Cochylimorpha callosana
Creators: name: Kovács, Zoltán
name: Kovács, Sándor
name: Buchner, Peter
name: Junnilainen, Jari
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Cochylimorpha
Cochylimorpha callosana

description: Cochylimorpha callosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856) sp. rev.
Figs 7, 8, 12, 16, 25–27, 31, 35, 47
Cochylis callosana Herrich-Schäffer, 1856, Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa 6: 157. Type locality: Fiume, currently Rijeka in Croatia. Synonymized with Stenodes perfusana (Guenée, 1845) by Razowski (1970: 38).
Cochylis Callosana Mihi. Mann 1854: 576 – nomen nudum.
Cochylis Callosana Mann i. l. H. S. Mann 1855: 552 – nomen nudum.
Phalonis callosana HS Kennel 1913: 283, pl. 12 fig. 85.
Euxanthis callosana HS Klimesch 1951: 24.
Stenodes perfusana (Guen.) Razowski 1987: 250 figs 70–72, 313 figs 562–563.
Cochylimorpha perfusana (Guenée, 1845) Razowski 2001: 111 pl. 8 fig. 51, 186 pl. 83 fig. 51; 2002: pl. 10 fig. 91, pl. 47 fig. 91; 2009: 138 pl. 9 fig. 97, 169 pl. 40 fig. 97.
Erroneous treatments.
Razowski (1970: 38, 162) as Cochylis callosana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 – unjustified synonymy with Stenodes perfusana (Guenée, 1845), incorrect year of description, incorrect type locality (specified as “ Locus typicus: Niederösterreich: Schneeberg ”).
Misidentification.
Phalonidia acutana (Kennel, 1913) R. Bryner in Lepiforum – adult female and female genitalia.
Type material examined.
Cochylis callosana Herrich-Schäffer, 1856: Lectotype. ♂, Callosana HS.; H. – Sch.; Origin. [al]; loc.?; ex coll. Staudinger 1 / 2; Zool. Mus. Berlin; MfN URI http://coll.mfn-berlin.de/u/09f9e3; MfN (Fig. 47). The images of the lectotype from the MfN are figured here courtesy and kind permission of Viola Richter.
Paralectotype. ♂, Callosana HS.; H. – Sch.; Origin. [al]; loc.?; ex coll. Staudinger 2 / 2; Zool. Mus. Berlin; MfN URI http://coll.mfn-berlin.de/u/09fb 0a; MfN.
Additional examined material.
35 ♂, 8 ♀, Croatia: 1 ♀, Fiume, Krone [leg.], Sammlung [= collection] Disque, DNA sample ZSM _ 46193 _ A 06 [failed], ZSM; 1 ♀, Fium [e], 13. vi. [1] 853, NHMW; 1 ♂, Fiume, 1853, prep. slide 3589 ♂ / Razowski 1959, museum-ID: MV 2117, NHMW; 1 ♂, Fiume, 1853, genit. slide Buchner, museum-ID: MV 20073, NHMW; 1 ♂, M [on] t. [e] Maggiore, 12. vi. [19] 08, callos. [ana], NHMW; 15 ♂, 2 ♀, Velebitski, 700 m, 5. vi. 2008, genit. slide Junnilainen 201711 ♂, 201722 ♀, genit. prep. Junnilainen 2 ♂ in glycerol, genit. slide Buchner m 3566, DNA sample ♂ 25903 Lepid Phyl (658 [0 n]), J. Junnilainen leg. & coll; 1 ♂, Central Velebit, Baške Oštarije, 1100 m, 4–5. vi. 2015, J. Junnilainen leg. & coll; France: 1 specimen, Corsica, ex coll. Staudinger, MfN; 1 specimen, Corsica, [18] 55, [without abdomen], ex coll. A. Caradja, MGAB 118233; Hungary: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Budapest, Jambory [= Csillebérc], Sammlung [= collection] Disque, [genitalia] prep. No. M 788, “ Cochylis ” callosana HS ♂, N. Obraztsov det. 1950, Cochylimorpha perfusana Guenée, det. Fazekas ’ [19] 94, DNA sample ♀ ZSM _ 46193 _ A 03 (145 [1 n]), ZSM; Italy: 1 ♀, Triest [e], Palisa, prep. genit. 3590 ♀ / Razowski 1959 Aethes callosana, museum-ID: MV 2118, NHMW; 1 ♂, Raibl [Udine], 1869, Stenodes callosana Gn., det. J. Razowski, NHMW; 1 ♂, Friaul, Gemona, 18. vi. [19] 50, [ex] coll. Thurner, DNA sample ZSM _ 46193 _ A 04 [failed], ZSM; 2 ♂, Friaul, L [a] go Cavazzo, 28. v. [19] 52, [ex] coll. Thurner, DNA sample ZSM _ 46193 _ A 05 [failed], ZSM; Slovenia: 1 ♂, Carniolia, Nanos, 19. vi. [19] 09, NHMW; 2 ♂, Kozina, 400 m, 30. v. 2008, J. Junnilainen leg. & coll; 1 ♀, Senožeče, 500 m, 30. v. 2008, genit. prep. Junnilainen in glycerol, slide Buchner w 3568, DNA sample TLMF Lep 32487 (658 [0 n]), J. Junnilainen leg. & coll; 2 ♂, Senožeče, 500 m, 31. v. 2008, genit. prep. Junnilainen in glycerol, J. Junnilainen leg. & coll; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Komen, 500 m, 31. v. 2008, J. Junnilainen leg. & coll.; No locality data: 1 specimen, Euxanthis callosana, G. S. 7574 ♀, Stenodes callosana HS., det. J. Razowski, ex coll. A. Caradja, MGAB 118233.
Diagnosis.
Cochylimorpha callosana is externally characterized by an extensive and conspicuous straw-yellow reticulate pattern with a scattered admixture of brown scales, and yellowish white spots of ground colour which are indistinct and of irregular size and form. In the male genitalia the tegumen has convex margins and a long terminal process; the valva is wide; the median process of the transtilla is long and wide with concave margins and a truncated apex; the caulis has deep ventro-lateral folds; and the phallus is ventrally curved at about 30 degrees with a latero-basally attached and ventrally curved cornutus, about ½ as long as the phallus. In the female genitalia the papillae anales are lanceolate and densely covered with short setae; the apophyses are stout; the ductus bursae is short; and the corpus bursae is long with the signa posteriorly consisting of a large sclerotized plate and in the median part of the bursa with a large group of thorns.
Redescription.
Adult, male (Figs 7, 47). Head. Frons and vertex covered with straw-yellow scales. Labial palpus about 2.5 times diameter of eye, first segment short, second segment long and wide, third segment short, all segments with straw-yellow scales on medial surface, brownish yellow on lateral surface. Antenna filiform, reaching ½ forewing, brown, covered with straw-yellow scales dorsally.
Thorax. Dorsally covered with straw-yellow scales, long and erect in posterior 1 / 3. Tegula covered with straw-yellow scales. Forewing length 7–8.5 mm, wingspan 15.5–19 mm. Forewing short and trapezoidal, slightly widening from base to apex, about 2 1 / 4 times as long as wide, costal margin without costal fold, convex in basal 1 / 3, remainder straight, apex rounded, termen straight. Shiny yellowish white spots of ground colour larger and irregularly shaped basally, smaller and roundish apically. Reticulate pattern consisting of numerous wide, sinuous, straw-yellow cross-lines, often forming a narrow, elongated and indistinct dorsal blotch. Scattered admixture of brown scales forming small indistinct spots along costal margin and middle of dorsal margin, dense and consisting of scattered spots on median and subterminal areas, and only dispersed brown scales along termen and apex. Fringe shiny yellowish white. Hindwing without costal roll, dark grey, fringe white with grey basal line. Underside of thorax and forewing brownish grey, yellow along distal ½ of the costal margin and along basal ½ of subcostal vein, fringe yellowish white, with grey basal line, hindwing yellowish white with admixture of grey scales, yellow along M 2 vein, fringe yellowish white with indistinct grey basal line. Fore- and mid-leg covered with brownish-grey scales on medial and yellowish white on lateral surface, hindleg ochreous white.
Abdomen. Covered with grey scales, light grey at distal edge of segments, and last segment with yellowish white scales.
Variation. Colour of markings varying from straw-yellow to light brownish yellow; narrow and indistinct dorsal blotch often light brownish yellow. In fresh specimens straw-yellow reticulate pattern dominates.
Male genitalia (Figs 12, 25–27, 31). Tegumen tapering, with convex margins and long terminal process. Socius long, broadly rounded from margin of tegumen, densely covered with medium- long setae. Median process of transtilla wide, with concave margins, distal 1 / 4 round, truncated apically with group of small thorns. Valva wide, elongated, costa concave with evident swelling in basal ½, sacculus 2 / 5 length of valva, ventral margin of valva straight, cucullus widely rounded. Vinculum rod-like, straight, dorsal ½ slender, ventral ½ slightly wider, ventral end inwardly curved, saccus membranous. Caulis wide with long and deep ventro-lateral folds. Phallus shorter than valva, curved ventrally about 30 degrees at ½ of its length, ventral phallic process short, tapering. Vesica with a single stout, latero-basally attached, non-deciduous cornutus, with a broadly round base, aciculate, slightly ventrally curved, and ½ as long as phallus.
Variation. Terminal process of tegumen variable, more or less pointed; median process of transtilla more or less strengthened medially, small thorns at apex arranged in two parallel rows.
Female (Fig. 8). Forewing length 6–7.5 mm, wingspan 14–16.5 mm. Forewing markings more conspicuous, admixture of brown scales less pronounced and ill-defined spots of ground colour smaller than in male. Hindwing with 3 bristles in the frenulum.
Female genitalia (Figs 16, 35). Papilla analis 1 ½ as long as segment VIII, narrow, elongated, lanceolate, densely covered with strong, short setae. Posterior apophysis 1 ½ as long as segment VIII, posterior 1 / 3 wide and weakly sclerotized, anterior 2 / 3 rod-like, stout and strongly sclerotized. Segment VIII slightly longer than wide, dorsally with 2 rows of strong and long setae along posterior margin, ventrally with a single row along margins. Anterior apophysis slightly shorter than posterior apophysis, entirely rod-like, stout and strongly sclerotized. Sterigma with wide lateral sides and strengthened middle covered with weak microspines. Anteostial sclerite small, covered with weak microspines. Ostium almost as wide as segment VIII. Antrum ½ as long as wide, strongly sclerotized. Ductus bursae ½ as wide as ostium, shorter than wide, membranous. Corpus bursae about 2 times as long as wide, rounded anteriorly, membranous; posterior ½ occupied by signa consisting of a large sclerotized plate posteriorly with weak longitudinal folds; in middle of corpus bursae a large group of tiny thorns. Accessory bursa membranous, almost ½ of size of corpus bursae, with a short and wide postero-lateral join.
Molecular data
(Fig. 36). BIN URI: BOLD: ADI 3050. The intraspecific divergence of the DNA barcode region is 0.15 % (n = 2). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbour, C. dorsimaculana, is 3.12 %, to C. perfusana 3.13 %, to C. bucegiana sp. nov. 4.43 %.
Habitat.
Dry and stony open hilly meadows and semi-open mountain slopes on limestone substrate, from 350 to 1500 m.
Biology.
Poorly known. Adults fly in the daytime (Mann 1854: 576) and evening (Mann 1857: 165). The most recently collected specimens were taken in the evening and early morning by net, usually around places where Centaurea (Asteraceae) species grow, but some specimens were also attracted to light (J. Junnilainen personal observation). Moths are on wing from mid-May to mid-June.
Distribution
(Fig. 48). Widespread in the north-western part of the Balkan Peninsula (Croatia and Slovenia) and north-eastern Italy, localized in eastern France (Prémanon), and known only from historic records from Corsica (France) and Hungary. The type locality is Rijeka (formerly Fiume) in north-western Croatia (Herrich-Schäffer 1856: 157). Razowski (1970: 162; 2002: 43; 2009: 37) erroneously gives Lower Austria: Schneeberg or only Austria as the type locality of the species, but these records refer to C. perfusana (Herrich-Schäffer 1851: 183).
We examined voucher material from north-western Croatia (Rijeka; Velebit Mountains: Velebitski, Baške Oštarije, 1100 m; Istria: Mt. Maggiore), south-western Slovenia (Nanos; Senožeče; Kozina; Komen), north-eastern Italy (Trieste; Trentino; Friuli; Udine), Corsica and Hungary (Budapest, Csillebérc, as Jambory). These are the first country records for Slovenia and Hungary (for explanations see below). Further material was identified from figures in the literature or available on the world wide web (all as C. perfusana unless otherwise mentioned): Yugoslavia without further details (Razowski 1987: 250 figs 70–72, 313 figs 562–563 as Stenodes perfusana; 2001: 37; 2002: 43, pl. 5 fig. 91, pl. 47 fig. 91; 2009: 37, pl. 9 fig. 97, pl. 40 fig. 97); north-eastern Italy (Monte Bondone, Viotte, 1500 m; Val. Venzonassa, Malga Confin; Trieste, Basovizza, 440 m) (Klimesch 1951: 24; P. Huemer in BOLD and pers. comm.; R. Bryner in Lepiforum as Phalonidia acutana (Kennel, 1913)); Hungary (Budapest) (Fazekas 1994: 40 fig. 1); and the first record from mainland France (Prémanon, 26. v. 2022) (G. Mainguy in iNaturalist).
Literature records.
The earliest record of the species, which predates Herrich-Schäffer’s (1856: 157) formal description, is from Gradischa in the historic southern Carniolia (= Krain in German) by Mann (1854: 576 as Cochylis Callosana Mihi. [probably Mtzn., error during digitalization]). This historic locality name currently is known as Gradisca d’Isonzo in the north-eastern part of modern Italy. Another record, which also predates the formal description, is given by Mann (1855: 552 as Cochylis Callosana Mann i. l. H. S.) from Corsica (Lazareth peak on the road from Ajaccio to Tavaco). There are two historic voucher specimens labelled as Corsica, one in ex coll. O. Staudinger in MfN, Berlin (Viola Richter pers. comm.) and another in ex coll. A. Caradja in MGAB, Bucharest (M. Stănescu pers. comm.). Molecular studies of recently collected material from Corsica will be necessary for the certain identification. Mann (1857: 165) recorded it from Fiume (= Rijeka) in Croatia. According to Staudinger and Wocke (1871: 242), the species is distributed in southern Carniolia and Corsica (France), both repetitions of the data of Mann (1854: 576; 1855: 552). Kennel (1913: 284) mentions Corsica (France), southern Carniolia, Istria, Dalmatia (Croatia) and Wallis (Switzerland). The first two are repetitions of the previous references. We examined voucher material from Croatia, but we cannot confirm the record from Wallis because the studied figures of adults from Switzerland posted on different websites all proved to be C. perfusana (see above).
Klimesch (1951: 24) recorded it as Euxanthis callosana HS. from Italy, Trentino, Monte Boldone, Viotte, 1500 m, this is the highest recorded elevation for the species. It has been reported from Hungary by Gozmány (1968: 277 as Stenodes callosana HS) without further data. Subsequently, two historic specimens collected from Budapest (Jambory = Csillebérc, Zs. Bálint pers. comm.) and deposited in ZSM were recorded as C. perfusana by Fazekas (1994: 40). Later the species was also mentioned in the checklists as C. perfusana, from the first (Szabóky et al. 2002: 68) to the latest (Pastorális and Buschmann 2018: 135), but recently the two historic specimens deposited in ZSM have been ignored, and the species deleted from the Hungarian checklist by Fazekas (2022: 118; 2023: 24, 28). In Razowski’s works (1970: 163; 2001: 37; 2002: 43; 2009: 37, all as C. perfusana) only records from Italy and Croatia (Dalmatia) are of C. callosana. Trematerra (2003: 51) recorded C. perfusana from northern Italy, but the data from north-eastern Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia) refer to this species, the other records need re-examination (for details see C. perfusana above). The record of C. perfusana f. callosana from Romania (Bucegi Mountains) by Kovács and Kovács (2005: 61, 64 fig. 53, 70 fig. 72, 87, 88) was erroneous and is of C. bucegiana sp. nov. Lesar and Godevič (2010: 77) list C. perfusana from Slovenia based only on two old literature sources, Mann (1854) and Staudinger and Wocke (1871), however, as we already demonstrated above, all these historic records under the name C. callosana refer to modern Italy. The latter authors mention also C. perfusana, but from Serbia. As a consequence, all of these data for C. perfusana and C. callosana are not part of the Slovenian fauna. Glerean et al. (2022: 60 as C. perfusana) published data from the Prealpi Giulie Natural Park (Gruppo del Monte Plauris) in Friuli, north-east Italy. We were not able to examine the voucher specimens, but we presume that the record may refer to C. callosana, because all of the specimens examined from north-eastern Italy proved to belong to the latter species.
As a consequence, confirmed data of C. callosana are recorded herewithin for the first time from the Slovenian fauna as the previous records refer to Italy. The species also replaces C. perfusana in north-eastern Italy, and the records from north-western Italy require re-examination (Trematerra 2003: 51; Stoch 2003). We report C. callosana again from Hungary as recently Fazekas (2022: 118; 2023: 24, 28 all as C. perfusana) deleted it from the checklist, claiming lack of evidence.
Taxonomic notes.
Cochylis callosana was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Fiume (currently Rijeka in Croatia) by Herrich-Schäffer (1856: 157) in the sixth volume of his Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa as a species related to C. perfusana (“ Der Perfusana am nächsten, ... ”), the latter species was mentioned in the fourth volume (Herrich-Schäffer 1851: 183). Also in the sixth volume, but in the Index of the fourth volume, both species were mentioned and both cross-referenced to the same page: “ * callosana (Cochylis) Mtzn. pp. 183 ” and “ ** perfusana (Cochylis) FR. p. 183, HS 247, 248 ” (Herrich-Schäffer 1856: Index 7, 32). These similar references have probably been the starting point of the subsequent confusion and taxonomic problems, because at the specified page, 183, there is only the description of C. perfusana.
Two arguments support our presumption that the name C. callosana might be a commonly used manuscript name before the Herrich-Schäffer’s formal description. In the Index of the fourth volume, Herrich-Schäffer (1856: 7) mentions “ Mtzn. ” (= Metzner) as the author of the species name, and the second is that Mann (1854: 576; 1855: 552) twice used the name callosana to record a well-defined moth from southern Carniolia and Corsica before the description of the species by Herrich-Schäffer (1856: 157). Cochylis callosana was defined by Herrich-Schäffer (1856: 157) as having a short forewing, straw-yellow coloured markings with only two black spots on the forewing, neither on costal margin nor on termen (remarks: the black spots are the scattered spots formed by the admixture of brown scales). All these characters fit the material examined in this study from Croatia, Slovenia, Italy, France and Hungary. It has also been treated as a valid species, Phalonia callosana HS., by Kennel (1913: 283–284, pl. 12 fig. 85). Kennel’s description also fits the original one, except for the figure which, as mentioned by Kennel himself, is too light yellow (“ Taf. XII, fig. 85 ♂ (zu hochgelb) ”) (Kennel 1913: 283); however, this feature characterizes worn specimens. This species has also been treated by Klimesch (1951: 24) as Euxanthis callosana HS. In the monograph on the Palaearctic Cochylini, Razowski (1970: 38, 162, colour pl. 8, pl. 50, pl. 127) mentions a lectotype deposited in MfN Berlin, but incorrectly gives Schneeberg in Lower Austria as the type locality. Neither the lectotype nor the paralectotype possesses locality data. Razowski confused and synonymized C. callosana with C. perfusana, and gave the reference as: “ Cochylis callosana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851, Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa 4: 183 ”, however, this is wrong and in fact it refers to C. perfusana. The correct reference is: Cochylis callosana Herrich-Schäffer, 1856, Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa 6: 157 (different year, volume and page), where Fiume (= Rijeka, Croatia) is specified as the type locality. Razowski figured two male adults, one of C. perfusana and another of C. dorsimaculana (as perfusana f. dorsimaculana), and the genitalia of both sexes of C. perfusana. In his subsequent works Razowski (2001: 13; 2002: 43; 2009: 37) continues using the incorrect data and taxonomic status, and figures the adult male of C. perfusana, the female of C. dorsimaculana, and the genitalia of both sexes of C. callosana, all under the name C. perfusana.
The reasons why Cochylimorpha callosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856), sp. rev. is reinstated to species rank are:
the divergence in the DNA barcodes: the DNA barcoded specimens cluster in a separate BIN (BOLD: ADI 3050), at a minimum distance of 3.12 % to the nearest neighbour C. dorsimaculana, at 3.13 % to C. perfusana and 4.43 % to C. bucegiana sp. nov.
the different external morphology: straw-yellow reticulate pattern with scattered admixture of brown scales and grey hindwing characterizes C. callosana, in contrast to the olive-green reticulate pattern without an admixture of brown scales and the light grey hindwing of C. perfusana.
the clear differences in the structure of the genitalia of both sexes: the male with slightly concave margins and truncated apex of the median process of the transtilla and ventrally curved phallus of C. callosana, in contrast to C. perfusana male with a parallel sided and tapering apex of the median process of the transtilla and straight phallus; and female with a long corpus bursae and signa consisting of a large sclerotized plate posteriorly with weak longitudinal folds and in the middle of bursa a large group of tiny thorns of C. callosana, in contrast to C. perfusana female with a short corpus bursae and the signum being a very weakly sclerotized plate in the posterior 1 / 3 of the bursa, with distinct longitudinal folds.
the clear differences in the habitat and distributional pattern: C. callosana inhabits meadows at lower elevations (from 350–1500 m) and is widespread only in the north-western Balkan Peninsula and north-eastern Italy, and is local in eastern France, Corsica and Hungary, in contrast to the montane meadows (between 550–2100 m) of the mountain ranges inhabited by the even more widely distributed C. perfusana, from the Carpathians and the Pirin Mountains through the Austrian Alps and Switzerland to the Hautes Alpes in France.
description: Published as part of Kovács, Zoltán, Kovács, Sándor, Buchner, Peter & Junnilainen, Jari, 2024, A review of the Cochylimorpha perfusana (Guenée, 1845) species group (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Europe, with the description of a new species from the Southern Carpathians (Romania), pp. 125-162 in Nota Lepidopterologica 47 on pages 125-162, DOI: 10.3897/nl.47.122906