cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Neuroinflammation and Alpha-Synuclein Oligomer Toxicity in the Pathogenesis of Lewy Body Dementia and Parkinson's Disease
Creators: name: La Vitola, Pietro
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: Aggregated α-synuclein has emerged as the core constituent of the typical neuronal inclusions found in Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia. Therefore, huge efforts have been made to unveil the mechanisms underlying α-syn toxicity. Accumulating evidence suggests extracellular α-synuclein oligomers (α-synOs) as potential culprits involved in the neurodegenerative process. To elucidate the pathways mediating α-synO non-cell- autonomous actions, several mechanisms including uncontrolled neuroinflammatory responses and protein-protein interactions have been put forward.

 Through an acute model based on the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of α-synuclein monomers, oligomers or fibrils in C57BL/6N mice we demonstrate that only α-synOs impair memory establishment in association with glial activation. Furthermore, our findings identify neuroinflammation as a driving force of α-synO detrimental action on memory, and the involvement of the Toll-like receptor 2. Based on recent data depicting the cellular prion protein (PrPC) as an α-synO interactor, we have further investigated its role in fostering α- synO harmful activities. We found that PrPC does not mediate α-synO toxicity in vitro or α- synO-induced memory deficiency in vivo. In fact, PrPC knock-out mice ICV injected with α-synOs display both memory impairment and gliosis. Consistently, our in vitro biochemical studies do not reveal any direct PrPC-α-synO binding.

 To evaluate the influence of neuroinflammation on PD pathogenesis, we have developed a “double-hit” approach. Using an acute mouse model based on the peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subsequent ICV injection of α-synOs at an inactive dose, we demonstrate that the LPS induces a long-lasting neuroinflammatory response enhancing α-synO actions. Moreover, we show that the LPS peripheral administration worsens cognitive deficits even in an A53T PD mouse model. Altogether, by identifying neuroinflammation as an α-synO-mediator and as a factor influencing the initiation/progressions of PD, we highlight it as a valuable research topic to identify potential targets for developing new therapeutic strategies.
Neural network classification of eigenmodes in the magnetohydrodynamic spectroscopy code Legolas
Creators: name: De Jonghe, Jordi
name: Kuczyński, Michał D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To predict the immediate evolution of a plasma system, one needs to identify the nature of the dominant instability. In this work, a neural network is employed to address a non-binary classification problem of instabilities in astrophysical jets, whose natural oscillations and instabilities are quantified with the magnetohydrodynamic spectroscopy code Legolas. The trained models exhibit reliable performance in the identification of the two instability types supported by these jets. To improve the neural network aided classification process, techniques for training data augmentation and refinement of predictions for general eigenproblems are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in Neural Computing and Applications
Additional file 1 of Socioeconomic resources and quality of life in alcohol use disorder patients: the mediating effects of social support and depression
Creators: name: Lee, Soo
name: Sulki Chung
name: Seo, Jeong
name: Jung, Won
name: Park, Il
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Correlations between major variables. The table describes correlation coefficients between major variables.
Dataset: Copy-based Reuse in Open Source Software
Creators: name: Jahanshahi, Mahmoud
name: Mockus, Audris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Open Source Software, the source code and any other resources available in a project can be viewed or reused by anyone subject to often permissive licensing restrictions. In contrast to some studies of dependency-based reuse supported via package managers, no studies of OSS-wide copy-based reuse exist. This dataset seeks to encourage the studies of OSS-wide copy-based reuse by providing copying activity data that captures whole-file reuse in nearly all OSS. To accomplish that, we develop approaches to detect copy-based reuse by developing an efficient algorithm that exploits World of Code infrastructure: a curated and cross referenced collection of nearly all open source repositories. We expect this data to enable future research and tool development that support such reuse and minimize associated risks.
On the AdS/CFT Dual of Deconstruction
Creators: name: Brax, Ph.
name: Janik, R. A.
name: Peschanski, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of non-supersymmetric gauge theories obtained by orbifolding the N=4 super-Yang-Mills theories. We focus on the resulting quiver theories in their deconstructed phase, both at small and large coupling, where a fifth dimension opens up. In particular we investigate the rôle played by this extra dimension when evaluating the rectangular Wilson loops encoding the interaction potential between quarks located at different points in the orbifold. The large coupling potential of the deconstructed quiver theory is determined using the AdS/CFT correspondence and analysing the corresponding minimal surface solution for the dual gravitational metric. At small coupling, the potential between quarks decreases with their angular distance while at strong coupling we find a linear dependence at large distance along the (deconstructed) fifth dimension.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Bujumbura 2050 : A New Design Matrix
Creators: name: Ndemeye, Lys Divine
name: Kang, Yilang Karen
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: The history of vertical living has been continuously and dynamically evolving in parallel with the history of urban development. As African cities are continuously experiencing rapid urban growth, foreign-driven, mega-urban projects are radically shifting the physical, socio-cultural and economic makeup of these emerging cities. A major shortcoming of these projects is their inability to account for the spirit and specific phenomenologies of the place in which they are built. Bujumbura 2050-A New Design Matrix rejects this placeless, global urbanist approach, and develops a design strategy that engages and sustains local identity, culture and phenomenology. This project asks: What will be the optimal urban block typologies for meeting the socio-cultural, economic and environmental demands of Bujumbura 2050? Using the principles of relational urbanism, urban ecology and incrementalism, the proposed solution transforms an existing golf course into a dense, flexible, multi-functional urban block which enriches the existing urban fabric of Bujumbura.
Effects of Financial Service Delivery and Trade Openness on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1970-2010): Implications for Nigerian Agricultural Trade Development
Creators: name: Onoja, A.O.
name: Achike, A.I.
name: Onoja, A.O.
name: Achike, A.I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
International Relations/Trade

description: The study identified the major long-run determinants of economic growth in Nigeria with emphasis on financial services delivery and trade liberalization. It also discussed the trend of financial services performance, economic growth and trade openness in the economy alongside the policy implications of the findings for agricultural transformation in Nigeria. It relied on time series data spanning over 41 years (1970-2010), obtained from World Bank and Central Bank of Nigeria. Unit root tests were performed after which the bound testing for co-integration (Autoregressive Distributed Lagged [ADRL]) model was used. The results indicated a combination of downward and upward swinging trend of economic growth rate and financial services performance from 2004 to 2010. Agricultural growth, financial service performance and trade openness appeared to be moving in similar directions. The ARDL model estimated had an estimated F-ratio of 25.47, (p<0.05 with upper value of 5.966) signifying that there is co-integration among the series. The empirical results of the long-run model obtained by normalizing the explanatory variables on the log of real GDP indicated that financial services delivery (M2) indicated a significant positive relationship with economic growth (real GDP) at p <0.05. It was recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria and its Central Bank should pursue implementation of effective macro-economic policies along with momentous improvements in the structure and functioning systems of governance for stabilising economic growth along financial liberalisation reforms among other recommendations. Need to also use the financial service sector to improve agricultural growth via increased access of farmers to long-term loans was recommended.
Human-Fire Interactions: A Global Database
Creators: name: Perkins, Oliver
name: Smith, Cathy
name: Millington, James
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: wildfire
land use
traditional ecological knowledge
meta-analysis

description: Presented at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting, April 2021 Abstract Empirical studies of human use and management of fire in landscapes around the world have been conducted in many different academic fields, including anthropology, geography, land economics and ecology. However, as a consequence, the literature on the subject is fragmented, appearing across a diverse range of publications. The lack of a systematic empirical basis for understanding human impacts on wildfire regimes presents a challenge to incorporating anthropogenic fire into global-scale biophysical models. For example, representation of anthropogenic fire in dynamic global vegetation models still relies on few readily available metrics of human activity, such as population density and GDP. To address this challenge, we conducted a global meta-analysis of studies of human-fire interactions, spanning the spectrum of academic disciplines and grey literature. From this analysis we constructed a Database of Anthropogenic Fire Impacts (DAFI). DAFI currently contains nearly 1800 case studies of fire use and management in >100 countries from >500 publications. Here, we present an overview of the structure and content of DAFI with visualization and analysis of the key variables. We find that seven fire-use types dominate the data, accounting for >90% of all fire-use instances. We show how human fire use is closely linked to land user intentions, with distinct fire regimes emerging from differing biomes and levels of economic development. We highlight gaps in the literature, the limitations of spatially-coarse remote sensing data for studying anthropogenic fire regimes and discuss ongoing work to synthesise understanding of human fire suppression behaviours and traditional fire knowledge.
description: This version provides corrected values in the DAFI Records (%) column of Table 2. It also clarifies in the headline that the 1800 studies are case studies.
Scalar brane backgrounds in higher order curvature gravity
Creators: name: Charmousis, Christos
name: Davis, Stephen C.
name: Dufaux, Jean-Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate maximally symmetric brane world solutions with a scalar field. Five-dimensional bulk gravity is described by a general lagrangian which yields field equations containing no higher than second order derivatives. This includes the Gauss-Bonnet combination for the graviton. Stability and gravitational properties of such solutions are considered, and we particularily emphasise the modifications induced by the higher order terms. In particular it is shown that higher curvature corrections to Einstein theory can give rise to instabilities in brane world solutions. A method for analytically obtaining the general solution for such actions is outlined. Genericaly, the requirement of a finite volume element together with the absence of a naked singularity in the bulk imposes fine-tuning of the brane tension. A model with a moduli scalar field is analysed in detail and we address questions of instability and non-singular self-tuning solutions. In particular, we discuss a case with a normalisable zero mode but infinite volume element.
description: published version
Unexpected Near-Infrared to Visible Non-linear Optical Properties from Two-Dimensional Polar Metals
Creators: name: Steves, Megan A.
name: Wang, Yuanxi
name: Briggs, Natalie
name: Zhao, Tian
name: El-Sherif, Hesham
name: Bersch, Brian
name: Subramanian, Shruti
name: Dong, Chengye
name: Bowen, Timothy
name: Duran, Ana De La Fuente
name: Nisi, Katharina
name: Lassaunière, Margaux
name: Wurstbauer, Ursula
name: Bassim, Nabil
name: Fonseca, Jose J.
name: Robinson, Jeremy T.
name: Crespi, Vincent
name: Robinson, Joshua
name: Knappenberger, Kenneth L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-infrared-to-visible second harmonic generation from air-stable two-dimensional polar gallium and indium metals is described. The photonic properties of 2D metals - including the largest second-order susceptibilities reported for metals (approaching 10nm$^2$/V) - are determined by the atomic-level structure and bonding of two-to-three-atom-thick crystalline films. The bond character evolved from covalent to metallic over a few atomic layers, changing the out-of-plane metal-metal bond distances by approximately ten percent (0.2 $\unicode{x212B}$), resulting in symmetry breaking and an axial electrostatic dipole that mediated the large nonlinear response. Two different orientations of the crystalline metal atoms, corresponding to lateral displacements < 2 $\unicode{x212B}$, persisted in separate micron-scale terraces to generate distinct harmonic polarizations. This strong atomic-level structure-property interplay suggests metal photonic properties can be controlled with atomic precision.
Laser Thomson Scattering Measurements around Magnetized Model in Rarefied Argon Arcjet Plume
Creators: name: Katsurayama, H.
name: Wada, R.
name: Moriyama, K.
name: Tomita, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To elucidate the role of the Hall effect in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) aerobraking in rarefied flows,we measured the radial distributions of electron temperature and density in front of a magnetized model in a rarefied argon arcjet wind tunnel using the laser Thomson scattering method. We also developed a water-cooled magnetized model to prevent thermal demagnetization during the measurement. The measured electron density distributions were in excellent agreement with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions. It was also found that the magnetic field had little effect on the electron density distribution around the model. In the case without the magnetic field, the measured electron temperature almost agreed with the CFD prediction. However, the measured electron temperature increase caused by applying the magnetic field was about 1,000 K less than that of the CFD prediction. This discrepancy indicates that the location of an insulating boundary in the plasma is far from the model.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of 20th International Symposium on Laser-Aided Plasma Diagnostics. This version is the preprint of the accepted manuscript published in Journal of Instrumentation (JINST)
The Nexus Between Horticultural Farming, Biotechnology and Food Security in Ghana
Creators: name: Asem, F.E.
name: Asem, F.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Food Security
subject: Horticulture
subject: Smallholder Farming

description: Horticultural exports contribute immensely to Ghanaian agriculture and rural development, by generating pro-poor growth and developing non-traditional exports. With appropriate policies and technologies like biotechnology, horticulture increases the incomes of smallholder farmers, enhancing rural development cap is her inability to sustain export growth on the open market. Currently, only about 40,000MT out of the 100,000MT of pineapples demanded by markets across Europe from Ghana can be produced. Although conventional plant breeding techniques have made considerable progress in the development of improved varieties, they have not been able to keep pace with the increasing demand for vegetables and fruits in developing countries. There is the need to integrate biotechnology to speed up crop improvement programmes. Biotechnological tools have revolutionized the entire crop improvement programs by providing new strains of plants, supply of planting material, more efficient and selective pesticides and improved fertilizers. This study examined the link and interrelationship between horticultural farming, biotechnology and food security. The impact of biotechnology on the welfare of smallholder farmers was also analyzed. The paper concludes that the role of biotechnology in food security in Ghana cannot be overemphasized but still has a long way to go. Agricultural production and productivity problems in developing countries like Ghana go beyond technological solutions alone; already existing challenges of smallholder farmers should be addressed first. Biotechnology could however contribute to sustainable development by increasing agricultural productivity using new breeding techniques. It can also increase the revenues in agricultural production.
Sound attenuation on the Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons in TlCuCl_3
Creators: name: Sherman, E. Ya.
name: Lemmens, P.
name: Busse, B.
name: Oosawa, A.
name: Tanaka, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated experimentally and theoretically sound attenuation in the quantum spin system TlCuCl_3 in magnetic fields at low temperatures. Near the point of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of magnons a sharp peak in the sound attenuation is observed. The peak demonstrates a hysteresis as function of the magnetic field pointing to a first-order contribution to the transition. The sound damping has a Drude-like form arising as a result of hardcore magnon-magnon collisions. The strength of the coupling between lattice and magnons is estimated from the experimental data. The puzzling relationship between the transition temperature and the concentration of magnons is explained by their "relativistic" dispersion.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in PRL
Field dynamics and kink-antikink production in rapidly expanding systems
Creators: name: Holzwarth, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Field dynamics in a rapidly expanding system is investigated by transforming from space-time to the rapidity - proper-time frame. The proper-time dependence of different contributions to the total energy is established. For systems characterized by a finite momentum cut-off, a freeze-out time can be defined after which the field propagation in rapidity space ends and the system decays into decoupled solitons, antisolitons and local vacuum fluctuations. Numerical simulations of field evolutions on a lattice for the (1+1)-dimensional $Φ^4$ model illustrate the general results and show that the freeze-out time and average multiplicities of kinks (plus antikinks) produced in this 'phase transition' can be obtained from simple averages over the initial ensemble of field configurations. An extension to explicitly include additional dissipation is discussed. The validity of an adiabatic approximation for the case of an overdamped system is investigated. The (3+1)-dimensional generalization may serve as model for baryon-antibaryon production after heavy-ion collisions.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. Two references added. New subsection III.E added. Final version accepted for publication in PRD
Search for time modulations in the Gallex/GNO solar neutrino data
Creators: name: Pandola, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The final data of the Gallex and GNO radiochemical experiments have been searched for possible time modulations of the solar neutrino capture rate using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram and the maximum likelihood methods. Both analyses, performed using the raw data, do not support the presence of a time variability with characteristic periods resembling those of rotation of the solar magnetic fields, as previously suggested in the literature by some authors. In this context, the potential sensitivity of the Lomb-Scargle method to radiochemical 71Ga data has also been explored with simulated data. This allowed to set an exclusion plot in the frequency/amplitude plane from the Gallex-GNO dataset.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Pseudospectrum of de Sitter black holes
Creators: name: Destounis, Kyriakos
name: Boyanov, Valentin
name: Macedo, Rodrigo Panosso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pseudospectral analyses have broadened our understanding of ringdown waveforms from binary remnants, by providing insight into both the stability of their characteristic frequencies under environmental perturbations, as well as the underlying transient and non-modal phenomenology that a mode analysis may miss. In this work we present the pseudospectrum of scalar perturbations on spherically-symmetric black holes in de Sitter spacetimes. We expand upon previous analyses in this setting by calculating the pseudospectrum of Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black holes, and revisit results regarding the stability of quasinormal modes under perturbations in several cases. Of particular note is the case of scalar quasinormal modes with angular parameter $\ell=0$, which possess a zero mode related to the presence of a cosmological horizon. We show that the non-trivial eigenfunction associated to this mode has a vanishing energy norm which poses a challenge in quantifying the magnitude of external perturbations to the wave equation's potential, as well as in calculating the pseudospectrum. Nonetheless, we present results which suggest that the spectral instability manifestation of $\ell=0$ scalar quasinormal modes is qualitatively the same as in other cases, in contrast to recent claims. We also analyze the stability of the fundamental mode for $\ell\ge1$, finding it to be spectrally stable, except for certain configurations in which a perturbation leads to a discontinuous overtaking of the fundamental unperturbed purely-imaginary mode by a perturbed complex quasinormal mode.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PRD
title: Dynamics Of Holomorphic Functions In The Hyperbolic Plane
Creators: name: Christodoulou, Argyrios
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: This thesis investigates the interactions between hyperbolic geometry and the dynamcal behaviour of compositions of holomorphic self-maps of the hyperbolic plane. Our analysis draws inspiration from iteration theory and the theory of discrete groups. First, we prove an inequality that quantifies how close a holomorphic function is to being a conformal self-map of the hyperbolic plane. This can be thought of as a rigidity result for conformal functions that involves the hyperbolic metric. We then use our rigidity result in order to study the dynamics of holomorphic self-maps of the hyperbolic plane. In particular, we investigate the behaviour of compositions of a sequence of functions that itself converges to some limit function. Our goal is to examine under what conditions the dynamics of the composition sequence is similar to the dynamics of the iterates of the limit function. Intuitively, this question is about whether the Denjoy–Wolff theorem is stable under perturbations in the space of holomorphic functions. Next, we focus on compositions of Möbius transformations. Due to a result of Jacques and Short, the dynamical behaviour of any composition sequence generated by finitely many Möbius transformations can be inferred from the topological properties, in the Möbius group, of the semigroup that these transformations generate. We introduce geometric conditions on these semigroups that allow us to interpret their topological behaviour. Finally, we use our analysis of semigroups of Möbius transformations in order to study the parameter space of uniformly hyperbolic PSL(2,R)-cocycles. This topic was previously investigated by Avila, Bochi and Yoccoz, who proved that the uniform hyperbolicity of cocycles is equivalent to certain geometric properties of Möbius transformations in PSL(2,R). The three authors pose several questions about the structure of this parameter space and we provide answers to two of their questions.
Evidence of dust grain evolution from extinction mapping in the IC 63 photodissociation region
Creators: name: Van De Putte, Dries
name: Gordon, Karl D.
name: Roman-Duval, Julia
name: Williams, Benjamin F.
name: Baes, Maarten
name: Tchernyshyov, Kirill
name: Lawton, Brandon L.
name: Arab, Heddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photodissociation regions (PDRs) are parts of the ISM consisting of predominantly neutral gas, located at the interface between H II regions and molecular clouds. The physical conditions within these regions show variations on very short spatial scales, and therefore PDRs constitute ideal laboratories for investigating the properties and evolution of dust grains. We have mapped IC 63 at high resolution from the UV to the NIR (275 nm to 1.6 $μ$m), using the Hubble Space Telescope WFC3. Using a Bayesian SED fitting tool, we simultaneously derive a set of stellar ($T_\text{eff}$, $\log(g)$, distance) and extinction ($A_V$, $R_V$) parameters for 520 background stars. We present maps of $A_V$ and $R_V$ with a resolution of 25 arcsec based on these results. The extinction properties vary across the PDR, with values for $A_V$ between 0.5 and 1.4 mag, and a decreasing trend in $R_V$, going from 3.7 at the front of the nebula to values as low as 2.5 further in. This provides evidence for evolution of the dust optical properties. We fit two modified blackbodies to the MIR and FIR SED, obtained by combining the $A_V$ map with data from Spitzer and Herschel. We derive effective temperatures (30 K and 227 K) and the ratio of opacities at 160 $μ$m to V band $κ_{160} / κ_V$ ($7.0 \times 10^{-4}$ and $2.9 \times 10^{-9}$) for the two dust populations. Similar fits to individual pixels show spatial variations of $κ_{160} / κ_{V}$. The analysis of our HST data, combined with these Spitzer and Herschel data, provides the first panchromatic view of dust within a PDR.
description: 28 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Analysis of Technical Efficiency and its determinants in Rice Production: Evidence from Abia State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Ndubueze-Ogaraku, M.E.
name: Ogbonna, M.C.
name: Ndubueze-Ogaraku, M.E.
name: Ogbonna, M.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Rice production
subject: Stochastic frontier

description: The study was carried out to determine the technical efficiency of rice production in Abia State, Nigeria. It specifically analyzed the socio-economic characteristics of the rice farmers, the level of technical efficiency and inefficiency among rice farmers and identified the constraints of rice production in the study area. Data for the study were obtained from a total of 93 farmers and were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function model. The results showed majority (65.6%) of the rice farmers were in the age bracket (40 60 years), 58.1% of them were women and most of the farmers (48.4%) had farming experience of 11 years and above. A mean technical efficiency of 83% was recorded in the area. The gamma coefficient was (0.81) which implied that 81% of the variation of rice output from the production frontier was accounted by the technical inefficiency of the farmers. The major factors which influenced the farmers' technical efficiency were farm size and labour while gender and occupation exerted a significant effect on their inefficiency level. The major problem faced by the farmers were insufficient fund, pest and diseases, planting materials, high price of inputs, cost of production, access road and processing equipment. Improved production technology, land acquisition policies and mechanized labour was recommended for the government and ministries intervention.
Effects of Rice Farmers' Socioeconomic Characteristics on Child Labour Use in Imo State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Ejiogu, A.O.
name: Onyenoneke, E.C.
name: Ejiogu, A.O.
name: Onyenoneke, E.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Production Economics
subject: Rice farmers
subject: Labour use
subject: Socioeconomic
subject: Imo State

description: This study investigated the effect of rice farmers' socioeconomic characteristics on child labour use in Imo State of Nigeria. Specifically, the study determined the effect of the socioeconomic factors that affect rice farmers' use of child labour in Imo State. Primary data sources were used. Multi-stage random sampling was employed in choosing the respondents for this study. One local government area (LGA) in each of the three agricultural zones was purposively selected for the study based on suitability for rice production. Communities which are known for rice production were purposively selected from the selected LGAs. The list of rice farmers in each chosen community was obtained from Imo ADP. The list formed the sampling frame from which the respondent rice farmers were selected using random sampling procedure. Thirty rice farmers were selected from each community, making a sample size of 90.Data was analyzed with binary logistic regression technique. The variables namely gender, marital status, farm size, rice farmers' experience and family size were significant at 5% level while age and educational attainment were significant at 1% level. Furthermore, gender, marital status, family size, farm size, educational attainment and rice farm experience were statistically significant variables with negatively effect on the use of child labour. Age though statistically significant, had positive effect on the use of child labour. Efforts aimed at curbing the adverse effects of child labour should to all intents and purposes be fundamentally targeted at the predisposing socioeconomic factors.
Putative founder effect in the Polish, Iranian and United States populations for the L144S SOD1 mutation associated with slowly uniform phenotype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Creators: name: Kuźma-Kozakiewicz, Magdalena
name: Andersen, Peter M.
name: Elahe Elahi
name: Afagh Alavi
name: Sapp, Peter C.
name: Morita, Mitsuya
name: Żekanowski, Cezary
name: Berdyński, Mariusz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Mutations in SOD1 cause approximately 12–25% of familial ALS and ≈2% of apparently sporadic ALS cases. Clinical phenotypes linked to SOD1 mutations are heterogeneous and intra-familial variability of the clinical phenotype is frequently observed. SOD1 L144S mutation, identified also in Brazil, Iran and United States, is the second most frequent mutation among ALS patients in Poland. So far, 10 FALS pedigrees with SOD1 L144S mutation have been reported worldwide. The aim of the study was to establish the origin of SOD1 L144S mutation in geographically distinct populations. The clinical presentation of the Polish patients was compared with those from the previously reported populations (26 ever-reported patients). Clinically, L144S mutation is associated with both sporadic and familial ALS of relatively slow uniform course, a prevalent onset in the lower limbs, either classic or PMA presentation and a long survival time. Like in the case of other previously described SOD1 mutations, there was an intra-familial heterogeneity and reduced penetrance for ALS was observed. We propose that the L144S SOD1 mutation in the three studied populations has a common founder most likely of Polish origin.
Notes on Romania's Agricultural Economy
Creators: name: Bickley, Lynn S.
name: Bickley, Lynn S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Romania
subject: Foreign agriculture

description: The report presents highlights of Romania's agricultural policy, production, and trade. Data from the late 1960's are compared with earlier data.
Tonio HÖLSCHER, Die Geschöpfe des Daidalos. Vom sozialen Leben der griechischen Bildwerke
Creators: name: Räuchle, Viktoria
Publisher: name: Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft
Year: 2022

description: Rezension zu: Tonio Hölscher, Die Geschöpfe des Daidalos. Vom sozialen Leben der griechischen Bildwerke. Heidelberg: Verlag Antike 2017, 215 S., 54 s/w-Abb., EUR 40,00. ISBN: 978-3-946317-16-6
description: Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (2021): Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft
Heterogeneity of predictors of nocturnal hypoventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Creators: name: Crescimanno, Grazia
name: Sorano, Alessandra
name: Greco, Francesca
name: Canino, Maria
name: Abbate, Alessia
name: Marrone, Oreste
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), early recognition of nocturnal hypoventilation (NH) is essential to start noninvasive ventilation (NIV), but nocturnal transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) is difficult to monitor. Usefulness of respiratory and muscular function test in the prediction of NH has been explored without distinguishing among ALS phenotypes. We evaluated cross-sectional relationships between functional tests and nocturnal PCO2, and the best predictors of NH, separately in patients with spinal and bulbar onset of ALS. Methods: ALS patients candidate to NIV were recruited. Diurnal respiratory and muscular function tests and nocturnal polysomnography with PtcCO2 monitoring were performed. NH was defined as peak PtcCO2 >49 mm Hg. Results: Thirty-six patients with spinal and 11 with bulbar onset ALS were included. Nocturnal oxygen saturation and PtcCO2, and proportion of subjects with NH were similar in each group (spinal: 50%; bulbar: 45.5%). Significant differences between groups were found in forced vital capacity (p = 0.03), maximal inspiratory pressure (p = 0.01) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) (p = 0.007), but not in diurnal arterial blood gases. In the spinal group, SNIP and Base Excess (BE) independently predicted nocturnal PtcCO2 (R2 0.59, p 2, but it varied little in relationship to PtcCO2 changes. Conclusions: Respiratory and muscle function parameters are differently related to NH in ALS patients with spinal and bulbar presentation. SNIP and BE may be helpful to reveal NH in spinal patients, while in bulbar patients no respiratory or muscle function tests may reliably predict NH.
Gold Mining and Education: A Long-run Resource Curse in Africa?
Creators: name: Ahlerup, Pelle
name: Thushyanthan Baskaran
name: Bigsten, Arne
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Combining Afrobarometer survey data with geocoded data on the discovery and shutdown dates of gold mines, we show that individuals who had gold mines within their district when they were in adolescence have significantly lower educational attainment as adults. Exploring mechanisms, we find that this effect is not driven by endogenous migration, nor a higher incidence of conflicts, nor by a lower provision of schools in mining districts. While data limitations prevent us from fully exploring other channels, prior work as well as suggestive evidence point towards a higher incidence of child labour in mining district as the main mechanism.
On the Absence of High-Redshift AGNs: Little Growth in the Supermassive Black Hole Population at High Redshifts
Creators: name: Cowie, L. L.
name: Barger, A. J.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Gonzalez-Lopez, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for high-redshift (z>4.5) X-ray AGNs in the deep central (off-axis angle <5.7') region of the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South X-ray image. We compile an initial candidate sample from direct X-ray detections. We then probe more deeply in the X-ray data by using pre-selected samples with high spatial resolution NIR/MIR (HST 1.6 micron and Spitzer 4.5 micron) and submillimeter (ALMA 850 micron) observations. The combination of the NIR/MIR and submillimeter pre-selections allows us to find X-ray sources with a wide range of dust properties and spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We use the SEDs from the optical to the submillimeter to determine if previous photometric redshifts were plausible. Only five possible z>5 X-ray AGNs are found, all of which might also lie at lower redshifts. If they do lie at high redshifts, then two are Compton-thick AGNs, and three are ALMA 850 micron sources. We find that (i) the number density of X-ray AGNs is dropping rapidly at high redshifts, (ii) the detected AGNs do not contribute significantly to the photoionization at z>5, and (iii) the measured X-ray light density over z=5-10 implies a very low black hole accretion density with very little growth in the black hole mass density in this redshift range.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
8621: Prisoner of War in Germany
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Reminiscences by a Prisoner of War in Germany in 1918
Population Dynamics, Urbanisation without Growth, and the Rise of Megacities
Creators: name: Castells-Quintana, David
name: Wenban-Smith, Hugh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: That urbanisation in many developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, is not delivering the kind of benefits that might be expected in the light of experience elsewhere in the world is now widely acknowledged. This urbanisation without growth has been the focus of recent research in both the development and urban economics literature. In this paper, we focus on demographic factors and develop a simple dynamic model to describe internal migrations, the evolution of the urban rate and total productivity, and how these are affected by population growth and investments in urban infrastructure. Our model can predict basic trends in the data, including urbanisation without growth and the rise of (poor) megacities. We complement the model with empirical evidence using (i) international cross-country panel data; and (ii) regional data from Tanzania.
Additional file 1 of Staging laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology in patients with early stage gastric adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Allen, Casey
name: Blumenthaler, Alisa
name: Prajnan Das
name: Minsky, Bruce
name: Blum, Mariela
name: Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
name: Jaffer Ajani
name: Naruhiko Ikoma
name: Mansfield, Paul
name: Badgwell, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1:Table S1. Radiological features of the preoperative imaging in ten early clinical stage patients with +SL/PC.
Second-order corrections to slow-roll inflation in the brane cosmology
Creators: name: Kim, Kyung Hee
name: Lee, Hyung Won
name: Myung, Yun Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the power spectrum, spectral index, and running spectral index for the RS-II brane inflation in the high-energy regime using the slow-roll expansion. There exist several modifications. As an example, we take the power-law inflation by choosing an inverse power-law potential. When comparing these with those arisen in the standard inflation, we find that the power spectrum is enhanced and the spectral index is suppressed, while the running spectral index becomes zero as in the standard inflation. However, since second-order corrections are rather small, these could not play a role of distinguishing between standard and brane inflations.
description: 6 pages
Holographic Vector Field Electron Tomography of Three-Dimensional Nanomagnets
Creators: name: Wolf, Daniel
name: Biziere, Nicolas
name: Sturm, Sebastian
name: Reyes, David
name: Wade, Travis
name: Niermann, Tore
name: Krehl, Jonas
name: Warot-Fonrose, Benedicte
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Snoeck, Etienne
name: Gatel, Christophe
name: Lubk, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex 3D magnetic textures in nanomagnets exhibit rich physical properties, for example in their dynamic interaction with external fields and currents, and play an increasing role for current technological challenges such as energy-efficient memory devices. To study these magnetic nanostructures including their dependency on geometry, composition and crystallinity, a 3D characterization of the magnetic field with nanometer spatial resolution is indispensable. Here we show how holographic vector field electron tomography can reconstruct all three components of magnetic induction as well as the electrostatic potential of a Co/Cu nanowire with sub 10\,nm spatial resolution. We address the workflow from acquisition, via image alignment to holographic and tomographic reconstruction. Combining the obtained tomographic data with micromagnetic considerations we derive local key magnetic characteristics, such as magnetization current or exchange stiffness, and demonstrate how magnetization configurations, such as vortex states in the Co-disks, depend on small structural variations of the as-grown nanowire.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
title: The relationship between creativity and cultural diversity: cognitive, motivational and ideological determinants
Creators: name: Goclowska, Malgorzata A.
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The argument that diversity enriches society is a common feature in public, political and academic discourse. Recent research has provided some empirical support for this idea with the finding that people who challenge traditional group boundaries (e.g., migrants, women in stereotypically incongruent occupational roles) can experience enhancements to their creative performance. In this thesis I test a new theoretical model, based on social categorization theory, which provides some precise conditions under which the experience of social and cultural diversity will be most beneficial to creative performance. Nine studies yielded support for this model, and the assertion that social and cultural diversity, when experienced in a way that challenges stereotypic expectations, can lead to enhanced creativity. Furthermore, the studies supported the notion that such stereotypically challenging diversity works through a cognitive process of inconsistency resolution that initially decreases, but with repeated engagement enhances, creative performance. The findings of this thesis support calls for further integration of social cognitive and cross-cultural perspectives, and explain why people may be initially resistant to diversity, but how in the longer term the experience can yield considerable benefits for individuals, groups and society at large.