cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Maxwell and very hard particle models for probabilistic ballistic annihilation: hydrodynamic description
Creators: name: Coppex, Francois
name: Droz, Michel
name: Trizac, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hydrodynamic description of probabilistic ballistic annihilation, for which no conservation laws hold, is an intricate problem with hard sphere-like dynamics for which no exact solution exists. We consequently focus on simplified approaches, the Maxwell and very hard particles (VHP) models, which allows us to compute analytically upper and lower bounds for several quantities. The purpose is to test the possibility of describing such a far from equilibrium dynamics with simplified kinetic models. The motivation is also in turn to assess the relevance of some singular features appearing within the original model and the approximations invoked to study it. The scaling exponents are first obtained from the (simplified) Boltzmann equation, and are confronted against Monte Carlo simulation (DSMC technique). Then, the Chapman-Enskog method is used to obtain constitutive relations and transport coefficients. The corresponding Navier-Stokes equations for the hydrodynamic fields are derived for both Maxwell and VHP models. We finally perform a linear stability analysis around the homogeneous solution, which illustrates the importance of dissipation in the possible development of spatial inhomogeneities.
description: 24 pages, 10 eps figures included
Maskless exposure device for photolithography
Creators: name: Dhanesh Kattipparambil Rajan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Photolithography plays a consequential role in transferring patterns from photomasks to substrates and thereby is an important tool in semiconductor, IC, MEMS and many microstructures’ production. The photomasks are preprinted prior to the photolithographic procedure with certain layouts, and these layouts are transferred to surfaces of materials like silicon during the lithography and finally these surfaces undergo chemical processes by which three dimensional micro features are formed. Therefore photomasks containing specific layouts are the inevitable components in the entire procedure, but unfortunately those are expensive in its nature together with time consuming production formalities. Some of the successful attempts to remove these difficulties are cost effective photomasks and maskless lithography.

A system named ‘Maskless Exposure Device’ (MED) is introduced here as my thesis related research and it is intended to replace the expensive photomasks. The device transfers images and layouts created on a computer, easily and effortlessly to different substrate surfaces and can be repeatedly used in photolithography by introducing new drawings on the computer screen and thereby, MED is nothing but a maskless lithographic technique.

The device can be mainly used in research and development applications in MEMS production, microfluidic systems, semiconductor and biosensor designs, patterning of cell culture substrates, electrode structures etc. Research on design of microsensors and microactuators could be confronted extremely cost effectively with maximum time saving considerations.
The Value of Private Risk Versus the Value of Public Risk: An Experimental Analysis of the Johannesson et al. Conjecture
Creators: name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Schulze, William D.
name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Schulze, William D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Altruism
subject: risk
subject: voting
subject: public goods

description: In 1996 Johannesson et al. published a paper in this journal entitled “The Value of Private Safety versus the Value of Public Safety.” Based on preliminary evidence from a hypothetical contingent valuation study, these authors argue that consumers behave as “pure altruists” and reject the notion of paternalistic preferences for safety in a coercive tax setting. These pure altruists consider the cost of a program that might be imposed on other voters when they decide whether to vote for or against public safety programs. The authors conclude that further empirical research in this area is warranted. This paper presents a set of laboratory economics experiments to test Johannesson et al.’s conjecture under controlled conditions in which participants face an actual risk of financial loss. The laboratory results extend those of Johannesson et al., providing strong evidence of pure altruism but limited support for paternalistic altruism for risk.
PHENIX measurements of Bottom and Charm in A+A collisions
Creators: name: Hachiya, Takashi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: qm19
phenix
qgp
rhic
heavy flavor
bottom
charm
vtx
fvtx
dca
p+p
au+au
cu+au
flow
b-meson
J/Ψ

description: Talk presented at the Quark Matter 2019 conference. Heavy quarks (charms and bottoms) are important probes to study the property of Quark-Gluon-Plasma. Experimental approach of the PHENIX Collaboration and results of the heavy quark study are presented.
Correlations Between Fission Fragment and Neutron Anisotropies in Neutron-Induced Fission
Creators: name: Lovell, A. E.
name: Talou, P.
name: Stetcu, I.
name: Kelly, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several sources of angular anisotropy for fission fragments and prompt neutrons have been studied in neutron-induced fission reactions. These include kinematic recoils of the target from the incident neutron beam and the fragments from the emission of the prompt neutrons, preferential directions of the emission of the fission fragments with respect to the beam axis due to the population of particular transition states at the fission barrier, and forward-peaked angular distributions of pre-equilibrium neutrons which are emitted before the formation of a compound nucleus. In addition, there are several potential sources of angular anisotropies that are more difficult to disentangle: the angular distributions of prompt neutrons from fully accelerated fragments or from scission neutrons, and the emission of neutrons from fission fragments that are not fully accelerated. In this work, we study the effects of the first group of anisotropy sources, particularly exploring the correlations between the fission fragment anisotropy and the resulting neutron anisotropy. While kinematic effects were already accounted for in our Hauser-Feshbach Monte Carlo code, $\mathtt{CGMF}$, anisotropic angular distributions for the fission fragments and pre-equilibrium neutrons resulting from neutron-induced fission on $^{233,234,235,238}$U, $^{239,241}$Pu, and $^{237}$Np have been introduced for the first time. The effects of these sources of anisotropy are examined over a range of incident neutron energies, from thermal to 20 MeV, and compared to experimental data from the Chi-Nu liquid scintillator array. The anisotropy of the fission fragments is reflected in the anisotropy of the prompt neutrons, especially as the outgoing energy of the prompt neutrons increases, allowing for an extraction of the fission fragment anisotropy to be made from a measurement of the neutrons.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Additional file 1 of Decoding hand and wrist movement intention from chronic stroke survivors with hemiparesis using a user-friendly, wearable EMG-based neural interface
Creators: name: Meyers, Eric C.
name: Gabrieli, David
name: Tacca, Nick
name: Wengerd, Lauren
name: Darrow, Michael
name: Schlink, Bryan R.
name: Baumgart, Ian
name: Friedenberg, David A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Data.
Pendidikan di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0.docx
Creators: name: Lase, Delipiter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Education

description: Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perubahan yang harus dilakukan di sekolah sehingga sumber daya manusia yang dihasilkan oleh berbagai lembaga pendidikan dapat bersaing dan berkontribusi secara global. Melalui kajian literatur dan analisis isi, penulis menjelaskan bahwa pengembangan kurikulum saat ini dan di masa depan harus melengkapi kemampuan siswa dalam dimensi akademik, keterampilan hidup, kemampuan untuk hidup bersama dan berpikir secara kritis dan kreatif. Keterampilan tak kasat mata seperti keterampilan interpersonal, berpikir global, dan literasi media dan informasi. Kurikulum juga harus dapat membentuk siswa dengan penekanan pada bidang STEM, merujuk pada pembelajaran berbasis TIK, internet of things, big data dan komputer, serta kewirausahaan dan magang. Selain guru memiliki kompetensi mengajar dan mendidik, literasi media, competence in globalization, competence in future strategies, dan konseling, juga perlu memiliki sikap ramah teknologi, kolaborasi, menjadi kreatif dan mengambil risiko, memiliki selera humor yang baik, serta mengajar secara holistik. Sekolah dan guru perlu mempertimbangkan pembelajaran terbuka dan daring dalam memutuskan bagaimana menyelenggarakan pendidikan dan pembelajaran.
Michalcescu, J., ???
Creators: name: Baumstark, Anton
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 4 Nr. 2 (1904): Oriens christianus, Band 4, Heft 2
Overlap of the Wilson loop with the broken-string state
Creators: name: Gliozzi, F.
name: Rago, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical experiments on most gauge theories coupled with matter failed to observe string-breaking effects while measuring Wilson loops only. We show that, under rather mild assumptions, the overlap of the Wilson loop operator with the broken-string state obeys a natural upper bound implying that the signal of string-breaking is in general too weak to be detected by the conventional updating algorithms. In order to reduce the variance of the Wilson loops in 3-D Z_2 gauge Higgs model we use a new algorithm based on the Lüscher-Weisz method combined with a non-local cluster algorithm which allows to follow the decay of rectangular Wilson loops up to values of the order of 10^{-24}. In this way a sharp signal of string breaking is found.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
The Export Enhancement Program: Prospects Under the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
Creators: name: Haley, Stephen L.
name: Haley, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: export subsidies
subject: export enhancement program
subject: agricultural trade
subject: simulation model
subject: wheat
subject: coarse grains

description: According to provisions of the 1990 U.S. farm bill, the export enhancement program (EEP) will continue to be an important instrument in promoting U.S. agricultural exports and in challenging subsidizing competitors, like the European Community (EC), with funding levels set at a minimum of $500 million annually through 1995. This research, whose purpose is to evaluate the likely effectiveness of the wheat EEP through 1995, reaches several conclusions: (1) the EEP will have a significant effect on U.S. wheat exports, but will be subject to diminishing returns at levels higher than the annual minimums; and (2) the EC will only be marginally affected by the EEP, that is, it can effectively counter the effects of the EEP at low cost.
Isoscaling behavior in the Fission Dynamics
Creators: name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Wang, K.
name: Cai, X. Z.
name: Chen, J. G.
name: Chen, J. H.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Guo, W.
name: Ma, C. W.
name: Ma, G. L.
name: Shen, W. Q.
name: Su, Q. M.
name: Tian, W. D.
name: Wei, Y. B.
name: Yan, T. Z.
name: Zhong, C.
name: Zhou, X. F.
name: Zuo, J. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fission processes of $^{112}$Sn + $^{112}$Sn and $^{116}$Sn + $^{116}$Sn are simulated with the combination of the Langevin equation and the statistical decay model. The masses of two fission fragments are given by assuming the process of symmetric fission or asymmetric fission by the Monte Carlo sampling with the Gaussian probability distribution. From the analysis to the isotopic/isotonic ratios of the fission fragments from both reactions, the isoscaling behavior has been observed and investigated in details. Isoscaling parameters $α$ and $β$ are extracted as a function of the charge number and neutron number, respectively, in different width of the sampling Gaussian probability distribution. It seems that $α$ is sensitive to the width of fission probability distribution of the mass asymmetrical parameter but $β$ is not. Both $α$ and $β$ drop with the increasing of beam energy and the reduced friction parameter.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures (two figures were added). Accepted by the Physical Review C
Commuting projector models for (3+1)d topological superconductors via string net of (1+1)d topological superconductors
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Ryohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a way to construct a commuting projector Hamiltonian model for a (3+1)d topological superconductor in class DIII. The wave function is given by a sort of string net of the Kitaev wire, decorated on the time reversal (T) domain wall. Our Hamiltonian is provided on a generic 3d manifold equipped with a discrete form of the spin structure. We will see how the 3d spin structure induces a 2d spin structure (called a Kasteleyn direction on a 2d lattice) on T domain walls, which makes possible to define fluctuating Kitaev wires on them. Upon breaking the T symmetry in our model, we find the unbroken remnant of the symmetry which is defined on the time reversal domain wall. The domain wall supports the 2d non-trivial SPT protected by the unbroken symmetry, which allows us to determine the SPT classification of our model, based on the recent QFT argument by Hason, Komargodski, and Thorngren.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures. v2: minor changes
Nuclear spirals in galaxies: gas response to asymmetric potential. II. Hydrodynamical models
Creators: name: Maciejewski, Witold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear spirals naturally form as a gas response to non-axisymmetry in the galactic potential, even if the degree of this asymmetry is very small. Linear wave theory well describes weak nuclear spirals, but spirals induced by stronger asymmetries in the potential are clearly beyond the linear regime. Hydrodynamical models indicate spiral shocks in this latter case that, depending on how the spiral intersects the x2 orbits, either get damped, leading to the formation of the nuclear ring, or get strengthened, and propagate towards the galaxy centre. Central massive black hole of sufficient mass can allow the spiral shocks to extend all the way to its immediate vicinity, and to generate gas inflow up to 0.03 M_sun/yr, which coincides with the accretion rates needed to power luminous local Active Galactic Nuclei.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS, accepted
PHENIX results on J/Ψ polarization in p+p collisions
Creators: name: Lebedev, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: qm19
rhic
phenix
polarization
J/Ψ
p+p
dielectron
mid-rapidity

description: Poster presented at the Quark Matter 2019 conference. Measurements of heavy quark bound states provide a unique opportunity to access basic QCD properties.One of the observables important for understanding J/Ψ production and dynamics is angular distributions of decay products, sometimes also called "polarization". PHENIX results are presented.
Detecting Technological Heterogeneity in New York Dairy Farms
Creators: name: Del Corral, Julio
name: Alvarez, Antonio
name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Del Corral, Julio
name: Alvarez, Antonio
name: Tauer, Loren W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: parlor milking system
subject: stanchion milking system
subject: latent class model
subject: stochastic frontier

description: Agricultural studies have often differentiated and estimated different technologies within a sample of farms. The common approach is to use observable farm characteristics to split the sample into several groups and subsequently estimate different functions for each group. Alternatively, unique technologies can be determined by econometric procedures such as latent class models. This paper compares the results of a latent class model with the use of a priori information to split the sample using dairy farm data in the application. Latent class separation appears to be a superior method of separating heterogeneous technologies.
Finding Symmetry Breaking Order Parameters with Euclidean Neural Networks
Creators: name: Smidt, Tess E.
name: Geiger, Mario
name: Miller, Benjamin Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Curie's principle states that "when effects show certain asymmetry, this asymmetry must be found in the causes that gave rise to them". We demonstrate that symmetry equivariant neural networks uphold Curie's principle and can be used to articulate many symmetry-relevant scientific questions into simple optimization problems. We prove these properties mathematically and demonstrate them numerically by training a Euclidean symmetry equivariant neural network to learn symmetry-breaking input to deform a square into a rectangle and to generate octahedra tilting patterns in perovskites.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
11413-Article Text-17083-1-10-20200424.pdf
Creators: name: Sharma, Rakesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150402 Hospitality Management
subject: 150401 Food and Hospitality Services
subject: 150304 Entrepreneurship

description: In recent trends ideas of self service and automation has played a magnificent role in delivering better customer experience. Every industry is running after introducing such services which will not only automate the tasks but also enhance the customer experience. Use of robots is one of such technological trend which is prevailing all around the globe. Robots are providing improvement in terms of accuracy, speed and cost effectiveness. As far as hotel industry is concern, the robotics is in its infancy stage in India. There is no doubt that use of robots hotel industry will provide the above said benefits but it will also attract practical issues related to guest attitude towards their use in hotels. This study explores the excitement level of guest in respect of use of robots in general and particularly in hotels too. This study makes an attempt to correlate the guest excitement along with guest’s demographic profile. This study also concentrates on finding out the guest attitude about potential use of robots in hotels indicating their level of agreement with the same.
Quark flavor dependence of particle production and flow in nucleus-nucleus collisions measured by PHENIX
Creators: name: Todoroki, Takahito
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: qm19
phenix
qgp
rhic
heavy flavor
charm
bottom
flow
muon arms
vtx
fvtx
nuclear
modification
raa
J/Ψ
p+p
au+au

description: Talk presented at the Quark Matter 2019 conference. Probe QGP with Heavy Flavor.
Superfluidity of dipolar magnetoexcitons in doped double-layered $α$-${\cal T}_3$ lattice in a strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Abranyos, Yonatan
name: Berman, Oleg L.
name: Gumbs, Godfrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity of dipolar magnetoexcitons for a pair of quasi-two-dimensional spatially separated $α$-${\cal T}_3$ layers. We have solved a two-body problem for an electron and a hole for the model Hamiltonian for the $α$-${\cal T}_3$ double layer in a magnetic field. The energy dispersion of collective excitations, the spectrum of sound velocity, and the effective magnetic mass of magnetoexcitons are obtained in the integer quantum Hall regime for high magnetic fields. The superfluid density and the temperature of the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition are probed as functions of the excitonic density, magnetic field, and the inter-layer separation.
The 21 Centimeter Background from the Cosmic Dark Ages: Minihalos and the Intergalactic Medium before Reionization
Creators: name: Shapiro, Paul R.
name: Ahn, Kyungjin
name: Alvarez, Marcelo A.
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
name: Martel, Hugo
name: Ryu, Dongsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The H atoms inside minihalos (i.e. halos with virial temperatures T_vir < 10^4 K, in the mass range roughly from 10^4 M_sun to 10^8 M_sun) during the cosmic dark ages in a LambdaCDM universe produce a redshifted background of collisionally-pumped 21-cm line radiation which can be seen in emission relative to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Previously, we used semi-analytical calculations of the 21-cm signal from individual halos of different mass and redshift and the evolving mass function of minihalos to predict the mean brightness temperature of this 21-cm background and its angular fluctuations. Here we use high-resolution cosmological N-body and hydrodynamic simulations of structure formation at high redshift (z>8) to compute the mean brightness temperature of this background from both minihalos and the intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the onset of Ly-alpha radiative pumping. We find that the 21-cm signal from gas in collapsed, virialized minihalos dominates over that from the diffuse shocked gas in the IGM.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ, with minor revision in text
Semileptonic D Decays from CLEO and BELLE
Creators: name: Gao, Yongsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent semileptonic D meson decay results are summarized, including the improved measurements of absolute branching fractions for exclusive D0 semileptonic decays into $K^{-}e^{+}ν$, $π^{-}e^{+}ν$ and $K^{*-}e^{+}ν$, and the first observation and absolute branching fraction measurement of $D^{0} \to ρ^{-}e^{+}ν$ with the first CLEO-c data sample.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the proceedings of ICHEP04
A tube formula for the Koch snowflake curve, with applications to complex dimensions
Creators: name: Lapidus, Michel L.
name: Pearse, Erin P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 26A30, 28A12, 28A75, 28A80, Secondary 11K55, 26A27, 28A78, 28D20, 42A16

description: A formula for the interior epsilon-neighborhood of the classical von Koch snowflake curve is computed in detail. This function of epsilon is shown to match quite closely with earlier predictions of what it should be, but is also much more precise. The resulting `tube formula' is expressed in terms of the Fourier coefficients of a suitable nonlinear and periodic analogue of the standard Cantor staircase function and reflects the self-similarity of the Koch curve. As a consequence, the possible complex dimensions of the Koch snowflake are computed explicitly.
description: Updated version: new method of calculation drastically reduces length of proof. 18 pages, 10 figures
Blachos, Kosmas, ???
Creators: name: Baumstark, Anton
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 4 Nr. 2 (1904): Oriens christianus, Band 4, Heft 2
The effect of varying cross-reactivity between vaccine and epidemic strains on virus loads from Computational investigations of the immune response to repeated influenza infections and vaccinations
Creators: name: Adabor, Emmanuel S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Figure S1
The Macdonald Robertson movement 1899-1909
Creators: name: Greene, Kristen Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Between 1899 and 1910 Sir William Macdonald, tobacco millionaire and educational philanthropist and James W. Robertson, agriculturalist and educator, conducted a seed grain competition across Canada to teach new agricultural practices, and founded manual training centres to teach physical skills and aid moral development. Through the Macdonald Rural School Fund, Macdonald and Robertson established school gardens and supported nature study in eastern Canada, combining with manual training to make a useful elementary curriculum for rural children. To support these pedagogical ideas they pressed, with limited success, for rural school consolidations. Finally, they established an agricultural and teacher training college in connection with McGill University. The Macdonald-Robertson movement drew on borrowed ideas, but also trained teachers, . persuaded school boards, managed costs, and held to a consistent pedagogy through specialized object lessons. Because it treats the Macdonald-Robertson reforms together, this thesis provides a viable explanation why these two men took up the cause of reform and why the various elements of the movement succeeded or failed. I claim the reforms grew up in the first place because the Macdonald-Robertson pedagogical ideas were in the wider interest of social reformers and of the two founders. The ease with which each reform could be controlled by central administrators and implemented in a standard way from one district to the next meant Robertson would achieve "success" on some publicly believable criterion, however variable in extent, yet maintain central control. Robertson found it necessary to dedicate time and energy in persuading local districts and teachers to take up the work. Yet were it not for local autonomy, schools would have been an even easier target for a parade of politically-motivated programmes. Macdonald and Robertson's experience shows that reform must be popular and workable at the local level. Administrative talent and sound pedagogy cannot overcome local resistance if school boards, parents or teachers do not value, or cannot afford, reform. The inherent paradox of standardization and autonomy deserves to remain a hypothesis in research on educational reform. My account shows how Macdonald and Robertson sought to standardize autonomous school districts and teachers, in order to preserve the rural lifestyle, in order to help Canada on her way to economic growth and social order in the face of immigration and urbanization, and the varying extent to which regions benefited economically from industrialization.
FARMERS’ SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND
Creators: name: Bergmann, Holger
name: Thomson, Kenneth J.
name: Bergmann, Holger
name: Thomson, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: farm households
subject: Scottish Highlands
subject: income sources
subject: diversification

description: Small and medium-sized farms all over Europe guarantee their survival by a broad range of strategies and different income sources. In remoter areas of highly developed countries such as the UK, such strategies may be expected to have their own characteristics, both legislative and socio-economic. This paper reports results from a socio-economic survey carried out among 40 Scottish agricultural households in the Caithness and Sutherland region of the North of Scotland, focussing specifically on the diversification strategies of (larger) farms and (smaller) crofts related to the multifunctionality of agriculture. After analysing the land, labour and capital use of farm/croft households in the region, the paper analyses why farms/crofts in this remote area have chosen specific diversification or specialisation strategies, and briefly considers their futures. The survey showed that only a quarter of the average household income of crofts comes from agriculture, and that this proportion (like the equivalent on farms) derives from substantial CAP subsidies. However, these known (if declining) income source may be the basis for the development of small and medium-sized rural enterprises if crofters and farmers are sufficiently educated, skilled and dedicated. The paper shows that, in times of economic decline, crofting (which has been the subject of a recent report to the Scottish Government) and farming in this area can be the basis of farm household survival in remote rural areas of developed countries.
Byzantinische Denkmäler III.
Creators: name: Baumstark, Anton
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 4 Nr. 2 (1904): Oriens christianus, Band 4, Heft 2
Late-Phase Spectropolarimetric Observations of Superluminous Supernova SN 2017egm to Probe the Geometry of the Inner Ejecta
Creators: name: Saito, Sei
name: Tanaka, Masaomi
name: Moriya, Takashi J.
name: Bulla, Mattia
name: Leloudas, Giorgos
name: Inserra, Cosimo
name: Lee, Chien-Hsiu
name: Kawabata, Koji S.
name: Mazzali, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our spectropolarimetric observations of SN 2017egm, a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) in a nearby galaxy NGC 3191, with Subaru telescope at 185.0 days after the g-band maximum light. This is the first spectropolarimetric observation for SLSNe at late phases. We find that the degree of the polarization in the late phase significantly changes from that measured at the earlier phase. The spectrum at the late phase shows a strong Ca emission line and therefore we reliably estimate the interstellar polarization component assuming that the emission line is intrinsically unpolarized. By subtracting the estimated interstellar polarization, we find that the intrinsic polarization at the early phase is only ~ 0.2 %, which indicates an almost spherical photosphere, with an axial ratio ~ 1.05. The intrinsic polarization at the late phase increases to ~ 0.8 %, which corresponds to the photosphere with an axial ratio 1.2. A nearly constant position angle of the polarization suggests the inner ejecta are almost axisymmetric. By these observations, we conclude that the inner ejecta are more aspherical than the outer ejecta. It may suggest the presence of a central energy source producing aspherical inner ejecta.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Topological Charge and Black Hole Photon Spheres
Creators: name: Wei, Shao-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole photon spheres or light rings are closely linked to astronomical phenomena, such as the gravitational waves and the shadow in spherically symmetric or axi-symmetric spacetime. In Cunha and Herdeiro [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 181101 (2020)], a topological argument was applied for the four dimensional stationary, axi-symmetric, asymptotically flat black hole, and the result indicates that at least, there exists one standard light ring outside the black hole horizon for each rotation sense. Inspired by it, in this paper, we would like to consider a similar issue for a nonrotating, static, spherically symmetric black hole not only with asymptotically flat behavior, but also with AdS and dS behaviors. Following Duan's topological current $ϕ$-mapping theory, the topological current and charge for the photon spheres are introduced. The topological current is nonzero only at the zero point of the vector field determining the location of the photon sphere. So each photon sphere can be assigned a topological charge. Considering the full exterior region, we find the total topological charge always equals -1. This result confirms that there exists at least one standard photon sphere outside of the black hole not only in asymptotically flat spacetime, but also in asymptotically AdS and dS spacetime. Then we apply the study to the dyonic black holes. We observe that even when more photon spheres are included, the total topological charge stays unchanged. Moreover, for a naked singularity, it has a vanishing topological charge, indicating that the black hole and naked singularity are in different topological classes. It is expected that this novel topological argument could provide an insightful idea on the study of the black hole photon spheres or light rings, and further cast new light on the black hole astronomical phenomena.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, and 2 tables. Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Yi-Shi Duan
Additional file 1 of Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 promotes sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting the ferroptosis pathway
Creators: name: Lin, Hai-Hong
name: Zeng, Wei-Hong
name: Yang, Hai-Kun
name: Huang, Li-Shan
name: Pan, Ru
name: Lei, Nan-Xiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (96)]
Creators: name: , Petra
name: Jacobia
name: Cosina
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1326
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Die ministra Petra sowie Jacobia und Cosina, alle nach eigenem Bekunden Schwestern des Augustinerordens der domus dominarum religiosarum der domus presbyteri boni in Mailand, verpachten an Laurentius Astexanus, Sohn des verstorbenen Paganus, wohnhaft in Cinisello, und seinen Sohn Paganinus einige Grundstücke, gelegen ebendort.
“Waiting for Godot”- Restructuring on Small Family Farms
Creators: name: Jack, Claire G.
name: Moss, Joan E.
name: Wallace, Michael T.
name: Jack, Claire G.
name: Moss, Joan E.
name: Wallace, Michael T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Farm households
subject: resilience
subject: wealth accumulation
subject: off-farm income

description: This paper examines the extent to which favourable off-farm labour market conditions coupled with growth in land values have contributed to the observed resilience of small scale family farms. We use data from Northern Ireland and employ farm household optimisation models to analyse household decision making processes that contribute to the observed inertia in farm structure. The analysis indicates that farm household behaviour is influenced not just by current farm income, but also expected capital asset returns. Increased wealth, associated with continuing land ownership, gives rise to the proposition that the link between off-farm incomes, increased land values and remaining in farming may be associated with farmers pursuing wealth maximizing objectives, whilst still maintaining a rural way of life. Alongside increased wealth through land ownership the farm household model quantifies the importance of off-farm income removing the pressure from farming income to fund all family consumption needs. This enables households to sustain low-income farming activities in order to pursue other objectives such as wealth management (including tax efficient transfer of wealth) and lifestyle. Consequently, the results indicate that the survival of small-scale family farms may be much less sensitive to agricultural support policies than has been commonly suggested. In an extension that explores the effects of the recent economic turbulence due to the ‘credit crunch’ we find that the households remain resilient even when subjected to a protracted period of reduced off-farm employment.
Income Diversification of Farm Households: Relevance and Determinants in Germany
Creators: name: Pieniadz, Agata
name: Renner, Swetlana
name: Rathmann, Christoph
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Pieniadz, Agata
name: Renner, Swetlana
name: Rathmann, Christoph
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Income diversification
subject: farm household
subject: survey
subject: Germany

description: During recent years, the number of farms able to generate satisfactory income from agricultural production has continuously decreased in advanced economies. The main reasons are the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of 1992 and the increasing capitalization of the primary sector. The relevance of income diversification and interest in various development paths of rural households have, therefore, been renewed in political-economic debates in those countries. The aim of this study is to identify factors that determine income diversification in Germany. An econometric model has been estimated based on a comprehensive survey’s data. The results show that the main economic incentive for farm diversification is the expected income increase or resource allocation, whereas risk minimization is less relevant. Access to resources (labor, capital) is an important requirement for tapping alternative economic activities. Other significant variables include the education of the farmer as well as his experience in managing the farm. These findings are relevant for designing effective agricultural policy measures to explicitly meet the heterogeneous needs of the rural households.
The Economics of Land Consolidation in Family Farms of Moldova
Creators: name: Cimpoies, Dragos
name: Lerman, Zvi
name: Racul, Anatol
name: Cimpoies, Dragos
name: Lerman, Zvi
name: Racul, Anatol
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land consolidation
subject: land fragmentation
subject: land market
subject: family farms
subject: rural incomes
subject: Moldova

description: The paper investigates the current situation with fragmentation of family farms in Moldova and its effects on family well-being and farm productivity. A key hypothesis is that consolidation of agricultural land in Moldova has beneficial effects in terms of productivity and is desirable in the long run. We examine the case for market-driven land consolidation using data from several recent surveys in Moldova. We show that, in the individual sector, larger farms consume less of their output and attain higher levels of commercialization. Larger individual farms thus have higher revenues from commercial sales and generate higher family incomes. Farm augmentation accordingly makes a positive contribution to the well-being of the rural population. The extent of parcel consolidation is directly correlated with the relative efficiency of farms: consolidated family farms are more efficient than those with fragmented holdings. Hence, land consolidation leads to better economic performance of family farms.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (102)]
Creators: name: Guillelmus De Mosse
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1327
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Guillelmus de Mosse, genannt Polte, Sohn des verstorbenen Zanninus de Mosse, übergibt im Auftrag des Henricus, Abt des Klosters St. Stephani in Ivrea, der Margerita, Frau des Guidecus, die inserierte Urkunde des Abtes Henricus.
Global maps of the magnetic field in the solar corona
Creators: name: Yang, Zihao
name: Bethge, Christian
name: Tian, Hui
name: Tomczyk, Steven
name: Morton, Richard
name: Del Zanna, Giulio
name: McIntosh, Scott W.
name: Karak, Bidya Binay
name: Gibson, Sarah
name: Samanta, Tanmoy
name: He, Jiansen
name: Chen, Yajie
name: Wang, Linghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding many physical processes in the solar atmosphere requires determination of the magnetic field in each atmospheric layer. However, direct measurements of the magnetic field in the Sun's corona are difficult to obtain. Using observations with the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter, we have determined the spatial distribution of the plasma density in the corona, and the phase speed of the prevailing transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves within the plasma. We combine these measurements to map the plane-of-sky component of the global coronal magnetic field. The derived field strengths in the corona from 1.05 to 1.35 solar radii are mostly 1-4 Gauss. These results demonstrate the capability of imaging spectroscopy in coronal magnetic field diagnostics.
description: Published in Science, File includes the main text and supplementary materials. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science , (2020-08-07), doi: 10.1126/science.abb4462 (https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6504/694)
Non-Traditional Export Crops and Household Livelihood Strategies: Panel Data Evidence from Guatemala
Creators: name: Kilic, Talip
name: Carletto, Calogero
name: Kilic, Talip
name: Carletto, Calogero
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Smallholders
subject: Non-Traditional Export Crops
subject: Long-Term Livelihood Changes

description: This study uses a unique panel dataset that spans a 20-year period (1985-2005), and estimates the effect of household non-traditional agricultural export (NTX) adoption on changes in livelihood orientation and participation in non-farm employment in Santiago Sacatepéquez municipality of Guatemala. Given the heterogeneity in adoption patterns, it provides differential impact estimates based on a classification of households that takes into account the timing and duration of NTX adoption. Our findings suggest that over time, household reliance on off-farm income and access to non-farm employment, particularly self-employment and blue collar work, increased in the surveyed communities, irrespective of snow pea adoption. However, the extent of change varied across groups. Although the magnitudes of increase in the aforementioned outcomes among early long-term adopters and late adopters were not statistically significant with respect to the trends among non-adopters, early adopters who withdrew from NTX production in the medium-term exhibited greater and statistically significant increases in the same livelihood outcomes with respect to any other category.
Supermassive gravitinos and giant primordial black holes
Creators: name: Meissner, Krzysztof A.
name: Nicolai, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the stable (color singlet) supermassive gravitinos proposed in our previous work can serve as seeds for giant primordial black holes. These seeds are hypothesized to start out as tightly bound states of fractionally charged gravitinos in the radiation dominated era, whose formation is supported by the universally attractive combination of gravitational and electric forces between the gravitinos and anti-gravitinos (reflecting their `almost BPS-like' nature). When lumps of such bound states coalesce and undergo gravitational collapse, the resulting mini-black holes can escape Hawking evaporation if the radiation temperature exceeds the Hawking temperature. Subsequently the black holes evolve according to an exact solution of Einstein's equations, to emerge as macroscopic black holes in the transition to the matter dominated era, with masses on the order of the solar mass or larger. The presence of these seeds at such an early time provides ample time for further accretion of matter and radiation, and would imply the existence of black holes of almost any size in the universe, up to the observed maximum.
Additional file 1 of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a potential marker of endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Jafarabady, Kyana
name: Shafiee, Arman
name: Bahri, Razman Arabzadeh
name: Mohammadi, Ida
name: Amini, Mohammad javad
name: Rajai, Shahryar
name: Akbarzadeh, Diba
name: Abhari, Faeze Soltani
name: Movahed, Emad
name: Parvari, Soraya
name: Bakhtiyari, Mahmood
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional tables and figures (incl. supplementary video descriptions) from Exploring the attachment of the Mediterranean medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana) to porous substrates
Creators: name: Kampowski, Tim
name: Lara-Louise Thiemann
name: Kürner, Lukas
name: Speck, Thomas
name: Poppinga, Simon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Text file containing tables and figures that additionally support the results presented within the main document. This file also includes the titles and descriptions of the ten supplementary videos.
Adjustment Capacity of Korean Farm Household
Creators: name: Kim, Hanho
name: Kim, Jae-Kyung
name: Kim, Hanho
name: Kim, Jae-Kyung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: trade policy reform
subject: structural adjustment
subject: expected income
subject: switching regression model
subject: farm household

description: Structural adjustment is defined as the farm household’s behavior of changing its existing farm asset distribution toward more specialized or diversified directions. Farm households are classified into agricultural or non-agricultural based ones. Estimated expected income through switching regression model reveals that higher revenue is expected when adjustment paths toward more specialization and more non-agricultural based activities are chosen.