cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Drug–gene interactions and the search for missing heritability: a cross-sectional pharmacogenomics study of the QT interval
Creators: name: Sitlani, C M
name: Arnett, D K
name: Liu, Y
name: Newton-Cheh, C
name: Arking, D E
name: Eijgelsheim, M
name: Evans, D S
name: Kristiansson, K
name: Nieminen, M S
name: Harris, T B
name: Hsueh, W-C
name: Laaksonen, M
name: Heckbert, S R
name: Bis, J C
name: Garcia, M E
name: Isaacs, A
name: Avery, C L
name: Jukema, J W
name: Gudnason, V
name: Knekt, P
name: Li, X
name: MacFarlane, P W
name: Kors, J A
name: Boerwinkle, E
name: Hochner, H
name: Ida Chen, Y-D
name: Enquobahrie, D
name: Buckley, B M
name: Krijthe, B P
name: Hofman, A
name: Ford, I
name: de Craen, A J M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Variability in response to drug use is common and heritable, suggesting that genome-wide pharmacogenomics studies may help explain the “missing heritability” of complex traits. Here, we describe four independent analyses in 33,781 participants of European ancestry from ten cohorts that were designed to identify genetic variants modifying the effects of drugs on QT interval duration (QT). Each analysis cross-sectionally examined four therapeutic classes: thiazide diuretics (prevalence of use=13.0%), tri/tetracyclic antidepressants (2.6%), sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents (2.9%), and QT prolonging drugs as classified by the University of Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (4.4%). Drug-gene interactions were estimated using covariable adjusted linear regression and results were combined with fixed-effects meta-analysis. Although drug-SNP interactions were biologically plausible and variables were well-measured, findings from the four cross-sectional meta-analyses were null (Pinteraction>5.0×10−8). Simulations suggested that additional efforts, including longitudinal modeling to increase statistical power, are likely needed to identify potentially important pharmacogenomic effects.
Polygenic inheritance of paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy driven by axon outgrowth gene sets in CALGB 40101 (Alliance)
Creators: name: Witte, J S
name: Stahl, E A
name: Chhibber, A
name: Winer, E P
name: Ritchie, M D
name: Shulman, L N
name: McLeod, H L
name: Plenge, R M
name: Ratain, M J
name: Kroetz, D L
name: Zembutsu, H
name: Mefford, J
name: Kubo, M
name: Li, M
name: Pendergrass, S A
name: Baldwin, R M
name: Owzar, K
name: Hudis, C A
name: Nakamura, Y
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Peripheral neuropathy is a common dose-limiting toxicity for patients treated with paclitaxel. For most individuals there are no known risk factors that predispose patients to the adverse event, and pathogenesis for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is unknown. Determining whether there is a heritable component to paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy would be valuable in guiding clinical decisions and may provide insight into treatment of and mechanisms for the toxicity. Using genotype and patient information from the paclitaxel arm of CALGB 40101 (Alliance), a phase III clinical trial evaluating adjuvant therapies for breast cancer in women, we estimated the variance in maximum grade and dose at first instance of sensory peripheral neuropathy. Our results suggest that paclitaxel-induced neuropathy has a heritable component, driven in part by genes involved in axon outgrowth. Disruption of axon outgrowth may be one of the mechanisms by which paclitaxel treatment results in sensory peripheral neuropathy in susceptible patients.
Macroscopicity of quantum superpositions on a one-parameter unitary path in Hilbert space
Creators: name: Volkoff, T. J.
name: Whaley, K. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze quantum states formed as superpositions of an initial pure product state and its image under local unitary evolution, using two measurement-based measures of superposition size: one based on the optimal quantum binary distinguishability of the branches of the superposition and another based on the ratio of the maximal quantum Fisher information of the superposition to that of its branches, i.e., the relative metrological usefulness of the superposition. A general formula for the effective sizes of these states according to the branch distinguishability measure is obtained and applied to superposition states of $N$ quantum harmonic oscillators composed of Gaussian branches. Considering optimal distinguishability of pure states on a time-evolution path leads naturally to a notion of distinguishability time that generalizes the well known orthogonalization times of Mandelstam and Tamm and Margolus and Levitin. We further show that the distinguishability time provides a compact operational expression for the superposition size measure based on the relative quantum Fisher information. By restricting the maximization procedure in the definition of this measure to an appropriate algebra of observables, we show that the superposition size of, e.g., N00N states and hierarchical cat states, can scale linearly with the number of elementary particles comprising the superposition state, implying precision scaling inversely with the total number of photons when these states are employed as probes in quantum parameter estimation of a 1-local Hamiltonian in this algebra.
