cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MOESM1 of Trajectories of Haemoglobin and incident stroke risk: a longitudinal cohort study
Creators: name: Dayimu, Alimu
name: Qian, Wendi
name: Fan, Bingbing
name: Wang, Chunxia
name: Li, Jiangbing
name: Wang, Shukang
name: Ji, Xiaokang
name: Zhou, Guangshuai
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Xue, Fuzhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary information for Trajectories of Haemoglobin and incident stroke risk: a longitudinal cohort study. Figure S1. Flowchart showing numbers of patients excluded from the analysis. Table S1. Baseline characteristics of participants included and excluded (<â 3 haemoglobin assessments). Table S2. Latent Class Growth Mixture models (LCGMM) results of model fitting process. Table S3. Parameter estimates for the best fitting 3-class cubic latent class growth mixture model fitted to the haemoglobin data. Table S4. The baseline characteristics of the study population by haemoglobin trajectory classes and sex.
Automated segmentation of microtomography imaging of Egyptian mummies
Creators: name: Tanti, Marc
name: Berruyer, Camille
name: Tafforeau, Paul
name: Muscat, Adrian
name: Farrugia, Reuben
name: Scerri, Kenneth
name: Valentino, Gianluca
name: Solé, V. Armando
name: Briffa, Johann A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Propagation Phase Contrast Synchrotron Microtomography (PPC-SR$μ$CT) is the gold standard for non-invasive and non-destructive access to internal structures of archaeological remains. In this analysis, the virtual specimen needs to be segmented to separate different parts or materials, a process that normally requires considerable human effort. In the Automated SEgmentation of Microtomography Imaging (ASEMI) project, we developed a tool to automatically segment these volumetric images, using manually segmented samples to tune and train a machine learning model. For a set of four specimens of ancient Egyptian animal mummies we achieve an overall accuracy of 94-98% when compared with manually segmented slices, approaching the results of off-the-shelf commercial software using deep learning (97-99%) at much lower complexity. A qualitative analysis of the segmented output shows that our results are close in terms of usability to those from deep learning, justifying the use of these techniques.
A generic mechanism for adaptive growth rate regulation
Creators: name: Furusawa, Chikara
name: Kaneko, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: How can a microorganism adapt to a variety of environmental conditions despite there exists a limited number of signal transduction machineries? We show that for any growing cells whose gene expression is under stochastic fluctuations, adaptive cellular state is inevitably selected by noise, even without specific signal transduction network for it. In general, changes in protein concentration in a cell are given by its synthesis minus dilution and degradation, both of which are proportional to the rate of cell growth. In an adaptive state with a higher growth speed, both terms are large and balanced. Under the presence of noise in gene expression, the adaptive state is less affected by stochasticity since both the synthesis and dilution terms are large, while for a non-adaptive state both the terms are smaller so that cells are easily kicked out of the original state by noise. Hence, escape time from a cellular state and the cellular growth rate are negatively correlated. This leads to a selection of adaptive states with higher growth rates, and model simulations confirm this selection to take place in general. The results suggest a general form of adaptation that has never been brought to light - a process that requires no specific machineries for sensory adaptation. The present scheme may help explain a wide range of cellular adaptive responses including the metabolic flux optimization for maximal cell growth.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PLoS Computational Biology
Querying multiple sets of $p$-values through composed hypothesis testing
Creators: name: Mary-Huard, Tristan
name: Das, Sarmistha
name: Mukhopadhyay, Indranil
name: Robin, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivation: Combining the results of different experiments to exhibit complex patterns or to improve statistical power is a typical aim of data integration. The starting point of the statistical analysis often comes as sets of p-values resulting from previous analyses, that need to be combined in a flexible way to explore complex hypotheses, while guaranteeing a low proportion of false discoveries. Results: We introduce the generic concept of composed hypothesis, which corresponds to an arbitrary complex combination of simple hypotheses. We rephrase the problem of testing a composed hypothesis as a classification task, and show that finding items for which the composed null hypothesis is rejected boils down to fitting a mixture model and classify the items according to their posterior probabilities. We show that inference can be efficiently performed and provide a thorough classification rule to control for type I error. The performance and the usefulness of the approach are illustrated on simulations and on two different applications. The method is scalable, does not require any parameter tuning, and provided valuable biological insight on the considered application cases. Availability: The QCH methodology is implemented in the qch R package hosted on CRAN.
On the continuum of evolution: a putative new hybrid speciation event in Opuntia (Cactaceae) between a native and an introduced species in southern South America
Creators: name: Köhler, Matias
name: Oakley, Luis J.
name: Font, Fabián
name: Peñas, M. Laura Las
name: Majure, Lucas C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Hybridization plays a fundamental role in plant evolution and diversification, promoting gene flow, morphological novelties, and plant speciation. Here, we integrated fieldwork, collections-based research, morphological observations, molecular systematics, and cytogenetic data to investigate the identity of a previously unidentified taxon of Opuntia (the prickly pear cacti) observed in the north-east region of Argentina, southern South America. Our analyses revealed a cytonuclear phylogenetic discordance among nuclear and plastid genomes, as well as a polyploid nature of the studied taxon. Combining our molecular phylogenetic and cytogenetic analyses with morphological observations, we suggest that hybridization events between the native Opuntia rioplatensis and the North American introduced species, O. ficus-indica, likely produced the taxon here described as O. × cristalensis. Opuntia is the most widespread genus of Cactaceae, and many species have been introduced worldwide for an array of different purposes. Our report proposes the putative first hybridization event in Opuntia between a North American species with a southern South American lineage, which may shed light on more complex evolutionary scenarios, speciation within the group, and the impacts of species introduction.
Three new species of spiny mice, genus Neacomys Thomas, 1900 (Rodentia: Cricetidae), from Brazilian Amazonia
Creators: name: Semedo, Thiago Borges Fernandes
name: Da Silva, Maria Nazareth Ferreira
name: Carmignotto, Ana Paula
name: Rossi, Rogério Vieira
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Spiny mice of the genus Neacomys Thomas, 1900 are small oryzomyines that occur in forested habitats from Panama to central Bolivia. Previously known by only four species, systematic revisions provided great increase in genus species richness, which currently comprises 20 valid species. Herein we raise this number to 23, describing three new species of spiny mice. The new taxa are found in western and central Brazilian Amazonia in the states of Amazonas and Pará, and their geographic distribution are delimited by major rivers, being coincident with previously described Amazonian centers of endemism: (1) Neacomys aletheia, sp. nov., ranging from the right and left bank of the Rio Juruá, Amazonas state, Brazil to Loreto in Peru, from the Inambari center; (2) Neacomys jau, sp. nov., distributed between the Rio Negro and Rio Solimões, Amazonas state, Brazil, from the Imeri center; and (3) Neacomys elieceri, sp. nov., restricted to the Rondônia endemism center, between the Rio Tapajós and Rio Madeira, Pará state, Brazil. Previously reported more than 20 years ago as putative new species based on molecular and cytogenetic data, morphological analyses now reinforce the validity of these forms. Based on the analysis of 78 specimens, including name-bearing types from most of the distributional range of Neacomys, we formally describe and name these undescribed species. The new taxa can be distinguished from other closely related Neacomys by a set of qualitative traits, such as dorsal and ventral pelage coloration, tail color, morphology of the nasal bones, interorbital region, paraoccipital process, sphenopalatine foramen, incisive foramina, zygomatic plate, auditory bullae, foramen accessorius, anterocone and anteroloph of first upper molars, in association with cytochrome b gene sequences, and karyotype. These data increase the currently known Neacomys diversity, and also contribute to elevate Amazonian sigmodontinae species richness and endemism, in this yet poorly surveyed biome. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1721BB20-3542-4959-B95E-A36B0D522F39
A Geometrical Approach towards Entanglement
Creators: name: Basu, B.
name: Bandyopadhyay, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the concurrence of two-site entanglement and have shown that it is related to the geometric phase accumulated due to a complete rotation of the entangled state. The geometric phase and hence the concurrence is evaluated for transverse Ising model and antiferromagnetic chain which is found to be in good agreement with that obtained by other methods.
description: 7 pages, accepted in IJGMMP Vol 4, No. 5 (2007)
The Standard Model prediction for R_{e/mu}^{(pi,K)}
Creators: name: Cirigliano, Vincenzo
name: Rosell, Ignasi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ratios R_{e/mu}^{(P)} = Gamma(P -> e nu [gamma])/Gamma(P -> mu nu [gamma]) (P=pi,K) in Chiral Perturbation Theory to order e^2 p^4. We complement the two-loop effective theory results with a matching calculation of the counterterm, finding R_{e/mu}^{(pi)} = (1.2352 \pm 0.0001)*10^(-4) and R_{e/mu}^{(K)} = (2.477 \pm 0.001)*10^(-5).
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables
Charge and spin stripe in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$NiO$_{4}$ (x=1/3,1/2)
Creators: name: Yamamoto, S.
name: Fujiwara, T.
name: Hatsugai, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic structure of stripe ordered La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$NiO$_{4}$ is investigated. The system with x=1/3 is insulator, in LSDA+U calculations, and shows charge and spin stripe, consistent with the experimental results. Highly correlated system of x=1/2 is studied by using exact diagonalization of multi-orbital many body Hamiltonian derived from LDA calculations and including on-site and inter-site Coulomb interactions. The fluctuation of the residual spin on Ni$^{3+}$ (hole) site couples with the charge fluctuation between Ni$^{3+}$ and Ni$^{2+}$ states and this correlation lowers the total energy. The resultant ground state is insulator with charge and spin stripe of the energy gap 0.9eV, consistent with observed one. The on-site Coulomb interaction stabilizes integral valency of each Ni ion (Ni$^{3+}$ and Ni$^{2+}$), but does not induce the charge order. Two quantities, inter-site Coulomb interaction and anisotropy of hopping integrals, play an important role to form the charge and spin stripe order in a system of x=1/2.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, fully revised
Tracing PAHs and Warm Dust Emission in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068
Creators: name: Howell, Justin H.
name: Mazzarella, Joseph M.
name: Chan, Ben H. P.
name: Lord, Steven
name: Surace, Jason A.
name: Frayer, David T.
name: Appleton, P. N.
name: Armus, Lee
name: Evans, Aaron S.
name: Bothun, Greg
name: Ishida, Catherine M.
name: Kim, Dong-Chan
name: Jensen, Joseph B.
name: Madore, Barry F.
name: Sanders, David B.
name: Schulz, Bernhard
name: Vavilkin, Tatjana
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
name: Xu, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 using mid- and far- infrared data acquired with the IRAC, IRS, and MIPS instruments aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. The images show extensive 8 um and 24 um emission coinciding with star formation in the inner spiral approximately 15" (1 kpc) from the nucleus, and a bright complex of star formation 47" (3 kpc) SW of the nucleus. The brightest 8 um PAH emission regions coincide remarkably well with knots observed in an Halpha image. Strong PAH features at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 um are detected in IRS spectra measured at numerous locations inside, within, and outside the inner spiral. The IRAC colors and IRS spectra of these regions rule out dust heated by the AGN as the primary emission source; the SEDs are dominated by starlight and PAH emission. The equivalent widths and flux ratios of the PAH features in the inner spiral are generally consistent with conditions in a typical spiral galaxy ISM. Interior to the inner spiral, the influence of the AGN on the ISM is evident via PAH flux ratios indicative of a higher ionization parameter and a significantly smaller mean equivalent width than observed in the inner spiral. The brightest 8 and 24 um emission peaks in the disk of the galaxy, even at distances beyond the inner spiral, are located within the ionization cones traced by [O III]/Hbeta, and they are also remarkably well aligned with the axis of the radio jets. Although it is possible that radiation from the AGN may directly enhance PAH excitation or trigger the formation of OB stars that subsequently excite PAH emission at these locations in the inner spiral, the orientation of collimated radiation from the AGN and star formation knots in the inner spiral could be coincidental. (abridged)
description: 20 pages, 11 figures; AJ, accepted; full resolution version available at http://spider.ipac.caltech.edu/staff/jhhowell/astro/howelln1068.pdf
CAL 87 - an evolved wind-driven supersoft X-ray binary
Creators: name: Oliveira, A. S.
name: Steiner, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact binary supersoft X-ray sources (CBSS) are explained as being associated with hydrostatic nuclear burning on the surface of a white dwarf with high accretion rate. This high mass transfer rate has been suggested to be caused by dynamical instability, expected when the donor star is more massive than the accreting object. When the orbital period is smaller than ~6 hours, this mechanism does not work and the CBSS with such periods are believed to be fed by a distinct mechanism: the wind-driven accretion. Such a mechanism has been proposed to explain the properties of objects like SMC 13, T Pyx and V617 Sgr. One observational property that offers a critical test for discriminating between the above two possibilities is the orbital period change. As systems with wind-driven accretion evolve with increasing periods, some of them may reach quite long orbital periods. The above critical test may, therefore, also be applied to orbital periods longer than 6 hours. CAL 87 is an eclipsing system in the LMC with an orbital period of 10.6 hours that could provide the opportunity for testing the hypothesis of the system being powered by wind-driven accretion. We obtained eclipse timings for this system and show that its orbital period increases with a rate of P/Pdot = +7.2(+/-1.3) X 10^{6} years. Contrary to the common belief, we conclude that CAL 87 is the first confirmed case of a wind-driven CBSS with an orbital period longer than 6 hours. The system is probably an evolved object that had an initial secondary mass of M2i=0.63 solar masses but is currently reduced to about M2=0.34 solar masses. We discuss evidence that other CBSS, like CAL 83 and V Sge stars, like WX Cen, are probably also wind-driven systems. This may in fact be the rule, and systems with inverted mass ratio, the exception.
description: Four pages, accepted to be published as a Letter in A&A
Spectral characterisation of inertial particle clustering in turbulence
Creators: name: Haugen, N. E. L.
name: Brandenburg, A.
name: Sandin, C.
name: Mattsson, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clustering of inertial particles is important for many types of astrophysical and geophysical turbulence, but it has been studied predominately for incompressible flows. Here we study compressible flows and compare clustering in both compressively (irrotationally) and vortically (solenoidally) forced turbulence. Vortically and compressively forced flows are driven stochastically either by solenoidal waves or by circular expansion waves, respectively. For compressively forced flows, the power spectrum of the density of inertial particles is a useful tool for displaying particle clustering relative to the fluid density enhancement. Power spectra are shown to be particularly sensitive for studying large-scale particle clustering, while conventional tools such as radial distribution functions are more suitable for studying small-scale clustering. Our primary finding is that particle clustering through shock interaction is particularly prominent in turbulence driven by spherical expansion waves. It manifests itself through a double-peaked distribution of spectral power as a function of Stokes number. The two peaks are associated with two distinct clustering mechanisms; shock interaction for smaller Stokes numbers and the centrifugal sling effect for larger values. The clustering of inertial particles is associated with the formation of caustics. Such caustics can only be captured in the Lagrangian description, which allows us to assess the relative importance of caustics in vortically and compressively forced turbulence. We show that the statistical noise resulting from the limited number of particles in the Lagrangian description can be removed from the particle power spectra, allowing us a more detailed comparison of the residual spectra. We focus on the Epstein drag law relevant for rarefied gases, but show that our findings apply also to the usual Stokes drag.
description: 33 pages, 25 figures, 5 tables, J. Fluid Mech., in press
On the Quantum Chemical Nature of Lead(II) "Lone Pair"
Creators: name: Gourlaouen, Christophe
name: Piquemal, Jean-Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the quantum chemical nature of the Lead(II) valence basins, sometime called the Lead "lone pair". Using various chemical interpretation tools such as the molecular orbital analysis, Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO), Natural Population Analysis (NPA) and Electron Localization Function (ELF) topological analysis, we study a variety of Lead(II) complexes. A careful analysis of the results show that the optimal structures of the lead complexes are only govern by the 6s and 6p subshells whereas no involvement of the 5d orbitals is found. Similarly, we do not find any significant contribution of the 6d. Therefore, the Pb(II) complexation with its ligand can be explained through the interaction of the 6s2 electrons and the accepting 6p orbitals. We detail the potential structural and dynamical consequences of such electronic structure organization of the Pb (II) valence domain.
Using force covariance to derive effective stochastic interactions in dissipative particle dynamics
Creators: name: Eriksson, Anders
name: Jacobi, Martin Nilsson
name: Nyström, Johan
name: Tunstrøm, Kolbjørn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exist methods for determining effective conservative interactions in coarse grained particle based mesoscopic simulations. The resulting models can be used to capture thermal equilibrium behavior, but in the model system we study do not correctly represent transport properties. In this article we suggest the use of force covariance to determine the full functional form of dissipative and stochastic interactions. We show that a combination of the radial distribution function and a force covariance function can be used to determine all interactions in dissipative particle dynamics. Furthermore we use the method to test if the effective interactions in dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) can be adjusted to produce a force covariance consistent with a projection of a microscopic Lennard-Jones simulation. The results indicate that the DPD ansatz may not be consistent with the underlying microscopic dynamics. We discuss how this result relates to theoretical studies reported in the literature.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Electronic transport properties and quantum localization effects monitored by selective functionalization in Bernal bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Khabthani, Jouda Jemaa
name: Missaoui, Ahmed
name: Mayou, Didier
name: de Laissardière, Guy Trambly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monitoring electronic properties of 2D materials is an essential step to open a way for applications such as electronic devices and sensors. From this perspective, Bernal bilayer graphene (BLG) is a fairly simple system that offers great possibilities for tuning electronic gap and charge carriers' mobility by selective functionalization (adsorptions of atoms or molecules). Here, we present a detailed numerical study of BLG electronic properties when two types of adsorption site are present simultaneously. We focus on realistic cases that could be realized experimentally with adsorbate concentration c varying from 0.25% to 5%. For a given value of c, when the electronic doping is lower than c we show that quantum effects, which are ignored in usual semi-classical calculations, strongly affect the electronic structure and the transport properties. A wide range of behaviors is indeed found, such as gap opening, metallic behavior or abnormal conductivity, which depend on the adsorbate positions, the c value, the doping, and eventually the coupling between midgap states which can create a midgap band. These behaviors are understood by simple arguments based on the fact that BLG lattice is bipartite. We also analyze the conductivity at low temperature, where multiple scattering effects cannot be ignored. Moreover, when the Fermi energy lies in the band of midgap states, the average velocity of charge carriers cancels but conduction is still possible thanks to quantum fluctuations of the velocity.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
Thermodynamically stable noncomposite vortices in mesoscopic two-gap superconductors
Creators: name: Chibotaru, L. F.
name: Dao, V. H.
name: Ceulemans, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In mesoscopic two-gap superconductors with sizes of the order of the coherence length noncomposite vortices are found to be thermodynamically stable in a large domain of the $T - H$ phase diagram. In these phases the vortex cores of one condensate are spatially separated from the other condensate ones, and their respective distributions can adopt distinct symmetries. The appearance of these vortex phases is caused by a non-negligible effect of the boundary of the sample on the superconducting order parameter and represents therefore a genuine mesoscopic effect. For low values of interband Josephson coupling vortex patterns with $L_1 \neq L_2$ can arise in addition to the phases with $L_1 =L_2$, where $L_1$ and $L_2$ are total vorticities in the two condensates. The calculations show that noncomposite vortices could be observed in thin mesoscopic samples of MgB$_{2}$.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Europhysics Letters
Robust Sensor Fusion Algorithms Against Voice Command Attacks in Autonomous Vehicles
Creators: name: Guan, Jiwei
name: Zheng, Xi
name: Wang, Chen
name: Zhou, Yipeng
name: Jolfa, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With recent advances in autonomous driving, Voice Control Systems have become increasingly adopted as human-vehicle interaction methods. This technology enables drivers to use voice commands to control the vehicle and will be soon available in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Prior work has shown that Siri, Alexa and Cortana, are highly vulnerable to inaudible command attacks. This could be extended to ADAS in real-world applications and such inaudible command threat is difficult to detect due to microphone nonlinearities. In this paper, we aim to develop a more practical solution by using camera views to defend against inaudible command attacks where ADAS are capable of detecting their environment via multi-sensors. To this end, we propose a novel multimodal deep learning classification system to defend against inaudible command attacks. Our experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed defense methods and the best classification accuracy reaches 89.2%. Code is available at https://github.com/ITSEG-MQ/Sensor-Fusion-Against-VoiceCommand-Attacks.
description: 8 pages, 2 tables, 9 figures
Classical Spinning Branes in Curved Backgrounds
Creators: name: Vasilic, Milovan
name: Vojinovic, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of a classical branelike object in a curved background is derived from the covariant stress-energy conservation of the brane matter. The world sheet equations and boundary conditions are obtained in the pole-dipole approximation, where nontrivial brane thickness gives rise to its intrinsic angular momentum. It is shown that intrinsic angular momentum couples to both, the background curvature and the brane orbital degrees of freedom. The whole procedure is manifestly covariant with respect to spacetime diffeomorphisms and world sheet reparametrizations. In addition, two extra gauge symmetries are discovered and utilized. The examples of the point particle and the string in 4 spacetime dimensions are analyzed in more detail. A particular attention is paid to the Nambu-Goto string with massive spinning particles attached to its ends.
Irreducible three-loop contributions to the pressure in Yang-Mills thermodynamics
Creators: name: Kaviani, Dariush
name: Hofmann, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the effective theory for the deconfining phase of SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics we compute estimates for the moduli of the irreducible three-loop diagrams contributing to the pressure. Our numerical results are in agreement with general expectations.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
A New Technique for Galaxy Photometric Redshifts in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Wray, James J.
name: Gunn, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional photometric redshift methods use only color information about the objects in question to estimate their redshifts. This paper introduces a new method utilizing colors, luminosity, surface brightness, and radial light profile to measure the redshifts of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We take a statistical approach: distributions of galaxies from the SDSS Large-Scale Structure (LSS; spectroscopic) sample are constructed at a range of redshifts, and target galaxies are compared to these distributions. An adaptive mesh is implemented to increase the percentage of the parameter space populated by the LSS galaxies. We test the method on a subset of galaxies from the LSS sample, yielding rms Delta-z of 0.025 for red galaxies and 0.030 for blue galaxies (all with z < 0.25). Possible future improvements to this promising technique are described, as is our ongoing work to extend the method to galaxies at higher redshift.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, accepted to ApJ; added tables and references
Quark and Lepton Masses from Gaussian Landscapes
Creators: name: Hall, Lawrence J.
name: Salem, Michael P.
name: Watari, Taizan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flavor structure of the Standard Model might arise from random selection on a landscape. We propose a class of simple models, ``Gaussian landscapes,'' where Yukawa couplings derive from overlap integrals of Gaussian wavefunctions on extra-dimensions. Statistics of vacua are generated by scanning the peak positions of these zero-modes, giving probability distributions for all flavor observables. Gaussian landscapes can broadly account for all observed flavor patterns with very few free parameters. For example, the generation structure in the quark sector follows from the overlap integrals for both the up and down type Yukawas sharing the localized wavefunctions of the quark doublets and the Higgs boson. Although Gaussian landscapes predict broad probability distributions, the flavor observables are correlated and we show that accounting for measured flavor parameters creates sharper distributions for future neutrino measurements.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; v2: clarifications added; v3: slightly extended from version to appear in PRL
Light nuclei in galactic globular clusters : constraints on the self-enrichment scenario from nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Prantzos, Nikos
name: Charbonnel, Corinne
name: Iliadis, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen-burning is the root cause of the star-to-star abundance variations of light nuclei in Galactic globular clusters (GC). In the present work we constrain the physical conditions that gave rise to the observed abundance patterns of Li, C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, as well as Mg isotopes in the typical case of NGC6752. We perform nucleosynthesis calculations at constant temperature, adopting realistic initial abundances for the proto-cluster gas. We use a detailed nuclear reaction network and state-of-the-art nuclear reaction rates. Although simplistic, our analysis provides original results and new constraints on the self-enrichment scenario for GCs. Our parametrized calculations allow us to determine a narrow range of temperature where the observed extreme abundances of all light elements and isotopes in NGC6752 are nicely reproduced simultaneously. This agreement is obtained after mixing of the H-processed material with 30 % of unprocessed gas. The observed C-N, O-Na, Mg-Al, Li-Na and F-Na anticorrelations, as well as the behaviour of the Mg isotopes can be recovered by assuming mixing with even larger dilution factors. Li production by the stars that build up the other abundance anomalies is not mandatory in the case of NGC 6752. Observations of O, Na, Mg and Al constrain the temperature range for H-burning; such temperatures are encountered in the two main candidate ``polluters'' proposed for GCs, namely massive AGBs and the most massive main-sequence stars. (Abridged).
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Experimental evidence for an attractive p-$ϕ$ interaction
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a $ϕ$ meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined p-$ϕ\oplus \overline{\rm {p}}$-$ϕ$ pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}~=~13$ TeV by the ALICE collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-$ϕ$ interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednický-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-$ϕ$ interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-$ϕ$ scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-$ϕ$ coupling constant is found to be $g_{\rm{N}-ϕ} = 0.14\pm 0.03\,(\mathrm{stat.})\pm 0.02\,(\mathrm{syst.})$. This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-$ϕ$ interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium.
description: 18 pages, 2 captioned figure, 1 tables, authors from page 12, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/7086
Kaon-proton strong interaction at low relative momentum via femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum scattering processes between two particles, aspects characterizing the strong and Coulomb forces can be observed in kinematic distributions of the particle pairs. The sensitivity to the interaction potential reaches a maximum at low relative momentum and vanishing distance between the two particles. Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC provide an abundant source of many hadron species and can be employed as a measurement method of scattering parameters that is complementary to scattering experiments. This study confirms that momentum correlations of particles produced in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC provide an accurate measurement of kaon-proton scattering parameters at low relative momentum, allowing precise access to the $ {K}^{-} p\rightarrow {K}^{-} p$ process. This work also validates the femtoscopic measurement in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions as an alternative to scattering experiments and a complementary tool to the study of exotic atoms with comparable precision. In this work, the first femtoscopic measurement of momentum correlations of ${K}^{-} p\ ({K}^{+}\overline{p})$ and ${K}^{+}p ({K}^{-}\overline{p})$ pairs in Pb-Pb collisions at centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV registered by the ALICE experiment is reported. The components of the ${K}^{-} p$ complex scattering length are extracted and found to be $\Re f_0=-0.91\pm~{0.03}$(stat)$^{+0.17}_{-0.03}$(syst) and $\Im f_0 = 0.92\pm~{0.05}$(stat)$^{+0.12}_{-0.33}$(syst). The results are compared with chiral effective field theory predictions as well as with existing data from dedicated scattering and exotic kaonic atom experiments.
description: 25 pages, 3 captioned figure, 4 tables, authors from page 18, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/7088
Void Statistics in Large Galaxy Redshift Surveys: Does Halo Occupation of Field Galaxies Depend on Environment?
Creators: name: Tinker, Jeremy L.
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Patiri, Santiago G.
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Warren, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use measurements of the projected galaxy correlation function w_p and galaxy void statistics to test whether the galaxy content of halos of fixed mass is systematically different in low density environments. We present new measurements of the void probability function (VPF) and underdensity probability function (UPF) from Data Release Four of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, as well as new measurements of the VPF from the full data release of the Two-Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey. We compare these measurements to predictions calculated from models of the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) that are constrained to match both w_p and the space density of galaxies. The standard implementation of the HOD assumes that galaxy occupation depends on halo mass only, and is independent of local environment. For luminosity-defined samples, we find that the standard HOD prediction is a good match to the observations, and the data exclude models in which galaxy formation efficiency is reduced in low-density environments. More remarkably, we find that the void statistics of red and blue galaxies (at L ~ 0.4L_*) are perfectly predicted by standard HOD models matched to the correlation function of these samples, ruling out "assembly bias" models in which galaxy color is correlated with large-scale environment at fixed halo mass. We conclude that the luminosity and color of field galaxies are determined predominantly by the mass of the halo in which they reside and have little direct dependence on the environment in which the host halo formed. In broader terms, our results show that the sizes and emptiness of voids found in the distribution of L > 0.2L_* galaxies are in excellent agreement with the predictions of a standard cosmological model with a simple connection between galaxies and dark matter halos. (abridged)
description: 20 emulateapj pages, 9 figures. submitted to ApJ
Mastitis
Creators: name: Bushnell, Robert B.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1981

description: Most opportunities for a veterinarian to initiate a mastitis control program on a dairy occur because a dairyman is having mastitis related problems. If a veterinarian develops a planned approach aimed at solving the initial problem along with a long term goal of an extended control program, he usually will find the owner receptive. Progressive dairymen today are seeking ideas for stabilizing management procedures directed toward maintaining healthy herds and high production.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1981
Cosmic strings in generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Creators: name: da Silva, Hilberto M. R.
name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
name: Rosa, João Luís
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possible existence of gravitationally bound stringlike objects in the framework of the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity theory, in which the gravitational action is represented by an arbitrary function of the Ricci and of the Palatini scalars, respectively. The theory admits an equivalent scalar-tensor representation in terms of two independent scalar fields. Assuming cylindrical symmetry, and the boost invariance of the metric, we obtain the gravitational field equations that describe cosmic stringlike structures in the theory. The physical and geometrical properties of the cosmic strings are determined by the two scalar fields, as well by an effective field potential, functionally dependent on both scalar fields. The field equations can be exactly solved for a vanishing, and a constant potential, respectively, with the corresponding string tension taking both negative and positive values. Furthermore, for more general classes of potentials, having an additive and a multiplicative algebraic structure in the two scalar fields, the gravitational field equations are solved numerically. For each potential we investigate the effects of the variations of the potential parameters and of the boundary conditions on the structure of the cosmic string. In this way, we obtain a large class of stable stringlike astrophysical configurations, whose basic parameters (string tension and radius) depend essentially on the effective field potential, and on the boundary conditions.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in PRD
Invisible fencing in wood pasture - A utilização de vedações invisíveis em sistemas silvopastoris
Creators: name: CHINERY, Paul BURGESS With Francesca
name: ERIKSSON, George
name: PERSHAGEN, Erica
name: PÉREZ-CASENAVE, Cristina
name: GIANNITSOPOULOS, Michail
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: grazing
cattle
Epping Forest
recreational use forests
forest management costs
pastoreio
gado
Floresta de Epping
florestas de uso recreativo
custos de gestão florestal

description: Tradução da leaflet do Projeto AGFORWARD - As vedações invisíveis são uma inovação que permite controlar os movimentos do gado sem necessidade de barreiras físicas. Em áreas abertas, o gado pode ser equipado com um Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS), através do qual é emitido um sinal quando o animal se aproxima da orla do campo. Em sistemas silvopastoris com pastagem sob coberto arbóreo, dado o sinal intermitente do GPS, pode enterrar-se um cabo elétrico na superfície do solo que emite um sinal de rádio em ondas curtas, o qual é recebido por um transponder numa coleira colocada no animal. O transponder emite um sinal sonoro quando o animal se aproxima do limite e, se este não se afastar, dá um choque elétrico semelhante ao de uma vedação eletrificada.
The pion-nucleon sigma term from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Gupta, Rajan
name: Park, Sungwoo
name: Hoferichter, Martin
name: Mereghetti, Emanuele
name: Yoon, Boram
name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the pion-nucleon $σ$-term, $σ_{πN}$, using six ensembles with 2+1+1-flavor highly improved staggered quark action generated by the MILC collaboration. The most serious systematic effect in lattice calculations of nucleon correlation functions is the contribution of excited states. We estimate these using chiral perturbation theory ($χ$PT), and show that the leading contribution to the isoscalar scalar charge comes from N$π$ and N$ππ$ states. Therefore, we carry out two analyses of lattice data to remove excited-state contamination, the standard one and a new one including N$π$ and N$ππ$ states. We find that the standard analysis gives $σ_{πN} = 41.9(4.9)$ MeV, consistent with previous lattice calculations, while our preferred $χ$PT-motivated analysis gives $σ_{πN} = 59.6(7.4)$ MeV, which is consistent with phenomenological values obtained using $π$N scattering data. Our data on one physical pion mass ensemble was crucial for exposing this difference, therefore, calculations on additional physical mass ensembles are needed to confirm our result and resolve the tension between lattice QCD and phenomenology.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures (Updated to published version)
Music Literature During the Allied Occupation of Japan and Debates on the Future of Japanese Music, 1945-1949
Creators: name: DeBell, Joshua Blake
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Music history
subject: Asian studies
subject: Asian history
subject: Censorship
subject: Hōgaku
subject: Japan
subject: Occupation
subject: SCAP
subject: Yōgaku

description: Research on how countries under military occupation developed their music range from studies of the American occupation of Germany to studies of the Allied Occupation of Japan. Even though studies on Japanese music under occupation mainly focused on how composers dictated this culture, Japanese scholars should also be considered because scholarly writings have historically influenced what styles and aesthetics the Japanese endorsed. This study examines music literature from the University of Maryland’s Gordon W. Prange Collection. From 1945 to 1949, this literature is characterized by scholars studying the hōgaku, European, and American art music traditions. They also advocated that readers appreciate composers, pieces, styles, and genres from European art music, American art music, or hōgaku to establish a new music culture for Japan. However, these authors were divided on whether this music should only employ Western and Japanese styles or be a fusion of both. By examining this literature, this study offers an analysis of an under-researched perspective on music during Japan’s occupation and provides a new musicological approach toward examining occupation cultures.