cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Baryon chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Scherer, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an introduction to the power-counting issue in baryon chiral perturbation theory and discuss some recent developments in the manifestly Lorentz-invariant formulation of the one-nucleon sector. As explicit applications we consider the chiral expansion of the nucleon mass, its convergence properties, and calculations of the electromagnetic and axial form factors of the nucleon.
description: Invited plenary talk given at the 6th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, July 6-10, 2009, Bern, Switzerland
Extensional Collapse along the Sevier Desert Reflection, Northern Sevier Desert Basin, Western United States: Comment and Reply
Creators: name: Anders, Mark H.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Wills, Stewart
name: Coogan, James C.
name: DeCelles, Peter G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Remote sensing

description: Comment and reply on the Sevier Desert reflection debate. Comment abstract: Coogan and DeCelles (1996) provided a welcome addition to the debate on the Sevier Desert reflection. The evidence and arguments presented on the nature of this subsurface feature merit particular scrutiny, as they bear directly on a first order issue in tectonics: the mechanical paradox of low-angle normal faults. Field geologists have argued that in some cases such faults must have moved at dips of 20° or less; tectonophysicists maintain that such interpretations are inconsistent with our present knowledge of rock mechanics, and seismologists have yet to record a single earthquake that can be related unequivocally to slip on a low-angle normal fault. If, as Coogan and DeCelles (1996) and others have argued, the seismically imaged Sevier Desert reflection of west-central Utah is a rooted detachment fault with as much as 39 km of top-to-the-west slip, the seismic-reflection geometry effectively requires normal-sense slip on a surface dipping 11°. We believe, however, that geometry can also support alternative interpretations. Reply abstract: In their comparison of two seismic reflection profiles across the western margin of the Sevier Desert basin, Anders et al. fall victims to a classic pitfall of seismic interpretation—the misinterpretation of multiples as primary stratal reflections. Their error lies in ignoring the acquisition parameters of the two data sets and overlooking fundamental characteristics of long-path multiples. The industry profiles in their are published in Mitchell and McDonald (1987) for detailed inspection. We focus on two attributes of long-path multiples to document the error in Anders et al.’s analysis: the effects of fold on multiple identification and attenuation, and the periodicity of multiples.
title: Survival of Microorganisms on Meat Surfaces Treated with Ultra-High Temperatures
Creators: name: Mattinson, Bret Max
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: Sterile ceramic plates and the surface of beef steaks were inoculated with the pathogenic microorganisms Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Samples were also inoculated with nonpathogenic microorganisms Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 7955, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Concentrations of organisms in the pure culture used to inoculate the samples were selected within the range of 106 to 108 colony forming units/ml (CFU/ml). Samples were treated with ultra-high temperature (UHT), and· the surviving organisms were recovered and counted. Meat samples were exposed to 1100°C for 22 seconds.
Beef steaks inoculated with pathogenic microorganisms had low survival rates. The percent destruction ranged from 99.9 to 99.8. Sixteen percent of the spores from putrefactive anaerobe 3679 were destroyed. UHT was not found to be effective in destroying the spores of this organism. UHT destroyed 99.9 to 100 percent of the nonpathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas and Bacillus stearothermophilus, respectively, inoculated on the surface of beef steaks prior to treatment. UHT pasteurization technology proved to be an effective method of controlling vegetative pathogens and vegetative spoilage organisms on meat surfaces.
Melting during late-stage rifting in Afar is hot and deep
Creators: name: Ferguson, David J.
name: Maclennan, J.
name: Bastow, I. D.
name: Pyle, D. M.
name: Jones, S. M.
name: Keir, D.
name: Blundy, J. D.
name: Plank, Terry A.
name: Yirgu, G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Petrology
Continents
Geodynamics

description: Investigations of a variety of continental rifts and margins worldwide have revealed that a considerable volume of melt can intrude into the crust during continental breakup, modifying its composition and thermal structure. However, it is unclear whether the cause of voluminous melt production at volcanic rifts is primarily increased mantle temperature or plate thinning. Also disputed is the extent to which plate stretching or thinning is uniform or varies with depth with the entire continental lithospheric mantle potentially being removed before plate rupture. Here we show that the extensive magmatism during rifting along the southern Red Sea rift in Afar, a unique region of sub-aerial transition from continental to oceanic rifting, is driven by deep melting of hotter-than-normal asthenosphere. Petrogenetic modelling shows that melts are predominantly generated at depths greater than 80 kilometres, implying the existence of a thick upper thermo-mechanical boundary layer in a rift system approaching the point of plate rupture. Numerical modelling of rift development shows that when breakup occurs at the slow extension rates observed in Afar, the survival of a thick plate is an inevitable consequence of conductive cooling of the lithosphere, even when the underlying asthenosphere is hot. Sustained magmatic activity during rifting in Afar thus requires persistently high mantle temperatures, which would allow melting at high pressure beneath the thick plate. If extensive plate thinning does occur during breakup it must do so abruptly at a late stage, immediately before the formation of the new ocean basin.
Oceanographic variability in the South Pacific Convergence Zone region over the last 210 years from multi-site coral Sr/Ca records
Creators: name: Wu, Henry C.
name: Linsley, Braddock
name: Dassié, Emilie P.
name: Schiraldi, Benedetto
name: DeMenocal, Peter B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical oceanography
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: In the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the variability in a sub-seasonally resolved microatoll Porites colony Sr/Ca record from Tonga and a previously published high-resolution record from Fiji are strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) over the calibration period from 1981 to 2004 (R2 = 0.67–0.68). However, the Sr/Ca-derived SST correlation to instrumental SST decreases back in time. The lower frequency secular trend (~1°C) and decadal-scale (~2–3°C) modes in Sr/Ca-derived SST are almost two times larger than that observed in instrumental SST. The coral Sr/Ca records suggest that local effects on SST generate larger amplitude variability than gridded SST products indicate. Reconstructed δ ¹⁸O of seawater (δ ¹⁸Osw) at these sites correlate with instrumental sea surface salinity (SSS; r = 0.64–0.67) but not local precipitation (r = −0.10 to −0.22) demonstrating that the advection and mixing of different salinity water masses may be the predominant control on δ¹⁸Osw in this region. The Sr/Ca records indicate SST warming over the last 100 years and appears to be related to the expansion of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) including an increasing rate of expansion in the last ~20 years. The reconstructed δ¹⁸Osw over the last 100 years also shows surface water freshening across the SPCZ. The warming and freshening of the surface ocean in our study area suggests that the SPCZ has been shifting (expanding) southeast, possibly related to the southward shift and intensification of the South Pacific gyre over the last 50 years in response to strengthened westerly winds.
title: Fats and Iron in the Rat Colon: Effects on Lipid Peroxidation
Creators: name: Chin, Ji Jenny
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: Preliminary studies were undertaken to investigate whether or not added iron (0, 35, 880 ppm of iron as ferrous fumarate) and fat type (corn oil, beef tallow, or menhaden oil ) influenced the oxidation of the rat diet during storage . Iron level affected thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values only in the menhaden oil diets. Storage for 4 d did not affect TBA values of the diets . Neither food intake nor body weight of the rats was affected by the different diets, suggesting all diets were equally acceptable to rats.
The effects of iron supplementation and fat type on in vivo lipid peroxidation in rat colon were studied. Semi-synthetic diets were formulated to contain 15% (wt/wt) total fat, an amount comparable with human diets, as either 15% corn oil (C), 1% corn oil + 14% beef tallow (B), or 1% corn oil + 14% menhaden oil (M). Diets of each fat type were formuIated with ferrous fumarate to contain 35 ppm iron, a level sufficient to meet the requirement of the rats, or 880 ppm iron, a level similar to that found in iron-fortified breakfast cereals. During a 6-wk study, each of 6 groups of 10 male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats was fed one of the 6 diets (C35, C880, B35, B880, M35, M880). Lipid peroxidation products in the colon mucosa and in the feces were measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and other possible physiological changes were monitored by measuring body weight, and iron levels of the feces and colon mucosa, and by observing the histology of the colon. At the beginning of the trial, each group of rats had similar body weights and TBARS in the feces. After the feeding trial, groups of rats remained similar in body weight, and no histological changes were observed in the colon. However, rats fed the different dietary fats had different (p < 0.05) TBARS in the feces and colon mucosa (BThus, the type of dietary fat was a significant determinant of in vivo lipid peroxidation, independent of dietary iron level. Rats fed the high iron diets had higher TBARS in both the feces and colon mucosa. When compared by dietary fat type, rats fed high iron diets had higher TBARS in the mucosa only if they were also fed the menhaden oil diet. Thus, dietarv iron was a significant determinant of in vivo lipid peroxidation only in combination with menhaden oil. The long-term intake of iron-fortified foods with high menhaden oil may lead to significant increased in vivo lipid peroxidation.
Participation, autonomy, involvement : theory into practice
Creators: name: Leece, A
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The researcher proposes that Education can base its program for administration development on a critical sociology of educational administration, aimed at restructuring educational institutions so that they respond to the needs of all groups in society. This perspective required participation, autonomy and involvement from all those engaged in schools and in the processes of cultural development. The study considers the social change theory of Jurgen Habermas, the crisis in the Australian Capital Territory education system in the early 1970s and the new participative system of educational administration commenced in 1974. The study asks the question as to whether the operation of this new system exemplified the theory of Habermas. Had a fundamental change in the structure of the system, the development of shared control and the involvement in consensus decision making solved the crisis and had the change produced social betterment?
Ample divisors on moduli spaces of weighted pointed rational curves, with applications to log MMP for $\bar{M}_{0,n}$
Creators: name: Fedorchuk, Maksym
name: Smyth, David Ishii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H10, 14E30

description: We introduce a new technique for proving positivity of certain divisor classes on $\bar{M}_{0,n}$ and its weighted variants. Our methods give an unconditional description of the spaces of symmetric weighted pointed rational curves as log canonical models of $\bar{M}_{0,n}$.
Spatial and temporal variations in Greenland glacial-earthquake activity, 1993–2010
Creators: name: Veitch, Stephen Alexander
name: Nettles, Meredith K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Glaciology
Seismology
Glaciers
Earthquakes

description: Glacial earthquakes are anomalous earthquakes associated with large ice-loss events occurring at marine-terminating glaciers, primarily in Greenland. They are detectable teleseismically, and a proper understanding of the source mechanism may provide a remote-sensing tool to complement glaciological observations of these large outlet glaciers. We model teleseismic surface-wave waveforms to obtain locations and centroid–single-force source parameters for 121 glacial earthquakes occurring in Greenland during the period 2006–2010. We combine these results with those obtained by previous workers to analyze spatial and temporal trends in glacial-earthquake occurrence over the 18-year period from 1993–2010. We also examine earthquake occurrence at six individual glaciers, comparing the earthquake record to independently obtained observations of glacier change. Our findings confirm the inference that glacial-earthquake seismogenesis occurs through the capsize of large, newly calved icebergs. We find a close correspondence between episodes of glacier retreat, thinning, and acceleration and the timing of glacial earthquakes, and document the northward progression of glacial earthquakes on Greenland's west coast over the 18-year observing period. Our results also show that glacial earthquakes occur when the termini of the source glaciers are very close to the glacier grounding line, i.e., when the glaciers are grounded or nearly grounded.
PRI and the Mexican Student Movement of 1968 : a case study of repression.
Creators: name: Hernandez, Salvador
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This report is a study of the development of strategies of political conflict surrounding the Mexican Student Movement of 1968. It analyzes strategies of the students' organization of the National Strike Committee and the Government Party of Revolutionary Institutions (P.R.I.), in order to understand why violent repression was applied by the government to suppress the student group. The understanding of repression is undertaken in a review of the development of governmental structures and the history of conflict in Mexico beginning in 1910. In looking through the history of Mexico and examining the student movement, the report weaves together three theories: 1) the conflict of different political groups in history; 2) the development of a one-party system of government; and 3) the routinized use of repression in political conflict since the Mexican Revolution of 1910. In review of the historical development of the P.R.I., the study indicates that the early period in the 1930's contained an opportunity for a viable political democracy with a control and orderly conflict between interest group on the left and right. The push to a centralized government came from Cárdenas who was sympathetic to the needs of the peasants and workers and whose administration worked on their behalf. But following the leadership of Cárdenas, the presidential successors, Avila Camacho and Alemán, used the Central Party, and by strengthening its control, suppressed labor and peasant movements. It is at this time that the legacy of violence in policy matters is introduced — a strategy of repression in modern Mexican politics. Evidence on the composition of the P.R.I. points to a structure in which control of the government flows, from the top down in a unidirectional manner with little or no influence from the workers, peasants or small businessmen. Representation in the party does not bring with it the ability to participate in the decision making, nor does the populist ideology of the party mean that the masses are able to influence the leadership of the government. This being the case, the problem for the government becomes one of persuasion and control. A chronological account of the events of 1968 reveal that the strategy of the student movement, was that of calling for a public debate with the government in order to provide a means of restoring the influence of the masses of the people upon public officials, and the strategy of the government was to applied physical force through the police and the army in order to avoid a public debate and to quickly eliminate the student movement.
Περσικός Κόλπος: Κριτική Αξιολόγηση των Δορυφορικών Συστημάτων.
Creators: name: Kolovos, Alexandros
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 100508 Satellite Communications
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The crisis in the Persian Gulf, was a dynamic presentation of the possibilities arising from new technologies, which enabled the use of high precision weapons systems, and those that ensure faster dissemination of information and coordination of forces.
Among the new technologies presented there was the use of satellite systems. It was perhaps the first time that the general public became aware of the strategic and tactical contribution of satellite systems in the framework of military operations. Although satellite systems were used previously in Libya, Grenada and Panama, it was the first time that they affected the progress and outcome of the war.
