cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Systematic study of Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$As self-assembled quantum wires with different interfacial strain relaxation
Creators: name: Li, Liang-Xin
name: Sun, Sophia
name: Chang, Yia-Chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$As self-assembled quantum-wires (QWR's) made of short-period superlattices (SPS) with strain-induced lateral ordering is presented. The theory is based on the effective bond-orbital model (EBOM) combined with a valence-force field (VFF) model. Valence-band anisotropy, band mixing, and effects due to local strain distribution at the atomistic level are all taken into account. Several structure models with varying degrees of alloy mixing for lateral modulation are considered. A valence force field model is used to find the equilibrium atomic positions in the QWR structure by minimizing the lattice energy. The strain tensor at each atomic (In or Ga) site is then obtained and included in the calculation of electronic states and optical properties. It is found that different local arrangement of atoms leads to very different strain distribution, which in turn alters the optical properties. In particular, we found that in model structures with thick capping layer the electron and hole are confined in the Ga-rich region and the optical anisotropy can be reversed due to the variation of lateral alloying mixing, while for model structures with thin capping layer the electron and hole are confined in the In-rich region, and the optical anisotropy is much less sensitive to the lateral alloy mixing.
description: 23 pages, and 8 figures
Can Affectionate Touch Increase Intrinsic and Altruistic Motivation to Sacrifice in Romantic Relationships?
Creators: name: Delancey Wu
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200105 Organisational, Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Willingness to make sacrifices within a romantic relationship can indicate the well-being and stability of that relationship. Why people make these sacrifices are fueled by different types of motivations, such as whether they truly enjoy taking care of their partner (intrinsic and altruistic motivations) or whether they feel pressured or obligated to make a sacrifice (extrinsic motivation). The hypotheses were that those who received affectionate touch would be more willing to sacrifice and have a higher intrinsic and altruistic motivation to do so than those who do not receive touch. Affectionate touch also was predicted to promote willingness to sacrifice by making one’s relationship more salient and thus leading one to be more focused on their partner’s needs. Inconsistent with expectations, receiving no touch led to more altruistic motivation than receiving touch. Although touch did not influence participants' relationship salience, the higher a participant's relationship salience was, the more altruistic their motives were.In addition, motivations for sacrifice predicted willingness to sacrifice in expected ways. While our hypotheses were not supported in terms of touch, we discuss possible explanations and the implications of other results.
AGB population as probes of galaxy structure and evolution
Creators: name: Javadi, Atefeh
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of galaxies is driven by the birth and death of stars. AGB stars are at the end points of their evolution and therefore their luminosities directly reflect their birth mass; this enables us to reconstruct the star formation history. These cool stars also produce dust grains that play an important role in the temperature regulation of the interstellar medium (ISM), chemistry, and the formation of planets. These stars can be resolved in all of the nearby galaxies. Therefore, the Local Group of galaxies offers us a superb near-field cosmology site. Here we can reconstruct the formation histories, and probe the structure and dynamics, of spiral galaxies, of the many dwarf satellite galaxies surrounding the Milky Way and Andromeda, and of isolated dwarf galaxies. It also offers a variety of environments in which to study the detailed processes of galaxy evolution through studying the mass-loss mechanism and dust production by cool evolved stars. In this paper, I will first review our recent efforts to identify mass-losing Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars and red supergiants (RSGs) in Local Group galaxies and to correlate spatial distributions of the AGB stars of different mass with galactic structures. Then, I will outline our methodology to reconstruct the star formation histories using variable pulsating AGB stars and RSGs and present the results for rates of mass-loss and dust production by pulsating AGB stars and their analysis in terms of stellar evolution and galaxy evolution.
description: Invited contribution for "IAU Symposium 343: Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars:A Continuing Challenge through Cosmic Time", to be published in the "IAU Proceedings Series", (eds.) Franz Kerschbaum, Martin Groenewegen and Hans Olofsson
Danielithosia milina Dubatolov & Ras 2013, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Dubatolov, Vladimir V.
name: Ras, Sb
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Danielithosia
Danielithosia milina

description: Danielithosia milina (Fang, 1982) comb. nov.
 Eilema milina Fang, 1982: 50–51, 60, Fig. 4 (moth). Type locality: China, Xizang: ‘Mainling, 2950 m’.
 Taxonomy. The original description of E. milina contains characters typical for the genus Danielithosia: ‘J genitalia juxta very long, term forked, aedeague [sic!] with four cornutus [sic!] on middle’ (FANG 1982). These characters are sufficient to transfer the species from Eilema to Danielithosia.
