cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder perspectives on proposed policies to improve distribution and retention of doctors in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Sriram, Veena
name: Hariyani, Shreya
name: Lalani, Ummekulsoom
name: Buddhiraju, Ravi T.
name: Pandey, Pooja
name: Bennett, Sara
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background In India, the distribution and retention of biomedical doctors in public sector facilities in rural areas is an obstacle to improving access to health services. The Government of Uttar Pradesh is developing a comprehensive, ten-year Human Resources for Health (HRH) strategy, which includes policies to address rural distribution and retention of government doctors in Uttar Pradesh (UP). We undertook a stakeholder analysis to understand stakeholder positions on particular policies within the strategy, and to examine how stakeholder power and interests would shape the development and implementation of these proposed policies. This paper focuses on the results of the stakeholder analysis pertaining to rural distribution and retention of doctors in the government sector in UP. Our objectives are to 1) analyze stakeholder power in influencing the adoption of policies; 2) compare and analyze stakeholder positions on specific policies, including their perspectives on the conditions for successful policy adoption and implementation; and 3) explore the challenges with developing and implementing a coordinated, ‘bundled’ approach to strengthening rural distribution and retention of doctors. Methods We utilized three forms of data collection for this study – document review, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. We conducted 17 interviews and three focus group discussions with key stakeholders between September and November 2019. Results We found that the adoption of a coordinated policy approach for rural retention and distribution of doctors is negatively impacted by governance challenges and fragmentation within and beyond the health sector. Respondents also noted that the opposition to certain policies by health worker associations created challenges for comprehensive policy development. Finally, respondents believed that even in the event of policy adoption, implementation remained severely hampered by several factors, including weak mechanisms of accountability and perceived corruption at local, district and state level. Conclusion Building on the findings of this analysis, we propose several strategies for addressing the challenges in improving access to government doctors in rural areas of UP, including additional policies that address key concerns raised by stakeholders, and improved mechanisms for coordination, accountability and transparency.
Comprehensive Survey and Taxonomies of False Injection Attacks in Smart Grid: Attack Models, Targets, and Impacts
Creators: name: Reda, Haftu Tasew
name: Anwar, Adnan
name: Mahmood, Abdun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Smart Grid has rapidly transformed the centrally controlled power system into a massively interconnected cyber-physical system that benefits from the revolutions happening in the communications (e.g. 5G) and the growing proliferation of the Internet of Things devices (such as smart metres and intelligent electronic devices). While the convergence of a significant number of cyber-physical elements has enabled the Smart Grid to be far more efficient and competitive in addressing the growing global energy challenges, it has also introduced a large number of vulnerabilities culminating in violations of data availability, integrity, and confidentiality. Recently, false data injection (FDI) has become one of the most critical cyberattacks, and appears to be a focal point of interest for both research and industry. To this end, this paper presents a comprehensive review in the recent advances of the FDI attacks, with particular emphasis on 1) adversarial models, 2) attack targets, and 3) impacts in the Smart Grid infrastructure. This review paper aims to provide a thorough understanding of the incumbent threats affecting the entire spectrum of the Smart Grid. Related literature are analysed and compared in terms of their theoretical and practical implications to the Smart Grid cybersecurity. In conclusion, a range of technical limitations of existing false data attack research is identified, and a number of future research directions is recommended.
description: Double-column of 24 pages, prepared based on IEEE Transaction article
title: Consequences of Brexit for European Private International Law
Creators: name: Ungerer, Johannes
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Brexit
subject: private international law
subject: Brussels regulations
subject: 1968 Brussels Convention
subject: 2007 Lugano Convention
subject: Rome Regulations

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 395-407
description: European Forum Insight of 27 February 2019
description: I. Introduction. - II. International jurisdiction of courts and recognition and enforcement of judgments. - II.1. The Brussels regime. - II.2. The Lugano regime. - II.3. The Hague Convention on choice of court agreements. - II.4. Lack of opportunity for an autonomous regime. - II.5. Interim results. - III. Conflict of laws. - III.1. The regime for international contracts. - III.2. The regime for international non-contractual relations. - III.3. The transitional regime and a long-term autonomous option. - III.4. Interim results. - IV. Conclusion.
description: International jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in Europe will be considerably affected by Brexit. The Brussels I regime threatens to fall back from the Recast Regulation to the outdated 1968 Convention, which the Withdrawal Agreement intends to prevent. An alternative might be the UK's accession to the 2007 Lugano Convention (and perhaps rejoining EFTA). The Hague Conventions are expected to be maintained where applicable in international legal proceedings. As for conflict of laws, the Rome regime will partly change, so that there will be the risk of legal uncertainty particularly for contractual relations.
Thereuonema turkestana Verhoeff 1905
Creators: name: Dyachkov, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scutigeromorpha
Scutigeridae
Thereuonema
Thereuonema turkestana

