cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gametocyte Carriage, Antimalarial Use, and Drug Resistance in Cambodia, 2008-2014
Creators: name: Smith, Philip
name: Fukuda, Mark
name: Saunders, David
name: Thay, Khengheng
name: Chann, Soklyda
name: Takala-Harrison, Shannon
name: Gosi, Panita
name: Chaorattanakawee, Suwanna
name: Lin, Jessica T.
name: Buathong, Nillawan
name: Sea, Darapiseth
name: Samon, Nou
name: Patel, Jaymin C.
name: Lon, Chanthap
name: Spring, Michele
name: Wojnarski, Mariusz
name: Huy, Rekol
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Gametocytes are the malaria parasite stages responsible for transmission from humans to mosquitoes. Gametocytemia often follows drug treatment, especially as therapies start to fail. We examined Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage and drug resistance profiles among 824 persons with uncomplicated malaria in Cambodia to determine whether prevalent drug resistance and antimalarial use has led to a concentration of drug-resistant parasites among gametocyte carriers. Although report of prior antimalarial use increased from 2008 to 2014, the prevalence of study participants presenting with microscopic gametocyte carriage declined. Gametocytemia was more common in those reporting antimalarial use within the past year, and prior antimalarial use was correlated with higher IC50s to piperaquine and mefloquine, as well as to increased pfmdr1 copy number. However, there was no association between microscopic gametocyte carriage and parasite drug resistance. Thus, we found no evidence that the infectious reservoir, marked by those carrying gametocytes, is enriched with drug-resistant parasites.
Generalised Structures for $\mathcal{N}=1$ AdS Backgrounds
Creators: name: Coimbra, André
name: Strickland-Constable, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We expand upon a claim made in a recent paper [arXiv:1411.5721] that generic minimally supersymmetric AdS backgrounds of warped flux compactifications of Type II and M theory can be understood as satisfying a straightforward weak integrability condition in the language of $E_{d(d)}\times\mathbb{R}^+$ generalised geometry. Namely, they are spaces admitting a generalised $G$-structure set by the Killing spinor and with constant singlet generalised intrinsic torsion.
description: 12 pages
title: Funnel Beaker Culture in Action. Early and Middle Neolithic Monumentality in Southwestern Scania, Sweden (4000-3000 cal BC)
Creators: name: Andersson, Magnus
name: Artursson, Magnus
name: Brink, Kristian
Publisher: name: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
Year: 2022

description: One of the most discussed issues in European archaeology is the significance and context of monumentality and the construction of long barrows and megaliths in the Neolithic. The construction of monuments in Neolithic Europe can, due to their often significant size and complexity, be interpreted as signs of collective building efforts, but the social and political background may vary from more egalitarian to highly stratified societies. During the last 20 years of surveys and archaeological excavations in southwest Scania, Sweden, new archaeological results have been produced, revealing many hitherto unknown settlements, central places for feasting, long barrows, megaliths, free-standing façades and other types of monumental constructions. This has disclosed a much more complex picture of the Early Neolithic (4000–3300 cal BC) Funnel Beaker Culture societies in the region. Large-scale excavations have documented a hierarchy of monumental places in Early Neolithic southern Scandinavia, probably reflecting different uses of monuments, mirroring a social hierarchy in polities. Recently, another central place has been excavated at Flackarp, south of Lund, Sweden, containing at least nine dolmens and free-standing façades, further supporting this hypothesis.
description: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 24 (2022)
Does living in a 20-minute neighbourhood impact food shopping behaviours?
Creators: name: Oostenbach, Laura
name: Burnett, Alissa
name: Lamb, Karen
name: Thornton, Lukar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cities worldwide (e.g., Portland, Paris, Melbourne) have adopted the planning concept of x-minute neighbourhoods to foster local and healthy living through the provision of everyday services within a x-minute (typically a 15- or 20-minute) walk or cycle from home. Whilst a range of lifestyle benefits have been projected, evidence as to whether they promote healthy local living is generally lacking. Given the emphasis on benefits related to diet and physical activity behaviours, we examined whether living in a 20-minute neighbourhood (20MN) impacts where people grocery shop and what transport mode they use to access their main supermarket. Data were from 769 participants from the 2018-2019 Places and Locations for Activity and Nutrition study (ProjectPLAN) conducted in Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia. Neighbourhood service address points in Victoria and South Australia were sourced and geocoded. The 20MN concept was operationalised based on Plan Melbourne urban planning document, with 20MNs defined as areas with access to five layers of key services: healthy food, community facilities (e.g., schools), recreation facilities (gyms), public open spaces and public transport. Non-20MNs had access to few individual attributes within these layers. Outcomes were distance from home and transport mode to primary visited supermarket. Comparisons were made between participants living in 20MNs and non-20MNs. Median distance to primary supermarket was shorter in 20MNs (Melbourne: 1.4 km, Adelaide: 1.4 km) than in non-20MNs (Melbourne: 3.4 km, Adelaide: 3.0 km). Modelling indicated that participants in 20MNs travelled 51% (95% CI: 42-60%) and 57% (95% CI: 49-64%) shorter distances than those in non-20MNs in Melbourne and Adelaide, respectively. Whilst travelling by car was the most common transport mode to access primary supermarket across both neighbourhood types, a lower percentage of participants travelled by car in 20MNs than non-20MNs (Melbourne: 62% vs. 94%, Adelaide: 78% vs. 98%). A higher percentage of participants in 20MNs typically walked to their primary supermarket compared to non-20MNs (Melbourne: 30% vs. 1%, Adelaide: 19% vs. 1%). The use of cycling as a mode of transport was almost absent across both 20MNs (Melbourne: 4%, Adelaide: 1%) and non-20MNs (Melbourne: 1%, Adelaide: 1%). Our findings suggest 20MNs offer opportunities for greater engagement with local food stores. Whilst walking to primary supermarket is more common in 20MNs, car use remains a dominant form of transport. Further research is warranted to understand how to effectively promote non-motorised forms of transport when shopping for food.
(103837) Mary Woollam
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Association of a novel mutation in the plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter with decreased piperaquine sensitivity
Creators: name: Parobek, C.M.
name: Lanteri, C.A.
name: Moser, K.A.
name: Saunders, D.L.
name: Shetty, A.C.
name: Juliano, J.J.
name: Morton, L.
name: Chaorattanakawee, S.
name: Takala-Harrison, S.
name: Agrawal, S.
name: Parihar, A.
name: Fidock, D.A.
name: Plowe, C.V.
name: Jacob, C.G.
name: Lin, J.T.
name: Cummings, M.P.
name: Henrich, P.P.
name: Jongsakul, K.
name: Spring, M.D.
name: Lon, C.
name: Huy, R.
name: Fukuda, M.M.
name: Drabek, E.F.
name: Silva, J.C.
name: Dwivedi, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background. Amplified copy number in the plasmepsin II/III genes within Plasmodium falciparum has been associated with decreased sensitivity to piperaquine. To examine this association and test whether additional loci might also contribute, we performed a genome-wide association study of ex vivo P. falciparum susceptibility to piperaquine. Methods. Plasmodium falciparum DNA from 183 samples collected primarily from Cambodia was genotyped at 33 716 genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Linear mixed models and random forests were used to estimate associations between parasite genotypes and piperaquine susceptibility. Candidate polymorphisms were evaluated for their association with dihydroartemisinin- piperaquine treatment outcomes in an independent dataset. Results. Single nucleotide polymorphisms on multiple chromosomes were associated with piperaquine 90% inhibitory concentrations (IC90) in a genome-wide analysis. Fine-mapping of genomic regions implicated in genome-wide analyses identified multiple SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with each other that were significantly associated with piperaquine IC90, including a novel mutation within the gene encoding the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT. This mutation (F145I) was associated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment failure after adjusting for the presence of amplified plasmepsin II/III, which was also associated with decreased piperaquine sensitivity. Conclusions. Our data suggest that, in addition to plasmepsin II/III copy number, other loci, including pfcrt, may also be involved in piperaquine resistance.
(103840) Charlotte Strong
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Erstellung einer Übungseinheit zur Anwendung von HEC-RAS 2D
Creators: name: Wartusch, Johanna
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: Diese Arbeit enthält eine Anleitung über die verschiedenen Arbeitsschritte der Erstellung eines 2D-HN-Modells, seiner Anwendung sowie der Ergebnisdarstellung innerhalb des Programms HEC-RAS. Diese Anleitung wird durch ein Beispielprojekt exemplarisch vorgeführt sowie durch eine Screencastreihe begleitet. Es wird zunächst auf die Entwicklungsgeschichte und die innere Struktur des Programms sowie auf vorbereitende Schritte für ein Projekt eingegangen. Es wird die Implementierung eines Geländemodells, von Luftbildern, Landnutzungsinformationen, Rauheitsbeiwerten sowie von Infiltration thematisiert. Anschließend werden die Schritte zur Modifikation eines Geländemodells zur Darstellung eines realistischen Gewässerlaufs sowie weitere Geländeanpassungen erläutert. Es wird auf die Erstellung eines Berechnungsnetzes mit Verfeinerungszonen und Bruchkanten sowie auf das Modellieren von Wasserbauwerken wie Wehre, Durchlässe und Brücken eingegangen. Weiterhin wird das Erstellen von Rand- und Anfangsbedingungen sowie das Durchführen einer hydraulischen Simulation mit den dafür notwendigen Parametern erklärt. Ebenso wird das Durchführen einer hydraulischen Simulation mit Feststofftransport sowie die zugehörigen Parameter erläutert. Zuletzt thematisiert diese Arbeit die Methoden der Ergebnisvisualisierung in HEC-RAS und die Arbeitsschritte der Kalibrierung, Validierung sowie der Sensitivitätsanalyse. Durch die kostenfreie Verfügbarkeit, eine nutzerfreundliche Oberfläche sowie einen großen Funktionsumfang eignet sich HEC-RAS besonders für die Anwendung in Lehre und Studium.
Reply to Gonçalves et al
Creators: name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Lin, Jessica T.
name: Lon, Chanthap
name: Saunders, David L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: TO THE EDITOR—We agree with Goncalves et al that our study was restricted to treat-ment-seeking persons with symptomatic falciparum malaria. As such, the study did not assess the relative infectiousness of what may well be a larger, asymptom-atic, and often submicroscopic malaria transmission reservoir. The absence of studies on the infectiousness of asym-ptomatic persons with submicroscopic malariainlow-transmissionsettings yields little evidence for or against tar-geting these populations as a strategy to accelerate malaria elimination; indeed, further evaluation is warranted.
Direct Inversion of Digital 3D Fraunhofer Holography Maps
Creators: name: Podorov, Sergey G.
name: Förster, Eckhart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Differential Fourier Holography (DFH) gives an exact mathematical solution of the inverse problem of diffraction in the Fraunhofer regime. After the first publication [1] the Differential Fourier Holography was successfully applied in many experiments to obtain amplitude and phase information about two-dimensional (2D) images. In this article we demonstrate numerically the possibility to apply the DFH also for investigation of unknown 3D Objects. The first simulation is made for a double-spiral structure plus a line as a reference object.
Plasmodium vivax isolates from Cambodia and Thailand show high genetic complexity and distinct patterns of P. vivax multidrug resistance gene 1 ( pvmdr1) polymorphisms
Creators: name: Schuster, A.L.
name: Kharabora, O.
name: Sattabongkot, J.
name: Juliano, J.J.
name: Lin, J.T.
name: Rogers, W.O.
name: Wongsrichanalai, C.
name: Patel, J.C.
name: Ubalee, R.
name: Muth, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Plasmodium vivax accounts for an increasing fraction of malaria infections in Thailand and Cambodia. We compared P. vivax genetic complexity and antimalarial resistance patterns in the two countries. Use of a heteroduplex tracking assay targeting the merozoite surface protein 1 gene revealed that vivax infections in both countries are frequently polyclonal (84%), with parasites that are highly diverse (HE = 0.86) but closely related (GST = 0.18). Following a history of different drug policies in Thailand and Cambodia, distinct patterns of antimalarial resistance have emerged: most Cambodian isolates harbor the P. vivax multidrug resistance gene 1 (pvmdr1) 976F mutation associated with chloroquine resistance (89% versus 8%, P < 0.001), whereas Thai isolates more often display increased pvmdr1 copy number (39% versus 4%, P < 0.001). Finally, genotyping of paired isolates from individuals suspected of suffering relapse supports a complex scheme of relapse whereby recurrence of multiple identical variants is sometimes accompanied by the appearance of novel variants.
Dixella Dyar & Shannon 1924
Creators: name: Huerta, Herón
name: Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Dixidae
Dixella

description: Genus Dixella Dyar & Shannon, 1924 Type species: Dixa lirio Dyar & Shannon, 1924
description: Published as part of Huerta, Herón & Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, 2023, Description of a new species of Dixella from a cloud forest in Tlanchinol, Hidalgo and first record of Dixella aliciae (Johannsen) in Mexico (Diptera: Dixidae), pp. 153-162 in Zootaxa 5353 (2) on page 154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/8427184
description: {"references": ["Dyar, H. G. & Shannon, R. C. (1924) Some new species of American Dixa Meigen (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 12, 193 - 201."]}
Toroidal optical activity
Creators: name: Raybould, T. A.
name: Fedotov, V. A.
name: Papasimakis, N.
name: Kuprov, I.
name: Youngs, I.
name: Chen, W. T.
name: Tsai, D. P.
name: Zheludev, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical activity is ubiquitous across natural and artificial media and is conventionally understood in terms of scattering from electric and magnetic moments. Here we demonstrate experimentally and confirm numerically a type of optical activity that cannot be attributed to electric and magnetic multipoles. We show that our observations can only be accounted for by the inclusion of the toroidal dipole moment, the first term of the recently established peculiar family of toroidal multipoles.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
(103842) Henry Symonds
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Artesunate dose escalation for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in a region of reported artemisinin resistance: A randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Se, Y.
name: Teja-Isavadharm, P.
name: Lin, J.
name: Bethell, D.
name: Ruttvisutinunt, W.
name: Fukuda, M.M.
name: Smith, B.
name: Timmermans, A.
name: Gosi, P.
name: Kuntawungin, W.
name: Schaecher, K.
name: Darapiseth, S.
name: Khemawoot, P.
name: Lon, C.
name: Saunders, D.
name: Sriwichai, S.
name: Socheat, D.
name: Tyner, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Background: The emergence of artemisinin resistance has raised concerns that the most potent antimalarial drug may be under threat. The currently recommended daily dose of artesunate (AS) is 4 mg/kg, and is administered for 3 days together with a partner antimalarial drug. This study investigated the impact of different AS doses on clinical and parasitological responses in malaria patients from an area of known artemisinin resistance in western Cambodia. Methods: Adult patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were randomized into one of three 7-day AS monotherapy regimens: 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg/day (total dose 14, 28 and 42 mg/kg). Clinical, parasitological, pharmacokinetic and in vitro drug sensitivity data was collected over a 7-day inpatient period and during weekly follow-up to 42 days. Results: 143 patients were enrolled (n = 75, 40 and 28 to receive AS 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg/day respectively). Cure rates were high in all treatment groups at 42 days despite almost half the patients remaining parasitemic on Day 3. There was no impact of increasing AS dose on median parasite clearance times, median parasite clearance rates or on the proportion of patients remaining parasitemic on Day 3. However at the lowest dose used (2 mg/kg/d) patients with parasitemia >10,000/μL had longer median (IQR) parasite clearance times than those with parasitemia <10,000/μL (63 (48-75) vs. 84 (66-96) hours, p<0.0001). 19% of patients in the high-dose arm developed neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <1.0×109/L) by Day 14 and resulted in the arm being halted early. Conclusion: There is no pharmacodynamic benefit of increasing the daily dose of AS (4mg/kg) currently recommended for short-course combination treatment of uncomplicated malaria, even in regions with emerging artemisinin resistance, as long as the partner drug retains high efficacy.
New Ekpyrotic Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Lehners, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ekpyrotic instantons describe the emergence of classical contracting universes out of the no-boundary quantum state. However, up to now these instantons ended in a big crunch singularity. We remedy this by adding a higher-derivative term, allowing a ghost condensate to form. This causes a smooth, non-singular bounce from the contracting phase into an expanding, kinetic-dominated phase. Remarkably, and although there is a non-trivial evolution during the bounce, the wavefunction of the universe is "classical" in a WKB sense just as much after the bounce as before. These new non-singular instantons can thus form the basis for a fully non-singular and calculable ekpyrotic history of the universe, from creation until now.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Experimental infection of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles darlingi by human patient-derived Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon
Creators: name: Llanos-Cuentas, A.
name: Lin, J.
name: Bharti, A.R.
name: Chuquiyauri, R.
name: Stancil, J.
name: Vinetz, J.M.
name: Brouwer, K.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes is modulated by human host immune factors. Understanding mechanisms by which the human host response may impair parasite infectivity for mosquitoes has direct implications for the development of transmission-blocking vaccines. We hypothesized that despite a low transmission intensity of malaria in the Peruvian Amazon region of Iquitos, transmission-blocking immunity against Plasmodium vivax might be common, given an unexpectedly high proportion of asymptomatic parasitemic individuals in this region. To test this hypothesis, the ability of symptomatic P. vivax malaria patients to experimentally infect wild-caught outbred Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes was tested using the indirect membrane feeding technique. Only half (52/102) of P. vivax parasitemic patients successfully infected mosquitoes. Transmitters were more likely to have gametocytes (OR 6.35, P = 0.003), high parasitemia (OR 3.79, P = 0.024), and, in terms of basic clinical parameters, a slower pulse rate (mean ± SD: 82.3 ± 12.3 versus 88.7 ± 13.5, P = 0.016) than non-transmitters. Log10 gametocytemia and log10 real-time reverse transcriptase Pvs25 PCR quantifying gametocytes were significantly and positively correlated with oocyst counts (correlation coefficient 0.505, R2 = 0.26, P = 0.001). These experiments are the first to establish a system of determining transmission patterns in experimental infection of outbred natural neotropical malaria vectors in the Amazon region. Patients with P. vivax inefficiently infect outbred An. darlingi mosquitoes, raising the possibility that some degree of naturally occurring transmission-blocking immunity is present on a population basis in the Peruvian Amazon, an area of low intensity of malaria transmission.
Connecting the Dots: Tracking Galaxy Evolution Using Constant Cumulative Number Density at 3
Creators: name: Jaacks, Jason
name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Nagamine, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamical code GADGET-3 we make a realistic assessment of the technique of using constant cumulative number density as a tracer of galaxy evolution at high redshift. We find that over a redshift range of $3\leq z \leq7$ one can on average track the growth of the stellar mass of a population of galaxies selected from the same cumulative number density bin to within $\sim 0.20$ dex. Over the stellar mass range we probe ($10^{10.39}\leq M_s/M_\odot \leq 10^{10.75}$ at $z =$ 3 and $10^{8.48}\leq M_s/M_\odot \leq 10^{9.55}$ at $z =$ 7) one can reduce this bias by selecting galaxies based on an evolving cumulative number density. We find the cumulative number density evolution exhibits a trend towards higher values which can be quantified by simple linear formulations going as $-0.10Δz$ for descendants and $0.12Δz$ for progenitors. Utilizing such an evolving cumulative number density increases the accuracy of descendant/progenitor tracking by a factor of $\sim2$. This result is in excellent agreement, within $0.10$ dex, with abundance matching results over the same redshift range. However, we find that our more realistic cosmological hydrodynamic simulations produce a much larger scatter in descendant/progenitor stellar masses than previous studies, particularly when tracking progenitors. This large scatter makes the application of either the constant cumulative number density or evolving cumulative number density technique limited to average stellar masses of populations only, as the diverse mass assembly histories caused by stochastic physical processes such as gas accretion, mergers, and star formation of individual galaxies will lead to a larger scatter in other physical properties such as metallicity and star-formation rate.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Capacity-Maximizing Dynamic User Association in Double RIS-Aided Broadcast Networks
Creators: name: Vahid, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce an information-theoretic framework to dynamically pair up different reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with wireless users with goal of maximizing the fundamental network capacity. We focus on a double RIS-aided broadcast packet network with two users. We show using a dynamic RIS-user association and an opportunistic protocol, the network capacity could be significantly enhanced and superior to other benchmarks with static associations. The results include new outer-bounds on network capacity and their achievability. We discuss the optimal RIS-user association.
description: under review
Women in Male-Dominated Careers: Interactions Between Early Career Experiences of Tokenism and Future Career Trajectories
Creators: name: Gerlach, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: While the number of women in the workforce continues to increase, research suggests their mere presence does not necessarily equate to influence within organizations. Research also highlights a culture of psychological gender inequity which permeates many organizations. My research aims to build on this foundation of gender inequity research by linking early career “token” status to future career decision making. To do so, I developed a survey targeting young professionals (5-10 years out of college), which assessed gender inequity measures (tokenism, “bro” culture, acceptance, inclusion, etc.) in connection to future career trajectory decisions (planned pivots, gender consideration of new organizations, industry switches, etc.). The objective of my research is to identify linkages between these two areas that may increase our understanding of potential best practices for further developing inclusive organizational culture.

Through my research, I found that women in male-dominated fields were more likely to consider gender balance of their new teams when changing jobs, compared with women in more balanced gender environments and males in male-dominated fields. Furthermore, I found that gender makeup predicts gender balance preferences through the experience of tokenism.
Astrometric planet search around southern ultracool dwarfs III. Discovery of a brown dwarf in a 3-year orbit around DE0630-18
Creators: name: Sahlmann, J.
name: Lazorenko, P. F.
name: Segransan, D.
name: Martin, E. L.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Udry, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using astrometric measurements obtained with the FORS2/VLT camera, we are searching for low-mass companions around 20 nearby ultracool dwarfs. With a single-measurement precision of 0.1 milli-arcseconds, our survey is sensitive to a wide range of companion masses from planetary companions to binary systems. Here, we report the discovery and orbit characterisation of a new ultracool binary at a distance of 19.5 pc from Earth that is composed of the M8.5-dwarf primary DE0630-18 and a substellar companion. The nearly edge-on orbit is moderately eccentric (e=0.23) with an orbital period of 1120 d, which corresponds to a relative separation in semimajor axis of approximately 1.1 AU. We obtained a high-resolution optical spectrum with UVES/VLT and measured the system's heliocentric radial velocity. The spectrum does not exhibit lithium absorption at 670.8 nm, indicating that the system is not extremely young. A preliminary estimate of the binary's physical parameters tells us that it is composed of a primary at the stellar-substellar limit and a massive brown-dwarf companion. DE0630-18 is a new very low-mass binary system with a well-characterised orbit.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Consistency relations for sharp features in the primordial spectra
Creators: name: Mooij, Sander
name: Palma, Gonzalo A.
name: Panotopoulos, Grigoris
name: Soto, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation of sharp features in the primordial spectra within the framework of effective field theory of inflation, wherein curvature perturbations are the consequence of the dynamics of a single scalar degree of freedom. We identify two sources in the generation of features: rapid variations of the sound speed c_s (at which curvature fluctuations propagate) and rapid variations of the expansion rate H during inflation. With this in mind, we propose a non-trivial relation linking these two quantities that allows us to study the generation of sharp features in realistic scenarios where features are the result of the simultaneous occurrence of these two sources. This relation depends on a single parameter with a value determined by the particular model (and its numerical input) responsible for the rapidly varying background. As a consequence, we find a one-parameter consistency relation between the shape and size of features in the bispectrum and features in the power spectrum. To substantiate this result, we discuss several examples of models for which this one-parameter relation (between c_s and H) holds, including models in which features in the spectra are both sudden and resonant.
description: 39 pages, 5 figures. v2: no changes in the contents, version submitted to JCAP. v3: minor changes, added section 2.5, updated references, accepted by JCAP. v4: corrected equations 2.25 and A.34
SHOULD YOU SHOULD OTHERS: SUSTAINABLE MARKETING’S IMPACT ON BRAND PERCEPTION AND GREEN SPORTSWEAR CONSUMPTION.
Creators: name: Karras, Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Historically, the sportswear industry has paid little attention to issues of sustainability. However, today’s consumers are increasingly incorporating sustainability into their purchasing decisions. Sportswear firms have begun to confront these converging realities with sustainable sportswear products. For these new products to maximally succeed, marketers must apply sustainable marketing best practices. This thesis provides a first look at developing these principals through the use of an experimental consumer perception survey featuring twelve unique stimulus advertisements varying across four brands and three constructs: utilitarian, sustainable assertive, and sustainable gentle product claims. The findings of this research suggest that utilitarian claims, in comparison to sustainable claims, promote higher perceptions of sportswear product quality. Assertive claims exhibit a significant negative impact on consumers’ willingness to recommend sustainable sportswear. Finally, the combination of brand, product, and claim add a complexity to sustainable sportswear introduction that must be met with an intimate understanding of consumers.
Asymmetric nuclear matter in a parity doublet model with hidden local symmetry
Creators: name: Motohiro, Yuichi
name: Kim, Youngman
name: Harada, Masayasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a model to describe dense hadronic matter at zero and finite temperature, based on the parity doublet model of DeTar and Kunihiro, with including the iso-singlet scalar meson $σ$ as well as $ρ$ and $ω$ mesons. We show that, by including a six-point interaction of $σ$ meson, the model reasonably reproduces the properties of the normal nuclear matter with the chiral invariant nucleon mass $m_0$ in the range from $500~{\rm MeV}$ to $900~{\rm MeV}$. Furthermore, we study the phase diagram based on the model, which shows that the value of the chiral condensate drops at the liquid-gas phase transition point and at the chiral phase transition point. We also study asymmetric nuclear matter and find that the first order phase transition for the liquid-gas phase transition disappears in asymmetric matter and that the critical density for the chiral phase transition at non-zero density becomes smaller for larger asymmetry.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
(103839) Susan Nash
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Small-Scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays from Relative Diffusion
Creators: name: Ahlers, Markus
name: Mertsch, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The arrival directions of multi-TeV cosmic rays show significant anisotropies at small angular scales. It has been argued that this small-scale structure can naturally arise from cosmic ray scattering in local turbulent magnetic fields that distort a global dipole anisotropy set by diffusion. We study this effect in terms of the power spectrum of cosmic ray arrival directions and show that the strength of small-scale anisotropies is related to properties of relative diffusion. We provide a formalism for how these power spectra can be inferred from simulations and motivate a simple analytic extension of the ensemble-averaged diffusion equation that can account for the effect.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in ApJL
The mass-metallicity relation of tidal dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Recchi, S.
name: Kroupa, P.
name: Ploeckinger, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dwarf galaxies generally follow a mass-metallicity (MZ) relation, where more massive objects retain a larger fraction of heavy elements. Young tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs), born in the tidal tails produced by interacting gas-rich galaxies, have been thought to not follow the MZ relation, because they inherit the metallicity of the more massive parent galaxies. We present chemical evolution models to investigate if TDGs that formed at very high redshifts, where the metallicity of their parent galaxy was very low, can produce the observed MZ relation. Assuming that galaxy interactions were more frequent in the denser high-redshift universe, TDGs could constitute an important contribution to the dwarf galaxy population. The survey of chemical evolution models of TDGs presented here captures for the first time an initial mass function (IMF) of stars that is dependent on both the star formation rate and the gas metallicity via the integrated galactic IMF (IGIMF) theory. As TDGs form in the tidal debris of interacting galaxies, the pre-enrichment of the gas, an underlying pre-existing stellar population, infall, and mass dependent outflows are considered. The models of young TDGs that are created in strongly pre-enriched tidal arms with a pre-existing stellar population can explain the measured abundance ratios of observed TDGs. The same chemical evolution models for TDGs, that form out of gas with initially very low metallicity, naturally build up the observed MZ relation. The modelled chemical composition of ancient TDGs is therefore consistent with the observed MZ relation of satellite galaxies.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS accepted
Perspectives of Nurses and Physicians on At-home Postpartum Blood Pressure Monitoring
Creators: name: Demers, Samuel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Postpartum patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are at risk for adverse health outcomes related to high blood pressure (BP), so BP monitoring is recommended. Various studies have looked at using at-home methods to obtain BP measurements in this population. The purpose of this study is to learn from the experiences of nurses and physicians that have used these methods to inform future program implementation. Nurses and physicians that interacted with at-home postpartum BP monitoring were invited to participate in a survey and interview in the spring of 2020. A total of two interviews and five survey were completed. Semi-structured interview themes and survey results were summarized. Common themes of the interviews included little concern regarding safety, significant concern eliminating an in-person visit, and nursing will have a major role in implementation. Survey results indicate moderate confidence in accuracy of BPs from at-home measurement and high potential for improved surveillance, especially in disadvantaged populations. Nurses and physicians do not have safety concerns and generally support the further implementation of at-home blood pressure monitoring in postpartum patients. Future studies should gather information from a larger and more diverse sample to gain more insight into this emerging field.

	Keywords: Preeclampsia, pregnancy, hypertension, monitoring, telehealth
(103833) William Musgrave
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Promotes the Survival of Strict Anaerobic Pathogens Under Aerobic Growth Conditions
Creators: name: Metzger, Lisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The cystic fibrosis (CF) airway is characteristically colonized with a mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence also supports a role for strict anaerobes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum as pathogens in the CF airway. These bacteria lack the antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidases, superoxide dismutases and catalases necessary to survive exposure to the reactive oxygen species encountered in the inflamed CF airway environment. Because of this, it is unclear how they can establish an infection in the CF airway. It is the hypothesis of these studies that P. aeruginosa may facilitate the growth of strict anaerobes through metabolic reduction of oxygen in the sequestering environment created by the extracellular polymers associated with mucoid P. aeruginosa. To test this, we performed a series of broth and agar co-cultures of strains of P. aeruginosa, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis in various combinations of growth conditions, including assorted oxygen levels. We determined that F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis require the presence of P. aeruginosa to grow in an aerobic atmosphere. Both strains of P. aeruginosa tested were able to facilitate a significantly greater recovery of anaerobic organisms in broth culture and on agar plates after prolonged exposure to oxygen than the anaerobes produced alone. The protective effects by P. aeruginosa on the anaerobic bacteria may be due to a combination of its use of oxygen in a microenvironment and its formation of a physical barrier around the anaerobic bacteria. Further experimentation must be performed to determine the exact protective functions. The implications of this research could be used in the future to help develop treatments targeting the protective mechanisms to reduce disease in CF hosts.
(103835) Daniel Burges
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Physical characteristics affect biogeochemistry and ecosystem function across Indiana lentic waters
Creators: name: Ritter, Madaline Boardman
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 410203
subject: Ecosystem function

description: Physical traits and the hydrologic setting of lake and wetland environments strongly affect the biogeochemical signature of aquatic ecosystems and their structure and function in the landscape. Natural freshwater ecosystems have a high propensity for carbon capture and storage through aerobic production, sedimentation, and sequestration, yet differing physical characteristics including water depth, lake surface area, and watershed size likely influence the extent to which these processes occur. Anthropogenically modified ecosystems also demonstrate complex function regarding carbon cycles, where the influence of human disturbance heightens nutrients and carbon loads into aquatic systems and leads to unique biochemical regimes. Across Indiana, agricultural practices currently affect around 65 percent of the state’s landscape, while urban development and population growth are expected to expand throughout the state. This trend is modeled throughout the midwestern United States, where the impacts of urban development on aquatic environments is further heightened by expected changes in climate, as storm intensity strengthens, and rainfall increases during certain times of the year. While understudied, there is good reason to believe that Indiana’s lakes and wetlands have incredible variability in carbon processing and carbon quality within and between systems. This variation is influenced by the wide variety of drivers including hydrology, geomorphology, water chemistry, metabolic processes, and redox conditions. The interactive influence of each of these drivers, however, is poorly understood across wide scale gradients. Predicting ecosystem productivity and its relationship with carbon dynamics is therefore an important tool for understanding freshwater ecosystems’ contributions to global fluxes of carbon. The variability within and across midwestern ecosystems creates a challenging, yet critical paradigm to understand the complexities of carbon dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the importance for direct data collection across a stratified gradient of ecosystems. This research shows that 1) human-assigned classifications of system type, including lake, reservoir, and wetland, are useful tools in classifying the metabolic and nutrient regimes of lentic systems, and 2) morphological features including lake depth and watershed area influence the structure of carbon quality throughout the water column. Findings provide valuable information to watershed and lake managers on the importance of different physical drivers in determining water quality across a range of lentic systems.
(103836) Frank Burges
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.