cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous bubble nucleation limit of mercury under the normal working conditions of the planned European Spallation Source
Creators: name: Imre, Attila Rikard
name: Abyzov, Alexander S.
name: Barna, Imre Ferenc
name: Schmelzer, Jürn W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spallation neutron sources, liquid mercury is the subject of big thermal and pressure shocks, upon adsorbing the proton beam. These changes can cause unstable bubbles in the liquid, which can damage the structural material. While there are methods to deal with the pressure shock, the local temperature shock cannot be avoided. In our paper we calculated the work of the critical cluster formation (i.e. for mercury micro-bubbles) together with the rate of their formation (nucleation rate). It is shown that the homogeneous nucleation rates are very low even after adsorbing several proton pulses, therefore the probability of temperature induced homogeneous bubble nucleation is negligible.
description: 22 Pages, 11 figures, one of them is colour, we plan to publish it in Eur. Phys. J. B
Load direction-dependent influence of forming-induced initial damage on the fatigue performance of 16MnCrS5 steel
Creators: name: Möhring, Kerstin
name: Walther, Frank
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fatigue performance
subject: Anisotropy
subject: Uniaxial load aths
subject: Pre-deformation
subject: Cold forward rod extrusion
subject: Initial ductile damage
subject: Case hardening steel 16MnCrS5
subject: Under eutectoid ferrite–pearlite
subject: 660
subject: Materialermüdung
subject: Anisotropie
subject: Strangpressen
subject: Einsatzhärten

description: Forming processes influence the mechanical properties of manufactured workpieces in general and by means of forming-induced initial damage in particular. The effect of the latter on performance capability is the underlying research aspect for the investigations conducted. In order to address this aspect, fatigue tests under compressive, tensile and compressive-tensile loads were set-up with discrete block-by-block increased amplitudes and constant amplitudes, and performed up to fracture or distinct lifetimes. Aiming at the correlation of the macroscale mechanical testing results at the mesoscale, intensive metallographic investigations of cross-sections using the microscopical methods of secondary electron analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction were performed. Thereby, the correlation of forming-induced initial damage and fatigue performance was determined, the relevance of compressive loads for the cyclic damage evolution was shown, and material anisotropy under compressive loads was indicated. Finally, the need was addressed to perform further investigations regarding crack propagations and crack arrest investigations in order to clarify the mechanism by which initial damage affects cyclic damage evolution. The relevance of the principal stress axis relative to the extrusion direction was emphasized and used as the basis of an argument for investigations under load paths with different stress directions.
description: Materials;Vol .13. 2020, 12, 2680-1 -2680-19
A Drosophila model to study the redox regulation of FOXO in vivo
Creators: name: Van Leeuwen, Lucia Antonia Geraldine
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) is a key evolutionarily-conserved pathway associated with growth, metabolism and ageing from flies to humans. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are the principal downstream effectors of the IIS pathway. FOXO is implicated in the regulation of many biological processes, such as energy metabolism, oxidative stress resistance and healthy ageing. FOXO proteins are known to be strongly post-translationally modified, however the contribution of redox regulation to the modulation of FOXO function is still underappreciated. Using Drosophila as a powerful in vivo model system, my goal is to dissect the redox regulation of the single fly orthologue, dFOXO, in the context of metabolic health, stress responses and survival. Redox signalling operates through reversible changes to cysteine residues on target proteins. Using differential labelling of cysteine residues, I have developed a mobility shift approach to assess the redox state dFOXO, and confirmed the presence of solvent-exposed cysteines implicated in redox signalling. I have optimised the redox proteomic analysis of dFOXO to uncover the redox state of all its nine cysteine residues. To gain mechanistic insight into FOXO redox regulation in vivo, I have generated a series of novel transgenic knock-in fly lines. These dFOXO redox-mutants each contain a single cysteine residue in an otherwise cysteine-less background. The methods developed and optimised in this study are applied to explore the redox regulation of dFOXO at the level of the cysteine residue, the protein and the whole fly. Studying the redox control of dFOXO in vivo will be important to understand how its key role in the regulation of metabolism, stress resistance and healthy lifespan is orchestrated.
