cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Predicting trend reversals using market instantaneous state
Creators: name: Bury, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective behaviours taking place in financial markets reveal strongly correlated states especially during a crisis period. A natural hypothesis is that trend reversals are also driven by mutual influences between the different stock exchanges. Using a maximum entropy approach, we find coordinated behaviour during trend reversals dominated by the pairwise component. In particular, these events are predicted with high significant accuracy by the ensemble's instantaneous state.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures
Development and Implementation of a Piperacillin-Tazobactam Extended Infusion Guideline
Creators: name: Heinrich, Lynley S
name: Tokumaru, Sheri
name: Clark, Nina M
name: Garofalo, John
name: Paek, Jamie
name: Grim, Shellee A
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Administration of β-lactam antibiotics by extended infusion optimizes the pharmacodynamic properties and bactericidal activity of these agents resulting in a potential improvement in patient outcomes and reduction in drug expenditure. Consequently, a pharmacist-led piperacillin-tazobactam extended 4-hour infusion guideline was implemented hospital-wide at a 500-bed academic medical center. Each piperacillin-tazobactam infusion was prospectively monitored for 5 weeks to ensure accurate administration and identify barriers to guideline adherence. Overall, a total of 103 patients received 1215 doses of piperacillin-tazobactam by extended infusions. In all, 98% of the doses were administered at the correct extended infusion rate and 94% of the doses were given at the scheduled time. There were a total of 20 missed doses and 53 delayed doses, accounting for 2% and 4% of the total administered doses, respectively. The primary barrier to adherence was the patient not being on the unit at the time of the scheduled dose followed by the piperacillin-tazobactam dose not being available on the floor. While insufficient power prevented meaningful evaluation of clinical outcomes, we anticipate a conservative annual estimated cost savings of $108,529. Key elements contributing to our success included consistent pharmacy leadership, multidisciplinary involvement, thorough inservicing to health care professionals, hospital-wide implementation, and extensive quality assurance monitoring.
An approximation principle for congruence subgroups
Creators: name: Finis, Tobias
name: Lapid, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E18, 20G25

description: The motivating question of this paper is roughly the following: given a group scheme $G$ over $\mathbb{Z}_p$, $p$ prime, with semisimple generic fiber $G_{\mathbb{Q}_p}$, how far are open subgroups of $G(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ from subgroups of the form $X(\mathbb{Z}_p)\mathbf{K}_p(p^n)$, where $X$ is a subgroup scheme of $G$ and $\mathbf{K}_p(p^n)$ is the principal congruence subgroup $\operatorname{Ker} (G(\mathbb{Z}_p)\rightarrow G(\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}))$? More precisely, we will show that for $G_{\mathbb{Q}_p}$ simply connected there exist constants $J\ge1$ and $\varepsilon>0$, depending only on $G$, such that any open subgroup of $G (\mathbb{Z}_p)$ of level $p^n$ admits an open subgroup of index $\le J$ which is contained in $X(\mathbb{Z}_p)\mathbf{K}_p(p^{\lceil \varepsilon n\rceil})$ for some proper connected algebraic subgroup $X$ of $G$ defined over $\mathbb{Q}_p$. Moreover, if $G$ is defined over $\mathbb{Z}$, then $\varepsilon$ and $J$ can be taken independently of $p$. We also give a correspondence between natural classes of $\mathbb{Z}_p$-Lie subalgebras of $\mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb{Z}_p}$ and of closed subgroups of $G(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ that can be regarded as a variant over $\mathbb{Z}_p$ of Nori's results on the structure of finite subgroups of $\operatorname{GL}(N_0,\mathbb{F}_p)$ for large $p$. As an application we give a bound for the volume of the intersection of a conjugacy class in the group $G (\hat{\mathbb{Z}}) = \prod_p G (\mathbb{Z}_p)$, for $G$ defined over $\mathbb{Z}$, with an arbitrary open subgroup. In a future paper, this result will be applied to the limit multiplicity problem for arbitrary congruence subgroups of the arithmetic lattice $G (\mathbb{Z})$.
description: fixed a few inaccuracies and made some stylistic changes to appear in JEMS
Investing Early: Taking Stock of Outcomes and Economic Returns from Early Childhood Programs.
Creators: name: Cannon, Jill S
name: Kilburn, M Rebecca
name: Karoly, Lynn A
name: Mattox, Teryn
name: Muchow, Ashley
name: Buenaventura, Maya
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The past two decades have been characterized by a growing body of research from diverse disciplines-child development, psychology, neuroscience, and economics, among others-demonstrating the importance of establishing a strong foundation in the early years of life. The research evidence has served to document the range of early childhood services that can successfully put children and families on the path toward lifelong health and well-being, especially those at greatest risk of poor outcomes. As early childhood interventions have proliferated, researchers have evaluated whether the programs improve children's outcomes and, when they do, whether the improved outcomes generate benefits that can outweigh the program costs. This study examines a set of evaluations that meet criteria for scientific rigor and synthesizes their results to better understand the outcomes, costs, and benefits of early childhood programs. The authors focus on evaluations of 115 early childhood programs serving children or parents of children from the prenatal period to age 5. Although preschool is perhaps the best-known early childhood intervention, the study also reviewed such programs as home visiting, parent education, government transfers providing cash and in-kind benefits, and those that use a combination of approaches. The findings demonstrate that most of the reviewed programs have favorable effects on at least one child outcome and those with an economic evaluation tend to show positive economic returns. With this expanded evidence base, policymakers can be highly confident that well-designed and -implemented early childhood programs can improve the lives of children and their families.
Exploring Gender Stereotypes in Primary Education .docx
Creators: name: Watt, Wendy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: 130308 Gender, Sexuality and Education
subject: 130105 Primary Education (excl. Maori)

description: This research study sought to establish the prevalence of conscious and unconscious gender stereotyping in pupils at three stages of a primary school setting. It considered how a series of intervention lessons would impact gender stereotypes and their influence on pupils aspirations in terms of career choice. A mixed methodology approach was taken with data collected from pre and post intervention questionnaires, informal interviews, participant observations and elicitation techniques. The professional enquiry formed part of an action research cycle to identify gender bias of teachers and improve the delivery of Gender Awareness lessons which support all pupils. Findings from the study suggested a reduction in the gender stereotypes held by the participants post intervention. Further research would be required to identify whether these results would be replicated in other schools and whether participants would maintain these views as they progressed through primary school.
Investigation of collective radial expansion and stopping in heavy ion collisions at Fermi energies
Creators: name: Bonnet, Eric
name: Colonna, Maria
name: Chbihi, A.
name: Frankland, J. D.
name: Gruyer, D.
name: Wielecko, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of multifragmentation events observed in central Xe+Sn reactions at Fermi energies. Performing a comparison between the predictions of the Stochastic Mean Field (SMF) transport model and experimental data, we investigate the impact of the compression-expansion dynamics on the properties of the final reaction products. We show that the amount of radial collective expansion, which characterizes the dynamical stage of the reaction, influences directly the onset of multifragmentation and the kinematic properties of multifragmentation events. For the same set of events we also undertake a shape analysis in momentum space, looking at the degree of stopping reached in the collision, as proposed in recent experimental studies. We show that full stopping is achieved for the most central collisions at Fermi energies. However, considering the same central event selection as in the experimental data, we observe a similar behavior of the stopping power with the beam energy, which can be associated with a change of the fragmentation mechanism, from statistical to prompt fragment emission.
description: 15 pages
Half-Magnetization Plateau of a Dipolar Spin Ice in a [100] Field
Creators: name: Lin, Sheng-Ching
name: Kao, Ying-Jer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here numerical results of the low-temperature behavior of a dipolar spin ice in a magnetic field along the [100] direction. Tuning the magnetic field, the system exhibit a half-magnetization plateau at low temperature. This half-polarized phase should correspond to a quantum solid phase in an effective 2D quantum boson model, and the transition from the Coulomb phase with a power-law correlation to this state can be regarded as a superfluid to a quantum solid transition. We discuss possible experimental signatures of this half-polarized state.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures; Published version
Alcomaja latens Ng & Forges 2015, n. sp.
Creators: name: Ng, Peter K. L.
name: Forges, Bertrand Richer De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Majidae
Alcomaja
Alcomaja latens

description: Alcomaja latens n. sp. (Figs. 17D, 20K–N, 36N, 45G, 49F) Material examined. Holotype: male (25.3 × 21.4 mm) (MNHN-IU-2013-4050), station DW 2190, 8°24’S 159°27’E, 140–263 m, Solomon Islands, coll. RV Alis, SALOMON 2, 24 October 2004. Diagnosis. Carapace pyriform; dorsal surface of carapace and ambulatory legs covered with short, hooked setae; with small rounded granules (Fig. 17D). Pseudorostral spines with rounded cross-section (Fig. 36N). Antorbital spine almost straight; intercalated spine subtruncate basally; postocular spine strong, pointing anteriorly and outwards; 1 distinct hepatic spine with small basal spine (Fig. 36N). Lateral and branchial spines strong in juveniles and adults (Fig. 17D). Subhepatic region with rugose and weakly granulated surface. Basal antennal article with low granules and 2 tubercles, with 2 distal spines. Ischium of third maxilliped almost smooth to slightly rugose (Fig. 45G). Ambulatory legs relatively short, first leg never twice length of carapace; surfaces distinctly setose (Fig. 17D). G1 gently curved, with distal part gently curved upwards (Fig. 20K–N). Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin for “hidden”, alluding to a general absence of external characters to separate the new species from A. nagashimaensis. Remarks. Alcomaja latens n. sp. is very close to A. nagashimaensis (T. Sakai, 1969) and the two species can only be effectively separated by the form of the G1. In Alcomaja latens, the dorsal part is gently bent upwards (Fig. 20K–N) while in A. nagashimaensis, it is gently curved downwards (Fig. 20A–J). At around the same size as the holotype of A. latens, a male specimen of A. nagashimaensis already has distinctly inflated chelipeds.
description: Published as part of Ng, Peter K. L. & Forges, Bertrand Richer De, 2015, Revision of the spider crab genus Maja Lamarck, 1801 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majoidea: Majidae), with descriptions of seven new genera and 17 new species from the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific, pp. 110-225 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 63 on page 152, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5384590
description: {"references": ["Sakai T (1969) Two new genera and twenty-two new species of crabs from Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82: 243 - 280, figs. 1 - 19, pls. 1, 2."]}
Paramaya coccinea Ng & Forges 2015, n. sp.
Creators: name: Ng, Peter K. L.
name: Forges, Bertrand Richer De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Majidae
Paramaya
Paramaya coccinea

description: Paramaya coccinea n. sp. (Figs. 22A, 23G–I, 37C, 40C, 42B, 45L, 50C, 54C, 56B, 70B) Material examined. Holotype: male (69.0 × 55.6 mm) (MNHN), northeast of Malo Island, near Santo, 201–212 m, 15°39.0’S 167°15.8’E, Vanuatu, coll. RV Alis, SANTO 2006, 5 October 2006. Diagnosis. Pseudorostral horns very long (Fig. 22A). Hepatic, lateral and branchial spines very long; median row with 5 spines: 3 gastric, 1 cardiac, 1 intestinal; 2 strong spines on posterior carapace margin (Fig. 22A). Surface of thoracic sternum relatively smooth, with very low rounded granules (Fig. 50C). Chela of adult male slender, without carina (Fig. 54C). Ambulatory meri in adults relatively slender, long (Fig. 22A). G1 gently curved (Fig. 23G–I). Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin for scarlet, alluding to the bright red colour of the species when alive. Remarks. Paramaya coccinea n. sp. is close to P. ouch n. sp., with both species having long pseudorostral spines and very long spines on the margins of the carapace. There are several differences. The surfaces of the thoracic sternum are granular in P. ouch (Fig. 50B) but smooth to almost smooth in P. coccinea (Fig. 50C). The ambulatory legs are also longer and relatively more slender in P. coccinea (Fig. 22A) than in P. spinigera (Fig. 21A–D). The G1 of P. coccinea resembles that of P. spinigera (Figs. 23A–D, G–I), and both differ from that of P. ouch which is more strongly curved distally (Fig. 23D–F). The live coloration is also different: totally red in P. coccinea (Fig. 70B) but red and cream in P. ouch (Fig. 70A).
description: Published as part of Ng, Peter K. L. & Forges, Bertrand Richer De, 2015, Revision of the spider crab genus Maja Lamarck, 1801 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majoidea: Majidae), with descriptions of seven new genera and 17 new species from the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific, pp. 110-225 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 63 on page 159, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5384590
Remarks on the tensor degree of finite groups
Creators: name: Alghamdi, Ahmad M. A.
name: Russo, Francesco G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20J99, 20D15, 20D60, 20C25

description: The present paper is a note on the tensor degree of finite groups, introduced recently in literature. This numerical invariant generalizes the commutativity degree through the notion of nonabelian tensor square. We show two inequalities, which correlate the tensor and the commutativity degree of finite groups, and, indirectly, structural properties will be discussed.
description: 5 pages; to appear with revisions in Filomat
Charting lattice thermal conductivity for inorganic crystals and discovering rare earth chalcogenides for thermoelectrics
Creators: name: Zhu, Taishan
name: He, Ran
name: Gong, Sheng
name: Xie, Tian
name: Gorai, Prashun
name: Nielsch, Kornelius
name: Grossman, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: Cambridge : RSC Publ.
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chalcogenides
subject: Crystal structure
subject: Decision trees
subject: Rare earths
subject: Thermoelectric energy conversion
subject: Thermoelectricity
subject: Waste heat
subject: Graph neural networks
subject: Inorganic crystal structure database
subject: Inorganic materials
subject: Lattice thermal conductivity
subject: Materials informatics
subject: Structural chemistry
subject: Thermo-Electric materials
subject: Thermal conductivity
subject: inorganic compound
subject: lattice dynamics
subject: power generation
subject: rare earth element
subject: 690

description: Thermoelectric power generation represents a promising approach to utilize waste heat. The most effective thermoelectric materials exhibit low thermal conductivity κ. However, less than 5% out of about 105 synthesized inorganic materials are documented with their κ values, while for the remaining 95% κ values are missing and challenging to predict. In this work, by combining graph neural networks and random forest approaches, we predict the thermal conductivity of all known inorganic materials in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, and chart the structural chemistry of κ into extended van-Arkel triangles. Together with the newly developed κ map and our theoretical tool, we identify rare-earth chalcogenides as promising candidates, of which we measured ZT exceeding 1.0. We note that the κ chart can be further explored, and our computational and analytical tools are applicable generally for materials informatics.
EAST/SeSAME Syndrome and Beyond: The Spectrum of Kir4.1- and Kir5.1-Associated Channelopathies
Creators: name: Lo, Jacky
name: Forst, Anna-Lena
name: Warth, Richard
name: Zdebik, Anselm A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: KCNJ10, KCNJ16, EAST syndrome, SeSAME syndrome, channelopathy, epilepsy, deafness, distal convoluted tubule
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: In 2009, two groups independently linked human mutations in the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 (gene name KCNJ10) to a syndrome affecting the central nervous system (CNS), hearing, and renal tubular salt reabsorption. The autosomal recessive syndrome has been named EAST (epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, and renal tubulopathy) or SeSAME syndrome (seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, intellectual disability, and electrolyte imbalance), accordingly. Renal dysfunction in EAST/SeSAME patients results in loss of Na+, K+, and Mg2+ with urine, activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Kir4.1 is highly expressed in affected organs: the CNS, inner ear, and kidney. In the kidney, it mostly forms heteromeric channels with Kir5.1 (KCNJ16). Biallelic loss-of-function mutations of Kir5.1 can also have disease significance, but the clinical symptoms differ substantially from those of EAST/SeSAME syndrome: although sensorineural hearing loss and hypokalemia are replicated, there is no alkalosis, but rather acidosis of variable severity; in contrast to EAST/SeSAME syndrome, the CNS is unaffected. This review provides a framework for understanding some of these differences and will guide the reader through the growing literature on Kir4.1 and Kir5.1, discussing the complex disease mechanisms and the variable expression of disease symptoms from a molecular and systems physiology perspective. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of these diseases and their multifaceted clinical spectrum is an important prerequisite for making the correct diagnosis and forms the basis for personalized therapies.
Mathematical quantum Yang-Mills theory revisited
Creators: name: Dynin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T13, 81T07

description: A mathematically rigorous relativistic quantum Yang-Mills theory with an arbitrary semisimple compact gauge Lie group is set up in the Hamiltonian canonical formalism. The theory is non-perturbative, without cut-offs, and agrees with the causality and stability principles. This paper presents a fully revised, simplified, and corrected version of the corresponding material in the previous papers DYNIN[11] and [12]. The principal result is established anew: due to the quartic self-interaction term in the Yang-Mills Lagrangian along with the semisimplicity of the gauge group, the quantum Yang-Mills energy spectrum has a positive mass gap. Furthermore, the quantum Yang-Mills Hamiltonian has a countable orthogonal eigenbasis in a Fock space, so that the quantum Yang-Mills spectrum is point and countable. In addition a fine structure of the spectrum is elucidated. KEYS: Millennium Yang-Mills problem; Finite propagation speed; Sobolev inequalities; Nuclear vector spaces; Infinite-dimensional holomorphy; Friedrichs operator extensions; Variational spectral principle; Symbols and spectral theory of pseudo-differential operators.
description: Minor changes; misprints are corrected
Finsler metrics and relativistic spacetimes
Creators: name: Javaloyes, Miguel A.
name: Sánchez, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent links between Finsler Geometry and the geometry of spacetimes are briefly revisited, and prospective ideas and results are explained. Special attention is paid to geometric problems with a direct motivation in Relativity and other parts of Physics.
description: 15 pages, v2: Final version with a new last section of conclusions and minor modifications, to appear in International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics, in the Special Issue for the XXII IFWGP Evora DOI: 10.1142/S0219887814600329
Sakaija longispinosa Ng & Forges 2015, n. sp.
Creators: name: Ng, Peter K. L.
name: Forges, Bertrand Richer De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Majidae
Sakaija
Sakaija longispinosa

description: Sakaija longispinosa n. sp. (Figs. 32A, B, 37N, 46L) Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female (11.4 × 8.6 mm) (NMV J63792), Northwest Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier, 18°45.00’S 118°24.00’E, 142 m, Australia, coll. RV Soela, 5 June 2007. Paratype: 1 ovigerous female (14.2 × 10.7 mm) (NMV J63197), same data as holotype. Others: Australia – 1 ovigerous female (13.4 × 9.7 mm) (NMV J60779), northwestern coast, Adele L 26 transect 14°33.41’S 122°54.22’E, 135–165 m, coll. RV Southern Surveyor, 4 July 2007. Diagnosis. Carapace branchial area gently inflated, ovate; with very long lateral and branchial spines (Fig. 32A, B). Pseudorostral spines long, diverging (Fig. 37N). Supraocular eave distinctly curved; antorbital spine strong, curved distally upwards; intercalated spine short, with very wide gaps between spines; postorbital spine long, pointed anteriorly; hepatic spine small, pointed outwards (Fig. 32A, B). Lateral margin with 2 distinct spines, anterior one small; branchial spine very long; median row with 4 spines: 2 gastric (the anterior one reduced), 1 long cardiac, 1 long intestinal; posterior carapace margin with 1 strong median spine and 2 adjacent small spinules or sharp spines (Fig. 32A, B). Basal antennal article with 2 blunt distal teeth, with 3 rows of 4 granules. Ischium of third maxilliped distinctly granulated (Fig. 46L). Ambulatory legs relatively short (Fig. 32A, B). G1 not known. Etymology. The name alludes to the long carapace spines of the species. Remarks. This species has proportionately, the longest lateral and branchial spines in any congener, which easily distinguish it. As such, we are confident in referring it to a new species even in the absence of males. One ovigerous specimen (NMV J60779) is tentatively referred to S. longispinosa. It appears to be somewhat more setose compared to the others and several of its major spines are broken.
description: Published as part of Ng, Peter K. L. & Forges, Bertrand Richer De, 2015, Revision of the spider crab genus Maja Lamarck, 1801 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majoidea: Majidae), with descriptions of seven new genera and 17 new species from the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific, pp. 110-225 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 63 on page 174, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5384590
Teaching with Feminist Judgments: A Global Conversation
Creators: name: Crawford, Bridget J
name: Stanchi, Kathryn
name: Berger, Linda L
name: Appleby, Gabrielle J
name: Appleton, Susan Frelich
name: Astoria, Ross
name: Cowan, Sharon
name: Dixon, Rosalind
name: Lavers, Troy
name: McArdle, Andrea L
name: McDonald, Elisabeth
name: McMurtry-Chubb, Teri A
name: Munro, Vanessa
name: Wilkins, Pam
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
Asymmetric galaxy correlation functions
Creators: name: Bonvin, Camille
name: Hui, Lam
name: Gaztanaga, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-point cross-correlation function between two populations of galaxies: for instance a bright population and a faint population. We show that this cross-correlation is asymmetric under the exchange of the line-of-sight coordinate of the galaxies, i.e. that the correlation is different if the bright galaxy is in front of, or behind, the faint galaxy. We give an intuitive, quasi-Newtonian derivation of all the effects that contribute to such an asymmetry in large-scale structure: gravitational redshift, Doppler shift, lensing, light-cone, evolution and Alcock-Paczynski effects - interestingly, the gravitational redshift term is exactly canceled by some of the others, assuming geodesic motion. Most of these effects are captured by previous calculations of general relativistic corrections to the observed galaxy density fluctuation; the asymmetry arises from terms that are suppressed by the ratio H/k - H is the Hubble constant and k is the wavenumber - which are more readily observable than the terms suppressed by (H/k)^2. Some of the contributions to the asymmetry, however, arise from terms that are generally considered 'Newtonian' - the lensing and evolution - and thus represent a contaminant in the search for general relativistic corrections. We propose methods to disentangle these different contributions. A simple method reduces the contamination to a level of < 10% for redshifts z<1. We also clarify the relation to recent work on measuring gravitational redshifts by stacking clusters.
description: v1: 22 pages, 12 figures; v2: discussion about the Alcock-Paczynski effect and about dust extinction added, new figure 13 explaining the sign of the dipole, discussion in appendix E about the comparison with clusters measurement extended. This version matches the published version
The genesis of the internal resistance of a battery -- a physical perspective
Creators: name: Singal, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard exposition of the internal resistance of a battery, that a battery comprises a source of emf in series with an internal resistance, as given in engineering and physics text-books, is lacking in proper explanation. It is treated merely as an experimental fact, and not something that should follow from logic. The battery has a tendency to maintain electric potential difference across its terminals equal to its chemical potential, and in an open circuit, when no current flows, these two do match. However in a closed circuit, a drop in electric potential across the battery terminals is inevitable for a steady flow of electric current throughout the circuit, because the chemical reactions driving the electric current within the battery can proceed only if the electric potential at its terminals differs from the chemical potential. It is shown that for small voltage changes, the current passing through the battery is linearly proportional to the change in potential from the open-circuit value (i.e., its chemical potential), giving rise to a semblance of an internal resistance in series with the external resistance. It follows that a battery {\em has to have} an internal resistance in order to function as a power source. It is also shown that Thevenin's theorem does not make our results superfluous, in fact our results are presupposed in its derivation.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, accepted in Phys. Ed
Fate of disorder-induced inhomogeneities in strongly correlated d-wave superconductors
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Debmalya
name: Ghosal, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the complex interplay of the strong correlations and impurities in a high temperature superconductor and show that both the nature and degree of the inhomogeneities at zero temperature in the local order parameters change drastically from what are obtained in a simple Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory. While both the strong electronic repulsions and disorder contribute to the nanoscale inhomogeneity in the population of charge-carriers, we find them to compete with each other leading to a relatively smooth variation of the local density. Our self-consistent calculations modify the spatial fluctuations in the pairing amplitude by suppressing all the double-occupancy within a Gutzwiller formalism and prohibit the formation of distinct superconducting-`islands'. In contrast, presence of such `islands' controls the outcome if strong correlations are neglected. The reorganization of the spatial structures in the Gutzwiller method makes these superconductors surprisingly insensitive to the impurities. This is illustrated by a very weak decay of superfluid stiffness, off-diagonal long range order and local density of states up to a large disorder strength. Exploring the origin of such a robustness we conclude that the underlying one-particle normal states reshape in a rich manner, such that the superconductor formed by pairing these states experiences a weaker but spatially correlated effective disorder. Such a route to superconductivity is evocative of Anderson's theorem. Our results capture the key experimental trends in the cuprates.
description: Text re-written with results unchanged. To appear in New Journal of Physics
Coexistence of Superconductor and Spin-Density Wave in (TMTSF)2ClO4: Spatial Structure of the Two-phase State
Creators: name: Gerasimenko, Ya. A.
name: Sanduleanu, S. V.
name: Prudkoglyad, V. A.
name: Kornilov, A. V.
name: Yamada, J.
name: Qualls, J. S.
name: Pudalov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report comprehensive (magneto)transport studies of the two-phase state in (TMTSF)2ClO4, where superconducting (SC) phase coexists with spin-density wave insulator (SDW). By tuning the degree of ClO4 anion ordering in controlled manner we drive SDW state and study the evolution of the SC spatial texture. We find that as SDW is suppressed, SC regions initially appear inside the SDW insulator in a form of filaments extended in the interlayer direction and further merge into the two-dimensional sheets across the most conducting axis of the crystal. We demonstrate that almost all our results can be explained within the soliton phase model, though with several assumptions they can also be interpreted by the creation of non-uniform deformations. We believe that the anisotropy is intrinsic to SC/SDW coexistence in quasi one-dimensional superconductors.
description: accepted version
Goos-Hänchen and Imbert-Fedorov shifts from a quantum-mechanical perspective
Creators: name: Töppel, Falk
name: Ornigotti, Marco
name: Aiello, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the classical optics effects known as Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shifts, occurring when reflecting a bounded light beam from a planar surface, by using a quantum-mechanical formalism. This new approach allows us to naturally separate the spatial shift into two parts, one independent on orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the other one showing OAM-induced spatial-vs-angular shift mixing. In addition, within this quantum-mechanical-like formalism, it becomes apparent that the angular shift is proportional to the beams angular spread, namely to the variance of the transverse components of the wave vector. Moreover, we extent our treatment to the enhancement of beam shifts via weak measurements and relate our results to recent experiments.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure
title: Renewable energy in rural areas : the best path to sustainable development? a case study in rural Tanzania
Creators: name: Dauda, Masoud
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Renewable energy innovations based on wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy are currently seen as offering a potential alternative to rural energy supply problems in rural Tanzania. However, such initiatives meet with some setbacks since renewable energy projects in Tanzania still face several challenges. Technical, social and economic barriers have constrained a speedy transfer and adoption of renewable energy innovations in most parts of rural Tanzania. This thesis therefore explores the roles that could be played by community-based organisations in facilitating the transfer and adoption of renewable energy innovations in rural areas. Community-based organisations (such as cooperative societies) can play a key role in innovation because they have the capacity to pool, aggregate, and disseminate knowledge and information to all actors in an innovation system. Cooperative societies are often positioned in both service networks and supply chains that allow them to coordinate activities and create an enabling environment for innovation. Thus, acting as innovation brokers, these organisations can utilise the available resources and existing social networks to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy technologies in rural Tanzania. This study was conducted in Magu district and employed an innovation systems approach in interpreting the main findings. The innovation systems approach stresses the importance of interactions among actors involved in technology development. It describes innovation as resulting from complex interaction between actors and institutions. The approach has provided insights into understanding the factors that facilitate or impede the transfer and adoption of renewable energy innovations in the study area. Despite the government initiatives to promote renewable energy innovations in Mwanza region, the study findings suggest that only a small percentage of households in the study area have adopted solar PV systems and improved cooking stoves. The thesis contributes to the innovation systems literature in two important ways: firstly, it explores the role that could be played by innovation brokers (intermediaries) in the transfer and adoption of renewable energy innovations. Secondly, it also applies systems thinking in identifying barriers in the h'ansfer and adoption of renewable energy innovations, especially on 'a technology-specific innovation system'. Most importantly, systems thinking approach helps us to understand the connection between energy demands, poverty and sustainable development in rural Tanzania.
title: Zur Rolle der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) und des Joint Information Committee (JISC) innerhalb der deutschen und englischen Bibliothekslandschaft exemplifiziert an ausgewählten Tätigkeitsbereichen und Förderprojekten
Creators: name: Blümm, Mirjam
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2012

description: Mit dem sich rasant vollziehenden technologischen Wandel und der zunehmenden Digitalisierung von Inhalten entstehen neue Anforderungen an die Bereitstellung, Abrufbarkeit und Verknüpfung von Informationen. Bibliotheken als Informationsdienstleister müssen auf diese Veränderungen reagieren damit sie ihren Nutzern weiterhin optimale Arbeitsbedingungen bieten und Wissenschaftler bei ihrer Forschung unterstützen können. Dafür brauchen sie auch die Impulse von Förderorganisationen um gemeinsam zukunftsweisende Entwicklungen vorantreiben. Wie sich das im Einzelnen gestalten kann, wird exemplarisch anhand der deutschen und englischen Bibliothekslandschaft ausgeführt: Unter Bezugnahme auf das Positionspapier Wissenschaftliche Literaturversorgungs- und Informationssysteme. Schwerpunkte der Förderung bis 2015 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft werden anhand der Projekte Digitalisierung der in den ‚Personalbibliographien zu den Drucken des Barock‘ von Gerhard Dünnhaupt nachgewiesenen Werke (dünnhauptdigital), Organisatorische und technische Weiterentwicklung der kopal-Lösung zu einem integrierten Dienst zur kommissarischen Langzeitarchivierung digitaler Daten (DP4lib) und Kompetenzzentrum für Forschungsdaten aus Erde und Umwelt die Förderbereiche der Organisation zur Wissenschaftlichen Literaturversorgungs- und Informationssystemen (LIS) näher beleuchtet. Das britische Joint Information Systems Committee fördert vergleichsweise Programme und Projekte mit Bibliotheksbezug. Hier werden das Projekt Internet library of Early Journals aus dem Programm Electronic Libraries (eLib), die Kampagne Libraries of the Future und das Project Research Support Services for Scholars: Chemistry aus dem Programm Digital infrastructure: Information and library infrastructure programme vorgestellt. Da viele der künftigen Herausforderungen, wie der uneingeschränkte Zugriff auf Fachpublikationen wohl nur durch internationale Kooperation dauerhaft zu lösen sind, haben sich JISC und DFG mit der Denmark’s Electronic Research Library (DEFF) und der niederländischen SURFfoundation zum Kompetenznetzwerk Knowledge Exchange zusammengeschlossen um neben weiteren Zielen und Arbeitsbereichen neue Modelle zur multinationalen Lizenzierung auf europäischer Ebene zu erproben. Als Ausblick werden abschließen die Auswirkungen der Förderaktivitäten auf die deutsche und englische Bibliothekslandschaft dargestellt.
description: Perspektive Bibliothek, Bd. 1, Nr. 1 (2012), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Nummer: 1, Jahr: 2012, Bände pro Jahr: 1
A new determination of the eta transition form factor in the Dalitz decay eta -> e^+ e^- gamma with the Crystal Ball/TAPS detectors at the Mainz Microtron
Creators: name: Aguar-Bartolomé, P.
name: Annand, J. R. M.
name: Arends, H. J.
name: Bantawa, K.
name: Beck, R.
name: Bekrenev, V.
name: Berghäuser, H.
name: Braghieri, A.
name: Briscoe, W. J.
name: Brudvik, J.
name: Cherepnya, S.
name: Codling, R. F. B.
name: Collicott, C.
name: Costanza, S.
name: Denig, A.
name: Downie, E. J.
name: Drexler, P.
name: Fil'kov, L. V.
name: Fix, A.
name: Glazier, D. I.
name: Gregor, R.
name: Hamilton, D. J.
name: Heid, E.
name: Hornidge, D.
name: Isaksson, L.
name: Jaegle, I.
name: Jahn, O.
name: Jude, T. C.
name: Kashevarov, V. L.
name: Keshelashvili, I.
name: Kondratiev, R.
name: Korolija, M.
name: Kotulla, M.
name: Koulbardis, A.
name: Kruglov, S.
name: Krusche, B.
name: Lisin, V.
name: Livingston, K.
name: MacGregor, I. J. D.
name: Maghrbi, Y.
name: Manley, D. M.
name: Masjuan, P.
name: McGeorge, J. C.
name: McNicoll, E. F.
name: Mekterovic, D.
name: Metag, V.
name: Mushkarenkov, A.
name: Nefkens, B. M. K.
name: Nikolaev, A.
name: Novotny, R.
name: Ortega, H.
name: Ostrick, M.
name: Ott, P.
name: Otte, P. B.
name: Oussena, B.
name: Pedroni, P.
name: Pheron, F.
name: Polonski, A.
name: Prakhov, S.
name: Robinson, J.
name: Rosner, G.
name: Rostomyan, T.
name: Schumann, S.
name: Sikora, M. H.
name: Sober, D. I.
name: Starostin, A.
name: Strakovsky, I. I.
name: Suarez, I. M.
name: Supek, I.
name: Tarbert, C. M.
name: Thiel, M.
name: Thomas, A.
name: Unverzagt, M.
name: Watts, D. P.
name: Werthmüller, D.
name: Zehr., F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dalitz decay eta -> e^+ e^- gamma has been measured in the gamma p -> eta p reaction with the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers, together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The experimental statistic used in this work is one order of magnitude greater than in any previous measurement of eta -> e^+ e^- gamma. The value obtained for the slope parameter 1/Lambda^2 of the eta transition form factor, 1/Lambda^2 = (1.95 +/- 0.15_stat +/- 0.10_syst) [1/GeV^2], is in good agreement with recent measurements conducted in eta -> e^+ e^- gamma and eta -> mu^+ mu^- gamma decays, as well as with recent form-factor calculations. The uncertainty obtained in the value of 1/Lambda^2 is lower compared to results from previous measurements of the eta -> e^+ e^- gamma decay.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Universal dynamics of a degenerate unitary Bose gas
Creators: name: Makotyn, Philip
name: Klauss, Catherine E.
name: Goldberger, David L.
name: Cornell, Eric. A.
name: Jin, Deborah S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the rich behavior that emerges from systems of interacting quantum particles, such as electrons in materials, nucleons in nuclei or neutron stars, the quark-gluon plasma, and superfluid liquid helium, requires investigation of systems that are clean, accessible, and have tunable parameters. Ultracold quantum gases offer tremendous promise for this application largely due to an unprecedented control over interactions. Specifically, $a$, the two-body scattering length that characterizes the interaction strength, can be tuned to any value. This offers prospects for experimental access to regimes where the behavior is not well understood because interactions are strong, atom-atom correlations are important, mean-field theory is inadequate, and equilibrium may not be reached or perhaps does not even exist. Of particular interest is the unitary gas, where $a$ is infinite, and where many aspects of the system are universal in that they depend only on the particle density and quantum statistics. While the unitary Fermi gas has been the subject of intense experimental and theoretical investigation, the degenerate unitary Bose gas has generally been deemed experimentally inaccessible because of three-body loss rates that increase dramatically with increasing $a$. Here, we investigate dynamics of a unitary Bose gas for timescales that are short compared to the loss. We find that the momentum distribution of the unitary Bose gas evolves on timescales fast compared to losses, and that both the timescale for this evolution and the limiting shape of the momentum distribution are consistent with universal scaling with density. This work demonstrates that a unitary Bose gas can be created and probed dynamically, and thus opens the door for further exploration of this novel strongly interacting quantum liquid.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. belated upload of corrected submission
Generalized robust shrinkage estimator and its application to STAP detection problem
Creators: name: Pascal, Frederic
name: Chitour, Yacine
name: Quek, Yihui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, in the context of covariance matrix estimation, in order to improve as well as to regularize the performance of the Tyler's estimator [1] also called the Fixed-Point Estimator (FPE) [2], a "shrinkage" fixed-point estimator has been introduced in [3]. First, this work extends the results of [3,4] by giving the general solution of the "shrinkage" fixed-point algorithm. Secondly, by analyzing this solution, called the generalized robust shrinkage estimator, we prove that this solution converges to a unique solution when the shrinkage parameter $β$ (losing factor) tends to 0. This solution is exactly the FPE with the trace of its inverse equal to the dimension of the problem. This general result allows one to give another interpretation of the FPE and more generally, on the Maximum Likelihood approach for covariance matrix estimation when constraints are added. Then, some simulations illustrate our theoretical results as well as the way to choose an optimal shrinkage factor. Finally, this work is applied to a Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) detection problem on real STAP data.
A Budget and Accounting of Metals at z~0: Results from the COS-Halos Survey
Creators: name: Peeples, Molly S.
name: Werk, Jessica K.
name: Tumlinson, Jason
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Katz, Neal
name: Weinberg, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a budget and accounting of metals in and around star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 0$. We combine empirically derived star formation histories with updated supernova and AGB yields and rates to estimate the total mass of metals produced by galaxies with present-day stellar mass of $10^{9.3}$--$10^{11.6} M_{\odot}$. On the accounting side of the ledger, we show that a surprisingly constant 20--25% mass fraction of produced metals remain in galaxies' stars, interstellar gas and interstellar dust, with little dependence of this fraction on the galaxy stellar mass (omitting those metals immediately locked up in remnants). Thus, the bulk of metals are outside of galaxies, produced in the progenitors of today's $L^*$ galaxies. The COS-Halos survey is uniquely able to measure the mass of metals in the circumgalactic medium (to impact parameters of $< 150$ kpc) of low-redshift $\sim L^*$ galaxies. Using these data, we map the distribution of CGM metals as traced by both the highly ionized OVI ion and a suite of low-ionization species; combined with constraints on circumgalactic dust and hotter X-ray emitting gas out to similar impact parameters, we show that $\sim 40$% of metals produced by $M_{\star}\sim 10^{10}M_{\odot}$ galaxies can be easily accounted for out to 150 kpc. With the current data, we cannot rule out a constant mass of metals within this fixed physical radius. This census provides a crucial boundary condition for the eventual fate of metals in galaxy evolution models.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. ApJ, in press