cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Opposition Effect of the Asteroid 4 Vesta
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Sunao
name: Miyasaka, Seidai
name: Tokimasa, Noritaka
name: Sogame, Akito
name: Ibrahimov, Mansur A.
name: Yoshida, Fumi
name: Ozaki, Shinobu
name: Abe, Masanao
name: Ishiguro, Masateru
name: Kuroda, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of photometric observations carried out with four small telescopes of the asteroid 4 Vesta in the $B$, $R_{\rm C}$, and $z'$ bands at a minimum phase angle of 0.1 $\timeform{D}$. The magnitudes, reduced to unit distance and zero phase angle, were $M_{B}(1, 1, 0) = 3.83 \pm 0.01, M_{R_{\rm C}}(1, 1, 0) = 2.67 \pm 0.01$, and $M_{z'}(1, 1, 0) = 3.03 \pm 0.01$ mag. The absolute magnitude obtained from the IAU $H$--$G$ function is $\sim$0.1 mag darker than the magnitude at a phase angle of 0$\timeform{D}$ determined from the Shevchenko function and Hapke models with the coherent backscattering effect term. Our photometric measurements allowed us to derive geometric albedos of 0.35 in the $B$ band, 0.41 in the $R_{\rm C}$ band, and 0.31 in the $z'$ bands by using the Hapke model with the coherent backscattering effect term. Using the Hapke model, the porosity of the optically active regolith on Vesta was estimated to be $ρ$ = 0.4--0.7, yielding the bluk density of 0.9--2.0 $\times$ $10^3$ kg $\mathrm{m^{-3}}$. It is evident that the opposition effect for Vesta makes a contribution to not only the shadow-hiding effect, but also the coherent backscattering effect that appears from ca. $1\timeform{D}$. The amplitude of the coherent backscatter opposition effect for Vesta increases with a brightening of reflectance. By comparison with other solar system bodies, we suggest that multiple-scattering on an optically active scale may contribute to the amplitude of the coherent backscatter opposition effect ($B_{C0}$).
description: 31 pages, 13 figures, and 6 tables, accepted for publication in PASJ
Natural allelic variation underlying a major fitness trade-off in Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Huang, Yu
name: Dangl, Jeffery L.
name: Sureshkumar, Sridevi
name: Bergelson, Joy
name: Borevitz, Justin O.
name: Hu, Tina T.
name: Nordborg, Magnus
name: Laitinen, Roosa A. E.
name: Lanz, Christa
name: Kuhns, Christine
name: Lipka, Volker
name: Todesco, Marco
name: Schwartz, Christopher
name: Horton, Matthew
name: Traw, M. Brian
name: Epple, Petra
name: Chory, Joanne
name: Weigel, Detlef
name: Balasubramanian, Sureshkumar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Plants can defend themselves against a wide array of enemies, yet one of the most striking observations is the variability in the effectiveness of such defences, both within and between species. Some of this variation can be explained by conflicting pressures from pathogens with different modes of attack1. A second explanation comes from an evolutionary tug of war, in which pathogens adapt to evade detection, until the plant has evolved new recognition capabilities for pathogen invasion2-5. If selection is, however, sufficiently strong, susceptible hosts should remain rare. That this is not the case is best justified by costs incurred from constitutive defences in a pest free environment6-11. Using a combination of forward genetics and genome-wide association analyses, we demonstrate that allelic diversity at a single locus, ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6)12,13, underpins dramatic pleiotropic differences in both vegetative growth and resistance to microbial infection and herbivory among natural Arabidopsis thaliana strains. A hyperactive ACD6 allele, compared to the reference allele, strongly enhances resistance to a broad range of pathogens from different phyla, but at the same time slows the production of new leaves and greatly reduces the biomass of mature leaves. This allele segregates at intermediate frequency both throughout the worldwide range of A. thaliana and within local populations, consistent with this allele providing substantial fitness benefits despite its drastic impact on growth.
Monitoring aquatic invertebrates and waterbirds at Toolibin and Walbyring Lakes in the Western Australian wheatbelt
Creators: name: Halse, S. A
name: Pearson, G. B
name: McRae, J. M
name: Shiel, R. J
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

Toolibin and Walbyring Lakes are adjacent wetlands in the Western Australian wheatbelt, a region with widespread secondary salinization. Salinity of water in Toolibin has increased in recent years and a Recovery Plan is being implemented to reduce salt loads; Walbyring is also threatened by salinization. As part of a monitoring program to evaluate success of recovery actions, waterbirds and aquatic invertebrates were sampled at both wetlands in December 1999. Toolibin Lake had the richer waterbird community, while Walbyring Lake contained more invertebrate species. Results suggested that gross changes in wetland communities can be detected by monitoring based on an annual waterbird survey and a pair of invertebrate samples collected with 110 µm and 250 µm-mesh pondnets. Comparison of waterbird data from Toolibin in 1996 with earlier surveys showed increases in salinity to 1996 affected occurrence of only a few species. Comparison of invertebrate data from both wetlands in 1996 with surveys in 1992 provided little evidence that increased salinities affected invertebrates, other than water mites. It is suggested that the freshwater fauna of the wheatbelt is comparatively salt-tolerant and substantial changes in community composition will be seen only when salinities exceed 10 000 mg L-1.
Improved Reduced Models for Single-Pass and Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
Creators: name: Dúill, Seán P. Ó
name: Barry, Liam P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present highly accurate and easy to implement, improved lumped semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) models for both single-pass and reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOA). The key feature of the model is the inclusion of the internal losses and we show that a few subdivisions are required to achieve an accuracy of 0.12 dB. For the case of RSOAs, we generalize a recently published model to account for the internal losses that are vital to replicate observed RSOA behavior. The results of the improved reduced RSOA model show large overlap when compared to a full bidirectional travelling wave model over a 40 dB dynamic range of input powers and a 20 dB dynamic range of reflectivity values. The models would be useful for the rapid system simulation of signals in communication systems, i.e. passive optical networks that employ RSOAs, signal processing using SOAs and for implementing digital back propagation to undo amplifier induced signal distortions.
description: 4 Pages
Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new enzyme inhibitors
Creators: name: Smaldone, Gerardina
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CHIM/08 CHIMICA FARMACEUTICA
subject: Design
subject: Synthesis
subject: Inhibitors

description: 2021 - 2022
description: My PhD research plan relates to the exploration of the structural requirements for the modulation of enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of viral infections and inflammatory disorders. The first part of my doctoral project focused on the study of viral targets, particularly the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19 that caused not only the biggest health crisis in the last century but also an unrecoverable socio-economic collapse. Despite all the efforts, addressed to build an efficient vaccine campaign, the virus spread is still ongoing and the challenge is still open. So, in the first chapter of this PhD thesis I report a step-by-step in silico design of a library of peptidomimetic compounds able to inhibit Mpro: the synthesized derivatives were screened by enzymatic assays, conducted on different viral targets, and, then, cellular activity was evaluated using Vero cells based viral infection model, leading to the identification of a dual inhibitor (29) of the two proteases of SARS-CoV-2, the main protease (Mpro) and the papain-like protease (PLpro). Subsequently, in vitro studies of a second series of molecules, designed from the most potent derivative of the first series, led to the identification of a new hit compound (51) characterized by high inhibitory potency against Mpro, as well as remarkable antiviral activity against several variants of SARS-CoV-2. Metabolic pathways involving arachidonic acid (AA) play key roles in cardiovascular physiology, carcinogenesis, and in many inflammatory diseases such as asthma or arthritis, so the second chapter of this PhD thesis focuses on the study of two enzymatic targets involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid: the 5-lipoxigenase and the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). In vitro and in vivo characterization of a first series of indoline scaffold derivatives led to the identification of a dual inhibitor of the two enzymes (73), while additional assays conducted on successive series of compounds designed as selective inhibitors of the enzyme sEH, led to the identification of an indole derivative (110) as a selective inhibitor of epoxide hydrolase, paving the way for further investigation as well as optimization of a new series of analogues.[edited by Author]
Induced Core Formation Time in Subcritical Magnetic Clouds by Large-Scale Trans-Alfvénic Flows
Creators: name: Kudoh, Takahiro
name: Basu, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We clarify the mechanism of accelerated core formation by large-scale nonlinear flows in subcritical magnetic clouds by finding a semi-analytical formula for the core formation time and describing the physical processes that lead to them. Recent numerical simulations show that nonlinear flows induce rapid ambipolar diffusion that leads to localized supercritical regions that can collapse. Here, we employ non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations including ambipolar diffusion for gravitationally stratified sheets threaded by vertical magnetic fields. One of the horizontal dimensions is eliminated, resulting in a simpler two-dimensional simulation that can clarify the basic process of accelerated core formation. A parameter study of simulations shows that the core formation time is inversely proportional to the square of the flow speed when the flow speed is greater than the Alfvén speed. We find a semi-analytical formula that explains this numerical result. The formula also predicts that the core formation time is about three times shorter than that with no turbulence, when the turbulent speed is comparable to the Alfvén speed.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
A parsec-resolution simulation of the Antennae galaxies: Formation of star clusters during the merger
Creators: name: Renaud, Florent
name: Bournaud, Frédéric
name: Duc, Pierre-Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a hydrodynamical simulation of an Antennae-like galaxy merger at parsec resolution, including a multi-component model for stellar feedback and reaching numerical convergence in the global star formation rate for the first time. We analyse the properties of the dense stellar objects formed during the different stages of the interaction. Each galactic encounter triggers a starburst activity, but the varying physical conditions change the triggering mechanism of each starburst. During the first two pericenter passages, the starburst is spatially extended and forms many star clusters. However, the starburst associated to the third, final passage is more centrally concentrated: stars form almost exclusively in the galactic nucleus and no new star cluster is formed. The maximum mass of stars clusters in this merger is more than 30 times higher than those in a simulation of an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy. Antennae-like mergers are therefore a formation channel of young massive clusters possibly leading to globular clusters. Monitoring the evolution of a few clusters reveals the diversity of formation scenarios including the gathering and merger of gas clumps, the monolithic formation and the hierarchical formation in sub-structures inside a single cloud. Two stellar objects formed in the simulation yield the same properties as ultra-compact dwarf galaxies. They share the same formation scenario than the most massive clusters, but have a larger radius either since birth, or get it after a violent interaction with the galactic center. The diversity of environments across space and time in a galaxy merger can account for the diversity of the stellar objects formed, both in terms of mass and size.
description: MNRAS accepted. Movies available here: http://personal.ph.surrey.ac.uk/~fr0005/movies.php
Pannexin 1 channels mediate ‘find-me’ signal release and membrane permeability during apoptosis
Creators: name: Kinchen, Jason M.
name: Bayliss, Douglas A.
name: Salvesen, Guy S.
name: Chekeni, Faraaz B.
name: Armstrong, Allison J.
name: Laird, Dale W.
name: Ravichandran, Kodi S.
name: Penuela, Silvia
name: Walk, Scott F.
name: Elliott, Michael R.
name: Sandilos, Joanna K.
name: Lazarowski, Eduardo R.
name: Isakson, Brant E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Apoptotic cells release ‘find-me’ signals at the earliest stages of death to recruit phagocytes1. The nucleotides ATP and UTP represent one class of find-me signals2, but their mechanism of release is not known. Here, we identify the plasma membrane channel pannexin 1 (PANX1) as a mediator of find-me signal/nucleotide release from apoptotic cells. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PANX1 led to decreased nucleotide release and monocyte recruitment by apoptotic cells. Conversely, PANX1 over-expression enhanced nucleotide release from apoptotic cells and phagocyte recruitment. Patch-clamp recordings showed that PANX1 was basally inactive, and that induction of PANX1 currents occurred only during apoptosis. Mechanistically, PANX1 itself was a target of effector caspases (caspases 3 and 7), and a specific caspase-cleavage site within PANX1 was essential for PANX1 function during apoptosis. Expression of truncated PANX1 (at the putative caspase cleavage site) resulted in a constitutively open channel. PANX1 was also important for the ‘selective’ plasma membrane permeability of early apoptotic cells to specific dyes3. Collectively, these data identify PANX1 as a plasma membrane channel mediating the regulated release of find-me signals and selective plasma membrane permeability during apoptosis, and a new mechanism of PANX1 activation by caspases.
Guidelines for Improving the Quality Services to Satisfy Users of Shuttle Service for Employees in Bangpoo Industrial Estate
Creators: name: Sittiphat Chuntree
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion
Year: 2023
Subjects: Satisfaction
Service Users
Employees in Bangpoo Industrial Estate
Service Quality

description: Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 3, 3, 645-656
Spin-lattice coupling induced weak dynamical magnetism in EuTiO_3 at high temperatures
Creators: name: Guguchia, Z.
name: Keller, H.
name: Kremer, R. K.
name: Kohler, J.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Goko, T.
name: Amato, A.
name: Bussmann-Holder, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: EuTiO_3, which is a G-type antiferromagnet below T_N = 5.5 K, has some fascinating properties at high temperatures, suggesting that macroscopically hidden dynamically fluctuating weak magnetism exists at high temperatures. This conjecture is substantiated by magnetic field dependent magnetization measurements, which exhibit pronounced anomalies below 200 K becoming more distinctive with increasing magnetic field strength. Additional results from muon spin rotation ($μ$SR) experiments provide evidence for weak fluctuating bulk magnetism induced by spin-lattice coupling which is strongly supported in increasing magnetic field.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Role of Tet proteins in 5mC to 5hmC conversion, ES-cell self-renewal and inner cell mass specification
Creators: name: Sowers, Lawrence C.
name: Ito, Shinsuke
name: Taranova, Olena V.
name: Hong, Kwonho
name: D’Alessio, Ana C.
name: Zhang, Yi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: DNA methylation is one of the best-characterized epigenetic modifications 1–4. While the enzymes that catalyze DNA methylation have been characterized, enzymes responsible for the reversal process have been elusive 5. A recent study indicates that the human Tet1 protein could catalyze the conversion of 5-methyl-C (5mC) of DNA to 5-hydroxyl-methyl-C (5hmC), raising the possibility that DNA demethylation may be a Tet1-mediated process 6. Here we extended this study by demonstrating that all three mouse Tet proteins can also catalyze a similar reaction. Interestingly, Tet1 plays an important role in mouse ES cell maintenance through maintaining the expression of Nanog in ES cells. Importantly, Tet1 knockdown-mediated down-regulation of Nanog correlated with its promoter methylation, supporting a role for Tet1 in regulating DNA methylation status. Furthermore, knockdown of Tet1 in preimplantation embryos resulted in a bias towards trophectoderm differentiation. Thus, our studies not only uncover the enzymatic activity of the Tet proteins, but also demonstrate a role for Tet1 in ES cell maintenance and ICM cell specification.
The roles of protein solubility, nonadditive protein expression and genetic imprinting in hybrid vigor
Creators: name: June, Viviana Mercedes
name: 0000-0001-5519-4971
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Heterosis
Hybrid vigor
Seed development
Imprinting
Hybrids
Parent-of-origin effect

description: Heterosis is a phenomenon in which offspring grow larger and stronger than either parent. Despite the widespread use of hybrid plants in agriculture, the underlying mechanism of heterosis has yet to be explained. Furthermore, there is a parent-of-origin effect on heterosis, where reciprocal hybrids show uneven levels of hybrid vigor. In my first project, I investigated the hypothesis that increased heterozygosity results in growth vigor through a decrease in protein aggregation by fractionating the proteome of intraspecific and interspecific Arabidopsis hybrids and using LC-MS to survey the proteome. I also used these experiments to evaluate nonadditive protein expression in these hybrids. I found that there is nonadditive expression of proteins related to stress response in Arabidopsis intraspecific hybrids and interspecific allotetraploids, and that there is minimal change to protein solubility in these plants, indicating that it is unlikely to be a major contributor to heterosis. In my second project, I employed cytoplasmic-nuclear substitution lines to investigate the contribution of the cytoplasmic genomes and genetic imprinting to the parent-of-origin effect on hybrid vigor. I used laser capture microdissection followed by RNA sequencing to identify changes in gene expression, as well as imprinted genes in the endosperm and embryo of reciprocal hybrids that differed in their cytoplasmic genomes or in their patterns of imprinting. I found that genetic imprinting, rather than the cytoplasmic genomes, is the primary contributor to the parent-of-origin effect in intraspecific Arabidopsis hybrids, with many genes differentially expressed between reciprocal hybrids with fixed cytoplasmic genomes, but very few differentially expressed genes when imprinting was fixed. Furthermore, I was able to identify imprinted genes using these hybrids, as well as established imprinted genes that lose biased expression in crosses between Col and C24.
Revolutionary Flight Vehicle Based on Leonardo da Vinci Aerial Screw: A Paradigm Shift in VTOL Technology
Creators: name: Prete, Austin Christopher
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Aerospace engineering
subject: Aerial
subject: daVinci
subject: Drone
subject: helictoper
subject: Rotor
subject: Screw

description: Aerial screws are rotors that consist of continuous large solidity single surface blades, which are able to provide significant thrust and control authority at increased power consumption when compared to traditional rotor blades. By leveraging a unique bound tip vortex, also observed in delta-wings, aerial screws are able to attain figure of merit values nearing 0.7 or higher, comparable to a modern rotorcraft. To prove the function of aerial screws, physical models were fabricated and flight tested. The primary objective of this paper is to explore the performance of a 6-in (0.152 m) diameter aerial screw and compare its performance with a 6-in (0.152 m) diameter traditional rotor, to demonstrate its feasibility in a quadrotor configuration and to show its efficiency as determined in the student designs from the 2019-2020 VFS student design competition.
The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers
Creators: name: Winckler, Wendy
name: Lawrence, Michael S.
name: Liefeld, Ted
name: Reich, Michael
name: Beroukhim, Rameen
name: Pinchback, Reid M.
name: Mermel, Craig H.
name: Cho, Yoon-Jae
name: Maher, Elizabeth
name: Loo, Alice
name: Yecies, Derek
name: Wei, Guo
name: Boehm, Jesse S.
name: Porter, Dale
name: Weir, Barbara A.
name: Tanaka, Kumiko E.
name: Hoffman, Carter
name: Donovan, Jerry
name: Mc Henry, Kevin T.
name: Raychaudhuri, Soumya
name: Bass, Adam J.
name: Signoretti, Sabina
name: Haery, Leila
name: Urashima, Mitsuyoshi
name: Kaye, Frederic J.
name: Chiang, Derek Y.
name: Gao, Qing
name: Ligon, Azra H.
name: Prensner, John
name: Dobson, Jennifer
name: Barretina, Jordi
name: Greulich, Heidi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: A powerful way to discover key genes playing causal roles in oncogenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alteration in human cancers. Here, we report high-resolution analyses of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) from 3131 cancer specimens, belonging largely to 26 histological types. We identify 158 regions of focal SCNA that are altered at significant frequency across multiple cancer types, of which 122 cannot be explained by the presence of a known cancer target gene located within these regions. Several gene families are enriched among these regions of focal SCNA, including the BCL2 family of apoptosis regulators and the NF-κB pathway. We show that cancer cells harboring amplifications surrounding the MCL1 and BCL2L1 anti-apoptotic genes depend upon expression of these genes for survival. Finally, we demonstrate that a large majority of SCNAs identified in individual cancer types are present in multiple cancer types.
Additional file 1 of Divergent Effects of Laser Irradiation on Ensembles of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Bulk and Nanodiamonds: Implications for Biosensing
Creators: name: Olivares-Postigo, Domingo
name: Gorrini, Federico
name: Bitonto, Valeria
name: Ackermann, Johannes
name: Giri, Rakshyakar
name: Krueger, Anke
name: Bifone, Angelo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: SEM, raman spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering of milled fluorescent nanodiamonds.
Towards building a chromosome segregation machine
Creators: name: Joglekar, Ajit
name: Bloom, Kerry
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: All organisms, from bacteria to humans, face the daunting task of replicating, packaging and segregating up to two metres (about 6 × 109 base pairs) of DNA when each cell divides. This task is carried out up to a trillion times during the development of a human from a single fertilized cell. The strategy by which DNA is replicated is now well understood. But when it comes to packaging and segregating a genome, the mechanisms are only beginning to be understood and are often as variable as the organisms in which they are studied.
Non-local formulation of ghost-free bigravity theory
Creators: name: Cusin, Giulia
name: Fumagalli, Jacopo
name: Maggiore, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ghost-free bimetric theory of Hassan and Rosen, with parameters $β_i$ such that a flat Minkowski solution exists for both metrics. We show that, expanding around this solution and eliminating one of the two metrics with its own equation of motion, the remaining metric is governed by the Einstein-Hilbert action plus a non-local term proportional to $W_{μνρσ} (\Box-m^2)^{-1}W^{μνρσ}$, where $W_{μνρσ}$ is the Weyl tensor. The result is valid to quadratic order in the metric perturbation and to all orders in the derivative expansion. This example shows, in a simple setting, how such non-local extensions of GR can emerge from an underlying consistent theory, at the purely classical level.
description: 16 pages
Control of Drosophila endocycles by E2F and CRL4CDT2
Creators: name: Kim, Kerry J.
name: van Straaten, Monique
name: Nagarajan, Sabarish
name: Duronio, Robert J.
name: Rottig, Carmen
name: Woods, Brigitte
name: Edgar, Bruce A.
name: Zielke, Norman
name: Tran, Vuong
name: Bravo, Maria-Jose
name: von Dassow, George
name: Grewal, Savraj S.
name: Shibutani, Shusaku T.
name: Lehner, Christian F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Endocycles are variant cell cycles comprised of DNA Synthesis (S)- and Gap (G)- phases but lacking mitosis1,2. Such cycles facilitate post-mitotic growth in many invertebrate and plant cells, and are so ubiquitous that they may account for up to half the world’s biomass3,4. DNA replication in endocycling Drosophila cells is triggered by Cyclin E/Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2 (CycE/Cdk2), but this kinase must be inactivated during each G-phase to allow the assembly of pre-Replication Complexes (preRCs) for the next S-phase5,6. How CycE/Cdk2 is periodically silenced to allow re-replication has not been established. Here, using genetic tests in parallel with computational modeling, we show that Drosophila’s endocycles are driven by a molecular oscillator in which the E2F1 transcription factor promotes CycE expression and S-phase initiation, S-phase then activates the CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase, and this in turn mediates the destruction of E2F17. We propose that it is the transient loss of E2F1 during S-phases that creates the window of low Cdk activity required for preRC formation. In support of this model over-expressed E2F1 accelerated endocycling, whereas a stabilized variant of E2F1 blocked endocycling by de-regulating target genes including CycE, as well as Cdk1 and mitotic Cyclins. Moreover, we find that altering cell growth by changing nutrition or TOR signaling impacts E2F1 translation, thereby making endocycle progression growth-dependent. Many of the regulatory interactions essential to this novel cell cycle oscillator are conserved in animals and plants1,2,8, suggesting that elements of this mechanism act in most growth-dependent cell cycles.
The dynamical sine-Gordon model
Creators: name: Hairer, Martin
name: Shen, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the dynamical sine-Gordon equation in two space dimensions with parameter $β$, which is the natural dynamic associated to the usual quantum sine-Gordon model. It is shown that when $β^2 \in (0,\frac{16π}{3})$ the Wick renormalised equation is well-posed. In the regime $β^2 \in (0,4π)$, the Da Prato-Debussche method applies, while for $β^2 \in [4π,\frac{16π}{3})$, the solution theory is provided via the theory of regularity structures (Hairer 2013). We also show that this model arises naturally from a class of $2+1$-dimensional equilibrium interface fluctuation models with periodic nonlinearities. The main mathematical difficulty arises in the construction of the model for the associated regularity structure where the role of the noise is played by a non-Gaussian random distribution similar to the complex multiplicative Gaussian chaos recently analysed by Lacoin, Rhodes and Vargas (2013).
description: 64 pages
title: ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ВАРИАТИВНОЙ ИННЕРВАЦИИ КОЛЕННОГО СУСТАВА В АРТРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЙ ПЛАСТИКЕ ПЕРЕДНЕЙ И ЗАДНЕЙ КРЕСТООБРАЗНЫХ СВЯЗОК
Creators: name: Юсифов, Ян Эйтерамович
name: Бонцевич, Сергей Владимирович
Publisher: name: Астраханский государственный технический университет
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Аннотация. Вариативность хода нервов была выявлена с помощью препарирования подкож- ных сосудисто-нервных пучков структур переднелатеральной и переднемедиальной поверхностей колена, проведения морфометрических измерений выделенных нервных структур отпрепарированно- го материала, полученные данные сгруппированы в таблицы соответственно выявленным нервам и установление на основании полученных данных уязвимости конкретных нервов при различных эта- пах артроскопических хирургических вмешательств.
Control of TH17 cells occurs in the small intestine
Creators: name: Esplugues, Enric
name: Rongvaux, Anthony
name: Herold, Kevan C.
name: Kuchroo, Vijay K.
name: O’Connor, William
name: Kolls, Jay K.
name: Iwakura, Yoichiro
name: Gagliani, Nicola
name: Van Rooijen, Nico
name: Haberman, Ann M.
name: Town, Terrence
name: Bluestone, Jeffrey A.
name: Wan, Yisong Y.
name: Flavell, Richard A.
name: Huber, Samuel
name: Hauser, Anja E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper cells (TH17) are a recently identified CD4+ T cell subset distinct from T helper type 1 (TH1) and T helper type 2 (TH2) cells1. TH17 cells can drive antigen specific autoimmune diseases and are considered the main population of pathogenic T cells driving experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)2, the mouse model for multiple sclerosis. The factors that are needed for the generation of TH17 cells have been well-characterized3–6. However, where and how the immune system controls TH17 cells in vivo remains unclear.Here, by using a model of tolerance induced by CD3-specific antibody, a model of sepsis and influenza A viral infection (H1N1), we show that pro-inflammatory TH17 cells can be redirected to and controlled in the small intestine. TH17-specific IL-17A secretion induced expression of the chemokine CCL20 in the small intestine, facilitating the migration of these cells specifically to the small intestine via the CCR6/CCL20 axis. Moreover, we found that TH17 cells are controlled by two different mechanisms in the small intestine: first, they are eliminated via the intestinal lumen and simultaneously pro-inflammatory TH17 cells acquire a regulatory phenotype with in vitro and in vivo immune-suppressive properties (rTH17). These results identify mechanisms limiting TH17 cell pathogenicity and implicate the gastrointestinal tract as a site for control of TH17 cells.
Using light and heat to controllably switch and reset disorder configuration in nanoscale devices
Creators: name: See, A. M.
name: Aagesen, M.
name: Lindelof, P. E.
name: Hamilton, A. R.
name: Micolich, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dots exhibit reproducible conductance fluctuations at low temperatures due to electron quantum interference. The sensitivity of these fluctuations to the underlying disorder potential has only recently been fully realized. We exploit this sensitivity to obtain a novel tool for better understanding the role that background impurities play in the electrical properties of high-mobility AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures and nanoscale devices. In particular, we report the remarkable ability to first alter the disorder potential in an undoped AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure by optical illumination and then reset it back to its initial configuration by room temperature thermal cycling in the dark. We attribute this behavior to a mixture of C background impurities acting as shallow acceptors and deep trapping by Si impurities. This "alter and reset" capability, not possible in modulation-doped heterostructures, offers an exciting route to studying how scattering from even small densities of charged impurities influences the properties of nanoscale semiconductor devices.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
(:unas) unassigned
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2024

description: The Importance of Being Earnest è quel capolavoro teatrale di Wilde che ha dato non poco filo da torcere ai traduttori italiani. Egli ha realizzato un gioco di parole fra i termini “earnest” e “Ernest”, omofoni su cui si basa l’ironia della commedia intera. In italiano non è possibile rendere “earnest”, che racchiude l’idea dell’integrità morale, con un singolo termine. Per quanto i traduttori si sforzino, nessuna soluzione risulta davvero adeguata.
description: The Importance of Being Earnest is Wilde's theatrical masterpiece which gave Italian translators a lot of trouble. He created a play on words between the terms "earnest" and "Ernest", homophones on which the irony of the entire comedy is based. In Italian it is not possible to translate "earnest", which gives the idea of moral integrity, with a single term. Despite the effort, no solution is really adequate.
Additional file 1 of Circulating serum metabolites as predictors of dementia: a machine learning approach in a 21-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study
Creators: name: Machado-Fragua, Marcos D.
name: Landré, Benjamin
name: Chen, Mathilde
name: Fayosse, Aurore
name: Dugravot, Aline
name: Kivimaki, Mika
name: Sabia, Séverine
name: Singh-Manoux, Archana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Mean metabolite concentrations in 1997-1999 overall and as a function of dementia status at the end of follow-up (31st March 2019). Table S2. The association between 1-SD increment in metabolite concentrations (separate models) and risk of dementia. Table S3. Association between 1-SD increment in metabolite concentrations and risk of dementia in analyses excluding participants with incomplete data on metabolites due to concentrations below the limit of quantification (N=5145). Table S4. Association between 1-SD increment in metabolite concentrations and risk of dementia including participants with incomplete data on metabolites due to outlier values (≥±9 SD) in metabolite concentrations (N=5446). Table S5. Elastic net penalized Cox regression with repeated nested cross-validation for incident dementia: results of 100 repetitions. Table S6. The beta coefficients from Cox regression used in the calculation of risk scores. Table S7. The contribution of metabolites, considered separately, to the predictive accuracy of risk score 5 (N=5374). Table S8. Predictive performance of risk scores for incident dementia; all models included ApoE (N=4494). Table S9. Comparison of the best risk score with metabolites previously identified using data from the Whitehall II cohort study (N=5374). Figure S1. Flow chart of sample selection.
Wind and Wave Extremes over the World Oceans from Very Large Ensembles
Creators: name: Breivik, Øyvind
name: Aarnes, Ole Johan
name: Abdalla, Saleh
name: Bidlot, Jean-Raymond
name: Janssen, Peter A. E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global return values of marine wind speed and significant wave height are estimated from very large aggregates of archived ensemble forecasts at +240-h lead time. Long lead time ensures that the forecasts represent independent draws from the model climate. Compared with ERA-Interim, a reanalysis, the ensemble yields higher return estimates for both wind speed and significant wave height. Confidence intervals are much tighter due to the large size of the dataset. The period (9 yrs) is short enough to be considered stationary even with climate change. Furthermore, the ensemble is large enough for non-parametric 100-yr return estimates to be made from order statistics. These direct return estimates compare well with extreme value estimates outside areas with tropical cyclones. Like any method employing modeled fields, it is sensitive to tail biases in the numerical model, but we find that the biases are moderate outside areas with tropical cyclones.
description: 28 pages, 16 figures
Dual functions of Tet1 in transcriptional regulation in mouse embryonic stem cells
Creators: name: Xia, Kai
name: Wang, Zhibin
name: Eve Sun, Yi
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Cui, Kairong
name: Ito, Shinsuke
name: D’Alessio, Ana C.
name: Zhao, Keji
name: Wu, Hao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome by DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine) has a profound impact on chromatin structure, gene expression and maintenance of cellular identity1. The recent demonstration that members of the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine raised the possibility that Tet proteins are capable of establishing a distinct epigenetic state2,3. We have recently demonstrated that Tet1 is specifically expressed in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and is required for ES cell maintenance2. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput DNA sequencing, here we show in mouse ES cells that Tet1 is preferentially bound to CpG-rich sequences at promoters of both transcriptionally active and Polycomb-repressed genes. Despite an increase in levels of DNA methylation at many Tet1-binding sites, Tet1 depletion does not lead to downregulation of all the Tet1 targets. Interestingly, although Tet1-mediated promoter hypomethylation is required for maintaining the expression of a group of transcriptionally active genes, it is also involved in repression of Polycomb-targeted developmental regulators. Tet1 contributes to silencing of this group of genes by facilitating recruitment of PRC2 to CpG-rich gene promoters. Thus, our study not only establishes a role for Tet1 in modulating DNA methylation levels at CpG-rich promoters, but also reveals a dual function of Tet1 in promoting transcription of pluripotency factors as well as participating in the repression of Polycomb-targeted developmental regulators.
Bridging EUV and white-light observations to inspect the initiation phase of a "two-stage" solar eruptive event
Creators: name: Byrne, Jason P.
name: Morgan, Huw
name: Seaton, Dan B.
name: Bain, Hazel M.
name: Habbal, Shadia R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initiation phase of CMEs is a very important aspect of solar physics, as these phenomena ultimately drive space weather in the heliosphere. This phase is known to occur between the photosphere and low corona, where many models introduce an instability and/or magnetic reconnection that triggers a CME, often with associated flaring activity. To this end, it is important to obtain a variety of observations of the low corona in order to build as clear a picture as possible of the dynamics that occur therein. Here, we combine the EUV imagery of the SWAP instrument on board PROBA2 with the white-light imagery of the ground-based Mk4 coronameter at MLSO in order to bridge the observational gap that exists between the disk imagery of AIA on board SDO and the coronal imagery of LASCO on board SOHO. Methods of multiscale image analysis were applied to the observations to better reveal the coronal signal while suppressing noise and other features. This allowed an investigation into the initiation phase of a CME that was driven by a rising flux rope structure from a "two-stage" flaring active region underlying an extended helmet streamer. It was found that the initial outward motion of the erupting loop system in the EUV observations coincided with the first X-ray flare peak, and led to a plasma pile-up of the white-light CME core material. The characterized CME core then underwent a strong jerk in its motion, as the early acceleration increased abruptly, simultaneous with the second X-ray flare peak. The overall system expanded into the helmet streamer to become the larger CME structure observed in the LASCO coronagraph images, which later became concave-outward in shape. Theoretical models for the event are discussed in light of these unique observations, and it is concluded that the formation of either a kink-unstable or torus-unstable flux rope may be the likeliest scenario.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 3 movies
Social and Individual Processes at the Time of the COVID-19 Crisis
Creators: name: Maiello, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2021
Subjects: Social research methods
Autoethnography
Netnography
Big data
New data
Infodemic
Covid-19

description: The author presents eight studies carried out during the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and focuses on different methodological issues to be addressed within the Digital Society and netnographic research. The studies are reported in a common context ranging from the individual experiences of researchers to the receipt of political propaganda in mass society through social media
Ehret GB, Munroe PB, Rice KM, Bochud M, Johnson AD, Chasman DI et al. Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk. Nature 2011; 478: 103-109
Creators: name: Verwoert, Germaine C.
name: Heath, Simon
name: Dehghan, Abbas
name: Zhang, Feng
name: Hua Zhao, Jing
name: Luan, Jian’an
name: Peden, John F
name: Sõber, Siim
name: Tanaka, Toshiko
name: Smith, Albert V.
name: Jackson, Anne U.
name: Teumer, Alexander
name: Ehret, Georg B.
name: Lucas, Gavin
name: Amin, Najaf
name: Munroe, Patricia B.
name: Hwang, Shih-Jen
name: Hicks, Andrew A.
name: Johnson, Andrew D.
name: Aulchenko, Yurii
name: Glazer, Nicole L.
name: Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L.
name: Rice, Kenneth M.
name: Pihur, Vasyl
name: Arora, Pankaj
name: Vollenweider, Peter
name: Chasman, Daniel I.
name: O’Reilly, Paul F.
name: Launer, Lenore
name: Parsa, Afshin
name: Bochud, Murielle
name: Tobin, Martin D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable trait1 influenced by multiple biological pathways and is responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (BP ≥140 mm Hg systolic [SBP] or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic [DBP])2. Even small increments in BP are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events3. This genome-wide association study of SBP and DBP, which used a multi-stage design in 200, 000 individuals of European descent, identified 16 novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate BP (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3 ; NPR3-C5orf23 ; ADM ; FURIN-FES ; GOSR2 ; GNAS-EDN3) ; the other 10 provide new clues to BP physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke, and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with BP in East Asian, South Asian, and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of BP, and suggest novel potential therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Displacement theory and numerical simulation of hybrid gas/chemical EOR processes
Creators: name: Mehrabi, Mehran
name: 0000-0003-1146-8605
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: Displacement theory
Riemann problem
Fractional flow theory
Chemical EOR
Foam flooding
Numerical simulation
Total relative mobility
Compositional simulation
Chemical simulation
Mobility reduction factor

description: Hybrid gas/chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques comprises gas and chemicals such as surfactant to improve oil recovery by improvement in displacement and/or sweep efficiencies. Design and modeling of these processes are challenging due to the inherent complexities of phenomena that may occur simultaneously. For example, in low-tension gas (LTG) flooding we inject gas and water with at least two types of surfactants, one as a foaming agent and another as a low-IFT agent. In this process, we may have the simultaneous flow of the four phases of water, oil, gas, and microemulsion. The gas phase may flow partly as foam and partly as free gas. Proper modeling of the foam flow, the phase behavior between the oil and gas, the phase behavior between the water, oil, and microemulsion and the interaction between different phases and their rheology and petrophysical properties are among the challenges of understanding and modeling this process. In this study we develop models, techniques and reservoir simulation codes to investigate different aspects of hybrid gas/chemical EOR processes. In this regard, we study the following subjects: 1) estimation of the parameters of foam models and the effect of porosity and permeability on the apparent viscosity of foam in porous media, 2) development of an algorithm for finding classical solutions to Riemann problems of three-phase flow of gas/foam, water, and oil, 3) development of a displacement theory for LTG flooding, and 4) development and implementation of a chemical-compositional model in an implicit pressure explicit concentration (IMPEC) reservoir simulator. The developed models and simulation codes can help engineers and practitioners with both the design and large scale simulation of hybrid gas/chemical processes.
Light storage via coherent population oscillation in a thermal cesium vapor
Creators: name: de Almeida, A. J. F.
name: Sales, J.
name: Maynard, M. -A.
name: Laupretre, T.
name: Bretenaker, F.
name: Felinto, D.
name: Goldfarb, F.
name: Tabosa, J. W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the storage of light via the phenomenon of Coherent Population Oscillation (CPO) in an atomic cesium vapor at room temperature. In the experiment the optical information of a probe field is stored in the CPO of two ground states of a Lambda three-level system formed by the Zeeman sublevels of the hyperfine transition F = 3 - F' = 2 of cesium D2 line. We show directly that this CPO based memory is very insensitive to stray magnetic field inhomogeneities and presents a lifetime which is mainly limited only by atomic motion. A theoretical simulation of the measured spectra was also developed and is in very good agreement with the experiment.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures