cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Casimir-Polder Interaction for a Conducting Cone
Creators: name: Graham, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the formulation of the electromagnetic Green's function of a perfectly conducting cone in terms of analytically continued angular momentum, we compute the Casimir-Polder interaction energy of the cone with a polarizable particle. We introduce this formalism by first reviewing the analogous approach for a perfectly conducting wedge, and then demonstrate the calculation through numerical evaluation of the resulting integrals.
description: 8 pages, 3 .eps figures; v2: fixed typos and formatting, added clarifications, references, and new section on anisotropic dipole; version to appear in "75 Years of the Casimir Effect" special issue
The star-formation history of mass-selected galaxies from the VIDEO survey
Creators: name: Zwart, Jonathan T. L.
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Deane, Roger P.
name: Bonfield, David G.
name: Knowles, Kenda
name: Madhanpall, Nikhita
name: Rahmani, Hadi
name: Smith, Daniel J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure star-formation rates (SFRs) and specific SFRs (SSFRs) of Ks-selected galaxies from the VIDEO survey by stacking 1.4-GHz Very Large Array data. We split the sample, which spans 0 < z < 3 and stellar masses 10**8.0 < Mstellar/Msol < 10**11.5, into elliptical, irregular or starburst galaxies based on their spectral-energy distributions. We find that SSFR falls with stellar mass, in agreement with the `downsizing' paradigm. We consider the dependence of the SSFR-mass slope on redshift: for our full and elliptical samples the slope flattens, but for the irregular and starburst samples the slope is independent of redshift. The rate of SSFR evolution reduces slightly with stellar mass for ellipticals, but irregulars and starbursts co-evolve across stellar masses. Our results for SSFR as a function of stellar mass and redshift are in agreement with those derived from other radio-stacking measurements of mass-selected passive and star-forming galaxies, but inconsistent with those generated from semi-analytic models, which tend to underestimate SFRs and SSFRs. There is a need for deeper high-resolution radio surveys such as those from telescopes like the next-generation MeerKAT in order to probe lower masses at earlier times and to permit direct detections, i.e. to study individual galaxies in detail.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Heuristic Approach for Dual Expert/End-User Evaluation of Guidance in Visual Analytics
Creators: name: Ceneda, Davide
name: Collins, Christopher
name: El-Assady, Mennatallah
name: Miksch, Silvia
name: Tominski, Christian
name: Arleo, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Guidance can support users during the exploration and analysis of complex data. Previous research focused on characterizing the theoretical aspects of guidance in visual analytics and implementing guidance in different scenarios. However, the evaluation of guidance-enhanced visual analytics solutions remains an open research question. We tackle this question by introducing and validating a practical evaluation methodology for guidance in visual analytics. We identify eight quality criteria to be fulfilled and collect expert feedback on their validity. To facilitate actual evaluation studies, we derive two sets of heuristics. The first set targets heuristic evaluations conducted by expert evaluators. The second set facilitates end-user studies where participants actually use a guidance-enhanced system. By following such a dual approach, the different quality criteria of guidance can be examined from two different perspectives, enhancing the overall value of evaluation studies. To test the practical utility of our methodology, we employ it in two studies to gain insight into the quality of two guidance-enhanced visual analytics solutions, one being a work-in-progress research prototype, and the other being a publicly available visualization recommender system. Based on these two evaluations, we derive good practices for conducting evaluations of guidance in visual analytics and identify pitfalls to be avoided during such studies.
description: Accepted to IEEE VIS 2023
On intrinsic ergodicity of factors of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ subshifts
Creators: name: McGoff, Kevin
name: Pavlov, Ronnie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B50

description: It is well-known that any $\mathbb{Z}$ subshift with the specification property has the property that every factor is intrinsically ergodic, i.e., every factor has a unique factor of maximal entropy. In recent work, other $\mathbb{Z}$ subshifts have been shown to possess this property as well, including $β$-shifts and a class of $S$-gap shifts. We give two results that show that the situation for $\mathbb{Z}^d$ subshifts with $d >1 $ is quite different. First, for any $d>1$, we show that any $\mathbb{Z}^d$ subshift possessing a certain mixing property must have a factor with positive entropy which is not intrinsically ergodic. In particular, this shows that for $d>1$, $\mathbb{Z}^d$ subshifts with specification cannot have all factors intrinsically ergodic. We also give an example of a $\mathbb{Z}^2$ shift of finite type, introduced by Hochman, which is not even topologically mixing, but for which every positive entropy factor is intrinsically ergodic.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Cotton Production and Farm Income Estimates under Selected Alternative Farm Programs
Creators: name: Strickland, P. L.
name: Brown, W. H.
name: McArthur, W. C.
name: Pawson, W. W.
name: Strickland, P. L.
name: Brown, W. H.
name: McArthur, W. C.
name: Pawson, W. W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agricultural policies
subject: agricultural programs
subject: cotton
subject: supply response
subject: support payments
subject: price support payments
subject: acreage allotments
subject: marketing quotas
subject: farm income
subject: Government costs
subject: subsidies
subject: linear programming

description: Alternative farm programs for cotton were examined for their effect on acreage and production of cotton and other crops in the Cotton Belt, farm income there, and Government costs. A moderate reduction in the market price of cotton would have little effect on production of cotton or other crops if support payments were made as in 1969. If cotton support payments and marketing quotas were removed, cotton acreage would be reduced 18 to 50 percent below estimates based on a continuation of the 1969 farm program, depending on the price for cotton. Acreage of feed grains, wheat, and soybeans would increase. Government costs would be greatly reduced, but farm income over variable costs would decline 22 to 31 percent. Increasing support payments would increase cotton production. With no production restrictions, and with support payments at 10 to 14 cents per pound on 8 million acres, approximately the same quantity of cotton would be produced as with a continuation of the 1969 program, but at substantially lower Government costs.
Cold dark matter heats up
Creators: name: Pontzen, Andrew
name: Governato, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the principal discoveries in modern cosmology is that standard model particles (including baryons, leptons and photons) together comprise only 5% of the mass-energy budget of the Universe. The remaining 95% consists of dark energy and dark matter (DM). Consequently our picture of the universe is known as ΛCDM, with Λ denoting dark energy and CDM cold dark matter. ΛCDM is being challenged by its apparent inability to explain the low density of DM measured at the centre of cosmological systems, ranging from faint dwarf galaxies to massive clusters containing tens of galaxies the size of the Milky Way. But before making conclusions one should carefully include the effect of gas and stars, which were historically seen as merely a passive component during the assembly of galaxies. We now understand that these can in fact significantly alter the DM component, through a coupling based on rapid gravitational potential fluctuations.
description: Draft review as submitted to Nature on 1 Oct 2013. Accepted version scheduled for publication on 13 Feb 2014. In accordance with Nature policies, the accepted version cannot be posted until 13 Sep 2014
The ten months in the primitive Roman calendar
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Roman calendar
Chronology
Romulian year
Rome
Ancient Rome
Pandette

description: This discussion is concerning the literature about the number of months in the primitive Roman calendar, which, according to the myth, was stated by Romulus. It could have been made of ten months or of twelve. But, this is not the only concern of the propose discussion. The aim is also that of noting an interesting fact about the mourning for widows, which in origin was of ten months, then changed into twelve months.
Helicity dependent cross sections for the photoproduction of $π^0π^{\pm}$ pairs from quasi-free nucleons
Creators: name: A2 Collaboration
name: Ghosal, D.
name: Sokhoyan, V.
name: Fix, A.
name: Lutterer, S.
name: Abt, S.
name: Achenbach, P.
name: Afzal, F.
name: Ahmed, Z.
name: Annand, J. R. M.
name: Bashkanov, M.
name: Beck, R.
name: Biroth, M.
name: Borisov, N.
name: Braghieri, A.
name: Briscoe, W. J.
name: Cividini, F.
name: Collicot, C.
name: Costanza, S.
name: Denig, A.
name: Dieterle, M.
name: Dolzhikov, A. S.
name: Downie, E. J.
name: Drexler, P.
name: Fegan, S.
name: Gardner, S.
name: Glazier, D. I.
name: Gorodnov, I.
name: Gradl, W.
name: Günther, M.
name: Gurevich, D.
name: Heijkenskjöld, L.
name: Hornidge, D.
name: Huber, G. M.
name: Jermann, N.
name: Käser, A.
name: Kashevarov, V. L.
name: Korolija, M.
name: Krusche, B.
name: Lazarev, A.
name: Livingston, K.
name: MacGregor, I. J. D.
name: Manley, D. M.
name: Martel, P. P.
name: Meier, Ch.
name: Miskimen, R.
name: Mocanu, M.
name: Mornacchi, E.
name: Mullen, C.
name: Neganov, A.
name: Neiser, A.
name: Ostrick, M.
name: Otte, P.
name: Paudyal, D.
name: Pedroni, P.
name: Powell, A.
name: Reicherz, G.
name: Rostomyan, T.
name: Spieker, K.
name: Steffen, O.
name: Strakovsky, I. I.
name: Thiel, A.
name: Thiel, M.
name: Thomas, A.
name: Unverzagt, M.
name: Usov, Yu. A.
name: Wagner, S.
name: Walford, N. K.
name: Watts, D. P.
name: Werthmüller, D.
name: Wettig, J.
name: Witthauer, L.
name: Wolfes, M.
name: Zachariou, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoproduction of $π^0π^{\pm}$-pairs from quasifree nucleons bound in the deuteron has been investigated to study the helicity dependence of this reaction. Measurements with a liquid deuterium target were used to extract the unpolarized cross sections for reactions on protons and neutrons. A deuterated, longitudinally polarized solid-butanol target, together with a circularly polarized photon beam, determined the double polarization observable $E$. From these results the spin-dependent cross sections $σ_{1/2}$ and $σ_{3/2}$, corresponding to the anti-parallel and parallel spin configurations of the beam photon and target nucleon, have been derived. The measurements were performed at the Mainz MAMI accelerator with tagged, circularly-polarized photon beams produced via bremsstrahlung from longitudinally polarized electron beams. The reaction products were detected with an almost $4π$ solid-angle covering calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors, supplemented by plastic scintillation detectors for charged particle identification. The results are sensitive to sequential decays of nucleon resonances via intermediate states and also to the decay of nucleon resonances by emission of charged $ρ$ mesons, and are compared to recent model results.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Li dynamics in carbon-rich polymer-derived SiCN ceramics probed by nuclear magnetic resonance
Creators: name: Baek, Seung-Ho
name: Reinold, Lukas Mirko
name: Graczyk-Zajac, Magdelena
name: Riedel, Ralf
name: Hammerath, Franziska
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Grafe, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report $^{7}$Li, $^{29}$Si, and $^{13}$C NMR studies of two different carbon-rich SiCN ceramics SiCN-1 and SiCN-3 derived from the preceramic polymers polyphenylvinylsilylcarbodiimide and polyphenylvinylsilazane, respectively. From the spectral analysis of the three nuclei at room temperature, we find that only the $^{13}$C spectrum is strongly influenced by Li insertion/extraction, suggesting that carbon phases are the major electrochemically active sites for Li storage. Temperature and Larmor frequency ($ω_L$) dependences of the $^7$Li linewidth and spin-lattice relaxation rates $T_1^{-1}$ are described by an activated law with the activation energy $E_A$ of 0.31 eV and the correlation time $τ_0$ in the high temperature limit of 1.3 ps. The $3/2$ power law dependence of $T_1^{-1}$ on $ω_L$ which deviates from the standard Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound (BPP) model implies that the Li motion on the $μ$s timescale is governed by continuum diffusion mechanism rather than jump diffusion. On the other hand, the rotating frame relaxation rate $T_{1ρ}^{-1}$ results suggest that the slow motion of Li on the ms timescale may be affected by complex diffusion and/or non-diffusion processes.
description: 28 pages with double line spacing, 7 figures and 2 tables, accepted version in Journal of Power Sources
Semidiscrete optical vortex droplets in quasi-phase-matched photonic crystals
Creators: name: Xu, Xiaoxi
name: Zhao, Feiyan
name: Huang, Jiayao
name: Xiang, Hehe
name: Zhang, Li
name: Chen, Zhaopin
name: Nie, Zhongquan
name: Malomed, Boris A
name: Li, Yongyao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new scheme for producing semidiscrete self-trapped vortices (\textquotedblleft swirling photon droplets\textquotedblright ) in photonic crystals with competing quadratic ($χ^{(2)}$) and self-defocusing cubic ($χ^{(3)}$) nonlinearities is proposed. The photonic crystal is designed with a striped structure, in the form of spatially periodic modulation of the $χ^{(2)}$ susceptibility, which is imposed by the quasi-phase-matching technique. Unlike previous realizations of semidiscrete optical modes in composite media, built as combinations of continuous and arrayed discrete waveguides, the semidiscrete vortex droplets are produced here in the fully continuous medium. This work reveals that the system supports two types of semidiscrete vortex droplets, \textit{viz}., onsite- and intersite-centered ones, which feature, respectively, odd and even numbers of stripes, $\mathcal{N}$. Stability areas for the states with different values of $\mathcal{N}$ are identified in the system's parameter space. Some stability areas overlap with each others, giving rise to multistability of states with different $\mathcal{N}$. The coexisting states are mutually degenerate, featuring equal values of the Hamiltonian and propagation constant. An experimental scheme to realize the droplets is outlined, suggesting new possibilities for the long-distance transmission of structured light carrying orbital angular momentum in nonlinear media.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, and 76 references
Feasibility Studies for the Detection of $O_2$ in an Earth-like Exoplanet
Creators: name: Rodler, Florian
name: Lopez-Morales, Mercedes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of simulations on the detectability of $O_2$ in the atmosphere of Earth twins around nearby low mass stars using high resolution transmission spectroscopy. We explore such detectability with each of the three upcoming Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), i.e. GMT, TMT and E-ELT, and high resolution spectrographs, assuming such instruments will be available in all ELTs. With these simulations we extend previous studies by taking into account atmospheric refraction in the transmission spectrum of the exo-Earth and observational white and red noise contributions. Our studies reveal that the number of transits necessary to detect the $O_2$ in the atmosphere of an Earth twin around M-dwarfs is by far higher than the number of transits estimated by Snellen et al. (2013). In addition, our simulations show that, when accounting for typical noise levels associated to observations in the optical and near-infrared, the $O_2$ A-band at 760 nm is more favorable to detect the exoplanetary signal than the $O_2$ band at 1268 nm for all the spectral types, except M9V. We conclude that, unless unpredicted instrumental limitations arise, the implementation of pre-slit optics such as image slicers appear to be key to significantly improve the yield of this particular science case. However, even in the most optimistic cases, we conclude that the detection of $O_2$ in the atmosphere of an Earth twin will be only feasible with the ELTs if the planet is orbiting a bright close-by (d $\le$ 8 pc) M-dwarf with a spectral type later than M3.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Diffusion Variational Autoencoder for Tackling Stochasticity in Multi-Step Regression Stock Price Prediction
Creators: name: Koa, Kelvin J. L.
name: Ma, Yunshan
name: Ng, Ritchie
name: Chua, Tat-Seng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-step stock price prediction over a long-term horizon is crucial for forecasting its volatility, allowing financial institutions to price and hedge derivatives, and banks to quantify the risk in their trading books. Additionally, most financial regulators also require a liquidity horizon of several days for institutional investors to exit their risky assets, in order to not materially affect market prices. However, the task of multi-step stock price prediction is challenging, given the highly stochastic nature of stock data. Current solutions to tackle this problem are mostly designed for single-step, classification-based predictions, and are limited to low representation expressiveness. The problem also gets progressively harder with the introduction of the target price sequence, which also contains stochastic noise and reduces generalizability at test-time. To tackle these issues, we combine a deep hierarchical variational-autoencoder (VAE) and diffusion probabilistic techniques to do seq2seq stock prediction through a stochastic generative process. The hierarchical VAE allows us to learn the complex and low-level latent variables for stock prediction, while the diffusion probabilistic model trains the predictor to handle stock price stochasticity by progressively adding random noise to the stock data. Our Diffusion-VAE (D-Va) model is shown to outperform state-of-the-art solutions in terms of its prediction accuracy and variance. More importantly, the multi-step outputs can also allow us to form a stock portfolio over the prediction length. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model outputs in the portfolio investment task through the Sharpe ratio metric and highlight the importance of dealing with different types of prediction uncertainties.
description: CIKM 2023
Equation of state of hypernuclear matter: tuning hyperon--scalar-meson couplings
Creators: name: Colucci, Giuseppe
name: Sedrakian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss to which extent the modifications of the hyperon--scalar-meson coupling constants affect the equation of state (EoS) hypernuclear matter. The study is carried out within a relativistic density functional theory. The nucleonic matter is described in terms of a density-dependent parametrization of nucleon-meson couplings, whereas the hyperon--meson couplings are deduced from the octet model. We identify the parameter space of hyperon-meson couplings for which massive stellar configurations with $M\le 2.25 M_{\odot}$ exist. We also discuss the EoS at finite temperatures with and without of a trapped neutrino component and show that neutrinos stiffen the EoS and change qualitatively the composition of stellar matter.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of International Conference on "The Modern Physics of Compact Stars and Relativistic Gravity", 18-21 September 2013, Yerevan, Armenia
The ten months in the primitive Roman calendar
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Roman calendar
Chronology

description: This discussion is concerning the literature about the number of months in the primitive Roman calendar, which, according to the myth, was stated by Romulus. It could have been made of ten months or of twelve. But, this is not the only concern of the discussion. The aim is also that of noting an interesting fact about the mourning for widows, which in origin was of ten months, then changed into twelve months.
