cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of patient education as a stand-alone intervention for patients with chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Creators: name: Duhn, PH
name: Wæhrens, EE
name: Pedersen, MB
name: Nielsen, SM
name: Locht, H
name: Bliddal, H
name: Christensen, R
name: Amris, K
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Patient education is recommended as an integral component of the therapeutic plan for the management of chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia (FM). The key purpose of patient education is to increase the patient’s competence to manage his or her own health requirements, encouraging self-management and a return to desired everyday activities and lifestyle. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence for the benefits and potential harms associated with the use of patient education as a stand-alone intervention for individuals with CWP and FM through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). On 24 November 2021 a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, American College of Rheumatology, European League Against Rheumatism, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform identified 2069 studies. After full-text screening, five RCT studies were found to be eligible for the qualitative evidence synthesis. Patient education as a stand-alone intervention presented an improvement in patients’ global assessment (standardized mean difference 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 1.46). When comparing patient education with usual care, no intervention, or waiting list, no differences were found for functioning, level of pain, emotional distress in regard to anxiety and depression, or pain cognition. This review reveals the need for RCTs investigating patient education as a stand-alone intervention for patients with FM, measuring outcomes such as disease acceptance, health-related quality of life, enhancement of patients’ knowledge of pain, pain coping skills, and evaluation of prioritized learning outcomes.
Lobby index as a network centrality measure
Creators: name: Campiteli, Monica G.
name: Holanda, Adriano J.
name: Soares, Leonardo D. H.
name: Soles, Paulo R. C.
name: Kinouchi, Osame
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the lobby index (l-index for short) as a local node centrality measure for complex networks. The l-inde is compared with degree (a local measure), betweenness and Eigenvector centralities (two global measures) in the case of biological network (Yeast interaction protein-protein network) and a linguistic network (Moby Thesaurus II). In both networks, the l-index has poor correlation with betweenness but correlates with degree and Eigenvector. Being a local measure, one can take advantage by using the l-index because it carries more information about its neighbors when compared with degree centrality, indeed it requires less time to compute when compared with Eigenvector centrality. Results suggests that l-index produces better results than degree and Eigenvector measures for ranking purposes, becoming suitable as a tool to perform this task.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1005.4803
Correlations between components of the water balance and burned area reveal new insights for predicting forest fire area in the southwest United States
Creators: name: Williams, A. Park
name: Seager, Richard
name: Macalady, Alison K.
name: Berkelhammer, Max
name: Crimmins, Michael A.
name: Swetnam, Thomas W.
name: Trugman, Anna T.
name: Buenning, Nikolaus
name: Noone, David
name: McDowell, Nate G.
name: Hryniw, Natalia
name: Mora, Claudia I.
name: Rahn, Thom
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Water balance (Hydrology)
Forest fires
Forest fire forecasting
Climatic changes
Global warming

description: We related measurements of annual burned area in the southwest United States during 1984–2013 to records of climate variability. Within forests, annual burned area correlated at least as strongly with spring–summer vapour pressure deficit (VPD) as with 14 other drought-related metrics, including more complex metrics that explicitly represent fuel moisture. Particularly strong correlations with VPD arise partly because this term dictates the atmospheric moisture demand. Additionally, VPD responds to moisture supply, which is difficult to measure and model regionally due to complex micrometeorology, land cover and terrain. Thus, VPD appears to be a simple and holistic indicator of regional water balance. Coupled with the well-known positive influence of prior-year cold season precipitation on fuel availability and connectivity, VPD may be utilised for burned area forecasts and also to infer future trends, though these are subject to other complicating factors such as land cover change and management. Assuming an aggressive greenhouse gas emissions scenario, climate models predict mean spring–summer VPD will exceed the highest recorded values in the southwest in nearly 40% of years by the middle of this century. These results forewarn of continued increases in burned forest area in the southwest United States, and likely elsewhere, when fuels are not limiting.
RAISING THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND BUILDING COMPETENCE OF OPEN SCIENCE ON THE BASIS OF THE RESEARCHGATE PLATFORM
Creators: name: GORIKHOVSKY, Maxim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Відкрита наука спрямована на створення суспільних наукових благ шляхом обміну результатами та розширення та сприяння співпраці на одному або багатьох різних етапах дослідження. Є багато корисних аспектів відкритої науки. ResearchGate - це наукова мережа, яка враховує два важливих фактори для формування компетентності Відкритої науки. Перший фактор - характеристики співпраці, а другий — аспекти доступу до спільних результатів, причому співпраця можлива 24/7 із будь якої точки світу. Open science aims to create public scientific goods by sharing results and expanding and facilitating collaboration at one or many different stages of research. There are many beneficial aspects of open science. ResearchGate is a scientific network that takes into account two important factors for the formation of Open Science competence. The first factor is the characteristics of cooperation, and the second is the aspects of access to joint results, and cooperation is possible 24/7.
A study of the effects of repeated tension impact loads upon certain metals used in aircraft construction
Creators: name: Olsen, Carl Baker
name: Brown, Sheldon Willis
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1942
Subjects: Aeronautical Engineering
Aeronautics

description: The repeated tension impact properties of a manganese bronze, used in aircraft landing gear fittings, are presented in this report.

The repeated tension impact test apparatus was adapted to take specimens in the form of sheet as well as specimens of the conventional bar type. With the modified apparatus, data on Alcoa 24 S-T and Dowmetal J-1H sheet specimens of varying thicknesses were obtained in order to present the aircraft designer with information directly applicable to the sheet materials currently in use.

An investigation was made of the effect of service operation on the repeated tension impact properties of three 25 S-T propeller blades. For this purpose, propeller blades were used with approximately 5,314, and 788 hours of service operation.

A new machine, specifically designed for repeated tension impact testing, was placed in commission. With this machine, repeated tension impact test data on 24 S-T bar stock were extended to higher velocity ranges in an effort to determine the effect of velocity of impact.
A Conversation About Data on Race & Ethnicity Around the World
Creators: name: Bordelon, Bobray J.
name: Cooper, Alexandra
name: de Noronha, Nigel
name: Levergood, Barbara
name: Manuel, Kevin
name: Perry, Anja
name: Wiltshire, Deborah
name: Zald, Anne E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: data search
census data
international comparison
data librarian
race
ethnicity
migration

description: The Black Lives Matter and Indigenous rights movements, as well as international migration in recent years have raised awareness of issues around inequalities because of race and ethnicity. In turn, this has prompted many organisations and groups such as IASSIST to reexamine their own understanding and knowledge, processes and practices. In response, the IASSIST Anti-Racism Interest Group was formed and brought together data stewards and librarians who had some or no prior expertise but who were interested in having a conversation about race and ethnicity in terms of data available for research and exploring how they could support the vital work in this field. This webinar took place on November 30, 2022, 11 am - 12:30 pm EST. It was organized by the Anti-Racism Resources Interest Group and the IASSIST Professional Development Committee and marks the beginning of that conversation with a focus on the data that is available for research. Bringing together a panel of data stewards and librarians from 4 countries - Canada, the US, the UK and Germany - this webinar aims to discuss and review these key questions: How are race and ethnicity recorded in the national Censuses and other key data sources? Have these definitions changed over time? What groups are identified, how much detail is available? What are some of the key issues with these data?
Relaying Protocols for Wireless Energy Harvesting and Information Processing
Creators: name: Nasir, A. A.
name: Zhou, X.
name: Durrani, S.
name: Kennedy, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An emerging solution for prolonging the lifetime of energy constrained relay nodes in wireless networks is to avail the ambient radio-frequency (RF) signal and to simultaneously harvest energy and process information. In this paper, an amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network is considered, where an energy constrained relay node harvests energy from the received RF signal and uses that harvested energy to forward the source information to the destination. Based on the time switching and power splitting receiver architectures, two relaying protocols, namely, i) time switching-based relaying (TSR) protocol and ii) power splitting-based relaying (PSR) protocol are proposed to enable energy harvesting and information processing at the relay. In order to determine the throughput, analytical expressions for the outage probability and the ergodic capacity are derived for delay-limited and delay-tolerant transmission modes, respectively. The numerical analysis provides practical insights into the effect of various system parameters, such as energy harvesting time, power splitting ratio, source transmission rate, source to relay distance, noise power, and energy harvesting efficiency, on the performance of wireless energy harvesting and information processing using AF relay nodes. In particular, the TSR protocol outperforms the PSR protocol in terms of throughput at relatively low signal-to-noise-ratios and high transmission rate.
description: 30 pages, accepted to appear in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
An investigation of a method of underwater propulsion by direct gas injection
Creators: name: Baranowski, John J.
name: Seiler, Dayton A.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1944
Subjects: Aeronautical Engineering
Aeronautics

description: This report presents the results of an investigation of
a method of underwater propulsion. The propelling system utilizes
the energy of a small mass of expanding gas to accelerate the flow
of a large mass of water through an open ended duct of proper shape
and dimensions to obtain a resultant thrust. The investigation was
limited to making a large number of runs on a hydroduct of arbitrary
design, varying between wide limits the water flow and gas flow
through the device, and measuring the net thrust caused by the
introduction and expansion of the gas.

In comparison with the effective exhaust velocity of about
6,000 feet per second observed in rocket motors, this hydroduct model
attained a maximum effective exhaust velocity of more than 27,000
feet per second, using nitrogen gas. Using hydrogen gas, effective
exhaust velocities of 146,000 feet per second were obtained. Further
investigation should prove this method of propulsion not only to be
practical but very efficient.

This investigation was conducted at Project No. 1, Guggenheim
Aeronautical Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California.
A Diagnosis of the Seasonally and Longitudinally Varying Midlatitude Circulation Response to Global Warming
Creators: name: Simpson, Isla R.
name: Shaw, Tiffany Ann
name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Global warming
Eddies
Standing waves
Climatic changes
Climatology

description: Zonal-mean or basin-mean analyses often conclude that the midlatitude circulation will undergo a poleward shift with global warming. In this study, the models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project are used to provide a detailed examination of midlatitude circulation change as a function of longitude and season. The two-dimensional vertically integrated momentum budget is used to identify the dominant terms that maintain the anomalous surface wind stress, thereby allowing a distinction between features that are maintained by high-frequency eddies and those that involve changes in the lower-frequency or stationary flow. In the zonal mean, in each season and hemisphere there is a poleward shifting of the midlatitude surface wind stress, primarily maintained by high-frequency transient eddies. This is not necessarily the case locally. In the Southern Hemisphere, for the most part, the interpretation of the response as being a high-frequency eddy-driven poleward shifting of the midlatitude westerlies holds true. The Northern Hemisphere is considerably more complex with only the fall months showing a robust poleward shift of both the Atlantic and Pacific jets. During the winter months the jet in the east Pacific actually shifts equatorward and the Atlantic jet strengthens over Europe. An important role for altered climatological stationary waves in these responses is found. This motivates future work that should focus on zonal asymmetries and stationary wave changes, as well as the changes in high-frequency transients that bring about the poleward shifting of the westerlies in the zonal mean.
Causes and Predictability of the 2012 Great Plains Drought
Creators: name: Hoerling, Martin P.
name: Eischeid, J.
name: Kumar, Arun
name: Leung, R.
name: Mariotti, Annarita
name: Mo, Kingtse C.
name: Schubert, Siegfried D.
name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Droughts
Drought forecasting
Hydrology
Climatic changes--Models

description: Central Great Plains precipitation deficits during May–August 2012 were the most severe since at least 1895, eclipsing the Dust Bowl summers of 1934 and 1936. Drought developed suddenly in May, following near-normal precipitation during winter and early spring. Its proximate causes were a reduction in atmospheric moisture transport into the Great Plains from the Gulf of Mexico. Processes that generally provide air mass lift and condensation were mostly absent, including a lack of frontal cyclones in late spring followed by suppressed deep convection in the summer owing to large-scale subsidence and atmospheric stabilization. Seasonal forecasts did not predict the summer 2012 central Great Plains drought development, which therefore arrived without early warning. Climate simulations and empirical analysis suggest that ocean surface temperatures together with changes in greenhouse gases did not induce a substantial reduction in sum mertime precipitation over the central Great Plains during 2012. Yet, diagnosis of the retrospective climate simulations also reveals a regime shift toward warmer and drier summertime Great Plains conditions during the recent decade, most probably due to natural decadal variability. As a consequence, the probability of the severe summer Great Plains drought occurring may have increased in the last decade compared to the 1980s and 1990s, and the so-called tail risk for severe drought may have been heightened in summer 2012. Such an extreme drought event was nonetheless still found to be a rare occurrence within the spread of 2012 climate model simulations. The implications of this study's findings for U.S. seasonal drought forecasting are discussed.
On fundamental groups with the quotient topology
Creators: name: Brazas, Jeremy
name: Fabel, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55Q52

description: The quasitopological fundamental group $π_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ is the fundamental group endowed with the natural quotient topology inherited from the space of based loops and is typically non-discrete when $X$ does not admit a traditional universal cover. This topologized fundamental group is an invariant of homotopy type which has the ability to distinguish weakly homotopy equivalent and shape equivalent spaces. In this paper, we clarify various relationships among topological properties of the group $π_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ and properties of the underlying space $X$ such as `$π_{1}$-shape injectivity' and `homotopically path-Hausdorff.' A space $X$ is $π_1$-shape injective if the fundamental group canonically embeds in the first shape group so that the elements of $π_1(X,x_0)$ can be represented as sequences in an inverse limit. We show a locally path connected metric space $X$ is $π_1$-shape injective if and only if $π_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ is invariantly separated in the sense that the intersection of all open invariant (i.e. normal) subgroups is the trivial subgroup. In the case that $X$ is not $π_1$-shape injective, the homotopically path-Hausdorff property is useful for distinguishing homotopy classes of loops and guarantees the existence of certain generalized covering maps. We show that a locally path connected space $X$ is homotopically path-Hausdorff if and only if $π_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ satisfies the $T_1$ separation axiom.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures, minor revisions made in v2, title and abstract edited in v3
New configurations of the tele-extraction concept
Creators: name: Lundbäck, Mikael
name: Häggström, Carola
name: Fjeld, Dag
name: Nordfjell, Tomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Within cut-to-length forwarding, a theoretical semi-autonomous teleoperation concept called tele-extraction, with automation of crane work and teleoperation of driving, was modeled and simulated. Both configurations modeled had greater potential for cost reduction than a previously studied alternative where the driving was automated, and crane work was teleoperated. Teledrive with teleoperated driving empty, driving loaded, and driving between log piles while loading, showed a reduced cost of 10% for five operators on ten forwarders, whereas teledrive with both loading and driving while loading automated showed a reduced cost of 18% at four operators. In both configurations, the lowest cost was reached at about 10% lower productivity compared to standard forwarding. Increased extraction distance had a negative impact on potential for cost reduction since the driving was teleoperated while terminal activities were autonomous.
Performance of pip's Dependency Resolver: Are We There Yet?
Creators: name: Phong, Nguyễn Gia
name: Ngô Xuân Minh
name: Nguyễn Hồng Quang
name: Nguyễn Như Hiếu
name: Đinh Gia Lượng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: pip
dependency resolution
benchmark

description: This tries to partially answer the question raised at pip's issue 8664: New resolver: What performance is acceptable, and are we there yet? The benchmark here only focus on the download operation of
 the top PyPI packages.
description: {"references": ["Samarth Tambad, Rohit Nandwani, Suzanne K. McIntosh. Analyzing programming languages by community characteristics on Github and StackOverflow. https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.01351", "Python Packaging Authority. Installing packages using pip and virtual environments. https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/", "Python Software Foundation. Mozilla and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to support pip. http://pyfound.blogspot.com/2019/12/moss-czi-support-pip.html", "Sumana Harihareswara. pip 20.3 release plan. https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8936#issuecomment-716627313", "Hugo van Kemenade, & Richard Si. (2020, November 1). hugovk/top-pypi-packages: Release 2020.11 (Version 2020.11). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4173086", "Assaf Gordon. GNU time. https://www.gnu.org/software/time/", "Xavier Fernandez. Cache find best candidate. https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/9078"]}
Mediterranean Summer Climate and the Importance of Middle East Topography
Creators: name: Simpson, Isla R.
name: Seager, Richard
name: Shaw, Tiffany Ann
name: Ting, Mingfang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Standing waves
Dynamics
Mountains
Summer
Climatic changes

description: In summer, the atmospheric circulation over the Mediterranean is characterized by localized intense subsidence and low-level northerlies over the central to eastern portion of the basin. Here, simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 are used to investigate the influence of the elevated terrain of North Africa and the Middle East on this summertime circulation. This builds on previous work that recognized a role for North African topography in localizing the Mediterranean subsidence. By flattening the two regions of elevated terrain in the model, it is demonstrated that, while they both conspire to produce about 30% of the summertime subsidence, contrary to previous work, the mountains of the Middle East dominate in this topographic contribution by far. This topography, consisting primarily of the Zagros mountain range, alters the circulation throughout the depth of the troposphere over the Mediterranean and farther east. The model results suggest that about 20% of the Mediterranean summertime moisture deficit can be attributed to this mountain-induced circulation. This topography, therefore, plays an important role in the climate of the Mediterranean and the large-scale circulation over the rest of Eurasia during the summer. Further stationary wave modeling reveals that the mountain influence is produced via mechanical forcing of the flow. The greatest influence of the topography occurs when the low-level incident flow is easterly, as happens during the summer, primarily because of the presence of condensational heating over Asia. During other seasons, when the low-level incident flow is westerly, the influence of Middle East topography on the Mediterranean is negligible.
A Mathematical Model for an Hourglass Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Ewertowski, Bartek
name: Basu, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting with a mathematical boundary value problem for the magnetic vector potential in an axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate system, we derive a general solution for any arbitrary current distribution using the method of Green's functions. We use this to derive an analytic form for an hourglass magnetic field pattern created by electrical currents that are concentrated near (but not confined within) the equatorial plane of a cylindrical coordinate system. Our solution is not characterized by a cusp at the equatorial plane, as in previous solutions based on a current sheet. The pattern we derive provides a very good fit to hourglass magnetic field patterns emerging from three-dimensional numerical simulations of core formation, and can in principle be used for source-fitting of observed magnetic hourglass patterns.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in ApJ (20 April 2013)
Photospheric activity, rotation and magnetic interaction in LHS 6343 A
Creators: name: Herrero, E.
name: Lanza, A. F.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Jordi, C.
name: Morales, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The Kepler mission has recently discovered a brown dwarf companion transiting one member of the M4V+M5V visual binary system LHS 6343 AB with an orbital period of 12.71 days. Aims. The particular interest of this transiting system lies in the synchronicity between the transits of the brown dwarf C component and the main modulation observed in the light curve, which is assumed to be caused by rotating starspots on the A component. We model the activity of this star by deriving maps of the active regions that allow us to study stellar rotation and the possible interaction with the brown dwarf companion. Methods. An average transit profile was derived, and the photometric perturbations due to spots occulted during transits are removed to derive more precise transit parameters. We applied a maximum entropy spot model to fit the out-of-transit optical modulation as observed by Kepler during an uninterrupted interval of 500 days. It assumes that stellar active regions consist of cool spots and bright faculae whose visibility is modulated by stellar rotation. Results. Thanks to the extended photometric time series, we refine the determination of the transit parameters and find evidence of spots that are occulted by the brown dwarf during its transits. The modelling of the out-of-transit light curve of LHS 6343 A reveals several starspots rotating with a slightly longer period than the orbital period of the brown dwarf, i.e., 13.13 +- 0.02 days. No signature attributable to differential rotation is observed. We find evidence of a persistent active longitude on the M dwarf preceding the sub- companion point by 100 deg and lasting for at least 500 days. This can be relevant for understanding how magnetic interaction works in low-mass binary and star-planet systems.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures
Decadal Hydroclimate Variability Across the Americas
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hydrology
Hydrologic cycle
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Climatic changes

description: Decadal hydroclimate variability in North America and tropical and extratropical South America is analyzed and possible mechanisms for its origin discussed. Focus is on southwestern North America (including Mexico) and the Great Plains, the northeast United States, northeast Brazil and southeastern South America. The varying roles of ocean forcing, internal atmospheric variability and radiatively-forced hydroclimate change are analyzed. In some regions such as southwest North America and the Plains, and northeast Brazil, decadal variations of hydroclimate are quite well understood and can be attributed to variations in tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. The mechanisms of tropical ocean influence are reviewed and a case is made that the precipitation anomalies across the Americas associated with the so-called Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are essentially the same as those associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and also derive from the tropical component of the PDO SST anomalies. In other regions, such as the northeast United States, strong decadal timescale variations are present but cannot be explained in terms of ocean forcing. Both there and in southeast South America decadal variations cannot easily be distinguished from secular wetting trends given the length of the observational record. Finally, it is shown that across much of the Americas near term future radiatively-forced precipitation change will be of the amplitude of historical decadal precipitation variability indicating an important and predictable change.
Physical Mechanisms of the California Drought
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Droughts
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Climatic changes

description: At the time of writing in February 2016, California has enjoyed some heavy rain and snow, as expected given the massive El Nino of 2015 and 2016. However, California experienced less-than-normal precipitation in each of the previous four winters and, despite some relief, almost the entire state remains in drought. As a four-winter average, 2011-15 was the driest California has experienced since statewide records, as reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which began recording in 1895. There is no long-term trend, either wetting or drying, in California precipitation, but instead a tremendous amount of variability both year-to-year and decade-to-decade. For example, a silar multiyear drought occurred in the late 1980s to the early 1990s while the 1920s were an overall dry decade and the 1990s an overall wet decade. Evidence from tree rings and lake levels also indicate truly long, multi-decadal, droughts during the medieval era (Stine 1994, Cook et al. 2010). So, given how variable California precipitation is, what caused this particular drought? Also, was human-driven climate change caused by rising greenhouse gases (GHGs) in any way involved? The results reported here largely follow from a study conducted by the NOAA Drought Task Force, a multi-institution group, and uses analysis of the instrumental record, simulations with atmosphere models forced by the observed sea surface temperature (SST) history and model simulations of the climate system response to changing atmospheric composition (e.g. GHGs) conducted for IPCC Assessment Report Five (Seager et al. 2014, 2015). Climate variability that brings droughts and foods can arise in two fundamental ways. The first is by internal atmospheric variability in which the chaotic flow of the atmosphere can give rise to long periods of drier or wetter, or warmer or colder, than normal weather. The second method is via anomalies in the SST around the world which cause changes in the flux of heat between the ocean and atmosphere that force changes in atmospheric circulation. SST anomalies in the tropics are most effective in this regard—the El Niño-Southern Oscillation is a prime example. Coupled atmosphere-ocean interactions lead to changes in heat transport by ocean currents that generate SST anomalies that alter the intensity and location of tropical rain systems. This induces atmospheric circulation anomalies across the globe, including over North America.
Quantum rate distortion coding with auxiliary resources
Creators: name: Wilde, Mark M.
name: Datta, Nilanjana
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We extend quantum rate distortion theory by considering auxiliary resources that might be available to a sender and receiver performing lossy quantum data compression. The first setting we consider is that of quantum rate distortion coding with the help of a classical side channel. Our result here is that the regularized entanglement of formation characterizes the quantum rate distortion function, extending earlier work of Devetak and Berger. We also combine this bound with the entanglement-assisted bound from our prior work to obtain the best known bounds on the quantum rate distortion function for an isotropic qubit source. The second setting we consider is that of quantum rate distortion coding with quantum side information (QSI) available to the receiver. In order to prove results in this setting, we first state and prove a quantum reverse Shannon theorem with QSI (for tensor-power states), which extends the known tensor-power quantum reverse Shannon theorem. The achievability part of this theorem relies on the quantum state redistribution protocol, while the converse relies on the fact that the protocol can cause only a negligible disturbance to the joint state of the reference and the receiver's QSI. This quantum reverse Shannon theorem with QSI naturally leads to quantum rate-distortion theorems with QSI, with or without entanglement assistance.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, IEEE format; v3: accepted into IEEE Transactions on Information Theory with minor changes
Maximal Secret Reconstruction, Teleportation and Bell's Inequality
Creators: name: Abrol, Pratishtha
name: Singh, Pahulpreet
name: Chakrabarty, Indranil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A tripartite state is said to be a potential resource for secret sharing if the state imposes restrictions on the teleportation fidelity of the bipartite dealer--reconstructor and dealer--assistant channels in addition of being useful for the state reconstruction. Given a secret shareable state in a pure three-qubit system, we are able to characterize the set of states with maximum possible reconstruction fidelity (abbreviated as MSR states) for a fixed value of the maximum teleportation fidelity that can be obtained out of both the dealer--receiver channels. Similarly for a value giving the maximum of Bell-CHSH value of both dealer--reconstructor and dealer--assistant channels, we are able to find the maximum achievable reconstruction fidelity. Interestingly, we find that all secret shareable states satisfy Bell's inequality in both dealer--reconstructor and dealer--assistant partitions. This brings out a new mutual exclusivity between secret shareable state and Bell's inequality violations. Our result paves the way in identifying the best candidate among the secret sharing resource states in achieving the maximum reconstruction fidelity thus by setting the practical information transfer limit in a possible resource theoretic extension of secret sharing. It also brings out a new kind of mutual exclusiveness between the bipartite correlation and in the ability of secret sharing in a tripartite setting.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, Appendix A and B
Definition of specifications and data requirements for electricity flexibility and energy market constraints
Creators: name: Pierri, Erika
name: Puschnigg, Stefan
name: Lindorfer, Johannes
name: Merello, Laura
name: Manariti, Roberta
name: Meneses, Pilar
name: Nikolopoulos, Aristeidis
name: Rouanet, Arnaud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Energy and materials flexibility
Energy management
Sustainable planning
Energy efficiency
Waste heat recovery
Valorisation
Monitoring systems
Energy intensive industry
Energy and resource flexibility in highly energy intensive industries

description: The main purpose of this document is to provide an overview of energy and gas markets in the countries represented by the project partners, as regards generation and demand, the main structure of the power market as well as the legal and economic framework. The main trends and differences among countries have been highlighted. This document is also meant to map the main requirement for energy flexibility strategies in the analysed countries, according to technological advances as well as to restrictions and specific regulations, especially what concerns the provision of ancillary services and implicit flexibility options. The contents are based on the analyses performed by the involved partners through detailed questionnaires, in order to collect comparable data and achieve a common framework within the task. Within Task 2.5, models to forecast the day-ahead price in the German market have been developed and will serve as a support for the decision making. Their description complements the information provided for the relative energy markets.
The Downward Influence of Uncertainty in the Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortex Response to Climate Change
Creators: name: Simpson, Isla R.
name: Hitchcock, Peter
name: Seager, Richard
name: Wu, Yutian
name: Callaghan, Patrick
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Stratospheric circulation
Polar vortex
Dynamics
Global warming

description: General circulation models display a wide range of future predicted changes in the Northern Hemisphere winter stratospheric polar vortex. The downward influence of this stratospheric uncertainty on the troposphere has previously been inferred from regression analyses across models and is thought to contribute to model spread in tropospheric circulation change. Here we complement such regression analyses with idealized experiments using one model where different changes in the zonal-mean stratospheric polar vortex are artificially imposed to mimic the extreme ends of polar vortex change simulated by models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The influence of the stratospheric vortex change on the tropospheric circulation in these experiments is quantitatively in agreement with the inferred downward influence from across-model regressions, indicating that such regressions depict a true downward influence of stratospheric vortex change on the troposphere below. With a relative weakening of the polar vortex comes a relative increase in Arctic sea level pressure (SLP), a decrease in zonal wind over the North Atlantic, drying over northern Europe, and wetting over southern Europe. The contribution of stratospheric vortex change to intermodel spread in these quantities is assessed in the CMIP5 models. The spread, as given by 4 times the across-model standard deviation, is reduced by roughly 10% on regressing out the contribution from stratospheric vortex change, while the difference between models on extreme ends of the distribution in terms of their stratospheric vortex change can reach up to 50% of the overall model spread for Arctic SLP and 20% of the overall spread in European precipitation.
Bell tests with min-entropy sources
Creators: name: Thinh, Le Phuc
name: Sheridan, Lana
name: Scarani, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Device independent protocols rely on the violation of Bell inequalities to certify properties of the resources available. The violation of the inequalities are meaningless without a few well-known assumptions. One of these is measurement independence, the property that the source of the states measured in an inequality is uncorrelated from the measurements selected. Since this assumption cannot be confirmed, we consider the consequences of relaxing it and find that the definition chosen is critically important to the observed behavior. Considering a definition that is a bound on the min-entropy of the measurement settings, we find lower bounds on the min-entropy of the seed used to choose the inputs required to deduce any quantum or non-local behavior from a Bell inequality violation. These bounds are significantly more restrictive than the ones obtained by endowing the seed with the further structure of a Santha-Vazirani source. We also outline a procedure for finding tight bounds and study the set of probabilities that can result from relaxing measurement dependence.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures; similar to published version; comments are welcomed
Integrated management of faba bean gall (Physoderma viciae) disease using fungicide, host resistance and intercropping in northwestern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Yitayih, Getnet
name: Fininsa, Chemeda
name: Terefe, Habtamu
name: Shibabaw, Agegnehu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Faba bean is an important food legume crop that is consumed in various forms of diets across the world, including Ethiopia. However, productivity of the crop is affected by faba bean gall (Physoderma viciae) disease in the highlands of Ethiopia. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate an integrated effect of fungicide applications, moderately resistant varieties, and intercropping on gall disease epidemic and yield of faba bean at Farta, Ethiopia, during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. Three Bayleton (triadimefon) fungicide applications (foliar spray, seed treatment, foliar spray + seed treatment) plus a control, three faba bean varieties, and two intercropping systems with sole cropping were used as treatments and arranged in a split-split plot design with three replications. Significant (p < 0.01) variations in gall disease components and faba bean yield were observed among treatments. Intercropping and the use of Bayleton applications in combination with the varieties Degaga and Tumsa reduced disease development and increased grain yield. The gall disease severity was reduced by spray applications at 90 days after planting. Intercropping of moderately resistant varieties Degaga and Tumsa with wheat and mustard significantly lowered the gall disease progression as compared to Bulga 70-wheat and -mustard intercropping in seed-treated plots. Integration of three sprays of Bayleton with Degaga provided the highest yield (5.27 t ha−1), followed by integrating foliar sprays + seed treatment with Degaga (4.97 t ha−1), and both treatments had higher net benefits than others in both years. Thus, integrating Bayleton as a seed treatment (1.5 g kg−1 of seeds) with moderately resistant varieties Degaga and Tumsa in both sole and intercropping systems could be used as cost-effective and environmentally safe management options.
New Law of Three Stages by Jose Vasconcelos
Creators: name: Philosophy, the Journal of Mexican
name: Tolley, Clinton
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220316 Philosophy of Specific Cultures (incl. Comparative Philosophy)
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220399 Philosophy not elsewhere classified
subject: Philosophy

description: Translation by Clinton Tolley.
Propagation of harmonic waves in an elastic rod of elliptical cross-section
Creators: name: Wong, Po Kee
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Using the potential equations of motion of linear elasticity, the propagation of harmonic waves in an infinite rod of elliptical cross-section is investigated. The frequency equations for the propagation of flexural waves in rods with (i) zero surface displacements, and (ii) zero surface stresses are obtained in the form of infinite determinants, the elements of which involve Mathieu functions and their derivatives. It is shown that these determinants can be written in diagonal form when the eccentricity goes to zero and in the light of this possible numerical procedures are discussed for small values of the eccentricity.
Blue Water Trade-Offs With Vegetation in a CO2-Enriched Climate
Creators: name: Mankin, Justin S.
name: Seager, Richard
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Williams, A. Park
name: Horton, Radley M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Hydrologic cycle
Runoff
Soil moisture
Geozonal ecosystems
Water-supply
Global warming

description: Present and future freshwater availability and drought risks are physically tied to the responses of surface vegetation to increasing CO2. A single-model large ensemble identifies the occurrence of colocated warming- and CO2-induced leaf area index increases with summer soil moisture declines. This pattern of “greening” and “drying,” which occurs over 42% of global vegetated land area, is largely attributable to changes in the partitioning of precipitation at the land surface away from runoff and toward terrestrial vegetation ecosystems. Changes in runoff and ecosystem partitioning are inversely related, with changes in runoff partitioning being governed by changes in precipitation (mean and extremes) and ecosystem partitioning being governed by ecosystem water use and surface resistance to evapotranspiration (ET). Projections show that warming-influenced and CO2-enriched terrestrial vegetation ecosystems use water that historically would have been partitioned to runoff over 48% of global vegetated land areas, largely in Western North America, the Amazon, and Europe, many of the same regions with colocated greening and drying. These results have implications for how water available for people will change in response to anthropogenic warming and raise important questions about model representations of vegetation water responses to high CO2.
Studies on the feasibility of isolating the acetyl choline receptor by means of affinity chromatography
Creators: name: Erb, Judith Louise
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1971
Subjects: Chemistry

description: Feasibility studies were conducted on the isolation of the acetyl choline receptor by means of affinity chromatography. Sepharose resins bearing acetyl choline receptor binding materials of at various distances from the backbone of the resin and of varying degrees of substitution were treated with extracts from electric eel organ, washed free of non-binding materials and the material bound to the column extracted by various means. Extracts from the column were studied for purity, binding to decamethonium and α-bungarotoxin, and presence or absence of acetyl cholinesterase or choline acetylase activity. Although material possessing the proper characteristics was extracted from some of the resins, electrophoretic purity was not obtained.