Thespieus mandal Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Thespieus
Thespieus mandal

description: Thespieus mandal Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ BA7D773F-A815-4251-B153-DC7B3CAC5B13  
(Fig. 4 part, 103–104, 328–329)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic analysis of a specimen from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, identified as Thespieus dalman (Latreille, [1824]) (type locality in Brazil, lectotype sequenced as NVG-18078F01) reveals its strong genetic differentiation (Fig. 4): e.g., COI barcode difference of 3.8% (25 bp) from T. dalman, and therefore it represents a new species. This new species keys to T. dalman (O.7.4) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by a generally narrower hyaline spot in the forewing discal cell but wider spot in the hindwing cell CuA 1 -CuA 2, which is framed by a smaller and paler brown spot at the base of this cell on the ventral side, which has no brown discal dash in cell Sc+R 1 -RS, and exhibits paler basal area in cell 1A+2A-3A (Fig. 103–104), harpe wider, protrudes dorsad farther than ampulla, more concave along the distal margin, saccus stronger bowed ventrad (Fig. 328–329). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly168.8.1:G313A, aly 2517.1.2:T285C, aly3905.3.3:A99C, aly971.11.1:A75G, aly3268.8.1:T840C, aly10226.17.4:A204A (not C), aly320.37.1:G189G (not A), aly1656.14.1:C411C (not T), aly594.20.16:C67C (not A), aly 1651.3.5:A72A (not T), and COI barcode: T50C, T133C, T340C, T352C, A379C, T640C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18012A11, GenBank OR837670, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGAACTTCACTAAGATTACTAATTCGTACAGAATTAGGTAATCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACAGCCCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTTCCATTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATATTACCTCCCTCTTTAACATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACTGGATGAACAGTTTACCCCCCCTTATCCTCTAATATTGCTCATCAAGGATCTTCCGTAGATTTA GCAATTTTCTCACTTCATTTAGCTGGAATTTCATCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTATGATCTGTAGGTATTACAGCTTTATTATTACTTTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCTGGTGCTATTACCATATTATT AACAGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCATTCTTTGACCCTGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATCTTATATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ currently currently deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 103–104, bears the following six rectangular labels, five white: [BRAZIL, RJ, P. N. de | Itatiaia, 800m | 22°27′S, 44°37′W | 7Apr 1995 | Diversity Project UERJ], [Thespieus | dalman], [no transect], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18012A11 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01450264], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Thespieus | mandal Grishin].   
 Type locality. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia National Park, elevation 800 m, GPS −22.450, −44.617.   
 Etymology. The name reverses syllables in its sister species, T. dalman. The name is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. Southeast Brazil.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362