Novel quantitative push gravity/field theory poised for verification
Creators: name: Danilatos, Gerasimos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: push gravity
quantum gravity
gravitational law
gravitational constant
Allais effect
equivalence principle
white dwarf
neutron star
black hole
relativity
graviton
fluctuation theorem
theory of everything
Maxwell's demon
quantum field theory
gravitational anomalies
flyby anomaly
Pioneer anomaly
Oumuamua
inertial mass
gravitational mass
gravitoid
contraction factor
Newtonian mechanics
classical physics
gravity assist
solar system
Jupiter density
matter
rest mass
relativistic mass
galaxies
dark matter
dark energy
expanding universe
perpetual motion
cosmology
astrophysics
Schwarzschild
Event horizon
Higgs field
Lorentz contraction
self-similarity
intrinsic mass
invariant mass
electron radius
black mass
proton
neutrino
gravion
push electricity
white hole
unification field theory
electrion
somion
charge conservation
cosmological constant
electrical mass
Fatio
electron charge
Le Sage
gravitation
vortex atom
kinetic mass
superposition principle
WIMP
WISP
field theory
Planck's law
gravion model
Big Bang
expansion of universe
photon divisibility
field unification

description: [Note: The edits of this version_21 are typed in purple color font]

Abstract:  New work provides compelling evidence for a genuine re-appraisal of an old way to explain gravity, which has been sidelined in the periphery of science for a long time. A novel quantitative push gravity theory has been advanced on the basis of a set of primary principles (postulates), from which the derivation of classical acceleration and force by stationary massive bodies in the steady state is possible. In contrast to prior conceptions, it is shown that the absorption of gravity particles by matter need not be extremely weak and linear, in order to derive and explain the observed classical laws of gravity. Any value of the absorption coefficient by a uniform spherical mass produces a gravitational field obeying the inverse square of distance law. The gravitational constant (big G), is itself a function of the ratio of the absorption coefficient over the density of matter. The latter ratio (mass attenuation coefficient) now becomes the new universal gravitational constant of the cosmos, whilst G can vary in different locations of the universe; it remains invariable inside material bodies. The measured mass of planets and stars is only an effective or apparent mass actually smaller than the real mass due to a self-shadowing or shielding effect of the absorption of gravitational particles. Any given mass appears quantitatively different depending on its spatial distribution. We now find that Newton's gravitational law uses only the apparent (or effective) masses with a potentially variable G, but the inverse square distance relationship is locally preserved in the cosmos. The radiant flux of energetic particles being uniform over a region of space creates a maximum acceleration of gravity for all material bodies in that region, so that any further mass accretion over a certain upper limit does not create additional acceleration; this limit is reached when practically all gravitational particles are absorbed (saturation state) by the massive body above a saturation mass. The latter limit should be measurable, for which some tentative situations and experiments are proposed for prospective experiments and tests. The internal field of a spherical mass and the external field of a two layered sphere have been derived. The superposition principle of gravity fields has been reformulated and the Allais effect explained and calculated. The equivalence principle can now be properly understood and explained in a way that the principle per se becomes redundant under the theory being self-consistent. Matter, inertia and mass can be properly defined and understood. For moving bodies, the established relationships from special and general relativity may continue to operate within the gravitational fields created by push particles, but may need to be adapted and re-aligned within the greater framework of push gravity principles operating at any distance. These advances constitute the main part of this report purported to become a valid mathematical formulation for a basic physical interpretation or embodiment of gravity poised for verification. An attempt is made to overcome the main remaining objection of presumed catastrophic thermal accretion of absorbed particles. A further attempt is made also for the push-gravity principles to explain the vastly higher intensity gravitational fields of white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. It is proposed that the field of white dwarf stars is created also by push particles but of a different kind, namely, by those responsible for mediating the electric field. In the same way, the field of neutron stars is created by yet a third kind of push particles, namely, those responsible for mediating the nuclear field. The effective mass attenuation coefficient is variable around those massive bodies. In general, push particles may exist with different energy (or mass) having different mean free paths as they traverse different concentrations of masses like black holes, neutron stars, dwarfs, stars, planets, ordinary masses, atoms, nuclei, protons and all the known or unknown sub-nuclear particles. The invariable principle of momentum transfer (push) by particles directly relating to their absorption rate by the various concentrations (density) of masses could be the basis and the starting principle for a prospective unification theory of everything. Further work seems to explain a common underlying mechanism manifesting itself as effective mass and force, both of which are caused by the rate of push particles absorption. Intrinsic effective mass of lone bodies and variable effective mass of interacting bodies are liaised with a force always obeying the inverse square distance law. The general constitutional equations of push gravity are now provided. The electron radius can be found by this theory. A push electricity theory is initiated providing the general framework for a unification of gravitational and electric fields. Action, reaction, mass accretion during acceleration and mass dependence on velocity are investigated for a rocket system and for falling spheres system. Vortex fluid mechanics is introduced for improved electron/positron modeling. The speed of falling bodies is investigated. The relationships between internal versus external properties are established. The Python codes used for computations of results have now been published. The mass-energy equivalence equation has been derived from the principles of this theory. Verification means by gravimeter measurements have been provided. The gravion is connected with the Planck constant. Force fields are created by gravion formations (groups) acting as push particles. Field unification is effectively achieved, or has become visibly achievable. The Big Bang and the expansion of the universe theories are questioned by PG theory.
description: NOTE:  This version is shorter by two pages due to default formatting of previous color text by the LyX document processor used. There has been a short addition of text without deletion from the previous version.

To assist returning readers, the edits of the current version v21 are typed in purple color font. The use of different color with every new version makes it easier to follow the timeline of developments. It is recommended to follow this timeline, until a later version is properly compiled to avoid any remaining duplications or even some inconsistencies. The Python codes for various computations are now provided in https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7951860. Please email comments to the author. Feedback on this working book is welcome whether on scientific queries or on editing or oversighted errors to assist in the progress of the work.