cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dissipative Preparation of Many-Body Spin Steady States Using Trapped Ultracold Atoms
Creators: name: Caballar, Roland Cristopher F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents a dissipative method of creating a spin steady state, or a state whose spin expectation values approaches a fixed value over time, using a trapped gas of ultracold atoms coupled to a background BEC. The ultracold atoms are trapped in a double potential well embedded in a wide harmonic trap, which has a higher energy level than the double wells. The trapped atoms are then excited out of the double well trap into the harmonic trap using Raman lasers. Due to the coupling of the system to the background BEC, the atoms are then able to return to the double potential well by emitting an excitation into the background BEC, which serves as a reservoir of these excitations. By repeatedly coupling and uncoupling the trapped ultracold atoms and the background BEC over fixed intervals of time, the expectation value of the total spin of these atoms will, over time, reach a steady - state value.
description: 28 pages with appendix, 6 figures. Update 3: Citations added, corrections made to some equations, format changed, captions to figures edited. Accepted for publication in Annals of Physics
(500499) Thomas Thompson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the Heat Kernel and Weyl Anomaly of Schrödinger invariant theory
Creators: name: Pal, Sridip
name: Grinstein, Benjamín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method inspired from discrete light cone quantization (DLCQ) to determine the heat kernel for a Schrödinger field theory (Galilean boost invariant with $z=2$ anisotropic scaling symmetry) living in $d+1$ dimensions, coupled to a curved Newton-Cartan background starting from a heat kernel of a relativistic conformal field theory ($z=1$) living in $d+2$ dimensions. We use this method to show the Schrödinger field theory of a complex scalar field cannot have any Weyl anomalies. To be precise, we show that the Weyl anomaly $\mathcal{A}^{G}_{d+1}$ for Schrödinger theory is related to the Weyl anomaly of a free relativistic scalar CFT $\mathcal{A}^{R}_{d+2}$ via $\mathcal{A}^{G}_{d+1}= 2πδ(m) \mathcal{A}^{R}_{d+2}$ where $m$ is the charge of the scalar field under particle number symmetry. We provide further evidence of vanishing anomaly by evaluating Feynman diagrams in all orders of perturbation theory. We present an explicit calculation of the anomaly using a regulated Schrödinger operator, without using the null cone reduction technique. We generalise our method to show that a similar result holds for one time derivative theories with even $z>2$.
description: 27 pages, v2: 31 pages, clarifications regarding Heat Kernel added, reference updated, comments regarding anti-commuting fields added; v3: 40pages, 2 appendices are added, one of which includes an independent calculation verifying the earlier result, one line is added to abstract, references are updated, matches the version accepted to Journal
Covariant conservation laws and the spin Hall effect in Dirac-Rashba systems
Creators: name: Milletari, Mirco
name: Offidani, Manuel
name: Ferreira, Aires
name: Raimondi, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical analysis of two-dimensional Dirac-Rashba systems in the presence of disorder and external perturbations. We unveil a set of exact symmetry relations (Ward identities) that impose strong constraints on the spin dynamics of Dirac fermions subject to proximity-induced interactions. This allows us to demonstrate that an arbitrary dilute concentration of scalar impurities results in the total suppression of nonequilibrium spin Hall currents when only Rashba spin-orbit coupling is present. Remarkably, a finite spin Hall conductivity is restored when the minimal Dirac-Rashba model is supplemented with a spin-valley interaction. The Ward identities provide a systematic way to predict the emergence of the spin Hall effect in a wider class of Dirac-Rashba systems of experimental relevance and represent an important benchmark for testing the validity of numerical methodologies.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures + supplemental material (5 pages); accepted version
Multicritical Schur measures and higher-order analogues of the Tracy-Widom distribution
Creators: name: Betea, Dan
name: Bouttier, Jérémie
name: Walsh, Harriet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce multicritical Schur measures, which are probability laws on integer partitions which give rise to non-generic fluctuations at their edge. They are in the same universality classes as one-dimensional momentum-space models of free fermions in flat confining potentials, studied by Le Doussal, Majumdar and Schehr. These universality classes involve critical exponents of the form 1/(2m+1), with m a positive integer, and asymptotic distributions given by Fredholm determinants constructed from higher order Airy kernels, extending the generic Tracy-Widom GUE distribution recovered for m=1. We also compute limit shapes for the multicritical Schur measures, discuss the finite temperature setting, and exhibit an exact mapping to the multicritical unitary matrix models previously encountered by Periwal and Shevitz.
description: 50 pages, 8 figures, long version of arXiv:2012.01995 [math.CO]; v2: minor corrections; v3: final version
Constructing Gravitational Waves from Generic Spin-Precessing Compact Binary Inspirals
Creators: name: Chatziioannou, Katerina
name: Klein, Antoine
name: Yunes, Nicolas
name: Cornish, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coalescence of compact objects is one of the most promising sources of gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors, such as advanced LIGO and Virgo. Generically, com- pact objects in binaries are expected to be spinning with spin angular momenta misaligned with the orbital angular momentum, causing the orbital plane to precess. This precession adds rich structure to the gravitational waves, introducing such complexity that an analytic closed-form description has been unavailable until now. We here construct the first closed-form frequency- domain gravitational waveforms that are valid for generic spin-precessing quasicircular compact binary inspirals. We first construct time-domain gravitational waves by solving the post-Newtonian precession equations of motion with radiation reaction through multiple scale analysis. We then Fourier transform these time-domain waveforms with the method of shifted uniform asymptotics to obtain closed-form expressions for frequency-domain waveforms. We study the accuracy of these analytic, frequency-domain waveforms relative to waveforms obtained by numerically evolving the post-Newtonian equations of motion and find that they are suitable for unbiased parameter estimation for 99.2%(94.6%) of the binary configurations we studied at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10(25). These new frequency-domain waveforms could be used for detection and parameter estimation studies due to their accuracy and low computational cost.
description: 21 pages, final published version
A comparative study of different approaches for heavy quark energy loss, based on the latest experimental data
Creators: name: Nezhad, Marjan Rahimi
name: Shahri, Fatemeh Taghavi
name: Pari, Sharareh Mehrabi
name: Javidan, Kurosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a comparative analysis of three distinct methods used to calculate the collisional energy loss of heavy quarks in Quark-Gluon Plasma. The study focuses on the calculation of the nuclear suppression factor of charm quarks in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV. All three models are examined using the same numerical evolution based on the well-known Fokker-Planck equation by considering critical phenomena like a non-equilibrium state at the onset of heavy ion collision. The outcomes of each approach are compared with the latest data from ALICE and ATLAS experiments spanning from 2018 to 2022. This study aims to compare the degree of agreement between each approach and recently obtained experimental data, in the intermediate and high $P_T$ regions.
description: 23 Pages, 7 Figures, 4 Tables
Non-paritious Hilbert modular forms
Creators: name: Dembele, Lassina
name: Loeffler, David
name: Pacetti, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F41, 11F80

description: The arithmetic of Hilbert modular forms has been extensively studied under the assumption that the forms concerned are "paritious" -- all the components of the weight are congruent modulo 2. In contrast, non-paritious Hilbert modular forms have been relatively little studied, both from a theoretical and a computational standpoint. In this article, we aim to redress the balance somewhat by studying the arithmetic of non-paritious Hilbert modular eigenforms. On the theoretical side, our starting point is a theorem of Patrikis, which associates projective l-adic Galois representations to these forms. We show that a general conjecture of Buzzard and Gee actually predicts that a strengthening of Patrikis' result should hold, giving Galois representations into certain groups intermediate between GL(2) and PGL(2), and we verify that the predicted Galois representations do indeed exist. On the computational side, we give an algorithm to compute non-paritious Hilbert modular forms using definite quaternion algebras. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a general method has been presented. We end the article with a selection of examples.
description: Final version, to appear in Math Zeitschrift
(500500) Thomas Saddler
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Geometric quantum gates via dark paths in Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Jin, Zhu-yao
name: Jing, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum gates are high-speed and robust. Nevertheless, they were found to be more fragile than the adiabatic gates when systematic errors become dominant. Inspired by the dark-path scheme that was used to partially relieve the systematic error in the absence of external noise, we construct a universal set of nonadiabatic holonomic $N$-qubit gates using the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction between atoms under off-resonant driving. Based on an effective four-level configuration in the Rydberg-atom system, the modified nonadiabatic holonomic geometric gates present a clear resilience to both systematic error in the whole parametric range and external noise. In our scheme, the conventional ultrastrong interaction between control atoms and the target atom for the nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation is compensated by the detuning of the driving fields on the target atom. That idea yields a deeper understanding about the holonomic transformation. Moreover, our scheme is compact and scale-free with respect to $N$. It is interesting to find that the three-qubit gate is less susceptible to errors than the double-qubit one.
The complete chloroplast genome of Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis (Ranunculaceae), a rare species endemic to Danxia landform in Guangdong, China
Creators: name: Qin, Xin-Mei
name: Mo, Xiao-Yuan
name: Zhu, Zheng-Juan
name: Yuan, Yuan
name: Jiang, Hao-Yang
name: Li, Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis is currently known only from the type locality, Danxia Mountain, characterized by its spectacular red sandstone cliffscape. In this study, we assembled the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. danxiashanensis and inferred its phylogenetic relationships. Total length of the chloroplast genome was 160,548 bp, with an overall GC content of 39%. The chloroplast genome had typical quadripartite structure and contained one LSC region (89,882 bp) and one SSC region (17,386 bp), which were separated by two IRs regions (26,640 bp, respectively). It comprised 133 genes, including 84 protein coding genes, 41 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. danxiashanensis was sister to S. adoxoides; meanwhile, Semiaquilegia was closely related to both Urophysa and Aquilegia in Ranunculaceae. This study sheds light on the evolutionary history of Semiaquilegia and provides preliminary data for future comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes.
ALMA view of RX J1131-1231: Sub-kpc CO (2-1) mapping of a molecular disk in a lensed star-forming quasar host galaxy
Creators: name: Paraficz, D.
name: Rybak, M.
name: McKean, J. P.
name: Vegetti, S.
name: Sluse, D.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Stacey, H. R.
name: Suyu, S. H.
name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, M.
name: Fassnacht, C. D.
name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ALMA 2-mm continuum and CO (2-1) spectral line imaging of the gravitationally lensed z=0.654 star-forming/quasar composite RX J1131-1231 at 240-400 mas angular resolution. The continuum emission is found to be compact and coincident with the optical emission, whereas the molecular gas forms a complete Einstein ring, which shows strong differential magnification. The de-lensed source structure is determined on 400-pc resolution using a visibility-fitting lens modelling technique. The reconstructed molecular gas velocity-field is consistent with a rotating disk with a maximum rotational velocity of 280 km/s. From dynamical model fitting we find an enclosed mass M(r<5 kpc)=(1.46+/-0.31)*10^11 M_sol. The molecular gas distribution is highly structured, with clumps that are co-incident with higher gas velocity dispersion regions 40-50 km/s and with the intensity peaks in the optical emission, which are associated with sites of on-going turbulent star-formation. The peak in the CO (2-1) distribution is not co-incident with the AGN, where there is a paucity of molecular gas emission, possibly due to radiative feedback from the central engine. The intrinsic molecular gas luminosity is L'_CO=(1.2+/-0.3)*10^10 K km/s pc^2 and the inferred gas mass is M(H2)=(8.3+/-3.0)*10^10 M_sol, which given its dynamical mass is consistent with a CO-H2 conversion factor of alpha = 5.5+/-2.0 M_solar(K km/s pc^2)^-1. This suggests that the star-formation efficiency is dependent on the host galaxy morphology as opposed to the nature of the AGN. The far-infrared continuum spectral energy distribution shows evidence for heated dust, equivalent to an obscured star-formation rate of SFR=69^(+41)_(-25)*(7.3/u_IR)M_sol/yr, which demonstrates the composite star-forming/AGN nature of this system. RX J1131-1231
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted by A&A
(500501) Colln. Richardson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Complete chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Populus maximowiczii Henry 1913 (Salicaceae Mirb.)
Creators: name: Zhang, Yan
name: Shang, Hongyun
name: Liu, Wei
name: Shan, Xiaoliang
name: Wang, Nairui
name: Peng, Rusheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The classification and identification of species in Populus has remained a formidable challenge due to widespread interspecies hybridization. The complete chloroplast genome of Populus maximowiczii was obtained by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, with a typical quadripartite structure and 37.0% GC content. The chloroplast genome of P. maximowiczii was 156,892 in length, including a large single-copy region (LSC: 84,988 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC: 16,630 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs: each 27,637 bp in length). A total of 131 genes were annotated, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that 43 species belonging to Populus were classified into monophyly, with P. cathayana being the closest relatives to P. maximowiczii. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into understanding the phylogeny of Populus.
Accelerating Distributed ML Training via Selective Synchronization
Creators: name: Tyagi, Sahil
name: Swany, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In distributed training, deep neural networks (DNNs) are launched over multiple workers concurrently and aggregate their local updates on each step in bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) training. However, BSP does not linearly scale-out due to high communication cost of aggregation. To mitigate this overhead, alternatives like Federated Averaging (FedAvg) and Stale-Synchronous Parallel (SSP) either reduce synchronization frequency or eliminate it altogether, usually at the cost of lower final accuracy. In this paper, we present \texttt{SelSync}, a practical, low-overhead method for DNN training that dynamically chooses to incur or avoid communication at each step either by calling the aggregation op or applying local updates based on their significance. We propose various optimizations as part of \texttt{SelSync} to improve convergence in the context of \textit{semi-synchronous} training. Our system converges to the same or better accuracy than BSP while reducing training time by up to 14$\times$.
Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos: A New Neutrino Floor for Dark Matter Searches
Creators: name: Ng, Kenny C. Y.
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Peter, Annika H. G.
name: Rott, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well known, dark matter direct detection experiments will ultimately be limited by a "neutrino floor," due to the scattering of nuclei by MeV neutrinos from, e.g., nuclear fusion in the Sun. Here we point out the existence of a new "neutrino floor" that will similarly limit indirect detection with the Sun, due to high-energy neutrinos from cosmic-ray interactions with the solar atmosphere. We have two key findings. First, solar atmospheric neutrinos $\lesssim 1$ TeV cause a sensitivity floor for standard WIMP scenarios, for which higher-energy neutrinos are absorbed in the Sun. This floor will be reached once the present sensitivity is improved by just one order of magnitude. Second, for neutrinos $\gtrsim 1$ TeV, which can be isolated by muon energy loss rate, solar atmospheric neutrinos should soon be detectable in IceCube. Discovery will help probe the complicated effects of solar magnetic fields on cosmic rays. These events will be backgrounds to WIMP scenarios with long-lived mediators, for which higher-energy neutrinos can escape from the Sun.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, references added, expanded and improved discussion, conclusions unchanged. Accepted in PRD
title: The role and effectiveness of regulation of dog breeding in Australia
Creators: name: Blackman, SA
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2019

description: Despite the importance that a growing number of dog owners place on choosing a genetically, temperamentally and physically sound, long-lived and suitable companion animal, dog breeding in Australia is not thought of as an animal industry. On the contrary, most pure breed dogs are bred by owners who consider themselves to be hobby breeders. These breeders are actively discouraged from breeding their dogs commercially by the Australian National Kennel Club Ltd (ANKC) and the State and Territory canine associations that oversee the breeding of registered pure breed dogs. Many stakeholders are opposed to the commercial breeding of all dogs, equating ‘commercial’ with ‘puppy farming’, something that continues to receive negative media and political attention. However, the concerns that are expressed in both the academic and popular literature about dog breeding extend beyond these commercial practices. It is known that some pure breed dogs are particularly prone to genetic and health issues. For some breeds, this manifests in traits that are seen to make them less suitable as companion animals. State-based codes that attempt to regulate dog breeding by mandating standards of minimum best practice currently exist only in New South Wales and Victoria. There are also industry breeding codes aimed at regulating breeders within the pure breed framework. Yet breeding of dogs in compliance with these regulatory instruments accounts for less than twenty percent of all puppies born each year in Australia. The ANKC and State and Territory canine associations currently play limited supervisory roles in regulating the breeding practices of their members. Through a case law analysis, a literature review and collection of data on stakeholder perceptions, this research identifies the major issues that stakeholders believe exist in dog breeding and considers the role regulation has in addressing them. It establishes that the stakeholders are concerned about the lack of an overarching effective regulatory framework, with both State and industry codes being poorly enforced and monitored, creating minimal breeder accountability for breeding practices or for the health and welfare of the dogs that they produce. The current framework also fails to address information asymmetry, with no mandatory disclosures around genetic testing or information on how puppies are being produced. This research considers the effectiveness of existing regulation (in particular codes of practice) and regulatory actors. It considers what role regulation may play into the future with the adoption of some regulatory and non-regulatory changes. It considers an expanding role for the ANKC Ltd. Scholarship that proposes ways that regulation can address the issues in dog breeding has high social relevance. This research confirms the need to embrace aspects of self-regulation and its role in making all breeders more accountable for the welfare of their breeding dogs and the quality of the puppies they produce.
(500502) George Oliver
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the bird’s nest fungus Nidula shingbaensis (Nidulariaceae, Agaricales)
Creators: name: Qu, Qi
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Zhang, Yong-Jie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Bird’s nest fungi involve six different genera, but only one of these genera (i.e. Cyathus) have available mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) to date. In this study, we report the first mitogenome in the genus Nidula with Nidula shingbaensis K. Das & R.L. Zhao 2013 as a representative. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 65,793 bp with a GC content of 26.2%. There are a total of 43 genes, including 14 typical protein-coding genes, 26 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one free-standing intergenic open reading frame (ORF). Three introns (two in cox1 and one in cob) are present in the mitogenome, with each containing an ORF encoding for a LAGLIDADG endonuclease. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial amino acid sequences confirms the phylogenetic placement of N. shingbaensis in Nidulariaceae in Agaricales. This study serves as a springboard for future investigation on fungal evolution in Nidulariaceae.
Search for CP violation effects in the $h\to ττ$ decay with $e^+e^-$ colliders
Creators: name: Chen, Xin
name: Wu, Yongcheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method is proposed to reconstruct the neutrinos in the $e^+e^-\to Zh$ process followed by the $h\toττ$ decay. With the help of a refined Higgs momentum reconstruction from the recoiling system and the impact parameters, high precision in the determination of the momentum of neutrinos can be achieved. The prospect of measuring the Higgs CP mixing angle with the $h\toττ$ decay at future $e^+e^-$ colliders is studied with the new method. The analysis is based on a detailed detector simulation of the signal and backgrounds. The fully reconstructed neutrinos and also other visible products from the tau decay are used to build matrix element (ME) based CP observables. With 5 $ab^{-1}$ of data at $E_{\text{CM}}=250$ GeV, a precision of $2.9^\circ$ can be achieved for the CP mixing angle with three main one-prong decay modes of the taus. The precision is found to be about 35\% better than the other methods.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, refs added, match to published version
title: Mininauts : a serious game platform for enhanced instruction in reading comprehension for primary school students
Creators: name: Cauchi-Saunders, AJ
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2019

description: This study presents the design, and results, from a serious game led intervention supporting reading comprehension in two Tasmanian classrooms. A series of mini-games were designed to support student’s with in-class reading comprehension activities, with structured feedback opportunities presented between each game session. Learning content was enabled through an innovative Teacher Portal, where the game could be administered, and student progress could be monitored. An experimental design was utilised, with a pre- and post-testing methodology to determine if significant changes were affected over the course of an eight-week term. The results of this study found that all cohorts experienced a significant increase in reading comprehension scores between the pre- and post-tests; participants who interacted with a more gameful version of the serious game performed significantly better at reading comprehension skills when compared to their peers. It was also identified that feedback periods between game sessions were well received by participants but there were no significant differences between cohorts with respect to feedback mechanisms. Demographic factors were also explored, and the opinions of students were gathered and analysed with respect to reading comprehension achievement. This study concludes with a statement as to the viability of the tool in classrooms, along with manners in which it could be improved and upgraded in the future. Future research opportunities are also discussed.
Locality of interactions for planar memristive circuits
Creators: name: Caravelli, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Memristors are nonlinear passive circuit elements which can be thought as time varying resistances. When connected in a complex circuit these exhibit very exotic behavior, typical of disordered systems, such as a universal slow relaxation for intricated circuit topologies, and strong dependence on the initial conditions. Being memristive components part of a circuit, non-local effects due to the Kirchhoff constraints are present. In the formalism developed recently for a fairly general class of memristive circuits the constraints are contained in a projection operator. We provide exact results regarding the fall-off of the elements with the Hamming distance on the circuit, thus elucidating an insofar elusive and open question regarding the non-local effects in crossbar arrays, currently being considered for on-chip machine learning.
description: 5.5 pages double column, 4 figures; clarified discussion and corrected typos respect to published version
title: Plastic Credits als Instrument zur Annäherung an eine Circular Economy : Einordnung der Nutzung des Marktmechanismus auf Abnehmerseite
Creators: name: Richter, Aileen
Publisher: name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Die verheerenden Mengen an Abfall am Ende des Lebenszyklus von Produkten zu bewältigen, gilt als eine der größten Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zu einer Circular Economy. Die negativen Folgen, die sich aus dem Missmanagement von Kunststoffabfällen aufgrund fehlender oder nicht funktionierender Abfallwirtschaftsstrukturen in weiten Teilen der Erde ergeben, werden zunehmend deutlich. Bei der Circular Economy als elementarer Lösungsansatz sollen Stoffströme geschlossen und Produktlebenszyklen verlängert werden. Ein Instrument zur Annäherung an dieses Modell ist der Handel mit sogenannten Plastic Credits - ein Mittel, um den Ausbau regionaler Infrastrukturen für die Sammlung und das Recycling von Kunststoffabfällen zu finanzieren. Die Abnehmer von Plastic Credits sind die treibende Kraft hinter dem Mechanismus. Es ist weiterführende Forschung notwendig, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Frage, wie Unternehmen das Instrument der Plastic Credits nutzen und in ihre Gesamtstrategie integrieren. Diese Masterarbeit widmet sich der dabei vorgelagerten Frage: Existieren bestimmte Profile bei Unternehmen, die in Plastic Credits investieren, und lassen sich hierbei spezifische Cluster bilden? Im Rahmen der Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden Expert*innen-Interviews mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet. Dabei haben sich drei konkrete Unterfragen ergeben, die sich auf die Motivation, Branchenzugehörigkeit und räumliche Verortung der Abnehmer beziehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Abnehmer von Plastic Credits bereits umfangreich mit der Kunststoffabfallproblematik und der damit verbundenen Auswirkung auf die Umwelt beschäftigen. Offen bleibt, inwiefern Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von neuartigem Kunststoff, der Verbesserung der Recyclingfähigkeit der Produkte oder der Einsatz von Rezyklaten in der Herstellung dem Weg der Kompensation vorangestellt werden. In Bezug auf die Branchenzugehörigkeit legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass vorrangig Unternehmen, die mit einem erschwerten Rezyklate-Einsatz konfrontiert sind, in Plastic Credits investieren. Welche Auswirkungen Maßnahmen wie die Entbürokratisierung der Zulassungsverfahren für neue Recyclingprozesse oder verpflichtende Anteile an recycelten Materialien in bestimmten Produkten auf die Investition in Plastic Credits haben, wird sich in Zukunft zeigen. Die Analyse der räumlichen Verortung gab Aufschluss darüber, dass zurzeit im Wesentlichen Unternehmen aus dem globalen Norden in Plastic Credits investieren - jedoch verbunden mit dem Ziel, eine Finanzierung aus den Projektländern heraus zu intensivieren.
Dynamics of kink train solutions in deformed Multiple sine-Gordon models
Creators: name: Peyravi, Marzieh
name: Riazi, Nematollah
name: Javidan, Kurosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper examines the effects of a thin layer of inhomogeneity on periodic solutions of the Multiple-sine-Gordon (MsG) model. We investigate the dynamics of the perturbed Double-sine-Gordon (DsG) system as a significant and more practical case of such configurations. The thin barrier acts as a potential well (potential barrier) and causes critical deformations in kink train solutions and some basic properties of the periodic solutions, such as the type of sub-kinks, their amplitude, energy and wavelength. Stability of the initial kink chain during the interaction with medium defects is analyzed using their phase diagram. Sudden changes in the profile of kink trains due to the disruption of their amplitude and wavelength are considered. The time evolution of moving kink chain solutions while interacting with medium fractures is also studied.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
The complete chloroplast genome of Blechnopsis orientalis (Linnaeus) C. Presl 1753 (Blechnaceae)
Creators: name: Huang, Yu-tong
name: Men, Wen-xiao
name: Xing, Yan-ping
name: Hou, Wen-juan
name: Huang, Yan-chang
name: Yang, Yan-yun
name: Xu, Liang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Blechnopsis orientalis (Linnaeus) C. Presl (1753) is a fern used both as food and medicine. It is found primarily in southern China and Southeast Asia, thriving in warm, humid shrublands or sparse forest. The total length of the chloroplast genome is 155,211 bp, including a large single-copy region (LSC, 81,877 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC, 21,500 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,917 bp). The GC content is 41.3%. A total of 131 genes were annotated, including 88 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes, and 35 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis using the maximum-likelihood method showed that B. orientalis and Oceaniopteris gibba were closely related. This study provides genomic resources for phylogenetic genetics and resource exploitation of B. orientalis.
Carbon nanotubes as excitonic insulators
Creators: name: Varsano, Daniele
name: Sorella, Sandro
name: Sangalli, Davide
name: Barborini, Matteo
name: Corni, Stefano
name: Molinari, Elisa
name: Rontani, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fifty years ago Walter Kohn speculated that a zero-gap semiconductor might be unstable against the spontaneous generation of excitons---electron-hole pairs bound together by Coulomb attraction. The reconstructed ground state would then open a gap breaking the symmetry of the underlying lattice, a genuine consequence of electronic correlations. Here we show that this excitonic insulator is realized in zero-gap carbon nanotubes by performing first-principles calculations through many-body perturbation theory as well as quantum Monte Carlo. The excitonic order modulates the charge between the two carbon sublattices opening an experimentally observable gap, which scales as the inverse of the tube radius and weakly depends on the axial magnetic field. Our findings call into question the Luttinger liquid paradigm for nanotubes and provide tests to experimentally discriminate between excitonic and Mott insulator.
description: This document includes the Supplementary Information. We have corrected typos in Eq. (56) and sublattice vector definitions that were spotted by Dr. Giacomo Sesti after the paper was published
(500503) Thomas Clavering
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ConceptNet 5.5: An Open Multilingual Graph of General Knowledge
Creators: name: Speer, Robyn
name: Chin, Joshua
name: Havasi, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: Machine learning about language can be improved by supplying it with specific knowledge and sources of external information. We present here a new version of the linked open data resource ConceptNet that is particularly well suited to be used with modern NLP techniques such as word embeddings. ConceptNet is a knowledge graph that connects words and phrases of natural language with labeled edges. Its knowledge is collected from many sources that include expert-created resources, crowd-sourcing, and games with a purpose. It is designed to represent the general knowledge involved in understanding language, improving natural language applications by allowing the application to better understand the meanings behind the words people use. When ConceptNet is combined with word embeddings acquired from distributional semantics (such as word2vec), it provides applications with understanding that they would not acquire from distributional semantics alone, nor from narrower resources such as WordNet or DBPedia. We demonstrate this with state-of-the-art results on intrinsic evaluations of word relatedness that translate into improvements on applications of word vectors, including solving SAT-style analogies.
Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Parametric Compressible Euler Equations
Creators: name: Wassing, Simon
name: Langer, Stefan
name: Bekemeyer, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The numerical approximation of solutions to the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is a crucial but challenging task with relevance in various fields of science and engineering. Recently, methods from deep learning have been successfully employed for solving partial differential equations by incorporating the equations into a loss function that is minimized during the training of a neural network. This approach yields a so-called physics-informed neural network. It is not based upon classical discretizations, such as finite-volume or finite-element schemes, and can even address parametric problems in a straightforward manner. This has raised the question, whether physics-informed neural networks may be a viable alternative to conventional methods for computational fluid dynamics. In this article we introduce an adaptive artificial viscosity reduction procedure for physics-informed neural networks enabling approximate parametric solutions for forward problems governed by the stationary two-dimensional Euler equations in sub- and supersonic conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the concept of artificial viscosity in physics-informed neural networks is successfully applied to a complex system of conservation laws in more than one dimension. Moreover, we highlight the unique ability of this method to solve forward problems in a continuous parameter space. The presented methodology takes the next step of bringing physics-informed neural networks closer towards realistic compressible flow applications.
Sur les $\ell$-blocs de niveau zéro des groupes $p$-adiques
Creators: name: Lanard, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a $p$-adic group that splits over an unramified extension. We decompose $Rep_Λ^{0}(G)$, the abelian category of smooth level $0$ representations of $G$ with coefficients in $Λ=\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell}$ or $\overline{\mathbb{Z}}_{\ell}$, into a product of subcategories indexed by inertial Langlands parameters. We construct these categories via systems of idempotents on the Bruhat-Tits building and Deligne-Lusztig theory. Then, we prove compatibilities with parabolic induction and restriction functors and the local Langlands correspondence.
description: 35 pages, in French, extended from unramified groups to reductive groups that split over an unramified field extension
Mental-LLM: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental Health Prediction via Online Text Data
Creators: name: Xu, Xuhai
name: Yao, Bingsheng
name: Dong, Yuanzhe
name: Gabriel, Saadia
name: Yu, Hong
name: Hendler, James
name: Ghassemi, Marzyeh
name: Dey, Anind K.
name: Wang, Dakuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.2.m
subject: 68U35

description: Advances in large language models (LLMs) have empowered a variety of applications. However, there is still a significant gap in research when it comes to understanding and enhancing the capabilities of LLMs in the field of mental health. In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of multiple LLMs on various mental health prediction tasks via online text data, including Alpaca, Alpaca-LoRA, FLAN-T5, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4. We conduct a broad range of experiments, covering zero-shot prompting, few-shot prompting, and instruction fine-tuning. The results indicate a promising yet limited performance of LLMs with zero-shot and few-shot prompt designs for mental health tasks. More importantly, our experiments show that instruction finetuning can significantly boost the performance of LLMs for all tasks simultaneously. Our best-finetuned models, Mental-Alpaca and Mental-FLAN-T5, outperform the best prompt design of GPT-3.5 (25 and 15 times bigger) by 10.9% on balanced accuracy and the best of GPT-4 (250 and 150 times bigger) by 4.8%. They further perform on par with the state-of-the-art task-specific language model. We also conduct an exploratory case study on LLMs' capability on mental health reasoning tasks, illustrating the promising capability of certain models such as GPT-4. We summarize our findings into a set of action guidelines for potential methods to enhance LLMs' capability for mental health tasks. Meanwhile, we also emphasize the important limitations before achieving deployability in real-world mental health settings, such as known racial and gender bias. We highlight the important ethical risks accompanying this line of research.
description: Published at Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT) 2024
The complete chloroplast genome of Typha angustifolia and its phylogenetic position in Typhaceae
Creators: name: Lv, Weiwei
name: Qian, Jiayi
name: Long, Qian
name: Wang, Songting
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Typha angustifolia, commonly known as narrowleaf cattail, is a marginal, semi-aquatic, herbaceous perennial species with both ecological and edible values. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of T. angustifolia was assembled using the next-generation sequencing technology. The whole cp genome was 161,597 bp in length, consisting of a large single copy (LSC, 89,119 bp) and a small single copy (SSC, 18,550 bp) separated by two copies of inverted region (IR, 26,964 bp). The genome encoded 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes, with 19 duplicated genes in the IR regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. angustifolia is sister to Typha orientalis in the family Typhaceae. The cp genome of T. angustifolia is reported for the first time, which will provide essential and important genetic resources for future phylogenetic investigation within the genus Typha.