Colletes fasciatus Smith 1853
Creators: name: Zabel, Tina
name: Kuhlmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Colletidae
Colletes
Colletes fasciatus

description: Key for the identification of species of the Colletes fasciatus species group
The males of C. ascopalis sp. nov., C. cardiurus, C. cedarbergensis sp. nov., C. eardleyi, C. khoisanorum sp. nov., C. latefasciatus, C. littoralis sp. nov., C. obscurus, C. peerboomi sp. nov., C. richtersveldensis sp. nov., C. stellatus, C. troetroeensis sp. nov. and C. watmoughi are unknown.
The females of C. denudatus, C. fuscitergus sp. nov., C. knersvlaktei, C. longitarsus sp. nov., C. nieuwoudtvillei, C. schultzei and C. spinipes sp. nov. are unknown.
1. Females: antennal flagellum 10-segmented; metasoma with six visible terga ................................. 2
– Males: antennal flagellum 11-segmented; metasoma with seven visible terga .............................. 31
2. Hind femur and tibia with reduced scopa (Figs 6F, 8F, 16F, 19F, 30F, 34F, 42F, 48F, 56F, 57F) .... 3
– Hind femur and tibia with well-developed scopa (Figs 4F, 9F, 11F, 12F, 15F, 20F, 22F, 26F, 28F, 32F, 37F, 39F, 41F, 44F, 49, 50F, 51F, 59F, 60F, 61F) ............................................................................ 12
3. Hind femur largely or entirely orange-brown to red (Figs 6A, 8A, 19A, 30A, 56A) ....................... 4
– Hind femur black to dark brown (Figs 4A, 28A, 48A, 50A) ............................................................ 9
4. Fore and mid tibiae largely or completely blackish or brownish, sometimes to about half reddish (Figs 30A, 56A) ................................................................................................................................ 5
– Fore and mid tibiae completely orange brown to red, sometimes blackish or brownish basally and/ or apically (Figs 6A, 8A, 19A, 57A) ................................................................................................ 6
5. T1 with interspaces smooth and shiny (Fig. 56D); apical tergal depressions narrowly translucent and discs completely black (Fig. 56D–E); T6 broadly rounded apically ..... C. stellatus Cockerell, 1945
– T1 with interspaces finely shagreened and dull (Fig. 30D); apical tergal depressions broadly translucent and discs of T1–T3 posteriorly with narrow red margin (Fig. 30D–E); T6 narrowly rounded apically ............................................................................. C. infracognitus Cockerell, 1937
6. Maximum width of facial fovea about diameter of antennal flagellum; malar area long, ¾ width of base of mandible .................................................................................... C. eardleyi Kuhlmann, 2007
– Maximum width of facial fovea about 1.5–3 × as long as diameter of antennal flagellum; malar area narrow, about ⅓ width of base of mandible ...................................................................................... 7
7. Hairs on disc of scutum long (Fig. 57A), about 2 × as long as diameter of antennal flagellum; hairs of scutellum not plumose (Fig. 57C) ....................................................... C. testaceipes Friese, 1909
– Hairs on disc of scutum short (Figs 6A, 8A), about as long as diameter of flagellum; hairs on scutellum medially plumose (Figs 6C, 8C) ...................................................................................... 8
8. Apical hair bands of T2–T5 narrow, medially covering only about posterior half of depression (Fig. 6D–E); upper sloping part of propodeal triangle scabriculous .. C. albohirtus Cockerell, 1946
– Apical hair bands of T2–T5 broad, medially nearly completely covering depression (Fig. 8D–E); upper sloping part of propodeal triangle with short longitudinal carinae .......... C. ascopalis sp. nov.
9. Hind tibia with dense short hairs dorsally (Fig. 42F); apical tergal depression broadly translucent yellowish to reddish (Fig. 42D–E) ...................................................... C. laticaudus Cockerell, 1945
– Hind tibia without dense short hairs dorsally (Figs 16F, 34F, 48F); apical tergal depression narrowly translucent reddish to brownish (Figs 16D–E, 34D–E, 48D–E) .................................................... 10
10. Metanotum medially with relative thin, longer hairs; malar area long, about width of mandibular base ................................................................................................... C. karooensis Kuhlmann, 2007
– Metanotum medially with thick and short, erect hairs (Kuhlmann 2007: fig. 5); malar area narrow, ½ width of mandibular base .................................................................................................................11
11. Propodeal triangle entirely covered with coarse transverse carinae; disc of scutum without or with very scattered (2–4 pd), medium-sized punctation (Fig. 48C); T2 without basal tomentum (Fig. 48D– E) ................................................................................................................. C. obscurus Friese, 1925
– Propodeal triangle dorsally with few, very weak transverse carinae; disc of scutum with relative dense (0.5 1 pd), fine punctation (Fig. 16C); T2 with weak and very narrow basal tomentum medially (Fig. 16D–E) .................................................................................. C. cyanonitidus Kuhlmann, 2007
12. Apical hair band of T2 broad, about ⅔ or as broad as disc (Figs 9D–E, 22D–E, 41D–E, 44D–E, 51D–E, 61D–E) .............................................................................................................................. 13
– Apical hair band of T2 narrower, about ¼ to ½ width of disc (Figs 4D–E, 26D–E, 28D–E, 37D–E, 59D–E, 60D–E) .............................................................................................................................. 18
13. Malar area short, ½ as long as width of base of mandible .............................................................. 14
– Malar area long, ¾ or about as width of base of mandible ............................................................. 16
14. Apical hair bands of terga whitish, width of apical hair band of T2 about ⅔ width of disc (Fig. 61D– E) .................................................................................................... C. zygophyllum Kuhlmann, 2007
– Apical hair bands of terga yellowish brown or brownish orange, width of apical hair band of T2 as broad as disc (Figs 22D–E, 41D–E) ............................................................................................... 15
15. Apical hair bands of terga brownish orange (Fig. 22D–E), that on T3 broader, maximum width about 1.75 × as wide as the disc (Fig. 22E) .......................................................... C. fasciatus Smith, 1853
– Apical hair bands of terga yellowish brown (Fig. 41D–E), that on T3 narrower, maximum width about 1.2 × as wide as the disc (Fig. 41E) ............................................ C. latefasciatus Friese, 1925
16. Facial fovea broad, about 1–1.2 × as broad as diameter of antennal flagellum ... C. littoralis sp. nov.
– Facial fovea narrow, about ⅔ as broad as diameter of antennal flagellum ..................................... 17
17. Apical tergal depressions distinctly translucent and discs posteriorly with narrow red margin (Fig. 9D E); apical hair bands orange (Fig. 9D–E) ....................................... C. aureocinctus Cockerell, 1945
– Apical tergal depressions weakly translucent, discs completely black (Fig. 51D–E); apical hair bands whitish (Fig. 51D–E) ............................................................................................ C. ruschia sp. nov.
18. Malar area narrow, maximum ⅓ width of base of mandible .......................................................... 19
– Malar area longer, ¾, about or longer as width of base of mandible .............................................. 26
19. Facial fovea narrow, about ⅔ width as diameter of antennal flagellum ......................................... 20
– Facial fovea about as broad or broader than diameter of antennal flagellum ................................. 22
20. Scutellum without black hairs intermixed (Fig. 4C) .......................... C. abnormis Kuhlmann, 2007
– Scutellum with black hairs intermixed (Figs 15C, 49C) ................................................................ 21
21. T6 broadly rounded apically (Fig. 15E); disc of T1 medio-anteriorly with numerous short hairs interspersed (Fig. 15D–E); apical hair band of T2 about ½ width of disc (Fig. 15D–E) ................... ................................................................................................................... C. cedarbergensis sp. nov.
– T6 narrowly rounded apically (Fig. 49E); disc of T1 medio-anteriorly without numerous short hairs (Fig. 49D–E); apical hair band of T2 about ¼ width of disc (Fig. 49D–E) ..... C. peerboomi sp. nov.
22. Some hairs on face, scutum and scutellum with brown tips; discs of T1–2 with posterior reddish margins (Fig. 39D–E) ............................................................................... C. kogelbergensis sp. nov.
– Hairs on face, scutum and scutellum without brown tips; discs of T1–2 without posterior reddish margins (Figs 12D–E, 20D–E, 28D–E, 32D–E) ............................................................................. 23
23. T6 broadly rounded apically (Fig. 32E); disc of T1 medio-anteriorly with numerous conspicuously short hairs interspersed (Fig. 32D–E); T2 with basal tomentum (Fig. 32D–E) .................................. .............................................................................................................. C. inornatus Cockerell, 1945
– T6 narrowly rounded apically (Figs 12E, 20E); disc of T1 medio-anteriorly without numerous conspicuously short hairs interspersed (Figs 12D–E, 20D–E, 28D–E); T2 without or with very weak, narrow basal tomentum (Figs 12D–E, 20D–E, 28D–E .................................................................. 24
24. Apical hair band of T2 about ¼ width of disc (Fig. 12D–E) ............................. C. carolinae sp. nov.
– Apical hair band of T2 about ½ width of disc (Figs 20D–E, 28D–E) ............................................ 25
25. Sternal discs 3–4 sparsely covered with long hairs; apical tergal hair bands yellowish white (Fig. 28D–E) ............................................................................................... C. gessi Kuhlmann, 2007
– Sternal discs 3–4 covered with short hairs; apical tergal hair bands whitish (Fig. 20D–E) ............... ................................................................................................................................ C. fabiani sp. nov.
26. Facial fovea up to ¾ width of diameter of antennal flagellum ....................................................... 27
– Facial fovea as wide or wider than diameter of antennal flagellum ............................................... 29
27. Pilosity on metanotum intermixed with dark brown hairs; apical hair band of T2 about ½ width of disc (Fig. 59D–E) ......................................................................................... C. troetroeensis sp. nov.
– Pilosity on metanotum without dark brown hairs intermixed; apical hair band of T2 about ¼ width of disc (Figs 26D–E, 37D–E) ......................................................................................................... 28
28. Upper sloping part of propodeal triangle scabriculous, vertical part shagreened and slightly dull; malar area elongate, length about 1.5 × width of mandibular base; disc of scutum with relatively dense punctation (0.5–1 pd) (Fig. 26C) … ..................................................... C. genalis Friese, 1909
– Upper sloping part of propodeal triangle with short longitudinal carinae, vertical part glabrous; malar area relatively, length about width of mandibular base; disc of scutum with scattered punctation (2–4 pd) (Fig. 37C) ..................................................................................... C. khoisanorum sp. nov.
29. Apical hair band of T2 about ½ width of disc (Fig. 50D–E); T2 with basal tomentum (Fig. 50D–E); malar area about ¾ width of base of mandible ...................................... C. richtersveldensis sp. nov.
– Apical hair band of T2 about ¼ width of disc (Figs 11D–E, 60D–E); T2 without basal tomentum (Figs 11D–E, 60D–E); malar area about as long or longer than base of mandible ........................ 30
30. Apical hair bands of terga narrow (Fig. 11D–E), on T2 medially about as half as wide as width of hind basitarsus; scutellum and metanotum with short pubescence, hair as long as the antennal flagellum wide; scutellum intermixed with blackish hairs, metanotum without blackish hairs intermixed ............................................................................................ C. cardiurus Cockerell, 1945
– Apical hair bands of terga broad (Fig. 60D–E), on T2 medially about as broad as width of hind basitarsus; scutellum and metanotum with long pubescence, hair twice as long as antennal flagellum wide; scutellum and metanotum intermixed with blackish hairs ..... C. watmoughi Kuhlmann, 2007
31. Hind basitarsus not modified, parallel-sided (Figs 5F, 25F, 27F, 35F, 46F, 58F) ........................... 32
– Hind basitarsus modified (curved, broadened, crested) (Figs 13F, 17F, 29F, 33F, 38F, 55F) … 37
32. Second hind tarsomere very elongate and slender, 3 × as long as broad (Fig. 46F); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 46G–H ........................................................................................... C. longitarsus sp. nov.
– Second hind tarsomere shorter and wide, at most 1.5 × as long as broad or broader (Figs 5F, 27F, 58F) ................................................................................................................................................. 33
33. T1–T3 with very narrow red posterior margin (Fig. 58D–E); width of facial fovea about antennal diameter; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 58G–H ...................................... C. testaceipes Friese, 1909
– T1–T3 without red margin (Figs 5D–E, 25D–E, 27D–E, 35D–E); width of facial fovea narrower than antennal diameter .................................................................................................................... 34
34. Malar area narrow, length about ½ width of mandibular base; width of facial fovea about ¾ antennal diameter; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 5G–H ................................... C. abnormis Kuhlmann, 2007
– Malar area long, length about ¾ to 1.5 × width of mandibular base; facial fovea very narrow, width about ½ antennal diameter .............................................................................................................. 35
35. Inner eye margins with black hairs intermixed (Fig. 27A–B); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 27– H .................................................................................................................... C. genalis Friese, 1909
– Inner eye margins without black hairs (Figs 25A–B; 35A–B) ...................................................... 36
36. Few brown hairs on vertex; length of malar area about ¾ of width of base of mandible; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 35G–H ........................................................... C. karooensis Kuhlmann, 2007
– Without brown hairs on vertex; length of malar area about 1.2–1.5 × of width of base of mandible; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 25G–H ............................................................. C. fuscitergus sp. nov.
37. Mid femora broadest near base, forming a near right-angled edge ventrally ................................. 38
– Mid femora broadest ± medially, ventrally rounded at base ........................................................... 43
38. Mid femora with a long spine ventrally on basal end; second hind tarsus heart-shaped, as broad as long (Figs 21F, 55F) ........................................................................................................................ 39
– Mid femora without a spine on basal end; second hind tarsus not heart-shaped, longer than broad (Figs 13F, 29F, 47F) ........................................................................................................................ 40
39. Tarsi reddish-brown (Fig. 55A, F); S7 and gonostylus see in Figs 55G, 55H ..... C. spinipes sp. nov.
– Tarsi brown (Fig. 21A, F); S7 and gonostylus see in Figs 21G, 21H .................... C. fabiani sp. nov.
40. S7 longer than broad (Fig. 47G), gonosylus see in Fig. 47H ... C. nieuwoudtvillei Kuhlmann, 2007
– S7 broader than long (Figs 13G, 29G, 62G) ................................................................................... 41
41. Length of malar area about ⅓ width of mandibular base; width of facial fovea about ½ antennal diameter; lobes of S7 laterally broadly rounded, somewhat blunter and apically broader (Fig. 29G) than in C. carolinae sp. nov. and C. zygophyllum; gonostylus see in Fig. 29H ................................. ..................................................................................................................... C. gessi Kuhlmann, 2007
– Length of malar area about ½ width of mandibular base; width of facial fovea about antennal diameter; lobes of S7 laterally narrowly rounded, slightly more pointed and apically narrower (Figs 13G, 62G) .............................................................................................................................. 42
42. Gonostylus as in Fig. 13H, broader than that of C. zygophyllum; S7 see in Fig. 13G; hind basitarsus not curved (Fig. 13F) ......................................................................................... C. carolinae sp. nov.
– Gonostylus as in Fig. 62H, thinner than that of C. carolinae sp. nov.; S7 see in Fig. 62G; hind basitarsus slightly curved (Fig. 62F) ............................................. C. zygophyllum Kuhlmann, 2007
43. Hind tarsal segment 2 elongate and slender, more than 3 × as long as broad (Fig. 17F); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 17G–H ........................................................ C. cyanonitidus Kuhlmann, 2007
– Hind tarsal segment 2 shorter and wide, at most 1.5 × as long as broad (Figs 18F, 23F, 40F) ...... 44
44. Gonostylus bifurcate (Figs 18H, 31H, 38H) ................................................................................... 45
– Gonostylus simple (Figs 7H, 10H, 23H, 33H, 40H, 43H, 52H, 54H) ............................................ 47
45. Gonostylus with 4 spikes as in Fig. 38H ........................................ C. knersvlaktei Kuhlmann, 2007
– Gonostylus with 2 spikes (Figs 18H, 31H) ..................................................................................... 46
46. Gonostylus longer (Fig. 18H) and S7 long (Fig. 18G) ....................... C. denudatus Cockerell, 1945
– Gonostylus shorter (Fig. 31H) and S7 short (Fig. 31G) ................ C. infracognitus Cockerell, 1937
47. S6 with large lateral teeth directed backwards ............................................................................... 48
– S6 without teeth .............................................................................................................................. 49
48. Hind basitarsus with a rounded edge dorso-apically (Fig. 23F); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 23G– H ................................................................................................................. C. fasciatus Smith, 1853
– Hind basitarsus with an angular edge dorso-apically (Fig. 54F); S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 54G–54H ............................................................................................. C. schultzei Friese, 1909
49. Tarsi completely and tibiae basally and apically yellowish brown (Fig. 40A); some hairs of face and scutum with brown tips; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 40G–H ............... C. kogelbergensis sp. nov.
– Tarsi brownish or reddish brown, tibiae black (Figs 7A, 10A, 33A, 43A, 52A); hair of face and scutum without brown tips .............................................................................................................. 50
50. Gonostylus very broad and rounded (Fig. 33H); lobes of S7 laterally strongly emarginate, apically with two emarginations (Fig. 33G) ...................................................... C. inornatus Cockerell, 1946
– Gonostylus narrow (Figs 7H, 10H, 43H, 52H); lobes of S7 only with a single slight emargination apically or not emarginate (Figs 7G, 10G, 43G, 52G) ................................................................... 51
51. Tip of gonostylus truncate (Figs 43H, 52H) ................................................................................... 52
– Tip of gonostylus slightly concave (Figs 7H, 10H) ........................................................................ 53
52. S7 broader than long, apically without emargination (Fig. 43G); gonostylus as in Fig. 43H; facial fovea broad, width about 1.5 × antennal diameter; hind basitarsus not curved (Fig. 43F) ................ ............................................................................................................. C. laticaudus Cockerell, 1946
– S7 longer than broad, apically with slight emargination (Fig. 52G); gonostylus as in Fig. 52H; facial fovea narrow, width about ½ antennal diameter; hind basitarsus slightly curved (Fig. 52F) ............. ............................................................................................................................... C. ruschia sp. nov.
53. Malar area narrow, length about ½ width of mandibular base; facial fovea narrow, width about antennal diameter; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 7G–H .................... C. albohirtus Cockerell, 1946
– Malar area long, about as long as width of mandibular base; facial fovea very narrow, width about ½ antennal diameter; S7 and gonostylus see in Fig. 10G–H .......... C. aureocinctus Cockerell, 1945
description: Published as part of Zabel, Tina & Kuhlmann, Michael, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the southern African Colletes fasciatus species group (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), pp. 1-96 in European Journal of Taxonomy 899 on pages 87-93, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.899.2297, http://zenodo.org/record/8413282