cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Определение бисфенола А в чеках, газетах и другой бумажной продукции
Creators: name: Семенова, Плина
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Бисфенол А относится к веществам, разрушающим эндокринную систему человека. Несмотря на то, что бисфенол А изменяет функционирование эндокринной системы, вызывая тем самым многие заболевания у людей и животных, это химическое вещество повсеместно используется. Данное вещество производится в больших количествах по всему миру. Основными источниками бисфенола А являются пищевая упаковка,
стоматологические материалы, термобумага и другие бумажные изделия. Поскольку современный человек постоянно взаимодействует с термобумагой и газетной продукцией, определение бисфенола А в этих изделиях является актуальной проблемой. Цель исследования заключалась в обзоре литературных источников и создании плана эксперимента, включающего в себя метод тонкослойной хроматографии (ТСХ). Метод ТСХ
необходим для определения бисфенола А в чеках, газетах и прочей бумажной продукции.
Two Ways to Satisfy (and No Way to Satisfy Utilitarians)
Creators: name: Zinke, Alexandra
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2021

description: Preference utilitarianism holds that an action is morally good iff it maximizes overall preference satisfaction. In principle, there are two ways to satisfy preferences: either you alter the facts such that they fit the subject’s pref- erences, or you change the subject’s preferences such that they fit the facts. While standard preference utilitari- anism focuses on the first strategy, the present paper will explore the prospects and limits of the second strategy. I will firstly argue that there are cases in which it seems morally right to aim at preference satisfaction by prefer- ence change, but secondly acknowledge that an action that induces a global change of preferences doesn’t neces- sarily seem morally right. The real philosophical challenge is to distinguish those cases where altering a subject’s preferences is morally right from those where it isn’t. The paper ends with a skeptical outlook on the possibility of justifying the distinction on purely preference-utilitarian grounds.
Schleiferia
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Luciana
name: Egas, Conceição
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bacteroidetes
Schleiferiaceae
Slightly thermophilic
Aerobic
Chemoorganotrophic

description: The genus Schleiferia comprises one species named Schleiferia thermophila. The organism produces short rod-shaped cells that are 0.5–0.7 µm in width and 0.5–1.5 µm in length. The species is not motile, and does not possess flagella. Gliding motility has not been detected by visual observation. The organism stains Gram-negative and endospores are not observed. Colonies are orange-pigmented. Slightly thermophilic with an optimum growth temperature of about 50ºC. Strictly aerobic. Cytochrome c oxidase and catalase positive. Chemoorganotrophic. Growth factors are necessary for growth in minimal medium. Several carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources, but the polyols tested are not assimilated. Major respiratory quinone of this species is menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The polar lipid profile is dominated by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unidentified aminolipids (ALs) and three unidentified lipids (ULs). Fatty acids are primarily iso-branched, monounsaturated and hydroxy fatty acids. The type strain was isolated from a hydrothermal area. DNA G+C content (mol%): 42.8 (HPLC). DNA G+C content (%): 42.9 (genome). Type species: Schleiferia thermophila Albuquerque, Rainey, Nobre and da Costa 2011, 2453VP.
Role of oxygen-oxygen hopping in the three-band copper-oxide model: quasiparticle weight, metal insulator and magnetic phase boundaries, gap values and optical conductivity
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
name: Medici, Luca de'
name: Millis, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of oxygen-oxygen hopping on the three-band copper-oxide model relevant to high-$T_c$ cuprates, finding that the physics is changed only slightly as the oxygen-oxygen hopping is varied. The location of the metal-insulator phase boundary in the plane of interaction strength and charge transfer energy shifts by $\sim 0.5$eV or less along the charge transfer axis, the quasiparticle weight has approximately the same magnitude and doping dependence and the qualitative characteristics of the electron-doped and hole-doped sides of the phase diagram do not change. The results confirm the identification of La$_2$CuO$_4$ as a material with intermediate correlation strength. However, the magnetic phase boundary as well as higher-energy features of the optical spectrum are found to depend on the magnitude of the oxygen-oxygen hopping. We compare our results to previously published one-band and three-band model calculations.
description: 13.5 pages, 16 figures
The Tree of Wisdom: Maintaining epistemological health within an (emerging) evidence-free environment
Creators: name: Wyer, Peter C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Clinical medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Clinical medicine--Research
subject: Clinical medicine--Decision making
subject: Evidence-based medicine
subject: Knowledge, Theory of
subject: Patient-centered health care

description: Mounting concerns regarding the corruption of the clinical research enterprise by the pharmaceutical industry, as well as demonstrations of the inappropriateness of traditional research designs and consequent clinical guidelines to direct application to patient care, have led to challenges to the integrity of the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement. However, the emerging crisis of confidence in clinical research should be seen as a threat to the viability of the entire healthcare system, not simply to EBM. Efforts of the EBM movement to represent itself as the brokers and mediators of the clinical research-healthcare interface are impediments to a full appreciation of the dilemma. Recognizing the implications of contrasting epistemological stances regarding the relationship of clinical research findings to healthcare policy and practice is essential to maximizing the value of research to the healthcare system. A synergy between empiricism-rationalism epistemologies, particularly conspicuous within the EBM movement, is identified as an important philosophical barrier to achievement of this goal. The notion of an evolutionary hierarchy of knowledge and wisdom is proposed as a vehicle to demonstrate a social constructivist alternative to a dualistic epistemology. Contrasting examples of social constructivist and empiricist-rationalist descriptions of integration of research with healthcare practice are provided for purposes of illustration.
Flow cytometry method for absolute counting and single-cell phenotyping of mycobacteria.
Creators: name: Barr, David A
name: Omollo, Charles
name: Mason, Mandy
name: Koch, Anastasia
name: Wilkinson, Robert J
name: Lalloo, David G
name: Meintjes, Graeme
name: Mizrahi, Valerie
name: Warner, Digby F
name: Davies, Gerry
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Model organisms
subject: Infectious Disease
subject: Human Biology & Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Detection and accurate quantitation of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis is fundamental to understanding mycobacterial pathogenicity, tuberculosis (TB) disease progression and outcomes; TB transmission; drug action, efficacy and drug resistance. Despite this importance, methods for determining numbers of viable bacilli are limited in accuracy and precision owing to inherent characteristics of mycobacterial cell biology-including the tendency to clump, and "differential" culturability-and technical challenges consequent on handling an infectious pathogen under biosafe conditions. We developed an absolute counting method for mycobacteria in liquid cultures using a bench-top flow cytometer, and the low-cost fluorescent dyes Calcein-AM (CA) and SYBR-gold (SG). During exponential growth CA + cell counts are highly correlated with CFU counts and can be used as a real-time alternative to simplify the accurate standardisation of inocula for experiments. In contrast to CFU counting, this method can detect and enumerate cell aggregates in samples, which we show are a potential source of variance and bias when using established methods. We show that CFUs comprise a sub-population of intact, metabolically active mycobacterial cells in liquid cultures, with CFU-proportion varying by growth conditions. A pharmacodynamic application of the flow cytometry method, exploring kinetics of fluorescent probe defined subpopulations compared to CFU is demonstrated. Flow cytometry derived Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) time-kill curves differ for rifampicin and kanamycin versus isoniazid and ethambutol, as do the relative dynamics of discrete morphologically-distinct subpopulations of bacilli revealed by this high-throughput single-cell technique.
Volume Dependence of Bound States with Angular Momentum
Creators: name: König, Sebastian
name: Lee, Dean
name: Hammer, H. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive general results for the mass shift of bound states with angular momentum l >= 1 in a finite periodic volume. Our results have direct applications to lattice simulations of hadronic molecules as well as atomic nuclei. While the binding of S-wave bound states increases at finite volume, we show that the binding of P-wave bound states decreases. The mass shift for D-wave bound states as well as higher partial waves depends on the representation of the cubic rotation group. Nevertheless, the multiplet-averaged mass shift for any angular momentum l can be expressed in a simple form, and the sign of the shift alternates for even and odd l. We verify our analytical results with explicit numerical calculations. We also show numerically that similar volume corrections appear in three-body bound states.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, final version
Polar Patterns in Active Fluids
Creators: name: Giomi, Luca
name: Marchetti, M. Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spatio-temporal dynamics of a model of polar active fluid in two dimensions. The system exhibits a transition from an isotropic to a polarized state as a function of density. The uniform polarized state is, however, unstable above a critical value of activity. Upon increasing activity, the active fluids displays increasingly complex patterns, including traveling bands, traveling vortices and chaotic behavior. The advection arising from the particles self-propulsion and unique to polar fluids yields qualitatively new behavior as compared to that obtain in active nematic, with traveling-wave structures. We show that the nonlinear hydrodynamic equations can be mapped onto a simplified diffusion-reaction-convection model, highlighting the connection between the complex dynamics of active system and that of excitable systems.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
The Roadmap: a blueprint for evidence literacy within a Scientifically Informed Medical Practice and Learning Model
Creators: name: Silva, Suzana Alves
name: Wyer, Peter C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Clinical medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Clinical medicine--Decision making
subject: Evidence-based medicine
subject: Clinical competence

description: Background: A model of clinical practice that encompasses clinical relationships and choices as well as the use of clinical research has yet to be elaborated. We sought a model for Scientifically Informed Medical Practice and Learning (SIMPLE) through integrating concepts borrowed from narrative medicine with the results of a competency-based assessment project.

Methods: The SIMPLE model started by subordinating the cognitive skills within an information literacy model (‘ask’, ‘acquire’, ‘appraise’ and ‘apply’) to the content of clinical actions (‘therapy’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘prognosis’ and ‘harm’).  This enabled a description of problem delineation. The content of these components was developed through an iterative, reflexive approach, elaborating distinctions across all action domains. This led to the “Road Map” component of the model. Clinical action domains were defined within a relational construct.

Results: We defined 3 sub-categories of Problem (utility, performance and likelihood) leading to shared Actions, Choices and Targets (PACT) within the SIMPLE model as a bridge between relational and information literacy fields. The enabling skill ‘ask’ and the “Patients, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes” (PICO) format, was applied uniformly across these categories. ‘Acquire’ was elaborated using a 3-S format (Summaries, Syntheses, Single studies) that links study designs to electronic sources (published synopses, filtered databases and large bibliographical databases). ‘Appraise’ involved evaluation of design-specific susceptibility to error and of importance of the results classified as measures of frequency, effect, impact and precision. Finally, ‘apply’ included assessment of directness of evidence, contextual issues and overall benefits versus risks. Translation of knowledge into action involved constructed priorities and preferences within the relational field.

Conclusion: The Road Map enables linkage of a broad range of patient and practitioner concerns related to clinical action to a comparably broad spectrum of contemporary clinical research. It may usefully guide curricular and instructional approaches. Empirical validation in improving learning outcomes is required.
The Crisis of Peacekeeping: Why the UN Can’t End Wars
Creators: name: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Peacekeeping forces
Peace-building
Peace--International cooperation

description: UN peacekeeping missions fail because they rely on top-down solutions rather than bottom-up strategies that draw on local knowledge. Note: Included is a letter to the editor commenting on the article, along with the author's response.
Hydrodynamics of high-redshift galaxy collisions: From gas-rich disks to dispersion-dominated mergers and compact spheroids
Creators: name: Bournaud, Frederic
name: Chapon, Damien
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Powell, Leila C.
name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Elmegreen, Debra Meloy
name: Duc, Pierre-Alain
name: Contini, Thierry
name: Epinat, Benoit
name: Shapiro, Kristen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disk galaxies at high redshift (z~2) are characterized by high fractions of cold gas, strong turbulence, and giant star-forming clumps. Major mergers of disk galaxies at high redshift should then generally involve such turbulent clumpy disks. Merger simulations, however, model the ISM as a stable, homogeneous, and thermally pressurized medium. We present the first merger simulations with high fractions of cold, turbulent, and clumpy gas. We discuss the major new features of these models compared to models where the gas is artificially stabilized and warmed. Gas turbulence, which is already strong in high-redshift disks, is further enhanced in mergers. Some phases are dispersion-dominated, with most of the gas kinetic energy in the form of velocity dispersion and very chaotic velocity fields, unlike merger models using a thermally stabilized gas. These mergers can reach very high star formation rates, and have multi-component gas spectra consistent with SubMillimeter Galaxies. Major mergers with high fractions of cold turbulent gas are also characterized by highly dissipative gas collapse to the center of mass, with the stellar component following in a global contraction. The final galaxies are early-type with relatively small radii and high Sersic indices, like high-redshift compact spheroids. The mass fraction in a disk component that survives or re-forms after a merger is severely reduced compared to models with stabilized gas, and the formation of a massive disk component would require significant accretion of external baryons afterwards. Mergers thus appear to destroy extended disks even when the gas fraction is high, and this lends further support to smooth infall as the main formation mechanism for massive disk galaxies.
description: ApJ accepted
Specific Dark Matter signatures from hidden U(1)
Creators: name: Mambrini, Yann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several constructions motivate the existence of a dark $U(1)_D$ gauge boson which interacts with the Standard Model only through its kinetic mixing or loop induced processes. We describe two typical examples with specific signatures in particular we show that a region with relatively light WIMPS, $M_{Z_D}\lsim 40$ GeV and a kinetic mixing $10^{-4} \lsim δ\lsim 10^{-3} $ is not yet excluded by the last experimental data and seems to give promising signals in a near future. We also show that conditions from anomaly cancelation generate tri-vector couplings $Z_D Z γ$ leading to a specific gamma ray line observable by FERMI telescope.
description: Proceeding of the XIXth International Workshop on High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory, QFTHEP2010; 6 pages, 4 figures New references added and typos corrected
Linear Amplifier Breakdown and Concentration Properties of a Gaussian Field Given that its $\bm{L^2}$-Norm is Large
Creators: name: Mounaix, Philippe
name: Collet, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G60, 60F99, 60G70

description: In the context of linear amplification for systems driven by the square of a Gaussian noise, we investigate the realizations of a Gaussian field in the limit where its $L^2$-norm is large. Concentration onto the eigenspace associated with the largest eigenvalue of the covariance of the field is proved. When the covariance is trace class, the concentration is in probability for the $L^2$-norm. A stronger concentration, in mean for the sup-norm, is proved for a smaller class of Gaussian fields, and an example of a field belonging to that class is given. A possible connection with Bose-Einstein condensation is briefly discussed.
description: REVTeX file, 11 pages, 1 added paragraph in the introduction, 2 added references, minor modifications in the text and abstract, submitted to J. Stat. Phys
All-optical switching in metamaterial with high structural symmetry
Creators: name: Tuz, Vladimir R.
name: Prosvirnin, Sergey L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue the possibility of realization of a polarization insensitive all-optical switching in a planar metamaterial composed of a 4-fold periodic array of two concentric metal rings placed on a substrate of nonlinear material. It is demonstrated that a switching may be achieved between essentially different values of transmission near the resonant frequency of the high-quality-factor Fano-shape trapped-mode excitation.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
The everyday politics of international intervention
Creators: name: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Peace-building
subject: Peace
subject: Peace--International cooperation
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: What is striking when we look at international peacebuilding programs around the world is that a puzzling pattern recurs: Interveners keep using, reproducing, and perpetuating ways of working that they themselves widely view as ineffective or even counterproductive.
Three flawed ideas are hurting international peacebuilding
Creators: name: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Peace-building
subject: Peace--International cooperation
subject: Peace
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Journalists and academics writing about peacebuilding tend to focus on failures. But the obstacles to peacebuilding are so substantial that the more puzzling question is why international efforts sometimes succeed, rather than why they fail.
Entanglement for discrete-time quantum walks on the line
Creators: name: Ide, Yusuke
name: Konno, Norio
name: Machida, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrete-time quantum walk is a quantum counterpart of the random walk. It is expected that the model plays important roles in the quantum field. In the quantum information theory, entanglement is a key resource. We use the von Neumann entropy to measure the entanglement between the coin and the particle's position of the quantum walks. Also we deal with the Shannon entropy which is an important quantity in the information theory. In this paper, we show limits of the von Neumann entropy and the Shannon entropy of the quantum walks on the one dimensional lattice starting from the origin defined by arbitrary coin and initial state. In order to derive these limits, we use the path counting method which is a combinatorial method for computing probability amplitude.
description: Quantum Information and Computation (in press)
Consistency of the Hamiltonian formulation of the lowest-order effective action of the complete Horava theory
Creators: name: Bellorín, Jorge
name: Restuccia, Alvaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the Hamiltonian analysis for the lowest-order effective action, up to second order in derivatives, of the complete Horava theory. The model includes the invariant terms that depend on \partial_i ln N proposed by Blas, Pujolas and Sibiryakov. We show that the algebra of constraints closes. The "Hamiltonian" constraint is of second-class behavior and it can be regarded as an elliptic partial differential equation for N. The linearized version of this equation is a Poisson equation for N that can be solved consistently. The preservation in time of the Hamiltonian constraint yields an equation that can be consistently solved for a Lagrange multiplier of the theory. The model has six propagating degrees of freedom in the phase space, corresponding to three even physical modes. When compared with the λR model studied by us in a previous paper, it lacks two second-class constraints, which leads to the extra even mode.
description: The Introduction has been expanded. The role of the coupling constants of boundary terms has been clarified. Other minor changes in wording
A Note on Element-wise Matrix Sparsification via a Matrix-valued Bernstein Inequality
Creators: name: Drineas, Petros
name: Zouzias, Anastasios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given an n x n matrix A, we present a simple, element-wise sparsification algorithm that zeroes out all sufficiently small elements of A and then retains some of the remaining elements with probabilities proportional to the square of their magnitudes. We analyze the approximation accuracy of the proposed algorithm using a recent, elegant non-commutative Bernstein inequality, and compare our bounds with all existing (to the best of our knowledge) element-wise matrix sparsification algorithms.
description: 8 pages
New Sensory Frontiers: Cinesthetic Sensation in Aguirre and McCabe and Mrs. Miller
Creators: name: Glickstein, Adina Rose
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Motion pictures
Senses and sensation in motion pictures

description: Through close analysis of scenes from "Aguirre, The Wrath of God" and "McCabe and Mrs. Miller," this paper argues for a style of filmmaking that engages the entire embodied sensorium, opposing the colonialist associations of ocularcentrism.
A percolation transition in Yang-Mills matter at finite number of colours
Creators: name: Lottini, Stefano
name: Torrieri, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine baryonic matter at quark chemical potential of the order of the confinement scale, $μ_q\sim \lqcd$. In this regime, quarks are supposed to be confined but baryons are close to the ``tightly packed limit'' where they nearly overlap in configuration space. We show that this system will exhibit a percolation phase transition {\em when varied in the number of colours} $N_c$: at high $N_c$, large distance correlations at quark level are possible even if the quarks are essentially confined. At low $N_c$, this does not happen. We discuss the relevance of this for dense nuclear matter, and argue that our results suggest a new ``phase transition'', varying $N_c$ at constant $μ_q$.
description: Accepted for publication, Physical Review Letters. Title changed from original, "Quarkyonic percolation at finite number of colors", at the request of the editor
The Only Way to Help Congo
Creators: name: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Civil war
subject: Peace-building
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The situation in Congo keeps deteriorating even though its civil war has officially been over for years and the United Nations’ second largest peacekeeping mission is based there. The international community has failed to help Congo achieve peace and security because it fundamentally misunderstands the causes of the violence.
Imprinting interference fringes in massive optomechanical systems
Creators: name: Steuernagel, Ole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An interferometric scheme for the creation of momentum superposition states of mechanical oscillators, using a quantum mirror kicked by free photons is analyzed. The scheme features ultra-fast preparation with immediate detection and should allow for the observation of signatures of momentum superpositions in a massive macroscopic system at non-zero temperatures. It is robust against thermalized initial states, displacement and movement, mirror imperfections, and the measurements' back-actions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 7 subfigures
Here’s what Congo can teach the world about peace
Creators: name: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Peace-building
subject: Peace
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Congo is usually associated with war, violence and chaos. News reports focus on strife and bloodshed. The coverage of electoral protests last month is no exception. But that’s not true everywhere in the country. I have researched solutions to war and violence in Congo for the past 15 years. With that pursuit in mind, I went to Idjwi.
Jet propagations, breakouts and photospheric emissions in collapsing massive progenitors of long duration gamma ray bursts
Creators: name: Nagakura, Hiroki
name: Ito, Hirotaka
name: Kiuchi, Kenta
name: Yamada, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate by two-dimensional axisymmetric relativistic hydrodynamical simulations (1) jet propagations through an envelope of a rapidly rotating and collapsing massive star, which is supposed to be a progenitor of long duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs), (2) breakouts and subsequent expansions into stellar winds and (3) accompanying photospheric emissions. We find that if the envelope rotates uniformly almost at the mass shedding limit, its outer part stops contracting eventually when the centrifugal force becomes large enough. Then another shock wave is formed, propagates outwards and breaks out of the envelope into the stellar wind. Which breaks out earlier, the jet or the centrifugal bounce-induced shock, depends on the timing of jet injection. If the shock breakout occurs earlier owing to a later injection, the jet propagation and subsequent photospheric emissions are affected substantially. We pay particular attention to observational consequences of the difference in the timing of jet injection. We calculate optical depths to find the location of photospheres, extracting densities and temperatures at appropriate retarded times from the hydrodynamical data. We show that the luminosity and observed temperature of the photospheric emissions are both much lower than those reported in previous studies. Although luminosities are still high enough for GRBs, the observed temperature are lower than the energy at the spectral peak expected by the Yonetoku-relation. This may imply that energy exchanges between photons and matter are terminated deeper inside or some non-thermal processes are operating to boost photon energies.
description: Accepted for publication ApJ
Exploring pathways to incarceration among Indian and Sri Lankan women
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Ntasha
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Globally more than 714,000 women are held in penal institutions either as remanded or convicted prisoners. Existing research highlights the role of abuse; violence; substance use; and structural inequalities such as poverty, social class, and access to education in the lives and carceral pathways of women incarcerated in Western contexts. These studies suggest that the majority of the women are from the most marginalized sections of society, are embedded within unstable families characterized by violence, have high risks for substance abuse, are particularly vulnerable to psychosomatic complaints, and experience heightened consequences resulting from gender inequalities reproduced culturally and institutionally. While studies set in Western contexts serve as a useful guide for research in non-Western settings, due to social and cultural differences, it is essential to carry out country-specific prison pathways research, both to understand women’s unique pathways in context and to build a comparative knowledge base. The limited work available suggests that despite India and Sri Lanka’s proximity and notable cultural similarities, women’s patterns of incarceration in the two countries are quite distinct, with a disproportionate share of women in India incarcerated for family violence while most incarcerated women in Sri Lanka are convicted for vagrancy and excise offenses. This dissertation comparatively investigates pathways to incarceration among women in India and Sri Lanka using a life course/pathways perspective. I utilize 181 qualitative life history interviews, supplemented with information from life event calendars, with incarcerated women in India (N=85) and Sri Lanka (N=96). My findings reveal important similarities and differences across the two sites in women’s pre-carceral experiences, the cultural contexts that shape how they narrate their life stories and criminal offenses, and the social contexts that lead to their incarceration. Findings from the study complicate the monolithic story often told about South Asia and identify the unique experiences that shape women’s pathways to incarceration in India and Sri Lanka, expanding our understanding of the intersections of gender, violence, inequalities, and crime.
Interstellar scintillation of sources B0821+394 and B1812+412 as observed by the LPA LPI radio telescope
Creators: name: Tyul'bashev, S. A.
name: Chashei, I. V.
name: Grishanova, I. A.
name: Tyul'basheva, G. E.
name: Subaev, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for long-term variability of compact components of radio sources B0821+394 and B1812+412 over an interval of 10 years was carried out. The LPA LPI radio telescope with an operating frequency of 111 MHz was used for observations. According to our estimates, the characteristic time of variability for both sources is 1.5-2.5 years. It is shown that the observed variability is not related to intrinsic variations in the radiation flux, but is due to refractive scintillation on inhomogeneities of the interstellar medium. From the obtained upper estimates of the apparent angular dimensions of the sources, it follows that the main contribution to the scattering of radio emission is made by turbulent plasma concentrated in sufficiently thin screens, the distance to which does not exceed 300-400 pc.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, published in Astronomy Reports, translated by Yandex translator with correction of scientific lexis
Nucleotide proofreading functions by nematode RAD51 paralogs facilitate optimal RAD51 filament function.
Creators: name: Špírek, Mário
name: Taylor, Martin RG
name: Belan, Ondrej
name: Boulton, Simon J
name: Krejci, Lumir
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Model organisms
Biochemistry & Proteomics
Genetics & Genomics
Genome Integrity & Repair
Cell Biology
Cell Cycle & Chromosomes

description: The RAD51 recombinase assembles as helical nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and mediates invasion and strand exchange with homologous duplex DNA (dsDNA) during homologous recombination (HR), as well as protection and restart of stalled replication forks. Strand invasion by RAD51-ssDNA complexes depends on ATP binding. However, RAD51 can bind ssDNA in non-productive ADP-bound or nucleotide-free states, and ATP-RAD51-ssDNA complexes hydrolyse ATP over time. Here, we define unappreciated mechanisms by which the RAD51 paralog complex RFS-1/RIP-1 limits the accumulation of RAD-51-ssDNA complexes with unfavorable nucleotide content. We find RAD51 paralogs promote the turnover of ADP-bound RAD-51 from ssDNA, in striking contrast to their ability to stabilize productive ATP-bound RAD-51 nucleoprotein filaments. In addition, RFS-1/RIP-1 inhibits binding of nucleotide-free RAD-51 to ssDNA. We propose that 'nucleotide proofreading' activities of RAD51 paralogs co-operate to ensure the enrichment of active, ATP-bound RAD-51 filaments on ssDNA to promote HR.
Trouble in Peaceland
Creators: name: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Peace-building
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In May 2010, in an attempt to bring state authority back to war-torn parts of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) began helping the Congolese police deploy officers to particularly volatile villages. Aided by other international peacebuilding organizations, the U.N. built new police stations and flew in officers from other parts of the country — part of a strategy to avoid corruption by introducing detached and uncompromised ranks. Once the police were established and the area was secured, or so the plan went, other government representatives would soon follow. After the deployment process had finished, U.N. officials in New York claimed that an important step had been accomplished toward fulfilling their mandate to stabilize Congo and return peace. In reality, however, it only made the situation much, much worse.
Combinatorial methods of character enumeration for the unitriangular group
Creators: name: Marberg, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\UT_n(q)$ denote the group of unipotent $n\times n$ upper triangular matrices over a field with $q$ elements. The degrees of the complex irreducible characters of $\UT_n(q)$ are precisely the integers $q^e$ with $0\leq e\leq \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor \lfloor \frac{n-1}{2} \rfloor$, and it has been conjectured that the number of irreducible characters of $\UT_n(q)$ with degree $q^e$ is a polynomial in $q-1$ with nonnegative integer coefficients (depending on $n$ and $e$). We confirm this conjecture when $e\leq 8$ and $n$ is arbitrary by a computer calculation. In particular, we describe an algorithm which allows us to derive explicit bivariate polynomials in $n$ and $q$ giving the number of irreducible characters of $\UT_n(q)$ with degree $q^e$ when $n>2e$ and $e\leq 8$. When divided by $q^{n-e-2}$ and written in terms of the variables $n-2e-1$ and $q-1$, these functions are actually bivariate polynomials with nonnegative integer coefficients, suggesting an even stronger conjecture concerning such character counts. As an application of these calculations, we are able to show that all irreducible characters of $\UT_n(q)$ with degree $\leq q^8$ are Kirillov functions. We also discuss some related results concerning the problem of counting the irreducible constituents of individual supercharacters of $\UT_n(q)$.
description: 34 pages, 5 tables
There’s another way to build peace. And it doesn’t come from the top down.
Creators: name: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Peace-building
subject: Peace
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: We tend to look at what went wrong when we’ve tried to resolve conflicts. My new research takes a different approach and looks at what has gone right. To stop wars, an essential first step is to understand how people have actually succeeded in building peace.
Resting heart rate and arterial stiffness relationship in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Sima, Carmen Aurelia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known to have an increased risk of ischemic heart disease. Persistently elevated resting heart rate and arterial stiffness, two common clinical manifestations in COPD, are known determinants of myocardial ischemia as well as predictors of cardiovascular events. Controversies exist on the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on these ischemic heart disease risk factors. No study has explored the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on the resting heart rate - arterial stiffness relationship in COPD. Objectives and Methods: The overall objectives of this dissertation were to provide a comprehensive investigation of the resting heart rate and arterial stiffness in patients with COPD, and explore the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on their relationship in this population. We describe the association between resting heart rate and prior myocardial infarction in patients with chronic lung disease attending pulmonary rehabilitation (Chapter 2). We test the reliability of resting heart rate and arterial stiffness measurements in COPD patients (Chapters 3 and 4). We determine the association between resting heart rate and arterial stiffness (Chapter 5), and explore the potential beneficial effects of standard pulmonary rehabilitation on resting heart rate and/or arterial stiffness in COPD (Chapter 6). Summary of findings: We showed that an elevated resting heart rate is a potential indicator of prior myocardial infarction in patients with chronic lung disease (Chapter 2). Resting heart rate and arterial stiffness measurements have excellent and substantial reliability, respectively, under a standardized procedure in COPD patients (Chapters 3 and 4). The association between resting heart rate and arterial stiffness in control subjects is not present in patients with COPD (Chapter 5). Standard pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD reduces arterial stiffness, but not resting heart rate, and does not impact the resting heart rate - arterial stiffness relationship (Chapter 6). Conclusions: This dissertation provides new knowledge on resting heart rate and arterial stiffness, as well as on the potential beneficial effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on these two ischemic heart disease risk factors in COPD patients.
Di-photon Higgs signal at the LHC: a comparative study for different supersymmetric models
Creators: name: Cao, Junjie
name: Heng, Zhaoxia
name: Liu, Tao
name: Yang, Jin Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the most important discovery channel for a light Higgs boson at the LHC, the di-photon signal $gg->h->γγ$ is sensitive to underlying physics. In this work we investigate such a signal in a comparative way by considering three different supersymmetric models, namely the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) and the nearly minimal supersymmetric standard model (nMSSM). Under the current collider and cosmological constraints we scan over the parameter space and obtain the following observation in the allowed parameter space: (i) In the nMSSM the signal rate is always suppressed; (ii) In the MSSM the signal rate is suppressed in most cases, but in a tiny corner of the parameter space it can be enhanced (maximally by a factor of 2); (iii) In the NMSSM the signal rate can be enhanced or suppressed depending on the parameter space, and the enhancement factor can be as large as 7.
description: Version in PLB (discussions added)
Multipartite entanglement detection from correlation tensors
Creators: name: de Vicente, Julio I.
name: Huber, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a general framework for detecting genuine multipartite entanglement and non full-separability in multipartite quantum systems of arbitrary dimensions based on correlation tensors. Regarding genuine multipartite entanglement our conditions are comparable to previous approaches in the case of qubits while they show particular strength in the relatively unexplored case of higher dimensional systems. In the case of non-full separability our conditions prove to be advantageous in situations where more than two-body correlations are relevant, where most previous conditions turned out to be weak. Moreover, they allow for the detection of fully bound entangled states. Finally, we also discuss experimentally-friendly ways of implementing our conditions, which are based on directly measurable quantities.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures; references added; replaced with published version
An Example of Quantum Anomaly in the Physics of Ultra-Cold Gases
Creators: name: Olshanii, Maxim
name: Perrin, Hélène
name: Lorent, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we propose an experimental scheme for observation of a quantum anomaly---quantum-mechanical symmetry breaking---in a two-dimensional harmonically trapped Bose gas. The anomaly manifests itself in a shift of the monopole excitation frequency away from the value dictated by the Pitaevskii-Rosch dynamical symmetry [L. P. Pitaevskii and A. Rosch, Phys. Rev. A, 55, R853 (1997)]. While the corresponding classical Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the derived from it hydrodynamic equations do exhibit this symmetry, it is---as we show in our paper---violated under quantization. The resulting frequency shift is of the order of 1% of the carrier, well in reach for modern experimental techniques. We propose using the dipole oscillations as a frequency gauge.
description: Misprints corrected, a discussion on damping added, text is polished and shortened. 5 pages, 1 figure
W-pair production in modified perturbation theory
Creators: name: Nekrasov, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine capabilities of the modified perturbation theory (MPT) for description of the processes with productions and decays of fundamental unstable particles. We calculate total cross-section for $e^{+} e^{-} \to γ,Z \to W^{+} W^{-} \to 4f$ in a model with the Dyson-resummed and with the MPT-expanded up to the NNLO Breit-Wigner factors, and compare the outcomes. At the ILC energies a coincidence of the outcomes is detected with precision better than one per-mille.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, matches MPLA version
Electrostatic Barrier against Dust Growth in Protoplanetary Disks. I. Classifying the Evolution of Size Distribution
Creators: name: Okuzumi, Satoshi
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
name: Takeuchi, Taku
name: Sakagami, Masa-aki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collisional growth of submicron-sized dust grains into macroscopic aggregates is the first step of planet formation in protoplanetary disks. These grains are expected to carry nonzero negative charges in the weakly ionized disks, but its effect on their collisional growth has not been fully understood so far. In this paper, we investigate how the charging affects the evolution of the dust size distribution properly taking into account the charging mechanism in a weakly ionized gas as well as porosity evolution through low-energy collisions. To clarify the role of the size distribution, we divide our analysis into two steps. First, we analyze the collisional growth of charged aggregates assuming a monodisperse (i.e., narrow) size distribution. We show that the monodisperse growth stalls due to the electrostatic repulsion when a certain condition is met, as is already expected in the previous work. Second, we numerically simulate dust coagulation using Smoluchowski's method to see how the outcome changes when the size distribution is allowed to freely evolve. We find that, under certain conditions, the dust undergoes bimodal growth where only a limited number of aggregates continue to grow carrying the major part of the dust mass in the system. This occurs because remaining small aggregates efficiently sweep up free electrons to prevent the larger aggregates from being strongly charged. We obtain a set of simple criteria that allows us to predict how the size distribution evolves for a given condition. In Paper II (arXiv:1009.3101), we apply these criteria to dust growth in protoplanetary disks.
description: 20 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Moduli spaces of framed instanton bundles on CP^3 and twistor sections of moduli spaces of instantons on C^2
Creators: name: Jardim, Marcos
name: Verbitsky, Misha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the moduli space $M$ of holomorphic vector bundles on $CP^3$ that are trivial along a line is isomorphic (as a complex manifold) to a subvariety in the moduli of rational curves of the twistor space of the moduli space of framed instantons on $\R^4$, called the space of twistor sections. We then use this characterization to prove that $M$ is equipped with a torsion-free affine connection with holonomy in $Sp(2n,\C)$.
description: v. 3.0, 15 pages, many small corrections, thanks to the referee