cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimal stopping under probability distortion
Creators: name: Xu, Zuo Quan
name: Zhou, Xun Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We formulate an optimal stopping problem for a geometric Brownian motion where the probability scale is distorted by a general nonlinear function. The problem is inherently time inconsistent due to the Choquet integration involved. We develop a new approach, based on a reformulation of the problem where one optimally chooses the probability distribution or quantile function of the stopped state. An optimal stopping time can then be recovered from the obtained distribution/quantile function, either in a straightforward way for several important cases or in general via the Skorokhod embedding. This approach enables us to solve the problem in a fairly general manner with different shapes of the payoff and probability distortion functions. We also discuss economical interpretations of the results. In particular, we justify several liquidation strategies widely adopted in stock trading, including those of "buy and hold", "cut loss or take profit", "cut loss and let profit run" and "sell on a percentage of historical high".
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AAP838 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The synthesis of the heterocubane cluster [{CpMn}₄(µ₃-P)₄] as a tetrahedral shaped starting material for the formation of polymeric coordination compounds
Creators: name: Heinl, Sebastian
name: Kiefer, Konrad
name: Balázs, Gábor
name: Wickleder, Claudia
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Thermolysis of [CpMn(η⁶-cht)] with P₄ in 1,3-diisopropylbenzene leads to the formation of the heterocubane [Cp₄Mn₄P₄] (1) in high yields, as a rare example of ‘naked’ phosphorus containing complexes of manganese. Compound 1 is characterized and studied by DFT calculations and reflection measurements. 1D coordination polymers [{(CpMn)₄(μ₃-P)₄}(CuX)]n (2-Cl: X = Cl; 2-Br: X = Br) are obtained in the reaction with CuX. Furthermore, it is shown that all four P atoms in 1 can be addressed for a coordination towards cymantrene resulting in [{(CpMn)₄(μ₃-P)₄}{CpMn(CO)₂}n] (3a: n = 1; 3b: n = 2; 3c: n = 3; 3d: n = 4), and shows that 1 is a tetra-topic building block in coordination chemistry.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Multiscale periodicities in aerosol optical depth over India
Creators: name: Ramachandran, S.
name: Ghosh, Sayantan
name: Verma, Amit
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aerosols exhibit periodic or cyclic variations depending on natural and anthropogenic sources over a region, which can get modulated by synoptic meteorological parameters such as winds, rainfall and relative humidity, and long-range transport. Information on periodicity and phase in aerosol properties assumes significance in prediction as well as to examine the radiative and climate effects of aerosols including its association with changes in cloud properties and rainfall. Periodicity in aerosol optical depth, which is a columnar measure of aerosol distribution, is determined using continuous wavelet transform over 35 locations in India. Continuous wavelet transform is used in the study because it is better suited to extract the periodic and local modulations present at various frequency ranges, as these features are invisible in conventional methods such as Fourier Transform. Monthly mean aerosol optical depths (AODs) from MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Terra satellite from January 2001 to December 2012 are used. Annual and quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO) in AOD are evident in addition to the weak semi-annual and quasi-triennial. The semi-annual and annual oscillations are consistent with the seasonal and yearly cycle of variations in AODs. The 40-month periodicity indicates the presence of long term correlations in AOD. The observed periodicities in MODIS Terra AODs are also evident in the ground-based AOD measurements made over Kanpur in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The phase of the periodicity in AOD is stable in the mid-frequency range, while local disturbances in the high-frequency range and long term changes in the atmospheric composition give rise to unstable phases in low-frequency range. That modulations in AOD over one location/region can influence the other is revealed by the presence of phase relation among different locations.
How to tell Real From Fake? Understanding how to classify human-authored and machine-generated text
Creators: name: Debashish, Chakraborty
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Machine Learning
Generative Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Natural Language Processing

description: Natural Language Generation (NLG) using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has been an active field of research as it alleviates restrictions in conventional Language Modelling based text generators e.g. Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The adequacy of a GAN-based text generator depends on its capacity to classify human-written (real) and machine-generated (synthetic) text. However, traditional evaluation metrics used by these generators cannot effectively capture classification features in NLG tasks, such as creative writing. We prove this by using an LSTM network to almost perfectly classify sentences generated by a LeakGAN, a state-of-the-art GAN for long text generation. This thesis attempts a rare approach to understand real and synthetic sentences using meaningful and interpretable features of long sentences (with at least 20 words). We analyse novelty and diversity features of real and synthetic sentences, generate by a LeakGAN, using three meaningful text dissimilarity functions: Jaccard Distance (JD), Normalised Levenshtein Distance (NLD) and Word Mover’s Distance (WMD). In particular, these functions focus on (1) the number of common words, (2) the order of these words, and (3) the semantic similarity in both sentence types, making them interpretable. We provide a comprehensive investigation to identify the effectiveness of novelty and diversity, in classifying real and synthetic sentences, by training two different classification algorithms of varying complexities. Our evaluations show that sentence diversities, using JD and NLD, are the most effective features for classification of human-authored and machine-generated sentences.
