Innovative Analysis Ready Data (ARD) product and process requirements, software system design, algorithms and implementation at the midstream as <i>necessary-but-not-sufficient</i> precondition of the downstream in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0 - Part 2: Software developments
Creators: name: Baraldi, Andrea
name: Sapia, Luca D.
name: Tiede, Dirk
name: Sudmanns, Martin
name: Augustin, Hannah
name: Lang, Stefan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation (EO) <i>Big Data</i> and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), this paper consists of two parts. In the previous Part 1, existing EO optical sensory image-derived Level 2/Analysis Ready Data (ARD) products and processes are critically compared, to overcome their lack of harmonization/ standardization/ <i>interoperability</i> and <i>suitability</i> in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0. In the present Part 2, original contributions comprise, at the Marr five levels of system understanding: (1) an innovative, but realistic EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD co-product pair requirements specification. First, in the pursuit of third-level <i>semantic/ontological interoperability</i>, a novel ARD symbolic (categorical and semantic) co-product, known as Scene Classification Map (SCM), adopts an augmented <i>Cloud versus Not-Cloud</i> taxonomy, whose <i>Not-Cloud</i> class legend complies with the standard fully-nested Land Cover Classification System’s Dichotomous Phase taxonomy proposed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Second, a novel ARD subsymbolic numerical co-product, specifically, a panchromatic or multi-spectral EO image whose dimensionless digital numbers are radiometrically calibrated into a physical unit of radiometric measure, ranging from top-of-atmosphere reflectance to surface reflectance and surface albedo values, in a five-stage radiometric correction sequence. (2) An original ARD process requirements specification. (3) An innovative ARD processing system design (architecture), where stepwi se SCM generation and stepwise SCM-conditional EO optical image radiometric correction are alternated in sequence. (4) An original modular hierarchical hybrid (combined deductive and inductive) computer vision subsystem design, provided with feedback loops, where software solutions at the Marr two shallowest levels of system understanding, specifically, <i>algorithm</i> and <i>implementation</i>, are selected from the scientific literature, to benefit from their technology readiness level as proof of <i>feasibility</i>, required in addition to proven <i>suitability</i>. To be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO <i>big data</i> providers, the proposed EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD product-pair and process reference standard is highlighted as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.