cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sensibilisiert für Sensibilität: Schule aus der Perspektive hochsensibler Kinder
Creators: name: Fleischmann, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Hochsensibilität
Erleben von Schule
Kinder

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Forschungsfrage, wie hochsensible Kinder Schule erleben. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, wurden qualitative Einzelinterviews mit hochsensiblen Primarschulkindern geführt. Die Auswertung der Interviews er-folgte mit einem inhaltsanalytischen Verfahren. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass Schule aus Sicht der befragten Kinder ein Ort dar-stellt, der mit vielen Herausforderungen verbunden wird. Im Umgang mit diesen Herausforderungen verfügen die befragten Kinder über unterschiedliche Strategien. Diese zeigen in bestimmten Situationen jedoch nicht die erhoffte Wirkung, was physiologische Reaktionen auslösen kann, die als unangenehm erlebt werden. Weiterhin wurden die Kinder im Gespräch nach Präferenzen in Bezug auf die Stundentafel sowie nach ihrer bevorzugten Sozialform befragt. Hier zeigten die Ergebnisse übereinstimmend, ein Faible für Bewegung und eine Vorliebe für die Sozialform Partnerarbeit. Zum Arbeiten wünschen sich die hoch-sensiblen Kinder einen guten Banknachbar, eine gute Sicht auf die Leinwand, Abstand zum Pult der Lehrpersonen sowie möglichst wenig Ablenkung in Form von visuellen und akustischen Reizen. Innerhalb der beleuchteten Aspekte von Schule waren viele Kernaussagen der hochsensiblen Kinder deckungsgleich. Werden die Kernaussagen jedoch auf der Ebene der einzelnen Kinder betrachtet, zeigt sich, dass ihr Erleben von Schule in hohem Masse individuell ist. Aus den Ergebnissen konnten Handlungspotenziale für Lehrpersonen abgeleitet werden, die darauf abzielen, das Wohlbefinden hochsensibler Kinder in der Schule zu steigern. Aufgrund der vielen Gesichter von Sensibilität ist davon auszugehen, dass allfällige Anpassungen dann die grösste Wirkung erzielen, wenn sie auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse einzelner Kinder abgestimmt werden. Dies setzt auf Seiten der Lehrperson Kenntnisse über die Temperamentsmerkmale ihrer Kinder sowie über deren Auswirkungen voraus.
Lessons Learnt on Infectious Bronchitis Virus Lineage GI-23
Creators: name: Finger, Avner
name: Ashash, Udi
name: Goldenberg, Dana
name: Raviv, Ziv
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the first Coronavirus discovered in the world in the early 1930s and despite decades of extensive immunoprophylaxis efforts, it remains a major health concern to poultry producers worldwide. Rapid evolution due to large poultry population sizes coupled with high mutation and recombination events and the reliance of the antiviral immune response on specific antibodies against the epitopes of the S1 glycoprotein, render the control of IBV extremely challenging. The numerous and rapidly evolving genetic and antigenic IBV types are currently classified based on the whole S1 gene sequence, into 36 lineages clustered in 8 genotypes. Most lineages (29) are grouped in Genotype I (GI). “Variant 2” (Israel/Variant 2/1998) is the prototype strain of lineage GI-23 and since this lineage emergence during the mid-1990s in the Middle East, it has evolved into numerous genetically related strains and disseminated to 5 continents. The hallmarks of IBV Variant 2-like strain infections are high virulence and remarkable nephrotropism and nephropathogenicity, however the molecular mechanisms of these traits remain to be elucidated. Limited protection from previously utilized vaccine strains and accumulated losses to poultry producers have urged the development and implementation of homologous Variant 2-like vaccine strains. The latest Avian Coronavirus biology with specific emphasis on the cumulative knowledge about IBV “Variant 2” and related strains’ emergence, characteristics and control are reviewed.
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample: III. Properties of the Neutral ISM from GBT and VLA Observations
Creators: name: Pardy, Stephen A.
name: Cannon, John M.
name: Östlin, Göran
name: Hayes, Matthew
name: Rivera-Thorsen, Thøger
name: Sandberg, Andreas
name: Adamo, Angela
name: Freeland, Emily
name: Herenz, E. Christian
name: Guaita, Lucia
name: Kunth, Daniel
name: Laursen, Peter
name: Mas-Hesse, J. M.
name: Melinder, Jens
name: Orlitová, Ivana
name: Otí-Floranes, Héctor
name: Puschnig, Johannes
name: Schaerer, Daniel
name: Verhamme, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new H I imaging and spectroscopy of the 14 UV-selected star-forming galaxies in the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample (LARS), aimed for a detailed study of the processes governing the production, propagation, and escape of Ly$α$ photons. New H I spectroscopy, obtained with the 100m Green Bank Telescope (GBT), robustly detects the H I spectral line in 11 of the 14 observed LARS galaxies (although the profiles of two of the galaxies are likely confused by other sources within the GBT beam); the three highest redshift galaxies are not detected at our current sensitivity limits. The GBT profiles are used to derive fundamental H I line properties of the LARS galaxies. We also present new pilot H I spectral line imaging of 5 of the LARS galaxies obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). This imaging localizes the H I gas and provides a measurement of the total H I mass in each galaxy. In one system, LARS 03 (UGC 8335 or Arp 238), VLA observations reveal an enormous tidal structure that extends over 160 kpc from the main interacting systems and that contains $>$10$^9$ M$_{\odot}$ of H I. We compare various H I properties with global Ly$α$ quantities derived from HST measurements. The measurements of the Ly$α$ escape fraction are coupled with the new direct measurements of H I mass and significantly disturbed H I velocities. Our robustly detected sample reveals that both total H I mass and linewidth are tentatively correlated with key Ly$α$ tracers. Further, on global scales, these data support a complex coupling between Ly$α$ propagation and the H I properties of the surrounding medium.
description: Preprint form, 16 figures, accepted in ApJ
Ongoing HIV Transmission and the HIV Care Continuum in North Carolina
Creators: name: Miller, William C.
name: Mobley, Victoria L.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Swanstrom, Ronald
name: Cope, Anna B.
name: Kincer, Laura P.
name: Ping, Li-Hua
name: Foust, Evelyn
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Anderson, Jeffrey A.
name: Kuruc, JoAnn D.
name: Leone, Peter A.
name: Gay, Cynthia L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: HIV transmission is influenced by status awareness and receipt of care and treatment. We analyzed these attributes of named partners of persons with acute HIV infection (index AHI cases) to characterize the transmission landscape in North Carolina (NC).
Fuirst et al. Revision 2 Supplemental Material.docx from Early-life sibling conflict in Canada jays has lifetime fitness consequences
Creators: name: Fuirst, Matthew
name: Strickland, Dan
name: Freeman, Nikole E.
name: Sutton, Alex O.
name: Ryan Norris, D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: While delaying natal dispersal can provide short-term benefits for juveniles, lifetime fitness consequences are rarely assessed. Furthermore, competition for limited positions on a natal territory could impose an indirect fitness cost on the winner if the outcome has negative effects on its siblings. We use radio-tracking and 58 years of nesting data in Ontario, Canada to examine the lifetime fitness consequences of sibling expulsion in the Canada jay (Perisoreus canadensis). Six weeks after fledging, intra-brood dominance struggles result in one ‘Dominant Juvenile’ (DJ) remaining on the natal territory after expelling its subordinate siblings (Ejectees (EJs)). Despite an older age-at-first-reproduction, DJs produced more recruits over their lifetime and had higher first-year survival than EJs, leading to substantially higher direct fitness. Even though DJs incurred an indirect fitness cost by expelling their siblings and there was no evidence that their presence on the natal territory increased their parents' reproductive output the following year, they still had substantially higher inclusive fitness than EJs. Our results demonstrate how early-life sibling conflict can have lifetime consequences and that such fitness differences in Canada jays are driven by the enhanced first-year survival of DJs pursuant to the early-summer expulsion of their sibling competitors.
Oxidized LDL and Fructosamine Associated with Severity of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Insulin Resistant Pigs Fed a High Fat/High NaCl Diet
Creators: name: Clemmons, David R.
name: Nichols, Timothy C.
name: Yu, Jing
name: Bellinger, Dwight A.
name: Lam, Diana
name: Merricks, Elizabeth P.
name: Raymer, Robin A.
name: Koch, Gary G.
name: Busby, Walker H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundInsulin-resistant subjects develop more severe and diffuse coronary artery atherosclerosis than insulin-sensitive controls but the mechanisms that mediate this atherosclerosis phenotype are unknown.Research ObjectiveTo determine the metabolic parameters that associate with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in insulin resistant pigs fed a high fat/high NaCl diet.Key MethodsThe primary endpoint was severity of coronary atherosclerosis in adult pigs (Sus scrofa, n = 37) fed a high fat diet that also contained high NaCl (56% above recommended levels) for 1 year.Principal FindingsTwenty pigs developed severe and diffuse distal coronary artery atherosclerosis (i.e., severe = intimal area as a percent medial area > 200% in at least 2 coronary artery cross sections and diffuse distal = intimal area as a percent medial area ≥ 150% over 3 sections separated by 2 cm in the distal half of the coronary artery). The other 17 pigs had substantially less coronary artery atherosclerosis. All 37 pigs had blood pressure in a range that would be considered hypertensive in humans and developed elevations in total and LDL and HDL cholesterol, weight gain, increased backfat, and increased insulin resistance (Bergman Si) without overt diabetes. Insulin resistance was not associated with atherosclerosis severity. Five additional pigs fed regular pig chow also developed increased insulin resistance but essentially no change in the other variables and little to no detectible coronary atherosclerosis. Most importantly, the 20 high fat/high NaCl diet -fed pigs with severe and diffuse distal coronary artery atherosclerosis had substantially greater increases (p< 0.05) in oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and fructosamine consistent with increased protein glycation.ConclusionIn pigs fed a high fat/high NaCl diet, glycated proteins are induced in the absence of overt diabetes and this degree of increase is associated with the development of severe and diffuse distal coronary artery atherosclerosis.
The (Un)usual Suspects – Studying Reasons for Lacking Updates in WordPress
Creators: name: Hellenthal, Maria
name: Gotsche, Lena
name: Mrowczynski, Rafael
name: Kugel, Sarah
name: Schilling, Michael
name: Stock, Ben
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: The widespread use of Content Management Systems (CMS) like WordPress has made these systems attractive targets for adversaries, with the vulnerabilities in the code posing serious risks to website visitors, hosters, operators, and the wider online public. Despite being the most effective way to reduce these risks, more than half of all CMS installations lack the latest security patches. Researchers have tried to notify website operators about vulnerabilities using vulnerability notifications, which often exhibit limited impact. In this paper, we use a qualitative inductive approach to investigate the reasons why website owners do not update their CMS. To gain a holistic view on lacking update behavior, we interviewed website owners with outdated WordPress-based systems as well as individuals involved in website creation and hosting. On the one hand, we could confirm issues known from other ecosystems, such as lack of risk awareness, perceived risks of updates, and update costs, as factors for lacking CMS updates. More importantly, though, we identified previously unaccounted factors: (1) the subjective value of a website to its owner and (2) the delegation of website operations, which influence updating behavior far more decisively. Furthermore, we showed that website owners perceive a potential compromise of their CMS only as a risk to themselves and not as a threat to the wider online community. These findings may partly explain the limited success of previous efforts to notify operators about vulnerabilities in their systems. Our study not only offers valuable insights for future research, testing the effectiveness of vulnerability notifications and studying updating behavior in general, but it also offers practical suggestions on how to reduce the number of outdated systems on the web.
Mutilla unimaculata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1860
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Mutilla
Mutilla unimaculata

description: 1. Mutilla unimaculata, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. iii. p. 138 ♀. The male has the head and abdomen black and shining; the thorax biood-red; the inner margin of the eyes notched; the vertex strongly punctate-striate. The thorax strongly punctured; the metathorax with larger and more distant punctures; the tegulae red; the wings fuscohyaline. Abdomen rather distantly punctured; the apical margin of the second and third segments thickly fringed with white pubescence; the following segments fringed with black. Hab. Makassar. The sexes of this species were taken in coitu.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1860, Descriptions of new species of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at Celebes. (Part Formicidae), pp. 57-93 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 5 on page 75
Participation of Children with Disabilities in Taiwan: The Gap between Independence and Frequency
Creators: name: Chi, Wen-Chou
name: Liou, Tsan-Hon
name: Kang, Lin-Ju
name: Liao, Hua-Fang
name: Simeonsson, Rune J.
name: Lollar, Donald J.
name: Teng, Sue-Wen
name: Wu, Ting-Fang
name: Yen, Chia-Feng
name: Chiu, Wen-Ta
name: Hwang, Ai-Wen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundIndependence and frequency are two distinct dimensions of participation in daily life. The gap between independence and frequency may reflect the role of the environment on participation, but this distinction has not been fully explored.MethodsA total of 18,119 parents or primary caregivers of children with disabilities aged 6.0-17.9 years were interviewed in a cross-sectional nationwide survey with the Functioning Scale of the Disability Evaluation System - Child version (FUNDES-Child). A section consisting of 20 items measured the children’s daily participation in 4 environmental settings: home, neighborhood/community, school, and home/community. Higher independence and frequency restriction scores indicated greater limitation of participation in daily activities. Scores for independence, frequency and independence-frequency gaps were examined across ages along with trend analysis. ANOVA was used to compare the gaps across settings and diagnoses for children with mild levels of severity of impairment.FindingsA negative independence-frequency gap (restriction of frequency was greater than that of independence) was found for children with mild to severe levels of impairment. A positive gap (restriction of independence was greater than that of frequency) was found for children with profound levels of severity. The gaps became wider with age in most settings of children with mild impairment and different diagnoses. Widest negative gaps were found for the neighborhood/community settings than for the other three settings for children with mild to severe impairment.ConclusionsChildren’s participation and independence-frequency gaps depend not only on the severity of their impairments or diagnoses, but also on their age, the setting and the support provided by their environment. In Taiwan, more frequency restrictions than ability restrictions were found for children with mild to moderate severity, especially in the neighborhood/community setting, and increased with age. Further identification of environmental opportunities that positively impact frequency of participation is needed.
