cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards Building the Federated GPT: Federated Instruction Tuning
Creators: Jianyi Zhang
Saeed Vahidian
Martin Kuo
Chunyuan Li
Ruiyi Zhang
Tong Yu
Yufan Zhou
Guoyin Wang
Yiran Chen
Publisher: name: IEEE Signal Processing Society
Year: 2024

description: While "instruction-tuned" generative large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to generalize to new tasks, the training phases heavily rely on large amounts of diverse and high-quality instruction data (such as ChatGPT and GPT-4). Unfortunately, acquiring high-quality instructions, especially when it comes to human-written instructions, can pose significant challenges both in terms of cost and accessibility. Moreover, concerns related to privacy can further limit access to such data, making the process of obtaining it a complex and nuanced undertaking. Consequently, this hinders the generality of the tuned models and may restrict their effectiveness in certain contexts. To tackle this issue, our study introduces a new approach called Federated Instruction Tuning (FedIT), which leverages federated learning (FL) as the learning framework for the instruction tuning of LLMs. This marks the first exploration of FL-based instruction tuning for LLMs. This is especially important since text data is predominantly generated by end users. For example, collecting extensive amounts of everyday user conversations in different languages can be a useful approach to improving the generalizability of LLMs, allowing them to generate authentic and natural responses. Therefore, it is imperative to design and adapt FL approaches to effectively leverage these users’ diverse instructions stored on local devices, while preserving privacy and ensuring data security. In the current paper, by conducting widely used GPT-4 auto-evaluation, we demonstrate that by exploiting the heterogeneous and diverse sets of instructions on the client’s end with the proposed framework FedIT, we improved the performance of LLMs compared to centralized training with only limited local instructions. Further, in this paper, we developed a Github repository named Shepherd. This repository offers a foundational framework for exploring federated fine-tuning of LLMs using heterogeneous instructions across diverse categories. The framework is designed for ease of use, adaptability, and scalability to accommodate large datasets. Additionally, it facilitates the seamless integration of novel algorithms and configurations, making it a convenient tool for researchers and practitioners in the NLP community.
Additional file 2: of Food safety labelling of chicken to prevent campylobacteriosis: consumer expectations and current practices
Creators: name: Allan, Philip
name: Palmer, Chloe
name: Chan, Fiona
name: Lyons, Rebecca
name: Nicholson, Olivia
name: Rose, Mitchell
name: Hales, Simon
name: Baker, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Survey form. (DOCX 85Â kb)
The status of the determination of $α(m_Z)$ and $α_s(m_z)$
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Tatsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I will discuss the current status of the determination of $α(m_Z)$ and $α_s(m_Z)$, emphasizing the pitfalls that one must avoid in performing statistical analyses.
description: 19 pages LATEX, 8 PS and EPS figures, uses ptptex.sty, ptpbs1.sty, ptpbs0.sty, wrapfig.sty, and epsfig.sty, Talk presented at the Yukawa International Seminar (YKIS) '95, "From the Standard Model to Grand Unified Theories", Kyoto, Japan, August 21-25, 1995
Curves in Banach spaces which allow a $C^2$ parametrization
Creators: name: Duda, Jakub
name: Zajicek, Ludek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26E20; 26A51; 53A04

description: We give a complete characterization of those $f: [0,1] \to X$ (where $X$ is a Banach space which admits an equivalent Fréchet smooth norm) which allow an equivalent $C^2$ parametrization. For $X=\R$, a characterization is well-known. However, even in the case $X=\R^2$, several quite new ideas are needed. Moreover, the very close case of parametrizations with a bounded second derivative is solved.
description: 22 pages; We split the original paper into two parts. This is the first part ($C^2$ paths), the second part (paths with finite convexity) will appear later
Sentiment Analysis on Financial News Headlines using Training Dataset Augmentation
Creators: name: John, Vineet
name: Vechtomova, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7
subject: 68T50

description: This paper discusses the approach taken by the UWaterloo team to arrive at a solution for the Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis problem posed by Task 5 of SemEval 2017. The paper describes the document vectorization and sentiment score prediction techniques used, as well as the design and implementation decisions taken while building the system for this task. The system uses text vectorization models, such as N-gram, TF-IDF and paragraph embeddings, coupled with regression model variants to predict the sentiment scores. Amongst the methods examined, unigrams and bigrams coupled with simple linear regression obtained the best baseline accuracy. The paper also explores data augmentation methods to supplement the training dataset. This system was designed for Subtask 2 (News Statements and Headlines).
description: 5 pages
Scirpus echinatus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Scirpus
Scirpus echinatus

description: Scirpus echinatus, spec. nov.
 16. Scirpus culmo triquetro nudo, umbella simplici, spicis ovatis. Fl. zeyl.38. *
 Cyperus floribus capitatis erectis pedunculatis. Gron. virg.12.
 Gramen Cyperoides americanum, spicis grandioribus oblongo-rotundis, sparganii in modum echinatis, ad summum caulem pediculis longis innitentibus. Pluk. alm. 179. t.91. f.4.
 Habitat in India utraque.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
A Pedagogical Intrinsic Approach to Relative Entropies as Potential Functions of Quantum Metrics: the $q$-$z$ Family
Creators: name: Ciaglia, Florio M.
name: Di Cosmo, Fabio
name: Laudato, Marco
name: Marmo, Giuseppe
name: Mele, Fabio M.
name: Ventriglia, Franco
name: Vitale, Patrizia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The so-called $q$-z-\textit{Rényi Relative Entropies} provide a huge two-parameter family of relative entropies which includes almost all well-known examples of quantum relative entropies for suitable values of the parameters. In this paper we consider a log-regularized version of this family and use it as a family of potential functions to generate covariant $(0,2)$ symmetric tensors on the space of invertible quantum states in finite dimensions. The geometric formalism developed here allows us to obtain the explicit expressions of such tensor fields in terms of a basis of globally defined differential forms on a suitable unfolding space without the need to introduce a specific set of coordinates. To make the reader acquainted with the intrinsic formalism introduced, we first perform the computation for the qubit case, and then, we extend the computation of the metric-like tensors to a generic $n$-level system. By suitably varying the parameters $q$ and $z$, we are able to recover well-known examples of quantum metric tensors that, in our treatment, appear written in terms of globally defined geometrical objects that do not depend on the coordinates system used. In particular, we obtain a coordinate-free expression for the von Neumann-Umegaki metric, for the Bures metric and for the Wigner-Yanase metric in the arbitrary $n$-level case.
description: 50 pages, 1 figure
Non-cosmological Signal Contributions to the COBE-DMR Four-Year Sky Maps
Creators: name: Banday, A. J.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Bennett, C. L.
name: Hinshaw, G.
name: Kogut, A.
name: Smoot, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We limit the possible contributions from non-cosmological sources to the COBE-DMR four-year sky maps. The DMR data are cross-correlated with maps of rich clusters, extragalactic IRAS sources, HEAO-1 A-2 X-ray emission and 5 GHz radio sources using a Fourier space technique. There is no evidence of significant contamination by such sources at an rms level of ~8 uK (95% confidence level at 7 degree resolution) in the most sensitive 53 GHz sky map. This level is consistent with previous limits set by analysis of earlier DMR data and by simple extrapolations from existing source models. We place a 95% confidence level rms limit on the Comptonization parameter averaged over the high-latitude sky of $δy\
description: 14 Pages LaTeX, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal (Letters)
Additional File 1:
Creators: name: Gill, Erin
name: Chan, Luisa
name: Winsor, Geoffrey
name: Dobson, Neil
name: Lo, Raymond
name: Sui, Shannan Ho
name: Bhavjinder Dhillon
name: Taylor, Patrick
name: Raunak Shrestha
name: Spencer, Cory
name: Hancock, Robert
name: Unrau, Peter
name: Brinkman, Fiona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary results, figures and methods. Figure S1. Measures of cleavage site motif category sequence member distance within and between categories. Figure S2A and B. Additional cleavage site motifs. Figure S3. While our data is more comprehensive, 86% of previously published transcription start sites lie within ±3 nt of our dRNA-Seq set. Figure S4. A Promoter motif associated with several virulence factors and two hypothetical proteins is highly similar to the RpoN binding motif. Figure S5. Small non-coding RNA gene expression in biofilms (A) and cells undergoing swarming motility (B) compared to expression in planktonic cells. Figure S6. Proposed polymerase dimer binding to a palindromic antiparallel TSS. Figure S7. Step by step construction of the pRNA-Seq library. Figure S8. Peak height threshold determination for generating cutoffs for site predictions (Transcription start sites (TSS) and RNA cleavage sites). Table S1A. SNPs found in our sequenced isolate of PAO1 cf. the reference strain. Table S1B. Indels found in our sequenced isolate of PAO1 vs. the reference strain. Table S2. The 240 most abundant transcripts from the RNA-Seq study of cells grown in LB at 37 °C. Table S3. Sequence motifs associated with cleavage sites. Table S4. p-values for promoters matching motif associated with virulence factors.Table S5A. Summary of predicted RpoN binding sites and adjacent downstream genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Table S5B. Function classes associated with genes downstream of predicted RpoN binding sites. Table S6. Fold change in RNA-Seq read density throughout the PAO1 genome. Table S7. Sequences of the oligonucleotides used in the preparation of the pRNA-Seq library. Table S8. Fitted slopes and intercepts for data from H = 1..100XX. Fit to G(H) = H0XS. Table S9. List of primers utilized for confirmation of sRNAs by RT-qPCR. The Perl script used for 5′ end trimming on library. (DOCX 1536 kb)
Groundstates of the Choquard equations with a sign-changing self-interaction potential
Creators: name: Battaglia, Luca
name: Van Schaftingen, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J47 (35C08, 35J50, 35Q40, 35Q55)

description: We consider a nonlinear Choquard equation $$ -Δu+u= (V * |u|^p )|u|^{p-2}u \qquad \text{in }\mathbb{R}^N, $$ when the self-interaction potential $V$ is unbounded from below. Under some assumptions on $V$ and on $p$, covering $p =2$ and $V$ being the one- or two-dimensional Newton kernel, we prove the existence of a nontrivial groundstate solution $u\in H^1 (\mathbb{R}^N)\setminus\{0\}$ by solving a relaxed problem by a constrained minimization and then proving the convergence of the relaxed solutions to a groundstate of the original equation.
description: 16 pages
Scirpus retrofractus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Scirpus
Scirpus retrofractus

description: Scirpus retrofractus, spec. nov.
17. Scirpus culmo triquetro, umbella simplici: spicarum flosculis retrofractis.
 Cyperi genus indianum, panicula speciosa, spiculis propendentibus atris. Pluk. phyt. 415. f.4.
 Habitat in Virginia . ♃
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
On Q-conic bundles
Creators: name: Mori, Shigefumi
name: Prokhorov, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J30, 14E35, 14E30

description: A $\mathbb Q$-conic bundle is a proper morphism from a threefold with only terminal singularities to a normal surface such that fibers are connected and the anti-canonical divisor is relatively ample. We study the structure of $\mathbb Q$-conic bundles near their singular fibers. One corollary to our main results is that the base surface of every $\mathbb Q$-conic bundle has only Du Val singularities of type A (a positive solution of a conjecture by Iskovskikh). We obtain the complete classification of $\mathbb Q$-conic bundles under the additional assumption that the singular fiber is irreducible and the base surface is singular.
description: 54 pages, LaTeX
Gauge-boson scattering signals at the LHC
Creators: name: Gupta, Suraj N.
name: Johnson, James M.
name: Ladinsky, Glenn A.
name: Repko, Wayne W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have extended our earlier treatment of the gauge-boson scattering with radiative corrections in the standard model at supercollider energies, and computed the rates for gauge-boson scattering modes in $pp$ collisions leading to the final states $W^+W^-$, $ZZ(4l)$, $ZZ(2l2ν)$, $W^\pm Z$, and $W^\pm W^\pm $. Our results at the LHC \hbox{energy} of $\sqrt{s}=14$~TeV for $m_H=1000$~GeV are compared with those recently obtained by Bagger {\it et al.} These results will be useful in the search for the Higgs bosons at supercollider energies as well as for experimentally distinguishing the standard model from non-minimal Higgs models.
description: 10 pages, 10 postscript figures, uses epsf.sty, to appear in Physical Review D
RMS Anisotropy in the COBE-DMR Four-Year Sky Maps
Creators: name: Banday, A. J.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Bennett, C. L.
name: Hinshaw, G.
name: Kogut, A.
name: Lineweaver, C.
name: Smoot, G. F.
name: Tenorio, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sky-RMS is the simplest model-independent characterization of a cosmological anisotropy signal. The RMS temperature fluctuations determined from the $COBE$-DMR four-year sky maps are frequency independent, consistent with the hypothesis that they are cosmological in origin, with a typical amplitude at 7 degrees of ~ 35 \pm\ 2 uK and at 10 degrees of ~29 \pm\ 1 uK. A joint analysis of the 7 deg and 10 deg "cross"-RMS derived from the data in both Galactic and Ecliptic coordinates is used to determine the RMS quadrupole normalization, $Q_{rms-PS}$, for a scale-invariant Harrison-Zel'dovich power law model. The difference in the inferred normalizations either including or excluding the quadrupole is a consequence of the sensitivity of the method to the Galaxy contaminated observed sky quadrupole. Whilst there are variations depending on the data selection, all results are consistent with an inferred \qrms\ normalization of ~18 \pm\ 2 uK.
description: 14 pages, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal (Letters)
Scirpus ferrugineus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Scirpus
Scirpus ferrugineus

description: Scirpus ferrugineus, spec. nov.
18. Scirpus culmo triquetro subnudo, pedunculis nudis numerosis, spicis ovatis solitariis.
 Cyperus culmo triquetro nudo, panicula diphylla, pedunculis quibusdam subdivisis, spicis ovatis solitariis. Roy. lugdb.50.
 Gramen Cyperoides majus spicis ex oblongo-rotundis compactis ferrugineis. Sloan. jam. 36. hist.1. p.36. t.77. f.2.
 Habitat in Jamaicae paludibus maritimis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
The $c \to u γ$ Contribution to Weak Radiative Charm Decay
Creators: name: Greub, Christoph
name: Hurth, Tobias
name: Misiak, Mikolaj
name: Wyler, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $c \to u γ$ transition does not occur at the tree level in the Standard Model and is strongly GIM-suppressed at one loop. The leading QCD logarithms are known to enhance the amplitude by two orders of magnitude. We point out that the amplitude increases further by two orders of magnitude after including the complete 2-loop QCD contributions. Nevertheless, $ΔS =0$ radiative decays of charmed hadrons remain dominated by the $c \to d \bar{d} u γ$ and $c \to s \bar{s} u γ$ quark subprocesses.
description: Mistake in the negligible one-loop contribution corrected
ProbeSim: Scalable Single-Source and Top-k SimRank Computations on Dynamic Graphs
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Zheng, Bolong
name: He, Xiaodong
name: Wei, Zhewei
name: Xiao, Xiaokui
name: Zheng, Kai
name: Lu, Jiaheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Single-source and top-$k$ SimRank queries are two important types of similarity search in graphs with numerous applications in web mining, social network analysis, spam detection, etc. A plethora of techniques have been proposed for these two types of queries, but very few can efficiently support similarity search over large dynamic graphs, due to either significant preprocessing time or large space overheads. This paper presents ProbeSim, an index-free algorithm for single-source and top-$k$ SimRank queries that provides a non-trivial theoretical guarantee in the absolute error of query results. ProbeSim estimates SimRank similarities without precomputing any indexing structures, and thus can naturally support real-time SimRank queries on dynamic graphs. Besides the theoretical guarantee, ProbeSim also offers satisfying practical efficiency and effectiveness due to several non-trivial optimizations. We conduct extensive experiments on a number of benchmark datasets, which demonstrate that our solutions significantly outperform the existing methods in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Notably, our experiments include the first empirical study that evaluates the effectiveness of SimRank algorithms on graphs with billion edges, using the idea of pooling.
description: 15 pages
Neural Natural Language Inference Models Enhanced with External Knowledge
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: Zhu, Xiaodan
name: Ling, Zhen-Hua
name: Inkpen, Diana
name: Wei, Si
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modeling natural language inference is a very challenging task. With the availability of large annotated data, it has recently become feasible to train complex models such as neural-network-based inference models, which have shown to achieve the state-of-the-art performance. Although there exist relatively large annotated data, can machines learn all knowledge needed to perform natural language inference (NLI) from these data? If not, how can neural-network-based NLI models benefit from external knowledge and how to build NLI models to leverage it? In this paper, we enrich the state-of-the-art neural natural language inference models with external knowledge. We demonstrate that the proposed models improve neural NLI models to achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the SNLI and MultiNLI datasets.
description: Accepted by ACL 2018
Additional file 1: of Effects of Dangguixu-san on acute lateral ankle sprain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Kim, Jae-Hong
name: Eun-Yong Lee
name: Myung-Rae Cho
name: Cham-Kyul Lee
name: Cho, Ji-Hyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: SPIRIT Checklist. (DOCX 367 kb)
Generalized Pauli constraints in small atoms
Creators: name: Schilling, Christian
name: Altunbulak, Murat
name: Knecht, Stefan
name: Lopes, Alexandre
name: Whitfield, James D.
name: Christandl, Matthias
name: Gross, David
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The natural occupation numbers of fermionic systems are subject to non-trivial constraints, which include and extend the original Pauli principle. A recent mathematical breakthrough has clarified their mathematical structure and has opened up the possibility of a systematic analysis. Early investigations have found evidence that these constraints are exactly saturated in several physically relevant systems, e.g., in a certain electronic state of the Beryllium atom. It has been suggested that in such cases, the constraints, rather than the details of the Hamiltonian, dictate the system's qualitative behaviour. Here, we revisit this question with state-of-the-art numerical methods for small atoms. We find that the constraints are, in fact, not exactly saturated, but that they lie much closer to the surface defined by the constraints than the geometry of the problem would suggest. While the results seem incompatible with the statement that the generalized Pauli constraints drive the behaviour of these systems, they suggest that the qualitatively correct wave-function expansions can in some systems already be obtained on the basis of a limited number of Slater determinants, which is in line with numerical evidence from quantum chemistry.
description: published version
РАДИОЛОГИК ТАСВИРЛАРГА ВЕЙВЛЕТЛАР ЁРДАМИДА РАҚАМЛИ ИШЛОВ БЕРИШ
Creators: name: Жураев, Умид
name: Абдурахимов, Донёр
name: Расулова, Феруза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ушбу ишда Добеши вейвлет усулларида тасвирларга рақамли ишлов бериш амалга оширилди. Добеши вейвлет ўзгартиришидан фойдаланиб тасвирдаги шовқинларни тозалаш, сифатини яхшилаш, тасвирни сиқиш орқали ҳажмини камайтиришга эришилди.
Calibration and Systematic Error Analysis For the COBE-DMR Four-Year Sky Maps
Creators: name: Kogut, A.
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Bennett, C. L.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Hinshaw, G.
name: Jackson, P. D.
name: Keegstra, P.
name: Lineweaver, C.
name: Smoot, G. F.
name: Tenorio, L.
name: Wright, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) instrument aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) has mapped the full microwave sky to mean sensitivity 26 uK per 7 deg field of view. The absolute calibration is determined to 0.7% with drifts smaller than 0.2% per year. We have analyzed both the raw differential data and the pixelized sky maps for evidence of contaminating sources such as solar system foregrounds, instrumental susceptibilities, and artifacts from data recovery and processing. Most systematic effects couple only weakly to the sky maps. The largest uncertainties in the maps result from the instrument susceptibility to the Earth's magnetic field, microwave emission from the Earth, and upper limits to potential effects at the spacecraft spin period. Systematic effects in the maps are small compared to either the noise or the celestial signal: the 95% confidence upper limit for the pixel-pixel rms from all identified systematics is less than 6 uK in the worst channel. A power spectrum analysis of the (A-B)/2 difference maps shows no evidence for additional undetected systematic effects.
description: 47 pages including 13 encapsulated PostScript figures. Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
Small households’ efficiency in typical steppe in Inner Mongolia
Creators: name: Li, Ping
name: Behrendt, Karl
name: Li, Ping
name: Behrendt, Karl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: small household
subject: livestock productivity
subject: typical steppe
subject: stocking rate

description: Livestock production has increased in Inner Mongolia, China, despite widespread documentation of grassland degradation. To begin investigating the relationship that produces these trends, we studied farm level decisions of herder households. We estimated herders’ household economic efficiency in typical steppe in Inner Mongolia in 2009 and 2014 using household survey data. During this 5-year period, herders’ operating cash margins decreased, but not significantly. However, their enterprise trading profit, enterprise gross margin, operating profit, net profit, and return on sheep unit all increased significantly. The correlation between stocking rate and the economic variables were all significant, except cash margin and return on sheep unit. The ANOVA analysis showed that as the stocking rate increased, the return per sheep unit increased first and then decreased, although the return per hectare grassland kept increasing.
Evaluating tree structure and biomass of city parks using lasers: a case study in Ghent, Belgium.
Creators: name: D'hont, Barbara
name: Calders, Kim
name: Verhelst, Tom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Presentation held at the "European Forum on Urban Forestry 2023 (EFUF 2023), Krakow, 24-26 May 2023.
Scirpus spadiceus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Scirpus
Scirpus spadiceus

description: Scirpus spadiceus, spec. nov.
19. Scirpus culmo triquetro nudo, umbella subnuda, spicis oblongis sessilibus terminalibusque.
 Scirpus culmo triquetro nudo, panicula laxa, spicis alternis subsessilibus, pedunculis longis terminalibus. Gron. virg. 132.
 Gramen Cyperoides majus aquaticum, paniculis plurimis junceis sparsis, spicis ex oblongo-rotundis spadiceis. Sloan. jam. 36. hist.1. p.118. t.76. f.2.
 Habitat in Jamaicae fluviis.    * * * * Culmo triquetro panicula foliacea.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Pew Research Center: Teens March 2015
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Cell phone and computer ownership (5); social media usage (3); access the internet on mobile devices (1); how many of your child's friends have you met in person (1); child's time with opposite gender friends (1); child has a romantic partner (2); child cellphone (1); child social media use (2); friends with child on Facebook (1); follow child on twitter (1); connected with child on other social media (1); best way to reach child quickly (1); know passwords for child's accounts (3); parental control of child's internet and cell use (8); discussions with child about appropriate online and real life behavior (5); internet use (2); access to electronic devices (5); average texts per day (1); online or cell phone activities (5); social media use (13); connections on social media sites (3); overlap between social media sites (1); share contact information with new friends (3); new friends online (3); time spent interacting with friends (9); play video games with other people (8); closest friend in your life (13); feelings about social media (12); shared passwords (2); negative experiences online (4); romantic relationships (3); online romantic relationships (12); looked for information online about someone you were dating or might want to date (3); how would you ask someone on a date (1); how often do you spend time with romantic partner (9); shared information online with romantic partner (10); how frequently do you expect to interact with partner (2); social media effect on romantic relationships (9); social media use in romantic relationships (8); breaking up through different methods (28); unethical or abusive behaviors on social media in romantic relationships (22); sex (1); gay or lesbian (1); transgender (1); anyone in room who watched or helped you take survey (1).
Scirpus maritimus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Scirpus
Scirpus maritimus

description: Scirpus maritimus, spec. nov.
 20. Scirpus culmo triquetro, panicula conglobata foliacea, spicularum squamis trifidis: intermedia subulata. Fl. suec. 39. Dalib. paris.15.
 Cyperus culmo triquetro, panicula foliacea, pedunculis simplissimis, spicis confertis. Roy. lugdb.50.
 Cyperus panicula subsessili, capitulis subovatis. Guett. stamp.2. p.414.
 Cyperus rotundus inodorus germanicus. Bauh. pin. 14. theatr. 215.
 β. Cyperus rotundus inodorus anglicus. Bauh. pin. 14.
 γ. Cyperus panicula compacta e spicis teretibus crassioribus composita. Scheuch. hist. 400.
 δ. Gramen Cyperoides panicula sparsa majus. Bauh. pin.6.
 ε. Scirpo-Cyperus palustris, radice repente nodosa inodora, panicula sparsa, capitulis majoribus. Mich. gen.48.
 Habitat in Europae litoribus maritimis. ♃
 Anatome partium fructificationis conjunctionem β. γ. δ. ε. jussit.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Single-shot multispectral imaging with a monochromatic camera
Creators: name: Sahoo, Sujit Kumar
name: Tang, Dongliang
name: Dang, Cuong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Multispectral imaging plays an important role in many applications from astronomical imaging, earth observation to biomedical imaging. However, the current technologies are complex with multiple alignment-sensitive components, predetermined spatial and spectral parameters by manufactures. Here, we demonstrate a single-shot multispectral imaging technique that gives flexibility to end-users with a very simple optical setup, thank to spatial correlation and spectral decorrelation of speckle patterns. These seemingly random speckle patterns are point spreading functions (PSFs) generated by light from point sources propagating through a strongly scattering medium. The spatial correlation of PSFs allows image recovery with deconvolution techniques, while the spectral decorrelation allows them to play the role of tune-able spectral filters in the deconvolution process. Our demonstrations utilizing optical physics of strongly scattering media and computational imaging present the most cost-effective approach for multispectral imaging with great advantages.
CP symmetry and fermion masses in O(10) grand unification models
Creators: name: Wu, Dan-di
name: Wu, Yue-liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: O(10) grand unification models which do not necessarily have an extra global symmetry are discussed, taking the model with one 10-plet in the Yukawa sector as an example. A strong correlation between mass ratios and CP is found. The mass relation $m_t/m_b=v_u/v_d$ is recovered when $G_W=0$; and another special relation $m_t/m_b=G_E/G_W$ appears when $v_d=0$, where $G_{E,W}$ are Yukawa coupling constants and $v_{u,d}$ are VEVs. To facilitate this discussion, a set of $O(10)$ $γ$- matrices is offered based on a physical representation of the spinors and that of the vector of the $SO(10)$ group. Flavor changing neutral currents in such models are also discussed.
description: 17 pages, Latex file
Diameter evolution of selective area grown Ga-assisted GaAs nanowires
Creators: name: Küpers, Hanno
name: Lewis, Ryan B.
name: Tahraoui, Abbes
name: Matalla, Mathias
name: Krüger, Olaf
name: Bastiman, Faebian
name: Riechert, Henning
name: Geelhaar, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel two-step approach for the selective area growth (SAG) of GaAs nanowires (NWs) by molecular beam epitaxy which has enabled a detailed exploration of the NW diameter evolution. In the first step, the growth parameters are optimized for the nucleation of vertically-oriented NWs. In the second step, the growth parameters are chosen to optimize the NW shape, allowing NWs with a thin diameter (45 nm) and an untapered morphology to be realized. This result is in contrast to the commonly observed thick, inversely tapered shape of SAG NWs. We quantify the flux dependence of radial vapour-solid (VS) growth and build a model that takes into account diffusion on the NW sidewalls to explain the observed VS growth rates. Combining this model for the radial VS growth with an existing model for the droplet dynamics at the NW top, we achieve full understanding of the diameter of NWs over their entire length and the evolution of the diameter and tapering during growth. We conclude that only the combination of droplet dynamics and VS growth results in an untapered morphology. This result enables NW shape engineering and has important implications for doping of NWs.
Scirpus lithospermus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Scirpus
Scirpus lithospermus

description: Scirpus lithospermus, spec. nov.
21. Scirpus culmo triquetro folioso, panicula foliacea, seminibus osseis.
 Kaden-pullu. Rheed. mal. 12. p.89. t.48.
 Habitat in India .
 Culmus nudus, triqueter, crassitie fili. Panicula simplex; ramulis alternis. Folium sub panicula ejusdem longitudinis. Spicae parvae, ovatae, subjecto Folio setaceo vix spica longiore. Semina magna, nivea; subovata nitida, nuda, prominentia, diversissima a Cypero maximo americano, lithospermi semine. Moris. hist.3. p.237. s.8. t.11. f.16.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Additional file 1: of Applying interprofessional Team-Based Learning in patient safety: a pilot evaluation study
Creators: name: Lochner, Lukas
name: Girardi, Sandra
name: Pavcovich, Alessandra
name: Horand Meier
name: Mantovan, Franco
name: Ausserhofer, Dietmar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Patient safety sample case scenario. Example of a patient safety case scenario that was used during Team-Based Learning activities in the classroom. (PDF 153Â kb)
Observation of two-beam collective scattering phenomena in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Dimitrova, Ivana
name: Lunden, William
name: Amato-Grill, Jesse
name: Jepsen, Niklas
name: Yu, Yichao
name: Messer, Michael
name: Rigaldo, Thomas
name: Puentes, Graciana
name: Weld, David
name: Ketterle, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New phenomena of collective light scattering are observed when an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate is pumped by two non-interfering beams counterpropagating along its long axis. In the limit of small Rayleigh scattering rates, the presence of a second pump beam suppresses superradiance, whereas at large Rayleigh scattering rates it lowers the effective threshold power for collective light scattering. In the latter regime, the quench dynamics of the two-beam system are oscillatory, compared to monotonic in the single-beam case. In addition, the dependence on power, detuning, and atom number is explored. The observed features of the two-beam system qualitatively agree with the recent prediction of a supersolid crystalline phase of light and matter at large Rayleigh scattering rates [S. Ostermann, F. Piazza, and H. Ritsch, Phys. Rev. X 6, 021026 (2016).]
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Syntax Augmented Machine Translation via Chart Parsing
Creators: name: Zollmann, Andreas
name: Venugopal, Ashish
Publisher: name: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Year: 2006

description: We present translation results on the shared task ”Exploiting Parallel Texts for Statistical Machine Translation” generated by a chart parsing decoder operating on phrase tables augmented and generalized with target language syntactic categories. We use a target language parser to generate parse trees for each sentence on the target side of the bilingual training corpus, matching them with phrase table lattices built for the corresponding source sentence. Considering phrases that correspond to syntactic categories in the parse trees we develop techniques to augment (declare a syntactically motivated category for a phrase pair) and generalize (form mixed terminal and nonterminal phrases) the phrase table into a synchronous bilingual grammar. We present results on the French-to-English task for this workshop, representing significant improvements over the workshop’s baseline system. Our translation system is available open-source under the GNU General Public License.
4-Year COBE DMR Cosmic Microwave Background Observations: Maps and Basic Results
Creators: name: Bennett, C. L.
name: Banday, A.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Hinshaw, G.
name: Jackson, P.
name: Keegstra, P.
name: Kogut, A.
name: Smoot, G. F.
name: Wilkinson, D. T.
name: Wright, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic microwave background radiation provides unique constraints on cosmological models. In this Letter we present a summary of the spatial properties of the cosmic microwave background radiation based on the full 4 years of COBE DMR observations, as detailed in a set of companion Letters. The anisotropy is consistent with a scale-invariant power law model and Gaussian statistics. With full use of the multi-frequency 4-year DMR data, including our estimate of the effects of Galactic emission, we find a power-law spectral index of $n=1.2\pm 0.3$ and a quadrupole normalization $Q_{rms-PS}=15.3^{+3.8}_{-2.8}$ $μ$K. For $n=1$ the best-fit normalization is $Q_{rms-PS}\vert_{n=1}=18\pm 1.6$ $μ$K. These values are consistent with both our previous 1-year and 2-year results. The results include use of the $\ell=2$ quadrupole term; exclusion of this term gives consistent results, but with larger uncertainties. The 4-year sky maps, presented in this Letter, portray an accurate overall visual impression of the anisotropy since the signal-to-noise ratio is ~2 per 10 degree sky map patch. The improved signal-to-noise ratio of the 4-year maps also allows for improvements in Galactic modeling and limits on non-Gaussian statistics.
description: 11 pages plus 2 PostScript figures. Figures 2 and 4 are not included, but are available upon request to bennett@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov. Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal (Letters)
Synthetic clock transitions via continuous dynamical decoupling
Creators: name: Trypogeorgos, D.
name: Valdés-Curiel, A.
name: Lundblad, N.
name: Spielman, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decoherence of quantum systems due to uncontrolled fluctuations of the environment presents fundamental obstacles in quantum science. `Clock' transitions which are insensitive to such fluctuations are used to improve coherence, however, they are not present in all systems or for arbitrary system parameters. Here, we create a trio of synthetic clock transitions using continuous dynamical decoupling in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in which we observe a reduction of sensitivity to magnetic field noise of up to four orders of magnitude; this work complements the parallel work by Anderson et al. (submitted, 2017). In addition, using a concatenated scheme, we demonstrate suppression of sensitivity to fluctuations in our control fields. These field-insensitive states represent an ideal foundation for the next generation of cold atom experiments focused on fragile many-body phases relevant to quantum magnetism, artificial gauge fields, and topological matter.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental materials
Scirpus sylvaticus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Scirpus
Scirpus sylvaticus

description: Scirpus sylvaticus, spec. nov.
 22. Scirpus culmo triquetro folioso, umbella foliacea, pedunculis nudis supra-decompositis, spicis confertis. Fl. suec. 38. Dalib. paris.15.
 Cyperus culmo triquetro, panicula foliosa, pedunculis 52 nudis supra-decompositis, spicis confertis. Roy. lugdb. 49.
 Gramen cyperoides miliaceum. Bauh. pin.6.
 Gramen arundinaceum, foliis acutissimis, panicula multiplici, cyperi facie. Loef. pruss. 119. t.33.
 Habitat in Europae sylvis. ♃
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Additional file 1: of Trauma facilities in Denmark - a nationwide cross-sectional benchmark study of facilities and trauma care organisation
Creators: name: Weile, Jesper
name: Nielsen, Klaus
name: Primdahl, Stine
name: Frederiksen, Christian
name: Laursen, Christian
name: Sloth, Erik
name: MĂ¸Lgaard, Ole
name: Knudsen, Lars
name: Kirkegaard, Hans
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Appendix. (DOCX 26 kb)
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SULBACTAM, DURLOBACTAM BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Creators: name: Gadipally Saikiran*, Basa.Mounika, Dr.D.Venkata Ramana, Koppu Udaya Bhanu Sri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: A simple, specific, precise, and efficient method for the Simultaneous estimation of Sulbactam and Durlobactam in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms by a Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography method is developed and validated. Selected mobile phase were in a combination of Acetonitrile and Acetate buffer (pH-4.3) (35:65% v/v). Optimized column is a Develosil C18 (4.6mm×250mm) 5µm particle size and at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min with detection wavelength at 238nm for Sulbactam and Durlobactam. In our study, the validation of analytical method for determination of Sulbactam and Durlobactam in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms was performed in accordance the parameters including-system suitability, specificity, linearity of response, accuracy, precision (reproducibility & repeatability), robustness (change of wave length±2 nm). The method is validated according to ICH guidelines. In RP-HPLC method, the calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range of 10-30μg/ml for Sulbactam and 30-90μg/ml for Durlobactam with percentage recoveries are within the limits. The results obtained by RP-HPLC methods are rapid, accurate and precise. Therefore, proposed method can be used for routine analysis of Sulbactam and Durlobactam in the pure form as well as in combined pharmaceutical dosage form.

Keywords: Sulbactam and Durlobactam, HPLC, Method Development, Validation.