylindrical, wider and longer than remainders; segment IX slightly longer than 1/2 of segment VIII length, slightly narrowed at apex; segment X short and narrow with trilobed apex. Segments I‒VII each with one dorsal median ampulla with two transverse irregular furrows and three rows of moniliform tubercles; larger tubercles at middle of ampulla; ventral ampullae with one transverse furrow and one row of moniliform tubercles each side, tubercles more concentrated laterally. Segments I‒VIII with one elliptical lateroanterior spiracle, smaller than thoracic, decreasing in size to apex direction. One epipleural tubercle below each spiracle; each epipleural tubercle with one pair of sclerotized pits. Setae of abdomen longer laterally.
Description of pupa (Figs. 79‒80). Length: 19 mm. Coloration yellowish with small brown spines, each with one yellowish seta (sometimes darker at base) at base or near base; spines increasing in size to body apex direction.
Head partially visible dorsally, grooved longitudinal medially, forming one tubercle each base of antennal insertion, with eight pairs of spines each with one long, simple or ramified basal seta: one pair each side of clypeal area, four pairs each side of frons (three setae each side very close), one seta at base of each antennal insertion and one pair innerly each antennal insertion. Eyes glabrous. Labrum with transverse row, interrupted at middle, with ten tiny spines, each with one long basal seta. Each mandible with two lateral tiny spines each with long simple seta.
Pronotum wider than long; lateral margins prominent near middle, forming one angular lobe with one long apical spine with one seta; one smaller spine below and one above each lateral projection; a row of eight spines near anterior margin; two weak rounded tubercles near anterior third, each with six spines with one basal seta; one spine each side, below each tubercle; one pair of spines internally each hind angle. Mesonotum laterally with four spines each side, near middle. Metanotum, with two inclined convergent rows, with 6 and 8 spines, each with one basal seta. Mid and hind femora with a long blunt process near base; all femora near apex with row of spines, each with one basal seta.
Dorsally segments I‒VI with one short transverse, irregular row of spines anteriorly (except tergite I with only two spines) and a larger transverse basal row, each with one basal seta; rows interrupted at middle; segment VII longer with spines at middle, each with one basal seta; segment VIII with four pairs of spines dorsal and one pair each side, each with one basal seta. Segment IX band-like and narrow, with one pair of dorsal spines near middle and three well developed spines each side, each with one basal seta. Segment X ventral and elliptical, grooved at middle. Segments I‒VI with lateral elliptical spiracle; segment VII‒VIII with vestigial spiracle. Ventral region of abdomen glabrous.
Material examined. BRAZIL. São Paulo: Guapiara (Fazenda Intervales) 22-26.III.1993, Exp. MZUSP col, 1 larva reared to adult (head of last larval and pupal exuviae); Idem (Barra Grande), 11.XI.1992, 1 larva fixed, 1 larva reared to adult (last larval and pupal exuviae) (MZSP 8718); Parelheiros, X.1974, V.N. Alin col., 1 pupa fixed (MZ10246).
Remarks. The larva of P. v et us t u s presents pubescence long; distal antennomere with 7 setae (4 longer); labrum longer than other species (1.1X longer than wide); mandible with outer face with transverse impression near middle, continuing with one longitudinal median furrow apicad; and postmentum with 3 pairs of setae.
The pupa presents lateral margins of pronotum prominent near middle, forming one angular lobe with one long apical spine with one seta; spines well developed, larger than in P. cy l i n dr i c us.
description: Published as part of Casari, Sônia A., 2016, Morphology of Immatures of Acanthoderini (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) in Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/257278