cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Entanglement-efficient bipartite-distributed quantum computing
Creators: name: Wu, Jun-Yi
name: Matsui, Kosuke
name: Forrer, Tim
name: Soeda, Akihito
name: Andrés-Martínez, Pablo
name: Mills, Daniel
name: Henaut, Luciana
name: Murao, Mio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing, the limited scalability of a single quantum processing unit (QPU) can be extended through distributed quantum computing (DQC), in which one can implement global operations over two QPUs by entanglement-assisted local operations and classical communication. To facilitate this type of DQC in experiments, we need an entanglement-efficient protocol. To this end, we extend the protocol in [Eisert et. al., PRA, 62:052317(2000)] implementing each nonlocal controlled-unitary gate locally with one maximally entangled pair to a packing protocol, which can pack multiple nonlocal controlled-unitary gates locally using one maximally entangled pair. In particular, two types of packing processes are introduced as the building blocks, namely the distributing processes and embedding processes. Each distributing process distributes corresponding gates locally with one entangled pair. The efficiency of entanglement is then enhanced by embedding processes, which merge two non-sequential distributing processes and hence save the entanglement cost. We show that the structure of distributability and embeddability of a quantum circuit can be fully represented by the corresponding packing graphs and conflict graphs. Based on these graphs, we derive heuristic algorithms for finding an entanglement-efficient packing of distributing processes for a given quantum circuit to be implemented by two parties. These algorithms can determine the required number of local auxiliary qubits in the DQC. We apply these algorithms for bipartite DQC of unitary coupled-cluster circuits and find a significant reduction of entanglement cost through embeddings. This method can determine a constructive upper bound on the entanglement cost for the DQC of quantum circuits.
description: Published version: 30+10 pages, 22+2 figures, updated with numerical benchmarking of the packing algorithm
Multiple Major Outbursts from a Restless Luminous Blue Variable in NGC 3432
Creators: name: Pastorello, A.
name: Botticella, M. T.
name: Trundle, C.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Mattila, S.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Duszanowicz, G.
name: Hermansson, L.
name: Beckman, J. E.
name: Bufano, F.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Harutyunyan, A.
name: Navasardyan, H.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: van Dyk, S. D.
name: Vink, J. S.
name: Wagner, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new photometric and spectroscopic observations of an unusual luminous blue variable (LBV) in NGC 3432, covering three major outbursts in October 2008, April 2009 and November 2009. Previously, this star experienced an outburst also in 2000 (known as SN 2000ch). During outbursts the star reached an absolute magnitude between -12.1 and -12.8. Its spectrum showed H, He I and Fe II lines with P-Cygni profiles during and soon after the eruptive phases, while only intermediate-width lines in pure emission (including He II 4686A were visible during quiescence. The fast-evolving light curve soon after the outbursts, the quasi-modulated light curve, the peak magnitude and the overall spectral properties are consistent with multiple episodes of variability of an extremely active LBV. However, the widths of the spectral lines indicate unusually high wind velocities (1500-2800 km/s), similar to those observed in Wolf-Rayet stars. Although modulated light curves are typical of LBVs during the S-Dor variability phase, the luminous maxima and the high frequency of outbursts are unexpected in S-Dor variables. Such extreme variability may be associated with repeated ejection episodes during a giant eruption of an LBV. Alternatively, it may be indicative of a high level of instability shortly preceding the core-collapse or due to interaction with a massive, binary companion. In this context, the variable in NGC 3432 shares some similarities with the famous stellar system HD 5980 in the Small Magellanic Cloud, which includes an erupting LBV and an early Wolf-Rayet star.
description: 22 pages, 13 Figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
TAC+: Optimizing Error-Bounded Lossy Compression for 3D AMR Simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Daoce
name: Pulido, Jesus
name: Grosset, Pascal
name: Jin, Sian
name: Tian, Jiannan
name: Zhao, Kai
name: Ahrens, James
name: Tao, Dingwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Today's scientific simulations require significant data volume reduction because of the enormous amounts of data produced and the limited I/O bandwidth and storage space. Error-bounded lossy compression has been considered one of the most effective solutions to the above problem. However, little work has been done to improve error-bounded lossy compression for Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) simulation data. Unlike the previous work that only leverages 1D compression, in this work, we propose an approach (TAC) to leverage high-dimensional SZ compression for each refinement level of AMR data. To remove the data redundancy across different levels, we propose several pre-process strategies and adaptively use them based on the data features. We further optimize TAC to TAC+ by improving the lossless encoding stage of SZ compression to handle many small AMR data blocks after the pre-processing efficiently. Experiments on 10 AMR datasets from three real-world large-scale AMR simulations demonstrate that TAC+ can improve the compression ratio by up to 4.9$\times$ under the same data distortion, compared to the state-of-the-art method. In addition, we leverage the flexibility of our approach to tune the error bound for each level, which achieves much lower data distortion on two application-specific metrics.
description: 18 pages, 30 figures, 5 tables, accepted by IEEE TPDS. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2204.00711
Air Writing Recognition System through Deep Learning
Creators: name: Indrabhan Kurkute, Ghorpade Rutuja, Gujar Shivani, Murdare Shreya, Tambe Gayatri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: A person can engage in air writing by moving their body while they write letters or words on a blanksurface. An example of gesture recognition is "air-writing recognition," which involves turning handgestures into invisible handwriting. You don't need to commit certain gesture patterns to memory in order topractice air-writing, unlike with general motions. It focuses instead on the language and subject matter thatthe user is interested in. With the advent of smart bands, the need for an extra device with sensor(s) is nolonger an issue with conventional air-writing. Consequently, algorithms for air-writing recognition arebecoming increasingly flexible on a daily basis. However, signal length variability is one of the keychallenges in developing an air-writing recognition model. The uneven signal length is made clearthroughout this writing and data-recording process. To make sure the signals were always long, researchersused techniques like padding and truncating, but these approaches led to massive data loss. To ensureminimal data loss for time-series signals, a statistical technique called interpolation can be employed. Afterextensively investigating different interpolation methods on seven publicly available air-writing datasets, weutilized a 2D-CNN model to identify air-written characters in this study. All datasets showed that oursolution outperformed the state-of-the-art solutions in terms of user-dependent and user-independentprinciples.
On the correlation between dark matter, intracluster light and globular cluster distribution in SMACS0723
Creators: name: Diego, J. M.
name: Pascale, M.
name: Frye, B.
name: Zitrin, A.
name: Broadhurst, T.
name: Mahler, G.
name: Caminha, G. B.
name: Jauzac, M.
name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Bae, Jang Ho
name: Jang, In Sung
name: Montes, Mireia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a free-form model of SMACS0723, the first cluster observed with JWST. This model makes no strong assumptions about the distribution of mass (mostly dark matter) in the cluster and we use it to study the possible correlation between dark matter with the intracluster light and distribution of globular clusters. To explore the uncertainty in mass modelling, we derive three lens models based on spectroscopically confirmed systems and new candidate systems with redshifts predicted by the lens model derived from the spectroscopic systems.
 We find that beyond the radius of influence of the BCG, the total mass does not trace the ICL, implying the need for a dark component (dark matter). Two loop-like structures observed in the intracluster light do not have an obvious correspondence with the total mass (mostly dark matter) distribution. The radial profiles of the ICL and the distribution of globular clusters are similar to each other, but steeper than the profile of the lens model. More specifically, we find that the total mass is shallower by 1 dex in log scale than both ICL and globular cluster profiles. This is in excellent agreement with N-body simulations of cold dark matter.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Determination of 55 Veterinary Antibiotics in Chicken Manure Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)
Creators: name: Qin, Lide
name: Zhang, Baiming
name: Wang, Xiaoyin
name: Liu, Yongxiang
name: Cao, Xumin
name: Liu, Yingchun
name: Tian, Wen-xia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A highly efficient method for the detection and quantification of 55 veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in chicken manure belonging to six drug classes using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) was developed. The mixture of EDTA–McIlvaine buffer (pH 3.0) and the organic extractant (methanol–acetonitrile, 1:3, v/v) was used to isolate the target VAs from freeze-dried chicken manure. The extract was purified by a hydrophile–lipophile balance cartridge. All antibiotics showed excellent linear relationships in the range between 1 and 100 µg/kg with the coefficients of determination of the standard curves above 0.990. The recoveries of antibiotics were between 35.66% and 103.54% using matrix-matched calibration for quantification. The limits of detection and quantification were from 0.01 to 1.59 µg/kg and 0.04 to 4.76 µg/kg, respectively. The method was demployed to determine VAs in chicken manure from 12 farms, revealing contamination in all samples. A total of 13 VAs belonging to six classes were detected with concentrations up to 41.47 mg/kg. The presence of high concentrations of antibiotic residues in poultry manure poses a potential risk for environmental contamination. This work has identified significant differences in the types of VAs compared to literature reports. Additionally, it detected pleuromutilin antibiotics in chicken manure for the first time.
Performance Comparisons of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Creators: name: Manickam, P.
name: Baskar, T. Guru
name: Girija, M.
name: Manimegalai, Dr. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, Every node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc...which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay by using the NS-2 simulator.
description: 9 Pages,10 Figures, 3 Tables
The hydrologic behaviour of waste rock piles in the Canadian Arctic : snowmelt infiltration and the onset of long term freezing in test piles
Creators: name: Krentz, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: This thesis examines the hydrology of three experimental waste rock piles located in the Canadian Arctic at Diavik Diamond Mine (DDMI). Seven years of hydrology data is presented, including measurements of moisture contents, outflow volumes and soil tensions, along with an estimate of annual rainfall infiltration. The hydrology of each pile is influenced by freezing and thawing, and pore water flow is restricted to the time periods when the pile is thawed. The base of each pile contains drain pipes used to collect pore water from the piles, and these pipes are lined with internal heat traces. This research shows that the heat traces significantly influence the thermal behaviour and hydrology of the waste rock. A flooding event in the winter of 2012 interrupted power to the heat trace in two of the waste rock piles, and led to altered outflow volumes and patterns in 2013. A heat trace in the base of the third pile was intentionally turned off in 2011, and led to a significant decrease in the volume of outflow collected from the pile in 2012 and 2013. A bromide tracer was applied to the crest of one of the piles in 2007, and the recovery of the tracer is analysed until 2013. The results of this analysis are used to quantify the average residence time and flow velocity of pore water within the pile. The concentration of stable isotopes is analysed in outflow from the same pile, and is used to estimate the contribution of snowmelt to the total recharge received by the pile. The infiltration of snowmelt into another waste rock pile is estimated using the results of four snow surveys, a snowmelt ablation model, and an infiltration model suitable for use on frozen porous media. The research contained in this thesis provides information that will be incorporated into the final closure plan for DDMI, and will be used to help prevent the formation and release of low quality effluent from the full scale waste rock pile located at the mine site.
Additional file 1 of Expression signature and prognostic value of CREC gene family in human colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Ning, Junya
name: Liu, Min
name: Shen, Jing
name: Wang, Deping
name: Gao, Lijuan
name: Li, Huiyu
name: Cao, Jimin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of the patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Table S2. Biological processes (BP) of GO analysis on the top 50 co-expressed genes of CREC family. Table S3. Cellular components (CC) of GO analysis on the top 50 co-expressed genes of CREC family. Table S4. Molecular Function (MF) of GO analysis on the top 50 co-expressed genes of CREC family. Fig. S1. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum of CRC. (A) PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and (B) protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum regulated by CREC family and the top 50 co-expression genes in CRC.
20736-node Weighted Max-Cut Problem Solving by Quadrature Photonic Spatial Ising Machine
Creators: name: Ye, Xin
name: Zhang, Wenjia
name: Wang, Shaomeng
name: Yang, Xiaoxuan
name: He, Zuyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To tackle challenging combinatorial optimization problems, analog computing machines based on the nature-inspired Ising model are attracting increasing attentions in order to disruptively overcome the impending limitations on conventional electronic computers. Photonic spatial Ising machine has become an unique and primitive solution with all-to-all connections to solve large-scale Max-cut problems. However, spin configuration and flipping requires two independent sets of spatial light modulators (SLMs) for amplitude and phase modulation, which will lead to tremendous engineering difficulty of optical alignment and coupling. We report a novel quadrature photonic spatial-Euler Ising machine to realize large-scale and flexible spin-interaction configuration and spin-flip in a single spatial light modulator, and develop a noise enhancement approach by adding digital white noise onto detected optical signals. We experimentally show that such proposal accelerates solving (un)weighted, (non)fully connected, 20736-node Max-cut problems, which offers obvious advantages over simulation and heuristic algorithm results in digital computers.
description: 8 pages,3 figures
Quantum chaos in a harmonic waveguide with scatterers
Creators: name: Yurovsky, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of zero-range scatterers along its axis lifts the integrability of a harmonic waveguide. Effective solution of the Schrödinger equation for this model is possible due to the separable nature of the scatterers and millions of eigenstates can be calculated using modest computational resources. Integrability-chaos transition can be explored as the model chaoticity increases with the number of scatterers and their strengths. The regime of complete quantum chaos and eigenstate thermalization can be approached with 32 scatterers. This is confirmed by properties of energy spectra, the inverse participation ratio, and fluctuations of observable expectation values.
description: Resubmission to SciPost, several figures are added or changed
Optimizing Dialogue Management with Reinforcement Learning: Experiments with the NJFun System
Creators: name: Kearns, M.
name: Litman, D.
name: Singh, S.
name: Walker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Designing the dialogue policy of a spoken dialogue system involves many nontrivial choices. This paper presents a reinforcement learning approach for automatically optimizing a dialogue policy, which addresses the technical challenges in applying reinforcement learning to a working dialogue system with human users. We report on the design, construction and empirical evaluation of NJFun, an experimental spoken dialogue system that provides users with access to information about fun things to do in New Jersey. Our results show that by optimizing its performance via reinforcement learning, NJFun measurably improves system performance.
Two-loop helicity amplitudes for $H+$jet production to higher orders in the dimensional regulator
Creators: name: Gehrmann, Thomas
name: Jakubčík, Petr
name: Mella, Cesare Carlo
name: Syrrakos, Nikolaos
name: Tancredi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of the forthcoming High-Luminosity phase of the LHC, next-to-next-to-next-to-leading (N$^3$LO) calculations for the most phenomenologically relevant processes become necessary. In this work, we take the first step towards this goal for H$+$jet production by computing the one- and two-loop helicity amplitudes for the two contributing processes, $H\to ggg$, $H\to q\bar{q}g$, in an effective theory with infinite top quark mass, to higher orders in the dimensional regulator. We decompose the amplitude in scalar form factors related to the helicity amplitudes and in a new basis of tensorial structures. The form factors receive contributions from Feynman integrals which were reduced to a novel canonical basis of master integrals. We derive and solve a set of differential equations for these integrals in terms of Multiple Polylogarithms (MPLs) of two variables up to transcendental weight six.
description: 32 pages; 3 figures, 3 tables; ancillary files with results in Mathematica format; v2 Fixed typos in Section 5 and unified the integration measure in Appendix B and the ancillary files, version accepted for publication in JHEP; v3 Fixed typos in formulas 5.5, 5.9, and A.2-A.4; in anc/, the colour layer "F2" was called "D2" by mistake; results also available at https://xjetamps.hepforge.org/
Spin rotons and supersolids in binary antidipolar condensates
Creators: name: Kirkby, W.
name: Bland, T.
name: Ferlaino, F.
name: Bisset, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of a mixture of antidipolar and nondipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined to an infinite tube. We predict the presence of a spin roton and its associated instability, which triggers a continuous unmodulated--to--supersolid phase transition. We characterize the phase diagram of the binary system, ranging from the quasi-1D to the radial Thomas-Fermi (elongated 3D) regimes. We also present the dynamic formation of supersolids following a quench from the uniform miscible phase, which maintains phase coherence across the system.
description: 13 pages main text, 5 figures, submission to SciPost Physics Core
Radiative heat exchange of spherical particles with metal and insulator plates
Creators: name: Dedkov, G. V.
name: Kyasov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative heat exchange of spherical particles between each other and with thick polarizable plates is studied in the framework of fluctuation electrodynamics. An additive dipole approximation for the thermal conductance of micrometer sized particles is proposed. The numerical calculations are performed for particles and plates made of gold and silica. Several theoretical models of radiative conductance are compared and juxtaposed with the known experimental data.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
X-Ray Emission from Two Infrared-Selected Galaxy Clusters at z>1.4 in the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey
Creators: name: Brodwin, M.
name: Stern, D.
name: Vikhlinin, A.
name: Stanford, S. A.
name: Gonzalez, A. H.
name: Eisenhardt, P. R.
name: Ashby, M. L. N.
name: Bautz, M.
name: Dey, A.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: Gettings, D.
name: Hickox, R. C.
name: Jannuzi, B. T.
name: Jones, C.
name: Mancone, C.
name: Miller, E. D.
name: Moustakas, L. A.
name: Ruel, J.
name: Snyder, G.
name: Zeimann, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the X-ray detection of two z>1.4 infrared-selected galaxy clusters from the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey (ISCS). We present new data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the W. M. Keck Observatory that spectroscopically confirm cluster ISCS J1432.4+3250 at z=1.49, the most distant of 18 confirmed z>1 clusters in the ISCS to date. We also present new spectroscopy for ISCS J1438.1+3414, previously reported at z = 1.41, and measure its dynamical mass. Clusters ISCS J1432.4+3250 and ISCS J1438.1+3414 are detected in 36ks and 143ks Chandra exposures at significances of 5.2 sigma and 9.7 sigma, from which we measure total masses of log(M_{200,Lx}/Msun) = 14.4 +/- 0.2 and 14.35^{+0.14}_{-0.11}, respectively. The consistency of the X-ray and dynamical properties of these high redshift clusters further demonstrates that the ISCS is robustly detecting massive clusters to at least z = 1.5.
description: Submitted to ApJ. A full resolution version is available at https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~mbrodwin/ChandraPaper/mbrodwin10.pdf
The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz for Satisfiability Problems
Creators: name: Golden, John
name: Bärtschi, Andreas
name: O'Malley, Daniel
name: Eidenbenz, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We comparatively study, through large-scale numerical simulation, the performance across a large set of Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) implementations for finding approximate and optimum solutions to unconstrained combinatorial optimization problems. Our survey includes over 100 different mixing unitaries, and we combine each mixer with both the standard phase separator unitary representing the objective function and a thresholded version. Our numerical tests for randomly chosen instances of the unconstrained optimization problems Max 2-SAT and Max 3-SAT reveal that the traditional transverse-field mixer with the standard phase separator performs best for problem sizes of 8 through 14 variables, while the recently introduced Grover mixer with thresholding wins at problems of size 6. This result (i) corrects earlier work suggesting that the Grover mixer is a superior mixer based only on results from problems of size 6, thus illustrating the need to push numerical simulation to larger problem sizes to more accurately predict performance; and (ii) it suggests that more complicated mixers and phase separators may not improve QAOA performance.
description: LA-UR-23-20702
Early transition metal complexes of pyridine derivatives : applications in the catalytic synthesis of amines and N-heterocycles
Creators: name: Chong, Eugene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The work described in this thesis focuses on the development of pyridine-derived group 4 and 5 complexes for application in the catalytic synthesis of selectively substituted amines. Two different catalytic alkene hydrofunctionalization reactions were targeted: hydroamination and hydroaminoalkylation. Respectively, these transformations provide atom-economical strategies for the formation of new C–N and C–C bonds on amines, using simple alkenes as the alkylating agents. A series of bulky mono(2-aminopyridinate)tris(dimethylamido)titanium complexes with varying steric parameters were synthesized and explored for intramolecular hydroamination reactivity using aminoalkene substrates. A titanium catalyst capable of room-temperature hydroamination reactivity was identified for the synthesis of gem-disubstituted 5- and 6-membered-ring products. This catalyst has good breadth of reactivity, including the challenging 7-membered-azepane ring formation and hydroamination with internal alkenes. A catalytically active 2-aminopyridnate-supported imido titanium complex was prepared, and reactivity investigations of this complex suggest that this reaction proceeds via an intermediate imido [2+2] cycloaddition pathway. Various 3-substituted-2-pyridonate ligands were synthesized and examined as ancillary ligands for targeting chemoselectivity for intramolecular hydroaminoalkylation over hydroamination. Systematic ligand screening studies showed that bis(3-phenyl-2-pyridonate)bis(dimethylamido)titanium complex is selective for hydroaminoalkylation over hydroamination. This is the first catalyst that can selectively α-alkylate primary aminoalkenes to access both 5- and 6-membered-cycloalkylamines with good substrate-dependent diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic and stoichiometric experiments using this complex support the involvement of a bimetallic imido species in the reaction. Notably, a titanium(III) species was isolated during these investigations. Reliable synthesis of this titanium(III) complex and examination of its reactivity showed that it is not active for hydroaminoalkylation. Varying combinations of mixed 2-pyridonate/alkyl/amido/chloro tantalum complexes were targeted to expand the substrate scope for intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation. The synthesis of mono(2-pyridonate)/alkyl/chloro tantalum complex was unsuccessful. Instead, bis(2-pyridonate)tantalum alkyl complexes were formed. While these complexes showed hydroaminoalkylation reactivity for terminal alkenes, their thermal and light sensitivity presents difficulty for synthetic application. The design and synthesis of a mixed 2-pyridonate-Ta(NMe₂)₃Cl provided a sterically accessible metal center for the hydroaminoalkylation of sterically demanding disubstituted alkenes. This complex is the first effective precatalyst for the alpha-alkylation of unprotected secondary amines using unactivated (E)- and (Z)-internal alkenes without C=C bond isomerization.
The Spectral Gap and Low-Energy Spectrum in Mean-Field Quantum Spin Systems
Creators: name: Manai, Chokri
name: Warzel, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q10, 81Q20, 81R30

description: A semiclassical analysis based on spin-coherent states is used to establish a classification and formulae for the spectral gap of mean-field spin Hamiltonians. For gapped systems we provide a full description of the low-energy spectra based on a second-order approximation to the semiclassical Hamiltonian hence justifying fluctuation theory at zero temperature for this case. We also point out a shift caused by the spherical geometry in these second-order approximations.
description: Extended published version
Simple self-gettering differential-pump for minimizing source oxidation in oxide-MBE environment
Creators: name: Kim, Yong-Seung
name: Bansal, Namrata
name: Oh, Seongshik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Source oxidation of easily oxidizing elements such as Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ti in an oxidizing ambient leads to their flux instability and is one of the biggest problems in the multi-elemental oxide Molecular Beam Epitaxy technique. Here we report a new scheme that can completely eliminate the source oxidation problem: a self-gettering differential pump using the source itself as the pumping medium. The pump simply comprises a long collimator mounted in front of the source in extended port geometry. With this arrangement, the oxygen partial pressure near the source was easily maintained well below the source oxidation regime, resulting in a stabilized flux, comparable to that of an ultra-high-vacuum environment. Moreover, this pump has a self-feedback mechanism that allows a stronger pumping effectiveness for more easily oxidizing elements, which is a desired property for eliminating the source oxidation problem.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, http://link.aip.org/link/?JVA/29/041505
X-ray induced electron and ion fragmentation dynamics in IBr
Creators: name: Ho, Phay J.
name: Ray, Dipanwita
name: Lehmann, Stefan
name: Fouda, Adam E. A.
name: Dunford, Robert W.
name: Kanter, Elliot P.
name: Doumy, Gilles
name: Young, Linda
name: Walko, Donald A.
name: Zheng, Xuechen
name: Cheng, Lan
name: Southworth, Stephen H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterization of the inner-shell decay processes in molecules containing heavy elements is key to understanding x-ray damage of molecules and materials and for medical applications with Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides. The 1s hole states of heavy atoms can be produced by absorption of tunable x-rays and the resulting vacancy decays characterized by recording emitted photons, electrons, and ions. The 1s hole states in heavy elements have large x-ray fluorescence yields that transfer the hole to intermediate electron shells that then decay by sequential Auger-electron transitions that increase the ion's charge state until the final state is reached. In molecules the charge is spread across the atomic sites, resulting in dissociation to energetic atomic ions. We have used x-ray/ion coincidence spectroscopy to measure charge states and energies of I$^{q+}$ and Br$^{q'+}$ atomic ions following 1s ionization at the I and Br \textit{K}-edges of IBr. We present the charge states and kinetic energies of the two correlated fragment ions associated with core-excited states produced during the various steps of the cascades. To understand the dynamics leading to the ion data, we develop a computational model that combines Monte-Carlo/Molecular Dynamics simulations with a classical over-the-barrier model to track inner-shell cascades and redistribution of electrons in valence orbitals and nuclear motion of fragments.
An entity-guided text summarization framework with relational heterogeneous graph neural network
Creators: name: Chen, Jingqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Two crucial issues for text summarization to generate faithful summaries are to make use of knowledge beyond text and to make use of cross-sentence relations in text. Intuitive ways for the two issues are Knowledge Graph (KG) and Graph Neural Network (GNN) respectively. Entities are semantic units in text and in KG. This paper focuses on both issues by leveraging entities mentioned in text to connect GNN and KG for summarization. Firstly, entities are leveraged to construct a sentence-entity graph with weighted multi-type edges to model sentence relations, and a relational heterogeneous GNN for summarization is proposed to calculate node encodings. Secondly, entities are leveraged to link the graph to KG to collect knowledge. Thirdly, entities guide a two-step summarization framework defining a multi-task selector to select salient sentences and entities, and using an entity-focused abstractor to compress the sentences. GNN is connected with KG by constructing sentence-entity graphs where entity-entity edges are built based on KG, initializing entity embeddings on KG, and training entity embeddings using entity-entity edges. The relational heterogeneous GNN utilizes both edge weights and edge types in GNN to calculate graphs with weighted multi-type edges. Experiments show the proposed method outperforms extractive baselines including the HGNN-based HGNNSum and abstractive baselines including the entity-driven SENECA on CNN/DM, and outperforms most baselines on NYT50. Experiments on sub-datasets show the density of sentence-entity edges greatly influences the performance of the proposed method. The greater the density, the better the performance. Ablations show effectiveness of the method.
description: 7 tables, 5 figures
MOESM1 of Mutagenesis of seed storage protein genes in Soybean using CRISPR/Cas9
Creators: name: Li, Chenlong
name: Nguyen, Vi
name: Liu, Jun
name: Fu, Wenqun
name: Chen, Chen
name: Yu, Kangfu
name: Cui, Yuhai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study.
The forbidden high ionisation line region of the type 2 quasar Q1131+16: a clear view of the inner face of the torus?
Creators: name: Rose, Marvin
name: Tadhunter, Clive
name: Holt, Joanna
name: Almeida, Cristina Ramos
name: Littlefair, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic observations of the type 2 quasar SDSS J11311.05+162739.5 (Q1131+16 hereafter; z=0.1732), which has the richest spectrum of forbidden high ionisation lines (FHIL, e.g. [Fe \textsc{vii}], [Fe \textsc{x}], [Fe \textsc{xi}] and [Ne \textsc{v}]) yet reported for an AGN, as well as unusually strong [O \textsc{iii}]$λ$4363 emission. The study of this object provides a rare opportunity to investigate the physical conditions and kinematics of the region(s) emitting the FHILs. By comparison with photoionisation model results, we find that the FHIL region has high densities (10$^{5.5}$ $10^9$ cm$\textsuperscript{-3}$) and Narrow-Line Regions ($n_H$$<10^6$ cm$\textsuperscript{-3}$) of active galactic nuclei (AGN), and we demonstrate that the FHIL regions must be situated relatively close to the illuminating AGN (0.32 $
description: Accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (3rd of March 2011). 23 Pages (including tables 5 and 6 in the source file), 21 figures
Cycle-to-cycle variations in cross-flow turbine performance and flow fields
Creators: name: Snortland, Abigale
name: Scherl, Isabel
name: Polagye, Brian
name: Williams, Owen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross-flow turbine performance and flow fields exhibit cycle-to-cycle variations, though this is often implicitly neglected through time- and phase-averaging. This variability could potentially arise from a variety of mechanisms -- inflow fluctuations, the stochastic nature of dynamic stall, and cycle-to-cycle hysteresis -- each of which have different implications for our understanding of cross-flow turbine dynamics. In this work, the extent and sources of cycle-to-cycle variability for both the flow fields and performance are explored experimentally under two, contrasting operational conditions. Flow fields, obtained through two-dimensional planar particle image velocimetry inside the turbine swept area, are examined in concert with simultaneously measured performance. Correlations between flow-field and performance variability are established by an unsupervised hierarchical flow-field clustering pipeline. This features a principal component analysis (PCA) pre-processor that allows for clustering based on all the dynamics present in the high-dimensional flow-field data in an interpretable, low-dimensional subspace that is weighted by contribution to overall velocity variance. We find that the flow-field clusters and their associated performance are correlated primarily with inflow fluctuations, despite relatively low turbulence intensity, that drive variations in the timing of the dynamic stall process. Further, we find no evidence of substantial cycle-to-cycle hysteresis. Clustering reveals persistent correlations between performance and flow-field variability during the upstream portion of the turbine rotation. The approach employed here provides a more comprehensive picture of cross-flow turbine flow fields and performance than aggregate, statistical representations.
description: PUBLISHED at Experiments in Fluids https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-023-03725-5
Claassenia Stark & Sivec 2010
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
name: Sivec, Ignac
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Claassenia

description: Claassenia ChA (Figs. 26-27) Claassenia sp. A Stark & Gaufin, 1976:41. Material examined. China: Sichuan Province, Kuanshien, 2800 ft, 28 July 1938, D.C. Graham, 3♂ (pinned, USNM). Adult habitus. General color yellow brown, pattern obscured by specimen condition. Wing membrane subhyaline, yellow brown, veins brown. Male. Macropterous, forewing length 30-32 mm, body length 22-24 mm. Hemitergal lobes moderately long, curved inward in dorsal aspect with apex slightly swollen, bearing a small patch of mixed sensilla basiconica and fine hairs (Fig. 26); in lateral aspect, hemiterga bend upward near tips (Fig. 27), and are membranous and bare on ventroapical margin. Tergum 9 bears a circular mesal patch of sensilla basiconica. Female. Unknown. Larva. Unknown. Comments. Several species have already been proposed from Sichuan Province [C. brevipennis (Navas); C. caudata (Klap{lek); C. debilior (Navas); C. gigas (Klap{lek); C. longistyla Wu; C. semibrachyptera; C. simplicior (Navas)]. Only C. semibrachyptera is sufficiently well known to eliminate as the probable identity of this species. The upturned hemitergal lobes for all three males in this sample suggest a possible distinctive character for species recognition.
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P. & Sivec, Ignac, 2010, Systematic Notes On The Genus Claassenia Wu (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Description Of A New Species, pp. 303-314 in Illiesia 6 (24) on page 310, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4753177
Classifying Tree Topologies along Tropical Line Segments
Creators: name: Cox, Shelby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14T15 (Primary), 05C05, 58D17, 14T20 (Secondary)

description: The space of phylogenetic trees arises naturally in tropical geometry as the tropical Grassmannian. Tropical geometry therefore suggests a natural notion of a tropical path between two trees, given by a tropical line segment in the tropical Grassmannian. It was previously conjectured that tree topologies along such a segment change by a combinatorial operation known as Nearest Neighbor Interchange (NNI). We provide counterexamples to this conjecture, but prove that changes in tree topologies along the tropical line segment are either NNI moves or "four clade rearrangement" moves for generic trees. In addition, we show that the number of NNI moves occurring along the tropical line segment can be as large as $n^2$, but the average number of moves when the two endpoint trees are chosen at random is $O(n (\log n)^4)$. This is in contrast with $O(n \log n)$, the average number of NNI moves needed to transform one tree into another.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
How planet-planet scattering can create high-inclination as well as long-period orbits
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Sourav
name: Ford, Eric B.
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have revealed two new classes of planetary orbits. Rossiter- Mclaughlin (RM) measurements have revealed hot Jupiters in high-obliquity orbits. In addition, direct-imaging has discovered giant planets at large (~ 100 AU) separations via direct-imaging technique. Simple-minded disk-migration scenarios are inconsistent with the high-inclination (and even retrograde) orbits as seen in recent RM measurements. Furthermore, forming giant planets at large semi-major axis (a) may be challenging in the core-accretion paradigm. We perform many N-body simulations to explore the two above-mentioned orbital architectures. Planet-planet scattering in a multi-planet system can naturally excite orbital inclinations. Planets can also get scattered to large distances. Large-a planetary orbits created from planet-planet scattering are expected to have high eccentricities (e). Theoretical models predict that the observed long-period planets, such as Fomalhaut-b have moderate e \approx 0.3. Interestingly, these are also in systems with disks. We find that if a massive-enough outer disk is present, a scattered planet may be circularized at large a via dynamical friction from the disk and repeated scattering of the disk particles.
description: 5 Pages, 2 Figures, submitted to IAUS 276 conference proceedings
A broad-band X-ray view of the Warm Absorber in radio-quiet quasar MR2251-178
Creators: name: Gofford, J.
name: Reeves, J. N.
name: Turner, T. J.
name: Tombesi, F.
name: Braito, V.
name: Porquet, D.
name: Miller, L.
name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of a new broad-band X-ray spectrum (0.6-180.0 keV) of the radio-quiet quasar MR 2251-178 which uses data obtained with both Suzaku and the Swift/BAT. In accordance with previous observations, we find that the general continuum can be well described by a power-law with Γ=1.6 and an apparent soft-excess below 1 keV. Warm absorption is clearly present and absorption lines due to the Fe UTA, Fe L (Fe XXIII-XXIV), S XV and S XVI are detected below 3 keV. At higher energies, Fe K absorption from Fe XXV-XXVI is detected and a relatively weak (EW=25[+12,-8] eV) narrow Fe Kα emission line is observed at E=6.44\pm0.04 keV. The Fe Kα emission is well modelled by the presence of a mildly ionised (ξ\leq30) reflection component with a low reflection fraction (R<0.2). At least 5 ionised absorption components with 10^{20} \leq N_H \leq 10^{23} cm^{-2} and 0 \leq log(ξ)/erg cm s^{-1} \leq 4 are required to achieve an adequate spectral fit. Alternatively, we show that the continuum can also be fit if a Γ~2.0 power-law is absorbed by a column of N_H~10^{23} cm^{-2} which covers ~30% of the source flux. Independent of which continuum model is adopted, the Fe L and Fe XXV Heα lines are described by a single absorber outflowing with v_out~0.14 c. Such an outflow/disk wind is likely to be substantially clumped (b~10^{-3}) in order to not vastly exceed the likely accretion rate of the source.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 17 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables