cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Rural Financial Development and Farmer’s Income Growth
Creators: name: Li, Jing-Jing
name: Qi, Yan-Bin
name: Li, Jing-Jing
name: Qi, Yan-Bin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural finance
subject: Income growth of farmers
subject: Granger Causality Test
subject: Co-integration Test
subject: China

description: According to the research on the relationship between rural finance and farmers’ income growth by domestic scholars, there are certain disadvantages in the stationary test, model design, data collection of time series data. According to the data from 1992 to 2005, per capita net income of farmers (y), rural credit investment (i), structure of rural employees (S) and price index of agricultural products (P) are selected as four indices. Eviews 5.0 software is used to analyze the relationship between rural financial development and income growth. OLS regression mode is established by Granger causality test, ADF test and co-integration relation test. Result shows that test statistic value is -2.8718, which is smaller than the -1.9710 critical value at 5% significant level. Thus, the residual sequence is a stationary sequence, indicating that there is co-integration relationship among per capita net income of farmers, rural credit investment, structure of rural employees and price index of agricultural products. It is put forward that we should accelerate the development of rural finance and reinforce the support for rural credit in order to improve farmers’ income.
Complete gradient estimates of quantum Markov semigroups
Creators: name: Wirth, Melchior
name: Zhang, Haonan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we introduce a complete gradient estimate for symmetric quantum Markov semigroups on von Neumann algebras equipped with a normal faithful tracial state, which implies semi-convexity of the entropy with respect to the recently introduced noncommutative 2-Wasserstein distance. We show that this complete gradient estimate is stable under tensor products and free products and establish its validity for a number of examples. As an application we prove a complete modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality with optimal constant for Poisson-type semigroups on free group factors.
description: 29 pages, some typos fixed, final version
Co-integration Analysis of Urban Residents' Income, Agricultural Financial Expenditure and Farmers’ Income
Creators: name: Yu, Zhi-Wei
name: Yu, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural residents' income
subject: Urban residents' income
subject: Agricultural financial expenditure
subject: Co-integration analysis
subject: Guangdong Province

description: Based on the previous research result, ADF test method， Johansen test method and Error Correction Model are introduced. According to the relevant data in Guangdong Province in the years 1985-2006, co-integration analysis, Error Correction Model, impulse response function and variance decomposition technology are used to study the dynamic impacts of urban residents’ income and agricultural financial expenditure on rural residents’ income in Guangdong Province. Result shows that although urban residents’ income has temporary negative effects on rural residents’ income in Guangdong Province，Its long-term, stable positive effect is more important is. Increase of urban residents’ income can promote the income growth of rural residents. Effect of agricultural financial expenditure on rural residents’ income is relatively unstable in the short term; but in the long term, it has steady and weak positive effect on rural residents’ income. Rural residents’ income has relatively great impact on its own, indicating that when rural residents’ income reaches a certain level, it can form a mechanism of self-promotion in order to promote the continued increase in the rural residents’ income.
Noncommutative-geometry wormholes without exotic matter
Creators: name: Kuhfittig, Peter K. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental property of Morris-Thorne wormholes is the so-called flare-out condition that automatically results in a violation of the null energy condition (NEC) in classical general relativity. By contrast, in $f(R)$ modified gravity, the material threading the wormhole may actually satisfy the NEC, while, at the same time, the effective stress-energy tensor arising from the modified theory violates the NEC, thereby sustaining the wormhole. It is shown in this paper that noncommutative geometry, an offshoot of string theory, can be viewed as a special case of $f(R)$ gravity and can therefore sustain a wormhole without the use of exotic matter. It also provides a motivation for the choice of $f(R)$ in the modified gravitational theory.
description: 6 pages, no figures
Shot-noise characteristics of triple-barrier resonant-tunneling diodes
Creators: name: Newaz, A. K. M.
name: Song, W.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Nitta, J.
name: Mendez, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have found experimentally that the shot noise in InAlAs-InGaAs-InAlAs Triple-Barrier Resonant-Tunneling Diodes (TBRTD) is reduced over the 2eI Poissonian value whenever their differential conductance is positive, and is enhanced over 2eI when the differential conductance is negative. This behavior, although qualitatively similar to that found in double-barrier diodes, differs from it in important details. In TBRTDs the noise reduction is considerably larger than predicted by a semi-classical model, and the enhancement does not correlate with the strength of the negative differential conductance. These results suggest an incomplete understanding of the noise properties of multiple-barrier heterostructures.
description: 5 pages, 4 figs (submitted to PRB)
Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Rural Education on Income Distribution of Rural Labor Force - A Case of Yongchuan District, Chongqing
Creators: name: Zhu, Jian-Yong
name: Zhu, Jian-Yong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: County level
subject: China
subject: Income distribution
subject: Labor force
subject: Rural education

description: Taking rural labor force in Yongchuan District as the investigation object and based on the data information collected from the 1000 questionnaires in Yongchuan District from July to September 2009,Mencerian Rate of Return is used to discuss the effects of rural education on income distribution of rural labor force through correlation analysis ,regression analysis ,and estimated value analysis. Result shows that the annual income of investigation object has significant linear positive correlation with education degree at 0.01 level, and has significant negative correlation with working age at 0.05 level. There are positive correlation between education degree and working age at both 0.01 and 0.05 levels. According to the personal income of labor forces with different education degrees, people with higher education degree has relatively lower agricultural income. The management income shows the W-shaped curve and wage income shows an increasing trend. There are significant differences in Mencerian Rate of Return at all levels of education. The overall return of education reaches 5.2%. Personal relative return shows an increasing trend in different education degrees from primary school to junior college, which has all passed the significant test. Among them, education return of junior college degree is the highest, while that of primary school is the lowest. Working age and working age square have no significant impact on personal return of education.
Electroweak Baryogenesis with Embedded Domain Walls
Creators: name: Brandenberger, Robert H.
name: Kelly, Wessyl
name: Yamaguchi, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider electroweak baryogenesis mediated by embedded domain walls. Embedded domain walls originating from a symmetry breaking phase transition are stabilized by thermal plasma effects, so that the electroweak symmetry is unbroken in their cores. For this reason, the cosmological evolution of such domain walls can generate a sufficiently large baryon asymmetry, irrespective of the order of the electroweak phase transition. For embedded domain walls, the condition that the energy of the universe not be dominated by the energy of the domain walls is relaxed significantly, and it is shown to be compatible with our scenario of electroweak baryogenesis.
description: 12 pages, no figure
Effective meson masses, effective meson-nucleon couplings and neutron star radii
Creators: name: Tuchitani, Kunito
name: Horinouchi, Yasushi
name: Iwamitsu, Taihei
name: Makino, Ken-ichi
name: Noda, Nobuo
name: Kouno, Hiroaki
name: Hasegawa, Akira
name: Nakano, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the generalized mean field theory, we have studied the relation among the effective meson masses, the effective meson-nucleon couplings and the equation of state (EOS) in asymmetric nuclear matter. If the effective omega-meson mass becomes smaller at high density, the EOS becomes stiffer. However, if we require that the omega-meson mean field is proportional to the baryon density, the effective omega-nucleon coupling automatically becomes smaller at the same time as the effective omega-meson mass becomes smaller. Consequently, the EOS becomes softer. A similar relation is found for the effective rho-meson mass and the effective rho-nucleon coupling. We have also studied the relation among the effective meson masses, the effective meson-nucleon couplings and a radius R of a neutron star. The R depends somewhat on the value of the effective omega-meson mass and the effective omega-nucleon coupling.
description: 29pages, 24 figures
The nonperturbative functional renormalization group and its applications
Creators: name: Dupuis, N.
name: Canet, L.
name: Eichhorn, A.
name: Metzner, W.
name: Pawlowski, J. M.
name: Tissier, M.
name: Wschebor, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization group plays an essential role in many areas of physics, both conceptually and as a practical tool to determine the long-distance low-energy properties of many systems on the one hand and on the other hand search for viable ultraviolet completions in fundamental physics. It provides us with a natural framework to study theoretical models where degrees of freedom are correlated over long distances and that may exhibit very distinct behavior on different energy scales. The nonperturbative functional renormalization-group (FRG) approach is a modern implementation of Wilson's RG, which allows one to set up nonperturbative approximation schemes that go beyond the standard perturbative RG approaches. The FRG is based on an exact functional flow equation of a coarse-grained effective action (or Gibbs free energy in the language of statistical mechanics). We review the main approximation schemes that are commonly used to solve this flow equation and discuss applications in equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium statistical physics, quantum many-particle systems, high-energy physics and quantum gravity.
description: v3) Review article, 93 pages + bibliography, 35 figures
Additional file 1 of Attitudes and perceptions about breastfeeding among female and male informal workers in India and South Africa
Creators: name: Horwood, C.
name: A. Surie
name: L. Haskins
name: S. Luthuli
name: R. Hinton
name: A. Chowdhury
name: N. Rollins
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Focus group discussion guide for female informal workers.
Entangled quantum currents in distant mesoscopic Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Tsomokos, D. I.
name: Chong, C. C.
name: Vourdas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two mesoscopic SQUID rings which are far from each other, are considered. A source of two-mode nonclassical microwaves irradiates the two rings with correlated photons. The Josephson currents are in this case quantum mechanical operators, and their expectation values with respect to the density matrix of the microwaves, yield the experimentally observed currents. Classically correlated (separable) and quantum mechanically correlated (entangled) microwaves are considered, and their effect on the Josephson currents is quantified. Results for two different examples that involve microwaves in number states and coherent states are derived. It is shown that the quantum statistics of the tunnelling electron pairs through the Josephson junctions in the two rings, are correlated.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, two-column format; to appear in J. Phys.: Condens. Matt
Changes of Consumption Expenditure of Urban and Rural Residents in Ningxia, China - Based on the Expanded Linear Expenditure System Model
Creators: name: Chen, Li-Yu
name: Wei, Li
name: Chen, Li-Yu
name: Wei, Li
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: ELES
subject: Consumption expenditure
subject: Ningxia
subject: China

description: Per capita GDP and rural and urban consumption expenditure in Ningxia are analyzed and compared with the average national levels of China. Principles, methods and advantages of Expanded Linear Expenditure System Model (ELES) are introduced. According to the relevant sample survey data in Ningxia in the years 1996 and 2006, eight variables of consumption expenditures are selected, which are food, clothing, housing, household equipment and supplies, transportation and communication, education and entertainment, medical care, other commodities and services. ELES Model is used to analyze the consumption expenditure of rural and urban residents in Ningxia in the years 1996 and 2006. Result shows that within ten years, consumption level of urban residents in Ningxia has developed from well off to affluence; and the consumption concept of rural residents is increasingly upgraded. At the same time, consumption level of rural residents has changed from having enough food and clothing to the well-off level, along with the sharp decrease in consumption expenditure of food, clothing and housing. Based on this, suggestions are put forward to expand the consumption level of rural and urban residents and to promote the sustained economic growth in Ningxia, China.
GOODS-ALMA: Optically dark ALMA galaxies shed light on a cluster in formation at z = 3.5
Creators: name: Zhou, L.
name: Elbaz, D.
name: Franco, M.
name: Magnelli, B.
name: Schreiber, C.
name: Wang, T.
name: Ciesla, L.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Nagar, N.
name: Magdis, G.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Béthermin, M.
name: Demarco, R.
name: Mullaney, J.
name: Bournaud, F.
name: Ferguson, H.
name: Finkelstein, S. L.
name: Giavalisco, M.
name: Inami, H.
name: Iono, D.
name: Juneau, S.
name: Lagache, G.
name: Messias, H.
name: Motohara, K.
name: Okumura, K.
name: Pannella, M.
name: Papovich, C.
name: Pope, A.
name: Rujopakarn, W.
name: Shi, Y.
name: Shu, X.
name: Silverman, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the properties of the six optically dark galaxies detected in the 69 arcmin^2 GOODS-ALMA 1.1mm continuum survey. While none of them are listed in the deepest H-band based CANDELS catalog in the GOODS-South field down to H=28.16AB, we were able to de-blend two of them from their bright neighbor and measure an $H$-band flux for them. We note that AGS4 and AGS15 have H=25.23, 27.11AB respectively. Their extreme proximity (0.50", 0.27") to a bright optical source and their extreme faintness prevented them from being included in the H-band catalog. We present the spectroscopic scan follow-up of five of the six sources with ALMA band 4. All are detected in the 2mm continuum with signal-to-noise ratios higher than eight. One emission line is detected in AGS4 (ν_{obs} =151.44GHz with a S/N=8.58) and AGS17 (ν_{obs} =154.78GHz with a S/N=10.23), which we interpret in both cases as being due to the CO(6-5) line at z^{AGS4}_{spec}=3.556 and z^{AGS4}_{spec}=3.467, respectively. These redshifts match both the probability distribution of the photometric redshifts derived from the UV to near-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and the far-infrared SEDs for typical dust temperatures of galaxies at these redshifts. We present evidence that nearly 70% (4/6 of galaxies) of the optically dark galaxies belong to the same overdensity of galaxies at z~3.5. overdensity The most massive one, AGS24 (M_{\star} = 10^{11.32^{+0.02}_{-0.19}} M_{\odot}), is the most massive galaxy without an active galactic nucleus (AGN) at $z$\,>\,3 in the GOODS-ALMA field. It falls in the very center of the peak of the galaxy surface density, which suggests that the surrounding overdensity is a proto-cluster in the process of virialization and that AGS24 is the candidate progenitor of the future brightest cluster galaxy (BCG).
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted by A&A
Energy and variance optimization of many body wave functions
Creators: name: Umrigar, C. J.
name: Filippi, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple, robust and efficient method for varying the parameters in a many-body wave function to optimize the expectation value of the energy. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by optimizing the parameters in flexible Jastrow factors, that include 3-body electron-electron-nucleus correlation terms, for the NO$_2$ and decapentaene (C$_{10}$H$_{12}$) molecules. The basic idea is to add terms to the straightforward expression for the Hessian that are zero when the integrals are performed exactly, but that cancel much of the statistical fluctuations for a finite Monte Carlo sample. The method is compared to what is currently the most popular method for optimizing many-body wave functions, namely minimization of the variance of the local energy. The most efficient wave function is obtained by optimizing a linear combination of the energy and the variance.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, minor corrections of inexact statements, missing 2
An allied history of the Peloponnesian League : Elis, Tegea, and Mantinea
Creators: name: Caprio, James Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Elis, Tegea, and Mantinea became members of the Peloponnesian League at its inception in 506, although each had concluded an alliance with Sparta much earlier. The initial arrangement between each city-state and Sparta was reciprocal and membership in the League did not interfere with their individual development. By the fifth century, Elis, Mantinea, and Tegea had created their own symmachies and were continuing to expand within the Peloponnesos. Eventually, the prosperity and growth of these regional symmachies were seen by Sparta as hazardous to its security. Hostilities erupted when Sparta interfered with the intent to dismantle these leagues. Although the dissolution of the allied leagues became an essential factor in the preservation of Sparta's security, it also engendered a rift between its oldest and most important allies. This ultimately contributed to the demise of Spartan power in 371 and the termination of the Peloponnesian League soon thereafter.
Optical intersubband properties of a core-shell semiconductor-topological insulator quantum dot described by $θ$-Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Castaño-Yepes, Jorge David
name: Franca, O. J.
name: Ramirez-Gutierrez, C. F.
name: del Valle, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical properties of a spherical topological insulator embedded concentrically in a single-electron system consisting of a core-shell GaAs quantum dot are analyzed, when the system is under a uniform external magnetic field. The topological insulator's magnetoelectric response is computed in the effective framework of $θ$-electrodynamics, which allows analytical calculations for the induced electric and magnetic potentials by Green's Function method. The GaAs Hamiltonian is constructed in the effective-mass approximation, and its corresponding Schrödinger equation is numerically solved through the Lagrange-mesh method. We compute the total absorption coefficients and refractive index changes given by the non-linear iterative density matrix formalism up to third order. Our results show that the presence of the magnetoelectric material causes new dipolar transitions otherwise not allowed. Also, an enhancement of the photon absorption is found when the incident light polarization is oriented parallel to the external magnetic field, in comparison with perpendicular polarization. Moreover, we report an appreciable blue shift in the optical functions when the values of the $θ$-parameter are increased. These results can be useful for indirect experimental measures of the magnetoelectric polarizability which is proportional to the QED fine-structure constant $α$.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Short-term adaptation in the lab : an analysis of evolutionary trajectories using time-series data
Creators: name: Barata, Carolina De Castro Barbosa Rodrigues
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2022
Subjects: Pool-seq
Evolve & resequence
Bayesian inference
Sexual selection
Drosophila pseudoobscura
Intralocus sexual conflict

description: Experimental evolution has led to remarkable discoveries on the evolution of adaptive phenotypes. However, an understanding of the genetic basis of adaptation is only just starting to emerge, especially in eukaryotes. My thesis aims to take full advantage of genomic time-series data by examining Evolve & Resequence (E&R) experiments. This approach typically monitors the genomes of lab populations over the course of several generations. Firstly, I introduce Bait-ER: a fully Bayesian approach to investigate allele frequency trajectories while testing for selection. It implements a Moran model to estimate selection paramaters at each biallelic site. Bait-ER models varying coverage explicitly to account for sampling error. My method is robust even when studying small populations, and it proved accurate in both real and simulated genomic datasets. Secondly, I investigate the response to sexual selection in lab populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura using an E&R approach. These flies were subject to an altered mating regime where the intensity of sexual selection was either relaxed in monogamous populations - M - or intensified in polyandrous populations - E. I resequenced the genomes of each population at five separate time points. I estimated diversity and the effective population size (Nₑ) across the genome, and found that overall estimates of Nₑ match neutral expectations. However, Nₑ was lower at the start of the experiment, especially on the X chromosome in E populations. This indicates that sexual selection is strongest at the start in E lines, and that the X is responsible for early adaptation. Lastly, I performed a genome scan using Bait-ER to detect any potential targets of selection on the full genomic time-series. E lines show a stronger signal of selection where the X dominates, but the third chromosome also seems to be a hotspot. In summary, I found clear signals of adaptation in the genome of lab populations at several levels. This is in spite of strong genetic drift acting to slow down the adaptive process.
Principal Component Analysis of RR Lyrae light curves
Creators: name: Kanbur, S. M.
name: Mariani, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyze the structure of RRab star light curves using Principal Component Analysis. We find this is a very efficient way to describe many aspects of RRab light curve structure: in many cases, a Principal Component fit with 9 parameters can describe a RRab light curve including bumps whereas a 17 parameter Fourier fit is needed. As a consequence we show statistically why the amplitude is also a good summary of the structure of a RR Lyrae light curve. We also use our analysis to derive an empirical relation relating absolute magnitude to light curve structure. In comparing this formula to those derived from exactly the same dataset but using Fourier parameters, we find that the Principal Component Analysis approach has disticnt advantages. These advantages are, firstly, that the errors on the coefficients in such formulae are smaller, and secondly, that the correlation between Principal Components is significantly smaller than the correlation between Fourier amplitudes. These two factors lead to reduced formal errors, in some cases estimated to be a factor of 2, on the eventual fitted value of the absolute magnitude. This technique will prove very useful in the analysis of data from existing large scale survey projects concerning variable stars.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, revised version, accepted for publication to MNRAS
Additional file 2 of The effect of physical activity on cognition relative to APOE genotype (PAAD-2): study protocol for a phase II randomized control trial
Creators: name: Park, Kyoung Shin
name: Ganesh, Alexis B.
name: Berry, Nathaniel T.
name: Yashonda P. Mobley
name: Karper, William B.
name: Labban, Jeffrey D.
name: Wahlheim, Christopher N.
name: Williams, Tomika M.
name: Wideman, Laurie
name: Etnier, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. PAAD-2 Cognitive Test Protocols
Building Halo Merger Trees from the Q Continuum Simulation
Creators: name: Rangel, Esteban
name: Frontiere, Nicholas
name: Habib, Salman
name: Heitmann, Katrin
name: Liao, Wei-keng
name: Agrawal, Ankit
name: Choudhary, Alok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cosmological N-body simulations rank among the most computationally intensive efforts today. A key challenge is the analysis of structure, substructure, and the merger history for many billions of compact particle clusters, called halos. Effectively representing the merging history of halos is essential for many galaxy formation models used to generate synthetic sky catalogs, an important application of modern cosmological simulations. Generating realistic mock catalogs requires computing the halo formation history from simulations with large volumes and billions of halos over many time steps, taking hundreds of terabytes of analysis data. We present fast parallel algorithms for producing halo merger trees and tracking halo substructure from a single-level, density-based clustering algorithm. Merger trees are created from analyzing the halo-particle membership function in adjacent snapshots, and substructure is identified by tracking the "cores" of merging halos -- sets of particles near the halo center. Core tracking is performed after creating merger trees and uses the relationships found during tree construction to associate substructures with hosts. The algorithms are implemented with MPI and evaluated on a Cray XK7 supercomputer using up to 16,384 processes on data from HACC, a modern cosmological simulation framework. We present results for creating merger trees from 101 analysis snapshots taken from the Q Continuum, a large volume, high mass resolution, cosmological simulation evolving half a trillion particles.
description: 2017 IEEE 24th International Conference on High Performance Computing
Additional file 5 of Developing a framework to inform scale-up success for population health interventions: a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature
Creators: name: Nguyen, Duyen Thi Kim
name: McLaren, Lindsay
name: Oelke, Nelly D.
name: McIntyre, Lynn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: Maps and visualizations created during analysis.
The Dilemma and Routing Selection of Agricultural Management Organization in China
Creators: name: Du, Tao
name: Wang, Zhi-Xin
name: Du, Tao
name: Wang, Zhi-Xin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural management organization
subject: Ideal organization
subject: Routing selection
subject: China

description: The paper introduces the basic connotation of peasant organization and agricultural management organization in China, analyzes the importance of agricultural management organization and puts forward the dilemma it faced with, which contains poor awareness and unbalanced organization development, small size of the agricultural management organization and inapparently driven effect, low level of standardization of organization and low operational efficiency, imperfect related supporting system and high running cost. Based on this, the paper put forward proposals to improve the level of agricultural management organization in our country. First, enhance publicity and education and strive to transform the peasants’ awareness of agricultural management organization. Second, deepen the market-oriented reform, improve the ability of information service and increase the standardization of agricultural management organization. Third, widen the value chain of agricultural products, build carrier of ideal agricultural organization and ensure the peasant’s benefits. Fourth, perfect multiple operation mechanism and advance the process of agricultural management organization of China in multi-channel.
Policies for elementary links in a quantum network
Creators: name: Khatri, Sumeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Distributing entanglement over long distances is one of the central tasks in quantum networks. An important problem, especially for near-term quantum networks, is to develop optimal entanglement distribution protocols that take into account the limitations of current and near-term hardware, such as quantum memories with limited coherence time. We address this problem by initiating the study of quantum network protocols for entanglement distribution using the theory of decision processes, such that optimal protocols (referred to as policies in the context of decision processes) can be found using dynamic programming or reinforcement learning algorithms. As a first step, in this work we focus exclusively on the elementary link level. We start by defining a quantum decision process for elementary links, along with figures of merit for evaluating policies. We then provide two algorithms for determining policies, one of which we prove to be optimal (with respect to fidelity and success probability) among all policies. Then we show that the previously-studied memory-cutoff protocol can be phrased as a policy within our decision process framework, allowing us to obtain several new fundamental results about it. The conceptual developments and results of this work pave the way for the systematic study of the fundamental limitations of near-term quantum networks, and the requirements for physically realizing them.
description: 17+38 pages, 5 figures. Minor changes; accepted for publication in Quantum
Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for energy transport in transient regime -- Model study
Creators: name: Saryal, Sushant
name: Sadekar, Onkar
name: Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate transient version of the recently discovered thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) which provides a precision-cost trade-off relation for certain out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic observables in terms of net entropy production. We explore this relation in the context of energy transport in a bipartite setting for three exactly solvable toy model systems (two coupled harmonic oscillators, two coupled qubits and a hybrid coupled oscillator-qubit system) and analyze the role played by the underlying statistics of the transport carriers in TUR. Interestingly, for all these models, depending on the statistics, the TUR ratio can be expressed as a sum or a difference of an universal term which is always greater or equal to 2 and a corresponding entropy production term. We find that the generalized version of the TUR, originating from the universal fluctuation symmetry is always satisfied. However, interestingly, the specialized TUR, a tighter bound, is always satisfied for the coupled harmonic oscillator system obeying Bose-Einstein statistics. Whereas, for both the coupled qubit, obeying Fermi-like statistics and the hybrid qubit-oscillator system with mixed Fermi-Bose statistics, violation of tighter bound is observed in certain parameter regimes. We have provided conditions for such violations. We also provide a rigorous proof following the non-equilibrium Green's function approach that the tighter bound is always satisfied in the weak-coupling regime for generic bipartite systems.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy Architecture
Creators: name: Olmstead, Sheila M.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Olmstead, Sheila M.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Global Climate Change
subject: Global Warming
subject: Policy Architecture
subject: Kyoto Protocol

description: We describe three essential elements of an effective post-2012 international global climate policy architecture: a means to ensure that key industrialized and developing nations are involved in differentiated but meaningful ways; an emphasis on an extended time path of targets; and inclusion of flexible market-based policy instruments to keep costs down and facilitate international equity. This architecture is consistent with fundamental aspects of the science, economics, and politics of global climate change; addresses specific shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol; and builds upon the foundation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Electronic Transport Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes in a Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Jarillo-Herrero, P.
name: Kong, J.
name: van der Zant, H. S. J.
name: Dekker, C.
name: Kouwenhoven, L. P.
name: De Franceschi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report magnetic field spectroscopy measurements in carbon nanotube quantum dots exhibiting four-fold shell structure in the energy level spectrum. The magnetic field induces a large splitting between the two orbital states of each shell, demonstrating their opposite magnetic moment and determining transitions in the spin and orbital configuration of the quantum dot ground state. We use inelastic cotunneling spectroscopy to accurately resolve the spin and orbital contributions to the magnetic moment. A small coupling is found between orbitals with opposite magnetic moment leading to anticrossing behavior at zero field.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Relaxing Cosmological Neutrino Mass Bounds with Unstable Neutrinos
Creators: name: Escudero, Miguel
name: Lopez-Pavon, Jacobo
name: Rius, Nuria
name: Sandner, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At present, cosmological observations set the most stringent bound on the neutrino mass scale. Within the standard cosmological model ($Λ$CDM), the Planck collaboration reports $\sum m_ν< 0.12\,\text{eV}$ at 95% CL. This bound, taken at face value, excludes many neutrino mass models. However, unstable neutrinos, with lifetimes shorter than the age of the universe $τ_ν\lesssim t_U$, represent a particle physics avenue to relax this constraint. Motivated by this fact, we present a taxonomy of neutrino decay modes, categorizing them in terms of particle content and final decay products. Taking into account the relevant phenomenological bounds, our analysis shows that 2-body decaying neutrinos into BSM particles are a promising option to relax cosmological neutrino mass bounds. We then build a simple extension of the type I seesaw scenario by adding one sterile state $ν_4$ and a Goldstone boson $ϕ$, in which $ν_i \to ν_4 \, ϕ$ decays can loosen the neutrino mass bounds up to $\sum m_ν\sim 1\,\text{eV}$, without spoiling the light neutrino mass generation mechanism. Remarkably, this is possible for a large range of the right-handed neutrino masses, from the electroweak up to the GUT scale. We successfully implement this idea in the context of minimal neutrino mass models based on a $U(1)_{μ-τ}$ flavor symmetry, which are otherwise in tension with the current bound on $\sum m_ν$.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, 7 appendices. v2: Matches published version. Minor upgrades: added appendix on BBN constraints on sterile neutrinos lighter than active neutrinos, added appendix discussing the potential amelioration of CMB neutrino decay bounds, refined discussion in Sec. 3. Results and conclusions remain unchanged. v3: fixed factor of 2 in Eqs A.4, A.6 and A.8
Interactions between State and Federal Climate Change Policies
Creators: name: Goulder, Lawrence H.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Goulder, Lawrence H.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Global Climate Change
subject: Federalism
subject: Cap-And-Trade
subject: Carbon Tax
subject: Regulation

description: Federal action addressing climate change is likely to emerge either through new legislation or via the U.S. EPA’s authority under the Clean Air Act. The prospect of federal action raises important questions regarding the interconnections between federal efforts and state-level climate policy developments. In the presence of federal policies, to what extent will state efforts be cost-effective? How does the co-existence of state- and federal-level policies affect the ability of state efforts to achieve emissions reductions? This paper addresses these questions. We find that state-level policy in the presence of a federal policy can be beneficial or problematic, depending on the nature of the overlap between the two systems, the relative stringency of the efforts, and the types of policy instruments engaged. When the federal policy sets limits on aggregate emissions quantities, or allows manufacturers or facilities to average performance across states, the emission reductions accomplished by a subset of U.S. states may reduce pressure on the constraints posed by the federal policy, thereby freeing facilities or manufacturers to increase emissions in other states. This leads to serious “emissions leakage” and a loss of cost-effectiveness at the national level. In contrast, when the federal policy sets prices for emissions or does not allow manufactures to average performance across states, these difficulties are usually avoided. Even in circumstances involving problematic interactions, there may be other attractions of state-level climate policy. We evaluate a number of arguments that have been made to support state-level climate policy in the presence of federal policies, even when problematic interactions arise.
Additional file 1 of The effect of physical activity on cognition relative to APOE genotype (PAAD-2): study protocol for a phase II randomized control trial
Creators: name: Park, Kyoung Shin
name: Ganesh, Alexis B.
name: Berry, Nathaniel T.
name: Yashonda P. Mobley
name: Karper, William B.
name: Labban, Jeffrey D.
name: Wahlheim, Christopher N.
name: Williams, Tomika M.
name: Wideman, Laurie
name: Etnier, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. PAAD-2 SPIRIT Checklist
Theoretical tools for CMB physics
Creators: name: Giovannini, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review presents, in a self-consistent manner, those analytical tools that are relevant for the analysis of the physics of CMB anisotropies generated in different theoretical models of the early Universe. After introducing the physical foundations of the Sachs-Wolfe effect, the origin and evolution of the scalar, tensor and vector modes of the geometry is treated in both gauge-invariant and gauge-dependent descriptions. Some of the recent progresses in the theory of cosmological perturbations are scrutinized with particular attention to their implications for the adiabatic and isocurvature paradigms, whose description is reviewed both within conventional fluid approaches and within the the Einstein-Boltzmann treatment. Open problems and theoretical challenges for a unified theory of the early Universe are outlined in light of their implications for the generation of large-scale anisotropies in the CMB sky and in light of the generation of stochastic backgrounds of relic gravitons between few Hz and the GHz.
description: 147 pages, 6 figures; minor corrected typos
Data smells in public datasets
Creators: name: Shome, Arumoy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461299
subject: Software engineering not elsewhere classified

description: This is the replication package for the paper titled "Data smells in public datasets", submitted to CAIN '22. This package contains supplemental files pertaining to the analysis of 25 public datasets.
Slow two-level systems in point contacts
Creators: name: Halbritter, A.
name: Borda, L.
name: Zawadowski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A great variety of experiments, like heat release measurements, acoustic measurements, and transport measurements on mesoscopic samples have proved that two level systems (TLSs) have a crucial role in the low temperature thermal and electric properties of disordered systems. This paper is aimed at reviewing the role of slow TLSs in point contacts. First the theory of point contacts is summarized, concentrating on the discussion of different point contact models, and on the different regimes of electron flow in the contact, mainly focusing on the ballistic and diffusive limit. The Boltzmann equation is solved in both regimes, and the position dependence of the electrical potential is determined. Then the scattering processes in point contacts are investigated, particularly concentrating on the scattering on slow TLSs. If the the electron assisted transitions between the two states are negligible the electron-two level system interaction can be treated with a simplified Hamiltonian. The scattering on such slow TLSs causes nonlinearity in the current-voltage characteristics of the point contact, which can be determined using Fermi's golden role. These calculations are presented showing both the contribution of elastic and inelastic scattering, and including the dependence on the position of the TLS, and on the effect of high frequency irradiation. These results are used to discuss the differences between these slow TLSs and the fast centers which may be described by the two channel Kondo model. The available experimental results are analyzed, distinguishing between the effects due to the different types of TLSs.
description: 53 pages, 40 figures
Additional file 4 of Developing a framework to inform scale-up success for population health interventions: a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature
Creators: name: Nguyen, Duyen Thi Kim
name: McLaren, Lindsay
name: Oelke, Nelly D.
name: McIntyre, Lynn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Critical questionsposed during analysis.
Nature of Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in "Non-merging'' Luminous Infrared Galaxies UGC 2608 and NGC 5135 Revealed with Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yamada, Satoshi
name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Tanimoto, Atsushi
name: Oda, Saeko
name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
name: Toba, Yoshiki
name: Ricci, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the broadband X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in two "non-merging" luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) UGC 2608 and NGC 5135, utilizing the data of NuSTAR, Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and Chandra. Applying the X-ray clumpy-torus model (XCLUMPY: Tanimoto et al. 2019), we find that both sources have similar spectra characterized by Compton-thick (CT) absorption ($N_{\rm H} \sim$ 5-7 $\times$ $10^{24}$ cm$^{-2}$) and small torus angular width ($σ$ $
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, and 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