cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strong gravitational field time delay for photons coupled to Weyl tensor in a Schwarzschild black hole
Creators: name: Lu, Xu
name: Yang, Feng-Wei
name: Xie, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse strong gravitational field time delay for photons coupled to the Weyl tensor in a Schwarzschild black hole. By making use of the method of strong deflection limit, we find that these time delays between relativistic images are significantly affected by polarization directions of such a coupling. A practical problem about determination of the polarization direction by observations is investigated. It is found that if the first and second relativistic images can be resolved, the measurement of time delay can more effectively improve detectability of the polarization direction.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
The multifaceted impact of US trade policy on financial markets
Creators: name: Boer, Lukas
name: Menkhoff, Lukas
name: Rieth, Malte
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 330

description: We study the multifaceted effects of trade policy shocks on financial markets using a structural vector autoregression identified via event day heteroskedasticity. We find that restrictive US trade policy shocks affect US and international stock prices heterogeneously, but generally negatively. They increase market uncertainty, lower US interest rates, and lead to an appreciation of the US dollar. The effects are significant for several weeks or quarters. Decomposing the trade policy shocks further suggests that trade policy uncertainty dominates tariff level effects. Chinese trade policy shocks against the United States further hurt US stocks.
Carniella forficata Gao & Li 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Gao, Cai-Xia
name: Li, Shu-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae
Carniella
Carniella forficata

description: Carniella forficata sp. nov. (Figs 16–18) Holotype ♂, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, secondary tropical seasonal rainforest (21º55.428'N, 101º16.441'E), 19–25 September 2007, Guo Zheng leg. Paratypes 2♂, same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name derives from the Latin adjective forficatus and means forked, in reference to bifurcate embolar apophysis. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to C. schwendingeri, but can be distinguished by the embolus with a forked apophysis; males of the latter species have an embolus with 2 apophyses (Knoflach, 1996). Male (measurements of holotype). Total length 0.95. Prosoma 0.40 long, 0.38 wide, high, yellow, with 6 long setae, membranous brims. Sternum 0.26 long, 0.28 wide, yellow, with black spots. Opisthosoma 0.50 long, 0.35 wide, grey, without colulus. Eye measurements: AME 0.03, ALE 0.05, PME 0.03, PLE 0.04, AME-AME 0.02, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.03. Clypeus height about 5.17 times AME diameter, yellow. Clypeal projection conspicuous, with many little setae. Chelicerae: yellow, with 1 anterior tooth, 2 spines; fangs long, slender. Endites: 0.15 long, 0.08 wide, yellow with brown pro-edges. Labium fused with sternum, 0.05 long, 0.11 wide, with 4 long setae, yellow with black spots. Leg measurements: I 1.19 (0.34, 0.13, 0.28, 0.19, 0.25); II 0.90 (0.26, 0.09, 0.16, 0.14, 0.25); III 0.91 (0.25, 0.13, 0.18, 0.14, 0.21); IV 1.29 (0.46, 0.13, 0.31, 0.16, 0.23). Leg I pale yellow, without spot; femur with row of spines; patella with 1 distal spine; tibia with many spines; metatarsus shorter than tarsus, with many spines; tarsus with many spines. Legs II–IV similar to leg I. Pedipalpus (Figs 16A–B, 17A–B, 18A–D): tibia pale yellow, without trichobothrium; cymbium yellow, with distal divarication; paracymbium hooked, distinguishable in retrolateral view; subtegulum broad; tegulum confined, without apophysis; median apophysis smooth, without protrusion; embolus similar to head of snake, with forked apophysis. Variation. Male paratypes. Total length 0.94–0.96; prosoma 0.48–0.50 long, 0.38–0.39 wide; sternum 0.24–0.25 long, 0.24–0.26 wide; opisthosoma 0.44–0.48 long, 0.38–0.40 wide. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from type locality (Yunnan).
description: Published as part of Gao, Cai-Xia & Li, Shu-Qiang, 2014, Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, pp. 1-135 in Zoological Systematics 39 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140101, http://zenodo.org/record/7475365
description: {"references": ["Knoflach, B. 1996. Three new species of Carniella from Thailand (Araneae, Theridiidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 103: 567 - 579."]}
Higher Covid-19 vaccination rates are associated with lower Covid-19 mortality: : a global analysis
Creators: name: Hoxha, Ilir
name: Agahi, Riaz
name: Bimbashi, Altina
name: Aliu, Mrika
name: Raka, Lul
name: Bajraktari, Illirjana
name: Bequiri, Petrit
name: Adams, Lisa V.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Mass vaccination initiatives are underway worldwide, and a considerable percentage of the world’s population is now vaccinated. This study examined the association of COVID-19 deaths per 1000 cases with a fully vaccinated population. The global median deaths per 1000 cases were 15.68 (IQR 9.84, 25.87) after 6 months of vaccinations and 11.96 (IQR 6.08, 20.63) after 12 months. Across 164 countries, we found significant variations in vaccination levels of populations, booster doses, and mortality, with higher vaccine coverage and lower mortality in high-income countries. Several regression models were performed to test the association between vaccination and COVID-19 mortality. Control variables were used to account for confounding variables. A 10-percentage-point increase in vaccination was associated with an 18.1% decrease in mortality after 6 months (95%CI, 7.4–28.8%) and a 16.8% decrease after 12 months (95%CI, 6.9–26.7%). A 10-percentage-point increase in booster vaccination rates was associated with a 33.1% decrease in COVID-19 mortality (95%CI, 16.0–50.2%). This relationship is present in most analyses by country income groups with variations in the effect size. Efforts are needed to reduce vaccine hesitancy while ensuring suitable infrastructure and supply to enable all countries to increase their vaccination rates.
Lyman-$α$ polarization from cosmological ionization fronts: II. Implications for intensity mapping
Creators: name: Koivu, Emily
name: Long, Heyang
name: Yang, Yuanyuan
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the second paper in a series whose aim is to predict the power spectrum of intensity and polarized intensity from cosmic reionization fronts. After building the analytic models for intensity and polarized intensity calculations in paper I, here we apply these models to simulations of reionization. We construct a geometric model for identifying front boundaries, calculate the intensity and polarized intensity for each front, and compute a power spectrum of these results. This method was applied to different simulation sizes and resolutions, so we ensure that our results are convergent. We find that the power spectrum of fluctuations at $z=8$ in a bin of width $Δz=0.5$ ($λ/Δλ=18$) is $Δ_\ell \equiv [\ell(\ell+1)C_\ell/2π]^{1/2}$ is $3.2\times 10^{-11}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ sr$^{-1}$ for the intensity $I$, $7.6\times10^{-13}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ sr$^{-1}$ for the $E$-mode polarization, and $5.8\times10^{-13}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ sr$^{-1}$ for the $B$-mode polarization at $\ell=1.5\times10^4$. After computing the power spectrum, we compare results to detectable scales and discuss implications for observing this signal based on a proposed experiment. We find that, while fundamental physics does not exclude this kind of mapping from being attainable, an experiment would need to be highly ambitious and require significant advances to make mapping Lyman-$α$ polarization from cosmic reionization fronts a feasible goal.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, to be submitted to JCAP
CTD2022: GPU-based algorithms for the CMS track clustering and primary vertex reconstruction for the Run 3 and Phase II of the LHC
Creators: name: Erice Cid, Carlos Francisco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The high luminosity expected from the LHC during the Run 3 and, especially, the Phase II of data taking introduces significant challenges in the CMS event reconstruction chain. The additional computational resources needed to treat this increased quantity of data surpass the expected increase in processing power for the next years. As a possible solution to this problem, CMS is investigating the usage of heterogeneous architectures, including both CPUs and GPUs, which can fulfill the processing needs of the Phase II online and offline reconstruction. A prototype system using this machinery has been already deployed and will be operated at the HLT reconstruction during the Run 3 data taking, both to prove the feasibility of the system and to gain additional experience in its usage towards the more challenging Phase II scenarios. Track clustering and primary vertex reconstruction takes a significant fraction of the reconstruction chain and involves similar computations over hundreds to thousands of reconstructed tracks. As a consequence, it is a natural candidate for the development of a GPU-based algorithm that parallelizes the later. We will discuss the status of such algorithm, and the challenges introduced by the need to reproduce the high performance already provided by the CPU-based version.
Persuasion in Context: Understanding the Impact of Communication Modality, Gender, Ethnicity, Cognitive, and Linguistic Style Volume One Claire L.
Creators: name: Tranter, Claire
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: Information is increasingly being exchanged on a global stage, and so audiences are becoming more diverse through communication in varying digital modalities. Understanding persuasion is increasingly important, particularly in response to technological change regarding the way in which we communicate and increased usage in our daily lives. However, persuasion has yet to be fully explored in relation to gender, ethnicity, cognitive and linguistic style and their influence on decision-making in interactive, synthetic modalities. This thesis sought to address this gap by employing an interpersonal modernised persuasion paradigm across three distinct contexts. Accordingly, three experimental studies are presented: Study 1 is conducted face-to-face (FtF), Study 2 utilises anonymous instant messaging software, and Study 3 introduces a novel, immersive, and collaborative virtual reality environment, which enables communication to occur in real-time via embodiment of avatars. The aims of the thesis were to a), investigate the effect of communication modalities on persuasion outcomes, b) to explore whether cognitive biases mediate persuasion outcomes, c) whether gender and ethnicity influence dyadic persuasive interactions, and d), to understand the impact, or otherwise, of linguistic style - comprising of quantitative analysis including linguistic synchronicity and epistemic modality, on persuasion outcomes. The combined results highlighted how the virtual environment was akin to the FtF modality, showing a propensity for successful persuasive outcomes and increased metacognitive confidence in attitude change. This has ramifications for real-world effects when researchers utilise virtual technology to observe, measure and train real-world performances. The anonymous instant messaging platform led to enhanced resistance across gender and ethnic groups, with males being significantly more likely to oppose the persuasive arguments as a result. Overall however, ethnicity and gender did not influence persuasion outcomes, nor did cognitive style mediate or predict an individual’s disposition to persuasion. Finally, linguistic style highlighted differences across participants, with persuaded individuals using more cognitive processing and informal language during exchanges. Expanding our understanding of how judgements are formed, influenced and modified can serve to widen discussion, and support applied understandings regarding the management of conversations both on- and offline. All findings are presented and discussed in relation to the relevant theoretical literature throughout this body of work.
Persistent Homology on Grassmann Manifolds for Analysis of Hyperspectral Movies
Creators: name: Chepushtanova, Sofya
name: Kirby, Michael
name: Peterson, Chris
name: Ziegelmeier, Lori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The existence of characteristic structure, or shape, in complex data sets has been recognized as increasingly important for mathematical data analysis. This realization has motivated the development of new tools such as persistent homology for exploring topological invariants, or features, in large data sets. In this paper we apply persistent homology to the characterization of gas plumes in time dependent sequences of hyperspectral cubes, i.e. the analysis of 4-way arrays. We investigate hyperspectral movies of Long-Wavelength Infrared data monitoring an experimental release of chemical simulant into the air. Our approach models regions of interest within the hyperspectral data cubes as points on the real Grassmann manifold $G(k, n)$ (whose points parameterize the $k$-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb{R}^n$), contrasting our approach with the more standard framework in Euclidean space. An advantage of this approach is that it allows a sequence of time slices in a hyperspectral movie to be collapsed to a sequence of points in such a way that some of the key structure within and between the slices is encoded by the points on the Grassmann manifold. This motivates the search for topological features, associated with the evolution of the frames of a hyperspectral movie, within the corresponding points on the Grassmann manifold. The proposed mathematical model affords the processing of large data sets while retaining valuable discriminatory information. In this paper, we discuss how embedding our data in the Grassmann manifold, together with topological data analysis, captures dynamical events that occur as the chemical plume is released and evolves.
description: version 2: typos correction
Synthesis and crystal structures of a series of five [M{Me2Si(NPh)2}L2] complexes (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn) with NHC co-ligands
Creators: name: Heiser, Christian
name: Merzweiler, Kurt
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540

description: A series of five M(II) silylamide complexes [M{Me2Si(NPh)2}(iPr2Im)2] (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn), iPr2Im=1,3-diisopropylimidazoline-2-ylidene) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray analyses. The Cr(II) complex [Cr{Me2Si(NPh)2}(iPr2Im)2] exhibits a distorted square planar coordination from a chelating Me2Si(NPh)2 group and two NHC ligands. In the case of the Mn, Fe, Co and Zn derivatives the coordination mode is distorted tetrahedral. With exception of the Zn complex all derivatives are paramagnetic with μeff. values of 4.71 B.M. (Cr), 5.08 B.M. (Fe), 5.91 B.M. (Mn) and 3.94 B.M. (Co).
CTD2022: Standalone track reconstruction and matching algorithms for GPU-based High level trigger at LHCb
Creators: name: Jashal, Brij Kishor
name: De Oyanguren Campos, Arantza
name: Agapopoulou, Christina
name: Calefice, Lukas
name: Hennequin, Arthur
name: Henry, Louis
name: Zhuo, Jiahui
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The LHCb Upgrade in Run 3 has changed its trigger scheme for a full software selection in two steps. The first step, HLT1, will be entirely implemented on GPUs and run a fast selection aiming at reducing the visible collision rate from 30 MHz to 1 MHz. This selection relies on a partial reconstruction of the event. A version of this reconstruction starts with two monolithic tracking algorithms, the VELO-pixel tracking and the HybridSeeding on Scintillating-Fiber tracker, which reconstructs track segments in standalone sub-detectors. Those segments are then matched through a matching algorithm in order to produce 'long' tracks, which form the base of the HLT1 reconstruction. We discuss the principle of these algorithms as well as the details of their implementation which allows them to run at a high-throughput configuration. An emphasis is put on the optimizations of the algorithms themselves in order to take advantage of the GPU architecture. Finally, results are presented in the context of the LHCb performance requirements for Run 3
Switching chirophilic self-assembly : from meso-structures to conglomerates in liquid and liquid crystalline network phases of achiral polycatenar compounds
Creators: name: Alaasar, Mohamed
name: Cao, Yu
name: Liu, Yan
name: Liu, Feng
name: Tschierske, Carsten
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540

description: Spontaneous generation of chirality from achiral molecules is a contemporary research topic with numerous implications for technological applications and for the understanding of the development of homogeneous chirality in biosystems. Herein, a series of azobenzene based rod-like molecules with an 3,4,5-trialkylated end and a single n-alkyl chain involving 5 to 20 aliphatic carbons at the opposite end is reported. Depending on the chain length and temperature these achiral molecules self-assemble into a series of liquid and liquid crystalline (LC) helical network phases. A chiral isotropic liquid (Iso1[*]) and a cubic triple network phase with chiral I23 lattice were found for the short chain compounds, whereas non-cubic and achiral cubic phases dominate for the long chain compounds. Among them a mesoscale conglomerate with I23 lattice, a tetragonal phase (Tetbi) containing one chirality synchronized and one non-synchronized achiral network, an achiral double network meso-structure with Iaurn:x-wiley:09476539:media:chem202201857:chem202201857-math-0001 d space group and an achiral percolated isotropic liquid mesophase (Iso1) were found. This sequence is attributed to an increasing strength of chirality synchronization between the networks, combined with a change of the preferred mode of chirophilic self-assembly between the networks, switching from enantiophilic to enantiophobic with decreasing chain length and lowering temperature. These nanostructured and mirror symmetry broken LC phases exist over wide temperature ranges which is of interest for potential applications in chiral and photosensitive functional materials derived from achiral compounds.
Partial k-means to avoid outliers, mathematical programming formulations, complexity results
Creators: name: Dupin, Nicolas
name: Nielsen, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A well-known bottleneck of Min-Sum-of-Square Clustering (MSSC, the celebrated $k$-means problem) is to tackle the presence of outliers. In this paper, we propose a Partial clustering variant termed PMSSC which considers a fixed number of outliers to remove. We solve PMSSC by Integer Programming formulations and complexity results extending the ones from MSSC are studied. PMSSC is NP-hard in Euclidean space when the dimension or the number of clusters is greater than $2$. Finally, one-dimensional cases are studied: Unweighted PMSSC is polynomial in that case and solved with a dynamic programming algorithm, extending the optimality property of MSSC with interval clustering. This result holds also for unweighted $k$-medoids with outliers. A weaker optimality property holds for weighted PMSSC, but NP-hardness or not remains an open question in dimension one.
Effect of junction aggregation on the dynamics of supramolecular polymers and networks
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Mostafa
name: Jangizehi, Amir
name: Saalwächter, Kay
name: Seiffert, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Transient structures based on associative polymers can deliver complex functions; as such, they hold promise for advanced applications as in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and electronics. The network structure and timescale of its rearrangement are key factors that define their range of utility. However, the inevitable phase separation of polar pairwise associations from nonpolar polymer chains frequently causes junction aggregation, whose stability and functionality significantly affect the network structure and dynamics, and as such, redefine its utility. Engineering the extent of association is a necessity for controlling properties of supramolecular materials, yet the current knowledge of the effect of design parameters on specificities of aggregates and their consequent effects on material properties is limited. To address this gap, the importance of aggregation is highlighted, the available theories and models of the dynamics of associative polymers in the presence of aggregates are reviewed, and the existing experimental records to draw a general guideline for interpreting the effect of aggregates on polymer dynamics are classified. Moreover, pitfalls and considerations like the applicability of time–temperature superposition, and the interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics of aggregation that may undermine the authenticity of the reported data are reviewed.
Nonminimally Assisted Inflation: A General Analysis
Creators: name: Hyun, Sang Chul
name: Kim, Jinsu
name: Kodama, Tatsuki
name: Park, Seong Chan
name: Takahashi, Tomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of a scalar field, known as the "assistant field," which nonminimally couples to gravity, on single-field inflationary models are studied. The analysis provides analytical expressions for inflationary observables such as the spectral index ($n_s$), the tensor-to-scalar ratio ($r$), and the local-type nonlinearity parameter ($f_{\rm NL}^{(\rm local)}$). The presence of the assistant field leads to a lowering of $n_s$ and $r$ in most of the parameter space, compared to the original predictions. In some cases, $n_s$ may increase due to the assistant field. This revives compatibility between ruled-out single-field models and the latest observations by Planck-BICEP/Keck. The results are demonstrated using three example models: loop inflation, power-law inflation, and hybrid inflation.
description: v1: 27 pages; v2: 34 pages, analysis improved, references updated, accepted for publication in JCAP
Effect of interface on epitaxy and magnetism in h-RFeO3/Fe3O4/Al2O3 films (R=Lu, Yb)
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaozhe
name: Yin, Yuewei
name: Yang, Sen
name: Yang, Zhimao
name: Xu, Xiaoshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out the growth of h-RFeO3 (001) (R=Lu, Yb) thin films on Fe3O4 (111)/Al2O3 (001) substrates, and studied the effect of the h-RFeO3 (001)/Fe3O4 (111) interfaces on the epitaxy and magnetism. The observed epitaxial relations between h-RFeO3 and Fe3O4 indicates an unusual matching of Fe sub-lattices rather than a matching of O sub-lattices. The out-of-plane direction was found to be the easy magnetic axis for h-YbFeO3 (001) but the hard axis for Fe3O4 (111) in the h-YbFeO3 (001)/Fe3O4 (111)/Al2O3 (001) films, suggesting a perpendicular magnetic alignment at the h-YbFeO3 (001)/Fe3O4 (111) interface. These results indicate that Fe3O4 (111)/Al2O3 (001) could be a promising substrate for epitaxial growth of h-RFeO3 films of well-defined interface and for exploiting their spintronic properties.
Centre vortex structure in the presence of dynamical fermions
Creators: name: Biddle, James C.
name: Kamleh, Waseem
name: Leinweber, Derek B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of the geometry and structure of centre vortices in the presence of dynamical fermions is performed. A variety of metrics are used to measure the matrix structure of the vortex-modified gauge fields. Visualisations of centre vortices are presented and percolating clusters are identified. The size of secondary vortex clusters is analysed, with substantial differences observed between the pure Yang-Mills and dynamical fermion case. Vortex fields are represented as directed graphs, with branching points acting as the vertices. This representation leads to a novel picture of vortex branching as a binomial process. These results elucidate the change in the centre vortex vacuum induced by the introduction of dynamical fermions.
description: 18 pages, 22 figures
CTD2022: Real-time alignment procedure at the LHCb experiment for Run3
Creators: name: Reiss, Florian
name: Borghi, Silvia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The LHCb detector at the LHC is a general purpose detector in the forward region with a focus on studying decays of c- and b-hadrons. For Run 3 of the LHC, LHCb will take data at an instantaneous luminosity of $2 × 10^{33} cm^{−2} s^{−1}$, five times higher than in Run 2 (2015-2018). To cope with the harsher data taking conditions, LHCb will deploy a purely software based trigger with a 30 MHz input rate. The software trigger at LHCb is composed of two stages: in the first stage the selection is based on a fast and simplified event reconstruction, while in the second stage a full event reconstruction is used. This gives room to perform a real-time alignment and calibration after the first trigger stage, allowing to have an offline-quality detector alignment in the second stage of the trigger. The detector alignment is an essential ingredient to have the best detector performance in the full event reconstruction. The alignment of the whole tracking system of LHCb is evaluated in real-time by an automatic iterative procedure. This is particularly important for the vertex detector, which is retracted for LHC beam injection and centered around the primary vertex position with stable beam conditions in each fill. Hence it is sensitive to position changes on fill-by-fill basis. To perform the real-time alignment and calibration of the detector a new framework that uses a multi-core farm has been developed. This framework allows the parallelization of the event reconstruction, while the evaluation of the constants is performed on a single node after collecting all the needed information from all the nodes. The procedure is fully automatic and running as soon as enough data are collected. The execution of the alignment tasks is under the control of the LHCb Experiment Control System, and it is implemented as a finite state machine. The data collected at the start of the fill are processed in a few minutes and used to update the alignment before running the second stage of the trigger. This in turn allows the trigger output data to be used for physics analysis without a further offline event reconstruction. The framework and the procedure for a real-time alignment of the LHCb detector in Run 3 are discussed from both the technical and operational point of view. Specific challenges of this strategy and foreseen performance are presented.
Resistive switching in ferroelectric Bi2FeCrO6 thin films and impact on the photovoltaic effect
Creators: name: Walch, David S.
name: Yun, Yeseul
name: Ramakrishnegowda, Niranjan
name: Mühlenbein, Lutz
name: Lotnyk, Andriy A.
name: Himcinschi, Cameliu Constantin
name: Bhatnagar, Akash
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530

description: The multiferroic character of Bi2FeCrO6 (BFCO), that is, the coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, has been predicted and demonstrated in different studies. Intriguingly, the material system also exhibits a reduced band gap, in addition to bulk-driven photovoltaic effect. The co-existence of all these attributes in a single system is a rare occurrence and paves way to a multitude of practical applications, with ferroelectric solar cell as one of them. In this work, epitaxially grown BFCO thin films, deposited with pulsed laser deposition on single crystalline SrTiO3 (STO) substrates, reveal a self-ordered ionic arrangement which is proven with X-ray and transmission electron micrcoscope (TEM) measurements. A lowered band gap and a higher conductivity lead to a superior photovoltaic performance compared to a BiFeO3 (BFO) reference film. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is used to test locally the ferroelectric switching properties. Poling with electric field not only caused a reliable change in the state of polarization, but also resulted in substantial changes in the resistance of the regions. Macroscopic measurements using transparent In2O3:Sn (ITO) electrodes demonstrate a bi-directional multi-stage resistive switching, which in turn influences the photovoltaic performance of the heterostucture.
Exploring high-z galaxies with the E-ELT
Creators: name: Gullieuszik, M.
name: Falomo, R.
name: Greggio, L.
name: Uslenghi, M.
name: Fantinel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present simulated observations of galaxies at z=2 and z=3 to probe the capabilities of next-generation telescopes (E-ELT and JWST) to measure the structural and photometrical properties of high redshift galaxies. We carry out an extensive set of simulations of high redshift galaxies adopting the specifications of the E-ELT first light instrument MICADO. The main parameters (sizes, Sersic index, magnitudes) of the galaxies are measured using GALFIT and the accuracy of the determinations is assessed by comparing the input values to the measurements from many runs with different statistical noise. We also address the effects on the measurements accuracy of possible spatial variation of the PSF in the field. We find that from 3h exposure E-ELT near-IR images of galaxies at z=2 and z=3 it will be possible to measure the size, the total magnitude and the galaxy morphology with an accuracy of 5% for objects as faint as H=25 and half light size of 0.2 arcsec. The effective radius of compact, early type galaxies will also be recovered with 5% accuracy, provided that their half light size exceeds 20 mas. These results are compared with those expected from simulated observations obtained with NIRCam on board of the JWST.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
Cephalobares globiceps O. Pickard-Cambridge 1871
Creators: name: Gao, Cai-Xia
name: Li, Shu-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae
Cephalobares
Cephalobares globiceps

description: Cephalobares globiceps O. P.- Cambridge, 1870 Cephalobares globiceps O. P.- Cambridge, 1870: 735, pl. 44, fig. 4. Material examined. China, Yunnan, 2♀, Xishuangbanna, Menglun Nature Reserve, primary tropical seasonal rainforest (21º57.445'N, 101º12.997'E), 10–20 June 2007, Guo Zheng leg. Distribution. China (Yunnan); Sri Lanka.
description: Published as part of Gao, Cai-Xia & Li, Shu-Qiang, 2014, Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, pp. 1-135 in Zoological Systematics 39 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140101, http://zenodo.org/record/7475365
description: {"references": ["Cambridge, O. P. -. 1870. On some new genera and species of Araneida. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1870: 728 - 747."]}
Non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors
Creators: name: Schiene-Fischer, Cordelia
name: Fischer, Gunter
name: Braun, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Cyclophilins, enzymes with peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity, are relevant to a large variety of biological processes. The most abundant member of this enzyme family, cyclophilin A, is the cellular receptor of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA). As a consequence of the pathophysiological role of cyclophilins, particularly in viral infections, there is a broad interest in cyclophilin inhibition devoid of immunosuppressive activity. This Review first gives an introduction into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of cyclophilins. The presentation of non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors will commence with drugs based on chemical modifications of CsA. The naturally occurring macrocyclic sanglifehrins have become other lead structures for cyclophilin-inhibiting drugs. Finally, de novo designed compounds, whose structures are not derived from or inspired by natural products, will be presented. Relevant synthetic concepts will be discussed, but the focus will also be on biochemical studies, structure–activity relationships, and clinical studies.
Bottom energy loss and non-prompt $J/ψ$ production in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Yang, Meimei
name: Zheng, Shiqi
name: Tong, Bo
name: Zhao, Jiaxing
name: Ouyang, Wenyuan
name: Zhou, Kai
name: Chen, Baoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the momentum and centrality dependence of the non-prompt $J/ψ$ nuclear modification factors ($R_{AA}$), which comes from the $B$ hadrons decay, in Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Bottom quarks are produced in the parton hard scatterings and suffer energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma and the hadronic gas, where the spatial and time evolution of the medium is described with the hydrodynamic equations. Medium-induced elastic scatterings and the radiation in bottom quarks are included in the energy loss of bottom quarks. The hadronization process of bottom quarks is described with the instantaneous coalescence model. After considering both cold and hot nuclear matter effects in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV, we calculated the $R_{AA}$ and also the elliptic flows of non-prompt $J/ψ$ from the decay of $B$ mesons at different centralities and transverse momentum bins. The $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ of non-prompt $J/ψ$ sensitive to the hot medium reflect and centrality supply an opportunity to study the bottom quarks energy loss in the hot medium.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
CTD2022: Application of machine learning in muon scattering tomography for better image reconstruction
Creators: name: Tripathy, Sridhar
name: Jagga, Priyanka
name: Majumdar, Nayana
name: Mukhopadhyay, Supratik
name: Sarkar, Sandip
name: Das, Subhendu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Muon Scattering Tomography (MST) is a non-destructive imaging technique that uses cosmic ray muon to probe three-dimensional objects. It is based on the multiple Coulomb scattering suffered by the muons while crossing an object. Muons deflect and decelerated depending upon the density and the atomic number of the material of the object. Therefore, by studying the deflection of the muons, the information about the test object may be obtained. We plan to construct an MST setup using two sets of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) for tracking muons before and after their interaction to identify the material of the test object. The RPC is preferred due to its simple design, ease of construction, cost-effective production of large detection area, along with very good temporal, spatial resolutions, and detection efficiency. NINO ASICs have been used as a discriminator and its Time Over Threshold (TOT) property has been used to achieve better position information. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based multi-parameter Data Acquisition System (DAQ) has been developed in this context for the collection of position information from the tracking RPCs and subsequent track reconstruction. It offers a simple, low-cost, scalable readout solution for the present MST setup. In parallel, a numerical simulation has been carried out for optimizing the design and performance of the MST setup for material identification using the Geant4 package. Two sets of RPCs, each consisting of three RPCs detectors, have been placed above and below the test object. Cosmic Ray Library (CRY) has been used as a muon generator and the GEANT4 package with FTFP_BERT physics list has been implemented for simulating the muon interaction in the MST setup. Two track reconstruction algorithms, namely, the Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) and Binned Cluster Algorithm (BCA), have been used to compare their effectiveness in MST. These algorithms have been used to determine scattering vertices and scattering angles for each muon. In this project, we try to develop a material identification method using machine learning algorithms for better material identification and implement this in our MST setup. The performance of the technique may be compared to a few other methods, such as the Metric Discriminator method, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), Pattern Recognition Method (PRM), etc.
The effect of pH on the structure and lateral organization of cardiolipin in langmuir monolayers
Creators: name: Sturm, Marina
name: Gutowski, Olof
name: Brezesinski, Gerald
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 615

description: Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid featuring a dimeric structure. With its four alkyl chains, it has a large hydrophobic region and the charged hydrophilic head group is relatively small. Biological membranes exhibit CL exclusively in the inner bacterial and mitochondrial membranes. Alteration of CL packing can lead to structural changes and membrane instabilities. One environmental influence is the change in pH. Since the acidic properties of the phosphate head groups remain still controversial in literature, this work focusses on the influence of pH on the ionization degree of CL. For the analyses, surface pressure (π) – molecular area (A) isotherm experiments were combined with total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). Continuous ionization with a high CL packing density was observed in the monolayer over a wide pH range. No individual pKa values can be assigned to the two phosphate groups, but mutual influence is observed.
Reply to: Inability of a graph neural network heuristic to outperform greedy algorithms in solving combinatorial optimization problems
Creators: name: Schuetz, Martin J. A.
name: Brubaker, J. Kyle
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a comprehensive reply to the comment written by Stefan Boettcher [arXiv:2210.00623] and argue that the comment singles out one particular non-representative example problem, entirely focusing on the maximum cut problem (MaxCut) on sparse graphs, for which greedy algorithms are expected to perform well. Conversely, we highlight the broader algorithmic development underlying our original work, and (within our original framework) provide additional numerical results showing sizable improvements over our original data, thereby refuting the comment's original performance statements. Furthermore, it has already been shown that physics-inspired graph neural networks (PI-GNNs) can outperform greedy algorithms, in particular on hard, dense instances. We also argue that the internal (parallel) anatomy of graph neural networks is very different from the (sequential) nature of greedy algorithms, and (based on their usage at the scale of real-world social networks) point out that graph neural networks have demonstrated their potential for superior scalability compared to existing heuristics such as extremal optimization. Finally, we conclude highlighting the conceptual novelty of our work and outline some potential extensions.
description: Manuscript: 2 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2302.03602
From Liquid Structure to Configurational Entropy: Introducing Structural Covariance
Creators: name: Ronceray, Pierre
name: Harrowell, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We connect the configurational entropy of a liquid to the geometrical properties of its local energy landscape, using a high-temperature expansion. It is proposed that correlations between local structures arises from their overlap and, being geometrical in nature, can be usefully determined using the inherent structures of high temperature liquids. We show quantitatively how the high-temperature covariance of these local structural fluctuations arising from their geometrical overlap, combined with their energetic stability, control the decrease of entropy with decreasing energy. We apply this formalism to a family of Favoured Local Structure (FLS) lattice models with two low symmetry FLS's which are found to either crystallize or form a glass on cooling. The covariance, crystal energy and estimated freezing temperature are tested as possible predictors of glass-forming ability in the model system.
Direct observation of “elongated” conformational states in α-synuclein upon liquid-liquid phase separation
Creators: name: Ubbiali, Daniele
name: Fratini, Marta
name: Piersimoni, Lolita
name: Ihling, Christian H.
name: Kipping, Marc
name: Heilmann, Ingo
name: Iacobucci, Claudio
name: Sinz, Andrea
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 572

description: α-Synuclein (α-syn) is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), fibrillation, and forms insoluble intracellular Lewy bodies in neurons, which are the hallmark of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Neurotoxicity precedes the formation of aggregates and might be related to α-syn LLPS. The molecular mechanisms underlying the early stages of LLPS are still elusive. To obtain structural insights into α-syn upon LLPS, we take advantage of cross-linking/mass spectrometry (XL–MS) and introduce an innovative approach, termed COMPASS (COMPetitive PAiring StatisticS). In this work, we show that the conformational ensemble of α-syn shifts from a “hairpin-like” structure towards more “elongated” conformational states upon LLPS. We obtain insights into the critical initial stages of LLPS and establish a novel mass spectrometry-based approach that will aid to solve open questions in LLPS structural biology.
CTD2022: Track reconstruction in the LUXE experiment using quantum algorithms
Creators: name: Spataro, David
name: Kropf, Annabel
name: Heinemann, Beate
name: Funcke, Lena
name: Yap, Yee Chinn
name: Crippa, Arianna
name: Tüysüz, Cenk
name: Meloni, Federico
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Kuehn, Stefan
name: Hartung, Tobias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment) is a proposed experiment at DESY which will study Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) in the strong-field regime, where QED becomes non-perturbative. The measurement of the rate of electron-positron pair creation, an essential ingredient to study this regime, is enabled by the use of a silicon tracking detector. Precision tracking of positrons traversing the four layers of the tracking detector becomes very challenging at high laser intensities due to the high rates, which can be computationally expensive for classical computers. In this talk, a preliminary study of the potential of quantum computers to reconstruct positron tracks will be presented. The reconstruction problem is formulated in terms of a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO), allowing it to be solved using quantum computers and hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA). Different ansatz circuits and optimisers are studied. The results are discussed and compared with classical track reconstruction algorithms using Graph Neural Network and Combinatorial Kalman Filter.
CTD2022: Tracking on GPU at LHCb's fully software trigger
Creators: name: Scarabotto, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The LHCb experiment will use a fully software trigger to collect data from 2022 at an event rate of 30 MHz. During the first stage of High-Level Trigger (HLT1), a partial track reconstruction is performed on charged particles to select interesting events using efficient parallelisation techniques on GPU cards. This stage will already help reduce the event rates by at least a factor 30. Reconstructing tracks at a 30 MHz level represents a challenge which requires very efficient tracking algorithms and high parallelisation. The talk will particularly focus on tracking algorithms specialised on reconstructing particles traversing the whole LHCb detector.
Nanomaterial datasets to advance tomography in scanning transmission electron microscopy
Creators: name: Levin, Barnaby D. A.
name: Padgett, Elliot
name: Chen, Chien-Chun
name: Scott, M. C.
name: Xu, Rui
name: Theis, Wolfgang
name: Jiang, Yi
name: Yang, Yongsoo
name: Ophus, Colin
name: Zhang, Haitao
name: Ha, Don-Hyung
name: Wang, Deli
name: Yu, Yingchao
name: Abruna, Hector D.
name: Robinson, Richard D.
name: Ercius, Peter
name: Kourkoutis, Lena F.
name: Miao, Jianwei
name: Muller, David A.
name: Hovden, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron tomography in materials science has flourished with the demand to characterize nanoscale materials in three dimensions (3D). Access to experimental data is vital for developing and validating reconstruction methods that improve resolution and reduce radiation dose requirements. This work presents five high-quality scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) tomography datasets in order to address the critical need for open access data in this field. The datasets represent the current limits of experimental technique, are of high quality, and contain materials with structural complexity. Included are tomographic series of a hyperbranched Co2P nanocrystal, platinum nanoparticles on a carbon nanofibre imaged over the complete 180° tilt range, a platinum nanoparticle and a tungsten needle both imaged at atomic resolution by equal slope tomography, and a through-focal tilt series of PtCu nanoparticles. A volumetric reconstruction from every dataset is provided for comparison and development of post-processing and visualization techniques. Researchers interested in creating novel data processing and reconstruction algorithms will now have access to state of the art experimental test data.
description: 3 figures, 10 datasets