cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Transient States of Antiferromagnetic Orderings in La${}_{1/3}$Sr${}_{2/3}$FeO${}_{3}$ and SrFeO${}_{3}$ Thin Films Observed through Time-resolved Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Kohei
name: Tsuyama, Tomoyuki
name: Ito, Suguru
name: Takubo, Kou
name: Matsuda, Iwao
name: Pontius, Niko
name: Schüßler-Langeheine, Christian
name: Minohara, Makoto
name: Kumigashira, Hiroshi
name: Yamasaki, Yuichi
name: Nakao, Hironori
name: Murakami, Youichi
name: Katase, Takayoshi
name: Kamiya, Toshio
name: Wadati, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between the magnetic interaction and photoinduced dynamics in antiferromagnetic perovskites is investigated in this study. In La${}_{1/3}$Sr${}_{2/3}$FeO${}_{3}$ thin films, commensurate spin ordering is accompanied by charge disproportionation, whereas SrFeO${}_{3}$ thin films show incommensurate helical antiferromagnetic spin ordering due to increased ferromagnetic coupling compared to La${}_{1/3}$Sr${}_{2/3}$FeO${}_{3}$. To understand the photoinduced spin dynamics in these materials, we investigate the spin ordering through time-resolved resonant soft X-ray scattering. In La${}_{1/3}$Sr${}_{2/3}$FeO${}_{3}$, ultrafast quenching of the magnetic ordering within 130 fs through a nonthermal process is observed, triggered by charge transfer between the Fe atoms. We compare this to the photoinduced dynamics of the helical magnetic ordering of SrFeO${}_{3}$. We find that the change in the magnetic coupling through optically induced charge transfer can offer an even more efficient channel for spin-order manipulation.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A/eIF2α-ATF4 pathway triggers autophagy response to Crohn disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli infection
Creators: name: Bretin, Alexis
name: Carrière, Jessica
name: Dalmasso, Guillaume
name: Bergougnoux, Agnès
name: B'chir, Wafa
name: Anne-Catherine Maurin
name: Müller, Stefan
name: Seibold, Frank
name: Barnich, Nicolas
name: Bruhat, Alain
name: Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
name: Nguyen, Hang Thi Thu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The intestinal mucosa of Crohn disease (CD) patients is abnormally colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC). Upon AIEC infection, autophagy is induced in host cells to restrain bacterial intracellular replication. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A/eIF2α-ATF4 pathway in the autophagic response to AIEC infection. We showed that infection of human intestinal epithelial T84 cells with the AIEC reference strain LF82 activated the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway, as evidenced by increased phospho-EIF2AK4, phospho-EIF2A and ATF4 levels. EIF2AK4 depletion inhibited autophagy activation in response to LF82 infection, leading to increased LF82 intracellular replication and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, EIF2AK4 depletion suppressed the LF82-induced ATF4 binding to promoters of several autophagy genes including MAP1LC3B, BECN1, SQSTM1, ATG3 and ATG7, and this subsequently inhibited transcription of these genes. LF82 infection of wild-type (WT), but not eif2ak4−/−, mice activated the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway, inducing autophagy gene transcription and autophagy response in enterocytes. Consequently, eif2ak4−/− mice exhibited increased intestinal colonization by LF82 bacteria and aggravated inflammation compared to WT mice. Activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway was observed in ileal biopsies from patients with noninflamed CD, and this was suppressed in inflamed CD, suggesting that a defect in the activation of this pathway could be one of the mechanisms contributing to active disease. In conclusion, we show that activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway upon AIEC infection serves as a host defense mechanism to induce functional autophagy to control AIEC intracellular replication.
A new view of the solar interface region from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)
Creators: name: De Pontieu, B.
name: Polito, V.
name: Hansteen, V.
name: Testa, P.
name: Reeves, K. K.
name: Antolin, P.
name: Nobrega-Siverio, D.
name: Kowalski, A.
name: Martinez-Sykora, J.
name: Carlsson, M.
name: McIntosh, S. W.
name: Liu, W.
name: Daw, A.
name: Kankelborg, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) has been obtaining near- and far-ultraviolet images and spectra of the solar atmosphere since July 2013. The unique combination of near and far-ultraviolet spectra and images at subarcsecond resolution and high cadence allows the tracing of mass and energy through the critical interface between the solar surface and the corona or solar wind. IRIS has enabled research into the fundamental physical processes thought to play a role in the low solar atmosphere such as ion-neutral interactions, magnetic reconnection, the generation, propagation, and dissipation of various types of waves, the acceleration of non-thermal particles, and various small-scale instabilities. These new findings have helped provide novel insights into a wide range of phenomena including the discovery of non-thermal particles in coronal nanoflares, the formation and impact of spicules and other jets, resonant absorption and dissipation of Alfvenic waves, energy release associated with braiding of magnetic field lines, the thermal instability in the chromosphere-corona mass and energy cycle, the contribution of waves, turbulence, and non-thermal particles in the energy deposition during flares and smaller-scale events such as UV bursts, and the role of flux ropes and other mechanisms in triggering CMEs. IRIS observations have also advanced studies of the connections between solar and stellar physics. Advances in numerical modeling, inversion codes, and machine learning techniques have played a key role in driving these new insights. With the advent of exciting new instrumentation both on the ground (e.g., DKIST, ALMA) and space-based (e.g., Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter), we aim to review new insights based on IRIS observations or related modeling, and highlight some of the outstanding challenges that have been brought to the fore.
description: 105 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
A long-term chronology of Pinus pinea L. from "Parco della Versiliana" (Forte dei Marmi, Italy) derived from the tree-falling induced by the windstorm on March 4th-5th, 2015
Creators: name: Baroni, Carlo
name: Brunetti, Michele
name: Cerrato, Riccardo
name: Coppola, Anna
name: Salvatore, Maria Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Italian stone pine
Tyrrhenian coast
Dendrochronology
Mediterranean pinewoods
Climate–growth relationships
Cultural heritage

description: The poster was presented at the TRACE conference of 2019 held in San Leucio-Caserta, Italy.
Stability of stereognosis after pediatric repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and constraint-induced movement therapy clinical trial
Creators: name: Rich, Tonya
name: Cassidy, Jessica
name: Menk, Jeremiah
name: Heest, Ann Van
name: Krach, Linda
name: Carey, James
name: Gillick, Bernadette T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: Poor sensibility affecting stereognosis, the ability to discriminate objects without visual input, can potentiate disuse of the paretic limb following stroke. The purpose of this study was to examine potential change in stereognosis after intervention. Methods: Stereognosis testing in a secondary subgroup of 10 children with hemiparesis and baseline stereognosis deficits (ages 11–16) after a 13-day clinical trial of real or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is reported. All children received 10 h of CIMT while wearing a cast full-time. Results: Post-trial, 80% of participants from both intervention groups demonstrated improvement in stereognosis (95% CI: 44.4%–97.5%). Pre-trial to long-term follow-up (range: 21–57 months), 60% retained gains or improved (95% CI: 26.2%–87.8%). Between-group differences were not detected. Discussion: Children demonstrated stereognosis change following intervention. Research on this change and potential minimal clinically important differences are indicated.
A Comparative Study of Luminosity Functions and Event Rate Densities of Long GRBs with Non-parametric Method
Creators: name: Dong, X. F.
name: Li, X. J.
name: Zhang, Z. B.
name: Zhang, X. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.1
subject: 62L10, 62G09, 62E10

description: In this work, we restudy the dependence of luminosity function and event rates for different gamma-ray burst samples on the criteria of sample selection and threshold effect. To compare with many previous studies, we have chosen two samples including 88 and 118 long bursts with known redshift and peak flux over 2.6 ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, from which 79 bursts are picked out to constitute our complete sample. It is found that the evolution of luminosity with redshift can be expressed by $L\propto(1+z)^k$ with a diverse $k$ relied more on the sample selection. Interestingly, the cumulative distributions of either non-evolving luminosities or redshifts are found to be also determined by the sample selection rather than the instrumental sensitivity. Nevertheless, the non-evolving luminosities of our samples are similarly distributed with a comparable break luminosity of $L_0\sim10^{51}$ erg s$^{-1}$. Importantly, we verify with a K-S test that three cases of event rates for the two burst samples evolve with redshift similarly except a small discrepancy due to sampling differences at low-redshift of $z<1$, in which all event rates show an excess of Gaussian profile instead of monotonous decline no matter whether the sample is complete. Most importantly, it is found that the burst rates violate the star formation rate at low redshift, while both of them are good in agreement with each other in the higher-redshift regions as many authors discovered previously. Therefore, we predict that two types of long bursts are favored in terms of their associations with both the star formation and the cosmic metallicity.
description: 12 pages, 1 table and 7 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Time-dependent dysregulation of autophagy: implications in aging and mitochondrial homeostasis in the kidney proximal tubule
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Takeshi
name: Yoshitsugu Takabatake
name: Kimura, Tomonori
name: Takahashi, Atsushi
name: Namba, Tomoko
name: Matsuda, Jun
name: Minami, Satoshi
name: Jun-Ya Kaimori
name: Matsui, Isao
name: Kitamura, Harumi
name: Matsusaka, Taiji
name: Niimura, Fumio
name: Yanagita, Motoko
name: Isaka, Yoshitaka
name: Rakugi, Hiromi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Autophagy plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis through the quality control of proteins and organelles. Although a time-dependent decline in autophagic activity is believed to be involved in the aging process, the issue remains controversial. We previously demonstrated that autophagy maintains proximal tubular cell homeostasis and protects against kidney injury. Here, we extend that study and examine how autophagy is involved in kidney aging. Unexpectedly, the basal autophagic activity was higher in the aged kidney than that in young kidney; short-term cessation of autophagy in tamoxifen-inducible proximal tubule-specific autophagy-deficient mice increased the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62- and ubiquitin-positive aggregates in the aged kidney. By contrast, autophagic flux in response to metabolic stress was blunted with aging, as demonstrated by the observation that transgenic mice expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B fusion construct, showed a drastic increase of GFP-positive puncta in response to starvation in young mice compared to a slight increase observed in aged mice. Finally, proximal tubule-specific autophagy-deficient mice at 24 months of age exhibited a significant deterioration in kidney function and fibrosis concomitant with mitochondrial dysfunction as well as mitochondrial DNA abnormalities and nuclear DNA damage, all of which are hallmark characteristics of cellular senescence. These results suggest that age-dependent high basal autophagy plays a crucial role in counteracting kidney aging through mitochondrial quality control. Furthermore, a reduced capacity for upregulation of autophagic flux in response to metabolic stress may be associated with age-related kidney diseases.
Proton Resonance Shift Thermometry: A review of modern clinical practices
Creators: name: Blackwell, J.
name: Krasny, M. J.
name: O'Brien, A.
name: Ashkan, K.
name: Galligan, J.
name: Destrade, M.
name: Colgan, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a popular modality in guiding minimally invasive thermal therapies, due to its advanced, non-ionizing, imaging capabilities and its ability to record changes in temperature. A variety of MR thermometry techniques have been developed over the years, and Proton Resonance Frequency (PRF) Shift Thermometry is the current clinical gold standard to treat a variety of cancers. It is used extensively to guide hyperthermic thermal ablation techniques such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT). Essential attributes of PRF Shift Thermometry include excellent linearity with temperature, good sensitivity, and independence from tissue type. This non-invasive temperature mapping method gives accurate quantitative measures of the temperature evolution inside biological tissues. In this review, the current status and new developments in the fields of MR-guided HIFU and LITT are presented with an emphasis on breast, prostate, bone, uterine and brain treatments.
Topological Green function of interacting systems
Creators: name: Tran, Minh-Tien
name: Nguyen, Duong-Bo
name: Nguyen, Hong-Son
name: Tran, Thanh-Mai Thi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a Green function, which can identify the topological nature of interacting systems. It is equivalent to the single-particle Green function of effective non-interacting particles, the Bloch Hamiltonian of which is given by the inverse of the full Green function of the original interacting particles at zero frequency. The topological nature of the interacting insulators is originated from the coincidence of the poles and the zeros of the diagonal elements of the constructed Green function. The cross of the zeros in the momentum space closely relates to the topological nature of insulators. As a demonstration, using the zero's cross, we identify the topological phases of magnetic insulators, where both the ionic potential and the spin exchange between conduction electrons and magnetic moments are present together with the spin-orbital coupling. The topological phase identification is consistent with the topological invariant of the magnetic insulators. We also found an antiferromagnetic state with topologically breaking of the spin symmetry, where electrons with one spin orientation are in topological insulating state, while electrons with the opposite spin orientation are in topologically trivial one.
description: updated reference and corrected figures
Sexual Dimorphism in Activation of Placental Autophagy in Obese Women with Evidence for Fetal Programming from a Placenta-Specific Mouse Model
Creators: name: Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan
name: Xiaoli Gao
name: Weintraub, Susan
name: Myatt, Leslie
name: Maloyan, Alina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The incidence of maternal obesity and its co-morbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease) continues to increase at an alarming rate, with major public health implications. In utero exposure to maternal obesity has been associated with development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the offspring as a result of developmental programming. The placenta regulates maternal-fetal metabolism and shows significant changes in its function with maternal obesity. Autophagy is a cell survival process, which is responsible for the degradation of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. Here we show an activation of autophagosomal formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion in placentas of males but not females from overweight (OW) and obese (OB) women vs. normal weight (NW) women. However, total autophagic activity in these placentas appeared to be decreased as it showed an increase in SQSTM1/p62 and a decrease in lysosomal biogenesis. A mouse model with a targeted deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg7 in placental tissue showed significant placental abnormalities comparable to those seen in human placenta with maternal obesity. These included a decrease in expression of mitochondrial genes and antioxidants, and decreased lysosomal biogenesis. Strikingly, the knockout mice were developmentally programmed as they showed an increased sensitivity to high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased adiposity, and cardiac remodeling. In summary, our results indicate a sexual dimorphism in placental autophagy in response to maternal obesity. We also show that autophagy plays an important role in placental function and that inhibition of placental autophagy programs the offspring to obesity, and to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
Experimental test of the majorization uncertainty relation with mixed states
Creators: name: Wang, Shuang
name: Meng, Fang-Xia
name: Wang, Hui
name: Qiao, Cong-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The uncertainty relation lies at the heart of quantum theory and behaves as a non-classical constraint on the indeterminacies of incompatible observables in a system. In the literature, many experiments have been devoted to the test of the uncertainty relations which mainly focus on the pure states. In this work we test the novel majorization uncertainty relations of three incompatible observables using a series of mixed states with adjustable mixing degrees, and compare the compactness of various entropy uncertainty relations. The experimental results confirm that for general mixed quantum system, the majorization uncertainty relation tends to be the tightest constraint on uncertainty, and indicate that the entropy uncertainty relation obtained from the majorzation uncertainty relation is the optimal one. Our experimental setup provides an easy means for preparing mixed states, and based on this simple optical elements can be utilized to realize the required quantum states.
description: 19 pages,5 figures
Rational approximations to two irrational numbers
Creators: name: Shulga, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For real $ξ$ we consider the irrationality measure function $ψ_ξ(t) = \min_{1\leqslant q \leqslant t, q\in\mathbb{Z}} || qξ||$, where $||\cdot||$ - distance to the nearest integer. We prove that in the case $α\pmβ\notin\mathbb{Z}$ there exist arbitrary large values of $t$ with $$\Bigl | \frac{1}{ψ_α(t)} - \frac{1}{ψ_β(t)} \Bigl | \geqslant \sqrt5\left(1-\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2}}\right)t.$$ The constant on the right-hand side is optimal.
description: 11 pages
The EOS/Resolution Conspiracy: Convergence in Proto-Planetary Collision Simulations
Creators: name: Meier, Thomas
name: Reinhardt, Christian
name: Stadel, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the choice of equation of state (EOS) and resolution conspire to affect the outcomes of giant impact (GI) simulations. We focus on the simple case of equal mass collisions of two Earth-like $0.5\,M_\oplus$ proto-planets showing that the choice of EOS has a profound impact on the outcome of such collisions as well as on the numerical convergence with resolution. In simulations where the Tillotson EOS is used, impacts generate an excess amount of vapour due to the lack of a thermodynamically consistent treatment of phase transitions and mixtures. In oblique collisions this enhances the artificial angular momentum (AM) transport from the planet to the circum-planetary disc reducing the planet's rotation period over time. Even at a resolution of $1.3 \times 10^6$ particles the result is not converged. In head-on collisions the lack of a proper treatment of the solid/liquid-vapour phase transition allows the bound material to expand to very low densities which in turn results in very slow numerical convergence of the critical specific impact energy for catastrophic disruption $Q_{RD}^*$ with increasing resolution as reported in prior work. The simulations where ANEOS is used for oblique impacts are already converged at a modest resolution of $10^5$ particles, while head-on collisions converge when they evidence the post-shock formation of a dense iron-rich ring, which promotes gravitational re-accumulation of material. Once sufficient resolution is reached to resolve the liquid-vapour phase transition of iron in the ANEOS case, and this ring is resolved, the value of $Q_{RD}^*$ has then converged.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Flavor Specific $U(1)_{B_q-L_μ}$ Gauge Model for Muon $g-2$ and $b \to s \bar μμ$ Anomalies
Creators: name: Cen, Jian-Yong
name: Cheng, Yu
name: He, Xiao-Gang
name: Sun, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The muon $(g-2)_μ$ and $b\to s \bar μμ$ induced $B$ anomalies as hints of new physics beyond the standard model (SM) have attracted much attention. These two anomalies indicate that there may exist new interaction specifically related to muon. A lot of theoretical ideas have been proposed to explain these anomalies. Gauged flavor specific $U(1)_{B_q-L_μ}$ is among the promising ones. The new gauge boson $Z'$ from $U(1)_{B_q-L_μ}$ interacts with muon and provides necessary ingredient to solve the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly. The $Z'$-quark coupling can generate flavor changing interactions after diagonalization of quark mass matrix between weak eigen-state and mass eigen-state basis. We revisit challenges for such models attempting to explain the $(g-2)_μ$ and $B$ anomalies separately or simultaneously. We find although for $U(1)_{B_q-L_μ}$ models there is still parameter space to provide solutions for separately explaining the $(g-2)_μ$ and $B$ anomalies, there exists no parameter space for such models to solve both the anomalies simultaneously, after taking into account existing constraints from $τ\to μγ$, $τ\to 3 μ$, neutrino trident and $B_s - \bar B_s$ data. Among them leptonic processes restrict $Z^\prime$ mass to be less than a few hundred MeV if required to solve the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly, which causes conflict between data from $B_s - \bar B_s$, $D^0 - \bar D^0$ mixing and also hadron decays with $Z^\prime$ in the final states. The effects of $U(1)_Y$ and $U(1)_{B_q-L_μ}$ kinetic mixing on these anomalies are also studied. We find that neither can these effects do much to bring the two anomalies together to be solved simultaneously.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures. The conclusion does not change. To be appear on NPB
The generalised Mooney space for modelling the response of rubber-like materials
Creators: name: Anssari-Benam, Afshin
name: Bucchi, Andrea
name: Destrade, Michel
name: Saccomandi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft materials such as rubbers, silicones, gels and biological tissues have a nonlinear response to large deformations, a phenomenon which in principle can be captured by hyperelastic models. The suitability of a candidate hyperelastic strain energy function is then determined by comparing its predicted response to the data gleaned from tests and adjusting the material parameters to get a good fit, an exercise which can be deceptive because of nonlinearity. Here we propose to generalise the approach of Rivlin and Saunders [Phil Trans A 243 (1951) 251-288] who, instead of reporting the data as stress against stretch, manipulated these measures to create the 'Mooney plot', where the Mooney-Rivlin model is expected to produce a linear fit. We show that extending this idea to other models and modes of deformation (tension, shear, torsion, etc.) is advantageous, not only (a) for the fitting procedure, but also to (b) delineate trends in the deformation which are not obvious from the raw data (and may be interpreted in terms of micro-, meso-, and macro-structures) and (c) obtain a bounded condition number \k{appa} over the whole range of deformation; a robustness which is lacking in other plots and spaces.
Emergence of many-body quantum chaos via spontaneous breaking of unitarity
Creators: name: Liao, Yunxiang
name: Galitski, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is suggested that many-body quantum chaos appears as the spontaneous symmetry breaking of unitarity in interacting quantum many-body systems. It has been shown that many-body level statistics, probed by the spectral form factor (SFF) defined as $K(η,t)=\langle|{\rm Tr}\, \exp(-ηH + itH)|^2\rangle$, is dominated by a diffuson-type mode in a field theory analysis. The key finding of this Letter is that the "unitary" $η=0$ case is different from the $η\to 0^{\pm}$ limit, with the latter leading to a finite mass of these modes due to interactions. This mass suppresses a rapid exponential ramp in the SFF, which is responsible for the fast emergence of Poisson statistics in the non-interacting case, and gives rise to a non-trivial random matrix structure of many-body levels. The interaction-induced mass in the SFF shares similarities with the dephasing rate in the theory of weak localization and the Lyapunov exponent of the out-of-time-ordered correlators.
description: 7+26 pages, 2+2 figures
Multiple regression techniques for modeling dates of first performances of Shakespeare-era plays
Creators: name: Moscato, Pablo
name: Craig, Hugh
name: Egan, Gabriel
name: Haque, Mohammad Nazmul
name: Huang, Kevin
name: Sloan, Julia
name: de Oliveira, Jon Corrales
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The date of the first performance of a play of Shakespeare's time must usually be guessed with reference to multiple indirect external sources, or to some aspect of the content or style of the play. Identifying these dates is important to literary history and to accounts of developing authorial styles, such as Shakespeare's. In this study, we took a set of Shakespeare-era plays (181 plays from the period 1585--1610), added the best-guess dates for them from a standard reference work as metadata, and calculated a set of probabilities of individual words in these samples. We applied 11 regression methods to predict the dates of the plays at an 80/20 training/test split. We withdrew one play at a time, used the best-guess date metadata with the probabilities and weightings to infer its date, and thus built a model of date-probabilities interaction. We introduced a memetic algorithm-based Continued Fraction Regression (CFR) which delivered models using a small number of variables, leading to an interpretable model and reduced dimensionality. An in-depth analysis of the most commonly occurring 20 words in the CFR models in 100 independent runs helps explain the trends in linguistic and stylistic terms. The analysis with the subset of words revealed an interesting correlation of signature words with the Shakespeare-era play's genre.
description: Submitted to Expert Systems with Applications
N,O-ditosylethanolamine as effective reagent for the synthesis of heterocyclic tertiary amine salts
Creators: name: Cherepakhin, Valeriy S.
name: Zaitsev, Kirill V.
name: Churakov, Andrei V.
name: Oprunenko, Yuri F.
name: Zaitseva, Galina S.
name: Karlov, Sergey S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: During the synthesis of N-tosylaziridine, two unexpected products were isolated: 1-(2-(p-tolylsulfonamido)ethyl)pyridinium p-tolylsulfonate (3) and N,N,O-tri-(p-tolylsulfonyl)ethanolamine (3a). The structures of 3 and 3a were investigated in solid state by X-ray analysis. A new family of related salts was obtained using an efficient and facile one-pot synthesis consisting in the interaction between various nitrogen heterocycles and N,O-ditosylethanolamine.
A Two-Level Fourth-Order Approach For Time-Fractional Convection-Diffusion-Reaction Equation With Variable Coefficients
Creators: name: Ngondiep, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M12, 65M06

description: This paper develops a two-level fourth-order scheme for solving time-fractional convection-diffusion-reaction equation with variable coefficients subjected to suitable initial and boundary conditions. The basis properties of the new approach are investigated and both stability and error estimates of the proposed numerical scheme are deeply analyzed in the $L^{\infty}(0,T;L^{2})$-norm. The theory indicates that the method is unconditionally stable with convergence of order $O(k^{2-\fracλ{2}}+h^{4})$, where $k$ and $h$ are time step and mesh size, respectively, and $λ\in(0,1)$. This result suggests that the two-level fourth-order technique is more efficient than a large class of numerical techniques widely studied in the literature for the considered problem. Some numerical evidences are provided to verify the unconditional stability and convergence rate of the proposed algorithm.
description: 37 pages, 4 tables, 16 figures
The theory of hereditarily bounded sets
Creators: name: Jeřábek, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 03F40 (Primary) 03C62 03C10 (Secondary)

description: We show that for any $k\inω$, the structure $(H_k,\in)$ of sets that are hereditarily of size at most $k$ is decidable. We provide a transparent complete axiomatization of its theory, a quantifier elimination result, and tight bounds on its computational complexity. This stands in stark contrast to the structure $V_ω=\bigcup_k H_k$ of hereditarily finite sets, which is well known to be bi-interpretable with the standard model of arithmetic $(\mathbb N,+,\cdot)$.
description: 20 pages
Recent advances in rigorous computation of Poincaré maps
Creators: name: Kapela, Tomasz
name: Wilczak, Daniel
name: Zgliczyński, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65G20, 37C27

description: In this article we present recent advances on interval methods for rigorous computation of Poincaré maps. We also discuss the impact of choice of Poincaré section and coordinate system on obtained bounds for computing Poincaré map nearby fixed points.
description: 26 pages, 6 tables, 6 figures
Asymmetric compressive learning guarantees with applications to quantized sketches
Creators: name: Schellekens, Vincent
name: Jacques, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The compressive learning framework reduces the computational cost of training on large-scale datasets. In a sketching phase, the data is first compressed to a lightweight sketch vector, obtained by mapping the data samples through a well-chosen feature map, and averaging those contributions. In a learning phase, the desired model parameters are then extracted from this sketch by solving an optimization problem, which also involves a feature map. When the feature map is identical during the sketching and learning phases, formal statistical guarantees (excess risk bounds) have been proven. However, the desirable properties of the feature map are different during sketching and learning (e.g. quantized outputs, and differentiability, respectively). We thus study the relaxation where this map is allowed to be different for each phase. First, we prove that the existing guarantees carry over to this asymmetric scheme, up to a controlled error term, provided some Limited Projected Distortion (LPD) property holds. We then instantiate this framework to the setting of quantized sketches, by proving that the LPD indeed holds for binary sketch contributions. Finally, we further validate the approach with numerical simulations, including a large-scale application in audio event classification.
Improving the doping efficiency of Al in 4H-SiC by co-doping group-IVB elements
Creators: name: Huang, Yuanchao
name: Wang, Rong
name: Qian, Yixiao
name: Zhang, Yiqiang
name: Yang, Deren
name: Pi, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The p-type doping efficiency of 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) is rather low due to the large ionization energies of p-type dopants. Such an issue impedes the exploration of the full advantage of 4H-SiC for semiconductor devices. In this letter, we show that co-doping group-IVB elements effectively decreases the ionization energy of the most widely used p-type dopant, i. e., aluminum (Al), through the Coulomb repulsion between the energy levels of group-IVB elements and that of Al in 4H-SiC. Among group-IVB elements Ti has the most prominent effectiveness. Ti decreases the ionization energy of Al by nearly 50%, leading to a value as low as ~ 0.13 eV. As a result, the ionization rate of Al with Ti co-doping is up to ~ 5 times larger than that without co-doping at room temperature when the doping concentration is up to 1018 cm-3. This work may encourage the experimental co-doping of group-IB elements such as Ti and Al to significantly improve the p-type doping efficiency of 4H-SiC.
Where Outflows Meet Inflows: Gas Kinematics in SSA22 Lyman-$α$ Blob 2 Decoded by Advanced Radiative Transfer Modelling
Creators: name: Li, Zhihui
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Gronke, Max
name: Chen, Yuguang
name: Matsuda, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new spectroscopic observations of Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) Blob 2 ($z \sim$ 3.1). We observed extended Ly$α$ emission in three distinct regions, where the highest Ly$α$ surface brightness (SB) center is far away from the known continuum sources. We searched through the MOSFIRE slits that cover the high Ly$α$ SB regions, but were unable to detect any significant nebular emission near the highest SB center. We further mapped the flux ratio of the blue peak to the red peak and found it is anti-correlated with Ly$α$ SB with a power-law index of $\sim$ -0.4. We used radiative transfer models with both multiphase, clumpy and shell geometries and successfully reproduced the diverse Ly$α$ morphologies. We found that most spectra suggest outflow-dominated kinematics, while 4/15 spectra imply inflows. A significant correlation exists between parameter pairs, and the multiphase, clumpy model may alleviate previously reported discrepancies. We also modeled Ly$α$ spectra at different positions simultaneously and found that the variation of the inferred clump outflow velocities can be approximately explained by line-of-sight projection effects. Our results support the `central powering + scattering' scenario, i.e. the Ly$α$ photons are generated by a central powering source and then scatter with outflowing, multiphase HI gas while propagating outwards. The infalling of cool gas near the blob outskirts shapes the observed blue-dominated Ly$α$ profiles, but its energy contribution to the total Ly$α$ luminosity is less than 10%, i.e. minor compared to the photo-ionization by star-forming galaxies and/or AGNs.
description: v1: 13 pages, 6 figures + Appendix. Submitted to MNRAS. v2: accepted version with moderate revision
Neutron-proton pairing in the N=Z radioactive fp-shell nuclei 56Ni and 52Fe probed by pair transfer
Creators: name: Crom, B. Le
name: Assié, M.
name: Blumenfeld, Y.
name: Guillot, J.
name: Sagawa, H.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Honma, M.
name: Achouri, N. L.
name: Bastin, B.
name: Borcea, R.
name: Catford, W. N.
name: Clement, E.
name: Caceres, L.
name: Caamano, M.
name: Corsi, A.
name: De France, G.
name: Delaunay, F.
name: De Séréville, N.
name: Fernandez-Dominguez, B.
name: Fisichella, M.
name: Franchoo, S.
name: Georgiadou, A.
name: Gibelin, J.
name: Gillibert, A.
name: Hammache, F.
name: Kamalou, O.
name: Knapton, A.
name: Lapoux, V.
name: Leblond, S.
name: Macchiavelli, A. O.
name: Marques, F. M.
name: Matta, A.
name: Menager, L.
name: Morfouace, P.
name: Orr, N. A.
name: Pancin, J.
name: Pereira-Lopez, X.
name: Perrot, L.
name: Piot, J.
name: Pollacco, E.
name: Ramos, D.
name: Roger, T.
name: Rotaru, F.
name: Sanchez-Benitez, A. M.
name: Sénoville, M.
name: Sorlin, O.
name: Stanoiu, M.
name: Stefan, I.
name: Stodel, C.
name: Suzuki, D.
name: Thomas, J-C
name: Vandebrouck, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isovector and isoscalar components of neutron-proton pairing are investigated in the N=Z unstable nuclei of the \textit{fp}-shell through the two-nucleon transfer reaction (p,$^3$He) in inverse kinematics. The combination of particle and gamma-ray detection with radioactive beams of $^{56}$Ni and $^{52}$Fe, produced by fragmentation at the GANIL/LISE facility, made it possible to carry out this study for the first time in a closed and an open-shell nucleus in the \textit{fp}-shell. The transfer cross-sections for ground-state to ground-state (J=0$^+$,T=1) and to the first (J=1$^+$,T=0) state were extracted for both cases together with the transfer cross-section ratios $σ$(0$^+$,T=1) /$σ$(1$^+$,T=0). They are compared with second-order distorted-wave born approximation (DWBA) calculations. The enhancement of the ground-state to ground-state pair transfer cross-section close to mid-shell, in $^{52}$Fe, points towards a superfluid phase in the isovector channel. For the "deuteron-like" transfer, very low cross-sections to the first (J=1$^+$,T=0) state were observed both for \Ni\phe\, and \Fe\phe\, and are related to a strong hindrance of this channel due to spin-orbit effect. No evidence for an isoscalar deuteron-like condensate is observed.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Quantum speedup for track reconstruction in particle accelerators
Creators: name: Magano, Duarte
name: Kumar, Akshat
name: Kālis, Mārtiņš
name: Locāns, Andris
name: Glos, Adam
name: Pratapsi, Sagar
name: Quinta, Gonçalo
name: Dimitrijevs, Maksims
name: Rivošs, Aleksander
name: Bargassa, Pedrame
name: Seixas, João
name: Ambainis, Andris
name: Omar, Yasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the fundamental nature of matter and its interactions, particles are accelerated to very high energies and collided inside detectors, producing a multitude of other particles that are scattered in all directions. As charged particles traverse the detector, they leave signals of their passage. The problem of track reconstruction is to recover the original trajectories from these signals. This challenging data analysis task will become even more demanding as the luminosity of future accelerators increases, leading to collision events with a more complex structure. We identify four fundamental routines present in every local tracking method and analyse how they scale in the context of a standard tracking algorithm. We show that for some of these routines we can reach a lower computational complexity with quantum search algorithms. Although the found quantum speedups are mild, this constitutes, to the best of our knowledge, the first rigorous evidence of a quantum advantage for a high-energy physics data processing task.
description: See our talk about the paper at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fJe_5kMUCU&t=1s. Version 2 contains slight generalization to local track reconstruction algorithms. Version 3 includes an appendix comparing our approach with previous works
Defects, modular differential equations, and free field realization of N = 4 VOAs
Creators: name: Pan, Yiwen
name: Wang, Yufan
name: Zheng, Haocong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For all 4d $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM theories with simple gauge groups $G$, we show that the residues of the integrands in the $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Schur indices, which are related to Gukov-Witten type surface defects in the theories, equal the vacuum characters of rank$G$ copies of $bc βγ$ systems that provide the free field realization of associated $\mathcal{N} = 4$ VOAs. This result predicts that these residues, as module characters, are additional solutions to the flavored modular differential equations satisfied by the original Schur index. The prediction is verified in the $G = SU(2)$ case, where an additional logarithmic solution is constructed.
Kinetics of a phase transition for a Kerr-AdS black hole on the free-energy landscape
Creators: name: Yang, Si-Jiang
name: Zhou, Run
name: Wei, Shao-Wen
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By treating the order parameter as a stochastic thermal fluctuating variable for small-large black hole phase transition, we investigate the kinetic process of phase transition for the Kerr-AdS (anti-de Sitter) black holes on free energy landscape. We find that the extremal points of the off shell Gibbs free energy correspond to physical black holes. For small-large black hole phase transition, the off shell Gibbs free energy exhibits a double well behavior with the same depth. Contrary to previous research for the kinetics of phase transition for the Kerr-Newman-AdS family black holes on a free energy landscape, we find that there is a lower bound for the order parameter and the lower bound corresponds to extremal black holes. In particular, the off shell Gibbs free energy is zero instead of divergent as previous work suggested for vanishing black hole horizon radius, which corresponds to the Gibbs free energy of a thermal AdS space. The investigation for the evolution of the probability distribution for the phase transition indicates that the initial stable small (large) black hole tends to switch to stable large (small) black hole. Increasing the temperature along the coexistence curve, the switching process becomes faster and the probability distribution reaches the final stationary Boltzmann distribution at a shorter time. The distribution of the first passage time indicates the time scale of the small-large black hole phase transition, and the peak of the distribution becomes sharper and shifts to the left with the increase of temperature along the coexistence curve. This suggests that a considerable first passage process occurs at a shorter time for higher temperature. The investigation of the kinetics of phase transition might provide us new insight into the underlying microscopic interactions.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, published version
Quadrature by Parity Asymptotic eXpansions (QPAX) for scattering by high aspect ratio particles
Creators: name: Carvalho, Camille
name: Kim, Arnold D.
name: Lewis, Lori
name: Moitier, Zoïs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A60, 65D30, 65R20

description: We study scattering by a high aspect ratio particle using boundary integral equation methods. This problem has important applications in nanophotonics problems, including sensing and plasmonic imaging. To illustrate the effect of parity and the need for adapted methods in presence of high aspect ratio particles, we consider the scattering in two dimensions by a sound-hard, high aspect ratio ellipse. This fundamental problem highlights the main challenge and provide valuable insights to tackle plasmonic problems and general high aspect ratio particles. For this problem, we find that the boundary integral operator is nearly singular due to the collapsing geometry from an ellipse to a line segment. We show that this nearly singular behavior leads to qualitatively different asymptotic behaviors for solutions with different parities. Without explicitly taking this nearly singular behavior and this parity into account, computed solutions incur a large error. To address these challenges, we introduce a new method called Quadrature by Parity Asymptotic eXpansions (QPAX) that effectively and efficiently addresses these issues. We first develop QPAX to solve the Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation in a high aspect ratio ellipse. Then, we extend QPAX for scattering by a sound-hard, high aspect ratio ellipse. We demonstrate the effectiveness of QPAX through several numerical examples.