cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Astrophysical Origins of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Torres, Diego F.
name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these particles. We then briefly discuss the status of the chemical composition and the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. After that, we examine the energy losses during propagation, introducing the Greisen-Zaptsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, and discuss the level of confidence with which each experiment have detected particles beyond the GZK energy limit. In the second part of the review, we discuss astrophysical environments able to accelerate particles up to such high energies, including active galactic nuclei, large scale galactic wind termination shocks, relativistic jets and hot-spots of Fanaroff-Riley radiogalaxies, pulsars, magnetars, quasar remnants, starbursts, colliding galaxies, and gamma ray burst fireballs. In the third part of the review we provide a brief summary of scenarios which try to explain the super-GZK events with the help of new physics beyond the standard model. In the last section, we give an overview on neutrino telescopes and existing limits on the energy spectrum and discuss some of the prospects for a new (multi-particle) astronomy. Finally, we outline how extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be used to probe new physics beyond the electroweak scale.
description: Higher resolution version of Fig. 7 is available at http://www.angelfire.com/id/dtorres/down3.html. Solicited review article prepared for Reports on Progress in Physics, final version
Der Rodderberg-Krater bei Bonn
Creators: name: Zöller, Ludwig
name: Hambach, Ulrich
name: Blanchard, Henrik
name: Fischer, Stefanie
name: Köhne, Sven
name: Stritzke, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Der mittelpleistozäne Vulkankomplex des Rodderbergs südlich von Bonn birgt vermutlich ein höchst wertvolles Klimaarchiv von regionaler und überregionaler Bedeutung. Er sitzt der aus dem älteren Mittelpleistozän stammenden „jüngeren Hauptterrasse“ des Rheins auf. Sein zentraler Krater stellt eine bis heute geschlossene Hohlform dar, die noch fast vollständig von einem Wall aus Schlacken und Tephren umgeben ist. Eine im Jahre 2000 im Krater durchgeführte 55 m tiefe Kernbohrung (Rodderberg 1) förderte fast durchgängig feinkörnige Sedimente zutage, die im oberen Teil als Lösse und Lössderivate, im unteren Teil als Seesedimente angesprochen werden. Eine vom Leibniz-Institut für Angewandte Geophysik (LIAG) im Jahre 2008 niedergebrachte 69 m tiefe Schneckenbohrung erreichte in ca. 65 m Tiefe interglaziale Torfe. Festgestein wurde bisher nicht erreicht. Eine weitere Forschungsbohrung des LIAG ist für 2011 geplant. Der vorliegende Beitrag resümiert die bisherigen Ergebnisse zur Eruptionsgeschichte des Rodderberges und zu den Untersuchungen am Kerninhalt der Bohrung Rodderberg 1, zeigt bestehende Probleme auf und versucht, Anregungen für die weiteren Untersuchungen an der geplanten neuen Forschungsbohrung sowie in ihrem Umfeld zu geben.
description: research
Artifact Evaluation for "Beyond the Elementary Representations of Program Invariants over Algebraic Data Types" paper
Creators: name: Kostyukov, Yurii
name: Mordvinov, Dmitry
name: Fedyukovich, Grigory
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: An `Ubuntu20.04.ova` file provided is the VM snapshot with an artifact installed. The artifact is provided to support the result of the Evaluation section of the paper "Beyond the Elementary Representations of Program Invariants over Algebraic Data Types" submitted to PLDI 2021. Paper results reproduction instructions are contained in the `README.txt` file.
THE ASSESSMENT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN POLISH REGIONS
Creators: name: Bronisz, Urszula
name: Heijman, Wim J.M.
name: Van Ophem, Johan
name: Bronisz, Urszula
name: Heijman, Wim J.M.
name: Van Ophem, Johan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Intellectual capital
subject: intangible assets
subject: knowledge based economy
subject: Polish regions

description: In a knowledge-based economy intangible assets are indispensable to achieve competitive advantages. Resources like intellectual capital are perceived as crucial factors especially for regional growth. Intellectual capital is comprehended as a multidimensional concept, defined and explained in many various ways, depending on the context and further application. The purposes of this article is to consider the role and importance of the intellectual capital for regional development and competitiveness and to try to use it for an estimation of regional advance progress. On the basis of literature review the article provides a framework to analyse the intellectual capital and its main components. The central attention of the paper focuses on the evaluation of the intellectual capital in Polish regions and its influence on regional performance. The paper surveys the empirical examination of 16 Polish regions in terms of intellectual capital and simultaneously assesses the level of intellectual capital in rural areas. The article provides the insight into the role and value of the intellectual capital in Polish regions.
A QCD Axion from Higher Dimensional Gauge Field
Creators: name: Choi, Kiwoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that a QCD axion solving the strong CP problem can arise naturally from parity-odd gauge field C_M in 5-dimensional (5D) orbifold field theory. The required axion coupling to the QCD anomaly comes from the 5D Chern-Simons coupling, and all other unwanted U(1)_{PQ} breaking axion couplings can be avoided naturally by the 5D gauge symmetry of C_M and the 5D locality. If the fifth dimension is warped, the resulting axion scale is suppressed by small warp factor compared to the Planck scale, thereby the model can generate naturally an intermediate axion scale f_a=10^{10} - 10^{12}GeV.
description: 5 pages, Revtex4
Color dipole cross-section from unifying the color dipole picture and improved saturation models
Creators: name: Boroun, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the color-dipole picture (CDP) for determination of the gluon density at low-$x$ which is obtained from the Altarelli-Martinelli equation by expansion at distinct points of expansion. The dipole cross-sections with respect to the improved saturation model of Bartels-Golec-Biernat-Kowalski (BGK) are obtained in a wide range of transverse sizes $r$ and compared with the Golec-Biernat-W$\ddot{\mathrm{u}}$sthoff (GBW) model. We find that the model gives a good description of the dipole cross-section at large $r$ which confirms saturation and matches the perturbative QCD result at a small $r$ due to the significant role of the running of the gluon distribution. The transition between these regions occurs with decreasing transverse sizes with a decrease of Bjorken $x$ and dependence on the expansion point.
Search for hidden particles in intensity frontier experiment SHiP
Creators: name: Gorkavenko, Volodymyr M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the undeniable success of the Standard Model of particle physics (SM) there are some phenomena (neutrino oscillations, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, etc.) that SM cannot explain. These phenomena indicate that the SM has to be modified. Most likely there are new particles beyond the SM. There are many experiments to search for new physics that can be divided into two types: energy and intensity frontier. In experiments of the first type, one tries to directly produce and detect new heavy particles. In experiments of the second type, one tries to directly produce and detect new light particles that feebly interact with SM particles. Future intensity frontier SHiP experiment (\textbf{S}earch for \textbf{Hi}dden \textbf{P}articles) at the CERN SPS is discussed. Its advantages and technical characteristics are given.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. The work was presented at the conference "New trends in high energy physics", May 12-18, Odessa, Ukraine
Direct CP Violation In B --> pi^+ pi^- V With rho^0--omega Mixing Effects: Phenomenological Approach
Creators: name: Ajaltouni, Z. J.
name: Leitner, O.
name: Perret, P.
name: Rimbault, C.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of direct CP violation and branching ratios in the channels $B^{0,\pm} \to π^{+}π^{-} V^{0,\pm}$, where $V$ is a vector meson ($K^{* 0,\pm}$ or $ρ^{\pm}$). Emphasis is placed upon the important role played by ${ρ^{0}}-ω$ mixing effects in the estimation of the CP-violating asymmetry parameter, $a_{cp}$, associated with the difference of $B$ and $\bar B$ decay amplitudes. A thorough study of the helicity amplitudes is presented as a function of the pion-pion invariant mass. All of the calculations and simulations considered correspond to channels which will be analyzed at the LHCb facility.
description: 39 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables. Misprints corrected and comments added in pages 5, 17 and 19
The Odyssey Journey: Top-Tier Medical Resource Seeking for Specialized Disorder in China
Creators: name: Chan, Ka I
name: Hu, Siying
name: Wang, Yuntao
name: Xu, Xuhai
name: Lu, Zhicong
name: Shi, Yuanchun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is pivotal for patients to receive accurate health information, diagnoses, and timely treatments. However, in China, the significant imbalanced doctor-to-patient ratio intensifies the information and power asymmetries in doctor-patient relationships. Health information-seeking, which enables patients to collect information from sources beyond doctors, is a potential approach to mitigate these asymmetries. While HCI research predominantly focuses on common chronic conditions, our study focuses on specialized disorders, which are often familiar to specialists but not to general practitioners and the public. With Hemifacial Spasm (HFS) as an example, we aim to understand patients' health information and top-tier medical resource seeking journeys in China. Through interviews with three neurosurgeons and 12 HFS patients from rural and urban areas, and applying Actor-Network Theory, we provide empirical insights into the roles, interactions, and workflows of various actors in the health information-seeking network. We also identified five strategies patients adopted to mitigate asymmetries and access top-tier medical resources, illustrating these strategies as subnetworks within the broader health information-seeking network and outlining their advantages and challenges.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENTIAL FACTORS ON GROSS VALUE ADDED IN THE HUNGARIAN SHEEP SECTOR
Creators: name: Cehla, Bela
name: Kovacs, Sandor
name: Nabradi, Andras
name: Cehla, Bela
name: Kovacs, Sandor
name: Nabradi, Andras
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Hungarian Sheep Sector
subject: gross value added
subject: contour plot

description: The competitiveness of the Hungarian sheep sector has been in steady decline for some time now. Crucial has been the problem that the value added in the sector is not generated in Hungary, as most of the produced lambs in Hungary leave the country with an average weight of 21 kilograms, with slaughtering happening abroad.A model has been constructed for our investigations, which introduces the connections between the product cycle phases for mutton in Hungary. This model allows us to calculate the volume of gross value added generated within specific product cycle phases. We used Monte Carlo simulation for our examination, for which the Crystall ball software package was utilized, namely the OptQuest module, for optimization. First, we conducted an optimization of an experiment number of 500,000 for “Gross value added” in the case of the slaughterhouse. During the optimization, Easter, Christmas and August lamb ratio and ewe number, as well as progeny, were set as decision variables and examined as values of gross value added, the decision variables of which contribute to obtaining the best results. The gained decision variables were set in the model and a Monte Carlo simulation was run with an experiment number of 500,000, where only the values of the conditions were changed along the pre-set dispersion; the values of the decision variables were fixed. The most significant aim of our investigation was to identify the volume of gross value added generated during processing in various phases of the product chain and the change of which inputs affected this volume the most. The findings proved that, in the case of capital uniformity, the output of processing was most influenced by sheep progeny on the bottom level of the mutton product chain. This factor is followed by that of weight gain in the source material producing and fattening sub-modules, as well as the gross wage in starter lamb feed and meadow hay in the source material producing sub-modules. Contour plots helped to describe the connections between these factors. By using contour plots, the volume of gross value added might be forecast for various combinations of factors.
Calyptranthes dryadica M. L. Kawasaki 1998
Creators: name: Lourenço, Ana Raquel
name: Alves, Marccus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Myrtaceae
Calyptranthes
Calyptranthes dryadica

description: Calyptranthes dryadica M.L. Kawasaki (1998: 386).
 Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Iguape, Ecological Reserve of Juréia-Itatins, trail of the fig tree, 14 Mar 1990, L . Rossi et al. 542 (Holotype: SP!; Isotypes: RB!, MBM, MO).
 This species was thought to be restricted to São Paulo state, but along a survey of specimens of Calyptranthes we were able to identify a collection of this species from the state of Espírito Santo. This represents a considerable extension of the known range of this species.
 Specimen examined:— Brazil. Espírito Santo: mun. Castelo, Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Floresta Ombrófila Densa Altomontana com inselbergues, 20º30’58’’S 41º05’01’’W, elev. 1100–1400 m, R . Goldenberg et al. 1161 (MBML!).
description: Published as part of Lourenço, Ana Raquel & Alves, Marccus, 2014, A new species and a new geographical record of Calyptranthes (Myrcia s. l., Myrtaceae) from Brazil, pp. 275-281 in Phytotaxa 188 (5) on page 279, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5147520
Archäometrische Analysen von Lengyelkeramik aus Niederösterreich
Creators: name: Carneiro, Ângela
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2010

description: Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die ersten Ergebnisse zur Untersuchung von Herstellungsprozessen (Rohstoffauswahl, Aufarbeitung und Herkunft sowie Maltechniken) von Keramik der Lengyelkultur aus der Siedlung von Michelstetten, die im Zentralweinviertel des norddanubischen Niederösterreich liegt und nach der Radiokarbon-Methode zwischen 4600 und 4360 a cal. BC datiert wurde. Unter Anwendung verschiedener archäometrischer Verfahren konnte die mineralogische Zusammensetzung von Lengyelkeramik und ihre Malpigmente sowie von Ton- und Lehmmaterialien, die als Rohstoffproben gedient haben, bestimmt werden. Neben einer genauen Charakterisierung der Herstellungssubstanzen prähistorischer Keramik von Michelstetten wurden unterschiedliche Erzeugungsvorgänge, wie Rohstoffauswahl, Art und Qualität der Materialaufarbeitung, Brennverfahren und Maltechniken behandelt, genauso wie Herkunftsfragen diskutiert.
description: research
Real-World Incidence and Severity of Hypertension Caused by Abiraterone Acetate in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer.
Creators: name: Rodgers, Jo E
name: Lam, Brian
name: Muluneh, Benyam
name: Morgan, Katherine P
name: Whang, Young E
name: Proco, Darrian
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND: Abiraterone acetate (AA) is used in treatment of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Despite the survival advantage, AA is associated with hypertension due to mineralocorticoid excess syndrome.
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis to evaluate the real-world incidence and severity of AA-induced hypertension.
METHODS: Electronic health records were used to collect baseline characteristics and prostate cancer history. Patient data, including blood pressure at each 4 (±2)-week interval, were collected for 24 weeks after the initiation of AA therapy. The primary endpoint was the incidence and severity of AA-induced hypertension. The secondary endpoints include effect of different prednisone dosing regimens and prostate cancer types on hypertensive incidence and the impact of clinical pharmacists' involvement in managing AA-induced hypertension.
RESULTS: A total of 142 patients who met our inclusion criteria received AA for metastatic prostate cancer, 73 (51.4%) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and 69 (48.6%) with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Of all, 43.7% experienced all-grade hypertension, and 28.2% experienced grade 3-4 hypertension. There was no difference in incidence of hypertension between patients receiving 5 mg of prednisone daily and those receiving 5 mg of prednisone twice daily. All-grade hypertension occurred in 39.7% of mCRPC and 47.8% of mCSPC patients (P = 0.33). Thirty-two percent of patients were actively managed by a clinical pharmacist and had an overall trend of reduced hypertension severity after 12 weeks.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: This single-center, retrospective cohort study found that real-world metastatic prostate cancer patients who received AA had substantially higher incidence and severity of hypertension compared with clinical trials regardless of prednisone dose. In patients with mCRPC and mCSPC, the role of prednisone dose in hypertension incidence and severity warrants further investigation. Overall, results indicate the need for closely monitoring hypertension and optimization of anti-hypertensive therapy by multidisciplinary teams in metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving AA.
Recovering Localized Adversarial Attacks
Creators: name: Göpfert, Jan Philip
name: Wersing, Heiko
name: Hammer, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep convolutional neural networks have achieved great successes over recent years, particularly in the domain of computer vision. They are fast, convenient, and -- thanks to mature frameworks -- relatively easy to implement and deploy. However, their reasoning is hidden inside a black box, in spite of a number of proposed approaches that try to provide human-understandable explanations for the predictions of neural networks. It is still a matter of debate which of these explainers are best suited for which situations, and how to quantitatively evaluate and compare them. In this contribution, we focus on the capabilities of explainers for convolutional deep neural networks in an extreme situation: a setting in which humans and networks fundamentally disagree. Deep neural networks are susceptible to adversarial attacks that deliberately modify input samples to mislead a neural network's classification, without affecting how a human observer interprets the input. Our goal with this contribution is to evaluate explainers by investigating whether they can identify adversarially attacked regions of an image. In particular, we quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the capability of three popular explainers of classifications -- classic salience, guided backpropagation, and LIME -- with respect to their ability to identify regions of attack as the explanatory regions for the (incorrect) prediction in representative examples from image classification. We find that LIME outperforms the other explainers.
Creating Opportunities for Social Engagement, Services, and Support for African Americans in Vance County, North Carolina
Creators: name: Thompson, Rachel, Hargett, Krystal, Kim, Sammie, Qatu, Zaynab
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2025

description:
Social isolation and loneliness are growing public health concerns that disproportionately affect African American adults in rural communities. This capstone project explores the social and community context of health in Vance County, North Carolina—a region marked by high social vulnerability, racial health disparities, and limited access to community engagement opportunities. Through a systems-oriented approach, this project identifies social isolation among African American adults as a pressing social determinant of health (SDOH) and analyzes the structural, economic, and historical contributors to this issue. The project includes a comprehensive social determinants of health analysis, a leadership strategy featuring the development of a community-driven steering committee, and a systems-level framework supported by a causal loop diagram. Interventions emphasize expanding transportation access, investing in public spaces, strengthening broadband infrastructure, and leveraging culturally grounded community programs to foster social engagement. Additionally, a visual "rich picture" included in the report illustrates the complexity of the problem and highlights both current barriers and potential solutions. By highlighting key leverage points and barriers, this work outlines a path for county commissioners to create sustainable, equity-driven solutions that promote social connectivity and improve health outcomes for vulnerable populations in Vance County.
Weakly nonlinear ion sound waves in gravitational systems
Creators: name: Guio, P.
name: Pecseli, H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ion sound waves are studied in a plasma subject to gravitational field. Such systems are interesting by exhibiting a wave growth that is a result of energy flux conservation in inhomogeneous systems. The increasing wave amplitude gives rise to an enhanced interaction between waves and plasma particles that can be modeled by a modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Analytical results are compared with numerical Particle-in-Cell simulations of the problem. Our code assumes isothermally Boltzmann distributed electrons while the ion component is treated as a collection of individual particles interacting through collective electric fields. Deviations from quasi neutrality are allowed for.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures
title: Бастауыш сынып мұғалімдерінің мәдениетаралық қарым-қатынас құзыреттілігін қалыптастыруда интернетті қолдану ерекшеліктері
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: EDP Hub (Идипи Хаб), Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2025

description: Оқу құралы мәдениетаралық қарым-қатынас туралы заманауи идеяларды ашатын негізгі тақырыптарды көрсетеді. Онда оқу мәтіндері мен оларға қатысты сұрақтар, сондай-ақ тақырыптар бойынша тапсырмалар бар. Нұсқаулық мәдениетаралық қарым-қатынастың мәні, оның заңдылықтары мен әртүрлі ұлт өкілдері мәдениетінің өзара әрекеттесу негізінде туындайтын мәселелер туралы түсінік қалыптастыруға бағытталған. Оқу құралы «Бастауышта оқыту педагогикасы мен әдістемесі», «Бастауышта оқыту педагогикасы мен әдістемесі» білім бағдарламалары білімгерлеріне, магистранттар мен мектеп мұғалімдеріне, оқытушыларға көмекші құрал ретінде дайындалған. «Қашықтықтан білім берудің әдістемесі мен технологиясы» атты пәнді қамтамасыз етеді.
Unveiling Su Aurigae in the near Infrared: New high spatial resolution results using Adaptive Optics
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Abhijit
name: Ge, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here new results on circumstellar nebulosity around SU Aurigae, a T-Tauri star of about 2 solar mass and 5 Myrs old at 152 pc in the J, H and K bands using high resolution adaptive optics imaging (0$\farcs$30) with the Penn state IR Imaging Spectrograph (PIRIS) at the 100 inch Mt. Wilson telescope. A comparison with HST STIS optical (0.2 to 1.1 micron) images shows that the orientation of the circumstellar nebulosity in the near-IR extends from PAs 210 to 270 degrees in H and K bands and up to 300 degrees in the J band. We call the circumstellar nebulosity seen between 210 to 270 degrees as 'IR nebulosity'. We find that the IR nebulosity (which extends up to 3.5 arcsecs in J band and 2.5 arcsecs in the K band) is due to scattered light from the central star. The IR nebulosity is either a cavity formed by the stellar outflows or part of the circumstellar disk. We present a schematic 3-dimensional geometrical model of the disk and jet of SU Aur based on STIS and our near-IR observations. According to this model the IR nebulosity is a part of the circumstellar disk seen at high inclination angles. The extension of the IR nebulosity is consistent with estimates of the disk diameter of 50 to 400 AU in radius, from earlier mm, K band interferometric observations and SED fittings.
description: Accepted for publications in the Astronomical Journal, to appear in the May issue of the Journal
Eye-brain connections revealed by multimodal retinal and brain imaging genetics
Creators: name: Wang, Xiyao
name: Li, Bingxuan
name: Stein, Jason L.
name: Fan, Zirui
name: Li, Yujue
name: Yang, Xiaochen
name: Yang, Yue
name: Copana, Carlos
name: Wang, Xifeng
name: Li, Yun
name: Li, Tengfei
name: O’Brien, Joan M.
name: Shu, Juan
name: Zhao, Bingxin
name: Yang, Yilin
name: Lin, Jinjie
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Wu, Zhenyi
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: The retina, an anatomical extension of the brain, forms physiological connections with the visual cortex of the brain. Although retinal structures offer a unique opportunity to assess brain disorders, their relationship to brain structure and function is not well understood. In this study, we conducted a systematic cross-organ genetic architecture analysis of eye-brain connections using retinal and brain imaging endophenotypes. We identified novel phenotypic and genetic links between retinal imaging biomarkers and brain structure and function measures from multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with many associations involving the primary visual cortex and visual pathways. Retinal imaging biomarkers shared genetic influences with brain diseases and complex traits in 65 genomic regions, with 18 showing genetic overlap with brain MRI traits. Mendelian randomization suggests bidirectional genetic causal links between retinal structures and neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Overall, our findings reveal the genetic basis for eye-brain connections, suggesting that retinal images can help uncover genetic risk factors for brain disorders and disease-related changes in intracranial structure and function.
Melting and Freezing of a Skyrmion Lattice
Creators: name: Garanin, Dmitry A.
name: Soriano, Jorge F.
name: Chudnovsky, Eugene M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report comprehensive Monte-Carlo studies of the melting of skyrmion lattices in systems of small, medium, and large sizes with the number of skyrmions ranging from $10^{3}$ to over $10^{5}$. Large systems exhibit hysteresis similar to that observed in real experiments on the melting of skyrmion lattices. For sufficiently small systems which achieve thermal equilibrium, a fully reversible sharp solid-liquid transition on temperature with no intermediate hexatic phase is observed. A similar behavior is found on changing the magnetic field that provides the control of pressure in the skyrmion lattice. We find that on heating the melting transition occurs via a formation of grains with different orientations of hexagonal axes. On cooling, the fluctuating grains coalesce into larger clusters until a uniform orientation of hexagonal axes is slowly established. The observed scenario is caused by collective effects involving defects and is more complex than a simple picture of a transition driven by the unbinding and annihilation of dislocation and disclination pairs.
description: 15 pages PR style, 26 figures (16 figure captions)
Coastal evolution of a Holocene barrier spit (Bug peninsula/NW-Rügen) deduced from geological structure and relative sea-level
Creators: name: Naumann, Michael
name: Lampe, Reinhard
name: Hoffmann, Gösta
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2010

description: Die an der südwestlichen Ostseeküste gelegene Halbinsel Bug/NW Rügen wurde untersucht, um die Entwicklung von Haken und Nehrungen unter dem Einfluss des holozänen Meeresspiegelanstiegs zu studieren. Als Datengrundlage dienten 25 Sedimentkerne, sowie sieben Georadar- und sechs Sedimentecholotprofile, aus denen sechs Lithofaziestypen abgeleitet wurden. Danach besteht die Nehrung aus einer durchschnittlich 10 m mächtigen holozänen Sedimentfolge, die auf pleistozäner Basis aus Geschiebemergel und (glazi-)fluviolimnischen Feinsanden lagert. Obwohl keine absoluten Altersdaten gewonnen wurden, kann die Sedimentabfolge mit der lokalen relativen Meeresspiegelkurve problemlos korreliert und eine Modellvorstellung für die Nehrungsentwicklung geschlussfolgert werden. Die marine Inundation des Untersuchungsgebietes erfolgte um 7.000 BC während der Littorina-Transgression. In diesem Stadium stieg der Meeresspiegel rapide an und generierte einen schnell wachsenden Akkumulationsraum, in dem feinklastisches Material an oder unter der Wellenbasis akkumulierte und zu einem Reliefausgleich beitrug. Akkumulative Küstenformen bildeten sich nur in geringem Maße, da der Akkumulationsraum schneller wuchs als er durch das aus der Küstenerosion stammende Material aufgefüllt werden konnte. In dem Maße, indem der Meeresspiegelanstieg sich verlangsamte, gewann die Akkumulation an Bedeutung und der Hauptteil der Nehrung wurde innerhalb von rund zweitausend Jahren landfest. Entsprechend dem Verlauf von Strandwällen auf seiner heutigen Oberfläche lassen sich zwei Entwicklungsphasen aushalten, die von unterschiedlichen wellenenergetischen, erosiven und overwash-Prozessen bestimmt werden. Gegenwärtig besitzt die Nehrung ein Volumen von 66,4 Mio m³, woraus sich auf einen Rückgang des benachbarten Kliffs von rund 2000 m schließen lässt. Obwohl die Nehrung entwicklungsmäßig in ihrem Reifestadium angelangt zu sein scheint, deuten einige Merkmale auf zunehmende Instabilität hin. Im nördlichen Bereich verhindern Küstenschutzmaßnahmen einen Nehrungsdurchbruch und beginnende Auflösung. Im Süden haben Fahrwasserbaggerungen eine weitere Längenzunahme und das Zusammenwachsen mit Haken von Hiddensee verhindert. Ohne diese Maßnahmen würde die Nehrung durch Seegattbildung und zunehmende Erosion im Norden und Seegattschließung und zunehmende Uferprogradation im Süden eine neue Gestalt annehmen.
description: research
Late Pleistocene-Holocene History of Chaco-Pampa Sediments in Argentina and Paraguay
Creators: name: Kruck, Wolfgang
name: Helms, Fabian
name: Geyh, Mebus A.
name: Suriano, José M.
name: Marengo, Hugo G.
name: Pereyra, Fernando
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Eine erheblich verbesserte Rekonstruktion der spätpleistozänen/holozänen morphologischen und geologischen Geschichte des paraguayischen Chaco und der argentinischen Pampa Ebene wird vorgestellt. Wegen der großen Ausdehnung des Gebietes waren Satellitenbilder der Schlüssel, um frühere und neue interdisziplinäre geowissenschaftliche Ergebnisse zu einem verlässlicheren Bild zusammenzuführen. Für diesen synoptischen Überblick wurde die Interpretation von Fernerkundungsdaten durch Geländeuntersuchungen und physikalische Altersbestimmungen ergänzt. Viele Lumineszenzalter (75 IRSL und 12 TL) von Löß, lößähnlichen Sedimenten und Sanden wurden bestimmt, die bei der Rekonstruktion der Klimageschichte des Untersuchungsgebiets im Marinen Isotopen Stadium 3 bis 1 (MIS 3–1) beitragen. Lößablagerungen überwiegen in der Zeit vor MIS 2. Die numerische Alter von lakustrinen und alluvialen Sedimenten, im Löß zwischengelagert, belegen wechselnde feuchte und trockene Perioden in der Chaco/Pampa-Ebene im MIS 2 und MIS 1. Überwiegend trockene Bedingungen herrschten von 8.5 bis 3.5 ka BP (mittleres MIS 1), als Sande in Form von Dünen oder in Paläoflussbetten abgelagert wurden. Zeitlich begrenzte Phasen extrem verstärkter Paläoflussaktivität im Mittelholozän wurden auf sporadische Starkregenereignisse in den Anden zurückgeführt. Die Ursprungsgebiete des Löß, der lößartigen Sedimente und der sandigen Ablagerungen wurden in der südwestlichen Pampa, den benachbarten Andenabhängen und im Altiplano lokalisiert. Diese Sedimente wurden von dort nach Osten und später nach Nordosten transportiert, wie sich aus den morphologischen Mustern als Zeugnisse früherer äolischer Aktivität rekonstruieren ließ.
description: research
Probing flavored regimes of leptogenesis with gravitational waves from cosmic strings
Creators: name: Chianese, Marco
name: Datta, Satyabrata
name: Miele, Gennaro
name: Samanta, Rome
name: Saviano, Ninetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic strings radiate detectable gravitational waves in models featuring high-scale symmetry breaking, e.g., high-scale leptogenesis. In this Letter, for the first time, we show that different flavored regimes of high-scale leptogenesis can be tested with the spectral features in cosmic string-radiated gravitational waves. This is possible if the scalar field that makes right-handed neutrinos massive is feebly coupled to the Standard Model Higgs. Each flavored regime, sensitive to low-energy neutrino experiments, leaves a marked imprint on the gravitational waves spectrum. A three-flavor and a two-flavor regime could be probed by a characteristic fall-off of the gravitational wave spectrum at the LISA-DECIGO-ET frequency bands with preceding scale-invariant amplitudes bounded from above and below. We present Gravitational Waves windows for Flavored Regimes of Leptogenesis (GWFRL) testable in the upcoming experiments. We also provide the first construction of a leptogenesis framework where a testable distinction of flavor regimes is possible without constraining the flavor structure of the theory.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, plus supplemental material. v2: version published in PRD Letter
fruit-SALAD: A Style Aligned Artwork Dataset to reveal similarity perception in image embeddings
Creators: name: Ohm, Tillmann
name: Karjus, Andres
name: Tamm, Mikhail
name: Schich, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The notion of visual similarity is essential for computer vision, and in applications and studies revolving around vector embeddings of images. However, the scarcity of benchmark datasets poses a significant hurdle in exploring how these models perceive similarity. Here we introduce Style Aligned Artwork Datasets (SALADs), and an example of fruit-SALAD with 10,000 images of fruit depictions. This combined semantic category and style benchmark comprises 100 instances each of 10 easy-to-recognize fruit categories, across 10 easy distinguishable styles. Leveraging a systematic pipeline of generative image synthesis, this visually diverse yet balanced benchmark demonstrates salient differences in semantic category and style similarity weights across various computational models, including machine learning models, feature extraction algorithms, and complexity measures, as well as conceptual models for reference. This meticulously designed dataset offers a controlled and balanced platform for the comparative analysis of similarity perception. The SALAD framework allows the comparison of how these models perform semantic category and style recognition task to go beyond the level of anecdotal knowledge, making it robustly quantifiable and qualitatively interpretable.
Extraction of the x-dependence of the non-perturbative QCD b-quark fragmentation distribution component
Creators: name: Ben-Haim, E.
name: Bambade, Ph.
name: Roudeau, P.
name: Savoy-Navarro, A.
name: Stocchi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using recent measurements of the b-quark fragmentation distribution obtained in $e^+e^- \to b \bar{b}$ events registered at the Z pole, the non-perturbative QCD component of the distribution has been extracted independently of any hadronic physics modelling. This distribution depends only on the way the perturbative QCD component has been defined. When the perturbative QCD component is taken from a parton shower Monte-Carlo, the non-perturbative QCD component is rather similar with those obtained from the Lund or Bowler models. When the perturbative QCD component is the result of an analytic NLL computation, the non-perturbative QCD component has to be extended in a non-physical region and thus cannot be described by any hadronic modelling. In the two examples used to characterize these two situations, which are studied at present, it happens that the extracted non-perturbative QCD distribution has the same shape, being simply translated to higher-x values in the second approach, illustrating the ability of the analytic perturbative QCD approach to account for softer gluon radiation than with a parton shower generator.
description: 13 pages
A multi-class multi-residue method for the analysis of polyether ionophores, tetracyclines and sulfonamides in multi-matrices of animal and aquaculture fish tissues by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Ovokeroye A. Abafe
name: Pumza Gatyeni
name: Lungile Matika
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) based multiclass multi-residue method for the simultaneous analysis of 5 polyether ionophores, 4 tetracycline and 10 sulfonamides in animal and aquaculture fish tissues was developed and validated. Sample extraction and clean-up were based on a modified QuEChERS method. The method was validated using an in-house validation based on performance characteristics modified from Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Both matrix effect and uncertainties associated with sample preparation and instrumental analysis were minimised by the use of matrix-matched calibrations. Recoveries of analytes were generally satisfactory and typically fell between 80% and 113%. The repeatability and intermediate reproducibility measured as relative standard deviations were in most cases less than 15% (n = 63). The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) ranged from 110.7 to 125.8 and 121.5 to 151.7 µg kg−1 for tetracyclines, 113.4 to 118.3 and 116.8 to 126.5 µg kg−1 for sulfonamides and 50.8 to 52.4 and 51.5 to 55.6 µg kg−1 for polyether ionophores, respectively. The method displayed its fitness for purpose through satisfactory results obtained in international proficiency testing schemes. The method was applied to animal and aquaculture fish tissues obtained from different sources in South Africa. Polyether ionophores were predominantly detected in samples in the range 4.26–290.10 µg/kg. Oxytetracycline was found in one porcine liver sample; however, none of the targeted analytes were present above the detection limit in the aquaculture samples.
Updated occurrence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPD) and glycidyl esters in infant formulas purchased in the United States between 2017 and 2019
Creators: name: Beekman, Jessica K.
name: Grassi, Kaitlin
name: MacMahon, Shaun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidol are potentially carcinogenic and/or genotoxic processing contaminants that are formed during the process of edible oil refining. Because of their toxicological properties, the presence of these compounds in refined oils and foods containing these oils, particularly infant formula, poses a potential food safety concern. For this reason, recent research efforts have focussed on the development of methods for the analysis of MCPD and glycidyl esters in infant formula in order to estimate levels of exposure. This work presents occurrence data for 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in 222 infant formulas purchased in the United States between December 2017 and January 2019. The results of this study show a wide range of contaminant concentrations across four different manufacturers, with average bound 3-MCPD concentrations ranging from 0.035 µg g−1 to 0.63 µg g−1 and average bound glycidol concentrations ranging from 0.019 µg g−1 to 0.22 µg g−1. The data suggest that manufacturers B and C source palm oil produced with mitigation measures, leading to reduced amounts of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in their infant formulas. Additionally, comparison with a previously published study in our laboratory of the occurrence of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in infant formula purchased in the U.S. between 2013 and 2016 revealed that, since 2016, contaminant concentrations have decreased in products produced by manufacturers A, B, and C, while contaminant amounts in formulas from manufacturer D have slightly increased.
Luminescence dating of the loess/palaeosol sequence at the gravel quarry Gaul/Weilbach, Southern Hesse (Germany)
Creators: name: Schmidt, Esther Dorothe
name: Semmel, Arno
name: Frechen, Manfred
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Eine mächtige Löss-Paläoboden-Sequenz des Mittel- und Spätpleistozäns ist in der Kiesgrube Gaul östlich von Weilbach im südlichen Taunusvorland aufgeschlossen. Lösse der letzten drei Glazialzyklen, mit zwischengeschalteten Paläoböden, sind aufgeschlossen. Sieben Proben wurden mit der Lumineszenz-Datierungsmethode, basierend auf einem post-IR IRSL Messprotokoll, untersucht, um einen verlässlicheren chronologischen Rahmen für diese Sedimente zu etablieren. Die „fading“ korrigierten IR50 und die pIRIR225 Alter sind für fast alle Proben in guter Übereinstimmung. Die IRSL Alter reichen von 23.7 ± 1.6 ka bis >350 ka und deuten an, dass der älteste Löss während des marinen Isotopenstadiums (MIS) 10 oder früher abgelagert wurde, und dass die Weilbacher Humuszonen sehr wahrscheinlich während einer späten Phase des MIS 7 gebildet wurden. Lösse über dem fCc Horizont wurden sehr wahrscheinlich während des MIS 6 abgelagert, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Reste des Paläobodens nicht mit dem letzten Interglazial korrelieren. Die beiden obersten Proben deuten darauf hin, dass der jüngste Löss während dem letzten Pleniglazial (Oberwürm, MIS 2) abgelagert wurde. Mit dem pIRIR225 Signal konnten Alter bis ~350 ka für die Proben der Löss-Paläoboden-Sequenz in der Kiesgrube Gaul gemessen werden.
description: research
Cryptosphaeria nigrescens Lar. N. Vassiljeva & H. X. Ma 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Vasilyeva, Larissa
name: Ma, Haixia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Sordariomycetes
Xylariales
Diatrypaceae
Cryptosphaeria
Cryptosphaeria nigrescens

description: Cryptosphaeria nigrescens Lar.N. Vassiljeva & H.X. Ma, sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 16) MB 809638
 Type:— CHINA. Jilin Province: Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, Huangsongpu area, on dead branch of Populus davidiana Dode, 27 August 2013, L. Vasilyeva, VLA P-2801, holotype!
 Differs from Cryptosphaeria lygniota mostly in prominent and furrowed ostioles and slightly wider ascospores.
Stromata immersed in bark, inflated and blackened, irregular, widely effused or spot-shaped, surrounded by a black line deeply in the back, recognized by the crowded and separately emerging tops of short perithecial beaks (ostioles) which are prominent, black and furrowed, up to 300 µm diam.; perithecia monostichous or distichous, scattered or aggregated, singly erumpent, 300–400 µm diam. Asci cylindrical, paraphysate, 45–55 × 9–11 µm in spore bearing part, stalks of different length, containing 8 biseriate or conglobate ascospores, apical ring tiny and non-amyloid. Ascospores one-celled, allantoid or almost straight and ellipsopid, slightly greenish, (7.5–)8–10 × 2.5–3 µm.
 Etymology:—Refers the blackening appearance of stromata.
 This species seems to be restricted to the area around the Sea of Japan (north-eastern provinces of China, south of eastern Russia). It is more common in the south of the Russian Far East than Cryptosphaeria lygniota, but its concept was not very clear so far, so all the relevant specimens were identified as C. lygniota (Vasilyeva 1998). The key to Cryptosphaeria species (l.c., p. 115) divides species into groups with 1) large and cross-shaped, 2) prominent and furrowed and 3) small integrated ostioles, and the group of specimens under the name ‘ C. lygniota ’ was assigned to the second group, although this feature does not suit C. lygniota and characterizes C. nigrescens (Fig. 3). The problems of differentiation of two species were mostly associated with the fact that young specimens of C. nigrescens have ostioles comparable with those in C. lygniota, so there was an impression of transition between the two forms without definite borderline. In addition, the length of ascospores of two species lies in the same range of variability, although ascospores of C. nigrescens are slightly wider (cf. Figs. 15 and 16).
description: Published as part of Vasilyeva, Larissa & Ma, Haixia, 2014, Diatrypaceous fungi in north-eastern China. 1. Cryptosphaeria and Diatrype, pp. 261-270 in Phytotaxa 186 (5) on pages 262-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.186.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5153763