cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Graph External Attention Enhanced Transformer
Creators: name: Liang, Jianqing
name: Chen, Min
name: Liang, Jiye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Transformer architecture has recently gained considerable attention in the field of graph representation learning, as it naturally overcomes several limitations of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with customized attention mechanisms or positional and structural encodings. Despite making some progress, existing works tend to overlook external information of graphs, specifically the correlation between graphs. Intuitively, graphs with similar structures should have similar representations. Therefore, we propose Graph External Attention (GEA) -- a novel attention mechanism that leverages multiple external node/edge key-value units to capture inter-graph correlations implicitly. On this basis, we design an effective architecture called Graph External Attention Enhanced Transformer (GEAET), which integrates local structure and global interaction information for more comprehensive graph representations. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that GEAET achieves state-of-the-art empirical performance. The source code is available for reproducibility at: https://github.com/icm1018/GEAET.
description: In Proceedings of ICML 2024
Does social cognitive capacity predict degree of social frailty in older adulthood?
Creators: name: Mead, Jessica
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: ageing
subject: social cognition
subject: social frailty

description: Social frailty is broadly defined as a state of vulnerability associated with losing, or being at a threat of losing, one’s capacity to fulfill basic social needs (Bunt et al., 2017). Social needs include a sense of belonging, behavioural confirmation and the experience of warm and trustful relationships. The present study aims to consider whether social frailty in older adults is related to losses in social cognitive function. Social cognition is defined as the ability to interpret and predict other’s behaviours in terms of their beliefs and intentions and to be able to appropriately interact with others in complex social situations and environments (Keightley et al., 2006, Henry et al., 2016). Social cognitive ability is also known to decline as a function of age, and poorer social cognitive ability in older adults has been linked to smaller and more homogenous social networks (Krendl et al., 2021). Surprisingly, however, no study to date has directly tested whether poorer social cognition is associated with increased social frailty.
Serum levels of YKL-40 are increased in patients with psoriasis: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kong, Yi
name: Zhang, Suhan
name: Su, Xin
name: Peng, Daoquan
name: Su, Yuwen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: YKL-40, also named chitinase-3-like protein 1, has been confirmed as an inflammatory glycoprotein associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes or metabolic syndrome which are common comorbidities in psoriasis. Growing evidence has demonstrated that serum levels of YKL-40 in psoriatic patients were increased, however the results were appearance contradictory among the current published studies. Methods: Research involved in serum levels of YKL-40 in psoriatic patients and healthy control individuals was searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library databases (up to 31 December 2018). Weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by random-effect model analysis. Heterogeneity test was performed by the Q-statistic and quantified using I2, and publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test. Additionally, the subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: In total, 340 articles were obtained. Among these, 11 studies with 528 psoriatic patients and 460 control individuals were included. Our meta-analysis revealed that psoriatic patients had a higher serum YKL-40 levels compared to the control group, with the WMD of 53.6 ng/ml (95% CI: 31.3 to 75.9, P< 0.001). Furthermore, results of meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis revealed that the disease duration and the value of psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) were related to the observed YKL-40 differences between two groups. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicates that psoriatic patients have higher serum YKL-40 levels when compared to healthy control individuals, and the levels are significantly affected by the disease duration and PASI.
2D Kinematics and Physical Properties of z~3 Star-Forming Galaxies
Creators: name: Lemoine-Busserolle, M.
name: Bunker, A.
name: Lamareille, F.
name: Kissler-Patig, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a study of the kinematic structure of star-forming galaxies at redshift z~3 selected in the VVDS, using integral-field spectroscopy of rest-frame optical nebular emission lines, in combination with rest-frame UV spectroscopy, ground-based optical/near-IR and Spitzer photometry. We also constrain the underlying stellar populations to address the evolutionary status of these galaxies. We infer the kinematic properties of four galaxies: VVDS-20298666, VVDS-020297772, VVDS-20463884 and VVDS-20335183 with redshifts z = 3.2917, 3.2878, 3.2776, and 3.7062, respectively. While VVDS-20463884 presents an irregular velocity field with a peak in the local velocity dispersion of the galaxy shifted from the centre of the galaxy, VVDS-20298666 has a well-resolved gradient in velocity over a distance of ~4.5 kpc with a peak-to-peak amplitude of v = 91 km/s . We discovered that the nearby galaxy, VVDS-020297772 (which shows traces of AGN activity), is in fact a companion at a similar redshift with a projected separated of 12 kpc. In contrast, the velocity field of VVDS-020335183 seems more consistent with a merger on a rotating disk. However, all of the objects have a high local velocity dispersion (sigma ~ 60-70 km/s), which gives v/sigma < 1. It is unlikely that these galaxies are dynamically cold rotating disk of ionized gas.
description: 14 pages and 16 figures
Terms and Measures of Cognitive Health Associated With Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Quinn, Kelly
name: Miyawaki, Christina E
name: Croff, Raina
name: Vogel, Mia T
name: Belza, Basia
name: Souza, Anita M
name: Liu, Minhui
name: Edwards, Valerie J
name: Friedman, Daniela B
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The Healthy Brain Initiative: National Public Health Road Map to Maintaining Cognitive Health (2007) called on the research community to disseminate its work on cognitive aging and cognitive health. The purpose of this scoping review was to (1) identify terminology that cognitive, social, and behavioral scientists use to describe cognitive aging and cognitive health, in association with dementia and Alzheimer's disease, among older adults; (2) demonstrate how such terms are defined; and (3) illustrate how these constructs are measured in research settings. Empirical studies published 2007-2018 were examined for terminology, definitions, disciplinary orientation, and measurement mechanisms. Analysis of the corpus and a detailed review of the terms "cognitive impairment" and "mild cognitive impairment" reveal that formal definitions are provided infrequently and measurement of constructs ranges widely. Overall, the variability in terminology, definitions, and measures reflects a need for greater specificity in research communication, such that cross-disciplinary collaboration can be facilitated.
Ground state properties of the Holstein model near the adiabatic limit
Creators: name: Li, Zhou
name: Baillie, D.
name: Blois, C.
name: Marsiglio, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We adapt a variational procedure to calculate ground state properties of the Holstein model in the adiabatic limit. At strong coupling, this adaption leads to rapid convergence of results. The intermediate coupling regime is further handled with an adaptive algorithm. We also use semi-classically derived results for the adiabatic end-point, along with weak coupling perturbation theory. These establish weak and strong coupling (or large and small polaron, respectively) regimes in two dimensions or higher. As is well known, these are connected smoothly, but the cross-over becomes increasingly abrupt as the phonon frequency decreases.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
MAKTAB – KELAJAGIMIZ POYDEVORI
Creators: name: Hasanov, Foziljon
name: Turg`unboyev, Abdulaziz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada maktabning shaxs tarbiyasidagi o‘rni, uning jamiyat hayotidagi beqiyos ahamiyati va kelajak avlodni shakllantirishdagi asosiy vazifalari yoritilgan. Maktab nafaqat bilim berish, balki insoniy qadriyatlarni singdirish, bolani jamiyatga tayyorlash maskani sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Muallif maktabni kelajak poydevori sifatida talqin qilib, ta’lim tizimidagi islohotlar va zamonaviy yondashuvlar orqali uni yanada takomillashtirish zarurligini asoslaydi.
Trends in prevalence and incidence of scabies from 1990 to 2017: findings from the global Burden of disease study 2017
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Zhang, Yujiao
name: Luo, Lina
name: Huang, Wenyong
name: Shen, Xiaoping
name: Dong, Xian
name: Zeng, Wen
name: Lu, Hongguang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Scabies remains a significant public health concern globally, affecting people of all ages, races, and socioeconomic groups. The epidemic characteristics of scabies are yet unravelled, especially in high-income countries and elderly population. In this study, we sought to investigate incidence and prevalence and their trends of scabies worldwide from 1990 to 2017 via the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017. The prevalence and incidence of scabies tend to a moderate increase after age 70. The annual percentage change in ASR of scabies prevalence and incidence increased in high SDI countries and High-income North America. Current prevention strategies should be reoriented, and much more targeted strategies should be established in some populations to forestall the increase in scabies.
Sélection de la structure d'un perceptron multicouches pour la réduction dun modèle de simulation d'une scierie
Creators: name: Thomas, Philippe
name: Thomas, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simulation is often used to evaluate the relevance of a Directing Program of Production (PDP) or to evaluate its impact on detailed scénarii of scheduling. Within this framework, we propose to reduce the complexity of a model of simulation by exploiting a multilayer perceptron. A main phase of the modeling of one system using a multilayer perceptron remains the determination of the structure of the network. We propose to compare and use various pruning algorithms in order to determine the optimal structure of the network used to reduce the complexity of the model of simulation of our case of application: a sawmill.
description: 7 pages
Magnetoelectric Effect and Spontaneous Polarization in HoFe$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ and Ho$_{0.5}$Nd$_{0.5}$Fe$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$
Creators: name: Chaudhury, R. P.
name: Yen, F.
name: Lorenz, B.
name: Sun, Y. Y.
name: Bezmaternykh, L. N.
name: Temerov, V. L.
name: Chu, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic, magnetic, dielectric, and magnetoelectric properties of HoFe$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ and Ho$_{0.5}$Nd$_{0.5}$Fe$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ are investigated. Both compounds show a second order Neél transition above 30 K and a first order spin reorientation transition below 10 K. HoFe$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ develops a spontaneous electrical polarization below the Neél temperature (T$_N$) which is diminished in external magnetic fields. No magnetoelectric effect could be observed in HoFe$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$. In contrast, the solid solution Ho$_{0.5}$Nd$_{0.5}$Fe$_3$(BO$_3$)$_4$ exhibits both, a spontaneous polarization below T$_N$ and a magnetoelectric effect at higher fields that extends to high temperatures. The superposition of spontaneous polarization, induced by the internal magnetic field in the ordered state, and the magnetoelectric polarizations due to the external field results in a complex behavior of the total polarization measured as a function of temperature and field.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures
title: ALGORITHM FOR POSITIONING OF ROTARY ACTUATORS BASED ON SHAPE MEMORY Cu-Al-Ni TENSILE FORCE ELEMENTS
Creators: name: Priadko, A.
name: Pulnev, S.
name: Kovalev, O.
name: Ilin, I.
Publisher: name: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Year: 2020

description: This paper considers positioning algorithms for rotary actuators based on shape
memory Cu-Al-Ni crystals. The actuator function scheme is provided. An algorithm for
positioning of the actuator based on an actual rotary angle has been developed. Experimental
results on the control algorithm and the actuator are presented. The functional characteristics
of the actuator (rotation speed and positioning accuracy) are considered.
Wigner distributions for finite state systems without redundant phase point operators
Creators: name: Chaturvedi, S.
name: Mukunda, N.
name: Simon, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We set up Wigner distributions for $N$ state quantum systems following a Dirac inspired approach. In contrast to much of the work on this case, requiring a $2N\times 2N$ phase space, particularly when $N$ is even, our approach is uniformly based on an $N\times N $ phase space grid and thereby avoids the necessity of having to invoke a `quadrupled' phase space and hence the attendant redundance. Both $N$ odd and even cases are analysed in detail and it is found that there are striking differences between the two. While the $N$ odd case permits full implementation of the marginals property, the even case does so only in a restricted sense. This has the consequence that in the even case one is led to several equally good definitions of the Wigner distributions as opposed to the odd case where the choice turns out to be unique.
description: Latex, 14 pages
A simulation study on the measurement of D0-D0bar mixing parameter y at BES-III
Creators: name: Huang, Bin
name: Zheng, Yang-Heng
name: Li, Wei-dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We established a method on measuring the $\dzdzb$ mixing parameter $y$ for BESIII experiment at the BEPCII $e^+e^-$ collider. In this method, the doubly tagged $ψ(3770) \to D^0 \overline{D^0}$ events, with one $D$ decays to CP-eigenstates and the other $D$ decays semileptonically, are used to reconstruct the signals. Since this analysis requires good $e/π$ separation, a likelihood approach, which combines the $dE/dx$, time of flight and the electromagnetic shower detectors information, is used for particle identification. We estimate the sensitivity of the measurement of $y$ to be 0.007 based on a $20fb^{-1}$ fully simulated MC sample.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
A clickable, free radical-responsive biomaterial for targeted delivery applications
Creators: name: DiMartini, Emily T.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Many therapies are limited by poor bioavailability and toxic side effects in off-target tissues. Stimuli-responsive delivery systems are an emerging strategy to target drugs to disease sites and mitigate side effects. These systems leverage common pathophysiological triggers, such as free radicals, and are amenable to many diseases. Native free radicals are vital to normal physiological processes but are upregulated in many diseases, and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in cellular damage. In chemical synthesis, free radicals are frequently used to control polymerization and crosslinking via acrylate functional chemistries. We have hypothesized that these radical-sensitive materials, such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), can also be used to target drug delivery by selectively crosslinking polymers at disease sites with high radical levels to locally accumulate a coupled payload. Our preliminary results demonstrated that (1) physiologically-relevant free radicals are capable of forming acrylate-acrylate crosslinks, (2) the resulting polymer network and payload is sustained in a tissue mimic model, and (3) the crosslinking reaction consumed radicals to directly protect fibroblasts and improve viability. In this dissertation, we studied the free radical-initiated delivery system in vivo and characterized alternative terminal polymer chemistries in vitro. In a tumor animal model, intratumorally-administered acrylated polymers sustained fluorescent payloads relative to non-acrylated controls. Alternative chemistries were characterized in collagen gels, and similar to acrylates, PEG dithiols and PEG dialkenes immobilized payloads upon ROS exposure. These alternative chemistry studies inspired us to develop a two-step catch-and-release system. The majority of this thesis was dedicated to developing the two-phase system in cell-free and tissue equivalent models, leveraging the azide-DBCO click chemistry reaction to allow payload delivery to occur after the formation of a capture net. The azide click component is included with radical-sensitive PEGDA, and the payload is conjugated to the bioorthogonal DBCO group for delivery. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes are broadly upregulated in disease, and we incorporated enzymatically-degradable peptide sequences into polymer backbones to engineer release. Azide pre-targeting allowed precise control over the timing and amount of payload that was delivered, which improves the flexibility and versatility of the targeting system. Payloads were released from capture nets using the enzymatically-degradable polymers, which can facilitate local transport and interactions with nearby cells. Taken together, this research demonstrates proof-of-principle for a responsive and clickable biomaterial to serve as a multi-potent agent for disease treatment.
Fixed-complexity vector perturbation with Block diagonalization for MU-MIMO systems
Creators: name: Mohaisen, Manar
name: Hui, Bing
name: Chang, KyungHi
name: Ji, Seunghwan
name: Joung, Jinsoup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Block diagonalization (BD) is an attractive technique that transforms the multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) channel into parallel single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) channels with zero inter-user interference (IUI). In this paper, we combine the BD technique with two deterministic vector perturbation (VP) algorithms that reduce the transmit power in MU-MIMO systems with linear precoding. These techniques are the fixed-complexity sphere encoder (FSE) and the QR-decomposition with M-algorithm encoder (QRDM-E). In contrast to the conventional BD VP technique, which is based on the sphere encoder (SE), the proposed techniques have fixed complexity and a tradeoff between performance and complexity can be achieved by controlling the size of the set of candidates for the perturbation vector. Simulation results and analysis demonstrate the properness of the proposed techniques for the next generation mobile communications systems which are latency and computational complexity limited. In MU-MIMO system with 4 users each equipped with 2 receive antennas, simulation results show that the proposed BD-FSE and BD-QRDM-E outperforms the conventional BD-THP (Tomlinson Harashima precoding) by 5.5 and 7.4dB, respectively, at a target BER of 10^{-4}.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, Malaysia International Conference on Communications 2009
Comment on "Wave functions for a Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau particle in a time-dependent potential"
Creators: name: Castro, L. B.
name: de Castro, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the paper "Wave functions for a Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau particle in a time-dependent potential", by Merad and Bensaid [J. Math. Phys. 48, 073515 (2007)] is not correct in using inadvertently a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian in a formalism that does require Hermitian Hamiltonians.
description: 2 pages
A complete gauge-invariant formalism for arbitrary second-order perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole
Creators: name: Brizuela, David
name: Martin-Garcia, Jose M.
name: Tiglio, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using recently developed efficient symbolic manipulations tools, we present a general gauge-invariant formalism to study arbitrary radiative $(l\geq 2)$ second-order perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole. In particular, we construct the second order Zerilli and Regge-Wheeler equations under the presence of any two first-order modes, reconstruct the perturbed metric in terms of the master scalars, and compute the radiated energy at null infinity. The results of this paper enable systematic studies of generic second order perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime. In particular, studies of mode-mode coupling and non-linear effects in gravitational radiation, the second-order stability of the Schwarzschild spacetime, or the geometry of the black hole horizon.
description: 14 pages
Statistical analysis of geoinformation data for increasing railway safety
Creators: name: Gawlak, Katarzyna
name: Konieczny, Jarosław
name: Domino, Krzysztof
name: Miszczak, Jarosław Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The impact of rail transport on the environment is one of the crucial factors for the sustainable development of this form of mass transport. We present a data-driven analysis of wild animal railway accidents in the region of southern Poland, a step to create the train driver warning system. We built our method by harnessing the Bayesian approach to the statistical analysis of information about the geolocation of the accidents. The implementation of the proposed model does not require advanced knowledge of data mining and can be applied even in less developed railway systems with small IT support. Furthermore, we have discovered unusual patterns of accidents while considering the number of trains and their speed and time at particular geographical locations of the railway network. We test the developed approach using data from southern Poland, compromising wildlife habitats and one of the most urbanised regions in Central Europe, based on this we conclude that our model is best suited to railway lines that pass through varying types of landscape.
Formamide Raman Spectrum and q-Gaussian Tsallis Lines
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: q-Gaussian distribution
q-Gaussian line shape
Gaussian distribution
Cauchy distribution
Lorentzian distribution
Egelstaff-Schofield line shape

description: q-Gaussians are the probability distributions which are maximizing the Tsallis entropy in the canonical ensemble. A continuous real parameter q is characterizing them so that, in the range 1 < q < 3, the q-functions pass from the usual Gaussian form, for q close to 1, to that of a heavy tailed distribution, at q close to 3. The value q=2 corresponds to the Cauchy-Lorentzian distribution. This behavior of the Tsallis q-Gaussian functions, which is producing a line profile intermediate between the Lorentzian and Gaussian profiles, can be useful for fitting the Raman spectral bands as recently shown by Sparavigna, 2023. Here we consider the q-Gaussians in the analysis of formamide Raman spectrum, the deconvolution of which had been proposed by V. Kirillov, 2004, by means of the Egelstaff-Schofield line shapes. The q-Gaussians are successfully fitting the formamide spectrum, and therefore can be perfect substitutes of Egelstaff-Schofield functions, which are rather complex to handle in numerical calculations, being based on the modified Bessel functions of second kind.
Is hydrodynamics relevant to RHIC collisions?
Creators: name: Trainor, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hydrodynamic (hydro) model applied to heavy ion data from the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) in the form of single-particle spectra and correlations seems to indicate that a dense QCD medium nearly opaque to partons, a strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma (sQGP), is formed in more-central Au-Au collisions, and that the sQGP may have a very small viscosity ("perfect liquid"). Measurements of radial and elliptic flows, with possible coalescence of "constituent quarks" to form hadrons, seem to support the conclusion. However, other measurements provide contradictory evidence. Unbiased angular correlations indicate that a large number of back-to-back jets from initial-state scattered partons with energies as low as 3 GeV survive as "minijet" hadron correlations even in central Au-Au collisions, suggesting near transparency. Two-component analysis of single-particle hadron spectra reveals a corresponding spectrum hard component (parton fragment distribution described by pQCD) which can masquerade as "radial flow" in some spectrum analysis. Reinterpretation of "elliptic flow" as a QCD scattering process resulting in fragmentation is also possible. In this paper I review analysis methods and results in the context of two paradigms: the conventional hydrodynamics/hard-probes paradigm and an alternative quadrupole/minijets paradigm. Based on re-interpretation of fiducial data I argue that hydrodynamics may not be relevant to RHIC collisions. Collision evolution may be dominated by parton scattering and fragmentation, albeit the fragmentation process is strongly modified in more-central A-A collisions.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures
Non-Markovian weak coupling limit of quantum Brownian motion
Creators: name: Maniscalco, Sabrina
name: Piilo, Jyrki
name: Suominen, Kalle-Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive and solve analytically the non-Markovian master equation for harmonic quantum Brownian motion proving that, for weak system-reservoir couplings and high temperatures, it can be recast in the form of the master equation for a harmonic oscillator interacting with a squeezed thermal bath. This equivalence guarantees preservation of positivity of the density operator during the time evolution and allows one to establish a connection between the dynamics of Schrödinger cat states in squeezed environments and environment-induced decoherence in quantum Brownian motion.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Gemini K-band NIRI Adaptive Optics Observations of Massive Galaxies at 1 < z < 2
Creators: name: Carrasco, Eleazar R.
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Trujillo, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep K-band adaptive-optics observations of eight very massive (M* ~ 4 x 10^11 Msun) galaxies at 1 < z < 2 utilizing the Gemini NIRI/Altair Laser Guide System. These systems are selected from the Palomar Observatory Wide-Field Infrared (POWIR) survey, and are amongst the most massive field galaxies at these epochs. The depth and high spatial resolution of our images allow us to explore for the first time the stellar mass surface density distribution of massive distant galaxies from 1 to 15 kpc on an individual galaxy basis, rather than on stacked images. We confirm that some of these massive objects are extremely compact with measured effective radii between 0."1 - 0."2, giving sizes which are < 2 kpc, a factor of ~ 7 smaller in effective radii than similar mass galaxies today. Examining stellar mass surface densities as a function of fixed physical aperture, we find an over-density of material within the inner profiles, and an under-density in the outer profile, within these high-z galaxies compared with similar mass galaxies in the local universe. Consequently, massive galaxies should evolve in a way to decrease the stellar mass density in their inner region, and at the same time creating more extensive outer light envelopes. We furthermore show that ~ 38% +- 20% of our sample contains evidence for a disturbed outer stellar matter distribution suggesting that these galaxies are undergoing a recent dynamical episode, such as a merger or accretion event. We calculate that massive galaxies at z < 2 will undergo on the order of five of these events, a much higher rate than observed for major mergers, suggesting that these galaxies are growing in size and stellar mass in part through minor mergers during this epoch.
description: 8 pages, 1 table, 3 figures (1 in color). Accepted for publication in MNRAS.
Towards Afrocentric natural language processing
Creators: name: Adebara, Ifeoluwanimi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation centers on Natural Language Processing (NLP) for African languages, endeavoring to unravel the progress, challenges, and future prospects within this linguistic context. The research encompasses language identification and Natural Language Understanding (NLU), Natural Language Generation (NLG), and culminates in a comprehensive case study on machine translation. The first chapter introduces the problem statement, articulates the motivation for addressing the issue, and presents the innovative solutions developed throughout this research. Chapter two discusses intricate details of African languages, offering insights into the genealogical classification, linguistic landscape, and the challenges of multilingual NLP. Building upon this foundation, the third chapter advocates for an Afrocentric approach to technology development, emphasizing the significance of aligning technology with the cultural values and linguistic diversity of African communities. It addresses challenges such as data scarcity and representation bias, spotlighting community-driven initiatives aimed at advancing NLP in the region. The fourth chapter unveils AfroLID, a neural language identification tool designed for 517 African languages and language varieties, establishing itself as the new state-of-the-art solution for African language identification. Chapter five introduces SERENGETI, a massively multilingual language model tailored to support 517 African languages and language varieties. Evaluation on AfroNLU, an extensive benchmark for African NLP, showcases SERENGETI’s superior performance, thereby paving the way for transformative research and development across a diverse linguistic landscape. The sixth chapter addresses NLG challenges in African languages, presenting Cheetah, a language model designed for 517 African languages. Comprehensive evaluations underscore Cheetah’s capacity to generate contextually relevant text across various African languages. The seventh chapter presents a case study on machine translation, focusing on Bare Nouns (BNs) translation from Yorùbá to English. This study illuminates the challenges posed by information asymmetry in machine translation and provides insights into the linguistic capabilities of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems. Emphasizing the importance of fine-grained linguistic considerations, the study encourages further research in addressing translation challenges faced by languages with BNs, analytic languages, and low-resource languages. In chapter eight, I conclude and discuss possible directions for future work.
PSRCHIVE and PSRFITS: Definition of the Stokes Parameters and Instrumental Basis Conventions
Creators: name: van Straten, W.
name: Manchester, R. N.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Reynolds, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper defines the mathematical convention adopted to describe an electromagnetic wave and its polarisation state, as implemented in the PSRCHIVE software and represented in the PSRFITS definition. Contrast is made between the convention that has been widely accepted by pulsar astronomers and the IAU/IEEE definitions of the Stokes parameters. The former is adopted as the PSR/IEEE convention, and a set of useful parameters are presented for describing the differences between the PSR/IEEE standard and the conventions (either implicit or explicit) that form part of the design of observatory instrumentation. To aid in the empirical determination of instrumental convention parameters, well-calibrated average polarisation profiles of PSR J0304+1932 and PSR J0742-2822 are presented at radio wavelengths of approximately 10, 20, and 40 cm.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, to be published in PASA
Femtoscopy at NA61/SHINE using symmetric Lévy sources in central $^{40}$Ar+$^{45}$Sc from 40$A$ GeV/$c$ to 150$A$ GeV/$c$
Creators: name: Porfy, Barnabas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recent decades of high energy physics research, it was demonstrated that strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) is created in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Investigation and understanding of properties of the hadronic matter is among the important goals of NA61/SHINE collaboration at CERN SPS. Mapping of the phase diagram is achieved by varying the collision energy (5 GeV $<\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}<$17 GeV) and by changing the collision system (p+p, p+Pb, Be+Be, Ar+Sc, Xe+La, Pb+Pb). We report on the measurement of femtoscopic correlations in intermediate system at intermediate SPS energies. Interpreting the results of measurements within the symmetric Lévy source formalism, we discuss the values of Lévy source parameters as a function of average pair transverse mass. One of the physical parameters is particularly important, the Lévy exponent $α$, which describes the shape of the source and may be related to the critical exponent $η$ in the proximity of the critical point. Therefore, measuring it may shed light on the location of the critical endpoint of the QCD phase diagram.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, proceedings of the 23rd Zimanyi School Winter Workshop on Heavy Ion Physics, Budapest, Hungary, December 4 - 8, 2023, published in the International Journal of Modern Physics A, special issue "Zimanyi School 2023"
Stopping Cooling Flows with Cosmic Ray Feedback
Creators: name: Mathews, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-Gyr two-dimensional calculations describe the gasdynamical evolution of hot gas in the Virgo cluster resulting from intermittent cavities formed with cosmic rays. Without cosmic rays, the gas evolves into a cooling flow, depositing about 85 solar masses per year of cold gas in the cluster core -- such uninhibited cooling conflicts with X-ray spectra and many other observations. When cosmic rays are produced or deposited 10 kpc from the cluster center in bursts of about 10^{59} ergs lasting 20 Myrs and spaced at intervals of 200 Myrs, the central cooling rate is greatly reduced to 0.1 - 1 solar masses per year, consistent with observations. After cosmic rays diffuse through the cavity walls, the ambient gas density is reduced and is buoyantly transported 30-70 kpc out into the cluster. Cosmic rays do not directly heat the gas and the modest shock heating around young cavities is offset by global cooling as the cluster gas expands. After several Gyrs the hot gas density and temperature profiles remain similar to those observed, provided the time-averaged cosmic ray luminosity is about 10^{43} erg/s, approximately equal to the bolometric X-ray luminosity within only 56 kpc. If an appreciable fraction of the relativistic cosmic rays are protons, gamma rays produced by pion decay following inelastic p-p collisions may be detected with the Fermi Gamma Ray Telescope.
description: 6 pages, accepted by ApJ Letters
Open Science Days in Greece: Co-shaping and Supporting Policies and Services for the Management and Exploitation of Research Data in EOSC
Creators: name: Papadopoulou, Elli
name: Psomopoulos, Fotis
name: Panopoulos, Dimitris
name: Margariti, Ioanna
name: Mannocci, Andrea
name: Pispiringas, Leonidas
name: Spichtinger, Daniel
name: Terrovitis, Manolis
name: Marović, Branko
name: Chatzigeorgakidis, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: open science
greece
implementation
eosc

description: A collection of presentations from the first day of the "Open Science Days in Greece" event, organized by ATHENA Research Center in the context of the HELIX project ending its implementation phase and the Hellenic Data Service entering operations in the Greek Research and Innovation area. Recordings of the event can be found in the ATHENA YouTube Channel. The event was support by the OpenAIRE NOAD in Greece and National Library of Greece.
Observing the clustering properties of galaxy clusters in dynamical dark-energy cosmologies
Creators: name: Fedeli, C.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Bartelmann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the clustering properties of galaxy clusters expected to be observed by various forthcoming surveys both in the X-ray and sub-mm regimes by the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. Several different background cosmological models are assumed, including the concordance $Λ$CDM and various cosmologies with dynamical evolution of the dark energy. Particular attention is paid to models with a significant contribution of dark energy at early times which affects the process of structure formation. Past light cone and selection effects in cluster catalogs are carefully modeled by realistic scaling relations between cluster mass and observables and by properly taking into account the selection functions of the different instruments. The results show that early dark-energy models are expected to produce significantly lower values of effective bias and both spatial and angular correlation amplitudes with respect to the standard $Λ$CDM model. Among the cluster catalogues studied in this work, it turns out that those based on \emph{eRosita}, \emph{Planck}, and South Pole Telescope observations are the most promising for distinguishing between various dark-energy models.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. A&A in press
Metabolomics for biomarker discovery in schistosomiasis: A Systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Midzi, Herald
name: Vengesai, Arthur
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: metabolomics

description: Metabolomics based approaches have emerged as essential tools in the discovery of novel biomarkers in schistosomiasis (S. mansoni and S. haematobium) via high-throughput global assessment of metabolites and metabolite pathway alterations thereby allowing the development of effective diagnostic tools and provision of therapeutic or vaccine targets. In this review, we aimed to give an overview of metabolite biomarkers and metabolic pathway alterations of discovered using metabolomics techniques.
Euler-Heisenberg black hole surrounded by quintessence in the background of perfect fluid dark matter: Thermodynamics, Shadows and Quasinormal modes
Creators: name: Hamil, B.
name: Lütfüoğlu, B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current observations show that a significant fraction of the Universe is composed of dark energy and dark matter. In this paper, we investigate the simultaneous effects of these dark sectors on the Euler-Heisenberg black hole, using the quintessence matter field and perfect fluid to model them. In particular, we study the black hole's thermodynamics, shadows, and quasinormal modes, and discuss in detail how these properties change with relatively large or small dark sector components.
description: 27 Pages, 23 Figures, and 8 Tables
Discrimination of gamma rays due to inelastic neutron scattering in AGATA
Creators: name: Ataç, A.
name: Kaşkaş, A.
name: Akkoyun, S.
name: Şenyiğit, M.
name: Hüyük, T.
name: Kara, S. O.
name: Nyberg, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possibilities of discriminating neutrons and gamma rays in the AGATA gamma-ray tracking spectrometer have been investigated with the aim of reducing the background due to inelastic scattering of neutrons in the high-purity germanium crystals. This background may become a serious problem especially in experiments with neutron-rich radioactive ion beams. Simulations using the Geant4 toolkit and a tracking program based on the forward tracking algorithm were carried out by emitting neutrons and gamma rays from the center of AGATA. Three different methods were developed and tested in order to find 'fingerprints' of the neutron interaction points in the detectors. In a simulation with simultaneous emission of six neutrons with energies in the range 1-5 MeV and ten gamma rays with energies between 150 and 1450 keV, the peak-to-background ratio at a gamma-ray energy of 1.0 MeV was improved by a factor of 2.4 after neutron rejection with a reduction of the photopeak efficiency at 1.0 MeV of only a factor of 1.25.
description: Accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, A, 26 May 2009; 13 pages, 5 tables, 12 figures
Novel Photo-Detectors and Photo-Detector Systems
Creators: name: Danilov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in photo-detectors and photo-detector systems are reviewed. The main emphasis is made on Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPM) - novel and very attractive photo-detectors. Their main features are described. Properties of detectors manufactured by different producers are compared. Different applications are discussed including calorimeters, muon detection, tracking, Cherenkov light detection, and time of flight measurements.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, prepared for Position Sensitive Detectors 08
Tackling Copyright Issues in AI Image Generation Through Originality Estimation and Genericization
Creators: name: Chiba-Okabe, Hiroaki
name: Su, Weijie J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid progress of generative AI technology has sparked significant copyright concerns, leading to numerous lawsuits filed against AI developers. Notably, generative AI's capacity for generating images of copyrighted characters has been well documented in the literature, and while various techniques for mitigating copyright issues have been studied, significant risks remain. Here, we propose a genericization method that modifies the outputs of a generative model to make them more generic and less likely to imitate distinctive features of copyrighted materials. To achieve this, we introduce a metric for quantifying the level of originality of data, estimated by drawing samples from a generative model, and applied in the genericization process. As a practical implementation, we introduce PREGen (Prompt Rewriting-Enhanced Genericization), which combines our genericization method with an existing mitigation technique. Compared to the existing method, PREGen reduces the likelihood of generating copyrighted characters by more than half when the names of copyrighted characters are used as the prompt. Additionally, while generative models can produce copyrighted characters even when their names are not directly mentioned in the prompt, PREGen almost entirely prevents the generation of such characters in these cases. Ultimately, this study advances computational approaches for quantifying and strengthening copyright protection, thereby providing practical methodologies to promote responsible generative AI development.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Ab-initio study of the stability and electronic properties of wurtzite and zinc-blende BeS nanowires
Creators: name: Faraji, Somayeh
name: Mokhtari, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the structural stability and electronic properties of the Beryllium sulphide nanowires (NWs) in both zinc blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) phases with triangle and hexagonal cross section, using first principle calculations within plane-wave pseudopotential method. A phenomenological model is used to explain the role of dangling bonds in the stability of the NWs. In contrast to the bulk phase, ZB-NWs with diameter less than 133.3 (angstrom) are found to be less favorable over WZ-NWs, in which the surface dangling bonds (DBs) on the NW facets play an important role to stabilize the NWs. Furthermore, both ZB and WZ NWs are predicted to be semiconductor and the values of the band gaps are dependent on the surface DBs as well as the size and shape of NWs. Finally, we performed atom projected density-of states (PDOSs) analysis by calculating the localized density of states on the surface atoms, as well as on the core and edge atoms.
description: 9 Pages, 6 Figures