cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Angular momentum evolution in 1D stellar models
Creators: name: Gossage, Seth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Abstract: Self-consistent, large grids of 1D stellar evolution models that utilize magnetic braking formalisms are relatively new. Amard et al. 2019 presented one of the first such grids, using the STAREVOL stellar evolution code. I will present a comparison of results from another early grid (Gossage et al. 2021) that follow the implementation of two magnetic braking formalisms in MESA stellar evolution models. The aforementioned comparison is between the formalisms Matt et al. 2015 and Garraffo et al. 2018, the latter of which considers a parameterization of the effect of magnetic field complexity for the first time in a magnetic braking law. I will briefly explain the details of each formalism, present our findings, and outline evidence from both sets of models that suggests possible missing mass dependencies in our understanding of magnetic braking.
description: Presented by Seth Gossage at Cool Stars 21 Splinter Session "What's up with spin down?" (July 4th, 2022)
description: {"references": ["Matt, S. P., et al. (2015), ApJ, 799, L23", "Wright, N. J., et al. (2018), MNRAS, 479, 2351", "Gossage, S., et al. (2021), ApJ, 912, 65", "Garraffo, C., et al. (2018), ApJ, 862, 90", "Garraffo, C., et al. (2016), A&A, 595, A110", "van Saders, J. L., et al. (2016), Nature, 529, 181", "Kochukov, O. (2020), A&ARv, 29, 1", "Spada, F., & Lanzafame, A. C. (2020), A&A, 636, A76", "Douglas, S. T., et al. (2017), ApJ, 842, 83", "Rebull, L. M., et al. (2016), AJ, 152, 113", "R\u00e9ville, V., et al. (2015), ApJ, 798, 116", "Kawaler, S. D. (1988), ApJ, 333, 236", "Garraffo, C., et al. (2018), ApJ, 868, 60", "Gallet, F., & Bouvier, J. (2013), A&A, 556, A36", "Amard, L., et al. (2019), A&A, 631, A77", "Matt, S., & Pudritz, R. E. (2005), ApJ, 632, L135", "Matt, S., Pudritz, R. E. (2008) ApJ, 678, 1109", "Matt, S. P., et al. (2012), ApJL, 754, L26", "Paxton, B., et al. (2011), ApJS, 192, 3", "Paxton, B., et al. (2013), ApJS, 208, 4", "Paxton, B., et al. (2015), ApJS, 220, 15", "Paxton, B., et al. (2019), ApJS, 243, 10"]}
title: dnj-14: a new C. elegans model for neurodegenerative diseases
Creators: name: Kashyap, Sudhanva
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Human neurodegenerative diseases are becoming an increasing burden on society as populations age. However, the underlying mechanisms that cause age-dependent neurodegeneration still remain unclear. Consequently, therapies for these debilitating and eventually fatal disorders are lacking. Simple model organisms have great potential for uncovering conserved mechanisms of neurodegeneration and thus for identifying neuroprotective drugs. In this study we describe a new C. elegans model of age-dependent neurodegeneration caused by mutation of the dnj-14 gene. DNJ-14 is the worm homologue of cysteine string protein (CSP), a neuronal chaperone protein that prevents the misfolding of presynaptic proteins. Previously it has been shown that CSP knockout mice have a short lifespan and exhibit progressive age-related neurotransmission defects, sensorimotor dysfunction and pre-synaptic neurodegeneration. We show in this study that mutations in C. elegans dnj-14 also result in a significant reduction of lifespan. In addition, dnj-14 mutants exhibit age-dependent reductions in locomotion and sensitivity to aldicarb - a behavioural read-out of cholinergic neurotransmission. The above phenotypes correlate to an age-dependent loss of neurons as indicated by the punctate/abnormal expression of the GFP marker in dnj-14 worms. This loss of neurons in the head region corresponds with a reduced ability of the dnj-14 mutants to reach a food source or a volatile attractant indicating the loss of chemosensory neurons. Treatment with resveratrol, a polyphenol with a neuroprotective role in several neurodegenerative disease models, rescues the phenotypes of the dnj-14 mutant worms. This suggests that the dnj-14 model can be used to identify generic neuroprotective interventions rather than drug targets that are disease specific. CSP is thought to prevent neurodegeneration by chaperoning the synaptic SNARE protein, SNAP-25. In this study we have shown that the mutation of ric-4, worm SNAP-25 homologue, produced phenotypes similar to those seen in dnj-14 mutants, suggesting a functional interaction between the two presynaptic proteins. The dnj-14;ric-4 double mutant showed no further deterioration of lifespan and locomotion phenotype. This suggested genetic epistasis in C. elegans similar to CSP knock out mice. Moreover, treatment with resveratrol rescued the lifespan phenotype of the ric-4 worms and also the ric-4;dnj-14 double mutant. Overexpression of ric-4 in dnj-14 mutants rescued the lifespan and chemosensory defects as seen in the food race assays. This further suggests that the dnj-14 model is similar to the CSP knock out model in mice. More importantly, mutations in CSP cause Adult-onset Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (ANCL), a human neurodegenerative disease. Hence, characterisation of dnj-14 mutants could well act as a model to study ANCL.
Health Care Use and Costs Associated With Use of a Health Club Membership Benefit in Older Adults with Diabetes
Creators: name: LoGerfo, J. P.
name: Gao, S.
name: Lin, E.
name: Nguyen, H. Q.
name: Maciejewski, M. L.
name: Williams, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine whether elective use of a health plan–sponsored health club membership had an impact on health care use and costs among older adults with diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Administrative claims for 2,031 older adults with diabetes enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan were obtained for this retrospective cohort study. Participants (n = 618) in the plan-sponsored health club benefit (Silver Sneakers [SS]) and control subjects (n = 1,413) matched on SS enrollment index date were enrolled in the plan for at least 1 year before the index date. Two-year health care use and costs of SS participants and control subjects were estimated in regressions adjusting for baseline differences.RESULTS—SS participants were more likely to be male, had a lower chronic disease burden, used more preventive services, and had a lower prevalence of arthritis (P ≤ 05). SS participants had lower adjusted total health care costs than control subjects in the first year after enrollment (−$1,633 [95% CI −$2,620 to −$646], P = 0.001), and adjusted total costs in year 2 trended lower (−$1,230 [−$2,494 to $33], P = 0.06). Participants who made on average ≥2 SS visits/week in year 1 had lower total costs in year 2 ($2,141 [−$3,877 to −$405], P = 0.02) than participants who made <2 visits/week.CONCLUSIONS—Use of a health club benefit by older adults with diabetes was associated with slower growth in total health care costs over 2 years; greater use of the benefit was actually associated with declines in total costs.
title: Micro-computed tomography for high resolution soft tissue imaging; applications in the normal and failing heart
Creators: name: Stephenson, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: The normal structure and function of the heart, the common pathological changes that cause abnormal function and the interventions proposed to improve or restore its function are fundamentally based on cardiac anatomy. Therefore in all these areas a detailed and accurate understanding of 3D structure is essential. However there is still disparity over some aspects of the form and function of the healthy heart. Furthermore, in heart failure (HF) the transition from compensated to decompensated HF is poorly understood, and details of ventricular, and particularly atrial, remodelling and their effects on cardiac function are yet to be fully elucidated. In addition little is known on how the 3D morphology of the cardiac conduction system is affected in disease, and further knowledge is required on the structural substrates for arrhythmogenesis associated with HF. Here we have developed contrast enhanced micro-CT for soft tissue imaging, allowing non-invasive high resolution (~5 µm attainable) differentiation of multiple soft tissue types including; muscle, connective tissue and fat. Micro-CT was optimised for imaging of whole intact mammalian hearts and from these data we reveal novel morphological and anatomical detail in healthy hearts and in hearts after experimental HF (volume and pressure overload). Remodelling of the myocardium in HF was dramatic with significant hypertrophy and dilatation observed in both atria and ventricles. The atria showed a 67% increase in myocardial volume, with the left atrium showing a 93% increase. The pectinate muscle: wall thickness ratio was significantly increased in both atria (p=
High quality factor, fully switchable THz superconducting metasurface
Creators: name: Scalari, Giacomo
name: Maissen, Curdin
name: Cibella, Sara
name: Leoni, Roberto
name: Faist, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complementary THz metasurface realised with Niobium thin film which displays a quality factor Q=54 and a fully switchable behaviour as a function of the temperature. The switching behaviour and the high quality factor are due to a careful design of the metasurface aimed at maximising the ohmic losses when the Nb is above the critical temperature and minimising the radiative coupling. The superconductor allows the operation of the cavity with an high Q and inductive elements with an high aspect ratio. Comparison with three dimensional finite element simulations highlights the crucial role of the inductive elements and of the kinetic inductance of the Cooper pairs in achieving the high quality factor and the high field enhancement.
Variation in TCF7L2 and Increased Risk of Colon Cancer: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Creators: name: Bielinski, S. J.
name: Pankow, J. S.
name: Folsom, A. R.
name: Peacock, J. M.
name: Heiss, G.
name: Boerwinkle, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: To determine whether variation in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, which influences diabetes risk, is associated with incidence of cancers.
Addressing Literacy and Numeracy to Improve Diabetes Care: Two randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Rothman, R. L.
name: Cavanaugh, K.
name: Huizinga, M. M.
name: Gebretsadik, T.
name: Shintani, A.
name: Elasy, T. A.
name: Wallston, K. A.
name: Malone, R.
name: Davis, D.
name: Pignone, M.
name: DeWalt, D.
name: Gregory, R. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: OBJECTIVE - Diabetic patients with lower literacy or numeracy skills are at greater risk for poor diabetes outcomes. This study evaluated the impact of providing literacy- and numeracy-sensitive diabetes care within an enhanced diabetes care program on AlC and other diabetes outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - In two randomized controlled trials, we enrolled 198 adult diabetic patients with most recent A1C ≥7.0%, referred for participation in an enhanced diabetes care program. For 3 months, control patients received care from existing enhanced diabetes care programs, whereas intervention patients received enhanced programs that also addressed literacy and numeracy at each institution. Intervention pro- , viders received health communication training and used the interactive Diabetes Literacy and Numeracy Education Toolkit with patients. A1C was measured at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes included self-efficacy, self-management behaviors, and treatment satisfaction. RESULTS - At 3 months, both intervention and control patients had significant improvements in A1C from baseline (intervention -1.50 [95% CI -1.80 to -1.02]; control -0.80 [-1.10 to -0.30]). In adjusted analysis, there was greater improvement in A1C in the intervention group than in the control group (P = 0.03). At 6 months, there were no , differences in A1C between intervention and control groups. Self-efficacy improved from , baseline for both groups. No significant differences were found for self-management behaviors or satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS - A literacy- and numeracy-focused diabetes care program modestly improved self-efficacy and glycemic control compared with standard enhanced diabetes care, but the difference attenuated after conclusion of the intervention.
The Superconformal Index of the (2,0) Theory with Defects
Creators: name: Bullimore, Mathew
name: Kim, Hee-Cheol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the supersymmetric partition function of the six-dimensional $(2,0)$ theory of type $A_{N-1}$ on $S^1 \times S^5$ in the presence of both codimension two and codimension four defects. We concentrate on a limit of the partition function depending on a single parameter. From the allowed supersymmetric configurations of defects we find a precise match with the characters of irreducible modules of $W_N$ algebras and affine Lie algebras of type $A_{N-1}$.
description: 47 pages, 5 figures, Version 2: minor corrections, references updated, JHEP version
title: Anomalous B(E2)4+/2+ ratios in the neutron-deficient nuclide 168Os and 166W
Creators: name: Saygi, Bahadir
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: The structure of the neutron-deficient nuclides 168Os and 166W has been investigated in experiments using the JUROGAM γ-ray spectrometer and GREAT spectrometer in conjunction with RITU separator at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The excitation level scheme for 168Os has been extended and the lifetimes of excited states in 166W have been measured using the DPUNS differential plunger and the recoil distance Doppler-shift method. These states were produced using by a fusion-evaporation reaction using a 92Mo target and a 78Kr beam. This thesis addresses the anomalous B(E2;4+ → 2+)/B(E2;2+ → 0+) ratios measured for these neutron-deficient N = 92 isotones. The extended level scheme of 168Os has revealed several new features. These features were investigated in a model using the Bateman equations and based on the differential decay curve method to provide possible explanations for the anomalous B(E2)4+/2+ ratios in 168Os extracted from recent lifetime measurements by Grahn et al [1]. In a complementary experiment, the lifetimes of the 2+, 4+, 6+, 12+ and 14+ excited states in 166W have been measured for the first time using recoil gated γ- γ-coincidence spectra. The measured reduced transition probabilities revealed a B(E2; 4+ →2+)/B(E2; 2+ → 0+) ratio less than unity. The B(E2) value for the transitions between high-spin states provides evidence for a weak interaction strength at the ground-Stockholm band crossing.
Association of Type 1 Diabetes With Month of Birth Among U.S. Youth: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Creators: name: Dabelea, D.
name: Morgan, T. M.
name: Kahn, H. S.
name: Case, L. D.
name: Imperatore, G.
name: Lawrence, J. M.
name: Marcovina, S. M.
name: Mayer-Davis, E. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: OBJECTIVE - Seasonal environment at birth may influence diabetes incidence in later life. We sought evidence for this effect in a large sample of diabetic youth residing in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We compared the distribution of birth months within the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH study) with the monthly distributions in U.S. births tabulated by race for years 1982-2005. SEARCH study participants (9,737 youth with type 1 diabetes and 1,749 with type 2 diabetes) were identified by six collaborating U.S. centers. RESULTS— Among type 1 diabetic youth, the percentage of observed to expected births differed across the months (P = 0.0092; decreased in October-February and increased in March―July). Their smoothed birth-month estimates demonstrated a deficit in November-February births and an excess in April-July births (smoothed May versus January relative risk [RR] = 1.06 [95% CI 1.02―1.11]). Stratifications by sex or by three racial groups showed similar patterns relating type 1 diabetes to month of birth. Stratification by geographic regions showed a peak-to-nadir RR of 1.10 [1.04-1.16] in study regions from the northern latitudes (Colorado, western Washington State, and southern Ohio) but no birth-month effect (P > 0.9) in study regions from more southern locations. Among type 2 diabetic youth, associations with birth month were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS— Spring births were associated with increased likelihood of type 1 diabetes but possibly not in all U.S. regions. Causal mechanisms may involve factors dependent on geographic latitude such as solar irradiance, but it is unknown whether they influence prenatal or early postnatal development.
title: Renal biomarkers in Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Creators: name: Watson, Louise
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Background: Juvenile-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (JSLE) is a rare, but severe, autoimmune condition with lupus nephritis (LN) occurring in up to 80% of patients and predisposing to an increased mortality. Aims/Objectives: As part of the UK JSLE Cohort Study this study aimed to identify whether standard and/or novel biomarkers are useful for monitoring LN and to assess whether novel urine biomarkers are released from the podocyte (kidney epithelial cell). Method/Results: A prospective translational study encompassing a clinical cross sectional biomarker analysis, a longitudinal observational biomarker study and scientific laboratory investigation. The study had full ethical approval. Cross sectional investigation identified whether (a) urine biomarkers (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP1; alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, AGP; interferon producing protein-10, IP10; neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, NGAL) or (b) plasma biomarkers (interferon-gamma, IFN-γ; IP10; tumour necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α; interleukin 6, IL6; IL1β; MCP1; IL13; vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) are increased in JSLE patients with active renal disease. JSLE patients (n=60) and healthy controls (n=23) were recruited. Of JSLE patients, 45 were female (75%) and aged 14.7 (12.2-16.1) years. All had ≥ 4 ACR SLE classification criteria (median 5, range 4-9). Urinary MCP1 concentration increased in patients with JSLE active renal disease compared to JSLE non-active renal disease (582 (251-2100) pg/mgCr; 207 (121-280) pg/mgCr; p=0.018) and healthy controls (117 (68-193) pg/mgCr; p=0.005), AGP concentration also increased (JSLE active renal disease: 1517 (753-2389) ng/mgCr; JSLE non-active renal disease: 485 (212-967) ng/mgCr; p=0.027; healthy controls 313 (108-729) ng/mgCr; p=0.013). On cross sectional testing IP10 and NGAL showed no significant difference. Plasma analysis demonstrated increased IL-13 and a trend toward increased IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and VEGF in patients with JSLE active renal disease (n=12). For prospective longitudinal analysis, JSLE samples were collected at clinical reviews and standard/novel biomarkers assessed against disease activity. The longitudinal JSLE cohort (n=64), seen at 3 (IQR: 2-5) clinical reviews over 364 (182-532) days were aged 14.1 (11.8-15.8) years and 80% female. Active renal episodes had increased concentration of; MCP-1, NGAL, ESR, anti-double stranded DNA, urine albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR), creatinine, and reduced complement 3 (C3), C4 and lymphocytes. On multivariate analysis, MCP-1 and C3 were independent variables (p
Microwave spectroscopic observation of a Wigner solid within the 1/2 fractional quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Hatke, A. T.
name: Liu, Yang
name: Engel, L. W.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
name: Baldwin, K. W.
name: Shayegan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) states at half integer Landau fillings ($ν$) have long been of great interest, since they have correlations that differ from those of the fundamental Laughlin states found at odd denominators. At $ν=1/2$ the FQHE has been observed in wide or double quantum wells, and is ascribed to the two-component Halperin-Laughlin $Ψ_{331}$ state. $Ψ_{331}$ excitations carry charge $\pm e/4$, like the carriers of $ν=5/2$ states which are of interest in quantum computation. Further, such an excitation (quasiparticle or -hole) of $Ψ_{331}$ has unequal, opposite charge in the top and bottom layers, and hence an up or down dipole moment. Here we report evidence for a Wigner solid (WS) of such dipolar quasiholes from a quantitative study of the microwave spectra of a wide quantum well (WQW) at $ν$ close to 1/2.
title: Stx-Phage Integration and Multiple Lysogeny in Escherichia coli
Creators: name: C. M. Fogg, Paul
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The characteristic virulence factor of shigatoxigenic E. coli strains (STEC) is the expression of Shiga-toxin encoded in the late gene region of temperate lambdoid phages. The use of differentially labelled isogenic recombinant Stx phage (cD24B) had demonstrated the production of true double lysogens in E. coli, contrary to the lambda immunity model, however, the insertion sites and underlying mechanisms had not been determined. Here, the bacteriophage <1>24B integrase gene and the preferred site of insertion in the E. coli genome have been identified. The integrase encoded by <1>24B differs significantly from the integrases of all other previously characterised phages, and the insertion site shares 24 bp of complimentary sequence with the phage aUP site. Furthermore, an additional 3 integration sites in the E. coli genome were elucidated, each with a decreased level of ide'ntity with the aUP site. Triple lysogens could be produced by means of isogenic phage in which the stx gene was interrupted with kanamycin, chloramphenicol and spectinomycin resistance genes as reporters. There were seven possible sites of integration identified, two of which lay within predicted essential genes in the E. coli genome, and thus could not be occupied, and integration at another site was never observed. The preferred integration site described above was close to an integrase gene on the E. coli chromosome but it was demonstrated unequivocally that this host integrase was not responsible for the multiple integration events. The complete partially annotated genome sequence of <1>24B revealed the presence of a gene homologous to the putative antirepressor encoding genes ofVT2-Sa and Lahul and similarity to the well-characterised phage P22 ant gene. Antirepressors bind to the lambdoid phage cI repressor responsible for superinfection immunity and it is therefore possible that the presence of an ant gene on 24B-like. Demonstration of the ability of
Diabetes in African American Youth: Prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Creators: name: Beyer, J.
name: Marcovina, S.
name: Dabelea, D.
name: D'Agostino, R.
name: Imperatore, G.
name: Bell, R. A.
name: Liu, L.
name: Lawrence, J. M.
name: Liese, A. D.
name: Mayer-Davis, E. J.
name: Rodriguez, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: OBJECTIVE —To report the prevalence and incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among African American youth and to describe demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a population-based, multicenter observational study of youth with clinically diagnosed diabetes aged 0–19 years, were used to estimate the prevalence for calendar year 2001 (692 cases) and incidence based on 748 African American case subjects diagnosed in 2002–2005. Characteristics of these youth were obtained during a research visit for 436 African American youth with type 1 diabetes and 212 African American youth with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS —Among African American youth aged 0–9 years, prevalence (per 1,000) of type 1 diabetes was 0.57 (95% CI 0.47–0.69) and for those aged 10–19 years 2.04 (1.85–2.26). Among African American youth aged 0–9 years, annual type 1 diabetes incidence (per 100,000) was 15.7 (13.7–17.9) and for those aged 10–19 years 15.7 (13.8–17.8). A1C was ≥9.5% among 50% of youth with type 1 diabetes aged ≥15 years. Across age-groups and sex, 44.7% of African American youth with type 1 diabetes were overweight or obese. Among African American youth aged 10–19 years, prevalence (per 1,000) of type 2 diabetes was 1.06 (0.93–1.22) and annual incidence (per 100,000) was 19.0 (16.9–21.3). About 60% of African American youth with type 2 diabetes had an annual household income of 90% were overweight or obese. CONCLUSIONS —Type 1 diabetes presents a serious burden among African American youth aged <10 years, and African American adolescents are impacted substantially by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Solving the collective-risk social dilemma with risky assets in well-mixed and structured populations
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaojie
name: Zhang, Yanling
name: Huang, Ting-Zhu
name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In the collective-risk social dilemma, players lose their personal endowments if contributions to the common pool are too small. This fact alone, however, does not always deter selfish individuals from defecting. The temptations to free-ride on the prosocial efforts of others are strong because we are hardwired to maximize our own fitness regardless of the consequences this might have for the public good. Here we show that the addition of risky assets to the personal endowments, both of which are lost if the collective target is not reached, can contribute to solving the collective-risk social dilemma. In infinite well-mixed populations risky assets introduce new stable and unstable mixed steady states, whereby the stable mixed steady state converges to full cooperation as either the risk of collective failure or the amount of risky assets increases. Similarly, in finite well-mixed populations the introduction of risky assets enforces configurations where cooperative behavior thrives. In structured populations cooperation is promoted as well, but the distribution of assets amongst the groups is crucial. Surprisingly, we find that the completely rational allocation of assets only to the most successful groups is not optimal, and this regardless of whether the risk of collective failure is high or low. Instead, in low-risk situations bounded rational allocation of assets works best, while in high-risk situations the simplest uniform distribution of assets among all the groups is optimal. These results indicate that prosocial behavior depends sensitively on the potential losses individuals are likely to endure if they fail to cooperate.
description: 10 two-column pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Diabetes in Hispanic American Youth: Prevalence, incidence, demographics, and clinical characteristics: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Creators: name: Mayer-Davis, E. J.
name: Hamman, R. F.
name: Marcovina, S. M.
name: D'Agostino, R. B.
name: Reynolds, K.
name: Beyer, J.
name: Pettitt, D. J.
name: Imperatore, G.
name: Lawrence, J. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: OBJECTIVE: To report the 2001 prevalence and 2002-2005 incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Hispanic American youth and to describe the demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of these youth.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a population-based multicenter observational study of youth aged 0-19 years with physician-diagnosed diabetes, were used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Information obtained by questionnaire, physical examination, and blood and urine collection was analyzed to describe the characteristics of youth who completed a study visit.

RESULTS: Among Hispanic American youth, type 1 diabetes was more prevalent than type 2 diabetes, including in youth aged 10-19 years. There were no significant sex differences in type 1 or type 2 diabetes prevalence. The incidence of type 2 diabetes for female subjects aged 10-14 years was twice that of male subjects (P < 0.005), while among youth aged 15-19 years the incidence of type 2 diabetes exceeded that of type 1 diabetes for female subjects (P < 0.05) but not for male subjects. Poor glycemic control, defined as A1C >or=9.5%, as well as high LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were common among youth aged >or=15 years with either type of diabetes. Forty-four percent of youth with type 1 diabetes were overweight or obese.

CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as poor glycemic control, elevated lipids, and a high prevalence of overweight and obesity may put Hispanic youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes at risk for future diabetes-related complications.
Diabetes in Non-Hispanic White Youth: Prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Creators: name: Liu, L. L.
name: Beyer, J. W.
name: Williams, D.
name: Rodriguez, B. L.
name: Lawrence, J. M.
name: Dabelea, D.
name: Mayer-Davis, E. J.
name: Marcovina, S. M.
name: Linder, B.
name: D'Agostino, R. B.
name: Bell, R. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of diabetes among U.S. non-Hispanic white (NHW) youth.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH study), a multicenter study of diabetes among youth aged 0-19 years, were examined. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years across 4 incident years (2002-2005), and prevalence in 2001 was calculated per 1,000 youths. Information obtained by questionnaire, physical examination, and blood and urine collection was analyzed to describe the characteristics of youth who completed an in-person visit.

RESULTS: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes (at ages 0-19 years) was 2.00/1,000, which was similar for male (2.02/1,000) and female (1.97/1,000) subjects. The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 23.6/100,000, slightly higher for male compared with female subjects (24.5 vs. 22.7 per 100,000, respectively, P = 0.04). Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes among youth aged 0-14 years in the SEARCH study are higher than all previously reported U.S. studies and many European studies. Few cases of type 2 diabetes in youth aged <10 years were found. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (at ages 10-19 years) was 0.18/1,000, which is significantly higher for female compared with male subjects (0.22 vs. 0.15 per 1,000, P = 0.01). Incidence of type 2 diabetes was 3.7/100,000, with similar rates for female and male subjects (3.9 vs. 3.4 per 1,000, respectively, P = 0.3). High levels of abnormal cardiometabolic and behavioral risk factor profiles were common among youth with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. For example, within each of four age-groups for youth with type 1 diabetes and two age-groups for youth with type 2 diabetes, >40% had elevated LDL cholesterol, and <3% of youth aged >10 years met current recommendations for intake of saturated fat. Among youth aged >or=15 years, 18% with type 1 and 26% with type 2 diabetes were current smokers.

CONCLUSIONS: The SEARCH study is one of the most comprehensive studies of diabetes in NHW youth. The incidence of type 1 diabetes in NHW youth in the U.S. is one of the highest in the world. While type 2 diabetes is still relatively rare, rates are several-fold higher than those reported by European countries. We believe efforts directed at improving the cardiometabolic and behavioral risk factor profiles in this population are warranted.
title: Παγιωμένος και αναπτυξιακός τρόπος σκέψης των εκπαιδευτικών στην προσέγγιση μαθητών με χαμηλή επίδοση. Απόψεις εκπαιδευτικών
title: Consolidated and developmental way of thinking of educators in approaching low-achieving students. Teachers' views
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μόλαρη, Αθανασία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Παγιωμένος-αναπτυξιακός τρόπος σκέψης
Νοημοσύνη
Διαφοροποιημένη διδασκαλία
Αυτοαντίληψη

description: Ο τρόπος σκέψης των εκπαιδευτικών είναι καθοριστικός στην τέλεση της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας αφού με βάση αυτόν οι εκπαιδευτικοί προβαίνουν στις διδακτικές και παιδαγωγικές τους επιλογές. Ο σημαντικός ρόλος του εκπαιδευτικού στην σχολική επίδοση των μαθητών έχει αποτελέσει αντικείμενο πολλαπλών ερευνών με συμπεράσματα που υποστηρίζουν πως ο εκπαιδευτικός καθορίζει με τις γνώσεις και τη συμπεριφορά του την ποιότητα του εκπαιδευτικού αποτελέσματος (Ξωχέλλης, 2005 όπ. αναφ. στο Θεοδοσιάδου., 2016). Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνήθηκαν οι απόψεις 7 εκπαιδευτικών σε δημόσια σχολεία της Αττικής σχετικά με τη σταθερή και ρέουσα νοημοσύνη, τη δύναμη της παρακίνησης των μαθητών, την εφαρμογή της διαφοροποιημένης διδασκαλίας και τη δύναμη της αυτοαντίληψης των μαθητών. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας οι εκπαιδευτικοί του δείγματος επιδεικνύουν, σε πολύ μεγάλο ποσοστό, αναπτυξιακό τρόπο σκέψης αναπτύσσοντας στενές σχέσεις και υψηλές προσδοκίες για τους μαθητές τους. Αναγνωρίζουν τη σημασία της παρακίνησης και ενθαρρύνουν την ενεργή συμμετοχή όλων των μαθητών στο μάθημα. Αντιλαμβάνονται τη μοναδικότητα του κάθε παιδιού και προσπαθούν να εφαρμόζουν τεχνικές διαφοροποιημένης διδασκαλίας. Πιστεύουν στη ρέουσα νοημοσύνη και στη μεταβλητότητα της μέσα από την εξελισσόμενη εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Ωστόσο, υπάρχουν συγκεκριμένα σημεία όπου εκφράζουν παγιωμένο σκεπτικό που όμως είναι λίγα και χάνεται η όποια αρνητική επίδραση.
Barycentric straightening and bounded cohomology
Creators: name: Lafont, Jean-François
name: Wang, Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the barycentric straightening of simplices in irreducible symmetric spaces of non-compact type. We show that, for an n-dimensional symmetric space of rank r>1, the p-Jacobian has uniformly bounded norm, as soon as p is at least n-r+2. As a consequence, for a non-compact, connected, semisimple real Lie group G, in degrees n-r+2 and higher, every cohomology class has a bounded representative. This answers Dupont's problem in small codimension. We also give examples of symmetric spaces where the barycentrically straightened simplices of dimension n-r have unbounded volume, showing that the range in which we obtain boundedness of the p-Jacobian is very close to optimal.
description: 22 pages. Final version to appear in J. Eur. Math. Soc
DURAbility of Basal Versus Lispro Mix 75/25 Insulin Efficacy (DURABLE) Trial 24-Week Results: Safety and efficacy of insulin lispro mix 75/25 versus insulin glargine added to oral antihyperglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Shemonsky, N. K.
name: Herman, W. H.
name: Fahrbach, J. L.
name: Scism-Bacon, J. L.
name: Jiang, H. H.
name: Wolffenbuttel, B. H.R.
name: Martin, S. A.
name: Buse, J. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: OBJECTIVE To compare the ability of two starter insulin regimens to achieve glycemic control in a large, ethnically diverse population with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS During the initiation phase of the DURABLE trial, patients were randomized to a twice-daily lispro mix 75/25 (LM75/25; 75% lispro protamine suspension, 25% lispro) (n = 1,045) or daily glargine (GL) (n = 1,046) with continuation of prestudy oral antihyperglycemic drugs. RESULTS Baseline A1C was similar (LM75/25: 9.1 ± 1.3%; GL: 9.0 ± 1.2%; P = 0.414). At 24 weeks, LM75/25 patients had lower A1C than GL patients (7.2 ± 1.1 vs. 7.3 ± 1.1%, P = 0.005), greater A1C reduction (–1.8 ± 1.3 vs. –1.7 ± 1.3%, P = 0.005), and higher percentage reaching A1C target <7.0% (47.5 vs. 40.3%, P < 0.001). LM75/25 was associated with higher insulin dose (0.47 ± 0.23 vs. 0.40 ± 0.23 units · kg−1· day−1, P < 0.001) and more weight gain (3.6 ± 4.0 vs. 2.5 ± 4.0 kg, P < 0.0001). LM75/25 patients had a higher overall hypoglycemia rate than GL patients (28.0 ± 41.6 vs. 23.1 ± 40.7 episodes · pt−1· year−1, P = 0.007) but lower nocturnal hypoglycemia rate (8.9 ± 19.3 vs. 11.4 ± 25.3 episodes · pt−1· year−1, P = 0.009). Severe hypoglycemia rates were low in both groups (LM75/25: 0.10 ± 1.6 vs. GL: 0.03 ± 0.3 episodes · pt−1· year−1, P = 0.167). CONCLUSIONS Compared with GL, LM75/25 resulted in slightly lower A1C at 24 weeks and a moderately higher percentage reaching A1C target <7.0%. Patients receiving LM75/25 experienced more weight gain and higher rates of overall hypoglycemia but lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Durability of regimens will be evaluated in the following 2-year maintenance phase.
Efficacy and Safety of the Human Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin and Thiazolidinedione in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD)
Creators: name: Raskin, P.
name: Gerich, J.
name: Blonde, L.
name: Schwartz, S.
name: Lewin, A.
name: Zinman, B.
name: Hale, P. M.
name: Zdravkovic, M.
name: Buse, J. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: OBJECTIVETo determine the efficacy and safety of liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) when added to metformin and rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis 26-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial randomized 533 subjects (1:1:1) to once-daily liraglutide (1.2 or 1.8 mg) or liraglutide placebo in combination with metformin (1 g twice daily) and rosiglitazone (4 mg twice daily). Subjects had type 2 diabetes, A1C 7–11% (previous oral antidiabetes drug [OAD] monotherapy ≥3 months) or 7–10% (previous OAD combination therapy ≥3 months), and BMI ≤45 kg/m2.RESULTSMean A1C values decreased significantly more in the liraglutide groups versus placebo (mean ± SE −1.5 ± 0.1% for both 1.2 and 1.8 mg liraglutide and −0.5 ± 0.1% for placebo). Fasting plasma glucose decreased by 40, 44, and 8 mg/dl for 1.2 and 1.8 mg and placebo, respectively, and 90-min postprandial glucose decreased by 47, 49, and 14 mg/dl, respectively (P < 0.001 for all liraglutide groups vs. placebo). Dose-dependent weight loss occurred with 1.2 and 1.8 mg liraglutide (1.0 ± 0.3 and 2.0 ± 0.3 kg, respectively) (P < 0.0001) compared with weight gain with placebo (0.6 ± 0.3 kg). Systolic blood pressure decreased by 6.7, 5.6, and 1.1 mmHg with 1.2 and 1.8 mg liraglutide and placebo, respectively. Significant increases in C-peptide and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function and significant decreases in the proinsulin-to-insulin ratio occurred with liraglutide versus placebo. Minor hypoglycemia occurred more frequently with liraglutide, but there was no major hypoglycemia. Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common with liraglutide, but most occurred early and were transient.CONCLUSIONSLiraglutide combined with metformin and a thiazolidinedione is a well-tolerated combination therapy for type 2 diabetes, providing significant improvements in glycemic control.
title: Η συμβολή της σχολικής ηγεσίας στη διαχείριση της πανδημίας COVID-19 σε σχολικές μονάδες Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης του νομού Αττικής
title: The contribution of school leadership to managing the Covid-19 pandemic in Primary Education schools in Attica district
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Καραγκούνη, Ειρήνη Χρυσοβαλάντου
name: Κουμή, Θεοδώρα-Μαρία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Σχολική ηγεσία
Πανδημία
Covid-19

description: Η έλευση της πανδημικής κρίσης Covid-19 επέφερε συνέπειες όχι μόνο στον χώρο της υγείας, της κοινωνίας, αλλά και της οικονομίας. Ο χώρος της εκπαίδευσης δε θα μπορούσε να μείνει ανεπηρέαστος απ’ όλα αυτά, καθώς ήρθε αντιμέτωπος με μία σειρά από προκλήσεις, οι οποίες πρωτίστως αφορούσαν τη διασφάλιση της υγείας των εκπαιδευτικών και των μαθητών, αλλά και τη συνέχιση της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας μέσω της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης, αξιοποιώντας δύο μορφές τηλεκπαίδευσης, τη σύγχρονη και την ασύγχρονη. Επιπλέον, δημιουργήθηκαν νέα δεδομένα αναφορικά με τη διοίκηση των σχολικών μονάδων. Οι σχολικοί ηγέτες ως εκτελεστές διοικητικών καθηκόντων κλήθηκαν να διαχειριστούν πρωτόγνωρα γεγονότα, συνειδητοποιώντας ότι έπρεπε να αλλάξουν πολλές από τις συνήθειές τους και κατά συνέπεια τις μέχρι τούδε ηγετικές τους πρακτικές. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία επιχειρείται να μελετηθεί ο τρόπος ανταπόκρισης των σχολικών ηγετών σχολικών μονάδων Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης στην κρίση Covid-19, διερευνώντας τις πρακτικές ηγεσίας που υιοθέτησαν και εν τέλει συνέβαλαν στη διαμόρφωσή τους. Η έρευνα εκπονήθηκε τον Νοέμβριο του 2022 έχοντας ως δείγμα 8 διευθυντές σχολικών μονάδων Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης της Α΄ Αθήνας. Ως εργαλείο συλλογής δεδομένων ήταν η ημιδομημένη συνέντευξη, που περιλάμβανε ερωτήσεις ανοιχτού τύπου, οι οποίες συντάχθηκαν από τις ίδιες τις ερευνήτριες. Από την καταγραφή των αποτελεσμάτων προκύπτουν νέες προσεγγίσεις ηγεσίας από την μεριά των διευθυντών, όπως η συνεργατικότητα, η εμπλοκή των άλλων στην ηγεσία και η προσαρμοστικότητα. Οι προκλήσεις με τις οποίες ήρθαν αντιμέτωποι οι σχολικοί ηγέτες περιλάμβαναν την ετοιμότητα μαθητών και εκπαιδευτικών για τη διαδικτυακή διδασκαλία και μάθηση, τη διασφάλιση της υγείας των μαθητών και των εκπαιδευτικών, αλλά και την ειλικρινή επικοινωνία με όλους τους εμπλεκόμενους. Παράλληλα, αναδείχθηκαν ευκαιρίες οι οποίες σχετίζονται με την ενίσχυση της ψηφιακής διδασκαλίας και μάθησης και την κατανομή ηγεσίας. Επιπλέον, η παρούσα μελέτη υπογραμμίζει μια σειρά από συνέπειες για μελλοντική πρακτική, όπως είναι η πρόληψη, η προετοιμασία, η προτεραιότητα στην ευημερία, η αποτελεσματική επικοινωνία, η συνεργασία και η αξιοποίηση ευκαιριών.
Modeling astrophysical outflows via the unified Dynamo-Reverse Dynamo mechanism
Creators: name: Lingam, Manasvi
name: Mahajan, Swadesh M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unified Dynamo-Reverse Dynamo (Dy-RDy) mechanism, capable of simultaneously generating large scale outflows and magnetic fields from an ambient microscopic reservoir, is explored in a broad astrophysical context. The Dy-RDy mechanism is derived via Hall magnetohydrodynamics, which unifies the evolution of magnetic field and fluid vorticity. It also introduces an intrinsic length scale, the ion skin depth, allowing for the proper normalization and categorization of microscopic and macroscopic scales. The large scale Alfvén Mach number $\mathcal{M}_{A}$, defining the relative "abundance" of the flow field to the magnetic field is shown to be tied to a microscopic scale length that reflects the characteristics of the ambient short scale reservoir. The dynamo (Dy), preferentially producing the large scale magnetic field, is the dominant mode when the ambient turbulence is mostly kinetic, while the outflow producing reverse dynamo (RDy) is the principal manifestation of a magnetically dominated turbulent reservoir. It is conjectured that an efficient RDy may be the source of many observed astrophysical outflows that have $\mathcal{M}_{A} \gg 1$.
description: 5 pages, 1 table, 1 figure; accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles in Youth With and Without Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Case-Control Study
Creators: name: D'Agostino, R.
name: Mayer-Davis, E. J.
name: Wadwa, R. P.
name: Liese, A. D.
name: Dabelea, D.
name: Hamman, R. F.
name: Ogden, L.
name: Marcovina, S.
name: Guy, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the lipid profile and the prevalence of lipid abnormalities in youth with and without type 1 diabetes and explore the role of glycemic control on the hypothesized altered lipid profile in youth with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 512 youth with type 1 diabetes (mean duration 4.22 years) and 188 healthy control subjects aged 10-22 years in Colorado and South Carolina. SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) participants with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects recruited from primary care offices in the same geographic regions were invited to attend a research visit. Fasting lipid profiles were compared between youth with type 1 diabetes (stratified according to categories of optimal [AlC <7.5%] and suboptimal [AlC ≥7.5%] glycemic control) and healthy nondiabetic youth, using multiple linear and logistic regression. RESULTS - Youth with type 1 diabetes and optimal AlC had lipid concentrations that were similar (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL particle size) or even less atherogenic (HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio) than those observed in nondiabetic youth, whereas youth with suboptimal glycemic control had elevated standard lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol). Youth with type 1 diabetes also had significantly elevated apolipoprotein B levels and more small, dense LDL particles than nondiabetic youth, regardless of glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Youth with type 1 diabetes have abnormal lipid levels and atherogenic changes in lipoprotein composition, even after a relatively short disease duration. As in adults, glycemic control is an important mediator of these abnormalities.