cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
13CO Cores in Taurus Molecular Cloud
Creators: name: Qian, Lei
name: Li, Di
name: Goldsmith, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young stars form in molecular cores, which are dense condensations within molecular clouds. We have searched for molecular cores traced by $^{13}$CO $J=1\to 0$ emission in the Taurus molecular cloud and studied their properties. Our data set has a spatial dynamic range (the ratio of linear map size to the pixel size) of about 1000 and spectrally resolved velocity information, which together allow a systematic examination of the distribution and dynamic state of $^{13}$CO cores in a large contiguous region. We use empirical fit to the CO and CO$_2$ ice to correct for depletion of gas-phase CO. The $^{13}$CO core mass function ($^{13}$CO CMF) can be fitted better with a log-normal function than with a power law function. We also extract cores and calculate the $^{13}$CO CMF based on the integrated intensity of $^{13}$CO and the CMF from 2MASS. We demonstrate that there exists core blending, i.e.\ combined structures that are incoherent in velocity but continuous in column density. The core velocity dispersion (CVD), which is the variance of the core velocity difference $δv$, exhibits a power-law behavior as a function of the apparent separation $L$:\ CVD (km/s) $\propto L ({\rm pc})^{0.7}$. This is similar to Larson's law for the velocity dispersion of the gas. The peak velocities of $^{13}$CO cores do not deviate from the centroid velocities of the ambient $^{12}$CO gas by more than half of the line width. The low velocity dispersion among cores, the close similarity between CVD and Larson's law, and the small separation between core centroid velocities and the ambient gas all suggest that molecular cores condense out of the diffuse gas without additional energy from star formation or significant impact from converging flows.
description: 46 pages, 23 figures, accepted by ApJ
title: Tinoco Granados, Federico
Creators: name: Jiménez, Patricia Vega
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014

description: Federico Tinoco Granados was the Costa Rican president from 1917-1919 who declared war on Germany in April 1917. With his support for the United States during the last two years of the war, he tried to gain President Woodrow Wilson’s acceptance. The American president, however, later contributed to Tinoco’s overthrow.
Design and synthesis of antimycobacterial agents targeting the mycobacterial electron transport chain and the cell wall synthesis, and in vitro testing against different mycobacterial species
Creators: name: Abdelaziz, Rana
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Mycobacterial infections like tuberculosis and non-tuberculous infections are difficult to treat due to drug resistance. Q203 (telacebec), an imidazopyridineamide (IPA), targets CIII2CIV2 of the mycobacterial electron transport chain. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of action, 30 IPAs were synthesized and the inhibition of purified M. smegmatis CIII2CIV2 was tested using an oxygen consumption assay. The results supported the information obtained from the electron cryomicroscopy model of M. smegmatis CIII2CIV2-Q203, however, did not correlate perfectly with the in vitro growth inhibition assays. Ethambutol (EMB) inhibits the cell wall synthesis. To understand the structure-activity relationship, EMB analogues were designed to test their activity against mycobacteria. Further research is needed to understand the lack of correlation and design new effective drug candidates. Enzymatic assays of EMB analogues are needed to confirm target binding.
description: Tuberkulose und nicht-tuberkulöse Infektionen mit Mykobakterien sind aufgrund von Arzneimittelresistenzen schwer zu behandeln. Q203 (Telacebec), ein Imidazopyridinamid (IPA), hemmt den Enzymkomplex CIII2CIV2 der mykobakteriellen Elektronentransportkette. Um den molekularen Wirkmechanismus besser zu verstehen, wurden 30 IPAs synthetisiert. Die Hemmung von CIII2CIV2 aus M. smegmatis wurde mit einem Sauerstoffverbrauchs-Assay untersucht. Die Ergebnisse unterstützten das Modell von M. smegmatis CIII2CIV2-Q203 aus der Kryoelektronenmikroskopie, korrelierten jedoch nicht perfekt mit In-vitro-Wachstumshemmungstests. Ethambutol (EMB) hemmt die Zellwandsynthese. Zur Untersuchung der Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehung wurden neue EMB-Analoga auf Aktivität gegen Mykobakterien getestet. Weitere Forschung ist erforderlich, um die fehlende Korrelation zu verstehen und neue wirksame Arzneimittelkandidaten zu entwickeln. Enzymatische Tests von EMB-Analoga müssen die vermutete Bindung ans Target bestätigen.
The factor content of trade
Creators: name: Davis, Donald R.
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: Study of the factor content of trade has become a laboratory to test our ideas about how the key elements of endowments, production, absorption and trade fit together within a general equilibrium framework. Already a great deal of progress has been made in fitting these pieces together. Nevertheless, the existing research raises a great many questions that should help to focus empirical research in the coming years. Among the more pressing issues is a deeper consideration of the role of intermediates, the role of aggregation biases, and of differences in patterns of absorption. This work should provide a more substantial foundation for future policy work developed within a factor content framework.
title: Finnish Civil War 1918
title: Finnish Civil War 1918
Creators: name: Tepora, Tuomas
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Finnischer Bürgerkrieg
subject: Finland--History--Civil War, 1918

description: The Finnish Civil War was fought between the socialist Reds and the non-socialist Whites in the newly sovereign state. The conflict lasted from late January until mid-May 1918 and resulted in a White victory. The war began as an offshoot of the October Revolution. German support for the Whites made Finland an explicit theater of the First World War.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Joint effects of ethnic enclave residence and ambient volatile organic compounds exposure on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian/Pacific Islander women in the United States
Creators: name: Williams, Andrew D.
name: Ha, Sandie
name: Shenassa, Edmond
name: Messer, Lynne C.
name: Kanner, Jenna
name: Mendola, Pauline
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: Air pollution
Asian/Pacific Islanders
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Pregnancy
Volatile Organic Compounds
Ethnic enclave
Stress
Joint exposure

description: Asian/Pacific Islander (API) communities in the United States often reside in metropolitan areas with distinct social and environmental attributes. Residence in an ethnic enclave, a socially distinct area, is associated with lower gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, yet exposure to high levels of air pollution, including volatile organic compounds (VOCS), is associated with increased GDM risk. We examined the joint effects of ethnic enclaves and VOCs to better understand GDM risk among API women, the group with the highest prevalence of GDM. We examined 9069 API births in the Consortium on Safe Labor (19 hospitals, 2002–2008). API ethnic enclaves were defined as areas ≥66th percentile for percent API residents, dissimilarity (geographic dispersal of API and White residents), and isolation (degree that API individuals interact with another API individual). High levels of 14 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were defined as ≥75th percentile. Four joint categories were created for each VOC: Low VOC/Enclave (reference group), Low VOC/No Enclave, High VOC/Enclave, High VOC/No Enclave. GDM was reported in medical records. Hierarchical logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between joint exposures and GDM, adjusted for maternal factors and area-level poverty. Risk was estimated for 3-months preconception and first trimester exposures. Enclave residence was associated with lower GDM risk regardless of VOC exposure. Preconception benzene exposure was associated with increased risk when women resided outside enclaves [High VOC/No Enclave (OR:3.45, 95%CI:1.77,6.72)], and the effect was somewhat mitigated within enclaves, [High VOC/Enclave (OR:2.07, 95%:1.09,3.94)]. Risks were similar for 12 of 14 VOCs during preconception and 10 of 14 during the first trimester. API residence in non-enclave areas is associated with higher GDM risk, regardless of VOC level. Ethnic enclave residence may mitigate effects of VOC exposure, perhaps due to lower stress levels. The potential benefit of ethnic enclaves warrants further study.
The Politics of Related Lending
Creators: name: Halling, Michael
name: Pichler, Pegaret
name: Stomper, Alex
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: We analyze the profitability of government-owned banks’ lending to their owners, using a unique data set of relatively homogeneous government-owned banks; the banks are all owned by similarly structured local governments in a single country. Making use of a natural experiment that altered the regulatory and competitive environment, we find evidence that such lending was used to transfer revenues from the banks to the governments. Some of the evidence is particularly pronounced in localities where the incumbent politicians face significant competition for reelection.
Nonzero $θ_{13}$ and Neutrino Masses from Modified Neutrino Mixing Matrix
Creators: name: Damanik, Asan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonzero and relatively large $θ_{13}$ have been reported by Daya Bay, T2K, MINOS, and Double Chooz Collaborations. In order to accommodate the nonzero $θ_{13}$, we modified the tribimaximal (TB), bimaxima (BM), and democratic (DC) neutrino mixing matrices. From three modified neutrino mixing matrices, two of them (the modified BM and DC mixing matrices) can give nonzero $θ_{13}$ which is compatible with the result of the Daya Bay and T2K experiments. The modified TB neutrino mixing matrix predicts the value of $θ_{13}$ greater than the upper bound value of the latest experimental results. By using the modified neutrino mixing matrices and impose an additional assumption that neutrino mass matrices have two zeros texture, we then obtain the neutrino mass in normal hierarchy when $(M_ν)_{22}=(M_ν)_{33}=0$ for the neutrino mass matrix from the modified TB neutrino mixing matrix and $(M_ν)_{11}=(M_ν)_{13}=0$ for the neutrino mass matrix from the modified DC neutrino mixing matrix. For these two patterns of neutrino mass matrices, either the atmospheric mass squared difference or the solar mass squared difference can be obtained, but not both of them simultaneously. From four patterns of two zeros texture to be considered on the obtained neutrino mass matrix from the modified BM neutrino mixing matrix, none of them can predict correctly neutrino mass spectrum (normal or inverted hierarchy).
description: 13 pages, no figure, some references added, and slight revision due to reviewer(s) comments, to be published in IJMPA
Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation
Creators: name: Moyes, Kasey M
name: Larsen, Torben
name: Sørensen, Peter
name: Ingvartsen, Klaus L
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cow
Early lactation
Escherichia coli
Metabolism

description: The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli (E. coli) for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused (h = 0) with ~20-40 cfu of live E. coli into one front mammary quarter at ~4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At –12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coli. Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge (h = 0) and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free glucose (fglu), and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation. By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased (P <0.05) by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. Plasma BHBA decreased (12 h; P <0.05) from 0.96 ± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57 ± 0.64 mmol/L by 18 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA (18 h) and glucose (24 h) were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge. In milk, fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values. Changes in metabolites in blood and milk were most likely associated with drops in feed intake and milk yield. However, the early rise in plasma NEFA may also signify enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis. Lower concentrations of plasma BHBA may be attributed to an increase transfer into milk after IMI. Decreases in both milk lactose yield and % after challenge may be partly attributed to reduced conversion of fglu to lactose. Rises in G6P yield and concentration in milk after challenge (24 h) may signify increased conversion of fglu to G6P. Results identify changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk after IMI challenge with E. coli in dairy cows that may partly explain the partitioning of nutrients and changes in milk components after IMI for cows during early lactation.
Unwrapping citizenship : getting inside the nature of citizenship education
Creators: name: Burton, Shannon Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Citizenship education has been and continues to be espoused as a primary purpose of schooling. Citizenship education has been challenged by not only shifting notions of what is means to be a citizen, but also by the contested nature of citizenship and democracy. Neoliberal impacts have changed citizenship from a political and social to an economic concept. Citizenship has been professed as a universal concept providing all people in our democracy equal rights and protection. This, however, fails to promote understanding of the realities of inequality that permeate society. Hegemonic structures continue to separate the privileged and the not so privileged. Problems of citzenship inherently mean problems of citizenship education. This purpose of this study was to explore the reality of citizenship education. The research questions were: • What are the opportunities present (in the curriculum) for students to develop citizenship at the elementary school, and what is the nature of the student experiences and interactions with those opportunities? • How do school experiences promote development of citizenship attributes of personal responsibility, participation, and social justice? Data was collected through environmental observation and a series of semi-structured individual and group interviews with grade seven students at Westview Elementary School in Vancouver, British Columbia. The data revealed an emphasis on developing personally responsible citizenship, while participatory citizenship education remained set aside for the students in leadership group, and opportunities for developing authentic social justice citizenship education were minimal. In the interviews, students communicated the impact of agency and increased awareness. There was a void with regards to critical opportunities to question systems and explore reasons for injustice. Student experiences with citizenship education did not tackle concepts of democracy, universalism of citizenship, nor explore effects of privilege. This lack of critical pedagogy and questioning of current structures disables the capacity of citizenship education to transform society. Tensions presented themselves in the struggle for educators to step out of the neutral zone, unpack limitations, and have time to alter the current curriculum path. Amidst the tensions and the challenges of citizenship education at Westview, however, there are many possibilities and promises for transforming the citizenship rhetoric into a reality.
UVB-exposed plant oils as potential sources of vitamin D : studies on bioavailability and metabolism of vitamin D metabolites
Creators: name: Bailer, Anja Christina
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Um den Vitamin D-Mangel zu bekämpfen, sind alternative Strategien erforderlich. Daher wurde in dieser Arbeit das Potenzial von UVB-bestrahlten Pflanzenölen zur Verbesserung des Vitamin-D-Status untersucht. Pflanzenöle, insbesondere Weizenkeimöl (WGO), enthalten hohe Konzentrationen der Vitamin D-Vorstufe Ergosterol, die unter UVB-Exposition in Vitamin D2 umgewandelt werden kann. UVB-exponiertes WGO konnte die Konzentration des Serumparameters 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2) bei Mäusen und Menschen erhöhen. Im Menschen kam es jedoch zu einer gleichzeitigen Abnahme der 25(OH)D3-Level, was letztlich zu keiner Verbesserung des Vitamin-D-Status führte. Studien zeigten, dass sich Vitamin D2 und D3 in ihren Stoffwechselwegen unterscheiden, was darauf hindeutet, dass Vitamin D2 beim Menschen weniger effizient sein könnte. Der Verzehr hoher Konzentrationen von Ergosterol in Pflanzenölen könnte jedoch von Vorteil sein, da es die Vitamin D3-Konzentration in den Gewebespeichern erhöht.
description: To combat vitamin D deficiency, alternative strategies are needed. The current thesis examined the potential of UVB-exposed plant oils to improve vitamin D status. Plant oils, in particular wheat germ oil (WGO), contain high concentrations of the vitamin D precursor ergosterol, which can be transformed to vitamin D2 under ultraviolet light B (UVB)-exposure. UVB-exposed WGO was able to increase the concentration of the serum parameter 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2) in mice and in humans. However, humans responded with a decrease in 25(OH)D3, which ultimately led to no improvement of the vitamin D status. Studies showed, that vitamin D2 and D3 differ in their metabolic routes, suggesting that vitamin D2 might be less efficient in humans. However, the consumption of high concentrations of ergosterol in plant oils might be beneficial, as ergosterol was shown to increase the tissue vitamin D3 concentrations.
Bones, bombs and break points: The geography of economic activity
Creators: name: Davis, Donald R.
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: We consider the distribution of economic activity within a country in light of three leading theories - increasing returns, random growth, and locational fundamentals. To do so, we examine the distribution of regional population in Japan from the Stone Age to the modern era. We also consider the Allied bombing of Japanese cities in WWII as a shock to relative city sizes. Our results support a hybrid theory in which locational fundamentals establish the spatial pattern of relative regional densities, but increasing returns may help to determine the degree of spatial differentiation. One implication of these results is that even large temporary shocks to urban areas have no long-run impact on city size.
title: Fourteen Points
title: Fourteen Points
Creators: name: Thomas, Chris
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wilson, Woodrow
subject: Versailler Vertrag
subject: Treaty of Versailles (1919)
subject: Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924

description: The Fourteen Points were U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s post World War I blueprint to end territorial disputes in Europe, promote international commerce, and make the world safe for democracy. They were based on the ideas of open trade and collective diplomacy, and introduced the concept of national self-determination.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Composite Weak Bosons at the LHC
Creators: name: Fritzsch, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a composite model of the weak bosons the p-wave bosons are studied. The state with the lowest mass is identified with the boson, which might have been detected recently at the LHC. Specific properties of these excited bosons are studied, in particular their decays into weak bosons, into photons and into leptons or quarks.
description: 8 pages
CryoCloud: Accelerating discovery for NASA Cryosphere communities with open cloud infrastructure
Creators: name: Snow, Tasha
name: Millstein, Joanna
name: Scheick, Jessica
name: Leong, Wei Ji
name: Sauthoff, Wilson
name: Perez, Fernando
name: Colliander, James
name: Munroe, James
name: Sutterley, Tyler
name: Siegfried, Matthew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Science is not composed of isolated groups of practitioners, but is rather an interconnected network of communities of practice, with members who fluidly move between them. Infrastructure for scientific research and collaboration should leverage this structure to make science more productive and inclusive. NASA (along with many other scientific entities) has started to adopt practices consistent with this natural structure of contemporary science. Communities such as Project Jupyter and your own (Pangeo) have pioneered a model for the inclusive, interconnected, and data-intensive practices of the future through cloud-based JupyterHub workflows. However, substantial barriers exist for individual users to make the transition from their local systems to the cloud to accomplish research goals: cloud cost opacity, infrastructure deployment complexity, and a general lack of community awareness and knowledge, among others. We can overcome these barriers by building upon existing cloud-workflow models and creating infrastructure that allows researchers to seamlessly move their workflows wherever they can do their best work. To optimize and expand this cloud-based model, we have established a managed computing platform, called CryoCloud, in partnership with the International Interactive Computing Collaboration (2i2c) team and developed community expertise in using this platform. We draw on the NASA Cryosphere community as a use-case. Specifically, we deploy open-source infrastructure in a cloud environment adapted to the needs of researchers, use this infrastructure to provide cloud and community expert-led hackathon-style training workshops, and work with the experience of these practitioners to advance the development of new and existing open-source tools for collaborative, open-science research. This cycle of interconnected practice, research, and development helps us better understand the evolving needs of researchers working in this manner. Thus we can adapt our tools to facilitate the growth of multi-community infrastructure and build the technical knowledge needed to facilitate NASA’s open-source, interconnected, and science-accelerated vision of the future.
Spatio-temporal patterns of farmland abandonment in the irrigated lowlands of Amu Darya and Syr Darya : a retrospective analysis between 1987 and 2017 using remote sensing and geospatial data
Creators: name: Bauer, Christian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 550

description: Ein großer Teil der Bewässerungslandwirtschaft in den postsowjetischen zentralasiatischen Staaten wurde seit den 1970er Jahren aufgegeben, und die räaumlichen und zeitlichen Muster sind nach wie vor unbekannt. In dieser Studie wurde ein retrospektives Framework zur jährlichen, feldgenauen Untersuchung von Landaufgabe und deren Ursachen in drei Gebieten, Khorezm, Südkarakalpakstan (SKKP) und Kazalinsk entwickelt. In Khorezm sind im Jahr 2017 9 %, in SKKP 38% und in Kazalinsk 38 % der Felder aufgegeben. Potenzell gefährdet sind 19% - 32 %. Die Treiberanalyse unter Verwendung räumlicher Prädiktoren wurde pro Landkreis durchgeführt, wobei die Bodenqualität und die Lage eines Feldes als wichtigste Treiber erkannt wurden. Aber auch die Wasserverfügbarkeit und der Zustand des Bewässerungsnetzes beeinflussen die Landnutzung. Das Framework Rahmen kann Landnutzungsplanern bei gezielten Maßnahmen unterstützen und ist durch die Verwendung offener Daten und die Verwendung der Ergebnisse in digitalen Geodatendiensten besonders attraktiv.
description: Large scale of the irrigation agriculture in the post soviet Central Asian states has been abandoned since the 1970s and its spatial and temporal patterns remain unknown. This study provides a retrospective framework to investigate spatial and temporal distribution, and the drivers of abandonment. Three study sites were selected. In Khorezm, 9% of the fields, 38% in South Karakalpakstan (SKKP) and Kazalinsk remain abandoned in 2017. Affected by abandonment are 19% in Khorezm and up to 32% in SKKP and Kazalinsk. The driver analysis using spatial predictors was performed for each rayon, reveiling the soil quality and location of a field to the irrigation infrastructure as significant drivers. But also water availability and the condition of the irrigation network influence land use. The framework can support land use planners on targeted measures and is attractive due to the use of open data and that its results can be implemented digital geoservices.
title: Patton, George Smith
title: Patton, George Smith
Creators: name: Redgraves, Christopher Michael
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Patton, George S.
subject: Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945

description: George Smith Patton was an American military leader. He began his career as a cavalry officer and later helped introduce tanks into the American army. His importance to the First World War was the way he trained the 304th Tank Brigade. He also commanded American tanks during the battle of St. Mihel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
УЛУЧШЕНИЕ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В СИСТЕМУ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ОБНОВЛЯЮЩЕМСЯ УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ
Creators: name: Дехканова, Наргиза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В данной статье рассматриваются инновационные технологии, которые необходимо внедрять в систему образования в модернизирующемся Узбекистане и решения по подготовке конкурентоспособных кадров посредством эффективного развития системы образования среди развитых стран мира. В нем также содержится информация о реформах, проводимых с целью внедрения инновационных технологий в современную систему образования и их применения в модернизированном мире.
The AIDS Epidemic and Economic Policy Analysis
Creators: name: Bloom, David E.
name: Mahal, Ajay S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics
Public health

description: Economists have a vital role to play in helping public health officials and policymakers understand the AIDS epidemic and design efficient policies to limit its impact. AIDS is first and foremost a public health problem, but it is a problem with deep economic roots and potentially devastating economic consequences. The main purpose of this article is to document this assertion.
Topology and Invertible Maps
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: I study connected manifolds and prove that a proper map f: M → M is globally invertible when it has a nonvanishing Jacobian and the fundamental group Ð¿1 (M) is finite. This includes finite and infinite dimensional manifolds. Reciprocally, if Ð¿1 (M) is infinite, there exist locally invertible maps which are not globally invertible. The results provide simple conditions for unique solutions to systems of simultaneous equations and for unique market equilibrium. Under standard desirability conditions, it is shown that a competitive market has a unique equilibrium if its reduced excess demand has a nonvanishing Jacobian. The applications are sharpest in markets with limited arbitrage and strictly convex preferences: a nonvanishing Jacobian ensures the existence of a unique equilibrium in finite of infinite dimensions, even when the excess demand is not defined for some prices, and with or without short sales.
Projecting the Number of New AIDS Cases in the U.S.
Creators: name: Bloom, David E.
name: Glied, Sherry A. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics
Public health

description: This paper reviews the two leading methods used to project the number of AIDS cases: back calculation and extrapolation. These methods are assessed in light of key features of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and of data on the epidemic; they are also assessed in terms of the quality of the projections they yield. Our analysis shows that both methods have tended to overproject, often by sizable amounts, the number of AIDS cases in the U.S., especially among homosexual/bisexual males and users of blood and blood products. Our results provide no evidence that the use of AZT and other prophylaxis accounts for these projection errors. Rather, the overprojections appear to be mainly the result of a considerable reduction in the rate of new HIV infection among the gay community starting in 1983-85. A new method for projecting AIDS cases is proposed that exploits knowledge about the process generating AIDS cases and that incorporates readily available information about rates of new HIV infection. This method is far less sensitive to estimates of the incubation distribution than the method of back calculation and is shown, for the two transmission categories studied, to generate far more accurate AIDS case projections through 1990 than those based on the method of extrapolation. Relative to the method of extrapolation, this method projects 22,000 fewer new AIDS cases for 1995 (a 36 percent difference). This method also projects that intravenous drug users will replace homosexual/bisexual men as the dominant transmission category for AIDS.
Dark energy and dark matter from nonlocal ghost-free gravity theory
Creators: name: Barvinsky, A. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a class of generally covariant ghost-free nonlocal gravity models generating de Sitter or Anti-de Sitter background with an arbitrary value of the effective cosmological constant and featuring a mechanism of dark matter simulation. These models interpolate between the general relativistic phase on a flat spacetime background and their strongly coupled infrared (Anti)-de Sitter phase with two propagating massless graviton modes.
description: 9 pages, LaTeX, final version published in Phys. Lett. B: title changed, discussion of Schwinger-Keldysh technique vs Euclidean field theory extended, presentation improved, references added. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1112.4340
title: Clam-Martinic, Heinrich, Graf
title: Clam-Martinic, Heinrich, Graf
Creators: name: Brendel, Heiko
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Clam-Martinič, Heinrich K.
subject: Clam-Martinic, Heinrich, Graf, 1863-1932

description: Count Heinrich Karl Clam-Martinic was a German-speaking Bohemian high aristocrat and close friend to heir apparent Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Under Emperor and King Charles I, Clam-Martinic was Austrian (Cisleithanian) prime minister from 1916 to 1917 and Austro-Hungarian military general governor in Montenegro from 1917 to 1918.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
What Can History Teach Us about the Next Pandemic?
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public health
Epidemics
Globalization--Health aspects

description: The Hertog Global Strategy Initiative is a research program that employs historical analysis to confront present and future problems in world politics. The 2011 topic is the History and Future of Pandemic Threats and Global Public Health. This panel discussion covers historical global pandemics and their lessons for the future. The speakers are George Korch, principal deputy assistant secretary for preparedness and response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Erez Manela, professor of history, Harvard University; Howard Markel, director of the Center for the History of Medicine, University of Michigan; Randall Packard, professor of the history of medicine, Institute of the History of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; David Rosner, co-director, Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health; Kavita Sivaramakrishnan, assistant professor, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. The panel is moderated by Stephen Morse, professor of clinical epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health and director, USAID PREDICT Program.
Trochonanina bloyeti : Bourguignat 1889
Creators: name: Muratov, Igor V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Urocyclidae
Trochonanina
Trochonanina bloyeti

description: Trochonanina bloyeti Bourguignat, 1889
 Fig. 50 Trochonanina bloyeti: Bourguignat 1889: 21 (Near Kondoa, Usambara, north-eastern Tanzania; 7× 15 mm).
A rare eastern African species, with a general distribution from northern Tanzania to central Mozambique. A single shell found inland. Quite similar to the preceding species, differing from it by the wider spaced, stronger axial ribs on the upper side of the more depressed, uniformly coloured shell. The shell illustrated here has lighter spots in places of the damaged periostracum.
description: Published as part of Muratov, Igor V., 2010, Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of north-eastern Mozambique, pp. 255 in African Invertebrates 51 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.5733/afin.051.0203, http://zenodo.org/record/10268367
Chronicle of an Epidemic Foretold: The Resurgence and Control of Tuberculosis in New York City
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public health
Epidemics
Tuberculosis

description: The Hertog Global Strategy Initiative is a research program that employs historical analysis to confront present and future problems in world politics. The 2011 topic is the History and Future of Pandemic Threats and Global Public Health. In this lecture, James Colgrove, associate professor in the Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, discusses the tuberculosis epidemic in New York City in the 1990s.
Redshift drift in axially symmetric quasi-spherical Szekeres models
Creators: name: Mishra, Priti
name: Célérier, Marie-Noëlle
name: Singh, Tejinder P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of inhomogeneous universes constructed with exact solutions of Einstein's General Relativity have been proposed in the literature with the aim of reproducing the cosmological data without any need for a dark energy component. Besides large scale inhomogeneity models spherically symmetric around the observer, Swiss-cheese models have also been studied. Among them, Swiss-cheeses where the inhomogeneous patches are modeled by different particular Szekeres solutions have been used for reproducing the apparent dimming of the type Ia supernovae (SNIa). However, the problem of fitting such models to the SNIa data is completely degenerate and we need other constraints to fully characterize them. One of the tests which is known to be able to discriminate between different cosmological models is the redshift-drift. This drift has already been calculated by different authors for Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) models. We compute it here for one particular axially symmetric quasi-spherical Szekeres (QSS) Swiss-cheese which has previously been shown to reproduce to a good accuracy the SNIa data, and we compare the results to the drift in the $Λ$CDM model and in some LTB models that can be found in the literature. We show that it is a good discriminator between them. Then, we discuss our model's remaining degrees of freedom and propose a recipe to fully constrain them.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, minor changes in title, text, figures and references; conclusions unchanged, this version matches the published version
title: Pirenne, Henri
title: Pirenne, Henri
Creators: name: Warland, Geneviève
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pirenne, Henri
subject: Pirenne, Henri, 1862-1935

description: Accused of refusing to collaborate with the German authorities, the Belgian historian Henri Pirenne was deported to Germany in 1916. His captivity led him to reconsider his view on German historical scholarship and to propose a new methodology to fight against all parochialism: the comparative history method.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Negotiating Issues Related to Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: The Sharing of Influenza Viruses and Access to Vaccines and Other Benefits
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public health
Epidemics
Epidemics--Prevention
Influenza
Influenza viruses
Influenza vaccines
Influenza--Research

description: The Hertog Global Strategy Initiative is a research program that employs historical analysis to confront present and future problems in world politics. The 2011 topic is the History and Future of Pandemic Threats and Global Public Health. In this lecture, John Lange, senior program officer, Global Health Policy and Advocacy, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, discusses various global health problems.
An investigation of student learning using threshold concepts in a first year cell biology course
Creators: name: Smith, Karen Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: There is a lack of understanding of how conceptually difficult content is processed by students in first year biology courses. Much of the research reports that threshold concepts can be applied in multi-disciplinary frameworks from the sciences to humanities (Lucas and Mladenovic, 2007). By drawing on Land and Meyer’s (2003) operational definition for threshold concepts, the purpose of this study is to investigate threshold concepts and their potential for high levels of student engagement in a first year cell biology course at the University of British Columbia. To investigate to what extent threshold concepts exist, student feedback with educators perspectives were examined for areas that represented threshold concepts and used to create a framework. Focus group interviews explored the student learning experience and evaluated if the course activities supported threshold concepts and provided a transformative learning experience. The transformative nature of concepts was related to levels of course engagement by administering a validated course engagement questionnaire to focus groups. The study showed there is some evidence of threshold concepts in cell biology, particularly in the areas of genetics and energy generation and focus group interviews corroborated these results. As three threshold concepts were chosen to examine in depth, discussions among focus group participants showed that students struggled with overcoming difficulties in understanding discursive language, linking concepts across the disciplines and distinguishing important concepts that are central to understanding biological processes. Two learning strategies that were found to be particularly useful in enhancing transformative learning were the use of in-class clicker questions and group investigation activities. However, students were assessed to be only moderately engaged in the content, relied on surface learning techniques for mastery and lacked the deeper learning processes that were necessary for a transformative learning experience. This study has implications for the role of instructional development to identify threshold concepts, help students in learning challenging material and achieve deep learning processes. Based on these results, threshold concepts can provide the foundation for examining conceptually difficult content within a first year cell biology course and a specific focus on threshold concepts can assist students in crossing conceptual boundaries.
MATRIZ DE PRIORIZAÇÃO DE GERENCIAMENTO PARA PROCESSOS DE INTEROPERABILIDADE DE DADOS EM INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Creators: name: Reis, Marcos Antonio dos
name: Vasconcelos, Ana Lúcia Fonte de Souza
name: Vallim Filho, Arnaldo Rabello de Aguiar
name: Pascual, Jose Valentin Iglesias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Meu Painel: DOI/ 10.5281/zenodo.10229625
title: Yrigoyen, Hipólito
title: Yrigoyen, Hipólito
Creators: name: Tato, María Inés
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Irigoyen, Hipólito
subject: Irigoyen, Hipólito, 1852-1933

description: Hipólito Yrigoyen was president of Argentina during a critical moment of the First World War. He maintained neutrality despite internal and external pressures, and promoted Pan-Hispanism to counteract United States Pan-Americanism.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The Historical Evolution of International Collaborations in Cross Border Infectious Disease Events… From the Quarantine in Europe during the Medieval Plague Outbreaks on
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public health
Epidemiology
Epidemics
International relations
Globalization--Health aspects
Communicable diseases

description: The Hertog Global Strategy Initiative is a research program that employs historical analysis to confront present and future problems in world politics. The 2011 topic is the History and Future of Pandemic Threats and Global Public Health. In this lecture, David Heymann, chairman of the board of the Health Protection Agency, United Kingdom, discusses the history and future of global public health and pandemic threats.
On the number and location of short geodesics in moduli space
Creators: name: Leininger, Christopher J.
name: Margalit, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A closed Teichmuller geodesic in the moduli space M_g of Riemann surfaces of genus g is called L-short if it has length at most L/g. We show that, for any L > 0, there exist e_2 > e_1 > 0, independent of g, so that the L-short geodesics in M_g all lie in the intersection of the e_1-thick part and the e_2-thin part. We also estimate the number of L-short geodesics in M_g, bounding this from above and below by polynomials in g whose degrees depend on L and tend to infinity as L does.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure
title: Hundred Days Offensive
title: Hundred Days Offensive
Creators: name: Lloyd, Nicholas
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Amiens / Schlacht [1918]
subject: Amiens, Battle of, Amiens, France, 1918

description: The Hundred Days was the final campaign on the Western Front during the Great War. During this period a series of sequential Allied offensives finally broke through German resistance and compelled the German Army to seek an armistice.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Universality in Four-Boson Systems
Creators: name: Frederico, T.
name: Delfino, A.
name: Hadizadeh, M. R.
name: Tomio, L.
name: Yamashita, M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report recent advances on the study of universal weakly bound four-boson states from the solutions of the Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations with zero-range two-body interactions. In particular, we present the correlation between the energies of successive tetramers between two neighbor Efimov trimers and compare it to recent finite range potential model calculations. We provide further results on the large momentum structure of the tetramer wave function, where the four-body scale, introduced in the regularization procedure of the bound state equations in momentum space, is clearly manifested. The results we are presenting confirm a previous conjecture on a four-body scaling behavior, which is independent of the three-body one. We show that the correlation between the positions of two successive resonant four-boson recombination peaks are consistent with recent data, as well as with recent calculations close to the unitary limit. Systematic deviations suggest the relevance of range corrections.
description: Accepted for publication in special issue of Few-Body Systems devoted to the Sixth Workshop on the Critical Stability of Quantum Few-Body Systems, October 2011, Erice, Sicily, Italy
Supplementary document for Enhancing in vitro photothermal therapy using plasmonic gold nanorod decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes - 6735740.pdf
Creators: name: Oudjedi, Fatma
name: Lee, Seung
name: Paliouras, Miltiadis
name: Trifiro, Mark
name: Kirk, Andrew
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental information