cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chiral Potts Rapidity Curve Descended from Six-vertex Model and Symmetry Group of Rapidities
Creators: name: Roan, Shi-shyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we present a systematical account of the descending procedure from six-vertex model to the $N$-state chiral Potts model through fusion relations of $τ^{(j)}$-operators, following the works of Bazhanov-Stroganov and Baxter-Bazhanov-Perk. A careful analysis of the descending process leads to appearance of the high genus curve as rapidities' constraint for the chiral Potts models. Full symmetries of the rapidity curve are identified, so is its symmetry group structure. By normalized transfer matrices of the chiral Potts model, the $τ^{(2)}T$ relation can be reduced to functional equations over a hyperelliptic curves associated to rapidities, by which the degeneracy of $τ^{(2)}$-eigenvalues is revealed in the case of superintegrable chiral Potts model.
description: Latex 17 pages ; typos and small errors corrected, references added-Journal version
European crossings : Vilnius encounters
Creators: name: Briedis, Laimonas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: "European Crossings: Vilnius Encounters" explores the relationship between the changing geopolitical and territorial locations of Vilnius and various linguistically and culturally contradictory biographical experiences of the place. Historically, the city's geo-narrative location within Europe has been determined and shaped through a representational fusion of mutating political, religious, ideological and national hierarchies of East Central Europe. The multiple identities of the city are best captured by the linguistically and often temporally alternating names of the place: Vilnius in Lithuanian, Wilno in Polish, Vilna in Russian and French, Vilne in Yiddish, Wilna in German, etc. Each place-name situates the city within a specific historical and/or linguistic milieu that in return stipulates a particular representational function, narrative location and memorial site of the place within the map of Europe. On the other hand, Vilnius's corporeal and imaginary topographies have often been styled according to the shifting geopolitical visions and cultural articulations of the idea of Europe. Therefore, the thesis has a twofold objective: firstly, it attempts to situate various representations of Vilnius within the changing geopolitical terrain of Europe, and secondly, it examines different socio-cultural and political meanings of Europe within the evolving historical landscape of the city. Overall, the thesis focuses on several foreign visualisations of the city's geo-narrative location within Europe ranging from eighteenth century scientific and aesthetic surveys of the place to confrontational nineteenth and twentieth century imperial and national strategic evaluations of the city. These various mappings of Vilnius are framed within broader cultural, political, scientific, economic, ideological and military circumstances of Europe. Consequently, the analytical focus of the thesis alternates between imaginary, private and intimate impressions of the city and corporeal, public and official expressions of the place. Through such contrasting analyses, Vilnius emerges as a site of cultural multiplicity and geographical indeterminacy -- an in-between and transient place which delineates a geopolitically specific location through an allegorically framed mobility between East and West, Asia and Europe, civility and barbarism, the Baroque and the Modern, the particular and the universal, and, above all, corporeal spatial experiences and imaginary geographical encounters.
Demographic Influences on Willingness to Pay for Cold Tolerance Technology?
Creators: name: McCorkle, Becky
name: McCorkle, Becky
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: New technologies in agriculture have the potential to increase production levels, reduce risk, and improve profits for farm operators. However, in order for this to take place the technologies must appeal to producers, creating enough interest that they decide to invest in them. Gauging the level of interest in a technology and the types of producers who will be interested in trying it are important steps in technology development. Cereal crops such as wheat are important to agriculture in Canada in terms of both acreage and revenue. Researchers in Canada are currently attempting to develop more cold tolerant cereal crops to reduce the risk of frost damage and increase the area available to produce these crops. A producer survey including questions on past adoption behavior, attitudinal characteristics, and demographics as well as a set of dichotomous choice questions on new varieties was conducted and analyzed using a regression and willingness to pay calculations. Demographics were the focus during these activities. It was determined that producers from areas experiencing frost regularly with high incomes and large land bases had a higher propensity to adopt and higher willingness to pay for this technology.
Globular clusters and the formation of the outer Galactic halo
Creators: name: Bergh, Sidney van den
name: Mackey, Dougal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters in the outer halo (R_gc > 15 kpc) are found to be systematically fainter than those at smaller Galactocentric distances. Within the outer halo the compact clusters with half-light radii R_h < 10 pc are only found at R_gc < 40 kpc, while on the other hand the larger clusters with R_h > 10 pc are encountered at all Galactocentric distances. Among the compact clusters with R_h < 10 pc that have R_gc > 15 kpc, there are two objects with surprisingly high metallicities. One of these is Terzan 7, which is a companion of the Sagittarius dwarf. The other is Palomar 1. The data on these two objects suggests that they might have had similar evolutionary histories. It is also noted that, with one exception, luminous globular clusters in the outer halo are all compact whereas faint ones may have any radius. This also holds for globular clusters in the LMC, SMC and Fornax dwarf. The lone exception is the large luminous globular NGC 2419. Possibly this object is not a normal globular cluster, but the stripped core of a former dwarf spheroidal. In this respect it may resemble Omega Centauri.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
On Irrelevance of Attributes in Flexible Prediction
Creators: name: Klopotek, Mieczyslaw A.
name: Matuszewski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper analyses properties of conceptual hierarchy obtained via incremental concept formation method called "flexible prediction" in order to determine what kind of "relevance" of participating attributes may be requested for meaningful conceptual hierarchy. The impact of selection of simple and combined attributes, of scaling and of distribution of individual attributes and of correlation strengths among them is investigated. Paradoxically, both: attributes weakly and strongly related with other attributes have deteriorating impact onto the overall classification. Proper construction of derived attributes as well as selection of scaling of individual attributes strongly influences the obtained concept hierarchy. Attribute density of distribution seems to influence the classification weakly It seems also, that concept hierarchies (taxonomies) reflect a compromise between the data and our interests in some objective truth about the data. To obtain classifications more suitable for one's purposes, breaking the symmetry among attributes (by dividing them into dependent and independent and applying differing evaluation formulas for their contribution) is suggested. Both continuous and discrete variables are considered. Some methodologies for the former are considered.
Particle motion nearby rough surfaces
Creators: name: Kurzthaler, Christina
name: Zhu, Lailai
name: Pahlavan, Amir A.
name: Stone, Howard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hydrodynamic coupling between particles and solid, rough boundaries characterized by random surface textures. Using the Lorentz reciprocal theorem, we derive analytical expressions for the grand mobility tensor of a spherical particle and find that roughness-induced velocities vary nonmonotonically with the characteristic wavelength of the surface. In contrast to sedimentation near a planar wall, our theory predicts continuous particle translation transverse and perpendicular to the applied force. Most prominently, this motion manifests itself in a variance of particle displacements that grows quadratically in time along the direction of the force. This increase is rationalized by surface roughness generating particle sedimentation closer to or farther from the surface, which entails a significant variability of settling velocities.
In-orbit performance of the EPIC-MOS detectors on XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Sembay, S.
name: Abbey, A.
name: Altieri, B.
name: Ambrosi, R.
name: Baskill, D.
name: Ferrando, P.
name: Mukerjee, K.
name: Read, A.
name: Turner, M. J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: XMM-Newton was launched into space on a highly eccentric 48 hour orbit on December 10th 1999. XMM-Newton is now in its fifth year of operation and has been an outstanding success, observing the Cosmos with imaging, spectroscopy and timing capabilities in the X-ray and optical wavebands. The EPIC-MOS CCD X-ray detectors comprise two out of three of the focal plane instruments on XMM-Newton. In this paper we discuss key aspects of the current status and performance history of the charge transfer ineffiency (CTI), energy resolution and spectral redistribution function (rmf) of EPIC-MOS in its fifth year of operation.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, SPIE Glasgow 21-25 June 2004, Session 5488
A two-dimensional array of single-hole quantum dots
Creators: name: van Riggelen, F.
name: Hendrickx, N. W.
name: Lawrie, W. I. L.
name: Russ, M.
name: Summak, A.
name: Scappucci, G.
name: Veldhorst, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dots fabricated using techniques and materials that are compatible with semiconductor manufacturing are promising for quantum information processing. While great progress has been made toward high-fidelity control of quantum dots positioned in a linear arrangement, scalability along two dimensions is a key step toward practical quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate a two-dimensional quantum dot array where each quantum dot is tuned to single-charge occupancy, verified by simultaneous measuring with two integrated radio frequency charge sensors. We achieve this by using planar germanium quantum dots with low disorder and small effective mass, allowing the incorporation of dedicated barrier gates to control the coupling of the quantum dots. We demonstrate hole charge filling consistent with a Fock-Darwin spectrum and show that we can tune single-hole quantum dots from isolated quantum dots to strongly exchange coupled quantum dots. These results motivate the use of planar germanium quantum dots as building blocks for quantum simulation and computation.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
A Qualitative Study on the Social Impact of Industrialisation in Badli
Creators: name: Nayyar, Nikhil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160804 Rural Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160810 Urban Sociology and Community Studies
subject: Sociology
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: 170113 Social and Community Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The article aims to investigate and analyze the social impact of industrialization on Badli. Badli is one of the largest industrial zones in Delhi which also bears large slums neighboring to the industries. The literature available on the area is also limited to news articles and government reports, thus further research on Badli is required. The social implications were examined through naturalistic observational research and unstructured interviews of 10 individuals from Badli. Using thematic analysis and secondary data analysis the data was interpreted into common themes and key ideas. The analysis showed most Industries in Badli are unauthorized and have issues such as unemployment, child labor, hazardous working conditions, nominal wages, producing illegal substances and lack of healthcare management. People living in the neighboring slum areas suffer from issues such as poor health care facilities, below par educational infrastructure, high crime rates, harmful drainage and ventilation services, congested housing structures, economic disparity, and toxic family environment. Thus Industrialization has deeper implications on the society of Badli which can be attributed to the influx of migrants, industries and poor governance by the administrative authorities to control and manage the industrial process in Badli. It can be concluded that there is a huge correlation between social change and industrialization. Further studies are required to create socio-economic policies catering to the situation in Badli for a long-lasting sustainable effect on the area.
Additional methods, figures and tables from Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males
Creators: name: Wikenros, Camilla
name: Gicquel, Morgane
name: Zimmermann, Barbara
name: Flagstad, Øystein
name: Åkesson, Mikael
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Description of genetic analysis. Data descriptions. Results when using immigrant relationship instead of F.
Reflected Brownian motion in generic triangles and wedges
Creators: name: Kager, Wouter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider a generic triangle in the upper half of the complex plane with one side on the real line. This paper presents a tailored construction of a discrete random walk whose continuum limit is a Brownian motion in the triangle, reflected instantaneously on the left and right sides with constant reflection angles. Starting from the top of the triangle, it is evident from the construction that the reflected Brownian motion lands with the uniform distribution on the base. Combined with conformal invariance and the locality property, this uniform exit distribution allows us to compute distribution functions characterizing the hull generated by the reflected Brownian motion.
description: LaTeX, 38 pages, 14 figures. This is the outcome of a complete rewrite of the original paper. Results have been stated more clearly and the proofs have been elucidated
Hedonic Pricing of Bulls
Creators: name: Smith, Jenna M.
name: Smith, Jenna M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Bulls account for half of the genetic input when making improvements in cattle herds. Therefore, to make a rapid, less costly improvement a cattle producer is more likely to change bulls than cows. One of the problems that breeders who supply bulls face is that the attributes of bulls come bundled together so that it is difficult to determine what the value of improvements in a bull might be worth. This research estimates what values beef producers implicitly place on particular characteristics when deciding which bull will best fit the needs of their farm. A hedonic pricing model was estimated using actual transaction data and reveals the value buyers of bulls implicitly place on specific traits. For example, a ribeye area of 12.8 in2 at the mean sale price reveals a buyer would be willing to pay an additional $80.39 for a bull with an additional square inch. Likewise, a bull with a 1242 lb. 365-day weight at the mean sale price reveals a buyer would be willing to pay an additional $1.83 for an additional pound. Therefore, this research reveals an incentive for bull producers to focus on improving the genetic makeup of their bulls they offer for sale.
Comparing productivity growth in conventional and grassland dairy farms
Creators: name: Kellermann, Magnus
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Kellermann, Magnus
name: Salhofer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: productivity
subject: dairy farming
subject: stochastic frontier analysis

description: This paper analyzes technical efficiency and productivity growth of dairy farms in southern Germany. We compare the performance of farms operating on permanent grassland and conventional farms using fodder crops from arable land. Using a latent class stochastic frontier model, intensive and extensive production systems are identified for both types of farms. We estimate stochastic output distance functions to represent the production technology. TFP change is calculated and decomposed using a generalized Malmquist productivity index. Our results show that grassland farms can in general keep up with conventional farms. The productivity on intensive (extensive) grassland dairy farms grew by 1.15% (0.93%) per year, compared to 1.19% (intensive) and 1.0% (extensive) on conventional farms.
The role of minor alloying in the plasticity of bulk metallic glasses
Creators: name: Hilke, Sven
name: Rösner, Harald
name: Wilde, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Micro- or minor alloying of metallic glasses is of technological interest. An originally ductile Pd-based monolithic bulk metallic glass (Pd$_{40}$Ni$_{40}$P$_{20}$) was selectively manipulated by additions of Fe or Co. The alloying effects were extreme, showing either exceptional ductility upon Co addition or immediate catastrophic failure upon Fe addition when tested under uniaxial compression or 3-point bending. The amorphous structure was characterized prior to deformation with respect to its medium-range order (MRO) using variable resolution fluctuation electron microscopy (VR-FEM). We observe striking differences in the MRO between the ductile and brittle metallic glasses, with the ductile glasses exhibiting a rich structural diversity and MRO correlation lengths up to 6 nm. The MRO heterogeneity seems to enable easier shear banding and hence enhance the deformability.
Halting the Rural Race to the Bottom: An Evolutionary Model of Rural Development to Analyse Neo-endogenous Policies in the EU
Creators: name: Petrick, Martin
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Rural governance
subject: neo-endogenous policies
subject: evolutionary game theory
subject: collective action.

description: The article contributes to the understanding of neo-endogenous rural development policies from the perspective of evolutionary game theory. Rural development is modelled as the increasing realisation over time of gains from interaction by rural stakeholders. The model exhibits two dynamically stable equilibria, which depict declining and prospering regions. Neo-endogenous policies are interpreted as stimuli emerging from an external government authority which help decentralised actors to coordinate on the superior of the two equilibria. External intervention may thus be possible and desirable without giving up the autonomy of local decision makers. However, because initial conditions matter, outcomes cannot be planned or engineered from the outside.
Martial Arts and Mental Health
Creators: name: Julius-Cezar MacQuarie
name: Roberts, Ron
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Applied Psychology

description: Abstract - The Field of Psychotherapy has seen a renaissance of mindfulness, the practice of being in the present moment without judgement. Scientific evidence suggests that mindfulness helps to counter Depression and has a beneficial effect on the brain. The martial arts of Eastern origin, which work directly with the body, are as old as mindfulness; can they too be beneficial for mental health?
Mass Correction to Chiral Kinetic Equations
Creators: name: Wang, Ziyue
name: Guo, Xingyu
name: Shi, Shuzhe
name: Zhuang, Pengfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study fermion mass correction to chiral kinetic equations in electromagnetic fields. Different from the chiral limit where fermion number density is the only independent distribution, the number and spin densities are coupled to each other for massive fermion systems. To the first order in $\hbar$, we derived the quantum correction to the classical on-shell condition and the Boltzmann-type transport equations. To the linear order in the fermion mass, the mass correction does not change the structure of the chiral kinetic equations and behaves like additional collision terms. While the mass correction exists already at classical level in general electromagnetic fields, it is only a first order quantum correction in the study of chiral magnetic effect.
description: 4 pages, Quark Matter 2019 conference proceeding. Drawn from arXiv:1903.03461
A quantum symmetric key cipher(Y-00) and key generation (Quantum stream cipher-Part II)
Creators: name: Hirota, Osamu
name: Kato, Kentaro
name: Sohma, Masaki
name: Fuse, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What obstructs the realization of useful quantum cryptography is single photon scheme, or entanglement which is not applicable to the current infrastructure of optical communication network. We are concerned with the following question: Can we realize the information theoretically secure symmetric key cipher under "the finite secret key" based on quantum-optical communications? A role of quantum information theory is to give an answer for such a question. As an answer for the question, a new quantum cryptography was proposed by H.P.Yuen, which can realize a secure symmetric key cipher with high speeds(Gbps) and for long distance(1000 Km). Although some researchers claim that Yuen protocol(Y-00) is equivalent to the classical cryptography, they are all mistaken. Indeed it has no classical analogue, and also provides a generalization even in the conventional cryptography. At present, it is proved that a basic model of Y-00 has at least the security such as $H(X|Y_E)=H(K|Y_E)=H(K)$, $H(K|Y_E,X)\sim 0$ under the average photon number per signal light pulse:$ \sim 10000$. Towards our final goal, in this paper, we clarify a role of classical randomness(secret key) and quantum randomness in Y-00, and give a rigorous quantum mechanical interpretation of the security, showing an analysis of quantum collective attack.
description: Proceedings of Quantum Informatics 2004(Moscow, Oct. 2004)
Invisible Denizens: What_Possibilities Are There Left Among Migrant Night Workers in the Nocturnal City of London.pdf
Creators: name: Julius-Cezar MacQuarie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160104 Social and Cultural Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160303 Migration

description: The main theoretical contribution of this paper is to show that the transitional processes from circadian to post-circadian capitalist era have reduced capabilities for sociability of migrant night shift workers. It analyses the three main contributing factors to the corrosion of solidarity amongst migrant denizens: (a) the expansion of the working day into the night; (b) the major alterations of time over time, and the nurturing ground for these changes, (c) global cities, as the nurturing ground for occupational polarization.
Consumers’ Attitudes towards Green Food production in China: A test of the values-attitudes hierarchy
Creators: name: Perrea, Toula
name: Grunert, Klaus G.
name: Krystallis, Athanasios
name: Zhou, Yanfeng
name: Perrea, Toula
name: Grunert, Klaus G.
name: Krystallis, Athanasios
name: Zhou, Yanfeng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Green food is perceived by Chinese consumers as environmentally friendly and safe to consume. Through a hierarchical values-attitudes model, the paper examines the degree to which attitudes towards green food is determined by consumers’ values and their general attitudes towards environment and nature and technological progress. The link between collectivism, attitudes towards environment and nature, and attitudes towards green food is the strongest link of the hierarchical model. However, collectivism also influences attitudes towards technological progress, which in turn influence attitudes towards green food. This finding, coupled with the lack of significant relationship between individualism and attitudes towards technological progress point towards the conclusion that the belief of Chinese people that technology is a positive determinant of food safety and environmental friendliness in food production steams from altruistic predispositions, which in turn influence (positively) Chinese consumers’ attitudes towards technology.
Supplemental Material 2: Methodoloy mixing analysis from Non-uniform mixing of hepatic venous flow and inferior vena cava flow in the Fontan conduit
Creators: name: Rijnberg, Friso M.
name: Séline F. S. Van Der Woude
name: Assen, Hans C. Van
name: Juffermans, Joe F.
name: Hazekamp, Mark G.
name: Jongbloed, Monique R. M.
name: Kenjeres, Sasa
name: Lamb, Hildo J.
name: Westenberg, Jos J. M.
name: Wentzel, Jolanda J.
name: Roest, Arno A. W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 29903 Medical Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Method of mixing quantification of inferior vena cava and hepatic venous flow
Shocks in economic growth = shocking effects on agricultural markets?
Creators: name: Kavallari, Aikaterini
name: Fellmann, Thomas
name: Gay, Stephan Hubertus
name: Kavallari, Aikaterini
name: Fellmann, Thomas
name: Gay, Stephan Hubertus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: economic growth
subject: agricultural commodity markets
subject: AGLINK-COSIMO

description: Projections on the development of agricultural commodity markets underlie a given set of assumptions on economic growth. However, recent economic and financial crisis, as well as signs of quicker recovery in emerging economies, increase uncertainty in the forecasts of macroeconomic developments. This paper analyses the effects of different economic growth scenarios on agricultural commodity markets. In particular we assess the potential impacts of a faster economic growth in emerging economies on the one hand and of a replication of the recent economic downturn on the other hand. The empirical analysis uses the AGLINKCOSIMO model and builds upon the recently published European agricultural outlook of the EU Commission. The simulation results demonstrate that higher economic growth influences demand more than supply, resulting in higher world market prices. Emerging economies tend to import more and stock less in order to cover their demand needs, while the rest of the world increases its exports. In total the ending stocks decrease and combined with the increased consumption, the stock-to-use ratio decreases. Replication of an economic downturn affects the markets differently, depending on how elastic or inelastic the markets react to price signals. Livestock markets appear more stable and do not regain their baseline levels within a 5-year period. The magnitude of the effects is smaller the longer the simulated time path is and certainly depends on the introduced shock.
Large work extraction and the Landauer limit in a continuous Maxwell demon
Creators: name: Ribezzi-Crivellari, Marco
name: Ritort, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between entropy and information dates back to the classical Maxwell demon (MD) paradox, a thought experiment proposed in 1867 by J. C. Maxwell to violate the second law of thermodynamics. A variant of the classical MD is the Szilard engine proposed by L. Szilard in 1926 in which the demon observes, at a given time, the compartment occupied by a single molecule in a vessel and extracts work by operating a pulley device. Here we introduce the Continuous Maxwell Demon (CMD), a device capable of extracting arbitrarily large amounts of work per cycle by repeated measurements of the state of a system, and experimentally test it in single DNA hairpin pulling experiments. In the CMD the demon monitors the state of the DNA hairpin (folded or unfolded) by observing it at equally spaced time intervals but extracts work only when the molecule changes state. We demonstrate that the average maximum work per cycle that can be extracted by the CMD is limited by the information-content of the stored sequences, in agreement with the second law. Work extraction efficiency is found to be maximal in the large information-content limit where work extraction is fuelled by rare events.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. II. A unified picture of the Cluster Luminosity Function
Creators: name: Popesso, Paola
name: Boehringer, Hans
name: Romaniello, Martino
name: Voges, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constructed the composite luminosity function (LF) of clusters of galaxies in the five SDSS photometric bands u,g,r,i and z from the RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster catalog. Background and foreground galaxies are subtracted using both a local and a global background correction to take in account the presence of large scale structures and variations from field to field, respectively. The composite LF clearly shows two components: a bright-end LF with a classical slope of -1.25 in each photometric band, and a faint-end LF much steeper (-2.1 <= α<= -1.6) in the dwarf galaxy region. The observed upturn of the faint galaxies has a location ranging from -16 +5log(h) in the g band to -18.5 +5log(h) in the z band. To study the universality of the cluster LF we compare the individual cluster LFs with the composite luminosity function. We notice that, in agreement with the composite LF, a single Schechter component is not a good fit for the majority of the clusters. We fit a Schechter function to the bright-end of the individual clusters LFs in the magnitude region brighter than the observed upturn of the dwarf galaxies. We observe that the distributions of the derived parameters is close to a Gaussian around the value of the composite bright-end LF parameters with a dispersion compatible with the statistical errors. We conclude that the bright-end of the galaxy clusters is universal. To study the behavior of the individual faint-end LF we define the Dwarf to Giant galaxy Ratio (DGR) of the single clusters. We notice that the distribution of DGR has a spread much larger than the statistical errors. Our conclusion is that the cluster luminosity function is not universal since the cluster faint-end, differently from the bright-end, varies from cluster to cluster.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, A&A in press
Sourcing and Promotion of Local Foods by Food Cooperatives in the U.S.
Creators: name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Woods, Timothy A.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Woods, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: food consumer cooperatives
subject: local foods

description: This study examines the role that food consumer cooperatives play in the local food networks. Data are collected from three case studies with leading food cooperatives and a national survey of the general managers of food cooperatives. We identify the emerging business practices in local sourcing as a differentiation and member recruitment strategy for food cooperatives. Our analysis identifies several clusters of strategies used for local food procurement, based on the extent to which the co-op is involved in procurement activities upstream (at the farm), mid-stream (at the distribution center) or downstream (at the food cooperative). The results also show that when compared to other grocers, food co-ops have clear advantages in working with local producers and oftentimes play a key role in the producers’ business viability.
Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council Strategic Communications Brief
Creators: name: Poelina, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111701 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 130301 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 160501 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 110403 Traditional Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Medicine and Treatments
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 180101 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 210301 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 200201 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Studies
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: 80701 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Knowledge Management
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 50201 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Environmental Knowledge
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80601 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Information and Knowledge Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A summary of the main strategic communication statements for the Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council.
IDENTIFICATION OF MARKET POWER IN THE HUNGARIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY: A PLANT-LEVEL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr
name: Hockmann, Heinrich
name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr
name: Hockmann, Heinrich
name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Ferto, Imre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The objective of this paper is to provide an alternative model which can be used to test for oligopsony market power applying plant-level data. For this purpose, we took into account empirical studies and specific developments in the Hungarian dairy industry and specified a model that provides useful benchmarks for an econometric test of market power. The results of the econometric analysis show that the effects from policy changes in Hungary, as well as from plant specific issues are highly statistically significant, and produce evidence suggesting the exercise of oligopsony market power in the Hungarian dairy industry.
Three essays in commercial mortgages
Creators: name: Holmes, Cynthia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation consists of three essays on the topic of commercial mortgages. The first paper contributes to the commercial mortgage literature and the multiple factor asset-pricing literature by creating a model for commercial mortgage returns. The result of an initial analysis using the five Fama and French (1993) factors is that the sensitivities of commercial mortgage returns and corporate bond returns to all factors are statistically indistinguishable. However, further analysis was performed using factors associated with real estate returns, and the result is that unlike corporate bonds, commercial mortgage returns are sensitive to the factor that measures growth in personal consumption. In the second paper, I investigate the two potential outcomes that can eventually arise when a commercial mortgage borrower fails to make a scheduled payment. Either the borrower reinstates the loan and resumes payment or the lender forecloses on the property. The following question arises: under which situation does each outcome occ.ur? I investigate this using a game-theoretic model and multinomial logit empirical tests on a disaggregate dataset. My key finding is that the outcome is based on the relative values of variables that include the borrower's equity in the secured property and the rate of property appreciation. Empirical tests confirm that the characteristics of real estate loans across delinquency outcomes are distinguishable. The third paper investigates the role of commercial mortgage guarantees in default. Childs, Ott and Riddiough (1996) use an options-based theoretical model to show that recourse should reduce the likelihood of default. This paper tests that prediction empirically using a database from a Canadian lender. The advantage of using a Canadian dataset is the prevalence of recourse lending not seen in the U.S. I find a negative relationship between default and the presence of a guarantee, supporting the Childs, Ott and Riddiough (1996) prediction.
Are Local Corn Prices Affected by the Location of Ethanol Biorefineries?
Creators: name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: corn prices
subject: ethanol
subject: ethanol plant location
subject: difference-in-differences.

description: This study examines whether the local competition for corn to produce ethanol has lead to significantly higher prices for farmers located close to ethanol biorefineries. If any, such price premiums for spatial closeness would be in addition to the general level of corn price changes experienced by farmers throughout the U.S. The difference-in-differences estimation method is used to account for both time and spatial differences in order to measure the interaction of time and spatial effects. Using the USDA’s ARMS data, the results show that while prices in real terms have changed over time, farmers located close to ethanol biorefineries have not received significantly higher prices than farmers living farther away from biorefineries. These findings indicate that there is a lack of evidence for price premiums due to spatial closeness to ethanol plants.
Supplemental Table 1: MRI details from Non-uniform mixing of hepatic venous flow and inferior vena cava flow in the Fontan conduit
Creators: name: Rijnberg, Friso M.
name: Séline F. S. Van Der Woude
name: Assen, Hans C. Van
name: Juffermans, Joe F.
name: Hazekamp, Mark G.
name: Jongbloed, Monique R. M.
name: Kenjeres, Sasa
name: Lamb, Hildo J.
name: Westenberg, Jos J. M.
name: Wentzel, Jolanda J.
name: Roest, Arno A. W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 29903 Medical Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MRI details of TCPC anatomic and velocity acquisitions
Landowner response to policies regulating land improvements: lease or search for other options?
Creators: name: Eija, Pouta
name: Sami, Myyra
name: Kyosti, Pietola
name: Eija, Pouta
name: Sami, Myyra
name: Kyosti, Pietola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: contingent behaviour
subject: latent class model
subject: landlord
subject: land use
subject: heterogeneity

description: Land improvements with long pay-back periods are often delayed on leased agricultural land, resulting in social costs through land degradation, decreased land productivity and environmental problems. An important question is thus how landowners would respond to regulations and mandates concerning land improvements. Based on a landowner survey, we analyse landowner choices under certain land improvement regulations, using the currently dominant choice of leasing land for agricultural use as the benchmark. The results indicated that land leasing will continue to increase in the future, but if the landowner mandate to co-finance costly land improvements is increased, landowners are predicted to respond significantly to these mandates and search for other land management options. Three heterogeneous landowner groups were identified based on their land use choices. Current leasers and amenity owners, in particular, were sensitive to land improvement mandates, and would avoid compulsory investment expenses by selling or afforesting their land.
Threshold Voltage Shift in Organic Field Effect Transistors by Dipole-Monolayers on the Gate Insulator
Creators: name: Pernstich, K. P.
name: Rashid, A. N.
name: Haas, S.
name: Schitter, G.
name: Oberhoff, D.
name: Goldmann, C.
name: Gundlach, D. J.
name: Batlogg, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate controllable shift of the threshold voltage and the turn-on voltage in pentacene thin film transistors and rubrene single crystal field effect transistors (FET) by the use of nine organosilanes with different functional groups. Prior to depositing the organic semiconductors, the organosilanes were applied to the SiO2 gate insulator from solution and form a self assembled monolayer (SAM). The observed shift of the transfer characteristics range from -2 to 50 V and can be related to the surface potential of the layer next to the transistor channel. Concomitantly the mobile charge carrier concentration at zero gate bias reaches up to 4*10^12/cm^2. In the single crystal FETs the measured transfer characteristics are also shifted, while essentially maintaining the high quality of the subthreshold swing. The shift of the transfer characteristics is governed by the built-in electric field of the SAM and can be explained using a simple energy level diagram. In the thin film devices, the subthreshold region is broadened, indicating that the SAM creates additional trap states, whose density is estimated to be of order 1*10^12/cm^2.
description: to be published in J. Appl. Phys
Aim Low, Shoot High: Evading Aimbot Detectors by Mimicking User Behavior
Creators: name: Witschel, Tim
name: Wressnegger, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current schemes to detect cheating in online games often build on the assumption that the applied cheat takes actions that are drastically different from normal behavior. For instance, an Aimbot for a first-person shooter is used by an amateur player to increase his/her capabilities many times over. Attempts to evade detection would require to reduce the intended effect such that the advantage is presumably lowered into insignificance. We argue that this is not necessarily the case and demonstrate how a professional player is able to make use of an adaptive Aimbot that mimics user behavior to gradually increase performance and thus evades state-of-the-art detection mechanisms. We show this in a quantitative and qualitative evaluation with two professional "Counter-Strike: Global Offensive" players, two open-source Anti-Cheat systems, and the commercially established combination of VAC, VACnet, and Overwatch.
description: 6 pages
Photoassociation inside an optical dipole trap: absolute rate coefficients and Franck-Condon factors
Creators: name: Wester, R.
name: Kraft, S. D.
name: Mudrich, M.
name: Staudt, M. U.
name: Lange, J.
name: Vanhaecke, N.
name: Dulieu, O.
name: Weidemuller, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present quantitative measurements of the photoassociation of cesium molecules inside a far-detuned optical dipole trap. A model of the trap depletion dynamics is derived which allows to extract absolute photoassociation rate coefficients for the initial single-photon photoassociation step from measured trap-loss spectra. The sensitivity of this approach is demonstrated by measuring the Franck-Condon modulation of the weak photoassociation transitions into the low vibrational levels of the outer well of the 0g- state that correlates to the 6s+6p3/2 asymptote. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions. In a magneto-optical trap these transitions have previously only been observed indirectly through ionization of ground state molecules.
The Energy Density of "Wound" Fields in a Toroidal Universe
Creators: name: Fischler, W.
name: Paban, S.
name: Zanic, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observational limits on the present energy density of the Universe allow for a component that redshifts like $1/a^2$ and can contribute significantly to the total. We show that a possible origin for such a contribution is that the universe has a toroidal topology with "wound" scalar fields around its cycles.
description: 11 pages, 1figure
A Qualitative Study on the Social Impact of Industrialization in Badli
Creators: name: Nayyar, Nikhil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160804 Rural Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160810 Urban Sociology and Community Studies
subject: Sociology
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: 170113 Social and Community Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The article aims to investigate and analyze the social impact of industrialization on Badli. Badli is one of the largest industrial zones in Delhi which also bears large slums neighboring to the industries. The literature available on the area is also limited to news articles and government reports, thus further research on Badli is required. The social implications were examined through naturalistic observational research and unstructured interviews of 10 individuals from Badli. Using thematic analysis and secondary data analysis the data was interpreted into common themes and key ideas. The analysis showed most Industries in Badli are unauthorized and have issues such as unemployment, child labor, hazardous working conditions, nominal wages, producing illegal substances and lack of healthcare management. People living in the neighboring slum areas suffer from issues such as poor health care facilities, below par educational infrastructure, high crime rates, harmful drainage and ventilation services, congested housing structures, economic disparity, and toxic family environment. Thus Industrialization has deeper implications on the society of Badli which can be attributed to the influx of migrants, industries and poor governance by the administrative authorities to control and manage the industrial process in Badli. It can be concluded that there is a huge correlation between social change and industrialization. Further studies are required to create socio-economic policies catering to the situation in Badli for a long-lasting sustainable effect on the area.