cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The relevance of prior inclination determination for direct imaging of Earth-like planets
Creators: name: Janson, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct imaging and characterization of extrasolar Earth-like planets is strongly impacted by the orbital inclination of the planet to be studied, as a combination of pure geometrical effects and the impact of exozodiacal dust. Here, we perform simulations to quantify the impact of a priori knowledge of inclination for the efficiency of a typical coronagraphic or occulter-based mission. The relative impact and complementarity with prior knowledge of exozodiacal brightness down to achievable levels is examined and discussed. It is found that inclination has an even greater impact than the exozodiacal brightness, though the two have excellent complementarity. We also discuss different methods for inclination determination, and their respective applicability to the context of precursor science to an imaging mission. It is found that if technologically achievable, a combined effort to determine inclinations and exozodiacal brightnesses with ground-based facilities would substantially increase the efficiency of a space-based dedicated mission to image and characterize Earth-like planets.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Simulation of angular resolution of a new electromagnetic sampling calorimeter
Creators: name: Kim, Junlee
name: Kim, Eun-Joo
name: Kim, YoungJun
name: Ahn, JungKeun
name: Lim, GeiYoub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the simulation results for the angular resolution of an electromagnetic (EM) sampling calorimeter with photons in the range of 100~MeV to 2~GeV. The simulation model of the EM calorimeter consists of alternating layers of a 1-mm-thick lead plate and a 5-mm-thick plastic scintillator plate. The scintillator plates are alternately segmented into horizontal and vertical strips. In this study, we obtain energy deposits in individual strips using Geant4 simulations and reconstruct the incident photon angles using XGBoost with gradient-boosted decision trees. The performance of the angle reconstruction depends on the detector configuration and the accuracy of machine learning. The angular resolution is well described by the expression $0.24^{\circ} \oplus 1.25^{\circ}/\sqrt{E_γ}$, where $E_γ$ is the incident photon energy in GeV, for strips of 15 mm and 32 layers. This energy dependence is consistent for different incident angles in the range of 10$^{\circ}$ to 40$^{\circ}$.
Bulk viscous cosmology: unified dark matter
Creators: name: Dou, Xu
name: Meng, Xin-He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bulk viscosity is introduced to model unified dark matter. The viscous unified model assumes the universe is filled with a single fluid with the bulk viscosity. We review the general framework of the viscous cosmology. The Hubble parameter has a direct connection with the bulk viscosity coefficient. For concrete form of the bulk viscosity, the Hubble parameter which has the scaling relation with the redshift can be obtained. We discuss two viscosity models and the cosmological evolution to which they lead. Using SNe Ia data, the viscosity model can be fitted. We briefly review the fitting method here.
description: Review in the Advances in Astronomy focus issue on Dark Matter; 11 pages, 1 figure
New Velocity Measurements of NGC 5128 Globular Clusters out to 130 kpc: Outer Halo Kinematics, Substructure and Dynamics
Creators: name: Hughes, A. K.
name: Sand, D. J.
name: Seth, A.
name: Strader, J.
name: Lidman, C.
name: Voggel, K.
name: Dumont, A.
name: Crnojević, D.
name: Mateo, M.
name: Caldwell, N.
name: Forbes, D. A.
name: Pearson, S.
name: Guhathakurta, P.
name: Toloba, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new radial velocity measurements from the Magellan and the Anglo-Australian Telescopes for 174 previously known and 122 newly confirmed globular clusters (GCs) around NGC 5128, the nearest accessible massive early-type galaxy at D=3.8 Mpc. Remarkably, 28 of these newly confirmed GCs are at projected radii >50' ($\gtrsim 54$ kpc), extending to $\sim 130$ kpc, in the outer halo where few GCs had been confirmed in previous work. We identify several subsets of GCs that spatially trace halo substructures that are visible in red giant branch star maps of the galaxy. In some cases, these subsets of GCs are kinematically cold, and may be directly associated with and originate from these specific stellar substructures. From a combined kinematic sample of 645 GCs, we see evidence for coherent rotation at all radii, with a higher rotation amplitude for the metal-rich GC subpopulation. Using the tracer mass estimator, we measure a total enclosed mass of $2.5\pm0.3 \times 10^{12} M_{\odot}$ within $\sim 120$ kpc, an estimate that will be sharpened with forthcoming dynamical modeling. The combined power of stellar mapping and GC kinematics makes NGC 5128 an ongoing keystone for understanding galaxy assembly at mass scales inaccessible in the Local Group.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, submitted to AAS Journals
Pareto optimal fronts of kinetic proofreading
Creators: name: Chiuchiu, Davide
name: Mondal, Shrabani
name: Pigolotti, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological processes such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation show remarkable speed and accuracy in selecting the right substrate from pools of chemically identical molecules. This result is obtained by nonequilibrium reactions that dissipate chemical energy. It is widely recognized that there must be a trade-off between speed, error, and dissipation characterizing these systems. In this paper, we quantify the trade-off between speed, error, and dissipation using tools from mathematical optimization theory. We characterize the Pareto optimal front for two paradigmatic models of biological error correction: Hopfield's kinetic proofreading model and a ribosome model. We find that error correction processes with more proofreading steps are characterized by better trade-offs. Furthermore, we identify scaling relations between speed, accuracy, and dissipation on the Pareto front.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Electronic Correlations and Evolution of the Charge-Density Wave in the Kagome Metals $A$V$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ ($A$ = K, Rb, Cs)
Creators: name: Zhou, Xiaoxiang
name: Li, Yongkai
name: Fan, Xinwei
name: Hao, Jiahao
name: Xiang, Ying
name: Liu, Zhe
name: Dai, Yaomin
name: Wang, Zhiwei
name: Yao, Yugui
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kagome metals $A$V$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ ($A$ = K, Rb, Cs) have attracted enormous interest as they exhibit intertwined charge-density wave (CDW) and superconductivity. The alkali-metal dependence of these characteristics contains pivotal information about the CDW and its interplay with superconductivity. Here, we report optical studies of $A$V$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ across the whole family. With increasing alkali-metal atom radius from K to Cs, the CDW gap increases monotonically, whereas $T_{\text{CDW}}$ first rises and then drops, at variance with conventional CDW. While the Fermi surface gapped by the CDW grows, $T_{c}$ is elevated in CsV$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$, indicating that the interplay between the CDW and superconductivity is not simply a competition for the density of states near \EF. More importantly, we observe an enhancement of electronic correlations in CsV$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$, which suppresses the CDW but enhances superconductivity, thus accounting for the above peculiar observations. Our results suggest electronic correlations as an important factor in manipulating the CDW and its entanglement with superconductivity in $A$V$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Comments are welcome and appreciated
Effect of Anharmonicity on the Kondo Phenomena of a Magnetic Ion Vibrating in a Confinement Potential
Creators: name: Yashiki, Satoshi
name: Ueda, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effect of anharmonicity of a cage potential for a magnetic ion vibrating in a metal is investigated by the numerical renormalization group method. The cage potential is assumed to be one-dimensional and of the double-well type. In the absence of the Coulomb interaction, we find continuous crossover among the three limiting cases: Yu-Anderson-type Kondo regime, the double-well-type Kondo one, and the renormalized Fermi chain one. In the entire parameter space of the double-well potential, the ground state is described by a local Fermi liquid. In the Yu-Anderson-type Kondo regime, a quantum phase transition to the ground state with odd parity takes place passing through the two-channel Kondo fixed point when the Coulomb interaction increases. Therefore, the vibration of a magnetic ion in an oversized cage structure is a promising route to the two-channel Kondo effect.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for JPSJ
Anomaly mediated SUSY breaking scenarios in the light of cosmology and in the dark (matter)
Creators: name: Arbey, A.
name: Deandrea, A.
name: Tarhini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomaly mediation is a popular and well motivated supersymmetry breaking scenario. Different possible detailed realisations of this set-up are studied and actively searched for at colliders. Apart from limits coming from flavour, low energy physics and direct collider searches, these models are usually constrained by the requirement of reproducing the observations on dark matter density in the universe. We reanalyse these bounds and in particular we focus on the dark matter bounds both considering the standard cosmological model and alternative cosmological scenarios. These scenarios do not change the observable cosmology but relic dark matter density bounds strongly depend on them. We consider few benchmark points excluded by standard cosmology dark matter bounds and suggest that loosening the dark matter constraints is necessary in order to avoid a too strong (cosmological) model dependence in the limits that are obtained for these models. We also discuss briefly the implications for phenomenology and in particular at the Large Hadron Collider.
description: 37 pages, 20 figures, 1 table
Laboratory modelling of solar wind interaction with Lunar Magnetic Anomalies
Creators: name: Rumenskikh, M. S.
name: Chibranov, A. A.
name: Efimov, M. A.
name: Berezutsky, A. G.
name: Posukh, V. G.
name: Zakharov, Yu. P.
name: Boyarintsev, E. L.
name: Miroshnichenko, I. B.
name: Trushin, P. A.
name: Divin, A. V.
name: Shaikhislamov, I. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents results of laboratory experiment modeling the interaction between Lunar magnetic anomalies and Solar wind. To model the LMA we use quadrupole magnetic field. The main dimentionless parameter of the problem, the ion inertia length relative to the mini-magnetosphere size, well corresponds between experiment and LMA conditions. The main result is measurement of the magnetically reflected proton fluxes, which show qualitative agreement to available satellite data.
Relation between coronal type II bursts, associated flares and CMEs
Creators: name: Pothitakis, George
name: Preka-Papadema, Panagiota
name: Moussas, Xenophon
name: Caroubalos, Constantine
name: Alissandrakis, Constantine
name: Tsitsipis, Panagiotis
name: Kontogeorgos, Athanasios
name: Hillaris, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a sample of complex events; each includes a coronal type II burst, accompanied by a GOES SXR flare and LASCO CME. The radio bursts were recorded by the ARTEMIS-IV radio spectrograph (100-650 MHz range); the GOES SXR flares and SOHO/LASCO CMEs, were obtained from the Solar Geophysical Data (SGD) and the LASCO lists respectively. The radio burst-flare-CME characteristics were compared and two groups of events with similar behavior were isolated. In the first the type II shock exciter appears to be a flare blast wave propagating in the wake of a CME. In the second the type II burst appears CME initiated though it is not always clear if it is driven by the bow or the flanks of the CME or if it is a reconnection shock.
description: Universal Heliophysical Processes, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium, Volume 257, p. 299-301
Visualization of moiré magnons in monolayer ferromagnet
Creators: name: Ganguli, Somesh Chandra
name: Aapro, Markus
name: Kezilebieke, Shawulienu
name: Amini, Mohammad
name: Lado, Jose L.
name: Liljeroth, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional magnetic materials provide an ideal platform to explore collective many-body excitations associated with spin fluctuations. In particular, it should be feasible to explore, manipulate and ultimately design magnonic excitations in two-dimensional van der Waals magnets in a controllable way. Here we demonstrate the emergence of moiré magnon excitations, stemming from the interplay of spin-excitations in monolayer CrBr$_3$ and the moiré pattern stemming from the lattice mismatch with the underlying substrate. The existence of moiré magnons is further confirmed via inelastic quasiparticle interference, showing the appearance of a dispersion pattern correlated with the moiré length scale. Our results provide a direct visualization in real-space of the dispersion of moiré magnons, demonstrating the versatility of moiré patterns in creating emerging many-body excitations.
2D Porphyrazine: A New Nanoporous Material
Creators: name: Tromer, R. M.
name: Junior, M. L. Pereira
name: Junior, L. A. Ribeiro
name: Galvão, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystalline microporous materials are solids formed by interconnected pores of less than 2 nm in size. Typically, they possess large surface areas desirable for versatile applications such as catalysis, gas adsorption, and energy storage. In the present work, we propose a new porphyrin-based 2D nanoporous crystal, named 2D Porphyrazine (2DP), which is formed by topological assembling H$_{5}$C$_{13}$N$_{4}$ porphyrins. We have considered its monolayer, bi-layer, and molecular crystal (bulk) arrangements. We carried out DFT calculations to investigate 2DP structural and electronic properties. Results show that 2DP is a very stable structure with a direct bandgap of 0.65 eV and significant optical absorption in the visible range. 2DP exhibited satisfactory affinity to lithium atoms. Simulations also showed the existence of proton transfer between nitrogen atoms. It is the first report on the site-specific hydrogen exchange process in 2D crystals.
Comment on Turban et al. 2022: Estrogen is associated with greater suicidality among transgender males, and puberty suppression is not associated with better mental health outcomes for either sex
Creators: name: Biggs, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Using an online survey of Americans who identified as transgender, nonbinary, or cross- dressers, Turban et al. (2022) find that respondents who accessed cross-sex hormones are less likely to report suicidal ideation and severe psychological distress than those who desired but did not access those hormones. The analysis assumes that the effect of estrogen on males is the same as the effect of testosterone on females. This assumption is falsified by reanalysis of the dataset. Controlling for other variables, females who took testosterone report better outcomes than those who did not, but males who took estrogen are more likely to plan suicide, to attempt suicide, and to require hospitalization for a suicide attempt. Reanalysis also shows that puberty suppression has no statistically significant effect on mental health, which refutes Turban et al.’s (2020) previous claim.
Interspecific interactions in mixed stands of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga mensiezii, var. glauca)
Creators: name: Louw, Deon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Growing mixed conifer-broadleaf forests instead of monoculture coniferous forests could reduce problems with seedling regeneration, disease and volume loss, all of which are expected to increase with warmer climates and more frequent droughts. Understanding mixed forest dynamics, as well as their quickly evolving mycorrhizal symbionts, could reveal key management strategies for adapting to climate change. This study is a long-term analysis of two field experiments established in 1992 in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada, where I sought to gain insight into the outcomes and mechanisms of interspecific interactions in mixtures of broadleaves and conifers. The broader experiment examined interactions within mixed stands of Douglas-fir and paper birch in an extensive response surface design, while a second experiment isolated rooting areas of individual trees within two density pairings embedded in the larger experiment. The treatments were replicated across three geographically distinct sites within the same BEC subzone (ICHmw). Twenty-one years after the experiments were established, I found strong evidence of reduced Armillaria root disease and increased foliar nutrition in interior Douglas-fir with increasing density of paper birch neighbours, but no negative effect of paper birch competition on interior Douglas-fir growth. This last result may be due in part to the comparatively weak status of the planted paper birch, which never overcame early poor performance. The mechanisms by which the struggling paper birch interacted with interior Douglas-fir were revealed in the trenching experiment, where ability to form mycorrhizal networks resulted in cumulative benefits to paper birch over time, with significantly less growth loss in untrenched than trenched treatments. This benefit was consistent across densities and regardless of climatic stress, pointing to a pattern of constant benefits of belowground interactions for subordinate tree species. This finding points towards belowground interactions as a medium for balancing species inequalities and, by extension, of maintaining ecosystem diversity and stability. Taken as a whole, these results illustrate the possible benefits of maintaining broadleaves in commercially valuable conifer plantations, both in terms of direct health benefits to conifers, and in the broader sense of providing negative feedback mechanisms to species loss and ecosystem instability.
Ultrafast optical nanoscopy of carrier dynamics in silicon nanowires
Creators: name: Li, Jingang
name: Yang, Rundi
name: Rho, Yoonsoo
name: Ci, Penghong
name: Eliceiri, Matthew
name: Park, Hee K.
name: Wu, Junqiao
name: Grigoropoulos, Costas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carrier distribution and dynamics in semiconductor materials often govern their physical properties that are critical to functionalities and performance in industrial applications. The continued miniaturization of electronic and photonic devices calls for tools to probe carrier behavior in semiconductors simultaneously at the picosecond time and nanometer length scales. Here, we report pump-probe optical nanoscopy in the visible-near-infrared spectral region to characterize the carrier dynamics in silicon nanostructures. By coupling experiments with the point-dipole model, we resolve the size-dependent photoexcited carrier lifetime in individual silicon nanowires. We further demonstrate local carrier decay time mapping in silicon nanostructures with a sub-50 nm spatial resolution. Our study enables the nanoimaging of ultrafast carrier kinetics, which will find promising applications in the future design of a broad range of electronic, photonic, and optoelectronic devices.
Formation of quark phases in protoneutron stars: the transition from the 2SC to the normal quark phase
Creators: name: ~Pagliara, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the process of formation of quark phases in protoneutron stars. After calculating the phase transition between nucleonic matter and the 2SC phase at fixed entropy and lepton fraction, we show that an unpairing transition between the 2SC phase and the normal quark phase occurs for low lepton fractions. We then calculate the process of diffusion of neutrinos in protoneutron stars and show that for intermediate values of the mass of the star, the deleptonization triggers the phase transition between the two quark phases after a temporal delay of a few seconds. In less massive stars instead only the normal quark phase is formed at the end of the deleptonization stage. We also discuss the possible astrophysical implications of our scenario.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Free Energy Subadditivity for Symmetric Random Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Sellke, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a random Hamiltonian $H:Σ\to\mathbb R$ defined on a compact space $Σ$ that admits a transitive action by a compact group $\mathcal G$. When the law of $H$ is $\mathcal G$-invariant, we show its expected free energy relative to the unique $\mathcal G$-invariant probability measure on $Σ$ obeys a subadditivity property in the law of $H$ itself. The bound is often tight for weak disorder and relates free energies at different temperatures when $H$ is a Gaussian process. Many examples are discussed including branching random walk, several spin glasses, random constraint satisfaction problems, and the random field Ising model. We also provide a generalization to quantum Hamiltonians with applications to the quantum SK and SYK models.
Simulating the Effect of Non-Linear Mode-Coupling in Cosmological Parameter Estimation
Creators: name: Kiessling, A.
name: Taylor, A. N.
name: Heavens, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fisher Information Matrix methods are commonly used in cosmology to estimate the accuracy that cosmological parameters can be measured with a given experiment, and to optimise the design of experiments. However, the standard approach usually assumes both data and parameter estimates are Gaussian-distributed. Further, for survey forecasts and optimisation it is usually assumed the power-spectra covariance matrix is diagonal in Fourier-space. But in the low-redshift Universe, non-linear mode-coupling will tend to correlate small-scale power, moving information from lower to higher-order moments of the field. This movement of information will change the predictions of cosmological parameter accuracy. In this paper we quantify this loss of information by comparing naive Gaussian Fisher matrix forecasts with a Maximum Likelihood parameter estimation analysis of a suite of mock weak lensing catalogues derived from N-body simulations, based on the SUNGLASS pipeline, for a 2-D and tomographic shear analysis of a Euclid-like survey. In both cases we find that the 68% confidence area of the Omega_m-sigma_8 plane increases by a factor 5. However, the marginal errors increase by just 20 to 40%. We propose a new method to model the effects of nonlinear shear-power mode-coupling in the Fisher Matrix by approximating the shear-power distribution as a multivariate Gaussian with a covariance matrix derived from the mock weak lensing survey. We find that this approximation can reproduce the 68% confidence regions of the full Maximum Likelihood analysis in the Omega_m-sigma_8 plane to high accuracy for both 2-D and tomographic weak lensing surveys. Finally, we perform a multi-parameter analysis of Omega_m, sigma_8, h, n_s, w_0 and w_a to compare the Gaussian and non-linear mode-coupled Fisher matrix contours. (Abridged)
description: Submitted to MNRAS. 11 pages, 8 figures
Do fathers care? Measuring mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of fathers’ involvement in caring for young children in South Africa
Creators: name: Mercer, Gareth D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Fathers can be an important source of support for children. However, in South Africa, many children do not reside with their biological father and little is known about fathers’ involvement in children’s care. A questionnaire that reliably measures fathers’ involvement and is adaptable to varied residential arrangements would facilitate future population-level research. We explored whether children who reside with their biological father have better health than children whose fathers live elsewhere. We also assessed whether a questionnaire adapted from surveys in the United States would reliably measure South African fathers’ involvement in caring for infants. With data from the 1998 Demographic and Health Survey, we used multilevel logistic regression to estimate associations between father-child co-residence status and four child health outcomes: breastfeeding for ≥6 months; immunization completeness; recent acute respiratory infection; and recent diarrhea. We found that children with non-co-resident fathers were not at higher risk of these health outcomes. As part of a separate longitudinal cohort study in the Western Cape, we had a sample of mothers complete questionnaires about their infants’ fathers’ care involvement when infants were 2 weeks, 16 weeks and 6 months old. Using Item Response Theory models we estimated the distribution of the fathers’ levels of involvement in five hypothetically distinct modes of care. We used total information functions to assess the precision of father involvement estimates. Most fathers were reportedly spending time with infants, doing routine care activities and providing financially. Fewer fathers were involved in important care decisions or doing household chores. For most fathers in the sample, the questionnaire gave precise estimates of involvement in three modes of care: Accessibility, Direct Caregiving, and Practical Support for Mother. In contrast, items measuring Material Provisioning and Responsibility gave imprecise estimates for the majority of fathers. Our findings reinforce existing evidence that co-residence status is an inadequate proxy for care involvement. Future population-level research into fathers’ influences on children’s health should directly measure fathers’ care practices. With further validation, the questionnaire assessed in this study could be used to measure the more direct modes of infant care.
Combining phylogeny and coevolution improves the inference of interaction partners among paralogous proteins
Creators: name: Gandarilla-Perez, Carlos A.
name: Pinilla, Sergio
name: Bitbol, Anne-Florence
name: Weigt, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predicting protein-protein interactions from sequences is an important goal of computational biology. Various sources of information can be used to this end. Starting from the sequences of two interacting protein families, one can use phylogeny or residue coevolution to infer which paralogs are specific interaction partners within each species. We show that these two signals can be combined to improve the performance of the inference of interaction partners among paralogs. For this, we first align the sequence-similarity graphs of the two families through simulated annealing, yielding a robust partial pairing. We next use this partial pairing to seed a coevolution-based iterative pairing algorithm. This combined method improves performance over either separate method. The improvement obtained is striking in the difficult cases where the average number of paralogs per species is large or where the total number of sequences is modest.
description: 19 pages
Additional file 7 of Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhao, Ziyi
name: Zheng, Leilei
name: Huang, Xiaoya
name: Li, Caiyu
name: Liu, Jing
name: Hu, Yun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 7: Forest plot for children aged 7–14.
Weakly interacting Bose gas in the one-dimensional limit
Creators: name: Krüger, P.
name: Hofferberth, S.
name: Mazets, I. E.
name: Lesanovsky, I.
name: Schmiedmayer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prepare a chemically and thermally one-dimensional (1d) quantum degenerate Bose gas in a single microtrap. We introduce a new interferometric method to distinguish the quasicondensate fraction of the gas from the thermal cloud at finite temperature. We reach temperatures down to $kT\approx 0.5\hbarω_\perp$ (transverse oscillator eigenfrequency $ω_\perp$) when collisional thermalization slows down as expected in 1d. At the lowest temperatures the transverse momentum distribution exhibits a residual dependence on the line density $n_{1d}$, characteristic for 1d systems. For very low densities the approach to the transverse single particle ground state is linear in $n_{1d}$.
description: to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Preparation of Novel Bisphenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles with an Efficient Copper Nano Magnetic Catalyst
Creators: name: Pourmorteza, N.
name: Ariannezhad, M.
name: Behmadi, H.
name: Moghaddam, Z. Amini
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Preparation of Novel Bisphenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles with an Efficient Copper Nano Magnetic Catalyst
Microscopic structure and thermodynamics of a core-softened model fluid from the second-order integral equations theory
Creators: name: Pizio, O.
name: Sokolowska, Z.
name: Sokolowski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the structure and thermodynamic properties of isotropic three-dimensional core-softened fluid by using the second-order Ornstein-Zernike integral equations completed by the hypernetted chain and Percus-Yevick closures. The radial distribution functions are compared with those from singlet integral equations and with computer simulation data. The limits of the region of density anomaly resulting from different approximate theories are established. The obtained results show that the second-order hypernetted chain approximation can be used to describe both the structure and the density anomaly of this model fluid. Moreover, we present the results of calculations of the bridge functions.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Coronal shocks associated with CMEs and flares and their space weather consequences
Creators: name: Laskari, Marina
name: Preka-Papadema, Panagiota
name: Caroubalos, Constantine
name: Pothitakis, George
name: Moussas, Xenophon
name: Mitsakou, Eleftheria
name: Hillaris, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the geoeffectiveness of a sample of complex events; each includes a coronal type II burst, accompanied by a GOES SXR flare and LASCO CME. The radio bursts were recorded by the ARTEMIS-IV radio spectrograph, in the 100-650 MHz range; the GOES SXR flares and SOHO/LASCO CMEs, were obtained from the Solar Geophysical Data (SGD) and the LASCO catalogue respectively. These are compared with changes of solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices in order to establish a relationship between solar energetic events and their effects on geomagnetic activity.
description: Universal Heliophysical Processes, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium, Volume 257, p. 61-63
Spin mixing conductance and spin magnetoresistance of iridate/manganite interface
Creators: name: Ovsyannikov, G. A.
name: Constantinian, K. Y.
name: Shmakov, V. A.
name: Klimov, A. L.
name: Kalachev, E. A.
name: Shadrin, A. V.
name: Andreev, N. V.
name: Milovich, F. O.
name: Orlov, A. P.
name: Lega, P. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on experimental studies of spin current, measured under spin pumping at ferromag-netic resonance in wide frequency band 2-20 GHz for SrIrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering at high temperature. The epitaxial growth of the thin film in heterostructure by a cube-on-cube mechanism was confirmed by XRD and TEM analysis. Taking into account the con-tribution of anisotropic magnetoresistance the spin current was estimated as 1/3 of the total response. We show that both real and imaginary parts of spin mixing conductance are valuable for heterostructures with strong spin-orbit interaction in SrIrO3. Imaginary part of spin mixing conductance was estimated by means of shift of ferromagnetic resonance field of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layer in heterostructure. The spin mag-netoresistance was evaluated from angular dependencies of magnetoresistance measured in planar Hall configuration. In order to extract the influence of anisotropic magnetoresistance a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film was measured as well. The spin Hall angle for heterostructure was found higher than for interface Pt/ La0.7Sr0.3MnO3.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
Investigating student interpretations of the differences between classical and quantum computers: Are quantum computers just analog classical computers?
Creators: name: Meyer, Josephine C.
name: Passante, Gina
name: Pollock, Steven J.
name: Wilcox, Bethany R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Significant attention in the PER community has been paid to student cognition and reasoning processes in undergraduate quantum mechanics. Until recently, however, these same topics have remained largely unexplored in the context of emerging interdisciplinary quantum information science (QIS) courses. We conducted exploratory interviews with 22 students in an upper-division quantum computing course at a large R1 university crosslisted in physics and computer science, as well as 6 graduate students in a similar graduate-level QIS course offered in physics. We classify and analyze students' responses to a pair of questions regarding the fundamental differences between classical and quantum computers. We specifically note two key themes of importance to educators: (1) when reasoning about computational power, students often struggled to distinguish between the relative effects of exponential and linear scaling, resulting in students frequently focusing on distinctions that are arguably better understood as analog-digital than classical-quantum, and (2) introducing the thought experiment of analog classical computers was a powerful tool for helping students develop a more expertlike perspective on the differences between classical and quantum computers.
description: Submitted to Proceedings of the 2022 Physics Education Research Conference, Grand Rapids, MI, US 7/13-7/14/22
Deformable Image Registration using Unsupervised Deep Learning for CBCT-guided Abdominal Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Xie, Huiqiao
name: Lei, Yang
name: Fu, Yabo
name: Wang, Tonghe
name: Roper, Justin
name: Bradley, Jeffrey D.
name: Patel, Pretesh
name: Liu, Tian
name: Yang, Xiaofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CBCTs in image-guided radiotherapy provide crucial anatomy information for patient setup and plan evaluation. Longitudinal CBCT image registration could quantify the inter-fractional anatomic changes. The purpose of this study is to propose an unsupervised deep learning based CBCT-CBCT deformable image registration. The proposed deformable registration workflow consists of training and inference stages that share the same feed-forward path through a spatial transformation-based network (STN). The STN consists of a global generative adversarial network (GlobalGAN) and a local GAN (LocalGAN) to predict the coarse- and fine-scale motions, respectively. The network was trained by minimizing the image similarity loss and the deformable vector field (DVF) regularization loss without the supervision of ground truth DVFs. During the inference stage, patches of local DVF were predicted by the trained LocalGAN and fused to form a whole-image DVF. The local whole-image DVF was subsequently combined with the GlobalGAN generated DVF to obtain final DVF. The proposed method was evaluated using 100 fractional CBCTs from 20 abdominal cancer patients in the experiments and 105 fractional CBCTs from a cohort of 21 different abdominal cancer patients in a holdout test. Qualitatively, the registration results show great alignment between the deformed CBCT images and the target CBCT image. Quantitatively, the average target registration error (TRE) calculated on the fiducial markers and manually identified landmarks was 1.91+-1.11 mm. The average mean absolute error (MAE), normalized cross correlation (NCC) between the deformed CBCT and target CBCT were 33.42+-7.48 HU, 0.94+-0.04, respectively. This promising registration method could provide fast and accurate longitudinal CBCT alignment to facilitate inter-fractional anatomic changes analysis and prediction.
Relativistic description of 3He(e,e'p)2H
Creators: name: Alvarez-Rodriguez, R.
name: Udias, J. M.
name: Vignote, J. R.
name: Garrido, E.
name: Sarriguren, P.
name: de Guerra, E. Moya
name: Pace, E.
name: Kievsky, A.
name: Salme, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Relativistic Distorted-Wave Impulse Approximation is used to describe the $^3$He($e,e^\prime p$)$^2$H process. We describe the $^3$He nucleus within the adiabatic hyperspherical expansion method with realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions. The overlap between the $^3$He and the deuteron wave functions can be accurately computed from a three-body calculation. The nucleons are described by solutions of the Dirac equation with scalar and vector (S-V) potentials. The wave function of the outgoing proton is obtained by solving the Dirac equation with a S-V optical potential fitted to elastic proton scattering data on the residual nucleus. Within this theoretical framework, we compute the cross section of the reaction and other observables like the transverse-longitudinal asymmetry, and compare them with the available experimental data measured at JLab.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the 21st European Few Body Conference held in Salamanca (Spain) in August-September 2010
Ammonium Chloride Promoted Synthesis of β-Aminoketones
Creators: name: Waghmare, Smita R.
name: Deokate, Manisha D.
name: Lokhande, Pradeep D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Ammonium Chloride Promoted Synthesis of β-Aminoketones
Two-Timescale Learning Using Idiotypic Behaviour Mediation For A Navigating Mobile Robot
Creators: name: Whitbrook, Amanda
name: Aickelin, Uwe
name: Garibaldi, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A combined Short-Term Learning (STL) and Long-Term Learning (LTL) approach to solving mobile-robot navigation problems is presented and tested in both the real and virtual domains. The LTL phase consists of rapid simulations that use a Genetic Algorithm to derive diverse sets of behaviours, encoded as variable sets of attributes, and the STL phase is an idiotypic Artificial Immune System. Results from the LTL phase show that sets of behaviours develop very rapidly, and significantly greater diversity is obtained when multiple autonomous populations are used, rather than a single one. The architecture is assessed under various scenarios, including removal of the LTL phase and switching off the idiotypic mechanism in the STL phase. The comparisons provide substantial evidence that the best option is the inclusion of both the LTL phase and the idiotypic system. In addition, this paper shows that structurally different environments can be used for the two phases without compromising transferability.
description: 40 pages, 12 tables, Journal of Applied Soft Computing
Optical Trapping of a Polyatomic Molecule in an $\ell$-Type Parity Doublet State
Creators: name: Hallas, Christian
name: Vilas, Nathaniel B.
name: Anderegg, Loïc
name: Robichaud, Paige
name: Winnicki, Andrew
name: Zhang, Chaoqun
name: Cheng, Lan
name: Doyle, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report optical trapping of a polyatomic molecule, calcium monohydroxide (CaOH). CaOH molecules from a magneto-optical trap are sub-Doppler laser cooled to $20(3)~μ\text{K}$ in free space and loaded into an optical dipole trap. We attain an in-trap molecule number density of $3(1) \times 10^9~\text{cm}^{-3}$ at a temperature of $57(8)~μ$K. Trapped CaOH molecules are optically pumped into an excited vibrational bending mode, whose $\ell$-type parity doublet structure is a potential resource for a wide range of proposed quantum science applications with polyatomic molecules. We measure the spontaneous, radiative lifetime of this bending mode state to be $\sim$$0.7~\text{s}$.
Solvable toy model of negative energetic elasticity
Creators: name: Iwaki, Atsushi
name: Ozaki, Soshun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have established negative energetic elasticity, the negative contribution of energy to the elastic modulus, as a universal property of polymer gels. To reveal the microscopic origin of this phenomenon, Shirai and Sakumichi investigated a polymer model on a cubic lattice with the energy effect from the solvent in finite-size calculations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 148101 (2023)]. Motivated by this work, we provide a simple platform to study the elasticity of polymer chains by considering a one-dimensional random walk with the energy effect. This model can be mapped onto the classical Ising chain, leading to an exact form of the free energy in the thermodynamic or continuous limit. Our analytical results are qualitatively consistent with Shirai and Sakumichi's work. Our model serves as a fundamental benchmark for studying negative energetic elasticity.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Constraining Weil-Petersson volumes by universal random matrix correlations in low-dimensional quantum gravity
Creators: name: Weber, Torsten
name: Haneder, Fabian
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Urbina, Juan Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the discovery of the duality between Jackiw-Teitelboim quantum gravity and a double-scaled matrix ensemble by Saad, Shenker and Stanford in 2019, we show how consistency between the two theories in the universal Random Matrix Theory (RMT) limit imposes a set of constraints on the volumes of moduli spaces of Riemannian manifolds. These volumes are given in terms of polynomial functions, the Weil-Petersson volumes, solving a celebrated nonlinear recursion formula that is notoriously difficult to analyze. Since our results imply linear relations between the coefficients of the Weil-Petersson volumes, they therefore provide both a stringent test for their symbolic calculation and a possible way of simplifying their construction. In this way, we propose a long-term program to improve the understanding of mathematically hard aspects concerning moduli spaces of hyperbolic manifolds by using universal RMT results as input.
description: 25 pages, matches the published version, additional clarifications and comments added as well as appendices improving the level of self-containedness