Paracloeodes carolinae Cruz & Salles & Hamada 2018, sp. n.
Creators: name: Cruz, Paulo Vilela
name: Salles, Frederico Falcão
name: Hamada, Neusa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Paracloeodes
Paracloeodes carolinae

description: Paracloeodes carolinae sp. n.
(Figures 8–9)
Diagnosis. Mature nymph. 1) frons with two keels; 2) distolateral margin of labrum with bifid and pectinate setae (Fig. 8B); 3) right mandible incisors partially fused (Fig. 8D); 4) distomedial projection of labial palp 1.6× width of segment III (Fig. 8G); 5) hind wing pads present; 6) anterior surface of forefemur with one row of robust and blunt setae near dorsal margin (Fig. 9A); 7) anterior surface of foretibia bare (Fig. 9A); 8) anterior surface of foretarsus with few pectinate and stout setae (Fig. 9A); 9) ventral margin of foretarsus with one row of pectinate and stout setae (Fig. 9A); 10) foretarsal claw 0.5× length of tarsus; 11) cercus with long spines every two segments (Fig. 9E).
Description. Mature nymph. Length of body: 4.0 mm; cercus: broken; paracercus: lost (n=2). Head light brown. Antenna light brown. Frons with two keels. Antenna (Fig. 8A) with scape and pedicel subcylindrical; flagellum with blunt spines and thin and simple setae on apex of each segment. Labrum (Fig. 8B) rectangular, broader than long; length about 0.8× maximum width; dorsally with thin and simple setae scattered over surface; subapical pair of setae near middle distinguishable from others; near distolateral margin with two long and thin setae distinguishable from others; ventrally with submarginal row of setae composed of robust, bifid and pectinate setae on distal margin; bifid, pectinate and stout setae on distolateral margin; and stout setae on lateral margin; ventral surface with short and stout setae near lateral and distolateral margin. Right mandible (Fig. 8D) with incisors partially fused. Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 2 + 4 denticles. Prostheca slender, bifurcated at middle, inner lobe longer than outer, both pectinate. Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex; tuft of setae at apex of mola present, reduced to a single seta. Lateral margins slightly convex. Left mandible (Fig. 8C) with incisors partially fused. Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 3 + 5 denticles. Prostheca robust, apex with two small digitiform projections. Margin between prostheca and mola straight; subtriangular process wide, above level of area between prostheca and mola; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Lateral margins slightly convex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 8E) with lingua longer than superlingua; distal margin convex; medial tuft of setae present. Superlingua with apex truncated; thin setae scattered over distal margin; lateral margin with short spines. Maxilla (Fig. 8F) medially, on inner margin, with 1 + 1 stout setae. Maxillary palp long, 1.6× length of galea-lacinia; setae on maxillary palp short and thin; palp segment II 1.25× length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 8G) with glossa subequal in length to paraglossa, slightly narrowing toward apex, inner margin bare ventrally; inner margin dorsally with seven stout setae increasing in length apically; apex, dorsally, with three stout setae; outer margin bare ventrally; outer margin with 13 stout setae dorsally; dorsal surface bare; ventral surface scattered with long and thin setae. Paraglossa with pointed apex, apical half of outer margin with one row of five long stout setae ventrally; outer margin, dorsally, with row of 10 long stout setae; dorsal surface with two rows of longitudinal stout setae; ventral surface with one row of four stout setae near inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.8× length of segments II and III combined. Segment II with distomedial protuberance 1.6× width of base of segment III; inner margin covered with short and thin setae; outer margin covered with short and thin setae; dorsally covered with thin setae. Segment III with one row of stout setae ventrally and dorsally on inner margin, length 1.2× width; covered with short and thin setae. Thorax with pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum light brown. Hind wing pads present. Foreleg (Fig. 9A) light brown, with ratio 1.4:(0.35mm):0.8:0.4. Forefemur with length about 3.4× maximum width; dorsal margin with row of concave and stout setae, ventral margin bare; length of setae on dorsal margin about 0.2× maximum width of femur; anterior surface with one row of blunt and stout setae near dorsal margin; posterior surface with few stout setae and one row of blunt setae near ventral margin. Dorsal margin of tibia with blunt and short setae; ventral margin with one row of stout setae, apex with three long and stout setae; anterior surface bare. Dorsal margin of tarsus with scarce short and thin setae; ventral margin with one row of pectinate and stout setae; anterior surface with few pectinate and stout setae; tarsal claw 0.5× length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs similar to foreleg. Abdomen with gills (Fig. 9C) hyaline; margin with narrow spines intercalating short and thin setae. Tracheae restricted to base of main trunk. Gill I shorter than segment II; lanceolate. Gill IV as long as length of segments V and VI combined; lanceolate (Fig. 9F). Gill VII as long as length of segment VIII and IX combined; lanceolate. Paraproct (Fig. 9D) with 22 marginal spines. Caudal filaments light brown. Paracercus lost. Cercus (Fig. 9E) with long spines every two segments.
Etymology. The name of this species is in honor of Dr. Carolina Nieto for her significant contributions to the knowledge of the Ephemeroptera in South America.
Comments. The nymphs of P. carolinae sp. n. and P. assu are similar, but they can be distinguished by the type of setae in the longitudinal row of the forefemur near the dorsal margin, which are blunt in P. carolinae sp. n. and pointed in P. assu; by the anterior and posterior surfaces of the tibiae and tarsi, which are covered by spine-like setae in P. assu, while in P. carolinae sp. n. the tibia surface is bare and tarsi surface possess few spine-like setae; the body length, which is at least 7 mm in P. assu and is 4 mm at most in P. carolinae sp. n.; and by the shape of gills, which are lanceolate in P. carolinae sp. n. and ovate in P. assu.
Material examined. Holotype: nymph, BRAZIL, Bahia state, Rio de Contas, Rio Comburú, Pico do Itobira, 04.viii.2010, 13°26’02.7”S / 41°15’43.9”W, N. Hamada and R. Boldrini cols., INPA. Paratypes: five nymphs (two on slides), same data.
description: Published as part of Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Salles, Frederico Falcão & Hamada, Neusa, 2018, Contribution to the taxonomy of Paracloeode s Day 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from South America, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 4403 (1) on pages 12-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1211917