cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmic string parameter constraints and model analysis using small scale Cosmic Microwave Background data
Creators: name: Urrestilla, J.
name: Bevis, N.
name: Hindmarsh, M.
name: Kunz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a significant update of the constraints on the Abelian Higgs cosmic string tension by cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, enabled both by the use of new high-resolution CMB data from suborbital experiments as well as the latest results of the WMAP satellite, and by improved predictions for the impact of Abelian Higgs cosmic strings on the CMB power spectra. The new cosmic string spectra (presented in a previous work) were improved especially for small angular scales, through the use of larger Abelian Higgs string simulations and careful extrapolation. If Abelian Higgs strings are present then we find improved bounds on their contribution to the CMB anisotropies, f10< 0.095, and on their tension, Gμ< 0.57 x 10^-6, both at 95% confidence level using WMAP7 data; and f10 < 0.048 and Gμ< 0.42 x 10^-6 using all the CMB data. We also find that using all the CMB data, a scale invariant initial perturbation spectrum, ns=1, is now disfavoured at 2.4σ even if strings are present. A Bayesian model selection analysis no longer indicates a preference for strings.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; Minor corrections, matches published version
title: Realising the benefits of MRI-directed biopsy pathway in prostate cancer detection
Creators: name: Dragan, Alina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Learn the magnitude of benefits of introducing the multiparametric MRI-MR-directed biopsy (MRI-MRDB) pathway for prostate cancer diagnosis Appreciate that benefits of MRI-MRDB vary with population (biopsy-naïve vs prior negative biopsy) and with...
title: Die Menschen brauchen Lösungen, um sinkende Rentenniveaus zu kompensieren: Interview
Creators: name: Geyer, Johannes
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 21/22, S. 384
Dynamics of ripple formation on silicon surfaces by ultrashort laser pulses in sub-ablation conditions
Creators: name: Tsibidis, George D.
name: Barberoglou, Marios
name: Loukakos, Panagiotis A.
name: Stratakis, Emmanuel
name: Fotakis, Costas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An investigation of ultrashort pulsed laser induced surface modification due to conditions that result in a superheated melted liquid layer and material evaporation are considered. To describe the surface modification occurring after cooling and resolidification of the melted layer and understand the underlying physical fundamental mechanisms, a unified model is presented to account for crater and subwavelength ripple formation based on a synergy of electron excitation and capillary waves solidification. The proposed theoretical framework aims to address the laser-material interaction in sub-ablation conditions and thus minimal mass removal in combination with a hydrodynamics-based scenario of the crater creation and ripple formation following surface irradiation with single and multiple pulses, respectively. The development of the periodic structures is attributed to the interference of the incident wave with a surface plasmon wave. Details of the surface morphology attained are elaborated as a function of the imposed conditions and results are tested against experimental data.
title: What can the vessels tell us? - A special emphasis on GI vascular anatomy and collateral patterns as pathway to diagnosis
Creators: name: Miranda, Thiago
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Anatomy
subject: Vascular
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Arteriovenous malformations
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Identify the presence of collateral circulation based on normal gastrointestinal tract vascular anatomy. Review how and where most collateral vessels form on abdominal CT scans. Understand the basic principles behind collaterals formation. Use the...
Stochastic models for spatial populations
Creators: name: Chen, Yu-Ting
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: This thesis is dedicated to the study of various spatial stochastic processes from theoretical biology. For finite interacting particle systems from evolutionary biology, we study two of the simple rules for the evolution of cooperation on finite graph in Ohtsuki, Hauert, Lieberman, and Nowak [Nature 441 (2006) 502-505] which were first discovered by clever, but non-rigorous, methods. We resort to the notion of voter model perturbations and give a rigorous proof, very different from the original arguments, that both of the rules of Ohtsuki et al. are valid and are sharp. Moreover, the generality of our method leads to a first-order approximation for fixation probabilities of general voter model perturbations on finite graphs in terms of the voter model fixation probabilities. This should be of independent interest for other voter model perturbations. For spatial branching processes from population biology, we prove pathwise non-uniqueness in the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE’s) of some one-dimensional super-Brownian motions with immigration and zero initial value. In contrast to a closely related case studied in a recent work by Mueller, Mytnik, and Perkins [30], the solutions of the present SPDE’s are assumed to be nonnegative and are unique in law. In proving possible separation of solutions, we use a novel method, called continuous decomposition, to validate natural immigrant-wise semimartingale calculations for the approximating solutions, which may be of independent interest in the study of superprocesses with immigration.
The Role of Teacher Autonomy in Learner Autonomy
Creators: name: Egitim, Soyhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200303 English as a Second Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: The goal of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of the role of teacher autonomy in the development of learner autonomy. Firstly, the general attributes of autonomous teachers are identified. Next, the teacher’s role in scaffolding and learner support was emphasized through the illustration of regular weekly homework assignments and learner goal- setting practices. The conclusion indicates that learner autonomy is an essential element for successful learning and the teacher’s gradual withdrawal from the learning process is needed in order to foster autonomous learning skills in students.
title: Das Rentenniveau spielt eine wesentliche Rolle für das Armutsrisiko im Alter
Creators: name: Buslei, Hermann
name: Fischer, Björn
name: Geyer, Johannes
name: Hammerschmid, Anna
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: H55 Social Security and Public Pensions
subject: I32 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
subject: J14 Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-labor Market Discrimination
subject: J26 Retirement; Retirement Policies
subject: Public pensions
subject: poverty
subject: pension reform

description: Im Bericht werden die Auswirkungen eines zukünftig sinkenden Rentenniveaus auf das Ausmaß der Altersarmut in verschiedenen Szenarien untersucht. Das verfügbare Haushaltseinkommen wird anhand eines Querschnittes von Daten aus dem Jahr 2015 simuliert. Von sonstigen Verhaltensänderungen wird explizit abgesehen. Armut wird dabei anhand zweier üblicher Indikatoren gemessen: der Armutsrisikoquote und der Grundsicherungsquote im Alter. Die Simulation der künftigen Armutsentwicklung bis ins Jahr 2045 zeigt in allen Szenarien einen Anstieg der Armutsrisikoquote im Alter an. Die Entwicklung der Grundsicherungsquote ist hingegen vergleichsweise stärker von den getroffenen Annahmen zur Fortschreibung der Preis- und Unterkunftskostenentwicklung abhängig. Der erwartete Anstieg der Armutsrisikoquote weist auf einen Handlungsbedarf des Gesetzgebers hin. Zur Einkommenssicherung bei einkommensschwachen Haushalten bieten sich vor allem Reformen der kollektiven Alterssicherungssysteme an, da hier gezielt umverteilt werden kann. Das kann innerhalb der gesetzlichen Rente auch in der kurzen Frist erreicht werden. Für die längere Frist wäre zum Beispiel der Ausbau der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge insbesondere für Personen mit unterdurchschnittlichem Einkommen eine Möglichkeit.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 21/22, S. 375-383
Towards a Critique of the Text Analysis Theory
Creators: name: Aliyu M.U.
name: Acheoah J. E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Language use is a product of its functions in varied communication situations. This is the case in literary, nonliterary, written and spoken texts. Fowler (1981) opines that "linguistic structure is not arbitrary. It is determined and motivated by the functions it performs." In language and linguistics, theoretical frameworks explain the dynamics of human communication. In this regard, the Text Analysis Theory is worthy of scholarly attention. This study investigates its strengths and weaknesses of the theory, as evident in the postulations and notions therein. On the whole, this study concludes that in spite of the weaknesses of the Text Analysis Theory (such as its exclusion of non-verbal accompaniments in the elucidation of human communication), the theory reasonably answers classical communication questions from speaker-hearer and writer-reader ends, due to its appreciable coverage and instructive submissions on linguistic and extra-linguistic underpinnings of human communication.
Classical Motion in Random Potentials
Creators: name: Knauf, Andreas
name: Schumacher, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37A30, 70H07

description: We consider the motion of a classical particle under the influence of a random potential on R^d, in particular the distribution of asymptotic velocities and the question of ergodicity of time evolution.
description: 45 pages, 3 figures
title: Die Geldpolitik der EZB war für die Euroländer besser als die ihrer nationalen Vorgänger: Interview
Creators: name: Fritsche, Jan Philipp
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 20, S. 368
Microstates at the boundary of AdS
Creators: name: Mathur, Samir D.
name: Turton, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bound states of the D1D5 brane system have a known gravitational description: flat asymptotics, an anti-de Sitter region, and a 'cap' ending the AdS region. We construct perturbations that correspond to the action of chiral algebra generators on Ramond ground states of D1D5 branes. Abstract arguments in the literature suggest that the perturbation should be pure gauge in the AdS region; our perturbation indeed has this structure, with the nontrivial deformation of the geometry occurring at the 'neck' between the AdS region and asymptotic infinity. This 'non-gauge' deformation is needed to provide the nonzero energy and momentum carried by the perturbation. We also suggest implications this structure may have for the majority of microstates which live at the cap.
description: 41 pages, 6 figures, v2: cross-check of results added, to appear in JHEP
Lagrangian perturbations and the matter bispectrum I: fourth-order model for non-linear clustering
Creators: name: Rampf, Cornelius
name: Buchert, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Lagrangian perturbation theory of a homogeneous and isotropic universe in the non-relativistic limit, and derive the solutions up to the fourth order. These solutions are needed for example for the next-to-leading order correction of the (resummed) Lagrangian matter bispectrum, which we study in an accompanying paper. We focus on flat cosmologies with a vanishing cosmological constant, and provide an in-depth description of two complementary approaches used in the current literature. Both approaches are solved with two different sets of initial conditions---both appropriate for modelling the large-scale structure. Afterwards we consider only the fastest growing mode solution, which is not affected by either of these choices of initial conditions. Under the reasonable approximation that the linear density contrast is evaluated at the initial Lagrangian position of the fluid particle, we obtain the nth-order displacement field in the so-called initial position limit: the nth order displacement field consists of 3(n-1) integrals over n linear density contrasts, and obeys self-similarity. Then, we find exact relations between the series in Lagrangian and Eulerian perturbation theory, leading to identical predictions for the density contrast and the peculiar-velocity divergence up to the fourth order.
description: 31 pages, matches published version in JCAP, added an extra section which discusses and motivates the choice of initial conditions, extended the title for the sake of precision
Nachträglichkeit. Psychoanalytisch-philosophische Erkundungen zu Menschen und Begriffen aus dem zerrissenen 20. Jahrhundert: Albert Speer, Herschel Grynszpan / Reichskristallnacht, Ernst Jünger
Creators: name: Reinke, Ellen
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychologie
subject: Reichskristallnacht
subject: Speer, Albert
subject: Grynszpan, Herschel
subject: Jünger, Ernst
subject: 100

description: Nachträglichkeit. Psychoanalytisch-philosophische Erkundungen zu Menschen und Begriffen aus dem zerrissenen 20. Jahrhundert: Albert Speer, Herschel Grynszpan / Reichskristallnacht, Ernst Jünger
title: Gute-Kita-Gesetz: Besser Qualitäts- als Gebührenwettbewerb!: Kommentar
Creators: name: Spieß, C. Katharina
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 19, S. 356
title: Photon scattering off ⁹⁴Zr and ⁹⁶Zr
Creators: name: Zweidinger, M.
name: Beller, J.
name: Isaak, J.
name: Pietralla, N.
name: Ponomarev, V. Yu
name: Romig, C.
name: Savran, D.
name: Scheck, M.
name: Sonnabend, K.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: Photon-scattering experiments off the nuclei ⁹⁴Zr and ⁹⁶Zr were performed at the 10-MeV bremsstrahlung facility DHIPS at the super-conducting electron linear accelerator S-DALINAC at Darmstadt. The dipole excitation-strength distributions were determined in an energy range between 2 and 8 MeV, including the 1⁻ quadrupole-octupole coupled Two-Phonon-State and parts of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance. In total 74 transitions in ⁹⁶ Zr were observed and for most of the excited states the spin quantum number could be firmly assigned to J = 1. Calculations within the Quasiparticle Phonon Model show a good agreement.
title: 20 Jahre EZB-Geldpolitik – Gute Gründe zu feiern!
Creators: name: Fritsche, Jan Philipp
name: Harms, Patrick Christian
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: C32 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
subject: E42 Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
subject: E52 Monetary Policy
subject: Economic and Monetary Union
subject: ECB
subject: Euro Area
subject: Structural Vector Autoregressions
subject: Monetary Policy Stress
subject: Sign Restrictions
subject: Heteroskedasticity

description: Zwanzig Jahre nach Gründung des europäischen Währungsraum zieht dieser Wochenbericht mittels einer empirischen Analyse Bilanz. Eine oft gehörte These besagt, dass die Geldpolitik der Europäischen Zentralbank nur schlechter sein kann als die ihrer nationalen Vorgänger, weil die Länder der Eurozone unterschiedlichen Konjunkturzyklen ausgesetzt sind, aber nur ein gemeinsamer Zinssatz für den gesamten Währungsraum festgelegt werden kann. Die hier präsentierte Analyse zeigt aber, dass die einheitliche Geldpolitik der EZB aus der Perspektive der Mitgliedsländer für bessere Konjunkturstabilisierung als die der meisten ihrer nationalen Vorgänger gesorgt hat. Die Geldpolitik ist in Europa auch weitgehend unabhängig von den Wechselkursen geworden. Was die Zentralbank allerdings nicht leisten kann ist, den langfristigen makroökonomischen Ungleichgewichten entgegenzuwirken. Um die Länder des Euroraums besser vor Krisen zu schützen, sollten Reformen der Währungsunion in der Fiskalpolitik und die Vervollständigung der Banken- und Kapitalmarktunion Priorität haben. Um Bestrebungen einer Renationalisierung der Wirtschafts- und Geldpolitik zu adressieren, müssen Fehler in der Krisenbewältigung offen diskutiert werden. Die Geldpolitik der EZB darf nicht zum Sündenbock gemacht werden.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 20, S. 359-367
title: KI ersetzt den Arzt nicht, kann aber bei der Diagnose eine wertvolle Hilfe sein: Interview
Creators: name: Ullrich, Hannes
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: C10 Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 19, S. 342
Asymptotically cylindrical Calabi-Yau 3-folds from weak Fano 3-folds
Creators: name: Corti, Alessio
name: Haskins, Mark
name: Nordström, Johannes
name: Pacini, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J30, 53C29 (Primary) 14E15, 14J28, 14J32, 14J45, 53C25 (Secondary)

description: We prove the existence of asymptotically cylindrical (ACyl) Calabi-Yau 3-folds starting with (almost) any deformation family of smooth weak Fano 3-folds. This allow us to exhibit hundreds of thousands of new ACyl Calabi-Yau 3-folds; previously only a few hundred ACyl Calabi-Yau 3-folds were known. We pay particular attention to a subclass of weak Fano 3-folds that we call semi-Fano 3-folds. Semi-Fano 3-folds satisfy stronger cohomology vanishing theorems and enjoy certain topological properties not satisfied by general weak Fano 3-folds, but are far more numerous than genuine Fano 3-folds. Also, unlike Fanos they often contain P^1s with normal bundle O(-1) + O(-1), giving rise to compact rigid holomorphic curves in the associated ACyl Calabi-Yau 3-folds. We introduce some general methods to compute the basic topological invariants of ACyl Calabi-Yau 3-folds constructed from semi-Fano 3-folds, and study a small number of representative examples in detail. Similar methods allow the computation of the topology in many other examples. All the features of the ACyl Calabi-Yau 3-folds studied here find application in arXiv:1207.4470 where we construct many new compact G_2-manifolds using Kovalev's twisted connected sum construction. ACyl Calabi-Yau 3-folds constructed from semi-Fano 3-folds are particularly well-adapted for this purpose.
description: 107 pages, 1 figure. v3: minor corrections, changed formatting
Group velocity of neutrino waves
Creators: name: Indumathi, D.
name: Kaul, Romesh K.
name: Murthy, M. V. N.
name: Rajasekaran, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We follow up on the analysis of Mecozzi and Bellini (arXiv:1110:1253v1) where they showed, in principle, the possibility of superluminal propagation of neutrinos, as indicated by the recent OPERA result. We refine the analysis by introducing wave packets for the superposition of energy eigenstates and discuss the implications of their results with realistic values for the mixing and mass parameters in a full three neutrino mixing scenario. Our analysis shows the possibility of superluminal propagation of neutrino flavour in a very narrow range of neutrino parameter space. Simultaneously this reduces the number of observable events drastically. Therefore, the OPERA result cannot be explained in this frame-work.
description: 10 pages revtex with 2 figures. Important changes have been made; in particular, it has been revised to include a discussion on the nature of the measurement and its impact on the result
title: Johann Sigismund Wilhelm von Reuschenberg
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Johann Sigismund Wilhelm von Reuschenberg as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Discerning New Physics in Top-Antitop Production using Top Spin Observables at Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Fajfer, Svjetlana
name: Kamenik, Jernej F.
name: Melic, Blazenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Copious production of top-antitop quark pairs at hadron colliders has enabled various probes into the properties and interactions of top quarks. Among the various presently measured observables, the forward-backward asymmetry (FBA) in t tbar production measured at the Tevatron significantly deviates from the standard model predictions, and many models of new physics have been invented to explain the puzzle. We consider the consistency of the simplified single-resonance models containing a color octet axial-vector ("axigluon"), color triplet or sextet weak singlet scalars, weak isodoublet scalar, flavor-changing neutral Z', or charged W' vector boson with existing t tbar production measurements. Among the considered models only an axigluon can reproduce all Tevatron observables, without being in severe tension with the recent LHC results on t tbar production cross section, charge asymmetry and top-spin correlations. The LHC charge asymmetry measurements exclude the W' and Z' explanations of the Tevatron FBA anomaly. On the other hand, all scalar models predict notable deviations in several top spin observables, and the recent top spin correlation measurement using the "helicity" spin quantization axis by ATLAS already provides a significant constraint on possible explanations of the Tevatron FBA anomaly. Future precise measurements of top spin correlations and especially top polarization could differentiate between scalar t(u)-channel models, while they are less sensitive to pure axigluon contributions.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, published version
Skyrme Interaction and Nuclear Matter Constraints
Creators: name: Dutra, M.
name: Lourenço, O.
name: Martins, J. S. Sá
name: Delfino, A.
name: Stone, J. R.
name: Stevenson, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a detailed assessment of the ability of the 240 Skyrme interaction parameter sets in the literature to satisfy a series of criteria derived from macroscopic properties of nuclear matter in the vicinity of nuclear saturation density at zero temperature and their density dependence, derived by the liquid drop model, experiments with giant resonances and heavy-ion collisions. The objective is to identify those parameterizations which best satisfy the current understanding of the physics of nuclear matter over a wide range of applications. Out of the 240 models, only 16 are shown to satisfy all these constraints. Additional, more microscopic, constraints on density dependence of the neutron and proton effective mass beta-equilibrium matter, Landau parameters of symmetric and pure neutron nuclear matter, and observational data on high- and low-mass cold neutron stars further reduce this number to 5, a very small group of recommended Skyrme parameterizations to be used in future applications of the Skyrme interaction of nuclear matter related observables. Full information on partial fulfillment of individual constraints by all Skyrme models considered is given. The results are discussed in terms of the physical interpretation of the Skyrme interaction and the validity of its use in mean-field models. Future work on application of the Skyrme forces, selected on the basis of variables of nuclear matter, in Hartree-Fock calculation of properties of finite nuclei, is outlined.
description: 86 pages, 14 figures
title: Wiederanstieg der Einkommensungleichheit – aber auch deutlich steigende Realeinkommen
Creators: name: Grabka, Markus M.
name: Goebel, Jan
name: Liebig, Stefan
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: I31 General Welfare
subject: I32 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
subject: Income inequality
subject: at-risk of poverty
subject: SOEP

description: Von 1991 bis 2016 sind die verfügbaren bedarfsgewichteten Einkommen der privaten Haushalte in Deutschland real im Durchschnitt um 18 Prozent gestiegen. Dieser Zuwachs fällt aber je nach Einkommensposition unterschiedlich aus. Im Ergebnis ist die Ungleichheit der verfügbaren Haushaltseinkommen seit der Finanzmarktkrise gestiegen. Das zeigt die vorliegende Studie auf Basis von Daten der Längsschnittstudie Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP). Die Armutsrisikoquote verbleibt im Jahr 2016 weiterhin bei einem Wert von 16,6 Prozent im Vergleich zu rund elf Prozent Mitte der 1990er Jahre. Erwerbstätigkeit allein ist nicht mehr ausreichend, um vor Einkommensarmut zu schützen. Denn geht in einem Haushalt nur eine Person einer Beschäftigung nach, so hat sich seit 1991 das Armutsrisiko für diesen Haushaltstyp verdoppelt. Insbesondere in städtischen Regionen hat die Zahl der Niedrigeinkommensbezieher stark zugenommen. Will man dem entgegensteuern, so bedarf es unter anderem höherer Lohnabschlüsse oder eines Zurückdrängens von Minijobs. Daneben fehlt es zunehmend an bezahlbarem Wohnraum, so dass auch der Bau von preiswertem Wohnraum in den Fokus der Politik rücken sollte.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 19, S. 343-353
On the existence of paths between points in high level excursion sets of Gaussian random fields
Creators: name: Adler, Robert J.
name: Moldavskaya, Elina
name: Samorodnitsky, Gennady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The structure of Gaussian random fields over high levels is a well researched and well understood area, particularly if the field is smooth. However, the question as to whether or not two or more points which lie in an excursion set belong to the same connected component has constantly eluded analysis. We study this problem from the point of view of large deviations, finding the asymptotic probabilities that two such points are connected by a path laying within the excursion set, and so belong to the same component. In addition, we obtain a characterization and descriptions of the most likely paths, given that one exists.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOP794 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Künstliche Intelligenz und Daten können bei der Eindämmung von Antibiotikaresistenzen helfen
Creators: name: Ribers, Michael A.
name: Ullrich, Hannes
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: C10 Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
subject: I11 Analysis of Health Care Markets
subject: I18 Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
subject: L38 Public Policy
subject: Q28 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy
subject: antibiotic prescribing
subject: prediction policy
subject: machine learning
subject: expert decision-making

description: Eine zentrale Strategie, um der Zunahme von Antibiotikaresistenzen entgegenzutreten, ist die Verbesserung der ärztlichen Verschreibungspraxis. Damit sollen Fehlverschreibungen von Antibiotika als eine Hauptursache von Antibiotikaresistenzen vermieden werden. Die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit medizinischer Daten und Methoden des maschinellen Lernens bieten die Chance, schnellere Diagnosen bereitzustellen. In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel von Antibiotikaverschreibungen für Harnwegsinfekte in Dänemark dargelegt, wie datenbasierte Vorhersagen die klinische Praxis vor dem Hintergrund von Antibiotikaresistenzen verbessern können. Zu diesem Zweck werden umfassende administrative und medizinische Daten zusammen mit Methoden des maschinellen Lernens und einem ökonomischen Modell verwendet, um Verschreibungsregeln für Antibiotika zu entwickeln. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Gesamtzahl an Verschreibungen durch die vorgeschlagenen Politikmaßnahmen um 7,42 Prozent verringert werden kann, ohne die Anzahl behandelter bakterieller Infektionen zu verringern. Dies demonstriert das große Potential dieser Methode. In Deutschland kann dieses Potential jedoch erst durch weitere Bemühungen bei der Digitalisierung von Informationen verwirklicht werden. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt die Verknüpfung oft dezentral erhobener und gespeicherter Informationen, die für die IT-Systeme von Arztpraxen und Krankenhäusern verfügbar sein müssen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 19, S. 335-341
title: Nils Esbjörnsson Reuterholm
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Nils Esbjörnsson Reuterholm as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Die Antwort auf viele Herausforderungen kann nicht mehr der Nationalstaat geben: Interview
Creators: name: Kriwoluzky, Alexander
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 18, S. 329
title: Globale Verantwortung: Erneuerbare Energien, Klima, Migrationsdruck: Berichte
Creators: name: Kemfert, Claudia
name: Menkhoff, Lukas
name: Neuhoff, Karsten
name: Richstein, Jörn
name: Stöhr, Tobias
name: Zipperer, Vera
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Q13 Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
subject: Q42 Alternative Energy Sources
subject: F18 Trade and Environment
subject: H23 Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
subject: L51 Economics of Regulation
subject: L78 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy
subject: F22 International Migration
subject: F35 Foreign Aid
subject: O15 Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
subject: Energy Transition
subject: 100 % Renewable Energy
subject: Climate policy
subject: Europe
subject: Emissions trading scheme
subject: climate deposit
subject: consumption charge
subject: basic materials sector
subject: Development Aid
subject: migration
subject: EU-Africa relations

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 18, S. 322-328
Real and Virtual Bound States in Lüscher Corrections for CP3 Magnons
Creators: name: Abbott, Michael C.
name: Aniceto, Inês
name: Bombardelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study classical and quantum finite-size corrections to giant magnons in AdS_4 x CP^3 using generalised Lüscher formulae. Lüscher F-terms are organised in powers of the exponential suppression factor exp(-Delta/2h)^m, and we calculate all terms in this series, matching one-loop algebraic curve results from our previous paper arXiv:1006.2174. Starting with the second term, the structure of these terms is different to those in AdS_5 x S^5 thanks to the appearance of heavy modes in the loop, which can here be interpreted as two-particle bound states in the mirror theory. By contrast, physical bound states can represent dyonic giant magnons, and we also calculate F-terms for these solutions. Lüscher mu-terms, suppressed by exp(-Delta/E), instead give at leading order the classical finite-size correction. For an elementary dyonic giant magnon, we recover the correction given by arXiv:0903.3365. We then extend this to calculate the next term in 1/h, giving a one-loop prediction. Finally we also calculate F-terms for the various composite giant magnons, RP^3 and `big', again finding agreement to all orders.
description: 33 pages and 3 figures. v3 adds new section treating F-terms of all orders; version to appear in J. Phys. A
Additional file 3 of SMAD4 haploinsufficiency in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Creators: name: Hofving, Tobias
name: Elias, Erik
name: Rehammar, Anna
name: Inge, Linda
name: Altiparmak, Gülay
name: Persson, Marta
name: Kristiansson, Erik
name: Johansson, Martin E.
name: Nilsson, Ola
name: Arvidsson, Yvonne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Ag-coverage-dependent symmetry of the electronic states of the Pt(111)-Ag-Bi interface: The ARPES view of a structural transition
Creators: name: Frantzeskakis, Emmanouil
name: Pons, Stephane
name: Crepaldi, Alberto
name: Brune, Harald
name: Kern, Klaus
name: Grioni, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy the strain-related structural transition from a pseudomorphic monolayer (ML) to a striped incommensurate phase in an Ag thin film grown on Pt(111). We exploited the surfactant properties of Bi to grow ordered Pt(111)-xMLAg-Bi trilayers with 0 < x < 5 ML, and monitored the dispersion of the Bi-derived interface states to probe the structure of the underlying Ag film. We find that their symmetry changes from threefold to sixfold and back to threefold in the Ag coverage range studied. Together with previous scanning tunneling microscopy and photoelectron diffraction data, these results provide a consistent microscopic description of the coverage-dependent structural transition.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
title: Stabiles und soziales Europa: Fiskalregeln, Stabilisierungsfonds, Insolvenzregeln, Gender Quote, Gender Pension Gaps, Bildung: Berichte
Creators: name: Bremus, Franziska
name: Clemens, Marius
name: Fratzscher, Marcel
name: Hammerschmid, Anna
name: Kliatskova, Tatsiana
name: Kriwoluzky, Alexander
name: Michelsen, Claus
name: Rowold, Carla
name: Weinhardt, Felix
name: Wrohlich, Katharina
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: E61 Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
subject: E62 Fiscal Policy
subject: H62 National Deficit; Surplus
subject: H77 Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
subject: E32 Business Fluctuations; Cycles
subject: E63 Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
subject: E02 Institutions and the Macroeconomy
subject: F21 International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements
subject: G15 International Financial Markets
subject: D22 Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
subject: J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J78 Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
subject: M14 Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
subject: M51 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
subject: J14 Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-labor Market Discrimination
subject: J26 Retirement; Retirement Policies
subject: I21 Analysis of Education
subject: I28 Education: Government Policy
subject: Fiscal rules
subject: public debt
subject: countercyclical policy
subject: Monetary union
subject: stabilization funds
subject: fiscal policy
subject: Capital market integration
subject: legal harmonization
subject: institutional Differences
subject: Board diversity
subject: gender equality
subject: gender quota
subject: Gender Pension Gap
subject: Europe
subject: SHARE
subject: Education
subject: program evaluation

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 18, S. 310-321
title: Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Konvergenz: Handel, Fusionskontrolle, Industrie, Innovationen: Berichte
Creators: name: Duso, Tomaso
name: Gornig, Martin
name: Kritikos, Alexander S.
name: Rieth, Malte
name: Werwatz, Axel
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: F13 Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
subject: G14 Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
subject: L40 Antitrust Issues and Policies: General
subject: K21 Antitrust Law
subject: G34 Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance
subject: L52 Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
subject: R11 Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
subject: O52 Economywide Country Studies: Europe
subject: Trade policy
subject: USA
subject: EU
subject: China
subject: tariffs
subject: stock returns
subject: event study
subject: merger Control
subject: Competition Policy
subject: European Commission
subject: industrial policy
subject: regional growth
subject: Europe
subject: growth sectors
subject: innovation
subject: SME
subject: knowledge-intensive services
subject: regulatory environment
subject: public institutions

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 18, S. 302-309
A research platform for ultrasonic elastograpy based targeted prostate biopsy
Creators: name: Schiro, Arthur Leland
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Prostate cancer has been identified as a ubiquitous threat to the well being of North American men living past their fourth decade. An accurate diagnosis, enabling the selection of an appropriate treatment regime, is a key component to disease management. The current gold standard for diagnosis is the transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy procedure, where predefined templates are used to select tissue sample sites. Unfortunately, this procedure is incapable of producing reliable results; causing multiple repeat biopsies to become common practice and motivating many men, in the face of uncertainty, to choose unnecessarily sever treatment options with undesirable side effects. Elastography has shown great potential in its ability to detect cancerous tissue, and may enable for the current systematic sample site selection biopsy procedure technique to be replaced by a targeted biopsy approach. This transition promises higher cancer yields and improved diagnostic reliability, while at the same time decreasing procedural side effects by reducing the number of required core samples. The objective of this thesis has been to integrate the elastography imaging modality into a standard prostate biopsy system. This system may then act as a research platform for determining the feasibility of an elastography based, targeted prostate biopsy procedure. Realization of this objective required the development of four primary components. First, a tissue excitation mechanism, developed outside of this thesis, was both analyzed for performance capability and augmented in order to improve a design limitation necessitating frequent maintenance. Second, a plastic bracket, enabling an unobtrusive rigid coupling between the excitation mechanism and ultrasound probe, was designed so that excitation forces may be transmitted into the prostate tissue during the standard biopsy procedure. Third, a sensor was designed which is capable of accurately detecting biopsy needle insertion depth by tracking biopsy gun position using an optical absolute position sensor. And fourth, code was developed for enabling an evaluation of system performance by performing elasticity measurements. This code was used to process elastography data, collected from phantom and human subjects, in order to obtain a preliminary system validation.
title: Radiographic appearance of the normal thymus in pediatrics
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Sulafa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Normal variants
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Paediatric
subject: Anatomy
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Be familiar with the different thymus gland appearances in Chest X Ray What to do next if mediastinal mass is suspected Characteristics of normal thymus tissue on...
Crises mondiales, solutions démocratiques – en quelques jours. Utiliser Internet pour autonomiser les citoyens, arriver à un consensus populaire, et garantir des processus décisionnels démocratiques [preprint]
Creators: name: Balli, Fabio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: droits populaires
participation citoyenne
démocratie numérique libre et open-source
intelligence collective
collaboration massive en ligne
production par les pairs basée sur les communs
gouvernance ouverte et technologie civique
science citoyenne et co-création
législation par les mouvements citoyens
constitutionnalisme démocratique

description: Au cours des derniers mois, les gouvernements à travers le monde ont adopté des politiques publiques visant à promouvoir la vaccination et les certificats covid à large échelle. Savoir si ces mesures sont adéquates ou non a été largement débattu. Mais pourquoi de tels débats ont-ils apparu ? À ce jour, des alternatives à une prise de décision centralisée ont été peu discutées. Je présente comment une plateforme web pourrait aider des milliers de citoyens à exprimer leurs besoins (pluralisme), s'accorder sur les priorités partagées (consensus populaire) et mettre en communs leurs ressources pour devenir actrices et acteurs d'un projet collectif, telles les cellules du corps humain se coordonnent en temps réel pour préserver la vie. En me basant sur les communs, sur le mouvement libre et open-source (crowdsourcing), sur de courts événements en ligne (hackathons) et sur une méthode de coordination de grands groupes, j'esquisse comment une telle plateforme pourrait aider les citoyens à construire des solutions solidaires lors d'événements de trois jours. English version
description: Fichier éditable: https://houseofcommons.ch/pub/balli_brief_fr.odt – Ficher commentable : https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lsx7EKTbgpu2DAY-m8UZLp5snQlTXQD9wrv6KcinSmQ/ – Visuels éditables : https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1tEWP54qPZrd-dqYGt3PFj_KsfEEebOhXA3fH2CeKAE0/
Holography and ARPES sum-rules
Creators: name: Gursoy, Umut
name: Plauschinn, Erik
name: Stoof, Henk
name: Vandoren, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study correlation functions of elementary fermions in strongly interacting field theories using the AdS/CFT correspondence. This correspondence generically associates bulk fields to composite operators in field theory. We modify the holographic prescription in order to obtain correlators that correspond to fermonic single-particle excitations by introducing a dynamical fermionic source localized on a UV brane in a holographic background. We work out the conditions when these correlators obey the zeroth frequency sum-rule satisfied by angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy (ARPES) and are thus directly relevant to the AdS/CMT correspondence. To illustrate our techniques, we study field theories at zero chemical potential with an arbitrary dynamical exponent z, i.e., the Lifshitz invariant conformal field theories, including the usual relativistic case z=1.
description: 23 pages, one figure; v2: typos corrected; v3: discussion improved
title: Eine weitere Anhebung der Altersgrenzen ohne flankierende Maßnahmen würde ich sehr kritisch sehen: Interview
Creators: name: Geyer, Johannes
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2019

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 86 (2019), 16/17, S. 284
A No-Go Theorem for Rotating Stars of a Perfect Fluid without Radial Motion in Projectable Hořava--Lifshitz Gravity
Creators: name: Tsukamoto, Naoki
name: Harada, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hořava--Lifshitz gravity has covariance only under the foliation-preserving diffeomorphism. This implies that the quantities on the constant-time hypersurfaces should be regular. In the original theory, the projectability condition, which strongly restricts the lapse function, is proposed. We assume that a star is filled with a perfect fluid with no-radial motion and that it has reflection symmetry about the equatorial plane. As a result, we find a no-go theorem for stationary and axisymmetric star solutions in projectable Hořava--Lifshitz gravity under the physically reasonable assumptions in the matter sector. Since we do not use the gravitational action to prove it, our result also works out in other projectable theories and applies to not only strong gravitational fields, but also weak gravitational ones.
description: 18 pages, no figures, minor correction, title changed, accepted for publication in Galaxies
title: Oversizing strategy of the WEB for intracranial aneurysms
Creators: name: Guenego, Adrien
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Embolisation
subject: Aneurysms

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Aneurysm recanalization concomitant to endo-saccular device (WEB) compaction has been reported. Association of compaction and aneurysm remnant is still discussed in literature. Effect of WEB oversizing on compaction and recanalization rates remains...