cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Characterization of Pigments Responsible for Red or Pink Discoloration in Cooked Pork
Creators: name: Ghorpade, Viswasrao M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: The pigments responsible for pink or red discoloration in cooked vacuum-packaged meat products {bratwurst (pork and beef), ground pork, and pork roasts} were investigated. In bratwurst, this study attempted to characterize the red pigment that appears upon refrigerated storage, and to determine the effect of pH, cooking and storage temperature, and sodium lactate on incidence of red discoloration. Myoglobin was identified in the exudate of samples with red discoloration. Myoglobin levels of cooked products were significantly lower in samples of low initial pH (5.5) or cooked to higher than normal internal temperature (74°C). Red discoloration was associated with microbial growth. Frozen samples had no red discoloration after 4 weeks storage. Microbial plate count and incidence of red discoloration were lower in samples of lower pH (5.5 vs 5.8 or 6.2), samples cooked to higher internal temperature (74° vs 68°C), and samples containing 3% sodium lactate.
Further, the effects of microbial growth in raw materials (ground pork) on cooked pork color were investigated. In two trials with sow meat held aerobically at 2°C for 3 weeks, microbial load reached spoilage levels (107 cfu/g), pH increased to 6.46, and samples cooked to 71°C had red exudate, shown by absorption spectroscopy to contain myoglobin and cytochrome c. Samples cooked to 82°C received high panel ratings for red color, due to red, flocculent precipitate in exudate, but samples containing undenatured myoglobin levels received low panel ratings. In sow meat held frozen or vacuum packaged at 2°C, pH after 3 weeks was 6.03 and 6.18, and plate counts were 104 and 107, respectively, but exudates after cooking were much less red. In five trials with fresh U. S. #1 pork legs, plate counts also reached 107 cfu/g by 3 weeks storage, and pH increased from 5.99 to 6.37, but cooked samples were not red. Higher myoglobin levels in sow meat probably accounted for the red color and the high level of undenatured myoglobin remaining after cooking of high pH, spoiled samples.
Finally, pink or red discoloration was investigated in the cooked U. S. #1 pork roasts. Myoglobin was the pigment responsible for pink color in pork roasts cooked to 65°C. Roasts cooked to 82°C had gray internal color after cooking, but developed pink internal color after refrigerated storage. Reflectance spectra of pink slices from roasts, cooked to 82°C, then stored for 12 days at 2°C, were charactetistic of denatured globin hemochromes or related non-nitrosyl hemochromes.
title: Properties of Low-fat Yogurt Made From Ultrafiltered and Ultra-high Temperature Treated Milk
Creators: name: Dargan, Richard Alan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: Yogurts were made from intermediate-high temperature (100, 110, 120, and 130°C for 4 or 16 s), ultra-high temperature (140°C for 4 or 16 s), and vat heat (82°C for 20 min) treatments of skim milk fortified to 5% protein by either ultrafiltration or the addition of nonfat dry milk (NOM). Whey protein denaturation in heated milks increased with temperature and holding time from indirect plate heating and was highest in vat-heated milks. Whey protein denaturation and yogurt water-holding capacity increased with protein levels in the fortified milks compared to skim milk. Penetrometer gel strength and stirred viscosity in 21 day-old yogurt made from heated ultrafiltered skim milk exceeded those of yogurts made from NOM-fortified skim milk, even though the NOM yogurts contained more solids (13.0 vs 11.4%). Maximum gel strength and viscosity, and least syneresis of yogurts from ultrafiltered and NOM fortified yogurts occurred following intermediate-high temperature treatments of 1 00°C for 16 s, 110°C for 4 or 16 s, and 120°C for 4 s. There was significantly lower whey protein denaturation at these intermediate-high temperatures compared to UHT or vat heating. Gel strength and viscosity were lower and syneresis greater in yogurts from ultrafiltered or NOM-fortified skim milk following UHT treatment compared to yogurts made with intermediate-high temperature treatments or vat heating. The water-holding capacity of yogurts from fortified milks treated at intermediate-high temperatures was comparable to that of yogurts from vatheated milks. Fortification by ultrafiltration, to lower total solids (and without use of stabilizers) resulted in yogurt with higher gel strength and viscosity, and reduced syneresis compared to yogurt from NOM fortification. Yogurt prepared by intermediate-high temperature treatment had comparable or better gel strength and viscosity, and reduced syneresis compared to yogurt prepared by traditional vat heating.
title: Influence of Process Parameters in the Manufacture of Cottage Cheese Curd from Ultrafiltered Skim Milk
Creators: name: Raynes, Ronald Michael
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: A processing procedure for the manufacture of directly acidified cottage cheese curd from 16% total solids ultrafiltered retentate was developed. The effects of preacidification of skim milk before ultrafiltration and heat treatment of retentate were investigated to improve the functional and sensory qualities of retentate curd.
Retentate directly acidified with phosphoric acid and glucono-delta-lactone to pH 4.7 formed a dense, rubbery curd that could not be handled well in a vat. A heat treatment of 71.1°C for 30 min applied to the retentate resulted in a curd with acceptable handling properties. However, this heat treatment caused the curd to shift in pH, become translucent in appearance, and have a pasty texture. Preacidification of the skim milk to pH 5.8 12 h prior to ultrafiltration, and a less severe heat treatment of 71.1°C for 6 min made a stable curd with good sensory quality.
A 3 x 4 x 3 randomized split block design experiment was done to test the effects of preacidification and heat treatment on the properties of retentate curd. Skim milk was pasteurized at 62.8°C for 30 min and split into three lots which were unacidified, phosphoric acid added to pH 6.2, and phosphoric acid added to pH 5.85. The three lots of skim milk were ultrafiltered at 54.4°C to 16% total solids. Each lot was divided into four treatments which were unheated, heated to 71.1°C for 7 s, 76.7°C for 7 s, and 82.2°C for 7 s. Each vat was replicated three times. Cottage cheese pH, total solids, and six sensory attributes were measured. Finished cottage cheeses were evaluated by an expert panel of five judges. Total solids, protein content, and fines content of the whey were also measured. Preacidification treatment at pH 6.2 enhanced curd structure, which increased solids recovery, reduced fines, and improved curd appearance, firmness, and texture. Heat treatments caused softening of the curd and increased moisture content in the curd. Excessive heat treatment caused shattering, fines, and mealiness. The best curd from the experiment was produced from pH 6.2 retentate heat treated at 71.1°C for 7 s. Whey proteins decreased in wheys from retentates heat treated at 76.7°C for 7 sand 82.2°C for 7 s. The effects of heat treatment were more pronounced with increasing acidification.
title: The Effect of Computer-Assisted Nutrition Education on Nutrition Knowledge, Nutrition Status, Dietary Compliance, and Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients
Creators: name: Stewart, Julianne
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: This study was conducted to assess the effect of nutrition education utilizing computerized dietary analysis on nutrition knowledge, dietary compliance, nutrition status, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Twenty patients of the Bonneville Dialysis Center in Ogden, Utah voluntarily agreed to participate in this six-month study. All participants completed quality of life assessments, the Beck Depression Inventory© (BDI), and a nutrition knowledge assessment pre- and post-study. Patients in the treatment group (n=12) completed monthly 3-day food records which were analyzed by Computrition® nutrient analysis software. Results were discussed with the patients during one-on-one education sessions. Control patients (n=8) completed 3-day food records pre- and poststudy. Monitoring parameters included: nutrition-related laboratory data, kinetic modeling data, weights, and percent body fat, using Futrex® near infrared interactance. Dietary components followed were: protein, calories, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. Multivariant analysis of variance was used for statistical comparisons.
Weight and percent body fat were relatively stable throughout the study period for both groups. The treatment group's nutrition knowledge improved as measured by pre- and post-study test scores. Nutrient intakes showed no significant changes except for calorie intake, which decreased in the treatment group. The treatment group's intake of other analyzed nutrients showed declining trends, which were not statistically significant.
Serum albumin and total protein increased in both groups. Average serum cholesterol levels decreased in the treatment group. Serum potassium levels did not change significantly. Serum phosphorus increased in the treatment group. However, this did not appear to be caused by increased dietary phosphorus intake. Kinetic modeling data showed a significant increase in protein catabolic rate of experimental subjects. Protein catabolic rates (PCR) are an indicator of dietary protein intakes in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
The treatment group showed improvement in the alertness behavior area of the Sickness Impact Profile© (SIP). The control group declined in the recreation and pastimes area of the SIP. No significant changes were observed in the BDI.
These results indicate that computerized dietary analysis is an effective instruction tool, is helpful in improving dietary protein intake as measured by PCR, and may contribute to improved quality of life of hemodialysis patients.
title: Effects of Potassium Lactate, Encapsulated Citric Acid and Storage Temperature on Microbial Growth and Shelf Life of Pork Sticks
Creators: name: Su, Yen-Kan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: A new product, pork sticks, was developed. Optimum shelf life and safety were major concerns associated with this product. Potassium lactate (3%) or citric acid (0.5%, 0.56%, 0.60% or 0.66%) was added to pork sticks to determine their effects on microbial growth, sensory evaluation, and shelf life when stored frozen (-20°C), refrigerated (2°C), or at room temperature (22°C). Two raw materials, pork blade meat (shoulder meat; 91% lean, 9% fat) and regular 80:20 pork trim (80% lean, 20% fat) were used. The consumer panel preferred lean pork sticks made from blade meat over high-fat pork sticks made from regular 80:20 pork trim, regardless of the addition of potassium lactate (3%) or citric acid (0.5%). Pork sticks vacuum-packaged and held at 2°C or -20°C did not develop bacterial spoilage during six months storage. However, bacterial spoilage and oxidative rancidity occurred in the unpackaged control samples held at 22°C for one month. Incorporation of potassium lactate (3%) or citric acid (0.5%) decreased the color uniformity and red color intensity and increased the brown color intensity of the pork sticks made from blade meat. Vacuum-packaged pork sticks with added citric acid (0.56%, 0.60% and 0.66%) stored at 22°C did not develop bacterial spoilage, but discoloration occurred after one month storage.
Composite Higgs models, Dark Matter and Lambda
Creators: name: Diaz-Cruz, J. Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that dark matter can be identified with a stable composite fermion X^0, that arises within the holographic AdS/CFT models, where the Higgs boson emerges as a composite pseudo-goldstone boson. The predicted properties of X^0 satisfies the cosmological bounds, with m_X = O(TeV). Thus, through a deeper understanding of the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking, a resolution of the Dark Matter enigma is found. Furthermore, by proposing a discrete structure of the Higgs vacuum, one can get a distinct approach to the cosmological constant problem.
description: Prepared for the Proccedings of the XIII Mexican School of Particles and Fields, Sonora (Mexico), Oct. 2-11, 2008, 8 pages
Alliance cohesion : NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Creators: name: Terry, John C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis reports the results of an attempt to assess the influence of two variables, national power base and degree of external threat, on the cohesion of international alliances. Two specific modern alliances are examined: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact. The findings indicate that the expected relationships between power base and alliance cohesion, and between external threat and alliance cohesion, hold true only for certain types of alliance members.
Glossoscolecidae Michaelsen 1900
Creators: name: Santos, Alessandra
name: Gorte, Tatiane
name: Demetrio, Wilian C.
name: Ferreira, Talita
name: Nadolny, Herlon
name: Cardoso, Guilherme B. X.
name: Tonetti, Caroline
name: Ralisch, Ricardo
name: Nunes, Amanda P.
name: Coqueiro, Ana Carolina P.
name: Leandro, Hudson C. L.
name: Wandscheer, Cassio A. R.
name: Bortoluzzi, Jeankleber
name: Brown, George G.
name: Bartz, Marie L. C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Glossoscolecidae

description: Glossoscolecidae juveniles  COFMBRPR0822, 2 individuals in no-tillage, Pacuri watershed, Itaipulândia—PR (24° 58' 26.04"S, 54° 17' 39.07"W); 2015; A. Santos, H. Nadolny, G.X. Cardoso, C. Tonetti, T. Gorte, J. Bortoluzzi, M.L.C. Bartz, colls. COFMBRPR0823, 2 individuals in no-tillage, Buriti watershed, Santa Helena—PR (25° 09' 52.04"S, 54° 15' 17.22"W); 2015; A. Santos, H. Nadolny, G.X. Cardoso, C. Tonetti, T. Gorte, J. Bortoluzzi, M.L.C. Bartz, colls. COFMBRPR0824, 1 individual in no-tillage, Buriti watershed, Santa Helena—PR (25° 09' 41.09"S, 54° 14' 00.53"W); 2015; A. Santos, H. Nadolny, G.X. Cardoso, C. Tonetti, T. Gorte, J. Bortoluzzi, M.L.C. Bartz, colls. COFMBRPR0825, 4 individuals in no-tillage, Buriti watershed, Santa Helena—PR (25° 09' 27.08"S, 54° 14' 46.02"W); 2015; A. Santos, H. Nadolny, G.X. Cardoso, C. Tonetti, T. Gorte, J. Bortoluzzi, M.L.C. Bartz, colls. COFMBRPR0826, 1 individuals in native forest, Buriti watershed, Itaipulândia—PR (25° 10' 07.79''S, 54° 14' 34.41''W); 2015; A. Santos, H. Nadolny, G.X. Cardoso, C. Tonetti, T. Gorte, J. Bortoluzzi, M.L.C. Bartz, colls. COFMBRPR0827, 6 individuals in native forest, Pacurí watershed, Santa Helena—PR (24° 58' 57.98''S, 54° 18' 31.65''W); 2015; A. Santos, H. Nadolny, G.X. Cardoso, C. Tonetti, T. Gorte, J. Bortoluzzi, M.L.C. Bartz, colls. COFMBRPR0828, 1 individuals in native forest, Ajuricaba watershed, Marechal Candido Rondon—PR (24° 35' 47.52''S, 54° 07' 02.26''W); 2015; A. Santos, H. Nadolny, G.X. Cardoso, C. Tonetti, T. Gorte, J. Bortoluzzi, M.L.C. Bartz, colls.
description: Published as part of Santos, Alessandra, Gorte, Tatiane, Demetrio, Wilian C., Ferreira, Talita, Nadolny, Herlon, Cardoso, Guilherme B. X., Tonetti, Caroline, Ralisch, Ricardo, Nunes, Amanda P., Coqueiro, Ana Carolina P., Leandro, Hudson C. L., Wandscheer, Cassio A. R., Bortoluzzi, Jeankleber, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2018, Earthworm species in no-tillage agroecosystems and native Atlantic forests in Western Paraná, Brazil, pp. 517-534 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on page 521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.40, http://zenodo.org/record/1447015
Thermoregulation in the South American grey short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica : the effects of ambient temperature, bacterial endotoxin and hypoxia on behavioural and autonomic body temperature control
Creators: name: Douglas, Tracy
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study investigated the concept of thermoregulatory set-point in marsupials, by examining behavioural and autonomic thermoregulation in a laboratory-bred marsupial, the South American grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) with occasional reference to a single captive sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps). Adult animals had clear circadian rhythms of core body temperature (Tb). Such rhythms were not apparent in juvenile M. domestica and rhythms in adult animals were disrupted when ambient temperature (Ta) was reduced, bacterial endotoxin (E. coli LPS) was injected and ambient oxygen levels were lowered to approximately 10% (i.e. during hypoxia). Circadian changes in preferred Ta were observed in individual animals while in a longitudinal thermal gradient but no specific rhythm was observed. M. domestica was able to make small, but insignificant, changes to Tb using thermoregulatory behaviour. This resulted in less variance in Tb in this species while in a thermal gradient. A typical mammalian fever to LPS and a typical hypothermic response to hypoxia was observed in M. domestica and one P. breviceps. Although hypothermic responses to hypoxia have been previously documented in marsupials, this is the first published account of LPS-induced fever in marsupials. Preferred Ta was not significantly affected by hypoxia or fever in M. domestica although a significant reduction in preferred Ta was observed in the sugar glider while hypoxic. This animal also selected a warmer environment while febrile. The hypothermic response to hypo)da in M. domes tica was found to be more significant than the hyperthermic response to bacterial endotoxin. However, the sugar glider utilised thermoregulatory behaviour to maintain a hyperthermic response to bacterial endotoxin even when exposed to hypoxia. These findings show that in marsupials, as in eutherians, thermoregulation involves the interaction of autonomic and behavioural mechanisms. These experiments also highlighted the limitations of using laboratory bred animals to determine the natural thermoregulatory capacities of a species.
title: Comparing the Effect of Carbon Sources, Lactate and Whey, on Biological Reductive Dechlorination of TCE in Laboratory Flow Through Columns
Creators: name: Kissell, Sarah M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated solvent most commonly used as an industrial degreaser for cleaning mechanical equipment. Historic improper management and disposal of TCE has resulted in contaminated soil and groundwater across the United States, including Hill Air Force Base in Utah. The abundance of TCE in the environment presents a public health risk because it is categorized as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
The purpose of this study was to improve the bioremediation techniques of biostimulation and bioaugmentation. A continuous flow-through column study was performed where columns packed with aquifer material received a continuous flow of groundwater collected from Hill AFB. The groundwater contained TCE and a carbon source, lactate or whey, a waste product of the cheese industry to stimulate the aquifer microbial community, create anaerobic conditions, and facilitate the use of TCE as a terminal electron acceptor during respiration.
Both carbon treatments reduced TCE to the final product of ethene gas, but unlike the lactate treatment, whey provided the energy required to fully reduce TCE, without accumulating the harmful degradation byproduct, vinyl chloride. The substrate, whey, provides an effective carbon and energy source for the bioremediation of TCE, and is also more economical than highly refined chemicals, such as lactate.
The Finescale Response of Lowered ADCP Velocity Measurements Processed with Different Methods
Creators: name: Thurnherr, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: In a paper published in 2002 in this journal, K. Polzin et al. derive corrections for spectra of vertical shear calculated from lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) velocity data. To illustrate and validate the corrections, they use velocities derived with a specific implementation of the shear method for LADCP processing that is no longer supported or widely used. In several recent publications, spectral corrections specific to this old processing method have been applied without modification to LADCP data processed with the more modern and much more widely used velocity-inversion method, which is associated with significantly less damping at high vertical wavenumbers than the older method. The purpose of this work is to derive and validate spectral corrections appropriate for different LADCP processing methods.
title: Effects of Gestational Dietary Intake on Calf Growth and Early Feedlot Performance of Offspring
Creators: name: Gardner, Jose
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Fetal programming is a relatively new and quickly growing field of research in the livestock industry. The concept of fetal programming is simply defined as the effects a change in maternal nutritional intake has on offspring, whether it be a genetic or physical change. The intention of this study was to specifically look at the effects of nutrient restriction of cows during the second trimester of gestation on the growth and performance of the resulting calves.
In this study, thirty-two cows of predominantly angus influence from the Utah state university herd were chosen, naturally bred to a pure bred angus sire, and then allocated into two treatments: maintenance and restricted. These groups were treated uniformly for first and third trimesters of gestation, while in the second trimester, they were managed in a way that the maintenance group maintained a greater level of body condition and weight compared with the restricted group. Calf growth and performance was measured and compared for effects of fetal programming.
Previous studies in beef found positive effects on carcass characteristics. However, little work has been done to ensure that fetal programming is not detrimental to calves early in life. Though this study did find that nutrient restriction resulted in more excitable cattle, no negative effects caused by programming were found in growth and performance of the offspring.
Evaluating Demographic Websites: Toward Webometric Criteria
Creators: name: Wang, Chengzhi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Library science
Internet

description: The conventional criteria of website evaluation are widely applied in evaluating online information, which is an important component of information literacy instruction in academic institutions. However, mainly from the users' angle and inherently bibliographic, these criteria tend to be general in nature and fail to differentiate the qualities of websites at similar quality levels. Thus, evaluation criteria from webometric perspectives that utilize measurable data and tangible information are needed for more informed assessment. The purpose of this article is to introduce and apply essential webometric criteria to supplement the conventional criteria to improve information literacy instruction. The article first synthesizes the widely used conventional criteria into Six C's for the sake of simplicity and applicability. Then, important webometric criteria of popularity, profundity, luminosity, and error-checking are introduced. Next, the webometric data collected from leading demography research institutions' websites in the U. S. are analyzed. The article concludes that while conventional criteria continue to be convenient and useful, particularly for novel web users, a basic set of webometric criteria can serve as a supplementary tool to provide additional insights into evaluating online resources.
Hybrid gamma Doradus - delta Scuti pulsators: New insights into the physics of the oscillations from Kepler observations
Creators: name: Grigahcene, A.
name: Antoci, V.
name: Balona, L.
name: Catanzaro, G.
name: Daszynska-Daszkiewicz, J.
name: Guzik, J. A.
name: Handler, G.
name: Houdek, G.
name: Kurtz, D. W.
name: Marconi, M.
name: Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.
name: Moya, A.
name: Ripepi, V.
name: Suarez, J. -C.
name: Uytterhoeven, K.
name: Borucki, W. J.
name: Brown, T. M.
name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
name: Gilliland, R. L.
name: Jenkins, J. M.
name: Kjeldsen, H.
name: Koch, D.
name: Bernabei, S.
name: Bradley, P.
name: Breger, M.
name: Di Criscienzo, M.
name: Dupret, M. -A.
name: Garcia, R. A.
name: Hernandez, A. Garcia
name: Jackiewicz, J.
name: Kaiser, A.
name: Lehmann, H.
name: Marin-Ruiz, S.
name: Mathias, P.
name: Molenda-Zakowicz, J.
name: Nemec, J. M.
name: Nuspl, J.
name: Paparo, M.
name: Roth, M.
name: Szabo, R.
name: Suran, M. D.
name: Ventura, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the pulsations of stars can be used to infer their interior structure and test theoretical models. The main sequence $γ$ Doradus (Dor) and $δ$ Scuti (Sct) stars with masses 1.2-2.5 $M_{\sun}$ are particularly useful for these studies. The $γ$ Dor stars pulsate in high-order $g$ modes with periods of order 1 day, driven by convective blocking at the base of their envelope convection zone. The $δ$ Sct stars pulsate in low-order $g$ and $p$ modes with periods of order 2 hours, driven by the $κ$ mechanism operating in the Heii ionization zone. Theory predicts an overlap region in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram between instability regions, where 'hybrid' stars pulsating in both types of modes should exist. The two types of modes with properties governed by different portions of the stellar interior provide complementary model constraints. Among the known $γ$ Dor and $δ$ Sct stars, only four have been confirmed as hybrids. Now, analysis of combined Quarter 0 and Quarter 1 Kepler data for hundreds of variable stars shows that the frequency spectra are so rich that there are practically no pure $δ$ Sct or $γ$ Dor pulsators, i.e. essentially all of the stars show frequencies in both the $δ$ Sct and $γ$ Dor frequency range. A new observational classification scheme is proposed that takes into account the amplitude as well as the frequency, and is applied to categorize 234 stars as $δ$ Sct, $γ$ Dor, $δ$ Sct/$γ$ Dor or $γ$ Dor/$δ$ Sct hybrids.
description: 6 pages with 4 figures and 1 table - submitted to ApJL
Understorey dynamics following partial logging in Eucalyptus delegatensis forests on the Central Plateau, Tasmania
Creators: name: Gibbons, Andrew K.
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Partial logging in high-altitude E. delegatensis forests involves the retention of approximately 50 % of original forest basal area, and was implemented to overcome the problem of \growth check\" in regenerating eucalypts following clearfelling. It is increasingly being carried out in these forests in an effort to provide income to landowners while still allowing regeneration of the overstorey eucalypts. This thesis looks at the effects of partial logging on understorey floristics and structure in both the short (-2 years) and the long (15-20 years) term. Analysis of a floristic structural and environmental dataset using multivariate and ANOVA techniques found that two understorey types grassy and shrubby were present and that short term trends included reduced cover of all lifeform groups reduced understorey height species richness and structural complexity and increased bare ground cover and soil disturbance. Four of these trends increased grass and forb cover decreased shrub cover and structural complexity were still apparent 5-8 years after logging and two reduced shrub cover and habitat complexity 16-21 years after logging particularly in shrubby forest. These changes were attributed to the reduced cover of the overstorey and subsequent changes in the light/temperature/moisture regimes of the forest floor microclimate. Effects of plantation establishment in wetter areas of this forest type were similar to those of partial logging but of a greater magnitude and duration. Ecological processes structuring the understorey were examined by first looking at changes in species cover/abundance under individual overstorey eucalypts and in forest gaps in unlogged forest and second with a laboratory shading/disturbance experiment. It was found that canopies of overstorey eucalypts were causing distinct patterns in understorey distribution. Species richness and cover increased moving from trunk to canopy edge to forest gap and from unshaded to shaded sector of forest gaps primarily due to the inhibitory effects of high litter and shade under trees and cold induced photoinhibition in high light areas of gaps. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements confirmed the requirement of shade for the shrub Lomatia tinctoria and the sedge Lomandra longifolia and the ability of grasses to out compete these species in full sun mimicking the patterns observed logged forest. Results are discussed in relation to the theory of ecological resilience and it is suggested that increasing divergence of understorey will occur with each logging and/or plantation rotation and may lead to shifts in forest/grassland boundaries."
The Cohen-Macaulay property of separating invariants of finite groups
Creators: name: Dufresne, Emilie
name: Elmer, Jonathan
name: Kohls, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13A50, 13D03

description: In the case of finite groups, a separating algebra is a subalgebra of the ring of invariants which separates the orbits. Although separating algebras are often better behaved than the ring of invariants, we show that many of the criteria which imply that the ring of invariants is non Cohen-Macaulay actually imply that no graded separating algebra is Cohen-Macaulay. For example, we show that, over a field of positive characteristic p, given sufficiently many copies of a faithful modular representation, no graded separating algebra is Cohen-Macaulay. Furthermore, we show that, for a p-group, the existence of a Cohen-Macaulay graded separating algebra implies the group is generated by bireflections. Furthermore, we show that, for a $p$-group, the existence of a Cohen-Macaulay graded separating algebra implies the group is generated by bireflections. Additionally, we give an example which shows that Cohen-Macaulay separating algebras can occur when the ring of invariants is not Cohen-Macaulay.
description: We removed the conjecture which appeared in previous versions: we give a counter-example. We fixed the proof of Lemma 2.2 (previously Remark 2.2). 16 pages
On the relationship between total ozone and atmospheric dynamics and chemistry at mid-latitudes – Part 1: Statistical models and spatial fingerprints of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry
Creators: name: Frossard, L.
name: Rieder, Harald
name: Ribatet, M.
name: Staehelin, J.
name: Maeder, J. A.
name: Di Rocco, S.
name: Davison, A. C.
name: Peter, T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Atmospheric chemistry
subject: Atmosphere

description: We use statistical models for mean and extreme values of total column ozone to analyze "fingerprints" of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry on long-term ozone changes at northern and southern mid-latitudes on grid cell basis. At each grid cell, the r-largest order statistics method is used for the analysis of extreme events in low and high total ozone (termed ELOs and EHOs, respectively), and an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model is used for the corresponding mean value analysis. In order to describe the dynamical and chemical state of the atmosphere, the statistical models include important atmospheric covariates: the solar cycle, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), ozone depleting substances (ODS) in terms of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and aerosol load after the volcanic eruptions of El Chichón and Mt. Pinatubo. The influence of the individual covariates on mean and extreme levels in total column ozone is derived on a grid cell basis. The results show that "fingerprints", i.e., significant influence, of dynamical and chemical features are captured in both the "bulk" and the tails of the statistical distribution of ozone, respectively described by mean values and EHOs/ELOs. While results for the solar cycle, QBO, and EESC are in good agreement with findings of earlier studies, unprecedented spatial fingerprints are retrieved for the dynamical covariates. Column ozone is enhanced over Labrador/Greenland, the North Atlantic sector and over the Norwegian Sea, but is reduced over Europe, Russia and the Eastern United States during the positive NAO phase, and vice-versa during the negative phase. The NAO's southern counterpart, the AAO, strongly influences column ozone at lower southern mid-latitudes, including the southern parts of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula, and the central southern mid-latitudes. Results for both NAO and AAO confirm the importance of atmospheric dynamics for ozone variability and changes from local/regional to global scales.
Hofer's metric on the space of diameters
Creators: name: Khanevsky, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The present paper considers Hofer's distance between diameters in the unit disk. We prove that this distance is unbounded and show its relation to Lagrangian intersections.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Laboratory Experiments, Numerical Simulations, and Astronomical Observations of Deflected Supersonic Jets: Application to HH 110
Creators: name: Hartigan, P.
name: Foster, J. M.
name: Wilde, B. H.
name: Coker, R. F.
name: Rosen, P. A.
name: Hansen, J. F.
name: Blue, B. E.
name: Williams, R. J. R.
name: Carver, R.
name: Frank, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collimated supersonic flows in laboratory experiments behave in a similar manner to astrophysical jets provided that radiation, viscosity, and thermal conductivity are unimportant in the laboratory jets, and that the experimental and astrophysical jets share similar dimensionless parameters such as the Mach number and the ratio of the density between the jet and the ambient medium. Laboratory jets can be studied for a variety of initial conditions, arbitrary viewing angles, and different times, attributes especially helpful for interpreting astronomical images where the viewing angle and initial conditions are fixed and the time domain is limited. Experiments are also a powerful way to test numerical fluid codes in a parameter range where the codes must perform well. In this paper we combine images from a series of laboratory experiments of deflected supersonic jets with numerical simulations and new spectral observations of an astrophysical example, the young stellar jet HH 110. The experiments provide key insights into how deflected jets evolve in 3-D, particularly within working surfaces where multiple subsonic shells and filaments form, and along the interface where shocked jet material penetrates into and destroys the obstacle along its path. The experiments also underscore the importance of the viewing angle in determining what an observer will see. The simulations match the experiments so well that we can use the simulated velocity maps to compare the dynamics in the experiment with those implied by the astronomical spectra. The experiments support a model where the observed shock structures in HH 110 form as a result of a pulsed driving source rather than from weak shocks that may arise in the supersonic shear layer between the Mach disk and bow shock of the jet's working surface.
description: Full resolution figures available at http://sparky.rice.edu/~hartigan/pub.html To appear in ApJ
Frictional weakening and slip complexity in earthquake faults
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Plate tectonics
Seismology
Earthquakes

description: Previous work has shown that velocity-weakening friction produces slip complexity in simple dynamical models of earthquake faults (Carlson and Langer, 1989). Here I show that a different type of dynamical instability, caused by slip-weakening friction, also produces slip complexity. The deterministically chaotic slip complexity produced by slip-weakening friction in a simple one dimensional model is studied and the scaling of the distribution of sizes of events with the parameters in the model examined. In addition, a possible physical origin of frictional weakening is examined, through a very simplified mathematical representation of a physical process proposed by Sibson (1973), whereby frictional heating causes an increase in pore fluid temperature and pressure, thereby reducing the effective normal stress and friction. The two different types of frictional weakening are derived from two opposing limits, with slip weakening occurring when the dissipation of heating is slow compared to the rupture timescale, as Lachenbruch (1980) has shown, while velocity weakening is shown to occur when the dissipation is fast compared to the rupture timescale. Since both end-member cases of frictional weakening are seen to produce slip complexity, slip complexity is argued to be a generic feature of frictional weakening and elastodynamics on a fault.
The flat oxygen abundance gradient in the extended disk of M83
Creators: name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: Ryan-Weber, Emma
name: Kennicutt, Robert C.
name: Goddard, Quinton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained deep multi-object optical spectra of 49 HII regions in the outer disk of the spiral galaxy M83 (=NGC 5236) with the FORS2 spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. The targets span the range in galactocentric distance between 0.64 and 2.64 times the R25 isophotal radius (5.4-22.3 kpc), and 31 of them are located at R>R25, thus belonging to the extreme outer disk of the galaxy, populated by UV complexes revealed recently by the GALEX satellite. In order to derive the nebular chemical abundances, we apply several diagnostics of the oxygen abundance, including R23, [NII]/[OII] and the [OIII]4363 auroral line, which was detected in four HII regions. We find that, while inwards of the optical edge the O/H ratio follows the radial gradient known from previous investigations, the outer abundance trend flattens out to an approximately constant value. The latter varies, according to the adopted diagnostic, between 12+log(O/H)=8.2 and 12+log(O/H)=8.6 (i.e. from approximately 1/3 the solar oxygen abundance to nearly the solar value). An abrupt discontinuity in the radial oxygen abundance trend is also detected near the optical edge of the disk. These results are tentatively linked to the flat gas surface density in the outskirts of the galaxy, the relatively unevolved state of the extended disk of M83, and the redistribution of chemically enriched gas following a past galaxy encounter.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
title: Prestress Losses and Temperature Effects on a Deck Bulb Tee Girder Bridge
Creators: name: Powelson, Phillip
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The Utah Transportation Center (UTC), in partnership with the Mountain Plains Consortium (MPC), sponsored a study to investigate the differences in prestress losses and temperature gradients in a concrete deck bulb tee girder bridge. The Millville Bridge was built as an access point to the Ridgeline High School in Millville, Utah. The bridge was built in 2016 and presently supports two lanes of traffic.
Changes in prestress were measured with a total of 16 vibrating wire strain gauges located at four cross-sections. Temperature gradients were measured with a total of 50 thermocouples located at five cross-section locations, four of which were shared locations with the vibrating wire strain gauges. These instruments were placed at the mid-span and end of an exterior and center girder to effectively measure the bridge response in one quarter of the bridge superstructure. These instruments were placed in the precast plant and tied to the reinforcing steel before the concrete was poured.
The prestress loss recordings were initiated before the prestressing strands were released. The thermocouple data for Girder 1 began to be recorded before the initial casting of the girder concrete. The thermocouple data for Girder 5 was not recorded during casting and curing of the girder concrete, but was started before the curing blanket was removed in the casting yard. All data was recorded until February 29, 2016. Prestress losses at the girder mid-span and temperature gradients were compared with code recommended values according to the AASHTO bridge design specifications.
POPULYATSIYALAR EKOLOGIYASI
Creators: name: Naimsherova, Sevinch
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada populyatsiyalar ta'rifi, klassifikat-siyasi va gameostazi haqida ma'lumot berilgan. Shuningdek populyat-siyalarning son jihatidan ta'rifi keltirilgan.
The law and minority groups in nineteenth-century Britain
Creators: name: Grube, Dennis C
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis interrogates the substance behind the rhetorical 'rule of law' in Great Britain between 1829 and 1895. It is the argument of this thesis that in order for the law to be a strong force for national unity it had to be made by those who professed a 'British' Protestant faith and upheld a 'British' morality. For the first half of the nineteenth-century, Jews, atheists and Roman Catholics were all prevented on religious grounds from entering Parliament to make British law. As the century progressed, these bans were progressively lifted, leaving lawmakers to create a replacement class of scapegoats; 'moral criminals'. Prostitutes, homosexuals and the Irish came to dominate the imagination of the late Victorians as threats to the moral integrity of Britain. These people were not truly 'British' and could thus safely be made the targets of 'British law'. The thesis seeks to build on Linda Colley's work on British nationalism in the eighteenth century, and her stress upon the need to have an 'other'. It is argued here that Colley's concept of the need for 'otherness', can be applied within British society as well as with regard to those who lived elsewhere. The British needed 'outsiders' within their own society against which to define themselves as religiously, racially or morally legitimate. This extended beyond Roman Catholic 'others', already identified by Colley, to a whole series of religious and moral minority groups that could be seen as `un-British'. The rhetoric of the 'rule of law' underpinned a society that was encouraged to believe that it was the law which stood between it and the tyrannies and turbulence that the Continent experienced throughout the nineteenth century. The values of government as they were espoused through the law became the values of Britain. Hence, those who believed themselves to be 'British' were encouraged to support the moral and religious standards that were set for them. This meant being hostile to the 'others' who were not seen to support those standards. Over the course of the period 1829-1895, from Roman Catholic emancipation to the Oscar Wilde trials, governments moved from seeing religious groups as 'others' to seeing moral 'deviants' as the outsiders against whom the truly British should unify in shared disdain. As Jews, Roman Catholics and atheists were brought into a genuine sense of partnership in the British constitution, homosexuals, prostitutes and the allegedly innately criminal Irish found themselves further and more vehemently displaced. Legal 'otherness' slowly stopped being a religious question and became rather a moral one.
title: Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons On the Surfaces of Ultra-High Temperature Treated Meat
Creators: name: Foote, Michelle T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1993

description: The effect of ultra-high temperature (UHT) on production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the surface of beef steaks was determined. Beef steaks were treated with five treatments, raw, UHT, UHT/grill marks, UHT/grill marks/microwave, and charcoal grilled. Four PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene, were quantified. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to purify and analyze the PAH extracts, respectively. Levels of PAH found on charcoal-grilled steaks were higher than those observed in the literature. A balanced incomplete block design was used to analyze the data. There were no significant differences among the treatments in the production of the benzofluoranthenes. There were significant increases in production of benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene when grill marks were applied to the UHT steak. Microwaving significantly decreased the levels of benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene. The production of these PAHs on UHT/grill mark/microwave steak did not differ significantly from the charcoal-grilled steak in the levels of PAH quantified.
Algal biomass in the East Antarctic pack ice
Creators: name: Grose, MR
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Sea ice algal biomass in the eastern Antarctic zone was assessed using measurements and observations. This assessment was entered into a simple model, using remote sensing data to estimate habitat extent, to make an estimate of total sea ice algal biomass in the region. The late spring (2000) algal biomass and species composition in the bottom and surface communities in pack ice floes in East Antarctica (105-115¬¨‚àûE) is described. Ice cores and surface ice samples were taken, and a simple ship based observation technique to estimate algal biomass is evaluated and assessed. Measured values of biomass compared well with observed values. The bottom algal biomass was between 0.66 to 28.05 mg Chl a m\\(^{-2}\\) , and highly variable across the bottom of ice floes. Surface ice algal biomass was less than the bottom and was heavily influenced by floe edge effects. Remote sensing data, viewed in GIS software, was used to calculate the ice thickness distribution and the habitat extent of each ice type across the entire study area (30-150¬¨‚àûE). This information was used, together with measurements of the distribution of algal biomass within the ice column, to estimate total algal biomass. The total sea ice algal biomass in this region was estimated to be 7.81 Tg C on 20 November 2000, 80% of which was in the bottom community. Extrapolating this result to December based on a conservative ice algal growth rate resulted in a maximum standing algal crop of 8.51 Tg C, 95% of which was in pack ice, and 80% was in the pack ice bottom community. This is ~14% of the Antarctic ice algal biomass. These results suggest that bottom communities are far more important in the East Antarctic region than they have previously been assessed to be.