cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards a reduced phase space quantization in loop quantum cosmology with an inflationary potential
Creators: name: Giesel, Kristina
name: Li, Bao-Fei
name: Singh, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a reduced phase space quantization of loop quantum cosmology (LQC) for a spatially flat FLRW universe filled with reference fields and an inflaton field in a Starobinsky inflationary potential. We consider three separate cases in which the reference fields are taken to be the Gaussian dust, the Brown-Kuchař dust, and massless Klein-Gordon scalar reference fields respectively. This is a "two-fluid" model in which reference fields act as global clocks providing a physical time in an inflationary spacetime, and allow bypassing various technical hurdles in conventional quantum cosmological models. The reduced phase space is obtained in terms of the Dirac observables of the gravitational as well as the inflaton degrees of freedom. The physical Hamiltonians of the two dust models take the same form but turn out to be quite different from that of the Klein-Gordon reference field which reflects an aspect of the multiple choice problem of time. Loop quantization is implemented using the so-called $\bar μ$ scheme and the Schrödinger equations involving the physical Hamiltonian operators generating the evolution in the physical time in the dust and massless Klein-Gordon models are obtained. These turn out to be quantum difference equations with same non-singular structure as for other models in LQC. We study some phenomenological implications of the quantization using the effective dynamics resulting from the reduced phase space quantization including the resolution of the big bang singularity via a quantum bounce, and effects of the different reference fields on e-foldings in both the pre-inflationary and the slow-roll inflationary phases. We find that different clocks, even when starting with a small but same energy density, can leave tiny but different imprints on the inflationary dynamics. (abridged)
description: Revised shorter version with no change in results. Figures updated. References added. To appear in Phys. Rev. D
Design of a Rocketsonde Buoy System for collecting weather sounding data
Creators: name: Readyhough, Catherine Ene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A Rocketsonde-Buoy System is presented as a possible solution to the problem of gathering atmospheric data over large bodies of water, such as oceans. This system consists of a series of deep-ocean buoys at fixed locations, each containing a battery of weather instrumentation rockets, called rocketsondes. Each buoy will autonomously fire a rocketsonde daily that will parachute down while transmitting local atmospheric data. The goal of the research is to prove that this system is technologically feasible. The main focus is to design an appropriate rocket and guarantee that it will launch vertically even during severe winter storm conditions. Simulations and experimental tests indicate that it is feasible to design an appropriate rocket for this system. The rocket will use a fast-burning, K class solid propellant motor to reach the desired 6km altitude and cut through the wind conditions. The dual diameter body will be made from aluminum, which is degradable in sea water, and will have 6 fixed fins. This rocket can be stored and launched from a 4" diameter tube, which improves the ability for the system to be easily weatherproofed. However, due to weight issues, the system will only be able to hold 200 of these rockets, rather than the desired 400. A prototype launch control system was also developed, implementing a 3-axis orientation sensor to track buoy motion. Tests demonstrated that the system is capable of launching the prototype rocket near-vertical in rocking conditions equivalent to the worst likely to be faced by the Rocketsonde Buoy System. The launch control system also identifies launch opportunities in wave troughs, where there is less wind to affect the rocket's initial flight. An optimization program is also implemented to change the maximum acceptable launch angle based on current wave conditions.
Análise térmica de pilares de aço expostos a incêndios localizados
Creators: name: Ferraz, Gonçalo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Nos últimos anos têm sido realizados vários trabalhos de investigação no âmbito do comportamento de vigas metálicas expostas a incêndios localizados. Estes trabalhos deram origem aos métodos simplificados para o cálculo das temperaturas em lajes e vigas apresentados na EN 1991-1-2:2002. No entanto, ainda não existem modelos para o cálculo das temperaturas em pilares de aço. O trabalho aqui apresentado debruça-se sobre a análise térmica em pilares de aço expostos a incêndios localizados, apresentando-se uma campanha experimental à escala real em pilares tubulares de aço nesta situação. De modo a estabelecer correlações de transferência de calor, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: carga térmica, posições do incêndio e condições de ventilação. Os resultados experimentais foram analisados e comparados com os obtidos analiticamente.
NORC In Focus 2018: Campaign Evaluations in West Virginia, Illinois, and Nevada Wave 2
Creators: name: NORC
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Registered to vote (2); likelihood of voting in 2018 midterm election (1); how often vote (1); direction country is headed (1); direction state is headed (1); plan to vote for United Stated Representative Jacky Rosen vs. US Senator Dean Heller for US Senate (2); plan to vote for Steve Sisolak vs. Attorney General of Nevada Adam Laxalt for governor (2); plan to vote for Jay Robert Pritzker vs. Governor Bruce Rauner for governor of Illinois (2); plan to vote for US Senator Joe Manchin III vs. Attorney General of West Virginia Patrick Morrisey for US Senate election (2); West Virginia Amendment 1 (No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure) (5); favorable/unfavorable impression of various political figures/organizations (10); interest in midterm elections (1); how midterm elections make you feel (9); President Donald Trump job approval (1); Congressional job approval (1); Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination (1); impact of various issues on vote (9); how often you have heard candidates or campaigns discuss issues (54); Jacky Rosen vs. Dean Heller on various issues (5); Jacky Rosen's position on various issues (5); Dean Heller's position on various issues (5); Pritzker position on various issues (5); Rauner position on various issues (3); Pritzker vs. Rauner on various issues (3); Manchin's position on various issues (6); Morrisey's position on various issues (6); Manchin vs. Morrisey on various issues (5); participated in politics in ways other than voting (14); methods of gathering and sharing information about politics (13); how many times you have been contacted by organizations or groups about election (47); asked to make donation to campaigns (19); contacted on social media encouraging you to support candidates (19); importance of traits in deciding vote (8); Rosen traits (7); Heller traits (7); Pritzker traits (7); Rauner traits (7); Manchin traits (7); Morrissey traits (7); impact of issues on voting for major offices (5); abortion (5); how often attend religious services (1); have had/know someone who has had abortion (1).
Fast-Forward on the Green Road to Open Access: The Case Against Mixing Up Green and Gold
Creators: name: Harnad, Stevan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article is a critique of: "The 'Green' and 'Gold' Roads to Open Access: The Case for Mixing and Matching" by Jean-Claude Guedon (in Serials Review 30(4) 2004). Open Access (OA) means: free online access to all peer-reviewed journal articles. Jean-Claude Guedon argues against the efficacy of author self-archiving of peer-reviewed journal articles (the "Green" road to OA). He suggests instead that we should convert to Open Access Publishing (the "Golden" road to OA) by "mixing and matching" Green and Gold as follows: o First, self-archive dissertations (not published, peer-reviewed journal articles). o Second, identify and tag how those dissertations have been evaluated and reviewed. o Third, self-archive unrefereed preprints (not published, peer-reviewed journal articles). o Fourth, develop new mechanisms for evaluating and reviewing those unrefereed preprints, at multiple levels. The result will be OA Publishing (Gold). I argue that rather than yet another 10 years of speculation like this, what is actually needed (and imminent) is for OA self-archiving to be mandated by research funders and institutions so that the self-archiving of published, peer-reviewed journal articles (Green) can be fast-forwarded to 100% OA.
Trends in Industry Payments to Cardiologists From 2014 to 2019
Creators: name: Purkayastha, Subhanik
name: Ying, Xiaohan
name: Zhang, Ruimin
name: Li, Sunnie
name: Kahn, Peter A.
name: Qu, Veronica
name: Kini, Vinay
name: Zhang, Ruina
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2023

description:
While industry-physician collaborations can drive crucial scientific discoveries, indiscriminate financial relationships may introduce bias and overutilization in patient care. In an effort to increase the transparency of industry payments to physicians, the Open Payments Program (OPP) was established and publishes data on industry-physician financial interactions. The effect of OPP on the field of cardiology is not fully understood. We sought to examine  contemporary trends in the proportion and characteristics of cardiologists receiving general industry payments.
Marginal Propensity to Consume for a Sample of Kansas Farms
Creators: name: Langemeier, Michael R.
name: Snider, Lindsey
name: Langemeier, Michael R.
name: Snider, Lindsey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Farm Consumption
subject: Habit Persistence

description: This paper examined the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for a sample of Kansas farms. Sensitivity of estimated MPCs to the use of accrual net farm income, net cash farm income, and the inclusion of off-farm income was also examined. Results yielded a range of short-run MPCs from 0.011 to 0.015. Statistical tests suggested that the income coefficients used to compute short-run MPCs were not statistically different.
NORC In Focus 2018: Campaign Evaluations in West Virginia, Illinois, and Nevada Wave 3
Creators: name: NORC
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Registered to vote (2); likelihood of voting in 2018 midterm election (1); how respondent voted in midterm election (1); direction country is headed (1); direction state is headed (1); voted for United Stated Representative Jacky Rosen vs. US Senator Dean Heller for US Senate (3); reason for not voting in Senate election (2); satisfaction with outcome of Senate race (1); voted for Steve Sisolak vs. Attorney General of Nevada Adam Laxalt for governor (2); reason for not voting in election for governor (2); voted for Jay Robert Pritzker vs. Governor Bruce Rauner for governor of Illinois (1); satisfaction with outcome of election for governor (2); voted for US Senator Joe Manchin III vs. Attorney General of West Virginia Patrick Morrisey for US Senate election (1); West Virginia Amendment 1 (No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure) (22); how closely followed news about 2018 midterm election (1); President Donald Trump job performance (3); members of Congress job performance (3); importance of various issues in how respondent voted for Senate/governor (10); Jacky Rosen on various issues (9); Dean Heller on various issues (9); Pritzker on various issues (9); Rauner on various issues (9); Manchin on various issues (9); Morrisey on various issues (9); ways of participating in politics besides voting (14); methods of gathering/sharing information about politics (13); people/organizations that have contacted respondent about Senate election (23); campaigns respondent has been asked to make donations to (6); contact from campaigns on social media (4); organizations that have contacted respondent about election for governor (15); importance of various candidate traits (17); reason for position on abortion (11); reason for position on gun laws (11); satisfaction with the way various groups are treated in US Society (4); how life is impacted by issues concerning women (1); feminism (1); racism (2); Brett Kavanaugh confirmation hearings and charges of sexual assault (3); political partisanship (4); political ideology (1); own/rent home (1); health insurance coverage (1).
Density of the SO(3) TQFT representation of mapping class groups
Creators: name: Larsen, Michael
name: Wang, Zhenghan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27; 57R56

description: We show that for an odd prime r > 3 and an integer g > 1, in the projective representation given by the SO(3) Witten-Chern-Simons theory at an rth root of unity, the image of the mapping class group of a surface of genus g is dense.
description: 22 pages
Dopamine D2 receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulate alcohol-related behaviors
Creators: name: Kash, Thomas L.
name: Taxier, Lisa R.
name: Sides, Tori
name: Lee, Sophia I.
name: Conley, Sara Y.
name: Zweifel, Larry S.
name: Pati, Dipanwita
name: Hunker, Avery C.
name: Xia, Mengfan
name: Boyt, Kristen M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description:
Dysregulation of the dopamine (DA) system is a hallmark of substance use disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Of the DA receptor subtypes, the DA D2 receptors (D2Rs) play a key role in the reinforcing effects of alcohol. D2Rs are expressed in numerous brain regions associated with the regulation of appetitive behaviors. One such region is the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), which has been linked to the development and maintenance of AUD. Recently, we identified alcohol withdrawal-related neuroadaptations in the periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe to BNST DA circuit in male mice. However, the role of D2R-expressing BNST neurons in voluntary alcohol consumption is not well characterized. In this study, we used a CRISPR-Cas9-based viral approach, to selectively reduce the expression of D2Rs in BNST GABA neurons (BNST vgat Drd2) and interrogated the impact on alcohol-related behaviors. In male mice, reduced BNST vgat Drd2 expression potentiated the stimulatory effects of alcohol and increased voluntary consumption of 20% w/v alcohol in a two-bottle choice intermittent access paradigm. This effect was not specific to alcohol, as BNST vgat Drd2 knockdown also increased sucrose intake in male mice. Interestingly, reduction in BNST vgat Drd2 expression in female mice did not alter alcohol-related behaviors but lowered the threshold for mechanical pain sensitivity. Collectively, our findings suggest a role for postsynaptic BNST D2Rs in the modulation of sex-specific behavioral responses to alcohol and sucrose.
Prenatal exposure to benzodiazepine and z-hypnotics and fifth-grade scholastic skills – emulating target trials using data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
Creators: name: Gran, Jon Michael
name: Nordeng, Hedvig
name: Wood, Mollie
name: Sundbakk, Lene Maria
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description:
Evidence is limited regarding the effect of prenatal benzodiazepine and z-hypnotic exposure and long-term neurodevelopment in childhood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of initiating benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic treatment in early, mid and late pregnancy on fifth-grade numeracy and literacy scholastic skills in children, by emulating three target trials. The trials are identical except for the timing of enrollment and the number of eligible individuals. Eligibility to the trials required a history of anxiety and/or depression prior to pregnancy. We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study, linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, to emulate the trials. We adjusted for baseline covariates that were available at time 0 for each trial by inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score. The findings of this study did not show any effect of mothers' initiation of treatment with benzodiazepines or z-hypnotics in early, mid or late pregnancy on the children's 5th grade test scores in numeracy and literacy. The study results provide reassurance for patients in need of benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics during pregnancy; however, these findings need to be interpreted with caution due to low study power in some of the analyses.
Possible saturation effects at HERA and LHC in the $k_T$-factorization approach
Creators: name: Kotikov, A. V.
name: Lipatov, A. V.
name: Zotov, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider possible saturation effects in the structure function $F_L$ at fixed W in HERA energy range and in $b\bar b-$production at LHC energies in the framework of $k_T-$facrorization approach.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, prepared for the Proceedings of XXXV International Symposium on Multipaticle Dynamics 2005, Kromeriz, Czech Republic, Aug. 9-15, 2005
Trade and the Environment
Creators: name: Lopez, Ramon E.
name: Islam, Asif M.
name: Lopez, Ramon E.
name: Islam, Asif M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Trade, the exchange of goods and services across countries, is often viewed as an engine of economic growth. Benefits of liberalized trade include access to a larger variety of goods and services to consumers, easier access to foreign technologies, access to larger markets for producers, and increased efficiency in resource allocation. The impact of trade on the environment, however, is a contentious issue; air and water pollution, the degradation of natural habitats and loss of species, and global pollutants, particularly carbon dioxide emissions, are major concerns.
Highly nonlinear dipolar exciton-polaritons in bilayer MoS$_2$
Creators: name: Datta, Biswajit
name: Khatoniar, Mandeep
name: Deshmukh, Prathmesh
name: Thouin, Félix
name: Bushati, Rezlind
name: De Liberato, Simone
name: Cohen, Stephane Kena
name: Menon, Vinod M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realizing nonlinear optical response in the low photon density limit in solid-state systems has been a long-standing challenge. Semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime hosting exciton-polaritons have emerged as attractive candidates in this context. However, the weak interaction between these quasiparticles has been a hurdle in this quest. Dipolar excitons provide an attractive strategy to overcome this limitation but are often hindered by their weak oscillator strength. The interlayer dipolar excitons in naturally occurring homobilayer MoS$_2$ alleviates this issue owing to their hybridization of interlayer charge transfer exciton and intralayer B exciton. Here we demonstrate the formation of dipolar exciton polaritons in bilayer MoS$_2$ resulting in unprecedented nonlinear interaction strengths. A ten-fold increase in nonlinearity is observed for the interlayer dipolar excitons compared to the conventional A excitons. These highly nonlinear dipolar polaritons will likely be a frontrunner in the quest for solid-state quantum nonlinear devices.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures
Is SGD a Bayesian sampler? Well, almost
Creators: name: Mingard, Chris
name: Valle-Pérez, Guillermo
name: Skalse, Joar
name: Louis, Ard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Overparameterised deep neural networks (DNNs) are highly expressive and so can, in principle, generate almost any function that fits a training dataset with zero error. The vast majority of these functions will perform poorly on unseen data, and yet in practice DNNs often generalise remarkably well. This success suggests that a trained DNN must have a strong inductive bias towards functions with low generalisation error. Here we empirically investigate this inductive bias by calculating, for a range of architectures and datasets, the probability $P_{SGD}(f\mid S)$ that an overparameterised DNN, trained with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) or one of its variants, converges on a function $f$ consistent with a training set $S$. We also use Gaussian processes to estimate the Bayesian posterior probability $P_B(f\mid S)$ that the DNN expresses $f$ upon random sampling of its parameters, conditioned on $S$. Our main findings are that $P_{SGD}(f\mid S)$ correlates remarkably well with $P_B(f\mid S)$ and that $P_B(f\mid S)$ is strongly biased towards low-error and low complexity functions. These results imply that strong inductive bias in the parameter-function map (which determines $P_B(f\mid S)$), rather than a special property of SGD, is the primary explanation for why DNNs generalise so well in the overparameterised regime. While our results suggest that the Bayesian posterior $P_B(f\mid S)$ is the first order determinant of $P_{SGD}(f\mid S)$, there remain second order differences that are sensitive to hyperparameter tuning. A function probability picture, based on $P_{SGD}(f\mid S)$ and/or $P_B(f\mid S)$, can shed new light on the way that variations in architecture or hyperparameter settings such as batch size, learning rate, and optimiser choice, affect DNN performance.
Do intradot electron-electron interactions induce dephasing?
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhao-tan
name: Sun, Qing-feng
name: Xie, X. C.
name: Wang, Yupeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the degree of coherence of electronic transport through a quantum dot (QD) in the presence of an intradot electron-electron interaction. By using an open multi-terminal Aharonov-Bohm (AB) setup, we find that the intradot interaction does not induce any dephasing effect and the electron transport through the QD is fully coherent. We also observe that the asymmetric amplitude of the AB oscillation in the conductance through the two-terminal AB setup originates from the interplay between the confined structure and the electron-electron interaction. Thus, one can not associate a dephasing process with this asymmetric amplitude, as has been done in previous studies.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
WISE - A Multidisciplinary Water Research Institute in Southern Alberta
Creators: name: Smith, Elwin G.
name: Klein, Kurt K.
name: Smith, Elwin G.
name: Klein, Kurt K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Water is one of many economic drivers for southern Alberta. Industries such as intensive livestock operations and food processing depend on irrigation infrastructure for water. Lethbridge is the location most often associated with irrigation, though much of the irrigation is actually located east (Taber to Medicine Hat) and northeast (Strathmore to Brooks) of Lethbridge. Multidisciplinary research projects are needed to analyze and document the stream flow requirements of aquatic and riparian ecosystems; such research would allow the development of river regulation strategies that preserve these ecosystems. Research on water quality and water quantity is of high priority. How do dams affect downstream ecosystems in the South Saskatchewan River basin, including the Oldman, Bow and Red Deer sub-basins? How does water use affect the ecosystem? How do irrigation and intensive livestock operations affect the environment?
The influence of home versus clinic anal human papillomavirus sampling on high-resolution anoscopy uptake in the Prevent Anal Cancer Self-Swab Study
Creators: name: Fernandez, Maria E
name: Chiao, Elizabeth Y
name: Brzezinski, Bridgett
name: Nyitray, Alan G
name: Ridolfi, Timothy J
name: Nitkowski, Jenna
name: Lundeen, Sarah J
name: Schick, Vanessa
name: Smith, Jennifer S
name: Giuliano, Anna R
Publisher: name: CSIRO Publishing
Year: 2024

description:
Background Anal cancer disproportionately affects sexual and gender minority individuals living with HIV. High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) is an in-clinic procedure to detect precancerous anal lesions and cancer, yet prospective data on factors associated with HRA attendance are lacking. We examined whether anal HPV sampling at home versus in a clinic impacts HRA uptake and assessed HRA acceptability. Methods Sexual and gender minority individuals were randomised to home-based self-sampling or clinical sampling. All were asked to attend in-clinic HRA 1year later. We regressed HRA attendance on study arm using multivariable Poisson regression and assessed HRA acceptability using χ 2 tests. Results A total of 62.8% of 196 participants who engaged in screening attended HRA. Although not significant (P =0.13), a higher proportion of participants who engaged in clinic-based screening attended HRA (68.5%) compared to home-based participants (57.9%). Overall, HRA uptake was higher among participants with anal cytology history (aRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.07-1.82), and lower among participants preferring a versatile anal sex position versus insertive (aRR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.91), but did not differ by race or HIV serostatus. In the clinic arm, persons living with HIV had lower HRA attendance (42.9%) versus HIV-negative participants (73.3%) (P =0.02) and Black non-Hispanic participants had lower HRA attendance (41.7%) than White non-Hispanic participants (73.1%), (P =0.04). No differences in attendance by race or HIV status were observed in the home arm. Conclusions HRA uptake differed significantly by race and HIV status in the clinic arm but not the home arm.
Revisiting the AdS Boson Stars: the Mass-Charge Relations
Creators: name: Liu, Hai-Shan
name: Lu, H.
name: Pang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent progress in solving the large charge sector of conformal field theories, we revisit the mass-charge relation of boson stars asymptotic to global AdS. We construct and classify a large number of electrically charged boson star solutions in a toy model and two supergravity models arising from the $SU(3)$ and $U(1)^4$ truncation of $D=4$ $SO(8)$ gauged maximal supergravity. We find a simple ansatz for the chemical potential that can fit the numerical data in striking accuracy for the full range of charge. Combining with the first law of thermodynamics, we can then evaluate the mass as a function of the charge and obtain the free energy in the fixed charge ensemble. We show that in the toy model, the ground state can be either the extremal RN black hole or the boson stars depending on the parameter region. For the $SU(3)$ truncation, there always exists a boson star that has smaller free energy than the extremal RN black hole, in contrast to the $U(1)^4$ model where the extremal RN black hole is always the ground state. In all models, for boson star solutions with arbitrarily large charge, we show that the large charge expansion of the mass reproduces the same structure exhibited in the CFT side.
description: Latex, 58 pages, 26 figures. Published version
Integrating Marginal Cost into Pricing-to-market Models for U.S. Agricultural Products
Creators: name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Reed, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: This article investigates the markup pricing behaviour of U.S. exporters of agricultural products. Agricultural products studied are feed, flour, frozen potatoes, frozen orange juice, five categories of beef, five categories of pork, and two categories of chicken. The popular pricing-to-market (PTM) approach of Krugman (1987) is used to examine market power and imperfect competition for the markets under study. The PTM model can directly investigate whether there is any evidence of market power in international trade.The sensitivity of U.S. export prices to exchange rate fluctuations may indicate price discrimination and imperfect competition in the international markets. The PTM approach is popular because of its relatively simple specification and empirical testing.
Charge Transfer Fluctuations as a Signal for QGP
Creators: name: Shi, Lijun
name: Jeon, Sangyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the charge transfer fluctuation which was previously used for $pp$ collisions is proposed for relativistic heavy-ion collisions as a QGP probe. We propose the appearance of a local minimum at midrapidity for the charge transfer fluctuation as a signal for a QGP. Within a two-component neutral cluster model, we demonstrate that the charge transfer fluctuation can detect the presence of a QGP as well as the size of the QGP in the rapidity space. We also show that the forward-backward correlation of multiplicity can be a similarly good measure of the presence of a QGP. Further, we show that the previously proposed net charge fluctuation is sensitive to the existence of the second phase only if the QGP phase occupies a large portion of the available rapidity space.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, to be submitted
Pseudospin Paramagnons and the Superconducting Dome in Magic Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Huang, Chunli
name: Wei, Nemin
name: Qin, Wei
name: MacDonald, Allan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene in which attraction is generated between electrons on the same honeycomb sublattice when the system is close to a sublattice polarization instability. The resulting Cooper pairs are spin-polarized valley-singlets. Because the sublattice polarizability is mainly contributed by interband fluctuations, superconductivity occurs over a wide range of filling fraction. It is suppressed by i) applying a sublattice polarizing field (generated by an aligned BN substrate) or ii) changing moiré band filling to favor valley polarization. The enhanced intrasublattice attraction close to sublattice polarization instability is analogous to enhanced like-spin attraction in liquid $^3$He near the melting curve and the enhanced valley-singlet repulsion close to valley-polarization instabilities is analogous to enhanced spin-singlet repulsion in metals that are close to a ferromagnetic instability. We comment on the relationship between our pseudospin paramagnon model and the rich phenomenology of superconductivity in twisted bilayer and multilayer graphene.
description: maintext 5 pages, 3 figures
Prevalence and correlates of frailty among older people with and without HIV in rural Uganda.
Creators: name: Mbabazi, Phoebe
name: Greene, Meredith
name: Nakasujja, Noeline
name: Reynolds, Zahra
name: Paul, Robert
name: Chen, Geoffrey
name: Ritchie, Christine S
name: Asiimwe, Stephen
name: Seeley, Janet
name: Tanner, Jeremy A
name: Tong, Yao
name: Olivieri-Mui, Brianne
name: Hoeppner, Susanne
name: Saylor, Deanna
name: Siedner, Mark J
name: Okello, Samson
name: Tsai, Alexander C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description:
BACKGROUND: The relationship between HIV and frailty, a predictor of poor outcomes in the face of stressors, remains unknown in older people in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We analysed data from the Quality of Life and Ageing with HIV in Rural Uganda cohort study to estimate the prevalence and correlates of frailty among older people with HIV (PWH) on long-term antiretroviral therapy and among age and sex-similar HIV-uninfected comparators. Frailty was defined as a self-report of 3 or 4 (and pre-frailty as 1 or 2) of the following phenotypic variables: weight loss, exhaustion, low activity, and slowness. We estimated the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty and fitted logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV and frailty, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depression, and other comorbidities. RESULTS: We enrolled 599 participants (49% women) with a mean age of 58 years. PWH had a similar prevalence of frailty (8.1% vs. 10.9%, p=0.24) but a lower prevalence of pre-frailty (54.2% vs. 63.2%, p=0.03) compared with their HIV-uninfected comparators. In multivariable regression models, people with depression (AOR 7.52 [95% CI: 3.67-15.40], p<0.001) and those with ≥1 comorbidities (AOR 3.15 [95% CI: 1.71-3.82], p<0.001) were more likely to be frail. HIV serostatus was not significantly associated with frailty (AOR 0.71 [95% CI: 0.37-1.34], p=0.29). CONCLUSION: Older PWH had a similar prevalence of frailty as those without HIV. These findings call for additional study of the factors that contribute to the robustness of older PWH in sub-Saharan Africa.
HI imaging of dwarf star-forming galaxies: Masses, morphologies and gas deficiencies
Creators: name: Jaiswal, Sumit
name: Omar, Amitesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GMRT observations of the HI 21~cm-line emission from 13~nearby dwarf star-forming galaxies are presented. The ranges of star formation rates and stellar masses of the sample galaxies are 0.03 -- 1.7~$M_\odot~{\rm yr}^{-1}$ and 0.04 -- 22.3~$\times 10^8~M_\odot$, respectively. The HI channel images, moment images, global profiles and mass surface density profiles are presented here. The average value of the peak HI mass surface density is estimated to be $\sim$2.5~M$_{\odot}$~pc$^{-2}$, which is significantly less compared to that in massive spiral galaxies. The scaling relations of $(M_{stars} + M_{\rm H\,I} + M_{\rm He})$ vs $M_{dyn}$, gas fraction vs $M_B$, $M_{\rm H\,I}$ vs $M_{stars}$, \ion{H}{i}-to-stellar mass ratio vs $M_{stars}$, and $M_{\rm H\,I}$ vs $D_{\rm H\,I}$ for the sample galaxies are estimated. These scaling relations can be used to constraint the key parameters in the galaxy evolution models. These galaxies are residing in group environment with galaxy density up to 8~galaxy~Mpc$^{-3}$. A HI mass deficiency (with $DEF_{\rm HI} > 0.3$) is noticed in majority of galaxies for their optical diameters as compared to galaxies in field environments. Clear signatures of tidal interactions in these galaxies could be inferred using the HI images. Isolated HI clouds without known optical counterparts are seen in the vicinity of several galaxies. HI emission envelope is found to be having an offset from the optical envelope in several galaxies. Consistent with the previous studies on galaxy evolution in group environments, tidal interactions seem to play an important role in triggering recent star formation.
description: 70 pages, 36 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
South Korea’s healthcare expenditure: a comprehensive study of public and private spending across health conditions, demographics, and payer types (2011–2020)
Creators: name: Cha, Yerin
name: Lee, Taejin
name: Yoo, Katelyn Jison
name: Patenaude, Bryan
name: Park, Sooyeol
name: Kim, Junghoe
name: Lee, Yoonkyoung
name: Bishai, David
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2025

description:
Background South Korea has witnessed a rapid increase in health expenditure, reaching USD 135 billion in 2021 and accounting for 9.3% of its GDP, surpassing the OECD average. Despite achieving universal health coverage, significant gaps remain in service coverage, leading to high out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses that expose households to financial burdens. Methods This study examines healthcare spending in South Korea from 2011 to 2020 using national datasets, focusing on expenditures across two primary payer categories: public insurance and OOP payments. Data were stratified by health condition, age group, sex, type of care, and income level. A combination of the National Health Insurance (NHI) dataset and the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) was used to estimate total health expenditures, with multiple imputation methods applied to address data gaps. Findings Healthcare expenditure in South Korea rose significantly from $45.6 billion in 2011 to $76.9 billion in 2020, placing an increasing economic burden on the system. Public health insurance spending grew at an annual rate of 5.1%, while OOP expenses rose by 5.0% for covered services and 6.7% for uncovered services. Despite a shift toward greater public funding—with public expenditure comprising 64.4% of total spending in 2020—OOP payments still accounted for 35.6%, remaining above the OECD average. Individuals aged 60 and above contributed to 51.3% of total expenditures. Gender disparities emerged, especially in high-cost areas like obstetrics and gynecology, where women incurred higher OOP costs. Additionally, uncovered services experienced significant spending growth across all income levels, with major cost contributors including musculoskeletal disorders, urinary tract disorders, and chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Interpretation This study highlights the need for targeted healthcare policies in South Korea to address rising costs and persistent inequalities. High OOP expenses disproportionately impact vulnerable groups, especially women and the elderly, while uncovered medical costs are growing across income levels, straining households. Conditions like musculoskeletal disorders, hypertension, and diabetes, along with gender-specific costs such as obstetric care, emphasize access inequities. Uncovered OOP expenses are rising faster than covered services, particularly among older adults. Addressing these issues requires policies to ease financial burdens and ensure equitable healthcare access. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Trapped ion chain as a neural network
Creators: name: Pons, M.
name: Ahufinger, V.
name: Wunderlich, C.
name: Sanpera, A.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the possibility of realizing a neural network in a chain of trapped ions with induced long range interactions. Such models permit to store information distributed over the whole system. The storage capacity of such network, which depends on the phonon spectrum of the system, can be controlled by changing the external trapping potential and/or by applying longitudinal local magnetic fields. The system properties suggest the possibility of implementing robust distributed realizations of quantum logic.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
May Heavy neutrinos solve underground and cosmic ray puzzles?
Creators: name: Belotsky, K.
name: Fargion, D.
name: Khlopov, M.
name: Konoplich, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial Heavy neutrinos of 4th generation might explain different astrophysical puzzles: indeed the simplest 4th neutrino scenario may be still consistent with known 4th neutrino physics, cosmic ray anti-matter and gamma fluxes and signals in underground detectors for a very narrow neutrino mass windows (46-47 GeV). We have analyzed extended Heavy neutrino models related to the clumpiness of neutrino density, new interactions in Heavy neutrino annihilation, neutrino asymmetry, neutrino decay. We found that in these models the underground signals maybe better combined with the cosmic ray imprint leading to a wider windows for neutrino mass (46-75 GeV) coinciding with the whole range allowed from uncertainties of electro-weak parameters.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Detecting and tracking bacteria with quantum light
Creators: name: Spedalieri, Gaetana
name: Piersimoni, Lolita
name: Laurino, Omar
name: Braunstein, Samuel L.
name: Pirandola, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of quantum sensing aims at improving the detection and estimation of classical parameters that are encoded in physical systems by resorting to quantum sources of light and quantum detection strategies. The same approach can be used to improve the current classical measurements that are performed on biological systems. Here we consider the scenario of two bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella) growing in a Luria Bertani broth and monitored by classical spectrophotometers. Their concentration can be related to the optical transmissivity via the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer's law and their growth curves can be described by means of Gompertz functions. Starting from experimental data points, we extrapolate the growth curves of the two bacteria and we study the theoretical performance that would be achieved with a quantum setup. In particular, we discuss how the bacterial growth can, in principle, be tracked by irradiating the samples with orders of magnitude fewer photons, identifying the clear superiority of quantum light in the early stages of growth. We then show the superiority and the limits of quantum resources in two basic tasks: (i) the early detection of bacterial growth and (ii) the early discrimination between two bacteria species.
description: Revised version
D=11 Supermembrane wrapped on calibrated submanifolds
Creators: name: Bellorin, J.
name: Restuccia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the Hamiltonian of the D=11 Supermembrane with topological conditions on configuration space. It may be interpreted as a supermembrane theory where all configurations are wrapped in an irreducible way on a calibrated submanifold of a compact sector of the target space. We prove that the spectrum of its Hamiltonian is discrete with finite multiplicity. The construction is explicitly perfomed for a compact sector of the target space being a $2g$ dimensional flat torus and the base manifold of the Supermembrane a genus $g$ compact Riemann surface. The topological conditions on configuration space work in such a way that the $g=2$ case may be interpreted as the intersection of two D=11 Supermembranes over $g=1$ surfaces, with their corresponding topological conditions. The discreteness of the spectrum is preserved by the intersection procedure. Between the configurations satisfying the topological conditions there are minimal configurations which describe minimal immersions from the base manifold to the compact sector of the target space. They allow to map the D=11 Supermembrane with topological conditions to a symplectic noncommutative Yang-Mills theory. We analyze geometrical properties of these configurations in the context of Supermembranes and D-branes theories. We show that this class of configurations also minimizes the Hamiltonian of D-branes theories.
description: 24 pages
Is increased mutation driving genetic diversity in dogs within the Chornobyl exclusion zone?
Creators: name: Dillon, Megan N.
name: Betz, Jennifer A.
name: Kleiman, Norman J.
name: Roberts, Reade B.
name: Mousseau, Timothy A.
name: Breen, Matthew
name: Dickey, Allison N.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Year: 2024

description:
Environmental contamination can have lasting impacts on surrounding communities, though the long-term impacts can be difficult to ascertain. The disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986 and subsequent remediation efforts resulted in contamination of the local environment with radioactive material, heavy metals, and additional environmental toxicants. Many of these are mutagenic in nature, and the full effect of these exposures on local flora and fauna has yet to be understood. Several hundred free-roaming dogs occupy the contaminated area surrounding the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, and previous studies have highlighted a striking level of genetic differentiation between two geographically close populations of these dogs. With this work, we investigate mutation as a possible driver of this genetic differentiation. First, we consider large-scale mutation by assessing the karyotypic architecture of these dogs. We then search for evidence of mutation through short tandem repeat/microsatellite diversity analyses and by calculating the proportion of recently derived alleles in individuals in both populations. Through these analyses, we do not find evidence of differential mutation accumulation for these populations. Thus, we find no evidence that an increased mutation rate is driving the genetic differentiation between these two Chornobyl populations. The dog populations at Chornobyl present a unique opportunity for studying the genetic effects of the long-term exposures they have encountered, and this study expands and builds on previous work done in the area.
Minimal spanning forests
Creators: name: Lyons, Russell
name: Peres, Yuval
name: Schramm, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60B99, 60K35, 82B43 (Primary) 60D05, 20F65 (Secondary)

description: Minimal spanning forests on infinite graphs are weak limits of minimal spanning trees from finite subgraphs. These limits can be taken with free or wired boundary conditions and are denoted FMSF (free minimal spanning forest) and WMSF (wired minimal spanning forest), respectively. The WMSF is also the union of the trees that arise from invasion percolation started at all vertices. We show that on any Cayley graph where critical percolation has no infinite clusters, all the component trees in the WMSF have one end a.s. In $\mathbb{Z}^d$ this was proved by Alexander [Ann. Probab. 23 (1995) 87--104], but a different method is needed for the nonamenable case. We also prove that the WMSF components are ``thin'' in a different sense, namely, on any graph, each component tree in the WMSF has $p_{\mathrm{c}}=1$ a.s., where $p_{\mathrm{c}}$ denotes the critical probability for having an infinite cluster in Bernoulli percolation. On the other hand, the FMSF is shown to be ``thick'': on any connected graph, the union of the FMSF and independent Bernoulli percolation (with arbitrarily small parameter) is a.s. connected. In conjunction with a recent result of Gaboriau, this implies that in any Cayley graph, the expected degree of the FMSF is at least the expected degree of the FSF (the weak limit of uniform spanning trees). We also show that the number of infinite clusters for Bernoulli($p_{\mathrm{u}}$) percolation is at most the number of components of the FMSF, where $p_{\mathrm{u}}$ denotes the critical probability for having a unique infinite cluster. Finally, an example is given to show that the minimal spanning tree measure does not have negative associations.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000269 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)