cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Association of AS3MT polymorphisms and the risk of premalignant arsenic skin lesions
Creators: name: Del Razo, Luz M.
name: Hernández-Castellanos, Erika
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
name: García-Vargas, Gonzalo G.
name: Valenzuela, Olga L.
name: Borja-Aburto, Víctor H.
name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Sánchez-Peña, Luz C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Exposure to naturally occurring inorganic arsenic (iAs), primarily from contaminated drinking water, is considered one of the top environmental health threats worldwide. Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) is the key enzyme in the biotransformation pathway of iAs. AS3MT catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to trivalent arsenicals, resulting in the production of methylated (MAs) and dimethylated arsenicals (DMAs). MAs is a susceptibility factor for iAs-induced toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the association of the polymorphism in AS3MT gene with iAs metabolism and with the presence of arsenic (As) premalignant skin lesions. This is a case-control study of 71 cases with skin lesions and 51 controls without skin lesions recruited from a iAs endemic area in Mexico. We measured urinary As metabolites, differentiating the trivalent and pentavalent arsenical species, using the hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. In addition, the study subjects were genotyped to analyze three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), A-477G, T14458C (nonsynonymus SNP; Met287Thr), and T35587C, in the AS3MT gene. We compared the frequencies of the AS3MT alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in individuals with and without skin lesions. Marginal differences in the frequencies of the Met287Thr genotype were identified between individuals with and without premalignant skin lesions (p=0.055): individuals carrying the C (TC+CC) allele (Thr) were at risk [odds ratio=4.28; 95% confidence interval (1.0–18.5)]. Also, individuals with C allele of Met287Thr displayed greater percentage of MAs in urine and decrease in the percentage of DMAs. These findings indicate that Met287Thr influences the susceptibility to premalignant As skin lesions and might be at increased risk for other adverse health effects of iAs exposure.
Towards a Simplified Dynamic Wake Model using POD Analysis
Creators: name: Bastine, David
name: Witha, Björn
name: Wächter, Matthias
name: Peinke, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to large eddy simulation data of a wind turbine wake in a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. The turbine is modeled as an actuator disk. Our analyis mainly focuses on the question whether POD could be a useful tool to develop a simplified dynamic wake model. The extracted POD modes are used to obtain approximate descriptions of the velocity field. To assess the quality of these POD reconstructions, we define simple measures which are believed to be relevant for a sequential turbine in the wake such as the energy flux through a disk in the wake. It is shown that only a few modes are necessary to capture basic dynamical aspects of these measures even though only a small part of the turbulent kinetic energy is restored. Furthermore, we show that the importance of the individual modes depends on the measure chosen. Therefore, the optimal choice of modes for a possible model could in principle depend on the application of interest. We additionally present a possible interpretation of the POD modes relating them to specific properties of the wake. For example the first mode is related to the horizontal large scale movement. Besides yielding a deeper understanding, this also enables us to view our results in comparison to existing dynamic wake models.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of trichloroethylene metabolism in male B6C3F1 mice: Formation and disposition of trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine
Creators: name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Kim, David
name: Kim, Sungkyoon
name: Collins, Leonard B.
name: Pollack, Gary M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a well-known carcinogen in rodents and concerns exist regarding its potential carcinogenicity in humans. Oxidative metabolites of TCE, such as dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), are thought to be hepatotoxic and carcinogenic in mice. The reactive products of glutathione conjugation, such as S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) glutathione (DCVG), are associated with renal toxicity in rats. Recently, we developed a new analytical method for simultaneous assessment of these TCE metabolites in small-volume biological samples. Since important gaps remain in our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of TCE and its metabolites, we studied a time-course of DCA, TCA, DCVG and DCVG formation and elimination after a single oral dose of 2100 mg/kg TCE in male B6C3F1 mice. Based on systemic concentration-time data, we constructed multi-compartment models to explore the kinetic properties of the formation and disposition of TCE metabolites, as well as the source of DCA formation. We conclude that TCE-oxide is the most likely source of DCA. According to the best-fit model, bioavailability of oral TCE was ~74%, and the half-life and clearance of each metabolite in the mouse were as follows: DCA: 0.6 hr, 0.081 ml/hr; TCA: 12 hr, 3.80 ml/hr; DCVG: 1.4 hr, 16.8 ml/hr; DCVC: 1.2 hr, 176 ml/hr. In B6C3F1 mice, oxidative metabolites are formed in much greater quantities (~3600 fold difference) than glutathione-conjugative metabolites. In addition, DCA is produced to a very limited extent relative to TCA, while most of DCVG is converted into DCVC. These pharmacokinetic studies provide insight into the kinetic properties of four key biomarkers of TCE toxicity in the mouse, representing novel information that can be used in risk assessment.
Prostaglandin E2 released from activated microglia enhances astrocyte proliferation in vitro
Creators: name: Wilson, Belinda
name: Lee, Christopher
name: Langenbach, Robert
name: Hu, Xiaoming
name: Zhang, Dan
name: Flood, Patrick
name: Hong, Jau-Shyong
name: Qian, Li
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Microglial activation has been implicated in many astrogliosis-related pathological conditions including astroglioma; however, the detailed mechanism is not clear. In this study, we used primary enriched microglia and astrocytes cultures to determine the role of microglial prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the proliferation of astrocytes. The proliferation of astrocytes was measured by BrdU incorporation. The level of PGE2 was measured by ELISA method. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of COX-2 in microglia were also applied in this study. We found that proliferation of astrocytes increased following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in the presence of microglia. Furthermore, increased proliferation of astrocytes was observed in the presence of conditioned media from LPS-treated microglia. The potential involvement of microglial PGE2 in enhanced astrocyte proliferation was suggested by the findings that PGE2 production and COX-2 expression in microglia were increased by LPS treatment. In addition, activated microglia-induced increases in astrocyte proliferation were blocked by the PGE2 antagonist AH6809, COX-2 selective inhibitor DuP-697 or by genetic knockout of microglial COX-2. These findings were further supported by the finding that addition of PGE2 to the media significantly induced astrocyte proliferation. These results indicate that microglial PGE2 plays an important role in astrocyte proliferation, identifying PGE2 as a key neuroinflammatory molecule that triggers the pathological response related to uncontrollable astrocyte proliferation. These findings are important in elucidating the role of activated microglia and PGE2 in astrocyte proliferation and in suggesting a potential avenue in the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the therapy of astroglioma.
Time-course comparison of xenobiotic activators of CAR and PPARα in mouse liver
Creators: name: Gatti, Daniel M.
name: Kosyk, Oksana
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Bradford, Blair U.
name: Ross, Pamela K.
name: Cunningham, Michael L.
name: Woods, Courtney G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α are transcription factors known to be primary mediators of liver effects, including carcinogenesis, by phenobarbital-like compounds and peroxisome proliferators, respectively, in rodents. Many similarities exist in the phenotypes elicited by these two classes of agents in rodent liver, and we hypothesized that the initial transcriptional responses to the xenobiotic activators of CAR and PPARα will exhibit distinct patterns, but at later time-points these biological pathways will converge. In order to capture the global transcriptional changes that result from activation of these nuclear receptors over a time course in the mouse liver, microarray technology was used. First, differences in basal expression of liver genes between C57Bl/6J wild-type and Car-null mice were examined and 14 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified. Next, mice were treated with phenobarbital (100 mg/kg by gavage for 24 hrs, or 0.085% w/w diet for 7 or 28 days), and liver gene expression changes with regards to both time and treatment were identified. While several pathways related to cellular proliferation and metabolism were affected by phenobarbital in wild-type mice, no significant changes in gene expression were found over time in the Car-nulls. Next, we determined commonalities and differences in the temporal response to phenobarbital and WY-14,643, a prototypical activator of PPARα. Gene expression signatures from livers of wild-type mice C57Bl6/J mice treated with PB or WY-14,643 were compared. Similar pathways were affected by both compounds; however, considerable time-related differences were present. This study establishes common gene expression fingerprints of exposure to activators of CAR and PPARα in rodent liver and demonstrates that despite similar phenotypic changes, molecular pathways differ between classes of chemical carcinogens.
Evaluation of an in vitro toxicogenetic mouse model for hepatotoxicity
Creators: name: Sandot, Amelia
name: Bradford, Blair U.
name: Witek, Rafal
name: LeCluyse, Edward L.
name: Soldatow, Valerie Y.
name: Black, Chris
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Kaiser, Robert
name: Amaral, Kirsten
name: Freeman, Kimberly
name: Ferguson, Stephen S.
name: Martinez, Stephanie M.
name: Kosyk, Oksana
name: Stewart, Todd
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Numerous studies support the fact that a genetically diverse mouse population may be useful as an animal model to understand and predict toxicity in humans. We hypothesized that cultures of hepatocytes obtained from a large panel of inbred mouse strains can produce data indicative of inter-individual differences in in vivo responses to hepato-toxicants. In order to test this hypothesis and establish whether in vitro studies using cultured hepatocytes from genetically distinct mouse strains are feasible, we aimed to determine whether viable cells may be isolated from different mouse inbred strains, evaluate the reproducibility of cell yield, viability and functionality over subsequent isolations, and assess the utility of the model for toxicity screening. Hepatocytes were isolated from 15 strains of mice (A/J, B6C3F1, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, CAST/EiJ, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, BALB/cByJ, AKR/J, MRL/MpJ, NOD/LtJ, NZW/LacJ, PWD/PhJ and WSB/EiJ, males) and cultured for up to 7 days in traditional 2-dimesional culture. Cells from B6C3F1, C57BL/6J, and NOD/LtJ strains were treated with acetaminophen, WY-14,643 or rifampin and concentration-response effects on viability and function were established. Our data suggest that high yield and viability can be achieved across a panel of strains. Cell function and expression of key liver specific genes of hepatocytes isolated from different strains and cultured under standardized conditions is comparable. Strain-specific responses to toxicant exposure have been observed in cultured hepatocytes and these experiments open new opportunities for further developments of in vitro models of hepatotoxicity in a genetically diverse population.
Some Remarks On Nepomechie--Wang Eigenstates For Spin 1/2 XXX Model
Creators: name: Kirillov, Anatol N.
name: Sakamoto, Reiho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the energy eigenvalues of Nepomechie--Wang's eigenstates for the spin 1/2 isotropic Heisenberg chain.
description: 17 pages, final version, reference [AV] added, remark at the end of Section 2 (p.7), Remark 7 (p.10) and paragraph (d) at p.16 are added (contribution for the special volume in honor of Prof. Boris Feigin)
Additional file 1 of Key population-led community-based same-day antiretroviral therapy (CB-SDART) initiation hub in Bangkok, Thailand: a protocol for a hybrid type 3 implementation trial
Creators: name: Lujintanon, Sita
name: Amatavete, Sorawit
name: Thitipatarakorn, Supanat
name: Puthanakit, Thanyawee
name: Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie
name: Chaisalee, Tanachai
name: Janyam, Surang
name: Phanuphak, Nittaya
name: Ramautarsing, Reshmie A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Overview of study activity schedules.
title: Künstliche Intelligenz
Creators: name: Mayrdorfer, Julia
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit gibt Aufschluss darüber, inwiefern die Künstliche Intelligenz als Chance oder Gefahr für die Religion angesehen werden kann. Dabei wurden die Begriffe künstliche Intelligenz und Religion analysiert und in Verhältnis gestellt. Durch besonderen Fokus der aktuellen Entwicklungen von religiösen Glaubensgemeinschaften, die sich der KI zuschreiben, wurden weitere Überschneidungen in diesem Bereich untersucht und inhaltsanalytisch aufgearbeitet. Es ergaben sich positive und befruchtende Aspekte als auch bedenkliche und negative Auswirkungen für die Religion. Daraus resultierend ist die Auseinandersetzung der Religionswissenschaften mit der Thematik der künstlichen Intelligenz essenziell und unvermeidbar.
Interspecies differences in metabolism of arsenic by cultured primary hepatocytes
Creators: name: Walton, Felecia S.
name: Thomas, David J.
name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Harmon, Anne W.
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Biomethylation is the major pathway for the metabolism of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in many mammalian species, including the human. However, significant interspecies differences have been reported in the rate of in vivo metabolism of iAs and in yields of iAs metabolites found in urine. Liver is considered the primary site for the methylation of iAs and arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) is the key enzyme in this pathway. Thus, the As3mt-catalyzed methylation of iAs in the liver determines in part the rate and the pattern of iAs metabolism in various species. We examined kinetics and concentration-response patterns for iAs methylation by cultured primary hepatocytes derived from human, rat, mice, dog, rabbit, and rhesus monkey. Hepatocytes were exposed to [73As]arsenite (iAsIII; 0.3, 0.9, 3.0, 9.0 or 30 nmol As/mg protein) for 24 hours and radiolabeled metabolites were analyzed in cells and culture media. Hepatocytes from all six species methylated iAsIII to methylarsenic (MAs) and dimethylarsenic (DMAs). Notably, dog, rat and monkey hepatocytes were considerably more efficient methylators of iAsIII than mouse, rabbit or human hepatocytes. The low efficiency of mouse, rabbit and human hepatocytes to methylate iAsIII was associated with inhibition of DMAs production by moderate concentrations of iAsIII and with retention of iAs and MAs in cells. No significant correlations were found between the rate of iAs methylation and the thioredoxin reductase activity or glutathione concentration, two factors that modulate the activity of recombinant As3mt. No associations between the rates of iAs methylation and As3mt protein structures were found for the six species examined. Immunoblot analyses indicate that the superior arsenic methylation capacities of dog, rat and monkey hepatocytes examined in this study may be associated with a higher As3mt expression. However, factors other than As3mt expression may also contribute to the interspecies differences in the hepatocyte capacity to methylate iAs.
Differentiable stability and sphere theorems for manifolds and Einstein manifolds with positive scalar curvature
Creators: name: Tuschmann, Wilderich
name: Wiemeler, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Leon Green obtained remarkable rigidity results for manifolds of positive scalar curvature with large conjugate radius and/or injectivity radius. Using $C^{k,α}$ convergence techniques, we prove several differentiable stability and sphere theorem versions of these results and apply those also to the study of Einstein manifolds.
description: 13 pages; final version; accepted for publication in Comm. Anal. Geom
Tissue factor contributes to neutrophil CD11b expression in alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated mice
Creators: name: Williams, C. David
name: Luyendyk, James P.
name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Flanagan, Kevin C.
name: Cantor, Glenn H.
name: Jaeschke, Hartmut
name: Slusser, Joyce G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Cholestatic liver injury induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) is provoked by injury to intrahepatic bile ducts and the progression of hepatic necrosis requires the procoagulant protein tissue factor (TF) and extrahepatic cells including neutrophils. Recent studies have shown that myeloid cell TF contributes to neutrophil activation. We tested the hypothesis that myeloid cell TF contributes to neutrophil activation in ANIT-treated mice. TF activity in liver homogenates increased significantly in TFflox/flox mice treated with ANIT, but not in TFflox/flox/LysMCre mice (TFΔMyeloid mice), which have reduced TF expression in monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. Myeloid cell-specific TF deficiency did not alter expression of the chemokines KC or MIP-2, but reduced hepatic neutrophil accumulation in ANIT-treated mice at 48 hours as indicated by tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Myeloid cell TF deficiency significantly reduced CD11b expression by blood neutrophils in ANIT-treated mice and this was associated with reduced plasma MPO protein levels, an index of neutrophil degranulation. However, myeloid cell-specific TF deficiency had no effect on ANIT-induced coagulation cascade activation. The increase in serum ALT and ALP activities in ANIT-treated mice was reduced by myeloid cell TF deficiency (p<0.05), but the myeloid cell TF deficiency did not reduce hepatic necrosis at 48 hours, as determined by histopathology and morphometry. The results suggest that myeloid cell TF contributes to neutrophil CD11b expression during cholestasis by a coagulation-independent pathway. However, the resultant reduction in neutrophil accumulation/activation is insufficient to substantially reduce ANIT hepatotoxicity, suggesting that myeloid cell TF is only one of many factors modulating hepatic necrosis during cholestasis.
Additional file 2 of Key population-led community-based same-day antiretroviral therapy (CB-SDART) initiation hub in Bangkok, Thailand: a protocol for a hybrid type 3 implementation trial
Creators: name: Lujintanon, Sita
name: Amatavete, Sorawit
name: Thitipatarakorn, Supanat
name: Puthanakit, Thanyawee
name: Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie
name: Chaisalee, Tanachai
name: Janyam, Surang
name: Phanuphak, Nittaya
name: Ramautarsing, Reshmie A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*.
On symplectically fat twistor bundles
Creators: name: Bochenski, Maciej
name: Szczepkowska, Anna
name: Tralle, Aleksy
name: Woike, Artur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14D21, 57S15

description: This paper deals with the question when are twistor bundles over homogeneous spaces symplectically fat? It shows that twistor bundles over even dimensional Grassmannians of maximal rank have this property.
description: Corrected version. To prove the main result, we use the expression of fatness condition in terms of the isotropy representation related to the G-structure over some homogeneous spaces derived in our paper arxiv:1503.02511
Displaying Rich Metadata of Social Science Data Objects Harvested from Dataverse Repository on Ex Libris Primo Library Discovery Service
Creators: name: Morkevičius, Vaidas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Dataverse
Ex Libris Primo
Metadata
Discoverability
OpenAIRE
DataCite
Dublin Core
Generic Descriptors
Generic Repositories
Lithuanian Data Archive for Social Sciences and Humanities
Lithuanian Virtual Library

description: Presentation at the Demos session of the Dataverse Community Meeting 2023.
description: This work received funding from the EOSC Future project as part of the RDA Open Calls Programme aimed at on strengthening the work of RDA Communities in EOSC.
Additional file 3 of Key population-led community-based same-day antiretroviral therapy (CB-SDART) initiation hub in Bangkok, Thailand: a protocol for a hybrid type 3 implementation trial
Creators: name: Lujintanon, Sita
name: Amatavete, Sorawit
name: Thitipatarakorn, Supanat
name: Puthanakit, Thanyawee
name: Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie
name: Chaisalee, Tanachai
name: Janyam, Surang
name: Phanuphak, Nittaya
name: Ramautarsing, Reshmie A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. The TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) Checklist*.
Endogenous bile acid disposition in rat and human sandwich-cultured hepatocytes
Creators: name: Perry, Cassandra H.
name: Brouwer, Kim L.R.
name: St. Claire, Robert L.
name: Marion, Tracy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) are used commonly to investigate hepatic transport protein-mediated uptake and biliary excretion of substrates. However, little is known about the disposition of endogenous bile acids (BAs) in SCH. In this study, four endogenous conjugated BAs common to rats and humans [taurocholic acid (TCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA)], as well as two BA species specific to rodents (α- and β-tauromuricholic acid; α/β TMCA), were profiled in primary rat and human SCH. Using B-CLEAR® technology, BAs were measured in cells+bile canaliculi, cells, and medium of SCH by LC-MS/MS. Results indicated that, just as in vivo, taurine-conjugated BA species were predominant in rat SCH, while glycine-conjugated BAs were predominant in human SCH. Total intracellular BAs remained relatively constant over days in culture in rat SCH. Total BAs in control (CTL) cells+bile, cells, and medium were approximately 3.4, 2.9, and 8.3-fold greater in human than in rat. The estimated intracellular concentrations of the measured total BAs were 64.3 ± 5.85 μM in CTL rat and 183 ± 55.6 μM in CTL human SCH, while medium concentrations of the total BAs measured were 1.16 ± 0.210 μM in CTL rat SCH and 9.61 ± 6.36 μM in CTL human SCH. Treatment of cells for 24 h with 10 μM troglitazone (TRO), an inhibitor of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and the Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), had no significant effect on endogenous BAs measured at the end of the 24-h culture period, potentially due to compensatory mechanisms that maintain BA homeostasis. These data demonstrate that BAs in SCH are similar to in vivo, and that SCH may be a useful in vitro model to study alterations in BA disposition if species differences are taken into account.
Bicharacteristics and Fourier integral operators in Kasner spacetime
Creators: name: Battista, Emmanuele
name: Di Grezia, Elisabetta
name: Esposito, Giampiero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar wave equation in Kasner spacetime is solved, first for a particular choice of Kasner parameters, by relating the integrand in the wave packet to the Bessel functions. An alternative integral representation is also displayed, which relies upon the method of integration in the complex domain for the solution of hyperbolic equations with variable coefficients. In order to study the propagation of wave fronts, we integrate the equations of bicharacteristics which are null geodesics, and we are able to express them, for the first time in the literature, with the help of elliptic integrals for another choice of Kasner parameters. For generic values of the three Kasner parameters, the solution of the Cauchy problem is built through a pair of integral operators, where the amplitude and phase functions in the integrand solve a coupled system of partial differential equations. The first is the so-called transport equation, whereas the second is a nonlinear equation that reduces to the eikonal equation if the amplitude is a slowly varying function. Remarkably, the analysis of such a coupled system is proved to be equivalent to building first an auxiliary covariant vector having vanishing divergence, while all nonlinearities are mapped into solving a covariant generalization of the Ermakov-Pinney equation for the amplitude function. Last, from a linear set of equations for the gradient of the phase one recovers the phase itself. This is the parametrix construction that relies upon Fourier-Maslov integral operators, but with a novel perspective on the nonlinearities in the dispersion relation. Furthermore, the Adomian method for nonlinear partial differential equations is applied to generate a recursive scheme for the evaluation of the amplitude function in the parametrix.
description: 29 pages, Latex. Sections V and VI contain new original work on bicharacteristics and on the parametrix of the wave equation. The last misprints have been amended
Methylation of arsenic by recombinant human wild-type arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase and its methionine 287 threonine (M287T) polymorph: Role of glutathione
Creators: name: Saunders, R. Jesse
name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
name: Ding, Lan
name: Walton, Felecia S.
name: Xun, Pencheng
name: Thomas, David J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) is the key enzyme in the pathway for methylation of arsenicals. A common polymorphism in the AS3MT gene that replaces a threonyl residue in position 287 with a methionyl residue (AS3MT/M287T) occurs at a frequency of about 10% among populations worldwide. Here, we compared catalytic properties of recombinant human wild-type (wt) AS3MT and AS3MT/M287T in reaction mixtures containing S-adenosylmethionine, arsenite (iAsIII) or methylarsonous acid (MAsIII) as substrates and endogenous or synthetic reductants, including glutathione (GSH), a thioredoxin reductase (TR)/thioredoxin (Trx)/NADPH reducing system, or tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP). With either TR/Trx/NADPH or TCEP, wtAS3MT or AS3MT/M287T catalyzed conversion of iAsIII to MAsIII, methylarsonic acid (MAsV), dimethylarsinous acid (DMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV); MAsIII was converted to DMAsIII and DMAsV. Although neither enzyme required GSH to support methylation of iAsIII or MAsIII, addition of 1 mM GSH decreased Km and increased Vmax estimates for either substrate in reaction mixtures containing TR/Trx/NADPH. Without GSH, Vmax and Km values were significantly lower for AS3MT/M287T than for wtAS3MT. In the presence of 1 mM GSH, significantly more DMAsIII was produced from iAsIII in reactions catalyzed by the M287T variant than in wtAS3MT-catalyzed reactions. Thus, 1 mM GSH modulates AS3MT activity, increasing both methylation rates and yield of DMAsIII. AS3MT genotype exemplified by differences in regulation of wtAS3MT and AS3MT/M287T-catalyzed reactions by GSH may contribute to differences in the phenotype for arsenic methylation and, ultimately, to differences in the disease susceptibility in individuals chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic.
Plasma microRNAs are sensitive indicators of inter-strain differences in the severity of liver injury induced in mice by a choline- and folate-deficient diet
Creators: name: Montgomery, Beverly
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Beland, Frederick A.
name: Latendresse, John R.
name: Tryndyak, Volodymyr P.
name: Ross, Sharon A.
name: Pogribny, Igor P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, conserved, tissue-specific regulatory non-coding RNAs that modulate a variety of biological processes and play a fundamental role in pathogenesis of major human diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between inter-individual differences in susceptibility to NAFLD and altered miRNA expression is largely unknown. In view of this, the goals of the present study were (i) to determine whether or not individual differences in the extent of NAFLD-induced liver injury are associated with altered miRNA expression, and (ii) assess if circulating blood miRNAs may be used as potential biomarkers for the noninvasive evaluation of the severity of NAFLD. A panel of seven genetically diverse strains of inbred male mice (A/J, C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, 129S/SvImJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ) were fed a choline- and folate-deficient (CFD) diet for 12 weeks. This diet induced liver injury in all mouse strains; however, the extent of NAFLD-associated pathomorphological changes in the livers was strain-specific, with A/J, C57BL/6J, and C3H/HeJ mice being the least sensitive and WSB/EiJ mice being the most sensitive. The morphological changes in the livers were accompanied by differences in the levels of hepatic and plasma miRNAs. The levels of circulating miR-34a, miR-122, miR-181a, miR-192, and miR-200b miRNAs were significantly correlated with a severity of NAFLD-specific liver pathomorphological features, with the strongest correlation occurring with miR-34a. These observations suggest that the plasma levels of miRNAs may be used as biomarkers for noninvasive monitoring the extent of NAFLD-associated liver injury and susceptibility to NAFLD.
The epigenetic effects of a high prenatal folate intake in male mouse fetuses exposed in utero to arsenic
Creators: name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Niculescu, Mihai D.
name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
name: Waalkes, Michael P.
name: Paul, David S.
name: Zeisel, Steven H.
name: Rager, Julia E.
name: Tsang, Verne
name: Saunders, Jesse
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a complete transplacental carcinogen in mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that in utero exposure to iAs promotes cancer in adult mouse offspring, possibly acting through epigenetic mechanisms. Humans and rodents enzymatically convert iAs to its methylated metabolites. This reaction requires S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as methyl group donor. SAM is also required for DNA methylation. Supplementation with folate, a major dietary source of methyl groups for SAM synthesis, has been shown to modify iAs metabolism and the adverse effects of iAs exposure. However, effects of gestational folate supplementation on iAs metabolism and fetal DNA methylation have never been thoroughly examined. In the present study, pregnant CD1 mice were fed control (i.e. normal folate, or 2.2 mg/kg) or high folate diet (11 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18 and drank water with 0 or 85 ppm of As (as arsenite) from GD8 to 18. The exposure to iAs significantly decreased body weight of GD18 fetuses and increased both SAM and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) concentrations in fetal livers. High folate intake lowered the burden of total arsenic in maternal livers but did not prevent the effects of iAs exposure on fetal weight or hepatic SAM and SAH concentrations. In fact, combined folate-iAs exposure caused further significant body weight reduction. Notably, iAs exposure alone had little effect on DNA methylation in fetal livers. In contrast, the combined folate-iAs exposure changed the CpG island methylation in 2,931 genes, including genes known to be imprinted. Most of these genes were associated with neurodevelopment, cancer, cell cycle, and signaling networks. The canonical Wnt-signaling pathway, which regulates fetal development, was among the most affected biological pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that a combined in utero exposure to iAs and a high folate intake may adversely influence DNA methylation profiles and weight of fetuses, compromising fetal development and possibly increasing the risk for early-onset of disease in offspring.
title: Basic Concepts of Swansons Caring Theory
Creators: name: M. Farikh Zulfi Nurfadil
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Caring Theory, Nurses, Caring Implementation

description: One of the nursing theories developed by Kristen M. Swanson is the Middle Range Theory or Theory of Caring. This theory of caring is a theory about the care of a nurse in providing nursing care to clients. It can affect client satisfaction in receiving nursing services.
Delivering data from the UK Censuses 2021/22 - challenges faced: data on the LGBTQ+ population and privacy
Creators: name: Duke-Williams, Oliver
name: Routsis, Vassilis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data access, governance and ethics
Census
LGBTQ+
Data management
Data access

description: The UK Data Service (UKDS) is the flagship project in UK research infrastructure. It is a collaboration between the universities of Essex, Manchester, Southampton, UCL, Edinburgh and Jisc, and it provides a wide range of social sciences, humanities, and economic research data. Part of the data offered by UKDS is census data. The Office for National Statistics has partnered with UKDS to disseminate 2011 and 2021 census data, trusting it with securing access to safeguarded tables. The 2021 census has been unique because it took place amid the Covid-19 pandemic, which is expected to have affected the given responses. For these reasons, Scotland decided to delay its census by one year to 2022, which has made harmonising census data across the UK almost impossible. This paper will discuss the challenges and peculiarities of the 2021 census in the UK and will demonstrate how UKDS handles data management and access to census data. The paper will discuss some of the privacy measures adopted, especially in relation to population groups with relatively few people. In particular, it will present findings on gender identity and sexual orientation, which were asked in UK Censuses for the first time in 2021, and look at both observed patterns and possible interactions with disclosure control. Lastly, the UKDS is currently developing new tools to modernise its census delivery services. The presenter will take the opportunity offered by IASSIST conference to demonstrate some of these applications to the public for the first time.
Time variation of Kepler transits induced by stellar rotating spots - a way to distinguish between prograde and retrograde motion I. Theory
Creators: name: Mazeh, Tsevi
name: Holczer, Tomer
name: Shporer, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some transiting planets discovered by the Kepler mission display transit timing variations (TTVs) induced by stellar spots that rotate on the visible hemisphere of their parent stars. An induced TTV can be observed when a planet crosses a spot and modifies the shape of the transit light curve, even if the time resolution of the data does not allow to detect the crossing event itself. We present an approach that can, in some cases, use the derived TTVs of a planet to distinguish between a prograde and a retrograde planetary motion with respect to the stellar rotation. Assuming a single spot darker than the stellar disc, spot crossing by the planet can induce measured positive (negative) TTV, if the crossing occurs in the first (second) half of the transit. On the other hand, the motion of the spot towards (away from) the center of the stellar visible disc causes the stellar brightness to decrease (increase). Therefore, for a planet with prograde motion, the induced TTV is positive when the local slope of the stellar flux at the time of transit is negative, and vice versa. Thus, we can expect to observe a negative (positive) correlation between the TTVs and the photometric slopes for prograde (retrograde) motion. Using a simplistic analytical approximation, and also the publicly available SOAP-T tool to produce light curves of transits with spot-crossing events, we show for some cases how the induced TTVs depend on the local stellar photometric slopes at the transit timings. Detecting this correlation in Kepler transiting systems with high enough signal-to-noise ratio can allow us to distinguish between prograde and retrograde planetary motions. In coming papers we present analyses of the KOIs and Kepler eclipsing binaries, following the formalism developed here.
description: V2: Major revision, accepted to ApJ
Additional file 1 of A unique, newly discovered four-member protein family involved in extracellular fatty acid binding in Yarrowia lipolytica
Creators: name: Onésime, Djamila
name: Vidal, Léa
name: Thomas, Stéphane
name: Henry, Céline
name: Martin, Véronique
name: André, Gwenaëlle
name: Kubiak, Piotr
name: Minard, Philippe
name: Celinska, Ewelina
name: Nicaud, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Schematic representation of the destination vector JMP4230, a variant of JMP62 shuttle vector series, bearing the strong Erythritol-inducible promoter pHU8EYK1, tLip2 terminator, the excisable URA3ex auxotrophy selection marker, and zeta integration sites, flanking the expression cassette. Bacterial part bearing ori and kanamycin resistance marker was removed, prior to the yeast transformation, by NotI restriction enzyme digestion. Main unique restriction sites are indicated; ClaI-BamH1 for promotor exchange, BamH1-AvrII for gene cloning and I-SceI for marker exchange. Figure S2. The rank 1 to rank 5 models of UP1 structure independently predicted by AlphaFold were superimposed. Each chain is colored in blue to red from N-end to C end. The five long helices (residues 50-200 in matured protein) are consistently predicted in the same relative positions. The predicted structure of residue 1 to 50 are more variable between predictions. Table S1. List of primers used in this study.
Acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in HCV transgenic mice
Creators: name: Melnyk, Stepan B.
name: Boorman, Gary A.
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Tryndyak, Volodymyr P.
name: Pogribny, Igor P.
name: Chatterjee, Saurabh
name: Bradford, Blair U.
name: Macdonald, Jeffrey M.
name: Uehara, Takeki
name: Tech, Katherine
name: Mason, Ronald P.
name: Jeannot, Emmanuelle
name: Kosyk, Oksana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The exact etiology of clinical cases of acute liver failure is difficult to ascertain and it is likely that various co-morbidity factors play a role. For example, epidemiological evidence suggests that coexistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increased the risk of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, and was associated with an increased risk of progression to acute liver failure. However, little is known about possible mechanisms of enhanced acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in HCV-infected subjects. In this study, we tested a hypothesis that HCV-Tg mice may be more susceptible to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, and also evaluated the mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver damage in wild type and HCV-Tg mice expressing core, E1 and E2 proteins. Male mice were treated with a single dose of acetaminophen (300 or 500 mg/kg in fed animals; or 200 mg/kg in fasted animals; i.g.) and liver and serum endpoints were evaluated at 4 and 24 hrs after dosing. Our results suggest that in fed mice, liver toxicity in HCV-Tg mice is not markedly exaggerated as compared to the wild-type mice. In fasted mice, greater liver injury was observed in HCV-Tg mice. In fed mice dosed with 300 mg/kg acetaminophen, we observed that liver mitochondria in HCV-Tg mice exhibited signs of dysfunction showing the potential mechanism for increased susceptibility.
Refined blowups
Creators: name: Kaledin, D.
name: Kuznetsov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Categorical resolution of singularities has been constructed in arXiv:1212.6170. It proceeds by alternating two steps of seemingly different nature. We show how to use the formalism of filtered derived categories to combine the two steps into one. This results in a certain rather natural categorical refinement of the usual blowup of an algebraic variety in a closed subscheme.
description: LaTeX2e, 15 pages, acknowledgements updated again
A stellar-mass-dependent drop in planet occurrence rates
Creators: name: Mulders, Gijs D.
name: Pascucci, Ilaria
name: Apai, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kepler Spacecraft has discovered a large number of planets up to one-year periods and down to terrestrial sizes. While the majority of the target stars are main-sequence dwarfs of spectral type F, G, and K, Kepler covers stars with effective temperature as low as 2500 K, which corresponds to M stars. These cooler stars allow characterization of small planets near the habitable zone, yet it is not clear if this population is representative of that around FGK stars. In this paper, we calculate the occurrence of planets around stars of different spectral types as a function of planet radius and distance from the star, and show that they are significantly different from each other. We further identify two trends: First, the occurrence of Earth to Neptune-sized planets is successively higher toward later spectral types at all orbital periods probed by Kepler; Planets around M stars occur twice as frequently as around G stars, and thrice as frequently as around F stars. Second, a drop in planet occurrence is evident at all spectral types inward of a 10 day orbital period, with a plateau further out. By assigning to each spectral type a median stellar mass, we show that the distance from the star where this drop occurs is stellar mass dependent, and scales with semi-major axis as the cube root of stellar mass. By comparing different mechanisms of planet formation, trapping and destruction, we find that this scaling best matches the location of the pre-main-sequence co-rotation radius, indicating efficient trapping of migrating planets or planetary building blocks. These results demonstrate the stellar-mass dependence of the planet population, both in terms of occurrence rate and of orbital distribution. The prominent stellar-mass dependence of the inner boundary of the planet population shows that the formation or migration of planets is sensitive to the stellar parameters.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures. Published in ApJ
Local random potentials of high differentiability to model the Landscape
Creators: name: Battefeld, Thorsten
name: Modi, Chirag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generate random functions locally via a novel generalization of Dyson Brownian motion, such that the functions are in a desired differentiability class, while ensuring that the Hessian is a member of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (other ensembles might be chosen if desired). Potentials in such higher differentiability classes are required/desirable to model string theoretical landscapes, for instance to compute cosmological perturbations (e.g., smooth first and second derivatives for the power-spectrum) or to search for minima (e.g., suitable de Sitter vacua for our universe). Since potentials are created locally, numerical studies become feasible even if the dimension of field space is large (D ~ 100). In addition to the theoretical prescription, we provide some numerical examples to highlight properties of such potentials; concrete cosmological applications will be discussed in companion publications.
description: V2: added discussion section to match published version (conclusions unchanged); 25 pages, 5 figures