Caliothrips cangaceiro Lima & O'Donnell & Miyasato & Br 2020, sp. n.
Creators: name: Lima, Élison Fabrício Bezerra
name: O'Donnell, Cheryle Ann
name: Miyasato, Elisa Aiko
name: Br, Pi.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Thysanoptera
Thripidae
Caliothrips
Caliothrips cangaceiro

description: Caliothrips cangaceiro sp. n.
(Figs 8, 9, 37, 52, 69, 102, 112)
Female macroptera. Body brown (Fig. 8). Antennal segments I and II brown, III with basal half pale and apical half brown, IV with basal third pale and apical two thirds brown, V pale except for extreme apex light brown, VI–VIII brown (Fig. 37). Fore wing brown with two pale bands, one sub-basally and one sub-apically. Fore femora suffused brown with external margin darker, mid femora brown with extreme base and apex yellow, hind femora brown; fore tibia yellow suffused brown laterally and basally, mid tibia yellow with brown band sub-basally, hind tibia yellow with basal half brown except for extreme base yellow. Additional simple sense cone on antennal segment IV extending to mid-point of V; segment VI with simple dorsal sense cone extending beyond mid-point of VIII (Fig. 37). Pronotal reticulations irregularly spaced and with internal markings, medially with transverse lines forming ill-defined reticles (Fig. 52). Mesonotum reticulate with internal markings on anterior two thirds, confluent transverse striations medially without markings between lines of sculpture. Metanotum longitudinally reticulate, internal markings on median third, lateral thirds without internal markings (Fig. 69). Fore wing costa with about 16 prominent setae; first vein with 5 setae basally; second vein with 7 setae. Tergites I–II with reticulation medially, remaining tergites with no sculpture medially; tergites II–VIII lateral thirds with irregular reticulations with internal markings (Fig. 102); pleurotergites with longitudinal striations; posterior margin of tergites with broad craspedum toothed laterally; IX with minute microtrichia anteriorly along with striaerd. Sternites II–VII with 3 pairs of marginal setae, pair II slightly in front of margin, III in front of margin.
Measurements (holotype female in microns): Body length 1525. Head, length 120; width 155. Pronotum, length 105; width 200. Fore wing length 750. Antennal segments I–VIII length 20, 40, 45, 40, 35, 27, 12, 37.
Male macroptera. Similar to female but smaller. Fore femora darker than on female (Fig. 9). Sternites III–VII with transverse pore plates (Fig. 112).
Measurements (paratype male in microns): Body length 1325. Head, length 90; width 125. Pronotum, length 85; width 170. Fore wing length 600. Antennal segments I–VIII length 15, 32, 40, 37, 32, 25, 9, 32.
Material studied. Holotype female. Brazil. Paraíba: Areia, on bamboo leaves, 4.xi.2019 (CHNUFPI). Para-types: two females and three males collected with holotype; one female at same locality, but on 2.xi.2019; Sergipe: São Cristóvão, one female and one male on bamboo leaves, 6.xi.2019 (E.F.B.Lima col.) Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, one female and one male on dead leaves of Arecaceae, 11.iii.2016 (E.F.B.Lima and E.A.Miyasato cols.) (CHNUFPI, ESALQ, MLP, NHM and USNM).
Comments. This species is named by apposition after the cangaceiros. These were people who, in the beginning of the 20th century, walked through the cities of northeastern Brazil, where the holotype of the species was collected, in search of justice and revenge in an environment that suffered from drought and provided little employment and food for local people. Cangaceiros often used violence but are remembered as part of the local culture. This new species resembles other species with lateral thirds of the tergites reticulate. It can be distinguished from C. fasciatus, currently not found in Brazil, by the characters stated in the above key. It shares similarities to some specimens of C. punctipennis (found in Mexico and western USA), with reticulate sculpture on lateral thirds of the metanotum with internal markings. It is distinguished by irregular shape of reticles on tergites (equiangular in C. punctipennis); fore wing distinctly brown basally, medially and apically (base and median area pale, with posterior margin brown in some specimens of C. punctipennis – see discussion below in the species comments); antennal segment V mostly pale (Fig. 37) (brown on apical half in C. punctipennis). The new species can be distinguished from C. insularis by the presence of a mostly pale antennal segment V (Fig. 37), which is brown in the apical half of C. insularis. In addition, the fore wing median band is uniformly brown and separated from apical brown band by a white band. The median band is not uniformly brown in C. insularis, and the distinction from the apical brown band is weak (Fig. 81). Also, the new species has the abdominal tergites medially lacking reticulation. C. floridensis (found in USA) has antennal segment V clear, but the fore wing base is paler and the abdominal tergites have regular, polygonal reticles. C. impurus (found in Africa) differs from C. cangaceiro with pronotal sculpture of longitudinal reticles, antennal segment V light brown and male sternites with pore plates curved instead of transverse as in C. cangaceiro. Finally, C. quadrifasciatus can be readily distinguished by having three pale bands on the fore wing, whereas C. cangaceiro has only two. Specimens of the new species from Northeast have around four transverse sculpture lines medially on pronotum (Fig. 52), but only the male from Mato Grosso State exhibits the same character state, whereas the female has a thoroughly reticulate pronotum. Finally, the pale areas can be more or less extensive depending on the specimen. From the commonly collected species C. phaseoli, it can be distinguished by the characters in the key.
description: Published as part of Lima, Élison Fabrício Bezerra, O'Donnell, Cheryle Ann, Miyasato, Elisa Aiko & Br, Pi., 2020, The Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) of Brazil, with one new Caliothrips species, pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4820 (2) on pages 210-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4397490