Spermophilus F. Cuvier 1825
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Spermophilus

description: Spermophilus F. Cuvier 1825
Spermophilus F. Cuvier 1825, Dentes des Mammiferes: 255.
Type Species: Mus citellus Linnaeus 1766
Synonyms: Anisonyx Rafinesque 1817; Arctomys Schreber 1780; Citellus Oken 1816; Citillus Lichtenstein 1830; Colobates Milne-Edwards 1874; Colobotis Brandt 1844; Ictidomoides Mearns 1907; Notocitellus A. H. Howell 1938; Otocolobus Brandt 1844; Spermatophilus Wagler 1830; Spermophilis Richardson 1839; Urocitellus Obolenskij 1927.
Species and subspecies: 41 species with 105 subspecies in 6 subgenera:
Subgenus Spermophilus (Spermophilus) F. Cuvier 1825
Subgenus Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) Brandt 1844
Subgenus Spermophilus (Xerospermophilus) Merriam 1892
Subgenus Spermophilus (Ictidomys) J. A. Allen 1877
Subgenus Spermophilus (Poliocitellus) A. H. Howell 1938
Subgenus Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) Merriam 1897
Species Spermophilus adocetus Merriam 1903
Subspecies Spermophilus adocetus subsp. adocetus Merriam 1903
Subspecies Spermophilus adocetus subsp. infernatus Alvarez and Ramírez-P. 1968
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) alashanicus Büchner 1888
Species Spermophilus annulatus Audubon and Bachman 1842
Subspecies Spermophilus annulatus subsp. annulatus Audubon and Bachman 1842
Subspecies Spermophilus annulatus subsp. goldmani Merriam 1902
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) armatus Kennicott 1863
Species Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) atricapillus W. Bryant 1889
Species Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi Richardson 1829
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi subsp. beecheyi Richardson 1829
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi subsp. douglasii Richardson 1829
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi subsp. fisheri Merriam 1893
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi subsp. nesioticus Elliot 1904
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi subsp. nudipes Huey 1931
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi subsp. parvulus A. H. Howell 1931
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi subsp. rupinarum Huey 1931
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi subsp. sierrae A. H. Howell 1938
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) beldingi Merriam 1888
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) beldingi subsp. beldingi Merriam 1888
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) beldingi subsp. creber Hall 1940
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) beldingi subsp. oregonus Merriam 1898
Species Spermophilus brevicauda Brandt 1843
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) brunneus A. H. Howell 1928
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) canus Merriam 1898
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus (Linnaeus 1766)
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus subsp. citellus Linnaeus 1766
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus subsp. gradojevici Martino 1929
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus subsp. istricus Calinescu 1934
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus subsp. martinoi Peshchev 1955
Species Spermophilus columbianus (Ord 1815)
Subspecies Spermophilus columbianus subsp. columbianus Ord 1815
Subspecies Spermophilus columbianus subsp. ruficaudus A. H. Howell 1928
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) dauricus Brandt 1843
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) elegans Kennicott 1863
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) elegans subsp. elegans Kennicott 1863
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) elegans subsp. aureus Davis 1939
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) elegans subsp. nevadensis A. H. Howell 1928
Species Spermophilus erythrogenys Brandt 1841
Species Spermophilus (Poliocitellus) franklinii (Sabine 1822)
Species Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein 1823)
Subspecies Spermophilus fulvus subsp. fulvus Lichtenstein 1823
Subspecies Spermophilus fulvus subsp. hypoleucos Satunin 1909
Subspecies Spermophilus fulvus subsp. oxianus Thomas 1915
Species Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis (Say 1823)
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. lateralis Say 1823
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. arizonensis V. Bailey 1913
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. bernardinus Merriam 1898
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. castanurus Merriam 1890
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. certus Goldman 1921
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. chrysodeirus Merriam 1890
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. cinerascens Merriam 1890
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. connectens A. H. Howell 1931
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. mitratus A. H. Howell 1931
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. tescorum Hollister 1911
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. trepidus Taylor 1910
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. trinitatus Merriam 1901
Subspecies Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) lateralis subsp. wortmani J. A. Allen 1895
Species Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) madrensis Merriam 1901
Species Spermophilus major (Pallas 1778)
Species Spermophilus (Ictidomys) mexicanus (Erxleben 1777)
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) mexicanus subsp. mexicanus Erxleben 1777
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) mexicanus subsp. parvidens Mearns 1896
Species Spermophilus (Xerospermophilus) mohavensis Merriam 1889
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) mollis Kennicott 1863
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) mollis subsp. mollis Kennicott 1863
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) mollis subsp. artemesiae Merriam 1913
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) mollis subsp. idahoensis Merriam 1913
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) musicus Ménétries 1832
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) pallidicauda Satunin 1903
Species Spermophilus parryii Richardson 1825
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. parryii Richardson 1825
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. ablusus Osgood 1903
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. kennicottii Ross 1861
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. kodiacensis J. A. Allen 1874
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. leucostictus Brandt 1844
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. lyratus Hall and Gilmore 1932
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. nebulicola Osgood 1903
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. osgoodi Merriam 1900
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. plesius Osgood 1900
Subspecies Spermophilus parryii subsp. stejnegeri J. A. Allen 1903
Species Spermophilus (Ictidomys) perotensis Merriam 1893
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) pygmaeus (Pallas 1778)
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) pygmaeus subsp. pygmaeus Pallas 1778
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) pygmaeus subsp. brauneri Martino 1914
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) pygmaeus subsp. herbicolus Martino 1914
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) pygmaeus subsp. mugosaricus Lichtenstein 1823
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) ralli Kuznetsov 1948
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) relictus Kashkarov 1923
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) richardsonii (Sabine 1822)
Species Spermophilus (Callospermophilus) saturatus Rhoads 1895
Species Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma Bennett 1833
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. spilosoma Bennett 1833
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. altiplanensis Anderson 1972
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. ammophilus Hoffmeister 1959
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. annectens Merriam 1893
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. bavicorensis Anderson 1972
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. cabrerai Dalquest 1951
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. canescens Merriam 1890
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. cryptospilotus Merriam 1890
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. marginatus V. Bailey 1902
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. obsoletus Kennicott 1863
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. oricolus Alvarez 1962
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. pallescens A. H. Howell 1928
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) spilosoma subsp. pratensis Merriam 1890
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) suslicus (Guldenstaedt 1770)
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) suslicus subsp. suslicus Guldenstaedt 1770
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) suslicus subsp. boristhenicus Pusanov 1958
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) suslicus subsp. guttatus Pallas 1770
Species Spermophilus (Xerospermophilus) tereticaudus Baird 1858
Subspecies Spermophilus (Xerospermophilus) tereticaudus subsp. tereticaudus Baird 1858
Subspecies Spermophilus (Xerospermophilus) tereticaudus subsp. apricus Huey 1927
Subspecies Spermophilus (Xerospermophilus) tereticaudus subsp. chlorus Elliot 1904
Subspecies Spermophilus (Xerospermophilus) tereticaudus subsp. neglectus Merriam 1889
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) townsendii Bachman 1839
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) townsendii subsp. townsendii Bachman 1839
Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) townsendii subsp. nancyae Nadler 1968
Species Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus (Mitchill 1821)
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. tridecemlineatus Mitchill 1821
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. alleni Merriam 1898
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. arenicola A. H. Howell 1928
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. blanca Armstrong 1971
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. hollisteri V. Bailey 1913
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. monticola A. H. Howell 1928
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. olivaceous J. A. Allen 1895
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. pallidus J. A. Allen 1874
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. parvus J. A. Allen 1895
Subspecies Spermophilus (Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus subsp. texensis Merriam 1898
Species Spermophilus undulatus (Pallas 1778)
Subspecies Spermophilus undulatus subsp. undulatus Pallas 1778
Subspecies Spermophilus undulatus subsp. altaica Brandt 1841
Subspecies Spermophilus undulatus subsp. jacutensis Brandt 1844
Subspecies Spermophilus undulatus subsp. menzbieri Ognev 1937
Subspecies Spermophilus undulatus subsp. stramineus Obolenskii 1927
Subspecies Spermophilus undulatus subsp. transbaikalicus Obolenskii 1927
Species Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus (Erxleben 1777)
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus subsp. variegatus Erxleben 1777
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus subsp. buckleyi Slack 1861
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus subsp. couchii Baird 1855
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus subsp. grammurus Say 1823
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus subsp. robustus Durrant and Hansen 1954
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus subsp. rupestris J. A. Allen 1903
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus subsp. tularosae Benson 1932
Subspecies Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) variegatus subsp. utah Merriam 1903
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) washingtoni A. H. Howell 1938
Species Spermophilus (Spermophilus) xanthoprymnus Bennett 1835
Discussion: Tribe Marmotini (Moore, 1959). Citellus Oken, 1816 has been widely used, but is invalid (Corbet, 1978 c:82; Hershkovitz, 1949 b). Includes Otospermophilus, Xerospermophilus, Ictidomys, Poliocitellus, Callospermophilus, and Spermophilus as subgenera (Hall, 1981:382); Gromov et al. (1965) gave the first three taxa generic rank, and considered Poliocitellus a subgenus of Ictidomys, while placing Callospermophilus and Otospermophilus as sister subgenera under genus Otospermophilus. North American species revised by A. H. Howell (1938). Eurasian species revised by Gromov et al. (1965) who also recognized Colobotis and Urocitellus as subgenera; but see Hall (1981:382), who included them in subgenus Spermophilus. Holarctic species reviewed by Nadler et al. (1982, 1984). A key to the genus was given by Rickart and Yensen (1991).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 754-818 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 803, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535