cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mapping extreme-scale alignments of quasar polarization vectors
Creators: name: Hutsemekers, D.
name: Cabanac, R.
name: Lamy, H.
name: Sluse, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a new sample of 355 quasars with significant optical polarization and using complementary statistical methods, we confirm that quasar polarization vectors are not randomly oriented over the sky with a probability often in excess of 99.9%. The polarization vectors appear coherently oriented or aligned over huge (~ 1 Gpc) regions of the sky located at both low (z ~ 0.5) and high (z ~ 1.5) redshifts and characterized by different preferred directions of the quasar polarization. In fact, there seems to exist a regular alternance along the line of sight of regions of randomly and aligned polarization vectors with a typical comoving length scale of 1.5 Gpc. Furthermore, the mean polarization angle \barθ appears to rotate with redshift at the rate of ~ 30\degr per Gpc. The symmetry of the the \barθ -z relation is mirror-like, the mean polarization angle rotating clockwise with increasing redshift in North Galactic hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the South Galactic one. These characteristics make the alignment effect difficult to explain in terms of local mechanisms, namely a contamination by interstellar polarization in our Galaxy. While interpretations like a global rotation of the Universe can potentially explain the effect, the properties we observe qualitatively correspond to the dichroism and birefringence predicted by photon-pseudoscalar oscillation within a magnetic field. Interestingly, the alignment effect seems to be prominent along an axis not far from preferred directions tentatively identified in the CMB maps. Although many questions and more particularly the interpretation of the effect remain open, alignments of quasar polarization vectors appear as a promising new way to probe the Universe and its dark components at extremely large scales.
description: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics; 19 pages, 17 figures. Include Table A1 which will be available via CDS
Fine-Grained Crowd Counting
Creators: name: Wan, Jia
name: Kumar, Nikil Senthil
name: Chan, Antoni B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current crowd counting algorithms are only concerned about the number of people in an image, which lacks low-level fine-grained information of the crowd. For many practical applications, the total number of people in an image is not as useful as the number of people in each sub-category. E.g., knowing the number of people waiting inline or browsing can help retail stores; knowing the number of people standing/sitting can help restaurants/cafeterias; knowing the number of violent/non-violent people can help police in crowd management. In this paper, we propose fine-grained crowd counting, which differentiates a crowd into categories based on the low-level behavior attributes of the individuals (e.g. standing/sitting or violent behavior) and then counts the number of people in each category. To enable research in this area, we construct a new dataset of four real-world fine-grained counting tasks: traveling direction on a sidewalk, standing or sitting, waiting in line or not, and exhibiting violent behavior or not. Since the appearance features of different crowd categories are similar, the challenge of fine-grained crowd counting is to effectively utilize contextual information to distinguish between categories. We propose a two branch architecture, consisting of a density map estimation branch and a semantic segmentation branch. We propose two refinement strategies for improving the predictions of the two branches. First, to encode contextual information, we propose feature propagation guided by the density map prediction, which eliminates the effect of background features during propagation. Second, we propose a complementary attention model to share information between the two branches. Experiment results confirm the effectiveness of our method.
Additional file 1 of Using spatial genetics to quantify mosquito dispersal for control programs
Creators: name: Filipović, Igor
name: Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha
name: Tien, Wei-Ping
name: Razak, Muhammad Aliff Bin Abdul
name: Lee, Caleb
name: Tan, Cheong Huat
name: Devine, Gregor J.
name: Rašić, Gordana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Tampines: the number of female Aedes aegypti caught per week per building. Table S2. Tampines: the number of recovered traps per building. Table S3. Yishun: the number of female Aedes aegypti caught per building. Table S4. Yishun: the number of recovered traps per building. Table S5. IBD-based estimates of the dispersal kernel spread (σ) in Aedes aegypti from Singapore. Table S6. Mantel and partial Mantel tests for non-close-kin data in Tampines and Yishun. Table S7. Entomological data used for the estimation of effective population density in Aedes aegypti (method 3).
How much Uranium is in the Earth? Predictions for geo-neutrinos at KamLAND
Creators: name: Fiorentini, Gianni
name: Lissia, Marcello
name: Mantovani, Fabio
name: Vannucci, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geo-neutrino detection can determine the amount of long-lived radioactive elements within our planet, thus providing a direct test of the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) model and fixing the radiogenic contribution to the terrestrial heat. We present a prediction for the geo-neutrino signal at KamLAND as a function of the Uranium mass in the Earth. The prediction is based on global mass balance, supplemented by a detailed geochemical and geophysical study of the region near the detector. The prediction is weakly dependent on mantle modeling. If BSE is correct, Uranium geo-neutrinos will produce between 25 and 35 events per year and 10^32 protons at Kamioka.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures; minor changes in reply to referees' comments and APS style requirements, version to appear in PRD. In particular, one less figure, Table III and Table IV have been exchanged and last figure is now first to be referenced in order, note added in proofs on recent KamLAND results
Colloidal glass transition observed in confinement
Creators: name: Nugent, Carolyn R.
name: Edmond, Kazem V.
name: Patel, Hetal N.
name: Weeks, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a colloidal suspension confined between two quasi-parallel walls as a model system for glass transitions in confined geometries. The suspension is a mixture of two particle sizes to prevent wall-induced crystallization. We use confocal microscopy to directly observe the motion of colloidal particles. This motion is slower in confinement, thus producing glassy behavior in a sample which is a liquid in an unconfined geometry. For higher volume fraction samples (closer to the glass transition), the onset of confinement effects occurs at larger length scales.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Dirac-Harper Theory for One Dimensional Moiré Superlattices
Creators: name: Timmel, Abigail
name: Mele, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a Dirac Harper model for moiré bilayer superlattices where layer antisymmetric strain periodically modulates the interlayer coupling between two honeycomb lattices in one spatial dimension. Discrete and continuum formulations of this model are analyzed. For sufficiently long moiré period the we find low energy spectra that host a manifold of weakly dispersive bands arising from a hierarchy of momentum and position dependent mass inversions. We analyze their charge distributions, mode count and valley-coherence using exact symmetries of the lattice model and approximate symmetries of a four-flavor version of the Jackiw-Rebbi one dimensional solution.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Bratsiotis, Panagiotis (Hrsg.), Die Orthodoxe Kirche in griechischer Sicht
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 9 Nr. 1 (1960): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 9, Heft 1
Walsh functions, scrambled $(0,m,s)$-nets, and negative covariance: applying symbolic computation to quasi-Monte Carlo integration
Creators: name: Wiart, Jaspar
name: Wong, Elaine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate base $b$ Walsh functions for which the variance of the integral estimator based on a scrambled $(0,m,s)$-net in base $b$ is less than or equal to that of the Monte-Carlo estimator based on the same number of points. First we compute the Walsh decomposition for the joint probability density function of two distinct points randomly chosen from a scrambled $(t,m,s)$-net in base $b$ in terms of certain counting numbers and simplify it in the special case $t$ is zero. Using this, we obtain an expression for the covariance of the integral estimator in terms of the Walsh coefficients of the function. Finally, we prove that the covariance of the integral estimator is negative when the Walsh coefficients of the function satisfy a certain decay condition. To do this, we use creative telescoping and recurrence solving algorithms from symbolic computation to find a sign equivalent closed form expression for the covariance term.
description: 27 pages; Supplementary material at https://wongey.github.io/digital-nets-walsh/
The effect of organic solvents on sol-gel hydroxyapatite and its application as biocoating
Creators: name: Hakimimehr, Dorna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is widely used by the biomedical industry due to its excellent biocdmpatibility. The sol-gel process offers a relatively low temperature procedure to produce hydroxyapatite powders and thin films (<1 μm). The focus of the present study is to investigate the effect of different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) on the sol-gel HAp in the system of triethyl phosphite and calcium nitrate. Xray diffraction analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to investigate the phase evolution and the morphology of the HAp produced in this sol-gel system. Our results show that different organic solvents induce different HAp formation pathway. In methanol and propanol-based systems HAp forms as a result of transformation of intermediate crystalline calcium phosphate phases (such as Ca₃(P0₄)₂ and Ca₂P₂0₇) . Formation of HAp in ethanol-based system is attributed to crystallization from an amorphous, intermediate apatite phase. Titanium substrates were coated using the HAp sol. IR spectroscopy of the coatings revealed that carbonated hydroxyapatite is present in the coating, which is similar to that of the natural bone. In-vitro bioactivity test confirmed the bioactive nature of the coatings while no apparent difference was observed in the bioactivity of the coatings obtained from different solvent systems. The type of solvent, concentration of the solution, and heat treatment time affect the quality of the coatings on stainless steel wires. The coatings obtained from low concentration (1M) methanol-based solution, heat treated at 500°C for a period of 10 minutes were the most satisfactory. Coronary stents were also coated with HAp using this sol-gel system. The coating remained on the stent after the expansion of the stent using an angioplasty balloon.
Additional file 1 of The CARDIA-trial protocol: a multinational, prospective, randomized, clinical trial comparing transthoracic esophagectomy with transhiatal extended gastrectomy in adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) type II
Creators: name: Leers, Jessica M.
name: Knepper, Laura
name: Veen, Arjen Van Der
name: Schröder, Wolfgang
name: Fuchs, Hans
name: Schiller, Petra
name: Hellmich, Martin
name: Zettelmeyer, Ulrike
name: Brosens, Lodewijk A. A.
name: Quaas, Alexander
name: Ruurda, Jelle P.
name: Hillegersberg, Richard Van
name: Bruns, Christiane J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Cancer

description: Additional file 1. The CARDIA trial protocol_appendix. Table 1: Lymphadenectomy. Table of lymph node stations that have to be resected during transthoracic esophagectomy and transhiatal extended gastrectomy, including a definition of each station by the Japan Esophageal Society [15] and Rice et al. [28].
Pionic couplings (g^ and g~) in the static heavy quark limit
Creators: name: Becirevic, D.
name: Blossier, B.
name: Boucaud, Ph.
name: Leroy, J. P.
name: LeYaouanc, A.
name: Pene, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The couplings between the soft pion and the doublet of heavy-light mesons are basic parameters of the ChPT approach to the heavy-light systems. We compute the unquenched (Nf=2) values of two such couplings in the static heavy quark limit: (1) g^, coupling to the lowest doublet of heavy-light mesons, and (2) g~, coupling to the first orbital excitations. A brief description of the calculation together with a short discussion of the results is presented.
description: 6 pages proceedings write-up of the talk presented at Lattice 2005
Beyond Optimal Linear Tax Mechanisms: An Experimental Examination of Damage-Based Ambient Taxes for Nonpoint Polluters
Creators: name: Suter, Jordan F.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Vossler, Christian A.
name: Suter, Jordan F.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Vossler, Christian A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The regulation of nonpoint source water pollution from agriculture is a complex problem characterized by a multiplicity of polluters, informational asymmetries, complex fate and transport processes, and stochastic environmental factors. Taken together, these characteristics make regulatory policy based on individual firm emissions prohibitively costly. To circumvent this issue, economists, beginning with the seminal work of Segerson (1988), have devised economic incentive instruments that assign liabilities based on deviations between the observed ambient water quality level and a specified pollution threshold (Xepapadeas 1991; Horan, Shortle and Abler 1998, 2002; Hansen 1998, 2002). In the special case of a linear damage function, the regulator can optimally set the parameters of Segerson's (1988) incentive scheme solely with information on the damage function. When the damage function is nonlinear, a depiction that likely represents many watersheds, Segerson's incentive scheme is firm-specific, and the regulator must acquire costly firm-specific data on factors such as input use, land management practice, and soil type. Using a linear damage function setting, recent laboratory experimental economics efforts have investigated the ambient-based mechanisms proposed by Segerson, as well as some simple variants (Spraggon 2002, 2004; Poe et al. 2004; Vossler et al. 2005). A fundamental limitaion of this body of research, however, is that has utilized an "optimal design" in which the threshold pollution level for triggering the abient-based policy is set equal to the social optimum. It is therefore unclear whether subjects are optimally responding to the tax and threshold combination, or simply trying to reacting to the focal point created by the threshold. A second limitation of past experimetnal economics research is that, following Segerson, these investigations have utilized the limited case of a linear tax function. While a tax policy is relatively straightforward to apply when damages are linear, the application to real world situations may be limited. A more believable circumstance is that economic damages increase at an increasing rate as ambient pollution levels rise. This paper advances the experimental literature on ambient based pollution mechanisms in two important ways. First, by employing a range of marginal tax rates and threshold levels, we show that subjects do in fact respond optimally to the tax and cutoff combination. Second, by using the damage based tax proposed Hansen (1998) and Horan et al. (1998), we show that aggregate results when the economic damages from ambient water pollution are nonlinear are not significantly different from corresponding results under the linear tax.
The slow heartbeats of an ultra-luminous X-ray source in NGC 3621
Creators: name: Motta, S. E.
name: Marelli, M.
name: Pintore, F.
name: Esposito, P.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: De Luca, A.
name: Israel, G. L.
name: Tiengo, A.
name: Castillo, G. A. Rodríguez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of X-ray observations of 4XMM J111816.0-324910, a transient ultra-luminous X-ray source located in the galaxy NGC 3621. This system is characterised by a transient nature and marked variability with characteristic time-scale of ~3500 s, differently from other ULXs, which in the vast majority show limited intra-observation variability. Such a behaviour is very reminiscent of the so-called heartbeats sometimes observed in the Galactic black hole binary GRS 1915+105, where the variability time-scale is ~10-1000 s. We study the spectral and timing properties of this object and find that overall, once the differences in the variability time-scales are taken into account, they match quite closely those of both GRS 1915+105, and of a number of objects showing heartbeats in their light-curves, including a confirmed neutron star and a super-massive black hole powering an active galactic nucleus. We investigate the nature of the compact object in 4XMM J111816.0-324910 by searching for typical neutron star signatures and by attempting a mass estimate based on different methods and assumptions. Based on the current available data, we are not able to unambiguously determine the nature of the accreting compact object responsible for the observed phenomenology.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 13 pages, 6 figures
Are the spiral arms in the MWC 758 protoplanetary disc driven by a companion inside the cavity?
Creators: name: Calcino, Josh
name: Christiaens, Valentin
name: Price, Daniel J.
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Davis, Tamara M.
name: van der Marel, Nienke
name: Cuello, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spiral arms in protoplanetary discs are thought to be linked to the presence of companions. We test the hypothesis that the double spiral arm morphology observed in the transition disc MWC 758 can be generated by an $\approx 10$ M$_{\rm Jup}$ companion on an eccentric orbit internal to the spiral arms. Previous studies on MWC 758 have assumed an external companion. We compare simulated observations from three dimensional hydrodynamics simulations of disc-companion interaction to scattered light, infrared and CO molecular line observations, taking into account observational biases. The inner companion hypothesis is found to explain the double spiral arms, as well as several additional features seen in MWC 758 -- the arc in the northwest, substructures inside the spiral arms, the cavity in CO isotopologues, and the twist in the kinematics. Testable predictions include detection of fainter spiral structure, detection of a point source south-southeast of the primary, and proper motion of the spiral arms.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, resubmitted to MNRAS
Antiproton-Proton Channels in J/psi Decays
Creators: name: Loiseau, B.
name: Wycech, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent measurements by the BES Collaboration of J/psi decays into a photon and a proton-antiproton pair indicate a strong enhancement at the proton-antiproton threshold not observed in the decays into a neutral pion and a proton-antiproton pair. Is this enhancement due to a proton-antiproton quasi-bound state or a baryonium? A natural explanation follows from a traditional model of proton-antiproton interactions based on G-parity transformation. The observed proton-antiproton structure is due to a strong attraction in the 1S0 state, and possibly to a near-threshold quasi-bound state in the 11S0 wave.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. The antiproton-proton pair being in isospin one in the J/Psi decay into neutral pion-antiproton-proton, the antiproton-proton 1P1 and 3S1 waves have been replaced by the 31P1 and 33S1 ones and Figs. 1 and 2 have been replaced accordingly. Conclusions are unchanged. Most of the content of the paper is published in Phys. Rev. C72, 011001 (2005)
Additional file 2 of Dolphinfish movements in the Eastern Pacific Ocean of Mexico using conventional and electronic tags
Creators: name: Perle, Christopher R.
name: Snyder, Stephanie
name: Wessley Merten
name: Simmons, Melinda
name: Dacey, Justina
name: Rodriguez-Sanchez, Ruben
name: O’Sullivan, John
name: Ortega-Garcia, Sofia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Example of all received transmitted satellite data for fish 111522. No single data source is complete for the duration of the deployment, but collectively, fluctuations in behavior are illustrated. All analyses focused on transmitted time series data.
Forecasting Organic Food Prices: Testing and Evaluating Conditional Predictive Ability
Creators: name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Gubanova, Tatiana
name: Lohr, Luanne
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Gubanova, Tatiana
name: Lohr, Luanne
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Organic farmers, wholesalers, and retailers need reliable price forecasts to improve their decision- making practices. This paper presents a methodology and protocol to select the best-performing method from several time and frequency domain candidates. Weekly farmgate prices for organic fresh produce are used. Forecasting methods are evaluated on the basis of an aggregate accuracy measure and several out-of-sample predictive ability tests. Combining forecasts to improve on individual forecasts is investigated.
Volkov solution for two laser beams and ITER
Creators: name: Pardy, Miroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the solution of the Dirac equation for two plane waves (laser beams) and we determine the modified Compton formula for the scattering of two photons on an alectron. The practical meaning of the two laser beams is, that two laser beams impinging on a targed which is constituted from material in the form of a foam, can replace 100-200 laser beams impinging on a normal targed. It means that the nuclear fusion with two laser beams is realistic in combination with the nuclear reactor such as ITER.
description: 13 pages
Observation of a strongly ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Huh, SeungJung
name: Kim, Kyungtae
name: Kwon, Kiryang
name: Choi, Jae-yoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of strongly ferromagnetic $F=1$ spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of $^7$Li atoms. The condensates are generated in an optical dipole trap without using magnetic Feshbach resonances, so that the condensates have internal spin degrees of freedom. Studying the non-equilibrium spin dynamics, we have measured the ferromagnetic spin interaction energy and determined the $s$-wave scattering length difference among total spin $f$ channels to be $a_{f=2}-a_{f=0} =-18(3)$ Bohr radius. This strong collision-channel dependence leads to a large variation in the condensate size with different spin composition. We were able to excite a radial monopole mode after a spin-flip transition between the $|m_F=0\rangle$ and $|m_F=1\rangle$ spin states. From the experiments, we estimated the scattering length ratio $a_{f=2}/a_{f=0}=0.27(6)$, and determined $a_{f=2}$ = 7(2) and $a_{f=0}$ = 25(5) Bohr radii, respectively. The results indicate the spin-dependent interaction energy of our system is as large as 46$\%$ of the condensate chemical potential.
The Interface between Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity
Creators: name: Chiao, Raymond Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation, as well as the detection, of gravitational radiation by means of charged superfluids is considered. One example of such a "charged superfluid" consists of a pair of Planck-mass-scale, ultracold "Millikan oil drops," each with a single electron on its surface, in which the oil of the drop is replaced by superfluid helium. When levitated in a magnetic trap, and subjected to microwave-frequency electromagnetic radiation, a pair of such "Millikan oil drops" separated by a microwave wavelength can become an efficient quantum transducer between quadrupolar electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. This leads to the possibility of a Hertz-like experiment, in which the source of microwave-frequency gravitational radiation consists of one pair of "Millikan oil drops" driven by microwaves, and the receiver of such radiation consists of another pair of "Millikan oil drops" in the far field driven by the gravitational radiation generated by the first pair. The second pair then back-converts the gravitional radiation into detectable microwaves. The enormous enhancement of the conversion efficiency for these quantum transducers over that for electrons arises from the fact that there exists macroscopic quantum phase coherence in these charged superfluid systems.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures; Lamb medal lecture on January 5, 2006 at the Physics of Quantum Electronics Winter Colloquium at Snowbird, Utah; accepted for publication in J. Mod. Optics
Agricultural Tariff Rate Quotas: Impacts on Market Access
Creators: name: Li, Xianghong
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Li, Xianghong
name: Carter, Colin A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: We study the impacts of the implementation of agricultural tariff rate quotas on market access. A doble-censored Tobit model is specified to examine factors that affect the performance of tariff rate quotas. The results show that both in-quota tariff rates and administrative methods restrict market access and lower quota fill rate. The effect of over-quota tariff, however, is insignificant during the study period.
Mattenberger, Heidi / Schnellmann Werner, Die zwei Gesichter Griechenlands
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 9 Nr. 1 (1960): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 9, Heft 1
K_l3 form factor with two-flavors of dynamical domain-wall quarks
Creators: name: Dawson, C.
name: Izubuchi, T.
name: Kaneko, T.
name: Sasaki, S.
name: Soni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on our calculation of K \to πvector form factor by numerical simulations of two-flavor QCD on a 16^3x32x12 lattice at a \simeq 0.12 fm using domain-wall quarks and DBW2 glue. Our preliminary result at a single sea quark mass correponding to m_PS/m_V \simeq 0.53 shows a good agreement with previous estimate in quenched QCD and that from a phenomenological model.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, poster presented at Lattice2005 (Weak matrix elements); v2: a reference added
Changing Agricultural Marketing Channel Structures: Interdependences & Risk Preferences
Creators: name: Franken, Jason R.V.
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
name: Franken, Jason R.V.
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We propose a conceptual model that integrates transaction cost and risk behavior theories in an interdependence framework. Hypotheses are offered that relate the concepts that are central to the proposed model to the three dimensions of channel structures: the allocations of uncertainty, decision rights, and gains. An empirical research design is proposed to test the validity of the conceptual model within the context of the broiler and grain industries. The conceptual model will be validated in a structural equation modeling framework.
Multifrequency observations of the jets in the radio galaxy NGC 315
Creators: name: Laing, R. A.
name: Canvin, J. R.
name: Cotton, W. D.
name: Bridle, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present images of the jets in the nearby radio galaxy NGC 315 made with the VLA at five frequencies between 1.365 and 5 GHz with resolutions between 1.5 and 45 arcsec FWHM. Within 15 arcsec of the nucleus, the spectral index of the jets is 0.61. Further from the nucleus, the spectrum is flatter, with significant transverse structure. Between 15 and 70 arcsec from the nucleus, the spectral index varies from 0.55 on-axis to 0.44 at the edge. This spectral structure suggests a change of dominant particle acceleration mechanism with distance from the nucleus and the transverse gradient may be associated with shear in the jet velocity field. Further from the nucleus, the spectral index has a constant value of 0.47. We derive the distribution of Faraday rotation over the inner +/-400 arcsec of the radio source and show that it has three components: a constant term, a linear gradient (both probably due to our Galaxy) and residual fluctuations at the level of 1 - 2 rad/m^2. These residual fluctuations are smaller in the brighter (approaching) jet, consistent with the idea that they are produced by magnetic fields in a halo of hot plasma that surrounds the radio source. We model this halo, deriving a core radius of approximately 225 arcsec and constraining its central density and magnetic-field strength. We also image the apparent magnetic-field structure over the first +/-200 arcsec from the nucleus.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor corrections to match published version, including a short note on emission from the background galaxy FGC0110
Plasma Diagnostics of the Supernova Remnant N132D Using Deep XMM-Newton Observations with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer
Creators: name: Suzuki, Hitomi
name: Yamaguchi, Hiroya
name: Ishida, Manabu
name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Plucinsky, Paul P.
name: Foster, Adam R.
name: Miller, Eric D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present XMM-Newton observations of N132D, the X-ray brightest supernova remnant (SNR) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) that enables high-resolution spectroscopy in the soft X-ray band. A dozen emission lines from L-shell transitions of various elements at intermediate charge states are newly detected in the RGS data integrating the ~200-ks on-axis observations. The 0.3-2.0-keV spectra require at least three components of thermal plasmas with different electron temperatures and indicate clear evidence of non-equilibrium ionization (NEI). Our detailed spectral diagnostics further reveal that the forbidden-to-resonance line ratios of O VII and Ne IX are both higher than expected for typical NEI plasmas. This enhancement could be attributed to either resonance scattering or emission induced by charge exchange in addition to a possible contribution from the superposition of multiple temperature components, although the lack of spatial information prevents us from concluding which is most likely.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Brownian Functionals in Physics and Computer Science
Creators: name: Majumdar, Satya N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This is a brief review on Brownian functionals in one dimension and their various applications, a contribution to the special issue ``The Legacy of Albert Einstein" of Current Science. After a brief description of Einstein's original derivation of the diffusion equation, this article provides a pedagogical introduction to the path integral methods leading to the derivation of the celebrated Feynman-Kac formula. The usefulness of this technique in calculating the statistical properties of Brownian functionals is illustrated with several examples in physics and probability theory, with particular emphasis on applications in computer science. The statistical properties of "first-passage Brownian functionals" and their applications are also discussed.
description: 21 pages, 5 .eps figures included
Agricultural Drainage and Gulf Hypoxia: Economic Targeting of Farmland to Reduce Nitrogen Loads in a Minnesota Watershed
Creators: name: Petrolia, Daniel R.
name: Gowda, Prasanna H.
name: Mulla, David J.
name: Petrolia, Daniel R.
name: Gowda, Prasanna H.
name: Mulla, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: drainage
subject: hypoxia
subject: ADAPT
subject: nitrogen
subject: watershed

description: Agricultural nitrogen losses are the major contributor to nitrogen loads in the Mississippi River, and consequently, to the existence of a hypoxic, or "dead", zone in the Gulf of Mexico. Focusing on two small agricultural watersheds in southwestern Minnesota, simulation results from the Agricultural Drainage And Pesticide Management (ADAPT) model were combined with a linear-optimization model to evaluate the environmental and economic impact of alternative land-use policies for reducing nitrogen losses. Of particular importance was the study's explicit focus on agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage, which has been identified as the major pathway for agricultural nitrogen losses in the upper Midwest, and the use of drainage-focused abatement policies. Results indicate that tile-drained land plays a key role in nitrogen abatement, and that a combined policy of nutrient management on tile-drained land and retirement of non-drained land is a cost-effective means of achieving a 20- or 30-percent nitrogen-abatement goal. Results also indicate that although it is cost-effective to abate on tile-drained land, it is not cost-effective to undertake policies that plug or remove tile drains from the landscape, regardless of whether the land would be retired or kept in production. Therefore, results imply that although tile-drained land is a major source of nitrogen lost to waterways, it is not cost-effective to remove the land from production or to remove the drainage from the land. Because of its value to agricultural production, it is better to keep tile-drained land in production under nutrient management and focus retirement policies on relatively less-productive, non-drained acres.
Conservation Policy and Land Value: The Conservation Reserve Program
Creators: name: Lin, Haixia
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Lin, Haixia
name: Wu, JunJie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper quantifies the effects of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on farmland and developed land prices. Results show that the CRP increases farmland and developed land prices by 1.8% and 0.6%, respectively, on national average, with the largest increases in the Mountain, Southern Plains, and Northern Plains.
PREDICTING THE DIFFUSION OF HYBRIDS AND VARIETIES IN TEXAS
Creators: name: Gambrell, Stefphanie M.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Gambrell, Stefphanie M.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Anderson, David P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper examines the diffusion of specific rice varieties, as opposed to variety classes in the previous literature. Using simulation techniques to incorporate risk into the diffusion path, new variety product life cycle diffusion is projected with implications for breeders, researchers, and private companies.
Small scales and anisotropy in low $Rm$ magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Pothérat, Alban
name: Alboussière, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we derive estimates for size of the small scales and the attractor dimension in low $Rm$ magnetohydrodynamic turbulence by deriving a rigorous upper bound of the dimension of the attractor representing this flow. To this end, we find an upper bound for the maximum growth rate of any $n$-dimensional volume of the phase space by the evolution operator associated to the Navier-Stokes equations. As explained by Constantin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., 1985), The value of $n$ for which this maximum is zero is an upper bound for the attractor dimension. In order to use this property in the more precise case of a 3D periodical domain, we are led to calculate the distribution of $n$ modes which minimises the total (viscous and Joule) dissipation. This set of modes turns out to exhibit most of the well known properties of MHD turbulence, previously obtained by heuristic considerations such as the existence of the Joule cone under strong magnetic field. The sought estimates for the small scales and attractor dimension are then obtained under no physical assumption as functions of the Hartmann and the Reynolds numbers and match the Hartmann number dependency of heuristic results. A necessary condition for the flow to be tridimensional and anisotropic (as opposed to purely two-dimensional) is also built.
Tool-part interaction in composites processing
Creators: name: Twigg, Graham
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The ability to process composite structures with a high degree of dimensional control remains a barrier to the further implementation of composite materials in commercial applications. Poor control over final part shape can necessitate custom shimming of composite parts or remachining of tooling, resulting in excessive manufacturing costs. Mechanical interaction between the tool and part has been identified as a significant contributor to dimensional control problems yet this phenomena remains poorly understood. Tool-part interaction can often manifest itself in the warpage of initially flat laminates. In the present work an experimental study was performed to identify the effect that part geometry and process variables had on this warpage. Part geometry had a much greater influence on warpage than autoclave process pressure did, while tool surface condition was not observed to have any significant effect. A second experimental study was performed whereby a thin aluminum tool was instrumented with strain gages. The mechanical strain induced in the instrumented tool provided a means for estimating the magnitude and distribution of shear stress operative at the tool-part interface. Both sliding and sticking interface conditions were observed to occur at various times throughout the cure cycle. The interfacial shear stress increased with increasing part degree of cure. An analytical model to predict warpage was developed based on the conclusions of the instrumented tool investigation. This model agreed well with the trends in part warpage which were identified experimentally. Process induced warpage was also simulated using an existing numerical process model. The current method of accounting for tool-part interactions via an elastic shear layer was unable to correctly represent the interface behavior, however, reasonable agreement with experimental results was possible by using a sufficiently low modulus shear layer. The value assigned to the shear modulus of the part was also observed to have a significant effect on the success with which part warpage could be modelled.
A Multi-Relational Network to Support the Scholarly Communication Process
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Marko A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The general pupose of the scholarly communication process is to support the creation and dissemination of ideas within the scientific community. At a finer granularity, there exists multiple stages which, when confronted by a member of the community, have different requirements and therefore different solutions. In order to take a researcher's idea from an initial inspiration to a community resource, the scholarly communication infrastructure may be required to 1) provide a scientist initial seed ideas; 2) form a team of well suited collaborators; 3) located the most appropriate venue to publish the formalized idea; 4) determine the most appropriate peers to review the manuscript; and 5) disseminate the end product to the most interested members of the community. Through the various delinieations of this process, the requirements of each stage are tied soley to the multi-functional resources of the community: its researchers, its journals, and its manuscritps. It is within the collection of these resources and their inherent relationships that the solutions to scholarly communication are to be found. This paper describes an associative network composed of multiple scholarly artifacts that can be used as a medium for supporting the scholarly communication process.
description: keywords: digital libraries and scholarly communication
IRRIGATION WATER DEMAND: A META ANALYSIS OF PRICE ELASTICITIES
Creators: name: Scheierling, Susanne M.
name: Loomis, John B.
name: Young, Robert A.
name: Scheierling, Susanne M.
name: Loomis, John B.
name: Young, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Meta-regression models are estimated to investigate sources of variation in empirical estimates of the price elasticity of irrigation water demand. Elasticity estimates are drawn from mathematical programming, econometric and field experiment studies reported in the United States since 1963. Explanatory variables include method of analysis, water price, time-frame of analysis, farmers' adjustment options, type of data, and climate. Results indicate that the magnitudes of elasticity estimates are affected by the method of analysis. When separate regressions are performed for the estimates from each method, the price of water at which an elasticity is estimated as well as the time-frame of analysis are found to influence price elasticities.
Additional file 6 of Extreme mobility of the world’s largest flying mammals creates key challenges for management and conservation
Creators: name: Welbergen, Justin A.
name: Meade, Jessica
name: Field, Hume E.
name: Edson, Daniel
name: McMichael, Lee
name: Shoo, Luke P.
name: Praszczalek, Jenny
name: Smith, Craig
name: Martin, John M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S2. Candidate generalized linear mixed effects models explaining the probabilities of switching roosts between successive daytime fixes.
Membrane-based scanning force microscopy
Creators: name: Hälg, David
name: Gisler, Thomas
name: Tsaturyan, Yeghishe
name: Catalini, Letizia
name: Grob, Urs
name: Krass, Marc-Dominik
name: Héritier, Martin
name: Mattiat, Hinrich
name: Thamm, Ann-Katrin
name: Schirhagl, Romana
name: Langman, Eric C.
name: Schliesser, Albert
name: Degen, Christian L.
name: Eichler, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the development of a scanning force microscope based on an ultra-sensitive silicon nitride membrane transducer. Our development is made possible by inverting the standard microscope geometry - in our instrument, the substrate is vibrating and the scanning tip is at rest. We present first topography images of samples placed on the membrane surface. Our measurements demonstrate that the membrane retains an excellent force sensitivity when loaded with samples and in the presence of a scanning tip. We discuss the prospects and limitations of our instrument as a quantum-limited force sensor and imaging tool.
DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER AWARENESS OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Creators: name: Lin, Chung-Tung Jordan
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Yen, Steven T.
name: Lin, Chung-Tung Jordan
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Yen, Steven T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Each year, microbial pathogens cause millions of cases of foodborne disease and result in many hospitalizations and deaths. Effective consumer education programs to promote safer food handling practices and other averting behaviors may benefit from consumer awareness of microbial pathogens. This paper investigates U.S. consumers' awareness of four major microbial pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria and E. coli) as food safety problems, using a multinomial probit model. The awareness varies among pathogens and the variations appear to be related to differences in the number and severity of illnesses associated with these pathogens. Our findings suggest that awareness of microbial pathogens is associated with food safety perceptions, awareness of potentially risky foods and substances associated with potential food safety hazards, food safety related behaviors and experience, and demographics. Differentiated effects of variables on awareness of the four pathogens are found to be existent.
Compton Scattering of Quasi-Real Virtual Photons at LEP
Creators: name: L3 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compton scattering of quasi-real virtual photons, gamma e+- -> gamma e+-, is studied with 0.6fb-1 of data collected by the L3 detector at the LEP e+e- collider at centre-of-mass energies root(s')=189-209GeV. About 4500 events produced by the interaction of virtual photons emitted by e+- of one beam with e-+ of the opposite beam are collected for effective centre-of-mass energies of the photon-electron and photon-positron systems in the range from root(s')= 35GeV up to root(s')=175GeV, the highest energy at which Compton scattering was ever probed. The cross sections of the gamma e+- -> gamma e+- process as a function of root(s') and of the rest-frame scattering angle are measured, combined with previous L3 measurements down to root(s')~20GeV, and found to agree with the QED expectations.