cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Real-time dynamics at finite temperature by DMRG: A path-integral approach
Creators: name: Sirker, J.
name: Klümper, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a path-integral variant of the DMRG method to calculate real-time correlation functions at arbitrary finite temperatures. To illustrate the method we study the longitudinal autocorrelation function of the $XXZ$-chain. By comparison with exact results at the free fermion point we show that our method yields accurate results up to a limiting time which is determined by the spectrum of the reduced density matrix.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The Past History of Galaxy Clusters told by their present neighbors
Creators: name: Sorce, Jenny G.
name: Gottlöber, Stefan
name: Yepes, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters can play a key role in modern cosmology provided their evolution is properly understood. However, observed clusters give us only a single timeframe of their dynamical state. Therefore, finding present observable data of clusters that are well correlated to their assembly history constitutes an inestimable tool for cosmology. Former studies correlating environmental descriptors of clusters to their formation history are dominated by halo mass - environment relations. This paper presents a mass-free correlation between the present neighbor distribution of cluster-size halos and the latter mass assembly history. From the Big Multidark simulation, we extract two large samples of random halos with masses ranging from Virgo to Coma cluster sizes. Additionally, to find the main environmental culprit for the formation history of the Virgo cluster, we compare the Virgo-size halos to 200 Virgo-like halos extracted from simulations that resemble the local Universe. The number of neighbors at different cluster-centric distances permits discriminating between clusters with different mass accretion histories. Similarly to Virgo-like halos, clusters with numerous neighbors within a distance of about 2 times their virial radius experience a transition at z~1 between an active period of mass accretion, relative to the mean, and a quiet history. On the contrary, clusters with few neighbors share an opposite trend: from passive to active assembly histories. Additionally, clusters with massive companions within about 4 times their virial radius tend to have recent active merging histories. Therefore, the radial distribution of cluster neighbors provides invaluable insights into the past history of these objects.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Counter-Cyclical Agricultural Program Payments: Is It Time to Look at Revenue?
Creators: name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Demand is growing for counter-cyclical farm program payments. One proposal, Supplemental Income Payments for Producers (SIPP), would pay farmers when national farm revenue falls below a certain percentage of average national farm revenue for a crop within a year. The cost of this policy at the 95 percent payment trigger level would have averaged $1.47 billion per year had it been in place from 1977 to 1999. Corn farmers would have received 40 percent of payments, soybean farmers 20 percent, wheat farmers 23 percent, cotton farmers 7 percent, and rice farmers 3 percent. One problem with a national revenue approach is that farmers in a particular state or region could suffer yield losses but still not receive a payment. An alternative policy that addresses this problem could base payments on county revenues or revenues at the crop reporting district level. A county-based program at the 95 percent trigger level would have cost an average of $2.65 billion per year from 1977 to 1999. Corn farmers would have received 35 percent of payments, soybean farmers 22 percent, wheat farmers 22 percent, cotton farmers 10 percent, and rice farmers 2 percent. A revenue guarantee based on past revenue outcomes is likely to influence planting decisions when the market price for a crop falls significantly. Because a drop in market price before planting would greatly increase the likelihood that a farmer would receive a program payment, his or her planting decisions could be significantly influenced by the government program. If, on the other hand, the guarantee was based on the futures market, the farmers' market incentives and government program incentives for planting decisions would be better aligned. Adoption of a SIPP policy at the county or crop reporting district level would greatly decrease the total amount of risk that farmers face, thus decreasing the usefulness of the crop insurance program as it now exists. A more privatized crop insurance program could emerge as insurance companies could offer insurance against losses that would not be covered by program payments.
Das Scherenproblem
Creators: name: Schröer, Harald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Schere, Problem,Fläche, Höhe, Extremum,Maximum,einfach, kompliziert,Modell

description: Ein einfaches und ein etwas komplizierteres Modell der Schere wird betrachtet. Es geht um die maximale Höhe und die maximale Fläche.
Sliding friction and superlubricity of colloidal AFM probes coated by tribo-induced graphitic transfer layers
Creators: name: Buzio, Renato
name: Gerbi, Andrea
name: Bernini, Cristina
name: Repetto, Luca
name: Vanossi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal probe Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) allows to explore sliding friction phenomena in graphite contacts of nominal lateral size up to hundreds of nanometers. It is known that contact formation involves tribo-induced material transfer of graphite flakes from the graphitic substrate to the colloidal probe. In this context, sliding states with nearly-vanishing friction, i.e. superlubricity, may set in. A comprehensive investigation of the transfer layer properties is mandatory to ascertain the origin of superlubricity. Here we explore the friction response of micrometric beads, of different size and pristine surface roughness, sliding on graphite under ambient conditions. We show that such tribosystems undergo a robust transition towards a low-adhesion, low-friction state dominated by mechanical interactions at one dominant tribo-induced nanocontact. Friction force spectroscopy reveals that the nanocontact can be superlubric or dissipative, in fact undergoing a load-driven transition from dissipative stick-slip to continuous superlubric sliding. This behavior is excellently described by the thermally-activated, single-asperity Prandtl-Tomlinson model. Our results indicate that upon formation of the transfer layer, friction depends on the energy landscape experienced by the topographically-highest tribo-induced nanoasperity. Consistently we find larger dissipation when the tribo-induced nanoasperity is sled against surfaces with higher atomic corrugation than graphite, like MoS2 and WS2, in prototypical Van der Waals layered hetero-junctions.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures, published in Langmuir
Near- and mid-infrared observations in the inner tenth of a parsec of the Galactic center -- Detection of proper motion of a filament very close to Sgr~A*
Creators: name: Peißker, Florian
name: Eckart, Andreas
name: Sabha, Nadeen B.
name: Zajaček, Michal
name: Bhat, Harshitha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the gas and dust emission in the immediate vicinity of the supermassive black hole Sgr~A* at the Galactic center (GC) with the ESO VLT (Paranal/Chile) instruments SINFONI and VISIR. The SINFONI H+K data cubes show several emission lines with related line map counterparts. From these lines, the Br$γ$ emission is the most prominent one and appears to be shaped as a bar extending along the North-South direction. With VISIR, we find a dusty counterpart to this filamentary emission. In this work, we present evidence that this feature can be most likely connected to the mini-spiral and potentially influenced by the winds of the massive stars in the central cluster or an accretion wind from Sgr~A*. To this end, we co-add the SINFONI data between 2005 and 2015. The spectroscopic analysis reveals a range of Doppler-shifted emission lines. We also detect substructures in the shape of clumps that can be investigated in the channel maps of the Br$γ$-bar. In addition, we compare the detection of the near-infrared (NIR) Br$γ$ feature to PAH1 mid-infrared (MIR) observations and published 226 GHz radio data. These clumps show a proper motion of about $320$km/s that are consistent with other infrared continuum detected filaments in the Galactic center. Deriving a mass of $2.5\,\times\,10^{-5}\,M_{\odot}$ for the investigated Br$γ$-feature shows an agreement with former derived masses for similar objects. Besides the North-South Br$γ$-bar, we find a comparable additional East-West feature. Also, we identify several gas reservoirs that are located west of Sgr~A* that may harbor dusty objects.
description: 19 pages,6 figures, 8 tables, submitted to and accepted by ApJ
The Bernoulli clock: probabilistic and combinatorial interpretations of the Bernoulli polynomials by circular convolution
Creators: name: Maazouz, Yassine El
name: Pitman, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The factorially normalized Bernoulli polynomials $b_n(x) = B_n(x)/n!$ are known to be characterized by $b_0(x) = 1$ and $b_n(x)$ for $n >0$ is the antiderivative of $b_{n-1}(x)$ subject to $\int_0^1 b_n(x) dx = 0$. We offer a related characterization: $b_1(x) = x - 1/2$ and $(-1)^{n-1} b_n(x)$ for $n >0$ is the $n$-fold circular convolution of $b_1(x)$ with itself. Equivalently, $1 - 2^n b_n(x)$ is the probability density at $x \in (0,1)$ of the fractional part of a sum of $n$ independent random variables, each with the beta$(1,2)$ probability density $2(1-x)$ at $x \in (0,1)$. This result has a novel combinatorial analog, the {\em Bernoulli clock}: mark the hours of a $2 n$ hour clock by a uniform random permutation of the multiset $\{1,1, 2,2, \ldots, n,n\}$, meaning pick two different hours uniformly at random from the $2 n$ hours and mark them $1$, then pick two different hours uniformly at random from the remaining $2 n - 2$ hours and mark them $2$, and so on. Starting from hour $0 = 2n$, move clockwise to the first hour marked $1$, continue clockwise to the first hour marked $2$, and so on, continuing clockwise around the Bernoulli clock until the first of the two hours marked $n$ is encountered, at a random hour $I_n$ between $1$ and $2n$. We show that for each positive integer $n$, the event $( I_n = 1)$ has probability $(1 - 2^n b_n(0))/(2n)$, where $n! b_n(0) = B_n(0)$ is the $n$th Bernoulli number. For $ 1 \le k \le 2 n$, the difference $δ_n(k):= 1/(2n) - ¶( I_n = k)$ is a polynomial function of $k$ with the surprising symmetry $δ_n( 2 n + 1 - k) = (-1)^n δ_n(k)$, which is a combinatorial analog of the well known symmetry of Bernoulli polynomials $b_n(1-x) = (-1)^n b_n(x)$.
KRAM - A Sector Model of Danish Agriculture - Background and Framework Development
Creators: name: Wiborg, Torben
name: Wiborg, Torben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Agricultural production
subject: positive mathematical programming
subject: dynamic agricultural sector model
subject: regions
subject: Markov chain
subject: structural development
subject: crops
subject: pigs
subject: cows
subject: GAMS

description: A model of the Danish agricultural sector named KRAM (KVL's Regionalized Agricultural Model) is developed in this paper. KRAM can be described as a spatial, dynamic, nonlinear, programming sector model. KRAM's purpose is to make policy analysis in the complex market conditions Danish agriculture is working under today. In order to do this in the best possible way the model optimizes the production functions on a very disaggregated level. This allows for analysis of changes in physical constraints to production, as well as price changes. The model is capable of calculating some environmental effects of agricultural production, and provides detailed spatial description of the agricultural economy and production. The time horizon is 10 years, and the model allows farms to develop during those years both in terms of investments on the farm, and in terms of the number of farms in different farm groups. The structural development is determined endogenously using profits and a Markov chain model. The main purpose of this paper is to outline the model, and place it in a theoretical framework. KRAM will be programmed in a set of smaller submodels, in order to ease the implementation of new features. The open structure also reduces the demand for computation power, and reduces the solution time significantly. Later papers will look into the programming, calibration and application of KRAM.
PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND SEGREGATION IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS: NON-GENETICALLY MODIFIED AND SPECIALTY CORN AND SOYBEAN CROPS IN IOWA
Creators: name: Miranowski, John A.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Batres-Marquez, S. Patricia
name: Ishdorj, Ariun
name: Miranowski, John A.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Batres-Marquez, S. Patricia
name: Ishdorj, Ariun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: contracting
subject: cooperatives
subject: corporations
subject: grain handling
subject: industry structure
subject: segregation
subject: specialty crops
subject: transaction costs

description: An important dimension of product differentiation and segregation for specialty crops is the added handling and transaction costs incurred. Some forms of business organization may realize lower costs of providing such services, and if specialty crop production is growing relative to commodity production, these two factors may have implications for industry structure. We use data from an Iowa grain handling survey to test hypotheses developed in the non-empirical transaction-costs literature with respect to organizational and financial governance of cooperatives and private and corporate firms. Preliminary results are discussed with respect to business organizations, added costs, investments, crops, and contracting.
Dynamics-aware Adversarial Attack of Adaptive Neural Networks
Creators: name: Tao, An
name: Duan, Yueqi
name: Wang, Yingqi
name: Lu, Jiwen
name: Zhou, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the dynamics-aware adversarial attack problem of adaptive neural networks. Most existing adversarial attack algorithms are designed under a basic assumption -- the network architecture is fixed throughout the attack process. However, this assumption does not hold for many recently proposed adaptive neural networks, which adaptively deactivate unnecessary execution units based on inputs to improve computational efficiency. It results in a serious issue of lagged gradient, making the learned attack at the current step ineffective due to the architecture change afterward. To address this issue, we propose a Leaded Gradient Method (LGM) and show the significant effects of the lagged gradient. More specifically, we reformulate the gradients to be aware of the potential dynamic changes of network architectures, so that the learned attack better "leads" the next step than the dynamics-unaware methods when network architecture changes dynamically. Extensive experiments on representative types of adaptive neural networks for both 2D images and 3D point clouds show that our LGM achieves impressive adversarial attack performance compared with the dynamic-unaware attack methods. Code is available at https://github.com/antao97/LGM.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2112.09428
Harnessing non-local orbital-to-spin conversion of interfacial orbital currents for efficient spin-orbit torques
Creators: name: Ding, Shilei
name: Ross, Andrew
name: Go, Dongwook
name: Ren, Zengyao
name: Freimuth, Frank
name: Becker, Sven
name: Kammerbauer, Fabian
name: Yang, Jinbo
name: Jakob, Gerhard
name: Mokrousov, Yuriy
name: Kläui, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The system generates two errors of "Bad character(s) in field Abstract" for no reason. Please refer to the manuscript for the full abstract.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
The identification of positive and negative characterists of the Intelligent Careers Card Sort(tm) as experienced by university students
Creators: name: Wnuk, Susan Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to learn about the experiences of university students who completed the Intelligent Careers Card Sort™ (ICCS) exercise, a new career exploration instrument developed by Arthur, a professor of Management in the School of Management at Suffolk University, Boston and by Parker, a lecturer at the University of Auckland. The card sort is based on the Intelligent Careers model, which suggests that there are three career competencies or 'ways of knowing' that individuals need to consider to successfully face the changing workplace. These competencies are 'knowing-why', 'knowing-how', and 'knowing-whom'. The card sort is a self-assessment and exploration instrument, which allows clients to see to what degree and how they express these competencies. This study was completed in two phases. During the first phase, the ICCS was administered to 28 students who were participants in Career Development Groups at UBC's Counselling Services. These students also completed a brief demographic questionnaire. During the second phase, 20 of those students who completed the ICCS participated in a 30-minute focus group interview that took place three weeks after administration of the card sort. The focus group interviews were audio-taped and transcribed and the contents were analyzed for common themes. Seven different themes and 33 sub-themes were established. The students in general thought the ICCS was a useful part of the Career Development Groups, and they also made constructive suggestions for improving implementation.
ON THE PREMIUM FOR REVENUE INSURANCE UNDER JOINT PRICE AND YIELD RISK
Creators: name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: concordance order
subject: revenue insurance

description: This note provides two results pertaining to the pricing of agricultural revenue insurance contracts under joint price and yield risk. First, a weakening of the concordance ordering is used to sign the effect of greater dependence between the multiplicative risks (price and yield) on the expected indemnity payment. Second, sufficient conditions are found when the premium rate for revenue insurance is smaller (greater) than the premium for the corresponding single risk (price or yield) insurance.
Analysis of charmonium production at fixed-target experiments in the NRQCD approach
Creators: name: Maltoni, F.
name: Spengler, J.
name: Bargiotti, M.
name: Bertin, A.
name: Bruschi, M.
name: De Castro, S.
name: Fabbri, L.
name: Faccioli, P.
name: Giacobbe, B.
name: Grimaldi, F.
name: Massa, I.
name: Piccinini, M.
name: Semprini-Cesari, N.
name: Spighi, R.
name: Villa, M.
name: Vitale, A.
name: Zoccoli, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the existing data on charmonium hadro-production based on non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) calculations at the next-to-leading order (NLO). All the data on J/psi and psi' production in fixed-target experiments and on pp collisions at low energy are included. We find that the amount of color octet contribution needed to describe the data is about 1/10 of that found at the Tevatron.
EOSC-hub D4.3 Policies and Procedures for the Production Infrastructure
Creators: name: Vicente, David
name: Testi, Debora
name: Viljoen, Matthew
name: Paolini, Alessandro
name: Malgorzata Krakowian
name: Appleton, Owen
name: Holsinger, Sy
name: Bierenbaum, Isabella
name: Weber, Pavel
name: Pina, João
name: Reetz, Johannes
name: Groep, David
name: Kelsey, David
name: Cornwall, Linda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This deliverable provides an overview of the operational processes, policies and procedures applicable to the services of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) Portfolios. This is achieved by providing a description of the proposed EOSC hub Service Management System including background of its development and plans for future activities.
Optimal Design of a Voluntary Green Payment Program Under Asymmetric Information
Creators: name: Wu, JunJie
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Green payment programs, where the government pays farmers directly for environmental benefits, have been proposed as an alternative to the current method of achieving environmental benefits by restricting farming practices in exchange for deficiency payments. This paper presents a voluntary green payment program using the principles of mechanism design under asymmetric information. The information asymmetry arises because government knows only the distribution of individual farmers' production situations, rather than farm-specific information. The program is applied to irrigated corn production in the Oklahoma Panhandle, where nitrogen fertilizer is a nonpoint source of pollution. We demonstrate empirically that a green payment program can increase farm income, decrease pollution, and increase the net social value of corn production relative to current deficiency payment programs.
Computing Average Per Acre Indemnity Payments for Corn in Iowa
Creators: name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Smith, Darnell B.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Smith, Darnell B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study estimates average per acre indemnity payments for Iowa corn for traditional multiple-peril crop insurance and two new revenue insurance products, Crop Revenue Coverage and Income Protection. Yield and price difference distributions are formed and employed in 1,000 simulation runs. From these simulations, corn yields for all 99 Iowa countries and futures prices are collected. These are used to calculate per acre indemnities under the three insurance products. Income Protection has the smallest per acre indemnities across the state, followed by multiple-peril and Crop Revenue Coverage. Per acre indemnities are the lowest in northwest Iowa and highest in southeast Iowa.
Transition to Markets and the Environment: Effects of the Change in the Composition of Manufacturing Output
Creators: name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Solakoglu, Ebru G.
name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Solakoglu, Ebru G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: The paper measures the changes in environmental quality that occurred in the early years of economic transition for 12 former centrally planned economies using information on 13 pollution effluents in the manufacturing sector and the energy intensity of the value added. For the manufacturing sector, the change in the pollution is separated into scale and composition effects. Pollution decreases substantially in most countries because of large decreases in aggregate manufacturing activity. The composition effect is more diverse depending on the effluent type and country. We examine the reduced form relationship between composition effects coupled with the energy intensity rate of change and the extent of policy reforms. The results indicate a strong relationship between environmental improvement and price liberalization, trade and foreign exchange reforms, enterprise restructuring, and privatization reforms. In addition, the amplification of the environmental regulatory regime causes a shift towards a less-polluting allocation of resources.
Designing Ecosystems of Intelligence from First Principles
Creators: name: Friston, Karl J
name: Ramstead, Maxwell J D
name: Kiefer, Alex B
name: Tschantz, Alexander
name: Buckley, Christopher L
name: Albarracin, Mahault
name: Pitliya, Riddhi J
name: Heins, Conor
name: Klein, Brennan
name: Millidge, Beren
name: Sakthivadivel, Dalton A R
name: Smithe, Toby St Clere
name: Koudahl, Magnus
name: Tremblay, Safae Essafi
name: Petersen, Capm
name: Fung, Kaiser
name: Fox, Jason G
name: Swanson, Steven
name: Mapes, Dan
name: René, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This white paper lays out a vision of research and development in the field of artificial intelligence for the next decade (and beyond). Its denouement is a cyber-physical ecosystem of natural and synthetic sense-making, in which humans are integral participants -- what we call ''shared intelligence''. This vision is premised on active inference, a formulation of adaptive behavior that can be read as a physics of intelligence, and which inherits from the physics of self-organization. In this context, we understand intelligence as the capacity to accumulate evidence for a generative model of one's sensed world -- also known as self-evidencing. Formally, this corresponds to maximizing (Bayesian) model evidence, via belief updating over several scales: i.e., inference, learning, and model selection. Operationally, this self-evidencing can be realized via (variational) message passing or belief propagation on a factor graph. Crucially, active inference foregrounds an existential imperative of intelligent systems; namely, curiosity or the resolution of uncertainty. This same imperative underwrites belief sharing in ensembles of agents, in which certain aspects (i.e., factors) of each agent's generative world model provide a common ground or frame of reference. Active inference plays a foundational role in this ecology of belief sharing -- leading to a formal account of collective intelligence that rests on shared narratives and goals. We also consider the kinds of communication protocols that must be developed to enable such an ecosystem of intelligences and motivate the development of a shared hyper-spatial modeling language and transaction protocol, as a first -- and key -- step towards such an ecology.
description: 23+18 pages, one figure, one six page appendix
Prediction of $B_c\to Dπ$ in the pQCD approach
Creators: name: Cheng, Jian-Feng
name: Du, Dong-Sheng
name: Lu, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the branching ratios and direct CP asymmetries of $B_c^+\to D^0π^+$ and $B_c^+\to D^+π^0$ decays in the PQCD approach. All the diagrams with emission topology or annihilation topology are calculated strictly. A branching ratio of $10^{-6}$ and $10^{-7}$ for $B_c^+\to D^0π^+$ and $B_c^+\to D^+π^0$ decay is predicted, respectively. Because of the different weak phase and strong phase from penguin operator and two kinds of tree operator contributions, we predict a possible large direct CP violation: $A^{\rm dir}_{cp} (B_c^\pm \to D^0 π^\pm)\approx -50%$ and $A^{\rm dir}_{cp} (B_c^\pm \to D^\pm π^0)\approx 25%$ when $γ=55^\circ$, which can be tested in the coming LHC.
description: The numerical results have been updated and some errors have been corrected. (10 pages, 16 figures, revtex4)
Beyond Water-Quality Regulations for CAFOs? Manure Management Costs to Meet Air-Quality Objectives
Creators: name: Aillery, Marcel P.
name: Gollehon, Noel R.
name: Aillery, Marcel P.
name: Gollehon, Noel R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: manure management
subject: confined animals
subject: water quality
subject: air quality
subject: regional optimization
subject: Chesapeake Bay

description: Federal policy on manure management has focused on water-quality protection. However, animal agriculture is an important source of ammonia-nitrogen and other air emissions, increasing attention on air-quality concerns. Policies to address air emissions would influence both the costs of meeting water-quality objectives and environmental tradeoffs. We consider hypothetical policies at a regional level.
Life at the Landau pole
Creators: name: Romatschke, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a quantum field theory has a Landau pole, the theory is usually called 'sick' and dismissed as a candidate for an interacting UV-complete theory. In a recent study on the interacting 4d O(N) model at large N, it was shown that at the Landau pole, observables remain well-defined and finite. In this work, I study both relevant and irrelevant deformations of the said model at the Landau pole, finding that physical observables remain unaffected. Apparently, the Landau pole in this theory is benign. As a phenomenological application, I compare the O(N) model to QCD, by identifying $Λ_{\overline{\rm MS}}$ with the Landau pole in the O(N) model.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures; v2: typos fixed, slightly expanded discussion; v3: expanded discussion, more typos fixed, matches version accepted for publication
The Use of Videotaped Segments of The Apprentice in a Food and Agricultural Sales Class: The Case of ApEc 3451
Creators: name: Nefstead, Ward E.
name: Johansson, David
name: Nefstead, Ward E.
name: Johansson, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This paper described the incorporation of selected segments of the Apprentice Series into an Ag and Food Sales course. A description of the use of these segments and student evaluation of the experience are also included.
The Effects of Access to Credit on Productivity Among Microenterprises: Separating Technological Changes from Changes in Technical Efficiency
Creators: name: Jimi, Nusrat Abedin
name: Nikolov, Plamen
name: Malek, Mohammad Abdul
name: Kumbhakar, Subal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Improving productivity among farm microenterprises is important, especially in low-income countries where market imperfections are pervasive and resources are scarce. Relaxing credit constraints can increase the productivity of farmers. Using a field experiment involving microenterprises in Bangladesh, we estimate the impact of access to credit on the overall productivity of rice farmers, and disentangle the total effect into technological change (frontier shift) and technical efficiency changes. We find that relative to the baseline rice output per decimal, access to credit results in, on average, approximately a 14 percent increase in yield, holding all other inputs constant. After decomposing the total effect into the frontier shift and efficiency improvement, we find that, on average, around 11 percent of the increase in output comes from changes in technology, or frontier shift, while the remaining 3 percent is attributed to improvements in technical efficiency. The efficiency gain is higher for modern hybrid rice varieties, and almost zero for traditional rice varieties. Within the treatment group, the effect is greater among pure tenant and mixed-tenant farm households compared with farmers that only cultivate their own land.
Gamma-ray bursts as dark energy-matter probes in the context of the generalized Chaplygin gas model
Creators: name: Bertolami, O.
name: Silva, P. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the use of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) as distance markers to study the unification of dark energy and dark matter in the context of the so-called Generalized Chaplygin Gas (GCG) model. We consider that the GRB luminosity may be estimated from its variability, time-lag, and also use the so-called Ghirlanda relation. We evaluate the improvements one may expect once more GRBs and their redshift become available. We show that although GRBs allow for extending the Hubble diagram to higher redshifts, its use as a dark energy probe is limited when compared to SNe Ia. We find that the information from GRBs can provide some bounds on the amount of dark matter and dark energy independently of the equation of state. This is particularly evident for XCDM-type models, which are, for low-redshifts ($z\leq2$), degenerate with the GCG.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, submitted to the MNRAS
Cryptanalysis of Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol with Mutual Authentication Based on Single Photons and Bell States
Creators: name: Das, Nayana
name: Paul, Goutam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, Yan et al. proposed a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol with authentication using single photons and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs (Yan et al., CMC-Computers, Materials \& Continua, 63(3), 2020). In this work, we show that the QSDC protocol is not secure against intercept-and-resend attack and impersonation attack. An eavesdropper can get the full secret message by applying these attacks. We propose a modification of this protocol, which defeats the above attacks along with all the familiar attacks.
On farm conservation of rice biodiversity in Nepal
Creators: name: Van Dusen, M. Eric
name: Gauchan, Devendra
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Van Dusen, M. Eric
name: Gauchan, Devendra
name: Smale, Melinda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This paper presents an empirical case study about farmer management of rice genetic resources in two communities of Nepal, drawing on interdisciplinary, participatory research that involved farmers, plant breeders, and social scientists. The decision-making process of farm households is modeled and estimated in order to provide information for the design of community-based conservation programs. A bivariate model with sample selection treats the simultaneous process of whether farmers decide to plant landraces or modern varieties, and whether the landraces they choose to plant constitute genetic diversity of interest for future crop improvement. Findings show that the two landrace choices are affected by different social and economic factors, indicating that they are separate decision processes. Policies to promote the conservation of local rice diversity will need to take both processes into account. Fitted equations are then used to compare the likelihood that households targeted for conservation according to one set of conservation criteria also meet other conservation criteria. Households most likely to plant landraces identified as important for crop improvement also grow richer, more spatially diverse rice varieties. In these communities, few policy trade-offs would result from employing one set of criteria instead of the other.
On the AF-algebra of a Hecke eigenform
Creators: name: Nikolaev, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F03, 46L85

description: An AF-algebra is assigned to each cusp form f of weight two; we study properties of this operator algebra, when f is a Hecke eigenform.
description: 8 pages; to appear Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc
Spin-resolved spectroscopy using a quantum dot defined in InAs 2DEG
Creators: name: Danilenko, Alisa
name: Pöschl, Andreas
name: Sabonis, Deividas
name: Vlachodimitropoulos, Vasileios
name: Thomas, Candice
name: Manfra, Michael J.
name: Marcus, Charles M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We realize a device, based on InAs two-dimensional electron gas proximitized by superconducting Al, which allows a single quantum dot level to be used as a spectrometer of the density of states in a nanowire. Applying a magnetic field parallel to the plane of the device causes the levels of the dot to split, enabling spin resolved spectroscopy. Using this method, we are able to study the spin and charge polarization of the allowed transport through sub-gap states which form in the nanowire and evolve with varying magnetic field and gate voltage.
Apeira syringaria
Creators: name: Joos, R Enato
name: Fritsch, Dieter
name: Bryner, Rudolf
name: Billen, Wolfgang
name: Wicki, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Geometridae
Apeira
Apeira syringaria

description: 7630 Apeira syringaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Basel (BS), Hörnli, und Münchenstein (BL), Merian Gärten. Die Art fliegt von Ende Juni bis Ende August und war früher häufig. Sie hat aber in den letzten Jahren grosse Arealverluste erlitten und konnte nach 2000 nur noch an wenigen Orten in der Region nachgewiesen werden.
description: Published as part of Joos, R Enato, Fritsch, Dieter, Bryner, Rudolf, Billen, Wolfgang & Wicki, Christoph, 2018, Vielfalt der nachtaktiven Gross- und Kleinschmetterlinge in zwei Parkanlagen bei Basel, pp. 57-71 in Entomo Helvetica 11 on page 62, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986024, http://zenodo.org/record/8034307
Realized Volatility in the Agricultural Futures Market
Creators: name: Wang, Yuanfang
name: Roberts, Matthew C.
name: Wang, Yuanfang
name: Roberts, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: realized volatility
subject: GARCH models
subject: ARFIMA models
subject: distribution

description: Users of agricultural markets always need to establish accurate representations of future volatility. This paper investigates the properties of realized volatility in the soybean futures market. The results indicate that the distributional properties of realized volatility based on 5-minute returns largely correspond with existing literature. The findings of three volatility measures confirm that the Mixture of Distributions Hypothesis (MDH) is valid. In contrast, the standardized daily returns display some different properties compared with stock and exchange rate data. Moreover, the parametric ARFIMA and GARCH models reflect same patterns as described in nonparametric analysis.
Discovery of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of short GRB181123B at $z =1.754$: Implications for Delay Time Distributions
Creators: name: Paterson, K.
name: Fong, W.
name: Nugent, A.
name: Escorial, A. Rouco
name: Leja, J.
name: Laskar, T.
name: Chornock, R.
name: Miller, A. A.
name: Scharwächter, J.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Perley, D.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Levan, A.
name: Cucchiara, A.
name: Cobb, B. E.
name: De, K.
name: Berger, E.
name: Terreran, G.
name: Alexander, K. D.
name: Nicholl, M.
name: Blanchard, P. K.
name: Cornish, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of the {\it Swift} short-duration gamma-ray burst, GRB\,181123B. Observations with Gemini-North starting at $\approx 9.1$~hr after the burst reveal a faint optical afterglow with $i\approx25.1$~mag, at an angular offset of 0.59 $\pm$ 0.16$''$ from its host galaxy. Using $grizYJHK$ observations, we measure a photometric redshift of the host galaxy of $z = 1.77^{+0.30}_{-0.17}$. From a combination of Gemini and Keck spectroscopy of the host galaxy spanning 4500-18000~Å, we detect a single emission line at 13390~Å, inferred as H$β$ at $z = 1.754 \pm 0.001$ and corroborating the photometric redshift. The host galaxy properties of GRB\,181123B are typical to those of other SGRB hosts, with an inferred stellar mass of $\approx 1.7 \times 10^{10}\,M_{\odot}$, mass-weighted age of $\approx 0.9$~Gyr and optical luminosity of $\approx 0.9L^{*}$. At $z=1.754$, GRB\,181123B is the most distant secure SGRB with an optical afterglow detection, and one of only three at $z>1.5$. Motivated by a growing number of high-$z$ SGRBs, we explore the effects of a missing $z>1.5$ SGRB population among the current {\it Swift} sample on delay time distribution models. We find that log-normal models with mean delay times of $\approx 4-6$~Gyr are consistent with the observed distribution, but can be ruled out to $95\%$ confidence with an additional $\approx1-5$~{\it Swift} SGRBs recovered at $z>1.5$. In contrast, power-law models with $\propto$ $t^{-1}$ are consistent with the redshift distribution and can accommodate up to $\approx30$ SGRBs at these redshifts. Under this model, we predict that $\approx 1/3$ of the current {\it Swift} population of SGRBs is at $z>1$. The future discovery or recovery of existing high-$z$ SGRBs will provide significant discriminating power on their delay time distributions, and thus their formation channels.
Measuring the Gains to Groundwater Management with Recursive Utility
Creators: name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Msangi, Siwa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Recursive Utility
subject: Dynamic Games
subject: Groundwater Policy

description: The current literature on non-cooperative and strategic groundwater extraction assumes user behavior that conforms to the highly stylized assumption of time-additive separability of the individual's objective criterion. This paper examines how the measured gains to management changes when this assumption is relaxed in favor of a recursive utility specification that takes path-dependency into account in modeling the behavior under both the non-cooperative and central management regimes. Application of this framework to the empirical case of Kern County, California shows that the difference in measured management gains is significantly larger than that which is measured under the assumption of time-additive separability. The paper also shows how the computational method of assessing the benefits over time must be modified in order to properly account for these management gains.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/20/05.
1/f spectrum in the information transfer model for mass extinction
Creators: name: Yoon, B. -G.
name: Chung, M. S.
name: Choi, M. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the information transfer model for biological evolution with several kinds of fitness function. The system is stimulated to volve into a stationary state, depending on the fitness function and on the dimension of the lattice formed by the species. In particular the system yields time series of the mutation rate which exhibits the $1/f$ spectrum, thus explains the power-law behavior in fossil data. Effects of shortcuts introduced on the lattice are also examined and the evolution activity is usually found to increase in a well-growing system although the reduction of the overall activity may also be observed in the presence of shortcuts, depending on the initial configuration.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Preferential attachment of communities: the same principle, but a higher level
Creators: name: Pollner, Peter
name: Palla, Gergely
name: Vicsek, Tamas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The graph of communities is a network emerging above the level of individual nodes in the hierarchical organisation of a complex system. In this graph the nodes correspond to communities (highly interconnected subgraphs, also called modules or clusters), and the links refer to members shared by two communities. Our analysis indicates that the development of this modular structure is driven by preferential attachment, in complete analogy with the growth of the underlying network of nodes. We study how the links between communities are born in a growing co-authorship network, and introduce a simple model for the dynamics of overlapping communities.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Low-Complexity System and Algorithm for an Emergency Ventilator Sensor and Alarm
Creators: name: Corey, Ryan M.
name: Widloski, Evan M.
name: Null, David
name: Ricconi, Brian
name: Johnson, Mark
name: White, Karen
name: Amos, Jennifer R.
name: Pagano, Alex
name: Oelze, Michael
name: Switzky, Rachel
name: Wheeler, Matthew B.
name: Bethke, Eliot
name: Shipley, Clifford
name: Singer, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In response to the shortage of ventilators caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations have designed low-cost emergency ventilators. Many of these devices are pressure-cycled pneumatic ventilators, which are easy to produce but often do not include the sensing or alarm features found on commercial ventilators. This work reports a low-cost, easy-to-produce electronic sensor and alarm system for pressure-cycled ventilators that estimates clinically useful metrics such as pressure and respiratory rate and sounds an alarm when the ventilator malfunctions. A low-complexity signal processing algorithm uses a pair of nonlinear recursive envelope trackers to monitor the signal from an electronic pressure sensor connected to the patient airway. The algorithm, inspired by those used in hearing aids, requires little memory and performs only a few calculations on each sample so that it can run on nearly any microcontroller.
description: Open-source hardware and software: https://rapidalarm.github.io/