cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mapping stellar kinematics across the Galactic bar: HST measurements of proper motions in 35 fields
Creators: name: Kozlowski, S.
name: Wozniak, P. R.
name: Mao, S.
name: Smith, M. C.
name: Sumi, T.
name: Vestrand, W. T.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a proper motion mini-survey of 35 fields in the vicinity of Baade window, (l, b) = (1 deg, -4 deg), sampling roughly a 5 x 2.5 deg region of the Galactic bar. Our second epoch observations collected with the ACS/HRC instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope were combined with the archival WFPC2/PC images. The resulting time baselines are in the range of 4 - 8 years. Precise proper motions of 15,863 stars were determined in the reference frame defined by the mean motion of stars with magnitudes between I_F814W = 16.5 - 21.5 along the line of sight. We clearly detect small gradients in proper motion dispersions (sigma_l, sigma_b) ~ (3.0, 2.5) mas/yr, and in the amount of anisotropy (sigma_l/sigma_b ~ 1.2). Both the longitude dispersion sigma_l and its ratio to the vertical motion sigma_b increase toward the Galactic plane. The decline of the anisotropy ratio sigma_l/sigma_b toward the minor axis of the bulge is mostly due to increasing sigma_b. We also find, for the first time, a significant negative covariance term in the transverse velocity field sigma_lb/(sigma_l*sigma_b) ~ -0.10. Our results extend by a factor of ~15 the number of the Galactic bar fields with good proper motion dispersions.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Quantum search of partially ordered sets
Creators: name: Montanaro, Ashley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the generalisation of quantum search of unstructured and totally ordered sets to search of partially ordered sets (posets). Two models for poset search are considered. In both models, we show that quantum algorithms can achieve at most a quadratic improvement in query complexity over classical algorithms, up to logarithmic factors; we also give quantum algorithms that almost achieve this optimal reduction in complexity. In one model, we give an improved quantum algorithm for searching forest-like posets; in the other, we give an optimal O(sqrt(m))-query quantum algorithm for searching posets derived from m*m arrays sorted by rows and columns. This leads to a quantum algorithm that finds the intersection of two sorted lists of n integers in O(sqrt(n)) time, which is optimal.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures; v2 has minor corrections and improvements
Beyond QUIC v1: A First Look at Recent Transport Layer IETF Standardization Efforts
Creators: name: Kosek, Mike
name: Shreedhar, Tanya
name: Bajpai, Vaibhav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The transport layer is ossified. With most of the research and deployment efforts in the past decade focussing on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and its extensions, the QUIC standardization by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is to be finalized in early 2021. In addition to addressing the most urgent issues of TCP, QUIC ensures its future extendibility and is destined to drastically change the transport protocol landscape. In this work, we present a first look at emerging protocols and their IETF standardization efforts beyond QUIC v1. While multiple proposed extensions improve on QUIC itself, Multiplexed Application Substrate over QUIC Encryption (MASQUE) as well as WebTransport present different approaches to address long-standing problems, and their interplay extends on QUIC's take to address transport layer ossification challenges.
Serum Raman spectroscopy combined with Gaussian—convolutional neural network models to quickly detect liver cancer patients
Creators: name: Meng, Chunzhi
name: Li, Hongyi
name: Chen, Chen
name: Wu, Wei
name: Gao, Jing
name: Lai, Yining
name: Ka, Mila
name: Zhu, Min
name: Lv, Xiaoyi
name: Chen, Fangfang
name: Chen, Cheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: In recent years, liver cancer has caused great harm to human health. This study aims to use serum Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning algorithms to classify liver cancer patients and control groups. For improving the robustness of models, we added equal proportions of Gaussian white noise of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 dBW to enhance the data, and compared the results of convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks which show that the convolutional neural network combined with 10-fold data enhancement was better. The accuracy was 96.95%, indicating the great potential of this experimental model in liver cancer detection.
Data and Tool: Exploranative Code Quality Documents
Creators: name: Mumtaz, Haris
name: Latif, Shahid
name: Beck, Fabian
name: Weiskopf, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Code quality, interactive documents, natural language generation, sparklines

description: Supplemental Material This is a supplemental material to our paper "Exploranative Code Quality Documents" (see details below in Publication heading). It includes our web-application and the data from a user study. The contents of this directory are: - FormativeEvaluation_Iteration_I.pdf - FormativeEvaluation_Iteration_II.pdf - Code-Quality-Documents.zip How to run our tool? - Extract the contents of Code-Quality-Documents.zip and run the index.html by double clicking it. - Follow the instructions on the home page to explore through various examples. User Study Data We conducted a user study at two different points during the design and development of our web-application. The PDF files contain the data of these iterations of our user study. The data have been anonymized. Publication This work has been published in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. If you use our user study data or the tool in your work or build on top of it, please cite our paper as: H. Mumtaz, S. Latif, F. Beck, and D. Weiskopf. Exploranative Code Quality Documents. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 26(1), 2020 Copyright Our web-application and the user study data is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. See licenses for accompanying products⁠—data and source code of the analyzed projects⁠—in the "data" directory inside Code-Quality-Documents.zip. 
Modular invariance for conformal full field algebras
Creators: name: Huang, Yi-Zhi
name: Kong, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B69, 81T40

description: Let V^L and V^R be simple vertex operator algebras satisfying certain natural uniqueness-of-vacuum, complete reducibility and cofiniteness conditions and let F be a conformal full field algebra over the tensor product of V^L and V^R. We prove that the q_τ-\bar{q_τ}-traces (natural traces involving q_τ=e^{2πiτ} and \bar{q_τ}=\bar{e^{2πiτ}}) of geometrically modified genus-zero correlation functions for F are convergent in suitable regions and can be extended to doubly periodic functions with periods 1 and τ. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for these functions to be modular invariant. In the case that V^L=V^R and F is one of those constructed by the authors in \cite{HK}, we prove that all these functions are modular invariant.
description: 54 pages
Very different X-ray to optical column density ratios in gamma-ray burst afterglows: ionisation in GRB environments
Creators: name: Watson, D.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Jakobsson, P.
name: Foley, S.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the HI column densities from Ly-alpha absorption to the metal column densities from X-ray absorption in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. Eight bursts of seventeen entering the sample, have significant extragalactic X-ray absorptions. Of these we find a range in metallicities from sub-solar to a few hundred times the solar value. There is a complete lack of correlation between the X-ray and optical column densities. This, and the large range and extreme values of these 'metallicities', suggest that the column densities derived by one or both methods are not a reliable indication of the true total column densities towards GRBs. Ionisation of the GRB's gas cloud to large distances along the line of sight seems the most likely cause. From the lower limit on the total column density and the UV luminosity of the GRBs, we derive a maximum distance to the majority of the gas surrounding GRBs of ~3 pc, suggesting that the gas probed by optical afterglow spectra is not the cloud in which the burst occurs. This is an encouraging result for the use of GRB optical afterglows as probes of the interstellar medium (ISM) in their host galaxies, as the ISM observed is less likely to be strongly affected by the GRB or its progenitor.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL. Missing author added
The Fractional Quantum Hall States of Dirac Electrons in Graphene
Creators: name: Apalkov, Vadim M.
name: Chakraborty, Tapash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the fractional quantum Hall states for the Dirac electrons in a graphene layer in different Landau levels. The relativistic nature of the energy dispersion relation of the electrons in the graphene significantly modifies the inter-electron interactions. This results in a specific dependence of the ground state energy and the energy gaps for electrons on the Landau level index. For the valley-polarized states, i.e. at ν=1/m, m being an odd integer, the energy gaps have the largest values in the n=1 Landau level. For the valley-unpolarized states, e.g., for the 2/3 state, the energy gaps are suppressed for the n=1 Landau level as compared to the n=0 level. For both the n=1 and n=0 Landau levels the ground state of the 2/3 system is fully valley-unpolarized.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Effect of static and dynamic disorder on electronic transport of $RCo_2$ compounds: a study of $Ho(Al_xCo_{1-x})_2$ alloys
Creators: name: Burkov, A. T.
name: Bauer, E.
name: Gratz, E.
name: Resel, R.
name: Nakama, T.
name: Yagasaki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental results on thermoelectric power ({\em S}) and electrical resistivity ($ρ$) of pseudobinary alloys Ho(Al$_x$Co$_{1-x}$)$_2$ ($0 \leq x \leq 0.1 $), in the temperature range 4.2 K to 300 K. The work focuses on the effects of static (induced by alloying) and dynamic (induced by temperature) disorder on the magnetic state and electronic transport in a metallic system with itinerant metamagnetic instability. Spatial fluctuations of the local magnetic susceptibility in the alloys lead to a development of a partially ordered magnetic ground state of the itinerant 3d electron system. This results in a strong increase of the residual resistivity and a suppression of the temperature-dependent resistivity. Thermopower exhibits a complex temperature variation in both the magnetically ordered and in the paramagnetic state. This complex temperature variation is referred to the electronic density of states features in vicinity of Fermi energy and to the interplay of magnetic and impurity scattering. Our results indicate that the magnetic enhancement of the Co 3d-band in RCo$_{\rm 2}$--based alloys upon a substitution of Co by non-magnetic elements is mainly related to a progressive localization of the Co -- 3d electrons caused by disorder. We show that the magnitude of the resistivity jump at the Curie temperature for RCo$_{\rm 2}$ compounds exhibiting a first order phase transition is a non-monotonic function of the Curie temperature due to a saturation of the 3d--band spin fluctuation magnitude at high temperatures.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Force balance of particles trapped at fluid interfaces
Creators: name: Dominguez, Alvaro
name: Oettel, Martin
name: Dietrich, Siegfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effective forces acting between colloidal particles trapped at a fluid interface which itself is exposed to a pressure field. To this end we apply what we call the ``force approach'', which relies solely on the condition of mechanical equilibrium and turns to be in a certain sense less restrictive than the more frequently used ``energy approach'', which is based on the minimization of a free energy functional. The main goal is to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of the force approach as compared to the energy approach. First, we derive a general stress-tensor formulation of the forces at the interface and work out a useful analogy with 2D electrostatics in the particular case of small deformations of the interface relative to its flat configuration. We apply this analogy to compute the asymptotic decay of the effective force between particles trapped at a fluid interface, extending the validity of previous results. Second, we address the case of deformations of a non-flat interface. We compute the deformation of a spherical droplet due to the electric field of a charged particle trapped at its surface and conclude that the interparticle capillary force is unlikely to explain certain recent experimental observations. Finally we discuss the application to a generally curved interface and show as an illustrative example that a nonspherical particle deposited on an interface forming a minimal surface is pulled to regions of larger curvature.
description: 17 pages, 5 eps-figures. In this new version, the order of sections has been reshuffled and a new subsection has been added
Crystalline Order On Riemannian Manifolds With Variable Gaussian Curvature And Boundary
Creators: name: Giomi, Luca
name: Bowick, Mark J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the zero temperature structure of a crystalline monolayer constrained to lie on a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold with variable Gaussian curvature and boundary. A full analytical treatment is presented for the case of a paraboloid of revolution. Using the geometrical theory of topological defects in a continuum elastic background we find that the presence of a variable Gaussian curvature, combined with the additional constraint of a boundary, gives rise to a rich variety of phenomena beyond that known for spherical crystals. We also provide a numerical analysis of a system of classical particles interacting via a Coulomb potential on the surface of a paraboloid.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Probability Paths and the Structure of Predictions over Time
Creators: name: Lin, Zhiyuan Jerry
name: Sheng, Hao
name: Goel, Sharad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In settings ranging from weather forecasts to political prognostications to financial projections, probability estimates of future binary outcomes often evolve over time. For example, the estimated likelihood of rain on a specific day changes by the hour as new information becomes available. Given a collection of such probability paths, we introduce a Bayesian framework -- which we call the Gaussian latent information martingale, or GLIM -- for modeling the structure of dynamic predictions over time. Suppose, for example, that the likelihood of rain in a week is 50 %, and consider two hypothetical scenarios. In the first, one expects the forecast to be equally likely to become either 25 % or 75 % tomorrow; in the second, one expects the forecast to stay constant for the next several days. A time-sensitive decision-maker might select a course of action immediately in the latter scenario, but may postpone their decision in the former, knowing that new information is imminent. We model these trajectories by assuming predictions update according to a latent process of information flow, which is inferred from historical data. In contrast to general methods for time series analysis, this approach preserves important properties of probability paths such as the martingale structure and appropriate amount of volatility and better quantifies future uncertainties around probability paths. We show that GLIM outperforms three popular baseline methods, producing better estimated posterior probability path distributions measured by three different metrics. By elucidating the dynamic structure of predictions over time, we hope to help individuals make more informed choices.
Organic small molecule field-effect transistors with Cytop(TM) gate dielectric: eliminating gate bias stress effects
Creators: name: Kalb, Wolfgang L.
name: Mathis, Thomas
name: Haas, Simon
name: Stassen, Arno F.
name: Batlogg, Bertram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on organic field-effect transistors with unprecedented resistance against gate bias stress. The single crystal and thin-film transistors employ the organic gate dielectric Cytop(TM). This fluoropolymer is highly water repellent and shows a remarkable electrical breakdown strength. The single crystal transistors are consistently of very high electrical quality: near zero onset, very steep subthreshold swing (average: 1.3 nF V/(dec cm2)) and negligible current hysteresis. Furthermore, extended gate bias stress only leads to marginal changes in the transfer characteristics. It appears that there is no conceptual limitation for the stability of organic semiconductors in contrast to hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Appl. Phys. Lett
Kitap Tanıtımı: İSTANBUL ERMENİ PATRİKLİĞİ
Creators: name: MERVE TANRIKULU
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Ermeni Tarihi, İstanbul Ermeni Patrikliği

description: Türkiye’de Ermeni tarihi, kültürü, dini vb. konularında yapılan çalışmalar bu eser yazıldığında (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2002) bir elin parmağını geçmeyecek kadar azdı ve şimdi yine çok ve yeterli olduğunu söylemek mümkün değildir. Bilhassa Türk tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan, kültürleri ve birikimleriyle Türk tarihine ve etiğine katkılarıyla bu ülkenin insanları olan Ermeniler hakkında bilgi sahibi olunması elzemdir. Çünkü, Osmanlı döneminde “millet-i sadıka” diye isimlendirilen Ermeniler tarihi, dini, kültürü vb. yönleriyle hem akademik anlamda hem de tarihte ve bugün birlikte yaşadığımız bir halk olmaları sebebiyle anlaşılmaya ve araştırmaya değerdirler. Bu değere paralel olarak yazarın bu ve bundan sonraki çalışmaları (“Ermeni Kilise Merkezi Ecmiatzin” ve “Ermeni Kilisesi’nde Sakramentler” gibi) Ermeni dini ve kültürüyle alakalı çalışmaların eksikliğini bir nebze olsun gidermeye katkı sunmaktadır.
Threshold for a discrete-variable sensor of quantum reservoirs
Creators: name: Wu, Wei
name: Peng, Zhen
name: Bai, Si-Yuan
name: An, Jun-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum sensing employs quantum resources of a sensor to attain a smaller estimation error of physical quantities than the limit constrained by classical physics. To measure a quantum reservoir, which is significant in decoherence control, a nonunitary-encoding sensing scheme becomes necessary. However, previous studies showed that the reservoir-induced degradation to quantum resources of the sensor makes the errors divergent with the increase of encoding time. We here propose a scheme to use $N$ two-level systems as the sensor to measure a quantum reservoir. A threshold, above which the shot-noise-limited sensing error saturates or even persistently decreases with the encoding time, is uncovered. Our analysis reveals that it is due to the formation of a bound state of the total sensor-reservoir system. Solving the outstanding error-divergency problem in previous studies, our result supplies an insightful guideline in realizing a sensitive measurement of quantum reservoirs.
OpenBox: A Generalized Black-box Optimization Service
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Shen, Yu
name: Zhang, Wentao
name: Chen, Yuanwei
name: Jiang, Huaijun
name: Liu, Mingchao
name: Jiang, Jiawei
name: Gao, Jinyang
name: Wu, Wentao
name: Yang, Zhi
name: Zhang, Ce
name: Cui, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Black-box optimization (BBO) has a broad range of applications, including automatic machine learning, engineering, physics, and experimental design. However, it remains a challenge for users to apply BBO methods to their problems at hand with existing software packages, in terms of applicability, performance, and efficiency. In this paper, we build OpenBox, an open-source and general-purpose BBO service with improved usability. The modular design behind OpenBox also facilitates flexible abstraction and optimization of basic BBO components that are common in other existing systems. OpenBox is distributed, fault-tolerant, and scalable. To improve efficiency, OpenBox further utilizes "algorithm agnostic" parallelization and transfer learning. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of OpenBox compared to existing systems.
Evolving networks through deletion and duplication
Creators: name: Farid, Nadia
name: Christensen, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We introduce a minimalistic model based on dynamic node deletion and node duplication with heterodimerisation. The model is intended to capture the essential features of the evolution of protein interaction networks. We derive an exact two-step rate equation to describe the evolution of the degree distribution. We present results for the case of a fixed-size network. The results are based on the exact numerical solution to the rate equation which are consistent with Monte Carlo simulations of the model's dynamics. Power-law degree distributions with apparent exponents $<1$ were observed for generic parameter choices. However, a proper finite-size scaling analysis revealed that the actual critical exponent in such cases is equal to 1. We present a mean-field argument to determine the asymptotic value of the average degree, illustrating the existence of an attractive fixed point, and corroborate this result with numerical simulations of the first moment of the degree distribution as described by the two-step rate equation. Using the above results, we show that the apparent exponent is determined by the heterodimerisation probability. Our preliminary results are consistent with empirical data for a wide range of organisms, and we believe that through implementing some of the suggested modifications, the model could be well-suited to other types of biological and non-biological networks.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, to be published in New J. Phys. (2006)
The Cosmological Evolution of Self-interacting Dark Matter
Creators: name: Egana-Ugrinovic, Daniel
name: Essig, Rouven
name: Gift, Daniel
name: LoVerde, Marilena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of cosmological perturbations in dark-matter models with elastic and velocity-independent self interactions. Such interactions are imprinted in the matter-power spectrum as dark acoustic oscillations, which can be experimentally explored to determine the strength of the self scatterings. Models with self interactions have similarities to warm dark matter, as they lead to suppression of power on small scales when the dark-matter velocity dispersion is sizable. Nonetheless, both the physical origin and the extent of the suppression differ for self-interacting dark matter from conventional warm dark matter, with a dark sound horizon controlling the reduction of power in the former case, and a free-streaming length in the latter. We thoroughly analyze these differences by performing computations of the linear power spectrum using a newly developed Boltzmann code. We find that while current Lyman-$α$ data disfavor conventional warm dark matter with a mass less than 5.3 keV, when self interactions are included at their maximal value consistent with bounds from the Bullet Cluster, the limits are relaxed to 4.4 keV. Finally, we make use of our analysis to set novel bounds on light scalar singlet dark matter.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures, 5 appendices
The Reform party image: fact or fiction?
Creators: name: Francis, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper examines the nature of support for the Reform Party of Canada in the 1993 federal election. First, a general hypothesis of the typical Reform voter is established. This profile is based on an investigation of the party’s historical precedents, the political beliefs of the leader, policies and platforms, and the media portrayal of the Reform party. After establishing the Reform profile, the hypothesis is then compared with data from the 1993 National Election Study (NES). The NES data reflects a wide range of public sentiments, reporting the structure of opinion on many salient public issues. By using the crosstabulation procedure, the extent to which voting Reform is linked with particular sentiments is revealed. The result of this exercise is a confirmation of the Reform profile. Voting Reform was linked to economic liberalism: Reformers are likely to be concerned about the deficit and high taxation, favour freer trade flows, and are likely to cut rather than maintain social programs. Socially and morally, the data confirmed that Reformers are likely to maintain a traditional or conservative position. An exception to this forecast was that one’s position on abortion was irrelevant to voting Reform. As predicted, Reformers are more likely than not to be hostile toward differential treatment for ethnic minorities, and to want decreased levels of immigration. True to the Reform profile, voting Reform was linked to political alienation, but it was also linked to high levels of political interest. In a few areas, the data on demographic variables contradicted the Reform profile: voting Reform was not linked with church membership, nor with a belief in the importance of God. As well, older voters are not more likely to vote Reform, as projected. Overall, the NES data confirms the initial profile of the study and it is concluded that the Reform vote in the 1993 election substantiates the popular image of the party.
Fibre coupled dual-mode waveguide interferometer with $λ$/130 fringe spacing
Creators: name: Jenkins, Richard M.
name: Blockley, Andrew F.
name: Banerji, J.
name: Davies, Alan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predictions and measurements of a multimode waveguide interferometer operating in a fibre coupled, ``dual-mode'' regime are reported. With a 1.32 micrometer source, a complete switching cycle of the output beam is produced by a 10.0 nanometer incremental change in the 8.0 micrometer width of the hollow planar mirror waveguide. This equates to a fringe spacing of $\simλ/130$. This is an order of magnitude smaller than previously reported results for this form of interferometer.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
On the numerical overshoots of shock-capturing schemes
Creators: name: Zhang, Huaibao
name: Zhang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This note introduces a simple metric for benchmarking shock-capturing schemes. This metric is especially focused on the shock-capturing overshoots, which may undermine the robustness of numerical simulations, as well as the reliability of numerical results. The idea is to numerically solve the model linear advection equation with an initial condition of a square wave characterized with different wavenumbers. After one step of temporal evolution, the exact numerical overshoot error can be easily determined and shown as a function of the CFL number and the reduced wavenumber. With the overshoot error quantified by the present metric, a number of representative shock-capturing schemes are analyzed accordingly, and several findings including the amplitude of overshoots non-monotonously varying with the CFL number, and the amplitude of overshoots significantly depending on the reduced wavenumber of the square waves (discontinuities), are newly discovered, which are not before.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Confronting SO(10) GUTs with proton decay and gravitational waves
Creators: name: King, Stephen F.
name: Pascoli, Silvia
name: Turner, Jessica
name: Zhou, Ye-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grand Unified Theories (GUT) predict proton decay as well as the formation of cosmic strings which can generate gravitational waves. We determine which non-supersymmetric $SO(10)$ breaking chains provide gauge unification in addition to a gravitational signal from cosmic string decay. We calculate the GUT and intermediate scales for these $SO(10)$ breaking chains by solving the renormalisation group equations at the two-loop level. This analysis predicts the GUT scale, hence the proton lifetime, in addition to the scale of cosmic string generation and thus the associated gravitational wave signal. We determine which $SO(10)$ breaking chains survive in the event of the null results of the next generation of gravitational waves and proton decay searches and determine the correlations between proton decay and gravitational waves scales if these observables are measured.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables, discussions and refs added, published in JHEP
Disorder effects in topological insulator thin films
Creators: name: Huang, Yi
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin films of topological insulators (TI) attract large attention because of expected topological effects from the inter-surface hybridization of Dirac points. However, these effects may be depleted by unexpectedly large energy smearing $Γ$ of surface Dirac points by the random potential of abundant Coulomb impurities. We show that in a typical TI film with large dielectric constant $\sim 50$ sandwiched between two low dielectric constant layers, the Rytova-Chaplik-Entin-Keldysh modification of the Coulomb potential of a charge impurity allows a larger number of the film impurities to contribute to $Γ$. As a result, $Γ$ is large and independent of the TI film thickness $d$ for $d > 5$ nm. In thinner films $Γ$ grows with decreasing $d$ due to reduction of screening by the hybridization gap. We study the surface conductivity away from the neutrality point and at the neutrality point. In the latter case, we find the maximum TI film thickness at which the hybridization gap is still able to make a TI film insulating and allow observation of the quantum spin Hall effect, $d_{\max} \sim 7$ nm.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Guided jet waves
Creators: name: Augusto Santos Nogueira, Petronio
name: Cavalieri, A. V. G.
name: Martini, Eduardo
name: Towne, Aaron
name: Jordan, Peter
name: Edgington-Mitchell, Daniel
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401206
subject: Fluid-structure interaction and aeroacoustics
classificationCode: 401207
subject: Fundamental and theoretical fluid dynamics

description: This paper has recently been accepted in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics.Abstract: Guided jet waves have been shown to close resonance loops in a myriad of problems such as screech and impingement tones in jets. These discrete, upstream-traveling waves have long been identified in linear-stability models of jet flows, but in this work they are instead considered in the context of an acoustic-scattering problem. It is shown that the guided-jet mode results from total internal reflection and transmission of acoustic waves, arising from the shear layer behaving like a duct with some given wall impedance. After total reflection, only discrete streamwise wavenumbers may be supported by the flow, with these wavenumbers dictated by the fact that the standing wave formed inside of the jet must fit between the two shear layers. Close to the sonic line, the transmission of this mode to the outside is maximum, leading to a net-energy flux directed upstream, which dictates the direction of propagation of this mode, providing a clear connection to the better understood soft-duct mode (Towne et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol 825, 2017, pp. 1113-1152). The model also indicates that these waves are generated in the core of the flow and can only be efficiently transmitted to the quiescent region under certain conditions, providing an explanation as to why screech is only observed at conditions where the discrete mode is supported by the flow. The present results explain, for the first time, the nature and characteristics of the guided jet waves.
Simulated Quantum Computation of Molecular Energies
Creators: name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
name: Dutoi, Anthony D.
name: Love, Peter J.
name: Head-Gordon, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calculation time for the energy of atoms and molecules scales exponentially with system size on a classical computer but polynomially using quantum algorithms. We demonstrate that such algorithms can be applied to problems of chemical interest using modest numbers of quantum bits. Calculations of the water and lithium hydride molecular ground-state energies have been carried out on a quantum computer simulator using a recursive phase-estimation algorithm. The recursive algorithm reduces the number of quantum bits required for the readout register from about 20 to 4. Mappings of the molecular wave function to the quantum bits are described. An adiabatic method for the preparation of a good approximate ground-state wave function is described and demonstrated for a stretched hydrogen molecule. The number of quantum bits required scales linearly with the number of basis functions, and the number of gates required grows polynomially with the number of quantum bits.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Towards Robotic Laboratory Automation Plug & Play: The "LAPP" Framework
Creators: name: Wolf, Ádám
name: Wolton, David
name: Trapl, Josef
name: Janda, Julien
name: Romeder-Finger, Stefan
name: Gatternig, Thomas
name: Farcet, Jean-Baptiste
name: Galambos, Péter
name: Széll, Károly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Increasing the level of automation in pharmaceutical laboratories and production facilities plays a crucial role in delivering medicine to patients. However, the particular requirements of this field make it challenging to adapt cutting-edge technologies present in other industries. This article provides an overview of relevant approaches and how they can be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in development laboratories. Recent advancements include the application of flexible mobile manipulators capable of handling complex tasks. However, integrating devices from many different vendors into an end-to-end automation system is complicated due to the diversity of interfaces. Therefore, various approaches for standardization are considered in this article, and a concept is proposed for taking them a step further. This concept enables a mobile manipulator with a vision system to "learn" the pose of each device and - utilizing a barcode - fetch interface information from a universal cloud database. This information includes control and communication protocol definitions and a representation of robot actions needed to operate the device. In order to define the movements in relation to the device, devices have to feature - besides the barcode - a fiducial marker as standard. The concept will be elaborated following appropriate research activities in follow-up papers.
Cold black holes and conformal continuations
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Chernakova, M. S.
name: Fabris, J. C.
name: Pinto-Neto, N.
name: Rodrigues, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Einstein gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field in a static, spherically symmetric space-time in four dimensions. Black hole solutions are shown to exist for a phantom scalar field whose kinetic energy is negative. These ``scalar black holes'' have an infinite horizon area and zero Hawking temperature and are termed ``cold black holes'' (CBHs). The relevant explicit solutions are well-known in the massless case (the so-called anti-Fisher solution), and we have found a particular example of a CBH with a nonzero potential $V(ϕ)$. All CBHs with $V(ϕ) \not \equiv 0$ are shown to behave near the horizon quite similarly to those with a massless field. The above solutions can be converted by a conformal transformation to Jordan frames of a general class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity, but CBH horizons in one frame are in many cases converted to singularities in the other, which gives rise to a new type of conformal continuation.
description: 15 pages, latex
Regional planning in Victoria: is a revival possible?
Creators: name: Masterton, Graeme A. A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis studies the history of the Capital Regional District (C.R.D.), the regional authority for the twelve municipalities and two electoral areas called Greater Victoria on Vancouver Island, from the birth of regional planning in the 1950’s to stagnation in the 1980’s and 90’s. It seeks to understand what happened in the CRD and what lessons we can learn from Victoria that will add to the existing knowledge of regional planning. Was it the structure of the CRD, the enabling legislation, the process followed in creating official regional plans, local politics, or a combination of factors that prevented the CRD from fulfilling its promise? By understanding the CRD history we are able to identify problems and suggest changes that could begin the planning process once again. The CRD is studied through personal interviews, newspaper research, secondary sources, and a custom survey of politicians and planners, to determine the political and professional atmosphere surrounding the CRD over its entire history. Other examples of regional planning or, more specifically, urban-centred regional planning, are studied to set the CRD within the spectrum of types of regional authorities. From the beginning there has been little municipal support, either politically or professionally, for regional planning in the Capital Region. In addition there is the continuing lack of trained professional planning staff in many of the regional municipalities. Thus, the CRD’s calls for planning merely fall upon deaf ears. The final problem has been with the regional authorities themselves. The early CRPB planners may have demonstrated elitism since they were the only planners in the region and worked for what they thought was the ‘higher authority’. This apparent arrogance in pursuit of regional goals may have sown the seeds of the mistrust which the municipalities came to regard the regional planning efforts of the CRD. Municipal support withered and was weak in 1983 when the Province stripped Regional Districts of their regional planning powers; however, Saanich has demonstrated an increase in support for regional planning in recent years. However, the municipalities within the region still lack a proper forum and process to resolve regional land issues. Only the Province of BC can restore this through legislation.
A smooth bouncing cosmology with scale invariant spectrum
Creators: name: Creminelli, Paolo
name: Senatore, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a bouncing cosmology which evolves from the contracting to the expanding phase in a smooth way, without developing instabilities or pathologies and remaining in the regime of validity of 4d effective field theory. A nearly scale invariant spectrum of perturbations is generated during the contracting phase by an isocurvature scalar with a negative exponential potential and then converted to adiabatic. The model predicts a slightly blue spectrum, n_S >~ 1, no observable gravitational waves and a high (but model dependent) level of non-Gaussianities with local shape. The model represents an explicit and predictive alternative to inflation, although, at present, it is clearly less compelling.
description: 20 pages, 1 fig. v2: references added, JCAP published version
Free space optical communication receiver based on a spatial demultiplexer and a photonic integrated coherent combining circuit
Creators: name: Billault, Vincent
name: Bourderionnet, Jerome
name: Mazellier, Jean-Paul
name: Leviandier, Luc
name: Feneyrou, Patrick
name: Maho, Anaelle
name: Sotom, Michel
name: Normandin, Xavier
name: Lonjaret, Herve
name: Brignon, Arnaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atmospheric turbulences can generate scintillation or beam wandering phenomena that impairs free space optical (FSO) communication. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a proof-of-concept FSO communication receiver based on a spatial demultiplexer and a photonic integrated circuit coherent combiner. The system collects the light from several Hermite Gauss spatial modes and coherently combine on chip the energy from the different modes into a single output. The FSO receiver is characterized with a wavefront emulator bench that generates arbitrary phase and intensity patterns. The multimode receiver presents a strong resilience to wavefront distortions, compared to a monomode FSO receiver. The system is then used to detect a modulation of the optical beam through a random wavefront profile.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Multi-color balancing for correctly adjusting the intensity of target colors
Creators: name: Akazawa, Teruaki
name: Kinoshita, Yuma
name: Kiya, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel multi-color balance method for reducing color distortions caused by lighting effects. The proposed method allows us to adjust three target-colors chosen by a user in an input image so that each target color is the same as the corresponding destination (benchmark) one. In contrast, white balancing is a typical technique for reducing the color distortions, however, they cannot remove lighting effects on colors other than white. In an experiment, the proposed method is demonstrated to be able to remove lighting effects on selected three colors, and is compared with existing white balance adjustments.
description: \c{opyright} 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
A Geometric Structure of Acceleration and Its Role in Making Gradients Small Fast
Creators: name: Lee, Jongmin
name: Park, Chanwoo
name: Ryu, Ernest K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Since Nesterov's seminal 1983 work, many accelerated first-order optimization methods have been proposed, but their analyses lacks a common unifying structure. In this work, we identify a geometric structure satisfied by a wide range of first-order accelerated methods. Using this geometric insight, we present several novel generalizations of accelerated methods. Most interesting among them is a method that reduces the squared gradient norm with $\mathcal{O}(1/K^4)$ rate in the prox-grad setup, faster than the $\mathcal{O}(1/K^3)$ rates of Nesterov's FGM or Kim and Fessler's FPGM-m.
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT AQUATIC LAB (HEAL) CURE
Creators: name: Kneitel, Jamie
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2024

description: Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) provide students with genuine research experiences and associated skills in the classroom. This resource, the HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT AQUATIC LAB (HEAL) CURE is a semester-long project scaffolded with activities that build the skills associated with research. It is targeting an upper division level ecology course but can be adapted to different levels and courses. This CURE is scaffolded over a semester, which prepares students to conduct a project in aquatic or aquatic adjacent (e.g., riparian) habitat. The resources include timeline, proposal worksheet, talk directions and talk rubric.