cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum versus Classical Annealing of Ising Spin Glasses
Creators: name: Heim, Bettina
name: Rønnow, Troels F.
name: Isakov, Sergei V.
name: Troyer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strongest evidence for superiority of quantum annealing on spin glass problems has come from comparing simulated quantum annealing using quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods to simulated classical annealing [G. Santoro et al., Science 295, 2427(2002)]. Motivated by experiments on programmable quantum annealing devices we revisit the question of when quantum speedup may be expected for Ising spin glass problems. We find that even though a better scaling compared to simulated classical annealing can be achieved for QMC simulations, this advantage is due to time discretization and measurements which are not possible on a physical quantum annealing device. QMC simulations in the physically relevant continuous time limit, on the other hand, do not show superiority. Our results imply that care has to be taken when using QMC simulations to assess quantum speedup potential and are consistent with recent arguments that no quantum speedup should be expected for two-dimensional spin glass problems.
*?*
Creators: name: PsykoSapiens
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Il taccuino esplora il rapporto tra vita, esistenza e narcisismo, interrogandosi sulla distinzione tra il vivere biologico e l’esistere ontologico. Il narcisista, ridotto a pura immagine di sé, è descritto come un “non ente”, un essere privo di ancoraggio ontologico, simile al Dio delle teologie abramitiche, che crea a sua immagine in un atto di narcisismo cosmico. Questo Dio, lontano dall’essere radicato nella realtà terrestre o cosmica, appare come un’entità dislocata, un riflesso di sé stesso che non partecipa pienamente al mondo. Il testo si chiude con una riflessione critica sulla divinità come proiezione antropocentrica del narcisismo umano, un frammento d’idea senza sostanza reale.
Probing the inflaton: Small-scale power spectrum constraints from measurements of the cosmic microwave background energy spectrum
Creators: name: Ben-Dayan, I.
name: Chluba, J.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2012

description: In the early universe, energy stored in small-scale density perturbations is quickly dissipated by Silk damping, a process that inevitably generates μ- and y-type spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These spectral distortions depend on the shape and amplitude of the primordial power spectrum at wavenumbers k ≲ 104 Mpc-1. Here, we study constraints on the primordial power spectrum derived from COBE/FIRAS and forecasted for PIXIE. We show that measurements of μ and y impose strong bounds on the integrated small-scale power, and we demonstrate how to compute these constraints using k-space window functions that account for the effects of thermalization and dissipation physics. We show that COBE/FIRAS places a robust upper limit on the amplitude of the small-scale power spectrum. This limit is about three orders of magnitude stronger than the one derived from primordial black holes in the same scale range. Furthermore, this limit could be improved by another three orders of magnitude with PIXIE, potentially opening up a new window to early universe physics. To illustrate the power of these constraints, we consider several generic models for the small-scale power spectrum predicted by different inflation scenarios, including running-mass inflation models and inflation scenarios with episodes of particle production. PIXIE could place very tight constraints on these scenarios, potentially even ruling out running-mass inflation models if no distortion is detected. We also show that inflation models with sub-Planckian field excursion that generate detectable tensor perturbations should simultaneously produce a large CMB spectral distortion, a link that could potentially be established with PIXIE.
Transformer Based Implementation for Automatic Book Summarization
Creators: name: Porwal, Siddhant
name: Bewoor, Laxmi
name: Deshpande, Vivek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Document Summarization is the procedure of generating a meaningful and concise summary of a given document with the inclusion of relevant and topic-important points. There are two approaches: one is picking up the most relevant statements from the document itself and adding it to the Summary known as Extractive and the other is generating sentences for the Summary known as Abstractive Summarization. Training a machine learning model to perform tasks that are time-consuming or very difficult for humans to evaluate is a major challenge. Book Abstract generation is one of such complex tasks. Traditional machine learning models are getting modified with pre-trained transformers. Transformer based language models trained in a self-supervised fashion are gaining a lot of attention; when fine-tuned for Natural Language Processing(NLP) downstream task like text summarization. This work is an attempt to use Transformer based techniques for Abstract generation.
description: Published at - https://ijisae.org/index.php/IJISAE/article/view/2421
Reheating effects in the matter power spectrum and implications for substructure
Creators: name: Sigurdson, K.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2011

description: The thermal and expansion history of the Universe before big bang nucleosynthesis is unknown. We investigate the evolution of cosmological perturbations through the transition from an early matter era to radiation domination. We treat reheating as the perturbative decay of an oscillating scalar field into relativistic plasma and cold dark matter. After reheating, we find that subhorizon perturbations in the decay-produced dark matter density are significantly enhanced, while subhorizon radiation perturbations are instead suppressed. If dark matter originates in the radiation bath after reheating, this suppression may be the primary cutoff in the matter power spectrum. Conversely, for dark matter produced nonthermally from scalar decay, enhanced perturbations can drive structure formation during the cosmic dark ages and dramatically increase the abundance of compact substructures. For low reheat temperatures, we find that as much as 50% of all dark matter is in microhalos with M 0.1M· at z 100, compared to a fraction of ∼10 -10 in the standard case. In this scenario, ultradense substructures may constitute a large fraction of dark matter in galaxies today.
Family and Larger-Than-Family Farms: Their Relative Position in American Agriculture
Creators: name: Nikolitch, Radoje
name: Nikolitch, Radoje
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Farm Management
Production Economics

description: Excerpt from the report Highlights: An overwhelming majority of United States farms are family—operated; the larger-than-family farms represent only a small proportion of all farms. Thus, in 1954, there were 24 family farms for each larger-than-family farm. Dominance of family farms was most pronounced in the Lake States, the Com Belt, and the Northern Plains, where there were 48 family farms for each larger-than-family farm. It was least pronounced in the Mountain and Pacific Regions, where there were only 9 family farms for each larger-than-family farm. The proportion of family farms increased from 95.2 percent of all farms in 1944 to 96 percent in 1954. This increase was most marked with respect to large commercial farms. In 1954, family farms constituted 86.6 percent of all farms with $5,000 or more of farm marketings, as compared with 83 percent in 1949. The number of family farms selling $5,000 or more of farm products increased from 1 million in 1949 to 1.2 million in 1954 — a 20-percent increase. In contrast, large-than-family farms with these marketings decreased for the same period from 202,000 to 174,000 — a 14-percent decline. The increasing proportion of family farms, especially in the larger producing groups, was evident also in all main farming regions. Again, the largest increase was registered in the Lake States, the Corn Belt, and the Northern Plains, and the smallest in the Mountain and Pacific Regions.
Astrometric microlensing by local dark matter subhalos
Creators: name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Law, N.M.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2011

description: High-resolution N-body simulations of dark matter halos indicate that the Milky Way contains numerous subhalos. When a dark matter subhalo passes in front of a star, the light from that star will be deflected by gravitational lensing, leading to a small change in the star's apparent position. This astrometric microlensing signal depends on the inner density profile of the subhalo and can be greater than a few microarcseconds for an intermediate-mass subhalo (M vir ≳ 104 M ⊙) passing within arcseconds of a star. Current and near-future instruments could detect this signal, and we evaluate the Space Interferometry Mission's (SIM's), Gaia's, and ground-based telescopes' potential as subhalo detectors. We develop a general formalism to calculate a subhalo's astrometric lensing cross section over a wide range of masses and density profiles, and we calculate the lensing event rate by extrapolating the subhalo mass function predicted by simulations down to the subhalo masses potentially detectable with this technique. We find that, although the detectable event rates are predicted to be low on the basis of current simulations, lensing events may be observed if the central regions of dark matter subhalos are more dense than current models predict (≳1 M ⊙ within 0.1 pc of the subhalo center). Furthermore, targeted astrometric observations can be used to confirm the presence of a nearby subhalo detected by gamma-ray emission. We show that, for sufficiently steep density profiles, ground-based adaptive optics astrometric techniques could be capable of detecting intermediate-mass subhalos at distances of hundreds of parsecs, while SIM could detect smaller and more distant subhalos.
Resolving the AGN and host emission in the mid-infrared using a model-independent spectral decomposition
Creators: name: Hernán-Caballero, Antonio
name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
name: Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia
name: Spoon, Henrik W. W.
name: Almeida, Cristina Ramos
name: Santos, Tanio Díaz
name: Hönig, Sebastian F.
name: González-Martín, Omaira
name: Esquej, Pilar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on the spectral decomposition of 118 Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectra from local active galactic nuclei (AGN) using a large set of Spitzer/IRS spectra as templates. The templates are themselves IRS spectra from extreme cases where a single physical component (stellar, interstellar, or AGN) completely dominates the integrated mid-infrared emission. We show that a linear combination of one template for each physical component reproduces the observed IRS spectra of AGN hosts with unprecedented fidelity for a template fitting method, with no need to model extinction separately. We use full probability distribution functions to estimate expectation values and uncertainties for observables, and find that the decomposition results are robust against degeneracies. Furthermore, we compare the AGN spectra derived from the spectral decomposition with sub-arcsecond resolution nuclear photometry and spectroscopy from ground-based observations. We find that the AGN component derived from the decomposition closely matches the nuclear spectrum, with a 1-sigma dispersion of 0.12 dex in luminosity and typical uncertainties of ~0.19 in the spectral index and ~0.1 in the silicate strength. We conclude that the emission from the host galaxy can be reliably removed from the IRS spectra of AGN. This allows for unbiased studies of the AGN emission in intermediate and high redshift galaxies -currently inaccesible to ground-based observations- with archival Spitzer/IRS data and in the future with the Mid-InfraRed Instrument of the James Webb Space Telescope. The decomposition code and templates are available at http://www.denebola.org/ahc/deblendIRS.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 4 of Daily routine disruptions and psychiatric symptoms amid COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 0.9 million individuals in 32 countries
Creators: name: Liu, Huinan
name: Tao, Tiffany Junchen
name: Chan, Selina Kit Yi
name: Ma, Jeremy Chi Him
name: Lau, Abby Yan Tung
name: Yeung, Ernest Tsun Fung
name: Hobfoll, Stevan E.
name: Hou, Wai Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Material 4. Critical appraisal in individual studies.
Evaluating the gut hormone response following bariatric surgery and in response to oral bile acids
Creators: name: Malallah, Khalefah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Obesity is a global disease and is responsible for a great deal of morbidity and mortality across the world. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity, and is also highly effective at treating obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery’s beneficial effects are mediated by gut hormones such as Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), Oxyntomodulin (OXM) and Peptide YY (PYY), and bile acids. These mediators regulate metabolism, increase satiety, and reduce appetite, and increase energy expenditure leading to weight loss. In this thesis, I have investigated the acute effect of two bile acids, Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), on glucose and gut hormones on healthy volunteers following a meal. CDCA has shown to augment postprandial secretion of gut hormones, while GLP-1 and OXM were also increased in the fasting state. This was also reflected on increasing insulin sensitivity after a meal. These results can play a vital role in better understanding and developing a new treatment for obesity and/or diabetes. My second study focused on understanding the aetiology of poor response to bariatric surgery. By measuring the level of gut hormones (GLP-1, OXM and PYY, termed ‘GOP”) following a meal and the measuring the sensitivity of post bariatric patients to the action of a subcutaneous gut hormone infusion, I aimed to differentiate between good or poor response in these patients. I did not see a significant difference in gut hormones secretions between responders and non-responders, but infusion of GOP or GLP-1 infusions reduced the glucose level in both groups and insulin was attenuated with GOP infusion only. However, both groups did not show any difference in level of energy expenditure, satiety, or food intake. These findings will need further investigation to understand better the role of bile acids and gut hormones in tackling obesity, and the development of pharmacological treatments for obesity.
A scale-dependent power asymmetry from isocurvature perturbations
Creators: name: Kamionkowski, M.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Hirata, C.M.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2009

description: If the hemispherical power asymmetry observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on large angular scales is attributable to a superhorizon curvaton fluctuation, then the simplest model predicts that the primordial density fluctuations should be similarly asymmetric on all smaller scales. The distribution of high-redshift quasars was recently used to constrain the power asymmetry on scales k□1.5hMpc-1, and the upper bound on the amplitude of the asymmetry was found to be a factor of 6 smaller than the amplitude of the asymmetry in the CMB. We show that it is not possible to generate an asymmetry with this scale dependence by changing the relative contributions of the inflaton and curvaton to the adiabatic power spectrum. Instead, we consider curvaton scenarios in which the curvaton decays after dark matter freezes out, thus generating isocurvature perturbations. If there is a superhorizon fluctuation in the curvaton field, then the rms amplitude of these perturbations will be asymmetric, and the asymmetry will be most apparent on large angular scales in the CMB. We find that it is only possible to generate the observed asymmetry in the CMB while satisfying the quasar constraint if the curvaton's contribution to the total dark matter density is small, but nonzero. The model also requires that the majority of the primordial power comes from fluctuations in the inflaton field. Future observations and analyses of the CMB will test this model because the power asymmetry generated by this model has a specific spectrum, and the model requires that the current upper bounds on isocurvature power are nearly saturated.
Robotic Vision for Human-Robot Interaction and Collaboration: A Survey and Systematic Review
Creators: name: Robinson, Nicole
name: Tidd, Brendan
name: Campbell, Dylan
name: Kulić, Dana
name: Corke, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robotic vision for human-robot interaction and collaboration is a critical process for robots to collect and interpret detailed information related to human actions, goals, and preferences, enabling robots to provide more useful services to people. This survey and systematic review presents a comprehensive analysis on robotic vision in human-robot interaction and collaboration over the last 10 years. From a detailed search of 3850 articles, systematic extraction and evaluation was used to identify and explore 310 papers in depth. These papers described robots with some level of autonomy using robotic vision for locomotion, manipulation and/or visual communication to collaborate or interact with people. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of current trends, common domains, methods and procedures, technical processes, data sets and models, experimental testing, sample populations, performance metrics and future challenges. This manuscript found that robotic vision was often used in action and gesture recognition, robot movement in human spaces, object handover and collaborative actions, social communication and learning from demonstration. Few high-impact and novel techniques from the computer vision field had been translated into human-robot interaction and collaboration. Overall, notable advancements have been made on how to develop and deploy robots to assist people.
A Topological Proof for a Version of Artin's Induction Theorem
Creators: name: Saadetoğlu, Müge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a Euler characteristic $χ(X,G)$ for a finite cell complex $X$ with a finite group $G$ acting cellularly on it. Then, each $K_{i}(X)$ (a complex vector space with basis the $i$-cells of $X$) is a representation of $G$, and we define $χ(X,G)$ to be the alternating sum of the representations $K_{i}(X)$, as elements of the representation ring $R(G)$ of $G$. By adapting the ordinary proof that the alternating sum of the dimensions of the chain complexes is equal to the alternating sum of the dimensions of the homology groups, we prove that there is another definition of $χ(X,G)$ with the alternating sum of the representations $H_i(X)$, again as elements of the representation ring $R(G)$. We also show that the character of this virtual representation $χ(X,G)$, with respect to a given element $g$, is just the ordinary Euler characteristic of the fixed-point set by this element. Finally, we give a topological proof of a version of Artin's induction theorem. More precisely, we show that, if $G$ is a group with an irreducible representation of dimension greater than 1, then each character of $G$ is a linear combination with rational coefficients of characters induced up from characters of proper subgroups of $G$.
Galaxy evolution in the mid-infrared green valley: a case of the A2199 supercluster
Creators: name: Lee, Gwang-Ho
name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Ko, Jongwan
name: Sohn, Jubee
name: Shim, Hyunjin
name: Diaferio, Antonaldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mid-infrared (MIR) properties of the galaxies in the A2199 supercluster at z = 0.03 to understand the star formation activity of galaxy groups and clusters in the supercluster environment. Using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data, we find no dependence of mass-normalized integrated SFRs of galaxy groups/clusters on their virial masses. We classify the supercluster galaxies into three classes in the MIR color-luminosity diagram: MIR blue cloud (massive, quiescent and mostly early-type), MIR star-forming sequence (mostly late-type), and MIR green valley galaxies. These MIR green valley galaxies are distinguishable from the optical green valley galaxies, in the sense that they belong to the optical red sequence. We find that the fraction of each MIR class does not depend on virial mass of each group/cluster. We compare the cumulative distributions of surface galaxy number density and cluster/group-centric distance for the three MIR classes. MIR green valley galaxies show the distribution between MIR blue cloud and MIR SF sequence galaxies. However, if we fix galaxy morphology, early- and late-type MIR green valley galaxies show different distributions. Our results suggest a possible evolutionary scenario of these galaxies: 1) Late-type MIR SF sequence galaxies -> 2) Late-type MIR green valley galaxies -> 3) Early-type MIR green valley galaxies -> 4) Early-type MIR blue cloud galaxies. In this sequence, star formation of galaxies is quenched before the galaxies enter the MIR green valley, and then morphological transformation occurs in the MIR green valley.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Leveraging Optical Communication Fiber and AI for Distributed Water Pipe Leak Detection
Creators: name: Wu, Huan
name: Duan, Huan-Feng
name: Lai, Wallace W. L.
name: Zhu, Kun
name: Cheng, Xin
name: Yin, Hao
name: Zhou, Bin
name: Lai, Chun-Cheung
name: Lu, Chao
name: Ding, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Detecting leaks in water networks is a costly challenge. This article introduces a practical solution: the integration of optical network with water networks for efficient leak detection. Our approach uses a fiber-optic cable to measure vibrations, enabling accurate leak identification and localization by an intelligent algorithm. We also propose a method to access leak severity for prioritized repairs. Our solution detects even small leaks with flow rates as low as 0.027 L/s. It offers a cost-effective way to improve leak detection, enhance water management, and increase operational efficiency.
description: Accepted
Additional file 5 of Daily routine disruptions and psychiatric symptoms amid COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 0.9 million individuals in 32 countries
Creators: name: Liu, Huinan
name: Tao, Tiffany Junchen
name: Chan, Selina Kit Yi
name: Ma, Jeremy Chi Him
name: Lau, Abby Yan Tung
name: Yeung, Ernest Tsun Fung
name: Hobfoll, Stevan E.
name: Hou, Wai Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Supplementary Material 5. Descriptive details of individual studies included in the meta-analysis (53 studies, 51 independent samples).
Resource Requirements on Farms for Specified Operator Incomes
Creators: name: Barnhill, Harold E.
name: Barnhill, Harold E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Farm Management
Production Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The central purpose of the study on which this report is based was to determine the minimum complement of resources needed to enable farm operators to achieve specified levels of earnings for their labor and management. To carry out this purpose, 8 types of farms were budgeted for 4 levels of operator earnings in 15 selected areas. The budgets describe resource requirements for efficiently organized farms making full use of improved practices and available technology. For this reason, the budgets may characterize rather closely the more progressive and adequate-size farms in agriculture, although they do not necessarily describe current production and income relationships on average or typical farms.
Co-attention Graph Pooling for Efficient Pairwise Graph Interaction Learning
Creators: name: Lee, Junhyun
name: Kim, Bumsoo
name: Jeon, Minji
name: Kang, Jaewoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be effective in processing and learning from graph-structured data. However, previous works mainly focused on understanding single graph inputs while many real-world applications require pair-wise analysis for graph-structured data (e.g., scene graph matching, code searching, and drug-drug interaction prediction). To this end, recent works have shifted their focus to learning the interaction between pairs of graphs. Despite their improved performance, these works were still limited in that the interactions were considered at the node-level, resulting in high computational costs and suboptimal performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel and efficient graph-level approach for extracting interaction representations using co-attention in graph pooling. Our method, Co-Attention Graph Pooling (CAGPool), exhibits competitive performance relative to existing methods in both classification and regression tasks using real-world datasets, while maintaining lower computational complexity.
description: Published at IEEE Access
A hemispherical power asymmetry from inflation
Creators: name: Kamionkowski, M.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Carroll, S.M.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2008

description: Measurements of cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe indicate that the fluctuation amplitude in one half of the sky differs from the amplitude in the other half. We show that such an asymmetry cannot be generated during single-field slow-roll inflation without violating constraints to the homogeneity of the Universe. In contrast, a multifield inflationary theory, the curvaton model, can produce this power asymmetry without violating the homogeneity constraint. The mechanism requires the introduction of a large-amplitude superhorizon perturbation to the curvaton field, possibly a preinflationary remnant or a superhorizon curvaton-web structure. The model makes several predictions, including non-Gaussianity and modifications to the inflationary consistency relation, that will be tested with forthcoming cosmic microwave background experiments.
Victims of Racial Profiling Article.pdf
Creators: name: Watty, Shannon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 189999 Law and Legal Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: 180119 Law and Society

description: This paper explores material from several online publications in an effort to provide in-depth information regarding victims of racial profiling. The three important factors were: victims of racial profiling experience frequent stops by police, higher incarceration rates, as well as being susceptible to police misconduct or injustice. Due to the fact that these factors directly impact minorities, or African-Americans, the paper allows for a level of clarity in understanding why the distrust between the African-American Community and law enforcement officials continues to exist. Meadows (2014) is among other cited sources used to provide information pertinent to the research paper, which allows for a detailed understanding of the prevalent issue at hand.
 This paper also examines the diverse relationship which is present between law enforcement and the African-American community, in comparison to law enforcement and the White community. Data was made available through the A.C Lewis Library’s electronic databases, as well as other online publications and through the use of secondary data analysis, information relevant to the topic were examined and documented.
Comparing the effectiveness of pterostilbene and sitagliptin on modulating inflammatory levels and inducing autophagy to improve atherosclerosis outcome: A preclinical study in rabbits
Creators: name: Sahib, Hussam
name: Mohammad, Bassim
name: Hadi, Najah
name: Al-Shaibany, Azhar
name: Philip, Anil
name: Mohammed, Wisam
name: Jamil, Dina
name: Al-Aubaidy, Hayder
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences

description: Background: Inflammation is the key contributor to the development of atherosclerotic plague. This study aims to evaluate the protective and autophagy induction properties of pterostilbene and sitagliptin on modulating the degree of atherosclerosis in rabbit models treated with an atherogenic diet. Methods: 80 rabbits were randomly placed into one of four study groups (20 in each group): normal control diet (NC) fed normal diet for eight weeks, atherogenic control (AC) fed atherogenic diet for eight weeks, pterostilbene treated group (PT) fed atherogenic diet with pterostilbene (at 10 mg/kg/day) orally daily for eight weeks, and sitagliptin treated group (ST) fed atherogenic diet with sitagliptin (at 12 mg/kg/day) orally daily for eight weeks. Results: While serum lipids and F2-isoprostane were elevated significantly in the AC study cohort compared to NC study cohort, (P < 0.001), both pterostilbene and sitagliptin supplementations provided significant improvements in serum lipid parameters and F2-isoprostane in the PT study cohort and ST study cohort, respectively, when compared to the AC study cohort, (P<0.001). Total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels were significantly reduced among the PT and ST study cohorts as compared to the AC study cohort. This was coupled with a significant rise in LC3B levels (marker of tissue autophagy) among the PT study cohort and the ST study cohort, as compared to the AC study cohort, (P < 0.001). The RNA expression of mTORC1 was reduced significantly at both PT study cohort and ST study cohort, (P<0.001). Pterostilbene supplementation induced a significant reduction in tissue expression of PI3K and AKT, (P<0.01), while sitagliptin induced significant reduction in 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, (P<0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate that pterostilbene and/or sitagliptin supplementation can significantly improve the outcome of atherosclerosis due to their effects on the inflammatory pathways which hinder the progression of atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Superhorizon perturbations and the cosmic microwave background
Creators: name: Kamionkowski, M.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Carroll, S.M.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2008

description: Superhorizon perturbations induce large-scale temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) via the Grishchuk-Zel'dovich effect. We analyze the CMB temperature anisotropies generated by a single-mode adiabatic superhorizon perturbation. We show that an adiabatic superhorizon perturbation in a ΛCDM universe does not generate a CMB temperature dipole, and we derive constraints to the amplitude and wavelength of a superhorizon potential perturbation from measurements of the CMB quadrupole and octupole. We also consider constraints to a superhorizon fluctuation in the curvaton field, which was recently proposed as a source of the hemispherical power asymmetry in the CMB.
Hubble tension as a guide for refining the early Universe: Cosmologies with explicit local Lorentz and diffeomorphism violation
Creators: name: Khodadi, Mohsen
name: Schreck, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is dedicated to assessing modified cosmological settings based on the gravitational Standard-Model Extension (SME). Our analysis rests upon the Hubble tension (HT), which is a discrepancy between the observational determination of the Hubble parameter via data from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Type Ia supernovae, respectively. While the latter approach is model-independent, the former highly depends on the model used to describe the physics of the early Universe. Motivated by the HT, we take into account two recently introduced cosmological models as test frameworks of the pre-CMB era. These settings involve local Lorentz and diffeomorphism violation parameterized by nondynamical SME background fields $s_{00}$ and $s^{ij}$, respectively. We aim at explaining the tension in the measured results of the cosmic expansion rate in early and late epochs by resorting to these two modified cosmologies as potential descriptions of the pre-CMB era. As long as the HT does not turn out to be a merely systematic effect, it can serve as a criterion for exploring regions of the parameter space in certain pre-CMB new-physics candidates such as SME cosmologies. By setting extracted limits on SME coefficients into perspective with already existing bounds in the literature, we infer that none of the aforementioned models are suitable pre-CMB candidates for fixing the HT. In this way, new physics arising from the particular realizations of Lorentz and diffeomorphism violation studied in this paper does not explain the HT. Our paper exemplifies how to exploit this discrepancy as a novel possibility of refining our description of the early Universe.
description: 14 pages (two columns)
Additional file 6 of Daily routine disruptions and psychiatric symptoms amid COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 0.9 million individuals in 32 countries
Creators: name: Liu, Huinan
name: Tao, Tiffany Junchen
name: Chan, Selina Kit Yi
name: Ma, Jeremy Chi Him
name: Lau, Abby Yan Tung
name: Yeung, Ernest Tsun Fung
name: Hobfoll, Stevan E.
name: Hou, Wai Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary Material 6. Forest plot for effect sizes of the association between daily routine disruptions (combined across types) and psychiatric symptoms.
Zukunft machen. Veranstaltungskonzepte für die Umsetzungsphase der Zukunftsstadt Dresden
Creators: name: Neumann, Marie
name: Wagner, Christiane
name: Behnisch, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: transdisciplinary methods
co-production
real-world laboratory
city of the future

description: In the third phase of the real-world laboratory "Dresden - City of the Future" ten project ideas got implement as transition experiments. This project deliverable illustrates different workshop formats for fostering the community spirit, supporting networking and reflecting on the process.
description: Diesem Bericht zugrunde liegende Vorhaben wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung unter den Förderkennzeichen 13ZS0057A, 13ZS0057B und 13ZS0057C gefördert.
Peanut-Cotton Farms Organization, Costs, and Returns, Southern Coastal Plains, 1944-60
Creators: name: Brown, W. Herbert
name: Brown, W. Herbert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Production Economics

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: The number of field crop and general farms in the southern Coastal Plains reported by the census declined about two-thirds from 1945 to 1959. These are chiefly peanut-cotton farms. The reduction resulted from a decline in the number of sharecroppers, the conversion of small commercial farms into part-time farms and rural residences, farm consolidation, and the changing of some of these farms to other types of commercial farming. Net farm incomes on peanut-cotton farms varied from a low of $1,500 per farm in 1946 to a high of $3,467 in 1958. Net incomes on these farms were generally low compared with incomes on other major types of farms in the United States for which comparable data are available. The return per $100 invested is as high as on most other farm types, but the size of farm is so small that the annual income is relatively low.
Reply to "Comment on 'Solar System constraints to general f(R) gravity'"
Creators: name: Smith, T.L.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Chiba, T.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2008

description: Here we respond to the Comment by Faraoni and Lanahan-Tremblay on our paper. We show that the criticisms of our paper presented in this Comment are incorrect.
Effect of the Pilot Food Stamp Program on Retail Food Store Sales
Creators: name: Frye, Robert E.
name: Frye, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: Dollar sales of retail stores in the pilot Food Stamp Program were up 8 percent, after adjustment for seasonal variation, from sales reported prior to initiation of the Program, according to data from a representative sample of stores in areas of Detroit, Mich., and selected counties in Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Sample stores from which sales information was obtained accounted for from 50 percent to nearly all of estimated total retail food store sales in all areas except Detroit where the test sample of stores was drawn to represent only low income-sections of the city. Combined sales data from all test areas indicated that after the introduction of food coupons, both meat and produce sales increased in about the same proportion as total sales. Sales of products classified as groceries and all other items were 9 percent higher in September-October, 1961 than in April-May, 1961, before coupons were introduced. Dairy products, eggs, and in some instances frozen foods, were among the items included in this group.
Food Consumption and Dietary Levels Under the Pilot Food Stamp Program: Detroit, Michigan, and Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Creators: name: Reese, Robert B.
name: Adelson, Sadye F.
name: Reese, Robert B.
name: Adelson, Sadye F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: The dual objectives of the Food Stamp Program as stated are to expand markets for agricultural products and to improve diets by increasing the ability of needy families to purchase more and better foods. Preliminary findings from surveys of food consumption by low-income families in 2 pilot areas in which studies were made indicate that the Program has made substantial progress in attaining both objectives. The market for food was expanded among needy families. Program participants consumed food that was greater in quantity and money value in the Program period than previously. During September and October 1961, urban recipients of food coupons in Detroit consumed foods with a money value 34 percent higher than during April and May, the preprogram period. Among rural recipients in Fayette County, Pa,, an increase of 9 percent was found.
Optimising Highly-Parallel Simulation-Based Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems
Creators: name: Mancini, Toni
name: Melatti, Igor
name: Tronci, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6.4; I.6.7; D.2.4; D.2.5; J.7
subject: 68Q60, 68N30, 93-08, 93-10

description: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), comprising both software and physical components, arise in many industry-relevant domains and are often mission- or safety-critical. System-Level Verification (SLV) of CPSs aims at certifying that given (e.g., safety or liveness) specifications are met, or at estimating the value of some KPIs, when the system runs in its operational environment, i.e., in presence of inputs (from users or other systems) and/or of additional, uncontrolled disturbances. To enable SLV of complex systems from the early design phases, the currently most adopted approach envisions the simulation of a system model under the (time bounded) operational scenarios of interest. Simulation-based SLV can be computationally prohibitive (years of sequential simulation), since model simulation is computationally intensive and the set of scenarios of interest can huge. We present a technique that, given a collection of scenarios of interest (extracted from mass-storage databases or from symbolic structures, e.g., constraint-based scenario generators), computes parallel shortest simulation campaigns, which drive a possibly large number of system model simulators running in parallel in a HPC infrastructure through all (and only) those scenarios in the user-defined (possibly random) order, by wisely avoiding multiple simulations of repeated trajectories, thus minimising the overall completion time, compatibly with the available simulator memory capacity. Our experiments on Modelica/FMU and Simulink case study models with up to ~200 million scenarios show that our optimisation yields speedups as high as 8x. This, together with the enabled massive parallelisation, makes practically viable (a few weeks in a HPC infrastructure) verification tasks (both statistical and exhaustive, with respect to the given set of scenarios) which would otherwise take inconceivably long time.
Recommendation System Using Factorization Model and MapReduce Framework
Creators: name: Giri, Nabin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Recommendation System, MapReduce, Machine Learning, Big Data, Thesis

description: Recommendation System is a subclass of information filtering system which helps us to predict the rating for an item based on the information available of user and items itself. Based on those ratings, we provide personalized recommendation to user about the items. Recommendation System helps to increase the decision making capacity for users and increases the product sales for an ecommerce website. However, building a recommendation system has two major challenges, one being that there are many algorithms we want to use and each one of them have their own advantages and drawbacks. Secondly, the system has to deal with large user and item data. In this thesis, we define a model which is capable of processing different collaborative filtering algorithm simultaneously. Furthermore, in order to handle large user and item data, we use MapReduce framework. We have performed experiments on the model and interesting results on the relative performance measures are shown at the end of the thesis. The source code and feature data are publicly available on GitHub: https://github.com/nabingiri/recommendation-system
description: Three-minute thesis presentation available at : https://youtu.be/KVL9eQ35YSY
Zukunft planen. Veranstaltungskonzepte für die Planungsphase der Zukunftsstadt Dresden
Creators: name: Neumann, Marie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: transdisciplinary methods
real-world laboratory
city of the future

description: In the second phase of the real-world laboratory "City of the Future Dresden" different workshops got conducted for collecting different project ideas, together with the citizens of Dresden. In this project deliverable the workshop formats are illustrated.
description: Diesem Bericht zugrunde liegende Vorhaben wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung unter den Förderkennzeichen 13ZS0057A, 13ZS0057B und 13ZS0057C gefördert.
A complete census of silicate features in the mid-infrared spectra of active galaxies
Creators: name: Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia
name: Hernán-Caballero, Antonio
name: Feltre, Anna
name: Piñol-Ferrer, Nuria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of the silicate features at 9.7 and 18 micron of a sample of almost 800 active galactic nuclei (AGN) with available spectra from the Spitzer InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS). We measure the strength of the silicate feature at 9.7 micron, S9.7, before and after subtracting the host galaxy emission from the IRS spectra. The numbers of type 1 and 2 AGN with the feature in emission increase by 20 and 50%, respectively, once the host galaxy is removed, while 35% of objects with the feature originally in absorption exhibit it in even deeper absorption. The peak of S9.7, lambda_peak, has a bimodal distribution when the feature is in emission, with about 65% of the cases showing lambda_peak > 10.2 micron. Silicates can appear in emission in objects with mid-infrared (MIR) luminosity spanning over six orders of magnitude. The derived distributions of the strength of the silicate features at 9.7 and 18 micron provide a solid test bed for modeling the dust distribution in AGN. Clumpiness is needed in order to produce absorption features in unobscured AGN and can also cause the silicates to be in absorption at 9.7 micron and in emission at 18 micron in type 1 sources. We find the `cosmic' silicates of Ossenkopf et al. to be more consistent with the observations than Draine's `astronomical' silicates. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a foreground absorber to explain the deep silicate absorption features in the MIR spectra of some type 2 AGN.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 7 of Daily routine disruptions and psychiatric symptoms amid COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 0.9 million individuals in 32 countries
Creators: name: Liu, Huinan
name: Tao, Tiffany Junchen
name: Chan, Selina Kit Yi
name: Ma, Jeremy Chi Him
name: Lau, Abby Yan Tung
name: Yeung, Ernest Tsun Fung
name: Hobfoll, Stevan E.
name: Hou, Wai Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 7: Supplementary Material 7. Funnel plots.