cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation III: Comparison, Calibration, and Results
Creators: name: Plowman, Joseph
name: Berger, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the last of three papers describing an `absolute' calibration of the GONG magnetograph using and end-to-end simulation of its measurement process. The simulation begins with a MURaM 3D MHD datacube and ends with a `synthetic magnetogram' of the corresponding magnetic field values as they would be observed by GONG. We determine a calibration by comparing the synthetic magnetic field measurements with the MURaM magnetic field values that produced them. The previous two papers have described the GONG measurement process (both instrument and data processing), our simulation of it, and the theory of magnetogram comparison and calibration. In this paper, we address some final points on calibration, combine all of this work into a set of calibration curves, and consider the results. We also review the results of the previous two papers for locality of reference. Our calibration indicates that GONG magnetograms underestimate weak flux by a factor of over 2 near disk center, but that factor decreases to about 1 as the line-of-sight approaches the limb. A preliminary investigation of the generalizability of these results suggests other instruments will be affected in a similar way. We also find that some differences in previous magnetograph comparisons are artifacts of instrumental resolution which do not reflect an intrinsic calibration difference, and the measurements are more similar than sometimes thought. These results are directly applicable to question of solar wind prediction model accuracies, particularly in the search for the cause of the common discrepancy between predicted solar wind magnetic flux at 1 AU and values measured in situ by current satellite missions.
description: Submitted to Solar Physics, third of three papers (the other two are arXiv submissions 3034511 and 3034641)
Fishing site choice modelling using Vessel Monitoring System data
Creators: name: Hynes, Stephen
name: Gerritsen, Hans
name: Breen, Benjamin
name: Johnson, Mark
name: Hynes, Stephen
name: Gerritsen, Hans
name: Breen, Benjamin
name: Johnson, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Discrete fisheries site choice model,
subject: ecosystem based fisheries
subject: management,
subject: random parameters logit,
subject: marine protected areas,
subject: fishing ground closure,
subject: demersal otter trawlers.

description: In this paper, EU Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data is combined with other site and vessel information and used to model the fishing site choice decision of Irish demersal otter trawlers. Uniquely, the fishing ground options used in the analysis reflect the actual seabed contours trawled by the fleet. The fishing site choice model, based on this natural site definition is compared to an alternative destination choice model where the fleet decision is specified using a grid based site definition as employed in previous work. It is argued that the natural site specification is a more realistic specification of the fisher site choice decision. Using the preferred natural fishing site choice model, a policy option involving the hypothetical closure of one of the fishing ground options is then simulated to examine the possible redistribution of fishing effort.
Understanding the implications of the UK HGV road usercharge for Irish maritime freight transport stakeholders
Creators: name: Vega, Amaya
name: Evers, Natasha
name: Vega, Amaya
name: Evers, Natasha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Road user charging in the European Union has evolved from a mechanism of financing the construction and maintenance of motorways to internalising the road user costs in line with the polluter pays principle. The United Kingdom introduced a HGV (Heavy Goods Vehicles) Road User Levy Act 2013, which became effective from 1 April 2014. Given Ireland's geographical location as a peripheral European nation, it has been historically dependent on the use of the British road network (UK land bridge) for exporting and importing goods to and from Europe. Irish exports are set to be the main growth driver for the Irish economy in real GDP and critical for economic revival. The UK's introduction of the new HGV road charge has raised serious concerns across the freight transport sector and policy-makers in the Republic of Ireland. Such concerns relate to who will be most exposed to the charge and the future aggregate economic impact on stakeholders of the export freight transport sector - notably, hauliers, freight forwarders and exporters. This research explores the potential implications of the newly introduced UK HGV road user charge for export freight transport stakeholders operating in the Republic of Ireland. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out with key stakeholders with the aim of understanding the extent to which these are affected by the road charge and the perceived feasibility of alternatives currently available for exporters and transport providers.
Additional file 1 of PERK/NRF2 and autophagy form a resistance mechanism against G9a inhibition in leukemia stem cells
Creators: name: Jang, Ji Eun
name: Ju-In Eom
name: Hoi-Kyung Jeung
name: Haerim Chung
name: Kim, Yu Ri
name: Kim, Jin Seok
name: June-Won Cheong
name: Min, Yoo Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Synergistic effects of the G9a and PERK inhibitor on apoptosis of primary acute myeloid LSCs. Figure S1. Effects of treatment with the PERK inhibitor GKS2606414 for 48 h in the presence or absence of 10 μM BIX-01294, on apoptosis. Figure S2. Effect of PERK inhibition on BIX-01294- induced apoptosis in KG1a cells. (A) KG1a cells were treated with 10 μM BIX-01294 in the presence or absence of the PERK inhibitor GSK260641 at 5 μM. After incubation for 48 h, the apoptotic fraction was measured using flow-cytometric analysis. (B) KG1a cells were transfected with PERK siRNA or scrambled siRNA as described in the Materials and Methods and then treated with 10 μM BIX-01294 for 48 h. Figure S3. Effects of treatment for 48 h with the NRF2 inhibitor brusatol in the presence or absence of 10 μM BIX-01294 on apoptosis. Figure S4. Effects of PERK inhibition in the absence or presence of 2 nM bafilomycin A1 on autophagy induction.
Social Interaction and Technology Adoption: Experimental Evidence from Improved Cookstoves in Mali
Creators: name: Bonan, Jacopo
name: Battiston, Pietro
name: Bleck, Jaimie
name: LeMay-Boucher, Philippe
name: Pareglio, Stefano
name: Sarr, Bassirou
name: Tavoni, Massimo
name: Bonan, Jacopo
name: Battiston, Pietro
name: Bleck, Jaimie
name: LeMay-Boucher, Philippe
name: Pareglio, Stefano
name: Sarr, Bassirou
name: Tavoni, Massimo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Technology Adoption
subject: Social Interaction
subject: Cookstoves
subject: Mali

description: We investigate the role of social interaction in technology adoption by conducting a field experiment in neighborhoods of Bamako. We invited women to attend a training/marketing session, where information on a more efficient cooking stove was provided and the chance to purchase the product at market price was offered. We randomly provided an information nudge on a peer’s willingness to buy an improved cookstove. We find that women purchase and use the product more when they receive information on a peer who purchased (or previously owned) the product, particularly if she is viewed as respected. In general, we find positive direct and spillover effects of attending the session. We also investigate whether social interaction plays a role in technology diffusion. We find that women who participated in the session, but did not buy during the intervention, are more likely to adopt the product when more women living around them own it. We investigate the mechanisms and provide evidence supporting imitation effects, rather than social learning or constraint interaction.
Additional file 1 of Agreement between continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution for cardiac output measurement in perioperative and intensive care medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kouz, Karim
name: Michard, Frederic
name: Bergholz, Alina
name: Vokuhl, Christina
name: Briesenick, Luisa
name: Hoppe, Phillip
name: Flick, Moritz
name: Schön, Gerhard
name: Saugel, Bernd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Electronic search strategy for PubMed. This file contains the full electronic search strategy for PubMed.
Entropic bonding of the type 1 pilus from experiment and simulation
Creators: name: Corsetti, Fabiano
name: Alonso-Caballero, Alvaro
name: Poly, Simon
name: Perez-Jimenez, Raul
name: Artacho, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The type 1 pilus is a bacterial filament consisting of a long coiled proteic chain of subunits joined together by non-covalent bonding between complementing $β$-strands. Its strength and structural stability are critical for its anchoring function in uropathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. The pulling and unravelling of the FimG subunit of the pilus was recently studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations [A. Alonso-Caballero et al., Nature Commun. 9, 2758 (2018)]. In this work we perform a quantitative comparison between experiment and simulation, showing a good agreement in the underlying work values for the unfolding. The simulation results are then used to estimate the free energy difference for the detachment of FimG from the complementing strand of the neighbouring subunit in the chain, FimF. Finally, we show that the large free energy difference for the unravelling and detachment of the subunits which leads to the high stability of the chain is entirely entropic in nature.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Numerical Analysis of the Capacities for Two-Qubit Unitary Operations
Creators: name: Berry, Dominic W.
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical results on the capacities of two-qubit unitary operations for creating entanglement and increasing the Holevo information of an ensemble. In all cases tested, the maximum values calculated for the capacities based on the Holevo information are close to the capacities based on the entanglement. This indicates that the capacities based on the Holevo information, which are very difficult to calculate, may be estimated from the capacities based upon the entanglement, which are relatively straightforward to calculate.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation I: Background, the GONG Instrument, and End-to-end Simulation
Creators: name: Plowman, Joseph
name: Berger, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first of three papers describing an `absolute' calibration of the GONG magnetograph using an end-to-end simulation of its measurement process. The input to this simulation is a MURaM 3D MHD photospheric simulation and the output is the corresponding set of simulated data numbers which would be recorded by the GONG detectors. These simulated data numbers are then used to produce `synthetic magnetograms' which can be compared with the simulation inputs. This paper describes the GONG instrument, the MURaM datacube, our instrument simulator, and calculation of synthetic magnetograms, setting the stage for the subsequent two papers. These will first lay groundwork for calibration (and magnetogram comparison in general), then apply them to calibration of GONG using the simulation results.
description: Submitted to Solar Physics, first of three papers (the other two are arXiv submissions 3034641 and 3034660)
Can the Paris Deal Boost SDGs Achievement? An Assessment of Climate Mitigation Co-benefits or Side-effects on Poverty and Inequality
Creators: name: Campagnolo, Lorenza
name: Davide, Marinella
name: Campagnolo, Lorenza
name: Davide, Marinella
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: SDGs
subject: Poverty
subject: Inequality
subject: CGE Model
subject: Mitigation Policy
subject: Paris Agreement

description: The paper analyses the synergies and trade-offs between emission reduction policies and sustainable development objectives. Specifically, it provides an ex-ante assessment that the impacts of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), submitted under the Paris Agreement, will have on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty eradication (SDG1) and reduced income inequality (SDG10). By combining an empirical analysis with a modelling exercise, the paper estimates the future trends of poverty prevalence and inequality across countries in a reference scenario and under a climate mitigation policy with alternative revenue recycling schemes. Our results suggest that a full implementation of the emission reduction contributions, stated in the NDCs, is projected to slow down the effort to reduce poverty by 2030 (+2% of the population below the poverty line compared to the baseline scenario), especially in countries that have proposed relatively more stringent mitigation targets and suffer higher policy costs. Conversely, countries with a stringent mitigation policy experience a reduction of inequality compared to baseline scenario levels. If financial support for mitigation action in developing countries is provided through an international climate fund, the prevalence of poverty will be slightly reduced at the aggregate level (185,000fewer poor people with respect to the mitigation scenario), but the country-specific effect depends on the relative size of funds flowing to beneficiary countries and on their economic structure.
Additional file 1 of Patient perspectives of bedside teaching in an obstetrics, Gynaecology and neonatology hospital
Creators: name: Carty, Michelle
name: O’Riordan, Nicola
name: Ivers, Mary
name: Higgins, Mary F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview Guide. Interview Guide for Semi-structured interviews of patients participating in Bedside Teaching.
Climate Policy Commitment Devices
Creators: name: Dengler, Sebastian
name: Gerlagh, Reyer
name: Trautmann, Stefan T.
name: Van De Kuilen, Gijs
name: Dengler, Sebastian
name: Gerlagh, Reyer
name: Trautmann, Stefan T.
name: Van De Kuilen, Gijs
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Climate Policy Instruments
subject: Intertemporal Cooperation
subject: Climate Game
subject: Experiments

description: We develop a dynamic resource extraction game that mimics the global multi-generation planning problem for climate change and fossil fuel extraction. We implement the game under different conditions in the laboratory. Compared to a ‘libertarian’ baseline condition, we find that policy interventions that provide a costly commitment device or reduce climate threshold uncertainty reduce resource extraction. We also study two conditions to assess the underlying social preferences and the viability of ecological dictatorship. Our results suggest that climate-change policies that focus on investments that lock the economy into carbon-free energy sources provide an important commitment device in the intertemporal cooperation problem.
Additional file 2 of Agreement between continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution for cardiac output measurement in perioperative and intensive care medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kouz, Karim
name: Michard, Frederic
name: Bergholz, Alina
name: Vokuhl, Christina
name: Briesenick, Luisa
name: Hoppe, Phillip
name: Flick, Moritz
name: Schön, Gerhard
name: Saugel, Bernd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Adapted QUADAS-2 questionnaire. This file contains the adapted QUADAS-2 questionnaire that was used to assess study quality by objectively performing judgments on bias and applicability of the included studies.
Density perturbations in a brane-world universe with dark radiation
Creators: name: Gumjudpai, Burin
name: Maartens, Roy
name: Gordon, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects on cosmological density perturbations of dark radiation in a Randall-Sundrum 2 type brane-world. Dark radiation in the background is limited by observational constraints to be a small fraction of the radiation energy density, but it has an interesting qualitative effect in the radiation era. On large scales, it serves to slightly suppress the radiation density perturbations at late times, while boosting the perturbations in dark radiation. In a kinetic (stiff) era, the suppression is much stronger, and drives the density perturbations to zero.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Foreign Direct Investment as Constituency Demand : Electoral Institutions and Bilateral Investment Treaties
Creators: name: Crisp, Brian
name: Jensen, Nathan
name: Rosas, Guillermo
name: Zeitzoff, Thomas
Publisher: name: Washington University in St. Louis
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Paper Presented at International Society for New Institutional Economics Conference, June 21-23 2007, Reykjavik, Iceland.
86 GHz SiO maser survey of late-type stars in the Inner Galaxy II. Infrared photometry of the SiO Target Stars
Creators: name: Messineo, M.
name: Habing, H. J.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Omont, A.
name: Sjouwerman, L. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a compilation and study of DENIS, 2MASS, ISOGAL, MSX and IRAS 1--25 micron photometry for a sample of 441 late-type stars in the inner Galaxy, which we previously searched for 86 GHz SiO maser emission (Messineo et al.2002). The comparison of the DENIS and 2MASS J and Ks magnitudes shows that most of the SiO targets are indeed variable stars. The MSX colours and the IRAS [12]-[25] colour of our SiO targets are consistent with those of Mira type stars with dust silicate feature at 9.7 micron feature in emission, indicating only a moderate mass-loss rate.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
The Power of Adiabatic Quantum Computation with No Sign Problem
Creators: name: Hastings, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a superpolynomial oracle separation between the power of adiabatic quantum computation with no sign problem and the power of classical computation.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures; v2 final version in Quantum
Additional file 3 of Agreement between continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution for cardiac output measurement in perioperative and intensive care medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kouz, Karim
name: Michard, Frederic
name: Bergholz, Alina
name: Vokuhl, Christina
name: Briesenick, Luisa
name: Hoppe, Phillip
name: Flick, Moritz
name: Schön, Gerhard
name: Saugel, Bernd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Summary of the included studies and cardiac output measurement data. This file contains a table summarizing the included studies and extracted cardiac output measurement data.
Contagion in Stable Networks
Creators: name: Bougheas, Spiros
name: Bougheas, Spiros
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Network Formation
subject: Stability
subject: Contagion

description: We study the formation of networks in environments where agents derive benefits from other agents directly linked to them but suffer losses through contagion when any agent on a path connected to them is hit by a shock. We first consider networks with undirected links (e.g. epidemics, underground resistance organizations, trade networks) where we find that stable networks are comprised of completely connected disjoint subnetworks. Then, we consider networks with directed links and we find that the completely connected network is stable, although, its exact structure, and thus contagion implications, is sensitive to parameter values for costs and benefits. Lastly, we introduce aggregate externalities (e.g. fire sales for the case of financial networks) and we find that stable networks can be asymmetric, connected but not completely connected, thus capturing the main features of inter-industry and financial networks.
Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation II: Theory of Calibration
Creators: name: Plowman, Joseph
name: Berger, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the second of three papers describing an `absolute' calibration of the GONG magnetograph using an end-to-end simulation of its measurement process. In the first paper, we described the GONG instrument and our `end-to-end' simulation of its measurement process. In this paper, we consider the theory of calibration, and magnetograph comparison in general, identifying some of the significant issues and pitfalls. The calibration of a magnetograph is a function of whether or not it preserves flux, independent of its spatial resolution. However, we find that the one-dimensional comparison methods most often used for magnetograph calibration and comparison will show dramatic differences between two magnetograms with differing spatial resolution, even if they both preserve flux. Some of the apparent disagreement between magnetograms found in the literature are likely a result of these instrumental resolution differences rather than any intrinsic calibration differences. To avoid them, spatial resolution must be carefully matched prior to comparing magnetograms or making calibration curves. In the third paper, we apply the lessons learned here to absolute calibration of GONG using our `end-to-end' measurement simulation.
description: Submitted to Solar Physics, second of three papers (the other two are arXiv submissions 3034511 and 3034660)
Domain structure dynamics in the ferromagnetic Kagome-lattice Weyl semimetal Co$_3$Sn$_2$S$_2$
Creators: name: Howlader, Sandeep
name: Ramachandran, Ranjini
name: Shama
name: Singh, Yogesh
name: Sheet, Goutam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Co$_3$Sn$_2$S$_2$, a Weyl semimetal that consists of layers of Kagome lattices, transitions from a high-temperature paramagnetic phase to a low-temperature ferromagnetic phase below 177 K. The phase transition occurs through an intermediate non-trivial magnetic phase, the so-called "A"-phase just below the Curie temperature. The "A"-phase was earlier linked with a competing anti-ferromagnetic phase, a spin-glass phase and certain indirect measurements indicated the possibility of magnetic Skyrmions in this phase. We have imaged the magnetic domain structure in a single crystal of Co$_3$Sn$_2$S$_2$ at different temperatures, magnetic fields and field-angles by magnetic force microscopy. At low temperatures, we observed stripe domains indicating presence of uniaxial anisotropy. Above 130 K, the domain walls become mobile and they tend to align relatively easily when the magnetic field is increased along the $c$-axis than in the $a-b$ plane. Our detailed study of field-dependent domain dynamics reveal that the anomalous nature of the phase transition just below $T_c$ is dominantly governed by domain wall motion.
description: This document contains 12 pages and 8 figures
The Destruction of Bars by Central Mass Concentrations
Creators: name: Shen, Juntai
name: Sellwood, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than two thirds of disk galaxies are barred to some degree. Many today harbor massive concentrations of gas in their centers, and some are known to possess supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their associated stellar cusps. Previous theoretical work has suggested that a bar in a galaxy could be dissolved by the formation of a mass concentration in the center, although the precise mass and degree of central concentration required is not well-established. We report an extensive study of the effects of central masses on bars in high-quality N-body simulations of galaxies. We have varied the growth rate of the central mass, its final mass and degree of concentration to examine how these factors affect the evolution of the bar. Our main conclusions are: (1) Bars are more robust than previously thought. The central mass has to be as large as several percent of the disk mass to completely destroy the bar on a short timescale. (2) For a given mass, dense objects cause the greatest reduction in bar amplitude, while significantly more diffuse objects have a lesser effect. (3) The bar amplitude always decreases as the central mass is grown, and continues to decay thereafter on a cosmological time-scale. (4) The first phase of bar-weakening is due to the destruction by the CMC of lower-energy, bar-supporting orbits, while the second phase is a consequence of secular changes to the global potential which further diminish the number of bar-supporting orbits. We provide detailed phase-space and orbit analysis to support this suggestion. Thus current masses of SMBHs are probably too small, even when dressed with a stellar cusp, to affect the bar in their host galaxies. The molecular gas concentrations found in some barred galaxies are also too diffuse to affect the amplitude of the bar significantly.
description: AASTeX v5.0 preprint; 44 pages, including 1 table and 16 figures. To appear in ApJ. High resolution version can be found at http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~shen/bar_destruct/paper_high_res.pdf
Which scaling rule applies to Artificial Neural Networks
Creators: name: Végh, János
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The experience shows that cooperating and communicating computing systems, comprising segregated single processors, have severe performance limitations. In his classic "First Draft" von Neumann warned that using a "too fast processor" vitiates his simple "procedure" (but not his computing model!); furthermore, that using the classic computing paradigm for imitating neuronal operations, is unsound. Amdahl added that large machines, comprising many processors, have an inherent disadvantage. Given that ANN's components are heavily communicating with each other, they are built from a large number of components designed/fabricated for use in conventional computing, furthermore they attempt to mimic biological operation using improper technological solutions, their achievable payload computing performance is conceptually modest. The type of workload that AI-based systems generate leads to an exceptionally low payload computational performance, and their design/technology limits their size to just above the "toy" level systems: the scaling of processor-based ANN systems is strongly nonlinear. Given the proliferation and growing size of ANN systems, we suggest ideas to estimate in advance the efficiency of the device or application. Through analyzing published measurements we provide evidence that the role of data transfer time drastically influences both ANNs performance and feasibility. It is discussed how some major theoretical limiting factors, ANN's layer structure and their methods of technical implementation of communication affect their efficiency. The paper starts from von Neumann's original model, without neglecting the transfer time apart from processing time; derives an appropriate interpretation and handling for Amdahl's law. It shows that, in that interpretation, Amdahl's Law correctly describes ANNs.
description: 32 pages; 5 figures
Survival of the Fittest : Why Terrorist Groups Endure
Creators: name: Young, Joseph K.
name: Dugan, Laura
Publisher: name: Perspectives on Terrorism
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: Article published in: Perspectives on Terrorism, vol. 8(2), Apr., 2014, pp. 2-23.
Surface vacuum energy and stresses on a plate uniformly accelerated through the Fulling-Rindler vacuum
Creators: name: Saharian, A. A.
name: Setare, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vacuum expectation value of the surface energy-momentum tensor is evaluated for a massless scalar field obeying mixed boundary condition on an infinite plate moving by uniform proper acceleration through the Fulling-Rindler vacuum. The generalized zeta function technique is used, in combination with the contour integral representation. The surface energies for separate regions on the left and on the right of the plate contain pole and finite contributions. Analytic expressions for both these contributions are derived. For a minimally coupled scalar the surface energy-momentum tensor induced by vacuum quantum effects corresponds to a source of the cosmological constant type located on the plate and with the cosmological constant determined by the proper acceleration of the plate.
description: 14 pages, 1 EPS figure
A Physical Realization of the Generalized PT-, C-, and CPT-Symmetries and the Position Operator for Klein-Gordon Fields
Creators: name: Mostafazadeh, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generalized parity (P), time-reversal (T), and charge-conjugation (C)operators were initially definedin the study of the pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We construct a concrete realization of these operators for Klein-Gordon fields and show that in this realization PT and C operators respectively correspond to the ordinary time-reversal and charge-grading operations. Furthermore, we present a complete description of the quantum mechanics of Klein-Gordon fields that is based on the construction of a Hilbert space with a relativistically invariant, positive-definite, and conserved inner product. In particular we offer a natural construction of a position operator and the corresponding localized and coherent states. The restriction of this position operator to the positive-frequency fields coincides with the Newton-Wigner operator. Our approach does not rely on the conventional restriction to positive-frequency fields. Yet it provides a consistent quantum mechanical description of Klein-Gordon fields with a genuine probabilistic interpretation.
description: 20 pages, published version
title: The development of the terrestrial broadcasting networks of the United Kingdom in the twentieth century
Creators: name: Sandell, Ronald
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: This thesis describes an investigation into the evolution of terrestrial broadcasting -a vital new medium that has had an enormous social impact. The approach has been to concentrate upon the research and development needed to plan the intricate radio and television transmitter networks. These processes required national and international agreement on the use of the radio frequency spectrum, and the specification of many hundreds of transmitting stations. They provided the link between the broadcasters and the public, and this work presents a unique illustration of a project which dealt with many novel technical problems whilst accommodating the demands of all those concerned with the exploitation of the medium. The UK became prominent in the field of broadcasting technology, particularly in areas concerned with propagation and service planning. The geographical position of this country between large land and sea masses, the nature of its terrain, meteorology and its population distribution, presented a wide range of distinctive problems. Research in the UK provided valuable evidence for the subsequent planning of services throughout the world, although during the rapid development of broadcasting it was impossible to examine fully all the experimental results which were produced. With resources not previously available, the author - engaged on planning work since the middle of the century - has researched evidence much of which was archived many years ago. It is not simply a work of historical interest, because new information concerning radio propagation has emerged. Its timing is also appropriate, because the beginning of the twenty-first century is witnessing revolutionary changes in broadcasting.
Additional file 4 of Agreement between continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution for cardiac output measurement in perioperative and intensive care medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kouz, Karim
name: Michard, Frederic
name: Bergholz, Alina
name: Vokuhl, Christina
name: Briesenick, Luisa
name: Hoppe, Phillip
name: Flick, Moritz
name: Schön, Gerhard
name: Saugel, Bernd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Risk of bias assessment. This file contains the results of the risk of bias assessment of all included studies.
Agricultural Trade Reform, Reallocation and Technical Change: Evidence from the Canadian Prairies
Creators: name: Brown, Mark
name: Ferguson, Shon M.
name: Viju, Crina
name: Brown, Mark
name: Ferguson, Shon M.
name: Viju, Crina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agricultural Trade Liberalization
subject: Export Subsidy
subject: Technical Change
subject: Farm Size
subject: Firm Heterogeneity

description: We decompose the impact of trade reform on technology adoption and land use to study how aggregate changes were driven by reallocation versus within-farm adaptation. Using detailed census data covering over 30,000 farms in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada we find a range of new results. We find that the reform-induced shift from producing low-value to high-value crops for export, the adoption of new seeding technologies and reduction in summerfallow observed at the aggregate level between 1991 and 2001 were driven mainly by the within-farm effect. In the longer run, however, reallocation of land from shrinking and exiting farms to growing and new farms explains more than half of the aggregate changes in technology adoption and land use between 1991 and 2011.
Time Response of Water-based Liquid Scintillator from X-ray Excitation
Creators: name: Onken, Drew R.
name: Moretti, Federico
name: Caravaca, Javier
name: Yeh, Minfang
name: Gann, Gabriel D. Orebi
name: Bourret, Edith D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water-based liquid scintillators (WbLS) present an attractive target medium for large-scale detectors with the ability to enhance the separation of Cherenkov and scintillation signals from a single target. This work characterizes the scintillation properties of WbLS samples based on LAB/PPO liquid scintillator (LS). X-ray luminescence spectra, decay profiles, and relative light yields are measured for WbLS of varying LS concentration as well as for pure LS with a range of PPO concentrations up to 90 g/L. The scintillation properties of the WbLS are related to the precursor LAB/PPO: starting from 90 g/L PPO in LAB before synthesis, the resulting WbLS have spectroscopic properties that instead match 10 g/L PPO in LAB. This could indicate that the concentration of active PPO in the WbLS samples depends on their processing.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to Materials Advances, a journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry
InGaP $χ^{(2)}$ integrated photonics platform for broadband, ultra-efficient nonlinear conversion and entangled photon generation
Creators: name: Akin, Joshua
name: Zhao, Yunlei
name: Misra, Yuvraj
name: Haque, A. K. M. Naziul
name: Fang, Kejie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear optics plays an important role in many areas of science and technology. The advance of nonlinear optics is empowered by the discovery and utilization of materials with growing optical nonlinearity. Here we demonstrate an indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) integrated photonics platform for broadband, ultra-efficient second-order nonlinear optics. The InGaP nanophotonic waveguide enables second-harmonic generation with a normalized efficiency of $128,000\%$/W/cm$^2$ at 1.55 $μ$m pump wavelength, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the state of the art in the telecommunication C band. Further, we realize an ultra-bright, broadband time-energy entangled photon source with a pair generation rate of 97 GHz/mW and a bandwidth of 115 nm centered at the telecommunication C band. The InGaP entangled photon source shows high coincidence-to-accidental counts ratio CAR $>10^4$ and two-photon interference visibility $>98\%$. The InGaP second-order nonlinear photonics platform will have wide-ranging implications for non-classical light generation, optical signal processing, and quantum networking.
Low energy constants from the chirally improved Dirac operator D_CI
Creators: name: Gattringer, Christof
name: Huber, Philipp
name: Lang, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The leading order low energy parameters like the pion decay constant or the quark condensate are well-known from "classical" low energy theorems and experiments. It is a challenge, however, to find these parameters based exclusively on an ab-initio QCD calculation. We discuss results of a quenched lattice calculation of low energy constants using the chirally improved Dirac operator. Several lattice sizes at different lattice spacings are studied, using pseudoscalar and axial vector correlators. We find consistent results for f_π= 96(2) MeV, f_K = 105(2) MeV, Σ= -(286(4) MeV)^3, the average light quark mass m = 4.1(2.4) MeV and m_s = 101(8) MeV.
description: Poster presented at Lattice2005 (Chiral fermions), Dublin, July 25-30, 2005; 6 pages, 4 figures, uses PoS.cls; to appear in Proceedings of Science
The Structure of Tidal Disruption Event Host Galaxies on Scales of Tens to Thousands of Parsecs
Creators: name: French, K. Decker
name: Arcavi, Iair
name: Zabludoff, Ann I.
name: Stone, Nicholas
name: Hiramatsu, Daichi
name: van Velzen, Sjoert
name: McCully, Curtis
name: Jiang, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the galaxy structure of four tidal disruption event (TDE) host galaxies on 30 pc to kpc scales using HST WFC3 multi-band imaging. The star formation histories of these hosts are diverse, including one post-starburst galaxy (ASASSN-14li), two hosts with recent weak starbursts (ASASSN-14ae and iPTF15af), and one early type (PTF09ge). Compared to early type galaxies of similar stellar masses, the TDE hosts have higher central surface brightnesses and stellar mass surface densities on 30-100 pc scales. The TDE hosts do not show the large, kpc-scale tidal disruptions seen in some post-starburst galaxies; the hosts have low morphological asymmetries similar to those of early type galaxies. The lack of strong asymmetries are inconsistent with a recent major (~1:1 mass) merger, although minor ($\lesssim$1:3) mergers are possible. Given the time elapsed since the end of the starbursts in the three post-burst TDE hosts and the constraints on the merger mass ratios, it is unlikely that a bound supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) has had time to coalesce. The TDE hosts have low central (<140 pc) ellipticities compared to early type galaxies. The low central ellipticities disfavor a strong radial anisotropy as the cause for the enhanced TDE rate, although we cannot rule out eccentric disks at the scale of the black hole gravitational radius of influence (~1 pc). These observations suggest that the high central stellar densities are a more important driver than SMBHBs or radial anisotropies in increasing the TDE rate in galaxies with recent starbursts.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 22 pages, 12 figures
Abundances of neutron-capture elements in the Hot Extreme-Helium Stars V1920 Cygni and HD 124448
Creators: name: Pandey, Gajendra
name: Lambert, David L.
name: Rao, N. Kameswara
name: Jeffery, C. Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of HST STIS ultraviolet spectra of two hot extreme helium stars (EHes): V1920 Cyg and HD 124448 provide the first measurements of abundances of neutron-capture elements for EHes. Although the two stars have similar abundances for elements up through the iron-group, they differ strikingly in their abundances of heavier elements: V1920 Cyg is enriched by a factor of 30 in light neutron-capture elements (Y/Fe, Zr/Fe) relative to HD 124448. These differences in abundances of neutron-capture elements among EHes mirrors that exhibited by the RCrB stars, and is evidence supporting the view that there is an evolutionary connection between these two groups of hydrogen-deficient stars. Also, the abundances of Y and Zr in V1920 Cyg provide evidence that at least one EHe star went through a s-process synthesis episode in its earlier evolution.
description: 4 pages (embedded figure and table), accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Additional file 6 of Agreement between continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution for cardiac output measurement in perioperative and intensive care medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kouz, Karim
name: Michard, Frederic
name: Bergholz, Alina
name: Vokuhl, Christina
name: Briesenick, Luisa
name: Hoppe, Phillip
name: Flick, Moritz
name: Schön, Gerhard
name: Saugel, Bernd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Funnel plot for the percentage error with Eggers regression test. Funnel plot indicating the risk of publication bias across studies including Eggers regression for the percentage error. CO, cardiac output.
Evolution of non-Kramers Doublets in Magnetic Field PrNi$_2$Cd$_{20}$ and PrPd$_2$Cd$_{20}$
Creators: name: Konic, A. M.
name: Adhikari, R. B.
name: Kunwar, D. L.
name: Kirmani, A. A.
name: Breindel, A.
name: Sheng, R.
name: Maple, M. B.
name: Dzero, M.
name: Almasan, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Praseodymium-based 1-2-20 cage compounds Pr$T_2X_{20}$ ($T$ is generally Ti, V, Nb, Ru, Rh, Ir; and $X$ is either Al, Zn or Cd) provide yet another platform to study non-trivial electronic states of matter ranging from topological and magnetic orders to unconventional multipolar orders and superconductivity. In this paper, we report measurements of the electronic heat capacity in two Pr-based 1-2-20 materials: PrNi$_2$Cd$_{20}$ and PrPd$_2$Cd$_{20}$. We find that the lowest energy multiplet of the Pr $4f^2$ valence configuration is a $Γ_3$ non-Kramers doublet and the first excited triplet is assumed to be a magnetic $Γ_5$. By analyzing the dependence of the energy splitting between the ground and first excited singlet states on external magnetic field, we found that the maximum in the heat capacity corresponding to the Schottky anomaly in PrPd$_2$Cd$_{20}$, unlike PrNi$_2$Cd$_{20}$, shows pronounced linear dependence on external magnetic field at higher field values. This effect is associated with the exchange interactions between the field-induced magnetic dipole moments.