cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Entangled Worlds or Cultural Bifurcation?
Creators: name: Rössner, Philipp Robinson
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Der Autor untersucht die Geschichte ökonomischer Theorien über die Verursachung regionaler Differenzen und ihre Anwendung seit 1500 und fragt nach den Wegen, die solche Theorien genommen haben und nach dem Wechselverhältnis mit den unterschiedlichen Kontexten in Asien und Europa. Damit wird ein Rahmen entfaltet, der es erlaubt, die Dynamik des Verhältnisses von wirtschaftlichen Ideen und Akteuren sichtbar zu machen und weiter zurückzuschauen, wenn es um die Ursprünge der Great Divergence geht. Der Autor kritisiert den häufig sehr engen Blickwinkel, den Ökonomen und Wirtschaftshistoriker nutzen, um globale Unterschiede und wirtschaftliches Wachstum zu erklären. Dies führe dazu, dass die Divergence als eine Anomalie der Zeit ab 1750 gesehen wird. Dabei wird jedoch das Wie mit dem Warum verwechselt und eine unterkomplexe Erklärung der angenommenen Kausalitäten geliefert. Stattdessen plädiert der Beitrag dafür, die Verwurzelung der Unterschiede im Verhältnis der Menschen zur Wirtschaft und in ihrer Wahrnehmung der kosmologischen Ordnung zu sehen. Er sieht das beginnende 1. Jahrhundert als den Zeitpunkt, an dem sich in Europa die Weltwahrnehmung zu ändern begann und sich damit Ideen eines modernen Kapitalismus ausbreiten konnten. An die Stelle einer auf die Vergangenheit gerichteten Zeitwahrnehmung trat nun die Idee einer offenen und steuerbaren Zukunft, woraus Hume und Smith wirtschaftstheoretische Konsequenzen ableiteten. Ideen, die in China prominent waren, wie etwa das Stabilität und Nichteinmischung verheißende wu-wei, wurden in Europa durchaus rezipiert, aber in der bald entstehenden Praxis hochinterventionistischer Wirtschaftspolitiken bald völlig anders interpretiert. Dazu kam es offensichtlich in China aus einer ganzen Reihe von Gründen nicht.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 3 (2016): The Great Divergence Revisited
Gravity Governs Shear Localization in Confined Dense Granular Flows
Creators: name: Shaebani, M Reza
name: Török, János
name: Maleki, Maniya
name: Madani, Mahnoush
name: Harrington, Matt
name: Rice, Allyson
name: Losert, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Prediction of flow profiles of slowly sheared granular materials is a major geophysical and industrial challenge. Understanding the role of gravity is particularly important for future planetary exploration in varying gravitational environments. Using the principle of minimization of energy dissipation, and combining experiments and variational analysis, we disentangle the contributions of the gravitational acceleration and confining pressure on shear strain localization induced by moving fault boundaries at the bottom of a granular layer. The flow profile is independent of the gravity for geometries with a free top surface. However, under a confining pressure or if the sheared layer withstands the weight of the upper layers, increasing gravity promotes the transition from closed shear zones buried in the bulk to open ones that intersect the top surface. We show that the center position and width of the shear zone and the axial angular velocity at the top surface follow universal scaling laws when properly scaled by the gravity, applied pressure, and layer thickness. Our finding that the flow profiles lie on a universal master curve opens the possibility to predict the quasistatic shear flow of granular materials in extraterrestrial environments.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Preconditioning for a pressure-robust HDG discretization of the Stokes equations
Creators: name: Rhebergen, Sander
name: Wells, Garth N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65F08, 65N30, 76D07

description: We introduce a new preconditioner for a recently developed pressure-robust hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) finite element discretization of the Stokes equations. A feature of HDG methods is the straightforward elimination of degrees-of-freedom defined on the interior of an element. In our previous work (J. Sci. Comput., 77(3):1936--1952, 2018) we introduced a preconditioner for the case in which only the degrees-of-freedom associated with the element velocity were eliminated via static condensation. In this work we introduce a preconditioner for the statically condensed system in which the element pressure degrees-of-freedom are also eliminated. In doing so the number of globally coupled degrees-of-freedom are reduced, but at the expense of a more difficult problem to analyse. We will show, however, that the Schur complement of the statically condensed system is spectrally equivalent to a simple trace pressure mass matrix. This result is used to formulate a new, provably optimal preconditioner. Through numerical examples in two- and three-dimensions we show that the new preconditioned iterative method converges in fewer iterations, has superior conservation properties for inexact solves, and is faster in CPU time when compared to our previous preconditioner.
AGN Accretion Discs
Creators: name: Lasota, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present the elements of accretion-disc physics applied to active galactic nuclei. The accretion driving mechanisms are discussed, then models of geometrically-thin discs, both stationary and time-dependent, are addressed. Disc's self-gravitation in the AGN context is presented. The shapes of spectral line from accretion discs are explained in both newtonian and relativistic cases. The physics of disc's thermal and viscous instabilities is dicussed in detail and models are applied to AGN discs. Finally, the problems of thick accretion flows (ADAFs and slim discs), disc coronae, winds and jets are discussed in some detail. This is a graduate-student level lecture, not a review article
description: Updated version of Chapter 3 in "Active Galactic Nuclei"; F. Combes ed.; iSTE/Wiley 2022; DOI:10.1002/9781394163724. One figure (Fig. 2.) and several references added. A graduate-student level lecture on accretion discs in active galactic nuclei, not a review article. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1505.02172. Equations 125 and 126 corrected
Spirals in protoplanetary disks from photon travel time
Creators: name: Kama, M.
name: Pinilla, P.
name: Heays, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spiral structures are a common feature in scattered-light images of protoplanetary disks, and of great interest as possible tracers of the presence of planets. However, other mechanisms have been put foward to explain them, including self-gravity, disk-envelope interactions, and dead zone boundaries. These mechanisms explain many spirals very well, but are unable to easily account for very loosely wound spirals and single spiral arms. We study the effect of light travel time on the shape of a shadow cast by a clump orbiting close (within ${\sim}1\,$au) of the central star, where there can be significant orbital motion during the light travel time from the clump to the outer disk and then to the sky plane. This delay in light rays reaching the sky plane gives rise to a variety of spiral- and arc-shaped shadows, which we describe with a general fitting formula for a flared, inclined disk.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters. Videos available at dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/3526708/spiralmovies.zip
Decline or Deindustrialization?
Creators: name: Christ, Georg
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Die Auffassung von einem Niedergang der spätmittelalterlichen Industrien in Ägypten und Syrien wurde kritisiert und es wurde vorgeschlagen, die beobachteten Entwicklungen als Transformation zu interpretieren. Dieser Beitrag schlägt einen Vergleich vor: Ägypten und Syrien deindustrialisierten sich als Teil einer zentralisierten, bürokratischen Wissensgesellschaft. Das kann mit guten Gründen als erfolgreiche Anpassung gewertet werden, doch die Levante verlor dabei ihre wirtschaftliche Vormachtstellung im industriellen Bereich. Die Juniorpartner in Europa, wohin die Produktion gleichsam ausgelagert wurde, übernahmen zunehmend die Führung. Diese Sichtweise maßt sich nicht an, die bestehenden Erklärungsansätze zu ersetzen, sondern will diese höchstens mit einen Beitrag zur Debatte ergänzen und dabei zum Nachdenken über unsere eigenen postindustriellen Gesellschaften einladen. Indem der Beitrag neben dem Europa-Ostasien-Vergleich auch auf den Vergleich zwischen Westeuropa und der islamisch geprägten Levante im späten Mittelalter eingeht, lässt sich neben relativ selbständigen Entwicklungspfaden vor allem auch die Interaktion und wechselseitige Prägung zwischen verschiedenen Wachstumsmodellen erkennen.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 3 (2016): The Great Divergence Revisited
A conforming sliding mesh technique for an embedded-hybridized discontinuous Galerkin discretization for fluid-rigid body interaction
Creators: name: Horvath, Tamas L.
name: Rhebergen, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In (J. Comput. Phys., 417, 109577, 2020) we introduced a space-time embedded-hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on time-dependent domains of which the motion of the domain is prescribed. This discretization is exactly mass conserving, locally momentum conserving, and energy-stable. In this manuscript we extend this discretization to fluid-rigid body interaction problems in which the motion of the fluid domain is not known a priori. To account for large rotational motion of the rigid body, we present a novel conforming space-time sliding mesh technique. We demonstrate the performance of the discretization on various numerical examples.
The Great Divergence Debate
Creators: name: Middell, Matthias
name: Rössner, Philipp Robinson
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Die Einleitung dieses Themenheftes, das die seit dem Buch von Kenneth Pomeranz populäre Denkfigur der Great Divergence kritisch betrachtet, rekonstruiert die Debatten um die unterschiedliche ökonomische Performance Westeuropas und Ostasiens nach 1800 als zentrale Auseinandersetzung in der wirtschaftshistorischen Literatur und in allgemeineren globalhistorischen Interpretationen und fragt nach den Möglichkeiten, einen allzu engen Fokus auf den Vergleich zwischen China und England zu überwinden. Die Erweiterung der Debatte auf eine größere Zahl von Fällen bietet ebenso die Möglichkeit zur methodischen Weiterentwicklung wie die Einbeziehung einer Kulturgeschichte des ökonomischen Denkens, die vermeidet, dass in anachronistischer Weise Konzepte des 20. Jahrhunderts auf die Zeit vor 1800 projiziert werden. Damit entsteht, wie auch in den Beiträgen dieses Themenheftes argumentiert wird, die Gelegenheit zu einer reziproken Komparatistik mit einer Fallzahl größer als zwei, die überhaupt erst die Falsifizierbarkeit von Aussagen in diesem Vergleich möglich werden lässt.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 3 (2016): The Great Divergence Revisited
Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars III. Effect of the initial helium spread on the position of stars in a synthetic Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
Creators: name: Chantereau, William
name: Charbonnel, Corinne
name: Meynet, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Globular clusters host multiple populations of long-lived low-mass stars whose origin remains an open question. Several scenarios have been proposed to explain the associated photometric and spectroscopic peculiarities. They differ, for instance, in the maximum helium enrichment they predict for stars of the second population, which these stars can inherit at birth as the result of the internal pollution of the cluster by different types of stars of the first population. Aims. We present the distribution of helium-rich stars in present-day globular clusters as it is expected in the original framework of the fast-rotating massive stars scenario (FRMS) as first-population polluters. We focus on NGC 6752. (to be continued)
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Hilbert points in Hardy spaces
Creators: name: Brevig, Ole Fredrik
name: Ortega-Cerdà, Joaquim
name: Seip, Kristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A Hilbert point in $H^p(\mathbb{T}^d)$, for $d\geq1$ and $1\leq p \leq \infty$, is a nontrivial function $φ$ in $H^p(\mathbb{T}^d)$ such that $\| φ\|_{H^p(\mathbb{T}^d)} \leq \|φ+ f\|_{H^p(\mathbb{T}^d)}$ whenever $f$ is in $H^p(\mathbb{T}^d)$ and orthogonal to $φ$ in the usual $L^2$ sense. When $p\neq 2$, $φ$ is a Hilbert point in $H^p(\mathbb{T})$ if and only if $φ$ is a nonzero multiple of an inner function. An inner function on $\mathbb{T}^d$ is a Hilbert point in any of the spaces $H^p(\mathbb{T}^d)$, but there are other Hilbert points as well when $d\geq 2$. We investigate the case of $1$-homogeneous polynomials in depth and obtain as a byproduct a new proof of the sharp Khintchin inequality for Steinhaus variables in the range $24$ but only numerically for $1\leq p<4$.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in Algebra and Analysis
Die westdeutschen Juristen und der Nürnberger Juristenprozess:
Creators: name: Le Bouëdec, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: This contribution analyses opinions of as well as about the process against the judges and lawyers at Nuremberg in 97 by promoting two perspectives. On the one hand, the central focus lies on the direct perception of the verdicts by the professional audience. The main sources for this study are judicial journals of the time and transcripts of judicial conferences. By analysing such discourses in a more differentiated manner (e.g. the famous essay by Gustav Radbruch), one can gain a deeper insight into its complexity. On the other hand, the perception of these discourses are placed into the larger context of the jurists’ self-positioning and professional ethos. It becomes clear that the feeling of social exclusivity and the traditional professional ethos, which was already well developed during the time of the Weimar Republic, greatly hindered a (self-)critical view towards the position of the legal profession under the Nazi regime.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 4 (2016): The Nuremberg Trials. New Perspectives on the Professions
Spatio-Temporal Steering for Testing Nonclassical Correlations in Quantum Networks
Creators: name: Chen, Shin-Liang
name: Lambert, Neill
name: Li, Che-Ming
name: Chen, Guang-Yin
name: Chen, Yueh-Nan
name: Miranowicz, Adam
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of spatio-temporal steering (STS), which reduces, in special cases, to Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering and the recently-introduced temporal steering. We describe two measures of this effect referred to as the STS weight and robustness. We suggest that these STS measures enable a new way to assess nonclassical correlations in an open quantum network, such as quantum transport through nano-structures or excitation transfer in a complex biological system. As one of our examples, we apply STS to check nonclassical correlations among sites in a photosynthetic pigment-protein complex in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson model.
The Justice Case in Nuremberg:
Creators: name: Halpérin, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Der Band aus der „Grünen Reihe“ der Dokumentenbände, der den Nürnberger Prozessen gewidmet ist, kann als ein Stück Rechtsgeschichte gelesen werden, welches die rechtliche Argumentation aufzeigt, die von den Staatsanwälten und von der Verteidigung angewendet wurde. Solch eine Untersuchung kann erklären, warum die amerikanische Staatsanwaltschaft nicht alle Konsequenzen der tiefen Verstrickung des Juristenstands in das NS-Regime aufgezeigt hat und wie die Verteidigung verschiedene Argumente nutzen konnte, um die Angeklagten zu entlasten und ihre Verantwortung abzuschwächen. Ohne dass es zu einer Solidarisierung zwischen den amerikanischen und deutschen Juristen gekommen wäre, vertiefte der Prozess gegen die Juristen den falschen Eindruck, dass Juristen eher Opfer als Mittäter des Naziterrors gewesen sind.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 4 (2016): The Nuremberg Trials. New Perspectives on the Professions
Prosecutorial Strategies and Opening Statements:
Creators: name: Levi, Ron
name: Dezalay, Sara
name: Amiraslani, Michael
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Forschung über das internationale Strafrecht fokussiert für gewöhnlich auf strategische Entscheidungen der Ankläger, die die Aufnahme von Ermittlungen, die Kompetenz der Staatsanwaltschaft und den Geltungsbereich der juristischen Verfolgung von Kriegsverbrechen betreffen. Darüber hinaus gibt es wenig Erkenntnisse darüber, wie Strafverfolgungen innerhalb der internationalen Strafgerichtsbarkeit begründet werden. Auf der Grundlage der Anklageeröffnungen von vier Chefanklägern des Internationalen Militärgerichtshofes in Nürnberg sowie der Eröffnungsreden dreier Fälle vor dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof untersucht dieser Beitrag die Bandbreite der Begründungen, die Strafverfolger in internationalen Strafgerichtsprozessen heranziehen. So ist zu erkennen, dass die Ankläger in Nürnberg auf eine Vielzahl von Begründungen aufbauten, während sich die Anwälte des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes auf ein engeres System an Begründungen beriefen. Darüber hinaus zeigen Interviews, dass die Ankläger beider Gerichte jeweils geopolitischen Parametern unterworfen waren und dass die Nürnberger Ankläger sich auf stärker ausformulierte Rechtsbegründungen stützen konnten als die Ankläger des Strafgerichtshofes.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 4 (2016): The Nuremberg Trials. New Perspectives on the Professions
Quel rôle pour Franz Leopold Neumann en amont et en aval du Procès militaire international de Nuremberg ?
Creators: name: Pratt, Valéry
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Wir wissen, dass Franz Leopold Neumann, Autor des Behemoth – Struktur und Praxis des Nationalsozialismus, schon 92 wegen seiner außergewöhnlichen Analyse des NS-Deutschland von den amerikanischen Geheimdiensten rekrutiert wurde. Er stand daher in der Vorbereitung des internationalen Militärgerichtsprozesses von amerikanischer Seite an vorderster Stelle. Aber seine Rolle ist kaum bekannt und schwer zu fassen. Wir versuchen, im Rahmen des Möglichen – u. a. sind noch nicht alle Archive zugänglich – seine Rolle und seinen Einfluss zu präzisieren und insbesondere Neumann gegenüber denen zu rehabilitieren, die ihm jüngst vorwarfen, die Ausmaße des Antisemitismus im NS-System negiert zu haben. Dafür muss man Neumanns Aufmerksamkeit für die historische Bedeutung des Nürnberger Prozesses Ende der 90er Jahre berücksichtigen, als er an der Erneuerung des Universitätslebens in Deutschland mitwirkte.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 4 (2016): The Nuremberg Trials. New Perspectives on the Professions
Nanoscale Imaging of Super-High-Frequency Microelectromechanical Resonators with Femtometer Sensitivity
Creators: name: Lee, Daehun
name: Jahanbani, Shahin
name: Kramer, Jack
name: Lu, Ruochen
name: Lai, Keji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Implementing microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators calls for detailed microscopic understanding of the devices, such as energy dissipation channels, spurious modes, and imperfections from microfabrication. Here, we report the nanoscale imaging of a freestanding super-high-frequency (3 ~ 30 GHz) lateral overtone bulk acoustic resonator with unprecedented spatial resolution and displacement sensitivity. Using transmission-mode microwave impedance microscopy, we have visualized mode profiles of individual overtones and analyzed higher-order transverse spurious modes and anchor loss. The integrated TMIM signals are in good agreement with the stored mechanical energy in the resonator. Quantitative analysis with finite-element modeling shows that the noise floor is equivalent to an in-plane displacement of 10 fm/sqrt(Hz) at room temperatures, which can be further improved under cryogenic environments. Our work contributes to the design and characterization of MEMS resonators with better performance for telecommunication, sensing, and quantum information science applications.
description: 19 pages, 6 Figures
Indirect Detection Constraints on s and t Channel Simplified Models of Dark Matter
Creators: name: Carpenter, Linda M.
name: Colburn, Russell
name: Goodman, Jessica
name: Linden, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent Fermi-LAT observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Milky Way have placed strong limits on the gamma-ray flux from dark matter annihilation. In order to produce the strongest limit on the dark matter annihilation cross-section, the observations of each dwarf galaxy have typically been "stacked" in a joint-likelihood analysis, utilizing optical observations to constrain the dark matter density profile in each dwarf. These limits have typically been computed only for singular annihilation final states, such as $b\bar{b}$ or $τ^+τ^-$. In this paper, we generalize this approach by producing an independent joint-likelihood analysis to set constraints on models where the dark matter particle annihilates to multiple final state fermions. We interpret these results in the context of the most popular simplified models, including those with s- and t-channel dark matter annihilation through scalar and vector mediators. We present our results as constraints on the minimum dark matter mass and the mediator sector parameters. Additionally, we compare our simplified model results to those of Effective Field Theory contact interactions in the high-mass limit.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
Interpreting at the main Nuremberg Trial (1945–1946) and its Impact on Conference Interpreters’ Professionalization
Creators: name: Baigorri-Jalón, Jesús
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Der Beitrag untersucht die Rolle der Nürnberger Prozesse für die Professionalisierung von Dolmetschern auf internationalen Konferenzen. Die Entscheidung der Alliierten zur Strafverfolgung von NS-Kriegsverbrechern erforderte das erste Mal in der Geschichte den umfassenden und lang andauernden Einsatz von Simultanübersetzung. Das große internationale Interesse an dem Tribunal und die Notwendigkeit, die simultane mündliche Übersetzung von Ansprachen, Aussagen und Gerichtsdokumenten in die vier offiziellen Gerichtssprachen zu gewährleisten, schärfte bei Nutzern, Berichterstattern und Übersetzern gleichermaßen den Blick für die gewachsenen Anforderungen an Übersetzungen. Die Nürnberger Prozesse wurden damit ungewollt zu einer Ausbildungsstätte für Übersetzer, da die Mehrzahl von ihnen ihre Kenntnisse während ihrer Tätigkeit in Nürnberg erwarben, und verhalfen der Simultanübersetzung zum Durchbruch, was sich auch darin zeigt, dass die Vereinten Nationen sie unmittelbar im Anschluss übernahmen. Dieser Prozess ging mit einer steigenden Zahl weiblicher Übersetzer einher, worin sich bereits die spätere Feminisierung des Berufs ankündigt.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 4 (2016): The Nuremberg Trials. New Perspectives on the Professions
High School Enrollment Choices -- Understanding the STEM Gender Gap
Creators: name: Corrigan, Eamonn
name: Williams, Martin
name: Wells, Mary A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Students' high school decisions will always impact efforts to achieve gender parity in STEM at the university level and beyond. Without a comprehensive understanding of gendered disparities in high school course selection, it will be impossible to close completely the gender gap in many STEM disciplines. This study examines eleven years of detailed administrative data to determine gendered enrolment trends in university-stream secondary school STEM courses. Male and female enrolments for all publicly funded secondary schools across the province of Ontario (N = 844) were tracked from the 2007/08 academic year to 2017/18. The data reveal a clear trend of growing enrolment in STEM disciplines, with the increase in female students continuing their STEM education significantly outpacing males in almost all courses. However, these results also demonstrate the disparities that persist across STEM disciplines. The existing gender gap in physics remains large - in 2018, the median grade 12 physics class was only $36.5\pm0.05%$ female - with virtually no progress having been made to close this gap. By tracking individual student cohorts, we also demonstrate a newly discovered result showing the continuation rate of male students in biology stream courses has experienced a precipitous drop-off. The proportion of male students continuing from grade 10 science to grade 12 biology two years later has seen an average yearly decline of $-0.44\pm0.08$ percentage points, potentially foreshadowing the emergence of another significant gender gap in STEM. We suggest that researchers and educators cease treating STEM as a monolith when addressing gender disparities, as doing so obscures significant differences between disciplines. Future efforts, particularly those aimed to support women in STEM, must instead adopt a more targeted approach to ensure that they solve existing problems without creating new ones.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Future communications systems in an Australian business organization, 1972 to 2000 A.D.
Creators: name: Link, Peter L.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Dénoncer les crimes du nazisme:
Creators: name: Gemählich, Matthias
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Zusammensetzung der französischen Anklage vor dem internationalen Militärtribunal in Nürnberg. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass fast alle französischen Ankläger in dem Prozess gegen die Hauptverantwortlichen der deutschen Kriegsverbrechen bewährte Richter oder Staatsanwälte ihres Landes waren, geht es um die Maßstäbe, nach denen sie vom französischen Justizministerium ausgewählt wurden. Es werden außerdem die persönlichen Motivationen behandelt, die hinter der Bereitschaft standen, am Militärtribunal teilzunehmen. Mehr noch, es soll nachgewiesen werden, dass der biographische und berufliche Hintergrund der Verteidiger einen direkten Einfluss auf ihre Argumentation während des Prozesses hatte. Diese Faktoren müssen berücksichtigt werden, wenn man die Debatten der Alliierten in Nürnberg verstehen will, z. B. bezüglich der Frage einer deutschen Kollektivschuld.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 4 (2016): The Nuremberg Trials. New Perspectives on the Professions
Building Blocks of the Milky Way's Accreted Spheroid
Creators: name: van Oirschot, Pim
name: Starkenburg, Else
name: Helmi, Amina
name: Nelemans, Gijs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the $Λ$CDM model of structure formation, a stellar spheroid grows by the assembly of smaller galaxies, the so-called building blocks. Combining the Munich-Groningen semi-analytical model of galaxy formation with the high resolution Aquarius simulations of dark matter haloes, we study the assembly history of the stellar spheroids of six Milky Way-mass galaxies, focussing on building block properties such as mass, age and metallicity. These properties are compared to those of the surviving satellites in the same models. We find that the building blocks have higher star formation rates on average, and this is especially the case for the more massive objects. At high redshift these dominate in star formation over the satellites, whose star formation timescales are longer on average. These differences ought to result in a larger $α$-element enhancement from Type II supernovae in the building blocks (compared to the satellites) by the time Type Ia supernovae would start to enrich them in iron, explaining the observational trends. Interestingly, there are some variations in the star formation timescales of the building blocks amongst the simulated haloes, indicating that [$α$/Fe] abundances in spheroids of other galaxies might differ from those in our own Milky Way.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A partial uniqueness result and an asymptotically sharp nonuniqueness result for the Zhikov problem on the torus
Creators: name: Cieślak, Tomasz
name: Ożański, Wojciech S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the stationary diffusion equation $-\mathrm{div} (\nabla u + bu )=f$ in $n$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^n$, where $f\in H^{-1}$ is a given forcing and $b\in L^p$ is a divergence-free drift. Zhikov (Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen., 2004) considered this equation in the case of a bounded, Lipschitz domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$, and proved existence of solutions for $b\in L^{2n/(n+2)}$, uniqueness for $b\in L^2$, and has provided a point-singularity counterexample that shows nonuniqueness for $b\in L^{3/2-}$ and $n=3,4,5$. We apply a duality method and a DiPerna-Lions-type estimate to show uniqueness of the solutions constructed by Zhikov for $b\in W^{1,1}$. We use a Nash iteration to demonstrate sharpness of this result, and also show that solutions in $H^1\cap L^{p/(p-1)}$ are flexible for $b\in L^p$, $p\in [1,2(n-1)/(n+1))$; namely we show that the set of $b\in L^p$ for which nonuniqueness in the class $H^1\cap L^{p/(p-1)}$ occurs is dense in the divergence-free subspace of $L^p$.
description: 16 pages
A transiting brown dwarf in a 2 hour orbit
Creators: name: El-Badry, Kareem
name: Burdge, Kevin B.
name: van Roestel, Jan
name: Rodriguez, Antonio C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of ZTF J2020+5033, a high-mass brown dwarf (BD) transiting a low-mass star with an orbital period of 1.90 hours. Phase-resolved spectroscopy, optical and infrared light curves, and precise astrometry from Gaia allow us to constrain the masses, radii, and temperatures of both components with few-percent precision. We infer a BD mass of $M_{\rm BD} = 80.1\pm 1.6\,M_{\rm J}$, almost exactly at the stellar/substellar boundary, and a moderately inflated radius, $R_{\rm BD} = 1.05\pm 0.02\,R_{\rm J}$. The transiting object's temperature, $T_{\rm eff}\approx 1700\,\rm K$, is well-constrained by the depth of the infrared secondary eclipse and strongly suggests it is a BD. The system's high tangential velocity ($v_\perp = 98\,\rm km\,s^{-1}$) and thick disk-like Galactic orbit imply the binary is old; its close distance ($d\approx 140$ pc) suggests that BDs in short-period orbits are relatively common. ZTF J2020+5033 is the shortest-period known transiting BD by more than a factor of 7. Today, the entire binary would comfortably fit inside the Sun. However, both components must have been considerably larger in youth, implying that the orbit has shrunk by at least a factor of $\sim 5$ since formation. The simplest explanation is that magnetic braking continues to operate efficiently in at least some low-mass stars and BDs.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. Accepted to OJA
Antiferromagnetic spin cantings as a driving force of ferroelectricity in multiferroic Cu2OSeO3
Creators: name: Chizhikov, Viacheslav A.
name: Dmitrienko, Vladimir E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroelectric properties of cubic chiral magnet Cu2OSeO3 can emerge due to the spin noncollinearity induced by antiferromagnetic cantings. These cantings are the result of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and in many ways similar to the ferromagnetic cantings in weak ferromagnets. An expression for the local electric polarization is derived, including terms with gradients of magnetization M(r). When averaged over the crystal the electric polarization has a non-vanishing part associated with the anisotropy of the crystal point group 23. In the framework of the microscopic theory, it is shown that both scalar and vector products of spins, (s1 . s2) and [s1 x s2], can give contributions of the same order in the electric polarization.
Die Nürnberger Prozesse.
Creators: name: Mouralis, Guillaume
name: Vincent, Marie-Bénédicte
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Based upon findings in social history and the sociology of professions, this thematic issue presents a new approach to the Nuremberg trials. We advance, in particular, two perspectives that have not been previously looked at. Some contributions take a closer look at the staff members who ran the legal and administrative clean-up procedures in occupied Germany, and, related to that, at the formation of new transnational expert fields. Other contributions analyse the professional cultures that have dramatically changed during and after the Second World War.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 4 (2016): The Nuremberg Trials. New Perspectives on the Professions
Credit allocation based on journal impact factor and coauthorship contribution
Creators: name: Contreras-Reyes, Javier E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Some research institutions demand researchers to distribute the incomes they earn from publishing papers to their researchers and/or co-authors. In this study, we deal with the Impact Factor-based ranking journal as a criteria for the correct distribution of these incomes. We also include the Authorship Credit factor for distribution of the incomes among authors, using the geometric progression of Cantor's theory and the Harmonic Credit Index. Depending on the ranking of the journal, the proposed model develops a proper publication credit allocation among all authors. Moreover, our tool can be deployed in the evaluation of an institution for a funding program, as well as calculating the amounts necessary to incentivize research among personnel.
description: 9 pages; 3 figures; 2 tables
Parabolic opers and differential operators
Creators: name: Biswas, Indranil
name: Borne, Niels
name: Dumitrescu, Sorin
name: Heller, Sebastian
name: Pauly, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parabolic SL(r,C)-opers were defined and investigated in [BDP] in the set-up of vector bundles on curves with a parabolic structure over a divisor. Here we introduce and study holomorphic differential operators between parabolic vector bundles over curves. We consider the parabolic SL(r,C)-opers on a Riemann surface X with given singular divisor S and with fixed parabolic weights satisfying the condition that all parabolic weights at any point $x_i$ in S are integral multiples of $\frac{1}{2N_i+1}$, where $N_i > 1$ are fixed integers. We prove that this space of opers is canonically identified with the affine space of holomorphic differential operators of order r between two natural parabolic line bundles on X (depending only on the divisor S and the weights $N_i$) satisfying the conditions that the principal symbol of the differential operators is the constant function 1 and the sub-principal symbol vanishes identically. The vanishing of the sub-principal symbol ensures that the logarithmic connection on the rank r bundle is actually a logarithmic SL(r, C)-connection.
description: Final version accepted for publication in Journal of Geometry and Physics
Quantitative transfer of regularity of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations from $\mathbb{R}^3$ to the case of a bounded domain
Creators: name: Ożański, Wojciech S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $u_0\in C_0^5 ( B_{R_0})$ be divergence-free and suppose that $u$ is a strong solution of the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on $[0,T]$ in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^3$ such that $\| u \|_{L^\infty ((0,T);H^5 (\mathbb{R}^3 ))} + \| u \|_{L^\infty ((0,T);W^{5,\infty }(\mathbb{R}^3 ))} \leq M <\infty$. We show that then there exists a unique strong solution $w$ to the problem posed on $B_R$ with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, with the same initial data and on the same time interval for $R\geq \max(1+R_0, C(a) C(M)^{1/a} \exp ({CM^4T/a})) )$ for any $a\in [0,3/2)$, and we give quantitative estimates on $u-w$ and the corresponding pressure functions.
description: 16 pages
Constraining the global heliospheric transport of galactic cosmic rays in solar cycles 23 and 24
Creators: name: Corti, Claudio
name: Sadowski, Peter
name: Nikonov, Nikolay
name: Potgieter, Marius
name: Bindi, Veronica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are affected by solar modulation while they propagate through the heliosphere. The study of the time variation of GCR spectra observed at Earth can shed light on the underlying physical processes, specifically diffusion and particle drifts. We combine a state-of-the art 3D numerical model of GCR transport in the heliosphere with a neural-network-accelerated Markov chain Monte Carlo to constrain the rigidity and time dependence of the global transport coefficients, using precise GCR data from the PAMELA and AMS-02 experiments between 2006 and 2019.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Proceeding of the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC23). Fixed typos in last paragraph
Local-in-time existence of free-surface 3D Euler flow with $H^{2+δ}$ initial vorticity in a neighborhood of the free boundary
Creators: name: Kukavica, Igor
name: Ożański, Wojciech S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the three-dimensional Euler equations in a domain with a free boundary with no surface tension. We assume that $u_0 \in H^{2.5+δ}$ is such that $\mathrm{curl}\,u_0 \in H^{2+δ}$ in an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the free boundary, and we use Lagrangian approach to derive an a~priori estimate that can be used to prove local-in-time existence and uniqueness of solutions under the Rayleigh-Taylor stability condition.
description: 16 pages
Stability and Dynamics of Many-Body Localized Systems Coupled to Small Bath
Creators: name: Chiew, Shao-Hen
name: Gong, Jiangbin
name: Kwek, Leong-Chuan
name: Lee, Chee-Kong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that strong disorder in closed quantum systems leads to many-body localization (MBL), and that this quantum phase can be destroyed by coupling to an infinitely large Markovian environment. However, the stability of the MBL phase is less clear when the system and environment are of finite and comparable size. Here, we study the stability and eventual localization properties of a disordered Heisenberg spin chain coupled to a finite environment, and extensively explore the effects of environment disorder, geometry, initial state and system-bath coupling strength. By studying the non-equilibrium dynamics and the eventual steady-state properties of different initial states, our numerical results indicate that in most cases, the system retains its localization properties despite the coupling to the finite environment, albeit to a reduced extent. However, in cases where the system and environment is strongly coupled in the ladder configuration, the eventual localization properties are highly dependent on the initial state, and could lead to either thermalization or localization.
Stabilizer codes for Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Pereira, Francisco Revson F.
name: Mancini, Stefano
name: La Guardia, Giuliano G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Lindblad master equation describes the evolution of a large variety of open quantum systems. An important property of some open quantum systems is the existence of decoherence-free subspaces. A quantum state from a decoherence-free subspace will evolve unitarily. However, there is no procedural and optimal method for constructing a decoherence-free subspace. In this paper, we develop tools for constructing decoherence-free stabilizer codes for open quantum systems governed by Lindblad master equation. This is done by pursuing an extension of the stabilizer formalism beyond the celebrated group structure of Pauli error operators. We then show how to utilize decoherence-free stabilizer codes in quantum metrology in order to attain the Heisenberg limit scaling with low computational complexity.
Contract tendering in a construction company : a Markov decision model
Creators: name: Crossley, Ian R.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Affah.pdf
Creators: name: Raman, Arumugam
name: Affah Mohd Apandi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Studies have found that the use of blended learning in teaching and learning can improve the quality of education. In this regard, the acceptance of blended learning is considered critical in determining the success of the technology implementation. However, the number of studies that have been conducted to examine the acceptance of blended learning has largely focused on student’s perceptions of blended learning. Few researches have considered teachers’ perceptions as an important element in blended learning especially in Higher Education Institutions. It is questionable whether the technology acceptance models that have been previously developed can be used to examine the acceptance of blended learning by teachers in educational sector. Questions are also raised to the idea that perhaps there may be other factors that play important roles in this context. This concept paper investigates the influencing factors that affecting the adoption of blended learning based on UTAUT2 and TPaCK. A comprehensive understanding of this new framework can assist decision makers to identify the reasons for the acceptance or resistance of blended learning among teachers in the future and support them to enhance the acceptance and usage.
International Relations Meets History:
Creators: name: Dykmann, Klaas
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Der Aufsatz plädiert dafür, die übliche Kombination von Ansätzen aus der Öffentlichen Verwaltungslehre und den Internationalen Beziehungen in der Untersuchung von Internationalen Organisationen (IO) um eine globale und eine historische Perspektive zu erweitern, um IOs als sich entwickelnde und entfaltende Bürokratien zu erfassen. Um diese Geschichte der IOs als Bürokratien zu erfassen, schlage ich vor, die intellektuelle Geschichte der IOs zu untersuchen, ihre vielfältigen und alternativen räumlichen Horizonte als Forschungskategorien zu benutzen und dadurch neue (globale) Narrative und Periodisierungen der IO-Entwicklung jenseits der konventionellen Historiographie anzustreben.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 5 (2016): The Baltic Sea: A Space of Changing Expectations
Bayesian-based hybrid method for rapid optimization of NV center sensors
Creators: name: Tian, Jiazhao
name: Said, Ressa S.
name: Jelezko, Fedor
name: Cai, Jianming
name: Xiao, Liantuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NV center is one of the most promising platforms in the field of quantum sensing. Magnetometry based on NV center, especially, has achieved a concrete development in regions of biomedicine and medical diagnostics. Improving the sensitivity of NV center sensor under wide inhomogeneous broadening and filed amplitude drift is one crucial issue of continuous concern, which relies on the coherent control of NV center with higher average fidelity. Quantum optimal control (QOC) methods provide access to this target, nevertheless the high time consumption of current methods due to the large number of needful sample points as well as the complexity of the parameter space has hindered their usability. In this paper we propose the Bayesian estimation phase-modulated (B-PM) method to tackle this problem. In the case of state transforming of NV center ensemble, the B-PM method reduces the time consumption by more than $90\%$ compared to the conventional standard Fourier base (SFB) method while increasing the average fidelity from $0.894$ to $0.905$. In AC magnetometry scenery, the optimized control pulse given by B-PM method achieves a eight-fold extension of the coherence time $T_2$ compared to rectangular $π$ pulse. Similar application can be made in other sensing situations. As a general algorithm, the B-PM method can be further extended to open- and closed-loop optimization of complex systems based on a variety of quantum platforms.