cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Community Colleges and the Equity Agenda: What the Record Shows
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Jacobs, James
name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
name: Leinbach, D. Timothy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This paper presents national data on the economic returns to postsecondary education for African-Americans and Hispanics and the performance of community colleges and other postsecondary institutions in expanding access to opportunity by minority students. The conclusion raises questions unanswered by an analysis of national data. These questions are the focus of a major new research program recently launched by the Community College Research Center on “Community Colleges and Minority Degree Attainment.”
CGAN-EB: A Non-parametric Empirical Bayes Method for Crash Hotspot Identification Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks: A Simulated Crash Data Study
Creators: name: Zarei, Mohammad
name: Hellinga, Bruce
name: Izadpanah, Pedram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, a new non-parametric empirical Bayes approach called CGAN-EB is proposed for approximating empirical Bayes (EB) estimates in traffic locations (e.g., road segments) which benefits from the modeling advantages of deep neural networks, and its performance is compared in a simulation study with the traditional approach based on negative binomial model (NB-EB). The NB-EB uses negative binomial model in order to model the crash data and is the most common approach in practice. To model the crash data in the proposed CGAN-EB, conditional generative adversarial network is used, which is a powerful deep neural network based method that can model any types of distributions. A number of simulation experiments are designed and conducted to evaluate the CGAN-EB performance in different conditions and compare it with the NB-EB. The results show that CGAN-EB performs as well as NB-EB when conditions favor the NB-EB model (i.e. data conform to the assumptions of the NB model) and outperforms NB-EB in experiments reflecting conditions frequently encountered in practice, specifically low sample means, and when crash frequency does not follow a log-linear relationship with covariates.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Order parameter of a three-dimensional Ising-like system in the simplest and higher non-Gaussian approximations
Creators: name: Pylyuk, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of the collective variables method to the study of the behaviour of nonuniversal characteristics of the system in the critical region is illustrated by an example of the order parameter. Explicit expressions for the order parameter (the average spin moment) of a three-dimensional uniaxial magnet are obtained in approximations of quartic and sextic non-Gaussian fluctuation distributions (the ρ^4 and ρ^6 models, respectively), taking into account confluent corrections. Some distinctive features appearing in the process of calculating the order parameter on the basis of two successive non-Gaussian approximations are indicated. The dependence of the average spin moment of an Ising-like system on the temperature and microscopic parameters is studied.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Lynx D5.5 Demonstrator for pilot 1
Creators: name: Sageder, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lynx pilot, contract management

description: The main purpose of this document is to give an insight into the development of pilot 1 (contract management) which is being developed within the Lynx project. Contracting is a common activity in companies, but managing contracts systematically is a cumbersome activity only few companies are effective at. Contracts and relevant documents are physically and electronically distributed across the entire organization. Against this backdrop, we are focusing on automated contract analysis to provide intelligent contract archiving solutions and compliance services. In order to achieve this, the following solutions have been implemented: A back-end solution to analyze single and multiple contracts including an archive which can be used by other services / applications. A front-end solution where a single user has the possibility to manage contracts. A demo website where a single document can be analyzed For the front-end solution selected provisional screenshots and descriptions are provided. In addition, a description of the architecture and newly developed services for the back-end is given. This deliverable is structured as follows: The first section deals with the relevance of contract management and embeds the efforts into the broader Lynx context. Section 2 describes several use cases we aim at solving with this pilot. In light of this, we are discussing objectives, our working basis in the pilot phase. Section 3 describes the pilot development in relation to the objects and Section 4 (pilot architecture) contains information about the underlying back-end solutions. Finally, the deliverable closes with a reflection and outlook.
Extended Techniques for Feedback Control of A Single Qubit
Creators: name: Yang, Y.
name: Zhang, X. Y.
name: Ma, J.
name: Yi, X. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The protection of quantum states is challenging for non-orthogonal states especially in the presence of noises. The recent research breakthrough shows that this difficulty can be overcome by feedback control with weak measurements. However, the state-protection schemes proposed recently work optimally only for special quantum states. In this paper, {by applying different weak measurements, we extend the idea of the state-protection scheme to protect general states.} We calculate numerically the optimal parameters and discuss the performance of the scheme. Comparison between this extended scheme and the earlier scheme is also presented.
