cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Claims of wrongdoing by outgroup members heighten children's ingroup biases
Creators: name: Glidden, Jacquelyn
name: D'Esterre, Alexander P.
name: Butler, Lucas P.
name: Killen, Melanie
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Little is known about how group bias may impact children's acceptance of unsubstantiated claims. Most children view cheating as unfair. However, in competitive situations, when ambiguity surrounds the potential intention to cheat, group affiliation may lead children to support claims of cheating based solely on the team affiliation of the claimant, even when those claims are not clearly substantiated. Therefore, it may be particularly important to consider the role ingroup bias may play in children's accusations of cheating in a competitive intergroup context. The current study investigated 4–10 year old children's (N = 137, MAge = 6.71 years, SDAge = 1.49; 47 % female) evaluations of ambiguous acts and unverified claims about those acts in a competitive, intergroup context. Results showed that children initially viewed an ambiguous act similarly, regardless of team affiliation, but demonstrated increasing ingroup biases after claims of wrongdoing were introduced. Implications for how unsubstantiated claims may impact intergroup interactions more broadly will be discussed.
FUNKSIYA HOSILALARINING TATBIQLARI MAVZUSINI O'QITISHNING ZAMONAVIY USULLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH.
Creators: name: Niyazaliyeva, K.M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada funksiya hosilalarining tatbiqlari mavzusidan amaliy mashg‘ulotlar o‘tkazishda ba’zi asosiy zamonaviy usullar, ularning tatbiqiga oid misollarda o’rganilgan.
Adiabatic processes realized with a trapped Brownian particle
Creators: name: Martínez, Ignacio A.
name: Roldán, Édgar
name: Dinis, Luis
name: Petrov, Dmitri
name: Rica, Raúl A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally realize quasistatic adiabatic processes using a single optically-trapped micro- sphere immersed in water whose effective temperature is controlled by an external random electric field. A full energetic characterization of adiabatic processes that preserve either the position dis- tribution or the full phase space volume is presented. We show that only in the latter case the exchanged heat and the change in the entropy of the particle vanish when averaging over many repetitions. We provide analytical expressions for the distributions of the fluctuating heat and en- tropy, which we verify experimentally. We show that the heat distribution is asymmetric for any non-isothermal quasistatic process. Moreover, the shape of the distribution of the system entropy change in the adiabatic processes depends significantly on the number of degrees of freedom that are considered for the calculation of system entropy.
Multidimensional instability and dynamics of spin-avalanches in crystals of nanomagnets
Creators: name: Jukimenko, O.
name: Dion, C. M.
name: Marklund, M.
name: Bychkov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a fundamental instability of the magnetization-switching fronts in super-paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials such as crystals of nanomagnets, ferromagnetic nanowires, and systems of quantum dots with large spin. We develop the instability theory for both linear and nonlinear stages. By using numerical simulations we investigate the instability properties focusing on spin avalanches in crystals of nanomagnets. The instability distorts spontaneously the fronts and leads to a complex multidimensional front dynamics. We show that the instability has a universal physical nature, with a deep relationship to a wide variety of physical systems, such as the Darrieus-Landau instability of deflagration fronts in combustion, inertial confinement fusion and thermonuclear su- pernovae, and the instability of doping fronts in organic semiconductors.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Spousal Violence and Contraceptive Use among Married Afghan Women in a Nationally Representative Sample
Creators: name: Ibrahimi, Sahra
name: Steinberg, Julia R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: spousal violence and types
demographic health survey
contraceptive use and types
married Afghan women
the Taliban administration

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Objective: Afghanistan is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of spousal violence (56%) and a low prevalence of contraceptive use (23%), yet there is no study assessing how spousal violence is related to contraceptive use, and what methods are most used by women. Therefore, this study examined the association between the number of types of spousal violence and contraceptive use. Method: Using data from 18,985 Afghan married women, aged 15 to 49, who responded to the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey, the current contraceptive method was grouped into five categories: male-involved methods, pills, injectables, long-acting reversible contraception, female sterilization, and Lactation Amenorrhea Method. The number of types of spousal violence in the past 12 months was categorized as none, one type, or two or more types, based on women’s experiences with verbal, physical, and sexual violence. For analysis, binary and multinomial logistic regression were used. Results: After adjusting for the covariates, the experience of any spousal violence was associated with contraception use (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.64–2.27, p = 0.0001). Among those using contraception, experiencing two or three types of spousal violence was associated with using pills (adjusted risk ratio (aRRR) = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.63–2.77, p = 0.0001), injections (aRRR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.26–2.41, p = 0.001), and LAM (aRRR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.05–5.20, p = 0.0001), compared to male-involved methods. Conclusions: The findings of this study may inform policymakers and program implementers in designing interventions to address the pervasive problem of violence against women, and make pills and injectables more accessible to Afghan women, since these methods are under women’s control and more often used in Afghanistan.
Time-Series Methods for Forecasting and Modeling Uncertainty in the Food Price Outlook
Creators: name: MacLachlan, Matthew
name: Chelius, Carolyn
name: Short, Gianna
name: MacLachlan, Matthew
name: Chelius, Carolyn
name: Short, Gianna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Consumer Price Index (CPI), food prices, Food Price Outlook (FPO), forecasting, model selection, Producer Price Index (PPI), time-series econometrics, uncertainty

