cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Population Redistribution among Multiple Electronic States of Molecular Nitrogen Ions in Strong Laser Fields
Creators: name: Yao, Jinping
name: Jiang, Shicheng
name: Chu, Wei
name: Zeng, Bin
name: Wu, Chengyin
name: Lu, Ruifeng
name: Li, Ziting
name: Xie, Hongqiang
name: Li, Guihua
name: Yu, Chao
name: Wang, Zhanshan
name: Jiang, Hongbing
name: Gong, Qihuang
name: Cheng, Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a combined theoretical and experimental investigation on the population distributions in the ground and excited states of tunnel ionized N2 molecules at various driver wavelengths in the near- and mid-infrared range. Our results reveal that efficient couplings (i.e., population exchanges) between the ground state and the excited states occur in strong laser fields. The couplings result in the population inversion between the ground and the excited states at the wavelengths near 800 nm, which is verified by our experiment by observing the amplification of a seed at ~391 nm. The result provides insight into the mechanism of free-space nitrogen ion lasers generated in remote air with strong femtosecond laser pulses.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
ARRIVE checklist for [Effectiveness of avocado leaf extract (Persea americana Mill.) as antihypertensive].
Creators: name: Sutiningsih, Dwi
name: Sari, Dewi Puspito
name: Adi, Mateus Sakundarno
name: Hadi, Mochamad
name: Azzahra, Nur Azizah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology

description: The ARRIVE Essential 10 and The Recommended Set of Article
 The ARRIVE Essential 10 These items are the basic minimum to include in a manuscript. Without this information, readers and reviewers cannot assess the reliability of the findings The Recommended Set  These items complement the Essential 10 and add important context to the study. Reporting the items in both sets represents best practice.
Integrability of one bilinear equation: singularity analysis and dimension
Creators: name: Sakovich, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integrability of a four-dimensional sixth-order bilinear equation associated with the exceptional affine Lie algebra $D_4^{(1)}$ is studied by means of the singularity analysis. This equation is shown to pass the Painlevé test in three distinct cases of its coefficients, exactly when the equation is effectively a three-dimensional one, equivalent to the BKP equation.
description: 8 pages; v2: one sentence corrected
Carbonic anhydrase III (Car3) is not required for fatty acid synthesis and does not protect against high-fat diet induced obesity in mice
Creators: name: Renner, Sarah W.
name: Forsberg, Lawrence J.
name: Sexton, Jonathan Z.
name: Brenman, Jay E.
name: Walker, Lauren M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Carbonic anhydrases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the reversible condensation of water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid, which spontaneously dissociates to bicarbonate. Carbonic anhydrase III (Car3) is nutritionally regulated at both the mRNA and protein level. It is highly enriched in tissues that synthesize and/or store fat: liver, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Previous characterization of Car3 knockout mice focused on mice fed standard diets, not high-fat diets that significantly alter the tissues that highly express Car3. We observed lower protein levels of Car3 in high-fat diet fed mice treated with niclosamide, a drug published to improve fatty liver symptoms in mice. However, it is unknown if Car3 is simply a biomarker reflecting lipid accumulation or whether it has a functional role in regulating lipid metabolism. We focused our in vitro studies toward metabolic pathways that require bicarbonate. To further determine the role of Car3 in metabolism, we measured de novo fatty acid synthesis with in vitro radiolabeled experiments and examined metabolic biomarkers in Car3 knockout and wild type mice fed high-fat diet. Specifically, we analyzed body weight, body composition, metabolic rate, insulin resistance, serum and tissue triglycerides. Our results indicate that Car3 is not required for de novo lipogenesis, and Car3 knockout mice fed high-fat diet do not have significant differences in responses to various diets to wild type mice.
Network MIMO with Partial Cooperation between Radar and Cellular Systems
Creators: name: Abdelhadi, Ahmed
name: Clancy, T. Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To meet the growing spectrum demands, future cellular systems are expected to share the spectrum of other services such as radar. In this paper, we consider a network multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with partial cooperation model where radar stations cooperate with cellular base stations (BS)s to deliver messages to intended mobile users. So the radar stations act as BSs in the cellular system. However, due to the high power transmitted by radar stations for detection of far targets, the cellular receivers could burnout when receiving these high radar powers. Therefore, we propose a new projection method called small singular values space projection (SSVSP) to mitigate these harmful high power and enable radar stations to collaborate with cellular base stations. In addition, we formulate the problem into a MIMO interference channel with general constraints (MIMO-IFC-GC). Finally, we provide a solution to minimize the weighted sum mean square error minimization problem (WSMMSE) with enforcing power constraints on both radar and cellular stations.
description: (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Cerebrale Bewegungsstörungen (CP) klipp und klar. Klinisches Bild und Therapieformen – Eine Handreichung für die Praxis.
