cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
NASCaps: A Framework for Neural Architecture Search to Optimize the Accuracy and Hardware Efficiency of Convolutional Capsule Networks
Creators: name: Marchisio, Alberto
name: Massa, Andrea
name: Mrazek, Vojtech
name: Bussolino, Beatrice
name: Martina, Maurizio
name: Shafique, Muhammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have made significant improvements to reach the desired accuracy to be employed in a wide variety of Machine Learning (ML) applications. Recently the Google Brain's team demonstrated the ability of Capsule Networks (CapsNets) to encode and learn spatial correlations between different input features, thereby obtaining superior learning capabilities compared to traditional (i.e., non-capsule based) DNNs. However, designing CapsNets using conventional methods is a tedious job and incurs significant training effort. Recent studies have shown that powerful methods to automatically select the best/optimal DNN model configuration for a given set of applications and a training dataset are based on the Neural Architecture Search (NAS) algorithms. Moreover, due to their extreme computational and memory requirements, DNNs are employed using the specialized hardware accelerators in IoT-Edge/CPS devices. In this paper, we propose NASCaps, an automated framework for the hardware-aware NAS of different types of DNNs, covering both traditional convolutional DNNs and CapsNets. We study the efficacy of deploying a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (e.g., based on the NSGA-II algorithm). The proposed framework can jointly optimize the network accuracy and the corresponding hardware efficiency, expressed in terms of energy, memory, and latency of a given hardware accelerator executing the DNN inference. Besides supporting the traditional DNN layers, our framework is the first to model and supports the specialized capsule layers and dynamic routing in the NAS-flow. We evaluate our framework on different datasets, generating different network configurations, and demonstrate the tradeoffs between the different output metrics. We will open-source the complete framework and configurations of the Pareto-optimal architectures at https://github.com/ehw-fit/nascaps.
description: To appear at the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD '20), November 2-5, 2020, Virtual Event, USA
Spline Moment Models for the one-dimensional Boltzmann-BGK equation
Creators: name: Koellermeier, Julian
name: Scholz, Ullika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76P05, 35Q20

description: We introduce Spline Moment Equations (SME) for kinetic equations using a new weighted spline ansatz of the distribution function and investigate the ansatz, the model, and its performance by simulating the one-dimensional Boltzmann-BGK equation. The new basis is composed of weighted constrained splines for the approximation of distribution functions that preserves mass, momentum, and energy. This basis is then used to derive moment equations using a Galerkin approach for a shifted and scaled Boltzmann-BGK equation, to allow for an accurate and efficient discretization in velocity space with an adaptive grid. The equations are given in compact analytical form and we show that the hyperbolicity properties are similar to the well-known Grad moment model. The model is investigated numerically using the shock tube, the symmetric two-beam test and a stationary shock structure test case. All tests reveal the good approximation properties of the new SME model when the parameters of the spline basis functions are chosen properly. The new SME model outperforms existing moment models and results in a smaller error while using a small number of variables for efficient computations.
title: Doing Family under Difficult Conditions : Getrenntlebende und alleinerziehende Eltern in der Corona-Pandemie
Creators: name: Buschmeyer, Anna
name: Zerle-Elsäßer, Claudia
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: COVID 19
subject: Family
subject: Fatherhood
subject: Motherhood
subject: Single Parents
subject: ddc:300

description: In the Corona pandemic families were suffering a lot from restrictions. Schools and other institutional childcare were closed and many parents had to work from home. This was particularly challenging for single parents reconciling work and family life and we will focus on this group. In our qualitative longitudinal research project “Mothers and Fathers in the Corona Pandemic” we conducted three waves of interviews with 11–20 (partly single) fathers and mothers. Our leading question was “How did single parents manage the challenges of the pandemic?” Our analysis focuses on the role of ex-partners and further supporting networks. We see how the quality of these supporting structures can influence stress for single parents. We also analyse how stereotypes of fatherhood and motherhood influence the stress single parents faced and show that especially traditional concepts of motherhood could lead to a breakdown of their own health and emotional system.
title: Über das Verhältnis von utopischen Vorgriffen und realen Eingriffen : Ein Kommentar zum widersprüchlichen Erbe sozialistischer Feminismen für die Gegenwart
Creators: name: Stutz, Constanze
name: Maier, Cari
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Feminismus
subject: Geschichte
subject: Reproduktion
subject: Sorge
subject: Sozialismus
subject: ddc:300

description: Ausgehend von dem Sammelband "Die Neuordnung der Küchen. Materialistisch-feministische Entwürfe eines besseren Zusammenlebens" (2023) des Kollektivs kitchen politics diskutiert der Beitrag die vermehrte Bezugnahme auf sozialistische Texte und das widersprüchliche Erbe sozialistischer Utopien in der Gegenwart. Die Autor*innen interessiert vor allem die Herausforderung, vergangene utopische Vorgriffe und reale Eingriffe einzuordnen und ihre Nicht-Institutionalisierung, ihr Wieder-Abbrechen und ihr Vergessen politisch und geschichtsphilosophisch zu begreifen – oder zumindest die Ambivalenzen davon zu thematisieren: Geht es um ein Scheitern dieser Versuche, dessen Bedingungen verstanden werden müssen, um heutige Perspektiven eines besseren, eines solidarischen Zusammenlebens möglich zu machen? Oder geht es etwa darum „die Geschichte so zu erfassen, wie sie in dem Moment erlebt wurde, in dem sie stattfand, und dabei die messianischen oder utopischen Momente dieser verlorenen Schlachten und gescheiterter sozialer Veränderung einzufangen“ (kitchen politics 2023c, 89)? Und was bedeutet das für aktuelle Bezugnahmen?
OʻQUVCHIDA KOMMUNIKATIVLIKNI OSHIRISHDA TASAVVURNING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Tojidinova, Nazokat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ona tili darslarida o’quvchining tasavvurini rivojlantirish uchun ixtiyoriy mavzu yuzasidan matn, she’r va ertak tuzish topshiriq qilib berish kerakligini ko’rib o’tdik. O’quvchilar tasavvurini rivojlantirish uchun ularni erkin fikrlashga, ya’ni tafakkurini kengaytirishga imkon berishi kerak. Bundan tashqari, rasm chizish va spektakl tashkil qilib unda rol ijro etidh ham tasavvur imkoniyatlaridan biridir. Bunda o’z rolini ijro etish orqali o’quvchining tasavvuri sezilarli rivojlanadi.
Elliptic flow at RHIC: where and when does it formed?
Creators: name: Bravina, L.
name: Tywoniuk, K.
name: Zabrodin, E.
name: Burau, G.
name: Bleibel, J.
name: Fuchs, C.
name: Faessler, Amand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolution of the elliptic flow of hadrons in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC energies is studied within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. The elliptic flow is shown to have a multi-component structure caused by (i) rescattering and (ii) absorption processes in spatially asymmetric medium. Together with different freeze-out dynamics of mesons and baryons, these processes lead to the following trend in the flow formation: the later the mesons are frozen, the weaker their elliptic flow, whereas baryon fraction develops stronger elliptic flow during the late stages of the fireball evolution. Comparison with the PHOBOS data demonstrates the model ability to reproduce the v2(eta) signal in different centrality bins.
description: 11 pages incl. 5 figures
Why is Diarrhea Still Killing the World’s Children? A Demand Side Study of the Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy in Rural Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Prince, Lea
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Ouattara, Oula
name: Ouedraogo, Jean Bosco
name: Brown, Kenneth H.
name: Ouedraogo, Cesaire
name: Wilson, Shelby
name: Rouamba, Noel
name: Hess, Sonja
name: Prince, Lea
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Ouattara, Oula
name: Ouedraogo, Jean Bosco
name: Brown, Kenneth H.
name: Ouedraogo, Cesaire
name: Wilson, Shelby
name: Rouamba, Noel
name: Hess, Sonja
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: It is widely acknowledged that the use of oral rehydra3on therapy (ORT) for the treatment of dehydra3on can prevent death in young children from watery diarrhea in all but the most severe cases. Since the early 1980s, the use of ORT has become standard prac3ce in the medical community throughout the developing world, which has likely played a significant role in the global reduc3on of deaths from diarrhea. However, the large number of deaths from diarrhea that s3ll exists today indicates that the use of ORT is not standard prac3ce in many households in poor countries. This paper seeks to understand the gap between the widespread knowledge of the high efficacy of ORT among policymakers and other stakeholders in healthcare, and the actual usage rates of ORT in rural households. Using an original dataset from rural Burkina Faso, we examine the mechanisms driving health‐seeking behaviors in the household as they relate to young children and diarrhea, with an emphasis on prac3ces concerning the use of ORT.
description: Replaced with revised version of poster 08/25/11.
Barrier-Controlled Non-Equilibrium Criticality in Reactive Particle Systems
Creators: name: Lei, Qun-Li
name: Hu, Hao
name: Ni, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium critical phenomena generally exist in many dynamic systems, like chemical reactions and some driven-dissipative {reactive} particle systems. Here, by using computer simulation and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate the crucial role of the activation barrier on the criticality of dynamic phase transitions in a minimal reactive hard-sphere model. We find that at zero thermal noise, with increasing the activation barrier, the type of transition changes from a continuous conserved directed percolation into a discontinuous dynamic transition by crossing a \emph{tricritical} point. A mean-field theory combined with field-simulation is proposed to explain this phenomenon. The possibility of Ising-type criticality in the non-equilibrium system at finite thermal noise is also discussed.
Equivalence of Local Potential Approximations
Creators: name: Morris, Tim R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent papers it has been noted that the local potential approximation of the Legendre and Wilson-Polchinski flow equations give, within numerical error, identical results for a range of exponents and Wilson-Fisher fixed points in three dimensions, providing a certain ``optimised'' cutoff is used for the Legendre flow equation. Here we point out that this is a consequence of an exact map between the two equations, which is nothing other than the exact reduction of the functional map that exists between the two exact renormalization groups. We note also that the optimised cutoff does not allow a derivative expansion beyond second order.
description: 7 pages (improved statement of "central issue", 2 refs added)
Factors that affect the use of herbicides in Philippine rice farming systems
Creators: name: Beltran, Jesusa C.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Doole, Graeme J.
name: White, Benedict
name: Beltran, Jesusa C.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Doole, Graeme J.
name: White, Benedict
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Herbicide use
subject: Double-hurdle model
subject: Adoption
subject: Rice farming system.

description: This study involves the application of a random-effects double-hurdle model to survey data to identify the farm-level factors affecting the adoption and intensity of herbicide use in rice production in the Philippines. Results broadly indicate apparent differences in the degree to which important explanatory variables affect the intensity and adoption decisions. The age of the farmer, household size, and irrigation are the significant predictors influencing the decision of farmers to use herbicides, while economic variables such as the price of herbicides, total income of farmers, and the use of bank loans or credit are the highly significant factors determining the intensity of herbicide use. Significant determinants of both the adoption and intensity decisions are land ownership, farm area, and the method of crop establishment used. Results suggest that all of the identified significant predictors in both herbicide use decisions can be considered by the national government when designing policies to reduce excessive use of herbicides or to encourage the adoption of alternative methods of weed control. This is important because for small rice producers, like the majority of Filipino farmers, improved weed management techniques that build on their traditional practices and that are compatible with their resources will be more easily adopted by farmers, relative to those that require radical change to the entire farming system.
Spin-3/2 pentaquark in the QCD sum rule
Creators: name: Nishikawa, Tetsuo
name: Kanada-En'yo, Yoshiko
name: Kondo, Yoshihiko
name: Morimatsu, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study $IJ^P=0{3/2}^\pm$ and $1{3/2}^\pm$ pentaquark states with $S=+1$ in the QCD sum rule approach. The QCD sum rule for positive parity states and that for negative parity are independently derived. The sum rule suggests that there exist the $0{3/2}^-$ and the $1{3/2}^-$ states. These states may be observed as extremely narrow peaks since they can be much below the $S$-wave threshold and since the only allowed decay channels are $NK$ in $D$-wave, whose centrifugal barriers are so large that the widths are strongly suppressed. The $0{3/2}^-$ state may be assigned to the observed $Θ^+(1540)$ and the $1{3/2}^-$ state can be a candidate for $Θ^{++}$.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures
Quantum simulator for the $\f{O(3)}$ nonlinear sigma model
Creators: name: Schützhold, Ralf
name: Mostame, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a design for the construction of a laboratory system based on present-day technology which reproduces and thereby simulates the quantum dynamics of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model. Apart from its relevance in condensed-matter theory, this strongly interacting quantum field theory serves as an important toy model for quantum chromo-dynamics (QCD) since it reproduces many crucial properties of QCD. PACS: 03.67.-a, 03.67.Lx, 11.10.Kk, 68.65.-k.
description: 4 pages RevTeX, 1 figure
Economic impacts of high labour cost and herbicide resistance for the management of annual barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice production in the Philippines
Creators: name: Beltran, Jesusa C.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Doole, Graeme J.
name: Beltran, Jesusa C.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Doole, Graeme J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Barnyardgrass
subject: Bioeconomic model
subject: Herbicide resistance
subject: Integrated weed management
subject: Rice production

description: Implications of increasing labour cost and development of herbicide resistance for profitable weed management in Philippine rice farming systems are investigated. The study employs RIMPhil (Resistance and Integrated Management in the Philippines), a bioeconomic simulation model developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of integrated weed management programmes for the control of annual barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice crops. Results indicate that herbicide application will become increasingly economically attractive, relative to manual weeding, as labour cost increases. This is important since urban migration in the Philippines continues to increase the scarcity of rural labour. Results also show that the onset of herbicide resistance results in substantial losses in farm profit. It may be worthwhile for farmers to take management actions to prevent or delay the onset of herbicide resistance, provided that these changes are effective and not too costly. The study highlights the complexity of decision making about integrated weed management on rice farms in the Philippines.
Feminine fantasies and reality in the fiction of Eileen Chang and Alice Munro
Creators: name: Wang, Yuanfei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It seems unwise to compare Eileen Chang and Alice Munro, because at first glance the urban traits of Chang's Shanghai and Hong Kong romances are dissimilar to the rural idiosyncrasies of Munro's southwestern Ontario stories. However, both the female writers describe in their fiction the women characters' romantic fantasies and their interrelationships with reality. In Chang's Romances, in the westernized and commercialized cosmopolitan set, a new age is coming, and the traditional patriarchal familial and moral systems are disintegrating. The women try to escape from frustrating circumstances through the rescue of romantic love and marriage. In Munro's fiction, the women attempt to get ride of their banal small-town cultures in order to search for freedom of imagination and expression through the medium of art, although at ; the center of their quest for selfhood is always their love and hate relationship with men. The women are in the dilemma of "female financial reality" and romantic love; they express their desires and fears through immoral and abnormal love relationships and vicarious escapades in their imagination; their interpretation of life and love is in reference to art in general, but such interpretation is full of disguise. Only in their unbound daydreams and imagination can they express their desires freely. Alice Munro and Eileen Chang's fictional worlds bespeak a sense of femininity.
Biased random satisfiability problems: From easy to hard instances
Creators: name: Ramezanpour, A.
name: Moghimi-Araghi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study biased random K-SAT problems in which each logical variable is negated with probability $p$. This generalization provides us a crossover from easy to hard problems and would help us in a better understanding of the typical complexity of random K-SAT problems. The exact solution of 1-SAT case is given. The critical point of K-SAT problems and results of replica method are derived in the replica symmetry framework. It is found that in this approximation $α_c \propto p^{-(K-1)}$ for $p\to 0$. Solving numerically the survey propagation equations for K=3 we find that for $p
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Inferring epistasis from genomic data with comparable mutation and outcrossing rate
Creators: name: Zeng, Hong-Li
name: Mauri, Eugenio
name: Dichio, Vito
name: Cocco, Simona
name: Monasson, Remi
name: Aurell, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a population evolving due to mutation, selection and recombination, where selection includes single-locus terms (additive fitness) and two-loci terms (pairwise epistatic fitness). We further consider the problem of inferring fitness in the evolutionary dynamics from one or several snap-shots of the distribution of genotypes in the population. In the recent literature this has been done by applying the Quasi-Linkage Equilibrium (QLE) regime first obtained by Kimura in the limit of high recombination. Here we show that the approach also works in the interesting regime where the effects of mutations are comparable to or larger than recombination. This leads to a modified main epistatic fitness inference formula where the rates of mutation and recombination occur together. We also derive this formula using by a previously developed Gaussian closure that formally remains valid when recombination is absent. The findings are validated through numerical simulations.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures. Substantial revision from second version, previous suggestions and comments gratefully acknowledged
title: Rethinking Institutional Responses to Gender-Based Violence in Academia as Forms of Care in the Nordic Context
Creators: name: Simonsson, Angelica
name: Ovesen, Nicole
name: Steinþórsdóttir, Finnborg Salome
name: Husu, Liisa
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Gender Equality Policy
subject: Higher Education
subject: Sexual Harassment
subject: University
subject: ddc:300

description: This article explores institutional responses to gender-based violence (GBV) in three Nordic higher education institutions (HEIs) through the concept of institutional care processes (Tronto 2013). The care framework provides insights into the challenges and opportunities in HEIs' efforts to address GBV. The article presents three detailed case studies conducted in 2022 on the implementation of anti-GBV policies and practices in HEIs in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. By reframing institutional responses as forms of care, a gap in the care processes was identified. The care work was often driven by "driving-spirits" but lacked recognition, value, and structures for long-term capacity building. While HEIs fulfill their duty to care by identifying needs and assigning responsibility for meeting them, there was a lack of adequate working conditions in place to ensure sustainable care provision could be done.
Two Dimensional Atomic Crystals
Creators: name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Jiang, D.
name: Booth, T.
name: Khotkevich, V. V.
name: Morozov, S. M.
name: Geim, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report free-standing atomic crystals that are strictly 2D and can be viewed as individual atomic planes pulled out of bulk crystals or as unrolled single-wall nanotubes. By using micromechanical cleavage, we have prepared and studied a variety of 2D crystals, including single layers of boron nitride, graphite, several dichalcogenides and complex oxides. These atomically-thin sheets (essentially gigantic 2D molecules unprotected from the immediate environment) are stable under ambient conditions, exhibit high crystal quality and are continuous on a macroscopic scale.
description: 4 pages
A Stochastic Analysis of the Impact of Volatile World Agricultural Prices on European and UK Agriculture
Creators: name: Moss, Joan E.
name: Binfield, Julian C.R.
name: Zhang, Lichun
name: Patton, Myles
name: Kim, In Seck
name: Moss, Joan E.
name: Binfield, Julian C.R.
name: Zhang, Lichun
name: Patton, Myles
name: Kim, In Seck
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: Stochastic modelling

description: Successive Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms and trade liberalisation have led to a more market-orientated European agricultural sector, with EU commodity prices now more closely linked to world prices. As a consequence EU prices have become more volatile. Greater price volatility increases uncertainty and raises fresh challenges for projections of policy impacts in the EU. To take account of world price volatility stochastic modelling has been applied to the FAPRI-EU partial equilibrium model, which includes a UK modelling system. Stochastic modelling provides a means to capture some of the inherent uncertainty associated with agricultural production systems. By varying assumptions about certain exogenous variables, stochastic models can be used to examine the different ways markets may behave. Variable world prices are incorporated within the EU GOLD model. This process identifies the impact of a stochastic distribution of world prices on EU agriculture rather than the single point estimates in the conventional deterministic approach. The results outlined in this study demonstrate the impact of volatile world prices on EU and, in particular, UK prices and market control instruments
Discovery of a new INTEGRAL source: IGR J19140+0951
Creators: name: Hannikainen, D. C.
name: Rodriguez, J.
name: Cabanac, C.
name: Schultz, J.
name: Lund, N.
name: Vilhu, O.
name: Petrucci, P. O.
name: Henri, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IGR J19140+0951 (formerly known as IGR J19140+098) was discovered with the INTEGRAL satellite in March 2003. We report the details of the discovery, using an improved position for the analysis. We have performed a simultaneous study of the 5-100 keV JEM-X and ISGRI spectra from which we can distinguish two different states. From the results of our analysis we propose that IGR J19140+0951 is a persistent Galactic X-ray binary, probably hosting a neutron star although a black hole cannot be completely ruled out.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in A&AL
Superconductivity-induced transverse plasma mode and phonon anomaly in the $c$-axis response of the bilayer compound RbCa$_2$Fe$_4$As$_4$F$_2$
Creators: name: Xu, B.
name: Munzar, D.
name: Dubroka, A.
name: Sheveleva, E.
name: Lyzwa, F.
name: Marsik, P.
name: Wang, C. N.
name: Wang, Z. C.
name: Cao, G. H.
name: Bernhard, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With infrared spectroscopy we studied the out-of-plane ($c$-axis) response of the iron arsenide superconductor ACa$_2$Fe$_4$As$_4$F$_2$ (A = Rb,Cs) which has a bilayer structure similar to the high $T_c$ cuprates YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$ (YBCO) and Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_8$ (Bi2212). In analogy to the cuprates, we observe a superconductivity-induced transverse plasma mode (tPM) and a phonon anomaly that are both signatures of local electric field effects that arise from a large difference between the local conductivities in the intra- and inter-bilayer regions. Using a multilayer model developed for the cuprates, we obtain a good description of the $c$-axis response and derive the local conductivities at $T \simeq T_c$ of $σ_1^{\mathrm{bl}}(ω\rightarrow 0) \simeq$ 1\,000 $Ω^{-1}\mathrm{cm}^{-1}$ and $σ_1^{\mathrm{int}}(ω\rightarrow 0) \simeq$ 15 $Ω^{-1}\mathrm{cm}^{-1}$, respectively, that are similar to the ones previously found in underdoped YBCO. Different from the cuprates, we find no evidence of a normal state pseudogap in terms of a partial suppression of the low-energy electronic states that sets in already well above $T_c$. There is also no clear sign of an onset of precursor superconducting pairing correlations well above $T_c \simeq$ 30~K. This highlights that the pseudogap and the precursor superconducting pairing well above $T_c$ are unique features of the cuprates with their strong electronic correlations and, for example, not just the result of a strongly anisotropic electronic response due to the layered crystal structure.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Measurement of branching fractions and charge asymmetries in B+ decays to etapi+, etaK+, etarho+ and eta'pi+, and search for B0 decays to etaK0 and etaomega
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of branching fractions and charge asymmetries for six B-meson decay modes with an eta or eta' meson in the final state. The data sample corresponds to 232 million BBbar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- B Factory at SLAC. We measure the branching fractions (in units of 10^-6): B(B->etapi+)=5.1+/-0.6+/-0.3, B(B->etaK+)=3.3+/-0.6+/-0.3, B(B->etaK0)=1.5+/-0.7+/-0.1 (<2.5 at 90% C.L.), B(B->etarho+)=8.4+/-1.9+/-1.1, B(B->etaomega)=1.0+/-0.5+/-0.2 (<1.9 at 90% C.L.), and B(B->eta'pi+)=4.0+/-0.8+/-0.4, where the first uncertainty is statistical and second systematic. We also determine the charge asymmetries for the charged modes: Ach(B->etapi+)=-0.13+/-0.12+/-0.01, Ach(B->etaK+)=-0.20+/-0.15+/-0.01, Ach(B->etarho+)=0.02+/-0.18+/-0.02, and Ach(B->eta'pi+)=0.14+/-0.16+/-0.01.
description: 7 pages, 1 postscript figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Policy Reform and Agricultural Land Abandonment
Creators: name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Jansson, Torbjorn
name: Verburg, Peter H.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Gocht, Alexander
name: McCracken, Davy
name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: Jansson, Torbjorn
name: Verburg, Peter H.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Gocht, Alexander
name: McCracken, Davy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Policy
subject: Land Use Change
subject: Land Abandonment

description: This paper examines the potential impact of agricultural and trade policy reform on land-use across the EU focussing particularly on the issue of land abandonment. Using a novel combined application of the well established CAPRI and Dyna-CLUE models it estimates the extent of change across Europe under removal of Pillar 1 support payments and trade liberalisation. Overall, it is estimated that around 8 per cent less land will be farmed under these reforms than under the baseline situation. However, some regions, areas and farm types face more significant reductions. The reforms are particularly felt on livestock grazing farms situated in the more marginal areas of Europe, which also coincide with areas of high nature value. Therefore, farmland biodiversity is likely to be reduced in these areas. However, using a range of environmental indicators, relating to nutrient surpluses, GHG emissions, soil erosion and species abundance, an overall improvement in the environmental footprint of agriculture is likely. In addition, the economic efficiency of the agricultural sector will probably improve. The paper considers several possible options available to deal with any negative aspects of land abandonment. Following the FAO (2006), it is argued that untargeted, rather general agricultural policy measures which maintain land in production are likely to be an ineffective and inefficient way to address the perceived negative consequences of abandonment. A more holistic approach to rural development is required, tailored to the specific context within each area.
Sun Heated MeV-scale Dark Matter and the XENON1T Electron Recoil Excess
Creators: name: Chen, Yifan
name: Cui, Ming-Yang
name: Shu, Jing
name: Xue, Xiao
name: Yuan, Guanwen
name: Yuan, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The XENON1T collaboration reported an excess of the low-energy electron recoil events between 1 and 7 keV. We explore the possibility to explain such an anomaly by the MeV-scale dark matter (DM) heated by the interior of the Sun due to the same DM-electron interaction as in the detector. The kinetic energies of heated DM particles can reach a few keV, and can potentially account for the excess signals detected by XENON1T. We study different form factors of the DM-electron interactions, $F(q)\propto q^i$ with $i=0,1,2$ and $q$ being the momentum exchange, and find that for all these cases the inclusion of the Sun-heated DM component improves the fit to the XENON1T data. The inferred DM-electron scattering cross section (at $q=αm_e$ where $α$ is the fine structure constant and $m_e$ is electron mass) is from $\sim 10^{-38}$~cm$^2$ (for $i=0$) to $\sim 10^{-42}$~cm$^2$ (for $i=2$). We also derive constraints on the DM-electron cross sections for different form factors, which are stronger than previous results with similar assumptions. We emphasize that the Sun-heated DM scenario relies on the minimum assumption on DM models, which serves as a general explanation of the XENON1T anomaly via DM-electron interaction. The spectrum of the Sun-heated DM is typically soft comparing to other boosted DM, so the small recoil events are expected to be abundant in this scenario. More sensitive direct detection experiments with lower thresholds can possibly distinguish this scenario with other boosted DM models or solar axion models.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures; published in JHEP
Effective field theory of the classical two-dimensional plasma
Creators: name: Basagoiti, Manuel A. Valle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using techniques of effective field theory, we consider the thermodynamical properties of a dilute two-dimensional plasma interacting via a $1/r$ potential. The first one-loop correction to the partition function is already logarithmically divergent in the effective theory. The finite part of the one-loop induced couplings is then explicitly evaluated by matching the density-density correlator in the effective theory and in the full quantum theory. This task is performed from the formulation of the Coulomb problem in momentum space by projecting the two-dimensional momentum space onto the surface of a three-dimensional sphere. We also report some higher order results that, in the case of the one-component plasma immersed in a uniform neutralizing background, are resummed to obtain the complete leading-log partition function.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
EU farms’ technical efficiency and productivity change in 1990 – 2006
Creators: name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Fogarasi, Jozsef
name: Latruffe, Laure
name: Desjeux, Yann
name: Matveev, Eduard
name: Marongiu, Sonia
name: Dolman, Mark
name: Soboh, Rafat
name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Fogarasi, Jozsef
name: Latruffe, Laure
name: Desjeux, Yann
name: Matveev, Eduard
name: Marongiu, Sonia
name: Dolman, Mark
name: Soboh, Rafat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Production Economics

description: In this paper we analyse and compare various efficiency indicators for a number of European Union (EU) countries: Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden. The availability of long period datasets between 1990 and 2006, allow us to concentrate on the long time trends in technical efficiency especially in Old Member States. This study is the first which may provide a comprehensive overview on the development in farm level efficiency across eight European countries. Our main results are the following. Generally, all countries have relatively high levels of mean technical efficiency ranging from 0.72 to 0.92 for both field crops and dairy farms. Interestingly the majority of countries have better performance in dairy sectors in terms of higher levels of mean efficiency than in field crop production. A slightly decreasing trend however may be observed for all countries. Technical Efficiency estimates are largely in line with those obtained by previous studies. Stability analysis revealed that in average 60% of farms maintain their efficiency ranking in two consecutive years, whilst 20% improve and 20% worsen their positions for all countries. However, these ratios slightly fluctuate around these values for one year to next year. Mobility analysis ranks countries according to the mobility of SFA scores within the distribution. Farms in New Member States are more mobile than those in EU15. Total productivity changes are analysed in two steps. First, we do not find a definite trend in total factor productivity changes. Second, we address the question whether total factor productivity changes converge or diverge over time. Using panel unit root tests our estimations reveal a convergence of productivity across old EU member countries during analysed period. Finally, we decompose the total factor productivity changes into its main elements. Field crop farm indicators generally present significantly higher volatility than dairy farms. Random effect panel regression of Total Factor Productivity Change on its components shows Technological Change as being the significant positive driver for crop farms, whilst Technical Efficiency Change followed by Technological Change are the most important for dairy farms. In addition we do not find significant impacts of CAP reforms in 1992 and 2000 on total productivity changes.
Academic excellence in Latin America: Social accountability of medical schools
Creators: name: Puschel, Klaus
name: Riquelme, Arnoldo
name: Sapag, Jaime
name: Moore, Philippa
name: Díaz, Luis A.
name: Fuentes–López, Eduardo
name: Burdick, William
name: Norcini, John
name: Jara, Jorge Jiménez De La
name: Campos, Henry
name: Valdez, Jorge E.
name: Llosa, María Paola
name: Lamus-Lemus, Francisco
name: Yulitta, Horacio
name: Grez, Marcela
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Context: Social accountability of medical schools has emerged as a standard of excellence in medical education during the last decade. However, the lack of valid and reliable instruments to estimate social accountability has limited the possibility of measuring the impact that medical schools have in society. Our aim was to develop an instrument and validate its use for assessing social accountability in Latin American countries. Methods: We used a three–phase mixed methods research design to develop, validate and estimate social accountability in a diverse convenient sample of 49 medical schools from 16 Latin American countries. We used a qualitative framework approach and a Delphi consensus method to design an instrument with high content validity. Finally, we assessed the psychometric properties of the instrument. Results: The Social Accountability Instrument for Latin America (SAIL) contained 21 items in four domains: mission and quality improvement, public policy, community engagement, and professional integrity. Its reliability index, estimated using Cronbach’s alpha, was very high (0.96). Most of the medical schools that had ranked over the 80th percentile on traditional national academic estimates did not reach the 80th percentile using SAIL. Conclusions: There are validity arguments (content and reliability) to support the measurement of social accountability using the SAIL instrument. Its application showed that it provides a complementary dimension to that traditionally obtained when estimating quality in medical schools.
Effects of Gravitational Microlensing on P-Cygni Profiles of Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Bagherpour, Hamed
name: Branch, David
name: Kantowski, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief description of the deformed spectra of microlensed SNe Ia is presented. We show that microlensing amplification can have significant effects on line profiles. The resonance-scattering code SYNOW is used to compute the intensity profile in the rest frame of the supernova. The observed (microlensed) spectral lines are predicted assuming a simple stellar-size deflector, and are compared to unlensed cases to show the effects microlensing by solar-size deflectors can have on spectral lines. We limit our work to spherically symmetric deflectors.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, references added, submitted to ApJ
The EXOD search for faint transients in XMM-Newton observations: Method and discovery of four extragalactic Type I X-ray Bursters
Creators: name: Pastor-Marazuela, Inés
name: Webb, Natalie A.
name: Wojtowicz, Damien T.
name: van Leeuwen, Joeri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: XMM-Newton has produced an extensive X-ray source catalogue in which the standard pipeline determines the variability of sufficiently bright sources through chi-square and fractional variability tests. Faint sources, however, are not automatically checked for variability, thus overlooking faint, short timescale transients. Our goal is to find new faint, fast transients in XMM-Newton EPIC-pn observations. To that end we have created the EPIC-pn XMM-Newton Outburst Detector (EXOD) algorithm, which we run on the EPIC-pn data available in the 3XMM-DR8 catalogue. In EXOD, we compute the whole-field variability by binning in time the counts in each detector pixel. We next compute the maximum-to-median count difference in each pixel to detect variability. We applied EXOD to 5,751 observations and compared the variability of the detected sources to the standard chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) variability tests. The algorithm is able to detect periodic and aperiodic variability, short and long flares. Of the sources detected by EXOD, 60-95% are also shown to be variable by the chi-square and KS tests. We obtain a net number of 2,536 variable sources. Of these we investigate the nature of 35 sources with no previously confirmed classification. Amongst the new sources, we find stellar flares and AGNs; but also four extragalactic type I X-ray bursters that double the known neutron-star population in M31. This algorithm is a powerful tool to promptly detect variable sources in XMM-Newton observations. EXOD detects fast transients that other variability tests classify as non-variable due to their short duration and low number of counts. Finally, EXOD allows us to detect and identify the nature of rare compact objects through their variability. We demonstrate this through the discovery of four extragalactic neutron-star low mass X-ray binaries, doubling the number of known neutron stars in M31.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 25 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables
Birth of the Vizsla
Creators: name: Moshynska, Oksana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Vizsla;
subject: Vizsla Smooth
subject: Hungarian Pointer
subject: Magyar Pointer
subject: History
subject: Ancient history
subject: DNA

description: The Vizsla (Smooth), also known as a Hungarian Pointer, Magyar Vizsla, Magyar Pointer, or Yellow Pointer, is a beautiful, noble-looking, intelligent, and versatile breed excelling at various tasks presented to them. Vizsla may become a hunter, show prospect, competitive or non-competitive performance sport athlete, or companion. Such versatility is due to hundreds years of selective breeding and betterment of the breed, its traits and abilities. This paper looks all the way back to origins of the Vizsla.
A study of spectra of Cyg X-3 observed by BeppoSAX
Creators: name: Szostek, A.
name: Zdziarski, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the ~1-200 keV spectra of Cygnus X-3 observed by BeppoSAX. The continuum, modeled by Comptonization in a hybrid plasma, is modified by the strongly ionized plasma of the stellar wind of the Wolf-Rayet companion star. Discrete absorption and emission spectral features are modeled with XSTAR. The model has been applied to phase-resolved spectra in the hard and soft spectral states.
description: 3 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the Conference "X-ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas", Cambridge, November 15-17, 2004. Replacement: minor changes in text and acknowledgements
Reconsidering the Binning House
Creators: name: Weder, Adele Margot
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The 1941 Binning House in West Vancouver has long been hailed as a pioneer of Modernism in domestic Canadian architecture, and an inspiration for much of the West Coast Architecture that followed. Although it is usually described as product of Corbusian rationalism and a paradigm of low-cost dwelling, in fact it is neither. Rather, it is a composite of several competing strains of Modernism and aesthetic values prevalent in London during the year (1938-39) in which Binning resided there to study fine art. The Binning House is often misread as an austerely functionalist plan with an orthogonal layout, but a closer observation and actual measurement of wall and window angles reveals that Binning actually inflected the orthogonal, generating a splayed geometric layout with obtuse and acute angles in several corners, trapezoidal forms in the built-in furniture and studio clerestory window, and a dynamic sense of visual expansion and contraction. Binning's study with Henry Moore was evidently tremendously influential in this regard, as Moore avoided the machine-like aesthetic of the orthogonal and instead imbued his art with oblique, irregular and rounded lines. The oblique motif also manifests in Binning's own drawings of this time. Also empathetic to this approach was Berthold Lubetkin, whose Whipsnade Bungalow near London defied the doctrines of orthogonal functionalism. Binning viewed plans and photos of Whipsnade and other emblems of early European modernism at a seminal 1939 exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. This exhibition synthesized many of the ideas and forms that Binning had been exposed to in London and seems to have served as a catalyst for the house plan he was about to compose. In converging these various strains of early Modernism, Binning has transcended the dogma of architectural discourse and rendered it meaningful for a local, individual context.