cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High School-to-College Transition Courses: A Typology of Design Choices
Creators: name: Barnett, Elisabeth A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: College preparation programs
High schools--Curricula
Education, Secondary
Developmental studies programs

description: In growing numbers, high schools across the country are offering transition curricula to boost college readiness. The courses target students at risk of being placed in remedial math or English programs in college, and they aim to address knowledge and skills deficits so learners can avoid remedial education altogether. Designing and implementing such courses can be challenging, particularly as there is little guidance for doing so. This short publication offers an overview of what’s been done before to help practitioners consider a host of choices that need to be made in developing such a course.

The publication is informed by interviews conducted by CCRC researchers with key stakeholders in 12 randomly selected states in which transition courses have been developed and are offered. The author outlines a dozen design options about course purpose, content, delivery, organization, structure, and context, and illustrates how and why developers in particular states have made particular choices. The author concludes with information on emerging trends in postsecondary reform that are related to transition curricula, including greater reliance on multiple measures assessment and placement and the “guided pathways” movement.
On the geometry of almost $\mathcal{S}$-manifolds
Creators: name: Fitzpatrick, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An $f$-structure on a manifold $M$ is an endomorphism field $ϕ$ satisfying $ϕ^3+ϕ=0$. We call an $f$-structure {\em regular} if the distribution $T=\kerϕ$ is involutive and regular, in the sense of Palais. We show that when a regular $f$-structure on a compact manifold $M$ is an almost $§$-structure, as defined by Duggal, Ianus, and Pastore, it determines a torus fibration of $M$ over a symplectic manifold. When $\rank T = 1$, this result reduces to the Boothby-Wang theorem. Unlike similar results due to Blair-Ludden-Yano and Soare, we do not assume that the $f$-structure is normal. We also show that given an almost $\mathcal{S}$-structure, we obtain an associated Jacobi structure, as well as a notion of symplectization.
description: 12 pages, title change, minor typo corrections, to appear in ISRN Geometry
FORMATION OF SELF-CONTROL SKILLS FOR PRONUNCIATION IN PRESCHOOLERS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Creators: name: Kirina, A.V.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2023
Subjects: HEARING-IMPAIRED PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
PRONUNCIATION CONTROL
PRONUNCIATION SIDE OF SPEECH
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CONTROL
INTEGRATION

description: The article reveals an urgent problem in the study of self-control skills in hearing-impaired children in the preschool education system. The characteristics of the state of certain aspects of pronunciation and intelligible speech of preschool children are considered. The definition of self-control over pronunciation in the hearing impaired and the stages of its formation are given. The directions of work on improving pronunciation training for hearing-impaired preschoolers have been clarified in order to form their self-control skills over pronunciation. The article describes the benefits of early integration of hearing-impaired preschool children into the environment with normally developing peers for successful formation and subsequent consolidation of the skill of self-control over pronunciation.
PLGA Copolymerization Kinetic Parameter Estimation with Stochastic Modeling
Creators: name: Dai, Jingyi
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Copolymerization
stochastic modeling
reaction kinetics

description: Kinetic parameters for the reversible copolymerization of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) provide insight into the resulting sequence, which can affect the performance of PLGA in some pharmaceutical applications such as long-acting implants. The effects of synthesis conditions on kinetic parameters and resulting sequences for PLGA have not yet been fully studied. Because existing reactivity ratio models such as Meyer-Lowry or Beckingham-Sanoja-Lynd are insufficient for copolymerization reactions which include reversibility and transesterification, and complete deterministic descriptions of reversible copolymerization are impractical, a stochastic model was used to determine kinetic parameters from experimental data collected using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effect of temperature and reaction volume on rate constants and reactivity ratios were investigated. Preliminary results reveal that individual rate constants increase with increasing temperature. No clear trend was observed for reaction volume. Neither temperature nor reaction volume clearly impacted reactivity ratios. Average reactivity ratios across all experiments were r_G=3.93, r_L=0.23. More iterations of fitting need to be carried out, and experiments need to be repeated for better accuracy. These results are significant because it allows a better understanding of the various reactions during PLGA copolymerization, and the method itself can be modified to determine kinetic parameters for other complex copolymers.
Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Bi2MoO6-Based Semiconductors Applied in Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Creators: name: Ren, Yuxuan
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: Photodegradation
Water treatment

description: Photocatalysis has received increasing attention in recent years as an effective technology in wastewater treatment applications. In this project, bismuth molybdate (Bi2MoO6), which is a popular visible-light-driven photocatalyst, was prepared by solvothermal and hydrothermal methods. The synthesis conditions, including thermal reaction temperature, synthesis duration, and precursor stirring time of the solvothermal method were optimized based on the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the CeO2/Bi2MoO6 composites with different CeO2 loading content were successfully prepared by the wet impregnation route and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse-reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The photodecomposition of RhB aqueous solution under visible light irradiation indicated that composites showed enhancements in degradation activity and 20 wt% CeO2/Bi2MoO6 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity which was 24.13% and 83.33% higher than those of Bi2MoO6 and CeO2, respectively. This enhancement could be attributed to the formation of heterojunctions that effectively suppressed the recombination of holes and electrons. Quenching experiments revealed that photo-induced holes and superoxide radicals (O2•-) were the main active species during the degradation process. Reusability was assessed by a set of 5 cycling degradation experiments and the results indicated that the composite could be applied long-term. Moreover, the effect of some operating parameters including temperature, initial pH, catalyst dosage and initial substrate concentration were investigated.
Teoria del Ritardo Geometrico Quantizzato: una nuova interpretazione della gravità e dell'espansione cosmica
Creators: name: Bennati, Claudio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Quantum gravity
Spacetime geometry
Planck scale
Black holes
Discrete spacetime
Emergent gravity

description: In questo lavoro si propone una nuova interpretazione della gravità come effetto geometrico locale, derivante dalla resistenza delle masse all'espansione quantizzata dello spaziotempo. L’universo viene descritto come un sistema che si espande alla velocità della luce, generando spazio e tempo in passi discreti. Si dimostra che il ritardo spaziale indotto da ogni massa è proporzionale al rapporto GM/cr, e che la somma dei contributi discreti spiega la gravità, i buchi neri e il ritardo di Shapiro. Vengono mostrati test empirici a scala planetaria, stellare e relativistica.
On duality and fractionality of multicommodity flows in directed networks
Creators: name: Hirai, Hiroshi
name: Koichi, Shungo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C27, 05C21

description: In this paper we address a topological approach to multiflow (multicommodity flow) problems in directed networks. Given a terminal weight $μ$, we define a metrized polyhedral complex, called the directed tight span $T_μ$, and prove that the dual of $μ$-weighted maximum multiflow problem reduces to a facility location problem on $T_μ$. Also, in case where the network is Eulerian, it further reduces to a facility location problem on the tropical polytope spanned by $μ$. By utilizing this duality, we establish the classifications of terminal weights admitting combinatorial min-max relation (i) for every network and (ii) for every Eulerian network. Our result includes Lomonosov-Frank theorem for directed free multiflows and Ibaraki-Karzanov-Nagamochi's directed multiflow locking theorem as special cases.
description: 27 pages. Fixed minor mistakes and typos. To appear in Discrete Optimization
Feasibility of needle and syringe programs in Tajikistan distributing low dead space needles
Creators: name: Zule, William A.
name: Latypov, Alisher
name: Otiashvili, David
name: Bangel, Steffani
name: Bobashev, Georgiy V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Needle exchange programs
Syringes
Intravenous drug abusers
Needle sharing

description: Background
                In 2012, the World Health Organization recommended that needle and syringe programs offer their clients low dead space insulin syringes with permanently attached needles. However, in many countries, these syringes are not acceptable to a majority of people who inject drugs. This study assessed the feasibility of working with needle and syringe programs to implement the WHO recommendation using low dead space detachable needles. The study also assessed the acceptability of the needles.

                Methods
                Two needle and syringe programs in Tajikistan—one in Kulob and one in Khudjand—received 25,000 low dead space detachable needles each. The programs distributed low dead space detachable needles and a marketing flyer that emphasized the relative advantages of the needles. Each program also enrolled 100 participants, and each participant completed a baseline interview and a 2-month follow-up interview.

                Results
                At follow-up, 100% of participants reported trying the low dead space detachable needles, and 96% reported that they liked using the needles. Both needle and syringe programs distributed all their needles within the first 60 days of the project indicating use of the needles, even among clients who did not participate in the study.

                Conclusions
                This project demonstrates that it is feasible for needle and syringe programs to offer and promote low dead space needles to their clients. The findings indicate that low dead space needles are acceptable to needle and syringe program clients in these Tajikistan cities. To reduce HIV and hepatitis C virus transmission, needle and syringe programs should offer low dead space needles, low dead space insulin syringes in addition to standard needles, and syringes to their clients.
A Study on Using Hierarchical Basis Error Estimates in Anisotropic Mesh Adaptation for the Finite Element Method
Creators: name: Kamenski, Lennard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.8
subject: 65N30, 65N50

description: A common approach for generating an anisotropic mesh is the M-uniform mesh approach where an adaptive mesh is generated as a uniform one in the metric specified by a given tensor M. A key component is the determination of an appropriate metric which is often based on some type of Hessian recovery. Recently, the use of a global hierarchical basis error estimator was proposed for the development of an anisotropic metric tensor for the adaptive finite element solution. This study discusses the use of this method for a selection of different applications. Numerical results show that the method performs well and is comparable with existing metric tensors based on Hessian recovery. Also, it can provide even better adaptation to the solution if applied to problems with gradient jumps and steep boundary layers. For the Poisson problem in a domain with a corner singularity, the new method provides meshes that are fully comparable to the theoretically optimal meshes.
description: The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com
Mathematics Pathways to Completion: Setting the Conditions for Statewide Reform in Higher Education
Creators: name: Bickerstaff, Susan E.
name: Chavarin, Octaviano
name: Raufman, Julia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Educational change
Developmental studies programs
Mathematics--Study and teaching (Higher)
Academic achievement

description: The Charles A. Dana Center at the University of Texas at Austin, the developer of the Dana Center Mathematics Pathways (DCMP) model, initiated the Mathematics Pathways to Completion (MPC) project to support each of six states in developing a broad statewide vision for mathematics pathways and a plan for institutional implementation of the DCMP model over three years. At institutions offering mathematics pathways, students take an introductory college-level mathematics course that is well matched with their major or program of study. The goal is to align students’ mathematics coursework with their academic and career needs, redirecting non-STEM students from lengthy algebraic-intensive course sequences. Importantly, students referred to developmental mathematics take preparatory coursework that is aligned to their particular introductory college-level mathematics course, often using an accelerated approach such as a corequisite model.

Mathematics pathways are a promising approach for improving student outcomes, but if implementation happens one college at a time and without statewide policy support, the potential for scaling is diminished. This report describes the structure of the MPC project and the supports that the Dana Center is offering to participating states. In addition, drawing on 33 semi-structured interviews with mathematics faculty, state-level leaders, and technical assistance providers across the six states, this report explores the question: What state-level structures, conditions, and processes facilitate statewide implementation of mathematics pathways?
Constraints from Color and/or Charge Breaking Minima in the $ν$SSM
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Shimomura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model where right-handed neutrinos and sneutrinos are introduced to the minimal supersymmetric standard model. In the scalar potential of this model, there exist trilinear and quartic terms in scalar potential that are proportional to Yukawa couplings of neutrinos. Due to these trilinear and quartic terms, Color and/or Charge Breaking (CCB) and Unbounded-From-Below (UFB) directions appear along which sneutrinos have a vacuum expectation value, making the vacuum of the electroweak symmetry breaking unstable. We analyze scalar potential of this model and derive necessary conditions for CCB and UFB directions to vanish.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. references added, typos corrected
Assessing the impact of mindful meditation, combined with exercise, on mobility and cognitive function among older adults with chronic stroke : a proof-of-concept study
Creators: name: Dignum, Tracy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: Deficits in balance, mobility and executive functions are common among chronic stroke survivors and contribute to increased falls risk. Targeted exercise training reduces falls risk among older adults with chronic stroke and is a promising strategy to promote cognitive function. Specifically, the Otago exercise program (OEP) reduces falls risk and improves executive functions in older adults with a history of falls. Mindful based meditation (MBM) may be a complementary approach to the OEP for promoting balance and mobility and cognitive outcomes among older adults with chronic stroke. Purpose: The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was three-folds: 1) To examine whether MBM combined with OEP (OEP+MBM) is more efficacious than OEP alone (OEP-only) on improving balance, mobility and cognitive outcomes among older adults with chronic stroke. 2) To explore whether OEP-only or OEP+MBM has benefits for mindful attention, as measured by the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire. 3) To assess components of feasibility to optimize larger repeat trials. Methods: Subjects: Twenty-three community dwelling adults aged > 55 years, who experienced a single ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at least 12 months prior to study Study Design: 12-week proof-of-concept, assessor single-blinded randomized controlled trial Results: There is preliminary evidence for meditation practice as a safe intervention for older adults with chronic stroke. Although no statistically significant effects were found, two cognitive variables with marginally significant improvements for the OEP+MBM group provide support for MBM to improve attention and processing speed. Examination of the between-group differences on the outcome variables standardized to standard deviation values provide tentative support for the OEP+MBM intervention and rationale for further research. Self-reported levels of mindfulness did not increase for either group. The feasibility of conducting future repeat studies was verified with 27 subjects recruited to attend information sessions within six weeks, 24/27 (.89) consenting to study participation and strong adherence (>.80) to interventions for all participants. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study provides an early indication that future studies are warranted to examine whether the addition of MBM to therapeutic exercise has the potential to positively impacts balance, mobility, and cognitive outcomes in older adults with chronic stroke.
Controlling non-Abelian statistics of Majorana fermions on Majorana dimer lattices
Creators: name: Sau, Jay D.
name: Clarke, D. J.
name: Tewari, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under appropriate external conditions a semiconductor nanowire in proximity to an s-wave superconductor can be in a topological superconducting (TS) phase. This phase supports localized zero-energy Majorana fermions at the ends of the wire. However, the non-Abelian exchange statistics of Majorana fermions is difficult verify because of the one-dimensional topology of such wires. In this paper we propose a scheme to transport Majorana fermions between the ends of different wires using tunneling, which is shown to be controllable by gate voltages. Such tunneling-generated hops of Majorana fermions can be used to exchange the Majorana fermions. The exchange process thus obtained is described by a non-Abelian braid operator that is uniquely determined by the well-controlled microscopic tunneling parameters.
description: Final version with 8 pages, 5 figures. A companion paper, arXiv:1012.0296, discusses Majorana exchange through a general junction of three wire segments
Math Pathways: Expanding Options for Success in College Math
Creators: name: Ganga, Elizabeth Claire
name: Mazzariello, Amy N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Mathematics--Study and teaching (Higher)
Algebra--Study and teaching
Developmental studies programs
College students
Education--Curricula

description: Algebra has traditionally been the default math requirement for most college degrees. However, algebra is designed to prepare students for calculus rather than for the type of math many students need in their majors, jobs, and lives. With high failure rates in both college-level and developmental math, algebra often ends up functioning as a gatekeeper to higher education for students not majoring in a math-heavy field.

Moreover, the more developmental math courses students must take, the less likely they are to complete their math requirements. An increasingly popular alternative called math pathways accelerates students’ path through developmental math and enables them to take different paths through the math curriculum depending on their course of study. Math pathways typically include statistics, quantitative reasoning, and algebra alternatives at both the developmental and college levels.

Evidence is building that math pathways can help give students the math foundation they need to move ahead in college. This brief describes three math pathways models, lays out the evidence for their effectiveness, and gives recommendations for the effective implementation of math pathways. It is the second in a series about developmental education through a partnership between CAPR and the Education Commission of the States. The first installment is Developmental Education: An Introduction for Policymakers.
The dynamical frustration of interlayer excitons delocalizing in bilayer quantum antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Rademaker, Louk
name: Wu, Kai
name: Hilgenkamp, Hans
name: Zaanen, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the self-consistent Born approximation we study the delocalization of interlayer excitons in the bilayer Heisenberg quantum antiferromagnet. Under realistic conditions we find that the coupling between the exciton motion and the spin system is strongly enhanced as compared to the case of a single carrier, to a degree that it mimics the confinement physics of carriers in Ising spin systems. We predict that the "ladder spectrum" associated with this confinement physics should be visible in the c-axis exciton spectra of insulating bilayer cuprates such as YBa2Cu3O6. Our discovery indicates that finite density systems of such excitons should show very rich physical behavior.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Updated version that has been submitted to Europhysics Letters
Limits on Preserving Quantum Coherence using Multi-Pulse Control
Creators: name: Khodjasteh, Kaveh
name: Erdélyi, Tamás
name: Viola, Lorenza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the physical limits of pulsed dynamical decoupling methods for decoherence control as determined by finite timing resources. By focusing on a decohering qubit controlled by arbitrary sequences of $π$-pulses, we establish a non-perturbative quantitative upper bound to the achievable coherence for specified maximum pulsing rate and noise spectral bandwidth. We introduce numerically optimized control "bandwidth-adapted" sequences that saturate the performance bound, and show how they outperform existing sequences in a realistic excitonic-qubit system where timing constraints are significant. As a byproduct, our analysis reinforces the impossibility of fault-tolerance accuracy thresholds for generic open quantum systems under purely reversible error control.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Updated to match the journal version, including the EPAPS
Turning the Tide in Coastal and Riverine Energy Infrastructure Adaptation: Can An Emerging Wave of Litigation Advance Preparation for Climate Change?
Creators: name: Adler, Dena P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Climatic changes
subject: Environmental law
subject: Flood damage prevention
subject: Petroleum refineries--Safety measures
subject: Actions and defenses
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Recent hurricanes have inundated energy infrastructure with the realities of a changing climate. When Hurricane Harvey slammed into the heart of the oil industry in 2017, it exposed as many as 650 energy and industrial facilities to flooding. In the aftermath of Harvey, Texas refineries, storage terminals, and other facilities, spilled over 22,000 barrels of crude oil, gasoline, diesel, and drilling wastewater. These leaks are only a fraction of the 90,000 barrels spilled in Louisiana in 2005 after Hurricane Katrina. Flooding from Hurricanes Harvey also triggered industrial facilities to spew air pollution during electrical failures, resultant accidents, and unexpected shut-downs. Across Texas, Hurricane Harvey resulted in the release of 8.3 million pounds of unpermitted air pollution from petrochemical plants including toxic fumes released from the Arkema Chemical plant in Crosby which forced evacuations of everyone within a 1.5 mile radius. These incidents underscore the growing vulnerability of many coastal and riverine facilities that store, process, or transport petroleum products and chemicals, to the many impacts of a changing climate, including increasing heavy precipitation, hurricanes, and sea level rise-enhanced storm surge. A new wave of “failure to adapt” lawsuits has sought to clarify how a changing climate may change what reasonable preparations governments and private actors must take, including increasing the resilience of their infrastructure. These suits span constitutional, tort, and statutory law more broadly, but unprepared owners of energy infrastructure may risk additional violations under environmental law due to unpermitted releases of air and water pollution during extreme weather events for which they are not adequately prepared. This piece will specifically consider recent legal and administrative suits that may indicate shifting legal responsibilities for coastal and riverine energy infrastructure owners under the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA), state air and water codes, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Even if redress is unavailable to plaintiffs, these suits help clarify where the current regulatory regime does obligate consideration of changing conditions and where regulatory reform could reduce climate change-related risks to communities and the surrounding environment.
StatisticsProjectsQuestionnaire.pdf
Creators: name: Ly, Anna
name: Al Labadi, Luai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 490501
subject: Applied statistics
classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: The questionnaire used during the 2023-2024 school year to examine students' attitudes towards group course projects in statistics.
Spin-Momentum Locked Topological Surface States, non-trivial Berry's phase and magnetoelectric quantization in topological insulators
Creators: name: Hasan, M. Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface of a 3D topological insulator is a new type of two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The exactly quantized magneto-optical or axionic response of a 3D topological insulator is a direct result of the Berry's phase protected spin-momentum locked states on its surface. (PRL Viewpoint http://physics.aps.org/node/3810).
description: Invited Perspective article on PRL 105,057401('10)
Probing thermonuclear supernova explosions with neutrinos
Creators: name: Odrzywolek, A.
name: Plewa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We present neutrino light curves and energy spectra for two representative type Ia supernova explosion models: a pure deflagration and a delayed detonation. Methods: We calculate the neutrino flux from $β$ processes using nuclear statistical equilibrium abundances convoluted with approximate neutrino spectra of the individual nuclei and the thermal neutrino spectrum (pair+plasma). Results: Although the two considered thermonuclear supernova explosion scenarios are expected to produce almost identical electromagnetic output, their neutrino signatures appear vastly different, which allow an unambiguous identification of the explosion mechanism: a pure deflagration produces a single peak in the neutrino light curve, while the addition of the second maximum characterizes a delayed-detonation. We identified the following main contributors to the neutrino signal: (1) weak electron neutrino emission from electron captures (in particular on the protons Co55 and Ni56) and numerous beta-active nuclei produced by the thermonuclear flame and/or detonation front, (2) electron antineutrinos from positron captures on neutrons, and (3) the thermal emission from pair annihilation. We estimate that a pure deflagration supernova explosion at a distance of 1 kpc would trigger about 14 events in the future 50 kt liquid scintillator detector and some 19 events in a 0.5 Mt water Cherenkov-type detector. Conclusions: While in contrast to core-collapse supernovae neutrinos carry only a very small fraction of the energy produced in the thermonuclear supernova explosion, the SN Ia neutrino signal provides information that allows us to unambiguously distinguish between different possible explosion scenarios. These studies will become feasible with the next generation of proposed neutrino observatories.
description: Version accepted to Astronomy&Astrophysics. See http://ribes.if.uj.edu.pl/snIa for related animations and numerical data
An Investigation of Island Biogeography using Data from Online Natural History Collections
Creators: name: Linton, Debra
name: Monfils, Anna
name: Phillips, Molly
name: Ellwood, Libby
name: Cook, Joseph
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2019

description: Module on coevolution in which students utilize natural history collections. Initial module by AIM-UP was modified by BLUE
The Price of Climate Deregulation: Adding Up the Costs and Benefits of Federal Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards
Creators: name: Rahman, Nadra
name: Wentz, Jessica A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Environmental law
Climatic changes
Deregulation
Greenhouse gases--Government policy
Environmental policy--Economic aspects

description: Federal climate regulations are currently under attack, in part due to the perception that these regulations will impose excessive costs on regulated industries and society as a whole. But according to federal projections, the benefits of these regulations would significantly outweigh the costs. We added up the projected economic impacts of major federal rules aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and found that the net benefits could reach nearly $300 billion per year by 2030. The rules will also generate a variety of non-monetized benefits, such as improved public health outcomes and the creation of jobs, as well as climate mitigation benefits that will extend well beyond 2030.
Vector fields and Loop Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Artymowski, Michal
name: Lalak, Zygmunt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the Loop Quantum Cosmology we have analysed the holonomy correction to the classical evolution of the simplified Bianchi I model in the presence of vector fields. For the Universe dominated by a massive vector field or by a combination of a scalar field and a vector field a smooth transition between Kasner-like and Kasner-unlike solutions for a Bianchi I model has been demonstrated. In this case a lack of initial curvature singularity and a finite maximal energy density appear already at the level of General Relativity, which simulates a classical Big Bounce.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, plain LaTeX
On Kiselman quotients of 0-Hecke monoids
Creators: name: Ganyushkin, Olexandr
name: Mazorchuk, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M10, 20M20, 20M30

description: Combining the definition of 0-Hecke monoids with that of Kiselman semigroups, we define what we call Kiselman quotients of 0-Hecke monoids associated with simply laced Dynkin diagrams. We classify these monoids up to isomorphism, determine their idempotents and show that they are $\mathcal{J}$-trivial. For type $A$ we show that Catalan numbers appear as the maximal cardinality of our monoids, in which case the corresponding monoid is isomorphic to the monoid of all order-preserving and order-decreasing total transformations on a finite chain. We construct various representations of these monoids by matrices, total transformations and binary relations. Motivated by these results, with a mixed graph we associate a monoid, which we call a Hecke-Kiselman monoid, and classify such monoids up to isomorphism. Both Kiselman semigroups and Kiselman quotients of 0-Hecke monoids are natural examples of Hecke-Kiselman monoids.
description: 14 pages; International Electronic Journal of Algebra, 2011
Non-Markovian Dynamics and Entanglement of Two-level Atoms in a Common Field
Creators: name: Fleming, C. H.
name: Cummings, N. I.
name: Anastopoulos, Charis
name: Hu, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the stochastic equations and consider the non-Markovian dynamics of a system of multiple two-level atoms in a common quantum field. We make only the dipole approximation for the atoms and assume weak atom-field interactions. From these assumptions we use a combination of non-secular open- and closed-system perturbation theory, and we abstain from any additional approximation schemes. These more accurate solutions are necessary to explore several regimes: in particular, near-resonance dynamics and low-temperature behavior. In detuned atomic systems, small variations in the system energy levels engender timescales which, in general, cannot be safely ignored, as would be the case in the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). More problematic are the second-order solutions, which, as has been recently pointed out, cannot be accurately calculated using any second-order perturbative master equation, whether RWA, Born-Markov, Redfield, etc.. This latter problem, which applies to all perturbative open-system master equations, has a profound effect upon calculation of entanglement at low temperatures. We find that even at zero temperature all initial states will undergo finite-time disentanglement (sometimes termed "sudden death"), in contrast to previous work. We also use our solution, without invoking RWA, to characterize the necessary conditions for Dickie subradiance at finite temperature. We find that the subradiant states fall into two categories at finite temperature: one that is temperature independent and one that acquires temperature dependence. With the RWA there is no temperature dependence in any case.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, v2 updated references, v3 clarified results and corrected renormalization, v4 further clarified results and new Fig. 8-10
Geological storage of CO2 in sub-seafloor basalt: the CarbonSAFE pre-feasibility study offshore Washington State and British Columbia
Creators: name: Goldberg, David S.
name: Aston, Lara
name: Bonneville, Alain
name: Demirkanli, Inci
name: Evans, Curtis
name: Fisher, Andrew
name: Garcia, Helena
name: Gerrard, Michael
name: Heesemann, Martin
name: Hnottavange-Telleen, Ken
name: Hsu, Emily
name: Malinverno, Cristina
name: Moran, Kate
name: Park, Ah-Hyung
name: Scherwath, Martin
name: Slagle, Angela L.
name: Stute, Martin
name: Weathers, Tess
name: Webb, Romany M.
name: White, Mark
name: White, Signe
name: CarbonSAFE Cascadia Project Team
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental sciences
Carbon dioxide
Geological carbon sequestration
Ocean bottom
Basalt

description: The CarbonSAFE Cascadia project team is conducting a pre-feasibility study to evaluate technical and nontechnical aspects of collecting and storing 50 MMT of CO2 in a safe, ocean basalt reservoir offshore from Washington State and British Columbia. Sub-seafloor basalts are very common on Earth and enable CO2 mineralization as a long-term storage mechanism, permanently sequestering the carbon in solid rock form. Our project goals include the evaluation of this reservoir as an industrial-scale CO2 storage complex, developing potential source/transport scenarios, conducting laboratory and modeling studies to determine the potential capacity of the reservoir, and completing an assessment of economic, regulatory and project management risks. Potential scenarios include sources and transport options in the USA and in Canada. The overall project network consists of a coordination team of researchers from collaborating academic institutions, subcontractors, and external participants. Lessons learned from this study at the Cascadia Basin location may be transferrable elsewhere around the globe.
How supernova feedback turns dark matter cusps into cores
Creators: name: Pontzen, Andrew
name: Governato, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and successfully test against new cosmological simulations a novel analytical description of the physical processes associated with the origin of cored dark matter density profiles. In the simulations, the potential in the central kiloparsec changes on sub-dynamical timescales over the redshift interval 4 > z > 2 as repeated, energetic feedback generates large underdense bubbles of expanding gas from centrally-concentrated bursts of star formation. The model demonstrates how fluctuations in the central potential irreversibly transfer energy into collisionless particles, thus generating a dark matter core. A supply of gas undergoing collapse and rapid expansion is therefore the essential ingredient. The framework, based on a novel impulsive approximation, breaks with the reliance on adiabatic approximations which are inappropriate in the rapidly-changing limit. It shows that both outflows and galactic fountains can give rise to cusp-flattening, even when only a few per cent of the baryons form stars. Dwarf galaxies maintain their core to the present time. The model suggests that constant density dark matter cores will be generated in systems of a wide mass range if central starbursts or AGN phases are sufficiently frequent and energetic.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRAS. No change in results. Expanded discussion and more references
How Do Surface Material and Hydrodynamics Shape Horizontal Gene Transfer in Biofilms?
Creators: name: Gomes, Luciana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biofilm; Horizontal Gene Transfer; Conjugation; Plasmid; Antibiotic Resistance Genes

description: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacterial biofilms is a significant concern because of the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes, which hinders biofilm control in medical, industrial, and environmental fields. Microorganisms are nearby within biofilms, facilitating the exchange of genetic material. Several mechanisms, including conjugation, enable HGT within biofilms. Conjugation involves the direct transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through physical contact and is mediated by a specialised genetic element called conjugative plasmid. This study aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the influence of surface properties, hydrodynamics, and contact time on the conjugation process in dual-species biofilms.
Escherichia coli carrying the conjugative IncP-1 plasmid pKJK5 was used as the donor strain, and biofilm formation assays were performed under two hydrodynamic conditions (0 and 185 rpm of orbital shaking frequency), using three surface materials with distinct physicochemical properties (polyvinyl chloride, PVC; graphene sheet, GS; and glass, G), for 24 and 72 h. Cell quantification and plasmid transfer frequency were assessed using flow cytometry. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used as a complementary method to evaluate the spatial organisation of biofilms.
When the donor and recipient strains were co-cultured, hydrodynamics affected the total number of biofilm cells at both incubation times. Concerning the transconjugant numbers and transconjugant/donor ratios, both hydrodynamics and incubation times influenced HGT, with no shaking conditions and longer bacterial contact time promoting plasmid transfer events. Additionally, a positive association between 0 rpm, G surface, number of donors and total biofilm cells, and number of transconjugants on dual-species biofilms was demonstrated using linear regression models. In addition to confirming that static conditions increased the number of transconjugants, confocal microscopy suggested that the transconjugants were mainly located in the innermost regions of the biofilm.
Factors such as hydrodynamics and biofilm age can have a huge impact on plasmid transfer and potentially influence the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities.
Pedagogy of Listening Podcast
Creators: name: Cooper, Jayson
Publisher: name: The University of Melbourne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 390302
subject: Early childhood education
classificationCode: 390102
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development
classificationCode: 390202
subject: History and philosophy of education
classificationCode: 390407
subject: Inclusive education

description: In this podcast Dr Jayson Cooper synthesises the ideas of a Pedagogy of Listening as articulate by Reggio Emilia teacher and scholar Carla Rinaldi. In this Podcast Jayson composes a podcast the informs the key ideas of a Pedagogy of Listening while creating a podcast that invites a heightened listening processes. This podcast is for early childhood teachers as an introduction to the concept of listening in early childhood settings as curriculum pedagogy and assessment. This podcast belongs to the STEM Learning Ecologies Podcast series, a series of podcast for early childhood teachers interested in opening STEM Learning Ecologies in their professional practice.
The Status of Climate Change Litigation: A Global Review
Creators: name: Burger, Michael
name: Gundlach, Justin M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Climatic changes
Environmental law
Trials, litigation, etc.
Climatic changes--Government policy

description: Over the last decade, laws codifying national and international responses to climate change have grown in number, specificity, and importance. As these laws have recognized new rights and created new duties, litigation seeking to challenge either their facial validity or their particular application has followed. So too has litigation aimed at pressing legislators and policymakers to be more ambitious and thorough in their approaches to climate change. In addition, litigation seeking to fill the gaps left by legislative and regulatory inaction has also continued. As a result, courts are adjudicating a growing number of disputes over actions—or inaction—related to climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.
The hierarchical build-up of the Tully-Fisher relation
Creators: name: Tonini, Chiara
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Ziegler, Bodo
name: Böhm, Asmus
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the semi-analytic model GalICS to predict the Tully-Fisher relation in the B, I and for the first time, in the K band, and its evolution with redshift, up to z~1. We refined the determination of the disk galaxies rotation velocity, with a dynamical recipe for the rotation curve, rather than a simple conversion from the total mass to maximum velocity. The new recipe takes into account the disk shape factor, and the angular momentum transfer occurring during secular evolution leading to the formation of bulges. This produces model rotation velocities that are lower by ~20-25% for the majority of the spirals. We implemented stellar population models with a complete treatment of the TP-AGB, which leads to a revision of the mass-to-light ratio in the near-IR. I/K band luminosities increase by ~0.3/0.5 mags at redshift z=0 and by ~0.5/1 mags at z=3. With these two new recipes in place, the comparison between the predicted Tully-Fisher relation with a series of datasets in the optical and near-IR, at redshifts between 0 and 1, is used as a diagnostics of the assembly and evolution of spiral galaxies in the model. At 0.4
description: Accepted for publication on MNRAS. 2 new plots, 1 new section, and extended discussion. 21 pages, 11 figures in total
Breaking the Cycle of "Flood-Rebuild-Repeat": Local and State Options to Improve Substantial Damage and Improvement Standards in the National Flood Insurance Program
Creators: name: Adler, Dena P.
name: Scata, Joel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Flood damage prevention
Hazard mitigation--Law and legislation
Climatic changes
Flood insurance--Government policy

description: Congress established the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1968 to reduce flood damages nationwide and ease the Federal government’s financial burden for providing disaster recovery.  Due largely to recent flood disasters, the NFIP is over $20.5 billion in debt. A proportionally small number of properties insured through the program, known as “severe repetitive loss” (SRL) properties, are repeatedly flooded, repaired, and rebuilt. These properties contribute disproportionally to the rising debts of the NFIP program. Climate change impacts, including sea level rise, more intense and frequent precipitation events, and increased storm surge, put these already vulnerable properties at even greater risk and will greatly increase the number of properties caught in this cycle of “flood-rebuild-repeat.”
The NFIP contains an adaptive mechanism—the substantial improvement/damage (“SI/SD”) standard—which can break the cycle of “flood-rebuild-repeat.”  The SI/SD standard requires property owners in the program who are making significant improvements or repairs to structures in areas most vulnerable to flooding to take certain measures to mitigate their risk. However, two critical shortcomings of the current FEMA SI/SD definition undermine the effectiveness of program: 1) the SI/SD standard is only triggered when damages or repair work are equal to or exceed 50 percent of the fair market value of the structure, and 2) the regulatory definitions of “substantial improvement” and “substantial damage” do not consider repetitive cumulative repair work or cumulative damage over time. This paper explains how reforming the SI/SD standard to calculate damages cumulatively over time and to be triggered for damages and repair work worth less than 50 percent of the fair market value of the structure can help the NFIP program better weather a changing climate, lessen the taxpayer burden, and increase the safety of homeowners. It analyzes the prevalence of heightened SI/SD standards among NFIP communities and in state model ordinances and discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing more rigorous SI/SD standards.