cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bromination of 2D materials
Creators: name: Freiberger, Eva Marie
name: Steffen, Julien
name: Waleska-Wellnhofer, Natalie J.
name: Hemauer, Felix
name: Schwaab, Valentin
name: Görling, Andreas
name: Steinrück, Hans-Peter
name: Papp, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: hexagonal boron nitride
subject: graphene
subject: bromine
subject: functionalization
subject: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
subject: molecular dynamics
subject: machine-learning force field
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The adsorption, reaction and thermal stability of bromine on Rh(111)-supported hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene were investigated. Synchrotron radiation-based high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed XPS allowed us to follow the adsorption process and the thermal evolution in situ on the molecular scale. On h-BN/Rh(111), bromine adsorbs exclusively in the pores of the nanomesh while we observe no such selectivity for graphene/Rh(111). Upon heating, bromine undergoes an on-surface reaction on h-BN to form polybromides (170–240 K), which subsequently decompose to bromide (240–640 K). The high thermal stability of Br/h-BN/Rh(111) suggests strong/covalent bonding. Bromine on graphene/Rh(111), on the other hand, reveals no distinct reactivity except for intercalation of small amounts of bromine underneath the 2D layer at high temperatures. In both cases, adsorption is reversible upon heating. Our experiments are supported by a comprehensive theoretical study. DFT calculations were used to describe the nature of the h-BN nanomesh and the graphene moiré in detail and to study the adsorption energetics and substrate interaction of bromine. In addition, the adsorption of bromine on h-BN/Rh(111) was simulated by molecular dynamics using a machine-learning force field.
An Exponential Lower Bound for the Latest Deterministic Strategy Iteration Algorithms
Creators: name: Friedmann, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: This paper presents a new exponential lower bound for the two most popular deterministic variants of the strategy improvement algorithms for solving parity, mean payoff, discounted payoff and simple stochastic games. The first variant improves every node in each step maximizing the current valuation locally, whereas the second variant computes the globally optimal improvement in each step. We outline families of games on which both variants require exponentially many strategy iterations.
Local-Group tests of dark-matter Concordance Cosmology: Towards a new paradigm for structure formation
Creators: name: Kroupa, P.
name: Famaey, B.
name: de Boer, K. S.
name: Dabringhausen, J.
name: Pawlowski, M. S.
name: Boily, C. M.
name: Jerjen, H.
name: Forbes, D.
name: Hensler, G.
name: Metz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) Predictions of the Concordance Cosmological Model (CCM) of the structures in the environment of large spiral galaxies are compared with observed properties of Local Group galaxies. Five new most probably irreconcilable problems are uncovered. However, the Local Group properties provide hints that may lead to a solution of the above problems The DoS and bulge--satellite correlation suggest that dissipational events forming bulges are related to the processes forming phase-space correlated satellite populations. Such events are well known to occur since in galaxy encounters energy and angular momentum are expelled in the form of tidal tails, which can fragment to form populations of tidal-dwarf galaxies (TDGs) and associated star clusters. If Local Group satellite galaxies are to be interpreted as TDGs then the sub-structure predictions of CCM are internally in conflict. All findings thus suggest that the CCM does not account for the Local Group observations and that therefore existing as well as new viable alternatives have to be further explored. These are discussed and natural solutions for the above problems emerge.
description: A and A, in press, 25 pages, 9 figures; new version contains minor text adjustments for conformity with the published version and additional minor changes resulting from reader's feedback. The speculation on a dark force has been added. Also, the Fritz Zwicky Paradox is now included to agree with the published version
Unraveling the influence of trial-based motivational changes on performance monitoring stages in a flanker task
Creators: name: Overmeyer, Rebecca
name: Kirschner, Hans
name: Fischer, Adrian G.
name: Endrass, Tanja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Attention
subject: Cognitive control
subject: Cognitive neuroscience
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Performance monitoring (PM) is a vital component of adaptive behavior and known to be influenced by motivation. We examined effects of potential gain (PG) and loss avoidance (LA) on neural correlates of PM at different processing stages, using a task with trial-based changes in these motivational contexts. Findings suggest more attention is allocated to the PG context, with higher amplitudes for respective correlates of stimulus and feedback processing. The PG context favored rapid responses, while the LA context emphasized accurate responses. Lower response thresholds in the PG context after correct responses derived from a drift–diffusion model also indicate a more approach-oriented response style in the PG context. This cognitive shift is mirrored in neural correlates: negative feedback in the PG context elicited a higher feedback-related negativity (FRN) and higher theta power, whereas positive feedback in the LA context elicited higher P3a and P3b amplitudes, as well as higher theta power. There was no effect of motivational context on response-locked brain activity. Given the similar frequency of negative feedback in both contexts, the elevated FRN and theta power in PG trials cannot be attributed to variations in reward prediction error. The observed variations in the FRN indicate that the effect of outcome valence is modulated by motivational salience.
A note on the role of the boundary terms for the non-Gaussianity in general k-inflation
Creators: name: Arroja, Frederico
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short note we clarify the role of the boundary terms in the calculation of the leading order tree-level bispectrum in a fairly general minimally coupled single field inflationary model, where the inflaton's Lagrangian is a general function of the scalar field and its first derivatives. This includes k-inflation, DBI-inflation and standard kinetic term inflation as particular cases. These boundary terms appear when simplifying the third order action by using integrations by parts. We perform the calculation in the comoving gauge obtaining explicitly all total time derivative interactions and show that a priori they cannot be neglected. The final result for the bispectrum is equal to the result present in the literature which was obtained using the field redefinition.
description: 8 pages, no figures; v2: Minor changes and note added at the end of the conclusion. Replaced to match published version
Self-care and self-medication as central components of healthcare in Germany – on the way to evidence-based pharmacy
Creators: name: Bertsche, Thilo
name: Alexa, Jennifer Maria
name: Eickhoff, Christiane
name: Schulz, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Self-care
subject: Community pharmacy services
subject: Health policy
subject: Primary care services
subject: Pharmacist
subject: Health services
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: In Germany, self-care is, above all interpreted as the prevention and treatment of minor injuries and illnesses by the patients themselves – that is, without a physician's prescription or medical advice. Maintaining one's health in the sense of a preventive approach through non-medicinal measures also plays an important role. Self-medication in this context is the treatment with approved over-the-counter-(OTC)-medications. In addition, other OTC-products such as dietary supplements as well as complementary and alternative medicines including homeopathic medications are frequently requested options by pharmacy customers. OTC-medications are central components of the German healthcare system, with expert advice from pharmacists in community pharmacies (CP) enabling safe and effective treatment. Additionally, screening for appropriate self-medication by pharmacists ensures that serious illnesses receive timely medical attention. In addition to prescribed medication, self-medication is an important part of the CP business in Germany. In contrast to prescription products, the price of OTC-products is not regulated. As a consequence, the price of OTC-products (including also pharmacy-only drugs) is influenced by competition among CPs and mail-order pharmacies, respectively. The sales of OTC-products for self-medication outside pharmacies, e.g. in drugstores and supermarkets, is restricted to a limited number of specific products. Evidence-based counseling in CPs, while generally advocated still remains a challenge. The evidence for the usage of OTC-products from clinical studies is not yet optimally integrated into everyday pharmacy practice. Information tools such as EVInews offering regular newsletters and a database have been developed to reduce the evidence-to-practice gap and to improve the overall counseling quality. Furthermore, the switching of drugs from prescription-only to pharmacy-only status also challenge CPs to provide adequate and updated guidance.
Correlation functions of magnon and spike
Creators: name: Park, Chanyong
name: Lee, Bum-Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After considering a solitonic string moving in the Poincare $AdS$ and two-dimensional sphere, we calculate the two-point correlation function of magnon and spike in the semi-classical limit without any explicit solution. We also calculate the three-point correlation functions between two heavy and one light operators. We find that the coupling between two heavy and one light operators in the string side is the exactly same as one obtained from the gauge theory by using the RG analysis.
description: 16 pages, no figure, typos corrected, references added
Microbial metabolism influences microplastic perturbation of dissolved organic matter in agricultural soils
Creators: name: Qiu, Xinran
name: Ma, Sirui
name: Pan, Jianrui
name: Cui, Qian
name: Zheng, Wei
name: Ding, Ling
name: Liang, Xujun
name: Xu, Baile
name: Guo, Xuetao
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: FT-ICR-MS
subject: microplastics
subject: dissolved organic matter
subject: microbiome
subject: metabolic pathway
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: An estimated 258 million tons of plastic enter the soil annually. Joining persistent types of microplastic (MP), there will be an increasing demand for biodegradable plastics. There are still many unknowns about plastic pollution by either type, and one large gap is the fate and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released from MPs as well as how they interact with soil microbiomes in agricultural systems. In this study, polyethylene MPs, photoaged to different degrees, and virgin polylactic acid MPs were added to agricultural soil at different levels and incubated for 100 days to address this knowledge gap. We find that, upon MP addition, labile components of low aromaticity were degraded and transformed, resulting in increased aromaticity and oxidation degree, reduced molecular diversity, and changed nitrogen and sulfur contents of soil DOM. Terephthalate, acetate, oxalate, and L-lactate in DOM released by polylactic acid MPs and 4-nitrophenol, propanoate, and nitrate in DOM released by polyethylene MPs were the major molecules available to the soil microbiomes. The bacteria involved in the metabolism of DOM released by MPs are mainly concentrated in Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota, and fungi are mainly in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Our study provides an in-depth understanding of the microbial transformation of DOM released by MPs and its effects of DOM evolution in agricultural soils.
Neural network quantum states analysis of the Shastry-Sutherland model
Creators: name: Mezera, Matěj
name: Menšíková, Jana
name: Baláž, Pavel
name: Žonda, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: neural network quantum states
subject: analysis
subject: Shastry-Sutherland model
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We utilize neural network quantum states (NQS) to investigate the ground state properties of the Heisenberg model on a Shastry-Sutherland lattice using the variational Monte Carlo method. We show that already relatively simple NQSs can be used to approximate the ground state of this model in its different phases and regimes. We first compare several types of NQSs with each other on small lattices and benchmark their variational energies against the exact diagonalization results. We argue that when precision, generality, and computational costs are taken into account, a good choice for addressing larger systems is a shallow restricted Boltzmann machine NQS. We then show that such NQS can describe the main phases of the model in zero magnetic field. Moreover, NQS based on a restricted Boltzmann machine correctly describes the intriguing plateaus forming in magnetization of the model as a function of increasing magnetic field.
Einsatz funktioneller Magnetpartikel in der Biokatalyse: Enzymimmobilisierung, Charakterisierung und Optimierung
Creators: name: Morhardt, Christian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015
Subjects: Enzymimmobilisierung
Magnetische Partikel
Biokatalyse
FTIR ATR
Scale-Up

description: Die Verwendung von immobilisierten Enzymen für industrielle Biotransformationen ist ein stark wachsendes Segment biotechnologischer Anwendungen. Als interessantes Trägersystem bieten magnetische Partikel den Vorteil der einfachen Separation der immobilisierten Enzyme aus dem Reaktionsraum durch das Anlegen eines externen magnetischen Felds. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein derartiger Einsatz in einem halbtechnischen Beispielprozess demonstriert.
Targeting Primary CNS B cell Lymphoma Unique Antigens with Novel Immunotherapy Data Management Plan (DMP)
Creators: name: Castillo, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA)
Data management plan
Mouse models
RNA
Tumor models

description: The PI developing a proposal for the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA) requested DMP assistance from the UF Libraries. The PI granted the UF Libraries permission to share the DMP from his successfully awarded ABTA proposal.
description: The PI requested an example of a DMP from a successful award to assist in developing a DMP for an ABTA proposal. The revised DMP for project titled "Synthesizing spatial dynamics of recreational fish and fisheries to inform restoration strategies: red drum in the Gulf of Mexico" from a successfully awarded grant developed by Lorenzen et al (2016) was referenced in the development of this DMP for an ABTA proposal. The ABTA proposal was successfully awarded. This is a DMP from a successful American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA) award.
Ferromagnetism, spiral magnetic structures and phase separation in the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Creators: name: Igoshev, P. A.
name: Zarubin, A. V.
name: Katanin, A. A.
name: Irkhin, V. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasistatic approximation and equation-of-motion decoupling for the electron Green's functions are applied to trace the effect of electronic dispersion and electron correlations on the ferromagnetism of two-dimensional itinerant-electron systems. It is found that next-nearest-neighbor hopping t' is of crucial importance for ferromagnetism formation yielding the magnetic phase diagram which is strongly asymmetric with respect to half-filling. At small t' in the vicinity of half-filling the ferromagnetic phase region is restricted by the spin-density wave instability, and far from half-filling by one-particle (spin-polaron) instability. At t' close to t/2 ferromagnetism is stabilized at moderate Hubbard U due to substantial curvature of the Fermi surface which passes in the vicinity of the van Hove singularity points. The results obtained are of possible importance for high-T_c compounds and layered ruthenates.
description: Report on the Moscow International Symposium on Magnetism MISM-2011; final version to appear in JMMM; 4 pages
Multimodal acoustic-electric trigeminal nerve stimulation modulates conscious perception
Creators: name: Wu, Min
name: Auksztulewicz, Ryszard
name: Riecke, Lars
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Multimodal stimulation
subject: Trigeminal-nerve stimulation
subject: Conscious perception
subject: Dynamic-causal modeling
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Multimodal stimulation can reverse pathological neural activity and improve symptoms in neuropsychiatric diseases. Recent research shows that multimodal acoustic-electric trigeminal-nerve stimulation (TNS) (i.e., musical stimulation synchronized to electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve) can improve consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness. However, the reliability and mechanism of this novel approach remain largely unknown. We explored the effects of multimodal acoustic-electric TNS in healthy human participants by assessing conscious perception before and after stimulation using behavioral and neural measures in tactile and auditory target-detection tasks. To explore the mechanisms underlying the putative effects of acoustic-electric stimulation, we fitted a biologically plausible neural network model to the neural data using dynamic causal modeling. We observed that (1) acoustic-electric stimulation improves conscious tactile perception without a concomitant change in auditory perception, (2) this improvement is caused by the interplay of the acoustic and electric stimulation rather than any of the unimodal stimulation alone, and (3) the effect of acoustic-electric stimulation on conscious perception correlates with inter-regional connection changes in a recurrent neural processing model. These results provide evidence that acoustic-electric TNS can promote conscious perception. Alterations in inter-regional cortical connections might be the mechanism by which acoustic-electric TNS achieves its consciousness benefits.
Effects of Anisotropy in QED3 from Dyson-Schwinger equations in a box
Creators: name: Bonnet, Jacqueline A.
name: Fischer, Christian S.
name: Williams, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of anisotropies in the fermion velocities of 2+1 dimensional QED on the critical number N_f^c of fermions for dynamical mass generation. Our framework are the Dyson-Schwinger equations for the gauge boson and fermion propagators formulated in a finite volume. In contrast to previous Dyson-Schwinger studies we do not rely on an expansion in small anisotropies but keep the full velocity dependence of fermion equations intact. As result we find sizable variations of N_f^c away from the isotropic point in agreement with other approaches. We discuss the relevance of our findings for models of high-T_c superconductors.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, v2: minor changes, typos corrected, version accepted by PRB
The State of Self-Organized Criticality of the Sun During the Last 3 Solar Cycles. I. Observations
Creators: name: Aschwanden, Markus J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the occurrence frequency distributions of peak fluxes $P$, total fluxes $E$, and durations $T$ of solar flares over the last three solar cycles (during 1980--2010) from hard X-ray data of HXRBS/SMM, BATSE/CGRO, and RHESSI. From the synthesized data we find powerlaw slopes with mean values of $α_P=1.72\pm0.08$ for the peak flux, $α_E=1.60\pm0.14$ for the total flux, and $α_T=1.98\pm0.35$ for flare durations. We find a systematic anti-correlation of the powerlaw slope of peak fluxes as a function of the solar cycle, varying with an approximate sinusoidal variation $α_P(t)=α_0+Δα\cos{[2π(t-t_0)/T_{cycle}]}$, with a mean of $α_0=1.73$, a variation of $Δα=0.14$, a solar cycle period $T_{cycle}=12.6$ yrs, and a cycle minimum time $t_0=1984.1$. The powerlaw slope is flattest during the maximum of a solar cycle, which indicates a higher magnetic complexity of the solar corona that leads to an overproportional rate of powerful flares.
description: subm. to Solar Physics
A nitroxide-containing cathode material for organic radical batteries studied with pulsed EPR spectroscopy
Creators: name: Kulikov, Ilia
name: Vereshchagin, Anatoliy A.
name: Lukianov, Daniil A.
name: Levin, Oleg V.
name: Behrends, Jan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pulsed EPR
subject: Electrochemistry
subject: ORB
subject: Nitroxide
subject: Relaxometry
subject: Instantaneous diffusion
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: An electron spin echo in a nitroxide-containing polymer cathode film for organic radical batteries is observed for various states of charge at cryogenic temperatures. The EPR-detected state of charge (ESOC), as inferred from the number of paramagnetic centers in the film, is compared to the results of Coulomb counting based on galvanostatic charging. Spin concentration, longitudinal relaxation times T(1 )and phase memory times T-m strongly correlate with the ESOC. In the discharged film, the spin concentration reaches 5 +/- 3x10(20) cm(-3), causing a phase memory time T-m << 100 ns (shorter than the resonator ring-down time) that hinders the detection of the spin echo. In the charged film, the decreased spin concentration results in a longer T-m between 100 ns and 300 ns that enables spin-echo detection, yet limits the length of the microwave pulse sequence. The short, broad-band pulses cause instantaneous diffusion in the unoxidized domains across the oxidized film, affecting the relative peak intensities in the pulsed EPR spectrum. By simulating the spectral distortion caused by instantaneous diffusion, we obtain information on the local spin concentration, which complements the information on the 'bulk' spin concentration determined by electrochemistry and continuous-wave EPR spectroscopy.
Fatigue crack detection on structural steel members by using ultrasound excited thermography = Erkennung von Ermüdungsrissen in Stahlbauteilen durch ultraschallangeregte Thermografie
Creators: name: Plum, Robin Marc
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015
Subjects: Non-destructive testing
steel
fatigue crack
ultrasound
infrared thermography

description: Ultrasound excitation of structural steel members leads to localised energy dissipation at existent fatigue cracks and thus allows for thermographic flaw detection. Essential effects on the defect-selective heating such as flaw size, plate thickness, crack mouth opening or static preload are systematically investigated. Laser vibrometry measurements of the crack edges, theoretical modelling of frictional heating and numerical simulations contribute to the understanding of the involved physics.
Uncovering cation disorder in ternary Zn1+xGe1−x(N1−xOx)2 and its effect on the optoelectronic properties
Creators: name: Wang, Zhenyu
name: Többens, Daniel M.
name: Franz, Alexandra
name: Savvin, Stanislav
name: Breternitz, Joachim
name: Schorr, Susan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ternary nitride materials
subject: cation disorder
subject: optoelectronic properties
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Ternary nitride materials, such as ZnGeN2, have been considered as hopeful optoelectronic materials with an emphasis on sustainability. Their nature as ternary materials has been ground to speculation of cation order/disorder as a mechanism to tune their bandgap. We herein studied the model system Zn1+xGe1−x(N1−xOx)2 including oxygen – which is often a contaminant in nitride materials – using a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction combined with elemental analyses to provide direct experimental evidence for the existence of cation swapping in this class of materials. In addition, we combine our results with UV-VIS spectroscopy to highlight the influence of disorder on the optical bandgap.
WASP-41b: A transiting hot Jupiter planet orbiting a magnetically-active G8V star
Creators: name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Anderson, D. R.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Hellier, C.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Street, R. A.
name: Triaud, A. H. M. J.
name: West, R. G.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Lister, T. A.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Pollacco, D.
name: Segransan, D.
name: Smith, A. M. S.
name: Udry, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a transiting planet with an orbital period of 3.05d orbiting the star TYC 7247-587-1. The star, WASP-41, is a moderately bright G8V star (V=11.6) with a metallicity close to solar ([Fe/H]=-0.08+-0.09). The star shows evidence of moderate chromospheric activity, both from emission in the cores of the CaII H and K lines and photometric variability with a period of 18.4d and an amplitude of about 1%. We use a new method to show quantitatively that this periodic signal has a low false alarm probability. The rotation period of the star implies a gyrochronological age for WASP-41 of 1.8Gyr with an error of about 15%. We have used a combined analysis of the available photometric and spectroscopic data to derive the mass and radius of the planet (0.92+-0.06M_Jup, 1.20+-0.06R_Jup). Further observations of WASP-41 can be used to explore the connections between the properties of hot Jupiter planets and thelevel of chromospheric activity in their host stars.
description: Revised version accepted for publication in PASP
Der Einfluss von Kohlendioxid auf Störungszonen in Deckgesteinen geologischer CO2-Speicher
Creators: name: Blume, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015
Subjects: CO2
Deckgestein
Mobilisation
Störungszone

description: Mit dem Ziel der Untersuchung des Einflusses einer CO2-gesättigten NaCl-Lösung auf verschiedene Deckgesteine, im Besonderen im Bereich von Störungszonen, wurden spezielle Experimente an potentiellen Deckgesteinen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wiesen eine zeit- und temperaturabhängige Elementmobilisation auf, jedoch keine deutlichen mineralogischen Veränderungen. Die Rekonstruktion der Reaktionsvorgänge erfolgte mit geochemischen Modellierungen.
Dilaton thin-shell wormholes supported by a generalized Chaplygin gas
Creators: name: Bejarano, Cecilia
name: Eiroa, Ernesto F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we construct spherical thin-shell wormholes with charge in dilaton gravity. The exotic matter required for the construction is provided by a generalized Chaplygin gas. We study the stability under perturbations preserving the symmetry. We find that the increase of the coupling between the dilaton and the electromagnetic fields reduces the range of the parameters for which stable configurations are possible.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. v3: typos corrected
Methods for multiloop calculations and Higgs boson production at the LHC
Creators: name: Hoff, Jens Simon
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015

description: The main topics of this thesis are Higgs boson production and the program package TopoID. We calculated results for all collinear counterterms up to N3LO. For a particular class of triple-real integrals we obtained results with full dependence on x. TopoID is designed to be a process independent tool for topology identification, FORM code generation and finding non-trivial relations among integrals that remain after applying a reduction algorithm.
A composite measure for patient-reported outcomes in orthopedic care: design principles and validity checks
Creators: name: Schöner, Lukas
name: Kuklinski, David
name: Geissler, Alexander
name: Busse, Reinhard
name: Pross, Christoph
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: patient reported outcome measures
subject: composite measure
subject: outcome quality measurement
subject: value-based health care
subject: composite measure development validation

description: Background: The complex, multidimensional nature of healthcare quality makes provider and treatment decisions based on quality difficult. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures can enhance patient centricity and involvement. The proliferation of PRO measures, however, requires a simplification to improve comprehensibility. Composite measures can simplify complex data without sacrificing the underlying information. Objective and methods: We propose a five-step development approach to combine different PRO into one composite measure (PRO-CM): (i) theoretical framework and metric selection, (ii) initial data analysis, (iii) rescaling, (iv) weighting and aggregation, and (v) sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. We evaluate different rescaling, weighting, and aggregation methods by utilizing data of 3145 hip and 2605 knee replacement patients, to identify the most advantageous development approach for a PRO-CM that reflects quality variations from a patient perspective. Results: The comparison of different methods within steps (iii) and (iv) reveals the following methods as most advantageous: (iii) rescaling via z-score standardization and (iv) applying differential weights and additive aggregation. The resulting PRO-CM is most sensitive to variations in physical health. Changing weighting schemes impacts the PRO-CM most directly, while it proves more robust towards different rescaling and aggregation approaches. Conclusion: Combining multiple PRO provides a holistic picture of patients’ health improvement. The PRO-CM can enhance patient understanding and simplify reporting and monitoring of PRO. However, the development methodology of a PRO-CM needs to be justified and transparent to ensure that it is comprehensible and replicable. This is essential to address the well-known problems associated with composites, such as misinterpretation and lack of trust.
Proportional representation in matching markets: selecting multiple matchings under dichotomous preferences
Creators: name: Boehmer, Niclas
name: Brill, Markus
name: Schmidt-Kraepelin, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
subject: matching markets
subject: proportional representation
subject: dichotomous preferences
subject: approval preferences
subject: fairness

description: Given a set of agents with approval preferences over each other, we study the task of finding k matchings fairly representing everyone’s preferences. To formalize fairness, we apply the concept of proportional representation as studied in approval-based multiwinner elections. To this end, we model the problem as a multiwinner election where the set of candidates consists of matchings of the agents, and agents’ preferences over each other are lifted to preferences over matchings. Due to the exponential number of candidates in such elections, standard algorithms for classical sequential voting rules (such as those proposed by Thiele and Phragmén) are rendered inefficient. We show that the computational tractability of these rules can be regained by exploiting the structure of the approval preferences. Moreover, we establish algorithmic results and axiomatic guarantees that go beyond those obtainable in the classical approval-based multiwinner setting: Assuming that approvals are symmetric, we show that Proportional Approval Voting (PAV), a well-established but computationally intractable voting rule, becomes polynomial-time computable, and that its sequential variant, which does not provide any proportionality guarantees in general, fulfills a rather strong guarantee known as extended justified representation. Some of our algorithmic results extend to other types of compactly representable elections with an exponential candidate space.
title: Die Bilanzierung von erwarteten Kreditverlusten nach IFRS 9 in der Covid-19 Krise
title: Qualitative und quantitative Beurteilung anhand verfügbarer Abschlüsse bis Juni 2020 österreichischer Banken
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Seeger, Markus
Publisher: name: FH Vorarlberg (Fachhochschule Vorarlberg)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 332 Finanzwirtschaft

description: Der IAS 39 steht nach der Finanzkrise 2008 / 2009 in der Kritik: Wertberichtigungen seien „too little, and too late“ gebildet worden. Die Einführung des IFRS 9 soll die frühzeitige Bildung von Wertberichtigungen ermöglichen und Prozyklizität und Komplexität verringern. Die Bankenaufsicht begrüßt die Einführung des IFRS 9, ist sich aber einig mit der Wissenschaft: Die frühzeitige Erkennung von makroökonomischen Umschwüngen ist schwierig. Am Beginn der Covid-19 Pandemie fordern IASB und die Aufsichtsbehörden die Banken auf, Ermessensspielräume zu nützen, um übermäßige Prozyklizität zu vermeiden. Die Arbeit stellt zu Beginn den theoretischen Rahmen dar. Darauf aufbauend wird anhand von Abschlüssen von österreichischen Banken untersucht, ob die Erwartungen an den IFRS 9 in der Covid-19 Pandemie erfüllt worden sind. Eine wichtige Datenquelle ist das Transparency Exercise der EBA. Die Untersuchung lässt auf keine frühzeitige Erkennung der Krise schließen. Die überwiegend vergleichbaren Modelle und die Auswertung der Kennzahlen bestätigen die Gefahr von Prozyklizität. Die Offenlegungen sind in Teilen wenig transparent, außerdem schwankt ihre Qualität stark.
description: IAS 39 faces strong criticism after the Great Financial Crisis of 2008/2009: Credit risk allowances are deemed to be recognised „too little, too late“. IFRS 9 is introduced to allow for timely recognition of risk allowances, and to reduce procyclicality and complexity. Regulators welcome the new standard, but agree with science, that the early recognition of macroeconomic swings is difficult. At the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, IASB and regulators ask banks to exercise discretion to avoid excessive procyclicality. This paper starts with a theoretical overview. It then uses financial statements of Austrian banks to determine whether IFRS 9 meets the expectations during the Covid-19 crisis. The Transparency Exercise of the EBA is an important source for data. No significant evidence is found for timely recognition of allowances. The use of comparable models and the assessment of the figures confirm the risk of procyclicality. The disclosures are in parts little transparent, and their quality is variable.
Can't read my broker face?—Tracing a motif and metaphor of expert knowledge through audiovisual images of the financial crisis
Creators: name: Scherer, Thomas
name: Stratil, Jasper
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: cinema and film
subject: film
subject: film studies
subject: journalism
subject: media studies
subject: research methods
subject: social issues
subject: 20th century and contemporary
subject: 700 Künste und Unterhaltung::790 Sport, Spiele, Unterhaltung::791 Öffentliche Darbietungen, Film, Rundfunk

description: Based on the question of the representability of economy and economics in audiovisual media, developments on the financial markets have often been discussed as a depiction problem. The abstractness and complexity of economic interrelations seem to defy classical modes of storytelling and dramatization. Nevertheless, public opinion about economic changes and dependencies crucially relies on audiovisual media. But how can the public communicate in images, sounds, and words about forces that are out of sight and out of reach, and can supposedly only be adequately grasped by experts? In a case study on audiovisual images of the global financial crisis (2007–), this paper tracks and analyzes a recurring motif: the staging of expert knowledge as close-ups of expressive faces vis-à-vis computer screens in television news, documentaries, as well as feature films. It draws on the use of digital tools for corpus exploration (reverse image search) and the visualization of video annotations. By relating and comparing different staging strategies by which these “broker faces” become embodiments of turbulent market dynamics, the paper proposes to not regard them as repeated instantiations of the same metaphor, but as a developing web of cinematic metaphors. Different perspectives (news of market developments or historical accounts of crisis developments) and affective stances toward the global financial crisis are expressed in these variations of the face-screen constellation. The paper thus presents a selection of different appearances of “broker faces” as a medium for an audiovisual discourse of the global financial crisis. A concluding analysis of a scene from Margin Call focuses on its specific intertwining of expert and screen as an ambivalent movement figuration of staging insight. Between the feeling of discovery (of a potential future threat) and the sense of being haunted (by a menacing force), the film stages the emergence of a “broker face” in an atmospheric tension between suspense and melancholy. We argue that the film thereby reframes the motif and poses questions of agency, temporality, and expert knowledge.
The effect of long-range forces on cold-atomic interaction: Ps-H system
Creators: name: Ray, Hasi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The s-wave elastic phase-shifts and s-wave elastic cross sections are studied to find the effect of long-range forces on cold-atomic interactions using a modified static-exchange model for Ps-H system. A Feshbach resonance in the triplet channel using the modified static-exchange model at the energy ~ 3x10^{-6} eV caused by long-range forces in the Ps-H system is being reported.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Long-range correlations and ensemble inequivalence in a generalized ABC model
Creators: name: Lederhendler, A.
name: Mukamel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalization of the ABC model, a one-dimensional model of a driven system of three particle species with local dynamics, is introduced, in which the model evolves under either (i) density-conserving or (ii) nonconserving dynamics. For equal average densities of the three species, both dynamical models are demonstrated to exhibit detailed balance with respect to a Hamiltonian with long-range interactions. The model is found to exhibit two distinct phase diagrams, corresponding to the canonical (density-conserving) and grand canonical (density nonconserving) ensembles, as expected in long-range interacting systems. The implication of this result to nonequilibrium steady states, such as those of the ABC model with unequal average densities, are briefly discussed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. v2: minor changes with an added reference, published version
CF3-substituted sulfonium cations as efficient chalcogen bond donors towards cyanometalates
Creators: name: Streit, Tim-Niclas
name: Gomila, Rosa M.
name: Sievers, Robin
name: Frontera, Antonio
name: Malischewski, Moritz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: sulfonium cations
subject: chalcogen bond donors
subject: cyanometalates
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: S–(CF3)Thianthrenium and S–(CF3)dibenzothiophenium cations form potent chalcogen bonds (ChBs) with [Mo(CO)5CN]−, yielding S2N2 supramolecular motifs. Crystal structures reveal shorter S⋯N contacts opposite the CF3 group compared to the aryl substituents. The energetic features of the ChBs have been studied using DFT calculations demonstrating the structure guiding role of ChBs.
title: Analyse der Erklärungskraft alternativer Finanzkennzahlen
title: Ein europäischer Vergleich von Nicht-Finanzdienstleistungsunternehmen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Niederer, David
Publisher: name: FH Vorarlberg (Fachhochschule Vorarlberg)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 650 Management

description: Neben klassischen Kennzahlen, welche nach einem anerkannten Rechnungslegungsstandard (z.B. IFRS) berechnet werden, sind häufig auch sogenannte alternative Leistungskennzahlen in Geschäftsberichten oder Investor-Relations Unterlagen mit ausgewiesen. Diese erfreuen sich zunehmender Beliebtheit bei börsennotierten Unternehmen, da unternehmensspezifische Anpassungen vorgenommen werden können. Folglich wird eine unternehmensübergreifende Vergleichbarkeit erschwert, wodurch zunehmend Regulierungen durch entsprechende Institutionen erfolgen. In dieser Arbeit kann aufgezeigt werden, dass die gewünschte Transparenz länderübergreifend sehr stark abweicht und diese Regelungen noch nicht vollumfänglich durch die Unternehmen umgesetzt wurden. Neben der tatsächlichen Verwendung von alternativen Leistungskennzahlen ist es von Interesse ob diese Kennzahlen zusätzlichen Erklärungsgehalt für den Unternehmenswert beinhalten. Dabei kann innerhalb der Arbeit aufgezeigt werden, dass das EBITDA, der Free Cash-Flow oder die Nettoverschuldung einen Mehrwert in der Analyse bieten können. Je nach länder-, regionalen-, branchen- oder währungsspezifischen Charakteristika haben unterschiedliche Kennzahlen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Unternehmenswert und können somit einen Mehrwert in der Analyse bieten.
description: In addition to traditional key figures, which are calculated according to generally accepted accounting standards (e.g. IFRS), so-called alternative performance measures are also frequently used in annual reports or investor relations documents. These are becoming increasingly popular with listed companies, as company-specific adjustments can be made. Consequently, cross-company comparability is becoming more difficult, which is why regulations are increasingly being introduced by corresponding institutions. The study shows that the desired transparency varies greatly from country to country and that these regulations have not yet been fully implemented by the companies. In addition to the actual use of alternative performance measures, it is of interest whether these indicators contain additional explanatory power for the company value. It can be shown within the work that EBITDA, free cash flow and net debt can offer added value in the analysis. Depending on country-, regional-, industry- or currency-specific characteristics, different ratios can possess a significant influence on the company value.
Results From Core-Collapse Simulations with Multi-Dimensional, Multi-Angle Neutrino Transport
Creators: name: Brandt, Timothy D.
name: Burrows, Adam
name: Ott, Christian D.
name: Livne, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new results from the only 2D multi-group, multi-angle calculations of core-collapse supernova evolution. The first set of results from these calculations was published in Ott et al. (2008). We have followed a nonrotating and a rapidly rotating 20 solar mass model for ~400 ms after bounce. We show that the radiation fields vary much less with angle than the matter quantities in the region of net neutrino heating. This obtains because most neutrinos are emitted from inner radiative regions and because the specific intensity is an integral over sources from many angles at depth. The latter effect can only be captured by multi-angle transport. We then compute the phase relationship between dipolar oscillations in the shock radius and in matter and radiation quantities throughout the postshock region. We demonstrate a connection between variations in neutrino flux and the hydrodynamical shock oscillations, and use a variant of the Rayleigh test to estimate the detectability of these neutrino fluctuations in IceCube and Super-K. Neglecting flavor oscillations, fluctuations in our nonrotating model would be detectable to ~10 kpc in IceCube, and a detailed power spectrum could be measured out to ~5 kpc. These distances are considerably lower in our rapidly rotating model or with significant flavor oscillations. Finally, we measure the impact of rapid rotation on detectable neutrino signals. Our rapidly rotating model has strong, species-dependent asymmetries in both its peak neutrino flux and its light curves. The peak flux and decline rate show pole-equator ratios of up to ~3 and ~2, respectively.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, ApJ accepted. Replaced with accepted version
Design of Sturm global attractors 1: Meanders with three noses, and reversibility
Creators: name: Fiedler, Bernold
name: Rocha, Carlos
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Non linear dynamics
subject: Chaotic maps
subject: Henon map
subject: Dynamical systems
subject: Mechanical oscillators
subject: Functional equations
subject: Coordinate system
subject: Phase space methods
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: We systematically explore a simple class of global attractors, called Sturm due to nodal properties, for the semilinear scalar parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) u(t) = u(xx) + f(x, u, u(x)) on the unit interval 0 < x < 1, under Neumann boundary conditions. This models the interplay of reaction, advection, and diffusion. Our classification is based on the Sturm meanders, which arise from a shooting approach to the ordinary differential equation boundary value problem of equilibrium solutions u(t) = 0. Specifically, we address meanders with only three "noses," each of which is innermost to a nested family of upper or lower meander arcs. The Chafee-Infante paradigm, with cubic nonlinearity f = f(u), features just two noses. Our results on the gradient-like global PDE dynamics include a precise description of the connection graphs. The edges denote PDE heteroclinic orbits v(1) (sic) v(2) between equilibrium vertices v(1), v(2) of adjacent Morse index. The global attractor turns out to be a ball of dimension d, given as the closure of the unstable manifold W-u(O) of the unique equilibrium with maximal Morse index d. Surprisingly, for parabolic PDEs based on irreversible diffusion, the connection graph indicates time reversibility on the (d - 1)-sphere boundary of the global attractor.