cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing cluster dynamics in RXCJ1504.1-0248 via radial and two-dimensional gas and galaxy properties
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu-Ying
name: Verdugo, Miguel
name: Klein, Matthias
name: Schneider, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied one of the most X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies in the REFLEX survey, RXC J1504.1-0248 (hereafter R1504; z=0.2153), using XMM-Newton X-ray imaging spectroscopy, VLT/VIMOS optical spectroscopy, and WFI optical imaging. The mass distributions were determined using both the so-called hydrostatic method with X-ray imaging spectroscopy and the dynamical method with optical spectroscopy, respectively, which yield M^{H.E.}_{500}=(5.81+/-0.49)*1.e14Msun and M^{caustic}_{500}=(4.17+/-0.42)*1e14Msun. According to recent calibrations, the richness derived mass estimates closely agree with the hydrostatic and dynamical mass estimates. The line-of-sight velocities of spectroscopic members reveal a group of galaxies with high-velocities (>1000 km/s) at a projected distance of about r^{H.E.}_{500}=(1.18+/-0.03) Mpc south-east of the cluster centroid, which is also indicated in the X-ray two-dimensional (2-D) temperature, density, entropy, and pressure maps. The dynamical mass estimate is 80% of the hydrostatic mass estimate at r^{H.E.}_{500}. It can be partially explained by the ~20% scatter in the 2-D pressure map that can be propagated into the hydrostatic mass estimate. The uncertainty in the dynamical mass estimate caused by the substructure of the high velocity group is ~14%. The dynamical mass estimate using blue members is 1.23 times that using red members. The global properties of R1504 obey the observed scaling relations of nearby clusters, although its stellar-mass fraction is rather low.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, A&A, accepted, typo corrections included
Additional file 1 of Preoperative aspartate aminotransferase to albumin ratio correlates with tumor characteristics and predicts outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative hepatectomy: a multicenter study
Creators: name: Peng, Wei
name: Shen, Junyi
name: Dai, Junlong
name: Leng, Shusheng
name: Xie, Fei
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Ran, Shun
name: Sun, Xin
name: Wen, Tianfu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics.
From inter-county commutes to megaregional development in Texas
Creators: name: Lan, Bolin
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Inter-county commute
Social network
Community detection
Mega-agglomeration

description: The study adopts network approach and measures the interconnection of Texas counties in an inter-county commuting network. Over the past decades, the Texas’s commuting landscape has been drastically shaped and changed by the economic ties amongst different areas. Commute plays a pivotal role in structing the economic geography. More specifically, this study employs a community detection algorithm from the field of network science, namely the Girvan-Newman algorithm, to examine how 254 counties in Texas are connected through over 9,000 commuting flows at county level during the 2011-2015. The analysis utilizes accessible ACS 5-year (2011-2015) County-to-County Commuting Flows data set as an example to reveal the county or metropolitan clusters and indicated regional agglomeration in Texas based on the interconnection strength between nodes. It was found that Texas has a dominant triangular commuting region, anchored by four large well-known metropolitan areas: Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio, Austin. Moreover, the commuting clusters at county level characterize the economic interaction among major metropolitan areas in Texas. Reflecting on the results from the community detection partitioning algorithm, the study emphasizes on the importance and necessity of detecting county clusters for megaregional planning strategies.
GS-WGAN: A Gradient-Sanitized Approach for Learning Differentially Private Generators
Creators: name: Chen, Dingfan
name: Orekondy, Tribhuvanesh
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The wide-spread availability of rich data has fueled the growth of machine learning applications in numerous domains. However, growth in domains with highly-sensitive data (e.g., medical) is largely hindered as the private nature of data prohibits it from being shared. To this end, we propose Gradient-sanitized Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (GS-WGAN), which allows releasing a sanitized form of the sensitive data with rigorous privacy guarantees. In contrast to prior work, our approach is able to distort gradient information more precisely, and thereby enabling training deeper models which generate more informative samples. Moreover, our formulation naturally allows for training GANs in both centralized and federated (i.e., decentralized) data scenarios. Through extensive experiments, we find our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art approaches across multiple metrics (e.g., sample quality) and datasets.
Vibrational Profiling of Brain Cells and Tumours using Atomic Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Nelson, Sultan
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Force Microscope
subject: brain tumor
subject: metabolism
subject: nanomotion detector
subject: vibration
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Oncology
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Nanoscopic mechanical vibration is observed as a periodic plasma-membrane fluctuation in living cells. The study of this physiological phenomenon is an emerging field of research. All prior experimental work has been limited to single cell study, including erythrocytes (1,2), leukocytes (3), and cardiomyocytes (4). Moreover, the intensity of fluctuation has been shown to be indicative of cells’ overall metabolic activity (5,6). The fluctuation can be modulated using pharmacological blockers (7,8), thus excluding stochastic Brownian motion as the sole explanation. Given our main interest in the potential clinical application of this phenomenon for qualitative and efficient brain tumor identification, we examined vibration waves emanating from cultured cells, and tissues harvested from the brains of newborn rats, as well as from brain tumors and neocortex specimens. In this research project, we first developed a novel atomic force microscope-based (AFM-based) mechanical vibration detection method and a custom-written MATLAB vibration signal analysis algorithm. The AFM system used in this report utilized sensitive cantilevers (probes) to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, and to improve overall performance. The method was also designed to detect cellular vibration without direct physical contact between the sample and the cantilever probe. Using this unique method, we recorded vibrations emitted from newborn rat hippocampus and cerebellum samples; these brain regions showed distinct vibration profiles. The effect of pharmacological agents on the tissue samples examined suggested synaptic activity is the major contributor to the subtle vibrations observed. For assessment of potential clinical applications of the method, we examined human surgical brain biopsy samples. Malignant astrocytoma tissue samples vibrated with markedly different frequency peaks and amplitude, compared to tissue from meningioma or normal lateral temporal cortex, thus providing a quantifiable measurement to accurately distinguish the three types of tissues. Lastly, we developed a method to convert cellular oscillation signals into sound within the frequency range of normal human hearing to provide medical specialists with a way to differentiate tumors from healthy brain tissue without the need for extensive, complex vibration, spectral analysis training. Evidence attested through this project has shown that vibrational profiling of cells and tissues can be adopted for simultaneous mapping of neuronal and metabolic activity in the brain. Further, the results of this research may have translational clinical implications as a prompt diagnostic technique, which may aid clinicians in discerning between healthy and cancerous tissues in real-time.
Instabilities for a relativistic electron beam interacting with a laser irradiated plasma
Creators: name: Nersisyan, Hrachya B.
name: Deutsch, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of a radiation field (RF) on the unstable modes developed in relativistic electron beam--plasma interaction are investigated assuming that $ω_{0} >ω_{p}$, where $ω_{0}$ is the frequency of the RF and $ω_{p}$ is the plasma frequency. These unstable modes are parametrically coupled to each other due to the RF and are a mix between two--stream and parametric instabilities. The dispersion equations are derived by the linearization of the kinetic equations for a beam--plasma system as well as the Maxwell equations. In order to highlight the effect of the radiation field we present a comparison of our analytical and numerical results obtained for nonzero RF with those for vanishing RF. Assuming that the drift velocity $\mathbf{u}_{b}$ of the beam is parallel to the wave vector $\mathbf{k}$ of the excitations two particular transversal and parallel configurations of the polarization vector $\mathbf{E}_{0}$ of the RF with respect to $\mathbf{k}$ are considered in detail. It is shown that in both geometries resonant and nonresonant couplings between different modes are possible. The largest growth rates are expected at the transversal configuration when $\mathbf{E}_{0}$ is perpendicular to $\mathbf{k}$. In this case it is demonstrated that in general the spectrum of the unstable modes in $ω$--$k$ plane is split into two distinct domains with long and short wavelengths, where the unstable modes are mainly sensitive to the beam or the RF parameters, respectively. In parallel configuration, $\mathbf{E}_{0} \parallel \mathbf{k}$, and at short wavelengths the growth rates of the unstable modes are sensitive to both beam and RF parameters remaining insensitive to the RF at long wavelengths.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
A complex analysis based derivation of multigrid smoothing factors of lexicographic Gauss-Seidel
Creators: name: Hocking, Laird Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis aims to present a unified framework for deriving analytical formulas for multigrid smoothing factors in arbitrary dimensions, under certain simplifying assumptions. To derive these expressions we rely on complex analysis and geometric considerations, using the maximum modulus principle and Mobius transformations. We restrict our attention to pointwise and block lexicographic Gauss-Seidel smoothers on a d-dimensional uniform mesh, where the computational molecule of the associated discrete operator forms a 2d+1 point star. In the pointwise case the effect of a relaxation parameter, as well as different choices of mesh ratio, are analyzed. The results apply to any number of spatial dimensions, and are applicable to high-dimensional versions of a few common model problems with constant coefficients, including the Poisson and anisotropic diffusion equations as well as the convection-diffusion equation. We show that in most cases our formulas, exact under the simplifying assumptions of Local Fourier Analysis, form tight upper bounds for the asymptotic convergence of geometric multigrid in practice. We also show that there are asymmetric cases where lexicographic Gauss-Seidel smoothing outperforms red-black Gauss-Seidel smoothing; this occurs for certain model convection-diffusion equations with high mesh Reynolds numbers.
sangeranalyseR: Simple and interactive processing of Sanger sequencing data in R
Creators: name: Kuan-Hao Chao
name: Kirston Barton
name: Palmer, Sarah
name: Lanfear, Robert
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: sangeranalyseR is an R package that provides fast, flexible, and reproducible workflows for processing your Sanger sequencing data. It allows users to go from loading reads to saving aligned contigs in 5 lines of R code by using sensible defaults. Most importantly, it’s free, it’s open source, and it’s in R.
Gravitational four-fermion interaction on the Planck scale
Creators: name: Khriplovich, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The four-fermion gravitational interaction is induced by torsion, and gets essential on the Planck scale. On this scale, the axial-axial contribution dominates strongly in the discussed interaction. The energy-momentum tensor, generated by this contribution, is analyzed, as well as stability of the problem with respect to compression. The trace of this energy-momentum tensor can be negative.
description: 4 pages, few comments added
A Formal Analysis of IEEE 802.11's WPA2: Countering the Kracks Caused by Cracking the Counters
Creators: name: Cremers, Cas
name: Kiesl, Benjamin
name: Medinger, Niklas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The IEEE 802.11 WPA2 protocol is widely used across the globe to protect network connections. The protocol, which is specified on more than three-thousand pages and has received various patches over the years, is extremely complex and therefore hard to analyze. In particular, it involves various mechanisms that interact with each other in subtle ways, which offers little hope for modular reasoning. Perhaps because of this, there exists no formal or cryptographic argument that shows that the patches to the core protocol indeed prevent the corresponding attacks, such as, e.g., the notorious KRACK attacks from 2017. In this work, we address this situation and present an extensive formal analysis of the WPA2 protocol design. Our model is the first that is detailed enough to detect the KRACK attacks; it includes mechanisms such as the four-way handshake, the group-key handshake, WNM sleep mode, the data-confidentiality protocol, and their complex interactions. Our analysis provides the first security argument, in any formalism, that the patched WPA2 protocol meets its claimed security guarantees in the face of complex modern attacks.
Bulk and Surface Nucleation Processes in Ag2S Conductance Switches
Creators: name: Morales-Masis, M.
name: van der Molen, S. J.
name: Hasegawa, T.
name: van Ruitenbeek, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied metallic Ag formation inside and on the surface of Ag2S thin films, induced by the electric field created with a STM tip. Two clear regimes were observed: cluster formation on the surface at low bias voltages, and full conductance switching at higher bias voltages (V > 70mV). The bias voltage at which this transition is observed is in agreement with the known threshold voltage for conductance switching at room temperature. We propose a model for the cluster formation at low bias voltage. Scaling of the measured data with the proposed model indicates that the process takes place near steady state, but depends on the STM tip geometry. The growth of the clusters is confirmed by tip retraction measurements and topography scans. This study provides improved understanding of the physical mechanisms that drive conductance switching in solid electrolyte memristive devices.
description: In press for PRB
title: Subjektive Bedarfe von Kindern und Jugendlichen
title: Forschungsbericht zur Pilot- und Machbarkeitsstudie für eine Bedarfserhebung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Herfurth, Esther
name: Steinhauer, Ramona
name: Stolz, Heinz-Jürgen
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2023
Subjects: Grundschulkinder
Jugendliche
Lebensbedingungen
Aufwachsen
Befragung

description: Was brauchen Kinder und Jugendliche für ein gutes Leben und Aufwachsen? Wie kann man sie mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens in unterschiedlichen Altersgruppen zu ihren Bedarfen befragen? Diesen Fragen wird in dem Forschungsbericht „Subjektive Bedarfe von Kindern und Jugendlichen“ nachgegangen. Grundlage dafür ist eine Pilot- und Machbarkeitsstudie, in der die Wissenschaftler:innen des Instituts für soziale Arbeit (ISA e. V.) sowohl Grundschulkinder in Nordrhein-Westfalen als auch Jugendliche von 16 bis 20 Jahren befragt haben.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kinder und Jugendliche realistisch und differenziert darüber Auskunft geben können, was sie für ein gutes Leben brauchen und welche Bedarfe für sie eine besonders große Bedeutung mit Blick auf ihr Aufwachsen sowie ihre Zukunft haben. Dabei wird auf der einen Seite deutlich, dass junge Menschen in vielen unterschiedlichen Bereichen Bedarfe auf einem hohen Niveau über die Altersgruppen hinweg artikulieren, z. B. freie Zeit, Mitbestimmung in der Schule oder auch Zuwendung und Fürsorge durch die Familie. Auf der anderen Seite finden sich auch je nach Alter unterschiedliche Bedarfe und Präferenzen.
Die Pilot- und Machbarkeitsstudie macht zudem deutlich, dass Bedarfe ungleichheitssensibel und unter einem erweiterten Ressourcenverständnis erhoben und analysiert werden sollten. Denn sowohl das Erleben von Mangel als auch einer guten Versorgung mit bestimmten Bedarfen können die Bedarfsartikulation von Kindern und Jugendlichen beeinflussen. Hier sind in der Studie innovative Wege beschritten worden, indem nicht nur tatsächlich vorhandene und objektivierte Merkmale (u. a. soziale Herkunft, elterliches kulturelles oder ökonomisches Kapital) erhoben wurden, sondern auch das subjektive Erleben und Empfinden durch die Kinder und Jugendlichen erfragt und einbezogen wurde.
Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie diskutieren wir aktuell mit Jugendlichen, die diese kommentieren, einordnen, aus ihrer Sicht wichtige Themen einbringen und kritisieren. Darauf aufbauend arbeiten wir an der Konzeption der Bedarfserhebung in den kommenden Jahren weiter und werden eine repräsentative Befragung für Deutschland aufsetzen. Denn wir brauchen eine solche regelmäßige und repräsentative Bedarfserhebung für und mit Kinder(n) und Jugendliche(n), um eine wirklich kind- und jugendgerechte Sozial-, Bildungs- und Kommunalpolitik gestalten zu können.
title: Affective intentionalities: practising performance with Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida
Creators: name: Wilson, Harry Robert
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Roland Barthes, theatre, performance, photography, practice-as-research, affect, theatricality, corporeality, temporality, Camera Lucida.

description: This thesis forms the complementary writing for my practice-as-research project “Affective Intentionalities: Practising Performance with Roland Barthes’s Camera Lucida”. Working with Barthes’s 1980 book about photography, the project goes beyond an application of Barthes’s ideas to creatively respond to Camera Lucida through performance. The project approaches this through the following research questions: What strategies might be useful for responding to Camera Lucida through performance? What new insights does this contribute to theatre and performance studies? What methodological contributions does this project make to the ways that writing and performance can be thought together in a practice-as-research context? This thesis, provides a critical context for the project by reviewing writing on Barthes from media theory, comparative literature, art history and theatre studies; it critically reflects on three performances made over the course of the PhD project: Involuntary Memory (2015), Kairos (2016), and After Camera Lucida (2017); and it re-presents photographic documentation and audience comments in a way that self-reflexively stages them in relation to the practical work. This complementary writing gestures towards the ways that the performances explored different inflections of performance time, the ways that the live body captured a tension between semiotic meaning and materiality and the relationships between the form of the performances and their ability to produce affect. These findings contribute to the overarching argument that a process of iterative creative response to Camera Lucida has allowed an exploration of dramaturgies of the body, time, affect and theatricality that open up the possibility of critically affective and radically compassionate relations between performance works and their audiences. As such, this project will be of interest to theatre and performance researchers, scholars of Barthes, and performance practitioners who are interested in the relationships between affect and meaning, temporality, performance and photography, practice and theory.
Adiabatic manipulations of Majorana fermions in a three-dimensional network of quantum wires
Creators: name: Halperin, Bertrand I.
name: Oreg, Yuval
name: Stern, Ady
name: Refael, Gil
name: Alicea, Jason
name: von Oppen, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that localized zero-energy Majorana states can be realized in a two-dimensional network of quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor wires that are proximity-coupled to a bulk superconductor. The wires should have strong spin-orbit coupling with appropriate symmetry, and their electrons should be partially polarized by a strong Zeeman field. Then, if the Fermi level is in an appropriate range, the wire can be in a topological superconducting phase, with Majorana states that occur at wire ends and at $Y$ junctions, where three topological superconductor segments may be joined. Here we generalize these ideas to consider a three-dimensional network. The positions of Majorana states can be manipulated, and their non-Abelian properties made visible, by using external gates to selectively deplete portions of the network, or by physically connecting and redividing wire segments. Majorana states can also be manipulated by reorientations of the Zeeman field on a wire segment, by physically rotating the wire about almost any axis, or by evolution of the phase of the order parameter in the proximity-coupled superconductor. We show how to keep track of sign changes in the zero-energy Hilbert space during adiabatic manipulations by monitoring the evolution of each Majorana state separately, rather than keeping track of the braiding of all possible pairs. This has conceptual advantages in the case of a three-dimensional network, and may be computationally useful even in two dimensions, if large numbers of Majorana sites are involved.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1: of BKCa participates in E2 inducing endometrial adenocarcinoma by activating MEK/ERK pathway
Creators: name: Wang, Fenfen
name: Chen, Qin
name: Huang, Genping
name: Guo, Xuedong
name: Li, Na
name: Li, Yang
name: Li, Baohua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. The information about the sequences. (DOCX 16 kb)
Rip/singularity free cosmology models with bulk viscosity
Creators: name: Meng, Xin-he
name: Ma, Zhi-yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present two concrete models of non-perfect fluid with bulk viscosity to interpret the observed cosmic accelerating expansion phenomena, avoiding the introduction of exotic dark energy. The first model we inspect has a viscosity of the form $ζ = ζ_0 + (ζ_1-ζ_2q)H$ by taking into account of the decelerating parameter q, and the other model is of the form $ζ = ζ_0 + ζ_1H + ζ_2H^2$. We give out the exact solutions of such models and further constrain them with the latest Union2 data as well as the currently observed Hubble-parameter dataset (OHD), then we discuss the fate of universe evolution in these models, which confronts neither future singularity nor little/pseudo rip. From the resulting curves by best fittings we find a much more flexible evolution processing due to the presence of viscosity while being consistent with the observational data in the region of data fitting. With the bulk viscosity considered, a more realistic universe scenario is characterized comparable with the ΛCDM model but without introducing the mysterious dark energy.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to EPJ-C
A Spectral Analysis of Noise:A Comprehensive, Automated, Formal Analysis of Diffie-Hellman Protocols
Creators: name: Girol, Guillaume
name: Hirschi, Lucca
name: Sasse, Ralf
name: Jackson, Dennis
name: Cremers, Cas
name: Basin, David
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The Noise specification describes how to systematically construct a large family of Diffie-Hellman based key exchange protocols, including the secure transports used by WhatsApp,Lightning, and WireGuard. As the specification only makes informal security claims, earlier work has explored which formal security properties may be enjoyed by protocols in the Noise framework, yet many important questions remain open.In this work we provide the most comprehensive, systematic analysis of the Noise framework to date. We start from first principles and, using an automated analysis tool, compute the strongest threat model under which a protocol is secure,thus enabling formal comparison between protocols. Our results allow us to objectively and automatically associate each informal security level presented in the Noise specification with a formal security claim. We also provide a fine-grained separation of Noise protocols that were previously described as offering similar security properties, revealing a subclass for which alternative Noise protocols exist that offer strictly better security guarantees. Our analysis also uncovers missing assumptions in the Noise specification and some surprising consequences,e.g.,in some situations higher security levels yield strictly worse security
Correlating Structural and Opto-electrical Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells
Creators: name: Alsari Almheiri, Mejd
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Perovskites
Solar cells
X-ray diffraction

description: Perovskite photovoltaics is one of the fastest growing opto-electronic technologies with device efficiencies currently exceeding 23%. The opportunity to deposit these abundant materials with large area solution processing techniques could make perovskites viable for low-cost production. However, since perovskite materials are prone to degradation, their lifetime needs to be improved to that of silicon solar cells before these devices can be commercialized. Moreover, unlike most semiconductors, trap densities in polycrystalline perovskite films in high-performing devices have been determined to be relatively large, suggesting a remarkable defect tolerance in perovskite films that needs to be understood in the context of the nature of the trap states and any residual non- radiative losses. These non-radiative losses are observed as photoluminescence heterogeneity within perovskite films, even for high-performing perovskite systems. In this work, we explore the degradation kinetics of perovskite devices under stress conditions and find that further stability improvements should focus on the mitigation of trap generation during ageing. Furthermore, we fabricate perovskite solar cells with a novel back-contact structure, in which electron- and hole-selective electrodes are co-positioned on the back side of the cell and spaced by 100 μm. By utilising grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, we show that even in the earliest stages of conversion of precursors to perovskite we achieve remarkably high open-circuit voltages, suggesting that the defect tolerance of perovskites appears at an early stage in the conversion process. Moreover, we employ scanning X-ray diffraction with nanofocused beam and obtain detailed information, revealing overlapping grains located at different depths within perovskite films. We find that the critical grain size is the longer-range structural super-grains rather than the grains viewed with conventional microscopy techniques. These findings further highlight the presence of structural defects in perovskite materials and provide important insights towards improving the optoelectronic behaviour of these materials.
Status  of the undulator-based positron source
Creators: name: Riemann, Sabine
name: Ushakov, Andriy
name: Moortgat-Pick, Gudrid
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2018

description: International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders, LCWS2018, Arlington (Texas), USA, 22 Oct 2018 - 26 Oct 2018
Adiabatic pumping in a double-dot Cooper-pair beam splitter
Creators: name: Hiltscher, Bastian
name: Governale, Michele
name: Splettstoesser, Janine
name: König, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study adiabatic pumping through a double quantum dot coupled to normal and superconducting leads. For this purpose a perturbation expansion in the tunnel coupling between the dots and the normal leads is performed and processes underlying the pumping current are discussed. Features of crossed Andreev reflection are investigated in the average pumped charge and related to local Andreev reflection in a single quantum dot. In order to distinguish Cooper pair splitting from quasi-particle pumping, we compare the properties of Cooper pair pumping with single-electron pumping in a system with only normal leads. The dependence on the average dot level and the coupling asymmetry turn out to be the main distinguishing features. This is contrasted with the linear conductance for which it is more difficult to distinguish single-particle from Cooper pair transport.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Implications of Alternative Moving Average Loan Rates
Creators: name: Langley, James A.
name: Price, J. Michael
name: Langley, James A.
name: Price, J. Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Adjustment rules
subject: agricultural policy
subject: moving average loan rate
subject: nonrecourse loan
subject: price support
subject: policy simulation

description: Setting flexible loan rates on the basis of a "weighted moving average of past market prices allows loan rates to adjust to changes in market trends, yet provides a safety net to farmers. Choice of the particular weight used and the combination of target price and acreage control programs in effect are important to the operation of the rule.
LePlaza : an event-centered social networking platform with location based personalized recommendation service
Creators: name: Lin, Cong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Web based social networking services have afforded opportunities for people to enrich their social lives by building new relationships and sharing various kinds of information. While many people are interested in questions such as “what interesting social events are happening nearby that I can join?”, few existing social networking sites have successfully provided easy solutions for people to explore and organize real social activities. This thesis represents an effort to offer an event-centered social networking platform through which the users can share real social events as well as scheduling their own events. To serve targeted events that are more likely to be of interest to a specific individual, a content-based user-interest model is proposed according to the assessment of the user’s historical activity records and the description of the events. An intelligent recommender system built upon the user-interest model is developed to make personalized recommendations on restaurants as a particular case study in which events are parameterized by user’s location, and the results are visualized in an interactive manner. Experiments and user studies show that the proposed model and algorithm effectively reflect the user’s personal preferences with satisfying recommendation accuracy for the case of dining events.
Limiting the impact of unreliable randomness in deployed security protocols
Creators: name: Akhmetzyanova, Liliya
name: Cremers, Cas
name: Garratt, Luke
name: Smyshlyaev, Stanislav
name: Sullivan, Nick
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Many cryptographic mechanisms depend upon the availability of securely generated random numbers. In practice,the sources of random numbers can be unreliable for many reasons, including bugs, compromise or subversion of standards. While there exist ways to significantly reduce the impact of unreliable randomness, these typically do not work well with practical constraints, such as long-term keys stored in hardware security modules. In practice, even modern protocols like TLS 1.3 lack such mechanisms and are therefore highly vulnerable to unreliable randomness.We propose a wrapper construction that reduces the impact of untrusted randomness, and which is is compatible with, and effective in, existing deployments of protocols such as TLS. We provide a security analysis of the construction and elaborate on design choices and practical interpretations. Our findings show that it is possible to effectively harden deployed protocols against unreliable randomness.
Depth in Bingo Closure
Creators: name: Beyerl, Jeffrey
name: Light, J. Bowman
name: Jamison, Robert E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C45

description: Bingo is played on a $5\times 5$ grid. Take the 25 squares to be the ground set of a closure system in which square $s$ is dependent on a set $S$ of squares iff $s$ completes a line - a row, column, or diagonal - with squares that are already in $S$. The closure of a set $S$ is obtained via an iterative process in which, at each stage, the squares dependent upon the current state are added. In this paper we establish for the $n \times n$ Bingo board the maximum number of steps required in this closure process.
description: 6 pages
Star formation laws in Luminous Infrared Galaxies. New observational constraints on models
Creators: name: Garcia-Burillo, S.
name: Usero, A.
name: Alonso-Herrero, A.
name: Gracia-Carpio, J.
name: Pereira-Santaella, M.
name: Colina, L.
name: Planesas, P.
name: Arribas, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observational study of star formation relations in galaxies is central to unraveling the physical processes at work on local and global scales. We wish to expand the sample of extreme starbursts, represented by local LIRGs and ULIRGs, with high quality observations in the 1-0 line of HCN. We study if a universal law can account for the star formation relations observed for the dense molecular gas in normal star forming galaxies and extreme starbursts. We have used the IRAM 30m telescope to observe a sample of 19 LIRGs in the 1-0 lines of CO, HCN and HCO+. The analysis of the new data proves that the efficiency of star formation in the dense molecular gas (SFE-dense) of extreme starbursts is a factor 3-4 higher compared to normal galaxies. We find a duality in Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) laws that is reinforced if we account for the different conversion factor for HCN (alpha-HCN) in extreme starbursts and for the unobscured star formation rate in normal galaxies. This result extends to the higher molecular densities probed by HCN lines the more extreme bimodal behavior of star formation laws, derived from CO molecular lines by two recent surveys. We have confronted our observations with the predictions of theoretical models in which the efficiency of star formation is determined by the ratio of a constant star formation rate per free-fall time (SFR-ff) to the local free-fall time. We find that it is possible to fit the observed differences in the SFE-dense between normal galaxies and LIRGs/ULIRGs using a common constant SFR-ff and a set of physically acceptable HCN densities, but only if SFR-ff~0.005-0.01 and/or if alpha-HCN is a factor of a few lower than our favored values. Star formation recipes that explicitly depend on the galaxy global dynamical time scales do not significantly improve the fit to the new HCN data presented in this work.
description: Accepted by A&A, 20 pages, 15 figures
Universal Composability is Secure Compilation
Creators: name: Patrignani, Marco
name: Wahby, Riad S.
name: Künnemann, Robert
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Universal composability is a framework for the specification and analysis of cryptographic protocols with a strong compositionality guarantee: UC protocols are secure even when composed with other protocols. Secure compilation tells whether compiled programs are as secure as their source-level counterparts, no matter what target-level code they interact with. These two disciplines are studied in isolation, but we believe there is a deeper connection between them with benefits from both worlds to reap. This paper outlines the connection between universal composability and robust compilation, the latest of secure compilation theories. We show how to read the universal composability theorem in terms of a robust compilation theorem and vice-versa. This, in turn, shows which elements of one theory corresponds to which element in the other theory. We believe this is the first step towards understanding how can secure compilation theories be used in universal composability settings and vice-versa.
Development of a New Real-Time Precise Point Positioning System
Creators: name: Yang, Hongzhou
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: New real-time PPP system
subject: Initial parameters
subject: Satellite orbit prediction
subject: Satellite clock offsets prediction
subject: scalable update rates
subject: Internet connection outages
subject: Geodesy

description: Real-time Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is drawing increasing attentions from both the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) community and real-time users with different applications, such as offshore navigation, precise agriculture and hazard warning. To meet the rapidly increasing demand, the International GNSS Service (IGS) Real-Time Service (RTS) is currently disseminating several real-time high-frequency State Space Representation (SSR) products through the Internet under the Networked Transport of Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) via the Internet Protocol (NTRIP) protocol. High availability of real-time PPP services requires high availability of precise orbit and clock corrections. Any correction outage, either due to corrupted ephemeris or loss of communication link, will degrade the availability of precise positioning using the service. Meanwhile, the communication burden is very heavy with such high update rates. To tackle the above limitations, a new robust real-time PPP system with higher availability is proposed in this thesis. The proposed system consists of three components regarding server end, communication end and user end. For the new real-time PPP system, the satellite orbit and clock Initial Parameters (IP) products are generated at the server end and broadcast to the user end for the generation of high precision orbit and clock products, afterwards, the real-time PPP can be carried out with the IP-based high precision satellite products. With the IP products, the real-time PPP system can operate with scalable update rates according to the various accuracy requests of different applications. Furthermore, the new real-time PPP system can continue during Internet connection outages, which is not uncommon in real applications due to the Internet connection losses. The prototype of the new real-time PPP system is developed and substantially tested in real-time.
Impact of Biofield Energy Treated Herbomineral Formulation on Mouse Dendritic and Splenocyte Cells for Modulation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
Creators: name: Salters, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: SMN - The ScienceMedia Network
Year: 2019
Subjects: Natural Sciences

description: The use of herbomineral formulation in the healthcare sector for different chronic diseases is gaining popularity due to its fewer side effects, high safety profile, and cost effectiveness. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated, consisting of four essential ingredients viz. herbal root extract (ashwagandha), and minerals (zinc, magnesium, and selenium). The study aims to evaluate the in vitro effect of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) on the test formulation using murine dendritic (DCs) and splenocyte cells. The herbomineral formulation was divided into two parts; one was represented as control, while the other part was treated with the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers (The Trivedi Effect®) and defined as the Biofield Treated formulation. The effect of the test formulation on these cells were monitored by an estimation of pro-inflammatory cytokines level such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α), and interleukin (IL-1β) in cell culture supernatants at the non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test formulation using MTT assay. The DCs were treated with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation at different concentrations (i.e. 1.05 to 1052.5 µg/mL) for 24 hours, and the results showed significant (p≤0.001) suppression of TNF-α levels at all the tested concentrations with a maximum percentage decrease by 43.64% at 5.2 µg/mL concentration in the Biofield Treated formulation as compared with the untreated test formulation. Further, the Biofield Treated formulation also demonstrated inhibition of MIP-1α and IL-1β at a concentration range of 0.0000105 to 10.5 µg/mL in LPS stimulated splenocyte cells. There was a significant (p≤0.001) inhibition of MIP-1α (26.52%) and IL-1β (35.28%) in the Biofield Treated test formulation at concentration 0.000105 µg/mL and 0.0000105 µg/mL, respectively in comparison to the untreated test formulation. Overall, these results suggest that the Biofield Energy Healing based herbomineral formulation (The Trivedi Effect®) significantly down-regulated the tested cytokines expression in DCs and splenocyte cells as compared to the untreated formulation. Therefore, the Biofield Healing based formulation might be useful as a better anti-inflammatory product for many chronic and acute inflammatory disease conditions and autoimmune disorders. The Biofield Energy Treatment based formulation can also be effectively applied in cases of organ transplants, stress management and anti-aging by improving overall health.
The two-dimensional periodic $b$-equation on the diffeomorphism group of the torus
Creators: name: Kohlmann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35, 53D25, 58D05

description: In this paper, the two-dimensional periodic $b$-equation is discussed under geometric aspects, i.e., as a geodesic flow on the diffeomorphism group of the torus $\T=S^1\times S^1$. In the framework of Arnold's [V.I. Arnold, Sur la géométrie différentielle des groupes de Lie de dimension infinie et ses applications à l'hydrodynamique des fluides parfaits. Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 16 (1966) 319-361] famous approach, we achieve some well-posedness results for the $b$-equation and we perform explicit curvature computations for the 2D Camassa-Holm equation, which is obtained for $b=2$. Finally, we explain the special role of the choice $b=2$ by giving a rigorous proof that $b=2$ is the only case in which the associated geodesic flow is weakly Riemannian.
description: 21 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1107.5404
LIVESGEO : a location-based multimedia knowledge sharing system
Creators: name: Chung, Yongik
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Learning is vitally important because we live and work in a rapidly changing world. As learning is acquisition of knowledge or skills through utilizing given information, it is critical that one needs to be literate in order to learn effectively. However, conventional learning materials are mostly targeted for literate audiences and delivered by the means of written materials in classical educational settings making it harder for illiterate audiences to engage in learning. This thesis introduces a novel location-based multimedia knowledge sharing system, named LIVESGEO, which takes advantages of advanced capabilities of smart-phones and mobile data networks to allow peer driven learning. The system allows illiterate audiences to easily create, share, search and rate knowledge contents on the spot. The system proposes a hybrid of client-server architecture and peer-to-peer architecture to efficiently circumvent the critical limitations and leverage the advantages of mobile devices. We also propose a novel mathematical framework to characterize relative popularity of a rated content based on its reputation and quality and justify the performance with empirical evaluations against popular rating frameworks. We also explore the applicability and usefulness of geo-tagged contents accumulated by LIVESGEO. To demonstrate this, we abstract the system into a spatial content cluster framework, which acts as an abstract layer between reverse-geocoded contents and applications to provide information about the contents that are clustered based on their geo-location, to allow unique applications to be built upon the system. In addition, we provide examples of such applications which utilize the spatial content cluster framework. In order to justify the use of reverse-geocoding to cluster contents geographically, we provide empirical analyses of reverse-geocoding by making novel use of two popular mathematical models in the field of cartography, namely the Haversine and Vincenty formulae.
Suppression of transverse instabilities of dark solitons and their dispersive shock waves
Creators: name: Armaroli, Andrea
name: Fratalocchi, Andrea
name: Trillo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of nonlocality, owing to diffusive behavior, on transverse instabilities of a dark stripe propagating in a defocusing cubic medium. The nonlocal response turns out to have a strongly stabilizing effect both in the case of a single soliton input and in the regime where dispersive shock waves develop "multisoliton regime". Such conclusions are supported by the linear stability analysis and numerical simulation of the propagation.