cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigating factors underlying undergraduate physics students’ attitudes and beliefs about physics through a revalidation of CLASS
Creators: name: MacDonald, Alexandra Leigh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS) has been widely used to measure students’ attitudes and beliefs about learning physics. This usage is paired with the assumption that the eight factors determined by the developers underlie students’ attitudes and beliefs about physics in all populations. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the existence of these eight factors amongst students enrolled in introductory physics courses at a large research university in Western Canada. Thus, to understand the factors that underlie students’ attitudes and beliefs about physics as conveyed by the CLASS data collected at the university, a revalidation procedure was undertaken. The investigation of underlying factors included performing and interpreting the results of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability tests. Exploratory analysis of the survey data suggested five factors that underlie students’ responses to the survey items in an introductory physics course for engineering students. Analysis of data from the introductory physics courses for engineering students and a calculus-based physics courses for science students confirmed the existence of three of the five emergent factors. These three factors have been labelled ‘Awareness of Real World Connections’, ‘Self-Efficacy’, and ‘Constructive Connectivity’. This emergent model indicates strong patterns in students’ attitudes and beliefs about physics from the beginning of their undergraduate careers. Future research is needed to support the existence of these revalidated factors and the robustness of this model in multiple populations. The potential for a tool that can provide insight into students’ attitudes about physics, and how these attitudes are shaped, to shape undergraduate physics learning are significant.
Classroom Slide Narration System
Creators: name: V., Jobin K.
name: Mondal, Ajoy
name: Jawahar, C. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Slide presentations are an effective and efficient tool used by the teaching community for classroom communication. However, this teaching model can be challenging for blind and visually impaired (VI) students. The VI student required personal human assistance for understand the presented slide. This shortcoming motivates us to design a Classroom Slide Narration System (CSNS) that generates audio descriptions corresponding to the slide content. This problem poses as an image-to-markup language generation task. The initial step is to extract logical regions such as title, text, equation, figure, and table from the slide image. In the classroom slide images, the logical regions are distributed based on the location of the image. To utilize the location of the logical regions for slide image segmentation, we propose the architecture, Classroom Slide Segmentation Network (CSSN). The unique attributes of this architecture differs from most other semantic segmentation networks. Publicly available benchmark datasets such as WiSe and SPaSe are used to validate the performance of our segmentation architecture. We obtained 9.54 segmentation accuracy improvement in WiSe dataset. We extract content (information) from the slide using four well-established modules such as optical character recognition (OCR), figure classification, equation description, and table structure recognizer. With this information, we build a Classroom Slide Narration System (CSNS) to help VI students understand the slide content. The users have given better feedback on the quality output of the proposed CSNS in comparison to existing systems like Facebooks Automatic Alt-Text (AAT) and Tesseract.
Orbital-selective Mott transitions: Heavy fermions and beyond
Creators: name: Vojta, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phase transitions in metals are often accompanied by violations of Fermi liquid behavior in the quantum critical regime. Particularly fascinating are transitions beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson concept of a local order parameter. The breakdown of the Kondo effect in heavy-fermion metals constitutes a prime example of such a transition. Here, the strongly correlated f electrons become localized and disappear from the Fermi surface, implying that the transition is equivalent to an orbital-selective Mott transition, as has been discussed for multi-band transition-metal oxides. In this article, available theoretical descriptions for orbital-selective Mott transitions will be reviewed, with an emphasis on conceptual aspects like the distinction between different low-temperature phases and the structure of the global phase diagram. Selected results for quantum critical properties will be listed as well. Finally, a brief overview is given on experiments which have been interpreted in terms of orbital-selective Mott physics.
description: 29 pages, 4 figs, mini-review prepared for a special issue of JLTP
Transient behaviour of electrovortex flow in a cylindrical container
Creators: name: Liu, Ke
name: Stefani, Frank
name: Weber, Norbert
name: Weier, Tom
name: Li, Ben-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study is a continuation of the combined experimental and numerical investigation [1] of the flow of the eutectic GaInSn alloy inside a cylindrical vessel exposed to a constant electrical current. The emerging electrovortex flow driven by the interaction of the current, which is applied through a tapered electrode, with its own magnetic field might have both detrimental and advantageous effects in liquid metal batteries. While the former work [1] was mainly concerned with time-averaged results, this paper focuses on the transient behaviour of the electrovortex flow which becomes most relevant under the influence of an external axial field. The additional Lorentz force generated by the interaction of the imposed current with the vertical component of the geomagnetic field bz drives the ordinary electrovortex jet flow into a swirling motion. Velocity distributions and motion characteristics, such as spiral streamlines and shortened and irregularly swinging jet regions, are investigated. The mechanism is analysed in detail for bz = 25.5 μT. The maximum angular velocity of the rotating jet is basically linearly dependent on bz, at least for the values studied here. A good agreement between the transient simulation and the experimental result is shown.
US-North Korea summit agreement is most revealing for what it leaves out
Creators: name: Habib, Benjamin
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: That this summit has even taken place at all could be seen as an achievement, given where US-DPRK relations were in 2017. We should therefore be unsurprised that despite Trump’s hype in the lead-up to the event, the common denominators of agreement amounted to promises of a new relationship and little else of substance.
Confinement of relativistic electrons in a magnetic mirror en route to a magnetized relativistic pair plasma
Creators: name: von der Linden, J.
name: Fiksel, G.
name: Peebles, J.
name: Edwards, M. R.
name: Willingale, L.
name: Link, A.
name: Mastrosimone, D.
name: Chen, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Creating magnetized relativistic pair plasma in the laboratory would enable the exploration of unique plasma physics relevant to some of the most energetic events in the universe. As a step towards a laboratory pair plasma, we have demonstrated effective confinement of multi-$\mathrm{MeV}$ electrons inside a pulsed-power-driven $13$ $\mathrm{T}$ magnetic mirror field with a mirror ratio of $2.6$. The confinement is diagnosed by measuring the axial and radial losses with magnetic spectrometers. The loss spectra are consistent with $\leq 2.5$ $\mathrm{MeV}$ electrons confined in the mirror for $\sim 1$ $\mathrm{ns}$. With a source of $10^{12}$ electron-positron pairs at comparable energies, this magnetic mirror would confine a relativistic pair plasma with Lorentz factor $γ\sim 6$ and magnetization $σ\sim 40$.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Nilpotent dynamics on signed interaction graphs and weak converses of Thomas' rules
Creators: name: Richard, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A finite dynamical system with $n$ components is a function $f:X\to X$ where $X=X_1\times\dots\times X_n$ is a product of $n$ finite intervals of integers. The structure of such a system $f$ is represented by a signed digraph $G$, called interaction graph: there are $n$ vertices, one per component, and the signed arcs describe the positive and negative influences between them. Finite dynamical systems are usual models for gene networks. In this context, it is often assumed that $f$ is {\em degree-bounded}, that is, the size of each $X_i$ is at most the out-degree of $i$ in $G$ plus one. Assuming that $G$ is connected and that $f$ is degree-bounded, we prove the following: if $G$ is not a cycle, then $f^{n+1}$ may be a constant. In that case, $f$ describes a very simple dynamics: a global convergence toward a unique fixed point in $n+1$ iterations. This shows that, in the degree-bounded case, the fact that $f$ describes a complex dynamics {\em cannot} be deduced from its interaction graph. We then widely generalize the above result, obtaining, as immediate consequences, other limits on what can be deduced from the interaction graph only, as the following weak converses of Thomas' rules: if $G$ is connected and has a positive (negative) cycle, then $f$ may have two (no) fixed points.
description: 21 pages
Photoelectron ionization spectra in a system interacting with a neighbor atom
Creators: name: Perina, Jan
name: Luks, Antonin
name: Leonski, Wieslaw
name: Perinova, Vlasta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoelectron ionization spectra of a system interacting with a neighbor two-level atom are investigated using the Laplace-transform method. These spectra are typically composed of several peaks. Photoelectron ionization spectra conditioned by the measurement on the two-level atom show oscillations at the Rabi frequency. The presence of spectral zeros occurring periodically with the Rabi period is predicted. This phenomenon is analyzed in detail.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Mid-infrared interferometry of the massive young stellar object NGC3603 - IRS 9A
Creators: name: Vehoff, S.
name: Hummel, C. A.
name: Monnier, J. D.
name: Tuthill, P.
name: Nuernberger, D. E. A.
name: Siebenmorgen, R.
name: Chesneau, O.
name: Duschl, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations and models for one of these MYSO candidates, NGC3603 IRS 9A. Our goal is to investigate with infrared interferometry the structure of IRS 9A on scales as small as 200AU, exploiting the fact that a cluster of O and B stars has blown away much of the obscuring foreground dust and gas. Observations in the N-band were carried out with the MIDI beam combiner attached to the VLTI. Additional interferometric observations which probe the structure of IRS 9A on larger scales were performed with an aperture mask installed in the T-ReCS instrument of Gemini South. The spectral energy distribution (SED) is constrained by the MIDI N-band spectrum and by data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our efforts to model the structure and SED of IRS 9A range from simple geometrical models of the brightness distribution to one- and two-dimensional radiative transfer computations. The target is resolved by T-ReCS, with an equivalent (elliptical) Gaussian width of 330mas by 280mas (2300 AU by 2000 AU). Despite this fact, a warm compact unresolved component was detected by MIDI which is possibly associated with the inner regions of a flattened dust distribution. Based on our interferometric data, no sign of multiplicity was found on scales between about 200AU and 700AU projected separation. A geometric model consisting of a warm (1000 K) ring (400 AU diameter) and a cool (140 K) large envelope provides a good fit to the data. No single model fitting all visibility and photometric data could be found, with disk models performing better than spherical models. While the data are clearly inconsistent with a spherical dust distribution they are insufficient to prove the existence of a disk but rather hint at a more complex dust distribution.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Two new bioactive polyphenols from the soft coral-derived fungus Talaromyces sp. SCSIO 041201
Creators: name: Li, Ji-xing
name: Lei, Xin-xin
name: Tan, Yan-hong
name: Liu, Yong-hong
name: Yang, Bin
name: Li, Yun-qiu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Two new polyphenols, talaversatilis A (1) and B (2), together with fifteen known compounds (3–17) were isolated from the extract of the culture broth of a soft coral-derived fungus Talaromyces sp. SCSIO 041201. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by the extensive analyses of spectroscopic data and by comparison with the reported literature. Antifouling and antibacterial activities of all purified compounds were tested and evaluated. Compounds 5 and 6 showed antifouling activity towards Bugula neritina larva, with LC50 values of 3.86 μg/mL and 3.05 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 7, 8, 10 and 13 exhibited significant antibacterial activities against E. coli, MRSA, S. aureus and E. faecalis, with MIC values ranging from 0.45 to 15.6 μg/mL.
Stellar Streams as Probes of Dark Halo Mass and Morphology: A Bayesian Reconstruction
Creators: name: Varghese, Anjali
name: Ibata, Rodrigo A.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal streams provide a powerful tool by means of which the matter distribution of the dark matter halos of their host galaxies can be studied. However, the analysis is not straightforward because streams do not delineate orbits, and for most streams, especially those in external galaxies, kinematic information is absent. We present a method wherein streams are fit with simple corrections made to possible orbits of the progenitor, using a Bayesian technique known as Parallel Tempering to efficiently explore the parameter space. We show that it is possible to constrain the shape of the host halo potential or its density distribution using only the projection of tidal streams on the sky, if the host halo is considered to be axisymmetric. By adding kinematic data or the circular velocity curve of the host to the fitting data, we are able to recover other parameters of the matter distribution such as its mass and profile. We test our method on several simulated low mass stellar streams and also explore the cases for which additional data are required.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 20 pages, 18 figures and 3 tables
Positive and negative cycles in Boolean networks
Creators: name: Richard, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We review and discuss some results about the influence of positive and negative feedback cycles in asynchronous Boolean networks. These results merge several ideas of Thomas: positive and negative feedback cycles have been largely emphasized by Thomas, through the so called Thomas' rules, and asynchronous Boolean networks have been introduced by Thomas as a model for the dynamics of gene networks, which is nowadays very popular.
description: 19 pages
Persistent currents in Bose gases confined in annular traps
Creators: name: Bargi, S.
name: Malet, F.
name: Kavoulakis, G. M.
name: Reimann, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the problem of stability of persistent currents in a mixture of two Bose gases trapped in an annular potential. We evaluate the critical coupling for metastability in the transition from quasi-one to two-dimensional motion. We also evaluate the critical coupling for metastability in a mixture of two species as function of the population imbalance. The stability of the currents is shown to be sensitive to the deviation from one-dimensional motion.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
A test for fractal boundaries based on the basin entropy
Creators: name: Puy, Andreu
name: Daza, Alvar
name: Wagemakers, Alexandre
name: Sanjuán, Miguel A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In dynamical systems, basins of attraction connect a given set of initial conditions in phase space to their asymptotic states. The basin entropy and related tools quantify the unpredictability in the final state of a system when there is an initial perturbation or uncertainty in the initial state. Based on the basin entropy, the $\ln 2$ criterion allows for efficient testing of fractal basin boundaries at a fixed resolution. Here, we extend this criterion into a new test with improved sensitivity that we call the \textit{$S_{bb}$ fractality test}. Using the same single scale information, the $S_{bb}$ fractality test allows for the detection of fractal boundaries in many more cases than the $\ln 2$ criterion. The new test is illustrated with the paradigmatic driven Duffing oscillator, and the results are compared with the classical approach given by the uncertainty exponent. We believe that this work can prove particularly useful to study both high-dimensional systems and experimental basins of attraction.
ToLeRating UR-STD
Creators: name: Feyereisl, Jan
name: Aickelin, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new emerging paradigm of Uncertain Risk of Suspicion, Threat and Danger, observed across the field of information security, is described. Based on this paradigm a novel approach to anomaly detection is presented. Our approach is based on a simple yet powerful analogy from the innate part of the human immune system, the Toll-Like Receptors. We argue that such receptors incorporated as part of an anomaly detector enhance the detector's ability to distinguish normal and anomalous behaviour. In addition we propose that Toll-Like Receptors enable the classification of detected anomalies based on the types of attacks that perpetrate the anomalous behaviour. Classification of such type is either missing in existing literature or is not fit for the purpose of reducing the burden of an administrator of an intrusion detection system. For our model to work, we propose the creation of a taxonomy of the digital Acytota, based on which our receptors are created.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 2nd International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies,
Cross-Domain Latent Factors Sharing via Implicit Matrix Factorization
Creators: name: Samra, Abdulaziz
name: Frolov, Evgeney
name: Vasilev, Alexey
name: Grigorievskiy, Alexander
name: Vakhrushev, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data sparsity has been one of the long-standing problems for recommender systems. One of the solutions to mitigate this issue is to exploit knowledge available in other source domains. However, many cross-domain recommender systems introduce a complex architecture that makes them less scalable in practice. On the other hand, matrix factorization methods are still considered to be strong baselines for single-domain recommendations. In this paper, we introduce the CDIMF, a model that extends the standard implicit matrix factorization with ALS to cross-domain scenarios. We apply the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers to learn shared latent factors for overlapped users while factorizing the interaction matrix. In a dual-domain setting, experiments on industrial datasets demonstrate a competing performance of CDIMF for both cold-start and warm-start. The proposed model can outperform most other recent cross-domain and single-domain models. We also provide the code to reproduce experiments on GitHub.
Rank two quadratic pairs and surface group representations
Creators: name: Gothen, Peter B.
name: Oliveira, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $X$ be a compact Riemann surface. A quadratic pair on $X$ consists of a holomorphic vector bundle with a quadratic form which takes values in fixed line bundle. We show that the moduli spaces of quadratic pairs of rank 2 are connected under some constraints on their topological invariants. As an application of our results we determine the connected components of the $\mathrm{SO}_0(2,3)$-character variety of $X$.
description: 37 pages, 1 figure
If a US-North Korea summit does happen, we’ll have Moon Jae-in to thank for it
Creators: name: Habib, Benjamin
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: In the wake of South Korean President Moon Jae-in’s meeting yesterday with US President Donald Trump, it’s worth reflecting on the remarkable role he’s played in facilitating the opening for diplomacy that’s emerged this year between the US and North Korea.
Instituitionalising Effective Regulation of Bio-fertilizer and Bio-pesticide in Nigeria
Creators: name: I. Mudashir
name: D. Tarus
name: A. Mensah
name: C. Masso
name: J. Watiti
name: F. Nang'ayo
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Instituitionalising Effective Regulation of Bio-fertilizer and Bio-pesticide in Nigeria
Are There Echoes From The Pre-Big Bang Universe? A Search for Low Variance Circles in the CMB Sky
Creators: name: Hajian, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of concentric low variance circles in the CMB sky, generated by black-hole encounters in an aeon preceding our big bang, is a prediction of the Conformal Cyclic Cosmology. Detection of three families of such circles in WMAP data was recently reported by Gurzadyan & Penrose (2010). We reassess the statistical significance of those circles by comparing with Monte Carlo simulations of the CMB sky with realistic modeling of the anisotropic noise in WMAP data. We find that the circles are not anomalous and that all three groups are consistent at 3sigma level with a Gaussian CMB sky as predicted by inflationary cosmology model.
Development of a chemical analysis protocol and application with whole estrogenic and androgenic assays to assess endocrine disruptor activity during wastewater and sludge treatment processes
Creators: name: Slater, Heather
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Wastewater and sludge treatment can decrease or increase estrogenic activity through degradation and transformation processes. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) tend to adsorb to solids and partition into sludge during the wastewater treatment process. Analytical procedures to detect EDCs in sludge media can be time / labour intensive and require expensive analytical instrumentation. As a result, little information is available on EDC content or fate in municipal sludge. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) chemical analysis procedure to detect estrogens in mixed and digested sludges without freeze-drying prior to extraction could not be located in the literature. Therefore, GC-MS chemical analysis protocols were developed for detection of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) in municipal sludges that was also compatible with bioluminescent yeast assays. This protocol is elucidated and summarised for consideration and use by other researchers and the user community. Municipal trickling filter / solids contact wastewater treatment processes were examined for reduction of E1 and E2; whole estrogenic and androgenic activity; and toxic luminescence inhibition. Conventional heat and combinations of microwave irradiation and oxidation treatments were applied to municipal sludge and evaluated using the same methods. The specified wastewater treatment plant reduced total E1 and E2 by 54%; estrogenic activity by 27%; and androgenic activity by 38%. The most potent estrogen, E2, was reduced by 69% and E1 was reduced by 26%. More importantly, the increased ratio of E1 to E2 from 0.6 (influent) to 1.4 (pre-chlorinated effluent), indicated E2 was biologically degraded to the less estrogenic E1. Mesophilic (35–40 °C) sludge digestion reduced E1 by 12%, E2 by 63%, whole estrogenic activity by 73% and androgenic activity by 81%. The digestion process reduced toxicity to the yeast strain, BLYR, by threefold. Overall, microwave irradiation was more effective than conventional heating in reducing concentrations of E1 and E2 in mixed and digested sludges. Oxidative (H₂O₂) treatments did not reduce E1, E2, estrogenic or androgenic activity. The treatment plant reduced E1, E2, estrogenic activity and androgenic activity in the wastewater stream. The anaerobic mesophilic sludge digestion process reduced E1, E2, BLYR toxicity, and whole estrogenic and androgenic activity.
Material suplementario de “Impacto de la heterogeneidad espacial del tráfico de red en el problema del apagado de celdas en redes ultra-densas”
Creators: name: Galeano-Brajones, Jesús
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Network engineering

description: Material suplementario de “Impacto de la heterogeneidad espacial del tráfico de red en el problema del apagado de celdas en redes ultra-densas”
NMR spectrum;IR spectrum from The regio-selective synthesis of 10-hydroxy camptothecin norcantharidin conjugates and their biological activity evaluation in vitro
Creators: name: Zhao, Chang K.
name: Li, Chan
name: Wang, Xian H.
name: Bao, Yu J.
name: Yang, Fu H.
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018

description: A series of conjugates of 10-hydroxy camptothecin (HCPT) with functionalized norcantharidin derivatives were regio-selectively synthesized in the condition of (3-dimethylaminopropyl) ethyl-carbodiimide monohydrochloride (EDCI) in a moderated yield. The synthesized conjugate HCPT pro-drugs can also suppress cancer cell growth in vitro. These conjugated pro-drug constructs possess therapeutic potential as novel bi-functional conjugate platforms for cancer treatment.
The effective conductivity of arrays of squares: large random unit cells and extreme contrast ratios
Creators: name: Helsing, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An integral equation based scheme is presented for the fast and accurate computation of effective conductivities of two-component checkerboard-like composites with complicated unit cells at very high contrast ratios. The scheme extends recent work on multi-component checkerboards at medium contrast ratios. General improvement include the simplification of a long-range preconditioner, the use of a banded solver, and a more efficient placement of quadrature points. This, together with a reduction in the number of unknowns, allows for a substantial increase in achievable accuracy as well as in tractable system size. Results, accurate to at least nine digits, are obtained for random checkerboards with over a million squares in the unit cell at contrast ratio 10^6. Furthermore, the scheme is flexible enough to handle complex valued conductivities and, using a homotopy method, purely negative contrast ratios. Examples of the accurate computation of resonant spectra are given.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, submitted to J. Comput. Phys
Dramatic Mobility Enhancements in Doped SrTiO3 Thin Films by Defect Management
Creators: name: Kozuka, Y.
name: Hikita, Y.
name: Bell, C.
name: Hwang, H. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report bulk-quality n-type SrTiO3 (n-SrTiO3) thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition, with electron mobility as high as 6600 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 2 K and carrier density as low as 2.0 x 10^18cm-3 (~ 0.02 at. %), far exceeding previous pulsed laser deposition films. This result stems from precise strontium and oxygen vacancy defect chemistry management, providing a general approach for defect control in complex oxide heteroepitaxy.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Standing shock prevents propagation of sparks in supersonic explosive flows
Creators: name: von der Linden, Jens
name: Kimblin, Clare
name: McKenna, Ian
name: Bagley, Skyler
name: Li, Hsiao-Chi
name: Houim, Ryan
name: Kueny, Christopher S.
name: Kuhl, Allen
name: Grote, Dave
name: Converse, Mark
name: Vossen, Caron E. J.
name: Stern, Sönke
name: Cimarelli, Corrado
name: Sears, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Volcanic jet flows in explosive eruptions emit radio frequency signatures, indicative of their fluid dynamic and electrostatic conditions. The emissions originate from sparks supported by an electric field built up by the ejected charged volcanic particles. When shock-defined, low-pressure regions confine the sparks, the signatures may be limited to high-frequency content corresponding to the early components of the avalanche-streamer-leader hierarchy. Here, we image sparks and a standing shock together in a transient supersonic jet of micro-diamonds entrained in argon. Fluid dynamic and kinetic simulations of the experiment demonstrate that the observed sparks originate upstream of the standing shock. The sparks are initiated in the rarefaction region, and cut off at the shock, which would limit their radio frequency emissions to a tell-tale high-frequency regime. We show that sparks transmit an impression of the explosive flow, and open the way for novel instrumentation to diagnose currently inaccessible explosive phenomena.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Two separate spectral substates within Low-Hard States of NS-LMXBs
Creators: name: Cocchi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The whole BeppoSAX archive was screened for observations of Neutron Star (NS) Low-Mass X-ray Binaries, in order to characterise the X-ray properties of this class of sources when observed in a Low Hard State (LHS). A total of 12 sources in the sample exhibited LHS spectra; half of the objects showed a "canonical" LHS spectrum, in which two separate populations of soft blackbody-distributed photons emerge. One, or possibly both the populations, is Comptonized by a hot (kT_e > 20 keV) electron plasma cloud. For the remaining 6 sources just a single population is sufficient to account for both the directly observed blackbody and the Comptonized radiation. The luminosities of the NS with canonical two-population spectra are found to be systematically higher than the ones of the sources showing the atypical, single photon population spectra. This suggests the possibility of two separate subclasses of LHS spectra. The transition from a subclass to the other is likely related to the accretion rate, which drives the presence of a hotter X-ray photon population in the close vicinity of the NS, or possibly a stronger thermal gradient in the inner, X-ray active, accretion disk.
description: contr.talk ASTRONS 2010, Cesme. To appear on AIP Conf. Proc. 5 pages, 1 figure
Beamed super-Eddington emissionfrom a weakly magnetized neutron star- an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX)
Creators: name: Abarca, David
name: Parfrey, Kyle
name: Kluźniak, Włodek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ultraluminous X-ray sources
General relativistic radiation magnetodynamics
Numerical simulations

description: Abstract: We model an ultraluminous X-ray source using a global 2D axisymmetric general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation of super-Eddington accretion onto a neutron star with a 10 billion Gauss dipolar magnetic field. We found that the magnetic confinement of the gas into accretion columns along with the interaction of the gas with the neutron star surface produce a total luminosity of a few times the Eddington limit. Furthermore, this radiation is beamed by outflows from the accretion disk causing the apparent isotropic luminosity to exceed $10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$, showing that low-magnetic field neutron stars can be good candidates for the central engines of ULXs.
A detailed doping survey of the low-energy electrodynamics of YBa2Cu3O6+x
Creators: name: Baglo, Jordan Carl
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The rich phenomenology displayed by the high temperature (high-Tc) cuprate superconductors has attracted intense experimental and theoretical attention for nearly thirty years. Despite steady and continued progress, a complete and consistent microscopic theory of the cuprates continues to elude researchers. However, recent work appears to be converging on a picture of separate spin and charge order phase transitions – well below and slightly above optimal doping, respectively – along with associated Fermi surface reconstruction. As sensitive probes of the low-energy electrodynamics, microwave conductivity techniques are well-suited for characterizing the effects of such changes in electronic structure. For YBa₂Cu₃0₆₊x (YBCO), one of the cleanest and best-studied high-Tc cuprate superconductors, previous measurements had focused on a relatively sparse set of dopings. In this thesis, detailed measurements of the doping dependence of both the microwave penetration depth and surface resistance of YBCO are combined with low-energy muon spin rotation measurements of the absolute magnetic penetration depth to produce a comprehensive doping dependence survey of the microwave conductivity, spanning a wide range of oxygen contents between 6+x = 6.49 and 6.998. The temperature derivatives of the magnetic penetration depth continue to decrease at the highest dopings, challenging previous predictions of a peak in penetration depth near the proposed quantum critical point in the overdoped regime. Additionally, a sudden increase in the a–b anisotropy of low-temperature slopes was observed near optimal doping, suggesting the possibility of additional changes in electronic behaviour in this region. Microwave surface resistance measurements revealed a sharp increase in the scattering rate – along the a axis only – for samples near 1/8th hole doping. Surprisingly, the a-axis scattering rate was discovered to decrease – not increase – after disordering the CuO chain layer oxygen configuration. The short a-axis correlation lengths in this doping range, combined with the strong scattering potential produced by chain order domain boundaries, are proposed as an explanation for this counterintuitive behaviour.
title: Monash, John
title: Monash, John
Creators: name: Pegram, Aaron
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Monash, John
subject: Monash, John, Sir, 1865-1931

description: John Monash is probably the most celebrated Australian figure of the First World War. He commanded the 4th Brigade in Gallipoli, the 3rd Australian Division in Belgium in 1917, and the Australian Corps in 1918. A meticulous planner and charismatic leader, he led the Australians during their most significant victories in the final year of the conflict.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Additional file 1 of The preceding root system drives the composition and function of the rhizosphere microbiome
Creators: name: Zhou, Yi
name: Coventry, David R.
name: Gupta, Vadakattu V. S. R.
name: Fuentes, David
name: Merchant, Andrew
name: Kaiser, Brent N.
name: Li, Jishun
name: Wei, Yanli
name: Liu, Huan
name: Wang, Yayu
name: Gan, Shuheng
name: Denton, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The experimental design. Table S2. Physical and chemical properties of soils. Table S3. MANOVA table. Table S4. The grain yield production influenced by decaying roots of pre-crop in the field experiment. Table S5. Statistical results of the assembled metagenome. Table S6. Statistical summary of the metagenomics sequencing and assembly. Table S7. The number of genes and reads aligned to the non-redundant gene catalogue and the annotated databases. Figure S1. Pictures of fresh root-residue root contact and root distortion of wheat and chickpea. Figure S2. Root distortion rate of wheat and chickpea influenced by decaying root. Figure S3. Comparing the functional and taxonomic structure of rhizosphere microbiome between wheat and chickpea growing under + and – decaying root. Figure S4. Comparison of differentially abundant genes between rhizosphere and detritusphere microbiome under + and – decaying root. Figure S5. Functional and taxonomic annotation of the differentially abundant genes in the rhizosphere of wheat and chickpea under + and – decaying root. Figure S6. Taxonomic structure of rhizosphere microbiome at different metabolic pathways. Figure S7. Comparison of two approaches, amplicon sequencing on 16S rRNA genes and metagenomics sequencing, to analyse microbiome taxonomic composition at genus level. Figure S8. Identification of chickpea symbiotic rhizobia. Figure S9. Root length density of wheat and chickpea under + and – decaying root (DR) changed with days after planting. Figure S10. Flowchart of bioinformatics analysis for metagenomics sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Measuring black hole spin of GRS1915+105 in thermal state including self-irradiation of accretion disk
Creators: name: Mikusincova, Romana
name: Matt, Giorgio
name: Dovciak, Michal
name: Taverna, Roberto
name: Svoboda, Jiri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: accretion
accretion discs
polarization
stars: black holes
X-rays: binaries
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
relativistic processes
Black hole physics
Binary stars
thermal state

description: Observing the x-ray black hole binary source GRS1915+105 has been classified as a top priority during the first year of IXPE operation. The primarily occurrence of the source in thermal state makes it the perfect candidate for black hole spin measurements. To credibly assess the source polarimetric properties, we use a multicolor black body emission model accounting for thermal radiation from the disk accretion complemented by self-irradiation of the accretion disk. We simulate the future observations of GRS1915+105 with IXPE and study the impact of a constant albedo on the polarization properties of the source. We demonstrate the capabilities of the mission and the precision of the black hole spin constraints. GRS1915+105 has been in an obscured state since 2018, and is therefore used as a test source in this study. However, the results obtained from our analysis are applicable to any bright source in thermal state.
description: {"references": ["Taverna, Roberto et al. (2020): Towards a complete description of spectra and polarization of black hole accretion discs: albedo profiles and returning radiation", "Pesce-Rollins, Melissa et al. (2019): An observation-simulation and analysis framework for the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE)"]}
Evidence for Shape Co-existence at medium spin in 76Rb
Creators: name: Wadsworth, R.
name: Ragnarsson, I.
name: Carlsson, B. G.
name: Ma, Hai-Liang
name: Davies, P. J.
name: Andreoiu, C.
name: Austin, R. A. E.
name: Carpenter, M. P.
name: Dashdorj, D.
name: Freeman, S. J.
name: Garrett, P. E.
name: Greene, J.
name: Görgen, A.
name: Jenkins, D. G.
name: Johnston-Theasby, F.
name: Joshi, P.
name: Macchiavelli, A. O.
name: Moore, F.
name: Mukherjee, G.
name: Reviol, W.
name: Sarantites, D. G.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Svensson, C. E.
name: Valiente-Dobón, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four previously known rotational bands in 76Rb have been extended to moderate spins using the Gammasphere and Microball gamma ray and charged particle detector arrays and the 40Ca(40Ca,3pn) reaction at a beam energy of 165 MeV. The properties of two of the negative-parity bands can only readily be interpreted in terms of the highly successful Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model calculations if they have the same configuration in terms of the number of g9/2 particles, but they result from different nuclear shapes (one near-oblate and the other near-prolate). These data appear to constitute a unique example of shape co-existing structures at medium spins.
description: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Bioheterojunction Effect on Fluorescence Origin and Efficiency Improvement of Firefly Chromophores
Creators: name: Cai, Duanjun
name: Marques, Miguel A. L.
name: Milne, Bruce F.
name: Nogueira, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose the heterojunction effect in the analysis of the fluorescence mechanism of the firefly chromophore. Following this analysis, and with respect to the HOMO-LUMO gap alignment between the chromophore's functional fragments, three main heterojunction types (I, II, and I*) are identified. Time-dependent density-functional theory optical absorption calculations for the firefly chromophore show that the strongest excitation appears in the deprotonated anion state of the keto form. This can be explained by its high HOMO-LUMO overlap due to strong bio-heterojunction confinement. It is also found that the nitrogen atom in the thiazolyl rings, due to its larger electronegativity, plays a key role in the emission process, its importance growing when HOMO and LUMO overlap at its location. This principle is applied to enhance the chromophore's fluorescence efficiency and to guide the functionalization of molecular optoelectronic devices.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Strategic Issues on Implementing a Software Process Improvement Program
Creators: name: Rossi, Rogerio
name: Hirama, Kechi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software technology has high impact on the global economy as in many sectors of contemporary society. As a product enabling the most varied daily activities, the software product has to be produced reflecting high quality. Software quality is dependent on its development that is based in a large set of software development processes. However, the implementation and continuous improvement of software process aimed at software product should be carefully institutionalized by software development organizations such as software factories, testing factories, V&V organizations, among others. The institutionalization of programs such as a Software Process Improvement Program, or SPI Program, require a strategic planning, which is addressed in this article from the perspective of specific models and frameworks, as well as reflections based on software process engineering models and standards. In addition, a set of strategic drivers is proposed to assist the implementation of a Strategic Plan for a SPI Program which can be considered by the organizations before starting this kind of Program.
description: InSITE Conference - Tampa, USA - 2015
A NICER View of Cygnus X-3 During a Period of Gamma-Ray Emission
Creators: name: McCollough, Michael
name: Corcoran, M.
name: Kallman, T.
name: Koljonen, K.
name: Gurwell, M.
name: Corbet, R.
name: Gendreau, K.
name: Arzoumanian, Z.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Microquasar, X-Ray Binary, Cygnus X-3. X-Ray Spectroscopy

description: In 2018, Cygnus X-3 underwent active periods which produced several major radio flares and gamma-ray emission. As part of a multi-wavelength campaign, Cygnus X-3 was observed in the X-ray (NICER, MAXI, Swift/BAT), submillimeter (SMA), radio (RATAN-600, AMI-LA, MRO), IR (Faulkes), and gamma-ray (Fermi, AGILE) bands. Here we present results of the the NICER observations made during this campaign. The NICER spectra are used to provide high time-sampled measurements of the variations in the continuum, line and absorption features as a function of time and phase, and to compare the spectra to higher spectral resolution observations previously obtained by the Chandra HETG. We briefly discuss the variations in the NICER spectra taken during a gamma-ray emission and the time of launch of Jy level flares (seen at submillimeter wavelengths).
How to Teach a Teacher: Challenges and Opportunities in Physics Teacher Education in Germany and the USA
Creators: name: Van Dusen, Ben
name: Vogelsang, Christoph
name: Taylor, Joseph
name: Cauet, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Preparing future physics teachers for the demanding nature of their profession is an important and complex endeavor. Teacher education systems must provide a structure for the coherent professional development of prospective teachers. Worldwide, physics teacher education is organized in different ways, but have to face similar challenges, like the relation between academic studies and practical preparation. To meet these challenges, it is worth taking look at different teacher education systems. In this chapter, we compare physics teacher education in two countries, representing two different educational traditions: Germany and the USA. Comparing different aspects of physics teacher education (standards, organization and institutionalization, content of teacher education, quality assurance), we describe both systems in their current state and why they are organized in the way they are. In doing so, we identify surprising commonalities but also different opportunities for both systems to learn from each other.
description: 27 pages. In: Challenges in Physics Education (2021)