description: The USDA, Economic Research Service’s Food Price Outlook (FPO) provides monthly forecasts of annual food price percent changes up to 18 months in advance. The forecasts add value to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer and Producer Price Indexes (CPI, PPI) by giving farmers, wholesalers, retailers, institutional buyers, consumers, and policymakers a uniform set of predictions about food prices. The more accurate the predictions, the more value FPO contributes. Events such as recent natural disasters, the Great Recession, the Food Crisis of 2011, and the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of food price forecasting and the need for improvements to the forecasting methodology to enhance accuracy and treat uncertainty more rigorously. This technical bulletin describes a time-series-based approach for forecasting food prices which provides enhanced precision, removes potential biases from the specification process, and allows for a clearer characterization of uncertainty about future food prices. Four case studies are included to illustrate how these forecasts can be used.
Accreditation of Programmes for Quality Assurance in Nigerian Higher Education.pdf
Creators: name: Onabe, Deborah  Bombum
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The development of any nation has largely depends on the quality of its education as well as the magnitude of conscious efforts made to ensure quality at every level. This paper looks at education as a very significant tool for sustainable development because through higher institution, one is prepared to adapt to socio-political , technological and economic challenges...
Non-linear Simulations of MHD Instabilities in Tokamaks Including Eddy Current Effects and Perspectives for the Extension to Halo Currents
Creators: name: Hoelzl, M.
name: Huijsmans, G. T. A.
name: Merkel, P.
name: Atanasiu, C.
name: Lackner, K.
name: Nardon, E.
name: Aleynikova, K.
name: Liu, F.
name: Strumberger, E.
name: McAdams, R.
name: Chapman, I.
name: Fil, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of large scale plasma instabilities can strongly be influenced by the mutual interaction with currents flowing in conducting vessel structures. Especially eddy currents caused by time-varying magnetic perturbations and halo currents flowing directly from the plasma into the walls are important. The relevance of a resistive wall model is directly evident for Resistive Wall Modes (RWMs) or Vertical Displacement Events (VDEs). However, also the linear and non-linear properties of most other large-scale instabilities may be influenced significantly by the interaction with currents in conducting structures near the plasma. The understanding of halo currents arising during disruptions and VDEs, which are a serious concern for ITER as they may lead to strong asymmetric forces on vessel structures, could also benefit strongly from these non-linear modeling capabilities. Modeling the plasma dynamics and its interaction with wall currents requires solving the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) equations in realistic toroidal X-point geometry consistently coupled with a model for the vacuum region and the resistive conducting structures. With this in mind, the non-linear finite element MHD code JOREK has been coupled with the resistive wall code STARWALL, which allows to include the effects of eddy currents in 3D conducting structures in non-linear MHD simulations. This article summarizes the capabilities of the coupled JOREK-STARWALL system and presents benchmark results as well as first applications to non-linear simulations of RWMs, VDEs, disruptions triggered by massive gas injection, and Quiescent H-Mode. As an outlook, the perspectives for extending the model to halo currents are described.
description: Proceeding paper for Theory of Fusion Plasmas (Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop), Varenna, Italy (September 1-5, 2014); accepted for publication in: to Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Field evidence of social influence in the expression of political preferences: the case of secessionist flags in Barcelona
Creators: name: Parravano, Antonio
name: Noguera, José A.
name: Tena, Jordi
name: Hermida, Paula
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Different models of social influence have explored the dynamics of social contagion, imitation, and diffusion of different types of traits, opinions, and conducts. However, few behavioral data indicating social influence dynamics have been obtained from direct observation in `natural' social contexts. The present research provides that kind of evidence in the case of the public expression of political preferences in the city of Barcelona, where thousands of citizens supporting the secession of Catalonia from Spain have placed a Catalan flag in their balconies. We present two different studies. 1) In July 2013 we registered the number of flags in 26% of the the city. We find that there is a large dispersion in the density of flags in districts with similar density of pro-independence voters. However, we find that the density of flags tends to be fostered in those electoral district where there is a clear majority of pro-independence vote, while it is inhibited in the opposite cases. 2) During 17 days around Catalonia's 2013 National Holiday we observed the position at balcony resolution of the flags displayed in the facades of 82 blocks. We compare the clustering of flags on the facades observed each day to equivalent random distributions and find that successive hangings of flags are not independent events but that a local influence mechanism is favoring their clustering. We also find that except for the National Holiday day the density of flags tends to be fostered in those facades where there is a clear majority of pro-independence vote.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Re-examination of Large Scale Structure and Cosmic Flows
Creators: name: Davis, Marc
name: Nusser, Adi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparison of galaxy flows with those predicted from the local galaxy distribution ended as an active field after two analyses came to vastly different conclusions 25 years ago, but that was due to faulty data. All the old results are therefore suspect. With new data collected in the last several years, the problem deserves another look. For this we analyze the gravity field inferred from the enormous data set derived from the 2MASS collection of galaxies, and compare it to the velocity field derived from the well calibrated SFI++ Tully-Fisher catalog. Using the "Inverse Method" to minimize Malmquist biases, within 10,000 km/s the gravity field is seen to predict the velocity field to remarkable consistency. This is a beautiful demonstration of linear perturbation theory and is fully consistent with standard values of the cosmological variables.
description: Proceedings of IAU Symposium 308 "The Zeldovich Universe: Genesis and Growth of the Cosmic Web", 23-28 June 2014, Tallinn, Estonia
Image, Value and Belief: Assessing Money through Simondon
Creators: name: Viana, Diego
Publisher: name: International Journal of Community Currency Research (IJCCR)
Year: 2020
Subjects: money
image
group
belief
value

description: Regarding money, the theme of belief is usually formulated in terms ofbelief in money. The same is true of trust, as well the value ofmoney. One should also raise the question of trust, belief and valuethrough money, or given its presence. This suggestion is inspired bythe philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, whose theory of psychic andcollective individuation aims at overcoming the dichotomy betweenmethodological individualism and a sociology of vastcategories. Simondon's theory has three aspects that could inform theresearch on money. Firstly, the philosopher raises the question of howgroups are constituted: they subsist by the same process that givesbirth to individual personalities. A group is defined by thecategories it mobilizes, and most importantly, that it produces whileconstituting itself. Secondly, Simondon underscores the inventiveaspect of this emergence of groups, an invention analogous totechnical invention, one that redraws the potentials at work in thecollective: it can be those of the territory, of the bodies, or of theminds. This inventive character prolongs these potentials asstructures, and this is what the collective is all about. Finally,Simondon develops a theory of the "image cycle" that can help usunderstand the continuity between this indefinite and infinite fieldof potentials, the typical categorization of groups, and the formationof images and objects (technical, sacred, aesthetic), which crystalizedesires, beliefs and hopes of individuals as members of groups. Theseaspects clarify our wish to alter the way the questions regardingmoney are enounced, as well as that of the affects it mobilizes andinforms. Since money manifests itself in its operation, as image orobject, it can be considered to stem from the simondonian image cycle,giving sense to groups and mobilizing potentials, desires andbeliefs. We explore and explicit the differences implied by thisapproach, underscoring Simondon's contributions to socialthought. Money is a privileged object for the application ofSimondon's thought, because of its plasticity, the vastness of thedomains in which it operates, and the magnitude of forces itmobilizes.
Behavioral profiling of hippocampal grey matter in late childhood
Creators: name: Choi, Mingyeong
name: Steinkamp, Simon R.
name: Madsen, Kathrine Skak
name: GENON, Sarah
name: Laird, Angela R.
name: Plachti, Anna
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: INM Retreat, Jülich, Germany, 17 Oct 2023 - 18 Oct 2023
Ultrahigh-Temperature Melt Printing of Multi-Principal Element Alloys
Creators: name: Wang, Xizheng
name: Zhao, Yunhao
name: Chen, Gang
name: Zhao, Xinpeng
name: Liu, Chuan
name: Sridar, Soumya
name: Pizano, Luis Fernando Ladinos
name: Li, Shuke
name: Brozena, Alexandra H.
name: Guo, Miao
name: Zhang, Hanlei
name: Wang, Yuankang
name: Xiong, Wei
name: Hu, Liangbing
Publisher: name: Nature Portfolio
Year: 2022
Subjects: metals and alloys
design, synthesis and processing

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) demonstrate superior synergetic properties compared to single-element predominated traditional alloys. However, the rapid melting and uniform mixing of multi-elements for the fabrication of MPEA structural materials by metallic 3D printing is challenging as it is difficult to achieve both a high temperature and uniform temperature distribution in a sufficient heating source simultaneously. Herein, we report an ultrahigh-temperature melt printing method that can achieve rapid multielemental melting and uniform mixing for MPEA fabrication. In a typical fabrication process, multi-elemental metal powders are loaded into a hightemperature column zone that can be heated up to 3000 K via Joule heating, followed by melting on the order of milliseconds and mixing into homogenous alloys, which we attribute to the sufficiently uniform high-temperature heating zone. As proof-of-concept, we successfully fabricated single-phase bulk NiFeCrCo MPEA with uniform grain size. This ultrahigh-temperature rapid melt printing process provides excellent potential toward MPEA 3D printing
Baryon Asymmetries in the Natural Inflation Model
Creators: name: Li, Nan
name: Zeng, Ding-fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variation of Affleck-Dine mechanism was proposed to generate the observed baryon asymmetry in [1], in which the inflaton was assumed to be a complex scalar field with a weakly broken $U(1)$ symmetry, and the baryon asymmetry generation was easily unified with the stage of inflation and reheating. We adapt this mechanism to natural inflation scenarios and compare the results with those in chaotic inflation models. We compute the net particle number obtained at the end of inflation and transform it into net baryon number after reheatings. We observed that in natural inflation models, the desired baryon-to-photon ratio can be achieved equally well as in chaotic models.
description: Preliminary version, any comment or reference notification is welcome
Regional calibration and electromagnetic conductivity imaging for assessing the dynamics of soil salinity
Creators: name: Paz, Maria Catarina
name: Farzamian, Mohammad
name: Paz, Ana Marta
name: Castanheira, Nádia Luísa
name: Gonçalves, Maria Conceição
name: Monteiro Santos, Fernando
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Presented at EGU General Assembly 2021. Relative to abstract EGU21-16296.
description: Also funded by grants from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia: ARIMNET2/0005/2015 and PTDC/ASPSOL/28796/2017. Thank you to Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal for financing first author's attendance at EGU General Assembly 2021..
Versöhnung - die befreiende Kraft der Gnade
Creators: name: Haers, Jacques
name: Wilfred, Felix
name: Justaert, Kristien
name: De Maeseneer, Yves
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 49 Nr. 1 (2013): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 49, Heft 1
Reductions in under-5 mortality and public health improvements of the China Healthy Cities (Counties) initiative: a nationwide quasiexperimental study
Creators: name: Yue, Dahai
name: Chen, Xiao
name: Zhu, Yuhui
name: Macinko, James
name: Meng, Qingyue
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2022

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Introduction The China Healthy Cities (Counties) public health initiative has been at the forefront of China’s efforts to counteract the growing challenges in the urban environment since the 1990s. It primarily focuses on improving the urban living environment. However, the nationwide health impacts of the initiative remain unexplored. Methods We constructed nationwide county-level and city-level panel data from 1996 to 2012 using data on under-5 mortality rates (U5MR), the list of China healthy cities and counties and socioeconomic factors. We used a two-step staggered difference-in-differences approach that exploits variations in the timing of achieving the title of China Healthy City/County. Subgroup analyses by region were performed. Results We included 707 cities in the China Healthy Cities study, and 1631 counties in the China Healthy Counties study. Our results indicate substantial and significant reductions in U5MR associated with the public health initiative in China. The association varies across regions with different socioeconomic statuses. China Healthy Cities were significantly associated with a reduction of 0.7/1000 (95% CI −1.2 to −0.2) in under-5 mortality 5 years after cities gained the title and a decrease of 1.4/1000 (95% CI −2.2 to −0.6) 10 years afterward. Cities from western China saw the largest statistically significant gains with 3.2/1000 and 7.2/1000 reductions in child mortality after 5 and 10 years, respectively. China Healthy Counties were also associated with significant reductions in under-5 mortality 8 years after achieving the title; it was associated with 2.6/1000 reductions in under-5 mortality nationwide and 3.8/1000 reductions in eastern China. Our results are robust to heterogeneous treatment effects across cities/counties over time and various model specifications. Conclusion Our results suggest significant reductions in under-5 mortality associated with this public health intervention focusing on living environment conditions. Future research could explore differential effects across regions and clarify the underlying causal mechanisms.
Robust optimal stopping
Creators: name: Krätschmer, Volker
name: Ladkau, Marcel
name: Laeven, Roger J. A.
name: Schoenmakers, John G. M.
name: Stadje, Mitja
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimal stopping
subject: model uncertainty
subject: robustness
subject: convex risk measures
subject: ambiguity aversion
subject: duality
subject: BSDEs
subject: Monte Carlo simulation
subject: regression
subject: relative entropy
subject: 49L20
subject: 60G40
subject: 91B06

description: This paper studies the optimal stopping problem in the presence of model uncertainty (ambiguity). We develop a method to practically solve this problem in a general setting, allowing for general time-consistent ambiguity averse preferences and general payoff processes driven by jump-diffusions. Our method consists of three steps. First, we construct a suitable Doob martingale associated with the solution to the optimal stopping problem represented by the Snell envelope using backward stochastic calculus. Second, we employ this martingale to construct an approximated upper bound to the solution using duality. Third, we introduce backward-forward simulation to obtain a genuine upper bound to the solution, which converges to the true solution asymptotically. We analyze the asymptotic behavior and convergence properties of our method. We illustrate the generality and applicability of our method and the potentially significant impact of ambiguity to optimal stopping in a few examples.
Chimera states in pulse coupled neural networks: The influence of dilution and noise
Creators: name: Olmi, Simona
name: Torcini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nonlinear dynamics and chaos
subject: synchronization
subject: pulse-coupled oscillators
subject: neural networks
subject: chimera states
subject: 05.45-a
subject: 05.45Xt
subject: 84.35.+i

description: We analyse the possible dynamical states emerging for two symmetrically pulse coupled populations of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. In particular, we observe broken symmetry states in this set-up: namely, breathing chimeras, where one population is fully synchronized and the other is in a state of partial synchronization (PS) as well as generalized chimera states, where both populations are in PS, but with different levels of synchronization. Symmetric macroscopic states are also present, ranging from quasi-periodic motions, to collective chaos, from splay states to population anti-phase partial synchronization. We then investigate the influence disorder, random link removal or noise, on the dynamics of collective solutions in this model. As a result, we observe that broken symmetry chimeralike states, with both populations partially synchronized, persist up to 80% of broken links and up to noise amplitudes ≃ 8% of threshold-reset distance. Furthermore, the introduction of disorder on symmetric chaotic state has a constructive effect, namely to induce the emergence of chimera-like states at intermediate dilution or noise level. 1 Introduction
Vortex Zero Modes, Large Flux Limit and Ambjørn-Nielsen-Olesen Magnetic Instabilities
Creators: name: Bolognesi, Stefano
name: Chatterjee, Chandrasekhar
name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
name: Konishi, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the large flux limit vortices become flux tubes with almost constant magnetic field in the interior region. This occurs in the case of non-Abelian vortices as well, and the study of such configurations allows us to reveal a close relationship between vortex zero modes and the gyromagnetic instabilities of vector bosons in a strong background magnetic field discovered by Nielsen, Olesen and Ambjørn. The BPS vortices are exactly at the onset of this instability, and the dimension of their moduli space is precisely reproduced in this way. We present a unifying picture in which, through the study of the linear spectrum of scalars, fermions and W bosons in the magnetic field background, the expected number of translational, orientational, fermionic as well as semilocal zero modes is correctly reproduced in all cases.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
title: Zur Erinnerung an Jacques Pfister-Erb, 11. November 1890-17. Januar 1964
title: Gedenkfeier im Krematorium in St. Gallen, Montag, den 20. Januar 1964
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schibli, Hans Rudolf
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1964
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf

description: Entält: Einleitung von Pfarrer Hans Rudolf Schibli; Gebet; Lebenslauf, Abschiedswort von Emanuel Brühlmann; Abdankungsrede von Pfarrer Hans Rudolf Schibli; Ansprache von Ernst Zimmermann, Delegierter des Verwaltungsrates der Pfister-Papier AG Zürich; Gebet
All-Cause Maternal Mortality in the US Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Thoma, Marie E.
name: Declercq, Eugene R.
Publisher: name: JAMA Network
Year: 2022

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reported an 18.4% increase in US maternal mortality (ie, death during pregnancy or within 42 days of pregnancy) between 2019 and 2020. The relative increase was 44.4% among Hispanic, 25.7% among non-Hispanic Black, and 6.1% among non-Hispanic White women.1 Given a 16.8% increase in overall US mortality in 2020, largely attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic,2 we examined the pandemic’s role in 2020 maternal death rates.
e-shape pilot S2-P1 - EO-based surveillance of Mercury pollution
Creators: name: CINNIRELLA, Sergio
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mercury Pollution
Minamata Convention
Environment
e-shape
National Observatory of Athens
European Commission
H2020
Group on Earth Observation
GEO
EuroGEO
GOS4M
Health Surveillance Showcase

description: Mercury is a pollutant of global concern. Released to the atmosphere from several anthropogenic and natural sources, it deposits to oceans and terrestrial ecosystems affecting the food chain and ultimately human health. Its effects potentially impact on both human health and the environment, so it is necessary to take into consideration the pathways of exposure for people, and to implement a surveillance for the protection of human beings and of the environment.Efforts at European level have been aimed to develop a Transnational Environmental Observation System in Support of European & International Policies through the Integration of real-time monitoring data from various platforms, modelling tools and an advanced global cyber-infrastructure for data sharing and interoperability. EC has also been supporting the activity of the Expert Group on Effectiveness Evaluation of the Minamata Convention, for which the Showcase Coordinator has been nominated as European Representative.AcknowledgmentThe e-shape project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 820852.
Inverse transition in the dipolar frustrated Ising ferromagnet: the role of domain walls
Creators: name: Velasque, Luciana Araújo
name: Stariolo, Daniel A.
name: Billoni, Orlando V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study aimed to elucidate the origin of the inverse symmetry breaking transition observed in ultrathin magnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy. We study the behavior of the dipolar frustrated Ising model in a mean field approximation as well as two other models with simple domain walls. By a numerical analysis we show that the internal degrees of freedom of the domain walls are decisive for the presence of the inverse symmetry breaking transition. In particular, we show that in a sharp domain wall model the inverse transition is absent. At high temperatures the additional degrees of freedom of the extended domain walls increase the entropy of the system leading to a reduction of the free energy of the stripe phase. Upon lowering the temperature the domain walls become narrow and with the corresponding degrees of freedom effectively frozen, which eventually induces an inverse transition to the competing homogeneous phase. We also show that, for growing external field at constant temperature, the stripe width grows strongly when approaching the critical field line and diverges at the transition. These results indicate that the inverse transition is a continuous phase transition and that the domain wall profiles as well as the temperature has little effect on the critical behavior of the period of the domain as function of the applied field.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary document for FlatNet3D - Intensity And Absolute Depth from Single-shot Lensless Capture - 6043127.pdf
Creators: name: Bagadthey, Dhruvjyoti
name: Prabhu, Sanjana
name: Khan, Salman Siddique
name: Fredrick, Tony
name: Boominathan, Vivek
name: Veeraraghavan, Ashok
name: Mitra, Kaushik
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Contains the revised supplementary material with additional result on ADMM reconstructions
IL-27 Signaling Promotes Th1 Responses and Is Required to Inhibit Fungal Growth in the Lung during Repeated Exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus
Creators: name: Strickland, Ashley B.
name: Sun, Donglei
name: Sun, Peng
name: Chen, Yanli
name: Liu, Gongguan
name: Shi, Meiqing
Publisher: name: American Association of Immunologists
Year: 2022

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, including life-threatening invasive infections as well as several hypersensitivity respiratory disorders. Disease prevention is predicated on the host’s ability to clear A. fumigatus from the lung while also limiting inflammation and preventing allergic responses. IL-27 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine, but its role during A. fumigatus infection remains poorly understood. In contrast to most infection settings demonstrating that IL-27 is anti-inflammatory, in this study we report that this cytokine plays a proinflammatory role in mice repeatedly infected with A. fumigatus. We found that mice exposed to A. fumigatus had significantly enhanced secretion of IL-27 in their lungs. Genetic ablation of IL-27Rα in mice resulted in significantly higher fungal burdens in the lung during infection. The increased fungal growth in IL-27Rα−/− mice was associated with reduced secretion of IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, diminished T-bet expression, as well as a reduction in CD4+ T cells and their activation in the lung, demonstrating that IL-27 signaling promotes Th1 immune responses during repeated exposure to A. fumigatus. In addition, infected IL-27Rα−/− mice displayed reduced accumulation of dendritic cells and exudate macrophages in their lungs, and these cells had a lower expression of MHC class II. Collectively, this study suggests that IL-27 drives type 1 immunity and is indispensable for inhibiting fungal growth in the lungs of mice repeatedly exposed to A. fumigatus, highlighting a protective role for this cytokine during fungal infection.
Hadroproduction of var(phi)-mesons in the Quark-Gluon String model
Creators: name: Arakelyan, G. H.
name: Merino, C.
name: Shabelski, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the experimental data on var(phi)-meson production in hadron-nucleon collisions for a wide energy region. The Quark-Gluon String Model quantitatively describes the spectra of secondary var(phi), as well as the ratios of var(phi)/pi^- and var(phi)/K^- production cross sections.
description: 11 pages and 7 figures
Remote Chemical Sensing by SERS with Self-Assembly Plasmonic Nanoparticle Arrays on a Fiber
Creators: name: Zhang, Xin
name: Zhang, Kunyi
name: Von Bredow, Hasso
name: Metting, Christopher
name: Atanasoff, George
name: Briber, Robert M.
name: Rabin, Oded
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media
Year: 2022

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: An optical fiber was modified at the tip with a self-assembled plasmonic metamaterial that acts as a miniature surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. This optical fiber-based device co-localizes the laser probe signal and the chemical analyte at a distance remote from the spectrometer, and returns the scattered light signal to the spectrometer for analysis. Remote SERS chemical detection is possible in liquids and in dried samples. Under laboratory conditions, the analyte SERS signal can be separated from the background signal of the fiber itself and the solvent. An enhancement factor greater than 35,000 is achieved with a monolayer of the SERS marker 4-aminothiophenol.
Bending Properties of an Extensile Fluidic Artificial Muscle
Creators: name: Garbulinski, Jacek
name: Wereley, Norman M.
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2022
Subjects: materials
design
robotic artifical muscles

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Low stiffness, large stroke, and axial force capabilities make Extensile Fluidic Artificial Muscles (EFAMs) a feasible soft actuator for continuum soft robots. EFAMs can be used to construct soft actuated structures that feature large deformation and enable soft robots to access large effective workspaces. Although FAM axial properties have been well studied, their bending behavior is not well characterized in the literature. Static and dynamic bending properties of a cantilevered EFAM specimen were investigated over a pressure range of 5–100 psi. The static properties were then estimated using an Euler-Bernoulli beam model and discrete elastic rod models. The experiments provided data for the determination of bending stiffness, damping ratio, and natural frequency of the tested specimen. The bending stiffness and the damping ratio were found to change fourfold over the pressure range. Experimentally validated bending properties of the EFAM presented insights into structural and control considerations of soft robots. Future work will utilize the data and models obtained in this study to predict the behavior of an EFAM-actuated continuum robot carrying payloads.
title: The Network of Style - An analytic study of style and pottery from two causewayed enclosures
Creators: name: Torfing, Tobias Danborg
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2013

description: This article will discuss the ceramic styles of the early Middle Neolithic Djursland. It argues for a new local style in the area, called the Blakbjerg-Brokhøj style, named after two causewayed enclosures that form the basis of this article. This style draws inspiration from the Virum style, which is characterized by massive decorations of whipped cord, but also includes many new MN I elements such as vertical bands and zipper patterns. It is further argued that this style co-existed with a more general MN Ia style and that these two stylistic appearances supplemented each other in the social network of the Funnel Beaker culture (FBC). An interpretation of this double stylistic appearance will be presented.
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 15 (2013)
title: Innate and/or expressed identities: Their conceptualization through monumentality, funerary practices and grave goods? Some examples from the megalithic tradition of western France.
Creators: name: Laporte, Luc
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2010

description: The notion of identity has sometimes been implicitly likened to methodology of classification, which applies to prehistorian’s work in order to better position the subject of his research in time and space. Concerning megalithism in Western France, a model of unilinear development has now prevailed for about fifteen years, drawing a parallel between the classification of architectures and what appeared to be new suggestions concerning the periodisation of material culture. This model struggles in accounting for the entire diversity of the observed facts. Therefore, one has to accept the idea of multiplicity of identities or of multifaceted identities, sometimes coexisting within the same place. A technological approach assumes that all material implementation realized by men – beyond functional constraints and specificities – bears a part of innate identity resulting from the manner in which the operational sequences, whether simple or complex, are set up. At the same time, all these implementations materialise a conceptual standard to which expressed identity values are often attributed. Amongst the numerous conceptual standards whose entire diversity we only just start to perceive in the megalithism of Western France, a very elongated trapeze-shaped plan lined by two lateral quarries is valorised. According to a general proposal hardly new in itself, this standard is not without recalling the plan of the Danubian house .
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 2010: Megaliths and Identities
Suzaku observation of IRAS 00521-7054, a peculiar type-II AGN with a very broad feature at 6 keV
Creators: name: Ricci, Claudio
name: Tazaki, Fumie
name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Paltani, Stephane
name: Boissay, Rozenn
name: Terashima, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IRAS 00521$-$7054 is the first Seyfert 2 in which the presence of an extremely large Fe K$α$ line has been claimed. We report here on the analysis of a 100 ks Suzaku observation of the source. We confirm the existence of a very strong excess over the power-law X-ray continuum at $E\sim6$ keV ($EW\simeq 800$ eV), extending down to $\sim 4.5$ keV, and found that the X-ray spectrum of the source can be explained by two different models. i) An absorption scenario, in which the X-ray source is obscured by two fully-covering ionized absorbers, with a strong reflection component from neutral material ($R\sim 1.7$), a black body component and four narrow Gaussian lines (corresponding to Fe K$α$, Fe K$β$, Fe xxv and Fe xxvi). ii) A reflection scenario, in which the X-ray spectrum is dominated by an obscured ($\log N_{\rm\,H}\sim 22.9$) blurred reflection produced in an ionized disk around a rotating supermassive black hole with a spin of $a \geq 0.73$, and affected by light-bending ($R\sim 2.7$), plus two narrow Gaussian lines (corresponding to Fe K$α$ and Fe K$β$). The narrow Fe K$α$ and K$β$ lines are consistent with being produced by ionized iron, and in particular by Fe xiv-Fe xvi and Fe xii-Fe xvi for the absorption and reflection scenario, respectively. While the X-ray continuum varies significantly during the observation, the intensity of the broad feature appears to be constant, in agreement with both the absorption and reflection scenarios. For both scenarios we obtained a steep power-law emission ($Γ\sim 2.2-2.3$), and we speculate that the source might be an obscured narrow-line Seyfert 1.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 13 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Coding and noncoding genes involved in atrophy and compensatory muscle growth in Nile Tilapia
Creators: name: Ali, Ali
name: Shaalan, Walaa M.
name: Al-Tobasei, Rafet
name: Salem, Mohamed
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: tilapia
fasting-refeeding schedule
muscle atrophy
compensatory growth
hypertrophy

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Improvements in growth-related traits reduce fish time and production costs to reach market size. Feed deprivation and refeeding cycles have been introduced to maximize aquaculture profits through compensatory growth. However, the molecular compensatory growth signature is still uncertain in Nile tilapia. In this study, fish were subjected to two weeks of fasting followed by two weeks of refeeding. The growth curve in refed tilapia was suggestive of a partial compensatory response. Transcriptome profiling of starved and refed fish was conducted to identify genes regulating muscle atrophy and compensatory growth. Pairwise comparisons revealed 5009 and 478 differentially expressed (differential) transcripts during muscle atrophy and recovery, respectively. Muscle atrophy appears to be mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy/lysosome systems. Autophagy-related 2A, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, F-box only protein 32, miR-137, and miR-153 showed exceptional high expression suggesting them as master regulators of muscle atrophy. On the other hand, the muscle compensatory growth response appears to be mediated by the continuous stimulation of muscle hypertrophy which exceeded normal levels found in control fish. For instance, genes promoting ribosome biogenesis or enhancing the efficiency of translational machinery were upregulated in compensatory muscle growth. Additionally, myogenic microRNAs (e.g., miR-1 and miR-206), and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-27a-3p, miR-29c, and miR-29c) were reciprocally expressed to favor hypertrophy during muscle recovery. Overall, the present study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle mass in fish. The study pinpoints extensive growth-related gene networks that could be used to inform breeding programs and also serve as valuable genomic resources for future mechanistic studies.
Structured x-ray beams from twisted electrons by inverse Compton scattering of laser light
Creators: name: Seipt, D.
name: Surzhykov, A.
name: Fritzsche, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inverse Compton scattering of laser light on high-energetic twisted electrons is investigated with the aim to construct spatially structured x-ray beams. In particular, we analyze how the properties of the twisted electrons, such as the topological charge and aperture angle of the electron Bessel beam, affects the energy and angular distribution of scattered x-rays. We show that with suitably chosen initial twisted electron states one can synthesize tailor-made x-ray beam profiles with a well-defined spatial structure, in a way not possible with ordinary plane-wave electron beams.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; corrected references
Are Spine--Sheath Polarization Structures in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei Associated with Helical Magnetic Fields?
Creators: name: Gabuzda, Denise C.
name: Reichstein, Andrea
name: O'Neill, Eamonn L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One possible origin for polarization structures across jets of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) with a central "spine" of orthogonal magnetic field and a "sheath" of longitudinal magnetic field along one or both edges of the jet is the presence of a helical jet magnetic field. Simultaneous Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) polarization observations of AGN displaying partial or full spine--sheath polarization structures were obtained at 4.6, 5.0, 7.9, 8.9, 12.9 and 15.4 GHz, in order to search for additional evidence for helical jet magnetic fields, such as transverse Faraday rotation gradients (due to the systematic change in the line-of-sight magnetic-field component across the jet). Results for eight sources displaying monotonic transverse Faraday rotation gradients with significances $\geq 3σ$ are presented here. Reversals in the directions of the transverse RM gradients with distance from the core or with time are detected in three of these AGNs. These can be interpreted as evidence for a nested helical magnetic field structure, with different directions for the azimuthal field component in the inner and outer regions of helical field. The results presented here support the idea that many spine--sheath polarization structures reflect the presence of helical magnetic fields being carried by these jets.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures