cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time-lapsed graphene moiré superlattice on Cu(111)
Creators: name: Süle, P.
name: Szendrő, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detailed study of the graphene (gr) moiré superlattices emerging due to the mismatch between the substrate's and gr-overlayer crystal lattices is inevitable because of its high technological relevance. However, little is known about the dynamics of moiré superstructures on gr. Here, we report the first classical molecular dynamics simulation (CMD) of the moiré superlattice of graphene on Cu(111) using a new parameterized Tersoff-potential for the graphene/Cu(111) interface fitted in this paper to nonlocal van der Waals density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The interfacial force field with time-lapsed CMD provides superlattices in good quantitative agreement with the available experimental results. The long range coincidence supercells of $2 \times 2$ and $3 \times 3$ with nonequivalent moiré hills have also been identified and analyzed. The moiré superlattice exhibits a pattern which is dynamical rather than statically pinned to the support and can be observed mostly via time lapsing. The instantaneous snapshots of the periodic moiré pattern already at low temperature are weakly disordered lacking the apparent sharpness of the time averaged pattern and scanning tunneling microscopy images. This suggests the existence of competing orders between a static (1st order) and a dynamical (2nd order) moiré superstructures.The revealed random height fluctuations may limit the important electronic properties of supported graphene such as the mobility of charge carriers.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, supplementary material included. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.1716
Principal Component Analysis of Azimuthal Flow in Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Reactions
Creators: name: Li, Bao-An
name: Richter, Jake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) via Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of large datasets is an adaptive exploratory method to uncover natural patterns underlying the data. Several recent applications of the PCA-SVD to event-by-event single-particle azimuthal angle distribution matrices in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-LHC energies indicate that the sine and cosine functions chosen {\it a priori} in the traditional Fourier analysis are naturally the most optimal basis for azimuthal flow studies according to the data itself. We perform PCA-SVD analyses of mid-central Au+Au collisions at $E_{\rm beam}/A$=1.23 GeV simulated using an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model to address the following two questions: (1) if the principal components of the covariance matrix of nucleon azimuthal angle distributions in heavy-ion reactions around 1 GeV/nucleon are naturally sine and/or cosine functions and (2) what if any advantages the PCA-SVD may have over the traditional flow analysis using the Fourier expansion for studying the EOS of dense nuclear matter. We find that (1) in none of our analyses the principal components come out naturally as sine and/or cosine functions, (2) while both the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix are appreciably EOS dependent, the PCA-SVD has no apparent advantage over the traditional Fourier analysis for studying the EOS of dense nuclear matter using the azimuthal collective flow in heavy-ion collisions.
description: Significant revisions with additional results and discussions. Nuclear Physics A in press
Transfer Learning Framework for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech using a Large-Scale Unlabeled Speech Corpus
Creators: name: Kim, Minchan
name: Jeong, Myeonghun
name: Choi, Byoung Jin
name: Ahn, Sunghwan
name: Lee, Joun Yeop
name: Kim, Nam Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training a text-to-speech (TTS) model requires a large scale text labeled speech corpus, which is troublesome to collect. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning framework for TTS that utilizes a large amount of unlabeled speech dataset for pre-training. By leveraging wav2vec2.0 representation, unlabeled speech can highly improve performance, especially in the lack of labeled speech. We also extend the proposed method to zero-shot multi-speaker TTS (ZS-TTS). The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of naturalness, intelligibility, and speaker generalization. We highlight that the single speaker TTS model fine-tuned on the only 10 minutes of labeled dataset outperforms the other baselines, and the ZS-TTS model fine-tuned on the only 30 minutes of single speaker dataset can generate the voice of the arbitrary speaker, by pre-training on unlabeled multi-speaker speech corpus.
description: Accepted by Interspeech2022
Spectroscopic Properties of a Biologically Relevant [Fe2(μ-O)2] Diamond Core Motif with a Short Iron-Iron Distance
Creators: name: Kass, Dustin
name: Yao, Shenglai
name: Krause, Konstantin B.
name: Corona, Teresa
name: Richter, Liza
name: Braun, Thomas
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Haumann, Michael
name: Dau, Holger
name: Lohmiller, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bioinorganic Chemistry
subject: Diamond Core
subject: Intermediate Q
subject: Iron Cofactors
subject: Soluble Methane Monooxygenase
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Diiron cofactors in enzymes perform diverse challenging transformations. The structures of high valent intermediates (Q in methane monooxygenase and X in ribonucleotide reductase) are debated since Fe−Fe distances of 2.5–3.4 Å were attributed to “open” or “closed” cores with bridging or terminal oxido groups. We report the crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization of a FeIII2(μ-O)2 complex (2) with tetrahedral (4C) centres and short Fe−Fe distance (2.52 Å), persisting in organic solutions. 2 shows a large Fe K-pre-edge intensity, which is caused by the pronounced asymmetry at the TD FeIII centres due to the short Fe−μ−O bonds. A ≈2.5 Å Fe−Fe distance is unlikely for six-coordinate sites in Q or X, but for a Fe2(μ-O)2 core containing four-coordinate (or by possible extension five-coordinate) iron centres there may be enough flexibility to accommodate a particularly short Fe−Fe separation with intense pre-edge transition. This finding may broaden the scope of models considered for the structure of high-valent diiron intermediates formed upon O2 activation in biology.
Modified Lyth bound and implications of BICEP2 results
Creators: name: Gao, Qing
name: Gong, Yungui
name: Li, Tianjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To reconcile the BICEP2 measurement on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ with Planck constraint, a large negative running of scalar spectral index $n_s$ is needed. So the inflationary observable such as $n_s$ should be expanded at least to the second-order slow-roll parameters for single-field inflationary models. The large value of $r$ and the Lyth bound indicate that it is impossible to obtain the sub-Planckian excursion for the inflaton. However, we derive an absolutely minimal bound $Δϕ/M_{\rm Pl}>\sqrt{r/2}$ on the inflaton excursion for single-field inflationary models, which can be applied to non-slow-roll inflationary models as well. This bound excludes the possibility of the small-field inflation with $Δϕ<0.1 M_{\rm Pl}$ if the BICEP2 result on $r$ stands and it opens the window of sub-Planckian excursion with $Δϕ
description: v2: major revision, more discussion on the derivation of the modified Lyth bound is added,main conclusions remain unchanged. PRD in press
Preparation of geometrically highly controlled Ga particle arrays on quasi-planar nanostructured surfaces as a SCALMS model system
Creators: name: Hofer, André
name: Taccardi, Nicola
name: Moritz, Michael
name: Wichmann, Christoph
name: Hübner, Sabine
name: Drobek, Dominik
name: Engelhardt, Matthias
name: Papastavrou, Georg
name: Spiecker, Erdmann
name: Papp, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: model system
subject: supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions
subject: SCALMS
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: This study establishes a preparative route towards a model system for supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS) on nanostructured substrates. This model is characterized by a uniquely precise geometrical control of the gallium particle size distribution. In a SCALMS system, the Ga serves as a matrix material which can be decorated with a catalytically active material subsequently. The corresponding Ga containing precursor is spin-coated on aluminum based substrates, previously nanostructured by electrochemical anodization. The highly ordered substrates are functionalized with distinct oxide coatings by atomic layer deposition (ALD) independently from the morphology. After preparation of the metal particles on the oxide interface, the characterization of our model system in terms of its geometry parameters (droplet diameter, size distribution and population density) points to SiO2 as the best suited surface for a highly controlled geometry. This flexible model system can be functionalized with a dissolved noble metal catalyst for the application chosen.
Health effects of a ban on late-night alcohol sales
Creators: name: Bäuml, Matthias
name: Marcus, Jan
name: Siedler, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: alcohol control policies
subject: binge drinking
subject: difference-in-differences
subject: road casualties
subject: sales restrictions
subject: synthetic control
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper studies the impact of a ban on late-night off-premise alcohol sales between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. in Germany. We use three large administrative data sets: (i) German diagnosis related groups-Statistik, (ii) data from a large social health insurance, and (iii) Road Traffic Accident Statistics. Applying difference-in-differences and synthetic-control-group methods, we find that the ban had no effects on alcohol-related road casualties, but significantly reduced alcohol-related hospitalizations (doctor visits) among young people by around 9 (18) percent. The decrease is driven by fewer hospitalizations due to acute alcohol intoxication during the night—when the ban is in place—but not during the day.
Arithmetic of positive characteristic L-series values in Tate algebras
Creators: name: Angles, Bruno
name: Pellarin, Federico
name: Tavares-Ribeiro, Floric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The second author has recently introduced a new class of L-series in the arithmetic theory of function fields over finite fields. We show that the value at one of these L-series encode arithmetic informations of certain Drinfeld modules defined over Tate algebras. This enables us to generalize Anderson's log-algebraicity Theorem and Taelman's Herbrand-Ribet Theorem.
description: final version
MAdLand computational resources through Galaxy
Creators: name: Varshney, Deepti
name: Hiltemann, Saskia
name: Rensing, Stefan
name: Petroll, Romy
name: Grüning, Björn A.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

MAdLand (Molecular Adaptation to Land: Plant Evolution to Change) is a DFG-funded research consortium, dedicated to investigating the molecular mechanism behind water-to-land-transition (plant terrestrialization). Through collaborative efforts with NFDI4Plants (DATAplant), Galaxy, and de.NBI, we offer cutting-edge resources useful for research: MAdLandDB (GenomeZoo), TAPscan v4, and DataPLANT ARCs. 

MAdLandDB represents a comprehensive protein database accessible through the Galaxy web-based platform (https://usegalaxy.eu). Focusing on non-seed plants and streptophyte algae, it delivers non-redundant, reliable genome sequences by utilizing BLAST and Diamond search functionalities for comparative and evolutionary questions in plant biology. The database contains a collection of  21 million sequences, representing a diverse group of more than 600 species belonging to various lineages, e.g., fungi, animals, phylo-diverse algae, bacteria, and archaea. It is actively developed and maintained within the MAdLand framework. Additionally, we offer a guided tutorial within the Galaxy Training Network (GTN)  for performing sequence similarity search against the MAdLandDB. This training resource facilitates and enhances the user’s understanding of efficient navigation and analysis.

TAPscan v4, another cornerstone of MAdLand's resources, represents an advanced tool for genome-wide annotation of plant transcription-associated proteins (TAPs). These proteins, encompassing transcription factors (TFs) and transcriptional regulators (TRs), are crucial for understanding plant form, function development, and evolution. For v4 of TAPscan, we updated the web interface accessible at https://tapscan.plantcode.cup.uni-freiburg.de which enables an in-depth representation of the distribution of 138 TAP families (including 23 subfamilies) for all species housed within the MAdLandDB. Moreover, TAPscan v4 has also been integrated into the Galaxy, empowering users to analyze their datasets efficiently. 

Additionally, MAdLand is dedicated to its contribution to the DataPLANT Research Data Management (RDM) platform. This platform supports the generation of ARCs (Annotated Research Contexts), ensuring that all research data, including raw data and metadata, is encapsulated in a FAIR, open, and standardized format. ARCs are an RO-crate implementation and provide an easy-to-use way to re-analyze data generated by other labs, e.g. in Galaxy. Conversely, analyses performed in Galaxy can also be exported directly as RO-crates.
Lifting Bratteli Diagrams between Krajewski Diagrams: Spectral Triples, Spectral Actions, and $AF$ algebras
Creators: name: Masson, Thierry
name: Nieuviarts, Gaston
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a framework to construct sequences of spectral triples on top of an inductive sequence defining an $AF$-algebra. One aim of this paper is to lift arrows of a Bratteli diagram to arrows between Krajewski diagrams. The spectral actions defining Non-commutative Gauge Field Theories associated to two spectral triples related by these arrows are compared (tensored by a commutative spectral triple to put us in the context of Almost Commutative manifolds). This paper is a follow up of a previous one in which this program was defined and physically illustrated in the framework of the derivation-based differential calculus, but the present paper focuses more on the mathematical structure without trying to study the physical implications.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures, new version published in Journal of Geometry and Physics
Examining international leadership practices to promote a positive research culture in Higher Education Institutes
Creators: name: Lacey, Seán
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Integrity
Open Research
Leadership Practices
Research Culture
Higher Education Institutes

description: Abstract In Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) there is a growing emphasis on promoting good research practices in all aspects of research, from fundamental research to applied research to commercialisation. This study examines international leadership practices to promote a positive research culture in HEIs in terms of types of leadership models senior research leaders find are most effective, along with the practices they have found to be most impactful in leading change. The research design was constructed using semi-structured interviews with five senior research leaders. Countries that were members of the European Network of Research Integrity Offices (ENRIO), with HEIs that were members of the European Association of Research Management and Administration (EARMA) were used as part of the sample selection process. With the topic being under-researched, the examination was kept as a small-scale exploratory study using opportunistic and purposive sampling to recruit participants. Data analysis was carried out using NVivo. Findings from the research study showed that the overarching leadership style to promote a positive research culture within HEIs was collective, with adaptive and competent boundary spanning characteristics, along with cognisance of the need for continuous professional development. There was agreement among all participants that change in the research culture is occurring, and leaders need to adapt to these changes. Findings also outlined that in order for HEIs to be proactive as opposed to reactive to change, evidenced-based research in collaboration with the future users is essential, requiring support from management in resourcing the appropriate infrastructure and training. Furthermore, findings suggested that HEI values and principles need first to be agreed and then subsequently complemented by the necessary policies and training at the various levels within the HEI. Research integrity and open research were seen as integral components to promoting a positive research culture in HEIs.
An odd-frequency Cooper pair around a magnetic impurity
Creators: name: Suzuki, Shu-Ichiro
name: Sato, Takumi
name: Asano, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) state appears as a bound state of a quasiparticle at a magnetic atom embedded in a superconductor. We discuss why the YSR state has energy below the superconducting gap and why the pair potential changes the sign at the magnetic atom. Although a magnetic atom in a superconductor has been considered as a pair breaker since 1960s, we propose an alternative physical picture to explain these reasons. We show that a magnetic atom converts a spin-singlet s-wave Cooper pair into an odd-frequency pair rather than breaking it. The odd-frequency pairing correlations always coexist with the quasiparticle states below the gap. The YSR state is an example of such a subgap quasiparticle state. The paramagnetic property of an odd-frequency pair explains the sign change of the pair potential at a magnetic atom and the decrease of superconducting transition temperature in the presence of many magnetic impurities.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Identification of allosteric hotspots regulating the ribosomal RNA binding by antibiotic resistance-conferring Erm methyltransferases
Creators: name: Bhujbalrao, Ruchika
name: Gavvala, Krishna
name: Singh, Reman Kumar
name: Singh, Juhi
name: Boudier, Christian
name: Chakrabarti, Sutapa
name: Patwari, G. Naresh
name: Mély, Yves
name: Anand, Ruchi
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: antibiotic resistance
subject: allosteric crosstalk
subject: RNA methyltransferases
subject: ribosome
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Antibiotic resistance via epigenetic methylation of ribosomal RNA is one of the most prevalent strategies adopted by multidrug resistant pathogens. The erythromycin-resistance methyltransferase (Erm) methylates rRNA at the conserved A2058 position and imparts resistance to macrolides such as erythromycin. However, the precise mechanism adopted by Erm methyltransferases for locating the target base within a complicated rRNA scaffold remains unclear. Here, we show that a conserved RNA architecture, including specific bulge sites, present more than 15 Å from the reaction center, is key to methylation at the pathogenic site. Using a set of RNA sequences site-specifically labeled by fluorescent nucleotide surrogates, we show that base flipping is a prerequisite for effective methylation and that distal bases assist in the recognition and flipping at the reaction center. The Erm–RNA complex model revealed that intrinsically flipped-out bases in the RNA serve as a putative anchor point for the Erm. Molecular dynamic simulation studies demonstrated the RNA undergoes a substantial change in conformation to facilitate an effective protein–rRNA handshake. This study highlights the importance of unique architectural features exploited by RNA to impart fidelity to RNA methyltransferases via enabling allosteric crosstalk. Moreover, the distal trigger sites identified here serve as attractive hotspots for the development of combination drug therapy aimed at reversing resistance.
Effect of amodiaquine on gastric histamine methyltransferase and on histamine-stimulated gastric secretion
Creators: name: Barth, H.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Troidl, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Amodiaquine/pharmacology
subject: Animals
subject: Betazole/pharmacology
subject: Dogs
subject: Gastric Mucosa/secretion
subject: Histamine/pharmacology
subject: Histamine N-Methyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors
subject: Humans
subject: Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
subject: Stimulation, Chemical
subject: Stomach/enzymology
subject: Swine

description: 1 Amodiaquine was found to be a potent inhibitor in vitro of gastric histamine methyltransferase from human and canine corpus and from pig antrum. The ID50 for the enzyme, purified from pig antrum mucosa by ultracentrifugation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, was 2.5 muM. 2 In six dogs with Heidenhanin pouches the maximum secretory response to histamine (40 mug/kg i.m.) was augmented by i.m. injection of amodiaquine. The augmentation depended on the dose of amodiaquine, the optimum effect (40% increase in volume of gastric juice, 80% in acid output) being achieved with 2 mg/kg. The maximum secretory response to betazole was also enhanced by amodiaquine. 3 It was suggested that amodiaquine may enhance the histamine and betazole stimulated gastric secretion by an inhibition of gastric histamine methyltransferase in vivo.
Quantum variational learning for quantum error-correcting codes
Creators: name: Cao, Chenfeng
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Wu, Zipeng
name: Grassl, Markus
name: Zeng, Bei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum error correction is believed to be a necessity for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. In the past two decades, various constructions of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) have been developed, leading to many good code families. However, the majority of these codes are not suitable for near-term quantum devices. Here we present VarQEC, a noise-resilient variational quantum algorithm to search for quantum codes with a hardware-efficient encoding circuit. The cost functions are inspired by the most general and fundamental requirements of a QECC, the Knill-Laflamme conditions. Given the target noise channel (or the target code parameters) and the hardware connectivity graph, we optimize a shallow variational quantum circuit to prepare the basis states of an eligible code. In principle, VarQEC can find quantum codes for any error model, whether additive or non-additive, degenerate or non-degenerate, pure or impure. We have verified its effectiveness by (re)discovering some symmetric and asymmetric codes, e.g., $((n,2^{n-6},3))_2$ for $n$ from 7 to 14. We also found new $((6,2,3))_2$ and $((7,2,3))_2$ codes that are not equivalent to any stabilizer code, and extensive numerical evidence with VarQEC suggests that a $((7,3,3))_2$ code does not exist. Furthermore, we found many new channel-adaptive codes for error models involving nearest-neighbor correlated errors. Our work sheds new light on the understanding of QECC in general, which may also help to enhance near-term device performance with channel-adaptive error-correcting codes.
description: 34 pages, 14 figures
The 1-Jettiness DIS event shape: NNLL + NLO results
Creators: name: Kang, Zhong-Bo
name: Liu, Xiaohui
name: Mantry, Sonny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for the complete NNLL+NLO (~ α_s) 1-jettiness (τ_1) event shape distribution for single jet (J) production in electron-nucleus (N_A) collisions e^- + N_A \to e^- + J + X, in the deep inelastic scattering (DIS) region where the hard scale is set by the jet transverse momentum P_{J_T}. These results cover the entire τ_1-spectrum including the resummation (τ_1<
description: 37 pages, 9 figures, published version
EuroScienceGateway D2.1: Reproducible FAIR Digital Objects for Workflows
Creators: name: Soiland-Reyes, Stian
name: Chadwick, Eli
name: Bacall, Finn
name: Fernández, José M.
name: Grüning, Björn
name: Bayındır, Hakan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This EuroScienceGateway report gives an overview of FAIR Digital Objects (FDO), considering their use for computational workflows as scholarly objects. EuroScienceGateway has progressed the technologies Signposting and RO-Crate for implementing Workflow FDOs with the registry WorkflowHub and the workflow system Galaxy, and initiated work with academic publishers to encourage workflow citation practices.

Here we document how WorkflowHub supports research software best practices for workflows, and assist building FAIR Computational Workflows. Provenance of workflow executions has been made possible in an interoperable way across many workflow systems using Workflow Run Crate profiles, including from Galaxy. 

Finally this report explores how Workflow FDOs are exposed and can be utilised, e.g. gathered in knowledge graphs and having tighter workflow system integration.
Dynamic thromboembolic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after aggressive procoagulant treatment in hemorrhagic shock: a case report
Creators: name: Skrypnikov, Vladimir
name: Rosenthal, Christoph
name: Weber-Carstens, Steffen
name: Menk, Mario
name: Russ, Martin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hemorrhagic shock
subject: Dynamic LVOT obstruction
subject: SAM phenomenon
subject: Pro-coagulatory therapy
subject: Thrombotic complication
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: In cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve apparatus results in an obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which is known as the SAM [systolic anterior motion] phenomenon. Hypothetically, a pathological obstruction of the LVOT of a different etiology would result in a comparable hemodynamic instability, which would be refractory to inotrope therapy, and may be detectable through echocardiography. Case presentation: We observed a severely impaired left ventricular function due to a combination of a thrombotic LVOT obstruction and distinctive mitral regurgitation in a 56-year-old Caucasian, female patient after massive transfusion with aggressive procoagulant therapy. Initially, the patient had to be resuscitated due to cardiac arrest after a long-distance flight. The resuscitation attempts in combination with lysis therapy due to suspected pulmonary artery embolism were initially successful but resulted in traumatic liver injury, hemorrhagic shock and subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Oxygenation was stabilized with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), but the hemodynamic situation deteriorated further. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a massive, dynamic LVOT obstruction. Two thrombi were attached to the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, resulting in a predominantly systolic obstruction. Unfortunately, the patient died of multiple-organ failure despite another round of lysis therapy and escalation of the ECMO circuit to a veno-venoarterial cannulation for hemodynamic support. Conclusion: Massive transfusion with aggressive procoagulant therapy resulted in mitral valve leaflet thrombosis with dynamic, predominantly systolic LVOT obstruction, comparable to the SAM phenomenon. The pathology was only detectable with a TEE investigation.
von Willebrand Factor unfolding mediates platelet deposition in a model of high-shear thrombosis
Creators: name: Zhussupbekov, Mansur
name: Rojano, Rodrigo Mendez
name: Wu, Wei-Tao
name: Antaki, James F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thrombosis under high-shear conditions is mediated by the mechanosensitive blood glycoprotein von Willebrand Factor (vWF). vWF unfolds in response to strong flow gradients and facilitates rapid recruitment of platelets in flowing blood. While the thrombogenic effect of vWF is well recognized, its conformational response in complex flows has largely been omitted from numerical models of thrombosis. We recently presented a continuum model for the unfolding of vWF, where we represented vWF transport and its flow-induced conformational change using convection-diffusion-reaction equations. Here, we incorporate the vWF component into our multi-constituent model of thrombosis, where the local concentration of stretched vWF amplifies the deposition rate of free-flowing platelets and reduces the shear cleaning of deposited platelets. We validate the model using three benchmarks: in vitro model of atherothrombosis, a stagnation point flow, and the PFA-100, a clinical blood test commonly used for screening for von Willebrand Disease (vWD). The simulations reproduced the key aspects of vWF-mediated thrombosis observed in these experiments, such as the thrombus location, thrombus growth dynamics, and the effect of blocking platelet-vWF interactions. The PFA-100 simulations closely matched the reported occlusion times for normal blood and several hemostatic deficiencies, namely, thrombocytopenia, vWD Type 1, and vWD Type 3. Overall, the multi-constituent model of thrombosis presented in this work enables macro-scale 3-D simulations of thrombus formation in complex geometries over a wide range of shear rates and accounts for qualitative and quantitative hemostatic deficiencies in patient blood. The results also demonstrate the utility of the continuum model of vWF unfolding that could be adapted to other numerical models of thrombosis.
Histamine release after intravenous application of short-acting hypnotics. A comparison of etomidate, Althesin (CT1341) and propanidid
Creators: name: Doenicke, A.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Beigl, R.
name: Bezecny, H.
name: Uhlig, G.
name: Kalmar, L.
name: Praetorius, B.
name: Mann, G.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Apnea/etiology
subject: Atropine/pharmacology
subject: Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology
subject: Blood Pressure
subject: Castor Oil/pharmacology
subject: Depression, Chemical
subject: Drug Combinations
subject: Ethylene Oxide/pharmacology
subject: Heart Rate
subject: Histamine/blood
subject: Histamine Release/drug effects
subject: Humans
subject: Hydroxysteroids/pharmacology
subject: Hyperventilation/etiology
subject: Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology
subject: Imidazoles/pharmacology
subject: Injections, Intravenous
subject: Leukocytes/analysis
subject: Pregnanediones/pharmacology
subject: Propanidid/pharmacology
subject: Surface-Active Agents/pharmacology

description: The subject of histamine release was investigated in 16 volunteers by means of plasma histamine determination after the administration of etornidate, Althesin, propanidid, and Cremophor EL. Althesin and propanidid caused release of histamine in various degrees of frequency. Blood pressure changes were rather pronounced with both anaesthetic agents; tachycardia reached its maximum in the first and second minute, which seems to be an argument against histamine release as the underlying cause of this reaction. Histamine was, indeed, only released to such an extent (with the exception of one borderline case) that no clinical symptoms other than secretion of gastric juice and erythema were to be expected. After the application of etomidate and Cremophor EL an increase in plasma histamine was not detectable. Changes in the differential blood picture in terms of a decrease in basophils only occurred after Althesin and propanidid; not, however, after etomidate and Cremophor EL. Etomidate is, therefore, the first hypnotic drug for intravenous application which is unlikely to cause chemical histamine release.
Histamine release in human subjects by modified gelatin (Haemaccel) and dextran: an explanation for anaphylactoid reactions observed under clinical conditions?
Creators: name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Doenicke, A.
name: Messmer, K.
name: Reimann, H. J.
name: Thermann, M.
name: Lahn, W.
name: Berr, J.
name: Schmal, A.
name: Dormann, P.
name: Regenfuss, P.
name: Hamelmann, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adult
subject: Anaphylaxis/chemically induced
subject: Basophils
subject: Blood Pressure/drug effects
subject: Dextrans/toxicity
subject: Drug Hypersensitivity
subject: Female
subject: Gastric Juice/drug effects
subject: Granulocytes
subject: Heart Rate/drug effects
subject: Histamine/blood
subject: Histamine Release/drug effects
subject: Humans
subject: Leukocyte Count
subject: Male
subject: Polygeline/toxicity
subject: Polymers/toxicity

description: Histamine release by modified gelatin (Haemaccel) and dextran (Macrodex) has been demonstrated in volunteers by direct and indirect methods. In a pilot study of Haemaccel, histamine release was observed in six of seven volunteers. The highest plasma histamine concentration was 4.8 ng/ml, the lowest 1.7 ng/ml: two of the subjects showed slight allergic reactions. Using Haemaccel batch 2551, 10 out of 12 subjects reacted to the rapid infusion of Haemaccel with increased plasma histamine concentrations, whereas none reacted to Ringer's solution. None of the 10 subjects had an allergic reaction, but an increase in gastric secretion was observed in eight. Changes in the venous basophil granulocyte count were found in both those who reacted and those who did not react to Haemaccel. After the rapid infusion of dextran the highest plasma histamine concentration was 5.0 ng/ml, the lowest 1.3 ng/ml. The withdrawal of blood had no influence on plasma histamine concentration. The incidences of histamine release produced by Haemaccel varied with different batches. Thus, it seems unlikely that immunological mechanisms are principally responsible. Nine instances of allergic and anaphylactoid reactions to plasma substitutes have been reported, seven after Haemaccel infusion, and two after dextran administration. One of the patients who received dextran died. Histamine release was always associated with Haemaccel infusion and corresponded in extent to the clinical symptoms observed, but there was no significant histamine release associated with the reactions to dextran.
Towards a Stronger Theory for Permutation-based Evolutionary Algorithms
Creators: name: Doerr, Benjamin
name: Ghannane, Yassine
name: Brahim, Marouane Ibn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While the theoretical analysis of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) has made significant progress for pseudo-Boolean optimization problems in the last 25 years, only sporadic theoretical results exist on how EAs solve permutation-based problems. To overcome the lack of permutation-based benchmark problems, we propose a general way to transfer the classic pseudo-Boolean benchmarks into benchmarks defined on sets of permutations. We then conduct a rigorous runtime analysis of the permutation-based $(1+1)$ EA proposed by Scharnow, Tinnefeld, and Wegener (2004) on the analogues of the \textsc{LeadingOnes} and \textsc{Jump} benchmarks. The latter shows that, different from bit-strings, it is not only the Hamming distance that determines how difficult it is to mutate a permutation $σ$ into another one $τ$, but also the precise cycle structure of $στ^{-1}$. For this reason, we also regard the more symmetric scramble mutation operator. We observe that it not only leads to simpler proofs, but also reduces the runtime on jump functions with odd jump size by a factor of $Θ(n)$. Finally, we show that a heavy-tailed version of the scramble operator, as in the bit-string case, leads to a speed-up of order $m^{Θ(m)}$ on jump functions with jump size~$m$.%
description: Conference version with an appendix containing the proofs omitted for reasons of space
An Impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Biofield Energy Healing Based Herbomineral Formulation on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Mouse Splenocytes
Creators: name: Smith, Dennille Mellesia
Publisher: name: SMN - The ScienceMedia Network
Year: 2019
Subjects: Natural Sciences

description: Due to the increased popularity of herbomineral preparations in the healthcare sector, a new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated consisting of ashwagandha root extract and three minerals viz. zinc chloride, magnesium gluconate, and sodium selenate. The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) on the test formulation using murine splenocyte cells. The herbomineral formulation was divided into two parts; one defined as the control, while the other part was treated with the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment performed from a remote distance by twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers (The Trivedi Effect®) and defined as the Biofield Treated formulation. The splenocyte cells were exposed to test formulations at concentration from 0.00001053 to 10.53 µg/mL and were analyzed after 48 hours for cell viability using MTT assay. The expression of the cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and MIP-1α) was determined using ELISA assay. The cell viability data showed that all the tested concentration ranges were found to be safe with percentage cell viability at more than 80%. Further, TNF-α expression was significantly inhibited in the Biofield Treated test formulation group with respect to the vehicle control, while at 0.001053 and 0.1053 µg/mL, the expression was suppressed by 1.70% and 8.16%, respectively in the Biofield Treated test formulation compared to the untreated formulation. However, a significant immunosuppression was reported in IFN-γ expression at 0.00001053, 0.0001053, 0.01053, 0.1053, and 1.053 µg/mL by 12.63%, 2.31%, 8.31%, 9.15%, and 7.86%, respectively in the Biofield Treated test formulation compared with the untreated test formulation. The MIP-1α expression was inhibited by 8.31%, 21.53%, and 8.70% at 0.0001053, 0.01053, and 0.1053 µg/mL, respectively in the Biofield Treated formulation compared with the untreated test formulation. However, IL-1β expression was significantly suppressed by 19.72% at concentration 0.00001053 µg/mL in the Biofield Treated test formulation compared with the untreated test formulation. Thus, the down-regulation of tested cytokines and chemokines in the Biofield Energy Healing test formulation might be applicable for controlling acute and chronic inflammation in many clinical diseases. Overall, the results demonstrated that The Trivedi Effect®- Biofield Energy Healing (TEBEH) has the capacity to potentiate the immunomodulatory activity of the test formulation, which can be useful against autoimmune disorders. Biofield Treated Test formulation may also be useful in anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, stress management and in preventing immune-mediated tissue damage in organ transplants by improving overall health and quality of life.
Variational Ansatz for the Ground State of the Quantum Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Model
Creators: name: Schindler, Paul M.
name: Guaita, Tommaso
name: Shi, Tao
name: Demler, Eugene
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Glass transition
subject: Optimization problems
subject: Quantum entanglement
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We present an Ansatz for the ground states of the quantum Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, a paradigmatic model for quantum spin glasses. Our Ansatz, based on the concept of generalized coherent states, very well captures the fundamental aspects of the model, including the ground state energy and the position of the spin glass phase transition. It further enables us to study some previously unexplored features, such as the nonvanishing longitudinal field regime and the entanglement structure of the ground states. We find that the ground state entanglement can be captured by a simple ensemble of weighted graph states with normally distributed phase gates, leading to a volume law entanglement, contrasting with predictions based on entanglement monogamy.
BCS-BEC Crossover and Stability in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model with Diquark-Diquark Repulsion
Creators: name: Ferrer, Efrain J.
name: de la Incera, Vivian
name: Keith, Jason P.
name: Portillo, Israel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the equation of state (EoS) along the BCS-BEC crossover for a quark system described by a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with multi-fermion interactions. Together with attractive channels for particle-antiparticle ($\Gs$) and particle-particle ($\Gd$) interactions, a multi-fermion channel with coupling $λ$ that accounts for the diquark-diquark repulsion is also considered. The chiral and diquark condensates are found in the mean-field approximation for different values of the coupling constants. The parameter values where the BCS-BEC crossover can take place are found, and the EoS is used to identify the stability region where the BEC regime has positive pressure. We discuss how the particle density and the repulsive diquark-diquark interaction affect the stability window in the $\Gs-\Gd$ plane and find the profile of the pressure versus the density for various values of $λ$ and $\Gd$. The effects of $λ$ and $\Gd$ in the BCS-BEC crossover tend to compensate each other, allowing for a feasible region of densities where the crossover can occur with positive pressure. These results, although mainly qualitative, should serve as a preliminary step in the microscopic analysis required to determine the feasibility of the BCS-BEC crossover and its realization in more realistic models of dense QCD that can be relevant for applications to neutron stars.
description: Several changes throught the paper. New section addeed. Version published in NPA
Distributional regression for demand forecasting in e-grocery
Creators: name: Ulrich, Matthias
name: Jahnke, Hermann
name: Langrock, Roland
name: Pesch, Robert
name: Senge, Robin
Publisher: name: Bielefeld University, Department of Business Administration and Economics
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 330
subject: Forecasting
subject: Inventory
subject: E-commerce
subject: Retailing

description: E-grocery offers customers an alternative to traditional brick-and-mortar grocery retailing. Customers select e-grocery for convenience, making use of the home delivery at a selected time slot. In contrast to brick-and-mortar retailing, in e-grocery on-stock information for stock keeping units (SKUs) becomes transparent to the customer before substantial shopping effort has been invested, thus reducing the personal cost of switching to another supplier. As a consequence, compared to brick-and-mortar retailing, on-stock availability of SKUs has a strong impact on the customer’s order decision, resulting in higher strategic service level targets for the e-grocery retailer. To account for these high service level targets, we propose a suitable model for accurately predicting the extreme right tail of the demand distribution, rather than providing point forecasts of its mean. Specifically, we propose the application of distributional regression methods— so-called Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS)—to arrive at the cost-minimising solution according to the newsvendor model. As benchmark models we consider linear regression, quantile regression, and some popular methods from machine learning. The models are evaluated in a case study, where we compare their out-of-sample predictive performance with regard to the service level selected by the e-grocery retailer considered.
Histamine and peptic ulcer: a prospective study of mucosal histamine concentration in duodenal ulcer patients and in control subjects suffering from various gastrointestinal diseases
Creators: name: Troidl, H.
name: Lorenz, Wilfried
name: Rohde, H.
name: Häfner, G.
name: Ronzheimer, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Duodenal Ulcer/metabolism
subject: Gastric Mucosa/analysis
subject: Gastrointestinal Diseases/metabolism
subject: Histamine/analysis
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Prospective Studies

description: In a prospective study the histamine content of the mucosa of the body of the stomach was measured in 100 patients consisting of control subjects, patients with duodenal ulcer and patients suffering from various gastrointestinal diseases. The histamine content was found to be 43 mug/g in male control subjects (median) while in duodenal ulcer patients levels attained were significantly lower by about 30 per cent. In all the other groups of patients histamine concentrations in gastric mucosa were found to be "normal". Since in most species it is extremely diffcult to alter the mucosal histamine concentration by any form of treatment, the diminished histamine content of the gastric mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer seems remarkable. Among several possible explanations offered for this finding we think the most likely is that histamine release is increased in duodenal ulcer disease.