Oxymeris modesta
Creators: name: Harzhauser, Mathias
name: Landau, Bernard M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Terebridae
Oxymeris
Oxymeris modesta

description: Oxymeris modesta (Defrance, 1829)
Figs 13A–F
* Terebra modesta Tristan — Defrance 1829: 288.
Subula Blainvillii m.— Eichwald 1830: 223.
Terebra Blainvillei [sic] m— Eichwald 1851: 89, pl. 7, figs 23a–b.
Terebra Blainvillei [sic]— Eichwald 1852: plate captions, pl. 7, figs 23a–b.
Terebra Blainvillei [sic] m.— Eichwald 1853: 161.
Terebra fuscata Brn. — Hauer 1837: 417 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra fuscata — Hörnes 1848: 17 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra fuscata —Naumann 1852: pl. 79, fig. 22 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra fuscata Brocc. — Hörnes 1852: 128, pl. 11, figs 15–18, 26 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra fuscata Brocc. — Pereira da Costa 1866: 78, pl. 12, figs 14–16, pl. 13, figs 1–2 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra Hochstetteri —Hoernes 1880: 246 [nomen nudum].
Terebra (Acus) Hochstetteri nov. form.— Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 107, pl. 12, figs 18 a–b [non Terebra hochstetteri Martin, 1879].
Terebra Hochstetteri ??— Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 107, pl. 12, fig. 19.
[Terebra (Subula) plicaria] var. perstriatula Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 14 [pro Terebra hochstetteri Hoernes & Auinger 1880: pl. 12, fig. 19].
[Terebra] S [ubula]. plicaria var. laevisulcata Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 12, pl. 1, fig. 14.
[Terebra] Subula conicoplicaria Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 15, pl. 1, fig. 23.
[Terebra] Subula modesta (Tristan)— Sacco 1891a: 15, pl. 1, fig. 24.
[Terebra] S [ubula]. modesta var. plano-clavata Sacc.— Sacco 1891a: 16, pl. 1, fig. 25.
[Terebra] S [ubula]. modesta var. perinflata Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 16, pl. 1, fig. 26.
[Terebra] S [ubula]. modesta var. dertofusulata Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 16, pl. 1, fig. 27.
[Terebra] S [ubula]. modesta var. ovulata Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 16, pl. 1, fig. 28.
Terebra (Acus) fuscata Brocc. — Boettger 1902: 18 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra (Subula) fuscata Brocc. — Friedberg 1911: 1, pl. 1, fig. 1 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra (Subula) modesta Tristan in Defrance — Peyrot 1931: 121, pl. 10, fig. 20.
Terebra modesta Trist. — Friedberg 1938: 158.
Terebra (Subula) plicaria Bast. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 62 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Terebra (Oxymeris) modesta Tristan in Defrance, 1829 — Glibert 1952a: 380, pl. 14, fig. 5.
Terebra (Subula) plicaria Bast. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 57 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Terebra (Subula) fuscata plicaria Bast. — Strausz 1954: 37, pl. 2, figs 44a–b [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Terebra (Subula) fuscata Brocc. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 92, figs 7a, 7b.
Terebra (Subula) plicaria Bast. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: pl. 12, figs 5–6 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
S [ubula]. (O [xymeris].) fuscata plicaria (Bast.) — Sieber 1958: 162 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
S [ubula]. (O [xymeris].) fuscata modesta (Trist.) — Sieber 1958: 162.
Terebra (Subula) fuscata (Brocchi) — Erünal-Erentöz 1958: 125, pl. 20, figs 15, 16 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra (Subula) fuscata var. modesta Tristan in Defrance, 1829 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 218, pl. 52, figs 1–2.
Terebra (Subula) fuscata plicaria Basterot — Strausz 1962: 31, pl. 5, figs 8–10 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Terebra (Subula) fuscata Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 394, pl. 5, fig. 11.
Terebra (Subula) fuscata plicaria Basterot — Strausz 1966: 394, pl. 5, figs 8–10 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Subula (Oxymeris) fuscata (Brocchi, 1914) — Tejkal et al. 1967: 209, pl. 12B, fig. 3 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra fuscata (Brocchi, 1814) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 231, pl. 52, figs 6–7 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra (Subula) fuscata Brocchi — Atanacković 1969: 216, pl. 14, figs 2–2a [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Subula (Oxymeris) fuscata modesta (Tristan, 1829)— Steininger et al. 1971: 406, pl. 11, fig. 11.
Terebra (Subula) plicaria Basterot — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 34, pl. 18, figs 4–5 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Terebra (Subula) fuscata Brocchi — Nicorici 1972: 69 [non Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814)].
Terebra (Oxymeris) modesta (Tristan in Defrance)— Bohn-Havas 1973: 1126, pl. 8, fig. 7.
Terebra (Subula) plicaria (Basterot) 1825 — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1126 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Subula (Subula) plicaria (Basterot) — Davoli 1977: 156, pl. 3, figs 1–5, 9, 19.
Subula (Oxymeris) modesta (Tristan in Defrance)— Davoli, 1977: 158, pl. 3, figs 6–8, 10, 13, 17, 25.
Terebra (Subula) fuscata plicaria Basterot, 1825 — Švagrovský 1982: 408, pl. 7, figs 1–3 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Subula (Subula) modesta Tristan in Defrance— Ruggieri & Davoli 1984: 73, pl. 15, figs 4–6.
Terebra (Subula) fuscata modesta Tristan in Defrance, 1817— Atanacković 1985: 183, pl. 41, figs 5–6.
Subula (Oxymeris) plicaria (Basterot, 1825) — Bałuk 1997: 68, pl. 24, figs 6–12 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Subula (Subula) fuscata plicaria (Basterot) — Schultz 1998: 72, pl. 29, fig. 14 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Subula (Oxymeris) plicaria (Basterot, 1825) —Harzhauser 2002: 115, pl. 10, fig. 7.
Subula (Oxymeris) plicaria (Basterot 1825) — İslamoğlu 2004: 165, pl. 4, figs 11, 12 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Subula plicaria (de Basterot, 1825) — Landau et al. 2013: 296, pl. 51, figs 8–9; pl. 82, fig. 15 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
Subula (Subula) fuscata plicaria (Basterot, 1825) — Popa et al. 2014: 18, pl. 6, fig. 2 [non Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825)].
non Terebra (Subula) fuscata modesta Trist. — Strausz 1954: 37, pl. 2, figs 45a–c [= Oxymeris transleithana nov. sp.].
non Terebra (Subula) fuscata modesta Tristan— Strausz 1962: 31, pl. 5, figs 12–14 [= Oxymeris transleithana nov. sp.].
non Terebra (Subula) fuscata modesta Tristan (in Defrance)— Strausz 1966: 395, pl. 5, figs 12–14 [= Oxymeris transleithana nov. sp.].
Type material. The syntypes of Oxymeris modesta were described from the Langhian of the Touraine (France). The collection of Defrance was destroyed in WWII (pers. comm. Ronald Janssen).
Illustrated material. NHMW 1855/0045/0396, 105.6 mm, MD: mm, 22.1 mm, Baden (Austria), Figs 13A 1 – A 2. NHMW 2023/0296/0002, SL: 88.1 mm, MD: mm, 23.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 13B 1 –B 2. NHMW 1870/0033/0047, 83.1 mm, MD: mm, 22.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 13C 1 –C 2.
NHMW 1949/0005/0005, SL: 55.0 mm, MD: 14.8 mm, holotype of Terebra (Acus) hochstetteri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880; illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880: pl. 12, fig. 18), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 13D 1 – D 2. NHMW 2023/0296/0003, SL: 88.9 mm, MD: 22.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 13E 1 –E 2. NHMW 1843/0008/0010, SL: 119.2 mm, MD: 26.5 mm, Sainte Maure, Touraine (France), Figs 13F 1 –F 2.
Additional material. NHMW 1846 /0037/0118, SL: 85.2 mm, MD: 22.3 mm, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852; pl. 11, Fig. 15); note that the illustration shows a restored specimen with apex. NHMW 1860 /00050/0047, Neuruppersdorf (Austria); NHMW 1869 /0001/0026, SL: 74.4 mm, MD: 20.4 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852; pl. 11, Fig. 18); 4 spec., 15 spec., NHMW 1997 z0178/1206, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 1 spec., NHHMW 1866 /0001/0694, Möllersdorf (Austria); 20 spec., NHMW 1997 z0178/1485, Gainfarn (Austria); 26 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/1405, Gainfarn (Austria); 9 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0117, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 2013 /0078/0419, Baden (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 2013 /0300/0402, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 2013 /0300/0403, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1853 /0010/0011, Enzesfeld (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1869 /0001/0450, Forchtenau (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/0425, Forchtenau (Austria); 7 spec., NHMW 1870 /0037/0009, Ritzing (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1868 /0008/0047, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 2012 /0229/0169, Traiskirchen (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 2012 /0229/0170, Traiskirchen (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0136, Steinebrunn (Austria); 12 spec., NHMW 1860 /0005/0028, Pöls (Austria); 7 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/0927, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic); 12 spec., NHMW 1851 /0010/0017, Mikulov (Czech Republic); 3 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/90137, Mikulov (Czech Republic); 2 spec., NHMW 1859 /0040/0008, Zaleśce (Ukraine); 1. spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0932, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 2. spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0928, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 6. spec., NHMW 1973 /1615/0012, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 8. spec., NHMW 1870 /0033/0047, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 7. spec., NHMW 1854 /0035/0310, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 10. spec., NHMW 1854 /0035/0109, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 10. spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0927, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 15. spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0926, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 7. spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0934, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 8. spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0931, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 28. spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0930, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 5 spec., NHMW 1867 /0019/0050, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania); 2 spec., NHMW 2018 /0245/0351, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania); 4 spec., NHMW 2018 /0245/0352, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania).
Revised description. Very large, moderately slender shell of up to 14 teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~17°. Protoconch unknown. Early spire typically conical or weakly gradate. Whorl profile conical to subcylindrical. Broad subsutural band with weak axial ribs; delimited by distinct spiral groove. Below, broad, low, faintly opisthocyrt axial ribs. Axial sculpture fading abapically, typically around tenth teleoconch whorl, but variable. Spiral grove weakening but frequently persisting as weak groove on last whorl. Later teleoconch whorls weakly convex, usually smooth, except for delicate growth lines. Spiral threads or grooves may occur on last teleoconch whorls. Last whorl high, weakly convex, about 35–40% of total height. Base slowly contracting. Fasciole prominent, broad, adapically delimited by sharp carina and separated from base by moderately narrow groove. Aperture elongate, moderately narrow. Columella weakly twisted, angulated at transition into convex parietal area. Columellar callus forming thin, broad rim, moderately delimited from base. Anal canal indistinct, narrowly incised. Outer lip thin. Basal lip convex, wide. Siphonal canal short, wide, twisted, slightly deflected to the left, moderately notched at tip.
Paratethyan synonyms. Subula blainvillii Eichwald, 1830, the type is stored in the Paleontological Museum of the St. Petersburg State University (Russia).
Terebra (Acus) hochstetteri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880; holotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0005, SL: 55.0 mm, MD: 14.8 mm, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger 1880: pl. 12, fig. 18, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 13D 1 –D 2. Terebra (Acus) hochstetteri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880. Terebra hochstetteri is based on a single specimen with spiral grooves on the last whorl. Although rare, spiral grooves occasionally occur on the last whorls of Oxymeris modesta and do not justify a separation at species level. Terebra hochstetteri is preoccupied by Martin (1879) for a Miocene species from Indonesia. Because we consider the Paratethyan taxon to be a subjective junior synonym of Oxymeris modesta, no replacement name is needed.
Terebra (Subula) plicaria perstriatula Sacco, 1891; holotype, GBA, SL: 67.5 mm, MD: 18.8 mm, Lăpugiu des Sus (Romania). The specimen was stored in the Geosphere Austria (formerly Geological Survey of Austria) but is lost. This name was established by Sacco (1891a) for the specimen illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880: pl. 12, fig. 19) as “ Terebra hochstetteri ??”. This fragmentary specimen represents an Oxymeris modesta with delicate spiral grooves on the last teleoconch whorls.
Discussion. The authorship of Oxymeris modesta is frequently given as Tristan in Defrance 1829, but as this was a manuscript name, as clearly stated by Defrance (1829: 288), the authorship must pass to Defrance (1829). Paratethyan material of this species was variously identified as Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825) or O. modesta (Defrance, 1829) in the literature. Oxymeris plicaria is based on material from the Burdigalian of Saucats (France) (Figs 12A–C) and O. modesta is based on specimens from the Langhian of the Touraine (France) (Fig. 13F). Bouchet (1981) assumed an anagenetic development from the Early Miocene Oxymeris plicaria (de Basterot, 1825) to the Middle and Late Miocene O. modesta (Defrance, 1829), which was said to be more obtuse, having a shallower suture and a less distinct subsutural groove (Bouchet 1981: 365). We have studied Early Miocene specimens from Saucats (France) (10 spec., NHMW 1851/0019/0005; 6 spec., NHMW 1850/0018/0105; 6 spec., NHMW 1856/0029/0028), Bordeaux (France) (2 spec., NHMW 1836/0012/0185) Saint-Paul-lès-Dax (France) (4 spec., 1850/0018/0024), Middle Miocene specimens from Salles (France) (4 spec., NHMW1856/0035/0492) Sainte-Maure, Pontlevoy (France) (12 spec., NHMW 1854/0018/0018) and Late Miocene specimens from Tortona (Italy) (1 spec., NHMW 1862/0035/0215) and Cacela (Portugal (3 spec., NHMW 1863/0057/0023). The comparison between these specimens showed that the shell of Oxymeris plicaria has more prominent axial ribs on early teleoconch whorls, persisting down to about 8–12 whorls (Figs 12A–C). Oxymeris modesta differs in its larger maximum size (but small adult specimens occur as well), usually has weaker axial sculpture, which fades earlier around 8–9 th teleoconch whorls, has more convex whorls and is slightly more obtuse. The big confusion between both species was mainly caused by the fact that researchers such as Davoli (1977) identified Middle and Late Miocene specimens of O. modesta as O. plicaria. This confusion induced later authors, such as Bałuk (1997) and Landau et al. (2013) to treat both species as morphs of a single species (which was correct based on Davoli’s material). Herein, we follow Bouchet (1981) and consider the Early Miocene Oxymeris plicaria and the latest Early to Middle Miocene O. modesta as anagenetic succession of two (chrono)species. The Paratethyan specimens and those from the Serrvallian of the Karaman Basin (Turkey) represent typical O. modesta.
Based on Pliocene material from Italy (e.g., Asti, 21 spec., NHMW 1851/0017/0052), Castell’Arquato, 5 spec., NHMW 1831/0017/0054), we agree with Landau et al. (2013) in separating Oxymeris fuscata (Brocchi, 1814) from O. modesta due to its more elongate shell, with more flat sided whorls, weaker axial sculpture and narrower aperture. The Pliocene O. fuscata (Brocchi 1814) was discussed by Bouchet (1981) to have entered the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic after the Messinian Salinity Crises.
Paleoenvironment. Ubiquitous in all paleoenvironments from coastal marine to outer neritic.
Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Karnabrunn, Niederkreuzstetten, Stetten (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880; Harzhauser 2002); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Neuruppersdorf (Austria) (hop opus), Slup (Czech Republic) (Tejkal et al. 1968). Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hörnes 1852), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1997); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zgłobice (Poland), Żabiak, Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) Zaleśce (Salisze) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911, 1938); Voronyaky Hills: Hołubica (Holubytsia) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Baden-Sooss, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Möllersdorf, Steinebrunn, Traiskirchen, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1880), Mikulov, Borský Mikuláš (Czech Republic) (Hörnes 1852; Švagrovský 1982); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (hoc opus); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (Hörnes 1852); Styrian Basin: Pöls (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Pécsszabolcs, Várpalota, Szob, Letkés (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950; Bohn-Havas 1973); southern Pannonian Basin: Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985). Bükk Mountains: Bóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Cserhát Mountains: Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Făget Basin: Bujtur, CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu des Sus, NemeŞeŞti (Romania) (Boettger 1902; hoc opus); Caransebeş-Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca, Valea Calvei (Romania) (Hinculov 1968); Şimleu Basin: Tusa (Romania) (Nicorici 1972); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Staropatica (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).
North Sea. Late Burdigalian-Langhian (Early/Middle Miocene): North Sea Basin: Netherlands (A.W. Janssen 1984), Germany (Kautsky 1925; Moths et al. 2010).
Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian and Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin (France) (Peyrot 1931; Lozouet et al. 2001); Langhian-Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin (France) (Peyrot 1931); Langhian: Loire Basin, France (Glibert 1952a); Tortonian (Late Miocene): Algarve Basin: Cacela (Portugal) (Pereira da Costa 1866).
Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi (Italy) (Sacco 1891a); Langhian (Middle Miocene): Kasaba Basin (Turkey) (İslamoğlu 2004); Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin, Turkey (Erünal-Erentöz 1958; Landau et al. 2013); Tortonian and Messinian (Late Miocene): Po Basin (Italy) (Sacco 1891a; Davoli 1977).
description: Published as part of Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard M., 2023, The auger snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea, Terebridae) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, pp. 1-70 in Zootaxa 5385 (1) on pages 26-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5385.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10376252