cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An exact solution to the Dirac equation for a time dependent Hamiltonian in 1-1D space-time
Creators: name: Solomon, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find an exact solution to the Dirac equation in 1-1 dimensional space-time in the presence of a time-dependent potential which consists of a combination of electric, scalar, and pseudoscalar terms.
description: Five pages
Can Stephen Colbert Bring Back Stephen Colbert? Alternate, Fictional Personas in Copyright
Creators: name: Shaffy, Kourosh
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2018

description: This Note argues that Stephen Colbert should have the right to use his former Comedy Central persona on his new CBS show. Creator-performers of characters that are fictionalized versions of their own, real personas should not lose their rights to these characters because of copyright law. Traditional concerns associated with a need for copyright (for example, the danger of unapproved copying) are not present where the author’s presence is essential to performance of the character, as is certainly the case here. Nobody can play the fictional Stephen Colbert character but the real Colbert. An artist like Colbert must be free to use his character.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 41 No. 2 (2018)
Scaphiopus undetermined
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Scaphiopodidae
Scaphiopus
Scaphiopus undetermined

description: * Scaphiopus sp.
S. Bernardino (Calif.) v. H. Miescher. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 674, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Dr. Strange Geo-Blocking Love Or
Creators: name: Zareh, Batia M.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2018

description: The E.U. Antitrust Case that opened on July 23, 2015 against Sky U.K. and six American studios—Disney, Fox, NBCUniversal, Paramount Pictures, Sony and Warner Brothers—has its structural roots in the Television Without Frontiers Directive, which was vigorously debated as a last-minute standoff that threatened to derail the conclusion of the GATT Uruguay Round of trade negotiations and is still considered to be the cornerstone of the European Union’s audiovisual policy. This Article examines the unique history of a Cultural Exception with respect to audiovisual works as applied in trade negotiations to Hollywood film and television productions, and argues that, rather than violating E.U. regulations, the decades-old practice of regional contractual restrictions and geo-blocking is both consistent with and a direct result of the E.U.’s protectionist and paternalistic efforts to shield its individual member states’ local production entities from competition and its populations from a perceived and decidedly unwelcomed Svengali-like juggernaut of American cultural influence. The E.U. antitrust action is therefore in direct contravention to the spirit of the trade laws over which Hollywood studios were so stridently subjected to debating and is inconsistent with stated E.U. audiovisual norms. Abolishing regional access limitations will put the future of the E.U.’s various local distributors at risk, for the existing patchwork of distribution related rules impacting foreign property directly impacts American producers’ decisions regarding whether and how to continue to do business in the region. Thus, any attempt to implement the E.C.’s aspirational Digital Single Market 2020 target terms must be reconciled in light of the current political climate in Europe and global technological capabilities if the E.U. is to remain a relevant market at the forefront of the modern entertainment industry and continue to benefit from the uniquely privileged relationship it has enjoyed for nearly a century with its many Hollywood studio production partners.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 41 No. 2 (2018)
Critical incidents in student return to school following concussion
Creators: name: King, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of high school students’ experiences of returning to school after sustaining a concussion, and the barriers and facilitators that influenced a successful return. Utilization of the qualitative, Enhanced Critical Incident Technique (ECIT) methodology allowed for an exploratory, in-depth investigation of the topic. Through 6 individual, semi-structured interviews, male high school students injured through sport described the factors that helped them and hindered them when returning to school after concussion (i.e., critical incidents). Additionally, students identified supports they wished were available to assist them in their return to school (i.e., wish list items). From the interview transcripts, helpful and hindering Critical Incidents (CIs), and wish list (WL) items were generated. Through an iterative data analysis process, critical incidents were organized into eight emergent categories: Staff Knowledge, Understanding and Attitude to Concussion, Quality and Responsiveness of Planning, Impact of Academic Context, Impact of Environmental Context, In/Exclusion from Important Activities, Social Support, Change in Capacity, and Negative Psychological Impact. Interestingly, many categories encompassed critical incidents pertaining to both helping and hindering experiences and those categories that included both helping and hindering factors were also those endorsed as WL items. The findings are reflective of heterogeneity of student experiences and Return-To-Learn (RTL) practices in British Columbia (BC) but highlight avenues to improve student experiences of returning to school after a concussion. Finally, practical implications, study contributions, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
I Spy: Addressing the Privacy Implications of Live Streaming Technology and the Current Inadequacies of the Law
Creators: name: Jackson, Kendall
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: This Note argues that live-streaming technology has implicated several important legal rights held by various parties, from the freedom of expression rights of the videographers/streamers themselves, to privacy rights of inadvertent participants in a third party’s live stream. Part I briefly discusses the types of streaming currently available, focusing on an explanation of live-streaming and the transition from archived content applications to live-streaming applications, and then moves on to examining the trajectory of the laws governing live-streaming technology. Additionally, Part I discusses parts of the body of both state and federal privacy laws which could apply to live-streaming. Part II of this Note applies the framework established in Part I to Facebook Live, comparing the live-streaming service to more traditional broadcasting, and discussing the rights and liabilities of live-streamers, those who may inadvertently find themselves included in a live stream, and select third parties. Part III discusses past solutions to privacy issues raised by media activities, and Part IV examines why the advent of social media live-streaming presents novel questions. Part V concludes this Note by discussing potential policy implications and asking the question: where do we go from here?
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 41 No. 1 (2018): The Emerging Technologies Issue
Spatial Distribution of the Incompressible Strips at Aharonov-Bohm Interferometer
Creators: name: Cicek, E.
name: Mese, A. I.
name: Ulas, M.
name: Siddiki, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the edge physics of an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer (ABI) defined on a two dimensional electron gas, subject to strong perpendicular magnetic field B, is investigated. We solve the three dimensional Poisson equation using numerical techniques starting from the crystal growth parameters and surface image of the sample. The potential profiles of etched and gate defined geometries are compared and it is found that the etching yields a steeper landscape. The spatial distribution of the incompressible strips is investigated as a function of the gate voltage and applied magnetic field, where the imposed current is confined to. AB interference is investigated due to scattering processes between two incompressible "edge-states".
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
A Hot Microflare Observed With RHESSI and Hinode
Creators: name: Milligan, Ryan O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: RHESSI and Hinode observations of a GOES B-class flare are combined to investigate the origin of 15 MK plasma. The absence of any detectable hard X-ray emission coupled with weak blueshifted emission lines (indicating upward velocities averaging only 14 km/s) suggests that this was a result of direct heating in the corona, as opposed to nonthermal electron precipitation causing chromospheric evaporation. These findings are in agreement with a recent hydrodynamical simulation of microflare plasmas which found that higher temperatures can be attained when less energy is used to accelerate electrons out of the thermal distribution. In addition, unusual redshifts in the 2 MK Fe XV line (indicating downward velocities of 14 km/s) were observed cospatial with one of the flare ribbons during the event. Downflows of such high temperature plasma are not predicted by any common flare model.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, ApJL (Accepted)
Additional file 1 of Enhancing the work engagement of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of affective commitment and perceived organizational support
Creators: name: Shan, Yawei
name: Zhou, Xuemei
name: Zhang, Zhiyi
name: Chen, Weijia
name: Chen, Ru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Liability for Providing Hyperlinks to Copyright-Infringing Content
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Jane C.
name: Budiardjo, Luke Ali
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2018

description: Hyperlinking, at once an essential means of navigating the Internet, but also a frequent means to enable infringement of copyright, challenges courts to articulate the legal norms that underpin domestic and international copyright law, in order to ensure effective enforcement of exclusive rights on the one hand, while preserving open communication on the Internet on the other. Several recent cases, primarily in the European Union, demonstrate the difficulties of enforcing the right of communication to the public (or, in U.S. copyright parlance, the right of public performance by transmission) against those who provide hyperlinks that effectively deliver infringing content to Internet users. This Article will first address the international norms that domestic laws of states members to the multilateral copyright agreements must implement. It next will explore how two of the most significant regional or national copyright regimes, the E.U. and the U.S., have coped with the question of linking, and then will consider the relationship of the emerging approaches to copyright infringement with national and regional laws instituting limited immunity for copyright infringements committed by internet service providers. We will conclude with an assessment of the extent to which the outcomes under U.S. and E.U. regimes, despite their apparently different approaches, in fact converge.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 41 No. 2 (2018)
A de Bruijn - Erdős theorem and metric spaces
Creators: name: Chiniforooshan, Ehsan
name: Chvátal, Vašek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05D99, 52C10

description: De Bruijn and Erdős proved that every noncollinear set of n points in the plane determines at least n distinct lines. Chen and Chvátal suggested a possible generalization of this theorem in the framework of metric spaces. We provide partial results in this direction.
Detailed analyses of three neutron-capture-rich carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars
Creators: name: Behara, N. T.
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Ludwig, H. -G.
name: Sbordone, L.
name: Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez
name: Caffau, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Approximately 20% of very metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] < -2.0) are strongly enhanced in carbon ([C/Fe] > +1.0). Such stars are referred to as carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. We present a chemical abundance analysis based on high resolution spectra acquired with UVES at the VLT of three dwarf CEMP stars: SDSS J1349-0229, SDSS J0912+0216 and SDSS J1036+1212. These very metal-poor stars, with [Fe/H] < -2.5, were selected from our ongoing survey of extremely metal-poor dwarf candidates from the SDSS. Among these CEMPs, SDSS J1349-0229 has been identified as a carbon star ([C/O] > +1.0). First and second peak s-process elements, as well as second peak r-process elements have been detected in all stars. In addition, elements from the third r-process peak were detected in one of the stars, SDSS J1036+1212. We present the abundance results of these stars in the context of neutron-capture nucleosynthesis theories.
description: poster presented at IAU Symposium 265 "Chemical Abundances in the Universe: Connecting First Stars to Planets", Rio de Janeiro, 10-14 August 2009
Blockchains, Orphan Works, and the Public Domain
Creators: name: Goldenfein, Jake
name: Hunter, Dan
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: This Article outlines a blockchain based system to solve the orphan works problem. Orphan works are works still ostensibly protected by copyright for which an author cannot be found. Orphan works represent a significant problem for the efficient dissemination of knowledge, since users cannot license the works, and as a result may choose not to use them. Our proposal uses a blockchain to register attempts to find the authors of orphan works, and otherwise to facilitate use of those works. There are three elements to our proposal. First, we propose a number of mechanisms, included automated systems, to perform a diligent search for a rights holder. Second, we propose a blockchain register where every search for a work’s owner can be recorded. Third, we propose a legal mechanism that delivers works into orphanhood, and affords a right to use those works after a search for a rights holder is deemed diligent. These changes would provide any user of an orphan work with an assurance that they were acting legally as long as they had consulted the register and/or performed a diligent search for the work’s owner. The Article demonstrates a range of complementary legal and technological architectures that, in various formations, can be deployed to address the orphan works problem. We show that these technological systems are useful for enhancement of the public domain more generally, through the existence of a growing registry of gray status works and clarified conditions for their use. The selection and design of any particular implementation is a choice for policy makers and technologists. Rather than specify how that choice should look, the goal here is to demonstrate the utility of the technology and to clarify and promote its role in reforming this vexed area of law.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 41 No. 1 (2018): The Emerging Technologies Issue
Artificial Intelligence’s Fair Use Crisis
Creators: name: Sobel, Benjamin L. W.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: As automation supplants more forms of labor, creative expression still seems like a distinctly human enterprise. This may someday change: by ingesting works of authorship as “training data,” computer programs can teach themselves to write natural prose, compose music, and generate movies. Machine learning is an artificial intelligence (“AI”) technology with immense potential and a commensurate appetite for copyrighted works. In the United States, the copyright law mechanism most likely to facilitate machine learning’s uses of protected data is the fair use doctrine. However, current fair use doctrine threatens either to derail the progress of machine learning or to disenfranchise the human creators whose work makes it possible. This Article addresses the problem in three Parts: using popular machine learning datasets and research as case studies, Part I describes how programs “learn” from corpora of copyrighted works and catalogs the legal risks of this practice. It concludes that fair use may not protect expressive machine learning applications, including the burgeoning field of natural language generation. Part II explains that applying today’s fair use doctrine to expressive machine learning will yield one of two undesirable outcomes: if U.S. courts reject the fair use defense for machine learning, valuable innovation may move to another jurisdiction or halt entirely; alternatively, if courts find the technology to be fair use, sophisticated software may divert rightful earnings from the authors of input data. This dilemma shows that fair use may no longer serve its historical purpose. Traditionally, fair use is understood to benefit the public by fostering expressive activity. Today, the doctrine increasingly serves the economic interests of powerful firms at the expense of disempowered individual rights holders. Finally, in Part III, this Article contemplates changes in doctrine and policy that could address these problems. It concludes that the United States’ interest in avoiding both prongs of AI’s fair use dilemma offers a novel justification for redistributive measures that could promote social equity alongside technological progress.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 41 No. 1 (2018): The Emerging Technologies Issue
Session I: Keynote Panel, Describing the Legal Landscape
Creators: name: Mehta, Probir
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session I, the Keynote Panel of the Symposium, addressed the legal landscape of copyright treatises and free trade agreements, including the role of FTAs and their benefits and disadvantages, and how copyright obligations in FTAs may differ from those in international treaties. Session Panelists: Probir Mehta, Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Innovation and Intellectual Property Steven J. Metalitz, Partner, Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP and Counsel to the International Intellectual Property Alliance
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
Evidence? We Don’t Need No Stinkin’ Evidence!
Creators: name: Sherwin, Robert T.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: For nearly thirty years, states have been adopting laws that attempt to stop rich, sophisticated parties from using costly litigation as a weapon to punish and silence their less-affluent critics. Known as “anti-SLAPP” statutes, these measures have been incredibly effective in forcing certain plaintiffs to bring forth evidence at an early stage of litigation to show their claims have merit. Unfortunately, a troubling trend has emerged. Some states’ courts are interpreting particular language within their anti-SLAPP laws to allow plaintiffs to survive early dismissal by merely pointing to unproven and unsworn-to allegations in their pleadings. This movement is on the rise as Congress recently considered a federal anti-SLAPP bill that just so happens to feature this same ambiguous language. This Article explores how state courts are arriving at entirely opposite holdings despite sharing statutory language that is identical in form and purpose. Ultimately, I offer specific suggestions about how Congress and state legislatures can fix their laws to avoid uncertainty and fully effectuate the purpose of anti-SLAPP legislation.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 4 (2017)
Authors’ Human Rights and Copyright Policy
Creators: name: Austin, Greame W.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: Few would likely disagree with the observation made by Graeme Dinwoodie in this journal some seventeen years ago that “[i]t is increasingly impossible to analyze intellectual property law and policy without reference to international lawmaking.” International instruments influence the shape of domestic intellectual property law, and, in turn, have become vehicles for exporting domestic norms. And international law can, and should, inform the interpretation of domestic statutes, including those in the area of intellectual property. This Article argues that human rights guarantees to protect authors’ moral and material interests should be included in the “international lawmaking” that is considered relevant to domestic intellectual property law and policy. In the analysis that follows, the phrase “authors’ human rights” is used to describe human rights commitments to protect authors’ moral and material interests in their work. The label “international intellectual property law” is used to denote the international instruments typically included in the “conventional list.” While this nomenclature will assist with the analysis, one of the key points advanced in this Article is that authors’ human rights should be considered a part of international intellectual property law, not separate from it.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 4 (2017)
The (Social) Media is the Message
Creators: name: Kelley, Beatrice
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: Artists have always challenged the limits of the legal, but in recent years, there has been a shift from works of art that offend or upset to those that merely run afoul of something very mundane: online terms of service. This Note argues that new media artists working primarily with social media must be aware of the potential liability inherent in any project that involves a violation of user agreements. If artists continue to violate the user agreements of social media websites—whether purposefully or by accident—there are serious implications for legal liability. With Richard Prince standing at the helm of a new breed of artist-plaintiff, the new media movement is beginning to witness the very tangible presence of litigation in even the most intangible of artworks.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 4 (2017)
None of Your Business: Protecting the Right to Write Anonymous Business Reviews Online
Creators: name: Cherner, Lindsey
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: This Note analyzes the fine balance between First Amendment protection afforded to anonymous online business reviews and the state’s interest in removing false communications made about a business or business owner. Part I traces the development of anonymity as a protected First Amendment right and will also explain the rise of Internet speech and the protections of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act for ISPs like Yelp and TripAdvisor. Part II illustrates the inconsistent application of three conflicting standards used for unmasking anonymous speakers on the Internet and will interpret cases that address these concerns in the context of online business reviews. This section will also touch on the significance of the unanimous passage of the Consumer Review Fairness Act of 2016 and what its enactment into law means for the future of online business reviews. Finally, this section will distinguish commercial speech from non-commercial speech and explain why the distinction is relevant to the level of protection afforded to online business reviews. In Part III, this Note argues that upon receiving a motion to quash from an anonymous business reviewer, courts should incorporate a totality of the circumstances analysis in addition to balancing the interests of the First Amendment with the right to redress against defamatory harms. This section also argues that first-hand opinions about business experiences and commercial goods and services are usually not commercial speech; and therefore, should receive more protection than traditional commercial speech. In Part IV, this Note concludes by explaining that considerations of the type of speech, the forum used, and the context in which it is posted online should guide the courts’ analysis prior to the decision to unmask the author of an anonymous online business review. As part of this totality of the circumstances analysis, courts should keep in mind that forums that do not employ fact-checking protections should not face the same heightened liability as those that do fact-check online communications. Affording less liability to ISPs like Yelp and TripAdvisor than newspapers with extensive layers of editorial support makes sense long-term because consumers have become savvier at determining the reliability of business reviews and are more keen at sifting through the helpful and unhelpful reviews on their own. With this in mind, it would be more beneficial to allow all candid opinions to enter the proverbial marketplace of ideas with the ultimate determination of reliability in the hands of those at their keyboards rather than the businessmen and women who have been criticized. As this Note illustrates, we need anonymous business reviews, for without them, there may be trepidation that businesses will take advantage of consumers’ naïve hearts and minds.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 4 (2017)
Session IV: Fair Use and Other Exceptions
Creators: name: McCoy, Stan
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session IV focused on efforts to incorporate exceptions into international copyright treaties and trade agreements, including for example, a flexible “fair use”-type exception. Session Panelists: Jonathan Band, Jonathan Band PLLC David Carson, Senior Counsel and Head of Copyright Policy Team, Office for Policy & International Affairs, U.S. Patent and Trademark OfficeU.S. Patent and Trademark Office Lital Helman, Professor, Ono Academic College Faculty of Law Stan McCoy, President and Managing Director of the Motion Picture Association (MPA) EMEA
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
A novel approach to multi-junctions:the heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell
Creators: name: Antolín, Elisa
name: García-Linares, Pablo
name: Zehender, Marius
name: Martí, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell

description: Invited talk given at the MRS Fall Meeting 2018. Boston 25th –30th November2018
Session IV: Fair Use and Other Exceptions
Creators: name: Helman, Lital
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session IV focused on efforts to incorporate exceptions into international copyright treaties and trade agreements, including for example, a flexible “fair use”-type exception. Session Panelists: Jonathan Band, Jonathan Band PLLC David Carson, Senior Counsel and Head of Copyright Policy Team, Office for Policy & International Affairs, U.S. Patent and Trademark OfficeU.S. Patent and Trademark Office Lital Helman, Professor, Ono Academic College Faculty of Law Stan McCoy, President and Managing Director of the Motion Picture Association (MPA) EMEA
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
Assessing Dermatitis of Povidone Iodine in Perioperative Settings: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Saldana, Guillermo
name: Hernandez, Amanda
name: Ahmad, Nabeel
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Povidone iodine (PVP-I) serves as a prevalent antiseptic in preoperative skin preparation, significantly reducing surgical site infections. Despite its efficacy, the potential association with contact dermatitis remains incompletely explored. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review examining dermatitis occurrences post PVP-I administration in various surgical procedures
Session III: Issues Concerning Enforcement and Dispute Resolution
Creators: name: Tepp, Steven
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session III addressed the strategies for achieving compliance with international copyright treaties and trade agreements. Session Panelists: Sean Flynn, Associate Director for Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, American University Washington College of Law Maria Strong, Deputy Director of Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Copyright Office Antony Taubman, Director of the Intellectual Property Division of the World Trade Organization Steven Tepp, President and Founder of Sentinel Worldwide
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
Guiding fields development for the TUCAN nEDM Experiment
Creators: name: Klemets, Emma Myra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The TUCAN (TRIUMF Ultra-Cold Advanced Neutron) neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) Experiment is looking to measure the nEDM with a goal sensitivity of 1 x 10⁻²⁷ ecm. The discovery of a non-zero nEDM would help explain the matter-antimatter imbalance seen in our universe. The TUCAN nEDM experiment requires polarized ultracold neutrons to be stored in a volume with precisely known electromagnetic fields. To achieve high counting statistics, a large number of neutrons and high degree of neutron polarization are required. For this, the neutron polarization needs to be conserved during neutron transport, leading to the prerequisite of adiabatic transport. Adiabatic transport is when there are no strong gradients or zero field transitions such that the neutron polarization can stay aligned with the magnetic field along the neutrons’ path. An adiabatic transport system can be used to achieve this by superimposing additional fields to existing background fields to tune field properties. The development of the adiabatic guiding fields subsystem consists first of understanding adiabatic transport as quantified by the adiabatic parameter. The derivation of this parameter, and its relation to the resulting polarization of neutron ensembles, is explored in this work. Requirements on the minimum value of the adiabatic parameter for a desired minimum polarization have been set, which are then the main guidelines while designing the guide coils themselves. The adiabatic parameter is dependent on the magnetic field and angular gradients, and a thorough mapping of the guide region will be necessary for the final guiding fields design. Currently, many parts of the TUCAN nEDM Experiment are in the design phase, increasing the difficulty of obtaining meaningful field maps. In the meantime, a Magnetic Test Environment has been built and tested to model many of the major magnetic components. This setup was used to develop a mapping and analysis procedure in order to test prototype guiding coils. The coils tested were successfully able to create regions of controlled fields giving proof of principle. Future work should continue into the design and automation of this guide coil design method as more of the experimental region is built.
Session IV: Fair Use and Other Exceptions
Creators: name: Carson, David
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session IV focused on efforts to incorporate exceptions into international copyright treaties and trade agreements, including for example, a flexible “fair use”-type exception. Session Panelists: Jonathan Band, Jonathan Band PLLC David Carson, Senior Counsel and Head of Copyright Policy Team, Office for Policy & International Affairs, U.S. Patent and Trademark OfficeU.S. Patent and Trademark Office Lital Helman, Professor, Ono Academic College Faculty of Law Stan McCoy, President and Managing Director of the Motion Picture Association (MPA) EMEA
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
Improving the robustness, accuracy, and utility of chemistry-climate model ensembles
Creators: name: Amos, Matt
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ozone
climate model ensemble
Chemistry climate model
Bayeisan neural network

description: Ensembles of chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are fundamental for the exploration of the chemistry-climate system. A particular focus of chemistry-climate modelling is stratospheric ozone, whose concentrations have been decreased by anthropogenic releases of ozone depleting substances. In conjunction with observational data, CCM ensembles have been relied upon to simulate historic effects of ozone depletion and to project future ozone recovery. However, many widely used ensemble analysis methods are simplistic and are based upon incorrect assumptions about the design of the ensemble. Multi-model means used to construct future ozone projections do not account for variable model performance or similarity and therefore give biased and inaccurate projections. Similarly, simplistic linear regression methods used to infill historic ozone records underestimate interannual variability and are inaccurate in regions of sparse data coverage. Moreover, given advances in machine learning and data science and their increased use in environmental science, it is timely to apply more advanced tools to CCM ensembles. To address this methodological deficit, this thesis presents a set of novel tools to improve the predictions and projections from CCM ensembles of stratospheric ozone. A process-based weighted mean is developed which accounts for model performance and similarity in CCM ensembles. This improvement over pre-existing methods was used to generate accurate ozone hole recovery projections. This thesis also developed a Bayesian neural network (BNN) which fuses together CCMs with observational data to produce accurate and uncertainty-aware predictions. The BNN framework was used to produce historic continuous datasets of total ozone column and vertically resolved ozone, and represents a significant improvement in methods used to ensemble models. Though designed for CCM ensembles these flexible tools have the potential to be applied to other environmental modelling disciplines to improve the accuracy of projections, better understand uncertainty and to make better use of historic observations.
Session III: Issues Concerning Enforcement and Dispute Resolution
Creators: name: Taubman, Antony
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session III addressed the strategies for achieving compliance with international copyright treaties and trade agreements. Session Panelists: Sean Flynn, Associate Director for Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, American University Washington College of Law Maria Strong, Deputy Director of Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Copyright Office Antony Taubman, Director of the Intellectual Property Division of the World Trade Organization Steven Tepp, President and Founder of Sentinel Worldwide
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
Correction to: Racial Context and Health Behaviors Among Black Immigrants
Creators: name: Jones, Nicole E.
name: Keith, Verna M.
name: Miller, Gabe H.
name: Marquez-Velarde, Guadalupe
name: Emoruwa, Oluwaseun T.
name: Ma, Guizhen
name: Elufisan, Gbenga I.
name: Hernandez, Stephanie M.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
Correction to "Racial Context and Health Behaviors Among Black Immigrants"
Simple Vortex States in Films of Type-I Ginzburg-Landau Superconductor
Creators: name: Sweeney, Mark C.
name: Gelfand, Martin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sufficiently thin films of type-I superconductor in a perpendicular magnetic field exhibit a triangular vortex lattice, while thick films develop an intermediate state. To elucidate what happens between these two regimes, precise numerical calculations have been made within Ginzburg-Landau theory at $κ=0.5$ and 0.25 for a variety of vortex lattice structures with one flux quantum per unit cell. The phase diagram in the space of mean induction and film thickness includes a narrow wedge in which a square lattice is stable, surrounded by the domain of stability of the triangular lattice at thinner films/lower fields and, on the other side, rectangular lattices with continuously varying aspect ratio. The vortex lattice has an anomalously small shear modulus within and close to the square lattice phase.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Perceptions of adolescent pregnancy in the rural context and the Colombian armed conflict: a qualitative approach based on social determination of health
Creators: name: Palacios-Perdomo, Herlan
name: Acosta-Ramírez, Naydú
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1.
Dark Stars: A New Study of the FIrst Stars in the Universe
Creators: name: Freese, Katherine
name: Spolyar, Douglas
name: Bodenheimer, Peter
name: Gondolo, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have proposed that the first phase of stellar evolution in the history of the Universe may be Dark Stars (DS), powered by dark matter heating rather than by nuclear fusion. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, which may be their own antipartners, collect inside the first stars and annihilate to produce a heat source that can power the stars. A new stellar phase results, a Dark Star, powered by dark matter annihilation as long as there is dark matter fuel, with lifetimes from millions to billions of years. We find that the first stars are very bright ($\sim 10^6 L_\odot$) and cool ($T_{surf} < 10,000$K) during the DS phase, and grow to be very massive (500-1000 times as massive as the Sun). These results differ markedly from the standard picture in the absence of DM heating, in which the maximum mass is about 140$M_\odot$ and the temperatures are much hotter ($T_{surf} > 50,000$K); hence DS should be observationally distinct from standard Pop III stars. Once the dark matter fuel is exhausted, the DS becomes a heavy main sequence star; these stars eventually collapse to form massive black holes that may provide seeds for supermassive black holes observed at early times as well as explanations for recent ARCADE data and for intermediate black holes.
description: article to be published in special issue on Dark Matter and Particle Physics in New Journal of Physics
Session III: Enforcement Tools in the U.S. Government Toolbox to Support Countries’ Compliance with Copyright Obligations
Creators: name: Strong, Maria
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session III addressed the strategies for achieving compliance with international copyright treaties and trade agreements. Session Panelists: Sean Flynn, Associate Director for Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, American University Washington College of Law Maria Strong, Deputy Director of Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Copyright Office Antony Taubman, Director of the Intellectual Property Division of the World Trade Organization Steven Tepp, President and Founder of Sentinel Worldwide
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
A Tale of Two Policies: Qualitative Perspectives on Efforts to Improve Emergency Department-to-Specialty Referrals in the Context of EMTALA and Local Insurance Networks
Creators: name: Walton, Hannah
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Qualitative research
subject: Health equity
subject: Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (United States)
subject: Health insurance
subject: Referral processes

description: The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) supports a basic minimum access to equitable emergency care for all patients but has led to well-documented unintended consequences including a high financial burden on hospitals and crowding of Emergency Departments. These consequences reach beyond the Emergency Department including affecting hospital capacity. However, it is less well understood how local hospital, regional/state, and insurance network policies impact health equity within the Emergency Department-to-outpatient referral processes. This qualitative study aimed to explore health equity impacts at the intersection of national policy (EMTALA) and local network considerations on Emergency Department-to-specialty referral processes. The context for this work was a quality improvement project piloted between our Emergency and Neurology Departments, which was identified as one of the highest volumes recipient (n = 1069 in 2022) of Emergency Department referrals in our single-site, high volume, academic medical system. We conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in this quality improvement project to specifically explore how policy and insurance network considerations impacted the process. Data were analyzed using rapid matrix analysis and keyword-in-context approaches. Our results found four main themes that represent barriers to equitable healthcare: 1) lack of health insurance and insurance network restrictions thwart people interfacing with the healthcare system: staff, patients, and physicians; 2) mistrust in the healthcare system; 3) inefficient communication between departments; and 4) limited outpatient access capacity. We organized our themes according to Fortney’s five access dimensions model and identified the need for simultaneous initiatives at various dimension levels to improve the issue of access. This work adds to existing literature by determining opportunities for health equity and access improvement in Emergency Department referral processes to specialty departments.
Session III: Issues Concerning Enforcement and Dispute Resolution
Creators: name: Flynn, Sean
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session III addressed the strategies for achieving compliance with international copyright treaties and trade agreements. Session Panelists: Sean Flynn, Associate Director for Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, American University Washington College of Law Maria Strong, Deputy Director of Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Copyright Office Antony Taubman, Director of the Intellectual Property Division of the World Trade Organization Steven Tepp, President and Founder of Sentinel Worldwide
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
Utilities for the Canadian galactic emission mapper
Creators: name: Villalba Gonzalez, Pedro
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has proven to be a scientific gold mine in the field of cosmology over the past 50 years. It’s blackbody spectrum and anisotropy measurements have enabled the determination of the main cosmological parameters under the Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model. In the recent years, scientists have switched their interest towards the study of the CMB polarization field. The inflationary model, which aims to explain the very early universe predicts a period of exponential expansion when the universe was only 10ˉ³⁴ seconds old. This rapid expansion is theorized to have produced primordial gravitational waves (PGW) that could have survived long enough to leave an imprint in the polarization field of the CMB, in the form of B−modes. Among the several challenges in the search for this cosmological signal, the presence of foregrounds between us and the CMB is one of the most difficult to overcome. The synchrotron radiation from our galaxy dominates over the faint polarized emission from the CMB in its observing frequency, ∼ 100 GHz. The Canadian Galactic Emission Mapper (CGEM) is a planned four metre, single dish radio telescope that will map the Northern sky in polarization in the 8-10 GHz range. By measuring in this frequency window, it will produce the most precise large-area polarization maps ever made in a window where the galactic signal is ∼ 10³ times higher than in the CMB frequency range. These maps will be subsequently used by B−modes search experiments to improve their foreground models. CGEM will be extremely relevant for CMB polarization science. A secondary goal is a better understanding of the interstellar medium in our galaxy. This thesis describes my contributions to making CGEM happen. We present a simulation pipeline developed and tested to inform the design of the telescope and to simulate time ordered data. We also show part of the design, development and testing of the radiometer that will go into CGEM.
Additional file 1 of Respiratory function declines in children with asthma associated with chemical species of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Nagasaki, Japan
Creators: name: Kim, Yoonhee
name: Park, Eun Ha
name: Ng, Chris Fook Sheng
name: Chung, Yeonseung
name: Hashimoto, Kunio
name: Tashiro, Kasumi
name: Hasunuma, Hideki
name: Doi, Masataka
name: Tamura, Kei
name: Moriuchi, Hiroyuki
name: Nishiwaki, Yuji
name: Kim, Hwajin
name: Yi, Seung-Muk
name: Kim, Ho
name: Hashizume, Masahiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.