cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic Energy Production Enhanced by Coupling Thermal Storage with Thermoelectric Conversion
Creators: name: Gavillet, J.
name: Noël, S.
name: Caroff, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 293-297
description: The reported work evaluates the advantages for a photovoltaic (PV) cell under illumination of combining energy production, storage and conversion of heat losses in a single passive system. It is shown that the storage of latent heat using phase change materials substantially delays the PV yield decay, and that the simultaneous use of a thermoelectric generator amplifies the yield. The combination of storage and conversion is also shown to induce three different responses for the system output power. It enables either an instantaneous burst or an output power stabilization over the complete daylight cycle or a delayed and schedulable burst. As a result our study validates the concept of using a passive system to handle the heat influence on a standard PV system, thus preventing the energy production and yield to
be critically affected.
A biocodicological analysis of the medieval library and archive from Orval Abbey, Belgium.
Creators: name: Ruffini-Ronzani, Nicolas
name: Nieus, Jean-François
name: Soncin, Silvia
name: Hickinbotham, Simon
name: Dieu, Marc
name: Bouhy, Julie
name: Charles, Catherine
name: Ruzzier, Chiara
name: Falmagne, Thomas
name: Hermand, Xavier
name: Collins, Matthew
name: Deparis, Olivier
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Biocodicological analysis of parchments from manuscript books and archives offers unprecedented insight into the materiality of medieval literacy. Using ZooMS for animal species identification, we explored almost the entire library and all the preserved single leaf charters of a single medieval Cistercian monastery (Orval Abbey, Belgium). Systematic non-invasive sampling of parchment collagen was performed on every charter and on the first bifolium from every quire of the 118 codicological units composing the books (1490 samples in total). Within the genuine production of the Orval scriptorium (26 units), a balanced use of calfskin (47.1%) and sheepskin (48.5%) was observed, whereas calfskin was less frequent (24.3%) in externally produced units acquired by the monastery (92 units). Calfskin was preferably used for higher quality manuscripts while sheepskin tends to be the standard choice for 'ordinary' manuscript book production. This finding is consistent with thirteenth-century parchment accounts from Beaulieu Abbey (England) where calfskin supply was more limited and its price higher. Our study reveals that the making of archival documents does not follow the same pattern as the production of library books. Although the five earliest preserved charters are made of calfskin, from the 1230s onwards, all charters from Orval are written on sheepskin.
Pixels simultaneous detection probabilities and spatial resolution determination of pixelized detectors by means of correlation measurements
Creators: name: Grabski, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel method to estimate the pixels simultaneous detection probability and the spatial resolution of pixelized detectors is proposed, which is based on the determination of the statistical correlations between detector neighbor pixels. The correlations are determined by means of noise variance measurement for a isolated pixels and the difference between neighbor pixels. The method is validated using images from the two different GE Senographe 2000D mammographic units. The pixelized detector has been irradiated using x-rays along its entire surface. It is shown that the pixel simultaneous detection probabilities can be estimated within accuracy 0.001 - 0.003, where the systematic error is estimated to be smaller than 0.005. The presampled two-dimensional point-spread function (PSF0) is determined using a single Gaussian and a sum of two Gaussian approximations. The obtained results for the presampled PSF0 show that the single Gaussian approximation is not appropriate, and the sum of two Gaussian approximations providing the best fit predicts the existence of a large (~50%) narrow component. Another proof of this fact is the latest simulation study of columnar indirect digital detectors by A. Badano et al. The sampled two-dimensional PSF is determined using Monte Carlo simulation for the L-shape uniform distributed acceptance function for different values of fill factors. The detector spatial resolution is estimated using sampled PSF and has values 54 and 58 mkm for two different units. The calculation of the presampled modulation transfer function based on the PSF0 estimation shows that the existing data can only be reproduced using a single Gaussian approximation and the usage of the sum of two Gaussian show significantly larger values in the higher frequency region for both units.
description: 14 pages, 5 tables, 10 figures; added 1 figure and section 3.2
Degradation Mechanism Analysis of Damp Heat Aged PV Modules
Creators: name: Gong, H.
name: Wang, G.
name: Gao, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3518-3522
description: Photovoltaic (PV) modules lifetime are desired to be greater than 25 years, however the industry
standard IEC61215 tests are only designed to identify early failures within the first five years of operation. Therefore
accelerated aging tests are required. Extended Damp Heat (85°C/85% relative humidity) and PCT (Pressure Cooker
Test) tests have been carried out to assess long-term durability of PV modules, and further analyze the relevant
degradation mechanisms. Most crystal silicon photovoltaic modules are encapsulated with ethylene-vinyl acetate
(EVA) and Tedlar-Polyester backsheets to provide protection against environmental exposure. However, EVA is a
moisture sensitive material in which an hydrolysis reaction will occur to produce acetic acid in the presence of heat
and moisture. This reaction results in reduced the PH concentration inside the module that accelerates metallic
corrosion that leads to significant output power degradation. The backsheet is a barrier to prevent moisture from
getting into the modules, hence the WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) is an important factor to minimize this
degradation mechanism.
This work investigates the degradation of modules with different backsheets and EVAs, and correlates this to the
backsheet WVTR. The extended Damp Heat and PCT tests were applied, and the modules were periodically analyzed
for degradation by recording their performance by pulse solar simulator and EL (electroluminescence) imaging.
Star formation in galaxies falling into clusters along supercluster-scale filaments
Creators: name: Porter, Scott C.
name: Raychaudhury, Somak
name: Pimbblet, Kevin A.
name: Drinkwater, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the help of a statistical parameter derived from optical spectra, we show that the current star formation rate of a galaxy, falling into a cluster along a supercluster filament, is likely to undergo a sudden enhancement before the galaxy reaches the virial radius of the cluster. From a sample of 52 supercluster-scale filaments of galaxies joining a pair of rich clusters of galaxies within the two-degree Field Redshift Survey region, we find a significant enhancement of star formation, within a narrow range between 2-3 h/70 Mpc of the centre of the cluster into which the galaxy is falling. This burst of star formation is almost exclusively seen in the fainter dwarf galaxies (M_B> -20). The relative position of the peak does not depend on whether the galaxy is a member of a group or not, but non-group galaxies have on average a higher rate of star formation immediately before falling into a cluster. From the various trends, we conclude that the predominant process responsible for this rapid burst is the close interaction with other galaxies falling into the cluster along the same filament, if the interaction occurs before the gas reservoir of the galaxy gets stripped off due to the interaction with the intracluster medium.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Cosmic rays and non-thermal emission in simulated galaxies. II. $γ$-ray maps, spectra and the far infrared-$γ$-ray relation
Creators: name: Werhahn, Maria
name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Girichidis, Philipp
name: Winner, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $γ$-ray emission of star-forming (SF) galaxies is attributed to hadronic interactions of cosmic ray (CR) protons with the interstellar gas and contributions from CR electrons via bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton (IC) scattering. The relative importance of these processes in different galaxy types is still unclear. We model these processes in three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of the formation of isolated galactic discs using the moving-mesh code AREPO, including dynamically coupled CR protons and adopting different CR transport models. We calculate steady-state CR spectra and also account for the emergence of secondary electrons and positrons. This allows us to produce detailed $γ$-ray maps, luminosities and spectra of our simulated galaxies at different evolutionary stages. Our simulations with anisotropic CR diffusion and a low CR injection efficiency at supernovae (SNe, $ζ_{\mathrm{SN}}=0.05$) can successfully reproduce the observed far infrared (FIR)-$γ$-ray relation. Starburst galaxies are close to the calorimetric limit, where CR protons lose most of their energy due to hadronic interactions and hence, their $γ$-ray emission is dominated by neutral pion decay. However, in low SF galaxies, the increasing diffusive losses soften the CR proton spectra due to energy-dependent diffusion, and likewise steepen the pionic $γ$-ray spectra. In turn, IC emission hardens the total spectra and can contribute up to $\sim40$ per cent of the total luminosity in low SF galaxies. Furthermore, in order to match the observed $γ$-ray spectra of starburst galaxies, we require a weaker energy dependence of the CR diffusion coefficient, $D\propto{E}^{0.3}$, in comparison to Milky Way-like galaxies.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Mechanisms Underlying Disorders of Consciousness: Bridging Gaps to Move Toward an Integrated Translational Science.
Creators: name: Luppi, Andrea
name: Cain, Joshua
name: Spindler, Lennart
name: Górska, Urszula J
name: Toker, Daniel
name: Hudson, Andrew E
name: Brown, Emery N
name: Diringer, Michael N
name: Stevens, Robert D
name: Massimini, Marcello
name: Monti, Martin M
name: Stamatakis, Emmanuel
name: Boly, Melanie
name: Curing Coma Campaign And Its Contributing Collaborators
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Curing Coma Campaign and Its Contributing Collaborators
Humans
Brain Injuries
Consciousness Disorders
Coma
Consciousness

description: AIM: In order to successfully detect, classify, prognosticate, and develop targeted therapies for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), it is crucial to improve our mechanistic understanding of how severe brain injuries result in these disorders. METHODS: To address this need, the Curing Coma Campaign convened a Mechanisms Sub-Group of the Coma Science Work Group (CSWG), aiming to identify the most pressing knowledge gaps and the most promising approaches to bridge them. RESULTS: We identified a key conceptual gap in the need to differentiate the neural mechanisms of consciousness per se, from those underpinning connectedness to the environment and behavioral responsiveness. Further, we characterised three fundamental gaps in DOC research: (1) a lack of mechanistic integration between structural brain damage and abnormal brain function in DOC; (2) a lack of translational bridges between micro- and macro-scale neural phenomena; and (3) an incomplete exploration of possible synergies between data-driven and theory-driven approaches. CONCLUSION: In this white paper, we discuss research priorities that would enable us to begin to close these knowledge gaps. We propose that a fundamental step towards this goal will be to combine translational, multi-scale, and multimodal data, with new biomarkers, theory-driven approaches, and computational models, to produce an integrated account of neural mechanisms in DOC. Importantly, we envision that reciprocal interaction between domains will establish a "virtuous cycle," leading towards a critical vantage point of integrated knowledge that will enable the advancement of the scientific understanding of DOC and consequently, an improvement of clinical practice.
description: This work was supported by the Tiny Blue Dot Foundation; the Templeton World Charity Foundation, Inc.; grant NInDS K23NS112473; NIH-NIGMS Grant R01GM135420; the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (1K08GM121961); The Johns Hopkins University Discovery Award, Stimulating and Advancing ACCM Research Award; the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation under the Specific Grant Agreement No. 945539 (Human Brain Project SGA3); the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) (RCZB/072 RG93193); the Stephen Erskine Fellowship (Queens’ College, Cambridge, UK); the Cambridge European Trust; the Gates Cambridge Trust.
Electrical Properties of Different Types of Grain Boundaries in Multicrystalline Silicon by Photoluminescence Imaging
Creators: name: Sio, H.C.
name: Trupke, T.
name: Phang, S.P.
name: Macdonald, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 714-718
description: There are numerous types of Grain Boundaries (GBs) present in multicrystalline silicon wafers, such as
3, 9, 27 and Random Angle (RA) GBs. Small-Angle Grain Boundaries (SA GBs) are also common, and often
occur in locally dense networks, creating regions of high recombination. These GBs can limit the efficiency of
multicrystalline silicon solar cells, especially when they are decorated with impurities. However, the electrical
properties of GBs are not fully understood. Here we examine the recombination activities of different types of GBs
by photoluminescence (PL) imaging, combined with Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) data to determine
the GB types. We quantify the recombination strength of GBs with two different methods - the PL contrast at the
GBs, and the GB induced recombination current. Our results indicate that SA GBs are the most recombination active
GBs, followed by 27 GBs, while the majority of 3 and 9 GBs are recombination inactive. The influences of
injection level, bulk lifetime and surface condition on the recombination strength of GBs are also discussed.
Innovative Power Electronics for Rural Electrification
Creators: name: Reiners, F.
name: Burger, B.
name: Stalter, O.
name: Eberlin, M.
name: Roth, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3871-3873
description: Until today worldwide 1.44 billion people do not have access to electricity. Most of them live in
remote areas which cannot be connected easily to the public grid. On the other hand, almost all of these areas are
located within the “Sun Belt” region around the equator and have high solar resources. Off-grid solar energy systems
have always been an interesting option for these remote areas and the continuing drop of solar panel prices as well as
the low carbon emission of photovoltaic (PV) electricity makes them an even more attractive option. So far, in the
field of remote PV energy systems, only low power components are available on the market. In order to supply larger
consumers, different kinds of technical solutions allow parallelizing multiple small inverters or battery chargers in the
range of a few kilowatts (kW) to reach a few hundreds of kW. Although this is a well-proven approach, it makes PV
off-grid systems more complex and foremost more expensive. The Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
and KACO new energy GmbH are working together in the frame of a research project funded by the German
Ministry for Environment (BMU) with the objective to develop the architecture and framework of the next generation
village energy supply system (BMU key number 0325121). This paper will first focus on the very advanced 125 kVA
off-grid inverter, which is designed to challenge large diesel generators in their well established markets. In a second
part the associated highly innovative high voltage PV battery charger with its hybrid lead-acid (Pb) and lithium-ion
(Li) battery will be presented. Also the energy management system and the used communication architecture will be
introduced. The Project has begun in 2009 and will be terminated in 2013.
Integration of Photonic Nanostructures with Ge Quantum Dots in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Usami, N.
name: Pan, W.
name: Tayagaki, T.
name: Chu, S. T.
name: Li, J.
name: Feng, T.
name: Kiguchi, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 32-34
description: We propose to integrate photonic nanostructures coupled with Ge quantum dots (QDs) in crystalline Si
solar cells for advanced management of photons and carriers. The photonic nanostructures at the surface can bring
extra interaction between photons and QDs to result in efficient light trapping and increased photoresponse at infrared
region. The type-II alignment at the Ge/Si interface would spatially separate electrons and holes to suppress carrier
recombinations, and photogenerated carriers could be efficiently transported through electronic coupling of vertically
aligned QDs. Importantly, the proposed nanostructures can be fabricated by a simple and practical method based on
wet chemical process without any lithography techniques to utilize spontaneously modulted etching rate.
Parameters Characterizing the Grade of Fitting the Spectral Distribution of Solar Simulators to a „Reference Sun“
Creators: name: Kockott, D.
name: Schoenlein, A.
name: Feil, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Standardisation

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3673-3676
description: Solar simulators according to IEC 60904-9 for PV design qualification tests generate radiation which should
simulate the „reference sun“ listed in IEC 60904-3 as perfect as possible, and most important is the fitting to the
spectral distribution. The classification of solar simulators in compliance with IEC 60904-9 is not sufficient to
describe the grade of fitting to the wanted „reference sun".
This paper deals with a procedure for the determination of factors characterising the grade of fitting in quantity.
Basis of the procedure is the recently published E DIN 5031-11. Section 4.8 of this standard deals with a factor
for characterizing the spectral fitting of an integrating receiver to a given action spectrum considering different
light sources. This procedure is principally applicable for characterizing the grade of fitting the spectral
distribution of solar simulators to a defined „reference sun“, too.
For class A (metal halide) and class B and C (xenon) solar simulators in accordance to IEC 60904-9 which are
commercially available (e.g. design qualification tests), characteristic factors for different wavelength ranges are
indicated, and a proposal is made for a new classification in standards (e.g. IEC 60904-9) regarding the grade of
fitting the spectral distribution of solar simulators to a defined „reference sun“.
As examples for characteristic factors taking into account action spectra with especially distinct wavelength
dependence, characteristic factors for solar simulators are given in case amorphous, poly-crystalline, and monocrystalline
silicon PV modules are tested.
Analytical Model for Concentrated Photovoltaic Arrays
Creators: name: Ben Or, A.
name: Appelbaum, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 249-252
description: An analytical model for concentrator photovoltaic arrays consisting of series connected
InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi-junction solar cells with bypass diodes is presented. Each solar cell is represented by a single
diode model and an additional term for the bypass diode. The parameters of each cell were estimated by curve fitting
of the theoretical cell equation to the measured I-V characteristic using Newton-Raphson method. Based on the
estimated cell parameters, the I-V characteristic of the array is analyzed. The model is applied to describe the
performance of concentrator photovoltaic arrays under non-uniform irradiance.
Distributed MPP-Tracking: Cross-Coupling Effects in Series and Parallel Connected DC/DC Converters
Creators: name: Huusari, J.
name: Suntio, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3103-3109
description: In practical photovoltaic installations, difficulties with partial shading and module have been observed
to greatly reduce the energy yield. These difficulties are typically encountered in built environment, where the system
is frequently shaded e.g. by nearby buildings. A widely recognized solution to overcome these difficulties is to utilize
module-wise dc/dc converters, enabling module-level maximum power point (MPP) tracking and interfacing the
module into a common dc link, i.e. the input terminal of a grid-connected inverter. This kind of distributed MPPtracking
can be implemented either with output-series or output-parallel connected dc/dc converters. Of these two, the
series configuration has been observed to contain operational anomalies which degrade the energy yield. So far, the
origin for these anomalies has not been presented. This paper fills the gap by presenting small-signal models for both
system configurations and with them explains the observed phenomenon.
Survey of Renewable Energy Installations in Rural Ethiopia and Design of a Low Cost Inverter for Rural Applications
Creators: name: Lakeou, S.
name: Mamo, M.
name: Gelalcha, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4233-4235
description: The paper presents the results of a cooperative effort made by the University of the District of Columbia, the Faculty of
Technology of Addis Ababa University and a local nongovernmental organization, Hope2020, for realizing for the first
time, a survey of all existing renewable energy projects including their status of operation, in the largest State of the
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,. The survey will be an invaluable reference document for the energy policy
makers in the country as well as for all prospective renewable energy developers, including academic institutions, NGOs
and private individuals.
Completion of a Model, Low Cost, Novel PV Powered Water Delivery Project in Rural Ethiopia
Creators: name: Lakeou, S.
name: Mamo, M.
name: Gelalcha, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4280-4282
description: The paper highlights the final stages showing the completion of a renewable energy project consisting of solar powered
water delivery system in Komboltcha, rural Ethiopia. The potable water delivery system which serves up to 33,000 inhabitants of the rural community was started in 2009 and has now been inaugurated after the completion of its second phase. The project benefited from the cooperation between the University of the District of Columbia, the Faculty of Technology of Addis Ababa University and a local nongovernmental organization, Hope2020, which together signed a memorandum of understanding for the implementation of the project. The project includes a low cost, novel approach to water delivery to the local community, including a double reservoir system at different elevations. The initial work was
presented at a previous EUPVSEC conference. The current paper summarizes the final stages of the project as well as lessons learned during its implementation.
Continuous opinion dynamics of multidimensional allocation problems under bounded confidence: More dimensions lead to better chances for consensus
Creators: name: Lorenz, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study multidimensional continuous opinion dynamics, where opinions are nonnegative vectors which components sum up to one. Examples of such opinions are budgets or other allocation vectors which display a distribution of a fixed amount of ressource to n projects. We use the opinion dynamics models of Deffuant-Weisbuch and Hegselmann-Krause, which both extend naturally to more dimensional opinions. They both rely on bounded confidence of the agents and differ in their communication regime. We show detailed simulation results regarding $n=2,...,8$ and the bound of confidence $\eps$. Number, location and size of opinion clusters in the stabilized opinion profiles are of interest. Known differences of both models repeat under higher opinion dimensions: Higher number of clusters and more minor clusters in the Deffuant-Weisbuch model, meta-stable states in the Hegselmann-Krause model. But surprisingly, higher dimensions lead to better chances for a vast majority consensus even for lower bounds of confidence. On the other hand, the number of minority clusters rises with n, too.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, to appear in European Journal of Economic and Social Systems
Impact of Psychotropics on the Gut Microbiota and Potential of Probiotics to Alleviate Related Dysbiosis
Creators: name: Ait Chait, Yasmina
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2021
Subjects: Gut microbiota
psychotropics
antimicrobial activity
dysbiosis
probiotics

description: There is an increasing interest in how therapeutic drugs could alter the human gut microbiota composition and function. While some knowledge is accumulating on the antimicrobial impact of some psychotropics on isolated strains or the gut microbiota of animal models, information about other classes of psychotropics and representative species from the human gut is poorly investigated. The antimicrobial effect of psychotropic drugs is usually neglected as a confounding factor when investigating gut microbiome biomarkers, knowing that patients are generally put in long-term medication. The purpose of the present study was to investigate (in vitro and ex-vivo) the antimicrobial activity of some oral commonly prescribed psychotropics from different therapeutic classes on colonic microbiota diversity and metabolism and the potential capacity of probiotics to alleviate related dysbiosis. The findings of this study revealed an important in vitro inhibitory activity of psychotropic drugs, which were also expressed as drastic alterations in gut microbiota composition ex-vivo. Indeed, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were lowered while the Proteobacteria population was increased. Families of Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were also declined by psychotropics (aripiprazole) treatment. These microbial changes were translated into a decrease of the major SCFA (butyrate, acetate, and propionate) at the metabolic level. The addition of a probiotic combination (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum) concomitantly with a psychotropic (aripiprazole) had a protective effect by attenuating the decline of microbiota composition and increasing the concentrations of SCFA. These findings provide evidence that psychotropics, through their antimicrobial effect, have the potential to alter the human gut microbiota composition and metabolism, while probiotics can mitigate the related dysbiosis.
Is the EMI model a QFT? An inquiry on the space of allowed entropy functions
Creators: name: Agón, César A.
name: Bueno, Pablo
name: Casini, Horacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mutual information $I(A,B)$ of pairs of spatially separated regions satisfies, for any $d$-dimensional CFT, a set of structural physical properties such as positivity, monotonicity, clustering, or Poincaré invariance, among others. If one imposes the extra requirement that $I(A,B)$ is extensive as a function of its arguments (so that the tripartite information vanishes for any set of regions, $I_3(A,B,C)\equiv 0$), a closed geometric formula involving integrals over $\partial A$ and $\partial B$ can be obtained. We explore whether this "Extensive Mutual Information" model (EMI), which in fact describes a free fermion in $d=2$, may similarly correspond to an actual CFT in general dimensions. Using the long-distance behavior of $I_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle EMI}(A,B)$ we show that, if it did, it would necessarily include a free fermion, but also that additional operators would have to be present in the model. Remarkably, we find that $I_{\rm \scriptscriptstyle EMI}(A,B)$ for two arbitrarily boosted spheres in general $d$ exactly matches the result for the free fermion current conformal block $G^d_{Δ=(d-1),J=1}$. On the other hand, a detailed analysis of the subleading contribution in the long-distance regime rules out the possibility that the EMI formula represents the mutual information of any actual CFT or even any limit of CFTs. These results make manifest the incompleteness of the set of known constraints required to describe the space of allowed entropy functions in QFT.
description: 46 pages
Soft supersymmetry breaking terms from A4 lepton flavor symmetry
Creators: name: Ishimori, Hajime
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Omura, Yuji
name: Tanimoto, Morimitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the supersymmetric model with the A4 lepton flavor symmetry, in particular soft supersymmetry breaking terms, which are predicted from the A4 lepton flavor symmetry. We evaluate soft slepton masses and A-terms within the framework of supergravity theory. Constraints due to experiments of flavor changing neutral current processes are examined.
description: minor modification, 17pages
Modelling Oxygen Permeability Through Top Coat and Thermally Grown Oxide in Dense Yb2Si2O7 Environmental Barrier Coatings
Creators: name: Singh, Sonia
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2021
Subjects: Oxygen permeability
Thermally grown oxide
Top coat
ytterbium disilicate
Environmental barrier coatings

description: Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are multi-layered systems used to protect hot section components of advanced gas turbine engines from aggressive environments. The state-of-art EBC system consists of a top coat and a bond coat applied on a ceramic substrate. While Ytterbium disilicate (YbDS) is the most used top coat material, Si or SiC are often preferred for the bond coat. During operation, a continuous influx of oxidants through the top coat often leads to reaction with the bond coat to form an additional silica (SiO2) layer called thermally grown oxide (TGO). The growth kinetics of the TGO significantly affects the durability of EBCs. At a critical TGO thickness, the growth stresses exceed the SiO2-bond coat interface strength, resulting in EBC spallation, exposure of the substrate, and eventual failure of the system. The oxidant permeation is a key determinant of the TGO growth kinetics. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the oxidant diffusion through the EBC system using physics-based and numerical modelling. The oxygen permeability constants for YbDS top coat and TGO are systematically evaluated and quantified in terms of thermodynamics using defect reactions and the parabolic rate constant (kp), respectively. Dry and wet oxygen conditions as well as different temperatures, partial pressures and top coat modifiers are investigated. The results offer evidence that the oxygen permeability constant for the YbDS top coat is an order of magnitude higher than for the TGO. As such, the TGO hinders the oxidant diffusion stronger, proving to be the diffusion rate controlling layer. Moreover, water vapor strongly increases the oxidant permeation with defect reactions playing a key role. It is suggested that the mass transfer through the top coat is primarily by outward ytterbium ion diffusion and inward oxygen ion movement, with the latter being dominant, particularly in wet environments. The effect of top coat modifiers on oxidant permeation is composition sensitive and seems to be related to their interaction with oxygen ions and their mobility.
Charmless B decays to a scalar meson and a vector meson
Creators: name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Chua, Chun-Khiang
name: Yang, Kwei-Chou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hadronic charmless B decays into a scalar meson and a vector meson are studied within the framework of QCD factorization. The main results are: (i) The decay rates for the $f_0(980)K^{*-}$ and $f_0(980)\ov K^{*0}$ modes depend on the $f_0-σ$ mixing angle $θ$. The experimental measurements can be accommodated for $θ\approx 20^\circ$. (ii) If the $a_0(980)$ is a $q\bar q$ bound state, the predicted branching ratios for the channels $a_0^+ρ^-$ and $a_0^0ρ^-$ will be very large, of order $30\times 10^{-6}$ and $23\times 10^{-6}$, respectively. If the observation of or the experimental limit on theses two modes is much smaller than the expectation of $\sim 25\times 10^{-6}$, this could hint at a four-quark nature for the $a_0(980)$. (iii) For the $a_0(1450)$ channels, $a_0^+(1450)ρ^-$ and $a_0^0(1450)ρ^-$ are found to have branching ratios of order $16\times 10^{-6}$ and $22\times 10^{-6}$, respectively. A measurement of them at the predicted level will favor the $q\bar q$ structure for the $a_0(1450)$. (iv) Contrary to the naive expectation that $Γ(B^-\to a_0^0ρ^-)\sim {1\over 2}Γ(\bar B^0\to a_0^+ρ^-)$, we found that they have comparable rates due to additional contributions to the $a_0ρ^-$ mode from the $a_0^0$ emission. (v) The predicted central value of $Br(\bar B^0\to\ov K^{*0}_0(1430)ϕ)$ is larger than experiment, though it can be accommodated within theoretical errors. The decays $B\to K^{*}_0(1430)ρ$ are expected to have rates substantially larger than that of $B\to K^{*}_0(1430)π$ owing to the constructive (destructive) interference between the $a_4$ and $a_6$ penguin terms in the former (latter). Experimentally, it is thus important to check if the $B\to K^{*}_0ρ$ modes are enhanced relative to the corresponding $K_0^*π$ channels.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
LeafsnapNet: an experimentally evolved deep learning model for recognition of plant species based on Leafsnap image dataset
Creators: name: Adetiba, Emmanuel
name: Ajayi, Oluwaseun T.
name: Kala, Jules R.
name: Badejo, Joke A.
name: Abayomi, Abdultaofeek
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Plants are very important living organisms on earth because humans and animals depend on them for nutrition, oxygen, medicine and balance in the ecosystem. Therefore, plant species recognition is critical to the improvement of agricultural productivity, mitigation of climate change and the discovery of new medicinal plants. However, species recognition has remained a difficult task even for trained botanists, because using the traditional approaches, an expert on a specie may be unfamiliar with others. Thus, researchers and practitioners are increasingly interested in the automation of species recognition problem. Recently, deep learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have provided huge breakthroughs in various computer vision tasks compared to their shallow predecessors. Deep learning automates features extraction by learning salient representations of the data and subsequently classifies the features using a supervised learning approach. Inspired by this capability, we leveraged on five pre-trained CNN models and Leafsnap image dataset of 185 plant species to experimentally evolve an accurate species recognition model in this study. Among the pre-trained models, MobileNetV2 with ADAM optimizer gave the highest testing accuracy of 92.33%. This result provides a basis for developing a mobile app for automated species recognition on the field. This will augment existing efforts to alleviate the difficulties of manual species recognition by botanists, farmers, biologists, nature tourists as well as conservationists.
Cavities Observed in PV Modules, Induced by the "Tabbing and Stringing" Process
Creators: name: Pilat, E.
name: Maris-Froelich, A.
name: Hidalgo, M.
name: Richard, I.
name: Paillet, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3000-3005
description: A major cause of failure in PV modules is related to the penetration and retention of moisture inside the
module. The presence of moisture generates corrosion on metallic contacts or accelerates the molecular degradation of
the encapsulant, causing a loss of transparency and in some cases the emergence of yellowness. This penetration may be
intrinsic to the resin itself, but most often it will occur at the interfaces. As a consequence, the adhesion of the resin onto
glass, metallization, cell, and back-sheet surfaces may be affected. Until now, engineers, involved in the assembly of «Pv
modules", used to link adhesion degradation problems issues with bad storage conditions of the polymeric materials,
especially the encapsulation resin and the back sheet. For instance, it is well known that if EVA encapsulant films are
kept too long under uncontrolled storage temperatures, their adhesion properties may vary, increasing the chances to get
weak adhesion values with respect to the glass front sheet.
In this paper we discuss another cause which has not been studied yet by the specialists. We show that the welding of
copper strips can induce residues which prevent the suitable adhesion of the resin, and, as a consequence, generate
delamination. This phenomenon is identified by “spots” along the bus-bars after lamination. Our study highlights the
possible consequences of these defects on the module’s performance [1], after thermal cycling and damp heat testing.
This presentation also gives recommendations on how to choose the adequate solder flux and how to optimize the
soldering process, in order to keep a good control on potential delamination problems.
The Potential Market Stimulation for Solar Energy Products: Leveraging the Power of Residential Buyer Behavior
Creators: name: Richmond, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Barriers

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4707-4711
description: Too often, we develop our globalization policies around the context of "alternative energy sources are good for you." This causes consumers and potential users of solar energy to frame their vision of the product as "It's similar to broccoli." We subliminally tell our potential customers: "Solar energy is good for you; you should want it, even though you may not like the taste." However, the market response to this approach is resistant. The failure of
worldwide consumers to spontaneously adopt a solar energy paradigm causes us to search for governmental incentives. Rather than leverage the power of capital markets, we beg for governmental intervention. This work studies the response of potential buyers for solar products in the U.S. market. Its purpose is to find the buyer motivation that will tip the scale of incentives toward a capitalist model of technology adoption. The work surveys and interprets selected market segments for preferences and triggering events. It proposes an adoption model that
leverages consumer motivation and identifies the role of governing policies to stimulate market growth.
The Influence of Annealing and Firing Condition on the Defect of Aluminum Oxide Passivation Layer for Crystalline Silicon Wafer
Creators: name: Wang, T.-Y.
name: Liu, C.C.
name: Hon, C.-H.
name: Du, C.-H.
name: Kung, C.-Y.
name: Chen, S.-W.
name: Lue, J.-L.
name: Li, C.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1714-1716
description: Defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries generally govern the efficiency of silicon-based solar
cells. The use of a proper passivation layer can substantially increase the energy conversion efficiency. In this study,
we combined Al2O3 and nitric acidificated SiOx as the bi-layer to passivate the silicon surface, it was expected that
three different passivation effects, hydrogen bonding, reducing interface states, and negative field effect can be
combined together to reach the maximum passivation effect. By optimizing the thickness of passivation layer and
annealing condition, the minority carrier lifetime of p-type single crystalline Czchroloski wafer could be improved
from 10 μs to 190 μs. Hillock defects on the passivation surface were observed after thermal annealing. The
formation and variation of hillock defect on passivation layer was founded to be affected by the thermal annealing
temperature. For the purpose of obtaining high minority carrier lifetime and low hillock defect density
simultaneously, using a lower heating and cooling speed in thermal annealing process was suggested.
Jets, disc-winds and oscillations in general relativistic, magnetically driven flows around black hole
Creators: name: Dihingia, Indu K.
name: Vaidya, Bhargav
name: Fendt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic jets and disc-winds are typically observed in BH-XRBs and AGNs. However, many physical details of jet launching and the driving of disc winds from the underlying accretion disc are still not fully understood. In this study, we further investigate the role of the magnetic field strength and structure in launching jets and disc winds. In particular, we explore the connection between jet, wind, and the accretion disc around the central black hole. We perform axisymmetric GRMHD simulations of the accretion-ejection system using adaptive mesh refinement. Essentially, our simulations are initiated with a thin accretion disc in equilibrium. An extensive parametric study by choosing different combinations of magnetic field strength and initial magnetic field inclination is also performed. Our study finds relativistic jets driven by the Blandford \& Znajek (BZ) mechanism and the disc-wind driven by the Blandford \& Payne (BP) mechanism. We also find that plasmoids are formed due to the reconnection events, and these plasmoids advect with disc-winds. As a result, the tension force due to the poloidal magnetic field is enhanced in the inner part of the accretion disc, resulting in disc truncation and oscillation. These oscillations result in flaring activities in the jet mass flow rates. We find simulation runs with a lower value of the plasma-$β$, and lower inclination angle parameters are more prone to the formation of plasmoids and subsequent inner disc oscillations. Our models provide a possible template to understand spectral state transition phenomena in BH-XRBs.
description: 21 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Genome-wide mutational signatures revealed distinct developmental paths for human B-cell lymphomas
Creators: name: Zhang, huilai
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2021
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Raw sequence reads
Genome sequencing
Assembly
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Variation
Monoisolate
Medical

description: Both somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) are initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Dysregulation of these processes has been linked to B-cell lymphomagenesis. Here we performed an in-depth analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) genomes. We characterized seven genomic mutational signatures, including two B-cell tumor-specific signatures, one of which is novel and associated with aberrant SHM. We further identified two major mutational signatures (K1 and K2) of clustered mutations (kataegis) resulting from the activities of AID or error-prone DNA polymerase η, respectively. The K1 signature was associated with the immunoglobulin (Ig) switch region mutations/translocations and the ABC subtype of DLBCL, whereas the K2 signature was related to the Ig variable region mutations and the GCB subtype of DLBCL and FL. Thus, alterations associated with aberrant CSR and SHM activities can be linked to distinct developmental paths for different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas.
Molecular motion in cell membranes: analytic study of fence-hindered random walks
Creators: name: Kenkre, V. M.
name: Giuggioli, L.
name: Kalay, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A theoretical calculation is presented to describe the confined motion of transmembrane molecules in cell membranes. The study is analytic, based on Master equations for the probability of the molecules moving as random walkers, and leads to explicit usable solutions including expressions for the molecular mean square displacement and effective diffusion constants. One outcome is a detailed understanding of the dependence of the time variation of the mean square displacement on the initial placement of the molecule within the confined region. How to use the calculations is illustrated by extracting (confinement) compartment sizes from experimentally reported published observations from single particle tracking experiments on the diffusion of gold-tagged G-protein coupled mu-opioid receptors in the normal rat kidney cell membrane, and by further comparing the analytical results to observations on the diffusion of phospholipids, also in normal rat kidney cells.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures