cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Line Balancing in the Modern Garment Industry
Creators: name: Kong, Ray Wai Man
name: Ning, Ding
name: Kong, Theodore Ho Tin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article presents applied research on line balancing within the modern garment industry, focusing on the significant impact of intelligent hanger systems and hanger lines on the stitching process, by Lean Methodology for garment modernization. It explores the application of line balancing in the modern garment industry, focusing on the significant impact of intelligent hanger systems and hanger lines on the stitching process. It aligns with Lean Methodology principles for garment modernization. Without the implementation of line balancing technology, the garment manufacturing process using hanger systems cannot improve output rates. The case study demonstrates that implementing intelligent line balancing in a straightforward practical setup facilitates lean practices combined with a digitalization system and automaton. This approach illustrates how to enhance output and reduce accumulated work in progress.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, preprint
Oscillatory Reconnection of a 2D X-point in a hot coronal plasma
Creators: name: Karampelas, Konstantinos
name: McLaughlin, James A.
name: Botha, Gert J. J.
name: Régnier, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillatory reconnection (a relaxation mechanism with periodic changes in connectivity) has been proposed as a potential physical mechanism underpinning several periodic phenomena in the solar atmosphere including, but not limited to, quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs). Despite its importance, however, the mechanism has never been studied within a hot, coronal plasma. We investigate oscillatory reconnection in a one million Kelvin plasma by solving the fully-compressive, resistive MHD equations for a 2D magnetic X-point under coronal conditions using the PLUTO code. We report on the resulting oscillatory reconnection including its periodicity and decay rate. We observe a more complicated oscillating profile for the current density compared to that found for a cold plasma, due to mode-conversion at the equipartition layer. We also consider, for the first time, the effect of adding anisotropic thermal conduction to the oscillatory reconnection mechanism, and we find this simplifies the spectrum of the oscillation profile and increases the decay rate. Crucially, the addition of thermal conduction does not prevent the oscillatory reconnection mechanism from manifesting. Finally, we reveal a relationship between the equilibrium magnetic field strength, decay rate, and period of oscillatory reconnection, which opens the tantalising possibility of utilizing oscillatory reconnection as a seismological tool.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Aerodynamic Centers of Arbitrary Airfoils
Creators: name: Pope, Orrin Dean
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The study of designing stable aircraft has been widespread and ongoing since the early days of Orville and Wilbur Wright and their famous Wright Flyer airplane. All aircraft as they fly through the air are subject to minor changes in the forces acting on them. The field of aircraft stability seeks to understand and predict how aircraft will respond to these changes in forces and to design aircraft such that when these forces change the aircraft remains stable. The mathematical equations used to predict aircraft stability rely on knowledge of the location of the aerodynamic center, the point through which aerodynamic forces act on an aircraft. The aerodynamic center of an aircraft is a function of the aerodynamic centers of each individual wing, and the aerodynamic center of each wing is a function of the aerodynamic centers of the individual airfoils from which the wing is made. The ability to more accurately predict the location of the airfoil aerodynamic center corresponds directly to an increase in the accuracy of aircraft stability calculations.
The Aerolab at Utah State University has develop new analytic mathematical expressions to describe the location of the airfoil aerodynamic center. These new expressions do not suffer from any of the restrictions, or approximations found in traditional methods, and therefore result in more accurate predictions of airfoil aerodynamic centers and by extension, more accurate aircraft stability predictions.
title: Geological Characterization of Precambrian Nonconformities: Implications for Injection-Induced Seismicity in the Midcontinent United States
Creators: name: Cuccio, Laura
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The midcontinent United States, a region which typically does not experience many earthquakes, has experienced a significant increase in the number of earthquakes over the last decade. This increase in earthquake activity has been linked to wastewater injection, a process in which large volumes of wastewater from oil and gas extraction are injected into deep (2-3 km), high-permeability sedimentary rocks, near low-permeability Precambrian (>540-million-year-old) crystalline ‘basement’ rocks. The contact between these two rock types is referred to as the Precambrian nonconformity. Injection-induced earthquakes occur on or near basement-hosted faults due to an increase in pore fluid pressures, which implies that there may be a hydrological connection between the basement-hosted faults and the injection point. We hypothesize that the Precambrian nonconformity greatly influences this hydrological connection.
We investigate the geologic properties of Precambrian nonconformity zone outcrop and core analogs to examine how the geology of the nonconformity zone controls fluid flow. Methods include mapping of geological materials and deformation structures (faults and fractures), mineralogical analysis, and geochemical analysis. These data sets allow us to infer the nature of fluid flow in the past, and make predictions about fluid flow in the future. In addition, this information is used to inform hydrological models, improving the ability to predict earthquakes due to wastewater injection.
We identify three main geological scenarios that are likely to be encountered at the nonconformity. These are: 1) basal conglomerate, 2) weathered/altered horizon, and 3) mineralized contacts. These scenarios, or combinations of these scenarios, may be fractured or faulted, resulting in a variety of hydrological implications. The permeability of basal conglomerates and weathered horizons at the contact depends on the textures and minerals that are present. Regolith, clast-supported granitic wash, or poorly cemented conglomeratic horizons, may act as high permeability conduits, whereas a clay-rich grus or granitic wash, or tightly cemented conglomerate, may act as low permeability barriers. Mineralized contacts may act as low permeability barriers due to a reduction of pore space. The mineralized contact shows that the introduction of warm brines by modern injection may result in mineralization or chemical weathering, dynamically affecting permeability over time depending on the mineralogy of the host rock and chemical composition of the injected brine.
Additional file 5 of Endogenous bacteria inhabiting the Ophiocordyceps highlandensis during fruiting body development
Creators: name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Tang, Dexiang
name: Wang, Yuanbing
name: Fan, Qi
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Cui, Xiaolong
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S5. Density plots of the NSTI values from the function prediction process performed with PICRUSt2 software.
title: Exact Approaches for Bias Detection and Avoidance with Small, Sparse, or Correlated Categorical Data
Creators: name: Schwartz, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Every day, traditional statistical methodology are used world wide to study a variety of topics and provides insight regarding countless subjects. Each technique is based on a distinct set of assumptions to ensure valid results. Additionally, many statistical approaches rely on large sample behavior and may collapse or degenerate in the presence of small, spare, or correlated data. This dissertation details several advancements to detect these conditions, avoid their consequences, and analyze data in a different way to yield trustworthy results.
One of the most commonly used modeling techniques for outcomes with only two possible categorical values (eg. live/die, pass/fail, better/worse, ect.) is logistic regression. While some potential complications with this approach are widely known, many investigators are unaware that their particular data does not meet the foundational assumptions, since they are not easy to verify. We have developed a routine for determining if a researcher should be concerned about potential bias in logistic regression results, so they can take steps to mitigate the bias or use a different procedure altogether to model the data.
Correlated data may arise from common situations such as multi-site medical studies, research on family units, or investigations on student achievement within classrooms. In these circumstance the associations between cluster members must be included in any statistical analysis testing the hypothesis of a connection be-tween two variables in order for results to be valid.
Previously investigators had to choose between using a method intended for small or sparse data while assuming independence between observations or a method that allowed for correlation between observations, while requiring large samples to be reliable. We present a new method that allows for small, clustered samples to be assessed for a relationship between a two-level predictor (eg. treatment/control) and a categorical outcome (eg. low/medium/high).
Zero and First Sound in Normal Fermi Systems
Creators: name: Watabe, Shohei
name: Osawa, Aiko
name: Nikuni, Tetsuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of a moment method, general solutions of a linearized Boltzmann equation for a normal Fermi system are investigated. In particular, we study the sound velocities and damping rates as functions of the temperature and the coupling constant. In the extreme limits of collisionless and hydrodynamic regimes, eigenfrequency of sound mode obtained from the moment equations reproduces the well-known results of zero sound and first sound. In addition, the moment method can describe crossover between those extreme limits at finite temperatures. Solutions of the moment equations also involve a thermal diffusion mode. From solutions of these equations, we discuss excitation spectra corresponding to the particle-hole continuum as well as collective excitations. We also discuss a collective mode in a weak coupling case.
description: 38 pages, 5 figures
title: Landscape Architecture Education: A Study of Patterns
Creators: name: Rice, Tanya
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: This research is focused on analyzing landscape architecture education of accredited bachelor programs in the U.S. The primary intent was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of landscape architecture education and the direction in which it is heading. This was conducted through an evaluation of each landscape architecture program’s course offerings. The objectives were to explore the degree of coherence and dispersion of course requirements among programs, compare similarities and differences and identify current patterns, trends, strengths and emphases of the programs. Then design course descriptions were analyzed for identification of word families and cluster networks to determine the possible connections to other content areas. The benefit of this research is in providing a valuable benchmark and reference for which landscape architecture programs can use in revising and building curricula.
A Puzzle-Based Dataset for Natural Language Inference
Creators: name: Szomiu, Roxana
name: Groza, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide here a dataset for tasks related to natural language understanding and natural language inference. The dataset contains logical puzzles in natural language from three domains: comparing puzzles, knighs and knaves, and zebra puzzles. Each puzzle is associated with the entire set of atomic questions that can be generated based on the relations and individuals occurring in the text. For each question we provide the correct answer: entailment, contradiction or ambiguity. The answer's correctness is verified against theorem provers. Good puzzles have two properties: (i) each piece of information is necessary and (ii) no unnecessary information is provided. These properties make puzzles interesting candidates for machine comprehension tasks.
title: Nitrogen Availability and Use Efficiency in Corn Treated with Contrasting Nitrogen Sources
Creators: name: Kakkar, Avneet
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The plant-soil nitrogen cycle plays a significant role in allocation of available N to plants, and improved understanding of N cycling helps sustainably increase fertilizer use efficiency. There are various processes (nitrogen mineralization and nitrification) involved in the availability and mobility of nitrogen in the soil. The primary objective of this study was to determine the NUE under contrasting nitrogen treatments over a period of five years. Additionally, we examined the effect of different N treatments on N mineralization and nitrification in conventional and organic farming systems.
This project was funded by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant no. 2011-67019-30178 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. We established silage corn field plots in northern Utah, and silage corn was grown using ammonium fertilizers or manure composts over five years. Nitrogen use efficiency was found to be higher in ammonium sulfate fertilizer treatments as compared to compost treated soils. Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates were examined for soils from the silage corn field plots and also for additional soils from certified organic field plots receiving steer compost, steer manure and crop rotations. There was a significant overall nitrogen treatment effect for both conventional and organic rotational plots. Carbon mineralization rates were found to be higher in compost under conventional plots and manure under organic rotational plots as compared to control. There was no significant treatment effect found in gross mineralization and nitrification rates in 2015 and 2016. Gross nitrification rates were found to be the higher in AS200 treatment versus compost and control in 2016.
Improved knowledge of the timing and rates of nitrogen supply is vital for improving NUE and for reducing excessive use of fertilizers while maintaining an acceptable yield. The optimization of fertilizer rates according to crop demand at different stages of growth will be helpful in the efficient management of available N especially for composts and manures.
title: Optimizing Barrier Removal to Restore Connectivity in Utah’s Weber Basin
Creators: name: Kraft, Maggi
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: River barriers, such as dams, culverts and diversions are important for water conveyance, but disrupt river ecosystems and hydrologic processes. River barrier removal is increasingly used to restore and improve river habitat and connectivity. Most past barrier removal projects prioritized individual barriers using score-and-rank techniques, neglecting the spatial structure and cumulative change from multiple barrier removals. Similarly, most water demand models satisfy human water uses or, only prioritize aquatic habitat, failing to include both human and environmental water use benefits. In this study, a dual objective optimization model identified in-stream barriers that impede quality-weighted aquatic habitat connectivity for Bonneville cutthroat trout. Monthly streamflow, stream temperature, channel gradient and geomorphic condition were indicators of aquatic habitat suitability. Solutions to the dual objective problem quantify and graphically present tradeoffs between quality-weighted habitat connectivity and economic water demands. The optimization model is generalizable to other watersheds, but it was applied as a case study in Utah’s Weber Basin to prioritize removal of environmentally-harmful barriers, while maintaining human water uses.
Modeled results suggest tradeoffs between economic costs of removing barriers and quality-weighted habitat gains. Removing 54 in-stream barriers increases quality-weighted habitat by about 160 km and costs approximately $10M, after which point the cost effectiveness of removing barriers to connect river habitat slows. In other words, there is decreasing benefit of removing barriers, so that after removing the first 54 barriers, it costs more to connect more high-quality habitat. Removing reservoirs or diversions that result in large economic losses did not substantially increase habitat. This suggests that removing numerous small barriers results in greater increases in habitat for the same removal costs, without significant water scarcity losses. The set of barriers prioritized for removal varied monthly depending on limiting habitat conditions for Bonneville cutthroat trout. The common barriers removed in the model were identified to communicate the most environmentally harmful barriers to local stakeholders and inform decision-making. Additionally, limiting the budget or number of barrier removal projects resulted in a different set of barriers removed. This research helps prioritize barrier removals and future restoration decisions in the Weber Basin although the model formulation is generalizable to other watersheds. Available data and a simplified approach limit the scope of this model. The modeling approach expands current barrier removal optimization methods by explicitly including economic and environmental water uses.
ECO-spotting: looking for extremely compact objects with bosonic fields
Creators: name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Macedo, Caio F. B.
name: Maeda, Kei-ichi
name: Okawa, Hirotada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes are thought to describe the geometry of massive, dark compact objects in the universe. To further support and quantify this long-held belief requires knowledge of possible, if exotic alternatives. Here, we wish to understand how compact can self-gravitating solutions be. We discuss theories with a well-posed initial value problem, consisting in either a single self-interacting scalar, vector or both. We focus on spherically symmetric solutions, investigating the influence of self-interacting potentials into the compactness of the solutions, in particular those that allow for flat-spacetime solutions. We are able to connect such stars to hairy black hole solutions, which emerge as a zero-mass black hole. We show that such stars can have light rings, but their compactness is never parametrically close to that of black holes. The challenge of finding black hole mimickers to investigate full numerical-relativity binary setups remains open.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in CQG
title: Twentieth Century Channel Change of the Green River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah
Creators: name: Walker, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Since the early 20th century, river channels of the Colorado River basin have narrowed, decreasing available riparian and aquatic habitat. Changes are considered to be the result of three major factors: wide-spread water development, increasing hydroclimate variability and the invasion of non-native tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), altering flow regime and sediment supply. Different studies have reached different conclusions about the relative roles of flow regime, sediment supply and tamarisk in causing narrowing.
I investigated channel change in the lower Green River within Canyonlands National Park to describe channel changes in the 20th century and understand the roles of shifting flow regime and changing vegetation communities on 20th century channel narrowing.
The lower Green River within Canyonlands National Park has narrowed substantially since the late 1800s, resulting in narrower channel. Changes to flood magnitude, rate and timing since 1900, driven by increased water storage and diversion in the Green River basin and declines in annual precipitation, was responsible for inset floodplain formation documented in this study.
I used multiple datasets to reconstruct the history of channel narrowing in the lower Green River and identify processes of floodplain formation. In the field, analyses of a floodplain trench were described to identify rate, timing and magnitude of floodplain formation. Channel and floodplain surveys were conducted to determine possible changes in bed elevation. Additionally, I analyzed existing aerial imagery, hydrologic data, and sediment transport data. I applied these techniques to determine how floodplain formation occurred at multiple spatial and temporal scales.
My investigation shows that the floodplains of the contemporary lower Green River began forming in the late 1930s and continued to form in the 20th century by inset floodplain formation. During this time period, peak flow and total runoff declined due to climatic changes and human water development. Since the mid-1980s, inset floodplains continued to develop along the lower Green River since the mid-1980s, narrowing the river by an additional 9.4%. Analysis of aerial imagery shows that changes to the floodplain identified in the trench occurred throughout the 61 km of river I studied. Non-native tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) did not drive channel narrowing, though dense stands stabilized banks and likely promoted sediment deposition. Inset floodplain formation reflects changes to flooding resulting from water development and climate change.
My findings have implications for the long-term management of the lower Green River and endangered endemic native fishes –particularly the Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) and the razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus). Collaboration with upstream stakeholders and managers is necessary to preserve elements of the flow regime that preserve channel width and limit channel narrowing.
title: Genetic differentiation of two species of buckwheat (Eriogonum)
Creators: name: Lemon, Jenessa Blotter
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Limestone mining in the San Franicso Mountain Range of west central Utah threatens the survival of a rare endemic species of buckwheat (Eriogonum soredium). This species is an edaphic endemic, only found growing on the outcrops of the Ordovician limestone mines in the area. Eriogonum soredium is a candidate for governmental protection under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). However, a common, widespread buckwheat (Eriogonum shockleyi) appears to be closely related to the narrow endemic. The genetic relatedness of the rare and and common species will greatly influence the decision of United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFW)of whether or not to list the rare species for governmental protection. This study investiaged the amount of genetic divergence between the two species to facilitate the decision. I found levels of population divergence intermediate between a state of no genetic distinction, and complete genetic divergence. However, the two species fall near the genetic divergence end of the continuum. This situation is not uncommon in plants, and suggests that the two species are currently in the process of speciation. Considering their morphological differences, and the ability of the genus Eriogonum to hybridize, these two species show significant amounts of divergence. These results suggest that the continued treatment of E. soredium as distinct from E. shcokelyi is warranted. The USFW will use the results of this study to aid their decision of whether or not to list E. soredium under the ESA. Should the species be listed for protection under the ESA, limitations to the expansion of limestone mining in the San Francisco Mountain Range will be considered.
Additional file 1 of Endogenous bacteria inhabiting the Ophiocordyceps highlandensis during fruiting body development
Creators: name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Tang, Dexiang
name: Wang, Yuanbing
name: Fan, Qi
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Cui, Xiaolong
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Abiotic environmental variation in the O. highlandensis habitats featured in this study. The TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), TK (total potassium), TC (total carbon), DOC (dissolved organic carbon), C/N (carbon-nitrogen ratio), humidity (%), and pH of each sampling site are shown.
The Importance of Being Interpretable: Toward An Understandable Machine Learning Encoder for Galaxy Cluster Cosmology
Creators: name: Ntampaka, Michelle
name: Vikhlinin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a deep machine learning (ML) approach to constraining cosmological parameters with multi-wavelength observations of galaxy clusters. The ML approach has two components: an encoder that builds a compressed representation of each galaxy cluster and a flexible CNN to estimate the cosmological model from a cluster sample. It is trained and tested on simulated cluster catalogs built from the Magneticum simulations. From the simulated catalogs, the ML method estimates the amplitude of matter fluctuations, sigma_8, at approximately the expected theoretical limit. More importantly, the deep ML approach can be interpreted. We lay out three schemes for interpreting the ML technique: a leave-one-out method for assessing cluster importance, an average saliency for evaluating feature importance, and correlations in the terse layer for understanding whether an ML technique can be safely applied to observational data. These interpretation schemes led to the discovery of a previously unknown self-calibration mode for flux- and volume-limited cluster surveys. We describe this new mode, which uses the amplitude and peak of the cluster mass PDF as anchors for mass calibration. We introduce the term "overspecialized" to describe a common pitfall in astronomical applications of machine learning in which the ML method learns simulation-specific details, and we show how a carefully constructed architecture can be used to check for this source of systematic error.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 8 of Endogenous bacteria inhabiting the Ophiocordyceps highlandensis during fruiting body development
Creators: name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Tang, Dexiang
name: Wang, Yuanbing
name: Fan, Qi
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Cui, Xiaolong
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Table S5. Pairwise comparisons of the Shannon index and Evenness parameter among the bacterial groups inhabiting the soil microhabitat. The bold values represent statistically significant results. Table S6. Pairwise comparisons of the Shannon index and evenness parameter among the fungal groups inhabiting the fruiting body. The bold values indicate statistically significant results. Table S7. Pairwise comparisons of the Shannon index and Evenness parameter among the fungal groups inhabiting the soil microhabitat. The bold values represent statistically significant results.
Estimates of unresolved point sources contribution to WMAP 5
Creators: name: Colombo, Loris P. L.
name: Pierpaoli, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an alternative estimate of the unresolved point source contribution to the WMAP temperature power spectrum based on current knowledge of sources from radio surveys in the 1.4-90 GHz range. We implement a stochastic extrapolation of radio point sources in the NRAO-VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) catalog, from the original 1.4 GHz to the ~ 100 GHz frequency range relevant for CMB experiments. With a bootstrap approach, we generate an ensemble of realizations that provides the probability distribution for the flux of each NVSS source at the final frequency. The predicted source counts agree with WMAP results for S > 1 Jy and the corresponding sky maps correlate with WMAP observed maps in Q-, V- and W- bands, for sources with flux S > 0.2 Jy. The low-frequency radio surveys found a steeper frequency dependence for sources just below the WMAP nominal threshold than the one estimated by the WMAP team. This feature is present in our simulations and translates into a shift of 0.3-0.4 σin the estimated value of the tilt of the power spectrum of scalar perturbation, n_s, as well as ω_c. This approach demonstrates the use of external point sources datasets for CMB data analysis.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, to be published on MNRAS
Quadratic curvature corrections to stringy effective actions and the absence of de Sitter vacua
Creators: name: Cunillera, Francesc
name: Emond, William T.
name: Lehébel, Antoine
name: Padilla, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the combined effect of fluxes and higher-order curvature corrections, in the form of the Gauss-Bonnet term, on the existence of de Sitter vacua in a heterotic string inspired framework, compactified on spheres and tori. We first gain some intuition on the effects of these corrections by studying a perturbative expansion in the small Gauss-Bonnet coupling. Then, for choices of potential closer to the string theory predictions, we show that the inclusion of quadratic curvature corrections actually reduces the parametric likelihood of de Sitter solutions.
description: 18 pages, formatted using JHEP style package
title: Toxicity and Mitochondrial Delivery of Flavonol-Based Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules
Creators: name: Esquer Heredia, Hector Jose
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Despite the reputation of carbon monoxide (CO) as a silent killer, new evidence suggests that this gaseous molecule has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and vasoprotective properties. Unfortunately, little is known about the role of CO in the body. However, proteins present in mitochondria are believed to be important targets. We previously synthesized a class of novel and structurally modifiable flavonol-based CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). Flavonols are commonly found in fruits and vegetables. The base structure, Flav-1, is fluorescent, exhibits low toxicity, and releases CO after exposure to visible light. Previous reports indicate that addition of a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) tail allows chemical structures to enter mitochondria. We hypothesized that addition of a TPP tail of two or eight carbons in length to Flav-1 (Mito-Flav-C2 or -C8) would facilitate targeting of mitochondria, and thus, localized light-induced CO release. Toxicity of these TPP-tailed molecules was determined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lung epithelial carcinoma cells (A549), using standard cell viability assays. Evaluation of toxicity using the MTT assay revealed lower toxicity of Flav-1 in HUVECs compared to A549 cells, but addition of the TPP tails increased toxicity in both cell lines. However, unlike the MTT assay, Flav-1 with and without tails had similar toxicity when measured in HUVECs by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Photo-degradation experiments were performed by exposing cells until their light emission was undetectable by using lasers in the near-UV and within the visible light spectrum. Localization of the compounds was observed using a confocal microscope by co-staining with MitoTracker Red (MTR) and Hoechst to visualize the mitochondria and nucleus, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy images of cells treated with Mito-Flav-C2 or -C8 revealed an increase in uptake, compared to Flav-1, plus co-localization with MTR, which suggests mitochondrial localization. A549 cells exposed to laser light or a full spectrum of light lost all fluorescence of Mito-Flav-C2, which indicates CO release. This work highlights the successful synthesis of the first mitochondria targeting CORMs, and that CO release is achievable using different light sources. Moreover, these TPP-tailed CORMs will allow for controlled and localized release of CO to further study its physiological targets.
Does inequality harm democracy? An empirical investigation
on the UK
Creators: name: Soci, Anna
name: Maccagnan, Anna
name: Mantovani, Daniela
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper presents an empirical investigation about the effect of an increase in economic inequality on some aspects of the quality of a democracy. The main novelty of the paper lies in its methodology: it applies to a single country (instead of a pool of countries) - the UK - in a long run perspective. Using survey data, we select three questions and check whether an increase in inequality alters the answers to these questions, subject to other control variables. Another novelty is the use of several measures of inequality (rather than the usual GINI only) both for disentangling what happens in the different parts of the income distribution and for avoiding the dependence of the results on the choice of the indicator. The main finding is that a higher level of income inequality impacts negatively on citizens’ satisfaction with democracy and positively on their political participation.
Self-Consistent-Field Method and $τ$-Functional Method on Group Manifold in Soliton Theory: a Review and New Results
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Seiya
name: da Providencia, Joao
name: Providencia, Constanca
name: Cordeiro, Flavio
name: Komatsu, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maximally-decoupled method has been considered as a theory to apply an basic idea of an integrability condition to certain multiple parametrized symmetries. The method is regarded as a mathematical tool to describe a symmetry of a collective submanifold in which a canonicity condition makes the collective variables to be an orthogonal coordinate-system. For this aim we adopt a concept of curvature unfamiliar in the conventional time-dependent (TD) self-consistent field (SCF) theory. Our basic idea lies in the introduction of a sort of Lagrange manner familiar to fluid dynamics to describe a collective coordinate-system. This manner enables us to take a one-form which is linearly composed of a TD SCF Hamiltonian and infinitesimal generators induced by collective variable differentials of a canonical transformation on a group. The integrability condition of the system read the curvature C=0. Our method is constructed manifesting itself the structure of the group under consideration. >...
Additional file 11 of Endogenous bacteria inhabiting the Ophiocordyceps highlandensis during fruiting body development
Creators: name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Tang, Dexiang
name: Wang, Yuanbing
name: Fan, Qi
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Cui, Xiaolong
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 11: Table S13. Distribution of the distinct bacterial functions during O. highlandensis maturation.
Mechanistic studies of the decomposition of 1-pyrazolines
Creators: name: Szilagyi, Sandor
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A series of pyrazolines having a carbomethoxy group on C-3 and a bridge (number of the carbon atoms = 3, 4, 5) connecting C-3 and C-4 was synthesized and studied. l-Carbomethoxy-2,3-diazabicyclo (3.3.0)oct-2-ene-5d₁ was also prepared and the overall deuterium kinetic isotope effect determined. The calculations concerning the specific deuterium kinetic isotope effects for the different processes involved in the thermolysis led to values similar to those obtained from other experiments with the exception of that for cyclopropane formation which was found to have a "inverse" isotope effect (kH/kD = 0.71). 3-tert-Butyl-3-carbomethoxy-1-pyrazoline was synthesized and its thermal and photo decomposition studied. The effect of the size of the ester group on product distribution was also examined by undertaking a product study on 3-methyl-3-carbethoxy-1-pyrazoline and 3-methyl-3-carbo-tert-butoxy-1-pyrazoline. cis- and trans-3-Methyl-3-carbomethoxy-l-pyrazoline-4d₁ and trans-3-methyl-carbethoxy-1-pyrazoline-4d₁ were prepared. Kinetic studies were done on the trans isomers and the specific deuterium kinetic isotope effects were calculated from the measured overall kinetic isotope effects. The n.m.r. studies of 1-methyl-l-carbomethoxy-cyclopropane-2d₁ obtained by both the thermal and sensitized photo-decomposition of cis- and trans-3-methyl-3-carbomethoxy-l-pyrazoline-4d₁ revealed that each of the samples isolated (collected from the gas chromatograph) from the four decomposition products contained equal amounts of cis- and trans-1-methyl-1-carbomethoxycyclopropane- 2- d₁. Especially these results, but also the thermal and photo-decomposition of cis- and trans-3-methyl-4-tert-butyl-3-carbomethoxy-l-pyrazolines, suggested that the cyclopropane formation occurred via a diradical intermediate in which the free rotation about the carbon-carbon bond would be reduced or prevented by bulky substituents. The formation of deuterated β,ƴ -olefinic esters and ethyl and methyl angelate-4d₁ as well as ethyl and methyl tiglate-3d₁ from the trans-isomers corroborated McGreer's suggestion for stereospecific olefin formation. Kinetic and product studies done on a series of cis- and trans- 3- methyl-4-alkyl-3-carbomethoxy-l-pyrazolines (alkyl = isopropyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl) provided additional proof for stereospecific olefin formation and also substantiated the idea of restricted or prevented rotation about the carbon-carbon bond in the 1,3-diradical intermediate. Since both cis- and trans-3-methyl-4-tert-butyl-3-carbomethoxy-l-pyrazolines gave only cyclopropane product upon thermolyses in contrast to most pyrazolines it became possible to undertake a direct measurement of the secondary g deuterium kinetic isotope effect for cyclopropan formation.
title: Fuel Performance Modeling of Reactivity-Initiated Accidents Using the BISON Code
Creators: name: Folsom, Charles Pearson
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accidents in 2011 sparked considerable interest in the U.S. to develop new nuclear fuel with enhanced accident tolerance. Throughout the development of these new fuel concepts they will be extensively modeled using specialized computer codes and experimentally tested for a variety of different postulated accident scenarios. One accident scenario of interest, reactivity-initiated accident, is a nuclear reactor event involving a sudden increase in fission rate that causes a rapid increase in reactor power and temperature of the fuel which can lead to the failure of the fuel rods and are lease of radioactive material. The focus of this work will be on the fuel performance modeling of reactivity-initiated accidents using the BISON code being developed at Idaho National Laboratory. The overall goal of this work is to provide the best possible modeling predictions for future experimental tests. Accurate predictive capability modeling using BISON is important for safe operation of these tests and provides a cheaper alternative to the expensive experiments.
Predicting the water content of interstellar objects from galactic star formation histories
Creators: name: Lintott, Chris
name: Bannister, Michele T.
name: Mackereth, J. Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planetesimals inevitably bear the signatures of their natal environment, preserving in their composition a record of the metallicity of their system's original gas and dust, albeit one altered by the formation process. When planetesimals are dispersed from their system of origin, this record is carried with them. As each star is likely to contribute at least $10^{12}$ interstellar objects, the Galaxy's drifting population of interstellar objects (ISOs) provides an overview of the properties of its stellar population through time. Using the EAGLE cosmological simulation and models of protoplanetary formation, our modelling predicts an ISO population with a bimodal distribution in their water mass fraction. Objects formed in low-metallicity, typically older, systems have a higher water fraction than their counterparts formed in high-metallicity protoplanetary disks, and these water-rich objects comprise the majority of the population. Both detected ISOs seem to belong to the lower water fraction population; these results suggest they come from recently formed systems. We show that the population of ISOs in galaxies with different star formation histories will have different proportions of objects with high and low water fractions. This work suggests that it is possible that the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time will detect a large enough population of ISOs to place useful constraints on models of protoplanetary disks, as well as galactic structure and evolution.
description: Accepted by ApJ Letters, 9 pages
Additional file 7 of Endogenous bacteria inhabiting the Ophiocordyceps highlandensis during fruiting body development
Creators: name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Tang, Dexiang
name: Wang, Yuanbing
name: Fan, Qi
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Cui, Xiaolong
name: Yu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S1. Summary of the sequences and richness and diversity indexes of the bacteria in the fruiting bodies. Table S2. Summary of the sequences and richness and diversity indexes of the bacteria in the soil microhabitat. Table S3. Summary of the sequences and richness and diversity indexes of the fungi in the fruiting bodies. Table S4. Summary of the sequences and richness and diversity indexes the fungi in the soil microhabitat.
The flat space S-matrix from the AdS/CFT correspondence?
Creators: name: Gary, Michael
name: Giddings, Steven B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate recovery of the bulk S-matrix from the AdS/CFT correspondence, at large radius. It was recently argued that some of the elements of the S-matrix might be read from CFT correlators, given a particular singularity structure of the latter, but leaving the question of more general S-matrix elements. Since in AdS/CFT, data must be specified on the boundary, we find certain limitations on the corresponding bulk wavepackets and on their localization properties. In particular, those we have found that approximately localize have low-energy tails, and corresponding power-law tails in position space. When their scattering is compared to that of "sharper" wavepackets typically used in scattering theory, one finds apparently significant differences, suggesting a possible lack of resolution via these wavepackets. We also give arguments that construction of the sharper wavepackets may require non-perturbative control of the boundary theory, and particular of the N^2 matrix degrees of freedom. These observations thus raise interesting questions about what principle would guarantee the appropriate control, and about how a boundary CFT can accurately approximate the flat space S-matrix.
description: 26 pages. v2: typos fixed v3: minor improvements in discussion
title: Extracting and Visualizing Data from Mobile and Static Eye Trackers in R and Matlab
Creators: name: Li, Chunyang
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Eye tracking is the process of measuring where people are looking at with an eye tracker device. Eye tracking has been used in many scientific fields, such as education, usability research, sports, psychology, and marketing. Eye tracking data are often obtained from a static eye tracker or are manually extracted from a mobile eye tracker. Visualization usually plays an important role in the analysis of eye tracking data. So far, there existed no software package that contains a whole collection of eye tracking data processing and visualization tools. In this dissertation, we review the eye tracking technology, the eye tracking techniques, the existing software related to eye tracking, and the research on eye tracking for posters and related media. We then discuss the three main goals we have achieved in this dissertation: (i) development of a Matlab toolbox for automatically extracting mobile eye tracking data; (ii) development of the linked microposter plots family as new means for the visualization of eye tracking data; (iii) development of an R package for automatically extracting and visualizing data from mobile and static eye trackers.
title: Managing for Multiple Objectives in Southwestern Forests: Evaluating the Trade-offs between Enhancing Mexican Spotted Owl Nest Habitat and Mitigating Potential Crown Fire
Creators: name: Deane McKenna, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2018

description: The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA), the United States’ forest census, measured sixty-six Mexican spotted owl nest stands in order gain insight into the structure and composition of the nest habitat of this threatened species. I used these data, along with the greater FIA database and the Forest Vegetation Simulator to explore questions surrounding the management of Mexican spotted owl habitat, specifically how to balance the objective of sustaining and enhancing nest habitat in face of increasing forest fire size and severity in the Southwest. My research consisted of three studies. The first study quantified the structure and composition of the Mexican spotted owl nest stands and scrutinized current evaluation criteria of nest habitat. The second study estimated how much of the Southwestern landscape is at risk to high-severity crown fire and how much of the landscape is suitable Mexican spotted owl nest habitat. The third study modeled forest dynamics and silvicultural intervention in potential Mexican spotted owl nest stands. The purpose of this research is to assist in management of Southwestern forests in order to decrease fire size and severity while sustaining and enhancing current and future Mexican spotted owl nest habitat.