Blepharoneura bivittata Norrbom & Condon 2010, new species
Creators: name: Norrbom, Allen L.
name: Condon, Marty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Blepharoneura
Blepharoneura bivittata

description: Blepharoneura bivittata Norrbom & Condon, new species   
Figs. 15–16, 95, 126  
 Diagnosis. This species is among the Blepharoneura species with the apical part of the wing obliquely banded, without marginal hyaline marks in cell r2+3. It differs from the other obliquely banded species by the following combination of characters: vertex with brown spot or band surrounding medial vertical seta; scutum with pair of submedial brown vittae, uninterrupted at transverse suture; anepisternum without brown markings; pterostigma without subapical hyaline spot; cell m with 2 hyaline marks extended into cell r4+5 and connected to form inverted V-shaped mark; abdominal tergites with pair of solid dark brown vittae without yellow spots and with even medial margins, not extending to lateral margins of tergites, which are yellow. The aculeus of B. bivittata resembles those of B. brevivittata and fernandezi in having a very broad, deep medial concavity, but the part of the tip exclusive of the lateral lobes is narrower and more elongate.   
 Description. Head: Dark brown area (orange brown in 1♂) on ocellar tubercle extended half distance to or beyond postocellar seta. Medial vertical seta in ovoid orange brown to dark brown spot mostly posteromesal to seta or (Upala ♂) in broad band extended to opposite seta and connected to area on ocellar tubercle. Occipital suture narrowly dark orange to dark orange brown. Sometimes (2♂) with diffuse pale brown area including and ventral to lateral vertical seta, in 1 specimen extending along eye margin.   
Thorax (Fig. 95): Scutum nonmicrotrichose except posterior to dorsocentral seta and laterally, with pair of broad dark brown submedial vittae, in holotype extended to midway between levels of postsutural supra-alar seta and intra-alar seta, presutural part dark brown, faded to orange brown posterior to transverse suture, in males extended to posterior brown mark. Posterior margin yellow (holotype) or usually with bimodal or elongate triangular dark brown mark, in Turrialba male with sublateral vittae extending anteriorly from it. Scutellum entirely yellow (holotype) or usually with brown band or broad inverted triangular mark at level of basal seta and extended to it (weakly in 1♂), sometimes (1♂) almost divided medially. Subscutellum entirely yellow; mediotergite entirely yellow or (Turrialba ♂) brown except medial yellow vitta. Pleuron entirely yellow. Basalare entirely yellow. Dorsocentral seta aligned with or slightly posterior to postalar seta.  
Legs: Mostly to entirely yellow. Hind tibia mostly pale to moderate brown in males.  
Wing (Figs. 15–16): Length 5.10–5.40 mm, width 2.57–2.82 mm, ratio 1.91–2.00. Crossvein r-m at 0.53– 0.59 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu. Cell c sometimes (holotype, Turrialba ♂) with 2 rectangular hyaline spots, separated by narrower medial brown area; in Upala males with 1 goggles-shaped hyaline area, rounded basally and distally and narrower medially; medial brown area(s) distinctly paler than area of cell r1 posterior to pterostigma. Pterostigma without subapical hyaline spot. Cells r1 and r2+3 basally (proximal to apex of R1) without hyaline spots except sometimes (Turrialba ♂) r1 with tiny spot posterior to apex of vein Sc. Radial cells medially with tapering basal marginal hyaline mark [#5] in cell r1 and aligned spot in r2+3 [#8] forming acute triangular or inverted trapezoidal mark, usually reaching R4+5 or (holotype) extending less than halfway across r2+3; no aligned spot present in r4+5, and medial hyaline spot [#15] near anterior end of dm-cu small and faint (holotype) or absent. Distally cell r1 without hyaline spots [#6]. Cell r2+3 without marginal hyaline marks. Cell r4+5 with hyaline band from posteroapical margin, extending more or less parallel to costa into cell r2+3 to or almost to vein R2+3, slightly or not tapering anteriorly, slightly to much broader than marginal brown area. Cells m and r4+5 with inverted V-shaped mark [fusion of #26A, #26, #27, #29 plus additional spots], extending anteriorly more than halfway across r4+5 but not reaching vein R4+5, both arms reaching posterior margin in cell m. Cell br with subbasal hyaline spot [#12], minute in 1 Upala male. Cell bm with circular subbasal and subapical hyaline spots [#19, #20] or 1 large ovoid or irregular medial hyaline spot [fused #19 and #20]. Posteromedial part of wing with 2 rows of more or less aligned hyaline spots or bands, these marks usually partially fused at least posteriorly in cell dm; cell br with subapical hyaline spot [#13] only, aligned with mark in cell dm [#21]; cell dm with separate narrow oblique proximal mark [#21, #22? or #52?] and distal posteromedial spot [#24 or fused #23 and #24] (1 wing of holotype), with anteriorly narrow and posteriorly broad mark [fusion of #21, #22, #23, #24], or with broad, anteriorly bifurcate mark [fusion of #51, #52?, #21, #22, #23, #24]; cell cu1 with 2 hyaline bands, often connected medially to form H-shaped mark, proximal band [fusion of #34, #39, #32, sometimes #31?] crossing vein A1+Cu2 and aligned with proximal band or proximal part of mark in cell dm, distal band [fusion of at least #33, #36] aligned with distal spot or distal part of mark in cell dm; subapical marginal hyaline mark [#37] absent. Cell dm without subapical spot [#25].  
Abdomen: Mostly yellow. Tergites with pair of dark brown vittae, narrow in holotype but broad in males, mark on syntergite 1+2 sometimes isolated as spot or (holotype) absent, not extending to lateral margins of tergites and separated medially by broad, tapering, straight margined yellow area; brown vittae solid, without yellow spots within them; lateral margins of tergites without brown markings.  
Female terminalia: Oviscape entirely dark brown; length 0.90 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 126) 0.65 mm long, 1.7 times as long as wide, with acute scales dorsally and ventrally on membrane medially; tip flared outward basolaterally, short and broad (lobed part 0.23 times as long as wide), with broad, relatively shallow medial apical concavity (1/4 as deep as length of medial lobes and about half as broad as distance between apices of submedial lobes) and with 4 pairs of lobes; lateral lobe projecting, moderately broad and blunt, separated from sublateral lobe by deep gap; other lobes step-like, sublateral lobe slightly larger than submedial lobe. Spermathecae subspherical, neck with very short, straight, weakly sclerotized basal part, abruptly expanded to very stout, cylindrical, sclerotized part, and with large stout cylindrical basal apodeme.  
Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae separated by several times width of medial prensiseta, medial prensiseta on long lobe, lateral prensiseta as large as medial prensiseta.  
 Distribution. Low to middle elevation areas of Costa Rica and Nicaragua.   
 Type data. Holotype ♀ (USNM USNMENT00213023), NICARAGUA: Atlántico Norte: Cerro Cola Blanca, Río Las Latas, 14°04'N 84°33'W, 220 m, 2 Jun 1997, J. M. Maes & B. Hernandez. Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Upala, 20 km S of, 11–15 May 1990, F. D. Parker, 1♂ (USU USNMENT00054202); same, Jun 1990, 1♂ (USU USNMENT00213822). Cartago: Turrialba, 24 Jun 1951, O. L. Cartwright, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00213823).   
 Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective referring to the single pair of scutal vittae.   
 Remarks. The female holotype differs from the male paratypes by its lack of brown marks on the scutellum and the posterior margin of the scutum. The holotype and the Turrialba male have a more distinct and transverse medial brown spot in cell c. Rearing and study of additional specimens would be useful to test our hypothesis that these specimens are conspecific.
description: Published as part of Norrbom, Allen L. & Condon, Marty, 2010, Revision of the femoralis group of Blepharoneura Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) 2374, pp. 1-139 in Zootaxa 2374 (1) on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2374.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5315903