cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tests and characterisation of the KI trigger for fast events on the EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope
Creators: name: Miyamoto, Hiroko
name: Battisti, Matteo
name: Belov, Alexander
name: Bertaina, Mario
name: Blin, Sylvie
name: Creusot, Alxandre
name: Eser, Johannes
name: Filippatos, George
name: Klimov, Pavel
name: Manfrin, Massimiliano
name: Mignone, Marco
name: Parizot, Etienne
name: Piotrowski, Lech Wiktor
name: Prévôt, Guillaume
name: Trofimov, Daniil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second generation Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) mission is a stratospheric balloon mission developed within the Joint Exploratory Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory (JEM-EUSO) program. The Fluorescence Telescope (FT) is one of the two separate Schmidt telescopes of EUSO-SPB2, which aims at measuring the fluorescence emission of extensive air showers from cosmic rays above the energy of 1 EeV, looking downwards onto the atmosphere from the float altitude of 33 km. The FT measures photons with a time resolution of 1.05 $μ$s in two different modes: single photon counting (PC) and charge integration (KI). In this paper, we describe the latter and report on the measurements of its characteristics. We also present a new trigger based on this channel, the so-called KI trigger, which allows to measure additional types of events, namely very short and intense light pulses. We report on the tests of this trigger mode in the laboratory and at the TurLab facility, and its implementation in the EUSO-SPB2 mission.
title: Paleogene polar plankton and paleoproductivity: new proxy data from the Eocene - Oligocene transition
Creators: name:  Asatryan ,  Gayane
name:  Özen ,  Volkan
name:  de Faria ,  Gabrielle Rodrigues
name:  Lazarus , David
name:  Renaudie , Johan
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Polar plankton plays a large role in global carbon cycling. There is a significant lack of knowledge of these biotas, however. The main goal of our project is to understand how plankton and oceans interacted in the past during the Eocene/Oligocene (E/O) transition, when significant climate shifts happened. We use a multiproxy approach by combining microfossils and geochemical data. Our study includes the first-ever comprehensive surveys of both diatom and radiolarian plankton diversity (siliceous protists dominating the preserved microfossil record in polar regions). We analyze abundance, diversity, speciation, and extinction rates between 40 and 30 Ma. This plankton data, correlated togeochemical and sedimentological proxies of ocean conditions and carbon pump activity, geographic water masses, and nutrient export data will contribute to global syntheses to determine the global significance and role of plankton in climate change at the E/O transition. Our data comes from several deep-sea drilling Sites from the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean: 689, Weddell Sea; 511 and 1090, near the Atlantic sector polar front; and Indian sector 748, Kerguelen Plateau. Our results show a latitudinally differentiated pattern of paleoceanographic and productivity change. Episodes of increased Southern Ocean productivity occurred well prior to the E/O boundary within the late Eocene, beginning at ca 36-37 Ma. Diversity of siliceous plankton increased with productivity, and shows major episodes of evolutionary turnoverin the late Eocene and at the E/O boundary correlated to productivity and temperature change.
The nuanced negative: Meanings of a negative diagnostic result in clinical exome sequencing
Creators: name: Skinner, Debra
name: King, Martha
name: Raspberry, Kelly A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Genomic sequencing technology is moving rapidly from the research setting into clinical medicine but significant technological and interpretive challenges remain. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in its recent clinical application provides a genetic diagnosis in about 25% of cases (Berg 2014). While this diagnostic yield is substantial, it also indicates that in a majority of cases, patients are receiving negative results (i.e., no explanatory genetic variant found) from this technology. There are a number of uncertainties regarding the meaning of a negative result in the current context of WES. A negative result may be due to current technological limitations that hinder detection of disease-causing variants or to gaps in the knowledge base that prohibit accurate interpretation of their pathogenicity; or it may indicate that there is not a genetic etiology for the disorder. In this paper we examine the uncertainties and nuances of the negative result from genome sequencing and how both clinicians and patients make meaning of it as revealed in ethnographic observations of the clinic session where results are returned, and in interviews with patients. We find that clinicians and patients construct the meaning of a negative result in ways that are uncertain, contingent, and multivalent; but invested with optimism, promise, and potentiality.
Relationships with God among Young Adults: Validating a Measurement Model with Four Dimensions
Creators: name: Bollen, Kenneth A.
name: Mooney, Margarita A.
name: Manglos-Weber, Nicolette D.
name: Roos, J. Micah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Experiencing a relationship with God is widely acknowledged as an important aspect of personal religiosity for both affiliated and unaffiliated young adults, but surprisingly few attempts have been made to develop measures appropriate to its latent, multidimensional quality. This paper presents a new model for measuring relationships with God based on religious role theory, attachment to God theory, and insights from interview-based studies, which allows for a wider array of dimensions than have been considered in prior work: anger, anxiety, intimacy, and consistency. To test our model's internal validity, we use confirmatory factor analysis with nationally representative data. To test its external validity, we (1) use difference-in-means tests across gender, race/ethnicity, geographical region, and religious affiliation; and (2) analyze correlations between our four new dimensions and four other commonly used measures of religiosity, thereby demonstrating both our model's validity and value for future studies of personal religiosity.
Integrated Sensing and Communication enabled Doppler Frequency Shift Estimation and Compensation
Creators: name: Jia, Jinzhu
name: Wei, Zhiqing
name: Zhang, Ruiyun
name: Wang, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Despite the millimeter wave technology fulfills the low-latency and high data transmission, it will cause severe Doppler Frequency Shift (DFS) for high-speed vehicular network, which tremendously damages the communication performance. In this paper, we propose an Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) enabled DFS estimation and compensation algorithm. Firstly, the DFS is coarsely estimated and compensated using radar detection. Then, the designed preamble sequence is used to accurately estimate and compensate DFS. In addition, an adaptive DFS estimator is designed to reduce the computational complexity. Compared with the traditional DFS estimation algorithm, the improvement of the proposed algorithm is verified in bit error rate and mean square error performance by simulation results.
description: 6 pages,8 figures, IEEE/CIC ICCC conference
The Relativistic Three-Body Bound State in Three-Dimensions
Creators: name: Hadizadeh, M. R.
name: Elster, Ch.
name: Polyzou, W. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying of the relativistic three-body bound state in a three-dimensional (3D) approach is a necessary first step in a process to eventually perform scattering calculations at GeV energies, where partial-wave expansions are not useful. To this aim we recently studied relativistic effects in the binding energy and for the first time, obtained the relativistic 3B wave function \cite{Hadizadeh_PRC90}. The relativistic Faddeev integral equations for the bound state are formulated in terms of momentum vectors, and relativistic invariance is incorporated within the framework of Poincaré invariant quantum mechanics.
description: Contribution to the 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Characterizing Asteroids Multiply-Observed at Infrared Wavelengths
Creators: name: Koren, Seth C.
name: Wright, Edward L.
name: Mainzer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report Markov chain Monte Carlo fits of the thermophysical model of Wright (2007) to the fluxes of 10 asteroids which have been observed by both WISE and NEOWISE. This model is especially useful when one has observations of an asteroid at multiple epochs, as it takes advantage of the views of different local times and latitudes to determine the spin axis and the thermal parameter. Many of the asteroids NEOWISE observes will have already been imaged by WISE, so this proof of concept shows there is an opportunity to use a rotating cratered thermophysical model to determine surface thermal properties of a large number of asteroids.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures; fixed link
Nationality and statelessness: the right to birth registration in the context of the Syrian conflict
Creators: name: Olympiou, Elena
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: armed conflict
birth certificates
Syria
right to a nationality
statelessness

description: Second semester University: Åbo Akademi University.
description: Statelessness is a human rights issue affecting more than ten million people worldwide and having detrimental consequences on children’s lives. Every year, a great number of children come into this world lacking recognition and protection from any State. In the context of the Syrian conflict in particular, Syrian children born in exile are more vulnerable to statelessness since acquiring the nationality of the State in which they are born can be very difficult or even impossible. The situation is further compounded by lack of birth registration, a process that guarantees a child’s recognition in the system of nationstates. In an era of internal conflicts and forced displacement, the existing problem of statelessness and the risks of a new generation of stateless children calls for immediate action from States and the international community as a whole to adopt every necessary measure in order to close all gaps in the international protection system. If the problem of statelessness will be solved in the near future, the protection of the universal right to a nationality and the right to birth registration must be safeguarded for every child regardless of his or her legal status.
Winning peace or winning hearts and minds : the role of provincial reconstruction teams in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Macenowicz, Marcin Ernest
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: armed conflict
democratisation
peace processes
reconstruction
Afghanistan

description: Second semester University: University of Hamburg.
description: The thesis is dedicated to foreign involvement in the Afghanistan war, the initial phase of defeating the Taliban in 2001-200, asymmetric warfare that followed when the Taliban switched to insurgency tactics and finally the post-conflict reconstruction and reestablishment of an effective government. The main focus is on the last phase and the efforts of the Provincial Reconstruction Teams. They executed projects that helped rebuild the country and introduce democratic rule but also some carried out projects that contributed to counterinsurgency. Hence, the research question of this thesis is: “Did the Provincial Reconstruction Teams contribute to peace process in Afghanistan or were they only a part of counterinsurgency strategy?” The dissertation discusses both concepts, their characteristic features and various interpretations. It also provides an overview of the conflict and the reasons behind it. Attention is also given to the opposing sides of the conflict, the insurgents as well as the international and domestic forces. Finally, it describes the details of the PRT concept and its implementation. Analysis is carried out by comparing this narrative with previously described theories. While no unequivocal answer is obtained the thesis provides valuable insight into the peace process in the biggest and longest conflict of the 21st century.
Does non-stationary noise in LIGO and Virgo affect the estimation of $H_0$?
Creators: name: Mozzon, Simone
name: Ashton, Gregory
name: Nuttall, Laura K.
name: Williamson, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave observations of binary neutron star mergers and their electromagnetic counterparts provide an independent measurement of the Hubble constant, $H_0$, through the standard-sirens approach. Current methods of determining $H_0$, such as measurements from the early universe and the local distance ladder, are in tension with one another. If gravitational waves are to break this tension a thorough understanding of systematic uncertainty for gravitational-wave observations is required. To accurately estimate the properties of gravitational-wave signals measured by LIGO and Virgo, we need to understand the characteristics of the detectors noise. Non-gaussian transients in the detector data and rapid changes in the instrument, known as non-stationary noise, can both add a systematic uncertainty to inferred results. We investigate how non-stationary noise affects the estimation of the luminosity distance of the source, and therefore of $H_0$. Using a population of 200 simulated binary neutron star signals, we show that non-stationary noise can bias the estimation of the luminosity distance by up to 2.4\%. However, only $\sim$15\% of binary neutron star signals would be affected around their merger time with non-stationary noise at a similar level to that seen in the first half of LIGO-Virgo's third observing run. Comparing the expected bias to other systematic uncertainties, we argue that non-stationary noise in the current generation of detectors will not be a limiting factor in resolving the tension on $H_0$ using standard sirens. Although, evaluating non-stationarity in gravitational-wave data will be crucial to obtain accurate estimates of $H_0$.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Molecular ordering in the high-temperature nematic phase of an all-aromatic liquid crystal
Creators: name: Francescangeli, Oriano
name: Vita, Francesco
name: Bras, Wim
name: Hegde, Maruti
name: Ferrero, Claudio
name: Samulski, Edward T.
name: Portale, Giuseppe
name: Dingemans, Theo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The high-temperature nematic phase of all-aromatic lath-like 2,6-biphenyl naphthalene (PPNPP) exhibits a surprisingly strong tendency towards molecular layering ( i.e. SmA-like cybotaxis) and an orientational order parameter slightly deviating from Maier–Saupe theoretical prediction.
Performance of Lagrangian Descriptors and their variants in incompressible flows
Creators: name: Ruiz-Herrera, Alfonso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The method of Lagrangian descriptors has been already applied in many different contexts, specially in geophysical flows. In this paper we analyze the performance of this methodology in incompressible flows. We demonstrate that barriers to transport are not always coded by singular features of the $M$ function as Mancho, Wiggins and their co-workers conjectured. The techniques presented here are not restricted to incompressible flows. In fact, by our approach, one can infer that the method of Lagrangian descriptors is not useful in most linear systems.
Energy-momentum correlations for Abelian Higgs cosmic strings
Creators: name: Daverio, David
name: Hindmarsh, Mark
name: Kunz, Martin
name: Lizarraga, Joanes
name: Urrestilla, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the energy-momentum correlators obtained with recent numerical simulations of the Abelian Higgs model, essential for the computation of cosmic microwave background and matter perturbations of cosmic strings. Due to significant improvements both in raw computing power and in our parallel simulation framework, the dynamical range of the simulations has increased four-fold both in space and time, and for the first time we are able to simulate strings with a constant physical width in both the radiation and matter eras. The new simulations improve the accuracy of the measurements of the correlation functions at the horizon scale and confirm the shape around the peak. The normalization is slightly higher in the high wave-number tails, due to a small increase in the string density. We study for the first time the behaviour of the correlators across cosmological transitions, and discover that the correlation functions evolve adiabatically, ie the network adapts quickly to changes in the expansion rate. We propose a new method for constructing source functions for Einstein-Boltzmann integrators, comparing it with two other methods previously used. The new method is more consistent, easier to implement, and significantly more accurate.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures. v2: minor changes, matches published version. v3: added Erratum that corrects the decay of vector UETCs at superhorizon scales; Planck CMB constraints are not affected by this change
Flory theory of randomly branched polymers
Creators: name: Grosberg, Alexander Y.
name: Rosa, Angelo
name: Rubinstein, Michael
name: Everaers, Ralf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Randomly branched polymer chains (or trees) are a classical subject of polymer physics with connections to the theory of magnetic systems, percolation and critical phenomena. More recently, the model has been reconsidered for RNA, supercoiled DNA and the crumpling of topologically-constrained polymers. While solvable in the ideal case, little is known exactly about randomly branched polymers with volume interactions. Flory theory provides a simple, unifying description for a wide range of branched systems, including isolated trees in good and θ-solvent, and tree melts. In particular, the approach provides a common framework for the description of randomly branched polymers with quenched connectivity and for randomly branching polymers with annealed connectivity. Here we review the Flory theory for interacting trees in the asymptotic limit of very large polymerization degree for good solvent, θ-solutions and melts, and report its predictions for annealed connectivity in θ-solvents. We compare the predictions of Flory theory for randomly branched polymers to a wide range of available analytical and numerical results and conclude that they are qualitatively excellent and quantitatively good in most cases.
Memory-triggered supernova neutrino detection
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Mainak
name: Lin, Zidu
name: Lunardini, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that observations of the gravitational memory from core collapse supernovae at future Deci-Hz interferometers enable time-triggered searches of supernova neutrinos at Mt-scale detectors. Achieving a sensitivity to characteristic strains of at least $\sim 10^{-25}$ at $f\simeq 0.3$ Hz -- e.g., by improving the noise of DECIGO by one order of magnitude -- will allow robust time triggers for supernovae at distances $D\sim 40-300$ Mpc, resulting in a nearly background-free sample of $\sim 3-70$ neutrino events per Mt per decade of operation. This sample would bridge the sensitivity gap between rare galactic supernova bursts and the cosmological diffuse supernova neutrino background, allowing detailed studies of the neutrino emission of supernovae in the local Universe.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, published version
Effects of a Commercial Insurance Policy Restriction on Lumbar Fusion in North Carolina and the Implications for National Adoption
Creators: name: Mirza, Sohail K.
name: Tosteson, Anna N. A.
name: Carey, Timothy S.
name: Deyo, Richard A.
name: Martin, Brook I.
name: Lurie, Jon D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Analysis of the State Inpatient Database of North Carolina, 2005–2012, and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, including all inpatient lumbar fusion admissions from non-federal hospitals.
Hadronic Re-Acceleration at the Crab Pulsar Wind Termination Shock as a Source of PeV Gamma-Rays
Creators: name: Spencer, Samuel T.
name: Mitchell, Alison M. W.
name: Reville, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results from LHAASO and Tibet AS$γ$ suggest that the Crab Nebula's gamma-ray spectrum extends to the PeV energy range, however the production mechanisms of this highest energy emission remain unclear. It has been postulated that a secondary component of hadronic emission could explain the highest energy gamma-ray flux points, however the origin and acceleration mechanism for this hadronic population has yet to be explained. We postulate one scenario in which hadrons diffuse over time into the Crab pulsar wind nebula from the surrounding supernova ejecta, and are subsequently re-accelerated by the pulsar wind termination shock. We present results of direct particle transport simulations (including radial evolution) to determine if this scenario is viable over the lifetime of the Crab system.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. From proceedings of the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023)
Finite size of hadrons and Bose-Einstein Correlations
Creators: name: Bialas, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this presentation I report on the results of the paper we published recently together with Kacper Zalewski. It exploits the consequences of the observation that the hadrons, being the composite objects, cannot be produced too close to each other and thus must be correlated in space-time. One of these consequences, which we discuss here, is that the correlation function need not be larger than 1 (as is necessary if the space-time correlations are absent). Since the data from LEP and from LHC do show that the correlation function falls below 1, the particles must be correlated and we show that our observation does explain this unexpected effect.
description: Contribution to WPCF 2014, Gyongyos, Hungary
Context-independent mapping and free choice are equivalent
Creators: name: Dzhafarov, Ehtibar N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81P13

description: Free choice (or statistical independence) assumption in a hidden variable model (HVM) means that the settings chosen by experimenters do not depend on the values of the hidden variable. The assumption of context-independent (CI) mapping in an HVM means that the results of a measurement do not depend on settings for other measurements. If the measurements are spacelike separated, this assumption is known as local causality. Both free choice and CI mapping assumptions are considered necessary for derivation of the Bell-type criteria of contextuality/nonlocality. It is known, however, for a variety of special cases, that the two assumptions are not logically independent. We show here, in complete generality, for any system of random variables with or without disturbance/signaling, that an HVM that postulates CI mapping is equivalent to an HVM that postulates free choice. If one denies the possibility that a given empirical scenario can be described by an HVM in which measurements depend on other measurements' settings, free choice violations should be denied too, and vice versa. KEYWORDS: Contextuality; context-independent mapping; free choice; local causality; nonlocality.
description: The present version corrects a mistake in the published version (a corrigendum note is submitted as of September 1, 2022)
SU(2) gauge theory with $N_f=24$ quarks at non-zero mass
Creators: name: Rantaharju, Jarno
name: Rindlisbacher, Tobias
name: Rummukainen, Kari
name: Salami, Ahmed
name: Tuominen, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study SU(2) gauge field theory with $N_f=24$ quarks. The theory is asymptotically non-free and, at vanishing quark mass, governed by a Gaussian fixed point at long distances. On the other hand, at non-zero quark mass the quarks are expected to decouple at long distances and the system behaves like confining pure gauge SU(2) theory. We study the mass spectrum of the theory as the quark mass is varied and obtain scaling laws for meson masses and string tension. We also measure the evolution of the coupling constant at non-zero quark mass with gradient flow method. We observe unambiguously the decoupling of the quarks with the associated change of evolution of the coupling constant.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE2021 26th-30th July, 2021, Zoom/Gather@Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Muon $g-2$ and Screened Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: Davis, Anne-Christine
name: Elder, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how light scalar fields can account for the discrepancy between the theoretical and observed values of the anomalous magnetic moment of the (anti)muon. When coupled to both matter and photons, light scalar fields induce a change of the anomalous magnetic moment of charged particles. This arises from two concurrent effects. Classically, light scalars induce a change of the cyclotron frequency, complementing the electromagnetic effects coming from the magnetic and electric fields used experimentally. Light scalars also contribute to the anomalous magnetic moment quantum mechanically at the one-loop level. For unscreened scalar fields coupling with a Yukawa interaction to matter, these contributions are negligible after applying the Cassini bound on deviations from Newtonian gravity. On the other hand, screened scalars such as chameleons or symmetrons can couple strongly to matter in the laboratory and decouple in the Solar System. This allows us to probe branches of their parameter spaces where the recently measured anomalous magnetic moment of the (anti)muon can be accounted for in the chameleon and symmetron cases. This might be a hint that modified gravity is at play in the laboratory.
description: 38 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in PRD
Incidence and Cost of Ankle Sprains in United States Emergency Departments
Creators: name: Blanchette, Christopher M.
name: Wikstrom, Erik A.
name: Thomas, Abbey C.
name: Noone, Joshua M.
name: Shah, Shweta
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Ankle sprains represent a common injury in emergency departments, but little is known about common complications, procedures, and charges associated with ankle sprains in emergency departments.
Root mean squares of distance and geodesic between two constituent particles within fractal aggregates prepared by BCCA, DLA, and GSAW procedures
Creators: name: Arakawa, Sota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the geodesic properties of fractal aggregates is essential, as their thermal and mechanical properties are characterized by their geodesics. In this study, we investigate the root mean square (RMS) of the geodesic between two constituent particles within fractal aggregates prepared by ballistic cluster-cluster aggregation (BCCA), diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA), and growing self-avoiding walk (GSAW) processes in two- and three-dimensional spaces. We find that the dependence of the RMS of the geodesic on the number of constituent particles is given by the following equation: $N \approx k_{\rm g} {D_{\rm RMS}}^{d_{\rm g}}$, where $N$ is the number of constituent particles and $D_{\rm RMS}$ is the RMS of the geodesic. We numerically obtain the prefactor $k_{\rm g}$ and exponent $d_{\rm g}$ for these fractal aggregates. We name the exponent ``the geodesic dimension'', and it is compared with the fractal dimension. Our findings show that the difference between fractal and geodesic dimensions varies significantly depending on the preparation procedure for fractals.
description: 8 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in JPSJ
cMET inhibitor crizotinib impairs angiogenesis and reduces tumor burden in the C3(1)-Tag model of basal-like breast cancer
Creators: name: Zattra, Ottavia
name: Troester, Melissa A.
name: Freemerman, Alex J.
name: Montgomery, Stephanie A.
name: Essaid, Luma
name: McNaughton, Kirk K.
name: Ezzell, J. Ashley
name: Galanko, Joseph A.
name: Qin, Yuanyuan
name: Sundaram, Sneha
name: Cozzo, Alyssa J.
name: Makowski, Liza
name: Darr, David B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Epidemiologic studies have associated obesity with increased risk of the aggressive basal-like breast cancer (BBC) subtype. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling through its receptor, cMET, is elevated in obesity and is a pro-tumorigenic pathway strongly associated with BBC. We previously reported that high fat diet (HFD) elevated HGF, cMET, and phospho-cMET in normal mammary gland, with accelerated tumor development, compared to low fat diet (LFD)-fed lean controls in a murine model of BBC. We also showed that weight loss resulted in a significant reversal of HFD-induced effects on latency and elevation of HGF/cMET signaling in normal mammary and cMET in normal mammary and tumors. Here, we sought to inhibit BBC tumor progression in LFD- and HFD-fed C3(1)-Tag BBC mice using a small molecule cMET inhibitor, and began crizotinib treatment (50mg/kg body weight by oral gavage) upon identification of the first palpable tumor. We next investigated if administering crizotinib in a window prior to tumor development would inhibit or delay BBC tumorigenesis. Treatment: Crizotinib significantly reduced mean tumor burden by 27.96 and 37.29%, and mean tumor vascularity by 35.04 and 33.52%, in our LFD- and HFD-fed C3(1)-Tag BBC mice, respectively. Prevention: Crizotinib significantly accelerated primary tumor progression in both diet groups but had no effect on total tumor progression or total tumor burden. In sum, cMET inhibition by crizotinib limited tumor development and microvascular density in basal-like tumor-bearing mice but did not appear to be an effective preventive agent for BBC.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-1920-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Heavy quark dominance in orbital excitation of singly and doubly heavy baryons
Creators: name: Li, Zhen-Yu
name: Yu, Guo-Liang
name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
name: Gu, Jian-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mechanism of the heavy quark dominance in the orbital excitation is proposed in this paper which is testified to be reasonable for singly and doubly heavy baryons. In the relativistic quark model, an analysis of the Hamiltonian figures out the mechanism that the excitation mode with lower energy levels is always associated with the heavy quark(s), and the splitting of the energy levels is suppressed by the heavy quark(s). So, the heavy quarks dominate the orbital excitation of singly and doubly heavy baryons. Furthermore, a physical understanding of this mechanism is given in a semi-classical way. Accordingly, the predicted mass spectra of singly and doubly heavy baryons confirm the rationality of this mechanism. In addition, an interesting consequence of this mechanism is that a heavy-light meson is more likely to be produced in the strong decay of the high-orbital excited states, which is supported by experiments. This mechanism is rooted in the breakdown of the mass symmetry. Therefore, it may be also valid for other multi-quark systems, such as the tetraquarks Qqqq and QQqq, or the pentaquarks Qqqqq and QQqqq.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables
Modelling airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a local scale
Creators: name: Rahn, Simon
name: Gödel, Marion
name: Köster, Gerta
name: Hofinger, Gesine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has changed our lives and still poses a challenge to science. Numerous studies have contributed to a better understanding of the pandemic. In particular, inhalation of aerosolised pathogens has been identified as essential for transmission. This information is crucial to slow the spread, but the individual likelihood of becoming infected in everyday situations remains uncertain. Mathematical models help estimate such risks. In this study, we propose how to model airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a local scale. In this regard, we combine microscopic crowd simulation with a new model for disease transmission. Inspired by compartmental models, we describe agents' health status as susceptible, exposed, infectious or recovered. Infectious agents exhale pathogens bound to persistent aerosols, whereas susceptible agents absorb pathogens when moving through an aerosol cloud left by the infectious agent. The transmission depends on the pathogen load of the aerosol cloud, which changes over time. We propose a 'high risk' benchmark scenario to distinguish critical from non-critical situations. Simulating indoor situations show that the new model is suitable to evaluate the risk of exposure qualitatively and, thus, enables scientists or even decision-makers to better assess the spread of COVID-19 and similar diseases.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Failure patterns and survival outcomes in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): a 15 year comparison of 448 non-Hispanic black and white women
Creators: name: Efird, Jimmy T.
name: Zagar, Timothy M.
name: James, Sarah E.
name: Prasad, Shreya
name: Biswas, Tithi
name: Walker, Paul R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Purpose Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a distinct subtype of breast cancer with unique pathologic, molecular and clinical behavior. It occurs more frequently in young blacks and has been reported to have a shorter disease-free interval. We undertook this study to analyze the demographic characteristics, failure patterns, and survival outcomes in this disease. Methods A total of 448 non-Hispanic black and white women were identified over a 15 year period from 1996 to 2011. Demographic and clinical information including age, race, menopausal status, stage, tumor characteristics, and treatments were collected. Fisher’s exact test and multivariable Cox regression were used to compare failure patterns and survival outcomes between races. Results 49 % (n = 223) were black. 59 % patients were between 41 and 60 years, with 18 % ≤40 years. 57 % were premenopausal and 89 % had grade 3 tumors. Stage II (47 %) was most frequent stage at diagnosis followed by stage III (28 %). 32 % had lymphovascular invasion. Adjusting for age, stage, and grade, there was no difference in survival outcomes (OS, DFS, LFFS, and DFFS) between the two races. 62 (14 %) patients failed locally either in ipsilateral breast or chest wall, and 19 (4 %) failed in the regional lymphatics. Lung (18 %) was the most frequent distant failure site with <12 % each failing in brain, liver and bones. Conclusion Failure patterns and survival outcomes did not differ by race in this large collection of TNBC cases. Lung was the predominate site of distant failure followed by brain, bone, and liver. Few patients failed in the regional lymphatics.
Optimal Output Consensus of Heterogeneous Linear Multi-Agent Systems Over Weight-Unbalanced Directed Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Jin
name: Liu, Lu
name: Ji, Haibo
name: Wang, Xinghu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper investigates the distributed optimal output consensus problem of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems over weight-unbalanced directed networks. A novel distributed continuous-time state feedback controller is proposed to steer the outputs of all the agents to converge to the optimal solution of the global cost function. Under the standard condition that the unbalanced digraph is strongly connected and the local cost functions are strongly convex with global Lipschitz gradients, the exponential convergence of the closed-loop multi-agent system is established. Then, the proposed state feedback control law is extended to an observer-based output feedback setting. Two examples are finally provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Draft genome sequence of the marine Rhodobacteraceae strain O3.65, cultivated from oil-polluted seawater of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Creators: name: Teske, Andreas
name: Voget, Sonja
name: Giebel, Helge-Ansgar
name: Poehlein, Anja
name: Grosser, Katrin
name: Brinkhoff, Thorsten
name: Klotz, Franziska
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The marine alphaproteobacterium strain O3.65 was isolated from an enrichment culture of surface seawater contaminated with weathered oil (slicks) from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill and belongs to the ubiquitous, diverse and ecological relevant Roseobacter group within the Rhodobacteraceae. Here, we present a preliminary set of physiological features of strain O3.65 and a description and annotation of its draft genome sequence. Based on our data we suggest potential ecological roles of the isolate in the degradation of crude oil within the network of the oil-enriched microbial community. The draft genome comprises 4,852,484 bp with 4,591 protein-coding genes and 63 RNA genes. Strain O3.65 utilizes pentoses, hexoses, disaccharides and amino acids as carbon and energy source and is able to grow on several hydroxylated and substituted aromatic compounds. Based on 16S rRNA gene comparison the closest described and validated strain is Phaeobacter inhibens DSM 17395, however, strain O3.65 is lacking several phenotypic and genomic characteristics specific for the genus Phaeobacter. Phylogenomic analyses based on the whole genome support extensive genetic exchange of strain O3.65 with members of the genus Ruegeria, potentially by using the secretion system type IV. Our physiological observations are consistent with the genomic and phylogenomic analyses and support that strain O3.65 is a novel species of a new genus within the Rhodobacteraceae.
Quadratic-in-spin interactions at fifth post-Newtonian order probe new physics
Creators: name: Kim, Jung-Wook
name: Levi, Michèle
name: Yin, Zhewei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain for the first time all quadratic-in-spin interactions in spinning binaries at the third subleading order in post-Newtonian (PN) gravity, and provide their observable binding energies and their gauge-invariant relations to the angular momentum. Our results are valid for generic compact objects, orbits, and spin orientations, and enter at the fifth PN order for maximally-rotating objects, thus pushing the state of the art. This is accomplished through an extension of the effective field theory of spinning gravitating objects, and of its computational application. We also discover a new finite-size effect which is unique to spinning objects, with a new ``Spin Love number'' as its characteristic coefficient, that is a new probe for gravity and QCD.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, published
title: High Precision 3D Modelling of Complex Geological Structures: An Approach Combining Different Types of Software for Maximum Efficiency
Creators: name:  Thiemeyer ,  Tatjana
name:  Stehle ,  Manuela
name:  Dresbach ,  Christian
name:  Beushausen ,  Matthias
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: 3D modelling of complex salt structures for the purpose of final disposal of radioactive waste requires a particulary high degree of precision. In this perspective, conventional geological 3D modelling software fails to produce satisfying results. For this reason, BGR uses the software openGEO that allows the integration of all types of basic geoscientific data. In particular, for the management of ground-penetrating radar measurements a group of specific tools has been developed as part of the software package. However, compared to conventional 3D geological modelling software openGEO is more labour-intensive. This is because model surfaces are not created by an algorithmic procedure. Quite the contrary, surfaces need to be constructed manually by considering and incorporating all accessible data. Especially for areas within the model where data are limited and/or geological structures are simple in terms of geometry, the idea is, that the combination of openGEO with software that is based on an interpolation algorithm would facilitate the modelling process. As a first approach, simple geological structures were modelled in SKUA-GOCAD and merged with the model in openGEO. Here we present first results from combining both software packages in the described way. We used salt structures and their complex inner layers for testing the developed workflow. Thus, we are here introducing a more efficient approach compared to the sole use of openGEO and add a new level of flexibility. The workflow can potentially be applied to the 3D modelling in other geologically complex settings where a high degree of precion is required.
Marginal structural cox models with case-cohort sampling
Creators: name: Cai, Jianwen
name: Lee, Hana
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: A common objective of biomedical cohort studies is assessing the effect of a time-varying treatment or exposure on a survival time. In the presence of time-varying confounders, marginal structural models fit using inverse probability weighting can be employed to obtain a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator of the causal effect of a time-varying treatment. This article considers estimation of parameters in the semiparametric marginal structural Cox model (MSCM) from a case-cohort study. Case-cohort sampling entails assembling covariate histories only for cases and a random subcohort, which can be cost effective, particularly in large cohort studies with low outcome rates. Following Cole et al. (2012), we consider estimating the causal hazard ratio from a MSCM by maximizing a weighted-pseudo-partial-likelihood. The estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal under certain regularity conditions. Finite sample performance of the proposed estimator is evaluated in a simulation study. In the corresponding supplementary document, computation of the estimator using standard survival analysis software is presented.
Label-free virtual HER2 immunohistochemical staining of breast tissue using deep learning
Creators: name: Bai, Bijie
name: Wang, Hongda
name: Li, Yuzhu
name: de Haan, Kevin
name: Colonnese, Francesco
name: Wan, Yujie
name: Zuo, Jingyi
name: Doan, Ngan B.
name: Zhang, Xiaoran
name: Zhang, Yijie
name: Li, Jingxi
name: Dong, Wenjie
name: Darrow, Morgan Angus
name: Kamangar, Elham
name: Lee, Han Sung
name: Rivenson, Yair
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biomarker is widely practiced in breast tissue analysis, preclinical studies and diagnostic decisions, guiding cancer treatment and investigation of pathogenesis. HER2 staining demands laborious tissue treatment and chemical processing performed by a histotechnologist, which typically takes one day to prepare in a laboratory, increasing analysis time and associated costs. Here, we describe a deep learning-based virtual HER2 IHC staining method using a conditional generative adversarial network that is trained to rapidly transform autofluorescence microscopic images of unlabeled/label-free breast tissue sections into bright-field equivalent microscopic images, matching the standard HER2 IHC staining that is chemically performed on the same tissue sections. The efficacy of this virtual HER2 staining framework was demonstrated by quantitative analysis, in which three board-certified breast pathologists blindly graded the HER2 scores of virtually stained and immunohistochemically stained HER2 whole slide images (WSIs) to reveal that the HER2 scores determined by inspecting virtual IHC images are as accurate as their immunohistochemically stained counterparts. A second quantitative blinded study performed by the same diagnosticians further revealed that the virtually stained HER2 images exhibit a comparable staining quality in the level of nuclear detail, membrane clearness, and absence of staining artifacts with respect to their immunohistochemically stained counterparts. This virtual HER2 staining framework bypasses the costly, laborious, and time-consuming IHC staining procedures in laboratory, and can be extended to other types of biomarkers to accelerate the IHC tissue staining used in life sciences and biomedical workflow.
description: 26 Pages, 5 Figures