cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Group Ratio Round-Robin: O(1) Proportional Share Scheduling for Uniprocessor and Multiprocessor Systems
Creators: name: Caprita, Bogdan
name: Chan, Wong Chun
name: Nieh, Jason
name: Stein, Clifford S.
name: Zheng, Haoqiang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: Proportional share resource management provides a flexible and useful abstraction for multiplexing time-shared resources. We present Group Ratio Round-Robin (GR3), the first proportional share scheduler that combines accurate proportional fairness scheduling behavior with O(1) scheduling overhead on both uniprocessor and multiprocessor systems. GR3 uses a novel client grouping strategy to organize clients into groups of similar processor allocations which can be more easily scheduled. Using this grouping strategy, GR3 combines the benefits of low overhead round-robin execution with a novel ratio-based scheduling algorithm. GR3 can provide fairness within a constant factor of the ideal generalized processor sharing model for client weights with a fixed upper bound and preserves its fairness properties on multiprocessor systems. We have implemented GR3 in Linux and measured its performance against other schedulers commonly used in research and practice, including the standard Linux scheduler, Weighted Fair Queueing, Virtual-Time Round-Robin, and Smoothed Round-Robin. Our experimental results demonstrate that GR3 can provide much lower scheduling overhead and much better scheduling accuracy in practice than these other approaches.
Recognizing magnetic structures by present and future radio telescopes with Faraday rotation measure synthesis
Creators: name: Beck, R.
name: Frick, P.
name: Stepanov, R.
name: Sokoloff, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 85

description: We investigate whether the method of wavelet-based Faraday rotation measure (RM) Synthesis can help us to identify structures of regular and turbulent magnetic fields in extended magnetized objects, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. Wavelets allow us to reformulate the RM synthesis method in a scale-dependent way and to visualize the data as a function of Faraday depth and scale. We present observational tests to recognize magnetic field structures. A region with a regular magnetic field generates a broad "disk" in Faraday space ("Faraday spectrum"), with two "horns" when the distribution of cosmic-ray electrons is broader than that of the thermal electrons. Each magnetic field reversal generates one asymmetric "horn" on top of the "disk". A region with a turbulent field can be recognized as a "Faraday forest" of many components. These tests are applied to the spectral ranges of various synthesis radio telescopes. We argue that the ratio of maximum to minimum wavelengths determines the range of scales that can be identified in Faraday space. A reliable recognition of magnetic field structures requires the analysis of data cubes in position-position-Faraday depth space ("PPF cubes"), observed over a wide and continuous wavelength range, allowing the recognition of a wide range of scales as well as high resolution in Faraday space. The planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will fulfill this condition and will be close to representing a perfect "Faraday telescope". The combination of data from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) appears to be a promising approach for the recognition of magnetic structures on all scales. The addition of data at intermediate frequencies from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) or the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) would fill the gap between the LOFAR and EVLA frequency ranges.
Cost-effectiveness of tildrakizumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the United States
Creators: name: Jia, Xiaoying
name: Zhao, Yang
name: Carrico, Justin
name: Brodtkorb, Thor-Henrik
name: Mendelsohn, Alan M.
name: Lowry, Simon
name: Feldman, Steve
name: Wu, Jashin J.
name: Armstrong, April W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: To evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of tildrakizumab and other biologic and targeted systemic treatments compared with a mix of topical therapies, phototherapies, and other conventional systemic therapies as first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis from a United States payer’s perspective. A Markov model consisting of health states based on Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) response rate categories and death was developed. The probabilities of achieving PASI responses were derived from a network meta-analysis based on published efficacy data. Health care costs and effectiveness measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated. Incremental costs per QALY gained of each biologic/targeted first-line treatment versus a mix of conventional treatments were compared to provide relative cost-effectiveness among biologic and targeted first-line treatments. Over 10 years, the incremental cost per QALY gained compared with a mix of topical therapies, phototherapies, and other oral systemic therapies was lowest for brodalumab, infliximab, apremilast, and tildrakizumab, followed by secukinumab, ixekizumab, guselkumab, adalimumab, ustekinumab, and etanercept. The position of tildrakizumab relative to the other treatments remained the same across multiple scenarios. Tildrakizumab is among the most cost-effective first-line therapies for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and is more cost-effective than secukinumab, ixekizumab, guselkumab, adalimumab, ustekinumab, and etanercept.
A General Framework for Designing Catadioptric Imaging and Projection Systems
Creators: name: Swaminathan, Rahul
name: Grossberg, Michael D.
name: Nayar, Shree K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: New vision applications have been made possible and old ones improved through the creation and design of novel catadioptric systems. Critical to the design of catadioptric imaging is determining the shape of one or more mirrors in the system. Almost all the previously designed mirrors for catadioptric systems used case specific tools and considerable effort on the part of the designer. Recently some new general methods have been proposed to automate the design process. However, all the methods presented so far determine the mirror shape by optimizing its geometric properties, such as surface normal orientations. A more principled approach is to determine a mirror that reduces image errors. In this paper we present a method for finding mirror shapes which meet user determined specifications while minimizing image error. We accomplish this by deriving a first order approximation of the image error. This permits us to compute the mirror shape using a linear approach that provides good results efficiently while avoiding the numerical problems associated with non-linear optimization. Since the design of mirrors can also be applied to projection systems, we also provide a method to approximate projection errors in the scene. We demonstrate our approach on various catadioptric systems and show our approach to provide much more accurate imaging characteristics. In some cases we achieved reduction in image error up to 80 percent.
Understanding the Leadership Role in Literacy Programming of Elementary School Principals
Creators: name: Pelling, Melody Lyn
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education--Administration
subject: Education--Early Childhood
subject: Education--Elementary
subject: Education--Reading
subject: Education--Teacher Training

description: Elementary school principals play a key role in leading the pedagogy in their schools. Among their many responsibilities is to ensure that all students have access to quality teaching and learning experiences. Arguably, one of the most important skills that an elementary student will learn in school is to become a confident, fluent reader, who can use their literacy skills to navigate in a complex and progressive society. Teaching children to read is multi-faceted and requires educators to have significant background knowledge and skill. Given this context, it is necessary to ask what role principals play in providing leadership and guidance specific to literacy, in their schools. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between elementary school leadership and literacy programming in elementary schools. This inquiry was done through a qualitative research approach that employed case study methodology. An anonymous survey, individual semi-structured interviews with five elementary school principals, and a document review were used to explore principals’ perceptions of their role in literacy leadership. The findings of this inquiry revealed principals do have an important role in literacy leadership in elementary schools, and that their work as a literacy leader is often facilitated through a distributed leadership model. This inquiry also revealed that, although principals feel they must understand the literacy process themselves to lead the work, they do not necessarily enter the role of principal with this requisite knowledge. Further to this, principals feel that a large part of their role as literacy leader is building the capacity of teachers’ literacy pedagogy, so that in turn, teachers can respond to students’ literacy needs through the lens of the school’s literacy leadership.
Radical recombination and antioxidants: a hypothesis on the FLASH effect mechanism
Creators: name: Hu, Ankang
name: Qiu, Rui
name: Li, Wei Bo
name: Zhou, Wanyi
name: Wu, Zhen
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Li, Junli
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: FLASH (ultra-high dose rate) radiotherapy spares normal tissue while keeping tumor control. However, the mechanism of the FLASH effect remains unclear and may have consequences beyond the irradiated area. We reanalyze the available results of ultra-high-dose-rate-related experiments to find out the key points of the mechanism of the FLASH effect. Then, we present a hypothesis on the mechanism of the FLASH effect: FLASH beams generate a high transient concentration of peroxyl radicals leading to a high fraction of radical recombination, which results in less oxidation damage to normal tissue. For the cells containing higher concentrations of antioxidants, the fractions of radical recombination are smaller because the antioxidants compete to react with peroxyl radicals. Therefore the damages by different dose rate beams differ slightly in this condition. Since some tumors contain a higher level of antioxidants, this may be the reason for the loss of the protective effect in tumors irradiated by FLASH beams. The high concentration of antioxidants in tumors results in slight radiolytic oxygen consumption, and consequently the protective effect observed in in vitro experiment cannot be observed in in vivo experiment. To quantitatively elaborate our hypothesis, a kinetic model is implemented to simulate the reactions induced by irradiation. Two parameters are defined to abstractly study the factors affecting the reaction, such as dose rate, antioxidants, total dose and reaction rate constants. We find that the explanation of the difference between in vivo and in vitro experiments is crucial to understanding the mechanism of the FLASH effect. Our hypothesis agrees with the results of related experiments. Based on the kinetic model, the effects of these factors on the FLASH effect are quantitatively investigated.
Non-Supersymmetric Stringy Attractors
Creators: name: Dominic, Pramod
name: Tripathy, Prasanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we examine the stability of non-supersymmetric attractors in type IIA supergravity compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold, in the presence of sub-leading corrections to the N=$ pre-potential. We study black hole configurations carrying D0-D6 and D0-D4 charges. We consider the O(1) corrections to the pre-potential given by the Euler number of the Calabi-Yau manifold. We argue that such corrections in general can not lift the zero modes for the D0-D6 attractors. However, for the attractors carrying the D0-D4 charges, they affect the zero modes in the vector multiplet sector. We show that, in the presence of such O(1) corrections, the D0-D4 attractors can either be stable or unstable depending on the geometry of the underlying Calabi-Yau manifold, and on the specific values of the charges they carry.
description: corrected typos, minor modifications
The Power of Various Real-Valued Quantum Queries
Creators: name: Bessen, Arvid J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: The computation of combinatorial and numerical problems on quantum computers is often much faster than on a classical computer in numbers of queries. A query is a procedure by which the quantum computer gains information about the specific problem. Different query definitions were given and our aim is to review them and to show that these definitions are not equivalent. To achieve this result we will study the simulation and approximation of one query type by another. While approximation is easy in one direction, we will show that it is hard in the other direction by a lower bound for the numbers of queries needed in the simulation. The main tool in this lower bound proof is a relationship between quantum algorithms and trigonometric polynomials that we will establish.
Organizing Principles for Dense Packings of Nonspherical Hard Particles: Not All Shapes Are Created Equal
Creators: name: Torquato, Salvatore
name: Jiao, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently devised organizing principles to obtain maximally dense packings of the Platonic and Archimedean solids, and certain smoothly-shaped convex nonspherical particles [Torquato and Jiao, Phys. Rev. E 81, 041310 (2010)]. Here we generalize them in order to guide one to ascertain the densest packings of other convex nonspherical particles as well as concave shapes. Our generalized organizing principles are explicitly stated as four distinct propositions. We apply and test all of these organizing principles to the most comprehensive set of both convex and concave particle shapes to date, including Catalan solids, prisms, antiprisms, cylinders, dimers of spheres and various concave polyhedra. We demonstrate that all of the densest known packings associated with this wide spectrum of nonspherical particles are consistent with our propositions. Among other applications, our general organizing principles enable us to construct analytically the densest known packings of certain convex nonspherical particles, including spherocylinders, "lens-shaped" particles, square pyramids and rhombic pyramids. Moreover, we show how to apply these principles to infer the high-density equilibrium crystalline phases of hard convex and concave particles. We also discuss the unique packing attributes of maximally random jammed packings of nonspherical particles.
description: 37 pages, 14 figures
Colorado water, February 1997
Creators: name: Rewey, Liz
name: Schmidt, Laurie
name: Graf, David
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Also has date January 1997.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
Temporo-frontal phase synchronization supports hierarchical network for mismatch negativity
Creators: name: MacLean, Shannon Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Several cortical regions appear active when the mismatch negativity (MMN) scalp potential is evoked automatically in response to detectable auditory changes. It remains debatable whether the activation of regions beyond the auditory cortex is coincidental or functionally significant to the MMN response. We used independent component analysis (ICA) to separate high density EEG data (64-channel) prior to dipole fitting for two reasons: 1) to enhance the spatial resolution of EEG and 2) to provide temporal and frequency information about the cortical sources needed to evaluate their functional relationships during the MMN response. For a group of young adults (n = 12) passively listening to infrequent changes in complex tones while watching a silent movie, event-related activity within sources localized to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) regions accounted for most of the scalp response variance implicating these regions as driving forces in the MMN. For a second group (n = 14) performing both passive and active listening across the same paradigm, cross-coherence (phase synchronization) during the MMN response was consistently found between the OFC and the STG bilaterally. During both paradigms the source in the right inferior frontal gryus (R IFG) was also synchronous with the STG-OFC network. When responding to deviant targets in the active paradigm, synchrony was more bilaterally distributed across the network. For a third group (n = 14) passively listening to infrequent changes in speech syllables, synchrony during the MMN response was found between the STG-OFC again as well as with regions in the R IFG and Broca’s area. This same subject group later attended to the speech syllables responding to deviants and standards with a different button press. Synchrony between the STG-OFC, and Broca’s area was found, as well synchrony with a source in the right anterior cingulate. All paradigms showed synchronous interactions both within and between the temporo-frontal regions that were modulated differentially by deviant and standard stimulus conditions as well as by task demands providing the first evidence of functional coupling within a hierarchical network coinciding with the MMN response evoked at the scalp.
Perceptions of Ideal Grief and Continuing Bonds: Undergraduate Student Survey in a Medicalizing Context
Creators: name: Buote, Lauren C.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Mental Health

description: In response to the current movement towards medicalization of grief and the DSM’s call for research on the proposed diagnosis Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD), this study examined to what extent people perceive PCBD criteria as in fact pathological. The study also measured the association between perceptions of grief and continuing bonds, and the influence of several cultural factors on these perceptions. To access underlying cultural influences, 385 undergraduate students responded to grief and continuing bonds questionnaires as “an ideally emotionally and psychologically healthy person of your own gender in your culture” would respond 12 months after the death of a loved one. Contrary to the DSM’s conceptualization of PCBD’s criteria as pathological, results suggested students perceive PCBD criteria and continuing bonds as normal and in fact healthy and highlighted a variety of factors that influence grief and continuing bonds perceptions. Findings of this study provide insight into the potential impacts of medicalizing grief as a disorder.
Extended Representations of Observables and States for a Noncontextual Reinterpretation of QM
Creators: name: Garola, Claudio
name: Sozzo, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A crucial and problematical feature of quantum mechanics (QM) is nonobjectivity of properties. The ESR model restores objectivity reinterpreting quantum probabilities as conditional on detection and embodying the mathematical formalism of QM into a broader noncontextual (hence local) framework. We propose here an improved presentation of the ESR model containing a more complete mathematical representation of the basic entities of the model. We also extend the model to mixtures showing that the mathematical representations of proper mixtures does not coincide with the mathematical representation of mixtures provided by QM, while the representation of improper mixtures does. This feature of the ESR model entails that some interpretative problems raising in QM when dealing with mixtures are avoided. From an empirical point of view the predictions of the ESR model depend on some parameters which may be such that they are very close to the predictions of QM in most cases. But the nonstandard representation of proper mixtures allows us to propose the scheme of an experiment that could check whether the predictions of QM or the predictions of the ESR model are correct.
description: 17 pages, standard latex. Extensively revised version
A Class of Second Order Difference Approximation for Solving Space Fractional Diffusion Equations
Creators: name: Tian, WenYi
name: Zhou, Han
name: Deng, Weihua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 65L12, 65L20

description: A class of second order approximations, called the weighted and shifted Grünwald difference operators, are proposed for Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives, with their effective applications to numerically solving space fractional diffusion equations in one and two dimensions. The stability and convergence of our difference schemes for space fractional diffusion equations with constant coefficients in one and two dimensions are theoretically established. Several numerical examples are implemented to testify the efficiency of the numerical schemes and confirm the convergence order, and the numerical results for variable coefficients problem are also presented.
description: 24 Pages
Implications of Higgs Searches on the Four Generation Standard Model
Creators: name: Kuflik, Eric
name: Nir, Yosef
name: Volansky, Tomer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the four generation Standard Model, the Higgs couplings to gluons and to photons deviate in a significant way from the predictions of the three generation Standard Model. As a consequence, large departures in several Higgs production and decay channels are expected. Recent Higgs search results, presented by ATLAS, CMS and CDF, hint on the existence of a Higgs boson with a mass around 125 GeV. Using these results and assuming such a Higgs boson, we derive exclusion limits on the four generation Standard Model. For m_H = 125 GeV, the model is excluded at 99.9% confidence level. For 124 GeV <= m_H <= 127 GeV, an exclusion limit above 95% confidence level is found.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; v2: updated LHC results, refined scan
First record of Indian Black Turtle Kanger Valley National Park, India
Creators: name: Tandan, H N
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified

description: We recorded M. trijuga from the Kanger Valley National Park, Bastar Chhattisgarh in the mixed forest of Sal Shorea robusta and Teak Tectona grandis.
Family quality of life in the context of aging and intellectual disability
Creators: name: Jokinen, Nancy Sandra Marie
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 293-318
description: Families are an important source of support for persons with an intellectual disability who, as a group, are experiencing increased longevity due to better health and social care as are their family caregivers. Little Canadian research exists, however, to guide policy and service provision for these families. Nonetheless, a shift in social policy and service delivery as well as demographic changes has elevated the importance of family caregiving in many countries. The purpose of this study was to explore family quality of life from the perspective of older-aged parents, siblings, and adults with an intellectual disability. The study took a mixed methods approach with a qualitative theoretical orientation to maximize data collection in a relatively new field of study. All participants were involved in an interview or focus group, and parents and siblings were also asked to complete a survey questionnaire. Participants reflected on family life in retrospect, made comments on the present, and gave a preview of the future from their perspective. The study is rich in detail and illustrates important aspects of family quality of life as perceived by participants. Family quality of life was described in terms of relationships and in reference to events that were perceived to have had an impact on those relationships. Issues raised encompass variability in family relations and experiences; the enduring nature of these relationships; the blend of positive perceptions alongside family challenges; and factors that seem to influence relations between families and services. The interactive nature of the family, individual and social environment comes through in the perceptions held by participants and in what seems to maintain, enhance or challenge family quality of life. The positive attributes revealed in the study contribute to the information and question base families and service providers should now about as they work towards maintaining and enhancing quality of life. This may help support both the adult with the intellectual disability as well as other aging family members. The study's methodology has advantages and limitations that are discussed yet offers direction for further study. Recommendations for future research and policy and practice are made based on findings.
Abundant p-singular elements in finite classical groups
Creators: name: Niemeyer, Alice C.
name: Popiel, Tomasz
name: Praeger, Cheryl E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In 1995, Isaacs, Kantor and Spaltenstein proved that for a finite simple classical group G defined over a field with q elements, and for a prime divisor p of |G| distinct from the characteristic, the proportion of p-singular elements in G (elements with order divisible by p) is at least a constant multiple of (1 - 1/p)/e, where e is the order of q modulo p. Motivated by algorithmic applications, we define a subfamily of p-singular elements, called p-abundant elements, which leave invariant certain "large" subspaces of the natural G-module. We find explicit upper and lower bounds for the proportion of p-abundant elements in G, and prove that it approaches a (positive) limiting value as the dimension of G tends to infinity. It turns out that the limiting proportion of p-abundant elements is at least a constant multiple of the Isaacs-Kantor-Spaltenstein lower bound for the proportion of all p-singular elements.
Non-local state-swapping of polar molecules in bilayers
Creators: name: Pikovski, A.
name: Klawunn, M.
name: Recati, A.
name: Santos, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of significant dipolar effects in gases of ultra-cold polar molecules typically demands a strong external electric field to polarize the molecules. We show that even in the absence of a significant polarization, dipolar effects may play a crucial role in the physics of polar molecules in bilayers, provided that the molecules in each layer are initially prepared in a different rotational state. Then, inter-layer dipolar interactions result in a non-local swap of the rotational state between molecules in different layers, even for weak applied electric fields. The inter-layer scattering due to the dipole-dipole interaction leads to a non-trivial dependence of the swapping rate on density, temperature, inter-layer spacing, and population imbalance. For reactive molecules like KRb, chemical recombination immediately follows a non-local swap and dominates the losses even for temperatures well above quantum degeneracy, and could be hence observed under current experimental conditions.
Comment on "Length-dependent translation of messenger RNA by ribosomes"
Creators: name: Zhang, Yunxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In the recent paper of Valleriani {\it et al} [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 83}, 042903 (2011)], a simple model for describing the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) by ribosomes is presented, and an expression of the translational ratio $r$, defined as the ratio of translation rate $ω_{\rm tl}$ of protein from mRNA to degradation rate $ω_p$ of protein, is obtained. The key point to get this ratio $r$ is to get the translation rate $ω_{\rm tl}$. In the study of Valleriani {\it et al}, $ω_{\rm tl}$ is assumed to be the mean value of measured translation rate, i.e. the mean value of ratio of the translation number of protein to the lifetime of mRNA. However, in experiments different methods might be used to get $ω_{\rm tl}$. Therefore, for the sake of future application of their model to more experimental data analysis, in this comment three methods to get the translation rate $ω_{\rm tl}$, and consequently the translational ratio $r$, are provided. Based on one of the methods which might be employed in most of the experiments, we find that the translational ratio $r$ decays exponentially with the length of mRNA in prokaryotic cells, and decays reciprocally with the length of mRNA in eukaryotic cells. This result is slight different from that obtained in Valleriani's study.
Robots for Harvesting Fruit and Vegetables
Creators: name: M. A. Baballe
name: A. Garba
name: H. G. Rabo
name: A.A. Umar
name: N. Bayero
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Selective harvesting, labor cost reduction, optimal harvest scheduling, and increased operational efficiency can all be achieved with robotic harvesting. Robotic harvester users can optimize production efficiency and revenues using these features. For fifty years, there has been a notion to harvest fruits and vegetables using machinery. Many prototypes have been created by researchers working together throughout the globe.
The first outburst of the black hole candidate MAXI J1836-194 observed by INTEGRAL, Swift, and RXTE
Creators: name: Ferrigno, Carlo
name: Bozzo, Enrico
name: Del Santo, Melania
name: Capitanio, Fiamma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MAXI J1836-194 is a transient black-hole candidate discovered in outburst by MAXI on 30 August 2011. We report on the available INTEGRAL, Swift, and RXTE observations performed in the direction of the source during this event before 55 864 MJD. Combining the broad band (0.6-200 keV) spectral and timing information obtained from these data with the results of radio observations, we show that the event displayed by MAXI J1836-194 is another example of "failed" outburst. During the first ~20 days after the onset of the event, the source underwent a transition from the canonical low/hard to the hard intermediate state, while reaching the highest X-ray flux. In the ~40 days following the peak of the outburst, the source displayed a progressive spectral hardening and a decrease of the X-ray flux, thus it entered again the low/hard state and began its return to quiescence.
description: Accepted for A&A Letters on 22 Dec. 2011
Colorado water, April 2001
Creators: name: Flanagan, Marian
name: Hall, Emile
name: Shrier, Cat
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
Observation of the Baryonic Flavor-Changing Neutral Current Decay Lambda_b -> Lambda mu+ mu-
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
name: Aaltonen, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of the baryonic flavor-changing neutral current decay Lambda_b -> Lambda mu+ mu- with 24 signal events and a statistical significance of 5.8 Gaussian standard deviations. This measurement uses ppbar collisions data sample corresponding to 6.8fb-1 at sqrt{s}=1.96TeV collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. The total and differential branching ratios for Lambda_b -> Lambda mu+ mu- are measured. We find B(Lambda_b -> Lambda mu+ mu-) = [1.73+-0.42(stat)+-0.55(syst)] x 10^{-6}. We also report the first measurement of the differential branching ratio of B_s -> phi mu+ mu- using 49 signal events. In addition, we report branching ratios for B+ -> K+ mu+ mu-, B0 -> K0 mu+ mu-, and B -> K*(892) mu+ mu- decays.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Automatic segmentation of pelvic organs-at-risk using a fusion network model based on limited training samples
Creators: name: Ju, Zhongjian
name: Wu, Qingnan
name: Yang, Wei
name: Gu, Shanshan
name: Guo, Wen
name: Wang, Jinyuan
name: Ge, Ruigang
name: Quan, Hong
name: Liu, Jie
name: Qu, Baolin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Background: Efficient and accurate methods are needed to automatically segmenting organs-at-risk (OAR) to accelerate the radiotherapy workflow and decrease the treatment wait time. We developed and evaluated the use of a fused model Dense V-Network for its ability to accurately segment pelvic OAR. Material and methods: We combined two network models, Dense Net and V-Net, to establish the Dense V-Network algorithm. For the training model, we adopted 100 kV computed tomography (CT) images of patients with cervical cancer, including 80 randomly selected as training sets, by which to adjust parameters of the automatic segmentation model, and the remaining 20 as test sets to evaluate the performance of the convolutional neural network model. Three representative parameters were used to evaluate the segmentation results quantitatively. Results: Clinical results revealed that Dice similarity coefficient values of the bladder, small intestine, rectum, femoral head and spinal cord were all above 0.87 mm; and Jaccard distance was within 2.3 mm. Except for the small intestine, the Hausdorff distance of other organs was less than 9.0 mm. Comparison of our approaches with those of the Atlas and other studies demonstrated that the Dense V-Network had more accurate and efficient performance and faster speed. Conclusions: The Dense V-Network algorithm can be used to automatically segment pelvic OARs accurately and efficiently, while shortening patients’ waiting time and accelerating radiotherapy workflow.
Statistical Anisotropy from Anisotropic Inflation
Creators: name: Soda, Jiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review an inflationary scenario with the anisotropic expansion rate. An anisotropic inflationary universe can be realized by a vector field coupled with an inflaton, which can be regarded as a counter example to the cosmic no-hair conjecture. We show generality of anisotropic inflation and derive a universal property. We formulate cosmological perturbation theory in anisotropic inflation. Using the formalism, we show anisotropic inflation gives rise to the statistical anisotropy in primordial fluctuations. We also explain a method to test anisotropic inflation using the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB).
description: 32 pages, 5 figures, invited review for CQG, published version
An Optimal Controller Architecture for Poset-Causal Systems
Creators: name: Shah, Parikshit
name: Parrilo, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a novel and natural architecture for decentralized control that is applicable whenever the underlying system has the structure of a partially ordered set (poset). This controller architecture is based on the concept of Moebius inversion for posets, and enjoys simple and appealing separation properties, since the closed-loop dynamics can be analyzed in terms of decoupled subsystems. The controller structure provides rich and interesting connections between concepts from order theory such as Moebius inversion and control-theoretic concepts such as state prediction, correction, and separability. In addition, using our earlier results on H_2-optimal decentralized control for arbitrary posets, we prove that the H_2-optimal controller in fact possesses the proposed structure, thereby establishing the optimality of the new controller architecture.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
The Human Microbiome: Implications for Health and Disease
Creators: name: Missaghi, Bayan
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiome
subject: Clostridium difficile
subject: inflammatory bowel disease
subject: ulcerative colitis
subject: colectomy
subject: Antimicrobials
subject: Education--Health
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Nutrition

description: The human microbiome is the collective genome of native microbial flora that have evolved with us over millennia and which are typically consistent, despite geographic, ethnic and dietary differences around the globe. Studies have revealed that agitation to the normal development of the microbiome during the first year of life, such as with antimicrobial use, can lead to atrophy later on, resulting in the development of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, dysbioses, such as those seen with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), have an accelerated deleterious effect on patients who have already developed inflammatory bowel disease, potentially resulting in life-threatening complications, including ileus, toxic megacolon, and death. We composed a review article which presents an outline of the loss of a normal microbiome as an etiology of immune dysregulation and IBD pathogenesis initiation. Moreover, we summarized the knowledge base with respect to the role of a healthy microbiome in terms of its diversity and important functional elements, and synopsized some of the therapeutic interventions and modalities that are being explored as potential applications of microbiome-host interactions. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis in order to clarify the risk of colectomy among the subset of IBD patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) subsequent to their development of CDI. We determined that UC patients with CDI are indeed at an increased risk of colectomy relative to their counterparts without CDI, but that future better quality prospective studies, ideally with a population-based approach and with long term follow-up of outcomes, would be helpful to better evaluate this potential relationship under different circumstances.
Colorado water, May/June 2016
Creators: name: Mokry, Melissa
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to highlighting water research and activities at CSU and throughout Colorado.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Theme: Student research 2016.
Enhanced anti-hepatoma effect of a novel curcumin analog C086 via solid dispersion technology
Creators: name: Deng, Yanping
name: Chen, Chun
name: Xiao, Zhifeng
name: Huang, Xiuwang
name: Xu, Jianhua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Virology

description: The novel curcumin analog C086, previously identified as an oral novel heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, was found to exhibit anti-hepatoma activity in vitro and in vivo. However, owing to its limited aqueous solubility, the usage of C086 in the clinical application was restricted. This research focused on the increase of the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of C086 via a solid dispersion preparation to improve its accumulation in the liver, which accordingly enhanced anti-hepatoma activity. C086-solid dispersion (C086-SD) was successfully prepared by using solvent evaporation technology. As compared with bulk compound, aqueous solubility obtained with the optimal formulation (C086/PVP k30:1/6 (w/w)) was increased by 1.741 million-fold, and in the following oral administration experiment, bioavailability was found to be improved by an approximately 28-fold relative to C086-Suspension and accumulate preferably in the liver. Accordingly, C086-SD exhibited stronger potent anti-proliferative effects against liver cancer cell line (i.e. HepG2) than pure C086. Moreover, C086-SD was found to have an enhanced anti-hepatoma effect using the orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft in BALB/C nude mice. The results above suggested the potential application of C086-SD in the treatment of liver cancer.
Research Data Management in Life Sciences: FAIRify your data - data documentation and metadata
Creators: name: D'Anna, Flora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: data documentation
metadata

description: Slides for the "FAIRify your data: data documentation and metadata” session of the "Research Data Management for Life Sciences" workshop organised on 9 and 10 November 2020 by Ghent University, ELIXIR Belgium and VIB in collaboration with Interreg Vlaanderen-Nederland.
description: {"references": ["D'Anna Flora (2020, December). Research Data Management in Life Sciences: FAIRify your data: data documentation and metadata"]}
Automated Consulting for Extending User Expertise in Interactive Environments: A Task Centered Approach
Creators: name: Wolz, Ursula
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: Interactive computing environments provide facilities to support and assist the range from novice to expert users, but casual and novice users tend to rely on a small starter set of commands. This proposal for thesis work addresses this problem through the implementation of GENIE (GENerated Informative Explanations), a system that answers users' questions about how to accomplish tasks in the domain of Berkeley Unix Mail. This work unifies three new perspectives on consulting. First, the decision on what to tell a user, including the "best" plan for the user's goal, is based on an evaluation of the user's current computational goal, and the goals the user has attempted in the past. Secondly, the decision on how to phrase the answer relies on a careful mixture of tutoring strategies. Finally, both an expert and user model are represented as declarative structures of goals with alternative plans that include explicit semantic relationships between plans.
Antioxidative protection of haemoglobin microparticles (HbMPs) by PolyDopamine
Creators: name: Baidukova, Olga
name: Wang, Quan
name: Chaiwaree, Saranya
name: Freyer, Dorette
name: Prapan, Ausanai
name: Georgieva, Radostina
name: Zhao, Lian
name: Bäumler, Hans
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology

description: Clinically applicable haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) should neither induce immunological nor toxic reactions. Additionally, Hb should be protected against oxidation. In the absence of protective enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) Hb is oxidized to MetHb and thus losing its function of oxygen delivery. Alternatively, polydopamine (PD), a scavenger of free radicals, could be used for Hb protection against oxidation Therefore, we synthetized HbMPs modified with PD. The content of functional haemoglobin in these PD-HbMPs was twice higher than that in the control HbMPs due to the protective antioxidant effect of PD. In addition, the PD-HbMPs exhibited a high scavenging activity of free radicals including H2O2 and excellent biocompatibility. In contrast to monomeric dopamine, which has been shown to produce toxic effects on neurons due to formation of H2O2, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide during the process of auto-oxidation, PD-HbMPs are not neurotoxic. Consequently, the results presented here suggest a great potential of PD-HbMPs as HBOCs.
Holographic three-point functions for short operators
Creators: name: Minahan, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider holographic three-point functions for operators dual to short string states at strong coupling in N=4 super Yang-Mills. We treat the states as point-like as they come in from the boundary but as strings in the interaction region in the bulk. The interaction position is determined by saddle point, which is equivalent to conservation of the canonical momentum for the interacting particles, and leads to conservation of their conformal charges. We further show that for large dimensions the rms size of the interaction region is small compared to the radius of curvature of the AdS space, but still large compared to the string Compton wave-length. Hence, one can approximate the string vertex operators as flat-space vertex operators with a definite momentum, which depends on the conformal and R-charges of the operator. We then argue that the string vertex operator dual to a primary operator is chosen by satisfying a twisted version of Q^L=Q^R, up to spurious terms. This leads to a unique choice for a scalar vertex operator with the appropriate charges at the first massive level. We then comment on some features of the corresponding three-point functions, including the application of these results to Konishi operators.
description: 24 pages; v2: References added, typos fixed, minor changes