Diffusion of heat, energy, momentum, and mass in one-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Chen, Shunda
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Wang, Jiao
name: Zhao, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study diffusion processes of local fluctuations of heat, energy, momentum, and mass in three paradigmatic one-dimensional systems. For each system, diffusion processes of four physical quantities are simulated and the cross correlations between them are investigated. We find that, in all three systems, diffusion processes of energy and mass can be perfectly expressed as a linear combination of those of heat and momentum, suggesting that diffusion processes of heat and momentum may represent the heat mode and the sound mode in the hydrodynamic theory. In addition, the dynamic structure factor, which describes the diffusion behavior of local mass density fluctuations, is in general insufficient for probing diffusion processes of other quantities because in some cases there is no correlation between them. We also find that the diffusion behavior of heat can be qualitatively different from that of energy, and, as a result, previous studies trying to relate heat conduction to energy diffusion should be revisited.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
A higher-order unstructured finite volume solver for three-dimensional compressible flows
Creators: name: Hoshyari, Shayan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: High-order accurate numerical discretization methods are attractive for their potential to significantly reduce the computational costs compared to the traditional second-order methods. Among the various unstructured higher-order discretization schemes, the k-exact reconstruction finite volume method is of interest for its straightforward mathematical formulation, and its compatibility with the current lower-order industrial solvers. However, current three-dimensional finite volume solvers are limited to the solution of inviscid and laminar viscous flow problems. Since three-dimensional turbulent flows appear in many industrial applications, the current thesis takes the first step towards the development of a three-dimensional higher-order finite volume solver for the solution of both inviscid and viscous turbulent steady-state flow problems. The k-exact finite volume formulation of the governing equations is rederived in a dimension-independent manner, where the negative Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is employed. This one-equation model is reasonably accurate for many flow conditions, and its simplicity makes it a good starting point for the development of numerical algorithms. Then, the three-dimensional mesh preprocessing steps for a finite volume simulation are presented, including higher-order accurate numerical quadrature, and capturing the boundary curvature in highly anisotropic meshes. Also, the issues of k-exact reconstruction in handling highly anisotropic meshes are reviewed and addressed. Since three-dimensional problems can require much more memory than their two-dimensional counter-parts, solution methods that work in two dimensions might not be feasible in three dimensions anymore. As an attempt to overcome this issue, a practical and parallel scalable method for the solution of the discretized system of nonlinear equations is presented. Finally, the solution of four three-dimensional test problems are studied: Poisson’s equation in a cubic domain, inviscid flow over a sphere, turbulent flow over a flat plate, and turbulent flow over an extruded NACA 0012 airfoil. The solution is verified, and the resource consumption of the flow solver is measured. The results demonstrate the benefit and practicality of using higher-order methods for obtaining a certain level of accuracy.
Additional file 1 of Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review
Creators: name: Lizano-Díez, Irene
name: Naharro, Jesús
name: Zsolt, Ilonka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 : Supplementary Table 1. PRISMA Checklist.
Low-power temperature sensing system for biomedical applications
Creators: name: Afkhami Ardakani, Hasan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Implantable sensors have been used to improve monitoring and diagnosis of health-related parameters while allowing patients to lead a relatively normal life. Using data from such sensors, one can detect abnormal conditions at early stages and facilitate the prevention of potentially serious consequences. Recent technological advances in integrated circuits, wireless communications, and physiological sensing allow miniature, lightweight, ultra-low-power, intelligent monitoring devices. In this thesis, we focus on an electro-thermally active stent technology for management of in-stent restenosis (i.e., re-narrowing of artery at the stented site). Various studies reporting hyperthermia treatments of restenosis through stent heating have shown promising results, i.e., moderate local heating prevents restenosis by limiting cell proliferation. To remotely warm up the stent, we intend to harvest power from a dedicated source outside of the patient’s body and convert it to heat. However, if there is no control over temperature, the stent temperature may increase unboundedly, which would have adverse effects. The main objective of this thesis is to design a low-power, accurate temperature sensing system with a small footprint. Further, the required power to operate the temperature sensor should be harvested. In this work, two different temperature telemonitoring systems have been designed and laid out in a 65-nm CMOS technology. Both systems have been fabricated and successfully validated. The first telemonitoring system converts the sensed temperature directly to a frequency in an unlicensed band and transmits it to an external reader. The system operates from a supply voltage of 0.7 V and a power consumption of 100 µW. The measured sensitivity of the system is 1.1 MHz/°C within the frequency band of 902 to 928 MHz. This system is capable of detecting temperature change to as low as 1 °C. The sensor interface circuit of our second telemonitoring system converts the temperature to duty-cycle and sends sensory data out using an on-off-keying modulation system. The pulse width of the transmitted signal is proportional to e temperature. Measurement results of a proof-of-concept prototype show that the system operates from a supply voltage of as low as 0.6 V while consuming 115 µW.
Synthesis and (spectro)electrochemistry of mixed-valent diferrocenyl–dihydrothiopyran derivatives
Creators: name: Kowalski, Konrad
name: Karpowicz, Rafal
name: Mlostoń, Grzegorz
name: Miesel, Dominique
name: Hildebrandt, Alexander
name: Lang, Heinrich
name: Czerwieniec, Rafal
name: Therrien, Bruno
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Three novel diferrocenyl complexes were prepared and characterised. 2,2-Diferrocenyl-4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran (1, sulphide) was accessible by the hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of diferrocenyl thioketone with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Stepwise oxidation of 1 gave the respective oxides 2,2-diferrocenyl-4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-1-oxide (2, sulfoxide) and 2,2-diferrocenyl-4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-1,1-dioxide (3, sulfone), respectively. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 in the solid state were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The oxidation of sulphide 1 to sulfone 3, plays only a minor role on the overall structure of the two compounds. Electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (= CV), square wave voltammetry (= SWV)) and spectroelectrochemical (in situ UV-Vis/NIR spectroscopy) studies were carried out. The CV and SWV measurements showed that an increase of the sulphur atom oxidation from −2 in 1 to +2 in 3 causes an anodic shift of the ferrocenyl-based oxidation potentials of about 100 mV. The electrochemical oxidation of 1–3 generates mixed-valent cations 1+–3+. These monooxidised species display low-energy electronic absorption bands between 1000 and 3000 nm assigned to IVCT (= Inter-Valence Charge Transfer) electronic transitions. Accordingly, the mixed-valent cations 1+–3+ are classified as weakly coupled class II systems according to Robin and Day.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Synthesis of arsenic-rich Asn ligand complexes from yellow arsenic
Creators: name: Graßl, Christian
name: Bodensteiner, Michael
name: Zabel, Manfred
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The reaction of [{η5-Cp′′′Co}2{μ,η4:4-toluene}] with yellow arsenic yields the arsenic-rich Asn ligand complexes [{Cp′′′Co(μ,η2:2-As2)}2] (1), [(Cp′′′Co)4(μ4,η4:4:2:2:1:1-As10)] (2) and [(Cp′′′Co)3(μ3,η4:4:2:1-As12)] (3), which were comprehensively characterized. The molecular structure of 1 show a triple-decker complex with two As2 units forming the middle-deck; compound 2 contains an all-arsenic As10 analogue of dihydrofulvalene in the molecular structure. The As12 ligand in 3 represents the largest Asn ligand complex reported so far.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Fill-ins of nonnegative scalar curvature, static metrics, and quasi-local mass
Creators: name: Jauregui, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C20 (Primary) 83C99 (Secondary)

description: Consider a triple of "Bartnik data" $(Σ, γ,H)$, where $Σ$ is a topological 2-sphere with Riemannian metric $γ$ and positive function $H$. We view Bartnik data as a boundary condition for the problem of finding a compact Riemannian 3-manifold $(Ω,g)$ of nonnegative scalar curvature whose boundary is isometric to $(Σ,γ)$ with mean curvature $H$. Considering the perturbed data $(Σ, γ, λH)$ for a positive real parameter $λ$, we find that such a "fill-in" $(Ω,g)$ must exist for $λ$ small and cannot exist for $λ$ large; moreover, we prove there exists an intermediate threshold value. The main application is the construction of a new quasi-local mass, a concept of interest in general relativity. This mass has the nonnegativity property, but differs from many other definitions in that it tends to vanish on static vacuum (as opposed to flat) regions. We also recognize this mass as a special case of a type of twisted product of quasi-local mass functionals. Several ideas in this paper draw on work of Bray, Brendle--Marques--Neves, Corvino, Miao, and Shi--Tam.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
1,2,4-Triphospholyl anions – versatile building blocks for the formation of 1D, 2D and 3D assemblies
Creators: name: Heindl, Claudia
name: Peresypkina, Eugenia V.
name: Virovets, Alexander V.
name: Komarov, Vladislav Yu.
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The potential of K[P3C2R2] (R = tBu, Mes) as building blocks in metallo-supramolecular chemistry was investigated and self-assembly processes with Cu(I) halides resulted in the formation of a large variety of unprecedented one-, two- and even three-dimensional aggregates. The 3D networks showed an interesting topological similarity to allotropes of carbon: diamond and the theoretically proposed polybenzene. Furthermore, the negative charge of the phospholyl ligand favoured the generation of cationic CuaXb (a > b, X = Cl, Br, I) assemblies, a challenging area within the well-studied coordination chemistry of CuX units. In addition, the 1D strands were also characterized in solution, revealing the presence of oligomeric units.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Top quark forward-backward asymmetry from SU(N_c) color
Creators: name: Foot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the $t \bar t$ production asymmetry observed at the tevatron might be simply explained if the standard $SU(3)_c$ QCD theory is extended to $SU(N_c)$ which is spontaneously broken at a scale just above the weak scale. The extended gauge interactions amplify the radiative QCD contribution to the asymmetry and can potentially explain the observations if $N_c \stackrel{>}{\sim} 5$. This explanation requires a relatively low $SU(N_c)$ symmetry breaking scale $\stackrel{
description: About 10 pages, typo corrected
Dual-fluorescence pH probe for bio-labelling
Creators: name: Richter, C.
name: Schneider, C.
name: Quick, M. T.
name: Volz, P.
name: Mahrwald, R.
name: Hughes, J.
name: Dick, Bernhard
name: Alexiev, U.
name: Ernsting, N. P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Although seminaphtorhodafluor (SNARF) dyes are already widely used to measure pH in cells and at biofilms, their synthesis has low yield and results in an unspecific position of a carboxy-group. The separation of 5′- and 6′-carboxy-SNARF reveals a pKa difference of 0.15, calling into question pH measurements with the (commercially available) mixture. Here we replace the bulky external dicarboxyphenyl ring with a propionate group and evaluate the spectral properties of the new derivative. Proceeding to the ethyl-iodoacetamide, covalent linkage to cysteine protein sites is achieved efficiently as shown with a cyanobacterial phytochrome, extending the scarce application of SNARF in bio-labelling in the current literature. Application in fluorescence lifetime imaging is demonstrated both with the lifetime-based and ratiometric-yield method.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Photocatalytic benzylic C–H bond oxidation with a flavin scandium complex
Creators: name: Mühldorf, Bernd
name: Wolf, Robert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The enhanced reduction potential of riboflavin tetraacetate coordinating to scandium triflate enables the challenging photocatalytic C–H oxidation of electron-deficient alkylbenzenes and benzyl alcohols.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Additional file 2 of Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review
Creators: name: Lizano-Díez, Irene
name: Naharro, Jesús
name: Zsolt, Ilonka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2 : Supplementary Table 2. Search strategies.
Additional file 3 of Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review
Creators: name: Lizano-Díez, Irene
name: Naharro, Jesús
name: Zsolt, Ilonka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3 : Supplementary Table 3. Result of the quality appraisal.
A new class of deep-blue emitting Cu(I) compounds – effects of counter ions on the emission behavior
Creators: name: Gneuß, Timo
name: Leitl, Markus J.
name: Finger, Lars H.
name: Yersin, Hartmut
name: Sundermeyer, Jörg
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Three deep blue emitting Cu(I) compounds, [Cu(PPh3)tpym]PF6, [Cu(PPh3)tpym]BF4, and [Cu(PPh3)tpym]BPh4 (tpym = tris(2-pyridyl)methane, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) featuring the tripodally coordinating tpym and the monodentate PPh3 ligands were studied with regard to their structural and photophysical properties. The compounds only differ in their respective counter ions which have a strong impact on the emission properties of the powder samples. For example, the emission quantum yield can be significantly increased for the neat material from less than 10% to more than 40% by exchanging BPh4− with PF6−. These effects can be linked to different molecular packings which depend on the counter ion. In agreement with these results, it was found that the emission properties also strongly depend on the surrounding matrix environment which was elucidated by investigating photophysical properties of the compounds as powders, doped into a polymer matrix, and dissolved in a fluid solution, respectively. The observed differences in the emission behavior can be explained by different and pronounced distortions that occur in the excited state. These distortions are also displayed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Three-body forces and shell structure in calcium isotopes
Creators: name: Holt, Jason D.
name: Otsuka, Takaharu
name: Schwenk, Achim
name: Suzuki, Toshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding and predicting the formation of shell structure from nuclear forces is a central challenge for nuclear physics. While the magic numbers N=2,8,20 are generally well understood, N=28 is the first standard magic number that is not reproduced in microscopic theories with two-nucleon forces. In this Letter, we show that three-nucleon forces give rise to repulsive interactions between two valence neutrons that are key to explain 48Ca as a magic nucleus, with a high 2+ excitation energy and a concentrated magnetic dipole transition strength. The repulsive three-nucleon mechanism improves the agreement with experimental binding energies.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; improved version and added coupled-cluster benchmark; published version
Nonlinear Bloch modes, optical switching and Bragg solitons in tightly coupled micro-ring resonator chains
Creators: name: Chamorro-Posada, P.
name: Martín-Ramos, P.
name: Sánchez-Curto, J.
name: Garcia-Escartin, J. C.
name: Calzada, J. A.
name: Palencia, C.
name: Durán, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nonlinear wave phenomena in coupled ring resonator optical waveguides in the tight coupling regime. A discrete model for the system dynamics is put forward and its steady state nonlinear Bloch modes are derived. The switching behavior of the transmission system is addressed numerically and the results are explained in the light of this analytical result. We also present a numerical study on the spontaneous generation of Bragg solitons from a continuous-wave input.
description: Final version
Probing local pH-based precipitation processes in self-assembled silica-carbonate hybrid materials
Creators: name: Opel, Julian
name: Hecht, Mandy
name: Rurack, Knut
name: Eiblmeier, Josef
name: Kunz, Werner
name: Cölfen, Helmut
name: Kellermeier, Matthias
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Crystallisation of barium carbonate in the presence of silica can lead to the spontaneous assembly of highly complex superstructures, consisting of uniform and largely co-oriented BaCO3 nanocrystals that are interspersed by a matrix of amorphous silica. The formation of these biomimetic architectures (so-called silica biomorphs) is thought to be driven by a dynamic interplay between the components, in which subtle changes of conditions trigger ordered mineralisation at the nanoscale. In particular, it has been proposed that local pH gradients at growing fronts play a crucial role in the process of morphogenesis. In the present work, we have used a special pH-sensitive fluorescent dye to directly trace these presumed local fluctuations by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our data demonstrate the existence of an active region near the growth front, where the pH is locally decreased with respect to the alkaline bulk solution on a length scale of few microns. This observation provides fundamental and, for the first time, direct experimental support for the current picture of the mechanism underlying the formation of these peculiar materials. On the other hand, the absence of any temporal oscillations in the local pH – another key feature of the envisaged mechanism – challenges the notion of autocatalytic phenomena in such systems and raises new questions about the actual role of silica as an additive in the crystallisation process.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Hierarchy of protein loop-lock structures: a new server for the decomposition of a protein structure into a set of closed loops
Creators: name: Kogan, Simon
name: Frenkel, Zakharia
name: Kupervasser, Oleg
name: Volkovich, Zeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: HoPLLS (Hierarchy of protein loop-lock structures) (http://leah.haifa.ac.il/~skogan/Apache/mydata1/main.html) is a web server that identifies closed loops - a structural basis for protein domain hierarchy. The server is based on the loop-and-lock theory for structural organisation of natural proteins. We describe this web server, the algorithms for the decomposition of a 3D protein into loops and the results of scientific investigations into a structural "alphabet" of loops and locks.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 4 of Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review
Creators: name: Lizano-Díez, Irene
name: Naharro, Jesús
name: Zsolt, Ilonka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4 : Supplementary Table 4. Risk of bias in observational studies included in the systematic review.
Nonsymmetric Askey-Wilson polynomials as vector-valued polynomials
Creators: name: Koornwinder, Tom H.
name: Bouzeffour, Fethi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D45, 33D52, 33C45

description: Nonsymmetric Askey-Wilson polynomials are usually written as Laurent polynomials. We write them equivalently as 2-vector-valued symmetric Laurent polynomials. Then the Dunkl-Cherednik operator of which they are eigenfunctions, is represented as a 2x2 matrix-valued operator. As a new result made possible by this approach we obtain positive definiteness of the inner product in the orthogonality relations, under certain constraints on the parameters. A limit transition to nonsymmetric little q-Jacobi polynomials also becomes possible in this way. Nonsymmetric Jacobi polynomials are considered as limits both of the Askey-Wilson and of the little q-Jacobi case.
description: 16 pages. Dedicated to Paul Butzer on the occasion of his 80th birthday. v4: minor correction in (4.14)
Quantum chemical insights into the dependence of porphyrin basicity on the meso-aryl substituents: thermodynamics, buckling, reaction sites and molecular flexibility
Creators: name: Presselt, Martin
name: Dehaen, Wim
name: Maes, Wouter
name: Klamt, Andreas
name: Martinez, Todd
name: Beenken, Wichard J. D.
name: Kruk, Mikalai
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The chemical and sensing properties of porphyrins are frequently tuned via the introduction of peripheral substituents. In the context of the exceptionally fast second protonation step in the case of 5,10,15,20- tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), as compared to porphin and 5,10,15,20-tetramesitylporphyrin (TMesP), we investigated the macrocycle-substituent interactions of these three porphyrin derivatives in detail. Using quantum chemical thermodynamics calculations, the analysis of geometric structures, torsional profiles, electrostatic potential distributions, and particularly the analysis of molecular flexibilities via ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we obtained a comprehensive picture of the reactivities of the studied porphyrins and how these are influenced by the meso-substituents. As compared to porphin and TMesP the second protonation of TPP is energetically more favorable and is particularly energetically comparable to its first protonation, instead of being significantly less favorable like in the case of porphyrin and TMesP. Additionally, the second TPP protonation is facilitated by an interplay between out-of-plane (oop) distortion of the protonation site and a pronounced electrostatic binding spot at the protonation site. Furthermore, the second protonation is particularly facilitated in the case of TPP by the large oop-flexibility of the diprotonated species as unraveled by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
2-plectic geometry, Courant algebroids, and categorified prequantization
Creators: name: Rogers, Christopher L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D17, 53D50, 17B55

description: A 2-plectic manifold is a manifold equipped with a closed nondegenerate 3-form, just as a symplectic manifold is equipped with a closed nondegenerate 2-form. In 2-plectic geometry we meet higher analogues of many structures familiar from symplectic geometry. For example, any 2-plectic manifold has a Lie 2-algebra consisting of smooth functions and Hamiltonian 1-forms. This is equipped with a Poisson-like bracket which only satisfies the Jacobi identity up to `coherent chain homotopy'. Over any 2-plectic manifold is a vector bundle equipped with extra structure called an exact Courant algebroid. This Courant algebroid is the 2-plectic analogue of a transitive Lie algebroid over a symplectic manifold. Its space of global sections also forms a Lie 2-algebra. We show that this Lie 2-algebra contains an important sub-Lie 2-algebra which is isomorphic to the Lie 2-algebra of Hamiltonian 1-forms. Furthermore, we prove that it is quasi-isomorphic to a central extension of the (trivial) Lie 2-algebra of Hamiltonian vector fields, and therefore is the higher analogue of the well-known Kostant-Souriau central extension in symplectic geometry. We interpret all of these results within the context of a categorified prequantization procedure for 2-plectic manifolds. In doing so, we describe how U(1)-gerbes, equipped with a connection and curving, and Courant algebroids are the 2-plectic analogues of principal U(1) bundles equipped with a connection and their associated Atiyah Lie algebroids.
description: Final version. To appear in Journal of Symplectic Geometry
Influence of additives on the structure of surfactant-free microemulsions
Creators: name: Marcus, J.
name: Touraud, Didier
name: Prevost, S.
name: Diat, O.
name: Zemb, T.
name: Kunz, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: microemulsion stability electrolyte emulsification
subject: 540 Chemie

description: We study the addition of electrolytes to surfactant-free microemulsions in the domain where polydisperse pre-Ouzo aggregates are present. As in previous studies, the microemulsion is the ternary system water/ethanol/1-octanol, where ethanol acts as co-solvent. Addition of electrolytes modifies the static X-ray and neutron scattering, and dynamic light scattering patterns, as well as the position of the miscibility gap, where spontaneous emulsification occurs upon dilution with water. All observations can be rationalized considering that electrolytes are either “salting out” the ethanol, which is the main component of the interface stabilizing the aggregates, or producing charge separation via the antagonistic ion effect discovered by Onuki et al. Amphiphilic electrolytes, such as sodium dodecylsulfate or sodium dietheylhexylphosphate, induce a gradual transition towards monodisperse ionic micelles with their characteristic broad scattering “peak”. In these micelles the ethanol plays then the role of a cosurfactant. Dynamic light scattering can only be understood by combination of fluctuations of aggregate concentration due to the vicinity of a critical point and in-out fluctuations of ethanol.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Les belles-soeurs : an oratorio for 15 women
Creators: name: Brown, Diane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Through the following pages I will catalogue my directorial process of researching, rehearsing and reflecting on my thesis production of Les Belles-soeurs by Michel Tremblay. The production ran at the Frederic Wood Theatre from March 16 to April 1, 2017 and was a critical and popular success. Les Belles-soeurs utilized the talents of fifteen women actors from the UBC theatre program, as well as student designers, production personnel and crew. This written thesis will attempt to illustrate my creative choices, script analysis, and staging ideas in relation to my research, and in collaboration with the other artists and design team. An effort will be made to highlight what worked well, what changed, and what perhaps should have changed. There are also notes from my Director’s Diary beginning at the start of my Masters work. These notes chronicle, over two years, my learning curve here at UBC and are included because they informed the process of my thesis production. In addition to a detailed analysis of my process with Les Belles-soeurs, therefore, there is also some analysis of other plays that led up to my thesis production. All of this informed my work on Les Belles-soeurs and are reflected upon within this document as part of my Masters work.
Water dispersible upconverting nanoparticles: effects of surface modification on their luminescence and colloidal stability
Creators: name: Wilhelm, Stefan
name: Kaiser, Martin
name: Würth, Christian
name: Heiland, Josef
name: Carrillo-Carrion, Carolina
name: Muhr, Verena
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
name: Parak, Wolfgang J.
name: Resch-Genger, Ute
name: Hirsch, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: We present a systematic study on the effect of surface ligands on the luminescence properties and colloidal stability of β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), comparing nine different surface coatings to render these UCNPs water-dispersible and bioconjugatable. A prerequisite for this study was a large-scale synthetic method that yields ∼2 g per batch of monodisperse oleate-capped UCNPs providing identical core particles. These ∼23 nm sized UCNPs display an upconversion quantum yield of ∼0.35% when dispersed in cyclohexane and excited with a power density of 150 W cm−2, underlining their high quality. A comparison of the colloidal stability and luminescence properties of these UCNPs, subsequently surface modified with ligand exchange or encapsulation protocols, revealed that the ratio of the green (545 nm) and red (658 nm) emission bands determined at a constant excitation power density clearly depends on the surface chemistry. Modifications relying on the deposition of additional (amphiphilic) layer coatings, where the initial oleate coating is retained, show reduced non-radiative quenching by water as compared to UCNPs that are rendered water-dispersible via ligand exchange. Moreover, we could demonstrate that the brightness of the upconversion luminescence of the UCNPs is strongly affected by the type of surface modification, i.e., ligand exchange or encapsulation, yet hardly by the chemical nature of the ligand.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Tipping points in open systems: bifurcation, noise-induced and rate-dependent examples in the climate system
Creators: name: Ashwin, Peter
name: Wieczorek, Sebastian
name: Vitolo, Renato
name: Cox, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37G35

description: Tipping points associated with bifurcations (B-tipping) or induced by noise (N-tipping) are recognized mechanisms that may potentially lead to sudden climate change. We focus here a novel class of tipping points, where a sufficiently rapid change to an input or parameter of a system may cause the system to "tip" or move away from a branch of attractors. Such rate-dependent tipping, or R-tipping, need not be associated with either bifurcations or noise. We present an example of all three types of tipping in a simple global energy balance model of the climate system, illustrating the possibility of dangerous rates of change even in the absence of noise and of bifurcations in the underlying quasi-static system.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 5 of Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review
Creators: name: Lizano-Díez, Irene
name: Naharro, Jesús
name: Zsolt, Ilonka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5 : Supplementary Table 5. Risk of bias assessment of included model-based economic evaluations (based on the ECOBIAS checklist).
