cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modeling AGN Feedback in Cool-Core Clusters: The Balance between Heating and Cooling
Creators: name: Li, Yuan
name: Bryan, Greg L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the long-term evolution of an idealized cool-core galaxy cluster under the influence of momentum-driven AGN feedback using three-dimensional high-resolution (60 pc) adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations. The momentum-driven AGN feedback is modeled with a pair of (small-angle) precessing jets, and the jet power is calculated based on the accretion rate of the cold gas in the vicinity of the Supermassive Black Hole (SMBH). The ICM first cools into clumps along the propagation direction of the AGN jets. As the jet power increases, gas condensation occurs isotropically, forming spatially extended (up to a few tens kpc) structures that resemble the observed $\rm Hα$ filaments in Perseus and many other cool-core cluster. Jet heating elevates the gas entropy and cooling time, halting clump formation. The cold gas that is not accreted onto the SMBH settles into a rotating disk of $\sim 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$. The hot gas cools directly onto the cold disk while the SMBH accretes from the innermost region of the disk, powering the AGN that maintains a thermally balanced steady state for a few Gyr. The mass cooling rate averaged over 7 Gyr is $\sim 30$ M$_{\odot}$/yr, an order of magnitude lower than the classic cooling flow value (which we obtain in runs without the AGN). Medium resolution simulations produce similar results, but when the resolution is lower than 0.5 kpc, the cluster experiences cycles of gas condensation and AGN outbursts. Owing to its self-regulating mechanism, AGN feedback can successfully balance cooling with a wide range of model parameters. Besides suppressing cooling, our model produces cold structures in early stages (up to $\sim 2$ Gyr) that are in good agreement with the observations. However, the long-lived massive cold disk is unrealistic, suggesting that additional physical processes are still needed.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, emulateapj format. Submitted to ApJ
The EDMR Microscope - Combining Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy with Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance
Creators: name: Klein, Konrad
name: Hauer, Benedikt
name: Stoib, Benedikt
name: Trautwein, Markus
name: Matich, Sonja
name: Huebl, Hans
name: Astakhov, Oleksandr
name: Finger, Friedhelm
name: Bittl, Robert
name: Stutzmann, Martin
name: Brandt, Martin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the design and implementation of a scanning probe microscope, which combines electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and (photo-)conductive atomic force microscopy ((p)cAFM). The integration of a 3-loop 2-gap X-band microwave resonator into an AFM allows the use of conductive AFM tips as a movable contact for EDMR experiments. The optical readout of the AFM cantilever is based on an infrared laser to avoid disturbances of current measurements by absorption of straylight of the detection laser. Using amorphous silicon thin film samples with varying defect densities, the capability to detect a spatial EDMR contrast is demonstrated. Resonant current changes as low as 20 fA can be detected, allowing the method to realize a spin sensitivity of 8*10^6 spins/Hz^0.5 at room temperature.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Assessing the Impact of the Ukraine War on South Korea ’s Hedging Strategy
Creators: name: Hamza, Morgane
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hedging Strategy
subject: Middle Powers
subject: South Korea
subject: ROK-US Alliance
subject: Exogenous Shock
subject: Ukraine War
subject: North Korea
subject: Nuclearization
subject: National Discourse
subject: Public Opinion

description: The practice of international relations extends beyond bandwagoning and balancing. In between these approaches lies hedging, often characterized as a behavior exhibited by small states during periods of relative peace. This paper argues that hedging can also be adopted by middle powers when they find themselves surrounded by threats and competition, as evidenced by the case of South Korea and its current hedging strategy. The aim is to explore South Korea’s transition from a strategy of soft hedging to one of hard hedging vis-à-vis the United States. The argument is as follows: In addition to the growing aggressiveness from North Korea, the Ukraine War has acted as an exogenous shock, prompting South Korea to recognize its vulnerabilities. This shock has influenced three key mechanisms: 1) The perception and need of the United States. 2) The national discourse. 3) Public opinion on nuclearization and the ROK-US alliance. These mechanisms, in turn, are expected to create variations within South Korea’s national defense program, revealing a hedging behavior that aligns with what Scott A. Snyder might define as “internationalization plus autonomy".
A hierarchy of noncanonical Hamiltonian systems: circulation laws in an extended phase space
Creators: name: Yoshida, Z.
name: Morrison, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The dynamics of an ideal fluid or plasma is constrained by topological invariants such as the circulation of (canonical) momentum or, equivalently, the flux of the vorticity or magnetic fields. In the Hamiltonian formalism, topological invariants restrict the orbits to submanifolds of the phase space. While the coadjoint orbits have a natural symplectic structure, the global geometry of the degenerate (constrained) Poisson manifold can be very complex. Some invariants are represented by the center of the Poisson algebra (i.e., the Casimir elements such as the helicities), and then, the global structure of phase space is delineated by Casimir leaves. However, a general constraint is not necessarily integrable, which precludes the existence of an appropriate Casimir element; the circulation is an example of such an invariant. In this work, we formulate a systematic method to embed a Hamiltonian system in an extended phase space; we introduce mock fields and extend the Poisson algebra so that the mock fields are Lie-dragged by the flow vector. A mock field defines a new Casimir element, a cross helicity, which represents topological constraints including the circulation. Unearthing a Casimir element brings about immense advantage in the study of dynamics and equilibria -- the so-called energy-Casimir method becomes ready available. Yet, a mock field does not a priori have a physical meaning. Here we proffer an interpretation of a Casimir element obtained, e.g., by such a construction as an adiabatic invariant associated with a hidden "microscopic" angle variable, and in this way give the mock field a physical meaning. We proceed further and consider a perturbation of the Hamiltonian by a canonical pair, composed of the Casimir element and the angle, that causes the topological constraint to be unfrozen. The theory is applied to the tearing modes of MHD.
Cosmological signatures of tilted isocurvature perturbations: reionization and 21cm fluctuations
Creators: name: Sekiguchi, Toyokazu
name: Tashiro, Hiroyuki
name: Silk, Joseph
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate cosmological signatures of uncorrelated isocurvature perturbations whose power spectrum is blue-tilted with spectral index 2
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Die Beteiligung der Slowakischen Evangelischen Kirche in der CSSR am konziliaren Prozeß
Creators: name: Michalko, Ján
Publisher: name: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Bd. 36 (1989): Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Band 36
Hybrid Simulator for Space Docking and Robotic Proximity Operations
Creators: name: Aghili, Farhad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we present a hybrid simulator for space docking and robotic proximity operations methodology. This methodology also allows for the emulation of a target robot operating in a complex environment by using an actual robot. The emulation scheme aims to replicate the dynamic behavior of the target robot interacting with the environment, without dealing with a complex calculation of the contact dynamics. This method forms a basis for the task verification of a flexible space robot. The actual emulating robot is structurally rigid, while the target robot can represent any class of robots, e.g., flexible, redundant, or space robots. Although the emulating robot is not dynamically equivalent to the target robot, the dynamical similarity can be achieved by using a control law developed herein. The effect of disturbances and actuator dynamics on the fidelity and the contact stability of the robot emulation is thoroughly analyzed.
Emission line diagnostics for accretion and outflows in young very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
Creators: name: Stelzer, B.
name: Alcala, J. M.
name: Whelan, E.
name: Scholz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss accretion and outflow properties of three very low-mass young stellar objects based on broad-band mid-resolution X-Shooter/VLT spectra. Our targets (FU TauA, 2M 1207-39, and Par-Lup3-4) have spectral types between M5 and M8, ages between 1 Myr and ~10 Myr, and are known to be accreting from previous studies. The final objective of our project is the determination of mass outflow to accretion rate for objects near or within the substellar regime as a probe for the T Tauri phase of brown dwarfs and the investigation of variability in the accretion and outflow processes.
description: 6 pages, to appear in Proceedings of the conference "Physics at the Magnetospheric Boundary" (Geneva, June 2013)
A Skeleton-based Approach For Rock Crack Detection Towards A Climbing Robot Application
Creators: name: Roberts, Josselin Somerville
name: Giacomelli, Paul-Emile
name: Gozlan, Yoni
name: Di, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conventional wheeled robots are unable to traverse scientifically interesting, but dangerous, cave environments. Multi-limbed climbing robot designs, such as ReachBot, are able to grasp irregular surface features and execute climbing motions to overcome obstacles, given suitable grasp locations. To support grasp site identification, we present a method for detecting rock cracks and edges, the SKeleton Intersection Loss (SKIL). SKIL is a loss designed for thin object segmentation that leverages the skeleton of the label. A dataset of rock face images was collected, manually annotated, and augmented with generated data. A new group of metrics, LineAcc, has been proposed for thin object segmentation such that the impact of the object width on the score is minimized. In addition, the metric is less sensitive to translation which can often lead to a score of zero when computing classical metrics such as Dice on thin objects. Our fine-tuned models outperform previous methods on similar thin object segmentation tasks such as blood vessel segmentation and show promise for integration onto a robotic system.
Exact and asymptotic features of the edge density profile for the one component plasma in two dimensions
Creators: name: Can, T.
name: Forrester, P. J.
name: Tellez, G.
name: Wiegmann, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a well known analogy between the Laughlin trial wave function for the fractional quantum Hall effect, and the Boltzmann factor for the two-dimensional one-component plasma. The latter requires analytic continuation beyond the finite geometry used in its derivation. We consider both disk and cylinder geometry, and focus attention on the exact and asymptotic features of the edge density. At the special coupling Γ:= q^2/k_BT=2 the system is exactly solvable. In particular the k-point correlation can be written as a k \times k determinant, allowing the edge density to be computed to first order in Γ- 2. A double layer structure is found, which in turn implies an overshoot of the density as the edge of the leading support is approached from inside the plasma. Asymptotic analysis shows that the deviation from the leading order (step function) value is different for into the plasma than for outside. For general Γ, a Gaussian fluctuation formula is used to study the large deviation form of the density for N large but finite. This asymptotic form involves thermodynamic quantities which we independently study, and moreover an appropriate scaling gives the asymptotic decay of the limiting edge density outside of the plasma.
description: 36 pages, 6 figures
Exploring Anisotropic Lorentz Invariance Violation from the Spectral-Lag Transitions of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Wei, Jin-Nan
name: Liu, Zi-Ke
name: Wei, Jun-Jie
name: Zhang, Bin-Bin
name: Wu, Xue-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed spectral lags of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been widely used to explore possible violations of Lorentz invariance. However, these studies were generally performed by concentrating on the rough time lag of a single highest-energy photon and ignoring the intrinsic time lag at the source. A new way to test nonbirefringent Lorentz-violating effects has been proposed by analyzing the multi-photon spectral-lag behavior of a GRB that displays a positive-to-negative transition. This method gives both a plausible description of the intrinsic energy-dependent time lag and comparatively robust constraints on Lorentz-violating effects. In this work, we conduct a systematic search for Lorentz-violating photon dispersion from the spectral-lag transition features of 32 GRBs. By fitting the spectral-lag data of these 32 GRBs, we place constraints on a variety of isotropic and anisotropic Lorentz-violating coefficients with mass dimension $d=6$ and $8$. While our dispersion constraints are not competitive with existing bounds, they have the promise to complement the full coefficient space.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables. Published by Universe. Constribution to the Special Issue "Advances in Astrophysics and Cosmology-in Memory of Prof. Tan Lu"
The Type Ia supernovae rate with Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey
Creators: name: Okumura, Jun E.
name: Ihara, Yutaka
name: Doi, Mamoru
name: Morokuma, Tomoki
name: Pain, Reynald
name: Totani, Tomonori
name: Barbary, Kyle
name: Takanashi, Naohiro
name: Yasuda, Naoki
name: Aldering, Greg
name: Dawson, Kyle
name: Goldhaber, Gerson
name: Hook, Isobel
name: Lidman, Chris
name: Perlmutter, Saul
name: Spadafora, Anthony
name: Suzuki, Nao
name: Wang, Lifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the rates of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae derived from the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). We carried out repeat deep imaging observations with Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope, and detected 1040 variable objects over 0.918 deg$^2$ in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. From the imaging observations, light curves in the observed $i'$-band are constructed for all objects, and we fit the observed light curves with template light curves. Out of the 1040 variable objects detected by the SXDS, 39 objects over the redshift range $0.2 < z < 1.4$ are classified as Type Ia supernovae using the light curves. These are among the most distant SN Ia rate measurements to date. We find that the Type Ia supernova rate increase up to $z \sim 0.8$ and may then flatten at higher redshift. The rates can be fitted by a simple power law, $r_V(z)=r_0(1+z)^α$ with $r_0=0.20^{+0.52}_{-0.16}$(stat.)$^{+0.26}_{-0.07}$(syst.)$\times 10^{-4} {\rm yr}^{-1}{\rm Mpc}^{-3}$, and $α=2.04^{+1.84}_{-1.96}$(stat.)$^{+2.11}_{-0.86}$(syst.).
description: 21 pages, 16 figures, accepted to PASJ
title: The use of mobile health in the management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Creators: name: Alwashmi, Meshari Fahad
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: The prevalence and mortality rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are increasing worldwide. Therefore, COPD remains a major public health problem. Using an mobile health (mHealth) intervention has the potential to enhance COPD treatment outcomes while mitigating healthcare costs. However, the complexity of the process of developing an mHealth intervention for COPD management is poorly understood, and in-depth assessment of the development process of mHealth interventions for COPD management is currently lacking. This thesis advances our understanding of how to apply the human-centered design process when developing an mHealth intervention for COPD management. The thesis is composed of the following five interconnected journal articles: 1. A systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and quantify the effect of mHealth interventions on patients with COPD; 2. A qualitative study to explore the perceptions of healthcare providers regarding an mHealth intervention for COPD management; 3. A mixed methods study to explore the perceptions of patients with COPD regarding an mHealth intervention for COPD management; 4. A qualitative study to identify the features of an mHealth intervention for COPD management; and, 5. A mixed methods approach, the iterative convergent design, to guide the usability testing process for mHealth interventions. The outcomes of this research contribute to knowledge about the use of mHealth in COPD management. Firstly, this thesis provides an overview of the effectiveness of mHealth in COPD management. Secondly, it provides an understanding of how to actively and efficiently involve users in the design and development of health information technology. Thirdly, it provides recommendations regarding the features of an mHealth intervention to enhance COPD management. Lastly, it proposes a mixed methods framework for mHealth usability testing. The application of the proposed methods is demonstrated using different case studies. This program of research highlights the process of developing an mHealth intervention for COPD management. Application of the findings could help others in the field to further investigate the development of mHealth interventions in this area.
X-ray cross-correlation analysis of liquid crystal membranes in the vicinity of hexatic-smectic phase transition
Creators: name: Kurta, R. P.
name: Ostrovskii, B. I.
name: Singer, A.
name: Gorobtsov, O. Y.
name: Shabalin, A.
name: Dzhigaev, D.
name: Yefanov, O. M.
name: Zozulya, A. V.
name: Sprung, M.
name: Vartanyants, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an x-ray study of liquid crystal membranes in the vicinity of hexatic-smectic phase transition by means of angular x-ray cross-correlation analysis (XCCA). By applying two-point angular intensity cross-correlation functions to the measured series of diffraction patterns the parameters of bond-orientational (BO) order in hexatic phase were directly determined. The temperature dependence of the positional correlation lengths was analyzed as well. The obtained correlation lengths show larger values for the higher-order Fourier components of BO order. These findings indicate a strong coupling between BO and positional order that has not been studied in detail up to now.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 25 references
title: Phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Stenosigma Giordani Soika, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) based on morphological data
Creators: name: Ferreira, Wellington Donizet
name: Hermes, Marcel Gustavo
Publisher: name: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung
Year: 2020

description: Stenosigma Giordani Soika, 1990 is a small Neotropical genus of potter wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an interesting distributional pattern and a recent revision published. Unfortunately, the genus lacks a phylogenetic hypothesis with all species included — one major impediment for future biogeographic studies and hypotheses for evolutionary scenarios. Therefore, a phylogenetic treatment would help enlighten the history of this Neotropical wasp genus. We present the first phylogeny of Stenosigma based on cladistic methods using morphological data including all seven currently recognized species. We also give an overview of the distribution of the Stenosigma species and correlate the distribution pattern with the two major clades identified in the phylogeny.
Two-electron reduction of ethylene carbonate: a quantum chemistry re-examination of mechanisms
Creators: name: Leung, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Passivating solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) films arising from electrolyte decomposition on low-voltage lithium ion battery anode surfaces are critical for battery operations. We review the recent theoretical literature on electrolyte decomposition and emphasize the modeling work on two-electron reduction of ethylene carbonate (EC, a key battery organic solvent). One of the two-electron pathways, which releases CO gas, is re-examined using simple quantum chemistry calculations. Excess electrons are shown to preferentially attack EC in the order (broken EC^-) > (intact EC^-) > EC. This confirms the viability of two electron processes and emphasizes that they need to be considered when interpreting SEI experiments. An estimate of the crossover between one- and two-electron regimes under a homogeneous reaction zone approximation is proposed.
description: 6 figures. We regret that they look odd with this graphics package
Further results on regular Fredholm pairs and chains
Creators: name: Boasso, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47A13, secondary 47A53

description: The main objective of the present article is to characterize regular Fredholm pairs and chains in terms of Fredholm operators.
description: 8 pages, original research article
Exploring Low Luminosity Quasar Diversity at z ~ 2.5 with the Gran Telescopio Canarias
Creators: name: Sulentic, J. W.
name: del Olmo, A.
name: Marziani, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results from a pencil-beam spectroscopic survey of low-luminosity quasars at z ~ 2.2-2.5. Our goal is to compare these sources with low redshift analogues of similar luminosity. High s/n and moderate resolution spectra were obtained for 15 sources using the faint object spectrograph Osiris on the 10m Gran Telescopio Canarias. The new data make possible an almost unprecedented comparison between sources with the same (moderate) luminosity at widely different cosmic epochs. Preliminary analysis of our spectra confirms the presence of a relatively evolved population of quasars radiating at modest Eddington ratios. A notable difference between the low and high z quasars may involve the presence of lower metallicity quasars at high redshift.
description: Accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research. Contributed talk presented at the 9th Serbian Conference on Spectral Line Shapes in Astrophysics (SCSLSA) held in Banja Koviliaca, on May 13-17, 2013. Minor corrections from previous version
The Bose-Hubbard model is QMA-complete
Creators: name: Childs, Andrew M.
name: Gosset, David
name: Webb, Zak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Bose-Hubbard model is a system of interacting bosons that live on the vertices of a graph. The particles can move between adjacent vertices and experience a repulsive on-site interaction. The Hamiltonian is determined by a choice of graph that specifies the geometry in which the particles move and interact. We prove that approximating the ground energy of the Bose-Hubbard model on a graph at fixed particle number is QMA-complete. In our QMA-hardness proof, we encode the history of an n-qubit computation in the subspace with at most one particle per site (i.e., hard-core bosons). This feature, along with the well-known mapping between hard-core bosons and spin systems, lets us prove a related result for a class of 2-local Hamiltonians defined by graphs that generalizes the XY model. By avoiding the use of perturbation theory in our analysis, we circumvent the need to multiply terms in the Hamiltonian by large coefficients.
Modular Controllers Facilitate the Co-Optimization of Morphology and Control in Soft Robots
Creators: name: Mertan, Alican
name: Cheney, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Soft robotics is a rapidly growing area of robotics research that would benefit greatly from design automation, given the challenges of manually engineering complex, compliant, and generally non-intuitive robot body plans and behaviors. It has been suggested that a major hurdle currently limiting soft robot brain-body co-optimization is the fragile specialization between a robot's controller and the particular body plan it controls, resulting in premature convergence. Here we posit that modular controllers are more robust to changes to a robot's body plan. We demonstrate a decreased reduction in locomotion performance after morphological mutations to soft robots with modular controllers, relative to those with similar global controllers - leading to fitter offspring. Moreover, we show that the increased transferability of modular controllers to similar body plans enables more effective brain-body co-optimization of soft robots, resulting in an increased rate of positive morphological mutations and higher overall performance of evolved robots. We hope that this work helps provide specific methods to improve soft robot design automation in this particular setting, while also providing evidence to support our understanding of the challenges of brain-body co-optimization more generally.
description: Accepted at the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2023 complex systems track as a full paper
IceCube: Neutrino Physics from GeV - PeV
Creators: name: Halzen, Francis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An update on recent discoveries by the IceCube project, which transforms approximately one cubic kilometer of natural Antarctic ice into a Cherenkov detector. This paper will be submitted to SLAC for inclusion in the Snowmass2013 proceedings
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, submitted as a Snowmass white paper
Organic Electronics in Biosensing: A Promising Frontier for Medical and Environmental Applications
Creators: name: Kaushal, Jyoti Bala
name: Raut, Pratima
name: Kumar, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The promising field of organic electronics has ushered in a new era of biosensing technology, offering a promising frontier for applications in both medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the remarkable progress and potential of organic electronics in biosensing applications. It explores the multifaceted aspects of organic materials and devices, highlighting their unique advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and low-cost fabrication. The paper delves into the diverse range of biosensors enabled by organic electronics, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermo sensors, showcasing their versatility in detecting biomolecules, pathogens, and environmental pollutants. Furthermore, integrating organic biosensors into wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is discussed, offering real-time, remote, and personalized monitoring solutions. The review also addresses the current challenges and prospects of organic biosensing, emphasizing the potential for breakthroughs in personalized medicine, environmental sustainability, and the advancement of human health and well-being.
description: 39 pages, 14 figures
Elastic properties of eta carbide (eta-Fe2C) from ab initio calculations. Application to cryogenically treated gear steel
Creators: name: Oila, Adrian
name: Lung, Chi
name: Bull, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic properties of eta-Fe2C (eta carbide) have been determined from ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The isotropic polycrystalline elastic modulus of eta-Fe2C has been calculated as the average of anisotropic single-crystal elastic constants determined from the ab initio simulations. The calculated polycrystalline elastic modulus was used to compute the elastic modulus of a case carburised gear steel subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT) and deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). This value was then compared with experimental values obtained from nanoindentation. The results confirmed that the changes in elastic modulus observed in the DCT steel can be attributed to the precipitation of eta-Fe2C. No changes in hardness have been observed between the SCT steel and the DCT steel. These data were then used to assess the surface contact fatigue behaviour of the SCT and DCT steels tested under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) conditions.
Improved Stability Design of Interconnected Distributed Generation Resources
Creators: name: Saadeh, Mahmood
name: McCann, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work provides a design method for achieving a specified level of stability for inverter-based interconnected distributed generation. The stability of parallel connected distributed energy resources determined from a linearized state-space model of the inverter dynamics that includes the admittance matrix of the interconnecting distribution lines. Each inverter uses a localized droop control scheme with the associated voltage and frequency measurements obtained through the application of an enhanced phase locked loop. Previous work on this topic has focused on single inverters connected to an infinite bus without modeling of delays from a phase locked loop implementation. This proposed method overcomes both of these limitations of previous research. A detailed large-signal simulation of a three-bus interconnected power system is analyzed under two different network admittance values. Results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed stability design method.
description: 6 pages, 12 figures, IEEE North American Power Symposium
Ground State Phase Diagram of Generic XY Pyrochlore Magnets with Quantum Fluctuations
Creators: name: Wong, Anson W. C.
name: Hao, Zhihao
name: Gingras, Michel J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental and theoretical progress on the Er2Ti2O7 pyrochlore XY antiferromagnet, we study the problem of quantum order-by-disorder in pyrochlore XY systems. We consider the most general nearest-neighbor pseudo spin-1/2 Hamiltonian for such a system characterized by anisotropic spin-spin couplings J_e = [J_\pm, J_{\pm\pm}, J_{z\pm}, J_{zz}] and construct zero-temperature phase diagrams. Combining symmetry arguments and spin-wave calculations, we show that the ground state phase boundaries between the two candidate ground states of the Γ_5 irreducible representation, the ψ_2 and ψ_3 (basis) states, are rather accurately determined by a cubic equation in J_{\pm}J_{\pm\pm})/J_{z\pm}^2. Depending on the value of J_{zz}, there can be one or three phase boundaries that separate alternating regions of ψ_2 and ψ_3 states. In particular, we find for sufficiently small J_{zz}/J_{\pm} a narrow ψ_2 sliver sandwiched between two ψ_3 regions in the J_{\pm\pm}/J_\pm vs J_{z\pm}/J_\pm phase diagram. Our results further illustrate the very large potential sensitivity of the ground state of XY pyrochlore systems to minute changes in their spin Hamiltonian. Using the experimentally determined J_3 and g-tensor values for Er2Ti2O7, we show that the heretofore neglected long-range 1/r^3 magnetostatic dipole-dipole interactions do not change the conclusion that Er2Ti2O7 has a ψ_2 ground state induced via a quantum order-by-disorder mechanism. We propose that the CdDy2Se4 chalcogenide spinel, in which the Dy^{3+} ions form a pyrochlore lattice and may be XY-like, could prove interesting to investigate.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Version is the same as the published one, within epsilon
title: A Tangled Web
title: The Dynamics of Endosymbiotic Infections in a Linyphiid Spider
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Rosenwald, Laura
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science

description: Many arthropods are infected with bacterial endosymbionts that manipulate host reproduction, but few bacterial taxa have been shown to cause such manipulations. Mermessus fradeorum (Linyphiidae) is a sheet-weaving spider that displays both feminization and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). To correlate reproductive manipulations to endosymbionts, I surveyed the bacterial community of M. fradeorum using high throughput sequencing and found that individuals can be infected with up to five different strains of bacteria from the genera Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Rickettsiella. Rickettsiella was found in all 23 tested spider matrilines. I used antibiotic curing to generate uninfected matrilines that I reciprocally crossed with individuals infected with Rickettsiella. Only 13% of eggs hatched when uninfected females were mated with Rickettsiella-infected males, while at least 83% of eggs hatched in the other cross types. This is the first documentation of Rickettsiella, or any Gammaproteobacteria, causing CI. I then characterized symbiotypes of M. fradeorum in central Kentucky to determine the variation in endosymbiotic community composition among host populations. Overall, regional populations of M. fradeorum share endosymbiont strains, but the frequency of infection varied among populations. These results suggest that endosymbiotic infections of M. fradeorum are dynamic and that populations are composed of a mixture of symbiont-induced phenotypes.
description: © 2020 Laura Cecilia Rosenwald
Gesetz und Evangelium als die theologische Grundlage für die Friedensarbeit der Kirchen
Creators: name: Cleve, Fredric
Publisher: name: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Bd. 36 (1989): Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Band 36
High Energy X-Ray Detection OF G359.89-0.08 (Sgr A-E): Magnetic Flux Tube Emission Powered By Cosmic Rays?
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuo
name: Hailey, Charles J.
name: Baganoff, Frederick K.
name: Bauer, Franz E.
name: Boggs, Steven E.
name: Craig, William W.
name: Christensen, Finn E.
name: Gotthelf, Eric V.
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
name: Mori, Kaya
name: Nynka, Melania
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Zhang, William W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of high-energy X-ray (E>10 keV) emission from the Galactic Center non-thermal filament G359.89-0.08 (Sgr A-E) using data acquired with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). The bright filament was detected up to ~50 keV during a NuSTAR Galactic Center monitoring campaign. The featureless power-law spectrum with a photon index of ~2.3 confirms a non-thermal emission mechanism. The observed flux in the 3-79 keV band is ~ 2.0e-12 erg/cm^2/s, corresponding to an unabsorbed X-ray luminosity of ~2.6e34 erg/s assuming a distance of 8.0 kpc. Based on theoretical predictions and observations, we conclude that Sgr A-E is unlikely to be a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) or supernova remnant-molecular cloud (SNR-MC) interaction, as previously hypothesized. Instead, the emission could be due to a magnetic flux tube which traps TeV electrons. We propose two possible TeV electron sources: old PWNe (up to ~100 kyr) with low surface brightness and radii up to ~30 pc or molecular clouds (MCs) illuminated by cosmic rays (CRs) from CR accelerators such as SNRs or Sgr A*.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Temperature stratification of the atmosphere of Arcturus
Creators: name: Sheminova, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief overview of the results of the investigations of the red giant star Arcturus is given. One-dimensional LTE modeling of the atmospheres of Arcturus and the Sun as a star is carried out on the basis of synthesis of the extended wings of the H and K Ca II lines. It is found that the local continuum in this spectral region is underestimated by an average of 12% in the atlases of Arcturus. The average deficit in UV absorption amounts to 43% for Arcturus whereas it is 9% for the Sun. For Arcturus the correction factor to the continuum opacity at the wavelengths of 390.0, 392.5, 395.0, 398.0, and 400.0 nm equals 2.20, 1.90, 1.70, 1.55, and 1.45. The model atmosphere of Arcturus obtained from the best-fit of the wings of the H and K Ca II lines corresponds to the model atmosphere with the fundamental parameters T_eff = 4286 K, log g = 1.66, and [Fe/H]=-0.52 derived by Ramirez and Allende Prieto (2011). The temperature stratification of Arcturus' atmosphere is presented in tabular form. To obtain more accurate temperature stratification in the future, we need a high spectral resolution spectrum calibrated to absolute fluxes with high accuracy.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, published in Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh Tel, 2013, Vol. 29, no. 4, P. 31-60 (in Russian); Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies 2013, Vol. 29, no. 4, P. 176-194 (in English)
Summations by parton showers of large logarithms in electron-positron annihilation
Creators: name: Nagy, Zoltan
name: Soper, Davison E.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: quantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory
parton: showers
electron positron: annihilation
thrust
resummation
perturbative QCD
parton shower

description: In a companion publication, we have explored how to examine the summation of large logarithms in a parton shower. Here, we apply this general program to the thrust distribution in electron-positron annihilation, using several shower algorithms. The method is to work with an appropriate integral transform of the distribution for the observable of interest. Then, we reformulate the parton shower calculation so as to obtain the transformed distribution as an exponential for which we can compute the terms in the perturbative expansion of the exponent.
Understanding, Predicting and Better Resolving Q-Value Divergence in Offline-RL
Creators: name: Yue, Yang
name: Lu, Rui
name: Kang, Bingyi
name: Song, Shiji
name: Huang, Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The divergence of the Q-value estimation has been a prominent issue in offline RL, where the agent has no access to real dynamics. Traditional beliefs attribute this instability to querying out-of-distribution actions when bootstrapping value targets. Though this issue can be alleviated with policy constraints or conservative Q estimation, a theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanism causing the divergence has been absent. In this work, we aim to thoroughly comprehend this mechanism and attain an improved solution. We first identify a fundamental pattern, self-excitation, as the primary cause of Q-value estimation divergence in offline RL. Then, we propose a novel Self-Excite Eigenvalue Measure (SEEM) metric based on Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) to measure the evolving property of Q-network at training, which provides an intriguing explanation of the emergence of divergence. For the first time, our theory can reliably decide whether the training will diverge at an early stage, and even predict the order of the growth for the estimated Q-value, the model's norm, and the crashing step when an SGD optimizer is used. The experiments demonstrate perfect alignment with this theoretic analysis. Building on our insights, we propose to resolve divergence from a novel perspective, namely improving the model's architecture for better extrapolating behavior. Through extensive empirical studies, we identify LayerNorm as a good solution to effectively avoid divergence without introducing detrimental bias, leading to superior performance. Experimental results prove that it can still work in some most challenging settings, i.e. using only 1 transitions of the dataset, where all previous methods fail. Moreover, it can be easily plugged into modern offline RL methods and achieve SOTA results on many challenging tasks. We also give unique insights into its effectiveness.
description: 31 pages, 20 figures
A Finite Algorithm for the Realizabilty of a Delaunay Triangulation
Creators: name: Agrawal, Akanksha
name: Saurabh, Saket
name: Zehavi, Meirav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The \emph{Delaunay graph} of a point set $P \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$ is the plane graph with the vertex-set $P$ and the edge-set that contains $\{p,p'\}$ if there exists a disc whose intersection with $P$ is exactly $\{p,p'\}$. Accordingly, a triangulated graph $G$ is \emph{Delaunay realizable} if there exists a triangulation of the Delaunay graph of some $P \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$, called a \emph{Delaunay triangulation} of $P$, that is isomorphic to $G$. The objective of \textsc{Delaunay Realization} is to compute a point set $P \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$ that realizes a given graph $G$ (if such a $P$ exists). Known algorithms do not solve \textsc{Delaunay Realization} as they are non-constructive. Obtaining a constructive algorithm for \textsc{Delaunay Realization} was mentioned as an open problem by Hiroshima et al.~\cite{hiroshima2000}. We design an $n^{\mathcal{O}(n)}$-time constructive algorithm for \textsc{Delaunay Realization}. In fact, our algorithm outputs sets of points with {\em integer} coordinates.
The central mass and mass-to-light profile of the Galactic globular cluster M15
Creators: name: Brok, Mark den
name: van de Ven, Glenn
name: Bosch, Remco van den
name: Watkins, Laura L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze line-of-sight velocity and proper motion data of stars in the Galactic globular cluster M15 using a new method to fit dynamical models to discrete kinematic data. Our fitting method maximizes the likelihood for individual stars and, as such, does not suffer the same loss of spatial and velocity information incurred when spatially binning data or measuring velocity moments. In this paper, we show that the radial variation in M15 of the mass-to-light ratio is consistent with previous estimates and theoretical predictions, which verifies our method. Our best-fitting axisymmetric Jeans models do include a central dark mass of $\sim2 \pm 1\cdot 10^3M_\odot$, which can be explained by a high concentration of stellar remnants at the cluster center. This paper shows that, from a technical point of view and with current computing power, spatial binning of data is no longer necessary. This not only leads to more accurate fits, but also avoids biased mass estimates due to the loss of resolution. Furthermore, we find that the mass concentration in M15 is significantly higher than previously measured, and is in close agreement with theoretical predictions for core-collapsed globular clusters without a central intermediate-mass black hole.
description: Accepted by MNRAS; 8 pages, 7 figures
Dynamiques globales et locales dans un réseau de télécommunications
Creators: name: Stattner, Erick
name: Collard, Martine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional network generation models attempt to replicate global structural properties (degree distribution, average distance, clustering coefficient, communities, etc.) through synthetic link formation mechanisms such as triadic closure or preferential attachment. In this work, we study the evolution of a very big communication network coming from mobile telephony and we analyse the link formation process. A first study conducted on the standard mechanisms allows observing that several mechanisms are responsible for the properties observed in this network. In a second study, we characterize more precisely the link formation process by searching for correlations between the probability of creating a new link and some individual properties such as the degree, the clustering coefficient and the age of the nodes.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Conf\'erence MARAMI 2013
Off-shell duality invariance of Schwarzschild perturbation theory
Creators: name: Solomon, Adam R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the duality invariance of the Maxwell and linearized Einstein-Hilbert actions on a non-rotating black hole background. On shell these symmetries are electric-magnetic duality and Chandrasekhar duality, respectively. Off shell they lead to conserved quantities; we demonstrate that one of the consequences of these conservation laws is that even- and odd-parity metric perturbations have equal Love numbers. Along the way we derive an action principle for the Fackerell-Ipser equation and Teukolsky-Starobinsky identities in electromagnetism.
description: 38+7 pages. v2: verson published in Particles (special issue "Selected Papers from Testing Gravity 2023")