cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The UV colours and dust attenuation of Lyman-break galaxies
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Perez, V.
name: Lacey, C. G.
name: Baugh, C. M.
name: Frenk, C. S.
name: Wilkins, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using GALFORM, a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation in the Lambda cold dark matter cosmology, we study the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) colours of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) in the redshift range 2.5 < z < 10. As the impact of dust on UV luminosity can be dramatic, our model includes a self-consistent computation of dust attenuation based on a radiative transfer model. We find that intrinsically brighter galaxies suffer stronger dust attenuation than fainter ones, though the relation has a large scatter. The model predicts galaxies with UV colours consistent with the colour selection regions designed to select LBGs in observational surveys. We find that the drop-out technique that selects LBGs based on two rest-frame UV colours is robust and effective, selecting more than 70 per cent of UV bright galaxies at a given redshift. We investigate the impact on the predicted UV colours of varying selected model parameters. We find that the UV colours are most sensitive to the modelling of dust attenuation and in particular, to the extinction curve used in the radiative transfer calculation. If we assume a Milky Way dust extinction curve, the predicted UV continuum slopes are, in general, bluer than observed. However, we find that the opposite is true when using the Small Magellanic Cloud dust extinction curve. This demonstrates the strong dependence of UV colours on dust properties and highlights the inadequacy of using the UV continuum slope as a tracer of dust attenuation without any further knowledge of the galaxy inclination or dust characteristics in high redshift galaxies.
description: (20 pages, 14 figures, MNRAS)
The Anthropocene: Comparing Its Meaning in Geology (Chronostratigraphy) with Conceptual Approaches Arising in Other Disciplines
Creators: name: Zalasiewicz, Jan
name: Waters, Colin N.
name: Ellis, Erle C.
name: Head, Martin J.
name: Vidas, Davor
name: Steffen, Will
name: Thomas, Julia Adeney
name: Horn, Eva
name: Summerhayes, Colin P.
name: Leinfelder, Reinhold
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Anthropocene
subject: chronostratigraphy
subject: Earth System science
subject: humanities
subject: social sciences
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The term Anthropocene initially emerged from the Earth System science community in the early 2000s, denoting a concept that the Holocene Epoch has terminated as a consequence of human activities. First associated with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, it was then more closely linked with the Great Acceleration in industrialization and globalization from the 1950s that fundamentally modified physical, chemical, and biological signals in geological archives. Since 2009, the Anthropocene has been evaluated by the Anthropocene Working Group, tasked with examining it for potential inclusion in the Geological Time Scale. Such inclusion requires a precisely defined chronostratigraphic and geochronological unit with a globally synchronous base and inception, with the mid-twentieth century being geologically optimal. This reflects an Earth System state in which human activities have become predominant drivers of modifications to the stratigraphic record, making it clearly distinct from the Holocene. However, more recently, the term Anthropocene has also become used for different conceptual interpretations in diverse scholarly fields, including the environmental and social sciences and humanities. These are often flexibly interpreted, commonly without reference to the geological record, and diachronous in time; they often extend much further back in time than the mid-twentieth century. These broader conceptualizations encompass wide ranges and levels of human impacts and interactions with the environment. Here, we clarify what the Anthropocene is in geological terms and compare the proposed geological (chronostratigraphic) definition with some of these broader interpretations and applications of the term “Anthropocene,” showing both their overlaps and differences.
Measurement of the differential photon+ c-jet cross section and the ratio of differential photon+ c and photon+ b cross sections in proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the differential cross section $dσ/dp_{T}^γ$ for the associated production of a $c$-quark jet and an isolated photon with rapidity $|y^γ|< 1.0$ and transverse momentum $30 < p_{T}^γ < 300$ GeV. The $c$-quark jets are required to have $|y^{jet}| < 1.5$ and $p_{T}^{jet} >15$ GeV. The ratio of differential cross sections for photon+ c and photon+ b production as a function of $p_{T}^γ$ is also presented. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.7 fb$^{-1}$ recorded with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ Collider at $\sqrt{s}=$1.96 TeV. The obtained results are compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations using various parton distribution functions, to predictions based on the $k_{T}$-factorization approach, and to predictions from the Sherpa and Pythia Monte Carlo event generators.
description: Submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Iotsald von Saint-Claude, Vita des Abtes Odilo von Cluny, éd. par J. Staub, 1999. – J. Staub, Studien zu Iotsalds Vita des Abtes Odilo von Cluny, 1999
Creators: name: Iogna-Prat, D.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 28 Nr. 1 (2001)
The Earliest Phases of Star Formation (EPoS): A Herschel Key Program - The precursors to high-mass stars and clusters
Creators: name: Ragan, Sarah
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Krause, Oliver
name: Pitann, Jan
name: Beuther, Henrik
name: Linz, Hendrik
name: Tackenberg, Jochen
name: Balog, Zoltan
name: Hennemann, Martin
name: Launhardt, Ralf
name: Lippok, Nils
name: Nielbock, Markus
name: Schmiedeke, Anika
name: Schuller, Frederic
name: Steinacker, Juergen
name: Stutz, Amelia
name: Vasyunina, Tatiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We present an overview of the sample of high-mass star and cluster forming regions observed as part of the Earliest Phases of Star Formation (EPoS) Herschel Guaranteed Time Key Program. A sample of 45 infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs) were mapped at PACS 70, 100, and 160 micron and SPIRE 250, 350, and 500 micron. In this paper, we characterize a population of cores which appear in the PACS bands and place them into context with their host cloud and investigate their evolutionary stage. We construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 496 cores which appear in all PACS bands, 34% of which lack counterparts at 24 micron. From single-temperature modified blackbody fits of the SEDs, we derive the temperature, luminosity, and mass of each core. These properties predominantly reflect the conditions in the cold, outer regions. Taking into account optical depth effects and performing simple radiative transfer models, we explore the origin of emission at PACS wavelengths. The core population has a median temperature of 20K and has masses and luminosities that span four to five orders of magnitude. Cores with a counterpart at 24 micron are warmer and bluer on average than cores without a 24 micron counterpart. We conclude that cores bright at 24 micron are on average more advanced in their evolution, where a central protostar(s) have heated the outer bulk of the core, than 24 micron-dark cores. The 24 micron emission itself can arise in instances where our line of sight aligns with an exposed part of the warm inner core. About 10% of the total cloud mass is found in a given cloud's core population. We uncover over 300 further candidate cores which are dark until 100 micron. These are candidate starless objects, and further observations will help us determine the nature of these very cold cores.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 81 pages, 68 figures. For full resolution image gallery (Appendix B), see http://www.mpia.de/~ragan/epos.html
Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity during emotion regulation: A meta-analysis of psychophysiological interactions
Creators: name: Berboth, Stella
name: Morawetz, Carmen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Amygdala
subject: Connectivity
subject: fMRI
subject: Psychophysiological interaction
subject: Reappraisal
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Given the importance of emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of psychopathology, a myriad of neuroimaging studies has investigated its neural underpinnings. However, single studies usually provide limited insight into the function of specific brain regions. Hence, to better understand the interaction between key regions involved in emotion generation and regulation, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that examined emotion regulation-modulated connectivity of the amygdala using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis. We analyzed fifteen PPI studies using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm. Investigating emotion regulation-modulated connectivity independent of regulation strategy and goal revealed convergent connectivity between the amygdala and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), which was primarily driven by PPI studies implementing reappraisal as a regulation strategy. A more focused analysis testing for effective coupling during the downregulation of emotions by using reappraisal specifically revealed convergent connectivity between the amygdala and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). These prefrontal regions have been implicated in emotion regulatory processes such as working memory (dlPFC), language processes (vlPFC), and the attribution of mental states (dmPFC). Our findings suggest not only a dynamic modulation of connectivity between emotion generative and regulatory systems during the cognitive control of emotions, but also highlight the robustness of task-modulated prefrontal-amygdala coupling, thereby informing neurally-derived models of emotion regulation.
Towards metric-like higher-spin gauge theories in three dimensions
Creators: name: Campoleoni, Andrea
name: Fredenhagen, Stefan
name: Pfenninger, Stefan
name: Theisen, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the coupling of a symmetric spin-3 gauge field to three-dimensional gravity in a second order metric-like formulation. The action that corresponds to an SL(3,R) x SL(3,R) Chern-Simons theory in the frame-like formulation is identified to quadratic order in the spin-3 field. We apply our result to compute corrections to the area law for higher-spin black holes using Wald's entropy formula.
description: 29 pages; v2: typos corrected
Identifying migratory pathways of Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) using stable hydrogen and strontium isotopes
Creators: name: Kruszynski, Cecilia
name: Bailey, Liam D.
name: Courtiol, Alexandre
name: Bach, Lothar
name: Bach, Petra
name: Göttsche, Matthias
name: Göttsche, Michael
name: Hill, Reinhold
name: Lindecke, Oliver
name: Voigt, Christian C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pipistrellus nathusii
subject: migratory pathways
subject: German coastline
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Rationale Identifying migratory corridors of animals is essential for their effective protection, yet the exact location of such corridors is often unknown, particularly for elusive animals such as bats. While migrating along the German coastline, Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) are regularly killed at wind turbines. Therefore, we explored the paths taken on their annual journey. Methods We used isotope ratio mass spectrometry to measure stable hydrogen and strontium isotope ratios in fur keratin of 59 Nathusius' pipistrelles captured on three offshore islands. Samples were pre-treated before analysis to report exclusively stable isotope ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen. We generated maps to predict summer origins of bats using isoscape models. Results Bats were classified as long-distance migrants, mostly originating from Eastern Europe. Hydrogen analysis suggested for some bats a possible Fennoscandian origin, yet additional information from strontium analysis excluded this possibility. Instead, our data suggest that most Nathusius' pipistrelles migrating along the German coastline were of continental European summer origin, but also highlight the possibility that Nathusius' pipistrelles of Baltorussian origin may travel offshore from Fennoscandia to Germany. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the benefit of using complementary isotopic tracers for analysing the migratory pathways of bats and also potentially other terrestrial vertebrate species. Furthermore, data from our study suggest an offset of fur strontium isotope ratios in relation to local bedrock.
Bulk Nuclear Polarization Enhanced at Room-Temperature by Optical Pumping
Creators: name: Fischer, Ran
name: Bretschneider, Christian O.
name: London, Paz
name: Budker, Dmitry
name: Gershoni, David
name: Frydman, Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk 13C polarization can be strongly enhanced in diamond at room-temperature based on the optical pumping of nitrogen-vacancy color centers. This effect was confirmed by irradiating suitably aligned single-crystals at a ~50 mT field promoting anti-crossings between electronic excited-state levels, followed by shuttling of the sample into a custom-built NMR setup and by subsequent 13C detection. A nuclear polarization of ~0.5% - equivalent to the 13C polarization achievable by thermal polarization at room temperature at fields of ~2000 T - was measured, and its bulk nature determined based on line shape and relaxation measurements. Positive and negative enhanced polarizations were obtained, with a generally complex but predictable dependence on the magnetic field during optical pumping. Owing to its simplicity, this 13C room-temperature polarizing strategy provides a promising new addition to existing nuclear hyperpolarization techniques.
description: Main text: 6 pages, 3 figures. Supplementary: 7 pages, 4 figures
Two new common, previously unrecognized species in the Sticta weigelii morphodeme (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae)
Creators: name: Moncada, Bibiana
name: Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.
name: Smith, Clifford W.
name: Bungartz, Frank
name: Sérusiaux, Emmanuël
name: Lumbsch, H. Thorsten
name: Lücking, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ascomycota
subject: Azores
subject: Hawaii
subject: Neotropics
subject: Peltigeraceae
subject: Sticta
subject: Sticta weigelii
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen

description: Sticta is a subcosmopolitan genus most diverse in the tropics. Traditionally, many taxa were considered to be widespread and morphologically variable, following broadly circumscribed morphodemes. Among these is the S. weigelii morphodeme, characterized by a cyanobacterial photobiont and rather narrow, flabellate to truncate or tapering lobes producing predominantly marginal isidia. Molecular phylogenetic analyses focusing on the ITS fungal barcoding marker revealed that this morphodeme represents several species, some of which are only distantly related to each other. Here we describe two species and one subspecies of this morphodeme as new to science, based on analysis of 400 specimens, for 344 of which we generated ITS barcoding data. The two new species, S. andina and S. scabrosa, are broadly distributed in the Neotropics and also found in Hawaii, where the latter is represented by the new subspecies, S. scabrosa subsp. hawaiiensis; in the case of S. andina, the species is also found in the Azores. Sticta andina exhibits high phenotypic variation and reticulate genetic diversification, whereas the phenotypically rather uniform S. scabrosa contains two main haplotypes, one restricted to Hawaii. Sticta andina occurs in well-preserved montane to andine forests and paramos, whereas the two subspecies of S. scabrosa are found in tropical lowland to lower montane forests, tolerating disturbance and extending into anthropogenic habitats.
On-shell recursion for massive fermion currents
Creators: name: Britto, Ruth
name: Ochirov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the validity of BCFW recursion relations for currents of n - 2 gluons and two massive quarks, where one of the quarks is off shell and the remaining particles are on shell. These currents are gauge-dependent and can be used as ingredients in the unitarity-based approach to computing one-loop amplitudes. The validity of BCFW recursion relations is well known to depend on the so-called boundary behavior of the currents as the momentum shift parameter goes to infinity. With off-shell currents, a new potential problem arises, namely unphysical poles that depend on the choice of gauge. We identify conditions under which boundary terms are absent and unphysical poles are avoided, so that there is a natural recursion relation. In particular, we are able to choose a gauge in which we construct a valid shift for currents with at least n - 3 gluons of the same helicity. We derive an analytic formula in the case where all gluons have the same helicity. As by-products, we prove the vanishing boundary behavior of general off-shell objects in Feynman gauge, and we find a compact generalization of Berends-Giele gluon currents with a generic reference spinor.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures; v2 minor corrections, journal version
Ultrafast Optically Induced Ferromagnetic State in an Elemental Antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Golias, Evangelos
name: Kumberg, Ivar
name: Gelen, Ismet
name: Thakur, Sangeeta
name: Gördes, Jendrik
name: Hosseinifar, Rahil
name: Guillet, Quentin
name: Sharma, S.
name: Schüßler-Langeheine, C.
name: Kuch, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ultrafast magnetization dynamics
subject: Metals
subject: X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We present evidence for an ultrafast optically induced ferromagnetic alignment of antiferromagnetic Mn in Co/Mn multilayers. We observe the transient ferromagnetic signal at the arrival of the pump pulse at the Mn L-3 resonance using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in reflectivity. The timescale of the effect is comparable to the duration of the excitation and occurs before the magnetization in Co is quenched. Theoretical calculations point to the imbalanced population of Mn unoccupied states caused by the Co interface for the emergence of this transient ferromagnetic state.
Multiplicities in Au-Au and Cu-Cu collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4 and 200 GeV
Creators: name: Prorok, Dariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Likelihood ratio tests are performed for the hypothesis that charged-particle multiplicities measured in Au-Au and Cu-Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$ and 200 GeV are distributed according to the negative binomial form. Results suggest that the hypothesis should be rejected in the all classes of collision systems and centralities of PHENIX-RHIC measurements. However, the application of the least-squares test statistic with systematic errors included shows that for the collision system Au-Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4$ GeV the hypothesis could not be rejected in general.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, 8 tables, inference from the least-squares test statistic has been improved, conclusions changed, to appear in Phys. Rev. C. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1101.0787
Different solutions lead to similar life history traits across the great divides of the amniote tree of life
Creators: name: Meiri, Shai
name: Murali, Gopal
name: Zimin, Anna
name: Shak, Lior
name: Itescu, Yuval
name: Caetano, Gabriel
name: Roll, Uri
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Amniotes
subject: Aves
subject: Breeding frequency
subject: Cleidoic egg
subject: Clutch size
subject: Ectothermy
subject: Endothermy
subject: Litter size
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Amniote vertebrates share a suite of extra-embryonic membranes that distinguish them from anamniotes. Other than that, however, their reproductive characteristics could not be more different. They differ in basic ectothermic vs endothermic physiology, in that two clades evolved powered flight, and one clade evolved a protective shell. In terms of reproductive strategies, some produce eggs and others give birth to live young, at various degrees of development. Crucially, endotherms provide lengthy parental care, including thermal and food provisioning-whereas ectotherms seldom do. These differences could be expected to manifest themselves in major differences between clades in quantitative reproductive traits. We review the reproductive characteristics, and the distributions of brood sizes, breeding frequencies, offspring sizes and their derivatives (yearly fecundity and biomass production rates) of the four major amniote clades (mammals, birds, turtles and squamates), and several major subclades (birds: Palaeognathae, Galloanserae, Neoaves; mammals: Metatheria and Eutheria). While there are differences between these clades in some of these traits, they generally show similar ranges, distribution shapes and central tendencies across birds, placental mammals and squamates. Marsupials and turtles, however, differ in having smaller offspring, a strategy which subsequently influences other traits.
Conspectus Revisited - Bestandesentwicklung Über Conspectusvergabe Auf Exemplarniveau
Creators: name: Lutterer, Wolfram
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: wln conspectus
library

description: Der Vortrag beschreibt ein zwölfjähriges Projekt an der ZHB Luzern, bei dem eine Adaption des WLN-Conspectus auf Exemplarniveau vergeben wurde. Vorgestellt werden die Ergebnisse aus einer Auswertung von rund 200'000 Datensätzen
Emergent Universe Scenario via Quintom Matter
Creators: name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Li, Mingzhe
name: Zhang, Xinmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergent universe scenario provides a possible alternative to bouncing cosmology to avoid the Big Bang singularity problem. In this paper we study the realization of the emergent universe scenario by making use of Quintom matter with an equation of state across the cosmological constant boundary. We will show explicitly the analytic and numerical solutions of emergent universe in two Quintom models, which are a phenomenological fluid and a nonconventional spinor field, respectively.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Comments are welcome
Modelling the effect of feeding management on greenhouse gas and nitrogen emissions in cattle farming systems
Creators: name: Ouatahar, Latifa
name: Bannink, André
name: Lanigan, Gary
name: Amon, Barbara
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Diet
subject: Downstream emissions
subject: Production system
subject: Dairy
subject: Beef
subject: Life cycle assessment
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Feed management decisions are an important element of managing greenhouse gas (GHG) and nitrogen (N) emissions in livestock farming systems. This review aims to a) discuss the impact of feed management practices on emissions in beef and dairy production systems and b) assess different modelling approaches used for quantifying the impact of these abatement measures at different stages of the feed and manure management chain. Statistical and empirical models are well-suited for practical applications when evaluating mitigation strategies, such as GHG calculator tools for farmers and for inventory purposes. Process-based simulation models are more likely to provide insights into the impact of biotic and abiotic drivers on GHG and N emissions. These models are based on equations which mathematically describe processes such as fermentation, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, denitrification, etc. and require a greater number of input parameters. Ultimately, the modelling approach used will be determined by a) the activity input data available, b) the temporal and spatial resolution required and c) the suite of emissions being studied. Simulation models are likely candidates to be able to better explain variation in on-farm GHG and N emissions, and predict with a higher accuracy for a specific mitigation measure under defined farming conditions, due to the fact that they better represent the underlying mechanisms causal for emissions. Integrated farm system models often make use of rather generic values or empirical models to quantify individual emissions sources, whereas combining a whole set of process-based models (or their results) that simulates the variation in GHG and N emissions and the associated whole farm budget has not been used. The latter represents a valuable approach to delineate underlying processes and their drivers within the system and to evaluate the integral effect on GHG emissions with different mitigation options.
Studies in Astronomical Time Series Analysis. VI. Bayesian Block Representations
Creators: name: Scargle, Jeffrey D.
name: Norris, Jay P.
name: Jackson, Brad
name: Chiang, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3

description: This paper addresses the problem of detecting and characterizing local variability in time series and other forms of sequential data. The goal is to identify and characterize statistically significant variations, at the same time suppressing the inevitable corrupting observational errors. We present a simple nonparametric modeling technique and an algorithm implementing it - an improved and generalized version of Bayesian Blocks (Scargle 1998) - that finds the optimal segmentation of the data in the observation interval. The structure of the algorithm allows it to be used in either a real-time trigger mode, or a retrospective mode. Maximum likelihood or marginal posterior functions to measure model fitness are presented for events, binned counts, and measurements at arbitrary times with known error distributions. Problems addressed include those connected with data gaps, variable exposure, extension to piecewise linear and piecewise exponential representations, multi-variate time series data, analysis of variance, data on the circle, other data modes, and dispersed data. Simulations provide evidence that the detection efficiency for weak signals is close to a theoretical asymptotic limit derived by (Arias-Castro, Donoho and Huo 2003). In the spirit of Reproducible Research (Donoho et al. 2008) all of the code and data necessary to reproduce all of the figures in this paper are included as auxiliary material.
description: Added some missing script files and updated other ancillary data (code and data files). To be submitted to the Astophysical Journal
Global 21cm signal experiments: A designer's guide
Creators: name: Liu, Adrian
name: Pritchard, Jonathan R.
name: Tegmark, Max
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] The spatially averaged global spectrum of the redshifted 21cm line has generated much experimental interest, for it is potentially a direct probe of the Epoch of Reionization and the Dark Ages. Since the cosmological signal here has a purely spectral signature, most proposed experiments have little angular sensitivity. This is worrisome because with only spectra, the global 21cm signal can be difficult to distinguish from foregrounds such as Galactic synchrotron radiation, as both are spectrally smooth and the latter is orders of magnitude brighter. We establish a mathematical framework for global signal data analysis in a way that removes foregrounds optimally, complementing spectra with angular information. We explore various experimental design trade-offs, and find that 1) with spectral-only methods, it is impossible to mitigate errors that arise from uncertainties in foreground modeling; 2) foreground contamination can be significantly reduced for experiments with fine angular resolution; 3) most of the statistical significance in a positive detection during the Dark Ages comes from a characteristic high-redshift trough in the 21cm brightness temperature; and 4) Measurement errors decrease more rapidly with integration time for instruments with fine angular resolution. We show that if observations and algorithms are optimized based on these findings, an instrument with a 5 degree beam can achieve highly significant detections (greater than 5-sigma) of even extended (high Delta-z) reionization scenarios after integrating for 500 hrs. This is in contrast to instruments without angular resolution, which cannot detect gradual reionization. Abrupt ionization histories can be detected at the level of 10-100's of sigma. The expected errors are also low during the Dark Ages, with a 25-sigma detection of the expected cosmological signal after only 100 hrs of integration.
description: 34 pages, 30 figures. Replaced (v2) to match accepted PRD version (minor pedagogical additions to text; methods, results, and conclusions unchanged). Fixed two typos (v3); text, results, conclusions etc. completely unchanged
Zosterodasys minutus Gong et al. 2007
Creators: name: Vďačný, Peter
name: Tirjaková, Eva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Protozoa
Ciliophora
Nassophorea
Synhymeniida
Orthodonellidae
Zosterodasys
Zosterodasys minutus

description: Zosterodasys minutus Gong et al., 2007
(Figs 8 A–F, I)
 Chilodontopsis vorax (?) – Burkovsky 1970a: 54, fig. 9; Burkovsky 1970b: 187 (very likely a distinct species; see remarks). Zosterodasys minuta Gong et al., 2007: 307, figs 38–52.
 Diagnosis. Size about 50–100 × 20–40 µm in vivo. Body shape obovate with left margin anteriorly indistinctly projecting. Macronucleus ellipsoidal to bowknot-shaped with three comparatively large (4–10 µm) globular micronuclei. Many scattered contractile vacuoles. About 34–55 ciliary rows; ventral kineties form a suture in meridional and posterior body half. Synhymenium completely encircles body. On average 11 (10–12) nematodesmal rods. Marine.
 Type locality. Intertidal muddy sediments of Ganghwa Island, Incheon, Korea, E126°32' N37°35'.
 Type material. One holotype slide with protargol-impregnated specimens was deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK (registration number 2007:03:09:3). One paratype slide with protargol-impregnated specimens was deposited in the Regional Research Center for Coast Environments of Yellow Sea, Inha University, Incheon, Korea (registration number G 06052003).
 Etymology. The Latin adjective minut · us, - a, - um ([m, f, n]; minute) refers to the small size of the species.
 Remarks. Under the Articles 30.2.4, 31.2 and 34.2 of the ICZN (1999) we mandatorily change the species group-name from minuta to minutus because Zosterodasys is masculine gender. Zosterodasys minutus is outstanding among marine congeners in having a suture formed by the ventral ciliary rows in the meridional and posterior body half. This peculiar feature was also found in the marine “ Chilodontopsis vorax (?)” of Burkovsky (1970a). However, Burkovsky’s species is much larger (130–160 × 46–50 µm vs. 50–100 × 20–40 µm) and has a higher number of the ciliary rows (50–80 vs. 34–55) as well as of the nematodesmal rods (16–18 vs. 10–12). Further, it displays only a single micronucleus with a size of 6 × 4 µm (vs. three micronuclei 4–10 µm in diameter).
 Thus, Burkovsky’s species, which was found in the Kandalakša [Kandalaksha] Gulf in the White Sea, very likely represents a distinct species and is therefore not incorporated into the diagnosis of Z. minutus.
description: Published as part of Vďačný, Peter & Tirjaková, Eva, 2012, Taxonomic revision of the ciliate genus Zosterodasys Deroux, 1978 (Protista: Ciliophora: Synhymeniida), pp. 34-58 in Zootaxa 3345 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281497
Rb optical resonance inside a random porous medium
Creators: name: Villalba, S.
name: Failache, H.
name: Laliotis, A.
name: Lenci, L.
name: Barreiro, S.
name: Lezama, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied resonant laser interaction with Rb atoms confined to the interstitial cavities of a random porous glass. Due to diffusive light propagation, the effect of atomic absorption on the light scattered by the sample is almost entirely compensated by atomic fluorescence at low atomic densities. For higher densities, radiation trapping increases the probability of non-radiative decay via atom-wall collisions. A simple connection of the fluorescence/absorption yield to the sample porosity is given.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures and supplemental material
Giant gravitons and correlators
Creators: name: Lin, Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate non-extremal correlators of Schur polynomials and single trace operators. We analyse their dual descriptions from the approach of the variation of DBI and WZ actions of the giant gravitons. We show a regularization procedure under which the extremal correlators of Schur polynomials and single trace operators match exactly with string theory computation. Other aspects of the extremal and non-extremal correlators are also discussed.
description: 18 pages; jhep version
Geographical distribution of fertility rates in 70 low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries, 2010–16: a subnational analysis of cross-sectional surveys
Creators: name: Pezzulo, Carla
name: Nilsen, Kristine
name: Carioli, Alessandra
name: Tejedor-Garavito, Natalia
name: Hanspal, Sophie E.
name: Hilber, Theodor
name: James, William H. M.
name: Ruktanonchai, Corrine W.
name: Alegana, Victor
name: Sorichetta, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: age-specific fertility rates
subject: total fertility rates
subject: fertility determinants
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background Understanding subnational variation in age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) and total fertility rates (TFRs), and geographical clustering of high fertility and its determinants in low-income and middle-income countries, is increasingly needed for geographical targeting and prioritising of policy. We aimed to identify variation in fertility rates, to describe patterns of key selected fertility determinants in areas of high fertility. Methods We did a subnational analysis of ASFRs and TFRs from the most recent publicly available and nationally representative cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys collected between 2010 and 2016 for 70 low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries, across 932 administrative units. We assessed the degree of global spatial autocorrelation by using Moran's I statistic and did a spatial cluster analysis using the Getis-Ord Gi* local statistic to examine the geographical clustering of fertility and key selected fertility determinants. Descriptive analysis was used to investigate the distribution of ASFRs and of selected determinants in each cluster. Findings TFR varied from below replacement (2·1 children per women) in 36 of the 932 subnational regions (mainly located in India, Myanmar, Colombia, and Armenia), to rates of 8 and higher in 14 subnational regions, located in sub-Saharan Africa and Afghanistan. Areas with high-fertility clusters were mostly associated with areas of low prevalence of women with secondary or higher education, low use of contraception, and high unmet needs for family planning, although exceptions existed. Interpretation Substantial within-country variation in the distribution of fertility rates highlights the need for tailored programmes and strategies in high-fertility cluster areas to increase the use of contraception and access to secondary education, and to reduce unmet need for family planning.
Humanisme et culture géographique à l'époque du concile de Constance autour de Guillaume Fillastre. Actes du Colloque de l'Université de Reims 18–19 nov. 1999, hg. von D. Marcotte, 2002
Creators: name: Müller, Heribert
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 31 Nr. 1 (2004)
Retrospective evaluation of vector-borne pathogens in cats living in Germany (2012-2020)
Creators: name: Schäfer, Ingo
name: Kohn, Barbara
name: Volkmann, Maria
name: Müller, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Arthropod-transmitted infections
subject: Feline
subject: Laboratory diagnostics
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background:Blood-feeding arthropods can transmit parasitic, bacterial, or viral pathogens to domestic animals and wildlife. Vector-borne infections are gaining significance because of increasing travel and import of pets from abroad as well as the changing climate in Europe. The main objective of this study was to assess the percentage of cats with positive test results for selected vector-borne pathogens in Germany and explore any possible association of such results with time spent abroad. Methods: This retrospective study included test results from cats included in the "Feline Travel Profile" established by the LABOKLIN laboratory at the request of veterinarians in Germany between April 2012 and March 2020. This diagnostic panel includes the direct detection of Hepatozoon spp. and Dirofilaria spp. via PCR as well as indirect detection assays (IFAT) for Ehrlichia spp. and Leishmania spp. The panel was expanded to include an IFAT for Rickettsia spp. from July 2015 onwards. Results: A total of 624 cats were tested using the "Feline Travel Profile." Serum for indirect detection assays was available for all 624 cats; EDTA samples for direct detection methods were available from 618 cats. Positive test results were as follows: Ehrlichia spp. IFAT 73 out of 624 (12%), Leishmania spp. IFAT 22 out of 624 (4%), Hepatozoon spp. PCR 53 out of 618 (9%), Dirofilaria spp. PCR 1 out of 618 cats (0.2%), and Rickettsia spp. IFAT 52 out of 467 cats (11%) tested from July 2015 onwards. Three cats had positive test results for more than one pathogen before 2015. After testing for Rickettsia spp. was included in 2015, 19 cats had positive test results for more than one pathogen (Rickettsia spp. were involved in 14 out of these 19 cats). Conclusions: At least one pathogen could be detected in 175 out of 624 cats (28%) via indirect and/or direct detection methods. Four percent had positive test results for more than one pathogen. These data emphasize the importance of considering the above-mentioned vector-borne infections as potential differential diagnoses in clinically symptomatic cats.
Marcello Angheben, Pierre Martin, Éric Sparhubert (éd.), Regards croisés sur le monument médiéval. Mélanges offerts à Claude Andrault-Schmitt, Turnhout (Brepols) 2018
Creators: name: Sapin, Christian
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2019

description: Marcello Angheben, Pierre Martin, Éric Sparhubert (éd.), Regards croisés sur le monument médiéval. Mélanges offerts à Claude Andrault-Schmitt, Turnhout (Brepols) 2018, 522 p., 120 ill. en n/b, 60 ill. en coul. (Culture et société médiévales, 33), ISBN 978-2-503-55574-4, EUR 100,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2019/2
125 GeV Higgs from a not so light Technicolor Scalar
Creators: name: Foadi, Roshan
name: Frandsen, Mads T.
name: Sannino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that the observed Higgs-like resonance at the Large Hadron Collider is a technicolor isosinglet scalar (the technicolor Higgs), we argue that the standard model top-induced radiative corrections reduce its dynamical mass towards the desired experimental value. We then discuss conditions for the spectrum of technicolor theories to feature a technicolor Higgs with the phenomenologically required dynamical mass. We use scaling laws coming from modifying the technicolor matter representation, number of technicolors, techniflavors as well as the number of doublets gauged under the electroweak theory. Finally we briefly summarize the potential effects of walking dynamics on the technicolor Higgs.
description: ReVTex, 15 pages, 3 figures. Version to match the published one
Trilateral Relationship: Ascaris, Microbiota, and Host Cells
Creators: name: Midha, Ankur
name: Ebner, Friederike
name: Schlosser-Brandenburg, Josephine
name: Rausch, Sebastian
name: Hartmann, Susanne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: microbiota
subject: helminth
subject: Ascaris
subject: host-parasite interactions
subject: nematode
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Ascariasis is a globally spread intestinal nematode infection of humans and a considerable concern in pig husbandry. Ascaris accomplishes a complex body migration from the intestine via the liver and lung before returning to the intestine. Tissue migration and the habitat shared with a complex microbial community pose the question of how the nematode interacts with microbes and host cells from various tissues. This review addresses the current knowledge of the trilateral relationship between Ascaris, its microbial environment, and host cells, and discusses novel approaches targeting these interactions to combat this widespread infection of livestock and man.
High-Spin Imido Cobalt Complexes with Imidyl Radical Character
Creators: name: Reckziegel, Alexander
name: Kour, Manjinder
name: Battistella, Beatrice
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Beuthert, Katrin
name: Berger, Robert
name: Werncke, C. Gunnar
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: C-H bond activation
subject: cobalt
subject: imido
subject: quantum chemical calculations
subject: spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We report on the synthesis of a variety of trigonal imido cobalt complexes [Co(NAryl)L2]−, (L=N(Dipp)SiMe3), Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with very long Co−NAryl bonds of around 1.75 Å. Their electronic structure was interrogated using a variety of physical and spectroscopic methods such as EPR or X-Ray absorption spectroscopy which leads to their description as highly unusual imidyl cobalt complexes. Computational analyses corroborate these findings and further reveal that the high-spin state is responsible for the imidyl character. Exchange of the Dipp substituent on the imide by the smaller mesityl function (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) effectuates the unexpected Me3Si shift from the ancillary ligand set to the imidyl nitrogen, revealing a highly reactive, nucleophilic character of the imidyl unit.
Claude Gauvard, Condamner à mort au Moyen Âge. Pratiques de la peine capitale en France XIIIe–XVe siècle, Paris (Presses universitaires de France) 2018
Creators: name: Toureille, Valérie
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2019

description: Claude Gauvard, Condamner à mort au Moyen Âge. Pratiques de la peine capitale en France XIIIe–XVe siècle, Paris (Presses universitaires de France) 2018, 361 p., 9 fig., ISBN 978-2-13-054038-0, EUR 24,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2019/2
Questes, Le Bathyscaphe d’Alexandre. L’homme et la mer au Moyen Âge, Paris (Vendémiaire) 2018
Creators: name: Malbos, Lucie
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2019

description: Questes, Le Bathyscaphe d’Alexandre. L’homme et la mer au Moyen Âge, Paris (Vendémiaire) 2018, 213 p., 8 p. de pl. en coul. (Chroniques), ISBN 978-2-36358-312-3, EUR 21,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2019/2
Anisotropic quantum quench in the presence of frustration or background gauge fields: A probe of bulk currents and topological chiral edge modes
Creators: name: Killi, Matthew
name: Trotzky, Stefan
name: Paramekanti, Arun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bosons and fermions, in the presence of frustration or background gauge fields, can form manybody ground states that support equilibrium 'charge' or 'spin' currents. Motivated by the experimental creation of frustration or artificial gauge fields in ultracold atomic systems, we propose a general scheme by which making a sudden anisotropic quench of the atom tunneling across the lattice and tracking the ensuing density modulations provides a powerful and gauge invariant route to visualizing diverse equilibrium current patterns. Using illustrative examples of trapped superfluid Bose and normal Fermi systems in the presence of artificial magnetic fluxes on square lattices, and frustrated bosons in a triangular lattice, we show that this scheme to probe equilibrium bulk current order works independent of particle statistics. We also show that such quenches can detect chiral edge currents in gapped topological states, such as quantum Hall or quantum spin Hall insulators.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Minor Revisions. To appear in Phys. Rev. A