cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Role of Van Hove Singularities and Momentum Space Structure in High-Temperature Superconductivity
Creators: name: Radtke, R. J.
name: Levin, K.
name: Schuttler, H. -B.
name: Norman, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a great deal of interest in attributing the high critical temperatures of the cuprates to either the proximity of the Fermi level to a van Hove singularity or to structure of the superconducting pairing potential in momentum space far from the Fermi surface. We examine these ideas by calculating the critical temperature Tc for model Einstein-phonon- and spin-fluctuation-mediated superconductors within both the standard, Fermi-surface-restricted Eliashberg theory and the exact mean field theory, which accounts for the full momentum structure of the pairing potential and the energy dependence of the density of states. By using two models of spin-fluctuation-mediated pairing in the cuprates, we demonstrate that our results are independent of the details of the dynamical susceptibility, which is taken to be the pairing potential. We also compare these two models against available neutron scattering data, since these data provide the most direct constraints on the susceptibility. We conclude that the van Hove singularity does not drastically alter Tc from its value when the density of states is constant and that the effect of momentum structure is significant but secondary in importance to that of the energy dependence in the density of states.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures upon request, revtex version 2, vHs-1
Local-Prompt: Extensible Local Prompts for Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection
Creators: name: Zeng, Fanhu
name: Cheng, Zhen
name: Zhu, Fei
name: Wei, Hongxin
name: Zhang, Xu-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, aiming to distinguish outliers from known categories, has gained prominence in practical scenarios. Recently, the advent of vision-language models (VLM) has heightened interest in enhancing OOD detection for VLM through few-shot tuning. However, existing methods mainly focus on optimizing global prompts, ignoring refined utilization of local information with regard to outliers. Motivated by this, we freeze global prompts and introduce Local-Prompt, a novel coarse-to-fine tuning paradigm to emphasize regional enhancement with local prompts. Our method comprises two integral components: global prompt guided negative augmentation and local prompt enhanced regional regularization. The former utilizes frozen, coarse global prompts as guiding cues to incorporate negative augmentation, thereby leveraging local outlier knowledge. The latter employs trainable local prompts and a regional regularization to capture local information effectively, aiding in outlier identification. We also propose regional-related metric to empower the enrichment of OOD detection. Moreover, since our approach explores enhancing local prompts only, it can be seamlessly integrated with trained global prompts during inference to boost the performance. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of our method. Notably, our method reduces average FPR95 by 5.17% against state-of-the-art method in 4-shot tuning on challenging ImageNet-1k dataset, even outperforming 16-shot results of previous methods. Code is released at https://github.com/AuroraZengfh/Local-Prompt.
description: Accepted by The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2025). Code is available at https://github.com/AuroraZengfh/Local-Prompt
Results related to generalizations of Hilbert's non-immersibility theorem for the hyperbolic plane
Creators: name: Brander, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C42 (Primary); 37K25, 53C35 (Secondary)

description: We discuss generalizations of the well-known theorem of Hilbert that there is no complete isometric immersion of the hyperbolic plane into Euclidean 3-space. We show that this problem is expressed very naturally as the question of the existence of certain homotheties of reflective submanifolds of a symmetric space. As such, we conclude that the only other (non-compact) cases to which this theorem could generalize are the problem of isometric immersions with flat normal bundle of the hyperbolic space $H^n$ into a Euclidean space $E^{n+k}$, $n \geq 2$, and the problem of Lagrangian isometric immersions of $H^n$ into $\cc^n$, $n \geq 2$. Moreover, there are natural compact counterparts to these problems, and for the compact cases we prove that the theorem does in fact generalize: local embeddings exist, but complete immersions do not.
description: 8 Pages. Comments and references added
MOESM3 of CD8+ T cells specific for conserved, cross-reactive Gag epitopes with strong ability to suppress HIV-1 replication
Creators: name: Murakoshi, Hayato
name: Chengcheng Zou
name: Kuse, Nozomi
name: Akahoshi, Tomohiro
name: Chikata, Takayuki
name: Gatanaga, Hiroyuki
name: Oka, Shinichi
name: TomĂĄĹĄ Hanke
name: Takiguchi, Masafumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Correlation between a total magnitude of T-cell responses to 5 epitopes and pVL and CD4 count. T-cell responses to 5 epitope peptides (AA9, TL8, WV8, RI8, and HR10) were analyzed in 149 individuals carrying the HLA restriction molecules by using the IFN-Îł ELISPOT assay. Correlation coefficients (r) and p-values were determined by using the Spearman rank correlation test.
Low-lying states in even Gd isotopes studied with five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on covariant density functional theory
Creators: name: Shi, Z.
name: Chen, Q. B.
name: Zhang, S. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on the covariant density functional theory has been applied to study the the low-lying states of even-even $^{148-162}$Gd isotopes. The shape evolution from $^{148}$Gd to $^{162}$Gd is presented. The experimental energy spectra and intraband $B(E2)$ transition probabilities for the $^{148-162}$Gd isotopes are reproduced by the present calculations. The relative $B(E2)$ ratios in present calculations are also compared with the available interacting boson model results and experimental data. It is found that the occupations of neutron $1i_{13/2}$ orbital result in the well-deformed prolate shape, and are essential for Gd isotopes.
description: 11pages, 10figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions d’Izeure (XVe siècle), Cart. 178 (11 H 80), 82 folios, f. 0077
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2015
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions d’Izeure (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 178 (11 H 80), 82 folios, f. 0077, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions d’Izeure (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 178 (11 H 80), 82 folios, f. 0077, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
First Principles Study of Angular Dependence of Spin-Orbit Torque in Pt/Co and Pd/Co Bilayers
Creators: name: Mahfouzi, Farzad
name: Kioussis, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced by spin Hall and interfacial effects in heavy metal(HM)/ferromagnetic(FM) bilayers has recently been employed to switch the magnetization direction using in-plane current injection. In this paper, using the Keldysh Green's function approach and first principles electronic structure calculations we determine the Field-Like (FL) and Damping-Like (DL) components of the SOT for the HM/Co (HM = Pt, Pd) bilayers. Our approach yields the angular dependence of both the FL- and DL-SOT on the magnetization direction without assuming a priori their angular form. Decomposition of the SOT into the Fermi sea and Fermi surface contributions reveals that the SOT is dominated by the latter. Due to the large lattice mismatch between the Co and the HM we have also determined the effect of tensile biaxial strain on both the FL- and DL-SOT components. The calculated dependence of FL- and DL-SOT on the HM thickness is overall in good agreement with experiment. The dependence of the SOT with the position of the Fermi level suggests that the DL-SOT dominated by the Spin Hall effect of the bulk HM.
description: 6 Pages, 6 Figures
Bootstrapping the critical behavior of multi-matrix models
Creators: name: Khalkhali, Masoud
name: Pagliaroli, Nathan
name: Parfeni, Andrei
name: Smith, Brayden
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A52

description: Given a matrix model, by combining the Schwinger-Dyson equations with positivity constraints on its solutions, in the large $N$ limit one is able to obtain explicit and numerical bounds on its moments. This technique is known as bootstrapping with positivity. In this paper we use this technique to estimate the critical points and exponents of several multi-matrix models. As a proof of concept, we first show it can be used to find the well-studied quartic single matrix model's critical phenomena. We then apply the method to several similar ``unsolved" 2-matrix models with various quartic interactions. We conjecture and present strong evidence for the string susceptibility exponent for some of these models to be $γ= 1/2$, which heuristically indicates that the continuum limit will likely be the Continuum Random Tree. For the other 2-matrix models, we find estimates of new string susceptibility exponents that may indicate a new continuum limit. We then study an unsolved 3-matrix model that generalizes the 3-colour model with cubic interactions. Additionally, for all of these models, we are able to derive explicitly the first several terms of the free energy in the large $N$ limit as a power series expansion in the coupling constants at zero by exploiting the structure of the Schwinger-Dyson equations.
description: 40 pages, 11 figures
Solving Markov decision processes for network-level post-hazard recovery via simulation optimization and rollout
Creators: name: Sarkale, Yugandhar
name: Nozhati, Saeed
name: Chong, Edwin K. P.
name: Ellingwood, Bruce
name: Mahmoud, Hussam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Computation of optimal recovery decisions for community resilience assurance post-hazard is a combinatorial decision-making problem under uncertainty. It involves solving a large-scale optimization problem, which is significantly aggravated by the introduction of uncertainty. In this paper, we draw upon established tools from multiple research communities to provide an effective solution to this challenging problem. We provide a stochastic model of damage to the water network (WN) within a testbed community following a severe earthquake and compute near-optimal recovery actions for restoration of the water network. We formulate this stochastic decision-making problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), and solve it using a popular class of heuristic algorithms known as rollout. A simulation-based representation of MDPs is utilized in conjunction with rollout and the Optimal Computing Budget Allocation (OCBA) algorithm to address the resulting stochastic simulation optimization problem. Our method employs non-myopic planning with efficient use of simulation budget. We show, through simulation results, that rollout fused with OCBA performs competitively with respect to rollout with total equal allocation (TEA) at a meagre simulation budget of 5-10% of rollout with TEA, which is a crucial step towards addressing large-scale community recovery problems following natural disasters.
description: Submitted to Simulation Optimization for Cyber Physical Energy Systems (Special Session) in 14th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering
HST Observations of the Distant Cluster 0016+16: Quantitative Morphology of Confirmed Cluster Members
Creators: name: Wirth, Gregory D.
name: Koo, David C.
name: Kron, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HST images of 24 confirmed members of the distant galaxy cluster Cl0016+16 at redshift 0.55. The Balmer-strong (``E+A'') and emission- line galaxies frequently show unusual visual morphology, implying that galaxian interactions produce ``active'' galaxies in moderate-redshift clusters. We use the image concentration index as a quantitative measure of morphology to show that these unusual galaxies appear disklike, while the normal red galaxies resemble E/S0s. Although consistent with HST observations by Dressler et al. in Cl0939+4713 ($z=0.41$), our results differ from the Couch et al. finding that most Balmer-strong galaxies in AC114 ($z=0.31$) resemble ellipticals. The entire ``E+A'' sample is small, but if future studies confirm their diversity, it will suggest that they have different origins.
description: 11 pages, uuencoded compressed PostScript, accepted to ApJ Letters, LICK-32
NeutralUniverseMachine: How Filaments and Dark Matter Halo Influence the Galaxy Cold Gas Content
Creators: name: Ma, Wenlin
name: Guo, Hong
name: Jones, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We aim to investigate the influence of the distance to filaments and dark-matter haloes on galaxy cold-gas content in the empirical model NeutralUniverseMachine (NUM) and the hydrodynamical simulation IllustrisTNG. Methods. We used DisPerSE to identify cosmic web structures and calculate the distance of galaxies to filaments for both observations and models. We show the results of the HI and H2 mass functions, HI- and H2-halo-mass relations, HI- and H2-stellar-mass relations for galaxies in the NUM model and IllustrisTNG with different distances to filaments and compare them with observational measurements. We also show the evolution of HI and H2 mass densities at different distances to filament bins. Results. We find that how filaments affect the HI gas is generally less significant compared to the halo environment. There is a weak trend in the observations at z=0 that low-mass haloes lying closer to the filaments tend to have reduced HI masses. However, this trend reverses for massive haloes with log(Mvir/Msun) > 12.5. This behaviour is accurately reproduced in the NUM model due to the dependence of HI gas on the halo formation time, but it does not appear in IllustrisTNG. The influence of filaments on the HI gas becomes slightly weaker at higher redshifts and is only significant for galaxies that reside in massive haloes in the NUM model. Filaments have almost no impact on the H2-stellar-mass relation in both models, confirming that H2 is primarily determined by the galaxy stellar mass and star formation rate.
description: Accepted by A&A, 10 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 2: of Assessment of vector competence of UK mosquitoes for Usutu virus of African origin
Creators: name: Hernรกndez-Triana, Luis
name: Marco, Maria De
name: Mansfield, Karen
name: Thorne, Leigh
name: Lumley, Sarah
name: Marston, Denise
name: Fooks, Anthony
name: Johnson, Nick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Text S2. Membrane-based infection studies in mosquitoes. (DOCX 17 kb)
A Review on Flood Risk Conceptual Frameworks and Development of Hierarchical Structures for Assessment Criteria
Creators: name: Tabasi, Nazgol
name: Fereshtehpour, Mohammad
name: Roghani, Bardia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Climate change and rapid urbanization have led to more frequent and severe flooding, causing significant damage. The existing literature on flood risk encompasses a variety of dimensions, such as physical, economic, social, political, environmental, infrastructural, and managerial aspects. This paper aims to provide an extensive review of proposed conceptual frameworks and their components used in flood risk assessment. For this purpose, Initially, conceptual frameworks were extracted to configure the components of flood risk including hazard, vulnerability, exposure, resilience, and susceptibility. Subsequently, a comprehensive set of criteria from the literature were identified, addressing risk components. In this paper, the risk conceptual framework is defined by the intersection of vulnerability and hazard. Vulnerability, shaped by exposure and susceptibility, can be reduced by enhancing resiliency, which includes coping and adaptive capacities. In total, 102 criteria/subcriteria were identified and classified into three hierarchical structures of hazard, susceptibility, and resilience. Finally, flood risk assessment methods were reviewed, with an emphasis on their applicability and characteristics. The review highlighted the strengths and limitations of various methods, providing a comprehensive overview of their suitability for different scenarios. The outcomes of this review could serve as a valuable reference for professionals involved in flood risk assessment, aiding in the identification of the most appropriate risk concepts, assessment criteria, and suitable methods for quantification based on the specific study area and data availability.
Markovian robots: minimal navigation strategies for active particles
Creators: name: Nava, Luis Gómez
name: Großmann, Robert
name: Peruani, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore minimal navigation strategies for active particles in complex, dynamical, external fields, introducing a class of autonomous, self-propelled particles which we call Markovian robots (MR). These machines are equipped with a navigation control system (NCS) that triggers random changes in the direction of self-propulsion of the robots. The internal state of the NCS is described by a Boolean variable that adopts two values. The temporal dynamics of this Boolean variable is dictated by a closed Markov chain -- ensuring the absence of fixed points in the dynamics -- with transition rates that may depend exclusively on the instantaneous, local value of the external field. Importantly, the NCS does not store past measurements of this value in continuous, internal variables. We show that, despite the strong constraints, it is possible to conceive closed Markov chain motifs that lead to nontrivial motility behaviors of the MR in one, two and three dimensions. By analytically reducing the complexity of the NCS dynamics, we obtain an effective description of the long-time motility behavior of the MR that allows us to identify the minimum requirements in the design of NCS motifs and transition rates to perform complex navigation tasks such as adaptive gradient following, detection of minima or maxima, or selection of a desired value in a dynamical, external field. We put these ideas in practice by assembling a robot that operates by the proposed minimalistic NCS to evaluate the robustness of MR, providing a proof-of-concept that is possible to navigate through complex information landscapes with such a simple NCS whose internal state can be stored in one bit. These ideas may prove useful for the engineering of miniaturized robots.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Dating the tidal disruption of globular clusters with Gaia data on their stellar streams
Creators: name: Bose, Sownak
name: Ginsburg, Idan
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaia mission promises to deliver precision astrometry at an unprecedented level, heralding a new era for discerning the kinematic and spatial coordinates of stars in our Galaxy. Here, we present a new technique for estimating the age of tidally disrupted globular cluster streams using the proper motions and parallaxes of tracer stars. We evolve the collisional dynamics of globular clusters within the evolving potential of a Milky Way-like halo extracted from a cosmological $Λ$CDM simulation and analyze the resultant streams as they would be observed by Gaia. The simulations sample a variety of globular cluster orbits, and account for stellar evolution and the gravitational influence of the disk of the Milky Way. We show that a characteristic timescale, obtained from the dispersion of the proper motions and parallaxes of stars within the stream, is a good indicator for the time elapsed since the stream has been freely expanding away due to the tidal disruption of the globular cluster. This timescale, in turn, places a lower limit on the age of the cluster. The age can be deduced from astrometry using a modest number of stars, with the error on this estimate depending on the proximity of the stream and the number of tracer stars used.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Historical Letters – Objectives, Design, Details
Creators: name: Vogl, Malte
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: A letter-sending model with historically informed initial positions to reconstruct com-munication and archiving processes in the Republic of Letters, the 15th- to 17th-centuryform of scholarship.

The model is aimed at historians, willing to formalize historical assumptions about theletter-sending process itself and allows in principle to set heterogeneous social roles, e.g.to evaluate the role of gender or social status in the formation of letter exchange networks.The model furthermore includes a pruning process to simulate the loss of letters tocritically asses the role of archiving biases e.g. in relation to gender, geographical regions,or power structures, in the creation of collections of letters (referred from here on asempirical letter archives
title: ADCO, Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515) (11 H 1162), f. 00030
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: comptes

description: Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1162). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1162), f. 00030, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Helicity Modulus and Meissner Effect in a Fluctuating Type II Superconductor
Creators: name: Chen, Tao
name: Teitel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The helicity modulus for a fluctuating type II superconductor is computed within the elastic medium approximation, as a probe of superconducting phase coherence and the Meissner effect in the mixed state. We argue that at the vortex line lattice melting transition, there remains superconducting coherence parallel to the applied magnetic field, provided the vortex line liquid retains a finite shear modulus at finite wavevector.
description: 10 pages, 0 figures, RevTex3.0, UR-93-ST01
On the Background Independence of String Field Theory: III. Explicit Field Redefinitions
Creators: name: Sen, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given two conformal field theories related to each other by a marginal perturbation, and string field theories constructed around such backgrounds, we show how to construct explicit redefinition of string fields which relate these two string field theories. The analysis is carried out completely for quadratic and cubic terms in the action. Although a general proof of existence of field redefinitions which relate higher point vertices is not given, specific examples are discussed. Equivalence of string field theories formulated around two conformal field theories which are not close to each other, but are related to each other by a series of marginal deformations, is also discussed. The analysis can also be applied to study the equivalence of different formulation of string field theories around the same background.
description: 46 pages
Structured variable selection in support vector machines
Creators: name: Wu, Seongho
name: Zou, Hui
name: Yuan, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68T10 (Primary) 62G05 (Secondary)

description: When applying the support vector machine (SVM) to high-dimensional classification problems, we often impose a sparse structure in the SVM to eliminate the influences of the irrelevant predictors. The lasso and other variable selection techniques have been successfully used in the SVM to perform automatic variable selection. In some problems, there is a natural hierarchical structure among the variables. Thus, in order to have an interpretable SVM classifier, it is important to respect the heredity principle when enforcing the sparsity in the SVM. Many variable selection methods, however, do not respect the heredity principle. In this paper we enforce both sparsity and the heredity principle in the SVM by using the so-called structured variable selection (SVS) framework originally proposed in Yuan, Joseph and Zou (2007). We minimize the empirical hinge loss under a set of linear inequality constraints and a lasso-type penalty. The solution always obeys the desired heredity principle and enjoys sparsity. The new SVM classifier can be efficiently fitted, because the optimization problem is a linear program. Another contribution of this work is to present a nonparametric extension of the SVS framework, and we propose nonparametric heredity SVMs. Simulated and real data are used to illustrate the merits of the proposed method.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-EJS125 the Electronic Journal of Statistics (http://www.i-journals.org/ejs/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Spheroidal and conical shapes of ferrofluid-filled capsules in magnetic fields
Creators: name: Wischnewski, Christian
name: Kierfeld, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the deformation of soft spherical elastic capsules filled with a ferrofluid in external uniform magnetic fields at fixed volume by a combination of numerical and analytical approaches. We develop a numerical iterative solution strategy based on nonlinear elastic shape equations to calculate the stretched capsule shape numerically and a coupled finite element and boundary element method to solve the corresponding magnetostatic problem, and employ analytical linear response theory, approximative energy minimization, and slender-body theory. The observed deformation behavior is qualitatively similar to the deformation of ferrofluid droplets in uniform magnetic fields. Homogeneous magnetic fields elongate the capsule, and a discontinuous shape transition from a spheroidal shape to a conical shape takes place at a critical field strength. We investigate how capsule elasticity modifies this hysteretic shape transition. We show that conical capsule shapes are possible but involve diverging stretch factors at the tips, which gives rise to rupture for real capsule materials. In a slender-body approximation we find that the critical susceptibility above which conical shapes occur for ferrofluid capsules is the same as for droplets. At small fields capsules remain spheroidal, and we characterize the deformation of spheroidal capsules both analytically and numerically. Finally, we determine whether wrinkling of a spheroidal capsule occurs during elongation in a magnetic field and how it modifies the stretching behavior. We find the nontrivial dependence between the extent of the wrinkled region and capsule elongation. Our results can be helpful in order to quantitatively determine capsule or ferrofluid material properties from magnetic deformation experiments. All results also apply to elastic capsules filled with a dielectric liquid in an external uniform electric field.
MOESM2 of CD8+ T cells specific for conserved, cross-reactive Gag epitopes with strong ability to suppress HIV-1 replication
Creators: name: Murakoshi, Hayato
name: Chengcheng Zou
name: Kuse, Nozomi
name: Akahoshi, Tomohiro
name: Chikata, Takayuki
name: Gatanaga, Hiroyuki
name: Oka, Shinichi
name: TomĂĄĹĄ Hanke
name: Takiguchi, Masafumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Association of the T-cell responses to AA9, WV8, or RI8 with pVL or CD4 count. T-cell responses to the 3 epitope peptides were analyzed by using the IFN-Îł ELISPOT assay. The differences in pVL or CD4 count between responders and non-responders to each epitope peptide in the individuals having HLA restriction molecules for the epitopes were statistically analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Additional file 1: of Assessment of vector competence of UK mosquitoes for Usutu virus of African origin
Creators: name: Hernรกndez-Triana, Luis
name: Marco, Maria De
name: Mansfield, Karen
name: Thorne, Leigh
name: Lumley, Sarah
name: Marston, Denise
name: Fooks, Anthony
name: Johnson, Nick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Text S1. Mosquito maintenance. (DOCX 15 kb)
Measurement resolution enhanced coherence for lattice fermions
Creators: name: Hurst, H. M.
name: Teoh, Yik Haw
name: Spielman, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak measurement enables the extraction of targeted information from a quantum system while minimizing decoherence due to measurement backaction. However, in many-body quantum systems backaction can have unexpected effects on wavefunction collapse. We theoretically study a minimal many-particle model consisting of weakly measured non-interacting fermions in a one dimensional lattice. Repeated measurement of on-site occupation number with single-site resolution stochastically drives the system toward a Fock state, regardless of the initial state. This need not be the case for measurements that do not, even in principle, have single-site spatial resolution. We numerically show for systems with up to 16 sites that decreasing the spatial resolution strongly affects both the rate of stochastic evolution for each quantum trajectory and the allowed final states. The full Hilbert space can be partitioned into backaction-free subspaces (BFSs) the elements of which are indistinguishable to these measurements. Repeated measurements will drive any initial state into a single BFS, leading to a steady state that is a fixed point of the measurement process. We exactly calculate the properties of these BFSs for systems up to 32 sites and find that even for moderate reductions in measurement resolution they yield non-trivial steady state entanglement and coherence.
description: Published version
Real-space cosmic fields from redshift-space distributions: a Green function approach
Creators: name: Tegmark, Max
name: Bromley, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for reconstructing the cosmological density, peculiar velocity and peculiar gravitational potential on large scales from redshift data. We remove the distorting effects of line-of-sight peculiar motions by using the linear theory of gravitational instability, in which the potential is the solution to a linear partial differential equation first derived by Kaiser. We solve this equation by deriving its Green function; the Green functions for the peculiar velocity and the real-space density follow directly. Reconstruction of the cosmic fields is thus reduced to integration over redshift space with the appropriate Green function kernel. Our algorithm has a single input parameter, beta=Omega^0.6/b, where b is the linear bias factor and Omega is the cosmological density parameter. We discuss the virtues of this method for error control, for estimating beta, and for constraining the bias mechanism.
description: 22 pages, incl 3 figures. Stone-age postscript replaced by LATeX. Latest version at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~max/zspace.html (faster from the US), from http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~max/zspace.html (faster from Europe) or from max@mppmu.mpg.de
Experimental and molecular modeling approach on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in HCl solution with quinoxaline inhibitors
Creators: name: Laabaissi, Thami
name: Rouifi, Zakaria
name: Missioui, Mohcine
name: Benhiba, Fouad
name: Al-Gorair, Arej S.
name: Al-Juaid, Salih S.
name: Abdallah, Metwally
name: Saranya, Jagadeesan
name: Warad, Ismail
name: Oudda, Hassan
name: Ramli, Youssef
name: Zarrouk, Abdelkader
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Two new quinoxaline derivatives namely (E)-3-(2-chlorostyryl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (CSQO) & (E)-3-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)quinoxaline-2(1H)one (TVQO) were synthesized and identified through the following methods like infrared (IR) analysis, mass spectrometry,1H NMR and 13C NMR. Weight loss, electrochemical techniques [PDP&SIE], surface analytical techniques [SEM&UV-Visible], quantum chemical calculations [DFT], and MD simulations have all been used to examine the effectiveness of CSQO and TVQO in preventing the corrosion of mild steel. According to the findings of the experiments, the inhibitors CSQO and TVQO effectively suppress the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution, with maximum corrosion inhibition of 97.0 and 95.5% at 10−3 M for CSQO and TVQO, respectively. Based on PDP investigations, CSQO and TVQO function as mixed-type inhibitors, and their adsorption on the MS surface follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the mode of adsorption is chemisorption. Both surface investigations (SEM and UV-Visible) have validated the protective layer that developed on the metal surface. DFT calculations and MD simulations were used to study the association between inhibitor molecular structure [CSQO and TVQO] and inhibitory efficacy, and they closely match the experimental findings.
Stabilizing the gravitational action and Coleman's solution to the cosmological constant problem
Creators: name: Carlini, Alberto
name: Martellini, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the 5-th time action formalism introduced by Halpern and Greensite to stabilize the unbounded Euclidean 4-D gravity in two simple minisuperspace models. In particular, we show that, at the semiclassical level ($\hbar \rightarrow 0$), we still have as a leading saddle point the $S^4$ solution and the Coleman peak at zero cosmological constant, for a fixed De Witt supermetric. At the quantum (one-loop) level the scalar gravitational modes give a positive semi-definite Hessian contribution to the 5-D partition function, thus removing the Polchinski phase ambiguity.
description: 7 pages
Isotropic LQC and LQC--inspired Models with a massless scalar field as Generalised Brans--Dicke theories
Creators: name: Rama, S. Kalyana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore whether generalised Brans -- Dicke theories, which have a scalar field $Φ$ and a function $ω(Φ)$, can be the effective actions leading to the effective equations of motion of the LQC and the LQC--inspired models, which have a massless scalar field $σ$ and a function $f(m) \;$. We find that this is possible for isotropic cosmology. We relate the pairs $(σ, f)$ and $(Φ, ω)$ and, using examples, illustrate these relations. We find that near the bounce of the LQC evolutions for which $f(m) = sin \; m$, the corresponding field $Φ\to 0$ and the function $ω(Φ) \propto Φ^2 \;$. We also find that the class of generalised Brans -- Dicke theories, which we had found earlier to lead to non singular isotropic evolutions, may be written as an LQC--inspired model. The relations found here in the isotropic cases do not apply to the anisotropic cases, which perhaps require more general effective actions.
description: Version 3. 33 pages. Minor change. To appear in General Relativity and Gravitation
Techniques on mesh generation for the brain shift simulation
Creators: name: Lobos, Claudio
name: Bucki, Marek
name: Payan, Yohan
name: Hitschfeld, Nancy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neurosurgery interventions involve complex tracking systems because a tissue deformation takesplace. The neuronavigation system relies only on preoperative images. In order to overcome the soft tissue deformations and guarantee the accuracy of the navigation a biomechanical model can be used during surgery to simulate the deformation of the brain. Therefore, a mesh generation for an optimal real-time Finite Element Model (FEM) becomes crucial. In this work we present different alternatives from a meshgeneration point of view that were evaluated to optimize the process in terms of elements quantity and quality as well as constraints of a intraoperative application and patient specific data.
Three-disk microswimmer in a supported fluid membrane
Creators: name: Ota, Yui
name: Hosaka, Yuto
name: Yasuda, Kento
name: Komura, Shigeyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of three-disk micromachine swimming in a quasi two-dimensional supported membrane is proposed. We calculate the average swimming velocity as a function of the disk size and the arm length. Due to the presence of the hydrodynamic screening length in the quasi two-dimensional fluid, the geometric factor appearing in the average velocity exhibits three different asymptotic behaviors depending on the microswimmer size and the hydrodynamic screening length. This is in sharp contrast with a microswimmer in a three-dimensional bulk fluid that shows only a single scaling behavior. We also find that the maximum velocity is obtained when the disks are equal-sized, whereas it is minimized when the average arm lengths are identical. The intrinsic drag of the disks on the substrate does not alter the scaling behaviors of the geometric factor.
Compact Inversely-Designed Vertical Coupler with Bottom Reflector for Sub-Decibel Fiber-to-Chip Coupling on Silicon-on-Insulator Platform
Creators: name: Huang, Shiang-Yu
name: Barz, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inverse design via topology optimization has led to innovations in integrated photonics and offers a promising way for designing high-efficiency on-chip couplers with a minimal footprint. In this work, we exploit topology optimization to design a compact vertical coupler incorporating a bottom reflector, which achieves sub-decibel coupling efficiency on the 220-nm silicon-on-insulator platform. The final design of the vertical coupler yields a predicted coupling efficiency of -0.35 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm with a footprint of 14 μm x 14 μm, which is considerably smaller than conventional grating couplers. Its topology-optimized geometry can be realized by applying one full etch and one 70-nm shallow-etch process and the fabricability is also guaranteed by a minimum feature size around 150 nm. The proposed vertical coupler can further miniaturize photonic integrated circuits and enable highly-efficient networks between optical fibers and other photonic devices.
Incoherent conductivity of holographic charge density waves
Creators: name: Goutéraux, Blaise
name: Jokela, Niko
name: Pönni, Arttu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The DC resistivity of charge density waves weakly-pinned by disorder is controlled by diffusive, incoherent processes rather than slow momentum relaxation. The corresponding incoherent conductivity can be computed in the limit of zero disorder. We compute this transport coefficient in holographic spatially modulated breaking translations spontaneously. As a by-product of our analysis, we clarify how the boundary heat current is obtained from a conserved bulk current, defined as a suitable generalization of the Iyer-Wald Noether current of the appropriate Killing vector.
description: v2: 17 pages + appendices, references added
Hardware-Efficient Preparation of Graph States on Near-Term Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Brandhofer, Sebastian
name: Polian, Ilia
name: Barz, Stefanie
name: Bhatti, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly entangled quantum states are an ingredient in numerous applications in quantum computing. However, preparing these highly entangled quantum states on currently available quantum computers at high fidelity is limited by ubiquitous errors. Besides improving the underlying technology of a quantum computer, the scale and fidelity of these entangled states in near-term quantum computers can be improved by specialized compilation methods. In this work, the compilation of quantum circuits for the preparation of highly entangled architecture-specific graph states is addressed by defining and solving a formal model. Our model incorporates information about gate cancellations, gate commutations, and accurate gate timing to determine an optimized graph state preparation circuit. Up to now, these aspects have only been considered independently of each other, typically applied to arbitrary quantum circuits. We quantify the quality of a generated state by performing stabilizer measurements and determining its fidelity. We show that our new method reduces the error when preparing a seven-qubit graph state by 3.5x on average compared to the state-of-the-art Qiskit solution. For a linear eight-qubit graph state, the error is reduced by 6.4x on average. The presented results highlight the ability of our approach to prepare higher fidelity or larger-scale graph states on gate-based quantum computing hardware.