Scopadus ciliatus Pascoe 1857
Creators: name: Santos-Silva, Antonio
name: Nascimento, Francisco E. de L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Scopadus
Scopadus ciliatus

description: Scopadus ciliatus Pascoe, 1857
(Figs 3, 6-10)
Scopadus ciliatus PASCOE, 1857:100; THOMSON, 1864:131; GEMMINGER, 1873:3171 (cat.); AURIVILLIUS, 1923:450 (cat.; part); BLACKWELDER, 1946:620 (checklist); HOWDEN,1959:372; GILMOUR, 1965:624 (cat.); MONNÉ & GIESBERT, 1994:270 (checklist); MONNÉ, 1995:5 (cat.; part); 2005:15,101 (checklist); MONNÉ, 2018:504 (cat.; part).
Female (Figs 3, 6-9). Head dorsally dark brown, almost black; reddish-brown ventrally, darker anteriorly and laterally. Scape, pedicel and antennomere III dark yellowish brown; antennomere IV dark yellowish brown except brown distal area; remaining antennomeres brown, distinctly darker from VIII. Pronotum black except small dark reddish-brown centrally close to posterior margin, and reddish-brown sides also close to posterior margin (this area prolonged toward sides of prothorax); sides of prothorax black, except reddish-brown posterior area, and anterior area close to prosternum; prosternum reddish brown anteriorly, gradually yellowish-brown toward apex of prosternal process. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax yellowish-brown, slightly darkened on some areas, except dark-brown metanepisternum (almost black toward posterior area). Elytra mostly yellowish brown on about anterior half, except narrow, cordiform brown band dorsally (darkened toward its apex), and paler band adjacent to outer side of cordiform band; posterior half black. Legs yellowish brown except dark brown, irregular macula on dorsal and lateral sides of clave of metafemora, and slightly darker areas on tibiae, and dark reddish-brown tarsi. Abdominal ventrites black. Erect setae black on about basal third/half, yellowish on distal two-thirds/half.
Head. Frons large, trapezoid, opaQue, densely micropunctate; with minute, sparse yellowish setae, denser, slightly longer laterally and close to clypeus; with long, sparse setae throughout.Area between antennal tubercles and region slightly after posterior ocular margin with sculpturing as on frons; with minute sparse yellowish setae, denser, slightly longer from eyes; with erect, sparser setae, slightly shorter than on frons. Remaining surface of vertex densely micropunctate, interspersed with fine, sparse punctures; with minute, sparse yellowish setae (more whitish depending on light intensity), glabrous close to prothorax. Area behind eyes densely micropunctate, interspersed with fine, sparse punctures; with minute yellowish setae close to eye (this area slightly widened toward inferior side of lower lobe), interspersed with a few long, erect setae, glabrous on remaining surface. Genae slightly longer than lower eye lobe; densely micropunctate, finely, transversely striate about middle, smooth on apex; with short, sparse yellowish setae, and long, sparse, long setae except glabrous smooth area. Antennal tubercles densely micropunctate, opaQue except shining almost smooth distal area; with moderately abundant, decumbent, short yellowish setae, interspersed with long, erect, sparse setae except glabrous shining area. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Postclypeus narrow, nearly coplanar with frons posteriorly, strongly inclined toward anteclypeus; finely carina-shaped on wide central area; glabrous laterally and close to frons, with both, short and long yellowish setae on inclined area. Labrum large, convex, coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior 2/3, inclined at anterior third; finely, sparsely punctate on central area; with minute, very sparse, decumbent golden setae, and a few long, erect setae on posterior 2/3, short, erect, moderately abundant golden setae on inclined area, and fringe of golden setae on anterior margin. Gulamentum smooth, shining, glabrous on wide posterior area, strongly inclined, with long, erect setae anteriorly (anterior margin distinctly projected centrally toward mentum). Eyes not divided; area of connection between ocular lobes with 2–3 rows of ommatidia; distance between upper eye lobes 0.3 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.8 times length of scape.Antennae 2.3 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal third of antennomere VIII. Scape gradually widened toward apex (distal area about twice width of basal area); with yellowish pubescence dorsally, sparse laterally, absent ventrally; with long, erect, sparse setae throughout.Antennomeres III–IV with yellowish pubescence dorsally, sparse laterally, absent ventrally; with moderately long, erect, sparse setae dorsally, and long, more abundant, aligned erect setae ventrally. Antennomeres V–XI with brownish, slightly conspicuous pubescence, interspersed with short, erect setae throughout, and a few long, erect setae at apex of V–X. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.02; pedicel = 0.16; IV = 1.21; V = 0.73; VI = 0.67; VII = 0.65; VIII = 0.62; IX = 0.62; X = 0.57; XI = 0.81.
Thorax. Prothorax slightly longer than wide; wider anteriorly than posteriorly; sides sinuous, forming gibbous area on anterior half, and another smaller between middle and posterior Quarter; dorsal surface of posterior gibbous with small, nearly conical, inclined tubercle; area close to anterior margin with narrow constriction. Pronotum in lateral view, nearly horizontal at anterior and posterior sixth, strongly inclined between these areas; densely micropunctate, opaQue; with long, moderately sparse erect setae; with nearly black pubescence partially obscuring integument except: white pubescent band centrally, from posterior sixth to about middle (denser near middle of pronotum); yellowish-white pubescent macula on each close to posterior margin; yellowish-brown pubescence on center of posterior sixth; obliQue, nearly triangular yellowish-brown pubescent macula on each side of anterior area of central white pubescent band; yellowish-brown pubescent macula laterally on posterior third, partially covering posterior gibbous area; nearly glabrous laterally on posterior sixth (this area widened toward sides of prothorax). Sides of prothorax with long, moderately sparse erect setae; with nearly black pubescence partially obscuring integument except: glabrous area close to posterior margin; wide yellowish-white pubescence area close to glabrous area; nearly glabrous anterior area close to prosternum. Prosternum with yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument on about posterior 2/3, glabrous on anterior third; with long, erect, sparse setae on pubescent area. Prosternal process nearly glabrous except sides of posterior area with sparse yellowish-white pubescence. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with yellowish-white pubescence except subtriangular posterocentral area of metaventrite with short, sparse erect setae; metaventrite with long, erect, sparse yellowish-white setae throughout. Scutellum with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Elytra: anterior conical tubercle large; with obliQue sulcus from near humerus to near suture before middle; outer side of obliQue sulcus margined by wide tumid band; with aligned, coarse punctures from base to about apex of anterior third, on sides of scutellum and along suture; with coarse punctures on sides of obliQue anterior sulcus; coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate from tumid area of anterior half to lateral margin; with both, coarse and moderately finely, sparse punctures on remaining surface of basal half; distal half nearly smooth. Anterior half mostly with yellowish-brown pubescence, partially obscuring integument on some areas, except: two white pubescent spots on middle of dorsal area; inverted, slightly inclined L-shaped dark-brown pubescent band on basal third, from suture to anterior tubercle; dark-brown pubescence inside of obliQue sulcus of basal half; sparse grayish-white pubescence on tumid area of basal half. Posterior half with dark pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with sparse whitish pubescence on its anterior area. Entire surface with long, erect setae, more abundant on posterior half. Apex of anterior tubercle with long, erect setae. Legs: femora with sparse yellowish-brown pubescence (denser dorsally), and long, erect, sparse setae; pro- and mesotibiae with yellowish-brown pubescence, denser, forming narrow crest along center of dorsal surface, sparser on laterally and basal half of ventral surface; with long, erect, sparse setae; metatibiae with pubescence and erect setae as on pro- and mesotibiae, but crest-pubescent band along center of dorsal surface yellowish-white on basal half, white on distal half.
Abdomen. Ventrites finely, sparsely punctate; anterior area of ventrite I with grayish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; remaining area of ventrite I and II–V with long, erect, sparse yellowish-white setae; apex of ventrite V nearly truncate.
Dimensions (mm), 1 female. Total length, 9.45; prothoracic length, 2.10; anterior prothoracic width, 2.05; posterior prothoracic width, 1.80; maximum prothoracic width, 2.15; humeral width, 2.90; elytral length, 5.65. According to PASCOE (1857), the length of the holotype (apparently a male) is 4 lines (≈ 8.5 mm).
Material examined. PERU, Loreto: Pebas (Rio Amazonas; -3.313042 / -71.870277), 1 female, 17.IV.2010, J.J.R. Hernandez col. (JJRH).
Distribution. Scopadus ciliatus was described from “Ad Flumen Amazon.” This means that the specimen was collected near the Amazon River. Not considering the information byAURIVILLIUS (1923), who listed “Amazonas: Ega” (evidently based on the misidentification by BATES (1866)), the type locality of the species has been recorded as Brazil (Amazonas). However, it is impossible to know if the specimen was collected in Brazil or Peru since the Amazon River has its headwaters in Peru. We do not know if there is more detailed information in the label(s) of the holotype. Accordingly, if there is no more information, the type locality of the species will remain doubtful. We are formally excluding Scopadus ciliatus from the fauna of Ecuador, Bolivia, and French Guiana. However, it is impossible to exclude Brazil, since we do not know the true type locality.
Remarks. PASCOE (1857) did not provide the sex of the holotype of S. ciliatus (Fig. 10). However, both the photograph of the holotype and the original drawing indicate that the antennae are somewhat longer than in the examined female, surpassing elytral apex at about middle of antennomere VII. Thus, the holotype is a apparently male.
description: Published as part of Santos-Silva, Antonio & Nascimento, Francisco E. de L., 2019, On the true identity of Scopadus ciliatus Pascoe, reinstatement of Acanthomerosternoplini, and description of a new species (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), pp. 1-11 in Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2019003) (e 2019003) 109 on pages 4-7, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2019003, http://zenodo.org/record/10525608