cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Intersections of binary quadratic forms in primes and the paucity phenomenon
Creators: name: Sedunova, Alisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The number of solutions to $a^2+b^2=c^2+d^2 \le x$ in integers is a well-known result, while if one restricts all the variables to primes Erdos showed that only the diagonal solutions, namely, the ones with $\{a,b\}=\{c,d\}$ contribute to the main term, hence there is a paucity of the off-diagonal solutions. Daniel considered the case of $a,c$ being prime and proved that the main term has both the diagonal and the non-diagonal contributions. Here we investigate the remaining cases, namely when only $c$ is a prime and when both c,d are primes and, finally, when $b,c,d$ are primes by combining techniques of Daniel, Hooley and Plaksin.
description: Accepted for a publication in J. Number Theory
Implementation of SNS thermometers into molecular devices for cryogenic thermoelectric experiments
Creators: name: Volosheniuk, Serhii
name: Bouwmeester, Damian
name: Hsu, Chunwei
name: van der Zant, H. S. J.
name: Gehring, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermocurrent flowing through a single-molecule device contains valuable information about the quantum properties of the molecular structure and, in particular, on its electronic and phononic excitation spectra, and entropy. Furthermore, accessing the thermoelectric heat-to-charge conversion efficiency experimentally can help to select suitable molecules for future energy conversion devices, which - predicted by theoretical studies - could reach unprecedented efficiencies. However, one of the major challenges in quantifying thermocurrents in nanoscale devices is to determine the exact temperature bias applied to the junction. In this work, we have incorporated a superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junction thermometer into a single-molecule device. The critical current of the Josephson junction depends accurately on minute changes of the electronic temperature in a wide temperature range from 100 mK to 1.6 K. Thus, we present a device architecture which can enable thermoelectric experiments on single molecules down to millikelvin temperatures with high precision.
title: 3-compartment wrist arthrogram: What radiologists should know
Creators: name: Wong, Jenn Shiunn
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Extremities
subject: MR
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Arthrography
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To outline the standard procedure of 3-compartment wrist arthrogram. To review the normal fluoroscopic and MRI findings. To depict examples of injuries, including scapholunate tear, TFCC tear, non-communicating TFC tear, unidirectional...
Error Bounds for Variational Quantum Time Evolution
Creators: name: Zoufal, Christa
name: Sutter, David
name: Woerner, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum time evolution allows us to simulate the time dynamics of quantum systems with near-term compatible quantum circuits. Due to the variational nature of this method the accuracy of the simulation is a priori unknown. We derive global phase agnostic error bounds for the state simulation accuracy with variational quantum time evolution that improve the tightness of fidelity estimates over existing error bounds. These analysis tools are practically crucial for assessing the quality of the simulation and making informed choices about simulation hyper-parameters. The efficient, a posteriori evaluation of the bounds can be tightly integrated with the variational time simulation and, hence, results in a minor resource overhead which is governed by the system's energy variance. The performance of the novel error bounds is demonstrated on numerical examples.
title: La crisis del patriarcalismo en el pensamiento español contemporáneo
Creators: name: Nogueroles, Marta
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2012

description: Questo contributo prova a mostrare il cambiamento di mentalità che è stato prodotto in filosofia nei riguardi delle donne a partire dalla metà del ventesimo secolo. I quattro autori che sono stati scelti a supporto delle tesi sono Jesús Mosterín, Fernando Savater, Agustín García Calvo e Salvador Pániker.

description: B@belonline vol. 13 Chaos/Kosmos
title: Surreptitious Sacral Lesions
Creators: name: Ghany, Jehan
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Pathology
subject: Abscess
subject: Biopsy
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: 1.Provide the reader with examples of uncommon primary lesions at the sacrum. 2. Provide the reader with examples of common pathologies that may involve the sacrum that originate from other adjacent anatomical structures. 3. Prompt the reader to...
Inverse Regression Estimation for Censored Data
Creators: name: Nadkarni, Nivedita V.
name: Kosorok, Michael R.
name: Zhao, Yingqi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: An inverse regression methodology for assessing predictor performance in the censored data setup is developed along with inference procedures and a computational algorithm. The technique developed here allows for conditioning on the unobserved failure time along with a weighting mechanism that accounts for the censoring. The implementation is nonparametric and computationally fast. This provides an efficient methodological tool that can be used especially in cases where the usual modeling assumptions are not applicable to the data under consideration. It can also be a good diagnostic tool that can be used in the model selection process. We have provided theoretical justification of consistency and asymptotic normality of the methodology. Simulation studies and two data analyses are provided to illustrate the practical utility of the procedure.
Symplectic structures related with higher order variational problems
Creators: name: Kijowski, Jerzy
name: Moreno, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53B50, 53C80, 70S05, 58A20, 35A99, 53D20, 53D05

description: In this paper we derive the symplectic framework for field theories defined by higher-order Lagrangians. The construction is based on the symplectic reduction of suitable spaces of iterated jets. The possibility of reducing a higher-order system of PDEs to a constrained first-order one, the symplectic structures naturally arising in the dynamics of a first-order Lagrangian theory, and the importance of the Poincaré-Cartan form for variational problems, are all well-established facts. However, their adequate combination corresponding to higher-order theories is missing in the literature. Here we obtain a consistent and truly finite-dimensional canonical formalism, as well as a higher-order version of the Poincaré-Cartan form. In our exposition, the rigorous global proofs of the main results are always accompanied by their local coordinate descriptions, indispensable to work out practical examples.
description: 41 pages, updated references, comments are welcome
Ordinamento sportivo e ordinamento statale: profili evolutivi e comparati
Creators: name: Palmisano, Andrea
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: IUS/02 DIRITTO PRIVATO COMPARATO
subject: Giustizia sportiva

description: 2017 - 2018
description: Non si dirà certamente nulla di nuovo nell’ammettere che, nel coacervo di interessi e situazioni giuridiche soggettive che vengono in rilievo nella complessa dinamica dei rapporti tra ordinamento statale e sportivo, il sistema di amministrazione della giustizia riveste una posizione di primaria importanza al fine di far luce sulla vexata quaestio circa l’esistenza di una “area riservata”, fondata su clausole di autoamministrazione e di autodichia, entro la quale opera la governance dello Sport in Italia. La tensione verso l’autonomia nel componimento in via giustiziale delle questioni originatesi in ambito endoassociativo da parte degli organi di giustizia sportiva, oltre che essere ormai materia risalente – basti pensare alla prima edizione della monografia “La giustizia sportiva” del Professor Francesco Paolo Luiso nel 1975 –, può, infatti, essere utilizzata come angolo di visuale privilegiato da cui osservare, nel pluralismo delle autonomie, le effettive interazioni tra l’amministrazione statale e quella sportiva. In altri termini, giustizia statale e giustizia sportiva, grazie al suo iter evolutivo, si pongono ormai in un rapporto parallelo e di complementarietà e mai di sovrapposizione ovvero, salvo quanto si dirà nelle conclusioni circa un recente révirement del T.A.R. in punto di sanzioni disciplinari, di conflitto. Orbene, al fine di evidenziare i profili evolutivi e comparati nell’ultima parte della trattazione, dei rapporti tra ordinamento sportivo e statale, il presente studio si articolerà in quattro capitoli. Il capitolo introduttivo, il cui titolo non è di certo frutto di una fervida immaginazione, vista la copiosa letteratura a proposito di “autonomia dell’ordinamento giuridico sportivo”, prende le mosse da spunti forniti dal diritto costituzionale, civile ed amministrativo. Si tenterà, pertanto, di dimostrare come, nella pluralità di ordinamenti giuridici settoriali esistenti nel diritto nazionale, l’organizzazione sportiva assume i connotati di un apparato amministrativo settoriale ed autonomo, in cui operano legislatori, amministratori e utenti dello Sport. Particolare attenzione, sarà altresì dedicata anche al diritto internazionale, atteso che, citando le parole spese nella nota sentenza n. 49 del 2011 della Corte Costituzionale – di cui si darà cenno rinviandone l’analisi nel capitolo secondo – , l’ordinamento sportivo è un ordinamento autonomo che «costituisce l’articolazione italiana di un più ampio ordinamento autonomo avente una dimensione internazionale e che esso risponde ad una struttura organizzativa extrastatale riconosciuta dall’ordinamento della Repubblica». ... [edited by Author]
title: Evaluation of Achilles Tendon (AT) Stiffness: Comparison between Shearwave elastography and MyotonPro in Healthy AT
Creators: name: Lee, Sally
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Elastography
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Observer performance
subject: Equipment
subject: Patterns of Care

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Structural changes in the Achilles tendon (AT)can occur with chronic pain and injury. These changes may lead to altered stiffness of the tendon and increased risk of injury 1 . Clinical assessment of the mechanical stiffness of the ATis subjective...
Effects of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) on the Dynamic Viscosity of Methane Hydrate Systems at High-Pressure Driving Forces: Investigation of Concentration, Molecular Weight, and Shear Rate
Creators: name: Du, Chong Yang
name: Guerra, André
name: McElligott, Adam
name: Marić, Milan
name: Rey, Alejandro D.
name: Servio, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The viscosity of methane hydrate slurries with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) at 700 and 7000 ppm by weight, molecular weights of 40,000 (PVP40) and 360,000 (PVP360) Da, and shear rates of 400 and 80 1/s, were measured in a high-pressure rheometer with pressures up to 30 MPag and compared to pure water systems. The additives successfully reduced the formation of high-viscosity slurries, but at low concentrations were incapable of delaying hydrate agglomeration at the late growth stage. The average relative time required for PVP40 solutions at 700 ppm to grow to 50 mPa.s was 1.9 times the water reference value, but only 1.2 times to reach 200 mPa.s. Improved inhibition was observed for the higher concentration and higher molecular weight sets, where the relative time to reach 50 mPa.s were 8.2 and 2.6 times the water reference value, respectively. While the additives demonstrated anti-nucleation properties and suppressed crystal growth initially, they accelerated the hydrate clusters agglomeration rate, and potentially weakened the hydrate mechanical properties.
Linear or Nonlinear? Automatic Structure Discovery for Partially Linear Models
Creators: name: Liu, Yufeng
name: Cheng, Guang
name: Zhang, Hao Helen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Partially linear models provide a useful class of tools for modeling complex data by naturally incorporating a combination of linear and nonlinear effects within one framework. One key question in partially linear models is the choice of model structure, that is, how to decide which covariates are linear and which are nonlinear. This is a fundamental, yet largely unsolved problem for partially linear models. In practice, one often assumes that the model structure is given or known and then makes estimation and inference based on that structure. Alternatively, there are two methods in common use for tackling the problem: hypotheses testing and visual screening based on the marginal fits. Both methods are quite useful in practice but have their drawbacks. First, it is difficult to construct a powerful procedure for testing multiple hypotheses of linear against nonlinear fits. Second, the screening procedure based on the scatterplots of individual covariate fits may provide an educated guess on the regression function form, but the procedure is ad hoc and lacks theoretical justifications. In this article, we propose a new approach to structure selection for partially linear models, called the LAND (Linear And Nonlinear Discoverer). The procedure is developed in an elegant mathematical framework and possesses desired theoretical and computational properties. Under certain regularity conditions, we show that the LAND estimator is able to identify the underlying true model structure correctly and at the same time estimate the multivariate regression function consistently. The convergence rate of the new estimator is established as well. We further propose an iterative algorithm to implement the procedure and illustrate its performance by simulated and real examples. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Probability Thermodynamics and Probability Quantum Field
Creators: name: Zhang, Ping
name: Li, Wen-Du
name: Liu, Tong
name: Dai, Wu-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce probability thermodynamics and probability quantum fields. By probability we mean that there is an unknown operator, physical or nonphysical, whose eigenvalues obey a certain statistical distribution. Eigenvalue spectra define spectral functions. Various thermodynamic quantities in thermodynamics and effective actions in quantum field theory are all spectral functions. In the scheme, eigenvalues obey a probability distribution, so a probability distribution determines a family of spectral functions in thermodynamics and quantum field theory. This leads to probability thermodynamics and probability quantum fields determined by a probability distribution. In constructing spectral functions, we encounter a problem. The conventional definition of spectral functions applies only to lower bounded spectra. In our scheme, however, there are two types of spectra: lower bounded spectra, corresponding to the probability distribution with nonnegative random variables, and the lower unbounded spectra, corresponding to probability distributions with negative random variables. To take the lower unbounded spectra into account, we generalize the definition of spectral functions by analytical continuation. In some cases, we encounter divergences. We remove the divergence by a renormalization procedure. Moreover, in virtue of spectral theory in physics, we generalize some concepts in probability theory. For example, the moment-generating function in probability theory does not always exist. We redefine the moment-generating function as the generalized heat kernel introduced in this paper, which makes the concept definable when the definition in probability theory fails. Thermodynamic quantities, vacuum amplitudes, one-loop effective actions, and vacuum energies for various probability distributions are presented.
Ambiguities of the CPT-even aether-like Lorentz-breaking term at the finite temperature
Creators: name: Mariz, T.
name: Nascimento, J. R.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
name: Serafim, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the finite temperature behaviour of the CPT-even aether-like Lorentz-breaking term in the extended Lorentz-breaking QED and demonstrate that its ambiguities whose presence has been shown earlier in the zero temperature case stay also at the finite temperature.
description: 21 pages
Randomization-Based Inference Within Principal Strata
Creators: name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Nolen, Tracy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In randomized studies, treatment comparisons conditional on intermediate post-randomization outcomes using standard analytic methods do not have a causal interpretation. An alternate approach entails treatment comparisons within principal strata defined by the potential outcomes for the intermediate outcome that would be observed under each treatment assignment. In this paper, we develop methods for randomization-based inference within principal strata. The proposed methods are compared with existing large-sample methods as well as traditional intent-to-treat approaches. This research is motivated by HIV prevention studies where few infections are expected and inference is desired within the always-infected principal stratum, i.e., all individuals who would become infected regardless of randomization assignment.
Convergence properties of optimal transport-based temporal networks
Creators: name: Baptista, Diego
name: De Bacco, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study network properties of networks evolving in time based on optimal transport principles. These evolve from a structure covering uniformly a continuous space towards an optimal design in terms of optimal transport theory. At convergence, the networks should optimize the way resources are transported through it. As the network structure shapes in time towards optimality, its topological properties also change with it. The question is how do these change as we reach optimality. We study the behavior of various network properties on a number of network sequences evolving towards optimal design and find that the transport cost function converges earlier than network properties and that these monotonically decrease. This suggests a mechanism for designing optimal networks by compressing dense structures. We find a similar behavior in networks extracted from real images of the networks designed by the body shape of a slime mold evolving in time.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Reversal-mechanism of in-plane current induced perpendicular switching in a single ferromagnetic layer
Creators: name: Bi, Chong
name: Liu, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a magnetization reversal model to explain the perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by an in-plane current. Contrary to previously proposed reversal mechanisms that such magnetic switching is directly from the Rashba or spin Hall effects, we suggest that this type of switching arises from the current-induced chirality dependent domain wall motion. By measuring the field dependent switching behaviors, we show that such switching can also be achieved between any two multidomain states, and all of these switching behaviors can be well explained by this model. This model indicates that the spin Hall angle in such structures may be overestimated and also predicts similar switching behaviors in other ferromagnetic structures with chiral domain walls or skyrmions.
title: Review of Iliopsoas tendon anatomy and pathology
Creators: name: Cardenal Urdampilleta, Jaime
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Athletic injuries
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Trauma
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Anatomy

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: The iliopsoas muscle is one of the main flexor muscles of the hip and plays a very important role in the static of the spine. In this poster we will study the following issues: - We will describe the anatomy and function of the iliopsoas tendon. -...
Timing jitter in passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers
Creators: name: Pimenov, A.
name: Habruseva, T.
name: Rachinskii, D.
name: Hegarty, S. P.
name: Huyet, G.
name: Vladimirov, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37N20, 65P30, 78A60

description: We study the effect of noise on the dynamics of passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers both experimentally and theoretically. A method combining analytical and numerical approaches for estimation of pulse timing jitter is proposed. We investigate how the presence of dynamical features such as wavelength bistability affects timing jitter.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Evaluating the Effect of Early Versus Late ARV Regimen Change if Failure on an Initial Regimen: Results From the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5095
Creators: name: Li, Li
name: Ribaudo, Heather
name: Johnson, Brent A.
name: Gulick, Roy M.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The current goal of initial antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is suppression of plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA levels to below 200 copies per milliliter. A proportion of HIV-infected patients who initiate antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice or antiretroviral clinical trials either fail to suppress HIV-1 RNA or have HIV-1 RNA levels rebound on therapy. Frequently, these patients have sustained CD4 cell counts responses and limited or no clinical symptoms and, therefore, have potentially limited indications for altering therapy which they may be tolerating well despite increased viral replication. On the other hand, increased viral replication on therapy leads to selection of resistance mutations to the antiretroviral agents comprising their therapy and potentially cross-resistance to other agents in the same class decreasing the likelihood of response to subsequent antiretroviral therapy. The optimal time to switch antiretroviral therapy to ensure sustained virologic suppression and prevent clinical events in patients who have rebound in their HIV-1 RNA, yet are stable, is not known. Randomized clinical trials to compare early versus delayed switching have been difficult to design and more difficult to enroll. In some clinical trials, such as the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study A5095, patients randomized to initial antiretroviral treatment combinations, who fail to suppress HIV-1 RNA or have a rebound of HIV-1 RNA on therapy are allowed to switch from the initial ARV regimen to a new regimen, based on clinician and patient decisions. We delineate a statistical framework to estimate the effect of early versus late regimen change using data from ACTG A5095 in the context of two-stage designs.
title: Normal and abnormal MR imaging findings in the intrinsic muscles of the hand
Creators: name: Kislinger, Benedikt
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Extremities

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To describe the normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. To review normal anatomy and function of the intrinsic muscles of the hand including the lumbrical, interosseous, thenar and hypothenar muscles....
Intrinsic Regression Models for Medial Representation of Subcortical Structures
Creators: name: Lieberman, Jeffrey
name: Styner, Martin
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Liang, Faming
name: Shi, Xiaoyan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The aim of this paper is to develop a semiparametric model for describing the variability of the medial representation of subcortical structures, which belongs to a Riemannian manifold, and establishing its association with covariates of interest, such as diagnostic status, age and gender. We develop a two-stage estimation procedure to calculate the parameter estimates. The first stage is to calculate an intrinsic least squares estimator of the parameter vector using the annealing evolutionary stochastic approximation Monte Carlo algorithm and then the second stage is to construct a set of estimating equations to obtain a more efficient estimate with the intrinsic least squares estimate as the starting point. We use Wald statistics to test linear hypotheses of unknown parameters and establish their limiting distributions. Simulation studies are used to evaluate the accuracy of our parameter estimates and the finite sample performance of the Wald statistics. We apply our methods to the detection of the difference in the morphological changes of the left and right hippocampi between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using medial shape description.
Automated Real-Time Classification and Decision Making in Massive Data Streams from Synoptic Sky Surveys
Creators: name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Mahabal, A. A.
name: Donalek, C.
name: Graham, M. J.
name: Drake, A. J.
name: Turmon, M.
name: Fuchs, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of scientific and technological data collection is evolving rapidly: data volumes and rates grow exponentially, with increasing complexity and information content, and there has been a transition from static data sets to data streams that must be analyzed in real time. Interesting or anomalous phenomena must be quickly characterized and followed up with additional measurements via optimal deployment of limited assets. Modern astronomy presents a variety of such phenomena in the form of transient events in digital synoptic sky surveys, including cosmic explosions (supernovae, gamma ray bursts), relativistic phenomena (black hole formation, jets), potentially hazardous asteroids, etc. We have been developing a set of machine learning tools to detect, classify and plan a response to transient events for astronomy applications, using the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) as a scientific and methodological testbed. The ability to respond rapidly to the potentially most interesting events is a key bottleneck that limits the scientific returns from the current and anticipated synoptic sky surveys. Similar challenge arise in other contexts, from environmental monitoring using sensor networks to autonomous spacecraft systems. Given the exponential growth of data rates, and the time-critical response, we need a fully automated and robust approach. We describe the results obtained to date, and the possible future developments.
description: 8 pages, IEEE conference format, to appear in the refereed proceedings of the IEEE e-Science 2014 conf., eds. C. Medeiros et al., IEEE, in press (2014). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1209.1681, arXiv:1110.4655
Interfacial Effects during Phase Change in Multiple Levitated Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate Droplets
Creators: name: McElligott, Adam
name: Guerra, André
name: Denoncourt, Alexia
name: Rey, Alejandro D.
name: Servio, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, using direct digital and infrared imaging techniques, the freezing of up to three simultaneous THF hydrate droplets was investigated for the first time. Nucleation was initiated at the aqueous solution-air interface. Two pseudo-heterogeneous mechanisms created additional nucleation interfaces: one from cavitation effects entraining microbubbles and another from subvisible ice particles, also called hydrate nucleating particles (HNPs), impacting the droplet surface. For systems containing droplets in both the second and third positions, nucleation was statistically simultaneous between all droplets. This effect may have been caused by the high liquid-solid interfacial pressures that developed at nucleation, causing some cracking in the initial hydrate shell around the droplet and releasing additional HNPs (now of hydrate) into the air. During crystallization, the THF hydrate droplets developed a completely white opacity, termed optical clarity loss or OCL. It was suggested that high hydrate growth rates within the droplet resulted in the capture of tiny air bubbles within the solid phase. In turn, light refraction through many smaller bubbles resulted in the OCL. These bubbles created structural inhomogeneities, which may explain how the volumetric expansion of the droplets upon complete solidification was 23.6% compared with 7.4% in pure, stationary THF hydrate systems. Finally, the thermal gradient that developed between the top and bottom of the droplet during melting resulted in a surface tension gradient along the air-liquid interface. In turn, convective cells developed within the droplet, causing it to spin rapidly about the horizontal axis.
Measuring social inequality with quantitative methodology: analytical estimates and empirical data analysis by Gini and $k$ indices
Creators: name: Inoue, Jun-ichi
name: Ghosh, Asim
name: Chatterjee, Arnab
name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social inequality manifested across different strata of human existence can be quantified in several ways. Here we compute non-entropic measures of inequality such as Lorenz curve, Gini index and the recently introduced $k$ index analytically from known distribution functions. We characterize the distribution functions of different quantities such as votes, journal citations, city size, etc. with suitable fits, compute their inequality measures and compare with the analytical results. A single analytic function is often not sufficient to fit the entire range of the probability distribution of the empirical data, and fit better to two distinct functions with a single crossover point. Here we provide general formulas to calculate these inequality measures for the above cases. We attempt to specify the crossover point by minimizing the gap between empirical and analytical evaluations of measures. Regarding the $k$ index as an `extra dimension', both the lower and upper bounds of the Gini index are obtained as a function of the $k$ index. This type of inequality relations among inequality indices might help us to check the validity of empirical and analytical evaluations of those indices.
description: 22 pages, 7 figs, 2 tables
title: Can MRI play a role in the diagnosis of psoas syndrome?
Creators: name: Tempesta, Valerio
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Motility
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal spine

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Psoas syndrome (PS) diagnosis is essentially based on symptoms and clinical findings and frequently missed. Frequently PS is due to a muscular dysfunction, but also morpho-physiological changes are possible (e.g.: short and/or tight psoas). Other...
Recursively Imputed Survival Trees
Creators: name: Kosorok, Michael R.
name: Zhu, Ruoqing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We propose recursively imputed survival tree (RIST) regression for right-censored data. This new nonparametric regression procedure uses a novel recursive imputation approach combined with extremely randomized trees that allows significantly better use of censored data than previous tree based methods, yielding improved model fit and reduced prediction error. The proposed method can also be viewed as a type of Monte Carlo EM algorithm which generates extra diversity in the tree-based fitting process. Simulation studies and data analyses demonstrate the superior performance of RIST compared to previous methods.
title: Lesions of the talus: An educational pictorial review
Creators: name: Murphy, Jennifer
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: We aim to describe our experience in the evaluation of talar lesions as a tertiary referral centre for orthopaedic oncology. A series of tumours and tumour-like lesions are encountered in the talus. This pictorial review provides a diagnostic...
title: A complete audit cycle of inpatient MRI waiting times for suspected occult femoral neck fracture
Creators: name: Wong, Jenn Shiunn
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: MR
subject: Trauma
subject: Pelvis
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Trauma

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Background The majority of femoral neck fractures arereadily diagnosed on dedicated plain radiographs. However, around 3-4% of hip fractures can be occult,(1,2) resulting in a delayed diagnosis which can significantly increase morbidity and...
Identities on the k-ary Lyndon words related to a family of zeta functions
Creators: name: Kucukoglu, Irem
name: Simsek, Yilmaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03D40, 05A05, 05A15, 11A25, 11B68, 11B83, 11F22, 11S40, 11M99, 68R15, 94B40

description: The main aim of this paper is to investigate and introduce relations between the numbers of k-ary Lyndon words and unified zeta-type functions which was defined by Ozden et al [15, p. 2785]. Finally, we give some identities on generating functions for the numbers of k-ary Lyndon words and some special numbers and polynomials such as the Apostol-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, Frobenius-Euler numbers, Euler numbers and Bernoulli numbers.
description: 9 pages
On r-dynamic Coloring of Grids
Creators: name: Kang, Ross
name: Muller, Tobias
name: West, Douglas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An \textit{$r$-dynamic $k$-coloring} of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring of $G$ such that every vertex in $V(G)$ has neighbors in at least $\min\{d(v),r\}$ different color classes. The \textit{$r$-dynamic chromatic number} of a graph $G$, written $χ_r(G)$, is the least $k$ such that $G$ has such a coloring. Proving a conjecture of Jahanbekam, Kim, O, and West, we show that the $m$-by-$n$ grid has no $3$-dynamic $4$-coloring when $mn\equiv2\mod 4$. This completes the determination of the $r$-dynamic chromatic number of the $m$-by-$n$ grid for all $r,m,n$.
The Weingarten Calculus
Creators: name: Collins, Benoit
name: Matsumoto, Sho
name: Novak, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28C10, 15B52

description: This is a short introduction to Weingarten Calculus. Weingarten Calculus is a method to compute the joint moments of matrix variables distributed according to the Haar measure of compact groups.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
title: Rare Presacral Masses
Creators: name: Mohan, P Chandra
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To raise awareness of the various clinical presentation of uncommon presacral masses. To illustrate and discuss the multimodality imaging findings of the presacral space masses, which overlaps several imaging disciplines. To highlight biopsy...
Combinatorial applications of the special numbers and polynomials
Creators: name: Simsek, Yilmaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, by using some families of special numbers and polynomials with their generating functions, we give various properties of these numbers and polynomials. These numbers are related to the well-known numbers and polynomials, which are the Euler numbers, the Stirling numbers of the second kind, the central factorial numbers and the array polynomials. We also discuss some combinatorial interpretations of these numbers related to the rook polynomials and numbers. Furthermore, we give computation formulas for these numbers and polynomials.
description: 6
Auxiliary Marker-Assisted Classification in the Absence of Class Identifiers
Creators: name: Wang, Yuanjia
name: Duan, Naihua
name: Mauro, Christine
name: Shear, M. Katherine
name: Zeng, Donglin
name: Chen, Huaihou
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Constructing classification rules for accurate diagnosis of a disorder is an important goal in medical practice. In many clinical applications, there is no clinically significant anatomical or physiological deviation exists to identify the gold standard disease status to inform development of classification algorithms. Despite absence of perfect disease class identifiers, there are usually one or more disease-informative auxiliary markers along with feature variables comprising known symptoms. Existing statistical learning approaches do not effectively draw information from auxiliary prognostic markers. We propose a large margin classification method, with particular emphasis on the support vector machine (SVM), assisted by available informative markers in order to classify disease without knowing a subject’s true disease status. We view this task as statistical learning in the presence of missing data, and introduce a pseudo-EM algorithm to the classification. A major distinction with a regular EM algorithm is that we do not model the distribution of missing data given the observed feature variables either parametrically or semiparametrically. We also propose a sparse variable selection method embedded in the pseudo-EM algorithm. Theoretical examination shows that the proposed classification rule is Fisher consistent, and that under a linear rule, the proposed selection has an oracle variable selection property and the estimated coefficients are asymptotically normal. We apply the methods to build decision rules for including subjects in clinical trials of a new psychiatric disorder and present four applications to data available at the UCI Machine Learning Repository.
Latent Supervised Learning
Creators: name: Kosorok, Michael R.
name: Wei, Susan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A new machine learning task is introduced, called latent supervised learning, where the goal is to learn a binary classifier from continuous training labels which serve as surrogates for the unobserved class labels. A specific model is investigated where the surrogate variable arises from a two-component Gaussian mixture with unknown means and variances, and the component membership is determined by a hyperplane in the covariate space. The estimation of the separating hyperplane and the Gaussian mixture parameters forms what shall be referred to as the change-line classification problem. A data-driven sieve maximum likelihood estimator for the hyperplane is proposed, which in turn can be used to estimate the parameters of the Gaussian mixture. The estimator is shown to be consistent. Simulations as well as empirical data show the estimator has high classification accuracy.
Mehrsprachige Gesundheitsversorgung : Sprachliche Aspekte der professionellen Identität von «international doctors»
Creators: name: Hohenstein, Christiane
name: Lévy-Tödter, Magdalène
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medical communication
Multilingual health communication
International doctors
Professional identity
302: Soziale Interaktion
610: Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Ärztemangel führte in Deutschland und der Schweiz zu internationalen Rekrutierungen und Ärztemigration. Seit 2012 haben in der Schweiz jährlich mehr als 50% der neu akkreditierten Fachärzte ihr Diplom und ihre postgraduale Spezialisierung im Ausland erworben. Berichte über Kommunikationsprobleme (z. B. fremder Akzent, fehlender spezifischer Wortschatz, fehlende sprachliche Handlungsmuster) führten in der Schweiz u. a. zu politischen Massnahmen, um die Zahl der im Inland ausgebildeten Medizinerinnen und Mediziner zu erhöhen. Eine kritische Neubewertung auch der ethischen Aspekte von Ärztemigration steht noch am Anfang. Nicht beforscht wurde bislang, welche Auswirkungen sie auf das professionelle Selbstbild von Ärzten und Ärztinnen hat. Welche Rolle spielen Sprache und sprachliche Reflexion bei der Anpassung einer "mehrsprachigen beruflichen Identität"?
Ärztinnen und Ärzte, Psychologen und Therapeutinnen, die in einem Land praktizieren, das nicht ihr Herkunftsland ist, in dem sie als „Ausländer“ oder als Mensch mit Migrationshintergrund angesehen werden, und die in der Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation bzw. der Therapeuten-Klienten-Kommunikation entweder die Sprache des Patienten/ der Klientin als L2 oder eine gemeinsame Lingua Franca (z. B. Englisch) verwenden, können als ‚international doctors’ bezeichnet werden. Sie treten als ausgebildete medizinische Fachleute in eine neue Sprachgemeinschaft und Gesellschaft ein und haben fortan ein allophones oder mehrsprachiges Arbeitsumfeld, in dem eine andere Sprache als ihre L1 Arbeits- und Amtssprache ist. Da die Entwicklung einer "beruflichen Identität" als Teil des Ausbildungsprozesses zum Arzt angesehen wird, stellt sich die Frage, welche Veränderungen des ‚professional self’ diese grosse Gruppe von “international doctors” durch das Arbeiten in einer L2 erfährt.
Die qualitative Studie basiert auf Interviews mit Ärztinnen und Ärzten, Psychologinnen und Therapeuten, die in Deutschland und der deutschsprachigen Schweiz mehrsprachig bzw. in einer L2 arbeiten. Komplementierend wurden einige Audioaufnahmen von Patienten- bzw. Klienten-Gesprächen der Interviewten erhoben. Die Daten eröffnen Einblicke in die professionelle Interaktion in einem mehrsprachigen Gesundheitssystem ohne die Hilfe von Dolmetschenden.
Sensitivity Analysis of Per-Protocol Time-to-Event Treatment Efficacy in Randomized Clinical Trials
Creators: name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Shepherd, Bryan E.
name: Gilbert, Peter B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Assessing per-protocol treatment effcacy on a time-to-event endpoint is a common objective of randomized clinical trials. The typical analysis uses the same method employed for the intention-to-treat analysis (e.g., standard survival analysis) applied to the subgroup meeting protocol adherence criteria. However, due to potential post-randomization selection bias, this analysis may mislead about treatment efficacy. Moreover, while there is extensive literature on methods for assessing causal treatment effects in compliers, these methods do not apply to a common class of trials where a) the primary objective compares survival curves, b) it is inconceivable to assign participants to be adherent and event-free before adherence is measured, and c) the exclusion restriction assumption fails to hold. HIV vaccine efficacy trials including the recent RV144 trial exemplify this class, because many primary endpoints (e.g., HIV infections) occur before adherence is measured, and nonadherent subjects who receive some of the planned immunizations may be partially protected. Therefore, we develop methods for assessing per-protocol treatment efficacy for this problem class, considering three causal estimands of interest. Because these estimands are not identifiable from the observable data, we develop nonparametric bounds and semiparametric sensitivity analysis methods that yield estimated ignorance and uncertainty intervals. The methods are applied to RV144.