Additional file 1 of A pilot study of solvent-based cleaning of yellow ochre oil paint: effect on mechanical properties
Creators: name: Freeman, Ashley Amanda
name: Lee, Judith
name: Andersen, Cecil Krarup
name: Fujisawa, Naoki
name: Michał Łukomski
name: Ormsby, Bronwyn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. EDX spectrum of Winsor &amp; Newton artists’ oil colour tube paint. Fe and O suggest an iron oxide e.g. Fe2O3; Al, Si and O suggest aluminosilicate or quartz present as clay minerals; magnesium, and carbon is attributed to the presence of hydromagnesite, identified using FTIR i.e. Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2; trace elements Na, K, Ca, Ti are known to occur in natural ochres. See: Genestar C, Pons C. Earth pigments in painting: Characterisation and differentiation by means of FTIR spectroscopy and SEM-EDS microanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2005. Figure S2. transmission FTIR spectrum of dried and untreated Winsor &amp; Newton artists’ oil colour tube paint. Figure S3. Image of yellow ochre paint films on Teflon-coated steel supports. The paint film on the left has been peeled off the support and placed bottom-face-up. The paint film on the right-hand side is face-up. This illustrates that the surface is medium rich and glossy relative to the underside. Figure S4. Hirox images all at 500× mag, of the surfaces of yellow ochre paint films following 24-hours in the selected solvents. Top left: untreated sample; Top right: 24-hour immersion in deionised water; bottom left: 24-hour immersion in Shellsol D40; bottom right: 24-hour immersion in D5 silicone solvent. The Hirox images show the greatest surface change was following exposure to deionised water. The surface topography is more defined and coarser. An illusion of a ‘glossy’ surface is produced in the BR image owing to diffusive reflection from the matte, uneven surface. Figure S5. Secondary electron SEM images of Yellow Ochre oil paint films, all at 150 x magnification (a) no solvent-exposure (b) sponge-cleaning using deionised water (c) sponge-cleaning using Shellsol D40 (d) sponge-cleaning D5 silicone solvent. The horizontal bands visible in images b-d are due to interference during imaging and were not caused by the sponge cleaning. Figure S6. Storage modulus for free film samples sponge-cleaned with different solvents. Each curve represents average of two temperature scans. Figure S7. Loss tangent for free film samples sponge-cleaned with different solvents. Each curve represents average of two temperature scans. Figure S8. Storage stiffness versus displacement (n = 12) of the control sample measured by nanoindentation, where the five experiments indicated in colour other than grey were excluded from analysis, being identified as outliers or due to kinks, likely resulting from the local roughness or inhomogeneity of the surface. Table S1. Summary of band assignments for the FTIR spectrum of W&amp;N Yellow Ochre oil paint, shown in Figure S2. The dominant presence of clay minerals and lack of gypsum is consistent with a natural French ochre. See: Genestar C, Pons C. Earth pigments in painting: Characterisation and differentiation by means of FTIR spectroscopy and SEM-EDS microanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2005. Table S2. Some key properties of the solvents used in this study, where fd= dispersion forces, fp= polarity, and fh= hydrogen bonding.