cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing the Nature of the G1 Clump Stellar Overdensity in the Outskirts of M31
Creators: name: Faria, Daniel
name: Johnson, Rachel A.
name: Ferguson, Annette M. N.
name: Irwin, Mike J.
name: Ibata, Rodrigo A.
name: Johnston, Kathryn V.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Tanvir, Nial R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep HST/ACS observations of the G1 clump, a distinct stellar overdensity lying at ~30 kpc along the south-western major axis of M31 close to the G1 globular cluster (Ferguson et al. 2002). Our well-populated colour-magnitude diagram reaches ~7 magnitudes below the red giant branch tip with 90% completeness, and allows the detection of various morphological features which can be used to derive detailed constraints on the age and metallicity of the constituent stellar population. We find that the colour-magnitude diagram is best described by a population with a large age range (>= 10 Gyr) and a relatively high mean metallicity [M/H]= -0.4. The spread in metallicity is constrained to be <=0.5 dex. The star formation rate in this region has declined over time, with the bulk of the stellar mass having formed >6 Gyr ago. Nonetheless, a non-negligible mass fraction (approximately 10%) of the population has formed in the last 2 Gyr. We discuss the nature of the G1 Clump in light of these new stellar population constraints and argue that the combination of stellar content and physical size make it unlikely that the structure is the remnant of an accreted dwarf galaxy. Instead, the strong similarity between the stellar content of the G1 Clump and that of the M31 outer disk suggests the substructure is a fragment of the outer disk, perhaps torn off from the main body during a past accretion/merger event; this interpretation is consistent with extant kinematical data. If this interpretation is correct, our analysis of the stellar content provides further evidence that the outskirts of large disk galaxies have been in place for a significant time.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ. 13 pages, 12 figures. Figure 1, 5, 9, and 10 at reduced resolution. High resolution version available at http://www.astro.lu.se/~daniel/g1/g1.ps
MRI lesion activity in relapsing-remitting patients with multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Zhao, Guo Jun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system seen mainly in young adults in which demyelination is the most specific pathological change. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive method for imaging MS lesions. Serial MRI can detect brain lesion activity in MS and provide an important tool for monitoring therapeutic trials. Fifty relapsing-remitting MS patients, as part of a beta-interferon trial, were examined every 6 weeks with MRI for a 2 year period in this study. The patients were randomized into three treatment arms: placebo (N=17), 1.6 mlU (N=17), and 8 mlU (N=16) beta-interferon self-administered subcutaneously every other day. Activity of MS lesions on MRI was defined as new (first appearance), enlarging (increase in size of preexisting lesion), recurrent (reappearance of lesions that had disappeared), and enhancing (lesion enhancement on Tl weighted MRI scan after a contrast agent, gadolinium, injection). Lesion activity as detected in serial MRI examination is much more common than the clinical relapse rate. Study of lesion activity is helpful in understanding MS. This thesis includes serial studies of lesion activity on MRI. The studies are (1) to detect the activity of the individual lesion in order to see if there was any characteristics that distinguished active lesions from each other and from stable ones; (2) to identify the features of enhancing and non-enhancing lesions in shape, size, and location to learn the difference between morphologically active and gadolinium enhancing lesions due to their pathological difference; (3) to describe the growth pattern of enlarging MS lesions as we believe that enlarging lesions differ pathologically from new ones; (4) to compare the sensitivity of gadolinium MRI with unenhanced serial MRI in detecting activity of lesions to see which one is the more sensitive technique for detecting active lesions. The findings from the studies disclose features of MS active lesions that provide more information in understanding the natural history of MS. To determine how much MS lesion activity information, as detected with frequent serial MRI, is lost if a less frequent scan interval is used, a study of effects of scanning frequency was carried out. Lesion activity was assessed in a blinded fashion at scan intervals of 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. We found that scanning in less than 6 week intervals detects fewer active MS lesions. Active lesions located in the corticospinal tract were studied to see any relationship between MRI activity and clinical course. The study found that there was a positive relationship between active lesions in the corticospinal tract and clinical relapses. To monitor lesion activity as an outcome to measure therapeutic trials, a study of 50 Vancouver patients was conducted. The result provides further evidence that lesion activity measurement is a useful and sensitive tool in a therapeutic trial even with small group of patients.
Super-resolution Guided Pore Detection for Fingerprint Recognition
Creators: name: Ferdous, Syeda Nyma
name: Dabouei, Ali
name: Dawson, Jeremy
name: Nasrabadi, Nasser M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Performance of fingerprint recognition algorithms substantially rely on fine features extracted from fingerprints. Apart from minutiae and ridge patterns, pore features have proven to be usable for fingerprint recognition. Although features from minutiae and ridge patterns are quite attainable from low-resolution images, using pore features is practical only if the fingerprint image is of high resolution which necessitates a model that enhances the image quality of the conventional 500 ppi legacy fingerprints preserving the fine details. To find a solution for recovering pore information from low-resolution fingerprints, we adopt a joint learning-based approach that combines both super-resolution and pore detection networks. Our modified single image Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (SRGAN) framework helps to reliably reconstruct high-resolution fingerprint samples from low-resolution ones assisting the pore detection network to identify pores with a high accuracy. The network jointly learns a distinctive feature representation from a real low-resolution fingerprint sample and successfully synthesizes a high-resolution sample from it. To add discriminative information and uniqueness for all the subjects, we have integrated features extracted from a deep fingerprint verifier with the SRGAN quality discriminator. We also add ridge reconstruction loss, utilizing ridge patterns to make the best use of extracted features. Our proposed method solves the recognition problem by improving the quality of fingerprint images. High recognition accuracy of the synthesized samples that is close to the accuracy achieved using the original high-resolution images validate the effectiveness of our proposed model.
Signatures for generalized macroscopic superpositions
Creators: name: Cavalcanti, E. G.
name: Reid, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop criteria sufficient to enable detection of macroscopic coherence where there are not just two macroscopically distinct outcomes for a pointer measurement, but rather a spread of outcomes over a macroscopic range. The criteria provide a means to distinguish a macroscopic quantum description from a microscopic one based on mixtures of microscopic superpositions of pointer-measurement eigenstates. The criteria are applied to Gaussian-squeezed and spin-entangled states.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, some changes made
Predictive risk estimation for the Expectation Maximization algorithm with Poisson data
Creators: name: Massa, Paolo
name: Benvenuto, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we introduce a novel estimator of the predictive risk with Poisson data, when the loss function is the Kullback-Leibler divergence, in order to define a regularization parameter's choice rule for the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. To this aim, we prove a Poisson counterpart of the Stein's Lemma for Gaussian variables, and from this result we derive the proposed estimator showing its analogies with the well-known Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimator valid for a quadratic loss. We prove that the proposed estimator is asymptotically unbiased with increasing number of measured counts, under certain mild conditions on the regularization method. We show that these conditions are satisfied by the EM algorithm and then we apply this estimator to select its optimal reconstruction. We present some numerical tests in the case of image deconvolution, comparing the performances of the proposed estimator with other methods available in the literature, both in the inverse crime and non-inverse crime setting.
Sums of Squares: A Real Projective Story
Creators: name: Blekherman, Grigoriy
name: Sinn, Rainer
name: Smith, Gregory G.
name: Velasco, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The relationship between nonnegative polynomials and sums of squares is one of the central questions in real algebraic geometry. A modern approach is to look at nonnegative polynomials and sums of squares on a real variety. We survey the rich history of this area and focus on recent developments highlighting unexpected links to complex algebraic geometry and commutative algebra.
description: to appear in the Notices of the AMS
Experimental evidence for magnetorotational instability in a helical magnetic field
Creators: name: Stefani, Frank
name: Gundrum, Thomas
name: Gerbeth, Gunter
name: Rüdiger, Günther
name: Schultz, Manfred
name: Szklarski, Jacek
name: Hollerbach, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent paper [R. Hollerbach and G. Rudiger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 124501 (2005)] has shown that the threshold for the onset of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in a Taylor-Couette flow is dramatically reduced if both axial and azimuthal magnetic fields are imposed. In agreement with this prediction, we present results of a Taylor-Couette experiment with the liquid metal alloy GaInSn, showing evidence for the existence of the MRI at Reynolds numbers of order 1000 and Hartmann numbers of order 10.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Spectroscopic classification of a complete sample of astrometrically-selected quasar candidates using Gaia DR2
Creators: name: Heintz, K. E.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Geier, S. J.
name: Møller, P.
name: Krogager, J. -K.
name: Konstantopoulou, C.
name: de Burgos, A.
name: Christensen, L.
name: Steinhardt, C. L.
name: Milvang-Jensen, B.
name: Jakobsson, P.
name: Høg, E.
name: Arvedlund, B. E. H. K.
name: Christiansen, C. R.
name: Hansen, T. B.
name: Henriksen, P. D.
name: Kuszon, K. B.
name: McKenzie, I. B.
name: Mosekjær, K. A.
name: Paulsen, M. F. K.
name: Sukstorf, M. N.
name: Wilson, S. N.
name: Ørgaard, S. K. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we explore the efficiency and fidelity of a purely astrometric selection of quasars as point sources with zero proper motions in the {\it Gaia} data release 2 (DR2). We have built a complete candidate sample including 104 Gaia-DR2 point sources brighter than $G<20$ mag within one degree of the north Galactic pole (NGP), all with proper motions consistent with zero within 2$σ$ uncertainty. In addition to pre-existing spectra, we have secured long-slit spectroscopy of all the remaining candidates and find that all 104 stationary point sources in the field can be classified as either quasars (63) or stars (41). The selection efficiency of the zero-proper-motion criterion at high Galactic latitudes is thus $\approx 60\%$. Based on this complete quasar sample we examine the basic properties of the underlying quasar population within the imposed limiting magnitude. We find that the surface density of quasars is 20 deg$^{-2}$, the redshift distribution peaks at $z\sim1.5$, and that only eight systems ($13^{+5}_{-3}\%$) show significant dust reddening. We then explore the selection efficiency of commonly used optical, near- and mid-infrared quasar identification techniques and find that they are all complete at the $85-90\%$ level compared to the astrometric selection. Finally, we discuss how the astrometric selection can be improved to an efficiency of $\approx70\%$ by including an additional cut requiring parallaxes of the candidates to be consistent with zero within 2$σ$. The selection efficiency will further increase with the release of future, more sensitive astrometric measurement from the Gaia mission. This type of selection, purely based on the astrometry of the quasar candidates, is unbiased in terms of colours and emission mechanisms of the quasars and thus provides the most complete census of the quasar population within the limiting magnitude of Gaia.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. Abstract abridged
Properties of Wide-separation Lensed Quasars by Clusters of Galaxies in the SDSS
Creators: name: Li, G. L.
name: Mao, S.
name: Jing, Y. P.
name: Lin, W. P.
name: Oguri, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use high-resolution N-body numerical simulations to study the number of predicted large-separation multiply-imaged systems produced by clusters of galaxies in the SDSS photometric and spectroscopic quasar samples. We incorporate the condensation of baryons at the centre of clusters by (artificially) adding a brightest central galaxy (BCG) as a truncated isothermal sphere. We make predictions in two flat cosmological models: a LCDM model with a matter density $Ω_0=0.3$, and $σ_8=0.9$ (LCDM0), and a model favoured by the WMAP three-year data with $Ω_0=0.238$, and $σ_8=0.74$ (WMAP3). We found that the predicted multiply-imaged quasars with separation >10" is about 6.2 and 2.6 for the SDSS photometric (with an effective area 8000 deg$^2$) and spectroscopic (with an effective area 5000 deg$^2$) quasar samples respectively in the LCDM0 model; the predicted numbers of large-separation lensed quasars agree well with the observations. These numbers are reduced by a factor of 7 or more in the WMAP3 model, and are consistent with data at < 8% level. The predicted cluster lens redshift peaks around redshift 0.5, and 90% are between 0.3 and 1. We find that the BCG creates a central circular region, comparable to the Einstein ring of the BCG, where the central image disappears in the usual three-image and five-image configurations. If we include four image systems as an extreme case of five-image systems (with an infinitely demagnified central image), we find that 68% of the central images are fainter by a factor of 100 than the brightest image, and about 80% are within 1.5"of the BCG.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
The role of heritage revitalization in the downtown revitalization process : the case study of Columbia Street in downtown, New Westminster, B.C.
Creators: name: Spitale, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis explores the role of heritage revitalization in the downtown revitalization process. Heritage revitalization is defined as the economic benefits derived from heritage conservation. Three questions are addressed in this thesis; they are: 1. Does the Provincial Heritage Conservation Statutes Amendment Act. 1994 provide local governments in British Columbia with the necessary tools to respond to the unique circumstances of heritage revitalization? 2. Can heritage revitalization strategies improve the economic viability of historic downtowns? 3. What planning lessons can be learned from the experiences of many Canadian and American cities that have implemented successful downtown heritage revitalization strategies? A case study approach is used in this thesis to evaluate the role of heritage revitalization in the economic renewal of downtowns. The thesis case study is the 400 to 800 blocks of Columbia Street, located in downtown New Westminster, British Columbia. Columbia Street is the historic commercial core of New Westminster. A conceptual framework is developed which details the planning steps necessary in formulating a heritage revitalization strategy. The conceptual framework is based on approaches from several North American cities successful in rejuvenating their historic downtowns. This framework is applied to the Columbia Street case study and is used in the evaluation of heritage strategies for consideration. The thesis research concludes that Columbia Street is a sensitive heritage precinct in need of heritage policies, and a balance between heritage regulations and incentives. A heritage revitalization strategy is recommended for Columbia Street. The strategy contains specific heritage policies, zoning amendments and financial incentives designed to protect various heritage buildings on Columbia Street and Downtown New Westminster's overall character.
Direct Measurement of the Ratio of Carbon Monoxide to Molecular Hydrogen in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Burgh, Eric B.
name: France, Kevin
name: McCandliss, Stephan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used archival far-ultraviolet spectra from observations made by HST/STIS and FUSE to determine the column densities and rotational excitation temperatures for CO and H2, respectively, along the lines of sight to 23 Galactic O and B stars. The sightlines have reddening values in the range E(B-V)= 0.07-0.62, sampling the diffuse to translucent interstellar medium. We find that the H2 column densities range from 5x10^18-8x10^20 cm^-2 and the CO from upper limits around 2x10^12 cm^-2 to detections as high as 1.4x10^16 cm^-2. CO increases with increasing H2, roughly following a power law of factor \~2. The CO/H2 column density ratio is thus not constant, and ranges from 10^-7 - 10^-5, with a mean value of 3x10^-6. The sample segregates into "diffuse" and "translucent" regimes, the former having a molecular fraction less than ~0.25 and A_V/d<1 mag kpc^-1. The mean CO/H2 for these two regimes are 3.6x10^-7 and 9.3x10^-6, respectively, significantly lower than the canonical dark cloud value of 10^-4. In six of the sightlines, 13CO is observed, and the isotopic ratio we observe (~50-70) is consistent with, if perhaps a little below, the average 12C/13C for the ISM at large. The average H2 rotational excitation temperature is 74+/-24 K, in good agreement with previous studies, and the average CO temperature is 4.1 K, with some sightlines as high as 6.4 K. The higher excitation CO is observed with higher column densities, consistent with the effects of photon trapping in clouds with densities in the 20-100 cm^-3 range. We discuss the implications for the structure of the diffuse/translucent regimes of the interstellar medium and the estimation of molecular mass in galaxies.
description: emualateapj style, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted on 21 Nov 2006 for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Phase diagram at finite temperature and quark density in the strong coupling region of lattice QCD for color SU(3)
Creators: name: Ohnishi, A.
name: Kawamoto, N.
name: Miura, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of quark matter at finite temperature (T) and chemical potential (mu) in the strong coupling region of lattice QCD for color SU(3). Baryon has effects to extend the hadron phase to a larger mu direction relative to Tc at low temperatures in the strong coupling limit. With the 1/g^2 corrections, Tc is found to decrease rapidly as g decreases, and the shape of the phase diagram becomes closer to that expected in the real world.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, Shanghai, China, Nov. 14-20, 2006 (Quark Matter 2006)
$\text{O}^2$PF: Oversampling via Optimum-Path Forest for Breast Cancer Detection
Creators: name: Passos, Leandro Aparecido
name: Jodas, Danilo Samuel
name: Ribeiro, Luiz C. F.
name: Pinheiro, Thierry
name: Papa, João P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Breast cancer is among the most deadly diseases, distressing mostly women worldwide. Although traditional methods for detection have presented themselves as valid for the task, they still commonly present low accuracies and demand considerable time and effort from professionals. Therefore, a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system capable of providing early detection becomes hugely desirable. In the last decade, machine learning-based techniques have been of paramount importance in this context, since they are capable of extracting essential information from data and reasoning about it. However, such approaches still suffer from imbalanced data, specifically on medical issues, where the number of healthy people samples is, in general, considerably higher than the number of patients. Therefore this paper proposes the $\text{O}^2$PF, a data oversampling method based on the unsupervised Optimum-Path Forest Algorithm. Experiments conducted over the full oversampling scenario state the robustness of the model, which is compared against three well-established oversampling methods considering three breast cancer and three general-purpose tasks for medical issues datasets.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. 2020 IEEE 33rd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)
ZSCAN25 methylation predicts seizures and severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Creators: name: Andersen, Allan
name: Milefchik, Emily
name: Papworth, Emma
name: Penaluna, Brandan
name: Dawes, Kelsey
name: Moody, Joanna
name: Weeks, Gracie
name: Froehlich, Ellyse
name: deBlois, Kaitlyn
name: Long, Jeffrey D
name: Philibert, Robert
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mental Health

description: Currently, clinicians use their judgement and indices such as the Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Scale (PAWSS) to determine whether patients are admitted to hospitals for consideration of withdrawal syndrome (AWS). However, only a fraction of those admitted will experience severe AWS. Previously, we and others have shown that epigenetic indices, such as the Alcohol T-Score (ATS), can quantify recent alcohol consumption. However, whether these or other alcohol biomarkers, such as carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), could identify those at risk for severe AWS is unknown. To determine this, we first conducted genome-wide DNA methylation analyses of subjects entering and exiting alcohol treatment to identify loci whose methylation quickly reverted as a function of abstinence. We then tested whether methylation at a rapidly reverting locus, cg07375256, or other existing metrics including PAWSS scores, CDT levels, or ATS, could predict outcome in 125 subjects admitted for consideration of AWS. We found that PAWSS did not significantly predict severe AWS nor seizures. However, methylation at cg07375256 (ZSCAN25) and CDT strongly predicted severe AWS with ATS (p < 0.007) and cg07375256 (p < 6 × 10–5) methylation also predicting AWS associated seizures. We conclude that epigenetic methods can predict those likely to experience severe AWS and that the use of these or similar Precision Epigenetic approaches could better guide AWS management.
Metastability and magnetic memory effect in Ni-Mn-Sn alloy
Creators: name: Chatterjee, S.
name: Giri, S.
name: Majumdar, S.
name: De, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magneto-structural instability in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy of composition Ni$_2$Mn$_{1.4}$Sn$_{0.6}$ is investigated by transport and magnetic measurements. Large negative magnetoresistance is observed around the martensitic transition temperature (90-210 K). Both magnetization and magnetoresistance data indicate that upon the application of an external magnetic field at a constant temperature, the sample attains a field-induced arrested state which persists even when the field is withdrawn. We observe an intriguing behavior of the arrested state that it can remember the last highest field it has experienced. The field-induced structural transition plays the key role for the observed anomaly and the observed irreversibility can be accounted by the Landau-type free energy model for the first order phase transition.
The effect of training and development on employee attitude as it relates to training and work proficiency
Creators: name: Truitt, Debra L.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Training and Development
Conflict Management
Employee attitude

description: One of the fundamental issues facing businesses, organizations and institutions today is conflict management. An important aspect of that management is human resource development, which plays a key role in conflict management and diffusion. It is incumbent upon training and development professionals to design, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of their programs in reducing disputes in workplace performance.

This study explores the relationships between training experiences and attitudes and attitudes about perceived job proficiency. In a sample of 237 full-time salaried/exempt and hourly/ non-exempt employees from one academic institution and three businesses in the states of Maryland, Delaware and Arizona, we find a direct relationship between one's positive training experiences and attitudes and one's proficiency. In this study, 86.8% of those who had updated training had the most positive attitudes towards training (Gamma = .293, p < .05). Furthermore, 80% of those who had negative training attitudes also had negative views on their proficiency (Gamma = .465, p < .000).
The AFLOW Library of Crystallographic Prototypes: Part 3
Creators: name: Hicks, David
name: Mehl, Michael J.
name: Esters, Marco
name: Oses, Corey
name: Levy, Ohad
name: Hart, Gus L. W.
name: Toher, Cormac
name: Curtarolo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The AFLOW Library of Crystallographic Prototypes has been extended to include a total of 1,100 common crystal structural prototypes (510 new ones with Part 3), comprising all of the inorganic crystal structures defined in the seven-volume Strukturbericht series published in Germany from 1937 through 1943. We cover a history of the Strukturbericht designation system, the evolution of the system over time, and the first comprehensive index of inorganic Strukturbericht designations ever published.
description: 1885 pages, 1020 figures, volume 3 encyclopedia
INVESTIGATING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BIOPOLYMERS AND BLOOD VIA OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
Creators: name: MacIntire, Ian Collins
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Engineering

description: Hydrophobically modified (hm) derivatives of biopolymers such as chitosan have been shown to convert liquid blood into an elastic gel. This interesting material property could make hm-chitosan (hmC) useful as a hemostatic agent in treating severe bleeding. In this work, we attempted to probe the mechanism of action of hmC by studies on mixtures of blood cells and hmC using optical microscopy. Our results show that the presence of hydrophobic tails on hmC induces significant clustering of blood cells. We show that clustering increases as the fraction of hydrophobic tails on hmC increases, length of the hydrophobic tails increases, and as concentration of hmC increases. Finally, clustering due to hmC could be reversed by the addition of the supramolecule a-cyclodextrin, which is known to capture hydrophobes in its binding pocket. The results from this work support the earlier mechanism, with a few important modifications.
Exact shock solution of a coupled system of delay differential equations: a car-following model
Creators: name: Tutiya, Yohei
name: Kanai, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present exact shock solutions of a coupled system of delay differential equations, which was introduced as a traffic-flow model called {\it the car-following model}. We use the Hirota method, originally developed in order to solve soliton equations. %While, with a periodic boundary condition, this system has % a traveling-wave solution given by elliptic functions. The relevant delay differential equations have been known to allow exact solutions expressed by elliptic functions with a periodic boundary conditions. In the present work, however, shock solutions are obtained with open boundary, representing the stationary propagation of a traffic jam.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
title: Über die Reaktivität gezielt ausgebildeter Lithiumalkylaggregate
title: von „frustrierten“ Aggregaten zum Lithiumhydrid-Transfer
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Kleinheider, Johannes
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Metallorganische Chemie
subject: Aggregation
subject: Alkyllithiumchemie
subject: NMR-Spektroskopie
subject: 540
subject: Metallorganische Chemie
subject: Lithium

description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte das Verständnis von Aggregation und Reaktivität in ihrem direkten Zusammenhang ausgeweitet werden. Dabei wurde das Konzept der „frustrierten“ Aggregation entwickelt. Dieses baut auf der Annahme auf, dass sich durch die gezielte Anwendung von stöchiometrischen Mengen an Liganden in unpolarer, aprotischer Lösung eine gezielte Aggregation erreichen lässt, die die Öffnung einer Koordinationsstelle über das Spalten einer schwachen Koordination ermöglicht. Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine ungewöhnlich hohe Zugänglichkeit einer freien Koordinationsstelle am Lithiumalkyl erreichen, die eine ungewöhnlich hohe Reaktivität des Aggregates zur Folge hat. Die Überlegungen beruhen auf dem CIP-Effekt, welcher die Reaktivität und Selektivität von Lithiumalkylreaktionen mit der entsprechenden Vorkoordination verbindet. Folglich konnten auch statistische Einflüsse bei der Bildung von Vorkoordinationen beobachtet werden, welche bei energetisch geringen Unterschieden zwischen den jeweiligen Komplexen auftraten und in Abhängigkeit zum Aggregationsgrad der reaktiven Spezies standen. Anhand von Hexamethylaceton konnte zudem das Verständnis der gezielten Aggregatbildung erweitert werden, indem durch die sterische Überfrachtung in der Vorkoordination der Ablauf einer Additionsreaktion an das Keton unterbunden werden konnte. Stattdessen war es möglich eine selektive Lithiumhydrid-Transferreaktion zu beobachten, die auch mittels in situ FTIR-Spektroskopie verfolgt werden konnte. Durch die Zuhilfenahme quantenchemischer Berechnungen konnte der Reaktionsmechanismus dieses meist übersehenen Reaktionstypus aufgeklärt werden.
Constraining the Chemical Signatures and the Outburst Mechanism of the Class 0 Protostar HOPS 383
Creators: name: Sharma, Rajeeb
name: Tobin, John J.
name: Sheehan, Patrick D.
name: Megeath, S. Thomas
name: Fischer, William J.
name: Jorgensen, Jes K.
name: Safron, Emily J.
name: Nagy, ZSofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations toward HOPS 383, the first known outbursting Class 0 protostar located within the Orion molecular cloud using ALMA, VLA, and SMA. The SMA observations reveal envelope scale continuum and molecular line emission surrounding HOPS 383 at 0.85 mm, 1.1 mm, and 1.3 mm. The images show that HCO$^+$ and H$^{13}$CO$^+$ peaks on or near the continuum, while N$_2$H$^+$ is reduced at the same position. This reflects the underlying chemistry where CO evaporating close to the protostar destroys N$_2$H$^+$ while forming HCO$^+$. We also observe the molecular outflow traced by $^{12}$CO ($J = 2 \rightarrow 1$) and ($J = 3 \rightarrow 2$). A disk is resolved in the ALMA 0.87 mm dust continuum, orthogonal to the outflow direction, with an apparent radius of $\sim$62 AU. Radiative transfer modeling of the continuum gives disk masses of 0.02 M$_{\odot}$ when fit to the ALMA visibilities. The models including VLA 8 mm data indicate that the disk mass could be up to a factor of 10 larger due to lower dust opacity at longer wavelengths. The disk temperature and surface density profiles from the modeling, and an assumed protostar mass of 0.5 M$_{\odot}$ suggest that the Toomre $Q$ parameter $< 1$ before the outburst, making gravitational instability a viable mechanism to explain outbursts at an early age if the disk is sufficiently massive.
description: Accepted by ApJ
Heterotic Models without Fivebranes
Creators: name: Andreas, Bjorn
name: Curio, Gottfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After discussing some general problems for heterotic compactifications involving fivebranes we construct bundles, built as extensions, over an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefold. For these we show that it is possible to satisfy the anomaly cancellation topologically without any fivebranes. The search for a specific Standard model or GUT gauge group motivates the choice of an Enriques surface or certain other surfaces as base manifold. The burden of this construction is to show the stability of these bundles. Here we give an outline of the construction and its physical relevance. The mathematical details, in particular the proof that the bundles are stable in a specific region of the Kähler cone, are given in the mathematical companion paper math.AG/0611762.
description: 18 pages; distorting typo in equ. (1.11) corrected; minor changes
Higher-Derivative Supergravity, Wrapped M5-branes, and Theories of Class $\mathcal{R}$
Creators: name: Bobev, Nikolay
name: Charles, Anthony M.
name: Gang, Dongmin
name: Hristov, Kiril
name: Reys, Valentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the interplay between four-derivative 4d gauged supergravity, holography, wrapped M5-branes, and theories of class $\mathcal{R}$. Using results from Chern-Simons theory on hyperbolic three-manifolds and the 3d-3d correspondence we are able to constrain the two independent coefficients in the four-derivative supergravity Lagrangian. This in turn allows us to calculate the subleading terms in the large-$N$ expansion of supersymmetric partition functions for an infinite class of three-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFTs of class $\mathcal{R}$. We also determine the leading correction to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of asymptotically AdS$_4$ black holes arising from wrapped M5-branes. In addition, we propose and test some conjectures about the perturbative partition function of Chern-Simons theory with complexified ADE gauge groups on closed hyperbolic three-manifolds.
description: 29 pages
Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect from the cross correlation of WMAP3 year and the NRAO VLA sky survey data: New results and constraints on dark energy
Creators: name: Pietrobon, Davide
name: Balbi, Amedeo
name: Marinucci, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We cross-correlate the new 3 year Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe (WMAP) cosmic microwave background (CMB) data with the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) radio galaxy data, and find further evidence of late integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect taking place at late times in cosmic history. Our detection makes use of a novel statistical method \cite{Baldi et al. 2006a, Baldi et al. 2006b} based on a new construction of spherical wavelets, called needlets. The null hypothesis (no ISW) is excluded at more than 99.7% confidence. When we compare the measured cross-correlation with the theoretical predictions of standard, flat cosmological models with a generalized dark energy component parameterized by its density, $\omde$, equation of state $w$ and speed of sound $\cs2$, we find $0.3\leq\omde\leq0.8$ at 95% c.l., independently of $\cs2$ and $w$. If dark energy is assumed to be a cosmological constant ($w=-1$), the bound on density shrinks to $0.41\leq\omde\leq 0.79$. Models without dark energy are excluded at more than $4σ$. The bounds on $w$ depend rather strongly on the assumed value of $\cs2$. We find that models with more negative equation of state (such as phantom models) are a worse fit to the data in the case $\cs2=1$ than in the case $\cs2=0$.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Matches version published on Physical Review D
Testing polynomial covariate effects in linear and generalized linear mixed models
Creators: name: Huang, Mingyan
name: Zhang, Daowen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An important feature of linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models is that the conditional mean of the response given the random effects, after transformed by a link function, is linearly related to the fixed covariate effects and random effects. Therefore, it is of practical importance to test the adequacy of this assumption, particularly the assumption of linear covariate effects. In this paper, we review procedures that can be used for testing polynomial covariate effects in these popular models. Specifically, four types of hypothesis testing approaches are reviewed, i.e. R tests, likelihood ratio tests, score tests and residual-based tests. Derivation and performance of each testing procedure will be discussed, including a small simulation study for comparing the likelihood ratio tests with the score tests.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-SS036 the Statistics Surveys (http://www.i-journals.org/ss/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Gamma-Rays Produced in Cosmic-Ray Interactions and the TeV-band Spectrum of RX J1713-3946
Creators: name: Huang, C. -Y.
name: Park, S. -E.
name: Pohl, M.
name: Daniels, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the individual contribution to diffuse $γ$-ray emission from the secondary products in hadronic interactions generated by cosmic rays (CRs), in addition to the contribution of $π^0$ decay via the decay mode $π^0 \to 2γ$. For that purpose we employ the Monte Carlo particle collision code DPMJET3.04 to determine the multiplicity spectra of various secondary particles with $γ$'s as the final decay state, that result from inelastic collisions between cosmic-ray protons and Helium nuclei and the interstellar medium with standard composition. We thus derive an easy-to-use $γ$-ray production matrix for cosmic ray up to about 10 PeV, that can be used to interpret the $γ$-ray spectra of diffuse galactic emission and supernova remnants (SNR). We apply the $γ$-ray production matrix to the GeV excess in diffuse galactic $γ$-rays that was seen with EGRET. Although the non-$π^0$ contributions to the total emission have a different spectrum than the $π^0$-decay component, they are insufficient to explain the GeV excess. We also test the hypothesis that the TeV-band $γ$-ray emission of the shell-type SNR RX J1713-3946, that was observed with HESS, is caused by shock-accelerated hadronic cosmic rays. This scenario implies a very high efficacy of particle acceleration, so the particle spectrum is expected to continuously harden toward high energies on account of cosmic-ray modification of the shock. Using the $χ^2$ statistic we find that a continuously softening spectrum is strongly preferred, in contrast to expectations. A hardening spectrum has about 1% probability to explain the HESS data, but then only if a hard cut-off at 50-100 TeV is imposed on the particle spectrum.
description: minor revision; Astropart. Phys. in press
Information technology linkage in the Canadian Forces
Creators: name: Hartung, Sharon Irene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This is a case study of Linkage, and the factors that influence the social dimension of Linkage, as found in the Canadian Forces at the base, or business unit, level. In the course of this study, eight Canadian Forces bases or units were examined to assess their current state of Linkage with regard to Information Technology (IT) Management. The Department of National Defence is a public service organization responsible for the defence of Canada. Like many large organizations today, the Canadian Forces (CF), is faced with budget cuts, and needs to downsize. There is an awareness within the CF that effective use of IT is one way to improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness in a time of cutbacks. The traditional infrastructure of the CF has not kept pace with IT developments in functional areas, such as within its own Administration Branch. An information handling crisis is being faced by all Administration Branch personnel, and this situation is mirrored across other branches of the CF. In the course of this study of the business unit level of the CF, it was determined that Short and Long Term Linkage was influenced by Communication and Shared Domain Knowledge factors. Research results also indicated that Success in IT Implementation did not influence Linkage. Several other contributing factors were also identified, and a Canadian Forces Information Technology Management Partnership System was proposed to overcome these Linkage barriers. The importance of effective management of IT cannot be underestimated. If effective consideration of IT is made a part of the business planning process, Management Information Systems (MIS) practitioners will allow businesses, including militaries, to extract the full benefit and advantage from modern technological developments and procedures. Such is the goal of MIS, and of this work.
Time-Based CAN Intrusion Detection Benchmark
Creators: name: Blevins, Deborah H.
name: Moriano, Pablo
name: Bridges, Robert A.
name: Verma, Miki E.
name: Iannacone, Michael D.
name: Hollifield, Samuel C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern vehicles are complex cyber-physical systems made of hundreds of electronic control units (ECUs) that communicate over controller area networks (CANs). This inherited complexity has expanded the CAN attack surface which is vulnerable to message injection attacks. These injections change the overall timing characteristics of messages on the bus, and thus, to detect these malicious messages, time-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been proposed. However, time-based IDSs are usually trained and tested on low-fidelity datasets with unrealistic, labeled attacks. This makes difficult the task of evaluating, comparing, and validating IDSs. Here we detail and benchmark four time-based IDSs against the newly published ROAD dataset, the first open CAN IDS dataset with real (non-simulated) stealthy attacks with physically verified effects. We found that methods that perform hypothesis testing by explicitly estimating message timing distributions have lower performance than methods that seek anomalies in a distribution-related statistic. In particular, these "distribution-agnostic" based methods outperform "distribution-based" methods by at least 55% in area under the precision-recall curve (AUC-PR). Our results expand the body of knowledge of CAN time-based IDSs by providing details of these methods and reporting their results when tested on datasets with real advanced attacks. Finally, we develop an after-market plug-in detector using lightweight hardware, which can be used to deploy the best performing IDS method on nearly any vehicle.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
title: Photoelectic Driven Decomposition of Uracil via Hard X-Ray Irradiation
Creators: name: Malik, Trimaan
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Radiation damage into biological samples creates substantial challenges across a wide range of fields, from biochemistry to materials science. This comprehensive study investigates the effects of x-ray irradiation on uracil, the only nucleobase exclusive to Ribonucleic acid (RNA), to understand how doping with 10% (by mass) of specific powdered elements impacts the sustained radiation damage. The experiments were conducted at the Brockhouse Undulator Beamline of the Canadian Light Source synchrotron. Virgin and doped uracil samples were irradiated with hard x-rays, above their respective absorption edges, and studied with x-ray diffraction to compare their decomposition behaviors. The Uracil reflections on the x-ray diffraction plots showed signs of radiation damage, increasing d-spacing and decreasing intensities, after extended irradiation. The decomposition yield was plotted against irradiation time and fit with a modified Avrami equation. This regression analysis revealed the linear nature of the radiation damage, with the decomposition yield of the doped samples growing faster compared to virgin uracil. This accelerated damage is attributed primarily to the photoelectric effect in the powdered dopants, where the absorption of x-ray photons above the electron binding energy leads to the emission of electrons and characteristic x-rays which bombard the uracil crystal structure and enhance the radiation damage. These findings offer insights into the effect elemental doping has on the stability of biological samples when exposed to hard x-rays as a method initiate and accelerate radiation damage.