cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Biased measures for random Constraint Satisfaction Problems: larger interaction range and asymptotic expansion
Creators: name: Budzynski, Louise
name: Semerjian, Guilhem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the clustering transition undergone by an exemplary random constraint satisfaction problem, the bicoloring of $k$-uniform random hypergraphs, when its solutions are weighted non-uniformly, with a soft interaction between variables belonging to distinct hyperedges. We show that the threshold $α_{\rm d}(k)$ for the transition can be further increased with respect to a restricted interaction within the hyperedges, and perform an asymptotic expansion of $α_{\rm d}(k)$ in the large $k$ limit. We find that $α_{\rm d}(k) = \frac{2^{k-1}}{k}(\ln k + \ln \ln k + γ_{\rm d} + o(1))$, where the constant $γ_{\rm d}$ is strictly larger than for the uniform measure over solutions.
description: 33 pages, 11 figures, minor corrections
Chemical modelling of dust-gas chemistry within AGB outflows -- II. Effect of the dust-grain size distribution
Creators: name: Van de Sande, M.
name: Walsh, C.
name: Danilovich, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AGB stars are, together with supernovae, the main contributors of stellar dust to the interstellar medium (ISM). Dust grains formed by AGB stars are thought to be large. However, as dust nucleation and growth within their outflows are still not understood, the dust-grain size distribution (GSD) is unknown. This is an important uncertainty regarding our knowledge of the chemical and physical history of interstellar dust, as AGB dust forms $\sim$ 70% of the starting point of its evolution. We expand on our chemical kinetics model, which uniquely includes a comprehensive dust-gas chemistry. The GSD is now allowed to deviate from the commonly assumed canonical Mathis et al. (1977) distribution. We find that the specific GSD can significantly influence the dust-gas chemistry within the outflow. Our results show that the level of depletion of gas-phase species depends on the average grain surface area of the GSD. Gas-phase abundance profiles and their possible depletions can be retrieved from observations of molecular emission lines when using a range of transitions. Due to degeneracies within the prescription of GSD, specific parameters cannot be retrieved, only (a lower limit to) the average grain surface area. Nonetheless, this can discriminate between dust composed of predominantly large or small grains. We show that when combined with other observables such as the spectral energy distribution and polarised light, depletion levels from molecular gas-phase abundance profiles can constrain the elusive GSD of the dust delivered to the ISM by AGB outflows.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Lung Function in Children of Different Origins
Creators: name: Nidhal T. S, Gharbawi
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background:Differences in lung function between people of varying ethnic origins are recognised, but the underlying physiological reasons have not been widely explored.Aims:The overall aim was to explore the physiological basis of differences in spirometry between white and South Asian children.Methods:We measured spirometry and maximum inspiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) in 307 children aged five to eleven years in primary schools. Spirometry included FEV1 and FVC. A subgroup of 37 children attended the laboratory for plethysmography and attempted measurements of distensibility of the respiratory system, made by measuring pressure and volume after brief interruptions of tidal breathing. Lung volumes were available from an additional 122 healthy children aged 7 to 16 years. Lung volume measurements were expressed as Z-scores based on predicted values for white children.Results:The mean(SD) FEV1 Z-scores for white and South Asian children were 0.17(1.01)and-0.55(0.97) respectively(p<0.001). Corresponding FVC Z-scores were 0.36(1.02) and-0.67(0.94), (p<0.001). We did not find significant ethnic differences in MIP or MEP. Adjusted mean(SD) MIP(kPa) was 7.51(1.99) for white and 7.02(1.91) for South Asians (p=0.14). Equivalent values for MEP(kPa) were 6.29(1.58) and 6.46(1.53), (p=0.48). Mean(SD) Z-scores for Total Lung Capacity were larger in white than south Asian children:(0.29(0.09) and -0.59(0.82) respectively, p<0.001). Mean(SD) Z-scores for Residual Volume were also larger in white children: (0.04(0.76) and -0.28(0.89) respectively, p=0.039). The measurements of distensibility yielded potentially useful data in 16/37 (43%) of children.Conclusions:Absolute lung volumes were lower in south Asian than white children. We did not find significant differences in respiratory muscle strength between two ethnic groups that would account for differences in spirometry. The distensibility of the respiratory system can be measured in almost half of children. Further work may show whether ethnic differences in distensibility exist, which could explain differences in spirometry.
Reversing an Imperative Concurrent Programming Language
Creators: name: Hoey, James B.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: We introduce an approach to performing reversible executions of programs written in an imperative concurrent programming language. Our language contains assignments, conditional and loop statements, blocks, local variables, potentially recursive procedures and an interleaving concurrent composition operator par. The traditional execution of programs is defined using Structured Operational Semantics. Given an original, irreversible program we automatically generate two modified versions. The first, named the annotated version, performs forward execution and saves any lost information necessary for reversal. We address challenges of reversing a concurrent execution by using identifiers to capture a specific execution order. All information required for reversal is saved via the operational semantics. We define two further semantics. The first defines annotated execution, performing the expected forward execution and saving all reversal information. The second set defines the behaviour of the inverted version of a program. This forward-executing program simulates reversal, using identifiers to determine the (inverted) execution order, and other reversal information to undo each respective forward step. We produce several results. We show that saving information during a forward execution does not change the behaviour of the underlying program, and that executing an inverted version correctly restores the state to as it was prior to the corresponding forward execution. All reversal information is used during an inverse execution meaning our approach is garbage-free. A simulator, named Ripple, implementing our approach is introduced, based on our three semantics. This shows our approach works, and allows both testing and evaluation of the performance, specifically execution time and memory overheads. Our experimental results show that time and memory overheads increase linearly with respect to the size of the data or program. We explore the use of Ripple within reverse debugging, and identify future work, including optimizations and relaxing the inverted order of independent concurrent statements.
Stakeholder Preferences for Water Management Alternatives in the Red River Basin
Creators: name: Torpen, David R.
name: Hearne, Robert R.
name: Torpen, David R.
name: Hearne, Robert R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: choice experiments
subject: stakeholder analysis
subject: Red River of the North
subject: stated preferences
subject: water resources management

description: Effective and efficient water management implies understanding the wants and desires of the human populations through its key stakeholder groups. As a valuable resource that involves many regulating and managing players, the Red River of the North basin is an excellent case for studying stakeholder preferences and presenting them to involved managers. The primary goal of this research was to analyze stakeholder preferences for hypothetical Red River basin fresh water management alternatives. Specific objectives included comparing preferences across key stakeholder groups and estimating residents’ willingness to pay for additional water management programs. Initial experts’ and focus group meetings were used to select appropriate attributes and levels to be used within a stated choice experiments analysis. The final list of attributes included: additional recreation opportunities, water supply augmentation projects, water quality initiatives, and the type of institution that would be trusted. An additional levy upon annual property taxes, ranging from $20 to $240, was used as the price of these additional programs. Mail surveys were sent to three main stakeholder groups: informed stakeholders, who had attended the Red River Basin Commission water management conference; decision-makers, including county commissioners and mayors in basin constituencies; and random residents. An overall response rate of 34% was achieved. One interesting result was the general homogeneity of opinions across stakeholder groups. A log likelihood test failed to reject the hypothesis that stakeholders’ preferences were the same across groups. Results from the pooled nested logit model show younger respondents, males, non-farmers and those categorized as pro resource conservation in favor of additional water management projects. Initiatives that were favored by respondents included: phosphorous and nitrogen reduction and enhanced fishery management. Because the population of random residents did not demonstrate a preference for any additional water management option as opposed to the status quo, willingness to pay was not estimated.
Dimensionless physics
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss two scenarios of emergent gravity. In one of them the quantum vacuum is considered as superplastic crystal, and the effective gravity describes the dynamical elastic deformations of this crystal. In the other one the gravitational tetrads emerge as the bilinear form of the fermionic fields. In spite of the essentially different mechanisms of emergent gravity, these two scenarios have one important common property: the metric field has dimension of the inverse square of length $[g_{μν}]=1/[l]^2$, as distinct from the conventional dimensionless metric, $[g_{μν}]=1$, in general relativity. As a result the physical quantities, which obey diffeomorphism invariance, become dimensionless. This takes place for such quantities as Newton constant, the scalar curvature, the cosmological constant, particle masses, fermionic and scalar bosonic fields, etc. This may suggest that the dimensionless physics can be the natural consequence of the diffeomorphism invariance, and thus can be the general property of any gravity, which emerges in the quantum vacuum. One of the nontrivial consequences of the shift of dimensions is related to topology. Due to the shift of dimensions some operators become topological, and contain the integer or fractional prefactors in the action. This in particular concerns the intrinsic 3+1 quantum Hall effect and the Nieh-Yan quantum anomaly in terms of torsion.
description: 8 pages, no figures, extended version of arXiv:2003.00915, draft prepared for the issue of JETP devoted to Dzyaloshinskii-90
D1.3 Operational and design optimization methodologies for flexibility
Creators: name: Birk, Wolfgang
name: Atta, Khalid
name: Razi, Maryam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: energy
district heating
optimization
flexibility

description: The report at hand is the deliverable D1.3. of Work Package 1 (WP1) of the Flexi-Sync project which summarizes the implementation of operational and design optimization methodologies for flexibility. The deliverable consolidates, withing the scope of WP1, the results from tasks T1.2 and T1.3 which are defined as follows:
 Task 1.2 is “Operational flexibility enabled optimization”. The characterization from Task 1.1 is used to develop optimization approaches that are widely usable and scalable. Different flexibility measures are included in the analysis (for example the thermal inertia of the buildings, the possibility to store heat in the network, as well as other storage solutions). The developed method will cover both optimization of operation and optimization-based control, the tasks is based on results from H2020 project Opti. Task 1.3 is “Design for operational flexibility”, in it the principles and aspects that need to be consider on the design stage to enable operational flexibility are considered. There will be an interaction with WP2 and WP3 to safeguard the applicability in these contexts. The results obtained so far will be complemented by results from Work Packages 2 and 3, namely Tasks 2.2 and 3.3 in which the flexibility definition is applied at the simulation level of demonstrator areas and tested against the effect of weather conditions, respectively. Finally, a prototype solution will be implemented and tested in the real areas in Work Package 4.
A non-stationary problem coupling PDEs and ODEs modelizing an automotive catalytic converter
Creators: name: Hoernel, J. -D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35M10, 35K65, 35Q80

description: In this paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a non-stationary problem that modelizes the behaviour of the concentrations and the temperature of gases going through a cylindrical passage of an automotive catalytic converter. This problem couples parabolic partial differential equations in a domain with one parabolic partial differential equation and some ordinary differential equations on a part of its boundary.
Kāmil, Murād: Fihrist maktabat dair Sānt Kātarīn bitūr Sīnā "(Handschriften-)Verzeichnis der Bibliothek des Klosters der hl. Katharina am Berg Sinai"
Creators: name: Graf, Georg
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 39 (1955): Oriens christianus, Band 39
Privacy-preserving Voice Analysis via Disentangled Representations
Creators: name: Aloufi, Ranya
name: Haddadi, Hamed
name: Boyle, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Voice User Interfaces (VUIs) are increasingly popular and built into smartphones, home assistants, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Despite offering an always-on convenient user experience, VUIs raise new security and privacy concerns for their users. In this paper, we focus on attribute inference attacks in the speech domain, demonstrating the potential for an attacker to accurately infer a target user's sensitive and private attributes (e.g. their emotion, sex, or health status) from deep acoustic models. To defend against this class of attacks, we design, implement, and evaluate a user-configurable, privacy-aware framework for optimizing speech-related data sharing mechanisms. Our objective is to enable primary tasks such as speech recognition and user identification, while removing sensitive attributes in the raw speech data before sharing it with a cloud service provider. We leverage disentangled representation learning to explicitly learn independent factors in the raw data. Based on a user's preferences, a supervision signal informs the filtering out of invariant factors while retaining the factors reflected in the selected preference. Our experimental evaluation over five datasets shows that the proposed framework can effectively defend against attribute inference attacks by reducing their success rates to approximately that of guessing at random, while maintaining accuracy in excess of 99% for the tasks of interest. We conclude that negotiable privacy settings enabled by disentangled representations can bring new opportunities for privacy-preserving applications.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2020 Cloud Computing Security Workshop (CCSW'20) in conjunction with the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS)
Minnesota Farm Real Estate Sales: 1990-2007
Creators: name: Taff, Steven J.
name: Taff, Steven J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land prices
subject: Real estate sales
subject: Minnesota

description: This report is a summary of the data contained on the farmland sales portion of the Minnesota Land Economics (MLE) web site (http://landeconomics.umn.edu ) as of May 25, 2008. It is formally reissued each Spring, as new sales data become available. We no longer distribute a separate farm real estate report in the Minnesota Agricultural Economist (now the Minnesota Applied Economist: http://www.apec.umn.edu/MnApEc). The present document consists largely of graphs and tables summarizing sales over the past eighteen years. It provides averages at the multi-county region and at the statewide levels of aggregation. Individual transaction data are available for downloading and analysis at the MLE web site. An electronic version of the current report in fully navigable portable document format (pdf) is also available: http://landeconomics.umn.edu/mle/readings/Minnesota_Farm_Real_Estate_Sales.pdf.
Anaphorae Syriacae... cura Pontificii Instituti Studiorum Orientalium editae et latine versae II,1
Creators: name: Engberding, Hieronymus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 39 (1955): Oriens christianus, Band 39
Eidophelus marquesanus
Creators: name: Rabaglia, Robert J.
name: Beaver, Roger A.
name: Johnson, Andrew J.
name: Schmaedick, Mark A.
name: Smith, Sarah M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Eidophelus
Eidophelus marquesanus

description: Eidophelus marquesanus (Beeson)
 Ptilopodius marquesanus Beeson, 1935: 101.
 Eidophelus marquesanus (Beeson): Johnson et al. 2020: 54.
 Ptilopodius zimmermani Schedl, 1951a: 143. Synonymy: Beaver 1991: 93.
 Schedl (1951a) reported this species as P. zimmermani from Tutuila (Afono trail, Amouli and Fagatogo). The species is recorded from the Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia and the Samoan Islands.
Current survey records: American Samoa: Tutuila Isl.: Afono, Maloata, Masausi; Aunu‘u Isl.; Ta‘ū Isl.: Ta‘ū.
description: Published as part of Rabaglia, Robert J., Beaver, Roger A., Johnson, Andrew J., Schmaedick, Mark A. & Smith, Sarah M., 2020, The bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) of American Samoa, pp. 171-195 in Zootaxa 4808 (1) on page 177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3927891
The world as a neural network
Creators: name: Vanchurin, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We discuss a possibility that the entire universe on its most fundamental level is a neural network. We identify two different types of dynamical degrees of freedom: "trainable" variables (e.g. bias vector or weight matrix) and "hidden" variables (e.g. state vector of neurons). We first consider stochastic evolution of the trainable variables to argue that near equilibrium their dynamics is well approximated by Madelung equations (with free energy representing the phase) and further away from the equilibrium by Hamilton-Jacobi equations (with free energy representing the Hamilton's principal function). This shows that the trainable variables can indeed exhibit classical and quantum behaviors with the state vector of neurons representing the hidden variables. We then study stochastic evolution of the hidden variables by considering $D$ non-interacting subsystems with average state vectors, $\bar{\bf x}^{1}$, ..., $\bar{\bf x}^{D}$ and an overall average state vector $\bar{\bf x}^{0}$. In the limit when the weight matrix is a permutation matrix, the dynamics of $\bar{\bf x}^μ$ can be described in terms of relativistic strings in an emergent $D+1$ dimensional Minkowski space-time. If the subsystems are minimally interacting, with interactions described by a metric tensor, then the emergent space-time becomes curved. We argue that the entropy production in such a system is a local function of the metric tensor which should be determined by the symmetries of the Onsager tensor. It turns out that a very simple and highly symmetric Onsager tensor leads to the entropy production described by the Einstein-Hilbert term. This shows that the learning dynamics of a neural network can indeed exhibit approximate behaviors described by both quantum mechanics and general relativity. We also discuss a possibility that the two descriptions are holographic duals of each other.
description: 23 pages
title: Το χιούμορ στη σχολική τάξη
title: Humor in the classroom
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Γεωργακοπούλου, Ευαγγελία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: Χιούμορ
Σχολική τάξη
Το χιούμορ στη σχολική τάξη
Χιούμορ και διδασκαλία

description: Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει την ελληνική και ξενόγλωσση βιβλιογραφία που αναφέρεται σε θέματα εκπαίδευσης, διδακτικής και ψυχολογίας σχετικά με τη χρήση του χιούμορ στη σχολική διαδικασία. Αφού γίνεται αποσαφήνιση του όρου του χιούμορ και ανάλυση των μορφών του, ακολουθεί αναφορά θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων από κοινωνιολογική, ψυχαναλυτική και γνωσιακή σκοπιά. Στη συνέχεια, συνδέεται η χρήση του χιούμορ με το γέλιο και διερευνώνται τα όρια του χιούμορ και η διάκρισή του σε θετικό και αρνητικό. Το δεύτερο μέρος της εργασίας εστιάζει στη χρήση του χιούμορ συγκεκριμένα από τον εκπαιδευτικό στη σχολική τάξη. Είναι ευρέως γνωστό ότι η σωστή χρήση του χιούμορ στη διδακτική πράξη δημιουργεί θετικό σχολικό κλίμα και βελτιώνει την επικοινωνία του εκπαιδευτικού με τους μαθητές του. Στην παρούσα εργασία, αναλύονται τα οφέλη της χρήσης του στη διδακτική πράξη αλλά και οι αρνητικές επιπτώσεις που επιφέρει η απρόσκοπτη χρήση του. Παράλληλα, εξετάζεται η επίδρασή του στις επιδόσεις των μαθητών και παρουσιάζονται μέθοδοι της χρήσης του στο σχολικό περιβάλλον.
Is the Relationship Between Aid and Economic Growth Nonlinear?
Creators: name: Kourtellos, Andros
name: Tan, Chih Ming
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Kourtellos, Andros
name: Tan, Chih Ming
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007

description: There have been intensive debates on the role of aid in promoting economic development in developing countries by using cross-country analyses. Cross-country regression assuming linear relationship between aid and growth and without taking into heterogeneity of countries would produce biased estimates. To correct this, in this paper we investigate the relationship between foreign aid and growth using recently developed sample splitting methods that allow us to simultaneously uncover evidence for the existence of heterogeneity and nonlinearity. We also address model uncertainty in the context of these methods. We find some evidence that aid may have heterogeneous effects on growth across two growth regimes defined by ethno-linguistic fractionalization. However, when we account for model uncertainty, we find no evidence to suggest that the relationship between aid and growth is nonlinear. In fact, our results suggest that the partial effect of aid on growth is likely to be weakly negative. In this sense, our findings suggest that aid is potentially counterproductive to growth with outcomes not meeting the expectations of donors. However due to the data comparability problem and inherent econometric problem in cross-country regression, more detailed country case studies are needed to evaluate the impact of aid at the country level and even project level. This can really answer the question that under what conditions what type of aid helped growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. The methodology developed in this paper can be used to identify typologies on other outcome variables, such as those included in the Millennium Development Goals.
Oblique tearing mode instability: guide field and Hall effect
Creators: name: Shi, Chen
name: Velli, Marco
name: Pucci, Fulvia
name: Tenerani, Anna
name: Innocenti, Maria Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tearing mode instability is one important mechanism that may explain the triggering of fast magnetic reconnection in astrophysical plasmas such as the solar corona and the Earth's magnetosphere. In this paper, the linear stability analysis of the tearing mode is carried out for a current sheet in the presence of a guide field, including the Hall effect. We show that the presence of a strong guide field does not modify the most unstable mode in the two-dimensional wave vector space orthogonal to the current gradient direction, which remains the fastest growing parallel mode. With the Hall effect, the inclusion of a guide field turns the non-dispersive propagation along the guide field direction to a dispersive one. The oblique modes have a wave-like structure along the normal direction of the current sheet and a strong guide field suppresses this structure while making the eigen-functions asymmetric.
Science and Poverty: An Interdisciplinary Assessment of the Impact of Agricultural Research
Creators: name: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
name: Adato, Michelle
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
name: Adato, Michelle
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Agricultural research has greatly increased the yields of important staple food crops, and for many people this has meant more food availability and trade opportunities. Yet many people in rural areas in developing countries still live in abject poverty. Therefore, policymakers, donors, and researchers are refocusing their priorities away from simply producing more food to making sure that agricultural research benefits the poor in particular. How can we ensure that new agricultural technologies are appropriate for the different groups of people who most need assistance? Furthermore, how can we assess whether these new technologies actually reduce poverty? This report provides valuable answers by synthesizing lessons learned from seven case studies from around the developing world. The studies show that measures of the direct impacts of new technologies on incomes and yields do not tell the whole story. Both economic and noneconomic factors (such as sources of vulnerability, gender roles, and the source of the disseminated technology) play an extremely important role in determining whether the poor adopt or benefit from a technology. In addition, social, cultural, and economic factors all influence whether the poor receive direct and indirect benefits from new technologies. Therefore, it is crucial that impact assessments include a mix of disciplines and methods, and that researchers do not only focus on poverty-reducing impacts that are easy to measure. For the future, scientists and other decision makers designing new research programs need to understand all the social factors that will affect the uptake and impacts of technologies. They also need to understand poor people’s strategies for managing risk and the importance and role of agriculture in their livelihood strategies. The full results of this study (including results of the seven case studies cited), Impacts of Agricultural Research on Poverty: Results of an IFPRI-Led Project of the CGIAR Science Council’s Standing Panel on Impact Assessment, edited by Michelle Adato and Ruth Meinzen-Dick, is available from IFPRI.
High mass star formation in the infrared dark cloud G11.11-0.12
Creators: name: Pillai, Thushara
name: Wyrowski, Friedrich
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Kr"ugel, Endrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report detection of moderate to high-mass star formation in an infrared dark cloud (G11.11-0.12) where we discovered class II methanol and water maser emissions at 6.7 GHz and 22.2 GHz, respectively. We also observed the object in ammonia inversion transitions. Strong emission from the (3,3) line indicates a hot (~60 K) compact component associated with the maser emission. The line width of the hot component (4 km/s), as well as the methanol maser detection, are indicative of high mass star formation. To further constrain the physical parameters of the source, we derived the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the dust continuum by analysing data from the 2MASS survey, HIRAS, MSX, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and interferometric 3mm observations. The SED was modelled in a radiative transfer program: a) the stellar luminosity equals 1200 L_sun corresponding to a ZAMS star of 8 M_sun; b) the bulk of the envelope has a temperature of 19 K; c) the mass of the remnant protostellar cloud in an area 8x10^17 cm or 15 arcsec across amounts to 500M_sun, if assuming standard dust of the diffuse medium, and to about 60 M_sun, should the grains be fluffy and have ice mantles; d) the corresponding visual extinction towards the star is a few hundred magnitudes. The near IR data can be explained by scattering from tenuous material above a hypothetical disk. The class II methanol maser lines are spread out in velocity over 11 km/s. To explain the kinematics of the masing spots, we propose that they are located in a Kepler disk at a distance of about 250 AU. The dust temperatures there are around 150 K, high enough to evaporate methanol--containing ice mantles.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Journal
Was ist adaptives Lehren und wie lässt sich dessen Qualität empirisch erfassen?
Creators: name: Kufner, Sabrina
Publisher: name: PAradigma: Beiträge aus Forschung und Lehre aus dem Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Fachdidaktik
Year: 2017

description: Im Rahmen einer Studie zur Diagnose und Prognose von Handlungskompetenz im Bereich adaptiven Lehrens von Studierenden wurde ein Messverfahren entwickelt, das die Lücke zwischen Handlungspräskriptionen in Form empirisch erhobener Dispositionen und dem tatsächlichen Handlungsvollzug schließen kann. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung, Anwendung und Überprüfung des Beobachtungsinstrumentes zur Erhebung "adaptiven Lehrens". Mit diesem Instrument gelang es, adaptives Lehrerhandeln entlang deduktiv ermittelter Qualitätskriterien empirisch zu erfassen.
description: PAradigma: Beiträge aus Forschung und Lehre aus dem Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Fachdidaktik, Bd. 7 (2014)
Ρήτρες εχεμύθειας και μη ανταγωνισμού και αθέμιτος ανταγωνισμός
Creators: name: Αντωνοπούλου, Αλεξία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ρήτρες εχεμύθειας
subject: Ρήτρες μη ανταγωνισμού
subject: Αθέμιτος ανταγωνισμός

description: Στην παρούσα εργασία οριοθετούνται οι έννοιες των ρητρών εχεμύθειας και μη ανταγωνισμού, τα κοινά σημεία και οι διαφορές τους, αποσαφηνίζονται οι προϋποθέσεις σύμφωνα με τις οποίες οι ρήτρες είναι έγκυρες και κυρίως το προστατευτέο δικαιολογημένο συμφέρον της επιχείρησης, καθώς και οι έννομες συνέπειες που επέρχονται σε περίπτωση που το περιεχόμενό τους κρίνεται παράνομο.Τέλος, εξετάζεται η αλληλεπίδραση των ρητρών εχεμύθειας και μη ανταγωνισμού με το δίκαιο αθέμιτου ανταγωνισμού και το Ν. 146/1914.
Mulit-Photon Events with Large Missing energy in e+e- collisions at sqrt(s)=192-209 GeV
Creators: name: The OPAL Collaboration
name: Abbiendi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Events with a final state consisting of two or more photons and large missing transverse energy have been observed in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies in the range 192 - 209 GeV using the OPAL detector at LEP. Cross-section measurements are performed within the kinematic acceptance of the selection and compared with the expectation from the Standard Model process e+e- -> nu nu gamma gamma(gamma). No evidence for new physics contributions to this final state is observed. Upper limits on sigma (e+e- -> XX) BR^2(X -> Ygamma) are derived for the case of stable and invisible Y. In the case of massive Y the combined limits obtained from all the data range from 10 fb to 60 fb, while for the special case of massless Y the range is 20 fb to 40 fb. The limits apply to pair production of excited neutrions (X=nu^*,Y=nu), to neutralino production (X=~chi^0_2, Y=~chi^0_1) and to supersymmetric models in which X=~chi^0_1 and Y=~G is a light gravitino.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Letts B
The Effects of Exchange Rates and Commercial Policy in Agricultural Incentives in Colombia: 1953-1978
Creators: name: Garcia Garcia, Jorge
name: Garcia Garcia, Jorge
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agriculture and State
subject: Colombia
subject: Commercial Policy
subject: Foreign Exchange Administration

description: Agricultural price policy is a widely recognized overt means of influencing agricultural production incentives, but its effects are complex. A number of researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) have examined the interplay between production incentives and consumer burdens, both in static and dynamic environments. Raisuddin Ahmed, P.S George, Shubh Kumar, James Gavan, and Indrani Sri Chandrasekera have each treated particular aspects of these producers and consumer price effects in recent IFPRI publications. Work on the other aspect is under way.
Plasma Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery to Predict Progression of Initially Asymptomatic Moderate- Severe Aortic Stenosis
Creators: name: Chan, Daniel C. S.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The optimal timing of aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic moderate-severe aortic stenosis (AS) is challenging. Robust markers predicting symptom onset or aortic valve related events in these patients are urgently needed. Plasma proteomics offers an opportunity to identify novel biomarkers in these patients. Two sample preparation workflows for mass spectrometry were developed and compared – a) Immunodepletion + Protein prefractionation on a reversed phased C18 column and b) extracellular vesicle pulldown followed by calcium silicate hydrate pulldown. The extracellular vesicle and calcium silicate hydrate pulldown method was more reproducible with >1500 protein identifications. This method was used for biomarker discovery in 92 propensity-matched event vs noevent samples, using one dimensional liquid-chromatography-linked tandem mass spectrometry with ion mobility specific collision energies for proteomic analysis. Samples were recruitment plasma samples from the PRIMID-AS study, a prospective observational multicentre study of asymptomatic moderate-severe AS patients with extensive phenotyping with electrocardiography, echocardiography, bicycle exercise testing and multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance testing with T1 mapping, late gadolinium enhancement and stress first pass perfusion imaging. The primary endpoint was valve replacement for spontaneous AS-related symptoms or cardiovascular death or unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisation. 49 proteins were found to be differentially expressed, which may represent novel associated pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, cell death/apoptosis/autophagy, arrhythmogenesis, neural remodelling and lysosomal survival. Of these, 17 were selected for verification using 18Oisotope-labelled-pooled internal standards as the reference. Apolipoprotein D (APOD) emerged as a strong predictor of the primary endpoint, independent to exercise testing, sex, peak velocity, mean gradient and N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Addition of APOD to baseline characteristics resulted in a net reclassification improvement of 50-78%, particularly in moderate AS. Important correlates of APOD were tetranectin and body mass index. This biomarker could be used to optimally time aortic valve replacement in this group of patients.
Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty: The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Hossain, Mahabub
name: Hossain, Mahabub
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Grameen Bank
subject: Rural poor
subject: Bangladesh
subject: Small business

description: There is a growing recognition that institutional credit plays an important role in the modernization of agriculture through technological change. It is clear that as those processes of modernization occur, incomes rise and expenditures on locally produced goods and services expand in such a manner as to increase the demand for labor and labor-intensive entrepreneurial activities. The question then arises as to what extent institutional credit can be offered to very poor people to facilitate their taking direct advantage of the developing entrepreneurial activities. Perhaps the most widely admired effort to answer this question is that of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. One of the commendable features of the Grameen Bank is its desire to have its experience intensely analyzed for the benefit of others who are considering such effort, as well as for its own improvement. Mahabub Hossain conducted this in-depth analysis as a staff member if the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, which undertook a comprehensive research project on evaluation of the Grameen Bank. The International Food Policy Research Institute is pleased to have provided support to him in the writing phase of this study of the Grameen Bank.
How mobility patterns drive disease spread: A case study using public transit passenger card travel data
Creators: name: Shoghri, Ahmad El
name: Liebig, Jessica
name: Gardner, Lauren
name: Jurdak, Raja
name: Kanhere, Salil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Outbreaks of infectious diseases present a global threat to human health and are considered a major health-care challenge. One major driver for the rapid spatial spread of diseases is human mobility. In particular, the travel patterns of individuals determine their spreading potential to a great extent. These travel behaviors can be captured and modelled using novel location-based data sources, e.g., smart travel cards, social media, etc. Previous studies have shown that individuals who cannot be characterized by their most frequently visited locations spread diseases farther and faster; however, these studies are based on GPS data and mobile call records which have position uncertainty and do not capture explicit contacts. It is unclear if the same conclusions hold for large scale real-world transport networks. In this paper, we investigate how mobility patterns impact disease spread in a large-scale public transit network of empirical data traces. In contrast to previous findings, our results reveal that individuals with mobility patterns characterized by their most frequently visited locations and who typically travel large distances pose the highest spreading risk.
description: 6 Pages, 8 figures and 2 tables. Published in: 2019 IEEE 20th International Symposium on "A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks" (WoWMoM)
Ficicis despectus
Creators: name: Rabaglia, Robert J.
name: Beaver, Roger A.
name: Johnson, Andrew J.
name: Schmaedick, Mark A.
name: Smith, Sarah M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Ficicis
Ficicis despectus

description: Ficicis despectus (Walker)
 Hylesinus despectus Walker, 1859: 261.
 Ficicis despectus (Walker): Wood 1992: 82.
 Hylesinus samoanus Schedl, 1951: 142. Synonymy: Wood 1992: 82.
 Schedl (1951a) described this species as Hylesinus samoanus based on specimens from Tutuila (Afono trail, Amouli and Fagatogo) and Samoa. The species occurs throughout the Oriental region and eastwards to New Guinea, Australia and the Solomon Islands.
Current survey records: American Samoa: Tutuila Isl.: Iliili, Malaeimi.
description: Published as part of Rabaglia, Robert J., Beaver, Roger A., Johnson, Andrew J., Schmaedick, Mark A. & Smith, Sarah M., 2020, The bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) of American Samoa, pp. 171-195 in Zootaxa 4808 (1) on page 178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3927891
Mechanisms of axotomy-induced motoneuron apoptosis
Creators: name: Vanderluit, Jacqueline Liza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Nerve injury causes death of motor nerve cells (motoneurons) in neonatal mammals, in sharp contrast to motoneurons in adult mammals, which survive and regenerate their severed processes (axons). Injured neonatal motoneurons die by an active form of cell death, called apoptosis, whereby the cell activates its own proteases to rapidly breakdown the cell. Both death promoting and survival promoting genes orchestrate the activation of this form of cell death. Motoneurons in neonatal mice with a null mutation in the pro-death gene Bax are able to survive nerve injury. Similarly overexpression of either the survival promoting gene, Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL also protects neonatal motoneurons from nerve injury-induced cell death suggesting that the level of expression of cell death and survival genes plays a role in the susceptibility of motoneurons to injury-induced apoptosis. The susceptibility of young motoneurons to nerve injury has also been attributed to a dependence on trophic factors supplied by the target muscle. In support of this theory, application of trophic factors to the injured nerve stump rescues neonatal motoneurons from apoptosis. In this thesis, I have examined the expression and activation of survival and death-promoting genes and their role in the apoptotic death pathway. The three main findings are presented here. Firstly, the endogenous expression of death promoting genes, Bax and Caspase-3 is higher and the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 is lower in neonatal motoneurons in comparison with adult motoneurons. The relative ratio of Bcl-2:Bax expression increases -10- fold during postnatal development, which may contribute to the increased survival of adult motoneurons after axotomy. Secondly, activation o f the cell death pathway requires mitochondrial involvement. The release of death-inducing factors from the mitochondria is required for the activation o f caspases, the proteases which rapidly breakdown the cell. The Bax-mediated pathway and an excitotoxic/calcium-mediated pathway converge at the mitochondria to induce the release of proapoptotic factors that activate caspases and breakdown the cell. Thirdly, application of trophic factors, BDNF or GDNF, rescues neonatal motoneurons from apoptosis by preventing loss of the survival-signaling pathway (maintaining high levels of Akt phosphorylation) and preventing activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. This thesis provides support for the concept that neonatal motoneuron survival is dependent on target-derived trophic factors and provides insights into the injury-induced apoptotic pathway and the importance of trophic factor signaling as a repressor of cell death.
Heterotic Vacua from general (non-) Abelian Bundles
Creators: name: Weigand, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the construction of four-dimensional string vacua by considering general abelian and non-abelian bundles on an internal Calabi-Yau for both heterotic theories. The structure of the resulting gauge sector is extremely rich and gives rise to many new model building possibilities. We analyse the chiral spectrum including the contribution from heterotic five-branes and provide the general consistency conditions. The one-loop corrected supersymmetry condition on the bundles is found to be that of pi-stability. As an application we present a supersymmetric Standard-Model like example for the SO(32) string with U(n) bundles on an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau.
description: 8 pages; Contribution to the proceedings of the RTN network conference "Constituents, Fundamental Forces and Symmetries of the Universe" in Corfu, Greece, 20-26 September 2005; v2: typo in equation (11) corrected and one footnote added
Covariant quantization of N=1/2 SYM theories and supergauge invariance
Creators: name: Penati, S.
name: Romagnoni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: So far, quantum properties of N=1/2 nonanticommutative (NAC) super Yang--Mills theories have been investigated in the WZ gauge. The gauge independence of the results requires assuming that at the quantum level supergauge invariance is not broken by nonanticommutative geometry. In this paper we use an alternative approach which allows studying these theories in a manifestly gauge independent superspace setup. This is accomplished by generalizing the background field method to the NAC case, by moving to a momentum superspace where star products are treated as exponential factors and by developing momentum supergraph techniques. We compute the one--loop gauge effective action for NAC U(N) gauge theories with matter in the adjoint representation. Despite the appearance of divergent contributions which break (super)gauge invariance, we prove that the effective action at this order is indeed invariant.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, some references added