Metrics with Prescribed Ricci Curvature near the Boundary of a Manifold
Creators: name: Pulemotov, Artem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Suppose $M$ is a manifold with boundary. Choose a point $o\in\partial M$. We investigate the prescribed Ricci curvature equation $\Ric(G)=T$ in a neighborhood of $o$ under natural boundary conditions. The unknown $G$ here is a Riemannian metric. The letter $T$ in the right-hand side denotes a (0,2)-tensor. Our main theorems address the questions of the existence and the uniqueness of solutions. We explain, among other things, how these theorems may be used to study rotationally symmetric metrics near the boundary of a solid torus $\mathcal T$. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the Einstein equation on $\mathcal T$.
description: 13 pages
Additional file 1 of Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review
Creators: name: Lizano-Díez, Irene
name: Naharro, Jesús
name: Zsolt, Ilonka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 : Supplementary Table 1. PRISMA Checklist.
Quantum analogues of Hardy's nonlocality paradox
Creators: name: Fritz, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hardy's nonlocality is a "nonlocality proof without inequalities": it exemplifies that quantum correlations can be qualitatively stronger than classical correlations. This paper introduces variants of Hardy's nonlocality in the CHSH scenario which are realized by the PR-box, but not by quantum correlations. Hence this new kind of Hardy-type nonlocality is a proof without inequalities showing that superquantum correlations can be qualitatively stronger than quantum correlations.
description: minor fixes
No photocatalyst required – versatile, visible light mediated transformations with polyhalomethanes
Creators: name: Franz, Johannes F.
name: Kraus, Wolfgang B.
name: Zeitler, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: A visible light mediated, but photocatalyst-free method for the oxidative α-CH functionalization of tertiary amines with a broad scope of carbon- and heteroatom nucleophiles using polyhalomethanes has been developed. In addition, the pivotal visible light triggered activation of polyhalomethanes offers mild conditions for efficient Kharasch-type additions onto non-activated olefins. Preliminary mechanistic studies are reported.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Additional file 1 of Symbiotic relationships through longitudinal integrated clerkships in general practice
Creators: name: O’Regan, Andrew
name: O’Doherty, Jane
name: Green, James
name: Hyde, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. COREQ Guidelines.
How to Discover High-quality Roles? A Survey and Dependency Analysis of Quality Criteria in Role Mining
Creators: name: Kunz, Michael
name: Fuchs, Ludwig
name: Netter, Michael
name: Pernul, Günther
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: IAM, Role Quality, RBAC, Role-based Access Control
subject: 004 Informatik
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Roles have evolved into the de facto standard for access control in Enterprise Identity Management. However, companies struggle to develop and maintain a role-based access control state. For the initial role deployment, role mining is widely used. Due to the high number and complexity of available role mining algorithms, companies fail to perceive which is selected best according to their needs. Furthermore, requirements on the composition of roles such as reduction of administration cost are to be taken into account in role development. In order to give them guidance, in this paper we aggregate existing role mining approaches and classify them. For consideration of individual prerequisites we extract quality criteria that should be met. Later on, we discuss interdependencies between the criteria to help role developers avoid unwanted side-effects and produce RBAC states that are tailored to their preferences.
description: book title "Information Systems Security and Privacy. First International Conference, ICISSP 2015, Angers, France, February 9-11, 2015, Revised Selected Papers" (ISBN 978-3-319276-67-05-0937)
Constraining gluon poles
Creators: name: Anikin, I. V.
name: Teryaev, O. V.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Factorization theorem, Gauge invariance, Drell-Yan process
subject: 530 Physik

description: In this letter, we revise the QED gauge invariance for the hadron tensor of Drell-Yan type processes with the transversely polarized hadron. We perform our analysis within the Feynman gauge for gluons and make a comparison with the results obtained within the light-cone gauge. We demonstrate that QED gauge invariance leads, first, to the need of a non-standard diagram and, second, to the absence of gluon poles in the correlators ⟨ψ¯γ⊥A+ψ⟩ related traditionally to dT(x,x)/dx. As a result, these terms disappear from the final QED gauge invariant hadron tensor. We also verify the absence of such poles by analysing the corresponding light-cone Dirac algebra.
description: SCOAP3