Creators: name: Baumann, Sibylle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Cerebrale Bewegungsstörung
Therapieform
Masterarbeit

description: Zunächst wird das Krankheitsbild Cerebrale Bewegungsstörung (CP) vorgestellt. Ferner wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Therapieformen mit den jeweiligen Schwerpunkten gegeben («Expert*innenwissen»). Das Produkt dieser Arbeit beinhaltet die Aktualisierung vorliegender Broschüren der Vereinigung Cerebral Schweiz, welche für Angehörige, Betroffene und interessierte Fachpersonen konzipiert wurde. Neu sollen die Broschüren online als themenbezogene Merkblätter mit wichtigen Links auf der Website der Vereinigung Cerebral Schweiz aufgeschaltet werden. Die erarbeiteten Merkblätter sollen fachlich korrekt, klar und zugleich auch für Laien verständlich formuliert werden. Dazu wurde eine qualitative Umfrage zum «Alltagswissen» an einer Sonderschule durchgeführt. Es zeigt sich, dass zwischen «Alltagswissen» und «Expert*innenwissen» eine Diskrepanz besteht. Damit erfüllen die Merkblätter eine wichtige Brückenfunktion zwischen beiden Bereichen.
The Mars Microphone onboard SuperCam
Creators: name: Mimoun, D.
name: Cadu, A.
name: Murdoch, N.
name: Sournac, A.
name: Parot, Y.
name: Bernardi, P.
name: Chide, B.
name: Pilleri, P.
name: Stott, A.
name: Gillier, M.
name: Sridhar, V.
name: Maurice, S.
name: Wiens, R. C.
name: team, the SuperCam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mars Microphone is one of the five measurement techniques of SuperCam, an improved version of the ChemCam instrument that has been functioning aboard the Curiosity rover for several years. SuperCam is located on the Rover's Mast Unit, to take advantage of the unique pointing capabilities of the rover's head. In addition to being the first instrument to record sounds on Mars, the SuperCam Microphone can address several original scientific objectives: the study of sound associated with laser impacts on Martian rocks to better understand their mechanical properties, the improvement of our knowledge of atmospheric phenomena at the surface of Mars: atmospheric turbulence, convective vortices, dust lifting processes and wind interactions with the rover itself. The microphone will also help our understanding of the sound signature of the different movements of the rover: operations of the robotic arm and the mast, driving on the rough floor of Mars, monitoring of the pumps, etc ... The SuperCam Microphone was delivered to the SuperCam team in early 2019 and integrated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL, Pasadena, CA) with the complete SuperCam instrument. The Mars 2020 Mission launched in July 2020 and landed on Mars on February 18th 2021. The mission operations are expected to last until at least August 2023. The microphone is operating perfectly.
description: 40 pages
Negative nonlinear damping of a graphene mechanical resonator
Creators: name: Singh, Vibhor
name: Shevchuk, Olga
name: Blanter, Ya. M.
name: Steele, Gary A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigate the nonlinear response of a multilayer graphene resonator using a superconducting microwave cavity to detect its motion. The radiation pressure force is used to drive the mechanical resonator in an optomechanically induced transparency configuration. By varying the amplitudes of drive and probe tones, the mechanical resonator can be brought into a nonlinear limit. Using the calibration of the optomechanical coupling, we quantify the mechanical Duffing nonlinearity. By increasing the drive force, we observe a decrease in the mechanical dissipation rate at large amplitudes, suggesting a negative nonlinear damping mechanism in the graphene resonator. Increasing the optomechanical backaction, we observe a nonlinear regime not described by a Duffing response that includes new instabilities of the mechanical response.
Competitive Driving of Autonomous Vehicles
Creators: name: Hartmann, Gabriel
name: Shiller, Zvi
name: Azaria, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes Ariel Team's autonomous racing controller for the Indy Autonomous Challenge (IAC) simulation race. IAC is the first multi-vehicle autonomous head-to-head competition, reaching speeds of 300 km/h along an oval track, modeled after the Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS). Our racing controller attempts to maximize progress along the track while avoiding collisions with opponent vehicles and obeying the race rules. To this end, the racing controller first computes a race line offline. Then, it repeatedly computes online a small set of dynamically feasible maneuver candidates, each tested for collision with the opponent vehicles. Finally, it selects the maneuver that maximizes progress along the track, taking into account the race line. The maneuver candidates, as well as the predicted trajectories of the opponent vehicles, are approximated using a point mass model. Despite the simplicity of this racing controller, it managed to drive competitively and with no collision with any of the opponent vehicles in the IAC final simulation race.
description: 12 pages
Deep Policies for Online Bipartite Matching: A Reinforcement Learning Approach
Creators: name: Alomrani, Mohammad Ali
name: Moravej, Reza
name: Khalil, Elias B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The challenge in the widely applicable online matching problem lies in making irrevocable assignments while there is uncertainty about future inputs. Most theoretically-grounded policies are myopic or greedy in nature. In real-world applications where the matching process is repeated on a regular basis, the underlying data distribution can be leveraged for better decision-making. We present an end-to-end Reinforcement Learning framework for deriving better matching policies based on trial-and-error on historical data. We devise a set of neural network architectures, design feature representations, and empirically evaluate them across two online matching problems: Edge-Weighted Online Bipartite Matching and Online Submodular Bipartite Matching. We show that most of the learning approaches perform consistently better than classical baseline algorithms on four synthetic and real-world datasets. On average, our proposed models improve the matching quality by 3--10\% on a variety of synthetic and real-world datasets. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/lyeskhalil/CORL.
description: https://openreview.net/forum?id=mbwm7NdkpO
Non-Gaussian displacement distributions in models of heterogeneous active particle dynamics
Creators: name: Lemaitre, Elisabeth
name: Sokolov, Igor M.
name: Metzler, Ralf
name: Chechkin, Aleksei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the effect of randomly distributed diffusivities and speeds in two models for active particle dynamics with active and passive fluctuations. We demonstrate how non-Gaussian displacement distributions emerge in these models in the long time limit, including Cauchy-type and exponential (Laplace) shapes. Notably the resulting shapes of the displacement distributions with distributed diffusivities for the active models considered here are in striking contrast to passive diffusion models. For the active motion models our discussion points out the differences between active- and passive-noise. Specifically, we demonstrate that the case with active-noise is in nice agreement with measured data for the displacement distribution of social amoeba.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures, IOP LaTeX
Characteristics and outcomes of older HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Malawi: A retrospective observation cohort study
Creators: name: Banda, Rabecca
name: Ng'ambi, Wingston
name: Tweya, Hannock
name: Makwinja, Agness
name: Nthala, Omisher
name: Feldacker, Caryl
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Heller, Tom
name: Gugsa, Salem
name: Chiwoko, Jane
name: Kalulu, Mike
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: To estimate patients enrolling on antiretroviral therapy (ART) over time; describe trends in baseline characteristics; and compare immunological response, loss to follow-up (LTFU), and mortality by three age groups (25–39, 40–49 and ≥50 years).
Wearables At Work and Connected Worker Platforms
Creators: name: Patel, Vishal
name: Chesmore, Austin
name: Legner, Christopher
name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)
Respiratory diseases
Exercise physiology
Motor control
Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified
Biomechanics
Digital electronic devices
Analog electronics and interfaces
Electronic sensors
Industrial electronics
Microelectronics
Radio frequency engineering
Quantum engineering systems (incl. computing and communications)
Intelligent robotics
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Modelling and simulation
Natural language processing
Speech recognition

description: The multitude of workplaces come with their inherent distractions, risks, and dangers. Timely identification and remediation of the potential risk factors is critical for the safety, health, and productivity of workers. For this purpose, employers’ resort to key enabling technologies (KETs) to monitor, manage, and optimize their workplace assets (e.g., tools, machines, inventory, safety equipment, supporting technologies, and workers). On one hand, workplace wearables (i.e., smart, on-body accessories, and personal protective equipment [PPE]) track the activities, behavior and body status of individual workers. On the other hand, connected worker solutions (i.e., intelligent computing, data analytics, and storage platforms) serve as the central hub for extracting contextual information from distributed networks of workplace wearables for better workflow organization, asset management, and predictive maintenance. Our objective here is to provide a comprehensive review of commercial wearables and connected worker solutions for occupational safety, health, and productivity. Our intent is to cover workplace technologies that are already in use or have the potential for use at different worksites.
Blazar origin of some IceCube events
Creators: name: Miranda, Luis Salvador
name: de León, Alberto Rosales
name: Sahu, Sarira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently ANTARES collaboration presented a time dependent analysis to a selected number of flaring blazars to look for upward going muon events produced from the charge current interaction of the muon neutrinos. We use the same list of flaring blazars to look for possible positional correlation with the IceCube neutrino events. In the context of photohadronic model we propose that the neutrinos are produced within the nuclear region of the blazar where Fermi accelerated high energy protons interact with the background synchrotron/SSC photons. Although we found that some objects from the ANTARES list are within the error circles of few IceCube events, the statistical analysis shows that none of these sources have a significant correlation.
description: Latex file, 6 pages, two columns, 1 Figure
Characteristics of HIV-Infected Children at Enrollment into Care and at Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Central Africa
Creators: name: Anastos, Kathryn
name: Nduwimana, Martin
name: Nash, Denis
name: Adedimeji, Adebola
name: Yotebieng, Marcel
name: Sinayobye, Jean D'Amour
name: Edmonds, Andrew
name: Lelo, Patricia
name: Shi, Qiuhu
name: Hoover, Donald
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) regularly updating guidelines to recommend earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children, timely enrollment into care and initiation of ART in sub-Saharan Africa in children lags behind that of adults. The impact of implementing increasingly less restrictive ART guidelines on ART initiation in Central Africa has not been described.
Gravitational wave inference on a numerical-relativity simulation of a black hole merger beyond general relativity
Creators: name: Okounkova, Maria
name: Isi, Maximiliano
name: Chatziioannou, Katerina
name: Farr, Will M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply common gravitational wave inference procedures on binary black hole merger waveforms beyond general relativity. We consider dynamical Chern-Simons gravity, a modified theory of gravity with origins in string theory and loop quantum gravity. This theory introduces an additional parameter $\ell$, corresponding to the length-scale below which beyond-general-relativity effects become important. We simulate data based on numerical relativity waveforms produced under an approximation to this theory, which differ from those of general relativity in the strongly nonlinear merger regime. We consider a system with parameters similar to GW150914 with different values of $\ell$ and signal-to-noise ratios. We perform two analyses of the simulated data. The first is a template-based analysis that uses waveforms derived under general relativity and allows us to identify degeneracies between the two waveform morphologies. The second is a morphology-independent analysis based on BayesWave that does not assume that the signal is consistent with general relativity. The BayesWave analysis faithfully reconstructs the simulated signals. However, waveform models derived under general relativity are unable to fully mimic the simulated modified-gravity signals and such a deviation would be identifiable with existing inference tools. Depending on the magnitude of the deviation, we find that the templated analysis can under perform the morphology-independent analysis in fully recovering simulated beyond-GR waveforms even for achievable signal-to-noise ratios $\gtrsim 20{-}30$.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Mitigating algorithmic errors in quantum optimization through energy extrapolation
Creators: name: Cao, Chenfeng
name: Yu, Yunlong
name: Wu, Zipeng
name: Shannon, Nic
name: Zeng, Bei
name: Joynt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum optimization algorithms offer a promising route to finding the ground states of target Hamiltonians on near-term quantum devices. None the less, it remains necessary to limit the evolution time and circuit depth as much as possible, since otherwise decoherence will degrade the computation. And even where this is done, there always exists a non-negligible error in estimates of the ground state energy. Here we present a scalable extrapolation approach to mitigating this error, which significantly improves estimates obtained using three of the most popular optimization algorithms: quantum annealing (QA), the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), and quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE), at fixed evolution time or circuit depth. The approach is based on extrapolating the annealing time to infinity, or the variance of estimates to zero. The method is reasonably robust against noise, and for Hamiltonians which only involve few-body interactions, the additional computational overhead is an increase in the number of measurements by a constant factor. Analytic derivations are provided for the quadratic convergence of estimates of energy as a function of time in QA, and the linear convergence of estimates as a function of variance in all three algorithms. We have verified the validity of these approaches through both numerical simulation and experiments on an IBM quantum computer. This work suggests a promising new way to enhance near-term quantum computing through classical post-processing.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Analysis of temporal structure of laser chaos by Allan variance
Creators: name: Asuke, Naoki
name: Chauvet, Nicolas
name: Röhm, André
name: Kanno, Kazutaka
name: Uchida, Atsushi
name: Niiyama, Tomoaki
name: Sunada, Satoshi
name: Horisaki, Ryoichi
name: Naruse, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Allan variance has been widely utilized in evaluating the stability of the time series generated by atomic clocks and lasers, in time regimes ranging from short to extremely long. This multi-scale examination capability of the Allan variance may also be beneficial in evaluating the chaotic oscillating dynamics of semiconductor lasers, not just for conventional phase stability analysis purposes. Here we demonstrate Allan variance analysis of the complex time series generated by a semiconductor laser with delayed feedback, including low-frequency fluctuations (LFFs), which exhibit both fast and slow dynamics. Whereas the detection of LFFs is not easy with the conventional power spectrum analysis method in the low-frequency regime, we show that the Allan variance approach clearly captured the appearance of multiple time-scale dynamics, like LFFs. This study demonstrates that Allan variance can help in understanding and characterizing versatile laser dynamics, including LFFs, which involve dynamics spanning a wide range of time scales.
Comparison of the adolescent and adult mouse prefrontal cortex proteome
Creators: name: Holstein, Sarah E.
name: Hodge, Clyde W.
name: Agoglia, Abigail E.
name: Burrus, Brainard M.
name: Spanos, Marina
name: Small, Amanda T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by unique behavioral phenotypes (increased novelty seeking, risk taking, sociability and impulsivity) and increased risk for destructive behaviors, impaired decision making and psychiatric illness. Adaptive and maladaptive adolescent traits have been associated with development of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region that mediates regulatory control of behavior. However, the molecular changes that underlie brain development and behavioral vulnerability have not been fully characterized. Using high-throughput 2D DIGE spot profiling with identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we identified 62 spots in the PFC that exhibited age-dependent differences in expression. Identified proteins were associated with diverse cellular functions, including intracellular signaling, synaptic plasticity, cellular organization and metabolism. Separate Western blot analyses confirmed age-related changes in DPYSL2, DNM1, STXBP1 and CFL1 in the mPFC and expanded these findings to the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, motor cortex, amygdala and ventral tegmental area. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified functional interaction networks enriched with proteins identified in the proteomics screen, linking age-related alterations in protein expression to cellular assembly and development, cell signaling and behavior, and psychiatric illness. These results provide insight into potential molecular components of adolescent cortical development, implicating structural processes that begin during embryonic development as well as plastic adaptations in signaling that may work in concert to bring the cortex, and other brain regions, into maturity.
title: Gang membership: Behavioural, social psychological characteristics
Creators: name: Alleyne, Emma Kirsten Abiodun
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The existence of gangs can no longer be regarded as an urban myth in Europe (Klein, Kerner, Maxson, & Weitekamp, 2001). There is a growth in literature on the presence of gangs in metropolitan areas across the UK (e.g. Bradshaw, 2005; Everard, 2006; Shropshire & McFarquhar, 2002). To date, gang research has been primarily criminological and sociological in nature (Bennett & Holloway, 2004; Wood & Alleyne, 2010), and since criminological theories pay scant attention to the social psychological processes involved in joining a gang (Thornberry, Krohn, Lizotte, Smith, & Tobin, 2003) there is a real need to understand more about the psychology of gang involvement (Wood & Alleyne, 2010). To that end, this thesis sheds light on the psychological processes that underpin gang membership and gang- related crime. While the purpose of this thesis, is not to test theory, Thornberry and colleagues’ (2003) Interactional Theory was used to improve understanding and make educated inferences about the relationships between gang involvement and its correlates. Four studies were conducted concurrently. The first study laid the foundation by illustrating the social context in which gangs manifest and sustain themselves. Study two showed how attitudes, perceptions, and cognitions interact with varying levels of gang involvement providing insight into the development of gang members. Study three demonstrated how psychological processes work hand- in-hand with social factors to reinforce the gang culture. Finally, study four addressed the behavioural outcome of gang involvement, gang-related crime, by examining its predictors and correlates. These four studies are discussed in the context of theory development, and prevention/intervention programmes and policy. In summary, the findings of this thesis expand on the current literature by uniquely examining the role of psychological processes that elaborate on why young people become involved in gangs. These findings also highlight areas for future research.
Constrained multi-agent ergodic area surveying control based on finite element approximation of the potential field
Creators: name: Ivić, Stefan
name: Sikirica, Ante
name: Crnković, Bojan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Heat Equation Driven Area Coverage (HEDAC) is a state-of-the-art multi-agent ergodic motion control guided by a gradient of a potential field. A finite element method is hereby implemented to obtain a solution of the Helmholtz partial differential equation, which models the potential field for surveying motion control. This allows us to survey arbitrarily shaped domains and to include obstacles in an elegant and robust manner intrinsic to HEDAC's fundamental idea. For a simple kinematic motion, the obstacles and boundary avoidance constraints are successfully handled by directing the agent motion with the gradient of the potential. However, including additional constraints, such as the minimal clearance distance from stationary and moving obstacles and the minimal path curvature radius, requires further alternations of the control algorithm. We introduce a relatively simple yet robust approach for handling these constraints by formulating a straightforward optimization problem based on collision-free escape route maneuvers. This approach provides a guaranteed collision avoidance mechanism while being computationally inexpensive as a result of the optimization problem partitioning. The proposed motion control is evaluated in three realistic surveying scenarios simulations, showing the effectiveness of the surveying and the robustness of the control algorithm. Furthermore, potential maneuvering difficulties due to improperly defined surveying scenarios are highlighted and we provide guidelines on how to overpass them. The results are promising and indicate real-world applicability of the proposed constrained multi-agent motion control for autonomous surveying and potentially other HEDAC utilizations.
description: Revised manuscript
Molecular characterization and improved diagnostics of Nocardia strains isolated over the last two decades at a German tertiary care center
Creators: name: Chhatwal, Patrick
name: Woltemate, Sabrina
name: Ziesing, Stefan
name: Welte, Tobias
name: Schlüter, Dirk
name: Vital, Marius
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: Nocardia
whole genome sequencing
resistance mechanisms
molecular diagnostics

description: Nocardiosis is a rare but life-threatening infection caused by aerobic Actinomycetes of the genus Nocardia particularly affecting immunocompromised hosts. The identification of Nocardia ssp. and antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard microbiological methods are incomplete and molecular techniques may improve diagnostics. We studied 39 Nocardia strains isolated from 33 patients between 2000 and 2018. Twenty-four patients (72.7 %) were immunocompromised. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a broad taxonomic range of those isolates spanning 13 different species, including four strains that belonged to three novel species based on average nucleotide identity (ANI < 95 % with currently available genome sequences). 16S rRNA gene analyses mirrored WGS results. Conventional MALDI-TOF analysis correctly identified 29 isolates at the species level (74.4 %). Our advanced protocol with formic acid and acetonitrile treatment increased identification to 35 isolates (89.7 %). Antibiotic resistance was tested using both a microdilution method and MIC strip testing. Results were in good concordance with an overall trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) resistance rate of 13.5 %. WGS of a SXT resistant N. farcinica isolate showed a deletion of several amino acids in a homolog of dihydropteroate synthase (FolP2) that was not seen in sensitive members of this species. Diversity of Nocardia isolates was high and involved many different species, suggesting that this taxon has broadly distributed mechanisms for infecting individuals. Widely applicable diagnostic methods including MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene analyses correctly identified most strains. WGS additionally revealed molecular insights into SXT resistance mechanisms of clinical Nocardia isolates highlighting the potential application of (meta)genomic-based diagnostics in the future.
description: EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc851; ISSN 1611-2156
An Optimal Resource Allocation with Frequency Reuse in Cellular Networks
Creators: name: Abdelhadi, Ahmed
name: Clancy, T. Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for optimal resource allocation with frequency reuse for users with elastic and inelastic traffic in cellular networks. In our model, we represent users' applications running on different user equipments (UE)s by logarithmic and sigmoid utility functions. We applied utility proportional fairness allocation policy, i.e. the resources are allocated among users with fairness in utility percentage of the application running on each mobile station. Our objective is to allocate the cellular system resources to mobile users optimally from a multi-cell network. In our model, a minimum quality-of-service (QoS) is guaranteed to every user subscribing for the mobile service with priority given to users with real-time applications. We show that the novel resource allocation optimization problem with frequency reuse is convex and therefore the optimal solution is tractable. We present a distributed algorithm to allocate the resources optimally from Mobility Management Entity (MME) to base stations (BS)s sectors. Finally, we present the simulation results for the performance of our rate allocation algorithm.
description: (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Gravitational lensing in the presence of plasma scattering with application to Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
name: Beniamini, Paz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe how gravitational lensing of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is affected by a plasma screen in the vicinity of the lens or somewhere between the source and the observer. Wave passage through a turbulent medium affects gravitational image magnification, lensing probability (particularly for strong magnification events), and the time delay between images. The magnification is suppressed because of the broadening of the angular size of the source due to scattering by the plasma. The time delay between images is modified as the result of different dispersion measure (DM) along photon trajectories for different images. Each of the image lightcurve is also broadened due to wave scattering so that the images could have distinct temporal profiles. The first two effects are most severe for stellar and sub-stellar mass lens, and the last one (scatter broadening) for lenses and plasma screens at cosmological distances from the source/observer. This could limit the use of FRBs to measure their cosmic abundance. On the other hand, when the time delay between images is large, such that the lightcurve of a transient source has two or more well separated peaks, the different DMs along the wave paths of different images can probe density fluctuations in the IGM on scales $\lesssim 10^{-6}$ rad and explore the patchy reionization history of the universe using lensed FRBs at high redshifts. Different rotation measure (RM) along two image paths can convert linearly polarized radiation from a source to partial circular polarization.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Scalar field as a perfect fluid: thermodynamics of minimally coupled scalars and Einstein frame scalar-tensor gravity
Creators: name: Faraoni, Valerio
name: Giardino, Serena
name: Giusti, Andrea
name: Vanderwee, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the analogy between a minimally coupled scalar field in general relativity and a perfect fluid, correcting previous identifications of effective temperature and chemical potential. This provides a useful complementary picture for the first-order thermodynamics of scalar-tensor gravity, paving the way for the Einstein frame formulation (which eluded previous attempts) and raises interesting questions to further develop the analogy.
description: 19 pages, latex
Periodically, Quasi-periodically, and Randomly Driven Conformal Field Theories (II): Furstenberg's Theorem and Exceptions to Heating Phases
Creators: name: Wen, Xueda
name: Gu, Yingfei
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
name: Fan, Ruihua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this sequel (to [Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 023044(2021)], arXiv:2006.10072), we study randomly driven $(1+1)$ dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs), a family of quantum many-body systems with soluble non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. The sequence of driving Hamiltonians is drawn from an independent and identically distributed random ensemble. At each driving step, the deformed Hamiltonian only involves the energy-momentum density spatially modulated at a single wavelength and therefore induces a Möbius transformation on the complex coordinates. The non-equilibrium dynamics is then determined by the corresponding sequence of Möbius transformations, from which the Lyapunov exponent $λ_L$ is defined. We use Furstenberg's theorem to classify the dynamical phases and show that except for a few \emph{exceptional points} that do not satisfy Furstenberg's criteria, the random drivings always lead to a heating phase with the total energy growing exponentially in the number of driving steps $n$ and the subsystem entanglement entropy growing linearly in $n$ with a slope proportional to central charge $c$ and the Lyapunov exponent $λ_L$. On the contrary, the subsystem entanglement entropy at an exceptional point could grow as $\sqrt{n}$ while the total energy remains to grow exponentially. In addition, we show that the distributions of the operator evolution and the energy density peaks are also useful characterizations to distinguish the heating phase from the exceptional points: the heating phase has both distributions to be continuous, while the exceptional points could support finite convex combinations of Dirac measures depending on their specific type. In the end, we compare the field theory results with the lattice model calculations for both the entanglement and energy evolution and find remarkably good agreement.
description: 66 pages, 1 table, many figures; This is part II on randomly driven CFTs
title: Lymphonodale Metastasierung einer testikulären IGCNU
Creators: name: Hach, Carolin Eva
name: Kühn, Malte
name: Buse, Stephan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: In den vergangenen Jahren zeigte die Inzidenz maligner Keimzelltumore des Hodens (TGCT) in den Industrienationen einen stetigen Anstieg. Pathogenetisch liegt eine Differenzierungsstörung von Keimzellen vor, welche eine maligne Transformation erfahren und zur Entstehung testikulärer[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Wheeler-DeWitt states of the AdS-Schwarzschild interior
Creators: name: Hartnoll, Sean A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the planar AdS-Schwarzschild interior in a minisuperspace approximation involving the volume and spatial anisotropy of the interior. A Gaussian wavepacket is constructed that is peaked on the classical interior solution. Simple observables are computed using this wavepacket, demonstrating the freedom to a choose a relational notion of `clock' in the interior and characterizing the approach to the spacelike singularity. The Wheeler-DeWitt equation may be extended out through the horizon, where it describes the holographic renormalization group flow of the black hole exterior. This amounts to the Hamilton-Jacobi evolution of the metric component $g_{tt}$ from positive interior values to negative exterior values. The interior Gaussian wavepacket is shown to evolve into the Lorentizan partition function of the boundary conformal field theory over a microcanonical energy window.
description: 31 pages. 1 figure. v2 minor improvements. v3 minor improvements
Undoing the effect of loss on quantum entanglement
Creators: name: Ulanov, Alexander E.
name: Fedorov, Ilya A.
name: Pushkina, Anastasia A.
name: Kurochkin, Yury V.
name: Ralph, Timothy C.
name: Lvovsky, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement distillation is a process via which the strength and purity of quantum entanglement can be increased probabilistically. It is a key step in many quantum communication and computation protocols. In particular, entanglement distillation is a necessary component of the quantum repeater, a device which counters the degradation of entanglement that inevitably occurs due to losses in a communication line. Here we report an experiment on distilling the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) state of light, the workhorse of continuous-variable entanglement, using the technique of noiseless amplification. In contrast to previous implementations, the entanglement enhancement factor achievable by our technique is not fundamentally limited and permits recovering an EPR state with a macroscopic level of entanglement no matter how low the initial entanglement or how high the loss may be. In particular, we recover the original level of entanglement after one of the EPR modes has passed through a channel with a loss factor of 20. The level of entanglement in our distilled state is higher than that achievable by direct transmission of any state through a similar loss channel. This is a key bench-marking step towards the realization of a practical continuous-variable quantum repeater and other CV quantum protocols.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Veränderung der Wahrnehmung personaler und umgebungsbezogener Ressourcen von Kindern mit herausforderndem Verhalten im Alter von acht bis zwölf Jahren durch Multifamilienarbeit an der Regelschule. Eine Untersuchung der Mehrfamilienarbeit an einem Beispiel im Kanton Zürich
Creators: name: Holzer, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
herausforderndes Verhalten
Multifamilienarbeit
Masterarbeit
Ressource

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit untersucht den Einfluss von Multifamilienarbeit (MFA) auf die Wahrnehmung von personalen und umgebungsbezogenen Ressourcen bei Kindern von 8 – 12 Jahren. Als Theoriebezug zur MFA wurden die systemische Sichtweise und Therapie berücksichtigt, sowie zehn relevante personale und umgebungsbezogene Ressourcen nach Lohaus und Nussbeck aufgearbeitet. Das Ressourcenempfinden von fünf Kindern wird mit dem Fragebogen zu Ressourcen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (FRKJ 8-16) mittels Messwiederholungsdesign an drei Zeitpunkten erhoben. Zusätzlich werden Feldnotizen an sechs MFA-Sitzungen gemacht. Quantitativ kann kein statistisch signifikanter Einfluss der MFA auf die Ressourcenwahrnehmung festgestellt werden. Es zeigen sich aber geringe bis hohe Effektstärken der Intervention MFA auf die Ressourcenwahrnehmung der zehn erhobenen Ressourcen. Qualitativ wird ersichtlich, dass während den Sitzungen in unterschiedlicher Frequenz an allen zehn Ressourcen gearbeitet wurde. Abschliessend folgt ein Ausblick bezüglich Berufspraxis und weiterer Forschung.
Contraceptive uptake after training community health workers in couples counseling: A cluster randomized trial
Creators: name: Mwale, Mwawi
name: Kumvula, Chrissy
name: Kopp, Dawn
name: Lemani, Clara
name: Tang, Jennifer H.
name: Chikosi, Loyce
name: Phiri, Billy
name: Rosenberg, Nora E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Young women in Malawi face many challenges in accessing family planning (FP), including distance to the health facility and partner disapproval. Our primary objective was to assess if training HSAs in couples counseling would increase modern FP uptake among young women.
title: Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom der Prostata
Creators: name: Kirkaite, Agne
name: Hanschke, Stephan Wolfgang
name: Truß, Michael C.
name: Lorenzen, Johann
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Ein primäres Lymphom der Prostata als auch maligne Metastasen in der Prostata sind selten und meist als Einzelfälle veröffentlicht. Nur 0.1% aller lymphoproliferativen Krankheiten sind primäre Lymphome der Prostata. Kasuistik: Ein 76-jähriger Patient stellte[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie