cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Violations of Bell's inequality for Gaussian states with homodyne detection and nonlinear interactions
Creators: name: Paternostro, M.
name: Jeong, H.
name: Ralph, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that homodyne measurements can be used to demonstrate violations of Bell's inequality with Gaussian states, when the local rotations used for these types of tests are implemented using nonlinear unitary operations. We reveal that the local structure of the Gaussian state under scrutiny is crucial in the performance of the test. The effects of finite detection efficiency is thoroughly studied and shown to only mildly affect the revelation of Bell violations. We speculate that our approach may be extended to other applications such as entanglement distillation where local operations are necessary elements besides quantum entanglement.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4; to appear in Phys. Rev. A
Relativity without tears
Creators: name: Silagadze, Z. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Special relativity is no longer a new revolutionary theory but a firmly established cornerstone of modern physics. The teaching of special relativity, however, still follows its presentation as it unfolded historically, trying to convince the audience of this teaching that Newtonian physics is natural but incorrect and special relativity is its paradoxical but correct amendment. I argue in this article in favor of logical instead of historical trend in teaching of relativity and that special relativity is neither paradoxical nor correct (in the absolute sense of the nineteenth century) but the most natural and expected description of the real space-time around us valid for all practical purposes. This last circumstance constitutes a profound mystery of modern physics better known as the cosmological constant problem.
description: 78 pages (format changed), 4 figures, LaTeX, typos corrected, references added
The Unruh effect and entanglement generation for accelerated atoms near a reflecting boundary
Creators: name: Zhang, Jialin
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, in the framework of open systems, the entanglement generation of two independent uniformly accelerated atoms in interaction with the vacuum fluctuations of massless scalar fields subjected to a reflecting plane boundary. We demonstrate that, with the presence of the boundary, the accelerated atoms exhibit distinct features from static ones in a thermal bath at the corresponding Unruh temperature in terms of the entanglement creation at the neighborhood of the initial time. In this sense, accelerated atoms in vacuum do not necessarily have to behave as if they were static in a thermal bath at the Unruh temperature.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Violation of Porod law in a freely cooling granular gas in one dimension
Creators: name: Shinde, Mahendra
name: Das, Dibyendu
name: Rajesh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of freely cooling inelastic granular gas in one dimension, with a restitution coefficient which approaches the elastic limit below a relative velocity scale v. While at early times (t << 1/v) the gas behaves as a completely inelastic sticky gas conforming to predictions of earlier studies, at late times (t >> 1/v) it exhibits a new fluctuation dominated phase ordering state. We find distinct scaling behavior for the (i) density distribution function, (ii) occupied and empty gap distribution functions, (iii) the density structure function and (iv) the velocity structure function, as compared to the completely inelastic sticky gas. The spatial structure functions (iii) and (iv) violate the Porod law. Within a mean-field approximation, the exponents describing the structure functions are related to those describing the spatial gap distribution functions.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Stellar Velocity Dispersion of the Leo A Dwarf Galaxy
Creators: name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Geller, Margaret J.
name: Kenyon, Scott J.
name: Kurtz, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the first stellar velocity dispersion of the Leo A dwarf galaxy, σ= 9.3 +- 1.3 km/s. We derive the velocity dispersion from the radial velocities of ten young B supergiants and two HII regions in the central region of Leo A. We estimate a projected mass of 8 +- 2.7 x10^7 solar masses within a radius of 2 arcmin, and a mass to light ratio of at least 20 +- 6 M_sun/L_sun. These results imply Leo A is at least ~80% dark matter by mass.
description: 6 pages, accepted to ApJ
The effect of oral arginine hydrochloride on growth hormone levels, body composition, performance and biochemical parameters in male recreational runners
Creators: name: Macintyre, James Gillis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Many athletes ingest amino acids in the belief that these supplements will result in increased serum growth hormone (GH) levels, with an attendant anabolic effect and improvements in athletic performance. In order to test these hypotheses twelve moderately fit (average V02max 51.2 ml/kg/min) male recreational runners (average age 30.3 years) in a steady state of training ingested 6.0 gm arginine hydrochloride (AA) or lactose placebo (P) daily over two 7 week periods in a double blind cross-over experimental design. Comprehensive anthropometric, physiological and biochemical tests were performed before, at the cross over, and after the administration of the drugs. Data on GH response, performance and body composition was analyzed by MANOVA, and repeated ANOVAs were used for the biochemical data. Although GH levels were increased by the AA, and the GH response to AA was greater than that to P, the increases did not reach statistical significance (p=0.13). The GH response to AA was negatively related to % body fat (r=-0.60, p<0.05) and positively related to maximal oxygen uptake (r=0.69, p<0.05). Oral AA administration did not result in any significant changes in body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, aerobic endurance, anaerobic capacity, strength, or biochemical or hematological parameters. Five of the subjects reported subjective improvements in training while taking the AA. Arginine hydrochloride ingestion was associated with no significant change in plasma immunoreactive or bioactive growth hormone levels in the 12 male recreational athletes tested. No significant negative or positive biochemical, hematological, strength, body composition or performance changes were documented.
EEG data for binocular color fusion and rivalry recognition.rar
Creators: name: Chen, Zaiqing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400899
subject: Electrical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: EEG data about binocular color fusion and rivalry. It recorded EEG data from 10 subjects who viewed binocular color fusion and rivalry stimulus images. To avoid the influence of other factors (especially external light), the whole experiments were conducted in a dark room. Subjects were required to minimize physical activity during the experiment to void the effect of electromyography (EMG) on the EEG data. Ten subjects were labeled S1-S10. S1-S8 completed one time of experiment. S9-S10 completed six times of experiments (labeled 1-6). Their experiments repeated 2 times in the morning, afternoon, and evening in three days. Each experiment collected 48 trail data. Each trail presented binocular color fusion and rivalry stimulus images twice. A total of 960 (=8 subjects × 48 trials+2 subjects × 48 trials ×6 times) trials were recorded.
ANTIMALARIAL MARINE ENDOPEROXIDES.
ISOLATION, SYNTHESIS, AND INVESTIGATION ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION.
Creators: name: Scala, Fernando
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: L’attività di ricerca portata avanti nel corso del triennio del Dottorato si è inserita nell’ambito di un progetto di ricerca già avviato e volto all’approfondimento dell’attività antimalarica della plakortina, una molecola a scheletro endoperossidico precedentemente isolata da una spugna caraibica, Plakortis simplex. In questo ambito,è stato innanzitutto approfondito il meccanismo d’azione di questa molecola attraverso calcoli computazionali ed analisi dei prodotti ottenuti in seguito a reazione con cloruro ferroso. Ne è risultato un modello farmacoforico per l’interazione della plakortina, e di altri 1,2-diossani correlati, con l’eme, successiva produzione di rdicali all’ossigeno ed al carbonio ed infine  interazione con il target. Questo modello è stato poi molto prezioso per guidare gli studi successivi ed interpretare i risultati ottenuti. In particolare, proprio sulla base di questo modello preliminare sono state progettate delle molecole a scheletro diossanico semplificato che mantenessero la possibilità di interagire con l’eme e produrre molecole tossiche per il plasmodio. E' stata quindi progettata e realizzata la sintesi di una serie di derivati endoperossidici proponendo uno schema sintetico semplice ed efficiente. Alcuni tra i prodotti ottenuti hanno mostrato un’ottima attività antimalarica in vitro e sono candidati alla sperimentazione in vivo su animali.
Accanto a questo lavoro sintetico è stato svolto, un classico lavoro di chimica delle sostanza naturali, volto all’isolamento di metaboliti ad attività antimalarica da fonti naturali. Dalla specie Plakortis sp. di origine indonesiana, sono stati estratti una serie di nuovi derivati perossichetalici correlati alla plakortina. La stereochimica di questi composti è stata determinata grazie alla preparazione di derivati semisintetici. La valutazione della loro attività farmacologica ha rivelato interessanti relazioni struttura-attività per questa classe di composti antimalarici.
Infine, nell’ambito dell’analisi chimica di organismi marini di origine Indonesiana,sono stati isolati e caratterizzati una serie di nuovi metaboliti secondari. In particolare, è stato isolato un nuovo derivato piridinico, denominato simplexidina, da Plakortis simplex ed un poliene acido, denominato acido aurantoico, da Theonella swinhoei. Sempre da questo organismo è stato isolato il nuovo sterolo deidroconicasterolo.
Tungsten boride shields in a spherical tokamak
Creators: name: Windsor, Colin G
name: Astbury, Jack O
name: Davidson, James
name: McFadzean, Charles J R
name: Morgan, J Guy
name: Wilson, Christopher
name: Humphry-Baker, Samuel A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The favourable properties of tungsten borides for shielding the central High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) core of a spherical tokamak fusion power plant are modelled using the MCNP code. The objectives are to minimize the power deposition into the cooled HTS core, and to keep HTS radiation damage to acceptable levels by limiting the neutron and gamma fluxes. The shield materials compared are W2B, WB, W2B5 and WB4 along with a reactively sintered boride B0.329C0.074Cr0.024Fe0.274W0.299, monolithic W and WC. Of all these W2B5 gave the most favourable results with a factor of ~10 or greater reduction in neutron flux and gamma energy deposition as compared to monolithic W. These results are compared with layered water-cooled shields, giving the result that the monolithic shields, with moderating boron, gave comparable neutron flux and power deposition, and (in the case of W2B5) even better performance. Good performance without water-coolant has advantages from a reactor safety perspective due to the risks associated with radio-activation of oxygen. 10B isotope concentrations between 0 and 100% are considered for the boride shields. The naturally occurring 20% fraction gave much lower energy depositions than the 0% fraction, but the improvement largely saturated beyond 40%. Thermophysical properties of the candidate materials are discussed, in particular the thermal strain. To our knowledge, the performance of W2B5 is unrivalled by other monolithic shielding materials. This is partly as its trigonal crystal structure gives it higher atomic density compared with other borides. It is also suggested that its high performance depends on it having just high enough 10B content to maintain a constant neutron energy spectrum across the shield.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Nuclear Fusion
Entropic Stochastic Resonance
Creators: name: Burada, P. S.
name: Schmid, G.
name: Reguera, D.
name: Vainstein, M. H.
name: Rubi, J. M.
name: Hanggi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel scheme for the appearance of Stochastic Resonance when the dynamics of a Brownian particle takes place in a confined medium. The presence of uneven boundaries, giving rise to an entropic contribution to the potential, may upon application of a periodic driving force result in an increase of the spectral amplification at an optimum value of the ambient noise level. This Entropic Stochastic Resonance (ESR), characteristic of small-scale systems, may constitute a useful mechanism for the manipulation and control of single-molecules and nano-devices.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Spectroscopy of the a^3Σ_u^+ state and the coupling to the X^1Σ_g^+ state of K_2
Creators: name: Pashov, A.
name: Popov, P.
name: Knöckel, H.
name: Tiemann, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high resolution Fourier-transform spectroscopy of fluorescence to the a^3Σ_u^+ state excited by two-photon or two-step excitation from the X^1Σ_g^+ state to the 2^3Π_g state in the molecule K_2. These spectroscopic data are combined with recent results of Feshbach resonances and two-color photoassociation spectra for deriving the potential curves of X^1Σ_g^+ and a^3Σ_u^+ up to the asymptote. The precise relative position of the triplet levels with respect of the singlet levels was achieved by including the excitation energies from the X^1Σ_g^+ state to the 2^3Π_g state and down to the a^3Σ_u^+ state in the simultaneous fit of both potentials. The derived precise potential curves allow for reliable modeling of cold collisions of pairs of potassium atoms in their ^2S ground state.
Risk Management and Supervision for Pension Funds: critical implementation of ALM Models
Creators: name: Gallo, Angela
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: Il lavoro presenta modelli di Asset and Liability Management sviluppati attraverso l'analisi per scenario applicati a diversi aspetti della gestione finanziaria dei fondi pensione e considerando i nuovi vincoli di vigilanza basati sul rischio imposti dalle Autorità di Vigilanza. Tali aspetti sono la gestione del rischio di cambio, la massimizzazione dell'indicizzazione all'inflazione delle loro passività e la valutazione delle politiche di conditional indexation interpretate come embedded option.
Spiky Strings on AdS(4) X CP**3
Creators: name: Lee, Bum-Hoon
name: Panigrahi, Kamal L.
name: Park, Chanyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a giant magnon and a spike solution for the string rotating on AdS(4) X CP**3 geometry. We consider rigid rotating fundamental string in the SU(2) X SU(2) sector inside the CP**3 and find out the general form of all the conserved charges. We find out the dispersion relation corresponding to both the known giant magnon and the new spike solutions. We further study the finite size correction in both cases.
description: 14 pages, version to appear in JHEP
Inflating Fat Bubbles in Clusters of Galaxies by Precessing Massive Slow Jets
Creators: name: Sternberg, Assaf
name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct hydrodynamical numerical simulations and find that precessing massive slow jets can inflate fat bubbles, i.e., more or less spherical bubbles, that are attached to the center of clusters of galaxies. To inflate a fat bubble the jet should precess fast. The precessing angle $θ$ should be large, or change over a large range $ 0 \le θ\le θ_{\max} \sim 30-70 ^\circ$ (depending also on other parameters), where $θ=0$ is the symmetry axis. The constraints on the velocity and mass outflow rate are similar to those on wide jets to inflate fat bubbles. The velocity should be $v_j \sim 10^4 \kms$, and the mass loss rate of the two jets should be $ 2 \dot M_j \simeq 1-50 \dot M_\odot \yr^{-1} $. These results, and our results from a previous paper dealing with slow wide jets, support the claim that a large fraction of the feedback heating in cooling flow clusters and in the processes of galaxy formation is done by slow massive jets.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Comunicazione, trasmissione e segni: le torri emittenti e riceventi
Creators: name: Vallefuoco, Angelo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: I manufatti architettonici ed ingegneristici delle torri di telecomunicazione è stato sviluppato attraverso uno studio finalizzato ad individuarne le origini, lo sviluppo e l’evoluzione avutosi nel secolo XIX in seguito alla diffusione dei nuovi mezzi radiotelegrafici e radiotelevisivi. I risultati della ricerca, oltre a sottolineare le diverse funzionalità che le varie torri andavano a ricoprire nel tempo e le diverse innovazioni tecnologiche, hanno condotto ad un’analisi evolutiva del di-segno che via via si è avuto con le torri di concezione più moderna degli architetti Foster e Calatrava.
Correlated Particle Motion and THz Spectral Response of Supercritical Water
Creators: name: Śmiechowsk, Maciej
name: Schran, Christoph
name: Forbert, Harald
name: Marx, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations of supercritical water reveal distinctly different distance-dependent modulations of dipolar response and correlations in particle motion compared to ambient conditions. The strongly perturbed H-bond network of water at supercritical conditions allows for considerable translational and rotational freedom of individual molecules. These changes give rise to substantially different infrared spectra and vibrational density of states at THz frequencies for densities above and below the Widom line that separates percolating liquid-like and clustered gas-like supercritical water.
Materiali compositi fibrorinforzati nel recupero degli edifici storici
Creators: name: Spiezia, Pasquale
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: La ricerca prende in esame le diverse fasi dell’intervento, dalla scelta del tipo di applicazione alla sua progettazione, realizzazione e controllo nel tempo, con lo scopo di fornire un contributo in relazione ai problemi connessi alla durabilità e reversibilità delle applicazioni nel lungo periodo.
U.S. Foreign Agricultural Trade: A Perspective
Creators: name: Tontz, Robert L.
name: Tontz, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: American farmers, nonfarm workers, and the general public have a significant stake in the foreign trade of U.S. agricultural products. Its value, measured by U.S. agricultural exports and imports, amounts to $10 billion a year. This two-way movement provides markets for the abundant U.S. production; necessitates adjustments to be more efficient and productive; furnishes jobs for people in financing, storing, shipping, and trading; permits higher living standards for consumers; and contributes to a stronger Free World. A periodic perspective of foreign trade is essential to appraise and to recommend useful modifications in U.S. agricultural trade policies and programs. This article attempts to provide this perspective. It discusses the long-term and short-term magnitude and related characteristics of U.S. agricultural exports and imports and analyzes the meaning of and shows recent trends in the U.S. agricultural trade balance.
description: Reprinted from Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States January 1965
Additional file 1 of Differences in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among symptomatic versus asymptomatic COVID-19-infected pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Khan, Durray Shahwar A.
name: Hamid, La-Raib
name: Ali, Anna
name: Salam, Rehana A.
name: Zuberi, Nadeem
name: Lassi, Zohra S.
name: Das, Jai K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1: PRISMA Checklist. Supplementary Table 2: Search Strategy. Supplementary Table 3: Overlapping studies. Supplementary Table 4: NHLBI Quality assessment tool for Cohort studies. Supplementary Table 5: NHBLI Quality Assessment tool for Case-control studies. Supplementary Table 6: NHLBI Quality assessment tool for case-series. Figure 1: Smoking. Figure 2: Co-morbidity. Figure 3: Obesity. Figure 4: Hypertension. Figure 5: Cardiovascular disease. Figure 6: Respiratory disease. Figure 7: Diabetes Mellitus. Figure 8: Hypothyroid. Figure 9: Cesarean Section. Figure 10: Vaginal Delivery. Figure 11: Preterm Birth
The effect of continuous and interval warm-up on post-exercise bronchoconstriction
Creators: name: McLuckie, Sandra Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Several elite and recreational athletes experience an increase in airway resistance following physical exertion. Warm-up prior to exercise has been suggested as a non-invasive means of reducing or eliminating this condition. To determine the effect of warm-up on post-exercise bronchoconstriction, twelve moderately trained exercise-induced asthmatics (age = 26.5 yrs; ht. = 169.2 cm; wt. = 64.3 kg; VO₂ max = 52.5ml.kg⁻¹ .min⁻¹; PC20 = 1.00 mg.ml⁻¹) were tested under three experimental conditions. Continuous warm-up (CW) consisted of 15 minutes of treadmill running at a velocity corresponding to 60% VO₂ max followed by an exercise-challenge test (ET= 6 minutes at 90% VO₂ max). The interval warm-up (IW) involved 8 x 30 second sprints at an intensity equivalent to 100% V0₂ max (1.5 minutes rest between sprints), followed by an ET. The no warm-up (NW) involved only the ET, and acted as the control. FEV₁⋅₀ , FVC, and MMEFR were measured via the Breon spirometer prior to warm-up (CW and IW), ET, and every 2 minutes during a 25 minute passive recovery period. Post-exercise bronchoconstriction was taken as the largest decrease in %FEV₁⋅₀, %FVC, and %MMEFR during the recovery period. Significant differences were detected in %FEV₁⋅₀ (34.6, 50.0, 30.0: p = 0.009); %FVC (16.7, 30.2, 10.7: p = 0.05); and %MMEFR ((29.7, 43.4, 21.0: p = 0.03), in comparing NW, CW, and IW, respectively. A Scheffe's test detected significance (p<0.05) between NW and CW for all 3 dependent variables. No significance between NW and IW or IW and CW occurred. This data indicates that a continuous warm-up of 15 minutes at 60% V0₂ max can significantly decrease post-exercise bronchoconstriction in moderately trained athletes.
Gereja, Kewirausahaan, dan Keadilan
Creators: name: Wijaya, Yahya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: entrepreneurship
church culture
social justice
Max Weber
justopreneurship

description: Sebuah tulisan tentang konsep kewirausahaan dan kompatibilitasnya dengan gereja dan komitmen terhadap keadilan
muon $g-2$ anomaly and $μ$-$τ$-philic Higgs doublet with a light CP-even component
Creators: name: Wang, Hong-Xin
name: Wang, Lei
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the possibilities of accommodating the muon $g-2$ anomaly reported by Fermilab in the 2HDM with a discrete $Z_4$ symmetry in which an inert Higgs doublet field ($H,~A,~H^\pm$) has the lepton flavor violation $μ$-$τ$ interactions. We study the case of light $H$ (5 GeV $
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.03227. text overlap with arXiv:1908.03755
Shot-noise detection of ultrasound-tagged photons in ultrasound-modulated optical imaging
Creators: name: Gross, Michel
name: Goy, Philippe
name: Al-Koussa, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new detection method for ultrasound-modulated optical tomography that allows us to perform parallel speckle detection with optimum shot-noise sensitivity, using a CCD camera. Moreover, we show that making use of a spatial filter system allows us to fully filter out speckle decorrelation noise. This method is confirmed by a test experiment
Duals of Feynman Integrals, I: Differential Equations
Creators: name: Caron-Huot, Simon
name: Pokraka, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elucidate the vector space (twisted relative cohomology) that is Poincaré dual to the vector space of Feynman integrals (twisted cohomology) in general spacetime dimension. The pairing between these spaces - an algebraic invariant called the intersection number - extracts integral coefficients for a minimal basis, bypassing the generation of integration-by-parts identities. Dual forms turn out to be much simpler than their Feynman counterparts: they are supported on maximal cuts of various sub-topologies (boundaries). Thus, they provide a systematic approach to generalized unitarity, the reconstruction of amplitudes from on-shell data. In this paper, we introduce the idea of dual forms and study their mathematical structures. As an application, we derive compact differential equations satisfied by arbitrary one-loop integrals in non-integer spacetime dimension. A second paper of this series will detail intersection pairings and their use to extract integral coefficients.
description: 45+14 pages, 7 figures
An Uncertainty-Aware Performance Measure for Multi-Object Tracking
Creators: name: Pinto, Juliano
name: Xia, Yuxuan
name: Svensson, Lennart
name: Wymeersch, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Evaluating the performance of multi-object tracking (MOT) methods is not straightforward, and existing performance measures fail to consider all the available uncertainty information in the MOT context. This can lead practitioners to select models which produce uncertainty estimates of lower quality, negatively impacting any downstream systems that rely on them. Additionally, most MOT performance measures have hyperparameters, which makes comparisons of different trackers less straightforward. We propose the use of the negative log-likelihood (NLL) of the multi-object posterior given the set of ground-truth objects as a performance measure. This measure takes into account all available uncertainty information in a sound mathematical manner without hyperparameters. We provide efficient algorithms for approximating the computation of the NLL for several common MOT algorithms, show that in some cases it decomposes and approximates the widely-used GOSPA metric, and provide several illustrative examples highlighting the advantages of the NLL in comparison to other MOT performance measures.
description: Accepted to IEEE Signal Processing Letters 2021
Single-mode lasers using parity-time-symmetric polarization eigenstates
Creators: name: Bisson, Jean-François
name: Nonguierma, Yves Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic mirrors are used to form a laser resonator exhibiting non-Hermitian, parity-time (PT) symmetric, polarization states. The relative angle of the two mirrors principal axes is used to control the degree of non-hermiticity. A sharp symmetry-breaking transition is observed at a specific angle, called the exceptional point, where the two states coalesce into a single polarization state and the interference pattern produced by counter-propagating (CP) waves vanishes. At a smaller angle, in the unbroken PT symmetry regime, the polarization state experiencing higher losses is suppressed. In the broken symmetry regime, the two polarization states coexist, but the orthogonality of the CP waves favors single longitudinal mode emission by suppressing the interference pattern of the standing wave. The two regimes meet at the exceptional point, where a unique polarization state exists in a resonator free from interference intensity pattern. Microchip PT-symmetric lasers operating at the exceptional point are thus an attractive solution to achieve single mode operation from a miniature monolithic device without any intra-cavity element.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures
Analytic Continuation of Spin foam Models
Creators: name: Han, Muxin
name: Liu, Hongguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lorentzian Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine/Freidel-Krasnov (EPRL/FK) spinfoam model and the Conrady-Hnybida (CH) timelike-surface extension can be expressed in the integral form $\int e^S$. This work studies the analytic continuation of the spinfoam action $S$ to the complexification of the integration domain. Our work extends our knowledge from the real critical points well-studied in the spinfoam large-$j$ asymptotics to general complex critical points of $S$ analytic continued to the complexified domain. The complex critical points satisfying critical equations of the analytic continued $S$. In the large-$j$ regime, the complex critical points give subdominant contributions to the spinfoam amplitude when the real critical points are present. But the contributions from the complex critical points can become dominant when the real critical point are absent. Moreover the contributions from the complex critical points cannot be neglected when the spins $j$ are not large. In this paper, we classify the complex critical points of the spinfoam amplitude, and find a subclass of complex critical points that can be interpreted as 4-dimensional simplicial geometries. In particular, we identify the complex critical points corresponding to the Riemannian simplicial geometries although we start with the Lorentzian spinfoam model. The contribution from these complex critical points of Riemannian geometry to the spinfoam amplitude give $e^{-S_{Regge}}$ in analogy with the Euclidean path integral, where $S_{Regge}$ is the Riemannian Regge action on simplicial complex.
description: 33 pages; This paper summarizes the results announced at Loops'19 Conference http://gravity.psu.edu/events/loops19/index-loops19.shtml
The academic wanderer: structure of collaboration network and relation with research performance
Creators: name: Paraskevopoulos, Pavlos
name: Boldrini, Chiara
name: Passarella, Andrea
name: Conti, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Thanks to the widespread availability of large-scale datasets on scholarly outputs, science itself has come under the microscope with the aim of capturing a quantitative understanding of its workings. In this study, we leverage well-established cognitive models coming from anthropology in order to characterise the personal network of collaborations between scientists, i.e., the network considered from the standpoint of each individual researcher (referred to as ego network), in terms of the cognitive investment they devote to the different collaborations. Building upon these models, we study the interplay between the structure of academic collaborations, academic performance, and academic mobility at different career stages. We take into account both purely academic mobility (i.e., the number of affiliation changes) and geographical mobility (i.e., physical relocations to different countries). For our investigation, we rely on a dataset comprising the geo-referenced publications of a group of 81,500 authors extracted from Scopus, one of the biggest repositories of academic knowledge. Our main finding is that there is a clear correlation between the structure of co-authorship ego networks and academic performance indices: the more one publishes and the higher their impact, the larger their collaboration network. However, we observe a capacity bound effect, whereby, beyond a certain point, higher performances become increasingly less correlated with large collaboration networks. We also find that international academic migrants are better at growing their networks than researchers that only migrate within the same country, but the latter seem to be better in exploiting their collaboration to achieve higher impact. High academic mobility does not appear to translate into better academic performance or larger collaboration networks.
description: This work was partially funded by SoBigData++ (871042) and HumanE-AI-Net (952026) projects, which received funding from the European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 program
A criterion-referenced approach to test construction in physical education
Creators: name: Brar, Surinder
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The primary purpose of this study was to apply criterion-referenced (CR) test construction procedures in the development of a Basic Fitness Theory Exam (BFTE) for the British Columbia Recreation Association-Fitness Branch as part of a registration model for Basic Fitness Leaders. The BFTE will be used to determine whether or not individuals have sufficient knowledge to be certified as fitness instructors in British Columbia. A secondary purpose was to provide a clear set of procedures for CR test development of Physical Education knowledge tests. The development of the BFTE consisted of a number of stages and involved three pilot tests. Pilot #1 consisted of 57 items and was administered to physical education students at The University of British Columbia (92 in Year I and 72 in Year II). After the results of the statistical analyses were presented to the Provincial Fitness Advisory Committee, 22 items were revised, 22 items were replaced, no items were deleted, 3 items were added, and 13 items were left unchanged. Pilot #2, consisting of 60 items, was administered to 94 instructed (upon completion of a 40 hour course) and 106 uninstructed (upon commencement of a 40 hour course) subjects. Again, comprehensive statistical analyses were performed and then the results were presented to the PFAC. In all, 15 items were deleted, one item was revised, and no items were added in constructing Pilot #3. Pilot #3, the final test, consists of 45 items and is presently being used in the British Columbia Recreation Association-Fitness Branch's registration model for the Basic Fitness Leader (Level I). The BFTE has a "pass" criterion of 70% (32 out of 45).
H2 formation on interstellar grains and the fate of reaction energy
Creators: name: Pantaleone, Stefano
name: Enrique-Romero, Joan
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Ferrero, Stefano
name: Balucani, Nadia
name: Rimola, Albert
name: Ugliengo, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecular species in the Universe. While no doubts exist that it is mainly formed on the interstellar dust grain surfaces, many details of this process remain poorly known. In this work, we focus on the fate of the energy released by the H$_2$ formation on the dust icy mantles, how it is partitioned between the substrate and the newly formed H$_2$, a process that has a profound impact on the interstellar medium. We carried out state-of-art \textit{ab-initio} molecular dynamics simulations of H$_2$ formation on periodic crystalline and amorphous ice surface models. Our calculations show that up to two thirds of the energy liberated in the reaction ($\sim$300 kJ/mol $\sim$3.1 eV) is absorbed by the ice in less than 1 ps. The remaining energy ($\sim$140 kJ/mol $\sim$1.5 eV) is kept by the newly born H$_2$. Since it is ten times larger than the H$_2$ binding energy on the ice, the new H$_2$ molecule will eventually be released into the gas-phase. The ice water molecules within $\sim$4 Å~from the reaction site acquire enough energy, between 3 and 14 kJ/mol (360--1560 K), to potentially liberate other frozen H$_2$ and, perhaps, frozen CO molecules. If confirmed, the latter process would solve the long standing conundrum of the presence of gaseous CO in molecular clouds. Finally, the vibrational state of the newly formed H$_2$ drops from highly excited states ($ν= 6$) to low ($ν\leq 2$) vibrational levels in a timescale of the order of ps.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures Submitted to ApJ (in press)
The bipartite development of men's and women's field hockey in Canada in the context of separate international hockey federations
Creators: name: McBryde, John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this thesis was to describe and explain the bipartite development of men's and women's field hockey in Canada. Because this could not be done in isolation from the context of separate international hockey federations, the thesis was presented in three parts. In the first part, the evolution of hockey internationally, including the formation of separate federations, was described. In the second part, an historical account of the development of field hockey in Canada was narrated. The third section described the complex international organizational structure, and the connection between development in Canada and the international context. Critical factors and pervading influences which shaped the course of development, both internationally and in Canada, were identified. The bipartite development of field hockey in Canada occurred in three phases. The initial phase represented the period following the foundation of an independent women's hockey association in England, a phenomenon which occurred at the same time as organized field hockey was introduced to Canada. An intermediate phase began when field hockey organizations in Canada first made contact with international federations. The final phase encompassed the years of considerable interaction between the Canadian associations and their international counterparts. The most significant factor in the creation of separate associations in Canada was the fact that the Canadian Field Hockey Association and the Canadian Women's Field Hockey Association were founded at a time when the international federations were proceeding not only independently, but with contrasting practices regarding affiliation and competition.
Efficiency of Agrobacterium transformation of pinene synthase gene isolated from kaffir lime in Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Bhawat Wongkhamprai, Kittiya Sangsavang
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2011
Subjects: essential oil, kaffir lime, pinene, Arabidopsis, Agrobacterium

description: 2, 4, Thai Journal of Genetics
Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic variation in hatchery populations of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (BLOCH, 1790)
Creators: name: Panom Krachangpoj Sodsuk
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2012
Subjects: Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, genetic variation, microsatellite

description: 2, 5, Thai Journal of Genetics
Allozyme-based analysis of genetic variation among 3 cultured stocks of snakehead fish, Channa striata (BLOCH, 1797)
Creators: name: Panom Krachangpoj Sodsuk
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2012
Subjects: genetic variation, allozyme, snake head fish (Channa striata)

description: 2, 5, Thai Journal of Genetics
Managing Cloud networking costs for data-intensive applications by provisioning dedicated network links
Creators: name: Sfiligoi, Igor
name: Hare, Michael
name: Schultz, David
name: Würthwein, Frank
name: Riedel, Benedikt
name: Hutton, Tom
name: Barnet, Steve
name: Brik, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many scientific high-throughput applications can benefit from the elastic nature of Cloud resources, especially when there is a need to reduce time to completion. Cost considerations are usually a major issue in such endeavors, with networking often a major component; for data-intensive applications, egress networking costs can exceed the compute costs. Dedicated network links provide a way to lower the networking costs, but they do add complexity. In this paper we provide a description of a 100 fp32 PFLOPS Cloud burst in support of IceCube production compute, that used Internet2 Cloud Connect service to provision several logically-dedicated network links from the three major Cloud providers, namely Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform, that in aggregate enabled approximately 100 Gbps egress capability to on-prem storage. It provides technical details about the provisioning process, the benefits and limitations of such a setup and an analysis of the costs incurred.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, to be published in proceedings of PEARC21
Code-switched inspired losses for generic spoken dialog representations
Creators: name: Chapuis, Emile
name: Colombo, Pierre
name: Labeau, Matthieu
name: Clavel, Chloe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spoken dialog systems need to be able to handle both multiple languages and multilinguality inside a conversation (\textit{e.g} in case of code-switching). In this work, we introduce new pretraining losses tailored to learn multilingual spoken dialog representations. The goal of these losses is to expose the model to code-switched language. To scale up training, we automatically build a pretraining corpus composed of multilingual conversations in five different languages (French, Italian, English, German and Spanish) from \texttt{OpenSubtitles}, a huge multilingual corpus composed of 24.3G tokens. We test the generic representations on \texttt{MIAM}, a new benchmark composed of five dialog act corpora on the same aforementioned languages as well as on two novel multilingual downstream tasks (\textit{i.e} multilingual mask utterance retrieval and multilingual inconsistency identification). Our experiments show that our new code switched-inspired losses achieve a better performance in both monolingual and multilingual settings.
Measurement of the $^{2}$H($p,γ$)$^{3}$He S-factor at 265-1094keV
Creators: name: Turkat, S.
name: Hammer, S.
name: Masha, E.
name: Akhmadaliev, S.
name: Bemmerer, D.
name: Grieger, M.
name: Hensel, T.
name: Julin, J.
name: Koppitz, M.
name: Ludwig, F.
name: Möckel, C.
name: Reinicke, S.
name: Schwengner, R.
name: Stöckel, K.
name: Szücs, T.
name: Wagner, L.
name: Zuber, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent astronomical data have provided the primordial deuterium abundance with percent precision. As a result, Big Bang nucleosynthesis may provide a constraint on the universal baryon to photon ratio that is as precise as, but independent from, analyses of the cosmic microwave background. However, such a constraint requires that the nuclear reaction rates governing the production and destruction of primordial deuterium are sufficiently well known. Here, a new measurement of the $^2$H($p,γ$)$^3$He cross section is reported. This nuclear reaction dominates the error on the predicted Big Bang deuterium abundance. A proton beam of 400-1650keV beam energy was incident on solid titanium deuteride targets, and the emitted $γ$-rays were detected in two high-purity germanium detectors at angles of 55$^\circ$ and 90$^\circ$, respectively. The deuterium content of the targets has been obtained in situ by the $^2$H($^3$He,$p$)$^4$He reaction and offline using the Elastic Recoil Detection method. The astrophysical S-factor has been determined at center of mass energies between 265 and 1094 keV, addressing the uppermost part of the relevant energy range for Big Bang nucleosynthesis and complementary to ongoing work at lower energies. The new data support a higher S-factor at Big Bang temperatures than previously assumed, reducing the predicted deuterium abundance.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables; to be published in Phys. Rev. C
Automatic Text Evaluation through the Lens of Wasserstein Barycenters
Creators: name: Colombo, Pierre
name: Staerman, Guillaume
name: Clavel, Chloe
name: Piantanida, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new metric \texttt{BaryScore} to evaluate text generation based on deep contextualized embeddings e.g., BERT, Roberta, ELMo) is introduced. This metric is motivated by a new framework relying on optimal transport tools, i.e., Wasserstein distance and barycenter. By modelling the layer output of deep contextualized embeddings as a probability distribution rather than by a vector embedding; this framework provides a natural way to aggregate the different outputs through the Wasserstein space topology. In addition, it provides theoretical grounds to our metric and offers an alternative to available solutions e.g., MoverScore and BertScore). Numerical evaluation is performed on four different tasks: machine translation, summarization, data2text generation and image captioning. Our results show that \texttt{BaryScore} outperforms other BERT based metrics and exhibits more consistent behaviour in particular for text summarization.