cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Path Integral Bosonization of the 't Hooft Determinant: Quasiclassical Corrections
Creators: name: Osipov, Alexander A.
name: Hiller, Brigitte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The many-fermion Lagrangian which includes the 't Hooft six-quark flavor mixing interaction (N_f=3) and the U_L(3)\times U_R(3) chiral symmetric four-quark Nambu -- Jona-Lasinio (NJL) type interactions is bosonized by the path integral method. The method of the steepest descents is used to derive the effective quark-mesonic Lagrangian with linearized many-fermion vertices. We obtain, additionally to the known lowest order stationary phase result of Reinhardt and Alkofer, the next to leading order (NLO) contribution arising from quantum fluctuations of auxiliary bosonic fields around their stationary phase trajectories (the Gaussian integral contribution). Using the gap equation we construct the effective potential, from which the structure of the vacuum can be settled. For some set of parameters the effective potential has several extrema, that in the case of SU(2)_I\times U(1)_Y flavor symmetry can be understood on topological grounds. With increasing strength of the fluctuations the spontaneously broken phase gets unstable and the trivial vacuum is restored. The effective potential reveals furthermore the existence of logarithmic singularities at certain field expectation values, signalizing caustic regions.
description: LaTeX, 19 pages, 6 figures, more detailed discussions, references added, prepared for Eur.Phys.J.C
title: T lymphocyte responses to equid herpesviruses 1 and 4 in horses
Creators: name: O'Neill, Terry
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1995

description: This thesis describes the development, optimisation and use of assays to measure equine herpes virus-specific proliferative and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in the blood of horses. Equine T cell blast cells stimulated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with pokeweed mitogen were found to perform best as targets for CTL in "Cr release assays. CTL induced in vitro with an abortigenic strain of EHV-1 (EHV-1/Ab4) were shown to be antigen specific, genetically restricted and predominantly of the CD4' CD8+ phenotype. Cross-reactive CTL were induced in vitro with live EHV-4 virus, which killed EHV-1 infected blast cells. A proportion of EHV-1 induced CTL were shown to be directed against the immediate early gene products. A proliferative LDA was used to determine whether the frequency of precursor T cells detected before challenge with EHV-1 correlated with immune status. The precursor frequency of antigen-specific T cells increased in 3 out of 4 horses after infection. However, there was no correlation between precursor frequency and outcome of infection. A LDA was developed and used to evaluate the precursor frequencies of EHV-1 and EHV-4 induced CTL after infection with these viruses. Pre-infection CTLp frequencies in susceptible animals were <1/150,000. CTLp frequencies in animals which were immune to EHV-1 were between 1/10,000 and 1/20,000. To my knowledge this is the first report of the use of LDA techniques in the horse. The development and use of CTL LDA assays have provided new information on CTL responses in horses after EHV-1 and EHV-4 infection.
Der Wasserhaushalt eines Hunsrück-Moores, simuliert mit dem Modell AKWA-M®
Water budget of a bog in Hunsrück/ Germany, calculated with the model AKWA-M®
Creators: name: Munch, Albrecht
name: Dittrich, Ingo
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2001

description: Für die Hangbrücher bei Morbach im Hunsrück wurde der Wasserhaushalt mit dem für Hangmoore modifizierten Modell AKWA-M® berechnet. Die Auswirkungen anthropogener Eingriffe (Bestockung der Speisungsflächen, Entwässerungsgräben, Quellfassungen) können mit diesem Modell den weitgehend unbeeinflußten Verhältnissen gegenübergestellt und diskutiert werden.
description: A water budget study of the Hangbrücher near Morbach is carried out using a modified version of the model AKWA-M® for the simulation of these bogs. The simulation results can be used to evaluate the consequences of human activity (i. e. changes in the forest-culture in the supply area, drainage systems or using natural springs for water supply).
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Effects of pH on Metal Leaching from Activated Carbon Block Filters
Creators: name: Hui, Wanyue
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 401199
subject: Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified

description:   
Activated carbon block filters are commonly used in point-of-use water filtration systems, but limited studies have been done on the potential leaching of metals from these filters and their potential health risks to humans. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pH on metal leaching from activated carbon block filters. Commercially available activated carbon blocks were cut to similar size and weight and exposed to tap water whose pH was changed to between 4 and 9. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to measure metal concentrations. The results indicated that metals were leached significantly differently under different pH due to different mechanisms. Manganese was partially precipitated under alkaline conditions under basic pH conditions above 8. A sudden change in copper concentration after 70 hours could be attributed to many factors such as experimental conditions, operational errors, and differences in the activated carbon block itself. Concentrations of Zn at pH 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 in tap water did not change significantly during the 74 hours. The concentration of Zn at pH 7 decreased, which can be attributed to the adsorption effect on zinc under pH 7. The increasing concentrations of Na and K in tap water and the decreasing concentrations of Ca and Mg may be explained by ion exchange of cations in the tap water. The results of this study indicate that multiple mechanisms may affect metal leaching from activated carbon block filters and their health risks should be further investigated.
Additional file 1 of The policy implementation gap of school oral health programmes in Tshwane, South Africa: a qualitative case study
Creators: name: Mpho Molete
name: Stewart, Aimee
name: Bosire, Edna
name: Igumbor, Jude
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. *The policy implementation gap of school oral health programmes in Tshwane, South Africa: A qualitative case study. *Interview guide.
Die Hunsrückbrücher nach der forstlichen Standortskartierung des Hunsrück-Hauptkammes
The Hunsrück fens after the forest site mapping along the main ridge of the Hunsrück
Creators: name: Gauer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2001

description: Die forstliche Standortskartierung der Staatswälder in Rheinland-Pfalz aus den 1960er Jahren gibt einen detaillierten Eindruck von den potentiellen (ca. 650 ha) und rezenten Bruchflächen (ca. 150 ha) am Hunsrück-Hauptkamm. Die abgeleiteten Empfehlungen sind heute aber nur noch mit Kenntnis der damaligen Rahmenbedingungen verständlich.
description: The forest site mapping of the State forests of the 1960th gives a detailed review of the potential (650 ha) and the recent fen areas (150 ha) along the Hunsrück Main Ridge. The recommendations for silviculture derived from this mapping are today understandable only by the knowledge of the general conditions of that time.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Small producer participation in export vegetable supply chains and household labour allocation in Tanzania: an age-disaggregated approach
Creators: name: Benali, Marwan
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Afari-Sefa, Victor
name: Benali, Marwan
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Afari-Sefa, Victor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: export supply chains
subject: hired labour
subject: off-farm labour
subject: small producers
subject: rural youth

description: High-value agricultural supply chains have been playing an increasingly important role in developing countries and have had significant effects on the rural labour markets. This paper analyses the simultaneous effects of small producer participation in the latter on both household hired labour demand and off-farm labour supply, using an age-disaggregated approach. Failing to reject the separability hypothesis as well as the exogeneity of small producer participation in export supply chains, we apply lognormal double-hurdle models and find that participation in vegetable export supply chains in Tanzania affects positively a household’s decision to hire labour from all age groups. We also find that it increases the unconditional overall level of hired labour demand, while the age-disaggregated analysis shows that these effects benefit mostly rural youth. However, no evidence of an effect on household off-farm labour supply is found.
Welche Bedeutung hat ein globaler Aktionsplan für den Moorschutz in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland?
Which importance has a global action plan for mire conservation in Germany?
Creators: name: Trepel, Michael
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2001

description: Im Rahmen der RAMSAR-Konvention wird seit mehreren Jahren auf internationaler Ebene ein Globales Aktionsprogramm für Moore vorbereitet. Dieser Plan verfolgt das Ziel, die Bedeutung von Mooren für die Biodiversität, als Wasserspeicher und Kohlenstoffsenke globaler Stoffkreisläufe zu betonen, sowie die bislang in internationalen Vereinbarungen unterrepräsentierten Moore stärker in das internationale Blickfeld zu rücken und dadurch den Schutz, das Management und die Entwicklung nachhaltiger Nutzungsformen für Moore weltweit zu verbessern. Das Aktionsprogramm liegt gegenwärtig im Entwurf vor und ist in sieben Themen gegliedert. Diese Themenfelder werden beschrieben und die sich daraus für den Moorschutz in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ergebenden Handlungsoptionen diskutiert. Während auf Länderebene bereits zahlreiche Moorschutz- und -entwicklungskonzepte vorliegen oder in Bearbeitung sind, fehlt bislang eine nationale Moorschutzpolitik. Für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung einer solchen zwischen Bund und Ländern abgestimmten Konzeption werden dringend flächendeckende aktuelle Angaben zur Moorverbreitung, hydrogenetisch-funktionalen Klassifizierung und Bewertung auf ökologischer Basis benötigt.
description: A Global Action Plan for Peatlands (GAPP) has been prepared in the frame of the RAMSAR-Convention on several international fora during the last years. The aim of the Action Plan is to achieve recognition of the importance of peatlands to the maintenance of global biodiversity, storage of water and carbon vital to the world’s climate system, and to promote their wise use, conservation and management of natural resources for the benefit of people and the environment. The Action Plan is currently available in a draft version and is structured into seven themes. These themes are introduced and the options for an implementation of the Global Action Plan into a national mire policy are discussed. In Germany, several states base their environmental decision regarding mires and peatlands on a regional mire conservation and development concept. However, a national strategy is still missing. Most important for the development of a national action plan for mires is a nation-wide mire and peatland inventory, classification and assessment.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Bayesian Approach for Sample Selection Bias Correction in Regression
Creators: name: Mokatrin, Labeed
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Selection bias occurs when samples are self-selected rather than randomly selected from the target population. This is a well-known problem and has been extensively studied in research studies in statistics and economics. I this work, I adopt a Bayesian approach to correct sample selection bias under the self-selection setup proposed in Heckman model. Bayesian methods treat the population parameters of interest as random variables instead of unknown constants. The distributions of these random parameters are called prior distributions. Statistical inference is based on the posterior distribution, which combines information from the data and the prior. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are used for Bayesian computation of the posterior distributions. The results from the proposed Bayesian method are compared to that of Heckman's two-step estimation via various simulation studies. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted where various scenarios are considered for the simulation setup and design. Furthermore, in addition to the most common self-selection setup, the new approach is extended to handle self-selection with Binary outcome model.
Efficiency analysis for quantitative MRI of T1 and T2 relaxometry methods
Creators: name: Leitão, David
name: Teixeira, Rui Pedro A. G.
name: Price, Anthony
name: Uus, Alena
name: Hajnal, Joseph V.
name: Malik, Shaihan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This study presents a comparison of quantitative MRI methods based on an efficiency metric that quantifies their intrinsic ability to extract information about tissue parameters. Under a regime of unbiased parameter estimates, an intrinsic efficiency metric $η$ was derived for fully-sampled experiments which can be used to both optimize and compare sequences. Here we optimize and compare several steady-state and transient gradient-echo based qMRI methods, such as magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), for joint T1 and T2 mapping. The impact of undersampling was also evaluated, assuming incoherent aliasing that is treated as noise by parameter estimation. In-vivo validation of the efficiency metric was also performed. Transient methods such as MRF can be up to 3.5 times more efficient than steady-state methods, when spatial undersampling is ignored. If incoherent aliasing is treated as noise during least-squares parameter estimation, the efficiency is reduced in proportion to the SNR of the data, with reduction factors of 5 often seen for practical SNR levels. In-vivo validation showed a very good agreement between the theoretical and experimentally predicted efficiency. This work presents and validates an efficiency metric to optimize and compare the performance of qMRI methods. Transient methods were found to be intrinsically more efficient than steady-state methods, however the effect of spatial undersampling can significantly erode this advantage.
description: Submitted to Physics in Medicine and Biology
Das Forschungsprojekt: Etablierung von Sphagnum — Optimierung der Wuchsbedingungen
The research project: establishment of Sphagnum — optimising growth conditions
Creators: name: Gaudig, Greta
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2001

description: Aufgrund fehlender Alternativen für Weißtorf (schwach zersetzter Sphagnum-Torf) als Substrat im Erwerbsgartenbau und der nahezu verschwundenen Vorräte an Weißtorf in West- und Mitteleuropa wächst der wirtschaftliche Druck auf die noch existierenden wachsenden Hochmoore. Perspektivisch würden diese, ständig bedroht, nur in Schutzgebieten und schwer erschließbaren Regionen überleben. Um dieser Gefahr Einhalt zu gebieten und um den Rohstoff langfristig und dauerhaft zu sichern, erscheint die nachhaltige Kultivierung von Sphagnum als eine sinnvolle Lösung. Voruntersuchungen haben ergeben, dass mit zunehmenden Alter des Sphagnum-Materials immer mehr seiner ursprünglich gebildeten Masse verloren geht und deshalb eine möglichst frühe Ernte zu maximalen Erträgen führen würde. Ob aber Sphagnum-Frischmasse pflanzenbaulich geeignet ist oder das Material einen bestimmten Zersetzungsgrad aufweisen muss (Sphagnum-Torf), gilt es zu prüfen, bevor die für die Kultivierung geeigneten Sphagnum-Arten ausgewählt werden. Die Etablierung von Sphagnum stellt einen weiteren Schwerpunkt der Forschungen dar, deren Ergebnisse auch für die Optimierung von Renaturierungsvorhaben im Naturschutz Verwendung finden könnten. Potentielle Flächen für die Sphagnum-Kultivierung sind Seen der Bergbaufolgelandschaften der Lausitz und abgetorfte oder extensiv als Grünland genutzte Hochmoore Niedersachsens.
description: As good alternatives for slightly humified Sphagnum-peat in professional horticulture are absent and their stocks are nearly depleted in Western and Central Europe, pressure on pristine bogs increases. In the long run, these may — permanently threatened — only survive in nature reserves or in areas that are technically or commercially inaccessible. To stop these threats and to ensure a lasting and sustainable supply of the raw material, cultivation of Sphagnum seems a sensible solution. Preliminary research has shown that Sphagnum material looses more and more of its original mass with increasing age. Thus, early harvesting would maximise the crop produced. Whether the young, fresh Sphagnum material is structurally suited or whether the material needs a certain degree of decomposition has to be tested before species are chosen for cultivation. The establishment of Sphagnum constitutes a further focus in the research programme. The results may also be of use in restoration projects. Potential areas for Sphagnum cultivation are found in lakes of abandoned open mining areas of the Lausitz area (East Germany) and on the cut-over bogs of Lower Saxony (Northwest Germany).
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Bayesian Approach for Sample Selection Bias Correction in Regression
Creators: name: Mokatrin, Labeed
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 4905
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Selection bias occurs when samples are self-selected rather than randomly selected from the target population. This is a well-known problem and has been extensively studied in research studies in statistics and economics. I this work, I adopt a Bayesian approach to correct sample selection bias under the self-selection setup proposed in Heckman model. Bayesian methods treat the population parameters of interest as random variables instead of unknown constants. The distributions of these random parameters are called prior distributions. Statistical inference is based on the posterior distribution, which combines information from the data and the prior. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are used for Bayesian computation of the posterior distributions. The results from the proposed Bayesian method are compared to that of Heckman's two-step estimation via various simulation studies. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted where various scenarios are considered for the simulation setup and design. Furthermore, in addition to the most common self-selection setup, the new approach is extended to handle self-selection with Binary outcome model.
A firehose-like aperiodic instability of the counter-beaming electron plasmas
Creators: name: López, R. A.
name: Lazar, M.
name: Shaaban, S. M.
name: Poedts, S.
name: Moya, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Depending on the physical conditions involved the beam plasma systems may reveal new unstable regimes triggered by the wave instabilities of different nature. We show through linear theory and numerical simulations the existence of an aperiodic electromagnetic instability which solely develops and control the stability of two symmetric plasma populations counter-moving along the regular magnetic field with a relative drift, $v_d$, small enough to not exceed the particle thermal speed, $α_e$. Emerging at highly oblique angles this mode resembles properties of the aperiodic firehose instability driven by temperature anisotropy. The high growth rates achieved with increasing the relative drift or/and decreasing the plasma beta parameter lead to significant saturation levels of the fluctuating magnetic field power, which explain the relative fast relaxation of electrons. For $v_d>α_e$ this instability can coexist with the electrostatic two-stream instability, dominating the long-term dynamics of the plasma as soon as $v_d$ has relaxed to values smaller than the thermal speed.
description: Submitted to: Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion on Jan. 31 2020
Quantum partial teleportation as optimal cloning at a distance
Creators: name: Filip, Radim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a feasible scheme of conditional quantum partial teleportation of a qubit as optimal asymmetric cloning at a distance. In this scheme, Alice preserves one imperfect clone whereas other clone is teleported to Bob. Fidelities of the clones can be simply controlled by an asymmetry in Bell-state measurement. The optimality means that tightest inequality for the fidelities in the asymmetric cloning is saturated. Further we design a conditional teleportation as symmetric optimal N-> N+1 cloning from N Alice's replicas on single distant clone. We shortly discussed two feasible experimental implementations, first one for teleportation of polarization state of a photon and second one, for teleportation of a time-bin qubit.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Particle Dark Matter - A Theorist's Perspective
Creators: name: Roszkowski, Leszek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter is presumably made of some new, exotic particle that appears in extensions of the Standard Model. After giving a brief overview of some popular candidates, I discuss in more detail the most appealing case of the supersymmetric neutralino.
description: Invited talk at PASCOS--03, Mumbai, India
Naturschutzfachliche Bewertung der Hochmoore in Niedersachsen - Stand April 1994
Evaluation of Lower Saxony’s raised bogs from a nature’s conservation point of view - State April, 1994
Creators: name: Schmatzler, Eckhard
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1994

description: In einer naturschutzfachlichen Bewertung der 92 wichtigsten Hochmoore des Niedersächsischen Moorschutzprogramms, die aus lagerstättenkundlicher Sicht von Bedeutung sind und bisher entsprechenden Vorrang besaßen, werden auf der Basis neuer Daten, insbesondere über Flora und Fauna, Flächen mit besonderer Bedeutung für den Naturschutz ausgewiesen. Darüber hinaus werden die rechtskräftig genehmigten Abbauflächen sowie nach Genehmigungsstand ausgelaufene Abbauvorhaben erfaßt. Bei der Neubewertung der Hochmoore geht es insbesondere um die landwirtschaftlich genutzten Flächen, die im bisherigen Moorschutzprogramm nicht ausreichend in die Bewertung einbezogen waren. Ziel ist es, das schutzwürdige Hochmoorgrünland zu erhalten. Die Grundlagen der Bewertung, die Ziele des erweiterten Moorschutzes und die Flächenveränderungen gegenüber dem Moorschutzprogramm Teil I und II werden beschrieben.
description: An evaluation of the 92 most important raised bogs out of the Lower Saxonian Peatbog-Protection Programme -- following the point of view of nature’s conservation --‚ all of them registered as important for their economic importance before, on the base of new data on flora and fauna, is leading to a separation of areas out of the former ones to be expelled because of their recently defined importance for protection. Additionally, those areas which have to be left for raw materials' exploitation based on legal allowances and those where exploitation is running out have been registered. The recent evaluation of raised bogs is mainly directed to areas of agricultural use which in the existing protection programme had not been incorporated sufficiently. The aim is to preserve the grassland worthwhile for nature's protection. The basis for the evaluation, the aims of the enlarged peatland protection and the territorial changes against peatland protection programme I and II will be specified.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Ein Umweltzeichen der Europäischen Union für Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate
An eco-label from the European Union for soil improvers and growing media
Creators: name: Schmilewski, Gerald
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1994

description: Der Rat der Europäischen Gemeinschaften hat am 23. März 1992 eine "Verordnung des Rates über ein gemeinschaftliches System zur Vergabe eines Umweltzeichens" beschlossen. Das Umweltzeichen der EU soll an Produkte vergeben werden, die während ihrer gesamten Lebensdauer, d.h. von ihrer Entwicklung und Herstellung bis zum Vertrieb und der Verwendung,geringere Umweltauswirkungen als vergleichbare herkömmliche Produkte haben.
description: On March 23, 1992 a "Council Regulation on a Community Eco-label Award Scheme" was adopted by the Council of the European Communities. The EU eco-label will be awarded to products which make less of an environmental impact than competing products during their entire life cycle, including development and production as well as distribution and use.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Insulating state of granular superconductors in a strong-coupling regime
Creators: name: Beloborodov, I. S.
name: Fominov, Ya. V.
name: Lopatin, A. V.
name: Vinokur, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the possibility of the formation of a magnetic-field-induced insulating state in a two-dimensional granular superconductor with relatively strong intergranular coupling and show that such a state appears in a model with spatial variations of the single-grain critical magnetic field. This model describes realistic granular samples with the dispersion in grain sizes and explains the mechanism leading to a giant peak in the magnetoresistance.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Version 3: extended, added discussion of experiment. Final version as published in PRB
The diversification of China's higher education funding 1996-2003
Creators: name: Shen, Chen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: China has adopted diversified funding mechanisms for its HEIs. This observation becomes the point of departure of the present research: the mismatch between the socialist state ideology and the diversified funding structure of higher education in China, which grants a greater share to non-govemment resources in financing HEIs. The research sets out to analyze the funding of China's higher education and the process of its diversification. The first chapter is a brief introduction to China's higher education. The second chapter describes China's higher education reforms since later 1970s and presents the problem statement regarding the mismatch between State ideology and the funding patterns of HEIs. In Chapter 3, four theoretical hypotheses are formulated to explain the above the mismatch. Human Capital Theory: by channeling money back into public institutions from non-government sectors, the State reduces its burden to finance higher education. Resource Dependence Theory: inadequate funding for institutions and competition formed an environment in which institutions' need to seek diverse resources from non- State actors. Mass Higher Education Theory: with mass higher education, only a diversified funding scheme can sustain the expanded higher education system because public finance alone is no longer sufficient. Social Constructivism: in the current global economy, China's diversified funding scheme for higher education is shaped by global norms reflecting broader patterns of higher education restructuring despite its political ideology. Chapter 4 introduces the research methods and data of the study. The data used in this study covers the time period 1996-2003. It includes government policies and information about sources of funding for various types of HEIs. Chapter 5 reviewed China's tuition policy, Action Plans 21 for the Rejuvenation of Education, Project 211 and Project 985. The Action Plans emphasizes invigorating state economy by strengthening education. Project 211 and Project 985 are focused on building a few elite HEIs. Chapter 6 shows that non-government expenditure became the largest funding source for HEIs replacing government budget expenditure in 1999, when the Action Plans was implemented. Data also shows that national regular HEIs are given funding priority as reflected in Project 211 and Project 985. In contradiction, local regular HEIs and their students remain underfunded. In conclusion, Chapter 7 examines the four hypotheses over the backdrop of the findings. The first three theories dwell on domestic factors and fail to properly explain the mismatch between funding diversification and China's socialist ideology. Social Constructivism, with a focus on international factors, is able to account for the mismatch by claiming that global norms shape China's domestic policies and redefine the identity of the Chinese society. Chapter 8 provides insights regarding the implications of the study and reflections on future researches.
Separability criteria based on Heisenberg-Weyl representation of density matrices
Creators: name: Chang, Jingmei
name: Cui, Meiyu
name: Zhang, Tinggui
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Separability is an important problem in theory of quantum entanglement. By using the Bloch representation of quantum states in terms of the Heisenberg-Weyl observable basis, we present a new separability criterion for bipartite quantum systems. It is shown that this criterion can be better than the previous ones in detecting entanglement. The results are generalized to multipartite quantum states.
description: 5 pages
Optimal Bounds on the Trapping Constant and Permeability of Porous Media
Creators: name: Torquato, S.
name: Pham, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact expressions for so-called ``void'' bounds on the trapping constant $γ$ and fluid permeability $k$ for coated-spheres and coated-cylinders models of porous media. We find that in some cases the bounds are optimal, i.e., the void bounds coincide with the corresponding exact solutions of $γ$ and $k$ for these coated-inclusions models. In these instances, exact expressions are obtained for the relevant length scale that arises in the void bounds, which depends on a two-point correlation function that characterizes the porous medium. In contrast to bounds on the effective conductivity and elastic moduli of composite media, this is the first time that model microstructures have been found that exactly realize bounds on either the trapping constant or fluid permeability.
Planar Skyrmions at high and low density
Creators: name: Ward, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The O(3) Skyrme system in two space dimensions admits topological soliton solutions. This paper studies the transition between the high-density crystalline phase of such solitons and the low-density phase where there are multi-Skyrmions localized in space. The details depend crucially on the choice of the potential function. Two such choices are investigated: in the first system, multi-Skyrmions at low density form a ring; while in the second, there is an explicit crystal solution, and the preferred low-density configurations are chunks of this crystal. The second system is a particularly good analogue of three-dimensional Skyrmions.
description: 11 pages, 5 eps figures, minor changes
The Minuteman Corps of California: Civilian Border Patrols and the Production of Power and Difference at the Mexico-U.S. Border
Creators: name: Molina, Devin T.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: In 2005, civilian border patrols gained increased popularity with the emergence of the Minuteman Project and the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps (MCDC). Unlike other anti-immigration organizations, the Minutemen focus their efforts primarily on conducting armed civilian patrols on the U.S.-Mexico border, and to a lesser extent the U.S.-Canada border. This dissertation provides an ethnography of one such civilian border patrol--the Minuteman Corps of California (MCC)--detailing their activities, reasons for conducting armed patrols, and their developing relationship with official border policing agencies.This dissertation shows that individuals who joined the Minutemen generally did so because they experienced feelings of political disenchantment and physical and economic insecurity due to the political, economic, and cultural changes brought about by neoliberalism and transnational flows of people, ideas, and capital. Most blamed non-white immigrants from Mexico and to a lesser extent Asia and the Middle East for spreading poverty, government dependence, crime, and terrorism, and for disempowering white American voters. While the Minutemen blamed the government for failing to protect U.S. citizens from the assumed perils of immigration by people of color, in conducting armed border patrols, they also became dependent upon a responsive and cooperative state to achieve their individual and organizational goals. Lacking official police powers, civilian border patrols are dependent upon the state in ways that contradict their view of a largely indifferent and irresponsible government. In negotiating their ambivalent relationship with the state, the Minutemen adapted their tactics to more closely resemble official police efforts including wearing uniforms and increasing their violence-wielding capacity. In short, the Minutemen represent neither an extension of state authority nor a challenge to it. Instead, what we see is a process by which a group of individuals who feel disempowered by widespread political and economic processes seek to access and harness the coercive power of the state. In so doing, the Minutemen further legitimize the power of the state to define, through punitive action, who belongs and who does not within the ideological and physical boundaries of the nation. In sum, the ease with which the Minutemen have been able to adopt state policing strategies reveals decades of escalating state violence directed at migrant populations at the border. What is more, the Minutemen may also reflect a troubling development within contemporary U.S. politics: the growing belief that the sole and proper role of government is to provide physical security that is promoted and protected primarily by the police, military, and an armed citizenry.
Detection of a radio halo in the Virgo cluster
Creators: name: Vollmer, B.
name: Reich, W.
name: Wielebinski, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New Effelsberg 1.4 GHz observations of the central 10\degr x 10\degr of the Virgo cluster are presented. NVSS data are used to subtract point sources from our map. During the data reduction process special care is taken (i) to disentangle emission from the North Polar Spur from emission from the Virgo cluster, (ii) to disentangle emission from the strong M87 sidelobes from emission from the Virgo cluster, and (iii) to correct for non-linear ground emission due to the long scans. We detect a low surface brightness radio halo with a flux density of 5 +/- 1.5 Jy centered close to the elliptical galaxy M86. This halo is much weaker than that observed in the Coma cluster. It is reminiscent of a past interaction between the intracluster medium of M86 and a low density gas, belonging most probably to the Virgo cluster.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Bericht zur Fachtagung „Verwendung und Substitution von Torf – Verantwortliche Nutzung von Rohstoffen im Klimawandel“ in Fulda am 9. und 10. November 2010
Creators: name: Meiners, Olaf
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: Veranstalter dieser Fachtagung waren die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Moor- und Torfkunde sowie das Bundesamt für Naturschutz. Moore stehen im Spannungsfeld zwischen unterschiedlichen Naturschutz- und wirtschaftlichen Nutzungszielen, wobei die Öffentlichkeit aktuell dem Klimaschutz eine hohe Bedeutung beimisst. Auf wirtschaftlicher Seite ist neben der land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Nutzung von Mooren die Torfindustrie ein weiterer Nutzer. Auf dieser Fachtagung stand nunmehr der Torfabbau bzw. die Torfnutzung im Gartenbau und ihr Bezug zum Klimaschutz im Mittelpunkt der Fragestellungen.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: conference
Naturschutz und Landschaftspﬂege in Schleswig-Holsteinischen Mooren
Creators: name: Eigner, Jürgen
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1975

description: Anhand summarischer Aufstellungen und von Einzelbeispielen wird über den Natur- und Landschaftsschutz in Schleswig-Holsteinischen Hoch- und Zwischenmooren auf der Grundlage des Landschaftspflegegesetzes von 1973 berichtet. Für alle Moore besteht ein gesetzlich verankerter Schutz vor Eingriffen neben den klassischen Schutzkategorien Naturschutzgebiet und Landschaftsschutzgebiet. Beispiele veranschaulichen Interessenkonflikte zwischen Naturschutz und Torfindustrie sowie Belastungen durch Abfälle und Rationalisierung der Landwirtschaft. Die Aufgaben und Möglichkeiten landschaftspflegerischer Maßnahmen werden am Beispiel des Habitat-Management für die Birkwildhege und an Planungen zur Moor-Regeneration dargestellt.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Trade-off relations of l_1-norm coherence for multipartite systems
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhengmin
name: Zhang, Tinggui
name: Huang, Xiaofen
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the trade-off relations given by the l_1-norm coherence of general multipartite states. Explicit trade-off inequalities are derived with lower bounds given by the coherence of either bipartite or multipartite reduced density matrices. In particular, for pure three-qubit states, it is explicitly shown that the trade-off inequality is lower bounded by the three tangle of quantum entanglement.
description: 6 pages
The Minuteman Corps of California: Civilian Border Patrols and the Production of Power and Difference at the Mexico-U.S. Border
Creators: name: Molina, Devin T.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In 2005, civilian border patrols gained increased popularity with the emergence of the Minuteman Project and the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps (MCDC). Unlike other anti-immigration organizations, the Minutemen focus their efforts primarily on conducting armed civilian patrols on the U.S.-Mexico border, and to a lesser extent the U.S.-Canada border. This dissertation provides an ethnography of one such civilian border patrol--the Minuteman Corps of California (MCC)--detailing their activities, reasons for conducting armed patrols, and their developing relationship with official border policing agencies.This dissertation shows that individuals who joined the Minutemen generally did so because they experienced feelings of political disenchantment and physical and economic insecurity due to the political, economic, and cultural changes brought about by neoliberalism and transnational flows of people, ideas, and capital. Most blamed non-white immigrants from Mexico and to a lesser extent Asia and the Middle East for spreading poverty, government dependence, crime, and terrorism, and for disempowering white American voters. While the Minutemen blamed the government for failing to protect U.S. citizens from the assumed perils of immigration by people of color, in conducting armed border patrols, they also became dependent upon a responsive and cooperative state to achieve their individual and organizational goals. Lacking official police powers, civilian border patrols are dependent upon the state in ways that contradict their view of a largely indifferent and irresponsible government. In negotiating their ambivalent relationship with the state, the Minutemen adapted their tactics to more closely resemble official police efforts including wearing uniforms and increasing their violence-wielding capacity. In short, the Minutemen represent neither an extension of state authority nor a challenge to it. Instead, what we see is a process by which a group of individuals who feel disempowered by widespread political and economic processes seek to access and harness the coercive power of the state. In so doing, the Minutemen further legitimize the power of the state to define, through punitive action, who belongs and who does not within the ideological and physical boundaries of the nation. In sum, the ease with which the Minutemen have been able to adopt state policing strategies reveals decades of escalating state violence directed at migrant populations at the border. What is more, the Minutemen may also reflect a troubling development within contemporary U.S. politics: the growing belief that the sole and proper role of government is to provide physical security that is promoted and protected primarily by the police, military, and an armed citizenry.
Public Archaeology and the Northampton Slave Quarters: Community Collaboration
Creators: name: Montaperto, Kristin Marie
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4301
subject: Archaeology
classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The public has many different views and misconceptions about archaeology. Archaeologists practicing within the subfields of public and community archaeology work towards erasing these misconceptions by conducting collaborative research with descendant populations and community groups. However, this collaborative approach is not at the forefront of all archaeologists' agendas. For some archaeology projects in the United States, the pressures of completing a project on time and within budget becomes the primary focus. It is the importance of collaborative research and community engagement that form the basis of my dissertation. Using the Northampton Slave Quarters and Archaeological Park in Mitchellville, Maryland, I demonstrate the importance of collaborative research. The slave quarters of the Northampton plantation are located on a preserved half-acre parcel of land within a townhouse community in Lake Arbor. The African American descendants of those who lived and worked at Northampton have been active participants of the project since the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission's (M-NCPPC) Archaeology Program began in 1988. The M-NCPPC Archaeology Program not only collaborated with the African American descendants but actively engaged the surrounding communities through outreach projects. Starting with a base in community collaboration, cooperative education, and archaeological ethics, I demonstrate how these concepts are pertinent in archaeological research. Although I argue the Northampton Slave Quarters and Archaeological Park's primary significance revolves around the active descendants, its physical location also played a major roll in its creation. Northampton is located within Prince George's County, a majority African American county, thus they have a majority political voice. Both the descendants and County are advocates for protecting African American resources thus creating a unique situation for this archaeological park. It is through Northampton that I show how collaborative archaeological research not only created an understanding and trust between archaeologists and descendants but has sustained that relationship to this day.
Public Archaeology and the Northampton Slave Quarters: Community Collaboration
Creators: name: Montaperto, Kristin Marie
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The public has many different views and misconceptions about archaeology. Archaeologists practicing within the subfields of public and community archaeology work towards erasing these misconceptions by conducting collaborative research with descendant populations and community groups. However, this collaborative approach is not at the forefront of all archaeologists' agendas. For some archaeology projects in the United States, the pressures of completing a project on time and within budget becomes the primary focus. It is the importance of collaborative research and community engagement that form the basis of my dissertation. Using the Northampton Slave Quarters and Archaeological Park in Mitchellville, Maryland, I demonstrate the importance of collaborative research. The slave quarters of the Northampton plantation are located on a preserved half-acre parcel of land within a townhouse community in Lake Arbor. The African American descendants of those who lived and worked at Northampton have been active participants of the project since the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission's (M-NCPPC) Archaeology Program began in 1988. The M-NCPPC Archaeology Program not only collaborated with the African American descendants but actively engaged the surrounding communities through outreach projects. Starting with a base in community collaboration, cooperative education, and archaeological ethics, I demonstrate how these concepts are pertinent in archaeological research. Although I argue the Northampton Slave Quarters and Archaeological Park's primary significance revolves around the active descendants, its physical location also played a major roll in its creation. Northampton is located within Prince George's County, a majority African American county, thus they have a majority political voice. Both the descendants and County are advocates for protecting African American resources thus creating a unique situation for this archaeological park. It is through Northampton that I show how collaborative archaeological research not only created an understanding and trust between archaeologists and descendants but has sustained that relationship to this day.
Flexible One-Dimensional Metal-Insulator-Graphene Diode
Creators: name: Wang, Zhenxing
name: Uzlu, Burkay
name: Shaygan, Mehrdad
name: Otto, Martin
name: Ribeiro, Mário
name: Marín, Enrique González
name: Iannaccone, Giuseppe
name: Fiori, Gianluca
name: Elsayed, Mohamed Saeed
name: Negra, Renato
name: Neumaier, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, a novel one-dimensional geometry for metal-insulator-graphene (1D-MIG) diode with low capacitance is demonstrated. The junction of the 1D-MIG diode is formed at the 1D edge of Al2O3-encapsulated graphene with TiO2 that acts as barrier material. The diodes demonstrate ultra-high current density since the transport in the graphene and through the barrier is in plane. The geometry delivers very low capacitive coupling between the cathode and anode of the diode, which shows frequency response up to 100 GHz and ensures potential high frequency performance up to 2.4 THz. The 1D-MIG diodes are demonstrated to function uniformly and stable under bending conditions down to 6.4 mm bending radius on flexible substrate.