cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Honeycomb Lattices with Defects
Creators: name: Spencer, Meryl A.
name: Ziff, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we introduce a variant of the honeycomb lattice in which we create defects by randomly exchanging adjacent bonds, producing a random tiling with a distribution of polygon edges. We study the percolation properties on these lattices as a function of the number of exchanged bonds using a novel computational method. We find the site and bond percolation thresholds are consistent with other three-coordinated lattices with the same standard deviation in the degree distribution of the dual; here we can produce a continuum of lattices with a range of standard deviations in the distribution. These lattices should be useful for modeling other properties of random systems as well as percolation.
High Throughput Laser Junction Isolation for Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Sedao, X.
name: Sarnet, T.
name: Fares, M.
name: Schulz-Ruhtenberg, M.
name: Hernández, J.L.
name: Krantz, S.
name: Russell, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2325-2328
description: Edge isolation of crystalline silicon solar cells can be realised by laser scribing. Nanosecond lasers
are conventionally used but they are not ideal light source since these long pulses introduce in significant amount
of undesired thermal load. In this study, we explore the possibility of using ultra-short pulse laser to edge isolate
silicon solar cells. A high power picosecond laser was adopted and isolation test was carried out on standard 6-
inch multi-crystalline silicon cells. The laser ablation behaviour, the correlation between laser process conditions
and shunt resistance, as well as electrical performance of laser edge isolated cells are investigated. Linear ablation
behaviour has been observed when laser fluence is in range 0.4 - 1.1 J/cm2. Compared to nanosecond laser
isolation, shallower and cleaner isolation grooves were made using picosecond laser. Satisfactory isolation results
have been achieved. The results show that the key characteristics such as Voc, Rsh, fill factor and cell efficiency of
ultra-short pulse laser isolated cells approach those of cells isolated by standard methods. According to upscaling
estimation, process throughput higher than state-of-the-art can be realised if ultra-short pulse laser edge
isolation is implemented into cell manufacturing lines.
Analytical Constraints of Basic Eye Movement By Modelling Users' Cognition To E-Commerce Webpages
Creators: name: Isiaka, Fatima
name: Zainab, Adamu
Publisher: name: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Human Factors
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of analytics of user experience (UX) is to determine how users find andconsume web content, also how they understand the cognitive processes and everydaynuances users go through when looking for and consuming content online in additionto important architecting the ideal experience for future design decisions. This paperdiscusses the concept in human cognition and real-time business webpage used asstimuli with a list of properties on which design methods would be designed for acomposite system. The web contents are assembled to integrate user cognition based onthe users’ saccade and fixation of eye movement. A simple logistic regression model wasdeveloped as the inference engine for each data model and predictions were made on aclassified set of pupil dilation and constriction. Error test was conducted ; the fixationduration and mapped fixation on the X-coordinate of the Cartesian plane has the leasterror for both the test and training set. This indicates the reliability of using fixationindex and duration for predictions of eye movement metrics.
Prediction of topological superconductivity in 1$T$-TiTe$_2$ under pressure
Creators: name: Liu, Wenjun
name: Luo, Aiyun
name: Zhong, Guyue
name: Zou, Jinyu
name: Xu, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological superconductivity has attracted intensive interest for its ability of hosting Majorana zero mode and implementing in topological quantum computations. Based on the first-principles calculations and the analysis of the effective BdG Hamiltonian, we demonstrate that 1$T$-TiTe$_2$ is a topological metal hosting Dirac cone type of surface states near the Fermi level, and it exhibits a normal-topological-normal superconductivity phase transition as a function of the chemical potential. These results point out a new promising topological superconductor without random dopant, in which the influence of the impurity may be greatly reduced. Furthermore, our calculations also suggest that the transition metal intercalated Ti(Se$_{1-y}$Te$_y$)$_2$ is also a highly possible route to realize TSC and MZMs.
Performance and Reliability Evaluation of Integrated High-Voltage Photovoltaic AC Module
Creators: name: Liu, J.
name: Henze, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3669-3674
description: Within the European project PV-MIPS (Photovoltaic Module with Integrated Power Conversion
System), a micro-inverter integrated with a 250W high-voltage thin-film PV module adopting CIS (Copper
Indium Diselenide) technology has been successfully developed. This paper presents an overview about the
technical performances using optimal control strategy, analysis of minimized mismatch losses, and analysis of the
reliability due to critical thermal issues determining the inverter lifetime. Via employing novelty integration
technique, a high efficient and reliable prototype named MIC (Module Integrated Converter) has been
implemented and being demonstrated in the field test. This MIC could achieve maximal 97% efficiency using
technical designed power module. Besides, due to independent MPP (Maximal Power Point) tracking for each
integrated PV module, the mismatch losses could be minimized further. Furthermore, through the reliability
calculation and the thermal simulation a matched 20 years lifetime is suggested for the presented AC modules in
this paper. Moreover the over 1 year field test has been performed which validated the desired performance
especially on thermal behaviors under critical high temperature conditions.
Performances Analysis of Different DMPPT Boost Converters
Creators: name: Graditi, G.
name: Adinolfi, G.
name: Privato, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3703-3707
description: The working condition of a photovoltaic (PV) module depends on irradiance, shadow and mismatching
phenomena. A DC-DC converter is used in a PV system to permanently track the Maximum Power Point of the PV
module (DMPPT-Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking). Among the different DC-DC converter topologies
available for this aim, the most widely used is the boost converter for its low complexity, high efficiency and
reliability. In this paper, an overview of three different DC-DC boost converters - Diode Rectification boost (DR),
Synchronous Rectification boost (SR) and Interleaved boost (IL) - is carried out. The goal is to compare the
energetic, thermal and reliability performances of the converters under investigation pointing out their drawbacks and
advantages. The energetic performances of SR, DR and IL boost converters are evaluated considering a typical
summer day irradiance distribution for the South of Italy. The results demonstrate that the SR boost converter is
characterized by higher efficiency and better thermal management than the DR one; but the IL boost converter
performances seem to be the best ones. In fact this converter has the highest efficiency due to lowest switches stresses
and best thermal behavior. It also is the most reliable one thanks to its quasi redundant structure.
Holographic Superconductors with Logarithmic Nonlinear Electrodynamics in an External Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Sheykhi, A.
name: Shamsi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the matching method, we explore the effects of adding an external magnetic field on the $s$-wave holographic superconductor when the gauge field is in the form of the logarithmic nonlinear source. First, we obtain the critical temperature as well as the condensation operator in the presence of logarithmic nonlinear electrodynamics and understand that they depend on the nonlinear parameter $b$. We show that the critical temperature decreases with increasing $b$, which implies that the nonlinear gauge field makes the condensation harder. Then, we turn on the magnetic field in the bulk and find the critical magnetic field, $B_c$, in terms of the temperature, which also depends on the nonlinear parameter $b$. We observe that for temperature smaller than the critical temperature, $T
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, JHEP style
An Optical Concentrator System to Perform a Light-Soaking Indoor Test on Photovoltaic Receivers
Creators: name: Pisanu, T.
name: Damiano, A.
name: Buttu, P.
name: Musio, M.
name: Pernechele, C.
name: Gatto, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 681-685
description: In this paper the designs, realization and indoor and outdoor experimental results of a laboratory test
facility system for Concentrator Photovoltaic Receivers (CPR) characterization are reported. In particular, the proposed
system has been developed in order to perform tests on CPRs characterized by high geometrical concentration factor
(Cgeo). The test facility system is devoted to verify and qualify the behavior of CPR from different points of view. The
system design has been developed paying particular attention to the test bench used for the evaluation of I-V
characteristics of concentrator solar cells under high geometrical concentration factors. The preliminary study activity has
been focused on the irradiance level, light source spectral composition, exposition time and operation temperature
dependences of CPR characterization process. The main purpose of this research is to propose in the next future novel
tests to qualify the CPR system for a long-time operation (Light-Soaking and/or Hot-spot endurance tests). To execute
measurements in a wide range of concentration, an opto-mechanical system for continuous light solar simulator coupling
has been designed. The realized prototype produces a maximal geometrical concentration factor equal or less than 900x
for testing Solar cells of an active area of 1 cm².
Analysis of Non-Conventional Front Contact Patterns Impact on Concentrator Solar Cells Performances Through a 2.5-D Distributed Electrical Model
Creators: name: Pasquini, M.
name: Vincenzi, D.
name: Baricordi, S.
name: Gualdi, F.
name: Guidi, V.
name: Malagú, C.
name: Parretta, A.
name: Pozzetti, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 686-689
description: A 2.5-D distributed circuit model for concentrator silicon solar cells has been developed in order to assess cell
performance in the presence of particular top contact grid pattern geometries. Three kinds of front contact patterns have been
considered: a conventional comb-like pattern, a square-like pattern and a fractal (auto-similar) one. Typical electrical parameters
have been chosen for bulk resistivity, emitter resistivity, metal-semiconductor contact resistivity and metal resistivity. In this way an
accurate assessment of ohmic losses can be carried out. Simulations have been performed by means of ORCAD PSPICE software. A
100 μm-wide, 5 μm-thick contact frame has been applied to the cell perimeter and the current was supposed to be extracted by four
points, in correspondence of the mid points of the four sides of the cell. The simulations have been carried out under the assumption
of a uniform irradiance distribution incident onto the cell surface (an arbitrary irradiance distribution however can be simulated) with
a concentration factor of 50. For each of the three structures geometrical parameters such as finger width, finger spacing, total
coverage and number of autosimilarity levels have been varied in order to achieve the optimal performance in terms of power
delivered by the cell, for three different values of cell dimensions, 1 cm × 1 cm, 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm and 2 cm × 2 cm. Simulations
results show that fractal contact grid pattern provides the best performance in all three cases and the power difference increases with
increasing cell dimensions; for a 2 cm × 2 cm cell, difference between fractal and square patterns reaches 13%.
Surface Modification of LPCVD ZnO-Films for Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Lükermann, F.
name: Mönkemöller, V.
name: Kurz, H.
name: Sacher, M.
name: Hamelmann, F.
name: Stiebig, H.
name: Heinzmann, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2299-2303
description: The influence of the surface morphology of the front contact layer on the properties of amorphous
silicon based solar cells is presented. Based on a textured LPCVD substrate, which consists of pyramidal grains
emerging out of the surface plane, the surface topology is modified by plasma etching. By varying the gas
composition in the plasma at a fixed total flow, we were able to create surface morphologies whose features show
deviations from the pyramidal shape, without significantly changing the surface roughness. For the plasma etched
samples JSC decreases in comparison to the as-deposited ZnO. The decrease in current is not exclusively caused by a
degraded red response but also due to a lowered quantum efficiency in the whole visible spectral range. This is
attributed to a degraded light incoupling at the ZnO/ a-Si interface due to the altered pyramidal shape. It could be
shown experimentally that the shape of the surface morphology is important for light incoupling as well as light
trapping.
Spin slush in an extended spin ice model
Creators: name: Rau, Jeffrey G.
name: Gingras, Michel J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new classical spin liquid on the pyrochlore lattice by extending spin ice with further neighbour interactions. We find that this disorder free spin model exhibits a form of dynamical heterogeneity with extremely slow relaxation for some spins while others fluctuate quickly down to zero temperature. We thus call this state "spin slush", in analogy to the heterogeneous mixture of solid and liquid water. This behaviour is driven by the structure of the ground state manifold which extends the celebrated the two-in/two-out ice states to include branching structures built from three-in/one-out, three-out/one-in and all-in/all-out tetrahedra defects. Distinctive liquid-like patterns in the spin correlations serve as a signature of this intermediate range order. Possible applications to materials as well the effects of quantum tunneling are discussed.
description: 8 pages + 7 pages
Preparation of Microcrystalline Silicon for Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Fujinaga, T.
name: Asari, S.
name: Saito, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2317-2319
description: Over the years, ULVAC kept developing and studying plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
(PECVD) technology time by time. And our system changed from small load-lock type equipment to horizontal inline
type equipment and then to vertical type in-line PECVD for mass production scale in the ’90. Recent solar
market growing changed the equipment business dramatically, and it created a new business model called “turnkey”.
Today the market demands more high output power modules and lower manufacturing costs for thin-film silicon
solar cells. Therefore we developed microcrystalline silicon depositing technology for amorphous silicon (a-Si) and
microcrystalline silicon (uc-Si) double junction thin film solar cells in production level. We introduced more than
100W output power by 1.54m2 a-Si single junction thin film solar cells. And this new technology will increase 30%
or more of output power with a reasonable cost.
A Comprehensive Taxonomy for Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Survey of Surveys on Methods and Concepts
Creators: name: Schwalbe, Gesina
name: Finzel, Bettina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.0; I.2.6; I.2.m

description: In the meantime, a wide variety of terminologies, motivations, approaches, and evaluation criteria have been developed within the research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). With the amount of XAI methods vastly growing, a taxonomy of methods is needed by researchers as well as practitioners: To grasp the breadth of the topic, compare methods, and to select the right XAI method based on traits required by a specific use-case context. Many taxonomies for XAI methods of varying level of detail and depth can be found in the literature. While they often have a different focus, they also exhibit many points of overlap. This paper unifies these efforts and provides a complete taxonomy of XAI methods with respect to notions present in the current state of research. In a structured literature analysis and meta-study, we identified and reviewed more than 50 of the most cited and current surveys on XAI methods, metrics, and method traits. After summarizing them in a survey of surveys, we merge terminologies and concepts of the articles into a unified structured taxonomy. Single concepts therein are illustrated by more than 50 diverse selected example methods in total, which we categorize accordingly. The taxonomy may serve both beginners, researchers, and practitioners as a reference and wide-ranging overview of XAI method traits and aspects. Hence, it provides foundations for targeted, use-case-oriented, and context-sensitive future research.
description: 71 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables; published as part of Special Issue on Explainable and Interpretable Machine Learning and Data Mining, in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Journal
Surveying Turkish high school and university student attitudes and approaches to physics problem solving
Creators: name: Balta, Nuri
name: Mason, Andrew
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Student attitudes and approaches to problem solving can impact how well they learn physics. Prior research in the US using a validated Attitude and Approaches to Problem Solving (AAPS) survey suggests that there are major differences between students in introductory physics and astronomy courses and physics experts in terms of their attitudes and approaches to physics problem solving. Here we discuss the validation, administration and analysis of data for the Turkish version of the AAPS survey for high school and university students in Turkey. After the validation and administration of the Turkish version of the survey, the analysis of the data was conducted by grouping the data by grade level, school type, and gender. While there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of various groups on the survey, overall, the university students in Turkey were more expert-like than vocational high school students. On an item by item basis, there are statistically differences between the averages of the groups on many items. For example, on average, the university students demonstrated less expert-like attitudes about the role of equations and formulas in problem solving, in solving difficult problems, and in knowing when the solution is not correct, whereas they displayed more expert-like attitudes and approaches on items related to meta-cognition in physics problem solving. A principal component analysis on the data yields item clusters into which the student responses on various survey items can be grouped. A comparison of the responses of the Turkish and American university students enrolled in algebra-based introductory physics courses shows that on more than half of the items, the responses of these two groups were statistically significantly different with the US students on average responding to the items in more expert-like manner.
description: 16 pages, Keywords: Physics Education Research, Attitudes and approaches to problem solving, Turkish students, American students, factor analysis, principal component analysis
Trending Tracks for Eye Movement Behaviour on Webpages Using Mobile Application
Creators: name: Isiaka, Fatima
name: Sophia, Al Sharji
Publisher: name: Journal of Computer Science and Applications
Year: 2024

description: In most usability and user experience tests, eye movement is one of the majorcomponents of user perception study. The user eye tracking makes it easierand possible to record the eye movement positions by analysing in both Mobile2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional virtual environments. The process isto gather insight into the user’s mind and mind processes by revealing morethan one can imagine. The mobile eye movement can help understand howusers feel, think, and act about certain objects and subjects in the visualfield. Most research used quantitative data from mobile-based eye trackingon image and video content to help complement studies through questionnairesand surveys; traditional eye movement studies have been known tocapture remote and mobile eye trackers through confined lab studies andsome of these analysis has proved tedious. This paper seeks to investigatethe trends in mobile eye movement studies, by generating users’ datathrough interaction with webpage dynamic contents. The data generatedunderwent a post-analysis by simulating the effect and eye movement one-learning webpages, the patterns observed are seen to be synchronous inbehaviour with both original and simulated fixation patterns on the webpagesthey visited; this also shows the authenticity of using simulated eyemovement behaviour for decision making.
Low energy anomalies in electron tunneling through strongly asymmetric Majorana nanowire
Creators: name: Shkop, A. D.
name: Parafilo, A. V.
name: Krive, I. V.
name: Shekhter, R. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron transport through Majorana nanowire with strongly asymmetric couplings to normal metal leads is considered. In three terminal geometry (electrically grounded nanowire) it is shown that the presence of unbiased electrode restores zero-bias anomaly even for strong Majorana energy splitting. For effectively two-terminal geometry we show that electrical current through asymmetric Majorana junction is qualitatively different from the analogous current through a resonant (Breit-Wigner) level.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Dynamical analysis of the cluster pair: A3407 + A3408
Creators: name: Nascimento, R. S.
name: Ribeiro, A. L. B.
name: Trevisan, M.
name: Carrasco, E. R.
name: Plana, H.
name: Dupke, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carried out a dynamical study of the galaxy cluster pair A3407 \& A3408 based on a spectroscopic survey obtained with the 4 meter Blanco telescope at the CTIO, plus 6dF data, and ROSAT All-Sky-Survey. The sample consists of 122 member galaxies brighter than $m_R=20$. Our main goal is to probe the galaxy dynamics in this field and verify if the sample constitutes a single galaxy system or corresponds to an ongoing merging process. Statistical tests were applied to clusters members showing that both the composite system A3407 + A3408 as well as each individual cluster have Gaussian velocity distribution. A velocity gradient of $\sim 847\pm 114$ $\rm km\;s^{-1}$ was identified around the principal axis of the projected distribution of galaxies, indicating that the global field may be rotating. Applying the KMM algorithm to the distribution of galaxies we found that the solution with two clusters is better than the single unit solution at the 99\% c.l. This is consistent with the X-ray distribution around this field, which shows no common X-ray halo involving A3407 and A3408. We also estimated virial masses and applied a two-body model to probe the dynamics of the pair. The more likely scenario is that in which the pair is gravitationally bound and probably experiences a collapse phase, with the cluster cores crossing in less than $\sim$1 $h^{-1}$ Gyr, a pre-merger scenario. The complex X-ray morphology, the gas temperature, and some signs of galaxy evolution in A3408 suggests a post-merger scenario, with cores having crossed each other $\sim 1.65 h^{-1}$Gyr ago, as an alternative solution.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS, accepted 2016 May 9. Received 2016 May 9; in original form 2016 April 11
Play. Pause. Rewind. Measuring local entropy production and extractable work in active matter
Creators: name: Ro, Sunghan
name: Guo, Buming
name: Shih, Aaron
name: Phan, Trung V.
name: Austin, Robert H.
name: Levine, Dov
name: Chaikin, Paul M.
name: Martiniani, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-reversal symmetry breaking and entropy production are universal features of nonequilibrium phenomena. Despite its importance in the physics of active and living systems, the entropy production of systems with many degrees of freedom has remained of little practical significance because the high-dimensionality of their state space makes it difficult to measure. Here we introduce a local measure of entropy production and a numerical protocol to estimate it. We establish a connection between the entropy production and extractability of work in a given region of the system and show how this quantity depends crucially on the degrees of freedom being tracked. We validate our approach in theory, simulation, and experiments by considering systems of active Brownian particles undergoing motility induced phase separation, as well as active Brownian particles and E. Coli in a rectifying device in which the time-reversal asymmetry of the particle dynamics couples to spatial asymmetry to reveal its effects on a macroscopic scale.
description: Main text: 6 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental: 14 pages, 9 figures
A new neutrino source for the study of the solar neutrino physics in the vacuum-matter transition region
Creators: name: Shin, Jae Won
name: Cheoun, Myung-Ki
name: Kajino, Toshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Production of a neutrino source through proton induced reaction is studied by using the particle transport code, GEANT4. Unstable isotope such as $^{27}$Si can be produced when $^{27}$Al target is bombarded by 15 MeV energetic proton beams. Through the beta decay process of the unstable isotope, a new electron-neutrino source in the 1.0 $\sim$ 5.0 MeV energy range is obtained. Proton induced reactions are simulated with JENDL High Energy File 2007 (JENDL/HE-2007) data and other nuclear data. For radioactive decay processes, we use "G4RadioactiveDecay" model based on the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). We suggest target systems required for future's solar neutrino experiments, in particular, for the vacuum-matter transition region. As for the detection system of the new neutrino source, we evaluate reaction rates for available radiochemical detectors and LENA type scintillator detector. Possibility of detecting sterile neutrinos is also discussed.
The Optimised Model of a Fluxmeter for Point-Focus PV Solar Concentrators
Creators: name: Parretta, A.
name: Baroni, N.
name: Fucci, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 652-657
description: The optimised model of a fluxmeter for measurements on point-focus PV solar concentrators with
small focusing area (1cm2 or less) is described. It was realized by joining two integrating cavities optically coupled
by an intermediate channel. The input radiation is collected by the first sphere, integrated and driven to the second
sphere where it is coupled to a thermo-regulated silicon photodetector. The attenuation of input radiation is controlled
by intercepting the light into the channel by an insert provided with a selected aperture area. The current response of
photodetector, when measured at constant input power and variable angular divergence of input beam from 0° to 90°,
shows a maximum variation of 0.5%. A ray-tracing study, carried out on the CAD model of fluxmeter, has shown a
high uniformity of irradiation and a uniform angular distribution of flux at the output aperture. The effect of spectral
reflectance of spheres wall on the spectrum of output radiation was deduced from the average number of light
reflections inside the spheres, calculated by simulations with an optical code. It was found that only coatings with
~99% reflectivity do not sensibly modify the input spectrum.
Declining rotation curves of galaxies as a test of gravitational theory
Creators: name: Haghi, Hosein
name: Bazkiaei, Amir E.
name: Zonoozi, Akram Hasani
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike Newtonian dynamics which is linear and obeys the strong equivalence principle, in any nonlinear gravitation such as Milgromian dynamics (MOND), the strong version of the equivalence principle is violated and the gravitational dynamics of a system is influenced by the external gravitational field in which it is embedded. This so called External Field Effect (EFE) is one of the important implications of MOND and provides a special context to test Milgromian dynamics. Here, we study the rotation curves (RCs) of 18 spiral galaxies and find that their shapes constrain the EFE. We show that the EFE can successfully remedy the overestimation of rotation velocities in 80\% of the sample galaxies in Milgromian dynamics fits by decreasing the velocity in the outer part of the RCs. We compare the implied external field with the gravitational field for non-negligible nearby sources of each individual galaxy and find that in many cases it is compatible with the EFE within the uncertainties. We therefore argue that in the framework of Milgromian dynamics, one can constrain the gravitational field induced from the environment of galaxies using their RCs. We finally show that taking into account the EFE yields more realistic values for the stellar mass-to-light ratio in terms of stellar population synthesis than the ones implied without the EFE.
description: 18 pages, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Early Detection of Rogue Waves by the Wavelet Transforms
Creators: name: Bayindir, Cihan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possible advantages of using the wavelet transform over the Fourier transform for the early detection of rogue waves. We show that the triangular wavelet spectra of the rogue waves can be detected at early stages of the development of rogue waves in a chaotic wave field. Compared to the Fourier spectra, the wavelet spectra is capable of detecting not only the emergence of a rogue wave but also its possible spatial (or temporal) location. Due to this fact, wavelet transform is also capable of predicting the characteristic distances between successive rogue waves. Therefore multiple simultaneous breaking of the successive rogue waves on ships or on the offshore structures can be predicted and avoided by smart designs and operations.
A likelihood based sensitivity analysis for publication bias on summary ROC in meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Creators: name: Zhou, Yi
name: Huang, Ao
name: Hattori, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) is a recommended method to summarize the discriminant capacity of a diagnostic test in the presence of study-specific cutoff values and the area under the SROC (SAUC) gives the aggregate measure of test accuracy. SROC or SAUC can be estimated by bivariate modelling of pairs of sensitivity and specificity over the primary diagnostic studies. However, publication bias is a major threat to the validity of estimates in meta-analysis. To address this issue, we propose to adopt sensitivity analysis to make an objective inference for the impact of publication bias on SROC or SAUC. We extend Copas likelihood based sensitivity analysis to the bivariate normal model used for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy to evaluate how much SROC or SAUC would change with different selection probabilities under several selective publication mechanisms dependent on sensitivity and/or specificity. The selection probability is modelled by a selection function on $t$-type statistic for the linear combination of logit-transformed sensitivity and specificity, allowing the selective publication of each study to be influenced by the cutoff-dependent $p$-value for sensitivity, specificity, or diagnostic odds ratio. By embedding the selection function into the bivariate normal model, the conditional likelihood is proposed and the bias-corrected SROC or SAUC can be estimated by maximizing the likelihood. We illustrate the proposed sensitivity analysis by reanalyzing a meta-analysis of test accuracy for intravascular device related infection. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate the performance of proposed methods.
description: 32 pages, 4 figure, 5 tables in main text, 5 tables in supplementary file
A deterministic alternative to the full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo method
Creators: name: Tubman, Norm M.
name: Lee, Joonho
name: Takeshita, Tyler Y.
name: Head-Gordon, Martin
name: Whaley, K. Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Development of exponentially scaling methods has seen great progress in tackling larger systems than previously thought possible. One such technique, full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo, is a useful algorithm that allows exact diagonalization through stochastically sampling determinants. The method derives its utility from the information in the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian, along with a stochastic projected wave function, to find the important parts of Hilbert space. However, the stochastic representation of the wave function is not required to search Hilbert space efficiently, and here we describe a highly efficient deterministic method to achieve chemical accuracy for a wide range of systems, including the difficult Cr$_{2}$ dimer. In addition our method also allows efficient calculation of excited state energies, for which we illustrate with benchmark results for the excited states of C$_{2}$.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Fitting the Sub-Bandgap Reflectance of Textured Si Wafers
Creators: name: Abenante, L.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2297-2298
description: It is presented an approach to fit the measured total external reflectance, RMEAS(), where  is the
wavelength, of Si wafers with textured surfaces, which takes into account possible destructive interference
among the waves reflected at the front surface. An experimental check is performed. For actual Si wafers with
textured surfaces, at sub-bandgap wavelengths, while measured transmittance is fitted at external front-surface
reflectance, RF,E, higher than zero, RMEAS() is fitted at RF,E = 0.
A polarizing situation: Taking an in-plane perspective for next-generation near-field studies
Creators: name: Schuck, P. James
name: Bao, Wei
name: Borys, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This mini-review provides a perspective on recent progress and emerging directions aimed at utilizing and controlling in-plane optical polarization, highlighting key application spaces where in-plane near-field tip responses have enabled recent advancements in the understanding and development of new nanostructured materials and devices.
Analysis and Comparison between CPV Indoor/Outdoor Characterisation Results
Creators: name: Trujillo, P.
name: Ferrer Rodríguez, J.P.
name: Martínez, M.
name: Perea Peinador, J.
name: Aranda Muñoz, R.
name: Rubio Berenguel, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 664-669
description: The comparison of outdoor and indoor measurements has always been challenging in PV. In
CPV is still more critical because more factors, like meteorological, optical properties, misalignments…,
affect to the modules behavior. There is still no standard procedure to perform the power rating of a CPV module,
the IEC committee is now working in the creation of a draft of this standard (IEC 62670). In this way, very hard
efforts in research are being done to minimize uncertainties and test times to determine the suitable rating
procedure to use that represent or capture the actual performance of the different CPV technologies.
The main objective of this work is to test the different proposals of procedures for outdoor and indoor
measurements, based in the IEC-62670 standard draft. The results are analyzed in order to validate the
procedures, looking for the minimal uncertainty in the determination of the power. The main result is that there
are characterization procedures that are delivering good results when the technology is well known and the
ambient conditions limited during the measurements, if not some non linearity effects could appear in the
performance of some CPV modules.
The sulfur depletion problem: upper limits on the H2S2, HS2, and S2 gas-phase abundances toward the low-mass warm core IRAS16293-2422
Creators: name: Martín-Doménech, R.
name: Jiménez-Serra, I.
name: Caro, G. M. Muñoz
name: Müller, H. S. P.
name: Occhiogrosso, A.
name: Testi, L.
name: Woods, P. M.
name: Viti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fraction of the missing sulfur in dense clouds and circumstellar regions could be in the form of three species not yet de- tected in the interstellar medium: H2S2, HS2, and S2 according to experimental simulations performed under astrophysically relevant conditions. These S-S bonded molecules can be formed by the energetic processing of H2S-bearing ice mantles on dust grains, and subsequently desorb to the gas phase. The detection of these species could partially solve the sulfur depletion problem, and would help to improve our knowledge of the poorly known chemistry of sulfur in the interstellar medium. To this purpose we performed dedicated ground-based observations toward the low-mass warm core IRAS16293-2422. Observations in the submillimeter regime were obtained with the APEX 12 m telescope during 15 hours of observation, targeting a wide selection of the predicted rotational transitions of the three molecules. The 1σ noise rms values were extracted in the spectral regions where the targeted species should have been detected. These values were a factor of 2-7 lower than those reached by previous observations toward the same source, and allowed us to estimate a 1σ upper limit to their molecular abundances of 8.1E-9 , 1.1E-8 , and 2.9E-7 relative to H2, for H2S2, HS2, and S2, respectively. The upper limit abundances of the three molecules containing the S2 unit are up to two orders of magnitude lower than the H2S abundance in the source, and one order of magnitude lower than the expected abundances from the experimental simulations using ice analogs. Subsequent gas-phase chemistry after desorption could lower the abundances of the three species to undetectable levels in our observations.
Temperature Effect on PV Performance Experimental Results from a 2.18 kWp Thin Film PV System
Creators: name: Tsoutsos, T.
name: Savvakis, N.
name: Kanakis, I.
name: Papadakis, G.
name: Kyriakarakos, G.
name: Schwartz, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3635-3639
description: The performance of PV modules is usually specified under standard test conditions (STC); however the
performance of the modules under real field conditions differs from the expectations derived from the results under
STC due to variety of continuously changing conditions. Therefore it is important to monitor the behavior of PV
modules under real field conditions, so automated computer-controlled monitoring systems are used to measure the
solar irradiance, module temperature and other meteorological parameters.
Additionally it is very important for the market development of PV systems to get accurate data for their operation
under high-temperature conditions. The output will provide safe estimations about improvements to be taken in order
to create large scale installations in the Mediterranean countries in Northern Africa and Middle East. The aim of this
paper is to present a general overview of the performance analysis of the 2.18 kWp PV system during their first phase of operation.
Kerr black holes with Proca hair
Creators: name: Herdeiro, Carlos
name: Radu, Eugen
name: Runarsson, Helgi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bekenstein proved that in Einstein's gravity minimally coupled to one (or many) real, Abelian, Proca field, stationary black holes (BHs) cannot have Proca hair. Dropping Bekenstein's assumption that matter inherits spacetime symmetries, we show this model admits asymptotically flat, stationary, axi-symmetric, regular on and outside an event horizon BHs with Proca hair, for an even number of real (or an arbitrary number of complex) Proca fields. To establish it, we start by showing that a test, complex Proca field can form bound states, with real frequency, around Kerr BHs: stationary Proca clouds. These states exist at the threshold of superradiance. It was conjectured in arXiv:1403.2757, that the existence of such clouds at the linear level implies the existence of a new family of BH solutions at the non-linear level. We confirm this expectation and explicitly construct examples of such Kerr black holes with Proca hair (KBHsPH). For a single complex Proca field, these BHs form a countable number of families with three continuous parameters (ADM mass, ADM angular momentum and Noether charge). They branch off from the Kerr solutions that can support stationary Proca clouds and reduce to Proca stars when the horizon size vanishes. We present the domain of existence of one family of KBHsPH, as well as its phase space in terms of ADM quantities. Some physical properties of the solutions are discussed; in particular, and in contrast with Kerr BHs with scalar hair, some spacetime regions can be counter-rotating with respect to the horizon. We further establish a no-Proca-hair theorem for static, spherically symmetric BHs but allowing the complex Proca field to have a harmonic time dependence, which shows BHs with Proca hair in this model require rotation and have no static limit. KBHsPH are also disconnected from Kerr-Newman BHs with a real, massless vector field.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures, Data files can be found at this URL http://gravitation.web.ua.pt/index.php?q=node/515
X-ray timing analysis of the quasar PG 1211+143
Creators: name: Lobban, Andrew
name: Vaughan, Simon
name: Pounds, Ken
name: Reeves, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a timing analysis of a new ~630ks XMM-Newton observation of the quasar, PG 1211+143. We find a well-defined X-ray power spectrum with a well-detected bend at ~7e-5 Hz, consistent with the established bend-timescale--black-hole-mass correlation for luminous, accreting black holes. We find the linear rms-flux relation commonly observed in accreting black hole systems and investigate the energy-dependence of the rms. The fractional rms is roughly constant with energy on short timescales (< 1 day; within observations) whereas there is enhanced soft band variability on long timescales (between observations typically spaced by a few days). Additionally, we also report on the optical--UV variability using the OM on-board XMM-Newton and a ~2-month-long overlapping monitoring programme with Swift. We find that, although there is little UV variability within observations (<1 day), UV variations of a few per cent exist on time-scales of ~days--weeks.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (14 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables)
A Data-driven Optimization of First-order Regular Perturbation Coefficients for Fiber Nonlinearities
Creators: name: Barreiro, Astrid
name: Liga, Gabriele
name: Alvarado, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We study the performance of gradient-descent optimization to estimate the coefficients of the discrete-time first-order regular perturbation (FRP). With respect to numerically computed coefficients, the optimized coefficients yield a model that (i) extends the FRP range of validity, and (ii) reduces the model's complexity.