description: Thereuonema turkestana Verhoeff, 1905
Fig. 1
 Thereuonema turkestana Verhoeff 1905: 88.
 Thereuonema turkestana – Lignau 1929: 211; Stoev 2002: 82; Edgecombe & Giribet 2009: 421; Dyachkov 2020a: 176; 2022a: 20; Dyachkov & Nedoev 2021: 47.
 Thereuonema oreiotes Lignau 1929: 214.
 Thereuonema oreiotes – Würmli 1975: 195.
 Material. 2 males, 1 female (ASU No. 579) and 1 female (ASU No. 578), Tajikistan, Gorno-Badakhshan Region, Khorog botanical garden, N37°28'27" E71°36'5", in old building, 2260 m, 10.VII.2023, coll. YD, AF.
 Distribution. From Kazakhstan to North India (Stoev 2002; Dyachkov 2020a, 2020b, 2022a).
 Remarks. This species, genus Thereuonema, family Scutigeridae, and order Scutigeromorpha were not recorded in the Gorno-Badakhshan Region before this study.
description: Published as part of Dyachkov, Yurii V., 2023, On the Chilopoda fauna of the Pamir Mts, Tajikistan, with notes on the highest records of chilopod species in Middle Asia, pp. 67-75 in Ecologica Montenegrina 65 on page 70, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.65.9, http://zenodo.org/record/13246644
title: Achmea: Consequences on Applicable Law and ISDS Clauses in Extra-EU BITs and Future EU Trade and Investment Agreements
Creators: name: Declève, Quentin
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: intra-EU arbitration
subject: investment law
subject: investor-State dispute settlement
subject: autonomy of EU law
subject: extra-EU BIT
subject: CETA

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 99-108
description: I. Introduction: the Achmea judgment. - II. The European Commission's assessment and the EU Member States' position. - III. Potential consequences for existing BITs, CETA and future trade and investment agreements. - III.1. Various forms of applicable law clauses. - III.2. Extra-EU BITs which are silent on the applicable law in investment disputes, and Extra-EU BITs whose applicable law clause contains a reference to the domestic law of the host State. - III.3. Extra-EU BITs whose applicable law clause provides for the application and interpretation of international law. - III.4. Extra-EU BITs whose applicable law clause provides for the sole application and interpretation of the provisions contained in the BIT. - IV. Conclusion.
description: In its judgment in Achmea (judgment of 6 March 2018, case C-284/16 [GC]), the Court of Justice ruled that an investor-State arbitration clause in a bilateral investment treaty concluded between two EU Member States was contrary to the principle of the autonomy of the EU legal order. In this Article, I suggest that the Achmea judgment could have implications for the validity, not only of ISDS clauses in intra-EU BITs, but also of ISDS and applicable law clauses in BITs and other agreements concluded by the EU (or its Member States) with third States.
Dynamic Product Image Generation and Recommendation at Scale for Personalized E-commerce
Creators: name: Czapp, Ádám Tibor
name: Jani, Mátyás
name: Domián, Bálint
name: Hidasi, Balázs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Coupling latent diffusion based image generation with contextual bandits enables the creation of eye-catching personalized product images at scale that was previously either impossible or too expensive. In this paper we showcase how we utilized these technologies to increase user engagement with recommendations in online retargeting campaigns for e-commerce.
description: Appearing in the Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys'24) as an Industry Track paper
title: The Empire Strikes Back: The Council Decision Amending Protocols 1 and 4 to the EU-Morocco Association Agreement
Creators: name: Kassoti, Eva
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Council Decision amending Protocols 1 and 4 to the EU-Morocco Association Agreement
subject: duty of non-recognition
subject: duty of non-assistance
subject: Western Sahara
subject: self-determination
subject: exploitation of natural resources

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 307-317
description: European Forum Insight of 27 February 2019
description: I. Introduction. - II. The EU's Obligation of Non-Recognition and the Capacity of Morocco to Conclude Agreements Extending to Western Sahara. - III. The Council Decision and the question of EU Complicity in the Unlawful Exploitation of Natural Resources of Western Sahara. - IV. Conclusion.
description: This Insight focuses on the newly adopted Council Decision amending Protocols 1 and 4 to the EU-Morocco Association Agreement which extends the territorial scope of the Association Agreement to expressly include Western Sahara. The purpose of this Insight is to assess the compatibility of the Council Decision with international law. The main argument advanced here is that the Council Decision is problematic from an international law point of view as it arguably violates the EU's duty of non-recognition and non-assistance in the commission of internationally wrongful acts.
Stream parallel skeleton optimization
Creators: name: Aldinucci, Marco
name: Danelutto, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.3; D.3.2; C.1.3

description: We discuss the properties of the composition of stream parallel skeletons such as pipelines and farms. By looking at the ideal performance figures assumed to hold for these skeletons, we show that any stream parallel skeleton composition can always be rewritten into an equivalent "normal form" skeleton composition, delivering a service time which is equal or even better to the service time of the original skeleton composition, and achieving a better utilization of the processors used. The normal form is defined as a single farm built around a sequential worker code. Experimental results are discussed that validate this normal form.
Conditions and Assumptions for Constraint-based Causal Structure Learning
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Kayvan
name: Soo, Terry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary 62H22, secondary 62A99

description: We formalize constraint-based structure learning of the "true" causal graph from observed data when unobserved variables are also existent. We provide conditions for a "natural" family of constraint-based structure-learning algorithms that output graphs that are Markov equivalent to the causal graph. Under the faithfulness assumption, this natural family contains all exact structure-learning algorithms. We also provide a set of assumptions, under which any natural structure-learning algorithm outputs Markov equivalent graphs to the causal graph. These assumptions can be thought of as a relaxation of faithfulness, and most of them can be directly tested from (the underlying distribution) of the data, particularly when one focuses on structural causal models. We specialize the definitions and results for structural causal models.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures
Low-energy subband wave-functions and effective $g$-factor of one-dimensional hole gas
Creators: name: Li, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-dimensional (1D) hole gas confined in a cylindrical Ge nanowire has potential applications in quantum information technologies. Here, we analytically study the low-energy properties of this 1D hole gas. The subbands of the hole gas are two-fold degenerate. The low-energy subband wave-functions are obtained exactly, and the degenerate pairs are related to each other via a combination of the time-reversal and the spin-rotation transformations. In evaluating the effective $g$-factor of these low-energy subbands, the orbital effects of the magnetic field are shown to contribute as strongly as the Zeeman term. Also, near the center of the $k_{z}$ space, there is a sharp dip or a sharp peak in the effective $g$-factor. At the site $k_{z}=0$, the longitudinal $g$-factor $g_{l}$ is much less than the transverse $g$-factor $g_{t}$ for the lowest subband, while away from the site $k_{z}=0$, $g_{l}$ can be comparable to $g_{t}$.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
title: On Achmea, the Autonomy of Union Law, Mutual Trust and What Lies Ahead
Creators: name: Centeno Huerta, Sonsoles
name: Kuplewatzky, Nicolaj
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Achmea
subject: bilateral investment treaties
subject: Energy Charter Treaty
subject: autonomy
subject: mutual trust
subject: declaration

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 61-78
description: I. Introduction. - II. Beyond autonomy: mutual trust applies to investment protection and beyond. - III. The application of Achmea by investor-State tribunals. - IV. The consequences: how Member States have committed to apply Achmea.
description: This Article considers the role, application, and implications of the Achmea judgment (judgment of 6 March 2018, case C-284/16 [GC]). As such, the Authors first consider the Leitmotive of Achmea, that is to say, the principles of autonomy and mutual trust. The latter principle, it is argued, should be given much more attention, particularly in light of its fundamental importance in the overall architecture of the European Union. The Article then critically analyses the application of the Achmea judgment by intra-EU arbitral tribunals and how these tribunals have distinguished the effects of the judgment for their assessments on jurisdiction. In a concluding section, the Authors finally reflect on the declarations made by Member States on 15 and 16 January 2019 on the implications and interpretation of Achmea and the intended effects thereof for pending arbitrations.
Maximal steered coherence in the background of Schwarzschild space-time
Creators: name: Du, Ming-Ming
name: Li, Hong-Wei
name: Shen, Shu-Ting
name: Yan, Xiao-Jing
name: Li, Xi-Yun
name: Zhou, Lan
name: Zhong, Wei
name: Sheng, Yu-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past two decades, the exploration of quantumness within Schwarzschild spacetime has garnered significant interest, particularly regarding the Hawking radiation's impact on quantum correlations and quantum coherence. Building on this foundation, we investigate how Hawking radiation influences maximal steered coherence (MSC)-a crucial measure for gauging the ability to generate coherence through steering. We find that as the Hawking temperature increases, the physically accessible MSC degrade while the unaccessible MSC increase. This observation is attributed to a redistribution of the initial quantum correlations, previously acknowledged by inertial observers, across all bipartite modes. In particular, we find that in limit case that the Hawking temperature tends to infinity, the accessible MSC equals to 1/\sqrt{2} of its initial value, and the unaccessible MSC also equals to the same value. Our findings illuminate the intricate dynamics of quantum information in the vicinity of black holes, suggesting that Hawking radiation plays a pivotal role in reshaping the landscape of quantum coherence and entanglement in curved spacetime. This study not only advances our theoretical understanding of black hole thermodynamics but also opens new avenues for investigating the interface between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Standard monomial theory and toric degenerations of Richardson varieties in flag varieties
Creators: name: Bonala, Narasimha Chary
name: Clarke, Oliver
name: Mohammadi, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study standard monomial bases for Richardson varieties inside the flag variety. In general, writing down a standard monomial basis for a Richardson variety can be challenging, as it involves computing so-called defining chains or key tableaux. However, for a certain family of Richardson varieties, indexed by compatible permutations, we provide a very direct and straightforward combinatorial rule for writing down a standard monomial basis. We apply this result to the study of toric degenerations of Richardson varieties. In particular, we provide a new family of toric degenerations of Richardson varieties inside flag varieties.
description: This article supersedes the section on flag varieties in the preprint arXiv:2009.03210
title: Asylum and Return: The Gnandi Case, or a Clarification of the Right to an Effective Remedy
Creators: name: Progin-Theuerkauf, Sarah
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: asylum procedure
subject: EU Return Directive
subject: return decision
subject: forced return
subject: right to an effective remedy
subject: suspensive effect

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 359-363
description: European Forum Insight of 12 March 2019
description: I. Introduction. - II. Facts and context. - III. Judgment of the Court of Justice. - IV. Comment.
description: In Gnandi (Court of Justice, Judgment of 19 June 2018, case C-181/16 [GC]), the Court of Justice has clarified under which conditions a negative asylum decision may be combined with a return decision and which effects the combination of the two has in the light of the right to an effective remedy.
Intersection density of transitive groups of certain degrees
Creators: name: Hujdurović, Ademir
name: Marušič, Dragan
name: Miklavič, Štefko
name: Kutnar, Klavdija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Two elements $g$ and $h$ of a permutation group $G$ acting on a set $V$ are said to be intersecting if $g(v) = h(v)$ for some $v \in V$. More generally, a subset ${\cal F}$ of $G$ is an intersecting set if every pair of elements of ${\cal F}$ is intersecting. The intersection density $ρ(G)$ of a transitive permutation group $G$ is the maximum value of the quotient $|{\cal F}|/|G_v|$ where ${\cal F}$ runs over all intersecting sets in $G$ and $G_v$ is a stabilizer of $v\in V$. In this paper the intersection density of transitive groups of degree twice a prime is determined, and proved to be either $1$ or $2$. In addition, it is proved that the intersection density of transitive groups of prime power degree is $1$.
description: 10 pages
Survival Outcomes Associated with First and Second-Line Palliative Systemic Therapies in Patients with Metastatic Bladder Cancer
Creators: name: Beigi, Arshia
name: Vafaei-Nodeh, Saba
name: Huang, Longlong
name: Sun, Shaun Z.
name: Ko, Jenny
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Background: Real-world data on palliative systemic therapies (PST) in treating metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) is limited. This study investigates current trends in treating mBC with first- (1L) and second-line (2L) chemotherapy (CT) and immunotherapy (IT). Methods: A chart review was conducted on patients diagnosed with stage II-IV bladder cancer in 2014–2016. Survival outcomes were compared between chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and supportive care. Results: out of 297 patients, 77% were male. 44% had stage IV disease at diagnosis. Median age at metastasis was 73 years. 40% of patients received 1L PST and 34% received 2L PST. Median overall survival (mOS) was longer in those receiving PST versus no treatment (p < 0.001). Patients receiving CT and IT sequentially had the longest mOS (18.99 months). First-line IT and CT mOS from treatment start dates were 5.03 and 9.13 months, respectively (p = 0.81). Gemcitabine with cisplatin (8.88 months) or carboplatin (9.13 months) were the most utilized 1L chemotherapy regimens (p = 0.85). 2L IT and CT mOS from treatment start dates were 6.72 and 3.78 months, respectively (p = 0.15). Conclusion: real-world mOS of >1.5 years in mBC is unprecedented and supports using multiple lines of PST. Furthermore, immunotherapy may be a comparable alternative to chemotherapy in both 1L and 2L settings.
title: Some Reflections on Achmea's Broader Consequences for Investment Arbitration
Creators: name: Eckes, Christina
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: autonomy of EU law
subject: investor-state dispute resolution (ISDS)
subject: mutual trust
subject: Achmea
subject: Opinion 1/17
subject: CETA

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 79-97
description: I. Introduction. - II. A delicate good: autonomy of the EU legal order. - III. Consequences for CETA's Investment Court System. - IV. Intra-EU BITs: national courts as the guardian of the Union of law. - V. Autonomy as an obstacle to the Union submitting to the jurisdiction of international courts or tribunals. - VI. The future of international investment protection law after Achmea.
description: In the Achmea case (judgment of 6 March 2018, case C-284/16), the Court of Justice applied its standing case law on the autonomy of the EU legal order to Investor-state Dispute Resolution (ISDS) and concluded that the ISDS mechanism at hand was contrary to EU law. Irrespective of whether the Court's construction of autonomy is conceptually convincing, the principled elaborations on autonomy in Achmea, emphasized the relevance of the preliminary ruling procedure as the institutional backbone of the effectiveness of EU law. This institutional backbone, which allows for a constant dialogue between the Court of Justice and the national judiciary, played an important role in the Courts finding that EU law enjoys direct effect and primacy in van Gend en Loos and Costa v. ENEL (respectively, judgment of 5 February 1963, case 26/62 and judgment of 15 July 1964, case 6/64). In the eyes of the Court, it cannot be compromised by offering investors an alternative route of dispute settlement from which no possibility exists to ask preliminary questions. While other aspects of the ruling, that is the Court's considerations on mutual trust, may apply specifically to the type of Intra-EU ISDS mechanisms in Achmea, the autonomy reasoning logically also applies to other forms of investment arbitration, such as the Investment Court System (ICS) in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the EU and Canada (CETA) and the envisaged Multilateral Investment Court (MIC). The principled stand on autonomy, as the Court has presented it in a long list of cases, including in Achmea, amounts to a considerable, albeit not necessarily insurmountable obstacle to both Member States and the Union submitting to the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals.
title: I Would Rather Be a Respondent State Before a Domestic Court in the EU than Before an International Investment Tribunal
Creators: name: Damjanovic, Ivana
name: de Sadeleer, Nicolas
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: autonomy of the EU legal order
subject: international investment law
subject: Arts 267 and 344 TFEU
subject: mutual trust
subject: compatibility of ISDS with EU law
subject: rule of law

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 19-70
description: I. Introduction. - II. Who trumps who? - II.1. Is EU law autonomous? - II.2. EU law and Member States' BITs. - II.3. The peculiar case of the ECT. - III. Achmea or how international investment tribunals do not understand EU law. - III.1. Why investment tribunals do not have jurisdic-tion in all intra-EU disputes? - III.2. The Advocate General's Opinion is not legally binding and preliminary ruling judgment only answers the questions asked. - III.3. Why is commercial arbitration different? - IV. Who fragments what? - IV.1. The peculiar case of the ECT again: fragmentation or integration? - IV.2. Why is intra-EU context different to extra-EU? - V. Why autonomy matters? - V.1. It matters for EU relationship with international courts. - V.2. It matters for EU integration. - V.3. It matters for practical reasons of enforcement. - VI. Conclusion.
description: In its landmark judgment in the case of Achmea (judgment of 6 March 2018, case C-284/16 [GC]), the Court of Justice adjudicated that Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) adversely affects the autonomy of EU law. Accordingly, ISDS clauses in international investment agreements that contravene Arts 267 and 344 TFEU and the principles of mutual trust and sincere cooperation enshrined in Arts. 19, para. 1, and 4, para. 3, TEU are inapplicable under EU law. However, the reasoning of the Court of Justice in Achmea did not convince international investment tribunals that they lack jurisdiction in intra-EU investment disputes. This opposition calls for clarification of the different principles underpinning the EU legal order and international investment law. This Article presents a debate between these two legal orders, which unfolds around three separate, albeit related issues: the status and applicability of the EU and the Member States' international agreements within the EU legal order; the manner in which the Achmea judgment must be interpreted and its application in the international investment law context; and the meaning and relevance of the concept of the autonomy of EU law as the key issue in defining the relationship between EU law and international investment law.
title: The Aletho Judgement: UNRWA Protection as Grounds for Exclusion from Refugee Status and Inadmissibility of an Application for International Protection
Creators: name: Fernández Arribas, Gloria
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: UNRWA
subject: asylum
subject: inadmissibility of application
subject: exclusion
subject: first country of asylum
subject: ex nunc examination

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 417-419
description: European Forum Highlight of 25 March 2019
description: In the Aletho judgement (Court of Justice,judgment of 25 July 2018, case C-585/16 [GC]) two main grounds for not being granted international protection are examined: to be under the protection or assistance of UNRWA, and to consider the application inadmissible since the country in which the applicant can benefit from UNRWA protection falls into the concept of "first country of asylum.
Textured organic ferroelectric films from physical vapor deposition and amorphous-to-crystalline transition
Creators: name: Yuan, Yifan
name: Ni, Yuanyuan
name: Jiang, Xuanyuan
name: Yun, Yu
name: Xu, Xiaoshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystallization is a key for ferroelectricity which is a collective behavior of microscopic electric dipoles. On the other hand, uncontrolled crystallization leads to uneven morphology and random crystal orientations, which undermines the application potential of ferroelectric thin films. In this work, we introduce a film fabrication method of low-temperature physical vapor deposition followed by restrained crystallization, with electrical properties monitored in real-time by in situ measurements. This method was adopted to fabricate films of 2-methylbenzimidazole (MBI), whose molecule crystals are proton-transfer type biaxial ferroelectrics and tend to grow into a hedgehog-shaped spherulites morphology. The in situ measurements confirm that the crystallization, corresponding to a clear transition of physical properties, occurs dominantly during post-deposition warming. This enables the fabrication of micron-thick films in disk-shaped morphology with one polarization axis aligned along the out-of-plane direction, while the measured spontaneous polarization and coercive field are comparable to the single-crystal values. These results mark an important advancement of film growth that is expected to benefit widely the fabrication of molecular materials films whose functional properties hinge on crystallization to achieve desirable morphology and crystallinity.
Vacuum-formed 3D printed electronics: fabrication of thin, rigid and free-form interactive surfaces
Creators: name: Hong, Freddie
name: Tendera, Luca
name: Myant, Connor
name: Boyle, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5; B.m

description: Vacuum-forming is a common manufacturing technique for constructing thin plastic shell products by pressing heated plastic sheets onto a mold using atmospheric pressure. Vacuum-forming is ubiquitous in packaging and casing products in industry spanning fast moving consumer goods to connected devices. Integrating advanced functionality, which may include sensing, computation and communication, within thin structures is desirable for various next-generation interactive devices. Hybrid additive manufacturing techniques like thermoforming are becoming popular for prototyping freeform electronics given its design flexibility, speed and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, we present a new hybrid method for constructing thin, rigid and free-form interconnected surfaces via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing and vacuum-forming. While 3D printing a mold for vacuum-forming has been explored by many, utilising 3D printing to construct sheet materials has remains unexplored. 3D printing the sheet material allows embedding conductive traces within thin layers of the substrate, which can be vacuum-formed but remain conductive and insulated. We characterise the behaviour of the vacuum-formed 3D printed sheet, analyse the electrical performance of 3D printed traces after vacuum-forming, and showcase a range of examples constructed using the technique. We demonstrate a new design interface specifically for designing conformal interconnects, which allows designers to draw conductive patterns in 3D and export pre-distorted sheet models ready to be 3D printed.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures
Polarized interfacial tension induces collective migration of cells, as a cluster, in a three-dimensional tissue
Creators: name: Okuda, Satoru
name: Sato, Katsuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cells collectively migrate as a cluster in three-dimensional (3D) tissues, such as in embryogenesis and cancer invasion. Here, numerical simulations using a 3D vertex model show that polarized interfacial tension, expressing cell adhesion and cortex contractility, induces the cluster migration in the 3D space. The mechanism is that polarized interfacial tension induced a directional flow of cell-cell interfaces from the front to rear within the whole cluster, producing a driving force, i.e., cells move forward as a cluster by simply expanding and contracting cell-cell boundaries.
Guaranteeing Completely Positive Quantum Evolution
Creators: name: Dilley, Daniel
name: Gonzales, Alvin
name: Byrd, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In open quantum systems, it is known that if the system and environment are in a product state, the evolution of the system is given by a linear completely positive (CP) Hermitian map. CP maps are a subset of general linear Hermitian maps, which also include non completely positive (NCP) maps. NCP maps can arise in evolutions such as non-Markovian evolution, where the CP divisibility of the map (writing the overall evolution as a composition of CP maps) usually fails. Positive but NCP maps are also useful as entanglement witnesses. In this paper, we focus on transforming an initial NCP map to a CP map through composition with the asymmetric depolarizing map. We use separate asymmetric depolarizing maps acting on the individual subsystems. Previous work have looked at structural physical approximation (SPA), which is a CP approximation of a NCP map using a mixture of the NCP map with a completely depolarizing map. We prove that the composition can always be made CP without completely depolarizing in any direction. It is possible to depolarize less in some directions. We give the general proof by using the Choi matrix and an isomorphism from a maximally entangled two qudit state to a set of qubits. We also give measures that describe the amount of disturbance the depolarization introduces to the original map. Given our measures, we show that asymmetric depolarization has many advantages over SPA in preserving the structure of the original NCP map. Finally, we give some examples. For some measures and examples, completely depolarizing (while not necessary) in some directions can give a better approximation than keeping the depolarizing parameters bounded by the required depolarization if symmetric depolarization is used.
Small-Sample Inferred Adaptive Recoding for Batched Network Coding
Creators: name: Wang, Jie
name: Jia, Zhiyuan
name: Yin, Hoover H. F.
name: Yang, Shenghao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Batched network coding is a low-complexity network coding solution to feedbackless multi-hop wireless packet network transmission with packet loss. The data to be transmitted is encoded into batches where each of which consists of a few coded packets. Unlike the traditional forwarding strategy, the intermediate network nodes have to perform recoding, which generates recoded packets by network coding operations restricted within the same batch. Adaptive recoding is a technique to adapt the fluctuation of packet loss by optimizing the number of recoded packets per batch to enhance the throughput. The input rank distribution, which is a piece of information regarding the batches arriving at the node, is required to apply adaptive recoding. However, this distribution is not known in advance in practice as the incoming link's channel condition may change from time to time. On the other hand, to fully utilize the potential of adaptive recoding, we need to have a good estimation of this distribution. In other words, we need to guess this distribution from a few samples so that we can apply adaptive recoding as soon as possible. In this paper, we propose a distributionally robust optimization for adaptive recoding with a small-sample inferred prediction of the input rank distribution. We develop an algorithm to efficiently solve this optimization with the support of theoretical guarantees that our optimization's performance would constitute as a confidence lower bound of the optimal throughput with high probability.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted in ISIT-21, appendix added
Active restructuring of cytoskeleton composites leads to increased mechanical stiffness, memory, and heterogeneity
Creators: name: Sheung, Janet Y.
name: Achiriloaie, Daisy H.
name: Peddireddy, Karthik
name: Lee, Gloria
name: Rust, Michael J.
name: Das, Moumita
name: Ross, Jennifer L.
name: Robertson-Anderson, Rae M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composite cytoskeleton, comprising interacting networks of semiflexible actin and rigid microtubules, actively generates forces and restructures using motor proteins such as myosins to enable key mechanical processes including cell motility and mitosis. Yet, how motor-driven activity alters the mechanics of cytoskeleton composites remains an open challenge. Here, we perform optical tweezers microrheology on actin-microtubule composites driven by myosin II motors to show that motor activity increases the linear viscoelasticity and elastic storage of the composite by active restructuring to a network of tightly-packed filament clusters and bundles. Our nonlinear microrheology measurements performed hours after cessation of activity show that the motor-contracted structure is stable and robust to nonlinear forcing. Unique features of the nonlinear response include increased mechanical stiffness, memory and heterogeneity, coupled with suppressed filament bending following motor-driven restructuring. Our results shed important new light onto the interplay between viscoelasticity and non-equilibrium dynamics in active polymer composites such as the cytoskeleton.
title: Cordella et al. v. Italy: Industrial Emissions and Italian Omissions Under Scrutiny
Creators: name: Longo, Andrea
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: industrial emissions
subject: environmental plan
subject: right to life
subject: right to private and family life
subject: fair balance
subject: European Court of Human Rights

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 337-343
description: European Forum Insight of 15 April 2019
description: I. Introduction. - II. Principal facts of the case. - III. The decision of the Court. - III.1. Preliminary questions. - III.2. Merits. - IV. Conclusion.
description: This Insight focuses on the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 24 January 2019, Cordella et al. v. Italy (joint applications n. 54414/13 and n. 54264/15), marking an important step in the judicial saga of the Ilva steel plant in Taranto. The Court unanimously established Italy's responsibility in failing to adopt the necessary administrative and legal measures to de-pollute the affected area and to provide individuals with an effective domestic remedy to challenge the dangerous and uncertain status quo, in violation of Arts 8 and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
On simultaneous approximation to a real number, its square, and its cube, II
Creators: name: Roy, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11J13, Secondary 11J82

description: In a previous paper with the same title, we gave an upper bound for the exponent of uniform rational approximation to a quadruple of $\mathbb{Q}$-linearly independent real numbers in geometric progression. Here, we explain why this upper bound is not optimal.
description: 24 pages
Negative Selection Algorithm Research and Applications in the last decade: A Review
Creators: name: Gupta, Kishor Datta
name: Dasgupta, Dipankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Negative selection Algorithm (NSA) is one of the important methods in the field of Immunological Computation (or Artificial Immune Systems). Over the years, some progress was made which turns this algorithm (NSA) into an efficient approach to solve problems in different domain. This review takes into account these signs of progress during the last decade and categorizes those based on different characteristics and performances. Our study shows that NSA's evolution can be labeled in four ways highlighting the most notable NSA variations and their limitations in different application domains. We also present alternative approaches to NSA for comparison and analysis. It is evident that NSA performs better for nonlinear representation than most of the other methods, and it can outperform neural-based models in computation time. We summarize NSA's development and highlight challenges in NSA research in comparison with other similar models.
description: Dataset and code: https://github.com/kishordgupta/OCC_DATASET and https://github.com/kishordgupta/pyod
title: Jurisdiction in Matters of Parental Responsibility Between Legal Certainty and Children's Fundamental Rights
Creators: name: Biagioni, Giacomo
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: fundamental rights
subject: jurisdictional competence
subject: parental responsibility
subject: rights of the child
subject: habitual residence
subject: Brussels IIa Regulation

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 285-295
description: European Forum Insight of 15 April 2019
description: I. Preliminary remarks. - II. The facts of the case and the preliminary ruling. - III. The impact of the rights of the child on jurisdiction rules under the Regulation (EC) 2201/2003. - III.1. Habitual residence of the child as key concept in the Regulation. - III.2. The notion of habitual residence of the child. - IV. At the crossroads between legal certainty and fundamental rights.
description: The impact of the protection of fundamental rights is a factor of increasing importance for the interpretation of EU private international law. In matters of parental responsibility, the application of the rules on jurisdictional competence contained in the Regulation (EC) 2201/2003 can have a significant bearing on the rights of the child protected by Art. 24 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The judgment of the Court of Justice in UD (judgment of 17 October 2018, case C-393/18 PPU) dealt with a case concerning the notion of habitual residence of the child, that plays a central role under the mentioned Regulation and that is related to the principle of the best interests of the child, as often remarked by the Court itself. The Court refused to provide a broad interpretation of the notion, even in a situation where the protection of fundamental rights was at stake, while highlighting the fact that the existing methods and techniques of private international law may already serve that purpose.
Invariant manifolds in Hamiltonian systems with applications to the Earth-Moon system
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Vitor Martins
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Invariant manifolds are the skeleton of the chaotic dynamics in Hamiltonian systems. In Celestial Mechanics, for instance, these geometrical structures are applied to a multitude of physical and practical problems, such as to the description of the natural transport of asteroids and to the construction of trajectories for artificial satellites. In this work, we use efficient numerical methods to visually illustrate the influence of invariant manifolds, which are associated with specific equilibrium points and unstable periodic orbits, in the dynamical properties of Hamiltonian systems. First, we investigate an area-preserving version of the two-dimensional Hénon map. Later, we focus our investigation on the motion of a body with negligible mass that moves due to the gravitational attraction of both the Earth and the Moon. As a model, we adopt the planar circular restricted three-body problem, a near-integrable Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom. For both systems, we show how the selected invariant manifolds and the structure of the phase space evolve alongside each other. Our results contribute to the understanding of the connection between dynamics and geometry in Hamiltonian systems.
description: PhD thesis, University of S\~ao Paulo, 2021. 73 pages, 31 figures
title: Bold, but Without Justification? Tjebbes
Creators: name: van den Brink, Martijin
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: loss of nationality
subject: EU citizenship
subject: Nationality Act
subject: Tjebbes
subject: Rottman
subject: Brexit

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2019 4(1), 409-415
description: European Forum Insight of 25 April 2019
description: I. Introduction. - II. Background and facts. - III. Comment.
description: Tjebbes (Court of Justice, judgment of 12 March 2019, case C-221/17 [GC]) builds on and extends the scope of a line of existing cases that has started to redefine the relationship between EU citizenship and Member State nationality. This Insight inquires on which legal grounds the Court of Justice could justify its bold intervention in the domain of nationality law. The Court offered two justifications, saying that the Member States must "have due regard to EU law" when deciding on the attributions of nationality and that EU citizenship "is intended to be the fundamental status of nationals of the Member States". I argue that neither justification is persuasive and possible to square with the Treaties. The Insight also examines the requirement introduced by the Court of Justice that the rules on the loss of nationality must have due regard to the principle of proportionality and allow for an individual examination of the consequences of that loss. I argue that the desirability of such a proportionality requirement is not nearly as self-evident as the Court takes it to be.