cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 IIIB Selected for Replication In Vivo Exhibits Increased Envelope Glycoproteins in Virions without Alteration in Coreceptor Usage: Separation of In Vivo Replication from Macrophage Tropism
Creators: name: Townsend, M.
name: Miller, E. D.
name: Reitz, M.
name: Su, L.
name: Duus, K. M.
name: Yi, Y.
name: Collman, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Analysis of viral replication and pathogenicity after in vivo selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) attenuated in vitro will help to define the functions involved in replication and pathogenesis in vivo. Using the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse and human fetal thymus organ culture as in vivo models, we previously defined HIV-1 env determinants (HXB2/LW) which were reverted for replication in vivo (L. Su et al., Virology 227:46–52, 1997). In this study, we examined the replication of four highly related HIV-1 clones directly derived from Lai/IIIB or after selection in vivo to investigate the envelope gp120 determinants associated with replication in macrophages and in the thymus models in vivo. The LW/C clone derived from the IIIB-infected laboratory worker and HXB2/LW both efficiently infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and the human thymus. Although the laboratory worker (LW) isolates showed altered tropism from IIIB, they still predominantly used CXCR4 as coreceptors for infecting peripheral blood mononuclear cells, macrophages, and the thymus. Interestingly, a single amino acid mutation in the V3 loop associated with resistance to neutralizing antibodies was also essential for the replication activity of the LW virus in the thymus models but not for its activity in infecting MDM. The LW virions were equally sensitive to a CXCR4 antagonist. We further demonstrated that the LW HIV-1 isolate selected in vivo produced more infectious viral particles that contained higher levels of the Env protein gp120. Thus, selection of the laboratory-attenuated Lai/IIIB isolate in vivo leads to altered tropism but not coreceptor usage of the virus. The acquired replication activity in vivo is correlated with an early A-to-T mutation in the V3 loop and increased virion association of HIV-1 Env gp120, but it is genetically separable from the acquired replication activity in macrophages.
Institutional arrangements regarding minimum wage setting in 195 countries
Creators: name: Tijdens, K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: Abstract: Most countries in the world have country-level policies concerning their minimum wage-fixing machinery. These policies vary widely, and therefore it becomes important to have adequate classifi­cations of these policies. This paper reviews databases that classify country-level policies for deter­mining minimum wages. Several databases - we found twelve - classify countries according to their minimum wage-fixing mechanisms and the coverage of these mechanisms. The mechanisms indicate whether the minimum wages are set by Law, by Collective Bargaining or any policy in between, the coverage indicates whether the minimum wages cover the entire dependent labour force or only one or more sections within the labour force.
 The aim of this paper is to generate a Minimum Wage Policies Database (MWPDB) from the merged dataset. Using a set of rules for generating data from the source databases, we indicate for almost half of the 195 countries the presence or absence of a statutory minimum wage for all five years from 2011 to 2015. For 16 countries no valid data is available for any year. Particularly for Europe and South America, MWPDB has satisfactory number of observations, whereas the opposite holds for the small islands in Oceania. The MWPDB results show that approximately nine in ten countries do apply a minimum wage policy, and that this is slightly increasing between 2011 to 2015.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Mediates Activation of Tap-2 by Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1
Creators: name: Zhang, L.
name: Pagano, J. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (Tap-2) is responsible for ATP-dependent transport of peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum, where peptides bind to newly synthesized human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, which are essential for cellular immune responses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) has been shown to induce the expression of Tap-2. In this study, the induction of endogenous Tap-2 by LMP-1 is shown to be associated with and requires the expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7). In DG75 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells, in which LMP-1 induces the expression of IRF-7, LMP-1 induced endogenous Tap-2, and ectopic expression of IRF-7 could enhance the induction. In Akata BL cells, in which LMP-1 could not induce IRF-7, LMP-1 could not induce Tap-2. Addition of IRF-7, which complements the defect in Akata cells, could stimulate the expression of Tap-2. Furthermore, LMP-1 and IRF-7A but not other IRF-7 splicing variants could activate endogenous Tap-2. A Tap-2 promoter reporter construct could be activated by the overexpression of IRF-7A. The activation could be specifically enhanced by LMP-1 and was dependent on an intact interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) present in the Tap-2 promoter. Also, IRF-7 can bind to the Tap-2 promoter under physiological conditions in vivo, as shown by formaldehyde cross-linking, as well as to the Tap-2 ISRE in vitro, as shown by gel mobility shift assays. Furthermore, LMP-1 facilitates the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-7. These data point to the role of IRF-7 as a secondary mediator of LMP-1-activated signal transduction for Tap-2 as follows: LMP-1 stimulates the expression of IRF-7 and facilitates its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and then the activated IRF-7 mediates the activation of the cellular Tap-2 gene. The induction of Tap-2 by IRF-7 and LMP-1 may have an important implication for the immune response to EBV and its persistence in vivo.
Slepton pair production in association with a jet: NLO-QCD corrections and parton-shower effects
Creators: name: Jager, Barbara
name: von Manteuffel, Andreas
name: Thier, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to slepton pair production in association with a jet at the LHC together with their implementation in the POWHEG BOX. For the simulation of parton-shower effects and the decays of the sleptons we employ the multi-purpose Monte-Carlo program PYTHIA. We discuss the impact of next-to-leading order QCD corrections on experimentally accessible distributions and illustrate how the parton shower can modify observables that are sensitive to QCD radiation effects. Having full control on the hard jet in the process, we provide precise predictions also for monojet analyses.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Intracellular Signaling Molecules Activated by Epstein-Barr Virus for Induction of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7
Creators: name: Zhang, L.
name: Hong, K.
name: Pagano, J. S.
name: Wu, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is the principal oncogenic protein in the EBV transformation process. LMP-1 induces the expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) and activates IRF-7 protein by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. LMP-1 is an integral membrane protein with two regions in its C terminus that initiate signaling processes, the C-terminal activator regions 1 (CTAR-1) and CTAR-2. Here, genetic analysis of LMP-1 has determined that the PXQXT motif that governs the interaction between LMP-1 CTAR-1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) is needed to induce the expression of IRF-7. Mutations in the PXQXT motif in CTAR-1 that disrupt the interaction between LMP-1 and TRAFs abolished the induction of IRF-7. Also, dominant-negative mutants of TRAFs inhibited the induction of IRF-7 by CTAR-1. The last three amino acids (YYD) of CTAR-2 are also important for the induction of IRF-7. When both PXQXT and YYD were mutated (LMP-DM), the LMP-1 mutant failed to induce IRF-7. Also, LMP-DM blocked the induction of IRF-7 by wild-type LMP-1. These data strongly suggest that both CTAR-1 and CTAR-2 of LMP-1 independently induce the expression of IRF-7. In addition, NF-κB is involved in the induction of IRF-7. A superrepressor of IκB (sr-IκB) could block the induction of IRF-7 by LMP-1, and overexpression of NF-κB (p65 plus p50) could induce the expression of IRF-7. In addition, we have found that human IRF-7 is a stable protein, and sodium butyrate, a modifier of chromatin structure, induces IRF-7.
Macrophage Tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from Brain and Lymphoid Tissues Predicts Neurotropism Independent of Coreceptor Specificity
Creators: name: Swanstrom, R.
name: De Clercq, E.
name: Bristol, G.
name: Bannert, N.
name: Zack, J. A.
name: Wolinsky, S. M.
name: Birch, C. J.
name: Crawford, K.
name: Gorry, P. R.
name: Schols, D.
name: Gabuzda, D.
name: Bell, J. E.
name: Ritola, K.
name: Wang, H.
name: Kunstman, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The viral determinants that underlie human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neurotropism are unknown, due in part to limited studies on viruses isolated from brain. Previous studies suggest that brain-derived viruses are macrophage tropic (M-tropic) and principally use CCR5 for virus entry. To better understand HIV-1 neurotropism, we isolated primary viruses from autopsy brain, cerebral spinal fluid, blood, spleen, and lymph node samples from AIDS patients with dementia and HIV-1 encephalitis. Isolates were characterized to determine coreceptor usage and replication capacity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and microglia. Env V1/V2 and V3 heteroduplex tracking assay and sequence analyses were performed to characterize distinct variants in viral quasispecies. Viruses isolated from brain, which consisted of variants that were distinct from those in lymphoid tissues, used CCR5 (R5), CXCR4 (X4), or both coreceptors (R5X4). Minor usage of CCR2b, CCR3, CCR8, and Apj was also observed. Primary brain and lymphoid isolates that replicated to high levels in MDM showed a similar capacity to replicate in microglia. Six of 11 R5 isolates that replicated efficiently in PBMC could not replicate in MDM or microglia due to a block in virus entry. CD4 overexpression in microglia transduced with retroviral vectors had no effect on the restricted replication of these virus strains. Furthermore, infection of transfected cells expressing different amounts of CD4 or CCR5 with M-tropic and non-M-tropic R5 isolates revealed a similar dependence on CD4 and CCR5 levels for entry, suggesting that the entry block was not due to low levels of either receptor. Studies using TAK-779 and AMD3100 showed that two highly M-tropic isolates entered microglia primarily via CXCR4. These results suggest that HIV-1 tropism for macrophages and microglia is restricted at the entry level by a mechanism independent of coreceptor specificity. These findings provide evidence that M-tropism rather than CCR5 usage predicts HIV-1 neurotropism.
Galaxy motions in the Bootes strip
Creators: name: Karachentsev, Igor D.
name: Karachentseva, Valentina E.
name: Nasonova, Olga G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the structure and kinematics of a dispersed filament of galaxies residing between the Local Void and the Virgo cluster. For such purpose, we consider a sample of 361 galaxies with radial velocities $V_{LG} < 2000$ km/s inside the sky area of RA = [13.0 ... 18.0]$^h$ and Dec. = [$-$5 ... $+$10]$^\circ$. At present, 161 of them have individual distance estimates. The galaxy distribution on peculiar velocities along the strip exhibits the known Virgo-centric infall at RA < 14$^h$ and some signs of outflow from the Local Void at RA > 17$^h$. Majority of the Bootes strip galaxies (56%) belong to 13 groups and 11 pairs, with the most prominent group around NGC5846. The Bootes strip groups reside within [17$-$27]Mpc, being all farther from us than the Virgo cluster. The Bootes filament contains the total stellar mass of $2.7\times10^{12} M_\odot$ and the total virial mass of $9.07\times10^{13} M_\odot$, having the average density of dark matter to be $Ω_m = 0.09$, i.e. a factor three lower than the global cosmic average.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Accepted by Astrofizika
PE2 Cleavage Mutants of Sindbis Virus: Correlation between Viral Infectivity and pH-Dependent Membrane Fusion Activation of the Spike Heterodimer
Creators: name: Wilschut, J.
name: Smit, J. M.
name: Ryman, K. D.
name: Klimstra, W. B.
name: Bittman, R.
name: Johnston, R. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The spike glycoprotein E2 of Sindbis virus (SIN) is synthesized in the infected cell as a PE2 precursor protein, which matures through cleavage by a cellular furin-like protease. Previous work has shown that SIN mutants impaired in PE2 cleavage are noninfectious on BHK-21 cells, the block in infection being localized at a step after virus-receptor interaction but prior to RNA replication. Here, we studied the membrane fusion properties of SIN PE2 cleavage mutants and observed that these viruses are impaired in their ability to form an E1 homotrimer and to fuse with liposomes at a mildly acidic pH. The block in spike rearrangement and fusion could be overridden by exposure of the mutant viruses to very low pH (
BIOCIDALS WITH EFFECTIVENESS TO ERADICATE PATHOGENIC γ-PROTEOBACTERIA BIOFILMS FROM AQUACULTURE FACILITIES
Creators: name: Felix, Acosta
name: Marisol, Izquierdo
name: Monzón-Atienza Luis
name: Bravo Jimena
name: Torrecillas Silvia
name: Daniel, Montero
name: Jorge, Galindo-Villegas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Microbiology, Biofilms, biocidals, fish

description: Aquaculture is a growing industry where facilities require robust strategies to help prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Using effective biocides as disinfectants in biosecurity plans is essential to implement a comprehensive safety program. Although the majority of high-level commercial biocides acting effectively on the free-living planktonic pathogens seldom are also helpful on the more complex biofilm structures. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial time-efficacy of three disinfectant biocides, Virkon™Aquatic (VirA), peracetic acid (PerA), and hydrogen peroxide (HydP) upon Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida against their both living strategies. By using the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations sufficient on the free-living planktonic state (MIC; MBC) and biofilms (MBIC; MBEC), we determined in vitro the susceptibility of each bacterial strain against three different individual concentrations of VirA, PerA, and HydP were added at 1, 5, and 10 minutes intervals. We found that PerA and VirA had the highest bactericidal efficacies against all bacteria' free-living planktonic state and biofilm. Kinetically, PerA achieved a significantly quicker positive result in both cases and did not vary among strains, while the weakest HydP required longer than 10 min to act effectively. Besides, we conducted a short in vivo safety trial using juvenile Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Disinfectants were poured each at the suggested MIC in the water of triplicate tanks per group holding fish. Mortality started as early as 12 h post-addition in the VirA group, while PerA and HydP did it so much later. Whatever the case, all groups achieved no more than 50% mortality after 24 h, showing the affordable risk these disinfectants possess for fish. Together, our results strongly support the use of biocides as disinfectants in aquaculture facilities and highlight PerA as the most effective fighting against biofilms produced by V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and P. damselae subsp. piscicida.
description: {"references": ["doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736004"]}
Adding child care policies in EUROMOD
Creators: name: Hufkens, T.
name: Verbist, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: Abstract: In this report we document the expansion of EUROMOD with child care policies in a selection of EU countries. Child care policies have become increasingly important over the past years, especially to help families reconciling work life with their responsibilities of raising children. The rising partici­pation of women in the labour market urged welfare states to develop and expand child care policies. Concrete child care targets for European countries were set at the Barcelona Summit of 2002. Several countries reformed or expanded their child care policies in the last decade. There are, however, still substantial differences across EU countries in terms of type and coverage of child care policies. To enhance research possibilities with respect to the distributional impact and work incentives of child care provisions, we expand EUROMOD with child care policies.
 We have extended EUROMOD by calculating the parental fees for formal child care and other possibly related measures such as the tax treatment of these fees. In this note we describe for each country the child care policies in a selection of European welfare states and discuss the assumptions needed for implementation in EUROMOD. The selected countries are Germany, Finland, Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden.
Pocket Protein p130/Rb2 Is Required for Efficient Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Gene Expression and Viral Replication
Creators: name: Ehmann, G. L.
name: Burnett, H. A.
name: Bachenheimer, S. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We have reported previously that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection disrupts normal progression of the mammalian cell cycle, causing cells to enter a G1-like state. Infected cells were characterized by a decline in cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activities, loss of hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), accumulation of E2F-pocket protein complexes, and failure to initiate cellular DNA replication. In the present study, we investigated the role of the pocket proteins pRb, p107, and p130 in HSV-1-dependent cell cycle inhibition and cyclin kinase regulation by infecting murine 3T3 cells derived from wild-type (WT) mouse embryos or embryos with deletions of pRb (pRb−/−), p107 (p107−/−), p130 (p130−/−), or both p130 and p107 (p130−/−/p107−/−). With respect to CDK2 inhibition, viral protein accumulation, viral DNA replication, and progeny virus yield, WT, pRb−/−, and p107−/− cells were essentially identical. In contrast, after infection of p130−/− cells, we observed no inhibition of CDK2 activity, a 5- to 6-h delay in accumulation of viral proteins, an impaired ability to form viral DNA replication compartments, and reduced viral DNA synthesis. As a result, progeny virus yield was reduced 2 logs compared to that in WT cells. Notably, p130−/−/p107−/− double-knockout cells had a virus replication phenotype intermediate between those of the p107−/− and p130−/− cells. We conclude from these studies that p130 is a key factor in regulating aspects of cell cycle progression, as well as the timely expression of viral genes and replication of viral DNA.
Proteolytic Processing of the P2/Nucleocapsid Cleavage Site Is Critical for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Dimer Maturation
Creators: name: Mak, J.
name: Shehu-Xhilaga, M.
name: Marshall, J. A.
name: Crowe, S. M.
name: Lee, J. Y.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Pettit, S.
name: Kraeusslich, H. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Differences in virion RNA dimer stability between mature and protease-defective (immature) forms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suggest that maturation of the viral RNA dimer is regulated by the proteolytic processing of the HIV-1 Gag and Gag-Pol precursor proteins. However, the proteolytic processing of these proteins occurs in several steps denoted primary, secondary, and tertiary cleavage events and, to date, the processing step associated with formation of stable HIV-1 RNA dimers has not been identified. We show here that a mutation in the primary cleavage site (p2/nucleocapsid [NC]) hinders formation of stable virion RNA dimers, while dimer stability is unaffected by mutations in the secondary (matrix/capsid [CA], p1/p6) or a tertiary cleavage site (CA/p2). By introducing mutations in a shared cleavage site of either Gag or Gag-Pol, we also show that the cleavage of the p2/NC site in Gag is more important for dimer formation and stability than p2/NC cleavage in Gag-Pol. Electron microscopy analysis of viral particles shows that mutations in the primary cleavage site in Gag but not in Gag-Pol inhibit viral particle maturation. We conclude that virion RNA dimer maturation is dependent on proteolytic processing of the primary cleavage site and is associated with virion core formation.
On the convergence to equilibrium of unbounded observables under a family of intermittent interval maps
Creators: name: Kautzsch, Johannes
name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
name: Samuel, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A40, 37A25, 37A50, 60K05

description: We consider a family $\{ T_{r} \colon [0, 1] \circlearrowleft \}_{r \in [0, 1]}$ of Markov interval maps interpolating between the Tent map $T_{0}$ and the Farey map $T_{1}$. Letting $\mathcal{P}_{r}$ denote the Perron-Frobenius operator of $T_{r}$, we show, for $β\in [0, 1]$ and $α\in (0, 1)$, that the asymptotic behaviour of the iterates of $\mathcal{P}_{r}$ applied to observables with a singularity at $β$ of order $α$ is dependent on the structure of the $ω$-limit set of $β$ with respect to $T_{r}$. Having a singularity it seems that such observables do not fall into any of the function classes on which convergence to equilibrium has been previously shown.
Role of Alpha/Beta Interferon in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Pathogenesis: Effect of an Attenuating Mutation in the 5' Untranslated Region
Creators: name: White, L. J.
name: Wang, J.-g.
name: Davis, N. L.
name: Johnston, R. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) is an important equine and human pathogen of the Americas. In the adult mouse model, cDNA-derived, virulent V3000 inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) causes high-titer peripheral replication followed by neuroinvasion and lethal encephalitis. A single change (G to A) at nucleotide 3 (nt 3) of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the V3000 genome resulted in a virus (V3043) that was avirulent in mice. The mechanism of attenuation by the V3043 mutation was studied in vivo and in vitro. Kinetic studies of virus spread in adult mice following s.c. inoculation showed that V3043 replication was reduced in peripheral organs compared to that of V3000, titers in serum also were lower, and V3043 was cleared more rapidly from the periphery than V3000. Because clearance of V3043 from serum began 1 to 2 days prior to clearance of V3000, we examined the involvement of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) activity in VEE pathogenesis. In IFN-α/βR−/− mice, the course of the wild-type disease was extremely rapid, with all animals dying within 48 h (average survival time of 30 h compared to 7.7 days in the wild-type mice). The mutant V3043 was as virulent as the wild type (100% mortality, average survival time of 30 h). Virus titers in serum, peripheral organs, and the brain were similar in V3000- and V3043-infected IFN-α/βR−/− mice at all time points up until the death of the animals. Consistent with the in vivo data, the mutant virus exhibited reduced growth in vitro in several cell types except in cells that lacked a functional IFN-α/β pathway. In cells derived from IFN-α/βR−/− mice, the mutant virus showed no growth disadvantage compared to the wild-type virus, suggesting that IFN-α/β plays a major role in the attenuation of V3043 compared to V3000. There were no differences in the induction of IFN-α/β between V3000 and V3043, but the mutant virus was more sensitive than V3000 to the antiviral actions of IFN-α/β in two separate in vitro assays, suggesting that the increased sensitivity to IFN-α/β plays a major role in the in vivo attenuation of V3043.
Classical Interaction of a Magnet and a Point Charge: The Shockley-James Paradox
Creators: name: Boyer, Timothy H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is pointed out that Coleman and Van Vleck make a major blunder in their discussion of the Shockly-James paradox by designating relativistic hidden mechanical momentum as the basis for resolution of the paradox. This blunder has had a wide influence in the current physics literature, including erroneous work on the Shockley-James paradox, on Mansuripur's paradox, on the motion of a magnetic moment, on the Aharonov-Bohm phase shift, and on the Aharonov-Casher phase shift. Although hidden mechanical momentum is indeed dominant for non-interacting particles moving in a closed orbit under the influence of an external electric field, the attention directed toward hidden mechanical momentum represents a fundamental misunderstanding of the classical electromagnetic interaction between a multiparticle magnet and an external point charge. In the interacting multiparticle situation, the external charge induces an electrostatic polarization of the magnet which leads to an internal electromagnetic momentum in the magnet where both the electric and magnetic fields for the momentum are contributed by the magnet particles. This internal electromagnetic momentum for the interacting multiparticle situation is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction compared to the familiar external electromagnetic momentum where the electric field is contributed by the external charged particle and the magnetic field is that due to the magnet. In the present article, the momentum balance of the Shockley-James situation for a system of a magnet and a point charge is calculated in detail for a magnet model consisting of two interacting point charges which are constrained to move in a circular orbit on a frictionless ring with a compensating negative charge at the center.
description: 25 pages
Comprehensive indicators for the analysis of out-of-work benefits. Introducing the out-of-work benefits dataset
Creators: name: Doctrinal, L.
name: Nelson, K.
name: Sirén, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: Abstract: In this InGRID deliverable we develop a new approach to the measurement of income replacement in out-of-work benefits. We present the Out-of-Work Benefits (OUTWB) dataset, which is part of the SPIN database at the Swedish institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University. The OUTWB dataset includes new synthesised measures on overall net replacement rates and progres­siveness of income replacement in out-of-work benefits. Our synthesised measures of income replacement are based on data from the OECD Benefits and Wages project.
KneeIAT: Protocol for the development and evaluation of an Implicit Association Test
Creators: name: Braithwaite, Felicity A
name: Stanton, Tasha
name: Lipp, Ottmar V.
name: Pulling, Brian Wright
name: JP Caneiro
name: Mignone, Jo
name: Butler, David
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pain Management
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Implicit Association
subject: Osteoarthritis
subject: Implicit Bias

description: This protocol outlines the development and testing of an IAT (KneeIAT) about the safety/danger of knee related movement in two populations: people with painful knee osteoarthritis, and people without lower extremity pain.
HHoT: a new flexible Hypothetical Household Tool for tax-benefit simulations in EUROMOD
Creators: name: Hufkens, T.
name: Leventi, C.
name: Rastrigina, O.
name: Manios, K.
name: Van Mechelen, N.
name: Verbist, G.
name: Sutherland, H.
name: Goedemé, T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Abstract: In this paper we present a new state-of-the-art tool for tax-benefit hypothetical household simulations in EUROMOD. The Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT), allows the user to specify in a user-friendly, and very flexible environment the relevant parameters to examine tax liabilities and benefit entitlements for a wide range of hypothetical household types. Subsequently, the European microsimulation model EUROMOD calculates tax liabilities and benefit entitlements. Results can be easily used to illustrate and better understand how tax-benefit systems work and how social and fiscal policies interact. Furthermore, results can also be used for constructing (comparative) policy indicators, for instance with regard to benefit adequacy, financial work incentives, and implicit equivalence scales. An important strength of this tool is that it allows for microsimulations and hypothetical household simulations within a single, validated and comparative framework (EUROMOD). In this paper, we first explain the main characteristics of HHoT and how it works in practice. Subsequently, we present the first results of a validation study, in which we compare the results of HHoT with those of the OECD Tax-Benefit calculator and the CSB Minimum Income Protection Indicator dataset (CSB-MIPI). This comparison shows that at the level of disposable household incomes outcomes generally converge, but that for individual policies more divergence exists. We provide some first indications of where differences are largest, and explain why direct comparisons of the three sources of information are not straightforward.
The physics of articulated toys - a jumping and rotating kangaroo
Creators: name: Güémez, J.
name: Fiolhais, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the physics of an articulated toy with an internal source of energy provided by a spiral spring. The toy is a funny low cost kangaroo which jumps and rotates. The study consists of a mechanical and a thermodynamical analysis which makes use of the Newton and center of mass equations, the rotational equations and the first law of thermodynamics. This amazing toy provides a nice demonstrative example how new physics insights can be brought about when links with thermodynamics are established in the study of mechanical systems.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Instability and network effects in innovative markets
Creators: name: Sgrignoli, Paolo
name: Agliari, Elena
name: Burioni, Raffaella
name: Schianchi, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider a network of interacting agents and we model the process of choice on the adoption of a given innovative product by means of statistical-mechanics tools. The modelization allows us to focus on the effects of direct interactions among agents in establishing the success or failure of the product itself. Mimicking real systems, the whole population is divided into two sub-communities called, respectively, Innovators and Followers, where the former are assumed to display more influence power. We study in detail and via numerical simulations on a random graph two different scenarios: no-feedback interaction, where innovators are cohesive and not sensitively affected by the remaining population, and feedback interaction, where the influence of followers on innovators is non negligible. The outcomes are markedly different: in the former case, which corresponds to the creation of a niche in the market, Innovators are able to drive and polarize the whole market. In the latter case the behavior of the market cannot be definitely predicted and become unstable. In both cases we highlight the emergence of collective phenomena and we show how the final outcome, in terms of the number of buyers, is affected by the concentration of innovators and by the interaction strengths among agents.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures. 7th workshop on "Dynamic Models in Economics and Finance" - MDEF2012 (COST Action IS1104), Urbino (2012)
On the global visibility of a singularity in spherically symmetric gravitational collapse
Creators: name: Jhingan, Sanjay
name: Kaushik, Sahal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric Lemaître - Tolman - Bondi (LTB) dust models. A sufficient condition for global visibility of singularity is given. This condition also allows us to extend the condition of local visibility to mass functions which are not Taylor expandable near the centre.
description: 8 pages, 4 pdf figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Periodic solutions of autonomous systems under discretization
Creators: name: Bobylev, Nikolai A.
name: Kloeden, Peter E.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: autonomous ordinary differential equation
subject: periodic solution
subject: non-zero topological index
subject: Hausdorff metric
subject: 47H11
subject: 47H30

description: The existence of a sequence of periodic trajectories of a general one-step numerical scheme corresponding to a null sequence of constant time-steps is established under the assumption that the autonomous ordinary differential equation has an isolated periodic solution with non-zero topological index. The convergence of the linearly interpolated numerical curve to the original invariant curve with respect to the Hausdorff metric is also shown.
Science Software on Demand
Creators: name: Bruno, Riccardo
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Science Software on Demand
Science Gateway
FutureGateway
FutureGateway Framework
DCI
Distributed Computing infrastructures

description: Presentation of the Science Software on Demand service at the EGI 2020 Conference. A complete description of the involved components and the summary of almost three years of activities have been presented.
Separation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication from nef-Mediated Pathogenesis in the Human Thymus
Creators: name: Kovalev, G. I.
name: Su, L.
name: Miller, E. D.
name: Duus, K. M.
name: Smith, J. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is frequently attenuated after long-term culture in vitro. The attenuation process probably involves mutations of functions required for replication and pathogenicity in vivo. Analysis of attenuated HIV-1 for replication and pathogenicity in vivo will help to define these functions. In this study, we examined the pathogenicity of an attenuated HIV-1 isolate in a laboratory worker accidentally exposed to a laboratory-adapted HIV-1 isolate. Using heterochimeric SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice as an in vivo model, we previously defined HIV-1 env determinants (HXB/LW) that reverted to replicate in vivo (L. Su, H. Kaneshima, M. L. Bonyhadi, R. Lee, J. Auten, A. Wolf, B. Du, L. Rabin, B. H. Hahn, E. Terwilliger, and J. M. McCune, Virology 227:46–52, 1997). Here we further demonstrate that HIV-1 replication in vivo can be separated from its pathogenic activity, in that the HXB/LW virus replicated to high levels in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice, with no significant thymocyte depletion. Restoration of the nef gene in the recombinant HXB/LW genome restored its pathogenic activity, with no significant effect on HIV-1 replication in the thymus. Our results suggest that in vitro-attenuated HIV-1 lacks determinants for pathogenicity as well as for replication in vivo. Our data indicate that (i) the replication defect can be recovered in vivo by mutations in the env gene, without an associated pathogenic phenotype, and (ii) nef can function in the HXB/LW clone as a pathogenic factor that does not enhance HIV-1 replication in the thymus. Furthermore, the HXB/LW virus may be used to study mechanisms of HIV-1 nef-mediated pathogenesis in vivo.
Precise Atmospheric Parameters for the Shortest Period Binary White Dwarfs: Gravitational Waves, Metals, and Pulsations
Creators: name: Gianninas, A.
name: Dufour, P.
name: Kilic, Mukremin
name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Bergeron, P.
name: Hermes, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed spectroscopic analysis of 61 low mass white dwarfs and provide precise atmospheric parameters, masses, and updated binary system parameters based on our new model atmosphere grids and the most recent evolutionary model calculations. For the first time, we measure systematic abundances of He, Ca and Mg for metal-rich extremely low mass white dwarfs and examine the distribution of these abundances as a function of effective temperature and mass. Based on our preliminary results, we discuss the possibility that shell flashes may be responsible for the presence of the observed He and metals. We compare stellar radii derived from our spectroscopic analysis to model-independent measurements and find good agreement except for those white dwarfs with Teff < 10,000 K. We also calculate the expected gravitational wave strain for each system and discuss their significance to the eLISA space-borne gravitational wave observatory. Finally, we provide an update on the instability strip of extremely low mass white dwarf pulsators.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Real-World Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Extensive-Stage SCLC Treated With First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy
Creators: name: Wang, Y
name: Mathai, J
name: Alamgeer, M
name: Parakh, Sagun
name: Paul, E
name: Mitchell, P
name: Arulananda, S
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420202
subject: Disease surveillance
classificationCode: 321105
subject: Chemotherapy

description: Introduction: There are no clinically validated prognostic biomarkers in the management of extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). We explored the association between clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in patients with ES-SCLC treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with ES-SCLC treated with first-line platinum-etoposide chemotherapy and atezolizumab were identified from medical records. Pretreatment clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, and tumor and treatment characteristics were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate treatment effect on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: We evaluated 75 patients in total. The median PFS and OS were 6.1 months and 9.2 months, respectively. Statistically significant associations were found with lower lactate dehydrogenase and improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.01, p = 0.006), whereas higher age (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98, p = 0.006) and lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14, p = 0.005) were associated with improved PFS. The number of chemotherapy cycles received were associated with both an improved PFS (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37–0.89, p = 0.011) and OS (HR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.30–0.84, p = 0.008). Conclusions: This study highlights the important effect of chemotherapy on survival. Furthermore, the association between lactate dehydrogenase and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on survival further suggests that baseline tumor burden and optimizing sarcopenia are important factors for clinicians to consider as we seek to develop personalized treatment for this disease.
Adaptation of Alphaviruses to Heparan Sulfate: Interaction of Sindbis and Semliki Forest Viruses with Liposomes Containing Lipid-Conjugated Heparin
Creators: name: Klimstra, W. B.
name: Wilschut, J.
name: Kimata, K.
name: Smit, J. M.
name: Waarts, B.-L.
name: Bittman, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Passage of Sindbis virus (SIN) in BHK-21 cells has been shown to select for virus mutants with high affinity for the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS). Three loci in the viral spike protein E2 (E2:1, E2:70, and E2:114) have been identified that mutate during adaptation and independently confer on the virus the ability to bind to cell surface HS (W. B. Klimstra, K. D. Ryman, and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 72:7357-7366, 1998). In this study, we used HS-adapted SIN mutants to evaluate a new model system involving target liposomes containing lipid-conjugated heparin (HepPE) as an HS receptor analog for the virus. HS-adapted SIN, but not nonadapted wild-type SIN TR339, interacted efficiently with HepPE-containing liposomes at neutral pH. Binding was competitively inhibited by soluble heparin. Despite the efficient binding of HS-adapted SIN to HepPE-containing liposomes at neutral pH, there was no fusion under these conditions. Fusion did occur, however, at low pH, consistent with cellular entry of the virus via acidic endosomes. At low pH, wild-type or HS-adapted SIN underwent fusion with liposomes with or without HepPE with similar kinetics, suggesting that interaction with the HS receptor analog at neutral pH has little influence on subsequent fusion of SIN at low pH. Finally, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), passaged frequently on BHK-21 cells, also interacted efficiently with HepPE-containing liposomes, indicating that SFV, like other alphaviruses, readily adapts to cell surface HS. In conclusion, the liposomal model system presented in this paper may serve as a novel tool for the study of receptor interactions and membrane fusion properties of HS-interacting enveloped viruses.
Binding of Norwalk Virus-Like Particles to ABH Histo-Blood Group Antigens Is Blocked by Antisera from Infected Human Volunteers or Experimentally Vaccinated Mice
Creators: name: Baric, R. S.
name: Moe, C. L.
name: Lindesmith, L.
name: Harrington, P. R.
name: Yount, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Attachment of Norwalk (NV), Snow Mountain (SMV), and Hawaii (HV) virus-like particles (VLPs) to specific ABH histo-blood group antigens was investigated by using human saliva and synthetic biotinylated carbohydrates. The three distinct Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) have various capacities for binding ABH histo-blood group antigens, suggesting that different mechanisms for NLV attachment likely exist. Importantly, antisera from NV-infected human volunteers, as well as from mice inoculated with packaged Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons expressing NV VLPs, blocked the ability of NV VLPs to bind synthetic H type 1, Leb, and H type 3, suggesting a potential mechanism for antibody-mediated neutralization of NV.
Ubi iura deique? Saggio di commento a Stat. Theb. 11, 315-519
Creators: name: Colacicco, Antonella
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: L-FIL-LET/04 LINGUA E LETTERATURA LATINA
subject: Stazio
subject: Tebaide
subject: Duello

description: 2012-2013
description: The project arose from the need to update the commentary on the XI book of the Thebaid, edited by Paola Venini in 1970, in the light of the new trends of Statian studies. The section of the book (vv. 315-579) has a peculiarity that would justify the selection, because it consists of five independent scenes, a climax that prepares the last one: the duel between Eteocles and Polynices. In the main part of the work there are the information required in traditional commentary, according to the most recent settings; on the other hand, the introduction analyzes individual scenes more widely, in relation to the problems of the poem and the greek-latin tradition. [edited by Author]
description: Il progetto nasce dalla necessità di aggiornare il commento al libro XI della Tebaide, pubblicato da Paola Venini nel 1970, alla luce delle nuove tendenze della critica staziana. La sezione oggetto del lavoro (vv. 315-579) ha una peculiarità tale da giustificare il taglio, in quanto costituita da cinque sequenze autonome che preparano in climax il duello tra Eteocle e Polinice, ultima scena contemplata dal commento. Al corpo del lavoro sono riservate le informazioni richieste al commento tradizionale secondo le impostazioni più recenti, mentre l’introduzione si propone di analizzare in maniera più ampia ed organica le singole scene in rapporto alle problematiche del poema e della tradizione greco-latina. [a cura dell'Autore]
Complexity and Shock Wave Geometries
Creators: name: Stanford, Douglas
name: Susskind, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we refine a conjecture relating the time-dependent size of an Einstein-Rosen bridge to the computational complexity of the of the dual quantum state. Our refinement states that the complexity is proportional to the spatial volume of the ERB. More precisely, up to an ambiguous numerical coefficient, we propose that the complexity is the regularized volume of the largest codimension one surface crossing the bridge, divided by $G_N l_{AdS}$. We test this conjecture against a wide variety of spherically symmetric shock wave geometries in different dimensions. We find detailed agreement.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures
Curvature Motion in Time-dependent Minkowski Planes
Creators: name: Balestro, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A10, 52A21, 52A40, 53A35, 53C44

description: In this paper we study a flow by minkowskian curvature where we have a different Minkowski plane at each time. We derive some evolution formulas, present sufficient hypotesis for the short time existence and convexity of solutions and study the motion considering a particular type of families of Minkowski norms. Also, as a corollary we establish a result about a certain family of nonlinear parabolic PDE's.
description: 9 pages