Enabling Uncooperative Physical Localization in Cellular Networks
Creators: name: Oh, Taekkyung
name: Bae, Sangwook
name: Ahn, Junho
name: Lee, Yonghwa
name: Hoang, Dinh-Tuan
name: Kang, Min Suk
name: Tippenhauer, Nils Ole
name: Kim, Yongdae
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: In cellular networks, authorities may need to physically locate user devices to track criminals or illegal equipment.
This process involves authorized agents tracing devices by
monitoring uplink signals with cellular operator assistance.
However, tracking uncooperative uplink signal sources remains challenging, even for operators and authorities. Three
key challenges persist for fine-grained localization: i) devices
must generate sufficient, consistent uplink traffic over time,
ii) target devices may transmit uplink signals at very low
power, and iii) signals from cellular repeaters may hinder
localization of the target device. While these challenges pose
significant practical obstacles to localization, they have been
largely overlooked in existing research.
This work examines the impact of these real-world challenges on cellular localization and introduces the Uncooperative Multiangulation Attack (UMA) to address them. UMA can
1) force a target device to transmit traffic continuously, 2)
boost the target’s signal strength to maximum levels, and 3)
uniquely differentiate between signals from the target and
repeaters. Importantly, UMA operates without requiring privileged access to cellular operators or user devices, making
it applicable to any LTE network. Our evaluations demonstrate that UMA effectively overcomes practical challenges in
physical localization when devices are uncooperative.
Sydel Silverman: A New Virtual Finding Aid for a Scholar Committed to Anthropology’s Legacy
Creators: name: Marsh, Diana
name: Christensen, Katherine
Publisher: name: Smithsonian Collections Blog
Year: 2020
Subjects: anthropology
archives
records
legacy collections
museums
CoPAR
Wenner-Gren

description: Last March, a giant in the field of anthropology passed away. Sydel Silverman (1933-2019) was a scholar of Italian and other (as she called them) “complex” societies, as well as the history of anthropology. Silverman advocated for anthropology throughout her career. At the City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center in the 1970s, Silverman argued that anthropology was an “essential” discipline, convincing Margaret Mead to join her fight. Silverman’s perhaps most influential contribution to the field was her leadership of the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, anthropology’s most prominent funding organization, where she served as President from 1987 to 1999. Through Wenner-Gren, Silverman built anthropology’s intellectual community and reach. Silverman was also a major proponent of preserving anthropology’s legacy through archival records. She helped to found the Council for the Preservation of Anthropological Records (CoPAR), which published works on the topic and created a registry of anthropologists’ archival papers. This month, the NAA published a digital, keyword searchable (‘encoded’, in archives-speak) finding aid (created by Katherine Christensen) to Silverman’s collections.
Patterns of Inhalant Use among Incarcerated Youth
Creators: name: Snyder, Susan M.
name: Howard, Matthew O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Inhalant use is especially prevalent among antisocial youth and can have serious health consequences. However, the extant literature has not investigated how use of various inhalants may co-occur among incarcerated youth. This study begins to address this gap in the literature by using latent class analyses to form distinct typologies of inhalant use. Study participants were residents (N = 723) of 27 Missouri Division of Youth Services facilities. Interviews assessed psychiatric symptoms, antisocial traits, delinquency, trauma, suicidality, and substance use behaviors. The mean age of the mostly male, ethnically diverse sample was 15.5 (S.D. = 1.2) years old. The study revealed the following classes of inhalant use: (1) severe polyinhalant use; (2) moderate polyinhalant use; (3) gas and permanent marker use; and (4) low-use. Compared to the low-use class, members of the severe polyinhalant use class had experienced more than double the rate of head injuries, the highest rates of traumatic experiences, and the highest rates of mental illness diagnoses. The gas and markers class had the highest rate of reporting hearing voices, followed by the severe polyinhalant use class, and the moderate polyinhalant use class. Results of this study underscore the need to address the high rate of head injuries and mental health diagnoses that contribute to severe polyinhalant use.
title: Der Stahlhelm - Bund der Frontsoldaten / Text von Winfried Heinemann ; gelesen von Michael Gutzeit
Creators: name: Heinemann, Winfried
Publisher: name: ZMSBw
Year: 2023

description: Rezension von: Werberg, Dennis Der Stahlhelm - Bund der Frontsoldaten : eine Veteranenorganisation als politischer Akteur und ihr Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus / Dennis Werberg. - Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter Oldenbourg, [2023]. - X, 407 Seiten : Diagramm, Illustrationen. (Zeitalter der Weltkriege / begründet vom Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamt ; herausgegeben vom Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr ; Band 25) "Im Tempo 114 der alten Infanterie". Der Stahlhelm - Bund der Frontsoldaten und sein Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus 1918-2000 (Dissertationstitel). - Zusatz auf Einbanddecke: eine Veteranenorganisation und ihr Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus. - Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 355-402. - Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2020. - ISBN 978-3-11-108234-9
description: Angelesen. : das Buchjournal des ZMSBw / Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr; [74]
Physical Activity Design Guidelines for School Architecture
Creators: name: Huang, Terry
name: Brittin, Jeri
name: Lee, Karen K.
name: Trowbridge, Matthew
name: Breithecker, Dieter
name: Frerichs, Leah
name: Sorensen, Dina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Increasing children’s physical activity at school is a national focus in the U.S. to address childhood obesity. While research has demonstrated associations between aspects of school environments and students’ physical activity, the literature currently lacks a synthesis of evidence to serve as a practical, spatially-organized resource for school designers and decision-makers, as well as to point to pertinent research opportunities. This paper describes the development of a new practical tool: Physical Activity Design Guidelines for School Architecture. Its aims are to provide architects and designers, as well as school planners, educators, and public health professionals, with strategies for making K-12 school environments conducive to healthy physical activity, and to engage scientists in transdisciplinary perspectives toward improved knowledge of the school environment’s impact. We used a qualitative review process to develop evidence-based and theory-driven school design guidelines that promote increased physical activity among students. The design guidelines include specific strategies in 10 school design domains. Implementation of the guidelines is expected to enable students to adopt healthier physical activity behaviors. The tool bridges a translational gap between research and environmental design practice, and may contribute to setting new industry and education standards.
Engaging Young People as Co-researchers in Mental Health Research during the COVID-19 Crisis: Ethical and Practical Reflections
Creators: name: Maindal, Nina
name: Herbers Poulsen, Signe
name: Harrits, Anne
name: Kragh, Gitte
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Citizen science
Co-researcher collaboration
Youth
Mental health
COVID-19

description: Poster presented at the Citizen Science 4 Health Conference 2023 based on the 'Giving Young People a Voice' project, run by Aarhus University and partners in Denmark.
Abstract
Engaging young people as co-researchers in mental health research holds great promise for both youth and research outcomes. However, there is a limited amount of literature and evidence on the value creation, impact, and challenges associated with this approach.  
During the COVID-19 pandemic, we initiated a collaboration with five young non-scientists (aged 18-20) as co-researchers. Our objectives were to gain a comprehensive understanding of young people's mental health and co-create targeted communication materials, and secondly, to explore the benefits of a co-researcher collaboration for both young individuals and the research project. We examined the involvement of co-researchers in planning, data collection, analysis, and presentation of results. The evaluation of the co-researcher collaboration involved interviews with the co-researchers, an evaluation workshop, and a questionnaire completed by the researchers. The results showed that the collaboration brought valuable insights and perspectives, and involving co-researchers proved effective in engaging young people. However, the collaboration also showed a need for careful implementation, clear communication, mutual understanding, and recognizing co-researchers' competencies are crucial. Our experience showed that young non-scientific co-researchers can significantly contribute to mental health research by providing unique perspectives and empowering young people.
Physical Determinants of Fibrinolysis in Single Fibrin Fibers
Creators: name: Hudson, Nathan E.
name: Superfine, Richard
name: Wulfe, Steven D.
name: Falvo, Michael R.
name: Bucay, Igal
name: O’Brien, E. Tim
name: Wolberg, Alisa S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Fibrin fibers form the structural backbone of blood clots; fibrinolysis is the process in which plasmin digests fibrin fibers, effectively regulating the size and duration of a clot. To understand blood clot dissolution, the influence of clot structure and fiber properties must be separated from the effects of enzyme kinetics and perfusion rates into clots. Using an inverted optical microscope and fluorescently-labeled fibers suspended between micropatterned ridges, we have directly measured the lysis of individual fibrin fibers. We found that during lysis 64 ± 6% of fibers were transected at one point, but 29 ± 3% of fibers increase in length rather than dissolving or being transected. Thrombin and plasmin dose-response experiments showed that the elongation behavior was independent of plasmin concentration, but was instead dependent on the concentration of thrombin used during fiber polymerization, which correlated inversely with fiber diameter. Thinner fibers were more likely to lyse, while fibers greater than 200 ± 30 nm in diameter were more likely to elongate. Because lysis rates were greatly reduced in elongated fibers, we hypothesize that plasmin activity depends on fiber strain. Using polymer physics- and continuum mechanics-based mathematical models, we show that fibers polymerize in a strained state and that thicker fibers lose their prestrain more rapidly than thinner fibers during lysis, which may explain why thick fibers elongate and thin fibers lyse. These results highlight how subtle differences in the diameter and prestrain of fibers could lead to dramatically different lytic susceptibilities.
Application of the light-front coupled-cluster method to $ϕ^4$ theory in two dimensions
Creators: name: Elliott, B.
name: Chabysheva, S. S.
name: Hiller, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a first numerical application of the light-front coupled-cluster (LFCC) method, we consider the odd-parity massive eigenstate of $ϕ_{1+1}^4$ theory. The eigenstate is built as a Fock-state expansion in light-front quantization, where wave functions appear as coefficients of the Fock states. A standard Fock-space truncation would then yield a finite set of linear equations for a finite number of wave functions. The LFCC method replaces Fock-space truncation with a more sophisticated truncation, one which reduces the eigenvalue problem to a finite set of nonlinear equations without any restriction on Fock space. We compare our results with those obtained with a Fock-space truncation that yields the same number of equations.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, RevTeX 4.1
Placental Cadmium Levels Are Associated with Increased Preeclampsia Risk
Creators: name: Cable, Peter H.
name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Boggess, Kim
name: Laine, Jessica E.
name: Offenbacher, Steven
name: Ray, Paul
name: Bodnar, Wanda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Environmental exposure to heavy metals is a potentially modifiable risk factor for preeclampsia (PE). Toxicologically, there are known interactions between the toxic metal cadmium (Cd) and essential metals such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), as these metals can protect against the toxicity of Cd. As they relate to preeclampsia, the interaction between Cd and these essential metals is unknown. The aims of the present study were to measure placental levels of Cd, Se, and Zn in a cohort of 172 pregnant women from across the southeast US and to examine associations of metals levels with the odds of PE in a nested case-control design. Logistic regressions were performed to assess odds ratios (OR) for PE with exposure to Cd controlling for confounders, as well as interactive models with Se or Zn. The mean placental Cd level was 3.6 ng/g, ranging from 0.52 to 14.5 ng/g. There was an increased odds ratio for PE in relationship to placental levels of Cd (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2). The Cd-associated OR for PE increased when analyzed in relationship to lower placental Se levels (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1–3.5) and decreased with higher placental Se levels (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.5–1.9). Similarly, under conditions of lower placental Zn, the Cd-associated OR for PE was elevated (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.8–3.9), whereas with higher placental Zn it was reduced (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 0.8–2.0). Data from this pilot study suggest that essential metals may play an important role in reducing the odds of Cd-associated preeclampsia and that replication in a larger cohort is warranted.
A Destination for DRUM Dataset Deposits: Creating the UMD Data Collection
Creators: name: Buser, Allison
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2022

description: As publisher policies and funding agencies increasingly require or encourage research data be made open for wider access and review, improving data collection and curation practices in institutional repositories has become commensurately necessary to support the needs of researchers and the goals of open scholarship. Since the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland’s (DRUM) launch in 2005, it has been utilized in archiving research datasets produced by UMD researchers. However, the repository’s general self-submission workflow lacks mechanisms to consistently collect essential identifying metadata as well as other metadata necessary for best practices in research data archiving. The UMD Data Collection was created in the summer of 2021 to address such issues. This poster outlines the design and implementation of the collection and its customized workflow to better enable future curation, management, and discovery of research datasets archived in UMD's institutional repository.
Causal Graph Justifications of Logic Programs
Creators: name: Cabalar, Pedro
name: Fandinno, Jorge
name: Fink, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we propose a multi-valued extension of logic programs under the stable models semantics where each true atom in a model is associated with a set of justifications. These justifications are expressed in terms of causal graphs formed by rule labels and edges that represent their application ordering. For positive programs, we show that the causal justifications obtained for a given atom have a direct correspon- dence to (relevant) syntactic proofs of that atom using the program rules involved in the graphs. The most interesting contribution is that this causal information is obtained in a purely semantic way, by algebraic op- erations (product, sum and application) on a lattice of causal values whose ordering relation expresses when a justification is stronger than another. Finally, for programs with negation, we define the concept of causal stable model by introducing an analogous transformation to Gelfond and Lifschitz's program reduct. As a result, default negation behaves as "absence of proof" and no justification is derived from negative liter
Learning Causal Networks from Episodic Data
Creators: name: Mian, Osman Ali
name: Mameche, Sarah
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: In numerous real-world domains, spanning from environmental monitoring to long-term medical studies, observations do not arrive in a single batch but rather over time in episodes. This challenges the traditional assumption in causal discovery of a single, observational dataset, not only because each episode may be a biased sample of the population but also because multiple episodes could differ in the causal interactions underlying the observed variables. We address these issues using notions of context switches and episodic selection bias, and introduce a framework for causal modeling of episodic data. We show under which conditions we can apply information-theoretic scoring criteria for causal discovery while preserving consistency. To in practice discover the causal model progressively over time, we propose the CONTINENT algorithm which, taking inspiration from continual learning, discovers the causal model in an online fashion without having to re-learn the model upon arrival of each new episode. Our experiments over a variety of settings including selection bias, unknown interventions, and network changes showcase that CONTINENT works well in practice and outperforms the baselines by a clear margin.
Measurement of the Shape Factor for the Beta Decay of $^{14}$O
Creators: name: George, E. A.
name: Voytas, P. A.
name: Severin, G. W.
name: Knutson, L. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results from an experiment designed to test the conserved vector current (CVC) hypothesis by measuring the shape of the $β$-decay spectrum for the allowed $0^+\rightarrow 1^+$ ground state decay of $^{14}$O. Measurements of the spectrum intensity were obtained with a superconducting beta spectrometer and will be reported for positron kinetic energies ranging from 1.9 to 4.0 MeV. After dividing out phase space, Coulomb, and other correction factors, the resulting shape function has a negative slope of several per cent per MeV. We define a parameter $a'$, which is essentially a measure of the average slope of the shape function over the energy range of the measurements, and determine its value to be $a' = -0.0290 \pm 0.0008$ (stat.) $\pm 0.0006$ (syst.). The measured slope parameter is in good agreement with predictions from shell model calculations that respect CVC.
title: Timing of Resection of Spinal Meningiomas and Its Influence on Quality of Life and Treatment
Creators: name: Schwake, Michael
name: Said, Wesam
name: Gallus, Marco
name: Maragno, Emanuele
name: Schipmann, Stephanie Agnes Regina
name: Spille, Dorothee
name: Stummer, Walter
name: Brokinkel, Benjamin Legolas
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Background: The main treatment modality for spinal meningiomas (SM) is gross total resection (GTR). However, the optimal timing of surgery, especially in cases with absent or mild neurological symptoms, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of early-stage resection on neurological outcome, quality of life (QoL), and quality of care. The primary objective is a favorable neurological outcome (McCormick scale 1). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent operations for SM between 2011 and 2021. Patients with mild neurological symptoms preoperatively (McCormick scale 1 and 2) were compared to those with more severe neurological symptoms (McCormick scale 3–5). Disabilities and QoL were assessed according to validated questionnaires (SF-36, ODI, NDI). Results: Age, spinal cord edema, thoracic localization, and spinal canal occupancy ratio were associated with more severe neurological symptoms (all p < 0.05). Patients presenting with mild symptoms were associated with favorable neurological outcomes (OR: 14.778 (95%CI 3.918–55.746, p < 0.001)), which is associated with shorter hospitalization, better QoL, and fewer disabilities (p < 0.05). Quality of care was comparable in both cohorts. Conclusions: Early surgical intervention for SM, before the development of severe neurological deficits, should be considered as it is associated with a favorable neurological outcome and quality of life.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universität Münster.
title: France Report. Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
Creators: name: Mény, Yves
name: Uterwedde, Henrik
name: Zohlnhöfer, Reimut
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2022
Subjects: Democracy
Regierungshandeln
Demokratie

description: France enjoys solid institutions of governance, and under the Fifth Republic has benefited from the most stable, consensual and efficient period of the past 200 years. Yet the country has struggled to effectively address the challenges associated with Europeanization and globalization.
Universal short-time response and formation of correlations after quantum quenches
Creators: name: Morawetz, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The short-time evolution of two distinct systems, the pump and probe experiments with semiconductor and the sudden quench of cold atoms in an optical lattice, is found to be described by the same universal response function. This analytic formula at short time scales is derived from the quantum kinetic theory approach observing that correlations need time to be formed. The demand of density conservation leads to a reduction of the relaxation time by a factor of four in quench setups. The influence of finite trapping potential is derived and discussed as well as Singwi-Sjølander local field corrections.
description: submitted 14 April 2014
Polymorphisms in Genes of Relevance for Oestrogen and Oxytocin Pathways and Risk of Barrett’s Oesophagus and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Pooled Analysis from the BEACON Consortium
Creators: name: Shaheen, Nicholas J.
name: Romero, Yvonne
name: Casson, Alan G.
name: Nyren, Olof
name: Levine, David
name: Wu, Anna H.
name: Fitzgerald, Rebecca C.
name: Westberg, Lars
name: Vaughan, Thomas L.
name: Reid, Brian J.
name: Lagergren, Katarina
name: Ek, Weronica E.
name: MacGregor, Stuart
name: Chow, Wong-Ho
name: Pharoah, Paul
name: Hardie, Laura J.
name: Corley, Douglas A.
name: Whiteman, David
name: Risch, Harvey A.
name: Lagergren, Jesper
name: Bird, Nigel C.
name: Caldas, Carlos
name: Bernstein, Leslie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundThe strong male predominance in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) continues to puzzle. Hormonal influence, e.g. oestrogen or oxytocin, might contribute.MethodsThis genetic-epidemiological study pooled 14 studies from three continents, Australia, Europe, and North America. Polymorphisms in 3 key genes coding for the oestrogen pathway (receptor alpha (ESR1), receptor beta (ESR2), and aromatase (CYP19A1)), and 3 key genes of the oxytocin pathway (the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), oxytocin protein (OXT), and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase glycoprotein (CD38)), were analysed using a gene-based approach, versatile gene-based test association study (VEGAS).ResultsAmong 1508 OAC patients, 2383 BO patients, and 2170 controls, genetic variants within ESR1 were associated with BO in males (p = 0.0058) and an increased risk of OAC and BO combined in males (p = 0.0023). Genetic variants within OXTR were associated with an increased risk of BO in both sexes combined (p = 0.0035) and in males (p = 0.0012). We followed up these suggestive findings in a further smaller data set, but found no replication. There were no significant associations between the other 4 genes studied and risk of OAC, BO, separately on in combination, in males and females combined or in males only.ConclusionGenetic variants in the oestrogen receptor alpha and the oxytocin receptor may be associated with an increased risk of BO or OAC, but replication in other large samples are needed.
Crafting the strain state in epitaxial thin films: A case study of CoFe2O4 films on Pb(Mg,Nb)O3-PbTiO3
Creators: name: Wang, Zhiguang
name: Wang, Yaojin
name: Luo, Haosu
name: Li, Jiefang
name: Viehland, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strain dependence of electric and magnetic properties has been widely investigated, both from a fundamental science perspective and an applications point of view. Electromechanical coupling through field-induced polarization rotation (PRO) and polarization reorientation (PRE) in piezoelectric single crystals can provide an effective strain in film/substrate epitaxial heterostructures. However, the specific pathway of PRO and PRE is a complex thermodynamic process, depending on chemical composition, temperature, electric field and mechanical load. Here, systematic studies of the temperature-dependent field-induced phase transitions in Pb(Mg,Nb)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals with different initial phase and orientation configurations have been performed. Different types of strains, volatile/nonvolatile and biaxial/uniaxial, have been measured by both macroscopic and in-situ X-ray diffraction techniques. In addition, the strain state of epitaxial Mn-doped CoFe2O4 thin films was examined by magnetic anisotropy measurements, where a giant magnetoelectric coupling has been demonstrated.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Finding rocky asteroids around white dwarfs by their periodic thermal emission
Creators: name: Lin, Henry
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since white dwarfs are small, the contrast between the thermal emission of an orbiting object and a white dwarf is dramatically enhanced compared to a main sequence host. Furthermore, rocky objects much smaller than the moon have no atmospheres and are tidally locked to the white dwarf. We show that this leads to temperature contrasts between their day and night side of order unity that should lead to temporal variations in infrared flux over an orbital period of $\sim 0.2$ to $\sim 2$ days. Ground based telescopes could detect objects with a mass as small as $1\%$ of the lunar mass $M_L$ around Sirius B with a few hours of exposure. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) may be able to detect objects as small as $10^{-3} M_L$ around most nearby white dwarfs. The tightest constraints will typically be placed on 12,000 K white dwarfs, whose Roche zone coincides with the dust sublimation zone. Constraining the abundance of minor planets around white dwarfs as a function of their surface temperatures (and therefore age) provides a novel probe for the physics of planetary formation.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters