Pyemotes tritici LaGreze-Fossat & Montagne 1851
Creators: name: Yu, Lichen
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
name: He, Limin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Pyemotidae
Pyemotes
Pyemotes tritici

description: Pyemotes tritici (LaGreze-Fossat & Montagne, 1851)
Figs 13–24
Acarus tritici LaGreze-Fossat & Montagne, 1851 1. In 2002, Deping Xiong (Beijing Botanical Garden) introduced colonies of the mites from Insect laboratory of Changli Fruit Tree Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural Forestry and Forestry Sciences and later sent to Dr John Moser for identification. Dr Moser considered these mites as P. tritici. We loaned slides of this species from Dr Moser and identified them as P. zhonghuajia sp. nov.
2. Should be Xiong rather than Liong as mis-typed on the slides; determined initially by Dr John Moser as P. tritici; see also footnote 1.
Pyemotes boylei Krczal, 1959b: 150 —synonymy by Moser, 1975
Pyemotes tritici— Cross & Moser 1975: 725 (in key); Cross et al., 1981: 182 (in key)
Description of male (Figs 13–18)
Size. Idiosoma 170–187 long, 90–109 wide.
Gnathosoma. Gnathosomal body 20–27 long, 25–33 wide. Seta ch 1 6 long; seta ch 2 7 long. Subcapitular setae absent. Palpal femoral seta 14 long. Palpal genual seta 5 long. Palpal tibiotarsal seta 6 long. Palpal solenidion 4 long.
Prodorsum. Prodorsal shield wider than long, anterior margin slightly convex. Setae v 1 a pit only. Setae v 2 5–7 long. Setae sc 1 9–19 long. Setae sc 2 61–76 long, thinner than half diameter of base of seta d, 1.6–2.0 times as long as sc 2– sc 2. Distance between setae: v 1– v 1 22–23; v 2– v 2 35 –42; v 2 – sc 1; sc 1– sc 1 35–42, nearly as wide as sc 2– sc 2; sc 2– sc 2 35–42.
Hysterosomal dorsum. Plate CD subtrapezoid in shape. Setae c 1 25 long, nearly as long as c 2. Setae c 2 26 long. Distances c 1– c 1 38–44, slightly wider than sc 2– sc 2. Setae d 113 long, long and thick, about 1.5 times as long as sc 2, about 0.6 times as long as body length. Distance d–d 26–31, nearly 0.8 times as wide as c 1– c 1. Plate EF about as wide as long. Setae e 9 long. Setae f 66–84 long, thick, over 0.7 times as long as d. Distance f–f 11–17, about half as wide as d–d. Setae h 1 7 long. Setae h 2 6 long, setiform, nearly 0.9 times as long as h 1. Distance h 1– h 1 17. Setae ps 1 7–8 long. Setae ps 2 2 long, a thickened peg, about 1/3 as long as ps 1. Setae ps 3 7 long.
Idiosomal venter. Apodeme 1 strong, just reaching base of trochanter I, the pair forming an angle about 90° medially. Apodeme 2 strongly tapered in distal 1/3, mediad 2/3 thicker than prosternal apodeme. Sejugal not developed. Prosternal apodeme strong, extending posteriorly to level of sertions of 2b. Setae 1a 13 long, close or on apodeme 1. Setae 1b 9 long, close to apodeme 2. Distance 1a–1a 13–15 apart. Setae 2a 13–17 long, apart from apodeme 2, extending beyond base of 2b. Setae 2b 11–13 long. Distance 2a–2b 11, 2a–2a 19–22, about 1.5 times as wide as 1a–1a. Apodeme 3 strong, not connecting with each other, nor with apodeme 4. Apodeme 4 strong, not connecting with each other, but congnecting with apodeme 5 of its side. Apedeme 5 strong and long. Setae 3a 3–5 long, about 1/4 as long as 3b. Distance 3a–3a 20–25, 1.1–1.2 times as wide as 2a–2a. Setae 3b 11–19 long, not reaching bases of 3a and 4a. Distance 3b–3b 43–45, 1.7–2.0 times as wide as 3a–3a. Setae 3c 14–19 long, close to apodeme 3. Distance 3c–3c 56–64, 2.6–2.8 times as wide as 3a–3a. Setae 4a 8 long. Distance 4a–4a 33–39, 1.6– 1.8 times as wide as 3a–3a. Setae 4b 6–10 long. Distance 4b–4b 21–23, 0.8–1.0 times as wide as 3a–3a. Setae ag 9 long. Distance ag–ag 15.
Legs (Figs 15-18).
Leg I 56 –61 long (Fig. 15).
Trochanter I 17 long, 0.8 times as long as wide; seta v' 14 long, extending beyond base of segment.
Femur I 18 long, over 1.1 times as long as wide, with 4 setae, d, l', l", v"; seta d 17 long, extending beyond base of l" Ge and about 0.9 times as long as femur; seta l' 8 long, about half as long as d; seta l'' 12 long, longer than l'; seta v'' 31 long.
Genu I 11 long, about 0.7 times as long as wide, with 4 setae, l', l", v', v"; seta l' 36 long, extending beyond distal end of tarsus; seta l'' 36 long, extending beyond distal end of tarsus; seta v' 15 long, about 1.4 times as long as genu; seta v'' 13 long.
Tibia I 16 long, nearly 1.2 times as long as wide, with 6 setae and 1 solenidion, d, l', l", v', v", k, φ; seta d 56 long, about 0.9 times as long as leg I, the longest in leg I, about 4 times as long as tibia; seta l' 20 long, nearly 1.3 times as long as tibia; nearly 0.4 times as long as d; seta l'' 19 long; seta v' 11 long, about 0.7 times as long as tibia; seta v'' 12 long; microseta k 10 long, over half as long as tibia; solenidion Φ1 5 long, nearly 0.5 times as long as k; solenidion Φ2 absent.
Tarsus I 13 long, about 1.2 times as long as wide, with 12 setae and 1 solenidion, pl', pl", pv', pv", ft', ft', tc', tc", p', p", s, u', ω; seta pl' 34 long, about 2.6 times as long as tarsus; seta pl'' 26 long, nearly 0.8 times as long as pl'; seta pv' 12 long, about 0.9 times as long as tarsus; seta pv'' 6 long, over 0.5 times as long as pv'; seta ft' 11 long, eupathidial, about 0.8 times as long as tarsus; seta ft'' 13 long, eupathidial, over 1.2 times as long as ft'; seta tc' 11 long, eupathidial, about as long as ft'; seta tc'' 8 long, eupathidia, nearly 0.8 times as long as ft'; seta p' 10 long, eupathidial, about equal length of ft'; seta p'' 10 long, eupathidial, about equal length of ft'; seta s 9 long, about 0.8 times as long as pv'; seta u' 3 long; u'' 7 long; solenidion ω 7 long, expanded in mid length and then slightly tapered only near distal end. Claw a small hook.
Leg II 66 long (Fig. 16).
Trochanter II 14 long, nearly 0.5 times as long as wide; with 1 seta, seta v' 10 long, extending beyond base of trochanter.
Femur II 21 long, about 1.3 times as long as wide; with 3 setae, d, l', v"; seta d 24 long, extending beyond base of d Ti; seta l' 12 long, about half as long as d; seta v'' 17 long, about 0.7 times as long as d.
Genu II 10 long, nearly 0.7 times as long as wide; with 3 setae, l', l", v'; seta l' 21 long, nearly 2.1 times as long as genu; seta l'' 19 long, nearly 1.9 times as long as genu, nearly as long as l'; seta v' 14 long, nearly 0.7 time as long as l'.
Tibia II 14 long, as long as wide; with 4 setae, d, l', v', v"; seta d 54 long, about 0.8 times as long as leg II, the longest in leg II; seta l' 19 long, nearly 0.4 times as long as d; seta v' 27 long, about 1.4 times as long as l'; seta v'' 23 long, about 1.2 times as long as l'; solenidion Φ absent.
Tarsus II 16 long, about 1.5 times as long as wide; with 7 setae and 1 solenidion, tc", tc', pl", pv', pv", u', u", ω; seta tc' 26 long, about 0.7 times as long as tc"; seta tc'' 37 long, about 2.2 times as long as tarsus; seta pl'' 13 long, about half as long as tc'; seta pv' 13 long, about equal length of pl"; seta pv'' 15 long, about 1.1 time as long as pl"; seta u' 18 long, nearly half as long as tc"; seta u'' 14 long, nearly 0.8 time as long as u' and as long as pv"; solenidion ω 8 long, longer than Ta I. Claws strong (relatively thick).
Leg III 117 long (Fig. 17).
Trichanter III 33 long, nearly 1.3 times as long as wide; seta v' 17 long, longer than 1/2 Tr.
Femur III 37 long, over 2.1 times as long as wide; with 2 setae, d, v'; seta d 84 long, about 0.7 times as long as leg III, extending beyond tip of leg III (including claw), as long as d Ti; seta v' 16 long, over 0.4 times as long as femur.
Genu III 16 long, nearly 1.1 times as long as wide; with 3 setae, l', l", v'; seta l' 52 long, nearly 3.3 times as long as genu, reaching end of tarsus; seta l'' 29 long, nearly 0.6 times as long as l', about 1.8 times as long as genu; seta v' 23 long, over 1.4 times as long as genu.
Tibia III 23 long, nearly 1.6 times as long as wide; with 4 setae, d, l', v', v"; seta d 86 long, over 0.7 times as long as leg III, long and thick, thickest in leg III, as long as d Fe; seta l' 25 long, about 0.3 time as long as d; seta v' 29 long, nearly 1.2 time as long as l'; seta v'' 32 long, longer than v" and nearly 1.1 time as long as l'.
Tarsus III 23 long, about 1.9 times as long as wide; with 7 setae, tc", tc', pl", pv', pv", u', u"; seta tc' 35 long, nearly 0.9 times as long as tc"; seta tc'' 41 long, about 1.8 times as long as tarsus; seta pl'' 17 long, over 0.7 times as long as tarsus; seta pv' 17 long, as long as pl"; seta pv'' 19 long, about 1.1 times as long as pv'; seta u' 15 long, over 0.4 times as long as tc'; seta u'' 21 long, about 1.1 times as long as pv". Claws strong.
Leg IV 97 long (Fig. 18).
Trochanter IV 26 long, about 0.9 times as long as wide; with 1 seta, seta v' 12 long.
Femur IV 36 long, twice as long as wide; ventral margin concave; with 2 setae, d, v'; seta d 78 long, the thickest and the longest in leg IV, about 0.8 times as long as leg IV, nearly 2.2 times as long as femur; seta v' 9 long, nearly 0.3 times as long as femur.
Genu IV 15 long, as long as wide; with 2 setae, l", v'; seta l'' 17 long, nearly 1.2 times as long as genu; v' 14 long.
Tibia IV 24 long, 1.8 times as long as wide; with 4 setae and 1 solenidion, d, l', v', v", ω; seta d 40 long, about 1.7 times as long as tibia; seta l' 14 long, 1/3 as long as d; v' 13 long, as long as l'; v'' 13 long, as long as l'; solenidion Φ 11 long, not reaching base of claw, its base in distal end of tibia.
Tarsus IV 10 long, over 1.1 times as long as wide; with 5 setae and 1 claw, tc', tc", pv', pv", u', claw; seta tc' 24 long, nearly 2.5 times as long as tasus; seta tc'' 8 long, over 0.8 times as long as tarsus; seta pv' 6 long, over 0.6 times as long as tarsus; seta pv'' 3 long, longer than 1/2 length of pv'; seta u' 8 long, as long as tc". Claw strong, finger–like.
Description of female (Figs 19–24)
Size. 259 long, 94 wide.
Gnathosoma. Gnathosomal body 43 long, 35 wide. Seta ch 1 8 long; seta ch 2 9 long. Palpal coxal setae 10 long. Palpal femoral seta 17 long. Palpal genual seta 9 long. Palpal tibiotarsal seta 5. Palpal solenidion 3 long.
Prodorsum. Prodorsal shield posterior margin convex,. Setae v 1 16 long. Setae v 2 13 long. Setae sc 1 18 long; its capitular body 12 long, 6 wide. Setae sc 2 69–76 long, not reaching posterior margin of C plate. Distance between setae: v 1– v 2 12; v 2 – sc 2 11; v 1 – sc 2 19; sc 2– sc 2 42–45; v 2– v 1 / v 2 – sc 2>1.
Hysterosomal dorsum. Plate C posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle. Setae c 1 18–20 long, 0.7 times times as long as c 2. Setae c 2 27 long. Distances c 1– c 1 40, about 0.9 times as wide as sc 2– sc 2. Plate D posterior margin irregular. Setae d 25 long, shorter than distance d–d 29–30. Plate EF posterior margin convex in middle. Setae e 14 long. Setae f 46 long, nearly 0.7 times as long as sc 2. Distance f–f 20, about 0.7 times as wide as d–d. Setae h 1 25–26 long. Setae h 2 14 long. Distance h 1– h 1 17, 0.85 times as wide as f–f. Setae ps 1 9.5.
Idiosomal venter. Apodeme 1 slightly extending anterolaterally beyond base of trochanter I; pair forming an angle of 90° medially. Apodeme 2 curved abruptly, reaching posterolateral angle of trochanter I. Prosternal apodeme strong. Setae 1a 16 long, slightly longer than 1a–1a (15). Setae 1b 15 long, close to apodeme 2. Setae 2a 30 long. Setae 2b 15 long. Distance 1b–1b 41, 2a–2a 20–21, 1.2–1.4 times as wide as 1a–1a, 2b–2b 42. Apodeme 3 shorter than apodeme 4. Apodeme 4 strong and long. Apedeme 5 short, about half as long as spodeme 4. Setae 3a 27 long. Distance 3a–3a 15–18, 0.8 times as wide as 2a–2a. Setae 3b 25 long, nearly as long as 3a. Distance 3b– 3b 35–40. Distance 3a–3b 27. Distance 3a–3c 19 apart. Distance 3b–3c 11. Setae 3c 19 long. Distance 3c–3c 50 apart. Setae 4a 18 long. Distance 31–33, about 0.8–0.9 times as wide as 3b–3b. Setae 4b 19 long. Distance 4b–4b 14–16, nearly half as wide as 4a–4a. Tegula triangular, posterior margin nearly straight. Setae ag 17 long. Distance ag–ag 9.
Legs (Figs 21–24).
Leg I 69 long (excluding claw; Fig. 21).
Trochanter I 16 long, about 0.8 times as long as wide; with 1 seta, v' 8 long, extending beyond base of segment.
Femur I 19 long, nearly 1.3 times as long as wide; with 4 setae d, l', l", v"; seta d 14 long, just reaching base of l" Ge; seta l' 10 long, about 1.2 times as long as v' tr, and 0.7 times as long as d; seta l'' 14 long, about as long as d and reaching base of genual seta l"; seta v'' 51 long, very thin, nearly reaching to distal end of tarsus, over 0.7 times as long as leg I, the longest in leg I.
Genu I 13 long, nearly 0.9 times as long as wide; with 4 setae, l', l", v', v"; seta l' 38 long, about 3 times as long as genu, close to distal end of tarsus and the longest in segment; seta l'' 30 long, nearly 0.8 times as long as l'; seta v' 16 long, about 0.4 times as long as l'; seta v'' 15 long, as long as v'.
Tibia I 20 long, 15 wide, nearly 1.4 times as long as wide; with 6 setae and 2 solenidia, d, l', l", v', v", k, 2Φ; seta d 41 long, twice as long as tibia and 0.6 times as long as leg I, the longest in segment; seta l' 22 long, about half as long as d; seta l'' 26 long, about 1.2 times as long as of l'; seta v' 20 long, as long as tibia; nearly 1.3 times as long as v' of genu; seta v'' 24 long, nearly as long as l'; microseta k 8 long, as long as solenidion Φ1, which is thick; solenidion Φ2 4 long.
Tarsus I 14 long, 11 wide, over 1.2 times as long as wide; with 13 setae and 1 solenidion, pl', pl", pv', pv", ft', ft", tc', tc", p', p", s, u', u", ω; seta pl' 43 long, about 3.2 times as long as tarsus, the longest in tarsus, and 0.6 times as long as leg I; seta pl'' 38 long, about 0.9 times as long as pl'; seta pv' 13 long, about 1/3 as long as pl"; seta pv'' 9 long; nearly 0.7 times as long as pv'; seta ft' 12 long, eupathidium, nearly 0.9 times as long as tarsus; seta ft'' eupathidium, as long as ft '; seta tc' 11 long, eupathidium, 0.9 times as long as ft'; seta tc'' 11 long, eupathidium, 0.9 times as long as ft'; seta p' 9 long, eupathidium, as long as tc"; seta p'' 12 long, eupathidium, as long as ft"; seta s 8 long, 0.6 times as long as tarsus; seta u' 4 long; u'' 4 long; solenidion ω 7 long, expanded in second. Claw strong.
Leg II 68 long (Fig. 22).
Trochanter II subtriangular,19.1 long, about 1.2 times as long as wide; with 1 v', 10 long, extending beyond base of segment.
Femur II 18 long, nearly 1.5 times as long as wide; with 3 setae, d, l', v"; seta d 16 long, just extending beyond distal end of genu, nearly 0.9 times as long as femur, obviously longer than l' and v'; seta l' 12 long, nearly 0.8 times as long as d, just reaching base of l' Ge; seta v'' 12 long, as long as l'.
Genu II 11 long, over 0.8 times as long as wide; with 3 setae, l', l", v'; seta l' 17 long, nearly 1.6 times as long as genu; seta l'' 16 long, over 0.9 times as long as l'; seta v' 19 long, over 1.1 times as long as l".
Tibia II 14 long, over 1.2 times as long as wide; with 4 setae and 1 solenidion, d, l', v', v", φ; seta d 22–28 long, 1.7 times as long as tibia, as long as v'; seta l' 19–21 long, about 0.8–0.9 times as long as d; seta v' 24 long, as long as d; seta v'' 36 long, 1.5 times as long as d, the longest in segment; solenidion Φ 3 long, thin.
Tarsus II 17 long, 1.8 times as long as wide; with 7 setae and 1 solenidion, tc", tc', pl", pv', pv", u', u", ω; seta tc' 16 long, over 0.4 times as long as tc"; seta tc'' 36 long, nearly 2.2 times as long as tarsus, over half as long as leg II; seta pl'' 13 long, nearly 0.4 times as long as tc"; seta pv' 12 long, as long as pl"; seta pv'' 20 long, nearly 1.3 times as long as tc'; seta u' 20 long, nearly 1.3 times as long as tc'; seta u'' 11 long, about 0.3 times as long as tc"; solenidion ω 3 long.
Leg III 86 long (Fig. 23).
Trichanter III 26 long, 2.0 times as long as wide; with 1 seta, v' 18–21 long, about 0.8 times as long as trochanter, extending beyond base of Tr.
Femur III 23 long, about twice as long as wide; with 2 setae, d, v'; seta d 17 long, over 0.7 times as long as femur, just reaching base of tibia; seta v' 17–19 long.
Genu III 12 long, as long as wide; with 3 setae, l', l", v'; seta l' 20 long, not reaching distal end of tibia, just extending base of dTi, over 1.7 times as long as genu; seta l'' 16 long, about 0.8 times as long as l'; seta v' 20 long, as long as l'.
Tibia III 16–19 long, 1.3–1.4 times as long as wide; with 4 setae and 1 solenidion, d, l', v', v", φ; seta d 38 long, twice as long as tibia, about half as long as leg III; seta l' 24 long, over 0.6 times as long as d; seta v' 25 long, nearly 1.4 times as long as tibia, about as long as l'; seta v'' 33 long, about 1.3 times as long as v'; solenidion Φ 3 long.
Tarsus III 19 long, about 2.1 times as long as wide; with 7 setae, tr", tr', pl", pv', pv", u', u"; seta tc' 14–16 long, about 1/3 as long as tc"; seta tc'' 39–48 long, about 0.5 times as long as leg III, nearly 2.3 times as long as tarsus; seta pl'' 12–16 long, about 0.9 times as long as tc'; seta pv' 15–18 long, nearly 1.3 times as long as tc'; seta pv'' 15- 17 long; seta u' 18–20 long, 1.0–1.4 times as long as pv'; seta u'' 13 long, about 0.8 times as long as pv".
Leg IV 94 long (Fig. 24).
Trochanter IV 24 long, nearly 1.6 times as long as wide; with 1 seta, v' 18–20 long, about 0.8 times as long as trochanter.
Femur IV 30 long, 2.1–2.5 times as long as wide; with 2 setae, d, v'; seta d 25 long, about 0.8 times as long as femur, just reaching base of tibia; seta v' 20–23 long, 1.1–1.3 times as long as v' Tr, over 0.8 times as long as d. Genu IV 12 long, nearly 1.1 times as long as wide; with 2 setae, l", v'; seta l'' 16–19 long, 1.3–1.4 times as long as genu; v' 20–23 long, 1.1–1.4 times as long as l".
Tibia IV 20 long, about 1.7 times as long as wide; with 4 setae, d, l', v', v"; seta d 43 long, extending beyond claw of leg, nearly 2.1 times as long as tibia, nearly half as long as leg IV; seta l' 26 long, about 0.6 times as long as d; v' 28 long, nearly 0.7 times as long as d; v'' 27 long, nearly as long as l'.
Tarsus IV 21 long, 2.0–2.3 times as long as wide; with 6 setae, tc", tc', pl", pv', pv", u'; seta tc' 22–24 long, about 0.2 times as long as tc", about as long as tarsus; seta tc'' 110–116 long, about 1.2 times as long as leg, the longest in leg I, about 5.3 times as long as tarsus; seta pl'' 14–16 long, 0.6–0.7 times as long as tc'; seta pv' 29 long, 0.9–1.2 times as long as tc'; seta pv'' 25–28 long; seta u' 18–32 long.
Material examined
USA: 3 females (slides 15,459, 15,461 & 15,464) and 3 males (slides 15,398, 15416 & 15,425), ex Oryzaephilus Stored Product Lab, Savannah, Georgia, USA (Jan 1971), collected by John Moser. 3 females (slides 16,110, 16,134 & 16,125) and 3 males (16,611, 16,625 & 16,130), ex Araecerus levipenni, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, (1972), collected by F. Haramoto.
Mexico: 2 females (slides 14,786 & 14,790) and 2 males (slides 14,734 & 14,758), ex boll weevil, Sonora, Mexico, reared ex Scolytus multistriatus in lab (Pineville, Mar. 1970), John Moser.
Remarks
This species, the common straw itch mite, has a confused taxonomic history due to the lack of detailed descriptions and the loss of the type specimens (Moser 1975). In his monographic review of the genus Pyemotes, Krczal (1959a) did not provide any morphological details of this species, but he suggested that this species, rather than P. ventricosus, is the common straw itch mite. Moser (1975) accepted this view and tested it biologically with supporting evidence. The current concept of P. tritici is mostly based on the keys of Cross & Moser (1975) and Cross et al. (1981). However, this is based on biological evidence of Moser (1975) because the type species of this species can not be found and no efforts to obtain specimens of this species from near the type locality in France were successful. The morphological characters for diagnosing P. tritici are based on speciems from the USA, but detailed descriptions are lacking. Despite this, P. tritici has been reported using the concept of Cross & Moser (1975) and Cross et al. (1981) in various studies on topics such as ultrastructure, biological control, and toxin genes (e.g. Bruce & LeCato, 1980; Bruce et al., 1983; Tomalski et al., 1988, 1989).
Our study here showed that the P. tritici identified using Cross & Moser (1975) and Cross et al. (1981) include a complex of at least three species based on detailed analysis of morphological characters. Ideally, it is best to re-describe this species based on specimens of this species from the type locality in France and designate a neotype (Moser 1975). Zhang visited the National Museum of Natural History (Paris) in 2008, but failed to find any specimens of P. tritici from France. Further attempts to acquire specimens of P. tritici from France were not successful. In order to avoid fruther delay in clarifying this complex of species and subsequent studies on the biology of Pyemotes zhonghuajia sp. nov. in China, we provide herein a detailed descriptions of P. tritici based on voucher specimens from USA (Hawaii and Georgia) from Dr Moser’s collection. This description essentially clarifies and further restricts the concept of P. tritici by Cross & Moser (1975) and Cross et al. (1981), which has been followed in current literature (e.g. Bruce & LeCato 1980; Bruce et al. 1983; Tomalski et al. 1988, 1989).
description: Published as part of Yu, Lichen, Zhang, Zhi-Qiang & He, Limin, 2010, Two new species of Pyemotes closely related to P. tritici (Acari: Pyemotidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2723 on pages 15-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199922