"World's oldest lunar calendar" - Mesolithic Lunar Warren Fields Calendar vs Solar Calendar of Neolithic Stonehenge & Irish Newgrange -  Selective Attention - Filter - "a" key to personalities, politics & religion: William James, Iain McGilChrist, J Bargh, + Mannheim Model (value laden ideology)
Creators: name: E Peck Jr, Charles
Publisher: name: academia.edu
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Attention (Title)
subject: Center for World Indigenous Studies
subject: Blaan (Philippine people)
subject: Filipino Americans--Psychology
subject: Filipinos
subject: University of Pittsburgh. Dept. of Anthropology
subject: Society for Applied Anthropology
subject: India. Dept. of Archaeology
subject: England--Stonehenge
subject: Scottish Americans
subject: Irish studies
subject: Stone worship
subject: Association for Humanistic Psychology
subject: Existential psychology--History

description: Selective Attention - Filter: W James, J Bargh, Mannheim, & Social Roles
1.	"Selective attention," also called "selectivity bias"—the tendency to orient oneself toward and process information from only one part of our environment to the exclusion of other parts, no matter how obvious those parts may be."  David DiSalvo 
2.	"Tell me to what you pay attention and I will tell you who you are!" - Ortega y Gasset, a 20th century Spanish philosopher, who introduced existentialism and perspectivism to Latin American philosophy.
3.	Attention may sound dull, but it is an essential aspect of consciousness. In fact, it governs what it is that we turn out to be conscious of, and therefore plays a part in the coming into being of whatever exists for us "We bring about a world in consciousness that is partly what is given, and partly what we bring, something that comes into being through this particular conjunction and no other. And the key to this is the kind of attention we pay to the world."  Iain McGilchrist
4.	Neuroscience & Selectivity: "It is argued that selectivity in processing has emerged through evolution as a design feature of a complex multi-channel sensorimotor system, which generates selective phenomena of "attention" as one of many by-products." Hommel, Bernhard, Craig S. Chapman, Paul Cisek, Heather F. Neyedli, Joo-Hyun Song, and Timothy N. Welsh. "No one knows what attention is." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 81 (2019): 2288-2303.  
Selective Attention - Filter: Lunar Calendar vs Solar Calendar. 
Warren Fields Lunar Calendar
In the context of hunter gatherers, the norm was a lunar calendar – like the one at Warren fields – the oldest lunar calendar in the world. Sidhharrth S Kumaar observes, in his article, "The Oldest Calendar in the World" that "In Warren Field, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, a Mesolithic arrangement of twelve pits and an arc are present, which roughly dates about 10,000 years ago, appears to be associated with the lunar calendar. In 2013, it was dubbed as "world's oldest known calendar" Vince Gaffney's team have demonstrated how the combination of this (Warren Fields) pit configuration and their landscape setting could have accurately tracked the seasons, creating what is in essence a primitive calendar that the team have dubbed a 'time reckoner' Native Americans, also, predominantly used a lunar calendar as well. 
As a point of information, research indicates animal behavior is greatly influenced by the moon and the lunar cycle - as Davide Dominoni points out. A study of the Lions of the Serengeti show they are "night stalkers" Furthermore, "The prey — wildebeests, zebras, gazelles and buffalo — are all plant eaters. To meet their food needs, such species must forage frequently, even at night." (The moon has power over animals Consider how critters move, grow and even sing differently when the night's light peaks By Erin Wayman November 7, 2019 at 7:41 am Science News)
Stonehenge and Newgrange solar orientation
Clive Ruggles observes about Stonehenge, that "authors such as Burl (l987) have emphasized a change from lunar symbolism to solar symbolism, and this could imply that some fundamental changes in ritual practice and tradition accompanied the transition from Stonehenge 2 to Stonehenge 3. There is certainly no compelling evidence for solar orientation during this period, yet the evidence is quite convincing when we reach Stonehenge 3,
New Grange Passage Tomb: With "an accurate astronomical alignment = [solar] illumination of burial chamber at mid-winter"
"The material record from Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Britain and Ireland suggests that astronomical symbolism, in the form of rough alignments upon certain horizon rising and setting positions of the sun or moon, was incorporated into a range of prehistoric ritual monuments at various places and times. Evidence comes from certain individual sites, most notably Newgrange with its spectacular midwinter sunrise phenomenon (O'Kelly 1982, 123-5),
Selective Attention – Filter:  in context of spiritual-religious beliefs in animal spirits – best "conceptualized as dynamic social behaviours embedded within the context of daily life than as privileged ritual acts"
In the context of a motivation for hunter gatherers during that particular stage in human development, the spiritual and religious beliefs in animal spirits would serve to focus "selective attention" of humanity at that time on animals which - at that time - were a primary source of their sustenance. 
As Paloutzian and Park (p. 12) emphasize, "religion and spirituality are more or less coherent, culturally elaborated meaning systems embedded in and acquired through social relationships and institutions situated in complex natural and built environments." In Erica Hill's very detailed and thorough article, Animals as Agents: Hunting Ritual and Relational Ontologies in Prehistoric Alaska and Chukotka, Erica Hill clearly highlights the fact that the "focus" in the spiritual beliefs in animal spirits were "human relationships with the natural world". As Erica Hill emphatically states, "Their thoughts and actions established and maintained relationships with prey animals and may be more productively conceptualized as dynamic social behaviours embedded within the context of daily life than as privileged ritual acts." It appears an inescapable conclusion that the beliefs in animal spirits were a form of "evolutionary adaptive selective attention. Furthermore, Erica Hill's analysis of Arctic Hunter Gatherers showed beliefs were integrated into society in roles and rituals, the beliefs focused attention of the community on the activity of hunting-gathering of animals. 
Selective Attention – Filter Model: W James; J Bargh; Mannheim