cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characterization of sputtered hafnium thin films for high quality factor microwave kinetic inductance detectors
Creators: name: Coiffard, G.
name: Daal, M.
name: Zobrist, N.
name: Swimmer, N.
name: Steiger, S.
name: Bumble, B.
name: Mazin, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hafnium is an elemental superconductor which crystallizes in a hexagonal close packed structure, has a transition temperature $T_{C} \simeq 400 mK$, and has a high normal state resistivity around $90 μΩ. cm$. In Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs), these properties are advantageous since they allow for creating detectors sensitive to optical and near infra-red radiation. In this work, we study how sputter conditions and especially the power applied to the target during the deposition, affect the hafnium $T_{C}$, resistivity, stress, texture and preferred crystal orientation. We find that the position of the target with respect to the substrate strongly affects the orientation of the crystallites in the films and the internal quality factor, $Q_{i}$, of MKIDs fabricated from the films. In particular, we demonstrate that a DC magnetron sputter deposition at a normal angle of incidence, low pressure, and low plasma power promotes the growth of compressive (002)-oriented films and that such films can be used to make high quality factor MKIDs with $Q_{i}$ up to 600,000.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Submitted to SUST
title: Content-Gestaltung und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Augmented Reality in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken
Creators: name: Heeg, Lisa
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Augmented Reality (AR), die Erweiterung der Realität durch computergenerierte Zusatzobjekte, kommt bisher hauptsächlich in Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken (WB) zum Einsatz. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich deshalb mit den Einsatzmöglichkeiten von AR in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken (ÖB). Betrachtet wird dabei die Realisierung von AR über eigenständig gestalteten Content mittels Anbietern im Internet und dazugehörigen Browser-Apps. Dies stellt eine kostengünstige und barrierefreie Alternative zur Programmierung von Apps dar. Dafür wird zunächst ein theoretischer Überblick gegeben, indem AR definiert wird und die technischen Grundlagen, wie Trackingverfahren und Interfaces, erläutert werden. Darauf folgen, zur Un-termauerung der Diskrepanz zwischen WB und ÖB, Beispiele für umgesetzte Projekte aus beiden Sparten. Anschließend wird auf die allgemeinen Einsatzgebiete und Potenziale von AR sowie die Aufgaben von ÖBs eingegangen. Die daraus abgeleiteten Einsatzmöglichkeiten von AR für Öffentliche Bibliotheken, Navigation und Orientierung, Bestandserweiterung, Veranstaltungen, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit/Marketing/Werbung sowie Informationskompetenz, werden erläutert. Zur Content-Gestaltung werden zunächst Grundvoraussetzungen genannt und die Funktionsweise der AR-Anbieter im Internet erklärt. Im Anschluss werden die Anbieter Blippar, HP Reveal, Layar, ROAR, Wikitude und Zappar, auf Grundlage eines zuvor erstellten Kriterienkatalogs, hinsichtlich ihres Funktionsumfangs verglichen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass sich die Anbieter zwar alle ähneln, bezüglich spezieller Funktionen und Kosten aber unterscheiden. Am besten schneidet dabei Zappar ab. Ergänzend werden danach die verschiedenen Arten von Content näher betrachtet. Zur Veranschaulichung der leichten Realisierbarkeit von AR werden zwei praktische Beispiele umgesetzt. Zum Abschluss werden Grenzen und Probleme, auch aus rechtlicher Perspektive, betrachtet. Diese schränken die Content-Gestaltung und die Einsatzmöglichkeiten nur wenig ein, womit die Content-Gestaltung von AR für den Einsatz in ÖBs sehr gut geeignet ist.
Meta Heusser-Schweizer an Unbekannt
Creators: name: Heusser-Schweizer, Meta
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1864

description: Textincipit: "Liebes glückliches Elternpaar! / Nur ein herzinniges: Gott sei Lob u. Dank! und ein / herzfreundliches Willkommen der kleinen neuen Erden- / pilgerin, [...]"
Phase-Space Description of Momentum Spectra in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Deinet, Werner
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a phase-space model for particle production in nuclear collisions. Once the multiplicities of the individual particle species are known, single-inclusive momentum spectra can be computed after making simplifying assumptions for the matrix element for multiparticle production. Comparison of the calculated spectra with data for pions and kaons from central Pb+Pb collisions at E_{Lab}=158 AGeV reveals a residual longitudinal phase-space dominance in the final state of the reaction. We account for this by modifying the isotropic, relativistic invariant phase space in a way which retains boost invariance in beam direction but suppresses large transverse momenta. Adjusting a single parameter, we obtain a reasonably good description of transverse momentum and rapidity spectra for both pions and kaons.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, revtex4, v3: minor revisions
SNR G39.2-0.3, an Hadronic Cosmic Rays Accelerator
Creators: name: Wilhelmi, Emma de Ona
name: Sushch, Iurii
name: Brose, Robert
name: Mestre, Enrique
name: Su, Yang
name: Zanin, Roberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results obtained with gamma-ray satellites have established supernova remnants as accelerators of GeV hadronic cosmic rays. In such processes, CRs accelerated in SNR shocks interact with particles from gas clouds in their surrounding. In particular, the rich medium in which core-collapse SNRs explode provides a large target density to boost hadronic gamma-rays. SNR G39.2-0.3 is one of the brightest SNR in infrared wavelengths, and its broad multiwavelength coverage allows detailed modelling of its radiation from radio to high energies. We reanalyzed the Fermi-LAT data on this region and compare it with new radio observations from the MWISP survey. The modelling of the spectral energy distribution from radio to GeV energies favors a hadronic origin of the gamma-ray emission and constrains the SNR magnetic field to be at least ~100 uG. Despite the large magnetic field, the present acceleration of protons seems to be limited to ~10 GeV, which points to a drastic slow down of the shock velocity due to the dense wall traced by the CO observations, surrounding the remnant. Further investigation of the gamma-ray spectral shape points to a dynamically old remnant subjected to severe escape of CRs and a decrease of acceleration efficiency. The low-energy peak of the gamma-ray spectrum also suggests that that the composition of accelerated particles might be enriched by heavy nuclei which is certainly expected for a core-collapse SNR. Alternatively, the contribution of the compressed pre-existing Galactic cosmic rays is discussed, which is, however, found to not likely be the dominant process for gamma-ray production.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS 2020 July 8
Soil Degradation: A Threat to Developing-Country Food Security by 2020?
Creators: name: Scherr, Sara J.
name: Scherr, Sara J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Land Economics/Use

description: While there is growing appreciation for our soil re sources and the need to as sure sustain ability in their management, we do not as yet fully understand where, when, and how soil degradation affects food security; how important this problem is relative to other constraints in developing countries; and what policy and other actions to take to mitigate adverse effects of soil degradation. Until relatively recently, there has been a dearth of research on this topic, leading to uninformed dialogues and debates and leaving policymakers some what at a loss about whether and what to do to address soil degradation threats to food security. In this comprehensive paper, Sara J. Scherr lucidly explains why and when soil degradation should be of particular concern to policymakers interested in assuring food security. She reviews over 80 recent studies to assess the past and present food-security related effects of soil degradation, and, on the basis of this evidence and assessments of the likely future trends in agricultural land use, she predicts future patterns of soil degradation and the threats they pose to food security in the developing world by 2020. Scherr convincingly argues that soil degradation does not have to threaten food security in developing countries and provides guidance on policy and research priorities to reduce these threats in each of the major pathways of agricultural land use in developing countries.
Quantum size effects in thermodynamic superconducting properties of ultra thin films
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: Zhu, Zhenyue
name: Xie, X. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using multi-bands BCS theory, we have calculated the superconductivity energy gap and the critical temperature of a thin-film metallic superconductor. The thermodynamic superconducting characteristics such as critical magnetic field, specific heat, as well as the tunneling conductance are investigated for varying film thickness and temperature. We find the oscillation of thermodynamic superconducting properties with the film thickness, including the thermodynamic critical field $H_c$, the specific heat of normal, superconducting state, and position of the differential tunneling conductance peak. The two universal constants the nth sub-band energy gap $Δ_n$ at temperature $T=0K$ over $k_BT_c$, and the specific heat jump at $T_c$ over normal state specific heat at $T_c$ are independent of the film thickness. Their values are the same as in the bulk superconductor.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
அகநானூற்றில் கற்பியல் வாழ்விற்கான நெறிகள்
Creators: name: முனைவர் தி. அறக்கலைச்செல்வி பிஎச்.டி.,
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200315 Indian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200520 Indian Literature

description: அகநானூற்றில் கற்பியல் வாழ்வியலுக்கான நீதி நெறிகள் கற்பு வாழ்வில் கூற்று நிகழ்த்துபவர்களாக தலைவன், தலைவி, தோழி, பரத்தை ஆகியோர் திகழ்கின்றனர். இல்லறத்தை நல்லறமாக கொண்டுச் செல்ல தலைவி இல்லதிலிருந்து கடமைகளைச் செய்கிறாள். தலைவனின் புறத்தொழுக்கத்தை தோழியும் தலைவியும் இடித்துரைக்கின்றாள். இவை பற்றி இக்கட்டுரை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறது.
Seguridad Alimentaria y Estrategias Sociales: Su Contribución a la Seguridad Nutricional en Áreas Urbanas de América Latina
Creators: name: Sanchez-Grinan, Maria Ines
name: Sanchez-Grinan, Maria Ines
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: América Latina sufre actualmente un cambio de su perfil demográfico y de salud humana. Setenta y cinco por ciento de la población de la región vive ahora en las zonas urbanas; hay más gente pobre en las ciudades que en el campo. Cuarenta por ciento de la población urbana es pobre y 6 millones de niños, muchos de ellos de las zonas urbanas, padecen malnutrición. Los pobres del sector urbano consumen más alimentos preparados de bajo costo, con alto contenido de grasas y azúcares, que los del sector rural y pueden llevar una vida más sedentaria. Como consecuencia, a medida que avanza la urbanización, más y más personas son víctimas de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como la cardiopatía. Los pobres del sector urbano sufren lo peor del mundo industrializado y del mundo en desarrollo: carecen de ingresos suficientes para comprar todos los alimentos de alta calidad que necesitan y viven en condiciones de miseria con acceso limitado a servicios de salud. Como resultado, los adultos de muchas familias de la región son obesos por consumir una alimentación de mala calidad, pero los niños están malnutridos por enfermedad y falta de alimentos. En este documento de trabajo, parte de la serie de la visión de la alimentación, la agricultura y el medio ambiente en el año 2020 del IFPRI, se examinan las complejas dificultades que presenta el medio urbano para la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición en América Latina. Se expresa particular interés en la interacción de la malnutrición con la salud y la naturaleza de las respuestas institucionales necesarias, en vista de la nueva importancia dada en la región al fomento de la participación del sector privado y la comunidad en la prestación de asistencia social. En este documento se señala la vía conducente a una respuesta institucional y sectorial integrada a estas amenazas para la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de la población de las zonas urbanas, que permitirá a la región materializar la visión de un mundo que haya superado su grave situación de pobreza, malnutrición e inseguridad alimentaria al llegar el año 2020.
Sound velocities of Lennard-Jones systems near the liquid-solid phase transition
Creators: name: Khrapak, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Longitudinal and transverse sound velocities of Lennard-Jones systems are calculated at the liquid-solid coexistence using the additivity principle. The results are shown to agree well with the ``exact'' values obtained from their relations to excess energy and pressure. Some consequences, in particular, in the context of the Lindemann's melting rule and Stokes-Einstein relation between the self-diffusion and viscosity coefficients are discussed. Comparison with available experimental data on the sound velocities of solid argon at melting conditions is provided.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, published in Molecules
Johann Jakob Heusser an Meta Heusser-Schweizer
Creators: name: Heusser, Johann Jakob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1828

description: Enthält als Beilage eine Transkription des Briefes. / Textincipit: "Liebe Frau! / Es freute mich zu vernemmen dass du und unser l. Theodor / in Zürich vergnügt leben, [...]"
Desafíos para la vi sión 2020 en América Latina: la alimentación y la agricultura desde 1970
Creators: name: Garrett, James L.
name: Garrett, James L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Uno de los ele men tos nece sarios para proyec tar una visión del futuro con siste en entender dónde hemos estado antes. Como parte de la inicia tiva de la visión 2020 del IFPRI, en varios seminarios region ales cele bra dos en Amé rica Latina, Asia Meridi onal y África al Sur del Sahara se reunieron inves tigadores, anal istas, auto ridades de nivel nor mativo y espe cial is tas técnicos para for mular estrate gias region ales des tinadas a erra di car el ham bre y la mal nutrición en el año 2020 y, al mismo tiempo, pro teger el medio ambi ente. En el docu mento de tra bajo No. 6 se pre sentaron la visión 2020 y el plan de acción para Amé rica Latina. Una ver sión ante rior de ese docu mento, pre parada para el semi nario lati noamericano, per mitió emplear la infor mación del pasado para los debates del futuro. En este docu mento se sub rayan los logros y difi cultades expe rimentados por la región desde 1970 sobre las cues tio nes rela cio na das con la ali mentación, la agri cultura y el medio ambiente. Tam bién se seña lan cam pos que exi girán espe cial aten ción para que la región alcance el obje tivo de la visión 2020. Entre esos esfuer zos se des taca la nece sidad de abor dar con éxito los pro ce sos de trans formación polí tica y eco nómica que ocu rren en la región, espe cialmente la de fomen tar la com petitividad del sis tema de pro ducción ali mentaria y agrí cola de una forma ecológicamente sos tenible y mejo rar el futuro de los peque ños agri cultores y la pobla ción pobre del sec tor rural. América Latina tiene vas tos recur sos huma nos y natu ra les que pue den for mar la base para materializar la visión 2020. Esta tarea exi girá un esfuerzo dedi cado y coor dinado de todos los sectores de la socie dad, pero puede rea lizarse. La clave estará en apren der del pasado, deter mi - nar cuá les son las res tricciones de impor tan cia crí tica y adap tar las acti vidades en curso a las condiciones nacio nales y loca les par ticulares. El pre sente docu mento es un aporte a ese empeño.
Di-Electron Bremsstrahlung in Intermediate-Energy pn and Dp Collisions
Creators: name: Kaptari, L. P.
name: Kampfer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invariant mass spectra of di-electrons stemming from bremsstrahlung processes are calculated in a covariant diagrammatical approach for the exclusive reaction D p \to p_{\rm sp} n p e^+ e^- with detection of a forward spectator proton, p_{sp}. We employ an effective nucleon-meson theory for parameterizing the sub-reaction n p \to n p e^+ e^- and, within the Bethe-Salpeter formalism, derive a factorization of the cross section in the form {dσ_{D p \to p_{\rm sp} n p e^+ e^-}}/{dM}= {dσ_{n p \to n p e^+ e^-}}/{dM} \times kinematical factor related solely to the deuteron (M is the e^+ e^- invariant mass). The effective nucleon-meson interactions, including the exchange mesons π, σ, ωand ρas well as excitation and radiative decay of Δ(1232), have been adjusted to the process pp \to pp e^+ e^- at energies below the vector meson production threshold. At higher energies, contributions from ωand ρmeson excitations are analyzed in both, NN and Dp collisions. A relation to two-step models is discussed. Subthreshold di-electron production in Dp collisions at low spectator momenta is investigated as well. Calculations have been performed for kinematical conditions envisaged for forthcoming experiments at HADES.
Quantum Down Conversion and Multipartite Entanglement via a Mesoscopic SQUID Ring
Creators: name: Stiffell, P. B.
name: Everitt, M. J.
name: Clark, T. D.
name: Harland, C. J.
name: Ralph, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study, by analogy with quantum optics, the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) ring mediated quantum mechanical interaction of an input electromagnetic field oscillator mode with two or more output oscillator modes at subintegers of the input frequency. We show that through the nonlinearity of the SQUID ring multiphoton downconversion can take place between the input and output modes with the resultant output photons being created in an entangled state. We also demonstrate that the degree of this entanglement can be adjusted by means of a static magnetic flux which controls the strength of the interaction between these modes via the SQUID ring.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
All-electrical monitoring of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility in a microfluidic device
Creators: name: Yang, Yichao
name: Gupta, Kalpana
name: Ekinci, Kamil L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The lack of rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests adversely affects the treatment of bacterial infections and contributes to increased prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria. Here, we describe an all-electrical approach that allows for ultra-sensitive measurement of growth signals from only tens of bacteria in a microfluidic device. Our device is essentially a set of microfluidic channels, each with a nano-constriction at one end and cross-sectional dimensions close to that of a single bacterium. Flowing a liquid bacteria sample (e.g., urine) through the microchannels rapidly traps the bacteria in the device, allowing for subsequent incubation in drugs. We measure the electrical resistance of the microchannels, which increases (or decreases) in proportion to the number of bacteria in the microchannels. The method and device allow for rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests in about two hours. Further, the short-time fluctuations in the electrical resistance during an antibiotic susceptibility test are correlated with the morphological changes of bacteria caused by the antibiotic. In contrast to other electrical approaches, the underlying geometric blockage effect provides a robust and sensitive signal, which is straightforward to interpret without electrical models. The approach also obviates the need for a high-resolution microscope and other complex equipment, making it potentially usable in resource-limited settings.
description: Main article 8 pages, 4 figures; supplementary 15 pages, 6 figure, 4 tables, 2 movies
Land Degradation in the Developing World: Implications for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment to 2020
Creators: name: Scherr, Sara J.
name: Yadav, Satya N.
name: Scherr, Sara J.
name: Yadav, Satya N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Among the most problematic issues considered as part of IFPRI’s 2020 Vision initiative, which seeks to develop an international consensus on how to meet future food needs while reducing poverty and protecting the environment, are the environmental questions. And the issues addressed in this discussion paper is particularly difficult. How is land degradation affecting the ability of farmers to produce adequate food supplies today, and what is the prognosis for the year 2020? As populations grow, farmers are forced to cultivate smaller and smaller plots, where the soil eventually becomes depleted, or they expand onto marginal lands-fragile hillsides, semi-arid areas, cleared forestland. Once these lands become damage, can they be repaired? These questions are hard to answer because little has been done to quantify and categorize the degraded lands. We need to know where degradation is occurring, what forced have caused it, and what steps must be taken to rehabilitate degraded land. More than anything we need to know what policies work to promote good land husbandry in developing countries, where farmers mostly degrade the land out of necessity, not greed. The workshop that led the land to thus paper is only a first step in a concerted effort to identify the regional “hot spot” where degradation is now rampant and the “bright spots” here remediation is already underway. The most important contribution of the participants of this workshop, however, is the list of 10 policy recommendations they devised to encourage better management of agricultural lands. If the 2020 Vision is to become a reality, we must begin to put their recommendation into practice.
Nonfarm Consumption of Fluid Milk and Cream: A Revised Series of Statistics (United States, 1924-50, Urban Markets, 1944)
Creators: name: O’Donnell, P. E.
name: O’Donnell, P. E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1954
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report Preface: The study reported in this publication was initiated for two purposes. The first of these was the construction of a benchmark estimate of the annual consumption of fluid milk and cream by the nonfarm population for the calendar year 1944. A benchmark was needed for checking and, if necessary, revising the previously published series of annual data showing consumption of fluid milk and cream in cities and villages in the United States. The benchmark indicated that a revision in the level of the series for 1944 should be made. After the level of the series was revised for 1944, the entire series from 1924 through 1950 was reviewed and certain changes were made in it. The second purpose was publication of estimates of the annual per capita consumption of fluid milk and fluid cream for each State and for many urban markets for which such information had not previously been available. This report embodies the revised series showing annual consumption of fluid milk and cream in cities and villages for 1924-50, the benchmark estimates for each State and for the United States, and the sample indications obtained from 114 separate urban milk markets, together with a discussion of the methods by which the sample indications were obtained and combined.
Persistent Homology and Applied Homotopy Theory
Creators: name: Carlsson, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N31 primary, 62R40, 68T09 secondary

description: This paper is a survey of persistent homology, primarily as it is used in topological data analysis. It includes the theory of persistence modules, as well as stability theorems for persistence barcodes, generalized persistence, vectorization of persistence barcodes, as well as some applications.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures
Geopolítica das Fronteiras: Interfaces entre Fronteira e Tráfico Humano na Região das Guianas
Creators: name: Silva, Brenda Farias Da
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A Região das Guianas, localizada no norte da América do Sul, é composta por cinco Estados: Venezuela, Brasil, República Cooperativa da Guiana e Coletividade Territorial da Guiana Francesa. Há uma extensa reserva de recursos naturais na região, como ouro e diamantes, o que leva à instalação de garimpos – formais e informais – e estes trazem consigo problemas como tráficos de armas, drogas e humano. Esse último ultrapassa fronteiras e atinge, segundo dados de 2016, quase 64 mil vítimas. Para compreendermos como se formam as redes ilegais nas regiões de fronteira, precisamos entender como funciona a geopolítica das mesmas, o que nos possibilita traçar um panorama do tráfico humano e investigar como a prática ocorre nessas regiões. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar questões teóricas da geopolítica de fronteiras e correlaciona-las com a prática do tráfico de pessoas. Além disso, o estudo visa dar um breve panorama de como a prática afeta as fronteiras brasileiras, mais especificamente as fronteiras da Região das Guianas, que apresenta uma forte ligação entre o garimpo de ouro e o tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual. O artigo é dividido em duas sessões principais, que buscam apontar os pontos relevantes para a compreensão do tema explorado. A metodologia utilizada para a pesquisa foi levantamento bibliográfico – artigos, livros e trabalhos acadêmicos – e documental – pesquisas realizadas por instituições governamentais e não governamentais, além de pesquisa de campo realizada entre novembro e dezembro de 2017. Como resultado do levantamento, foi possível perceber as diferentes dinâmicas nas fronteiras da Região das Guianas e como essas dinâmicas afetam as redes de tráfico de pessoas.
Johann Bernhard Spyri an Theodor
Creators: name: Spyri, Johann Bernhard
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1872

description: Enthält Brief vermutlich an Theodor Heusser. / Textincipit: "Lieber Theodor! / Dein Brief hat uns Alle mit Schmerz u. Trauer erfüllt: [...]"
Physics with a very first low-energy beta-beam
Creators: name: Volpe, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the importance of having low-energy (10-100 MeV) neutrino beams produced through the decay of boosted radioactive ions (``beta-beams''). We focus on the interest for neutrino-nucleus interaction studies and their impact for astrophysics, nuclear and particle physics. In particular, we discuss the relation to neutrinoless double-beta decay. Finally, we mention the status as far as the feasibility of low-energy beta-beams is concerned.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings to NUFACT05, June 21-26, 2005
Application of machine learning potentials to predict grain boundary properties in fcc elemental metals
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Takayuki
name: Seko, Atsuto
name: Tanaka, Isao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate interatomic potentials are in high demand for large-scale atomistic simulations of materials that are prohibitively expensive by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. In this study, we apply machine learning potentials in a recently constructed repository to the prediction of the grain boundary energy in face-centered-cubic elemental metals, i.e., Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Pd, and Pt. The systematic application of machine learning potentials shows that they enable us to predict grain boundary structures and their energies accurately. The grain boundary energies predicted by the MLPs are in agreement with those calculated by DFT, although no grain boundary structures were included in training datasets of the present MLPs.
Convection and observable properties of late-type giants
Creators: name: Kucinskas, A.
name: Ludwig, H. -G.
name: Hauschildt, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that contrary to what is expected from 1D stationary model atmospheres, 3D hydrodynamical modeling predicts a considerable influence of convection on the spectral properties of late-type giants. This is due to the fact that convection overshoots into the formally stable outer atmospheric layers producing a notable granulation pattern in the 3D hydrodynamical models, which has a direct influence on the observable spectra and colors. Within the framework of standard 1D model atmospheres the average thermal stratification of the 3D hydro model can not be reproduced with any reasonable choice of the mixing length parameter and formulation of the turbulent pressure. The differences in individual photometric colors -- in terms of 3D versus 1D -- reach up to ~0.2 mag, or ΔTeff~70K. We discuss the impact of full 3D hydrodynamical models on the interpretation of observable properties of late-type giants, briefly mentioning problems and challenges which need to be solved for bringing these models to a routine use within the astronomical community in 5-10 years from now.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the IAU Symposium 232 "The Scientific Requirements for Extremely Large Telescopes", eds. P. Whitelock, B. Leibundgut, and M. Dennefeld
Agricultura, Cambio Tecnológico y Medio Ambiente en América Latina: Una Perspectiva para el Año 2020
Creators: name: Trigo, Eduardo J.
name: Trigo, Eduardo J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: International Development

description: En marzo de 1995, como parte de la iniciativa Visión 2020 del Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI), este Instituto, junto con el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA), patrocinaron un seminario sobre cuestiones de interés para América Latina. La iniciativa apuntaba a desarrollar una visión compartida y un consenso respecto a una acción destinada a satisfacer las necesidades alimentarias mundiales futuras y, al mismo tiempo, reducir la pobreza y proteger el medio ambiente en los países en vías de desarrollo. En este documento, encomendado para el seminario, Eduardo Trigo analiza el rol de la tecnología en la reversión de las condiciones actuales de pobreza rural extrema y de la degradación del medio ambiente en América Latina de aquí al año 2020. Trigo hace notar que, en el pasado, aún cuando los productores podían contar con apoyo tecnológico, con frecuencia, las políticas públicas ofrecían, incentivos económicos que conducían a los productores a emplear prácticas dañinas para el medio ambiente. Hoy en día, varios cambios significativos en el clima económico y político, que incluyen la liberalización del comercio, la urbanización creciente, y una mayor confianza en el mercado como proveedor de incentivos para la producción y la conservación ambiental, se están combinando con el efecto de que aumenta la incertidumbre respecto a cómo hará la región para obtener el conocimiento y las tecnologías necesarias para hacer realidad la Visión 2020. La intensificación agrícola es necesaria para mejorar el saldo de la balanza comercial de la región. Dicha intensificación debe estar basada en un mejor uso de la tecnología disponible así como en nuevos desarrollos científicos y tecnológicos. Trigo deja en claro que, ante la pérdida de apoyo para la investigación en el sector público, serán necesarias nuevas tecnologías y, quizás de manera aún más crítica, nuevos modelos institucionales destinados a revitalizar la capacidad de la región para generar y difundir tecnologías agrícolas para beneficio de los productores y de la sociedad en general. Es nuestra esperanza que las ideas presentadas en este documento contribuyan a una discusión del diseño de estas nuevas políticas e instituciones destinadas a ayudar a la región a obtener los máximos beneficios de las realidades económicas y políticas rápidamente cambiantes.
Constraints on Weakly Mixed Sterile Neutrinos in the Light of SNO Salt Phase and 766.3 Ty KamLAND Data
Creators: name: Dev, S.
name: Kumar, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of flavor transitions into sterile neutrinos (accompanying the dominant LMA transitions) in the solar boron neutrino flux has been examined in a scenario proposed by Hollanda and Smirnov to overcome some generic problems of the pure LMA scenario. It is found that the most recent SNO salt phase solar neutrino data and the KamLAND 766.3 Ty spectral data, allow for a significant sterile presence in the solar boron neutrino flux reaching the earth.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Processing of Crowdsourced Observations of Aircraft in a High Performance Computing Environment
Creators: name: Weinert, Andrew
name: Underhill, Ngaire
name: Gill, Bilal
name: Wicks, Ashley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3; I.6.5; E.2

description: As unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) continue to integrate into the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS), there is a need to quantify the risk of airborne collisions between unmanned and manned aircraft to support regulation and standards development. Both regulators and standards developing organizations have made extensive use of Monte Carlo collision risk analysis simulations using probabilistic models of aircraft flight. We've previously determined that the observations of manned aircraft by the OpenSky Network, a community network of ground-based sensors, are appropriate to develop models of the low altitude environment. This works overviews the high performance computing workflow designed and deployed on the Lincoln Laboratory Supercomputing Center to process 3.9 billion observations of aircraft. We then trained the aircraft models using more than 250,000 flight hours at 5,000 feet above ground level or below. A key feature of the workflow is that all the aircraft observations and supporting datasets are available as open source technologies or been released to the public domain.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Anexo - Navegación autónoma mediante aprendizaje por refuerzo
Creators: name: Costa, Ignacio
name: Leo, Esteban Jose De
name: Panizzi, Marisa Daniela
name: Sattolo, Iris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 90904 Navigation and Position Fixing
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 91303 Autonomous Vehicles
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: En este anexo se presenta material del SMS, e información adicional sobre la solución implementada.
Interlayer exchange coupling through Ir-doped Cu spin Hall material
Creators: name: Masuda, Hiroto
name: Seki, Takeshi
name: Lau, Yong-Chang
name: Kubota, Takahide
name: Takanashi, Koki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallic superlattices where the magnetization vectors in the adjacent ferromagnetic layers are antiferromagnetically coupled by the interlayer exchange coupling through nonmagnetic spacer layers are systems available for the systematic study on antiferromagnetic (AF) spintronics. As a candidate of nonmagnetic spacer layer material exhibiting remarkable spin Hall effect, which is essential to achieve spin-orbit torque switching, we selected the Ir-doped Cu in this study. The AF-coupling for the Co / Cu$_{95}$Ir$_{5}$ / Co was investigated, and was compared with those for the Co / Cu / Co and Co / Ir / Co. The maximum magnitude of AF-coupling strength was obtained to be 0.39 mJ/m$^{2}$ at the Cu$_{95}$Ir$_{5}$ thickness of about 0.75 nm. Furthermore, we found a large spin Hall angle of Cu$_{95}$Ir$_{5}$ in Co / Cu$_{95}$Ir$_{5}$ bilayers by carrying out spin Hall magnetoresistance and harmonic Hall voltage measurements, which are estimated to be 3 ~ 4 %. Our experimental results clearly indicate that Cu$_{95}$Ir$_{5}$ is a nonmagnetic spacer layer allowing us to achieve moderately strong AF-coupling and to generate appreciable spin-orbit torque via the spin Hall effect.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Educación superior en el Perú: datos para el análisis
Creators: name: Arregui, Patricia McLauchlan De
name: Arregui, Patricia McLauchlan De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Educacion superior
subject: Higher education
subject: Peru

description: Este documento presenta algunos aportes para el estudio de la situación y tendencias de la educación superior en el Perú. Se determina cuantitativamente la situación del sector, de las tendencias en la demanda y acceso al mismo, de sus actuales recursos humanos y financieros, de su eficiencia y de su grado de adecuación a las necesidades del país.
The dimerized phase of ionic Hubbard models
Creators: name: Aligia, A. A.
name: Batista, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an effective Hamiltonian for the ionic Hubbard model at half filling, extended to include nearest-neighbor repulsion. Using a spin-particle transformation, the effective model is mapped onto simple spin-1 models in two particular cases. Using another spin-particle transformation, a slightly modified model is mapped into an SU(3) antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model whose exact ground state is known to be spontaneously dimerized. From the effective models several properties of the dimerized phase are discussed, like ferroelectricity and fractional charge excitations. Using bosonization and recent developments in the theory of macroscopic polarization, we show that the polarization is proportional to the charge of the elementary excitations.
Opciones de politica de precios agricolas en el Peru: el caso de las bandas de precios
Creators: name: Escobal D'Angelo, Javier
name: Paz Cafferata, Julio
name: Escobal D'Angelo, Javier
name: Paz Cafferata, Julio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Precios agricolas
subject: Politica de precios
subject: Peru
subject: Agricultural prices
subject: Price policy

description: Este documento analiza, en base a la experiencia peruana, las principales motivaciones para la intervención del estado en el proceso de formación de precios agrícolas. Asimismo, postula un mecanismo de bandas de precios que permite reducir la variabilidad de éstos, ligando la evolución de mediano y largo plazo de dichos precios a los costos de oportunidad de los bienes agrícolas.
Density function associated with nonlinear bifurcating map
Creators: name: Alhaidari, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the class of nonlinear one-parameter real maps we study those with bifurcation that exhibits period doubling cascade. The fixed points of such a map form a finite discrete real set with dimension (2^n)m, where m is the (odd) number of "primary branches" of the map in the non-chaotic region and n is a non-negative integer. We associate with this map a nonlinear dynamical system whose Hamiltonian matrix is real, tridiagonal and symmetric. The density of states of the system is calculated and shown to have a number of separated bands equals to (2^n-1)m for n not equal 0, in which case the density has m bands. The location of the bands depends only on the map parameter and the odd/even ordering of the fixed points in the set. Polynomials orthogonal with respect to this density (weight) function are constructed. The logistic map is taken as an illustrative example.
description: 8 pages of text, 9 figures (one in color)
Non-parametric Triaxial Deprojection of Elliptical Galaxies
Creators: name: de Nicola, Stefano
name: Saglia, Roberto P.
name: Thomas, Jens
name: Dehnen, Walter
name: Bender, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a grid-based non-parametric approach to obtain a triaxial three-dimensional luminosity density from its surface brightness distribution. Triaxial deprojection is highly degenerate and our approach illustrates the resulting difficulties. Fortunately, for massive elliptical galaxies, many deprojections for a particular line of sight can be discarded, because their projection along other lines of sight does not resemble elliptical galaxies. The near-elliptical isophotes of these objects imply near ellipsoidal intrinsic shapes. In fact, deprojection is unique for densities distributed on ellipsoidal shells. The constrained non-parametric deprojection method we present here relaxes this constraint and assumes that the contours of the luminosity density are boxy/discy ellipsoids with radially varying axis ratios. With this approach we are able to reconstruct the intrinsic triaxial densities of our test models, including one drawn from an $N$-body simulation. The method also allows to compare the relative likelihood of deprojections at different viewing angles. We show that the viewing orientations of individual galaxies with nearly ellipsoidal isophotal shapes can be constrained from photometric data alone.
description: 26 Pages, 29 Figures, accepted by MNRAS
Supplements for: Kiledal EA, Keffer JL, Maresca JA. 2021. Bacterial communities in concrete reflect its composite nature and change with weathering. mSystems.
Creators: name: Kiledal, Erik
name: Maresca, Julia
name: Keffer, Jessica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120202 Building Science and Techniques
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60504 Microbial Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology

description: Suppplemental tables accompanying: Kiledal EA, Keffer JL, Maresca JA. 2021. Bacterial communities in concrete reflect its composite nature and change with weathering. mSystems.
Table S1. Sample processing summary table. Per-sample summary of the number of reads passing each step of DADA2 processing and ASV table summary information for subsequent steps including decontamination.
Table S2. Contaminant ASVs detected by each method. A list of contaminant ASVs and the method(s) by which they were determined to be contaminants.
Table S3. Contaminant taxa summary.

Table S4. Summary of bacterial community composition (relative abundance) at all taxonomic levels (kingdom to species) for concrete and precursor samples
Table S8. Logistic regression reveals taxa with increasing or decreasing prevalence and taxa associated with ASR.Logistic regression was performed on observation data converted to presence-absence, using a binary generalized linear model with the formula ASR + Months + ASR:Months. From this, taxa more likely to be found in ASR reactive concrete were discovered, as were taxa whose prevalence was associated with time or the interaction of time and ASR.
Table S9. Taxa with seasonal patterns of relative abundance. The results of an annual cyclical spline fit as part of a generalized additive mixed model (gamm) that also accounted for taxa changing over multiple years. In addition to standard metrics like R2, effect, and p.value, the peak month of the spline was also determined for taxa summarized at all taxonomic levels.
Table S10. Taxa with increasing or decreasing relative abundance. The results of a linear spline fit as part of a generalized additive mixed model that also accounted for seasonally changing taxa. Standard metrics such as R2, predicted effect of time, and p.values are reported for taxa summarized at all taxonomic levels.
Table S11. Indicator taxa. Indicator species analysis was performed to determine indicator species associated with concrete and its precursor materials, and also to discover concrete inhabiting bacteria associated with EMP sample groups. The EMP_genus tab contains genera found in concrete that were statistically significant indicators of EMP groups, while the EMP_asv tab contains similar indicators at the ASV level. The concrete_materials_genus tab contains statistically significant indicator genera associated with concrete or its precursor materials, while the ASR_genus tab contains ASR indicators at the genus level.
Franz [Ziegler] an Theodor Heusser
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1871

description: Textincipit: "Mein lieber Theodor! / Ich halte es hier angezeigter, noch von Tübingen / aus, Deinen lieben Brief zu beantworten, [...]" / Absender nicht eindeutig identifiziert.
Franz [Ziegler] an Theodor Heusser
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1872

description: Textincipit: "Mein lieber Freund! / Die Sache ist mir sehr ungelegen; / aber eine mündl. Unterredung / ist nothwendig [...]" / Absender nicht eindeutig identifiziert.
Comercio internacional de servicios: una reflexión sobre la balanza de servicios no financieros del Perú: período 1970-1988
Creators: name: Caceres Valderrama, Armando
name: Caceres Valderrama, Armando
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Comercio internacional
subject: Balanza comercial
subject: Sector servicios
subject: International trade
subject: Balance of trade
subject: Peru

description: Este documento contiene algunas reflexiones sobre la problemática del comercio internacional de servicios. Revisa la noción de servicios desde tres perspectivas: la económica, la estadística y la comercial, así como la evolución del comercio internacional de servicios durante los últimos veinte años.