 Distribution. China (Xizang = Tibet) (FANG 1982).
description: Published as part of Dubatolov, Vladimir V. & Ras, Sb, 2013, A new species and new combinations of Danielithosia from eastern China and Indochina, with check-list of the genus (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Lithosiinae), pp. 381-386 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1) on page 385, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740465
Spin-Pseudospin Coherence and CP$^{3}$ Skyrmions in Bilayer Quantum Hall Ferromagnets
Creators: name: Ezawa, Z. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze bilayer quantum Hall ferromagnets, whose underlying symmetry group is SU(4). Spin-pseudospin coherence develops spontaneously when the total electron density is low enough. Quasiparticles are CP^3 skyrmions. One skyrmion induces charge modulations on both of the two layers. At the filling factor$ν=2/m$ one elementary excitation consists of a pair of skyrmions and its charge is $2e/m$. Recent experimental data due to Sawada et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 80}, 4534 (1998)] support this conclusion.
description: 4 pages including 2 figures (published version)
Additional file 9 of Single-molecule long-read sequencing reveals the potential impact of posttranscriptional regulation on gene dosage effects on the avian Z chromosome
Creators: name: Wang, Jianmei
name: Xi, Yang
name: Ma, Shengchao
name: Qi, Jingjing
name: Li, Junpeng
name: Zhang, Rongping
name: Han, Chunchun
name: Li, Liang
name: Wang, Jiwen
name: Liu, Hehe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9: Figure S6. Characters of identified lncRNAs and its Z-linked target gene. Male-biased lncRNAs and their target genes cluster were identified based on their expression patterns (a). GO and KEGG enrichment of male-biased lncRNAs corresponding to Z-linked target genes for both tissues (b). P < 0.05 was significant. GO enrichment on the left and KEGG enrichment on the right.
CZECH PRIVATIZATION: PLAYERS AND WINNERS
Creators: name: Kotrba, Josef
name: Kotrba, Josef
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: This paper is focused on behaviour of different groups of economic agents participating in large scale privatization. Since large scale privatization has many interactions with other privatization programs, we will also briefly describe restitutions, small scale privatization and property transfer to municipalities. We will present descriptive analysis of rules and procedures of large scale privatization, identify the most important bidders for privatized property and analyze strategies they can use within given rules. On sample of 201 firms we will demonstrate use of those strategies by different bidders and their relative success in the process.
Axionic charged black branes with arbitrary scalar nonminimal coupling
Creators: name: Cisterna, Adolfo
name: Guajardo, Luis
name: Hassaine, Mokhtar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we construct four-dimensional charged black branes of a nonminimally coupled and self-interacting scalar field. In addition to the scalar and Maxwell fields, the model involves two axionic fields homogeneously distributed along the two-dimensional planar base manifold providing in turn a simple mechanism of momentum dissipation. Interestingly enough, the horizon of the solution can be set at two different positions, whose locations depend on the axionic parameter, and in both cases there exists a wide range of values of the nonminimal coupling parameter yielding physical acceptable solutions. For one of our solutions, the allowed nonminimal coupling parameters take discrete values and it turns out to be extremal since its has zero temperature. A complete analysis of the thermodynamical features of the solutions is also carried out. Finally, thanks to the mechanism of momentum dissipation, the holographic DC conductivities of the solutions are computed in term of the black hole horizon data, and we analyze the effects of the nonminimal coupling parameter on these conductivities. For example, we notice that for the non extremal solutions, there always exists a nonminimal coupling (which is greater than the conformal one in four dimensions) yielding perfect conductivity in the sense that the conductivity is infinite. Even more astonishing, the conductivity matrix for the extremal solutions has a Hall effect-like behavior.
description: Some minor changes
A NuSTAR study of the 55 ks hard X-ray pulse-phase modulation in the magnetar 4U 0142+61
Creators: name: Makishima, Kazuo
name: Murakami, Hiroaki
name: Enoto, Teruaki
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Archival NuSTAR data of the magnetar 4U0142+61, acquired in 2014 March for a total time span of 258 ks, were analyzed. This is to reconfirm the 55 ks modulation in the hard X-ray pulse phases of this source, found with a Suzaku observation in 2009 (Makishima et al. 2014). Indeed, the 10-70 keV X-ray pulsation, detected with NuSTAR at 8.68917s, was found to be also phase-modulated (at 98 percent confidence or higher) at the same 55 ks period, or half that value. Furthermore, a brief analysis of another Suzaku data set of 4U0142+61, acquired in 2013, reconfirmed the same 55 ks phase modulation in the 15-40 keV pulses. Thus, the hard X-ray pulse-phase modulation was detected with Suzaku (in 2009 and 2013) and NuSTAR (in 2014) at a consistent period. However, the modulation amplitude varied significantly; A=0.17 s with Suzaku (2009), A=1.2 s with Suzaku (2013), and A=0.17 s with NuSTAR. In addition, the phase modulation properties detected with NuSTAR differed considerably between the first 1/3 and the latter 2/3 of the observation. In energies below 10 keV, the pulse-phase modulation was not detected with either Suzaku or NuSTAR. These results reinforce the view of Makishima et al. (2014); the neutron star in 4U0142+61 keeps free precession, under a slight axial deformation due probably to ultra-strong toroidal magnetic fields of 1e16 G. The wobbling angle of precession should remain constant, but the pulse-phase modulation amplitude varies on time scales of months to years, presumably as asymmetry of the hard X-ray emission pattern around the star's axis changes.
description: Accepted for publication in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Total Recall: A Data-Driven Analysis of the Takata Airbag Recall
Creators: name: Segal, Karen
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the automotive industry, several hundred recalls are released every year, impacting tens of millions of vehicles and end consumers. In 2015, for example, United States vehicle recalls surpassed an all-time high for two years in a row, with 51.2 million vehicles affected over 868 separate recalls. Data analysis by iSeeCars indicates that the industry cumulative average from January 1985 to September 2016 is 1,115 vehicles recalled per 1,000 vehicles sold, with some vehicles recalled for multiple reasons. However, recalls by manufacturer vary, with eleven out of eighteen automakers having recall rates below that average.
This paper focuses specifically on informing readers about automotive recalls in the United States using the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) automotive recall datasets. The recall process is illustrated by highlighting a particularly egregious recall, the Takata airbag inflator defect.
Doula Decisions: A Mental Models Approach to UnderstandingLack of Doula Use Despite the Benefits
Creators: name: McDonald, Hannah
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Research Question: Despite the proven benefits of utilizing a doula, only 6% of United States women choose to have a doula present at birth. What explains this lack of doula utilization?
Methods:This research employed the mental models approach, an in-depth interviewing and analysis method deriving from decision science, to examine the decision making process of expectant mothers with regard to the use of doulas. The process included 5 interviews with experts including OBGYNs, midwifes, and doulas,and 11 interviews with pregnant women.
Analysis:A gap analysis compares the mental models of experts versus pregnant women.
Results:Pregnant women have difficulty predicting what labor will be like, and thus how much continuous labor support they will need and want(a hot cold empathy gap). They also lack essential knowledge about what a doula is and does. They report not receiving information about doulas from their health care providers, which contributes to this gap in knowledge and is interpreted as a signal that the provider does not support the choice to use a doula. Lastly, pregnant women anticipate potentially negative relationship consequences when they imagine using a doula—both with their health care provider as well as with their partner.
Conclusions/Implications: Health care providers can provide preliminary information about doulas to their patients via methods such as a poster or pamphlet. This would not only give pregnant women basic information on the benefits of doulas but also signal that they support the decision. Doula communications can better address women’s knowledge needs and relationship fears by including information about their role in supporting both women and partners in the child birth experience.
Quasiparticle and Cooper Pair Tunneling in the Vortex State of Bi-2212
Creators: name: Morozov, N.
name: Bulaevskii, L. N.
name: Maley, M. P.
name: Latyshev, Yu. I.
name: Yamashita, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From measurements of the c-axis I-V characteristics of intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+delta} (Bi-2212) mesas we obtain the field dependence (H || c) of the quasiparticle (QP) conductivity, sigma_q(H,T), and of the Josephson critical current density, J_c(H,T). The quasiparticle conductivity sigma_q(H) increases sharply with H and reaches a plateau at 0.05 T
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Entropy Evolution in Galaxy Groups and Clusters; A Comparison of External and Internal Heating
Creators: name: Brighenti, Fabrizio
name: Mathews, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray observations of hot gas in galaxy groups indicate higher entropies than can be achieved in the accretion shocks as it fell into the dark halos. It has been proposed that this entropy excess results from some universal external heating process in the early universe - AGN, population III stars, etc. - that occurred before most of the gas entered the dark halos. Alternatively, the hot gas in groups may be heated internally by Type II supernovae when the galactic stars formed. We investigate here the gas-dynamical consequences of various amounts of external, high redshift heating and compare with internal supernova heating. Radiative losses and distributed mass dropout are included. We find that externally heated flows are unsatisfactory; when the heating is high enough to bring the X-ray luminosities into agreement with observations, the gas entropy is too high. Flows internally heated by Type II supernovae are preferred. Our results are insensitive to the epoch and spatial distribution of the supernova heating process. However, with a Salpeter IMF a large fraction of the energy produced by supernovae must heat the hot gas. Alternatively, only about 20 percent of the Type II supernova energy would be required to heat the gas if the initial mass function is flatter than Salpeter, as suggested by stellar mass to light ratios.
description: 15 pages (emulateapj5) with 6 figures, 4 tables; accepted by Astrophysical Journal
The kinematics of local thick discs do not support an accretion origin
Creators: name: Comerón, Sébastien
name: Salo, Heikki
name: Knapen, Johan H.
name: Peletier, Reynier F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thick discs are nearly ubiquitous components of the discs of present-day galaxies. It has been proposed that a fraction of their stars has been accreted. Here, we aim to find whether accretion of satellites is the main thick disc formation mechanism. To do so, we observed a sample of eight nearby edge-on galaxies with the MUSE integral field unit at the VLT. Six of the galaxies have a distinct thick disc. We derived thick disc velocities and velocity dispersions for the galaxies in our sample. We devise a formalism to estimate the fractions of retrograde material in the thick discs by using kinematical maps and thin/thick dis decompositions. None of the galaxies in our sample shows strong evidence for retrograde material at large distances from the centre. Including those found in the literature, there are seventeen thick discs with studied kinematics, with only one showing unambiguous signatures of retrograde material. Literature numerical studies of dynamical friction allow us to estimate that at the current cosmic time about one in six mergers for which the stars of the accreted galaxy ended in a thick disc were retrograde. This is in tension with the observed fraction of 1/17 of galaxies with a partly retrograde thick disc. We conclude that satellite accretion is not favoured by observations to be the main thick disk formation mechanism.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Weak force detection using a double Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Corney, J. F.
name: Milburn, G. J.
name: Zhang, Weiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Bose-Einstein condensate may be used to make precise measurements of weak forces, utilizing the macroscopic occupation of a single quantum state. We present a scheme which uses a condensate in a double well potential to do this. The required initial state of the condensate is discussed, and the limitations on the sensitivity due to atom collisions and external coupling are analyzed.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, Eq.(41) has been corrected
Additional file 1 of The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Creators: name: Yan, Qingzi
name: Qiu, Dan
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Xing, Qichang
name: Liu, Renzhu
name: Hu, Yixiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Anomalies of upper critical field in the spinel superconductor LiTi$_2$O$_{4-δ}$
Creators: name: Wei, Zhongxu
name: He, Ge
name: Hu, Wei
name: Feng, Zhongpei
name: Yuan, Jie
name: Xi, Chuanying
name: Li, Qian
name: Zhu, Beiyi
name: Zhou, Fang
name: Dong, Xiaoli
name: Pi, Li
name: Kusmartsev, Fedor V.
name: Zhao, Zhongxian
name: Jin, Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-field electrical transport and point-contact tunneling spectroscopy were used to investigate superconducting properties of the unique spinel oxide, LiTi$_2$O$_{4-δ}$ films with various oxygen content. We find that the upper critical field $B_\mathrm{c2}$ gradually increases as more oxygen impurities are brought into the samples by carefully tuning the deposition atmosphere. It is striking that although the superconducting transition temperature and energy gap are almost unchanged, an astonishing isotropic $B_\mathrm{c2}$ up to $\sim$ 26 Tesla is observed in oxygen-rich sample, which is doubled compared to the anoxic sample and breaks the Pauli limit. Such anomalies of $B_\mathrm{c2}$ were rarely reported in other three dimensional superconductors. Combined with all the anomalies, three dimensional spin-orbit interaction induced by tiny oxygen impurities is naturally proposed to account for the remarkable enhancement of $B_\mathrm{c2}$ in oxygen-rich LiTi$_2$O$_{4-δ}$ films. Such mechanism could be general and therefore provides ideas for optimizing practical superconductors with higher $B_\mathrm{c2}$.
ARPES study of Pb doped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 - a new Fermi surface picture
Creators: name: Bogdanov, P. V.
name: Lanzara, A.
name: Zhou, X. J.
name: Kellar, S. A.
name: Feng, D. L.
name: Lu, E. D.
name: Shimoyama, J. -I.
name: Kishio, K.
name: Hussain, Z.
name: Shen, Z. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution angle resolved photoemission data from Pb doped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 (Bi2212) with suppressed superstructure is presented. Improved resolution and very high momentum space sampling at various photon energies reveal the presence of two Fermi surface pieces. One has the hole-like topology, while the other one has its van Hove singularity very close to (pi,0), its topology at some photon energies resembles the electron-like piece. This result provides a unifying picture of the Fermi surface in the Bi2212 compound and reconciles the conflicting reports.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Abundance analyses of cool extreme helium stars
Creators: name: Pandey, Gajendra
name: Rao, N. Kameswara
name: Lambert, David L.
name: Jeffery, C. Simon
name: Asplund, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme helium stars (EHe) with effective temperatures from 8000K to 13000K are among the coolest EHe stars and overlap the hotter R CrB stars in effective temperature. The cool EHes may represent an evolutionary link between the hot EHes and the R CrBs. Abundance analyses of four cool EHes are presented. To test for an evolutionary connection, the chemical compositions of cool EHes are compared with those of hot EHes and R CrBs. Relative to Fe, the N abundance of these stars is intermediate between those of hot EHes and R CrBs. For the R CrBs, the metallicity M derived from the mean of Si and S appears to be more consistent with the kinematics than that derived from Fe. When metallicity M derived from Si and S replaces Fe, the observed N abundances of EHes and R CrBs fall at or below the upper limit corresponding to thorough conversion of initial C and O to N. There is an apparent difference between the composition of R CrBs and EHes; the former having systematically higher [N/M] ratios. The material present in the atmospheres of many R CrBs is heavily CN- and ON-cycled. Most of the EHes have only CN-cycled material in their atmospheres. There is an indication that the CN- and ON-cycled N in EHes was partially converted to Ne by $α$-captures. If EHes are to evolve to R CrBs, fresh C in EHes has to be converted to N. If Ne is found to be normal in R CrBs, the proposal that EHes evolve to R CrBs fails. The idea that R CrBs evolve to EHes is ruled out; the N abundance in R CrBs has to be reduced to the level of EHes, as the C/He which is observed to be uniform across EHes, has to be maintained. Hence, the inferred [N/M], C/He, [Ne/M], and the H-abundances of these two groups indicate that the EHes and the R CrBs may not be on the same evolutionary path.
description: 24 pages (MNRAS Journal style), 7 tables, 19 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Effects of Boson Dispersion in Fermion-Boson Coupled Systems
Creators: name: Motome, Yukitoshi
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonlinear feedback in a fermion-boson system using an extension of dynamical mean-field theory and the quantum Monte Carlo method. In the perturbative regimes (weak-coupling and atomic limits) the effective interaction among fermions increases as the width of the boson dispersion increases. In the strong coupling regime away from the anti-adiabatic limit, the effective interaction decreases as we increase the width of the boson dispersion. This behavior is closely related with complete softening of the boson field. We elucidate the parameters that control this nonperturbative region where fluctuations of the dispersive bosons enhance the delocalization of fermions.
description: 14 pages RevTeX including 12 PS figures
Increasing Emotional Support in Males
Creators: name: Makal, Sophia
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170105 Gender Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Previous research on emotional support provision has often shown that women are more willing to give emotional support than men, but little work has been done to understand why this occurs or how to eliminate the gender difference. The present study explored the theory that providing emotional support is a threat to males’ masculinity, self-esteem, and/or self-integrity, causing the gender difference in emotional support provision. This study also examined possible means of decreasing feelings of threat in males, and ultimately increasing emotional support provision,through the use of self-affirmation (affirming the self by thinking about one’s important values) and security priming (increasing feelings of attachment security by thinking about one’s secure relationships). Participants in an online study (Mage =48.62 years) were randomly assigned to a self-affirmation, security prime, or control condition prior to imagining themselves in a scenario involving a friend in a difficult situation and in need of emotional support. Participants then reported feelings of masculinity, self-esteem, and self-integrity, and completed self-report and behavioral measures of emotional support provision. Results partially supported hypotheses by revealing a marginal condition x gender interaction predicting self-reported emotional support, such that females in the control condition reported more emotional support than males, but the gender difference was eliminated in the security priming condition. There were no significant effects for the behavioral measure of emotional support provision, the proposed mechanisms, or the self-affirmation manipulation. Implications of results are discussed.
Bulk Tunneling at Integer Quantum Hall Transitions
Creators: name: Wang, Ziqiang
name: Xiong, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tunneling into the {\em bulk} of a 2D electron system (2DES) in strong magnetic field is studied near the integer quantum Hall transitions. We present a nonperturbative calculation of the tunneling density of states (TDOS) for both Coulomb and short-ranged electron-electron interactions. In the case of Coulomb interaction, the TDOS exhibits a 2D quantum Coulomb gap behavior, $ν(\ve)=C_Q\ave/e^4$, with $C_Q$ a nonuniversal coefficient of quantum mechanical origin. For short-ranged interactions, we find that the TDOS at low bias follows $ν(\ve)/ν(0)=1+(\ave/\ve_0)^γ$, where $γ$ is a universal exponent determined by the scaling dimension of short-ranged interactions.
description: 4 pages, revtex, final version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
MOBIUS: Model-Oblivious Binarized Neural Networks
Creators: name: Kitai, Hiromasa
name: Cruz, Jason Paul
name: Yanai, Naoto
name: Nishida, Naohisa
name: Oba, Tatsumi
name: Unagami, Yuji
name: Teruya, Tadanori
name: Attrapadung, Nuttapong
name: Matsuda, Takahiro
name: Hanaoka, Goichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A privacy-preserving framework in which a computational resource provider receives encrypted data from a client and returns prediction results without decrypting the data, i.e., oblivious neural network or encrypted prediction, has been studied in machine learning that provides prediction services. In this work, we present MOBIUS (Model-Oblivious BInary neUral networkS), a new system that combines Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) and secure computation based on secret sharing as tools for scalable and fast privacy-preserving machine learning. BNNs improve computational performance by binarizing values in training to $-1$ and $+1$, while secure computation based on secret sharing provides fast and various computations under encrypted forms via modulo operations with a short bit length. However, combining these tools is not trivial because their operations have different algebraic structures and the use of BNNs downgrades prediction accuracy in general. MOBIUS uses improved procedures of BNNs and secure computation that have compatible algebraic structures without downgrading prediction accuracy. We created an implementation of MOBIUS in C++ using the ABY library (NDSS 2015). We then conducted experiments using the MNIST dataset, and the results show that MOBIUS can return a prediction within 0.76 seconds, which is six times faster than SecureML (IEEE S\&P 2017). MOBIUS allows a client to request for encrypted prediction and allows a trainer to obliviously publish an encrypted model to a cloud provided by a computational resource provider, i.e., without revealing the original model itself to the provider.
Tm-doped Crystals for mid-IR Optical Cryocoolers and Radiation Balanced Lasers
Creators: name: Rostami, Saeid
name: Albrecht, Alexander R.
name: Volpi, Azzurra
name: Hehlen, Markus P.
name: Tonelli, Mauro
name: Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the complete characterization of various cooling grade Tm-doped crystals including the first demonstration of optical refrigeration in Tm:YLF crystals. Room temperature laser cooling efficiencies of 1% and 2% (mol) Tm:YLF, and 1% Tm:BYF crystals at different excitation polarizations are measured and their external quantum efficiency and background absorption are extracted. By performing detailed low-temperature spectroscopic analysis of the samples, global minimum achievable temperatures of 160 K to 110 K are estimated. The potential of Tm-doped crystals to realize mid-IR optical cryocoolers and radiation balanced lasers (RBLs) in the eye-safe region of the spectrum is discussed, and a promising 2-tone RBL in a tandem structure of Tm:YLF and Ho:YLF crystals is proposed.
description: References were updated. (4 pages, 5 figures)
Improved constraints on possible variation of physical constants from H I 21cm and molecular QSO absorption lines
Creators: name: Murphy, M. T.
name: Webb, J. K.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Drinkwater, M. J.
name: Combes, F.
name: Wiklind, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QSO absorption spectra provide an extremely useful probe of possible cosmological variation in various physical constants. Comparison of H I 21cm absorption with corresponding molecular (rotational) absorption spectra allows us to constrain variation in y=alpha^2*g_p where alpha is the fine structure constant and g_p is the proton g-factor. We analyse spectra of two QSOs, PKS 1413+135 and TXS 0218+357, and derive values of dy/y at absorption redshifts of z=0.2467 and 0.6847 by simultaneous fitting of the H I 21cm and molecular lines. We find dy/y=(-0.20 +/- 0.44)*10^{-5} and dy/y=(-0.16 +/- 0.54)*10^{-5} respectively, indicating an insignificantly smaller y in the past. We compare our results with other recent constraints from the same two QSOs (Drinkwater et al. 1998; Carilli et al. 2000) and with our recent optical constraints which indicated a smaller alpha at higher redshifts.
description: 6 Pages, 3 Figures, Accepted to MNRAS, small changes after referee's comments, accepted version
Braggoriton--Excitation in Photonic Crystal Infiltrated with Polarizable Medium
Creators: name: Sivachenko, A. Yu.
name: Raikh, M. E.
name: Vardeny, Z. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light propagation in a photonic crystal infiltrated with polarizable molecules is considered. We demonstrate that the interplay between the spatial dispersion caused by Bragg diffraction and polaritonic frequency dispersion gives rise to novel propagating excitations, or braggoritons, with intragap frequencies. We derive the braggoriton dispersion relation and show that it is governed by two parameters, namely, the strength of light-matter interaction and detuning between the Bragg frequency and that of the infiltrated molecules. We also study defect-induced states when the photonic band gap is divided into two subgaps by the braggoritonic branches and find that each defect creates two intragap localized states inside each subgap.
description: LaTeX, 8 pages, 5 figures
Evidence for Asphericity in a Subluminous Type Ia Supernova: Spectropolarimetry of SN 1999by
Creators: name: Howell, D. Andrew
name: Hoeflich, Peter
name: Wang, Lifan
name: Wheeler, J. Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present polarization spectra near maximum light for the strongly subluminous Type Ia supernova 1999by that show that the supernova is intrinsically polarized. SN 1999by has an observed, overall level of polarization of ~0.3 to 0.8%, a rise of the polarization P redward of 6500 A, and a change in polarization across the Si II 6150 A feature of about 0.4%. The distribution of points with wavelength using an empirical Q-U plane method reveals that SN 1999by has a well-defined axis of symmetry and suggests an interstellar polarization (ISP) vector with P(ISP)=0.3% and position angle Theta = 150 deg with an error circle in the Q-U plane of radius about 0.1%. Synthetic NLTE-spectra for axisymmetric configurations based on delayed detonation models have been computed assuming ellipsoidal geometry. Both flux and polarization spectra can be reasonably well reproduced by models with an asphericity of ~20 % observed equator-on. The general properties of the polarization can be understood as a consequence of the structure of subluminous models. The low upper limits for polarization determined for many normal events in contrast to the high polarization in SN 1999by may suggest a relation between the asymmetry we observed and the mechanism that produces a subluminous Type Ia. Among various mechanisms, rapid rotation of the progenitor white dwarf, or an explosion during a binary white dwarf merger process are likely candidates to explain the asphericity in SN 1999by.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 50 pages, 12 figures (5 color)
Thermodynamics of doped Kondo insulator in one dimension: Finite Temperature DMRG Study
Creators: name: Shibata, N.
name: Tsunetsugu, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The finite-temperature density-matrix renormalization-group method is applied to the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model near half filling to study its thermodynamics. The spin and charge susceptibilities and entropy are calculated down to T=0.03t. We find two crossover temperatures near half filling. The higher crossover temperature continuously connects to the spin gap at half filling, and the susceptibilities are suppressed around this temperature. At low temperatures, the susceptibilities increase again with decreasing temperature when doping is finite. We confirm that they finally approach to the values obtained in the Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquid ground state for several parameters. The crossover temperature to the TL liquid is a new energy scale determined by gapless excitations of the TL liquid. The transition from the metallic phase to the insulating phase is accompanied by the vanishing of the lower crossover temperature.
description: 4 pages, 7 Postscript figures, REVTeX
Bloch Walls and Macroscopic String States in Bethe's solution of the Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Linear Chain
Creators: name: Dhar, Abhishek
name: Shastry, B Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the lowest excited states of the Heisenberg ferromagnet in 1-d for any wave vector. These turn out to be string solutions of Bethe's equations with a macroscopic number of particles in them. These are identified as generalized quantum Bloch wall states, and a simple physical picture provided for the same.
description: 4 pages, RevTex, 2 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Anomalous impurity effects in nonadiabatic superconductors
Creators: name: Scattoni, M.
name: Grimaldi, C.
name: Pietronero, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, in contrast with the usual electron-phonon Migdal-Eliashberg theory, the critical temperature Tc of an isotropic s-wave nonadiabatic superconductor is strongly reduced by the presence of diluted non-magnetic impurities. Our results suggest that the recently observed Tc-suppression driven by disorder in K3C60 [Phys. Rev. B vol.55, 3866 (1997)] and in Nd(2-x)CexCuO(4-delta) [Phys. Rev. B vol.58, 8800 (1998)] could be explained in terms of a nonadiabatic electron-phonon coupling. Moreover, we predict that the isotope effect on Tc has an impurity dependence qualitatively different from the one expected for anisotropic superconductors.
description: 10 pages, euromacr.tex, europhys.sty, 6 figures. Replaced with accepted version (Europhysics Letters)
Application of an extended van der Pauw method to anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements of ferromagnetic films
Creators: name: Kateb, Movaffaq
name: Jacobsen, Egill
name: Ingvarsson, Snorri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate anisotropic resistivity measurements using the extended van der Pauw (vdP) method in ferromagnetic Ni80Fe20 (Py) films. We apply it to measure anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and compare the results of the vdP method with the more conventional Hall-bar method along the hard and easy axis of the film and show that the vdP method gives more reliable AMR result. For instance, the AMR result along the hard and easy axis of the film are in close agreement. Further, we applied the vdP method to study AMR in a series of Py films with thicknesses ranging between 10-250 nm. The films were grown by sputtering deposition at an angle with respect to the substrate normal and with an in-situ magnetic field, both conditions assisting in the definition of in-plane uniaxial anisotropy. The microstructure of Py films was characterized using X-ray reflectivity, diffraction and polar mapping of (111) planes. We detected no off-normal texture and negligible surface roughness, which indicates that self-shadowing is not dominating in our growth. Yet the films have well defined uniaxial anisotropy. Abrupt changes in the average resistivity vs. film thickness were observed, which cannot be explained by the models accounting for the thickness and grain size but strongly correlate with the changes in (111) texture in the films. We compared our results with the literature and show that independent of growth method, substrate and deposition temperature, the AMR value presents a saturation behavior with thickness at about 100 nm.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Making the best of a bad situation: a multiscale approach to free energy calculation
Creators: name: Invernizzi, Michele
name: Parrinello, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many enhanced sampling techniques rely on the identification of a number of collective variables that describe all the slow modes of the system. By constructing a bias potential in this reduced space one is then able to sample efficiently and reconstruct the free energy landscape. In methods like metadynamics, the quality of these collective variables plays a key role in convergence efficiency. Unfortunately in many systems of interest it is not possible to identify an optimal collective variable, and one must deal with the non-ideal situation of a system in which some slow modes are not accelerated. We propose a two-step approach in which, by taking into account the residual multiscale nature of the problem, one is able to significantly speed up convergence. To do so, we combine an exploratory metadynamics run with an optimization of the free energy difference between metastable states, based on the recently proposed variationally enhanced sampling method. This new method is well parallelizable and is especially suited for complex systems, because of its simplicity and clear underlying physical picture.
Frustrated trimer chain model and Cu3Cl6(H2O)2 2H8C4SO2 in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Honecker, A.
name: Läuchli, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent magnetization and susceptibility measurements on Cu3Cl6(H2O)2 2H8C4SO2 by Ishii et.al. [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 69, 340 (2000)] have demonstrated the existence of a spin gap. In order to explain the opening of a spin gap in this copper-trimer system, Ishii et.al. have proposed a frustrated trimer chain model. Since the exchange constants for this model have not yet been determined, we develop a twelfth-order high-temperature series for the magnetic susceptibility and fit it to the experimentally measured one. We find that some of the coupling constants are likely to be ferromagnetic. The combination of several arguments does not provide any evidence for a spin gap in the parameter region with ferromagnetic coupling constants, but further results e.g. for the magnetization process are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.
description: 9 pages REVTeX, 4 PostScript figures included using psfig.sty; for series and supplementary material see http://www.tu-bs.de/~honecker/3mer/ or http://www.itp.phys.ethz.ch/staff/laeuchli/3mer ; substantial reorganization including shifting part of the discussion to WWW pages with "supplementary material"; new appendix shows that antiferromagnetic J_i > 0 are not compatible with the experimental data for the magnetic susceptibility
Physical, Psychological, and Emotional Causality
Creators: name: Maeng, You Bin
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Previous studies have suggested that adults and infants learn about causal relationships through Bayesian structure learning rather than through associative learning(e.g., Griffiths, Sobel, Tenenbaum, & Gopnik, 2011; Sobel, Tenenbaum, & Gopnik, 2004). This view ostensibly garners support from research that has used a blicket detector, which is a machine that lights up and plays music when certain objects are placed on it (e.g., Sobel et al., 2004; Sobel & Kirkham, 2006). Although a large database exists on physical causal inference, there is a dearth of causality research in other domains, such as psychological and emotional causality, particularly among adult populations. Because little research on causal inference has been conducted with adults in a blicket-detector-like context, this study investigated whether adults reason about causal events through Bayesian inference or associative learning and whether adults are capable of making physical, psychological, and emotional causal inference in a blicket detector paradigm. The results supported the hypothesis that adults are able to make physical, psychological, and emotional causal inference but failed to support the hypothesis that adults use associative learning to reason about causal relationships and showed that adults use Bayesian structure learning.
Mesoscopic superconducting disks
Creators: name: Deo, P. Singha
name: Peeters, F. M.
name: Schweigert, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the non-linear Ginzburg-Landau (GL) eqs. type I superconducting disks of finite radius ($R$) and thickness ($d$) are studied in a perpendicular magnetic field. Depending on $R$ and $d$, first or second order phase transitions are found for the normal to superconducting state. For sufficiently large $R$ several transitions in the superconducting phase are found corresponding to different angular momentum giant vortex states. In increasing magnetic field the superconductor is in its ground state, while in field down sweep it is possible to drive the system into metastable states. We also present a quantitative analysis of the relation between the detector output and the sample magnetization. The latter, and the incorporation of the finite thickness of the disks, are essential in order to obtain quantitative agreement with experiment.
description: A brief review with new results