cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effect of S-wave interference on the $B^0 \to K^{\ast 0}\ell^+\ell^-$ angular observables
Creators: name: Blake, Thomas
name: Egede, Ulrik
name: Shires, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rare decay $B^0 \to K^{\ast 0}\ell^+\ell^-$ is a flavour changing neutral current decay with a high sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. Nearly all theoretical predictions and all experimental measurements so far have assumed a $K^{\ast 0}$ P-wave that decays into the $K^+π^-$ final state. In this paper the addition of an S-wave within the $K^+π^-$ system of $B^0 \to K^{\ast 0}\ell^+\ell^-$ and the subsequent impact of this on the angular distribution of the final state particles is explored. The inclusion of the S-wave causes a distinction between the values of the angular observables obtained from counting experiments and those obtained from fits to the angular distribution. The effect of a non-zero S-wave on an angular analysis of $B^0 \to K^{\ast 0}\ell^+\ell^-$ is assessed as a function of dataset size and the relative size of the S-wave amplitude. An S-wave contribution, equivalent to what is measured in $B^0 \to J/ψK^{\ast 0}$ at BaBar, leads to a significant bias on the angular observables for datasets of above 200 signal decays. Any future experimental analysis of the $K^+π^-\ell^+\ell^-$ final state will have to take the S-wave contribution into account.
description: 20 pages
title: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 48 Nr. 3 (2019)
title: Nachrichtenblatt der Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Organ der Staatlichen Ämter für Denkmalpflege
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Denkmalpflege In Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt Der Landesdenkmalpflege
Publisher: name: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege
Year: 2019

description: Inhalt Editorial...133 Die Kastelburg über Waldkirch...134-140 Ausgebrannt und aufgestockt...141-146 Verloren, aber nicht vergessen: das Kaufhaus Schocken in Stuttgart...147-156 Form außer Funktion...157-163 Jungpaläolithikum am Oberrhein...164-169 Chancen für die Textilarchäologie...170-176 Zeugen aus Glas...177-180 Nordisch kühl oder heimelig konservativ...181-186 „Vorstoß in neue Möglichkeiten“...187-191 „Das Zelt Gottes unter den Menschen“...192-193 Mitteilungen...194-202 Neuerscheinungen...202-203 Personalia...203-204 Die Landesdenkmalpflege
Recommendations and illustrations for the evaluation of photonic random number generators
Creators: name: Hart, Joseph D.
name: Terashima, Yuta
name: Uchida, Atsushi
name: Baumgartner, Gerald B.
name: Murphy, Thomas E.
name: Roy, Rajarshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The never-ending quest to improve the security of digital information combined with recent improvements in hardware technology has caused the field of random number generation to undergo a fundamental shift from relying solely on pseudo-random algorithms to employing optical entropy sources. Despite these significant advances on the hardware side, commonly used statistical measures and evaluation practices remain ill-suited to understand or quantify the optical entropy that underlies physical random number generation. We review the state of the art in the evaluation of optical random number generation and recommend a new paradigm: quantifying entropy generation and understanding the physical limits of the optical sources of randomness. In order to do this, we advocate for the separation of the physical entropy source from deterministic post-processing in the evaluation of random number generators and for the explicit consideration of the impact of the measurement and digitization process on the rate of entropy production. We present the Cohen-Procaccia estimate of the entropy rate $h(ε,τ)$ as one way to do this. In order to provide an illustration of our recommendations, we apply the Cohen-Procaccia estimate as well as the entropy estimates from the new NIST draft standards for physical random number generators to evaluate and compare three common optical entropy sources: single photon time-of-arrival detection, chaotic lasers, and amplified spontaneous emission.
Besondere Rechtsprobleme von Gesprächen oder Vereinbarungen des Aufsichtsrats mit Aktionären oder künftigen Investoren
Creators: name: Zobel, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Studentische Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft Heidelberg – Wissenschaft Online
Year: 2019

description: Wachsende Internationalisierung der Kapitalmärkte und ein stetig zunehmendes Informationsinteresse der Anleger lassen den Ruf nach einem ausgeprägten Investorendialog lauter werden. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den rechtlichen Anforderungen, die an einen solchen Dialog von Seiten des Aufsichtsrats zu stellen sind. Durch einen Blick auf die Praxis und einen Vergleich zur gewünschten Realität an den Märkten wird am Ende eine Empfehlung für die Ausgestaltung ausgesprochen.
description: Studentische Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft Heidelberg – Wissenschaft Online, Nr. 1 (2018): StudZR-WissOn
Tunable Charge Detectors for Semiconductor Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Rössler, Clemens
name: Krähenmann, Tobias
name: Baer, Stephan
name: Ihn, Thomas
name: Ensslin, Klaus
name: Reichl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanostructures defined in high-mobility two-dimensional electron systems offer a unique way of controlling the microscopic details of the investigated device. Quantum point contacts play a key role in these investigations, since they are not only a research topic themselves, but turn out to serve as convenient and powerful detectors for their electrostatic environment. We investigate how the sensitivity of charge detectors can be further improved by reducing screening, increasing the capacitive coupling between charge and detector and by tuning the quantum point contacts' confinement potential into the shape of a localized state. We demonstrate the benefits of utilizing a localized state by performing fast and well-resolved charge detection of a large quantum dot in the quantum Hall regime.
Treatment Effect Quantification for Time-to-event Endpoints -- Estimands, Analysis Strategies, and beyond
Creators: name: Rufibach, Kaspar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A draft addendum to ICH E9 has been released for public consultation in August 2017. The addendum focuses on two topics particularly relevant for randomized confirmatory clinical trials: estimands and sensitivity analyses. The need to amend ICH E9 grew out of the realization of a lack of alignment between the objectives of a clinical trial stated in the protocol and the accompanying quantification of the "treatment effect" reported in a regulatory submission. We embed time-to-event endpoints in the estimand framework, and discuss how the four estimand attributes described in the addendum apply to time-to-event endpoints. We point out that if the proportional hazards assumption is not met, the estimand targeted by the most prevalent methods used to analyze time-to-event endpoints, logrank test and Cox regression, depends on the censoring distribution. We discuss for a large randomized clinical trial how the analyses for the primary and secondary endpoints as well as the sensitivity analyses actually performed in the trial can be seen in the context of the addendum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to do so for a trial with a time-to-event endpoint. Questions that remain open with the addendum for time-to-event endpoints and beyond are formulated, and recommendations for planning of future trials are given. We hope that this will provide a contribution to developing a common framework based on the final version of the addendum that can be applied to design, protocols, statistical analysis plans, and clinical study reports in the future.
description: 37 pages
Proxy Voting in Deutschland: ein gescheitertes Experiment? – Der § 134 Abs. 3 S. 5 AktG im dogmatischen und rechtspolitischen Kontext
Creators: name: Hamestuk, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Studentische Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft Heidelberg – Wissenschaft Online
Year: 2019

description: Die Stimmrechtsvertretung der Aktionäre einer Aktiengesellschaft auf ihrer Hauptversammlung durch gesellschaftseigene Stimmrechtsvertreter und auf Vorschlag der Verwaltung: Was zunächst den Anschein eines Leitfadens zum Machterhalt des Vorstands erweckt, firmiert unter dem Begriff des proxy voting und hat im Jahr 2001 mit § 134 Abs. 3 S. 5 AktG auch Eingang in das deutsche Aktienrecht gefunden. Der dortige, äußerst knappe Gesetzestext, wie er bereits in der Gesetzesbegründung angekündigt wird, eröffnet dogmatische Rechtsfragen, zu deren Beantwortung sich noch keine herrschende Meinung in der Literatur formiert hat. Auf diese Rechtsfragen adäquate Antworten zu finden, soll Aufgabe der nachfolgenden Untersuchung werden. Außerdem gilt es, die rechtspolitsche Sinnhaftigkeit des proxy voting deutscher Art zu hinterfragen.
description: Studentische Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft Heidelberg – Wissenschaft Online, Nr. 1 (2018): StudZR-WissOn
Variational problem for Hamiltonian system on so(k, m) Lie-Poisson manifold and dynamics of semiclassical spin
Creators: name: Deriglazov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the procedure for obtaining Hamiltonian equations on a manifold with $so(k, m)$ Lie-Poisson bracket from a variational problem. This implies identification of the manifold with base of a properly constructed fiber bundle embedded as a surface into the phase space with canonical Poisson bracket. Our geometric construction underlies the formalism used for construction of spinning particles in [24-27], and gives precise mathematical formulation of the oldest idea about spin as the "inner angular momentum".
description: published version
Violation of non-Gaussianity consistency relation in a single field inflationary model
Creators: name: Namjoo, Mohammad Hossein
name: Firouzjahi, Hassan
name: Sasaki, Misao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a simple, toy model of single field inflation in which the standard non-Gaussianity consistency condition is violated. In this model the curvature perturbations on super-horizon scales are not conserved and the decaying modes of perturbations are not negligible in the non-atractor phase. As a result a large local non-Gaussianity can be obtained in the squeezed limit which violates the standard non-Gaussianity consistency condition for the single field models.
description: 4 pages, minor revision, published version
Irmingard Moosdorf-Ottinger, Der Goldberg bei Türkheim
Creators: name: Gilles, Karl-Josef
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Irmingard Moosdorf-Ottinger, Der Goldberg bei Türkheim. Bericht über die Grabungen in den Jahren 1942-1944 und 1958-1961 mit Beiträgen von Helmut Bender und Georg Glowatzki. Münchner Beiträge zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 24. Verlag C. H. Beck, München 1981. 220 Seiten, 43 Textabbildungen, 41 Tafeln, 15 Planbeilagen in Beilagenmappe
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 186.1986: Bonner Jahrbücher
A Classification Model for Sensing Human Trust in Machines Using EEG and GSR
Creators: name: Akash, Kumar
name: Hu, Wan-Lin
name: Jain, Neera
name: Reid, Tahira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5; H.1.2

description: Today, intelligent machines \emph{interact and collaborate} with humans in a way that demands a greater level of trust between human and machine. A first step towards building intelligent machines that are capable of building and maintaining trust with humans is the design of a sensor that will enable machines to estimate human trust level in real-time. In this paper, two approaches for developing classifier-based empirical trust sensor models are presented that specifically use electroencephalography (EEG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) measurements. Human subject data collected from 45 participants is used for feature extraction, feature selection, classifier training, and model validation. The first approach considers a general set of psychophysiological features across all participants as the input variables and trains a classifier-based model for each participant, resulting in a trust sensor model based on the general feature set (i.e., a "general trust sensor model"). The second approach considers a customized feature set for each individual and trains a classifier-based model using that feature set, resulting in improved mean accuracy but at the expense of an increase in training time. This work represents the first use of real-time psychophysiological measurements for the development of a human trust sensor. Implications of the work, in the context of trust management algorithm design for intelligent machines, are also discussed.
description: 20 pages
H. E. M. Cool und Jennifer Price, Roman Vessel Glass from Excavations in Colchester, 1971-85
Creators: name: Saldern, Axel Von
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: H. E. M. Cool und Jennifer Price, Roman Vessel Glass from Excavations in Colchester, 1971-85. Mit Beiträgen von M. J. Baxter, P. Crummy und M. P. Heyworth. Colchester Archaeological Report, Band 8. Verlag Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd., Colchester 1995. 256 Seiten, 105 Abbildungen mit Zeichnungen, 11 Histogramme, 39 Tabellen, zwei Mikrofiches
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 196.1996(1997): Bonner Jahrbücher
Delayed Dynamical Systems: Networks, Chimeras and Reservoir Computing
Creators: name: Hart, Joseph D.
name: Larger, Laurent
name: Murphy, Thomas E.
name: Roy, Rajarshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic approach to reveal the correspondence between time delay dynamics and networks of coupled oscillators. After early demonstrations of the usefulness of spatio-temporal representations of time-delay system dynamics, extensive research on optoelectronic feedback loops has revealed their immense potential for realizing complex system dynamics such as chimeras in rings of coupled oscillators and applications to reservoir computing. Delayed dynamical systems have been enriched in recent years through the application of digital signal processing techniques. Very recently, we have showed that one can significantly extend the capabilities and implement networks with arbitrary topologies through the use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This architecture allows the design of appropriate filters and multiple time delays which greatly extend the possibilities for exploring synchronization patterns in arbitrary topological networks. This has enabled us to explore complex dynamics on networks with nodes that can be perfectly identical, introduce parameter heterogeneities and multiple time delays, as well as change network topologies to control the formation and evolution of patterns of synchrony.
Impurity Effects in Two-Electron Coupled Quantum Dots: Entanglement Modulation
Creators: name: Coden, Diego S. Acosta
name: Romero, Rodolfo H.
name: Ferrón, Alejandro
name: Gomez, Sergio S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the electronic and optical properties of two-electron quantum dots with a two-dimensional Gaussian confinement potential. We study the effects of Coulomb impurities and the possibility of manipulate the entanglement of the electrons by controlling the confinement potential parameters. The degree of entanglement becomes highly modulated by both the location and charge screening of the impurity atom, resulting two regimes: one of low entanglement and other of high entanglement, with both of them mainly determined by the magnitude of the charge. It is shown that the magnitude of the oscillator strength of the system could provide an indication of the presence and characteristics of impurities that could largely influence the degree of entanglement of the system.
description: Regular Article (Journal of Physics B, in press), 9 pages, 10 figures
Bifurcations of blowup in inviscid shell models of convective turbulence
Creators: name: Mailybaev, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37N10, 76B03

description: We analyze the blowup (finite-time singularity) in inviscid shell models of convective turbulence. We show that the blowup exists and its internal structure undergoes a series of bifurcations under a change of shell model parameter. Various blowup structures are observed and explained, which vary from self-similar to periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic regimes. Though the blowup takes sophisticated forms, its asymptotic small-scale structure is independent of initial conditions, i.e., universal. Finally, we discuss implications of the obtained results for the open problems of blowup in inviscid flows and for the theory of turbulence.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Investigação em Artes e Arquitectura: Natureza, Metodologias, Validade e Impacto
Creators: name: Sequeira, João B. Menezes de
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Este texto, da autoria de João B. M. Sequeira, constitui um apoio teórico-pedagógico à unidade curricular Metodologias de Investigação do Doutoramento em Arquitectura da Universidade da Beira Interior. Intitulado Investigação em Artes e Arquitectura: Natureza, Metodologias, Validade e Impacto, o documento explora os fundamentos epistemológicos e metodológicos da investigação baseada na prática, com especial foco nas disciplinas criativas da arquitectura e das artes. Estruturado em três partes – natureza, metodologias e validade – o texto defende o reconhecimento institucional da prática criativa como forma legítima de produção de conhecimento, articulando princípios teóricos, exemplos aplicados e referências internacionais. Destina-se a investigadores, doutorandos e docentes interessados numa abordagem crítica e situada da investigação artística e projectual.
Surgical Procedure Understanding, Evaluation, and Interpretation: A Dictionary Factorization Approach
Creators: Abed Soleymani
Xingyu Li
Mahdi Tavakoli
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

In this study, we present a novel machine learning-based

technique to help surgical mentors assess surgical motion trajectories

and corresponding surgical skills levels in surgical training programs.

The proposed method is a variation of sparse coding and dictionary

learning that is straightforward to optimize and produces approximate

trajectory decomposition for structured tasks. Our approach is superior

to existing stochastic or deep learning-based methods in terms

of transparency of the model and interpretability of the results. We

introduce a dual-sparse coding algorithm which encourages the elimination

of redundant and unnecessary atoms and targets to reach the

most informative dictionary, representing themost important temporal

variations within a given surgical trajectory. Since surgical tool trajectories

are time series signals, we further incorporate the idea of floating

atoms along the temporal axis in trajectory analysis, which improves

the model’s accuracy and prevents information loss in downstream

tasks.Using JIGSAWS data set,we present preliminary results showing

the feasibility of the proposed method for clustering and interpreting

surgical trajectories in terms of user’s skills-related behaviors.
The Pulsar Search Collaboratory: Discovery and Timing of Five New Pulsars
Creators: name: Rosen, R.
name: Swiggum, J.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Yun, M.
name: Heatherly, S.
name: Boyles, J.
name: Lynch, R.
name: Kondratiev, V. I.
name: Scoles, S.
name: Ransom, S. M.
name: Moniot, M. L.
name: Cottrill, A.
name: Weaver, M.
name: Snider, A.
name: Thompson, C.
name: Raycraft, M.
name: Dudenhoefer, J.
name: Allphin, L.
name: Thorley, J.
name: Meadows, B.
name: Marchiny, G.
name: Liska, A.
name: O'Dwyer, A. M.
name: Butler, B.
name: Bloxton, S.
name: Mabry, H.
name: Abate, H.
name: Boothe, J.
name: Pritt, S.
name: Alberth, J.
name: Green, A.
name: Crowley, R. J.
name: Agee, A.
name: Nagley, S.
name: Sargent, N.
name: Hinson, E.
name: Smith, K.
name: McNeely, R.
name: Quigley, H.
name: Pennington, A.
name: Chen, S.
name: Maynard, T.
name: Loope, L.
name: Bielski, N.
name: McGough, J. R.
name: Gural, J. C.
name: Colvin, S.
name: Tso, S.
name: Ewen, Z.
name: Zhang, M.
name: Ciccarella, N.
name: Bukowski, B.
name: Novotny, C. B.
name: Gore, J.
name: Sarver, K.
name: Johnson, S.
name: Cunningham, H.
name: Collins, D.
name: Gardner, D.
name: Monteleone, A.
name: Hall, J.
name: Schweinhagen, R.
name: Ayers, J.
name: Jay, S.
name: Uosseph, B.
name: Dunkum, D.
name: Pal, J.
name: Dydiw, S.
name: Sterling, M.
name: Phan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery and timing solutions of five new pulsars by students involved in the Pulsar Search Collaboratory (PSC), a NSF-funded joint program between the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and West Virginia University designed to excite and engage high-school students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and related fields. We encourage students to pursue STEM fields by apprenticing them within a professional scientific community doing cutting edge research, specifically by teaching them to search for pulsars. The students are analyzing 300 hours of drift-scan survey data taken with the Green Bank Telescope at 350 MHz. These data cover 2876 square degrees of the sky. Over the course of five years, more than 700 students have inspected diagnostic plots through a web-based graphical interface designed for this project. The five pulsars discovered in the data have spin periods ranging from 3.1 ms to 4.8 s. Among the new discoveries are - PSR J1926-1314, a long period, nulling pulsar; PSR J1821+0155, an isolated, partially recycled 33-ms pulsar; and PSR J1400-1438, a millisecond pulsar in a 9.5-day orbit whose companion is likely a white dwarf star.
A multistate model for early decision making in oncology
Creators: name: Beyer, Ulrich
name: Dejardin, David
name: Meller, Matthias
name: Rufibach, Kaspar
name: Burger, Hans Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The development of oncology drugs progresses through multiple phases, where after each phase a decision is made about whether to move a molecule forward. Early phase efficacy decisions are often made on the basis of single arm studies based on RECIST tumor response as endpoint. This decision rules are implicitly assuming some form of surrogacy between tumor response and long-term endpoints like progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). The surrogacy is most often assessed as weak, but sufficient to allow a rapid decision making as early phase studies lack the survival follow up and number of patients to properly assess PFS or OS. With the emergence of therapies with new mechanisms of action, for which the link between RECIST tumor response and long-term endpoints is either not accessible yet because not enough data is available to perform a meta-regression, or the link is weaker than with classical chemotherapies, tumor response based rules may not be optimal. In this paper, we explore the use of a multistate model for decision making based on single-arm early phase trials. The multistate model allows to account for more information than the simple RECIST response status, namely, the time to get to response, the duration of response, the PFS time and time to death. We propose to base the decision on efficacy on the OS hazard ratio (HR), predicted from a multistate model based on early phase data with limited survival follow-up, combined with historical control data. Using three case studies and simulations, we illustrate the feasibility of the estimation of the OS HR using a multistate model based on limited data from early phase studies. We argue that, in the presence of limited follow up and small sample size, and on assumptions within the multistate model, the OS prediction is acceptable and may lead to better decisions for continuing the development of a drug.
Stability of Evolutionary Dynamics on Time Scales
Creators: name: Harper, Marc
name: Fryer, Dashiell E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 91A22

description: We combine incentive, adaptive, and time-scale dynamics to study multipopulation dynamics on the simplex equipped with a large class of Riemmanian metrics, simultaneously generalizing and extending many dynamics commonly studied in dynamic game theory and evolutionary dynamics. Each population has its own geometry, method of adaptation (incentive), and time-scale (discrete, continuous, and others). Using an information-theoretic measure of distance we give a widely-applicable Lyapunov result for the dynamic. We include a wealth of examples leading up to and beyond the main results.
Integrating Phase 2 into Phase 3 based on an Intermediate Endpoint While Accounting for a Cure Proportion -- with an Application to the Design of a Clinical Trial in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Creators: name: Rufibach, Kaspar
name: Heinzmann, Dominik
name: Monnet, Annabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62P10

description: For a trial with primary endpoint overall survival for a molecule with curative potential, statistical methods that rely on the proportional hazards assumption may underestimate the power and the time to final analysis. We show how a cure proportion model can be used to get the necessary number of events and appropriate timing via simulation. If Phase 1 results for the new drug are exceptional and/or the medical need in the target population is high, a Phase 3 trial might be initiated after Phase 1. Building in a futility interim analysis into such a pivotal trial may mitigate the uncertainty of moving directly to Phase 3. However, if cure is possible, overall survival might not be mature enough at the interim to support a futility decision. We propose to base this decision on an intermediate endpoint that is sufficiently associated with survival. Planning for such an interim can be interpreted as making a randomized Phase 2 trial a part of the pivotal trial: if stopped at the interim, the trial data would be analyzed and a decision on a subsequent Phase 3 trial would be made. If the trial continues at the interim then the Phase 3 trial is already underway. To select a futility boundary, a mechanistic simulation model that connects the intermediate endpoint and survival is proposed. We illustrate how this approach was used to design a pivotal randomized trial in acute myeloid leukemia, discuss historical data that informed the simulation model, and operational challenges when implementing it.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. All code is available on github: https://github.com/numbersman77/integratePhase2.git
The geometry of toric schemes
Creators: name: Rohrer, Fred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25 (Primary) 20M25 (Secondary)

description: Geometric properties of schemes obtained by gluing algebras of monoids, including separation and finiteness properties, irreducibility, normality, catenarity, dimension, and Serre's properties (S_k) and (R_k), are investigated. This is used to show how the geometry of a toric scheme over an arbitrary base is influenced by the geometry of the base.
description: to appear in J. Pure Appl. Algebra; corrected typos, updated references
Survival analysis for AdVerse events with VarYing follow-up times (SAVVY): Rationale and statistical concept of a meta-analytic study
Creators: name: Stegherr, Regina
name: Beyersmann, Jan
name: Jehl, Valentine
name: Rufibach, Kaspar
name: Leverkus, Friedhelm
name: Schmoor, Claudia
name: Friede, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The assessment of safety is an important aspect of the evaluation of new therapies in clinical trials, with analyses of adverse events being an essential part of this. Standard methods for the analysis of adverse events such as the incidence proportion, i.e. the number of patients with a specific adverse event out of all patients in the treatment groups, do not account for both varying follow-up times and competing risks. Alternative approaches such as the Aalen-Johansen estimator of the cumulative incidence function have been suggested. Theoretical arguments and numerical evaluations support the application of these more advanced methodology, but as yet there is to our knowledge only insufficient empirical evidence whether these methods would lead to different conclusions in safety evaluations. The Survival analysis for AdVerse events with VarYing follow-up times (SAVVY) project strives to close this gap in evidence by conducting a meta-analytical study to assess the impact of the methodology on the conclusion of the safety assessment empirically. Here we present the rationale and statistical concept of the empirical study conducted as part of the SAVVY project. The statistical methods are presented in unified notation and examples of their implementation in R and SAS are provided.
Pathways to social evolution: reciprocity, relatedness, and synergy
Creators: name: Van Cleve, Jeremy
name: Akçay, Erol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many organisms live in populations structured by space and by class, exhibit plastic responses to their social partners, and are subject to non-additive ecological and fitness effects. Social evolution theory has long recognized that all of these factors can lead to different selection pressures but has only recently attempted to synthesize how these factors interact. Using models for both discrete and continuous phenotypes, we show that analyzing these factors in a consistent framework reveals that they interact with one another in ways previously overlooked. Specifically, behavioral responses (reciprocity), genetic relatedness, and synergy interact in non-trivial ways that cannot be easily captured by simple summary indices of assortment. We demonstrate the importance of these interactions by showing how they have been neglected in previous synthetic models of social behavior both within and between species. These interactions also affect the level of behavioral responses that can evolve in the long run; proximate biological mechanisms are evolutionarily stable when they generate enough responsiveness relative to the level of responsiveness that exactly balances the ecological costs and benefits. Given the richness of social behavior across taxa, these interactions should be a boon for empirical research as they are likely crucial for describing the complex relationship linking ecology, demography, and social behavior.
description: 4 figures
A Γ-structure on Lagrangian Grassmannians
Creators: name: Albers, Peter
name: Frauenfelder, Urs
name: Solomon, Jake P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For n odd the Lagrangian Grassmannian of \R^{2n} is a Γ-manifold.
description: 6 pages; v2: new coauthor, nicer proof
On framings of links in 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Bakshi, Rhea Palak
name: Ibarra, Dionne
name: Montoya-Vega, Gabriel
name: Przytycki, Józef H.
name: Weeks, Deborah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 57M27. Secondary: 55A25, 57M25

description: We show that the only way of changing the framing of a link by ambient isotopy in an oriented $3$-manifold is when the manifold has a properly embedded non-separating $S^2$. This change of framing is given by the Dirac trick, also known as the light bulb trick. The main tool we use is based on McCullough's work on the mapping class groups of $3$-manifolds. We also relate our results to the theory of skein modules.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for the Dynamical Thermalization of Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Savenko, I. G.
name: Liew, T. C. H.
name: Shelykh, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for the description of energy relaxation in a nonequilibrium condensate of bosonic particles. The approach is based on coupling to a thermal bath of other particles (e.g., phonons in a crystal, or noncondensed atoms in a cold atom system), which are treated with a Monte Carlo type approach. Together with a full account of particle-particle interactions, dynamic driving, and particle loss, this offers a complete description of recent experiments in which Bose-Einstein condensates are seen to relax their energy as they propagate in real space and time. As an example, we apply the theory to the solid-state system of microcavity exciton polaritons, in which nonequilibrium effects are particularly prominent.
description: Manuscript: 5 pages (Main Text) + 2 figures + 4 pages (Supplemental Material). Proofs version
Processive and Distributive Non-Equilibrium Networks Discriminate in Alternate Limits
Creators: name: Venkataraman, Gaurav G.
name: Miska, Eric A.
name: Jordan, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study biochemical reaction networks capable of product discrimination inspired by biological proofreading mechanisms. At equilibrium, product discrimination, the selective formation of a "correct" product with respect to an "incorrect product", is fundamentally limited by the free energy difference between the two products. However, biological systems often far exceed this limit, by using discriminatory networks that expend free energy to maintain non-equilibrium steady states. Non-equilibrium systems are notoriously difficult to analyze and no systematic methods exist for determining parameter regimes which maximize discrimination. Here we introduce a measure that can be computed directly from the biochemical rate constants and which provides a necessary condition for proofreading. Non-equilibrium systems can discriminate using binding energy (energetic) differences or using activation energy (kinetic) differences, but in both cases, proofreading is optimal when dissipation is maximized, so long as the necessary condition we introduce is satisfied. We show that these constraints can be in opposition and that this explains why the error rate is a non-monotonic function of the irreversible drive in the original proofreading scheme of Hopfield and Ninio. Finally, we introduce mixed networks, in which one product is favored energetically and the other kinetically. In such networks, sensitive product switching can be achieved simply by spending free energy. Biologically, this corresponds to the ability to select between products by driving a single reaction without network fine tuning. This may be used to explore alternate product spaces in challenging environments.
Pairing Symmetry in Layered BiS$_2$ Compounds Driven by Electron-Electron Correlation
Creators: name: Liang, Yi
name: Wu, Xianxin
name: Tsai, Wei-Feng
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the pairing symmetry of layered BiS$_2$ compounds by assuming that electron-electron correlation is still important so that the pairing is rather short range. We find that the extended s-wave pairing symmetry always wins over d-wave when the pairing is confined between two short range sites up to next nearest neighbors. The pairing strength is peaked around the doping level x=0.5, which is consistent with experimental observation. The extended s-wave pairing symmetry is very robust against spin-orbital coupling because it is mainly determined by the structure of Fermi surfaces. Moreover, the extended s-wave pairing can be distinguished from conventional s-wave pairing by measuring and comparing superconducting gaps of different Fermi surfaces.
description: 5 pages and 6 figures
Fréchet Modules and Descent
Creators: name: Ben-Bassat, Oren
name: Kremnizer, Kobi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: math.AG, math.CT, math.RT, math.NT, math.FA

description: We study several aspects of the study of Ind-Banach modules over Banach rings thereby synthesizing some aspects of homological algebra and functional analysis. This includes a study of nuclear modules and of modules which are flat with respect to the projective tensor product. We also study metrizable and Fréchet Ind-Banach modules. We give explicit descriptions of projective limits of Banach rings as ind-objects. We study exactness properties of projective tensor product with respect to kernels and countable products. As applications, we describe a theory of quasi-coherent modules in Banach algebraic geometry. We prove descent theorems for quasi-coherent modules in various analytic and arithmetic contexts.
description: improved version
Titration and hysteresis in epigenetic chromatin silencing
Creators: name: Dayarian, Adel
name: Sengupta, Anirvan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Epigenetic mechanisms of silencing via heritable chromatin modifications play a major role in gene regulation and cell fate specification. We consider a model of epigenetic chromatin silencing in budding yeast and study the bifurcation diagram and characterize the bistable and the monostable regimes. The main focus of this paper is to examine how the perturbations altering the activity of histone modifying enzymes affect the epigenetic states. We analyze the implications of having the total number of silencing proteins given by the sum of proteins bound to the nucleosomes and the ones available in the ambient to be constant. This constraint couples different regions of chromatin through the shared reservoir of ambient silencing proteins. We show that the response of the system to perturbations depends dramatically on the titration effect caused by the above constraint. In particular, for a certain range of overall abundance of silencing proteins, the hysteresis loop changes qualitatively with certain jump replaced by continuous merger of different states. In addition, we find a nonmonotonic dependence of gene expression on the rate of histone deacetylation activity of Sir2. We discuss how these qualitative predictions of our model could be compared with experimental studies of the yeast system under anti-silencing drugs.
Metric perturbations from eccentric orbits on a Schwarzschild black hole: I. Odd-parity Regge-Wheeler to Lorenz gauge transformation and two new methods to circumvent the Gibbs phenomenon
Creators: name: Hopper, Seth
name: Evans, Charles R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the odd-parity, radiative ($\ell \ge 2$) parts of the metric perturbation in Lorenz gauge caused by a small compact object in eccentric orbit about a Schwarzschild black hole. The Lorenz gauge solution is found via gauge transformation from a corresponding one in Regge-Wheeler gauge. Like the Regge-Wheeler gauge solution itself, the gauge generator is computed in the frequency domain and transferred to the time domain. The wave equation for the gauge generator has a source with a compact, moving delta-function term and a discontinuous non-compact term. The former term allows the method of extended homogeneous solutions to be applied (which circumvents the Gibbs phenomenon). The latter has required the development of new means to use frequency domain methods and yet be able to transfer to the time domain while avoiding Gibbs problems. Two new methods are developed to achieve this: a partial annihilator method and a method of extended particular solutions. We detail these methods and show their application in calculating the odd-parity gauge generator and Lorenz gauge metric perturbations. A subsequent paper will apply these methods to the harder task of computing the even-parity parts of the gauge generator.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, Updated with one modified figure and minor changes to the text. Added DOI and Journal reference
Phonon band structures of three-dimensional pentamode metamaterials
Creators: name: Martin, Aude
name: Kadic, Muamer
name: Schittny, Robert
name: Bückmann, Tiemo
name: Wegener, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional pentamode metamaterials are artificial solids that approximately behave like liquids, which have vanishing shear modulus. Pentamodes have recently become experimental reality. Here, we calculate their phonon band structures for various parameters. Consistent with static continuum mechanics, we find that compression and shear waves exhibit phase velocities that can realistically be different by more than one order of magnitude. Interestingly, we also find frequency intervals with more than two octaves bandwidth in which pure single-mode behavior is obtained. Herein, exclusively compression waves exist due to a complete three-dimensional band gap for shear waves and, hence, no coupling to shear modes is possible. Such single-mode behavior might, e.g., be interesting for transformation-elastodynamics architectures.
description: 5 figures
Fractional-Order Operators on Nonsmooth Domains
Creators: name: Abels, Helmut
name: Grubb, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35S15, 35R11, Secondary: 35S05, 47G30, 60G52

description: The fractional Laplacian $(-Δ)^a$, $a\in(0,1)$, and its generalizations to variable-coefficient $2a$-order pseudodifferential operators $P$, are studied in $L_q$-Sobolev spaces of Bessel-potential type $H^s_q$. For a bounded open set $Ω\subset \mathbb R^n$, consider the homogeneous Dirichlet problem: $Pu =f$ in $Ω$, $u=0$ in $ \mathbb R^n\setminusΩ$. We find the regularity of solutions and determine the exact Dirichlet domain $D_{a,s,q}$ (the space of solutions $u$ with $f\in H_q^s(\overlineΩ)$) in cases where $Ω$ has limited smoothness $C^{1+τ}$, for $2a<τ<\infty $, $0\le s<τ-2a$. Earlier, the regularity and Dirichlet domains were determined for smooth $Ω$ by the second author, and the regularity was found in low-order Hölder spaces for $τ=1$ by Ros-Oton and Serra. The $H_q^s$-results obtained now when $τ<\infty $ are new, even for $(-Δ)^a$. In detail, the spaces $D_{a,s,q}$ are identified as $a$-transmission spaces $H_q^{a(s+2a)}(\overlineΩ)$, exhibiting estimates in terms of $\operatorname{dist}(x,\partialΩ)^a$ near the boundary. The result has required a new development of methods to handle nonsmooth coordinate changes for pseudodifferential operators, which have not been available before; this constitutes another main contribution of the paper.
description: 52 pages. In this version some clarifications and minor corrections were done. The version is accepted for publication in "J. London Math. Soc."
A Mosquito Pick-and-Place System for PfSPZ-based Malaria Vaccine Production
Creators: name: Phalen, Henry
name: Vagdargi, Prasad
name: Schrum, Mariah L.
name: Chakravarty, Sumana
name: Canezin, Amanda
name: Pozin, Michael
name: Coemert, Suat
name: Iordachita, Iulian
name: Hoffman, Stephen L.
name: Chirikjian, Gregory S.
name: Taylor, Russell H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The treatment of malaria is a global health challenge that stands to benefit from the widespread introduction of a vaccine for the disease. A method has been developed to create a live organism vaccine using the sporozoites (SPZ) of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), which are concentrated in the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes. Current manual dissection methods to obtain these PfSPZ are not optimally efficient for large-scale vaccine production. We propose an improved dissection procedure and a mechanical fixture that increases the rate of mosquito dissection and helps to deskill this stage of the production process. We further demonstrate the automation of a key step in this production process, the picking and placing of mosquitoes from a staging apparatus into a dissection assembly. This unit test of a robotic mosquito pick-and-place system is performed using a custom-designed micro-gripper attached to a four degree of freedom (4-DOF) robot under the guidance of a computer vision system. Mosquitoes are autonomously grasped and pulled to a pair of notched dissection blades to remove the head of the mosquito, allowing access to the salivary glands. Placement into these blades is adapted based on output from computer vision to accommodate for the unique anatomy and orientation of each grasped mosquito. In this pilot test of the system on 50 mosquitoes, we demonstrate a 100% grasping accuracy and a 90% accuracy in placing the mosquito with its neck within the blade notches such that the head can be removed. This is a promising result for this difficult and non-standard pick-and-place task.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, Manuscript submitted for Special Issue of IEEE CASE 2019 for IEEE T-ASE
A Golden Product Identity for $e$
Creators: name: Schneider, Robert P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove an infinite product representation for the constant $e$ involving the golden ratio, the Möbius function and the Euler phi function - prominent players in number theory.