cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Overview of ISM bands and Software-defined Radio Experimentation
Creators: name: Kumbhar, Abhaykumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Wireless systems using low-power wireless communication protocol are rapidly gain popularity in the license-free industrial scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands. One such emerging trend in ISM frequency bands is home automation. Historically, all the home devices were once unconnected, today are now being connected either by a wired or wireless connection. The low-power wireless communication protocols enable integration of all the digital home devices into a single system and enhance end user product experience. The rapid prototyping of these end user product using programmable radio system such as software-defined radio (SDR) has been the game-changer in the field of home automation. In this article, we present an overview of popular ISM bands in different regions of the world. Furthermore, we analyze the signals from the wireless electric switch using a software-defined radio in 433 MHz ISM band.
From μCT data to CFD: an open-source workflow for engineering applications
Creators: name: Kuhlmann, Kevin
name: Sinn, Christoph
name: Siebert, Judith Marie Undine
name: Wehinger, Gregor
name: Thöming, Jorg
name: Pesch, Georg R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The generation of high-quality volume meshes out of µCT data can be a challenging task that is mandatory to perform CFD simulations of fluid flows within or around scanned objects. Despite the growing relevance of CT-based CFD simulations, there is still a lack of a standardized, free-to-use workflow. In this work, an open-source based workflow is presented, which covers all steps from the CT image stack to a volume mesh in the end. The software packages ImageJ, ParaView, and Blender are used for surface reconstruction and processing of µCT data; resulting meshes are evaluated regarding geometric parameters, surface fidelity, and used memory. For volume meshing, the mesh generator snappyHexMesh implemented in OpenFOAM is used. A detailed description of this workflow is provided in the Supplementary Materials. We demonstrate how potential pitfalls and shortcomings can be avoided and how surface smoothing is especially important to preserve the surface area of scanned objects. We use CT data of a 10 ppi open cell foam to illustrate that data decimation can reduce the required time for the volume meshing by up to 45% and RAM up to 75%. The resulting meshes are used to simulate flow fields and heat transport with a surface heat source. The resulting temperature fields show that differences in the surface area and recesses in an unsmoothed mesh can affect the outcome of heat transport simulations, highly relevant for reactive CFD simulations. The results highlight the quality of our workflow’s outcome, which can help engineers that rely on CT reconstruction processes, also for other applications.
Heavy ion collisions and cosmology
Creators: name: Floerchinger, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are interesting parallels between the physics of heavy ion collisions and cosmology. Both systems are out-of-equilibrium and relativistic fluid dynamics plays an important role for their theoretical description. From a comparison one can draw interesting conclusions for both sides. For heavy ion physics it could be rewarding to attempt a theoretical description of fluid perturbations similar to cosmological perturbation theory. In the context of late time cosmology, it could be interesting to study dissipative properties such as shear and bulk viscosity and corresponding relaxation times in more detail. Knowledge and experience from heavy ion physics could help to constrain the microscopic properties of dark matter from observational knowledge of the cosmological fluid properties.
description: 8 pages, Plenary contribution to the proceedings of Quark Matter 2015, Kobe, Japan
To Profile or To Marginalize -- A SMEFT Case Study
Creators: name: Brivio, Ilaria
name: Bruggisser, Sebastian
name: Elmer, Nina
name: Geoffray, Emma
name: Luchmann, Michel
name: Plehn, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global SMEFT analyses have become a key interpretation framework for LHC physics, quantifying how well a large set of kinematic measurements agrees with the Standard Model. This agreement is encoded in measured Wilson coefficients and their uncertainties. A technical challenge of global analyses are correlations. We compare, for the first time, results from a profile likelihood and a Bayesian marginalization for a given data set with a comprehensive uncertainty treatment. Using the validated Bayesian framework we analyse a series of new kinematic measurements. For the updated dataset we find and explain differences between the marginalization and profile likelihood treatments.
description: 38 pages, 27 figures
SU(2) Gauge Theory with Two Fundamental Flavours: a Minimal Template for Model Building
Creators: name: Arthur, Rudy
name: Drach, Vincent
name: Hansen, Martin
name: Hietanen, Ari
name: Pica, Claudio
name: Sannino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the continuum spectrum of the SU(2) gauge theory with $N_f=2$ flavours of fermions in the fundamental representation. This model provides a minimal template which is ideal for a wide class of Standard Model extensions featuring novel strong dynamics that range from composite (Goldstone) Higgs theories to several intriguing types of dark matter candidates, such as the SIMPs. We improve our previous lattice analysis [1] by adding more data at light quark masses, at two additional lattice spacings, by determining the lattice cutoff via a Wilson flow measure of the $w_0$ parameter, and by measuring the relevant renormalisation constants non-perturbatively in the RI'-MOM scheme. Our results for the lightest isovector states in the vector and axial channels, in units of the pseudoscalar decay constant, are $m_V/F_{\rm{PS}}\sim 13.1(2.2)$ and $m_A/F_{\rm{PS}}\sim 14.5(3.6)$ (combining statistical and systematic errors). In the context of the composite (Goldstone) Higgs models, our result for the spin-one resonances are $m_V > 3.2(5)$ TeV and $m_A > 3.6(9)$ TeV, which are above the current LHC constraints. In the context of dark matter models, for the SIMP case our results indicate the occurrence of a compressed spectrum at the required large dark pion mass, which implies the need to include the effects of spin-one resonances in phenomenological estimates.
description: 35 pages, 18 figures
Your Neighbors Are My Spies: Location and other Privacy Concerns in GLBT-focused Location-based Dating Applications
Creators: name: Hoang, Nguyen Phong
name: Asano, Yasuhito
name: Yoshikawa, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Trilateration is one of the well-known threat models to the user's location privacy in location-based apps, especially those contain highly sensitive information such as dating apps. The threat model mainly bases on the publicly shown distance from a targeted victim to the adversary to pinpoint the victim's location. As a countermeasure, most of location-based apps have already implemented the 'hide distance' function, or added noise to the publicly shown distance in order to protect their user's location privacy. The effectiveness of such approaches however is still questionable.
description: This work is a follow-up to arXiv:1604.07850, and is being submitted to the ICACT Transactions on Advanced Communications Technology, thus not a final version of this study
Dark Black Holes in the Mass Gap
Creators: name: Fernandez, Nicolas
name: Ghalsasi, Akshay
name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Smyth, Nolan
name: Santos-Olmsted, Lillian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard picture of stellar evolution, pair-instability -- the energy loss in stellar cores due to electron-positron pair production -- is predicted to prevent the collapse of massive stars into black holes with mass in the range between approximately 50 and 130 solar masses -- a range known as the "{\em black hole mass gap}". LIGO detection of black hole binary mergers containing one or both black holes with masses in this {\em mass gap} thus challenges the standard picture, possibly pointing to an unexpected merger history, unanticipated or poorly understood astrophysical mechanisms, or new physics. Here, we entertain the possibility that a "dark sector" exists, consisting of dark electrons, dark protons, and electromagnetic-like interactions, but no nuclear forces. Dark stars would inevitably form given such dark sector constituents, possibly collapsing into black holes with masses within the mass gap. We study in detail the cooling processes necessary for successful stellar collapse in the dark sector and show that for suitable choices of the particle masses, we indeed predict populating the mass gap with dark sector black holes. In particular, we numerically find that the heavier of the two dark sector massive particles cannot be lighter than, approximately, the visible sector proton for the resulting dark sector black holes to have masses within the mass gap. We discuss constraints on this scenario and how to test it with future, larger black hole merger statistics.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, Comments Welcome, added citations in v2
Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory for metallic fullurene polymers
Creators: name: Yoshioka, Hideo
name: Shima, Hiroyuki
name: Noda, Yusuke
name: Ono, Shota
name: Ohno, Kaoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the low energy behavior of local density of states in metallic C$_{60}$ polymers theoretically. The multichannel bosonization method is applied to electronic band structures evaluated from first principles calculation, by which the effects of electronic correlation and nanoscale corrugation in the atomic configuration are fully taken into account. We obtain a closed-form expression for the power law anomalies in the local density of states, which successfully describes the experimental observation on the \fu polymers in a quantitative manner. An important implication from the closed-form solution is the existence of an experimentally unobserved crossover at nearly a hundred milli-electron volts, beyond which the power law exponent of the \fu polymers should change significantly.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Cosmic-time quantum mechanics and the passage-of-time problem
Creators: name: Czachor, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new dynamical paradigm merging quantum dynamics with cosmology is discussed. Time evolution involves a genuine passage of time, which distinguishes the formalism from those where dynamics in space is equivalent to statics in space-time. Hyperbolic spatial sections occur as asymptotic large-cosmic-time supports of quantum wave functions. For simplicity, the wave functions are defined on $n$-dimensional Minkowski spaces. We begin with empty universe, but then outline the formalism that involves matter fields. As a by-product, we arrive at a new formulation of conformal invariance of $m\neq 0$ fields.
description: published version
Spatiotemporal characterization and forecasting of coastal water quality in the semi-enclosed Tolo Harbour based on machine learning and EKC analysis
Creators: name: Deng, Tianan
name: Duan, Huan-Feng
name: Keramat, Alireza
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Characterizing and forecasting coastal water quality and spatiotemporal evolution should be significant to coastal ecosystem management. However, high-quality modeling coastal water quality and their spatiotemporal evolutions is rather challenging due to complex dynamic mechanisms especially in a spatially and temporally heterogenous semi-enclosed bay. To this end, this study develops a framework incorporating machine learning (ML) algorithms and the Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) analysis to model, analyze and forecast the spatiotemporal variations of water quality indicators for different subzones and seasons in the semi-enclosed Tolo Harbour of Hong Kong. The application results indicate that the developed ML-based framework with an accuracy range of 0.672 ∼ 0.998 is well-suited in forecasting and understanding the coastal water evolution in a semi-enclosed harbour compared to conventional approach. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal characteristics of coastal water quality evolution in this semi-enclosed bay are analyzed and discussed for coastal hydro-environmental management. Moreover, the EKC analysis is also performed for determining the evolutions of essential water quality variables under 95% confidence interval of Hong Kong PCGDP projection and then implemented in the developed ML-based model for future prediction.
Critical behaviour of the extended-ballistic transition for pulled self-avoiding walks
Creators: name: Bradly, C. J.
name: Owczarek, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to study long chain polymers many lattice models accommodate a pulling force applied to a particular part of the chain, often a free endpoint. This is in addition to well-studied features such as energetic interaction between the lattice polymer and a surface. However, the critical behaviour of the pulling force alone is less well studied, such as characterizing the nature of the phase transition and particularly the values of the associated exponents. We investigate a simple model of lattice polymers subject to forced extension, namely self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on the square and simple cubic lattices with one endpoint attached to an impermeable surface and a force applied to the other endpoint acting perpendicular to the surface. In the thermodynamic limit the system undergoes a transition to a ballistic phase as the force is varied and it is known that this transition occurs whenever the magnitude of the force is positive, i.e. $f>f_\text{c}=0$. Using well established scaling arguments we show that the crossover exponent $ϕ$ for the finite-size model is identical to the well-known exponent $ν_d$, which controls the scaling of the size of the polymer in $d$-dimensions. With extensive Monte Carlo simulations we test this conjecture and show that the value of $ϕ$ is indeed consistent with the known values of $ν_2 = 3/4$ and $ν_3 = 0.587 597(7)$. Scaling arguments, in turn, imply the specific heat exponent $α$ is $2/3$ in two dimensions and $0.29815(2)$ in three dimensions.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Statistical mechanics of the Huxley-Simmons model
Creators: name: Caruel, M
name: Truskinovsky, L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemomechanical model of Huxley and Simmons (HS) [A. F. Huxley and R. M. Simmons, Nature 233, 533 (1971)] provides a paradigmatic description of mechanically induced collective conformational changes relevant in a variety of biological contexts, from muscles power-stroke and hair cell gating to integrin binding and hairpin unzipping. We develop a statistical mechanical perspective on the HS model by exploiting a formal analogy with a paramagnetic Ising model. We first study the equilibrium HS model with a finite number of elements and compute explicitly its mechanical and thermal properties. To model kinetics, we derive a master equation and solve it for several loading protocols. The developed formalism is applicable to a broad range of allosteric systems with mean-field interactions.
description: Physical Review E , American Physical Society (APS), 2016. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1510.03011
Meta-Learning the Inductive Biases of Simple Neural Circuits
Creators: name: Dorrell, William
name: Yuffa, Maria
name: Latham, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Training data is always finite, making it unclear how to generalise to unseen situations. But, animals do generalise, wielding Occam's razor to select a parsimonious explanation of their observations. How they do this is called their inductive bias, and it is implicitly built into the operation of animals' neural circuits. This relationship between an observed circuit and its inductive bias is a useful explanatory window for neuroscience, allowing design choices to be understood normatively. However, it is generally very difficult to map circuit structure to inductive bias. Here, we present a neural network tool to bridge this gap. The tool meta-learns the inductive bias by learning functions that a neural circuit finds easy to generalise, since easy-to-generalise functions are exactly those the circuit chooses to explain incomplete data. In systems with analytically known inductive bias, i.e. linear and kernel regression, our tool recovers it. Generally, we show it can flexibly extract inductive biases from supervised learners, including spiking neural networks, and show how it could be applied to real animals. Finally, we use our tool to interpret recent connectomic data illustrating its intended use: understanding the role of circuit features through the resulting inductive bias.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
An Empathetic AI Coach for Self-Attachment Therapy
Creators: name: Alazraki, Lisa
name: Ghachem, Ali
name: Polydorou, Neophytos
name: Khosmood, Foaad
name: Edalat, Abbas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we present a new dataset and a computational strategy for a digital coach that aims to guide users in practicing the protocols of self-attachment therapy. Our framework augments a rule-based conversational agent with a deep-learning classifier for identifying the underlying emotion in a user's text response, as well as a deep-learning assisted retrieval method for producing novel, fluent and empathetic utterances. We also craft a set of human-like personas that users can choose to interact with. Our goal is to achieve a high level of engagement during virtual therapy sessions. We evaluate the effectiveness of our framework in a non-clinical trial with N=16 participants, all of whom have had at least four interactions with the agent over the course of five days. We find that our platform is consistently rated higher for empathy, user engagement and usefulness than the simple rule-based framework. Finally, we provide guidelines to further improve the design and performance of the application, in accordance with the feedback received.
Development of Hybrid Resistive Plate Chambers
Creators: name: Tosun, Mehmet
name: Bilki, Burak
name: Sahbaz, Kutlu Kagan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are essential active media of large-scale experiments as part of the muon systems and (semi-)digital hadron calorimeters. Among the several outstanding issues associated with the RPCs, the loss of efficiency for the detection of particles when subjected to high particle fluxes, and the limitations associated with the common RPC gases can be listed. In order to address the latter issue, we developed novel RPC designs with special anode plates coated with high secondary electron emission yield materials such as Al$_2$O$_3$ and TiO$_2$. The proof of principle was obtained for various designs and is in progress for the rest. The idea was initiated following the achievements on the development of the novel 1-glass RPCs. Here we report on the construction of various different RPC designs, and their performance measurements in laboratory tests and with particle beams; and discuss the future test plans.
Nontrivial solutions of systems of nonlocal Caputo fractional BVPs
Creators: name: Infante, Gennaro
name: Rihani, Samira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 34A08, secondary 34B10, 45G15, 47H30

description: We discuss the existence, non-existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for systems of Caputo fractional differential equations subject to nonlocal boundary conditions. Our methodology relies on classical fixed point index and we make use of recent results by Infante and Pietramala.
description: 9 pages
Routing a quantum state in a bio-inspired network
Creators: name: Faraji, Elham
name: Nourmandipour, Alireza
name: Mancini, Stefano
name: Pettini, Marco
name: Franzosi, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a spin network resembling an $α$-helix structure and study quantum information transfer over this bio-inspired network. The model we use is the Davydov model in its elementary version without a phononic environment. We investigate analytically and numerically the perfect state transfer (PST) in such a network which provides an upper bound on the probability of quantum states transfer from one node to another. We study PST for different boundary conditions on the network and show it is reachable between certain nodes and with suitable spin-spin couplings.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Self-induced topological transitions and edge states supported by nonlinear staggered potentials
Creators: name: Hadad, Yakir
name: Khanikaev, Alexander B.
name: Alu, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The canonical Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model is one of the basic geometries that have spurred significant interest in topologically nontrivial bandgap modes with robust properties. Here, we show that the inclusion of suitable third-order Kerr nonlinearities in SSH arrays opens rich new physics in topological insulators, including the possibility of supporting self-induced topological transitions based on the applied intensity. We highlight the emergence of a new class of topological solutions in nonlinear SSH arrays, localized at the array edges. As opposed to their linear counterparts, these nonlinear states decay to a plateau with non-zero amplitude inside the array, highlighting the local nature of topologically nontrivial bandgaps in nonlinear systems. We derive the conditions under which these unusual responses can be achieved, and their dynamics as a function of applied intensity. Our work paves the way to new directions in the physics of topologically non-trivial edge states with robust propagation properties based on nonlinear interactions in suitably designed periodic arrays.
Effect of hydrogen addition on the consumption speed of lean premixed laminar methane flames exposed to combined strain and heat loss
Creators: name: Garcia, Alex M.
name: Bras, Sophie Le
name: Polifke, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study presents a numerical analysis of the impact of hydrogen addition on the consumption speed of premixed lean methane-air laminar flames exposed to combined strain and heat loss. Equivalence ratios of 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5 with fuel mixture composition ranging from pure methane to pure hydrogen are considered to cover a wide range of conditions in the lean region. The 1-D asymmetric counter-flow premixed laminar flame aCFPF with heat loss on the product side is considered as a flamelet configuration that represents an elementary unit of a turbulent flame and the consumption speed is used to characterize the effect of strain and heat loss. Due to the ambiguity in the definition of the consumption speed of multi-component mixtures, two definitions are compared. The definition of the consumption speed based on the heat release results in lower values of the stretched flame speed and even an opposite response to strain rate for some methane-hydrogen-air mixtures compared to the definition based on the fuel consumption. Strain rate leads to an increase in the flame speed for the lean methane-hydrogen mixtures, reaching a maximum value after which the flame speed decreases with strain rate. Heat loss decreases the stretched flame speed and leads to a sooner extinction of the flamelet due to combined strain and heat loss. Hydrogen addition and equivalence ratio significantly impact the maximum consumption speed and the flame response to combined strain rate and heat loss. The effect of hydrogen on the thermo-diffusive properties of the mixture, characterized by the Zel'dovich number and the effective Lewis number, are also analyzed and related to the effect on the consumption speed. Two definitions of the Lewis number of the multi-component fuel mixture are evaluated against the results from the aCFPF.
description: Submitted to journal Combustion Theory and Modelling - Manuscript ID TCTM-2022-06-61
Muon-spin relaxation investigation of magnetic bistability in a crystalline organic radical compound
Creators: name: Hernandez-Melian, Alberto
name: Huddart, Benjamin M.
name: Pratt, Francis L.
name: Blundell, Stephen J.
name: Mills, Michelle B.
name: Young, Harrison K. S.
name: Preuss, Kathryn E.
name: Lancaster, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a muon-spin relaxation ($μ^{+}$SR) investigation of the crystalline organic radical compound 4-(2-benzimidazolyl)-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl (HbimDTDA), in which we demonstrate the hysteretic magnetic switching of the system that takes place at $T = 274 \pm 11\,\mathrm{K}$ caused by a structural phase transition. Muon-site analysis using electronic structure calculations suggests a range of candidate muon stopping sites. The sites are numerous and similar in energy but, significantly, differ between the two structural phases of the material. Despite the difference in the sites, the muon remains a faithful probe of the transition, revealing a dynamically-fluctuating magnetically disordered state in the low-temperature structural phase. In contrast, in the high temperature phase the relaxation is caused by static nuclear moments, with rapid electronic dynamics being motionally narrowed from the muon spectra.
Proton radiography to improve proton radiotherapy: Simulation study at different proton beam energies
Creators: name: Biegun, A. K.
name: Takatsu, Jun
name: van Goethem, M-J.
name: van der Graaf, E. R.
name: van Beuzekom, M.
name: Visser, J.
name: Brandenburg, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To improve the quality of cancer treatment with protons, a translation of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) images into a map of the proton stopping powers needs to be more accurate. Proton stopping powers determined from CT images have systematic uncertainties in the calculated proton range in a patient of typically 3-4\% and even up to 10\% in region containing bone~\cite{USchneider1995,USchneider1996,WSchneider2000,GCirrone2007,HPaganetti2012,TPlautz2014,GLandry2013,JSchuemann2014}. As a consequence, part of a tumor may receive no dose, or a very high dose can be delivered in healthy ti\-ssues and organs at risks~(e.g. brain stem)~\cite{ACKnopf2013}. A transmission radiograph of high-energy protons measuring proton stopping powers directly will allow to reduce these uncertainties, and thus improve the quality of treatment. The best way to obtain a sufficiently accurate radiograph is by tracking individual protons traversing the phantom (patient)~\cite{GCirrone2007,TPlautz2014,VSipala2013}. In our simulations we have used an ideal position sensitive detectors measuring a single proton before and after a phantom, while the residual energy of a proton was detected by a BaF$_{2}$ crystal. To obtain transmission radiographs, diffe\-rent phantom materials have been irradiated with a 3x3~cm$^{2}$ scattered proton beam, with various beam energies. The simulations were done using the Geant4 simulation package~\cite{SAgostinelli2003}. In this study we focus on the simulations of the energy loss radiographs for various proton beam energies that are clinically available in proton radiotherapy.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, Presented at Jagiellonian Symposium on Fundamental and Applied Subatomic Physics, 7-12 June, 2015, Krak\'ow, Poland
On the Generalizability of ECG-based Stress Detection Models
Creators: name: Prajod, Pooja
name: André, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stress is prevalent in many aspects of everyday life including work, healthcare, and social interactions. Many works have studied handcrafted features from various bio-signals that are indicators of stress. Recently, deep learning models have also been proposed to detect stress. Typically, stress models are trained and validated on the same dataset, often involving one stressful scenario. However, it is not practical to collect stress data for every scenario. So, it is crucial to study the generalizability of these models and determine to what extent they can be used in other scenarios. In this paper, we explore the generalization capabilities of Electrocardiogram (ECG)-based deep learning models and models based on handcrafted ECG features, i.e., Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features. To this end, we train three HRV models and two deep learning models that use ECG signals as input. We use ECG signals from two popular stress datasets - WESAD and SWELL-KW - differing in terms of stressors and recording devices. First, we evaluate the models using leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation using training and validation samples from the same dataset. Next, we perform a cross-dataset validation of the models, that is, LOSO models trained on the WESAD dataset are validated using SWELL-KW samples and vice versa. While deep learning models achieve the best results on the same dataset, models based on HRV features considerably outperform them on data from a different dataset. This trend is observed for all the models on both datasets. Therefore, HRV models are a better choice for stress recognition in applications that are different from the dataset scenario. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to compare the cross-dataset generalizability between ECG-based deep learning models and HRV models.
description: Published in Proceedings of 2022 21st IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)
Spin gravitational resonance and graviton detection
Creators: name: Quach, James Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a gravitational analogue of spin magnetic resonance, called spin gravitational resonance, whereby a gravitational wave interacts with a magnetic field to produce a spin transition. In particular, an external magnetic field separates the energy spin states of a spin-1/2 particle, and the presence of the gravitational wave produces a perturbation in the components of the magnetic field orthogonal to the gravitational wave propagation. In this framework we test Dyson's conjecture that individual gravitons cannot be detected. Although we find no fundamental laws preventing single gravitons being detected with spin gravitational resonance, we show that it cannot be used in practice, in support of Dyson's conjecture.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Nonlinear acousto-magneto-plasmonics
Creators: name: Temnov, Vasily V.
name: Razdolski, Ilya
name: Pezeril, Thomas
name: Makarov, Denys
name: Seletskiy, Denis
name: Melnikov, Alexey
name: Nelson, Keith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the recent progress in experimental and theoretical research of interactions between the acoustic, magnetic and plasmonic transients in hybrid metal-ferromagnet multilayer structures excited by ultrashort laser pulses. The main focus is on understanding the nonlinear aspects of the acoustic dynamics in materials as well as the peculiarities in the nonlinear optical and magneto-optical response. For example, the nonlinear optical detection is illustrated in details by probing the static magneto-optical second harmonic generation in gold-cobalt-silver trilayer structures in Kretschmann geometry. Furthermore, we show experimentally how the nonlinear reshaping of giant ultrashort acoustic pulses propagating in gold can be quantified by time-resolved plasmonic interferometry and how these ultrashort optical pulses dynamically modulate the optical nonlinearities. The effective medium approximation for the optical properties of hybrid multilayers facilitates the understanding of novel optical detection techniques. In the discussion we highlight recent works on the nonlinear magneto-elastic interactions, and strain-induced effects in semiconductor quantum dots.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures, to be published as a Topical Review in the Journal of Optics
Dynamics of the Geometric Phase in Inhomogeneous Quantum Spin Chains
Creators: name: Cao, Kaiyuan
name: Yang, Shuxiang
name: Hu, Yayun
name: Yang, Guangwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of the geometric phase are studied in inhomogeneous quantum spin chains after a quench. Analytic expressions of the Pancharatnam geometric phase (PGP) $\mathcal{G}(t)$ are derived, for both the period-two quantum Ising chain (QIC) and the disordered QIC. In the period-two QIC, due to the periodic modulation, the PGP changes with time at the boundary of the Brillouin zone, and consequently, the winding number $ν_{D}(t)=\int_{0}^π[\partialϕ_{k}^{G}(t)/\partial k]dk/2π$ based on the PGP is not quantized and thus not topological anymore. Nevertheless, the PGP and its winding number show non-analytic singularities at the critical times of the dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs). This relation between the PGP and the DQPT is further confirmed in the disordered QIC, where the winding number is not defined. It is found that the critical time of DQPT inherited from the homogeneous system and the additional one induced by the weak disorder are also accompanied by the non-analytic singularity of the PGP, by decomposing the PGP into each quasiparticle mode. The connection between the non-analytic behavior of the PGP at the critical time and the DQPT, regardless of whether the winding number is topological, can be explained by the fact that they both arise when the Loschmidt amplitude vanishes.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Bibliothèques numériques et gamification : panorama et état de l'art
Creators: name: Andro, Mathieu
name: Saleh, Imad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article presents an overview of the main gamification projects for digital libraries, either for tagging or OCR correction. This overview is followed by a state of the art with functionalities, motivations, sociology of contributors and the scope of gamification compared to the serious games and explicit crowdsourcing. Finally a comparison of results between explicit crowdsourcing and gamification is proposed. [English Title: Digital libraries and gamification: overview and state of the art]
description: in French. http://www.adbs.fr/i2d-n-4-decembre-2015-dossier-les-services-d-information-au-prisme-de-la-valeur-153432.htm
On the structure of graded Leibniz triple systems
Creators: name: Cao, Yan
name: Chen, Liangyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the structure of a Leibniz triple system $\mathcal{E}$ graded by an arbitrary abelian group $G$ which is considered of arbitrary dimension and over an arbitrary base field $\mathbb{K}$. We show that $\mathcal{E}$ is of the form $\mathcal{E}=U+\sum_{[j]\in \sum^{1}/\sim} I_{[j]}$ with $U$ a linear subspace of the 1-homogeneous component $\mathcal{E}_{1}$ and any ideal $I_{[j]}$ of $\mathcal{E}$, satisfying $\{I_{[j]},\mathcal{E},I_{[k]}\} =\{I_{[j]},I_{[k]},\mathcal{E}\}=\{\mathcal{E},I_{[j]},I_{[k]}\}=0$ if $[j]\neq [k]$, where the relation $\sim$ in $\sum^{1}=\{g \in G \setminus \{1\} : L_{g}\neq 0\}$, defined by $g \sim h$ if and only if $g$ is connected to $h$.
description: 14pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.6693
Characterizing Engagement Dynamics across Topics on Facebook
Creators: name: Etta, Gabriele
name: Sangiorgio, Emanuele
name: Di Marco, Niccolò
name: Avalle, Michele
name: Scala, Antonio
name: Cinelli, Matteo
name: Quattrociocchi, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social media platforms heavily changed how users consume and digest information and, thus, how the popularity of topics evolves. In this paper, we explore the interplay between the virality of controversial topics and how they may trigger heated discussions and eventually increase users' polarization. We perform a quantitative analysis on Facebook by collecting $\sim57M$ posts from $\sim2M$ pages and groups between 2018 and 2022, focusing on engaging topics involving scandals, tragedies, and social and political issues. Using logistic functions, we quantitatively assess the evolution of these topics finding similar patterns in their engagement dynamics. Finally, we show that initial burstiness may predict the rise of users' future adverse reactions regardless of the discussed topic.
F1 rotary motor of ATP synthase is driven by the torsionally-asymmetric drive shaft
Creators: name: Kulish, O.
name: Wright, A. D.
name: Terentjev, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: F1F0 ATP synthase (ATPase) either facilitates the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondrial membranes and bacterial inner membranes in a process driven by the proton moving force (pmf), or uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to pump protons against the concentration gradient across the membrane. ATPase is composed of two rotary motors, F0 and F1, which generate the opposing rotation and compete for control of their shared central gamma-shaft. Here we present a self-consistent physical model of the F1 motor as a simplified two-state Brownian ratchet based on the asymmetry of torsional elastic energy of the coiled-coil gamma-shaft. This stochastic model unifies the physical description of linear and rotary motors and explains the stepped unidirectional rotation of the $γ$-shaft, in agreement with the `binding-change' ideas of Boyer. Substituting the model parameters, all independently known from recent experiments, our model quantitatively reproduces the ATPase operation, e.g. the `no-load' angular velocity is ca. 400~rad/s anticlockwise at 4 mM ATP, in close agreement with experiment. Increasing the pmf torque exerted by F0 can slow, stop and overcome the torque generated by F1, switching from ATP hydrolysis to synthesis at a very low value of `stall torque'. We discuss the matters of the motor efficiency, which is very low if calculated from the useful mechanical work it produces - but is quite high when the `useful outcome' is measured in the number of H+ pushed against the chemical gradient in the F1 ATP-driven operation.
Periods, Power Series, and Integrated Algebraic Numbers
Creators: name: Kaiser, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C64, 11J81, 13J05, 13J30, 14P10, 32B20, 51M25

description: Periods are defined as integrals of semialgebraic functions defined over the rationals. Periods form a countable ring not much is known about. Examples are given by taking the antiderivative of a power series which is algebraic over the polynomial ring over the rationals and evaluate it at a rational number. We follow this path and close these algebraic power series under taking iterated antiderivatives and nearby algebraic and geometric operations. We obtain a system of rings of power series whose coefficients form a countable real closed field. Using techniques from o-minimality we are able to show that every period belongs to this field. In the setting of o-minimality we define exponential integrated algebraic numbers and show that the Euler constant is an exponential integrated algebraic number. Hence they are a good candiate for a natural number system extending the period ring and containing important mathematical constants.
description: Final version
Unfolded Seiberg-Witten Floer spectra, I: Definition and invariance
Creators: name: Khandhawit, Tirasan
name: Lin, Jianfeng
name: Sasahira, Hirofumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Y$ be a closed and oriented $3$-manifold. We define different versions of unfolded Seiberg-Witten Floer spectra for $Y$. These invariants generalize Manolescu's Seiberg-Witten Floer spectrum for rational homology $3$-spheres. We also compute some examples when $Y$ is a Seifert space.
description: 72 pages
ATASI-Net: An Efficient Sparse Reconstruction Network for Tomographic SAR Imaging with Adaptive Threshold
Creators: name: Wang, Muhan
name: Zhang, Zhe
name: Qiu, Xiaolan
name: Gao, Silin
name: Wang, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tomographic SAR technique has attracted remarkable interest for its ability of three-dimensional resolving along the elevation direction via a stack of SAR images collected from different cross-track angles. The emerged compressed sensing (CS)-based algorithms have been introduced into TomoSAR considering its super-resolution ability with limited samples. However, the conventional CS-based methods suffer from several drawbacks, including weak noise resistance, high computational complexity, and complex parameter fine-tuning. Aiming at efficient TomoSAR imaging, this paper proposes a novel efficient sparse unfolding network based on the analytic learned iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (ALISTA) architecture with adaptive threshold, named Adaptive Threshold ALISTA-based Sparse Imaging Network (ATASI-Net). The weight matrix in each layer of ATASI-Net is pre-computed as the solution of an off-line optimization problem, leaving only two scalar parameters to be learned from data, which significantly simplifies the training stage. In addition, adaptive threshold is introduced for each azimuth-range pixel, enabling the threshold shrinkage to be not only layer-varied but also element-wise. Moreover, the final learned thresholds can be visualized and combined with the SAR image semantics for mutual feedback. Finally, extensive experiments on simulated and real data are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Abundance of HOCO+ and CO2 in the outer layers of the L1544 prestellar core
Creators: name: Vastel, Charlotte
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Lefloch, Bertrand
name: Bachiller, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The L1544 prestellar core has been observed as part of the ASAI IRAM Large Program at 3 mm. These observations led to the detection of many complex molecules. In this Letter, we report the detection of two lines, at 85.5 GHz (4,0,4-3,0,3) and 106.9 GHz (5,0,5-4,0,4), respectively, of the protonated carbon dioxide ion, HOCO+. We also report the tentative detection of the line at 100.4 GHz (5,0,5-4,0,4) of DOCO+. The non-LTE analysis of the detected lines shows that the HOCO+ emission originates in the external layer where non-thermal desorption of other species has previously been observed. Its abundance is (5 +/- 2) e-11. Modelling of the chemistry involved in the formation and destruction of HOCO+ provides a gaseous CO2 abundance of 2e-7 (with respect to H2) with an upper limit of 2e-6.
description: To appear in A&A Letters