cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The First Billion Years
Creators: name: Bowman, Judd
name: Furlanetto, Steve
name: Jones, Dayton
name: Readhead, Anthony
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2012

description: Spectral measurements of atomic and molecular lines embedded in the cosmic microwave background
(CMB) have the potential to open entirely new probes of the early Universe. Two avenues are of great
interest:
1) Spectral line deviations from the CMB blackbody spectrum will enable the study of hydrogen and
helium recombination physics during and before the time of the surface of last scattering, and could provide
the potential for game-changing discoveries by testing dark matter annihilation in the redshift range 6000>
z > 1000, by allowing a test of the time-dependence of the fine-structure constant at a critical epoch, and
by testing inflation models using an independent method.
2) Extension of CMB anisotropy measurements to detect unresolved spectral line emission from starforming
galaxies during reionization (6 < z < 10) would directly delineate the large-scale structure of
the galaxies responsible for reionizing the Universe and provide the only foreseeable measurements on
scales sufficiently large to compare with upcoming observations of reionization by way of the redshifted
hydrogen 21 cm line. CO, [C II], and Ly-a lines were investigated as promising targets. CO and [C II] line
transitions emerged as particularly compelling.
The two science objectives identified in the Program share some common core technological requirements
based on the shared need for approximately 1000-element feed arrays followed by broadband, highresolution
spectral correlators. The technical requirements lead to a roadmap for development of large
feed arrays beginning with applications in a ground-based CO mapping instrument and leading to a spaceborne
recombination-line all-sky spectrometer. The key technical issues include compact and light-weight
integrated spectral dual-polarization inexpensive receiver modules, large high-resolution spectral correlators
(analog and/or digital), and light-weight feeds. In parallel we recommend long-term investigations
into high precision calibrators and calibration techniques that will be required for the recombination line
instrument. A second roadmap addresses technical developments required for a 2-D spectroscopic instrument
for [C II] mapping.
Synthesis, trehalase hydrolytic resistance and inhibition properties of 4- and 6-substituted trehalose derivatives
Creators: name: Dhaene, Shari
name: Van der Eycken, Johan
name: Beerens, Koen
name: Franceus, Jorick
name: Desmet, Tom
name: Caroen, Jurgen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Although trehalose has recently gained interest because of its pharmaceutical potential, its clinical use is hampered due to its low bioavailability. Hence, hydrolysis-resistant trehalose analogues retaining biological activity could be of interest. In this study, 34 4- and 6-O-substituted trehalose derivatives were synthesised using an ether- or carbamate-type linkage. Their hydrolysis susceptibility and inhibitory properties were determined against two trehalases, i.e. porcine kidney and Mycobacterium smegmatis. With the exception of three weakly hydrolysable 6-O-alkyl derivatives, the compounds generally showed to be completely resistant. Moreover, a number of derivatives was shown to be an inhibitor of one or both of these trehalases. For the strongest inhibitors of porcine kidney trehalase IC50 values of around 10 mM could be determined, whereas several compounds displayed sub-mM IC50 against M. smegmatis trehalase. Dockings studies were performed to explain the observed influence of the substitution pattern on the inhibitory activity towards porcine kidney trehalase.
Charakterisierung und Anwendung von polyelektrolytbasierten Hydrogelen
Creators: name: Jastram, Ann
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500 Natural sciences
subject: 540 Chemistry & allied sciences
subject: 660 Chemical engineering

description: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Charakterisierung von Polyelektrolyt-Hydrogelen. Neben ihrer Druck-, Zug- und Scherbelastung wurde auch der Gelierungsprozess durch Verfolgung der rheologischen Eigenschaften genauer beleuchtet. Das Screening der intrinsischen antibakteriellen Aktivität gegenüber gram-positiven sowie gram-negativen Bakterien lieferte zudem wichtige Informationen für den medizinischen Bereich. Zur Erweiterung des Anwendungsfeldes wurde der Einsatz als Verkapselungsmatrix für Enzyme getestet, wobei auftretende Diffusionslimitierungen ausführlicher charakterisiert wurden.
On recovering distributed induced polarization information from time-domain electromagnetic data
Creators: name: Kang, Seogi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: The electrical conductivity of earth materials is frequency-dependent. This is due to a phenomenon known as induced polarization (IP), wherein electrical charges build-up under the application of an electric field. Macroscopically, rocks may be considered chargeable, as they act like electric capacitors. The goal of this thesis is to show how IP data can be extracted from time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) data, then inverted to recover information about chargeable targets. Although both frequency and time-domain electromagnetic (EM) surveys measure IP signals, this dissertation will focus solely on TEM. To recover chargeability information, the following TEM-IP inversion workflow is developed. (1) Extract a background conductivity model that is assumed free of IP signals. (2) Decouple the TEM and IP signals by subtracting the fundamental responses estimated using the background conductivity. (3) Invert the resultant IP data to recover pseudo-chargeabilities at multiple times for a set of 3D volumes. This is used to infer the location and dimensions of chargeable targets. (4) Carry out further analyses of pseudo-chargeabilities at multiple times to estimate intrinsic parameters such as Cole-Cole chargeability and its associated time constant. For grounded sources, the workflow is implemented for a synthetic gradient array example. Results show that the early time signals, which are often discarded, can be used to estimate the background conductivity. Applying the workflow to inductive sources such as airborne EM (AEM) is more challenging, as steady-state electric fields are not produced. This was overcome by developing an IP function which (1) accurately characterizes how electric fields from inductive sources behave in the earth and (2) allows the recovery of a 3D chargeability by solving a linear inverse problem. The efficacy of the aforementioned approach is validated using field AEM surveys over the Mt. Milligan porphyry deposit in British Columbia and Tli Kwi Cho kimberlite deposit in the Northwestern Territories. For the kimberlite deposit, the recovered chargeability information is able to distinguish two distinct kimberlite units. To validate the approach, a 3D rock model for Tli Kiw Cho is constructed using the recovered chargeability and background conductivity. This model is compared against geological models obtained through drilling and shows good agreement.
Impact of ISP tuning on object detection
Creators: name: Molloy, Dara
name: Deegan, Brian
name: Mullins, Darragh
name: Ward, Enda
name: Horgan, Jonathan
name: EISING, CIARAN
name: Denny, Patrick
name: Jones, Edward
name: Glavin, Martin
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: In advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) or autonomous vehicle research, acquiring semantic information about the surrounding environment generally relies heavily on camera-based object detection. Image signal processors (ISPs) in cameras are generally tuned for human perception. In most cases, ISP parameters are selected subjectively and the resulting image differs depending on the individual who tuned it. While the installation of cameras on cars started as a means of providing a view of the vehicle’s environment to the driver, cameras are increasingly becoming part of safety-critical object detection systems for ADAS. Deep learning-based object detection has become prominent, but the effect of varying the ISP parameters has an unknown performance impact. In this study, we analyze the performance of 14 popular object detection models in the context of changes in the ISP parameters. We consider eight ISP blocks: demosaicing, gamma, denoising, edge enhancement, local tone mapping, saturation, contrast, and hue angle. We investigate two raw datasets, PASCALRAW and a custom raw dataset collected from an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) perspective. We found that varying from a default ISP degrades the object detection performance and that the models differ in sensitivity to varying ISP parameters. Finally, we propose a novel methodology that increases object detection model robustness via ISP variation data augmentation.
null intrazerebrale Applikation von Botulinum Neurotoxin-A als experimentelle antiparkinsonoide Therapie in verschiedenen Murinae
Creators: name: Hawlitschka, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Der mögliche therapeutische Einsatz intrazerebraler Botulinumneurotoxin-A (BoNT-A)- Injektionen in einem Maus- und Rattenmodell wurde vergleichend untersucht. BoNT-A unterdrückt lokal, ohne systemische Nebenwirkungen, die Ausschüttung von Acetylcholin. In einem Parkinson-Modell der Ratte führt ein Dopaminmangel im Caudatus-Putamen-Komplex (Striatum) zu einem striatalen Hypercholinismus. Motorische Defizite werden durch eine Injektion von BoNT-A in das Striatum gemildert. Es wurden Speziesunterschiede in der Wirkung von intrastriatal appliziertem BoNT-A auf Ratte und Maus detektiert.
Additional file 1 of Understanding personalized dynamics to inform precision medicine: a dynamic time warp analysis of 255 depressed inpatients
Creators: name: K. Hebbrecht
name: M. Stuivenga
name: T. Birkenhäger
name: M. Morrens
name: E. I. Fried
name: B. Sabbe
name: E. J. Giltay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Sample R script for paper.
Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy
Creators: name: Bremner, Michael J.
name: Jozsa, Richard
name: Shepherd, Dan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as IQP computations, and provide compelling evidence that the task of sampling their output probability distributions is unlikely to be achievable by any efficient classical means. More specifically we introduce the class post-IQP of languages decided with bounded error by uniform families of IQP circuits with post-selection, and prove first that post-IQP equals the classical class PP. Using this result we show that if the output distributions of uniform IQP circuit families could be classically efficiently sampled, even up to 41% multiplicative error in the probabilities, then the infinite tower of classical complexity classes known as the polynomial hierarchy, would collapse to its third level. We mention some further results on the classical simulation properties of IQP circuit families, in particular showing that if the output distribution results from measurements on only O(log n) lines then it may in fact be classically efficiently sampled.
description: 13 pages
title:   LONGITUDINAL PERSPECTIVES ON INDIVIDUAL OUTCOMES, FAMILY FUNCTIONING, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG DIVERSE ADOPTIVE FAMILIES
Creators: name: Lapidus, Emily
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: FOS: Psychology
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Given that family processes change when a child enters adolescence, it is imperative for research to utilize longitudinal analyses to capture a family unit’s development over time. This research is especially lacking amongst diverse families, such as those formed utilizing adoption or headed by same-gender parents. Utilizing both the Parenting Stress Model and Family Systems Theory, it has been shown that family dynamics are key indicators when predicting functioning within a family, opposed to family structure. Therefore, it is hypothesized that there will be no significant differences related to family processes (e.g., family functioning, parenting stress, adolescent adjustment, and social support) between lesbian, gay, (LG) and heterosexual adoptive parents. Further, it is hypothesized that previous reports of parenting stress and child behavior can predict current levels of adolescent adjustment and family functioning. The present study includes data from adoptive parents from a third wave of data collection from the Contemporary Adoptive Family Study (N = 57 adoptive parents). Outcomes (e.g., social support family functioning, parenting stress, and adolescent behavior) were not related to family structure. Further, previous reports of child behavior and family functioning predicted current family functioning. Previous aggregated reports of child behavior at previous time points predicted current adolescent adjustment. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
description: © 2023 Emily Lapidus
High Altitude Ballooning for Space and Atmospheric Observation
Creators: name: Karol, Robert
name: Lee, Joshua Warren
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2012

description: The purpose of our project was to conduct a series of high altitude balloon experiments on student-designed launch platforms. Many design goals were considered, including, but not limited to: horizontal control for helium weather balloons, tethered camera platforms (controlled and passive), rocket and glider payloads, self-stabilizing platforms, high-definition video platforms, and miscellaneous data collection. Over the course of the project, the High Altitude Ballooning Group completed two successful high altitude launches and several workshops on payload design and microcontroller programming. We have also conducted tests on tethered camera payloads, including field tests in Alaska for a related JPL study on imaging methane seeping from under frozen lakes.
Time-Varying Dark Energy Constraints From the Latest SN Ia, BAO and SGL
Creators: name: Zhang, Qing-Jun
name: Wu, Yue-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the latest SNe Ia data provided by Hicken et al. (2009) with using MLCS17 light curve fitter, together with the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation(BAO) and strong gravitational lenses(SGL), we investigate the constraints on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter $w$ in the flat universe, especially for the time-varying case $w(z)=w_0+w_zz/(1+z)$. The constraints from SNe data alone are found to be: (a) $(Ω_M, w)=(0.358, -1.09)$ as the best-fit results; (b) $(w_0, w_z)=(-0.73^{+0.23}_{-0.97}, 0.84^{+1.66}_{-10.34})$ for the two parameters in the time-varying case after marginalizing the parameter $Ω_M$; (c) the likelihood of parameter $w_z$ has a high non-Gaussian distribution; (d) an extra restriction on $Ω_M$ is necessary to improve the constraint of the SNe Ia data on the parameters ($w_0$, $w_z$). A joint analysis of SNe Ia data and BAO is made to break the degeneracy between $w$ and $Ω_M$, and leads to the interesting maximum likelihoods $w_0 = -0.94$ and $w_z = 0$. When marginalizing the parameter $Ω_M$, the fitting results are found to be $(w_0, w_z)=(-0.95^{+0.45}_{-0.18}, 0.41^{+0.79}_{-0.96})$. After adding the splitting angle statistic of SGL data, a consistent constraint is obtained $(Ω_M, w)=(0.298, -0.907)$ and the constraints on time-varying dark energy are further improved to be $(w_0, w_z) = (-0.92^{+0.14}_{-0.10}, 0.35^{+0.47}_{-0.54})$, which indicates that the phantom type models are disfavored.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, to be published in JCAP
Effekte einer Neutronenexposition auf gesunde humane Brustzellen
Creators: name: Zwar, Monique
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 500 Natural sciences
subject: 570 Life science
subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Während einer Tumortherapie mit Protonenstrahlen kommt es zur Exposition gesunden Gewebes außerhalb des Zielgebietes mit sekundären Neutronen (Streustrahlung). Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Risiko der Entstehung neuer Tumoren als Spätfolge dieser Neutronenexposition. Zur Untersuchung der radiobiologischen Effekte der Streustrahlung wurden gesunde humane Mammaepithelzellen mit Neutronen verschiedener Energiespektren bestrahlt. Diese Ergebnisse sind für weitere Untersuchungen strahleninduzierter Karzinogenese und für eine bessere Risikobewertung von hoher Relevanz.
Enhanced soft-wall effects for composite fermions in magnetic focusing and commensurability experiments
Creators: name: Smet, J. H.
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Klitzing, Klaus von
name: Fleischmann, R.
name: Ketzmerick, R.
name: Geisel, T.
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Coleridge, P. T.
name: Wasilewski, Z. W.
name: Weimann, G.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Fractional quantum Hall effect; Correlated electrons; Composite fermions
subject: 530 Physik

description: Transverse magnetic focusing in arrays of abutted square cavities and commensurability oscillations in antidot superlattices were investigated around half Landau-level filling in a two-dimensional electron gas. Both experiments support the validity of the composite fermion model and confirm that composite fermions appear to obey quasi-classical dynamics. Nevertheless, compared to electrons, the dynamics of composite fermions in the ballistic transport regime in these etched semiconductor nanostructures is strongly influenced by the inhomogeneous electrostatic potential in the vicinity of the exposed surfaces. Enhanced soft-wall effects emerge in both experiments for the hybrid particles.
A simple device for in-situ direct shear and sinkage tests
Creators: name: Jerves, A.
name: Ling, H.
name: Gabaldon, J.
name: Usoltceva, M.
name: Cousté, C.
name: Agarwal, A.
name: Hurley, R.
name: Andrade, J. E.
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2013

description: This work introduces a simple device designed to perform in-situ direct shear and sinkage tests
on granular materials as sand, clays, or regolith. It consists of a box nested within a larger
box. Both have open bottoms, allowing them to be lowered into the material. Afterwards, two
rotating plates on opposite sides of the outer box will rotate outwards in order to clear regolith
on either side, providing room for the inner box to move relative to the plates and perform a
shear test without the resistance of the surrounding soil. From this test, Coulomb parameters,
including cohesion and internal friction angle, as well as, Bekker parameters can be inferred.
This device has been designed for a laboratory setting, but with few modifications, could be
put on the underside of a rover for use in a remote location. The goal behind this work is to
ultimately create a compact, but accurate measuring tool to put onto a rover or any kind of
exploratory vehicle to test for regolith properties of celestial bodies.
Meson and baryon masses with low mode averaging
Creators: name: Bali, Gunnar
name: Castagnini, Luca
name: Collins, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe and test a method known in the literature as low mode averaging to improve Euclidean two-point functions in lattice QCD using the low-lying eigenmodes of the Wilson-Dirac operator D. The contribution from the low modes is averaged over all positions of the quark sources while the contribution from high modes is calculated in the traditional way using one source point per lattice. We apply this method to different baryon and meson two-point functions and we compare the improvements using the eigenmodes of the non-hermitian operator D and the eigenmodes of the hermitian operator Q=gamma5 D. The convergence strongly depends on the parity of the states.
description: 7 pages, talk presented by Luca Castagnini at The XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2010), June 14-19, 2010, Villasimius, Italy
Valorization of biobased furfurals by catalytic oxidative esterification
Creators: name: Salazar La Rosa, Abel David
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemistry & allied sciences

description: The two benchmark biobased chemicals, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfuraldehyde were successfully oxidized by newly developed bimetallic catalysts in batch and in flow conditions. The processes were made under the mildest conditions so far, in good to excellent yields. Also, carbene catalyzed valorization of furfurals was explored. All these processes were conceived under the guidelines of sustainability, and the principles of green chemistry and engineering.
Myelindegeneration als treibende Kraft der Immunzellrekrutierung
Creators: name: Joost, Sarah Maria Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die Arbeit untersucht die Interaktion von Myelindegeneration und Neuroinflammation/Immunzellrekrutierung in drei Ansätzen: i) Etablierung der massenspektrometrischen Quantifikation von Myelinproteinen in sehr kleinen Probenmengen, ii) experimentelle Myelindegeneration in organotypischen Schnittkulturen und iii) quantitative und qualitative Untersuchung der Immunzellrekrutierung in drei Mausmodellen der toxischen Demyelinisierung bzw. autoimmunen Neuroinflammation.
Next Generation UV Instrument Technologies
Creators: name: Martin, Chris
name: Nikzad, Shouleh
name: Morrissey, Patrick
name: Schiminovich, David
name: Jewell, April
name: Shapiro, Chaz
name: Chang, Sam
name: Goodsall, Tim
name: Jones, Todd
name: Hoenk, Michael
name: Matuszewski, Matt
name: Neill, Don
name: Crabill, Marty
name: Lemon, Michele
name: Ong, Hwei Ru
name: Gordon, Sam
name: Linger, Nicole
name: Zorilla, Jose
name: Hamden, Erika
name: Kyne, Gillian
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2016

description: Our objective is the development of high-efficiency, low-noise photon-counting UV CCD detectors.
This is accomplished via delta-doping and anti-reflection coating (ARC) developed at JPL, with
testing at JPL and Columbia, combined with low noise electron multiplying charge-coupled device
(EMCCD) technology, tested extensively at Caltech. This development work has resulted in
detectors with low noise, low dark current, high UV efficiency, and high quality surface cosmetics.

Our technical development program has directly led to advancement in several key areas, described
briefly below:
1. Successful delta-doping of large area array e2v EMCCD CCD201-20 (JPL);
2. Successful multi-layer AR coatings, including single, 3-, and 5-layer AR coating development
(JPL and Columbia);
3. Successful integration of 5-layer AR coating and delta-doped e2v EMCCD; quantum
efficiency (QE) tests from e2v (JPL);
4. Successful demonstration of end-to-end wafer-level EMCCD processing for far ultraviolet
with co-support from SAT (JPL);
5. Extensive testing of engineer-grade e2v EMCCD ccd201-20 (Caltech);
6. Ongoing testing of noise performance of delta-doped AR coated EMCCDs (Caltech);
7. Sky testing at Palomar (Caltech and JPL).
Each advancement listed above represents a crucial requirement on the path to achieving flightqualified
high efficiency UV-optimized EMCCDs. The development work at JPL has resulted in
robust, reliable devices with good cosmetics, HV clock responses, and excellent UV performance.
The testing at Columbia, in collaboration with Caltech, has yielded high-quality ARC and helped to
optimize atomic layer deposition (ALD) of coatings. Noise testing at Caltech includes the lowest
measurements of dark current yet, with additional improvement of waveform shaping through
variable clocks. The end result is a detector which can achieve nearly all the flight requirements
for the upcoming balloon flight of the Faint Intergalactic-medium Redshifted Emission Balloon
(FIREBall, Sept. 2016), for future Medium explorers (MIDEX, Announcement of Opportunity
(AO) in winter 2016), and for medium- and far-term missions likely to be recommended by the
2020 Decadal Survey.
Statistics of magnetic field fluctuations in a partially ionized space plasma
Creators: name: Shaikh, Dastgeer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: {\em Voyager 1} and {\em 2} data reveals that magnetic field fluctuations are compressive and exhibit a Gaussian distribution in the compressed heliosheath plasma, whereas they follow a lognormal distribution in a nearly incompressible supersonic solar wind plasma. To describe the evolution of magnetic field, we develop a nonlinear simulation model of a partially ionized plasma based on two dimensional time-dependent multifluid model. Our model self-consistently describes solar wind plasma ions, electrons, neutrals and pickup ions. It is found from our simulations that the magnetic field evolution is governed by mode conversion process that leads to the suppression of vortical modes, whereas the compressive modes are amplified. An implication of the mode conversion process is to quench the Alfvénic interactions associated with the vortical motions. Consequently anisotropic cascades are reduced. This is accompanied by the amplification of compressional modes that tend to isotropize the plasma fluctuations and lead to a Gaussian distribution of the magnetic field.
description: This paper is to appear in Physics Letters A
Characterization and intervention of Campylobacter jejuni persistence and biofilm formation
Creators: name: Feng, Jinsong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: The hard-to-treat chronic bacterial infection is one of the most significant challenges to conventional antibiotic therapy. These chronic infections represent an elevated risk for the development of severe clinical consequences. Bacteria can form biofilms or persister cells to withstand harsh stresses and antibiotic treatment. In addition, both biofilm and persister cells can restore the bacterial population upon the removal of stresses and antibiotic treatment. Hence, biofilm and persister cells are proposed to be one of the major survival strategies that associate chronic bacterial infections. As one of the major causes of human gastroenteritis in the world, Campylobacter jejuni was frequently identified in food production as well as in the environment. However, how can this microaerophilic microbe survive in the aerobic environment and disseminate throughout the food chain to eventually cause campylobacteriosis is not fully understood yet. We argued that bacterial biofilm and persister cells be two particular survival state of C. jejuni that contribute to the prevalence of C. jejuni. In this dissertation, particular survival modes of C. jejuni, known as biofilm and persister cells, were characterized. We found that C. jejuni could form both mono- and multispecies biofilms and biofilm formation was significantly influenced by environmental stresses. The extracellular DNA was the factor that mediated this influence. In addition, we identified the presence of C. jejuni persister cells which accounted for ~ 0.01% of the total population. The transcriptome analysis of persister cells indicated that the low metabolic activity and bacterial dormancy could play an important role in the formation of persister cells. In the end, a synergistic treatment using ajoene and Al₂O₃/TiO₂ nanoparticles in a combined manner was applied to generate a significant antimicrobial effect against C. jejuni. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the two major bacterial survival strategies, namely biofilm and persister cells, and applied innovative antimicrobial treatment to inactivate C. jejuni. The knowledge from this study provides insight to understand the survival and distribution of C. jejuni and aids in the development of intervention strategies to reduce the prevalence of C. jejuni and other pathogens.
null supraartikuläre Zugang bei lateralen Bandscheibenvorfällen
Creators: name: Vulpe, Valentin Corneliu
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die aktuelle Arbeit versucht eine Positionierung des supraartikulären Zugangs zwischen der Vielzahl der Operationstechniken für den lateralen Bandscheibenvorfall. Der supraartikuläre Zugang ist eine klare Option in der operativen Therapie des lateralen Bandscheibenvorfalls. Die Früh- und Langzeitergebnisse waren relevant mit schneller und anhaltender Reduzierung der Schmerzintensität (von 8 auf 2 im VAS). Das größte Erholungspotenzial wird in den ersten 6 Wochen postoperativ (>85%) erreicht. Was die volle Arbeitsfähigkeit im alten Beruf betrifft, wurde eine Quote von 89% erreicht.
Synthesis and characterisation of thiobarbituric acid enamine derivatives, and evaluation of their α-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-glycation activity
Creators: name: Ali, M.
name: Barakat, Assem
name: El-Faham, Ayman
name: Al-Rasheed, Hessa H.
name: Dahlous, Kholoud
name: Al-Majid, Abdullah Mohammed
name: Sharma, Anamika
name: Yousuf, Sammer
name: Sanam, Mehar
name: Ul-Haq, Zaheer
name: Choudhary, M. Iqbal
name: de la Torre, Beatriz G.
name: Albericio, Fernando
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A new series of thiobarbituric (thiopyrimidine trione) enamine derivatives and its analogues barbituric acid derivatives was synthesised, characterised, and screen for in vitro evaluation of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and anti-glycation activity. This series of compounds were found to inhibit α-glucosidase activity in a reversible mixed-type manner with IC50 between 264.07 ± 1.87 and 448.63 ± 2.46 µM. Molecular docking studies indicated that compounds of 3g, 3i, 3j, and 5 are located close to the active site of α-glucosidase, which may cover the active pocket, thereby inhibiting the binding of the substrate to the enzyme. Thiopyrimidine trione derivatives also inhibited the generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which cause long-term complications in diabetes. While, compounds 3a–k, 5, and 6 showed significant to moderate anti-glycation activity (IC50 = 31.5 ± 0.81 to 554.76 ± 9.1 µM).
Striation and convection in penumbral filaments
Creators: name: Spruit, H. C.
name: Scharmer, G. B.
name: Löfdahl, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations with the 1-m Swedish Solar Telescope of the flows seen in penumbral filaments are presented. Time sequences of bright filaments show overturning motions strikingly similar to those seen along the walls of small isolated structures in the active regions. The filaments show outward propagating striations with inclination angles suggesting that they are aligned with the local magnetic field. We interpret it as the equivalent of the striations seen in the walls of small isolated magnetic structures. Their origin is then a corrugation of the boundary between an overturning convective flow inside the filament and the magnetic field wrapping around it. The outward propagation is a combination of a pattern motion due to the downflow observed along the sides of bright filaments, and the Evershed flow. The observed short wavelength of the striation argues against the existence of a dynamically significant horizontal field inside the bright filaments. Its intensity contrast is explained by the same physical effect that causes the dark cores of filaments, light bridges and `canals'. In this way striation represents an important clue to the physics of penumbral structure and its relation with other magnetic structures on the solar surface. We put this in perspective with results from the recent 3-D radiative hydrodynamic simulations.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Monitoring Earth Surface Changes from Space
Creators: name: Avouac, Jean-Philippe
name: Leprince, Sébastien
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2012

description: This report gives an overview of the activities which have been undertaken as part of the
technical follow-on to the large study “Monitoring Earth Surface Changes from Space”. In addition to the
support provided by the Keck Institute for Space Studies, these activities have been supported by
matching funds from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, from UAE and Kuwait, and from the
MDAP NASA program.
Activities were organized under five different themes, each lead by a different PI:
1- Optical Image Time-Series (PI: Sebastien Leprince). These activities aim at developing
techniques to analyze optical images acquired by different imaging systems and at different times
to look at general landscape evolution (evolutions due to tectonic activity, glacier flow,
landslides, sand dunes migration, etc.). They also aim at building a framework for large scale
processing to look at global changes.
2- SAR Time-Series Analysis (PI: Mark Simons). These activities aim at developing techniques to
analyze radar image time series, in particular via interferrometric techniques. These activities
involve close interactions with JPL via the ARIA project (PI: Susan Owen).
3- Seismic Waves Imaging (PI: Pablo Ampuero). These activities aim at developing techniques for
seismic inversion with dense measurement in time and space, such as measurement that would be
provided by a space seismometer. These activities involve close interactions with JPL, which
received a matching R&TD funding to investigate the development of a space optical
seismometer (PI: David Redding).
4- Sub-surface Imaging (PI: Essam Heggy). These activities involve close interactions at testing the
possibility of an Earth orbiting Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Within the scope of this project,
only airborne applications will be sought after, with study for space applications.
5- Science Applications (PI: Mike Lamb). These activities involve taking advantage of the
techniques developed by the other groups. It also drives the technical developments and foresees
the external visitor program.
We detail below these activities. Each sub-section has software products, publications, and/or conference
posters/talks as outcome. All publications and presentations in international meetings are listed again at
the end of the report together with a few other publications produced by collaborators who have
participated in the KISS study but did not receive funding from us. Regarding the ‘seismic waves
imaging’ project, we have explored different designs and mission concepts for a 4 m-class Seismic
Imager Geostationnary satellite system. We are currently working on estimating the cost and preparing a
draft GSI Mission Whitepaper.
Gazing at the Solar System: Capturing the Evolution of Dunes, Faults, Volcanoes, and Ice from Space
Creators: name: Donnellan, Andrea
name: Hallet, Bernard
name: Leprince, Sébastien
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2014

description: Gazing imaging holds promise for improved understanding of surface
characteristics and processes of Earth and solar system bodies. Evolution of
earthquake fault zones, migration of
sand dunes, and retreat of ice masses
can be understood by observing
changing features over time.
To gaze or stare means to look
steadily, intently, and with fixed
attention, offering the ability to probe
the characteristics of a target deeply,
allowing retrieval of 3D structure and
changes on fine and coarse scales.
Observing surface reflectance and 3D
structure from multiple perspectives
allows for a more complete view of a
surface than conventional remote
imaging. A gaze from low Earth orbit
(LEO) could last several minutes
allowing for video capture of dynamic
processes. Repeat passes enable
monitoring time scales of days to years.
Numerous vantage points are available during a gaze (Figure 1). Features in
the scene are projected into each image frame enabling the recovery of dense
3D structure. The recovery is robust to errors in the spacecraft position and
attitude knowledge, because features are from different perspectives. The
combination of a varying look angle and the solar illumination allows recovering
texture and reflectance properties and permits the separation of atmospheric
effects. Applications are numerous and diverse, including, for example, glacier
and ice sheet flux, sand dune migration, geohazards from earthquakes,
volcanoes, landslides, rivers and floods, animal migrations, ecosystem changes,
geysers on Enceladus, or ice structure on Europa.
The Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) hosted a workshop in June of
2014 to explore opportunities and challenges of gazing imaging. The goals of the
workshop were to develop and discuss the broad scientific questions that can be
addressed using spaceborne gazing, specific types of targets and applications,
the resolution and spectral bands needed to achieve the science objectives, and
possible instrument configurations for future missions.
The workshop participants found that gazing imaging offers the ability to
measure morphology, composition, and reflectance simultaneously and to
measure their variability over time. Gazing imaging can be applied to better
understand the consequences of climate change and natural hazards processes,
through the study of continuous and episodic processes in both domains.
Inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase IX and XII as a candidate selection criterion in the development of new anticancer agents
Creators: name: Krasavin, Mikhail
name: Kalinin, Stanislav
name: Sharonova, Tatiana
name: Supuran, Claudiu T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Analysis of the literature data reveals that while inhibition of cancer-related carbonic anhydrase IX and XII isoforms continues to be an important enrichment factor for designing anticancer agent development libraries, exclusive reliance on the in vitro inhibition of these two recombinant isozymes in nominating candidate compounds for evaluation of their effects on cancer cells may lead not only to identifying numerous compounds devoid of the desired cellular efficacy but also to overlooking many promising candidates which may not display the best potency in biochemical inhibition assay. However, SLC-0111, now in phase Ib/II clinical trials, was developed based on the excellent agreement between the in vitro, in vivo and more recently, in-patient data.
Stochastic parallel gradient descent based adaptive optics used for high contrast imaging coronagraph
Creators: name: Dong, Bing
name: Ren, Deqing
name: Zhang, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An adaptive optics (AO) system based on stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm is proposed to reduce the speckle noises in the optical system of stellar coronagraph in order to further improve the contrast. The principle of SPGD algorithm is described briefly and a metric suitable for point source imaging optimization is given. The feasibility and good performance of SPGD algorithm is demonstrated by experimental system featured with a 140-actuators deformable mirror (DM) and a Hartmann- Shark wavefront sensor. Then the SPGD based AO is applied to a liquid crystal array (LCA) based coronagraph. The LCA can modulate the incoming light to generate a pupil apodization mask in any pattern. A circular stepped pattern is used in our preliminary experiment and the image contrast shows improvement from 10^-3 to 10^-4.5 at angular distance of 2λ/D after corrected by SPGD based AO.
Quantitative evaluation of methods to analyze motion changes in single-particle experiments [Registered Report Stage 1 Protocol]
Creators: name: Muñoz-Gil, Gorka
name: Bachimanchi, Harshith
name: Pineda, Jesus
name: Midtvedt, Benjamin
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Metzler, Ralf
name: Krapf, Diego
name: Volpe, Giovanni
name: Manzo, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Image Processing
Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules
Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning

description: ABSTRACT:  The analysis of live-cell single-molecule imaging experiments can reveal valuable information about the heterogeneity of transport processes and interactions between cell components. These characteristics are seen as motion changes in the particle trajectories. Despite the existence of multiple approaches to carry out this type of analysis, no objective assessment of these methods has been performed so far. Here, we have designed a competition to characterize and rank the performance of these methods when analyzing the dynamic behavior of single molecules. To run this competition, we have implemented a software library to simulate realistic data corresponding to widespread diffusion and interaction models, both in the form of trajectories and videos obtained in typical experimental conditions. The competition will constitute the first assessment of these methods, provide insights into the current limits of the field, foster the development of new approaches, and guide researchers to identify optimal tools for analyzing their experiments. 

ITEMS:  Stage 1 Registered Report Protocol
Further validation of strecker-type α-aminonitriles as a new class of potent human carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors: hit expansion within the public domain using differential scanning fluorimetry leads to chemotype refinement
Creators: name: Krasavin, Mikhail
name: Kalinin, Stanislav
name: Zozulya, Sergey
name: Griniukova, Anastasia
name: Borysko, Petro
name: Angeli, Andrea
name: Supuran, Claudiu T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Testing of an expanded, 800-compound set of analogues of the earlier described Strecker-type α-aminonitriles (selected from publicly available Enamine Ltd. Screening Collection) in thermal shift assay against bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA) led to further validation of this new class of inhibitors and identification a new, refined chemotype represented by inhibitors with 10-improved potency.
XTerramechanics: Integrated Simulation of Planetary Surface Missions
Creators: name: Andrade, José
name: Lindemann, Randel
name: Iagnemma, Karl
name: Trease, Brian
name: Vlahinić, Ivan
name: Senatore, Carmine
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2012

description: Are there contemporary habitats elsewhere in the solar system with necessary conditions, organic matter, water, energy, and nutrients to support or sustain life. Are there habitats that have experienced conditions similar to those on Earth when life emerged ,an abode of possible lifelong past. Mars and Europa(Jupiter’s icy moon)have been identified as the most relevant and immediate in the quest to answer these questions. Beyond Mars and Europa, every celestial body of interest appears to have its own geological history and every new discovery accentuates the overall complexity of our solar system. The exploration of Mars and Europa, and others, both remotely and in situ, is a central priority as part of NASA’s current and future goals for understanding the building of new worlds, the requirements for planetary habitats, and the workings of the solar system.
Constraining the Origin of the Jupiter Trojans
by In Situ Measurement of Volatiles, Minerals, and Ices
Creators: name: Blacksberg, Jordana
name: Eiler, John M.
Publisher: name: Keck Institute for Space Studies
Year: 2017

description: As the KISS Trojans program comes to a close, we report here on our achievements in this venture that began with a KISS workshop in 2012, “In Situ Science and Instrumentation for Primitive Bodies”. The original workshop brought together a diverse group (see Appendix B) that set out to tackle an ambitious goal – to find a way to test predictions of dynamical models (such as the Nice model, named after the founding research group in Nice, France), that have recently led to a radically new understanding of solar system formation. We aimed to do so through interdisciplinary collaboration between the planetary dynamics communities that have formulated (and largely dominated discussion of) these new ideas, and the meteoritics and cosmochemistry communities who would no doubt be involved in any in situ mission to an outer solar system body.