Additional file 1 of Validation and reliability of the Dutch version of the EORTC QLQ-NMIBC24 Questionnaire Module for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Creators: name: Ripping, Theodora M.
name: Westhoff, Ellen
name: Aaronson, Neil K.
name: Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
name: Rammant, Elke
name: Witjes, J. Alfred
name: Kiemeney, Lambertus. A.
name: Aben, Katja K. H.
name: Vrieling, Alina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Four questions added to the T12mo + 2wk QLQ-NMIBC24 questionnaire to assess whether symptoms – in terms of urinary, bowel, sexual and total function – had decreased, remained the same or increased compared to the T12mo questionnaire.
Size quantization of charge carriers in lead salt cylindrical quantum wires
Creators: name: Goupalov, Serguei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A formalism for determining energy eigenstates of cylindrical lead salt quantum wires in the multiple-band envelope-function approximation is developed. Electron energy dispersion for quantum wire subbands within the conduction and valence bands is found.
On projective representations for compact quantum groups
Creators: name: De Commer, Kenny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37, 81R50, 16T15

description: We study actions of compact quantum groups on type I factors, which may be interpreted as projective representations of compact quantum groups. We generalize to this setting some of Woronowicz' results concerning Peter-Weyl theory for compact quantum groups. The main new phenomenon is that for general compact quantum groups (more precisely, those which are not of Kac type), not all irreducible projective representations have to be finite-dimensional. As applications, we consider the theory of projective representations for the compact quantum groups associated to group von Neumann algebras of discrete groups, and consider a certain non-trivial projective representation for quantum SU(2).
description: 43 pages
Relaxation analysis in a data driven problem with a single outlier
Creators: name: Röger, Matthias
name: Schweizer, Ben
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2020

description: We study a scalar elliptic problem in the data driven context. Our interest is to study the relaxation of a data set that consists of the union of a linear relation and single outlier. The data driven relaxation is given by the union of the linear relation and a truncated cone that connects the outlier with the linear subspace.
description: Calc. Var.;59
Understanding and mitigating universal adversarial perturbations for computer vision neural networks
Creators: name: Co, Kenneth Tan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the algorithm of choice for many computer vision applications. They are able to achieve human level performance in many computer vision tasks, and enable the automation and large-scale deployment of applications such as object tracking, autonomous vehicles, and medical imaging. However, DNNs expose software applications to systemic vulnerabilities in the form of Universal Adversarial Perturbations (UAPs): input perturbation attacks that can cause DNNs to make classification errors on large sets of inputs. Our aim is to improve the robustness of computer vision DNNs to UAPs without sacrificing the models' predictive performance. To this end, we increase our understanding of these vulnerabilities by investigating the visual structures and patterns commonly appearing in UAPs. We demonstrate the efficacy and pervasiveness of UAPs by showing how Procedural Noise patterns can be used to generate efficient zero-knowledge attacks for different computer vision models and tasks at minimal cost to the attacker. We then evaluate the UAP robustness of various shape and texture-biased models, and found that applying them in ensembles provides marginal improvement to robustness. To mitigate UAP attacks, we develop two novel approaches. First, we propose the Jacobian of DNNs to measure the sensitivity of computer vision DNNs. We derive theoretical bounds and provide empirical evidence that shows how a combination of Jacobian regularisation and ensemble methods allow for increased model robustness against UAPs without degrading the predictive performance of computer vision DNNs. Our results evince a robustness-accuracy trade-off against UAPs that is better than those of models trained in conventional ways. Finally, we design a detection method that analyses the hidden layer activation values to identify a variety of UAP attacks in real-time with low-latency. We show that our work outperforms existing defences under realistic time and computation constraints.
Optimal psychotherapy process for pathological narcissism : an exploration of clinicians' perspectives
Creators: name: Kealy, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Pathological narcissism is a syndrome involving distorted self-image and identity dysregulation. Narcissistic pathology is associated with emotional and interpersonal difficulties, functional impairment, and mental disorder; such patients are seen frequently in mental health settings, and tend to be regarded by clinicians as having complex treatment issues. Despite a vast conceptual literature on pathological narcissism, empirical research regarding treatment is extremely limited. This study was designed to explore clinicians’ perspectives regarding optimal psychotherapy process in the treatment of pathological narcissism. A Q-methodological approach was used to obtain detailed accounts of therapists’ opinions in a manner that would allow for systematic examination. Participants were 34 psychotherapists of various disciplines who responded to email and listserv postings of the recruitment notice. Participants reviewed three clinical vignettes portraying hypothetical patients suffering from grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism, and panic disorder without pathological narcissism. Participants then used the Psychotherapy Process Q-set (PQS), a 100-item Q-sort instrument, to indicate their views regarding optimal therapy process for each hypothetical case. Analysis of therapists’ mean PQS responses using ANOVA found several differences in prospective interventions, according to the different psychopathologies featured in the vignettes. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was conducted on all 102 Q-sorts and revealed four factors. Detailed descriptions of these ideal therapy processes were interpreted. The factors were also analyzed regarding their relationship to established therapy models. The first factor was endorsed across all three patient types, and represented an introspective, relationally-oriented therapy process. This factor was strongly correlated with established psychodynamic treatments. The second factor, most frequently endorsed for the panic disorder vignette, consisted of a cognitive and alliance-building approach that correlated strongly with expert-rated cognitive-behavioural therapy. The third and fourth factors involved therapy processes focused on the challenging interpersonal behaviours associated with narcissistic vulnerability and grandiosity, respectively, and were endorsed for vignettes presenting these narcissistic subtypes. These factors had fewer and smaller correlations with established treatments. The findings are discussed with respect to implications for the study and treatment of pathological narcissism.
