cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
OPTIMAL BUFFER STOCK POLICIES FOR WHEAT AT THE WORLD LEVEL
Creators: name: Kennedy, John O.S.
name: Kennedy, John O.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Alternative wheat storage policies which maximise the expected present value of returns for consumers, producers, a monopoly storage agency and society as a whole are derived using a dynamic programming model. Results are compared with those from an earlier simulation model, and are found to justify higher investment in storage capacity compared with that suggested by the simulation model. The model is extended to derive optimal storage policies if production follows a stochastic cobweb process.
THE DEMAND FOR MEAT - AN EXAMPLE OF AN INCOMPLETE COMMODITY DEMAND SYSTEM
Creators: name: Fisher, Brian S.
name: Fisher, Brian S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Equations describing the demand for beef and veal, mutton, lamb, pork and chicken are estimated using the full information maximum likelihood estimator. Elasticity estimates are presented and the double logarithmic model is compared with a demand system which is derived from the indirect translog utility function. Estimates of the direct price and income elasticities are not particularly sensitive to model specification but the estimated cross-price elasticities are sensitive to the choice of functional form. The results indicate that the double logarithmic specification may be less satisfactory than the alternative presented in cases where restrictions on the parameters are imposed during estimation.
THE COST-PRICE SQUEEZE ON AUSTRALIAN FARM INCOME
Creators: name: Glau, T.E.
name: Glau, T.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: Relative price movements for major agricultural commodity groups are reviewed. Estimates of the movement in real farm income per farmer are presented for Australian agriculture over the period 1949 to 1969, and for the sheep industry for the period 1953 to 1967. Increased productivity has offset the adverse price movements experienced by farmers over the period examined. The effect of the cost-price squeeze on farm investment and adjustment is discussed. The continuing cost-price squeeze has not prevented sustained investment by farmers.
Special and Differential Treatment: A Mechanism to Promote Development?
Creators: name: Kerr, William A.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: development
subject: institutional reform
subject: protectionism
subject: special and differential treatment
subject: WTO

description: Much has been made of "special and differential" treatment in the Doha Development Round of WTO negotiations. In particular, a conscious effort has been made to infer that special and differential treatment will promote development. While special and differential treatment may be a necessary evil given developing countries' higher adjustment costs, dignifying it as a development mechanism plays into the hands of protectionist interests. In particular, by allowing a general increase in the ability of developing countries to isolate their economies, it may reduce the efficacy of important forces that prod institutional reforms in developing countries. As institutional reform is one of the keys to economic development, lionizing special and differential treatment in the WTO is likely to be counterproductive.
Transformative Change in Agriculture: The Canadian Wheat Board
Creators: name: Furtan, William Hartley
name: Furtan, William Hartley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Canadian Wheat Board
subject: single-deck selling
subject: trade agreements

description: National policies must be in the interest of all Canadians. Between the 1920s and 1940s when the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) was first being constructed, the export of wheat from the prairies was an essential component of national policy. In the twenty-first century the CWB has no important role in the development policy of western Canada. Its objectives are totally aimed at earning premiums in the market for prairie farmers. The CWB controls a smaller volume of the prairie crop in 2005 than it did in 1948. Given this diminished role for the CWB, does it need to exist at all? How might it be changed in a transformative way, given the present day realities of trade agreements and domestic pressures, so that it operates in the national interest while still maximizing returns for prairie wheat and barley farmers?
Pre-Analysis Plan: Decomposing Heterogeneity in Economics
Creators: name: Ioannidis, John P.A.
name: Havranek, Tomas
name: Irsova, Zuzana
name: Rachinger, Heiko
name: Bom, Pedro R. D.
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: heterogeneity
subject: meta-analysis
subject: publication bias
subject: publication selection

description: Empirical findings in economics literatures are typically very heterogeneous. Using a large dataset of 613 meta-analyses, predominately from the field of economics, we intend to decompose this heterogeneity into within- and between-study components and investigate its possible dependence on the size of the primary studies.
Baryonic Resonances from Baryon Decuplet-Meson Octet Interactions and the Exotic Resonance S=1, I=1, J^P=3/2-
Creators: name: Sarkar, Sourav
name: Oset, E.
name: Vacas, M. J. Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the lowest order chiral Lagrangian we study s-wave interactions of the baryon decuplet with the octet of pseudoscalar mesons. We find two bound states in the flavour SU(3) limit corresponding to the octet and decuplet representations. These are found to split into eight different trajectories in the complex plane when the SU(3) symmetry is broken gradually. Finally, we are able to provide a reasonable description for a good number of 4-star 3/2- resonances listed by the Particle Data Group. In particular, the Xi(1820), the Lambda(1520) and the Sigma(1670) states are well reproduced. We predict a few other resonances and also evaluate the couplings of the observed resonances to the various channels from the residues at the poles of the scattering matrix from where partial decay widths into different channels can be evaluated.
description: Talk given at 10th International Conference on the Structure of Baryons (Baryon 2004) at Palaiseau (France), 25-29 October 2004
Disputing Trade Preferences at the WTO Dispute Settlement Body: Revisiting the EC/ACP Sugar Preferences
Creators: name: Ngangjoh H., Yenkong
name: Ngangjoh H., Yenkong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Appellate Body
subject: dispute settlement
subject: Enabling Clause
subject: panel
subject: Sugar Protocol
subject: trade preferences
subject: WTO

description: While the benefits of preferential trade agreements granted by the European Communities to the ACP countries have been lauded, the efficiency of such preferences in achieving the underpinning objectives of the preferences has also been contested in some quarters. Whenever multilateral trade negotiations move towards reducing most-favoured-nation tariffs, countries benefiting from trade preferences are concerned over the impact the reductions will have on such preferences. The debates over the value of preferences seem recently to have intensified due to a number of complaints brought before the WTO dispute settlement system that challenge the legality of the preferences or other measures linked to the preferences. Though it places some emphasis on the Appellate Body rulings in the case EC - Tariff Preferences, this article examines primarily, in light of the relevant GATT/WTO provisions and the EC's sugar reform proposals, the implications the Dispute Settlement Body's (DSB's) report in European Communities - Export Subsidies on Sugar will have for the EC/ACP sugar preferences.
Relic Gravitational Waves and Cosmology
Creators: name: Grishchuk, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is an expanded version of my talk given at the international conference "Zeldovich-90". I start with a brief recollection of interactions with Zeldovich in the context of the study of relic gravitational waves. I then summarise the principles and early results on the quantum-mechanical generation of cosmological perturbations. The expected amplitudes of relic gravitational waves are different in different frequency windows, and therefore the techniques and prospects of their detection are different. One section of the paper describes the present state of efforts in direct detection of relic gravitational waves. Another section is devoted to indirect detection via the anisotropy and polarisation measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). It is emphasized throughout the paper that the conclusions on the existence and expected amount of relic gravitational waves are based on a solid theoretical foundation and the best available cosmological observations. I also explain in great detail what went wrong with the so-called `inflationary gravitational waves', whose amount is predicted by inflationary theorists to be negligibly small, thus depriving them of any observational significance.
description: 36 pages including 8 figures; expanded version of a talk at the international conference `Zeldovich-90', Moscow, December 2004; http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/Z-90; v.2: additional formulas and explanations in response to remarks of anonymous referee; v.3: extra details about 'scalar' perturbations and T/S ratio, scheduled to appear in Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk v.176 (2006); v.4: matches published paper: Physics-Uspekhi, 48(12) 1235-1247 (2005) [Russian version: Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk, 175(12) 1289-1303 (2005)]
Boundary-layer effects on electromagnetic and acoustic extraordinary transmission through narrow slits
Creators: name: Brandão, Rodolfo
name: Holley, Jacob R.
name: Schnitzer, Ory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of resonant extraordinary transmission of electromagnetic and acoustic waves through subwavelength slits in an infinite plate, whose thickness is close to a half-multiple of the wavelength. We build on the matched-asymptotics analysis of Holley & Schnitzer (Wave Motion, 91 102381, 2019), who considered a single-slit configuration assuming an idealised formulation where dissipation is neglected and the electromagnetic and acoustic problems are analogous. We here extend that theory to include thin dissipative boundary layers associated with finite conductivity of the plate in the electromagnetic problem and viscous and thermal effects in the acoustic problem, considering both single-slit and slit-array configurations. By considering a distinguished boundary-layer scaling where dissipative and diffractive effects are comparable, we develop accurate analytical approximations that are generally valid near resonance; the electromagnetic-acoustic analogy is preserved up to a single physics-dependent parameter that is provided explicitly for both scenarios. The theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with GHz-microwave and kHz-acoustic experiments in the literature.
Energy partition and segregation for an intruder in a vibrated granular system under gravity
Creators: name: Brey, J. Javier
name: Ruiz-Montero, M. J.
name: Moreno, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The difference of temperatures between an impurity and the surrounding gas in an open vibrated granular system is studied. It is shown that, in spite of the high inhomogeneity of the state, the temperature ratio remains constant in the bulk of the system. The lack of energy equipartition is associated to the change of sign of the pressure diffusion coefficient for the impurity at certain values of the parameters of the system, leading to a segregation criterium. The theoretical predictions are consistent with previous experimental results, and also in agreement with molecular dynamics simulation results reported in this paper.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Content validity and psychometric properties of the German version of the PROMIS 29+2 v2.1
Creators: name: Ann-Kristin Baalmann
name: Piontek, Katharina
name: Apfelbacher, Christian
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Content validation and psychometric validation study of a generic patient-reported outcome measure in patients suffering from post COVID-19 condition
Schwimmende Kugel
Creators: name: Schröer;Harald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Schwimmen, Kugel, Flüssigkeit, Auftrieb, Archemedisches Prinzip,Wasser,

description: Berechnung, wie tief eine Kugel in einer Flüssigkeit schwimmt. Es wird eine einfache Lösung gefunden
description: in German
Results from the Wide Angle Search for Planets Prototype (WASP0) III: Planet Hunting in the Draco Field
Creators: name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Cameron, Andrew Collier
name: Horne, Keith
name: James, David
name: Lister, T. A.
name: Pollacco, Don L.
name: Street, Rachel A.
name: Tsapras, Yiannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wide Angle Search for Planets prototype (WASP0) is a wide-field instrument used to search for extra-solar planets via the transit method. Here we present the results of a monitoring program which targeted a 9-degree field in Draco. WASP0 monitored 35000 field stars for two consecutive months. Analysis of the lightcurves resulted in the detection of 11 multi-transit candidates and 3 single-transit candidates, two of which we recommend for further follow-up. Monte-Carlo simulations matching the observing parameters estimate the expected number of transit candidates from this survey. A comparison of the expected number with the number of candidates detected is used to discuss limits on planetary companions to field stars.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures (some degraded to fit file size limits), Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Canadian Wheat Board: Government Guarantees and Hidden Subsidies?
Creators: name: Goodloe, Carol
name: Goodloe, Carol
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Canadian Wheat Board
subject: financial cushion
subject: state trading enterprise
subject: World Trade Organization

description: The operations of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), a state trading enterprise, have generated controversy over the years, partly because of an alleged lack of transparency in its operations. This study examines one aspect of operations that is not well understood - the government guarantee of CWB borrowings and export credit sales. This special privilege allows the CWB to generate a "financial cushion", or non-market based revenue, that it can use to enhance returns to producers, discount export prices, or pay administrative expenses. Although recent WTO dispute settlement decisions concluded the CWB does not act inconsistently with some WTO rules, the July 31, 2004 WTO Doha Round framework agreement addresses these potential trade-distorting practices of the CWB.
Like Products, Health and Environmental Exceptions: The Interpretation of PPMs in Recent WTO Trade Dispute Cases
Creators: name: Read, Robert
name: Read, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: asbestos
subject: environment
subject: exceptions
subject: gasoline
subject: GM
subject: health
subject: like products
subject: PPMs
subject: shrimp-turtle
subject: trade disputes
subject: tuna-dolphin
subject: WTO

description: This article is concerned with the ongoing debate on process and production methods (PPMs) and the extent to which existing GATT 1994 articles and WTO agreements are able to deal with these issues. The article provides an overview of GATT articles III.4 on like products and XX on general exceptions as well as the SPS and TBT agreements. It then summarises four recent GATT/WTO trade dispute cases involving PPM issues: tuna-dolphin; shrimp-turtle; gasoline standards; and asbestos. The WTO panel and appellate body decisions in these cases are analysed with regard to articles III.4 and XX in the context of the evolution of WTO case law with respect to PPMs. Inferences are also drawn concerning the likely implications for a potential trade dispute over GM products between the EU and the United States. The article then draws some policy conclusions.
Degenerate perturbation theory in thermoacoustics: high-order sensitivities and exceptional points
Creators: name: Orchini, Alessandro
name: Magri, Luca
name: Silva, Camilo F.
name: Mensah, Georg A.
name: Moeck, Jonas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we connect concepts that have been recently developed in thermoacoustics, specifically, (i) high-order spectral perturbation theory, (ii) symmetry induced degenerate thermoacoustic modes, (iii) intrinsic thermoacoustic modes, and (iv) exceptional points. Their connection helps gain physical insight into the behaviour of the thermoacoustic spectrum when parameters of the system are varied. First, we extend high-order adjoint-based perturbation theory of thermoacoustic modes to the degenerate case. We provide explicit formulae for the calculation of the eigenvalue corrections to any order. These formulae are valid for self-adjoint, non-self-adjoint or even non-normal systems; therefore, they can be applied to a large range of problems, including fluid dynamics. Second, by analysing the expansion coefficients of the eigenvalue corrections as a function of a parameter of interest, we accurately estimate the radius of convergence of the power series. Third, we connect the existence of a finite radius of convergence to the existence of singularities in parameter space. We identify these singularities as exceptional points, which correspond to defective thermoacoustic eigenvalues, with infinite sensitivity to infinitesimal changes in the parameters. At an exceptional point, two eigenvalues and their associated eigenvectors coalesce. Close to an exceptional point, strong veering of the eigenvalue trajectories is observed. As demonstrated in recent work, exceptional points naturally arise in thermoacoustic systems due to the interaction between modes of acoustic and intrinsic origin. The role of exceptional points in thermoacoustic systems sheds new light on the physics and sensitivity of thermoacoustic stability, which can be leveraged for passive control by small design modifications.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication
Recent Developments in the US - Canadian Softwood Lumber Disputes
Creators: name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Roman, Angel Aguiar
name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Roman, Angel Aguiar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Canada
subject: dispute
subject: lumber
subject: United States
subject: WTO

description: Since the United States and Canada could not resolve their contentious dispute on lumber trade, both countries approached the World Trade Organization to resolve this long-running disagreement. Each country filed three petitions covering (a) countervailing duties (CVD), (b) antidumping, and (c) material injury resulting from CVD and antidumping. This article briefly reviews the dispute, explains both countries' factual arguments submitted to the WTO, presents the WTO rulings on the three petitions, and discusses the economic implications of WTO findings.
Consumer sleep technology for children: A scoping review
Creators: name: Canapari, Craig A
name: Chiang, Ambrose
name: Owens, Judith
name: Funaro, Melissa
name: Ordway, Monica
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Sleep Medicine
subject: consumer sleep technology
subject: pediatric sleep
subject: scoping review
subject: sleep

description: This is a scoping review protocol for a project evaluating the evidence base for consumer sleep technology in children.
Recent Developments in the US-Canadian Softwood Lumber Disputes: Technical Annex
Creators: name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Roman, Angel Aguiar
name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Roman, Angel Aguiar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Recent Developments in the US-Canadian Softwood Lumber Diputes" which is available separately.
SN 1998A: Explosion of a Blue Supergiant
Creators: name: Pastorello, A.
name: Baron, E.
name: Branch, D.
name: Zampieri, L.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Ramina, M.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Salvo, M.
name: Patat, F.
name: Piemonte, A.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Leibundgut, B.
name: Altavilla, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic and photometric observations of the peculiar Type II supernova (SN) 1998A. The light curves and spectra closely resemble those of SN 1987A, suggesting that the SN 1998A progenitor exploded when it was a compact blue supergiant. However, the comparison with SN 1987A also highlights some important differences: SN 1998A is more luminous and the spectra show bluer continua and larger expansion velocities at all epochs. These observational properties indicate that the explosion of SN 1998A is more energetic than SN 1987A and more typical of SNe II. Comparing the observational data to simulations, we deduce that the progenitor of SN 1998A was a massive star (~ 25 Mo) with a small pre-supernova radius (< 6 x 10^{12} cm). The Ba II lines, unusually strong in SN 1987A and some faint II--P events, are almost normal in the case of SN 1998A, indicating that the temperature plays a key role in determining their strength.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Reconstruction scheme for excitatory and inhibitory dynamics with quenched disorder: application to zebrafish imaging
Creators: name: Chicchi, Lorenzo
name: Cecchini, Gloria
name: Adam, Ihusan
name: de Vito, Giuseppe
name: Livi, Roberto
name: Pavone, Francesco Saverio
name: Silvestri, Ludovico
name: Turrini, Lapo
name: Vanzi, Francesco
name: Fanelli, Duccio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An inverse procedure is developed and tested to recover functional and structural information from global signals of brains activity. The method assumes a leaky-integrate and fire model with excitatory and inhibitory neurons, coupled via a directed network. Neurons are endowed with a heterogenous current value, which sets their associated dynamical regime. By making use of a heterogenous mean-field approximation, the method seeks to reconstructing from global activity patterns the distribution of in-coming degrees, for both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, as well as the distribution of the assigned currents. The proposed inverse scheme is first validated against synthetic data. Then, time-lapse acquisitions of a zebrafish larva recorded with a two-photon light sheet microscope are used as an input to the reconstruction algorithm. A power law distribution of the in-coming connectivity of the excitatory neurons is found. Local degree distributions are also computed by segmenting the whole brain in sub-regions traced from annotated atlas.
The Changing Nature of Protectionism: Are "Free Traders" Up to the Challenges It Presents?
Creators: name: Kerr, William A.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: consumers
subject: environmentalists
subject: failed economies
subject: producers
subject: protectionism
subject: welfare

description: In the economic model that underlies the WTO the only group that can be expected to ask for protection is producers in importing countries. The existing multilateral trade architecture reflects that assumption. Much of the recent criticism of the multilateral trade regime has arisen as a result of new groups explicitly asking domestic politicians for protection. As these groups were not expected to ask for protection, the international trade regime does not allow domestic politicians to extend protection on the basis of the new demands. Further, countries are expected to perceive benefits from trade liberalisation. These benefits must be balanced against the expected political benefits of protectionism (and their associated welfare costs) when trade negotiations are being conducted. Failed economies, however, see few benefits from liberalisation and, hence, are biased toward protectionism, particularly if trade restrictions are a source of corruption incomes. This article explains the sources of new appeals for protectionism, outlines the relationship with traditional producer protectionism and lays out the challenges the new pressures present for trade-liberalising multilateral institutions.
Application of transporter assays for drug discovery and development: an update of the literature
Creators: name: Volpe, Donna A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Determining whether a new drug is a substrate, inhibitor or inducer of efflux or uptake membrane transporters has become a routine process during drug discovery and development. In vitro assays are utilized to establish whether a new drug has the potential to be an object (substrate) or precipitant (inhibitor, inducer) in transporter-mediated clinical drug–drug interactions. The findings from these in vitro experiments are then used to determine whether further in vivo drug interaction studies are necessary for a new drug. This article provides an update on in vitro transporter assays, focusing on new uses of transfected cells, time-dependent inhibition, transporter induction, and complex model systems. The newer in vitro assays add to the toolbox in defining new drugs as transporter substrates, inhibitors, or inducers. Complex models such as spheroids, organoids, and microphysiological systems require standardization and further research with model transporter substrates and inhibitors. In drug discovery, the more traditional transporter assays may be employed as substrate and inhibitor screening assays. In drug development, more complex cell models can be employed in later drug development to better understand how transporter(s) are involved in the absorption, distribution, and excretion of new drugs.
Molecular dynamics simulations for the structure-based drug design: targeting small-GTPases proteins
Creators: name: Parise, Angela
name: Cresca, Sofia
name: Magistrato, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations can support mechanism-based drug design. Indeed, MD simulations by capturing biomolecule motions at finite temperatures can reveal hidden binding sites, accurately predict drug-binding poses, and estimate the thermodynamics and kinetics, crucial information for drug discovery campaigns. Small-Guanosine Triphosphate Phosphohydrolases (GTPases) regulate a cascade of signaling events, that affect most cellular processes. Their deregulation is linked to several diseases, making them appealing drug targets. The broad roles of small-GTPases in cellular processes and the recent approval of a covalent KRas inhibitor as an anticancer agent renewed the interest in targeting small-GTPase with small molecules. This review emphasizes the role of MD simulations in elucidating small-GTPase mechanisms, assessing the impact of cancer-related variants, and discovering novel inhibitors. The application of MD simulations to small-GTPases exemplifies the role of MD simulations in the structure-based drug design process for challenging biomolecular targets. Furthermore, AI and machine learning-enhanced MD simulations, coupled with the upcoming power of quantum computing, are promising instruments to target elusive small-GTPases mutations and splice variants. This powerful synergy will aid in developing innovative therapeutic strategies associated to small-GTPases deregulation, which could potentially be used for personalized therapies and in a tissue-agnostic manner to treat tumors with mutations in small-GTPases.
Colorado College State of the Rockies Project: 2020 Conservation in the West Poll
Creators: name: Colorado College State Of The Rockies Project
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Most important environmental problems (1); importance of environmental issues (1); environmental problems in your state (16); private companies profiting from public land if it would limit public use (1); emphasis for Congress for upcoming decisions regarding national public lands (1); water supplies in Western United States (1); changes in federal rules and standards affecting environment (3); state policies affecting public lands, water, and wildlife in West (14); renewable sources of state energy (1); climate change/global warming (5); conservationist (1); how long have you lived in your state (1); hunter/angler (1); social media use (1).
The Bolocam 1.1 mm Lockman Hole Galaxy Survey: SHARC II 350 micron Photometry and Implications for Spectral Models, Dust Temperatures, and Redshift Estimation
Creators: name: Laurent, G. T.
name: Glenn, J.
name: Egami, E.
name: Rieke, G. H.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Yun, M. S.
name: Aguirre, J. E.
name: Maloney, P. R.
name: Haig, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 350 micron photometry of all 17 galaxy candidates in the Lockman Hole detected in a 1.1 mm Bolocam survey. Several of the galaxies were previously detected at 850 microns, at 1.2 mm, in the infrared by Spitzer, and in the radio. Nine of the Bolocam galaxy candidates were detected at 350 microns and two new candidates were serendipitously detected at 350 microns (bringing the total in the literature detected in this way to three). Five of the galaxies have published spectroscopic redshifts, enabling investigation of the implied temperature ranges and a comparison of photometric redshift techniques. Lambda = 350 microns lies near the spectral energy distribution peak for z = 2.5 thermally emitting galaxies. Thus, luminosities can be measured without extrapolating to the peak from detection wavelengths of lambda > 850 microns. Characteristically, the galaxy luminosities lie in the range 1.0 - 1.2 x 10^13 L_solar, with dust temperatures in the range of 40 K to 70 K, depending on the choice of spectral index and wavelength of unit optical depth. The implied dust masses are 3 - 5 x 10^8 M_solar. We find that the far-infrared to radio relation for star-forming ULIRGs systematically overpredicts the radio luminosities and overestimates redshifts on the order of Delta z ~ 1, whereas redshifts based on either on submillimeter data alone or the 1.6 micron stellar bump and PAH features are more accurate.
description: In Press (to appear in Astrophysical Journal, ApJ 20 May 2006 v643 1) 47 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
The Problem of Inclusion, Developing Countries, and Global Trade
Creators: name: Mazzacano, Peter J.
name: Mazzacano, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: free trade
subject: globalization
subject: liberalization
subject: least developed countries
subject: less developed countries
subject: trade
subject: United Nations
subject: World Bank
subject: World Trade Organization

description: Anger and optimism are coexisting themes related to the growing liberalization of international trade and the resultant transforming forces of globalization. While international trade and globalization offer the world community many benefits, there also appear to be negative consequences, particularly for least developed countries (LDCs). With increased trade and globalization has come an uneven distribution of the costs and benefits. This appears to have exacerbated inequalities of wealth and power within and between countries. The result is asymmetric interdependence where certain countries seem to prosper while others suffer. If trade is to benefit the LDCs and their poor constituents, more must be done to make them full and equal participants in the world economy. Particularly in the agricultural sector and the clothing and textiles sector, the industrialized countries need to remove their trade barriers in order for the LDCs to accrue the benefits of free trade and market liberalization. By fully embracing trade liberalization, the industrialized countries could allow the LDCs to realize substantial economic gains and move millions of people to positions above the poverty line. Thus, the reduction of trade barriers is an obligation of the industrialized countries if they wish the LDCs to prosper - as other nations have - in the new global economy. In promoting worldwide trade liberalization, the World Trade Organization (WTO) plays a crucial role. However, considering that the bulk of world trade is still between industrialized nations, and that the biggest WTO decisions have little or nothing to do with LDCs, the WTO may not be the best forum for promoting a comprehensive understanding of developing-world issues. Similarly, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) can play important, but limited, roles in resolving developing-world issues. The United Nations provides a more natural forum in which to address the unique problems and concerns of LDCs. As a network of governments, the UN is better equipped for knowledge exchange, advocacy, and fair hearing of the problems plaguing the developing world. It is also a better source of legitimacy than are international financial institutions (IFIs). These characteristics provide the UN with the moral authority necessary to effect change to the benefit of LDCs.
Phase-transfer mediated electroreduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide in acid and alkaline electrolytes
Creators: name: Gyenge, Elod Lajos
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Two novel methods for the electroreductioh of O₂ to H₂O₂ have been developed and investigated in a variety of acidic and alkaline solutions. The first technique, unreported before in the literature, uses surfactants and exploits the associated interfacial effects, in order to enhance the direct, 2e⁻ reduction of O₂.The second method described in the present study is based on emulsion mediation of the electroreduction of O₂. The latter procedure employs a three-phase, L/L/G system, composed of an organic media, an aqueous electrolyte and oxygen gas. The organic phase is composed of a redox mediator (i.e. 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone, EtAQ), supporting electrolyte (i.e., tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, TBAP) and cationic surfactant (i.e., tricaprylmethylammonium chloride, Aliquat® 336) dissolved in a solvent (e.g., tributyl phosphate, TBP). Hydrogen peroxide is produced in-situ, by the mediating cycle: EtAQ electroreduction - homogeneous oxidation of the anthrahydroquinone. An in-depth study and synergistic analysis was performed for several phenomena of importance for emulsion mediation, such as physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of the organic media, emulsification characteristics, partition of H₂O₂, mechanism of EtAQ - O₂ electroreduction and multiphase flow dynamics in three-dimensional electrodes. Also, an economic analysis is provided for in-situ H₂O₂ production by emulsion mediation in an acidic electrolyte. The employed experimental techniques involved: cyclic voltammetry at µA current levels, batch electrolysis using currents up to 1 A and electrosynthesis in fixed-bed 'flow-by' electrochemical cells operated at currents up to 60 A . For the electrosynthesis experiments the cathode materials were either graphite felt or reticulated vitreous carbons with 10 to 100 pores per inch. For the surfactant modified, 'direct' O₂ reduction, it was found that a triple-C₈ chain cationic surfactant, Aliquat 336® (i.e. [CH₃(CH₂)₇] ₃CH₃N⁺C1⁻) increased the standard rate constant for O₂ electroreduction to H₂O₂ on vitreous carbon, minimized the H₂O₂ electroreduction and improved the peroxide concentration and current efficiency during electrosynthesis in various acid and alkaline electrolytes. These effects were attributed to an increase of the surface pH induced by the Aliquat 336® surface structures. The emulsion mediation was most effective for acidic peroxide electrosynthesis, where at current densities above 500 A m⁻² the mediated system yielded higher peroxide concentrations and current efficiencies than the surfactant modified 'direct' O₂ electroreduction.
Adverse drug events associated with fluorouracil use in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system
Creators: name: Zhao, Ruiqi
name: Han, Mengyao
name: Lin, Sen
name: Lin, Zhimei
name: Yu, Mengjiao
name: Zhang, Bei
name: Ma, Lanyue
name: Li, Danfei
name: Peng, Lisheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but real-world safety data is limited. Our study aimed to evaluate 5-FU’s safety profile in a large mCRC population using the FAERS database. We conducted disproportionality analyses to identify adverse drug events associated with 5-FU use in mCRC patients from 2004 to 2023. Subgroup analyses, gender difference analyses, and logistic regression were also performed. We identified 1,458 reports with 5-FU as the primary suspected drug, with males accounting for 48.8% of reports. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most common adverse event (864 cases), while pregnancy-related conditions showed the strongest signal intensity (ROR = 2.97). We found 19 preferred terms with positive signals, including ischemic hepatitis (ROR = 59.32), blood iron increased (ROR = 59.32), and stress cardiomyopathy (ROR = 51.94). Males were more susceptible to weight loss and skin toxicity. Most adverse events occurred within the first month of 5-FU administration. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of 5-FU’s safety profile in mCRC patients, helping healthcare professionals mitigate risks in clinical practice.
Solar Vortex Tubes: Vortex Dynamics in the Solar Atmosphere
Creators: name: Silva, Suzana S. A.
name: Fedun, Viktor
name: Verth, Gary
name: Rempel, Erico L.
name: Shelyag, Sergiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, a state-of-the-art vortex detection method, Instantaneous Vorticity Deviation, is applied to locate three-dimensional vortex tube boundaries in numerical simulations of solar photospheric magnetoconvection performed by the MURaM code. We detected three-dimensional vortices distributed along intergranular regions and displaying coned shapes that extend from the photosphere to the low chromosphere. Based on a well-defined vortex center and boundary, we were able to determine averaged radial profiles and thereby investigate the dynamics across the vortical flows at different height levels. The solar vortex tubes present nonuniform angular rotational velocity, and, at all height levels, there are eddy viscosity effects within the vortices, which slow down the plasma as it moves toward the center. The vortices impact the magnetic field as they help to intensify the magnetic field at the sinking points, and in turn, the magnetic field ends up playing an essential role in the vortex dynamics. The magnetic field was found to be especially important to the vorticity evolution. On the other hand, it is shown that, in general, kinematic vortices do not give rise to magnetic vortices unless their tangential velocities at different height levels are high enough to overcome the magnetic tension.
Finnish Salmonella Control Program -- Efficiency and Viability in Food Safety Promotion
Creators: name: Maijala, Riitta
name: Peltola, Jukka
name: Maijala, Riitta
name: Peltola, Jukka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food safety
subject: salmonella control
subject: policy evaluation

description: When joining the EU, Finland was granted a permission to run its own food safety policy concerning Salmonella. The policy is called Finnish Salmonella Control Program (FSCP) and it covers the main animal production lines: pork, beef, poultry, and also the products thereof e.g. meat and eggs. By committing to follow an EU Commission approved national program Finland received so called additional guarantees from the EU. These guarantees allow it to require respective salmonella protection levels from similar products imported to the country. In order to continue the program its economic efficiency has to be thoroughly evaluated. The objective of FCSP is that no more than 1% of the animals and meat should be contaminated with Salmonella at the national level. Respectively, at the abattoir or meat cutting plant level the goal is 5% . These quite strict objectives were reached well in 1995-2001. The industry is responsible for running the program in practice. National authorities have their emphasis in coordination, collecting of data and supervision. The costs of the program are almost fully carried by the industry. This paper evaluates the efficiency and viability of FSCP as a whole. It can be concluded, that money used running the program is well-spent: health benefits produced, estimated either using a cost-of-illness type of calculations or a willingness-to-pay measure from a consumer survey are many times larger than the costs of the program. In the end it can be concluded that FSCP is a good example of economically viable tool for sustaining public health.
Kinetic equation for a dense soliton gas
Creators: name: El, G. A.
name: Kamchatnov, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general method to derive kinetic equations for dense soliton gases in physical systems described by integrable nonlinear wave equations. The kinetic equation describes evolution of the spectral distribution function of solitons due to soliton-soliton collisions. Owing to complete integrability of the soliton equations, only pairwise soliton interactions contribute to the solution and the evolution reduces to a transport of the eigenvalues of the associated spectral problem with the corresponding soliton velocities modified by the collisions. The proposed general procedure of the derivation of the kinetic equation is illustrated by the examples of the Korteweg -- de Vries (KdV) and nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations. As a simple physical example we construct an explicit solution for the case of interaction of two cold NLS soliton gases.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, final version published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Price Linkage and Transmission between Shippers and Retailers in the French Fresh Vegetable Channel
Creators: name: Hassan, Daniel
name: Simioni, Michel
name: Hassan, Daniel
name: Simioni, Michel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The existence and the kind of asymmetry that characterize the relationships between shipping-point and retail prices are investigated for two major French fresh vegetables: tomatoes and chicory. Weekly data allow considering these relationships at very detailed levels such as region or supermarket chain. Moreover, the methodology proposes an implicit treatment of asymmetries in price transmission by using recently developed threshold cointegration methods. Our results do not give evidence to the widespread assertion that shipping-point price increases are completely and rapidly passed by middlemen on to consumers while there is a slower and less complete transmission of shipping-point price declines. As already emphasized in the literature, these results may be linked to the perishable nature of the two considered fresh vegetables.
Impact of CAP Animal Premiums on Cattle and Ewe Stock in the Netherlands
Creators: name: Van Leeuwen, Myrna
name: Tabeau, Andrzej A.
name: Van Leeuwen, Myrna
name: Tabeau, Andrzej A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper examines the influence of animal premiums under the CAP beef and ewe regime on beef and sheep meat farming in the Netherlands concerning instruments like stock density limits, quota on premium rights and premium payments. On the basis of econometric models, equations are estimated for beef cows1, bulls and ewes. Then, the impacts of the different policy instruments on the stocks are decomposed. At last, prospects of Agenda 2000 on the Dutch beef and ewe sector are calculated up to 2010. For policy makers, the study offers information on the effectiveness of animal premium instruments to manipulate beef and sheep meat production. For Dutch farmers, the study offers information to what extent premium instruments might influence the decision to incline or reduce their stocks.