cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discovering the Compositional Structure of Vector Representations with Role Learning Networks
Creators: name: Soulos, Paul
name: McCoy, Tom
name: Linzen, Tal
name: Smolensky, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How can neural networks perform so well on compositional tasks even though they lack explicit compositional representations? We use a novel analysis technique called ROLE to show that recurrent neural networks perform well on such tasks by converging to solutions which implicitly represent symbolic structure. This method uncovers a symbolic structure which, when properly embedded in vector space, closely approximates the encodings of a standard seq2seq network trained to perform the compositional SCAN task. We verify the causal importance of the discovered symbolic structure by showing that, when we systematically manipulate hidden embeddings based on this symbolic structure, the model's output is changed in the way predicted by our analysis.
Akaike's Bayesian information criterion (ABIC) or not ABIC for geophysical inversion
Creators: name: Xu, Peiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Akaike's Bayesian information criterion (ABIC) has been widely used in geophysical inversion and beyond. However, little has been done to investigate its statistical aspects. We present an alternative derivation of the marginal distribution of measurements, whose maximization directly leads to the invention of ABIC by Akaike. We show that ABIC is to statistically estimate the variance of measurements and the prior variance by maximizing the marginal distribution of measurements. The determination of the regularization parameter on the basis of ABIC is actually equivalent to estimating the relative weighting factor between the variance of measurements and the prior variance for geophysical inverse problems. We show that if the noise level of measurements is unknown, ABIC tends to produce a substantially biased estimate of the variance of measurements. In particular, since the prior mean is generally unknown but arbitrarily treated as zero in geophysical inversion, ABIC does not produce a reasonable estimate for the prior variance either.
description: 7
Subgroup and Resistance Analyses of Raltegravir for Resistant HIV-1 Infection
Creators: name: Isaacs, Robin D.
name: Eron, Joseph E.
name: Strohmaier, Kim M.
name: Hazuda, Daria J.
name: Schechter, Mauro
name: Katlama, Christine
name: Gatell, Jose M.
name: Chen, Joshua
name: Cooper, David A.
name: Markowitz, Martin
name: Miller, Michael D.
name: Lazzarin, Adriano
name: Rockstroh, Jurgen K.
name: Killar, John A.
name: Dinubile, Mark J.
name: Teppler, Hedy
name: Steigbigel, Roy T.
name: Yeni, Patrick
name: Nessly, Michael L.
name: Lennox, Jeffrey L.
name: Loutfy, Mona R.
name: Zhao, Jing
name: Nguyen, Bach Yen
name: Ryan, Desmond M.
name: Kumar, Princy N.
name: Rhodes, Rand R.
name: Clotet, Bonaventura
name: Meibohm, Anne R.
name: Gilde, Lucinda R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of raltegravir and the development of viral resistance in two identical trials involving patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with triple-class drug resistance and in whom antiretroviral therapy had failed. METHODS We conducted subgroup analyses of the data from week 48 in both studies according to baseline prognostic factors. Genotyping of the integrase gene was performed in raltegravir recipients who had virologic failure. RESULTS Virologic responses to raltegravir were consistently superior to responses to placebo, regardless of the baseline values of HIV-1 RNA level; CD4 cell count; genotypic or phenotypic sensitivity score; use or nonuse of darunavir, enfuvirtide, or both in optimized background therapy; or demographic characteristics. Among patients in the two studies combined who were using both enfuvirtide and darunavir for the first time, HIV-1 RNA levels of less than 50 copies per milliliter were achieved in 89% of raltegravir recipients and 68% of placebo recipients. HIV-1 RNA levels of less than 50 copies per milliliter were achieved in 69% and 80% of the raltegravir recipients and in 47% and 57% of the placebo recipients using either darunavir or enfuvirtide for the first time, respectively. At 48 weeks, 105 of the 462 raltegravir recipients (23%) had virologic failure. Genotyping was performed in 94 raltegravir recipients with virologic failure. Integrase mutations known to be associated with phenotypic resistance to raltegravir arose during treatment in 64 patients (68%). Forty-eight of these 64 patients (75%) had two or more resistance-associated mutations. CONCLUSIONS When combined with an optimized background regimen in both studies, a consistently favorable treatment effect of raltegravir over placebo was shown in clinically relevant subgroups of patients, including those with baseline characteristics that typically predict a poor response to antiretroviral therapy: a high HIV-1 RNA level, low CD4 cell count, and low genotypic or phenotypic sensitivity score.
Deliverable 2.3. Innovation and Exploitation plan fully developed and IPR consortium guidelines updated
Creators: name: Soller, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: innovation, IPR, science to science, science to business, renewable energy, renewable fuels and chemicals

description: This Deliverable Report updates and details the guidelines for Intellectual Property (IP)
 management and the Innovation & Exploitation schemes for the SUNRISE partnership based on
 the previous deliverable D2.2. As outlined there, the proposed IP system on individual project level
 will follow the established framework for funding programs such as Horizon 2020.
Addional information regarding the study from High-fidelity copying is not necessarily the key to cumulative cultural evolution: a study in monkeys and children
Creators: name: Saldana, Carmen
name: Fagot, Joël
name: Kirby, Simon
name: Smith, Kenny
name: Claidière, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary figures and analysis supporting the main text.
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and Hall effects in the skyrmion phase of MnFeGe alloys
Creators: name: Gayles, J.
name: Freimuth, F.
name: Schena, T.
name: Lani, G.
name: Mavropoulos, P.
name: Duine, R.
name: Blügel, S.
name: Sinova, J.
name: Mokrousov, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out density functional theory calculations which demonstrate that the electron dynamics in the skyrmion phase of Fe-rich Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Ge alloys is governed by Berry phase physics. We observe that the magnitude of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, directly related to the mixed space-momentum Berry phases, changes sign and magnitude with concentration $x$ in direct correlation with the data of Shibata {\it et al.}, Nature Nanotech. {\bf 8}, 723 (2013). The computed anomalous and topological Hall effects in FeGe are also in good agreement with available experiments. We further develop a simple tight-binding model able to explain these findings. Finally, we show that the adiabatic Berry phase picture is violated in the Mn-rich limit of the alloys.
description: 5 pages
(1245) Helen Winifred Evelyn [Greaves]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dissipative fluid dynamics for the dilute Fermi gas at unitarity: Anisotropic fluid dynamics
Creators: name: Bluhm, Marcus
name: Schaefer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the time evolution of a dilute atomic Fermi gas after release from a trapping potential. A common difficulty with using fluid dynamics to study the expansion of the gas is that the theory is not applicable in the dilute corona, and that a naive treatment of the entire cloud using fluid dynamics leads to unphysical results. We propose to remedy this problem by including certain non-hydrodynamic degrees of freedom, in particular anisotropic components of the pressure tensor, in the theoretical description. We show that, using this method, it is possible to describe the crossover from fluid dynamics to ballistic expansion locally. We illustrate the use of anisotropic fluid dynamics by studying the expansion of the dilute Fermi gas at unitarity using different functional forms of the shear viscosity, including a shear viscosity which is solely a function of temperature, $η\sim (mT)^{3/2}$, as predicted by kinetic theory in the dilute limit.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys Rev A
Theory of thermalization in an isolated Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Hsueh, Che-Hsiu
name: Cheng, Chi-Ho
name: Horng, Tzyy-Leng
name: Wu, Wen-Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermalization in an isolated oscillating Bose-Einstein condensate in a disordered trap is investigated. We show Shannon entropy in $x$ or $p$ representation is the eligible one to describe the thermalization. Besides, we show that multiple scattering with the disorder generates more and more incoherent thermal particles and condensed and thermal particles act as mutual heat bath that results in the thermalization of the whole system. We also demonstrate that Loschmidt's paradox can be resolved in the present system.
Gapless Topological Superconductors - Model Hamiltonian and Realization
Creators: name: Baum, Yuval
name: Posske, Thore
name: Fulga, Ion Cosma
name: Trauzettel, Björn
name: Stern, Ady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of an excitation gap in the bulk spectrum is one of the most prominent fingerprints of topological phases of matter. In this paper, we propose a family of two dimensional Hamiltonians that yield an unusual class $D$ topological superconductor with a gapless bulk spectrum but well-localized Majorana edge states. We perform a numerical analysis for a representative model of this phase and suggest a concrete physical realization by analyzing the effect of magnetic impurities on the surface of strong topological insulators.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
New Exact Quantization Condition for Toric Calabi-Yau Geometries
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
name: Zhang, Guojun
name: Huang, Min-xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new exact quantization condition for a class of quantum mechanical systems derived from local toric Calabi-Yau three-folds. Our proposal includes all contributions to the energy spectrum which are non-perturbative in the Planck constant, and is much simpler than the available quantization condition in the literature. We check that our proposal is consistent with previous works and implies non-trivial relations among the topological Gopakumar-Vafa invariants of the toric Calabi-Yau geometries. Together with the recent developments, our proposal opens a new avenue in the long investigations at the interface of geometry, topology and quantum mechanics.
description: 5 pages. v2: journal version, minor corrections
Counterexamples to local Lipschitz and local Hölder continuity with respect to the initial values for additive noise driven SDEs with smooth drift coefficient functions with at most polynomially growing derivatives
Creators: name: Jentzen, Arnulf
name: Kuckuck, Benno
name: Müller-Gronbach, Thomas
name: Yaroslavtseva, Larisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the recent article [A. Jentzen, B. Kuckuck, T. Müller-Gronbach, and L. Yaroslavtseva, arXiv:1904.05963 (2019)] it has been proved that the solutions to every additive noise driven stochastic differential equation (SDE) which has a drift coefficient function with at most polynomially growing first order partial derivatives and which admits a Lyapunov-type condition (ensuring the the existence of a unique solution to the SDE) depend in a logarithmically Hölder continuous way on their initial values. One might then wonder whether this result can be sharpened and whether in fact, SDEs from this class necessarily have solutions which depend locally Lipschitz continuously on their initial value. The key contribution of this article is to establish that this is not the case. More precisely, we supply a family of examples of additive noise driven SDEs which have smooth drift coefficient functions with at most polynomially growing derivatives whose solutions do not depend on their initial value in a locally Lipschitz continuous, nor even in a locally Hölder continuous way.
description: 27 pages
Multiple current reversals using superimposed driven lattices
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Aritra K.
name: Schmelcher, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that directed transport of particles in a two dimensional driven lattice can be dynamically reversed multiple times by superimposing additional spatially localized lattices on top of a background lattice. The timescales of such current reversals can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the spatial locations of the superimposed lattices. The key principle behind the current reversals is the conversion of the particle dynamics from chaotic to ballistic, which allow the particles to explore regions of the underlying phase space which are inaccessible otherwise. Our results can be experimentally realized using cold atoms in driven optical lattices and allow for the control of transport of atomic ensembles in such setups.
On integrals for some class of ordinary difference equations admitting a Lax pair representation
Creators: name: Svinin, Andrei K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two infinite classes of ordinary difference equations admitting Lax pair representation. Discrete equations in these classes are parameterized by two integers $k\geq 0$ and $s\geq k+1$. We describe the first integrals for these two classes in terms of special discrete polynomials. We show an equivalence of two difference equations belonged to different classes corresponding to the same pair $(k, s)$. We show that solution spaces $\mathcal{N}^k_s$ of different ordinary difference equations with fixed value of $s+k$ are organized in chain of inclusions.
description: Latex, 36 pages
Effect of Nateglinide on the Incidence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Events
Creators: name: Scheen, Andre
name: Tuomilehto, Jaako
name: Soska, Vladimir
name: Stender, Steen
name: Sinay, Isaac
name: Horton, Edward
name: Ilkova, Hasan
name: Tamás, Gyula
name: Deedwania, Prakash
name: Prager, Rudolf
name: Fulcher, Gregory R.
name: Chow, Chun Chung
name: Holman, Rury R.
name: Buckley, Brendan M.
name: McMurray, John J.
name: Vozár, Juraj
name: Buse, John B.
name: Nesto, Richard
name: Boolell, Mitradev
name: Bethel, M. Angelyn
name: Davies, Melanie J.
name: Belenkov, Yuri
name: Gaciong, Zbigniew
name: Jenssen, Trond
name: Charbonnel, Bernard
name: Rutten, Guy E.H.M.
name: Chacra, Antonio R.
name: Giles, Thomas
name: Pan, Changyu
name: Hua, Tsushung A.
name: Laakso, Markku
name: Holzhauer, Björn
name: Sandstroem, Herbert
name: Masson, Chantal
name: Mazzone, Theodore
name: Fonseca, Vivian
name: Raptis, Sotirios A.
name: Einhorn, Daniel
name: Villamil, Alberto S.
name: Gaztambide, Sonia
name: Martinez, Felipe
name: Schaper, Frank
name: Diem, Peter
name: Mareev, Viacheslav
name: Tognoni, Gianni
name: Schmitz, Ole
name: Califf, Robert M.
name: Chiang, Fu Tien
name: Meaney, Eduardo
name: Krum, Henry
name: Haffner, Steven M.
name: Levitt, Naomi S.
name: Kahn, Steven E.
name: Leiter, Lawrence A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: BACKGROUND The ability of short-acting insulin secretagogues to reduce the risk of diabetes or cardiovascular events in people with impaired glucose tolerance is unknown. METHODS In a double-blind, ...
On the period of Lehn, Lehn, Sorger, and van Straten's symplectic eightfold
Creators: name: Addington, Nicolas
name: Giovenzana, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For the irreducible holomorphic symplectic eightfold Z associated to a cubic fourfold Y not containing a plane, we show that a natural Abel-Jacobi map from H^4_prim(Y) to H^2_prim(Z) is a Hodge isometry. We describe the full H^2(Z) in terms of the Mukai lattice of the K3 category A of Y. We give numerical conditions for Z to be birational to a moduli space of sheaves on a K3 surface or to Hilb^4(K3). We propose a conjecture on how to use Z to produce equivalences from A to the derived category of a K3 surface.
description: 18 pages, Macaulay2 code as ancillary file. v3: final version to appear in Kyoto J. Math
(1241) Sarah [Burden]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Real-time simulation of non-equilibrium transport of magnetization in large open quantum spin systems driven by dissipation
Creators: name: Banerjee, Debasish
name: Hebenstreit, Florian
name: Jiang, Fu-Jiun
name: Wiese, Uwe-Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using quantum Monte Carlo, we study the non-equilibrium transport of magnetization in large open strongly correlated quantum spin $\frac{1}{2}$ systems driven by purely dissipative processes that conserve the uniform or staggered magnetization. We prepare both a low-temperature Heisenberg ferromagnet and an antiferromagnet in two parts of the system that are initially isolated from each other. We then bring the two subsystems in contact and study their real-time dissipative dynamics for different geometries. The flow of the uniform or staggered magnetization from one part of the system to the other is described by a diffusion equation that can be derived analytically.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Revised version: Discussion extended and references added
(1237) Mary Constance Adeline Stead
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Universal Coding and Prediction on Ergodic Martin-Löf Random Points
Creators: name: Dębowski, Łukasz
name: Steifer, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A29, 62M20, 03D32

description: Suppose that we have a method which estimates the conditional probabilities of some unknown stochastic source and we use it to guess which of the outcomes will happen. We want to make a correct guess as often as it is possible. What estimators are good for this? In this work, we consider estimators given by a familiar notion of universal coding for stationary ergodic measures, while working in the framework of algorithmic randomness, i.e, we are particularly interested in prediction of Martin-Löf random points. We outline the general theory and exhibit some counterexamples. Completing a result of Ryabko from 2009 we also show that universal probability measure in the sense of universal coding induces a universal predictor in the prequential sense. Surprisingly, this implication holds true provided the universal measure does not ascribe too low conditional probabilities to individual symbols. As an example, we show that the Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM) measure satisfies this requirement with a large reserve.
description: 24 pages. The manuscript significantly improved and extended with respect to the previous version
Details on data description, methods and results from Local pesticide use intensity conditions landscape effects on biological pest control.
Creators: name: B. Ricci
name: C. Lavigne
name: A. Alignier
name: S. Aviron
name: L. Biju-Duval
name: J. C. Bouvier
name: J.-P. Choisis
name: P. Franck
name: A. Joannon
name: S. Ladet
name: F. Mezerette
name: M. Plantegenest
name: G. Savary
name: C. Thomas
name: A. Vialatte
name: S. Petit
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Details on raw data distribution, meteorological conditions, additionnal representations of the results
Extreme sub-wavelength magneto-elastic electromagnetic antenna implemented with multiferroic nanomagnets
Creators: name: Drobitch, J. L.
name: De, A.
name: Dutta, K.
name: Pal, P. K.
name: Adhikari, A.
name: Barman, A.
name: Bandyopadhyay, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antennas typically have emission/radiation efficiencies bounded by A/(lambda)^2 (A < lambda^2) where A is the emitting area and lambda is the wavelength of the emitted wavelength. That makes it challenging to miniaturize antennas to extreme sub-wavelength dimensions. One way to overcome this challenge is to actuate an antenna not at the resonance of the emitted wave, but at the resonance of a different excitation that has a much shorter wavelength at the same frequency. We have actuated an electromagnetic (EM) antenna with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) whose wavelength is about five orders of magnitude smaller than the EM wavelength at the same frequency. This allowed us to implement an extreme sub-wavelength EM antenna, radiating an EM wave of wavelength lambda = 2 m, whose emitting area is ~10^-8 m2 (A/lambda^2 = 2.5 10^-9), and whose measured radiation efficiency exceeded the A/(lambda)^2 limit by over 10^5. The antenna consisted of magnetostrictive nanomagnets deposited on a piezoelectric substrate. A SAW launched in the substrate with an alternating electrical voltage periodically strained the nanomagnets and rotated their magnetizations owing to the Villari effect. The oscillating magnetizations emitted EM waves at the frequency of the SAW. These extreme sub-wavelength antennas, that radiate with efficiencies a few orders of magnitude larger than the A/(lambda)^2 limit, allow drastic miniaturization of communication systems.
description: Accepted in Advanced Materials Technologies. The accepted version is somewhat different owing to amendments made pursuant to reviewer comments and is not posted in accordance with the journal's policy
(1239) Mary Ann Burden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Transversality for critical relations of families of rational maps: an elementary proof
Creators: name: Levin, Genadi
name: Shen, Weixiao
name: van Strien, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we will give a short and elementary proof that critical relations unfold transversally in the space of rational maps.
description: Published version (open access)
MOBILE TEAMS - REACHING HIGH-RISK COMMUNITIES WITH VACCINATION AND TESTING
Creators: name: Christa Davison
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Social determinants of health
COVID-19
PARiHS
vaccination
communicable disease testing

description: As COVID-19 became a global pandemic in 2020, Los Angeles County (LAC) residents were affected. Those who experienced negative social determinants of health were affected disproportionately in disease rate and severity. These individuals were also less vaccinated for COVID-19. In response to disparities in vaccination, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health created the Mobile Vaccine Team (MVT) in 2021. The MVT provides vaccines for COVID-19 and other illnesses, going to sites throughout LAC. LAC continued to experience high rates of communicable disease (CD), including sexually transmitted infections, with increases in marginalized groups. This project primarily aimed to evaluate the impact of the MVT in vaccinating high-risk groups over a two-and-a-half-month period in 2023. The secondary aim was to institute and track the utilization of CD testing. The MVT facilitator used the PARiHS model to guide the project, which was widely accepted by those offered testing. While successful in testing and vaccination, the team found challenges in reaching positive cases for aftercare and results. MVT will further evaluate the impact of the team, the number of patients that can be seen in high-risk groups, and the addition of a nurse practitioner to the MVT for real-time treatment and street medicine.
Transient dynamics of a colloidal particle driven through a viscoelastic fluid
Creators: name: Gomez-Solano, Juan Ruben
name: Bechinger, Clemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study the transient motion of a colloidal particle actively dragged by an optical trap through different viscoelastic fluids (wormlike micelles, polymer solutions, and entangled $λ$-phage DNA). We observe that, after sudden removal of the moving trap, the particle recoils due to the recovery of the deformed fluid microstructure. We find that the transient dynamics of the particle proceeds via a double exponential relaxation, whose relaxation times remain independent of the initial particle velocity whereas their amplitudes strongly depend on it. While the fastest relaxation mirrors the viscous damping of the particle by the solvent, the slow relaxation results from the recovery of the strained viscoelastic matrix. We show that this transient information, which has no counterpart in Newtonian fluids, can be exploited to investigate linear and nonlinear rheological properties of the embedding fluid, thus providing a novel method to perform transient rheology at the micron-scale.
description: 19 pages, 7 Figures, submitted to New Journal of Physics
The influence of a surface in the non-retarded interaction between two atoms
Creators: name: Souza, Reinaldo de Melo e
name: Kort-Kamp, W. J. M.
name: Rosa, F. S. S.
name: Farina, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we obtain analytical expressions for the non-additivity effects in the dispersive interaction between two atoms and perfectly conducting surface of arbitrary shape in the non-retarded regime. We show that this three bodies quantum-mechanical problem can be solved by mapping it into a two-bodies electrostatic one. We apply the general formulas developed in this paper in several examples. Firstly we re-derive the London interaction as a particular case of our formalism. Then we treat two atoms in the presence of a plane, re-obtained the result displayed in the literature. After we add some new examples. A particularly interesting one is two atoms inside a plate capacitor, a situation where non-additivity is very manifest since the plates lead to the exponentially suppression of the interaction of the atoms, provided the atoms are separated by a distance of the order of the distance between the plates or greater. Our results holds even in the presence of other atoms inside the plate capacitor. As a last example we deal with two atoms in the presence of a sphere, both grounded and isolated. We show that for realistic experimental parameters the non-additivity may be relevant for the force in each atom.
Physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents in Uruguay: a scoping review based on the Global Matrix initiative
Creators: name: Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno
name: Brazo-Sayavera, Javier
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Other Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: International and Area Studies
subject: Sports Studies
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Latin American Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: child
subject: evidence synthesis
subject: Global Matrix
subject: health promotion
subject: physical activity
subject: physical activity surveillance
subject: Uruguay
subject: youth

description: This scoping review aims to examine and map the literature on physical activity indicators based to the Global Matrix initiative in Uruguayan children and adolescents.
Supplemental Methods, Figures and Table S1 from Rare genetic variation and balanced polymorphisms are important for survival in global change conditions.
Creators: name: Brennan, Reid S.
name: Garrett, April D.
name: Huber, Kaitlin E.
name: Hargarten, Heidi
name: Pespeni, Melissa H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Standing genetic variation is important for population persistence in extreme environmental conditions. While some species may have the capacity to adapt to predicted average future global change conditions, the ability to survive extreme events is largely unknown. We used single-generation selection experiments on hundreds of thousands of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sea urchin larvae generated from wild-caught adults to identify adaptive genetic variation responsive to moderate (pH 8.0) and extreme (pH 7.5) low-pH conditions. Sequencing genomic DNA from pools of larvae, we identified consistent changes in allele frequencies across replicate cultures for each pH condition and observed increased linkage disequilibrium around selected loci, revealing selection on recombined standing genetic variation. We found that loci responding uniquely to either selection regime were at low starting allele frequencies while variants that responded to both pH conditions (11.6% of selected variants) started at high frequencies. Loci under selection performed functions related to energetics, pH tolerance, cell growth and actin/cytoskeleton dynamics. These results highlight that persistence in future conditions will require two classes of genetic variation: common, pH-responsive variants maintained by balancing selection in a heterogeneous environment, and rare variants, particularly for extreme conditions, that must be maintained by large population sizes.
Details on data description, methods and results from Local pesticide use intensity conditions landscape effects on biological pest control
Creators: name: B. Ricci
name: C. Lavigne
name: A. Alignier
name: S. Aviron
name: L. Biju-Duval
name: J. C. Bouvier
name: J.-P. Choisis
name: P. Franck
name: A. Joannon
name: S. Ladet
name: F. Mezerette
name: M. Plantegenest
name: G. Savary
name: C. Thomas
name: A. Vialatte
name: S. Petit
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Details on raw data distribution, meteorological conditions, additionnal representations of the results
Mycophenolate versus Azathioprine as Maintenance Therapy for Lupus Nephritis
Creators: name: Lisk, Laura
name: Olsen, Nancy J.
name: Eitner, Frank
name: Ginzler, Ellen M.
name: Wofsy, David
name: Solomons, Neil
name: Dooley, Mary Anne
name: Contreras, Gabriel
name: Isenberg, David
name: Appel, Gerald B.
name: Jayne, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BACKGROUND Maintenance therapy, often with azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil, is required to consolidate remission and prevent relapse after the initial control of lupus nephritis. METHODS We carried out a 36-month, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 3 study comparing oral mycophenolate mofetil (2 g per day) and oral azathioprine (2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day), plus placebo in each group, in patients who met response criteria during a 6-month induction trial. The study group underwent repeat randomization in a 1:1 ratio. Up to 10 mg of prednisone per day or its equivalent was permitted. The primary efficacy end point was the time to treatment failure, which was defined as death, end-stage renal disease, doubling of the serum creatinine level, renal flare, or rescue therapy for lupus nephritis. Secondary assessments included the time to the individual components of treatment failure and adverse events. RESULTS A total of 227 patients were randomly assigned to maintenance treatment (116 to mycophenolate mofetil and 111 to azathioprine). Mycophenolate mofetil was superior to azathioprine with respect to the primary end point, time to treatment failure (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.77; P=0.003), and with respect to time to renal flare and time to rescue therapy (hazard ratio, <1.00; P<0.05). Observed rates of treatment failure were 16.4% (19 of 116 patients) in the mycophenolate mofetil group and 32.4% (36 of 111) in the azathioprine group. Adverse events, most commonly minor infections and gastrointestinal disorders, occurred in more than 95% of the patients in both groups (P=0.68). Serious adverse events occurred in 33.3% of patients in the azathioprine group and in 23.5% of those in the mycophenolate mofetil group (P=0.11), and the rate of withdrawal due to adverse events was higher with azathioprine than with mycophenolate mofetil (39.6% vs. 25.2%, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Mycophenolate mofetil was superior to azathioprine in maintaining a renal response to treatment and in preventing relapse in patients with lupus nephritis who had a response to induction therapy.
(1240) William Burden
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
An overview on deep learning-based approximation methods for partial differential equations
Creators: name: Beck, Christian
name: Hutzenthaler, Martin
name: Jentzen, Arnulf
name: Kuckuck, Benno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65M99 (Primary), 35-02, 65-02, 68T07 (Secondary)

description: It is one of the most challenging problems in applied mathematics to approximatively solve high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, several deep learning-based approximation algorithms for attacking this problem have been proposed and tested numerically on a number of examples of high-dimensional PDEs. This has given rise to a lively field of research in which deep learning-based methods and related Monte Carlo methods are applied to the approximation of high-dimensional PDEs. In this article we offer an introduction to this field of research by revisiting selected mathematical results related to deep learning approximation methods for PDEs and reviewing the main ideas of their proofs. We also provide a short overview of the recent literature in this area of research.
description: 49 pages. Compared to the first version, the manuscript has been significantly expanded. In particular, Python source code implementing several of the presented methods using PyTorch, as well as numerical simulations have been added
Coherence-enhanced efficiency of feedback-driven quantum engines
Creators: name: Brandner, Kay
name: Bauer, Michael
name: Schmid, Michael T.
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A genuine feature of projective quantum measurements is that they inevitably alter the mean energy of the observed system if the measured quantity does not commute with the Hamiltonian. Compared to the classical case, Jacobs proved that this additional energetic cost leads to a stronger bound on the work extractable after a single measurement from a system initially in thermal equilibrium [Phys. Rev. A 80, 012322 (2009)]. Here, we extend this bound to a large class of feedback-driven quantum engines operating periodically and in finite time. The bound thus implies a natural definition for the efficiency of information to work conversion in such devices. For a simple model consisting of a laser-driven two-level system, we maximize the efficiency with respect to the observable whose measurement is used to control the feedback operations. We find that the optimal observable typically does not commute with the Hamiltonian and hence would not be available in a classical two level system. This result reveals that periodic feedback engines operating in the quantum realm can exploit quantum coherences to enhance efficiency.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Supplemental Methods and Figures from Rare genetic variation and balanced polymorphisms are important for survival in global change conditions
Creators: name: Brennan, Reid S.
name: Garrett, April D.
name: Huber, Kaitlin E.
name: Hargarten, Heidi
name: Pespeni, Melissa H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Standing genetic variation is important for population persistence in extreme environmental conditions. While some species may have the capacity to adapt to predicted average future global change conditions, the ability to survive extreme events is largely unknown. We used single generation selection experiments on hundreds of thousands of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sea urchin larvae generated from wild-caught adults to identify adaptive genetic variation responsive to moderate (pH 8.0) and extreme (pH 7.5) low pH conditions. Sequencing genomic DNA from pools of larvae, we identified consistent changes in allele frequencies across replicate cultures of both conditions and observed increased linkage disequilibrium around selected loci, revealing selection on recombined standing genetic variation. We found that loci responding uniquely to either selection regime were at low starting allele frequencies while variants that responded to both pH conditions (11.6% of selected variants) started at high frequencies. Loci under selection performed functions related to energetics, pH tolerance, cell growth and actin/cytoskeleton dynamics. These results highlight that persistence in future conditions will require two classes of genetic variation: common, pH-responsive variants maintained by balancing selection in a heterogeneous environment, and rare variants, particularly for extreme conditions, that must be maintained by large population sizes.
Rifaximin Therapy for Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome without Constipation
Creators: name: Zakko, Salam
name: Chey, William D.
name: Mareya, Shadreck M.
name: Ringel, Yehuda
name: Pimentel, Mark
name: Lembo, Anthony
name: Shaw, Audrey L.
name: Bortey, Enoch
name: Forbes, William P.
name: Yu, Jing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that gut flora may play an important role in the pathophysiology of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We evaluated rifaximin, a minimally absorbed antibiotic, as treatment for IBS. METHODS In two identically designed, phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (TARGET 1 and TARGET 2), patients who had IBS without constipation were randomly assigned to either rifaximin at a dose of 550 mg or placebo, three times daily for 2 weeks, and were followed for an additional 10 weeks. The primary end point, the proportion of patients who had adequate relief of global IBS symptoms, and the key secondary end point, the proportion of patients who had adequate relief of IBS-related bloating, were assessed weekly. Adequate relief was defined as self-reported relief of symptoms for at least 2 of the first 4 weeks after treatment. Other secondary end points included the percentage of patients who had a response to treatment as assessed by daily self-ratings of global IBS symptoms and individual symptoms of bloating, abdominal pain, and stool consistency during the 4 weeks after treatment and during the entire 3 months of the study. RESULTS Significantly more patients in the rifaximin group than in the placebo group had adequate relief of global IBS symptoms during the first 4 weeks after treatment (40.8% vs. 31.2%, P=0.01, in TARGET 1; 40.6% vs. 32.2%, P=0.03, in TARGET 2; 40.7% vs. 31.7%, P<0.001, in the two studies combined). Similarly, more patients in the rifaximin group than in the placebo group had adequate relief of bloating (39.5% vs. 28.7%, P=0.005, in TARGET 1; 41.0% vs. 31.9%, P=0.02, in TARGET 2; 40.2% vs. 30.3%, P<0.001, in the two studies combined). In addition, significantly more patients in the rifaximin group had a response to treatment as assessed by daily ratings of IBS symptoms, bloating, abdominal pain, and stool consistency. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients who had IBS without constipation, treatment with rifaximin for 2 weeks provided significant relief of IBS symptoms, bloating, abdominal pain, and loose or watery stools. (Funded by Salix Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00731679 and NCT00724126.).
Strategies for Multivessel Revascularization in Patients with Diabetes
Creators: name: Smith, Craig R.
name: Bhargava, Balram
name: Buse, John
name: Lansky, Alexandra
name: Gersh, Bernard J.
name: Desai, Akshay S.
name: Weinberger, Jesse
name: Sleeper, Lynn A.
name: Fuster, Valentin
name: Bertrand, Michel
name: Cohen, David J.
name: Magnuson, Elizabeth A.
name: Farkouh, Michael E.
name: Rankin, Jamie
name: Domanski, Michael
name: Boineau, Robin
name: Hueb, Whady
name: Sousa, J. Eduardo
name: Mack, Michael
name: Ramanathan, Krishnan
name: King III, Spencer
name: Bansilal, Sameer
name: Rosenberg, Yves
name: Solomon, Scott D.
name: Dangas, George
name: Yang, May
name: Siami, Flora S.
name: Muratov, Victoria
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: 29
Newton acceleration on manifolds identified by proximal-gradient methods
Creators: name: Bareilles, Gilles
name: Iutzeler, Franck
name: Malick, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Proximal methods are known to identify the underlying substructure of nonsmooth optimization problems. Even more, in many interesting situations, the output of a proximity operator comes with its structure at no additional cost, and convergence is improved once it matches the structure of a minimizer. However, it is impossible in general to know whether the current structure is final or not; such highly valuable information has to be exploited adaptively. To do so, we place ourselves in the case where a proximal gradient method can identify manifolds of differentiability of the nonsmooth objective. Leveraging this manifold identification, we show that Riemannian Newton-like methods can be intertwined with the proximal gradient steps to drastically boost the convergence. We prove the superlinear convergence of the algorithm when solving some nondegenerated nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems. We provide numerical illustrations on optimization problems regularized by $\ell_1$-norm or trace-norm.