cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wearable multi-wavelength photoplethysmography and algorithms for continuous non-invasive monitoring of Dengue fever
Creators: name: Karolcik, Stefan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Continuous and non-invasive monitoring of dengue patients has the potential to improve care and outcomes. Our investigation leverages photoplethysmography (PPG) to design a system capable of assessing patients’ progression throughout dengue fever and assist clinicians in delivering higher-quality care. The thesis starts by developing a novel PPG acquisition system capable of multi-site and multi-wavelength operation. We demonstrate the ability of the novel system to acquire PPG across 5 different wavelengths, from fingertip and wrist at a sampling rate of 1,000Hz. Furthermore, by evaluating the frequency spectrum and calculating ratio-based signal measures between different wavelengths we confirm its sensitivity to heart rate, oxygen saturation and haematocrit. To overcome negative effects on waveform morphology due to the high-frequency multi-wavelength nature of the signal we propose and validate compensatory algorithms. The performance of the system was evaluated on dengue patients in two clinical investigations, one using a commercial pulse oximeter as a baseline and the other using the developed system. PPG data from 238 patients were analyzed, with 50 of them having multiwavelength data. The system demonstrated the capability of absolute measurement and sensitivity to changes in haematocrit, achieving a correlation of over 0.7 between PPG signal data and changes in invasively measured haematocrit in 83% of suitable patients. The acquired data was also investigated by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to assess their relationship to dengue. Using the multi-wavelength data, an accuracy of 0.76 between severe and uncomplicated patients was achieved, showing a 7.74% improvement in dengue severity classification compared to single- wavelength approach. The work concludes with an outline of a regulatory framework in the form of user needs as defined in the internationally recognized ISO 13485 medical device standard to bring the wearable system to market in relevant low- and middle-income (LMIC) regions. Overall, the investigation demonstrates the effectiveness of a novel PPG acquisition system for continuous and non-invasive monitoring of dengue patients and opens avenues for translation with the potential to lead to improved patient outcomes.
A scalable network for simultaneous pairwise quantum key distribution via entanglement-based time-bin coding
Creators: name: Fitzke, Erik
name: Bialowons, Lucas
name: Dolejsky, Till
name: Tippmann, Maximilian
name: Nikiforov, Oleg
name: Wissel, Felix
name: Gunkel, Matthias
name: Walther, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scalable star-shaped quantum key distribution (QKD) optical fiber network. We use wavelength-division demultiplexing (WDM) of broadband photon pairs to establish key exchange between multiple pairs of participants simultaneously. Our QKD system is the first entanglement-based network of four participants using BBM92 time-bin coding and the first network achieving timing synchronization solely by clock recovery based on the photon arrival times. We demonstrate simultaneous bipartite key exchange between any possible combination of participants and show that the quantum bit error rate (QBER) itself can be used to stabilize the phase in the interferometers by small temperature adjustments. The key distribution is insensitive to polarization fluctuations in the network, enabling key distribution using deployed fibers even under challenging environmental conditions. We show that our network can be readily extended to 34 participants by using a standard arrayed-waveguide grating for WDM with 100 GHz channel spacing and that reconfigurable network connections are possible with a wavelength-selective switch. In a field test we demonstrate secure key rates of 6.3 bit/s with a QBER of 4.5% over a total fiber length of 108 km with 26.8 km of deployed fiber between two participants with high stability. Our system features a relatively simple design of the receiver modules and enables scaling QKD networks without a trusted nodes to distances up to more than 100 km and to more than 100 users. With such a network, a secure communication infrastructure on a metropolitan scale can be established.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Static, spherically symmetric objects in Type-II minimally modified gravity
Creators: name: De Felice, Antonio
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
name: Pookkillath, Masroor C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Static, spherically symmetric solutions representing stars made of barotropic perfect fluid are studied in the context of two theories of type-II minimally modified gravity, VCDM and VCCDM. Both of these theories share the property that no additional degree of freedom is introduced in the gravity sector, and propagate only two gravitational waves besides matter fields, as in General Relativity (GR). We find that, on imposing physical boundary conditions on the Misner-Sharp mass of the system, the solutions in V(C)CDM exactly coincide with the ones in GR, namely they also satisfy the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation.
description: 11 pages, no figures, uses revtex
Finiteness and the Swampland
Creators: name: Hamada, Yuta
name: Montero, Miguel
name: Vafa, Cumrun
name: Valenzuela, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We view and provide further evidence for a number of Swampland criteria, including the Weak Gravity Conjecture, Distance Conjecture and bounds on the finiteness of the quantum gravity vacua from the prism of the finiteness of black hole entropy. Furthermore we propose that at least all of these Swampland statements may be more fundamentally a consequence of the finiteness of quantum gravity amplitudes.
description: 1 figure, 23 pages + appendices
Developing and testing interventions to reduce burnout in healthcare professionals
Creators: name: Brazier, Alix
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Burnout is characterised by feelings of exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy or accomplishment. 33% of UK ‘trainee’ doctors and 40.5% of registered nurses and midwives report often or always feeling burnt out by their work. Healthcare professional burnout is associated with negative health outcomes, increased absenteeism and turnover, and reduced patient care and safety. Organisational and individual-level interventions have been tested to reduce burnout, but many suffer from limitations (e.g. high resource or time demands) making them suboptimal for the NHS context. This thesis aimed to develop and test interventions to reduce burnout in UK healthcare professionals which could be adopted across the NHS if effective. Two research programmes were conducted: one in doctors (trainee anaesthetists); one in adult inpatient nurses. Narrative literature reviews of burnout correlates in doctors and nurses, and interview studies with each population, enabled development of a burnout intervention for each group. Interventions were co-developed with trial partners and members of focus populations. The text message intervention developed to reduce trainee anaesthetist burnout was evaluated via randomised controlled trial (with process evaluation through feedback survey and interviews). The team-based rostering intervention to reduce adult inpatient nurse burnout was piloted on a ward at a London trust using a comparator ward (process evaluation through feedback survey). Both evaluations found no impact on burnout. However, the texts were associated with reduced burnout in those reporting difficult personal or work circumstances (or a large negative impact from COVID-19) and nurse intervention participants reported significant improvements in roster satisfaction, shift flexibility, empowerment, and work-life interference. Both process evaluations indicated intervention acceptability, and provided suggested improvements. Intervention adaptation and re-evaluation (especially for the nurse intervention, at larger scale) would be interesting. More work is required to identify scalable interventions, and determine if these can reduce burnout.
Constructing an entangled Unruh Otto engine and its efficiency
Creators: name: Barman, Dipankar
name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uniformly accelerated frame mimics a thermal bath whose temperature is proportional to the proper acceleration. Using this phenomenon we give a detailed construction of an Otto cycle between two energy eigenstates of a system, consists of two entangled qubits. In the isochoric stages the thermal bath is being provided via the vacuum fluctuations of the background field for a monopole interaction by accelerating them. We find that making of Otto cycle is possible when one qubit is accelerating in the right Rindler wedge and other one is moving in the left Rindler wedge; i.e. in anti-parallel motion, with the initial composite state is a non-maximally entangled one. However, the efficiency greater than that of the usual single qubit quantum Otto engine is not possible. We provide values of the available parameters which make Otto cycle possible. On the other hand, Otto cycle is not possible if one considers the non-maximally entangled state for parallel motion. Moreover, for both initial symmetric and anti-symmetric Bell states we do not find any possibility of the cycle for qubits' parallel and anti-parallel motion.
description: Corrected version, to appear in JHEP
Slowly Rotating Neutron Star with Holographic Multiquark Core: I-Love-Q Relations
Creators: name: Burikham, Piyabut
name: Pinkanjanarod, Sitthichai
name: Ponglertsakul, Supakchai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moment of inertia ($I$), rotational~(tidal) Love number ($λ^{\rm (rot)}$) and quadrupole moment ($Q$) of slowly rotating massive neutron star~(NS) with holographic multiquark~(MQ) core are computed in comparison to pure MQ star. The Chiral Effective Theory~(CET) stiff equation of state~(EoS) is used in the crust of the neutron star. The dimensionless multipole moments $\bar{I},\barλ^{\rm (rot)}, \bar{Q}$ are found to be independent of the rotation parameters and determined completely by the zeroth-order star profile. Universal ``I-Love-Q'' relations found by Yagi and Yunes [1,2] are mostly preserved even in the presence of the MQ core. Tidal deformation parameter $\barλ^{\rm (tid)}$ is also explored in connection with $\bar{I}, \barλ^{\rm (rot)}, \bar{Q}$, two kinds of universal I-Love-Q relations are verified. However, the unique kink in the plots of multipoles with respect to mass and compactness of the population of neutron stars can reveal the existence of massive NS with the MQ core.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Adaptive Modeling Powers Fast Multi-parameter Fitting of CARS Spectra
Creators: name: Hunt, Gregory J.
name: Ground, Cody R.
name: Cutler, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) is a laser-based measurement technique widely applied across many science and engineering disciplines to perform non-intrusive gas diagnostics. CARS is often used to study combustion, where the measured spectra can be used to simultaneously recover multiple flow parameters from the reacting gas such as temperature and relative species mole fractions. This is typically done by using numerical optimization to find the flow parameters for which a theoretical model of the CARS spectra best matches the actual measurements. The most commonly used theoretical model is the CARSFT spectrum calculator. Unfortunately, this CARSFT spectrum generator is computationally expensive and using it to recover multiple flow parameters can be prohibitively time-consuming, especially when experiments have hundreds or thousands of measurements distributed over time or space. To overcome these issues, several methods have been developed to approximate CARSFT using a library of pre-computed theoretical spectra. In this work we present a new approach that leverages ideas from the machine learning literature to build an adaptively smoothed kernel-based approximator. In application on a simulated dual-pump CARS experiment probing a $H_2/$air flame, we show that the approach can use a small number library spectra to quickly and accurately recover temperature and four gas species' mole fractions. The method's flexibility allows fine-tuned navigation of the trade-off between speed and accuracy, and makes the approach suitable for a wide range of problems and flow regimes.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Tailoring higher-order topological phases via orbital hybridization
Creators: name: Mazanov, Maxim
name: Gorlach, Maxim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) have attracted much attention in photonics due to the tightly localized disorder-robust corner and hinge states. Here, we reveal an unconventional HOTI phase with vanishing dipole and quadrupole polarizations. This phase arises in the array of evanescently coupled waveguides hosting degenerate $s$- and $d$-type orbital modes arranged in a square lattice with four waveguides in the unit cell. As we prove, the degeneracy of the modes with the different symmetry gives rise to the nontrivial topological properties rendering the system equivalent to the two copies of anisotropic two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model rotated by 90$^\circ$ with respect to each other and based on $s\pm d$ hybridized orbitals. Our results introduce a route to tailor higher-order band topology leveraging both crystalline symmetries and accidental degeneracies of the different orbital modes.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
gVOF: An open-source package for unsplit geometric volume of fluid methods on arbitrary grids
Creators: name: López, Joaquín
name: Hernández, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gVOF package includes a complete and self-contained set of routines for volume of fluid initialization, interface reconstruction and fluid advection, which are used to implement several accurate and efficient geometric volume of fluid (VOF) methods on arbitrary grids, either structured or unstructured with convex or non-convex cells, based on multidimensional unsplit advection and piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) schemes. The package uses the non-convex analytical and geometrical tools developed by López et al. [J. Comput. Phys. 392 (2019) 666-693] and the isosurface extraction procedure proposed by López et al. [J. Comput. Phys. 444 (2021) 110579]. The operations required during the advection step of unsplit geometric VOF methods in general involve handling of high-complex non-convex flux polyhedra, even with self-intersecting faces, which are robustly and efficiently treated in this work without the need of costly techniques based on convex decomposition. Results for the accuracy, computational efficiency, and volume (local and global) conservation properties of different combinations of the implemented advection and reconstruction methods are presented for several numerical tests on structured and unstructured grids. An extensive comparison with results obtained by other authors using advanced geometric VOF methods shows the outstanding performance of the gVOF package in terms of efficiency and accuracy. To demonstrate the performance of the package in solving complex two-phase flow problems, the implemented methods are combined with an existing in-house code to simulate the impact of a water drop on a free surface. The package can be used in FORTRAN or C languages and will be publicly available for download. The OpenMP application programming interface is also used to improve computational efficiency.
description: 76 pages, 30 figures
A Helioscope for Gravitationally Bound Millicharged Particles
Creators: name: Berlin, Asher
name: Schutz, Katelin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particles may be emitted efficiently from the solar interior if they are sufficiently light and weakly coupled to the solar plasma. In a narrow region of phase space, they are emitted with velocities smaller than the escape velocity of the solar system, thereby populating a gravitationally bound density that can accumulate over the solar lifetime, referred to as a "solar basin." Detection strategies that can succeed in spite of (or even be enhanced by) the low particle velocities are therefore poised to explore new regions of parameter space when taking this solar population into account. Here we identify "direct deflection" as a powerful method to detect such a population of millicharged particles. This approach involves distorting the local flow of gravitationally bound millicharges with an oscillating electromagnetic field and measuring these distortions with a resonant LC circuit. Since it is easier to distort the flow of slowly moving particles, the signal is parametrically enhanced by the small solar escape velocity near Earth. The proposed setup can probe couplings an order of magnitude smaller than other methods for millicharge masses ranging from 100 meV to 100 eV and can operate concurrently as a search for sub-GeV millicharged dark matter. The signal power scales as the millicharge coupling to the eighth power, meaning that even with conservative assumptions, direct deflection could begin to explore new regions of parameter space. We also highlight novel features of millicharge solar basins, including those associated with the phase space distribution and the possibility for the occupation number to vastly exceed that of a thermal distribution.
description: 21+4 pages, 7 figures
Identification of Toxoplasma gondii effector proteins by pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening
Creators: name: Butterworth, Simon William
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular eukaryotic pathogen of global clinical significance. Secretion of effector proteins by T. gondii into a host cell is critical for infection. At least two hundred putative effector proteins are secreted into the host cell, of which the vast majority are uncharacterised. In this work, I used CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in T. gondii to identify effector proteins involved in parasite evasion of host immune responses. From a screen of T. gondii mutants in a mouse model of infection, I identified genes that confer parasite fitness in vivo. I found that the first-identified rhoptry protein of T. gondii, ROP1, is necessary for parasite virulence and is important for evasion of the cell-autonomous, interferon-gamma-stimulated immune response in both murine and human macrophages. Then, I adapted CRISPR-Cas9 tools in T. gondii to enable pooled knockout screening with a single-cell, dual host-parasite transcriptome readout. This method, which I term dual perturb-seq, enables identification of parasite effectors that modulate host cell transcription in a high-throughput and unbiased manner. Using dual perturb-seq and additional cellular assays, I show that the dense granule protein GRA59 contributes to export of other dense granule effectors from the parasitophorous vacuole to the host cell. I also identify a rhoptry protein, newly named TgSOS1, that is required for sustained parasite-induced STAT6 signalling in the host cell and M2 polarisation of infected macrophages. Together, these genetic screens and the characterisation of newly identified effector proteins advance the understanding of how T. gondii manipulates the host cell and evades host immune responses.
Neutron-capture elements record the ordered chemical evolution of the disc over time
Creators: name: Horta, Danny
name: Ness, Melissa K.
name: Rybizki, Jan
name: Schiavon, Ricardo P.
name: Buder, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ensemble of chemical abundances probing different nucleosynthetic channels can be leveraged to build a comprehensive understanding of the chemical and structural evolution of the Galaxy. Using GALAH DR3 data, we seek to trace the enrichment by the supernovae Ia, supernovae II, asymptotic giant branch stars, and neutron-star mergers and/or collapsars nucleosynthetic sources by studying the [Fe/H], [$α$/Fe], [Ba/Fe], and [Eu/Fe] chemical compositions of $\sim$50,000 red giant stars, respectively. Employing small [Fe/H]-[$α$/Fe] cells, which serve as an effective reference-frame of supernovae contributions, we characterise the abundance-age profiles for [Ba/Fe] and [Eu/Fe]. Our results disclose that these age-abundance relations vary across the [Fe/H]-[$α$/Fe] plane. Within cells, we find negative age-[Ba/Fe] relations and flat age-[Eu/Fe] relations. Across cells, we see the slope of the age-[Ba/Fe] relations evolve smoothly and the [Eu/Fe] relations vary in amplitude. We subsequently model our empirical findings in a theoretical setting using the flexible Chempy Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) code, using the mean [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe], [Ba/Fe], and age values for stellar populations binned in [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe], and age space. We find that within a one-zone framework, an ensemble of GCE model parameters vary to explain the data. Using present day orbits from \textit{Gaia} EDR3 measurements we infer that the GCE model parameters, which set the observed chemical abundance distributions, vary systematically across mean orbital radii. Under our modelling assumptions, the observed chemical abundances are consistent with a small gradient in the high mass end of the initial mass function (IMF) across the disc, where the IMF is more top heavy towards the inner disc and more bottom heavy in the outer disc.
description: Accepted in MNRAS. 21 pages and 13 Figures
Hunting for open clusters in Gaia EDR3: $628$ new open clusters found with OCfinder
Creators: name: Castro-Ginard, A.
name: Jordi, C.
name: Luri, X.
name: Cantat-Gaudin, T.
name: Carrasco, J. M.
name: Casamiquela, L.
name: Anders, F.
name: Balaguer-Núñez, L.
name: Badia, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The improvements in the precision of the published data in \textit{Gaia} EDR3 with respect to \textit{Gaia} DR2, particularly for parallaxes and proper motions, offer the opportunity to increase the number of known open clusters in the Milky Way by detecting farther and fainter objects that have so far go unnoticed. Our aim is to keep completing the open cluster census in the Milky Way with the detection of new stellar groups in the Galactic disc. We use \textit{Gaia} EDR3 up to magnitude $G = 18$ mag, increasing in one unit the magnitude limit and therefore the search volume explored in our previous studies. We use the \texttt{OCfinder} method to search for new open clusters in \textit{Gaia} EDR3 using a Big Data environment. As a first step, \texttt{OCfinder} identifies stellar statistical overdensities in the five dimensional astrometric space (position, parallax and proper motions) using the \texttt{DBSCAN} clustering algorithm. Then, these overdensities are classified into random statistical overdensities or real physical open clusters using a deep artificial neural network trained on well-characterised $G$, $G_{\rm BP} - G_{\rm RP}$ colour-magnitude diagrams. We report the discovery of $664$ new open clusters within the Galactic disc, most of them located beyond $1$ kpc from the Sun. From the estimation of ages, distances and line-of-sight extinctions of these open clusters, we see that young clusters align following the Galactic spiral arms while older ones are dispersed in the Galactic disc. Furthermore, we find that most open clusters are located at low Galactic altitudes with the exception of a few groups older than $1$ Gyr. We show the success of the \texttt{OCfinder} method leading to the discovery of a total of $1\,310$ open clusters (joining the discoveries here with the previous ones based on \textit{Gaia} DR2)[abridged]
description: 13 pages, 12 figures. Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Target of Opportunity Observations of Gravitational Wave Events with Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Creators: name: Andreoni, Igor
name: Margutti, Raffaella
name: Salafia, Om Sharan
name: Parazin, B.
name: Villar, V. Ashley
name: Coughlin, Michael W.
name: Yoachim, Peter
name: Mortensen, Kris
name: Brethauer, Daniel
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Alexander, Kate D.
name: Anand, Shreya
name: Berger, E.
name: Bernardini, Maria Grazia
name: Bianco, Federica B.
name: Blanchard, Peter K.
name: Bloom, Joshua S.
name: Brocato, Enzo
name: Bulla, Mattia
name: Cartier, Regis
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Chornock, Ryan
name: Copperwheat, Christopher M.
name: Corsi, Alessandra
name: D'Ammando, Filippo
name: D'Avanzo, Paolo
name: Datrier, Laurence Elise Helene
name: Foley, Ryan J.
name: Ghirlanda, Giancarlo
name: Goobar, Ariel
name: Grindlay, Jonathan
name: Hajela, Aprajita
name: Holz, Daniel E.
name: Karambelkar, Viraj
name: Kool, E. C.
name: Lamb, Gavin P.
name: Laskar, Tanmoy
name: Levan, Andrew
name: Maguire, Kate
name: May, Morgan
name: Melandri, Andrea
name: Milisavljevic, Dan
name: Miller, A. A.
name: Nicholl, Matt
name: Nissanke, Samaya M.
name: Palmese, Antonella
name: Piranomonte, Silvia
name: Rest, Armin
name: Sagues-Carracedo, Ana
name: Siellez, Karelle
name: Singer, Leo P.
name: Smith, Mathew
name: Steeghs, D.
name: Tanvir, Nial
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart to the binary neutron star merger GW170817 has opened the era of gravitational-wave multi-messenger astronomy. Rapid identification of the optical/infrared kilonova enabled a precise localization of the source, which paved the way to deep multi-wavelength follow-up and its myriad of related science results. Fully exploiting this new territory of exploration requires the acquisition of electromagnetic data from samples of neutron star mergers and other gravitational wave sources. After GW170817, the frontier is now to map the diversity of kilonova properties and provide more stringent constraints on the Hubble constant, and enable new tests of fundamental physics. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) can play a key role in this field in the 2020s, when an improved network of gravitational-wave detectors is expected to reach a sensitivity that will enable the discovery of a high rate of merger events involving neutron stars (about tens per year) out to distances of several hundred Mpc. We design comprehensive target-of-opportunity observing strategies for follow-up of gravitational-wave triggers that will make the Rubin Observatory the premier instrument for discovery and early characterization of neutron star and other compact object mergers, and yet unknown classes of gravitational wave events.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1812.04051
Design of growth-coupled measurements of protease function
Creators: name: Chadha, Anjali
name: Hayes, Oliver
name: Cortade, Dana
name: Kelly, Peter
name: DeBenedictis, Erika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article outlines a proposal for developing a high-throughput measurement platform for protease function using a gene circuit that links protease activity to bacterial cell growth. The system is designed to measure the activity of proteases, particularly focusing on the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease as an initial target. The circuit relies on the cleavage of lysozyme from a T7 RNA polymerase, which then enables gene expression and antibiotic resistance. The proposal details a two-stage approach for assay development, including tuning the system's dynamic range and establishing normalization and calibration controls. The project aims to collect data on thousands of protease sequence variants against multiple substrates, with potential applications in understanding protease specificity and developing therapeutic interventions. The authors also propose expanding the study to include structural homologs of TEV protease and non-canonical substrates, which could have implications for drug development and understanding protease evolution.
Premature Black Hole Death of Population III Stars by Dark Matter
Creators: name: Ellis, Sebastian A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population III stars were the first generation of stars, formed in minihalos of roughly primordial element abundances, and therefore metal-free. They are thought to have formed at the cores of dense dark matter clouds. Interactions between baryons and dark matter can therefore have had an important impact on their evolution. In this paper we consider the capture of non- or weakly-annihilating dark matter by these early massive stars. In a wide region of parameter space, interactions of dark matter with baryons lead to premature death of the star as a black hole. We sketch how this modification of the standard evolutionary history of Population III stars might impact the epoch of reionisation, by modifying the amount of UV emission, the transition to Population II star formation, and the X-ray and radio emission from accretion onto the black hole remnants. Signals of massive black holes originating from Population III stars could be observed through gravitational waves from their mergers. Finally, the observation of pair-instability supernovae could effectively preclude premature black hole death across a wide range of parameter space, ranging in mass from $m_{DM} \sim 0.1\text{ GeV}$ to $m_{DM} \sim m_{\rm Pl}$.
description: 35 pages + references, 5 figures
Proteins -- a celebration of consilience
Creators: name: Škrbić, Tatjana
name: Hoang, Trinh Xuan
name: Giacometti, Achille
name: Maritan, Amos
name: Banavar, Jayanth R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proteins are the common constituents of all living cells. They are molecular machines that interact with each other as well as with other cell products and carry out a dizzying array of functions with distinction. These interactions follow from their native state structures and therefore understanding sequence-structure relationships is of fundamental importance. What is quite remarkable about proteins is that their understanding necessarily straddles several disciplines. The importance of geometry in defining protein native state structure, the constraints placed on protein behavior by mathematics and physics, the need for proteins to obey the laws of quantum chemistry, and the rich role of evolution and biology all come together in defining protein science. Here we review ideas from the literature and present an interdisciplinary framework that aims to marry ideas from Plato and Darwin and demonstrates an astonishing consilience between disciplines in describing proteins. We discuss the consequences of this framework on protein behavior.
description: 18 pages; 1 table; 6 figures
The accidental flatness constraint does not mean a wrong classical limit
Creators: name: Engle, Jonathan
name: Rovelli, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We shed some light on the reason why the accidental flatness constraint appears in certain limits of the amplitudes of covariant loop quantum gravity. We show why this constraint is harmless, by displaying how analogous accidental constraints appear in transition amplitudes of simple systems, when certain limits are considered.
description: 6 pages
Deep Radio Interferometric Imaging with POLISH: DSA-2000 and weak lensing
Creators: name: Connor, Liam
name: Bouman, Katherine L.
name: Ravi, Vikram
name: Hallinan, Gregg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio interferometry allows astronomers to probe small spatial scales that are often inaccessible with single-dish instruments. However, recovering the radio sky from an interferometer is an ill-posed deconvolution problem that astronomers have worked on for half a century. More challenging still is achieving resolution below the array's diffraction limit, known as super-resolution imaging. To this end, we have developed a new learning-based approach for radio interferometric imaging, leveraging recent advances in the classical computer vision problems of single-image super-resolution (SISR) and deconvolution. We have developed and trained a high dynamic range residual neural network to learn the mapping between the dirty image and the true radio sky. We call this procedure POLISH, in contrast to the traditional CLEAN algorithm. The feed forward nature of learning-based approaches like POLISH is critical for analyzing data from the upcoming Deep Synoptic Array (DSA-2000). We show that POLISH achieves super-resolution, and we demonstrate its ability to deconvolve real observations from the Very Large Array (VLA). Super-resolution on DSA-2000 will allow us to measure the shapes and orientations of several hundred million star forming radio galaxies (SFGs), making it a powerful cosmological weak lensing survey and probe of dark energy. We forecast its ability to constrain the lensing power spectrum, finding that it will be complementary to next-generation optical surveys such as Euclid.
CostaTJ_ERaOE_Supplementary (AJP-Heart & Circ)
Creators: name: McCarthy, Cam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 429999
subject: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified

description: We have revealed for the first time that overexpression of adipose tissue estrogen receptor α (ERαOE) amplifies the anti-contractile effect of mesenteric PVAT via the biosynthesis of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and this overexpression is protective against HFD-induced PVAT dysfunction. Collectively, these data demonstrate an important mechanism by which ERα signaling is vasculoprotective in the context of PVAT.
SPACE: 3D Parallel Solvers for Vlasov-Maxwell and Vlasov-Poisson Equations for Relativistic Plasmas with Atomic Transformations
Creators: name: Yu, Kwangmin
name: Kumar, Prabhat
name: Yuan, Shaohua
name: Cheng, Aiqi
name: Samulyak, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.6, D.2

description: A parallel, relativistic, three-dimensional particle-in-cell code SPACE has been developed for the simulation of electromagnetic fields, relativistic particle beams, and plasmas. In addition to the standard second-order Particle-in-Cell (PIC) algorithm, SPACE includes efficient novel algorithms to resolve atomic physics processes such as multi-level ionization of plasma atoms, recombination, and electron attachment to dopants in dense neutral gases. SPACE also contains a highly adaptive particle-based method, called Adaptive Particle-in-Cloud (AP-Cloud), for solving the Vlasov-Poisson problems. It eliminates the traditional Cartesian mesh of PIC and replaces it with an adaptive octree data structure. The code's algorithms, structure, capabilities, parallelization strategy and performances have been discussed. Typical examples of SPACE applications to accelerator science and engineering problems are also presented.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Shocks in the Stacked Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Profiles of Clusters II: Measurements from SPT-SZ + Planck Compton-y Map
Creators: name: Anbajagane, D.
name: Chang, C.
name: Jain, B.
name: Adhikari, S.
name: Baxter, E. J.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Bleem, L. E.
name: Bocquet, S.
name: Calzadilla, M. S.
name: Carlstrom, J. E.
name: Chang, C. L.
name: Chown, R.
name: Crawford, T. M.
name: Crites, A. T.
name: Cui, W.
name: de Haan, T.
name: Di Mascolo, L.
name: Dobbs, M. A.
name: Everett, W. B.
name: George, E. M.
name: Grandis, S.
name: Halverson, N. W.
name: Holder, G. P.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Hrubes, J. D.
name: Lee, A. T.
name: Luong-Van, D.
name: McDonald, M. A.
name: McMahon, J. J.
name: Meyer, S. S.
name: Millea, M.
name: Mocanu, L. M.
name: Mohr, J. J.
name: Natoli, T.
name: Omori, Y.
name: Padin, S.
name: Pryke, C.
name: Reichardt, C. L.
name: Ruhl, J. E.
name: Saro, A.
name: Schaffer, K. K.
name: Shirokoff, E.
name: Staniszweski, Z.
name: Stark, A. A.
name: Vieira, J. D.
name: Williamson, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for the signature of cosmological shocks in stacked gas pressure profiles of galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). Specifically, we stack the latest Compton-y maps from the 2500 deg^2 SPT-SZ survey on the locations of clusters identified in that same dataset. The sample contains 516 clusters with mean mass = 1e14.9 msol and redshift = 0.55. We analyze in parallel a set of zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations from The Three Hundred project. The SPT-SZ data show two features: (i) a pressure deficit at R/R200m = $1.08 \pm 0.09$, measured at $3.1σ$ significance and not observed in the simulations, and; (ii) a sharp decrease in pressure at R/R200m = $4.58 \pm 1.24$ at $2.0σ$ significance. The pressure deficit is qualitatively consistent with a shock-induced thermal non-equilibrium between electrons and ions, and the second feature is consistent with accretion shocks seen in previous studies. We split the cluster sample by redshift and mass, and find both features exist in all cases. There are also no significant differences in features along and across the cluster major axis, whose orientation roughly points towards filamentary structure. As a consistency test, we also analyze clusters from the Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter surveys and find quantitatively similar features in the pressure profiles. Finally, we compare the accretion shock radius (Rsh_acc) with existing measurements of the splashback radius (Rsp) for SPT-SZ and constrain the lower limit of the ratio, Rsh_acc/Rsp > $2.16 \pm 0.59$.
description: [v1]: 8 Figures, 16 Pages in Main text. [v2]: Added text to discussion. Version accepted in MNRAS
L'Attractivité des IDE dans les territoires
Creators: name: ATEILAH, RAJAE
name: BENAZZOU, Lotfi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Actuellement, l’attractivité des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) se place au centre des stratégies de développement de tous les pays, notamment des pays en développement.

L’IDE est recherché, parce que, plus que d’autres formes de flux de capitaux, il est stable et constitue un engagement à long terme envers le pays d’accueil. L’IDE est également sollicité pour sa capacité à favoriser la croissance économique, notamment à travers le développement de l’investissement domestique, la création d’emplois, l’amélioration de la balance des paiements, la participation à la création de la valeur ajoutée directe à travers la production des entreprises étrangères, et l’accroissement de la concurrence et de la compétitivité de l’économie nationale.

 Il s’agit aussi de l’apport de nouvelles méthodes et des techniques managériales, via les contacts directs et indirects entre les filiales étrangères et les firmes locales, qui pourraient faciliter le transfert de connaissances et de normes technologiques à l’économie d’accueil. Conscient de l’importance des IDE en matière de croissance économique, le Maroc n’a pas ménagé ses efforts, durant ces deux dernières décennies, pour assurer l’instauration d’un environnement favorable à l’investissement, à travers la mise en place de politiques de promotion et d’attraction des IDE.

Ainsi, la politique d’attractivité des IDE engagée par le Maroc, en particulier à partir des années quatre-vingt-dix, s’inscrit dans une logique de diversification des sources de financement de l’économie nationale, et ce pour l’amélioration de la croissance économique et le développement des secteurs prometteurs en termes de transfert de savoir-faire et de technologie, notamment dans le cas du secteur des industries manufacturières.
Neutron star properties with careful parameterization in the (axial)vector meson extended linear sigma model
Creators: name: Kovács, Péter
name: Takátsy, János
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen
name: Wolf, György
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of quark matter inside the cores of heavy neutron stars is a possibility which can be probed with modern astrophysical observations. We use an (axial)vector meson extended quark-meson model to describe quark matter in the core of neutron stars. We discover that an additional parameter constraint is necessary in the quark model to ensure chiral restoration at high densities. By investigating hybrid star sequences with various parameter sets we show that low sigma meson masses are needed to fulfill the upper radius constraints, and that the maximum mass of stable hybrid stars is only slightly dependent on the parameters of the crossover-type phase transition. Using this observation and results from recent astrophysical measurements a constraint of 2.6 < g_V < 4.3 is set for the constituent quark - vector meson coupling. The effect of a nonzero bag constant is also investigated and we observe that its effect is small for values adopted in previous works.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Berthing lists for the Princess Patricia
Creators: name: Canadian Pacific Railway. British Columbia Coast Steamship Service
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Berthing lists of passengers, berthing plans, purser's lists, memoranda, ship schedules, and a pamphlet advertising cruises on the Princess Patricia sailing between British Columbia, California, and Mexico, for voyages number one to number fifteen inclusive of the Princess Patricia for the season 1966-1967.
Color confinement and restoration of residual local gauge symmetries
Creators: name: Kondo, Kei-Ichi
name: Fukushima, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All colored particles including dynamical quarks and gluons are confined if the color confinement criterion proposed by Kugo and Ojima is satisfied. The criterion was obtained under the gauge fixing of the Lorenz type. However, it was pointed out that the Kugo-Ojima criterion breaks down for the Maximal Abelian gauge, which is quite strange in view of the fact that quark confinement has been verified according to the dual superconductivity caused by magnetic monopole condensations. In order to make a bridge between color confinement due to Kugo and Ojima and the dual superconductor picture for quark confinement, we investigate a generalization of the color confinement criterion to obtain the unified picture for confinement. We show that the restoration of the residual local gauge symmetry which was shown in the Lorenz gauge by Hata to be equivalent to the Kugo-Ojima criterion indeed occurs in the Maximal Abelian gauge for the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in two-, three- and four-dimensional Euclidean spacetime once the singular topological configurations of gauge fields are taken into account. This result indicates that the color confinement phase is a disordered phase caused by non-trivial topological configurations irrespective of the gauge choice. As a byproduct, we show that the compact U(1) gauge theory can have the disordered confinement phase, while the non-compact U(1) gauge theory has the deconfined Coulomb phase.
description: 38 pages, no figures, Appendix C added, with minor modifications
Supplementary document for Vortex solitons in moiré optical lattices - 6465790.pdf
Creators: name: Ivanov, Sergey
name: Konotop, Vladimir
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy

description: Supplementary material
Supplementary document for Non-selective reflection broadening of a cholesteric liquid crystal at oblique incidence - 7076577.pdf
Creators: name: Chang, Li-Min
name: Guo, Duan-Yi
name: Lin, Kuan-Wu
name: Tseng, Heng-Yi
name: Li, Cheng-Chang
name: Feng, Ting Mao
name: Jau, Hung-Chang
name: Wang, Chun
name: Lin, Tsung-Hsien
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The supplemental document is used to provide additional information of materials' phase diagram, polarized microscope images, scattering measurement and detail of the reflection.
Non-thermally trapped inflation by tachyonic dark photon production
Creators: name: Kitajima, Naoya
name: Nakagawa, Shota
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a dark Higgs field charged under U(1)$_{\rm H}$ gauge symmetry is trapped at the origin for a long time, if dark photons are produced by an axion condensate via tachyonic preheating. The trapped dark Higgs can drive late-time inflation, producing a large amount of entropy. Unlike thermal inflation, the dark Higgs potential does not have to be very flat, because the effective mass for the dark Higgs is enhanced by large field values of dark photons with extremely low momentum. After inflation, the dark Higgs decays into massive dark photons, which further decay into the SM particles through a kinetic mixing. We show that a large portion of the viable parameter space is within the future experimental searches for the dark photon, because the kinetic mixing is bounded below for successful reheating. We also comment on the Schwinger effect which can hamper the tachyonic production of dark photons, when the mass of dark photon is not the Stückelberg mass, but is generated by the Higgs mechanism. Such non-thermal trapped inflation could be applied to other cosmological scenarios such as the early dark energy, known as one of the solutions to the Hubble tension.
description: 11pages, 7 figures, references added