Methods for improving the robustness of optimised multiscale structures
Creators: name: Thillaithevan, Dilaksan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This thesis presents methodologies for improving the real-world robustness of optimised multiscale structures, progressing their advancement towards industrial applications. At its core, a two-scale optimisation framework is utilised to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed models. At the microscale, a parameterised unit microstructure composed of three axis-aligned trusses is utilised. The radius of each truss can be freely modified to derive a wide range of microstructure configurations, and by extension material properties. Utilising numerical homogenisation, these material properties are efficiently represented within a macroscale optimisation domain. Response surface models are successfully constructed to link the microscale design variables (i.e. truss radii) and the resulting microstructure material properties (homogenised stiffness, volume fraction and stress). Given a design objective and constraint(s) the optimiser manipulates the radius of every microstructure truss in the domain to tailor the local material properties to reach an optimal design with respect to the objective. To ensure optimised multiscale structures can be reliably utilised in industrial applications it is important to understand and consider their robustness. In particular, this work focuses on preventing structural failure and incorporating geometric uncertainties introduced during the additive manufacture of optimised multiscale structures. To prevent failure, stress constraints are introduced within the optimisation framework. Microscale stresses are parameterised by six unit strains, enabling accurate microscale stress recovery for any macroscale strain enabling reliable microstructure stress predictions without the need for prohibitively expensive single-scale finite element simulations and enabling its use within a multiscale optimisation framework. To introduce manufacturing uncertainty, two geometric uncertainty models are presented. One which linearly erodes and dilates trusses and another which introduces design-dependent non-linear defects. The models are integrated within a robust optimisation framework to design structures whose standard deviation of compliance is up to 95% lower compared to equivalent standard deterministic designs, making them more tolerant of manufacturing imperfections and giving confidence in their real-world performance.
Generating non-axisymmetric substructure in ringed protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Cummins, Daniel Patrick
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Recent observations of protoplanetary discs have unveiled their wealth of substructure, the origins and implications of which are yet to be fully understood. Of particular interest is whether they promote planet formation, whether they indicate that planet formation is already underway, and what role they play in setting the architecture of planetary systems. In this thesis I present my investigations into physical processes that can give rise to large-scale, non-axisymmetric substructure. I discuss our current understanding of substructure in protoplanetary discs, and provide an overview of the key processes involved in planet formation. I present the theoretical basis for vortex generation by an accreting planetary embryo. Through hydrodynamics simulations, I show that in massive, axisymmetric dust traps, the growth of a planetary core via pebble accretion produces strong thermal feedback on the disc, making it unstable to vortex formation. I demonstrate how this can further enhance the accretion rate onto the planetary core as well as produce observable non-axisymmetric substructure. I investigate how this process varies with the mass of dust in the ring as well as the local background gas temperature, and show that the thermal feedback always acts to increase the planet’s mass. I establish that the required dust masses lie towards the extreme end of those inferred from observations, otherwise the background temperature must be sufficiently low to emphasize the thermal feedback from the embryo’s accretion luminosity. I also investigate how warped and twisted regions of protoplanetary discs cast shadows across the disc, and how this manifests in observations, giving the appearance of non-axisymmetric substructure. I show that this can be used to constrain the geometry of discs in which there is evidence for strong misalignments between their inner and outer regions.
Anaerobic reactors: specific methanogenic activity and potential for bioregeneration of recalcitrant compounds in powdered activated carbon
Creators: name: Contreras Araneda, Patricia Alejandra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This work is focused on anaerobic reactors. The process is a complex syntrophic interaction between many different microorganisms to degrade organic compounds and obtain methane as final product; To determine the “health” of the reactor a Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) test is performed. Unfortunately, there is no standard for this test. Pharmaceutical Active Compounds have been appearing in effluents of wastewater treatment plants, becoming post-treatment with Activated Carbon a major area of interest, but becomes saturated and needs to be replaced; bioregeneration could be an economically feasible option to solve this issue. The aim of this work was to find the best SMA conditions to evaluate digester health and to study bioregeneration of PAC under anaerobic conditions. When testing SMA this work had better results using glucose as main carbon source rather than acetate, opposite from literature predictions. It also was found that no centrifugation was needed, indicated that possible some important cofactor was excreted by some microorganism. FISH showed a predominance of Methanosaeta in one inoculum. No results on PAC bioregeneration where found, but when less than 50 mgL-1 of diclofenac was used an increase of methane production was detected, since diclofenac was not degraded it could imply that supplies energy to methanogens.
Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Shelby County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Greb, Stephen F.
name: Davidson, Bart
name: Carey, Daniel I.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2005

description: Abstract:
This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.
Self-organization in two-dimensional swarms
Creators: name: Touma, Jihad
name: Shreim, Amer
name: Klushin, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We undertake a systematic numerical exploration of self-organized states in a deterministic model of interacting self-propelled particles in two dimensions. In the process, we identify various types of collective motion, namely, disordered swarms, rings, and droplets. We construct a "phase diagram," which summarizes our results as it delineates phase transitions ?all discontinuous? between disordered swarms and vortical flocks on one hand and bound vortical flocks and expanding formations on the other. One of the transition lines is found to have a close analogy with the temperature-driven gas-liquid transition, in finite clusters with the same interparticle potential. Furthermore, we report on a type of flocking which takes place in the presence of a uniform external driver. Altogether, our results set a rather firm stage for experimental refinement and/or falsification of this class of models.
Canalization in the Critical States of Highly Connected Networks of Competing Boolean Nodes
Creators: name: Reichl, Matthew D.
name: Bassler, Kevin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Canalization is a classic concept in Developmental Biology that is thought to be an important feature of evolving systems. In a Boolean network it is a form of network robustness in which a subset of the input signals control the behavior of a node regardless of the remaining input. It has been shown that Boolean networks can become canalized if they evolve through a frustrated competition between nodes. This was demonstrated for large networks in which each node had K=3 inputs. Those networks evolve to a critical steady-state at the boarder of two phases of dynamical behavior. Moreover, the evolution of these networks was shown to be associated with the symmetry of the evolutionary dynamics. We extend these results to the more highly connected K>3 cases and show that similar canalized critical steady states emerge with the same associated dynamical symmetry, but only if the evolutionary dynamics is biased toward homogeneous Boolean functions.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Outburst activity in comets: II. A multi-band photometric monitoring of comet 29p/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1
Creators: name: Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M.
name: García-Hernández, D. Aníbal
name: Sánchez, Albert
name: Lacruz, Juan
name: Davidsson, Björn J. R.
name: Rodríguez, Diego
name: Pastor, Sensi
name: Reyes, José A. de los
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a continuous multi-band photometric monitoring of the nuclear activity of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 from 2008 to 2010. Our main aim has been to study the outburst mechanism on the basis of a follow-up of the photometric variations associated with the release of dust. We used a standardized method to obtain the 10 arc-sec nucleus photometry in the V, R, and I filters of the Johnson-Kron-Cousins system, being accurately calibrated with standard Landolt stars. Production of dust in the R and I bands during the 2010 Feb. 3 outburst has been also computed. We conclude that the massive ejection of large (optically-thin) particles from the surface at the time of the outburst is the triggering mechanism to produce the outburst. Ulterior sublimation of these ice-rich dust particles during the following days induces fragmentation, generating micrometer-sized grains that increase the dust spatial density to produce the outburst in the optical range due to scattering of sun light. The material leaving the nucleus adopts a fan-like dust feature, formed by micrometer-sized particles that are decaying in brightness as it evolved outwards. By analyzing the photometric signal measured in a standardized 10-arcsec aperture using the Phase Dispersion Minimization technique we have found a clear periodicity of 50 days. Remarkably, this value is also consistent with an outburst frequency of 7.4 outbursts/year deduced from the number of outbursts noticed during the effective observing time.
description: 19 pages, 3 Tables, and 6 figures
“An interval of comfort”: postamputation pain & long-term consequences of amputation in British First World War veterans, 1914-1985
Creators: name: Dixon Smith, Sarah Louise
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The First World War resulted in the largest amputee cohort in history, with 41,208 amputees in the UK alone; the majority injured as young men and surviving into the late 20th century. Recent studies have estimated that significant residual limb pain affects up to 85% of military amputees: applying this figure to the First World War amputee cohort raises the possibility that up to 35,000 British veterans may have experienced chronic postamputation pain. Despite this and the fact that 13% of injuries in this conflict resulted in amputation, there has been little research into the long-term impact on veterans’ health and quality of life. Recently catalogued historical medical and pension files held at The National Archives offer the opportunity to follow up this type of injury in a large group of veterans for the first time. This thesis will use these files to document and explore long-term outcomes of amputation and chronic postamputation pain, developments made in the treatment of this condition, the impact of aging on amputee veterans and their likelihood of developing a concomitant condition from 1914 to 1985. It will examine these issues from three perspectives: that of the injured servicemen, the civil servants attempting to value and compensate those injuries, and from the clinicians’ responsible for the veterans’ medical care and rehabilitation. This research has been based on a unique model of interdisciplinary collaboration, incorporating research methods from history and clinical medicine, and will present its findings from historical material with recommendations for current practice. Given the similarities in injury patterns and prevalence of chronic residual limb, phantom and neuropathic pain between the First World War cohort and contemporary casualties, it is anticipated that the findings of the project will assist in the strategic assessment and planning for long-term pain conditions by medical staff and care providers for today’s and future blast injury amputee cohorts.
Theory and computation of the stability of shear flows over compliant boundaries
Creators: name: Chotai, Avni
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Thread annular injection is a minimally invasive technique that entails transporting medical implants into the body via a thread moving through a fluid. It is desirable for this flow to remain laminar so as to ensure that the flow remains predictable and the thread does not suffer any lateral deviations. It is thus of practical interest to determine the range of Reynolds numbers for which this flow is stable. This flow can be modelled by annular Poiseuille-Couette flow (APCF), which is the flow driven by an axial pressure gradient through the annular region between a stationary outer cylinder and a sliding inner cylinder. In this thesis, the linear stability properties of APCF to infinitesimal, axisymmetric disturbances are studied when the inner cylinder possesses a degree of flexibility. A cylindrical version of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation is derived with appropriate boundary conditions that encompass the compliance of the cylinder. This forms the foundation of our numerical studies at finite Reynolds numbers. It is found that there exist modes of instabilities that are not present in the case of a rigid inner cylinder. At large Reynolds numbers, an asymptotic approach is used to gain insights into the different physical balances that give rise to neutrally stable modes. Distinguished scalings are found, including those that have no counterpart for a rigid inner cylinder. These asymptotic results are compared to those from our numerical studies. The inviscid linear stability of this problem is also studied, and analogues to classical inviscid theorems for planar flow over rigid boundaries are provided. In the final chapter of this thesis, our stability analysis focuses on vortex-wave interaction for planar Couette flow when the lower wall is modelled as compliant. The nonlinear equations governing this interaction are solved numerically, and finite-amplitude solutions are found.
X-ray and optical properties of Broad Absorption Line Quasars in the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey
Creators: name: Stalin, C. S.
name: Srianand, R.
name: Petitjean, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the X-ray and optical properties of 16 Broad Absorption Line (BAL) quasars detected in about 3 degree square region common to the wide synoptic (W-1) component of the Canada-France-HawaiiTelescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) and the XMM Large Scale Structure survey (XMM-LSS). The BAL fraction is found to be 10% in full sample, 7% for the optical colour selected QSOs and as high as 33% if we consider QSOs selected from their IR colours. The X-ray detected non-BAL and BAL quasars have a mean observed X-ray-to-optical spectral slope of -1.47 +/- 0.13 and -1.66 +/- 0.17 respectively. We also find that the BAL QSOs have alpha_ox systematically smaller than what is expected from the relationship between optical luminosity and alpha_ox as derived from our sample. Based on this, we show, as already reported in the literature for quasars with high optical luminosities, our new sample of BAL QSOs have X-ray luminosity a factor of three smaller than what has been found for non-BAL QSOs with similar optical luminosities. Comparison of hardness ratio of the BAL and non-BAL QSOs suggests a possible soft X-ray weakness of BAL QSOs. Combining our sample, of relatively fainter QSOs, with others from the literature we show that larger balnicity index (BI) and maximum velocity (V_max) of the C IV absorption are correlated with steeper X-ray to optical spectral index. We argue that this is most likely a consequence of the existence of a lower envelope in the distribution of BI (or V_max) values versus optical luminosity. Our results thus show that the previously known X-ray weakness of BAL QSOs extends to lower optical luminosities as well.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Determination of inherent dissolution performance of drug substances
Creators: name: Sleziona, Dominik
name: Mattusch, Amelie
name: Schaldach, Gerhard
name: Ely, David R.
name: Sadowski, Gabriele
name: Thommes, Markus
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Drug release
subject: Flow channel
subject: Intrinsic dissolution
subject: Surface reaction
subject: Two-film theory
subject: 660

description: The dissolution behavior of novel active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is a crucial parameter in drug formulation since it frequently affects the drug release. Generally, a distinction is made between surface-reaction- and diffusion-controlled drug release. Therefore, dissolution studies such as the intrinsic dissolution test defined in the pharmacopeia have been performed for many years. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the common intrinsic dissolution test, a new experimental setup was developed within this study. Specifically, a flow channel was designed and tested for measuring the mass transfer from a flat, solid surface dissolving into a fluid flowing over the surface with well-defined flow conditions. A mathematical model was developed that distinguishes between surface-reaction- and diffusion-limited drug release based on experimental data. Three different drugs—benzocaine, theophylline and griseofulvin—were used to investigate the mass flux during dissolution due to surface reaction, diffusion and convection kinetics. This new technique shows potential to be a valuable tool for the identification of formulation strategies.
description: Pharmaceutics;13(2)
Teaching empowerment? Gender, sexuality education and the contested pedagogical relations of knowing and being known with(in) an HIV prevention programme in South Africa
Creators: name: Gacoin, Andrée Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This dissertation is an exploration of the im/possibilities of knowing and being known with(in) sexuality education. The project was provoked by how sexuality education is framed as a global strategy to prevent the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among youth. In particular, the study aimed to problematize how sexuality education is positioned as a site for youth empowerment in relation to gendered identities and relations. Through feminist and poststructural readings of ethnographic research (Britzman, 2000; Lather, 2007; St. Pierre & Pillow, 2000; Youdell, 2010), this dissertation engages the pedagogical encounters of sexuality education. The pedagogical encounter (doubled through the research encounter) is theorized as a contested site in which educators and learners engage in the messy and always ongoing work of making sense of their lives with(in) place (Ellsworth, 1997, 2005; Massey, 2005).These encounters take form in South Africa, even as the relations explored within them resist a global/local binary of international guidelines, national programmes or local implementation. Within the contours of these encounters, educators from loveLife, a South African non-governmental organization, meet-up with youth in particular moments. Drawing on three opening propositions related to sexuality education as an always political project, this dissertation foregrounds an analytic shift from who youth are and what is known to how understandings of identities and forms of knowledge become coherent within particular pedagogical moments. This shift draws attention to how pedagogical approaches such as loveLife’s are entangled in power-laden understandings of social identities and a perceived (linear) relation to knowledge. In doing so, it destabilizes the claim that youth can be empowered through sexuality education. Within the problematic imperative to “do” sexuality education differently, already present struggles over identities and forms of knowledge point to the necessity of re-articulating what is claimed in and through sexuality education. This dissertation suggests an articulation of sexuality education in which the vulnerability of knowing and being known might become a condition for responsibility to one another and a site for social transformation.
Additional file 1 of WS2–WC–WO3 nano-hollow spheres as an efficient and durable catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Creators: name: Van Nguyen, Tuan
name: Do, Ha Huu
name: Tekalgne, Mahider
name: Van Le, Quyet
name: Nguyen, Thang Phan
name: Hong, Sung Hyun
name: Cho, Jin Hyuk
name: Van Dao, Dung
name: Ahn, Sang Hyun
name: Kim, Soo Young
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. EDS map images of WS2-WC-WO3 NH spheres showing the spatial elemental distribution for W, S, O, C and N atoms. Figure S2. High-resolution (a) S 2p, (b) N 1s, and (c) O1s XPS profiles of the WS2 NFs. Figure S3. High-resolution (a) S 2p, (b) N 1s, (c) O1s, and (d) C1s XPS profiles of the WS2-WC-WO3 NH spheres. Figure S4. (a) CV curves and (b) TOF of the WS2 NFs. Figure S5. CV curves of the WS2-WC-WO3 NH composite at various scan rates (a) before and (b) after 1000 cycles and (c) TOF of the WS2-WC-WO3 NH composite. Table S1. Comparison of other electrocatalysts previously reported in HER.
Breaking stress of neutron star crust
Creators: name: Chugunov, A. I.
name: Horowitz, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breaking stress (the maximum of the stress-strain curve) of neutron star crust is important for neutron star physics including pulsar glitches, emission of gravitational waves from static mountains, and flares from star quakes. We perform many molecular dynamic simulations of the breaking stress at different coupling parameters (inverse temperatures) and strain rates. We describe our results with the Zhurkov model of strength. We apply this model to estimate the breaking stress for timescales ~1 s - 1 year, which are most important for applications, but much longer than can be directly simulated. At these timescales the breaking stress depends strongly on the temperature. For coupling parameter <200, matter breaks at very small stress, if it is applied for a few years. This viscoelastic creep can limit the lifetime of mountains on neutron stars. We also suggest an alternative model of timescale-independent breaking stress, which can be used to estimate an upper limit on the breaking stress.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Silvaco ATLAS model of ESA's Gaia satellite e2v CCD91-72 pixels
Creators: name: Seabroke, G. M.
name: Holland, A. D.
name: Burt, D.
name: Robbins, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaia satellite is a high-precision astrometry, photometry and spectroscopic ESA cornerstone mission, currently scheduled for launch in 2012. Its primary science drivers are the composition, formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Gaia will achieve its unprecedented accuracy requirements with detailed calibration and correction for CCD radiation damage and CCD geometric distortion. In this paper, the third of the series, we present our 3D Silvaco ATLAS model of the Gaia e2v CCD91-72 pixel. We publish e2v's design model predictions for the capacities of one of Gaia's pixel features, the supplementary buried channel (SBC), for the first time. Kohley et al. (2009) measured the SBC capacities of a Gaia CCD to be an order of magnitude smaller than e2v's design. We have found the SBC doping widths that yield these measured SBC capacities. The widths are systematically 2 μm offset to the nominal widths. These offsets appear to be uncalibrated systematic offsets in e2v photolithography, which could either be due to systematic stitch alignment offsets or lateral ABD shield doping diffusion. The range of SBC capacities were used to derive the worst-case random stitch error between two pixel features within a stitch block to be \pm 0.25 μm, which cannot explain the systematic offsets. It is beyond the scope of our pixel model to provide the manufacturing reason for the range of SBC capacities, so it does not allow us to predict how representative the tested CCD is. This open question has implications for Gaia's radiation damage and geometric calibration models.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, appearing in Proc. of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation (High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV), 27-30 June 2010, San Diego, USA
Ultradiscrete Plücker Relation Specialized for Soliton Solutions
Creators: name: Nagai, Hidetomo
name: Takahashi, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an ultradiscrete analogue of Plücker relation specialized for soliton solutions. It is expressed by an ultradiscrete permanent which is obtained by ultradiscretizing the permanent, that is, the signature-free determinant. Using this relation, we also show soliton solutions to the ultradiscrete KP equation and the ultradiscrete two-dimensional Toda lattice equation respectively.
description: 18 pages
Newtonian and General Relativistic Models of Spherical Shells - II
Creators: name: Vogt, D.
name: Letelier, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A family of potential-density pairs that represent spherical shells with finite thickness is obtained from the superposition of spheres with finite radii. Other families of shells with infinite thickness with a central hole are obtained by inversion transformations of spheres and of the finite shells. We also present a family of double shells with finite thickness. All potential-density pairs are analytical and can be stated in terms of elementary functions. For the above-mentioned structures, we study the circular orbits of test particles and their stability with respect to radial perturbations. All examples presented are found to be stable. A particular isotropic form of a metric in spherical coordinates is used to construct a General Relativistic version of the Newtonian families of spheres and shells. The matter of these structures is anisotropic, and the degree of anisotropy is a function of the radius.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Cultural Iconicity
Creators: name: Sørensen, Bent
name: Nielsen, Helle Thorsøe
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2015

description: This issue of Academic Quarter on the topic of Icon brings together scholars from film and media history, art history, literary history, imagology, cultural semiotics, star studies, fashion studies and cultural studies, initiating a further exploration of the phenomenon of ‘cultural iconicity’. For the purpose of this issue we propose the following definition of a cultural icon: A commercialized, yet sacralized visual, aural or textual representation anchored in a specific temporal/historical and spatial/geographical context, broadly recognized by its recipients as having iconic status for a group of human agents within one or several discursive fields/communities.


Within are contributions analyzing the phenomenon of cultural iconicity in the following areas of study: literature, music, art, fashion, film and other visual media, including photography. The reader will find papers that contribute further to the theorization of the field and its concepts, as well as papers that offer analyses of specific cases of cultural iconicity.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Icons, Vol. 10
Effects of cluster diffusion on the island density and size distribution in submonolayer island growth
Creators: name: Kryukov, Yevgen A.
name: Amar, Jacques G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of cluster diffusion on the submonolayer island density and island-size distribution are studied for the case of irreversible growth of compact islands on a 2D substrate. In our model, we assume instantaneous coalescence of circular islands, while the cluster mobility is assumed to exhibit power-law decay as a function of island-size with exponent mu. Results are presented for mu = 1/2, 1, and 3/2 corresponding to cluster diffusion via Brownian motion, correlated evaporation-condensation, and edge-diffusion respectively, as well as for higher values including mu = 2,3, and 6. We also compare our results with those obtained in the limit of no cluster mobility corresponding to mu = infinity. In agreement with theoretical predictions of power-law behavior of the island-size distribution (ISD) for mu < 1, for mu = 1/2 we find Ns(θ) ~ s^{-τ} (where Ns(θ) is the number of islands of size s at coverage θ) up to a cross-over island-size S_c. However, the value of τ obtained in our simulations is higher than the mean-field (MF) prediction τ = (3 - mu)/2. Similarly, the value of the exponent ζ corresponding to the dependence of S_c on the average island-size S (e.g. S_c ~ S^ζ) is also significantly higher than the MF prediction ζ = 2/(mu+1). A generalized scaling form for the ISD is also proposed for mu < 1, and using this form excellent scaling is found for mu = 1/2. However, for finite mu >= 1 neither the generalized scaling form nor the standard scaling form Ns(θ) = θ /S^2 f(s/S) lead to scaling of the entire ISD for finite values of the ratio R of the monomer diffusion rate to deposition flux. Instead, the scaled ISD becomes more sharply peaked with increasing R and coverage. This is in contrast to models of epitaxial growth with limited cluster mobility for which good scaling occurs over a wide range of coverages.
description: 12 pages, submitted to Physical Review E
Leisure
Creators: name: Andersen, Tem Frank
name: Jensen, Thessa
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2019

description: This issue of Academic Quarter on the topic of Leisure brings together scholars from a vast variety of academic fields, having different perspectives on topics relating to leisure as well as investigating different objects, artifacts, and phenomenon in relation to leisure. For the purpose of this issue we will follow the idea of leisure as transformative, and by doing this we differentiate ourselves substantially from Veblen's notion of 'conspicuous leisure'. Within are contributions researching, analyzing, and transforming the notion of leisure, placing it in the social, cultural, and technological reality of today. The reader will find papers that contribute to a further theorization of the field, its concepts, and scope.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Fritid | Leisure, Vol. 11
Introduction - Two Stories of the Arts and Humanities – and a Third Version Emerging
Creators: name: Agger, Gunhild
name: Dirckinck-Holmfeld, Lone
name: Gimmler, Antje
name: Heinrich, Falk
name: Soila, Tytti
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2016

description: During the past few decades, a spectre has emerged, which is now haunting the Arts and Humanities in the Western world. The question posed by this spectre is: What is the usefulness of studying Arts and Humanities? This has manifested itself in a decreasing acknowledgment, which again has resulted in considerable downsizing and diverse forms of crisis man¬agement. In this political realm this volume provides an alternative story about Arts and Humanities through the more constructive phrasing of the question: Which needs in society do the Arts and Humanities respond to and accommodate? The volume is divided into two sections. The first section addresses the “Historical positions of Arts and Humanities in society: Criticism, control and collaboration”. Here, the overall question is discussed at a general level. The aim of the second section “How to reinvent the Arts and Humanities: Defining disciplines and cross disciplinary developments” is to discuss a possible renaissance of the arts and humanities, focusing on different disciplines and cross disciplinary developments.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, The Challenges of Arts and Humanities, Vol. 13