cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Congenital anomalies, labor/delivery complications, maternal risk factors and their relationship with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-contaminated public drinking water
Creators: name: Shofer, Frances S.
name: Nolan, John M.
name: Rodway, Nancy V.
name: Nolan, Lynda A.
name: Emmett, Edward A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: We have previously examined the associations between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure, birth weight and gestational age in individuals exposed to PFOA-contaminated residential drinking water from the Little Hocking Water Association (LHWA). In this investigation, we expand the scope of our analysis to examine the associations between PFOA, congenital anomalies, labor and delivery complications and maternal risk factors.
Recursive Total Least-Squares Algorithm Based on Inverse Power Method and Dichotomous Coordinate-Descent Iterations
Creators: name: Arablouei, Reza
name: Doğançay, Kutluyıl
name: Werner, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a recursive total least-squares (RTLS) algorithm for errors-in-variables system identification utilizing the inverse power method and the dichotomous coordinate-descent (DCD) iterations. The proposed algorithm, called DCD-RTLS, outperforms the previously-proposed RTLS algorithms, which are based on the line-search method, with reduced computational complexity. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the DCD-RTLS algorithm and show that it is asymptotically unbiased as well as being stable in the mean. We also find a lower bound for the forgetting factor that ensures mean-square stability of the algorithm and calculate the theoretical steady-state mean-square deviation (MSD). We verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the accuracy of the predicted steady-state MSD via simulations.
Large epitaxial bi-axial strain induces a Mott-like phase transition in VO2
Creators: name: Kittiwatanakul, Salinporn
name: Wolf, Stuart A.
name: Lu, Jiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metal insulator transition (MIT) in VO2 has been an important topic for recent years. It has been generally agreed that the mechanism of the MIT in bulk VO2 is considered to be a collaborative Mott-Peierls transition, however the effect of the strain on the phase transition is much more complicated. In this study the effect of the large strain on the properties of VO2 films was investigated. One remarkable result is that highly strained epitaxial VO2 thin films were rutile in the insulating state as well as in the metallic state. These highly strained VO2 films underwent an electronic phase transition without the concomitant Peierls transition. Our results also show that a very large tensile strain along the c-axis of rutile VO2 resulted in a phase transition temperature of ~ 433 K, much higher than in any previous report. Our findings elicit that the metal insulator transition in VO2 can be driven by an electronic transition alone, rather the typical coupled electronic-structural transition.
Effects of prenatal exposure to a low dose atrazine metabolite mixture on pubertal timing and prostate development of male Long-Evans rats
Creators: name: Malarkey, David E.
name: Rayner, Jennifer L.
name: Enoch, Rolondo R.
name: Fenton, Suzanne E.
name: Davis, Christine C.
name: Wolf, Douglas C.
name: Stanko, Jason P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The present study examines the postnatal reproductive development of male rats following prenatal exposure to an atrazine metabolite mixture (AMM) consisting of the herbicide atrazine and its environmental metabolites diaminochlorotriazine, hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine. Pregnant Long Evans rats were treated by gavage with 0.09, 0.87, or 8.73 mg AMM/kg body weight (BW), vehicle, or 100 mg ATR/kg BW positive control, on gestation days 15-19. Preputial separation was significantly delayed in 0.87 mg and 8.73 mg AMM-exposed males. AMM-exposed males demonstrated a significant treatment-related increase in incidence and severity of inflammation in the prostate on postnatal day (PND) 120. A dose-dependent increase in epididymal fat masses and prostate foci were grossly visible in AMM-exposed offspring. These results indicate that a short, late prenatal exposure to mixture of chlorotriazine metabolites can cause chronic prostatitis in male LE rats. The mode of action for these effects is presently unclear.
phenotools: an R package to facilitate efficient and reproducible use of phenotypic data from MoBa and linked registry sources in the TSD environment
Creators: name: Askelund, Adrian Dahl
name: Bakken, Nora Refsum
name: Wootton, Robyn
name: Corfield, Elizabeth
name: Jensen, Pia
name: Pettersen, Johanne Hagen
name: Ziada Ayorech
name: Havdahl, Alexandra
name: Hannigan, Laurie John
name: Askeland, Ragna Bugge
name: Rayner, Christopher
name: Ask, Helga
name: Hegemann, Laura
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2021

description: The goal of the phenotools package is to facilitate efficient and reproducible use of phenotypic data from MoBa and linked registry sources in the TSD environment. Please contact Laurie Hannigan with bugs, feedback, or development ideas.
Comparison of polyfluoroalkyl compound concentrations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid: A pilot study
Creators: name: Calafat, Antonia M.
name: Wolff, Mary S.
name: Engel, Stephanie M.
name: Stein, Cheryl R.
name: Kato, Kayoko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The extent to which polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are detectable in amniotic fluid is unknown. Using paired samples from 28 women, we compared the concentration of 8 PFCs measured in serum, the standard matrix for assessing human exposure, amniotic fluid from routine amniocentesis, and urine. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were detected in all maternal serum samples. The number of amniotic fluid samples with detectable concentrations differed by PFC (PFOA n=24; PFNA n=10; PFOS n=9; PFHxS n=4). The correlation coefficient between maternal serum and amniotic PFC levels varied considerably by PFC (PFOA ρ=0.64, p<0.001; PFNA ρ=0.05, p=0.9; PFOS ρ=0.76, p=0.01; PFHxS ρ=0.80, p=0.2). Using linear regression, PFOA appeared to be commonly detected in amniotic fluid if the serum concentration exceeded approximately 1.5 ng/mL whereas PFOS was rarely detected in amniotic fluid until the serum concentration was about 5.5 ng/mL. No PFCs were detected in urine.
Focal-plane wavefront sensing with photonic lanterns I: theoretical framework
Creators: name: Lin, Jonathan
name: Fitzgerald, Michael
name: Xin, Yinzi
name: Guyon, Olivier
name: Leon-Saval, Sergio
name: Norris, Barnaby
name: Jovanovic, Nemanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photonic lantern (PL) is a tapered waveguide that can efficiently couple light into multiple single-mode optical fibers. Such devices are currently being considered for a number of tasks, including the coupling of telescopes and high-resolution, fiber-fed spectrometers, coherent detection, nulling interferometry, and vortex-fiber nulling (VFN). In conjunction with these use cases, PLs can simultaneously perform low-order focal-plane wavefront sensing. In this work, we provide a mathematical framework for the analysis of the photonic lantern wavefront sensor (PLWFS), deriving linear and higher-order reconstruction models as well as metrics through which sensing performance -- both in the linear and nonlinear regimes -- can be quantified. This framework can be extended to account for additional optics such as beam-shaping optics and vortex masks, and is generalizable to other wavefront sensing architectures. Lastly, we provide initial numerical verification of our mathematical models, by simulating a 6-port PLWFS. In a companion paper, we provide a more comprehensive numerical characterization of few-port PLWFSs, and consider how the sensing properties of these devices can be controlled and optimized.
description: Accepted to JOSA B
Induction of slow oscillations by rhythmic acoustic stimulation
Creators: name: Ngo, Hong-Viet V.
name: Claussen, Jens Christian
name: Born, Jan
name: Mölle, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Slow oscillations are electrical potential oscillations with a spectral peak frequency of $\sim$0.8 Hz, and hallmark the electroencephalogram during slow-wave sleep. Recent studies have indicated a causal contribution of slow oscillations to the consolidation of memories during slow-wave sleep, raising the question to what extent such oscillations can be induced by external stimulation. Here, we examined whether slow oscillations can be effectively induced by rhythmic acoustic stimulation. Human subjects were examined in three conditions: (i) with tones presented at a rate of 0.8 Hz (`0.8-Hz stimulation'); (ii) with tones presented at a random sequence (`random stimulation'); and (iii) with no tones presented in a control condition (`sham'). Stimulation started during wakefulness before sleep and continued for the first $\sim$90 min of sleep. Compared with the other two conditions, 0.8-Hz stimulation significantly delayed sleep onset. However, once sleep was established, 0.8-Hz stimulation significantly increased and entrained endogenous slow oscillation activity. Sleep after the 90-min period of stimulation did not differ between the conditions. Our data show that rhythmic acoustic stimulation can be used to effectively enhance slow oscillation activity. However, the effect depends on the brain state, requiring the presence of stable non-rapid eye movement sleep.
Histopathologic changes in the uterus, cervix and vagina of immature CD-1 mice exposed to low doses of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in a uterotrophic assay
Creators: name: Hines, Erin P.
name: Newbold, Retha R.
name: Fenton, Suzanne E.
name: Reed, Casey E.
name: Moore, Alicia B.
name: Stanko, Jason P.
name: Gibbs-Flournoy, Eugene A.
name: Lu, Yi
name: Dixon, Darlene
name: Jefferson, Wendy N.
name: Wallace, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The estrogenic and antiestrogenic potential of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was assessed using an immature mouse uterotrophic assay and by histologic evaluation of the uterus, cervix and vagina following treatment. Female offspring of CD-1 dams were weaned at 18 days old and assigned to groups of equal weight, and received 0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg PFOA/kg BW/d by gavage with or without 17-β estradiol (E2, 500 μg/kg/d) from PND18-20 (n=8/treatment/block). At 24 hr after the third dose (PND 21), uteri were removed and weighed. Absolute and relative uterine weights were significantly increased in the 0.01 mg/kg PFOA only group. Characteristic estrogenic changes were present in all E2-treated mice; however, they were minimally visible in the 0.01 PFOA only mice. These data suggest that at a low dose PFOA produces minimal histopathologic changes in the reproductive tract of immature female mice, and does not antagonize the cellular effects of E2.
Stratified Distribution of Organic Molecules at the Planet-Formation Scale in the HH 212 Disk Atmosphere
Creators: name: Lee, Chin-Fei
name: Codella, Claudio
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Lopez-Sepulcre, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Formamide (NH2CHO) is considered an important prebiotic molecule because of its potential to form peptide bonds. It was recently detected in the atmosphere of the HH 212 protostellar disk on the Solar-System scale where planets will form. Here we have mapped it and its potential parent molecules HNCO and H2CO, along with other molecules CH3OH and CH3CHO, in the disk atmosphere, studying its formation mechanism. Interestingly, we find a stratified distribution of these molecules, with the outer emission radius increasing from ~ 24 au for NH2CHO and HNCO, to 36 au for CH3CHO, to 40 au for CH3OH, and then to 48 au for H2CO. More importantly, we find that the increasing order of the outer emission radius of NH2CHO, CH3OH, and H2CO is consistent with the decreasing order of their binding energies, supporting that they are thermally desorbed from the ice mantle on dust grains. We also find that HNCO, which has much lower binding energy than NH2CHO, has almost the same spatial distribution, kinematics, and temperature as NH2CHO, and is thus more likely a daughter species of desorbed NH2CHO. On the other hand, we find that H2CO has a more extended spatial distribution with different kinematics from NH2CHO, thus questioning whether it can be the gas-phase parent molecule of NH2CHO.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Polarization calibration of the Tandem Etalon Magnetograph of the Solar Magnetic Activity Research Telescope at Hida Observatory
Creators: name: Yamasaki, Daiki
name: Nagata, Shin'ichi
name: Ichimoto, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Tandem Etalon Magnetograph (TEM) is one of the instruments of the Solar Magnetic Activity Research Telescope of Hida Observatory. The TEM is a partial disk (320" x240") filter magnetograph which scans the wavelength around a Fe I line at 6303 angstrom and achieves polarimetric sensitivity of < 5x10^-4 for each wavelength. To obtain the polarimeter response matrix of the instrument, we have carried out end-to-end polarization calibrations of the instrument. We have also measured the polarization characteristics of the polarization beam splitter (PBS), which is a crucial component of the instrument. As a result of end-to-end calibration, we found significant spatial variation in the response matrix across the field of view. From a laboratory test, we found that 1% of the magnitude of a circular diattenuation of the PBS was due to the retardation caused by the stress in the cube and the linear diattenuation of the film. Although the spatial variation across the field of view is more than ten times larger, to achieve the polarimetric sensitivity of < 5x10^-4, this can be well explained by the polarization characteristic of the PBS and corrected by using the response matrix obtained in the end-to-end calibration. In addition, we also obtained the daily variation of the polarization property of the TEM. We found that the crosstalk from Stokes Q to V changes an amount comparable to the tolerance through a day. In the present configuration, we require a pixel-by-pixel calibration every 100 minutes to meet the accuracy requirement.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACT OF EXPONENTIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF HR ANALYTICS IN INDIA IT SECTOR
Creators: name: RAKESH NAIK VADITHE
name: Dr. BIKRANTKESARI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Human Resource Analytics (HRA), Technologies, Strategic, IT Sector, Data-Driven.

description: Abstract

Exponential technologies are transforming industries, including potential changes to HR practices. As data-driven decision-making gains prominence, integrating HR analytics becomes crucial for enhancing workforce management and strategic planning. This research paper focuses on the impact of exponential technologies on the practical implementation of HR analytics. In this study, HR analytics played a pivotal role in conjunction with the utilisation of SmartPLS 4.0. examination through CFA and SEM techniques. The model's validity and reliability were assessed using data collected from 360 HR managers in India's IT sector. The results showed that exponential technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, chatbots, machine learning, neural fuzzy networks, and social media networks have a significant relationship with HR analytics. It then focused on the Indian IT sector, which is a dynamic and technology-driven economic growth that relies mainly on the utilisation of data-driven insights that enable HR experts to make knowledgeable decisions that align with business objectives and employee needs, making it a practical framework for investigating the synergies between HR analytics and exponential technologies.
ATLASGAL -- Star forming efficiencies and the Galactic star formation rate
Creators: name: Wells, M. R. A.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Moore, T. J. T.
name: Browning, K. E.
name: Ragan, S. E.
name: Rigby, A. J.
name: Eden, D. J.
name: Thompson, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ATLASGAL survey has characterised the properties of approximately 1000 embedded HII regions and found an empirical relationship between the clump mass and bolometric luminosity that covers 3-4 orders of magnitude. Comparing this relation with simulated clusters drawn from an initial mass function and using different star formation efficiencies we find that a single value is unable to fit the observed luminosity to mass ($L/M$) relation. We have used a Monte Carlo simulation to generate 200,000 clusters using the $L/M$-ratio as a constraint to investigate how the star formation efficiency changes as a function of clump mass. This has revealed that the star formation efficiency decreases with increasing clump mass with a value of 0.2 for clumps with masses of a few hundred solar masses and dropping to 0.08 for clumps with masses of a few thousand solar masses. We find good agreement between our results and star formation efficiencies determined from counts of embedded objects in nearby molecular clouds. Using the star formation efficiency relationship and the infrared excess time for embedded star formation of $2\pm1$, Myr we estimate the Galactic star formation rate to be approximately $0.9\pm0.45$ Msun yr$^{-1}$, which is in good agreement with previously reported values. This model has the advantage of providing a direct means of determining the star formation rate and avoids the difficulties encountered in converting infrared luminosities to stellar mass that affect previous galactic and extragalactic studies.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The differing magnitude distributions of the two Jupiter Trojan color populations
Creators: name: Wong, Ian
name: Brown, Michael E.
name: Emery, Joshua P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Jupiter Trojans are a significant population of minor bodies in the middle Solar System that have garnered substantial interest in recent years. Several spectroscopic studies of these objects have revealed notable bimodalities with respect to near-infrared spectra, infrared albedo, and color, which suggest the existence of two distinct groups among the Trojan population. In this paper, we analyze the magnitude distributions of these two groups, which we refer to as the red and less red color populations. By compiling spectral and photometric data from several previous works, we show that the observed bimodalities are self-consistent and categorize 221 of the 842 Trojans with absolute magnitudes in the range H<12.3 into the two color populations. We demonstrate that the magnitude distributions of the two color populations are distinct to a high confidence level (>95%) and fit them individually to a broken power law, with special attention given to evaluating and correcting for incompleteness in the Trojan catalog as well as incompleteness in our categorization of objects. A comparison of the best-fit curves shows that the faint-end power-law slopes are markedly different for the two color populations, which indicates that the red and less red Trojans likely formed in different locations. We propose a few hypotheses for the origin and evolution of the Trojan population based on the analyzed data.
description: Published in AJ; 26 pages, 7 figures
TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACT OF EXPONENTIAL TECHNOLOGIES ON HR ANALYTICS ADOPTION
Creators: name: RAKESH NAIK VADITHE
name: Dr. BIKRANTKESARI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Human Resource Analytics (HRA), Technologies, Strategic, IT Sector, Data-Driven.

description: Abstract

Exponential technologies are transforming industries, including potential changes to HR practices. As data-driven decision-making gains prominence, integrating HR analytics becomes crucial for enhancing workforce management and strategic planning. This research paper focuses on the impact of exponential technologies on the practical implementation of HR analytics. In this study, HR analytics played a pivotal role in conjunction with the utilisation of SmartPLS 4.0. examination through CFA and SEM techniques. The model's validity and reliability were assessed using data collected from 360 HR managers in India's IT sector. The results showed that exponential technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, chatbots, machine learning, neural fuzzy networks, and social media networks have a significant relationship with HR analytics. It then focused on the Indian IT sector, which is a dynamic and technology-driven economic growth that relies mainly on the utilisation of data-driven insights that enable HR experts to make knowledgeable decisions that align with business objectives and employee needs, making it a practical framework for investigating the synergies between HR analytics and exponential technologies.
title: Zweites Symposium Zierpflanzenzüchtung in Quedlinburg, 13. - 14. März 2017 - Proceedings -
Creators: name: Plaschil, Sylvia
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2017

description: Sylvia Plaschil (Hrsg.)
description: Vorwort...6
Inhaltsverzeichnis / Table of Contents...3
Grußwort...7
Grußwort...10
Grußwort...11
Grußwort...13
Aktuelle Entwicklungen bei der Deutschen Genbank Zierpflanzen...15
Arbeitsgruppe Neue Zierpflanzen – Chancen und Herausforderungen in der heutigen Züchtungslandschaft...18
Gemeinschaftlicher Sortenschutz...23
Patentschutz in der (Zier-)Pflanzenzucht...28
Das Nagoya-Protokoll – Auswirkungen auf die Pflanzenzüchtung...32
CRISPR/Cas9 und andere Genome Editing Techniken...36
Neue Strategien zur Erzeugung von haploiden Kulturpflanzen durch Verfahren der Genomeliminierung...40
Genetische Kartierung des Inflorenszenztyps mittels Genotyping-by-Sequencing bei Hortensie (Hydrangea macrophylla)...46
Erarbeitung von Grundlagen für die Züchtung neuer Zierpflanzen am Beispiel der Mittagsblumen...48
Analyse wirtschaftlich wichtiger Merkmale in Zierpflanzen mit komplexen Genomen...55
Die Petunie als Modell zur Züchtung Mykorrhiza-reaktionsfähiger Kulturpflanzen...56
Metabolismus und Transkriptom von zwei Petuniensorten mit kontrastierender Kühletoleranz deuten auf wichtige Funktionen der Source-Sink Beziehung und der Abscisinsäure...57
Trendige Zierpflanzen für begeisterte Kunden – Eine Herausforderung!...58
Praktische Zierpflanzenzüchtung in einem sich verändernden Wettbewerbsumfeld...61
Pflanzenzüchtung im Gartenbaustudium in den Hochschulen in Deutschland...64
Berufsintegrierender Bachelorstudiengang „Pflanzentechnologie in der Agrarwirtschaft“ an der Hochschule Osnabrück...72
Pflanzentechnologe/-in – der neue Beruf für die Pflanzenzüchtung...74
Konzeption und Förderung von FuE-Vorhaben mit Gartenbaubezug...79
Autorenverzeichnis...80
Julius-Kühn-Archiv 457...komplettes Heft
Illuminating the Sydney Opera House: Lighting, theatricality and Jørn Utzon’s ‘Journey’, 1965-2015
Creators: name: Dwyer, Simon
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 330299
subject: Building not elsewhere classified

description: Good architectural lighting strives for much more than functional illumination. Such lighting aspires to a seamless integration with the building; light provides an extension of a structure’s aesthetic qualities and serves a variety of practical functions including safety and wayfinding. This thesis examines the story of lighting the Sydney Opera House with a particular focus on Jørn Utzon’s concept of the ‘journey’ and how entering what is now one of the world’s most famous performing arts complexes is a transition from the ‘everyday’ to the extraordinary, from the routine to the theatrical. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates how the efforts of lighting designer John Waldram who, with architect Peter Hall, produced a timeless scheme drawing on Utzon’s concepts which illuminate the external structure and the internal areas, innovatively integrating lighting and architecture for a building conceived of as a sculpture. This case study investigates the lighting of the Sydney Opera House’s famous ‘shells’ as well as exploring the public stages and private spaces within the complex. The public stages comprise six internal venues and one flexible external venue connected by a variety of public spaces such as broad walks, foyers, restaurants and retail outlets. There are also over 2,000 private spaces including dressing rooms, administration offices, support and ancillary areas, underpinning the various activities that take place on the stages and in the public areas. Light guides artists, patrons and the vast array of workers that bring this well-known building, and the activities performed within it, to life, offering visual clues for amenities, revealing unique combinations of construction fabrics and regularly reiterating the theatricality of the ‘journey’ and so reinforcing the building’s primary purpose. There are many competing, and controversial, stories around this icon of the built environment. This case study privileges the, often-overlooked, contribution that lighting has made to the unique edifice that is the Sydney Opera House and how light is, too, a storyteller.
Dietary intake, nutrition, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Creators: name: Brooke, Lesley E.
name: Hamrick, Kari J.
name: Corbin, Karen D.
name: Marais, Anna-Susan
name: May, Philip A.
name: Gossage, J. Phillip
name: Hoyme, H. Eugene
name: Blankenship, Jason
name: Hasken, Julie M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In this study, we describe the nutritional status of women from a South African community with very high rates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Nutrient intake (24-hours recall) of mothers of children with FASD was compared to mothers of normal controls. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). More than 50 percent of all mothers were below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamins A, D, E, and C, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. Mean intakes were below the Adequate Intake (AI) for vitamin K, potassium, and choline. Mothers of children with FASD reported significantly lower intake of calcium, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), riboflavin, and choline than controls. Lower intake of multiple key nutrients correlates significantly with heavy drinking. Poor diet quality and multiple nutritional inadequacies coupled with prenatal alcohol exposure may increase the risk for FASD in this population.
The mammary gland is a sensitive pubertal target in CD-1 and C57Bl/6 mice following perinatal perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure
Creators: name: Tucker, Deirdre K.
name: Strynar, Mark J.
name: Andersen, Erik
name: Macon, Madisa B.
name: Fenton, Suzanne E.
name: Dagnino, Sonia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a known developmental toxicant in mice, with varied strain outcomes depending on dose and period of exposure. The impact of PFOA on female mouse pubertal development at low doses (≤1 mg/kg), however, has yet to be determined. Therefore, female offspring from CD-1 and C57Bl/6 dams exposed to PFOA, creating serum concentrations similar to humans, were examined for pubertal onset, including mammary gland development. Mouse pups demonstrated a shorter PFOA elimination half-life than that reported for adult mice. Prenatal exposure to PFOA caused significant mammary developmental delays in exposed female offspring in both strains. Delays started during puberty and persisted into young adulthood; severity was dose-dependent. In contrast, an evaluation of serum hormone levels and pubertal timing onset in the same offspring revealed no effects of PFOA compared to controls in either strain. Therefore, our data suggest that the mammary gland is more sensitive to the effects of early low level PFOA exposures compared to other pubertal endpoints, regardless of strain.
Pay No Attention to the Model Behind the Curtain
Creators: name: Stark, Philip B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many widely used models amount to an elaborate means of making up numbers--but once a number has been produced, it tends to be taken seriously and its source (the model) is rarely examined carefully. Many widely used models have little connection to the real-world phenomena they purport to explain. Common steps in modeling to support policy decisions, such as putting disparate things on the same scale, may conflict with reality. Not all costs and benefits can be put on the same scale, not all uncertainties can be expressed as probabilities, and not all model parameters measure what they purport to measure. These ideas are illustrated with examples from seismology, wind-turbine bird deaths, soccer penalty cards, gender bias in academia, and climate policy.
Quaternion Derivatives: The GHR Calculus
Creators: name: Xu, Dongpo
name: Jahanchahi, Cyrus
name: Took, Clive C.
name: Mandic, Danilo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quaternion derivatives in the mathematical literature are typically defined only for analytic (regular) functions. However, in engineering problems, functions of interest are often real-valued and thus not analytic, such as the standard cost function. The HR calculus is a convenient way to calculate formal derivatives of both analytic and non-analytic functions of quaternion variables, however, both the HR and other functional calculus in quaternion analysis have encountered an essential technical obstacle, that is, the traditional product rule is invalid due to the non- commutativity of the quaternion algebra. To address this issue, a generalized form of the HR derivative is proposed based on a general orthogonal system. The so introduced generalization, called the generalized HR (GHR) calculus, encompasses not just the left- and right-hand versions of quaternion derivative, but also enables solutions to some long standing problems, such as the novel product rule, the chain rule, the mean-valued theorem and Taylor's theorem. At the core of the proposed approach is the quaternion rotation, which can naturally be applied to other functional calculi in non-commutative settings. Examples on using the GHR calculus in adaptive signal processing support the analysis.
description: This work was completed on 19 Aug 2013 and was submitted to PLMS on 08 Jan 2014
Relationships among repetitive behaviors, sensory features, and executive functions in high functioning autism
Creators: name: Baranek, Grace T.
name: Boyd, Brian A.
name: Bodfish, James W.
name: Holtzclaw, Tia
name: McBee, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This study examined the relationship between repetitive behaviors and sensory processing issues in school-aged children with high functioning autism (HFA). Children with HFA (N = 61) were compared to healthy, typical controls (N = 64) to determine the relationship between these behavioral classes and to examine whether executive dysfunction explained any relationship between the variables. Particular types of repetitive behavior (i.e., stereotypy and compulsions) were related to sensory features in autism; however, executive deficits were only correlated with repetitive behavior. This finding suggests that executive dysfunction is not the shared neurocognitive mechanism that accounts for the relationship between restricted, repetitive behaviors and aberrant sensory features in HFA. Group status, younger chronological age, presence of sensory processing issues, and difficulties with behavior regulation predicted the presence of repetitive behaviors in the HFA group.
Bifurcation curves of a logistic equation when the linear growth rate crosses a second eigenvalue
Creators: name: Girão, Pedro M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B32, 35J66, 37B30, 92D25

description: We construct the global bifurcation curves, solutions versus level of harvesting, for the steady states of a diffusive logistic equation on a bounded domain, under Dirichlet boundary conditions and other appropriate hypotheses, when $a$, the linear growth rate of the population, is below $λ_2+δ$. Here $λ_2$ is the second eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian on the domain and $δ>0$. Such curves have been obtained before, but only for $a$ in a right neighborhood of the first eigenvalue. Our analysis provides the exact number of solutions of the equation for $a\leqλ_2$ and new information on the number of solutions for $a>λ_2$.
description: This is an extended version of the published paper
Development of a Scanning Tunneling Microscope for Variable Temperature Electron Spin Resonance
Creators: name: Hwang, Jiyoon
name: Krylov, Denis
name: Elbertse, Robertus J. G.
name: Yoon, Sangwon
name: Ahn, Taehong
name: Oh, Jeongmin
name: Fang, Lei
name: Jang, Won-jun
name: Cho, Franklin H.
name: Heinrich, Andreas J.
name: Bae, Yujeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in increasing the spectroscopic energy resolution in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been achieved by integrating electron spin resonance (ESR) with STM. Here, we demonstrate the design and performance of a home-built STM capable of ESR at temperatures ranging from 1 K to 10 K. The STM is incorporated with a home-built Joule-Thomson refrigerator and a 2-axis vector magnet. Our STM design allows for the deposition of atoms and molecules directly into the cold STM, eliminating the need to extract the sample for deposition. In addition, we adopt two methods to apply radio-frequency (RF) voltages to the tunnel junction, the early design of wiring to the STM tip directly, and a more recent idea to use an RF antenna. Direct comparisons of ESR results measured using the two methods and simulations of electric field distribution around the tunnel junction show that, despite their different designs and capacitive couplings to the tunnel junction, there is no discernible difference in the driving and detection of ESR. Furthermore, at a magnetic field of 1.6 T, we observe ESR signals (near 40 GHz) sustained up to 10 K, which is the highest temperature for ESR-STM measurement reported to date, to the best of our knowledge. Although the ESR intensity exponentially decreases with increasing temperature, our ESR-STM system with low noise at the tunnel junction allows us to measure weak ESR signals with intensities in the sub-fA range. Our new design of ESR-STM, which is operational in a large frequency and temperature range, can broaden the use of ESR spectroscopy in STM and enable the simple modification of existing STM systems, which will hopefully accelerate a generalized use of ESR-STM.
Age trends in visual exploration of social and nonsocial information in children with autism
Creators: name: Sasson, Noah J.
name: Elison, Jed T.
name: Bodfish, James W.
name: Dichter, Gabriel S.
name: Turner-Brown, Lauren M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Because previous studies of attention in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been restricted in age range examined, little is known about how these processes develop over the course of childhood. In this study we examined cross-sectional age effects on patterns of visual attention to social and nonsocial information in 43 typically developing children and 51 children with ASD ranging in age from 2 to 18. Results indicated a sharp increase in visual exploration with age and a decrease in perseverative and detail-focused attention for both groups of children. However, increased age was associated with greater increases in visual exploration for typically developing children than for those children with ASD. The developmental differences were most pronounced for attention to certain nonsocial stimuli as children with ASD demonstrated a disproportionate attentional bias for these stimuli from very early in life. Disproportionate visual attention to certain nonsocial objects relative to social stimuli in ASD spanned from early to late childhood, and thus may represent both an early and a persistent characteristic of the disorder.
Distinguishing the EH1 and S1 defects in n-type 4H-SiC by Laplace DLTS
Creators: name: Knežević, Tihomir
name: Brodar, Tomislav
name: Radulović, Vladimir
name: Snoj, Luka
name: Makino, Takahiro
name: Capan, Ivana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the low-energy electron and fast neutron irradiated 4H-SiC studied by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and Laplace DLTS. Irradiations introduced two defects, Ec-0.4eV and Ec-0.7eV. They were previously assigned to carbon interstitial (Ci) labeled as EH1/3 and silicon-vacancy (VSi) labeled as S1/2, for the low-energy electron and fast neutron irradiation, respectively. This work demonstrates how Laplace DLTS can be used as a useful tool for distinguishing the EH1 and S1 defects. We show that EH1 consists of a single emission line arising from the Ci(h), while S1 has two emission lines arising from the VSi(h) and VSi(k) lattice sites.
Intact hedonic responses to sweet tastes in autism spectrum disorder
Creators: name: Garbutt, James C.
name: Kampov-Polevoy, Alexei B.
name: Damiano, Cara R.
name: Dichter, Gabriel S.
name: Burrus, Caley
name: Aloi, Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The Sweet Taste Test (STT) is a standardized measure designed to index the ability to detect differences in sweet tastes (sweet taste sensitivity) and hedonic responses to sweet tastes (sweet taste liking). Profiles of response on the STT suggest enhanced hedonic responses to sweet tastes in psychiatric disorders characterized by dysfunctional reward processing systems, including binge-eating disorders and substance use disorders, and a putative mechanism governing STT responses is the brain opioid system. The present study examined STT responses in 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 38 healthy control adults. There were no differences in sweet taste sensitivity or hedonic response to sweet tastes between the ASD and control groups. Within the ASD sample, ASD symptom severity was associated with sweet taste sensitivity, but not hedonic response to sweet taste. Results may ultimately shed light on brain opioid system functioning in ASD.
Computational studies on magnetism and ferroelectricity
Creators: name: Xu, Ke
name: Feng, Junsheng
name: Xiang, Hongjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetics, ferroelectrics and multiferroics have attracted great attentions because they are not only extremely important for investigating fundamental physics, but also have important applications in information technology. Here, recent computational studies on magnetism and ferroelectricity are reviewed. We first give a brief introduction to magnets, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics. Then, theoretical models and corresponding computational methods for investigating these materials are presented. In particular, a new method for computing the linear magnetoelectric coupling tensor without applying an external field in the first principle calculations is proposed for the first time. The functionalities of our homemade Property Analysis and Simulation Package for materials (PASP) and its applications in the field of magnetism and ferroelectricity are discussed. Finally, we summarize this review and give a perspective on possible directions of future computational studies on magnetism and ferroelectricity.
BCN20000: Dermoscopic Lesions in the Wild
Creators: name: H. Perez, Carlos
name: 0000-0001-5237-4256
name: 0000-0001-6924-9961
name: 0000-0002-6998-914X
name: 0000-0003-4150-0522
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320205
subject: Dermatology
classificationCode: 460304
subject: Computer vision
classificationCode: 460501
subject: Data engineering and data science
classificationCode: 321199
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 461103
subject: Deep learning

description: This dataset, integral to our research in AI-enhanced dermatological diagnosis, presents a unique collection of uncurated dermoscopic images. It stands out as the first of its kind to include a wide range of skin lesion images, particularly from challenging and often overlooked areas like nails and mucosa. The dataset is specifically designed to aid in the development and testing of machine-learning models, in the field of skin cancer diagnostics. Accompanied by comprehensive metadata, these images provide an resource for research in dermatology, medical imaging, and artificial intelligence, contributing to the advancement of automated and accurate skin lesion analysis.
Comparing Reflection and Absorption Models for the Soft X-ray Variability in the NLS1 AGN UGC 11763
Creators: name: Jiang, Jiachen
name: Gallo, Luigi C.
name: Grupe, Dirk
name: Parker, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spectral analysis of two XMM-Newton observations of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy UGC 11763. UGC 11763 shows very different soft X-ray spectral shapes in the two observations separated by 12 years. Three spectral models are considered to explain the multi-epoch X-ray variability of UGC 11763, one based on the relativistic disc reflection model, one based on multiple partially-covering absorbers combined with the warm corona model, and a hybrid model. In the first model, the X-ray variability of UGC 11763 is caused by the emission from a compact coronal region with a variable size. The resulting disc reflection component changes accordingly. A warm absorption model with a modest column density is required in this model too. In the partially-covering absorption scenario, the X-ray variability of UGC 11763 is caused by the variable covering factors of two absorbers located within a region of $r<\approx100r_{\rm g}$. Moreover, the temperature and strength of the warm corona have to change significantly too to explain the variable underlying soft X-ray emission. Lastly, we investigate the possibility of variable intrinsic power-law emission from the hot corona combined with variable absorption in UGC 11763 without changing the geometry of the corona in the third model. This hybrid model provides a slightly better fit than the partially-covering absorption model with improvements in fitting the iron emission band. Current CCD-resolution data cannot distinguish these spectral models for UGC 11763. Future high-resolution X-ray missions, e.g. Athena and XRISM, will test them by resolving different spectral components.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Evidence of increased non-verbal behavioral signs of pain in adults with neurodevelopmental disorders and chronic self-injury
Creators: name: Breau, Lynn M.
name: McGrath, Patrick J.
name: Harper, Vicki N.
name: Symons, Frank J.
name: Bodfish, James W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The role of pain in relation to self-injurious behavior (SIB) among individuals with intellectual disabilities is not well understood. Some models of SIB are based on altered endogenous opioid system activity which could result in elevated pain thresholds. In this study, non-verbal behavioral signs indicative of pain as measured by the Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist (NCCPC) were compared between matched individuals with (N = 35) and without (N = 35) chronic self-injurious behavior (SIB) and neurodevelopmental disorders. Significant (p < 0.01) between group differences (SIB Group > Control Group) were found for the NCCPC Total Score, and for the Vocal, Social/Personality, and Eating/Sleeping subscales of the NCCPC. These results are not consistent with models of SIB in which pain sensitivity is assumed to be attenuated because of opioid system activity and are suggestive of intact and possibly amplified pain expression.
Low dimensional temporal organization of spontaneous eye blinks in adults with developmental disabilities and stereotyped movement disorder
Creators: name: Lewis, Mark H.
name: Bodfish, James W.
name: Newell, Karl M.
name: Lee, Mei-Hua
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This study investigated the mean rate and time-dependent sequential organization of spontaneous eye blinks in adults with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) and individuals from this group that were additionally categorized with stereotypic movement disorder (IDD+SMD). The mean blink rate was lower in the IDD+SMD group than the IDD group and both of these groups had a lower blink rate than a contrast group of healthy adults. In the IDD group the n to n+1 sequential organization over time of the eye blink durations showed a stronger compensatory organization than the contrast group suggesting decreased complexity/dimensionality of eye-blink behavior. Very low blink rate (and thus insufficient time series data) precluded analysis of time-dependent sequential properties in the IDD+SMD group. These findings support the hypothesis that both IDD and SMD are associated with a reduction in the dimension and adaptability of movement behavior and that this may serve as a risk factor for the expression of abnormal movements.