cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure of the Ge/Si(105) hetero-interface
Creators: name: Sheverdyaeva, Polina M.
name: Hogan, Conor
name: Sgarlata, Anna
name: Fazi, Laura
name: Fanfoni, Massimo
name: Persichetti, Luca
name: Moras, Paolo
name: Balzarotti, Adalberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin Ge layers deposited on Si(105) form a stable single-domain film structure with large terraces and rebonded-step surface termination, thus realizing an extended and ordered Ge/Si planar hetero-junction. At the coverage of four Ge monolayers angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals the presence of two-dimensional surface and film bands displaying energy-momentum dispersion compatible with the 5x4 periodicity of the system. The good agreement between experiment and first-principles electronic structure calculations confirms the validity of the rebonded-step structural model. The direct observation of surface features within 1 eV below the valence band maximum corroborates previously reported analysis of the electronic and optical behavior of the Ge/Si hetero-interface.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Exponentially long transient time to synchronization of coupled chaotic circle maps in dense random networks
Creators: name: Mendonca, Hans Muller
name: Tönjes, Ralf
name: Pereira, Tiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transition to synchronization in large, dense networks of chaotic circle maps, where an exact solution of the mean-field dynamics in the infinite network and all-to-all coupling limit is known. In dense networks of finite size and link probability of smaller than one, the incoherent state is meta-stable for coupling strengths that are larger than the mean-field critical coupling. We observe chaotic transients with exponentially distributed escape times and study the scaling behavior of the mean time to synchronization.
Massively Parallel Tree Embeddings for High Dimensional Spaces
Creators: name: Ahanchi, Amirmohsen
name: Andoni, Alexandr
name: Hajiaghayi, MohammadTaghi
name: Knittel, Marina
name: Zhong, Peilin
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Massively Parallel Computation
embeddings

description: Efficient computation on massive high-dimensional data greatly benefits from efficient embedding techniques into simpler metrics. Perhaps the most celebrated technique is the dimension reduction à-la Johnson and Lindenstrauss [46]. Another important method embeds the data into a tree metric space, first efficiently achieved by Bartal [14]. Both of these algorithmic tools are among the most general theorems with numerous applications. In this paper, we study these two embedding methods in the Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model. We develop a new hybrid partitioning algorithm which generalizes both random shifted grid and ball partitioning methods for generating tree embeddings. This leads to an 𝑂(1)-round randomized MPC algorithm for embedding high-dimensional data into a tree while approximating the distance between any two points within a factor of 𝑂e(log1.5 𝑛) (and thus distortion 𝑂e(log1.5 𝑛)) in expectation as long as the aspect ratio is 𝑂(poly(𝑛)). This Euclidean result beats the lower bound of Ω(log𝑛) MPC rounds for tree embeddings of general metric spaces and can extend to a number of problems, including densest ball, minimum spanning tree, and Earth-Mover distance. Along the way, we implement and use Ailon and Chazelle’s Fast Johnson Lindenstrauss Transform [2] with sublinear memory and 𝑂(1) MPC rounds, which is of its own interest.
A Stackelberg viral marketing design for two competing players
Creators: name: De Silva, Olivier Lindamulage
name: Varma, Vineeth Satheeskumar
name: Cao, Ming
name: Morarescu, Irinel-Constantin
name: Lasaulce, Samson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A Stackelberg duopoly model in which two firms compete to maximize their market share is considered. The firms offer a service/product to customers that are spread over several geographical regions (e.g., countries, provinces, or states). Each region has its own characteristics (spreading and recovery rates) of each service propagation. We consider that the spreading rate can be controlled by each firm and is subject to some investment that the firm does in each region. One of the main objectives of this work is to characterize the advertising budget allocation strategy for each firm across regions to maximize its market share when competing. To achieve this goal we propose a Stackelberg game model that is relatively simple while capturing the main effects of the competition for market share. {By characterizing the strong/weak Stackelberg equilibria of the game, we provide the associated budget allocation strategy.} In this setting, it is established under which conditions the solution of the game is the so-called ``winner takes all". Numerical results expand upon our theoretical findings and we provide the equilibrium characterization for an example.
description: This paper appears in: IEEE Control Systems Letters
Sirius: A Self-Localization System for Resource-Constrained IoT Sensors
Creators: name: Garg, Nakul
name: Roy, Nirupam
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: low-power sensing
IoT
ultra-low-power localization
embedded AI
low-power antenna

description: Low-power sensor networks are transforming large-scale sensing in precision farming, livestock tracking, climate-monitoring and surveying. Accurate and robust localization in such low-power sensor nodes has never been as crucial as it is today. This paper presents, Sirius, a self-localization system using a single receiver for low-power IoT nodes. Traditionally, systems have relied on antenna arrays and tight synchronization to estimate angle-of-arrival (AoA) and time-of-flight with known access points. While these techniques work well for regular mobile systems, low-power IoT nodes lack the resources to support these complex systems. Sirius explores the use of gain-pattern reconfigurable antennas with passive envelope detector-based radios to perform AoA estimation without requiring any kind of synchronization. It shows a technique to embed direction specific codes to the received signals which are transparent to regular communication channel but carry AoA information with them. Sirius embeds these direction-specific codes by using reconfigurable antennas and fluctuating the gain pattern of the antenna. Our prototype demonstrates a median error of 7 degrees in AoA estimation and 2.5 meters in localization, which is similar to state-of-the-art antenna array-based systems. Sirius opens up new possibilities for low-power IoT nodes.
Faraday and resonant waves in binary collisionally-inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Sudharsan, J. B.
name: Radha, R.
name: Raportaru, Mihaela Carina
name: Nicolin, Alexandru I.
name: Balaz, Antun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Faraday and resonant waves in two-component quasi-one-dimensional (cigar-shaped) collisionally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates subject to periodic modulation of the radial confinement. We show by means of extensive numerical simulations that, as the system exhibits stronger spatially-localised binary collisions (whose scattering length is taken for convenience to be of Gaussian form), the system becomes effectively a linear one. In other words, as the scattering length approaches a delta-function, we observe that the two nonlinear configurations typical for binary cigar-shaped condensates, namely the segregated and the symbiotic one, turn into two overlapping Gaussian wave functions typical for linear systems, and that the instability onset times of the Faraday and resonant waves become longer. Moreover, our numerical simulations show that the spatial period of the excited waves (either resonant or Faraday ones) decreases as the inhomogeneity becomes stronger. Our results also demonstrate that the topology of the ground state impacts the dynamics of the ensuing density waves, and that the instability onset times of Faraday and resonant waves, for a given level of inhomogeneity in the two-body interactions, depend on whether the initial configuration is segregated or symbiotic.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures
ThermWare: Toward Side-channel Defense for Tiny IoT Devices
Creators: name: Garg, Nakul
name: Shahid, Irtaza
name: Avllazagaj, Erin
name: Hill, Jennie
name: Han, Jun
name: Roy, Nirupam
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: malware detection
thermal side-channel
security
embedded systems

description: As malware in IoT devices !ourishes, defenses are lacking. Traditional antivirus or intrusion detection-based defense techniques fail for the limited computational capabilities and the large diversity of platforms and environments. In this paper, we present ThermWare, a non-intrusive screening method to detect anomalous operations on embedded devices at run-time. ThermWare relies on the observation that electronic circuits generate subtle patterns of heat at the component level when the corresponding module is accessed by the micro-operations (e.g., file-write) of the running code. We propose the use of these side-channel heat signatures captured by a thermal camera to determine the sequence of underlying computations in real time. An early implementation of ThermWare shows success in detecting common malware routines in general-purpose IoT devices. We envision leveraging the thermal side-channel to track the internal operations of an embedded device, which can potentially lead to broader applications in engineering embedded systems, monitoring device health and run-time capacity, assisting embedded coding optimization, and physical layer security analysis.
Origin of the electron disproportionation in the metallic sodium cobaltates
Creators: name: Lysogorskiy, Y. V.
name: Krivenko, S. A.
name: Mukhamedshin, I. R.
name: Gilmutdinov, I. F.
name: Nedopekin, O. V.
name: Tayurskii, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the unusual metallic state with a substantially non-uniform distribution of a charge and mag\-ne\-tic density in CoO$_2$ planes was found experimentally in the Na$_x$CoO$_2$ compound with $x>0.6$. We have investigated an origin of such electron disproportionation in the lamellar sodium cobaltates by calculating the ion states as a function of a strength of the electron correlations in the $d$(Co)-shells within the GGA+U approximation for the system with a realistic crystal structure. It was found that the nonuniformity of spin and charge densities are induced by an ordering of the sodium cations and enhanced correlations. Two important magnetic states of cobalt lattice competing with each other at realistic values of the correlation parameter were found~---~low spin hexagons (LS) and higher spin kagomé lattice (HS-KSL). In the heterogeneous metallic HS-KSL phase magnetic Co ions form a kagomé structure. In LS phase the kagomé pattern is decomposed into hexagons and Co ions possess minimal values of their spin. Coexistence of these states could explain the emergence of the disproportionation with the peculiar kagomé structure experimentally revealed in previous studies of the cobaltates.
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Division for Multiuser MISO Broadcast Channels
Creators: name: Dong, Zheng
name: Zhang, Yan-Yu
name: Zhang, Jian-Kang
name: Gao, Xiang-Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers a discrete-time multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) Gaussian broadcast channel~(BC), in which channel state information (CSI) is available at both the transmitter and the receivers. The flexible and explicit design of a uniquely decomposable constellation group (UDCG) is provided based on pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations. With this, a modulation division (MD) transmission scheme is developed for the MISO BC. The proposed MD scheme enables each receiver to uniquely and efficiently detect their desired signals from the superposition of mutually interfering cochannel signals in the absence of noise. In our design, the optimal transmitter beamforming problem is solved in a closed-form for two-user MISO BC using max-min fairness as a design criterion. Then, for a general case with more than two receivers, we develop a user-grouping-based beamforming scheme, where the grouping method, beamforming vector design and power allocation problems are addressed by using weighted max-min fairness. It is shown that our proposed approach has a lower probability of error compared with the zero-forcing (ZF) method when the Hermitian angle between the two channel vectors is small in a two-user case. In addition, simulation results also reveal that for the general channel model with more than two users, our user-grouping-based scheme significantly outperforms the ZF, time division (TD), minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio (SLNR) based techniques in moderate and high SNR regimes when the number of users approaches to the number of base station (BS) antennas and it degrades into the ZF scheme when the number of users is far less than the number of BS antennas in Rayleigh fading channels.
Code Code Evolution: Understanding How People Change Data Science Notebooks Over Time
Creators: name: Raghunandan, Deepthi
name: Roy, Aayushi
name: Shi, Shenzhi
name: Elmqvist, Niklas
name: Battle, Leilani
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: computational notebooks
machine learning
sensemaking
data science
data exploration
analysis

description: Sensemaking is the iterative process of identifying, extracting, and explaining insights from data, where each iteration is referred to as the “sensemaking loop.” However, little is known about how sensemaking behavior evolves from exploration and explanation during this process. This gap limits our ability to understand the full scope of sensemaking, which in turn inhibits the design of tools that support the process. We contribute the first mixed-method to characterize how sensemaking evolves within computational notebooks. We study 2,574 Jupyter notebooks mined from GitHub by identifying data science notebooks that have undergone significant iterations, presenting a regression model that automatically characterizes sensemaking activity, and using this regression model to calculate and analyze shifts in activity across GitHub versions. Our results show that notebook authors participate in various sensemaking tasks over time, such as annotation, branching analysis, and documentation. We use our insights to recommend extensions to current notebook environments.
Modelling the thermal X-ray emission around the Galactic centre from colliding Wolf-Rayet winds
Creators: name: Russell, Christopher M. P.
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Cuadra, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic centre is a hotbed of astrophysical activity, with the injection of wind material from $\sim$30 massive Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars orbiting within 12" of the super-massive black hole (SMBH) playing an important role. Hydrodynamic simulations of such colliding and accreting winds produce a complex density and temperature structure of cold wind material shocking with the ambient medium, creating a large reservoir of hot, X-ray-emitting gas. This work aims to confront the 3Ms of Chandra X-ray Visionary Program (XVP) observations of this diffuse emission by computing the X-ray emission from these hydrodynamic simulations of the colliding WR winds, amid exploring a variety of SMBH feedback mechanisms. The major success of the model is that it reproduces the spectral shape from the 2"--5" ring around the SMBH, where most of the stellar wind material that is ultimately captured by Sgr A* is shock-heated and thermalised. This naturally explains that the hot gas comes from colliding WR winds, and that the wind speeds of these stars are in general well constrained. The flux level of these spectra, as well as 12"$\times$12" images of 4--9 keV, show the X-ray flux is tied to the SMBH feedback strength; stronger feedback clears out more hot gas, thereby decreasing the thermal X-ray emission. The model in which Sgr A* produced an intermediate-strength outflow during the last few centuries best matches the observations to within about 10%, showing SMBH feedback is required to interpret the X-ray emission in this region.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "Proceedings of IAU Symposium 322: The Multi-Messenger Astrophysics of the Galactic Centre," Steve Longmore, Geoff Bicknell and Roland Crocker, eds
Understanding Context to Capture when Reconstructing Meaningful Spaces for Remote Instruction and Connecting in XR
Creators: name: Maddali, Hanuma Teja
name: Lazar, Amanda
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Extended Reality
3D reconstruction
intergenerational study
contextual capture
remote instruction
hobby activities
gardening
metaverse

description: Recent technological advances are enabling HCI researchers to explore interaction possibilities for remote XR collaboration using high-fidelity reconstructions of physical activity spaces. However, creating these reconstructions often lacks user involvement with an overt focus on capturing sensory context that does not necessarily augment an informal social experience. This work seeks to understand social context that can be important for reconstruction to enable XR applications for informal instructional scenarios. Our study involved the evaluation of an XR remote guidance prototype by 8 intergenerational groups of closely related gardeners using reconstructions of personally meaningful spaces in their gardens. Our findings contextualize physical objects and areas with various motivations related to gardening and detail perceptions of XR that might affect the use of reconstructions for remote interaction. We discuss implications for user involvement to create reconstructions that better translate real-world experience, encourage reflection, incorporate privacy considerations, and preserve shared experiences with XR as a medium for informal intergenerational activities.
Radiative Transfer Model of Dust Attenuation Curves in Clumpy, Galactic Environments
Creators: name: Seon, Kwang-Il
name: Draine, Bruce T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The attenuation of starlight by dust in galactic environments is investigated through models of radiative transfer in a spherical, clumpy ISM. Extinction properties for MW, LMC, and SMC dust types are considered. It is illustrated that the attenuation curves are primarily determined by the wavelength dependence of absorption rather than by the underlying extinction (absorption+scattering) curve. Attenuation curves consistent with the "Calzetti attenuation curve" are found by assuming the silicate-carbonaceous dust model for the MW, but with the 2175A absorption bump suppressed or absent. The discrepancy between our results and previous work that claimed the SMC-type dust to be the most likely origin of the Calzetti curve is ascribed to the difference in adopted albedos; this study uses the theoretically calculated albedos whereas the previous ones adopted empirically derived albedos from observations of reflection nebulae. It is also found that the model attenuation curves calculated with the MW dust are well represented by a modified Calzetti curve with a varying slope and UV bump strength. The strong correlation between the slope and UV bump strength, with steeper curves having stronger bumps, as found in star-forming galaxies at 0.5
description: 28 pages, 30 figures, submited to ApJS
HATS-31b Through HATS-35b: Five Transiting Hot Jupiters Discovered by the HATSouth Survey
Creators: name: de Val-Borro, M.
name: Bakos, G. Á.
name: Brahm, R.
name: Hartman, J. D.
name: Espinoza, N.
name: Penev, K.
name: Ciceri, S.
name: Jordán, A.
name: Bhatti, W.
name: Csubry, Z.
name: Bayliss, D.
name: Bento, J.
name: Zhou, G.
name: Rabus, M.
name: Mancini, L.
name: Henning, T.
name: Schmidt, B.
name: Tan, T. G.
name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Wright, D. J.
name: Kedziora-Chudczer, L.
name: Bailey, J.
name: Suc, V.
name: Durkan, S.
name: Lázár, J.
name: Papp, I.
name: Sári, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of five new transiting hot Jupiter planets discovered by the HATSouth survey: HATS-31b through HATS-35b. These planets orbit moderately bright stars with V magnitudes within the range 11.9-14.4mag while the planets span a range of masses 0.88-1.22MJ, and have somewhat inflated radii between 1.23-1.64RJ.These planets can be classified as typical hot Jupiters, with HATS-31b and HATS-35b being moderately inflated gas giant planets with radii of $1.64 \pm 0.22$ RJ and 1.464+0.069-0.044RJ, respectively, that can be used to constrain inflation mechanisms. All five systems present a higher Bayesian evidence for a fixed circular orbit model than for an eccentric orbit. The orbital periods range from $1.8209993 \pm 0.0000016$ day for HATS-35b) to $3.377960 \pm 0.000012$ day for HATS-31b. Additionally, HATS-35b orbits a relatively young F star with an age of $2.13 \pm 0.51$ Gyr. We discuss the analysis to derive the properties of these systems and compare them in the context of the sample of well characterized transiting hot Jupiters known to date.
description: submitted to ApJ
A Study on the Local Militias in the Early and Mid-Qing Dynasty
Creators: name: Mao, Xiaorui
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: militia
subject: Qing China

description: Local militia, or tuanlian, was a crucial part of the paramilitary forces of the Qing Empire. This thesis studies the Qing militia in the early and mid-Qing dynasty (circa the 1650s to 1830s), especially the rise of the militia as a system of local defense in the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) and the institutional legacy it left behind. In contrast to the traditional views that regarded local militia as a gentry-controlled military form emerging only after the mid-19th century, I reveal the continuity of a state-dominated militia tradition from the 17th to the 19th century and highlight the impact of key events on institutional transformation.
Strain Engineering of the Band Gap of HgTe Quantum Wells using Superlattice Virtual Substrates
Creators: name: Leubner, Philipp
name: Lunczer, Lukas
name: Brüne, Christoph
name: Buhmann, Hartmut
name: Molenkamp, Laurens W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HgTe quantum well (QW) is a well-characterized two-dimensional topological insulator (2D-TI). Its band gap is relatively small (typically on the order of 10 meV), which restricts the observation of purely topological conductance to low temperatures. Here, we utilize the strain-dependence of the band structure of HgTe QWs to address this limitation. We use $\text{CdTe}-\text{Cd}_{0.5}\text{Zn}_{0.5}\text{Te}$ strained-layer superlattices on GaAs as virtual substrates with adjustable lattice constant to control the strain of the QW. We present magneto-transport measurements, which demonstrate a transition from a semi- metallic to a 2D-TI regime in wide QWs, when the strain is changed from tensile to compressive. Most notably, we demonstrate a much enhanced energy gap of 55 meV in heavily compressively strained QWs. This value exceeds the highest possible gap on common II-VI substrates by a factor of 2-3, and extends the regime where the topological conductance prevails to much higher temperatures.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures (including supplementary section), accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Boosting Norwegian Automatic Speech Recognition
Creators: name: de la Rosa, Javier
name: Braaten, Rolv-Arild
name: Kummervold, Per Egil
name: Wetjen, Freddy
name: Brygfjeld, Svein Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present several baselines for automatic speech recognition (ASR) models for the two official written languages in Norway: Bokmål and Nynorsk. We compare the performance of models of varying sizes and pre-training approaches on multiple Norwegian speech datasets. Additionally, we measure the performance of these models against previous state-of-the-art ASR models, as well as on out-of-domain datasets. We improve the state of the art on the Norwegian Parliamentary Speech Corpus (NPSC) from a word error rate (WER) of 17.10\% to 7.60\%, with models achieving 5.81\% for Bokmål and 11.54\% for Nynorsk. We also discuss the challenges and potential solutions for further improving ASR models for Norwegian.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. Published as Proceedings NoDaLiDa 2023, pages 555--564
Double Resonance in Dalitz Plot of M(pLambda)-M(KLambda) in DISTO Data on p+p rightarrow p+Lambda+K+ at 2.85 GeV
Creators: name: Suzuki, K.
name: Yamazaki, T.
name: Maggiora, M.
name: Kienle, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X(2265) resonance was previously observed in DISTO data of p+p rightarrow p+Lambda+K+ at 2.85 GeV on an attempt of searching for the kaonic nuclear state K-pp rightarrow p + Lambda. In the present paper we report an additional finding, namely, a double resonance type phenomena, not only with a peak at M(pLambda) = 2265 MeV/c2 but also a broad bump at M(K+ Lambda) ~ 1700 MeV/c2. This "double-resonance" zone is expressed as XY(2265, 1700). The latter bump may result from nearby nucleon resonances, typically N*(1710), as well as by attractive K - Lambda final-state interaction. We point out that this double resonance XY(2265, 1700) as seen in DISTO at 2.85 GeV cannot be populated kinematically in a HADES experiment at 3.5 GeV.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, HYP2015 conference
A sensitive search for unknown spectral emission lines in the diffuse X-ray background with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Gewering-Peine, A.
name: Horns, D.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model of particle physics can be extended to include sterile (right-handed) neutrinos or axions to solve the dark matter problem. Depending upon the mixing angle between active and sterile neutrinos, the latter have the possibility to decay into monoenergetic active neutrinos and photons in the keV-range while axions can couple to two photons. We have used data taken with X-ray telescopes like e.g. XMM-Newton for the search of line emissions. We used pointings with high exposures and expected dark matter column densities with respect to the dark matter halo of the Milky Way. The posterior predictive p-value analysis has been applied to locate parameter space regions which favour additional emission lines. In addition, upper limits of the parameter space of the models have been generated such that the preexisting limits have been significantly improved.
description: 32 pages
Generation of energy-entangled W states via parametric fluorescence in integrated devices
Creators: name: Menotti, M.
name: Maccone, L.
name: Sipe, J. E.
name: Liscidini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tripartite entangled states, such as GHZ and W states, are typically generated by manipulating two pairs of polarization-entangled photons in bulk optics. Here we propose a scheme to generate W states that are entangled in the energy degree of freedom in an integrated optical circuit. Our approach employs photon pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a micro- ring resonator. We also present a feasible procedure for demonstrating the generation of such a state, and we compare polarization-entangled and energy-entangled schemes for the preparation of W states.
Toucha11y: Making Inaccessible Public Touchscreens Accessible
Creators: name: Li, Jiasheng
name: Yan, Zeyu
name: Shah, Arush
name: Lazar, Jonathan
name: Peng, Huaishu
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: accessibility
touchscreen appliances
robotic
visual impairments

description: Despite their growing popularity, many public kiosks with touchscreens are inaccessible to blind people. Toucha11y is a working prototype that allows blind users to use existing inaccessible touchscreen kiosks independently and with little effort. Toucha11y consists of a mechanical bot that can be instrumented to an arbitrary touchscreen kiosk by a blind user and a companion app on their smartphone. The bot, once attached to a touchscreen, will recognize its content, retrieve the corresponding information from a database, and render it on the user’s smartphone. As a result, a blind person can use the smartphone’s built-in accessibility features to access content and make selections. The mechanical bot will detect and activate the corresponding touchscreen interface. We present the system design of Toucha11y along with a series of technical evaluations. Through a user study, we found out that Toucha11y could help blind users operate inaccessible touchscreen devices.
Improved radial basis function approach with the odd-even corrections
Creators: name: Niu, Z. M.
name: Sun, B. H.
name: Liang, H. Z.
name: Niu, Y. F.
name: Guo, J. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radial basis function (RBF) approach has been used to improve the mass predictions of nuclear models. However, systematic deviations exist between the improved masses and the experimental data for nuclei with different odd-even parities of ($Z$, $N$), i.e., the (even $Z$, even $N$), (even $Z$, odd $N$), (odd $Z$, even $N$), and (odd $Z$, odd $N$). By separately training the RBF for these four different groups, it is found that the systematic odd-even deviations can be cured in a large extend and the predictive power of nuclear mass models can thus be further improved. Moreover, this new approach can better reproduce the single-nucleon separation energies. Based on the latest version of Weizsäcker-Skyrme model WS4, the root-mean-square deviation of the improved masses with respect to known data falls to $135$ keV, approaching the chaos-related unpredictability limit ($\sim 100$ keV).
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Exploring Immersive Interpersonal Communication via AR
Creators: name: Lee, Kyungjun
name: Li, Hong
name: Wellyanto, Muhammad Rizky
name: Tham, Yu Jiang
name: Monroy-Hernández, Andrés
name: Liu, Fannie
name: Smith, Brian A.
name: Vaish, Rajan
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: experience crafting
immersive communication
AR
messaging
smartglasses
smartphones

description: A central challenge of social computing research is to enable people to communicate expressively with each other remotely. Augmented reality has great promise for expressive communication since it enables communication beyond texts and photos and towards immersive experiences rendered in recipients' physical environments. Little research, however, has explored AR's potential for everyday interpersonal communication. In this work, we prototype an AR messaging system, ARwand, to understand people's behaviors and perceptions around communicating with friends via AR messaging. We present our findings under four themes observed from a user study with 24 participants, including the types of immersive messages people choose to send to each other, which factors contribute to a sense of immersiveness, and what concerns arise over this new form of messaging. We discuss important implications of our findings on the design of future immersive communication systems.
Structure Assisted Spectrum Sensing for Low-power Acoustic Event Detection
Creators: name: Garg, Nakul
name: Takawale, Harshvardhan
name: Bai, Yang
name: Shahid, Irtaza
name: Roy, Nirupam
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: low-power sensing
IoT
ambient sensing
ambient computing
acoustic metamaterial
spectral sensing
structural filters
passive computing

description: Acoustic sensing has conventionally been dependent on highfrequency sampling of analog signals and frequency domain analysis in digital domain which is power-hungry. While these techniques work well for regular devices, low-power acoustic sensors demand for an alternative approach. In this work, we propose Lyra, a novel low-power acoustic sensing architecture that employs carefully designed passive structures to filter incoming sound waves and extract their frequency components. We eliminate power-hungry components such as ADC and digital FFT operations and instead propose to use low-power analog circuitry to process the signals. Lyra aims to provide a low-power platform for a range of maintenance-free acoustic event monitoring and ambient computing applications.
Four-dimensional unsubtraction with massive particles
Creators: name: Sborlini, German F. R.
name: Driencourt-Mangin, Felix
name: Rodrigo, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the four-dimensional unsubtraction method, which is based on the loop-tree duality (LTD), to deal with processes involving heavy particles. The method allows to perform the summation over degenerate IR configurations directly at integrand level in such a way that NLO corrections can be implemented directly in four space-time dimensions. We define a general momentum mapping between the real and virtual kinematics that accounts properly for the quasi-collinear configurations, and leads to an smooth massless limit. We illustrate the method first with an scalar toy example, and then analyse the case of the decay of a scalar or vector boson into a pair of massive quarks. The results presented in this paper are suitable for the application of the method to any multipartonic process.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures
Anisotropic dependence of tune-out wavelength near Dy 741-nm transition
Creators: name: Kao, Wil
name: Tang, Yijun
name: Burdick, Nathaniel Q.
name: Lev, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first measurement of a tune-out wavelength for ground-state bosonic Dy and linearly polarized light. The tune-out wavelength measured is near the narrow-line 741-nm transition in $^{162}$Dy, and is the wavelength at which the total Stark shift of the ground state vanishes. We find that it strongly depends on the relative angle between the optical field and quantization axis due to Dy's large tensor polarizability. This anisotropy provides a wide, 22-GHz tunability of the tune-out frequency for linearly polarized light, in contrast to Rb and Cs whose near-infrared tune-out wavelengths do not exhibit large anisotropy. The measurements of the total light shift are performed by measuring the contrast of multipulse Kapitza-Dirac diffraction. The calculated wavelengths are within a few GHz of the measured values using known Dy electronic transition data. The lack of hyperfine structure in bosonic Dy implies that the tune-out wavelengths for the other bosonic Dy isotopes should be related to this $^{162}$Dy measurement by the known isotope shifts.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
A Review and Collation of Graphical Perception Knowledge for Visualization Recommendation
Creators: name: Zeng, Zhua
name: Battle, Leilani
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: literature review
human perception
visualization design

description: Selecting appropriate visual encodings is critical to designing effective visualization recommendation systems, yet few findings from graphical perception are typically applied within these systems. We observe two significant limitations in translating graphical perception knowledge into actionable visualization recommendation rules/constraints: inconsistent reporting of findings and a lack of shared data across studies. How can we translate the graphical perception literature into a knowledge base for visualization recommendation? We present a review of 59 papers that study user perception and performance across ten visual analysis tasks. Through this study, we contribute a JSON dataset that collates existing theoretical and experimental knowledge and summarizes key study outcomes in graphical perception. We illustrate how this dataset can inform automated encoding decisions with three representative visualization recommendation systems. Based on our findings, we highlight open challenges and opportunities for the community in collating graphical perception knowledge for a range of visualization recommendation scenarios.
Responses to water stress extremes in diverse red clover germplasm accessions
Creators: name: Heslop, Angus
name: Jahufer, Zulfi
name: Hofmann, Rainer
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2023
Subjects: Plant physiology
Plant biology

description: Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a key perennial pastoral species used globally, can strengthen pastural mixes to withstand increasingly disruptive weather patterns from climate change. Breeding selections can be refined for this purpose by obtaining an in-depth understanding of key functional traits. A replicated randomized complete block glasshouse pot trial was used to observe trait responses critical to plant performance under control (15% VMC), water deficit (5% VMC) and waterlogged conditions (50% VMC) in seven red clover populations and compared against white clover. Twelve morphological and physiological traits were identified as key contributors to the different plant coping mechanisms displayed. Under water deficit, the levels of all aboveground morphological traits decreased, highlighted by a 41% decrease in total dry matter and 50% decreases in both leaf number and leaf thickness compared to the control treatment. An increase in root to shoot ratio indicated a shift to prioritizing root maintenance by sacrificing shoot growth, a trait attributed to plant water deficit tolerance. Under waterlogging, a reduction in photosynthetic activity among red clover populations reduced several morphological traits including a 30% decrease in root dry mass and total dry matter, and a 34% decrease in leaf number. The importance of root morphology for waterlogging was highlighted with low performance of red clover: there was an 83% decrease in root dry mass compared to white clover which was able to maintain root dry mass and therefore plant performance. This study highlights the importance of germplasm evaluation across water stress extremes to identify traits for future breeding programs
Just Do Something: Comparing Self-proposed and Machine-recommended Stress Interventions among Online Workers with Home Sweet Ofice
Creators: name: Tong, Xin
name: Mauriello, Matthew Louis
name: Mora-Mendoza, Marco Antonio
name: Prabhu, Nina
name: Kim, Jane Paik
name: Paredes, Pablo E.
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: stress
interventions
online workers
machine learning
self-proposed
self-management

description: Modern stress management techniques have been shown to be efective, particularly when applied systematically and with the supervision of an instructor. However, online workers usually lack sufcient support from therapists and learning resources to selfmanage their stress. To better assist these users, we implemented a browser-based application, Home Sweet Office (HSO), to administer a set ofstress micro-interventions which mimic existing therapeutic techniques, including somatic, positive psychology, meta cognitive, and cognitive behavioral categories. In a four-week feld study, we compared random and machine-recommended interventions to interventions that were self-proposed by participants in order to investigate effective content and recommendation methods. Our primary fndings suggest that both machine-recommended and self-proposed interventions had signifcantly higher momentary efficacy than random selection, whereas machine-recommended interventions offer more activity diversity compared to self-proposed interventions. We conclude with refections on these results, discuss features and mechanisms which might improve efficacy, and suggest areas for future work.
Absynthe: Abstract Interpretation-Guided Synthesis
Creators: name: Guria, Sankha Narayan
name: Foster, Jeffrey S.
name: Van Horn, David
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: program synthesis
abstract interpretation

description: Synthesis tools have seen significant success in recent times. However, past approaches often require a complete and accurate embedding of the source language in the logic of the underlying solver, an approach difficult for industrial-grade languages. Other approaches couple the semantics of the source language with purpose-built synthesizers, necessarily tying the synthesis engine to a particular language model. In this paper, we propose Absynthe, an alternative approach based on user-defined abstract semantics that aims to be both lightweight and language agnostic, yet effective in guiding the search for programs. A synthesis goal in Absynthe is specified as an abstract specification in a lightweight user-defined abstract domain and concrete test cases. The synthesis engine is parameterized by the abstract semantics and independent of the source language. Absynthe validates candidate programs against test cases using the actual concrete language implementation to ensure correctness. We formalize the synthesis rules for Absynthe and describe how the key ideas are scaled-up in our implementation in Ruby. We evaluated Absynthe on SyGuS strings benchmark and found it competitive with other enumerative search solvers. Moreover, Absynthe’s ability to combine abstract domains allows the user to move along a cost spectrum, i.e., expressive domains prune more programs but require more time. Finally, to verify Absynthe can act as a general purpose synthesis tool, we use Absynthe to synthesize Pandas data frame manipulating programs in Python using simple abstractions like types and column labels of a data frame. Absynthe reaches parity with AutoPandas, a deep learning based tool for the same benchmark suite. In summary, our results demonstrate Absynthe is a promising step forward towards a general-purpose approach to synthesis that may broaden the applicability of synthesis to more full-featured languages.
Automating NISQ Application Design with Meta Quantum Circuits with Constraints (MQCC)
Creators: name: Deng, Haowei
name: Peng, Yuxiang
name: Hicks, Michael
name: Wu, Xiaodi
Publisher: name: Association for Computer Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2023
Subjects: quantum computing
meta-programming

description: Near-term intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers are likely to have very restricted hardware resources, where precisely controllable qubits are expensive, error-prone, and scarce. Programmers of such computers must therefore balance trade-offs among a large number of (potentially heterogeneous) factors specific to the targeted application and quantum hardware. To assist them, we propose Meta Quantum Circuits with Constraints (MQCC), a meta-programming framework for quantum programs. Programmers express their application as a succinct collection of normal quantum circuits stitched together by a set of (manually or automatically) added meta-level choice variables, whose values are constrained according to a programmable set of quantitative optimization criteria. MQCC’s compiler generates the appropriate constraints and solves them via an SMT solver, producing an optimized, runnable program. We showcase a few MQCC’s applications for its generality including an automatic generation of efficient error syndrome extraction schemes for fault-tolerant quantum error correction with heterogeneous qubits and an approach to writing approximate quantum Fourier transformation and quantum phase estimation that smoothly trades off accuracy and resource use. We also illustrate that MQCC can easily encode prior one-off NISQ application designs-–multi-programming (MP), crosstalk mitigation (CM)—as well as a combination of their optimization goals (i.e., a combined MP-CM).
K-K-pp - an important gateway toward multi-kaonic nuclei
Creators: name: Maeda, Shuji
name: Akaishi, Yoshinori
name: Yamazaki, Toshimitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on our Faddeev-Yakubowsky calculations of four-body kaonic nuclear systems it was revealed that the structure of K-K-pp is well approximated by two Lambda*=K-p's with strong mutual attraction. It is vitally important to study this nucleus, as it is an essential gateway toward multi-Lambda* nuclei. Two experimental proposals are presented: i) production of K-K-pp by p+p reactions at T_p = 7 GeV, and ii) search for K-K-pp from the invariant mass of M(Lambda-Lambda) around 2.6 GeV/c2 in high-energy HI reactions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures