cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamics in quality of care: the case of readmission rates
Creators: name: Friebel, Rocco
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The robust measurement of quality in healthcare is a pre-requisite for monitoring health system performance and is key in driving health system improvements. Despite the rise in process and outcome indicators, little agreement exists amongst health experts regarding the suitability of a single metric to measure quality in healthcare across multiple dimensions, such as safety, effectiveness and efficiency. However, over the past decade, hospital emergency readmission rates have developed into a prominent marker of healthcare quality, with an enhanced policy focus on reducing readmission to improve quality. Particularly, in England following the 2010 government white paper Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS, several policies were introduced, including financial penalties for hospitals with excess readmission rates, or funding transfers to social care services to reduce future hospital readmissions. Despite this effort to reduce readmission rates, little is known in the literature about the impact of this enhanced policy focus in England and thus, in this thesis, I examine the dynamics in quality of care based on changes in readmission rates. Following a review of the literature on the methodological consideration when using readmission rates as a measure for healthcare quality, I assess trends and variation in readmission rates across NHS Trusts between 2006 and 2016. Next, I validate the readmission metric against patient-reported outcome measures in hip and knee replacement patients in chapter 4. The final two substantive chapters present an impact evaluation of two English health policies on quality of care, one national-level payment reform (i.e. financial penalties for hospitals with excess readmission rates), and one area-level health system reorganisation (i.e. centralisation of stroke care in London).
The involvement of the pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease and the potential for its targeting by deep brain stimulation
Creators: name: Sharma, Puneet Kumar
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) is a rostral brainstem structure notable for its population of cholinergic neurones, in addition to glutamatergic and GABAergic cells. In Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the PPN demonstrates degeneration, particularly of the cholinergic population. These losses are thought to underlie deficits in postural stability and gait; two symptoms which have been difficult to treat by conventional PD therapies. Deep Brain Stimulation at the PPN offers promise, but has met with inconsistent results. This may be in part due to targeting inaccuracy, from lack of a detailed anatomical description of the nucleus in humans. Furthermore, recent evidence from rodents finds rostro-caudal clustering of cells in the PPN, thought to reflect functional subterritories. The extent to which these gradients exist in humans (potentially providing new, therapeutically exploitable targets) has been an important, unanswered question. Of equal importance is the determination of PPN anatomy for stereotaxy. Here, a stereological technique was applied to human brainstem tissue (from both controls and PD cases) revealing the presence of hitherto undescribed caudal clustering of cholinergic neurones, with a bimodal (rostral more than caudal) distribution of GABAergic neurones. Glutamatergic cells were found to peak between the poles. PD cases showed a disproportionate loss of cholinergic neurones compared with the other two cell types. The functional impact of cholinergic neuronal loss was studied by behavioural assessment in a lactacystin-lesioned rodent model of PD. Selective chemogenetic stimulation of surviving PPN cholinergic neurones demonstrated significant motor recovery, especially in postural stability and gait. Chemogenetic modulation of the cholinergic PPN was then combined - in a novel approach - with 11C-PHNO bioavailability and Positron Emission Tomography, in the same lactacystin rodent model. This revealed striatal dopamine release follows cholinergic stimulation at the PPN, and implicates the pedunculopontine-nigrostriatal pathway in motor recovery after PPN stimulation.
(1225) William Clayton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Foreign Investment, Corporate Ownership, and Development: Are Firms in Emerging Markets Catching Up to the World Standard?
Creators: name: Peter, Klara Sabirianova
name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Terrel, Katherine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Economic development implies that the efficiency of firms in developing countries is approaching that of firms in advanced economies. We examine the extent of this convergence in the Czech Republic and Russia, economies that represent alternative models of implementing development policies, often referred to as the Washington Consensus, that have promoted privatization, competition and foreign investment. We also test hypotheses positing that only firms near the efficiency frontier benefit from these policies and catch up. Using 1992-2000 panel data on virtually all industrial firms in each country, we find that privatization to domestic owners did not markedly improve the efficiency of firms; domestic firms are not catching up to the (world) efficiency standard given by foreign-owned firms; and the distance of the Russian firms to the efficiency frontier is much larger than that of the Czech firms and continued to grow for most firms beyond 1997 while remaining constant in the Czech Republic. Domestic firms closer to the frontier are not more likely to catch up than firms further from the frontier although foreign firms do exhibit this behavior. Foreign-owned firms are increasingly displacing domestic firms in the top deciles of the overall distribution of efficiency, due in part to slower “learning” by domestic firms, higher efficiency of foreign startups, and foreigners’ acquisitions of more efficient domestic firms. The Washington Consensus policies have not enabled domestic firms in either country to start catching up to the world standard.
