cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fully coupled hybrid cavity optomechanics: quantum interferences and correlations
Creators: name: Restrepo, Juan
name: Favero, Ivan
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum theory for a fully coupled hybrid optomechanical system where all mutual couplings between a two-level atom, a confined photon mode and a mechanical oscillator mode are considered. In such a configuration, new quantum interference effects and correlations arise due to the interplay and competition between the different physical interactions. We present an analytical diagonalization of the related fully coupled Hamiltonian, showing the nature and energy spectra of the tripartite dressed excitations. We determine the driven-dissipative dynamics of such hybrid systems and study phonon blockade effects under resonant excitation. We also study the statistical properties of the photon emission obtained under incoherent pumping of the two-level atom, which is particularly relevant for experiments with solid-state two-level emitters.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of The association of breast feeding for at least six months with hemodynamic and metabolic health of women and their children aged three years: an observational cohort study
Creators: name: Pathirana, Maleesa M.
name: Andraweera, Prabha H.
name: Aldridge, Emily
name: Harrison, Madeline
name: Harrison, Jade
name: Leemaqz, Shalem
name: Arstall, Margaret A.
name: Dekker, Gustaaf A.
name: Roberts, Claire T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 19999
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Realizing spin squeezing with Rydberg interactions in a programmable optical clock
Creators: name: Eckner, William J.
name: Oppong, Nelson Darkwah
name: Cao, Alec
name: Young, Aaron W.
name: Milner, William R.
name: Robinson, John M.
name: Ye, Jun
name: Kaufman, Adam M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutral-atom arrays trapped in optical potentials are a powerful platform for studying quantum physics, combining precise single-particle control and detection with a range of tunable entangling interactions. For example, these capabilities have been leveraged for state-of-the-art frequency metrology as well as microscopic studies of entangled many-particle states. In this work, we combine these applications to realize spin squeezing - a widely studied operation for producing metrologically useful entanglement - in an optical atomic clock based on a programmable array of interacting optical qubits. In this first demonstration of Rydberg-mediated squeezing with a neutral-atom optical clock, we generate states that have almost 4 dB of metrological gain. Additionally, we perform a synchronous frequency comparison between independent squeezed states and observe a fractional frequency stability of $1.087(1)\times 10^{-15}$ at one-second averaging time, which is 1.94(1) dB below the standard quantum limit, and reaches a fractional precision at the $10^{-17}$ level during a half-hour measurement. We further leverage the programmable control afforded by optical tweezer arrays to apply local phase shifts in order to explore spin squeezing in measurements that operate beyond the relative coherence time with the optical local oscillator. The realization of this spin-squeezing protocol in a programmable atom-array clock opens the door to a wide range of quantum-information inspired techniques for optimal phase estimation and Heisenberg-limited optical atomic clocks.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary Information
Theory on electron-phonon spin dehphasing in GaAs multi-electron double quantum dots
Creators: name: He, Guanjie
name: Chan, Guo Xuan
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies reveal that a double-quantum-dot system hosting more than two electrons may be superior in certain aspects as compared to the traditional case in which only two electrons are confined (a singlet-triplet qubit). We study the electron-phonon dephasing occurring in a GaAs multi-electron double-quantum-dot system, in a biased case in which the singlet state is hybridized, as well as in an unbiased case in which the hybridization is absent. We have found that while the electron-phonon dephasing rate increases with the number of electrons confined in the unbiased case, this does not hold in the biased case. We define a merit figure as a ratio between the exchange energy and the dephasing rate, and have shown that in experimentally relevant range of the exchange energy, the merit figure actually increases with the number of electrons in the biased case. Our results show that the multi-electron quantum-dot system has another advantage in mitigating the effect of electron-phonon dephasing, which is previously under-appreciated in the literature.
description: 9+ pages, 6 figures
Observational signatures of past mass-exchange episodes in massive binaries: The case of HD 149 404
Creators: name: Raucq, F.
name: Rauw, G.
name: Gosset, E.
name: Nazé, Y.
name: Mahy, L.
name: Hervé, A.
name: Martins, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mass and momentum exchanges in close massive binaries play an important role in their evolution, and produce several observational signatures such as asynchronous rotation and altered chemical compositions, that remain after the stars detach again. We investigated these effects for the detached massive O-star binary HD 149404 (O7.5If + ON9.7I, P = 9.81 days), which is thought to have experienced a past episode of case A Roche-lobe overflow (RLOF). Using phase-resolved spectroscopy, we performed the disentangling of the optical spectra of the two stars. The reconstructed primary and secondary spectra were then analysed with the CMFGEN model atmosphere code to determine stellar parameters, such as the effective temperatures and surface gravities, and to constrain the chemical composition of the components. We complemented the optical study with the study of IUE spectra, which we compare to the synthetic binary spectra. The properties of the stars were compared to evolutionary models. We confirmed a strong overabundance in nitrogen ($\left[\rm N/C\right]\sim150\left[\rm N/C\right]_{\odot}$) for the secondary and a slight nitrogen overabundance ($\left[\rm N/C\right]\sim5\left[\rm N/C\right]_{\odot}$) for the primary star. Comparing the two stars, we found evidence for asynchronous rotation, with a rotational period ratio of $0.50 \pm 0.11$. The hypothesis of a past case A RLOF interaction in HD 149404 is most plausible to explain its chemical abundances and rotational asynchronicity. Some of the observed properties, such as the abundance pattern, are clearly a challenge for current case A binary evolution models, however.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Universal relations for rotating Boson Stars
Creators: name: Adam, Christoph
name: Castelo, Jorge
name: Martín-Caro, Alberto García
name: Huidobro, Miguel
name: Vázquez, Ricardo
name: Wereszczynski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boson stars represent a hypothetical exotic type of compact stellar object that may be observed from the gravitational signal of coalescing binaries in current and future GW detectors. In this work we show that the moment of inertia $I$, the (dimensionless) angular momentum $χ$ and the quadrupole moment $Q$ of rotating boson stars obey a universal relation, valid for a wide set of boson star models. Further, the obtained $I-χ-Q~$ relation clearly differs from its famous neutron star counterpart, providing us with an unequivocal diagnostic tool to distinguish boson stars from ordinary compact stars or other celestial bodies in GW observations. Such universal (i.e. model-independent) relations also provide a useful tool to probe the strong gravity regime of general relativity and to constrain the equation of state of matter inside compact stars.
description: 12 pages, 20 figures. In this current version, we have changed the format and the Appendix
Spectral estimation for Hamiltonians: a comparison between classical imaginary-time evolution and quantum real-time evolution
Creators: name: Stroeks, Maarten
name: Helsen, Jonas
name: Terhal, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a classical Monte Carlo (MC) scheme which efficiently estimates an imaginary-time, decaying signal for stoquastic (i.e. sign-problem-free) local Hamiltonians. The decay rates in this signal correspond to Hamiltonian eigenvalues (with associated eigenstates present in an input state) and can be classically extracted using a classical signal processing method like ESPRIT. We compare the efficiency of this MC scheme to its quantum counterpart in which one extracts eigenvalues of a general local Hamiltonian from a real-time, oscillatory signal obtained through quantum phase estimation circuits, again using the ESPRIT method. We prove that the ESPRIT method can resolve S = poly(n) eigenvalues, assuming a 1/poly(n) gap between them, with poly(n) quantum and classical effort through the quantum phase estimation circuits, assuming efficient preparation of the input state. We prove that our Monte Carlo scheme plus the ESPRIT method can resolve S = O(1) eigenvalues, assuming a 1/poly(n) gap between them, with poly(n) purely classical effort for stoquastic Hamiltonians, requiring some access structure to the input state. However, we also show that under these assumptions, i.e. S = O(1) eigenvalues, assuming a 1/poly(n) gap between them and some access structure to the input state, one can achieve this with poly(n) purely classical effort for general local Hamiltonians. These results thus quantify some opportunities and limitations of classical Monte Carlo methods for spectral estimation of Hamiltonians. We numerically compare the MC eigenvalue estimation scheme (for stoquastic Hamiltonians) and the QPE eigenvalue estimation scheme by implementing them for an archetypal stoquastic Hamiltonian system: the transverse field Ising chain.
description: Included results on dequantization
Asymptotics of three-body bound state radial wave functions of halo nuclei involving two charged particles
Creators: name: Yarmukhamedov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotic expressions for the radial and full wave functions of a three{body bound halo nuclear system with two charged particles in relative coordinates are obtained in explicit form, when the relative distance between two particles tends to infinity. The obtained asymptotic forms are applied to the analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the three-body (pn?) wave functions for the halo ($E^*=3.562$ MeV, $J^π=0^+$, $T=1$) state of $^6$Li derived by D. Baye within the Lagrange-mesh method for two forms of the $αN$ -potential. The agreement between the calculated wave function and the asymptotic formula is excellent for distances up to 30 fm. Information about the values of the three-body asymptotic normalization functions is extracted. It is shown that the extracted values of the three-body asymptotic normalization function are sensitive to the form of the $αN$ -potential. The mirror symmetry is revealed for the three-body asymptotic normalization functions derived for the isobaric ($^6$He, $^6$Li) pair.
Capturing positive network attributes during the estimation of recursive logit models: A prism-based approach
Creators: name: Oyama, Yuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although the recursive logit (RL) model has been recently popular and has led to many applications and extensions, an important numerical issue with respect to the computation of value functions remains unsolved. This issue is particularly significant for model estimation, during which the parameters are updated every iteration and may violate the feasibility condition of the value function. To solve this numerical issue of the value function in the model estimation, this study performs an extensive analysis of a prism-constrained RL (Prism-RL) model proposed by Oyama and Hato (2019), which has a path set constrained by the prism defined based upon a state-extended network representation. The numerical experiments have shown two important properties of the Prism-RL model for parameter estimation. First, the prism-based approach enables estimation regardless of the initial and true parameter values, even in cases where the original RL model cannot be estimated due to the numerical problem. We also successfully captured a positive effect of the presence of street green on pedestrian route choice in a real application. Second, the Prism-RL model achieved better fit and prediction performance than the RL model, by implicitly restricting paths with large detour or many loops. Defining the prism-based path set in a data-oriented manner, we demonstrated the possibility of the Prism-RL model describing more realistic route choice behavior. The capture of positive network attributes while retaining the diversity of path alternatives is important in many applications such as pedestrian route choice and sequential destination choice behavior, and thus the prism-based approach significantly extends the practical applicability of the RL model.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures
Approximation of Schrödinger operators with $δ$-interactions supported on hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Behrndt, Jussi
name: Exner, Pavel
name: Holzmann, Markus
name: Lotoreichik, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a Schrödinger operator $A_{δ, α}$ with a $δ$-interaction of strength $α$ supported on a bounded or unbounded $C^2$-hypersurface $Σ\subset \mathbb{R}^d$, $d\ge 2$, can be approximated in the norm resolvent sense by a family of Hamiltonians with suitably scaled regular potentials. The differential operator $A_{δ, α}$ with a singular interaction is regarded as a self-adjoint realization of the formal differential expression $-Δ- α\langle δ_Σ, \cdot \rangle δ_Σ$, where $α\colonΣ\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is an arbitrary bounded measurable function. We discuss also some spectral consequences of this approximation result.
title: Performance of a limestone-based coupled fluidized bed reactor system aiming CO2 capture in a 300 kWth pilot plant
Creators: name: Hofmann, Carina
name: Greco-Coppi, Martin
name: Ströhle, Jochen
name: Epple, Bernd
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2024

description: The carbonate looping (CaL) process is a promising efficient CO2 capture technology aiming at the decarbonisation of the cement and lime industries. The CaL is based on the reversible carbonation reaction of limestone, which comprises synergies with lime and cement plants since both process make use of limestone. A novel development of this process is the indirectly heated carbonate looping process (IHCaL), having the advantage over the standard CaL that no air separation unit (ASU) is necessary to generate the heat for calcination. Recently, 400 h of testing at a 300 kWth pilot plant were performed under conditions that are close to industrial applications for the cement and lime industry. The test rig consists of three coupled fluidized bed reactors: two bubbling fluidized bed reactors (BFB), calciner and combustor, and one circulating fluidized bed reactor (CFB), carbonator, while the system of calciner and carbonator are coupled through circulation of the solid sorbent. In this study, different operational conditions – such as variations in particle size distribution of the limestone, fluidization velocity, and solid inventory – are assessed and compared with regard to the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behaviour of the fluidized bed system as well as the process performance.
Free-induction-decay magnetic field imaging with a microfabricated Cs vapor cell
Creators: name: Hunter, D.
name: Perrella, C.
name: McWilliam, A.
name: McGilligan, J. P.
name: Mrozowski, M.
name: Ingleby, S. J.
name: Griffin, P. F.
name: Burt, D.
name: Luiten, A. N.
name: Riis, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic field imaging is a valuable resource for signal source localization and characterization. This work reports an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) based on the free-induction-decay (FID) protocol, that implements microfabricated cesium (Cs) vapor cell technology to visualize the magnetic field distributions resulting from various magnetic sources placed close to the cell. The slow diffusion of Cs atoms in the presence of a nitrogen (N$_{2}$) buffer gas enables spatially independent measurements to be made within the same vapor cell by translating a $175\,μ$m probe beam over the sensing area. For example, the OPM was used to record temporal and spatial information to reconstruct magnetic field distributions in one and two dimensions. The optimal magnetometer sensitivity was estimated to be 0.43$\,\mathrm{pT/\sqrt{Hz}}$ within a Nyquist limited bandwidth of $500\,$Hz. Furthermore, the sensor's dynamic range exceeds the Earth's field of approximately $50\,μ$T, which provides a framework for magnetic field imaging in unshielded environments.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Using Differential Evolution to avoid local minima in Variational Quantum Algorithms
Creators: name: Faílde, Daniel
name: Viqueira, José Daniel
name: Juane, Mariamo Mussa
name: Gómez, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are among the most promising NISQ-era algorithms for harnessing quantum computing in diverse fields. However, the underlying optimization processes within these algorithms usually deal with local minima and barren plateau problems, preventing them from scaling efficiently. Our goal in this paper is to study alternative optimization methods that can avoid or reduce the effect of these problems. To this end, we propose to apply the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to VQAs optimizations. Our hypothesis is that DE is resilient to vanishing gradients and local minima for two main reasons: (i) it does not depend on gradients, and (ii) its mutation and recombination schemes allow DE to continue evolving even in these cases. To demonstrate the performance of our approach, first, we use a robust local minima problem to compare state-of-the-art local optimizers (SLSQP, COBYLA, L-BFGS-B and SPSA) against DE using the Variational Quantum Eigensolver algorithm. Our results show that DE always outperforms local optimizers. In particular, in exact simulations of a 1D Ising chain with 14 qubits, DE achieves the ground state with a 100\% success rate, while local optimizers only exhibit around 40\%. We also show that combining DE with local optimizers increases the accuracy of the energy estimation once avoiding local minima. Finally, we demonstrate how our results can be extended to more complex problems by studying DE performance in a 1D Hubbard model.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
The extinction and dust-to-gas structure of the planetary nebula NGC 7009 observed with MUSE
Creators: name: Walsh, J. R.
name: Monreal-Ibero, A.
name: Barlow, M. J.
name: Ueta, T.
name: Wesson, R.
name: Zijlstra, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large field and wavelength range of MUSE is well suited to mapping Galactic planetary nebulae (PN). The bright PN NGC 7009 was observed with MUSE on the VLT during the Science Verification of the instrument in seeing of 0.6". Emission line maps in hydrogen Balmer and Paschen lines were formed from analysis of the MUSE cubes. The measured electron temperature and density from the MUSE cube were employed to predict the theoretical hydrogen line ratios and map the extinction distribution across the nebula. After correction for the interstellar extinction to NGC 7009, the internal dust-to-gas ratio (A_V/N_H) has been mapped for the first time in a PN. The extinction map of NGC 7009 has considerable structure, broadly corresponding to the morphological features of the nebula. A large-scale feature in the extinction map, consisting of a crest and trough, occurs at the rim of the inner shell. The nature of this feature was investigated and instrumental and physical causes considered; no convincing mechanisms were identified to produce this feature, other than mass loss variations in the earlier asymptotic giant branch phase. The dust-to-gas ratio A_V/N_H increases from 0.7 times the interstellar value to >5 times from the centre towards the periphery of the ionized nebula. The integrated A_V/N_H is about 2 times the mean ISM value. It is demonstrated that extinction mapping with MUSE provides a powerful tool for studying the distribution of PN internal dust and the dust-to-gas ratio. (Abridged.)
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by A&A
Enriching the quantum toolbox of ultracold molecules with Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Wang, Kenneth
name: Williams, Conner P.
name: Picard, Lewis R. B.
name: Yao, Norman Y.
name: Ni, Kang-Kuen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a quantum information architecture consisting of a hybrid array of optically-trapped molecules and atoms. This design leverages the large transition dipole moments of Rydberg atoms to mediate fast, high-fidelity gates between qubits encoded in coherent molecular degrees of freedom. Error channels of detuning, decay, pulse area noise, and leakage to other molecular states are discussed. The molecule-Rydberg interaction can also be used to enable nondestructive molecule detection and rotational state readout. We consider a specific near-term implementation of this scheme using NaCs molecules and Cs Rydberg atoms, showing that it is possible to implement 300~ns gates with a potential fidelity of $> 99.9\%$.
Trichopria striata Notton 1993
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mymaridae
Trichopria
Trichopria striata

description: Trichopria striata Notton, 1993: 141, figs 14-21.
Valid name
Trichopria striata Notton, 1993.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.885, by original designation. Paratype ♂.
Primary type data
NCC fen survey/ water/ trap; UK: W. Norfolk / Brancaster / TF 768443/ 2- 16.9.1988: A.Foster; ♀ Holotype / Trichopria striata / Notton, D.G., 1992.
Type locality
England, Norfolk, Brancaster.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 104, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Infrastructure-based End-to-End Learning and Prevention of Driver Failure
Creators: name: Buckman, Noam
name: Sreeram, Shiva
name: Lechner, Mathias
name: Ban, Yutong
name: Hasani, Ramin
name: Karaman, Sertac
name: Rus, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Intelligent intersection managers can improve safety by detecting dangerous drivers or failure modes in autonomous vehicles, warning oncoming vehicles as they approach an intersection. In this work, we present FailureNet, a recurrent neural network trained end-to-end on trajectories of both nominal and reckless drivers in a scaled miniature city. FailureNet observes the poses of vehicles as they approach an intersection and detects whether a failure is present in the autonomy stack, warning cross-traffic of potentially dangerous drivers. FailureNet can accurately identify control failures, upstream perception errors, and speeding drivers, distinguishing them from nominal driving. The network is trained and deployed with autonomous vehicles in the MiniCity. Compared to speed or frequency-based predictors, FailureNet's recurrent neural network structure provides improved predictive power, yielding upwards of 84% accuracy when deployed on hardware.
description: 8 pages. Accepted to ICRA 2023
Polariton states in circuit QED for electromagnetically induced transparency
Creators: name: Gu, Xiu
name: Huai, Sai-nan
name: Nori, Franco
name: Liu, Yu-xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been extensively studied in various systems. However, it is not easy to observe in superconducting quantum circuits (SQCs), because the Rabi frequency of the strong controlling field corresponding to EIT is limited by the decay rates of the SQCs. Here, we show that EIT can be achieved by engineering decay rates in a superconducting circuit QED system through a classical driving field on the qubit. Without such a driving field, the superconducting qubit and the cavity field are approximately decoupled in the large detuning regime, and thus the eigenstates of the system are approximately product states of the cavity field and qubit states. However, the driving field can strongly mix these product states and so-called polariton states can be formed. The weights of the states for the qubit and cavity field in the polariton states can be tuned by the driving field, and thus the decay rates of the polariton states can be changed. We choose a three-level system with $Λ$-type transitions in such a driven circuit QED system, and demonstrate how EIT and ATS can be realized in this compound system. We believe that this study will be helpful for EIT experiments using SQCs.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Learning Implicit Priors for Motion Optimization
Creators: name: Urain, Julen
name: Le, An T.
name: Lambert, Alexander
name: Chalvatzaki, Georgia
name: Boots, Byron
name: Peters, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we focus on the problem of integrating Energy-based Models (EBM) as guiding priors for motion optimization. EBMs are a set of neural networks that can represent expressive probability density distributions in terms of a Gibbs distribution parameterized by a suitable energy function. Due to their implicit nature, they can easily be integrated as optimization factors or as initial sampling distributions in the motion optimization problem, making them good candidates to integrate data-driven priors in the motion optimization problem. In this work, we present a set of required modeling and algorithmic choices to adapt EBMs into motion optimization. We investigate the benefit of including additional regularizers in the learning of the EBMs to use them with gradient-based optimizers and we present a set of EBM architectures to learn generalizable distributions for manipulation tasks. We present multiple cases in which the EBM could be integrated for motion optimization and evaluate the performance of learned EBMs as guiding priors for both simulated and real robot experiments.
description: 17 pages, accepted at IEEE/RSJ IROS 2022, paper website: https://sites.google.com/view/implicit-priors/home
A Generalised Deep Meta-Learning Model for Automated Quality Control of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Images
Creators: name: Nabavi, Shahabedin
name: Simchi, Hossein
name: Moghaddam, Mohsen Ebrahimi
name: Abin, Ahmad Ali
name: Frangi, Alejandro F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a powerful modality in functional and anatomical assessment for various cardiovascular diseases. Sufficient image quality is essential to achieve proper diagnosis and treatment. A large number of medical images, the variety of imaging artefacts, and the workload of imaging centres are among the things that reveal the necessity of automatic image quality assessment (IQA). However, automated IQA requires access to bulk annotated datasets for training deep learning (DL) models. Labelling medical images is a tedious, costly and time-consuming process, which creates a fundamental challenge in proposing DL-based methods for medical applications. This study aims to present a new method for CMR IQA when there is limited access to annotated datasets. Methods: The proposed generalised deep meta-learning model can evaluate the quality by learning tasks in the prior stage and then fine-tuning the resulting model on a small labelled dataset of the desired tasks. This model was evaluated on the data of over 6,000 subjects from the UK Biobank for five defined tasks, including detecting respiratory motion, cardiac motion, Aliasing and Gibbs ringing artefacts and images without artefacts. Results: The results of extensive experiments show the superiority of the proposed model. Besides, comparing the model's accuracy with the domain adaptation model indicates a significant difference by using only 64 annotated images related to the desired tasks. Conclusion: The proposed model can identify unknown artefacts in images with acceptable accuracy, which makes it suitable for medical applications and quality assessment of large cohorts.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables
Worldsheet theory of light-cone gauge noncritical strings on higher genus Riemann surfaces
Creators: name: Ishibashi, Nobuyuki
name: Murakami, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is possible to formulate light-cone gauge string field theory in noncritical dimensions. Such a theory corresponds to conformal gauge worldsheet theory with nonstandard longitudinal part. We study the longitudinal part of the worldsheet theory on higher genus Riemann surfaces. The results in this paper shall be used to study the dimensional regularization of light-cone gauge string field theory.
description: 42 pages, 2 figures; v2: Title changed
Additional file 1 of Validation and reliability for the updated REAP-S dietary screener, (Rapid Eating Assessment of Participants, Short Version, v.2)
Creators: name: Shankar, Viswanathan
name: Thompson, Kathryn H.
name: Wylie-Rosett, Judith
name: Segal-Isaacson, C. J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Dendrograms of The Subscale Data Derived from Cluster Analysis. REAP-S v.2 (Rapid Eating Assessment for PARTICIPANTS, Shortened version, v.2) Scale.
Learning a Practical SDR-to-HDRTV Up-conversion using New Dataset and Degradation Models
Creators: name: Guo, Cheng
name: Fan, Leidong
name: Xue, Ziyu
name: Jiang, and Xiuhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In media industry, the demand of SDR-to-HDRTV up-conversion arises when users possess HDR-WCG (high dynamic range-wide color gamut) TVs while most off-the-shelf footage is still in SDR (standard dynamic range). The research community has started tackling this low-level vision task by learning-based approaches. When applied to real SDR, yet, current methods tend to produce dim and desaturated result, making nearly no improvement on viewing experience. Different from other network-oriented methods, we attribute such deficiency to training set (HDR-SDR pair). Consequently, we propose new HDRTV dataset (dubbed HDRTV4K) and new HDR-to-SDR degradation models. Then, it's used to train a luminance-segmented network (LSN) consisting of a global mapping trunk, and two Transformer branches on bright and dark luminance range. We also update assessment criteria by tailored metrics and subjective experiment. Finally, ablation studies are conducted to prove the effectiveness. Our work is available at: https://github.com/AndreGuo/HDRTVDM.
description: Accepted by CVPR2023
Hybrid Quantum-Classical Heuristic for the Bin Packing Problem
Creators: name: de Andoin, Mikel Garcia
name: Osaba, Eneko
name: Oregi, Izaskun
name: Villar-Rodriguez, Esther
name: Sanz, Mikel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimization problems is one of the most challenging applications of quantum computers, as well as one of the most relevants. As a consequence, it has attracted huge efforts to obtain a speedup over classical algorithms using quantum resources. Up to now, many problems of different nature have been addressed through the perspective of this revolutionary computation paradigm, but there are still many open questions. In this work, a hybrid classical-quantum approach is presented for dealing with the one-dimensional Bin Packing Problem (1dBPP). The algorithm comprises two modules, each one designed for being executed in different computational ecosystems. First, a quantum subroutine seeks a set of feasible bin configurations of the problem at hand. Secondly, a classical computation subroutine builds complete solutions to the problem from the subsets given by the quantum subroutine. Being a hybrid solver, we have called our method H-BPP. To test our algorithm, we have built 18 different 1dBPP instances as a benchmarking set, in which we analyse the fitness, the number of solutions and the performance of the QC subroutine. Based on these figures of merit we verify that H-BPP is a valid technique to address the 1dBPP.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, submitted to the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2022 (GECCO 2022)
Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) Is Associated with Cartilage Thickness in End-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Schadler, Paul
name: Lohberger, Birgit
name: Thauerer, Bettina
name: Faschingbauer, Martin
name: Kullich, Werner
name: Stradner, Martin Helmut
name: Husic, Rusmir
name: Leithner, Andreas
name: Steinecker-Frohnwieser, Bibiane
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound
subject: Obesity
subject: Biomarkers
subject: FABP4
subject: Knee
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health

description: Background There is no single blood biomarker for the staging of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of obesity, serum biomarkers, the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA) with sonographic cartilage thickness. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of n = 33 patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. Body mass index (BMI) was recorded, and patients were grouped based on BMI. Serum blood samples were collected, and the following biomarkers were measured using the ELISA technique (subgroup of n = 23): oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), fatty acid–binding protein 4 (FABP4), membrane-bound phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A). The HKAA was analyzed on full-length limb standing x-ray images. Cartilage thickness was assessed on ultrasound images. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to account for confounding. Results After adjusting for age, gender, and HKAA, obese patients had thicker medial femoral cartilage (β = 0.165, P = 0.041). Furthermore, lateral cartilage thickness was negatively correlated with FABP4 level after adjusting for of age, gender, BMI, and HKAA (β = −0.006, P = 0.001). Confirming previous studies, after adjustment, FABP4 level was associated with a higher BMI group (β = 42.99, P < 0.001). None of the other markers (oxLDL, PLA2G2A, and sRAGE) was associated with BMI or cartilage thickness. Discussion Our results indicate that BMI has a weak, positive association with cartilage thickness in end-stage KOA patients. FABP4 levels were negatively associated with cartilage thickness. While our study is limited by a small sample size, these results further highlight the role of FABP4 as promising biomarkers of burden of disease in KOA. © In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Inclusive and multiplicity dependent production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp and p$-$Pb collisions
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV at midrapidity with the ALICE detector are presented down to a transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) of 0.2 GeV$/c$ and up to $p_{\rm T} = 35$ GeV$/c$, which is the largest momentum range probed for inclusive electron measurements in ALICE. In p$-$Pb collisions, the production cross section and the nuclear modification factor of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays are measured in the $p_{\rm T}$ range $0.5 < p_{\rm T} < 26$ GeV$/c$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 8.16$ TeV. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. In both collision systems, first measurements of the yields of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in different multiplicity intervals normalised to the multiplicity-integrated yield (self-normalised yield) at midrapidity are reported as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity estimated at midrapidity. The self-normalised yields in pp and p$-$Pb collisions grow faster than linear with the self-normalised multiplicity. A strong $p_{\rm T}$ dependence is observed in pp collisions, where the yield of high-$p_{\rm T}$ electrons increases faster as a function of multiplicity than the one of low-$p_{\rm T}$ electrons. The measurement in p$-$Pb collisions shows no $p_{\rm T}$ dependence within uncertainties. The self-normalised yields in pp and p$-$Pb collisions are compared with measurements of other heavy-flavour, light-flavour, and strange particles, and with Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 46 pages, 17 captioned figures, 8 tables, authors from page 41, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/9209
Imprinting persistent currents in tunable fermionic rings
Creators: name: Del Pace, G.
name: Xhani, K.
name: Falconi, A. Muzi
name: Fedrizzi, M.
name: Grani, N.
name: Rajkov, D. Hernandez
name: Inguscio, M.
name: Scazza, F.
name: Kwon, W. J.
name: Roati, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Persistent currents in annular geometries have played an important role in disclosing the quantum phase coherence of superconductors and mesoscopic electronic systems. Ultracold atomic gases in multiply connected traps also exhibit long-lived supercurrents, and have attracted much interest both for fundamental studies of superfluid dynamics and as prototypes for atomtronic circuits. Here, we report on the realization of supercurrents in homogeneous, tunable fermionic rings. We gain exquisite, rapid control over quantized persistent currents in all regimes of the BCS-BEC crossover through a universal phase-imprinting technique, attaining on-demand circulations $w$ as high as 9. High-fidelity read-out of the superfluid circulation state is achieved by exploiting an interferometric protocol, which also yields local information about the superfluid phase around the ring. In the absence of externally introduced perturbations, we find the induced metastable supercurrents to be as long-lived as the atomic sample. Conversely, we trigger and inspect the supercurrent decay by inserting a single small obstacle within the ring. For circulations higher than a critical value, the quantized current is observed to dissipate via the emission of vortices, i.e., quantized phase slips, which we directly image, in good agreement with numerical simulations. The critical circulation at which the superflow becomes unstable is found to depend starkly on the interaction strength, taking its maximum value for the unitary Fermi gas. Our results demonstrate fast and accurate control of quantized collective excitations in a macroscopic quantum system, and establish strongly interacting fermionic superfluids as excellent candidates for atomtronic applications.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures
Case report: two cases of rhabdomyolysis following esketamine treatment
Creators: name: Zeiss, René
name: Schweizer, Melissa
name: Connemann, Bernhard
name: Malejko, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Esketamine
subject: Rhabdomyolysis
subject: Treatment-resistant depression
subject: Case report
subject: Adverse drug reaction
subject: ADR
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health

description: Major depressive disorder is a mental disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. A considerable proportion of patients demonstrate a lack of response to conventional treatment. With the recent introduction of esketamine, a new treatment option has been approved for treatment-resistant depression. Although the medication is efficacious in a substantial portion of cases, rare, but possibly serious, adverse effects may occur. This case series shows two cases of rhabdomyolysis, a destruction of muscle tissue with elevated creatine kinase levels, after administration of esketamine. The first case presented is about a 33 year old male patient who suffered from a severe episode of a depressive disorder. He got nasal esketamine as an emergency treatment. While there was an initial improvement regarding the depressive symptoms, the patient developed muscle pain and fatigue after the administration of the fourth dose, with creatine kinase (CK) levels above 22,000 U/L, indicating rhabdomyolysis. Following the discontinuation of esketamine and the implementation of supportive care, the CK levels returned to normal and the depressive symptoms abated. The second case is about a 22-year-old male patient who also suffered from a severe depressive episode and got eketamine as an emergency treatment. Following the tenth dose, the patient exhibited muscle weakness and elevated CK levels (8,032 U/L), which persisted even after dose reduction. Esketamine administration was stopped, and the following monitoring demonstrated a slow return to normal levels of CK and liver enzymes. In both cases, there was no known medical history and both patients developed rhabdomyolysis after administration of esketamine. The temporal connection suggests a possible causal relationship. We found no literature on esketamine-induced rhabdomyolysis following the administration of nasal esketamine. However, these two cases emphasize the need of monitoring for laboratory changes like elevated CK-levels in patients receiving esketamine, especially considering its growing use in treatment-resistant depression. © In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Characterization of the Very Low Mass Secondary in the GJ 660.1AB System
Creators: name: Aganze, Christian
name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Faherty, Jacqueline K.
name: Choban, Caleb
name: Escala, Ivanna
name: Lopez, Mike A.
name: Jin, Yuhui
name: Tamiya, Tomoki
name: Tallis, Melisa
name: Rockward, Willie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic analysis of the low mass binary star system GJ 660.1AB, a pair of nearby M dwarfs for which we have obtained separated near-infrared spectra (0.9-2.5 $μ$m) with the SpeX spectrograph. The spectrum of GJ 660.1B is distinctly peculiar, with a triangular-shaped 1.7 $μ$m peak that initially suggests it to be a low surface gravity, young brown dwarf. However, we rule out this hypothesis and determine instead that this companion is a mild subdwarf (d/sdM7) based on the subsolar metallicity of the primary, [Fe/H] = $-$0.63$\pm$0.06. Comparison of the near-infrared spectrum of GJ 660.1B to two sets of spectral models yields conflicting results, with a common effective temperature T$_{eff}$ = 2550-2650 K, but alternately low surface gravity ($\log{g}$ = 4.4$\pm$0.5 cgs) and very low metallicity ([M/H] = $-$0.96$^{+0.19}_{-0.24}$), or high surface gravity ($\log{g}$ = 5.0-5.5) and slightly subsolar metallicity ([M/H] =$-$0.20$^{+0.13}_{-0.19}$). We conjecture that insufficient condensate opacity and excessive collision induced H$_2$ absorption in the models bias them toward low surface gravities and a metallicity inconsistent with the primary, and points toward improvements needed in the spectral modeling of metal-poor, very-low mass dwarfs. The peculiar spectral characteristics of GJ 660.1B emphasize that care is needed when interpreting surface gravity features in the spectra of ultracool dwarfs.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication to AJ
Scalable Heteronuclear Architecture of Neutral Atoms Based on EIT
Creators: name: Farouk, Ahmed M.
name: Beterov, I. I.
name: Xu, Peng
name: Ryabtsev, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on our recent paper [arXiv:2206.12176 (2022)], we propose a scalable heteronuclear architecture of parallel implementation of CNOT gates in arrays of alkali-metal neutral atoms for quantum information processing. We considered a scheme where we perform CNOT gates in a parallel manner within the array, while they are performed sequentially between the pairs of neighboring qubits by coherently transporting an array of atoms of one atomic species (ancilla qubits) using an array of mobile optical dipole traps generated by a 2D acousto-optic deflector (AOD). The atoms of the second atomic species (data qubits) are kept in the array of static optical dipole traps generated by spatial light modulator (SLM). The moving ancillas remain in the superposition of their logical ground states without loss of coherence, while their transportation paths avoid overlaps with the spatial positions of data atoms. We numerically optimized the system parameters to achieve the fidelity for parallelly implemented CNOT gates around $\mathcal{F}=95\%$ for the experimentally feasible conditions. Our design can be useful for implementation of surface codes for quantum error correction. Renyi entropy and mutual information are also investigated to characterize the gate performance.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures