Quedius (Raphirus) maculiventris Bernhauer 1934
Creators: name: Smetana, Aleš
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Quedius
Quedius maculiventris

description: Quedius (Raphirus) maculiventris Bernhauer, 1934
(Figs. 27–36)
maculiventris Bernhauer 1934:12 (Quedius; subg. Raphirus); Smetana 1990: 200 (Quedius; subg. Raphirus; lectotype designation). Smetana 1995: 68 (Quedius; subg. Raphirus).
Type locality. People’s Republic of China: Mittel Szechuan: Hwa-Yin-Shan, 1600 m.
Type material. Bernhauer (1934: 12) described the species from an unknown number of specimens from Hwa-Yin-Shan, 1600 m. The original series (two female specimens) was studied by Smetana(1990: 200), who designated the lectotype.
Material studied: China: Chongqing: SE Sichuan, Jinfo Shan, 29°01ʹN 107°14ʹE, 1750 m, 26.VI. 1998, A. Smetana [C 69] / 1998 China Expedition J. Farkač, D. Král, J. Schneider & A. Smetana [11] (ASC); same, but 1800 m, 27.VI. 1998, A. Smetana [C 70], [6] (ASC). Fujian: “Kwantseh Fukien J. Klapperich O / 4.10.1937 " / “Chicago NHMus M. Bernhauer Collection [3] (ASC, FMNH); same + Reitteri Brnh. det. Bernhauer R. Inst. Bonn [2] (ASC, FMNH); “Kwantseh -Fukien J. Klapperich O 4. 10. 1937 " [13] (ASC, NMW]. Guizhou: Leishan Co. SE Kaili, NE Leishan, Leigong Shann, E-slope 26°22.56ʹN 108°13.40E / ca. 300 m S of pass, ca 1700 m, 14./ 16.6.2001, leg. Schillhammer (5) [7] (ASC, NMW). Hubei: W-Hubei (Daba Shan) creek valley 8 km NW Muyuping, 1550–1650 m, 3129ʹN 11022ʹE, leg. M. Schülke [C01-16A], [1] (ASC); W-Hubei (Daba Shan) pass E of Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping, 1950–2050 m, 3130ʹN 11021ʹE, 22.VII. 2001, leg. M. Schülke [C01-13E], [1] (MSC).; W-Hubei, Daba Shan mtn. range NE Muyuping, creek, valley 4 km N Muyuping, 1700 m, 21.7.2001, A. Smetana [C 116], [1] (ASC); W-Hubei, Daba Shan, pass E of Mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping, 1950 m, 31°30ʹN 110°21ʹE A. Smetana [C 117], [1] (ASC); W-Hubei, Daba Shan, creek valley 11 km NW Muyuping, 1960 m, 3130ʹN 11022ʹE, 18.VII. 2001, A. Smetana [C 109], [1] (ASC); W-Hubei, 5 km S Lücongpo, 30.8N 110.25E, 20.V. 2004, Jaroslav Turna leg. [2] (ASC, NMW). Shaanxi: S-Shaanxi (Qinling Shan) pass on rd. Zhouzhi-Foping, 105 km SW Xi’an, N-slope, 1990 m, 33°44ʹN 107°59ʹE, leg. M. Schülke [C01-01], [3] (ASC, MSC); border Shaanxi-Sichuan Daba Shan pass 20 km SSE Zhenping/ 1700–1800 m 31°44ʹN 109°35ʹE, 9./ 12.VII. 2001, Wrase (07) [1] (MSC); same, but leg. M. Schülke [C01-07], [1] (MSC). Sichuan: Qincheng Shan 65 km NW Chengdu, 103.33E 30.53N 18.V. / 3–4.VI. 1997, 8 km W Taiping, 800–1000 m, leg. A. Pütz, [29] (ASC, APC); Sichuan (17) Qincheng Shan NW Chengdu, 650–700 m 30°53ʹ57N 103°32ʹ23ʺE, 3./4.06 1997, M. Schülke [21] (ASC, MSC); (C Sichuan) (2) Qincheng Shan NW Chengdu, 650–700 m, 3054ʹN 103°33ʹE, 18.V. 1997, Wrase [13] (ASC, MSC); Sichuan (2) Qincheng Shan, Rückseite, 650–700 m, 30°53ʹ56ʺN 10333ʹ0 1ʺE, 18. 0 5. 