T-count and T-depth of any multi-qubit unitary
Creators: name: Gheorghiu, Vlad
name: Mosca, Michele
name: Mukhopadhyay, Priyanka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While implementing a quantum algorithm it is crucial to reduce the quantum resources, in order to obtain the desired computational advantage. For most fault-tolerant quantum error-correcting codes the cost of implementing the non-Clifford gate is the highest among all the gates in a universal fault-tolerant gate set. In this paper we design provable algorithm to determine T-count of any $n$-qubit ($n\geq 1$) unitary $W$ of size $2^n\times 2^n$, over the Clifford+T gate set. The space and time complexity of our algorithm are $O\left(2^{2n}\right)$ and $O\left(2^{2n\mathcal{T}_ε(W)+4n}\right)$ respectively. $\mathcal{T}_ε(W)$ ($ε$-T-count) is the (minimum possible) T-count of an exactly implementable unitary $U$ i.e. $\mathcal{T}(U)$, such that $d(U,W)\leqε$ and $\mathcal{T}(U)\leq\mathcal{T}(U')$ where $U'$ is any exactly implementable unitary with $d(U',W)\leqε$. $d(.,.)$ is the global phase invariant distance. Our algorithm can also be used to determine the (minimum possible) T-depth of any multi-qubit unitary and the complexity has exponential dependence on $n$ and $ε$-T-depth. This is the first algorithm that gives T-count or T-depth of any multi-qubit ($n\geq 1$) unitary. For small enough $ε$, we can synthesize the T-count and T-depth-optimal circuits. Our results can be used to determine the minimum count (or depth) of non-Clifford gates required to implement any multi-qubit unitary with a universal gate set consisting of Clifford and non-Clifford gates like Clifford+CS, Clifford+V, etc. To the best of our knowledge, there were no such optimal-synthesis algorithm for arbitrary multi-qubit unitaries in any universal gate set.
description: Accepted for publication in Nature Partner Journal Quantum Information. Not structured according to the journal policies. Compared to v3 : A note about implementation of 2-qubit QFT in Table 3
(1226) Frances Ann Wikeley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic Supplementary Material, S1-S6 from Local habitat, not phylogenetic relatedness, predicts gut microbiota better within folivorous than frugivorous lemur lineages
Creators: name: Greene, Lydia K.
name: Clayton, Jonathan B.
name: Rothman, Ryan S.
name: Semel, Brandon P.
name: Semel, Meredith A.
name: Gillespie, Thomas R.
name: Wright, Patricia C.
name: Drea, Christine M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Both host phylogenetic placement and feeding strategy influence the structure of the gut microbiome (GMB); however, parsing their relative contributions presents a challenge. To meet this challenge, we compared GMB structure in two genera of lemurs characterized by different dietary specializations, the frugivorous brown lemurs (Eulemur spp.) and the folivorous sifakas (Propithecus spp.). These genera sympatrically occupy similar habitats (dry forests and rainforests) and diverged over similar evolutionary timescales. We collected fresh faeces from 12 species (six per host genus), at seven sites across Madagascar, and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene to determine GMB membership, diversity and variability. The lemurs' GMBs clustered predominantly by host genus; nevertheless, within genera, host relatedness did not predict GMB distance between species. The GMBs of brown lemurs had greater evenness and diversity, but were more homogeneous across species, whereas the GMBs of sifakas were differentiated between habitats. Thus, over relatively shallow timescales, environmental factors can override the influence of host phylogenetic placement on GMB phylogenetic composition. Moreover, feeding strategy can underlie the relative strength of host–microbiome coadaptation, with Madagascar's folivores perhaps requiring locally adapted GMBs to facilitate their highly specialized diets.
High-resolution pulsed field ionization photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation
Creators: name: Baer, Tomas
name: Jarvis, G. K.
name: Ng, C. Y.
name: Weitzel, Karl Michael
name: Song, Y.
name: Malow, Marcus
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: No abstract prepared.
Relating land use and human intra-city mobility
Creators: name: Lee, Minjin
name: Holme, Petter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding human mobility patterns -- how people move in their everyday lives -- is an interdisciplinary research field. It is a question with roots back to the 19th century that has been dramatically revitalized with the recent increase in data availability. Models of human mobility often take the population distribution as a starting point. Another, sometimes more accurate, data source is land-use maps. In this paper, we discuss how the intra-city movement patterns, and consequently population distribution, can be predicted from such data sources. As a link between land use and mobility, we show that the purposes of people's trips are strongly correlated with the land use of the trip's origin and destination. We calibrate, validate and discuss our model using survey data.
description: v3 resubmitted version
The diagonal of the operahedra
Creators: name: Laplante-Anfossi, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B11 (Primary) 18M70 (Secondary)

description: The primary goal of this article is to set up a general theory of coherent cellular approximations of the diagonal for families of polytopes by developing the method introduced by N. Masuda, A. Tonks, H. Thomas and B. Vallette. We apply this theory to the study of the operahedra, a family of polytopes ranging from the associahedra to the permutahedra, and which encodes homotopy operads. After defining Loday realizations of the operahedra, we make a coherent choice of cellular approximations of the diagonal, which leads to a compatible topological cellular operad structure on them. This gives a model for topological and algebraic homotopy operads and an explicit functorial formula for their tensor product.
description: 47 pages, 14 figures, complete revision with respect to the use of the normal fan of a polytope, results unchanged, added proposition 3.17 on weak Bruhat order, added references, corrected typos, enlarged font to ease reading, to appear in Advances in Mathematics
Fair-Net: A Network Architecture For Reducing Performance Disparity Between Identifiable Sub-Populations
Creators: name: Datta, Arghya
name: Swamidass, S. Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In real world datasets, particular groups are under-represented, much rarer than others, and machine learning classifiers will often preform worse on under-represented populations. This problem is aggravated across many domains where datasets are class imbalanced, with a minority class far rarer than the majority class. Naive approaches to handle under-representation and class imbalance include training sub-population specific classifiers that handle class imbalance or training a global classifier that overlooks sub-population disparities and aims to achieve high overall accuracy by handling class imbalance. In this study, we find that these approaches are vulnerable in class imbalanced datasets with minority sub-populations. We introduced Fair-Net, a branched multitask neural network architecture that improves both classification accuracy and probability calibration across identifiable sub-populations in class imbalanced datasets. Fair-Nets is a straightforward extension to the output layer and error function of a network, so can be incorporated in far more complex architectures. Empirical studies with three real world benchmark datasets demonstrate that Fair-Net improves classification and calibration performance, substantially reducing performance disparity between gender and racial sub-populations.
Code and some plots produced as part of Thesis #2 of ICL's MRes Cancer Informatics programme
Creators: name: Parker, Simon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: proteomics
tandem mass tag
quantitative proteomics

description: This repo contains code with which all data parsing, collection and processing was performed. It should be self-contained, as all R objects were saved in /data/session_objs as .rds or .Rdata files. Plots can be produced if you like, but these directories are unpopulated to save space. Due to an issue with Git (i.e. accidental rollback of the late-stage code used to generate the COREAD heatmaps), the version of process_COREAD.R provided here does not have the full set of code for the visualisation. It does, however, have links to publications detailing the methods used to normalise data with IRS and CONSTANd, and an layout which represents how these plots were made.
title: Mehr als nur „Dreck“! Über die Entwicklung eines Lernsettings zum Themenkomplex Boden und Klimawandel für den Einsatz in der Grundschule auf Grundlage des Design-Based-Research-Ansatzes.
Creators: name: Kunert, Mario
Publisher: name: Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie
subject: 333.7 Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit Mehr als nur „Dreck“! Über die Entwicklung eines Lernsettings zum Themenkomplex Boden und Klimawandel für den Einsatz in der Grundschule auf Grundlage des Design-Based-Research-Ansatzes entstand im Sommersemester 2022 an der Pädagogischen Hochschule Heidelberg im Rahmen des Masterstudienganges Bildung im Primarbereich (Bezug Lehramt Grundschule) im Fach Sozialwissenschaftlicher Sachunterricht mit Schwerpunkt in Geographie. Boden ist eine der wichtigsten Lebensgrundlagen des Menschen. Durch den Klimawandel ist Boden allerdings immer häufiger bedroht. Aber nur ein Bruchteil der Bevölkerung ist sich dessen bewusst. Nur wenige machen sich über Boden Gedanken. Viele wissen noch nicht einmal von der Existenz der Ressource Boden. Eine allgemeine Bodenbildung gibt es kaum. Das gilt gleichermaßen für Erwachsene wie für Kinder. Doch gerade in der Grundschule sucht man die Thematik weitestgehend vergeblich. Vor allem das Gefährdungspotenzial des Bodens durch den Klimawandel bleibt gänzlich außen vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, ein Lernsetting für die Grundschule zu entwickeln, das den Themenkomplex Boden und Klimawandel zum Inhalt hat. Dazu wird folgende Forschungsfrage formuliert: Wie muss ein Lernsetting gestaltet werden, damit der Themenkomplex Boden und Klimawandel für Kinder zugänglich wird und sie aus ihrer Erkenntnisgewinnung Konsequenzen für ihr Alltagshandeln ableiten können? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurde eine Studie nach dem Verfahren des Design-Based- Research durchgeführt. In zwei Design-Zyklen wurden Prototypen des Lernsettings erstellt und mithilfe qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden evaluiert und optimiert. Am Ende des Prozesses stand ein Endprodukt mit dazugehörigen Leitlinien für die Durchführung des Lernsettings im Unterricht. Die innerhalb dieser Forschungsarbeit gewonnen Erkenntnisse zeigen, wie ein lernwirksames Lernsetting zum Themenkomplex Boden und Klimawandel aussehen kann und dass es möglich ist, ein solches in wenigen Schritten zu entwickeln. Dem Einzug dieser wichtigen Thematik in den Unterricht der Grundschule steht folglich nichts im Wege und sollte weiter forciert werden.
Optimization of Switch Keyboards
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Fang, Kan
name: Francis, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Patients with motor control difficulties often "type" on a computer using a switch keyboard to guide a scanning cursor to text elements. We show how to optimize some parts of the design of switch keyboards by casting the design problem as mixed integer programming. A new algorithm to find an optimized design solution is approximately 3600 times faster than a previous algorithm, which was also susceptible to finding a non-optimal solution. The optimization requires a model of the probability of an entry error, and we show how to build such a model from experimental data. Example optimized keyboards are demonstrated.
description: In Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility 2013
(1223) Mary Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Schubert calculus and Intersection theory of Flag manifolds
Creators: name: Duan, Haibao
name: Zhao, Xuezhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 57T15, 01A65

description: Hilbert's 15th problem called for a rigorous foundation of Schubert's calculus, in which a long standing and challenging part is Schubert's problem of characteristics. In the course of securing the foundation of algebraic geometry, Van der Waerden and André Weil attributed the problem to the determination of the intersection theory of flag manifolds. This article surveys the background, content, and resolution of the problem of characteristics. Our main results are a unified formula for the characteristics, and a system description for the intersection rings of flag manifolds. We illustrate the effectiveness of the formula and the algorithm via explicit examples.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure
Supplementary Information / Tables / Figures from Tool use and social homophily among male bottlenose dolphins.
Creators: name: M. R. Bizzozzero
name: S. J. Allen
name: L. Gerber
name: S. Wild
name: S. L. King
name: R. C. Connor
name: W. R. Friedman
name: S. Wittwer
name: M. Krützen
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Content: 1. Data Restrictions / 2. Ethogramm / 3. Activity Budget / 4. Social Network Structure / 5. MRQAP-DSP including all males / 6. Definition of alliances / 7. Laboratory procedures and genetic data analysis
Simultaneous atomic force microscopy measurement of topography and contact resistance of metal films and carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Stadermann, M.
name: Grube, H.
name: Washburn, S.
name: Papadakis, S. J.
name: Boland, J. J.
name: Superfine, R.
name: Falvo, M. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: We present a quartz tuning-fork-based atomic force microscopy(AFM) setup that is capable of mapping the surfacecontact resistance while scanning topography. The tuning-fork setup allows us to use etched Pt/Ir tips, which have higher durability and better conductivity than probes used in earlier AFM conductance measurements. The performance of the method is demonstrated with contact resistance measurements of gold lines on silicon dioxide and carbon nanotubes on graphite.
(1224) Edward Hartland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Bugs in Quantum Computing Platforms: An Empirical Study
Creators: name: Paltenghi, Matteo
name: Pradel, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3

description: The interest in quantum computing is growing, and with it, the importance of software platforms to develop quantum programs. Ensuring the correctness of such platforms is important, and it requires a thorough understanding of the bugs they typically suffer from. To address this need, this paper presents the first in-depth study of bugs in quantum computing platforms. We gather and inspect a set of 223 real-world bugs from 18 open-source quantum computing platforms. Our study shows that a significant fraction of these bugs (39.9%) are quantum-specific, calling for dedicated approaches to prevent and find them. The bugs are spread across various components, but quantum-specific bugs occur particularly often in components that represent, compile, and optimize quantum programming abstractions. Many quantum-specific bugs manifest through unexpected outputs, rather than more obvious signs of misbehavior, such as crashes. Finally, we present a hierarchy of recurrent bug patterns, including ten novel, quantum-specific patterns. Our findings not only show the importance and prevalence bugs in quantum computing platforms, but they help developers to avoid common mistakes and tool builders to tackle the challenge of preventing, finding, and fixing these bugs.
description: Accepted as full paper in the technical track of OOPSLA 2022
Techniques for combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy
Creators: name: He, Liang
name: Tsui, Frank
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Basic considerations for implementing combinatorial approach to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are discussed, focusing on the key issues relevant to conventional MBE synthesis using solid sources and characterization. The primary objective for implementing combinatorial approach is to make MBE do more, more able to carry out controlled and systematic work in large parameter space, without sacrificing any existing capabilities of conventional MBE. Methods for accomplishing this by integrating current instrumentation technology are described.
(1221) Seth Fieldhouse Walker
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the Axiomatizability of Impossible Futures
Creators: name: Chen, Taolue
name: Fokkink, Wan
name: van Glabbeek, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A general method is established to derive a ground-complete axiomatization for a weak semantics from such an axiomatization for its concrete counterpart, in the context of the process algebra BCCS. This transformation moreover preserves omega-completeness. It is applicable to semantics at least as coarse as impossible futures semantics. As an application, ground- and omega-complete axiomatizations are derived for weak failures, completed trace and trace semantics. We then present a finite, sound, ground-complete axiomatization for the concrete impossible futures preorder, which implies a finite, sound, ground-complete axiomatization for the weak impossible futures preorder. In contrast, we prove that no finite, sound axiomatization for BCCS modulo concrete and weak impossible futures equivalence is ground-complete. If the alphabet of actions is infinite, then the aforementioned ground-complete axiomatizations are shown to be omega-complete. If the alphabet is finite, we prove that the inequational theories of BCCS modulo the concrete and weak impossible futures preorder lack such a finite basis.
Pressure-induced semimetal to superconductor transition in a three-dimensional topological material ZrTe5
Creators: name: Zhou, Yonghui
name: Wu, Juefei
name: Ning, Wei
name: Li, Nana
name: Du, Yongping
name: Chen, Xuliang
name: Zhang, Ranran
name: Chi, Zhenhua
name: Wang, Xuefei
name: Zhu, Xiangde
name: Lu, Pengchao
name: Ji, Cheng
name: Wan, Xiangang
name: Yang, Zhaorong
name: Sun, Jian
name: Yang, Wenge
name: Tian, Mingliang
name: Zhang, Yuheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a new type of topological materials, ZrTe5 shows many exotic properties under extreme conditions. Utilizing resistance and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements under high pressure, while the resistance anomaly near 128 K is completely suppressed at 6.2 GPa, a fully superconducting transition emerges surprisingly. The superconducting transition temperature Tc increases with applied pressure, and reaches a maximum of 4.0 K at 14.6 GPa, followed by a slight drop but remaining almost constant value up to 68.5 GPa. At pressures above 21.2 GPa, a second superconducting phase with the maximum Tc of about 6.0 K appears and coexists with the original one to the maximum pressure studied in this work. In situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations indicate the observed two-stage superconducting behavior is correlated to the structural phase transition from ambient Cmcm phase to high-pressure C2/m phase around 6 GPa, and to a mixture of two high-pressure phases of C2/m and P-1 above 20 GPa. The combination of structure, transport measurement and theoretical calculations enable a complete understanding of the emerging exotic properties in three-dimensional topological materials happened under extreme environments.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy with velocity focusing electron optics
Creators: name: Gengeliczki, Zsolt
name: Baer, Tomas
name: Johnson, Melanie
name: Bodi, Andras
name: Sztáray, Bálint
name: Gerber, Thomas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: An imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectrometer at the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline of the Swiss Light Source is presented and a few initial measurements are reported. Monochromatic synchrotron VUV radiation ionizes the cooled or thermal gas-phase sample. Photoelectrons are velocity focused, with better than 1 meV resolution for threshold electrons, and also act as start signal for the ion time-of-flight analysis. The ions are accelerated in a relatively low, 40 – 80 V cm − 1 field, which enables the direct measurement of rate constants in the 10 3 – 10 7 s − 1 range. All electron and ion events are recorded in a triggerless multiple-start/multiple-stop setup, which makes it possible to carry out coincidence experiments at > 100 kHz event frequencies. As examples, the threshold photoelectron spectrum of the argon dimer and the breakdown diagrams for hydrogen atom loss in room temperature methane and the chlorine atom loss in cold chlorobenzene are shown and discussed.
Interactions in Active Colloids
Creators: name: Liebchen, Benno
name: Mukhopadhyay, Aritra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past two decades have seen a remarkable progress in the development of synthetic colloidal agents which are capable of creating directed motion in an unbiased environment at the microscale. These self-propelling particles are often praised for their enormous potential to self-organize into dynamic nonequilibrium structures such as living clusters, synchronized super-rotor structures or self-propelling molecules featuring a complexity which is rarely found outside of the living world. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the formation and dynamics of many of these structures are still barely understood, which is likely to hinge on the gaps in our understanding of how active colloids interact. In particular, besides showing comparatively short-ranged interactions which are well known from passive colloids (Van der Waals, electrostatic etc.), active colloids show novel hydrodynamic interactions as well as phoretic and substrate-mediated "osmotic" cross-interactions which hinge on the action of the phoretic field gradients which are induced by the colloids on other colloids in the system. The present article discusses the complexity and the intriguing properties of these interactions which in general are long-ranged, non-instantaneous, non-pairwise and non-reciprocal and which may serve as key ingredients for the design of future nonequilibrium colloidal materials. Besides providing a brief overview on the state of the art of our understanding of these interactions a key aim of this review is to emphasize open key questions and corresponding open challenges.
Genotyping Accuracy for Whole-Genome Amplification of DNA from Buccal Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Leviel, Keren
name: Olarte, Megan
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: We compared the accuracy of genotyping for DNA extracted from lymphocytes to that of DNA amplified from buccal epithelial cells. Amplification was via a rolling circle/phi29 DNA polymerase commercial kit. Paired buccal and lymphocyte DNA samples were available from 30 individuals. All samples were genotyped for 12 SNPs, 5 microsatellites and 2 VNTRs. The accuracy of genotyping (no-call proportions, reproducibility, and concordance) was similar for DNA from lymphocytes in comparison to amplified DNA from buccal samples. If used with caution, these data suggest that rolling-circle whole-genome amplification can be used to increase the DNA mass available for large-scale genotyping projects based on DNA from buccal cells.
title: Cloth culture in Early Egypt: Textile techniques, production and uses from the Neolithic to Early Dynastic period
Creators: name: Dickey, Alistair
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2024

description: This research diachronically explores two main themes pertaining to Neolithic, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egyptian woven cloth: thread technology and weave quality. The aim was to explore the development of, and similarities and/or differences expressed through both features in woven cloth that comes from both mortuary and domestic, and elite and non-elite settings. This assessment would also lay the foundation for comparison with woven cloth from later Egyptian and contemporaneous regions. The first theme principally explored was a study of thread production and the technique of splicing. The aim was to present the first systematic study of spliced thread technology in early Egyptian woven cloth, accessing samples from across several sites, including the recently excavated elite and non-elite cemeteries at Hierakonpolis. An examination of weave quality was undertaken from a quantitative standpoint by using both thread density and thread diameter data to assess the quality of woven cloth. The results from this study have shown that early Egyptian thread technology across all the sites studied used the technique of splicing for thread production, with two forms being recognized: continuous and end-to-end. Evidence also re-confirms that there was a change approximately in the late Naqada I / early Naqada II from using predominantly continuous splicing to using end-to-end splicing. The data also shows a change in twist direction of the single-element of the plied threads but the relationship between splicing technique and twist change is nuanced. This identification of spliced thread technology presents the opportunity for re-consideration of the processes involved in the ancient textile chaîne opératoire. The primary indicators of weave quality show that thread density increased from the Neolithic to the Early Dynastic, while the average diameter dropped from the Neolithic to Predynastic but less so from the Predynastic to Early Dynastic. Indeed, statistical analyses shows a strong correlation between thread density and thread diameter, meaning the higher the thread count the finer the thread diameter. By the 1st Dynasty the evidence from the elite mastaba tombs at Tarkhan show how adept the production of woven cloth had become, with high thread densities and fine diameters.
Superradiant droplet emission from parametrically excited cavities
Creators: name: Frumkin, Valeri
name: Papatryfonos, Konstantinos
name: Bush, John W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superradiance occurs when a collection of atoms exhibits cooperative, spontaneous emission of photons at a rate that exceeds that of its component parts. Here, we reveal a similar phenomenon in a hydrodynamic system consisting of a pair of vibrationally-excited cavities, coupled through their common wavefield, that spontaneously emit droplets via interfacial fracture. We show that the droplet emission rate of two coupled cavities is higher than the emission rate of two isolated cavities. We further show that the amplified emission rate varies sinusoidally with distance between the cavities, thus demonstrating a hydrodynamic phenomenon that captures the essential features of superradiance in optical systems.
Half-liberated manifolds, and their quantum isometries
Creators: name: Banica, Teodor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss the half-liberation operation $X\to X^*$, for the algebraic submanifolds of the unit sphere, $X\subset S^{N-1}_\mathbb C$. There are several ways of constructing this correspondence, and we take them into account. Our main results concern the computation of the affine quantum isometry group $G^+(X^*)$, for the sphere itself.
description: 32 pages
MECHATRONICS UNVEILED: A THOROUGH INVESTIGATION INTO ELECTRONIC CHIP DEVELOPMENTS
Creators: name: Meiying, Wang
Publisher: name: AMERICAN SERIAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Mechatronics
Automation
Manufacturing
Interdisciplinary Technology
Productivity Evolution

description: Mechatronics, the integration of robotics, electronics, and computers, stands as a transformative approach to enhancing operational efficiency and intelligence across various industries. This interdisciplinary field is instrumental in optimizing processes and ensuring the seamless functioning of products, ranging from electronic chips to automotive anti-lock systems and computer hard drives. The fusion of mechanical and electronic components, characteristic of mechatronics, epitomizes the synergy required for modern technological advancements. This paper delves into the pivotal role played by mechatronics in propelling the growth of automation and manufacturing.

Historically, traditional industrial manufacturing relied on conventional machinery, leading to inefficiencies and subpar product quality that struggled to meet escalating demands. Recognizing the imperative for change, mechatronics emerged as a revolutionary technology capable of addressing these challenges. Through the amalgamation of mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science, mechatronics has ushered in an era of enhanced manufacturing characterized by heightened efficiency, improved product quality, and increased product diversity.

The impact of mechatronics extends beyond the confines of a singular industry, positioning itself as an indispensable element for contemporary production and manufacturing processes. This paper navigates through the evolution of mechatronics, emphasizing its role as a catalyst for the ongoing development of social productivity. The symbiosis of mechanical and electronic systems within mechatronics has not only met the demands of modern production but has also become an integral and virtually indispensable component thereof.

As we explore the multifaceted applications of mechatronics, it becomes evident that it is not merely a technological advancement but a necessary response to the evolving landscape of social productivity. The inherent capacity of mechatronics to unify diverse technological realms underscores its role as a driving force behind the evolution of automated systems and manufacturing practices.
(1222) Walter Sunderland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
3D TEXNOLOGIYALARNI TALIMDAGI O'RNI
Creators: name: Artikova, M.A.
name: Bahromov, A.A.
name: Jo'raboyev, F.A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: 3D texnologiyasi o‘quvchilarning mavzularni o‘rganishga ko‘proq jalb etilishiga va ko‘proq ma’lumotni saqlab qolishiga yordam beradi. Murakkab tushunchalarni o‘quvchilar tasavvur qila olsa, tushunish osonroq bo‘ladi.
Inferring halo masses with Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo
name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
name: Genel, Shy
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Spergel, David N.
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Dave, Romeel
name: Narayanan, Desika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the halo-galaxy connection is fundamental in order to improve our knowledge on the nature and properties of dark matter. In this work we build a model that infers the mass of a halo given the positions, velocities, stellar masses, and radii of the galaxies it hosts. In order to capture information from correlations among galaxy properties and their phase-space, we use Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), that are designed to work with irregular and sparse data. We train our models on galaxies from more than 2,000 state-of-the-art simulations from the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations (CAMELS) project. Our model, that accounts for cosmological and astrophysical uncertainties, is able to constrain the masses of the halos with a $\sim$0.2 dex accuracy. Furthermore, a GNN trained on a suite of simulations is able to preserve part of its accuracy when tested on simulations run with a different code that utilizes a distinct subgrid physics model, showing the robustness of our method. The PyTorch Geometric implementation of the GNN is publicly available on Github at https://github.com/PabloVD/HaloGraphNet
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, code publicly available at https://github.com/PabloVD/HaloGraphNet
(1219) Thomas Hartland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the total cosmological information in galaxy clustering: an analytical approach
Creators: name: Wolk, M.
name: Carron, J.
name: Szapudi, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beyond the linear regime of structure formation, part of cosmological information encoded in galaxy clustering becomes inaccessible to the usual power spectrum. "Sufficient statistics", A*, were introduced recently to recapture the lost, and ultimately extract all, cosmological information. We present analytical approximations for the A* and traditional power spectra as well as for their covariance matrices in order to calculate analytically their cosmological information content in the context of Fisher information theory. Our approach allows the precise quantitative comparison of the techniques with each other and to the total information in the data, and provides insights into sufficient statistics. In particular, we find that while the A* power spectrum has a similar shape to the usual galaxy power spectrum, its amplitude is strongly modulated by small scale statistics. This effect is mostly responsible for the ability of the A* power spectrum to recapture the information lost for the usual power spectrum. We use our framework to forecast the best achievable cosmological constraints for projected surveys as a function of their galaxy density, and compare the information content of the two power spectra. We find that sufficient statistics extract all cosmological information, resulting in an approximately factor of ~2 gain for dense projected surveys at low redshift. This increase in the effective volume of projected surveys is consistent with previous numerical calculations.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 1 table