cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Regular Polygonal Complexes of Higher Ranks in E^3
Creators: name: Schulte, Egon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51M20, 52B15

description: The paper establishes that the rank of a regular polygonal complex in 3-space E^3 cannot exceed 4, and that the only regular polygonal complexes of rank 4 in 3-space are the eight regular 4-apeirotopes.
An f(R) model for dark matter: rotation curves and gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Shojai, F.
name: Shojai, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There should be two ways to describe the flat rotation curves of galaxies and cluster of galaxies. Either one can introduce a dark matter component for the matter filling the halo, or by modifying the gravity theory and give the flat rotation curve a geometrical nature. Here we adopt an f(R) model suitable for describing the effect. After matching the solution with the exterior solution, the effective density, radial and tangential pressures are obtained. Then the energy conditions and lensing effect is investigated.
Optimum topology of quasi-one dimensional nonlinear optical quantum systems
Creators: name: Lytel, Rick
name: Shafei, Shoresh
name: Kuzyk, Mark G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the optimum topology of quasi-one dimensional nonlinear optical structures using generalized quantum graph models. Quantum graphs are relational graphs endowed with a metric and a multiparticle Hamiltonian acting on the edges, and have a long application history in aromatic compounds, mesoscopic and artificial materials, and quantum chaos. Quantum graphs have recently emerged as models of quasi-one dimensional electron motion for simulating quantum-confined nonlinear optical systems. This paper derives the nonlinear optical properties of quantum graphs containing the basic star vertex and compares their responses across topological and geometrical classes. We show that such graphs have exactly the right topological properties to generate energy spectra required to achieve large, intrinsic optical nonlinearities. The graphs have the exquisite geometrical sensitivity required to tune wave function overlap in a way that optimizes the transition moments. We show that this class of graphs consistently produces intrinsic optical nonlinearities near the fundamental limits. We discuss the application of the models to the prediction and development of new nonlinear optical structures.
Toward Artificial Mussel-Glue Proteins: Differentiating Sequence Modules for Adhesion and Switchable Cohesion
Creators: name: Sandra, Arias López
name: Amini, Shahrouz
name: Horsch, Justus
name: Pretzler, Matthias
name: Rompel, Annette
name: Melnyk, Inga
name: Sychev, Dmitrii
name: Fery, Andreas
name: Börner, Hans G.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: adhesion
subject: cohesion control
subject: enzyme-induced polymerization
subject: mussel glue
subject: sythetic protein
subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Artificial mussel‐glue proteins with pH‐triggered cohesion control were synthesized by extending the tyrosinase activated polymerization of peptides to sequences with specific modules for cohesion control. The high propensity of these sequence sections to adopt β‐sheets is suppressed by switch defects. This allows enzymatic activation and polymerization to proceed undisturbed. The β‐sheet formation is regained after polymerization by changing the pH from 5.5 to 6.8, thereby triggering O→N acyl transfer rearrangements that activate the cohesion mechanism. The resulting artificial mussel glue proteins exhibit rapid adsorption on alumina surfaces. The coatings resist harsh hypersaline conditions, and reach remarkable adhesive energies of 2.64 mJ m−2 on silica at pH 6.8. In in situ switch experiments, the minor pH change increases the adhesive properties of a coating by 300 % and nanoindentation confirms the cohesion mechanism to improve bulk stiffness by around 200 %.
$\mathsf{G^2Retro}$ as a Two-Step Graph Generative Models for Retrosynthesis Prediction
Creators: name: Chen, Ziqi
name: Ayinde, Oluwatosin R.
name: Fuchs, James R.
name: Sun, Huan
name: Ning, Xia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Retrosynthesis is a procedure where a target molecule is transformed into potential reactants and thus the synthesis routes can be identified. Recently, computational approaches have been developed to accelerate the design of synthesis routes. In this paper, we develop a generative framework $\mathsf{G^2Retro}$ for one-step retrosynthesis prediction. $\mathsf{G^2Retro}$ imitates the reversed logic of synthetic reactions. It first predicts the reaction centers in the target molecules (products), identifies the synthons needed to assemble the products, and transforms these synthons into reactants. $\mathsf{G^2Retro}$ defines a comprehensive set of reaction center types, and learns from the molecular graphs of the products to predict potential reaction centers. To complete synthons into reactants, $\mathsf{G^2Retro}$ considers all the involved synthon structures and the product structures to identify the optimal completion paths, and accordingly attaches small substructures sequentially to the synthons. Here we show that $\mathsf{G^2Retro}$ is able to better predict the reactants for given products in the benchmark dataset than the state-of-the-art methods.
Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry in top quark-antiquark production in ppbar collisions using the lepton+jets channel
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the forward--backward asymmetry in top quark-antiquark production using the full Tevatron Run II dataset collected by the D0 experiment at Fermilab. The measurement is performed in lepton+jets final states using a new kinematic fitting algorithm for events with four or more jets and a new partial reconstruction algorithm for events with only three jets. Corrected for detector acceptance and resolution effects, the asymmetry is evaluated to be 10.6+-3.0 %. Results are consistent with the standard model predictions which range from 5.0% to 8.8%. We also present the dependence of the asymmetry on the invariant mass of the top quark--antiquark system and the difference in rapidities of top quark and antiquark.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 11 tables, to be submitted to PRD
Motion Estimation for Fisheye Video With an Application to Temporal Resolution Enhancement
Creators: name: Eichenseer, Andrea
name: Bätz, Michel
name: Kaup, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Surveying wide areas with only one camera is a typical scenario in surveillance and automotive applications. Ultra wide-angle fisheye cameras employed to that end produce video data with characteristics that differ significantly from conventional rectilinear imagery as obtained by perspective pinhole cameras. Those characteristics are not considered in typical image and video processing algorithms such as motion estimation, where translation is assumed to be the predominant kind of motion. This contribution introduces an adapted technique for use in block-based motion estimation that takes into the account the projection function of fisheye cameras and thus compensates for the non-perspective properties of fisheye videos. By including suitable projections, the translational motion model that would otherwise only hold for perspective material is exploited, leading to improved motion estimation results without altering the source material. In addition, we discuss extensions that allow for a better prediction of the peripheral image areas, where motion estimation falters due to spatial constraints, and further include calibration information to account for lens properties deviating from the theoretical function. Simulations and experiments are conducted on synthetic as well as real-world fisheye video sequences that are part of a data set created in the context of this paper. Average synthetic and real-world gains of 1.45 and 1.51 dB in luminance PSNR are achieved compared against conventional block matching. Furthermore, the proposed fisheye motion estimation method is successfully applied to motion compensated temporal resolution enhancement, where average gains amount to 0.79 and 0.76 dB.
title: Dürfen Maschinen menschliche Barmherzigkeit ersetzen?
title: Die rechtliche Perspektive
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Stöger, Karl
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2020

description: In den letzten Jahren wird – nicht zuletzt wegen einer Knappheit an Pflegekräften – immer mehr über die Anwendung neuer (digitaler) Techniken in der Pflege nachgedacht. Diese Digitalisierung der Pflege bringt nicht nur zahlreiche ethische, sondern auch rechtliche Herausforderungen mit sich. Einigen dieser rechtlichen Herausforderungen ist dieser Text gewidmet, der eine Ergänzung der ethischen Perspektive bieten möchte. Zuerst wird aus primär menschenrechtlicher Sicht die Frage behandelt, in welchem Umfang eine Ersetzung menschlicher Pflege durch maschinelle Pflege überhaupt zulässig ist. Weitere Fragen, die auch, aber nicht nur die Pflege betreffen, sind datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte digitaler Überwachung und Betreuung sowie die mögliche Rechtspersönlichkeit zukünftig vielleicht autonom agierender Pflegesysteme.
description: In recent years the application of new (digital) technologies in nursing and care has been increasingly discussed, not least because of a shortage of nursing and care staff. The digitalisation of nursing and care work not only poses numerous ethical but also legal challenges. The present paper focuses on some of these challenges, thus providing an additional point of view beyond that of ethics. First, a human rights perspective on the question to what extent human nursing and care is allowed to be replaced by machines will be presented. Further issues that will be raised, which also but not exclusively relate to nursing and care, are data protection with regard to digital monitoring and nursing/care as well as the potential legal entity of nursing and care systems which may act autonomously in the future.
description: Limina, 3(2), 131-148
On the C*-algebra Generated by Toeplitz Operators and Fourier Multipliers on the Hardy Space of a Locally Compact Group
Creators: name: Gül, Uğur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B35

description: Let $G$ be a locally compact abelian Hausdorff topological group which is non-compact and whose Pontryagin dual $Γ$ is partially ordered. Let $Γ^{+}\subsetΓ$ be the semigroup of positive elements in $Γ$. The Hardy space $H^{2}(G)$ is the closed subspace of $L^{2}(G)$ consisting of functions whose Fourier transforms are supported on $Γ^{+}$. In this paper we consider the C*-algebra $C^{*}(\mathcal{T}(G)\cup F(C(\dot{Γ^{+}})))$ generated by Toeplitz operators with continuous symbols on $G$ which vanish at infinity and Fourier multipliers with symbols which are continuous on one point compactification of $Γ^{+}$ on the Hilbert-Hardy space $H^{2}(G)$. We characterize the character space of this C*-algebra using a theorem of Power.
description: 11 pages
Generation of photons from vacuum in cavity via time-modulation of a qubit invisible to the field
Creators: name: de Paula, M V S
name: Sinesio, W W T
name: Dodonov, A V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for generation of photons from vacuum due to time-modulation of a quantum system coupled indirectly to the cavity field through some ancilla quantum subsystem. We consider the simplest case when the modulation is applied to an artificial 2-level atom (we call t-qubit), while the ancilla is a stationary qubit coupled via the dipole interaction both to the cavity and t-qubit. We find that tripartite entangled states with a small number of photons can be generated from the system ground state under resonant modulations, even when the t-qubit is far detuned from both the ancilla and the cavity, provided its bare and modulation frequencies are properly adjusted as function of other system parameters. We attest our approximate analytic results by numeric simulations and show that photon generation from vacuum persists in the presence of common dissipation mechanisms.
Governing Culture: A Social Network Analysis of the Culture System in the Chinese Bureaucracy
Creators: name: Li, Yanni
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Stanford Global Studies
subject: East Asian Studies
subject: Chinese bureaucracy
subject: China
subject: Culture
subject: Social sciences--Network analysis
subject: Local government

description: This thesis explores the organizational side of governing the cultural sphere in China by analyzing the Culture System in the bureaucracy. The goal is two-fold—first, to understand the overall structure that governs the culture sector in the Chinese Party-state, and second, to use empirical data to examine the Culture System at the municipal and county levels, which contributes to the lack of research on the local structure of the system. This thesis utilizes social network analysis (SNA) to analyze the interconnectedness and structural patterns of the Culture System, using datasets of personnel flow and multi-job holding (jianzhi) in a Chinese province. The main finding here is the significant difference between the municipal and county levels. At the municipal level, we can observe a cohesive Culture System that is tied together through mobility and jianzhi relations, which does not exist at the county level. Another main finding is the centrality of the Publicity Department through its connections with important bureaus in the bureaucracy and the distinct structural position it occupies, evidencing its leadership status in the system.
Regge models of proton diffractive dissociation based on factorization and structure functions
Creators: name: Jenkovszky, László
name: Schicker, Rainer
name: Szanyi, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results by the authors on proton diffractive dissociation (single, double and central) in the low-mass resonance region with emphasis on the LHC kinematics are reviewed and updated. Based on the previous ideas that the contribution of the inelastic proton-Pomeron vertex can be described by the proton structure function, the contribution of the inelastic Pomeron-Pomeron vertex appearing in central diffraction is now described by a Pomeron structure function.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
I Know What You Trained Last Summer: A Survey on Stealing Machine Learning Models and Defences
Creators: name: Oliynyk, Daryna
name: Mayer, Rudolf
name: Rauber, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2

description: Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) has become a widespread paradigm, making even the most complex machine learning models available for clients via e.g. a pay-per-query principle. This allows users to avoid time-consuming processes of data collection, hyperparameter tuning, and model training. However, by giving their customers access to the (predictions of their) models, MLaaS providers endanger their intellectual property, such as sensitive training data, optimised hyperparameters, or learned model parameters. Adversaries can create a copy of the model with (almost) identical behavior using the the prediction labels only. While many variants of this attack have been described, only scattered defence strategies have been proposed, addressing isolated threats. This raises the necessity for a thorough systematisation of the field of model stealing, to arrive at a comprehensive understanding why these attacks are successful, and how they could be holistically defended against. We address this by categorising and comparing model stealing attacks, assessing their performance, and exploring corresponding defence techniques in different settings. We propose a taxonomy for attack and defence approaches, and provide guidelines on how to select the right attack or defence strategy based on the goal and available resources. Finally, we analyse which defences are rendered less effective by current attack strategies.
description: Accepted at ACM Computing Surveys, 2023: https://doi.org/10.1145/3595292
The Luminosity Function of Star Clusters in 20 Star-Forming Galaxies Based on Hubble Legacy Archive Photometry
Creators: name: Whitmore, Bradley C.
name: Chandar, Rupali
name: Bowers, Ariel S.
name: Larsen, Soeren
name: Lindsay, Kevin
name: Ansari, Asna
name: Evans, Jessica
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminosity functions have been determined for star cluster populations in 20 nearby (4-30 Mpc), star-forming galaxies based on ACS source lists generated by the Hubble Legacy Archive. Comparisons are made with other recently generated cluster catalogs demonstrating that the HLA-generated catalogs are of similar quality, but in general do not go as deep. A typical cluster luminosity function can be approximated by a power-law, $dN/dL\propto L^α$, with an average value for $α$ of $-2.37$ and RMS scatter = 0.18 when using the F814W ("$I$") band. We find that galaxies with high rates of star formation (or equivalently, with the brightest or largest numbers of clusters) have a slight tendency to have shallower values of $α$. In particular, the Antennae galaxy (NGC4038/39), a merging system with a relatively high star formation rate, has the second flattest luminosity function in the sample. A tentative correlation may also be present between Hubble Type and values of $α$, in the sense that later type galaxies (i.e., Sd and Sm) appear to have flatter luminosity functions. Hence, while there do appear to be some weak correlations, the relative similarity in the values of $α$ for a large number of star-forming galaxies suggests that, to first order, the LFs are fairly universal. We examine the bright end of the luminosity functions and find evidence for a downturn, although it only pertains to about 1% of the clusters. Our uniform database results in a small scatter ($\approx$0.4 to 0.5 mag) in the correlation between the magnitude of the brightest cluster ($M_\mathrm{brightest}$) and log of the number of clusters brighter than $M_{I}=-9$ (log N). We also examine the magnitude of the brightest cluster vs. log SFR for a sample including both dwarfs galaxies and ULIRGS.
description: 40 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables; to be published in AJ, 147, 78
title: Bilateral long head of triceps exertional rhabdomyolysis induced by stretching
Creators: name: Fel, Magdalena
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 24-year-old man presented with sudden onset bilateral painless upper arm swelling after stretching both his arms behind his head while sitting on a chair. He regularly attends a gym and worked out the day before, focusing on his legs. He gave no history of recent increased arm exercise or trauma.

description: 24 years, male
Melanothamnus harveyi Diaz-Tapia and Maggs 2017
Creators: name: Kakkonen, Jenni E.
name: Worsfold, Tim M.
name: Ashelby, Christopher W.
name: Taylor, Andrea
name: Beaton, Katy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Rhodophyta
Florideophyceae
Ceramiales
Rhodomelaceae
Melanothamnus
Melanothamnus harveyi

description: (5) Melanothamnus harveyi (Bailey) Díaz-Tapia and Maggs, 2017
Status in U.K. – non-native.
The red seaweed Melanothamnus harveyi (“Harvey’s siphon weed”) has been recorded each year since 2014, from rapid assessment and scrape samples. It has been recorded at four locations within Scapa Flow, at Scapa, Burray and Longhope visitor yacht moorings and at Vanguard navigation buoy, and has also been recorded in four locations north of Orkney Mainland.
It was introduced to the south coast of England before 1908 (Maggs and Stegenga 1999) and although known from Loch Ryan in south-west Scotland since at least the late 1980s (Maggs and Hommersand 1990; Nall et al. 2015) and from St. Andrews, Fife since 1992 (Maggs and Stegenga 1999), the first confirmed records of this species in North Scotland were made in Kinlochbervie and Scrabster harbours in 2012 (Nall et al. 2015). The records presented here from 2014 are the first from Orkney.
RBGE voucher specimen reference number: E 00884773.
description: Published as part of Kakkonen, Jenni E., Worsfold, Tim M., Ashelby, Christopher W., Taylor, Andrea & Beaton, Katy, 2019, The value of regular monitoring and diverse sampling techniques to assess aquatic non-native species: a case study from Orkney, pp. 46-79 in Management of Biological Invasions 10 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.04, http://zenodo.org/record/11969078
title: We are volcanoes: writing feminist fiction as a means of processing trauma
Creators: name: Crosse, Z.
Publisher: name: Bath Spa University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis comprises a work of feminist fiction - the novel We Are Volcanoes - and a contextualising commentary. The two should be read together as a piece of practice-led research answering the question: can writing a feminist novel change the writer's affective experience of personal trauma? The main objective of this thesis is to explore the idea that trauma- what is felt and experienced as a result of a traumatic event - is transformable through the act of poiesis, or creating something new. In addition, I explore the idea that in an instance of politically situated trauma, like gender-based violence, the perspective of a relevant political movement, feminism, is necessary to that transformation. The novel takes the form of a conversation between four generations of women in the same family, and explores themes of intergenerational trauma, violence against women, and the importance of listening to women when they speak about their experiences. The contextualising commentary is a necessarily personal piece, documenting my process of conceiving and writing the novel, and the experimental journey of observing whether that process changed my affective experience of trauma. Chapter One of the contextualising essay defines feminism, feminist fiction and trauma for the purpose of my research. Chapter Two is a reflection on my taking in of other people's trauma stories, how this affected me and what happened alchemically when these were added to my own experiences of trauma. Chapter Three is an exploration in the process of publicly telling a trauma story, and a brief consideration of how other artists have done this through artworking. Chapter Four documents my realisation that the novel needed to be multi-voiced, and discusses the therapeutic practice of creating imaginal dialogues and their potential as a method for accessing voice and character writing. Chapters Five to Eight each focus on one of the four main characters of We Are Volcanoes, closely considering what aspect of my self and my trauma I explored and processed through the writing of that particular character. I conclude with an account of what has changed in relation to my affective experience of trauma, and my hopes that this research can contribute to the cultural work of feminism. This research is closely focussed on my own experiences and processes in writing fiction about trauma, however there is potential for further research exploring other styles and genres of writing, as well as other writers' and, in fact, readers' experiences.
Euclidean Distance degrees of real algebraic groups
Creators: name: Baaijens, Jasmijn A.
name: Draisma, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15B99, 13P25, 20G20

description: We study the problem of finding, in a real algebraic matrix group, the matrix closest to a given data matrix. We do so from the algebro-geometric perspective of Euclidean distance degrees. We recover several classical results; and among the new results that we prove is a formula for the Euclidean distance degree of special linear groups.
Generalized Cumulative Shrinkage Process Priors with Applications to Sparse Bayesian Factor Analysis
Creators: name: Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The paper discusses shrinkage priors which impose increasing shrinkage in a sequence of parameters. We review the cumulative shrinkage process (CUSP) prior of Legramanti et al. (2020), which is a spike-and-slab shrinkage prior where the spike probability is stochastically increasing and constructed from the stick-breaking representation of a Dirichlet process prior. As a first contribution, this CUSP prior is extended by involving arbitrary stick-breaking representations arising from beta distributions. As a second contribution, we prove that exchangeable spike-and-slab priors, which are popular and widely used in sparse Bayesian factor analysis, can be represented as a finite generalized CUSP prior, which is easily obtained from the decreasing order statistics of the slab probabilities. Hence, exchangeable spike-and-slab shrinkage priors imply increasing shrinkage as the column index in the loading matrix increases, without imposing explicit order constraints on the slab probabilities. An application to sparse Bayesian factor analysis illustrates the usefulness of the findings of this paper. A new exchangeable spike-and-slab shrinkage prior based on the triple gamma prior of Cadonna et al. (2020) is introduced and shown to be helpful for estimating the unknown number of factors in a simulation study.
Helioseismic Measurements in the Solar Envelope Using Group Velocities of Surface Waves
Creators: name: Vorontsov, S. V.
name: Baturin, V. A.
name: Ayukov, S. V.
name: Gryaznov, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At intermediate and high degree $l$, solar p- and f modes can be considered as surface waves. Using variational principle, we derive an integral expression for the group velocities of the surface waves in terms of adiabatic eigenfunctions of normal modes, and address the benefits of using group-velocity measurements as a supplementary diagnostic tool in solar seismology. The principal advantage of using group velocities, when compared with direct analysis of the oscillation frequencies, comes from their smaller sensitivity to the uncertainties in the near-photospheric layers. We address some numerical examples where group velocities are used to reveal inconsistencies between the solar models and the seismic data. Further, we implement the group-velocity measurements to the calibration of the specific entropy, helium abundance Y and heavy-element abundance Z in the adiabatically-stratified part of the solar convective envelope, using different recent versions of the equation of state. The results are in close agreement with our earlier measurements based on more sophisticated analysis of the solar oscillation frequencies (Vorontsov et al. 2013, MNRAS 430, 1636). These results bring further support to the downward revision of the solar heavy-element abundances in recent spectroscopic measurements.
Representation of a Sentence using a Polar Fuzzy Neutrosophic Semantic Net
Creators: name: Lakra, Sachin
name: Prasad, T. V.
name: Ramakrishna, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A semantic net can be used to represent a sentence. A sentence in a language contains semantics which are polar in nature, that is, semantics which are positive, neutral and negative. Neutrosophy is a relatively new field of science which can be used to mathematically represent triads of concepts. These triads include truth, indeterminacy and falsehood, and so also positivity, neutrality and negativity. Thus a conventional semantic net has been extended in this paper using neutrosophy into a Polar Fuzzy Neutrosophic Semantic Net. A Polar Fuzzy Neutrosophic Semantic Net has been implemented in MATLAB and has been used to illustrate a polar sentence in English language. The paper demonstrates a method for the representation of polarity in a computers memory. Thus, polar concepts can be applied to imbibe a machine such as a robot, with emotions, making machine emotion representation possible.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:math/0101228, arXiv:math/0412424, arXiv:math/0306384 by other authors
About Engaging and Governing Strategies: A Thematic Analysis of Dark Patterns in Social Networking Services
Creators: name: Mildner, Thomas
name: Savino, Gian-Luca
name: Doyle, Philip R.
name: Cowan, Benjamin R.
name: Malaka, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.1.2; K.4.1

description: Research in HCI has shown a growing interest in unethical design practices across numerous domains, often referred to as ``dark patterns''. There is, however, a gap in related literature regarding social networking services (SNSs). In this context, studies emphasise a lack of users' self-determination regarding control over personal data and time spent on SNSs. We collected over 16 hours of screen recordings from Facebook's, Instagram's, TikTok's, and Twitter's mobile applications to understand how dark patterns manifest in these SNSs. For this task, we turned towards HCI experts to mitigate possible difficulties of non-expert participants in recognising dark patterns, as prior studies have noticed. Supported by the recordings, two authors of this paper conducted a thematic analysis based on previously described taxonomies, manually classifying the recorded material while delivering two key findings: We observed which instances occur in SNSs and identified two strategies - engaging and governing - with five dark patterns undiscovered before.
description: In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; April 23--28, 2023; Hamburg, Germany; 16 pages, 9 figures
Flux-flow instability across Berezinskii Kosterlitz Thouless phase transition in KTaO$_3$ (111) based superconductor
Creators: name: Ojha, Shashank Kumar
name: Mandal, Prithwijit
name: Kumar, Siddharth
name: Maity, Jyotirmay
name: Middey, Srimanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of energy dissipation in 2D superconductors under perpendicular magnetic field at small current excitations has been extensively studied over the past two decades. However, dissipation mechanisms at high current drives remain largely unexplored. Here we report on the distinct behavior of energy dissipation in the AlOx/KTaO$_3$ (111) system hosting 2D superconductivity in the intermediate disorder regime. The results show that below the Berezinskii Kosterlitz Thouless (BKT) phase transition temperature ($T_\mathrm{BKT}$), hot-spots and Larkin Ovchinnikov type flux-flow instability (FFI) are the major channels of dissipation, leading to pronounced voltage instability at large currents. Furthermore, such FFI leads to a rare observation of clockwise hysteresis in current-voltage characteristics within the temperature range $T_\mathrm{BKT} < T < T_\mathrm{C}$ ($T_\mathrm{C}$ is superconducting transition temperature). These findings deepen our understanding of how a BKT system ultimately transforms to a normal state under increasing current.
description: 51 pages including supplemental
Diffusion of tagged particles in a crowded medium
Creators: name: Galanti, Marta
name: Fanelli, Duccio
name: Maritan, Amos
name: Piazza, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of crowding on the diffusion of tagged particles in a dense medium is investigated in the framework of a mean-field model, derived in the continuum limit from a microscopic stochastic process with exclusion. The probability distribution function of the tagged particles obeys to a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, where the drift and diffusion terms are determined self-consistently by the concentration of crowders in the medium. Transient sub-diffusive or super-diffusive behaviours are observed, depending on the selected initial conditions, that bridge normal diffusion regimes characterized by different diffusion coefficients. These anomalous crossovers originate from the microscopic competition for space and reflect the peculiar form of the non-homogeneous advection term in the governing Fokker-Planck equation. Our results strongly warn against the overly simplistic identification of crowding with anomalous transport {\em tout court}.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Can a fractionally crystallized magma ocean explain the thermo-chemical evolution of Mars?
Creators: name: Plesa, A. -C.
name: Tosi, N.
name: Breuer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact heat accumulated during the late stage of planetary accretion can melt a significant part or even the entire mantle of a terrestrial body, giving rise to a global magma ocean. [...] Assuming fractional crystallization of the magma ocean, dense cumulates are produced close to the surface, largely due to iron enrichment in the evolving magma ocean liquid (Elkins-Tanton et al., 2003). A gravitationally unstable mantle thus forms, which is prone to overturn. We investigate the cumulate overturn and its influence on the thermal evolution of Mars using mantle convection simulations in 2D cylindrical geometry. We present a suite of simulations using different initial conditions and a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity. We assume that all radiogenic heat sources have been enriched during the freezing-phase of the magma ocean in the uppermost 50 km and that the initial steam-atmosphere created by the degassing of the freezing magma ocean was rapidly lost, implying that the surface temperature is set to present-day values. In this case, a stagnant lid forms rapidly on top of the convective interior preventing the uppermost dense cumulates to sink, even when allowing for a plastic yielding mechanism. Below this dense stagnant lid, the mantle chemical gradient settles to a stable configuration. The convection pattern is dominated by small-scale structures, which are difficult to reconcile with the large-scale volcanic features observed over Mars' surface and partial melting ceases in less than 900 Ma. Assuming that the stagnant lid can break because of additional mechanisms and allowing the uppermost dense layer to overturn, a stable density gradient is obtained, with the densest material and the entire amount of heat sources lying above the CMB. This stratification leads to a strong overheating of the lowermost mantle [...]
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, submitted to EPSL
Strain-tunable Berry curvature in quasi-two-dimensional chromium telluride
Creators: name: Chi, Hang
name: Ou, Yunbo
name: Eldred, Tim B.
name: Gao, Wenpei
name: Kwon, Sohee
name: Murray, Joseph
name: Dreyer, Michael
name: Butera, Robert E.
name: Foucher, Alexandre C.
name: Ambaye, Haile
name: Keum, Jong
name: Greenberg, Alice T.
name: Liu, Yuhang
name: Neupane, Mahesh R.
name: de Coster, George J.
name: Vail, Owen A.
name: Taylor, Patrick J.
name: Folkes, Patrick A.
name: Rong, Charles
name: Yin, Gen
name: Lake, Roger K.
name: Ross, Frances M.
name: Lauter, Valeria
name: Heiman, Don
name: Moodera, Jagadeesh S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic transition metal chalcogenides form an emerging platform for exploring spin-orbit driven Berry phase phenomena owing to the nontrivial interplay between topology and magnetism. Here we show that the anomalous Hall effect in pristine Cr2Te3 thin films manifests a unique temperature-dependent sign reversal at nonzero magnetization, resulting from the momentum-space Berry curvature as established by first-principles simulations. The sign change is strain tunable, enabled by the sharp and well-defined substrate/film interface in the quasi-two-dimensional Cr2Te3 epitaxial films, revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and depth-sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry. This Berry phase effect further introduces hump-shaped Hall peaks in pristine Cr2Te3 near the coercive field during the magnetization switching process, owing to the presence of strain-modulated magnetic domains. The versatile interface tunability of Berry curvature in Cr2Te3 thin films offers new opportunities for topological electronics.
description: Main: 9 pages, 5 figures; SI: 5 pages, 9 figures
Layer aggregation and reducibility of multilayer interconnected networks
Creators: name: De Domenico, M.
name: Nicosia, V.
name: Arenas, A.
name: Latora, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many complex systems can be represented as networks composed by distinct layers, interacting and depending on each others. For example, in biology, a good description of the full protein-protein interactome requires, for some organisms, up to seven distinct network layers, with thousands of protein-protein interactions each. A fundamental open question is then how much information is really necessary to accurately represent the structure of a multilayer complex system, and if and when some of the layers can indeed be aggregated. Here we introduce a method, based on information theory, to reduce the number of layers in multilayer networks, while minimizing information loss. We validate our approach on a set of synthetic benchmarks, and prove its applicability to an extended data set of protein-genetic interactions, showing cases where a strong reduction is possible and cases where it is not. Using this method we can describe complex systems with an optimal trade--off between accuracy and complexity.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The miniJPAS survey quasar selection II: Machine learning classification with photometric measurements and uncertainties
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Natália V. N.
name: Abramo, L. Raul
name: Queiroz, Carolina
name: Martínez-Solaeche, Ginés
name: Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi
name: Bonoli, Silvia
name: Chaves-Montero, Jonás
name: Pieri, Matthew M.
name: Delgado, Rosa M. González
name: Morrison, Sean S.
name: Marra, Valerio
name: Márquez, Isabel
name: Hernán-Caballero, A.
name: Díaz-García, L. A.
name: Benítez, Narciso
name: Cenarro, A. Javier
name: Dupke, Renato A.
name: Ederoclite, Alessandro
name: López-Sanjuan, Carlos
name: Marín-Franch, Antonio
name: de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes
name: Moles, Mariano
name: Sodré, Laerte
name: Varela, Jesús
name: Ramió, Héctor Vázquez
name: Taylor, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical surveys rely heavily on the classification of sources as stars, galaxies or quasars from multi-band photometry. Surveys in narrow-band filters allow for greater discriminatory power, but the variety of different types and redshifts of the objects present a challenge to standard template-based methods. In this work, which is part of larger effort that aims at building a catalogue of quasars from the miniJPAS survey, we present a Machine Learning-based method that employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify point-like sources including the information in the measurement errors. We validate our methods using data from the miniJPAS survey, a proof-of-concept project of the J-PAS collaboration covering $\sim$ 1 deg$^2$ of the northern sky using the 56 narrow-band filters of the J-PAS survey. Due to the scarcity of real data, we trained our algorithms using mocks that were purpose-built to reproduce the distributions of different types of objects that we expect to find in the miniJPAS survey, as well as the properties of the real observations in terms of signal and noise. We compare the performance of the CNNs with other well-established Machine Learning classification methods based on decision trees, finding that the CNNs improve the classification when the measurement errors are provided as inputs. The predicted distribution of objects in miniJPAS is consistent with the putative luminosity functions of stars, quasars and unresolved galaxies. Our results are a proof-of-concept for the idea that the J-PAS survey will be able to detect unprecedented numbers of quasars with high confidence.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, published by MNRAS
Distinct Competing Ordered ν=2 States in Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Velasco, J.
name: Lee, Y.
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Myhro, Kevin
name: Tran, David
name: Deo, Michael
name: Smirnov, Dmitry
name: MacDonald, A. H.
name: Lau, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of its large density-of-states and the 2π Berry phase near its low-energy band-contact points, neutral bilayer graphene (BLG) at zero magnetic field (B) is susceptible to chiral-symmetry breaking, leading to a variety of gapped spontaneous quantum Hall states distinguished by valley and spin-dependent quantized Hall conductivities. Among these, the layer antiferromagnetic state, which has quantum valley Hall (QVH) effects of opposite sign for opposite spins, appears to be the thermodynamic ground state. Though other gapped states have not been observed experimentally at B=0, they can be explored by exploiting their adiabatic connection to quantum Hall states with the same total Hall conductivity σH. In this paper, by using a magnetic field to select filling factor ν=2 states with σH=2e^2/h, we demonstrate the presence of a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state for the majority spin, and a Kekulé state with spontaneous valley coherence and a quantum valley Hall state for the minority spin in BLG. By providing the first spectroscopic mapping of spontaneous Hall states at ν=2, our results shed further light on the rich set of competing ordered states in BLG.
Simulations of galactic dynamos
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review our current understanding of galactic dynamo theory, paying particular attention to numerical simulations both of the mean-field equations and the original three-dimensional equations relevant to describing the magnetic field evolution for a turbulent flow. We emphasize the theoretical difficulties in explaining non-axisymmetric magnetic fields in galaxies and discuss the observational basis for such results in terms of rotation measure analysis. Next, we discuss nonlinear theory, the role of magnetic helicity conservation and magnetic helicity fluxes. This leads to the possibility that galactic magnetic fields may be bi-helical, with opposite signs of helicity and large and small length scales. We discuss their observational signatures and close by discussing the possibilities of explaining the origin of primordial magnetic fields.
description: 28 pages, 15 figure, to appear in Lecture Notes in Physics "Magnetic fields in diffuse media", Eds. E. de Gouveia Dal Pino and A. Lazarian
Cryptocurrencies Are Becoming Part of the World Global Financial Market
Creators: name: Wątorek, Marcin
name: Kwapień, Jarosław
name: Drożdż, Stanisław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study the cross-correlations between the cryptocurrency market represented by the two most liquid and highest-capitalized cryptocurrencies: bitcoin and ethereum, on the one side, and the instruments representing the traditional financial markets: stock indices, Forex, commodities, on the other side, are measured in the period: January 2020--October 2022. Our purpose is to address the question whether the cryptocurrency market still preserves its autonomy with respect to the traditional financial markets or it has already aligned with them in expense of its independence. We are motivated by the fact that some previous related studies gave mixed results. By calculating the $q$-dependent detrended cross-correlation coefficient based on the high frequency 10 s data in the rolling window, the dependence on various time scales, different fluctuation magnitudes, and different market periods are examined. There is a strong indication that the dynamics of the bitcoin and ethereum price changes since the March 2020 Covid-19 panic is no longer independent. Instead, it is related to the dynamics of the traditional financial markets, which is especially evident now in 2022, when the bitcoin and ethereum coupling to the US tech stocks is observed during the market bear phase. It is also worth emphasizing that the cryptocurrencies have begun to react to the economic data such as the Consumer Price Index readings in a similar way as traditional instruments. Such a spontaneous coupling of the so far independent degrees of freedom can be interpreted as a kind of phase transition that resembles the collective phenomena typical for the complex systems. Our results indicate that the cryptocurrencies cannot be considered as a safe haven for the financial investments.