1997, M. Schülke [24] (ASC, MSC); C-Sichuan, Wenjiang Distr., Dujiangyan Co., Qincheng Shan, 56 km NW Chengdu, 975 m, 30°54ʹN 103°33ʹE, 18.VI. 1999, leg. M. Schülke [4] (MSC); same, but D. W. Wrase [4] (ASC, MSC)]; CHINA: Prov. Sichuan Wenjian Distr. Guanxian Co., 56 km NW /”Chengdu Qincheng Shan, 975 m, 30.53.84N 103.32.80E, 18.VI. 1999 leg. A. Pütz [7](APC, ASC); same, but 23.VII. 1999 [2] (APC); Ya’an Prefecture, Ya’an Co., road 108 ca. 20 km S Ya’an, ca 1000 m, 19.VI. 1999, leg. A. Pütz [5] (APC, ASC); Ya’an Pref., Shimian Co., Xiaoxiang Ling, Rd. Shimian-Ganluo, 20 km SE Shimian, 1850 m, 2805ʹN 10229ʹE, 28.VII. 1999, leg. A. Pütz [1] (APC); Emei Shan, X. 1986, or 7.X. 1985, G. de Rougemont [6] (ASC, GRC); Yunnan: Dehong Dai Aut. Pref., mount. range 31 km E Luxi, 2280 m, 24°29ʹ31ʺN 98°52ʹ58ʺE, 3.VI.2007, D.W. Wrase [19], [4] (ASC, MSC); Zhonghe Feng (2500 m) Diancang Shan Mts. Dali Shi, 4-IX-1993, Coll. Y Watanabe [19] (ASC, YWC). Zhejiang: Tienmushan, 2.IX. 1994, G. de Rougemont [5] (ASC, GRC); West Tianmu Shan N.R., path to peak of Immortals (“Blind Alley) 1100–1200 m, 30°20ʹ34ʺN 119°25ʹ51ʺE 15.VI. 2007 D. W. Wrase [36], [3] (ASC, MSC); same, but M. Schülke [3] (ASC, MSC).
Redescription. Piceous-black, pronotum and/or elytra sometimes paler, more or less brunneous; head, pronotum and elytra with slight metallic bronze lustre, abdomen iridescent; both maxillary and labial palpi and antennae testaceous, legs brunneotestaceous with medial faces of hind tibiae and less frequently those of middle tibiae darkened. Head rounded, slightly wider than long (ratio 1.15); eyes very large and convex, tempora very short, considerably shorter than length of eyes seen from above (ratio 0.20); no additional setiferous punctures between anterior frontal punctures; posterior frontal puncture almost touching posteriomedian margin of eye, one puncture between it and posterior margin of head; temporal puncture touching posterior margin of eye; surface of head with fine, dense microsculpture of transverse and oblique waves, becoming usually somewhat irregular on clypeus. Antenna moderately long, segments 2 and 3 subequal in length, segments 4–7 longer than wide, gradually becoming shorter, segments 8–10 about as long as wide to vaguely longer than wide, segment 11 as long as two preceding segments combined. Pronotum about as long as wide, widely rounded basally, distinctly narrowed anteriad, evenly transversely convex; dorsal rows each with three punctures; sublateral rows each with two punctures, posterior puncture situated before level of large lateral puncture; surface of pronotum with microsculpture similar to that on head, but slightly finer and denser. Scutellum with numerous punctures, surface with extremely fine, rudimentary microsculpture. Elytra moderately long, at suture about as long as, at sides longer (ratio 1.18) than pronotum at midline; punctation fine and dense; transverse interspaces between punctures about as large as, to somewhat smaller than diameters of punctures; pubescence dense, brownish to dark brownish; surface between punctures without microsculpture. Wings fully developed. Abdomen with tergite 7 (fifth visible) with whitish apical seam of palisade setae; tergite 2 (in front of first fully visible tergite) with a few scattered fine punctures; punctation of tergites slightly finer than that on elytra, dense on bases of tergites, but becoming sparser toward apical margin of tergites, and in general toward apex of abdomen; pubescence brownish to brownish-piceous, each tergite with distinct patch of denser yellowish hairs on either lateral portion; surface between punctures with extremely fine microsculpture of transverse striae.
M a l e. First four segments of front tarsus moderately dilated, subbilobed, each with tenent setae ventrally, segment 2 about as wide as apex of tibia; segment 4 narrower than preceding segments. Sternite 8 with three or four (Fig.27) long setae on each side, apical margin with wide, deep, obtusely triangular medioapical emargination, narrow triangular area before emargination flattened and smooth (Fig. 27). Genital segment with tergite 10 evenly narrowed toward narrowly arcuate apex, with five or six long setae at apical margin, otherwise sparingly setose (Fig. 28); sternite 9 narrow, basal portion short, apical portion evenly narrowed toward narrowly arcuate apex, with differentiated apical setae (Fig. 29), or with differentiated apical and subapical setae (Fig. 30). Aedoeagus (Figs. 31– 35) very narrow, elongate; apical portion of median lobe rather narrow, with subacute apex, on face adjacent to paramere, when paramere removed, with short median carina (Fig. 32), forming a fine hook in lateral view (Fig. 33); paramere very narrow, elongate, more or less parallelsided to narrowly fusiform (Fig. 31), with narrowly arcuate apex not quite or reaching apex of median lobe; four fine setae at apical margin, medial setae longer than lateral ones, two similar setae at each lateral margin below apex; sensory peg setae on underside of paramere numerous, forming two irregular long rows, situated as in Figs. 34, 35).
F e m a l e. First four segments of front tarsus simple, not dilated. Tergite 10 of genital segment narrow, with numerous long setae at apical margin, otherwise sparingly setose (Fig. 36).
Length 4.8–5,4 mm.
Geographical distribution. Quedius maculiventris is widely distributed in mainland China. It is known at present from the following provinces: Chongqing, Fujian, Guizhou, Hebei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
Bionomics. Quedius maculiventris occcurs in a variey of habitats at lower mountain elevations well below 3000 m (the highest habitat is in Diancang Shan in Yunnan at 2500 m). Specimens were collected in mixed deciduous forests by sifting dead wood, mushrooms, moss and various debris, including leaf litter, debris along edges of creeks, etc.
Recognition and comments. Since the original series of Q. maculiventris does not contain any males (see Smetana 1990: 200), the concept of the species had to be arbitrarily established by assigning males with certain type of the aedoeagus to the females of the original series. The concept presented here came as the only logical one and it is hoped that it reflexes as much as possible the reality.
Quedius maculiventris shows variability in the shape of the aedoeagus, particularly in that of the paramere which varies from being quite narrow and parallelsided to variably narrowly fusiform; the number and location of the sensory peg setae on the underside of paramere also varies to some extent (Figs. 34, 35). The color of the pubescence of the elytra and to a less extent that of the abdomen varies (see the description), but it never can be mistaken for the yellowish pubescence of some species (e.g., Q. meilixue sp. nov.). It is possible, after more numerous material from additional provinces becomes available, that the present concept of the species includes more than one taxon.
The specimens from Fujian collected by Klapperich were subsequently misidentified by Bernhauer as Reitteri (see material studied) which helped to create a confusion in assignment of Q. bernhauerianus Korge, 1971 (reitteri Bernhauer, 1933, nec reitteri Gridelli, 1925) to the proper subgenus of Quedius. The matter was resolved in one of my recent papers (Smetana 2010).
When I redescribed Q. maculiventris in the past (Smetana 1990: 200; 1995: 68), I compared it to the Himalayan species Quedius aureiventris Bernhauer, 1915. This was perhaps acceptable at that time, when very little was known about the Chinese Raphirus species, but it is not to be sustained any more. The relationship of Q. maculiventris is in a different lineage of the muscicola -group; the same applies to the next species.
I recorded Q. maculiventris from Taiwan and redescribed it based on Taiwanese specimens (Smetana 1995: 68). However, I pointed out “that there is no absolute proof that the specimens from Sichuan and from Taiwan are identical, since the males of the Sichuan population are not known. I also pointed out that the Taiwanese specimens differ slightly, but I preferred to consider these two populations as conspecific, at least until more material from Sichuan, including males, becomes available for study. The latter condition was now fulfilled, allowing the conclusion that the Taiwanese populations represent a separate species, different from Q. maculiventris, as it is interpreted here. The Taiwanese specimens are introduced in the Appendix under the name of Q. pseudonymos sp. nov.
The type locality “Hwa-Ying-Shan is correctly spelled Huaying Shan; it is a mountain near the city of Huaying in eastern Sichuan, not far from Chongqing Shi border.
description: Published as part of Smetana, Aleš, 2012, Contributions to the knowledge of the Quediina (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinini) of China. Part 42. Genus Quedius Stephens, 1829. Subgenus Raphirus Stephens, 1829. Section 10, pp. 43-68 in Zootaxa 3156 on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3156.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/210515