cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Herschel observations of interstellar chloronium
Creators: name: Neufeld, David A.
name: Roueff, Evelyne
name: Snell, Ronald L.
name: Lis, Dariusz
name: Benz, Arnold O.
name: Bruderer, Simon
name: Black, John H.
name: De Luca, Massimo
name: Gerin, Maryvonne
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Gupta, Harshal
name: Indriolo, Nick
name: Bourlot, Jacques Le
name: Petit, Franck Le
name: Larsson, Bengt
name: Melnick, Gary J.
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Monje, Raquel
name: Nagy, Zsofia
name: Phillips, Thomas G.
name: Sandqvist, Aage
name: Sonnentrucker, Paule
name: van der Tak, Floris
name: Wolfire, Mark G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Herschel Space Observatory's Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI), we have observed para-chloronium (H2Cl+) toward six sources in the Galaxy. We detected interstellar chloronium absorption in foreground molecular clouds along the sight-lines to the bright submillimeter continuum sources Sgr A (+50 km/s cloud) and W31C. Both the para-H2-35Cl+ and para-H2-37Cl+ isotopologues were detected, through observations of their 1(11)-0(00) transitions at rest frequencies of 485.42 and 484.23 GHz, respectively. For an assumed ortho-to-para ratio of 3, the observed optical depths imply that chloronium accounts for ~ 4 - 12% of chlorine nuclei in the gas phase. We detected interstellar chloronium emission from two sources in the Orion Molecular Cloud 1: the Orion Bar photodissociation region and the Orion South condensation. For an assumed ortho-to-para ratio of 3 for chloronium, the observed emission line fluxes imply total beam-averaged column densities of ~ 2.0E+13 cm-2 and ~ 1.2E+13 cm-2, respectively, for chloronium in these two sources. We obtained upper limits on the para-H2-35Cl+ line strengths toward H2 Peak 1 in the Orion Molecular cloud and toward the massive young star AFGL 2591. The chloronium abundances inferred in this study are typically at least a factor ~10 larger than the predictions of steady-state theoretical models for the chemistry of interstellar molecules containing chlorine. Several explanations for this discrepancy were investigated, but none has proven satisfactory, and thus the large observed abundances of chloronium remain puzzling.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
title: Modellhafter Oberflächenschutz eines anthropogen geschädigten Natursteinmauerwerks an der Stiftskirche Chemnitz - Ebersdorf
title: Abschlusbericht
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Löther, Thomas
name: Zötzl, Matthias
name: Nimoth, Torsten
name: Fliedner, Martin
Publisher: name: Institut für Diagnostik und Konservierung an Denkmalen in Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt e. V.
Year: 2015
Subjects: Conservation science

description: Durch die langjährige intensive Zusammenarbeit zwischen Landeskirche, Denkmalpflege und IDK e.V. konnten bei routinemäßigen Besichtigungen der Stiftskirche Ebersdorf erhebliche Schäden an der Natursteinfassade von Kirchenschiff und Turm erkannt werden. Erfahrungen an anderen exponiert freistehenden Gebäuden zeigen die Notwendigkeit langfristig angelegter naturwissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen und restauratorischer Betreuungen auf. Das Thema eines schützenden Fassadenputzes als Herausforderung der präventiven Konservierung eines historischen Gebäudes stellt mit der Stiftskirche Ebersdorf keine Ausnahme dar. Viele heute natursteinsichtige Denkmäler waren über Jahrhunderte verputzt, bevor vor über 100 Jahren, einer „Modeerscheinung“ gleich, eine Natursteinsichtigkeit vieler Gebäude gewünscht und daher viele historische Putz entfernt wurden. Bekannte Beispiele hierfür sind in Sachsen u.a. die St. Annenkirche in Annaberg-Buchholz und die St. Wolfgangskirche in Schneeberg. Auch die Stiftskirche Ebersdorf verlor in diesem Zeitraum ihren, zum Teil bemalten, Außenputz. Da sich nur wenige Natursteinvarietäten für einen Verbau in frei bewitterten Außenfassaden eignen, kam es dann an einer Vielzahl dieser Gebäude zu Folgeschäden und dadurch immer wieder zu tiefgreifenden Baumaßnahmen an den Fassaden, die wiederum einen erheblichen Austausch von Originalmauerwerk zur Folge hatten. An der Stiftskirche Ebersdorf sind derzeit die Schäden am verbauten Naturstein gravierend und nicht zu übersehen. Sie erstrecken sich vom Sockelbereich über die Fassadenflächen und Strebepfeilern bis zum Turmbereich. Mittlerweile geht von der geschädigten Architektur sogar Gefahr für die Besucher der Kirche durch Steinschlag aus. Die Schäden wurden in den oben stehenden Kapiteln beschrieben, bewertet und grafisch dokumentiert. Im Ergebnis der Auswertung der Untersuchungen, aller vorliegenden Unterlagen und Arbeiten und in Vorbereitung zum DBU- Projekt konnten somit durchaus noch wichtige und wesentliche Bereiche mit originalen Putz und Fassung lokalisiert werden.
Mit der Anlage der Musterflächen und deren langfristigen Beobachtung an der Stiftskirche wurde eine Strategie zur möglichen Wiederherstellung der stark umweltgeschädigten Fassaden entwickelt und der Kirchgemeinde, der Denkmalpflege und der Öffentlichkeit durch diesen Abschlussbericht aufgezeigt. Somit ist für die Fassaden der Stiftskirche die Option der Wiederverputzung sinnvoll und nachvollziehbar entstanden.
Quantum oscillations from nodal bilayer magnetic breakdown in the underdoped high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x
Creators: name: Sebastian, Suchitra E.
name: Harrison, N.
name: Liang, Ruixing
name: Bonn, D. A.
name: Hardy, W. N.
name: Mielke, C. H.
name: Lonzarich, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report quantum oscillations in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.56 over a significantly large range in magnetic field extending from 24 to 101 T, enabling three well-spaced low frequencies at 440 T, 532 T, and 620 T to be clearly resolved. We show that a small nodal bilayer coupling that splits a nodal pocket into bonding and antibonding orbits yields a sequence of frequencies, F0 - ΔF, F0, and F0 + ΔF and accompanying beat pattern similar to that observed experimentally, on invoking magnetic breakdown tunneling at the nodes. The relative amplitudes of the multiple frequencies observed experimentally in quantum oscillation measurements are shown to be reproduced using a value of nodal bilayer gap quantitatively consistent with that measured in photoemission experiments in the underdoped regime.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, quantum oscillations on underdoped YBCO reported up to 101 T
The Quintuplet Cluster III. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and cluster age
Creators: name: Liermann, A.
name: Hamann, W. -R.
name: Oskinova, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Quintuplet, one of three massive stellar clusters in the Galactic center, is located about 30pc in projection from Sagittarius A*. Based on near-infrared K-band spectra we determine temperatures and luminosities for all stars in our sample and construct the Herztsprung-Russell diagram. We find two distinct groups: early-type OB stars and late-type KM stars, well separated from each other. By comparison with Geneva stellar evolution models we derive initial masses exceeding 8 solar masses for the OB stars, that are located along an isochrone corresponding to a cluster age of about 4 million years. In addition, we derive number ratios (e. g. N_WR/N_O) and compare them with predictions of population synthesis models. We find that an instantaneous burst of star formation at about 3.3 to 3.6\,Myr ago is the most likely scenario to form the Quintuplet cluster. The late-type stars in the sample are red giant branch (RGB) stars or red supergiants (RSGs) according to their spectral signatures. It is discussed if they could physically belong to the Quintuplet cluster. Furthermore, we apply a mass-luminosity relation to construct the initial mass function (IMF) of the cluster. We find indications for a slightly top-heavy IMF.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Self-Organizing Maps Algorithm for Parton Distribution Functions Extraction
Creators: name: Liuti, S.
name: Holcomb, K.
name: Askanazi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new method to extract parton distribution functions from hard scattering processes based on Self-Organizing Maps. The extension to a larger, and more complex class of soft matrix elements, including generalized parton distributions is also discussed.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the proceedings of ACAT 2011, 14th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research
title: Voraussetzungen, Ansätze und Schwierigkeiten der Vermittlung von Kirchlicher Lehre und Christlicher Praxis
title: Eine theologische Stellungnahme zur Außerordentlichen Bischofssynode zur Familie (2014)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Heimbach-Steins, Marianne
name: Enxing, Julia
name: Görtz-Meiners, Vanessa
name: Krause, Felix
name: Riedl, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 241 Christian ethics

description: In der Zeitspanne zwischen der 3. Außerordentlichen Generalversammlung der Römischen Bischofssynode über die "Die pastoralen Herausforderungen der Familie im Kontext der Evangelisierung" im Oktober 2014 und der bevorstehenden Ordentlichen Generalversammlung im Oktober 2015 bietet das Arbeitspapier eine theologische Stellungnahme zu den Ergebnissen der Außerordentlichen Synode. Die Analyse fokussiert auf das Familienbild der katholischen Bischöfe, den Umgang mit Homosexualität und die gleichgeschlechtlichen Partnerschaften sowie die Wahrnehmung der Gender-Frage. Erträge und Blockaden der bisherigen Diskussion werden im Hinblick auf die bevorstehende Ordentliche Synode im Herbst 2015 erörtert.
description: Vorbemerkung ..... 1 1. Unser theologischer Zugang: Vermittlung zwischen Glaubenspraxis und Glaubensreflexion ..... 2 2. Vorklärungen: Das Institut ‚Synode‘ und die aktuelle Familiensynode ..... 4 a) Was ist eine Synode? ..... 4 b) Die Neuerungen in der Familiensynode ..... 5 c) Kritik am deutschen Vorbereitungsprozess ..... 8 3. Analyse, Reflexion und alternative Argumentationsgänge zu den Themen Familienbild, Homosexualität und Gender ..... 10 a) Familienbild ..... 11 b) Gleichgeschlechtliche Partnerschaften ..... 15 c) Der Vorwurf der Gender-Ideologie ..... 19 4. Ausblick ..... 22 Anhang: Chronologie der Ereignisse ..... 24 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ..... 27 Die Autorinnen und Autoren ..... 28
Plasma Wake Accelerators: Introduction and Historical Overview
Creators: name: Malka, V.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Accelerator; laser; plasma; laser plasma accelerator; laser wakefield.

description: Fundamental questions on the nature of matter and energy have found answers thanks to the use of particle accelerators. Societal applications, such as cancer treatment or cancer imaging, illustrate the impact of accelerators in our current life. Today, accelerators use metallic cavities that sustain electric fields with values limited to about 100 MV/m. Because of their ability to support extreme accelerating gradients, the plasma medium has recently been proposed for future cavity-like accelerating structures. This contribution highlights the
tremendous evolution of plasma accelerators driven by either laser or particle beams that allow the production of high quality particle beams with a degree of tunability and a set of parameters that make them very pertinent for many applications.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Fifty-Sixth Annual Exhibition of the National Association of Women Artists, 1948
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1948

description: The National Association of Women Artists (NAWA) was established in 1889 and is the oldest professional women's fine arts organization in the United States. NAWA's mission is to promote awareness of, and interest in, visual art created by women in the United States. As part of this effort NAWA holds an annual exhibition of works by members of the association and publishes an exhibition catalog to accompany or commemorate the annual exhibitions. These catalogs not only function as an exhibition catalog, but also as a document that summarizes the structure, membership, and activities of the association.Information that can be found in these catalogs includes lists of officers, members of the executive board and committees, prize winners, lists of exhibitor and members, and images of some of the artwork exhibited. Catalogs from the 2000s also include information on NAWA events and activities beyond the annual exhibition.Please note that the numbering of the annual catalogs was adjusted in 1960 and again in 1971. For example, NAWA designated the annual exhibition in 1960 as the 70th Anniversary Exhibition after 1959 was the 67th Annual Exhibition. These adjustments appear to have been made to reflect the date of the founding of the association, so that, by 1989, the annual exhibition commemorated the 100-year anniversary of the founding of NAWA in 1889.
ALMA CO and VLT/SINFONI H2 observations of the Antennae overlap region: mass and energy dissipation
Creators: name: Herrera, Cinthya N.
name: Boulanger, François
name: Nesvadba, Nicole P. H.
name: Falgarone, Edith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of super-giant molecular complexes (SGMCs) in the overlap region of the Antennae galaxy merger, based on ALMA CO(3-2) interferometry and VLT/SINFONI imaging spectroscopy of H2 1-0 S(1) at angular resolutions of 0.9" and 0.7", respectively. All but one SGMC have multiple velocity components offset from each other by up to 150 km/s. H2 line emission is found in all SGMCs and the kinematics of H2 and CO are well matched. H2/CO line ratios vary by up to a factor of 10 among SGMCs and different velocity components of the same SGMCs. We also identify the CO counterpart of a bright, compact source of near-IR H2 line emission, which shows no Brgamma, and was first identified with SINFONI. This source has the highest H2/CO line ratio, and coincides with the steepest CO velocity gradient of the entire overlap region. With a size of 50 pc and a virial mass of a few 10^7 Msun it is perhaps a pre-cluster cloud that has not yet formed significant numbers of massive stars. We present observational evidence that the H2 emission is powered by shocks, and demonstrate how the H2 1-0 S(1) and the CO(3-2) lines can be used as tracers of energy dissipation and gas mass, respectively. The variations in the H2/CO line ratio may indicate that the SGMCs are dissipating their turbulent kinetic energy at different rates. The compact source could represent a short (~ 1 Myr) evolutionary stage in the early formation of super-star clusters.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, A&A accepted: december 28th 2011
Laser Wakefield Accelerators
Creators: name: Najmudin, Z.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Laser; wakefield; accelerator; guiding.

description: The one-dimensional wakefield generation equations are solved for increasing levels of non-linearity, to demonstrate how they contribute to the overall behaviour of a non-linear wakefield in a plasma. The effect of laser guiding is also studied as a way to increase the interaction length of a laser wakefield accelerator.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
FAIRplus Deliverable 5.8: FAIRplus overview of the scientific publications
Creators: name: Tseng, Yun-Yun
name: Scollen, Serena
name: Hurst, Hannah
name: Taverner, Ellie
name: Sansone, Susanna-Assunta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FAIRplus
FAIRification
FAIR data
FAIR Cookbook
IMI
Scientific publications

description: The IMI FAIRplus project has produced many physical ‘assets’, such as the FAIR Cookbook as well as developed processes such as the selection of datasets for FAIRification. In addition, much ‘knowledge’ obtained by the experts during the course of the project needs to be sustained. There has been an emphasis to ensure that publications, presentations and posters capture as much of the outputs of the IMI FAIRplus project as possible. Dissemination of these key assets, including the knowledge, is critical to ensure that FAIR becomes part of data culture in the long term. We expect some publications to be completed past the end of the project itself. Currently there are 11 publications in progress, with five published. The summary here only includes publications and examples of presentations by FAIRplus project partners. There have been other dissemination activities such as the FAIRplus innovation and SME Forum and webinars that are not listed here.
Introduction to Particle Accelerators and their Limitations
Creators: name: Holzer, B.J.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Particle accelerators; history; basic concepts; technologies; technical limits; physical limits.

description: The paper gives an overview of the principles of particle accelerators and their historical development. After introducing the basic concepts, the main emphasis is on sketching the layout of modern storage rings and discussing their limitations in terms of energy and machine performance. Examples of existing machines, among them the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, demonstrate the basic principles of and the technical and physical limits that we face in the design and operation of particle colliders. The push for ever higher beam energies motivates the design of future colliders as well as the development of more efficient acceleration techniques.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Timelike gamma* N -> Delta form factors and Delta Dalitz decay
Creators: name: Ramalho, G.
name: Pena, M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend a covariant model, tested before in the spacelike region for the physical and lattice QCD regimes, to a calculation of the gamma* N -> Delta reaction in the timelike region, where the square of the transfered momentum, q^2, is positive (q^2>0). We estimate the Dalitz decay Delta -> Ne+e- and the Delta distribution mass distribution function. The results presented here can be used to simulate the NN -> NNe+e- reactions at moderate beam kinetic energies.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Introduction to Plasma Physics
Creators: name: Gibbon, P.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Plasma properties; 2-fluid model; Langmuir waves; electromagnetic wave propagation; dispersion relation; nonlinear waves.

description: These notes are intended to provide a brief primer in plasma physics, introducing common definitions, basic properties, and typical processes found in plasmas. These concepts are inherent in contemporary plasma-based accelerator schemes, and thus provide a foundation for the more advanced expositions that follow in this volume. No prior knowledge of plasma physics is required, but the reader is assumed to be familiar with basic electrodynamics and fluid mechanics.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Distinguishing manipulated stocks via trading network analysis
Creators: name: Sun, Xiao-Qian
name: Cheng, Xue-Qi
name: Shen, Hua-Wei
name: Wang, Zhao-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulation is an important issue for both developed and emerging stock markets. For the study of manipulation, it is critical to analyze investor behavior in the stock market. In this paper, an analysis of the full transaction records of over a hundred stocks in a one-year period is conducted. For each stock, a trading network is constructed to characterize the relations among its investors. In trading networks, nodes represent investors and a directed link connects a stock seller to a buyer with the total trade size as the weight of the link, and the node strength is the sum of all edge weights of a node. For all these trading networks, we find that the node degree and node strength both have tails following a power-law distribution. Compared with non-manipulated stocks, manipulated stocks have a high lower bound of the power-law tail, a high average degree of the trading network and a low correlation between the price return and the seller-buyer ratio. These findings may help us to detect manipulated stocks.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Classification of the Killing Vectors in Nonexpanding HH-Spaces with Lambda
Creators: name: Chudecki, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformal Killing equations and their integrability conditions for nonexpanding hyperheavenly spaces with Lambda are studied. Reduction of ten Killing equations to one master equation is presented. Classification of homothetic and isometric Killing vectors in nonexpanding hyperheavenly spaces with Lambda and homothetic Killing vectors in heavenly spaces is given. Some nonexpanding complex metrics of types [III,N]x[N] are found. A simple example of Lorentzian real slice of the type [N]x[N] is explicitly given.
Introduction to Plasma Accelerators: the Basics
Creators: name: Bingham, R.
name: Trines, R.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Laser; accelerators; wakefields; nonlinear theory; photon acceleration.

description: In this article, we concentrate on the basic physics of relativistic plasma wave accelerators. The generation of relativistic plasma waves by intense lasers or electron beams in low-density plasmas is important in the quest for producing ultra-high acceleration gradients for accelerators. A number of methods are being pursued vigorously to achieve ultra-high acceleration gradients using various plasma wave drivers; these include wakefield accelerators driven by photon, electron, and ion beams. We describe the basic equations and show how intense beams can generate a large-amplitude relativistic plasma wave capable of accelerating particles to high energies. We also demonstrate how these same relativistic electron waves can accelerate photons in plasmas.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Investigating the Loading, Unloading, and Permanent Deformation of Newly Available Epoxy Resin Coated Ni-Ti Wires Using Self-Ligating Brackets
Creators: name: Garro-Piña, Hazel
name: Jiménez-Cervantes, María Cristina
name: Ondarza-Rovira, Ricardo
name: Justus, Roberto
name: García-López, Salvador
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Metallic arch wires
Ni-Ti wires
load and unload deflection
coating

description: Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the load and unload deflection and permanent deformation of round 0.016” and rectangular 0.016” ×0.022” regular and coated Ni-Ti wires. The coated Ni-Ti arch wires present certain disadvantages, this kind of wire continues to be marketed; consequently, new manufacturers are available today. Materials and Methods: Ni-Ti archwires produced by two manufacturers were evaluated. Both regular and coated round and rectangular Ni-Ti wire segments (n= 15) from each group were submitted to a three-point bending test. Both types of wires were evaluated for permanent deformation at the end of a recovery cycle. Results: The coated round 0.016” Ni-Ti wires produced a significantly lower force in loading (p< 0.01) and unloading (p< 0.01) than regular wires of the same manufacturer and size. There was no significant difference in permanent deformation between coated and regular round Ni-Ti wires from the same company. For rectangular 0.016×0.022” Ni-Ti wires, there was a significant difference in the loading evaluation, but the unloading test presented no significant differences. The permanent deformation of the rectangular wires revealed no significant difference between them. Conclusion: The addition of an esthetic coating to these new Ni-Ti wires produced changes in their mechanical properties, manifested as a reduction in the applied force, which should be considered in clinical management.
Multidimensional Plasma Wake Excitation in the Non-linear Blowout Regime
Creators: name: Vieira, J.
name: Fonseca, R.A.
name: Silva, L.O.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Plasma-based accelerators; Particle-In-Cell simulations; Laser-plasma interactions.

description: Plasma accelerators can sustain very high acceleration gradients. They are promising candidates for future generations of particle accelerators for several scientific, medical and technological applications. Current plasma-based acceleration experiments operate in the relativistic regime, where the plasma response is strongly non-linear. We outline some of the key properties of wakefield excitation in these regimes. We outline a multidimensional theory for the excitation of plasma wakefields in connection with current experiments. We then use these results and provide design guidelines for the choice of laser and plasma parameters ensuring a stable laser wakefield accelerator that maximizes the quality of the accelerated electrons. We also mention some of the future challenges associated with this technology.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Co3O4 Nanocrystals on Graphene as a Synergistic Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Creators: name: Liang, Yongye
name: Li, Yanguang
name: Wang, Hailiang
name: Zhou, Jigang
name: Wang, Jian
name: Regier, Tom
name: Dai, Hongjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are at the heart of key renewable energy technologies including fuel cells and water splitting. Despite tremendous efforts, developing oxygen electrode catalysts with high activity at low costs remains a grand challenge. Here, we report a hybrid material of Co3O4 nanocrystals grown on reduced graphene oxide (GO) as a high-performance bi-functional catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). While Co3O4 or graphene oxide alone has little catalytic activity, their hybrid exhibits an unexpected, surprisingly high ORR activity that is further enhanced by nitrogen-doping of graphene. The Co3O4/N-doped graphene hybrid exhibits similar catalytic activity but superior stability to Pt in alkaline solutions. The same hybrid is also highly active for OER, making it a high performance non-precious metal based bi-catalyst for both ORR and OER. The unusual catalytic activity arises from synergetic chemical coupling effects between Co3O4 and graphene.
description: published in Nature Materials
MPEC 2023-H67 : 2023 HD1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 HD1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Beam-driven, Plasma-based Particle Accelerators
Creators: name: Muggli, P.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Plasma; particle accelerator; plasma-based accelerator; plasma wakefield; beam-plasma interaction.

description: We briefly give some of the characteristics of the beam-driven, plasma-based particle accelerator known as the plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). We also mention some of the major results that have been obtained since the birth of the concept. We focus on high-energy particle beams where possible.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Plasma Injection Schemes for Laser–Plasma Accelerators
Creators: name: Faure, J.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Laser-plasma accelerators; laser wakefield; electron injection; ionization injection; colliding pulse injection; gradient injection.

description: Plasma injection schemes are crucial for producing high-quality electron beams in laser–plasma accelerators. This article introduces the general concepts of plasma injection. First, a Hamiltonian model for particle trapping and acceleration in plasma waves is introduced; ionization injection and colliding-pulse injection are described in the framework of this Hamiltonian model. We then proceed to consider injection in plasma density gradients.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Origin of the 12um Emission Across Galaxy Populations from WISE and SDSS Surveys
Creators: name: Donoso, E.
name: Yan, Lin
name: Tsai, C.
name: Eisenhardt, P.
name: Stern, D.
name: Assef, R. J.
name: Leisawitz, D.
name: Jarrett, T. H.
name: Stanford, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We cross-matched Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) sources brighter than 1 mJy at 12um with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxy spectroscopic catalog to produce a sample of ~10^5 galaxies at =0.08, the largest of its kind. This sample is dominated (70%) by star-forming (SF) galaxies from the blue sequence, with total IR luminosities in the range ~10^8-10^12 L_sun. We identify which stellar populations are responsible for most of the 12um emission. We find that most (~80%) of the 12um emission in SF galaxies is produced by stellar populations younger than 0.6 Gyr. In contrast, the 12um emission in weak AGN (L[OIII]<10^7 L_sun) is produced by older stars, with ages of ~1-3 Gyr. We find that L_[12um] linearly correlates with stellar mass for SF galaxies. At fixed 12um luminosity, weak AGN deviate toward higher masses since they tend to be hosted by massive, early-type galaxies with older stellar populations. Star-forming galaxies and weak AGN follow different L_[12um]-SFR (star formation rate) relations, with weak AGN showing excess 12um emission at low SFR (~0.02-1 M_sun/yr). This is likely due to dust grains heated by older stars. While the specific star formation rate (SSFR) of SF galaxies is nearly constant, the SSFR of weak AGN decreases by ~3 orders of magnitude, reflecting the very different star formation efficiencies between SF galaxies and massive, early-type galaxies. Stronger type II AGN in our sample (L_[OIII]>10^7 L_sun), act as an extension of massive SF galaxies, connecting the SF and weak AGN sequences. This suggests a picture where galaxies form stars normally until an AGN (possibly after a starburst episode) starts to gradually quench the SF activity. We also find that 4.6-12um color is a useful first-order indicator of SF activity in a galaxy when no other data are available.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Injection, Extraction and Matching
Creators: name: Ferrario, M.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Beam matching; r.m.s. emittance; laminar beam; plasma acceleration; space charge effects; r.m.s. envelope equations.

description: In this lecture we introduce from basic principles the main concepts of beam focusing and transport in modern accelerators using the beam envelope equation as a convenient mathematical tool. Matching conditions suitable for preserving beam quality are derived from the model for significant beam dynamics regimes. An extension of the model to the case of plasma accelerators is introduced. The understanding of similarities and differences with respect to traditional accelerators is also emphasized.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Particle-In-Cell Codes for Plasma-based Particle Acceleration
Creators: name: Pukhov, A.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Particle-In-Cell method; plasma-based acceleration; bubble regime; AWAKE; high-performance computing.

description: In this report we discuss the basic principles of Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes and their application to plasma-based acceleration. The ab initio full electromagnetic relativistic PIC codes provide the most reliable description of plasmas, and their properties are described in detail. However, while they represent the most fundamental model, full PIC codes are  computationally expensive. Plasma-based acceleration is a multi-scale problem with very disparate scales. The smallest scale is the laser or plasma wavelength (on the order of one to a hundred microns), and the largest scale is the acceleration distance (which ranges from a few centimetres to metres or even kilometres). The Lorentz boost technique allows the scale disparity to be reduced, at the cost of complicating the simulations and causing unphysical numerical instabilities in the code. Another possibility is to use the quasi-static  approximation, whereby the different scales are separated analytically.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Optical Properties of a θ-Vacuum
Creators: name: Huerta, Luis
name: Zanelli, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chern-Simons (CS) forms generalize the minimal coupling between gauge potentials and point charges, to sources represented by charged extended objects (branes). The simplest example of such a CS-brane coupling is a domain wall coupled to the electromagnetic CS three-form. This describes a topologically charged interface where the CS form AdA is supported, separating two three-dimensional spatial regions in 3+1 spacetime. Electrodynamics at either side of the brane is described by the same Maxwell's equations, but those two regions have different vacua, characterized by a different value of the θ-parameter multiplying the Pontryagin form F ^ F. The θ-term is the abelian version of the concept introduced by 't Hooft for the resolution of the U(1) problem in QCD. We point out that CS-generalized classical electrodynamics shows new phenomena when two neighboring regions with different θ-vacua are present. These topological effects result from surface effects induced by the boundary and we explore the consequences of such boundary effects for the propagation of the electromagnetic field in Maxwell theory. Several features, including optical and electrostatic/magnetostatic responses, which may be observable in condensed matter systems, like topological insulators, are discussed.
description: 11 pages, no figures
Amphipoda Latreille 1816
Creators: name: Jaume, Damià
name: Iliffe, Thomas M.
name: Van Der Ham, Joris L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda

description: Order AMPHIPODA Latreille, 1816
description: Published as part of Jaume, Damià, Iliffe, Thomas M. & Van Der Ham, Joris L., 2013, A new Psammogammarus (Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from anchialine pools on the Exuma Cays, Bahamas in Zootaxa 3700 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3700.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/223620
Diffractive Measurements in ATLAS
Creators: name: Shaw, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements made using the ATLAS detector at the LHC at \surd s = 7 TeV incorporating diffractive processes are presented. A first measurement of the inelastic cross-section using 20 μb-1 of data is given, yielding a result of σinel (ξ > 5 \times 10-6) = 60.3 \pm 2.1 mb, for single (p p \rightarrow X p) and double (p p \rightarrow XY) diffractive processes for a kinematic range corresponding to detector acceptance ξ = M2X /s calculated from the invariant mass MX of the heavier dissociation system X. Furthermore a study is made of pseudorapidity gap distributions using 7.1 \pm 0.2 μb-1 of data collected to tune the diffractive fraction of the inelastic cross-section in Monte Carlo (MC) models, and a measurement is made of the differential cross-section for events with large gaps in pseudorapidity where diffractive processes dominate.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, presented at The 19th Particles and Nuclei International Conference, MIT, MA, USA, 24 - 29 Jul 2011
The formation of shell galaxies similar to NGC 7600 in the cold dark matter cosmogony
Creators: name: Cooper, Andrew P.
name: Martinez-Delgado, David
name: Helly, John
name: Frenk, Carlos
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Crawford, Ken
name: Zibetti, Stefano
name: Carballo-Bello, Julio A.
name: Gabany, R. Jay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new deep observations of 'shell' structures in the halo of the nearby elliptical galaxy NGC 7600, alongside a movie of galaxy formation in a cold dark matter universe (available at http://www.virgo.dur.ac.uk/shell-galaxies). The movie, based on an ab initio cosmological simulation, shows how continuous accretion of clumps of dark matter and stars creates a swath of diffuse circumgalactic structures. The disruption of a massive clump on a near-radial orbit creates a complex system of transient concentric shells which bare a striking resemblance to those of NGC 7600. With the aid of the simulation we interpret NGC 7600 in the context of the CDM model.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. 6 pages, 3 figures. For the movies discussed in the paper, high resolution figures and more, see http://www.virgo.dur.ac.uk/shell-galaxies
Tunable optical Aharonov-Bohm effect in a semiconductor quantum ring
Creators: name: Li, Bin
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By applying an electric field perpendicular to a semiconductor quantum ring we show that it is possible to modify the single particle wave function between quantum dot (QD)-like to ring-like. The constraints on the geometrical parameters of the quantum ring to realize such a transition are derived. With such a perpendicular electric field we are able to tune the Aharanov-Bohm (AB) effect for both single particles and for excitons. The tunability is in both the strength of the AB-effect as well as in its periodicity. We also investigate the strain induce potential inside the self assembled quantum ring and the effect of the strain on the AB effect.
Laser-driven Plasma Wakefield: Propagation Effects
Creators: name: Cros, B.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Laser plasma acceleration; laser guiding; electron acceleration; plasma wave diagnostic.

description: In the frame of laser-driven wakefield acceleration, the main characteristics of laser propagation and plasma wave excitation are described, with an emphasis on the role of propagation distance for electron acceleration. To optimize interaction length and maximize energy gain, operation at low plasma density is the most promising regime for achieving ultra-relativistic energies. Among the possible methods of extending propagation length at low plasma density, laser guiding by grazing incidence reflection at the wall of dielectric capillary tubes has several assets. The properties of laser guiding and the measurement of plasma waves over long distances are presented.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
Role of Degeneracy, Hybridization, and Nesting in the Properties of Multi-Orbital Systems
Creators: name: Nicholson, Andrew
name: Luo, Qinlong
name: Ge, Weihao
name: Riera, José
name: Daghofer, Maria
name: Martins, George B.
name: Moreo, Adriana
name: Dagotto, Elbio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the role that degeneracy, hybridization, and nesting play in the magnetic and pairing properties of multiorbital Hubbard models we here study numerically two types of two- orbital models, both with hole-like and electron-like Fermi surfaces (FS's) that are related by nesting vectors (π, 0) and (0, π). In one case the bands that determine the FS's arise from strongly hybridized degenerate dxz and dyz orbitals, while in the other the two bands are determined by non-degenerate and non-hybridized s-like orbitals. Using a variety of techniques, in the weak coupling regime it is shown that only the model with hybridized bands develops metallic magnetic order, while the other model exhibits an ordered excitonic orbital-transverse spin state that is insulating and does not have a local magnetization. However, both models display similar insulating magnetic stripe ordering in the strong coupling limit. These results indicate that nesting is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the development of ordered states with finite local magnetization in multiorbital Hubbard systems; the additional ingredient appears to be that the nested portions of the bands need to have the same orbital flavor. This condition can be achieved via strong hybridization of the orbitals in weak coupling or via the FS reconstruction induced by the Coulomb interactions in the strong coupling regime. This effect also impacts the pairing symmetry as demonstrated by the study of the dominant pairing channels for the two models.
description: Submitted to PRB
Ion Acceleration—Target Normal Sheath Acceleration
Creators: name: Roth, M.
name: Schollmeier, M.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: Laser; ion acceleration; ultraintense lasers; plasma; accelerator.

description: Energetic ions have been observed since the very first laser-plasma experiments. Their origin was found to be the charge separation of electrons heated by the laser, which transfers energy to the ions accelerated in the field. The advent of ultra-intense lasers with pulse lengths in the femtosecond regime resulted in the discovery of very energetic ions with characteristics quite different from those driven by long-pulse lasers. Discovered in the late 1990s, these ion beams have become the focus of intense research worldwide, because
of their unique properties and high particle numbers. Based on their nonisotropic, beam-like behaviour, which is always perpendicular to the emitting surface, the acceleration mechanism is called target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA).We address the physics of the mechanism and its dependence on laser and target parameters. Techniques to explore and diagnose the beams, to make them useful for applications, are also addressed.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration
GUT and Supersymmetry at the LHC and in dark matter
Creators: name: Nath, Pran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional SO(10) models involve more than one scale for a complete breaking of the GUT symmetry requiring further assumptions on the VEVs of the Higgs fields that enter in the breaking to achieve viable models. Recent works where the breaking can be accomplished at one scale are discussed. These include models with just a pair of $144+\bar{144}$ of Higgs fields. Further extensions of this idea utilizing $560+ \bar{560}$ of Higgs representations allow both the breaking at one scale, as well as accomplish a natural doublet-triplet splitting via the missing partner mechanism. More generally, we discuss the connection of high scale models to low energy physics in the context of supergravity grand unification. Here we discuss a natural solution to the little hierarchy problem and also discuss the implications of the LHC data for supersymmetry. It is shown that the LHC data implies that most of the parameter space of supergravity models consistent with the data lie on the Hyperbolic Branch of radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry and more specifically on the Focal Surface of the Hyperbolic Branch. A discussion is also given of the implications of recent LHC data on the Higgs boson mass for the discovery of supersymmetry and for the search for dark matter.
description: Based on invited talk at the International Workshop on Grand Unified Theories, GUT2012, Conference, at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 15-17, March 2012. 10 pages
AWAKE, A Particle-driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment
Creators: name: Gschwendtner, E.
Publisher: name: CERN, Geneva
Year: 2016
Subjects: AWAKE; proton-driven plasma acceleration; plasma wakefield acceleration; self-modulation instability.

description: The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and electron acceleration driven by proton bunches. It is a proof-of-principle R and D experiment at CERN and the world’s first proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the former CNGS facility and uses the 400 GeV/c proton beam bunches from the SPS. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (r.m.s ~12 cm) proton bunch in the plasma. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, in 2017/2018, low energy (~15 MeV) electrons will be externally injected to sample the wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1 GeV.
description: CERN Yellow Reports, Vol 1 (2016): Proceedings of the 2014 CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Plasma Wake Acceleration