cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CMR detects decreased myocardial deformation in asymptomatic patients at risk for heart failure
Creators: name: Hashemi, Djawid
name: Doeblin, Patrick
name: Blum, Moritz
name: Weiss, Karl Jakob
name: Schneider, Matthias
name: Korosoglou, Grigorios
name: Beyer, Rebecca Elisabeth
name: Pieske, Burkert
name: Edelmann, Frank
name: Kelle, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: heart failure
subject: cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
subject: myocardial deformation
subject: strain
subject: handgrip exercise
subject: risk
subject: asymptomatic
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Aims: The main management strategy of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prevention since HFpEF is associated with many cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, especially since HFpEF is linked to a high risk for both mortality and recurrent heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Therefore, there is a need for new tools to identify patients with a high risk profile early. Regional strain assessment by CMR seems to be superior in describing deformation impairment in HF. The MyoHealth score is a promising tool to identify cardiac changes early. Methods and results: Heart failure patients irrespective of LVEF and asymptomatic controls were recruited, and CMR based measures were obtained. For this analysis the asymptomatic control group (n = 19) was divided into asymptomatic subjects without CV co-morbidities or evidence of cardiac abnormalities and (n = 12) and asymptomatic subjects with CV co-morbidities or evidence of cardiac abnormalities (n = 7) as well as patients with HFpEF (n = 19). We performed CMR scans at rest and during a stress test using isometric handgrip exercise (HG). Assessing the MyoHealth score at rest revealed preserved regional strain in 85 +/- 9% of LV segments in controls, 73 +/- 11% in at Risk subjects and 73 +/- 8% in HFpEF patients. During stress the MyoHealth score was 84 +/- 7% in controls, 83 +/- 7 in at risk subjects and 74 +/- 11 in HFpEF patients. Conclusion: In summary, we show for the first time that asymptomatic subjects with increased CV risk present with HFpEF like impaired myocardial deformation at rest, while they show results like controls under HG stress. The potential of preventive treatment in this group of patients merits further investigation in future.
The Galaxy-Halo Connection Over The Last 13.3 Gyrs
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Puebla, Aldo
name: Primack, Joel R.
name: Avila-Reese, Vladimir
name: Faber, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new determinations of the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR) at $z=0-10$ that match the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function, the SFR$-M_*$ relation,and the cosmic star formation rate. We utilize a compilation of 40 observational studies from the literature and correct them for potential biases. Using our robust determinations of halo mass assembly and the SHMR, we infer star formation histories, merger rates, and structural properties for average galaxies, combining star-forming and quenched galaxies. Our main findings: (1) The halo mass $M_{50}$ above which 50\% of galaxies are quenched coincides with sSFR/sMAR$\sim1$, where sMAR is the specific halo mass accretion rate. (2) $M_{50}$ increases with redshift, presumably due to cold streams being more efficient at high redshift while virial shocks and AGN feedback become more relevant at lower redshifts. (3) The ratio sSFR/sMAR has a peak value, which occurs around $M_{\rm vir}\sim2\times10^{11}M_{\odot}$. (4) The stellar mass density within 1 kpc, $Σ_1$, is a good indicator of the galactic global sSFR. (5) Galaxies are statistically quenched after they reach a maximum in $Σ_1$, consistent with theoretical expectations of the gas compaction model; this maximum depends on redshift. (6) In-situ star formation is responsible for most galactic stellar mass growth, especially for lower-mass galaxies. (7) Galaxies grow inside out. The marked change in the slope of the size--mass relation when galaxies became quenched, from $d\log R_{\rm eff}/d\log M_*\sim0.35$ to $\sim2.5$, could be the result of dry minor mergers.
description: 42 pages, 31 Figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Typos corrected. The results presented in this paper are available via an interactive website: https://132.248.1.39/galaxy/galaxy_halo.html
Advanced Force Sensing and Novel Microrobotic Mechanisms for Biomedical Applications
Creators: name: Adam, Georges
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Over the years, research and development of micro-force sensing techniques has gained a lot of traction, especially for microrobotic applications, such as micromanipulation and biomedical material characterization studies. Moreover, in recent years, new microfabrication techniques have been developed, such as two-photon polymerization (TPP), which enables fast prototyping, high resolution features, and the utilization of a wide range of materials. In general, the main goals of this work are to improve the resolution and range of novel vision-based force sensors, create microrobotic and micromanipulation systems capable of tackling a multitude of applications, and ensuring these systems are flexible and provide a sold foundation to the advancement of the field as a whole.
 The current work can be divided into three main parts: (i) a wireless magnetic microrobot with 2D vision-based force sensing, (ii) a 3D vision-based force sensing probe for tethered micromanipulators, and (iii) a micromanipulation system capable of accurately controlling and performing advanced tasks. The vision-based force sensors developed here have resolutions ranging from the mN range to even sub-$\mu$N range, depending on the material used, geometry, and overall footprint.
 In part (i), the microrobot has been developed mainly for biomedical applications \textit{in vitro}, with the ability to perform mechanical characterization and microassembly tasks of different rigid and biomedical materials. In part (ii), a similar sensor mechanic is used, but now adapted to a micromanipulation probe, which is able to detect forces in three dimensions and work in dry environments. In conjunction with the micromanipulation system described in part (iii), the system is capable of performing advanced assembly applications, including accurate assembly and 3D mounting of microparts.
 With the introduction of TPP technologies to these works, the next generation of adaptable microrobotics and micromanipulation systems for advanced biomedical applications is starting to take shape, ever more versatile, smaller, more accurate, and with more advanced capabilities. This work shows the progression of these overall systems and gives a glimpse of what is possible with TPP and the technologies to come.
Status of installation and commissioning for the Belle II time-of-propagation counter
Creators: name: Maeda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Time-Of-Propagation (TOP) counter is a novel device for particle identification for the barrel region of the Belle II experiment, where, information of Cherenkov light propagation time is used to reconstruct its ring image. We successfully finished the detector production and installation to the Belle II structure in 2016. Commissioning of the installed detector has been on going, where the detector operation in the 1.5-T magnetic field was studied. Although we found a problem where photomultipliers were mechanically moved due to the magnetic force, it was immediately fixed. Performance was evaluated with cosmic ray data, the number of photon hits were confirmed to be consistent with simulation within 15-30%.
description: proceedings to Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics (INSTR17), 27 Feb - 3 Mar, 2017, Novosibirsk, Russia 6 pages, 7 figures
TESS and CHEOPS discover two warm sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf HD 15906
Creators: name: Tuson, A.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Osborn, H. P.
name: Wilson, T. G.
name: Hooton, M. J.
name: Beck, M.
name: Lendl, M.
name: Olofsson, G.
name: Fortier, A.
name: Rauer, Heike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: techniques: photometric
subject: planets and satellites: detection
subject: planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
subject: stars: fundamental parameters
subject: stars: individual: HD 15906 (TOI 461, TIC 4646810)
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We report the discovery of two warm sub-Neptunes transiting the bright (G = 9.5 mag) K-dwarf HD 15906 (TOI 461, TIC 4646810). This star was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in sectors 4 and 31, revealing two small transiting planets. The inner planet, HD 15906 b, was detected with an unambiguous period but the outer planet, HD 15906 c, showed only two transits separated by ∼ 734 d, leading to 36 possible values of its period. We performed follow-up observations with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to confirm the true period of HD 15906 c and improve the radius precision of the two planets. From TESS, CHEOPS, and additional ground-based photometry, we find that HD 15906 b has a radius of 2.24 ± 0.08 R⊕ and a period of 10.924709 ± 0.000032 d, whilst HD 15906 c has a radius of 2.93+0.07−0.06 R⊕ and a period of 21.583298+0.000052−0.000055 d. Assuming zero bond albedo and full day-night heat redistribution, the inner and outer planet have equilibrium temperatures of 668 ± 13 K and 532 ± 10 K, respectively. The HD 15906 system has become one of only six multiplanet systems with two warm (≲ 700 K) sub-Neptune sized planets transiting a bright star (G ≤ 10 mag). It is an excellent target for detailed characterization studies to constrain the composition of sub-Neptune planets and test theories of planet formation and evolution.
Age differences in comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and outcomes of influenza illness requiring hospitalization: A worldwide perspective from the global influenza hospital surveillance network.
Creators: name: Andrew, Melissa K
name: Pott, Henrique
name: Staadegaard, Lisa
name: Paget, John
name: Chaves, Sandra S
name: Ortiz, Justin R
name: McCauley, John
name: Bresee, Joseph
name: Nunes, Marta C
name: Baumeister, Elsa
name: Raboni, Sonia Mara
name: Giamberardino, Heloisa IG
name: McNeil, Shelly A
name: Gomez, Doris
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Vanhems, Philippe
name: Koul, Parvaiz A
name: Coulibaly, Daouda
name: Otieno, Nancy A
name: Dbaibo, Ghassan
name: Almeida, Maria Lourdes Guerrero
name: Laguna-Torres, Victor Alberto
name: Drăgănescu, Anca Cristina
name: Burtseva, Elena
name: Sominina, Anna
name: Danilenko, Daria
name: Medić, Snežana
name: Diez-Domingo, Javier
name: Lina, Bruno
name: Investigators, on behalf of GIHSN
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Infectious Disease
Ecology,Evolution & Ethology

description: Background. The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) was established in 2012 to conduct coordinated worldwide influenza surveillance. In this study, we describe underlying comorbidities, symptoms, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with influenza. Methods. Between November 2018 and October 2019, GIHSN included 19 sites in 18 countries using a standardized surveillance protocol. Influenza infection was laboratory-confirmed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized to analyze the extent to which various risk factors predict severe outcomes. Results. Of 16 022 enrolled patients, 21.9% had laboratory-confirmed influenza; 49.2% of influenza cases were A/ H1N1pdm09. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, although they decreased with age (P < .001). Shortness of breath was uncommon among those <50 years but increased with age (P < .001). Middle and older age and history of underlying diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were associated with increased odds of death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and male sex and influenza vaccination were associated with lower odds. The ICU admissions and mortality occurred across the age spectrum. Conclusions. Both virus and host factors contributed to influenza burden. We identified age differences in comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and adverse clinical outcomes among those hospitalized with influenza and benefit from influenza vaccination in protecting against adverse clinical outcomes. The GIHSN provides an ongoing platform for global understanding of hospitalized influenza illness.
Probabilistic Degeneracy Detection for Point-to-Plane Error Minimization
Creators: name: Hatleskog, Johan
name: Alexis, Kostas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Degeneracies arising from uninformative geometry are known to deteriorate LiDAR-based localization and mapping. This work introduces a new probabilistic method to detect and mitigate the effect of degeneracies in point-to-plane error minimization. The noise on the Hessian of the point-to-plane optimization problem is characterized by the noise on points and surface normals used in its construction. We exploit this characterization to quantify the probability of a direction being degenerate. The degeneracy-detection procedure is used in a new real-time degeneracy-aware iterative closest point algorithm for LiDAR registration, in which we smoothly attenuate updates in degenerate directions. The method's parameters are selected based on the noise characteristics provided in the LiDAR's datasheet. We validate the approach in four real-world experiments, demonstrating that it outperforms state-of-the-art methods at detecting and mitigating the adverse effects of degeneracies. For the benefit of the community, we release the code for the method at: github.com/ntnu-arl/drpm.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (IEEE RAL). Supplementary video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKnHs_wwnXs. Code: https://github.com/ntnu-arl/drpm
Hydration of Mafic Crust – Analytical and Numerical Insights
Creators: name: Engelmann, Jasper
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Metamorphism
subject: Amphibolite
subject: Numerical Modelling
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::552 Petrologie

description: The grain-scale mechanisms of hydration of mafic lower crustal rocks are investigated through partially amphibolitized samples from the Hustad Igneous Complex in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway. Chemical maps were obtained on continuous rock sections of 20 cm by 2 cm and supplemented with EMP point measurements. Numerical models are employed to reproduce reactive fluid flow driven by a fluid pressure gradient. The Proterozoic pyroxenite body and dolerite dike show different responses to the exposure to hydrous fluids along fractures formed during late Caledonian extension and exhumation. While the dolerite reaches full amphibolitization in a cm-scale reaction halo with a dm-scale transition zone, the pyroxenite has experienced previous metamorphism and is less affected by this event. Dissolution precipitation reactions and slightly faster grain boundary assisted flow are identified as the main mechanisms of fluid flow through the rock and limited element mobility is documented by grain scale chemical gradients in forming amphibole. Phase diagram calculations yield a P/T-window between 650 – 730°C and 0.4 – 0.6 GPa for amphibolite formation. 1D numerical models of reactive fluid flow driven by a fluid pressure gradient show the reaction and reproduce differences in front propagation speed between the two lithologies as observed in the samples. A simple 2D model is employed to demonstrate that the gradual transition from dolerite to amphibolite can be achieved by implementing higher permeability along grain boundaries, supported by the observation that flow along boundaries continues before individual grains are fully replaced.
Perfect Transmission through Disordered Media
Creators: name: King, Chris
name: Horsley, Simon
name: Philbin, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transmission of a wave through a randomly chosen `pile of plates' typically decreases exponentially with the number of plates, a phenomenon closely related to Anderson localisation. In apparent contradiction we construct disordered planar permittivity profiles which are complex-valued (i.e. have reactive and dissipative properties) that appear to vary randomly with position, yet are one-way reflectionless for all angles of incidence and exhibit a transmission coefficient of unity. We contrast these complex-valued 'random' planar permittivity profiles with a family of real-valued, two-way reflectionless and perfectly transmitting disordered permittivity profiles that function only for a single angle of incidence and frequency.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
On the relationship between metabolic capacities and in vivo viscoelastic properties of the liver
Creators: name: Shahryari, Mehrgan
name: Keller, Sarah
name: Meierhofer, David
name: Wallach, Iwona
name: Safraou, Yasmine
name: Guo, Jing
name: Marticorena Garcia, Stephan R.
name: Braun, Jürgen
name: Makowski, Marcus R.
name: Sack, Ingolf
name: Berndt, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: viscoelasticity
subject: MRE
subject: PET
subject: stiffness
subject: liver metabolism
subject: proteomics
subject: reserve capacity
subject: hepatic function model
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The liver is the central metabolic organ. It constantly adapts its metabolic capacity to current physiological requirements. However, the relationship between tissue structure and hepatic function is incompletely understood; this results in a lack of diagnostic markers in medical imaging that can provide information about the liver's metabolic capacity. Therefore, using normal rabbit livers, we combined magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) with proteomics-based kinetic modeling of central liver metabolism to investigate the potential role of MRE for predicting the liver's metabolic function in vivo. Nineteen New Zealand white rabbits were investigated by multifrequency MRE and positron emission tomography (PET). This yielded maps of shear wave speed (SWS), penetration rate (PR) and standardized uptake value (SUV). Proteomic analysis was performed after the scans. Hepatic metabolic functions were assessed on the basis of the HEPATOKIN1 model in combination with a model of hepatic lipid-droplet metabolism using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results showed marked differences between individual livers in both metabolic functions and stiffness properties, though not in SUV. When livers were divided into 'stiff' and 'soft' subgroups (cutoff SWS = 1.6 m/s), stiff livers showed a lower capacity for triacylglycerol storage, while at the same time showing an increased capacity for gluconeogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, SWS was correlated with gluconeogenesis and PR with urea production and glutamine exchange. In conclusion, our study indicates a close relationship between the viscoelastic properties of the liver and metabolic function. This could be used in future studies to predict non-invasively the functional reserve capacity of the liver in patients.
On hyperbolic knots in S^3 with exceptional surgeries at maximal distance
Creators: name: Audoux, Benjamin
name: Lecuona, Ana G.
name: Roukema, Fionntan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Baker showed that 10 of the 12 classes of Berge knots are obtained by surgery on the minimally twisted 5-chain link. In this article we enumerate all hyperbolic knots in S^3 obtained by surgery on the minimally twisted 5 chain link that realize the maximal known distances between slopes corresponding to exceptional (lens, lens), (lens, toroidal), (lens, Seifert fibred spaces) pairs. In light of Baker's work, the classification in this paper conjecturally accounts for 'most' hyperbolic knots in S^3 realizing the maximal distance between these exceptional pairs. All examples obtained in our classification are realized by filling the magic manifold. The classification highlights additional examples not mentioned in Martelli and Petronio's survey of the exceptional fillings on the magic manifold. Of particular interest, is an example of a knot with two lens space surgeries that is not obtained by filling the Berge manifold.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures. This revised version has some improvements in the exposition. The main theorems remain as in the last version
Two- and three-dimensional wide-field weak lensing mass maps from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program S16A data
Creators: name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Miyazaki, Satoshi
name: Hikage, Chiaki
name: Mandelbaum, Rachel
name: Utsumi, Yousuke
name: Miyatake, Hironao
name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Armstrong, Robert
name: Bosch, James
name: Komiyama, Yutaka
name: Leauthaud, Alexie
name: More, Surhud
name: Nishizawa, Atsushi J.
name: Okabe, Nobuhiro
name: Tanaka, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present wide-field (167 deg$^2$) weak lensing mass maps from the Hyper Supreme-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). We compare these weak lensing based dark matter maps with maps of the distribution of the stellar mass associated with luminous red galaxies. We find a strong correlation between these two maps with a correlation coefficient of $ρ=0.54\pm0.03$ (for a smoothing size of $8'$). This correlation is detected even with a smaller smoothing scale of $2'$ ($ρ=0.34\pm 0.01$). This detection is made uniquely possible because of the high source density of the HSC-SSP weak lensing survey ($\bar{n}\sim 25$ arcmin$^{-2}$). We also present a variety of tests to demonstrate that our maps are not significantly affected by systematic effects. By using the photometric redshift information associated with source galaxies, we reconstruct a three-dimensional mass map. This three-dimensional mass map is also found to correlate with the three-dimensional galaxy mass map. Cross-correlation tests presented in this paper demonstrate that the HSC-SSP weak lensing mass maps are ready for further science analyses.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Signatures of lattice geometry in quantum and topological Hall effect
Creators: name: Göbel, Börge
name: Mook, Alexander
name: Henk, Jürgen
name: Mertig, Ingrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological Hall effect (THE) of electrons in skyrmion crystals is strongly related to the quantum Hall effect (QHE) on lattices. This relation suggests to revisit the QHE because its Hall conductivity can be unconventionally quantized. It exhibits a jump and changes sign abruptly if the Fermi level crosses a van Hove singularity. In this Paper, we investigate the unconventional QHE features by discussing band structures, Hall conductivities, and topological edge states for square and triangular lattices; their origin are Chern numbers of bands in the skyrmion crystal (THE) or of the corresponding Landau levels (QHE). Striking features in the energy dependence of the Hall conductivities are traced back to the band structure without magnetic field whose properties are dictated by the lattice geometry. Based on these findings, we derive an approximation that allows us to determine the energy dependence of the topological Hall conductivity on any twodimensional lattice. The validity of this approximation is proven for the honeycomb lattice. We conclude that skyrmion crystals lend themselves for experiments to validate our findings for the THE and - indirectly - the QHE.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Modelling blood flow in patients with heart valve disease using deep learning: A computationally efficient method to expand diagnostic capabilities in clinical routine
Creators: name: Yevtushenko, Pavlo
name: Goubergrits, Leonid
name: Franke, Benedikt
name: Kuehne, Titus
name: Schafstedde, Marie
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: deep learning
subject: computational fluid dynamics
subject: heart valve disease
subject: aortic stenosis
subject: in-silico modelling
subject: artificial neural network
subject: image-based modelling
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: The computational modelling of blood flow is known to provide vital hemodynamic parameters for diagnosis and treatment-support for patients with valvular heart disease. However, most diagnosis/treatment-support solutions based on flow modelling proposed utilize time- and resource-intensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and are therefore difficult to implement into clinical practice. In contrast, deep learning (DL) algorithms provide results quickly with little need for computational power. Thus, modelling blood flow with DL instead of CFD may substantially enhances the usability of flow modelling-based diagnosis/treatment support in clinical routine. In this study, we propose a DL-based approach to compute pressure and wall-shear-stress (WSS) in the aorta and aortic valve of patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Methods: A total of 103 individual surface models of the aorta and aortic valve were constructed from computed tomography data of AS patients. Based on these surface models, a total of 267 patient-specific, steady-state CFD simulations of aortic flow under various flow rates were performed. Using this simulation data, an artificial neural network (ANN) was trained to compute spatially resolved pressure and WSS using a centerline-based representation. An unseen test subset of 23 cases was used to compare both methods. Results: ANN and CFD-based computations agreed well with a median relative difference between both methods of 6.0% for pressure and 4.9% for wall-shear-stress. Demonstrating the ability of DL to compute clinically relevant hemodynamic parameters for AS patients, this work presents a possible solution to facilitate the introduction of modelling-based treatment support into clinical practice.
Gauge hierarchy problem in asymptotically safe gravity--the resurgence mechanism
Creators: name: Wetterich, Christof
name: Yamada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gauge hierarchy problem could find a solution within the scenario of asymptotic safety for quantum gravity. We discuss a "resurgence mechanism" where the running dimensionless coupling responsible for the Higgs scalar mass first decreases in the ultraviolet regime and subsequently increases in the infrared regime. A gravity induced large anomalous dimension plays a crucial role for the required "self-tuned criticality" in the ultraviolet regime beyond the Planck scale.
description: Version published in Phys.Lett. B; 5 pages, 1 figure
Changes of aortic hemodynamics after aortic valve replacement—A four dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance follow up study
Creators: name: Wiesemann, Stephanie
name: Trauzeddel, Ralf Felix
name: Musa, Ahmed
name: Hickstein, Richard
name: Mayr, Thomas
name: Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff, Florian Von
name: Bollache, Emilie
name: Markl, Michael
name: Schulz-Menger, Jeanette
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
subject: 4D flow
subject: aorta
subject: aortic stenosis
subject: bicuspid aortic valve
subject: aortic valve replacement
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objectives: Non-invasive assessment of aortic hemodynamics using four dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides new information on blood flow patterns and wall shear stress (WSS). Aortic valve stenosis (AS) and/or bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) are associated with altered aortic flow patterns and elevated WSS. Aim of this study was to investigate changes in aortic hemodynamics over time in patients with AS and/or BAV with or without aortic valve replacement. Methods: We rescheduled 20 patients for a second 4D flow MRI examination, whose first examination was at least 3 years prior. A total of 7 patients received an aortic valve replacement between baseline and follow up examination (=operated group = OP group). Aortic flow patterns (helicity/vorticity) were assessed using a semi-quantitative grading approach from 0 to 3, flow volumes were evaluated in 9 planes, WSS in 18 and peak velocity in 3 areas. Results: While most patients had vortical and/or helical flow formations within the aorta, there was no significant change over time. Ascending aortic forward flow volumes were significantly lower in the OP group than in the NOP group at baseline (NOP 69.3 mL +/- 14.2 mL vs. OP 55.3 mL +/- 1.9 mL p = 0.029). WSS in the outer ascending aorta was significantly higher in the OP group than in the NOP group at baseline (NOP 0.6 +/- 0.2 N/m(2) vs. OP 0.8 +/- 0.2 N/m(2), p = 0.008). Peak velocity decreased from baseline to follow up in the aortic arch only in the OP group (1.6 +/- 0.6 m/s vs. 1.2 +/- 0.3 m/s, p = 0.018). Conclusion: Aortic valve replacement influences aortic hemodynamics. The parameters improve after surgery.
Exact results for quenched bond randomness at criticality
Creators: name: Delfino, Gesualdo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an exact replica method for the study of critical systems with quenched bond randomness in two dimensions. For the $q$-state Potts model we show that a line of renormalization group fixed points interpolates from weak to strong randomness as $q-2$ grows from small to large values. This theory exhibits a $q$-independent sector, and allows at the same time for a correlation length exponent which keeps the Ising value and continuously varying magnetization exponent and effective central charge. These findings appear to solve long standing numerical and theoretical puzzles, and to illustrate the peculiarities which may characterize the conformal field theories of random fixed points.
description: published version
Gravitational wave, collider and dark matter signals from a scalar singlet electroweak baryogenesis
Creators: name: Beniwal, Ankit
name: Lewicki, Marek
name: Wells, James D.
name: White, Martin
name: Williams, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a simple extension of the SM with just an additional scalar singlet coupled to the Higgs boson. We discuss the possible probes for electroweak baryogenesis in this model including collider searches, gravitational wave and direct dark matter detection signals. We show that a large portion of the model parameter space exists where the observation of gravitational waves would allow detection while the indirect collider searches would not.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Multilevel comparison of deep learning models for function quantification in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: On the redundancy of architectural variations
Creators: name: Ammann, Clemens
name: Hadler, Thomas
name: Gröschel, Jan
name: Kolbitsch, Christoph
name: Schulz-Menger, Jeanette
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cardiovascular magnetic resonance
subject: MRI
subject: artificial intelligence
subject: deep learning
subject: cardiac image segmentation
subject: cardiac function quantification
subject: quality control
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Cardiac function quantification in cardiovascular magnetic resonance requires precise contouring of the heart chambers. This time-consuming task is increasingly being addressed by a plethora of ever more complex deep learning methods. However, only a small fraction of these have made their way from academia into clinical practice. In the quality assessment and control of medical artificial intelligence, the opaque reasoning and associated distinctive errors of neural networks meet an extraordinarily low tolerance for failure. Aim: The aim of this study is a multilevel analysis and comparison of the performance of three popular convolutional neural network (CNN) models for cardiac function quantification. Methods: U-Net, FCN, and MultiResUNet were trained for the segmentation of the left and right ventricles on short-axis cine images of 119 patients from clinical routine. The training pipeline and hyperparameters were kept constant to isolate the influence of network architecture. CNN performance was evaluated against expert segmentations for 29 test cases on contour level and in terms of quantitative clinical parameters. Multilevel analysis included breakdown of results by slice position, as well as visualization of segmentation deviations and linkage of volume differences to segmentation metrics via correlation plots for qualitative analysis. Results: All models showed strong correlation to the expert with respect to quantitative clinical parameters (r(z)(') = 0.978, 0.977, 0.978 for U-Net, FCN, MultiResUNet respectively). The MultiResUNet significantly underestimated ventricular volumes and left ventricular myocardial mass. Segmentation difficulties and failures clustered in basal and apical slices for all CNNs, with the largest volume differences in the basal slices (mean absolute error per slice: 4.2 +/- 4.5 ml for basal, 0.9 +/- 1.3 ml for midventricular, 0.9 +/- 0.9 ml for apical slices). Results for the right ventricle had higher variance and more outliers compared to the left ventricle. Intraclass correlation for clinical parameters was excellent (>= 0.91) among the CNNs. Conclusion: Modifications to CNN architecture were not critical to the quality of error for our dataset. Despite good overall agreement with the expert, errors accumulated in basal and apical slices for all models.
Solitary states for coupled oscillators
Creators: name: Jaros, Patrycja
name: Brezetsky, Serhiy
name: Levchenko, Roman
name: Dudkowski, Dawid
name: Kapitaniak, Tomasz
name: Maistrenko, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We demonstrate that solitary states can be widely observed for networks of coupled oscillators with local, non-local and global couplings, and they preserve in both thermodynamic and Hamiltonian limits. We show that depending on units' and network's parameters, different types of solitary states occur, characterized by the number of isolated oscillators and the disposition in space. The creation of solitary states through the homoclinic bifurcation is described and the regions of co-existence of obtained states and typical examples of dynamics have been identified. Our analysis suggests that solitary states can be observed in a wide class of networks relevant to various real-world systems.
description: 4 figures
Radiomics-based aortic flow profile characterization with 4D phase-contrast MRI
Creators: name: Huellebrand, Markus
name: Jarmatz, Lina
name: Manini, Chiara
name: Laube, Ann
name: Ivantsits, Matthias
name: Schulz-Menger, Jeanette
name: Nordmeyer, Sarah
name: Harloff, Andreas
name: Hansmann, Jochen
name: Kelle, Sebastian
name: Hennemuth, Anja
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Radiomics
subject: 4D PC-MRI
subject: flow profile
subject: aortic valve stenosis
subject: population
subject: travelling volunteers
subject: reproduciblity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: 4D PC MRI of the aorta has become a routinely available examination, and a multitude of single parameters have been suggested for the quantitative assessment of relevant flow features for clinical studies and diagnosis. However, clinically applicable assessment of complex flow patterns is still challenging. We present a concept for applying radiomics for the quantitative characterization of flow patterns in the aorta. To this end, we derive cross-sectional scalar parameter maps related to parameters suggested in literature such as throughflow, flow direction, vorticity, and normalized helicity. Derived radiomics features are selected with regard to their inter-scanner and inter-observer reproducibility, as well as their performance in the differentiation of sex-, age- and disease-related flow properties. The reproducible features were tested on user-selected examples with respect to their suitability for characterizing flow profile types. In future work, such signatures could be applied for quantitative flow assessment in clinical studies or disease phenotyping.
Link Mining for Kernel-based Compound-Protein Interaction Predictions Using a Chemogenomics Approach
Creators: name: Ohue, Masahito
name: Yamazaki, Takuro
name: Ban, Tomohiro
name: Akiyama, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.3

description: Virtual screening (VS) is widely used during computational drug discovery to reduce costs. Chemogenomics-based virtual screening (CGBVS) can be used to predict new compound-protein interactions (CPIs) from known CPI network data using several methods, including machine learning and data mining. Although CGBVS facilitates highly efficient and accurate CPI prediction, it has poor performance for prediction of new compounds for which CPIs are unknown. The pairwise kernel method (PKM) is a state-of-the-art CGBVS method and shows high accuracy for prediction of new compounds. In this study, on the basis of link mining, we improved the PKM by combining link indicator kernel (LIK) and chemical similarity and evaluated the accuracy of these methods. The proposed method obtained an average area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR) value of 0.562, which was higher than that achieved by the conventional Gaussian interaction profile (GIP) method (0.425), and the calculation time was only increased by a few percent.
Electrotunable artificial molecules based on van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhuo-Zhi
name: Song, Xiang-Xiang
name: Luo, Gang
name: Deng, Guang-Wei
name: Mosallanejad, Vahid
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Li, Hai-Ou
name: Cao, Gang
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Nori, Franco
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum confinement has made it possible to detect and manipulate single-electron charge and spin states. The recent focus on two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted significant interests on possible applications to quantum devices, including detecting and manipulating either single-electron charging behavior or spin and valley degrees of freedom. However, the most popular model systems, consisting of tunable double-quantum-dot molecules, are still extremely difficult to realize in these materials. We show that an artificial molecule can be reversibly formed in atomically thin MoS2 sandwiched in hexagonal boron nitride, with each artificial atom controlled separately by electrostatic gating. The extracted values for coupling energies at different regimes indicate a single-electron transport behavior, with the coupling strength between the quantum dots tuned monotonically. Moreover, in the low-density regime, we observe a decrease of the conductance with magnetic field, suggesting the observation of Coulomb blockade weak anti-localization. Our experiments demonstrate for the first time the realization of an artificial quantum-dot molecule in a gated MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure, which could be used to investigate spin-valley physics. The compatibility with large-scale production, gate controllability, electron-hole bipolarity, and new quantum degrees of freedom in the family of 2D materials opens new possibilities for quantum electronics and its applications.
Herman's approach to quasi-periodic perturbations in the reversible KAM context 2
Creators: name: Sevryuk, Mikhail B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70K43, 70H33

description: We revisit non-autonomous systems depending quasi-periodically in time within the reversible context 2 of KAM theory and obtain Whitney smooth families of invariant tori in such systems via Herman's method. The reversible KAM context 2 refers to the situation where the dimension of the fixed point manifold of the reversing involution is less than half the codimension of the invariant torus in question.
description: 22 pages
Towards a 2d QFT Analog of the SYK Model
Creators: name: Turiaci, Gustavo
name: Verlinde, Herman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a 2D QFT generalization of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, which we argue preserves most of its features. The UV limit of the model is described by $N$ copies of a topological Ising CFT. The full interacting model exhibits conformal symmetry in the IR and an emergent pseudo-Goldstone mode that arises from broken reparametrization symmetry. We find that the effective action of the Goldstone mode matches with the 3D AdS gravity action, viewed as a functional of the boundary metric. We compute the spectral density and show that the leading deviation from conformal invariance looks like a $T \bar{T}$ deformation. We comment on the relation between the IR effective action and Liouville CFT.
description: 2+27 pages, 4 figures; v2: ref added
Rotationally modulated variability and pulsations of the He-rich star CPD -62 2124 with an extraordinarily strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Hubrig, S.
name: Mikulasek, Z.
name: Kholtygin, A. F.
name: Ilyin, I.
name: Schöller, M.
name: Jarvinen, S. P.
name: Scholz, R. D.
name: Zejda, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A longitudinal magnetic field with a strength of 5.2kG was recently detected in CPD -62 2124, which has a fractional main-sequence lifetime of about 60%. Strongly magnetic early-B type chemically peculiar stars in an advanced evolutionary state are of special interest to understand the evolution of the angular momentum and spin-down timescales in the presence of a global magnetic field. We exploited 17 FORS2 low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations and 844 ASAS3 photometric measurements for the determination of the rotation period, pulsations, and the magnetic field geometry of the star. We calculated periodograms and applied phenomenological models of photometric, spectral and spectropolarimetric variability. We found that all quantities studied, specifically equivalent widths, the mean longitudinal magnetic field , and the flux in the V filter, vary with the same period P = 2.628d, which was identified as the rotation period. The observed variations can be fully explained by a rigidly rotating main-sequence star with an uneven distribution of chemical elements, photometric spots, and a stable, nearly dipolar magnetic field with a polar field strength of about 21kG, frozen into the body of the star. The magnetic field of CPD -62 2124 is tilted to the rotation axis by beta=28+-7deg, while the inclination of the rotation axis towards the line of sight is only i=20+-5deg. In the acquired FORS2 spectra, we detect short-term line profile variations indicating the presence of beta Cephei type pulsations. As of today, no other pulsating star of this type is known to possess such a strong magnetic field.
description: 9 pages, 3 tables, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Loop induced type-II seesaw model and GeV dark matter with $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry
Creators: name: Nomura, Takaaki
name: Okada, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model with $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry and several new fermions in no conflict with anomaly cancellation where the neutrino masses are given by the vacuum expectation value of Higgs triplet induced at the one-loop level. The new fermions are odd under discrete $Z_2$ symmetry and the lightest one becomes dark matter candidate. We find that the mass of dark matter is typically $O(1)$-$O(10)$ GeV. Then relic density of the dark matter is discussed.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, accepted version for publication in Physics Letters B
Efficiently Finding Simple Schedules in Gaussian Half-Duplex Relay Line Networks
Creators: name: Ezzeldin, Yahya H.
name: Cardone, Martina
name: Fragouli, Christina
name: Tuninetti, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of operating a Gaussian Half-Duplex (HD) relay network optimally is challenging due to the exponential number of listen/transmit network states that need to be considered. Recent results have shown that, for the class of Gaussian HD networks with N relays, there always exists a simple schedule, i.e., with at most N +1 active states, that is sufficient for approximate (i.e., up to a constant gap) capacity characterization. This paper investigates how to efficiently find such a simple schedule over line networks. Towards this end, a polynomial-time algorithm is designed and proved to output a simple schedule that achieves the approximate capacity. The key ingredient of the algorithm is to leverage similarities between network states in HD and edge coloring in a graph. It is also shown that the algorithm allows to derive a closed-form expression for the approximate capacity of the Gaussian line network that can be evaluated distributively and in linear time. Additionally, it is shown using this closed-form that the problem of Half-Duplex routing is NP-Hard.
description: A short version of this paper was submitted to ISIT 2017