Characters, quasinormal modes, and Schwinger pairs in $dS_2$ with flux
Creators: name: Grewal, Manvir
name: Parmentier, Klaas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An integral representation of the 1-loop partition function for charged scalars and spinors, minimally coupled to a uniform $U(1)$ field on $S^2$, is given in terms of $SO(1,2)$ Harish-Chandra group characters and evaluated exactly in terms of Hurwitz $ζ$-functions. Analytically continuing the $U(1)$ field, we interpret the path integrals as quasicanonical partition functions in $dS_2$ with an electric field. The character itself is obtained as a trace over states living at the future boundary of de Sitter and has a quasinormal mode expansion. The imaginary part of the partition function captures Schwinger pair creation in the static patch at finite temperature. The thermal enhancement is most noticeable for scalar masses below Hubble and leads to non-monotonicity of the current as a function of the field. This parameter range, when dimensionally reducing from a charged or rotating Nariai spacetime, is excluded by Swampland-inspired bounds. Around the $AdS_2$ black hole, in contrast to $dS_2$, there is a threshold to pair creation.
description: 38 pages, 9 figures, v4 (minor update in boundary calculation)
Image enhancement using fusion by wavelet transform and laplacian pyramid
Creators: name: Mukane, S. M.
name: Ghodake, Y. S.
name: Khandagle, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The idea of combining multiple image modalities to provide a single, enhanced image is well established different fusion methods have been proposed in literature. This paper is based on image fusion using laplacian pyramid and wavelet transform method. Images of same size are used for experimentation. Images used for the experimentation are standard images and averaging filter is used of equal weights in original images to burl. Performance of image fusion technique is measured by mean square error, normalized absolute error and peak signal to noise ratio. From the performance analysis it has been observed that MSE is decreased in case of both the methods where as PSNR increased, NAE decreased in case of laplacian pyramid where as constant for wavelet transform method.
Shedding of Vortex Rings from an Oscillating Sphere in Superfluid He-4 below 0.5 K - The Origin of the Turbulent Drag Force
Creators: name: Schoepe, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The onset of turbulent flow around an oscillating sphere is known to occur at a critical velocity vc ~ sqrt(kappa omega) where kappa is the circulation quantum and omega is the oscillation frequency. However, in a small interval of driving force amplitudes F (or corresponding velocity amplitudes of few percent above vc) the turbulent flow is found to be unstable. The flow pattern switches intermittently between potential flow and turbulence. The lifetimes of the turbulent phases have an exponential distribution and the mean lifetimes tau grow very rapidly with increasing driving force, namely as tau(F) ~ exp [(F/F1)^2]. In this work this experimental result is analyzed in more detail than before, in particular the force F1 is identified. As a result, the turbulent drag force F(v) ~ (v^2 - vc^2) can be ascribed quantitatively to the shedding of vortex rings having the size of the sphere. Moreover, we can infer the average number of vortex rings that are shed per half-period at any given velocity v on the turbulent drag force.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Extended version of DOI 10.1007/s10909-013-0888-4 Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Online First, 2013
Applying SoftTriple Loss for Supervised Language Model Fine Tuning
Creators: name: Sosnowski, Witold
name: Wroblewska, Anna
name: Gawrysiak, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new loss function TripleEntropy, to improve classification performance for fine-tuning general knowledge pre-trained language models based on cross-entropy and SoftTriple loss. This loss function can improve the robust RoBERTa baseline model fine-tuned with cross-entropy loss by about (0.02% - 2.29%). Thorough tests on popular datasets indicate a steady gain. The fewer samples in the training dataset, the higher gain -- thus, for small-sized dataset it is 0.78%, for medium-sized -- 0.86% for large -- 0.20% and for extra-large 0.04%.
KnAC: an approach for enhancing cluster analysis with background knowledge and explanations
Creators: name: Bobek, Szymon
name: Kuk, Michał
name: Brzegowski, Jakub
name: Brzychczy, Edyta
name: Nalepa, Grzegorz J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pattern discovery in multidimensional data sets has been the subject of research for decades. There exists a wide spectrum of clustering algorithms that can be used for this purpose. However, their practical applications share a common post-clustering phase, which concerns expert-based interpretation and analysis of the obtained results. We argue that this can be the bottleneck in the process, especially in cases where domain knowledge exists prior to clustering. Such a situation requires not only a proper analysis of automatically discovered clusters but also conformance checking with existing knowledge. In this work, we present Knowledge Augmented Clustering (KnAC). Its main goal is to confront expert-based labelling with automated clustering for the sake of updating and refining the former. Our solution is not restricted to any existing clustering algorithm. Instead, KnAC can serve as an augmentation of an arbitrary clustering algorithm, making the approach robust and a model-agnostic improvement of any state-of-the-art clustering method. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method on artificially, reproducible examples and in a real life use case scenario. In both cases, we achieved better results than classic clustering algorithms without augmentation.
description: Accepted to Applied Intelligence
Quantum Metrology with Delegated Tasks
Creators: name: Shettell, Nathan
name: Markham, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum metrology scheme can be decomposed into three quantum tasks: state preparation, parameter encoding and measurements. Consequently, it is imperative to have access to the technologies which can execute the aforementioned tasks to fully implement a quantum metrology scheme. In the absence of one or more of these technologies, one can proceed by delegating the tasks to a third party. However, doing so has security ramifications: the third party can bias the result or leak information. In this article, we outline different scenarios where one or more tasks are delegated to an untrusted (and possibly malicious) third party. In each scenario, we outline cryptographic protocols which can be used to circumvent malicious activity. Further, we link the effectiveness of the quantum metrology scheme to the soundness of the cryptographic protocols.
description: 13 page main text, 7 page appendix, 3 figures
Super universality of dimerised $SU(N+M)$ spin chains
Creators: name: Pruisken, A. M. M.
name: Danu, Bimla
name: Shankar, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the physics of the quantum Hall effect using the Haldane mapping of dimerised $SU(N+M)$ spin chains, the large $N$ expansion and the density matrix renormalization group technique. We show that while the transition is first order for $N+M >2$, the system at zero temperature nevertheless displays a continuously diverging length scale $ξ$ (correlation length). The numerical results for $(M, N) = (1,3), ~ (2, 2),~(1, 5)$ and $(1, 7)$ indicate that $ξ$ is a directly observable physical quantity, namely the spatial width of the edge states. We relate the physical observables of the quantum spin chain to those of the quantum Hall system (and, hence, the $\vartheta$ vacuum concept in quantum field theory). Our numerical investigations provide strong evidence for the conjecture of super universality which says the dimerised spin chain quite generally displays all the basic features of the quantum Hall effect, independent of the specific values of $M$ and $N$. For the cases at hand we show that the singularity structure of the quantum Hall plateau transitions involves a universal function with two scale parameters that may in general depend on $M$ and $N$. This includes not only the Hall conductance but also the ground state energy as well as the correlation length $ξ$ with varying values of $\vartheta \sim π$.
description: 9 pages
Promising Practices for Community College Developmental Education
Creators: name: Schwartz, Wendy
name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Developmental education is a key part of the college experience of a great number of community college students. Nationwide, about 60 percent of recent high school graduates who enter postsecondary education through community college take at least one remedial course (Bailey, Leinbach, and Jenkins, 2005). Yet, despite the prevalence of students who take developmental courses at community colleges, there is surprisingly little definitive research evidence on what makes for effective developmental education practice. Many studies of community college developmental education (or “remedial” education; we use these terms interchangeably) are based on programs and students at single institutions. These studies often do not make use of carefully selected comparison groups, and they typically do not track individuals long enough to find out whether students are eventually able to earn degrees or transfer to baccalaureate programs (see Levin and Calcagno, 2007). This document provides a summary of key findings from the research literature on developmental education practices that appear promising. It was produced as a discussion resource for community college educators and state agency staff in Connecticut. We hope that the practices described in this document encourage community college educators in Connecticut to reflect on how they currently approach developmental education and discuss ways they might strengthen program outcomes.
Spectral control of nonclassical light using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator
Creators: name: Zhu, Di
name: Chen, Changchen
name: Yu, Mengjie
name: Shao, Linbo
name: Hu, Yaowen
name: Xin, C. J.
name: Yeh, Matthew
name: Ghosh, Soumya
name: He, Lingyan
name: Reimer, Christian
name: Sinclair, Neil
name: Wong, Franco N. C.
name: Zhang, Mian
name: Lončar, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation, communication, and networking protocols, and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems. However, quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light, microwave, or acoustics, which is challenging to realize with high efficiency, low noise, and on an integrated chip. Here, we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of nonclassical light using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) phase modulator. We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range ($\pm$ 641 GHz or $\pm$ 5.2 nm), enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs. We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold (6.55 nm to 0.35 nm) bandwidth compression of single photons. Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
The Organizational Efficiency of Multiple Missions for Community Colleges
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Morest, Vanessa Smith
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: The list of community college missions now goes well beyond the core degree granting programs. Activities include developmental education, adult basic education, English as a second language, education and training for individuals facing serious barriers to employment, customized training for specific companies, preparation of students for industry certification exams, non-credit instruction, and small business development. This paper first explains why community colleges continue to pursue an organizational form based on comprehensiveness. We argue that the political and fiscal environments in which the colleges operate provide strong incentives for colleges to expand their activities. While the comprehensive strategy is effective from an organizational point of view, we do not conclude that this approach leads to the best education, or that it is in the best interest of the students. However, given the environment in which the colleges operate, comprehensiveness makes sense for the institution and calls for organizational simplification will not be successful without changes in incentives structures, or without much more empirical evidence of the disadvantages of complexity. In the second part of this paper, we explore one approach to increasing organizational efficiency: improve coordination and integration of these apparently disparate missions. We conclude that such coordination is extremely difficult to achieve and that political and fiscal incentives militate against it. The costs associated with combining functions appear to outweigh any perceived benefits. We end with recommendations for how colleges and policymakers should think about, and respond to, issues associated with the growing mission diversification at community colleges.
smart application for AMS using Face Recognition
Creators: name: K, MuthuKalyani.
name: A, VeeraMuthu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attendance Management System (AMS) can be made into smarter way by using face recognition technique, where we use a CCTV camera to be fixed at the entry point of a classroom, which automatically captures the image of the person and checks the observed image with the face database using android enhanced smart phone. It is typically used for two purposes. Firstly, marking attendance for student by comparing the face images produced recently and secondly, recognition of human who are strange to the environment i.e. an unauthorized person For verification of image, a newly emerging trend 3D Face Recognition is used which claims to provide more accuracy in matching the image databases and has an ability to recognize a subject at different view angles.
description: 20 pages,4 figures
Is there plenty of metal-poor stars with planets in the Galactic thick disk?
Creators: name: Adibekyan, V. Zh.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Sousa, S. G.
name: Israelian, G.
name: Figueira, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed an uniform spectroscopic analysis of 1111 FGK dwarfs observed as part of the HARPS GTO planet search program. We applied a purely chemical approach, based on [alpha/Fe] ratio, to distinguish the various stellar components in the Galaxy. Apart from the well known Galactic thick and thin disks, we separated an alpha-enhanced stellar family at super-solar metallicities. The metal-rich high-alpha stars have orbits similar to the thin disk stars, but they are similar to thick disk stars in terms of age. Our data indicate that the incidence of stars with planets are greater among the chemically separated thick disk stars with [Fe/H] < -0.3 dex than they are among thin disk stars in the same [Fe/H] interval. Our results allow us to suppose that a certain chemical composition, and not the Galactic birth place of the stars, is the causative factor for that.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
title: Teachers Supporting Children with an Incarcerated Parent: A Pilot of the Impact and Applicability of SHINE for Kids' Teacher Training Program
Creators: name: Tracey, Danielle
name: Barker, Katrina
Publisher: name: Western Sydney University
Year: 2020

description: SHINE for Kids have developed and implemented Australia’s first teacher training program to develop the skills, attitudes, knowledge and confidence of teachers to support the education of students with an incarcerated parent. This pilot study represents the first independent evaluation of SHINE for Kids’ teacher training program on these teacher outcomes.
Genomic Microsurgery
Creators: name: Foe, Gabriella
Publisher: name: Voices in Bioethics
Year: 2014

description: Genomic microsurgery is a type of genetic modification whereby DNA segments are inserted, removed, or replaced in order to obtain desired phenotypes. It has only recently been developed but already brings with it possibilities to customize one’s genome to eliminate diseases or obtain certain traits. Crispr, or “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,” are found in bacteria and known to help bacteria fight off viruses. Crispr contains DNA sequences of viruses which have infected the bacteria or its ancestors, each separated by a short repeat. Using Crispr, the bacteria can recognize a viral gene and destroy it. When a novel virus invades, the new viral DNA sequence will be added to the end of the chain. Crispr is known to work in human cells even though we do not have Crispr-based immune system. Before the Crispr gene is incorporated into the human genome through genomic microsurgery, there are ethical questions which must be considered. The benefits of incorporating Crispr into the human genome can be significant, one of which would be the potential to replace vaccines. However, there are unknown side effects (caused by introducing Crispr into the human genome) that may significantly harm individuals. Furthermore, genomic microsurgery does not yet have adequate specificity, scientists are still trying to make these ‘edits’ more specific, and the effectiveness of incorporating any gene into the human genome is unknown. How confident should scientists be of this technique before they start human experimentation or marketing to the public? Aside from its potential benefits, the topic of gene editing raises fear of people wanting designer babies. Parents would be able to use it to edit the DNA of their embryos once it is available to the public. But each time the topic of gene alteration has come up in discussion, professionals in the field of genetics have stressed the fact that each individual—without exception—carry a number of lethal mutations. No one has a perfect genome; this may say something about our evolution and the ability of someone with the perfect genome to survive. So while scientists are still learning more about genomic microsurgery, it is essential to develop ethical guidelines and regulations to ensure that it will not be abused by the human desire to create the perfect, dream-child.
description: Voices in Bioethics, Archives (2014-2015)
Social distancing strategies against disease spreading
Creators: name: Valdez, L. D.
name: Buono, C.
name: Macri, P. A.
name: Braunstein, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The recurrent infectious diseases and their increasing impact on the society has promoted the study of strategies to slow down the epidemic spreading. In this review we outline the applications of percolation theory to describe strategies against epidemic spreading on complex networks. We give a general outlook of the relation between link percolation and the susceptible-infected-recovered model, and introduce the node void percolation process to describe the dilution of the network composed by healthy individual, $i.e$, the network that sustain the functionality of a society. Then, we survey two strategies: the quenched disorder strategy where an heterogeneous distribution of contact intensities is induced in society, and the intermittent social distancing strategy where health individuals are persuaded to avoid contact with their neighbors for intermittent periods of time. Using percolation tools, we show that both strategies may halt the epidemic spreading. Finally, we discuss the role of the transmissibility, $i.e$, the effective probability to transmit a disease, on the performance of the strategies to slow down the epidemic spreading.
description: to be published in "Perspectives and Challenges in Statistical Physics and Complex Systems for the Next Decade", Word Scientific Press
The New Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell
Creators: name: Goldberg, Madeline
Publisher: name: Voices in Bioethics
Year: 2014

description: In the wake of the “don’t ask, don’t tell” laws that were passed by Congress and later repealed, a new story is emerging of unjust discrimination against transgender troops. Unlike Canada, Australia, England and Israel, the United States bans transgender individuals from serving in the U.S. Army. This ban is found in Department of Defense regulations, which suggest that transgender individuals are medically unfit to serve in the U.S. Army. Recently, a San Francisco think tank published a report that criticizes the military’s transgender ban and calls for President Barack Obama to bypass Congress and lift the ban through an executive order. For more information on the think tank report see: Transgender Military Service Repot http://www.palmcenter.org/files/Transgender%20Military%20Service%20Report.pdf Panel Urges End to US Ban on Transgender Troops http://www.wdam.com/story/24963555/panel-urges-end-to-us-ban-on-transgender-troop Further Reading on Transgender Health Issues: About a Boy. Transgender surgery at sixteen. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/03/18/130318fa_fact_talbot?currentPage=all College Health Plans Respond as Transgender Students Gain Visibility http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/13/education/12sexchange.html?_r=0
description: Voices in Bioethics, Archives (2014-2015)
Strategies for Promoting Gatekeeper Course Success Among Students Needing Remediation: Research Report for the Virginia Community College System
Creators: name: Roksa, Josipa
name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
name: Jaggars, Shanna
name: Zeidenberg, Matthew
name: Cho, Sung-Woo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: The Virginia Community College System (VCCS) is engaged in a strategic planning process to improve performance beyond the goals in Dateline 2009, the system’s current vision and plan. A key objective is to encourage colleges to improve retention and academic success for students, particularly the substantial numbers who arrive unprepared for college-level work. Specifically, the VCCS seeks to improve the rates at which underprepared students complete developmental coursework and advance to take and pass college courses, particularly the initial college-level, or “gatekeeper,” math and English offerings. The VCCS asked the Community College Research Center (CCRC) at Teachers College, Columbia University, to conduct analyses to inform its efforts to improve student outcomes. In response, CCRC designed a study to address the following question: What student characteristics, course-taking patterns, and other factors are associated with higher probabilities that students who require remediation will take and pass college-level math and English? The dataset used by CCRC, provided by the VCCS, contained information on 24,140 first-time college students who enrolled in a VCCS college in summer or fall 2004. It included information on student demographics, institutions attended, placement test scores and placement recommendations, transcript data on courses and grades, and information on educational attainment (including transfer to four-year institutions and certificates and associate degrees earned). Students were followed for four years, through the 2008 summer term. CCRC examined a range of educational outcomes, including: whether students took and passed development courses and gatekeeper English and math, the number of terms they were enrolled, the number of credits they accumulated, and whether they earned educational awards (certificates and associate degrees) or transferred to four-year institutions. This report presents the main findings from CCRC’s study and outlines suggestions for steps that the VCCS and its member colleges might take to improve completion of gatekeeper courses by the many students who enter the state’s community colleges poorly prepared to succeed in college-level work.
Requirements for designing kind spaces
Creators: name: Alrimawi, Faeq
name: Nuseibeh, Bashar
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Kindness is an important quality of human behavior, and the physical spaces in which people live, work, and interact can significantly influence the experience and expression of kindness. With the growing integration of digital technology into physical spaces, designers have a unique opportunity to intentionally foster and amplify kindness while also mitigating unkindness. However, creating such spaces is a challenge that requires an understanding of the various intertwined digital, physical, psychological, and social dimensions. To gain such an understanding, it is important to identify and articulate the key requirements that reflect these dimensions and their interplay. In this paper we explore the notion of a kind space—a space intentionally designed to enable and amplify kind behavior while preventing unkind behavior. We argue that the design of kind spaces requires consideration of two essential requirements: topology, the arrangement and relationship of digital and physical spatial entities, and psycho-social factors, such as emotionality and social relatedness. We examine these requirements and their operationalization, proposing a way for designers to create kind spaces. We use a professional workspace scenario to demonstrate the application of such requirements. We suggest that the deliberate use of digital technology in creating kind spaces can positively impact individuals and communities.
Advanced Drone Swarm Security by Using Blockchain Governance Game
Creators: name: Kim, Song-Kyoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60C55, 60K10, 90B15, 90B50, 91A35, 91A55, 93A30

description: This research contributes to the security design of an advanced smart drone swarm network based on a variant of the Blockchain Governance Game (BGG), which is the theoretical game model to predict the moments of security actions before attacks, and the Strategic Alliance for Blockchain Governance Game (SABGG), which is one of the BGG variants which has been adapted to construct the best strategies to take preliminary actions based on strategic alliance for protecting smart drones in a blockchain-based swarm network. Smart drones are artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled drones which are capable of being operated autonomously without having any command center. Analytically tractable solutions from the SABGG allow us to estimate the moments of taking preliminary actions by delivering the optimal accountability of drones for preventing attacks. This advanced secured swarm network within AI-enabled drones is designed by adapting the SABGG model. This research helps users to develop a new network-architecture-level security of a smart drone swarm which is based on a decentralized network.
description: Song-Kyoo Kim, Advanced Drone Swarm Security by Using Blockchain Governance Game, Mathematics 10:18 (2022), 3338
Do Sunspot Cycles Affect Crop Yields?
Creators: name: Harrison, Virden L.
name: Harrison, Virden L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Sunspots
subject: crop yields
subject: projections
subject: weather

description: Sunspot activity occurs on a regular cyclical basis. Temperature, precipitation, length of growing season, radiation levels, atmospheric pressure, and high-altitude wind speed in the United States and elsewhere may be related to the single or double sunspot cycle. This study tests the hypothesis that crop yields at the State level are related to various phases of the sunspot cycle. Crops and States included are wheat in Texas and Kansas, corn in Illinois and Nebraska, rice in Louisiana, and cotton in Texas. Statistical analysis was made of data for 1866-1973. Results indicate that (1) lower than average yields are associated with low sunspot activity, especially low activity following the high of the minor sunspot cycle (2) higher than average yields are associated with high sunspot activity, and (3) both the single and double sunspot cycles may give useful information in predictions of yield deviations.
Analytic and numerical study of the free energy in gauge theory
Creators: name: Maas, Axel
name: Zwanziger, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive some exact bounds on the free energy W(J) in an SU(N) gauge theory, where J_mu^b is a source for the gluon field A_mu^b in the minimal Landau gauge, and W(J) is the generating functional of connected correlators, exp W(J) = . We also provide asymptotic expressions for the free energy W(J) at large J and for the quantum effective action Gamma(A) at large A. We specialize to a source J(x)=h cos(kx) of definite momentum k and source strength h, and study the gluon propagator D(k,h) in the presence of this source. Among other relations, we prove int_0^inf dh D(k,h)<=2^1/2 k, which implies lim_(k->0) D(k,h) = 0, for all positive h>0. Thus the system does not respond to a static color probe, no matter how strong. Recent lattice data in minimal Landau gauge in d =3 and 4 dimensions at h=0 indicate that the gluon propagator in the minimum Landau gauge is finite, lim_(k->0) D(k,0)>0. Thus these lattice data imply a jump in the value of D(k,h) at h=0 and k=0, and the value of D(k,h) at this point depends on the order of limits. We also present numerical evaluations of the free energy W(k,h) and the gluon propagator D(k,h) for the case of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in various dimensions which support all of these findings.
description: 42 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Conducting Research to Answer Your Questions about Dual Enrollment
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
name: Jeong, Dong Wook
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Dual enrollment, in which high school students take college courses for credit, is an increasingly popular educational program. As states and local education authorities (LEAs) devote resources to this initiative, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of these investments. Doing so presents unique challenges, however, because the data and analytic requirements of evaluating dual enrollment require coordination among individual high schools, LEAs, postsecondary institutions, and states. These challenges can be overcome, and the effort it takes to do so is well worth the financial and human investment. This summary is intended to help decision-makers understand why research on dual enrollment programs is important and how policymakers can support research activities.
Fully-heavy hexaquark states via the QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the diquark-diquark-diquark type vector six-quark currents to investigate the vector and scalar hexaquark states in the framework of the QCD sum rules in a consistent way, and make predictions for the hexaquark masses. We can search for the fully-heavy hexaquark states in the di-$ Ω_{ccc}$ and di-$ Ω_{bbb}$ invariant mass spectra in the future. Combined with our previous works on the fully-heavy tetraquark states and pentaquark states, the present predictions can shed light on the nature of the fully-heavy multiquark states.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Controlling Complexity in Part-of-Speech Induction
Creators: name: Graça, João V.
name: Ganchev, Kuzman
name: Coheur, Luisa
name: Pereira, Fernando
name: Taskar, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of fully unsupervised learning of grammatical (part-of-speech) categories from unlabeled text. The standard maximum-likelihood hidden Markov model for this task performs poorly, because of its weak inductive bias and large model capacity. We address this problem by refining the model and modifying the learning objective to control its capacity via para- metric and non-parametric constraints. Our approach enforces word-category association sparsity, adds morphological and orthographic features, and eliminates hard-to-estimate parameters for rare words. We develop an efficient learning algorithm that is not much more computationally intensive than standard training. We also provide an open-source implementation of the algorithm. Our experiments on five diverse languages (Bulgarian, Danish, English, Portuguese, Spanish) achieve significant improvements compared with previous methods for the same task.
Developments in Marketing Spreads for Agricultural Products in 1975
Creators: name: Economic Research Service
name: Economic Research Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Price spreads
subject: food marketing
subject: costs

description: Marketing spreads accounted for three-fourths of last year's increase of 7 percent in the retail cost of a market basket of farm foods. Marketing spreads averaged 9 percent above 1974, chiefly due to higher marketing charges for crop products. Although last year's gain slowed from the record increase of 20 percent in 1974, it was well above the gains of 6 percent in 1973 and 2 percent in 1972. Returns to farmers for food products averaged about 5 percent higher in 1975 than in 1974, mainly because of strong livestock prices. Farmers received an average of 42 cents of each dollar spent by consumers for farm foods in 1975. This was 1 cent less than in 1974, and 4 cents less than the 46-cent share received in 1973, when it was the highest in more than 20 years.
A Typology of Community College-Based Partnership Activities
Creators: name: DeCastro, Belkis Suazo
name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Community colleges are tasked with providing learning opportunities in an affordable and efficient time-to-degree manner, while at the same time meeting the occupational and training demands both of student constituents and a knowledge-based economy. In recent years, this challenge has intensified due to a growing student population, a depressed economy, decreased funding, greater accountability, and a mismatch between students' college preparedness and the technical demands of our economy. Community colleges are addressing this challenge, in part, by partnering with other institutions in order to streamline their services and meet the needs of students efficiently and effectively. These partnerships can be supported—or hindered—by local, state, and federal policies. This paper presents a typology of the types of collaborations in which colleges engage so that policymakers can identify the types of activities they want to support, and develop appropriate fiscal and regulatory policy that will enable colleges to pursue these activities.
School-Based Career Development: A Synthesis of the Literature
Creators: name: Hughes, Katherine Lee
name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: The Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Amendments of 1998 extended support for “career guidance and academic counseling.” A wide variety of such interventions are in existence. Since the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 emphasizes evidence-based education, it is important to examine the research to determine the value of these programs. This synthesis of the research literature, covering meta-analyses and individual studies on comprehensive guidance programs, career courses, counseling interventions and computer-assisted career guidance, finds many benefits to students of career guidance and academic counseling interventions. On a variety of career-related and academic measures, student subjects did have increased outcomes. However, there are also limitations to the interventions and to the research methods studying them. Many of the interventions are short-term, low-dosage activities, with lasting benefits unclear. In addition, much of the research relies on self-reported responses to psychological inventories. Based on the findings of the research review, recommendations are to focus practice and research on middle-school students, and target resources towards ensuring that all middle- and high-school students have regular conferences with counselors to discuss their current and future academic programs. Finally, research should focus on exploring the relationships between guidance interventions and positive student behaviors, rather than attitudes.
Rotation Control, Interlocking and Self-positioning of Active Cogwheels
Creators: name: Martinet, Q.
name: Aubret, A.
name: Palacci, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gears and cogwheels restrain degrees of freedom and channel power into a specified motion. They are fundamental components of macroscopic machines. Interlocking microrotors similarly constitute key elements toward feasible micromachinery. Their assembly, positioning and control is a challenge at microscale, where noise is ubiquituous. Here, we show the assembly and control of a family of self-spinning cogwheels with varying teeth numbers and study interlocking mechanisms in systems of multiple cogwheels. The cogwheels are autonomous and active, with teeth formed by colloidal microswimmers that power the structure, and control its rotation rate. Leveraging the angular momentum of light with optical vortices, we control the direction of rotation of the cogwheels. We study pairs of interlocking cogwheels, that roll over each other in a random walk and curvature-dependent mobility. We leverage this feature to achieve self-positioning of cogwheels on structures with variable curvature and program microbots, notably demonstrating the ability to pick up, displace and release a load. This work highlights untapped opportunities of manufacturing at microscale using self-positioning components and constitutes an important step towards autonomous and programmable microbots.
description: 4 Figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2111.08688