cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A new invariant on hyperbolic Dehn surgery space
Creators: name: Dowty, James G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50, 57M27

description: In this paper we define a new invariant of the incomplete hyperbolic structures on a 1-cusped finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifold M, called the ortholength invariant. We show that away from a (possibly empty) subvariety of excluded values this invariant both locally parameterises equivalence classes of hyperbolic structures and is a complete invariant of the Dehn fillings of M which admit a hyperbolic structure. We also give an explicit formula for the ortholength invariant in terms of the traces of the holonomies of certain loops in M. Conjecturally this new invariant is intimately related to the boundary of the hyperbolic Dehn surgery space of M.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol2/agt-2-23.abs.html
Cyanus reuterianus Holub 1973
Creators: name: Negaresh, Kazem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Calliphoridae
Cyanus
Cyanus reuterianus

description: Key to the varieties of C. reuterianus
 1. Flowers pink- to violet-purple............................................................................................................. C. reuterianus var. reuterianus
 2. Flowers creamy-white............................................................................................................................. C. reuterianus var. phrygius
description: Published as part of Negaresh, Kazem, 2022, A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution, pp. 18-40 in Phytotaxa 531 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5843470
New Quantum Deformation of Osp(1;2)
Creators: name: Juszczak, Cezary
name: Sobczyk, Jan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The complete set of formulas describing the new quantum deformation of the OSP(1;2) supergroup is provided. A general ansatz is solved for the deformation of the Borel subalgebra of its dual quantum deformation of osp(1;2).
description: 10 pages, LaTeX, Talk given at the 7-th Colloquium "Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems", Prague 1998
On the smoothness of nonlinear system identification
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Antônio H.
name: Tiels, Koen
name: Umenberger, Jack
name: Schön, Thomas B.
name: Aguirre, Luis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We shed new light on the \textit{smoothness} of optimization problems arising in prediction error parameter estimation of linear and nonlinear systems. We show that for regions of the parameter space where the model is not contractive, the Lipschitz constant and $β$-smoothness of the objective function might blow up exponentially with the simulation length, making it hard to numerically find minima within those regions or, even, to escape from them. In addition to providing theoretical understanding of this problem, this paper also proposes the use of multiple shooting as a viable solution. The proposed method minimizes the error between a prediction model and the observed values. Rather than running the prediction model over the entire dataset, multiple shooting splits the data into smaller subsets and runs the prediction model over each subset, making the simulation length a design parameter and making it possible to solve problems that would be infeasible using a standard approach. The equivalence to the original problem is obtained by including constraints in the optimization. The new method is illustrated by estimating the parameters of nonlinear systems with chaotic or unstable behavior, as well as neural networks. We also present a comparative analysis of the proposed method with multi-step-ahead prediction error minimization.
title: Circaea x intermedia
title: Mittleres Hexenkraut (Circaea x intermedia)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 3 Bilder des Mittleren Hexenkrauts.
Ester formation in intermittently dried noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Creators: name: Lin, Chi-Hung
name: Tzou-Chi Huang
name: Ho-Hsien Chen
name: Shyang-Chwen Sheu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The formation of aromatic esters in intermittently dried noni fruit by endogenous enzymatic activity was investigated. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to determine the volatile compounds of Morinda citrifolia (noni). Large amounts of free fatty acids, especially hexanoic and octanoic acids, were found in fully matured noni. Significant amounts of esters derived from hexanoic and octanoic acids were detected in dried noni, especially in the product that intermittently dried. We postulate that autolysis occurred during ripening and that ester formation was catalyzed by endogenous lipase under low water activity (0.6 ± 0.1) during the intermittent drying stage. By controlling the water activities of noni fruit, biochemical reactions leading to the transformation of the sharp odor into an aromatic smell in dried noni products were investigated.
title: Australian School Students’ Utilitarian Cycling: Patterns and Associated Determinants
Creators: name: Wati, Kala
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cycling to school
subject: School students, Cycling activity
subject: Travel mode choices
subject: Healthy lifestyle, School children

description: School students’ travel forms an integral component of the overall transport demand in Australian cities. Students’ travel mode selection plays a vital role in their physical, social and mental well-being. Utilitarian bike riding is increasingly recognised as being important, giving children an economical, healthy and environmentally friendly travel option. An added advantage is that they can travel for relatively longer distances using an active travel mode that they are in control of. In spite of the numerous and multifaceted benefits of cycling, very few Australian school students use the bicycle for transport. Australian parents and guardians, bound by the ethos surrounding good parenting and conventional travel norms, may feel obliged to drive their children to school, with consequential negative implications for their children’s health and well-being or the development of life-long attitudes towards the use of varied travel modes.
Stenochrus alcalai Monjaraz-Ruedas and Francke 2018
Creators: name: Monjaraz-Ruedas, Rodrigo
name: Prendini, Lorenzo
name: Francke, Oscar F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Schizomida
Hubbardiidae
Stenochrus
Stenochrus alcalai

description: Stenochrus alcalai Monjaraz-Ruedas and Francke, 2018: 203–206, 208, figs. 43–56, 71. TYPE MATERIAL: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Municipio de San Pedro Jocotipac: La Laguna, 17°43′38″N 97°06′06″W, 2402 m, 23.viii.2015, D. Barrales, J. Cruz, O. Francke, R. Monjaraz, and J. Sánchez, holotype ♂ (CNAN T1160), paratype ♀ (CNAN T1161); El Tanque, 17°44′35″N 97°06′20″W, 2402 m, 22.viii.2016, D. Barrales, J. Cruz, O. Francke, R. Monjaraz, and J. Sánchez, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ paratypes (CNAN T1162).
description: Published as part of Monjaraz-Ruedas, Rodrigo, Prendini, Lorenzo & Francke, Oscar F., 2019, Systematics Of The Short-Tailed Whipscorpion Genus Stenochrus Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), With Descriptions Of Six New Genera And Five New Species, pp. 1-93 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2019 (435) on page 68, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.435.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5416046
description: {"references": ["Monjaraz-Ruedas, R., and O. F. Francke. 2018. Five new species of Stenochrus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Zootaxa 4374 (2): 189 - 214."]}
Clinical Implications of the PRESERVE Study and the Use of IVC Filters
Creators: name: Stibbs, Peter
name: Chow, Anna
name: Overton, William
name: McDowell, Liam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are devices designed to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) by trapping large emboli originating from deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities. These devices have been a critical tool in managing patients at high risk for PE, particularly those who have contraindications to anticoagulation therapy or have experienced recurrent thromboembolic events despite anticoagulation. However, the clinical utility and safety of IVC filters have been subjects of ongoing debate due to potential complications such as filter migration, fracture, and the long-term risks of leaving filters in place.The PRESERVE (Predicting the Safety and Effectiveness of Inferior Vena Cava Filters) study is a landmark trial aimed at providing comprehensive data on the safety, efficacy, and outcomes associated with the use of both retrievable and permanent IVC filters. This prospective, multicenter study involves a diverse patient population and multiple filter types, intending to address the knowledge gaps and controversies surrounding IVC filter use. The study’s findings are expected to inform clinical practice, refine patient selection criteria, and guide future guidelines.This article delves into the key findings of the PRESERVE study, its implications for clinical practice, and the current societal guidelines on the use of IVC filters. By examining the safety profile, retrieval rates, and clinical outcomes, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the role of IVC filters in managing thromboembolic disease. The discussion also highlights the importance of patient selection, follow-up strategies, and the continued role of anticoagulation in patients with IVC filters, aligning with the evolving guidelines from major medical societies.
System level analysis of motor-related neural activities in larval Drosophila
Creators: name: Youngteak Yoon
name: Jeonghyuk Park
name: Taniguchi, Atsushi
name: Kohsaka, Hiroshi
name: Nakae, Ken
name: Nonaka, Shigenori
name: Ishii, Shin
name: Akinao Nose
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Developmental Biology

description: The way in which the central nervous system (CNS) governs animal movement is complex and difficult to solve solely by the analyses of muscle movement patterns. We tackle this problem by observing the activity of a large population of neurons in the CNS of larval Drosophila. We focused on two major behaviors of the larvae – forward and backward locomotion – and analyzed the neuronal activity related to these behaviors during the fictive locomotion that occurs spontaneously in the isolated CNS. We expressed a genetically-encoded calcium indicator, GCaMP and a nuclear marker in all neurons and then used digitally scanned light-sheet microscopy to record (at a fast frame rate) neural activities in the entire ventral nerve cord (VNC). We developed image processing tools that automatically detected the cell position based on the nuclear staining and allocate the activity signals to each detected cell. We also applied a machine learning-based method that we recently developed to assign motor status in each time frame. Our experimental procedures and computational pipeline enabled systematic identification of neurons that showed characteristic motor activities in larval Drosophila. We found cells whose activity was biased toward forward locomotion and others biased toward backward locomotion. In particular, we identified neurons near the boundary of the subesophageal zone (SEZ) and thoracic neuromeres, which were strongly active during an early phase of backward but not forward fictive locomotion.
title: Polystichum lonchitis
title: Lanzen-Schildfarn (Polystichum lonchitis)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 9 Bilder des Lanzen-Schildfarns.
Hopf bracoids
Creators: name: Vilaboa, José Manuel Fernández
name: Rodríguez, Ramón González
name: Pérez, Brais Ramos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18M05, 16T05

description: The present article is devoted to introduce the notion of Hopf bracoid in the braided monoidal framework as the quantum version of skew bracoids, which have been presented by Martin-Lyons and Paul J. Truman. Taking into account that Hopf braces are particular examples of Hopf bracoids, in this paper we generalize many properties of Hopf braces to the Hopf bracoid setting and we obtain a categorical isomorphism between certain full subcategories of the Hopf bracoids category and the 1-cocycles category.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2311.05235
Non-identical moiré twins in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Arrighi, E.
name: Nguyen, V. -H.
name: Di Luca, M.
name: Maffione, G.
name: Hong, Y.
name: Farrar, L.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Mailly, D.
name: Charlier, J. -C.
name: Ribeiro-Palau, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superlattice obtained by aligning a monolayer graphene and boron nitride (BN) inherits from the hexagonal lattice a sixty degrees periodicity with the layer alignment. It implies that, in principle, the properties of the heterostructure must be identical for 0$^{\circ}$ and 60$^{\circ}$ of layer alignment. Here, we demonstrate, using dynamically rotatable van der Waals heterostructures, that the moiré superlattice formed in a bilayer graphene/BN has different electronic properties at 0$^{\circ}$ and 60$^{\circ}$ of alignment. Although the existence of these non-identical moiré twins is explained by different relaxation of the atomic structures for each alignment, the origin of the observed valley Hall effect remains to be explained. A simple Berry curvature argument do not hold to explain the hundred and twenty degrees periodicity of this observation. Our results highlight the complexity of the interplay between mechanical and electronic properties on moiré structure and the importance of taking into account atomic structure relaxation to understand its electronic properties.
title: Al-Shabaab in Kenya: Regional Variations in Grievances, Ideology and Identity
Creators: name: Muthoni, Linet
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Grievances
subject: Ideology
subject: Identity
subject: internal variations

description: This thesis draws on concepts from terrorism, political violence and criminology literature to examine the internal variations of al-Shabaab attacks in Kenya and the significance of grievances, ideology, social identity, social networks and physical geography. Overall, the findings from this research illustrate that the threat of terrorism from a single group can vary significantly across a country according to specific regional and local conditions. This research illustrates how terrorist organisations adapt attack patterns and strategies to maximise the opportunities presented by different aspects of a country's physical geography, including urban areas, borderlands and rough terrain characterised by dense forests. This research also identifies the human and geographical channels through which cross-border terrorist activities foster domestic terrorism. In so doing, it captures the centrality of local knowledge to the perpetuation of terrorist activities. The last three empirical chapters illustrate how terrorist organisations tap into and frame context-specific grievances and conditions to foster and politicise group identity, build support and in the target selection process. The findings from this thesis underscore the importance of adopting a historical, contemporary and context-focused approach to understanding the dynamics of terrorism. They also capture the interconnection between ideology, grievances, identity, social networks, and aspects of a country’s physical geography in shaping terrorist attack and recruitment patterns. The outcome of this thesis is a methodological approach for the cross-regional study of terrorism. The elements of the proposed approach, which form the basis of the five results chapters, are summarised in the concluding chapter of this thesis.
Single-Shot Readout of a Nuclear Spin in Silicon Carbide
Creators: name: Lai, Xiao-Yi
name: Fang, Ren-Zhou
name: Li, Tao
name: Su, Ren-Zhu
name: Huang, Jia
name: Li, Hao
name: You, Li-Xing
name: Bao, Xiao-Hui
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state qubits with a photonic interface is very promising for quantum networks. Color centers in silicon carbide have shown excellent optical and spin coherence, even when integrated with membranes and nano-structures. Additionally, nuclear spins coupled with electron spins can serve as long-lived quantum memories. Pioneering work in previous has realized the initialization of a single nuclear spin and demonstrated its entanglement with an electron spin. In this paper, we report the first realization of single-shot readout for a nuclear spin in SiC. We obtain a deterministic readout fidelity of 98.2% with a measurement duration of 1.13 ms. With a dual-step readout scheme, we obtain a readout fidelity as high as 99.5% with a success efficiency of 89.8%. Our work complements the experimental toolbox of harnessing both electron and nuclear spins in SiC for future quantum networks.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Gauge-Invariant Operators for Singular Knots in Chern-Simons Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Labastida, J. M. F.
name: Perez, Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct gauge invariant operators for singular knots in the context of Chern-Simons gauge theory. These new operators provide polynomial invariants and Vassiliev invariants for singular knots. As an application we present the form of the Kontsevich integral for the case of singular knots.
description: 44 pages, latex, 16 figures
title: Circaea alpina
title: Alpen-Hexenkraut (Circaea alpina)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 2 Bilder des Alpen-Hexenkrauts.
Real-time Model-based Image Color Correction for Underwater Robots
Creators: name: Roznere, Monika
name: Li, Alberto Quattrini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, a new underwater imaging formation model presented that the coefficients related to the direct and backscatter transmission signals are dependent on the type of water, camera specifications, water depth, and imaging range. This paper proposes an underwater color correction method that integrates this new model on an underwater robot, using information from a pressure depth sensor for water depth and a visual odometry system for estimating scene distance. Experiments were performed with and without a color chart over coral reefs and a shipwreck in the Caribbean. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed method by comparing it with other statistic-, physic-, and learning-based color correction methods. Applications for our proposed method include improved 3D reconstruction and more robust underwater robot navigation.
description: Accepted at the 2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
Exploring correlations between Groundwater level change and settlement planning in National Capital Territory of Delhi
Creators: Pendharkar, Anish
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Groundwater
City planning--Environmental aspects
Water-supply--Management
Planned communities

description: Groundwater in Delhi has been decreasing continuously over the past two decades, with many parts of the state designated as over-exploited or critically exploited. The depletion of groundwater is often attributed to the widespread and mostly illegal extraction through tube wells. Various case studies on water access in Delhi, point toward several factors which lead people to use tube wells, such as the absence of piped water supply, absence of private sources of water, inability to afford the high price of a legal connection and insecurity of tenure. These factors result in a different level of groundwater dependence in planned and unplanned settlements. This is a novel exploratory study with two objectives: to develop a quantifiable relationship between these factors and change in groundwater levels and to observe if these relationships vary between planned and unplanned settlements. Such an empirical relationship would help understand primary reasons for groundwater depletion, and would help in nuanced estimation of groundwater draft, leading to realistic estimations of future demands and potential of groundwater development. Two kinds of regression analysis are used, one global (OLS) and another local (GWR). Results show that most relationships between these factors and groundwater change are as expected, with some exceptions. Though no significant difference was found in these relationships between planned and unplanned settlements. Future studies with better data availability can help establish conclusive empirical relationships and tools like GWR can help define spatial regimes for groundwater management in Delhi
Noncommutative gauge theory for Poisson manifolds
Creators: name: Jurco, Branislav
name: Schupp, Peter
name: Wess, Julius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A noncommutative gauge theory is associated to every Abelian gauge theory on a Poisson manifold. The semi-classical and full quantum version of the map from the ordinary gauge theory to the noncommutative gauge theory (Seiberg-Witten map) is given explicitly to all orders for any Poisson manifold in the Abelian case. In the quantum case the construction is based on Kontsevich's formality theorem.
description: 12 pages
title: Polystichum aculeatum
title: Dorniger Schildfarn (Polystichum aculeatum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 1 Bild des Dornigen Schildfarns.
Cyanus reuterianus var. reuterianus var. reuterianus
Creators: name: Negaresh, Kazem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Calliphoridae
Cyanus
Cyanus reuterianus
Cyanus reuterianus var. reuterianus

description: 14a. Cyanus reuterianus var. reuterianus
 Distribution: — Cyanus reuterianus var. reuterianus is endemic to Muğla, Kütahya and Isparta Provinces, SW and W Turkey (Fig. 7).
 Selected specimens examined:— TURKEY. C2 Muğla: Sandras Dagi above Agla, ascent from Cirali to the Cicekbaba Tep, 21 June 1999, Döring et al. 91 (W!). B2 Kütahya: Murat Da. above Banaz, 2000–2100 m, 15 June 1965, Coode & Jones 2521 (E!); Murat dag (above Gediz) above Kesik Sögüt, 1700–1900 m, 5 July 1962, Davis & Coode D36750 (E!).
description: Published as part of Negaresh, Kazem, 2022, A checklist of the genus Cyanus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in Turkey, with notes on taxonomy and distribution, pp. 18-40 in Phytotaxa 531 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5843470
title: An Investigation of the Role of Customer Engagement in Strengthening Service Brand Loyalty
Creators: name: So, Kam Fung
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Brand loyalty
subject: Customer loyalty
subject: Customer engagement

description: For years, the development and maintenance of brand loyalty has been the ultimate goal of the marketing activities of many organisations (Dick & Basu, 1994; Fournier & Yao, 1997), and the significant benefits firms derive from strong brand loyalty have led to numerous studies investigating its formation. Previous loyalty research, which has mainly examined key marketing concepts such as service quality, customer satisfaction and perceived value as loyalty antecedents, has contributed significantly to the current understanding of the influence of transaction- related drivers of loyalty. However, the growth of the Internet and the emergence of new media channels have provided firms with an effective platform for customer interaction, enabling service brands to develop and maintain connections with customers beyond the service encounter. As a result, marketing scholars and practitioners increasingly recognise that brand loyalty can be built through a range of behaviours conceptualised as “customer engagement”.
Prompting open-source and commercial language models for grammatical error correction of English learner text
Creators: name: Davis, Christopher
name: Caines, Andrew
name: Andersen, Øistein
name: Taslimipoor, Shiva
name: Yannakoudakis, Helen
name: Yuan, Zheng
name: Bryant, Christopher
name: Rei, Marek
name: Buttery, Paula
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Thanks to recent advances in generative AI, we are able to prompt large language models (LLMs) to produce texts which are fluent and grammatical. In addition, it has been shown that we can elicit attempts at grammatical error correction (GEC) from LLMs when prompted with ungrammatical input sentences. We evaluate how well LLMs can perform at GEC by measuring their performance on established benchmark datasets. We go beyond previous studies, which only examined GPT* models on a selection of English GEC datasets, by evaluating seven open-source and three commercial LLMs on four established GEC benchmarks. We investigate model performance and report results against individual error types. Our results indicate that LLMs do not always outperform supervised English GEC models except in specific contexts -- namely commercial LLMs on benchmarks annotated with fluency corrections as opposed to minimal edits. We find that several open-source models outperform commercial ones on minimal edit benchmarks, and that in some settings zero-shot prompting is just as competitive as few-shot prompting.
description: 8 pages with appendices; accepted to ACL Findings 2024
title: Gymnocarpium dryopteris
title: Eichenfarn (Gymnocarpium dryopteris)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 6 Bilder des Eichenfarns.
Simulating complex quantum networks with time crystals
Creators: name: Estarellas, M. P.
name: Osada, T.
name: Bastidas, V. M.
name: Renoust, B.
name: Sanaka, K.
name: Munro, W. J.
name: Nemoto, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystals arise as the result of the breaking of a spatial translation symmetry. Similarly, translation symmetries can also be broken in time so that discrete time crystals appear. Here, we introduce a method to describe, characterize, and explore the physical phenomena related to this phase of matter using tools from graph theory. The analysis of the graphs allows to visualizing time-crystalline order and to analyze features of the quantum system. For example, we explore in detail the melting process of a minimal model of a period-2 discrete time crystal and describe it in terms of the evolution of the associated graph structure. We show that during the melting process, the network evolution exhibits an emergent preferential attachment mechanism, directly associated with the existence of scale-free networks. Thus, our strategy allows us to propose a previously unexplored far-reaching application of time crystals as a quantum simulator of complex quantum networks.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Exploring how Skin Color and Racial Identity Modify the Relationship between Perceptions of Racism and Psychological Distress among Latinas/os
Creators: Victoria, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Counseling psychology

description: The field of psychology now minimally disputes that racism is a stressor that significantly impacts the emotional well-being of People of Color. However, this knowledge base has been largely built on data using Black American samples and less on other middle-of-the -spectrum racial groups. Psychological research has also shifted its focus to examine what underlying mechanisms help buffer the negative impact of racism. The current study aimed to expand the body of research on racism by examining the link between experiences of racial discrimination and psychological distress using a Latina/o adult sample. Also, the potential moderating and mediating role of skin color and racial identity status attitudes on the relationship between racial discrimination and psychological distress were examined because of influence these variables have on the racial socialization experiences of Latinas/os. Additional research questions in the current investigation examined the relationship between skin color and experiences of racial discrimination and skin color with racial identity status attitudes.
Participants in the study were 491 adult Latinas/os who participated either online (n = 344) or using a paper-and-pencil (n = 147) version of the questionnaire packet that included the Perceived Racism Scale for Latinas/os (Collado-Proctor, 1999), the People of Color Racial Identity Attitude Scale (Helms, 1995), the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995), the New Immigrant Survey Skin Color Scale (Massey and Martin, 2003), and a Personal Data Sheet. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that experiences of racial discrimination were positively associated with psychological distress. Results found no association between skin color and experiences of racial discrimination but a MANOVA found that "Medium/Brown" skinned participants were more likely to endorse Resistance status attitudes relative to "White" skinned Latinas/os. Lastly, results found no evidence of mediation but found evidence indicating that Dissonance status attitudes moderated the relationship between experiences of racial discrimination and anxiety as an indicator of psychological distress in ways that were theoretically consistent with racial identity theory (i.e., Dissonance status attitudes were positively associated with anxiety that was associated with experiences of racial discrimination).
The findings expand the literature by further demonstrating that experiences of racial discrimination are experienced as a stressor among Latinas/os. The findings also reinforce the stance that psychological researches need to continue to examine how individual and group-related variables interact with experiences of racism that might buffer or enhance the impact of these experiences. Implications for clinical practice as well as future research are reviewed.
Quasi-isometric rigidity for the solvable Baumslag-Solitar groups, II
Creators: name: Farb, Benson
name: Mosher, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let BS(1,n)= < a,b: aba^{-1}=b^n >. We prove that any finitely-generated group quasi-isometric to BS(1,n) is (up to finite groups) isomorphic to BS(1,n). We also show that any uniform group of quasisimilarities of the real line is bilipschitz conjugate to an affine group.
description: 42 pages. see also http://www.math.uchicago.edu/~farb
title: Cystopteris fragilis
title: Zerbrechlicher Blasenfarn (Cystopteris fragilis)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 7 Bilder des Zerbrechlichen Blasenfarns.
Improved regularity for minimizing capillary hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Chodosh, Otis
name: Edelen, Nick
name: Li, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give improved estimates for the size of the singular set of minimizing capillary hypersurfaces: the singular set is always of codimension at least $4$, and this estimate improves if the capillary angle is close to $0$, $\fracπ{2}$, or $π$. For capillary angles that are close to $0$ or $π$, our analysis is based on a rigorous connection between the capillary problem and the one-phase Bernoulli problem.
title: Race Matters in Talk in Inter-Racial Interaction
Creators: name: Demosthenous, Catherine M
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Equal opportunity
subject: Equity
subject: Indigenous people
subject: Social justice
subject: Education
subject: Social inclusion

description: Contemporary research indicates that Indigenous people are under-represented in the Australian higher education sector and that on-campus university relations and communications between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous persons may be a problem. However, actual talk in interaction between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians in university settings has not been examined. Drawing on Ethnomethodology (EM) and its analytic methods, Conversation Analysis (CA) and Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA), this study examines interaction between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous persons, who are participating in a focus group activity discussing experiences of university in a university setting in Australia. Data are audio-recordings of non-contrived focus group interaction between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous persons. These are transcribed using the Jeffersonian transcription system. This study’s examination of linguistic, conversational and categorial resources shows that race matters to experiences of university. Application of the inclusive/exclusive distinction to an examination of ‘we’ in retrospective accounts distinguishes the categories of person that participants include in their experiences of university. Primarily it shows that these Indigenous participants report sharing university experiences with racial co-members, that is, with other Indigenous persons. On rare occasions when Indigenous participants did include Non-Indigenous persons as co-members in shared experiences, they did so to emphasise their isolation within racial cross-member tutorial-classes. In contrast, these Non-Indigenous participants report sharing university experiences with persons from a range of categories. Non-Indigenous participants were found shifting the talk from race matters to non-race matters. This allowed Non-Indigenous participants a turn-at-talk, and was found to diffuse potentially adverse consequences resulting from using race as a category in recounting experiences. Further, the study shows Non-Indigenous participants distance and disalign themselves from the problem of Non-Indigenous people, and therefore from assuming responsibility for racist actions reportedly perpetrated by members of their own racial groups. As these Indigenous and Non-Indigenous participants discuss sensitive race matters, they manage to align and agree with each other. They accomplish this by organising their talk with a preference for agreement; all the while, assembling a social world in which race matters in significant and sundry ways.
Uniqueness of solutions to Lp-Christoffel-Minkowski problem for p<1
Creators: name: Chen, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: $L_p$-Christoffel-Minkowski problem arises naturally in the $L_p$-Brunn-Minkowski theory. It connects both curvature measures and area measures of convex bodies and is a fundamental problem in convex geometric analysis. Since the lack of Firey's extension of Brunn-Minkowski inequality and constant rank theorem for $p<1$, the existence and uniqueness of $L_p$-Brunn-Minkowski problem are difficult problems. In this paper, we prove a uniqueness theorem for solutions to $L_p$-Christoffel-Minkowski problem with $p<1$ and constant prescribed data. Our proof is motivated by the idea of Brendle-Choi-Daskaspoulos's work on asymptotic behavior of flows by powers of the Gaussian curvature. One of the highlights of our arguments is that we introduce a new auxiliary function $Z$ which is the key to our proof.
description: 12 pages
title: Cystopteris montana
title: Berg-Blasenfarn (Cystopteris montana)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 5 Bilder des Berg-Blasenfarns.
Turbulence Fluctuations and New Universal Realizability Conditions in Modelling
Creators: name: Eyink, Gregory L.
name: Alexander, Francis J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General turbulent mean statistics are shown to be characterized by a variational principle. The variational functionals, or ``effective actions'', have experimental consequences for turbulence fluctuations and are subject to realizability conditions of positivity and convexity. An efficient Rayleigh-Ritz algorithm is available to calculate approximate effective actions within PDF closures. Examples are given for Navier-Stokes and for a 3-mode system of Lorenz. The new realizability conditions succeed at detecting {\em a priori} the poor predictions of PDF closures even when the classical 2nd-order moment realizability conditions are satisfied.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX (Version 2.09), 3 figures, Postscript, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Who votes for new parties? Economic voting, political ideology and populist attitudes
Creators: name: Marcos-Marne, Hugo
name: Plaza-Colodro, Carolina
name: Freyburg, Tina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Beginning with the economic crisis in 2008, a number of European societies witnessed the emergence of ‘new parties’. Most authors explain their electoral appeal by focusing on how the perceived state of the economy influences individuals’ voting decisions. This article determines the extent to which political attitudes can also explain voting for new political parties born in the heat of the economic crisis. Specifically, it explores the link between populist attitudes, in contrast to pluralist and elitist attitudes, and voting for two new political parties in Spain (Ciudadanos; Podemos), which are noticeably different in their ideological positions, programmatic proposals and populist discourses. The results show that stronger populist attitudes increase the likelihood of voting for new parties as dissimilar as Podemos and Ciudadanos. Overall, the findings suggest that voting for new parties cannot be understood as a mere economic response. Rather, political factors, and especially populist attitudes, matter too.
Newton's laws of motion generating gravity-mediated entanglement
Creators: name: Marchese, Marta Maria
name: Plávala, Martin
name: Kleinmann, Matthias
name: Nimmrichter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interface between quantum theory and gravity represents still uncharted territory. Recently, some works suggested promising alternative approaches aimed at witnessing quantum features to test the fundamental nature of gravity in tabletop experiments: Two masses in an initial superposition of spatially localized states are allowed to interact only through gravity and it is measured whether the final state is entangled. Here we show that one can generate the same amount of entanglement in this setup by using classical time evolution given by Newton's laws of motion. We argue that theories of quantum gravity that can be approximated by the Newtonian potential and classical time evolution given by Newton's laws of motion will generate gravity-mediated entanglement.
description: 5+5 pages, 1+2 figures
title: ‘Should we laugh?’ Acoustic features of (in)voluntary laughters in spontaneous conversations
Creators: name: Krepsz, Valéria
name: Horváth, Viktória
name: Huszár, Anna
name: Neuberger, Tilda
name: Gyarmathy, Dorottya
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Laughter
subject: Spontaneous speech
subject: Voluntary–involuntary
subject: Speech production
subject: Speech perception
subject: Non-verbal feature
subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Laughter is one of the most common non-verbal features; however, contrary to the previous assumptions, it may also act as signals of bonding, affection, emotional regulation agreement or empathy (Scott et al. Trends Cogn Sci 18:618–620, 2014). Although previous research agrees that laughter does not form a uniform group in many respects, different types of laughter have been defined differently by individual research. Due to the various definitions of laughter, as well as their different methodologies, the results of the previous examinations were often contradictory. The analysed laughs were often recorded in controlled, artificial situations; however, less is known about laughs from social conversations. Thus, the aim of the present study is to examine the acoustic realisation, as well as the automatic classification of laughter that appear in human interactions according to whether listeners consider them to be voluntary or involuntary. The study consists of three parts using a multi-method approach. Firstly, in the perception task, participants had to decide whether the given laughter seemed to be rather involuntary or voluntary. In the second part of the experiment, those sound samples of laughter were analysed that were considered to be voluntary or involuntary by at least 66.6% of listeners. In the third part, all the sound samples were grouped into the two categories by an automatic classifier. The results showed that listeners were able to distinguish laughter extracted from spontaneous conversation into two different types, as well as the distinction was possible on the basis of the automatic classification. In addition, there were significant differences in acoustic parameters between the two groups of laughter. The results of the research showed that, although the distinction between voluntary and involuntary laughter categories appears based on the analysis of everyday, spontaneous conversations in terms of the perception and acoustic features, there is often an overlap in the acoustic features of voluntary and involuntary laughter. The results will enrich our previous knowledge of laughter and help to describe and explore the diversity of non-verbal vocalisations.
Mars in the aftermath of a colossal impact
Creators: name: Woo, Jason Man Yin
name: Genda, Hidenori
name: Brasser, Ramon
name: Mojzsis, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance of highly siderophile elements (HSEs) inferred for Mars' mantle from martian meteorites implies a Late Veneer (LV) mass addition of ~0.8 wt% with broadly chondritic composition. Late accretion to Mars by a differentiated Ceres-sized (~1000 km diameter) object can account for part of the requisite LV mass, and geochronological constraints suggests that this must have occurred no later than ca. 4480 Ma. Here, we analyze the outcome of the hypothetical LV giant impact to Mars with smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations together with analytical theory. Results show that, in general about 50% of the impactor's metallic core shatters into ~10m fragments that subsequently fragment into sub-mm metallic hail at re-accretion. This returns a promising delivery of HSEs into martian mantle compared to either a head-on and hit-and-run collision; in both cases,<10% of impactor's core materials are fragmented and finally embedded in the martian mantle. Isotopic evidence from martian meteorites, and interpretations from atmospheric mapping data show that a global surface water reservoir could be present during the early Noachian (before ca. 4100 Ma). The millimeter-sized metal hail could thus react with a martian hydrosphere to generate ~3 bars of H2, which is adequate to act as a greenhouse and keep early Mars warm. Yet, we also find that this atmosphere is transient. It typically survives shorter than 3 Myr based on the expected extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux of the early Sun; if the Sun was a slow rotator an accordingly weaker EUV flux could extend this lifetime to >10 Myr. A dense pre-Noachian CO2 atmosphere should lower the escape efficiency of hydrogen by IR emission. A more detailed hydrodynamic atmospheric model of this early hydrogen atmosphere is warranted to examine its effect on pre-Noachian Mars.
A Programmable and Reconfigurable Photonic Simulator for Classical XY Models
Creators: name: Ouyang, Jiayi
name: Liao, Yuxuan
name: Feng, Xue
name: Li, Yongzhuo
name: Cui, Kaiyu
name: Liu, Fang
name: Sun, Hao
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Huang, Yidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a photonic simulator for XY models, which is a typical kind of classical spin models. By encoding the XY spins on the phase term of the input light field, the corresponding XY Hamiltonian could be performed on the output light intensities. The simulator is mainly based on a programmable and reconfigurable optical vector-matrix multiplication system, which can map arbitrary XY models within the dimensionality limit. Here, we demonstrated the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a two-dimensional XY model, in which the expectation values of some observables are calculated and consistent with the theory. Besides, we performed the ground state search of two 25-spin XY models with different spin connections and coupling strengths. Our proposal paves a new way to investigate the XY spin system.