Cheilodipterini Bleeker 1856
Creators: name: Mabuchi, Kohji
name: Fraser, Thomas H.
name: Song, Hayeun
name: Azuma, Yoichiro
name: Nishida, Mutsumi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Apogonidae

description: Tribe Cheilodipterini Bleeker 1856b
Type genus Cheilodipterus Lacepède 1801
Diagnosis. Members of the Apogoninae: VI+I,9; anal fin II,8; head and body with ctenoid scales; pored lateral-line scales 24–26; canine teeth on premaxilla and dentary; preopercle ridge smooth, edges serrate; three supraneurals; reduced supramaxilla; one pair of uroneurals; three epurals; five free hypurals; free parhypural; caudal fin forked or emarginate; dark stripes on head and body, no stripes in second dorsal or anal fin, basicaudal dark spot, band or no spot.
Other characteristics. one supernumerary dorsal spine; branched first segmented dorsal and anal ray; ctenoid scales on predorsal, cheek, breast, two pelvic scales, and body; ctenoid scale on opercle and onto base of caudal fin; pored lateral-line scales with multiple pores; pectoral fin-rays 11–14; three supraneurals; 9+8 segmented principal caudal rays, 15 branched, upper and lower unbranched; unbranched procurrent rays, longest segmented; villiform teeth on vomer and palatine; six infraorbitals, bony shelf on third infraorbital; basisphenoid present; anterior ceratohyal smooth or notched; 10+14 vertebrae; 8 ribs; 7–8 epineurals; stomach and intestine pale with pale peritoneum; low crest on PU2.
Distribution. Cheilodipterus is widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea, East Africa to Japan and French Polynesia following Gon (1993). There have been several short-lived efforts to subdivide this genus with several names proposed (Cheilodipterops Schultz 1940; Desmoamia Fowler & Bean 1930; Paramia Bleeker 1863). More molecular analysis among the 17 species should provide insight to relationships not apparent in the five species we sampled.
Remarks. This tribe contains one genus, Cheilodipterus, corresponding to the clade X in the molecular trees (Figs. 2–6, Table 4). Canine or caninoid teeth on the premaxilla and dentary, a reduced supramaxilla, a single supernumerary dorsal spine, stripes on body and a diffuse or solid basicaudal spot in most species often with some surrounding yellow are characteristics of this tribe. Cheilodipteroidei, as a family, was recognized by Bleeker (1856b). Schultz (1940) recognized the Cheilodipteridae, but as a broad grouping of a number of families. Smith (1961) and Norman (1966) recognized this group as a subfamily Cheilodipterinae including Coranthus Smith 1961 (now Amioides) and Paramia Bleeker 1863 (now Cheilodipterus). Monophyly of Amioides and Cheilodipterus was significantly rejected by AU test (H13; Table 6). The shape and position of the reduced supramaxilla (see Fraser 1972) and canine or caninoid teeth are synapomorphies.
description: Published as part of Mabuchi, Kohji, Fraser, Thomas H., Song, Hayeun, Azuma, Yoichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi, 2014, Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters, pp. 151-203 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928545