cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
NH3 in the Galactic Center is formed in Cool Conditions
Creators: name: Nagayama, Takumi
name: Omodaka, Toshihiro
name: Handa, Toshihiro
name: Toujima, Hideyuki
name: Sofue, Yoshiaki
name: Sawada, Tsuyoshi
name: Kobayashi, Hideyuki
name: Koyama, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is an open question why the temperature of molecular gas in the Galactic center region is higher than that of dust. To address this problem, we made simultaneous observations in the NH_3 (J,K) = (1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) lines of the central molecular zone (CMZ) using the Kagoshima 6 m telescope. The ortho-to-para ratio of NH_3 molecules in the CMZ is 1.5--3.5 at most observed area. This ratio is higher than the statistical equilibrium value, and suggests that the formation temperature of NH_3 is 11--20 K. This temperature is similar to the dust temperature estimated from the submillimeter and infrared continuum. This result suggests that the NH_3 molecules in the CMZ were produced on dust grains with the currently observed temperature (11--20 K), and they were released into the gas phase by supernova shocks or collisions of dust particles. The discrepancy between warm molecular gas and cold dust can be explained by the transient heating of the interstellar media in the CMZ approximately 10^5 years ago when the NH_3 molecules were released from the dust.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, accepted for PASJ
Design and Architecture for a Centralized, Extensible, and Configurable Scoring Application
Creators: name: Sanwal, Sumit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In modern-day organizations, many software applications require critical input to decide the next steps in the application workflow and approval. One of the most important inputs to decide the subsequent course of action is the key performance indicator-based scoring for the entities used in the application. Computing the right score for the entities in the application is a critical step that will drive the subsequent processing and help to decide the next course of action for the entity accurately. Computing the right score is a critical parameter for application processing; deriving the precise and correct score is crucial and pivotal for the application's intended objective; this mandates a very efficient and optimized scoring application in place and is of paramount importance for the success of such applications. We will discuss in this article how to envision and design a generic, extensible scoring engine and a few use cases for scoring with the associated intricacies and complexities to implement the scoring framework.
Confronting Misinformation on Abortion: Informed Consent, Deference, and Fetal Pain Laws
Creators: name: Tobin, Harper Jean
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2008

description: In the last few years, the topic of “fetal pain” has become a hot one in many state legislatures. Five states now require that some women seeking abortions be told that their fetus may experience pain, with similar bills cropping up around the country. Even Congress has gotten involved, with the outgoing House of Representatives nearly passing a national fetal pain bill in late 2006. These measures are the latest in a growing body of specific informational requirements for abortion procedures, many steeped in scientific controversy. Nearly all of these measures are titled “Woman’s Right to Know Acts.”, These laws abandon well-settled principles of informed consent-which give discretion to medical professionals to determine what information is crucial for patients-in favor of legislative judgments about what particular facts should be told to patients and how these facts should be shared.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 17 No. 1 (2008)
Perceiving University Student's Opinions from Google App Reviews
Creators: name: Ranjan, Sakshi
name: Mishra, Subhankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Google app market captures the school of thought of users from every corner of the globe via ratings and text reviews, in a multilinguistic arena. The potential information from the reviews cannot be extracted manually, due to its exponential growth. So, Sentiment analysis, by machine learning and deep learning algorithms employing NLP, explicitly uncovers and interprets the emotions. This study performs the sentiment classification of the app reviews and identifies the university student's behavior towards the app market via exploratory analysis. We applied machine learning algorithms using the TP, TF, and TF IDF text representation scheme and evaluated its performance on Bagging, an ensemble learning method. We used word embedding, Glove, on the deep learning paradigms. Our model was trained on Google app reviews and tested on Student's App Reviews(SAR). The various combinations of these algorithms were compared amongst each other using F score and accuracy and inferences were highlighted graphically. SVM, amongst other classifiers, gave fruitful accuracy(93.41%), F score(89%) on bigram and TF IDF scheme. Bagging enhanced the performance of LR and NB with accuracy of 87.88% and 86.69% and F score of 86% and 78% respectively. Overall, LSTM on Glove embedding recorded the highest accuracy(95.2%) and F score(88%).
description: Accepted in Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience
Anti-adiabatic limit of the exchange-correlation kernels of an inhomogeneous electron gas
Creators: name: Nazarov, V. U.
name: Tokatly, I. V.
name: Pittalis, S.
name: Vignale, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We express the high-frequency (anti-adiabatic) limit of the exchange-correlation kernels of an inhomogeneous electron gas in terms of the following equilibrium properties: the ground-state density, the kinetic stress tensor, the pair-correlation function, and the ground-state exchange-correlation potential. Of these quantities, the first three are amenable to exact evaluation by Quantum Monte Carlo methods, while the last can be obtained from the inversion of the Kohn-Sham equation for the ground-state orbitals. The exact scalar kernel, in this limit, is found to be of very long range in space, at variance with the kernel that is used in the standard local density approximation. The anti-adiabatic xc kernels should be useful in calculations of excitation energies by time-dependent DFT in atoms, molecules, and solids, and provides a solid basis for interpolation between the low- and high-frequency limits of the xc kernels.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, to be submitted to PRB
Molecular gas and star formation in the red-sequence counter-rotating disc galaxy NGC 4550
Creators: name: Crocker, Alison F.
name: Jeong, Hyunjin
name: Komugi, Shinya
name: Combes, Francoise
name: Bureau, Martin
name: Young, Lisa M.
name: Yi, Sukyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of the CO(1-0) emission in the central 750 pc (10 arcsec) of the counter-rotating disc galaxy NGC 4550, obtained at the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique (IRAM) Plateau de Bure Interferometer. Very little molecular gas is detected, only 1 x 10^7 solar masses, and its distribution is lopsided, with twice as much molecular gas observed at positive relative velocities than at negative relative velocities. The velocity gradient in the CO(1-0) emission shows that the molecular gas rotates like the thicker of the two stellar discs, which is an unexpected alignment of rotations if the thinner disc was formed by a major gas accretion event. However, a simulation shows that the gas rotating like the thicker disc naturally results from the coplanar merger of two counter-rotating disc galaxies, demonstrating the feasibility of this scenario for the formation of NGC 4550. We investigate various star formation tracers to determine whether the molecular gas in NGC 4550 is currently forming stars. UV imaging data and optical absorption linestrengths both suggest a recent star formation episode; the best-fitting two population model to the UV-optical colours yields a mass of young stars of 5.9 x 10^7 solar masses with an age of 280 Myr. The best information on the current star formation rate is a far infrared-based upper limit of only 0.02 solar masses per year. We are thus witnessing NGC 4550 either in a dip within a bursty star formation period or during a more continuous low-level star formation episode.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Perceiving Subtle Sexism: Mapping the Social-Psychological Forces and Legal Narratives that Obscure Gender Bias
Creators: name: Brake, Deborah L.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2007

description: In early January of 2007, the AALS Section on Women in Legal Education held a panel discussion on “Subtle Sexism in Our Everyday Lives” at the AALS Annual meeting in Washington, D.C. Such discussions about the barriers facing women in the legal profession often trigger a fatigue with talking about gender and a denial by some that gender remains worthy of attention. The denial of gender bias can occur at a collective level, in which detractors urge “getting past” gender in setting an agenda, and at an individual level, in which individuals deny the role of gender bias (or gender privilege) in their own lives. The denial of gender bias at the individual level can fuel a collective denial of the importance of gender issues. This Article explores the complexity of perceiving gender bias at the individual level, which in turn affects understandings of the role of gender in society more broadly, and surveys some of the psychological processes that contribute to the denial of gender bias in everyday life. In this Article, I am concerned both with how women law faculty and women lawyers-the immediate subjects of the panel discussion-perceive gender bias, and with the more general forces that complicate perceptions of gender bias across professional lines.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 16 No. 3 (2007)
Efficient and Effective Similarity Search over Bipartite Graphs
Creators: name: Yang, Renchi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Similarity search over a bipartite graph aims to retrieve from the graph the nodes that are similar to each other, which finds applications in various fields such as online advertising, recommender systems etc. Existing similarity measures either (i) overlook the unique properties of bipartite graphs, or (ii) fail to capture high-order information between nodes accurately, leading to suboptimal result quality. Recently, Hidden Personalized PageRank (HPP) is applied to this problem and found to be more effective compared with prior similarity measures. However, existing solutions for HPP computation incur significant computational costs, rendering it inefficient especially on large graphs.
 In this paper, we first identify an inherent drawback of HPP and overcome it by proposing bidirectional HPP (BHPP). Then, we formulate similarity search over bipartite graphs as the problem of approximate BHPP computation, and present an efficient solution Approx-BHPP. Specifically, Approx-BHPP offers rigorous theoretical accuracy guarantees with optimal computational complexity by combining deterministic graph traversal with matrix operations in an optimized and non-trivial way. Moreover, our solution achieves significant gain in practical efficiency due to several carefully-designed optimizations. Extensive experiments, comparing BHPP against 8 existing similarity measures over 7 real bipartite graphs, demonstrate the effectiveness of BHPP on query rewriting and item recommendation. Moreover, Approx-BHPP outperforms baseline solutions often by up to orders of magnitude in terms of computational time on both small and large datasets.
description: Best Paper Award Nominee in WWW 2022. Fixing the incorrect figures
A Multimodal Dataset and Benchmark for Radio Galaxy and Infrared Host Detection
Creators: name: Gupta, Nikhel
name: Hayder, Zeeshan
name: Norris, Ray P.
name: Hyunh, Minh
name: Petersson, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel multimodal dataset developed by expert astronomers to automate the detection and localisation of multi-component extended radio galaxies and their corresponding infrared hosts. The dataset comprises 4,155 instances of galaxies in 2,800 images with both radio and infrared modalities. Each instance contains information on the extended radio galaxy class, its corresponding bounding box that encompasses all of its components, pixel-level segmentation mask, and the position of its corresponding infrared host galaxy. Our dataset is the first publicly accessible dataset that includes images from a highly sensitive radio telescope, infrared satellite, and instance-level annotations for their identification. We benchmark several object detection algorithms on the dataset and propose a novel multimodal approach to identify radio galaxies and the positions of infrared hosts simultaneously.
description: Accepted in NeurIPS 2023 conference ML4PS workshop (https://nips.cc/). The full version accepted in PASA, is available at https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2023.64
Magnetic fields, stellar feedback, and the geometry of H II Regions
Creators: name: Ferland, Gary J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic pressure has long been known to dominate over gas pressure in atomic and molecular regions of the interstellar medium. Here I review several recent observational studies of the relationships between the H^+, H^0 and H_2 regions in M42 (the Orion complex) and M17. A simple picture results. When stars form they push back surrounding material, mainly through the outward momentum of starlight acting on grains, and field lines are dragged with the gas due to flux freezing. The magnetic field is compressed and the magnetic pressure increases until it is able to resist further expansion and the system comes into approximate magnetostatic equilibrium. Magnetic field lines can be preferentially aligned perpendicular to the long axis of quiescent cloud before stars form. After star formation and pushback occurs ionized gas will be constrained to flow along field lines and escape from the system along directions perpendicular to the long axis. The magnetic field may play other roles in the physics of the H II region and associated PDR. Cosmic rays may be enhanced along with the field and provide additional heating of atomic and molecular material. Wave motions may be associated with the field and contribute a component of turbulence to observed line profiles.
description: 10 pages, to appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 259: "Cosmic Magnetic Fields:from Planets, to Stars and Galaxies," edited by K.G. Strassmeier, A.G. Kosovichev, J. Beckmann
Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-04-01)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
World War, 1939-1945 -- History
World War II
Second World War
World War Two
Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Discovery of three new pulsars in a 610 MHz pulsar survey with the GMRT
Creators: name: Joshi, B. C.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: Lyne, A. G.
name: Ludovici, D. A.
name: Pawar, N. A.
name: Faulkner, A. J.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Davies, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery of three new pulsars in the first blind survey of the north Galactic plane (45 degrees < l < 135 degrees; |b| < 1 degrees with the Giant Meterwave Radio telescope (GMRT) at an intermediate frequency of 610 MHz. The survey covered 106 square degrees with a sensitivity of roughly 1 mJy to long-period pulsars (pulsars with period longer than 1 s). The three new pulsars have periods of 318, 933, and 1056 ms. Their timing parameters and flux densities, obtained in follow up observations with the Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank and the GMRT, are presented. We also report on pulse nulling behaviour in one of the newly discovered pulsars, PSR J2208+5500.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Learning of the students in a reproduction of figure by folding
Creators: name: Winder, Claire Guille-Biel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We are interested in the learning of 6 to 7 years old children in implementations of a situation of reproduction of figure by folding presented in the first part of this article. In the second part we expose our problem as well as our hypothesis and our methodology. The third part presents the mathematical and didactical potentialities of the PLIOX situation within the framework of the Theory of Didactic Situations of Brousseau, in support of Berthelot and Salin's works, and according to a cognitive and semiotic point of view of Duval. According to this previous part, we clarify and analyze the results obtained from implementations in two classrooms (part four).
Subtly Sexist Language
Creators: name: Chew, Pat K.
name: Kelley-Chew, Lauren K.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2007

description: Language can be a potent vehicle for subtle sexism.3 As lawyers, we understand the power of words. What we say and how we say it can perpetuate gender stereotypes and status differences between women and men. In contrast, language also can be used as a constructive tool for reinforcing equality. Sometimes, sexist language is blatant and universally shunned. Other times, it is more subtle and even socially acceptable. For instance, social science research has considered the use of male-gendered generics (the use of such words as he, man, chairman, or mankind to represent both women and men) rather than gender-neutral alternatives (such as she or he, human, chairperson, or humankind). As we will discuss, this research concludes that male-gendered generics are exclusionary of women and tend to reinforce gender stereotypes. However, these words may not be recognized as discriminatory, because their use is perceived as normative and therefore not unusual. In addition, those who use these words may not intend to cause harm. Complaining about their use may even be criticized as a trivial activity or an overly sensitive reaction.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 16 No. 3 (2007)
Electronic band structure of novel tetragonal BiOCuS as a parent phase for novel layered superconductors
Creators: name: Shein, I. R.
name: Ivanovskii, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently, the tetragonal BiOCuS was synthesized and declared as a new superconducting system with Fe-oxypnictide - related structure. Here, based on first-principle FLAPW-GGA calculations, the structural parameters, electronic bands picture, density of states and electron density distribution for BiOCuS are investigated for the first time. Our results show that, as distinct from related metallic-like FeAs systems, BiOCuS phase behaves as an ionic semiconductor with the calculated indirect band gap at about 0.48 eV. The superconductivity for BiOCuS may be achieved exclusively by doping of this phase. Our preliminary results demonstrate that as a result of hole doping, the [CuS] blocks become conducting owing to mixed Cu 3d + S 3p bands located near the Fermi level. For the hole doped BiOCuS the Fermi surface adopts a quasi-two-dimensional character, similarly to FeAs SCs.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Identifying systemic barriers to co-developing Indigenous food systems research within colonial institutions : a case study of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Creators: name: Jones, Aleesha Tearl
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This study aimed to address how colonial research institutions can and should appropriately engage in food systems research and build relationships with Indigenous communities that go beyond tokenistic inclusion and engagement in co-developed research. The research was conducted as a case study with the Indigenous Science Liaison Office (ISLO) within Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). The study included nine semi-structured interviews and one focus group; thematic analysis of the transcripts was used to identify themes in the data. This study found that front-line staff in ISLO identified three primary challenges with respect to co-developed food systems research between AAFC researchers and Indigenous communities: (1) Relationship Building, (2) Administrative Processes and (3) Intercultural Competence and Knowledge. Study participants emphasized that the three themes must be addressed in response to both the historical colonization of Indigenous Peoples in Canada and ongoing power inequalities within Indigenous-Government relations and inequities for Indigenous-led science and research initiatives within colonial institutions. This study includes recommendations for how non-Indigenous institutions can and should address systemic barriers to culturally safe research related to Indigenous food systems. While conversations were specific to ISLO staff, the resulting recommendations are broadly applicable to colonial research institutions at large, such as the AAFC. Ultimately the goal of this study was to support Indigenous food systems research that contributes to Indigenous food security and sovereignty.
The Subtle Side of Sexism
Creators: name: Rhode, Deborah L.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2007

description: Sexism is not a term often encountered in polite company. In conventional usage, it conveys discrimination based on sex and seems to require some conscious action. Yet there is also a subtle side of sexism: a cluster of social expectations and practices that reinforce sex-based inequality. They are the focus of discussion here, particularly as they affect the everyday lives of even well educated and economically privileged women, including those in the legal profession.1 This focus is important, neither because sexism has no effect on men nor because these women bear the greatest costs of gender inequality. Rather, this emphasis is important because privileged women often have the greatest resources and incentives to challenge such inequality. Making those who occupy positions of influence more aware of unintentional biases and subtle sexism is a necessary step in the creation of a just society.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 16 No. 3 (2007)
The Rare 23.1-GHz Methanol Masers in NGC 7538 IRS 1
Creators: name: Galván-Madrid, Roberto
name: Montes, Gabriela
name: Ramírez, Edgar A.
name: Kurtz, Stan
name: Araya, Esteban
name: Hofner, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high angular resolution (FWHM_beam < 0.2") observations of the 23.1-GHz methanol (CH_3OH) transition toward the massive-star forming region NGC 7538 IRS 1. The two velocity components previously reported by Wilson et al. are resolved into distinct spatial features with brightness temperatures (T_B) greater than 10^4 K, proving their maser nature. Thus, NGC 7538 IRS 1 is the third region confirmed to show methanol maser emission at this frequency. The brighter 23.1-GHz spot coincides in position with a rare formaldehyde (H_2CO) maser, and marginally with a 22.2-GHz water (H_2O) maser, for which we report archival observations. The weaker CH_3OH spot coincides with an H_2O maser. The ratio of T_B for the 23.1-GHz masers to that of the well-known 12.2-GHz CH_3OH masers in this region roughly agrees with model predictions. However, the 23.1-GHz spots are offset in position from the CH_3OH masers at other frequencies. This is difficult to interpret in terms of models that assume that all the masers arise from the same clumps, but it may result from turbulent conditions within the gas or rapid variations in the background radiation field.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Calotes ceylonensis Gu.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Agamidae
Calotes
Calotes ceylonensis

description: * Haplocercus ceylonensis Gü.
Nuwera Ellia v. d. Hh. Dr. Sarasin. [1]
Abnorm: beiderseits blos ein postoculare. Färbung der Unterseite: Kehle und Hals schmutzig-gelb, Rumpf und Schwanz tief purpurroth.
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 678, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-04-10)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
World War, 1939-1945 -- History
World War II
Second World War
World War Two
Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Love, Honor, or Control: Domestic Violence, Trafficking, and the Question of How to Regulate the Mail-Order Bride Industry
Creators: name: Lindee, Kirsten M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2007

description: In recent years, with the development and widespread use of the Internet, the international marriage brokerage (IMB) industry has grown exponentially. In 1997, the Global Survival Network reported that more than 200 IMB companies annually paired between 2,000 and 5,000 American men with foreign “mail-order brides,” and in 1998, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) reported that IMBs made between 4,000 and 6,000 such matches. By 2004, those numbers had nearly doubled-recent studies estimate that more than 500 IMB companies annually match between 9,500 and 14,000 foreign women with American men.5 Should this rapid growth in the “mail-order bride industry” cause concern?
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007)
Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-04-11)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
World War, 1939-1945 -- History
World War II
Second World War
World War Two
Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Polariton-mediated Raman scattering in microcavities: A Green's function approach
Creators: name: Hilario, L. M. Leon
name: Aligia, A. A.
name: Lobos, A. M.
name: Bruchhausen, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of the intensity of polariton-mediated inelastic light scattering in semiconductor microcavities within a Green's function framework. In addition to reproducing the strong coupling of light and matter, this method also enables the inclusion of damping mechanisms in a consistent way. Our results show excellent agreement with recent Raman scattering experiments.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Fields in nonaffine bundles. III. Effective symmetries and conserved currents in strings and higher branes
Creators: name: Carter, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The principles of a previously developed formalism for the covariant treatment of multi-scalar fields for which (as in a nonlinear sigma model) the relevant target space is not of affine type -- but curved -- are recapitulated. Their application is extended from ordinary harmonic models to a more general category of "harmonious" field models, with emphasis on cases in which the field is confined to a string or higher brane worldsheet, and for which the relevant internal symmetry group is non Abelian, so that the conditions for conservation of the corresponding charge currents become rather delicate, particularly when the symmetry is gauged. Attention is also given to the conditions for conservation of currents of a different kind -- representing surface fluxes of generalised momentum or energy -- associated with symmetries not of the internal target space but of the underlying spacetime background structure, including the metric and any relevant gauge field. For the corresponding current to be conserved the latter need not be manifestly invariant: preservation modulo a gauge adjustment will suffice. The simplest case is that of "strong" symmetry, meaning invariance under the action of an effective Lie derivative (an appropriately gauge adjusted modification of an ordinary Lie derivative). When the effective symmetry is of the more general "weak" kind, the kinetic part of the current is not conserved by itself but only after being supplemented by a suitable contribution from the background.
description: 27 pages Latex (color)
Legal Pluralism and Women’s Rights: A Study in Postcolonial Tanzania
Creators: name: Calaguas, Mark J.
name: Drost, Cristina M.
name: Fluet, Edward R.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2007

description: Shindano is a sixty-year-old woman who lives on the island of Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania.1 She has been residing in the small village of Mkokotoni, where she has had to survive without support from her husband Abu for the last five months. After five years of marriage, Abu ordered Shindano out of his home, telling her to “leave [his] house and go back to be with [her] fellow dogs, slatterns, and lunatics.” While Abu initially supported her for a few months, he has not helped her financially for some time. Shindano now seeks to dissolve her marriage to Abu in the local kadhi’s court, claiming that Abu’s statements and actions constitute a divorce under Islamic law. The court denies Shindano’s request because Abu never uttered or wrote the appropriate Islamic divorce formula. She is ordered to return to her husband and treat him well; the court orders Abu to support his wife and respect her. This story is an example of a typical divorce proceeding within the kadhi’s court system of Zanzibar. Had Shindano been a man, however, or a non-Muslim, or a resident of mainland Tanzania (“Tanganyika”), the result of this proceeding may have been very different. Courts in Tanganyika and Zanzibar each recognize and enforce the right of Muslim men to unilaterally divorce their wives under Islamic law. Yet, Tanganyika’s family law additionally provides for a uniform, secular marriage dissolution process, which is available to both men and women regardless of religious affiliation. In Zanzibar, marriages between Muslims are dissolved solely in accordance with principles of Islamic law, while non-Muslims do not have any official statutes to govern their divorce proceedings.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007)
Two essays on the perils and opportunities of using marketing labels for prosocial outcomes
Creators: name: Mookerjee, Siddhanth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Businesses and consumers are confronted with a myriad of societal issues, from environmental harm to entrenched racial inequality. In response, firms are highlighting their commitment to prosocial outcomes that benefit consumers, society and the natural environment through marketing labels. In this dissertation, I examine how consumers view labels used by firms that promote prosocial outcomes in two different domains: sustainability (essay 1) and diversity, equity and inclusion (essay 2). Essay 1 examines a major determinant of food waste —consumer rejection of perfectly edible but unattractive produce. I examine why consumers discard aesthetically unattractive produce, and test a solution: emphasizing the produce’s aesthetic flaw through ‘ugly’ labeling (e.g., labeling unattractive cucumbers “Ugly Cucumbers”). I demonstrate that ‘ugly’ labeling corrects for consumers’ biased expectations regarding key attributes of unattractive produce—particularly tastiness—and thus increases purchase likelihood. ‘Ugly’ labeling is most effective when associated with moderate (rather than steep) price discounts. Against managers’ intuition, it is also more effective than alternative labeling that does not exclusively point out the aesthetic flaw, such as ‘imperfect’ labeling. Essay 2 investigates ways in which firms are trying to redress racial inequalities. Minority-owned businesses suffer from systemic difficulties in operating their businesses compared to businesses owned by White individuals. In response, minority business owners are starting to explicitly highlight their race or ethnicity via minority-owned labels (e.g. “Black-Owned Business”) in their marketing communication, to rally consumer support for their businesses. I examine how consumers’ political orientation and ethnicity impact the effectiveness of such labels. Across 8 studies, I find that White (non-Hispanic) consumers, compared to people from other ethnic or racial backgrounds, are more likely to be sensitive to the use of the label, and the valence of their reaction is dependent on their political ideology. I find that White conservatives are less likely to purchase from a business that uses a minority-owned label (vs. no specific label) because of their endorsement of meritocratic beliefs, which suppose that opportunities and rewards should be distributed based on individual merit, and not social categories such as race.
Polarimetry and the High-Energy Emission Mechanisms in Quasar Jets
Creators: name: Cara, M.
name: Perlman, E. S.
name: Uchiyama, Y.
name: Jester, S.
name: Georganopoulos, M.
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Sambruna, R. M.
name: Sparks, W. B.
name: Martel, A.
name: O'Dea, C. P.
name: Baum, S. A.
name: Axon, D.
name: Begelman, M.
name: Worrall, D. M.
name: Birkinshaw, M.
name: Urry, C. M.
name: Coppi, P.
name: Stawarz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission mechanisms in extragalactic jets include synchrotron and various inverse-Compton processes. At low (radio through infrared) energies, it is widely agreed that synchrotron emission dominates in both low-power (FR I) and high-power (FR II and quasar) jets, because of the power-law nature of the spectra observed and high polarizations. However, at higher energies, the emission mechanism for high-power jets at kpc scales is hotly debated. Two mechanisms have been proposed: either inverse-Compton of cosmic microwave background photons or synchrotron emission from a second, high-energy population of electrons. Here we discuss optical polarimetry as a method for diagnosing the mechanism for the high-energy emission in quasar jets, as well as revealing the jet's three-dimensional energetic and magnetic field structure. We then discuss high-energy emission mechanisms for powerful jets in the light of the HST polarimetry of PKS 1136-135.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. To appear in proceedings of "The Monster's Fiery Breath: Feedback in galaxies, groups, and clusters" meeting, June 1-5, 2009 held in Madison, WI, USA
The Daddy Double-Bind: How the Family and Medical Leave Act Perpetuates Sex Inequality Across All Class Levels
Creators: name: Palazzari, Kari
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2007

description: For over a decade there has been a great deal of discussion in America about work-family conflict or work-life balance. These discussions have typically focused on the plight of women, mothers in particular, and the inhospitable labor market. Advocates who seek to improve the status of women have been vocal in demanding changes in the workplace. In response, employer policies like job sharing and flextime have become common and awards for the most “family-friendly” workplace are readily visible. Despite all of this commotion, however, there is a persistent tension between employer expectations and employee responsibilities. Employers still espouse ideal worker norms that require long hours and uninterrupted tenures, which were established by the breadwinner/homemaker family model of the mid-twentieth century. Meanwhile, most families need two wage-earners just to make ends meet. With the continuing decline in real wages, many families simply cannot afford to have one parent stay home. Sociologist Theda Skocpol notes, “[I]n the late 1950s, a high-school educated father could make enough to sustain a family consisting of a homemaker mother and two children at an economic level above the poverty line.” Today, only thirty-one percent of married couples with children under eighteen have a father who works and a mother who does not. Skocpol observes, “[W]e no longer have an economy centered around the father-breadwinner who goes off to work at a full-time (or more), well- paid, lifetime job, leaving behind a mother to care for the home and family. Instead, single-parent or two-worker families are prevalent.”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007)
Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-04-12)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
World War, 1939-1945 -- History
World War II
Second World War
World War Two
Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Supplementary document for Enhanced Stretchability towards Flexible and Wearable Reflective Display Coating using Chalcogenide Phase Change Materials - 6124958.pdf
Creators: name: Tan, Qingshan
name: Chang, YaHui
name: He, Qiang
name: Tong, Hao
name: Miao, Xiangshui
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Crack statistics and specific additions to the simulation process. each layer in the buckling structure is supplemented by a layered cross-sectional diagram. Fig. 5, the average reflectance of a and b complement the original data
Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-04-13)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
World War, 1939-1945 -- History
World War II
Second World War
World War Two
Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Gary Becker, Legal Feminism, and the Costs of Moralizing Care
Creators: name: Tsoukala, Philomila
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2007

description: Feminist theorists in a variety of fields have contributed unrelenting energy and invaluable insights to academic and policy-making work on the issue of women’s unpaid work as homemakers. Indeed, feminists have been struggling with the problem of housework, its valuation, and its (non-) remuneration for as long as feminism has been around. As economic theories of the household have developed, so have the feminist responses to them. This article explores the tension between economic methodology and the premises of certain schools of feminist thought, focusing on the reaction of legal feminists to economic thought in the context of the care work debates. Legal feminists in the 1970s and ’80s were concerned with the ways in which law reinforces women’s subordination in both the family and the market, especially through the endorsement or toleration of sexual violence and discrimination. Discussions of the value of “homemaking” revived in the legal domain right after the no-fault divorce revolution and the consequent preoccupation with the financial destitution of divorced homemakers. Legal scholars debated alimony in the no-fault era and sought to redefine its basis in a way that would lead judges away from the idea of alimony as an award based on need. They proposed a variety of approaches as improvements over the need-based one, such as a contractual theory of marriage that included rewarding a reliance interest and encouraging efficient breach6 and a more traditional partnership theory.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007)
Main Supplementary Material from Goal-directed graph construction using reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Darvariu, Victor-Alexandru
name: Hailes, Stephen
name: Musolesi, Mirco
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity

description: Contains additional information about experimental setup and parameters.
Pregnancy Discrimination in Latin America: The Exclusion of “Employment Discrimination” from the Definition of “Labor Laws” in the Central American Free Trade Agreement
Creators: name: Faber, Emily Miyamoto
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2007

description: Regional trading blocs and bilateral trade agreements have become increasingly important within the western hemisphere. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement, and the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) have all been passed in the last fifteen years. This Article will focus principally on the labor provisions in NAFTA and CAFTA.1 Additionally, with the Andean Trade Preference Act set to expire in 2006, the United States initiated negotiations with three Andean countries in May 2004: Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. The United States Trade Representative (USTR) signed the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement in April 2006, concluded negotiations with Colombia in February 2006, and is participating in ongoing discussions with Ecuador. Furthermore, the Administration announced in 2003 that it intends to launch negotiations for a separate agreement with Panama, and the Senate recently approved a resolution of advice and consent for a United States-Uruguay Bilateral Investment Treaty in September 2006. All of these bilateral and regional agreements represent a “building block’A in the attempt to secure a Free Trade Area of the Americas despite its current dim prospects.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2007)