More than 60 military and 20 commercial satellites were used during the time of crisis and war, and tens of applications of these systems applied to tanks, ships, planes and missiles. The Americans had all kinds of information on Iraq while they took care to deprive the latter, of the possibility of obtaining strategic and tactical information. As stated by the French Defence Minister Pierre Joxe, after the end of the Persian war: "That war was a great victory of the information and especially those derived from space assets".
At the same time the war revealed significant weaknesses, mainly in the fields of intelligence and communication. It is characteristic that on the basis of these lessons, many intelligence services attempt structural changes. This study focuses on satellite systems (military-commercial), used by the coalition forces, their positive contribution and the weaknesses that were identified.
This is one of the first globally critical assessments of the role the space systems played and the shortfalls observed on the Gulf Crisis and war in 1990-91
Global observation of vertical-CLVD earthquakes at active volcanoes
Creators: name: Shuler, Ashley Elizabeth
name: Nettles, Meredith K.
name: Ekström, Göran
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Seismology
subject: Volcanoes
subject: Earthquakes

description: Some of the largest and most anomalous volcanic earthquakes have non-double-couple focal mechanisms. Here, we investigate the link between volcanic unrest and the occurrence of non-double-couple earthquakes with dominant vertical tension or pressure axes, known as vertical compensated-linear-vector-dipole (vertical-CLVD) earthquakes. We determine focal mechanisms for 313 target earthquakes from the standard and surface wave catalogs of the Global Centroid Moment Tensor Project and identify 86 shallow 4.3 ≤ MW ≤ 5.8 vertical-CLVD earthquakes located near volcanoes that have erupted in the last ~100 years. The majority of vertical-CLVD earthquakes occur in subduction zones in association with basaltic-to-andesitic stratovolcanoes or submarine volcanoes, although vertical-CLVD earthquakes are also located in continental rifts and in regions of hot spot volcanism. Vertical-CLVD earthquakes are associated with many types of confirmed or suspected eruptive activity at nearby volcanoes, including volcanic earthquake swarms as well as effusive and explosive eruptions and caldera collapse. Approximately 70% of all vertical-CLVD earthquakes studied occur during episodes of documented volcanic unrest at a nearby volcano. Given that volcanic unrest is underreported, most shallow vertical-CLVD earthquakes near active volcanoes are likely related to magma migration or eruption processes. Vertical-CLVD earthquakes with dominant vertical pressure axes generally occur after volcanic eruptions, whereas vertical-CLVD earthquakes with dominant vertical tension axes generally occur before the start of volcanic unrest. The occurrence of these events may be useful for identifying volcanoes that have recently erupted and those that are likely to erupt in the future.
Review of Libraries, Immigrants, and the American Experience. by Plummer Alston Jones Jr.
Creators: name: Jordan, Alysse D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Library science
History

description: As any public or academic librarian with significant contact with the general public knows, the energy and commitment involved in the work that library and information specialists do is often intrinsically connected to the social welfare of the populations they serve. Even in its beginnings, the library profession in the United States concerned itself greatly with the ideals of educational opportunity, literacy, meeting needs, and connecting individuals and communities with resources, in essence providing an invaluable social service. Though the idea of librarian as social worker, advocate, and educator is not new, Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.’s Libraries, Immigrants, and the American Experience is perhaps the first volume to provide succinctly an historical context into which one might place the interactions among librarians, libraries, and early immigrant groups in the United States.
New Sequence Perspective on the Devonian Reef Complex and the Frasnian-Famennian Boundary, Canning Basin, Australia
Creators: name: Kennard, John M.
name: Southgate, Peter N.
name: Jackson, Michael J.
name: O'Brien, Phillip E.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Holmes, Ann E.
name: Sarg, J. F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Geomorphology
Submarine geology
Geology, Stratigraphic

description: The application of concepts of sequence stratigraphy to seismic and well data has led to a new understanding of the subsurface Devonian reef complex of the Canning Basin. It demonstrates marked reciprocal sedimentation with lowstand terrigenous sediments largely restricted to the basin and transgressive and highstand carbonate sediments on the platform. Preliminary outcrop studies indicate the potential of these concepts to modify significantly the existing lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic interpretations of this classic exhumed reef complex, including the stratigraphic context of the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in the Canning Basin.
The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. V. Measurement and Recalibration of Surface Brightness Fluctuations and a Precise Value of the Fornax--Virgo Relative Distance
Creators: name: Blakeslee, John P.
name: Jordan, Andres
name: Mei, Simona
name: Cote, Patrick
name: Ferrarese, Laura
name: Infante, Leopoldo
name: Peng, Eric W.
name: Tonry, John L.
name: West, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present g-z color and z-band surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) measurements for 43 early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster imaged with HST/ACS. These are combined with measurements for Virgo cluster galaxies to derive a revised, nonlinear calibration of the z-band SBF absolute magnitude as a function of g-z. In all, we tabulate recalibrated SBF distances for 134 galaxies in Virgo, Fornax, the Virgo W' group, and NGC4697 in the Virgo Southern Extension. The calibration procedure yields a precise relative distance modulus for Fornax with respect to Virgo of 0.42+/-0.03 mag, or a distance ratio 1.214 +/- 0.017. The resulting Fornax distance modulus is 31.51 +/-0.03 +/-0.15 mag, 20.0 +/-0.3 +/-1.4 Mpc, where the second set of error bars reflects systematic uncertainty from our assumed Virgo distance of 16.5 Mpc. The rms distance scatter for the early-type Fornax galaxies is 0.49^{+0.11}_{-0.15} Mpc, consistent with its compact appearance on the sky. This translates to a depth scatter smaller than the intrinsic, or "cosmic", scatter sigma_cosmic in the SBF calibration, unlike in Virgo. As a result, we are able to place the first tight constraints on the value of sigma_cosmic, finding 0.06 +/- 0.01 mag, with a firm upper limit of sigma_cosmic<0.08 mag, at least for galaxies with g-z>1.02. We also present an alternative SBF calibration based on the `fluctuation count' parameter Nbar, a proxy for galaxy mass, which gives a consistent relative distance. Finally, we find no evidence for systematic trends of the galaxy distances with position or velocity (e.g., no current infall); the Fornax cluster appears both compact and well virialized.[abridged]
description: 17 pages, emulateapj format, accepted, Astrophysical Journal, 20 March 2009, vol 694
title: Patterns of Singing by House Wrens with Respect to the Breeding Cycle
Creators: name: Tove, Michael H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: I recorded the songs and studied the reproductive behavior of a population of marked House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) to identify patterns of singing and correlate them with behavioral contexts and stages of the breeding cycle. I found that House Wren singing could be organized into three hierarchical regimes: routine patterns of daily singing, context-specific patterns of singing and long-term fluctuations in singing rate throughout the breeding cycle. During routine daily singing, predictable structural changes occurred. Songs were clustered in discrete groups called bouts. The songs within a bout were more similar in structure than songs from different bouts. Although I found no distinctive combination of notes associated with any particular context, three context-specific patterns of singing were identified. These included male:male, courtship and within-pair singing. Songs delivered in these contexts differed from songs sung in the absence of close listeners by virtue of increased length and complexity of the introductory portion of the song. Through playback experimentation, I found that introductory notes evoke a stronger response from listeners than other notes. These notes have rapid attenuation characteristics and transmit well only for short distances. Use of songs that emphasize these notes would be consistent with providing the appropriate "privacy" of communication between individuals in contexts where "public" broadcast may unnecessarily attract rivals.
Long-term fluctuations in singing rate correlated with the various stages of the breeding cycle in a predictable fashion. The highest rate of singing occurred during the establishment of a territory, following which singing rate declined through the end of the egg-laying period. During the late egg-laying period, many birds entered a brief silent period. In the incubation period, singing levels rose to moderate levels, then dropped off again after the young hatched. Over the course of the nesting cycle, the proportion of short songs increased.
I propose the "Neighborhood Watch Hypothesis" as a possible explanation of the evolutionary advantage of large, variable repertoires. This hypothesis asserts that the large repertoire and long-term pattern of singing by established residents facilitate their recognition and expulsion of intruders who pose a threat to eggs and young.
Studies on vegetation and insect predation of eucalypts in forest and woodland at Ridgeway, Tasmania
Creators: name: Marks, F
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Studies on vegetation and insect predation were conducted during the period 1982-84 at the Ridgeway Park Reserve, Tasmania. The vegetation of the area is eucalypt forest and woodland which varies in composition, dominance and structure. Soil type, topography, the level of grazing and incidence of fire also vary within the study area. The influence of soil type on moisture availability was investigated by comparing the vegetation on sites receiving the same incident solar radiation. The majority of species experience a shift in distribution over the three soil types such that with increasing radiation the species reach their peak frequency first on the brown earth, then on the podzolic soil and finally on the podsol. This pattern conformed to a model of moisture availability devised for the three soils. Species that did not conform to the model were either particularly vulnerable to the effects of grazing or fire, opportunists or restricted to one or other of the three soil types and hence a particular set of soil nutrient conditions. The effects of insect grazing on sapling eucalypts on north and south-facing slopes, which differed in geology, were assessed by monthly monitoring of insect damage and by deterring insects from grazing certain trees through the use of insecticide. On every tree percentage damage, and the amount of different types of damage, leaf loss, mean shoot length, the number of leaves per shoot and the percentage of damaged leaves, were measured on the current season's shoots. A limited sample of the same data was collected on leaves approximately one year old. Overall, there were few significant differences in the level of these variables between the different species and sites. Percentage damage figures were comparatively low (7-12%) and there was no significant difference between the species. However, damage was significantly higher in the most mesic, least fertile site. Percentage damage, and leaf and shoot loss were combined to derive a figure for the total damage to each species (29-41%). This was significantly higher in E. obliqua compared with the other species. The patterns of insect defoliation may have been considerably altered as a result of a drought experienced during the course of the study. Insect activities may effect forest community composition, but only as part of a web of inter-relationships whose effects vary, between the species, in space and time.
5-axis High Speed Milling Optimisation
Creators: name: Tournier, Christophe
name: Lavernhe, Sylvain
name: Lartigue, Claire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Manufacturing of free form parts relies on the calculation of a tool path based on a CAD model, on a machining strategy and on a given numerically controlled machine tool. In order to reach the best possible performances, it is necessary to take into account a maximum of constraints during tool path calculation. For this purpose, we have developed a surface representation of the tool paths to manage 5-axis High Speed Milling, which is the most complicated case. This model allows integrating early in the step of tool path computation the machine tool geometrical constraints (axis ranges, part holder orientation), kinematical constraints (speed and acceleration on the axes, singularities) as well as gouging issues between the tool and the part. The aim of the paper is to optimize the step of 5-axis HSM tool path calculation with a bi-parameter surface representation of the tool path. We propose an example of integration of the digital process for tool path computation, ensuring the required quality and maximum productivity
title: Use of a Self-Administered Food Frequency Questionnaire in a Population 65 Years and Older
Creators: name: Hoyt, Karri Lynn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1997

description: Little is known of the elderly's ability to use a food frequency questionnaire to describe their dietary intake. This study examines the elderly's ability to reliably describe their diets and how age, education, cognitive status, and gender may affect their ability to complete and return a food frequency questionnaire. The reproducibility of the questionnaire was tested by a repeated administration among 85 participants 65 years of age and older from the Preston, Idaho, area. Correlation coefficients between nutrient scores from the first and second administration ranged from 0.48-0.79 (total population), 0.44-0.88 (males), and 0.39-0.86 (females). Median values for the correlation coefficients were 0.60, 0.66, and 0.58 for total population, men, and women, respectively. Response rate and response quality were determined by distributing 4600 questionnaires to the residents of Cache County, Utah, who were 65 years or older. The overall response rate was 82.1%, 83.2% for men, and 81.3% for women.
Little difference was found between the age, education level, and cognitive status of respondents compared to nonrespondents. Response quality was defined by the number of missing values per questionnaire. Age had a positive relationship with missing values. The linear regression model had a p-value significant at the p2=0.035), males (r2=0.020), and females (r2=0.044). The years of education had a negative relationship with the number of missing values. The p-value was significant at the p2=0.010), males (r2=0.004), and females (r2=0.018). The relationship between cognitive status and missing values was inconsistent. The p-values were significant at the p
HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY AND BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Creators: name: Rakhimova, Feruza
name: Baxriddinova, O'g'ilxon
name: Jo'raboyeva, Saodat
name: Sharifova, Mahliyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The human brain is one of the most complex and unsolved riddles in the universe. About the human brain, almost all philosophers who lived before Christ wrote down their ideas about medicine and psychology, because they connected the source of spiritual forces with the human brain.
Decelerating relativistic two-component jets
Creators: name: Meliani, Z.
name: Keppens, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse stratification is a common intrinsic feature of astrophysical jets. There is growing evidence that jets in radio galaxies consist of a fast low density outflow at the jet axis, surrounded by a slower, denser, extended jet. The inner and outer jet components then have a different origin and launching mechanism, making their effective inertia, magnetization, associated energy flux and angular momentum content different as well. Their interface will develop differential rotation, where disruptions may occur. We here investigate the stability of rotating, two-component relativistic outflows typical for jets in radio galaxies. For this purpose, we parametrically explore the long term evolution of a transverse cross-section of radially stratified jets numerically With grid-adaptive relativistic MHD simulations, augmented with approximate linear stability analysis. We study the influence of dynamically important poloidal magnetic fields, with varying contributions of the inner component jet to the total kinetic energy flux of the jet, on their non-linear azimuthal stability. We demonstrate that two-component jets with high kinetic energy flux, and an inner jet effective inertia which is higher than the outer jet effective inertia are subject to the development of a relativistically enhanced, rotation-induced Rayleigh-Taylor type instability. This instability plays a major role in decelerating the inner jet and the overall jet decollimation. This novel deceleration scenario can partly explain the radio source dichotomy, relating it directly to the efficiency of the central engine in launching the inner jet component. The FRII/FRI transition could then occur when the relative kinetic energy flux of the inner to the outer jet grows beyond a certain treshold.
description: 18 pages, ApJ accepted
Zonal Momentum Balance in the Tropical Atmospheric Circulation during the Global Monsoon Mature Months
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Yang, Wenchang
name: Cane, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Climatic changes

description: In this paper, zonal momentum balances of the tropical atmospheric circulation during the global monsoon mature months (January and July) are analyzed in three dimensions based on the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). It is found that the dominant terms in the balance of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in both months are the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and friction. The nonlinear advection term plays a significant role only in the Asian summer monsoon regions within the ABL. In the upper troposphere, the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and the nonlinear advection are the dominant terms. The transient eddy force and the residual force (which can be explained as convective momentum transfer over open oceans) are secondary, yet cannot be neglected near the equator. Zonal-mean equatorial upper-troposphere easterlies are maintained by the absolute angular momentum advection associated with the cross-equatorial Hadley circulation. Equatorial upper-troposphere easterlies over the Asian monsoon regions are also controlled by the absolute angular momentum advection but are mainly maintained by the pressure gradient force in January. The equivalent linear Rayleigh friction, which is widely applied in simple tropical models, is calculated and the corresponding spatial distribution of the local coefficient and damping time scale are estimated from the linear regression. It is found that the linear momentum model is in general capable of crudely describing the tropical atmospheric circulation dynamics, yet the caveat should be kept in mind that the friction coefficient is not uniformly distributed and is even negative in some regions.
Mid-Infrared Photometry of Cold Brown Dwarfs: Diversity in Age, Mass and Metallicity
Creators: name: Leggett, S. K.
name: Burningham, Ben
name: Saumon, D.
name: Marley, M. S.
name: Warren, S. J.
name: Smart, R. L.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Lucas, P. W.
name: Pinfield, D. J.
name: Tamura, Motohide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Spitzer IRAC photometry of twelve very late-type T dwarfs; nine have [3.6], [4.5], [5.8] and [8.0] photometry and three have [3.6] and [4.5] photometry only. We investigate trends with type and color for the planning and interpretation of surveys for the coldest T or Y dwarfs. Brown dwarfs with effective temperature (T_eff) below 700K emit more than half their flux at wavelengths beyond 3um, and the ratio of the mid-infrared flux to the near-infrared flux becomes very sensitive to T_eff. The color H-[4.5] is a good indicator of T_eff with a relatively weak dependence on metallicity and gravity. Conversely, the colors H-K and [4.5]-[5.8] are sensitive to metallicity and gravity. Thus near- and mid-infrared photometry provide useful indicators of the fundamental properties of brown dwarfs, and if temperature and gravity are known, then mass and age can be determined from evolutionary models. There are twelve dwarfs known with H-[4.5]>3.0, and 500< T_eff K < 800, which we examine in detail. The ages of these dwarfs range from very young (0.1-1.0 Gyr) to relatively old (3-12 Gyr). The mass range is possibly as low as 5 Jupiter masses to up to 70 Jupiter masses. The metallicities also span a large range, from [m/H] -0.3 to [m/H] +0.3. The small number of T8-T9 dwarfs found in the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey to date appear to be mostly young low-mass dwarfs. Extensions to the mid-infrared space missions warm-Spitzer and WISE are desirable in order to obtain the vital mid-infrared data for cold brown dwarfs, and to discover more of these rare objects. (Abridged.)
description: 38 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal January 4th 2010. A copy of the on-line only data compilation table is now available at http://www.gemini.edu/staff/sleggett
Models for planning : a critical review with implications for planning in education
Creators: name: Mannering, SJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study presents planning as an integral component of all administrative activities. It provides a range of planning definitions which forms the basis for discussion of the planning process and other key administrative activities. The study is based on the view that models are powerful tools in the administrative process; it presents a range of models which have application in the process of planning and considers their utility in the context of education. Efforts to improve planning within the Tasmanian Education Department are described, with specific attention given to the recent adoption of corporate planning. Corporate planning is described at - both Departmental and School level and progress in the implementation process is assessed. Finally the study undertakes a critical appraisal of planning in the Tasmanian Education Department and makes recommendations for the successful implementation of corporate planning, on the basis of the principles of Ackoff's interactive model.
title: Relative Absorption of Iron and Magnesium from Sulfate Salts, Amino Acid Chelates Complexed and/or Mixed with Vegetables, and Taste-Free Supplements
Creators: name: Bowden, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1997

description: Common methods for determining mineral absorption by the body are invasive and frequently utilize radioisotopes. In experiment one. rats were given a dose of radiolabeled ferrous sulfate. Relative absorption was estimated by changes in serum iron and by appearance of the radiotracer in the serum. There were no differences in relative absorption determined by the methods, although the low overall absorptions by the iron-replete rats may have decreased the sensitivity.
In experiments two and three. iron and magnesium supplements were given orally to 12 women age 19-25. Each subject received iron and magnesium supplements once each week for 5 weeks. Blood samples were taken via venous catheter every 30 minutes for 2 hours and 30 minutes following dosing, and a urine sample was taken following the collection time period. Samples were analyzed for serum iron, serum magnesium, hematocrit, ferritin, urinary magnesium, and urinary creatinine. The increase in serum iron was evaluated from both the peak increase in serum iron and from the integrated increase in serum iron over the blood collection time. The data for each supplement were compared by analysis of variance. For the iron supplements. the taste-free iron supplement increased serum iron less than either the Ferrochel or the ferrous sulfate supplements. When the iron absorption was then compared to ferritin stores (low, medium, and high), the relative absorption of Ferrochel was higher in the low ferritin range (0-15 ng/ml) than in the upper ranges (P=.00l for peak and P=.0002 for area). Relative absorption from Ferrochel iron was also higher than the other supplements for subjects with low ferritin stores.
Neither serum nor urinary magnesium values differed significantly among the three compounds examined. Serum magnesium values are stable in healthy individuals, and the urinary magnesium data were not evaluated over 24 h as in typical magnesium load tests.
In summary, both the ferrous sulfate and Ferrochel supplements were absorbed more efficiently than the taste-free iron supplement. The Ferrochel was also absorbed more efficiently in individuals with low iron stores, demonstrating better regulation by the body than with the other supplements examined.
Slip complexity in a crustal plane model of an earthquake fault
Creators: name: Myers, Christopher H.
name: Shaw, Bruce E.
name: Langer, James S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Plate tectonics
Geomorphology

description: We study numerically the behavior of a two-dimensional elastic plate (a crustal plane) that terminates along one of its edges at a fault boundary. Slip-weakening friction at the boundary, inertial dynamics in the bulk, and uniform slow loading via elastic coupling to a substrate combine to produce a complex, deterministically chaotic sequence of slipping events. We observe a power-law distribution of small events and an excess of large events. For the small events, the moments scale with rupture length in a manner that is consistent with seismological observations. For the large events, rupture occurs in the form of narrow propagating pulses.
Quasiparticles for quantum dot array in graphene and the associated Magnetoplasmons
Creators: name: Berman, Oleg L.
name: Gumbs, Godfrey
name: Echenique, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the low-frequency magnetoplasmon excitation spectrum for a square array of quantum dots on a two-dimensional (2D) graphene layer. The confining potential is linear in the distance from the center of the quantum dot. The electron eigenstates in a magnetic field and confining potential are mapped onto a 2D plane of electron-hole pairs in an effective magnetic field without any confinement. The tight-binding model for the array of quantum dots leads to a wavefunction with inter-dot mixing of the quantum numbers associated with an isolated quantum dot. For chosen confinement, magnetic field, wave vector and frequency, we plot the dispersion equation as a function of the period $d$ of the lattice. We obtain those values of $d$ which yield collective plasma excitations. For the allowed transitions between the valence and conduction bands in our calculations, we obtain plasmons when $d \lesssim 100 Å$.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Charge mobility determination by current extraction under linear increasing voltages: the case of non-equilibrium charges and field-dependent mobilities
Creators: name: Bange, Sebastian
name: Schubert, Marcel
name: Neher, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of current extraction under linear increasing voltages (CELIV) allows for the simultaneous determination of charge mobilities and charge densities directly in thin films as used in organic photovoltaic cells (OPV). In the past, it has been specifically applied to investigate the interrelation of microstructure and charge transport properties in such systems. Numerical and analytical calculations presented in this work show that the evaluation of CELIV transients with the commonly used analysis scheme is error prone once charge recombination and, possibly, field dependent charge mobilities are taken into account. The most important effects are an apparent time-dependence of charge mobilities and errors in the determined field dependencies. Our results implicate that reports on time-dependent mobility relaxation in OPV materials obtained by the CELIV technique should be carefully revisited and confirmed by other measurement methods.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures