cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Pediatrician and Disaster Preparedness
Creators: name: Hagan, Joseph F.
name: Balsam, Marion J.
name: Gorman, Richard
name: Lynch, Julia
name: McMillan, Julia
name: Olness, Karen
name: Peck, Gary
name: Redlener, Irwin E.
name: Schonfeld, David
name: Shannon, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Emergency management--Planning
Disaster medicine--Planning
Pediatricians
Pediatrics
Child disaster victims

description: Recent natural disasters and events of terrorism and war have heightened society's recognition of the need for emergency preparedness. In addition to the unique pediatric issues involved in general emergency preparedness, several additional issues related to terrorism preparedness must be considered, including the unique vulnerabilities of children to various agents as well as the limited availability of age- and weight-appropriate antidotes and treatments. Although children may respond more rapidly to therapeutic intervention, they are at the same time more susceptible to various agents and conditions and more likely to deteriorate if not monitored carefully.The challenge of dealing with the threat of terrorism, natural disasters, and public health emergencies in the United States is daunting not only for disaster planners but also for our medical system and health professionals of all types, including pediatricians. As part of the network of health responders, pediatricians need to be able to answer concerns of patients and families, recognize signs of possible exposure to a weapon of terror, understand first-line response to such attacks, and sufficiently participate in disaster planning to ensure that the unique needs of children are addressed satisfactorily in the overall process. Pediatricians play a central role in disaster and terrorism preparedness with families, children, and their communities. This applies not only to the general pediatrician but also to the pediatric medical subspecialist and pediatric surgical specialist. Families view pediatricians as their expert resource, and most of them expect the pediatrician to be knowledgeable in areas of concern. Providing expert guidance entails educating families in anticipation of events and responding to questions during and after actual events. It is essential that pediatricians educate themselves regarding these issues of emergency preparedness. For pediatricians, some information is currently available on virtually all of these issues in recently produced printed materials, at special conferences, in broadcasts of various types, and on the Internet. However, selecting appropriate, accurate sources of information and determining how much information is sufficient remain difficult challenges. Similarly, guidance is needed with respect to developing relevant curricula for medical students and postdoctoral clinical trainees.
title: Non-vascular complications of renal transplantation
Creators: name: Morgado, Margarida
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genitourinary
subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Biopsy
subject: Transplantation
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - To discuss the role of ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of renal transplantation non-vascular complications in the early postoperative period and throughout long-term surveillance; - To describe and illustrate several...
Citizenship as Accumulated Racial Capital
Creators: name: Halewood, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Citizenship
subject: Race relations
subject: Emigration and immigration
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Americans

description: Despite persistent racial and economic inequality, many believe the United States is becoming a post-racial and classless society where race and class analysis are anachronisms. This Essay will contest that claim by way of a critical reading of citizenship as reflected in American law and culture and demonstrate the continuing relevance of race theory and Marxian analysis, notwithstanding their somewhat uneasy relationship. It examines how law and culture construct and reflect, on the one hand, xenophobic and racist popular images of aliens—particularly refugees and undocumented aliens—and, on the other hand, enable and assure the accumulation of racial capital and value in the notion of deserving, legitimate, and racialized (white) citizenship.
Probability Theory of Random Polygons from the Quaternionic Viewpoint
Creators: name: Cantarella, Jason
name: Deguchi, Tetsuo
name: Shonkwiler, Clayton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C30 (Primary) 14M15, 53C80, 57M25, 82D60, 92C40

description: We build a new probability measure on closed space and plane polygons. The key construction is a map, given by Knutson and Hausmann using the Hopf map on quaternions, from the complex Stiefel manifold of 2-frames in n-space to the space of closed n-gons in 3-space of total length 2. Our probability measure on polygon space is defined by pushing forward Haar measure on the Stiefel manifold by this map. A similar construction yields a probability measure on plane polygons which comes from a real Stiefel manifold. The edgelengths of polygons sampled according to our measures obey beta distributions. This makes our polygon measures different from those usually studied, which have Gaussian or fixed edgelengths. One advantage of our measures is that we can explicitly compute expectations and moments for chordlengths and radii of gyration. Another is that direct sampling according to our measures is fast (linear in the number of edges) and easy to code. Some of our methods will be of independent interest in studying other probability measures on polygon spaces. We define an edge set ensemble (ESE) to be the set of polygons created by rearranging a given set of n edges. A key theorem gives a formula for the average over an ESE of the squared lengths of chords skipping k vertices in terms of k, n, and the edgelengths of the ensemble. This allows one to easily compute expected values of squared chordlengths and radii of gyration for any probability measure on polygon space invariant under rearrangements of edges.
description: Some small typos fixed, added a calculation for the covariance of edgelengths, added pseudocode for the random polygon sampling algorithm. To appear in Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics (CPAM)
Two designs of hypogean pitfall trap with differing sampling port areas: a comparison of their catch sizes, compositions and resultant biodiversity scores.
Creators: name: Fioratti Junod, Marco
name: Sims, Ian
name: Miller, Anthony J.
name: Clemitshaw, Kevin. C.
name: Marlow, Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310308
subject: Terrestrial ecology

description: Article published on British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 2021, vol.34, pp. 117-130. Now online as a searchable PDF
A Deliberative Defense of Diversity: Moving Beyond the Affirmative Action Debate to Embrace a 21st Century View of Equality
Creators: name: Hawkins, Stacy L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Twenty-first century
subject: Equality
subject: Race discrimination--Law and legislation
subject: Affirmative action programs--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: "Diversity" is a recent construct in our equal protection jurisprudence, but during its relatively short existence it has garnered many critics. Even critical race scholars, the most vocal proponents of aggressive civil rights and equal protection enforcement, are skeptical about "diversity," to say nothing of its many opponents. Critiques of "diversity" argue that it is vague, an alter ego of affirmative action, and an inferior method of achieving the remedial purposes of equal protection abound. More troubling than this scholarly critique of diversity, however, is the "mixed motive" analysis of the diversity interest in the Court's equal protection jurisprudence that conflates the aspirational aims of diversity with the remedial aims of affirmative action. Diversity can and should be defended and materially distinguished from affirmative action both in the instrumentalist theories justifying it, as well as in the legal standards by which its constitutionality is evaluated. This Article offers that defense. The primary aim of this Article is to elucidate the "diversity interest," as recognized in our equal protection jurisprudence, through the lens of modern diversity practice. This corporate perspective on constitutional law may seem inapt. But viewing the constitutional diversity interest through the lens of modern diversity practice exposes the deficiency of our equal protection jurisprudence grounded solely in a remedial principle of equality to appropriately define or adequately accommodate the distinct aspirational aims of the diversity interest. Modern diversity practice offers insight and analogy for how our equal protection jurisprudence should respond to this deficiency, first by defining the various instrumentalist justifications for the diversity interest, and second by reframing the equal protection analysis to suit the constitutional contours of the diversity interest. Modern diversity practice offers both a theoretical and empirical defense of diversity that can help illuminate the legal analysis of diversity and move our equal protection jurisprudence from a backward-looking doctrine of redress to a forward-looking doctrine of egalitarianism.
title: Imaging Features Of Posterior Mediastinal Masses
Creators: name: Kucheruk, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mediastinum
subject: Chest
subject: Cone beam CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Education
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the imaging features of posterior mediastinal...
The timing of mothers' employment after childbirth
Creators: name: Han, Wen-Jui
name: Ruhm, Christopher J.
name: Waldfogel, Jane
name: Washbrook, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Families

description: According to data from a new nationally representative study of women who gave birth in 2001, the speed of a woman's return to work after the birth of a child was influenced by many factors, including family structure, education, age, birth history, and race/ethnicity, but the strongest factor was whether or not the woman had been working prior to the birth.
Understanding the coexistence of sperm-dependent asexual species and their sexual hosts : the role of biogeography, mate choice, and relative fitness in the Phoxinus eos-neogaeus (Pisces: Cyprinidae) system
Creators: name: Mee, Jonathan Alan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In sperm-dependent asexual reproduction, sperm is not required for its genetic contribution, but it is required for stimulating zygote development. In my dissertation, I address several questions related to the coexistence of sperm-dependent asexuals and the sexually-reproducing species on which they depend. I have focused my research on a sperm-dependent asexual fish, Phoxinus eos-neogaeus, that originated via hybridization between P. eos and P. neogaeus. Using a mathematical model of mate choice among sexuals and sperm-dependent asexuals, I showed that stable coexistence can occur when there is variation among males in the strength of preference for mating with sexual females and when males with stronger preference pay a higher cost of preference. My model also predicts that coexistence is facilitated when the asexuals suffer a fitness disadvantage relative to the sexuals. Subsequent empirical work, in which I compared the repeat swimming performance, fecundity, and growth rate of asexual and sexual Phoxinus, provided results that are consistent with this prediction: the asexuals are, at best, as fit as the sexuals. I sampled Phoxinus populations from across the species’ North American distribution and the pattern of mitochondrial DNA variation across these populations suggests that all P. eos-neogaeus have originated from hybridization events that took place in a Mississippi River glacial refugium. Also, cytoplasmic hybrids (which are P. eos with P. neogaeus mitochondrial DNA) appear to have replaced ‘pure’ P. eos in all northern populations, which may reduce the disparity in fitness between P. eos-neogaeus and their sperm donors if P. neogaeus mitochondria are adapted to northern environments. The pattern of nuclear DNA variation across P. eos-neogaeus populations suggests that those using P. eos sperm are genetically distinct from those using P. neogaeus sperm. These genetically distinct populations match their host species in size, suggesting that sperm-dependent asexuals may be adapted to be proficient at soliciting sperm from particular sexual species. Persistence of sperm-dependent asexuals depends on stable coexistence with sexual species. My work highlights the importance of the relative fitness of asexual and sexual species, and of male mate choice in maintaining this stable coexistence.
title: A pictorial review of stroke imaging in the age of thrombectomy with pearls and pitfalls from angiographic and clinical experience
Creators: name: Ratneswaren, Tarini
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: CNS
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Recanalisation
subject: Thrombolysis
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To understand evidence on CT angiography and CT perfusion imaging in stroke. 2. To illustrate CT perfusion cases and correlate this with angiographic findings and outcomes post-thrombectomy. 3. To illustrate real world limitations of CT...
Geopolitics of Arctic Oil and Gas: The Dwindling Relevance of Territorial Claims
Creators: name: Wong, Ernest
Publisher: name: Mason Publishing
Year: 2013

description: Since the Arctic is abundant in natural resources, legal jurisdiction over Arctic territory has become a contentious issue. This paper examines how undiscovered Arctic oil and gas resources are distributed within the territories of the eight Arctic nations and within the territories claimed by these nations. Knowing how resources are distributed will help determine whether it is worth having disputes over the claimed territories as well as determining the importance of the U.S. ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
 This paper utilized geo-processing and areal estimation from United States Geological Survey (USGS), Arctic resource data, and territorial border data for probing the above issues. The analysis suggests that most of the resources are distributed within existing rather than claimed territories. The key conclusions are: (1) extended continental shelf claims should not be a major point of contention; (2) the U.S. and Russia are overwhelmingly the largest holders of undiscovered Arctic oil and gas; (3) the U.S. has little reason to ratify the UNCLOS for the purpose of securing energy resources; and (4) Greenland may be unexpectedly important in future Arctic discussions. These findings alter the geopolitics of undiscovered Arctic resources and shift the importance onto energy resources within existing territories.
description: New Voices In Public Policy, Vol 7, No 1 (2013)
Parental Leave Policies and Parents’ Employment and Leave-Taking
Creators: name: Han, Wen-Jui
name: Ruhm, Christopher
name: Waldfogel, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Families
Labor economics

description: We describe trends in maternal employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to which these behaviors are influenced by parental leave policies. Data are from the June Current Population Survey (CPS) Fertility Supplements, merged with other months of the CPS, and cover the period 1987 to 1994. This time span is one during which parental leave legislation expanded at both the state and federal level. We also provide the first comprehensive examination of employment and leave-taking by fathers of infants. Our main finding is that leave expansions are associated with increased leave-taking by both mothers and fathers. The magnitudes of the changes are small in absolute terms but large relative to the baseline for men and much greater for college-educated or married mothers than for their less-educated or single counterparts.
Welcome to Volume 7, No. 1
Creators: name: Gilroy, Fenwick
Publisher: name: Mason Publishing
Year: 2013

description: The Editorial Board is pleased to present the spring 2013 issue of New Voices in Public Policy: a showcase for George Mason Universitys School of Public Policy. New Voices in Public Policy is a peer-reviewed journal that promotes SPP students and their work on contemporary public policy issues. With this issue we explore cyber security, the race for natural resources, and the impact of US politics and African tribal traditions on population controls.
description: New Voices In Public Policy, Vol 7, No 1 (2013)
Compassion and Critique
Creators: name: Harris, Angela P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Ideology
subject: Socialism
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In this Essay, I am interested in the relationship among ideology, ideological critique, and emotion. I argue that the ideological critique produced by Marx in the nineteenth century and by critical legal theorists in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries undertakes not only to persuade our minds but also to rally our emotions. To accomplish this, critical theorists show us that ideology is already a technique of emotion management. Ideology makes suffering invisible and compassion inappropriate by assuring us that the status quo is natural, normal, and necessary. Ideological critique, in turn, reveals the suffering beneath the bland façade of ideological concepts like "capital" and "property." It tries to persuade us, moreover, that this suffering is unjust and unnecessary: that politics and not nature is its source, and that we should act to relieve it.
Best constant and value of extremizers for a k-plane transform inequality
Creators: name: Drouot, Alexis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The k-plane transform acting on test functions on R^d satisfies a dilation-invariant L^p to L^q inequality for some exponents p,q. We will explicit some extremizers and the value of the best constant for any value of k and d, solving the limit case of a 1997 conjecture from Baernstein and Loss. This extends their own result for k=2 and Christ's result for k=d-1.
Estonian Cyber Policy After the 2007 Attacks: Drivers of Change and Factors for Success
Creators: name: Jackson, Camille Marie
Publisher: name: Mason Publishing
Year: 2013

description: Following a series of crippling computer network attacks on Estonia in 2007, this tiny Baltic country adopted a sweeping series of legislative, legal, and other policy changes to improve cyber security. The attackswhich significantly affected Estonian banks, businesses, and government communications systems for weeksbegan after Estonia removed a symbolic Soviet bronze statue in Tallinn.Since this incident four years ago, Estonia has taken a series of dramatic measures, including the creation of a Cyber Security Council, a Cyber Defense League under the Estonian military, and a Department of Critical Information Infrastructure Protection. Estonia has alsobecome an international leader in calling for increased cyber security and created the Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence (CCDCOE)an international research consortium to consider ways to increase computer network security. This paper will examine the policy dynamics surrounding these sweeping changes, including the drivers for transformation and an analysis of the new policies' success.
description: New Voices In Public Policy, Vol 7, No 1 (2013)
Enforcing Civil Rights Obligations Through the False Claims Act
Creators: name: Hayes, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Civil rights
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In August 2019, Westchester County, New York entered into a consent decree to settle a lawsuit brought against it pursuant to the federal False Claims Act. Serving as a qui tam relator on behalf of the United States government, a non-profit alleged that Westchester had falsely certified that it had complied with its obligations to affirmatively further fair housing in order to receive over $50 million in federal housing funds. According to the relators, Westchester had failed to undertake basic fair housing requirements such as considering race-based impediments to housing choice. The litigation was the first to employ the FCA as a method to enforce a locality’s obligation to affirmatively further fair housing and thus represents an innovative model for litigation aimed at reforming major social institutions. This Article situates the Westchester case in ongoing debates about the legitimacy and efficacy of institutional reform litigation and concludes that the public-private partnership model offered by the FCA addresses some common criticisms of litigation as a method of institutional change.
Initial spreading of low-viscosity drops on partially wetting surfaces
Creators: name: Winkels, Koen G.
name: Weijs, Joost H.
name: Eddi, Antonin
name: Snoeijer, Jacco H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Liquid drops start spreading directly after brought into contact with a partial wetting substrate. Although this phenomenon involves a three-phase contact line, the spreading motion is very fast. We study the initial spreading dynamics of low-viscosity drops, using two complementary methods: Molecular Dynamics simulations and high-speed imaging. We access previously unexplored length- and time-scales, and provide a detailed picture on how the initial contact between the liquid drop and the solid is established. Both methods unambiguously point towards a spreading regime that is independent of wettability, with the contact radius growing as the square root of time.
More Than A Pill: The impact of American family planning policy on population control in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Chidsey, Brittnie
Publisher: name: Mason Publishing
Year: 2013

description: Maternal Health, End poverty and Hunger, Combat HIV/AIDS; What do these three United Nations Millennium Goals have in common? Increased access to family planning tools could help achieve all of them. There are several viable policies that could be implemented which would help to lower crude birth rates in the Sub-Saharan region, while at the same time increasing womens agency and child health. Because Africa is very much subject to western ideas about family planning and population control due to its reliance on aid flows, it often falls victim to Western controversies about acceptable forms of birth control. The United States plays an important role in Africas family planning policy, and should use this role to mediate future emergencies that would emerge if population growth is not stymied.
description: New Voices In Public Policy, Vol 7, No 1 (2013)
Complete experimental toolbox for alignment-free quantum communication
Creators: name: D'Ambrosio, Vincenzo
name: Nagali, Eleonora
name: Walborn, Stephen P.
name: Aolita, Leandro
name: Slussarenko, Sergei
name: Marrucci, Lorenzo
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum communication employs the counter-intuitive features of quantum physics to perform tasks that are im- possible in the classical world. It is crucial for testing the foundations of quantum theory and promises to rev- olutionize our information and communication technolo- gies. However, for two or more parties to execute even the simplest quantum transmission, they must establish, and maintain, a shared reference frame. This introduces a considerable overhead in communication resources, par- ticularly if the parties are in motion or rotating relative to each other. We experimentally demonstrate how to circumvent this problem with the efficient transmission of quantum information encoded in rotationally invariant states of single photons. By developing a complete toolbox for the efficient encoding and decoding of quantum infor- mation in such photonic qubits, we demonstrate the fea- sibility of alignment-free quantum key-distribution, and perform a proof-of-principle alignment-free entanglement distribution and violation of a Bell inequality. Our scheme should find applications in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and satellite-based quantum communication.
description: Main manuscript: 7 pages, 3 figures; Supplementary Information: 7 pages, 3 figures
title: Imaging Finding of Cysticercosis in Human: A Pictorial Review
Creators: name: JADHAV, MANOJ
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: CNS
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection
subject: Retrospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the imaging finding of neurocysticercosis, muscular cysticercosisand disseminated...
Economic Foundations of Intellectual Property Rights
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics
Intellectual property

description: Intellectual Property Rights are important, but the importance of IPR has been exaggerated, as they form only one part of our innovation system. IPR should be seen as part of a portfolio of instruments. We need to strengthen the other elements of this portfolio and redesign our intellectual property regime to increase its benefits and reduce its costs. Doing so will increase the efficiency of our economy—and most likely even increase the pace of innovation.
Multi-species interactions and the evolution of biological systems
Creators: name: M'Gonigle, Leithen K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this thesis I develop several models examining how genetic evolution can affect evolutionary processes at a broader scale. First, I ask how evolution would proceed at a locus that governs the mutation rate between alleles mediating interactions between hosts and parasites. By relaxing several simplifying assumptions I am able to explore the affects of sex and recombination. I find that, when the modifier locus is completely linked, the mutation rate evolves toward the optimum rate. With looser linkage, however, lower mutation rates evolved. This work can potentially explain the high rates of antigenic switching observed in many asexual taxa. Second, I investigate how ploidy levels and the genetic model underlying species interactions affect how evolution proceeds from a free-living to a parasitic life-history. I find that the transition to parasitism occurs over a broader range of parameters when the parasite is haploid. The role of host ploidy is more complicated, depending on the model governing host-parasite interactions. These results provide a first characterization of how genetic architecture affects selection on life-history in antagonistic species interactions. Third, I develop a model of sexual selection in an environment with spatial variation in the carrying capacity, but no variation in resource type. I show that, when searching for a mate is costly, this variation can stabilize demographic fluctuations, facilitating long-term coexistence of species differing only in sexual traits. This is the first study to demonstrate the existence of conditions under which sexual selection alone can promote the long-term coexistence of ecologically equivalent species in sympatry. Finally, I develop a model characterizing the effects of mating preferences on species interactions in hybrid zones. I find that the spatial distribution of genotypes observed in many "mosaic" hybrid zones might be better explained by species-specific differences in mating than by differences in ecology (the common explanation). In addition, I develop a statistical method that can be applied to empirical hybrid zone data to estimate how "mosaic" the hybrid zone is. I test this statistic on data from the Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis hybrid zone.
Isocurvature perturbations in extra radiation
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Miyamoto, Koichi
name: Nakayama, Kazunori
name: Sekiguchi, Toyokazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent cosmological observations, including measurements of the CMB anisotropy and the primordial helium abundance, indicate the existence of an extra radiation component in the Universe beyond the standard three neutrino species. In this paper we explore the possibility that the extra radiation has isocurvatrue fluctuations. A general formalism to evaluate isocurvature perturbations in the extra radiation is provided in the mixed inflaton-curvaton system, where the extra radiation is produced by the decay of both scalar fields. We also derive constraints on the abundance of the extra radiation and the amount of its isocurvature perturbation. Current observational data favors the existence of an extra radiation component, but does not indicate its having isocurvature perturbation. These constraints are applied to some particle physics motivated models. If future observations detect isocurvature perturbations in the extra radiation, it will give us a hint to the origin of the extra radiation.
description: 41 pages, 8 figures; version accepted for publication in JCAP
Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference - preface
Creators: name: Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E.
name: Fassnacht, Steven R.
name: Baival, Batkhishig
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015

description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Mongolia is a semi-arid and arid country in Asia where the climate has been changing more drastically than many other locations across the globe. The proceedings of the "Trans-disciplinary Research Conference: Building Resilience of Mongolian Rangelands" is divided into five sections: 1) Rangeland Ecology and Management, 2) Climate Change and Hydrology, 3) Institutional Innovations in Mongolian Rangelands, 4) Social and Economic Development in Rural Mongolia, and 5) Methods of Knowledge and Data Integration. The papers presented provide cause for concern regarding observed changes in climate, rangeland conditions and livestock populations, as well as reasons for hope and motivations for action to address the current challenges. We hope that this volume and the conference it accompanies, will inspire renewed commitment to support science and science-based policy-making and management to sustain Mongolia's unique natural and cultural heritage as they adapt to a changing planet.
Design challenges facing clinical trials of the effectiveness of new HIV prevention technologies
Creators: name: Grobler, Anneke C.
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Virology
Epidemiology

description: Recent successes of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV infection have raised questions whether further placebo controlled trials of new HIV-prevention technologies are ethically justifiable. A trial with active agent(s) in the comparator group can be designed either as a superiority or non-inferiority trial. In a non-inferiority trial the hypothesis tested is that the intervention is not inferior to, by a predefined clinically relevant amount, or at least as effective as, the comparator. Non-inferiority trials pose challenges in data interpretation.Firstly it is possible to show equivalence of two non-effective interventions. If the active comparator intervention is ineffective, the new intervention would be shown to be non-inferior to this inactive intervention, while neither intervention is superior to placebo or no intervention. The second challenge is that any effect that dilutes the true efficacy of an intervention in a trial, such as non-adherence, loss to follow-up or protocol violations, makes it easier for the two interventions to be declared equivalent. Non-differential low adherence is unlikely to lead to the conclusion that an inferior intervention is non-inferior. However, differential adherence between study arms, which is more likely in non-blinded trials, is likely to bias the results and lead to incorrect conclusions. Investigators conducting non-inferiority trials will have to pay special attention to supporting, measuring and maintaining high adherence. The goal in future non-inferiority trials should be to maintain similar levels of high adherence in all study arms, but at a minimum to reduce the likelihood of differential adherence across study arms.
Field-Induced Freezing of a Quantum Spin Liquid on the Kagome Lattice
Creators: name: Jeong, M.
name: Bert, F.
name: Mendels, P.
name: Duc, F.
name: Trombe, J. C.
name: de Vries, M. A.
name: Harrison, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 17O NMR measurements in the S=1/2 Cu2+ kagome antiferromagnet Herbertsmithite ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2 down to 45mK in magnetic fields ranging from 2T to 12T. While Herbertsmithite displays a gapless spin-liquid behavior in zero field, we uncover an instability toward a spin-solid phase at sub-kelvin temperature induced by an applied magnetic field. The latter phase shows largely suppressed moments $\lesssim 0.1\muB$ and gapped excitations. The H-T phase diagram suggests the existence of a quantum critical point at the small but finite magnetic field mu0 Hc=1.55(25)T. We discuss this finding in light of the perturbative Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction which was theoretically proposed to sustain a quantum critical regime for the quantum kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet model.
description: One link added for supplemental materials. Published in : Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 237201 (2011)
ALGORI-GAME GIBRID O'QITISH METODIDA GAMIFIKATSIYA ELEMENTLARINING QO'LLANILISHI VA TALABALAR MOTIVATSIYASIGA TA'SIRI
Creators: name: Umarzoda, Shohruh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Maqolada ALGORI-GAME gibrid o'qitish metodida gamifikatsiya elementlarining ta'lim jarayoniga qo‘llanilishi hamda ushbu yondashuvning talabalar motivatsiyasini oshirishga ta'siri ko‘rib chiqilgan. Gamifikatsion elementlar yordamida talabalarning bilim olishga qiziqishlari, raqobat muhitining shakllanishi va o‘quv jarayonining samaradorligi bo‘yicha amaliy tajribalar tahlil etilgan.
Difficulties in applying pure Kohn-Sham density functional theory electronic structure methods to protein molecules
Creators: name: Rudberg, Elias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V55

description: Self-consistency based Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) electronic structure calculations with Gaussian basis sets are reported for a set of 17 protein-like molecules with geometries obtained from the protein data bank. It is found that in many cases such calculations do not converge due to vanishing HOMO-LUMO gaps. A sequence of polyproline I helix molecules is also studied, and it is found that self-consistency calculations using pure functionals fail to converge for helices longer than six proline units. Since the computed gap is strongly correlated to the fraction of Hartree-Fock exchange, test calculations using both pure and hybrid density functionals are reported. The tested methods include the pure functionals BLYP, PBE, and LDA, as well as Hartree-Fock and the hybrid functionals BHandHLYP, B3LYP, and PBE0. The effect of including solvent molecules in the calculations is studied, and it is found that the inclusion of explicit solvent molecules around the protein fragment in many cases gives a larger gap, but that convergence problems due to vanishing gaps still occur in calculations with pure functionals. In order to achieve converged results, some modeling of the charge distribution of solvent water molecules outside the electronic structure calculation is needed. Representing solvent water molecules by a simple point charge distribution is found to give non-vanishing HOMO-LUMO gaps for the tested protein-like systems also for pure functionals.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. To be submitted to Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
Automatic Misalignment Correction in Neuroimages Using Surface Symmetry Priors
Creators: name: Liu, Sheena Xin
name: Kender, John R.
name: Imielinska, Celina Z.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic imaging
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Many brain imaging procedures require the careful alignment of different sets of images obtained in the same individual. The available automatic methods for brain alignment are susceptible to improvement. This paper discusses briefly a new automatic method to reinstall the tilted orientation of head images, using surface symmetry as a prior.
Modeling Real-Time 3-D Lung Deformations for Medical Visualization
Creators: name: Santhanam, Anand P.
name: Imielinska, Celina Z.
name: Davenport, Paul
name: Kupelian, Patrick
name: Rolland, Jannick P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Diagnostic imaging

description: In this paper, we propose a physics-based and physiology-based approach for modeling real-time deformations of 3-D high-resolution polygonal lung models obtained from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of normal human subjects. The physics-based deformation operator is nonsymmetric, which accounts for the heterogeneous elastic properties of the lung tissue and spatial-dynamic flow properties of the air. An iterative approach is used to estimate the deformation with the deformation operator initialized based on the regional alveolar expandability, a key physiology-based parameter. The force applied on each surface node is based on the airflow pattern inside the lungs, which is known to be based on the orientation of the human subject. The validation of lung dynamics is done by resimulating the lung deformation and comparing it with HRCT data and computing force applied on each node derived from a 4-D HRCT dataset of a normal human subject using the proposed deformation operator and verifying its gradient with the orientation.
The Higgs mode in a two-dimensional superfluid
Creators: name: Pollet, L.
name: Prokof'ev, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present solid evidence for the existence of a well-defined Higgs amplitude mode in two-dimensional relativistic field theories based on analytically continued results from quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the Bose-Hubbard model in the vicinity of the superfluid-Mott insulator quantum critical point, featuring emergent particle-hole symmetry and Lorentz-invariance. The Higgs boson, seen as a well-defined low-frequency resonance in the spectral density, is quickly pushed to high energies in the superfluid phase and disappears by merging with the broad secondary peak at the characteristic interaction scale. Simulations of a trapped system of ultra-cold $^{87}$Rb atoms demonstrate that the low-frequency resonance feature is lost for typical experimental parameters, while the characteristic frequency for the onset of strong response is preserved.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures; replaced with published version
title: Art at the service of radiology learning : 3D medical displays as a tool for better understanding of radiographic hip projections
Creators: name: Halut, Marin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Pelvis
subject: Bones
subject: Anatomy
subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: -To describe patient positioning to obtain four different lateral radiographs of the hip. -To explain the radiographic anatomy using CT images obtained on fresh cadavers in the same position. -To use 3D medical reformats for a better spatial...
Employing Symmetry Features for Automatic Misalignment Correction in Neuroimages
Creators: name: Liu, Sheena Xin
name: Kender, John R.
name: Imielinska, Celina Z.
name: Laine, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic imaging
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: A novel method to automatically compute the symmetry plane and to correct the 3D orientation of neuro-images is presented. In acquisition of neuroimaging scans, the lack of perfect alignment of a patient's head makes it challenging to evaluate brain images. By deploying a shape-based criterion, the symmetry plane is defined as a plane that best matches external surface points on one side of the head, with their counterparts on the other side. In our method, the head volume is represented as a re-parameterized surface point cloud, where each location is parameterized by its elevation (latitude), azimuth (longitude), and radius. The search for the best matching surfaces is implemented in a multi-resolution paradigm, and the computation time is significantly decreased. The algorithm was quantitatively evaluated using in both simulated data and in real T1, T2, Flair magnetic resonance patient images. This algorithm is found to be fast (< 10s per MR volume), robust and accurate (< .6 degree of Mean Angular Error), invariant to the acquisition noise, slice thickness, bias field, and pathological asymmetries.
Acknowledgement of conference and proceedings funders
Creators: name: Building Resilience Of Mongolian Rangelands, Organizing Committee
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015

description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: The Organizing Committee of the Building Resilience of Mongolian Rangelands: A Trans-disciplinary Research Conference would like to acknowledge all supporters and organizers of this conference.
Discretely holomorphic parafermions and integrable boundary conditions
Creators: name: Ikhlef, Yacine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In two-dimensional statistical models possessing a discretely holomorphic parafermion, we introduce a modified discrete Cauchy-Riemann equation on the boundary of the domain, and we show that the solution of this equation yields integrable boundary Boltzmann weights. This approach is applied to (i) the square-lattice O(n) loop model, where the exact locations of the special and ordinary transitions are recovered, and (ii) the Fateev-Zamolodchikov $Z_N$ spin model, where a new rotation-invariant, integrable boundary condition is discovered for generic $N$.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Corridors d'extractivisme dans une région enclavée et leurs contributions au développement local : cas de l'arrondissement de Ngoyla (Région de l'Est, Cameroun)
Creators: name: Tatuebu Tagne, C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Corridor
développement local
extractivisme
arrondissement de Ngoyla

description: Résumé Cette étude présente la contribution des corridors d'extraction des ressources naturelles au développement local dans des territoires enclavés. À la faveur de la construction et de l’entretien des routes par les entreprises pour l’exploitation et l’acheminement des ressources prélevées, les localités traversées sont désenclavées progressivement. L’étude s’appuie sur la documentation, les entretiens et les observations de terrain pour relever la contribution des corridors d’extractivisme au développement de Ngoyla. Les résultats montrent que l’aménagement du réseau routier réalisé par les entreprises installées dans la zone se présente comme un instrument de développement bénéficiant aux territoires traversés. En effet, l’infrastructure routière s’est considérablement améliorée dans l’arrondissement de Ngoyla avec l’installation des entreprises et a permis le désenclavement des villages traversés. Au plan socioéconomique cela a entrainé une augmentation rapide de la population dans certaines localités, une augmentation des prix des produits locaux et une disponibilité des produits de première nécessité et la diminution de leurs prix. Abstract This paper presents the contribution of natural resource extraction corridors to local development in landlocked territories. Thanks to the construction and maintenance of roads by the enterprises for the exploitation and transport of collected resources, the crossed localities are gradually opened up. Based on documentation, interviews, field observations, investigations were carried out the contribution of extractivism corridors to local development. The results show that the development of the road network carried out by the companies established in the area is presented as development instrument benefiting the territories crossed. Indeed, the road infrastructure has improved considerably in the Ngoyla subdivision with the installation of enterprises and has made it possible to open up the villages crossed. At the socioeconomic level, this has led to a rapid increase in the population in certain localities, an increase in the prices of local products and the availability of basic products and the reduction of their prices. Keywords : Corridor, local development, extractivism, Ngoyla subdivision