Breakdown of the drift-diffusion model for transverse spin transport in a disordered Pt film
Creators: name: Belashchenko, K. D.
name: Flores, G. G. Baez
name: Fang, W.
name: Kovalev, A. A.
name: van Schilfgaarde, M.
name: Haney, P. M.
name: Stiles, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin accumulation and spin current profiles are calculated for a disordered Pt film subjected to an in-plane electric current within the nonequilibrium Green function approach. In the bulklike region of the sample, this approach captures the intrinsic spin Hall effect found in other calculations. Near the surfaces, the results reveal qualitative differences with the results of the widely used spin-diffusion model, even when the boundary conditions are modified to try to account for them. One difference is that the effective spin-diffusion length for transverse spin transport is significantly different from its longitudinal counterpart and is instead similar to the mean-free path. This feature may be generic for spin currents generated via the intrinsic spin-Hall mechanism because of the differences in transport mechanisms compared to longitudinal spin transport. Orbital accumulation in the Pt film is only significant in the immediate vicinity of the surfaces and has a small component penetrating into the bulk only in the presence of spin-orbit coupling, as a secondary effect induced by the spin accumulation.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, includes revisions after peer review
Clues To The Nature of SN 2009ip from Photometric and Spectroscopic Evolution to Late Times
Creators: name: Graham, M. L.
name: Sand, D. J.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: Parrent, J.
name: Halford, M.
name: Zaritsky, D.
name: Bianco, F.
name: Rest, A.
name: Dilday, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time series photometric and spectroscopic data for the transient SN 2009ip from the start of its outburst in September 2012 until November 2013. This data was collected primarily with the new robotic capabilities of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, a specialized facility for time domain astrophysics, and includes supporting high-resolution spectroscopy from the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, Kitt Peak National Observatory, and Gemini Observatory. Based on our nightly photometric monitoring, we interpret the strength and timing of fluctuations in the light curve as interactions between fast-moving ejecta and an inhomogeneous CSM produced by past eruptions of this massive luminous blue variable (LBV) star. Our time series of spectroscopy in 2012 reveals that, as the continuum and narrow H-alpha flux from CSM interactions declines, the broad component of H-alpha persists with SN-like velocities that are not typically seen in LBVs or SN Impostor events. At late times we find that SN 2009ip continues to decline slowly, at <0.01 magnitudes per day, with small fluctuations in slope similar to Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) or SN impostors, but no further LBV-like activity. The late time spectrum features broad calcium lines similar to both late time SNe and SN Impostors. In general, we find that the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of SN 2009ip is more similar to SNe IIn than either continued eruptions of an LBV star or SN Impostors. In this context, we discuss the implications for episodic mass loss during the late stages of massive star evolution.
description: 17 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables; submitted to ApJ
Economic Models for Cotton Ginning
Creators: name: Looney, Zolon M.
name: Wilmot, Charles A.
name: Looney, Zolon M.
name: Wilmot, Charles A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Cotton ginning
subject: economic-engineering model
subject: capacity
subject: economies of scale
subject: gin operating costs

description: As plant size increases, operating costs per bale decline, revealing economies of scale in ginning throughout the range of gin sizes studied. This and other findings were noted in an analysis of capital investment requirements and operating costs for 10 ginning models ranging in hourly rated capacities from 6 to 36 bales. Seed cotton assembly, traditionally a producer- borne cost, could be an obstacle to the successful establishment and operation of a 36-bale gin--which was determined to be the optimal size--because of the greater hauling distances involved. The analysis shows, however, that with a uniform area ginning charge and other seemingly realistic assumptions, a 36-bale gin could either absorb the assembly cost or take over the assembly function completely and still compete favorably with smaller plants able to furnish only the ginning service.
Multi-label ensemble based on variable pairwise constraint projection
Creators: name: Li, Ping
name: Li, Hong
name: Wu, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: Multi-label classification has attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years. To this end, many algorithms have been developed to classify multi-label data in an effective manner. However, they usually do not consider the pairwise relations indicated by sample labels, which actually play important roles in multi-label classification. Inspired by this, we naturally extend the traditional pairwise constraints to the multi-label scenario via a flexible thresholding scheme. Moreover, to improve the generalization ability of the classifier, we adopt a boosting-like strategy to construct a multi-label ensemble from a group of base classifiers. To achieve these goals, this paper presents a novel multi-label classification framework named Variable Pairwise Constraint projection for Multi-label Ensemble (VPCME). Specifically, we take advantage of the variable pairwise constraint projection to learn a lower-dimensional data representation, which preserves the correlations between samples and labels. Thereafter, the base classifiers are trained in the new data space. For the boosting-like strategy, we employ both the variable pairwise constraints and the bootstrap steps to diversify the base classifiers. Empirical studies have shown the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with other approaches.
description: 19 pages,5 tables, 2 figures; Published with Information Sciences (INS)
Advancing Personalized Federated Learning: Group Privacy, Fairness, and Beyond
Creators: name: Galli, Filippo
name: Jung, Kangsoo
name: Biswas, Sayan
name: Palamidessi, Catuscia
name: Cucinotta, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) is a framework for training machine learning models in a distributed and collaborative manner. During training, a set of participating clients process their data stored locally, sharing only the model updates obtained by minimizing a cost function over their local inputs. FL was proposed as a stepping-stone towards privacy-preserving machine learning, but it has been shown vulnerable to issues such as leakage of private information, lack of personalization of the model, and the possibility of having a trained model that is fairer to some groups than to others. In this paper, we address the triadic interaction among personalization, privacy guarantees, and fairness attained by models trained within the FL framework. Differential privacy and its variants have been studied and applied as cutting-edge standards for providing formal privacy guarantees. However, clients in FL often hold very diverse datasets representing heterogeneous communities, making it important to protect their sensitive information while still ensuring that the trained model upholds the aspect of fairness for the users. To attain this objective, a method is put forth that introduces group privacy assurances through the utilization of $d$-privacy (aka metric privacy). $d$-privacy represents a localized form of differential privacy that relies on a metric-oriented obfuscation approach to maintain the original data's topological distribution. This method, besides enabling personalized model training in a federated approach and providing formal privacy guarantees, possesses significantly better group fairness measured under a variety of standard metrics than a global model trained within a classical FL template. Theoretical justifications for the applicability are provided, as well as experimental validation on real-world datasets to illustrate the working of the proposed method.
The architecture of the LkCa 15 transitional disk revealed by high-contrast imaging
Creators: name: Thalmann, C.
name: Mulders, G. D.
name: Hodapp, K.
name: Janson, M.
name: Grady, C. A.
name: Min, M.
name: Ovelar, M. de Juan
name: Carson, J.
name: Brandt, T.
name: Bonnefoy, M.
name: McElwain, M. W.
name: Leisenring, J.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Henning, T.
name: Tamura, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present four new epochs of Ks-band images of the young pre-transitional disk around LkCa 15, and perform extensive forward modeling to derive the physical parameters of the disk. We find indications of strongly anisotropic scattering (Henyey-Greenstein g = 0.67 [-0.11,+0.18]) and a significantly tapered gap edge ('round wall'), but see no evidence that the inner disk, whose existence is predicted by the spectral energy distribution, shadows the outer regions of the disk visible in our images. We marginally confirm the existence of an offset between the disk center and the star along the line of nodes; however, the magnitude of this offset (x = 27 [-20,+19] mas) is notably lower than that found in our earlier H-band images (Thalmann et al. 2010). Intriguingly, we also find, at high significance, an offset of y = 69 [-25, +49] mas perpendicular to the line of nodes. If confirmed by future observations, this would imply a highly elliptical -- or otherwise asymmetric -- disk gap with an effective eccentricity of e = ~0.3. Such asymmetry would most likely be the result of dynamical sculpting by one or more unseen planets in the system. Finally, we find that the bright arc of scattered light we see in direct imaging observations originates from the near side of the disk, and appears brighter than the far side because of strong forward scattering.
description: 24 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Improving Performance of a Group of Classification Algorithms Using Resampling and Feature Selection
Creators: name: Naseriparsa, Mehdi
name: Bidgoli, Amir-masoud
name: Varaee, Touraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years the importance of finding a meaningful pattern from huge datasets has become more challenging. Data miners try to adopt innovative methods to face this problem by applying feature selection methods. In this paper we propose a new hybrid method in which we use a combination of resampling, filtering the sample domain and wrapper subset evaluation method with genetic search to reduce dimensions of Lung-Cancer dataset that we received from UCI Repository of Machine Learning databases. Finally, we apply some well- known classification algorithms (Naïve Bayes, Logistic, Multilayer Perceptron, Best First Decision Tree and JRIP) to the resulting dataset and compare the results and prediction rates before and after the application of our feature selection method on that dataset. The results show a substantial progress in the average performance of five classification algorithms simultaneously and the classification error for these classifiers decreases considerably. The experiments also show that this method outperforms other feature selection methods with a lower cost.
description: 7 pages
Media and Climate Change Observatory Monthly Summary: Humans continue to pump out planet-warming gases - Issue 73, January 2023
Creators: name: Church, Presley
name: Nacu-Schmidt, Ami
name: Katzung, Jennifer
name: Fernández-Reyes, Rogelio
name: Boykoff, Max
name: Pearman, Olivia
Publisher: name: University of Colorado Boulder
Year: 2023

description: January media coverage of climate change or global warming in newspapers around the globe dropped 1% from December 2022 but remained 24% higher than January 2022 levels. International wire services similarly decreased 6%. Radio coverage also dipped 10% from December 2022. Compared to the previous month, coverage was down in Asia (-8%), the Middle East (-8%), and Oceania (-16%). Meanwhile, coverage increased in the European Union (EU) (2%), Africa (4%), North America (7%), and Latin America (18%). Figure 1 shows trends in newspaper media coverage at the global scale – organized into seven geographical regions around the world – from January 2004 through January 2023.
Evidence for Magneto-Levitation Accretion in Long-Period X-ray Pulsars
Creators: name: Ikhsanov, Nazar
name: Beskrovnaya, Nina
name: Likh, Yury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Study of observed spin evolution of long-period X-ray pulsars challenges quasi-spherical and Keplerian disk accretion scenarios. It suggests that the magnetospheric radius of the neutron stars is substantially smaller than Alfven radius and the spin-down torque applied to the star from accreting material significantly exceeds the value predicted by the theory. We show that these problems can be avoided if the fossil magnetic field of the accretion flow itself is incorporated into the accretion model. The initially spherical flow in this case decelerates by its own magnetic field and converts into a non-Keplerian disk (magnetic slab) in which the material is confined by its intrinsic magnetic field ("levitates") and slowly moves towards the star on a diffusion timescale. Parameters of pulsars expected within this magneto-levitation accretion scenario are evaluated.
description: to appear in Proc. of 4th High Energy Phenomena in Relativistic Outflows (HEPRO IV) meeting, Heidelberg, July 23-26, 2013 (International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, 2014)
Sher 25: pulsating but apparently alone
Creators: name: Taylor, William D.
name: Evans, Christopher J.
name: Simón-Díaz, Sergio
name: Sana, Hugues
name: Langer, Norbert
name: Smith, Nathan
name: Smartt, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The blue supergiant Sher25 is surrounded by an asymmetric, hourglass-shaped circumstellar nebula, which shows similarities to the triple-ring structure seen around SN1987A. From optical spectroscopy over six consecutive nights, we detect periodic radial velocity variations in the stellar spectrum of Sher25 with a peak-to-peak amplitude of ~12 km/s on a timescale of about 6 days, confirming the tentative detec-tion of similar variations by Hendry et al. From consideration of the amplitude and timescale of the signal, coupled with observed line profile variations, we propose that the physical origin of these variations is related to pulsations in the stellar atmosphere, rejecting the previous hypothesis of a massive, short-period binary companion. The radial velocities of two other blue supergiants with similar bipolar nebulae, SBW1 and HD 168625, were also monitored over the course of six nights, but these did not display any significant radial velocity variations.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Automatic Data Transformation Using Large Language Model: An Experimental Study on Building Energy Data
Creators: name: Sharma, Ankita
name: Li, Xuanmao
name: Guan, Hong
name: Sun, Guoxin
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Wang, Lanjun
name: Wu, Kesheng
name: Cao, Lei
name: Zhu, Erkang
name: Sim, Alexander
name: Wu, Teresa
name: Zou, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing approaches to automatic data transformation are insufficient to meet the requirements in many real-world scenarios, such as the building sector. First, there is no convenient interface for domain experts to provide domain knowledge easily. Second, they require significant training data collection overheads. Third, the accuracy suffers from complicated schema changes. To bridge this gap, we present a novel approach that leverages the unique capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in coding, complex reasoning, and zero-shot learning to generate SQL code that transforms the source datasets into the target datasets. We demonstrate the viability of this approach by designing an LLM-based framework, termed SQLMorpher, which comprises a prompt generator that integrates the initial prompt with optional domain knowledge and historical patterns in external databases. It also implements an iterative prompt optimization mechanism that automatically improves the prompt based on flaw detection. The key contributions of this work include (1) pioneering an end-to-end LLM-based solution for data transformation, (2) developing a benchmark dataset of 105 real-world building energy data transformation problems, and (3) conducting an extensive empirical evaluation where our approach achieved 96% accuracy in all 105 problems. SQLMorpher demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing LLMs in complex, domain-specific challenges, highlighting the potential of their potential to drive sustainable solutions.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Circumstellar Material Ejected Violently by A Massive Star Immediately before its Death
Creators: name: Zhang, Jujia
name: Lin, Han
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Zhao, Zeyi
name: Li, Liping
name: Liu, Jialian
name: Yan, Shenyu
name: Xiang, Danfeng
name: Wang, Huijuan
name: Bai, Jinming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type II supernovae represent the most common stellar explosions in the Universe, for which the final stage evolution of their hydrogen-rich massive progenitors towards core-collapse explosion are elusive. The recent explosion of SN 2023ixf in a very nearby galaxy, Messier 101, provides a rare opportunity to explore this longstanding issue. With the timely high-cadence flash spectra taken within 1-5 days after the explosion, we can put stringent constraints on the properties of the surrounding circumstellar material around this supernova. Based on the rapid fading of the narrow emission lines and luminosity/profile of $\rm Hα$ emission at very early times, we estimate that the progenitor of SN 2023ixf lost material at a mass-loss rate $\dot{\rm M} \approx 6 \times 10^{-4}\, \rm M_{\odot}\,a^{-1}$ over the last 2-3 years before explosion. This close-by material, moving at a velocity $v_{\rm w} \approx 55\rm \, km\,s^{-1}$, accumulates a compact CSM shell at the radius smaller than $7 \times 10^{14}$ cm from the progenitor. Given the high mass-loss rate and relatively large wind velocity presented here, together with the pre-explosion observations made about two decades ago, the progenitor of SN 2023ixf could be a short-lived yellow hypergiant that evolved from a red supergiant shortly before the explosion.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures in main body, Science Bulletin (Available online 14 September 2023)
Combination of PCA with SMOTE Resampling to Boost the Prediction Rate in Lung Cancer Dataset
Creators: name: Naseriparsa, Mehdi
name: Kashani, Mohammad Mansour Riahi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Classification algorithms are unable to make reliable models on the datasets with huge sizes. These datasets contain many irrelevant and redundant features that mislead the classifiers. Furthermore, many huge datasets have imbalanced class distribution which leads to bias over majority class in the classification process. In this paper combination of unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods with resampling is proposed and the results are tested on Lung-Cancer dataset. In the first step PCA is applied on Lung-Cancer dataset to compact the dataset and eliminate irrelevant features and in the second step SMOTE resampling is carried out to balance the class distribution and increase the variety of sample domain. Finally, Naive Bayes classifier is applied on the resulting dataset and the results are compared and evaluation metrics are calculated. The experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method across four evaluation metrics: Overall accuracy, False Positive Rate, Precision, Recall.
description: 6 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1106.1813, arXiv:1001.1446 by other authors
Enoki: Stateful Distributed FaaS from Edge to Cloud
Creators: name: Pfandzelter, Tobias
name: Bermbach, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) is a promising paradigm for applications distributed across the edge-cloud continuum. FaaS functions are stateless by nature, leading to high elasticity and transparent invocation. Supporting stateful applications, however, requires integrating data storage in FaaS, which is not trivial in an edge-cloud environment. We propose Enoki, an architecture for stateful FaaS computing replicated across the edge-cloud continuum. Enoki integrates a replicated key-value store with single-node FaaS systems at edge and cloud nodes in order to provide low-latency local data access for functions without breaking the abstraction of the FaaS programming model. We evaluate Enoki with microbenchmarks on an open-source prototype and demonstrate building a stateful FaaS application with multiple functions distributed over edge and cloud.
Applications of electrostatic capacitance and charging
Creators: name: Sandu, Titus
name: Boldeiu, George
name: Moagar-Poladian, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The capacitance of an arbitrarily shaped object is calculated with the same second-kind integral equation method used for computing static and dynamic polarizabilities. The capacitance is simply the dielectric permittivity multiplied by the area of the object and divided by the squared norm of the Neumann-Poincaré operator eigenfunction corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. The norm of this eigenfunction varies slowly with shape thus enabling the definition of two scale-invariant shape factors and perturbative calculations of capacitance. The result is extended to a special class of capacitors in which the electrodes are the equipotential surfaces generated by the equilibrium charge on the object. This extention allows analytical expressions of capacitance for confocal spheroidal capacitors and finite cylinders. Moreover, a second order formula for thin constant-thickness capacitors is given with direct applications for capacitance of membranes in living cells and of supercapacitors. For axisymmetric geometries a fast and accurate numerical method is provided.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1304.6624
title: The Effect of Community Health Education on Respiratory Illnesses in Children Living in Under-Heated Homes
Creators: name: Vico, Allora
name: Estep, Daisy
name: Hamilton, Raynee
name: Melton, Ruby
name: Gelman, Zhanna
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of community health teaching focused on the importance of increasing home temperature in order to reduce respiratory symptoms and disease. Studies exists that prove that under-heated homes cause high-risk for children to develop respiratory illnesses. Our methods include a pretest-posttest which will be used to evaluate the learning of the parents. An adapted Health Belief Model survey using a standard Likert scale will also be used. Analysis will be conducted using demographic information and reported using descriptive data. Survey data will be reported using inferential data and analyzed with a matched t-test to determine if there was a change. Limits in this study are: self-reporting nature, volunteer sampling, and lack of control of extraneous variables.
An X-ray survey of the 2Jy sample. I: is there an accretion mode dichotomy in radio-loud AGN?
Creators: name: Mingo, B.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Croston, J. H.
name: Dicken, D.
name: Evans, D. A.
name: Morganti, R.
name: Tadhunter, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a systematic study of the X-ray emission from the active nuclei of the 0.02
description: 28 pages, 14 Figures, 9 tables. Accepted for publication on MNRAS