cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 4 of Progress towards Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) implementation in Iran: obstacles and bottlenecks
Creators: name: Mirbaha-Hashemi, Fariba
name: Batool Tayefi
name: Rampisheh, Zahra
name: Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
name: Mozhdeh Ramezani
name: Khalili, Narjes
name: Pournik, Omid
name: Taghizadeh-Asl, Rahim
name: Habibelahi, Abbas
name: Heidarzadeh, Mohammad
name: Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4.
Measure of activity performance of the hand (MAP-Hand) questionnaire: linguistic validation, cultural adaptation and psychometric testing in people with rheumatoid arthritis in the UK
Creators: name: Prior, Yeliz
name: Hammond, Alison
Publisher: name: University of Salford
Year: 2020
Subjects: classificationCode: 320223
subject: Rheumatology and arthritis

description: AbstractBackground: Developed in the Norway, the Measure of Activity Performance of the Hand (MAP-Hand) assesses 18activities performed using the hands. It was developed for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using patientgenerated items, which are scored on a 0–3 scale and summarised into a total score range (0 to 54). This studyreports the development and psychometric testing of the British English MAP-Hand in a UK population of peoplewith RA.Methods: Recruitment took place in the National Health Service (NHS) through 17 Rheumatology outpatient clinics.Phase 1 (cross-cultural adaptation) involved: forward translation to British English; synthesis; expert panel review andcognitive debriefing interviews with people with RA. Phase 2 (psychometric testing) involved postal completion ofthe MAP-Hand, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Upper Limb HAQ (ULHAQ), Short-Form 36 (SF-36v2) andDisabilities of the Arm Shoulder Hand (DASH) to measure internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha); concurrentvalidity (Spearman’s correlations) and Minimal Detectable Difference (MDC95). The MAP-Hand was repeated threeweekslater to assess test-retest reliability (linear weighted kappa and Intra-Class Correlations (ICC (2,1)).Unidimensionality (internal construct validity) was assessed using (i) Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (ii) Mokkenscaling and (iii) Rasch model. The RUMM2030 software was used, applying the Rasch partial credit model.Results: In Phase 1, 31 participants considered all items relevant. In Phase 2, 340 people completed Test-1 and 273(80%) completed Test-2 questionnaires. Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.96). Test-retest reliability was good(ICC (2,1) = 0.96 (95% CI 0.94, 0.97)). The MAP-Hand correlated strongly with HAQ20 (rs = .88), ULHAQ (rs = .91), SF-36v2 Physical Functioning (PF) Score (rs = −.80) and DASH (rs = .93), indicating strong concurrent validity. CFA failedto support unidimensionality (Chi-Square 236.0 (df 120; p < 0.001)). However, Mokken scaling suggested aprobabilistic ordering. There was differential item functioning (DIF) for gender. Four testlets were formed, resultingin much improved fit and unidimensionality. Following this, testlets were further merged in pairs where oppositebias existed. This resulted in perfect fit to the model.Conclusions: The British English version of the MAP-Hand has good validity and reliability in people with RA andcan be used in both research and clinical practice.Keywords: PROMS, Patient reported outcome measures, Hand activity performance, Hand function, Hand pain,Psychometric testing, Rasch analysis, Validity, Reliability
Axiogenesis
Creators: name: Co, Raymond T.
name: Harigaya, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism called axiogenesis where the cosmological excess of baryons over antibaryons is generated from the rotation of the QCD axion. The Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry may be explicitly broken in the early universe, inducing the rotation of a PQ charged scalar field. The rotation corresponds to the asymmetry of the PQ charge, which is converted into the baryon asymmetry via QCD and electroweak sphaleron transitions. In the concrete model we explore, interesting phenomenology arises due to the prediction of a small decay constant and the connections with new physics at the LHC and future colliders and with axion dark matter.
description: 6+10 pages, 1+2 figures; v2: a simplified model and references added, matches journal version
The Local Group Census: planetary nebulae in Sextans B
Creators: name: Magrini, L.
name: Corradi, R. L. M.
name: Walton, N. A.
name: Zijlstra, A. A.
name: Pollacco, D. L.
name: Walsh, J. R.
name: Perinotto, M.
name: Lennon, D. J.
name: Greimel, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Five planetary nebulae (PNe) have been discovered in the nearby dwarf irregular galaxy. Emission line images were obtained using the Wide Field Camera of the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) at La Palma (Spain). The candidate PNe were identified by their point-like appearance and relatively strong [OIII] emission-line fluxes. They are located within a galactocentric distance of 2.8 arcmin, corresponding to 1.1 kpc at the distance of Sextans B. Luminosities are in the range 1800--5600Lsolar. Sextans B is one of the smallest dwarf irregular galaxies with a PN population. The number of PNe detected suggest an enhanced star formation rate between 1 and 5 Gyr ago.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Impact of the Mobile Telecommunication Network’s Milk Flow Project on the Livelihoods of Pastoralists in Ladugga Grazing Reserve, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Laah, John Gambo
name: Laah, John Gambo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Fulani pastoralists
subject: grazing reserve
subject: livelihoods

description: The paper aims at assessing the impact of Mobile Telecommunication Network (MTN) Milk-Flow Project on the livelihoods of pastoralists in Ladugga Grazing Reserve in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 242 pastoralists in Ladugga. To complement the quantitative source of data, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted to assess the benefits and impact of the Milk Flow Project. A total of four (4) FGD sand four (4) IDIs were held with Fulani pastoralists and stakeholders in Ladugga Grazing Reserve. The mean age for male respondents was 55 years while that of the females was 42 years. The result reveals that the milk-flow project has led to: formation and membership of cooperative societies; significant increase in milk production and consequently income; a reduction in morbidity and mortality rates of cows due to better health seeking behaviours; the development of pasture farms and an increase in school enrolment. The paper suggested the need to encourage more private sector participation in supporting pastoralists’ livelihoods within the grazing reserve systems
Mixture Experiments and their Application in Agricultural Research
Creators: name: Raza, Irum
name: Masood, M. Asif
name: Mahmood, Rashid
name: Raza, Irum
name: Masood, M. Asif
name: Mahmood, Rashid
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Mixture design
subject: mixture regression model
subject: components
subject: honey yield

description: The present study was designed to show the applicability of Mixture designs in Agricultural Research System and to fit an appropriate mixture regression model making response variables as functions of the proportions of the mixture components. Data on four components namely neem oil, garlic oil, clove oil and tobacco extract (ml) were collected from field experiment conducted by Honeybee Research Institute, NARC. The main goal of the experiment was to check whether blending two components have any synergistic effect on honey yield. The results of the mixture regression showed that the positive interaction coefficients of blending components neem oil*garlic oil (1.10) and neem oil*tobacco extract (6.73) were smaller than their individual coefficients which indicated that combining these components will not have significant impact on honey yield. Negative interaction coefficients of neem oil*clove oil (-5.11) and garlic oil*clove oil (-15.86) signaled no significance meaning that they were antagonistic towards one another and will not contribute in increasing honey yield. The positive interaction coefficient of the blending component clove oil*tobacco extract (16.99) shows synergistic effect of these components on honey yield implying that honey yield can increase when clove oil and tobacco extract are blended.
Leveraging Implicit Expert Knowledge for Non-Circular Machine Learning in Sepsis Prediction
Creators: name: Schamoni, Shigehiko
name: Lindner, Holger A.
name: Schneider-Lindner, Verena
name: Thiel, Manfred
name: Riezler, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in non-coronary intensive care units. Moreover, a delay of antibiotic treatment of patients with severe sepsis by only few hours is associated with increased mortality. This insight makes accurate models for early prediction of sepsis a key task in machine learning for healthcare. Previous approaches have achieved high AUROC by learning from electronic health records where sepsis labels were defined automatically following established clinical criteria. We argue that the practice of incorporating the clinical criteria that are used to automatically define ground truth sepsis labels as features of severity scoring models is inherently circular and compromises the validity of the proposed approaches. We propose to create an independent ground truth for sepsis research by exploiting implicit knowledge of clinical practitioners via an electronic questionnaire which records attending physicians' daily judgements of patients' sepsis status. We show that despite its small size, our dataset allows to achieve state-of-the-art AUROC scores. An inspection of learned weights for standardized features of the linear model lets us infer potentially surprising feature contributions and allows to interpret seemingly counterintuitive findings.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Lithium abundances from the 6104A line in cool Pleiades stars
Creators: name: Ford, A.
name: Jeffries, J.
name: Smalley, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lithium abundances determined by spectral synthesis from both the 6708A resonance line and the 6104 subordinate line are reported for 11 late-type Pleiades stars, including spectra previously analysed by Russell (1996). We report a 0.7 dex scatter in the abundances from 6708A, and a scatter at least as large from the 6104A line. We find a reasonable correllation between the 6104A and 6708A Li abundances, although four stars have 6104A-determined abundances which are significantly larger than the 6708-determined values, by up to 0.5 dex, suggesting problems with the homogeneous, one-dimensional atmospheres being used. We show that these discrepancies can be explained, although probably not uniquely, by the presence of star spots with plausible coverage fractions. The addition of spots does not significantly reduce the apparent scatter in Li abundances, leaving open the possibility that at least some of the spread is caused by real star-to-star differences in pre-main- sequence Li depletion.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures; Accepted by A&A 17/05/02
Finnish and Swedish Sawnwood Exports to the UK market in the EMU regime
Creators: name: Hietala, J.
name: Hanninen, R.
name: Toppinen, A.
name: Hietala, J.
name: Hanninen, R.
name: Toppinen, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: European Monetary Union (EMU)
subject: exchange-rate pass-through
subject: forest products trade
subject: pricing
subject: sawnwood
subject: cointegration analysis

description: The business environment for sawnwood producers based in the traditional forest-industry countries of the boreal zone has changed dramatically in the last decade. Among the greatest changes is the establishment of the European Monetary Union (EMU). However, the effect of the associated exchange rate changes on international forest-industry trade in European markets has not previously been examined. The present study attempts to fill this gap by analyzing the effects of currency movements on Finland’s and Sweden’s competitiveness in the international sawnwood market. Johansen’s multivariate cointegration method was applied for formulation of the separate partial equilibrium model systems for bilateral trade flows from Finland and Sweden to analyze pricing of sawn softwood for the UK market in 1995–2008. Rather than competitive markets, our findings indicate the existence of price discrimination and market power on the part of exporting firms. The results show that Finnish exports have been greatly affected by the currency movements between euros and British pounds in the UK market. Furthermore, the estimated values for exchange-rate pass-through coefficients indicate that Finnish exporters have passed on some of the exchange rate changes between these currencies to the UK customers. This result is in line with similar estimations for the period before the EMU. The present estimates show a slightly lesser degree of exchange-rate pass-through, possibly suggesting transition towards a more competitive environment in the UK’s sawn softwood market.
On the geometry of magnetic Skyrmions on thin films
Creators: name: Walton, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the recently introduced 'critically coupled' model of magnetic Skyrmions, generalising it to thin films with curved geometry. The model feels keenly the extrinsic geometry of the film in three-dimensional space. We find exact Skyrmion solutions on spherical, conical and cylindrical thin films. Axially symmetric solutions on cylindrical films are described by kinks tunnelling between 'vacua'. For the model defined on general compact thin films, we prove the existence of energy minimising multi-Skyrmion solutions and construct the (resolved) moduli space of these solutions.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures. v2: title changed, references added, figures improved, minor corrections made; version accepted for publication
Additional file 5 of Progress towards Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) implementation in Iran: obstacles and bottlenecks
Creators: name: Mirbaha-Hashemi, Fariba
name: Batool Tayefi
name: Rampisheh, Zahra
name: Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
name: Mozhdeh Ramezani
name: Khalili, Narjes
name: Pournik, Omid
name: Taghizadeh-Asl, Rahim
name: Habibelahi, Abbas
name: Heidarzadeh, Mohammad
name: Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5.
In the human past, is the perennial consumption of starch a deep or shallow phenomenon?
Creators: name: Larbey, Cynthia Deidre Anne
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Early human starch diet
Roots and tubers
Parenchyma
Klasies River
Blombos Cave
South African Middle Stone Age
Hearths
Micromorphology
Starchy plant processing
Starchy plant mixing and cooking

description: In the human past, is the perennial consumption of starch a deep or a shallow phenomenon? Recent research has argued that digestible carbohydrates, rather than just meat, were necessary to accommodate the metabolic demands of the evolving human brain. This argument is supported by genetic and biological evidence that Homo sapiens was especially adapted to a starch diet within the Palaeolithic, making starch consumption a deep phenomenon. Yet there is no deep time archaeological evidence of starch consumption by early humans. A significant body of evidence attests to the increasing starch diet of humans from the Upper Palaeolithic, through the advent of agriculture into the present day where cereals represent 70% of worlds energy intake. Without archaeological evidence of regular early human starch consumption, this appears to be a shallow phenomenon on the timescale of human evolution. Based on botanical evidence from Klasies River and Blombos Caves, among the earliest human Middle Stone Age (MSA) occupation sites of South Africa, this thesis makes three key arguments: firstly that cooked roots and tubers provided a high quality starch diet for MSA hunter-gatherers from at least 120 thousand years ago in the Cape region; secondly, that pounded, cooked tuber remains and mixed plant food ‘recipes’ from two hearths (85 kya and 81 kya) at Blombos Cave represent a consistent subsistence strategy through climatic change, one hearth dating to a warm interglacial cycle and the other to a very cold glacial cycle; thirdly, that cooking and processing roots and tubers represent a dietary mainstay for MSA hunter-gatherers in this region for at least the 55 ky span of the hearths sampled. The collection and analysis of these data involved an innovative extension of method to overcome difficult preservation conditions. The analysis also benefited from the creation of a regional parenchyma modern reference collection and co-operation with geoarchaeologists to understand the micro-context of each hearth, especially at Klasies River. Combined these method extensions have provided better quality data analysis. This research offers evidence of the earliest yet known evidence of early human consumption of cooked and processed starchy plants from the MSA of the Cape coast of South Africa. The findings conclude with the hypothesis that perennial starch consumption is a deep phenomenon in the evolution of Homo sapiens. The further question must be: How deep is the phenomenon in the ancestors of Homo sapiens?
description: The PhD was fully funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. The fieldwork was funding by RCUK and Jesus College Fieldwork Fund.
Philocheras lowisi
Creators: name: Taylor, Joanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Crangonidae
Philocheras
Philocheras lowisi

description: Philocheras lowisi (Kemp, 1916)
(Fig. 3)
 Pontophilus lowisi Kemp, 1916: 361, pl. 8 fig. 2.
 Philocheras lowisi. — Bruce 1994: 752, fig. 2.
 Material examined. Australia, WA, Northwest Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier, 19°05'S, 117°26.00–46.23'E, 120 m, 12. VI.1983 (stn NWA 52), J40944 (5 specimens, pocl 1.3–1.8 mm); 19°38–37'S, 118°06–05'E, 49 m, 13. VI.1983 (stn NWA 56), J58874 (3 specimens, pocl 0.8–1.7 mm); 20°01–00'S, 117°17– 18'E, 46 m, 02. VI.1983 (stn NWA 5), J58875 (1 specimen, pocl 1.6 mm).
 Other material. Australia, WA, (stn SO283), NTM Cr16608 (22 specimens).
Type locality. Port Blair, Andaman Islands; 4–20 m.
 Distribution. Andaman Sea, Hong Kong to Japan; Australia: Timor Sea; Western Australia. Depth: sublittoral to 120m.
 Remark. See remarks for P. japonicus.
description: Published as part of Taylor, Joanne, 2010, The sand shrimp genus Philocheras (Caridea: Crangonidae) from the continental margin of Western Australia including the description of a new species and a key to Australian species *, pp. 157-168 in Zootaxa 2372 (1) on page 165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/5305091
Crossover from Scale-Free to Spatial Networks
Creators: name: Barthelemy, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many networks such as transportation or communication networks, distance is certainly a relevant parameter. In addition, real-world examples suggest that when long-range links are existing, they usually connect to hubs-the well connected nodes. We analyze a simple model which combine both these ingredients--preferential attachment and distance selection characterized by a typical finite `interaction range'. We study the crossover from the scale-free to the `spatial' network as the interaction range decreases and we propose scaling forms for different quantities describing the network. In particular, when the distance effect is important (i) the connectivity distribution has a cut-off depending on the node density, (ii) the clustering coefficient is very high, and (iii) we observe a positive maximum in the degree correlation (assortativity) which numerical value is in agreement with empirical measurements. Finally, we show that if the number of nodes is fixed, the optimal network which minimizes both the total length and the diameter lies in between the scale-free and spatial networks. This phenomenon could play an important role in the formation of networks and could be an explanation for the high clustering and the positive assortativity which are non trivial features observed in many real-world examples.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, final version
English 2.0: AI-Driven Language Transformation
Creators: name: Machajewski, Szymon
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences
classificationCode: 47
subject: Language, communication and culture

description: This article explores the potential transformation of the English language through artificial intelligence (AI) and its implications for education, communication, and global knowledge sharing. The research draws parallels between English and programming languages, examining how AI might enhance linguistic capabilities while also considering potential pitfalls.The study investigates the concept of "English 2.0," an AI-improved version of the language that could expand our communicative abilities. It discusses how AI technologies like natural language processing and machine translation are already influencing language use and could lead to more efficient knowledge-encoding systems.The research also examines the educational implications of AI-improved English, suggesting a shift in focus from traditional writing skills to idea generation, critical thinking, and effective AI tool use. It considers how language learning and global communication might be democratized through AI assistance.Additionally, the article draws comparisons with George Orwell's concept of Newspeak from "1984," exploring both the potential benefits and risks of AI-driven language evolution. It raises important ethical questions about control, transparency, and the preservation of linguistic diversity in an AI-mediated communication landscape.
MOESM1 of Association between gingival parameters and Oral health–related quality of life in Caribbean adults: a population-based cross-sectional study
Creators: name: J Collins
name: A Elías
name: M Brache
name: K Veras
name: G Ogando
name: M Toro
name: S Rivas-Tumanyan
name: A Rajendra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles of quality of life score (lowest tertile was used as the reference), according to predictors* and the interaction between age and number of teeth, among all participants (Weighted N = 1807). Results of regression analysis on tertiles of quality of life score.
Electron acceleration in non-relativistic quasi-perpendicular collisionless shocks
Creators: name: Xu, Rui
name: Spitkovsky, Anatoly
name: Caprioli, Damiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of electrons in non-relativistic quasi-perpendicular shocks using self-consistent one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. By exploring the parameter space of sonic and Alfvénic Mach numbers we find that high Mach number quasi-perpendicular shocks can efficiently accelerate electrons to power-law downstream spectra with slopes consistent with DSA prediction. Electrons are reflected by magnetic mirroring at the shock and drive non-resonant waves in the upstream. Reflected electrons are trapped between the shock front and upstream waves and undergo multiple cycles of shock drift acceleration before the injection into DSA. Strong current-driven waves also temporarily change the shock obliquity and cause mild proton pre-acceleration even in quasi-perpendicular shocks, which otherwise do not accelerate protons. These results can be used to understand nonthermal emission in supernova remnants and intracluster medium in galaxy clusters.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJL
Superoscillations and tunneling times
Creators: name: Aharonov, Yakir
name: Erez, Noam
name: Reznik, Benni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proposed that superoscillations play an important role in the interferences which give rise to superluminal effects. To exemplify that, we consider a toy model which allows for a wave packet to travel, in zero time and negligible distortion a distance arbitrarily larger than the width of the wave packet. The peak is shown to result from a superoscillatory superposition at the tail. Similar reasoning applies to the dwell time.
description: 12 pages
Revisiting an empirically based analysis of household-level adaptation in high altitude villages in Nepal
Creators: name: Herslund, L.
name: Byg, A.
name: Overgaard Larsen, H.
name: Meilby, Henrik
name: Nielsen, O.J.
name: Rayamajhi, S.
name: Smith-Hall, C.
name: Herslund, L.
name: Byg, A.
name: Overgaard Larsen, H.
name: Meilby, Henrik
name: Nielsen, O.J.
name: Rayamajhi, S.
name: Smith-Hall, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agribusiness
Consumer/Household Economics
International Development

description: Climate change may significantly impact the assets, activities and income of rural households throughout developing countries. Estimating possible future vulnerability is therefore essential to climate change impact assessments. This case study paper aims to assess household-level coping and adaptation possibilities in high altitude villages in Lower Mustang, Nepal. These are generally characterised as having limited economic resources, low levels of technology, low skill levels, poor infrastructure and weak institutions, and are thus likely to have low coping and adaptive capacity. Village-level background information was collected using qualitative techniques. This was followed by a structured household survey (2009), emphasizing household assets and income, and a separate survey focusing on households’ response to economic shocks. Livelihood strategies were identified using cluster analysis and adaptive responses to shocks (coping strategies) were modelled on the basis of the survey data. Existing regional and national-level climate studies and local data on temperature and precipitation were used to prepare scenarios of present and future agricultural harvest outcome distributions. A householdlevel simulation model was developed and the development with regard to households’ incomes, assets and allocation of time to various activities was simulated over a period of 50 years using Monte-Carlo simulation. Two main scenarios were examined and compared. Based on the simulations household-level coping capacities were analysed, and conditions that stimulate or constrain coping were identified. Possibilities for increasing coping capacity, especially for poorer and more vulnerable households pursuing livelihood strategies with a significant environmental resource use component, were discussed.
description: Subject Title: Abstract
Out-of-time-ordered correlator in non-Hermitian quantum systems
Creators: name: Zhai, Liang-Jun
name: Yin, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the behavior of the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) in a non-Hermitian quantum Ising system. We show that the OTOC can diagnose not only the ground state exceptional point, which hosts the Yang-Lee edge singularity, but also the \textit{dynamical} exceptional point at the excited state. We find that the evolution of the OTOC in the parity-time symmetric phase can be divided into two stages: in the short-time stage, the OTOC oscillates periodically, and when the parameter is near the ground state exceptional point, this oscillation behavior can be described by both the scaling theory of the $(0+1)$D Yang-Lee edge singularity and the scaling theory of the $(1+1)$D quantum Ising model; while in the long-time stage the OTOC increases exponentially, controlled by the dynamical exceptional point. Possible experimental realizations are then discussed.
description: 5+2 pages, 6+4 figures
title: Новейшая история стран Запада и Востока
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2025

description: В учебно-методическом пособии представлены методические и информационные материалы для организации учебной деятельности по курсу «Новейшая история стран Запада и Востока». Издание включает в себя рекомендации по подготовке к практическим занятиям, планы практических занятий, список основной и дополнительной литературы по теме, методические рекомендации к ним. К каждому занятию прилагается текст основных документов, изучение которых позволяет расширить и углубить понимание основных проблем изучаемой темы. Подготовлено с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Учебно-методическое пособие адресовано бакалаврам, обучающимся по укрупненной группе специальностей и направлений подготовки «Образование и педагогические науки», а также может представлять интерес для учителей истории и обществознания.
Surface imaging of HD 199178 (V1794 Cygni)
Creators: name: Hackman, T.
name: Jetsu, L.
name: Tuominen, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present surface temperature maps for the FK Comae-type star HD 199178 (V1794 Cygni) calculated from high resolution spectra obtained in 1994 and 1995. The spot pattern evolves, but all maps reveal a large cool spot remaining nearly at the same high latitude. The main spot is 1200 -- 1600 K cooler than the mean surface temperature. The observed slightly flat bottomed absorption lines would usually be interpreted as evidence for a large cool polar spot. We argue that antisolar surface differential rotation offers a better explanation for the box like shape of the line profiles. However, we do not find conclusive evidence for antisolar differential rotation and note that there are still other possible explanations for the slightly flat bottomed line profiles.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Astron. Astrophys., in press
A qualitative evaluation of occupational therapy-led work rehabilitation for people with inflammatory arthritis: Perspectives of therapists and their line managers
Creators: name: Prior, Yeliz
name: Bodell, Sarah Jane
name: Hammond, Alison
Publisher: name: University of Salford
Year: 2020
Subjects: classificationCode: 420109
subject: Rehabilitation

description: Abstract Introduction: Occupational therapy-led work rehabilitation for employed people with inflammatory arthritis and work problemswas piloted in five hospitals in the United Kingdom. This qualitative study explored the views of participating occupationaltherapists and their line managers about the work rehabilitation training received and conducting the intervention, with particularfocus on the structured interview used, the Work Experience Survey – Rheumatic Conditions. Method: Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with occupational therapists (n.9), followed by telephoneinterviews with their line managers (n.2). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed bythree researchers to maximize validity. Results: The main themes emerging from the occupational therapists’ interviews were: varying levels of prior knowledge andexperience of work rehabilitation, initial concerns about the feasibility of a lengthy work assessment in practice and increasedconfidence in delivering work rehabilitation as the study progressed. The line managers’ interviews generated themes around thepositive impact of the work rehabilitation training the occupational therapists received, and changes in their practice. Conclusion: The Work Experience Survey – Rheumatic Conditions was considered a good choice of work assessment which can beimplemented in practice. Once therapists had provided the work intervention several times, their confidence and skills increased.
Privacy-preserving decentralised collaborative applications
Creators: name: Kollmann, Stephan Alexander
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: collaborative editing
privacy
security
history privacy
authenticated snapshots
Tor
mobile devices

description: Cloud-based applications are problematic from a privacy perspective because they typically have access to large amounts of user data and metadata. This centralisation of user data creates an attractive target for actors such as criminals, suppressive governments, and companies selling the data. At the same time, the popularity of mobile and web applications has led to a growing amount of sensitive data being stored in the cloud. This dissertation focuses on collaborative applications, such as Google Docs and Microsoft Office Online, where users currently rely on cloud-based solutions. It explores decentralised alternatives that allow the use of end-to-end encryption and anonymous communication systems to improve both information privacy and communication privacy. One approach for a collaborative application to synchronise data in a privacy-preserving way is to use Tor hidden services, providing end-to-end encrypted communication, while also hiding collaborators’ identity. However, running Tor comes at a cost. We explore the costs of running a hidden service on a smartphone. Smartphones are nowadays the most frequently used computing devices, but they are also relatively resource-constrained. We build an empirical model of monthly cellular data traffic, and estimate a median 198 MiB for a typical user. We further estimate that the network activity would cost at least 9.6% of daily battery capacity on a Nexus One using 3G Internet. We explore four optimisations that, in combination, reduce the estimated median data cost to 61 MiB. We also consider the security and privacy properties of decentralised collaborative applications, and explore a challenge that is introduced by a decentralised design – the lack of a trusted server guaranteeing consistency between collaborators. We present a novel snapshot protocol that ensures consistency, whilst allowing the past edit history to be hidden from new collaborators, and without relying on a consensus mechanism. Lastly, we evaluate the overhead of the snapshot protocol by replaying editing histories from 270 Wikipedia articles, and demonstrate how its correctness and security properties are achieved. Assuming the number of collaborators remains small, the protocol is scalable in terms of CPU, memory, and network usage. It substantially reduces the amount of data transferred to a new collaborator compared to a basic protocol that transmits the full history. The computational cost is in the order of milliseconds per operation, indicating the protocol is suitable for applications where the rate of edits is relatively low.
description: Funding was provided by Microsoft Research, The Boeing Company, and the Computer Laboratory.
Timing and resource-aware mapping of quantum circuits to superconducting processors
Creators: name: Lao, Lingling
name: van Someren, Hans
name: Ashraf, Imran
name: Almudever, Carmen G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum algorithms need to be compiled to respect the constraints imposed by quantum processors, which is known as the mapping problem. The mapping procedure will result in an increase of the number of gates and of the circuit latency, decreasing the algorithm's success rate. It is crucial to minimize mapping overhead, especially for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) processors that have relatively short qubit coherence times and high gate error rates. Most of prior mapping algorithms have only considered constraints such as the primitive gate set and qubit connectivity, but the actual gate duration and the restrictions imposed by the use of shared classical control electronics have not been taken into account. In this paper, we present a timing and resource-aware mapper called Qmap to make quantum circuits executable on a scalable superconducting processor named Surface-17 with the objective of achieving the shortest circuit latency. In particular, we propose an approach to formulate the classical control restrictions as resource constraints in a conventional list scheduler with polynomial complexity. Furthermore, we implement a routing heuristic to cope with the connectivity limitation. This router finds a set of movement operations that minimally extends circuit latency. To analyze the mapping overhead and evaluate the performance of different mappers, we map 56 quantum benchmarks onto Surface-17. Compared to a prior mapping strategy that minimizes the number of operations, Qmap can reduce the latency overhead up to 47.3% and operation overhead up to 28.6%, respectively.
description: Include details on the resource-constrained scheduling algorithm. Comments are most welcome
Models of inflation liberated by the curvaton hypothesis
Creators: name: Dimopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Lyth, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is usually supposed that inflation is of the slow-roll variety, and that the inflaton generates the primordial curvature perturbation. According to the curvaton hypothesis, inflation need not be slow-roll, and if it is the inflaton generates a negligible curvature perturbation. We find that the construction of slow-roll inflation models becomes much easier under this hypothesis. Also, thermal inflation followed by fast-roll becomes viable, with no slow-roll inflation at all.
description: 17 pages, latex, added material
Observations and implications of Finnish forest owners’ economizing behaviour
Creators: name: Hujala, T.
name: Kurttila, M.
name: Hujala, T.
name: Kurttila, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: bounded rationality
subject: forestry advisory
subject: market services
subject: peer-to-peer learning

description: Forest management decisions can be seen as economic choices. The assumption of rational and economically optimal choices frequently fails in family forestry, in which various multiple-use motivations as well as legacy and sentimental values shape landowners’ decisions. Moreover, scarcity of time and information as well as the imperfection of individuals’ cognitive abilities result in bounded rationality. Pingle and Day (1996) illustrated six modes of economizing behavior as decision-makers’ pragmatic responses to the limits of rationality: trial and error, imitation, following an authority, habit, thoughtless impulse, and hunch. This presentation argues that among these, following an authority, imitation and habit are the most common ones in family forest owners’ decision making. Recent interview and survey datasets from Finland provide evidence on the economizing decision-making logic and frequency of related decisionmaking strategies among family forest owners. Trusting forest professionals, thus delegating decision-making power is the prevalent strategy for approximately one fifth of owners. Meanwhile, two fifths of owners want to learn from authorities and outcomes of comparable previous actions. Asking for peer advice and learning from other owners’ experiences reflects a mix of imitation and learning from authority. In turn, many owners tend to build their own decision rules to make forestry decisions easier and approach the habit type of choice behavior. These findings indicate that the quality of advice and forest management guidelines have rather direct impact on the quality of forest owners’ decisions. When public funding for forestry advisory continues to decline and the significance of peer advice via social media and traditional communication channels increases, free-of-charge economizing behavior may become more complex. This may increase the need for market services that particularly focus on facilitating the ease of forest ownership. Lack of suitable authorities or role models may lead to bad decisions or indecisive and thus passive owners.
description: Subject Title: Abstract
Compilation of foresight studies to support forest policy processes in Finland
Creators: name: Hanninen, R.
name: Niinisto, S.
name: Nuutinen, T.
name: Hanninen, R.
name: Niinisto, S.
name: Nuutinen, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: The global financial crisis, Russia’s taxation policy for exported wood and EU’s targets for the use of renewable energy have had a significant effect on the forest sector in Finland in recent years. The significance of foresight work has increased, as the operational environment of the forest sector is complex and constantly changing. Yet, there is a long tradition of forest-related foresight studies: For instance, UNECE Timber Committee, FAO Forestry Commission, IIASA Forestry Programme and ITTO in cooperation with many national and international organizations have produced information on trends and made policy analyses. At a national level, forest-related foresight work has been carried out in Sweden, France, Germany and United States among others. Additionally, numerous industryspecific international organizations have implemented foresight processes. In Finland, forest-related foresight studies have recently been carried out by the University of Eastern Finland, the Finnish Forest Research Institute and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry as a part of the National Forest Programme. In addition, other instances such as consulting companies, forest industry as well as other research institutes have published foresight reports. Interest and resources for foresight exercises have increased in the society in general. Also, methodology has benefitted from recent advances. The aim of our study was to compile the current information, in a condensed form, on the recent foresight work carried out in the Finnish forest sector and in other relevant sectors and to identify strenghts and possible gaps in the acquired foresight information. Our focus was on the foresight work published or carried out in 2008 or later in Finland, with additional information from relevant sources abroad. Results of this study will be presented. The review will serve the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in forest policy processes as well as point out possible new directions for future forest-related foresight studies.
description: Subject Title: Abstract
Philocheras modestus
Creators: name: Taylor, Joanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Crangonidae
Philocheras
Philocheras modestus

description: Philocheras modestus (De Man, 1918)
(Fig. 4)
 Pontophilus modestus De Man, 1918: 162. — De Man 1920: 274, pl. 22: fig. 65, a–j.
 Philocheras modestus. — Chace 1984: 41.
 Material examined. Australia, WA, Northwestern Australia, Mermaid L24 north transect, 17°01.1–01.81'S, 119°35.46–35.00'E), 451 m, 18. VI.2007 (stn SS05-2007 80), NMV J57301 (1 specimen); Mermaid L24 south transect, 17°11.86–12.75'S, 119°33.65–33.46'E, 439 m, 18. VI.2007 (stn. SSO5-2007 78), NMV J57299 (1 specimen); Mermaid L24 east transect, 17°02.83–03.71'S, 119°39.68–41.36'E, 424 m, 18. VI.2007 (stn SS05- 2007 77), NMV J57300 (1 specimen).
 Type locality. West of Kepulauan Ewab, Indonesia; 304 m.
 Distribution. Indonesia; Australia, Western Australia; 296– 457 m.
 Remarks. The short narrow rostrum, lack of lateral spine on antennal scale and presence of post orbital carina distinguish this species from others recorded form Australia.
description: Published as part of Taylor, Joanne, 2010, The sand shrimp genus Philocheras (Caridea: Crangonidae) from the continental margin of Western Australia including the description of a new species and a key to Australian species *, pp. 157-168 in Zootaxa 2372 (1) on page 165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/5305091
Do forest owners share the public’s values? An application of Schwartz's value theory
Creators: name: Karppinen, H.
name: Korthonen, M.
name: Karppinen, H.
name: Korthonen, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agribusiness
Land Economics/Use

description: Schwartz's value theory is applied in the context of Finnish family forest owners and their values are compared to those of the public at large. This comparison may give insight how value changes in society are reflected to forest owners’ values and objectives, and hence their actual forestry behavior. The empirical study is based on the use of the Short Schwartz's Value Survey measure (SSVS) in a nationwide mail inquiry (n=2116). Instead of using several value indicators, SSVS directly measures motivational types, the ten universal motivational or value types being self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence and universalism. According to the results forest owners ranked universalism which includes such values as the beauty of nature and art and nature conservation slightly lower than the whole population. The difference was clearly increased when female forest owners were compared to women in the whole population who valued universalism as the second most important value after benevolence. Traditions were valued clearly more by forest owners than the public. Forest owners were also classified into two groups based on their values. “Softies” highly emphasized benevolence and universalism while “Toughies” were strongly in favor of power and achievement. The probability to belong to Softies increased by forest owners’ age and it was larger for female owners and owners with recreational or multiple objectives for their forest ownership. Toughies were more often farmers and rural dwellers than Softies.
description: Section Title: Abstract