cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Slicing conditions for axisymmetric gravitational collapse of Brill waves
Creators: name: Khirnov, Anton
name: Ledvinka, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In numerical relativity, spacetimes involving compact strongly gravitating objects are constructed as numerical solutions of Einstein's equations. Success of such a process strongly depends on the availability of appropriate coordinates, which are typically constructed dynamically. A very robust coordinate choice is a so-called moving puncture gauge, commonly used for numerical simulations of black hole spacetimes. Nevertheless it is known to fail for evolving near-critical Brill wave data. We construct a new `quasi-maximal' slicing condition and demonstrate that it exhibits better behavior for such data. This condition is based on the 1+log slicing with an additional source term derived from maximal slicing. It is relatively simple to implement in existing moving puncture codes and computationally inexpensive. We also illustrate the properties of constructed spacetimes based on gauge-independent quantities in compactified spacetime diagrams. These invariants are also used to show how created black holes settle down to a Schwarzschild black hole.
Effect of partner responsiveness in aphasia discourse (Harmon et al., 2019)
Creators: name: Harmon, Tyson G.
name: Jacks, Adam
name: Haley, Katarina L.
name: Bailliard, Antoine
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Purpose: Because people with aphasia (PWA) frequently interact with partners who are unresponsive to their communicative attempts, we investigated how partner responsiveness affects quantitative measures of spoken language and subjective reactions during story retell.Method: A quantitative study and a qualitative study were conducted. In Study 1, participants with aphasia and controls retold short stories to a communication partner who indicated interest through supportive backchannel responses (responsive) and another who indicated disinterest through unsupportive backchannel responses (unresponsive). Story retell accuracy, delivery speed, and ratings of psychological stress were measured and compared. In Study 2, participants completed semistructured interviews about their story retell experience, which were recorded, transcribed, and coded using qualitative analysis software.Results: Quantitative results revealed increased psychological stress and decreased delivery speed across all participant groups during the unresponsive partner condition. Effects on delivery speed were more consistent for controls than participants with aphasia. Qualitative results revealed that participants with aphasia were more attuned to unresponsive partner behaviors than controls and reported stronger and more frequent emotional reactions. Partner responsiveness also affected how PWA perceived and coped with the communication experience.Conclusions: Combined quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that, while unresponsive communication partners may not have robust effects on spoken language, they elicit strong emotional reactions from PWA and affect their communication experience. These findings support the need for communication partner training and suggest that training PWA on emotion regulation or relaxation techniques may help assuage their anxiety during socially challenging everyday communication and increase social participation.
Supplemental Material S1. Responsive partner condition video example.
Supplemental Material S2. Unresponsive partner condition video example.
Supplemental Material S3. Correlations between apprehension ratings and psychological stress, story retell accuracy, and story retell speed.
Supplemental Material S4. Interview guide.
Harmon, T. G., Jacks, A., Haley, K. L., & Bailliard, A. (2019). How responsiveness from a communication partner affects story retell in aphasia: Quantitative and qualitative findings. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_AJSLP-19-0091
Massive Stars in Transition
Creators: name: Crowther, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the various post-main sequence phases of massive stars, focusing on Wolf-Rayet stars, Luminous Blue Variables, plus connections with other early-type and late-type supergiants. End states for massive stars are also investigated, emphasising connections between Supernovae originating from core-collapse massive stars and Gamma Ray Bursts.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, to appear in "Massive Stars: Formation, Evolution and Environment", eds. Heydari-Malayeri & Zahn (proceedings of 2002 Aussois summer school)
Findings of the 2016 WMT Shared Task on Cross-lingual Pronoun Prediction
Creators: name: Guillou, Liane
name: Hardmeier, Christian
name: Nakov, Preslav
name: Stymne, Sara
name: Tiedemann, Jörg
name: Versley, Yannick
name: Cettolo, Mauro
name: Webber, Bonnie
name: Popescu-Belis, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7
subject: 68T50

description: We describe the design, the evaluation setup, and the results of the 2016 WMT shared task on cross-lingual pronoun prediction. This is a classification task in which participants are asked to provide predictions on what pronoun class label should replace a placeholder value in the target-language text, provided in lemmatised and PoS-tagged form. We provided four subtasks, for the English-French and English-German language pairs, in both directions. Eleven teams participated in the shared task; nine for the English-French subtask, five for French-English, nine for English-German, and six for German-English. Most of the submissions outperformed two strong language-model based baseline systems, with systems using deep recurrent neural networks outperforming those using other architectures for most language pairs.
description: cross-lingual pronoun prediction, WMT, shared task, English, German, French
Relevance of magnetism to cuprate superconductivity: Lanthanides versus charge-compensated cuprates
Creators: name: Keren, Amit
name: Crump, Wayne
name: Mallett, Ben P. P.
name: Chong, Shen V.
name: Keren, Itai
name: Luetkens, Hubertus
name: Tallon, Jeffery L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address what seemed to be a contradiction between the lanthanide series REBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ (RE123) and the charge-compensated series (Ca$_{x}$La$_{1-x}$)(Ba$_{1.75-x}$La$_{0.25+x} $)Cu$_{3}$O$_{y}$ (CLBLCO) regarding the superexchange ($J$) dependence of the maximum superconductivity (SC) critical temperature $T_c^{max}(J)$; RE and $x$ are implicit variables. This is done by measuring the Néel temperature and the temperature dependence of the magnetic order parameter for RE=Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Yb, Y, and for Y(BaSr)Cu$_3$O$_y$, at various very light dopings. The doping is determined by thermopower, and the magnetic properties by muon spin rotation. We find that the normalized-temperature dependence of the order parameter is identical for all RE123 in the undoped limit (with the exception of Gd123) implying identical out-of-plane magnetic coupling. The extrapolation of $T_N$ to zero doping suggests that, despite the variations in ionic radii, $J$ varies too weakly in this system to test the relation between SC and magnetism. This stands in contrast to CLBLCO where both $T_c^{max}$ and $T_N^{max}$ vary considerably in the undoped limit, and a positive correlation between the two quantities was observed.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Photospheric Opacity and Over-Expanded Envelopes of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
Creators: name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I suggest that the behavior of the photospheric opacity in oxygen-rich (similar to solar abundance) upper asymptotic giant branch stars may cause these stars to substantially expand for a few thousand years. I term this process over-expansion. This may occur when the photospheric (effective) temperature drops to Tp~3000K, and because the opacity sharply increases as temperature further decreases down to Tp~2000K$. The much higher opacity implies a much lower photospheric density, which stabilizes the envelope structure. As mass loss proceeds, the star eventually contracts to become a post-asymptotic giant branch star. Some possible outcomes of the over-expanded phase are discussed: (1) The over-expanded phase may be connected to the formation of semi-periodic concentric arcs (rings; shells); (2) The over-expanded phase may be related to the positive correlation between the mass loss rate and the transition to axisymmetric mass loss geometry; and (3) An over-expanded asymptotic giant branch star, which doubles its radius, is somewhat more likely to swallow a low mass companion.
description: New Astronomy, in press; A figure and more explanations were added to the original version from 2003
Spatial curvature effects on molecular transport by diffusion
Creators: name: Balakrishnan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: For a substance diffusing on a curved surface, we obtain an explicit relation valid for very small values of the time, between the local concentration, the diffusion coefficient, the intrinsic spatial curvature and the time. We recover the known solution of Fick's law of diffusion in the flat space limit. In the biological context, this result would be useful in understanding the variations in the diffusion rates of integral proteins and other molecules on membranes.
description: 10 pages
Initialization of a nuclear spin system over the quantum Hall regime for quantum information processing
Creators: name: Mani, R G
name: Johnson, W B
name: Narayanamurti, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of the quantum mechanical properties of physical systems to realize novel computational schemes and innovative device functions have been topics of recent interest. Proposals for associated devices are to be found in diverse branches of physics. Here, we are concerned with the experimental realization of some elements needed for quantum information processing using nuclear spin immersed in a confined electronic system in the quantum Hall regime. Thus, we follow a spin-handling approach that (a) uses the Overhauser effect in the quantum Hall regime to realize a large nuclear polarization at relatively high temperatures, (b) detects the nuclear spin state by measuring the influence of the associated magnetic field on Electron Spin Resonance, and (c) seeks to apply the electronic spin exciton as the spin transfer mechanism. Some measurements examining the viability of this approach are shown, and the utility of the approach for initializing a nuclear spin system at a relatively high temperature is pointed out
Some hemivariational inequalities in the Euclidean space
Creators: name: Bisci, Giovanni Molica
name: Repovš, Dušan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A01, 35J60, 35J65, 35J91 35P30, 45A15

description: The purpose of this paper is to study the existence of weak solutions for some classes of hemivariational problems in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$ ($d\geq 3$). These hemivariational inequalities have a variational structure and, thanks to this, we are able to find a non-trivial weak solution for them by using variational methods and a non-smooth version of the Palais principle of symmetric criticality for locally Lipschitz continuous functionals, due to Krawcewicz and Marzantowicz. The main tools in our approach are based on appropriate theoretical arguments on suitable subgroups of the orthogonal group $O(d)$ and their actions on the Sobolev space $H^1(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Moreover, under an additional hypotheses on the dimension $d$ and in the presence of symmetry on the nonlinear datum, the existence of multiple pairs of sign-changing solutions with different symmetries structure has been proved. In connection to classical Schrödinger equations a concrete and meaningful example of an application is presented.
tomocpt_basemodel_p10
Creators: name: Shah, Pranav NM
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This is the basemodel that was trained on the particle types described in the original tomoCPT manuscript. One can use these weights to further finetune their own model with their data or use it for generalised picking. Under the general mode, the performance may vary depedning on how different the target particle type is from the training data. Please refer to the manuscript for further details.
Chemical Reactions in a Scramjet Combustor and Two-Dimensional Nozzles
Creators: name: Yeung, Moon-Tai
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1993
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: Finite-rate chemistry of hydrogen-air combustion is to be investigated numerically in a one-dimensional constant pressure SCRAMJET combustor and two-dimensional nozzles.  Detailed reaction mechanisms and temperature dependent thermodynamics are to be used in the models. The aspects of interest include the combustion characteristics at different fuel-air ratios, pressures and initial temperatures in the combustor. Methods for enhancing the combustion rate in the combustor is to be studied also. The effect of expansion rate on the hydrogen-air reactions is the prime focus of the nozzle calculation. The results from different inlet conditions and wall geometries are to be analyzed.

A computer model for a one-dimensional (channel-flow) combustor is constructed based on the chemical kinetics subroutine library CHEMKIN. Subsequent calculations show that the initial temperature is the most important parameter in the combustor. It is further discovered that certain reaction steps are responsible for the initial delay exhibited in all hydrogen-air combustion processes. Low temperature behavior is studied extensively and augmentation methods are developed. The introduction of a small percentage of the hydrogen radical into the initial mixture is found to be the most effective in reducing the reaction delay. The combustor pressure enters the overall reaction process in a linear manner. The calculations over five combustor pressures show that the initial delay in hydrogen-air reaction and the following period of explosion are proportional to the combustor pressure raised to certain powers.

The nozzle model is two-dimensional, steady and inviscid with no conductivity and diffusivity. Two schemes are developed to handle the boundary conditions. One is based on pure numerical interpolation/extrapolation methods while the other imposes analytical supersonic characteristic equations. The former scheme is found to be more efficient while the latter is more accurate. In analysing the response of the combustion product to an expansion, it is found that the formation of water is favoured by an expansion. A closer examination reveals that the behavior can be attributed to the abundance of free radicals in the nozzle inlet composition. Freezing is not clearly observed except for the NOx species.
The Speed of Gravity
Creators: name: de Rham, Claudia
name: Tolley, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the standard effective field theory of General Relativity, we show that the speed of gravitational waves deviates, ever so slightly, from luminality on cosmological and other spontaneously Lorentz-breaking backgrounds. This effect results from loop contributions from massive fields of any spin, including Standard Model fields, or from tree level effects from massive higher spins $s \ge 2$. We show that for the choice of interaction signs implied by S-matrix and spectral density positivity bounds suggested by analyticity and causality, the speed of gravitational waves is in general superluminal at low-energies on NEC preserving backgrounds, meaning gravitational waves travel faster than allowed by the metric to which photons and Standard Model fields are minimally coupled. We show that departure of the speed from unity increases in the IR and argue that the speed inevitably returns to luminal at high energies as required by Lorentz invariance. Performing a special tuning of the EFT so that renormalization sensitive curvature-squared terms are set to zero, we find that finite loop corrections from Standard Model fields still lead to an epoch dependent modification of the speed of gravitational waves which is determined by the precise field content of the lightest particles with masses larger than the Hubble parameter today. Depending on interpretation, such considerations could potentially have far-reaching implications on light scalar models, such as axionic or fuzzy cold dark matter.
description: references added, minor typos corrected
Binding Energies and Scattering Observables in the ^3He^4He_2 Atomic System
Creators: name: Sandhas, W.
name: Kolganova, E. A.
name: Motovilov, A. K.
name: Ho, Y. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ^3He^4He_2 three-atomic system is studied on the basis of a hard-core version of the Faddeev differential equations. The binding energy of the ^3He^4He_2 trimer, scattering phase shifts, and the scattering length of a ^3He atom off a ^4He dimer are calculated using the LM2M2 and TTY He-He interatomic potentials.
description: Contribution to Proceedings of the 17th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (Durham, North Carolina, USA, June 5-10, 2003)
Additional file 1 of Short-term prognostic models for severe acute kidney injury patients receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy based on machine learning
Creators: name: Wei, Wenqian
name: Cai, Zhefei
name: Chen, Lei
name: Yuan, Weijie
name: Fan, Yingle
name: Rong, Shu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Marine Biology
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Jets in GRBs: Tests and Predictions for the Structured Jet Model
Creators: name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Sari, Re'em
name: Frail, Dale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two leading interpretations of achromatic breaks that are observed in the light curves of GRBs afterglow are (i) the manifestation of the edge of a jet, which has a roughly uniform energy profile and a sharp edge and (ii) a line of sight effect in jets with a variable energy profile. The first scenario requires the inner engine to produce a jet with a different opening angle each explosion, while the latter requires a standard engine. The physical structure of the jet is a crucial factor in understanding GRB progenitors, and therefore discriminating the two jet scenarios is particularly relevant. In the structured jet case, specific predictions can be made for the distribution of observed break angles $θ_{\rm break}$, while that distribution is arbitrary in the first scenario. We derive the theoretical distribution for the structured jet model. Specifically, we predict the most common angle to be about 0.12 rad, in rough agreement with the sample. If this agreement would hold as the sample size increases, it would strengthen the case for the standard jet hypothesis. We show that a prediction of this model is that the average viewing angle is an increasing function of the survey sensitivity, and in particular that a mission like {\em Swift} will find the typical viewing angle to be about 0.3 rad. The local event rate predicted by this model is $R_{\rm GRB}(z=0)\sim 0.5 $ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures; accepted to ApJ
Cooper minimum of high-order harmonic spectra from MgO crystal in an ultrashort laser pulse
Creators: name: Zhao, Yiting
name: Xu, Xiaoqin
name: Jiang, Shicheng
name: Zhao, Xi
name: Chen, Jigen
name: Yang, Yujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooper minimum structure of high-order harmonic spectra from atoms or molecules has been extensively studied. In this paper, we demonstrate that the crystal harmonic spectra from an ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulse also exhibit the Cooper minimum characteristic. Based on the accurate band dispersion and k-dependent transition dipole moment (TDM) from the first-principle calculations, it can be found that the harmonic spectra from MgO crystal along Γ-X direction present a dip structure in the plateau, which is originated from the valley of TDM by examining the distribution of the harmonic intensity at the k-space. The Cooper minimum feature in crystal HHG will pave a new way to retrieve the band information of solid materials by using HHG from the ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulse.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of The transcription factor LaMYC4 from lavender regulates volatile Terpenoid biosynthesis
Creators: name: Dong, Yanmei
name: Zhang, Wenying
name: Li, Jingrui
name: Wang, Di
name: Bai, Hongtong
name: Li, Hui
name: Shi, Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Contents of volatiles from the lavender with 8 mM MeJA. (a) the contents of β-myrcene, β-cis-ocimene and caryophyllene in lavender sepal. (b) the contents of β-myrcene, β-cis-ocimene and caryophyllene in lavender leaf. Values shown are mean ± SD of three replicates. All data are given as the means ± SD (n = 3), *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; Student’s t test.
Characteristics of bicycle crashes among children and the effect of bicycle helmets
Creators: name: Axelsson, Amanda
name: Stigson, Helena
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: Focusing on children (0–17 years), this study aimed to investigate injury and accident characteristics for bicyclists and to evaluate the use and protective effect of bicycle helmets. Method: This nationwide Swedish study included children who had visited an emergency care center due to injuries from a bicycle crash. In order to investigate the causes of bicycle crashes, data from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed thoroughly (n = 7967). The causes of the crashes were analyzed and categorized, focusing on 3 subgroups: children 0–6, 7–12, and 13–17 years of age. To assess helmet effectiveness, the induced exposure approach was applied using data from 2006 to 2016 (n = 24,623). In order to control for crash severity, only bicyclists who had sustained at least one Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ injury (moderate injury or more severe) in body regions other than the head were included. Results: In 82% of the cases the children were injured in a single-bicycle crash, and the proportion decreased with age (0–6: 91%, 7–12: 84%, 13–17: 77%). Of AIS 2+ injuries, 8% were head injuries and 85% were injuries to the extremities (73% upper extremities and 13% lower extremities). Helmet use was relatively high up to the age of 10 (90%), after which it dropped. Helmets were much less frequently used by teenagers (14%), especially girls. Consistently, the share of head injuries increased as the children got older. Bicycle helmets were found to reduce all head injuries by 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10: +/− 10%) and AIS 2+ head injuries by 68% (95% CI, 12: +/− 12%). The effectiveness in reducing face injuries was lower (45% CI +/− 10% for all injuries and 54% CI +/− 32% for AIS2+ injuries). Conclusions: This study indicated that bicycle helmets effectively reduce injuries to the head and face. The results thus point to the need for actions aimed at increasing helmet use, especially among teenagers. Protective measures are necessary to further reduce injuries, especially to the upper extremities.
Small localized black holes in a braneworld: Formulation and numerical method
Creators: name: Kudoh, Hideaki
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
name: Nakamura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: No realistic black holes localized on a 3-brane in the Randall-Sundrum infinite braneworld have been found so far. The problem of finding a static black hole solution is reduced to a boundary value problem. We solve it by means of a numerical method, and show numerical examples of a localized black hole whose horizon radius is small compared to the bulk curvature scale. The sequence of small localized black holes exhibits a smooth transition from a five-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole, which is a solution in the limit of small horizon radius. The localized black hole tends to flatten as its horizon radius increases. However, it becomes difficult to find black hole solutions as its horizon radius increases.
description: RevTeX, 13 pages, 6 figures, references corrected, typos corrected; to appear in Phys.Rev.D
Mission Planning and Safety Assessment for Pipeline Inspection Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: A Framework based on Behavior Trees
Creators: name: Aubard, Martin
name: Quijano, Sergio
name: Álvarez-Tunón, Olaya
name: Antal, László
name: Costa, Maria
name: Brodskiy, Yury
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2024

description: 6 Seiten (2024). doi:10.48550/arXiv.2402.04045
Extended galactic rotational velocity profiles in $f(R)$ gravity background
Creators: name: Sharma, Vipin Kumar
name: Yadav, Bal Krishna
name: Verma, Murli Manohar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An attempt has been made to explore the galactic dynamics via the rotational velocity beyond the Einstein's geometric theory of gravity. It is inspired from the geometric relation obtained in the power law $f(R)$ gravity model in vacuum. We analyse the action with a small positive deviation from the Einstein-Hilbert action (taking $R$ as $f(R)\propto R^{1+δ}$) at the galactic scales for the explanation of cosmological dark matter problem and obtain the contribution of dynamical $f(R)$ background geometry in accelerating the test mass. In the weak field limits, we obtain the effective acceleration of the test mass due to a massive spherically symmetric source in $f(R)$ background and develop an equation for the rotational velocity. We test the viability of the model by tracing the motion of test mass outside the typical galactic visible boundaries without considering any dark matter halo profile. We obtain a nice agreement in the outer regions (up to few tens of kpc beyond the visible boundary) of the typical galaxy by using the known galaxy data.\\ We further explore the galactic dynamics for a galaxy NGC 1052 of which the dark matter deficient galaxies, i.e., DF2 and DF4 are a part (satellite galaxies) and discuss plots of the dynamical feature of rotation curves in $f(R)$ background for the model parameter $δ<<1$ and interpret the results for its satellite galaxies.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Rubin et al. (2019).pdf
Creators: name: Rubin, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170107 Industrial and Organisational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Personality, Social and Criminal Psychology

description: The present study undertook an exploratory investigation of the causes of risk-taking among Australian coal miners. A range of safety culture and climate variables were measured in a survey of open-cut and underground coal miners from New South Wales and Queensland. A repeat survey of 233 of these miners was conducted an average of 10 months after the initial survey. Participants’ age and perceived safety norms at their mine site were significant longitudinal predictors of reported frequency of risk-taking. These findings suggest that young miners and miners who perceive it to be normal for miners at their mine site to ignore safety procedures are more likely to report taking safety risks in the future. Suggestions for safety interventions are considered.
Ice Ic without stacking disorder by evacuating hydrogen from hydrogen hydrate
Creators: name: Komatsu, Kazuki
name: Machida, Shinichi
name: Noritake, Fumiya
name: Hattori, Takanori
name: Sano-Furukawa, Asami
name: Yamane, Ryo
name: Yamashita, Keishiro
name: Kagi, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water freezes below 0 °C at ambient pressure, ordinarily to ice Ih with an ABAB... hexagonal stacking sequence. However, it is also known to produce "ice Ic" nominally with an ABCABC... cubic stacking sequence under certain conditions1, and its existence in Earth's atmosphere, or in comets is debated. "Ice Ic", or called as cubic ice, was first identified in 1943 by König, who used electron microscopy to study the condensation of ice from water vapor to a cold substrate. Subsequently, many different routes to "ice Ic" have been established, such as the dissociation of gas hydrates, warming amorphous ices or annealing high-pressure ices recovered at ambient pressure, freezing of $μ$- or nano-confined water. Despite the numerous studies on "ice Ic", its structure has not been fully verified, because the diffraction patterns of "ice Ic" show signatures of stacking-disorder, and ideal ice Ic without stacking-disorder had not been formed until very recently. Here we demonstrate a route to obtain ice Ic without stacking-disorder by degassing hydrogen from the high-pressure form of hydrogen hydrate, C$_2$, which has a host framework that is isostructural with ice Ic. Surprisingly, the stacking-disorder free ice Ic is formed from C$_2$ via an intermediate amorphous or nano-crystalline form under decompression, unlike the direct transformations that occur in the cases of recently discovered ice XVI from neon hydrate, or ice XVII from hydrogen hydrate. The obtained ice Ic shows remarkable thermal stability until the phase transition to ice Ih at 250 K; this thermal stability originates from the lack of dislocations, which promote changes in the stacking sequence. This discovery of ideal ice Ic will promote understanding of the role of stacking-disorder on the physical properties of ice as a counter end-member of ice Ih.
Gravity Indicators in the Near-Infrared Spectra of Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Gorlova, Nadya
name: Meyer, Michael R.
name: Liebert, Jim
name: Rieke, George H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity to temperature and gravity of the strong absorption features in the J- and K-band spectra of substellar objects. We compare the spectra of giants and young M dwarfs (of low gravity) to field M and L dwarfs (of high gravity) and to model spectra from the Lyon group. We find that low-resolution spectra of M4 - M9 stars and young brown dwarfs at R ~ 350 and S/N > 70 can determine the spectral type to a precision of pm 1 subtype, using the H2O and CO bands, and can measure the surface gravity to pm 0.5 dex, using the atomic lines of KI and NaI. This result points toward the development of photometric spectral indices to separate low-mass members from foreground and background objects in young clusters and associations. We also emphasize the complexity of the interpretation of the empirical quantities (e.g., spectral types) in terms of the physical variables (e.g., temperature, opacities) in the cool atmospheres of young brown dwarfs.
description: Accepted to ApJ, 44 pages & 10 figures, preliminary results reported in astro-ph/0208221
Temperature and entropy of Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time
Creators: name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the light of recent interest in quantum gravity in de Sitter space, we investigate semi-classical aspects of 4-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time using the method of complex paths. The standard semi-classical techniques (such as Bogoliubov coefficients and Euclidean field theory) have been useful to study quantum effects in space-times with single horizons; however, none of these approaches seem to work for Schwarzschild-de Sitter or, in general, for space-times with multiple horizons. We extend the method of complex paths to space-times with multiple horizons and obtain the spectrum of particles produced in these space-times. We show that the temperature of radiation in these space-times is proportional to the effective surface gravity -- inverse harmonic sum of surface gravity of each horizon. For the Schwarzschild-de Sitter, we apply the method of complex paths to three different coordinate systems -- spherically symmetric, Painleve and Lemaitre. We show that the equilibrium temperature in Schwarzschild-de Sitter is the harmonic mean of cosmological and event horizon temperatures. We obtain Bogoliubov coefficients for space-times with multiple horizons by analyzing the mode functions of the quantum fields near the horizons. We propose a new definition of entropy for space-times with multiple horizons analogous to the entropic definition for space-times with a single horizon. We define entropy for these space-times to be inversely proportional to the square of the effective surface gravity. We show that this definition of entropy for Schwarzschild-de Sitter satisfies the D-bound conjecture.
description: Final version; To appear in Phys. Rev. D; 12 pages, 1 figure, RevTex-4; Typos corrected; References added
Statistical analysis on X-ray flares from the nucleus and HST-1 knot in the M87 jet
Creators: name: Yang, Shenbang
name: Yan, Dahai
name: Dai, Benzhong
name: Zhang, Pengfei
name: Zhu, Qianqian
name: Wang, Jiancheng
name: Zhang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical properties of X-ray flares from two separate locations (nucleus and HST-1) in the M87 jet are investigated to reveal the physical origin of the flares. We analyse the archival \textit{Chandra} data for M87, and identify 14 flares in the nucleus and 9 flares in HST-1. The peak intensity ($I_{\rm{P}}$) and the flaring duration time ($T_{\rm{fl}}$) for each flare are obtained. It is found that the distributions of both $I_{\rm{P}}$ and $T_{\rm{fl}}$ for the nucleus obey a power-law form with a similar index. A similar result is also obtained for HST-1, and no significant inconsistency between the nucleus and HST-1 is found for the indices. Similar to solar X-ray flares, the power-law distributions of the flare event parameters can be well explained by a self-organized criticality (SOC) system, which are triggered by magnetic reconnection. Our results suggest that the flares from nucleus and HST-1 are possibly triggered by magnetic reconnection process. The consistent indices for the distributions of $I_{\rm{P}}$ and $T_{\rm{fl}}$ in the CORE and HST-1 indicate that the dimensions of the energy dissipation of the magnetic reconnection is identical in the two regions. A strong correlation between the flares in the two regions also suggests a similar physical origin for the flares.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Evaluating the influence of knee airbags on lower limb and whole-body injury
Creators: name: McMurry, Timothy L.
name: Forman, Jason L.
name: Shaw, Greg
name: Crandall, Jeff R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objective: Knee airbags (KABs) have become increasingly common in the vehicle fleet. Previous studies (Weaver et al., 2013, Patel et al. 2013) showed indications that KABs may be protective for some lower extremity injuries and associated with increased risk for others. Since KABs have become significantly more common in recent model year vehicles, we revisited these findings using the most recent available data. Methods: We compared injury rates below the knee, from the knee to the hip, and above the hip in years 2000-2015 of the National Automotive Sampling System, Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) and the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN). Injury rates were compared with matched analyses and with Bayesian multiple logistic regression. Results: Both analyses showed that KAB to have an Odds Ratio of approximately 0.6 for knee to hip injuries, with the Bayesian model strongly significant and the matched model borderline insignificant. In the Bayesian model, KAB was borderline significant for a decrease in above the waist injuries, while the matched model pointed toward a protective effect but was not significant. Both models pointed toward an increased risk of below knee injuries, but neither was statistically significant. Conclusions: Knee airbags may be protective for knee to hip injuries and above waist injuries. If KABs continue to be widely implemented in the vehicle fleet, the field should continue to monitor and evaluate below knee injuries.
The growth mechanism of turbulent bands in channel flow at low Reynolds numbers
Creators: name: Xiao, Xiangkai
name: Song, Baofang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we carried out direct numerical simulations in large channel domains and studied the kinematics and dynamics of fully localised turbulent bands at Reynolds number Re = 750. Our results show that the downstream end of the band features fast streak generation and travels into the adjacent laminar flow, whereas streaks at the upstream end continually and relatively more slowly decay. This asymmetry is responsible for the transverse growth of the band. We particularly investigated the mechanism of streak generation at the downstream end, which engines the growth of the band. We identified a spanwise inflectional instability associated with the local mean flow near the downstream end and our results strongly suggest that this instability is responsible for the streak generation and ultimately for the growth of the band. Based on our study, we propose a possible self-sustaining mechanism of fully localised turbulent bands at low Reynolds numbers in channel flow.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Single Atom Cooling by Superfluid Immersion: A Non-Destructive Method for Qubits
Creators: name: Daley, A. J.
name: Fedichev, P. O.
name: Zoller, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scheme to cool the motional state of neutral atoms confined in sites of an optical lattice by immersing the system in a superfluid. The motion of the atoms is damped by the generation of excitations in the superfluid, and under appropriate conditions the internal state of the atom remains unchanged. This scheme can thus be used to cool atoms used to encode a series of entangled qubits non-destructively. Within realisable parameter ranges, the rate of cooling to the ground state is found to be sufficiently large to be useful in experiments.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, RevTeX 4
Chandra Observations of Expanding Shells in the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy NGC 3077
Creators: name: Ott, Juergen
name: Martin, Crystal L.
name: Walter, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep Chandra observations (53 ks, ACIS-S3) of NGC 3077, a starburst dwarf galaxy in the M 81 triplet, resolve the X-ray emission from several supershells. The emission is brightest in the cavities defined by expanding shells detected previously in H alpha emission (Martin 1998). Thermal emission models fitted to the data imply temperatures ranging from ~1.3 to 4.9 x 10^(6) K and indicate that the strongest absorption is coincident with the densest clouds traced by CO emission. The fitted emission measures give pressures of P/k~10^(5-6) xi^(-0.5) f_(v)^(-0.5) K cm^(-3) (xi: metallicity of the hot gas in solar units, f_(v): volume filling factor). Despite these high pressures, the radial density profile of the hot gas is not as steep as that expected in a freely expanding wind (e.g., as seen in the neighboring starburst galaxy M 82) implying that the hot gas is still confined by the H alpha shells. The chaotic dynamical state of NGC 3077 undermines reliable estimates of the escape velocity. The more relevant quantity for the ultimate fate of the outflow is probably the gas density in the rich intragroup medium. Based on the HI distribution of NGC 3077 and a connected tidal tail we argue that the wind has the potential to leave the gravitational well of NGC 3077 to the north but not to the south. The total 0.3-6.0 keV X-ray luminosity is ~2-5 x 10^(39) erg s^(-1) (depending on the selected thermal plasma model). Most (~85%) of the X-ray luminosity in NGC 3077 comes from the hot interstellar gas; the remainder comes from six X-ray point sources. In spite of previous claims to the contrary, we do not find X-ray emission originating from the prominent tidal tail near NGC 3077.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. A PDF version with high resolution figures can be obtained from ftp://ftp.atnf.csiro.au/pub/people/jott/down/ott_N3077.pdf
Material Classification of Magnetic Resonance Volume Data
Creators: name: Laidlaw, David H.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1992
Subjects: Computer Science

description: A major unsolved problem in computer graphics is that of making high-quality models. Traditionally, models have consisted of interactively or algorithmically described collections of graphics primitives such as polygons.The process of constructing these models is painstaking and often misses features and behavior that we wish to model. Models extracted from volume data collected from real, physical objects have the potential to show features and behavior that are difficult to capture using these traditional modeling methods.

We use vector-valued magnetic resonance volume data in this thesis. The process of extracting models from such data involves four main steps: collecting the sampled volume data; preprocessing it to reduce artifacts from the collection process; classifying materials within the data; and creating either a rigid geometric model that is static, or a flexible, dynamic model that can be simulated. In this thesis we focus on the the first three steps.

We present guidelines and techniques for collecting and processing magnetic resonance data to meet the needs of the later steps. Our material classification and model extraction techniques work better when the data values for a given material are constant throughout the dataset, when data values for different materials are different, and when the dataset is free of aliasing artifacts and noise.

We present a new material-classification method that operates on vector-valued volume data. The method produces a continuous probability function for each material over the volume of the dataset, and requires no expert interaction to teach it different material classes. It operates by fitting peaks in the histogram of a collected dataset using parameterized gaussian bumps, and by using Bayes' law to calculate material probabilities, with each gaussian bump representing one material.

To illustrate the classification method, we apply it to real magnetic resonance data of a human head, a human hand, a banana, and a jade plant. From the classified data, we produce "computationally stained" slices that discriminate among materials better than do the original grey-scale versions. We also generate volume-rendered images of classified datasets clearly showing different anatomical features of various materials. Finally, we extract preliminary static and dynamic geometric models of different tissues.
title: Notes about Islam in Lebanon
title: Notes sur l’Islam au Liban
title: مذكّرات عن الإسلام في لبنان
Creators: name: Seurat, Michel
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2019

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/FileId-2994
description: created: sine data
On the non-thermal high energy radiation of galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Timokhin, A. N.
name: Aharonian, F. A.
name: Neronov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the nonthermal EUV and hard X-ray emission "excess" reported from some galaxy clusters has been intensively debated over last several years. The most favored models which refer this excess to relativistic electrons upscattering the 2.7 K CMBR generally requires very low magnetic field, significantly below the estimates derived from the Faraday Rotation Measurements, unless one invokes rather nonstandard assumptions concerning the energy and pitch angle distributions of nonthermal electrons. In this paper we suggest a new model assuming that the "nonthermal" excess is due to synchrotron radiation of ultrarelativistic (multi-TeV) electrons of "photonic" origin. These electrons are continuously introduced throughout the entire intracluster medium by very high energy (hypothetical) gamma-rays through interactions with the diffuse extragalactic radiation fields. We present numerical calculations for the Coma cluster, and briefly discuss implications of the model for other galaxy clusters both in the X- and gamma-ray energy domains.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; A&A accepted; added section on gamma-rays from clusters, introduction section rewritten, small changes in other sections
Associations of PFAS and Phthalate Biomarker Concentrations with Bone Mineral Density in 12-19 Year Olds: 2011-2016 NHANES
Creators: name: Carwile, Jenny L.
name: Seshasayee, Shravanthi M.
name: Ahrens, Katherine A.
name: Hauser, Russ
name: Driban, Jeffrey B.
name: J. Rosen, Clifford
name: Gordon, Catherine M.
name: Fleisch, Abby F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental Material for "Associations of PFAS and Phthalate Biomarker Concentrations with Bone Mineral Density in 12-19 Year Olds: 2011-2016 NHANES"