cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraints on sterile neutrino models from strong gravitational lensing, Milky Way satellites, and Lyman-$α$ forest
Creators: name: Zelko, Ioana A.
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Abazajian, Kevork N.
name: Gilman, Daniel
name: Benson, Andrew J.
name: Birrer, Simon
name: Nierenberg, Anna M.
name: Kusenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of dark matter is one of the most important unsolved questions in science. Some dark matter candidates do not have sufficient nongravitational interactions to be probed in laboratory or accelerator experiments. It is thus important to develop astrophysical probes which can constrain or lead to a discovery of such candidates. We illustrate this using state-of-the-art measurements of strong gravitationally-lensed quasars to constrain four of the most popular sterile neutrino models, and also report the constraints for other independent methods that are comparable in procedure. First, we derive effective relations to describe the correspondence between the mass of a thermal relic warm dark matter particle and the mass of sterile neutrinos produced via Higgs decay and GUT-scale scenarios, in terms of large-scale structure and galaxy formation astrophysical effects. Second, we show that sterile neutrinos produced through the Higgs decay mechanism are allowed only for mass $>26$ keV, and GUT-scale scenario $>5.3$ keV. Third, we show that the single sterile neutrino model produced through active neutrino oscillations is allowed for mass $>92$ keV, and the 3 sterile neutrino minimal standard model ($ν$MSM) for mass $>16$ keV. These are the most stringent experimental limits on these models.
description: Published in Physical Review Letters (PRL); 10 pages, 3 figures
An inter comparison of the upper critical fields (Hc2) of different superconductors - YBa2Cu3O7, MgB2, NdFeAsO0.8F0.2, FeSe0.5Te0.5 and Nb2PdS5
Creators: name: Sultana, R.
name: Rani, P.
name: Hafiz, A. K.
name: Goyal, Reena
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report the comparison of the upper critical fields of different superconductors being calculated by two different theories i.e., Werthamer Helfand Hohenburg (WHH) and Ginzberg Landau (GL). All the samples are synthesized through previously known solid state reaction route. Phase purity is determined from the Rietveld refinement of powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD) data. High field (up to 14Tesla) magneto transport \r{ho}(T)H of different superconductors is studied to estimate their upper critical field (Hc2). The present inter comparison covers from Cuprates (YBa2Cu3O7) - Borides (MgB2) - Fe pnictides (NdFeAsO0.8F0.2) and chalcogenides (FeSe0.5Te0.5) to robust Nb2PdS5. The upper critical fields [Hc2(T)] at zero temperature are calculated by extrapolating the data using GL and WHH equations.
description: 10 Pages text + Figs: Short MS: Letter-J.Sup.Novel.Mag
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 7.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 08.01.2006, 13:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 100.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 30.04.2006, 09:00, erstellt von Andrea Manna
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Modified procedures for preparing some phosphines and other ligands of commercial interest
Creators: name: He, Shan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Phosphines are very useful reagents for the preparation of compounds containing single or multiple element phosphorus bonds. They react readily with various halides, carboxylic acid chlorides, carboxylic esters and other organic electrophiles. Diphosphines have been demonstrated in certain cases to chelate to a single metal atom and to bridge two metal centers and thus form binuclear complexes. There has been growing interest in obtaining reliable routes to a variety of these ligands. The cost of some phosphines is fairly high due to their extreme air and moisture sensitivity and hence the increased difficulty in their preparation. In this project, procedures for the large scale preparation of some of these ligands are introduced. These are based on modifications of the literature procedures. The syntheses of ligands containing either arsenic or selenium as the donor atom are also discussed.Supervisor: Rudy L. Luck.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 219.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 03.09.2006, 10:15, erstellt von Andrea Manna
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
The stellar metallicity gradients in galaxy discs in a cosmological scenario
Creators: name: Tissera, Patricia B.
name: Machado, Rubens E. G.
name: Sánchez-Blázquez, Patricia
name: Pedrosa, Susana E.
name: Sánchez, Sebastián F.
name: Snaith, Owain N.
name: Vilchez, José M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar metallicity gradients of disc galaxies provide information on the disc assembly, star formation processes and chemical evolution. They also might store information on dynamical processes which could affect the distribution of chemical elements in the gas-phase and the stellar components. We studied the stellar metallicity gradients of stellar discs in a cosmological simulation. We explored the dependence of the stellar metallicity gradients on stellar age and the size and mass of the stellar discs. We used galaxies selected from a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation performed including a physically-motivated Supernova feedback and chemical evolution. The metallicity profiles were estimated for stars with different ages. We confront our numerical findings with results from the CALIFA Survey. The simulated stellar discs are found to have metallicity profiles with slopes in global agreement with observations. Low stellar-mass galaxies tend to have a larger variety of metallicity slopes. When normalized by the half-mass radius, the stellar metallicity gradients do not show any dependence and the dispersion increases significantly, regardless of galaxy mass. Galaxies with stellar masses around $10^{10}$M$_{\odot}$ show steeper negative metallicity gradients. The stellar metallicity gradients correlate with the half-mass radius. However, the correlation signal is not present when they are normalized by the half-mass radius. Stellar discs with positive age gradients are detected to have negative and positive metallicity gradients, depending on the relative importance of the recent star formation activity in the central regions. The large dispersions in the metallicity gradients as a function of stellar mass could be ascribed to the effects of dynamical processes such as mergers/interactions and/or migration as well as those regulating the conversion of gas into stars. [abridged]
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Oxygen Hole Formation Controls Stability in LiNiO$_2$ Cathodes: DFT Studies of Oxygen Loss and Singlet Oxygen Formation in Li-Ion Batteries
Creators: name: Genreith-Schriever, A. R.
name: Banerjee, H.
name: Menon, A. S.
name: Bassey, E. N.
name: Piper, L. F.
name: Grey, C. P.
name: Morris, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ni-rich cathode materials achieve both high voltages and capacities in Li-ion batteries but are prone to structural instabilities and oxygen loss via the formation of singlet oxygen. Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we observe spontaneous O$_2$ loss from the (012) surface of delithiated LiNiO$_2$, singlet oxygen forming in the process. We find that the origin of the instability lies in the pronounced oxidation of O during delithiation, i.e., O plays a central role in Ni O redox in LiNiO$_2$. For LiNiO$_2$, NiO$_2$, and the prototype rock salt NiO, density-functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory calculations based on maximally localised Wannier functions yield a Ni charge state of ca. +2, with O varying between -2 (NiO), -1.5 (LiNiO$_2$) and -1 (NiO$_2$). Predicted XAS Ni $K$ and O $K$-edge spectra are in excellent agreement with experimental XAS spectra, confirming the predicted charge states. The calculations also show that a high-voltage O $K$-edge feature at 531 eV previously assigned to lattice O-redox processes could alternatively arise from O-redox induced water intercalation and O-O dimer formation with lattice O at high states of charge. The O$_2$ surface loss route observed here consists of 2 surface O$^{.-}$ radicals combining to form a peroxide ion, which is oxidised to O$_2$, leaving behind 2 O vacancies and 2 O$^{2-}$ ions: effectively 4 O$^{.-}$ radicals disproportionate to O$_2$ and 2 O$^{2-}$ ions. The reaction liberates ca. 3 eV per O$_2$ molecule. Singlet oxygen formation is caused by the singlet ground state of the peroxide ion, with spin conservation dictating the preferential release of $^1$O$_2$, the strongly exergonic reaction providing the free energy required for the formation of $^1$O$_2$ in its excited state.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 185.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 29.07.2006, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 147.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 20.06.2006, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 265.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 29.10.2006, 11:00, erstellt von Andrea Manna
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Bayesian Reasoning in Eternal Inflation: A Solution to the Measure Problem
Creators: name: Khoury, Justin
name: Wong, Sam S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probabilities in eternal inflation are traditionally defined as limiting frequency distributions, but a unique and unambiguous probability measure remains elusive. In this paper, we present a different approach, based on Bayesian reasoning. Our starting point is the master equation governing vacuum dynamics, which describes a random walk on the network of vacua. Our probabilities require two pieces of prior information, both pertaining to initial conditions: a prior density $ρ(t)$ for the time of nucleation, and a prior probability $p_α$ for the ancestral vacuum. For ancestral vacua, we advocate the uniform prior as a conservative choice, though our conclusions are fairly insensitive to this choice. For the time of nucleation, we argue that a uniform prior is consistent with the time-translational invariance of the master equation and represents the minimally-informative choice. The resulting predictive probabilities coincide with Bousso's "holographic" prior probabilities and are closely related to Garriga and Vilenkin's "comoving" probabilities. Despite making the least informative priors, these probabilities are surprisingly predictive. They favor vacua whose surrounding landscape topography is that of a deep funnel, akin to the folding funnels of naturally-occurring proteins. They predict that we exist during the approach to near-equilibrium, much earlier than the mixing time for the landscape. We also consider a volume-weighted $ρ(t)$, which amounts to weighing vacua by physical volume. The predictive probabilities in this case coincide with the GSVW measure. The Bayesian framework allows us to compare the plausibility of the uniform-time and volume-weighted hypotheses to explain our data by computing the Bayesian evidence for each. We argue, under general and plausible assumptions, that posterior odds overwhelmingly favor the uniform-time hypothesis.
description: 34 pages, 1 figure
Design Principles of Pancreatic Islets: Glucose-dependent Coordination of Hormone Pulses
Creators: name: Hoang, Danh-Tai
name: Hara, Manami
name: Jo, Junghyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Pancreatic islets are functional units involved in glucose homeostasis. The multicellular system comprises three main cell types; $β$ and $α$ cells reciprocally decrease and increase blood glucose by producing insulin and glucagon pulses, while the role of $δ$ cells is less clear. Although their spatial organization and the paracrine/autocrine interactions between them have been extensively studied, the functional implications of the design principles are still lacking. In this study, we formulated a mathematical model that integrates the pulsatility of hormone secretion and the interactions and organization of islet cells and examined the effects of different cellular compositions and organizations in mouse and human islets. A common feature of both species was that islet cells produced synchronous hormone pulses under low- and high- glucose conditions, while they produced asynchronous hormone pulses under normal glucose conditions. However, the synchronous coordination of insulin and glucagon pulses at low glucose was more pronounced in human islets that had more $α$ cells. When $β$ cells were selectively removed to mimic diabetic conditions, the anti-synchronicity of insulin and glucagon pulses was deteriorated at high glucose, but it could be partially recovered when the re-aggregation of remaining cells was considered. Finally, the third cell type, $δ$ cells, which introduced additional complexity in the multicellular system, prevented the excessive synchronization of hormone pulses. Our computational study suggests that controllable synchronization is a design principle of pancreatic islets.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 158.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 01.07.2006, 07:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Spilomicrus inornatus Masner 1991
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Spilomicrus
Spilomicrus inornatus

description: Spilomicrus inornatus Masner, 1991: 119, 136, figs 25, 65-67, 102, 115.
Valid name
Spilomicrus inornatus Masner, 1991.
Summary of types
Paratypes ♀, ♂.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 263.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 27.10.2006, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Coulomb breakup of 22C in a four-body model
Creators: name: Pinilla, E. C.
name: Descouvemont, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breakup cross sections are determined for the Borromean nucleus 22C by using a four-body eikonal model, including Coulomb corrections. Bound and continuum states are constructed within a 20C + n + n three-body model in hyperspherical coordinates. We compute continuum states with the correct asymptotic behavior through the R-matrix method. For the n+ n potential, we use the Minnesota interaction. As there is no precise experimental information on 21C, we define different parameter sets for the 20C + n potentials. These parameter sets provide different scattering lengths, and resonance energies of an expected 3/2+ excited state. Then we analyze the 22C ground-state energy and rms radius, as well as E1 strength distributions and breakup cross sections. The E1 strength distribution presents an enhancement at low energies. Its amplitude is associated with the low binding energy, rather than with a three-body resonance. We show that the shape of the cross section at low energies is sensitive to the ground-state properties. In addition, we suggest the existence of a low-energy 2+ resonance, which should be observable in breakup experiments.
Endogenous learning for green hydrogen in a sector-coupled energy model for Europe
Creators: name: Zeyen, Elisabeth
name: Victoria, Marta
name: Brown, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many studies have shown that hydrogen could play a large role in the energy transition for hard-to-electrify sectors, but previous modelling has not included the necessary features to assess its role. They have either left out important sectors of hydrogen demand, ignored the temporal variability in the system or neglected the dynamics of learning effects. We address these limitations and consider learning-by-doing for the full green hydrogen production chain with different climate targets in a detailed European sector-coupled model. Here, we show that in the next 10 years a faster scale-up of electrolysis and renewable capacities than envisaged by the EU in the REPowerEU Plan is cost-optimal in order to reach the +1.5°C target. This reduces the costs for hydrogen production to 1.26 Eur/kg by 2050. Hydrogen production switches from grey to green hydrogen, omitting the option of blue hydrogen. If electrolysis costs are modelled without dynamic learning-by-doing, then the electrolysis scale-up is significantly delayed, while total system costs are overestimated by up to 13% and the levelised cost of hydrogen is overestimated by 67%.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Epidemic Modeling using Hybrid of Time-varying SIRD, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Deep Learning
Creators: name: Kumar, Naresh
name: Susan, Seba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Epidemiological models are best suitable to model an epidemic if the spread pattern is stationary. To deal with non-stationary patterns and multiple waves of an epidemic, we develop a hybrid model encompassing epidemic modeling, particle swarm optimization, and deep learning. The model mainly caters to three objectives for better prediction: 1. Periodic estimation of the model parameters. 2. Incorporating impact of all the aspects using data fitting and parameter optimization 3. Deep learning based prediction of the model parameters. In our model, we use a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Dead (SIRD) epidemic modeling, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for model parameter optimization, and stacked-LSTM for forecasting the model parameters. Initial or one time estimation of model parameters is not able to model multiple waves of an epidemic. So, we estimate the model parameters periodically (weekly). We use PSO to identify the optimum values of the model parameters. We next train the stacked-LSTM on the optimized parameters, and perform forecasting of the model parameters for upcoming four weeks. Further, we fed the LSTM forecasted parameters into the SIRD model to forecast the number of COVID-19 cases. We evaluate the model for highly affected three countries namely; the USA, India, and the UK. The proposed hybrid model is able to deal with multiple waves, and has outperformed existing methods on all the three datasets.
description: Accepted in ICCCNT 2023
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 57.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 09.03.2006, 08:15, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
The excitation spectrum of two dimensional Bose gases in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime
Creators: name: Caraci, Cristina
name: Cenatiempo, Serena
name: Schlein, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a system of $N$ bosons, in the two-dimensional unit torus. We assume particles to interact through a repulsive two-body potential, with a scattering length that is exponentially small in $N$ (Gross-Pitaevskii regime). In this setting, we establish the validity of the predictions of Bogoliubov theory, determining the ground state energy of the Hamilton operator and its low-energy excitation spectrum, up to errors that vanish in the limit $N \to \infty$.
description: 51 pages, typos corrected
A $f(R)$-gravity model of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich profile of the Coma cluster compatible with {\it Planck} data
Creators: name: de Martino, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the weak field limit, analytic $f(R)$ models of gravity introduce a Yukawa-like correction to the Newtonian gravitational potential. These models have been widely tested at galactic scales and provide an alternative explanation to the dynamics of galaxies without Dark Matter. We study if the temperature anisotropies due to the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect are compatible with these Extended Theories of Gravity. We assume that the gas is in hydrostatic equilibrium within the modified Newtonian potential and it is well described by a polytropic equation of state. We particularize the model for the Coma cluster and the predicted anisotropies are compared with those measured in the foreground cleaned maps obtained using the Planck Nominal maps released in 2013. We show that the computed $f(R)$ pressure profile fits the data giving rise to competitive constraints of the Yukawa scale length $L=(2.19\pm1.02) \rm{\, Mpc}$, and of the deviation parameter $ δ=-0.48\pm0.22$. Those are currently the tightest constraints at galaxy cluster scale, and support the idea that Extended Theories of Gravity provide an alternative explanation to the dynamics of self-gravitating systems without requiring Dark Matter.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Cooling process of substellar objects in scalar-tensor gravity
Creators: name: Kozak, Aleksander
name: Soieva, Kärt
name: Wojnar, Aneta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooling processes of brown dwarf stars and giant planets are studied in the framework of DHOST theories. We confirm the previous results in the field that the effect of modified gravity on substellar objects' age is pronounced the most.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, matching the version to be published in PRD
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 77.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 03.04.2006, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 2.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
The battle of clean and dirty qubits in the era of partial error correction
Creators: name: Bultrini, Daniel
name: Wang, Samson
name: Czarnik, Piotr
name: Gordon, Max Hunter
name: Cerezo, M.
name: Coles, Patrick J.
name: Cincio, Lukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When error correction becomes possible it will be necessary to dedicate a large number of physical qubits to each logical qubit. Error correction allows for deeper circuits to be run, but each additional physical qubit can potentially contribute an exponential increase in computational space, so there is a trade-off between using qubits for error correction or using them as noisy qubits. In this work we look at the effects of using noisy qubits in conjunction with noiseless qubits (an idealized model for error-corrected qubits), which we call the "clean and dirty" setup. We employ analytical models and numerical simulations to characterize this setup. Numerically we show the appearance of Noise-Induced Barren Plateaus (NIBPs), i.e., an exponential concentration of observables caused by noise, in an Ising model Hamiltonian variational ansatz circuit. We observe this even if only a single qubit is noisy and given a deep enough circuit, suggesting that NIBPs cannot be fully overcome simply by error-correcting a subset of the qubits. On the positive side, we find that for every noiseless qubit in the circuit, there is an exponential suppression in concentration of gradient observables, showing the benefit of partial error correction. Finally, our analytical models corroborate these findings by showing that observables concentrate with a scaling in the exponent related to the ratio of dirty-to-total qubits.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures, (v2) minor changes
Page Curve and Island in EGB gravity
Creators: name: Anand, Ankit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the information paradox on lower-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet gravity known as a three-dimensional EGB black hole is studied using the quantum extremal island approach. For that, we connect an auxiliary flat bath system to this timelike singularity spacetime and estimate the entropy of hawking radiation in its asymptotic regions when gravity is weak. The addition of island areas to the entanglement wedge of radiation causes its entropy to obey the Page curve, as shown. The quantum extremal surface, or island boundary, is located outside the horizon. This yields a time-independent equation for Hawking radiation fine-grained entropy that is compatible with the appropriate Page curve. We also discover the modifications to this entropy and Page time.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 230.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 15.09.2006, 12:15, erstellt von Renzo Ramelli
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Investigations of the formation of a multicomponent transcription complex: Interferon stimulated gene factor 3
Creators: name: Fang, Hui
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Interferon-$\alpha$ (IFN-$\alpha$) induces the transcription of a large set of genes through activation of a multimeric transcription complex, interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). This complex is composed of three ISGF3$\alpha$ proteins and a single DNA binding ISGF3$\gamma$ component. It forms, in response to treatment by type I IFNs, from constitutive cytoplasmic proteins that must be activated prior to nuclear translocation. Although IFNs are well-described inhibitors of cell growth, the role of known signaling events in this action has not been clearly defined. In this study lymphoblastoid Daudi cells were analyzed to detect the formation of ISGF3, which was detected in cell extracts by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The ISGF3 linearly increased from 1-30 hours, then gradually declined until 48 hours. This signal did not require the continuous presence of IFN, was partially inhibited by cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis), and was prevented by staurosporine (a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase). These findings suggested that IFN signal generation depended upon the activity of a relatively stable tyrosine kinase-receptor complex.
Spider Silk: The Mother Nature's Biological Superlens
Creators: name: Monks, James N
name: Yan, Bing
name: Wang, Zengbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper demonstrates a possible new microfiber bio near field lens that uses minor ampullate spider silk,spun from the Nephila edulis spider, to create a real time image of a surface using near field optical techniques. The microfiber bio lens is the world's first natural superlens created by exploring biological materials. The resolution of the surface image overcomes the diffraction limit, with the ability to resolve patterns at 100 nm under a standard white light source in reflection mode. This resolution offers further developments in superlens technology and paves the way for new bio optics.
description: 4 pages, 3 figure, 1 supplementary figure, version 1
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 102.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 02.05.2006, 11:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Hamilton's Gradient Estimates and A Monotonicity Formula for Heat Flows on Metric Measure Spaces
Creators: name: Jiang, Renjin
name: Zhang, Huichun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we extend the Hamilton's gradient estimates \cite{har93} and a monotonicity formula of entropy \cite{ni04} for heat flows from smooth Riemannian manifolds to (non-smooth) metric measure spaces with appropriate Riemannian curvature-dimension condition.
description: 19 pages, In a special issue of Nonlinear Analysis (vol 131,2016,32-47): Qualitative and Quantitative Properties of Solutions to Parabolic Equations,in Honor of Victor A. Galaktionov for his 60th Birthday, Edited By Thierry Coulhon, Neil Trudinger and Vincenzo Vespri
Sequential Permutation Testing of Random Forest Variable Importance Measures
Creators: name: Hapfelmeier, Alexander
name: Hornung, Roman
name: Haller, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hypothesis testing of random forest (RF) variable importance measures (VIMP) remains the subject of ongoing research. Among recent developments, heuristic approaches to parametric testing have been proposed whose distributional assumptions are based on empirical evidence. Other formal tests under regularity conditions were derived analytically. However, these approaches can be computationally expensive or even practically infeasible. This problem also occurs with non-parametric permutation tests, which are, however, distribution-free and can generically be applied to any type of RF and VIMP. Embracing this advantage, it is proposed here to use sequential permutation tests and sequential p-value estimation to reduce the high computational costs associated with conventional permutation tests. The popular and widely used permutation VIMP serves as a practical and relevant application example. The results of simulation studies confirm that the theoretical properties of the sequential tests apply, that is, the type-I error probability is controlled at a nominal level and a high power is maintained with considerably fewer permutations needed in comparison to conventional permutation testing. The numerical stability of the methods is investigated in two additional application studies. In summary, theoretically sound sequential permutation testing of VIMP is possible at greatly reduced computational costs. Recommendations for application are given. A respective implementation is provided through the accompanying R package $rfvimptest$. The approach can also be easily applied to any kind of prediction model.
The discriminative functional mixture model for a comparative analysis of bike sharing systems
Creators: name: Bouveyron, Charles
name: Côme, Etienne
name: Jacques, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bike sharing systems (BSSs) have become a means of sustainable intermodal transport and are now proposed in many cities worldwide. Most BSSs also provide open access to their data, particularly to real-time status reports on their bike stations. The analysis of the mass of data generated by such systems is of particular interest to BSS providers to update system structures and policies. This work was motivated by interest in analyzing and comparing several European BSSs to identify common operating patterns in BSSs and to propose practical solutions to avoid potential issues. Our approach relies on the identification of common patterns between and within systems. To this end, a model-based clustering method, called FunFEM, for time series (or more generally functional data) is developed. It is based on a functional mixture model that allows the clustering of the data in a discriminative functional subspace. This model presents the advantage in this context to be parsimonious and to allow the visualization of the clustered systems. Numerical experiments confirm the good behavior of FunFEM, particularly compared to state-of-the-art methods. The application of FunFEM to BSS data from JCDecaux and the Transport for London Initiative allows us to identify 10 general patterns, including pathological ones, and to propose practical improvement strategies based on the system comparison. The visualization of the clustered data within the discriminative subspace turns out to be particularly informative regarding the system efficiency. The proposed methodology is implemented in a package for the R software, named funFEM, which is available on the CRAN. The package also provides a subset of the data analyzed in this work.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOAS861 in the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Tight basis cycle representatives for persistent homology of large data sets
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Manu
name: Periwal, Vipul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Persistent homology (PH) is a popular tool for topological data analysis that has found applications across diverse areas of research. It provides a rigorous method to compute robust topological features in discrete experimental observations that often contain various sources of uncertainties. Although powerful in theory, PH suffers from high computation cost that precludes its application to large data sets. Additionally, most analyses using PH are limited to computing the existence of nontrivial features. Precise localization of these features is not generally attempted because, by definition, localized representations are not unique and because of even higher computation cost. For scientific applications, such a precise location is a sine qua non for determining functional significance. Here, we provide a strategy and algorithms to compute tight representative boundaries around nontrivial robust features in large data sets. To showcase the efficiency of our algorithms and the precision of computed boundaries, we analyze three data sets from different scientific fields. In the human genome, we found an unexpected effect on loops through chromosome 13 and the sex chromosomes, upon impairment of chromatin loop formation. In a distribution of galaxies in the universe, we found statistically significant voids. In protein homologs with significantly different topology, we found voids attributable to ligand-interaction, mutation, and differences between species.
Effect of a Radiation Cooling and Heating Function on Standing Longitudinal Oscillations in Coronal Loops
Creators: name: Kumar, Sanjay
name: Nakariakov, V. M.
name: Moon, Y. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standing long-period (with the periods longer than several minutes) oscillations in large hot (with the temperature higher than 3 MK) coronal loops have been observed as the quasi-periodic modulation of the EUV and microwave intensity emission and the Doppler shift of coronal emission lines, and have been interpreted as standing slow magnetoacoustic (longitudinal) oscillations. Quasi-periodic pulsations of shorter periods, detected in thermal and non-thermal emissions in solar flares could be produced by a similar mechanism. We present theoretical modelling of the standing slow magnetoacoustic mode, showing that this mode of oscillation is highly sensitive to peculiarities of the radiative cooling and heating function. We generalised the theoretical model of standing slow magnetoacoustic oscillations in a hot plasma, including the effects of the radiative losses, and accounting for plasma heating. The heating mechanism is not specified and taken empirically to compensate the cooling by radiation and thermal-conduction. It is shown that the evolution of the oscillations is described by a generalised Burgers equation. Numerical solution of an initial value problem for the evolutionary equation demonstrates that different dependences of the radiative cooling and plasma heating on the temperature lead to different regimes of the oscillations, including growing, quasi-stationary and rapidly decaying. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for probing the coronal heating function, and may explain the observations of decayless long-period quasi-periodic pulsations in flares. The hydrodynamic approach employed in this study should be considered with caution in the modelling of non-thermal emission associated with flares, as it misses potentially important non-hydrodynamic effects.
description: Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal (March 2016), 17 pages with 12 figures
MSSM without a free parameter
Creators: name: Kitano, Ryuichiro
name: Motono, Ryuji
name: Nagai, Minoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is often argued that the minimal supersymmetric standard model has O(100) free parameters and the generic parameter region is already excluded by the null observation of the flavor and CP violating processes as well as the constraints from the LHC experiments. This situation naturally leads us to consider the case where all the dangerous soft supersymmetry breaking terms such as the scalar masses and scalar couplings are absent, while only the unified gaugino mass term and the mu term are non-vanishing at the grand unification scale. We revisit this simple situation taking into account the observed Higgs boson mass, 125 GeV. Since the gaugino mass and the mu term are fixed in order to explain the Higgs boson and the Z boson masses, there is no free parameter left in this scenario. We find that there are three independent parameter sets exist including ones which have not been discussed in the literature. We also find that the abundance of the dark matter can be explained by relic gravitinos which are non-thermally produced as decay products of the SUSY particles while satisfying constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We discuss the effects of the gravity mediation which generically give contribution to the soft terms of the order of the gravitino mass. It turns out that newly found parameter set is preferable to explain the Higgs boson mass as well as the gravitino dark matter while satisfying the constraints from the electric dipole moments of the electron and the nucleon.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, 1 table