cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observational Constraints on Black Hole Spin
Creators: name: Reynolds, Christopher S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin of a black hole is an important quantity to study, providing a window into the processes by which a black hole was born and grew. Further, spin can be a potent energy source for powering relativistic jets and energetic particle acceleration. In this review, I describe the techniques currently used to detect and measure the spins of black holes. It is shown that: (1) Two well understood techniques, X-ray reflection spectroscopy and thermal continuum fitting, can be used to measure the spins of black holes that are accreting at moderate rates. There is a rich set of other electromagnetic techniques allowing us to extend spin measurements to lower accretion rates. (2) Many accreting supermassive black holes are found to be rapidly-spinning, although a population of more slowly spinning black holes emerges at masses above $M>3\times 10^7\,M_\odot$ as expected from recent structure formation models. (3) Many accreting stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binary systems are rapidly spinning and must have been born in this state. (4) The advent of gravitational wave astronomy has enabled the detection of spin effects in merging binary black holes. Most of the pre-merger black holes are found to be slowly spinning, a notable exception being an object that may itself be a merger product. (5) The stark difference in spins between the black hole X-ray binary and the binary black hole populations shows that there is a diversity of formation mechanisms. Given the array of new electromagnetic and gravitational wave capabilities currently being planned, the future of black hole spin studies is bright.
description: 42 pages, 6 figures. Invited review to be published in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Jet deceleration: the case of PKS 1136-135
Creators: name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Maraschi, L.
name: Sambruna, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling the multiwavelength emission of successive regions in the jet of the quasar PKS 1136-135 we find indication that the jet suffers deceleration near its end. Adopting a continuous flow approximation we discuss the possibility that the inferred deceleration is induced by entrainment of external gas.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the conference "Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology - Einstein's Legacy-", November 7-11 2005, Munich, Germany
Эффективность выращивания крупного рогатого скота Абердин-ангусской и галловейской пород
Creators: name: Санова З. С.
Publisher: name: Эффективное животноводство
Year: 2021
Subjects: мясные породы
коровы
возраст
живая масса
молочность
прирост живой массы
meat breeds
cows
age
live weight
milk content
live weight gain

description: Проведен краткий анализ мясных животных по породности, классности, живой массе, возрасту и молочности. Отмечено, в абердин-ангусской породе наибольший удельный вес коров 37,4 % в возрасте 8 и более лет, в галловейской – 59,5% коров в возрасте шести и более лет. Коровы галловейской породы отличаются большей молочностью, по сравнению с коровами абердин-ангусской. Так живая масса телят при отъеме в возрасте 7-8 месяцев в галловейской породе составила 245 кг, абердинангусской 215 кг. Чем выше среднесуточный прирост живой массы скота, тем ниже при прочих равных условиях себестоимость 1 ц прироста. Показано, что экономически целесообразней разводить абердин-ангусский скот.
description: A brief analysis of meat animals by breed, class, live weight, age and milk content is carried out. It is noted that in the Aberdeen-Angus breed, the highest proportion of cows is 37.4% aged 8 years and more, in the Galloway breed-59.5% of cows aged six years and more. Galloway cows are more milk-producing than Aberdeen-Angus cows. So the live weight of calves at weaning at the age of 7-8 months in the Galloway breed was 245 kg, Aberdeen – Angus 215 kg. The higher the average daily increase in live weight of livestock, the lower, all other things being equal, the cost of 1 cent of the increase. It is shown that it is economically more expedient to breed Aberdeen-Angus cattle.
Analysis of Strong-Coupling Parameters for Superfluid 3He
Creators: name: Choi, H.
name: Davis, J. P.
name: Pollanen, J.
name: Haard, T. M.
name: Halperin, W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superfluid $^{3}$He experiments show strong deviation from the weak-coupling limit of the Ginzburg-Landau theory, and this discrepancy grows with increasing pressure. Strong-coupling contributions to the quasiparticle interactions are known to account for this effect and they are manifest in the five $β$-coefficients of the fourth order Ginzburg-Landau free energy terms. The Ginzburg-Landau free energy also has a coefficient $g_{z}$ to include magnetic field coupling to the order parameter. From NMR susceptibility experiments, we find the deviation of $g_{z}$ from its weak-coupling value to be negligible at all pressures. New results for the pressure dependence of four different combinations of $β$-coefficients, $β$_{345}, $β$_{12}, $β$_{245}, and $β$_{5} are calculated and comparison is made with theory.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Manuscript prepared for QFS2006
A connection between the pattern classification problem and the General Linear Model for statistical inference
Creators: name: Gorriz, Juan Manuel
name: group, SIPBA
name: Suckling, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A connection between the General Linear Model (GLM) in combination with classical statistical inference and the machine learning (MLE)-based inference is described in this paper. Firstly, the estimation of the GLM parameters is expressed as a Linear Regression Model (LRM) of an indicator matrix, that is, in terms of the inverse problem of regressing the observations. In other words, both approaches, i.e. GLM and LRM, apply to different domains, the observation and the label domains, and are linked by a normalization value at the least-squares solution. Subsequently, from this relationship we derive a statistical test based on a more refined predictive algorithm, i.e. the (non)linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) that maximizes the class margin of separation, within a permutation analysis. The MLE-based inference employs a residual score and includes the upper bound to compute a better estimation of the actual (real) error. Experimental results demonstrate how the parameter estimations derived from each model resulted in different classification performances in the equivalent inverse problem. Moreover, using real data the aforementioned predictive algorithms within permutation tests, including such model-free estimators, are able to provide a good trade-off between type I error and statistical power.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures
Адсорбенты микотоксинов и продуктивность коров
Creators: name: Бетин А. Н.
name: Фролов А. И.
Publisher: name: Эффективное животноводство
Year: 2021
Subjects: адсорбенты
продуктивность
качество молока
биохимия крови
эффективность
аdsorbents
productivity
milk quality
blood biochemistry
efficiency

description: Применение адсорбентов улучшило показатели общего белка, глюкозы, мочевины, макрои микроэлементов, кальция, фосфора, цинка, меди, витаминов А и Е. По молочной продуктивности и содержанию жира и белка в молоке, а также экономической эффективности лучшее влияние показал Новазил
description: The use of adsorbents improved the indicators of total protein, glucose, urea, macro-and microelements, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, vitamins A and E. In terms of milk productivity and fat and protein content in milk, as well as economic efficiency, Novazil Plus showed the best effect compared to other adsorbents Keyword: аdsorbents; productivity;
Simulations of Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversions with Interactions in Inhomogeneous Media
Creators: name: Sigl, Guenter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate toy models for spatial and temporal instabilities in collective neutrino oscillations induced by neutrino self-interactions, with special emphasis on inhomogeneous systems with densities following a profile. Simulations are based on a mathematica program that solves the Liouville equation with or without vacuum terms, refractive terms from a background medium, and neutrino-neutrino forward scattering, in one space dimension and in time. A discrete number of momentum modes are characterized by the neutrino velocity projection on the spatial direction. We also consider the effects of charged current interaction source terms and neutral current scattering contributions. We find that refractive effects from the medium, in particular for density distributions with a profile, and neutral current non-forward scattering off the background medium can strongly influence fast collective flavor transformations. Specifically we find that if both are present, fast flavor conversions can be strongly suppressed or at least delayed.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures consisting of 37 pdf files in total; additional references and small updates
On the Parameterized Complexity of Synthesizing Boolean Petri Nets With Restricted Dependency
Creators: name: Tredup, Ronny
name: Erofeev, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modeling of real-world systems with Petri nets allows to benefit from their generic concepts of parallelism, synchronisation and conflict, and obtain a concise yet expressive system representation. Algorithms for synthesis of a net from a sequential specification enable the well-developed theory of Petri nets to be applied for the system analysis through a net model. The problem of $τ$-synthesis consists in deciding whether a given directed labeled graph $A$ is isomorphic to the reachability graph of a Boolean Petri net $N$ of type $τ$. In case of a positive decision, $N$ should be constructed. For many Boolean types of nets, the problem is NP-complete. This paper deals with a special variant of $τ$-synthesis that imposes restrictions for the target net $N$: we investigate dependency $d$-restricted tau-synthesis (DR$τ$S) where each place of $N$ can influence and be influenced by at most d transitions. For a type $τ$, if tau-synthesis is NP-complete then DR$τ$S is also NP-complete. In this paper, we show that DR$τ$S parameterized by $d$ is in XP. Furthermore, we prove that it is W[2]-hard, for many Boolean types that allow unconditional interactions set and reset.
description: In Proceedings ICE 2020, arXiv:2009.07628. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2007.12372
No umbrella needed: Confronting the hypothesis of iron rain on WASP-76b with post-processed general circulation models
Creators: name: Savel, Arjun B.
name: Kempton, Eliza M. -R.
name: Malik, Matej
name: Komacek, Thaddeus D.
name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: May, Erin M.
name: Stevenson, Kevin B.
name: Mansfield, Megan
name: Rauscher, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution spectra are unique indicators of three-dimensional processes in exoplanetary atmospheres. For instance, in 2020, Ehrenreich et al. reported transmission spectra from the ESPRESSO spectrograph yielding an anomalously large Doppler blueshift from the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76b. Interpretations of these observations invoke toy model depictions of gas-phase iron condensation in lower-temperature regions of the planet's atmosphere. In this work, we forward model the atmosphere of WASP-76b with double-gray general circulation models (GCMs) and ray-striking radiative transfer to diagnose the planet's high-resolution transmission spectrum. We confirm that a physical mechanism driving strong east-west asymmetries across the terminator must exist to reproduce large Doppler blueshifts in WASP-76b's transmission spectrum. We identify low atmospheric drag and a deep radiative-convective boundary as necessary components of our GCM to produce this asymmetry (the latter is consistent with existing Spitzer phase curves). However, we cannot reproduce either the magnitude or the time-dependence of the WASP-76b Doppler signature with gas-phase iron condensation alone. Instead, we find that high-altitude, optically thick clouds composed of $\rm Al_2O_3$, Fe, or $\rm Mg_2SiO_4$ provide reasonable fits to the Ehrenreich et al. observations -- with marginal contributions from condensation. This fit is further improved by allowing a small orbital eccentricity ($e \approx 0.017$), consistent with prior WASP-76b orbital constraints. We additionally validate our forward-modeled spectra by reproducing lines of nearly all species detected in WASP-76b by Tabernero et al. 2021. Our procedure's success in diagnosing phase-resolved Doppler shifts demonstrates the benefits of physical, self-consistent, three-dimensional simulations in modeling high-resolution spectra of exoplanet atmospheres.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Local self-interaction correction method with a simple scaling factor
Creators: name: Romero, Selim
name: Yamamoto, Yoh
name: Baruah, Tunna
name: Zope, Rajendra R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently proposed local self-interaction correction (LSIC) method [Zope \textit{et al.} J. Chem. Phys., 2019,{\bf 151}, 214108] when applied to the simplest local density approximation provides significant improvement over standard Perdew-Zunger SIC (PZSIC) for both equilibrium properties such as total or atomization energies as well as properties involving stretched bond such as barrier heights. The method uses an iso-orbital indicator to identify the single-electron regions. To demonstrate the LSIC method, Zope \textit{et al.} used the ratio $z_σ$ of von Weizsäcker $τ_σ^W$ and total kinetic energy densities $τ_σ$, ($z_σ= τ_σ^W/τ_σ$) as a scaling factor to scale the self-interaction correction. The present work further explores the LSIC method using a simpler scaling factor as a ratio of orbital and spin densities in place of the ratio of kinetic energy densities. We compute a wide array of both, equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties using the LSIC and orbital scaling methods using this simple scaling factor and compare them with previously reported results. Our study shows that the present results with simple scaling factor are comparable to those obtained by LSIC($z_σ$) for most properties but have slightly larger errors. We furthermore study the binding energies of small water clusters using both the scaling factors. Our results show that LSIC with $z_σ$ has limitation in predicting the binding energies of weakly bonded system due to the inability of $z_σ$ to distinguish weakly bonded region from slowly varying density region. LSIC when used with density ratio as a scaling factor, on the other hand, provides good description of water cluster binding energies, thus highlighting the appropriate choice of iso-orbital indicator.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables
Linear dynamics of cosine operator functions on solid Banach function spaces
Creators: name: Tabatabaie, Seyyed Mohammad
name: Ivkovic, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we give some sufficient and necessary conditions for cosine operator functions on solid Banach function spaces to be chaotic or topologically transitive.
New fitting scheme to obtain effective potential from Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations: Application to silica
Creators: name: Carre, Antoine
name: Horbach, Juergen
name: Ispas, Simona
name: Kob, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fitting scheme is proposed to obtain effective potentials from Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulations. It is used to parameterize a new pair potential for silica. MD simulations with this new potential are done to determine structural and dynamic properties and to compare these properties to those obtained from CPMD and a MD simulation using the so-called BKS potential. The new potential reproduces accurately the liquid structure generated by the CPMD trajectories, the experimental activation energies for the self-diffusion constants and the experimental density of amorphous silica. Also lattice parameters and elastic constants of alpha-quartz are well-reproduced, showing the transferability of the new potential.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
B -> pi pi decays
Creators: name: Pham, T. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The branching ratios and CP asymmetries of $B\to ππ$ decays measured in B factory experiments indicate a large ratio of color-suppressed ($C$) to color-allowed ($T$) tree contributions and a large relative phase between the tree and penguin amplitude. In this talk, I would like to report on a recent analysis to see whether the large $C/T$ ratio can be explained within the QCD based model with i) a large contribution from the annihilation terms or with ii) large final-state-interaction phase between two different isospin amplitudes. We show that the current experimental data do not exclude either possibility but we may be able to distinguish these two effects in future measurements of direct CP asymmetry in $B\to π^{0}π^{0}$ decay.
description: Talk given at the First Workshop On Theory, Phenomenology And Experiments In Heavy Flavor, Anacapri, Italy, May 29-31, 2006, 9 pages,10 figures, to appear in the Proceedings
DIVERSIFICATION AND EARNINGS GROWTH-A MOTIVE FOR MERGER AND ACQUISITION STRATEGY.pdf
Creators: name: Top-Oweh, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Uncategorized
subject: 150201 Finance
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140210 International Economics and International Finance

description: The paper throws more light on whether motives of diversification and earnings growth are vital reasons for M&A.by drawing inference from existing success and failure stories of various M&A deals, and considering the impact of M&A motives on the success of a deal And exposes major facts on why finance professionals look at motive of diversification and earnings growth as non-vital reasons for M&A.
Sphere rolling on the surface of a cone
Creators: name: Campos, I
name: Fernández-Chapou, J L
name: Salas-Brito, A L
name: Vargas, C A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the motion of a sphere that rolls without slipping on a conical surface having its axis in the direction of the constant gravitational field of the Earth. This nonholonomic system admits a solution in terms of quadratures. We exhibit that the only circular of the system orbit is stable and furthermore show that all its solutions can be found using an analogy with central force problems. We also discuss the case of motion with no gravitational field, that is, of motion on a freely falling cone.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Eur J Phys
Ab-initio determined electronic and magnetic properties of half-metallic NiCrSi and NiMnSi Heusler alloys; the role of interfaces and defects
Creators: name: Galanakis, I.
name: Ozdogan, K.
name: Sasioglu, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using state-of-the-art first-principles calculations we study the properties of the ferromagnetic Heusler compounds NiYSi where Y stands for V, Cr or Mn. NiCrSi and NiMnSi contrary to NiVSi are half-metallic at their equilibrium lattice constant exhibiting integer values of the total spin magnetic moment and thus we concentrate on these two alloys. The minority-spin gap has the same characteristics as for the well-known NiMnSb alloy being around $\sim$1 eV. Upon tetragonalization the gap is present in the density of states even for expansion or contraction of the out-of-plane lattice parameter by 5%. The Cr-Cr and Mn-Mn interactions make ferromagnetism extremely stable and the Curie temperature exceeds 1000 K for NiMnSi. Surface and interfaces with GaP, ZnS and Si semiconductors are not half-metallic but in the case of NiCrSi the Ni-based contacts present spin-polarization at the Fermi level over 90%. Finally, we show that there are two cases of defects and atomic-swaps. The first-ones which involve the Cr(Mn) and Si atoms induce states at the edges of the gap which persists for a moderate-concentration of defects. Defects involving Ni atoms induce states localized within the gap completely destroying the half-metallicity. Based on single-impurity calculations we associate these states to the symmetry of the crystal.
Exploring Neural Entity Representations for Semantic Information
Creators: name: Runge, Andrew
name: Hovy, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural methods for embedding entities are typically extrinsically evaluated on downstream tasks and, more recently, intrinsically using probing tasks. Downstream task-based comparisons are often difficult to interpret due to differences in task structure, while probing task evaluations often look at only a few attributes and models. We address both of these issues by evaluating a diverse set of eight neural entity embedding methods on a set of simple probing tasks, demonstrating which methods are able to remember words used to describe entities, learn type, relationship and factual information, and identify how frequently an entity is mentioned. We also compare these methods in a unified framework on two entity linking tasks and discuss how they generalize to different model architectures and datasets.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
XMM-Newton observation of the NLS1 Galaxy Ark 564: I. Spectral analysis of the time-average spectrum
Creators: name: Papadakis, I. E.
name: Brinkmann, W.
name: Page, M. J.
name: McHardy, I.
name: Uttley, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the data from a recent, 100 ksec XMM-Newton observation of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 564 to obtain its time average, X-ray spectrum. The 3-11 keV spectrum is well fitted by a power-law of slope 2.43. We detect a weak (equivalent width ~80 eV) emission line at ~6.7 keV, which implies emission from ionized iron. There is no compelling evidence for significant broadening of the line.We also detect a possible Doppler shifted absorption line at 8.1 keV. At energies lower than 2 keV, the spectrum is dominated by a smooth soft excess component which can be well fitted either by a two black body components (kT~0.15 and 0.07 keV) or by a black body plus a relativistically blurred photoionized disc reflection model. We detect a broad, shallow flux deficit in the 0.65-0.85 keV band, reminiscent of the iron unresolved transition array (UTA) features. We do not detect neither a strong absorption edge around 0.7 keV nor an emission line around 1 keV. The soft excess emission is consistent with being reflected emission from a geometrically flat disc, with solar abundances, illuminated by an isotropic source. The weakness of the iron line emission can be explained by relativistic blurring. The UTA feature implies the presence of warm material with a column density of 2-5*10^{20} cm^{-2}. If the absorption line at 8.1 keV corresponds to FeXXVI Kalpha, it suggests the presence of a highly ionized absorbing material with N_H > 10^{23} cm^{-2}, outflowing at a high velocity of ~0.17c.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Ukrainische Ökumene während und nach dem Majdan: neue Chancen und neue Herausforderungen
Creators: name: Mychalejko, Andrij
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 65 Nr. 1 (2016): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 65, Heft 1
Duality Twists on a Group Manifold
Creators: name: Catal-Ozer, Aybike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study duality-twisted dimensional reductions on a group manifold G, where the twist is in a group \tilde{G} and examine the conditions for consistency. We find that if the duality twist is introduced through a group element \tilde{g} in \tilde{G}, then the flat \tilde{G}-connection A =\tilde{g}^{-1} d\tilde{g} must have constant components M_n with respect to the basis 1-forms on G, so that the dependence on the internal coordinates cancels out in the lower dimensional theory. This condition can be satisfied if and only if M_n forms a representation of the Lie algebra of G, which then ensures that the lower dimensional gauge algebra closes. We find the form of this gauge algebra and compare it to that arising from flux compactifications on twisted tori. As an example of our construction, we find a new five dimensional gauged, massive supergravity theory by dimensionally reducing the eight dimensional Type II supergravity on a three dimensional unimodular, non-semi-simple, non-abelian group manifold with an SL(3,R) twist.
description: 22 pages
Observation of magnon-polarons in a uniaxial antiferromagnetic insulator
Creators: name: Li, Junxue
name: Simensen, Haakon T.
name: Reitz, Derek
name: Sun, Qiyang
name: Yuan, Wei
name: Li, Chen
name: Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Shi, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnon-polarons, a type of hybridized excitations between magnons and phonons, were first reported in yttrium iron garnet as anomalies in the spin Seebeck effect responses. Here we report an observation of antiferromagnetic (AFM) magnon-polarons in a uniaxial AFM insulator Cr2O3. Despite the relatively higher energy of magnon than that of the acoustic phonons, near the spin-flop transition of ~ 6 T, the left-handed magnon spectrum shifts downward to hybridize with the acoustic phonons to form AFM magnon-polarons, which can also be probed by the spin Seebeck effect. The spin Seebeck signal is founded to be enhanced due to the magnon-polarons at low temperatures.
Gluing affine torus actions via divisorial fans
Creators: name: Altmann, Klaus
name: Hausen, Juergen
name: Suess, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30, 14C20, 52B20

description: Generalizing the passage from a fan to a toric variety, we provide a combinatorial approach to construct arbitrary effective torus actions on normal, algebraic varieties. Based on the notion of a ``proper polyhedral divisor'' introduced in earlier work, we develop the concept of a ``divisorial fan'' and show that these objects encode the equivariant gluing of affine varieties with torus action. We characterize separateness and completeness of the resulting varieties in terms of divisorial fans, and we study examples like C*-surfaces and projectivizations of (non-split) vector bundles over toric varieties.
description: minor changes; to appear in "Transformation Groups"
Infrared diagnostics of the solar magnetic field with Mg I 12 $μ$m lines: forward-model results
Creators: name: Li, Xin
name: Song, YongLiang
name: Uitenbroek, H.
name: Yang, Xiao
name: Bai, XianYong
name: Deng, YuanYong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mg I 12.32 and 12.22 $μ$m lines are a pair of emission lines that present a great advantage for accurate solar magnetic field measurement. They potentially contribute to the diagnosis of solar atmospheric parameters through their high magnetic sensitivity. The goal of this study is to understand the radiation transfer process of these lines in detail and explore the ability of magnetic field diagnosis in the infrared. We calculated the Stokes profiles and response functions of the two Mg I 12 $μ$m lines based on one-dimensional solar atmospheric models using the Rybicki-Hummer (RH) radiative transfer code. The integration of these profiles with respect to the wavelength was used to generate calibration curves related to the longitudinal and transverse fields. The traditional single-wavelength calibration curve based on the weak-field approximation was also tested to determine if it is suitable for the infrared. The 12.32 $μ$m line is more suitable for a magnetic field diagnosis because its relative emission intensity and polarization signal are stronger than that of the 12.22 $μ$m line. The result from the response functions illustrates that the derived magnetic field and velocity with 12.32 $μ$m line mainly originate from the height of 450 km, while that for the temperature is about 490 km. The calibration curves obtained by the wavelength-integrated method show a nonlinear distribution. For the Mg I 12.32 $μ$m line, the longitudinal (transverse) field can be effectively inferred from Stokes V/I (Q/I and U/I) in the linear range below $\sim 600$ G ($\sim 3000$ G) in quiet regions and below $\sim 400$ G ($\sim 1200$ G) in penumbrae. Within the given linear range, the method is a supplement to the magnetic field calibration when the Zeeman components are incompletely split.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
New non-singular cosmological solution of non-local gravity
Creators: name: Kolář, Ivan
name: Torralba, Francisco José Maldonado
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new bouncing cosmological solution of the non-local theory known as infinite derivative gravity, which goes beyond the recursive ansatz, ${\Box R = r_1 R +r_2}$. The non-local field equations are evaluated using the spectral decomposition with respect to the eigenfunctions of the wave operator. The energy-momentum tensor computed for this geometry turns out to be much more sensitive to the choice of the non-local form-factor, since it depends on the value of the function on a continuous infinite interval. We show that this stronger dependence on the form-factor allows us to source the geometry by the perfect fluid with the non-negative energy density satisfying the strong energy condition. We show that this bouncing behaviour is not possible in the local theories of gravity such as in general relativity or $R+R^2$ gravity sourced by a fluid which meets the non-negative energy and strong energy conditions.
description: 12 pages
Local alignment of Markov chains
Creators: name: Hansen, Niels Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G70 (Primary) 60F10 (Secondary)

description: We consider local alignments without gaps of two independent Markov chains from a finite alphabet, and we derive sufficient conditions for the number of essentially different local alignments with a score exceeding a high threshold to be asymptotically Poisson distributed. From the Poisson approximation a Gumbel approximation of the maximal local alignment score is obtained. The results extend those obtained by Dembo, Karlin and Zeitouni [Ann. Probab. 22 (1994) 2022--2039] for independent sequences of i.i.d. variables.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000321 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
ESO Imaging Survey: infrared observations of CDF-S and HDF-S
Creators: name: Olsen, L. F.
name: Miralles, J. -M.
name: da Costa, L.
name: Benoist, C.
name: Vandame, B.
name: Rengelink, R.
name: Rite, C.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Slijkhuis, R.
name: Wicenec, A.
name: Zaggia, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents infrared data obtained from observations carried out at the ESO 3.5m New Technology Telescope (NTT) of the Hubble Deep Field South (HDF-S) and the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S). These data were taken as part of the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS) program, a public survey conducted by ESO to promote follow-up observations with the VLT. In the HDF-S field the infrared observations cover an area of ~53 square arcmin, encompassing the HST WFPC2 and STIS fields, in the JHKs passbands. The seeing measured in the final stacked images ranges from 0.79" to 1.22" and the median limiting magnitudes (AB system, 2" aperture, 5sigma detection limit) are J_AB~23.0, H_AB~22.8 and K_AB~23.0 mag. Less complete data are also available in JKs for the adjacent HST NICMOS field. For CDF-S, the infrared observations cover a total area of \~100 square arcmin, reaching median limiting magnitudes (as defined above) of J_AB~23.6 and K_AB~22.7 mag. For one CDF-S field H-band data are also available. This paper describes the observations and presents the results of new reductions carried out entirely through the un-supervised, high-throughput EIS Data Reduction System and its associated EIS/MVM C++-based image processing library developed, over the past 5 years, by the EIS project and now publicly available. The paper also presents source catalogs extracted from the final co-added images which are used to evaluate the scientific quality of the survey products, and hence the performance of the software. This is done comparing the results obtained in the present work with those obtained by other authors from independent data and/or reductions carried out with different software packages and techniques. The final science-grade catalogs and co-added images are available at CDS.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 13 pages, 12 figures; a full resolution version of the paper is available from http://www.astro.ku.dk/~lisbeth/eisdata/papers/4528.pdf ; related catalogs and images are available through http://www.astro.ku.dk/~lisbeth/eisdata/
Numerical Study of Trailing and Leading Vortex Dynamics in a Forced Jet with Coflow
Creators: name: Bhatia, Bharat
name: De, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of trailing and leading vortex structures in low Reynolds number forced (varicose) jet with coflow is studied using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), where we report the dynamics of these vortices for a range of varying parameters. In a circular forced jet with Strouhal number 0.2, continuous formation of these vortices is observed which undergo pairing, tearing and disintegration. The forced jet is analyzed for varying frequency of forced perturbations, coflow temperature, turbulence intensity, momentum thickness, coflow intensity and Reynolds number at a constant forcing amplitude. The observation reveals that any reduction in momentum thickness increases the circulation as well as energy capacity of the leading and the trailing vortices, thereby enhancing the vortex pairing time. However, the hot coflow increases the strength of the leading vortex to such an extent that the generated trailing vortex is weak and dissipates even before it undergoes vortex pairing, while an incomplete disintegration of the leading vortex occurs in this case. Moreover, the strength of leading and trailing vortices is found to decrease with an increase in coflow power, thereby leading to a weaker vortex pairing. The decrease in Reynolds number also reduces the intensity of trailing vortices; whereas, at a lower Reynolds Number (Re) the trailing vortices dissipate soon after they form. The findings are achieved based on the analysis done by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), fast Fourier transform (FFT), Q-criterion and vortex tracking method to understand the dynamic interaction and behavior of the vortices.
Deep shower interpretation of the cosmic ray events observed in excess of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin energy
Creators: name: Chou, Aaron S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possibility that the ultra-high-energy cosmic ray flux has a small component of exotic particles which create showers much deeper in the atmosphere than ordinary hadronic primaries. It is shown that applying the conventional AGASA/HiRes/Auger data analysis procedures to such exotic events results in large systematic biases in the energy spectrum measurement. SubGZK exotic showers may be mis-reconstructed with much higher energies and mimick superGZK events. Alternatively, superGZK exotic showers may elude detection by conventional fluorescence analysis techniques.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Multi-modal Experts Network for Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Fang, Shihong
name: Choromanska, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: End-to-end learning from sensory data has shown promising results in autonomous driving. While employing many sensors enhances world perception and should lead to more robust and reliable behavior of autonomous vehicles, it is challenging to train and deploy such network and at least two problems are encountered in the considered setting. The first one is the increase of computational complexity with the number of sensing devices. The other is the phenomena of network overfitting to the simplest and most informative input. We address both challenges with a novel, carefully tailored multi-modal experts network architecture and propose a multi-stage training procedure. The network contains a gating mechanism, which selects the most relevant input at each inference time step using a mixed discrete-continuous policy. We demonstrate the plausibility of the proposed approach on our 1/6 scale truck equipped with three cameras and one LiDAR.
description: Published at the International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2020
A microscopic theory of photonucleation: Density functional approach for the properties of a fluid of two-level atoms, a part of which is excited
Creators: name: Derzhko, Oleg
name: Myhal, Vasyl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the density functional method to examine the properties of the nonuniform (two-phase) fluid of two-level atoms, a part of which is excited. Basing on the analysis of the equation of state of a gas of two-level atoms, a part of which is excited, we suggest a simple density functional of the grand thermodynamical potential. We use the proposed density functional of the grand thermodynamical potential to calculate the nucleation barrier for vapor-to-liquid phase transition in the presence of excited atoms.
description: Presented at the conference Statistical Physics 2005: Modern Problems and New Applications (August 28-30, 2005, Lviv, Ukraine)
Covalent Grafting of Polyoxometalate Hybrids onto Flat Silicon/Silicon Oxide: Insights from POMs Layers on Oxides
Creators: name: Laurans, Maxime
name: Trinh, Kelly
name: Francesca, Kevin Dalla
name: Izzet, Guillaume
name: Alves, Sandra
name: Derat, Etienne
name: Humblot, Vincent
name: Pluchery, Olivier
name: Vuillaume, Dominique
name: Lenfant, Stéphane
name: Volatron, Florence
name: Proust, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Immobilization of polyoxometalates (POMs) onto oxides is relevant to many applications in the fields of catalysis, energy conversion/storage or molecular electronics. Optimization and understanding the molecule/oxide interface is crucial to rationally improve the performance of the final molecular materials. We herein describe the synthesis and covalent grafting of POM hybrids with remote carboxylic acid functions onto flat Si/SiO2 substrates. Special attention has been paid to the characterization of the molecular layer and to the description of the POM anchoring mode at the oxide interface through the use of various characterization techniques, including ellipsometry, AFM, XPS and FTIR. Finally, electron transport properties were probed in a vertical junction configuration and energy level diagrams have been drawn and discussed in relation with the POM molecular electronic features inferred from cyclic-voltammetry, UV-visible absorption spectra and theoretical calculations. The electronic properties of these POM-based molecular junctions are driven by the POM LUMO (d-orbitals) whatever the nature of the tether or the anchoring group.
description: Manuscript and supporting information
Влияние люпина на биохимические показатели крови животных
Creators: name: Сорокин А.Е.
name: Руцкая В.И.
Publisher: name: Эффективное животноводство
Year: 2021
Subjects: люпин
гранулирование
кровь
белок
холестерин
билирубин
lupin granulation
blood
protein
cholesterol
bilirubin

description: По биологическим показателям сыворотки крови было определено физиологическое состояние опытных и контрольных животных и птицы. Сделано заключение, что люпин не оказывает отрицательного действия на их физиологическое состояние, не ухудшает биологический статус животных и птицы.
description: Physical condition of experimental and standard animals and poultry has been evaluated using blood biochemical indices. Lupin has no negative action on physical condition and biological state of animals and poultry.
Quantum escape kinetics over a fluctuating barrier
Creators: name: Ghosh, Pulak Kumar
name: Barik, Debashis
name: Bag, Bidhan Chandra
name: Ray, Deb Shankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The escape rate of a particle over a fluctuating barrier in a double well potential exhibits resonance at an optimum value of correlation time of fluctuation. This has been shown to be important in several variants of kinetic model of chemical reactions . We extend the analysis of this phenomenon of resonant activation to quantum domain to show how quantization significantly enhances resonant activation at low temperature due to tunneling.
Scale-model investigation of highway traffic noise barriers
Creators: name: Busch, Todd
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Barriers, such as walls, earth berms, and earth-berm/wall combinations, are used to control highway noise. Factors that affect noise attenuation include profile, height, location, and surface composition. A literature review was conducted on the topics of outdoor sound propagation, ground impedance, noise barriers, and acoustical scale modelling. The noise attenuation provided by vertical walls, earth berms, and earth berms crested by a vertical wall — for a line source of vehicular traffic — has received little attention. Using an ultrasonic air-jet source, scale-model materials were selected by measuring their Excess Attenuations, at scales of 1:20, 25, 31.5, 40, and 50. A new method was employed to select materials: the residuals between measurements and theoretical, best-fit curves were calculated for each cell of a 2-D array whose axes were scale factor versus effective flow resistivity. An optimal scale of 1:31.5 was selected, in conjunction with specifying three model materials to simulate berms and soft ground (expanded polystyrene), vertical walls (dense polystyrene), and roadways (varnished particle board). Berms, typically 4 m in height, were tested with slopes of 1.5, 2 and 3:1; for each of these slopes, five crest profiles were tested: wedge, flat-top (widths of 1 m and 2 m), and round-top (radii of 1 m and 2 m). For berms crested by a vertical wall, the relative heights of berm and wall were either lm/3m, 2m/2m, or 3m/lm; for each height combination, berm slopes of 1.5, 2, and 3:1 were tested. The surface composition of berms were altered using dense polystyrene, and felt. Weighted Insertion Losses (ILAs) for a line source were obtained by applying A-weighted, traffic-noise spectra, before integrating the 80-2500 Hz full-scale, thirdoctave bands. Contrary to current highway practice — where a "soft-top correction" of +3 dBA is often applied to earth berms — walls out-performed berms by 1-2 dBA. For berms, shallower slopes degraded third-octave ILs in the 250 Hz band, but had little effect on a berm's ILA. For berms crested by a vertical wall, shallower slopes increased ILAs.
What powers the radio emission in TDE AT2019dsg: a long-lived jet or the disruption itself?
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Tatsuya
name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Krolik, Julian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tidal disruption event AT2019dsg was observed from radio to X-rays and was possibly accompanied by a high-energy neutrino. Previous interpretations have focused on continued injection by a central engine as the source of energy for radio emission. We show that continuous energy injection is unnecessary; the radio data can be explained by a single ejection of plasma that supplies all the energy needed. To support this assertion, we analyze the synchrotron self-absorbed spectra in terms of the equipartition model. Similar to previous analyses, we find that the energy in the radio-emitting region increases approximately $\propto t^{0.7}$ and the lengthscale of this region grows $\propto t$ at a rate $\simeq0.06c$. This event resembles the earliest stage of a supernova remnant: because the ejected mass is much greater than the shocked external mass, its velocity remains unchanged, while the energy in shocked gas grows with time. The radio-emitting material gains energy from the outflow, not continuing energy injection by the central object. Although energy injection from an accreting BH cannot be completely excluded, the energy injection rate is very different from the fallback luminosity, and maintaining constant outflow velocity requires fine-tuning demanding further physical explanation. If the neutrino association is real, the energy injection needed is much greater than for the radio emission, suggesting that the detected neutrino did not arise from the radio-emitting region.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS