cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sympathy for the environment predicts green consumerism but not more important environmental behaviours related to domestic energy use
Creators: name: De La Rosa, Jennifer
name: Peterson, M. Nils
name: Lu, Chuntian
name: Zhong, Ying
name: Chen, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: SUMMARY Household consumption is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Some behaviours (for example energy use and vehicle use) may have far larger impacts than others (for example green consumerism of household products). Here, the driving forces of green consumerism and two domestic energy uses (electricity consumption and vehicle fuel use) are compared. This study found that environmental attitudes predicted green consumerism, but not electricity consumption or vehicle fuel use. Furthermore, green consumerism was correlated with income and individual level demographic factors, while energy consumption was primarily predicted by household size and structural constraints. Because household energy consumption has greater environmental impacts than green consumerism, policies that aim to improve pro-environmental attitudes may not be effective in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Policies should rather aim to change structural constraints influencing transportation and household energy decisions and improve the conspicuousness of household energy consumption.
COVID-19: Detecting Indirect Spread in Facilities for Enhanced Care sTudy (COVID-19: DISinFECT). Investigating environmental epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in long term care facilities in England. Protocol v4.1.
Creators: name: Kwiatkowska, Rachel
name: Ready, Derren
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This study aims to investigate the role of indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in care homes, and the potential for environmental surveillance to inform Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures and prevent outbreaks. This will be achieved by: 1. In-depth descriptive epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during 2-3 care home outbreaks On notification of an outbreak, environmental swabs and air samples will be taken in parallel with whole- home testing of staff and residents to describe the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA around the facility. 2. Proof of concept: wastewater monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 Autosamplers will be situated at care home sites experiencing an outbreak. Samples will be analysed retrospectively to assess levels of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to case epidemiology within the home and the wider community. 3. Reactive environmental screening in up to 10 care homes, and review of implications for onward transmission On notification of a single case of COVID-19 (resident or staff), environmental samples will be taken from high-risk areas within the care home. Proportion of sample sites positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA will be analysed in the context of IPC measures and infection attack rates at 28 days.
Jasminanthes tuyetanhiae T. B. Tran & Rodda
Creators: name: Rodda, Michele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Jasminanthes
Jasminanthes tuyetanhiae

description: Jasminanthes tuyetanhiae T.B. Tran & Rodda in Tran et al. (2018)
 Type:— Vietnam, Phu Yen province, Dong Hoa district, Hoa Tam commune, N 12°53’55.6” E 109°23’55.7”, 600 m elevation, 28 August 2017, T.T.A. Le, T.A. Thi, X.L. Hoang, N.D. Bui T.B. Tran 2808201701 (holotype HN; isotype HNPM)
 Distribution and ecology:— Jasminanthes tuyetanhiae is endemic to Vietnam, Da Bia mountain, where it grows on a rock outcrop near the sea. It was collected in flower in August (Tran et al. 2018).
 Conservation status:— Data Deficient (DD, IUCN 2012, Tran et al. 2018).
 Notes:— fully described in Tran et al. (2018).
description: Published as part of Rodda, Michele, 2019, A revision of Jasminanthes (Apocynaceae) with four new species from Borneo, pp. 127-146 in Phytotaxa 405 (3) on page 144, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.405.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13714920
Schweizer Pastoralforum: im Engpaß der Ämterstruktur
Creators: name: Weibel, Rolf
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 35 Nr. 12 (1981): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 35, Heft 12
Frequency of sugar-sweetened food consumption among Brazilian schoolchildren: a scoping review
Creators: name: Quadros, Larissa
name: Gomes, Andressa
name: Vieira, Janete
name: Lucas, Ana Cyra
name: Rebelo, Maria
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This scoping review aims to systematically map the evidence regarding the daily frequency of sugary food consumption among Brazilian schoolchildren enrolled in public or private schools, exploring what has been published in indexed sources and in the gray literature.
Improving Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Contaminated Soil Through Low-Level Surfactant Addition After Conventional Bioremediation
Creators: name: Adrion, Alden C.
name: Singleton, David R.
name: Shea, Damian
name: Aitken, Michael D.
name: Nakamura, Jun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Efficacy of bioremediation for soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be limited by the fractions of soil-bound PAHs that are less accessible to PAH-degrading microorganisms. In previous test-tube-scale work, submicellar doses of nonionic surfactants were screened for their ability to enhance the desorption and biodegradation of residual PAHs in soil after conventional bioremediation in a laboratory-scale, slurry-phase bioreactor. Polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate (POESH) was the optimum surfactant for enhancing PAH removal, especially the high–molecular weight PAHs. This work extends that concept by treating the effluent from the slurry-phase bioreactor in a second-stage batch reactor, to which POESH was added, for an additional 7 or 12 days. Surfactant amendment removed substantial amounts of the PAHs and oxy-PAHs remaining after conventional slurry-phase bioremediation, including more than 80% of residual 4-ring PAHs. Surfactant-amended treatment decreased soil cytotoxicity, but often increased the genotoxicity of the soil as measured using the DT-40 chicken lymphocyte DNA damage response assay. Potential ecotoxicity, measured using a seed germination assay, was reduced by bioreactor treatment and was reduced further after second-stage treatment with POESH. Of bacteria previously implicated as potential PAH degraders under POESH-amended conditions in a prior study, members of the Terrimonas genus were associated with differences in high–molecular weight PAH removal in the current study. Research using submicellar doses of surfactant as a second-stage treatment step is limited and these findings can inform the design of bioremediation systems at field sites treating soil contaminated with PAHs and other hydrophobic contaminants that have low bioaccessibility.
title: Temporal arteries Doppler Ultrassound for the diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis
Creators: name: Sousa, Marta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Ultrasound-Spectral Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Power Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Head and neck
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Arthritides
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the epidemiology, typical presentation and diagnostic criteria of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), as well as the current treatment. To explain temporal arteries Doppler ultrasound technique, and enlist its advantages and limitations in the...
Lines and continuum sky emission in the near infrared: observational constraints from deep high spectral resolution spectra with GIANO-TNG
Creators: name: Oliva, E.
name: Origlia, L.
name: Scuderi, S.
name: Benatti, S.
name: Carleo, I.
name: Lapenna, E.
name: Mucciarelli, A.
name: Baffa, C.
name: Biliotti, V.
name: Carbonaro, L.
name: Falcini, G.
name: Giani, E.
name: Iuzzolino, M.
name: Massi, F.
name: Sanna, N.
name: Sozzi, M.
name: Tozzi, A
name: Ghedina, A.
name: Ghinassi, F.
name: Lodi, M.
name: Harutyunyan, A.
name: Pedani, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims Determining the intensity of lines and continuum airglow emission in the H-band is important for the design of faint-object infrared spectrographs. Existing spectra at low/medium resolution cannot disentangle the true sky-continuum from instrumental effects (e.g. diffuse light in the wings of strong lines). We aim to obtain, for the first time, a high resolution infrared spectrum deep enough to set significant constraints on the continuum emission between the lines in the H-band. Methods During the second commissioning run of the GIANO high-resolution infrared spectrograph at La Palma Observatory, we pointed the instrument directly to the sky and obtained a deep spectrum that extends from 0.97 to 2.4 micron. Results The spectrum shows about 1500 emission lines, a factor of two more than in previous works. Of these, 80% are identified as OH transitions; half of these are from highly excited molecules (hot-OH component) that are not included in the OH airglow emission models normally used for astronomical applications. The other lines are attributable to O2 or unidentified. Several of the faint lines are in spectral regions that were previously believed to be free of line emission. The continuum in the H-band is marginally detected at a level of about 300 photons/m^2/s/arcsec^2/micron, equivalent to 20.1 AB-mag/arcsec^2. The observed spectrum and the list of observed sky-lines are published in electronic format. Conclusions Our measurements indicate that the sky continuum in the H-band could be even darker than previously believed. However, the myriad of airglow emission lines severely limits the spectral ranges where very low background can be effectively achieved with low/medium resolution spectrographs. We identify a few spectral bands that could still remain quite dark at the resolving power foreseen for VLT-MOONS (R ~6,600).
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Biological and behavioral factors modify urinary arsenic metabolic profiles in a U.S. population
Creators: name: Drobna, Zuzana
name: Le,
name: Hudgens, Edward E.
name: Styblo, Miroslav
name: Rogers, John
name: He, Bin
name: Thomas, David J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background Because some adverse health effects associated with chronic arsenic exposure may be mediated by methylated arsenicals, interindividual variation in capacity to convert inorganic arsenic into mono- and di-methylated metabolites may be an important determinant of risk associated with exposure to this metalloid. Hence, identifying biological and behavioral factors that modify an individual’s capacity to methylate inorganic arsenic could provide insights into critical dose-response relations underlying adverse health effects. Methods A total of 904 older adults (≥45 years old) in Churchill County, Nevada, who chronically used home tap water supplies containing up to 1850 μg of arsenic per liter provided urine and toenail samples for determination of total and speciated arsenic levels. Effects of biological factors (gender, age, body mass index) and behavioral factors (smoking, recent fish or shellfish consumption) on patterns of arsenicals in urine were evaluated with bivariate analyses and multivariate regression models. Results Relative contributions of inorganic, mono-, and di-methylated arsenic to total speciated arsenic in urine were unchanged over the range of concentrations of arsenic in home tap water supplies used by study participants. Gender predicted both absolute and relative amounts of arsenicals in urine. Age predicted levels of inorganic arsenic in urine and body mass index predicted relative levels of mono- and di-methylated arsenic in urine. Smoking predicted both absolute and relative levels of arsenicals in urine. Multivariate regression models were developed for both absolute and relative levels of arsenicals in urine. Concentration of arsenic in home tap water and estimated water consumption were strongly predictive of levels of arsenicals in urine as were smoking, body mass index, and gender. Relative contributions of arsenicals to urinary arsenic were not consistently predicted by concentrations of arsenic in drinking water supplies but were more consistently predicted by gender, body mass index, age, and smoking. Conclusions These findings suggest that analyses of dose-response relations in arsenic-exposed populations should account for biological and behavioral factors that modify levels of inorganic and methylated arsenicals in urine. Evidence of significant effects of these factors on arsenic metabolism may also support mode of action studies in appropriate experimental models.
title: Esophageal perforation: What to look for in CT
Creators: name: Sousa, Marta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Mediastinum
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Acute
subject: Foreign bodies
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To outline the epidemiology, etiology, presentation, basic management and prognosis of esophageal perforation. To describe and illustrate the spectrum of CT findings in esophageal rupture as well as associated...
The Effect of a Dietary Phosphorus Load and Food Matrix Change in a Controlled One Day Feeding Trial
Creators: name: Palmer, Brendan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: diet
subject: Hemodialysis
subject: hyperphosphataemia
subject: Phosphorus
subject: Potassium

description: Potential dietary strategies for controlling hyperphosphataemia include the use of protein sources with lower phosphorus bioavailability such as pulses and nuts, focus on phosphorus to protein ratios and the avoidance of all phosphate additives. We conducted a controlled crossover feeding study in 8 hemodialysis (HD) patients to investigate the acute postprandial effect of a modified versus standard low phosphorus diet on serum phosphate, potassium and intact parathyroid levels in prevalent HD patients. The modified diet included beef and less dairy, with a lower phosphorus to protein ratio, as well as plant-based protein, whole grains, pulses and nuts containing phytates which reduces phosphorus bioavailability.
title: CCTA mapping for electrophysiological procedures
Creators: name: ARGYRIOU, PANAYOTIS
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of our educational exhibit is to: show how to demonstrate and evaluate the left atrium (LA), the left atrial appendage and the pulmonary and coronary vessels anatomy before the electrophysiological procedures...
Ozone exposure is associated with acute changes in inflammation, fibrinolysis, and endothelial cell function in coronary artery disease patients
Creators: name: Case, Martin
name: Neas, Lucas
name: Carraway, Martha Sue
name: Elaine Dowdy,
name: Devlin, Robert B.
name: Cascio, Wayne
name: Mirowsky, Jaime E.
name: Diaz-Sanchez, David
name: Tong, Haiyan
name: Kraus, William E.
name: Dhingra, Radhika
name: Crooks, James
name: Hauser, Elizabeth R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Air pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, of which ozone is a major contributor. Several studies have found associations between ozone and cardiovascular morbidity, but the results have been inconclusive. We investigated associations between ozone and changes across biological pathways associated with cardiovascular disease.
Electromagnetic Transition Strengths for Light Nuclei in the Skyrme model
Creators: name: Haberichter, M.
name: Lau, P. H. C.
name: Manton, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate reduced $B(E2)$ electromagnetic transition strengths for light nuclei of mass numbers $B=8,12,16,20,24$ and $32$ within the Skyrme model. We find that the predicted transition strengths are of the correct order of magnitude and the computed intrinsic quadrupole moments match the experimentally observed effective nuclear shapes. For the Hoyle state we predict a large $B(E2)\!\uparrow$ value of $0.0521\, \rm{e}^2\rm{b}^2$. For Oxygen-16, we can obtain a quantitative understanding of the ground state rotational band and the rotational excitations of the second spin-0 state, $0_2^+$.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures; updated to match published version in Phys. Rev. C
Perception of Disease, Dyadic Coping, and the Quality of Life of Oncology Patients in the Active Treatment Phase and Their Life Partners
Creators: name: Adelina, Stefanut
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This study, based on the Systemic Transactional Model and theory, aims to investigate: 1) how perception of cancer on the part of patients and their life partners influences their own dyadic coping and that of the other member of the couple; 2) the influence of the dyadic coping of patients and their partners on the quality of their own life and that of the other member of the couple.
The extent of formal tobacco cessation training received by student health professionals and the prevalence of tobacco use among them
Creators: name: Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Community Health and Preventive Medicine

description: Advice from health care professionals (HCPs) is critical for tobacco prevention and cessation efforts. The academic curricula for health care professional students (HCS) lack comprehensive training in assisting patients in tobacco cessation. Tobacco use among HCP’s deters them from giving proper tobacco prevention and cessation guidance. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption in third-year students of four health care disciplines (medical, dental, pharmacy, and nursing) and to assess their undergraduate education on tobacco control and cessation.
Three-photon coherence in a ladder-type atomic system
Creators: name: Noh, Heung-Ryoul
name: Moon, Han Seb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption for a ladder-type three-level atomic system. A probe beam was tuned to the lower line and two counter-propagating, linearly polarized coupling beams were tuned to the upper line. The system can be modeled with a three- (or five-) level scheme when the polarization directions of the coupling beams are parallel (or perpendicular). By calculating the absorption coefficients analytically for the two schemes, we found that the corresponding absorption coefficients were identical except for different transition strengths, and that the primitive scheme embedded in those schemes was a simple four-level scheme.
A Prospective Study of Marine Phytoplankton and Reported Illness Among Recreational Beachgoers in Puerto Rico, 2009
Creators: name: Lin, Cynthia J.
name: Dufour, Alfred P.
name: Sams, Elizabeth A.
name: Hilborn, Elizabeth D.
name: Wade, Timothy J.
name: Chapman, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Background:Blooms of marine phytoplankton may adversely affect human health. The potential public health impact of low-level exposures is not well established, and few prospective cohort studies of recreational exposures to marine phytoplankton have been conducted.Objective:We evaluated the association between phytoplankton cell counts and subsequent illness among recreational beachgoers.Methods:We recruited beachgoers at Boquerón Beach, Puerto Rico, during the summer of 2009. We conducted interviews at three time points to assess baseline health, water activities, and subsequent illness. Daily water samples were quantitatively assayed for phytoplankton cell count. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age and sex, were used to assess the association between exposure to three categories of phytoplankton concentration and subsequent illness.Results:During 26 study days, 15,726 individuals successfully completed all three interviews. Daily total phytoplankton cell counts ranged from 346 to 2,012 cells/mL (median, 712 cells/mL). The category with the highest (≥ 75th percentile) total phytoplankton cell count was associated with eye irritation [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.66], rash (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.57), and earache (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.77). In phytoplankton group-specific analyses, the category with the highest Cyanobacteria counts was associated with respiratory illness (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.67), rash (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.66), eye irritation (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.62), and earache (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.93).Conclusions:We found associations between recreational exposure to marine phytoplankton and reports of eye irritation, respiratory illness, and rash. We also found that associations varied by phytoplankton group, with Cyanobacteria having the strongest and most consistent associations.Citation:Lin CJ, Wade TJ, Sams EA, Dufour AP, Chapman AD, Hilborn ED. 2016. A prospective study of marine phytoplankton and reported illness among recreational beachgoers in Puerto Rico, 2009. Environ Health Perspect 124:477–483; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409558
title: Optimizing image quality at constant effective dose by adjusting tube voltage for lumbar spine radiography using a flat panel system.
Creators: name: de Vries, Geert
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Radiation physics
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Education and training
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Since the introduction of digital radiography, research has been performed to assess the optimal image acquisition parameters for an adequate image quality (IQ) and low as possible patient dose [1]. Important image acquisition parameters are tube...
The Stellar Mass Fundamental Plane and Compact Quiescent Galaxies at z < 0.6
Creators: name: Zahid, H. Jabran
name: Damjanov, Ivana
name: Geller, Margaret J.
name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Fabricant, Daniel G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the evolution of the relation between stellar mass surface density, velocity dispersion and half-light radius$-$the stellar mass fundamental plane$-$for quiescent galaxies at $z<0.6$. We measure the local relation from galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the intermediate redshift relation from $\sim500$ quiescent galaxies with stellar masses $10 \lesssim \mathrm{log}(M_\ast/M_\odot) \lesssim 11.5$. Nearly half of the quiescent galaxies in our intermediate redshift sample are compact. After accounting for important selection and systematic effects, the velocity dispersion distribution of galaxies at intermediate redshifts is similar to galaxies in the local universe. Galaxies at $z<0.6$ appear to be smaller ($\lesssim0.1$ dex) than galaxies in the local sample. The orientation of the stellar mass fundamental plane is independent of redshift for massive quiescent galaxies at $z<0.6$ and the zero-point evolves by $\sim 0.04$ dex. Compact quiescent galaxies fall on the same relation as the extended objects. We confirm that compact quiescent galaxies are the tail of the size and mass distribution of the normal quiescent galaxy population.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Updated to accepted version to appear in ApJ
Non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented in the comunity for the prevention of flu-like syndromes: a sistematic review
Creators: name: de Carvalho, Herica
name: Schneider, Guilherme
name: Vieira, Leticia
name: de Andrade, Denise
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Community
subject: Community-Adquired Infections
subject: Flu-like Syndromes
subject: Infection Prevention
subject: Non-pharmaceutical Interventions

description: The present systematic review aims to evaluate which non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented in the community are effective in the prevention of flu-like syndromes
Air Pollution and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Nested Case–Control Study among Members of a Northern California Health Plan
Creators: name: Van Rie, Annelies
name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Smith, Geneé S.
name: Richardson, David B.
name: Shan, Jun
name: Emch, Michael
name: Van Den Eeden, Stephen K.
name: Baxter, Roger
name: Garcia, Cynthia
name: Herring, Amy H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Ecologic analyses, case-case comparisons, and animal experiments suggest positive associations between air pollution and tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated this hypothesis in a large sample, which yielded results that are applicable to the general population.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within a cohort of Kaiser Permanente of Northern California members. All active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases newly diagnosed between 1996 and 2010 (n = 2,309) were matched to two controls (n = 4,604) by age, sex, and race/ethnicity on the index date corresponding with the case diagnosis date. Average individual-level concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) for 2 years before diagnosis/entry into the study were estimated using measurements from the California Air Resources Board monitor closest to the participant's residence.

RESULTS: In single-pollutant adjusted conditional logistic regression models, the pulmonary TB odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest quintile (vs. lowest) were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.95) for CO and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.84) for NO2. Corresponding estimates were higher among never [1.68 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.24)] than ever [1.19 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.92)] smokers for CO. In contrast, for NO2, estimates were higher among ever [1.81 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.91)] than never [1.29 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.71)] smokers. O3 was inversely associated for smokers [0.66 (95% CI: 0.43, 1.02)] and never smokers [0.65 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.81)]. No other consistent patterns were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: In this first, to our knowledge, U.S. nested case-control study on air pollution and pulmonary TB, we observed positive associations with ambient CO and NO2, which require confirmation.

CITATION: Smith GS, Van Den Eeden SK, Garcia C, Shan J, Baxter R, Herring AH, Richardson DB, Van Rie A, Emch M, Gammon MD. 2016. Air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis: a nested case-control study among members of a Northern California health plan. Environ Health Perspect 124:761-768; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408166.
Trauma training in low and middle income countries: A scoping review of ATLS alternatives
Creators: name: Brown, Heather
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: ATLS although standard in most high-income countries can be cost-prohibitive for many low and middle income countries and is often not context appropriate. A multitude of short-course multidisciplinary are being used in low and middle income countries to train front-line providers in care of the injured. The purpose of this review is to determine which courses are being used, who is being trained, and how effective these courses/what metrics are being used to determine success.
Topological vortices in generalized Born-Infeld-Higgs electrodynamics
Creators: name: Casana, R.
name: da Hora, E.
name: Rubiera-Garcia, D.
name: Santos, C. dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A consistent BPS formalism to study the existence of topological axially symmetric vortices in generalized versions of the Born-Infeld-Higgs electrodynamics is implemented. Such a generalization modifies the field dynamics via introduction of three non-negative functions depending only in the Higgs field, namely, $G(|ϕ|)$, $w(|ϕ|) $ and $V(|ϕ|)$. A set of first-order differential equations is attained when these functions satisfy a constraint related to the Ampere law. Such a constraint allows to minimize the system energy in such way that it becomes proportional to the magnetic flux. Our results provides an enhancement of topological vortex solutions in Born-Infeld-Higgs electrodynamics. Finally, we analyze a set of models such that a generalized version of Maxwell-Higgs electrodynamics is recovered in a certain limit of the theory.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, to appear in EPJC
The Clinical Utility of Nostalgia for People Engaging in Harmful Behaviours: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Dowson, Mackenzie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Substance Abuse and Addiction
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Health Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This project was already been registered using PROSPERO, prior to conducting the study (in June 2022). However, we are unable to retroactively anonymize that link for the process of peer-review and publication. As such, we have created a copy of the pre-registration here. We will replace the link that is currently in the manuscript with the original pre-registration link should this paper be accepted for publication.
The Ideal Diet for Humans to Sustainably Feed The Growing Population
Creators: name: Goldfarb, Galit
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Education
subject: best diet for health
subject: diet for health
subject: early human diet
subject: human evolution and diet
subject: nutrition
subject: nutrition and disease
subject: nutrition for health
subject: optimal diet
subject: optimal nutrition
subject: Optimal nutrition
subject: The Ideal Diet for Humans to Sustainably Feed The Growing Population

description: INTRODUCTION: As of now, no study has combined research from different sciences to determine the most suitable diet for humans. This issue is urgent due to the predicted population growth, the deterioration of human health with age and associated costs, and the effect on the environment. METHODS: A literature review determined whether an optimal diet for humans exists and what such a diet is, followed by six meta-analyses. The standard criteria for conducting meta-analyses of observational studies was followed. A review of literature reporting Hazard Ratios with a 95% confidence interval for red meat intake, dairy intake, plant-based diet, fiber intake, and serum IGF-1 levels were extracted to calculate effect sizes. RESULTS: Results calculated using NCSS software show that high meat consumption increases mortality probability by 18% on average, plant-based and high-fiber diets decrease mortality by 15% and 20% respectively (p < .001). Plant-based diets decreased diabetes risk by 27%, and dairy consumption (measured by increased IGF-1 levels) increased cancer probability by 48% (p < 0.01). On the other hand, a vegetarian or Mediterranean diet was not found to decrease the probability of heart disease. A vegetarian diet can be healthy or not, depending on the foods consumed. A Mediterranean diet with high quantities of meat and dairy products will not produce the health effects desired. The main limitations of the study were that observational studies were heterogeneous and limited by potential confounders. DISCUSSION: The literature and meta-analyses point to an optimal diet for humans that has followed our species from the beginnings of humankind, allowing our species to become the most developed on Earth. The optimal diet is a whole food, high fiber, low-fat, 90+% plant-based diet. To ensure people’s nutritional needs are met healthily and sustainably, governmental dietary interventions are necessary.
Chronic Exposure to Arsenic and Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chihuahua, Mexico
Creators: name: González-Horta, Carmen
name: Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S.
name: Cerón, Roberto Hernández
name: Morales, Damián Viniegra
name: Ishida, María C.
name: Sánchez-Ramírez, Blanca
name: Saunders, R. Jesse
name: Del Razo, Luz M.
name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
name: Loomis, Dana
name: García-Vargas, Gonzalo G.
name: Buse, John B.
name: Baeza Terrazas, Francisco A.
name: Mendez, Michelle A.
name: Ballinas-Casarrubias, Lourdes
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BackgroundExposure to arsenic (As) concentrations in drinking water > 150 μg/L has been associated with risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the effects of lower exposures.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether moderate As exposure, or indicators of individual As metabolism at these levels of exposure, are associated with cardiometabolic risk.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional associations between arsenic exposure and multiple markers of cardiometabolic risk using drinking-water As measurements and urinary As species data obtained from 1,160 adults in Chihuahua, Mexico, who were recruited in 2008–2013. Fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, the results of an oral glucose tolerance test, and blood pressure were used to characterize cardiometabolic risk. Multivariable logistic, multinomial, and linear regression were used to assess associations between cardiometabolic outcomes and water As or the sum of inorganic and methylated As species in urine.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, concentrations in the second quartile of water As (25.5 to < 47.9 μg/L) and concentrations of total speciated urinary As (< 55.8 μg/L) below the median were significantly associated with elevated triglycerides, high total cholesterol, and diabetes. However, moderate water and urinary As levels were also positively associated with HDL cholesterol. Associations between arsenic exposure and both dysglycemia and triglyceridemia were higher among individuals with higher proportions of dimethylarsenic in urine.ConclusionsModerate exposure to As may increase cardiometabolic risk, particularly in individuals with high proportions of urinary dimethylarsenic. In this cohort, As exposure was associated with several markers of increased cardiometabolic risk (diabetes, triglyceridemia, and cholesterolemia), but exposure was also associated with higher rather than lower HDL cholesterol.CitationMendez MA, González-Horta C, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Hernández Cerón R, Viniegra Morales D, Baeza Terrazas FA, Ishida MC, Gutiérrez-Torres DS, Saunders RJ, Drobná Z, Fry RC, Buse JB, Loomis D, García-Vargas GG, Del Razo LM, Stýblo M. 2016. Chronic exposure to arsenic and markers of cardiometabolic risk: a cross-sectional study in Chihuahua, Mexico. Environ Health Perspect 124:104–111; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408742
Changes in mammography screening in Ontario and Alberta following national guideline dissemination: an interrupted time series analysis
Creators: name: Hub, Wellness
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Women's Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Community Health and Preventive Medicine
subject: Health Services Research

description: The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (Task Force) was reconstituted in 2009 to develop and disseminate evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to support preventive practices in primary care. In 2011, the Task Force aimed to provide a recent review of evidence to inform breast cancer screening practices. In keeping with the use of Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, the Task Force reviewed available evidence using a systematic review to develop screening guidelines for women at average risk of breast cancer. The Task Force developed weak recommendations based on moderate to low quality evidence. The guidelines also highlighted the need for clinicians to help patients make a decision that is consistent with the patient’s informed values and preferences. The “Changes in mammography screening in Ontario and Alberta following national guideline dissemination: an interrupted time series analysis” study is focused on evaluating the impact of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care’s dissemination strategy by investigating mammography use in Ontario and Alberta before and after the strategy was implemented. This study was conducted to determine using an interrupted time series the impact of the 2011 Task Force breast cancer screening guidelines on rates of mammography screening by age group in Ontario and Alberta.
Perception training in the classroom
Creators: name: Hommel, Marlisa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: English Language and Literature
subject: Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Education

description: English perception training sessions for second language learners (specifically for Dutch language learners). It is investigated whether Dutch high school students (aged 19) benefit from English (five) perceptual training sessions. The data contains students' responses on the pretest, posttest and retention test.
Health-related rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities
Creators: name: Gillitzer, Stefanie
name: Thienel, Christine
name: Stucke, Jana
name: Meyer, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This is a scoping review of the literature and research registries to identify current knowledge, research activities and gaps regarding health-related rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities
Anion emission from water molecules colliding with positive ions: Identification of binary and many-body processes
Creators: name: Chesnel, J. -Y.
name: Juhász, Z.
name: Lattouf, E.
name: Tanis, J. A.
name: Huber, B. A.
name: Bene, E.
name: Kovács, S. T. S.
name: Herczku, P.
name: Méry, A.
name: Poully, J. -C.
name: Rangama, J.
name: Sulik, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that negative ions are ejected from gas-phase water molecules when bombarded with positive ions at keV energies typical of solar-wind velocities. This finding is relevant for studies of planetary and cometary atmospheres, as well as for radiolysis and radiobiology. Emission of both H- and heavier (O- and OH-) anions, with a larger yield for H-, was observed in 6.6-keV 16O+ + H2O collisions. The ex-perimental setup allowed separate identification of anions formed in collisions with many-body dynamics from those created in hard, binary collisions. Most of the ani-ons are emitted with low kinetic energy due to many-body processes. Model calcu-lations show that both nucleus-nucleus interactions and electronic excitations con-tribute to the observed large anion emission yield.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and the Association between Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
Creators: name: Shih, Regina A.
name: Bird, Chloe E.
name: Chi, Gloria C.
name: Kaufman, Joel D.
name: Whitsel, Eric A.
name: Cullen, Mark R.
name: Stefanick, Marcia L.
name: Griffin, Beth Ann
name: Vedal, Sverre
name: Miller, Kristin A.
name: Hajat, Anjum
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is linked with cardiovascular disease, and disadvantaged status may increase susceptibility to air pollution-related health effects. In addition, there are concerns that this association may be partially explained by confounding by socioeconomic status (SES).

OBJECTIVES: We examined the roles that individual- and neighborhood-level SES (NSES) play in the association between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular disease.

METHODS: The study population comprised 51,754 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. PM2.5 concentrations were predicted at participant residences using fine-scale regionalized universal kriging models. We assessed individual-level SES and NSES (Census-tract level) across several SES domains including education, occupation, and income/wealth, as well as through an NSES score, which captures several important dimensions of SES. Cox proportional-hazards regression adjusted for SES factors and other covariates to determine the risk of a first cardiovascular event.

RESULTS: A 5 μg/m3 higher exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 13% increased risk of cardiovascular event [hazard ratio (HR) 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.26]. Adjustment for SES factors did not meaningfully affect the risk estimate. Higher risk estimates were observed among participants living in low-SES neighborhoods. The most and least disadvantaged quartiles of the NSES score had HRs of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.61) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.07), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Women with lower NSES may be more susceptible to air pollution-related health effects. The association between air pollution and cardiovascular disease was not explained by confounding from individual-level SES or NSES. Citation: Chi GC, Hajat A, Bird CE, Cullen MR, Griffin BA, Miller KA, Shih RA, Stefanick ML, Vedal S, Whitsel EA, Kaufman JD. 2016. Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and the association between air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Environ Health Perspect 124:1840-1847; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP199.
Mean field study of the topological Haldane-Hubbard model of spin-$1/2$ fermions
Creators: name: Arun, V. S.
name: Sohal, R.
name: Hickey, C.
name: Paramekanti, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by exploring the effect of interactions on Chern insulators, and by recent experiments realizing topological bands for ultracold atoms in synthetic gauge fields, we study the honeycomb lattice Haldane-Hubbard model of spin-$1/2$ fermions. Using an unrestricted mean field approach, we map out the instability of the topological band insulator towards magnetically ordered insulators which emerge with increasing Hubbard repulsion. In addition to the topological Néel phase, we recover various chiral noncoplanar magnetic orders previously identified within a strong coupling approach. We compute the band structure of these ordered phases, showing that the triple-$Q$ tetrahedral phase harbors topological Chern bands with large Chern numbers.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, PRB version
Application of the transferred matrix method to a unified evaluation of the cathodic electron emission
Creators: name: Baeva, M.
Publisher: name: New York, NY : American Inst. of Physics
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analytical approximation
subject: Electric field strength
subject: Emission current density
subject: Fermi-Dirac distribution
subject: Potential barriers
subject: Refractory cathodes
subject: Surface temperatures
subject: Transmission probabilities
subject: 530

description: The work is concerned with the Transfer Matrix Method for solving the steady-state Schrödinger equation applied for a unified evaluation of the emission current density from non-refractory cathodes. The method is applicable to arbitrary shapes of the potential barrier and its transmission probability is obtained without any analytical approximations. The Fermi-Dirac distribution for the free electrons in the metal is considered as a supply function. The results, obtained for a work function of the cathode material of 4.5 eV over a wide range of values of the surface temperature and the electric field strength, clearly show a growing deviation from those obtained by the classical Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation with the increase of the electric field strength. Preliminary results are obtained to demonstrate the applicability of the Transfer Matrix method to the evaluation of the ion-assisted electron emission. A significant local enhancement of the emission current density is obtained as a result of the presence of an ion at a fixed position near the metal surface. The effect becomes very strongly pronounced at an appropriate value of the electric field strength, for which a resonant ion contribution appears.