cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The XMM-Newton view of Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients: the case of IGRJ16418-4532
Creators: name: Sidoli, L.
name: Mereghetti, S.
name: Sguera, V.
name: Pizzolato, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a 40 ks long, uninterrupted X-ray observation of the candidate supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT) IGRJ16418-4532 performed with XMM-Newton on February 23, 2011. This high mass X-ray binary lies in the direction of the Norma arm, at an estimated distance of 13 kpc. During the observation, the source showed strong variability exceeding two orders of magnitudes, never observed before from this source. Its X-ray flux varied in the range from 0.1 counts/s to about 15 counts/s, with several bright flares of different durations (from a few hundreds to a few thousands seconds) and sometimes with a quasi-periodic behavior. This finding supports the previous suggestion that IGRJ16418-4532 is a member of the SFXTs class. In our new observation we measured a pulse period of 1212+/-6 s, thus confirming that this binary contains a slowly rotating neutron star. During the periods of low luminosity the source spectrum is softer and more absorbed than during the flares. A soft excess is present below 2 keV in the cumulative flares spectrum, possibly due to ionized wind material at a distance similar to the neutron star accretion radius. The kind of X-ray variability displayed by IGRJ16418-4532, its dynamic range and time scale,together with the sporadic presence of quasi-periodic flaring, all are suggestive of a transitional accretion regime between pure wind accretion and full Roche lobe overflow. We discuss here for the first time this hypothesis to explain the behavior of IGRJ16418-4532 and, possibly, of other SFXTs with short orbital periods.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 2011 October 23. Received 2011 October 18; in original form 2011 August 29. 9 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Causal Inference on Event Sequences
Creators: name: Budhathoki, Kailash
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Given two discrete valued time series—that is, event sequences—of length n can we tell whether they are causally related? That is, can we tell whether x^n causes y^n, whether y^n causes x^n? Can we do so without having to make assumptions on the distribution of these time series, or about the lag of the causal effect? And, importantly for practical application, can we do so accurately and efficiently? These are exactly the questions we answer in this paper. We propose a causal inference framework for event sequences based on information theory. We build upon the well-known notion of Granger causality, and define causality in terms of compression. We infer that x^n is likely a cause of y^n if y^n can be (much) better sequentially compressed given the past of both y^n and x^n, than for the other way around. To compress the data we use the notion of sequential normalized maximal likelihood, which means we use minimax optimal codes with respect to a parametric family of distributions. To show this works in practice, we propose CUTE, a linear time method for inferring the causal direction between two event sequences. Empirical evaluation shows that CUTE works well in practice, is much more robust than transfer entropy, and ably reconstructs the ground truth on river flow and spike train data.
Accurate Causal Inference on Discrete Data
Creators: name: Budhathoki, Kailash
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Additive Noise Models (ANMs) provide a theoretically sound approach to inferring the most likely causal direction between pairs of random variables given only a sample from their joint distribution. The key assumption is that the effect is a function of the cause, with additive noise that is independent of the cause. In many cases ANMs are identifiable. Their performance, however, hinges on the chosen dependence measure, the assumption we make on the true distribution. In this paper we propose to use Shannon entropy to measure the dependence within an ANM, which gives us a general approach by which we do not have to assume a true distribution, nor have to perform explicit significance tests during optimization. The information-theoretic formulation gives us a general, efficient, identifiable, and, as the experiments show, highly accurate method for causal inference on pairs of discrete variables-achieving (near) 100% accuracy on both synthetic and real data.
Quantum Monte-Carlo study of magnetic ordering in ZnV2O4
Creators: name: Kato, Yasuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the magnetic ordering of Vanadium spinels by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of a three-band Hubbard model. Vanadium spinels, AV$_2$O$_4$, exhibit a unique "up-up-down-down" spin ordering at low temperatures. While this magnetic ordering was originally measured in 1973, its origin has remained unclear for many years due to the lack of unbiased approaches for solving the relevant model. A three-band Hubbard model on the spinel lattice (corner sharing tetrahedra) is a minimal Hamiltonian for describing the $t_{2g}$ electrons of the V$^{2+}$ ions. One of the main difficulties is that this family of compounds belongs to the elusive intermediate-coupling regime ($U \gtrsim t$) for which there is no small parameter that can justify a perturbative expansion. We present a controlled Quantum Monte-Carlo approach to the three-band Hubbard model relevant for this materials that reproduces the up-up-down-down spin ordering. The method is free of the sign problem that is usually the main limiting factor for simulating fermionic systems in dimension higher than one.
Mathisson's helical motions demystified
Creators: name: Costa, L. Filipe O.
name: Natário, José
name: Zilhão, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of spinning test particles in general relativity is described by Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations, which are undetermined up to a spin supplementary condition, the latter being today still an open question. The Mathisson-Pirani (MP) condition is known to lead to rather mysterious helical motions which have been deemed unphysical, and for this reason discarded. We show that these assessments are unfounded and originate from a subtle (but crucial) misconception. We discuss the kinematical explanation of the helical motions, and dynamically interpret them through the concept of hidden momentum, which has an electromagnetic analogue. We also show that, contrary to previous claims, the frequency of the helical motions coincides exactly with the zitterbewegung frequency of the Dirac equation for the electron.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the Spanish Relativity Meeting 2011 (ERE2011), "Towards new paradigms", Madrid 29 August - 2 September 2011
Tables and Appendices in Material Supplementary to Excessive Maritime Claims Fourth Edition
Creators: name: J. Ashley Roach
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 180116 International Law (excl. International Trade Law)
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Law
subject: 180111 Environmental and Natural Resources Law

description: The supplementary material contains four tables and 14 appendices that are referenced in the text of the fourth edition of Excessive Maritime Claims. The tables include territorial sea claims, contiguous zone claims, and exclusive economic zone claims in 2019. The appendices include policy statements by the United States regarding the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, the US exclusive economic zone and marine scientific research policy for the US exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, US territorial sea and contiguous zone, as well as, with the USSR, on innocent passage. It also includes the various executive branch and Senate documents on the Convention. US policy documents on the Arctic and the Proliferation Security Initiative interdiction principles are also included.
Subcellular Distribution and Function of Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor in Ventricular Myocytes and Hippocampal Neurons
Creators: name: Hiess, Florian
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor
subject: Education--Sciences

description: Cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) are intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release channels most abundantly expressed in the heart and brain. They are clustered in the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) membrane to form elementary units for Ca2+ release. The distribution of these units determines the spatiotemporal profile and stability of ER/SR Ca2+ release. Thus, RyR2 distribution is believed to be essential in cellular processes, such as excitation-contraction coupling and learning and memory. The distribution of RyR2s has been extensively studied in cells/tissues using anti-RyR2 antibody immunostaining. However, sample preparation required for immunostaining may affect cellular structures, besides rendering the cells/tissues non-functional. Hence, the functional relevance of the distribution of RyR2 clusters in live cells/tissue is unclear. We have generated a knock-in mouse model that expresses green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged RyR2s. These mice allow us to monitor cellular/subcellular distribution of RyR2 in live cells/tissues by virtue of GFP fluorescence. To improve the detection of GFP-RyR2, we developed a novel GFP-specific probe based on anti-GFP single domain antibodies (nanobodies). Fluorescence imaging was employed to study Ca2+ release and the distribution of GFP-RyR2 in the interior and periphery of live ventricular myocytes and in intact hearts isolated from GFP-RyR2 expressing mice. We found highly-ordered arrays of stationary GFP-RyR2 clusters in the interior of cardiomyocytes in the z-line zone. In contrast, irregular and dynamic distribution of GFP-RyR2 clusters was observed in the periphery of cardiomyocytes. Imaging of intact GFP-RyR2 brain sections revealed a widespread distribution of RyR2 in various brain regions, most prominently in regions involved in spatial learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. To investigate the functional role of RyR2 in this region, we performed electrophysiological studies using hippocampal slices prepared from knock-in mice harboring a cardiac arrhythmia-associated human RyR2 mutation (R4496C) with enhanced channel activity. We found that enhanced RyR2 function reduces long-term potentiation (LTP) in Schaffer collateral inputs to CA1 pyramidal cells. Thus, RyR2 plays a critical role in LTP at these synapses. Behavioral studies on RyR2 mutant mice further supported the role of RyR2 in learning and memory. Overall, these results reveal, the distribution of RyR2 clusters and its functional significance in living ventricular myocytes and hippocampal neurons.
Sources of negative tunneling magneto-resistance in multilevel quantum dots with ferromagnetic contacts
Creators: name: Koller, S.
name: Paaske, J.
name: Grifoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze distinct sources of spin-dependent energy level shifts and their impact on the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of interacting quantum dots coupled to collinearly polarized ferromagnetic leads. Level shifts due to virtual charge fluctuations can be quantitatively evaluated within a diagrammatic representation of our transport theory. The theory is valid for multilevel quantum dot systems and we exemplarily apply it to carbon nanotube quantum dots, where we show that the presence of many levels can qualitatively influence the TMR effect.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, supplemental material
Exotic continuous quantum phase transition between Z2 topological spin liquid and Neel order
Creators: name: Moon, Eun-Gook
name: Xu, Cenke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent numerical simulations with different techniques have all suggested the existence of a continuous quantum phase transition between the Z2 topological spin liquid phase and a conventional Neel order. Motivated by these numerical progresses, we propose a candidate theory for such Z2-Neel transition. We first argue on general grounds that, for a SU(2) invariant system, this transition cannot be interpreted as the condensation of spinons in the Z2 spin liquid phase. Then we propose that such Z2-Neel transition is driven by proliferating the bound state of the bosonic spinon and vison excitation of the Z2 spin liquid, i.e. the so called (e, m)-type excitation. Universal critical exponents associated with this exotic transition are computed using 1/N expansion. This theory predicts that at the Z2-Neel transition, there is an emergent quasi long range power law correlation of columnar valence bond solid order parameter.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Evolution of the density parameter in the anisotropic DGP cosmology
Creators: name: Ansari, Rizwan Ul Haq
name: Suresh, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolution of the density parameter in the anisotropic DGP braneworld model is studied. The role of shear and cross-over scale in the evolution of $Ω_ρ$ is examined for both the branches of solution in the DGP model. The evolution is modified significantly compared to the FRW model and further it does not depend on the value of $γ$ alone. Behaviour of the cosmological density parameter $Ω_ρ$ is unaltered in the late universe. The study of decceleration parameter shows that the entry of the universe into self accelerating phase is determined by the value of shear. We also obtain an estimate of the shear parameter $\fracΣ{H_0} \sim 1.68 \times 10^{-10}$, which is in agreement with the constraints obtained in the literature using data.
description: To apper in Int.J.Mod.Phys.D, 14 pages, 6 figures
Smaragdina quadrimaculata Lopatin, new species
Creators: name: Lopatin, I. K.
name: Konstantinov, A. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Chlorophyta
Ulvophyceae
Ulotrichales
Borodinellaceae
Smaragdina
Smaragdina quadrimaculata

description: Smaragdina quadrimaculata Lopatin, new species (Figs 1, 2) Holotype male, China, Yunnan, env. of Lijang, Tiger Leaping Gorge, 2000 m, N 27°04'53" E 100°04'31", 25.05.2002, A. Konstantinov & M. Volkovitsh leg. (IZAS). Paratype female, the same label as holotype (USNM). Body length 3.0 mm, width 1.5 mm. Body color orange-yellowish, vertex, two spots on each elytron (at basal one third and posterior of middle), metasternum and abdomen black with metallic luster. Three basal antennomeres orange-yellow, rest of antennomeres reddish-brown. Legs orange-yellow, only claw brown. Frons convex with small impression in middle, covered with small dense punctures. Antennomere three very small, round, much shorter than either two and four. Antennomere four ax-shaped. Antennomeres five to nine wider than long, ten slightly narrower than nine, 11 elliptical with acute apex. Pronotum twice as wide as long, convex, smooth, with widely rounded posterior corners. Basal margin widely protruding above scutellum. Elytra 4.7 times as long as pronotum and 1.4 times longer than wide, slightly constricted posterior of humeral callus, widening posteriorly. Elytral apex narrowly rounded. Elytral punctures distinct, relatively deep basally, shallower apically, in some places forming irregular striae. Ventral side of body with tiny and dense punctures. Abdomen with thin, white, appressed hairs, denser at sides. Aedeagus as in Figs1 and 2. Comments: Smaragdina quadrimaculata is similar to S. nigrosignatus Pic from Fuxian but can easily be differentiated by the color pattern of elytra and the shape of the aedeagus. Etymology: This species name refers to its body color and the pattern of the elytra.
description: Published as part of Lopatin, I. K. & Konstantinov, A. S., 2009, New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2083 (1) on page 2, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5321822
Educational leadership for a common world
Creators: name: Pamer, Monica E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This study of educational leadership attempts to take the unexpected into account, acknowledging that while leadership in public education often appears to be about control, or causing certain things to happen, it is dependent on human interactions that have unpredictable yet significant effects on others. This consideration gives rise to a different conception of educational leadership, one that is not dependent on prescribed steps and factors, but arises from both fleeting and sustained interactions and the sense that others make of them. Frequently the conventional literature on educational leadership offers a series of steps, diagrams or frameworks to simplify and communicate what educational leadership is, and these approaches have their uses. However, they tend to wring the life out of the concept while trying to nail it down. Stories about leadership, on the other hand, communicate its complexity and sheer human unpredictability in a more multidimensional way. When we are with others, what we do and say, “‘produces’ stories with or without intention, as naturally as fabrication produces tangible things” (Arendt, 1958, p. 184). Stories arise, but conceptual tools are a way of making sense of them. The concepts used in the analysis and discussion are: the tension between schooling and education; Hannah Arendt’s (1958) notions of the public, private and social; and Arendt’s concepts of labour, work and action. These concepts are applied to leadership in public education to describe a new way of conceptualizing educational leadership. This is leadership that acknowledges and utilizes the interdependence of the public and private as a way of educating students to appreciate their individuality while being prepared to be with others in a public setting as part of a democratic society. Schooling does not often foster this kind of education, and can actually limit interactions that support it as described above. Leaders who aspire to be educational in their practice need to recognize that school is where students are contained, but education is more about fostering students’ opportunities to develop and expand their sense of who they are by interacting with others in open, receptive and reflective ways.
Rule Discovery for Exploratory Causal Reasoning
Creators: name: Budhathoki, Kailash
name: Boley, Mario
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We study the problem of discovering reliable causal rules from observational data. Traditional descriptive rule discovery techniques do not suffice to this end, as they struggle with the consistent detection of (potentially rare) conditions that have a strong effect on an output variable of interest. Among the sources of inconsistency are that naive empirical effect estimations have a high variance, and, hence, their maximization is highly optimistically biased unless the search is artificially restricted to high frequency events. Secondly, observational effect measurements are often highly unrepresentative of the underlying causal effect because they are skewed by the presence of confounding factors. This is a concern especially in scientific data analysis. To address these issues, we present a novel descriptive rule discovery approach based on reliably estimating the conditional effect given the potential confounders. We demonstrate that the corresponding score is a conservative and consistent effect estimator, identify the admissible data generation process under which causal rule discovery is possible, and derive an efficient optimization algorithm that successfully detects valuable rules on a multitude of real datasets. Important for both causal and associational data exploration, the presented approach naturally allows for iterative rule discovery, where new non-redundant rules can be found by treating previously discovered rules as confounders in subsequent iterations.
Particle creation and particle number in an expanding universe
Creators: name: Parker, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I describe the logical basis of the method that I developed in 1962 and 1963 to define a quantum operator corresponding to the observable particle number of a quantized free scalar field in a spatially-flat isotropically expanding (and/or contracting) universe. This work also showed for the first time that particles were created from the vacuum by the curved space-time of an expanding spatially-flat FLRW universe. The same process is responsible for creating the nearly scale-invariant spectrum of quantized perturbations of the inflaton scalar field during the inflationary stage of the expansion of the universe. I explain how the method that I used to obtain the observable particle number operator involved adiabatic invariance of the particle number (hence, the name adiabatic regularization) and the quantum theory of measurement of particle number in an expanding universe. I also show how I was led in a surprising way, to the discovery in 1964 that there would be no particle creation by these spatially-flat FLRW universes for free fields of any integer or half-integer spin satisfying field equations that are invariant under conformal transformations of the metric. The methods I used to define adiabatic regularization for particle number, were based on generally-covariant concepts like adiabatic invariance and measurement that were fundamental and determined results that were unique to each given adiabatic order.
description: 22 pages, no figures, submitted 7May2012 to J. Phys. A for a special issue honoring Prof. Stuart Dowker
Pressure- and Field-Tuning the Magnetostructural Phases of Mn3O4: Raman Scattering and X-Ray Diffraction Studies
Creators: name: Kim, M.
name: Chen, X. M.
name: Wang, X.
name: Nelson, C. S.
name: Budakian, R.
name: Abbamonte, P.
name: Cooper, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present temperature-, magnetic-field-, and pressure-dependent Raman scattering studies of single crystal Mn3O4, combined with temperature- and field-dependent x-ray diffraction studies, revealing the novel magnetostructural phases in Mn3O4. Our temperature-dependent studies showed that the commensurate magnetic transition at T2=33K in the binary spinel Mn3O4 is associated with a structural transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic structures. Field-dependent studies showed that the onset and nature of this structural transition can be controlled with an applied magnetic field, and revealed evidence for a field-tuned quantum phase transition to a tetragonal spin-disordered phase for H||[1-10]. Pressure-dependent Raman measurements showed that the magnetic easy axis direction in Mn3O4 can be controlled---and the ferrimagnetic transition temperature increased---with applied pressure. Finally, combined pressure- and magnetic-field-tuned Raman measurements revealed a rich magnetostructural phase diagram---including a pressure- and field-induced magnetically frustrated tetragonal phase in the PH phase diagram---that can be generated in Mn3O4 with applied pressure and magnetic field.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Smaragdina oblongum Lopatin, new species
Creators: name: Lopatin, I. K.
name: Konstantinov, A. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Chlorophyta
Ulvophyceae
Ulotrichales
Borodinellaceae
Smaragdina
Smaragdina oblongum

description: Smaragdina oblongum Lopatin, new species (Figs 3–6) Holotype male, China, Yunnan, env. of Lijang, Tiger Leaping Gorge, 2000m, N 27° 04'53" E 100°04'31", 25.05.2002, A. Konstantinov & M. Volkovitsh leg. (IZAS). Paratypes (8 specimens) males and females, the same label as holotype (6 USNM, 2 ZMAS). Body length 5.4 mm, width 2.5 mm. Body elongate, parallel-sided, shiny. Pronotum, elytra, four apical antennomeres, and femur except apex, orange. Head, antennomeres five to 11, scutellum, ventral side of body, tibiae, and tarsi black. Labrum shiny black. Frons between eyes covered with deep wrinkled punctures, which deepen and become sparser ventrally. Vertex covered with tiny, sparse punctures. Clypeus deeply evenly incised. Labrum convex, smooth, with setiferous pores on sides and slightly convex anterior margin. Antennomere three shorter than the rest, wider than long. Antennomere four weakly transverse. Antennomeres five to ten strongly transverse. Pronotum wide, 1.92 times wider than long. Sides evenly rounded. Posterior corners widely rounded. Pronotum surface smooth, shiny, slightly convex in middle, strongly convex on sides, covered with sparse punctures, which are denser at middle of anterior margin. Transverse impression deep across scutellum. Basal margin protruding posteriorly. Scutellum raised with rounded apex, covered with deep punctures in basal half. Elytra 2.9 times longer than pronotum and 1.16 times longer than wide, narrowed beyond humeral calli and widening apically, narrowly rounded at apex. Elytral surface covered with shallow punctures, their diameter smaller than distance between them. Lateral sides with row of short hairs. Protibia curved, with dense setae ventrally. Protarsus wide. Claw with small denticle. Abdomen covered with long, white thin hairs and dense punctures. Last abdominal ventrite with short, transverse, bare stripe in middle of apical margin. Aedeagus as in Figs 3–6. Comments: Smaragdina oblongum is close to S. peplopteroides (Weise), from which it can be differentiated by its smaller body, dorsum orange in color (S. peplopteroides has elytra either completely dark with light apices or with large elongate markings along suture), dorsal part of vertex sparsely covered with punctures (vertex of S. peplopteroides densely covered with punctures throughout), and the shape of the aedeagus (Figs 3–10). Etymology: This species name refers to its elongate body.
description: Published as part of Lopatin, I. K. & Konstantinov, A. S., 2009, New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2083 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5321822
Enhancement of the Electron Spin Resonance of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Oxygen Removal
Creators: name: Rice, W. D.
name: Weber, R. T.
name: Leonard, A. D.
name: Tour, J. M.
name: Nikolaev, P.
name: Arepalli, S.
name: Berka, V.
name: Tsai, A. -L.
name: Kono, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed a nearly fourfold increase in the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal from an ensemble of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) due to oxygen desorption. By performing temperature-dependent ESR spectroscopy both before and after thermal annealing, we found that the ESR in SWCNTs can be reversibly altered via the molecular oxygen content in the samples. Independent of the presence of adsorbed oxygen, a Curie-law (spin susceptibility $\propto 1/T$) is seen from $\sim$4 K to 300 K, indicating that the probed spins are finite-level species. For both the pre-annealed and post-annealed sample conditions, the ESR linewidth decreased as the temperature was increased, a phenomenon we identify as motional narrowing. From the temperature dependence of the linewidth, we extracted an estimate of the intertube hopping frequency; for both sample conditions, we found this hopping frequency to be $\sim$100 GHz. Since the spin hopping frequency changes only slightly when oxygen is desorbed, we conclude that only the spin susceptibility, not spin transport, is affected by the presence of physisorbed molecular oxygen in SWCNT ensembles. Surprisingly, no linewidth change is observed when the amount of oxygen in the SWCNT sample is altered, contrary to other carbonaceous systems and certain 1D conducting polymers. We hypothesize that physisorbed molecular oxygen acts as an acceptor ($p$-type), compensating the donor-like ($n$-type) defects that are responsible for the ESR signal in bulk SWCNTs.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Hyphaenia volkovitshi Lopatin, new species
Creators: name: Lopatin, I. K.
name: Konstantinov, A. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Hyphaenia
Hyphaenia volkovitshi

description: Hyphaenia volkovitshi Lopatin, new species (Figs 11–13) Holotype male, China, Yunnan, env. of Lijang, Tiger Leaping Gorge, 2000m, N 27°04'53" E 100°04'31", 25.05.2002, A. Konstantinov & M. Volkovitsh leg. (IZAS). Body length 5.3 mm, width 1.8 mm. Most of body, ventral portion of head, gena, pronotum, pro- and mesosterna, and legs yellow. Antenna black, antennomere two entirely and antennomere one ventrally reddish yellow, apical parts of tibiae and tarsi dark. Frons with deep, transverse depression. Frontal ridge short and wide. Antennal calli transverse, convex. Antenna (Fig. 11) long, covered with erected hair starting with antennomere three. Hairs on outer side of antennomeres long, nearly as long as width of antennomeres. Antennomere two short, not longer than its width. Antennomeres four to nine oblique at apices. Antennomere four with two impressions on outer surface. Antennomere five constricted in middle, widening apically. Proportion of antennomeres as follows: 11:2:10:15:13:12:11:10:10:10:11. Pronotum 1.4 times wider than long. Sides strongly converging from anterior one third posteriorly and weakly anteriorly. Surface with large depressions on sides divided by wide interspace. Lateral margin narrowly explanate. Anterior setiferous pore situated slightly below anterior corner, posterior setiferous pore situated on top of posterolateral corner. Elytra 4 times longer than pronotum and 2.2 times longer than wide at humeral calli. Elytral surface weakly shiny, covered with dense small punctures, weakening at posterior one third. First protarsomere elongate, as wide as cross-section of profemoral apex. Aedeagus as in Figs 12, 13. Comments: Hyphaenia volkovitshi is similar to H. bicolor Medvedev from Thailand, but can be easily differentiated by the shape of the antenna and the aedeagus. Etymology: This species is named after the collector, M. Volkovitsh.
description: Published as part of Lopatin, I. K. & Konstantinov, A. S., 2009, New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2083 (1) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5321822
Identifying barriers to waste diversion : improving collection and quality of construction and demolition waste flow information
Creators: name: Sianchuk, Robert Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The majority of US construction and demolition (C&D) wastes flows are currently landfilled, which represents a significant source of underutilized resources and environmental degradation. Growing public concerns have increased the demand for C&D waste product recovery firms to reduce the landfilling of C&D wastes. Despite C&D wastes being one of the US’s largest solid waste flows, there is a lack of collection and reporting on US construction sector wastes. This is disconcerting to waste product recovery firms who would benefit from C&D waste flow information to support their exploration of wants and uses of potential C&D wastes, development of competitive business strategies and operational planning. This thesis contended that the lack of information on the US construction sector’s C&D waste flows is a significant barrier to the optimal development of the C&D waste product recovery market. This thesis sought to address concerns over the collection and quality of information inherent in currently available C&D waste estimates for the US construction sector. The second chapter addressed the high levels of uncertainty and significant methodological shortfalls in existing national C&D waste estimates. A novel framework was developed to improve collection methods and the resolution of the data collected on C&D waste flows and composition. The framework included; measurement of data at the construction site, use of standardized reporting procedures, differentiation of renovation construction and renovation demolition wastes, accounting of construction materials stocked in buildings, characterization of materials at a product level and implementation of regulatory mechanisms. In the third chapter, a national stocks and C&D waste flows model was developed to determine structural wood product use, including softwood lumber, softwood plywood, OSB, glulam, I-joists and LVL, in US single family residences between 1950 and 2008. The results from this model demonstrated a product level of resolution in stocks and C&D waste flow estimates which revealed the variability of waste composition over time. The methodology used to develop the stock and flows model may also be applied to estimate other C&D waste products, provided sufficient data were available.
Discovering Reliable Dependencies from Data: Hardness and Improved Algorithms
Creators: name: Mandros, Panagiotis
name: Boley, Mario
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The reliable fraction of information is an attractive score for quantifying (functional) dependencies in high-dimensional data. In this paper, we systematically explore the algorithmic implications of using this measure for optimization. We show that the problem is NP-hard, which justifies the usage of worst-case exponential-time as well as heuristic search methods. We then substantially improve the practical performance for both optimization styles by deriving a novel admissible bounding function that has an unbounded potential for additional pruning over the previously proposed one. Finally, we empirically investigate the approximation ratio of the greedy algorithm and show that it produces highly competitive results in a fraction of time needed for complete branch-and-bound style search.
Context-free rewriting systems and word-hyperbolic structures with uniqueness
Creators: name: Cain, Alan J.
name: Maltcev, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M35 (Primary) 20M05, 68Q45 (Secondary)

description: This paper proves that any monoid presented by a confluent context-free monadic rewriting system is word-hyperbolic. This result then applied to answer a question asked by Duncan & Gilman by exhibiting an example of a word-hyperbolic monoid that does not admit a word-hyperbolic structure with uniqueness (that is, in which the language of representatives maps bijectively onto the monoid).
Towards Speed Selection for High-Speed Operation of Autonomous Ground Vehicles on Rough Off-Road Terrains
Creators: name: Wilson, Graeme
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: AGV
subject: UGV
subject: Autonomous Ground Vehicle
subject: Unmanned Ground Vehicle
subject: Speed Selection
subject: Planning
subject: Dynamics
subject: Modeling
subject: Simulation
subject: Tire
subject: Vehicle
subject: Prediction
subject: Robotics
subject: Mobile Robotics
subject: High-Speed
subject: Applied Mechanics
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Computer Science
subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Automotive
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Robotics

description: This dissertation addresses the development of an effective real-time speed selection methodology for autonomous ground vehicles operating at high-speeds on rough outdoor terrains for the purpose of traveling as fast as possible without vehicle or payload damage. A novel real-time capable simplified vehicle model is presented for simulating and predicting vehicle dynamics. For the purpose of performing simulation validation, a developed V-REP multibody simulation model of the experimental ATV used in this dissertation is combined with the MF-SWIFT advanced tire model, which is called the V-REP ATV model. These models are compared to experimental results. A real-time capable tire model for computing longitudinal, lateral, and vertical compressive tire forces in real-time is also developed, called the Centroid Method. Compared to the experimentally tested advanced tire model MF-SWIFT, this Centroid method performed well with good performance for the longitudinal and vertical tires forces up to 8-21Hz. For the purpose of parameterizing tire vertical stiffness in the absence of load testing equipment, the novel optimization method for determining the shape of a tire encountering terrain was developed called Tire Air Volume Maximization using Penalty Constraint Optimization (TAVM-PCO). This was combined with the existing Energy method for estimating tire forces from tire shape. This approach showed good performance for estimating tire vertical stiffness, and requires only tire geometry and tire pressure to be measured. Using the developed vehicle and tire models, a speed selection methodology is developed using predictions of upcoming change in vertical kinetic energy of the vehicle, as well as work done by horizontal tire forces on the vehicle. By determining allowable limits for work done and changes in kinetic energy, speed is selected to maintain safe vehicle behavior over upcoming terrain. This speed selection methodology is both tested in simulation against the V-REP ATV model, and compared to the experimental ATV data.
Evidence of strong higher twist effects in diffractive DIS at HERA at moderate Q2
Creators: name: Motyka, L.
name: Sadzikowski, M.
name: Slominski, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a twist decomposition of diffractive structure functions in the diffractive deep inelastic scattering (DDIS) at HERA. At low Q2 and at large energy the data exhibit a strong excess, up to about 100%, above the twist 2 NLO DGLAP description. The excess in consistent with higher twist effects. It is found, that complementing the DGLAP fit by twist 4 and 6 components of the GBW saturation model leads to a good description of data at low Q2. We conclude that the DDIS at HERA provides the first, strong evidence of higher twist effects in DIS.
description: 4 pages, 2 PDF figures
Arthrotus daliensis Lopatin, new species
Creators: name: Lopatin, I. K.
name: Konstantinov, A. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Arthrotus
Arthrotus daliensis

description: Arthrotus daliensis Lopatin, new species (Figs 14–16) Holotype male, China, Yunnan, Dali env., Cangshan Mts., 2100 m, 22.V.2002, foothills with Cynoglossum, N 22°41'58" E 100°08 "07", leg. Konstantinov & Volkovitsh (IZAS). Paratypes 8 specimens with the same label as holotype (6 USNM, 2 ZMAS). Body length 5.3 mm, width 1.9 mm. Body elongate oval, shiny. Head, antennae, scutellum, band around elytral bases and their apices, ventral side, and legs black. Pronotum orange, rest of elytra yellow ochre. Antennal calli small, separated from each other by narrow furrow and from vertex by shallow transverse impression. Frontal ridge convex. Antenna longer than half of body length. Proportion of antennomeres as follows: 8:4:3:12:12:12:13:12:10:10:10. Antennomere two wider than long. Antennomeres four to 10 wide at apices. Antennomeres four to 11 covered by semierected setae. Pronotum trapezoidal, 1.8 times wider than long. Anterior corners rounded, posterior corners blunt. Lateral margins widely explanate, wider at corners. Border along basal margin narrow. Pronotal surface smooth, with light transverse impression behind middle, covered with tiny and sparse punctures on sides. Anterior setiferous pore situated slightly below anterior corner, posterior setiferous pore situated on top of posterolateral corner. Scutellum triangular, smooth. Elytra 5 times as long as pronotum and 1.9 times as long as their width at humeral calli, slightly narrowing behind humeral calli and widening posteriorly. Elytral punctures moderately dense, more visible than those of pronotum. Metatibia with thin, small spur. First protarsomere narrow. First metatarsomere longer than three following tarsomeres together. Last abdominal ventrite with three lobes, with rectangular middle lobe. Aedeagus as in Figs 14, 15. Spermatheca as in Fig. 16. Comments: Arthrotus daliensis is similar to A. freyi Gressitt & Kimoto and can be differentiated from it by the round anterior corners of the pronotum (the anterior corners of the pronotum of A. freyi are slightly elongate laterally with a small denticle facing posteriorly), small punctures of the pronotum (the pronotum of A. freyi is covered with large and coarse punctures), the black tibiae (the tibiae of A. freyi are orange at least in part), and the shape of the aedeagus. Etymology: The species name refers to its type locality.
description: Published as part of Lopatin, I. K. & Konstantinov, A. S., 2009, New genera and species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from China and South Korea, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2083 (1) on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5321822
Causal Inference on Multivariate and Mixed Type Data
Creators: name: Marx, Alexander
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: How can we discover whether X causes Y , or vice versa, that Y causes X, when we are only given a sample over their joint distribution? How can we do this such that X and Y can be univariate, multivariate, or of different cardinalities? And, how can we do so regardless of whether X and Y are of the same, or of different data type, be it discrete, numeric, or mixed? These are exactly the questions we answer. We take an information theoretic approach, based on the Minimum Description Length principle, from which it follows that first describing the data over cause and then that of effect given cause is shorter than the reverse direction. Simply put, if Y can be explained more succinctly by a set of classification or regression trees conditioned on X, than in the opposite direction, we conclude that X causes Y . Empirical evaluation on a wide range of data shows that our method, Crack, infers the correct causal direction reliably and with high accuracy on a wide range of settings, outperforming the state of the art by a wide margin
Dynamic freezing of strongly correlated ultracold bosons
Creators: name: Mondal, S.
name: Pekker, D.
name: Sengupta, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of ultracold bosons in an optical lattice with a time dependent hopping amplitude J(t)=J_0 +δJ \cos(ωt) which takes the system from a superfluid phase near the Mott-superfluid transition (J= J_0+δJ) to a Mott phase (J=J_0-δJ) and back through a quantum critical point (J=J_c) and demonstrate dynamic freezing of the boson wavefunction at specific values of ω. At these values, the wavefunction overlap F (defect density P=1-F) approaches unity (zero). We provide a qualitative explanation of the freezing phenomenon, show it's robustness against quantum fluctuations and the presence of a trap, compute residual energy and superfluid order parameter for such dynamics, and suggest experiments to test our theory.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, fixed several typos
Stochastic Complexity for Testing Conditional Independence on Discrete Data
Creators: name: Marx, Alexander
name: Vreeken, Jilles
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Testing for conditional independence is a core aspect of constraint-based causal discovery. Although commonly used tests are perfect in theory, they often fail to reject independence in practice, especially when conditioning on multiple variables. We focus on discrete data and propose a new test based on the notion of algorithmic independence that we instantiate using stochastic complexity. Amongst others, we show that our proposed test, SCI, is an asymptotically unbiased as well as L2 consistent estimator for conditional mutual information (CMI). Further, we show that SCI can be reformulated to find a sensible threshold for CMI that works well on limited samples. Empirical evaluation shows that SCI has a lower type II error than commonly used tests. As a result, we obtain a higher recall when we use SCI in causal discovery algorithms, without compromising the precision.
Intervertebral Disc Inflammation: The Effect Of Il-1ra Deficiency On Development, Aging And Injury Of The Murine Caudal Intervertebral Disc
Creators: name: Swamy, Ganesh
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Surgery

description: Intervertebral disc inflammation: The effect of IL-1Ra deficiency on development, aging and injury of the murine caudal intervertebral disc Inflammation is a coordinated, balanced and redundant cellular response to threats to homeostasis, and leads to tissue repair and regeneration. In the musculoskeletal system, inflammation is central in such reparative processes as fracture healing and wound repair. Inflammation in the intervertebral disc has been broadly implicated in mainly catabolic or degenerative cellular and matrix processes, and cited as the driver of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. We pursued the hypothesis that increased IL-1 activity accelerates the natural history of IVD degeneration. In this study, we assembled a multi-modal platform to evaluate murine caudal IVD structure (through structured histomorphometry and stereology) and function (through dynamic and elastic biomechanics). We also examined gene expression of whole murine IVD (through QPCR analysis) to evaluate IVD response patterns and localized inflammatory gene expression (through immunohistochemistry). Through detailed study of structure, function and molecular response in vivo, the role of inflammation was contrasted between natural aging in genetically normal mice, mice deficient in IL-1Ra, and in both genotypes in the well-characterized pinprick model. In the first set of investigations, we characterized normal aging of the C57BL/6J caudal IVD, from age 3 to 36 months. In the second set of investigations, we characterized the natural history of IVD changes in the IL-1Ra (-/-) mouse on a C57BL/6J background. In our last set of investigations, we examined the effect of injury via the caudal pinprick injury. When synthesized, there is a predictable structure and functional change in aging caudal IVDs, which is accelerated in IL-1Ra (-/-) mice. Inflammatory gene expression is co-regulated with antagonist genes in the IVD. Despite marked changes in gene expression profiles in injury, wild-type and IL-1Ra (-/-) mice demonstrate similar structural and functional changes. The studies described herein have served to increase the importance of IL-1 related inflammation as a driver of degenerative changes in the IVD, and set the stage for further mechanistic analyses.