cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How North Carolinian Nonprofit Organizations Foster Public Education Equity for Hispanic/Latinx Youth
Creators: name: Armstrong, Elyse
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: My examination will hinge on two key areas in which nonprofit organizations address the educational needs of Hispanic/Latinx youth. First, I outline the ways in which ESL programs throughout North Carolina are improperly funded. Despite federal policies that ensure the right to an equitable primary education for all children, regardless of race, ethnicity, native language, or immigration status, the right to an equitable public education, ESL programs throughout North Carolina do not have adequate funding to serve the increasing number of students who need these services. This results in wide achievement gaps between ESL students and their peers. This environment of educational underfunding sets the stage for nonprofit organizations to supplement inequitable ESL programs by operating a wide spectrum of programs including bilingual preschools, youth reading comprehension summer camps, bilingual tutoring, and achievement-based programs to encourage students to overco

Secondly, I interrogate the limitations of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), which is a federal policy introduced in 2012 that granted noncitizen children who were raised in the United States access to in-state tuition where they reside, protection from deportation while they are studying, and the opportunity to obtain a driver’s license. Since 2017, the Trump Administration has sought to end DACA and the future of this policy is precarious and ESL.
Doppler broadening thermometry based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Creators: name: Cheng, C. -F.
name: Wang, J.
name: Sun, Y. R.
name: Tan, Y.
name: Kang, P.
name: Hu, S. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Doppler broadening thermometry (DBT) instrument is built based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) for precise determination of the Boltzmann constant. Compared with conventional direct absorption methods, the high-sensitivity of CRDS allows to reach a satisfied precision at lower sample pressures, which also reduces the influence due to collisions. By recording the spectrum of C$_2$H$_2$ at 787 nm, we demonstrate a statistical uncertainty of 6 ppm (part per million) in the determined linewidth values by several hours' measurement at a sample pressure of 1.5 Pa. The influence on the spectroscopy-determined temperatures has been investigated, including the "hidden" weak lines overlapped with the selected transition for DBT measurements. The reproducibility has also been examined to be better than 10 ppm, and it indicates that the instrument is feasible for DBT measurement toward a precision at the ppm level.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
SCI Spinal levels Revision task.pdf
Creators: name: Boyd, Heidi
Publisher: name: National Teaching Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420199
subject: Allied health and rehabilitation science not elsewhere classified

description: This is an educational resource that can be used as an in class or use at home game / tool to help with application of knowledge relating to spinal cord injuries. Students can work either alone or in a group to use the resource. The resource is designed to be used as two sided cards, with a construct on one side and a potential answer on the other. Can be used as a question and answer revision tool or as a memory aid. Instructions
Puentes hacia una mejor vida (Bridges to a Better Life): Outcome of a Diabetes Control Peer Support Intervention
Creators: name: Ibarra, L.
name: Parada, H.
name: Elder, J. P.
name: Horton, L.
name: Ayala, G. X.
name: Ji, M.
name: Cherrington, A. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Peer support can promote diabetes control, yet research on feasible and effective peer support models is lacking. This randomized controlled trial tested a volunteer-based model of peer support for diabetes control.
The geometry of polynomial identities
Creators: name: Procesi, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss some geometric invariants of polynomial identities of algebras deduced from Kemer's theory and deduce some quantitative information on codimension and co--length
Risk Factors of Perinatal Depression in Latinx Birthing People Living in Rural Communities
Creators: name: Portes, Alyssa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Perinatal depression (PND) is one of the most common medical complications during pregnancy and postpartum. Birthing people of Latin American descent (Latinx) are disproportionately affected by PND. Whether Latinx birthing people in rural communities are at elevated risk of PND or have unique risk factors that contribute to PND has not been fully assessed. The purpose of this literature review is to 1) summarize the extant evidence of the risk factors for PND in Latinx birthing people living in rural communities; and to 2) develop a conceptual model for PND in this population to guide future research and interventions. A literature search was conducted in February 2022 in PubMed, using the following MeSH terms: “postpartum depression”, “risk factors”, “Latino”, “Latina”, and “Hispanic”. Out of the 456 screened articles, 41 articles were included in the full-text review, of which 8 were included in the final review. Findings from the literature review show that those with a higher risk of PND are unemployed, prefer Spanish as their primary language, have less education, have immigrated to the United States, have stressful family dynamics, and/or have a history of depression. Several limitations arise due to the insufficient amount of literature on PND among Latinx birthing people living in rural communities. Existing studies are further limited by small sample sizes and the absence of Spanish language instruments to assess PND. Further research should focus on conducting studies in this population to create culturally appropriate screening tools and interventions. 
	Keywords: perinatal depression; mental health; Hispanic; risk factors; rural; health disparities
Additional file 1 of Deciphering the impact of genetic variation on human polyadenylation using APARENT2
Creators: name: Linder, Johannes
name: Koplik, Samantha E.
name: Kundaje, Anshul
name: Seelig, Georg
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Information.
Short vs. Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Comprehensive Study of Energetics and Prompt Gamma-Ray Correlations
Creators: name: Shahmoradi, Amir
name: Nemiroff, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a comprehensive study of the luminosity function, energetics, prompt gamma-ray correlations, and classification methodology of short-hard and long-soft GRBs (SGRBs and LGRBs), based on observational data in the largest catalog of GRBs available to this date: BATSE catalog of 2702 GRBs. We find that: 1. The least-biased classification method of GRBs into short and long, solely based on prompt-emission properties, appears to be the ratio of the observed spectral peak energy to the observed duration ($R=E_p/T_{90}$) with the dividing line at $R\simeq50[keV~s^{-1}]$. 2. Once data is carefully corrected for the effects of the detection threshold of gamma-ray instruments, the population distribution of SGRBs and LGRBs can be individually well described as multivariate log-normal distribution in the $4$--dimensional space of the isotropic peak gamma-ray luminosity, total isotropic gamma-ray emission, the intrinsic spectral peak energy, and the intrinsic duration. 3. Relatively large fractions of SGRBs and LGRBs with moderate-to-low spectral peak energies have been missed by BATSE detectors. 4. Relatively strong and highly significant intrinsic hardness--brightness and duration--brightness correlations likely exist in both populations of SGRBs and LGRBs, once data is corrected for selection effects. The strengths of these correlations are very similar in both populations, implying similar mechanisms at work in both GRB classes, leading to the emergence of these prompt gamma-ray correlations.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
The Casimir effect with quantized charged spinor matter in background magnetic field
Creators: name: Sitenko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of a background uniform magnetic field and boundary conditions on the vacuum of a quantized charged spinor matter field confined between two parallel neutral plates; the magnetic field is directed orthogonally to the plates. The admissible set of boundary conditions at the plates is determined by the requirement that the Dirac Hamiltonian operator be self-adjoint. It is shown that, in the case of a sufficiently strong magnetic field and a sufficiently large separation of the plates, the generalized Casimir force is repulsive, being independent of the choice of a boundary condition, as well as of the distance between the plates. The detection of this effect seems to be feasible in the foreseeable future.
description: 33 pages, 1 figure, formulas (98) and (102) corrected. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.6950
Inflammatory profiles in the non-pregnant state predict offspring birth weight at Cebu: Evidence for inter-generational effects of low grade inflammation
Creators: name: Adair, Linda S.
name: Lee, Nanette
name: Kuzawa, Christopher W.
name: Tallman, Paula S.
name: McDade, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Although maternal infection and inflammation during pregnancy can adversely affect offspring birth weight (BW), whether low grade inflammation in the non-pregnant state predicts BW is unknown.
The Correlation between Plastron Thickness, Achieved Slip Length and Surface  Wettability over Various Hydrophobic/Oleophilic Surfaces in Taylor-Couette Flows
Creators: Mohamed, Ahmed
Duan, Xili
Muzychka, Yuri
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Conference abstract. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
Anharmonic Phonon Quasiparticle Theory of Zero-point and Thermal Shifts in Insulators: Heat Capacity, Bulk Modulus, and Thermal Expansion
Creators: name: Allen, Philip B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Quasi-harmonic (QH) approximation uses harmonic vibrational frequencies omega(H,Q,V), computed at volumes V near the volume where the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) energy is minimum. When this is used in the harmonic free energy, QH approximation gives a good zeroth order theory of thermal expansion, and first order theory of bulk modulus. Here, n-th order means smaller than the leading term by n powers of epsilon, where epsilon is the ratio hbar omega(Q)/E(el) or kT/E(el), and E(el) is an electronic energy scale, typically 2 to 10 eV. Experiment often shows evidence for next order corrections. When such corrections are needed, anharmonic interactions must be included. The most accessible measure of anhamonicity is the quasiparticle (QP) energy, omega(Q,V,T), seen experimentally by vibrational spectroscopy. However, this cannot just be inserted into the harmonic free energy F(H). In this paper, a free energy formula is found which corrects the double-counting of anharmonic interactions that is made when F is approximated by F(H,omega(Q,V,T)). The term "QP thermodynamics" is used for this way of treating anharmonicity. It enables (n+1)-order corrections, if QH theory is accurate to order n. This procedure is used to give corrections to specific heat and volume thermal expansion. The QH formulas for isothermal and adiabatic bulk moduli are clarified, and the route to higher order corrections is indicated.
description: 9 pages (includes 3 figures). The first version is totally re-written; subsequent versions have smaller changes. The title has minor changes. The July 2015 version is also significantly rewritten. It has 11 pages (includes 3 figures). It fixes an error in the previous version
Evidence-Based Video Education to Decrease Stress in the ICU
Creators: name: Mays, Kelsey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) can cause severe stress for patients and their loved ones (PLOs). With staffing shortages, nurses are being stretched thin, leaving less time for them to provide PLOs with comprehensive education about what they can expect in the ICU. This orientation to the ICU environment is a frequently repeated, time-consuming process that can be easily neglected when a nurse’s patient care responsibilities take priority. Streamlining PLO orientation through video education could help to reduce the burden on over-extended nurses while, at the same time, better preparing PLOs for the unique environment of an ICU. After a systematic review of the literature, key factors that may decrease PLO stress in the ICU were identified. These factors were then incorporated into an educational video to provide specific information and anticipatory guidance to a patient’s loved ones. The purpose of this project was to create a soothing, informative, relatively short, visually engaging and evidence-based video, and then refine that video through the use of focus groups and a pilot project. Neither the focus group(s) nor the pilot could occur because of COVID-19 restrictions, however, those steps would be necessary to complete before the video could be implemented in the clinical setting.

Keywords: video education, patients, loved ones, stress, ICU, intensive care unit
Core Collapse Supernovae - 35 Years of Spectropolarimetry
Creators: name: Stevance, Heloise
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: I will give a brief of overview of what spectropolarimetry has taught us about core collapse supernovae and stripped envelope supernovae, as well as highlight what I see as being the main challenges/issues that now need to be addressed to take us to the next level.
Experimental retrieval of photon statistics from click detection
Creators: name: Krishnaswamy, Suchitra
name: Schule, Fabian
name: Ares, Laura
name: Dyachuk, Vladyslav
name: Stefszky, Michael
name: Brecht, Benjamin
name: Silberhorn, Christine
name: Sperling, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize click-counting theory for the reconstruction of photon statistics. Our approach employs an analytic pseudo-inversion method to estimate photon counts from measured click counts. A reconfigurable time-bin multiplexing, click-counting detector is set up that renders it possible to alter the photon-number resolution as needed. A detector tomography is carried out, yielding vital measurement features, such as quantum efficiencies, cross-talk rates, etc. We gauge the success of the pseudo-inversion by applying the Mandel and binomial parameters, resulting in an additional interpretation of these parameters for the discrimination of distinct quantum statistics. In addition, we apply a loss deconvolution technique to account for detection losses.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 3 of Deciphering the impact of genetic variation on human polyadenylation using APARENT2
Creators: name: Linder, Johannes
name: Koplik, Samantha E.
name: Kundaje, Anshul
name: Seelig, Georg
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Review history.
Development and usability testing of a Web-based decision aid for families of patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation
Creators: name: Carson, Shannon S
name: White, Douglas B
name: Hough, Catherine L
name: Kahn, Jeremy M
name: Cass, Brian
name: Tobin, Maria
name: Cox, Christopher E
name: Jones, Derek
name: Walton, Brenda
name: Lewis, Carmen L
name: Wysham, Nicholas G
name: Jonsson, Mattias
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundWeb-based decision aids are increasingly important in medical research and clinical care. However, few have been studied in an intensive care unit setting. The objectives of this study were to develop a Web-based decision aid for family members of patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation and to evaluate its usability and acceptability.MethodsUsing an iterative process involving 48 critical illness survivors, family surrogate decision makers, and intensivists, we developed a Web-based decision aid addressing goals of care preferences for surrogate decision makers of patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation that could be either administered by study staff or completed independently by family members (Development Phase). After piloting the decision aid among 13 surrogate decision makers and seven intensivists, we assessed the decision aid’s usability in the Evaluation Phase among a cohort of 30 surrogate decision makers using the Systems Usability Scale (SUS). Acceptability was assessed using measures of satisfaction and preference for electronic Collaborative Decision Support (eCODES) versus the original printed decision aid.ResultsThe final decision aid, termed ‘electronic Collaborative Decision Support’, provides a framework for shared decision making, elicits relevant values and preferences, incorporates clinical data to personalize prognostic estimates generated from the ProVent prediction model, generates a printable document summarizing the user’s interaction with the decision aid, and can digitally archive each user session. Usability was excellent (mean SUS, 80 ± 10) overall, but lower among those 56 years and older (73 ± 7) versus those who were younger (84 ± 9); p = 0.03. A total of 93% of users reported a preference for electronic versus printed versions.ConclusionsThe Web-based decision aid for ICU surrogate decision makers can facilitate highly individualized information sharing with excellent usability and acceptability. Decision aids that employ an electronic format such as eCODES represent a strategy that could enhance patient-clinician collaboration and decision making quality in intensive care.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13613-015-0045-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Pharmacogenomics: Challenges and Opportunities
Creators: name: Roden, Dan M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The outcome of drug therapy is often unpredictable, ranging from beneficial effects to lack of efficacy to serious adverse effects. Variations in single genes are 1 well-recognized cause of such unpredictability, defining the field of pharmacogenetics (see Glossary). Such variations may involve genes controlling drug metabolism, drug transport, disease susceptibility, or drug targets. The sequencing of the human genome and the cataloguing of variants across human genomes are the enabling resources for the nascent field of pharmacogenomics (see Glossary), which tests the idea that genomic variability underlies variability in drug responses. However, there are many challenges that must be overcome to apply rapidly accumulating genomic information to understand variable drug responses, including defining candidate genes and pathways; relating disease genes to drug response genes; precisely defining drug response phenotypes; and addressing analytic, ethical, and technological issues involved in generation and management of large drug response data sets. Overcoming these challenges holds the promise of improving new drug development and ultimately individualizing the selection of appropriate drugs and dosages for individual patients.
Spontaneous Breakdown of Time-Reversal Symmetry Induced by Thermal Fluctuations
Creators: name: Carlstrom, J.
name: Babaev, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In systems with broken $U(1)$ symmetry, such as superfluids, superconductors or magnets, the symmetry restoration is driven by proliferation of topological defects in the form of vortex loops. Here we discuss that in certain systems the proliferation of topological defects can, by contrast, lead to the breakdown of an additional symmetry. As a particular example we demonstrate that this effect should take place in $s+is$ superconductors, which are widely discussed in connection with the Iron-based materials. In these systems a vortex excitation can create a "bubble" of fluctuating $Z_2$ order parameter. Thermal excitation of vortices then leads to breakdown of $Z_2$ time-reversal symmetry when the temperature is increased.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
One-Year Trajectories of Care and Resource Utilization for Recipients of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: A Cohort Study
Creators: name: Unroe, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Growing numbers of critically ill patients receive prolonged mechanical ventilation. Little is known about their patterns of care as they transition from the acute hospital to post-acute care facilities or the associated resource utilization.
Temperature inversion in long-range interacting systems
Creators: name: Teles, Tarcisio N.
name: Gupta, Shamik
name: Di Cintio, Pierfrancesco
name: Casetti, Lapo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temperature inversions occur in nature, e.g., in the solar corona and in interstellar molecular clouds: somewhat counterintuitively, denser parts of the system are colder than dilute ones. We propose a simple and appealing way to spontaneously generate temperature inversions in systems with long-range interactions, by preparing them in inhomogeneous thermal equilibrium states and then applying an impulsive perturbation. In similar situations, short-range systems would typically relax to another thermal equilibrium, with uniform temperature profile. By contrast, in long-range systems, the interplay between wave-particle interaction and spatial inhomogeneity drives the system to nonequilibrium stationary states that generically exhibit temperature inversion. We demonstrate this mechanism in a simple mean-field model and in a two-dimensional self-gravitating system. Our work underlines the crucial role the range of interparticle interaction plays in determining the nature of steady states out of thermal equilibrium.
description: 5 pages + 6 pages of appendix, 5 figures, REVTeX 4-1. To appear in Physical Review E (Rapid Communications). Appendix will be published online-only as Supplemental Material
A Cry for Help: The Need for Standardization of Postpartum Depression Screening with the Help of Pediatric Primary Care Providers
Creators: name: Magin, Audrey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that affects women from all cultural backgrounds. Rates of PPD are precipitated by many different risk factors. Many women are unaware of PPD symptoms and available resources for treatment. Early screening for PPD is imperative for proper treatment. Due to the frequency in which primary care pediatric providers routinely see newborns and their mothers, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that primary care clinicians routinely screen for PPD. Understanding the role that pediatric nurse practitioners have in screening for PPD and referring a mother for treatment was the overall goal of this study. This study implemented a qualitative, semi-structured interview approach for three pediatric nurse practitioners. After analysis of the interview transcripts, four major themes emerged. The themes are (a) impact of social determinants of health, (b) current environment, (c) standard of care, and (d) provider responsibility. Various subthemes were also uncovered from these interviews. Implications for nursing practice, research, and education are also discussed. The results of this study imply the need for practice guidelines providing mental health resources in the inpatient and outpatient settings, further research involving a diverse group of participants, and mental health education for advanced practice nurses.
Additional file 1: of A complex health services intervention to improve medical care in long-term care homes: study protocol of the controlled coordinated medical care (CoCare) study
Creators: name: BrĂźhmann, Boris
name: Reese, Christina
name: Kaier, Klaus
name: Ott, Margrit
name: Maurer, Christoph
name: Kunert, Simone
name: Saurer, Bruno
name: Farin, Erik
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Interview guide focus groupâ   residents. (PDF 78 kb)
Suppression of the superfluid Kelvin-Helmholtz instability due to massive vortex cores, friction and confinement
Creators: name: Caldara, Matteo
name: Richaud, Andrea
name: Capone, Massimo
name: Massignan, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the dynamical instability responsible for the breakdown of regular rows and necklaces of quantized vortices that appear at the interface between two superfluids in relative motion. Making use of a generalized point-vortex model, we identify several mechanisms leading to the suppression of this instability. They include a non-zero mass of the vortex cores, dissipative processes resulting from the interaction between the vortices and the excitations of the superfluid, and the proximity of the vortex array to the sample boundaries. We show that massive vortex cores not only have a mitigating effect on the dynamical instability, but also change the associated scaling law and affect the direction along which it develops. The predictions of our massive and dissipative point-vortex model are eventually compared against recent experimental measurements of the maximum instability growth rate relevant to vortex necklaces in a cold-atom platform.
description: Revised version after peer review, 26 pages, 13 figures
Task-driven intra- and interarea communications in primate cerebral cortex
Creators: name: Campo, Adrià Tauste
name: Martinez-Garcia, Marina
name: Nácher, Verónica
name: Romo, Ranulfo
name: Deco, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neural correlations during a cognitive task are central to study brain information processing and computation. However, they have been poorly analyzed due to the difficulty of recording simultaneous single neurons during task performance. In the present work, we quantified neural directional correlations using spike trains that were simultaneously recorded in sensory, premotor, and motor cortical areas of two monkeys during a somatosensory discrimination task. Upon modeling spike trains as binary time series, we used a nonparametric Bayesian method to estimate pairwise directional correlations between many pairs of neurons throughout different stages of the task, namely, perception, working memory, decision making, and motor report. We find that solving the task involves feedforward and feedback correlation paths linking sensory and motor areas during certain task intervals. Specifically, information is communicated by task-driven neural correlations that are significantly delayed across secondary somatosensory cortex, premotor, and motor areas when decision making takes place. Crucially, when sensory comparison is no longer requested for task performance, a major proportion of directional correlations consistently vanish across all cortical areas.
description: Article and Supplementary Information
A new $F(R)$-gravity model
Creators: name: Kruglov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new model of modified $F(R)$ gravity theory with the function $F(R) = (1/β) \arcsin(βR)$. Constant curvature solutions corresponding to the flat and de Sitter spacetime are obtained. The Jordan and Einstein frames are considered; the potential and the mass of the scalar degree of freedom are found. We show that the flat spacetime is stable and the de Sitter spacetime is unstable. The slow-roll parameters $ε$, $η$, and the $e$-fold number of the model are evaluated in the Einstein frame. The index of the scalar spectrum power-law $n_s$ and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ are calculated. Critical points of autonomous equations for the de Sitter phase and the matter dominated epoch are found and studied. We obtain the approximate solution of equations of motion which is the deviation from the de Sitter phase in the Jordan frame. It is demonstrated that the model passes the matter stability test.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, extended version, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
MOESM5 of Perceptions of the impact of disability and impairment on health, quality of life and capability
Creators: name: Bray, Nathan
name: Edwards, Rhiannon
name: Squires, Luke
name: Morrison, Valerie
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 5: Table S4. Individual item score proportions (%) on the B-IPQ (visual impairment scenario). This table shows perceived individual item scores on the B-IPQ for a hypothetical state of visual impairment.
Additional file 1 of Combined atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer: a meta-analysis on their efficacy and safety
Creators: name: Sharmni Vishnu, K.
name: Win, Thin Thin
name: Aye, Saint Nway
name: Basavaraj, Arun Kumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Excluded studies with reasons. Supplementary Figure S1. Funnel plot showing risk of publication bias.
The variation in molecular gas depletion time among nearby galaxies: II the impact of galaxy internal structures
Creators: name: Huang, Mei-Ling
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a data set of nearby galaxies drawn from the HERACLES, ATLAS3D, and COLD GASS surveys to study variations in molecular gas depletion time (Tdep) in galaxy structures such as bulges, grand-design spiral arms, bars and rings. Molecular gas is traced by CO line emission and star formation rate (SFR) is derived using the combination of far-ultraviolet and mid-infrared (MIR) data. The contribution of old stars to MIR emission for the ATLAS3D sample is corrected using 2MASS K-band images. We apply a two-dimensional image decomposition algorithm to decompose galaxies into bulges and discs. Spiral arms, bars and rings are identified in the residual maps, and molecular gas depletion times are derived on a square grid of 1 kpc^2 size. In previous work, we showed that Tdep correlates strongly with specific star formation rate (sSFR). We now find that at a given sSFR, the bulge has shorter Tdep than the disc. The shift to shorter depletion times is most pronounced in the inner bulge (R < 0.1Re). Grids from galaxies with bars and rings are similar to those from galactic bulges in that they have reduced Tdep at a given sSFR. In contrast, the Tdep versus sSFR relation in the discs of galaxies with spiral arms is displaced to longer Tdep at fixed sSFR. We then show that the differences in the Tdep-sSFR relation for bulges, discs, arms, bars and rings can be linked to variations in "stellar", rather than gas surface density between different structures. Our best current predictor for Tdep, both globally and for 1 kpc grids, is given by Tdep= -0.36log(Sigma_SFR)-0.5log(Sigma_*)+5.87.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, revised to version accepted in MNRAS
Implementation of Early Mobility Protocols in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU): Factors, Enablers, Barriers, and Outcomes
Creators: name: Moss, Natalie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Objective: Early mobilization (EM) initiatives in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) aims to mitigate patient morbidities and improve patient outcomes; however, numerous factors, enablers, and barriers may prevent accurate assessment of EM outcome measures. Identification of influential components of effective EM implementation can improve adoption of EM protocol and promote productive future research of EM in the PICU.
Study design: Studies were identified using CINAHL and PubMed to examine the factors, enablers, and barriers to PICU EM implementation and current patient EM outcomes. Eighty-four studies were screened, with 13 studies included in this review of literature. Thematic analysis, with subsequential indexing of themes into categories and subcategories, highlights areas to address in EM implementation, future recommendations, and gaps in research.
Results: Identification of 8 thematic categories and 27 subcategories of EM provide key influencing factors, enablers, and barriers to EM implementation, including: unit culture, staff education, patient heterogeneity, interprofessional team, clear guidelines, family involvement, staff concerns, communication issues, resource barriers, and patient condition and willingness to participate. Current patient outcome data is limited, however initial data suggest EM may impact patient length-of-stay. Based on the results of this study, a retrospective survey was developed to evaluate the implementation process related to factors, enablers, and barriers.
Conclusions: The results of this study can provide a framework to promote effective EM implementation for pediatric patients in PICU. Consistent and effective application of EM guidelines can allow for improved quality and assessment of EM PICU in future research to promote improved patient outcomes and reduce patient morbidities.
Supplementary Material.docx
Creators: name: Niu, Puchun
name: Kreuzer, Michael
name: Liesegang, Annette
name: kunz, Carmen
name: Schwarm, Angela
name: Giller, Katrin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300303
subject: Animal nutrition

description: The supplementary material provides supplementary information for the article published in Journal of Dairy Sscience, entitled "Effects of graded levels of dietary pomegranate peel on methane and nitrogen losses, and metabolic and health indicators in dairy cows".
Cumulative Probability of False-Positive Recall or Biopsy Recommendation After 10 Years of Screening Mammography: A Cohort Study
Creators: name: Flowers, Chris I.
name: Yankaskas, Bonnie C.
name: Miglioretti, Diana L.
name: Zhu, Weiwei
name: Hubbard, Rebecca A.
name: Kerlikowske, Karla
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: False-positive mammography results are common. Biennial screening may decrease the cumulative probability of false-positive results across many years of repeat screening but could also delay cancer diagnosis.
Calabi-Yau manifolds from noncommutative Hermitian U(1) instantons
Creators: name: Yang, Hyun Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that Calabi-Yau manifolds are emergent from the commutative limit of six-dimensional noncommutative Hermitian U(1) instantons. Therefore we argue that the noncommutative Hermitian U(1) instantons correspond to quantized Calabi-Yau manifolds.
description: 23 pages; Appendix added to demystify the emergent gravity picture, published version in Phys. Rev. D
Impact of Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis on Morbidity and Mortality in Older Americans
Creators: name: Paltiel, A. David
name: Holt, Holly L.
name: Katz, Jeffrey N.
name: Losina, Elena
name: Gerlovin, Hanna
name: Suter, Lisa G.
name: Hunter, David J.
name: Weinstein, Alexander M.
name: Jordan, Joanne M.
name: Solomon, Daniel H.
name: Walensky, Rochelle P.
name: Reichmann, William M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Obesity and knee osteoarthritis are among the most frequent chronic conditions affecting Americans aged 50 to 84 years.
Raman vibrational spectra of bulk to monolayer ReS2 with lower symmetry
Creators: name: Feng, Yanqing
name: Zhou, Wei
name: Wang, Yaojia
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Liu, Erfu
name: Fu, Yajun
name: Ni, Zhenhua
name: Wu, Xinglong
name: Yuan, Hongtao
name: Miao, Feng
name: Wang, Baigeng
name: Wan, Xiangang
name: Xing, Dingyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice structure and symmetry of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials are of key importance to their fundamental mechanical, thermal, electronic and optical properties. Raman spectroscopy, as a convenient and nondestructive tool, however has its limitations on identifying all symmetry allowing Raman modes and determining the corresponding crystal structure of 2D layered materials with high symmetry like graphene and MoS2. Due to lower structural symmetry and extraordinary weak interlayer coupling of ReS2, we successfully identified all 18 first-order Raman active modes for bulk and monolayer ReS2. Without van der Waals (vdW) correction, our local density approximation (LDA) calculations successfully reproduce all the Raman modes. Our calculations also suggest no surface reconstruction effect and the absence of low frequency rigid-layer Raman modes below 100 cm-1. Combining with Raman and LDA thus provides a general approach for studying the vibrational and structural properties of 2D layered materials with lower symmetry.
description: accepted by Physical Review B; 23 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables
Atom Number Fluctuations in Bose Gases -- Statistical analysis of parameter estimation
Creators: name: Vibel, Toke
name: Christensen, Mikkel Berg
name: Andersen, Rasmus Malthe Fiil
name: Stokholm, Laurits Nikolaj
name: Pawłowski, Krzysztof
name: Rzążewski, Kazimierz
name: Kristensen, Mick Althoff
name: Arlt, Jan Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The investigation of the fluctuations in interacting quantum systems at finite temperatures showcases the ongoing challenges in understanding complex quantum systems. Recently, atom number fluctuations in weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates were observed, motivating an investigation of the thermal component of partially condensed Bose gases. Here, we present a combined analysis of both components, revealing the presence of fluctuations in the thermal component. This analysis includes a comprehensive statistical evaluation of uncertainties in the preparation and parameter estimation of partially condensed Bose gases. Using Monte Carlo simulations of optical density profiles, we estimate the noise contributions to the atom number and temperature estimation of the condensed and thermal cloud, which is generally applicable in the field of ultracold atoms. Furthermore, we investigate the specific noise contributions in the analysis of atom number fluctuations and show that preparation noise in the total atom number leads to an important technical noise contribution. Subtracting all known noise contributions from the variance of the atom number in the BEC and thermal component allows us to improve the estimate of the fundamental peak fluctuations.
Transitions in Care: Trajectories of People with Dementia and Their Caregivers
Creators: name: Ulmer, Cameron
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: 
	The transitions that people with dementia experience when moving from acute care to skilled nursing facility to home are complex and little is understood about them. In this secondary data analysis, the characteristics of 36 people with dementia going through these transitions and their caregivers were delineated and their trajectories of care after their transition back to the community were analyzed. The stories of five of these people with dementia that were readmitted to the hospital after discharge from a skilled nursing facility were illustrated. Four of the five readmitted people with dementia were readmitted for potentially preventable reasons, suggesting that more medical follow-up after skilled nursing facility discharge may prevent these readmissions to the hospital. The information revealed by this study can be used by nurses and providers to help better prepare people with dementia and their caregivers for these complex transitions to improve outcomes and help them navigate an already complicated disease process riddled with unforeseen stressors.
Critical Point Scaling of Ising Spin Glasses in a Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Yeo, Joonhyun
name: Moore, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Critical point scaling in a field $H$ applies for the limits $t\to 0$, (where $t=T/T_c-1$) and $H\to 0$ but with the ratio $R=t/H^{2/Δ}$ finite. $Δ$ is a critical exponent of the zero-field transition. We study the replicon correlation length $ξ$ and from it the crossover scaling function $f(R)$ defined via $1/(ξH^{4/(d+2-η)}) \sim f(R)$. We have calculated analytically $f(R)$ for the mean-field limit of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. In dimension d=3 we have determined the exponents and the critical scaling function $f(R)$ within two versions of the Migdal-Kadanoff (MK) renormalization group procedure. One of the MK versions gives results for $f(R)$ in d=3 in reasonable agreement with those of the Monte Carlo simulations at the values of R for which they can be compared. If there were a de Almeida-Thouless (AT) line for $d \le 6$ it would appear as a zero of the function $f(R)$ at some negative value of R, but there is no evidence for such behavior. This is consistent with the arguments that there should be no AT line for $d \le 6$, which we review.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Differences in Stress, Mental Health, and Service Utilization among University Students in the Health Sciences and non-Health Sciences
Creators: name: Odum, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: With increasing rates of stress and anxiety in college students, more needs to be done to address these concerns. COVID-19 created disruptions in providing mental health support and highlighted deficiencies in the current provision of services on college campuses. To improve mental health and adjunct support service provision, it is important for colleges to understand mental health concerns and differences between student populations so targeted support can be implemented.
Purpose: This study examined mental health needs at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among a cohort of college students and differences between health science and non-health science students.  
Methods: The current research is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from students at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the Fall 2020.
Results: Health science students had significantly lower levels of anxiety, depression, and a better quality of life than non-health science students; however, these outcomes were worse, overall, when compared with prior literature. Students overwhelmingly indicated that their mental health was the biggest concern they faced during the pandemic. They also reported that having a pass/fail grading system was highly important to reducing stress.
Conclusion: Student mental health concerns are multifaceted and can significantly differ between populations. Colleges and universities should continually assess student mental health, with targeted questioning for different populations. System-wide changes, including transitioning to pass/fail evaluation has the potential to positively impact student mental health and should be considered one option to explore with the use of quality improvement measures.
Additional file 1 of Constructing and validating an Occupational Mechanical Job Exposure Index based on five Norwegian nationwide Surveys of Living Conditions on work environment
Creators: name: Hermansen, Åsmund
name: Dahl, Espen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix Table 1. Logistic regression using survey data only and individual reported lower-back pain and long-term sick leave as dependent variables. Results when not adjusting (model 1) and adjusting for level of education and age (model 2). Appendix table 2. Logistic regression using disability 2008-2017 as dependent variable. Results when not adjusting (model 1) and adjusting for level of education and age (model 1). Register data.