cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Flux-balance laws for spinning bodies under the gravitational self-force
Creators: name: Grant, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of an extended, but still weakly gravitating body in general relativity can often be determined by a set of conserved quantities. Much like for geodesic motion, a sufficient number of conserved quantities allows the motion to be solved by quadrature. Under the gravitational self-force (relaxing the "weakly gravitating" assumption), the motion can then be described in terms of the evolution these "conserved quantities". This evolution can be calculated using the (local) self-force on the body, but such an approach is computationally intensive. To avoid this, one often uses flux-balance laws: relationships between the average evolution (capturing the dissipative dynamics) and the values of the field far away from the body, which are far easier to compute. In the absence of spin, such a flux-balance law has been proven in [Isoyama et al., 2019] for any of the conserved action variables appearing in a Hamiltonian formulation of geodesic motion in the Kerr spacetime. In this paper, we derive a corresponding flux-balance law, to linear order in spin, directly relating average rates of change to the flux of a conserved current through the horizon and out to infinity. In the absence of spin, this reproduces results consistent with those in [Isoyama et al., 2019]. To linear order in spin, we construct flux-balance laws for four of the five constants of motion for spinning bodies in the Kerr spacetime, although not in a practical form. However, this result provides a promising path towards deriving the flux-balance law for the (generalized) Carter constant.
description: 22+3 pages, 1 figure; v2: fixed typos, clarified results, and added references; v3: updated references and corrected flux by redshift factor; v4: "matches" published version
Simulation of Motion of Many Ions in a Linear Paul Trap
Creators: name: Oral, Martin
name: Slodička, Lukáš
name: Číp, Ondřej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quadrupole linear Paul trap is one of the key instruments in building highly stable atomic clocks. However, a frequency reference based on a single trapped ion is limited in stability due to the time needed for the interrogation cycle which cannot be further shortened. A promising strategy is the utilization of multiple trapped ions. The ions of the same kind then repulse each other with the Coulomb force, which is countered by the ponderomotive force of the time depended field in the trap. A few ions form a chain along the axis of a linear Paul trap. Adding more ions (a few tens or hundreds) gives rise to Coulomb crystals. We created an efficient simulation code which calculates the motion of such collections of ions in quasistatic radiofrequency fields of real linear quadrupole traps (including the micromotion). We include a model for laser cooling of the ions. The simulation tool can be used to study the formation and the dynamics of Coulomb crystals under conditions corresponding to various experimental set-ups.
Additional file 2 of Contribution of fortified foods and dietary supplements to total nutrient intakes and their adequacy in Japanese adults
Creators: name: Sugimoto, Minami
name: Asakura, Keiko
name: Shinozaki, Nana
name: Murakami, Kentaro
name: Masayasu, Shizuko
name: Sasaki, Satoshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 2
Oligomeric Silica-Wrapped Perovskites Enable Synchronous Defect Passivation and Grain Stabilization for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Lin, Y.
name: Wang, L.
name: Shi, X.
name: Zheng, X.
name: Bai, Y.
name: Chen, Z.-G.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Huang, J.
name: Fang, Y.
name: Strounina, E.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Du, Y.
name: Deng, Y.
name: Ren, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The intrinsic instability of hybrid perovskite materials induced by defect states arises as one major challenge hampering the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report a facile strategy of wrapping perovskite grains within an oligomeric silica (OS) matrix in a core–shell geometry, which can synchronously passivate the defects at surfaces and grain boundaries and stabilize the grains at the nanoscale. We observe a significant reduction of trap density and elongation of carrier lifetime in OS-wrapped perovskites, which yields an increased efficiency of 21.5% for p–i–n structured PSCs with a decent open-circuit voltage of 1.15 V and a fill factor of 0.81. This all-around nanoscale grain wrapping leads to remarkable improvement of the operational stability of PSCs, sustaining 80% of the efficiency after “burn-in” under full sunlight with UV for more than 5200 h. Our findings provide a new pathway towards efficient and stable PSCs.
Enhanced Thermal Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells by Assembling 2D/3D Stacking Structures
Creators: name: Zheng, X.
name: Huang, J.
name: Zhao, J.
name: Tang, S.
name: Bai, Y.
name: Yang, S.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Fang, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have been shown to be more stable than their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts due to the protection of the organic ligands. Herein a method is introduced to form 2D/3D stacking structures by the reaction of 3D perovskite with n-Butylamine (BA). Different from regular treatment with n-Butylammonium iodide (BAI) where 2D perovskite with various layers form, the reaction of BA with MAPbI3 only produce (BA)2PbI4, which has better protection due to more organic ligands in (BA)2PbI4 than the mixture of 2D perovskites. Compared to BAI treatment, BA treatment results in smoother 2D perovskite layer on 3D perovskites with a better coverage. The photovoltaic devices with 2D/3D stacking structures show much improved stability in comparison to their 3D counterparts when subjected to heat stress tests. Moreover, the conversion of defective surface into 2D layers also induces passivation of the 3D perovskites resulting in an enhanced efficiency.
Behind the Curtain: Learning Occluded Shapes for 3D Object Detection
Creators: name: Xu, Qiangeng
name: Zhong, Yiqi
name: Neumann, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advances in LiDAR sensors provide rich 3D data that supports 3D scene understanding. However, due to occlusion and signal miss, LiDAR point clouds are in practice 2.5D as they cover only partial underlying shapes, which poses a fundamental challenge to 3D perception. To tackle the challenge, we present a novel LiDAR-based 3D object detection model, dubbed Behind the Curtain Detector (BtcDet), which learns the object shape priors and estimates the complete object shapes that are partially occluded (curtained) in point clouds. BtcDet first identifies the regions that are affected by occlusion and signal miss. In these regions, our model predicts the probability of occupancy that indicates if a region contains object shapes. Integrated with this probability map, BtcDet can generate high-quality 3D proposals. Finally, the probability of occupancy is also integrated into a proposal refinement module to generate the final bounding boxes. Extensive experiments on the KITTI Dataset and the Waymo Open Dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of BtcDet. Particularly, for the 3D detection of both cars and cyclists on the KITTI benchmark, BtcDet surpasses all of the published state-of-the-art methods by remarkable margins. Code is released (https://github.com/Xharlie/BtcDet}{https://github.com/Xharlie/BtcDet).
Profil clinique et paraclinique de la myasthénie auto-immune à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso
Creators: name: LOMPO, Djingri Labodi
name: SOME, Nagaonlé Éric
name: OUEDRAOGO, Adja Mariam
name: YONLI, Rodrigue P.
name: DIALLO, Ousséini
name: NAPON, Christian
name: MILLOGO, Athanase
name: KABORE, Jean
Publisher: name: MTSI
Year: 2021

description: Clinical and paraclinical profile of autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Introduction. Certain differences in the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and evolution profiles of autoimmune myasthenia gravis (AIMG) are increasingly described in patients according to geographic origins. The present study was carried out in order to help characterize the socio-demographic, clinical and paraclinical profile of AIMG in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
description: MTSI, Vol. 1 No 4 (2021): MTSI-Revue
Themed issue on perovskite solar cells: research on metal halide perovskite solar cells towards deeper understanding, upscalable fabrication, long-term stability and Pb-free alternatives
Creators: name: Qi, Y.
name: Park, N.-G.
name: Huang, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Solar cells or photovoltaic (PV) cells are semiconductor devices that convert solar energy into electricity. This technology is already being used to supply clean and renewable energy to society. However, currently installed PV capacity is still relatively low in many countries. Globally, the total generated electricity from PVs constitutes only ∼1% of worldwide electricity demands.1,2 Because solar energy is (i) plentiful (e.g., the amount of energy supplied to the earth within one day is sufficient to meet total global energy needs for one year) and (ii) clean, it is often mentioned as a solution to issues related to global warming and the current deficiency of global electricity demands for future society. Currently, silicon-based solar cells represent the dominant PV technology, accounting for ∼93% of total production, in which the shares of mono- and multi-crystalline silicon technology are ∼32% and ∼61%, respectively. The market share of all thin-film technologies amounts to ∼4.5% of total production: CdTe (2.3%), copper indium gallium diselenide or CIGS (1.9%), and amorphous-Si (0.3%).3
Large electrostrictive response in lead halide perovskites
Creators: name: Mosconi, E.
name: Chen, B.
name: Song, J.
name: Dong, Q.
name: Li, T.
name: Ducharme, S.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Gruverman, A.
name: Angelis, F.D.
name: Deng, Y.
name: Huang, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Lead halide perovskites have demonstrated outstanding performance in photovoltaics, photodetectors, radiation detectors and light-emitting diodes. However, the electromechanical properties, which are the main application of inorganic perovskites, have rarely been explored for lead halide perovskites. Here, we report the discovery of a large electrostrictive response in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) single crystals. Under an electric field of 3.7 V µm−1, MAPbI3 shows a large compressive strain of 1%, corresponding to a mechanical energy density of 0.74 J cm−3, comparable to that of human muscles. The influences of piezoelectricity, thermal expansion, intrinsic electrostrictive effect, Maxwell stress, ferroelectricity, local polar fluctuation and methylammonium cation ordering on this electromechanical response are excluded. We speculate, using density functional theory, that electrostriction of MAPbI3 probably originates from lattice deformation due to formation of additional defects under applied bias. The discovery of large electrostriction in lead iodide perovskites may lead to new potential applications in actuators, sonar and micro-electromechanical systems and aid the understanding of other field-dependent material properties.
Leishmaniose généralisée de l'Ancien Monde : premier cas marocain chez un adulte immunocompétent ?
Creators: name: CHIHEB, Soumiya
name: TAZI SAOUD, Zineb
name: EL IDRISSI SAIK, Imane
name: DARIF, Dounia
name: HALI, Fouzia
name: El FATOIKI, Fatima Zahra
name: SKALI DAHBI, Hayat
name: KIHEL, Ayyoub
name: HAMMI, Ikram
name: SOUSSI ABDELLAOUI, Maha
name: RIYAD, Myriam
Publisher: name: MTSI
Year: 2021

description: Introduction. La leishmaniose dermique post kala-azar (LDPK) est un syndrome cutané observé après un traitement de leishmaniose viscérale (LV). Nous décrivons un cas probable chez un adulte immunocompétent. Observation. Il s’agit d’un homme âgé de 36 ans, originaire du sud du Maroc, avec antécédent de LV deux ans auparavant, traitée par antimoniate de méglumine et amphotéricine B avec une bonne évolution, hospitalisé en dermatologie pour un placard papulo-nodulaire érythémateux de la face. Le tableau dermatologique remontait à 6 mois avec une atteinte inaugurale de la muqueuse buccale. L’examen de la muqueuse buccale retrouvait une ulcération du tiers postérieur de la langue et un aspect papillomateux du voile du palais. La biopsie et le frottis cutanés retrouvaient des amastigotes de Leishmania. La PCR ITS1 était positive (genre Leishmania). Le diagnostic de LDPK était évoqué. Le patient a bénéficié d’injections intra-musculaires d’antimoniate de méglumine avec une bonne évolution. Conclusion. À notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier cas de leishmaniose généralisée évoquant une LDPK décrit au Maroc chez un adulte immunocompétent. Mots clés : Leishmaniose généralisée, Leishmaniose viscérale, Leishmania infantum, Sujet immunocompétent, Hôpital, Casablanca, Maroc, Maghreb, Afrique du Nord
description: MTSI, Vol. 1 No 4 (2021): MTSI-Revue
Chaotic vibrations and strong scars
Creators: name: Anantharaman, Nalini
name: Nonnenmacher, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article aims at popularizing some aspects of "quantum chaos", in particular the study of eigenmodes of classically chaotic systems, in the semiclassical (or high frequency) limit.
The Emission Order of Hydrogen Isotopes via Correlation Functions in 30 MeV/u Ar+Au Reactions
Creators: name: Wang, Yijie
name: Guan, Fenhai
name: Wu, Qianghua
name: Diao, Xinyue
name: Huang, Yan
name: Lyu, Liming
name: Qin, Yuhao
name: Qin, Zhi
name: Si, Dawei
name: Bai, Zhen
name: Duan, Fangfang
name: Duan, Limin
name: Gao, Zhihao
name: Hu, Qiang
name: Hu, Rongjiang
name: Jin, Genming
name: Jin, Shuya
name: Ma, Junbing
name: Ma, Peng
name: Wang, Jiansong
name: Wang, Peng
name: Wang, Yufeng
name: Wei, Xianglun
name: Yang, Herun
name: Yang, Yanyun
name: Yu, Gongming
name: Yu, Yuechao
name: Zhang, Yapeng
name: Zhou, Qingwu
name: Zhang, Yaofeng
name: Ma, Chunwang
name: Hu, Xinrong
name: Wang, Hongwei
name: Cui, Yunyi
name: Tian, Junlong
name: Xiao, Zhigang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intensity interferometry is applied as a chronometer of the particle emission of hydrogen isotopes from the intermediate velocity source formed in $^{40}$Ar+$^{197}$Au reactions at 30 MeV/u. The dynamic emission order of $τ_{\rm p}>τ_{\rm d}>τ_{\rm t}$ is evidenced via the correlation functions of nonidentical particle pairs. Assuming the similar source size, the same emission order is inferred from the correlation functions of identical particle pairs, where $τ_{\rm p} \approx 100 {\rm ~fm/c}$ is extracted by the fit of Koonin-Pratt equation to p-p correlation function. Transport model simulations demonstrate that the dynamic emission order of light charged particles depends on the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy.
Dual fermion approach to the two-dimensional Hubbard model: Antiferromagnetic fluctuations and Fermi arcs
Creators: name: Rubtsov, A. N.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
name: Georges, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient diagrammatic method to describe nonlocal correlation effects in lattice fermion Hubbard-like models, which is based on a change of variables in the Grassmann path integrals. The new fermions are dual to the original ones and correspond to weakly interacting quasiparticles in the case of strong local correlations in the Hubbard model. The method starts with dynamical mean-field theory as a zeroth-order approximation and includes non-local effects in a perturbative way. In contrast to cluster approaches, this method utilizes an exact transition to a dual set of variables. It therefore becomes possible to treat the irreducible vertices of an effective {\it single-impurity} problem as small parameters. This provides a very efficient interpolation between band-like weak-coupling and atomic limits. The method is illustrated on the two-dimensional Hubbard model. The antiferromagnetic pseudogap, Fermi-arc formations, and non-Fermi-liquid effects due to the van Hove singularity are correctly reproduced by the lowest-order diagrams. Extremum properties of the dual fermion approach are discussed in terms of the Feynman variational principle.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures Second version + minor changes
Stabilizing the alpha-Phase of CsPbI3 Perovskite by Sulfobetaine Zwitterions in One-Step Spin-Coating Films
Creators: name: Deng, Y.
name: Huang, J.
name: Zheng, X.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Zhao, J.
name: Chen, Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbI3) are promising materials for efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells, but they suffer from a phase transition from black α phase to yellow δ phase at room temperature. Here, we report a facile method to stabilize the α-phase CsPbI3 films via a single-step film deposition process. A small amount (∼1.5 wt %) of sulfobetaine zwitterion mixed in CsPbI3 precursor solution could facilitate the formation of black-phase CsPbI3 films that show significantly improved phase stability in air. The black-phase stabilization can be explained by the formation of small CsPbI3 grains with average size of ∼30 nm, which increased the grain surface area to stabilizes the α phase. The zwitterions were found to impede the crystallization of CsPbI3 perovskite films via electrostatic interaction with the ions and colloids in the CsPbI3 precursor solution. Solar cells using these zwitterion-stabilized perovskite films showed stabilized power conversion efficiency of 11.4% under 1-sun illumination.
A prototype of a large tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer for solar spectroscopy
Creators: name: Greco, V.
name: Sordini, A.
name: Cauzzi, G.
name: Cavallini, F.
name: Del Vecchio, C.
name: Giovannelli, L.
name: Berrilli, F.
name: Del Moro, D.
name: Reardon, K.
name: Pietraszewski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large Fabry-Perot Interferometers are used in a variety of astronomical instrumentation, including spectro-polarimeters for 4-meter class solar telescopes. In this work we comprehensively characterize the cavity of a prototype 150 mm Fabry-Perot interferometer, sporting a novel, fully symmetric design. Of note, we define a new method to properly assess the gravity effects on the interferometer's cavity when the system is used in either the vertical or horizontal configuration, both typical of solar observations. We show that the symmetric design very effectively limits the combined effects of pre-load and gravity forces to only a few nm over a 120 mm diameter illuminated surface, with gravity contributing about 2 nm peak-to-valley (0.3 nm rms) in either configuration. We confirm a variation of the tilt between the plates of the interferometer during the spectral scan, which can be mitigated with appropriate corrections to the spacing commands. Finally, we show that the dynamical response of the new system fully satisfies typical operational scenarios. We conclude that large, fully symmetric Fabry-Perot interferometers can be safely used within solar instrumentation in both, horizontal and vertical position, with the latter better suited to limiting the overall volume occupied by such an instrument.
description: 18 pages; accepted for publication in PASP. The animation for Fig. 9 can be found at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Jgr8ntRINv-VFXwQ5vzC4DPkU6DXjYmv/view?usp=sharing
Spontaneous Passivation of Hybrid Perovskite by Sodium Ions from Glass Substrates: Mysterious Enhancement of Device Efficiency Revealed
Creators: name: Bi, C.
name: Chen, B.
name: Zheng, X.
name: Wei, H.
name: Huang, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The efficiency of a solar cell generally decreases over time due to degradation of the devices. Here we report a spontaneous increase of device efficiency for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) solar cells after a period of storage that is speculated to be related to the sodium ions (Na+) diffused from the substrate. The efficiency of a p–i–n planar heterojunction structure device rises from 18.8 to 20.2% after 24 h of storage in nitrogen. The increased efficiency can be explained by the prolonged carrier lifetime and reduced trap density in the OIHP films. The expected contribution by Na+ in defect passivation has been evidenced by studying the evolution of the film’s photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, trap density, and device efficiency over storage duration on varied substrates that either contain Na+ or do not. The passivation effect of Na+ is further identified by the improved PL lifetime observed in the OIHP film made on a silicon substrate with intentionally added Na+.
Rural Population Density in the Southern Appalachians
Creators: name: Marschner, Francis J.
name: Marschner, Francis J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1940
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use

description: Excerpts from the report: Density of population in its relation to the possibilities of existing natural resources and economic opportunities is one of the main elements in the economic and social structure of a region. Many of our social and economic institutions are directly or indirectly an outgrowth of, or at least strongly influenced by, population density. Certain aspects of land tenure and land use may be traced in part to population density; for example, types of land ownership, intent of land ownership, size of holdings, land values, intensity of land use, and type of farming. Population density will be reflected in the form and functions of the local government, in the need for public services, public utilities, religious and educational institutions, recreational opportunities, transportation and communication facilities, and in the kind and quantity of commodities needed.
Suppressed Ion Migration in Low-Dimensional Perovskites
Creators: name: Wang, Q.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Bai, Y.
name: Deng, Y.
name: Fang, Y.
name: Huang, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Ion migration, which occurs in regular three-dimensional perovskites, is shown to be suppressed in low-dimensional perovskites both in the dark and under illumination, an indication of better stability of these materials for solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
Invariant minimal surfaces in the real special linear group of degree 2
Creators: name: Inoguchi, Jun-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A99; 53C42, 53D15

description: Invariant minimal surfaces in the real special linear group of degree 2 with canonical Riemannian and Lorentzian metrics are studied. Constant mean curvature surfaces with vertically harmonic Gauß map are classified.
description: 19pages. Minor misprints are corrected
Low-Noise and Large-Linear-Dynamic-Range Photodetectors Based on Hybrid-Perovskite Thin-Single-Crystals
Creators: name: Li, L.
name: Fang, Y.
name: Wei, H.
name: Bao, C.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Huang, J.
name: Deng, Y.
name: Xiao, X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Organic–inorganic halide perovskites are promising photodetector materials due to their strong absorption, large carrier mobility, and easily tunable bandgap. Up to now, perovskite photodetectors are mainly based on polycrystalline thin films, which have some undesired properties such as large defective grain boundaries hindering the further improvement of the detector performance. Here, perovskite thin‐single‐crystal (TSC) photodetectors are fabricated with a vertical p–i–n structure. Due to the absence of grain‐boundaries, the trap densities of TSCs are 10–100 folds lower than that of polycrystalline thin films. The photodetectors based on CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3 TSCs show low noise of 1–2 fA Hz−1/2, yielding a high specific detectivity of 1.5 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1. The absence of grain boundaries reduces charge recombination and enables a linear response under strong light, superior to polycrystalline photodetectors. The CH3NH3PbBr3 photodetectors show a linear response to green light from 0.35 pW cm−2 to 2.1 W cm−2, corresponding to a linear dynamic range of 256 dB.
Quantum transfer operators and chaotic scattering
Creators: name: Nonnenmacher, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Transfer operators have been used widely to study the long time properties of chaotic maps or flows. We describe quantum analogues of these operators, which have been used as toy models by the quantum chaos community, but are also relevant to study "physical" continuous time systems.
Detecting Fast Radio Bursts in the Milky Way
Creators: name: Gohar, Nayab
name: Flynn, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are highly energetic transient events with duration of order of microseconds to milliseconds and of unknown origin. They are known to lie at cosmological distances, through localisation to host galaxies. Recently, an FRB-like event was seen from the Milky Way magnetar SGR 1935+2154 by the CHIME and STARE2 telescopes. This is the only magnetar that has produced FRB events in our galaxy. Finding similar events in the Milky Way is of great interest to understanding FRB progenitors. Such events will be strongly affected by the turbulent interstellar medium in the Milky Way, their intrinsic energy distribution and their spatial locations within the plane of the Milky Way. We examine these effects using models for the distribution of electrons in the ISM to estimate the dispersion measure and pulse scattering of mock events, and a range of models for the spatial distribution and luminosity functions, including models motivated by the spatial distribution of the Milky Way's magnetars. We evaluate the fraction of FRB events in the Milky Way that are detectable by STARE2 for a range of ISM models, spatial distributions and burst luminosity functions. In all the models examined, only a fraction of burst events are detectable, mainly due to the scattering effects of the ISM. We find that GReX, a proposed all-sky experiment, could increase the detection rate of Milky Way FRB events by an order of magnitude, depending on assumptions made about the luminosity function and scale-height of the FRBs.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Anomalous photovoltaic effect in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells
Creators: name: Wang, Q.
name: Yuan, Y.
name: Gruverman, A.
name: Li, T.
name: Xing, J.
name: Huang, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have been demonstrated to be highly successful photovoltaic materials yielding very-high-efficiency solar cells. We report the room temperature observation of an anomalous photovoltaic (APV) effect in lateral structure OIHP devices manifested by the device’s open-circuit voltage (VOC) that is much larger than the bandgap of OIHPs. The persistent VOC is proportional to the electrode spacing, resembling that of ferroelectric photovoltaic devices. However, the APV effect in OIHP devices is not caused by ferroelectricity. The APV effect can be explained by the formation of tunneling junctions randomly dispersed in the polycrystalline films, which allows the accumulation of photovoltage at a macroscopic level. The formation of internal tunneling junctions as a result of ion migration is visualized with Kelvin probe force microscopy scanning. This observation points out a new avenue for the formation of large and continuously tunable VOC without being limited by the materials’ bandgap.
Temperature and Metallicity in the Intra-cluster Medium of ABELL 262 observed with Suzaku
Creators: name: Sato, Kosuke
name: Matsushita, Kyoko
name: Gastaldello, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the temperature and abundance distributions of intra-cluster medium (ICM) in the Abell 262 cluster of galaxies observed with Suzaku. Abell 262 is a bright, nearby poor cluster with ICM temperature of ~2 keV, thus providing useful information about the connection of ICM properties between groups and clusters of galaxies. The observed spectrum of the central region was well-represented by two temperature models, and the spectra for the outer regions were described by single temperature model. With the XIS instrument, we directly measured not only Si, S, and Fe lines but also O and Mg lines and obtained those abundances to an outer region of ~0.43 r_180 for the first time. We found steep gradients for Mg, Si, S, and Fe abundances, while O showed almost flat abundance distribution. Abundance ratios of alpha-elements to Fe were found to be similar to those of the other clusters and groups. We calculated the number ratio of type II to type Ia supernovae for the ICM enrichment to be 3.0 +- 0.6 within 0.1 r_180, and the value was consistent with those for other clusters and groups. We also calculated metal mass-to-light ratios (MLRs) for Fe, O and Mg (IMLR, OMLR, MMLR) with B-band and K-band luminosities of the member galaxies of Abell 262. The derived MLRs were comparable to those for other clusters with kT = 3-4 keV.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Hubbard model on a triangular lattice at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Sherman, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the strong coupling diagram technique, we find three phases of the half-filled isotropic Hubbard model on a triangular lattice at finite temperatures. The weak-interaction ($U\lesssim5t$) and strong-interaction ($U\gtrsim9t$) phases are similar to those obtained by zero-temperature methods -- the former is a metal without perceptible spin excitations; the latter is a Mott insulator with the 120$^\circ$ short-range spin ordering. Zero-temperature approaches predict a nonmagnetic insulating spin-liquid phase sandwiched between these two regions. In our finite-temperature calculations, the Mott gap in the intermediate phase is filled by the Fermi-level peak, which is a manifestation of the bound states of electrons with pronounced spin excitations. We relate the appearance of these excitations at finite temperatures to the Pomeranchuk effect.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 3 of LINC01197 inhibits influenza A virus replication by serving as a PABPC1 decoy
Creators: name: Wang, Yihe
name: Shi, Ning
name: Zhang, Hansi
name: Luo, Jinna
name: Yan, Hongjian
name: Hou, Huiyan
name: Guan, Zhenhong
name: Zhao, Lili
name: Duan, Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 3. The expression of LINC01197 and ISG15 in response to IFN-α stimulation. (A) After 10 ng/mL IFN-α stimulation of A549 cells, RNA was isolated at the indicated times. QRT-PCR determined the levels of ISG15 and LINC01197. (B) qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of LINC01197 and ISG15 in A549 cells treated with different concentrations of IFN-α for 6 h.
Nonlinearity of the Fidelity in Open Qudit Systems: Gate and Noise Dependence in High-dimensional Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Hartmann, Jean-Gabriel
name: Janković, Denis
name: Pasquier, Rémi
name: Ruben, Mario
name: Hervieux, Paul-Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-dimensional quantum computing has generated significant interest due to its potential to address scalability and error correction challenges faced by traditional qubit-based systems. This paper investigates the Average Gate Fidelity (AGF) of single qudit systems under Markovian noise in the Lindblad formalism, extending previous work by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework for the calculation of higher-order correction terms. We derive general expressions for the perturbative expansion of the Average Gate Infidelity (AGI) in terms of the environmental coupling coefficient and validate these with extensive numerical simulations, emphasizing the transition from linear to nonlinear behaviour in the strong coupling regime. Our findings highlight the dependence of AGI on qudit dimensionality, quantum gate choice, and noise strength, providing critical insights for optimising quantum gate design and error correction protocols. Additionally, we utilise our framework to identify universal bounds for the AGI in the strong coupling regime and explore the practical implications for enhancing the performance of near-term qudit architectures. This study offers a robust foundation for future research and development in high-dimensional quantum computing, contributing to the advancement of robust, high-fidelity quantum operations.
Cosmic Ray Muons Timing in the ATLAS Detector
Creators: name: Meirose, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I discuss the use of calorimeter timing both for detector commissioning and in searches for new physics. In particular I present real and simulated cosmic ray muons data results for the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter system. The analysis shows that several detector errors such as imperfect calibrations can be uncovered. I also demonstrate the use of ATLAS Tile Calorimeters excellent timing resolution in suppressing cosmic ray fake missing transverse energy in searches for supersymmetry.
description: Proceedings of CIPANP 2009, peer-reviewed by the ATLAS Collaboration
Computing the multifractal spectrum from time series: An algorithmic approach
Creators: name: Harikrishnan, K. P.
name: Misra, R.
name: Ambika, G.
name: Amritkar, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the existing methods for computing the f(α) spectrum from a time series can be improved by using a new algorithmic scheme. The scheme relies on the basic idea that the smooth convex profile of a typical f(α) spectrum can be fitted with an analytic function involving a set of four independent parameters. While the standard existing schemes [16, 18] generally compute only an incomplete f(α) spectrum (usually the top portion), we show that this can be overcome by an algorithmic approach which is automated to compute the Dq and f(α) spectrum from a time series for any embedding dimension. The scheme is first tested with the logistic attractor with known f(α) curve and subsequently applied to higher dimensional cases. We also show that the scheme can be effectively adapted for analysing practcal time series involving noise, with examples from two widely different real world systems. Moreover, some preliminary results indicating that the set of four independant parameters may be used as diagnostic measures is also included.
description: 10 pages, 16 figures, submitted to CHAOS
Otomastoiditis as an initial manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. A case report
Creators: name: Alejandra Rojas Bringas M.D.
name: Joaquín Molina Muñoz M.D.
name: Alba Nalletzin Bibiano López M.D.
name: Jonathan René Ramírez Macías M.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: Vasculitis are classified according to the type of vessels affected, characterized by the presence or absence of antibodies or markers of infection; the classification should not be confused with the diagnostic criteria, in adults the Chapel Hill nomenclature. Autoantibodies against cytoplasmic antigens expressed on neutrophil granules directed against MPO and PR3 where the relationship of PR3 with ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis granulomatosis with polyangiitis is relevant; the presentation by systems affects ear, nose and throat 83-99%, musculoskeletal 59-77%, respiratory 64-85%, renal 65-77%, skin 33-46%, head manifestations include otic congestion, conductive hearing loss as a result of middle ear inflammation.

 

Keywords: Vasculitis, granulomatosis.
Additional file 5 of Hsa_circ_0004296 inhibits metastasis of prostate cancer by interacting with EIF4A3 to prevent nuclear export of ETS1 mRNA
Creators: name: Mao, Shiyu
name: Zhang, Wentao
name: Yang, Fuhan
name: Guo, Yadong
name: Wang, Hong
name: Wu, Yuan
name: Wang, Ruiliang
name: Maskey, Niraj
name: Zheng, Zongtai
name: Li, Cheng
name: Ma, Wenchao
name: Zhang, Junfeng
name: Yan, Yang
name: Yao, Xudong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S2. The circ_0004296 knockdown promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT induction of PCa cells. A. Schematic illustration of designed siRNAs (siRNA#1, siRNA#2, and siRNA#3) targeting the back-splice junction of circ_0004296. B. The expression of circ_0004296 and ETS1 was detected by qRT-PCR in PC3 and DU145 cells transfected with siRNA-circ_0004296 or si-NC. C, D. CCK8 and colony formation assays were performed to measure the viability of PCa cells after circ_0004296 knockdown. E-H. The migration and invasion abilities of PCa cells were analyzed by wound healing and Transwell assays for migration and invasion after circ_0004296 knockdown. Scale bars =100um. I. Western blotting assay was performed to detected the expression of EMT-related proteins, namely E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail, after circ_0004296 knockdown. J. Protein profiling was used to screen specific proteins bound by circ_0004296 in PCa cells. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites: Ferroelasticity revealed
Creators: name: Shao, Y.
name: Huang, J.
name: Deng, Y.
name: Centrone, A.
name: Chae, J.
name: Gruverman, A.
name: Strelcov, E.
name: Li, T.
name: Dong, Q.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Ferroelectricity has been proposed as a plausible mechanism to explain the high photovoltaic conversion efficiency in organic-inorganic perovskites; however, convincing experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis is still missing. Identifying and distinguishing ferroelectricity from other properties, such as piezoelectricity, ferroelasticity, etc., is typically nontrivial because these phenomena can coexist in many materials. In this work, a combination of microscopic and nanoscale techniques provides solid evidence for the existence of ferroelastic domains in both CH3NH3PbI3 polycrystalline films and single crystals in the pristine state and under applied stress. Experiments show that the configuration of CH3NH3PbI3 ferroelastic domains in single crystals and polycrystalline films can be controlled with applied stress, suggesting that strain engineering may be used to tune the properties of this material. No evidence of concomitant ferroelectricity was observed. Because grain boundaries have an impact on the long-term stability of organic-inorganic perovskite devices, and because the ferroelastic domain boundaries may differ from regular grain boundaries, the discovery of ferroelasticity provides a new variable to consider in the quest for improving their stability and enabling their widespread adoption
Study of scalar meson $a_0(980)$ from $B \to a_0(980)π$ Decays
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhi-Qing
name: Xiao, Zhen-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we calculate the branching ratios and the direct CP-violating asymmetries for decays $\bar{B}^0\to a^0_0(980)π^0, a^+_0(980)π^-, a^-_0(980)π^+$ and $B^-\to a^0_0(980)π^-, a^-_0(980)π^0$ by employing the perturbative QCD factorization approach. Although the light scalar meson $a_0(980)$ is widely perceived as primarily the four-quark bound states, the calculation shows that the 2-quark model supposition for $a_0(980)$ can not be ruled out by the currently available experiment upper limits. In these considered decays, the branching ratio for the $B^-\to a^0_0(980)π^-$ is the largest, $2.8\times 10^{-6}$, while its direct CP asymmetry is the smallest, $\sim 14%$. Although the direct CP asymmetries for the decays $\bar{B}^0\to a^0_0(980)π^0, B^-\to a^-_0(980)π^0$ are large, about $(70\thicksim80)%$, it is still difficult to measure them, since their branching ratios are small, around $(4\thicksim5)\times 10^{-7}$.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Investigation of the relationship between selected skills and first grade reading achievement
Creators: name: Thomson, Doris Jeanne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In a comparative study of successful and unsuccessful readers near the end of first grade, reading achievement tests -were administered to one hundred nine subjects and those scoring in the upper and lower quarters of the ordered standard scores were designated as good and poor readers respectively. A battery of seven tests was administered to the fifty-four subjects thus selected. The battery was composed of two tests of visual perception (visual memory of symbols and reversal of symbols), three verbal coding tests (letters, transposition of consonant trigrams, and phonemes, blends, and phonograms), and two tests of meaningful association (vocabulary listening and sentence listening). It was found that good and poor readers were significantly different (.0001) on the subskills considered simultaneously and beyond the .02 level of significance on each of the seven subskills considered separately. Different patterns of correlation were evidenced with generally significant correlations within the clusters for poor readers but not for good readers. Regression analysis indicated that the verbal coding and meaningful association clusters made significant contributions to the prediction of reading category (successful or unsuccessful). The contribution of the visual perception cluster was also significant when it was entered before the verbal coding cluster. The subskill variables making the greatest contribution to the prediction of reading category were phonemes and vocabulary listening. All subskills with the exception of reversals were significant predictors if they were entered early in the regression analysis. Approximately 85 per cent of the variance in reading achievement as designated by successful or unsuccessful category was accounted for by the subskills tested.
Sanyasi
Creators: name: Wake, Charles Julian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: After researching all the data I could find pertinent to the Indian sanyasi, the subject of this thesis, it became apparent that the principal question raised by this research is being posed again in a contemporary form in the conflict between two schools of the "underground" press. On the one hand is the position of the effervescent counter-culture, emphasizing spontaneous personal self-expression and a kind of self-determination that ignores as much as possible its connections with the society from which it is a peripheral offshoot. On the other is the more radical organized stance which argues that the former's position is self-deceiving, summing it up by saying that "personal solutions are no solutions", (see The Grape, vol. II, no. 12). To the latter, sanyasis are anathema, particularly those (the 'gurus') who ask others to adopt their personal solutions to the problem of social freedom as their own. This thesis accepts the latter's stance and undertakes to demonstrate its validity from a sociological point-of-view. Nonetheless it then goes on to treat sympathetically the relationship between the sanyasi and Indian society, arguing that this relationship allows for personal solutions that are tantamount to redemption for a few individuals. Such solutions are in fact the only ones possible to the problem of freedom from social obligation in India. If renunciation alone makes such solutions possible, then it may be that freedom from social obligations, together with the implication of being free to be one's self without threat to others, can be available to only a few members of any society. (There cannot be a "society" of renunciates.) By examining the other implications of renunciation, it may be possible to learn how whole cohesive units of people can develop such freedoms and yet remain committed social beings with the desirable implications of that condition. By conceding the validity of the sanyasi’s spiritual redemption and the parallel but compensatory and partial redemption for those who remain within society, it is possible to explore the meaning of the religious system of India. Since it has to do with apparently ultimate questions, the conclusions reached are ultimately unsatisfactory. It is tempting to suppose that a more poetical or experiential approach may lead to more satisfying answers. The sociological approach taken does however allow the questions to be framed in a way that may illuminate how they are tackled or answered in our own society. It is too bad that we have to continue with only the hope that an answer can be found which avoids either the extremes of renunciation, overbearing self-assertion or a state of self-abnegating slavery.