cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing postnatal Option B+ participation and breastfeeding duration among HIV-positive women in Lilongwe District, Malawi: A qualitative study
Creators: name: Hamela, Gloria
name: Hoffman, Irving F.
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Flax, Valerie L.
name: Mofolo, Innocent
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: To ensure the health of mothers and children, prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs test women for HIV, engage HIV-positive women in care, and promote recommended breastfeeding practices. Under Malawi’s Option B+ PMTCT program, ~20% of women are lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) and little is known about their breastfeeding practices. The purpose of this study is to describe facilitators and barriers to Option B+ participation and how participation influences breastfeeding duration. We conducted in-depth interviews with HIV-positive women in Option B+ (n = 32) or LTFU from Option B+ (n = 32). They were recruited from four government clinics in Lilongwe District and had a child aged 0–23 months. Women in Option B+ had better disclosure experiences and more social support than LTFU women. The most common reasons for LTFU were fear of HIV disclosure, anticipated or experienced stigma, and insufficient social support. Other reasons included: non-acceptance of HIV status, antiretroviral therapy (ART) side effects, lack of funds for transport, and negative experiences with clinic staff. Worries about possible transmission, even while on ART, influenced timing of weaning for some women in Option B+. Despite their knowledge of the risk of HIV transmission to the child, most LTFU women continued to breastfeed after stopping ART because they considered breastmilk to be an important source of nutrients for the child. Given that HIV-positive Malawian women LTFU from Option B+ breastfeed in the absence of ART, efforts are needed to use evidence-based strategies to address the barriers to Option B+ participation and avert preventable transmission through breastmilk.
Bounds on quantum adiabaticity in driven many-body systems from generalized orthogonality catastrophe and quantum speed limit
Creators: name: Chen, Jyong-Hao
name: Cheianov, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide two inequalities for estimating adiabatic fidelity in terms of two other more handily calculated quantities, i.e., generalized orthogonality catastrophe and quantum speed limit. As a result of considering a two-dimensional subspace spanned by the initial ground state and its orthogonal complement, our method leads to stronger bounds on adiabatic fidelity than those previously obtained. One of the two inequalities is nearly sharp when the system size is large, as illustrated using a driven Rice-Mele model, which represents a broad class of quantum many-body systems whose overlap of different instantaneous ground states exhibits orthogonality catastrophe.
description: 7+2 pages, 3 figures, published version + Supplemental Material
(Quasi-) de Sitter solutions across dimensions and the TCC bound
Creators: name: Andriot, David
name: Horer, Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the existence of string theory solutions with a $d$-dimensional (quasi-) de Sitter spacetime, for $3 \leq d \leq 10$. Considering classical compactifications, we derive no-go theorems valid for general $d$. We use them to exclude (quasi-) de Sitter solutions for $d \geq 7$. In addition, such solutions are found unlikely to exist in $d=6,5$. For each no-go theorem, we further compute the $d$-dependent parameter $c$ of the swampland de Sitter conjecture, $M_p \frac{|\nabla V|}{V} \geq c$. Remarkably, the TCC bound $c \geq \frac{2}{\sqrt{(d-1)(d-2)}}$ is then perfectly satisfied for $d \geq 4$, with several saturation cases. However, we observe a violation of this bound in $d=3$. We finally comment on related proposals in the literature, on the swampland distance conjecture and its decay rate, and on the so-called accelerated expansion bound.
description: 49 pages; v3: minor modifications
Effects of bond-randomness and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions on the specific heat at low temperatures of a spherical kagomé cluster in {W$_{72}$V$_{30}$}
Creators: name: Motohashi, Mikio
name: Inoue, Kouki
name: Morita, Katsuhiro
name: Fukumoto, Yoshiyuki
name: Nakano, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the spin-1/2 spherical kagomé cluster, as well as for the 2D kagomé lattice, many low-energy singlet excitations have been expected to exist in the energy region below the spin gap, which has been actually confirmed by Kihara $et \ al.$ in their specific heat measurements up to 10K in {W$_{72}$V$_{30}$}, for which the exchange interaction was estimated as $J=115$K. However, the experimental result of the specific heat can not be reproduced by the theoretical result in the Heisenberg model. Although the theoretical result has a peak around 2 K, the experimental one does not. To elucidate this difference, we incorporate Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions and bond-randomness into the model Hamiltonian for {W$_{72}$V$_{30}$} and calculate density of states, entropy, and specific heat at low temperatures by using the Lanczos method. We find that DM interactions do not significantly affect the energy distribution of about ten singlet states above the ground state, which are involved in the peak structure of the specific heat around 2K, while even 10% bond-randomness disperses this distribution to collapse the 2K peak. Kihara $et \ al.$ also reported experimental specific heats under magnetic fields up to 15T $(=0.17J)$, and found that the specific heats show almost no magnetic-field dependence, which strongly suggests that the bond randomness is much stronger than the magnetic fields. For example, our calculated specific heats with 50% randomness reproduce the experimental ones up to about 5K.
Galactic Dynamics in General Relativity: the Role of Gravitomagnetism
Creators: name: Ruggiero, Matteo Luca
name: Ortolan, Antonello
name: Speake, Clive C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a well known fact that, in the absence of Dark Matter, the observation of the rotation curves of galaxies cannot be explained in terms of Newtonian gravity. Rotation curves become flat in the outer regions, in contrast to what is expected according to Keplerian motion. Far from the galactic center, the gravitational field is supposed to be weak enough so we expect to be able to use Newtonian Gravity; however, even in the weak-field approximation, there are general relativistic effects without a Newtonian counterpart, such as the gravitomagnetic effects originating from mass currents. Using the gravitoelectromagnetic approach to the solution of Einstein equations in the weak-field and slow-motion approximation, we discuss some simple arguments that suggest the surprising result that gravitomagnetic effects may have a relevant role in better understanding the impact of Dark Matter on galactic dynamics. In addition, treating matter as a fluid of dust, we study the influence of post-Newtonian effects on the fluid vorticity.
description: 10 pages, revised to match the version accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Additional file 1 of Dual diagnosis of achondroplasia and mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly
Creators: name: Lyulcheva-Bennett, Ekaterina
name: Kershaw, Christopher
name: Baker, Eleanor
name: Gillies, Stuart
name: McCarthy, Emma
name: Higgs, Jenny
name: Canham, Natalie
name: Hennigan, Dawn
name: Parks, Chris
name: Bennett, Daimark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
IR-Improved DGLAP-CS QCD Parton Showers in Pythia8
Creators: name: Ward, B. F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the recently developed IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory into the showers in Pythia8, as this Monte Carlo event generator is in wide use at LHC. We show that, just as it was true in the IR-improved shower Monte Carlo Herwiri, which realizes the IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory in the Herwig6.5 environment, the soft limit in processes such as single heavy gauge boson production is now more physical in the IR-improved DGLAP-CS theory version of Pythia8. This opens the way to one's getting a comparison between the actual detector simulations for some of the LHC experiments between IR-improved and unimproved showers as Pythia8 is used in detector simulations at LHC whereas Herwig6.5, the environment of the only other IR-improved DGLAP-CS QCD MC in the literature, Herwiri1.031, is not any longer so used. Our achieving the availability of the IR-improved DGLAP-CS Pythia8 then is an important step in the further development of the LHC precision theory program under development by the author and his collaborators.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
On the Lorentz symmetry in conformally reduced Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Gégény, F.
name: Nagy, S.
name: Sailer, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The functional renormalization group treatment of the conform reduced Einstein-Hilbert gravity is extended by following the evolution of the time and space derivatives separately, in order to consider the Lorentz symmetry during the evolution. We found the Reuter fixed point in the ultraviolet region. It is shown that starting from the Gaussian fixed point the Lorentz symmetry breaks down in the vicinity of the Reuter fixed point. Similarly, in the symmetry broken phase it also breaks down in the infrared region close to a critical singularity scale. By calculating the anomalous dimension form the kinetic term of the action, we found a new relevant coupling belonging to the curvature.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Calculating the precision of tilt-to-length coupling estimation and noise subtraction in LISA using Fisher information
Creators: name: George, Daniel
name: Sanjuan, Jose
name: Fulda, Paul
name: Mueller, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tilt-to-length (TTL) noise from angular jitter in LISA is projected to be the dominant noise source in the milli-Hertz band unless corrected in post-processing. The correction is only possible after removing the overwhelming laser phase noise using time-delay interferometry (TDI). We present here a frequency domain model that describes the effect of angular motion of all three spacecraft on the interferometric signals after propagating through TDI. We then apply a Fisher information matrix analysis to this model to calculate the minimum uncertainty with which TTL coupling coefficients may be estimated. Furthermore, we show the impact of these uncertainties on the residual TTL noise in the gravitational wave readout channel, and compare it to the impact of the angular witness sensors' readout noise. We show that the residual TTL noise post-subtraction in the TDI variables for a case using the LISA angular jitter requirement and integration time of one day is limited to the 8\,pm/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ level by angular sensing noise. However, using a more realistic model for the angular jitter we find that the TTL coupling uncertainties are 70 times larger, and the noise subtraction is limited by these uncertainties to the 14\,pm/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ level.
First year physical activity findings from turn up the HEAT (Healthy Eating and Activity Time) in summer day camps
Creators: name: Weaver, R. Glenn
name: Moore, Justin B.
name: Turner-Mcgrievy, Gabrielle M.
name: Beets, Michael W.
name: Brazendale, Keith
name: Ward, Dianne S.
name: Huberty, Jennifer L.
name: Chandler, Jessica L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Summer day camps (SDCs) serve 14 million children yearly in the U.S. and aim to provide participating children with 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study evaluated an intervention designed to increase the percent of children meeting this MVPA guideline.
Comparative analysis of the white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta 072 laccases ability to modify 17β-oestradiol in the aqueous medium
Creators: name: Savinova, Olga S.
name: Solyev, Pavel N.
name: Fedorova, Tatiana V.
name: Kochetkov, Sergey N.
name: Savinova, Tatiana S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A comparative study of the ability of Trametes hirsuta laccase isoenzymes to biotransform 17β-oestradiol (3,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene, E2) was carried out. Native major LacA and recombinant minor isoenzymes (rLacC, rLacD, and rLacF) obtained in Penicillium canescens were used. It was found that all the studied isozymes are capable of catalysing the oxidative coupling of E2 in an aqueous medium (22 ± 2 °C, pH 4.5) with the formation of predominantly dimers and trimers. Other concurrently formed products were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography – high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC–HRMS) and characterized, summarizing the overall condensation pathway of E2 in laccases. The highest catalytic activity was observed for major LacA. For other laccases, the activity decreased in the following sequence rLacF > rLacD > rLacC. Utilization of T. hirsuta enzymatic variety of laccases can be of benefit for detoxification of phenol-like steroid compounds in the environment.
title: Psoas Hitch: offen vs. robotisch assistiert
Creators: name: Janusonis, Justas
name: Roosen, Alexander
name: Heiland, Markus
name: Ubrig, Burkhard
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die Harnleiterreimplantation in Kombination mit einem Psoas bladder hitch ist die Methode der Wahl zur Rekonstruktion von distalen Harnleiterläsionen. Mit Entwicklung der robotassistierten Operationsthechnik hat sich die robotisch assistierte Methode als Therapiealternative zur offenen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Supercooling of the A phase of $^3$He
Creators: name: Tian, Yefan
name: Lotnyk, Dmytro
name: Eyal, Anna
name: Zhang, Kuang
name: Zhelev, Nikolay
name: Abhilash, T. S.
name: Chavez, Aldo
name: Smith, Eric
name: Hindmarsh, Mark
name: Saunders, John
name: Mueller, Erich
name: Parpia, Jeevak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of the extreme purity, lack of disorder, and complex order parameter, the first-order superfluid $^3$He A-B transition is the leading model system for first order transitions in the early universe. Here we report on the path dependence of the supercooling of the A phase over a wide range of pressures below 29.3 bar at nearly zero magnetic field. The A phase can be cooled significantly below the thermodynamic A-B transition temperature. While the extent of supercooling is highly reproducible, it depends strongly upon the cooling trajectory: The metastability of the A phase is enhanced by transiting through regions where the A phase is more stable. We provide evidence that some of the additional supercooling is due to the elimination of B phase seeds formed upon passage through the superfluid transition. A greater understanding of the physics is essential before the $^3$He can be exploited to model transitions in the early universe.
description: 6 Figures
FastSurferVINN: Building Resolution-Independence into Deep Learning Segmentation Methods -- A Solution for HighRes Brain MRI
Creators: name: Henschel, Leonie
name: Kügler, David
name: Reuter, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Leading neuroimaging studies have pushed 3T MRI acquisition resolutions below 1.0 mm for improved structure definition and morphometry. Yet, only few, time-intensive automated image analysis pipelines have been validated for high-resolution (HiRes) settings. Efficient deep learning approaches, on the other hand, rarely support more than one fixed resolution (usually 1.0 mm). Furthermore, the lack of a standard submillimeter resolution as well as limited availability of diverse HiRes data with sufficient coverage of scanner, age, diseases, or genetic variance poses additional, unsolved challenges for training HiRes networks. Incorporating resolution-independence into deep learning-based segmentation, i.e., the ability to segment images at their native resolution across a range of different voxel sizes, promises to overcome these challenges, yet no such approach currently exists. We now fill this gap by introducing a Voxelsize Independent Neural Network (VINN) for resolution-independent segmentation tasks and present FastSurferVINN, which (i) establishes and implements resolution-independence for deep learning as the first method simultaneously supporting 0.7-1.0 mm whole brain segmentation, (ii) significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods across resolutions, and (iii) mitigates the data imbalance problem present in HiRes datasets. Overall, internal resolution-independence mutually benefits both HiRes and 1.0 mm MRI segmentation. With our rigorously validated FastSurferVINN we distribute a rapid tool for morphometric neuroimage analysis. The VINN architecture, furthermore, represents an efficient resolution-independent segmentation method for wider application
description: accepted at NeuroImage
Using New Approaches to obtain Gibbs Measures of Vannimenus model on a Cayley tree
Creators: name: Akin, Hasan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider Vannimenus model with competing nearest-neighbors and prolonged next-nearest-neighbors interactions on a Cayley tree. For this model we define Markov random fields with memory of length 2. By using a new approach, we obtain new sets of Gibbs measures of Ising-Vannimenus model on Cayley tree of order 2. We construct the recurrence equations corresponding Ising-Vannimenus model. We prove the Kolmogorov consistency condition. We investigate the translation-invariant and periodic non transition-invariant Gibbs measures for the model. We find new sets of Gibbs measures different from the Gibbs measures given in the references \cite{NHSS,FreeMA}. We show that some of the measures are extreme Gibbs distributions.
description: 18 Pages, 11 figures, Chinese Journal of Physics 2016
title: Optimale robotische Neoblasenkonfiguration
Creators: name: Roosen, Alexander
name: Heiland, Markus
name: Schöning, Uta
name: Krause, Martin
name: Janusonis, Justas
name: Jaeger, Jens
name: Paulics, Laszlo
name: Boy, Anselm
name: Ubrig, Burkhard
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Nachdem anfängliche Zweifel an der onkologischen Sicherheit durch aktuelle Studien ausgeräumt werden konnten, wird die robotische Zystektomie mit intrakorporaler Harnableitung zunehmend auch in Deutschland von spezialisierten Zentren angeboten. Als besondere Herausforderung an [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Flat and complex temperate reefs provide similar support for fish: Evidence for a unimodal species-habitat relationship
Creators: name: Paxton, Avery B.
name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: Adler, Alyssa M.
name: Pickering, Emily A.
name: Taylor, J. Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Structural complexity, a form of habitat heterogeneity, influences the structure and function of ecological communities, generally supporting increased species density, richness, and diversity. Recent research, however, suggests the most complex habitats may not harbor the highest density of individuals and number of species, especially in areas with elevated human influence. Understanding nuances in relationships between habitat heterogeneity and ecological communities is warranted to guide habitat-focused conservation and management efforts. We conducted fish and structural habitat surveys of thirty warm-temperate reefs on the southeastern US continental shelf to quantify how structural complexity influences fish communities. We found that intermediate complexity maximizes fish abundance on natural and artificial reefs, as well as species richness on natural reefs, challenging the current paradigm that abundance and other fish community metrics increase with increasing complexity. Naturally occurring rocky reefs of flat and complex morphologies supported equivalent abundance, biomass, species richness, and community composition of fishes. For flat and complex morphologies of rocky reefs to receive equal consideration as essential fish habitat (EFH), special attention should be given to detecting pavement type rocky reefs because their ephemeral nature makes them difficult to detect with typical seafloor mapping methods. Artificial reefs of intermediate complexity also maximized fish abundance, but human-made structures composed of low-lying concrete and metal ships differed in community types, with less complex, concrete structures supporting lower numbers of fishes classified largely as demersal species and metal ships protruding into the water column harboring higher numbers of fishes, including more pelagic species. Results of this study are essential to the process of evaluating habitat function provided by different types and shapes of reefs on the seafloor so that all EFH across a wide range of habitat complexity may be accurately identified and properly managed.
A Metagenomic and Metaproteomic Analysis of River-Associated Communities
Creators: name: Parker-Dow, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Rivers are vulnerable to human influences and climate change, therefore studying them is increasingly important if they are to be preserved. Here, the effect of a prolonged period of inundation on biological communities at a specific sampling site in Lane Cove River was investigated. The composition, structure, and functionality of the communities was examined through metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses. Metagenomic analyses revealed marked differences in the composition and structure of the communities sampled in 2021 and 2022. The observed decrease from 5,278 to 3,024 validly designated sequence variants, suggested a community-wide loss in biodiversity. The eukaryotic families of Neoptera, Bdelloidea, and Bacillariophyceae, were abundant in the 2022 communities. However, unique sequences, corresponding to bacteria, protists, algae, diatoms, fungi, animals, and plants, were identified in both the 2021 and 2022 sequencing data, suggesting the communities remain taxonomically diverse and ecologically productive. The metaproteomic analysis of the 2022 communities identified 134,427 peptides which mapped to 1,666 reproducibly identified proteins, with notable biological functions including photosynthesis and methane oxidation. Metaproteomic analyses provided evidence supporting the identification of specific organisms in the communities such as methylotrophs, cyanobacteria, insects and bdelloid rotifers, while indicating the main substrate constituent of the communities is an uncharacterized moss.
Performance analysis of continuous-variable quantum key distribution using non-Gaussian states
Creators: name: Aguiar, L. S.
name: Borelli, L. F. M.
name: Roversi, J. A.
name: Vidiella-Barranco, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study, we analyze the efficiency of a protocol with discrete modulation of continuous variable non-Gaussian states, the coherent states having one photon added and then one photon subtracted (PASCS). We calculate the secure key generation rate against collective attacks using the fact that Eve's information can be bounded based on the protocol with Gaussian modulation, which in turn is unconditionally secure. Our results for a four-state protocol show that the PASCS always outperforms the equivalent coherent states protocol under the same environmental conditions. Interestingly, we find that for the protocol using discrete-modulated PASCS, the noisier the line, the better will be its performance compared to the protocol using coherent states. Thus, our proposal proves to be advantageous for performing quantum key distribution in non-ideal situations.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Softly broken symmetries in the 2HDM -- an invariant formulation
Creators: name: Ferreira, Pedro M.
name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Ogreid, Odd Magne
name: Osland, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft breaking of a symmetry requires an invariance of the dimension-4 part of the Lagrangian and non-trivial variation of the lower-dimensional part. However, in general, separation between the dim-4 and lower-dimensional Lagrangian is not invariant with respect to basis transformations of fields. Therefore, a natural question of the physical meaning of soft symmetry breaking arises. This problem is addressed here in the framework of two-Higgs-Doublet Models (2HDM). It has been shown, within these models, that in spite of the ambiguity corresponding to the separation between dim-4 and the lower-dimension Lagrangian, implications of the soft symmetry breaking could be formulated in terms of observables, i.e., they are physical and measurable. There are six global symmetries that can be imposed on the scalar sector of the generic 2HDM. Necessary and sufficient tree-level conditions for soft breaking of all of them have been formulated in terms of observables.
description: 40 pages, 1 figure, matches published version
A biocatalytic system obtained via immobilization of urease onto magnetic metal/alginate nanocomposite: Improving reusability and enhancing stability
Creators: name: Almaghrabi, Omar
name: Almulaiky, Yaaser Q.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: Alginate is a biomaterial that is considered suitable for enzyme immobilization. The biocompatibility and characteristics of the immobilized system can be improved by combining alginate with magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of magnetite Fe3O4 NPs on urease immobilization using different concentrations of magnetite Fe3O4 NPs. The morphological features for alginate/magnetite Fe3O4 NPs before and after immobilization were studied using an SEM, TGA, and FTIR. The reusability, half-life, enzymatic kinetics, and storage stability of the enzyme were all enhanced. The immobilization efficiency was determined to be 91% at optimal conditions. The immobilized urease was reused 20 times and a recovery of 59% of the initial activity. The soluble and immobilized urease was stored at 4 °C for 12 weeks and preserved 13% and 49% of the initial activities, respectively. The optimum pH for soluble and immobilized urease activity was estimated to be 7. The optimum temperature for soluble and immobilized urease activity was found to be 35 °C and 40 °C, respectively. The kinetics parameters showed the Vmax of 4.4 and 3.1 μmol/ml·min and the Km of 49.5 and 54.6 mM for the soluble and immobilized urease, respectively. Immobilized urease had a half-life of 11–20 min. The activation energy (Ea) of immobilized urease was determined to be 32 kJ K−1 mol−1, indicating that a small quantity of energy is required to produce the activated complex of substrate hydrolysis.
Further Development of the Assessment of Military Multitasking Performance: Iterative Reliability Testing
Creators: name: Cecchini, Amy S.
name: Radomski, Mary V.
name: Smith, Laurel B.
name: McCulloch, Karen L.
name: Scherer, Matthew R.
name: Weightman, Margaret M.
name: Finkelstein, Marsha
name: Davidson, Leslie F.
name: Heaton, Kristin J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The Assessment of Military Multitasking Performance (AMMP) is a battery of functional dual-tasks and multitasks based on military activities that target known sensorimotor, cognitive, and exertional vulnerabilities after concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The AMMP was developed to help address known limitations in post concussive return to duty assessment and decision making. Once validated, the AMMP is intended for use in combination with other metrics to inform duty-readiness decisions in Active Duty Service Members following concussion. This study used an iterative process of repeated interrater reliability testing and feasibility feedback to drive modifications to the 9 tasks of the original AMMP which resulted in a final version of 6 tasks with metrics that demonstrated clinically acceptable ICCs of > 0.92 (range of 0.92–1.0) for the 3 dual tasks and > 0.87 (range 0.87–1.0) for the metrics of the 3 multitasks. Three metrics involved in recording subject errors across 2 tasks did not achieve ICCs above 0.85 set apriori for multitasks (0.64) and above 0.90 set for dual-tasks (0.77 and 0.86) and were not used for further analysis. This iterative process involved 3 phases of testing with between 13 and 26 subjects, ages 18–42 years, tested in each phase from a combined cohort of healthy controls and Service Members with mTBI. Study findings support continued validation of this assessment tool to provide rehabilitation clinicians further return to duty assessment methods robust to ceiling effects with strong face validity to injured Warriors and their leaders.
Spontansprachvideos für die Lehrveranstaltung Phonetischphonologische Störungen. Materialien zur Vermittlung von Kompetenzen für die Diagnostik von phonetisch-phonologischen Prozessen
Creators: name: Andenmatten, Mara
name: Keller, Valerie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Logopädie
phonetisch-phonologische Störung
Kind
Sprachvideo
Bachelorarbeit

description: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Entwicklungsarbeit wurden Materialien entwickelt, die in der Lehrveranstaltung Phonetisch-phonologische Störungen im Studiengang Logopädie an der Hochschule für Heilpädagogik (HfH) verwendet werden können. Dabei handelt es sich um Videos, die Spontansprache von Kindern mit phonetisch-phonologischen Störungen zeigen, sowie Transkripte, Übungsideen und eine Begleitbroschüre für Dozierende. Die Videosequenzen wurden anhand von fünf phonetisch-phonologischen Kriterien ausgewählt, welche im Verlauf des Prozesses evaluiert wurden. In der Arbeit werden theoretische Grundlagen zu Phonetik-Phonologie, diagnostischen Kompetenzen in der Logopädie, Videos in der Lehre und impliziten Lerntheorien bearbeitet. Nachdem die Studierenden des Jahrgangs LOG 2023 in der Lehrveranstaltung einen Einblick in das Produkt erhielten, gaben sie eine Beurteilung mittels Online-Fragebogen ab. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Produkt als wichtige Erweiterung zu den theoretischen Anteilen der Lehrveranstaltung eingestuft wird und welche diagnostischen Kompetenzen aus Sicht der Studierenden mittels der videobasierten Lehre vermittelt werden können. Somit kann das Produkt einen ergänzenden Beitrag zur qualitativen Verbesserung der Lehrveranstaltung leisten.
title: Ergebnisse der rigiden, perinealen 3 Tesla MRT-fusionierten Prostatastanzbiopsie bei 68 Patienten in einem Prostatazentrum (DPVZ)
Creators: name: Gmelin, Moriz Johannes
name: Hauser, Sven
name: Planz, Bernhard
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: In dieser Studie sollen die Daten der rigiden, perinealen 3 Tesla MRT-fusionierten Prostatastanzbiopsie in einem Prostatazentrum anhand einer prospektiven Studie ausgewertet werden. In den S3-Leitlinien der DGU zur Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms (PCa) ist bei negativen Prostatastanzbiopsien[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Handing off the outcome of binary neutron star mergers for accurate and long-term post-merger simulations
Creators: name: Armengol, Federico G. Lopez
name: Etienne, Zachariah B.
name: Noble, Scott C.
name: Kelly, Bernard J.
name: Werneck, Leonardo R.
name: Drachler, Brendan
name: Campanelli, Manuela
name: Cipolletta, Federico
name: Zlochower, Yosef
name: Murguia-Berthier, Ariadna
name: Ennoggi, Lorenzo
name: Avara, Mark
name: Ciolfi, Riccardo
name: Faber, Joshua
name: Fiacco, Grace
name: Giacomazzo, Bruno
name: Gupte, Tanmayee
name: Ha, Trung
name: Krolik, Julian H.
name: Mewes, Vassilios
name: O'Shaughnessy, Richard
name: Rueda-Becerril, Jesús M.
name: Schnittman, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform binary neutron star (BNS) merger simulations in full dynamical general relativity with IllinoisGRMHD, on a Cartesian grid with adaptive-mesh refinement. After the remnant black hole has become nearly stationary, the evolution of the surrounding accretion disk on Cartesian grids over long timescales (1s) is suboptimal, as Cartesian coordinates over-resolve the angular coordinates at large distances, and the accreting plasma flows obliquely across coordinate lines dissipating angular momentum artificially from the disk. To address this, we present the Handoff, a set of computational tools that enables the transfer of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) and spacetime data from IllinoisGRMHD to HARM3D, a GRMHD code that specializes in modeling black hole accretion disks in static spacetimes over long timescales, making use of general coordinate systems with spherical topology. We demonstrate that the Handoff allows for a smooth and reliable transition of GRMHD fields and spacetime data, enabling us to efficiently and reliably evolve BNS dynamics well beyond merger. We also discuss future plans, which involve incorporating advanced equations of state and neutrino physics into BNS simulations using the \handoff approach.
description: 27 pages, 22 figures
Periodic and solitary waves generating in optical fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers with distributed parameters
Creators: name: Kruglov, Vladimir I.
name: Triki, Houria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study self-similar dynamics of picosecond light pulses generating in optical fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers with distributed parameters. A rich variety of periodic and solitary wave solutions are derived for the governing generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with varying coefficients in the presence of gain effect. The constraint on distributed optical fiber parameters for the existence of these wave solutions is presented. The dynamical behaviour of those self-similar waves is discussed in a periodic distributed amplification system. The stability of periodic and solitary wave solutions is also studied numerically by adding white noise. It is proved by using the numerical split-step Fourier method that the profile of these nonlinear self-similar waves remains unchanged during evolution.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.10975
Effect of Quantum Statistics on Computational Power of Atomic Quantum Annealers
Creators: name: Luo, Yuchen
name: Li, Xiaopeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum particle statistics fundamentally controls the way particles interact, and plays an essential role in determining the properties of the system at low temperature. Here we study how the quantum statistics affects the computational power of quantum annealing. We propose an annealing Hamiltonian describing quantum particles moving on a square lattice and compare the computational performance of the atomic quantum annealers between two statistically-different components: spinless fermions and hard-core bosons. In addition, we take an Ising quantum annealer driven by traditional transverse-field quantum fluctuations as a baseline. The potential of our quantum annealers to solve combinatorial optimization problems is demonstrated on random 3-regular graph partitioning. We find that the bosonic quantum annealer outperforms the fermionic case. The superior performance of the bosonic quantum annealer is attributed to larger excitation gaps and the consequent smoother adiabatic transformation of its instantaneous quantum ground states. Along our annealing schedule, the bosonic quantum annealer is less affected by the glass order and explores the Hilbert space more efficiently. Our theoretical finding could shed light on constructing atomic quantum annealers using Rydberg atoms in optical lattices.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
title: Expression des Mikrotubuli-assoziierten Proteins 2 (MAP2) im Prostatakarzinom und dessen prognostische Relevanz im Hinblick auf ein PSA-Rezidiv nach Prostatektomie
Creators: name: Stein, Johannes
name: Krappe, Eliane
name: Ellinger, Jörg
name: Müller, Stefan C.
name: Kristiansen, Glen
name: Majores, Michael
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Das Mikrotubuli-assoziierte Protein 2 (MAP2) wird hauptsächlich in Nervenzellen exprimiert und fungiert als dendritisches Strukturprotein. Es spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für die Stabilisierung von Mikrotubuli, die Tubulinpolymerisation und die Verankerung von regulatorischen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TTK impairs pancreatic cancer cell line growth by inducing lethal chromosomal instability
Creators: name: Yeh, Jen Jen
name: Stratford, Jeran K.
name: Yan, Feng
name: Graves, Lee M.
name: Major, Michael B.
name: Der, Channing J.
name: Hill, Rebecca A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which accounts for the majority of pancreatic cancers, is a lethal disease with few therapeutic options. Genomic profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has identified a complex and heterogeneous landscape. Understanding the molecular characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma will facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic strategies. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of primary tumors from patients compared to normal pancreas and identified high co-overexpression of core components of the spindle assembly checkpoint, including the protein kinase TTK (also known as MPS-1). We found overexpression of TTK protein in a subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary tumors and cell lines. siRNA-mediated depletion or catalytic inhibition of TTK resulted in an aberrant cell cycle profile, multi- and micro-nucleation, induction of apoptosis, and decreased cell proliferation and transformed growth. Selective catalytic inhibition of TTK caused override of the spindle assembly checkpoint-induced cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, we identified ubiquitin specific peptidase 16 (Usp16), an ubiquitin hydrolase, as a phosphorylation substrate of TTK. Usp16 regulates chromosomal condensation and G2/M progression by deubiquitinating histone H2A and polo-like kinase 1. Phosphomimetic mutants of Usp16 show enhanced proteosomal degradation and may prolong the G2/M transition allowing for correction of replication errors. Taken together, our results suggest a critical role for TTK in preventing aneuploidy-induced cell death in pancreatic cancer.
Aerosol Effect on the Mobility of Cloud Droplets
Creators: name: Koren, Ilan
name: Altaratz, Orit
name: Dagan, Guy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cloud droplet mobility is referred to here as a measure of the droplets ability to move with ambient air. We claim that an important part of the aerosol effect on convective clouds is driven by changes in droplet mobility. We show that the mass-weighted average droplet terminal velocity, defined here as the effective terminal velocity (eta) and its spread (sigma_eta) serve as direct measures of this effect. Moreover, we develop analytical estimations for eta and sigma_eta to show that changes in the relative dispersion of eta (epsilon_eta = sigma_eta/eta) can serve as a sensitive predictor of the onset of droplet-collection processes.
description: Published in ERL; 10 pages, 4 figures
Comments on the Aharonov-Bohm Effect
Creators: name: Shigemoto, Kazuyasu
name: Uehara, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the original setting of the Aharonov-Bohm, the gauge invariant physical longitudinal mode of the vector potential, which is written by the gauge invariant physical current $(-e)\barψ{\boldsymbol γ} ψ$, gives the desired contribution to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. While the scalar mode of the vector potential, which changes under the gauge transformation so that it is the unphysical mode, give no contribution to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Then Aharonov-Bohm effect really occurs by the physical longitudinal mode in the original Aharonov-Bohm's setting. In the setting of Tonomura {\it et al.}, where the magnet is shielded with the superconducting material, not only the magnetic field but also the longitudinal mode of the vector potential become massive by the Meissner effect. Then not only the magnetic field but also the physical longitudinal mode does not come out to the region where the electron travels. In such setting, only the scalar mode of the vector potential exists in the region where the electron travels, but there is no contribution to the Aharonov-Bohm effect from that mode. Then, theoretically, the Aharonov-Bohm effect does not occur in the Tonomura {\it et al.}'s setting. In the quantum theory, the electron is treated as the wave, and the longitudinal mode give the change of the phase, which gives the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In the classical theory, the electron is treated as the particle, and the only existing longitudinal mode gives the change of the angular momentum. For the particle, there is no concept of the phase, so that there is no Aharonov-Bohm effect.
description: 9 pages
Thermodynamic, magnetic and transport properties of the repulsive Hubbard model on the kagome lattice
Creators: name: Medeiros-Silva, Andressa R.
name: Costa, Natanael C.
name: Paiva, Thereza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past decades, magnetic frustration has been under intense debate due to its unusual properties. For instance, frustration in the kagome lattice suppresses long range spin correlations and it is expected to be a candidate for a spin liquid system. Therefore, with the advent of experiments with ultra-cold atoms, the interest for frustrated geometries has increased. Given this, in the present work we investigate the repulsive Hubbard model on the kagome lattice by unbiased quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We examine its thermodynamic properties, as well as the magnetic and transport response of the system at finite temperatures and different values of the repulsive interaction. From these results, we discuss the possible occurrence of adiabatic cooling, a quite important feature in ultra-cold systems, and the presence of a metal-to-insulator transition at a finite interaction strength. Our findings may guide future experiments in ultra-cold fermionic atoms on the kagome lattice.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
RADI: A low-rank ADI-type algorithm for large scale algebraic Riccati equations
Creators: name: Benner, Peter
name: Bujanović, Zvonimir
name: Kürschner, Patrick
name: Saak, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A24, 15A18, 65F15, 65F30, 93B52

description: This paper introduces a new algorithm for solving large-scale continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations (CARE). The advantage of the new algorithm is in its immediate and efficient low-rank formulation, which is a generalization of the Cholesky-factored variant of the Lyapunov ADI method. We discuss important implementation aspects of the algorithm, such as reducing the use of complex arithmetic and shift selection strategies. We show that there is a very tight relation between the new algorithm and three other algorithms for CARE previously known in the literature -- all of these seemingly different methods in fact produce exactly the same iterates when used with the same parameters: they are algorithmically different descriptions of the same approximation sequence to the Riccati solution.