cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent Monte Carlo continuum radiative transfer
Creators: name: Bensberg, A.
name: Wolf, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We present an implementation of an algorithm for 3D time-dependent Monte Carlo radiative transfer. It allows one to simulate temperature distributions as well as images and spectral energy distributions of the scattered light and thermal reemission radiation for variable illuminating and heating sources embedded in dust distributions, such as circumstellar disks and dust shells on time scales up to weeks. Methods. We extended the publicly available 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code POLARIS with efficient methods for the simulation of temperature distributions, scattering, and thermal reemission of dust distributions illuminated by temporally variable radiation sources. The influence of the chosen temporal step width and the number of photon packages per time step as key parameters for a given configuration is shown by simulating the temperature distribution in a spherical envelope around an embedded central star. The effect of the optical depth on the temperature simulation is discussed for the spherical envelope as well as for a model of a circumstellar disk with an embedded star. Finally, we present simulations of an outburst of a star surrounded by a circumstellar disk. Results. The presented algorithm for time-dependent 3D continuum Monte Carlo radiative transfer is a valuable basis for preparatory studies as well as for the analysis of continuum observations of the dusty environment around variable sources, such as accreting young stellar objects. In particular, the combined study of light echos in the optical and near-infrared wavelength range and the corresponding time-dependent thermal reemission observables of variable, for example outbursting sources, becomes possible on all involved spatial scales.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 15 pages, 18 figures
Superconductivity and fermionic dissipation in quantum Hall edges
Creators: name: Schiller, Noam
name: Katzir, Barak A.
name: Stern, Ady
name: Berg, Erez
name: Lindner, Netanel H.
name: Oreg, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proximity-induced superconductivity in fractional quantum Hall edges is a prerequisite to proposed realizations of parafermion zero-modes. A recent experimental work [Gül et al., Phys. Rev. X 12, 021057 (2022)] provided evidence for such coupling, in the form of a crossed Andreev reflection signal, in which electrons enter a superconductor from one chiral mode and are reflected as holes to another, counter-propagating chiral mode. Remarkably, while the probability for crossed Andreev reflection was small, it was stronger for $ν=1/3$ fractional quantum Hall edges than for integer ones. We theoretically explain these findings, including the relative strengths of the signals in the two cases and their qualitatively different temperature dependencies. An essential part of our model is the coupling of the edge modes to normal states in the cores of Abrikosov vortices induced by the magnetic field, which provide a fermionic bath. We find that the stronger crossed Andreev reflection in the fractional case originates from the suppression of electronic tunneling between the fermionic bath and the fractional quantum Hall edges. Our theory shows that the mere observation of crossed Andreev reflection signal does not necessarily imply the presence of localized parafermion zero-modes, and suggests ways to identify their presence from the behavior of this signal in the low temperature regime.
description: 5+11 pages, 4+1 figures. Short (12:22) video explanation of model and main results at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0rS7TyUUMI
Adapting Predictive Feedback Chaos Control for Optimal Convergence Speed
Creators: name: Bick, Christian
name: Timme, Marc
name: Kolodziejski, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Stabilizing unstable periodic orbits in a chaotic invariant set not only reveals information about its structure but also leads to various interesting applications. For the successful application of a chaos control scheme, convergence speed is of crucial importance. Here we present a predictive feedback chaos control method that adapts a control parameter online to yield optimal asymptotic convergence speed. We study the adaptive control map both analytically and numerically and prove that it converges at least linearly to a value determined by the spectral radius of the control map at the periodic orbit to be stabilized. The method is easy to implement algorithmically and may find applications for adaptive online control of biological and engineering systems.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
title: "Statua di Ercole in riposo", arte romana, inv. CCLXXXVIII (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ciccarello, Giulia
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
A universal stellar-mass and size relation of galaxies in GOODS-N region
Creators: name: Ichikawa, Takashi
name: Kajisawa, Masaru
name: Akhlaghi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present scaling relations between stellar-mass (Mstar) and the size of galaxies at 0.3 < z < 3 for half- (R_50) and 90 percent-light (R_90) radii, using a deep K-band selected catalogue taken with the Subaru Telescope and MOIRCS in the GOODS-North region. The logarithmic slope R \propto Mstar^{0.1-0.2} is independent of redshift in a wide mass range of Mstar ~ 10^8-10^11 Msun, irrespective of galaxy populations (star-forming, quiescent). The offset change is < 50 percent. Provided that optical light in the rest frame traces the stellar mass of galaxies, the universal relation demonstrates that the stellar mass was built up in galaxies over their cosmic histories in a similar manner on average irrelevant to galaxy mass. The small offset in each stellar mass bin from the universal relation shows weak size evolution at a given mass. There is a moderate increase of 30-50 percent for R_50 and R_90 for less massive galaxies (Mstar < 10^10 Msun) from z~3 to z~1, while the sizes remains unchanged or slightly decrease towards z~0.3. For massive galaxies (Mstar > 10^11 Msun), the evolution is ~70-80 % increase in R_90 from z~3 to z~0.3, though that in R_50 is weaker. The evolution of compactness factor, R_50/R_90, which becomes smaller at lower redshift, is suggestive of minor merging effect in the outer envelope of massive galaxies.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
How to Exploit Hyperspherical Embeddings for Out-of-Distribution Detection?
Creators: name: Ming, Yifei
name: Sun, Yiyou
name: Dia, Ousmane
name: Li, Yixuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for reliable machine learning. Recent advances in representation learning give rise to distance-based OOD detection, where testing samples are detected as OOD if they are relatively far away from the centroids or prototypes of in-distribution (ID) classes. However, prior methods directly take off-the-shelf contrastive losses that suffice for classifying ID samples, but are not optimally designed when test inputs contain OOD samples. In this work, we propose CIDER, a novel representation learning framework that exploits hyperspherical embeddings for OOD detection. CIDER jointly optimizes two losses to promote strong ID-OOD separability: a dispersion loss that promotes large angular distances among different class prototypes, and a compactness loss that encourages samples to be close to their class prototypes. We analyze and establish the unexplored relationship between OOD detection performance and the embedding properties in the hyperspherical space, and demonstrate the importance of dispersion and compactness. CIDER establishes superior performance, outperforming the latest rival by 19.36% in FPR95. Code is available at https://github.com/deeplearning-wisc/cider.
description: Published at ICLR 2023
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Feynman formulae for some Feller semigroups and their perturbations
Creators: name: Butko, Yana A.
name: Schilling, René L.
name: Smolyanov, Oleg G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Feynman formula is a representation of a solution of an initial (or initial-boundary) value problem for an evolution equation (or, equivalently, a representation of the semigroup resolving the problem) by a limit of $n$-fold iterated integrals of some elementary functions as $n\to\infty$. In this note we obtain some Feynman formulae for a class of semigroups associated with Feller processes. Finite dimensional integrals in the Feynman formulae give approximations for functional integrals in some Feynman--Kac formulae corresponding to the underlying processes. Hence, these Feynman formulae give an effective tool to calculate functional integrals with respect to probability measures generated by these Feller processes and, in particular, to obtain simulations of Feller processes.
The Orbits and Dynamical Masses of the Castor System
Creators: name: Torres, Guillermo
name: Schaefer, Gail H.
name: Monnier, John D.
name: Anugu, Narsireddy
name: Davies, Claire L.
name: Ennis, Jacob
name: Farrington, Christopher D.
name: Gardner, Tyler
name: Klement, Robert
name: Kraus, Stefan
name: Labdon, Aaron
name: Lanthermann, Cyprien
name: Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le
name: Setterholm, Benjamin R.
name: Brummelaar, Theo ten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Castor is a system of six stars in which the two brighter objects, Castor A and B, revolve around each other every $\sim$450 yr and are both short-period spectroscopic binaries. They are attended by the more distant Castor C, which is also a binary. Here we report interferometric observations with the CHARA array that spatially resolve the companions in Castor A and B for the first time. We complement these observations with new radial velocity measurements of A and B spanning 30 yr, with the Hipparcos intermediate data, and with existing astrometric observations of the visual AB pair obtained over the past three centuries. We perform a joint orbital solution to solve simultaneously for the three-dimensional orbits of Castor A and B as well as the AB orbit. We find that they are far from being coplanar: the orbit of A is nearly at right angles (92 degrees) relative to the wide orbit, and that of B is inclined about 59 degrees compared to AB. We determine the dynamical masses of the four stars in Castor A and B to a precision better than 1%. We also determine the radii of the primary stars of both subsystems from their angular diameters measured with CHARA, and use them together with stellar evolution models to infer an age for the system of 290 Myr. The new knowledge of the orbits enables us to measure the slow motion of Castor C as well, which may assist future studies of the dynamical evolution of this remarkable sextuple system.
description: 17 pages in emulateapj format, including figures and tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Polarization and orbital magnetization in Chern insulators: A microscopic perspective
Creators: name: Mahon, Perry T.
name: Kattan, Jason G.
name: Sipe, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive macroscopic expressions for the polarization and orbital magnetization of a Chern insulator in its zero-temperature ground state using a previously developed formalism for treating microscopic polarization and magnetization fields in extended media. In the limit of a topologically trivial insulator, our results reduce to those of the "modern theories of polarization and magnetization." In a Chern insulator, however, we find a generically nonvanishing microscopic free current density, the macroscopic average of which vanishes. Moreover, the expression that we obtain for the polarization is qualitatively similar to that of the "modern theory," while the expressions for the orbital magnetization fundamentally differ; the manner in which they differ elucidates the distinct philosophies of these theoretical frameworks.
description: 13 pages
Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program. Fish monitoring brief : main Hawaiian Islands, 2013.
Creators: name: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Reef fishes--Monitoring--Hawaii.

description: The purpose of this document is to outline the most recent survey efforts conducted by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center as part of the long-term monitoring program known as the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP). More detailed survey results will be available in a forthcoming annual status report.
Superconductor Vortex Spectrum Including Fermi Arc States in Time-Reversal Symmetric Weyl Semimetals
Creators: name: Giwa, Rauf
name: Hosur, Pavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using semiclassics to surmount the hurdle of bulk-surface inseparability, we derive the superconductor vortex spectrum in non-magnetic Weyl semimetals and show that it stems from the Berry phase of orbits made of Fermi arcs on opposite surfaces and bulk chiral modes. Tilting the vortex transmutes it between bosonic, fermionic and supersymmetric, produces periodic peaks in the density of states that signify novel nonlocal Majorana modes, and yields a thickness-independent spectrum at ``magic angles''. We propose (Nb,Ta)P as candidate materials and tunneling spectroscopy as the ideal experiment.
description: Materials prediction added. Version accepted in Physical Review Letters
Kodaira type vanishing theorem for the Hirokado variety
Creators: name: Takayama, Yukihide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F17, 14J32, 14G17, 14M15

description: The Hirokado variety is a Calabi-Yau threefold in characteristic 3 that is not liftable either to characteristic~0 or the ring $W_2$ of the second Witt vectors. Although Deligne-Illusie-Raynaud type Kodaira vanishing cannot be applied, we show that $H^1(X, L^{-1})=0$, for an ample line bundle such that $L^3$ has a non-trivial global section, holds for this variety.
description: 6 pages
Direct tests of General Relativity under screening effect with galaxy-scale strong lensing systems
Creators: name: Lian, Yujie
name: Cao, Shuo
name: Liu, Tonghua
name: Biesiada, Marek
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing (SGL) systems have enabled unique tests of nonlinear departures from general relativity (GR) on the galactic and supergalactic scales. One of the most important cases of such tests is constraints on the gravitational slip between two scalar gravitational potentials. In this paper, we use a newly compiled sample of strong gravitational lenses to test the validity of GR, focusing on the screening effects on the apparent positions of lensed sources relative to the GR predictions. This is the first simultaneous measurement of the Post-Newtonian (PN) parameter ($γ_{PN}$) and the screening radius ($Λ$) without any assumptions about the contents of the Universe. Our results suggest that the measured PPN is marginally consistent with GR ($γ_{PN}=1$) with increasing screening radius ($Λ= 10-300 $kpc), although the choice of lens models may have a significant influence on the final measurements. Based on a well-defined sample of 5000 simulated strong lenses from the forthcoming LSST, our methodology will provide a strong extragalactic test of GR with an accuracy of 0.5\%, assessed up to scales of $Λ\sim 300$ kpc. For the current and future observations of available SGL systems, there is no noticeable evidence indicating some specific cutoff scales on kpc-Mpc scales, beyond which new gravitational degrees of freedom are expressed.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
A new method of reconstructing Galactic three-dimensional structures using ultralong-wavelength radio observations
Creators: name: Cong, Yanping
name: Yue, Bin
name: Xu, Yidong
name: Shi, Yuan
name: Chen, Xuelei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The free-free absorption of low frequency radio waves by thermal electrons in the warm ionized medium of our Galaxy becomes very significant at $\lesssim 10$ MHz (ultralong-wavelength), and the absorption strength depends on the radio frequency. Upcoming space experiments such as the Discovering Sky at the Longest wavelength (DSL) and Farside Array for Radio Science Investigations of the Dark ages and Exoplanets (FARSIDE) will produce high-resolution multi-frequency sky maps at the ultralong-wavelength, providing a new window to observe the Universe. In this paper we propose that from these ultralong-wavelength multi-frequency maps, the three-dimensional distribution of the Galactic electrons can be reconstructed. This novel and robust reconstruction of the Galactic electron distribution will be a key science case of those space missions. Ultralong-wavelength observations will be a powerful tool for studying the astrophysics relevant to the Galactic electron distribution, for example, the impacts of supernova explosions on electron distribution, and the interaction between interstellar atoms and ionizing photons escaped from the HII regions around massive stars. An animation shows the reconstructed results using {\tt NE2001} model as input test. On ArXiv, it is given in the directory: Ancillary files. In the paper the animation is linked to Fig. 5.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures (including one animation, on ArXiv see the ancillary files), Accepted for publication in ApJ
Distances and Riemannian metrics for multivariate spectral densities
Creators: name: Jiang, Xianhua
name: Ning, Lipeng
name: Georgiou, Tryphon T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93E11

description: We first introduce a class of divergence measures between power spectral density matrices. These are derived by comparing the suitability of different models in the context of optimal prediction. Distances between "infinitesimally close" power spectra are quadratic, and hence, they induce a differential-geometric structure. We study the corresponding Riemannian metrics and, for a particular case, provide explicit formulae for the corresponding geodesics and geodesic distances. The close connection between the geometry of power spectra and the geometry of the Fisher-Rao metric is noted.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
title: "Ritratto di donna con pettinatura tipo Plautilla, su busto moderno", arte romana, inv. CCVI (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Clementi, Jessica
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
Fabry-Perot Bound States in the Continuum in an Anisotropic Photonic Crystal
Creators: name: Nabol, Stepan V.
name: Pankin, Pavel S.
name: Maksimov, Dmitrii N.
name: Timofeev, Ivan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An anisotropic photonic crystal containing two anisotropic defect layers is considered. It is demonstrated that the system under can support a Fabry-Perot bound state in the continuum (FP-BIC). A fully analytic solution of the scattering problem as well as a condition for FP-BIC have been derived in the framework of the temporal coupled-mode theory.
RKKY interaction at helical edges of topological superconductors
Creators: name: Laubscher, Katharina
name: Miserev, Dmitry
name: Kaladzhyan, Vardan
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin configurations of classical magnetic impurities placed close to the edge of a two-dimensional topological superconductor both analytically and numerically. First, we demonstrate that the spin of a single magnetic impurity close to the edge of a topological superconductor tends to align along the edge. The strong easy-axis spin anisotropy behind this effect originates from the interaction between the impurity and the gapless helical Majorana edge states. We then compute the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction between two magnetic impurities placed close to the edge. We show that, in the limit of large interimpurity distances, the RKKY interaction between the two impurities is mainly mediated by the Majorana edge states and leads to a ferromagnetic alignment of both spins along the edge. This effect could be used to detect helical Majorana edge states.
Detecting and characterizing frequency fluctuations of vibrational modes
Creators: name: Maizelis, Z. A.
name: Roukes, M. L.
name: Dykman, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how frequency fluctuations of a vibrational mode can be separated from other sources of phase noise. The method is based on the analysis of the time dependence of the complex amplitude of forced vibrations. The moments of the complex amplitude sensitively depend on the frequency noise statistics and its power spectrum. The analysis applies to classical and to quantum vibrations.
The Fusion-by-Diffusion model as a tool to calculate cross sections for the production of superheavy nuclei
Creators: name: Cap, T.
name: Kowal, M.
name: Siwek-Wilczyńska, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the reaction mechanisms leading to the formation of superheavy nuclei in cold and hot fusion reactions. Calculations are done within the Fusion-by-Diffusion (FBD) model using the new nuclear data tables by Jachimowicz et al. [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 138, 101393 (2021)]. The synthesis reaction is treated in a standard way as a three-step process (i.e., capture, fusion, and survival). Each reaction step is analyzed separately. Model calculations are compared with selected experimental data on capture, fissionlike and fusion cross sections, fusion probabilities, and evaporation residue excitation functions. The role of the angular momentum in the fusion step is discussed in detail. A set of fusion excitation functions with corresponding fusion probabilities is provided for cold and hot synthesis reactions.
description: submitted to EPJ A Topical Issue: Heavy and Super-Heavy Nuclei and Elements: Production and Properties
The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey V: The Relation between the HI Content of Galaxies and Metal Enrichment at their Outskirts
Creators: name: Moran, Sean M.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Catinella, Barbara
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Wang, Jing
name: Schiminovich, David
name: Saintonge, Amélie
name: Gracia-Carpio, Javier
name: Tacconi, Linda
name: Giovanelli, Riccardo
name: Haynes, Martha
name: Fabello, Silvia
name: Hummels, Cameron
name: Lemonias, Jenna
name: Wu, Ronin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained long-slit spectra of 174 star-forming galaxies with stellar masses greater than 10^10 M_\odot from the GALEX Arecibo SDSS (GASS) survey. These galaxies have both HI and H_2 mass measurements. The average metallicity profile is strikingly flat out to R_90, the radius enclosing 90% of the r-band light. Metallicity profiles which decline steadily with radius are found primarily for galaxies in our sample with low stellar mass (Log(M_*)<10.2), concentration, and/or mean stellar mass density. Beyond ~R_90, however, around 10 percent of the galaxies in our sample exhibit a sharp downturn in metallicity. Remarkably, we find that the magnitude of the outer metallicity drop is well correlated with the total HI content of the galaxy (measured as f_HI=M_HI/M_*). We examine the radial profiles of stellar population ages and star formation rate densities, and conclude that the galaxies with largest outer metallicity drops are actively growing their stellar disks, with mass doubling times across the whole disk only one third as long as a typical GASS galaxy. We also describe a correlation between local stellar mass density and metallicity, which is valid across all galaxies in our sample. We argue that much of the recent stellar mass growth at the edges of these galaxies can be linked to the accretion or radial transport of relatively pristine gas from beyond the galaxies' stellar disks.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 17 pages, 12 figures plus Appendix
Semi-FedSER: Semi-supervised Learning for Speech Emotion Recognition On Federated Learning using Multiview Pseudo-Labeling
Creators: name: Feng, Tiantian
name: Narayanan, Shrikanth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) application is frequently associated with privacy concerns as it often acquires and transmits speech data at the client-side to remote cloud platforms for further processing. These speech data can reveal not only speech content and affective information but the speaker's identity, demographic traits, and health status. Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning algorithm that coordinates clients to train a model collaboratively without sharing local data. This algorithm shows enormous potential for SER applications as sharing raw speech or speech features from a user's device is vulnerable to privacy attacks. However, a major challenge in FL is limited availability of high-quality labeled data samples. In this work, we propose a semi-supervised federated learning framework, Semi-FedSER, that utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data samples to address the challenge of limited labeled data samples in FL. We show that our Semi-FedSER can generate desired SER performance even when the local label rate l=20 using two SER benchmark datasets: IEMOCAP and MSP-Improv.
description: This paper was submitted to Insterspeech 2022 for review
Where are the extremely metal-poor stars in the Milky Way and Andromeda? Expectations from TNG50
Creators: name: Chen, Li-Hsin
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Glover, Simon C. O.
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the location of extremely metal-poor stars (EMPs, [Fe/H]$ < -3$) in 198 Milky Way (MW)/M31-like galaxies at $z=0$ in the TNG50 simulation. Each system is divided into four kinematically-defined morphological stellar components based on stellar circularity and galactocentric distance, namely bulge, cold disk, warm disk, and stellar halo, in addition to satellites (with stellar mass $\ge 5\times10^6\,M_\odot$). According to TNG50 and across all simulated systems, the stellar halo of the main galaxy and satellites present the highest frequency of EMPs (largest $M_{\mathrm{EMP, comp}}$-to-$M_{\mathrm{tot, comp}}$ stellar mass ratio), and thus the highest chances of finding them. Such frequency is larger in lower-mass than high-mass satellites. Moreover, TNG50 predicts that the stellar halo of the main galaxy always hosts and thus contributes the majority of the EMPs of the system. Namely, it has the highest mass ratio of EMPs in it to all the EMPs in the system (largest $M_{\mathrm{EMP, comp}}$-to-$M_\mathrm{EMP} (<300\mathrm{kpc})$). However, notably, we also find that 33 MW/M31-like galaxies in TNG50 have cold disks that contribute more than 10 per cent to the total EMP mass, each with $\gtrsim 10^{6.5-7}\, M_\odot$ of EMPs in cold circular orbits. These qualitative statements do not depend on the precise definition of EMP stars, i.e. on the adopted metallicity threshold. The results of this work provide a theoretical prediction for the location of EMP stars from both a spatial and kinematic perspective and across an unprecedented number of well-resolved MW/M31-like systems.
description: Part of a set of papers based on TNG50 MW/M31-like galaxies. 14 pages, 9 figures. Accepted manuscript by MNRAS
FUTR3D: A Unified Sensor Fusion Framework for 3D Detection
Creators: name: Chen, Xuanyao
name: Zhang, Tianyuan
name: Wang, Yue
name: Wang, Yilun
name: Zhao, Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sensor fusion is an essential topic in many perception systems, such as autonomous driving and robotics. Existing multi-modal 3D detection models usually involve customized designs depending on the sensor combinations or setups. In this work, we propose the first unified end-to-end sensor fusion framework for 3D detection, named FUTR3D, which can be used in (almost) any sensor configuration. FUTR3D employs a query-based Modality-Agnostic Feature Sampler (MAFS), together with a transformer decoder with a set-to-set loss for 3D detection, thus avoiding using late fusion heuristics and post-processing tricks. We validate the effectiveness of our framework on various combinations of cameras, low-resolution LiDARs, high-resolution LiDARs, and Radars. On NuScenes dataset, FUTR3D achieves better performance over specifically designed methods across different sensor combinations. Moreover, FUTR3D achieves great flexibility with different sensor configurations and enables low-cost autonomous driving. For example, only using a 4-beam LiDAR with cameras, FUTR3D (58.0 mAP) achieves on par performance with state-of-the-art 3D detection model CenterPoint (56.6 mAP) using a 32-beam LiDAR.
$N$-soliton solutions of the Fokas-Lenells equation for the plasma ion-cyclotron waves: Inverse scattering transform approach
Creators: name: Lashkin, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple and constructive method to find $N$-soliton solutions of the equation suggested by Davydova and Lashkin to describe the dynamics of nonlinear ion-cyclotron waves in a plasma and subsequently known (in a more general form and as applied to nonlinear optics) as the Fokas-Lenells equation. Using the classical inverse scattering transform approach, we find bright $N$-soliton solutions, rational $N$-soliton solutions, and $N$-soliton solutions in the form of a mixture of exponential and rational functions. Explicit breather solutions are presented as examples. Unlike purely algebraic constructions of the Hirota or Darboux type, we also give a general expression for arbitrary initial data decaying at infinity, which contains the contribution of the continuous spectrum (radiation).
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2103.10090
CMB two-point angular correlation function in the Ellipsoidal Universe
Creators: name: Cea, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that the Ellipsoidal Universe cosmological model, proposed several years ago to account for the low quadrupole temperature-temperature correlation of the Cosmic Microwave Background, can also provide temperature-temperature two-point angular correlation function in reasonable agreement with Planck observations.
description: International Journal of Modern Physics A38 (2023) 2350030, 10 pages
Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics and Optimal Prediction of Partially-Observed Complex Systems
Creators: name: Rupe, Adam
name: Vesselinov, Velimir V.
name: Crutchfield, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Only a subset of degrees of freedom are typically accessible or measurable in real-world systems. As a consequence, the proper setting for empirical modeling is that of partially-observed systems. Notably, data-driven models consistently outperform physics-based models for systems with few observable degrees of freedom; e.g., hydrological systems. Here, we provide an operator-theoretic explanation for this empirical success. To predict a partially-observed system's future behavior with physics-based models, the missing degrees of freedom must be explicitly accounted for using data assimilation and model parametrization. Data-driven models, in contrast, employ delay-coordinate embeddings and their evolution under the Koopman operator to implicitly model the effects of the missing degrees of freedom. We describe in detail the statistical physics of partial observations underlying data-driven models using novel Maximum Entropy and Maximum Caliber measures. The resulting nonequilibrium Wiener projections applied to the Mori-Zwanzig formalism reveal how data-driven models may converge to the true dynamics of the observable degrees of freedom. Additionally, this framework shows how data-driven models infer the effects of unobserved degrees of freedom implicitly, in much the same way that physics models infer the effects explicitly. This provides a unified implicit-explicit modeling framework for predicting partially-observed systems, with hybrid physics-informed machine learning methods combining implicit and explicit aspects.
Resolución de problemas a través de la modelización
Creators: name: José Luis Muñoz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Resolución de problemas
Modelización

description: Esta presentación aborda cómo la modelización matemática permite resolver problemas reales, conectando las matemáticas escolares con situaciones cotidianas. Se mostrarán ejemplos y estrategias para fomentar el proceso de modelización en Secundaria y Bachillerato.
Elastic collapse in disordered isostatic networks
Creators: name: Moukarzel, Cristian F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isostatic networks are minimally rigid and therefore have, generically, nonzero elastic moduli. Regular isostatic networks have finite moduli in the limit of large sizes. However, numerical simulations show that all elastic moduli of geometrically disordered isostatic networks go to zero with system size. This holds true for positional as well as for topological disorder. In most cases, elastic moduli decrease as inverse power-laws of system size. On directed isostatic networks, however, of which the square and cubic lattices are particular cases, the decrease of the moduli is exponential with size. For these, the observed elastic weakening can be quantitatively described in terms of the multiplicative growth of stresses with system size, giving rise to bulk and shear moduli of order exp{-bL}. The case of sphere packings, which only accept compressive contact forces, is considered separately. It is argued that these have a finite bulk modulus because of specific correlations in contact disorder, introduced by the constraint of compressivity. We discuss why their shear modulus, nevertheless, is again zero for large sizes. A quantitative model is proposed that describes the numerically measured shear modulus, both as a function of the loading angle and system size. In all cases, if a density p>0 of overconstraints is present, as when a packing is deformed by compression, or when a glass is outside its isostatic composition window, all asymptotic moduli become finite. For square networks with periodic boundary conditions, these are of order sqrt{p}. For directed networks, elastic moduli are of order exp{-c/p}, indicating the existence of an "isostatic length scale" of order 1/p.
description: 6 pages, 6 figues, to appear in Europhysics Letters
A Stochastic Theory of the Hierarchical Clustering III. The Non-universality and Non-stationarity of the Halo Mass Function
Creators: name: Lapi, A.
name: Ronconi, T.
name: Danese, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the stochastic theory for hierarchical clustering, we investigate the time-dependent solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation describing the statistics of dark matter halos, and discuss the typical timescales needed for these to converge toward stationary states, far away enough from initial conditions. Although we show that the stationary solutions can reproduce the outcomes of state-of-the-art $N-$body simulations at $z\approx 0$ to a great accuracy, one needs to go beyond to fully account for the cosmic evolution of the simulated halo mass function toward high-redshift. Specifically, we demonstrate that the time-dependent solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation can describe, for reasonable initial conditions, the non-universal evolution of the simulated halo mass functions. Compared to standard theoretical estimates, our stochastic theory predicts a halo number density higher by factor of several toward $z\gtrsim 10$, an outcome which can be helpful in elucidating early and upcoming data from JWST. Finally, we point out the relevance of our approach in designing, interpreting and emulating present and future $N-$body experiments.
description: 14 pages, 5 Figures. Accepted by ApJ
A semi-quantitative equivalence for abstracting from fast reactions
Creators: name: Galpin, Vashti
name: Hillston, Jane
name: Ciocchetta, Federica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Semantic equivalences are used in process algebra to capture the notion of similar behaviour, and this paper proposes a semi-quantitative equivalence for a stochastic process algebra developed for biological modelling. We consider abstracting away from fast reactions as suggested by the Quasi-Steady-State Assumption. We define a fast-slow bisimilarity based on this idea. We also show congruence under an appropriate condition for the cooperation operator of Bio-PEPA. The condition requires that there is no synchronisation over fast actions, and this distinguishes fast-slow bisimilarity from weak bisimilarity. We also show congruence for an operator which extends the reactions available for a species. We characterise models for which it is only necessary to consider the matching of slow transitions and we illustrate the equivalence on two models of competitive inhibition.
description: In Proceedings CompMod 2011, arXiv:1109.1044
Association is not prediction – a pervasive issue in the medical literature - Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Stangroome, Kaitlin
name: Perkin, Michael
Publisher: name: St George's, University of London
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 320401
subject: Allergy
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 420204
subject: Epidemiological methods

description: Only 17% of papers in the allergy field claiming prediction reported sensitivity and specificityClinical practice and patient care can be compromised by erroneous assertions of predictive value
Proton and Helium Heating by Cascading Turbulence in a Low-beta Plasma
Creators: name: Shi, Zhaodong
name: Muñoz, P. A.
name: Büchner, J.
name: Liu, Siming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How ions are energized and heated is a fundamental problem in the study of energy dissipation in magnetized plasmas. In particular, the heating of heavy ions (including ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}^{2+}$, ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}^{2+}$ and others) has been a constant concern for understanding the microphysics of impulsive solar flares. In this article, via two-dimensional hybrid-kinetic Particle-in-Cell simulations, we study the heating of Helium ions (${}^{4}\mathrm{He}^{2+}$) by turbulence driven by cascading waves launched at large scales from the left-handed polarized Helium ion cyclotron wave branch of a multi-ion plasma composed of electrons, protons, and Helium ions. We find significant parallel (to the background magnetic field) heating for both Helium ions and protons due to the formation of beams and plateaus in their velocity distribution functions along the background magnetic field. The heating of Helium ions in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field starts with a lower rate than that in the parallel direction, but overtakes the parallel heating after a few hundreds of the proton gyro-periods due to cyclotron resonances with mainly obliquely propagating waves induced by the cascade of injected Helium ion cyclotron waves at large scales. There is however little evidence for proton heating in the perpendicular direction due to the absence of left-handed polarized cyclotron waves near the proton cyclotron frequency. Our results are useful for understanding the preferential heating of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and other heavy ions in the ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$-rich solar energetic particle events, in which Helium ions play a crucial role as a species of background ions regulating the kinetic plasma behavior.
description: accepted by ApJ
Inclusive jet and hadron suppression in a multistage approach
Creators: name: Kumar, A.
name: Tachibana, Y.
name: Sirimanna, C.
name: Vujanovic, G.
name: Cao, S.
name: Majumder, A.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Du, L.
name: Ehlers, R.
name: Everett, D.
name: Fan, W.
name: He, Y.
name: Mulligan, J.
name: Park, C.
name: Angerami, A.
name: Arora, R.
name: Bass, S. A.
name: Dai, T.
name: Elfner, H.
name: Fries, R. J.
name: Gale, C.
name: Garza, F.
name: Heffernan, M.
name: Heinz, U.
name: Jacak, B. V.
name: Jacobs, P. M.
name: Jeon, S.
name: Kauder, K.
name: Kasper, L.
name: Ke, W.
name: Kelsey, M.
name: Kim, B.
name: Kordell, M.
name: Latessa, J.
name: Lee, Y. -J.
name: Liyanage, D.
name: Lopez, A.
name: Luzum, M.
name: Mak, S.
name: Mankolli, A.
name: Martin, C.
name: Mehryar, H.
name: Mengel, T.
name: Nattrass, C.
name: Oliinychenko, D.
name: Paquet, J. -F.
name: Putschke, J. H.
name: Roland, G.
name: Schenke, B.
name: Schwiebert, L.
name: Sengupta, A.
name: Shen, C.
name: Silva, A.
name: Soeder, D.
name: Soltz, R. A.
name: Staudenmaier, J.
name: Strickland, M.
name: Velkovska, J.
name: Wang, X. -N.
name: Wolpert, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new study of jet interactions in the quark-gluon plasma created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, using a multistage event generator within the JETSCAPE framework. We focus on medium-induced modifications in the rate of inclusive jets and high transverse momentum (high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$) hadrons. Scattering-induced jet energy loss is calculated in two stages: A high virtuality stage based on the MATTER model, in which scattering of highly virtual partons modifies the vacuum radiation pattern, and a second stage at lower jet virtuality based on the LBT model, in which leading partons gain and lose virtuality by scattering and radiation. Coherence effects that reduce the medium-induced emission rate in the MATTER phase are also included. The TRENTo model is used for initial conditions, and the (2+1)dimensional VISHNU model is used for viscous hydrodynamic evolution. Jet interactions with the medium are modeled via 2-to-2 scattering with Debye screened potentials, in which the recoiling partons are tracked, hadronized, and included in the jet clustering. Holes left in the medium are also tracked and subtracted to conserve transverse momentum. Calculations of the nuclear modification factor ($R_{\mathrm{AA}}$) for inclusive jets and high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ hadrons are compared to experimental measurements at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Within this framework, we find that with one extra parameter which codifies the transition between stages of jet modification -- along with the typical parameters such as the coupling in the medium, the start and stop criteria etc. -- we can describe these data at all energies for central and semicentral collisions without a rescaling of the jet transport coefficient $\hat{q}$.
description: 34 pages, 23 figures