cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 3 of Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of volumetric iodine quantification using preoperative dual-energy computed tomography
Creators: name: Kim, Taek Min
name: Lee, Jeong Min
name: Yoon, Jeong Hee
name: Ijin Joo
name: Sae-Jin Park
name: Jeon, Sun Kyung
name: Schmidt, Bernhard
name: Sedlmair Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. The normalized iodine concentration (NICs) of peritumoral and intratumoral regions in 4 mm layer thickness between MVI absent and MVI present groups.
Mechanisms and spatial variability of rainfall infiltration on the Claude waste rock pile
Creators: name: Bellehumeur, Tracy M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The transport of acid rock drainage from a highly heterogeneous and unsaturated waste rock pile is based on an understanding of fluid flow within a pile. This study provides a quantitative evaluation of spatial variability in rainfall infiltration and identifies relations between hydrologic pathways, contact areas and structural features in the Claude waste rock pile. Thirty-five fixed ring infiltrometer tests were conducted to measure infiltration capacity over the surface of the pile. Hydrologic pathways into the Claude pile were investigated by releasing dye staining tracers at the surface, followed by excavation and mapping of the stained waste rock. The west side of the pile is characterized by a coarse, 'untrafficked' surface, in which infiltration at the surface is immediate. Recharge on the east side of the pile is controlled by a fine traffic compacted material and surface topography. Intense rainstorms cause ponding and overland flow to concentrate in coarse drains at the bottom of small catchment areas. In an intense rainstorm, the majority of recharge is through the drains on Claude east. In a typical low intensity rainstorm, the majority of recharge is through the fine matrix material on Claude east. Following the infiltrometer test, a volume of dye tracer, rhodamine WT, was ponded in the ring infiltrometers. Excavation provided a visual record of Darcy flow and flow through macropores. Dye distribution decreased rapidly and converged in macropores near the surface. Three large-scale dye tracer releases (800L to 2400L) were applied at the catchment drains on Claude east and distributed over a small area on Claude west. Excavation of the tracer revealed that infiltrating water migrates over the surface of coarse particles, avoiding the fine matrix material (boulder hopping). Significant lateral spreading was caused by ponding on old traffic surfaces encountered below the pile surface. Two mechanisms of flow were observed during excavation of the large-scale tracer tests, preferential flow in macropores, and boulder hopping. Darcy flow was observed in the fine, traffic compacted layers. This thesis documents the strong influence of macropore flow and preferential flow on the distribution of rainfall recharge into the Claude pile.
Pixel Level Decorrelation in Service of the \textit{Spitzer} Microlens Parallax Survey
Creators: name: Dang, Lisa
name: Novati, Sebastiano Calchi
name: Carey, Sean
name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microlens parallax measurements combining space-based and ground-based observatories can be used to study planetary demographics. In recent years, the Spitzer Space Telescope was used as a microlens parallax satellite. Meanwhile, \textit{Spitzer} IRAC has been employed to study short-period exoplanets and their atmospheres. As these investigations require exquisite photometry, they motivated the development of numerous self-calibration techniques now widely used in the exoplanet atmosphere community. Specifically, Pixel Level Decorrelation (PLD) was developed for starring-mode observations in uncrowded fields. We adapt and extend PLD to make it suitable for observations obtained as part of the \textit{Spitzer} Microlens Parallax Campaign. We apply our method to two previously published microlensing events, OGLE-2017-BLG-1140 and OGLE-2015-BLG-0448, and compare its performance to the state-of-the-art pipeline used to analyses \textit{Spitzer} microlensing observation. We find that our method yields photometry 1.5--6 times as precise as previously published. In addition to being useful for \textit{Spitzer}, a similar approach could improve microlensing photometry with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, revised manuscript submitted to MNRAS
Temperature Dependence of Reconfigurable Bandstop Filters Using Vanadium Dioxide Switches
Creators: name: Muller, Andrei A.
name: Cavalieri, Matteo
name: Ionescu, Adrian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we report and investigate the temperature dependency of various radio frequency parameters (RF) for a fabricated reconfigurable bandstop filter with vanadium dioxide (VO2) switches measured up to 55 GHz. Here the insulator to metal (ITM) and metal to insulator transition (MIT) hysteresis of the VO2 thin film influence on the RF characteristics of the filters is analyzed from 25 °C and 120 °C in heating and cooling. The resonance frequency and maximum insertion loss (IL) stability and sensitivity with temperature variations are explored. It is noticed that increasing the temperature with 50 °C from 25 °C (or decreasing it with 50 °C from 120 °C) will result in a less than 1% fractional frequency shift in respect to the off and on resonance frequencies. The sharp DC conductivity levels variations of the VO2 thin film around the transition temperatures translate into sharp effects on the resonance characteristics of the filters. On the contrary, the maximum IL levels are less sensitive to the DC films sharp conductivity changes around the VO2 transition temperature. Last, we see that the RF parameters in heating and cooling at 80 °C, above (but close to) the DC transition temperatures of VO2 exhibit completely different resonance frequencies. The RF results reported close to the transition temperatures for the VO2 thin films can diverge in heating and cooling, thus of a more insightful understanding of VO2 reconfigurable RF devices has to include temperature dependent measurements at various temperatures below MIT and ITM in the RF ranges too
description: 14 pages, 7 figs. This article is under submission at Applied Physics Letters
Advanced dispersion engineering of a III-Nitride micro-resonator for a blue/UV frequency comb
Creators: name: Dorche, Ali Eshaghian
name: Timucin, Dogan
name: Thyagarajan, Krishnan
name: Wunderer, Thomas
name: Johnson, Noble
name: Schwartz, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic dispersion engineering approach is presented toward designing a III-Nitride micro-resonator for a blue/UV frequency comb. The motivation for this endeavor is to fill the need for compact, coherent, multi-wavelength photon sources that can be paired with, e.g., the $^{171}{\textrm{Yb}}^{+}$ ion in a photonic integrated chip for optical sensing, time-keeping, and quantum computing applications. The challenge is to overcome the normal material dispersion exhibited by the otherwise ideal i.e., low-loss and large-Kerr-coefficient) AlGaN family of materials, as this is a prerequisite for bright-soliton Kerr comb generation. The proposed approach exploits the avoided-crossing phenomenon in coupled waveguides to achieve strong anomalous dispersion in a desired wavelength range. The resulting designs reveal a wide range of dispersion response tunability, and are realizable with the current state-of-the-art growth and fabrication methods for AlGaN semiconductors. Numerical simulations of the spatio-temporal evolution of the intra-cavity field under continuous-wave laser pumping indicate that such a structure is capable of generating a broadband blue/UV bright-soliton Kerr frequency comb.
Additional file 4 of Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of volumetric iodine quantification using preoperative dual-energy computed tomography
Creators: name: Kim, Taek Min
name: Lee, Jeong Min
name: Yoon, Jeong Hee
name: Ijin Joo
name: Sae-Jin Park
name: Jeon, Sun Kyung
name: Schmidt, Bernhard
name: Sedlmair Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Table S4.. Comparison of semiautomatic segmentation and manual segmentation.
Fully differential Higgs boson production and the di-photon signal through next-to-next-to-leading order
Creators: name: Anastasiou, Charalampos
name: Melnikov, Kirill
name: Petriello, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a calculation of the fully differential cross section for Higgs boson production in the gluon fusion channel through next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. The decay of the Higgs boson into two photons is included. Technical aspects of the computation are discussed in detail. The implementation of the calculation into a numerical code, called FEHiP, is described. The NNLO K-factors for completely realistic photon acceptances and isolation cuts, including those employed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, are computed. We study various distributions of the photons from Higgs decay through NNLO.
description: 48 pgs, uses axodraw.sty; typos, numerical bugs in Figs. 7,9 fixed
Pure-state single-photon wave-packet generation by parametric down conversion in a distributed microcavity
Creators: name: Raymer, M. G.
name: Noh, Jaewoo
name: Banaszek, K.
name: Walmsley, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an optical parametric down conversion (PDC) scheme that does not suffer a trade-off between the state-purity of single-photon wave-packets and the rate of packet production. This is accomplished by modifying the PDC process by using a microcavity to engineer the density of states of the optical field at the PDC frequencies. The high-finesse cavity mode occupies a spectral interval much narrower than the bandwidth of the pulsed pump laser field, suppressing the spectral correlation, or entanglement, between signal and idler photons. Spectral filtering of the field occurs prior to photon creation rather than afterward as in most other schemes. Operator-Maxwell equations are solved to find the Schmidt-mode decomposition of the two-photon states produced. Greater than 99% pure-state packet production is predicted to be achievable.
description: submitted for publication
Application of Mean Curvature Flow for Surface Parametrizations
Creators: name: Wong, Ka Wai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is an expository article describing the conformalized mean curvature flow, originally introduced by Kazhdan, Solomon, and Ben-Chen. We are interested in applying mean curvature flow to surface parametrizations. We discuss our own implementation of their algorithm and some limitations.
description: 5 pages, 13 figures
alpha ~ pi/2 from supersymmetric spontaneous flavor breaking
Creators: name: Ferrandis, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a flavor model where both CP and flavor symmetries are broken at the supersymmetric level. The model is an effective SU(5) theory based on a U(2) horizontal symmetry. The minimum of the supersymmetric scalar potential can be solved to yield a realistic pattern of charged fermion masses. The Higgs sector contains a symmetric, an antisymmetric and two vector fields, plus their U(2) conjugates. These Higgs fields are the only fields strictly required to break the flavor and CP symmetries and generate masses for all charged fermions including the up-quark. The model predicts the existence of an absolute minimum in the space of CP-phases. The value alpha ~ pi/2 is predicted in a particular limit of the parameter space of the model.
description: 14 pages, no figures
Additional file 1 of Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of volumetric iodine quantification using preoperative dual-energy computed tomography
Creators: name: Kim, Taek Min
name: Lee, Jeong Min
name: Yoon, Jeong Hee
name: Ijin Joo
name: Sae-Jin Park
name: Jeon, Sun Kyung
name: Schmidt, Bernhard
name: Sedlmair Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Relationship between peritumoral enhancement and quantitative parameters of peritumoral layers.
Predicting the long-term stability of compact multiplanet systems
Creators: name: Tamayo, Daniel
name: Cranmer, Miles
name: Hadden, Samuel
name: Rein, Hanno
name: Battaglia, Peter
name: Obertas, Alysa
name: Armitage, Philip J.
name: Ho, Shirley
name: Spergel, David
name: Gilbertson, Christian
name: Hussain, Naireen
name: Silburt, Ari
name: Jontof-Hutter, Daniel
name: Menou, Kristen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine analytical understanding of resonant dynamics in two-planet systems with machine learning techniques to train a model capable of robustly classifying stability in compact multi-planet systems over long timescales of $10^9$ orbits. Our Stability of Planetary Orbital Configurations Klassifier (SPOCK) predicts stability using physically motivated summary statistics measured in integrations of the first $10^4$ orbits, thus achieving speed-ups of up to $10^5$ over full simulations. This computationally opens up the stability constrained characterization of multi-planet systems. Our model, trained on $\approx 100,000$ three-planet systems sampled at discrete resonances, generalizes both to a sample spanning a continuous period-ratio range, as well as to a large five-planet sample with qualitatively different configurations to our training dataset. Our approach significantly outperforms previous methods based on systems' angular momentum deficit, chaos indicators, and parametrized fits to numerical integrations. We use SPOCK to constrain the free eccentricities between the inner and outer pairs of planets in the Kepler-431 system of three approximately Earth-sized planets to both be below 0.05. Our stability analysis provides significantly stronger eccentricity constraints than currently achievable through either radial velocity or transit duration measurements for small planets, and within a factor of a few of systems that exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs). Given that current exoplanet detection strategies now rarely allow for strong TTV constraints (Hadden et al., 2019), SPOCK enables a powerful complementary method for precisely characterizing compact multi-planet systems. We publicly release SPOCK for community use.
description: Published week of July 13th in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2001258117. Check out simple usage of package (and regenerate paper figures) at: https://github.com/dtamayo/spock
Oxygen stoichiometry and instability in aluminium oxide tunnel barrier layers
Creators: name: Tan, E.
name: Mather, P. G.
name: Perrella, A. C.
name: Read, J. C.
name: Buhrman, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data which show that the chemisorbed oxygen previously observed to be on the surface of thin AlOx layers formed by room temperature thermal oxidation is bound by oxygen vacancies in the oxide. Increasing the electric field across the oxide, either by over-coating with a metallic electrode, or by electron bombardment, drives this surface chemisorbed oxygen into the vacancy sites. Due to the low bonding energies of these oxygen sites, subsequent oxygen exposures draw these ions back to the surface, reforming chemisorbed O$_2^-$. Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junctions incorporating electron bombarded AlOx barriers show a significant reduction in the low frequency junction resistance noise level at 4.2 K.
title: Homogenization of Damaged Concrete Mesostructures using Representative Volume Elements: Implementation and Application to SLang
Creators: name: Kurukuri, Srihari
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Schadensmechanik
subject: Beton
subject: Finite-Elemente-Methode
subject: Homogenisierung
subject: Mesoscale
subject: 620

description: This master thesis explores an important and under-researched topic on the so-called bridging of length scales (from >meso< to >macro<), with the concept of homogenization in which the careful characterization of mechanical response requires that the developed material model >bridge< the representations of events that occur at two different scales. The underlying objective here is to efficiently incorporate material length scales in the classical continuum plasticity/damage theories through the concept of homogenization theory. The present thesis is devoted to computational modeling of heterogeneous materials, primarily to matrix-inclusion type of materials. Considerations are focused predominantly on the elastic and damage behavior as a response to quasistatic mechanical loading. Mainly this thesis focuses to elaborate a sound numerical homogenization model which accounts for the prediction of overall properties with the application of different types of boundary conditions namely: periodic, homogeneous and mixed type of boundary conditions over two-dimensional periodic and non-periodic RVEs and three-dimensional non-periodic RVEs. Identification of the governing mechanisms and assessing their effect on the material behavior leads one step further. Bringing together this knowledge with service requirements allows for functional oriented materials design. First, this thesis gives attention on providing the theoretical basic mechanisms involved in homogenization techniques and a survey will be made on existing analytical methods available in literature. Second, the proposed frameworks are implemented in the well known finite element software programs ANSYS and SLang. Simple and efficient algorithms in FORTRAN are developed for automated microstructure generation using RSA algorithm in order to perform a systematic numerical testing of microstructures of composites. Algorithms are developed to generate constraint equations in periodic boundary conditions and different displacements applied spatially over the boundaries of the RVE in homogeneous boundary conditions. Finally, nonlinear simulations are performed at mesolevel, by considering continuum scalar damage behavior of matrix material with the linear elastic behavior of aggregates with the assumption of rigid bond between constituents.
The Te[N II]-Te[O III] temperature relation in H II regions and the reliability of strong-line methods
Creators: name: Arellano-Córdova, K. Z.
name: Rodríguez, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a sample of 154 observations of 124 H II regions that have measurements of both Te[O III] and Te[N II], compiled from the literature, to explore the behaviour of the Te[O III]-Te[N II] temperature relation. We confirm that the relation depends on the degree of ionization and present a new set of relations for two different ranges of this parameter. We study the effects introduced by our temperature relations and four other available relations in the calculation of oxygen and nitrogen abundances. We find that our relations improve slightly on the results obtained with the previous ones. We also use a sample of 26 deep, high-resolution spectra to estimate the contribution of blending to the intensity of the temperature-sensitive line [O III] $\lambda4363$, and we derive a relation to correct Te[O III] for this effect. With our sample of 154 spectra, we analyse the reliability of the R, S, O3N2, N2, ONS, and C strong-line methods by comparing the metallicity obtained with these methods with the one implied by the direct method. We find that the strong-line methods introduce differences that reach ~ 0.2 dex or more, and that these differences depend on O/H, N/O, and the degree of ionization.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures and 6 Tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Geometric Effects and Computation in Spin Networks
Creators: name: Kay, Alastair
name: Ericsson, Marie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When initially introduced, a Hamiltonian that realises perfect transfer of a quantum state was found to be analogous to an x-rotation of a large spin. In this paper we extend the analogy further to demonstrate geometric effects by performing rotations on the spin. Such effects can be used to determine properties of the chain, such as its length, in a robust manner. Alternatively, they can form the basis of a spin network quantum computer. We demonstrate a universal set of gates in such a system by both dynamical and geometrical means.
Price Relationships between Hard Red Spring and Hard Red Winter Wheats in the United States
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Berg, David A.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Berg, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Price differentials for Hard Red Spring and Hard Red Winter wheat of different protein levels are examined in this study.
Searching for top quark pair production cross section at LHeC and FCC-eh
Creators: name: Rezaei, B.
name: Boroun, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deep inelastic scattering mode of $t\overline{t}$ pair production at the proposed LHeC and FCC-eh is considered. We present a method to extract the top reduced cross section related to the transversal structure function $F_{2}(x,Q^{2})$ parameterization. Numerical calculations with known kinematics of the LHeC and FCC-eh colliders are demonstrated. The results obtained for charm and beauty pair production are comparable with the experimental data. We show that for a wide range of the momentum transfer into the top quark pair, the reduced cross section is well described by center-of-mass energies.
Kiloparsec-Scale Jets in FR I Radio Galaxies and the Gamma-Ray Background
Creators: name: Stawarz, L.
name: Kneiske, T. M.
name: Kataoka, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the contribution of kiloparsec-scale jets in FR I radio galaxies to the diffuse gamma-ray background radiation. The analyzed gamma-ray emission comes from inverse-Compton scattering of starlight photon fields by the ultrarelativistic electrons whose synchrotron radiation is detected from such sources at radio, optical and X-ray energies. We find that these objects, under the minimum-power hypothesis (corresponding to a magnetic field of 300 muG in the brightest knots of these jets), can contribute about one percent to the extragalactic gamma-ray background measured by EGRET. We point out that this result already indicates that the magnetic fields in kpc-scale jets of low-power radio galaxies are not likely to be smaller than 10 muG on average, as otherwise the extragalactic gamma-ray background would be overproduced.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures included. ApJ accepted
The Economic Impact of North Dakota's Health Care Industry on the State's Economy in 1991
Creators: name: Hamm, Rita R.
name: Thompson, JoAnn M.
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Hamm, Rita R.
name: Thompson, JoAnn M.
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: The health care industry's far-reaching economic influence within North Dakota is the focus of this report. An input-output model is used to estimate the economic impact of hospitals and long-term care nursing facilities. The analysis shows that nearly 8 percent of the state's total business activity, nearly 10 percent of the state's total retail sales, and nearly 19 percent of the state's total employment in 1991 were attributable to hospitals and long-term care nursing facilities. In addition, these facilities generated nearly $41 million of tax revenues for the state in 1991.
Additional file 2 of Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of volumetric iodine quantification using preoperative dual-energy computed tomography
Creators: name: Kim, Taek Min
name: Lee, Jeong Min
name: Yoon, Jeong Hee
name: Ijin Joo
name: Sae-Jin Park
name: Jeon, Sun Kyung
name: Schmidt, Bernhard
name: Sedlmair Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. The Hounsfield units of peritumoral and intratumoral regions between MVI absent and MVI present groups.
Sunflower Production Contracts: Provisions and Analysis
Creators: name: Cobia, David W.
name: Cobia, David W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics

description: Provisions of sunflower production contracts in North Dakota and Minnesota are summarized in this report. A procedure which can be used to compare the economic value of contracts is also presented. Extensive commercial production of sunflowers is relatively recent. Contracts provide growers with an assured market, guaranteed price, and assistance in proper growing practices. Processors and marketing agencies can better control quality and supply through contracts. The proportion of sunflower growers under contract has been declining as farmers become more familiar with the crop, because of expanding market outlets, and because several contractors wish to avoid costs of contracting. Sunflowers are contracted directly with contractors or through their agent country elevators. Contracts generally specify acreage, price, quality, delivery, and payment provisions. Provisions of 17 contracts are summarized and a method of selecting the most profitable contract is explained.
title: Numerische Untersuchungen zu Temperaturfeldern und Eigenspannungen an einer Schweißnahtverbindung bei WIG-Nachbehandlung
Creators: name: Krauße, Bodo
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Wolfram-Inertgasverfahren
subject: Schweißnahtnachbehandlung
subject: WIG-Nachbehandlung
subject: Temperaturfeld
subject: Eigenspannungszustand
subject: Gefügeumwandlung
subject: S690QL
subject: 620

description: Ziel war es eine MAG- Stumpfschweißverbindung mit anschließender WIG- Überschmelzung zu simulieren. Es galt den Einfluss einer WIG- Nachbehandlung auf die Gefügestruktur der Stumpfnaht aus S690QL und dessen Eigenspannungszustand zu untersuchen. Die WIG- Nachbehandlung erzeugt eine im Wesentlichen martensitische Gefügestruktur im überschmolzenen Bereich der kerbgefährdeten Schweißnahtübergänge. Dieses konnte anhand von Mikroschliffbildern der Schweißverbindung verifiziert werden. Die Härtewerte nach Vickers sind durch die WIG- Nachbehandlung gering gesenkt und auf einen weniger konzentrierten Bereich verteilt worden. Das Zugspannungsniveau im Bereich der Nahtübergänge konnte ebenfalls gering gesenkt werden.
Quasar catalogue for the astrometric calibration of the forthcoming ILMT survey
Creators: name: Mandal, Amit Kumar
name: Pradhan, Bikram
name: Surdej, Jean
name: Stalin, C. S.
name: Sagar, Ram
name: Mathew, Blesson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasars are ideal targets to use for astrometric calibration of large scale astronomical surveys as they have negligible proper motion and parallax. The forthcoming 4-m International Liquid Mirror Telescope (ILMT) will survey the sky that covers a width of about 27 arcminute. To carry out astrometric calibration of the ILMT observations, we aimed to compile a list of quasars with accurate equatorial coordinates and falling in the ILMT stripe. Towards this, we cross-correlated all the quasars that are known till the present date with the sources in the Gaia-DR2 catalogue, as the Gaia-DR2 sources have position uncertainties as small as a few milli arcsec (mas). We present here the results of this cross-correlation which is a catalogue of 6738 quasars that is suitable for astrometric calibration of the ILMT fields. In this work, we present this quasar catalogue. This catalogue of quasars can also be used to study quasar variability over diverse time scales when the ILMT starts its observations. While preparing this catalogue, we also confirmed that quasars in the ILMT stripe have proper motion and parallax lesser than 20 mas/yr and 10 mas, respectively.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, Accepted in Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy
Metastability Triggered Reactivity in Clusters at Realistic Conditions: A Case Study of N-doped (TiO$_2$)$_n$ for Photocatalysis
Creators: name: Saini, Shikha
name: Basera, Pooja
name: Kumar, Manish
name: Bhumla, Preeti
name: Bhattacharya, Saswata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report a strategy, by taking a prototypical model system for photocatalysis (viz. N-doped (TiO$_2$)$_n$ clusters), to accurately determine low energy metastable structures that can play a major role with enhanced catalytic reactivity. Computational design of specific metastable photocatalyst with enhanced activity is never been easy due to plenty of isomers on potential energy surface. This requires fixing various parameters viz. (i) favorable formation energy, (ii) low fundamental gap, (iii) low excitation energy and (iv) high vertical electron affinity (VEA) and low vertical ionization potential (VIP). We validate here by integrating several first principles based methodologies that consideration of the global minimum structure alone can severely underestimate the activity. As a first step, we have used a suite of genetic algorithms [viz. searching clusters with conventional minimum total energy ((GA)$_\textrm{E}$); searching clusters with specific property i.e. high VEA ((GA)$_\textrm{P}^{\textrm{EA}}$), and low VIP ((GA)$_\textrm{P}^{\textrm{IP}}$)] to model the N-doped (TiO$_2$)$_n$ clusters. Following this, we have identified its free energy using ab initio thermodynamics to confirm that the metastable structures are not too far from the global minima. By analyzing a large dataset, we find that N-substitution ((N)$_\textrm{O}$) prefers to reside at highly coordinated oxygen site to maximize its coordination, whereas N-interstitial ((NO)$_\textrm{O}$) and split-interstitial ((N$_2)_\textrm{O}$) favor the dangling oxygen site. Interestingly, we notice that each types of defect (viz. substitution, interstitials) reduce the fundamental gap and excitation energy substantially. However, (NO)$_\textrm{O}$ and (N$_2)_\textrm{O}$ doped clusters are the potential candidates for overall water splitting, whereas N$_\textrm{O}$ is congenial only for oxygen evolution reaction.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures
The Frequency of Carbon Stars Among Extremely Metal-Poor Stars
Creators: name: Cohen, Judith G.
name: Shectman, Stephen
name: Thompson, Ian
name: McWilliam, Andrew
name: Christlieb, Norbert
name: Melendez, Jorge
name: Zickgraf, Franz-Josef
name: Ramirez, Solange
name: Swenson, Amber
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that there are systematic scale errors in the [Fe/H] values determined by the Hamburg/ESO Survey (and by inference by the HK Survey in the past) for certain extremely metal poor highly C-enhanced giants. The consequences of these scale errors are that a) the fraction of carbon stars at extremely low metallicities has been overestimated in several papers in the recent literature b) the number of extremely metal poor stars known is somewhat lower than has been quoted in the recent literature c) the yield for extremely metal poor stars by the HES Survey is somewhat lower than is stated in the recent literature. A preliminary estimate for the frequency of Carbon stars among the giants in the HES sample with -4 < [Fe/H] < -2.0 dex is 7.4 +-2.9%; adding an estimate for the C-enhanced giants with [C/Fe] > 1.0 dex without detectable C2 bands raises the fraction to 14 +-4$%. We rely on the results of an extensive set of homogeneous detailed abundance analyses of stars expected to have [Fe/H] < -3.0 dex selected from the HES to establish these claims. We have found that the Fe-metallicity of the cooler (Teff < 5200K) C-stars as derived from spectra taken with HIRES at Keck are a factor of ~10 higher than those obtained via the algorithm used by the HES project to analyze the moderate resolution follow-up spectra, which is identical to that used until very recently by the HK Survey. This error in Fe-abundance estimate for C-stars arises from a lowering of the emitted flux in the continuum bandpasses of the KP (3933 A line of CaII) and particularly the HP2 (Hdelta) indices used to estimate [Fe/H] due to absorption from strong molecular bands.
description: Accepted to the ApJL after a very lengthly duel with the 3 simultaneous referees
The Economics of Soil Erosion: A Model of Farm Decision-Making
Creators: name: Eaton, Derek J.F.
name: Eaton, Derek J.F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Soil erosion is widely considered to be a serious threat to the long-term viability of agriculture in many parts of the world. The problem is particularly serious in certain developing countries. This paper examines key factors affecting smallholder farmers, decisions about soil depletion and conservation. The analysis focuses exclusively on the on-site productivity losses due to soil erosion in an attempt to understand farmer behaviour, thus ignoring any externality effects or off-site costs. The physical processes of soil erosion are described and its economic effects are reviewed, drawing on theoretical and empirical studies to date. Contrary to arguments that farmers are not aware of the extent and effects of erosion, an economic rationale for them to deplete their soil may be found in relatively simple conceptual models. While much of the research focuses on the North American context, this paper emphasises the relevance of economic models for analysing the situation in developing countries. A simulation model is presented and used to describe the economic consequences of soil erosion for smallholder agriculture in Malawi. Simulation analysis indicates that few conservation measures will be attractive to smallholder farmers due primarily to the low productivity of this sector. The results highlight how incentives to invest in alternative cropping systems are influenced by a number of factors, including the initial and ongoing costs, the sensitivity of yields to erosion and the farmer's discount rate. The study also compares alternative measures of the benefit of different cropping systems to the farmer and explores the implications of the results for agricultural pricing policy.
Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior in CrCl$_3$
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Petrovic, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report anisotropic magnetocaloric effect and magnetic critical behavior in van der Waals crystal CrCl$_3$. The maximum magnetic entropy change $-ΔS_M^{max} \sim 14.6$ J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ and the relative cooling power $RCP \sim 340.3$ J kg$^{-1}$ near $T_c$ with a magnetic field change of 5 T are much larger when compared to CrI$_{3}$ or CrBr$_{3}$. The rescaled $ΔS_M(T,H)$ curves collapse onto a universal curve, confirming the second order ferromagnetic transition. Further critical behavior analysis around $T_c$ presents a set of critical exponents $β$ = 0.28(1) with $T_c$ = 19.4(2) K, $γ$ = 0.89(1) with $T_c$ = 18.95(8) K, and $δ$ = 4.6(1) at $T_c$ = 19 K, which are close to those of theoretical tricritical mean field model.
title: Untersuchung diffuser kohärenter Schallfelder in Atrien
Creators: name: Rothe, Christian
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Absorption
subject: Absorptionskoeffizient
subject: Absorber
subject: Absorberelement
subject: Raumakustik
subject: Nachhall
subject: Nachhallzeit
subject: 620

description: In dieser Diplomarbeit werden – anhand eines Simulationsprogrammes – die diffusen Schallfelder in Atrien untersucht. Diesbezüglich standen Referenzobjekte in Berlin zur Verfügung. Es wurde untersucht, inwieweit sich die Raumgeometrie, die Volumina und die Absorptionseigenschaften der Umhüllungsflächen auf die Energieverteilung im Atriumsraum auswirken. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, Optimierungspotenziale aufzuzeigen und Lösungsvorschläge zu entwickeln, die zeigen, mit welchen Mitteln und Methoden die Raumakustik nachträglich verbessert werden kann.
title: Hydraulic properties of polymer-enhanced bentonite-sand mixture
Creators: name: Khan, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Baustoff
subject: Hydraulic properties
subject: bentonite-sand mixture
subject: soil mechanics
subject: 620

description: The hydraulic properties of the polymer-enhanced bentonite-sand mixtures (PEBSMs) investigated in this study consisted of the water retention behaviour (or the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC)) and the saturated and unsaturated coefficients of permeability. The SWCCs of the compacted polymer-enhanced bentonite-sand mixtures were measured using two techniques; namely, axis-translation technique and vapour equilibrium technique. The results obtained from both methods were combined to establish a single SWCC for each specimen. The saturated coefficient of permeability of the material was measured using the constant-head flexible wall permeameter method. The unsaturated coefficient of permeability was computed from the SWCCs and the saturated permeability values using the statistical model. The study revealed that the wetting curves for the PEBSM and clay are above the drying curves. The fact is thought be due to the specimens being not saturated before starting the drying tests. Since the specimens are expensive soil such a trend can be expected. The permeability deduced from the oedometer test data over-estimates the actual water flow rate resulting in a higher computed saturated coefficient of permeability compared to the measured values. The nets of polymer and bentonite clusters are thought to retard the flow of water during the direct measurement. However, the net of polymer and bentonite clusters are compressed during loading and rebound during unloading. Hysteresis effect was found for the PEBSMs in the permeability versus degree of saturation curve. This is due to possible difference in the spatial distribution of water in the specimens depending whether the specimens were on drying or wetting path.
Fiscal Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: The ICMS Ecologico in Brazil
Creators: name: Grieg-Gran, Maryanne
name: Grieg-Gran, Maryanne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper evaluates an innovative tax revenue-sharing scheme in Brazil, designed to promote the conservation and management of protected areas. Known as the 'CMS Ecologico', the scheme was introduced by the state of Parana in Brazil and subsequently by several other states. The scheme aims to compensate municipal governments for the loss of potential tax revenue from the designation of protected areas (mainly by the state and federal government). It is also intended to have an incentive effect, encouraging both better management of existing protected areas as well as the designation of new conservation areas. The paper examines the experience with the ICMS Ecológico in the states of Minas Gerais and Rondonia, two states which present a marked contrast in terms of land use, population density and forest resources. It considers the extent to which the compensation and incentive objectives have been achieved in the two states. The distributional impact of the ICMS Ecologico is also examined through an analysis of the characteristics of the counties which are winners or losers under the scheme.
Additional file 1 of Aspartate β-hydroxylase as a target for cancer therapy
Creators: name: Madiha Kanwal
name: Smahel, Michal
name: Olsen, Mark
name: Smahelova, Jana
name: Tachezy, Ruth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Experimental and computationally predicted ASPH substrates.
Multicanonical Study of Coarse-Grained Off-Lattice Models for Folding Heteropolymers
Creators: name: Bachmann, Michael
name: Arkın, Handan
name: Janke, Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed multicanonical simulations of hydrophobic-hydrophilic heteropolymers with two simple effective, coarse-grained off-lattice models to study the influence of specific interactions in the models on conformational transitions of selected sequences with 20 monomers. Another aspect of the investigation was the comparison with the purely hydrophobic homopolymer and the study of general conformational properties induced by the "disorder" in the sequence of a heteropolymer. Furthermore, we applied an optimization algorithm to sequences with up to 55 monomers and compared the global-energy minimum found with lowest-energy states identified within the multicanonical simulation. This was used to find out how reliable the multicanonical method samples the free-energy landscape, in particular for low temperatures.
description: 11 pages, RevTeX, 10 Postscript figures, Author Information under http://www.physik.uni-leipzig.de/index.php?id=22
title: Implementierung rechteckiger Scheibenelemente mit B-Spline Ansätzen n-ter Ordnung
Creators: name: Kessel, Marco
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: B-Splines
subject: Finite-Elemente-Methode
subject: Scheibenelement
subject: Implementierung
subject: 620

description: Diese Arbeit stellt die Implementierung von Scheibenelementen mit B-Spline Ansätzen n-ter Ordnung speziell für rechteckige Gebiete mit orthogonaler Vernetzung vor. Dabei kam insbesondere eine spezielle elementbasierte Formulierung auf Grundlage der einzelnen B-Spline Segmente zum Einsatz, die zur Aufbringung von Randbedingungen an den Rändern modifizierte B-Splines benutzt. In der Folge entstehen verschiedene Elementtypen zur Diskretisierung von rechteckigen Gebieten, deren Erzeugung, Speicherung und Anwendung im Zusammenhang mit der Finiten Elemente Methode Gegenstand der Arbeit sind. Anhand von untersuchten Beispielen werden die erfolgreiche Implementierung nachgewiesen und verschiedene Eigenschaften der Methode herausgestellt.
Natural Resources, Development Models and Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Auty, Richard M.
name: Auty, Richard M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper starts out from the optimistic assumption that the basic policies for environmental economic development are known but uncertainties surround the speed of their adoption. In many developing countries the key obstacle is poor governance: consequently, renewable resources continue to be mined, non-renewable resources are depleted irresponsibly, and reductions in pollution intensity lag. Recent research identifies resource abundance as an important cause of policy failure. This is because the primary sector remains large in relation to GDP so that differences in the scale of natural resource rents (and in their socio-economic linkages) condition macro policy in important ways. Most developing countries are resource-rich, a condition that engenders predatory political states that deploy resource rents in ways that cumulatively distort the economy so it falls into a staple trap, which undermines economic growth and environmentally sustainable policies. Sound macroeconomic policy is critical to the success of microeconomic measures like much of environmental policy, a fact often neglected by environmental reformers. There are two implications of this. First, in the long term, improved governance will enhance environmentally sustainable management of: renewable resources (by taking account of the total economic value of resources); finite resources (guided by the need to maintain genuine saving); and the global pollution sinks (by flattening the environmental Kuznets curve). Second, until such improvements occur, environmental policies are likely to underperform unless they are adapted to take account of flawed macro policies. Environmental reformers therefore need to support efforts by the international financial institutions to improve macroeconomic management.
Operator growth bounds in a cartoon matrix model
Creators: name: Lucas, Andrew
name: Osborne, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study operator growth in a model of $N(N-1)/2$ interacting Majorana fermions, which live on the edges of a complete graph of $N$ vertices. Terms in the Hamiltonian are proportional to the product of $q$ fermions which live on the edges of cycles of length $q$. This model is a cartoon "matrix model": the interaction graph mimics that of a single-trace matrix model, which can be holographically dual to quantum gravity. We prove (non-perturbatively in $1/N$, and without averaging over any ensemble) that the scrambling time of this model is at least of order $\log N$, consistent with the fast scrambling conjecture. We comment on apparent similarities and differences between operator growth in our "matrix model" and in the melonic models.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure