cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dez Anos de Evolução da Agricultura Familiar no Brasil: (1996 e 2006)
Creators: name: Guanziroli, Carlos Enrique
name: Buainain, Antonio Marcio
name: Sabbato, Alberto Di
name: Guanziroli, Carlos Enrique
name: Buainain, Antonio Marcio
name: Sabbato, Alberto Di
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: family farming
subject: technological innovation
subject: agricultural yield.
subject: agricultura familiar
subject: inovações tecnológicas
subject: produtividade agropecuária

description: Este artigo compara os principais resultados do censo agropecuário do IBGE de 1996 com os resultados do censo de 2006, seguindo a metodologia conhecida como “FAO-Incra” que permite caracterizar a agricultura familiar delimitando-a no universo total dos estabelecimentos. Na comparação destacam‑se algumas variáveis significativas, tais como participação no valor da produção total (VBP), participação na área total dos estabelecimentos, utilização de tecnologia moderna e produtividade parcial de fatores.Os censos mostram que a participação na produção agropecuária se manteve praticamente inalterada, passando de 37,91% em 1996 para 36,11% em 2006, numa década de forte expansão do setor, o que revela que este segmente faz parte das cadeias produtivas agropecuárias do agronegócio brasileiro. A agricultura familiar é um segmento heterogêneo, com diversos subsegmentos. Nos dez anos de pesquisa percebe‑se que houve forte crescimento da participação na produção do segmento mais abastado da agricultura familiar (A) e um crescimento numérico dos grupos mais pobres da mesma (C e D), sem o correspondente acréscimo de produção......This article compares the main findings of data fromBrazilian agricultural census in 1996 with the same in 2006 by applying the methodology known as “FAO/Incra”, which allows characterizing family farm in relation to the total universe of farms. In this comparison, several variables are presented, such as the participation of family farming in the total value of production, in the total number of farms, utilization of modern technology and partial factor productivity.Their share of total agricultural production stayed almost equal, with slight reduction, from 37.91% in 1996 to 36,11% during a decade of sharp expansion of agriculture as a whole, demonstrating that this segment is integrated in the productive agricultural chains of the Brazilian agribusiness.Family farming is a heterogeneous segment, with different segments. During the period of ten years, the richestof these segments (A) has increased their participation inthe total production, while the poorest sub segments (C and D) have only grown in absolute terms without a corresponding increase in production.
Improving Non-autoregressive Translation Quality with Pretrained Language Model, Embedding Distillation and Upsampling Strategy for CTC
Creators: name: Syu, Shen-sian
name: Xie, Juncheng
name: Lee, Hung-yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Non-autoregressive approaches aim to improve the inference speed of translation models, particularly those that generate output in a one-pass forward manner. However, these approaches often suffer from a significant drop in translation quality compared to autoregressive models. This paper introduces a series of innovative techniques to enhance the translation quality of Non-Autoregressive Translation (NAT) models while maintaining a substantial acceleration in inference speed. We propose fine-tuning Pretrained Multilingual Language Models (PMLMs) with the CTC loss to train NAT models effectively. Furthermore, we adopt the MASK insertion scheme for up-sampling instead of token duplication, and we present an embedding distillation method to further enhance performance. In our experiments, our model outperforms the baseline autoregressive model (Transformer \textit{base}) on multiple datasets, including WMT'14 DE$\leftrightarrow$EN, WMT'16 RO$\leftrightarrow$EN, and IWSLT'14 DE$\leftrightarrow$EN. Notably, our model achieves better performance than the baseline autoregressive model on the IWSLT'14 En$\leftrightarrow$De and WMT'16 En$\leftrightarrow$Ro datasets, even without using distillation data during training. It is worth highlighting that on the IWSLT'14 DE$\rightarrow$EN dataset, our model achieves an impressive BLEU score of 39.59, setting a new state-of-the-art performance. Additionally, our model exhibits a remarkable speed improvement of 16.35 times compared to the autoregressive model.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Pruning the Way to Reliable Policies: A Multi-Objective Deep Q-Learning Approach to Critical Care
Creators: name: Shirali, Ali
name: Schubert, Alexander
name: Alaa, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Medical treatments often involve a sequence of decisions, each informed by previous outcomes. This process closely aligns with reinforcement learning (RL), a framework for optimizing sequential decisions to maximize cumulative rewards under unknown dynamics. While RL shows promise for creating data-driven treatment plans, its application in medical contexts is challenging due to the frequent need to use sparse rewards, primarily defined based on mortality outcomes. This sparsity can reduce the stability of offline estimates, posing a significant hurdle in fully utilizing RL for medical decision-making. We introduce a deep Q-learning approach to obtain more reliable critical care policies by integrating relevant but noisy frequently measured biomarker signals into the reward specification without compromising the optimization of the main outcome. Our method prunes the action space based on all available rewards before training a final model on the sparse main reward. This approach minimizes potential distortions of the main objective while extracting valuable information from intermediate signals to guide learning. We evaluate our method in off-policy and offline settings using simulated environments and real health records from intensive care units. Our empirical results demonstrate that our method outperforms common offline RL methods such as conservative Q-learning and batch-constrained deep Q-learning. By disentangling sparse rewards and frequently measured reward proxies through action pruning, our work represents a step towards developing reliable policies that effectively harness the wealth of available information in data-intensive critical care environments.
description: This work has been published in the Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission
timeseriesdb: Manage and Archive Time Series Data in Establishment Statistics with R and PostgreSQL
Creators: name: Bannert, Matthias
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2015
Subjects: PostgreSQL
Time series
Data management
RELATIONALE DATENBANKEN (INFORMATIONSSYSTEME)
STATISTIKSOFTWARE
Reproducible research
NoSQL
Establishment statistics
Ocial statistics
Economic data
Relational database
RELATIONAL DATABASES (INFORMATION SYSTEMS)
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS (MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS)
R
STATISTICS/BUSINESS ECONOMICS
BETRIEBSWIRTSCHAFTLICHE STATISTIK
ZEITREIHENANALYSE (MATHEMATISCHE STATISTIK)
STATISTICAL DATA HANDLING (MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS)
VERARBEITUNG UND AUSWERTUNG STATISTISCHER DATEN (MATHEMATISCHE STATISTIK)
hstore
STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 384
Adiabatic geometric phase in fully nonlinear three-wave mixing
Creators: name: Li, Yongyao
name: Yesharim, Ofir
name: Hurvitz, Inbar
name: Karnieli, Aviv
name: Fu, Shenhe
name: Porat, Gil
name: Arie, Ady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a nonlinear three-wave mixing process, the interacting waves can accumulate an adiabatic geometric phase (AGP) if the nonlinear coefficient of the crystal is modulated in a proper manner along the nonlinear crystal. This concept was studied so far only for the case in which the pump wave is much stronger than the two other waves, hence can be assumed to be constant. Here we extend this analysis for the fully nonlinear process, in which all three waves can be depleted and we show that the sign and magnitude of the AGP can be controlled by the period, phase and duty cycle of the nonlinear modulation pattern. In this fully nonlinear interaction, all the states of the system can be mapped onto a closed surface. Specifically, we study a process in which the eigenstate of the system follows a circular rotation on the surface. Our analysis reveals that the AGP equals to the difference between the total phase accumulated along the circular trajectory and that along its vertical projection, which is universal for the undepleted (linear) and depleted (nonlinear) cases. Moreover, the analysis reveals that the AGPs in the processes of sum-frequency generation and difference-frequency generation have opposite chirality. Finally, we utilize the AGP in the fully nonlinear case for splitting the beam into different diffraction orders in the far field.
description: 9 pages, 36 references, 7 figures. Published on Physical Review A
KOF Analysen 2008, Nr. 1, Frühjahr
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2008
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2008 (1)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
title: Attempts on holographic renormalization of conformal Chern-Simons gravity in 3D flat space
Creators: name: Ozvoldik, Kornel
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: holographic principle
subject: lowerdimensional models of gravity

description: Two methods for calculating the 2-point function of the holographic dual CFT to Chern-Simons gravity on an 3-dimensional Lorentzian flat space background are presented with partial success. A promising procedure to calculate the full set of 2-point functions is suggested.
Heterogeneous slow dynamics in a two dimensional doped classical antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Kennett, Malcolm P.
name: Chamon, Claudio
name: Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a lattice model for a classical doped two dimensional antiferromagnet which has no quenched disorder, yet displays slow dynamics similar to those observed in supercooled liquids. We calculate two-time spatial and spin correlations via Monte Carlo simulations and find that for sufficiently low temperatures, there is anomalous diffusion and stretched-exponential relaxation of spin correlations. The relaxation times associated with spin correlations and diffusion both diverge at low temperatures in a sub-Arrhenius fashion if the fit is done over a large temperature-window or an Arrhenius fashion if only low temperatures are considered. We find evidence of spatially heterogeneous dynamics, in which vacancies created by changes in occupation facilitate spin flips on neighbouring sites. We find violations of the Stokes-Einstein relation and Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation and show that the probability distributions of local spatial correlations indicate fast and slow populations of sites, and local spin correlations indicate a wide distribution of relaxation times, similar to observ ations in other glassy systems with and without quenched disorder.
description: 12 pages, 17 figures, corrected erroneous figure, and improved quality of manuscript, updated references
Can Pretrained Language Models Derive Correct Semantics from Corrupt Subwords under Noise?
Creators: name: Li, Xinzhe
name: Liu, Ming
name: Gao, Shang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For Pretrained Language Models (PLMs), their susceptibility to noise has recently been linked to subword segmentation. However, it is unclear which aspects of segmentation affect their understanding. This study assesses the robustness of PLMs against various disrupted segmentation caused by noise. An evaluation framework for subword segmentation, named Contrastive Lexical Semantic (CoLeS) probe, is proposed. It provides a systematic categorization of segmentation corruption under noise and evaluation protocols by generating contrastive datasets with canonical-noisy word pairs. Experimental results indicate that PLMs are unable to accurately compute word meanings if the noise introduces completely different subwords, small subword fragments, or a large number of additional subwords, particularly when they are inserted within other subwords.
title: Investigating design features of a computer-mediated communication system
Creators: name: Kear, Karen Lesley
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is increasingly used in higher education, but it is not without problems. The effectiveness of CMC depends on many factors, including the characteristics of CMC systems themselves. The research reported here therefore aimed to investigate how an educational CMC system might be improved, in order to support learning more effectively. The main context for the research was distance learning at the UK Open University (OU). A two-stage, mixed methods research approach was adopted. In the first stage, interviews and observations were carried out to explore the benefits and problems experienced by users. This revealed two major issues: information overload and lack of social presence. Information overload relates to users’ problems dealing with large numbers of messages. Social presence relates to the need for users to feel connected with each other. The second stage investigated system features aimed at addressing these issues, implemented in a prototype computer conferencing system. Features to address overload included branched message threading and user recommendations. Features to address social presence were ‘résumés’ and instant messaging. These features were evaluated using questionnaires, with several cohorts of students in an OU course. Students expressed approval of the features, although some features were not widely used. Students preferred branched threading to chronological threading because branching helped them to follow ‘conversations’. Students were uncomfortable recommending messages, feeling that the value of a message would vary between people. They were also uncomfortable using instant messaging to contact others whom they did not know. However, the awareness aspect of instant messaging provided a sense of solidarity. The research demonstrated that the problems of overload and lack of social presence are significant, and each has social aspects which must be addressed. Students’ relationships with each other affect whether and how they use the features of CMC systems. We can conclude that particular attention must be paid to the social aspects of online communication, both when designing educational CMC systems and when considering how they are used. To maximise the benefits for learning, students need to feel comfortable with each other online, and there are few short cuts to achieving this.
The role of Lattice QCD in flavor physics
Creators: name: Lubicz, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding flavor physics is one of the most important tasks of particle physics today, which is motivating an extraordinary experimental and theoretical investigational effort. Important progress in this field has already been achieved in the last few years, with Lattice QCD calculations playing an essential role in this effort. I will describe some lattice contributions to the studies of flavor physics by focusing particularly on the determination of the CKM matrix and on the study of CP violation in the Standard Model.
description: Talk presented at Lattice2004(plenary), Fermilab, June 21-26, 2004. 10 pages, 7 figures
KOF Analysen 2008, Nr. 2, Sommer
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2008
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2008 (2)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
Hydrodynamic model atmospheres for WR stars: Self-consistent modeling of a WC star wind
Creators: name: Gräfener, G.
name: Hamann, W. -R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first non-LTE atmosphere models for WR stars that incorporate a self-consistent solution of the hydrodynamic equations. The models account for iron-group line-blanketing and clumping, and compute the hydrodynamic structure of a radiatively driven wind consistently with the non-LTE radiation transport in the co-moving frame. We construct a self-consistent wind model that reproduces all observed properties of an early-type WC star (WC5). We find that the WR-type mass-loss is initiated at high optical depth by the so-called `Hot Iron Bump' opacities (Fe IX-XVI). The acceleration of the outer wind regions is performed by iron-group ions of lower excitation in combination with C and O. Consequently, the wind structure shows two acceleration regions, one close to the hydrostatic wind base in the optically thick part of the atmosphere, and another farther out in the wind. In addition to the radiative acceleration, the `Iron Bump' opacities are responsible for an intense heating of deep atmospheric layers. We find that the observed narrow OVI-emissions in the optical spectra of WC stars originate from this region. By their dependence on the clumping factor we gain important information about the location where the density inhomogeneities in WR-winds start to develop.
description: accepted by A&A
Turismo Rural, Empreendedorismo e Gênero: um estudo de caso na comunidade autônoma da Galiza
Creators: name: Dieguez-Castrillon, Mª Isabel
name: Gueimonde-Canto, Ana
name: Sinde-Cantorna, Ana
name: Blanco-Cerradelo, Lidia
name: Dieguez-Castrillon, Mª Isabel
name: Gueimonde-Canto, Ana
name: Sinde-Cantorna, Ana
name: Blanco-Cerradelo, Lidia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: gender
subject: motivations
subject: rural tourism
subject: entrepreneurship
subject: diversification.
subject: gênero
subject: motivação
subject: turismo rural
subject: empreendedorismo
subject: diversificação

description: Neste trabalho indagamos sobre possíveis diferenças no comportamento empreendedor em turismo rural; estabelecemos características e dimensões motivadoras em função do gênero. Num exemplo representativo de estabelecimentos de turismo rural da Comunidade Autônoma da Galiza (Espanha), encontramos relação entre gênero e importância da compatibilização de atividades agrárias e tumrísticas, e entre gênero e perfil das motivações para empreender atividades de turismo rural. As mulheres estão mais motivadas por elementos do âmbito econômico e, portanto, na tomada de decisões, têm mais relevância os critérios de racionalidade econômica unidos à estratégia de diversificação da atividade agrária em favor da sobrevivência financeira. Ao contrário do estabelecido na maior parte da literatura, os fatores de índole social, familiar ou institucional têm a mesma importância para homens e mulheres. Aliás, verifica‑se a ausência de relação entre gênero e características pessoais (como idade e formação e necessidades financeiras do empreendedor).......In this paper we establish entrepreneurship characteristics and motivational dimension by gender. Analyzing a representative sample of rural tourism establishments of the Autonomous Community of Galicia (Spain), we seek behavioural differences between gender holders. Relationship is found between gender and reconciliation and importance of agricultural activities by owner, and between gender and profile of the motivations to start tourism activity. Female entrepreneurs are more motivated by elements in the economic sphere and, therefore, have a greater role in decision-making rational economic criteria and diversification of agriculture.
TLCAN: UN CAMINO HACIA ADELANTE
Creators: name: Crawford, Terry L.
name: Crawford, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: NAFTA
subject: Canada
subject: Mexico
subject: United States
subject: trade
subject: investment
subject: trucking
subject: TLCAN
subject: Canadá
subject: México
subject: Estados Unidos
subject: el comercio
subject: la inversión
subject: transporte por carretera

description: It has been over four years since the NAFTA transition period was completed and we are now operating on a normal basis in terms of the removal of tariffs and quotas. During this post transition period we have experienced a major worldwide recession. Using USDA baseline 2021 projections and other econometric analysis we can project how NAFTA will work in the next ten years, especially for agricultural commodities. The key finding is that NAFTA trade is highly correlated with GDP growth in the three countries.....Hace poco más de cuatro años que terminó el período de transición del TLCAN y ahora opera de manera normal en cuanto a la eliminación de aranceles y cuotas. Durante este período de post-transición hemos experimentado una recesión a nivel mundial. Utilizando de referencia las proyecciones del año 2021 del USDA y otros análisis econométricos, podemos proyectar cómo marchará el TLCAN en los próximos diez años, sobre todo para los productos agrícolas. El descubrimiento clave es que el comercio del TLCAN está altamente correlacionado con el crecimiento del PIB en los tres países.
S.T.A.R.-Track: Latent Motion Models for End-to-End 3D Object Tracking with Adaptive Spatio-Temporal Appearance Representations
Creators: name: Doll, Simon
name: Hanselmann, Niklas
name: Schneider, Lukas
name: Schulz, Richard
name: Enzweiler, Markus
name: Lensch, Hendrik P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Following the tracking-by-attention paradigm, this paper introduces an object-centric, transformer-based framework for tracking in 3D. Traditional model-based tracking approaches incorporate the geometric effect of object- and ego motion between frames with a geometric motion model. Inspired by this, we propose S.T.A.R.-Track, which uses a novel latent motion model (LMM) to additionally adjust object queries to account for changes in viewing direction and lighting conditions directly in the latent space, while still modeling the geometric motion explicitly. Combined with a novel learnable track embedding that aids in modeling the existence probability of tracks, this results in a generic tracking framework that can be integrated with any query-based detector. Extensive experiments on the nuScenes benchmark demonstrate the benefits of our approach, showing state-of-the-art performance for DETR3D-based trackers while drastically reducing the number of identity switches of tracks at the same time.
description: \c{opyright} 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
The simplest of them all: $t\bar{t} W^\pm$ at NLO accuracy in QCD
Creators: name: Bevilacqua, Giuseppe
name: Bi, Huan-Yu
name: Hartanto, Heribertus Bayu
name: Kraus, Manfred
name: Worek, Malgorzata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent measurements of the $pp\to t\bar{t}W^\pm$ process in multi-lepton final states, as performed by the ATLAS collaboration in the context of the Higgs boson studies in the $t\bar{t}H$ channel, have shown discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental data. Such discrepancies have been observed both in the overall normalisation as well as in the modelling of the $t\bar{t}W^\pm$ process. With the goal of understanding and resolving the modelling issues within the SM $t\bar{t}W^\pm$ process we report on the state-of-the-art NLO QCD computation for this process. Specifically, we calculate higher-order corrections to the $e^+ ν_e \,μ^-\barν_μ\, e^+ ν_e \, b\bar{b}$ and $e^- \barν_e \, μ^+ ν_μ\, e^- \barν_e \, b\bar{b}$ final state at the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. In the computation off-shell top quarks are described by Breit-Wigner propagators, furthermore, double-, single- as well as non-resonant top-quark contributions along with all interference effects are consistently incorporated at the matrix element level. Results at NLO QCD accuracy are presented in the form of fiducial integrated and differential cross sections for two selected renormalisation and factorisation scale choices and three different PDF sets. The impact of the top quark off-shell effects on the $t\bar{t}W^\pm$ cross section is also examined by an explicit comparison to the narrow-width approximation.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, version to appear in JHEP
KOF Analysen 2008, Nr. 3, Herbst
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2008
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2008 (3)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
A Framework for Quantifying Controversy of Social Network Debates Using Attributed Networks: Biased Random Walk (BRW)
Creators: name: Emamgholizadeh, Hanif
name: Nourizade, Milad
name: Tajbakhsh, Mir Saman
name: Hashminezhad, Mahdieh
name: Esfahani, Farzaneh Nasr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All societies have been much more bipolar over the past few years, particularly after the emergence of online social networks and media. In fact, the gap between the two ends of social spectrum is going to be even deeper after the spread of new media. In this circumstance, social polarization has been a growing concern among socialists and computer science experts because of the detrimental impact which online social networks can have on societies by adding fuel to the fire of extremism. Several types of research were conducted for proposing measures to calculate the controversy level in social networks, afterward, to reduce controversy among contradicting viewpoints, for example, by exposing opinions of one side to other side's members. Most of the attempts for quantifying social networks' controversy have considered the networks in their most primary forms, without any attributes. Although these kinds of researches provide platform-free algorithms to be used in different social networks, they are not able to take into account a great deal of useful information provided by users (node attributes).To surmount this shortcoming, we propose a framework to be utilized in different networks with different attributes. We propelled some Biased Random Walks (BRW) to find their path from start point to an initially unknown endpoint with respect to initial energy of start node and energy loss of nodes on the path. We extracted structural attribute of networks, using node2vec, and compared it with state-of-the-art algorithms, and showed its accuracy. Then, we extracted some content attributes of user and analyze their effects on the results of our algorithm. BRW is compared with another state-of-the-art controversy measuring algorithm. Then, its changes in different level of controversy in Persian Twitter is considered to show how it works in different circumstance.
KOF Analysen 2008/2009, Nr. 4, Winter
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2008
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2008/2009 (4)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
Isoscaling of the Fission Fragments with Langevin Equation
Creators: name: Wang, K.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Wei, Y. B.
name: Cai, X. Z.
name: Chen, J. G.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Guo, W.
name: Ma, G. L.
name: Shen, W. Q.
name: Tian, W. D.
name: Zhong, C.
name: Zhou, X. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Langevin equation is used to simulate the fission process of $^{112}$Sn + $^{112}$Sn and $^{116}$Sn + $^{116}$Sn. The mass distribution of the fission fragments are given by assuming the process of symmetric fission or asymmetric fission with the Gaussian probability sampling. Isoscaling behavior has been observed from the analysis of fission fragments of both reactions and the isoscaling parameter $α$ seems to be sensitive to the width of fission probability and the beam energy.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
title: Dissipative losses in self-interacting Dark Matter collisions
Creators: name: Semmelrock, Lukas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astroteilchenphysik
subject: Dunkle Materie
subject: Strukturbildung
subject: Bremsstrahlung
subject: astroparticle physics
subject: dark matter
subject: structure formation
subject: bremsstrahlung

description: Selbst-Wechselwirkungen von Dunkler Materie werden häufig zur Erklärung der Kleinstrukturprobleme im Universum verwendet. Sie könnten wichtige Auswirkungen auf die Entstehung und Entwicklung von Strukturen haben, von Zwerggalaxien bis großen Galaxienhaufen. In dieser Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen von Bremsstrahlung in Kollisionen von selbst-wechselwirkender Dunkler Materie auf die Strukturbildung im Universum analysiert. Zu diesem Zweck werden vier verschiedene Dunkle Materie Modelle störungstheoretisch im nicht-relativistischen und nicht-entarteten Regime untersucht. Wirkungsquerschnitte und Energieverlustraten werden analytisch für alle Modelle berechnet. Für verschwindende Masse des Austausch- und emittierten Teilchens werden analytische Lösungen angegeben, während für endliche Massen auf numerische Lösungsverfahren zurückgegriffen wird. Um die Wirkung der Strahlungskühlung eines Dunkle-Materie-Gases auf die Strukturbildung zu analysieren, wird die Abkühlzeit basierend auf störungstheoretischen Berechnungen mit der Zeitskala elastischer Streuungen, der Hubble-Zeit und der gravitativen Zeitskala verglichen.
description: Dark matter self-interactions are frequently put forward in the explanation of small structure problems in the universe. They could have important implications on the formation and evolution of structures, from dwarf galaxies to large galaxy clusters. In this thesis, the effects of bremsstrahlung in self-interacting dark matter collisions on structure formation are analyzed. For that purpose, four different dark matter models are studied perturbatively in a non-relativistic and non-degenerate limit. Cross sections and energy loss rates are calculated analytically for all models for vanishing masses of the mediator and emitted particle and numerically for finite masses. To analyze the effect of radiative cooling on structure formation, the cooling time of a gas of dark matter particles, based on perturbative calculations, is compared to the elastic scattering time scale, the Hubble time and the gravitational timescale.
A Survey on Out-of-Distribution Evaluation of Neural NLP Models
Creators: name: Li, Xinzhe
name: Liu, Ming
name: Gao, Shang
name: Buntine, Wray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adversarial robustness, domain generalization and dataset biases are three active lines of research contributing to out-of-distribution (OOD) evaluation on neural NLP models. However, a comprehensive, integrated discussion of the three research lines is still lacking in the literature. In this survey, we 1) compare the three lines of research under a unifying definition; 2) summarize the data-generating processes and evaluation protocols for each line of research; and 3) emphasize the challenges and opportunities for future work.
KOF Analysen 2009, Nr. 1, Frühjahr
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2009
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2009 (1)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
KOF Analysen 2009, Nr. 2, Sommer
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2009
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2009 (2)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
KOF Analysen 2009/2010, Nr. 4, Winter
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2009
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2009/2010 (4)
description: ISSN:1662-3517
Make Text Unlearnable: Exploiting Effective Patterns to Protect Personal Data
Creators: name: Li, Xinzhe
name: Liu, Ming
name: Gao, Shang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper addresses the ethical concerns arising from the use of unauthorized public data in deep learning models and proposes a novel solution. Specifically, building on the work of Huang et al. (2021), we extend their bi-level optimization approach to generate unlearnable text using a gradient-based search technique. However, although effective, this approach faces practical limitations, including the requirement of batches of instances and model architecture knowledge that is not readily accessible to ordinary users with limited access to their own data. Furthermore, even with semantic-preserving constraints, unlearnable noise can alter the text's semantics. To address these challenges, we extract simple patterns from unlearnable text produced by bi-level optimization and demonstrate that the data remains unlearnable for unknown models. Additionally, these patterns are not instance- or dataset-specific, allowing users to readily apply them to text classification and question-answering tasks, even if only a small proportion of users implement them on their public content. We also open-source codes to generate unlearnable text and assess unlearnable noise to benefit the public and future studies.
title: An Investigation Into Grassroots Initiated Networked Communities As A Means Of Addressing The Digital Divide
Creators: name: Gaved, Mark Barron
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2011

description: Despite two decades of government and commercial intervention, a digital divide persists in the UK. Access to internet connectivity and the associated tools and services that permit full participation in the information society greatly varies. Researchers argue that a more complex set of insufficiencies must be overcome and continually re-addressed to enable individuals and communities to make meaningful usage of the internet to enhance their activities. This thesis examines the discourse surrounding the digital divide and investigates one response: the establishment of grassroots initiated networked communities. These initiatives represent local neighbourhoods attempting self-provisioning solutions; appropriating technology within their own communities to connect residents to each other, and the wider world through the internet, often building on an existing set of social relationships and ongoing interaction. The research consists of a literature review, a survey of grassroots initiated networked communities in the UK, and the collaborative development of software tools to enhance community interaction working alongside two communities. An analysis of the motivations and goals of these initiatives is presented based on the survey and interviews with ten groups, providing evidence of a range of activities and a simple typology of initiatives, which I define as Pioneers, Subcultures and Cooperatives. The thesis provides recommendations to practitioners and policy makers on how best to support such initiatives, and indicates useful areas of further research. The collaborative development of software tools alongside two initiatives reveals the challenges of undertaking a participatory research approach and identifies barriers to social software adoption. I identify that grassroots community responses to the digital divide face challenges, including achieving critical mass, sponsorship, and sustainability. The research concludes by establishing that grassroots initiated networked communities are a valid response to overcoming the digital divide, and that a community approach offers shared motivation, social support, and knowledge sharing.
¿SON LOS BIOCOMBUSTIBLES SOCIALMENTE ACEPTADOS EN GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR?
Creators: name: Domínguez, Juan M.
name: Olivares, María
name: Domínguez, Juan M.
name: Olivares, María
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Bio-fuels
subject: Perception
subject: Correspondence Analysis
subject: Biocombustibles
subject: Percepción
subject: Análisis de Correspondencias

description: It was provided a questionnaire to 211 persons in the city of Guayaquil in Ecuador in order to measure and assess the social acceptance that would potentially have the development of the bio-fuel industry in the country. This study provides the mean values and standard deviation of 17 indicators measuring perceptions about the possible effects in socio-economic and environmental areas. The absence of national targets for mixing and consumption of bio-fuels in the country, allows the social acceptance of this new product exerts a key role that could even become a barrier of the launch of this industry. Also an Analysis of Correspondence was realized in order to establish the relationships between the indicators related to perceptions, socio-economic variables and the willingness to pay (WTP). We found that those who possess a high level of education (high income as well) are those who have the lowest WTP and also have a negative environmental perception, while those who are unaware of the existence and local production of these fuels have the highest WTP....Se encuestó a 211 personas en la ciudad de Guayaquil-Ecuador con el objetivo de medir y valorar la aceptación social que potencialmente tendría el desarrollo de la industria de biocombustible en el país. Este estudio reporta los valores promedios y la desviación estándar de 17 indicadores que miden las percepciones ante los posibles efectos de carácter socioeconómico y ambiental. La ausencia de objetivos nacionales de mezcla y consumo de biocombustibles en el país, permite que la aceptación social de este nuevo producto ejerza un rol clave que podría incluso convertirse en una barrera para el despegue de esta industria. Se realizó un Análisis de Correspondencia para estudiar las relaciones entre las indicadores de percepción, variables socio-económicas y la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP). Encontrándose que aquellos que posee un alto nivel de educación (y alto nivel de ingresos) son aquellos que tienen la menor DAP y además poseen una percepción negativa sobre los efectos ambientales, mientras que aquellos que desconocen de la existencia y producción local de estos combustibles poseen la mayor DAP.
Background magnetic field and quantum correlations in the Schwinger effect
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Sourav
name: Chakrabortty, Shankhadeep
name: Hoshino, Hironori
name: Kaushal, Shagun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider two complex scalar fields distinguished by their masses coupled to constant background electric and magnetic fields in the $(3+1)$-dimensional Minkowski spacetime and subsequently investigate a few measures quantifying the quantum correlations between the created particle-antiparticle Schwinger pairs. Since the background magnetic field itself cannot cause the decay of the Minkowski vacuum, our chief motivation here is to investigate the interplay between the effects due to the electric and magnetic fields. We start by computing the entanglement entropy for the vacuum state of a single scalar field. Second, we consider some maximally entangled states for the two-scalar field system and compute the logarithmic negativity and the mutual information. Qualitative differences of these results pertaining to the charge content of the states are emphasised. Based upon these results, we suggest some possible effects of a background magnetic field on the degradation of entanglement between states in an accelerated frame, for charged quantum fields.
description: v2; 17 pages, 8 figures
Nonintegrable Schrodinger Discrete Breathers
Creators: name: Gomez-Gardenes, J.
name: Floria, L. M.
name: Peyrard, M.
name: Bishop, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an extensive numerical investigation of nonintegrable translational motion of discrete breathers in nonlinear Schrodinger lattices, we have used a regularized Newton algorithm to continue these solutions from the limit of the integrable Ablowitz-Ladik lattice. These solutions are shown to be a superposition of a localized moving core and an excited extended state (background) to which the localized moving pulse is spatially asymptotic. The background is a linear combination of small amplitude nonlinear resonant plane waves and it plays an essential role in the energy balance governing the translational motion of the localized core. Perturbative collective variable theory predictions are critically analyzed in the light of the numerical results.
description: 42 pages, 28 figures. to be published in CHAOS (December 2004)
Equidistribution of high traces of random matrices over finite fields and cancellation in character sums of high conductor
Creators: name: Gorodetsky, Ofir
name: Kovaleva, Valeriya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $g$ be a random matrix distributed according to uniform probability measure on the finite general linear group $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$. We show that $\mathrm{Tr}(g^k)$ equidistributes on $\mathbb{F}_q$ as $n \to \infty$ as long as $\log k=o(n^2)$ and that this range is sharp. We also show that nontrivial linear combinations of $\mathrm{Tr}(g^1),\ldots, \mathrm{Tr}(g^k)$ equidistribute as long as $\log k =o(n)$ and this range is sharp as well. Previously equidistribution of either a single trace or a linear combination of traces was only known for $k \le c_q n$, where $c_q$ depends on $q$, due to work of the first author and Rodgers.
 We reduce the problem to exhibiting cancellation in certain short character sums in function fields. For the equidistribution of $\mathrm{Tr}(g^k)$ we end up showing that certain explicit character sums modulo $T^{k+1}$ exhibit cancellation when averaged over monic polynomials of degree $n$ in $\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ as long as $\log k = o(n^2)$. This goes far beyond the classical range $\log k =o(n)$ due to Montgomery and Vaughan. To study these sums we build on the argument of Montgomery and Vaughan but exploit additional symmetry present in the considered sums.
description: 19 pages, accepted version. Includes 1-page appendix on character sums not included in published version
Lipedema associado a obesidade, linfedema e insuficiência venosa: relato de um caso
Creators: name: Amato, Alexandre Campos Moraes
name: Markus, David Vofchuk
name: Santos, Ricardo Virgínio Dos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: O lipedema, apesar de prevalente, é uma condição mórbida subdiagnosticada. Descrição do caso: O presente artigo apresen- ta o caso de uma paciente de 80 anos com diversas comorbidades que possui episódios álgicos e pruriginosos constantes em membros inferiores, além de alterações dérmicas, associadas a dificuldade de deambulação e flexão de pernas, bem como presença constante de hematomas, equimoses e sensação de peso constante em membros inferiores. Discussão: O lipedema é geralmente confundido com seus principais diagnósticos diferenciais, como, por exemplo, o linfedema e a obesidade. Conclusões: Torna-se, portanto, essencial o conhecimento fisiopatológico e clínico da doença, a fim de que seja feito um diagnóstico preciso e, deste modo, instalada uma terapêu- tica adequada.
Inelastic neutron scattering study of single crystal heavy fermion YbAgGe
Creators: name: Fak, B.
name: McMorrow, D. F.
name: Niklowitz, P. G.
name: Raymond, S.
name: Ressouche, E.
name: Flouquet, J.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Janssen, Y.
name: Gutmann, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of the heavy-fermion compound YbAgGe have been studied by neutron scattering. The magnetic ordering occurring below T1=0.5 K is characterized by a commensurate propagation vector k=(1/3,0,1/3) and the moments in the basal plane of the hexagonal structure. The dynamic magnetic susceptibility is dominated by quasielastic spin fluctuations with a characteristic energy Gamma of the order of 1 meV. The spins fluctuate predominantly in the basal plane. No spin-wave excitations are observed in the magnetically ordered phase. Below the Kondo temperature, TK=20 K, Gamma shows a strong q dependence for wave vectors along the c* direction, but is q-independent in the basal plane. Gamma shows initially a rapid increase with temperature T at the antiferromagnetic zone center, but follows a standard sqrt(T) law for other q values and for T>TK in general. These observations classify YbAgGe as a well-behaved heavy-fermion compound with a particular q-dependence of the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, possibly related to the geometrical frustration of the Yb3+ ions.
description: 13 pages
KOF Analysen 2009, Nr. 3, Herbst
Creators: name: KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle der ETH Zürich
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2009
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Analysen, 2009 (3)
description: ISSN:1662-3517