cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Breaks in gamma-ray spectra of distant blazars and transparency of the Universe
Creators: name: Rubtsov, G. I.
name: Troitsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expected opacity of the intergalactic space limits the mean free path of TeV gamma rays to dozens of Megaparsecs. However, TeV photons from numerous more distant sources have been detected. This might be interpreted, in each particular case, in terms of hardening of the emitted spectrum caused by presently unknown mechanisms at work in the sources. Here we show that this interpretation is not supported by the analysis of the ensemble of all observed sources. In the frameworks of an infrared-background model with the lowest opacity, we reconstruct the emitted spectra of distant blazars and find that upward spectral breaks appear precisely at those energies where absorption effects are essential. Since these energies are very different for similar sources located at various distances, we conclude that the breaks are artefacts of the incorrect account of absorption and, therefore, the opacity of the Universe for gamma rays is overestimated even in the most conservative model. This implies that some novel physical or astrophysical phenomena should affect long-distance propagation of gamma rays. A scenario in which a part of energetic photons is converted to an inert new particle in the vicinity of the source and reconverts back close to the observer does not contradict to our results. [abridged]
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Limit theorems and statistical inference for Bessel and Dunkl processes
Creators: name: Hufnagel, Nicole
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multivariate Bessel process
subject: Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process
subject: Martingale estimator
subject: Gaussian quasi-likelihood
subject: Hausdorff dimension
subject: Hitting times
subject: 510
subject: Bessel-Prozess
subject: Sprung-Diffusionsmodell
subject: Parameterschätzung
subject: Martingal
subject: Hausdorff-Dimension

description: The starting point of this thesis is the estimation of the multiplicities of a Dunkl process. We note that a Dunkl process can be transformed into a Bessel process or Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process, respectively. We study estimators for these two processes, which we then apply to the Dunkl process. We present well-established methods for inference in cases where the likelihood function is unknown or too complicated. First, we concentrate on martingale estimators at low frequency data for the index parameter of a Bessel process and, as an extension, polynomial processes. Since these processes are non-ergodic and most results for inference are developed for stationary and ergodic diffusions, we transform them into processes with such properties by adding a mean reverting term. Taking a closer look at these estimators, we recognize that they depend only on a particular transformation of the data which is a realization of a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process. Therefore, in the remainder of the thesis we focus on estimators for the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process. For this, we apply the Gaussian quasi-likelihood method. In doing so, the density is approximated by the Gaussian density. Even if the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process has a non-central chi-squared density which is far from being Gaussian, this local approximation works well. We introduce a known preliminary estimator, then prove asymptotic normality for one-step improvements towards the Gaussian quasi-maximum likelihood estimator. We show that all these estimators for the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process are asymptotically equivalent to the Gaussian quasi-maximum likelihood estimator and compare them in a simulation study. A key difference of the martingale estimators and the estimators for the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process lies in their asymptotic behaviour. The Gaussian quasi-maximum likelihood estimators converge only when the underlying Bessel process never hits the origin whereas the martingale estimators converge even in these cases. Of particular interest are multivariate generalizations of these critical cases, where the boundary of the Weyl chamber is then considered instead of the origin. For our final result, we present the Hausdorff dimension of the times when a multivariate Bessel process hits the Weyl chamber's boundary.
The Importance of Boundary Conditions in Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: de la Madrid, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the role of boundary conditions in determining the physical content of the solutions of the Schrodinger equation. We study the standing-wave, the ``in,'' the ``out,'' and the purely outgoing boundary conditions. As well, we rephrase Feynman's $+i ε$ prescription as a time-asymmetric, causal boundary condition, and discuss the connection of Feynman's $+i ε$ prescription with the arrow of time of Quantum Electrodynamics. A parallel of this arrow of time with that of Classical Electrodynamics is made. We conclude that in general, the time evolution of a closed quantum system has indeed an arrow of time built into the propagators.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of the ICTP conference "Irreversible Quantum Dynamics," Trieste, Italy, July 2002
The Data-Production Dispositif
Creators: name: Miceli, Milagros
name: Posada, Julian
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::600 Technik::600 Technik, Technologie
subject: data production
subject: data work
subject: machine learning
subject: data labeling
subject: platform labor
subject: crowdsourcing

description: Machine learning (ML) depends on data to train and verify models. Very often, organizations outsource processes related to data work (i.e., generating and annotating data and evaluating outputs) through business process outsourcing (BPO) companies and crowdsourcing platforms. This paper investigates outsourced ML data work in Latin America by studying three platforms in Venezuela and a BPO in Argentina. We lean on the Foucauldian notion of dispositif to define the data-production dispositif as an ensemble of discourses, actions, and objects strategically disposed to (re)produce power/knowledge relations in data and labor. Our dispositif analysis comprises the examination of 210 data work instruction documents, 55 interviews with data workers, managers, and requesters, and participant observation. Our findings show that discourses encoded in instructions reproduce and normalize the worldviews of requesters. Precarious working conditions and economic dependency alienate workers, making them obedient to instructions. Furthermore, discourses and social contexts materialize in artifacts, such as interfaces and performance metrics, limiting workers' agency and normalizing specific ways of interpreting data. We conclude by stressing the importance of counteracting the data-production dispositif by fighting alienation and precarization, and empowering data workers to become assets in the quest for high-quality data.
title: Improving screening efficiency of chromosomal abnormalities and maternal high risk in first trimester: Contribution of ductus venosus and uterine artery doppler in addition to nuchal translucency and serum markers.
Creators: name: Radder, Nivedita
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Congenital

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: First trimester screening ( 11 to 14week) is now widely accepted as an important component of early screening for fetal chromosomal and structural defects and for preeclampsia involvingthe combination of maternal serum markers with maternal age and...
Interstellar and circumstellar fullerenes
Creators: name: Bernard-Salas, J.
name: Cami, J.
name: Jones, A. P.
name: Peeters, E.
name: Micelotta, E. R.
name: Otsuka, M.
name: Sloan, G. C.
name: Kemper, F.
name: Groenewegen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fullerenes are a particularly stable class of carbon molecules in the shape of a hollow sphere or ellipsoid that might be formed in the outflows of carbon stars. Once injected into the interstellar medium (ISM), these stable species survive and are thus likely to be widespread in the Galaxy where they contribute to interstellar extinction, heating processes, and complex chemical reactions. In recent years, the fullerene species C60 (and to a lesser extent C70) have been detected in a wide variety of circumstellar and interstellar environments showing that when conditions are favourable, fullerenes are formed efficiently. Fullerenes are the first and only large aromatics firmly identified in space. The detection of fullerenes is thus crucial to provide clues as to the key chemical pathways leading to the formation of large complex organic molecules in space, and offers a great diagnostic tool to describe the environment in which they reside. Since fullerenes share many physical properties with PAHs, understanding how fullerenes form, evolve and respond to their physical environment will yield important insights into one of the largest reservoirs of organic material in space. In spite of all these detections, many questions remain about precisely which members of the fullerene family are present in space, how they form and evolve, and what their excitation mechanism is. We present here an overview of what we know from astronomical observations of fullerenes in these different environments, and discuss current thinking about the excitation process. We highlight the various formation mechanisms that have been proposed, discuss the physical conditions conducive to the formation and/or detection of fullerenes in carbon stars, and their possible connection to PAHs, HACs and other dust features.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of "The Life Cycle of Dust in the Universe: Observations, Theory, and laboratory Experiments". Taipei, Taiwan 18-22 November 2013. Editors: A. Andersen, M. Baes, H. Gomez, C. Kemper, D. Watson
A value based approach to modern architectural heritage in Cyprus: Schools in Larnaka, 1945-1963
Creators: name: Siandou, Emilia
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: Cyprus, the easternmost island of the Mediterranean, is faced with the challenge of addressing the heritage assets of its modern architectural heritage. Emerging scholarship has indicated the wealth and the complexity of modern architecture in Cyprus as heritage. Nevertheless, modern architecture in Cyprus, developed during the most turbulent periods of the twentieth century in the island, has been linked with processes of colonialism and post-colonialism, independence, nation-building and conflict. Hence, by being explicitly involved in identity politics and conflict modern architecture in Cyprus constitutes contested heritage. In this context the mobilisation of modern architecture in Cyprus as heritage in favour of the construction of a peaceful and democratic society presents many challenges. Over the last twenty years, the concept of heritage has gradually expanded to encompass a wide typological range of objects, as well as a wide range of time periods. At the same time, more and more disciplines have been involved in the study, safeguarding, promotion and management of heritage. Furthermore, as the participation and access to heritage is now recognised as a human right, the heritage processes involve more stakeholders, including groups which value the heritage object in different ways. These are some of the fundamental changes that characterise a ‘new paradigm’ in the heritage field. In light of this ‘new paradigm’ the consideration of heritage values has gradually shifted from the periphery to the epicentre of conservation theory and practice. As heritage has been increasingly accepted as the source of important benefits to society the need to protect more complex layers of our heritage and to mobilise them in favour of sustainable development is today more urgent than ever. This thesis argues that value-based approaches present opportunities for addressing complex heritage questions and mobilising heritage towards sustainable development in conflict-affected contexts. The heritage values of the modern architectural heritage of Cyprus, as well as the opportunities in the value-based approaches are addressed through the examination of the case study of post-WWII schools built in the city of Larnaka, Cyprus between 1945-1963.
A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial for PSA Screening Decision Support Interventions in Two Primary Care Settings
Creators: name: Knowles, Sarah B.
name: Lewis, Carmen L.
name: Pignone, Michael P.
name: Nielsen, Matthew E.
name: Frosch, Dominick L.
name: Tai-Seale, Ming
name: Huang, Qiwen
name: Adams, Jared
name: Walter, Louise C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BACKGROUND Decision support interventions (DESIs) provide a mechanism to translate comparative effectiveness research results into clinical care so that patients are able to make informed decisions. Patient decision support interventions for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) have been shown to promote informed decision making and reduce PSA testing in efficacy trials, but their impact in real world settings is not clear. OBJECTIVE We performed an effectiveness trial of PSA decision support interventions in primary care. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial of three distribution strategies was compared to a control. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 2,550 men eligible for PSA testing (76.6 % of the eligible population) and 2001 survey respondents (60.1 % survey response rate). INTERVENTIONS The intervention groups were: 1) mailed the DESI in DVD format, 2) offered a shared medical appointment (SMA) to view the DESI with other men and discuss, and 3) both options. MAIN MEASURES We measured PSA testing identified via electronic medical record at 12 months and DESI use by self-report 4 months after the intervention mailing. KEY RESULTS We found no differences in PSA testing across the three distribution strategies over a year-long follow-up period: 21 %, 24 %, 22 % in the DESI, SMA, and combined group respectively, compared to 21 % in the control group (p = 0.51). Self-reported DESI use was low across all strategies at 4 months: 16 % in the mailed DESI group, 6 % in the SMA group, and 15 % in the combined group (p = < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Mailing PSA decision support interventions or inviting men to shared medical appointments unrelated to a primary care office visit do not appear to promote informed decision making, or change PSA testing behavior.
Museums for all: towards engaging, memorable museum experiences through inclusive audio description
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: Museums seek to offer their visitors a rich and rewarding experience that is accessible and inclusive. Many museums rely on vision as a means of access to collections. Yet having vision does not necessarily mean that visitors are able to engage with exhibits. Audio Description (AD) has traditionally been defined as an access tool for people who are blind or partially sighted (BPS), which seeks to make visual information accessible though spoken language. However, AD could simultaneously provide ‘guided looking’ for people with sight. This interdisciplinary thesis sets out the first empirical investigation of AD in museums and its potential as inclusive design. Study 1 examines current understandings of museum AD, through an international practitioner survey. It reveals disagreement regarding whether AD should aspire to be an objective visual-verbal ‘translation’ or whether it should incorporate interpretative techniques in order to provide a rich experience. Study 2 explores the nature of the museum experience by analysing autobiographical memories for museum visits, demonstrating the importance of thoughts, feelings and personal context in museum memories and demonstrating an autobiographical memory coding model. Study 3 investigates the impact of AD on the experience, engagement and memorability of sighted participants, with AD resulting in richer memories compared to standard audio guides or minimal text interpretation. Study 4 compares sound enriched and standard AD on the experience, engagement and memorability of blind and sighted people, finding experience benefits for all and memorability benefits for BPS people. This research therefore concludes that AD should be taken out of its access ‘niche’ and considered as an inclusive interpretation tool to enhance engagement and access for all visitors. It argues further that the development of inclusive museum AD should be driven by a fuller understanding of the nature of the museum experience and its lasting impact.
Anopheles maculipalpis Giles.
Creators: name: F. W. Edwards
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1920
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae
Anopheles
Anopheles maculipalpis

description:  Anopheles maculipalpis, Giles. Occurs rarely in Mauritius (d'Emmerez de Charmoy).
description: Published as part of F. W. Edwards, 1920, Bulletin of Entomological Research, pp. 133-138 in Bulletin of Entomological Research 11 (2) on page 3, DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300044539, http://zenodo.org/record/163545
Adult Patients’ Perspectives on the Benefits and Harms of Overused Screening Tests: a Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Sutkowi-Hemstreet, Anne
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Vu, Maihan
name: Sheridan, Stacey L.
name: Harris, Russell
name: Dolor, Rowena J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in reducing the overuse of healthcare services. However, little is known about how patients conceptualize the benefits and harms of overused screening tests or how patients make decisions regarding these tests.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how patients think about the harms and benefits of overused screening tests and how they consider these and other factors when making decisions.

DESIGN: Semi-structured, qualitative interviews.

PARTICIPANTS: The study comprised 50 patients, ages 50-84, who had previously received or not received any of four overused screening services: 1) prostate cancer screening (men ages 50-69), 2) colon cancer screening (men and women ages 76-85), 3) osteoporosis screening (low-risk women ages 50-64), or 4) cardiovascular disease screening (low-risk men and women ages 50-85).

APPROACH: We conducted a thematic analysis, using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach. Two independent coders analyzed interview transcriptions to identify themes and exemplifying quotes.

KEY RESULTS: Many patients could not name a harm of screening. When they did name harms, patients often focused on only the harms of the screening test itself and rarely mentioned harms further along the screening cascade (e.g., from follow-up testing and treatment). In contrast, patients could easily name benefits of screening, although many seemed to misunderstand or overestimate the magnitude of the benefits. Furthermore, patients described many additional factors they considered when making screening decisions, including their clinicians' recommendations, their age, family or friends' experiences with disease, and insurance coverage.

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need to help adults recognize and understand the benefits and harms of screening and make appropriate decisions about overused screening tests.
title: The Polytraumatized Patient: How to Make a Good Report
Creators: name: Finol, Guido
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Emergency
subject: Trauma
subject: CT
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: -Primary and secondary radiological evaluation of polytrauma patients. -To report those findings that represent an urgent vital risk. -To provide a reading system that helps the elaboration of an adequate...
O Indicador de Aprendizagem Learning Vectors ComoInstrumento Automatizado de Avaliação para Suporte a Aprendizagem em EaD
Creators: name: Sales, Gilvandenys Leite
name: Cordeiro Barroso, Giovanni
name: Marques Soares, José
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390402
subject: Education assessment and evaluation

description: Este artigo propõe um instrumento de avaliação para ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, em que o uso de vetores e suas características (intensidade e direção) procuram estabelecer juízo de valor às atividades desenvolvidas em suas ferramentas de interação, tais como: Fóruns, Chats e Portfólio. Pretende-se com este instrumento ampliar as possibilidades de conotação qualitativa a ser dada à avaliação em educação a distância.
Different Measures, Different Outcomes? A Systematic Review of Performance-Based versus Self-Reported Measures of Health Literacy and Numeracy
Creators: name: Sheridan, Stacey L.
name: Hedlund, Laurie A.
name: Viera, Anthony J.
name: Bailey, Stacy Cooper
name: Kiechle, Eric S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BACKGROUND Health literacy (HL) and numeracy are measured by one of two methods: performance on objective tests or self-report of one’s skills. Whether results from these methods differ in their relationship to health outcomes or use of health services is unknown. METHODS We performed a systematic review to identify and evaluate articles that measured both performance-based and self-reported HL or numeracy and examined their relationship to health outcomes or health service use. To identify studies, we started with an AHRQ-funded systematic review of HL and health outcomes. We then looked for newer studies by searching MEDLINE from 1 February 2010 to 9 December 2014. We included English language studies meeting pre-specified criteria. Two reviewers independently assessed abstracts and studies for inclusion and graded study quality. One reviewer abstracted information from included studies while a second checked content for accuracy. RESULTS We identified four “fair” quality studies that met inclusion criteria for our review. Two studies measuring HL found no differences between performance-based and self-reported HL for association with self-reported outcomes (including diabetes, stroke, hypertension) or a physician-completed rheumatoid arthritis disease activity score. However, HL measures were differentially related to a patient-completed health assessment questionnaire and to a patient’s ability to interpret their prescription medication name and dose from a medication bottle. Only one study measured numeracy and found no difference between performance-based and self-reported measures of numeracy and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening utilization. However, in a moderator analysis from the same study, performance-based and self-reported numeracy were differentially related to CRC screening utilization when stratified by certain patient–provider communication behaviors (e.g., the chance to always ask questions and get the support that is needed). DISCUSSION Most studies found no difference in the relationship between results of performance-based and self-reported measures and outcomes. However, we identified few studies using multiple instruments and/or objective outcomes.
Orientation preserving maps of the n × n grid
Creators: name: Bárány, Imre
name: Pór, Attila
name: Valtr, Pavel
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2022

description: For a finite set $A\subset \mathbb{R}^2$, a map $\varphi: A \to \mathbb{R}^2$ is orientation preserving if for every non-collinear triple $u,v,w \in A$ the orientation of the triangle $u,v,w$ is the same as that of the triangle $\varphi(u),\varphi(v),\varphi(w)$. We prove that for every $n \in \mathbb{N}$ and for every $\varepsilon>0$ there is $N=N(n,\varepsilon)\in \mathbb{N}$ such that the following holds. Assume that $\varphi :G(N)\to \mathbb{R}^2$ is an orientation preserving map where $G(N)$ is the grid $\{(i,j)\in \mathbb{Z}: -N \le i,j\le N\}$. Then there is an affine transformation $\psi :\mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ and $z_0 \in \mathbb{Z}$ such that $z_0+G(n)\subset G(N)$ and $\|\psi \circ \varphi (z)-z\|<\varepsilon$ for every $z \in z_0+G(n)$. This result was previously proved in a completely different way by Nešetřil and Valtr, without obtaining any bound on $N$. Our proof gives $N(n,\varepsilon)=O(n^4\varepsilon^{-2})$.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 13 No. 2: Special Issue of Selected Papers from SoCG 2021
Discrimination in Healthcare Settings is Associated with Disability in Older Adults: Health and Retirement Study, 2008–2012
Creators: name: Boscardin, W. John
name: Miao, Yinghui
name: Thrasher, Angela D.
name: Smith, Alexander K.
name: Rogers, Stephanie E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BACKGROUNDAs our society ages, improving medical care for an older population will be crucial. Discrimination in healthcare may contribute to substandard experiences with the healthcare system, increasing the burden of poor health in older adults. Few studies have focused on the presence of healthcare discrimination and its effects on older adults.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to examine the relationship between healthcare discrimination and new or worsened disability.DESIGNThis was a longitudinal analysis of data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study administered in 2008 with follow-up through 2012.PARTICIPANTSSix thousand and seventeen adults over the age of 50 years (mean age 67years, 56.3% female, 83.1% white) were included in this study.MAIN MEASURESHealthcare discrimination assessed by a 2008 report of receiving poorer service or treatment than other people by doctors or hospitals (never, less than a year=infrequent; more than once a year=frequent). Outcome was self-report of new or worsened disability by 2012 (difficulty or dependence in any of six activities of daily living). We used a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, net worth, education, depression, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, lung disease, heart disease, stroke, and healthcare utilization in the past 2years.KEY RESULTSIn all, 12.6 % experienced discrimination infrequently and 5.9% frequently. Almost one-third of participants (29%) reporting frequent healthcare discrimination developed new or worsened disability over 4years, compared to 16.8% of those who infrequently and 14.7% of those who never experienced healthcare discrimination (p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, compared to no discrimination, frequent healthcare discrimination was associated with new or worsened disability over 4years (aHR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.16–2.27).CONCLUSIONSOne out of five adults over the age of 50 years experiences discrimination in healthcare settings. One in 17 experience frequent healthcare discrimination, and this is associated with new or worsened disability by 4years. Future research should focus on the mechanisms by which healthcare discrimination influences disability in older adults to promote better health outcomes for an aging population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11606-015-3233-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The Psychological Harms of Screening: the Evidence We Have Versus the Evidence We Need
Creators: name: Rearick, William
name: Moon, Andrew M.
name: DeFrank, Jessica T.
name: Gilliam, Meredith
name: Sheridan, Stacey
name: Ziemer, Carolyn
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Barclay, Colleen
name: Harris, Russell
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews for the US Preventive Services Task Force have found less high-quality evidence on psychological than physical harms of screening. To understand the extent of evidence on psychological harms, we developed an evidence map that quantifies the distribution of evidence on psychological harms for five adult screening services. We also note gaps in the literature and make recommendations for future research.

METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL from 2002 to 2012 for studies of any research design that assessed the burden or frequency of psychological harm associated with screening for: prostate and lung cancers, osteoporosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and carotid artery stenosis (CAS). We also searched for studies that estimated rates of overdiagnosis (a marker for unnecessary labeling). We included studies published in English and used dual independent review to determine study inclusion and to abstract information on design, types of measures, and outcomes assessed.

RESULTS: Sixty-eight studies assessing psychological harms met our criteria; 62 % concerned prostate cancer and 16 % concerned lung cancer. Evidence was scant for the other three screening services. Overall, only about one-third of the studies used both longitudinal designs and condition-specific measures (ranging from 0 % for AAA and CAS to 78 % for lung cancer), which can provide the best evidence on harms. An additional 20 studies that met our criteria estimated rates of overdiagnosis in lung or prostate cancer. No studies estimated overdiagnosis for the non-cancer screening services.

DISCUSSION: Evidence on psychological harms varied markedly across screening services in number and potential usefulness. We found important evidence gaps for all five screening services. The evidence that we have on psychological harms is inadequate in number of studies and in research design and measures. Future research should focus more clearly on the evidence that we need for decision making about screening.
On Some Models in Linear Thermo-Elasticity with Rational Material Laws
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Santwana
name: Picard, Rainer
name: Trostorff, Sascha
name: Waurick, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We shall consider some common models in linear thermo-elasticity within a common structural framework. Due to the flexibility of the structural perspective we will obtain well-posedness results for a large class of generalized models allowing for more general material properties such as anisotropies, inhomogeneities, etc.
description: 21 pages
Subject to Change: Democracy, Disidentification, and the Digital
Creators: name: Asenbaum, Hans
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: Radical democratic politics in the digital age is characterized by the widespread emergence of participatory spaces generated by state actors and social movements. These new formats of citizen engagement are situated in the context of social inequalities and discrimination of marginalized identities. To counter this problem, feminist debates in democratic theory associated with the term “difference democracy” advocate a politics of presence through physically embodied representation of marginalized groups, providing visibility in the space of appearance. This strategy, however, entails essentializing tendencies as subjects are judged by their physical appearance rather than the content they utter, a problem described as the “dilemma of difference”. This thesis seeks ways out of the dilemma of difference by advancing both freedom and equality in participatory spaces. It explores the relations of freedom and equality that are described as competing values in the democratic paradox. To make the freedom to explore the multiple self compatible with the equality facilitated through the presence of the marginalized, the thesis engages with a range of radical democratic perspectives. To the established participatory, deliberative, and agonistic approaches it adds feminist and transformative perspectives. On these grounds, it develops the concept of a politics of becoming, which is seen as part of a progressive strategy of systemic transformation. Inspired by queer and gender theory, the politics of becoming reinterprets presence as the performative act of self-constitution. To enlarge the free spaces of the subject to change, the thesis suggests radical democratic practices of disidentification through anonymity that affords the opportunity to reject hegemonic identity interpellations and contributes to a democratization of self-constitution. Drawing on new materialist thought allows for an interpretation of both spatial configurations and the subject as agentic assemblages. Anonymity and other modes of disidentification enable an interruption of such assemblages and reassemble spaces and the self. Digital means of communication provide new affordances for identity expressions. The emerging cyborgian subjects reassemble identity and reconfigure the space of appearance. This results in a new politics of presence that expresses embodied difference but still provides freedom for the subject to change.
title: Prawo wywłaszczeniowe w świetle poglądów Tadeusza Bigi
Creators: name: Błażewski, Maciej
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2020

description: Badania nad wywłaszczeniem były prowadzone od XIX wieku. Poglądy nauki prawa były z zasady stałe, z wyjątkiem okresu PRL-u. Poglądy T. Bigi były częścią głównego nurtu nauki prawa.
title: Reducing nosocomial infections in ultrasound - cleaning ultrasound transducers
Creators: name: Enevoldsen, Sidse
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Equipment
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound physics
subject: Radiographers
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Seven to ten procent of patients in Denmark incur a nosocomial infection. It is assumed that there can be a high risk of nosocomial infections at an ultrasound examination, due to the direct contact between the patient skin and the ultrasound...
title: Ultrasound features of Plantar Fasciitis
Creators: name: Van Midden, Mojca
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The learning goal of the poster is to define the ultrasound features of plantar fasciitis which is the common cause of pain and discomfort in the heelof runners and...
How Parents Search, Interpret, and Evaluate Genetic Information Obtained from the Internet
Creators: name: Skinner, Debra
name: Roche, Myra I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This study describes how parents of a child referred for genetic services searched the Internet for information, summarizes how they interpreted and evaluated the information they obtained, and identifies barriers that they encountered. Audio-taped interviews were conducted with 100 ethnically diverse families referred to a pediatric genetics clinic. After transcription, coded text was entered into a software program (QSR N6) for searching and data retrieval. Matrices were created to systematically categorize and compare families’ Internet use. Eighty-three percent of families obtained Internet information about the diagnosis, the clinic visit, and/or treatment and services. Those not conducting searches lacked access, Internet experience, or a diagnostic term and had lower incomes and less education, regardless of ethnicity. Families sought information in preparation for the clinic visit but barriers to obtaining and interpreting relevant information were common. Parents’ Internet searching experiences illustrate common barriers to obtaining and understanding genetic information. Identifying them can help genetic counselors facilitate parents’ searches for relevant information.
The Capparis spinosa var. herbacea genome provides the first genomic instrument for diversity and evolution study of Capparaceae family
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Fan, Liqiang
name: Zhao, Zhenyong
name: Zhang, Zhibin
name: Jiang, Li
name: Chai, Mao
name: Tian, Changyan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 70501 Agroforestry
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Capparis spinosa L. is a xerophytic shrub that is well adapted to drought and has promising potential for significant adaptation to harsh environments. Here, we sequenced and assembled the C. spinosa reference genome using the combination of PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C data.
Low-Resource Automatic Speech Recognition Domain Adaptation: A Case-Study in Aviation Maintenance
Creators: name: Amin, Nadine Amr Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460212
subject: Speech recognition

description: With timeliness and efficiency being critical in the aviation maintenance industry, the need has been growing for smart technological solutions that help in optimizing and streamlining the different underlying tasks. One such task is the technical documentation of the performed maintenance operations. Instead of paper-based documentation, voice tools that transcribe spoken logbook entries allow technicians to document their work right away in a hands-free and time efficient manner. However, an accurate automatic speech recognition (ASR) model requires large training corpora, which are lacking in the domain of aviation maintenance. In addition, ASR models which are trained on huge corpora in standard English perform poorly in such a technical domain with non-standard terminology. Hence, this thesis investigates the extent to which fine-tuning an ASR model, pre-trained on standard English corpora, on limited in-domain data improves its recognition performance in the technical domain of aviation maintenance. The thesis presents a case study on one such pre-trained ASR model, wav2vec 2.0. Results show that fine-tuning the model on a limited anonymized dataset of maintenance logbook entries brings about a significant reduction in its error rates when tested on not only an anonymized in-domain dataset, but also a non-anonymized one. This suggests that any available aviation maintenance logbooks, even if anonymized for privacy, can be used to fine-tune general-purpose ASR models and enhance their in-domain performance. Lastly, an analysis on the influence of voice characteristics on model performance stresses the need for balanced datasets representative of the population of aviation maintenance technicians.
title: Noninvasive evaluation of renal oxygenation in primary nephrotic syndrome with Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent MR imaging: initial experience
Creators: name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Kidney
subject: MR
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Physics
subject: Pathology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the renal oxygenation in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) using Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) MRI and test thehypothesis that renal tissueoxygenation(determined by BOLD)correlates with renal...
Hard-body models of bulk liquid crystals
Creators: name: Mederos, Luis
name: Velasco, Enrique
name: Martinez-Raton, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hard models for particle interactions have played a crucial role in the understanding of the structure of condensed matter. In particular, they help to explain the formation of oriented phases in liquids made of anisotropic molecules or colloidal particles, and continue to be of great interest in the formulation of theories for liquids in bulk, near interfaces and in biophysical environments. Hard models of anisotropic particles give rise to complex phase diagrams, including uniaxial and biaxial nematic phases, discotic phases, and spatially ordered phases such as smectic, columnar or crystal. Also, their mixtures exhibit additional interesting behaviours where demixing competes with orientational order. Here we review the different models of hard particles used in the theory of bulk anisotropic liquids, leaving aside interfacial properties, and discuss the associated theoretical approaches and computer simulations, focusing on applications in equilibrium situations. The latter include one-component bulk fluids, mixtures and polydisperse fluids, both in two and three dimensions, and emphasis is put on liquid-crystal phase transitions and complex phase behaviour in general.
description: Accepted for publication in J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 150 pages (preprint), 44 figures
International Scientific Collaboration of China: Collaborating Countries, Institutions and Individuals
Creators: name: Wang, Xianwen
name: Xu, Shenmeng
name: Wang, Zhi
name: Peng, Lian
name: Wang, Chuanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using bibliometric methods, we investigate China's international scientific collaboration from 3 levels of collaborating countries, institutions and individuals. We design a database in SQL Server, and make analysis of Chinese SCI papers based on the corresponding author field. We find that China's international scientific collaboration is focused on a handful of countries. Nearly 95% international co-authored papers are collaborated with only 20 countries, among which the USA account for more than 40% of all. Results also show that Chinese lineage in the international co-authorship is obvious, which means Chinese immigrant scientists are playing an important role in China's international scientific collaboration, especially in English-speaking countries.
description: 11 pages,3 figures
title: Role of shear wave elastography in prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer
Creators: name: Sandhu, Manavjit
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Cancer
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Elastography
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Purpose: Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC) is a subgroup of breast cancer which incorporates large tumours and tumours that have infiltrated the skin and chest wall.Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy has recently become the standard treatment protocol...
An Energy Aware and Secure MAC Protocol for Tackling Denial of Sleep Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Udoh, Ekereuke
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: Wireless sensor networks which form part of the core for the Internet of Things consist of resource constrained sensors that are usually powered by batteries. Therefore, careful energy awareness is essential when working with these devices. Indeed,the introduction of security techniques such as authentication and encryption, to ensure confidentiality and integrity of data, can place higher energy load on the sensors. However, the absence of security protection c ould give room for energy drain attacks such as denial of sleep attacks which have a higher negative impact on the life span ( of the sensors than the presence of security features. This thesis, therefore, focuses on tackling denial of sleep attacks from two perspectives A security perspective and an energy efficiency perspective. The security perspective involves evaluating and ranking a number of security based techniques to curbing denial of sleep attacks. The energy efficiency perspective, on the other hand, involves exploring duty cycling and simulating three Media Access Control ( protocols Sensor MAC, Timeout MAC andTunableMAC under different network sizes and measuring different parameters such as the Received Signal Strength RSSI) and Link Quality Indicator ( Transmit power, throughput and energy efficiency Duty cycling happens to be one of the major techniques for conserving energy in wireless sensor networks and this research aims to answer questions with regards to the effect of duty cycles on the energy efficiency as well as the throughput of three duty cycle protocols Sensor MAC ( Timeout MAC ( and TunableMAC in addition to creating a novel MAC protocol that is also more resilient to denial of sleep a ttacks than existing protocols. The main contributions to knowledge from this thesis are the developed framework used for evaluation of existing denial of sleep attack solutions and the algorithms which fuel the other contribution to knowledge a newly developed protocol tested on the Castalia Simulator on the OMNET++ platform. The new protocol has been compared with existing protocols and has been found to have significant improvement in energy efficiency and also better resilience to denial of sleep at tacks Part of this research has been published Two conference publications in IEEE Explore and one workshop paper.