cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of long-range interactions on the phase transition of Axelrod's model
Creators: name: Reia, Sandro M.
name: Fontanari, José F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Axelrod's model with $F=2$ cultural features, where each feature can assume $k$ states drawn from a Poisson distribution of parameter $q$, exhibits a continuous nonequilibrium phase transition in the square lattice. Here we use extensive Monte Carlo simulations and finite size scaling to study the critical behavior of the order parameter $ρ$, which is the fraction of sites that belong to the largest domain of an absorbing configuration averaged over many runs. We find that it vanishes as $ρ\sim \left (q_c^0 - q \right)^β$ with $β\approx 0.25$ at the critical point $q_c^0 \approx 3.10$ and that the exponent that measures the width of the critical region is $ν^0 \approx 2.1$. In addition, we find that introduction of long-range links by rewiring the nearest-neighbors links of the square lattice with probability $p$ turns the transition discontinuous, with the critical point $q_c^p$ increasing from $3.1$ to $27.17$, approximately, as $p$ increases from $0$ to $1$. The sharpness of the threshold, as measured by the exponent $ν^p \approx 1$ for $p>0$, increases with the square root of the number of nodes of the resulting small-world network.
Willingness to Pay for Insectiside Treated Bed Net, its Utilization and Factors Influencing Both in Arbaminch Zuria District, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Eshetu, Frehywot
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2006

description: Background: Many researches have shown that insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) are the most cost effective way of preventing malaria and WHO roll back malaria program emphasizes the use of ITNs as one of the key malaria control measures. Objectives: To evaluate the ability and willingness to pay for ITN in the rural community, asses ITN's utilization and influencing factors in Arbaminch Zuria District. Methodology: This study was a quantitative cross- sectional community based study in randomly selected malarious kebeles of Arbaminch zuria district of GammoGofa zone, SNNPR. Four rural Kebeles were selected using simple random sampling from the district. The study tool was a pretested interview administered structured questionnaire. A total of 982 head of households were interviewed. To assess willingness to pay, contingent valuation using binary with follow-up method was used. Result: The mean number of net per household was 0.6 and for those who possess at least one bed net, the mean number of individuals per net was 4.9. One hundred and eighty five (21.8%) of the total under-fives slept under a net the previous night. Around 86 % of the respondents were willing to buy ITN if supplied by the market. The average maximum WTP for a blue conical ITN was 26.2 ETB, for a white conical ITN was 25.7ETB and that of a blue rectangular ITN was 13.6ETB. The community's willingness to pay is found to be affected by socio-economic factors, perceived benefit of ITN, previous source of bed net and characteristics of the bed net. Recommendations: To design proper IEC techniques on malaria. To utilize the available community's willingness to purchase ITNs, on some group of population to assist the free distribution for those who deserve and make the supply sustainable. To increase the bed net coverage per house-hold and the proportion of vulnerable who utilize bed nets.
Upper limits on the mass and luminosity of Population III-dominated galaxies
Creators: name: Yajima, Hidenobu
name: Khochfar, Sadegh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We here derive upper limits on the mass and luminosity of Population III (POPIII) dominated proto-galaxies based on the collapse of primordial gas under the effect of angular momentum loss via Ly$α$ radiation drag and the gas accretion onto a galactic centre. Our model predicts that POPIII-dominated galaxies at z ~ 7 are hosted by haloes with $M_{\rm halo} \sim 1.5 \times 10^{8} - 1.1 \times 10^{9} \rm ~M_{\odot}$, that they have Ly$α$ luminosities of $L_{\rm Lyα} \sim 3.0 \times 10^{42} - 2.1 \times 10^{43}$ erg/s, stellar mass of $M_{\rm star} \sim 0.8 \times 10^{5} - 2.5 \times 10^{6} \rm ~M_{\odot}$, and outflowing gas with velocities $V_{\rm out} \sim 40$ km/s due to Ly$α$ radiation pressure. We show that the POPIII galaxy candidate CR7 violates the derived limits on stellar mass and Ly$α$ luminosity and thus is unlikely to be a POPIII galaxy. POPIII-dominated galaxies at z ~ 7 have HeII line emission that is ~1- 3 orders of magnitude lower then that of Ly$α$, they have high Ly$α$ equivalent width of > 300 $Å$ and should be found close to bright star forming galaxies. The HeII 1640 $Å$ line is in comfortable reach of next generation telescopes, like the JWST or TMT.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Effective Field Theory of the Two Higgs Doublet Model
Creators: name: Banta, Ian
name: Cohen, Timothy
name: Craig, Nathaniel
name: Lu, Xiaochuan
name: Sutherland, Dave
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the effective field theory of the two Higgs doublet model at tree level. The introduction of a novel basis in the UV theory allows us to derive matching coefficients in the effective description that resum important contributions from the Higgs vacuum expectation value. The new basis typically provides a significantly better approximation of the full theory prediction than the traditional approach that utilizes the Higgs basis, particularly for alignment away from the decoupling limit.
description: 39 pages, 10 figures
Assessment of the Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use in a Dawro Community, SNNPRS
Creators: name: Bezabih, Tilahun
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2005

description: This study was conducted in Mareka woreda SNNPR, Dawro zone. Mareka woreda was one of the rural woredas in short of basic infrastructures like road and telecommunications until recently. A cross-sectional survey with multi-stage cluster sampling was under taken to assess the determinants of modern contraceptive use in 733 childbearing age women. Crude odds ratio was calculated to see the association between MCs and independent variables. 95% CI and p.value were used to assess the degree of statistical association and multiple logistic regressions was also employed to control for confounding. Religion, ethnic group, residence and marital duration were among the socio-demographic variables analyzed and were not found significant. Age of the respondents and family size were found good predictors of contraceptive use. Women with a family size of >10 members were nine times more likely to use contraceptives than those women who had one to five family members. Proxy-socio-economic indicators like radio and ox/oxen possession and occupation were not significant predictors of contraceptive utilization in this study. But perceived economy of medium to rich was associated with less use 0f contraceptives. Reproductive factors like history of number of pregnancy a woman had was not determinant of contraceptive use. Number of Infant loss, number of abortion, and number of live births were also not associated with contraceptive use. History of abortion, and age at first pregnancy of women were found to associate negatively with contraceptive utilization. Where women who ever had abortion use contraceptives less likely as compared to those who didn't have history of abortion and vii women who started to become pregnant in their later age use contraceptives more likely than those who started early. In this study decision on and communication about family planning use was a predictor of contraceptive use and couples who used to decide on and communicate about family planning were found to use contraceptives more likely than those who did not.
Designing steep, sharp patterns on uniformly ion-bombarded surfaces
Creators: name: Perkinson, Joy C.
name: Aziz, Michael J.
name: Brenner, Michael P.
name: Holmes-Cerfon, Miranda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose and experimentally test a method to fabricate patterns of steep, sharp features on surfaces, by exploiting the nonlinear dynamics of uniformly ion bombarded surfaces. We show via theory, simulation, and experiment, that the steepest parts of the surface evolve as one-dimensional curves which move in the normal direction at constant velocity. The curves are a special solution to the nonlinear equations that arises spontaneously whenever the initial patterning on the surface contains slopes larger than a critical value; mathematically they are traveling waves (shocks) that have the special property of being undercompressive. We derive the evolution equation for the curves by considering long-wavelength perturbations to the one-dimensional traveling wave, using the unusual boundary conditions required for an undercompressive shock, and we show this equation accurately describes the evolution of shapes on surfaces, both in simulations and in experiments. Because evolving a collection of one-dimensional curves is fast, this equation gives a computationally efficient and intuitive method for solving the inverse problem of finding the initial surface so the evolution leads to a desired target pattern. We illustrate this method by solving for the initial surface that will produce a lattice of diamonds connected by steep, sharp ridges, and experimentally demonstrating the evolution of the initial surface into the target pattern.
Bayesian evidence and model selection approach for time-dependent dark energy
Creators: name: Khorasani, Mohsen
name: Mosleh, Moein
name: Sheykhi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use parameterized post-Friedmann (PPF) description for dark energy and apply ellipsoidal nested sampling to perform the Bayesian model selection method on different time-dependent dark energy models using a combination of $Planck$ and data based on distance measurements, namely baryon acoustic oscillations and supernovae luminosity distance. Models with two and three free parameters described in terms of linear scale factor $a$, or scaled in units of e-folding $\ln a$ are considered. Our results show that parameterizing dark energy in terms of $\ln a$ provides better constraints on the free parameters than polynomial expressions. In general, two free-parameter models are adequate to describe the dynamics of the dark energy compared to their three free-parameter generalizations. According to the Bayesian evidence, determining the strength of support for cosmological constant $Λ$ over polynomial dark energy models remains inconclusive. Furthermore, considering the $R$ statistic as the tension metric shows that one of the polynomial models gives rise to a tension between $Planck$ and distance measurements data sets. The preference for the logarithmic equation of state over $Λ$ is inconclusive, and the strength of support for $\rm Λ$CDM over the oscillating model is moderate.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 8 pages, 4 figures
EDDi - Serious Game: Read.Me
Creators: name: Boenecke, Juliane
name: Helfrich, Maik
name: Massenberg, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Epidemiology
Outbreak Investigation
Open Education
Serious Game

description: EDDi Serious Game - An Epidemic of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome in Hamburg This EDDi Read.Me provides credits, licenses, relevant references, and background information about the EDDi Serious Game. Information on the game and its application in teaching and capacity strengthening can be found under EDDi Serious Game (Windows / Web Player).
description: This resource is published under an MIT license (https://opensource.org/license/mit/). The license's terms and conditions for further use and distribution apply. For further information on EDDi visit https://linktr.ee/e.d.d.i.
Hard metal ion chelating complexes for the application in immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) of biomolecules
Creators: name: Kreher., Ute
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Restriction of Pharmacoepidemiologic Cohorts to Initiators of Medications in Unrelated Preventive Drug Classes to Reduce Confounding by Frailty in Older Adults
Creators: name: Wyss, R.
name: Lund, J.L.
name: Ellis, A.R.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: McGrath, L.J.
name: Zhang, H.T.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: Nonexperimental studies of the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in older adults have found 40%-60% reductions in all-cause mortality associated with vaccination, potentially due to confounding by frailty. We restricted our cohort to initiators of medications in preventive drug classes (statins, antiglaucoma drugs, and β blockers) as an approach to reducing confounding by frailty by excluding frail older adults who would not initiate use of these drugs. Using a random 20% sample of US Medicare beneficiaries, we framed our study as a series of nonrandomized "trials" comparing vaccinated beneficiaries with unvaccinated beneficiaries who had an outpatient health-care visit during the 5 influenza seasons occurring in 2010-2015. We pooled data across trials and used standardized-mortality-ratio-weighted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association between influenza vaccination and all-cause mortality before influenza season, expecting a null association. Weighted hazard ratios among preventive drug initiators were generally closer to the null than those in the nonrestricted cohort. Restriction of the study population to statin initiators with an uncensored approach resulted in a weighted hazard ratio of 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.19), and several other hazard ratios were above 0.95. Restricting the cohort to initiators of medications in preventive drug classes can reduce confounding by frailty in this setting, but further work is required to determine the most appropriate criteria to use.
Minimizing irreversible losses in quantum systems by local counter-diabatic driving
Creators: name: Sels, Dries
name: Polkovnikov, Anatoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Counter-diabatic driving protocols were proposed as a means to do fast changes in the Hamiltonian without exciting transitions. Such driving in principle allows one to realize arbitrarily fast annealing protocols or implement fast dissipationless driving, circumventing standard adiabatic limitations requiring infinitesimally slow rates. These ideas were tested and used both experimentally and theoretically in small systems, but in larger chaotic systems it is known that exact counter-diabatic protocols do not exist. In this work we develop a simple variational approach allowing one to find best possible counter-diabatic protocols given physical constraints like locality. These protocols are easy to derive and implement both experimentally and numerically. We show that, using these approximate protocols, one can drastically decrease dissipation and increase fidelity of quantum annealing protocols in complex many-particle systems. In the fast limit these protocols provide an effective dual description of adiabatic dynamics where the coupling constant plays the role of time and the counter-diabatic term plays the role of the Hamiltonian.
Wirkungsanalyse zu den Gestaltungsprinzipien von Multiplikatoren-Fortbildungen des DZLM
Creators: name: Schüler, Sven
name: Rösken-Winter, Bettina
name: Weißenrieder, Jochen
name: Blömeke, Sigrid
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 510

description: Das Deutsche Zentrum für Lehrerbildung Mathematik (DZLM) setzt in seinen Fortbildungsangeboten den Fokus auf die kontinuierliche, professionelle Entwicklung von Multiplikatoren und Multiplikatorinnen (MuM). Aus der Forschungsperspektive des DZLM liegt das erhebliche Potenzial in der Arbeit mit MuM in deren mehrdimensionaler Rollen- und Aufgabenstruktur begründet. Auf der einen Seite verfügen die MuM über reichhaltige Erfahrungen und Expertise zu Unterrichtsprozessen aus der eigenen Lehrtätigkeit. Auf der anderen Seite arbeiten sie in erwachsenendidaktischen Wirkungsfeldern und eröffnen einen unmittelbaren Zugang zur Kompetenzentwicklung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern. Vor diesem Hintergrund fokussiert dieser Beitrag die folgenden Fragen: Welche Kompetenzentwicklung lässt sich aus Sicht der MuM nach Teilnahme an einer Qualifizierung feststellen? Inwieweit beziehen sich praktisch arbeitende MuM in ihren Vorstellungen zur Fortbildungsgestaltung auf die theoretisch fundierten DZLM-Prinzipien?
Διερεύνηση της σχέσης ανάμεσα στη χρήση του Facebook από ερασιτεχνικούς αθλητικούς συλλόγους, την ανάπτυξη επωνυμίας και την εμπλοκή των φιλάθλων
Creators: name: Αβραμίδης Σιδηρόπουλος, Ανδρέας Κοσμάς
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2022
Subjects: Κοινωνικά δίκτυα
Facebook
Ερασιτεχνικοί αθλητικοί Σύλλογοι
Επικοινωνία
Ανάπτυξη επωνυμίας
Εμπλοκή φιλάθλων
Social media
Amateur sports club
Communication
Brand development
Fan involvement

description: Η παρούσα έρευνα έχει ως σκοπό τη διερεύνηση της σχέση ανάμεσα στη χρήση του facebook από ερασιτεχνικούς αθλητικούς συλλόγους, την ανάπτυξη επωνυμίας, την συνολική αξία του εμπορικού σήματος, την πρόθεση αγοράς, την στάση των φιλάθλων και την εμπλοκή των φιλάθλων. Οι συμμετέχοντες είναι ικανοποιημένοι από την επικοινωνία που έχουν με τους αθλητικούς συλλόγους που ακολουθούν στο facebook και προτιμούν κυρίως τις αναρτήσεις του συλλόγου σε σχέση με τις αναρτήσεις και τα σχόλια των άλλων φιλάθλων. Μεγαλύτερη ικανοποίηση από την επικοινωνία τους εμφανίζεται στα άτομα που αφιερώνουν περισσότερο χρόνο στο facebook αλλά και που ακολουθούν περισσότερους συλλόγους. Για την ανάπτυξη της επωνυμίας, δείχνουν προτίμηση την αναγνωρισιμότητα του εμπορικού σήματος και τη στάση προς το εμπορικό σήμα. Επίσης, τα άτομα που ασχολούνται περισσότερο με το facebook δηλαδή αφιερώνουν περισσότερο χρόνο και ακολουθούν περισσότερους αθλητικούς συλλόγους είναι και πιο κοντά στους αθλητικούς συλλόγους που ακολουθούν, τους υποστηρίζουν πιο πολύ και το δείχνουν και έμπρακτα με την αγορά προϊόντων και εισιτηρίων.
description: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the use of facebook by amateur sports clubs, the development of branding, the overall brand equity, the brand purchase intention, the brand attitude and the involvement of fans. The participants are satisfied with the communication they have with the sports clubs they follow on facebook and they mainly prefer the club's posts in relation to the posts and comments of the other fans. Greater satisfaction from their communication appears to the people who spend more time on facebook but also who follow more clubs. To develop the brand, they show a preference for brand recognition and attitude towards the brand. Also, the people who are more involved with facebook, ie spend more time and follow more sports clubs, are closer to the sports clubs that follow, support them more and show it in practice by buying products and tickets.
SN1991bg-like supernovae are a compelling source of most Galactic antimatter
Creators: name: Panther, Fiona H.
name: Crocker, Roland M.
name: Seitenzahl, Ivo R.
name: Ruiter, Ashley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Milky Way Galaxy glows with the soft gamma ray emission resulting from the annihilation of $\sim 5 \times 10^{43}$ electron-positron pairs every second. The origin of this vast quantity of antimatter and the peculiar morphology of the 511keV gamma ray line resulting from this annihilation have been the subject of debate for almost half a century. Most obvious positron sources are associated with star forming regions and cannot explain the rate of positron annihilation in the Galactic bulge, which last saw star formation some $10\,\mathrm{Gyr}$ ago, or else violate stringent constraints on the positron injection energy. Radioactive decay of elements formed in core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) could supply positrons matching the injection energy constraints but the distribution of such potential sources does not replicate the required morphology. We show that a single class of peculiar thermonuclear supernova - SN1991bg-like supernovae (SNe 91bg) - can supply the number and distribution of positrons we see annihilating in the Galaxy through the decay of $^{44}$Ti synthesised in these events. Such $^{44}$Ti production simultaneously addresses the observed abundance of $^{44}$Ca, the $^{44}$Ti decay product, in solar system material.
description: Accepted for publication in Proceedings of IAU Symposium 322: The Multimessenger Astrophysics of the Galactic Center 4 pages
Assessment of Quality of Antenatal–Linked HIV Counseling and Testing for Intervention of PMTCT in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Ismail, Hussein
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2008

description: Background: The most important component of PMTCT program is HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT). A high quality of HCT is essential for success. In Ethiopia PMTCT services began in 2003, but only 0.8% of HIV infections among births to HIV positive women was averted in 2005/6 through PMTCT Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the quality of antenatal–linked HIV counseling and testing as an intervention for PMTCT at ten public Health Centers in Addis Ababa City. Methodology: a cross sectional study was conducted at purposively selected 10 health centers in Addis Ababa from April to May 2008. Methods included structured observations of counseling sessions, interviews of 10 PMTCT site coordinators, 9 counselors and 422 exit clients. Data on client satisfaction, counselors' communicative skills, duration and content of pre- and post test counseling was collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from UNAIDS tools. SPSS version 15.0 was used to enter, clean, and analyze the data. Descriptive and analytic statistics were computed. Result: 6 of the 10 health centers had an HCT uptake rate of 90 to 100% of those counseled, and 8 of the health centers had a client return rate of 90% to 100% to collect the test results. A total of 66 (31 pre- and 35 post test) counseling sessions were observed. The mean duration of pretest counseling was 5.37 minutes (+3.34) and that of post test was 3.0 minutes (+ 2.24). In 25.8% of the sessions, the mothers were not given the chance to freely consent or dissent for blood test. During the post test sessions, in 42.9% of the session the clients' understanding of the meaning of their test results was not explored. At exit interview, 21.3% of the clients didn't know why they were offered HCT particularly during their pregnancy time. The odds of knowing why HCT is offered during pregnancy was higher among those residents of Addis Ababa and clients who spent 5-15 min on discussion with their counselors [OR = 4.48, 95% CI: 1.84, 10.9 and OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.03, 4.24 resp.]. Generally, 89.8% of the clients reported being satisfied with the pre-and/or post-testing counseling discussions. Conclusion: The communicative skill of the counselors was generally 'satisfactory'. The majority of pre- and post-test sessions included the basic information on HIV transmission/prevention and PMTCT. However the discussions were unusually too brief, rudimentary and lacking depth and coverage. Nearly a quarter of the exit clients didn't understand why they were offered HCT particularly during their pregnancy time; however, the vast majority of the women interviewed were satisfied with the counselling and counsellors interactions. Key words: PMTCT, HIV, HCT, Quality, Counselors' skills, Satisfaction: Addis Ababa
Dynamics of the 16O(e, e[prime]p) Reaction at High Missing Energies
Creators: name: Anderson, B. D.
name: Aniol, K. A.
name: Auerbach, L.
name: Baker, F. T.
name: Liyanage, N.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters
Charged environments and solar-terrestrial phenomena
Creators: name: Krautschneider., Manfred Josef
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Deformation of d=4, N> 4 Supergravities Breaks Nonlinear Local Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Yamada, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study d=4, $N\geq 5$ supergravities and their deformation via candidate counterterms, with the purpose to absorb UV divergences. We generalize the earlier studies of deformation and twisted self-duality constraint to the case with unbroken local H-symmetry in presence of fermions. We find that the deformed action breaks nonlinear local supersymmetry. We show that all known cases of enhanced UV divergence cancellations are explained by nonlinear local supersymmetry. This result implies, in particular, that if N=5 supergravity at five loop will turn out to be UV divergent, the deformed theory will be BRST inconsistent. If it will be finite, it will be a consequence of nonlinear local supersymmetry and E7-type duality.
description: 38p
Surface properties of alkali silicate glasses: Influence of the modifiers
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Ispas, Simona
name: Kob, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the surface properties of lithium, sodium, and potassium silicate glasses containing 25 mole % of alkali oxide. The comparison of two types of surfaces, a melt-formed surface (MS) and a fracture surface (FS), demonstrates that the influence of the alkali modifier on the surface properties depends strongly on the nature of the surface. The FS exhibits a monotonic increase of modifier concentration with increasing alkali size while the MS shows a saturation of alkali concentration when going from Na to K glasses, indicating the presence of two competing mechanism that influence the properties of a MS. For the FS, we find that larger alkali ions reduce the concentration of under-coordinated Si atoms and increase the fraction of two-membered rings, implying an enhanced chemical reactivity of the surface. For both types of surfaces, the roughness is found to increase with alkali size, with the effect being more pronounced for the FS than for the MS. The height-height correlation functions of the surfaces show a scaling behavior that is independent of the alkali species considered: The ones for the MS are compatible with the prediction of the frozen capillary wave theory while the ones for the FS show a logarithmic growth, i.e., on the nanoscale these surfaces are not self-affine fractals. The influence of the modifier on the surface properties are rationalized in terms of the interplay between multiple factors involving the size of the ions, bond strength, and charge balance on the surface.
Nucleon-pion-state contribution in lattice calculations of the nucleon charges $g_A,g_T$ and $g_S$
Creators: name: Bar, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ leading order covariant chiral perturbation theory to compute the nucleon-pion-state contribution to the 3-point correlation functions one typically measures in lattice QCD to extract the isovector nucleon charges $g_A,g_T$ and $g_S$. We estimate the impact of the nucleon-pion-state contribution on both the plateau and the summation method for lattice simulations with physical pion masses. The nucleon-pion-state contribution results in an overestimation of all charges with both methods. The overestimation is roughly equal for the axial and the tensor charge, and about fifty percent larger for the scalar charge.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures. V3: A few comments and two references added; matches published version
The Evolution of Population III and Extremely Metal-Poor Binary Stars
Creators: name: Tsai, Sung-Han
name: Chen, Ke-Jung
name: Whalen, Daniel
name: Ou, Po-Sheng
name: Woods, Tyrone E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations have now shown that Population III (Pop III) stars can form in binaries and small clusters and that these stars can be in close proximity to each other. If so, they could be subject to binary interactions such as mass exchange that could profoundly alter their evolution, ionizing UV and Lyman-Werner (LW) photon emission and explosion yields, with important consequences for early cosmological reionization and chemical enrichment. Here we investigate the evolution of Pop III and extremely metal-poor binary stars with the MESA code. We find that interactions ranging from stable mass transfer to common envelope evolution can occur in these binaries for a wide range of mass ratios and initial separations. Mass transfer can nearly double UV photon yields in some of these binaries with respect to their individual stars by extending the life of the companion star, which in turn can enhance early cosmological reionization but also suppress the formation of later generations of primordial stars. Binary interactions can also have large effects on the nucleosynthetic yields of the stars by promoting or removing them into or out of mass ranges for specific SN types. We provide fits to total photon yields for the binaries in our study for use in cosmological simulations.
description: 53 pages, 17 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Electrochemistry of multi-valent elements in zinc electrolyte and related topics
Creators: name: Kratsis., Steven
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Consistent simulation of non-resonant diphoton production in hadron collisions including associated jet production up to two jets
Creators: name: Odaka, Shigeru
name: Kurihara, Yoshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An event generator for diphoton ($γγ$) production in hadron collisions that includes associated jet production up to two jets has been developed using a subtraction method based on the LLL subtraction. The parton shower (PS) simulation to restore the subtracted divergent components involves both QED and QCD radiation, and QED radiation at very small $Q^{2}$ are simulated by referring to a fragmentation function (FF). The PS/FF simulation has the ability to enforce the radiation of a given number of energetic photons. The generated events can be fed to PYTHIA to obtain particle (hadron)-level event information, which enables us to perform realistic simulations of photon isolation and hadron-jet reconstruction. The simulated events, in which the loop-mediated $gg \rightarrow γγ$ process is involved, reasonably reproduce the diphoton kinematics measured at the LHC. Using the developed simulation, we found that the 2-jet processes significantly contribute to diphoton production. A large 2-jet contribution can be considered as a common feature in electroweak-boson production in hadron collisions although the reason is yet to be understood. Discussion concerning the treatment of the underlying events in photon isolation is necessary for future higher precision measurements.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures
Διαχρονική εξέλιξη του αστικού πρασίνου και των υποδομών τουρισμού στην περιοχή της Θεσσαλονίκης
Creators: name: Χίνη, Κυριακή Αθανασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2022
Subjects: Θεσσαλονίκη
Αστικό πράσινο
Τουριστικές υποδομές
Thessaloniki
Urban green
Tourist infrastructure

description: Η εργασία «Διαχρονική εξέλιξη του αστικού πρασίνου και των υποδομών τουρισμού στη πόλη της Θεσσαλονίκης», με επιβλέποντα καθηγητή τον κ. Γκανάτσα Πέτρο, πραγματοποιήθηκε στο πλαίσιο ολοκλήρωσης του Διατμηματικού Προγράμματος Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών «Τουρισμός και Τοπική Ανάπτυξη» του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης. Στόχος της εργασίας αποτελεί η ανάδειξη της σημασίας του αστικού πρασίνου στη ποιότητα ζωής των κατοίκων μιας πόλης και των επισκεπτών της, αλλά και ο συσχετισμός της ανάπτυξης του τουριστικού προϊόντος μιας περιοχής με αυτή. Ως περιοχή μελέτη επιλέχθηκε ο Δήμος Θεσσαλονίκης, ένας δήμος με αυξημένη τουριστική κίνηση αλλά με περιορισμένη έκταση των περιοχών πρασίνου. Επιχειρήθηκε ο εντοπισμός των περιοχών πρασίνου και των τουριστικών υποδομών της πόλης, η διαχρονική εξέλιξή και η μελέτη τους. Τέλος, επισημάνθηκαν παραδείγματα πόλεων οι οποίες έχουν αναπτύξει το συγκεκριμένο μοντέλο και καλές πρακτικές που ο Δήμος Θεσσαλονίκης θα μπορούσε να ενσωματώσει στον σχεδιασμό του. Η παρούσα εργασία, θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως αρχή μιας βαθύτερης έρευνας για την αλλαγή της εικόνας της πόλης της Θεσσαλονίκης και άλλων ελληνικών πόλεων με κοινά χαρακτηριστικά, με στόχο την ανάδειξή της σε πράσινο προορισμό.
description: The title of the present diploma thesis is “The evolution of urban green spaces and tourism infrastructure in the city of Thessaloniki, supervised by Prof. Ganatsas Petros. This study was carried out during the Interdepartmental Postgraduate Program "Tourism and Local Development" of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of urban greenery in the quality of life of the inhabitants of a city and its visitors, but also to correlate the development of the tourist product with it. The Municipality of Thessaloniki was chosen as a study area, a municipality with increased tourist traffic but limited green areas. Attempts were made to locate the green areas and the tourist infrastructure of the city, their evolution over time and their study. Finally, examples of cities that have developed this model and good practices that the Municipality of Thessaloniki could incorporate. This work could be used as the beginning of a deeper research to change the image of Thessaloniki and other Greek cities that have a similar image of tourism development as a green destination.
Dirac operator with linear potential and its perturbations
Creators: name: Ashrafyan, Yuri A.
name: Harutyunyan, Tigran N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that canonical Dirac expression with linear potential generates operators on axis and half axis, for which we can find the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in explicit form. We construct the perturbations of these operators with in advance given spectra.
description: 14 pages
On elastic constants of zero-temperature amorphous solids
Creators: name: Szamel, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic constants of zero-temperature amorphous solids are given as the difference between the Born term, which results from a hypothetical affine deformation of an amorphous solid, and a correction term which originates from the fact that the deformation of an amorphous solid due to an applied stress is, at the microscopic level, non-affine. Both terms are non-negative and thus it is a priori not obvious that the resulting elastic constants are non-negative. In particular, theories that approximate the correction term may spuriously predict negative elastic constants and thus an instability of an amorphous solid. Here we derive alternative expressions for elastic constants of zero-temperature amorphous solids that are explicitly non-negative. These expressions provide a useful blueprint for approximate theories for elastic constants and sound damping in zero temperature amorphous solids.
Propensity score methods to control for confounding in observational cohort studies: a statistical primer and application to endoscopy research
Creators: name: Yang, J.Y.
name: Lund, J.L.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Dellon, E.S.
name: Webster-Clark, M.
name: Sandler, R.S.
Publisher: name: Mosby Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Background and Aims: Confounding is a major concern in nonexperimental studies of endoscopic interventions and can lead to biased estimates of the effects of treatment. Propensity score methods, which are commonly used in the pharmacoepidemiology literature, can effectively control for baseline confounding by balancing measured baseline confounders and risk factors and creating comparable populations of treated and untreated patients. Methods: We propose the following 5-step checklist to guide the use and evaluation of propensity score methods: (1) select covariates, (2) assess “Table 1” balance in risk factors before propensity score implementation, (3) estimate and implement the propensity score in the study cohort, (4) reassess “Table 1” balance in risk factors after propensity score implementation, and (5) critically evaluate differences between matched and unmatched patients after propensity score implementation. We then applied this checklist to an endoscopy example using a study cohort of 411 adults with newly diagnosed eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), some of whom were treated with esophageal dilation. Results: We identified 156 patients, aged 18 and older, who were treated with esophageal dilation, and 255 patients who were nondilated. We successfully matched 148 (95%) dilated patients to nondilated patients who had a propensity score within 0.1, based on patient age, sex, race, self-reported food allergy, and presence of narrowing at baseline endoscopy. Crude imbalances were observed before propensity score matching in several baseline covariates, including age, sex, and narrowing; however, propensity score matching was successful in achieving balance across all measured covariates. Conclusions: We provide an introduction to propensity score methods, including a straightforward checklist for implementing propensity score methods in nonexperimental studies of treatment effectiveness. Moreover, we demonstrate the advantage of using “Table 1” as a simple but effective diagnostic tool for evaluating the success of propensity score methods in an applied example of esophageal dilation in EoE.
On the early-time excess emission in hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae
Creators: name: Vreeswijk, Paul M.
name: Leloudas, Giorgos
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: De Cia, Annalisa
name: Perley, Daniel A.
name: Quimby, Robert M.
name: Waldman, Roni
name: Sullivan, Mark
name: Yan, Lin
name: Ofek, Eran O.
name: Fremling, Christoffer
name: Taddia, Francesco
name: Sollerman, Jesper
name: Valenti, Stefano
name: Arcavi, Iair
name: Howell, D. Andrew
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Yaron, Ofer
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Cao, Yi
name: Ben-Ami, Sagi
name: Horesh, Assaf
name: Rubin, Adam
name: Lunnan, Ragnhild
name: Nugent, Peter E.
name: Laher, Russ
name: Rebbapragada, Umaa D.
name: Woźniak, Przemysław
name: Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the light curves of the hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) PTF12dam and iPTF13dcc, discovered by the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory. Both show excess emission at early times and a slowly declining light curve at late times. The early bump in PTF12dam is very similar in duration (~10 days) and brightness relative to the main peak (2-3 mag fainter) compared to those observed in other SLSNe-I. In contrast, the long-duration (>30 days) early excess emission in iPTF13dcc, whose brightness competes with that of the main peak, appears to be of a different nature. We construct bolometric light curves for both targets, and fit a variety of light-curve models to both the early bump and main peak in an attempt to understand the nature of these explosions. Even though the slope of the late-time light-curve decline in both SLSNe is suggestively close to that expected from the radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni and $^{56}$Co, the amount of nickel required to power the full light curves is too large considering the estimated ejecta mass. The magnetar model including an increasing escape fraction provides a reasonable description of the PTF12dam observations. However, neither the basic nor the double-peaked magnetar model is capable of reproducing the iPTF13dcc light curve. A model combining a shock breakout in an extended envelope with late-time magnetar energy injection provides a reasonable fit to the iPTF13dcc observations. Finally, we find that the light curves of both PTF12dam and iPTF13dcc can be adequately fit with the circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction model.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, 11 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Aspects of the biology of selenocosmia stirlingi Hogg
Creators: name: Kotzman., Mandy
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Probing Gluon Bose Correlations in Nuclear Wave Function in Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Kovner, Alex
name: Li, Ming
name: Skokov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the results of [Phys.Rev.Lett. 128 (2022) 18], where we argued that in the controlled environment of the Deep Inelastic Scattering experiments, Bose-Einstein correlation between gluons in a hadronic wave function can be accessed through the production of the diffractive dijet plus a third jet. In this observable, Bose-Einstein correlation causes the enhancement of the production cross sections at the zero relative angle between the transverse momentum imbalance of the photon-going dijet and the transverse momentum of the gluon jet, when the magnitude of the momentum imbalance is about the same as the magnitude of the produced gluon. In the present paper, we account for multiple scattering and non-linear effect in the target wave function. Although our equations can be applied to any high-energy DIS kinematics, to make them tractable numerically, we consider the high-momentum limit (momentum larger than $Q_s$) for the total momentum of the dijet, momentum imbalance, and the momentum of the produced gluon. By performing explicit numerical calculations, we confirm that the signal is present after accounting for multiple scattering.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures
Dramatic Changes in the Magnetic Coupling Mechanism for La-Doped CaMnO3
Creators: name: García, A.
name: Granado, E.
name: Martinho, H.
name: Moreno, N. O.
name: Sanjurjo, J. A.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters
Critically Evaluated Atomic Data for Au IV Spectrum
Creators: name: Zainab, Aashna
name: Haris, K.
name: Gamrath, Sébastien
name: Quinet, Pascal
name: Tauheed, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral investigation of the triply ionized gold (Au IV) has been carried out in the wavelength region of 500--2106 Å. The gold spectra were photographed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) on a 10.7-m normal incidence vacuum spectrograph (NIVS) using a sliding spark source as well as on a 3-m NIVS at the Antigonish laboratory in Canada with a triggered spark source. Our analysis is theoretically supported by the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) formalism with superposition of configuration interactions implemented in Cowan's suite of codes. Radiative transition parameters are also calculated using HFR+CPOL (core-polarization effects) model and multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) approach, and their comparisons are used to evaluate the transition rate data. All the previously reported levels of the $5d^{8}$, $5d^{7}6s$, and $5d^{7}6p$ configurations are confirmed, except one and three are newly established. The missing $^{1}S_{0}$ level of $5d^{8}$ is now established at 55277.8 cm$^{-1}$. A total of 981 observed lines (E1-type) classified to 1031 transitions, including 133 newly identified, enabled us to optimize 139 energy levels. Several astrophysically important transitions, forbidden (M1- and E2-types) lines of $5d^{8}$ and $5d^{7}6s$, are provided with their Ritz wavelengths and radiative parameters. A critically evaluated set of energy levels, observed and Ritz wavelengths along with their uncertainties, transition rates, and uniformly-scaled intensities of Au IV lines have been presented. Also, large scale atomic data to compute opacity of Au IV in the kilonova ejecta have been supplemented in this work.
description: 6 figures, 5 Tables
Field Cooling Induced Changes in the Antiferromagnetic Structure of NiO Films
Creators: name: Parkin, S. S. P.
name: Sears, R.
name: Seve, L.
name: Sinkovic, B.
name: Zhu, W.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters