cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dispersion and Rotation Measures from the Ejecta of Compact Binary Mergers: Clue to the Progenitors of Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Zhao, Z. Y.
name: Zhang, G. Q.
name: Wang, Y. Y.
name: Tu, Z. L.
name: Wang, F. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the discovery of FRB 200428 associated with the Galactic SGR 1935+2154, magnetars are considered to power fast radio bursts (FRBs). It is widely believed that magnetars could form by core-collapse (CC) explosions and compact binary mergers, such as binary neutron star (BNS), binary white dwarfs (BWD), and neutron star-white dwarf (NSWD) mergers. Therefore, it is important to distinguish the various progenitors. The expansion of the merger ejecta produces a time-evolving dispersion measure (DM) and rotation measure (RM) that can probe the local environments of FRBs. In this paper, we derive the scaling laws for the DM and RM from ejecta with different dynamical structures (the mass and energy distribution) in the uniform ambient medium (merger scenario) and wind environment (CC scenario). We find that the DM and RM will increase in the early phase, while DM will continue to grow slowly but RM will decrease in the later phase in the merger scenario. We fit the DM and RM evolution of FRB 121102 simultaneously for the first time in the BNS merger scenario, and find the source age is $ \sim9-10 $ yr when it was first detected in 2012, and the ambient medium density is $ \sim 2.5-3.1 $ cm$ ^{-3} $. The large offsets of some FRBs are consistent with BNS/NSWD channel. The population synthesis method is used to estimate the rate of compact binary mergers. The rate of BWD mergers is close to the observed FRB rate. Therefore, the progenitors of FRBs may not be unique.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables, minor changes, references added, accepted for publication in ApJ
Transcription of the narration of Reel #1 (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio files VP-190317-07 and VP-190317-08: transcription of VP-180317-03 (narration of Reel #1 from the LA 256 collection at SCOIL, one of six reels of 8mm film created by Verdena in the 1960s, featuring scenes of everyday life around Hoopa Valley as well as Brush Dances). From 6:05 to 7:10 (VP-190317-07) and from 7:10 to 10:03 (VP-190317-08). Due to re-numbering, Reel #1 has been assigned the CLA item number LA 256.040.
Sensitivity and back-action in charge qubit measurements by a strongly coupled single-electron transistor
Creators: name: Oxtoby, Neil P.
name: Wiseman, H. M.
name: Sun, He-Bi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider charge-qubit monitoring (continuous-in-time weak measurement) by a single-electron transistor (SET) operating in the sequential-tunneling regime. We show that commonly used master equations for this regime are not of the Lindblad form that is necessary and sufficient for guaranteeing valid physical states. In this paper we derive a Lindblad-form master equation and a corresponding quantum trajectory model for continuous measurement of the charge qubit by a SET. Our approach requires that the SET-qubit coupling be strong compared to the SET tunnelling rates. We present an analysis of the quality of the qubit measurement in this model (sensitivity versus back-action). Typically, the strong coupling when the SET island is occupied causes back-action on the qubit beyond the quantum back-action necessary for its sensitivity, and hence the conditioned qubit state is mixed. However, in one strongly coupled, asymmetric regime, the SET can approach the limit of an ideal detector with an almost pure conditioned state. We also quantify the quality of the SET using more traditional concepts such as the measurement time and decoherence time, which we have generalized so as to treat the strongly responding regime.
description: About 11 pages, 6 figures. Changes in v2: we made general improvements to the manuscript including, but not limited to(!), the removal of one reference, and modification of the footnotes
New topologically slice knots
Creators: name: Friedl, Stefan
name: Teichner, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M27, 57N70

description: In the early 1980's Mike Freedman showed that all knots with trivial Alexander polynomial are topologically slice (with fundamental group Z). This paper contains the first new examples of topologically slice knots. In fact, we give a sufficient homological condition under which a knot is slice with fundamental group Z semi-direct product Z[1/2]. These two fundamental groups are known to be the only solvable ribbon groups. Our homological condition implies that the Alexander polynomial equals (t-2)(t^{-1}-2) but also contains information about the metabelian cover of the knot complement (since there are many non-slice knots with this Alexander polynomial). Erratum (attached): In Figure 1.5 we gave an incorrect example for Theorem 1.3. We present a correct example.
description: This is the version published by GT on 4 November 2005 and includes the erratum published on 18 October 2006
Finding Value-Added Uses for Apples: A Case Study For Hoch Orchards of LaCrescent, Minnesota
Creators: name: Nefstead, Ward E.
name: Nefstead, Ward E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper summarizes the results of a pilot course in Value-Added Entrepreneurship in agriculture which was offered in the fall semester of 2005 under the title-ApEc 3991-2. It will describe the course content, the manner in which the project was chosen, the work which was undertaken by students enrolled in this class and finally, the manner in which the materials developed in the course were used in the actual restructuring of Hoch Orchards.
Novel String Banana Template Method of Track Reconstruction for high Multiplicity Events with Significant Multiple Scattering
Creators: name: Kulinich, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel String Banana Template Method (SBTM) for track reconstruction in high multiplicity events in non-uniform magnetic field spectrometer with emphasis on the lowest momenta tracks with significant Multiple Scattering (MS) is described. Two steps model of track with additional parameter/s which takes into account MS for this particular track is introduced. SBTM is time efficient and demonstrates better resolutions than another method equivalent to the Least Squares method (LSM).
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, DPF2004 Proceeding, International Journal of Modern Physics A
Vestigial anyon condensation in kagome quantum spin liquids
Creators: name: Wang, Yan-Cheng
name: Yan, Zheng
name: Wang, Chenjie
name: Qi, Yang
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a lattice model of topological order (kagome quantum spin liquids) and solve it with unbiased quantum Monte Carlo simulations. A three-stage anyon condensation with two transitions from a $\mathbb Z_2\boxtimes\mathbb Z_2$ topological order to a $\mathbb Z_2$ topological order and eventually to a trivial symmetric phase is revealed. These results provide concrete examples of phase transitions between topological orders in quantum magnets. The designed quantum spin liquid model and its numerical solution offer a playground for further investigations on vestigial anyon condensation.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
DIE BEDEUTUNG VON PREIS UND HERKUNFT FUR DIE PRAFERENZBILDUNG BEI WEINKONSUMENTEN-ERMITTLUNG VON PRAFERENZHETEROGENITAT MITTELS EINER LATENT-CLASS-ANALYSE - (German)
Creators: name: Petzoldt, Marina
name: Profeta, Adriano
name: Enneking, Ulrich
name: Petzoldt, Marina
name: Profeta, Adriano
name: Enneking, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Wein
subject: Kaufverhalten
subject: Latent-Class-Analyse
subject: Segmentierung von Verbrauchern.

description: Die große Sortiments- und Begriffsvielfalt, die eine Besonderheit des Produktes Wein darstellen, führen für den Konsumenten beim Kauf zu einer äußerst komplexen und schwierigen Entscheidungssituation. Da Wein zudem überwiegend im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel ohne fachliche Beratung gekauft wird, greifen Verbraucher verstärkt auf extrinsische Merkmale zur Beurteilung der intrinsischen Qualität zurück. Studien mit ausländischen Weinkonsumenten zeigen, dass Verbraucher überwiegend den Preis und die Herkunft eines Weines als Schlüsselinformationen nutzen. Der vorliegende Beitrag überprüft anhand der Ergebnisse einer Latent-Class-Analyse (LCA) die Wichtigkeit dieser beiden Attribute für die Kaufentscheidung deutscher Konsumenten am Beispiel von Dornfelder- und Beaujolais- Wein. Im Vordergrund der Studie steht die Identifizierung von Verbrauchersegmenten entsprechend ihrer Präferenzen.
Elastic moduli approximation of higher symmetry for the acoustical properties of an anisotropic material
Creators: name: Norris, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The issue of how to define and determine an optimal acoustical fit to a set of anisotropic elastic constants is addressed. The optimal moduli are defined as those which minimize the mean squared difference in the acoustical tensors between the given moduli and all possible moduli of a chosen higher material symmetry. The solution is shown to be identical to minimizing a Euclidean distance function, or equivalently, projecting the tensor of elastic stiffness onto the appropriate symmetry. This has implications for how to best select anisotropic constants to acoustically model complex materials.
description: 20 pages
DIESE MODELLE SIND ZU KOMPLEX!-ODER DOCH NICHT?: EXPERIMENTELLES DESIGN UND METAMODELLIERUNG ALS MOGLICHER WEG, DAS KOMMUNIKATIONSPROBLEM AGENTENBASIERTER MODELLE IN DER POLITIKANALYSE ZU LOSEN (German)
Creators: name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Kellermann, Konrad
name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Kellermann, Konrad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agentenbasierte Modellierung
subject: Design of Experiments
subject: Sensitivitätsanalyse
subject: Politikanalyse
subject: Agent-based modelling

description: Agent-based models have recently become very popular. However, it is often difficult to communicate the models' complexity and assumptions. Hence, criticising them becomes a challenging task. This paper addresses this problem and discusses different ways to increase the transparency and acceptability of complex models. We use designed experiments and metamodelling to show relationships between model parameters and the impact of policy options. We do so using the model AgriPoliS which has been initialised using an artificial agricultural structure Agentenbasierte Ansätze erfreuen sich einer immer größeren Beliebtheit. Allerdings besteht ein grundlegendes Problem dieses Ansatzes darin, dass die Komplexität der angewendeten Modelle und der darin getroffenen Annahmen häufig schwer zu vermitteln ist. Dies führt dazu, dass die 'Kritikfähigkeit' entsprechender Modell nur eingeschränkt gegeben ist. Dieser Beitrag greift dieses Problem auf und zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, die Transparenz und Akzeptanz komplexer Modellierungsansätze zu erhöhen. Hierzu greifen wir ein spezielles Verfahren der Sensitivitätsanalyse auf und zeigen, wie mit Hilfe von Metamodellen die Zusammenhänge von Modellparametern und unterschiedlichen Politikoptionen analysiert werden können. Als Anwendungsbeispiel dient das Modell AgriPoliS, das für eine fiktive Agrarstruktur kalibriert wurde.
Selection rules for the S-Matrix bootstrap
Creators: name: Bose, Anjishnu
name: Sinha, Aninda
name: Tiwari, Shaswat S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the space of allowed S-matrices on the Adler zeros' plane using the recently resurrected (numerical) S-matrix bootstrap program for pion scattering. Two physical quantities, an averaged total scattering cross-section, and an averaged entanglement power for the boundary S-matrices, are studied. Emerging linearity in the leading Regge trajectory is correlated with a reduction in both these quantities. We identify two potentially viable regions where the S-matrices give decent agreement with low energy S- and P-wave scattering lengths and have leading Regge trajectory compatible with experiments. We also study the line of minimum averaged total cross section in the Adler zeros' plane. The Lovelace-Shapiro model, which was a precursor to modern string theory, is given by a straight line in the Adler zeros' plane and, quite remarkably, we find that this line intersects the space of allowed S-matrices near both these regions.
description: v2: 26 pages, 14 figures, added discussion on line of minimum averaged total cross section. Submission to SciPost
PRÄVENTION VON KRISEN IN LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHEN FAMILIENUNTERNEHMEN
Creators: name: Bodmer, Ulrich
name: Bodmer, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Unternehmenskrise
subject: Interpretationsansatz
subject: Einstellungen
subject: Perzipierte Stabilität
subject: Entrepreneurial crisis
subject: Interpretive approach
subject: Attitudes
subject: Perceived stability

description: Owners of family farms are usually overburdened by their involvement in both the production process and in the management of their farm. Problems arise especially in the case of crises, as these are psychological processes that cannot be handled by economic analyses alone. Blind spots, bounded rationality etc. influence decision making. The farmers cannot expect additional governmental support for crises management because of insufficient capacities for consultancy. Additionally it seems to be necessary to support the entrepreneurs in a way in which the usual economic analyses would be only components. An entrepreneurial crisis is a very subjective process (Allwörden, 2005: 229). Subjective influences of the entrepreneur and other stakeholders of an enterprise - like family members - on the emergence and perception of entrepreneurial crises have to be taken into consideration. This contribution will present an approach, which unites elements of traditional economic analysis and the "Interpretive Approach" (Constructivism) in order to prevent entrepreneurial crises. Landwirte sind in ihren Familienunternehmen häufig durch die praktische Tätigkeit überlastet, was vielfach zu Lasten der Erledigung von Managementaufgaben geht. Dies ist auch ein Grund, weshalb Unternehmenskrisen vielfach erst vergleichsweise spät erkannt werden. Staatlicherseits fehlt Beratungskapazität. Es erscheint allerdings auch erforderlich, die Unternehmer bei der Unternehmensanalyse in einer Form zu unterstützen, in der die üblichen ökonomischen Analysen nur einen Baustein bilden, denn die Einschätzung des Vorliegens einer Unternehmenskrise ist ein subjektives Konstrukt (Allwörden, 2005: 229). Nachfolgend wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der Elemente der traditionellen Unternehmensanalyse und des Interpretationsansatzes der Organisationstheorien zur Krisenprävention vereint.
Propagating residual biases in masked cosmic shear power spectra
Creators: name: Kitching, T. D.
name: Deshpande, A. C.
name: Taylor, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive a full expression for the propagation of weak lensing shape measurement biases into cosmic shear power spectra including the effect of missing data. We show using simulations that terms higher than first order in bias parameters can be ignored and the impact of biases can be captured by terms dependent only on the mean of the multiplicative bias field. We identify that the B-mode power contains information on the multiplicative bias. We find that without priors on the residual multiplicative bias $δm$ and stochastic ellipticity variance $σ_e$ that constraints on the amplitude of the cosmic shear power spectrum are completely degenerate, and that when applying priors the constrained amplitude $A$ is slightly biased low via a classic marginalisation paradox. Using all-sky Gaussian random field simulations we find that the combination of $(1+2δm)A$ is unbiased for a joint EE and BB power spectrum likelihood if the error and mean (precision and accuracy) of the stochastic ellipticity variance is known to better than $σ(σ_e)\leq 0.05$ and $Δσ_e\leq 0.01$, or the multiplicative bias is known to better than $σ(m)\leq 0.07$ and $Δm\leq 0.01$.
description: 12 pages, accepted to the Open Journal of Astrophysics, comments welcome
Retelling of Reel #4 (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio and video files VP-190317-06: Verdena retells what she saw in Reel #4 from the LA 256 collection at SCOIL in Hupa (one of six reels of 8mm film created by Verdena in the 1960s, featuring scenes of everyday life around Hoopa Valley as well as Brush Dances). Due to re-numbering, Reel #4 has been assigned the CLA item number LA256.043.
The fate of particles in a volumetrically heated convective fluid at high Prandtl number
Creators: name: Sturtz, Cyril
name: Kaminski, Edouard
name: Limare, Angela
name: Tait, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of suspensions plays a crucial role on the evolution of geophysical systems such as lava lakes, magma chambers and magma oceans. During their cooling and solidification, these magmatic bodies involve convective viscous fluids and dispersed solid crystals that can form either a cumulate or a floating lid by sedimentation. We study such systems based on internal heating convection experiments in high Prandtl fluids bearing plastic beads. We aim to determine the conditions required to produce a floating lid or a sedimented deposit. We show that although the sign of particles buoyancy is the key parameter, it is not sufficient to predict the particles fate. To complement the model we introduce the Shields formalism and couple it with scaling laws describing convection. We propose a generalised Shields number that enables a self-consistent description of the fate of particles in the system, especially the possibility to segregate from the convective bulk. We provide a quantification of the partition of the mass of particles in the different potential reservoirs (bulk suspension, floating lid, settled cumulate) through reconciling the suspension stability framework with the Shields formalism. We illustrate the geophysical implications of the model by revisiting the problem of the stability of flotation crusts on solidifying rocky bodies.
description: 31 pages, 16 figures, Supplementary materials available. In press (Journal of Fluid Mechanics)
Noncommutative Black Hole Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
name: Samanta, Saurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a general derivation, for any static spherically symmetric metric, of the relation $T_h=\frac{\cal K}{2π}$ connecting the black hole temperature ($T_h$) with the surface gravity ($\cal K$), following the tunneling interpretation of Hawking radiation. This derivation is valid even beyond the semi classical regime i. e. when quantum effects are not negligible. The formalism is then applied to a spherically symmetric, stationary noncommutative Schwarzschild space time. The effects of back reaction are also included. For such a black hole the Hawking temperature is computed in a closed form. A graphical analysis reveals interesting features regarding the variation of the Hawking temperature (including corrections due to noncommutativity and back reaction) with the small radius of the black hole. The entropy and tunneling rate valid for the leading order in the noncommutative parameter are calculated. We also show that the noncommutative Bekenstein-Hawking area law has the same functional form as the usual one.
description: LaTex, 17 pages, 2 figures, minor changes, references added, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
ANGEMESSEN, DRAMATISIERT, NICHT ERNST GENUG? UBER DIE WIRKUNG DER BERICHTERSTATTUNG ZUM THEMA VOGELGRIPPE (German)
Creators: name: Helmle, Simone
name: Artmann, Martina
name: Burkart, Stefan
name: Helmle, Simone
name: Artmann, Martina
name: Burkart, Stefan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Vogelgrippe
subject: Berichterstattung
subject: Wahrnehmung

description: Vogelgrippe löste im Februar 2006 eine immense Welle von Medienberichten aus. Wie wurden Berichterstattung und politische Maßnahmen wahrgenommen? Eine Meinungsumfrage und Experteninterviews ergaben: In einem beachtlichen Umfang empfanden die Bürger die Berichterstattung als angemessen, die Bewertung der Keulungen und der Stallpflicht fällt schwer, Bürger, die in der Nähe von Fundorten infizierter Wildvögel leben, neigen zu paradoxen Verhaltensweisen. Experten erlebten die Bevölkerung sehr beunruhigt. In ihrer täglichen Arbeit erleben sie die Folgen der hohen Berichterstattung, betonen gleichzeitig die Aufklärungsarbeit, die durch die Medien geleistet wurde. Konsequenzen werden abgeleitet über Strategien der Bürger, Unsicherheit zu reduzieren und verbesserte Kommunikation von Präventionsmaßnahmen.
QUANTIFYING THE BENEFITS OF CONSERVATION AUCTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM AN ECONOMIC EXPERIMENT
Creators: name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Schilizzi, Steven
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Schilizzi, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Conservation auctions
subject: agri-environmental policy
subject: experimental economics.

description: Building on available theory, this work uses controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the budgetary and the economic performance of competitive tenders for allocating conservation contracts to landholders. Experiments have been replicated in two different countries to check for robustness of results. We find that auctions outperform the more traditional fixed-price schemes only in the one-shot setting. With repetition, the auctions quickly lose their edge. Our results suggest that previous estimates of conservation auction performance are too optimistic.
Design, characterization and indoor validation of the optical soiling detector "DUSST"
Creators: name: Fernández-Solas, Álvaro
name: Micheli, Leonardo
name: Muller, Matthew
name: Almonacid, Florencia
name: Fernández, Eduardo F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) technology has reached a high level of maturity in terms of module efficiency and cost competitiveness in comparison with other energy technologies. As PV has achieved high levels of deployment, the development of devices that can help to reduce PV operation and maintenance costs has become a priority. Soiling can be cause of significant losses in certain PV plants and its detection has become essential to ensure a correct mitigation. For this reason, accurate and low-cost monitoring devices are needed. While soiling stations have been traditionally employed to measure the impact of soiling, their high cost and maintenance have led to the development of innovative low-cost optical sensors, such as the device presented in this work and named "DUSST" (Detector Unit for Soiling Spectral Transmittance). The thermal characterization of the components of DUSST and the methodology used to predict soiling transmittance losses are presented in this study. The results show that the losses can be predicted with an error lower than 1.4%. The method has been verified with an experimental campaign with naturally soiled coupons exposed outdoors in Jaén, Spain.
Morris-Shore transformation for non-degenerate systems
Creators: name: Zlatanov, K. N.
name: Vasilev, G. S.
name: Vitanov, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Morris-Shore (MS) transformation is a powerful tool for decomposition of the dynamics of multistate quantum systems to a set of two-state systems and uncoupled single states. It assumes two sets of states wherein any state in the first set can be coupled to any state in the second set but the states within each set are not coupled between themselves. Another important condition is the degeneracy of the states in each set, although all couplings between the states from different sets can be detuned from resonance by the same detuning. The degeneracy condition limits the application of the MS transformation in various physically interesting situations, e.g. in the presence of electric and/or magnetic fields or light shifts, which lift the degeneracy in each set of states, e.g. when these sets comprise the magnetic sublevels of levels with nonzero angular momentum. This paper extends the MS transformation to such situations, in which the states in each of the two sets are nondegenerate. To this end, we develop an alternative way for the derivation of Morris-Shore transformation, which can be applied to non-degenerate sets of states. We present a generalized eigenvalue approach, by which, in the limit of small detunings from degeneracy, we are able to generate an effective Hamiltonian that is dynamically equivalent to the non-degenerate Hamiltonian. The effective Hamiltonian can be mapped to the Morris-Shore basis with a two-step similarity transformation. After the derivation of the general framework, we demonstrate the application of this technique to the popular Lambda three-state system, and the four-state tripod, double-Lambda and diamond systems. In all of these systems, our formalism allows us to reduce their quantum dynamics to simpler two-state systems even in the presence of various detunings, e.g. generated by external fields of frequency drifts.
Majorana Neutrinos in Same-Sign $W^\pm W^\pm$ Scattering at the LHC: Breaking the TeV Barrier
Creators: name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Neundorf, Jonas
name: Peters, Krisztian
name: Ruiz, Richard
name: Saimpert, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the sensitivity to non-resonant, heavy Majorana neutrinos $N$ in same-sign $W^\pm W^\pm$ scattering at the $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV LHC and its high-luminosity upgrade. As a benchmark scenario, we work in the context of the Phenomenological Type I Seesaw model, relying on a simulation up to next-to-leading order in QCD with parton shower matching. After extensively studying the phenomenology of the $pp\toμ^\pmμ^\pm j j$ process at the amplitude and differential levels, we design a simple collider analysis with remarkable signal-background separation power. At 95\% confidence level we find that the squared muon-heavy neutrino mixing element $\vert V_{μN} \vert^{2}$ can be probed down to about $0.06-0.3 ~ (0.03-0.1)$ for $m_N = 1-10~{\rm TeV}$ with $\mathcal{L}=300$ fb$^{-1}~(3$ ab$^{-1})$. For heavier masses of $m_N = 20~{\rm TeV}$, we report sensitivity for $\vert V_{μN} \vert^{2}\gtrsim 0.5~(0.3)$. The $W^\pm W^\pm$ scattering channel can greatly extend the mass range covered by current LHC searches for heavy Majorana neutrinos and particularly adds invaluable sensitivity above a few hundred GeV. We comment on areas where the analysis can be improved as well as on the applicability to other tests of neutrino mass models.
description: Journal version: results unchanged, only minor revisions w.r.t. v1. 31 pages (including three appendices), nine figures (23 png and pdf files), eight tables
Measurement of Branching Fractions for $B\to χ_{c1(2)} K (K^*)$ at Belle
Creators: name: The Belle Collaboration
name: Soni, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the branching fractions for the exclusive decay modes $B\to χ_{c1(2)} K(K^*)$ using a $140~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. The measured branching fractions for $B^+\to χ_{c1}K^+$, $B^0\to χ_{c1}K^0$, $B^0\to χ_{c1}K^{*0}$ and $B^+\to χ_{c1}K^{*+}$ decay modes are $(4.5\pm 0.2\pm0.5)\times 10^{-4}$, $(3.5\pm 0.3\pm0.5)\times 10^{-4}$, $(3.1\pm 0.3\pm0.7)\times 10^{-4}$ and $(4.1\pm 0.6\pm0.9)\times 10^{-4}$, respectively, where the first error is statistical and the second error is systematic. We do not observe statistically significant signals for the $B\to χ_{c2}K(K^*)$ decay modes and set upper limits at the 90% confidence level. We also study the helicity distribution for $B\to χ_{c1} K^*$ decay mode and show that the longitudinal polarization component is dominant. {{\it Keywords:} {$B$-meson, Charmonium, Branching Fractions, Polarization}} {{\it PACS:} 13.25.Hw, 11.30.Er}
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to PLB
SIND BETRIEBSGEMEINSCHAFTEN WIRTSCHAFTLICHER ALS EINZELBETRIEBE?
Creators: name: Lips, Markus
name: Pulfer, Iris
name: Messer, Martin
name: Lips, Markus
name: Pulfer, Iris
name: Messer, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Betriebsgemeinschaft
subject: Einzelbetrieb
subject: Einkommen
subject: Regression
subject: Schweiz
subject: Farming collectives
subject: Income
subject: Individual farm
subject: Switzerland

description: The influence of farming collectives on income per annual work unit (AWU) is investigated by means of regressions for three types of farms with animal husbandry. The effects are relatively small, and turn out differently for the three farm types. Whereas the effect is negative for the dairy farms (-1200 CHF), collective farming in the case of combined dairying/arable-crop farms and combined pig/poultry farms leads to a higher income (+900 and +500 CHF, respectively). The latter two farm types are characterised by at least two important production branches, unlike the dairy farms, which have just one. The result for the dairy farms, however, does not call the farming collective into question as a growth opportunity. The usual scale effects that can be achieved by setting up a farming collective are markedly greater than the calculated influences on the income of the farming collectives. Gestützt auf Buchhaltungsergebnisse wird für drei Betriebstypen der Einfluss von Betriebsge-meinschaften auf das Einkommen pro Jahresarbeitseinheit (JAE) mittels Regressionen unter-sucht. Bei allen ist der Einfluss signifikant negativ und beträgt bei den Verkehrsmilchbetrie-ben CHF 11.000.-, bei den Verkehrsmilch-Ackerbaubetrieben CHF 8000.- und bei den Veredlungsbetrieben CHF 8600.-. Daraus lässt sich die Schlussfolgerung ziehen, dass Betriebsge-meinschaften im Quervergleich weniger wirtschaftlich sind als Einzelbetriebe. Bei allen Be-triebstypen wird deutlich, dass ein hoher Kapitaleinsatz pro Arbeitskraft einen positiven Ein-fluss auf das Einkommen hat.
Phantom depth and flat base change
Creators: name: Epstein, Neil M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13A35 (Primary) 13B40, 13C15 (Secondary)

description: We prove that if $f: (R,\m) \to (S,\n)$ is a flat local homomorphism, $S/\m S$ is Cohen-Macaulay and $F$-injective, and $R$ and $S$ share a weak test element, then a tight closure analogue of the (standard) formula for depth and regular sequences across flat base change holds. As a corollary, it follows that phantom depth commutes with completion for excellent local rings. We give examples to show that the analogue does not hold for surjective base change.
description: 8 pages
Narration of Reel #4 (collection LA 256)
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio files VP-190317-04a/c and VP-190317-05; video files VP-190317-04-1a/c, VP-190317-04-2, VP-190317-05-1, and VP-190317-05-2: Verdena narrates Reel #4 from the LA 256 collection at SCOIL (one of six reels of 8mm film created by Verdena in the 1960s, featuring scenes of everyday life around Hoopa Valley as well as Brush Dances). Narrated in English (VP-190317-04) and then in Hupa (VP-190317-05). Due to re-numbering, Reel #4 has been assigned the CLA item number LA256.043.
Dynamics of contentment
Creators: name: Burluka, Alexey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A continuous variable changing between 0 and 1 is introduced to characterise contentment, or satisfaction with life, of an individual and an equation governing its evolution is postulated from analysis of several factors likely to affect the contentment. As contentment is strongly affected by material well-being, a similar equation is formulated for wealth of an individual and from these two equations derived an evolution equation for the joint distribution of individuals' wealth and contentment within a society. The equation so obtained is used to compute evolution of this joint distribution in a society with initially low variation of wealth and contentment over a long period time. As illustration of this model capabilities, effects of the wealth tax rate are simulated and it is shown that a higher taxation in the longer run may lead to a wealthier and more content society. It is also shown that lower rates of the wealth tax lead to pronounced stratification of the society in terms of both wealth and contentment and that there is no direct relationship between the average values of these two variables.
ORGANIC FARMING IN DENMARK-PRODUCTIVITY, TECHNICAL CHANGE AND MARKET EXIT
Creators: name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Graversen, Jesper T.
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Graversen, Jesper T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Organic Farming
subject: Total Factor Productivity
subject: Market Exit

description: This paper attempts to quantitatively measure the change in the productivity of Danish organic farming in recent years. Based on a translog production frontier framework the technical and scale efficiency on farm level is analysed by following a time trends as well as a general index model specification. We further try to analyse the significance of subsidies for promoting long term growth in organic production by estimating a bootstrapped bivariate probit model with respect to factors influencing the probability of organic market exit. The results revealed significant differencies in the organic farms' technical efficiencies, no significant total factor productivity growth and even a slightly negative rate of technical change in the period investigated. We found evidence for a positive relationship between subsidy payments and an increase in farm efficiency, technology improvements and a decreasing probability of organic market exit which was also confirmed for off farm income.
BIO-ENERGY-A BY-PRODUCT OF RURAL LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE?
Creators: name: Huber, Robert
name: Huber, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: bio-energy
subject: rural landscape maintenance
subject: multifunctionality

description: Environmental goals play a crucial role in the economic assessment of bio-energy production, particularly in countries where the agricultural sector is less competitive. In addition to the reduction of CO2 emissions, advanced biomass conversion technologies could contribute to the maintenance of landscape functions, such as the upkeep of rural scenery. From this perspective, energy production would be a by-product of the provision of environmental goods and services. This paper analyses, from a theoretical point of view, the consideration of alternative actors using biomass conversion facilities in connection with landscape maintenance and presents a case study from the Swiss lowlands. Results show that a societal optimal solution can be achieved with lower public expenditure and underlines the importance of technological development in bio-energy production.
Early BVRcIc imaging and the discovery of the optical afterglow of GRB 041218
Creators: name: Torii, Ken'ichi
name: Fukazawa, Yuuichi
name: Tsunemi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report early BVRcIc imaging of the INTEGRAL GRB 041218. The observation started 129 s after the burst and a sequence of exposures in V, Rc, Ic, and B bands were repeated. The optical afterglow is detected in Rc and Ic bands while it was not detected in B and V. We find that the early afterglow deviates from a single power law decay and identify two characteristic timescales (breaks). Such breaks are theoretically expected from synchrotron cooling in the relativistic fireball (Sari et al. 1998) and we crudely constrain the physical condition of the relativistic shock.
description: A&A Letters, in press
From soft to hard radiation: the role of multiple scatterings in medium-induced gluon emissions
Creators: name: Andres, Carlota
name: Dominguez, Fabio
name: Martinez, Marcos Gonzalez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proper understanding of the physics of medium-induced gluon emissions is known to be of critical importance to describe the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions. In this regard, many theoretical efforts have been directed towards obtaining analytical calculations which might help us discerning the underlying physical picture and the dominant dynamics for different regimes. These analytical approaches rely on approximations whose validity is analyzed here by comparing their results with a recently developed numerical evaluation which includes all-order resummation of multiple scatterings. More specifically, by quantitatively comparing the energy spectrum and rates, we observe that three different regimes -- each with its corresponding physical picture -- emerge naturally from the equations: the high-energy regime where the emission process is dominated by a single hard scattering, the intermediate-energy regime where coherence effects among multiple scatterings become fundamental, and the low-energy regime where the dynamics is again dominated by a single scattering but where one must include the suppression factor due to the probability of not having any further scatterings (which is obtained through the resummation of virtual terms).
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. New appendix. Matches published version in JHEP
Magnetic rotation study of the A3[pi]1u-X1[epsilon]g+ system of 79Br2
Creators: name: Boone, Christopher D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The A³ Π ₁[sub u]-X¹Σ⁺[ sub g] system of ⁷⁹Br₂ has been studied using magnetic rotation spectroscopy. A new procedure has been introduced to simplify the calculation of magnetic rotation spectra. The A state was investigated over a range of vibrations 13 < v < 37, which extended to within 2 Cm⁻¹ of the dissociation limit for the A state. A global analysis was performed on the A state, making use of near-dissociation expansions. From the global analysis, the following parameters were obtained: D (dissociation energy, relative to v = 0, J = 0 in the ground state) = 15,894.619 ± 0.007 cm⁻¹, v[sub D] (effective vibration at dissociation) = 41.544 ± 0.013 and C₅ (a parameter describing the long-range form of the potential) = 61,700 ± 900 cm⁻¹ A⁵. From the potential curve generated in the global analysis, the following spectroscopic parameters were determined for the A state: r[sub e] (equilibrium distance) = 2.7026 Å, Be (equilibrium rotational constant) = 0.05849 cm⁻¹, D[sub e] (binding energy) = 2147.82 cm⁻¹, and T[sub e] (energy relative to the minimum of the X state potential) = 13,909.14 cm⁻¹. From an analysis of the long-range potential of the A state, it was determined that the dissociation energy relative to v = 0, J = 0 in the ground state was 15,894.58 ± 0.01 cm⁻¹; this differed significantly from the value obtained in the global analysis, a consequence of the fact that the global analysis gave effective values for the parameters determined. The Ω-type doubling constant in the A state was observed to level off as a function of v above v = 19. Structure in low-J lines was attributed to hyperfine structure in the A state. Extra lines were observed in the spectrum, including an entire series of extra lines associated with v = 27 in the A state that extended over a range of J from 2 to 32. Many of these extra lines, including the extra series, arise from perturbation-allowed transitions to levels in the A’³Π₂[sub u] electronic state. Using the extra lines, an estimate was made for the energy of the A' state (relative to the bottom of the potential in the ground state): 13,187 ± 20 cm⁻¹.
Testing evolution of LFQPOs with mass accretion rate in GRS 1915+105 with Insight-HXMT
Creators: name: Liu, Honghui
name: Ji, Long
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Jain, Pankaj
name: Misra, Ranjeev
name: Rawat, Divya
name: Yadav, J. S.
name: Zhang, Yuexin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Insight-HXMT observations of GRS 1915+105 when it exhibits low frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), we measure the evolution of the QPO frequency along with disk inner radius and mass accretion rate. We find a tight positive correlation between the QPO frequency and mass accretion rate. Our results extend the finding of previous work with AstroSat to a larger range of accretion rate with independent instruments and observations. Treating the QPO frequency of GRS 1915+105 as the relativistic dynamic frequency of a truncated disk, we are able to confirm the high spin nature of the black hole in GRS 1915+105. We also address the potential of our finding to test general relativity in the future.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. v2: refereed version
Insights into the Carbon chemistry of Mon R2
Creators: name: Rizzo, J. R.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Garcia-Burillo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aiming to learn about the chemistry of the dense PDR around the ultracompact (UC) HII region in Mon R2, we have observed a series of mm-wavelength transitions of C3H2 and C2H. In addition, we have traced the distribution of other molecules, such as H13CO+, SiO, HCO, and HC3N. These data, together with the reactive ions recently detected, have been considered to determine the physical conditions and to model the PDR chemistry. We then identified two kind of molecules. The first group, formed by the reactive ions (CO+, HOC+) and small hydrocarbons (C2H, C3H2), traces the surface layers of the PDR and is presumably exposed to a high UV field (hence we called it as "high UV", or HUV). HUV species is expected to dominate for visual absorptions 2 < Av < 5 mag. A second group (less exposed to the UV field, and hence called "low UV", or LUV) includes HCO and SiO, and is mainly present at the edges of the PDR (Av > 5 mag). While the abundances of the HUV molecules can be explained by gas phase models, this is not the case for the studied LUV ones. Although some efficient gas-phase reactions might be lacking, grain chemistry sounds like a probable mechanism able to explain the observed enhancement of HCO and SiO. Within this scenario, the interaction of UV photons with grains produces an important effect on the molecular gas chemistry and constitutes the first evidence of an ionization front created by the UC HII region carving its host molecular cloud. The physical conditions and kinematics of the gas layer which surrounds the UC HII region were derived from the HUV molecules. Molecular hydrogen densities > 4 10^6 cm^(-3) are required to reproduce the observations. Such high densities suggest that the HII region could be pressure-confined by the surrounding high density molecular gas.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by Astrophysical Journal
DeepFakesON-Phys: DeepFakes Detection based on Heart Rate Estimation
Creators: name: Hernandez-Ortega, Javier
name: Tolosana, Ruben
name: Fierrez, Julian
name: Morales, Aythami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work introduces a novel DeepFake detection framework based on physiological measurement. In particular, we consider information related to the heart rate using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG). rPPG methods analyze video sequences looking for subtle color changes in the human skin, revealing the presence of human blood under the tissues. In this work we investigate to what extent rPPG is useful for the detection of DeepFake videos. The proposed fake detector named DeepFakesON-Phys uses a Convolutional Attention Network (CAN), which extracts spatial and temporal information from video frames, analyzing and combining both sources to better detect fake videos. This detection approach has been experimentally evaluated using the latest public databases in the field: Celeb-DF and DFDC. The results achieved, above 98% AUC (Area Under the Curve) on both databases, outperform the state of the art and prove the success of fake detectors based on physiological measurement to detect the latest DeepFake videos.