cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the history of photomultiplier tube invention
Creators: name: Lubsandorzhiev, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this very short note we review some historical aspects of photomultiplier tube invention. It is our tribute to the memory of great Soviet-Russian physicist and engineer Leonid Aleksandrovitch Kubetsky whose life and scientific achievements are described briefly. Particular efforts are made to shed light on a controversial issue of who invented the first photomultiplier tube. It is asserted that if to recognize L.A.Kubetsky's priority on the photomultiplier tube invention the last Beaune Conference would be held on the eve of the 75th Anniversary of that great event.
description: Presented at the 4th Beaune Conference on New Development in Photodetection, Beaune France, 19-24 June 2005
On PPT States in KxMxN Composite Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao-Hong
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
name: Wang, Zhi-Xi
name: Wu, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the general representations of positive partial transpose (PPT) states in ${\cal C}^K \otimes {\cal C}^M \otimes {\cal C}^N$. For the PPT states with rank-$N$ a canonical form is obtained, from which a sufficient separability condition is presented.
description: 13 pages
INTEGRATION OF A PRODUCT CHOICE MODEL AND A LATENT VARIABLE MODEL OF NUTRITION INFORMATION
Creators: name: Mojduszka, Eliza M.
name: Mojduszka, Eliza M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: We develop and estimate an integrated discrete choice model system of product choice and nutrition information for prepared frozen meals in the United States in the period from 1993 to 1998, when government regulation of nutrition labeling changed from voluntary to mandatory. The model links consumer characteristics (e.g., income, knowledge about nutrition, nutrition label use) to product characteristics (e.g., prices, nutritional attributes) and allows us to obtain consumer preference parameters and demand elasticities with regard to product characteristics. We find that prices, advertising, price reductions, and consumer preferences for taste have a significant effect on the demand for prepared frozen meals, whereas knowledge about nutrition and nutrition label use do not. Using the estimated demand parameters we then evaluate the impact of the new mandatory labeling policy. The results show that consumer preferences and purchasing patterns within the prepared frozen meals category did not change significantly after the implementation of mandatory nutrition labeling.
Cullmann, Oscar / Karrer, Otto, Die Bibel im Gespräch zwischen den Konfessionen
Creators: name: Schweigart, Hans Günther
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 16 Nr. 4 (1967): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 16, Heft 4
Productivity Growth, Technological Progress, and Technical Efficiency in the Heartland and Southern Cotton States:1996-1999.
Creators: name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Banker, David E.
name: Breneman, Vincent E.
name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Banker, David E.
name: Breneman, Vincent E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Productivity Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Given recent concerns expressed about the structural transformation of agriculture and the health of the family farm this study provides a measure of the economic health of small and large farms at the state level. We use nonparametric frontier methods to measure and explain changes in the efficiency, productivity, and technological change of U.S. farms, employing USDA's annual 1996 to 1999 surveys of farms. Our results for the corn and cotton states analyzed identify particularly weak economic performance of small farms in Iowa, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin and of large farms in Missouri, Oklahoma, and South Carolina. Our results also indicate strong performance of small farms in several states. Thus, these results give policy makers a more detailed and up to date view of the overall economic health of the agricultural sector in the states analyzed than has previously been possible with aggregate state level analyses.
Aname complexes L. Koch 1873
Creators: name: Wilson, Jeremy D.
name: Harvey, Mark S.
name: Simmons, Leigh W.
name: Rix, Michael G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Anamidae
Aname

description: Minor Aname complexes from eastern Australia
Figs 1, 4, 13, 94–104
Remarks
Here, we define minor complexes as those containing no more than three species, for which we have very little information. Minor complexes identified in this study include the callitra -complex (two species), the aurantella -complex (three species), the mariala -complex (two species), the flexicaudula - complex (two species), and the savannella -complex (two species). Only male specimens are known for these minor complexes. Because each contains so few species, we have not provided diagnostic keys to individual species within these complexes.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Jeremy D., Harvey, Mark S., Simmons, Leigh W. & Rix, Michael G., 2025, An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species, pp. 1-298 in European Journal of Taxonomy 985 on page 146, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.985.2845, http://zenodo.org/record/15169471
THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF ELICITING PREFERENCES AND MODEL ESTIMATION IN CONJOINT ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Harrison, R. Wes
name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Fields, Deacue
name: Harrison, R. Wes
name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Fields, Deacue
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The theoretical underpinnings associated with eliciting consumer preferences and statistical properties of alternative models in conjoint analysis are examined. Results show that model selection makes little difference in the context of sign and significance of coefficients. However, results show that tobit is a better predictor of ordinal ranking relative to the probit model.
Viscous instabilities in flowing foams: A Cellular Potts Model approach
Creators: name: Sanyal, Soma
name: Glazier, James A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cellular Potts Model (CPM) succesfully simulates drainage and shear in foams. Here we use the CPM to investigate instabilities due to the flow of a single large bubble in a dry, monodisperse two-dimensional flowing foam. As in experiments in a Hele-Shaw cell, above a threshold velocity the large bubble moves faster than the mean flow. Our simulations reproduce analytical and experimental predictions for the velocity threshold and the relative velocity of the large bubble, demonstrating the utility of the CPM in foam rheology studies.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Replaced with revised version accepted for publication in JSTAT
Feedback of molecular outflows from protostars in NGC 1333, revealed by Herschel and Spitzer spectro-imaging observations
Creators: name: Dionatos, Odysseas
name: Kristensen, Lars. E.
name: Tafalla, Mario
name: Güdel, Manuel
name: Persson, Magnus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale spectral maps of star forming regions enable the comparative study of the gas excitation around an ensemble of sources at a common frame of reference, providing direct insights in the multitude of processes involved. In this paper we employ spectral-line maps to decipher the excitation, the kinematical and dynamical processes in NGC 1333 as revealed by a number of different emission lines, aiming to set a reference for the applicability of tracers in constraining diverse physical processes. We reconstruct line maps for H$_2$ , CO, H$_2$O and C$^+$ using data obtained with the Spitzer-IRS and Herschel HIFI-SPIRE. We compare the morphological features of the maps and derive the gas excitation for regions of interest employing LTE and non-LTE methods. We also calculate the kinematical and dynamical properties for each outflow tracer consistently for all outflows in NGC 1333. We finally measure the water abundance in outflows with respect to carbon monoxide and molecular hydrogen. CO and H$_2$ are highly excited around B-stars and at lower levels trace protostellar outflows. H$_2$O emission is dominated by a moderately fast component associated with outflows. Intermediate J CO lines appear brightest at the locations traced by a narrow H$_2$O component, indicating that beyond the dominating collisional processes, a secondary, radiative excitation component can also be active. The morphology, kinematics, excitation and abundance variations of water are consistent with its excitation and partial dissociation in shocks. Water abundance ranges between 5 x 10$^{-7}$ and 10$^{-5}$, with the lower values being more representative. Water is brightest and most abundant around IRAS 4A which is consistent with the latter hosting a hot corino source. Finally, the outflow mass flux is found highest for CO and decreases by one and two orders of magnitude for H$_2$ and H$_2$O, respectively.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables, A&A accepted
Opening angles, Lorentz factors and confinement of X-ray binary jets
Creators: name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Nakar, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a collation of the available data on the opening angles of jets in X-ray binaries, which in most cases are small (less than 10 degrees). Under the assumption of no confinement, we calculate the Lorentz factors required to produce such small opening angles via the transverse relativistic Doppler effect. The derived Lorentz factors, which are in most cases lower limits, are found to be large, with a mean greater than 10, comparable to those estimated for AGN and much higher than the commonly-assumed values for X-ray binaries of 2 to 5. Jet power constraints do not in most cases rule out such high Lorentz factors. The upper limits on the opening angles show no evidence for smaller Lorentz factors in the steady jets of Cygnus X-1 and GRS 1915+105. In those sources in which deceleration has been observed (notably XTE J1550-564 and Cygnus X-3), some confinement of the jets must be occurring, and we briefly discuss possible confinement mechanisms. It is however possible that all the jets could be confined, in which case the requirement for high bulk Lorentz factors can be relaxed.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures (2 colour), accepted for publication in MNRAS
THE DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS RESULTING FROM BIOTECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
Creators: name: Price, Gregory K.
name: Lin, William W.
name: Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
name: Price, Gregory K.
name: Lin, William W.
name: Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The purposes of this study are two-fold: (1) to estimate the size of total benefits arising from the adoption of agricultural biotechnology, and (2) to measure the distribution of total benefits among key stakeholders along the production and marketing chain, including U.S. farmers, gene developers, germplasm suppliers, U.S. consumers, and the producers and consumers in the rest of the world. This study focuses on the benefits that resulted from the adoption of herbicide-tolerant soybeans as well as insect-resistant (Bt) and herbicide-tolerant cotton in 1997. In this analysis, various data sources are examined for measuring the farm-level effects of adopting biotechnology and the resulting benefit estimates are compared. The size and distribution of the benefits arising from the adoption of biotech crops vary significantly, depending on the farm-level effects obtained from the various data sources and the supply and demand elasticity assumptions for the domestic and world markets. Estimates of the benefits derived from farm-level impacts that isolate the effects biotechnology appear to be the most plauible. This study does not lend support to the popular belief that U.S. farmers received at least one-half, or as much as two-thirds, of the total benefits realized from the adoption of biotechnology. In contrast, the results of this study indicate that in 1997, U.S. farmers realized considerably less than half of the total benefits. The bulk of the benefits appear to have gone to the gene supplier, seed companies, U.S. consumers, and the rest of the world.
Single-molecule-resolution ultrafast near-field optical microscopy via plasmon lifetime extension
Creators: name: Ovali, Rasim Volga
name: Sahin, Ramazan
name: Bek, Alpan
name: Tasgin, Mehmet Emre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent study shows that: when a long lifetime particle is positioned near a plasmonic metal nanoparticle, lifetime of plasmon oscillations extends, but, "only" near that long-life particle [PRB 101, 035416 (2020)]. Here, we show that this phenomenon can be utilized for ultrahigh (single-molecule) resolution ultrafast apertureless (scattering) SNOM applications. We use the exact solutions of 3D Maxwell equations. We illuminate a metal-coated silicon tip, a quantum emitter (QE) placed on the tip apex, with a femtosecond laser. The induced near-field in the apex decays rapidly except in the vicinity of the sub-nm-sized QE. Thus, the resolution becomes solely limited by the size of the QE. As positioning of a QE on the tip apex is challenging, we propose the use of a newly-discovered phenomenon; stress-induced defect formation in 2D materials. When a monolayer, e.g., transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) is transferred to the AFM tip, the tip indentation of 2D TMD originates a defect-center located right at the sharpest point of the tip; that is exactly at its apex. Moreover, the resonance of the defect is tunable via a voltage applied to the tip. Our method can equally be used for background-noise-free nonlinear imaging and for facilitating single-molecule-size chemical manipulation.
description: 4 pages, 3 pages of references, 5 figures
HIGH-GRADE CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA TREATMENT COMPARING PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY PROTOCOLS
Creators: name: Inada, Natalia
name: De Castro, Cynthia
name: Da Silva, Carolina
name: Marchetti, Laura
name: Welington Lombardi
name: Vanderlei Bagnato
Publisher: name: BRICS Workshop on Biophotonics 2023 — Book of Abstracts
Year: 2023

description: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutical modality which offers a minimally invasive alternative for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) treatment. This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial aims to compare two PDT protocols for histopathologically similar high-grade CIN treatment. In protocol 1, only ectocervix is illuminated; in protocol 2, the patients had both the ectocervix and endocervix illuminated simultaneously with LED plus LASER (a cylindrical diffuser fiber was coupled inside the squamocolumnar junction). In both groups was applied 20% MAL overnight (approximately 10 hours) and the irradiance delivered was 120 mW/cm², for 21 minutes, in a fluency rate of 150 J/cm². Two years of follow-up showed 96% cure for group 1 and 87% for patients treated by protocol 2. No significant difference was observed between the two protocols. However, the number of patients who completed the two-year follow-up is still low and we expect better conclusions with more patients followed.
Potential of the three-terminal heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell for space applications
Creators: name: Martí, Antonio
name: García-Linares, Pablo
name: Zehender, Marius
name: Svatek, Simon A.
name: Artacho, Irene
name: Cristóbal, Ana Belén
name: González, José R.
name: Baur, Carsten
name: Ramiro, Iñigo
name: Cappelluti, Federica
name: Antolín, Elisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-terminal multi-junction solar cells (MJSC) offer higher efficiency potential than series connected (two-terminal) ones. In addition, for terrestrial applications, the efficiency of multi-terminal solar cells is less sensitive to solar spectral variations than the two-terminal series-connected one. In space, generally, cells are always illuminated with AM0 spectrum and no impact is expected from spectral variations. Still, in space, the multi-terminal approach offers some advantages in comparison with the series-connected architecture approach derived from a higher end of life (EOL) efficiency. In this work we review the potential of multi-terminal solar cells for achieving extended EOL efficiencies with emphasis in the potential of the three-terminal heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell, a novel multi-terminal MJSC architecture with a simplified structure not requiring, for example, tunnel junctions.
Conductance distribution in strongly disordered mesoscopic systems in three dimensions
Creators: name: Markos, K. A. Muttalib. P.
name: Woelfle, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent numerical simulations have shown that the distribution of conductance P(g) in 3D strongly localized regiem differs significally from the expected log normal distribution. To understand the origin of this difference analytically, we used a generalized DMPK equation for the joint probablity distribution of the transmission eigenvalues which includes a phenomenological (disorder and dimensionality dependent) matrix K containing certain correlations of the transfer matrices. We first of all examine the assumptions made in the derivation if the generalized DMPK and find that to a good approximation they remain valid in 3D. We then evaluate the matrix K numerically for various strength of the disorder and various system sizes. In the strong disorder limit we find that K can be described by a simple model which, for a cubic system, depends on a single parameter. We use this phenomenological model to analytically evaluate the full distribution P(g) for Anderson insulators in 3D. The analytic results allow us to develop an intuitive understanding of the entire distribution, which differs qualitatively from the log-normal distribution of a Q1D wire. We also show that out method could be applicable in the critical regime of the Anderson transition.
The mesoscopic dynamics of thermodynamic systems
Creators: name: Reguera, D.
name: Rubi, J. M.
name: Vilar, J. M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Concepts of everyday use like energy, heat, and temperature have acquired a precise meaning after the development of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics provides the basis for understanding how heat and work are related and with the general rules that the macroscopic properties of systems at equilibrium follow. Outside equilibrium and away from macroscopic regimes most of those rules cannot be applied directly. Here we present recent developments that extend the applicability of thermodynamic concepts deep into mesoscopic and irreversible regimes. We show how the probabilistic interpretation of thermodynamics together with probability conservation laws can be used to obtain Fokker-Planck equations for the relevant degrees of freedom. This approach provides a systematic method to obtain the stochastic dynamics of a system directly from its equilibrium properties. A wide variety of situations can be studied in this way, including many that were thought to be out of reach of thermodynamic theories, such as non-linear transport in the presence of potential barriers, activated processes, slow relaxation phenomena, and basic processes in biomolecules, like translocation and stretching.
description: Feature Article, 32 pages, 5 figures
METHODOLOGY FOR INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GDP AND PRODUCTIVITY
Creators: name: Qi, Shunrong
name: Coggins, Jay S.
name: Xu, Lan
name: Qi, Shunrong
name: Coggins, Jay S.
name: Xu, Lan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Productivity Analysis

description: The paper provides a methodology that is feasibly implemented for integrated environmental-economic (or 'green') GDP accounting and productivity measurement. The shadow prices for environmental inputs, which enable us to calculate green GDP and to design a pollution tax scheme and tradable permit system for social optimum, can be derived. The development of the statistics of green GDP and green productivity growth provides a fundamental component of policy-making for socially optimal growth and of formulating the market mechanisms for environmental management.
title: Hydraulische Stimulationskonzepte zur Entwicklung von Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)
Creators: name: Zimmermann, G.
name: Bloecher, G.
name: Reinicke, Andreas
name: Deon, Fiorenza
name: Regenspurg, Simona
name: Yoon, J.-S.
name: Zang, Arno
name: Heidbach, O.
name: Moeck, Inga
name: Huenges, Ernst
Publisher: name: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
Year: 2014

description: System Erde; 4
Fractional momentum correlations in multiple production of W bosons and of b-anti_b pairs in high energy pp collisions
Creators: name: Cattaruzza, E.
name: Del Fabbro, A.
name: Treleani, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple parton collisions will represent a rather common feature in pp collisions at the LHC, where regimes with very large momentum transfer may be studied and events rare in lower energy accelerators might occur with a significant rate. A reason of interest in large p_t regimes is that, differently from low p_t, evolution will induce correlations in x in the multiparton structure functions. We have estimated the cross section of multiple production of W bosons with equal sign, where the correlations in x induced by evolution are particularly relevant, and the cross section of b-bar_b b-bar_b production, where the effects of evolution are much smaller. Our result is that, in the case of multiple production of W bosons, the terms with correlations may represent a correction of the order of 40% of the cross sections, for pp collisions at 1 TeV c.m. energy, and a correction of the order of 20% at 14 TeV. In the case of b-bar_b pairs the correction terms are of the order of 10-15% at 1 TeV and of the order of 5% at 14 TeV.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D
LAND RENTAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN CHINA
Creators: name: Lohmar, Bryan
name: Zhang, Zhaoxin
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Lohmar, Bryan
name: Zhang, Zhaoxin
name: Somwaru, Agapi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The development of a land rental market in China may help stimulate further increases in agricultural production. This paper provides a description of land rental transactions in rural China, analyzes the determinants of land supply and demand and estimates the implications land rental activity has for increasing agricultural production.
Dark matter in the inner parts of barred galaxies: The data
Creators: name: Perez, I.
name: Marquez, I.
name: Freeman, K.
name: Fux, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents surface photometry (B,V, I, J, H, K) and H_alpha rotation curves of 27 isolated spiral galaxies. The final goal is to obtain the mass distribution of a sample of isolated spiral galaxies in order to model their gas kinematics. This is then compared to the observed rotation curve, to determine the necessity of a dark halo in the inner parts (Perez et al. 2004). The azimuthally averaged radial surface brightness profiles and the integrated magnitudes obtained from ellipse fitting are given for each of the sample galaxies. The ellipse fitting technique applied to the light distribution also allowed us to obtain the size of the bar, and the inclination and position angle of the outer isophotes that allow the galaxy deprojection. Using these profiles, 1-D disk-bulge decomposition was performed to obtain the disk scale-length and the bulge effective radius for the different bands. Through the fitting of a parametric function to the observed rotation curve, the maximum rotational velocity and the corresponding radius was obtained. The correlation between the bulge and disk parameters is in agreement with previous studies (de Jong 1996a; Marquez & Moles 1999; Baggett et al. 1998). Regarding the Kormendy relation (Kormendy 1977), in agreement with de Jong, no correlation between the bulge effective radius and its surface brightness is found, possibly due to the small range of bulge magnitudes covered. We find a smaller scatter in the structural relations when compared to non-isolated samples in agreement with Marquez & Moles (1999). Finally, a correlation between the disk scale-length and the bar size is observed, possibly reflecting the rapid growth of a bar.
description: A&A accepted. Fig. 11 and Tables 3-8 can be downloaded at: http://www.astro.rug.nl/~isa (they will also be available at http://www.edpsciences.org)
DEMAND FOR BEEF FROM CATTLE ADMINISTERED GROWTH HORMONES OR FED GENETICALLY MODIFIED CORN: A COMPARISON OF CONSUMERS IN FRANCE, GERMANY, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND THE UNITED STATES
Creators: name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Fox, John A.
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Fox, John A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This study compares consumer valuations of beef steaks from cattle produced without growth hormones or genetically modified corn in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In general, European consumers place a higher value on beef from cattle that have not been administered growth hormones and/or fed genetically modified corn than United States consumers. There is a larger divergence between the two cultures with regard to the issue of biotechnology and genetic engineering than with the issue of growth hormones. Results suggest that liberalizing trade policy for hormone-treated beef may be welfare reducing for the European Union.
Student-Teacher Curriculum Learning via Reinforcement Learning: Predicting Hospital Inpatient Admission Location
Creators: name: el-Bouri, Rasheed
name: Eyre, David
name: Watkinson, Peter
name: Zhu, Tingting
name: Clifton, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5
subject: 00Bxx

description: Accurate and reliable prediction of hospital admission location is important due to resource-constraints and space availability in a clinical setting, particularly when dealing with patients who come from the emergency department. In this work we propose a student-teacher network via reinforcement learning to deal with this specific problem. A representation of the weights of the student network is treated as the state and is fed as an input to the teacher network. The teacher network's action is to select the most appropriate batch of data to train the student network on from a training set sorted according to entropy. By validating on three datasets, not only do we show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on tabular data and performs competitively on image recognition, but also that novel curricula are learned by the teacher network. We demonstrate experimentally that the teacher network can actively learn about the student network and guide it to achieve better performance than if trained alone.
description: 16 pages, 31 figures, In Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning
FARMLAND PRICE DETERMINANTS
Creators: name: Drescher, Klaus
name: Henderson, Jason R.
name: McNamara, Kevin T.
name: Drescher, Klaus
name: Henderson, Jason R.
name: McNamara, Kevin T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper examines determinants of farmland prices in Minnesota. A hedonic price model is used to estimate the implicit value of the land characteristics. Farmland prices are influenced by agricultural production attributes as well as demand factors. The results also suggest that the potential for development of land for higher value non-agricultural activities creates an expectation, that is capitalised into farmland prices.
Conductance of quantum wires: a numerical study of the effects of an impurity and interactions
Creators: name: Agarwal, Amit
name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism along with a self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation to numerically study the effects of a single impurity and interactions between the electrons (with and without spin) on the conductance of a quantum wire. We study how the conductance varies with the wire length, the temperature, and the strength of the impurity and interactions. The dependence of the conductance on the wire length and temperature is found to be in rough agreement with the results obtained from a renormalization group analysis based on the Hartree-Fock approximation. For the spin-1/2 model with a repulsive on-site interaction or the spinless model with an attractive nearest neighbor interaction, we find that the conductance increases with increasing wire length or decreasing temperature. This can be qualitatively explained using the Born approximation in scattering theory. For a strong impurity, the conductance is significantly different for a repulsive and an attractive impurity; this is due to the existence of a bound state in the latter case. In general, the large density deviations at short distances have an appreciable effect on the conductance which is not captured by the renormalization group analysis.
description: Revtex, 15 pages including 21 figures; all the numerical calculations have been re-done with a Fermi wavenumber of pi/10; this is the version published in Phys Rev B
LEAST COST EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Creators: name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Schneider, Friedrich
name: Streicher, Gerhard
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Schneider, Friedrich
name: Streicher, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The study evaluates the efficiency of government intervention using a vertical structured model including imperfectly competitive agricultural input markets, the bread grains market, and the imperfectly competitive food industry. The actually observed policy is compared to a hypothetical optimal policy of the same policy instruments to test for policy efficiency.
Teaching assistants' performance at identifying common introductory student difficulties revealed by the conceptual survey of electricity and magnetism
Creators: name: Karim, Nafis I
name: Maries, Alexandru
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss research involving the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM) to evaluate one aspect of the pedagogical content knowledge of teaching assistants (TAs): the knowledge of introductory students' alternate conceptions in electricity and magnetism as revealed by the CSEM. For each item on the CSEM, the TAs were asked to (1) identify the most common incorrect answer choice of introductory physics students and (2) predict the percentage of introductory students who would answer the question correctly in a post-test. Then, we used the CSEM post-test data from approximately 400 introductory physics students (provided in the original paper describing the CSEM) to assess the extent to which the TAs were able to identify the alternate conceptions of introductory students related to electricity and magnetism. In addition, we conducted think-aloud interviews with TAs who had at least two semester of teaching experience in recitations to explore their reasoning about this task. We find that the TAs struggled to think about the difficulty of the questions from introductory students' perspective and they often underestimated the difficulty of the questions. Moreover, the TAs often expected certain incorrect answer choices to be common among introductory students when in fact those answer choices were not common.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2006.15058
Relocating gender in Sikh history : transformation, meaning and identity
Creators: name: Jakobsh, Doris R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The term 'gender' has been defined as an evolutionary, fluid construct; gendered realities are thus open to the vicissitudes of circumstance and time, emerging and developing with the shifting needs of the community within which they unfold. An analysis of gender construction is thus a useful mechanism to interpret the historical process on the whole. This theoretical position forms the framework for a reinterpretation of the Sikh community in the colonial context. The Sikh tradition itself has been part of an evolutionary process. From a primary focus on interior religiosity upon its inception, Sikhism developed into an increasingly militaristic order with highly prescribed exterior symbols and rituals. Accompanying this shift was a 'theology of difference', giving religious, symbolic and ritual sanctioning to a specific gender hierarchy. With a primary focus on male Sikh identity, female religious identity was relegated to a secondary position. Under-girding the annexation of Punjab into the British Empire were Victorian notions of the 'manly Christian', Christianized imperialism and chivalry, alongside rigid female ideals such as the 'helpmate'. The Sikhs came to be highly favoured by their imperial masters for their monotheistic ideals and what was perceived as their 'manly' and militaristic character. This hyper-masculine, militaristic construct, already enshrined within Sikh history through the creation of the Khalsa in 1699 received renewed emphasis by the British administration. The Singh Sabha reform movement initiated in the late-nineteenth century ingeniously accommodated selected aspects of the Victorian worldview into their reform agenda, particularly with regard to gender constructs. Leaders of the Singh Sabha began to actively safeguard Sikh interests in a political milieu increasingly defined by communal rivalry. A Sikh renaissance was born, bringing about a successful focus on linguistic concerns of the Sikhs, education, literature and a highly selective interpretive process of Sikh history and religion. Gender politics were pivotal to virtually all aspects of this endeavour. Novel interpretations and in certain instances 'inventions' of distinct female ritual traditions and symbolism alongside female educational initiatives fostering the 'ideal' Sikh woman were central to the objectives of the Singh Sabha reform movement.
NEUROMORPHIC LOCALIZATION MICROSCOPY FOR CELL BIOLOGY
Creators: name: Rohit Mangalwedhekar
name: Nair, Deepak
Publisher: name: BRICS Workshop on Biophotonics 2023 — Book of Abstracts
Year: 2023

description: Neuromorphic cameras have emerged as a novel sensor technology inspired by dynamic vision that work on the principle of detecting intensity changes as discrete events. These events are sampled asynchronously, independent of each pixel, resulting in sparse measurements. This inherent feature makes neuromorphic cameras ideal for imaging dynamic processes. By leveraging the unique properties of event-based sensors, we reconstruct event streams into images with temporal scales as low as 100 microseconds. We capitalize on the asynchronous recording of ON and OFF polarities, corresponding to increasing and decreasing intensity changes, respectively. This allows us to study the temporal variations of fluorescence emissions from single fluorescent particles, capturing their response to changes in excitation intensities. Moreover, we exploit the distinct characteristics of event-based sensors for precise localization of individual particles. By analyzing the ON and OFF processes independently, we achieve localization precision within the range of 10 nm. Additionally, through mathematical combinations of these independent processes from the same object, we surpass the diffraction limit and achieve sub-10 nm precision, pushing the boundaries of resolution. The white paper demonstrates the power of neuromorphic cameras in capturing dynamic processes and advancing the field of nanoscale imaging.
A STATIC POLICY FOR A DYNAMIC INDUSTRY: THE CALIFORNIA YOUNG ACT OF 1935
Creators: name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Wilson, Norbert L.W.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Wilson, Norbert L.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: dairy policy
subject: quota
subject: agricultural history

description: An economic history of the development of California dairy policies from 1935 to 1965 is used to support the hypothesis that the incompatibility of discrete policy changes for a dynamic industry generates deadweight losses. Combining quantitative industry data with legal and personal narratives provides evidence in support of the hypothesis.
QUALITY, REPUTATION, AND IMPORTS
Creators: name: Worth, Thomas
name: Worth, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper develops a model of how firms determine the quality of their output in a setting of asymmetric information. In this framework, the few lowest-cost firms produce high quality output and the rest produce at low quality due to a free-rider problem. The presence of imports exacerbates this problem.
Photon dominated regions in the spiral arms of M83 and M51
Creators: name: Kramer, C.
name: Mookerjea, B.
name: Bayet, E.
name: Garcia-Burillo, S.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Israel, F. P.
name: Stutzki, J.
name: Wouterloot, J. G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present CI 3P1-3P0 spectra at four spiral arm positions and the nuclei of the nearby galaxies M83 and M51 obtained at the JCMT. This data is complemented with maps of CO 1-0, 2-1, and 3-2, and ISO/LWS far-infrared data of CII (158 micron), OI (63 micron), and NII (122 micron) allowing for the investigation of a complete set of all major gas cooling lines. From the intensity of the NII line, we estimate that between 15% and 30% of the observed CII emission originate from the dense ionized phase of the ISM. The analysis indicates that emission from the diffuse ionized medium is negligible. In combination with the FIR dust continuum, we find gas heating efficiencies below ~0.21% in the nuclei, and between 0.25 and 0.36% at the outer positions. Comparison with models of photon-dominated regions (PDRs) of Kaufman et al. (1999) with the standard ratios OI(63)/CII_PDR and (OI(63)+CII_PDR) vs. TIR, the total infrared intensity, yields two solutions. The physically most plausible solution exhibits slightly lower densities and higher FUV fields than found when using a full set of line ratios, CII_PDR/CI(1-0), CI(1-0)/CO(3-2), CO(3-2)/CO(1-0), CII/CO(3-2), and, OI(63)/CII_PDR. The best fits to the latter ratios yield densities of 10^4 cm^-3 and FUV fields of ~G_0=20-30 times the average interstellar field without much variation. At the outer positions, the observed total infrared intensities are in perfect agreement with the derived best fitting FUV intensities. The ratio of the two intensities lies at 4-5 at the nuclei, indicating the presence of other mechanisms heating the dust.
VALUING WATER QUALITY CHANGES AT CONNECTICUT LAKES WITH CONTINGENT PRICE DATA
Creators: name: Fishman, Kara J.
name: Leonard, Robert L.
name: Shah, Farhed A.
name: Fishman, Kara J.
name: Leonard, Robert L.
name: Shah, Farhed A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: contingent price
subject: water quality

description: A survey based approach is proposed to augment the property value method when historical information on water quality variation is unavailable. Data from three Connecticut lakes is used to illustrate this approach. The impact of hypothetical water quality changes on recreational and aesthetic values is assessed and analyzed.
Numerical Relativistic Hydrodynamics Based on the Total Variation Diminishing Scheme
Creators: name: Choi, Eunwoo
name: Ryu, Dongsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes a multidimensional hydrodynamic code which can be used for studies of relativistic astrophysical flows. The code solves the special relativistic hydrodynamic equations as a hyperbolic system of conservation laws based on the total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme. It uses a new set of conserved quantities and employs an analytic formula for transformation from the conserved quantities in the reference frame to the physical quantities in the local rest frame. Several standard tests, including relativistic shock tubes, a relativistic wall shock, and a relativistic blast wave, are presented to demonstrate that the code captures discontinuities correctly and sharply in ultrarelativistic regimes. The robustness and flexibility of the code are demonstrated through test simulations of the relativistic Hawley-Zabusky shock and a relativistic extragalactic jet.
description: To appear in New Astronomy. Pdf with full resolution figures can be downloaded from http://canopus.cnu.ac.kr/ryu/choiryu.pdf
Quantum effective actions from nonperturbative worldline dynamics
Creators: name: Gies, H.
name: Sánchez--Guillén, J.
name: Vázquez, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the feasibility of a nonperturbative analysis of quantum field theory in the worldline formalism with the help of an efficient numerical algorithm. In particular, we compute the effective action for a super-renormalizable field theory with cubic scalar interaction in four dimensions in quenched approximation (small-$N_f$ expansion) to all orders in the coupling. We observe that nonperturbative effects exert a strong influence on the infrared behavior, rendering the massless limit well defined in contrast to the perturbative expectation. Our numerical method is based on a direct use of probability distributions for worldline ensembles, preserves all Euclidean spacetime symmetries, and thus represents a new nonperturbative tool for an investigation of continuum quantum field theory.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures
USING A MULTIPLE PRODUCT AND MULTIPLE INPUT APPROACH TO DAIRY PROFIT MAXIMIZATION: A SIMULATION USING OPERATIONS RESEARCH METHODS
Creators: name: Hadley, Gregg
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Hadley, Gregg
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Dairy producers generally take a single output/multiple input approach when making production decisions. Under component pricing, with large variance in individual component prices, a multiple output/multiple input approach maximizes profits. This paper applied our approach to the individual farm milk production decision.
Measuring Light Yukawa couplings and Flavour Changing Neutral Currents in Higgs hadronic decays at the FCC-ee
Creators: name: Selvaggi, Michele
Publisher: name: CERN
Year: 2025

description: We present a study of the sensitivity of the FCC-ee to Higgs decays involving light quarks (up and down) and flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNCs). Using a dedicated multivariate analysis, we exploit the $\rm e^+e^- \to \nu\bar{\nu}H(jj)$ final state to identify, classify, and extract hadronic Higgs decays. We derive 95\% CL upper limits on $\rm H \to uu$, $\rm dd$, $\rm bs$, $\rm bd$, $\rm sd$, and $\rm cu$, improving upon existing bounds by up to an order of magnitude. These results highlight the unique potential of the FCC-ee to probe the light Yukawa sector and test for extensions of the Standard Model that induce FCNCs in the Higgs sector.
PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN PROMOTING HIGH EXTERNAL-INPUT TECHNOLOGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE SASAKAWA GLOBAL 2000 EXPERIENCE IN ETHIOPIA AND MOZAMBIQUE
Creators: name: Howard, Julie A.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Stepanek, Julie
name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Howard, Julie A.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Stepanek, Julie
name: Crawford, Eric W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: technology adoption
subject: sub-Saharan Africa
subject: Sasakawa-Global 2000
subject: maize
subject: fertilizer

description: Critics argue that high external input technologies are too costly for African farmers, and that pilot programs to promote them are economically unsustainable. This paper assesses Sasakawa-Global 2000 programs in Ethiopia and Mozambique; budgets, yield models and subsector analysis help explain the radically different country results and prognoses for sustainable adoption.
Long Time Behavior of a Quasilinear Hyperbolic System Modelling Elastic Membranes
Creators: name: Shao, Chengyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper studies the long time behavior of a system that describes the motion of a piece of elastic membrane driven by surface tension and inner air pressure. The system is a degenerate quasilinear hyperbolic one that involves the mean curvature, and also includes a damping term that models the dissipative nature of genuine physical systems. With the presence of damping, a small perturbation of the sphere converges exponentially in time to the sphere, and without the damping the evolution that is $\varepsilon$-close to the sphere has life span longer than $\varepsilon^{-1/6}$. Both results are proved using a new Nash-Moser-Hörmander type theorem proved by Baldi and Haus.