cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Novel angular dependence in Drell-Yan lepton production via dimension-8 operators
Creators: name: Alioli, Simone
name: Boughezal, Radja
name: Mereghetti, Emanuele
name: Petriello, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of dimension-8 operators on Drell-Yan production of lepton pairs at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We identify a class of operators that leads to novel angular dependence not accounted for in current analyses. The observation of such effects would be a smoking-gun signature of new physics appearing at the dimension-8 level. We propose an extension of the currently used angular basis and show that these effects should be observable in future LHC analyses for realistic values of the associated dimension-8 Wilson coefficients.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa
Creators: name: Dirks, Paul HGM
name: Berger, Lee R.
name: Roberts, Eric M.
name: Kramers, Jan D.
name: Hawks, John
name: Randolph-Quinney, Patrick S.
name: Elliott, Marina
name: Musiba, Charles M.
name: Churchill, Steven E.
name: de Ruiter, Darryl J.
name: Schmid, Peter
name: Backwell, Lucinda R.
name: Belyanin, Georgy A.
name: Boshoff, Pedro
name: Hunter, K. Lindsay
name: Feurerriegel, Elen M.
name: Gurtov, Alia
name: Harrison, James du G.
name: Hunter, Rick
name: Kruger, Ashley
name: Morris, Hannah
name: Makhubela, Tebogo V.
name: Peixotto, Becca
name: Tucker, Stevens
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Description to be added
Covid-19: Automatic detection from X-Ray images utilizing Transfer Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D.
name: Bessiana, Tzani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, a dataset of X-Ray images from patients with common pneumonia, Covid-19, and normal incidents was utilized for the automatic detection of the Coronavirus. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network architectures proposed over recent years for medical image classification. Specifically, the procedure called transfer learning was adopted. With transfer learning, the detection of various abnormalities in small medical image datasets is an achievable target, often yielding remarkable results. The dataset utilized in this experiment is a collection of 1427 X-Ray images. 224 images with confirmed Covid-19, 700 images with confirmed common pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions are included. The data was collected from the available X-Ray images on public medical repositories. With transfer learning, an overall accuracy of 97.82% in the detection of Covid-19 is achieved.
A gamma-ray burst remnant in our Galaxy: HESS J1303-631
Creators: name: Atoyan, A.
name: Buckley, J.
name: Krawczynski, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of our investigation of the multiwavelength data on HESS J1303-631, an unidentified TeV source serendipitously discovered in the Galactic plane by the HESS collaboration. These results strongly suggest the identification of this particular source as the remnant of a Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) that happened some few tens of thousands years ago in our Galaxy at a distance on the order of 10 kpc from us. We show, through detailed calculations of particle diffusion, interaction and radiation processes of relativistic particles in the interstellar medium, that it is possible for a GRB remnant (GRBR) to be a strong TeV emitter with no observable synchrotron emission. We predict spectral and spatial signatures that would unambiguously distinguish GRBRs from ordinary supernova remnants, including: (1) large energy budgets inferred from their TeV emission, but at the same time, (2) suppressed fluxes in the radio through GeV wavebands; (3) extended center-filled emission with an energy-dependent spatial profile; and (4) a possible elongation in the direction of the past pair of GRB jets. While GRBRs can best be detected by ground-based gamma-ray detectors, the future GLAST mission will play a crucial role in confirming the predicted low level of GeV emission.
description: Replaced by the version accepted in ApJ Letters (to appear in April/May 2006); 4 pages, 3 figures
APPENDIX - Refining a Software System Deployment Process Model: A Case Study.
Creators: name: Panizzi, Marisa Daniela
name: Genero, Marcela
name: Bertone, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80608 Information Systems Development Methodologies
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Some additional material about the case study is presented.
Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa
Creators: name: Dirks, Paul HGM
name: Berger, Lee R.
name: Roberts, Eric M.
name: Kramers, Jan D.
name: Hawks, John
name: Randolph-Quinney, Patrick S.
name: Elliott, Marina
name: Musiba, Charles M.
name: Churchill, Steven E.
name: de Ruiter, Darryl J.
name: Schmid, Peter
name: Backwell, Lucinda R.
name: Belyanin, Georgy A.
name: Boshoff, Pedro
name: Hunter, K. Lindsay
name: Feurerriegel, Elen M.
name: Gurtov, Alia
name: Harrison, James du G.
name: Hunter, Rick
name: Kruger, Ashley
name: Morris, Hannah
name: Makhubela, Tebogo V.
name: Peixotto, Becca
name: Tucker, Stevens
Publisher: name: eLife
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 37
subject: Earth sciences

description: Description to be added
Can dosimetry affect local control and survival in patients with early-stage lung cancer treated with Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR)? An analysis of the UK's largest cohort of lung SABR patients
Creators: name: Animesh Saha
name: Beasley, Matthew
name: Hatton, Nathaniel
name: Dickinson, Peter
name: Franks, Kevin
name: Clarke, Katy
name: Jain, Pooja
name: Teo, Mark
name: Murray, Patrick
name: Lilley, John
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Cancer

description: A recent study has shown that tight conformity of lung Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) plans might worsen loco-regional control and can predict distant metastases. The study aims to report overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local recurrence free survival (LRFS), and dosimetry of early-stage lung cancer patients treated with SABR and to try to explore any dosimetric predictor of outcomes. Patients treated in our institute (May 2009–August 2018) were included. Electronic medical records were reviewed for baseline characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes. Dosimetric data were extracted from Xio and Monaco software. Patients were treated according to the United Kingdom (UK) SABR consortium guidelines. Kaplan–Meier’s analysis with log-rank test was used for survival analysis. The univariate and multivariable Cox regression model was used for correlating dosimetric variables and outcomes. We treated 1266 patients with median age of 75 years and 47.4% were male. Median follow up was 56 months. Median OS was 36 months with 1, 2, and 5 years OS of 84.2%, 64.5%, and 31.5%, respectively. Median for PFS and LRFS was not reached. One, 2, and 5 years PFS were 87.4%, 78.4%, and 72.5%, respectively. One, 2, and 5 years LRFS were 98.2%, 95.1%, and 92.5%, respectively. Planning target volume (PTV), dose to 99% volume of PTV (D99), and R50 (volume receiving the 50% dose/volume (PTV)) were significantly associated with OS. PTV, mean lung dose (MLD), V20 (volume of lung minus gross tumour volume (GTV) receiving 20 Gy), V12.5 (volume of lung minus GTV receiving 12.5 Gy), and dose fractionation were significantly associated with PFS. Nothing was associated with LRFS on univariate analysis. R100 of >1.1 was associated with better OS, PFS, and LRFS compared to R100 ≤ 1.1. SABR achieves good clinical outcomes in patients with early-stage lung cancer; even in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. In the largest UK early lung cancer cohort treated with SABR, we found that dosimetry correlates with clinical outcomes. Further validation of these results is needed to guide future optimisation of SABR delivery.
Speech perception 30 years after cisplatin-based chemotherapy in adults: limited clinical relevance of long-term ototoxicity?
Creators: name: J. Skalleberg
name: M. Myhrum
name: M. C. Småstuen
name: T. A. Osnes
name: S. D. Fosså
name: M. Bunne
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBCT) can cause high-frequency hearing loss, but little is known about the development and clinical relevance of this hearing loss in survivors of adult-onset cancer with very long-term follow-up. This case-control study investigates hearing and speech perception both in quiet and with background noise 30-years after CBCT. One-hundred-and-one patients (Cases) who received CBCT for testicular cancer between 1980 and 1994 were assessed with pure-tone audiometry (.125 − 8 kHz) and speech perception tests including hearing in noise test (HINT). Self-reported hearing and tinnitus was scored by participants. Results were compared with 30 age-matched controls. The median age of Cases and Controls was 60 (46 − 83) and 61 years (51 − 74), respectively. The median observation time for Cases was 30 years (22 − 37). Compared with Controls, Cases had 8 and 19 dB worse age-adjusted high-frequency hearing at 6 and 8 kHz, respectively (p Cisplatin causes high-frequency hearing loss, but speech perception tests performed both in quiet and in background noise 30 years post-treatment indicate that the clinical relevance is limited for most patients. Few patients develop severe hearing loss that requires rehabilitation but it is important to identify these patients. Self-reported hearing loss and tinnitus were more common among Cases compared with Controls.
The Changing Blazhko Effect of XZ Cygni
Creators: name: LaCluyze, Aaron
name: Smith, Horace A.
name: Gill, E. -M.
name: Hedden, A.
name: Kinemuchi, Karen
name: Rosas, A. M.
name: Pritzl, Barton J.
name: Sharpee, Brian
name: Wilkinson, Christopher
name: Robinson, K. W.
name: Baldwin, Marvin E.
name: Samolyk, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New CCD photometry has been obtained for the RR Lyrae variable star XZ Cygni. An analysis of old and new photometry confirms earlier results that XZ Cygni exhibits the Blazhko Effect and that its Blazhko period has changed over time. These changes in the Blazhko period are anticorrelated with observed changes in the primary period of XZ Cygni. During the first half of the twentieth century, XZ Cygni had a Blazhko period of approximately 57.4 d. Beginning in 1965, its primary period underwent a steep decline in several steps. Coincidentally, its Blazhko period increased to about 58.5 d. In 1979, the primary period suddenly increased again. After an interval in which the Blazhko Effect was small, the Blazhko Effect re-established itself, with a period of approximately 57.5 d. When its Blazhko period is near 57.5 d, XZ Cygni has also shown a tertiary period of 41.6 d. We confirm that there is evidence for a longer 3540 d period in photometry obtained during the first half of the twentieth century. XZ Cygni is compared with three other RR Lyrae stars which also appear to show changing Blazhko periods. The observed changes in the length of the Blazhko period of XZ Cygni constrain possible explanations for the Blazhko Effect. In particular, they argue against any theoretical explanation which requires that the Blazhko period be exactly equal to or directly proportional to the rotation period of the star.
description: 45 pages, 20 figures. Accepted by AJ
Unification of Gauge Forces and Gravity using Tangled Vortex Knots
Creators: name: Mrittunjoy Guha Majumdar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 20303 Fluid Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: 20699 Quantum Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: 10599 Mathematical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, the statistics of excitation-tangles in a postulated background ideal-superfluid field $\psi_{M}$ is studied. The structure of the Standard Model is derived in terms of tangle vortex-knots and soliton. Gravity is observed in terms of torsion and curvature in the continuum. In this way, non-linear dynamics and excitations give rise to a unified field theory as well as a \textit{Theory of Everything}. As a result of this unification, spacetime and matter are shown to be fundamentally equivalent, while gauge fields arise from reorientation and excitations of the the fundamental underlying field $\psi_{M}$.
How Circular Dichroism in time- and angle-resolved photoemission can be used to spectroscopically detect transient topological states in graphene
Creators: name: Schüler, Michael
name: De Giovannini, Umberto
name: Hübener, Hannes
name: Rubio, Angel
name: Sentef, Michael A.
name: Devereaux, Thomas P.
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pumping graphene with circularly polarized light is the archetype of light-tailoring topological bands. Realizing the induced Floquet-Chern insulator state and tracing clear experimental manifestions has been a challenge, and it has become clear that scattering effects play a crucial role. We tackle this gap between theory and experiment by employing microscopic quantum kinetic calculations including realistic electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering. Our theory provides a direct link to the build-up of the Floquet-Chern insulator state in light-driven graphene and its detection in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). This allows us to study the stability of the Floquet features due to dephasing and thermalization effects. We also discuss the ultrafast Hall response in the laser-heated state. Furthermore, the induced pseudospin texture and the associated Berry curvature gives rise to momentum-dependent orbital magnetization, which is reflected in circular dichroism in ARPES (CD-ARPES). Combining our nonequilibrium calculations with an accurate one-step theory of photoemission allows us to establish a direct link between the build-up of the topological state and the dichroic pump-probe photoemission signal. The characteristic features in CD-ARPES are further corroborated to be stable against heating and dephasing effects. Thus, tracing circular dichroism in time-resolve photoemission provides new insights into transient topological properties.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Relationship Factors and Trajectories of Intimate Partner Violence among South African Women during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Creators: name: Groves, Allison K.
name: McNaughton Reyes, H. Luz
name: Foshee, Vangie A.
name: Moodley, Dhayendre
name: Maman, Suzanne
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem in South Africa. However, there is limited research on whether and how IPV changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period and on the factors that might affect women’s risk during this time. In this study, we describe the mean trajectories of physical and psychological IPV during pregnancy and the postpartum period and examine whether relationship power, partner social support, and relationship stress are associated with women’s trajectories of IPV. Data come from a longitudinal study with 1,480 women recruited during pregnancy between May 2008 and June 2010 at a public clinic in Durban. Women completed behavioral assessments at their first antenatal visit, at fourteen weeks and at nine months postpartum. Women’s experiences of IPV were measured at all three time points and relationship power, partner social support and relationship stress were each measured at the baseline assessment. We used multilevel random coefficients growth modeling to build our models. The mean trajectory for both types of IPV was flat which means that, on average, there was not significant change in levels of IPV over pregnancy and the postpartum period. However, there was significant individual variability in trajectories of IPV over the study period. Women who had higher relationship power had lower levels of physical and psychological IPV over time than women with lower relationship power. Additionally, women with higher relationship stress and lower partner support had higher levels of psychological IPV at pregnancy. Interventions that maximize women’s relationship power and partner social support and minimize relationship stress during this transformative time are needed.
Relationship Factors and Trajectories of Intimate Partner Violence among South African Women during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Creators: name: Groves, Allison K.
name: McNaughton Reyes, H. Luz
name: Foshee, Vangie A.
name: Moodley, Dhayendre
name: Maman, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem in South Africa. However, there is limited research on whether and how IPV changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period and on the factors that might affect women’s risk during this time. In this study, we describe the mean trajectories of physical and psychological IPV during pregnancy and the postpartum period and examine whether relationship power, partner social support, and relationship stress are associated with women’s trajectories of IPV. Data come from a longitudinal study with 1,480 women recruited during pregnancy between May 2008 and June 2010 at a public clinic in Durban. Women completed behavioral assessments at their first antenatal visit, at fourteen weeks and at nine months postpartum. Women’s experiences of IPV were measured at all three time points and relationship power, partner social support and relationship stress were each measured at the baseline assessment. We used multilevel random coefficients growth modeling to build our models. The mean trajectory for both types of IPV was flat which means that, on average, there was not significant change in levels of IPV over pregnancy and the postpartum period. However, there was significant individual variability in trajectories of IPV over the study period. Women who had higher relationship power had lower levels of physical and psychological IPV over time than women with lower relationship power. Additionally, women with higher relationship stress and lower partner support had higher levels of psychological IPV at pregnancy. Interventions that maximize women’s relationship power and partner social support and minimize relationship stress during this transformative time are needed.
Non-Noether symmetries in integrable models
Creators: name: Chavchanidze, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70H33, 70H06, 58J70, 53Z05, 35A30

description: In the present paper the non-Noether symmetries of the Toda model, nonlinear Schodinger equation and Korteweg-de Vries equations (KdV and mKdV) are discussed. It appears that these symmetries yield the complete sets of conservation laws in involution and lead to the bi-Hamiltonian realizations of the above mentioned models.
description: LaTeX 2e article, 10 pages, no figures
title: Evaluation of spore wall chemistry as a novel biochemical proxy for UV·B radiation
Creators: name: Fraser, Wesley T.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2009

description: The stratospheric ozone layer provides protection for Earth's land-based organisms against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, but the past century has seen the ozone layer compromised as a result of human activity, resulting in commensurate variations in surface UV -B flux. Despite the importance of UV radiation to the well-being of life, reliable records of surface UV-B flux only exist for a short period of time (20-30 years). In order to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour of ozone and UV-B flux in the past, an alternative method of determining UV-B is required. Changes in spore chemistry have been proposed as a palaeo-monitor of UV-B flux, which can then be related to stratospheric ozone abundance. By employing the rapid and inexpensive technique of FTIR microspectroscopy to investigate changes in spore chemistry, a large dataset spanning seven different spatial and temporal UV regimes has been generated in order to evaluate the feasibility of routine usage of a spore-based UV-B proxy. Exploring contemporary samples grown under controlled UV conditions and spores preserved in historical archives reveals that modem-day and recent spore chemistry show a positive relationship with known and calculated UV-B flux, with additional environmental factors such as cloudiness and vegetation canopy cover superimposed on these results. Examination of fossil spores obtained from sediments and experimentally matured specimens provides an insight into the chemical changes that occur in organic matter after incorporation into sediments, even under mild burial conditions. This thesis explores the potential of spore chemistry to act as a proxy monitor of past UV-B flux and is the first concerted attempt at applying FTIR spectroscopy to the investigation of spore chemistry in this way.
Social support among HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents in Umlazi, South Africa : changes in family and partner relationships during pregnancy and the postpartum period
Creators: name: Moodley, Dhayendre
name: Hill, Lauren M.
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Groves, Allison K.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background: Pregnancy is common among adolescents in South Africa, yet the social experiences of adolescents during the pregnancy and postpartum period remain understudied in this context. We aimed to explore how adolescent women’s discovery and disclosure of both their pregnancy and HIV status affected their relationships with family members and sexual partners, with a particular focus on whether and how support changed throughout this time period. Methods: We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescent women who were either pregnant or had delivered in the last 18 months from one urban clinic in Umlazi, South Africa. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, translated, and coded for analysis. Results: Young women described stress and instability in their relationships with family and partners during pregnancy and the postpartum period, though prior to and during HIV-status disclosure women generally experienced less stress than in disclosing their pregnancy to family members and partners. After a destabilizing period immediately following pregnancy disclosure, families became and remained the primary source of material and emotional support for the young women. Women discussed heightened closeness with their partners during pregnancy, but few women had close relationships with their partners postpartum. Support experiences did not differ by HIV status. Conclusion: Programs should be aware of the relative importance of pregnancy-related concerns over HIV-related concerns in this population of young women. Engaging family members is critical in ensuring social support for this population of young pregnant women, and in encouraging timely initiation of antenatal care.
Impact of pathological tumor response after CROSS neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery on long-term outcome of esophageal cancer: a population-based study
Creators: name: Al-Kaabi, Ali
name: Van Der Post, Rachel S.
name: Van Der Werf, Leonie R.
name: Wijnhoven, Bas P. L.
name: Rosman, Camiel
name: Hulshof, Maarten C. C. M.
name: Van Laarhoven, Hanneke W. M.
name: Verhoeven, Rob H. A.
name: Siersema, Peter D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: With increasing interest in organ-preserving strategies for potentially curable esophageal cancer, real-world data is needed to understand the impact of pathological tumor response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on patient outcome. The objective of this study is to assess the association between pathological tumor response following CROSS neoadjuvant CRT and long-term overall survival (OS) in a nationwide cohort. All patients diagnosed in the Netherlands with potentially curable esophageal cancer between 2009 and 2017, and treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by esophagectomy were included. Through record linkage with the nationwide Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA), pathological data were obtained. The primary outcome was pathological tumor response based on ypTNM, classified into pathological complete response (ypT0N0) and incomplete responders (ypT0N+, ypT+N0, and ypT+N+). Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to identify predictors of pathological complete response (pCR) and survival. A total of 4946 patients were included. Overall, 24% achieved pCR, with 19% in adenocarcinoma and 42% in squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with pCR had a better estimated 5-year OS compared to incomplete responders (62% vs. 38%, pp In this population-based study, pathological tumor response based on the ypTNM-stage was associated with different prognostic subgroups. A quarter of patients achieved ypT0N0 with favorable long-term survival, while one-third had an ypT+N+ response with very poor survival. The association between pathological tumor response and long-term survival could help in more accurate assessments of individual prognosis and treatment decisions.
Novelty search employed into the development of cancer treatment simulations
Creators: name: Tsompanas, Michail-Antisthenis
name: Bull, Larry
name: Adamatzky, Andrew
name: Balaz, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional optimization methodologies may be hindered when the automated search is stuck into local optima because of a deceptive objective function landscape. Consequently, open ended search methodologies, such as novelty search, have been proposed to tackle this issue. Overlooking the objective, while putting pressure into discovering novel solutions may lead to better solutions in practical problems. Novelty search was employed here to optimize the simulated design of a targeted drug delivery system for tumor treatment under the PhysiCell simulator. A hybrid objective equation was used containing both the actual objective of an effective tumour treatment and the novelty measure of the possible solutions. Different weights of the two components of the hybrid equation were investigated to unveil the significance of each one.
Dispersion tailoring in wedge microcavities for Kerr comb generation
Creators: name: Fujii, Laís
name: Inga, Marvyn
name: Soares, Jorge H.
name: Espinel, Yovanny A. V.
name: Alegre, Thiago P. Mayer
name: Wiederhecker, Gustavo. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shaping of group velocity dispersion in microresonators is an important component in the generation of wideband optical frequency combs. Small resonators - with tight bending radii - offer the large free-spectral range desirable for wide comb formation. However, the tighter bending usually limit comb formation as it enhances normal group velocity dispersion. We experimentally demonstrate that engineering the sidewall angle of small-radius (100 $μ$m), 3 $μ$m-thick silica wedge microdisks enables dispersion tuning in both normal and anomalous regimes, without significantly affecting the free spectral range. A microdisk with wedge angle of $55^{\circ}$ (anomalous dispersion) is used to demonstrate a 300 nm bandwidth Kerr optical frequency comb.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Genomic, patterns of selection and differentiation in African populations and implications for mapping disease association
Creators: name: Elzein, Abier
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2009

description: The main objective of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of genomic patterns of natural selection and population differentiation in Africa, where there is great genetic diversity, and of the implications for genetic mapping of complex diseases.

I began by studying two neighbouring villages in eastern Sudan that are of different ethnicity, Hausa and Masalit, and that appear to have different susceptibility to malaria and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Specifically, I investigated patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotypic signals of positive selection in the 5q31 genomic region which contains immune genes that have been implicated in susceptibility to malaria and VL.

In my first analysis, by genotyping 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5q31 region, I did not find signals of selection or population differentiation between the Hausa and Masalit using available statistical methods. I conceived the idea that patterns of LD might provide a more sensitive test of population differentiation, and I developed an approach for this using permutation analysis. This method revealed differentiation between the Hausa, the Masalit and other African ethnic groups.

To better understand signals of selection, I next studied a region of the genome associated with a known malaria resistance factor, the haemoglobin S (HbS) variant of the HBB gene. By genotyping 26 SNPs in the region of the HBB gene, I observed a haplotype that extended in excess of 1 Mb, despite being at high frequency and spanning several recombinational hotspots. This long haplotype carried the HbS allele but, importantly, it could be readily detected without typing the HbS variant.

Building on this observation, I designed a new method to screen the whole genome for long haplotypes that might be signals of selection, and developed a software programme to implement this method. I validated this method using haplotypic data for the Yoruba generated by the HapMap project and complemented by additional SNP data that I generated on HapMap cell lines, and found that the HbS allele resides on a haplotype that extends to 1.2 Mb, and is at strikingly high frequency compared to other haplotypes of similar length on the same chromosome.

Next I applied this method to a large family-based association study of severe malaria in The Gambia, and identified several novel genomic regions with unusually long haplotypes of high frequency. These included a number of regions that may be associated with resistance to severe malaria, and which merit further investigation.
Competing Ground States in Triple-layered Sr4Ru3O10: Verging on Itinerant Ferromagnetism with Critical Fluctuations
Creators: name: Cao, G.
name: Balicas, L.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Sun, Y. P.
name: Xin, Y.
name: Bondarenko, V. A.
name: Brill, J. W.
name: Parkin, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sr4Ru3O10 is characterized by a sharp metamagnetic transition and ferromagnetic behavior occurring within the basal plane and along the c-axis, respectively. Resistivity at magnetic field, B, exhibits low-frequency quantum oscillations when B||c-axis and large magnetoresistivity accompanied by critical fluctuations driven by the metamagnetism when B^c-axis. The complex behavior evidenced in resistivity, magnetization and specific heat presented is not characteristic of any obvious ground states, and points to an exotic state that shows a delicate balance between fluctuations and order.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Social support among HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents in Umlazi, South Africa : changes in family and partner relationships during pregnancy and the postpartum period
Creators: name: Moodley, Dhayendre
name: Hill, Lauren M.
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Groves, Allison K.
Publisher: name: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences

description: Background: Pregnancy is common among adolescents in South Africa, yet the social experiences of adolescents during the pregnancy and postpartum period remain understudied in this context. We aimed to explore how adolescent women’s discovery and disclosure of both their pregnancy and HIV status affected their relationships with family members and sexual partners, with a particular focus on whether and how support changed throughout this time period. Methods: We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescent women who were either pregnant or had delivered in the last 18 months from one urban clinic in Umlazi, South Africa. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, translated, and coded for analysis. Results: Young women described stress and instability in their relationships with family and partners during pregnancy and the postpartum period, though prior to and during HIV-status disclosure women generally experienced less stress than in disclosing their pregnancy to family members and partners. After a destabilizing period immediately following pregnancy disclosure, families became and remained the primary source of material and emotional support for the young women. Women discussed heightened closeness with their partners during pregnancy, but few women had close relationships with their partners postpartum. Support experiences did not differ by HIV status. Conclusion: Programs should be aware of the relative importance of pregnancy-related concerns over HIV-related concerns in this population of young women. Engaging family members is critical in ensuring social support for this population of young pregnant women, and in encouraging timely initiation of antenatal care.
Production and decay of the meson $B_c$
Creators: name: Chang, Chao-Hsi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies on the decay and production of $B_c (B^*_c)$ meson are briefly reviewed. Considering RUN-II of Tevatron and the schedule of LHC, the theoretical studies of $B_c$ meson will jump to a new stage not only for itself but also to implement the studies of the heavy quarkonia etc.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
title: Teachers' Professional Identity: a study into how teachers in one Slovenian primary school talk about their professional identity and work following participation in NLP-based CPD in comparison with other teachers
Creators: name: Dragovic, Tatjana
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2010

description: The study investigates how teachers in one Slovenian primary school talk about their professional identity and work following participation in Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP) based CPD in comparison with other teachers. NLP is usually defined as a behavioural model and a set of explicit techniques, developed by Bandler and Grinder (1976) by studying patterns created in interaction between brain, language and body. This study has defined NLP as an approach to developing professional practice through modelling. The background to the study was the researcher's personal experience of being a teacher in the midst of the conflicts in ex-Yugoslavia in the 1990s and the main aim has been to explore the teachers' subjective experiences and representations of their professional identity and their work with a hope of developing the professional practice. The study examined comparatively two groups of teachers (14 Slovenian primary school teachers) looking for similarities and differences in the way they talk about their professional identity and their work. The epistemological position of the study is interpretivism combined with several overarching frameworks including 'constructive' critical theory and a 'constructive' action research approach. Semi-structured interviews, non-participant structured observations, reflective diaries and video-stimulated interviews were used for data collection and the data was coded both deductively and inductively. The study showed significant differences and some similarities between the two groups of teachers and their way of talking about professional identity and their work. The teachers who attended NLP-based CPD tended to see themselves as nurturers/carers and awakeners, underpinning their professional identity with values such as fun, curiosity and enjoyment. The teachers who did not attend NLP-based CPD emphasized the importance of being an instructor, underpinning it with values such as responsibility, equality and fairness. Evidence suggests that teachers who attended NLP-based CPD talk about themselves as more self-sustained and in more positive terms than other teachers. They also appear more prepared to maintain their professional identity irrespective of personal, social or political changes/critical events. There was also evidence of similarities in the two groups' perception of the teacher identity as being multifaceted and teaching being a calling. The study can have interesting implications for the design of continuing professional development (CPD) courses, where less focus on skills and knowledge and more focus on beliefs, values and identity might be more effective.
Sovereign Debt Restructuring After Argentina
Creators: name: Porzecanski, Arturo
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.). School of International Service
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Sovereign debt restructurings may experience marginal changes as a result of recent modifications in contractual terms being incorporated into new bond issues, but for the most part they will likely resemble what has generally worked so well in recent decades to the satisfaction of most governments and private creditors. The statutory reforms that have been proposed to date are highly unlikely to gain traction for a variety of reasons, including the prospect that they would have been stymied when confronted with a rogue sovereign debtor such as Argentina.
Applied heat exchanger network retrofit for multi-period processes in industry: A hybrid evolutionary algorithm
Creators: name: Hofmann, René
name: Olsen, Donald
name: Ong, Benjamin Hung Yang
name: Stampfli, Jan
name: Wellig, Beat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Heat exchanger network (HEN)
Retrofit Multi-period
Meta-heuristics
Genetic algorithm
Differential evolution
Parallel processing
Lambert W-function

description: In Swiss process industry, process integration is often applied to retrofit existing plants with multi-period operation. Such periods may experience a high degree of variation in temperature or mass flow. Some process streams may not exist in every period or are soft streams. The resulting retrofitted network needs to be able to ensure feasible heat transfer in each period by the integration of mixer configurations to control the temperature. These attributes increase the complexity of the solution space. Hence, this work proposes an evolutionary two-level algorithm for heat exchanger network retrofit. Genetic algorithm is used for topology optimization and a differential evolution algorithm handles the heat loads. The algorithm is extended with practical constraints such as a maximum number of heat exchangers. Explicit mixer temperature calculations are implemented using the Lambert W-function. The algorithm was successfully applied to an industrial case study, reducing its total annual cost by approximately 66%.
description: + ID der Publikation: hslu_93469 + Art des Beitrages: Wissenschaftliche Medien + Jahrgang: 2022 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-10-26 17:30:39
Sovereign Debt Restructuring After Argentina
Creators: name: Porzecanski, Arturo
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Sovereign debt restructurings may experience marginal changes as a result of recent modifications in contractual terms being incorporated into new bond issues, but for the most part they will likely resemble what has generally worked so well in recent decades to the satisfaction of most governments and private creditors. The statutory reforms that have been proposed to date are highly unlikely to gain traction for a variety of reasons, including the prospect that they would have been stymied when confronted with a rogue sovereign debtor such as Argentina.
COEBA: A Coevolutionary Bat Algorithm for Discrete Evolutionary Multitasking
Creators: name: Osaba, Eneko
name: Del Ser, Javier
name: Yang, Xin-She
name: Iglesias, Andres
name: Galvez, Akemi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multitasking optimization is an emerging research field which has attracted lot of attention in the scientific community. The main purpose of this paradigm is how to solve multiple optimization problems or tasks simultaneously by conducting a single search process. The main catalyst for reaching this objective is to exploit possible synergies and complementarities among the tasks to be optimized, helping each other by virtue of the transfer of knowledge among them (thereby being referred to as Transfer Optimization). In this context, Evolutionary Multitasking addresses Transfer Optimization problems by resorting to concepts from Evolutionary Computation for simultaneous solving the tasks at hand. This work contributes to this trend by proposing a novel algorithmic scheme for dealing with multitasking environments. The proposed approach, coined as Coevolutionary Bat Algorithm, finds its inspiration in concepts from both co-evolutionary strategies and the metaheuristic Bat Algorithm. We compare the performance of our proposed method with that of its Multifactorial Evolutionary Algorithm counterpart over 15 different multitasking setups, composed by eight reference instances of the discrete Traveling Salesman Problem. The experimentation and results stemming therefrom support the main hypothesis of this study: the proposed Coevolutionary Bat Algorithm is a promising meta-heuristic for solving Evolutionary Multitasking scenarios.
description: 13 pages, 0 figures, paper submitted and accepted in the 11th workshop Computational Optimization, Modelling and Simulation (COMS 2020), part of the International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2020)
Gravitational Instantons of Type D_k
Creators: name: Cherkis, Sergey A.
name: Hitchin, Nigel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use two different methods to obtain Asymptotically Locally Flat hyperkahler metrics of type D_k.
description: 23 pages, LaTeX
Partisan Differences in Opinionated News Perceptions : A Test of the Hostile Media Effect
Creators: name: Feldman, Lauren
Publisher: name: Political Behavior
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4701
subject: Communication and media studies

description: The proliferation of opinion and overt partisanship in cable news raises questions about how audiences perceive this context. Of particular interest is whether audiences effectively perceive bias in opinionated news programs, and the extent to which there are partisan differences in these perceptions. Results from a series of three online experiments produce evidence for a relative hostile media phenomenon in the context of opinionated news. Although, overall, audiences perceive more story and host bias in opinionated news than in non-opinionated news, these perceptions - particularly perceptions of the host - vary as a function of partisan agreement with the news content. Specifically, issue partisans appear to have a "bias against bias," whereby they perceive less bias in opinionated news with which they are predisposed to agree than non-partisans and especially partisans on the other side of the issue.
Food Insecurity, Chronic Disease, and Health Among Working-Age Adults
Creators: name: Gregory, Christian A.
name: Coleman-Jensen, Alisha
name: Gregory, Christian A.
name: Coleman-Jensen, Alisha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Health
subject: chronic illness
subject: food insecurity
subject: self-assessed health
subject: working-age
subject: adults
subject: low-income

description: This report documents the strong correlation between food security status and chronic health conditions among working-age adults living at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty line (FPL). In general, lower food security is associated with higher probability of each of the chronic diseases we examine—hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), hepatitis, stroke, cancer, asthma, diabetes, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and kidney disease. Food security status is also strongly related to the likelihood of chronic disease in general, to the number of chronic conditions afflicting the sufferer, and to self-assessed health. Moreover, looking at the entire range of household food security (high, marginal, low, and very low) is important for understanding individuals’ experience of chronic illness and, more generally, health. Indeed, food security status is more strongly predictive of chronic illness in some cases even than income. Income is significantly associated with just 3 of the 10 chronic diseases examined in this report, while food insecurity is associated with all 10.