A Comprehensive Review of the Effectiveness of Different Exercise Programs for Patients with Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Allen, Kelli D.
name: Golightly, Yvonne M.
name: Caine, Dennis J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Exercise is recommended as a first-line conservative intervention approach for osteoarthritis (OA). A wide range of exercise programs are available, and scientific evidence is necessary for advising patients with OA on the optimal treatment strategy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effectiveness of different types of exercise programs for OA based on trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses in the literature. Publications from January 1997 to July 2012 were searched in 4 electronic databases using the terms osteoarthritis, exercise, exercise program, effectiveness, and treatment outcome. Strong evidence supports that aerobic and strengthening exercise programs, both land- and water-based, are beneficial for improving pain and physical function in adults with mild to moderate knee and hip OA. Areas that require further research include examination of the long-term effects of exercise programs for OA, balance training for OA, exercise programs for severe OA, the effect of exercise programs on progression of OA, the effectiveness of exercise for joint sites other than the knee or hip, and the effectiveness of exercise for OA by such factors as age, gender and obesity. Efforts to improve adherence to evidence-based exercise programs for OA and to promote the dissemination and implementation of these programs are crucial.
High-intensity interval training: Modulating interval duration in overweight/obese men
Creators: name: Wingfield, Hailee L.
name: Smith-Ryan, Abbie E.
name: Melvin, Malia N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient strategy shown to induce various cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations. Little is known about the optimal tolerable combination of intensity and volume necessary for adaptations, especially in clinical populations.
Wilson lines and Chern-Simons flux in explicit heterotic Calabi-Yau compactifications
Creators: name: Apruzzi, Fabio
name: Gautason, Fridrik Freyr
name: Parameswaran, Susha
name: Zagermann, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study to what extent Wilson lines in heterotic Calabi-Yau compactifications lead to non-trivial H-flux via Chern-Simons terms. Wilson lines are basic ingredients for Standard Model constructions but their induced H-flux may affect the consistency of the leading order background geometry and of the two-dimensional worldsheet theory. Moreover H-flux in heterotic compactifications would play an important role for moduli stabilization and could strongly constrain the supersymmetry breaking scale. We show how to compute H-flux and the corresponding superpotential, given an explicit complete intersection Calabi-Yau compactification and choice of Wilson lines. We do so by classifying special Lagrangian submanifolds in the Calabi-Yau, understanding how the Wilson lines project onto these submanifolds, and computing their Chern-Simons invariants. We illustrate our procedure with the quintic hypersurface as well as the split-bicubic, which can provide a potentially realistic three generation model.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures. v2: Minor corrections, published version
Embryonic Lethals and T-DNA Insertional Mutagenesis in Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Errampalli, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: T-DNA insertional mutagenesis represents a promising approach to the molecular isolation of genes with essential functions during plant embryo development. We describe in this report the isolation and characterization of 18 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana defective in embryo development following seed transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Random T-DNA insertion was expected to result in a high frequency of recessive embryonic lethals because many target genes are required for embryogenesis. The cointegrate Ti plasmid used in these experiments contained the nopaline synthase and neomycin phosphotransferase gene markers. Nopaline assays and resistance to kanamycin were used to estimate the number of functional inserts present in segregating families. Nine families appeared to contain a T-DNA insert either within or adjacent to the mutant gene. Eight families were clearly not tagged with a functional insert and appeared instead to contain mutations induced during the transformation process. DNA gel blot hybridization with internal and right border probes revealed a variety of rearrangements associated with T-DNA insertion. A general strategy is presented to simplify the identification of tagged embryonic mutants and facilitate the molecular isolation of genes required for plant embryogenesis.
Local Beilinson-Tate Operators
Creators: name: Yekutieli, Amnon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: primary: 12J25, secondary: 32A27, 13J05, 11R56, 46A13, 46H30

description: In 1968 Tate introduced a new approach to residues on algebraic curves, based on a certain ring of operators that acts on the completion at a point of the function field of the curve. This approach was generalized to higher dimensional algebraic varieties by Beilinson in 1980. However Beilinson's paper had very few details, and his operator-theoretic construction remained cryptic for many years. Currently there is a renewed interest in the Beilinson-Tate approach to residues in higher dimensions. Our paper presents a variant of Beilinson's operator-theoretic construction. We consider an n-dimensional topological local field K, and define a ring of operators E(K) that acts on K, which we call the ring of local Beilinson-Tate operators. Our definition is of an analytic nature (as opposed to the original geometric definition of Beilinson). We study various properties of the ring E(K). In particular we show that E(K) has an n-dimensional cubical decomposition, and this gives rise to a residue functional in the style of Beilinson-Tate. Presumably this residue functional coincides with the residue functional that we had constructed in 1992; but we leave this as a conjecture.
description: 39 pages. Final version, to appear in Algebra and Number Theory
title: Die sogenannte Sala terrena im Winterpalais des Prinzen Eugen in Wien
Creators: name: Prager, Ursula Maria
Year: 2022

description: Im ehemaligen Stadtpalais des Prinzen Eugen in der Wiener Innenstadt wurde zwischen 2007 und 2012 ein völlig in Vergessenheit geratener Grotteskensaal wiederhergestellt. Über Jahrhunderte hinweg war dieser Bereich im Gebäudsockel als Lager, mit Zwischendecke und -wänden, in Gebrauch. Die bislang ungeklärte Funktion und Nutzung dieses privaten Saales durch Prinz Eugen sind Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Vieles spricht dafür, dass die Verwendung und die Umbauten mit dem Leben Prinz Eugens Hand in Hand gingen: Als Dreißigjähriger Feldherr ließ er den Saal im ersten Bauabschnitt seines Palais um 1695/96 errichten. Platz für das permanente Fechttraining und Spiele der barocken Lebenswelt musste vorhanden sein. Eine im Entwurf Fischer von Erlachs wohl vorgesehene Wand mit Tür wurde zu einem weiten Bogen eröffnet, woraus sich eine unregelmäßige Änderung der Gewölbe-Stichkappen ergab und auch das barocke Prinzip des gelenkten Blickes verletzt wurde. Nach zehn bis fünfzehn Jahren erfuhr der Saal eine Aufwertung durch Stuckatur und Vergoldungen, entsprechend dem Aufstieg des Prinzen. Als die nahegelegenen Schlösser der Belvedere-Anlage fertig war, hatte der Staatsmann und Diplomat Prinz Eugen keine Verwendung mehr für eine große, unbeheizbare Sala terrena in seinem Stadtpalais. Auf dem angrenzenden Grundstück, auf dem wahrscheinlich ursprünglich die Anlage des Gartens geplant war, ließ er 1723, mit sechzig Jahren, einen Bibliothekstrakt errichten. Die über zwei Geschoße reichende Sala terrena wurde durch eine Zwischendecke getrennt. Während der untere Bereich in mehrere Diensträume unterteilt wurde, erhielt der nun gut beheizbare Mezzaninsaal neuerlich eine kostbare Dekoration. Hier verbrachte der Prinz in höherem Alter wahrscheinlich die kalten Winterabende mit Kartenspiel im vertrauten Kreis und mit Lesen, bei direktem Zugang zu seiner berühmten Bibliothek.
Discriminating dark energy models by using the statefinder hierarchy and the growth rate of matter perturbations
Creators: name: Li, Jun
name: Yang, Rong-Jia
name: Chen, Bohai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the Statefinder hierarchy and the growth rate of matter perturbations to discriminate modified Chaplygin gas (MCG), generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG), superfluid Chaplygin gas (SCG), purely kinetic k-essence (PKK), and $Λ$CDM model. We plot the evolutional trajectories of these models in the statefinder plane and in the composite diagnostic plane. We find that GCG, MCG, SCG, PKK, and $Λ$CDM can be distinguished well from each other at the present epoch by using the composite diagnostic $\{ε(z), S^{(1)}_{5}\}$. Using other combinations, such as $\{S^{(1)}_{3}, S^{(1)}_4\}$, $\{S^{(1)}_{3}, S_{5}\}$, $\{ε(z), S^{(1)}_{3}\}$, and $\{ε(z), S_4 \}$, some of these five dark energy models cannot be distinguished.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
A gap in economic power between urban and rural area and the role of Saemaul Undong: focusing on Gyeongsangbuk-do in the 1960s and 1970s
Creators: name: Kim, Wanjoong
name: Kim, Wanjoong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Economic Development Gap
subject: Urban and Rural Area
subject: Saemaul Undong

description: This study analyzes the economic development gap between the urban and rural area in Gyeongsangbuk-do, one of Korean southeastern provinces. Saemaul Undong, a representative rural development program of Korea, started to narrow the gap in the 1970s. This study evaluates the role of the program in narrowing the gap in the period. An economic development index based on several economic variables, such as income per capita, industrialization, population growth rate, infrastructure, education, population aging, are calculated and used to evaluate the effect of program on the economic development gap. The result shows that there was no significant change in the gap in the period. Although a few rural regions improved in the index, the main factor of the improvement was industrialization which was not related with the program. However, ergodic distributions of the index changed to the direction of narrowing the gap. However, it is not clear that the change was originated from the program. On the other hand, according to the regression analysis, the null hypothesis that the program played a significant role in narrowing the gap is rejected. This means that although there was an economic improvement in the absolute level, the rural relative economic improvement to the urban area was not achieved significantly in the period. These findings show that some scholars’ argument on the program’s positive and significant role in narrowing the gap may not be true. This study also shows that the related previous studies based on income gap between the urban and rural area may overrate the positive effect of the program on rural economic development in the period.
Quantization of the Nonlinear Sigma Model Revisited
Creators: name: Nguyen, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81T70, 81T15

description: We revisit the subject of perturbatively quantizing the nonlinear sigma model in two dimensions from a rigorous, mathematical point of view. Our main contribution is to make precise the cohomological problem of eliminating potential anomalies that may arise when trying to preserve symmetries under quantization. The symmetries we consider are twofold: (i) diffeomorphism covariance for a general target manifold; (ii) a transitive group of isometries when the target manifold is a homogeneous space. We show that there are no anomalies in case (i) and that (ii) is also anomaly-free under additional assumptions on the target homogeneous space, in agreement with the work of Friedan. We carry out some explicit computations for the $O(N)$-model. Finally, we show how a suitable notion of the renormalization group establishes the Ricci flow as the one loop renormalization group flow of the nonlinear sigma model.
description: 51 pages
title: „[…], daß ich von dem Teufel geld bekommen möchte“ – Ein Schätzgräberprozess im untersteirischen Friedau / Ormož des Jahres 1781
Creators: name: Mumm, Andrea Cindy
Year: 2022

description: Die Schatzbeterei und Schatzgräberei war ein soziales Phänomen. Unterschiedliche Motive veranlassten die Menschen, Schatzgräberei zu betreiben. Viele verbanden damit die Hoffnung und Sehnsucht auf ein besseres Leben und damit einen Ausweg aus der materiellen Armut. Die Schatzgräberei der Frühen Neuzeit wird größtenteils aus den Akten von Strafprozessen, die gegen Schatzsucher geführt wurden, rekonstruiert. Aus kriminalhistorischer Sicht sind Schatzgräberprozesse spannend, da sie auf Grund diverser Anklagepunkte analysiert werden können. Im Rahmen dieser Masterarbeit analysiere ich einen Schatzgräberprozess vor dem Landgericht Friedau in der Untersteiermark aus dem Jahre 1781. Aus mikrohistorischer Sicht gewähren Gerichtsakten einen Einblick in den Alltag der einfachen Menschen, den wir sonst nie bekommen. Die Verhöre der Angeklagten offenbaren deren Ängste und Hoffnungen und ihre Motivation, kriminelle Taten zu begehen. Besonders ihre Hoffnungen auf Reichtum und ein besseres Leben spielte eine sehr große Rolle. Es offenbart sich aber auch, wie sehr die Magie und der Aberglaube noch tief in den Menschen verwurzelt waren und ihre Handlungen beeinflusste.
Molecular Responses to Abscisic Acid and Stress Are Conserved between Moss and Cereals
Creators: name: Knight, C. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Promoter elements from the wheat Em gene have been characterized. These elements are inducible by abscisic acid (ABA) and by osmotic stress. In this study, we demonstrated that the same promoter elements function in a distantly related plant species, the moss Physcomitrella patens. Transient and stable expression of the [beta]-glucuronidase reporter gene was used to determine that the heterologous wheat promoter also responds to osmotic stress and ABA in moss. Mutational analysis of the promoter indicated that the mechanism of gene regulation is conserved in both species. Gel retardation and DNase I footprint analyses were conducted to characterize further the interaction of moss transcription factors with the Em promoter. In addition, the synthesis of stress-related polypeptides in moss was observed. The evolutionary significance of these data and the potential for studying the entire ABA perception-response pathway in moss are discussed.
Overlap of Viviparous1 (VP1) and Abscisic Acid Response Elements in the Em Promoter: G-Box Elements Are Sufficient but Not Necessary for VP1 Transactivation
Creators: name: Vasil, V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The relationship between promoter sequences that mediate Viviparous1 (VP1) transactivation and regulation by abscisic acid (ABA) in the wheat Em promoter was investigated using deletion analysis and directed mutagenesis. The Em1a G-box is strongly coupled to VP1 transactivation as well as to ABA regulation; however, the Em promoter includes additional components that can support VP1 transactivation without ABA responsiveness or synergism. Oligonucleotide tetramers of several G-box sequences, including Em1a, Em1b, and the dyad G-box element from the UV light-regulated parsley chalcone synthase gene, were sufficient to confer VP1 transactivation and the synergistic interaction with ABA to the -45 cauliflower mosaic virus 35S core promoter. These data suggest that VP1 can activate transcription through at least two classes of cis-acting sequences, including the G-box elements and the Sph regulatory motif found in the C1 promoter. The contrasting roles of these motifs in the Em and C1 promoters suggest a basis for the differential regulation of the corresponding genes by VP1.
Thermodynamic phase transition based on the non-singular temperature
Creators: name: Eune, Myungseok
name: Gim, Yongwan
name: Kim, Wontae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hawking temperature for the Schwarzschild black hole is divergent when the mass of the black hole vanishes; however the corresponding geometry becomes the Minkowski spacetime whose intrinsic temperature is zero. In connection with this issue, we construct a non-singular temperature which follows the Hawking temperature for the large black hole while it vanishes when the black hole completely evaporated. In order for thermodynamic significances of this modified temperature, we calculate thermodynamic quantities and study phase transitions. It turns out that even the small black hole can be stable below a certain temperature, and the hot flat space is always metastable so that it decays into the stable small black hole or the stable large black hole.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, version to appear in PRD
Conserved Expression of the Arabidopsis ACT1 and ACT3 Actin Subclass in Organ Primordia and Mature Pollen
Creators: name: An, Y. Q.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: We have proposed that ancient and divergent classes of plant actin genes have been preserved throughout vascular plant evolution, because they have distinct patterns of gene regulation. The hypothesis was explored for ACT1 and ACT3, which represent one of the six ancient subclasses in the Arabidopsis actin gene family. Comparison of ACT1 and ACT3 cDNA and genomic sequences revealed highly divergent flaking and intron sequences, whereas they encoded nearly identical proteins. Quantification of their level of divergence suggests that they have not shared a common ancestor for 30 to 60 million years. Gene-specific RNA gel blot hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the distribution of ACT1 and ACT3 mRNAs was very similar: both preferentially accumulated at high levels in mature pollen and at very low levels in the other major organs. The 5' flanking regions of both genes, including the promoter, leader exon and intron, and the first 19 condons, were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The expression of these reporter fusions was examined in a large number of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Histochemical assays demonstrated that both ACT1-GUS and ACT3-GUS constructs were expressed preferentially in pollen, pollen tubes, and in all organ primordia, including those in roots shoots, and the inflorescence. Comparison of the 5' flanking regions of ACT1 and ACT3 revealed a number of short conserved sequences, which may direct their common transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The expression patterns observed were distinct from those of any other other Arabidopsis actin subclass. The conservation of their expression pattern and amino acid sequences suggests that this actin subclass plays a distinct and required role in the plant cytoskeleton.
Interstellar polarization in imaging polarimetry
Creators: name: González-Gaitán, Santiago
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: imaging polarimetry, interstellar polarization

description: Imaging polarimetry evolution of supernovae and AGN can provide invaluable information on the physical processes of these events. However, constraining the insterstellar polarization (ISP) from the Milky Way and the host galaxy are necessary ingredients to obtain the intrinsic polarization of any transient. Traditionally, the ISP has been estimated through spectral polarimetric techniques that make use of e.g. P-Cygni profiles for supernovae. We present here methods to obtain both the ISP of the Milky Way, using multi-band linear imaging polarimetry of the field stars, together with the ISP in the host for nearby galaxies obtained directly from imaging polarimetric analysis of the environment. We apply our methodology for dedicated host galaxy imaging polarimetry of nearby hosts with FORS2-VLT.
Investigation of sexual dimorphism in the shape and size of the foramen magnum: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Dickens, Ellaine
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Biology
subject: Musculoskeletal System

description: A systematic review and meta analysis addressing the questions: 1) Is there evidence of sexual dimorphism in the shape and/or size of the foramen magnum in adults? 2) What is the amount and patterning of differences in the shape and/or size of the foramen magnum (if present) between adult males and females? 3) How have differences in shape of the foramen magnum been quantified/investigated? 3a) Is there congruency between results for different methods types (e.g., linear measurements, geometric morphometrics)?
The Galaxy Population In Voids: Are All Voids The Same?
Creators: name: Tavasoli, Saeed
name: Rahmani, Hadi
name: Khosroshahi, Habib G.
name: Vasei, Kaveh
name: Lehnert, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of under-dense environments on the formation and evolution of galaxies is studied by analysing the photometric properties of ~200 galaxies residing in voids, taken from our SDSS DR10 void catalogue up to z ~0.055. We split void galaxies into two subsamples based on the luminosity density contrast of their host voids: 'sparse void' δ_s = δ < -0.95 and 'populous void' δ_p = δ > -0.87. We find that galaxies in sparse voids are less massive than galaxies in populous voids. The luminosity distribution of galaxies in populous voids follows the same distribution observed across the SDSS survey in the same redshift range. Galaxies in the sparse voids are also bluer suggesting that they may be going through a relatively slow and continuous star formation. Additionally, we find that the luminosity function of galaxies in populous voids is represented with the Schechter function whereas the same does not hold for sparse voids. Our analysis suggests that the properties of a host void plays a significant role in the formation and evolution of the void galaxies and determining the large scale evolution of voids is an important step to understand what processes regulate the evolution of galaxies.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted to ApJ Letter
Non-Radial Instabilities and Progenitor Asphericities in Core-Collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Müller, B.
name: Janka, H. -Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since core-collapse supernova simulations still struggle to produce robust neutrino-driven explosions in 3D, it has been proposed that asphericities caused by convection in the progenitor might facilitate shock revival by boosting the activity of non-radial hydrodynamic instabilities in the post-shock region. We investigate this scenario in depth using 42 relativistic 2D simulations with multi-group neutrino transport to examine the effects of velocity and density perturbations in the progenitor for different perturbation geometries that obey fundamental physical constraints (like the anelastic condition). As a framework for analysing our results, we introduce semi-empirical scaling laws relating neutrino heating, average turbulent velocities in the gain region, and the shock deformation in the saturation limit of non-radial instabilities. The squared turbulent Mach number, , reflects the violence of aspherical motions in the gain layer, and explosive runaway occurs for ~0.3, corresponding to a reduction of the critical neutrino luminosity by ~25% compared to 1D. In the light of this theory, progenitor asphericities aid shock revival mainly by creating anisotropic mass flux onto the shock: Differential infall efficiently converts velocity perturbations in the progenitor into density perturbations (Delta rho/rho) at the shock of the order of the initial convective Mach number Ma. The anisotropic mass flux and ram pressure deform the shock and thereby amplify post-shock turbulence. Large-scale (l=2,l=1) modes prove most conducive to shock revival, whereas small-scale perturbations require unrealistically high convective Mach numbers. Initial density perturbations in the progenitor are only of order Ma^2 and therefore play a subdominant role.
description: revised version, 34 pages, 24 figures
Interference between Two Specific Pathogen Recognition Events Mediated by Distinct Plant Disease Resistance Genes
Creators: name: Ritter, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: We demonstrate that the interaction of the avirulence gene avrRpt2 and the cognate resistance gene RPS2 interferes with the interaction of avrRpm1-RPM1 in Arabidopsis. Interference is mediated outside of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, presumably at the level of recognition of avr-dependent signals, yet does not require the wild-type RPS2 product. A numerical excess of P. syringae expressing avrRpm1 can overcome this interference in mixed inoculations. The interference of avrRpt2-RPS2 engagement with RPM1-dependent functions is mirrored by transcriptional activation of genes preferentially expressed during RPM1- or RPS2-mediated disease resistance reactions. This demonstration of interference between two plant disease resistance genes suggests that their products compete for a common element(s) in a signal transduction pathway leading to disease resistance.
Localization of Actin mRNA during the Establishment of Cell Polarity and Early Cell Divisions in Fucus Embryos
Creators: name: Bouget, F. Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Localization of mRNA is a well-described mechanism to account for the asymmetric distribution of proteins in polarized somatic cells and embryos of animals. In zygotes of the brown alga Fucus, F-actin is localized at the site of polar growth and accumulates at the cell plates of the first two divisions of the embryo. We used a nonradioactive, whole-mount in situ hybridization protocol to show the pattern of actin mRNA localization. Until the first cell division, the pattern of actin mRNA localization is identical to that of total poly(A)+ RNA, that is, a symmetrical distribution in the zygote followed by an actin-dependent accumulation at the thallus pole at the time of polar axis fixation. At the end of the first division, actin mRNA specifically is redistributed from the thallus pole to the cell plates of the first two divisions in the rhizoid. This specific pattern of localization in the zygote and embryo involves the redistribution of previously synthesized actin mRNA. The initial asymmetry of actin mRNA at the thallus pole of the zygote requires polar axis fixation and microfilaments but not microtubules, cell division, or polar growth. However, redistribution of actin mRNA from the thallus pole to the first cell plate is insensitive to cytoskeletal inhibitors but is dependent on cell plate formation. The F-actin that accumulates at the rhizoid tip is not accompanied by the localization of actin mRNA. However, maintenance of an accumulation of actin protein at the cell plates of the rhizoid could be explained, at least partially, by a mechanism involving localization of actin mRNA at these sites. The pattern and requirements for actin mRNA localization in the Fucus embryo may be relevant to polarization of the embryo and asymmetric cell divisions in higher plants as well as in other tip-growing plant cells.
title: Wahrgenommene Servicequalität und Steuerehrlichkeit
Creators: name: Wöhler, Amanda
Year: 2022

description: Eine höhere Servicequalität (SQ) wird assoziiert mit einem höheren Vertrauen in die Steuerbehörde und einer höheren Steuerehrlichkeit. Falls Steuerehrlichkeit durch dynamische Interaktionen zwischen wahrgenommener Macht der Steuerbehörde und Vertrauen in diese, entstehe, sollte bei niedrigerer SQ mehr Aufmerksamkeit auf den Strafparametern liegen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die SQ einer fiktiven Steuerbehörde manipuliert und die zugrunde liegenden Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse mittels MouselabWEB aufgezeichnet. In 18 Entscheidungsrunden wurden von 485 Teilnehmer*innen, unter Variation von vier Parametern (Einkommen, Steuerrate, Prüfwahrscheinlichkeit und Höhe der Strafe), inzentivierte Steuerentscheidungen getroffen. Es zeigte sich bei niedriger SQ weder eine signifikant höhere Steuerehrlichkeit, noch eine längere Betrachtungsdauer oder -häufigkeit der Strafparameter. Die wahrgenommene Service Orientierung ist bei hoher SQ zwar signifikant höher, liegt jedoch auch bei niedriger SQ noch im mittleren Bereich. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Service Qualität in mittlerer Ausprägung nicht ausreicht, die hypothetisierten Effekte zu zeigen. Dies könnte in zukünftigen Studien mit einer stärker variierten SQ weiter untersucht werden.
Differences in Susceptibility of Arabidopsis Ecotypes to Crown Gall Disease May Result from a Deficiency in T-DNA Integration
Creators: name: Nam, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: We show that among ecotypes of Arabidopsis, there is considerable variation in their susceptibility to crown gall disease. Differences in susceptibility are heritable and, in one ecotype, segregate as a single major contributing locus. In several ecotypes, recalcitrance to tumorigenesis results from decreased binding of Agrobacterium to inoculated root explants. The recalcitrance of another ecotype occurs at a late step in T-DNA transfer. Transient expression of a T-DNA-encoded beta-glucuronidase gusA gene is efficient, but the ecotype is deficient in crown gall tumorigenesis, transformation to kanamycin resistance, and stable GUS expression. This ecotype is also more sensitive to gamma radiation than is a susceptible ecotype. DNA gel blot analysis showed that after infection by Agrobacterium, less T-DNA was integrated into the genome of the recalcitrant ecotype than was integrated into the genome of a highly susceptible ecotype.
Effect of the Nuclear Factors EmBP1 and Viviparous1 on the Transcription of the Em Gene in HeLa Nuclear Extracts
Creators: name: Razik, M. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Templates constructed from the wheat Em and maize rab28 promoters are efficiently and accurately transcribed in the well-characterized cell-free transcription system prepared from HeLa nuclei. Deletion analysis of the Em promoter indicates that a G-box (CACGTG) element (Em1b) is required for transcription. USF, a Myc transcription factor in HeLa nuclear extracts, activates transcription by binding to Em1b, as shown by the ability of an antibody raised against USF to inhibit transcription and to interfere with Em1b complex formation in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The addition of the recombinant Viviparous1 protein from maize to HeLa nuclear extracts specifically stimulated transcription of the Em promoter but was dependent on the presence of USF in the extract. In USF-depleted extracts, the addition of recombinant EmBP1, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor from wheat, activated transcription through Em1b as well as from a similar G-box in the adenovirus major late promoter. Our study demonstrates that the basic transcriptional apparatus in HeLa nuclear extract supports transcription from plant promoters and can be used to assay the function of certain plant nuclear proteins, thereby helping to determine their effects on transcription.
Fingerprints of Anomalous Primordial Universe on the Abundance of Large Scale Structures
Creators: name: Baghram, Shant
name: Abolhasani, Ali Akbar
name: Firouzjahi, Hassan
name: Namjoo, Mohammad Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the predictions of anomalous inflationary models on the abundance of structures in large scale structure observations. The anomalous features encoded in primordial curvature perturbation power spectrum are (a): localized feature in momentum space, (b): hemispherical asymmetry and (c): statistical anisotropies. We present a model-independent expression relating the number density of structures to the changes in the matter density variance. Models with localized feature can alleviate the tension between observations and numerical simulations of cold dark matter structures on galactic scales as a possible solution to the missing satellite problem. In models with hemispherical asymmetry we show that the abundance of structures becomes asymmetric depending on the direction of observation to sky. In addition, we study the effects of scale-dependent dipole amplitude on the abundance of structures and, using the quasars data, we find the upper bound $n_A<0.6$ for the spectral index of the dipole asymmetry. In all cases there is a critical mass scale $M_c$ in which for $M M_c)$ the enhancement in variance induced from anomalous feature decreases (increases) the abundance of dark matter structures in Universe.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, published in JCAP, Final Version
14-3-3 Proteins Are Part of an Abscisic Acid-VIVIPAROUS1 (VP1) Response Complex in the Em Promoter and Interact with VP1 and EmBP1
Creators: name: Schultz, T. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Protein-DNA complexes were formed when nuclear extracts from embryogenic rice suspension cultures or maize embryos were incubated with an abscisic acid-VIVIPAROUS1 (VP1) response element (Em1a) from the Em promoter. Monoclonal antibodies generated to GF14, a 14-3-3 protein from plants, resulted in gel retardation of the Em1a-protein complexes. Antibodies generated to the C and N termini of GF14 detected protein isoforms in rice nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts, but no differences in distribution of the GF14 isoforms were recognized between the nucleus and cytoplasm or when abscisic acid-treated and untreated tissues were compared. When recombinant GF14 fusion proteins from rice were added to nuclear extracts, novel complexes were formed that required the dimerization domain of GF14. Chemical cross-linking showed that GF-14 interacted with the basic leucine zipper factor EmBP1, which binds specifically to Em1a, and with VP1, which transactivates Em through Em1a. GF14 proteins from rice were shown to interact with VP1 in yeast through the dimerization domain of GF14. Our results indicated that GF14 interacts with both site-specific DNA binding proteins (i.e., EmBP1) and tissue-specific regulatory factors (i.e., VP1) and may provide a structural link between VP1 and the Em1a transcriptional complex.
The Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant for links in finite order mapping tori I
Creators: name: Andersen, Jørgen Ellegaard
name: Himpel, Benjamin
name: Jørgensen, Søren Fuglede
name: Martens, Johan
name: McLellan, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We state Asymptotic Expansion and Growth Rate conjectures for the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of arbitrary framed links in 3-manifolds, and we prove these conjectures for the natural links in mapping tori of finite-order automorphisms of marked surfaces. Our approach is based upon geometric quantisation of the moduli space of parabolic bundles on the surface, which we show coincides with the construction of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants using conformal field theory, as was recently completed by Andersen and Ueno.
description: 41 pages. Minor changes, to appear in Adv. Math
Quantum Noise from a Bohmian perspective: fundamental understanding and practical computation in electron devices
Creators: name: Marian, Damiano
name: Colomés, Enrique
name: Zhan, Zhen
name: Oriols, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the literature, the study of electron transport in quantum devices is mainly devoted to DC properties. The fluctuations of the electrical current around these DC values, the so-called quantum noise, are much less analyzed. The computation of quantum noise is intrinsically linked (by temporal correlations) to our ability to understand/compute the time-evolution of a quantum system that is measured several times. There are several quantum theories that provide different (but empirically equivalent) ways of understanding/computing the perturbation of the wave function when it is measured. In this work, quantum noise associated to an electron impinging upon a semitransparent barrier is explained using Bohmian mechanics (which deals with wave functions and point-like particles). From this result, the fundamental understanding and practical computation of quantum noise with Bohmian trajectories are discussed. Numerical simulations of low and high frequency features of quantum shot noise in a resonant tunneling diode are presented (through the BITLLES simulator), showing the usefulness of the Bohmian approach.
description: Journal of Computational Electronics, Special Issue on Noise Modeling. 16 pages, 8 figures
Economic Fluctuations and Agricultural Employment: Focusing on Self-Employed Farmers in Korea
Creators: name: Im, Donggeon
name: Im, Donggeon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: economic fluctuations
subject: composite leading indicator
subject: self-employed farmers

description: This paper investigates the causal relationship between economic fluctuations and changes in the number of self-employed farmers in Korea, using the time-series data from January 1990 to July 2020. To achieve its goal, it uses the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) with three endogenous variables, including (1) the Composite Leading Indicator (CLI) as a proxy variable for economic fluctuations, the increase rate of self-employed farmers, and (3) the increase rate of the employed in non-agricultural industries. Our empirical results confirm the substantial inflow of workers from non-agricultural sectors (mostly wage workers in the manufacturing and construction industries) to agriculture in recession, implying that the agricultural sector partially absorbs employment shock hit by recession. However, as indicated by the impulse response function, this unemployment-alleviating effect of agriculture is short-lasting, as its impact is primarily noteworthy in several months after the shock.
Configurations of Points and the Symplectic Berry-Robbins Problem
Creators: name: Malkoun, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51M04, 51M15

description: We present a new problem on configurations of points, which is a new version of a similar problem by Atiyah and Sutcliffe, except it is related to the Lie group $\operatorname{Sp}(n)$, instead of the Lie group $\operatorname{U}(n)$. Denote by $\mathfrak{h}$ a Cartan algebra of $\operatorname{Sp}(n)$, and $Δ$ the union of the zero sets of the roots of $\operatorname{Sp}(n)$ tensored with $\mathbb{R}^3$, each being a map from $\mathfrak{h} \otimes \mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}^3$. We wish to construct a map $(\mathfrak{h} \otimes \mathbb{R}^3) \backslash Δ\to \operatorname{Sp}(n)/T^n$ which is equivariant under the action of the Weyl group $W_n$ of $\operatorname{Sp}(n)$ (the symplectic Berry-Robbins problem). Here, the target space is the flag manifold of $\operatorname{Sp}(n)$, and $T^n$ is the diagonal $n$-torus. The existence of such a map was proved by Atiyah and Bielawski in a more general context. We present an explicit smooth candidate for such an equivariant map, which would be a genuine map provided a certain linear independence conjecture holds. We prove the linear independence conjecture for $n=2$.