cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Groundwater monitoring in Niamey, Niger: Is groundwater an alternative drinking water supply under the current quality conditions?
Creators: name: Bakayoko, Issa
name: Zinsou, Didier
name: Wannous, Manal
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Groundwater in Niger represents an essential resource for survival in remote areas far from the Niger River and a reserve in areas where access to surface water is secured as in Niamey itself. The monitoring of this resource offered as a part of the technical cooperation with the Niger Basin Authority NBA enabled to obtain data on groundwater quality and observe changes in groundwater levels over the last decade. The monitoring targeted the three main aquifers existing in the area: the alluvial aquifer, the Continental Terminal aquifer and the fractured basement aquifer. Several boreholes in the first and second aquifers show high concentrations of NH4, NO2 and heavy metals. The boreholes belonging to the third aquifer show concentrations of NO3 considerably exceeding the WHO recommendation value between 100-1500 mg/l making this resource unfit for water supply. Reasons behind these excessive levels were mainly explained through the direct discharge of wastewater which is common in the Sahel region into the underground. However, the increased concentrations of NO3 in some wells during the rainy season imply a source in the unsaturated zone which mobilizes the nitrate during the infiltration.

In addition to nitrate, elevated concentrations of heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium were detected in the basement aquifer proving the possible infiltration of contaminants from the top layers.

These results show that the monitoring tools offered within the technical cooperation framework enable to detect and trace the contaminants. however, they alarm the authorities to meet measures to protect this resource urgently.
Magnetic phase diagrams of barcode-type nanostructures
Creators: name: Leighton, B.
name: Suarez, O. J.
name: Landeros, P.
name: Escrig, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic configurations of barcode-type magnetic nanostructures consisting of alternate ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic layers arranged within a multilayer nanotube structure are investigated as a function of their geometry. Based on a continuum approach we have obtained analytical expressions for the energy which lead us to obtain phase diagrams giving the relative stability of characteristic internal magnetic configurations of the barcode-type nanostructures.
Data-driven analytics for the automated inspection of shipping containers
Creators: name: Bahrami, Zhila
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Shipping containers have revolutionized global trade and become vital to supply chain infrastructure. However, shipping containers must be regularly inspected to ensure contents are appropriately protected. Shipping container inspection refers to monitoring containers’ security and safety conditions during transit; containers have not been tampered with and are maintained safely during their life cycles. Currently, the inspection of containers is performed manually by human observation, which is error-prone and time-consuming. This research aims to provide automated shipping container inspection solutions that benefit the global transportation industry. First, the security of shipping containers is inspected. A deep learning-based architecture is developed to examine security seals on the container’s rear for automated security inspection of shipping containers. It consists of two key modules: a multi-scale multi-depth image pyramid network to extract feature representations and an attention-based memory bank to extract long-range spatial dependencies. These two modules provide the terminals with a highly accurate and efficient security inspection solution. Then, the safety condition of containers is thoroughly inspected to maintain containers in good condition. Finally, a supervised deep learning-based architecture is proposed to detect and characterize defects on the surface of shipping containers. The proposed framework employs a multi-scale multi-depth image pyramid network in conjunction with two attention-based memory banks to achieve high performance on defect detection. Additionally, the framework introduces a novel optical flow-based image stitching for defect characterization to estimate the percentage of defects present on the surface of a container. Last but not least, an unsupervised deep learning-based architecture is developed to inspect the safety of shipping containers. A considerable number of data and their ground truth are demanded to be prepared by human annotators, which is costly and time-consuming. Our framework adopts defect generation and feature extraction using multi-scale multi-depth networks and Siamese networks to detect abnormal regions on the surface of containers. The proposed framework is well-generalized and works well at terminals with various conditions. The outcomes of this research will benefit the global transportation industry since they will assist in the standardization and reinforcement of container management and logistics at terminals.
Additional file 8 of The Clean pilot study: evaluation of an environmental hygiene intervention bundle in three Tanzanian hospitals
Creators: name: Gon, Giorgia
name: Abdunoor M. Kabanywanyi
name: Blinkhoff, Petri
name: Cousens, Simon
name: Dancer, Stephanie J.
name: Graham, Wendy J.
name: Hokororo, Joseph
name: Fatuma Manzi
name: Marchant, Tanya
name: Dickson Mkoka
name: Morrison, Emma
name: Mswata, Sarah
name: Oza, Shefali
name: Loveday Penn-Kekana
name: Yovitha Sedekia
name: Virgo, Sandra
name: Woodd, Susannah
name: Aiken, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 8 “ACC breakdown”. Results by categories of ACC.
Violations of parity and charge conjugation in the theta vacuum with imaginary chemical potential
Creators: name: Kouno, Hiroaki
name: Sakai, Yuji
name: Sasaki, Takahiro
name: Kashiwa, Kouji
name: Yahiro, Masanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge conjugation (C) and Parity (P) are exact symmetries at theta =pi and Theta = mu/(iT)=pi, where theta is the parameter of the so-called theta-vacuum, mu is the imaginary quark-number chemical potential and T is the temperature. Spontaneous breakings of these discrete symmetries are investigated by the the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. At zero T, P symmetry is spontaneously broken while C symmetry is conserved. As T increases, P symmetry is restored just after C symmetry is spontaneously broken, so that either P or C symmetry or both the symmetries are spontaneously broken for any T. The chiral-symmetry restoration and the deconfinement transition at theta =Theta =0 are remnants of the P restoration and the C breaking at theta =Theta =pi, respectively.
description: Twelve pages, 26 figures. Figure 7, 11 and 12 have been added. Figure 13(a) has been revised. Some sentences and references have been added. Typos have been corrected
title: Geological storage of Hydrogen for Net Zero
Creators: name: Edlmann, Katriona
name: Hassanpouryouzband, Ali
name: Armitage, Tim
name: Thaysen, Eike
name: Heinemann, Niklas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
To meet the global commitments for net zero carbon emissions our energy mix must transition from fossil fuels. Hydrogen is gaining increasing recognition as a low carbon energy option to support this energy transition. Hydrogen is considered a low-carbon substitute for fossil fuels to decarbonise domestic and industrial heat, power generation and heavy-duty transport. It can also promote increased renewable energy uptake by acting as an energy store to balance supply and demand.

For hydrogen to be deployed at the scales required for net zero, we will need access to large-scale geological storage. This talk will present an overview of the most recent findings from research working to establish the feasibility of storing hydrogen in underground porous reservoirs. The talk will cover the results of research into the key biological and chemical reactions between the reservoir rocks, formation fluids and injected hydrogen that could compromise the storage complex and the key flow processes that influence hydrogen migration and trapping during injection and withdrawal. It will also consider the role of hydrogen storage within an integrated energy system.
title: Efficiency and depth of H2O recycling from a modelling perspective
Creators: name: Vulpius, Sara
name: Menne, Falco
name: Noack, Lena
name: Henke-Seemann, Oliver
name: Sanchis Melchor, Enrique
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The recycling of volatiles like H2O from the surface into the interior is critical as it influences the physical and chemical properties of the mantle. One of the essential effects H2O has on the mantle is the reduction of the solidus temperature, as this can trigger partial melting. On the one hand, the process of partial melting is vital for arc and ore deposit formation. On the other hand, it is thought to be a requirement for the generation of the continental crust.

Even though intensive work has been done on investigating the stability fields of hydrous phases experimentally and thermodynamically depending on pressure, temperature, and composition, it is still debated to which depths and in which quantities H2O can be recycled. However, the parameters influencing the mineral stability and break-down (e.g., pressure, temperature, composition, oxygen fugacity) change constantly during the recycling process. To include these changes, global convection models are required which take the varying conditions over time into account. While numerous studies exist, that model the subduction process itself, the recycling of H2O is not considered to date in most of the simulations, or strongly simplified models are applied.

We model the quantity of H2O that can be recycled as well as the depth to which the recycling is possible. For this purpose, we test individual parameters affecting the H2O recycling and dehydration from the subducting slab. To benchmark our simulations, we compare our results with seismological observations of the Pacific plate subducting beneath northeast Japan.
Public Benefits of Private Technology Adoption. The Localized Spatial Externalities of Water Conservation in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Creators: name: Bhargava, Anil K.
name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Spielman, David J.
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Public Benefits of Private Technology Adoption. The Localized Spatial Externalities of Water Conservation in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Pion-induced Drell-Yan processes and the flavor-dependent EMC effect
Creators: name: Dutta, D.
name: Peng, J. -C.
name: Cloet, I. C.
name: Gaskell, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pion-induced Drell-Yan processes are proposed as a potential tool to measure the flavor dependence of the EMC effect, that is, the flavor-dependent modification of quark distributions in the nuclear medium. Existing pionic Drell-Yan data are compared with calculations using a recent model for nuclear quark distributions that incorporates flavor-dependent nuclear effects. While no firm conclusions can yet be drawn, we demonstrate that existing Drell-Yan data seem to imply a flavor dependence of the EMC effect. We highlight how pion-induced Drell-Yan experiments on nuclear targets can access important new aspects of the EMC effect, not probed in deep inelastic scattering, and will therefore provide very stringent constrains for models of nuclear quark distributions. Predictions for possible future pion-induced Drell-Yan experiments are also presented.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The effect of variations in the input physics on the cosmic distribution of metals predicted by simulations
Creators: name: Wiersma, Robert P. C.
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Theuns, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We investigate how a range of physical processes affect the cosmic metal distribution using a suite of cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations. Focusing on z = 0 and 2, we study the metallicities and metal mass fractions for stars as well as for the ISM, and several more diffuse gas phases. We vary the cooling rates, star formation law, structure of the ISM, galactic winds, feedback from AGN, reionization history, stellar IMF, and cosmology. In all models stars and the warm-hot IGM (WHIM) constitute the dominant repository of metals, while for z > 2 the ISM is also important. In models with galactic winds, predictions for the metallicities of the various phases vary at the factor of two level and are broadly consistent with observations. The exception is the cold-warm IGM, whose metallicity varies at the order of magnitude level if the prescription for galactic winds is varied, even for a fixed wind energy per unit stellar mass formed, and falls far below the observed values if winds are not included. At the other extreme, the metallicity of the intracluster medium (ICM) is largely insensitive to the presence of galactic winds, indicating that its enrichment is regulated by other processes. The mean metallicities of stars (~ Z_sun), the ICM (~ 0.1 Z_sun), and the WHIM (~ 0.1 Z_sun) evolve only slowly, while those of the cold halo gas and the IGM increase by more than an order of magnitude from z = 5 to 0. Higher velocity outflows are more efficient at transporting metals to low densities, but actually predict lower metallicities for the cold-warm IGM since the winds shock-heat the gas to high temperatures, thereby increasing the fraction of the metals residing in, but not the metallicity of, the WHIM. Besides galactic winds driven by feedback from star formation, the metal distribution is most sensitive to the inclusion of metal-line cooling and feedback from AGN.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS (one reference added to submitted version)
Additional file 4 of The Clean pilot study: evaluation of an environmental hygiene intervention bundle in three Tanzanian hospitals
Creators: name: Gon, Giorgia
name: Abdunoor M. Kabanywanyi
name: Blinkhoff, Petri
name: Cousens, Simon
name: Dancer, Stephanie J.
name: Graham, Wendy J.
name: Hokororo, Joseph
name: Fatuma Manzi
name: Marchant, Tanya
name: Dickson Mkoka
name: Morrison, Emma
name: Mswata, Sarah
name: Oza, Shefali
name: Loveday Penn-Kekana
name: Yovitha Sedekia
name: Virgo, Sandra
name: Woodd, Susannah
name: Aiken, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4 “Sample size”. Sample size calculations.
A critical Mach number for electron injection in collisionless shocks
Creators: name: Amano, Takanobu
name: Hoshino, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron acceleration in collisionless shocks with arbitrary magnetic field orientations is discussed. It is shown that the injection of thermal electrons into diffusive shock acceleration process is achieved by an electron beam with a loss-cone in velocity space that is reflected back upstream from the shock through shock drift acceleration mechanism. The electron beam is able to excite whistler waves which can scatter the energetic electrons themselves when the Alfven Mach number of the shock is sufficiently high. A critical Mach number for the electron injection is obtained as a function of upstream parameters. The application to supernova remnant shocks is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figure, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
title: A benchmark gallery for hierarchical model verification of TH2M coupled process models: Examples for CO2 sequestration and nuclear waste disposal
Creators: name: Kurgyis, Kata
name: Chaudhry, Aqeel Afzal
name: Pitz, Michael
name: Grunwald, Norbert
name: Buchwald, Jörg
name: Naumov, Dmitri
name: Wang, Wenqing
name: Lehmann, Christoph
name: Kolditz, Olaf
name: Maßmann, Jobst
name: Nagel, Thomas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
In this study, we introduce an open-source benchmark gallery for a systematic verification of numerical simulations of coupled multi-field processes in geological storage and sequestration. Here, the focus lies on assessing the integrity of a host rock and/or geological barrier, which requires understanding material failure and behavior under different thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical (THMC) conditions. To support quality assurance of the simulation workflows, the gallery provides automated benchmarking and peer-reviewed code development.

Since closed-form solutions covering all aspects of non-isothermal two-phase flow in deformable media (TH2M) problems are not available, the verification procedure is subdivided into simpler conceptual models, up to single-variable processes (Grunwald et al., 2022). These reduced complexity problems can be described by semi- or fully analytical solutions. Extensive verification of very basic combinations (T/H/M/HM/TH etc.) was already conducted, therefore, focus lies on the investigation of more complex problems.

In the context of TH2M systems, the gallery includes three cases relevant to CCS:

THM problem: Thermally induced expansion of liquid and solid phases resulting in thermal strain in the surrounding solid matrix and fluid displacement. (Booker and Savvidou, 1985; Chaudhry et al., 2019)

TH2 problem: Phase change and heat transport in a thermal gradient (Udell and Fitch, 1985; Helmig et al. 1997)

TH2M: Heat loss to under- and overburden due to non-isothermal, supercritical CO2 injection into reservoir. (LaForce et al. 2014a and 2014b; Green at al. 2021)

The gallery consists of comprehensive browser-integrated problem descriptions, analytical solutions, and numerical simulations obtained with the open-source simulation tool OpenGeoSys (Bilke et al., 2022).
OneGeochemistry: a Proposed International Framework to Enable Online Interchange of Globally Distributed Geochemical Data
Creators: name: Wyborn, Lesley
name: Lehnert, Kerstin
name: Prent, Alexander
name: Klöcking, Marthe
name: Klump, Jens
name: ter Maat, Geertje
name: Elger, Kirsten
name: Profeta, Lucia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: geochemical data
data standards
global network
long-tail
data management

description: Geochemical data are fundamental to understanding processes in natural systems and have been collected for more than a century. They could now be a vital input into many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), in particular SDG#6 (Clean Water and Sanitation); SDG#7 (Affordable and Clean Energy); SDG#8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth); SDG#9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure); SDG#13 (Climate Action) and SDG#15 (Life on Land). Unfortunately, it is near impossible to reuse the vast existing amounts of geochemical data: they are currently globally fragmented over thousands of databases and are located in either personal, institutional or national silos. Very little is accessible online and where it is, the lack of agreed international standards for metadata/data make it near impossible to reuse without considerable human effort in data wrangling and cleaning. A mapping of the global landscape identified some major national geochemical data ‘Systems’ (GeoRoc, EarthChem, Deep-time Digital Earth, AuScope Geochemistry Network, EPOS): each deals with various parts of the geochemical ecosystem ranging from collection /description of samples in the field, through laboratory analysis, to publication of the results and their longer term accessibility in online databases. Although each ‘System’ has a different driver, funding and context, there are common elements within each that can be leveraged into a OneGeochemistry ‘Framework’ (e.g., target analytes are based on the Periodic Table; all require standard units of measure; many use rock or mineral names). The overall goal is to create a FAIR global network of interoperable distributed geochemical databases and data systems.
The Teaching Historical Interpretation in Moroccan Upper Secondary Education:  Between Classroom Practices and Contemporary Epistemological and Didactic Advancements
Creators: name: Science Step Journal
Publisher: name: Science Step Journal
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Teaching method
subject: Didactics
subject: History
subject: Historical Interpretation

description: This study explores how historical interpretation is taught in Moroccan secondary school history classrooms. Historical interpretation is key to understanding the perspectives of people from the past, but it requires thoughtful teaching methods to make it meaningful for students. The research looks at whether teachers' views and classroom practices align with modern approaches to teaching history. To investigate this, the study used surveys to understand teachers’ perceptions and classroom observations to see how historical interpretation is being taught. The findings reveal a clear gap between theory and practice. Many teachers lack proper training in this area, often confusing explanations with interpretation, which affects the way history is presented to students. While some teachers recognize the importance of historical thinking, inconsistencies in their methods make it difficult for students to develop strong analytical skills. Too often, historical interpretation is approached superficially, without emphasizing its role in building knowledge. As a result, students miss out on opportunities to think critically about history. This study highlights the need for better training and support for teachers so they can help students engage more deeply with historical interpretation and develop the critical thinking skills necessary to understand the past.
Supplementary document for Optics-on-a-chip for ultrafast manipulation of sub-GHz hard x-ray pulses - 5141759.pdf
Creators: name: Chen, Pice
name: Jung, Jin
name: Walko, Don
name: gao, Ya
name: Li, Zhilong
name: Mooney, Tim
name: Shenoy, Gopal
name: Lopez, Daniel
name: Wang, Jin
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Classical and Physical Optics

description: A supplementary file in MS Word format
Constraining the Minimum Mass of High-Redshift Galaxies and Their Contribution to the Ionization State of the IGM
Creators: name: Muñoz, Joseph A.
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the latest HST WFPC3/IR observations of > 100 galaxies at redshifts z=7-8 in terms of a hierarchical galaxy formation model with starburst activity. Our model provides a distribution of UV luminosities per dark matter halo of a given mass and a natural explanation for the fraction of halos hosting galaxies. The observed luminosity function is best fit with a minimum halo mass per galaxy of 10^{9.4+0.3-0.9} Msun, corresponding to a virial temperature of 10^{4.9+0.2-0.7} K. Extrapolating to faint, undetected galaxies, the total production rate of ionizing radiation depends critically on this minimum mass. Future measurements with JWST should determine whether the entire galaxy population can comfortably account for the UV background required to keep the intergalactic medium ionized.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ApJ, comments welcome
The star cluster - field star connection in nearby spiral galaxies. II. Field star and cluster formation histories and their relation
Creators: name: Silva-Villa, Esteban
name: Larsen, Soeren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have started to cast doubt on the assumption that most stars are formed in clusters. Observational studies of field stars and star cluster systems in nearby galaxies can lead to better constraints on the fraction of stars forming in clusters. We aim to constrain the amount of star formation happening in long-lived clusters for four galaxies through the homogeneous study of field stars and star clusters. Using HST/ACS-WFPC2 images of the galaxies NGC45, NGC1313, NGC5236 and NGC7793, we estimate star formation histories by means of the synthetic CMD method. Masses and ages of star clusters are estimated using simple stellar population model fitting. Comparing observed and modeled luminosity functions we estimate cluster formation rates. By randomly sampling the stellar IMF, we construct artificial star clusters and quantify how stochastic effects influence cluster detection, integrated colors and age estimates. Star formation rates appear to be constant over the past 10-100 Myr. The number of clusters identified per galaxy varies, with few massive (>10^5Msun) and few old (>1Gyr) clusters. The galaxies NGC5236 and NGC1313 show high star and cluster formation rates compare to NGC7793 and NGC45. Stochastic sampling of the SIMF has a strong impact on estimation of ages, colors and completeness for clusters with masses <10^4Msun, while for high masses the effect is less pronounced. Stochasticity also makes size measurements highly uncertain at young ages, making it difficult to distinguish between clusters and stars based on sizes. The ratio of star formation happening in clusters compared to the global star formation ($Γ$) appears to vary for different galaxies. We find no obvious relation between $Γ$ and the star formation rate density within the range probed here. The $Γ$ values do, however, appear to correlate with the specific U-band luminosity (T_L (U)).
description: 18 pages, 17 figures. A&A accepted
title: Mineralogy and origin of a silico carbonatite mega xenolith in the alvikites of the Dicker Willem Complex (Namibia)
Creators: name: Kemmler, Lorenz
name: Giebel, R. Johannes
name: Walter, Benjamin F.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The Eocene (49 Ma) Dicker Willem carbonatite complex represents an “Inselberg” (5 km2) forming a subvolcanic intrusion in southern Namibia. It consists of several stages of carbonatitic intrusions including, alvikite, sövite, nepheline sövite as well as carbonatite breccia. Associated silicate rocks (ijolite and nepheline syenite) are rare but found as xenoliths of various sizes embedded in carbonatite (sövite and alvikite). To decipher the genetic relation between carbonatites and silicate rocks and the formation of nepheline sövite (which is seen as a transitional lithology), we investigated a center-margin profile within a silicate-rich carbonatite xenolith (Ø 7 m) enclosed in fine-grained calcite-carbonatite (alvikite). Detailed observations show systematic mineralogical and mineral chemical variations depending on the contact proximity. Multiple element diffusions and transformation reactions can be traced. Mineralogically, feldspathoids are increasingly replaced by K-feldspar. Secondary biotite crystallized at the expense of feldspar and clinopyroxene close to the contact. Clinopyroxene compositions develop from a Ca (Mg, Fe) dominated to a Na (Fe) bearing variety. Excess iron (Fe3+) not being incorporated in biotite crystallized as hematite. With closer proximity to the host rock the dominant mineral within the xenolith becomes calcite (up to 95 modal%). These besides other indications suggest that a magmatic replacement of a silicate xenolith resulted in the successive transformation into a carbonatite, that is barely distinguishable from a coarse grained sövite. This process thus reflects the origin of the nepheline sövites rather than the liquid immiscibility that was thought to follow the genetic link between silicate rock and carbonatite at depth.
title: A historical record of combustion pollution in lake sediments during medieval and early modern times in Bad Waldsee (southern Germany)
Creators: name: Haas, Kristin
name: Saeidi ghavi andam, Sara
name: Hinderer, Matthias
name: Schiedek, Thomas
name: Marinova, Elena
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Laminated sediments of lake Stadtsee, located next to the city Bad Waldsee, provide a unique archive of socio-economic and environmental history since Medieval times. In this study we explored the composition patterns of PAHs and DMP together with the sedimentary charcoal influx records as indicators of variations in natural and anthropogenic fire activity from 1200-1800.

Charcoal particles and organic pollutants are emitted from incomplete combustion in the surrounding area as well as in the city and thus deposited in sediments. Pyrogenic Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be linked to vegetation types, householdburnings or pre-industrial production. In particular, the co-occurrence of charcoal and PAHs including dimethyl-phenanthrene (DMP) isomers can be used as a proxy to distinguish natural- and human-related historical fire activity. However, this proxy has rarely been applied for the time period before 1800.

Macro charcoal results show 15 screened charcoal peaks, which group into two phases of biomass burning. The first phase in the late Medieval period show high proportions of burned grass and monocot leaves, whereas in the second phase in the early Modern Times wood was the main fire fuel. The obtained PAH patterns, in particular the DMP isomers ratio (1.7-DMP/1.2-DMP), support the change in fuel source. High perylene values in late Medieval time indicate biogenic processes under anoxic conditions and suggests delivery of terrestrial organic material by water.
title: Behaviour of masonry arch bridges subject to flood flow and floating debris impact
Creators: name: Majtan, Eda
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2022

description: Masonry arch bridges constitute an essential part of existing transport infrastructure, retaining a broad socio-economic impact on the communities they serve. It is estimated that between 200,000 and 500,000 masonry arch bridges are in daily use in mainland Europe and more than 40,000 in the UK. Many of these bridges span watercourses and are now carrying loads far more than those envisaged by their original designers. A significant number of masonry arch bridges have been damaged or destroyed from extreme flood events in recent years. Failure of these bridges causes disruption to transportation networks, services and communities as well as economic losses associated with the cost of bridge replacement and remedial works. These extreme flood events and their risk to masonry arch bridges have motivated research into scour effects and the quantification of that type of damage to a bridgeâ��s substructure. However, the effect of flood-induced loads on the bridge superstructure has yet to be fully understood. To investigate this complex phenomenon, this thesis employs a novel approach where the flood-induced hydrostatic, hydrodynamic and floating debris impact loads on the bridge and the bridge response to these loads were obtained by means of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and non-linear finite element (FE) modelling, respectively. Validation of both the SPH and FE models were undertaken by simulating existing experimental works in the literature. To further validate the SPH method in this novel application and considering the scarcity of available experimental data, an experimental campaign was performed using a recirculating flume at the University of Manchester. The experiments investigated flood-induced forces on a single-span arch bridge with different submergence ratios of the bridge components (abutment, arch barrel, spandrel wall) and debris orientations. With the validated SPH model, a real-life flooding scenario was also examined and associated loads were obtained in terms of detailed pressure-time histories. These pressure-time histories were used as an input load in the non-linear FE model of a single-span masonry arch bridge and the bridge response to these load scenarios was obtained. The results indicate that the debris impact led to greatest increase in the stresses in the bridge with a fully submerged abutment and side-on (0-degree) debris orientation. The influence of the debris impact with end-on (90-degree) orientation on the structural response was relatively low despite its higher peak pressure values. Furthermore, for the type of flow regimes observed in the field, the results indicate significant local tensile stresses can be generated in the spandrel wall and arch barrel leading to structural damage.
Connecting the Australian AuScope Geochemistry Network into the Global OneGeochemistry Initiative
Creators: name: Wyborn, Lesley
name: Prent, Alexander
name: Klump, Jens
name: Lehnert, Kerstin
name: Klöcking, Marthe
name: Elger, Kirsten
name: ter Maat, Geertje
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: AuScope
OneGeochemistry
geochemical database
FAIR
AuScope Geochemistry Network

description: The AuScope Geochemistry Network (AGN), established in 2019, is an Australian consortium of Earth Science institutes cooperating to develop a national, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) distributed geochemistry data repository. AGN is part of Auscope’s 10 year strategy, which emphasises both national (e.g., the Downward Looking Telescope (DLT)), as well as international initiatives (e.g., United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs)). Hence, AGN cannot operate as an ‘island’: locally built geochemistry infrastructures need to integrate with equivalent initiatives internationally. AGN connects AuScope to the OneGeochemistry initiative, a new collaboration forming around similar globally-distributed research and government infrastructures. OneGeochemistry aims to develop/define the required international standards and best practices to establish a framework to enable global networking of FAIR geochemical databases. Through OneGeochemistry, AGN will be able to act both locally and globally, and simultaneously contribute to the challenges of the Australian DLT and the UN SDGS.
Additional file 5 of The Clean pilot study: evaluation of an environmental hygiene intervention bundle in three Tanzanian hospitals
Creators: name: Gon, Giorgia
name: Abdunoor M. Kabanywanyi
name: Blinkhoff, Petri
name: Cousens, Simon
name: Dancer, Stephanie J.
name: Graham, Wendy J.
name: Hokororo, Joseph
name: Fatuma Manzi
name: Marchant, Tanya
name: Dickson Mkoka
name: Morrison, Emma
name: Mswata, Sarah
name: Oza, Shefali
name: Loveday Penn-Kekana
name: Yovitha Sedekia
name: Virgo, Sandra
name: Woodd, Susannah
name: Aiken, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5 “Tablet façade”. Visual of data collection tool.
Additional file 1 of Astrocyte-derived SerpinA3N promotes neuroinflammation and epileptic seizures by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with temporal lobe epilepsy
Creators: name: Liu, Chong
name: Zhao, Xue-Min
name: Wang, Qiao
name: Du, Ting-Ting
name: Zhang, Mo-Xuan
name: Wang, Hui-Zhi
name: Li, Ren-Peng
name: Liang, Kun
name: Gao, Yuan
name: Zhou, Si-Yu
name: Xue, Tao
name: Zhang, Jian-Guo
name: Han, Chun-Lei
name: Shi, Lin
name: Zhang, Liang-Wen
name: Meng, Fan-Gang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary materials and methods. Additional Figures S1 to S10.
title: Finding Quaternary Seismic Slip Along the Eastern Periadriatic Fault System: Dating Fault Gouges by combined means of Electron Spin Resonance and Optically Stimulated Luminescence
Creators: name: Prince, Erick
name: Tsukamoto, Sumiko
name: Grützner, Christoph
name: Vrabec, Marko
name: Ustaszewski, Kamil
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The Periadriatic Fault System (PAF) is among the largest post-collisional structures of the Alps. Recent studies using GPS velocities suggest that Adria-Europe convergence is still being accommodated in the Eastern Alps. However, according to instrumental and historical seismicity records, earthquake activity is mostly concentrated along structures in the adjacent Southern Alps. This is also the case for the PAF, which except for ambiguous historical events presents little to no earthquake record. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) are ultra-low temperature thermochronometers (closing temperature below 100 °C), with a Quaternary dating range (a few decades up to ~2 Ma). Both have the potential to date shear heating episodes. In this contribution, we present a first approach to narrow down earthquake activity during the Quaternary in the Eastern Alps by combining the application of ESR and OSL. Specifically, we aim to show which segments of the PAF system accommodated seismotectonic deformation by directly dating quartz and feldspar from fault gouges. For ESR, we measure the signals from the Al center in quartz following the single aliquot additive (SAAD) and single aliquot regenerative (SAR) protocols, focusing on the 4-11 µm and 100-150 µm grain size fractions. For OSL, we measure the IR50 and pIRIR225 signals on K-feldspar aliquots of the 100-150 µm grain size fraction. Our ESR results indicate the PAF accommodated seismic slip during the Quaternary with a maximum age ranging from 1-0.5 Ma, and OSL minimum ages of around 0.3 Ma.
Mocoa undetermined
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Sauria
Cicadellidae
Mocoa
Mocoa undetermined

description: * Mocoa sp. ang.
Neu-Brittannia v. F M. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 703, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
MPEC 2023-X219 : 2023 XA10
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XA10

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Alpine and Variscan peak pressures of different rock types from the Adula Nappe (Central Alps) determined by Raman spectroscopy of quartz inclusions in garnet
Creators: name: Brunsmann, Olga
name: Germer, Marisa
name: Pohl, Alexandra
name: Kohn, Victoria
name: Könemann, Vincent
name: Zhong, Xin
name: John, Timm
name: Pleuger, Jan
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The Adula nappe in the Swiss-Italian Central Alps is a continental basement nappe from the former European margin that was subducted to depths indicating (ultra)-high-pressure conditions. Many studies were performed to understand the pressure-temperature-time evolution of the Adula nappe. The Adula nappe underwent eclogite-facies metamorphism during the Variscan and Alpine orogenic cycles but the Variscan and Alpine parageneses are hard to distinguish.

For this study, around fifty samples were collected from different lithologies on a N-S transect through the Adula nappe parallel to the direction of subduction. Raman spectroscopy on quartz inclusions in garnet was used as a geobarometer to measure minimum peak pressures. This method is independent of chemical equilibria and yields reliable pressure constraints even if the high-pressure mineral assemblage has been retrogressed. Variscan and Alpine garnet domains were identified using the Electron Microprobe and Scanning Electron Microscopy.

The Variscan peak pressure was at least 2.3 GPa. For the Alpine metamorphism, the Zr-in-rutile temperatures exhibit a gradient increasing from ca. 500-550 oC in the north to around 700 oC in the south. The minimum peak pressures in the northern and central Adula nappe are 2.1-2.2 GPa for metasediments, 1.4-2.0 GPa for metabasites, and 1.5 GPa for an orthogneiss. Lower pressures of 1.1-1.3 GPa in the southern Adula nappe were potentially caused by viscous relaxation of the quartz inclusions during the high-temperature Lepontine metamorphism.
OneGeochemistry: Enabling a coordinated online global network of multiple distributed geochemical repositories and databases
Creators: name: Lehnert, Kerstin
name: Wyborn, Lesley
name: Hezel, Dominik
name: Prent, Alexander
name: Elger, Kirsten
name: ter Maat, Geertje
name: Klöcking, Marthe
name: Klump, Jens
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: OneGeochemistry
geochemical data standards
geochemical databases
global network
EarthChem
AuScope
EPOS multi-scale laboratories
NFDI4Earth

description: Since the discipline of ‘geochemistry’ was first defined in 1838, geochemical data has been pervasively acquired and used in the Earth, environmental and planetary sciences and become fundamental for understanding past, present, and future processes in natural systems. Initially, geochemical data was published in hard-copy literature, but as analytical systems became computerised, major digital databases emerged (EarthChem, PetDB, OZCHEM and GEOROC) which revolutionised data access. They have proven the power of re-use of geochemical data around thematic, national and global themes, and now enable new Big Data science paradigms in geochemistry. In response to Open Access policies and science demands, even more geochemical database systems are emerging at national, programmatic, and subdomain levels. They are not coordinated: each has different schemas/vocabularies and analyses can be duplicated within them, making global merging of datasets complex. Very little data is FAIR (Wilkinson et al., 2016) and the lack of agreed standards and unique identifiers makes online interoperability time consuming. Following the example of OneGeology, which was developed to increase online accessibility of geological map data, we propose an equivalent global initiative - OneGeochemistry. The vision is to establish a global geochemical data network of distributed repositories that facilitates and promotes discovery/access to geochemical data. Fundamental to OneGeochemistry is coordination and collaboration amongst international geochemical data providers and infrastructures such as the NFDI4Earth, EPOS, AuScope, etc., to create community-agreed standards, controlled vocabularies and protocols for each of the fundamental geochemical and isotopic systems [i.e., inorganic, organic, isotopes (Ar-Ar, U-Pb, Sm-Nd etc.)].
Isotropic three-dimensional gap in the iron-arsenide superconductor LiFeAs from directional heat transport measurements
Creators: name: Tanatar, M. A.
name: Reid, J. -Ph.
name: de Cotret, S. Rene
name: Doiron-Leyraud, N.
name: Laliberte, F.
name: Hassinger, E.
name: Chang, J.
name: Kim, H.
name: Cho, K.
name: Song, Yoo Jang
name: Kwon, Yong Seung
name: Prozorov, R.
name: Taillefer, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal conductivity k of the iron-arsenide superconductor LiFeAs (Tc ~ 18K) was measured in single crystals at temperatures down to T~50mK and in magnetic fields up to H=17T, very close to the upper critical field Hc2~18T. For both directions of the heat current, parallel and perpendicular to the tetragonal c-axis, a negligible residual linear term k/T is found as T ->0, revealing that there are no zero-energy quasiparticles in the superconducting state. The increase in k with magnetic field is the same for both current directions and it follows closely the dependence expected for an isotropic superconducting gap. There is no evidence of multi-band character, whereby the gap would be different on different Fermi-surface sheets. These findings show that the superconducting gap in LiFeAs is isotropic in 3D, without nodes or deep minima anywhere on the Fermi surface. Comparison with other iron-pnictide superconductors suggests that a nodeless isotropic gap is a common feature at optimal doping (maximal Tc).
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 6 of The Clean pilot study: evaluation of an environmental hygiene intervention bundle in three Tanzanian hospitals
Creators: name: Gon, Giorgia
name: Abdunoor M. Kabanywanyi
name: Blinkhoff, Petri
name: Cousens, Simon
name: Dancer, Stephanie J.
name: Graham, Wendy J.
name: Hokororo, Joseph
name: Fatuma Manzi
name: Marchant, Tanya
name: Dickson Mkoka
name: Morrison, Emma
name: Mswata, Sarah
name: Oza, Shefali
name: Loveday Penn-Kekana
name: Yovitha Sedekia
name: Virgo, Sandra
name: Woodd, Susannah
name: Aiken, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6 “Layout”. Example of ward layout for data collection.