Pulmonary Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Drug Resistance Pattern and Associated Risk Factors in Uniformed Service Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Fentahun, Nigusu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Background: Tuberculosis remains one of the formidable challenges to global health commitments and drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a major challenge to the control of TB. Members of army, prisoners, police and their families represent a segment of the national population that may be at increased risk for TB infection, disease, and transmission due to service in endemic areas and residence in congregate settings. Thus, there is a collective need determining the epidemiology, drug-resistant patter, and risk factors of tuberculosis among uniformed population for possible interventions. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, drug-resistance pattern and associated risk factors of pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis in uniformed hospitals (Federal police, Defense, and prison administration hospital) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study design was performed on eligible tuberculosis suspected patients using a consecutive sampling technique from June to August 2016. Three sputum samples (spot-morning-spot) were collected from each participant and tested for tuberculosis using ziehl neelsen sputum smear microscopy, liquid culture (BACTEC Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube 960), and GenXpert MTB Rif diagnostic techniques. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data, Clinical signs and symptoms and other risk factors of the study participants. Data was sorted into working sheet, cleaned and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the data was extracted by exporting to SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 167 eligible and volunteer tuberculosis suspected patients were participated, where 109 (65.3%) were male. The mean age was 37 and the dominant age group was 35-44 (41.3%). Sixty-eight (40.7%) of the participants were from Federal police hospital, 39 (22.2%) from Prison hospital and 62 (37.1%) from Armed Force hospital, and 113 (67.7%) of participants live in camps. The prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis was 24 (14.4%) using Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube liquid culture, 11 (6.6%) in GenXpert and one was smear-negative tuberculosis. One case was identified as multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. The prevalence of tuberculosis was more among smokers, alcohol consumers and under weights (under 18.5 body mass index) with 72.7%, 63.6%, and 36.4%, respectively. History of contact with known tuberculosis patient, cigarette smoking, malnutrition and alcohol abuse had significant association with mycobacterium tuberculosis at P = 0.00 and HIV at P = 0.014. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of tuberculosis in uniformed hospitals, indicating possible transmission of TB especially within those living in the camp and prison. The study documented a number of risk factors which could facilitate exposures to tuberculosis infection. Thus, strong cooperation between uniformed authorities and the national tuberculosis control program is required to develop locally appropriate interventions potential for reducing tuberculosis transmission in members of army, prisoners, police and their families in Ethiopia.