cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CAMINHO DE APRENDIZ
Creators: name: Pavao Santana, Jose Claudio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: CAMINHO DE APRENDIZ

setembro 16, 2023 por a pena do pavão, publicado em crônicas, opinião, poesia

Ano 11 – vol. 09 – n. 57/2023 – https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8360156

O dia não era um qualquer para um jovem às vésperas de completar seus vinte anos. Era apenas o início de um caminhar.
Latin Majuscule Writing with semicursive hand: P.Herc. 215
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 55
description: List of Herculaneum papyri written with a majuscule semicursive; drawing of the letters; for some papyri indication of the writing angle; notes with a different (pink) ink - Papyrological description of P.Herc. 215 (11 frames) and excerpts from D. Bassi, Catalogo descrittivo dei papiri ercolanesi, "RIFC" 36 (1908), 477-501. Palaeographic description of the writing and drawings of the letters (also on tracing paper). Transcription with annotations and drawing of the fragments; correction and later addings with a different ink (light green); in the upper right corner further indications added with different inks: 'micro'(lighter pink ink); 'Vu 54' (darker pink ink). Photographs of the papyrus (sometimes with the date or with Marichal's indication of the number of 'bobin') and of the drawings; little piece of a photographic negative. - The last page of the folder contains the following indication, in the form of a title: 342, recopié (the latter written with a different pink ink).
description: Source: 4MAR_9_2_5-15.2
description: Relation: 4MAR_42_4-4, 4MAR_42_4-7
description: created: n.d., 1957
Mastomys coucha
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Mastomys
Mastomys coucha

description: 603.
Southern African Multtimammate Mouse
Mastomys coucha
French: Mastomys austral / German: Sldliche Vielzitzenmaus / Spanish: Raton multimamas de Africa meridional
Other common names: Southern African Mastomys
Taxonomy. Mus coucha A. Smith, 1834, Ku- ruman, between Orange River and Tropic of Capricorn, Northern Cape Province, South Africa.
Mastomys coucha is a cryptic species that can be distinguished chromosomally but not morphometrically from M. natalensis. Monotypic.
Distribution. Endemic to S Africa S ofthe Zambezi River (NW Namibia, and from C Zimbabwe S to SC South Africa); it prob-
ably occurs in E & S Botswana.
Descriptive notes. Head-body 82-119 mm, tail 70-107 mm, ear 13-20 mm, hindfoot 19-24 mm; weight 22-40 g. Fur of the Southern African Multimammate Mouse is darkish gray (young) to rusty brown (old) above and dark gray below. Tail is long (c.100% of head-body length) and scaly, dark above and below. Forefeet and hindfeet are whitish. Females have twelve pairs of nipples. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 36 and FN = 54.
Habitat. Grasslands, dry savannas, cultivated fields, and human habitations, generally receiving less than 800 mm/year. The Southern African Multimammate Mouse is common in disturbed habitats.
Food and Feeding. No information.
Breeding. Breeding can be seasonal or continuous. Reproduction is triggered by chemicals in green grasses. Gestation lasts 21-22 days; mean littersizes are 8-10 young. Activity patterns. The Southern African Multimammate Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
Bibliography. Avenant (1996), Coetzee (1965), Granjon et al. (1997), Happold (2013a), Linn (1991), Meester (1960), Monadjem et al. (2015), Venturi et al. (2003).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 807, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
Physetopoda portschinskii Radoszkowski 1888
Creators: name: Ljubomirov, Toshko
name: Ghahari, Hassan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Physetopoda
Physetopoda portschinskii

description: Physetopoda portschinskii (Radoszkowski, 1888)
Smicromyrme portschinskii: Lelej 1978: 81 (3, Iran).
Physetopoda portschinskii: Lelej & Osten 2004: 257 (3, Hormozgan, Sistan & Baluchestan); Lelej et al. 2008: 3 (Hormozgan, Ilam, Sistan & Baluchestan (erroneously presented in province Kerman based on data from Lelej & Osten 2004)).
Distribution. Russia (South European territory), Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (south-west), Iran (Hormozgan, Ilam, Sistan & Baluchestan) (Fig. 11 C).
description: Published as part of Ljubomirov, Toshko & Ghahari, Hassan, 2012, An annotated checklist of Mutillidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Iran, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3449 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214365
Parapolybia albida Saito-Morooka, Nguyen & Kojima, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Saito-Morooka, Fuki
name: Nguyen, Lien T. P.
name: Kojima, Jun-Ichi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Parapolybia
Parapolybia albida

description: Parapolybia albida Saito-Morooka, Nguyen & Kojima, sp. nov.
(Figs 70–75)
Diagnosis. This species is similar in the external morphology with P. nana sp. nov., but can be easily distinguished from other species of the P. i nd i c a species-group by the presence of paired dark brown spots on female clypeus (Fig. 70) and ivory white body ground color.
Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♀, VIETNAM: Thanh My, Thanh Chuong, Nghe An Prov., 28.v.2008, L.T.P. Nguyen [IEBR]. PARATYPES: VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc: 1 ♀ [IEBR], Ngoc Thanh, Me Linh, 13–14.v.2013, L.T.P. Nguyen; Lang Son: 1 ♀ [IEBR / IUNH], Na Tan, Binh Gia, 3.vi.2014, L.T.P. Nguyen; Hai Phong: 2 ♀ [IEBR], Cat Ba, Cat Hai, 20°47'36''N, 106°59'25''E, 25.vii.2013, L.T.P. Nguyen & D.D. Nguyen; Nahe An: 6 ♀ [IEBR], same collection data as holotype.
Description. FEMALE. Body length 13.5 mm; fore wing length 12.5 mm. Head in frontal view slightly wider than high (Fig. 71). Gena narrow, invisible in frontal view of head (Fig. 71), in lateral view 0.7 × as wide as eye (Fig. 72). Ocelli close to each other (Fig. 73); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli rarely longer than half of Od; POD less than Od; anterior ocellus diameter 0.2 mm, as large as Od; OOD 1.5 × as large as Od. T1 slender (about 3.5 mm long, Figs 74–75), posteriorly weakly swollen, 3.0 × longer than the maximum height, 3.0 × as long as its own maximum width.
Color. Ground color ivory white. Following parts brown to dark brown: scape and pedicel dorsally, anterior margin of clypeus, paired spots on clypeus (Fig. 70), teeth of mandible, narrow U-shaped mark in suproclypeal area, frons (light brown), vertex, dosal area of pronotal collar, narrow band along posterodorsal margin of pronotum, median furrow of mesopleuron, mesoscutum except for paired longitudinal yellow bands, anterior margin, median line and dorsolateral lines of propodeum, dorsal side and posterior margin of T1, margin and arrow-shaped mark on T2, margin and posteromedial area of T3–T6, posterior margin and posteromedial spot of S2–S5. Legs grey; dorsal half of mid and hind trochanters, dorsobasal one-third of hind femur, tarsi, brown to dark brown. Wings semi-hyaline, pale brown.
MALE. Unknown.
Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective albidus, with reference to the body coloration.
Distribution. Vietnam (North Vietnam).
description: Published as part of Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Nguyen, Lien T. P. & Kojima, Jun-Ichi, 2015, Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia, pp. 215-235 in Zootaxa 3947 (2) on page 232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/232726
Physetopoda unicincta Lucas 1849
Creators: name: Ljubomirov, Toshko
name: Ghahari, Hassan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Physetopoda
Physetopoda unicincta

description: Physetopoda unicincta (Lucas, 1849)
Smicromyrme montana var. unicincta: Skorikov 1935: 320 (Ƥ, Golestan).
Distribution. Iran (Golestan) (Fig. 12 A), Algeria.
description: Published as part of Ljubomirov, Toshko & Ghahari, Hassan, 2012, An annotated checklist of Mutillidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Iran, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3449 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214365
Mastomys shortridgeri
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Mastomys
Mastomys shortridgeri

description: 604.
Shortridge’s Multimammate Mouse
Mastomys shortridgeri
French: Mastomys de Shortridge / German: Shortrridge-Vielzitzenmaus / Spanish: Raton multimamas de Shortridge
Other common names: Shortridge’s Mastomys
Taxonomy. Myomys shortridgei St. Leger, 1933, Okavango-Omatako junction, Grootfontein District, northern Namibia.
Mastomys shortridger is distinguished from M. natalensis based on chromosomal grounds and cytochrome-b sequences, but it issimilar to M. coucha based on chromosomal and molecular grounds. Monotypic.
Distribution. Scattered localities in S & E Angola and along Okavango River in Caprivi Strip of Namibia and extreme NW
Botswana.
Descriptive notes. Head-body 103-137 mm, tail 86-118 mm, ear 17-20 mm, hindfoot 23-26 mm; weight 35-74 g. Fur of Shortridge’s Multimammate Mouse is darkish gray above and gray below. Tail is long (c.88% of head-body length), dark above and below. Upper surfaces offeet are white. Females may have eight or ten pairs of nipples (contrast ing descriptionsin the literature). Chromosomal complement is 2n = 36 and FN = 52-56.
Habitat. Distinctly swampy marshes and riverbanks.
Food and Feeding. No information.
Breeding. No information.
Activity patterns. Shortridge’s Multimammate Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
Bibliography. Eiseb (2015), Happold (2013a), Monadjem et al. (2015), Shortridge (1934a, 1934b).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 807, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
Research Data Management Introduction Training Part 1
Creators: name: Özlem ÖZKAN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Data Management
RDM unit services and support
What is data?
FAIR data
Data reuse
Reproducibility
Replicability
Reproducibility crisis

description: OUTLINE

Part 1: Overview of the RDM unit services and support  

What is Research Data Management (RDM)?

Why RDM?

Part 2: What is data?    

Data types

Primary data 

Secondary data         

Published data          

Metadata

Personal and Sensitive data  

Definitions

Direct and Indirect Identifiers

Part 3: FAIR data      

Findable       

Accessible   

Interoperable

Reusable       

Part 4: Data reuse and reproducibility

Definitions: Reuse, Replicate & Reproduce

Replicability and reproducibility crisis

 

Part 2: Özlem ÖZKAN. (2022, January 27). Research Data Management Introduction Training Part 2. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5910453
Hippopodina adunca Tilbrook 2006
Creators: name: Dick, Matthew H.
name: Ngai, Nguyen Danh
name: Doan, Hung Dinh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Hippopodinidae
Hippopodina
Hippopodina adunca

description: Hippopodina adunca Tilbrook, 2006
(Fig. 10A)
Hippopodina adunca Tilbrook, 2006, p. 248, pl. 54C, D, and synonyms therein.
Hippopodina adunca: Dick & Grischenko 2017, p. 211, fig. 24a, b.
Material examined. VNMN-0239 (CT-17), on SEM stub; VNMN-0240, two colony fragments.
Measurements. AzL, 0.73–1.00 (0.850 ± 0.080); AzW, 0.56–0.84 (0.670 ± 0.079); OrL, 0.24–0.26 (0.248 ± 0.008); OrW, 0.19–0.24 (0.213 ± 0.015) (n = 15, 1). OrL, ooeciate zooid, 0.224; OrW, ooeciate zooid, 0.263 (n = 1). OvL, 0.602; OvW, 0.619 (n = 1).
Description. Colony encrusting, sheet-like, unilaminar but occasionally bilaminar due to self-overgrowth.
Zooids large, rectangular, delineated by groove. Frontal wall convex, perforated by numerous tiny pseudopores. Orifice hoof-shaped; poster same width as anter or slightly narrower, separated by sharp condyles; proximal margin of orifice straight or markedly concave. Orifices dimorphic, with those of ooecium-bearing zooids wider than those of zooids lacking ooecia.
Adventitious avicularia usually paired, sometimes single; each with large chamber lateral to orifice, rostrum long, tapering, directed distomedially and slightly curving around distal end of orifice, crossbar complete.
Ooecium prominent, resting on frontal wall of next-distal zooid; circular in outline, perforated over entire surface with tiny pseudopores. Spines lacking.
Remarks. The large avicularia having setiform mandibles directed distomedially are typical of H. adunca, which, however, also typically has the proximal margin of the orifice straight. While some zooids in the specimens from Co To have the proximal orificial margin nearly straight, most have a concave, distinctly rounded margin. In addition, the only ooeciate zooid observed has a sharp, raised suboral collar. A key character that helps differentiate among Hippopodina species is the ancestrular complex, which forms a triad in in some species (including H. adunca) but a tetrad in others (Tilbrook 1999, 2006). No ancestrular complex was found in the Co To specimens.
Distribution. Broadly distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, ranging from Mauritius westward to Fiji (Tilbrook 2006) and northward as far as Okinawa, Japan (Dick & Grischenko 2017).
description: Published as part of Dick, Matthew H., Ngai, Nguyen Danh & Doan, Hung Dinh, 2020, Taxonomy and diversity of coelobite bryozoans from drift coral cobbles on Co To Island, northern Vietnam, pp. 201-252 in Zootaxa 4747 (2) on pages 223-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3694740
Skorikovia elongata Radoszkowski 1885
Creators: name: Ljubomirov, Toshko
name: Ghahari, Hassan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Skorikovia
Skorikovia elongata

description: Skorikovia elongata (Radoszkowski, 1885)
Mutilla elongata: Radoszkowski 1885: 18 (3, Iran); de Dalla Torre 1897: 34 (3, Iran); André 1899: 20 (3, Iran); André 1901: 155 (3, Iran).
Ephutomma elongata: Skorikov 1935: 325 (3, Semnan).
Smicromyrme elongata: Lelej 1984b: 81 (3, Iran); Lelej 1985: 243 (3, Iran).
Skorikovia elongata: Lelej 2002a: 64 (3, Iran); Lelej 2002b: 20 (Iran); Lelej & Yildirim 2009: 20 (3, Iran).
Distribution. Russia (South European territory), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Iran (Semnan) (Fig. 12 B), Afghanistan.
description: Published as part of Ljubomirov, Toshko & Ghahari, Hassan, 2012, An annotated checklist of Mutillidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Iran, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3449 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214365
Artoriinae Framenau 2007
Creators: name: Do Prado, André W.
name: Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira
name: Framenau, Volker W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Lycosidae

description: Subfamily Artoriinae Framenau, 2007
Genus Artoria Thorell, 1877
Type species. Artoria parvula Thorell, 1877
Diagnosis and description. See Framenau & Baehr (2018).
Key to species. All species and their diagnostic images have been uploaded to the Fauna Portal Australia, where geographic and morphological image filters allow a side-by-side comparison of diagnostic features (Fauna Portal Australia 2024).
description: Published as part of Do Prado, André W., Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira & Framenau, Volker W., 2024, Taxonomy of the wolf spider genus Artoria in Western Australia (Araneae, Lycosidae, Artoriinae), pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 5547 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5547.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14387105
Various notes, annotations from G. Cavallo, Libri, scritture, scribi a Ercolano, Naples, (1983) and drawings of Greek letters.
Creators: name: Cavallo, Guglielmo
name: Gigante, Marcello
name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: Several notes on various topics: a quotation from an italian article concerning his own work; a list of Philodermus papyri's doxographical annotations on Piso's family; annotations on the Villa dei Papiri. – M. Gigante's article Il Mattino (07/03/1985) in newspaper on the collaboration between Gigante and Marichal for the opening in Naples of Herculaneum Papyri preserved in Paris. - Offprint of G. Cavallo, Lo stile di scrittura 'epsilon-theta' nel papiri letterari: dall'Egitto ad Ercolano, "CErc" 4 (1974), 33-36; notes by Marichal on a different sheet enclosed in the offprint. - The remaining part concerns entirely Greek writing, with drawings and palaeographic description of Greek letters, and very detailed annotation from Cavallo's book; many sheets with drawings of Greek letters are enclosed together; they form 3 series of drawings (from alpha to omega) and each series is separated from the other by a long orange cardstock.
description: vue 165
description: Source: 4MAR_8_2_5-11
description: Relation: 4MAR_8_2_5-10
description: created: n.d., 1974, March 1985
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1726 – Boulogne
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits agroalimentaires
subject: graines
subject: produits de la mer
subject: poissons

description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1726 avec le port "Boulogne"
description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : graines de lin ; harengs
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : produits agroalimentaires ; graines ; produits de la mer ; poissons
description: Coverage: Grand cabotage
description: Bibliographic citation: LE DOUR, P. Le Commerce maritime de Saint-Malo en 1725 et 1726. DES : Histoire : Rennes 2 : s.d. (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1025)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
Empirical Evidence of Overbidding in M&A Contests
Creators: name: de Bodt, Eric
name: Cousin, Jean-Gabriel
name: Roll, Richard
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2016
Subjects: mergers and acquisitions
hubris hypothesis
overbidding

description: Surprisingly few papers have attempted to develop a direct empirical test for overbidding in M&A contests. We develop such a test grounded on a necessary condition for profit maximizing bidding behavior. The test is not subject to endogeneity concerns. Our results strongly support the existence of overbidding. We provide evidence that overbidding is related to conflicts of
interest, but also some indirect evidence that it arises from failing to fully account for the winner's curse.
description: The authors thank François Derrien (HEC Paris), Espen Eckbo (Dartmouth College), Jarrad Harford (Washington University), Karin Thorburn (NHH) for their helpful comments as well as participants of Dauphine Finance Seminar, ECCCS Monday Finance Seminar, AFFI, Belgian Corporate Finance Day and EFMA conferences.
description: Accepted Version - sswp1426.pdf
title: Vocabolario italiano-turchesco... tradutto del francese nell'italiano... dal P. F. Pietro d'Abbavilla…
Creators: name: Bernard De Paris, Le P.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2019

description: Source: Bibliothèque patrimoniale Villon (Rouen), Fonds Montbret, Mt m 21528
Nowhere to Run, Nowhere to Hide: Asset Diversification in a Flat World
Creators: name: Cotter, John
name: Gabriel, Stuart
name: Roll, Richard
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2016
Subjects: asset return integration and diversification, equities, fixed income, real estate

description: We present new international diversification indexes across equity, sovereign debt, and real estate. The indexes reveal a marked and near ubiquitous decline in diversification potential across asset classes and markets for the post-2000 period. Analysis of panel data suggests that the decline is related to higher levels of market credit risk and volatility as well as to technology and communications innovation as proxied by internet diffusion. The decline in diversification opportunity is associated with sharply higher levels of investment risk.
description: The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the UCLA Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Program in Real Estate, Finance and Urban Economics at the UCLA Ziman Center for Real Estate. Cotter also acknowledges the support of Science Foundation Ireland under Grant Number 08/SRC/FM1389. The authors thank participants at the 2016 Luxembourg Asset Management Summit and 2016 AREUEA International Meetings, as well as Abhinav Anand, Paul Calem, Niall McGeever, and Gary Painter.
description: Published - sswp1425.pdf
ACE: A Combinatorial Market Mechanism
Creators: name: Fine, Leslie
name: Goeree, Jacob K.
name: Ishikida, Tak
name: Ledyard, John O.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2016

description: In 1990 the South Coast Air Quality Management District created a tradable emissions program to more efficiently manage the ex- tremely bad emissions in the
Los Angeles basin. The program created 136 different assets that an environmental engineer could use to cover emissions in place of installing expensive abatement equipment. Standard markets could not deal with this complexity and little trading occurred. A new combinatorial market was created in response and operated successfully for many years. That market design, called ACE (approximate competitive equilibrium), is described in detail and its successful performance in practice is analyzed.
description: To appear in Handbook of Spectrum Auction Design, Cambridge University Press.

John Ledyard would like to thank NSF for its support under grants numbered 1216024-ICES: Large: Collaborative Research: Markets - Algorithms, Applications and the Digital Economy and 1518941-NeTS: Large: Networked Markets: Theory and Applications.
description: Submitted - sswp1424.pdf
The Effects of Income Mobility and Tax Persistence on Income Redistribution and Inequality
Creators: name: Agranov, Marina
name: Palfrey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2016

description: We explore the effect of income mobility and the persistence of redistributive tax policy on the level of redistribution in democratic societies. An infinite-horizon theoretical model is developed, and the properties of the equilibrium tax rate and the degree of after-tax inequality are characterized. Mobility and stickiness of tax policy are both negatively related to the equilibrium tax rate. However, neither is sufficient by itself. Social mobility has no effect on equilibrium taxes if tax policy is voted on in every period, and tax persistence has no effect in the absence of social mobility. The two forces are complementary. Tax persistence leads to higher levels of post-tax inequality, for any amount of mobility. The effect of mobility on inequality is less clear-cut and depends on the degree of tax persistence. A laboratory experiment is conducted to test the main comparative static predictions of the theory, and the results are generally supportive.
description: Acknowledgements: We thank Michael McBride and the staff of the Experimental Social Science Laboratory (ESSL) at UC Irvine for their support and for granting access to the laboratory and subject pool. We thank the Hacker
Social Science Experimental Laboratory (SSEL) at Caltech for supporting the software development for
the experiment. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation
(SES-1426560), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (SES-1158), and the Russell Sage Foundation.
description: Published - sswp1423.pdf
Skorikovia pallipes Lelej 1985
Creators: name: Ljubomirov, Toshko
name: Ghahari, Hassan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Skorikovia
Skorikovia pallipes

description: Skorikovia pallipes (Lelej, 1985)
Smicromyrme pallipes: Lelej 1985: 243 (3, Iran).
Skorikovia pallipes: Lelej 2002a: 64 (3, Iran); Lelej 2002b: 21 (Iran); Lelej & Osten 2004: 257 (3, Hormozgan).
Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan) (Fig. 12 C).
description: Published as part of Ljubomirov, Toshko & Ghahari, Hassan, 2012, An annotated checklist of Mutillidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Iran, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3449 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214365
Smicromyrme (Astomyrme) minutus Lelej 1985
Creators: name: Ljubomirov, Toshko
name: Ghahari, Hassan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Smicromyrme
Smicromyrme minutus

description: Smicromyrme (Astomyrme) minutus Lelej, 1985
Smicromyrme minuta: Lelej & Osten 2004: 257 (3, Golestan).
Distribution. Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan (south), Kyrgyzstan, Iran (Golestan) (Fig. 13 A).
description: Published as part of Ljubomirov, Toshko & Ghahari, Hassan, 2012, An annotated checklist of Mutillidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Iran, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3449 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214365
Praomys tullbergi
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Praomys
Praomys tullbergi

description: 610.
Tullberg’s Soft-furred Mouse
Praomys tullbergi
French: Praomys de Tullberg / German: Tullberg-Weichhaarratte / Spanish: Ratén de pelaje suave de Tullberg
Other common names: Tullberg’s Praomys, Tullberg’s Rock Rat
Taxonomy. Mus tullbergi Thomas, 1894, Ankober River, Wasa, Ashanti, Ghana.
Praomys tullbergi is in the P. tullbergi species group and distinguished based on molecular and partially morphometric grounds from P. rostratus with which it co-occurs in West Africa. Until recently, P. tullbergi included P. misonne: from Central Africa, which was shown to be distinct, thereby restricting P. tullbergi to West Africa west of Volta River and P. misonnei to the east of
Volta River. Monotypic.
Distribution. Endemic to Upper Guinean forest from SE Guinea E to Ghana, W of the Volta River.
Descriptive notes. Head-body 108-131 mm,tail 115-153 mm, ear 17-21 mm, hindfoot 22-26 mm; weight 28-54 g. Fur of Tullberg’s Soft-furred Mouse is reddish brown (adults) to dark gray (juveniles) above and whitish gray on belly, chin, throat, and chest. Tail is very long (c.140% of head-body length), with short sparse bristles. Hindfeet and forefeet are white. Females have three pairs of nipples. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 34 and FN = 32.
Habitat. Primary and secondary rainforests with good ground cover and cultivated fields from lowlands up to elevations of ¢.1200 m.
Food and Feeding. In Ghana, diet contains mostly fruits, shoots, seeds, and some insects. Breeding. In Ghana, litters have 2-6 young.
Activity patterns. Tullberg’s Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial, occasionally scansorial.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
Bibliography. Akpatou et al. (2007), Cole (1975), Happold (2013a), Jeffrey (1975, 1977), Monadjem et al. (2015), Nicolas, Bryja et al. (2008).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 810, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
Orchidantha laotica K. Larsen. A. Habit 1961
Creators: name: Zou, Pu
name: Xiao, Chun-Fen
name: Luo, Shi-Xiao
name: Cui, Chang-Jie
name: Xu, Kai
name: Ye, Yu-Shi
name: Liao, Jing-Ping
name: Leong-Škorničková, Jana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Zingiberales
Lowiaceae
Orchidantha
Orchidantha laotica

description: Orchidantha laotica K. Larsen (1961: 349) (Fig. 3).
Type:— LAOS. Wienchan [Vientiane]: Muang Baw [Muang Bo], elev. ca. 200 m, 28 April 1932, A. F. G. Kerr 21284 (holotype K [K-000292162, K-000292163 & K-000292164, a specimen consisting of 3 sheets clearly labeled as sheet 1, sheet 2 and sheet 3], isotype BM-000958173!)
Notes: —The identity of Orchidantha laotica has been unclear since its description which was based on herbarium materials collected by A. F. G. Kerr in evergreen forest in Muang Baw, Wienchan (based on historical maps presumably Vientiane province, Muang Bo). The collection (Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-1800) presented here in Figure 2 was collected from the same province, near Vang Vieng, about 100 km from the presumed type locality. Our collection also originates from evergreen lowland forest (at elev. ca. 250 m). It agrees very well with the type specimen, the original description and the line drawing (Fig. 4 in Larsen 1961) in terms of shape and size of the plant as well as all floral parts. The only deviation seem to be a colour of the sepals, which is described by Kerr on the label as being greenish-white, while our collection is greenish white at base, but with dense rusty-red tinge. The presence and density of the tinge on sepals might however be variable within population as we have seen on other Orchidantha species.
When Du et al. (1995) reported Orchidantha laotica from Yunnan, they didn’t include any description or illustration. The only specimen cited, Du et al. 950221 (SWFC) cannot be traced at present. Hence the identity of this record, which was not included in the Flora of China (Wu & Kress 2000), is still to be verified.
description: Published as part of Zou, Pu, Xiao, Chun-Fen, Luo, Shi-Xiao, Cui, Chang-Jie, Xu, Kai, Ye, Yu-Shi, Liao, Jing-Ping & Leong-Škorničková, Jana, 2017, Orchidantha yunnanensis (Lowiaceae), a new species from China, and notes on the identity of Orchidantha laotica, pp. 181-187 in Phytotaxa 302 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/13695094
Gymnotus
Creators: name: William G. R. Crampton
name: James S. Albert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Gymnotiformes
Gymnotidae
Gymnotus

description: [[Gymnotus]]
Gymnotus is the focus of intensive ongoing taxonomic attention and may now be the best known of all the Neotropical electric fish genera (Mago-Leccia 1994; Albert & Miller 1995; Campos da Paz 1996; Campos da Paz & Costa 1996; Fernandes-Matioli & AlmeidaToledo1998; Fernandes-Matioli et al. 1998; Albert et al. 1999; Campos da Paz 2000; Fernandes-Matioli et al. 2000; Albert 2001; Albert & Crampton 2001; Fernandes-Matioli & Almeida-Toledo 2001; Campos da Paz 2002; Albert & Crampton 2003; Campos da Paz 2003; Crampton et al. 2003). Gymnotus is the most diverse of the gymnotiform genera, with 27 valid species including the species redescribed herein (Table 1). It is also the most geographically widespread, occurring throughout lowland Middle and South America from southern Mexico to the Pampas of Argentina (Albert 2001).
description: Published as part of William G. R. Crampton & James S. Albert, 2003, Redescription of Gymnotus coropinae (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae), an often misidentified species of Neotropical electric fish, with notes on natural history and electric signals., pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 348 on page 1
Communication Among Voters Benefits the Majority Party
Creators: name: Palfrey, Thomas R.
name: Pogorelskiy, Kirill
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2016
Subjects: voter turnout, pre-play communication, lab experiment, correlated equilibrium

description: How does communication among voters affect turnout? And who benefits from it? In a laboratory experiment in which subjects, divided into two competing parties, choose between costly voting and abstaining, we study three pre-play communication treatments: No Communication, a control; Public Communication, where all voters exchange public messages through computer chat; and Party Communication, where messages are also exchanged but only within one's own party. Our main finding is that communication always benefits the majority party by increasing its expected turnout margin and, hence, its expected margin of victory and probability of winning the election. Party communication increases overall turnout, while public communication increases turnout with a high voting cost but decreases it with a low voting cost. With communication, we find essentially no support for the standard Nash equilibrium predictions and limited consistency with correlated equilibrium.
description: We are grateful to the National Science Foundation (SES-1426560) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (SES-1158) for financial support. We are grateful to Michael McBride and the lab assistants (Blake Allison, Tyler Boston, and Alyssa Acre) at UC Irvine ESSL laboratory. We thank Tatiana Mayskaya for excellent research assistance. We thank Marina Agranov, Kim Border, Matthew Chao, Tatiana Coutto, Nehemia Geva, Kosuke Imai, John Ledyard, David K. Levine, Eugenia Nazrullaeva, Fabian Paetzel, Eugenio Proto, Molly Roberts, David Ronayne, Daniel Sgroi, Matthew Shum, Stefan Traub, and Leeat Yariv for insightful comments and discussions. We also thank seminar participants at Caltech, Princeton, Texas A&M, UCSD, UPenn, NRU-HSE, Warwick, Maastricht, U of Melbourne, UNSW, UTS, U Carlos III Madrid, and HSU Hamburg. This paper was previously circulated as \Voting with Communication: An Experimental Study of Correlated Equilibrium."
description: Published - sswp1422.pdf
Subset Optimization for Asset Allocation
Creators: name: Gillen, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2016

description: Subset optimization provides a new algorithm for asset allocation that's particularly useful in settings with many securities and short return histories. Rather than optimizing weights for all N securities jointly, subset optimization constructs Complete Subset Portfolios (CSPs) that naively aggregate many "Subset Portfolios," each optimizing weights over a subset of only ^N randomly selected securities. With known means and variances, the complete subset efficient frontier for different subset sizes characterizes CSPs' utility loss due to satisficing, which generally decreases with ^N . In finite samples, the bound on CSPs' expected out-of-sample performance loss due to sampling error generally increases with ^N . By balancing this tradeoff, CSPs' expected out-of-sample performance dominates both the 1=N rule and sample-based optimization. Simulation and backtest experiments illustrate CSPs' robust performance against existing asset allocation strategies.
description: I'm grateful for helpful commentary and suggestions from Yacine Ait-Sahalia, Khai Chiong, John Cochrane, Jaksa Cvitanic, Michael Ewens, Joseph Gerakos, Harry Markowitz, Tatiana Mayskaya, Nicolas Polson, Richard Roll, Alberto Rossi, Allan Timmermann, Ken Whinston, as well as seminar participants at Caltech.
description: Published - sswp1421.pdf
Eŭrazio ekde 1928 ĝis 1932 per biciklo kaj Esperanto (p. 11)
Creators: name: Péraire, Lucien
name: CNRS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: Antaŭparolaĵo
Smicromyrme (Eremotilla) mesasiaticus Lelej 1985
Creators: name: Ljubomirov, Toshko
name: Ghahari, Hassan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Smicromyrme
Smicromyrme mesasiaticus

description: Smicromyrme (Eremotilla) mesasiaticus Lelej, 1985
Smicromyrme mesasiaticus: Lelej et al. 2008: 4 (3, Ilam).
Distribution. Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran (Ilam) (Fig. 13 B).
description: Published as part of Ljubomirov, Toshko & Ghahari, Hassan, 2012, An annotated checklist of Mutillidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Iran, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3449 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214365
Praomys jacksoni
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Praomys
Praomys jacksoni

description: 611.
Jackson's Soft-furred Mouse
Praomys jacksoni
French: Praomys de Jackson / German: Jackson-Weichhaarratte / Spanish: Ratén de pelaje suave de Jackson
Other common names: Jackson's Praomys
Taxonomy. Mus jacksoni de Winton, 1897,
Entebbe, Uganda.
Praomys jacksoni is in the P. jacksoni species group along with P. degraaffi, P. minor, and P. mutoni. Molecular evidence has been found for four deep clades within P. jacksoni that may coincide with cryptic species, but until formal taxonomic revision can be completed, they are retained in P. jacksoni. Monotypic.
Distribution. Widespread in tropical Africa from Nigeria E to Kenya and S to N Angola and Zambia.
Descriptive notes. Head—body 94-131 mm, tail 125-168 mm, ear 15-22 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 21-59 g. Fur ofJackson’s Soft-furred Mouse is long, soft, and gray (Juveniles and subadults) to rufous (adults) above and whitish gray below. Tail is very long (c.118-140% of head-body length), almost naked, dark gray above, and slightly paler below. Ears are large, round, dark, and sparsely haired. Forefeet are whitish, and hindfeet are pale, with brownish tinge and white toes. Females have three pairs of nipples. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 28 and FN = 30.
Habitat. Primary and secondary rainforests, montane forests, and cultivated and fallow crop fields.
Food and Feeding. Jackson's Soft-furred Mouse is mostly frugivorous, eating seeds, nuts, kernels, and fruits. Fruits are taken from the ground and carried to convenient shelters to remove hard shells. Insects are eaten infrequently.
Breeding. Breeding occurs year-round, peaking in wet season. Litters have 1-5 young in lowland forest and 1-6 young in montane forest.
Activity patterns. Jackson's Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal, crepuscular, and terrestrial.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. Jackson’s Soft-furred Mice make nests of grass and ferns underneath roots of trees. They forage in groups that may have home ranges restricted to vicinity of a single fruiting tree where they collectfruit during forays from sheltered spots.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
Bibliography. Delany (1971), Dieterlen (1985a), Happold (2013a), Monadjem et al. (2015).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 810, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
A characterization of combinatorial demand
Creators: name: Chambers, Christopher P.
name: Echenique, Federico
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2016
Subjects: Combinatorial auctions
revealed preference
integrability
quasi-linear utility

description: We prove that combinatorial demand functions are characterized by two properties: continuity and the law of demand.
description: Submitted - sswp1420.pdf
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1725 – Diélette
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: matériaux de construction
subject: produits de la mer
subject: poissons

description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1725 avec le port "Diélette"
description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : bois ; poissons
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : matériaux de construction ; produits de la mer ; poissons
description: Coverage: Petit cabotage
description: Bibliographic citation: LE DOUR, P. Le Commerce maritime de Saint-Malo en 1725 et 1726. DES : Histoire : Rennes 2 : s.d. (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1025)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur 2016
Creators: name: Wang, Shih-Yu
name: Chen, Jhen-Nien
name: Russell, Barry C.
name: Chen, Wei-Jen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Aulopiformes
Synodontidae
Trachinocephalus
Trachinocephalus gauguini

description: Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur, 2016, new record
Figure 1A–B; Table 1–2
Material examined. NTUM 11085 (tissue voucher: PNG 3127) and NTUM 11212 (tissue voucher: PNG 3163). Both specimens were collected from mid-shelf areas around 20 km west of Kavieng, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea (Fig. 2) on September 2, 2014 by R/V ALIS from station CP4455, 2° 23.4' S, 150° 37' E, 60–72m, and station CP4456, 2°35' S, 150°40' E, 134–144m, respectively (campaign: KAVIENG 2014).
Diagnosis. Morphometric data and meristic data for the two Papua New Guinea specimens are as in Table 1 and 2 respectively. The morphological characteristics fit within the range of the identification key, description of body color pattern, and photographs provided in Polanco et al. (2016): L Sn 6.7–10.0% of HL, L Sn 12.6–18.9% of D B, L Sn 31.6–51.7% of D E, W I 4.0–6.7% of HL; pectoral fin rays 11, anal fin rays 14–16; pectoral, caudal and anal fin yellow; dorsal fin dark yellow; four obvious yellow stripes along the body longitudinally, with several inconspicuous vertical bars across; an oval black spot above the dorsal border of the operculum, and a rather wide dark blotch below the eye (indistinct in NTUM 11212) (Fig. 1A, B). A blunter snout and broader dark blotch beneath the eye distinguish Trachinocephalus gauguini from other species of Trachinocephalus.
description: Published as part of Wang, Shih-Yu, Chen, Jhen-Nien, Russell, Barry C. & Chen, Wei-Jen, 2018, First record of Gauguin's blunt-nose lizardfish, Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur 2016 (Teleostei: Synodontidae) outside the Marquesas Archipelago, pp. 151-156 in Zootaxa 4476 (1) on page 152, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4476.1.14, http://zenodo.org/record/1440416
Plesiocleidochasma porcellaniforme
Creators: name: Dick, Matthew H.
name: Ngai, Nguyen Danh
name: Doan, Hung Dinh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Phidoloporidae
Plesiocleidochasma
Plesiocleidochasma porcellaniforme

description: Plesiocleidochasma porcellaniforme (Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1991b)
(Figs 14, 20G)
Schedocleidochasma porcellaniforme Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1991b, p. 481, pl. 1, fig. 1, pl. 5, figs 3, 4, and synonyms therein.
Schedocleidochasma porcellaniforme: Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 98, fig. 21A, B; Liu et al. 2001, 705, pl. 79, figs 1–3; Tilbrook 2006, p. 293, pl. 64B.
Cleidochasma porcellanum (Busk): Winston and Heimberg 1986, p. 34, figs 85–87.
Material examined. VNMN-0256 (CT-7), VNMN-0257 (CT-8), VNMN-0258 (CT-13), VNMN-0259 (CT-15), VNMN-0260 (CT-29), VNMN-0261 (CT-31), on SEM stubs.
Measurements. AzL, 0.37–0.47 (0.403 ± 0.025); AzW, 0.22–0.39 (0.306 ± 0.041) (n = 15, 1). OrL, 0.11–0.15 (0.131 ± 0.010); OrW, 0.089 –0.115 (0.099 ± 0.007) (n = 15, 2). OvL, 0.17–0.22 (0.194 ± 0.015); OvW, 0.19–0.25 (0.221 ± 0.015) (n = 15, 1).
Description. Colony unilaminar, encrusting, sheet-like; sometimes partly bilaminar due to self-overgrowth.
Zooids small, boundaries indistinct. Frontal wall slightly convex, imperforate; surface weakly pustulose; often bearing several scattered, low, rounded nodules; with a few marginal pores, some of which may be positioned inside margin. Marginal zooids show three small spine bases, which are not evident in interior zooids. Orifice keyhole-shaped; anter circular or subcircular, separated by strong, proximomedially directed condyles from narrower, rounded poster.
Frontal avicularia single or paired lateral or proximolateral to poster, although zooids lacking frontal avicularia not uncommon. When paired, avicularia directed at slightly different angles, one sometimes pointing laterally and other distolaterally. Avicularian rostrum rounded proximally, acute distally; crossbar complete or incomplete; opesial opening more or less arrowhead-shaped.
Ooecium subimmersed, imperforate, same texture as frontal wall; opening covered by broad, flat labellum, with narrow transverse slit above, distinct lateral slits, and narrow transverse slit below that merges with lateral slits.
Remarks. This species was originally placed in the genus Schedocleidochasma Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1991b, but Berning (2012), concluding that no clear boundary could be drawn between that genus and Plesiocleidochasma, declared the former a junior synonym of the latter.
Distribution. Widely distributed in the central to western Pacific, ranging from the Hawaiian Islands westward to Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Maldives (Indian Ocean) (Soule et al. 1991b; Tilbrook 2006; this study).
description: Published as part of Dick, Matthew H., Ngai, Nguyen Danh & Doan, Hung Dinh, 2020, Taxonomy and diversity of coelobite bryozoans from drift coral cobbles on Co To Island, northern Vietnam, pp. 201-252 in Zootaxa 4747 (2) on page 232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3694740
Why Was It Europeans Who Conquered the World?
Creators: name: Hoffman, Philip T.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2011
Subjects: war, military, colonialism

description: By the eighteenth century, Europeans dominated the military technology of gunpowder weapons, which had enormous advantages for fighting war at a distance and conquering other parts of the world. Their dominance, however, was surprising, because the technology had originated in China and been used with expertise in Asia and the Middle East. To account for their prowess with gunpowder weapons, historians have often invoked competition, but it cannot explain why they pushed this technology further than anyone else. The answer lies in the peculiar form that military competition took in western Europe: it was a winner take all tournament, and a simple model of the tournament shows why it led European rulers to spend heavily on improving the
gunpowder technology, and why political incentives and military conditions kept such a tournament from developing elsewhere in the world. As a result, rulers elsewhere in Eurasia had much less reason to advance the gunpowder technology or to catch up with the Europeans. The consequences were huge, from colonialism to the slave trade and even the Industrial Revolution.
description: Research for this paper was supported by NSF Grants 0433358 and SES-0649062 as part of the Global Prices and Incomes Project. Numerous people have helped me by generously offering advice, criticisms, and expertise: Mary Elizabeth Berry, Dan Bogart, Philip C. Brown, John C. Brown, Warren Brown, Margaret Chen, Greg Clark, Stan Engerman, Claudia Goldin, Dave Grether, Dan Klerman, James Kung, Peter Lindert, Bozhong Li, Naomi Lamoreaux, James Lee, Guanglin Liu, Debin Ma, R. Preston McAfee, Kate Norberg, Patrick O'Brien, Sevket Pamuk, Peter Perdue, Gilles Postel-Vinay, Gary Richardson, Jean-Laurent Rosenthal, Stergios Skaperdas, Peter Temin, Harriet Zurndorfer, and the late Ken Sokoloff.
description: Submitted - sswp1344.pdf