cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Idealised hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent oxygen-burning shell convection in 4π geometry
Creators: name: Jones, Samuel
name: Andrassy, Robert
name: Sandalski, Stou
name: Davis, Austin
name: Woodward, Paul
name: Herwig, Falk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates the properties of convection in stars with particular emphasis on entrainment across the upper convective boundary (CB). Idealised simulations of turbulent convection in the O-burning shell of a massive star are performed in $4π$ geometry on $768^3$ and $1536^3$ grids, driven by a representative heating rate. A heating series is also performed on the $768^3$ grid. The $1536^3$ simulation exhibits an entrainment rate at the upper CB of $1.33\times10^{-6}~M_\odot~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$. The $768^3$ simulation with the same heating rate agrees within 17 per cent. The entrainment rate at the upper convective boundary is found to scale linearly with the driving luminosity and with the cube of the shear velocity at the upper boundary, while the radial RMS fluid velocity scales with the cube root of the driving luminosity, as expected. The mixing is analysed in a 1D diffusion framework, resulting in a simple model for CB mixing. The analysis confirms previous findings that limiting the MLT mixing length to the distance to the CB in 1D simulations better represents the spherically-averaged radial velocity profiles from the 3D simulations and provides an improved determination of the reference diffusion coefficient $D_0$ for the exponential diffusion CB mixing model in 1D. From the 3D simulation data we adopt as the convective boundary the location of the maximum gradient in the horizontal velocity component which has $2σ$ spatial fluctuations of $\approx0.17 H_P$ . The exponentially decaying diffusion CB mixing model with $f = 0.03$ reproduces the spherically-averaged 3D abundance profiles.
description: 21 pages, 24 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Wetting dynamics of a collapsing fluid hole
Creators: name: Bostwick, Joshua
name: Dijksman, Joshua
name: Shearer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collapse dynamics of an axisymmetric fluid cavity that wets the bottom of a rotating bucket bound by vertical sidewalls are studied. Lubrication theory is applied to the governing field equations for the thin film to yield an evolution equation that captures the effect of capillary, gravitational and centrifugal forces on this converging flow. The focus is on the quasi-static spreading regime, whereby contact-line motion is governed by a constitutive law relating the contact-angle to the contact-line speed. The collapse time, as it depends upon the initial hole size, is reported showing that gravity accelerates the collapse process. Surface tension forces dominate the collapse dynamics for small holes leading to a universal power law whose exponent compares favorably to experiments in the literature. Volume dependence is predicted and compared with experiment. Centrifugal forces slow the collapse process and lead to complex dynamics characterized by stalled spreading behavior that separates the large and small hole asymptotic regimes.
The social care-taking of the city-kids. Determinants for day-care attendance in early twentieth-century southern Sweden
Creators: name: Elwert, Annika
name: Quaranta, Luciana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: The introduction of a child day-care system is one of the early welfare interventions targeted towards mothers and young children that over time gained great prominence in the Swedish welfare state. Because quantitative research on day-cares in historical settings is generally scarce, in this study, we focus on the determinants of day-care enrolment in southern Sweden during the early twentieth century. We use unique individual-level records of day-care attendance for children born between 1900 and 1935 which have been linked to longitudinal micro-level data for the city of Landskrona obtained from the Scanian Economic Demographic Database. Event-history techniques are employed to analyse the importance of factors such as household composition, parental socio-economic background, marital status of the mother, and mother’s occupation. Of the studied children, 8% were ever enrolled in day-cares, most of them around the ages 3 to 6. The results show that the mother’s marital status, household SES, number of siblings, the presence of other adult females in the household and mother’s occupation are all significant determinants of day-care attendance for children. In this study, we show that in the early twentieth century in southern Sweden, day-care attendance followed a negative SES gradient and was most common among children of single mothers.
Breaking secular endogamy. The growth of intermarriage among the Gitanos/Calé of Spain (1900–2006)
Creators: name: Gamella, Juan F.
name: Álvarez-Roldán, Arturo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: For over five centuries the Gitanos/Calé of Spain have shown a marked preference for marrying within their ethnocultural community. In the last decades, however, various Gitano groups have experienced a rise in intermarriage that is transforming their families, their identities and their interactions with mainstream society. This paper analyzes this historical transformation in an area of Andalusia that shows some of the highest concentrations of Romani people in Western Europe. Ethnographic and historical-demographic research allowed the reconstitution of 3,336 Gitano families formed from 1900 to 2006. Of these 421 (12,6%) were mixed. This rate increased to over 25% in the 2000s, and in some localities about half of the recent Gitano marriages were mixed. Three major findings emerge from this case study. Firstly, the local environment plays a key role in intermarriage. Local history generated different intercultural environments and relationships in adjacent municipalities, leading to diverse levels of intermarriage. Secondly, more Gitanas are marrying non-Gitano men than vice versa. Since 1990 Gitanas made 60% of all mixed unions. Thirdly, Gitanas in mixed marriages tend to marry later and to have fewer children than those in endogamous unions. Thus, these women may have been trailblazers in the fertility transitions of Gitano women. The paper hypothesizes that the incorporation of the Gitano/Calé people into the institutions of the Welfare State has favored interactions across ethnic boundaries, reduced social distance, and facilitated intermarriage. The upward mobility of some Gitano families may be turning socioeconomic and educational homogamy against ethnic endogamy.
Composite Particle Theory of Three-dimensional Gapped Fermionic Phases: Fractional Topological Insulators and Charge-Loop Excitation Symmetry
Creators: name: Ye, Peng
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
name: Maciejko, Joseph
name: Fradkin, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological phases of matter are usually realized in deconfined phases of gauge theories. In this context, confined phases with strongly fluctuating gauge fields seem to be irrelevant to the physics of topological phases. For example, the low-energy theory of the two-dimensional (2D) toric code model (i.e. the deconfined phase of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory) is a $U(1)\times U(1)$ Chern-Simons theory in which gauge charges (i.e., $e$ and $m$ particles) are deconfined and the gauge fields are gapped, while the confined phase is topologically trivial. In this paper, we point out a new route to constructing exotic 3D gapped fermionic phases in a confining phase of a gauge theory. Starting from a parton construction with strongly fluctuating compact $U(1)\times U(1)$ gauge fields, we construct gapped phases of interacting fermions by condensing two linearly independent bosonic composite particles consisting of partons and $U(1)\times U(1)$ magnetic monopoles. This can be regarded as a 3D generalization of the 2D Bais-Slingerland condensation mechanism. Charge fractionalization results from a Debye-Hückel-like screening cloud formed by the condensed composite particles. Within our general framework, we explore two aspects of symmetry-enriched 3D Abelian topological phases. First, we construct a new fermionic state of matter with time-reversal symmetry and $Θ\neq π$, the fractional topological insulator. Second, we generalize the notion of anyonic symmetry of 2D Abelian topological phases to the charge-loop excitation symmetry ($\mathsf{Charles}$) of 3D Abelian topological phases. We show that line twist defects, which realize $\mathsf{Charles}$ transformations, exhibit non-Abelian fusion properties.
description: Published version
Modeling an urban highway: a statistical physics point of view for a nonphysical system
Creators: name: González, Leonardo Castro
name: Lárraga, M. E.
name: del Río, J. Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nowadays, methodologies coming from studying physical systems are being applied to the description of a wide variety of complex systems. In particular, one can study thermodynamical methods to describe the overall behavior of many systems, independent of the precise microscopic construction. In this paper, a real Mexican highway is studied as a cellular automata system using available official data released by the Mexican Government. The system studied is the Cuernavaca bypass which was modified in 2016. Official data allows to compare the highway before and after the modifications. As more complex thermodynamic variables such as entropy is difficult to define and measure in discrete traffic models, it is shown how other more simple variables such as the standard deviation can be enough to have a complete analysis of the system. More specifically, it is shown how standard deviation can be seen as a measure of order. Results from the study of the highway show how, taking a minimal measure such as ordering the transit of heavy trucks can reduce up to 32\% the travel time from one end to another. Otherwise, travel times stays practically constant with respect to the original system.
description: 29 pages, preprint version of the final publication
Dispersive shock waves and modulation theory
Creators: name: El, G. A.
name: Hoefer, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is growing physical and mathematical interest in the hydrodynamics of dissipationless/dispersive media. Since G.~B.~Whitham's seminal publication fifty years ago that ushered in the mathematical study of dispersive hydrodynamics, there has been a significant body of work in this area. However, there has been no comprehensive survey of the field of dispersive hydrodynamics. Utilizing Whitham's averaging theory as the primary mathematical tool, we review the rich mathematical developments over the past fifty years with an emphasis on physical applications. The fundamental, large scale, coherent excitation in dispersive hydrodynamic systems is an expanding, oscillatory dispersive shock wave or DSW. Both the macroscopic and microscopic properties of DSWs are analyzed in detail within the context of the universal, integrable, and foundational models for uni-directional (Korteweg-de Vries equation) and bi-directional (Nonlinear Schrödinger equation) dispersive hydrodynamics. A DSW fitting procedure that does not rely upon integrable structure yet reveals important macroscopic DSW properties is described. DSW theory is then applied to a number of physical applications: superfluids, nonlinear optics, geophysics, and fluid dynamics. Finally, we survey some of the more recent developments including non-classical DSWs, DSW interactions, DSWs in perturbed and inhomogeneous environments, and two-dimensional, oblique DSWs.
description: review article, 68 pages, 52 figures
Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel quinoline derivatives: an in silico and in vitro study
Creators: name: Singh, Vishal K.
name: Kumari, Priyanka
name: Som, Anup
name: Rai, Shivangi
name: Mishra, Richa
name: Singh, Ramendra K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: A series of new quinoline derivatives has been designed, synthesized and evaluated as antibacterial and antifungal agents functioning as peptide deformylase enzyme (PDF) inhibitors and fungal cell wall disruptors on the basis of computational and experimental methods. The molecular docking and ADMET assessment aided in the synthesis of quinoline derivatives starting from 6-amino-4-methyl-1H-quinoline-2-one substituted with different types of sulfonyl/benzoyl/propargyl moieties. These newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antibacterial screening of all compounds showed excellent MIC value (MIC, 50 − 3.12 µg/mL) against bacterial strains, viz. Bacillus cerus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli. Compounds 2 and 6 showed better activity. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) values of compounds were lowered by 1/2 to 1/128 of the original MIC values when a combinatorial screening with reference drugs was performed. Further, antifungal screening against fungal strains, viz. A. flavus, A. niger, F. oxysporum and C. albicans also showed that all compounds were potentially active and compound 6 being the most potent. Further, the cytotoxicity experiments revealed that compound 6 was the least toxic molecule. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation investigations elucidated the conformational stability of compound 6-PDF complex with flexible binding pocket residues. The highest number of stable hydrogen bonds with the PDF residues during the entire simulation time illustrated strong binding affinity of compound 6 with PDF. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Breaking secular endogamy the growth of intermarriage among the Gitanos/Calé of Spain (1900–2006)
Creators: name: Gamella, Juan F.
name: Álvarez-Roldán, Arturo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: For over five centuries the Gitanos/Calé of Spain have shown a marked preference for marrying within their ethnocultural community. In the last decades, however, various Gitano groups have experienced a rise in intermarriage that is transforming their families, their identities and their interactions with mainstream society. This paper analyzes this historical transformation in an area of Andalusia that shows some of the highest concentrations of Romani people in Western Europe. Ethnographic and historical-demographic research allowed the reconstitution of 3,336 Gitano families formed from 1900 to 2006. Of these 421 (12,6%) were mixed. This rate increased to over 25% in the 2000s, and in some localities about half of the recent Gitano marriages were mixed. Three major findings emerge from this case study. Firstly, the local environment plays a key role in intermarriage. Local history generated different intercultural environments and relationships in adjacent municipalities, leading to diverse levels of intermarriage. Secondly, more Gitanas are marrying non-Gitano men than vice versa. Since 1990 Gitanas made 60% of all mixed unions. Thirdly, Gitanas in mixed marriages tend to marry later and to have fewer children than those in endogamous unions. Thus, these women may have been trailblazers in the fertility transitions of Gitano women. The paper hypothesizes that the incorporation of the Gitano/Calé people into the institutions of the Welfare State has favored interactions across ethnic boundaries, reduced social distance, and facilitated intermarriage. The upward mobility of some Gitano families may be turning socioeconomic and educational homogamy against ethnic endogamy.
Neuroevolution-Based Generation of Tests and Oracles for Games
Creators: name: Feldmeier, Patric
name: Fraser, Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5; K.3.2
subject: 97P50

description: Game-like programs have become increasingly popular in many software engineering domains such as mobile apps, web applications, or programming education. However, creating tests for programs that have the purpose of challenging human players is a daunting task for automatic test generators. Even if test generation succeeds in finding a relevant sequence of events to exercise a program, the randomized nature of games means that it may neither be possible to reproduce the exact program behavior underlying this sequence, nor to create test assertions checking if observed randomized game behavior is correct. To overcome these problems, we propose Neatest, a novel test generator based on the NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) algorithm. Neatest systematically explores a program's statements, and creates neural networks that operate the program in order to reliably reach each statement -- that is, Neatest learns to play the game in a way to reliably cover different parts of the code. As the networks learn the actual game behavior, they can also serve as test oracles by evaluating how surprising the observed behavior of a program under test is compared to a supposedly correct version of the program. We evaluate this approach in the context of Scratch, an educational programming environment. Our empirical study on 25 non-trivial Scratch games demonstrates that our approach can successfully train neural networks that are not only far more resilient to random influences than traditional test suites consisting of static input sequences, but are also highly effective with an average mutation score of more than 65%.
description: To appear at the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE'2022)
Reply to "Comment on `Energy Conditions in $f(Q)$ gravity'"
Creators: name: Mandal, Sanjay
name: Sahoo, P. K.
name: Santos, J. R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Avik De and L.T. How claim that we have not followed an effective theory approach for $f(Q)$ gravity, missing relevant terms to compute the energy conditions [Phys. Rev. D 102, 024057 (2020)]. They also state that we did not present how the pressure and energy density follow a set of energy condition criteria. In this reply we show how the effective density and effective pressure found in the comment yield to the same Fridmann Equations presented in our article. Therefore, we claim that the comment only introduces an equivalent path to derive the Friedmann Equations and that the extra terms found by Avik De and L.T. How are consequence of their specific definition for their effective density and effective pressure. However, such terms do not change the equations for $ρ$ and $p$. Consequently, these extra terms are not going to change the energy constraints presented by us in Phys. Rev. D 102, 024057 (2020).
description: Published version in PRD
Entomoneis grisslehamnensis, a New Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from the Baltic Coast of Sweden with taxonomic and ecological notes on Entomoneis paludosa (W. Smith) Reimer
Creators: name: Al-Handal, Adil Y.
name: Mucko, Maja
name: Štefanić, Petra Peharec
name: Wulff, Angela
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The diatom genus Entomoneis includes species with panduriform frustules characterized by a bilobate, elevated keel, sigmoid raphe canal and numerous open, porous girdle bands. During a phytoplankton survey along the Baltic coast of Sweden, we observed numerous Entomoneis cells, some belonging to the well-known Entomoneis paludosa, while others remained unknown. Morphological and ultrastructural studies of the unknown species were performed with light microscopy (LM), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, and revealed a unique set of morphological characters. Live cells of Entomoneis grisslehamnensis sp. nov. contain one plate-like plastid and show various degrees of torsion about the apical axis. Microscopic features of cleaned frustules are discussed in comparison with similar species. Most importantly, every 2nd to 5th virga is strongly elevated, uniseriate striae are composed of quadrangular areolae with finely perforated hymenes; the winged keel with a discernible raphe canal is structurally strengthened by raphe fibulae with a flattened wing area, and the main part of the valve bulges towards the margins; striation is decussate on the wings and there is one row of raphe canal areolae at the central area. In addition to describing this new species of an underappreciated, yet cosmopolitan diatom genus, we contribute to the taxonomy of E. paludosa with LM, SEM and TEM details, some of which were not sufficiently noted in original descriptions or re-examination of type material and other specimens made by Dalu et al. [2015. A re-examination of the type material of Entomoneis paludosa (W. Smith) Reimer and its morphology and distribution in African waters. Fottea 15: 11–25] and Long et al. [2022. Ultrastructure of three species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29–50. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149].
Notes on divisible MV-algebras
Creators: name: Lapenta, Serafina
name: Leustean, Ioana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In these notes we study the class of divisible MV-algebras inside the algebraic hierarchy of MV-algebras with product. We connect divisible MV-algebras with $\mathbb Q$-vector lattices, we present the divisible hull as a categorical adjunction and we prove a duality between finitely presented algebras and rational polyhedra.
New analysis for the correlation between gravitational waves and neutrino detectors during SN1987A
Creators: name: Galeotti, P.
name: Pizzella, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two major problems, still associated with the SN1987A, are: a) the signals observed with the gravitational waves detectors, b) the duration of the collapse. Indeed, a) the sensitivity of the gravitational wave detectors seems to be small for detecting gravitational waves and, b) while some experimental data indicate a duration of order of hours, most theories assume that the collapse develops in a few seconds. Since recent data of the X-ray NuSTAR satellite show a clear evidence of an asymmetric collapse, we have revisited the experimental data recorded by the underground and gravitational wave detectors running during the SN1987A. New evidence is shown that con rms previous results, namely that the data recorded by the gravitational wave detectors running in Rome and in Maryland are strongly correlated with the data of both the Mont Blanc and the Kamiokande detectors, and that the correlation extends over a long period of time (one or two hours) centered at the Mont Blanc time. This result indicates that also Kamiokande detected neutrinos at the Mont Blanc time, and these interactions were not identi ed because not grouped in a burst.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Response of nematode community structure to different restoration practices in two vineyard soils in Tuscany (Italy)
Creators: name: Landi, Silvia
name: Valboa, Giuseppe
name: Vignozzi, Nadia
name: d’Errico, Giada
name: Pellegrini, Sergio
name: Simoncini, Stefania
name: Torrini, Giulia
name: Roversi, Pio Federico
name: Priori, Simone
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Inappropriate land preparation before vineyard establishment can lead to soil degradation and vine health issues, with consequent reductions in the quantity and quality of the grapes. In the present short-term trial, the effects of dry mulching, green manure and compost treatments were evaluated as restoration strategies to enhance soil functionality in degraded vineyard areas at two Tuscan farms that had been under organic management for different lengths of time. Soil nematode community, soil physical and chemical properties were monitored as indicators of soil quality. The restoration treatments scarcely affected soil chemical or physical qualities; only the compost application increased soil total organic carbon (TOC). Bacterial feeder nematodes increased under dry mulching in response to the organic carbon inputs on the farm in conversion. Plant-parasitic nematodes decreased only after the first year of the restoration treatments and predators decreased during all 3 years. Nematode indicators showed only a few differences between the different management regimes; the diversity weighted abundance expressed as biomass indicated that the restoration practices sometimes represented a disturbing factor in ecosystem services regulation. The abundance of nematode taxa was differently affected by soil physico-chemical properties. On the farm that had been managed organically for longer, the higher proportion of large sized stable aggregates and greater soil porosity benefitted large nematodes such as predators, while the higher moisture levels were unfavourable for some plant-parasitic nematodes. However, on the farm still in conversion, increases in TOC and C/N ratio values were associated with a reduction in plant-parasitic nematodes.
Phase reduction theory for hybrid nonlinear oscillators
Creators: name: Shirasaka, Sho
name: Kurebayashi, Wataru
name: Nakao, Hiroya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid dynamical systems characterized by discrete switching of smooth dynamics have been used to model various rhythmic phenomena. However, the phase reduction theory, a fundamental framework for analyzing the synchronization of limit-cycle oscillations in rhythmic systems, has mostly been restricted to smooth dynamical systems. Here we develop a general phase reduction theory for weakly perturbed limit cycles in hybrid dynamical systems that facilitates analysis, control, and optimization of nonlinear oscillators whose smooth models are unavailable or intractable. On the basis of the generalized theory, we analyze injection locking of hybrid limit-cycle oscillators by periodic forcing and reveal their characteristic synchronization properties, such as ultrafast and robust entrainment to the periodic forcing and logarithmic scaling at the synchronization transition. We also illustrate the theory by analyzing the synchronization dynamics of a simple physical model of biped locomotion.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures
Quantum entanglement in three accelerating qubits coupled to scalar field
Creators: name: Dai, Yue
name: Shen, Zhejun
name: Shi, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum entanglement of three accelerating qubits, each of which is locally coupled with a real scalar field, without causal influence among the qubits or among the fields. The initial states are assumed to be the GHZ and W states, which are the two representative three-partite entangled states. For each initial state, we study how various kinds of entanglement depend on the accelerations of the three qubits. All kinds of entanglement eventually suddenly die if at least two of three qubits have large enough accelerations. This result implies the eventual sudden death of all kinds of entanglement among three particles coupled with scalar fields when they are sufficiently close to the horizon of a black hole.
description: 24 pages
Bayesian analysis of cosmic-ray propagation: evidence against homogeneous diffusion
Creators: name: Jóhannesson, G.
name: de Austri, R. Ruiz
name: Vincent, A. C.
name: Moskalenko, I. V.
name: Orlando, E.
name: Porter, T. A.
name: Strong, A. W.
name: Trotta, R.
name: Feroz, F.
name: Graff, P.
name: Hobson, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the most complete ever scan of the parameter space for cosmic ray (CR) injection and propagation. We perform a Bayesian search of the main GALPROP parameters, using the MultiNest nested sampling algorithm, augmented by the BAMBI neural network machine learning package. This is the first such study to separate out low-mass isotopes ($p$, $\bar p$ and He) from the usual light elements (Be, B, C, N, O). We find that the propagation parameters that best fit $p$, $\bar p$, He data are significantly different from those that fit light elements, including the B/C and $^{10}$Be/$^9$Be secondary-to-primary ratios normally used to calibrate propagation parameters. This suggests each set of species is probing a very different interstellar medium, and that the standard approach of calibrating propagation parameters using B/C can lead to incorrect results. We present posterior distributions and best fit parameters for propagation of both sets of nuclei, as well as for the injection abundances of elements from H to Si. The input GALDEF files with these new parameters will be included in an upcoming public GALPROP update.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. v2 accepted for publication in ApJ
MARVEL - D5.1: MARVEL Minimum Viable Product
Creators: name: Dimou, Christos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: MVP
smart cities
Edge-to-Fog-to-Cloud
architecture
integration
demonstration

description: The purpose of this deliverable is to describe all activities related to the design, implementation, and release of the MARVEL Minimum Viable Product (MVP). This document sets the scope and goals of the MVP, as well as discusses the decisions to achieve these goals, by means of definition of specific use case scenarios, selection of MARVEL components, and infrastructure that facilitates the operation and demonstration of the use cases. More specifically, the document details the adjustments of the MARVEL architecture, the specific role of each component within the MVP, integration and deployment processes and tasks, and an extensive demonstration of the selected use cases from the user point of view. Finally, the MVP results are linked to MARVEL’s objectives, as this release paves the way towards the first complete prototype of the MARVEL framework.
Are Ads on Google Search Engine Results Pages Labeled Clearly Enough?
Creators: name: Lewandowski, Dirk
name: Sünkler, Sebastian
name: Kerkmann, Friederike
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: search engines
subject: search engine results pages (SERPs)
subject: selection behaviour
subject: representative user study
subject: search engine advertising (SEA)
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: In an online experiment using a representative sample of the German online population (n = 1,000), we compare users’ selection behaviour on two versions of the same Google search engine results page (SERP), one showing advertisements and organic results, the other showing organic results only. Selection behaviour is analyzed in relation to users’ knowledge on Google’s business model, on SERP design, and on these users’ actual performance in marking advertisements on SERPs correctly. We find that users who were not able to mark ads correctly selected ads significantly more often. This leads to the conclusion that ads need to be labeled more clearly, and that there is a need for more information literacy in search engine users.
Asendorf, Ulrich: Die Theologie Martin Luthers nach seinen Predigten
Creators: name: Schirrmacher, Thomas
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 182265985X
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 4 (1990): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 4
Gamification Elements and Their Perception by Different Gamer Types
Creators: name: Janta Lipinski, Alexander Von
name: Weber, Henrik
name: Kölle, Ralph
name: Mandl, Thomas
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: project management
subject: human-computer interaction
subject: gamification
subject: motivation
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Gamification is being applied more and more to information systems. Many developers apply similar strategies for the gamification of tasks. A benchmark conducted in 22 mobile apps containing gamification elements showed reward points as the most frequent design element. In a pilot user experiment, we analyzed the user perception of three gamification elements including reward points in the context of project management. Reward points are seen as motivating; in contrast a leader board was viewed more critically. It was shown that the judgment of elements depends on the game personality type. The gamer type Killer had a medium and significant correlation with a positive evaluation of the gaming elements. Only the gamer type Achiever had a positive and significant correlation with a positive judgment of rewards points.
Non-Uniform Code Concatenation for Universal Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Nikahd, Eesa
name: Sedighi, Mehdi
name: Zamani, Morteza Saheb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using transversal gates is a straightforward and efficient technique for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Since transversal gates alone cannot be computationally universal, they must be combined with other approaches such as magic state distillation, code switching or code concatenation in order to achieve universality. In this paper we propose an alternative approach for universal fault-tolerant quantum computing mainly based on the code concatenation approach proposed in [PRL 112, 010505 (2014)] but in a non-uniform fashion. The proposed approach is described based on non-uniform concatenation of the 7-qubit Steane code with the 15-qubit Reed-Muller code as well as the 5-qubit code with the 15-qubit Reed-Muller code, which lead to two 49-qubit and 47-qubit codes, respectively. These codes can correct any arbitrary single physical error with the ability to perform a universal set of fault-tolerant gates, without using magic state distillation.
description: 6 pages and 4 figures
Diversity of home garden plants and their contribution to promoting sustainable livelihoods for local communities living near Serbajadi protected forest in Aceh Timur region, Indonesia
Creators: name: Suwardi, Adi Bejo
name: Navia, Zidni Ilman
name: Mubarak, Albian
name: Mardudi, Mardudi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Home gardens are traditional agroforestry systems that promote plant diversity and ecosystem services while also having direct and positive impacts on human livelihoods. Even though home gardens are considered biodiversity hotspots and have recently been recognised as essential for their role in tropical biodiversity conservation, the benefits of ecosystem services provided by home gardens are understudied. This study investigated plant diversity and ecosystem services in tropical home gardens in the Aceh Timur region of Indonesia. Data was collected from 180 home gardens in 12 villages and recorded 173 plant species associated with 16 ecosystem services. The majority of the cultivated plants were fruit and vegetable plants, which played an important role in supporting food security and household income. Home gardens, with their plant species diversity and ecosystem services, played an important role in biodiversity conservation. Home gardens were important not only for improving household livelihoods, but also for the conservation of plant genetic resources and nearby protected forests.
Nonlinearly charged AdS black holes, extended phase space thermodynamics and Joule-Thomson expansion
Creators: name: Kruglov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermodynamics and phase transitions of magnetically charged by nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes in an extended phase space. The cosmological constant is treated as a thermodynamic pressure whereas the black hole mass is considered such as the chemical enthalpy. The horizon thermodynamics of black holes shows an analogy with the Van der Waals liquid-gas system. We define a quantities which are conjugated to the parameter of NED and a magnetic charge. It is shown that the first law of thermodynamics and the generalized Smarr relation hold. The critical exponents are the same as in the Van der Waals system. The Joule--Thomson adiabatic expansion of NED-AdS black holes is investigated because of thermodynamic behavior of black holes. The Joule--Thomson coefficient, the inversion and isenthalpic curves are discussed. The minimum of inversion temperature and the corresponding event horizon radius are obtained.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Stability of perturbed geodesics in $nD$ axisymmetric spacetimes
Creators: name: Coimbra-Araujo, C. H.
name: Anjos, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of self-gravity of a disk matter is evaluated by the simplest modes of oscillation frequencies for perturbed circular geodesics. It is plotted the radial profiles of free oscillations of an equatorial circular geodesic perturbed within the orbital plane or in the vertical direction. The calculation is carried out to geodesics of an axisymmetric $n$-dimensional spacetime. The profiles are computed by examples of disks embeded in five-dimensional or six-dimensional spacetime, where it is studied the motion of free test particles for three axisymmetric cases: (i) the Newtonian limit of a general proposed $5D$ and $6D$ axisymmetric spacetime; (ii) a simple Randall-Sundrum $5D$ spacetime; (iii) general $5D$ and $6D$ Randall-Sundrum spacetime. The equation of motion of such particles is derived and the stability study is computed for both horizontal and vertical directions, to see how extra dimensions could affect the system. In particular, we investigate a disk constructed from Schwarzschild and Chazy-Curzon solutions with a simple extension for extra dimensions in the case (i), and by solving vacuum Einstein field equations for a kind of Randall-Sundrum-Weyl metric in cases (ii) and (iii). We find that it is possible to compute a range of possible solutions where such perturbed geodesics are stable. Basicaly, the stable solutions appear, for the radial direction, in special cases when the system has $5D$ and in all cases when the system has $6D$; and, for the axial direction, in all cases when the system has both $5D$ or $6D$.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Using Sessions from Clickstream Data Analysis to Uncover Different Types of Twitter Behaviour
Creators: name: Meier, Florian
name: Aigner, Johannes
name: Elsweiler, David
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: clustering
subject: Twitter
subject: clickstream data
subject: information behaviour
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: While much is known about how Twitter is used for specific tasks or by particular groups of users, we understand surprisingly little about how the service is used generally on a daily basis. To learn more about general Twitter behaviour we perform a cluster analysis on a rich set of longitudinal interaction log data describing interactions 44 users had with the Twitter website over a 5 month period. We report on and interpret 5 clusters representing common usage patterns with the service.
Understanding the Limits of Poisoning Attacks in Episodic Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Rangi, Anshuka
name: Xu, Haifeng
name: Tran-Thanh, Long
name: Franceschetti, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To understand the security threats to reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, this paper studies poisoning attacks to manipulate \emph{any} order-optimal learning algorithm towards a targeted policy in episodic RL and examines the potential damage of two natural types of poisoning attacks, i.e., the manipulation of \emph{reward} and \emph{action}. We discover that the effect of attacks crucially depend on whether the rewards are bounded or unbounded. In bounded reward settings, we show that only reward manipulation or only action manipulation cannot guarantee a successful attack. However, by combining reward and action manipulation, the adversary can manipulate any order-optimal learning algorithm to follow any targeted policy with $\tildeΘ(\sqrt{T})$ total attack cost, which is order-optimal, without any knowledge of the underlying MDP. In contrast, in unbounded reward settings, we show that reward manipulation attacks are sufficient for an adversary to successfully manipulate any order-optimal learning algorithm to follow any targeted policy using $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{T})$ amount of contamination. Our results reveal useful insights about what can or cannot be achieved by poisoning attacks, and are set to spur more works on the design of robust RL algorithms.
description: Accepted at International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) 2022
Vacuum for a massless quantum scalar field outside a collapsing shell in anti-de Sitter space-time
Creators: name: Abel, Paul G.
name: Winstanley, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a massless quantum scalar field on a two-dimensional space-time describing a thin shell of matter collapsing to form a Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black hole. At early times, before the shell starts to collapse, the quantum field is in the vacuum state, corresponding to the Boulware vacuum on an eternal black hole space-time. The scalar field satisfies reflecting boundary conditions on the anti-de Sitter boundary. Using the Davies-Fulling-Unruh prescription for computing the renormalized expectation value of the stress-energy tensor, we find that at late times the black hole is in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath at the Hawking temperature, so the quantum field is in a state analogous to the Hartle-Hawking vacuum on an eternal black hole space-time.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitation
Super-Poissonian shot noise of squeezed-magnon mediated spin transport
Creators: name: Kamra, Akashdeep
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetization of a ferromagnet (F) driven out of equilibrium injects pure spin current into an adjacent conductor (N). Such F$|$N bilayers have become basic building blocks in a wide variety of spin based devices. We evaluate the shot noise of the spin current traversing the F$|$N interface when F is subjected to a coherent microwave drive. We find that the noise spectrum is frequency independent up to the drive frequency, and increases linearly with frequency thereafter. The low frequency noise indicates super-Poissonian spin transfer, which results from quasi-particles with effective spin $\hbar^* = \hbar (1 + δ)$. For typical ferromagnetic thin films, $δ\sim 1$ is related to the dipolar interaction-mediated squeezing of F eigenmodes.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures