cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolving Character of Chronic Central Nervous System HIV Infection
Creators: name: Zetterberg, Henrik
name: Joseph, Sarah
name: Peterson, Julia
name: Gisslén, Magnus
name: Spudich, Serena
name: Price, Richard
name: Fuchs, Dietmar
name: Swanstrom, Ronald
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) begins early in systemic infection and continues throughout its untreated course. Despite a common cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory response, it is usually neurologically asymptomatic for much of this course, but can evolve in some individuals to HIV-associated dementia (HAD), a severe encephalopathy with characteristic cognitive and motor dysfunction. While widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a marked decline in both the CNS infection and its neurologic severe consequence, HAD continues to afflict individuals presenting with advanced systemic infection in the developed world and a larger number in resource-poor settings where ART is more restricted. Additionally, milder CNS injury and dysfunction have broader prevalence, including in those treated with ART. Here we review the history and evolving nomenclature of HAD, its viral pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnosis, and treatment.
Human papillomavirus vaccine and behavioural disinhibition
Creators: name: Smith, J. S.
name: Brewer, N. T.
name: Schuler, C. L.
name: Reiter, P. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Objectives—We sought to identify characteristics of parents who believe in sexual disinhibition and that Pap smears can safely be stopped after females receive HPV vaccine. Methods—We surveyed 647 parents of adolescent girls living in areas of North Carolina with elevated rates of cervical cancer. We report data primarily from a survey conducted in Fall 2008. Results—Only 16% (101/647) of parents agreed that teenage girls who receive HPV vaccine may be more likely to have sex. Parents who believed in vaccine-induced sexual disinhibition were more likely to be older (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.09, 3.26) or report conservative political views (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.37, 3.73). Parents were less likely to believe in sexual disinhibition if they had greater knowledge about HPV vaccine (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.32 0.85) or if their daughters had received HPV vaccine (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.17, 0.57). While few parents (5%, 30/647) believed that women could safely stop getting regular Pap smears after receiving HPV vaccine, this belief was somewhat more common among racial and ethnic minority parents (16%) and among fathers (13%). Conclusions—Few parents believed that HPV vaccine is likely to lead to increased sexual activity among females or reduce the need for vaccinated women to have regular Pap smears in the future. Characterizing parents who hold beliefs in behavioral disinhibition is important as clinicians encountering parents in practice may desire information about this population.
Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotective Activity of Polyalthia cerasoides Branch Aqueous Extract
Creators: name: Nopparat Nuntharatanapong
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2018
Subjects: Polyalthia cerasoides, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Cytoprotective activity, Aqueous extract

description: Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14, 4, 142-152
(124) Christina Lamont
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Sexual behaviour and less frequent bathing are associated with higher human papillomavirus incidence in a cohort study of uncircumcised Kenyan men
Creators: name: Smith, Jennifer
name: Hudgens, Michael
name: Bailey, Robert
name: Bogaarts, Martijn
name: Agot, Kawango
name: Backes, Danielle
name: Moses, Stephen
name: Snijders, Peter
name: Agingu, Walter
name: Meijer, Chris
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Objectives—Data on the acquisition of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men are limited, especially from developing regions including Africa. The objective of this study was to characterise and determine the risk factors of HPV acquisition among a cohort of uncircumcised men participating in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of male circumcision in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods—Penile exfoliated cell specimens were collected at baseline, 6- and 12-month followup visits from the glans/coronal sulcus and shaft of men enrolled in the control arm of the RCT between 2002 and 2005. All participants were HIV seronegative, aged 17–24 years at baseline and remained uncircumcised over follow-up. Specimens were tested with GP5+/6+ PCR to detect 44 HPV types. Parametric frailty models were used to assess risk factors of HPV incidence. Results—The median age of 966 participants was 20 years. The median follow-up time was 12.1 months. The incidence rate (IR) of any HPV infection was 49.3/1000 person-months with HPV16 having the highest IR (10.9/1000 person-months). The strongest risk factors for overall HPV incidence were bathing less frequently than daily (adjusted HR=2.6; 95% CI 1.0 to 6.5) and having ≥2 female sexual partners in the past year (adjusted HR=1.6; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1). Conclusions—HPV IRs were notably high in this cohort of high-risk, uncircumcised men from Kisumu, Kenya, with the number of sexual partners and bathing frequency being the strongest risk factors.
Time-Domain Methods for Diffusive Transport in Soft Matter
Creators: name: Elston, Timothy
name: Yao, Lingxing
name: Forest, M. Gregory
name: Fricks, John
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Passive microrheology [12] utilizes measurements of noisy, entropic fluctuations (i.e., diffusive properties) of micron-scale spheres in soft matter to infer bulk frequency-dependent loss and storage moduli. Here, we are concerned exclusively with diffusion of Brownian particles in viscoelastic media, for which the Mason-Weitz theoretical-experimental protocol is ideal, and the more challenging inference of bulk viscoelastic moduli is decoupled. The diffusive theory begins with a generalized Langevin equation (GLE) with a memory drag law specified by a kernel [7, 16, 22, 23]. We start with a discrete formulation of the GLE as an autoregressive stochastic process governing microbead paths measured by particle tracking. For the inverse problem (recovery of the memory kernel from experimental data) we apply time series analysis (maximum likelihood estimators via the Kalman filter) directly to bead position data, an alternative to formulas based on mean-squared displacement statistics in frequency space. For direct modeling, we present statistically exact GLE algorithms for individual particle paths as well as statistical correlations for displacement and velocity. Our time-domain methods rest upon a generalization of well-known results for a single-mode exponential kernel [1, 7, 22, 23] to an arbitrary M-mode exponential series, for which the GLE is transformed to a vector Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
RELEASE Gaps & Needs Analysis  Report
Creators: name: Gaps & Needs Analysis  Report
name: SLOVENSKE NARODNE STREDISKO PRE L'UDSKE PRAVA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This report provides a comprehensive overview  of the current state of play through empirical research and case law analysis. This allows for identification and promotion of alternatives to pre-trial detention in the consortium states and raising awareness of national case law and case law of the ECtHR, as well as examples of the good practices in the area of application of alternatives to pre-trial detention.
On the origin of multi-component bulk metallic glasses: Atomic size mismatches and de-mixing
Creators: name: Zhang, K.
name: Dice, B.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Schroers, J.
name: Shattuck, M. D.
name: O'Hern, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical cooling rate $\mathcal{R}_c$, below which liquids crystallize upon cooling, characterizes the glass-forming ability (GFA) of the system. While pure metals are typically poor glass formers with $\mathcal {R}_c>10^{12}\, {\rm K/s}$, specific multi-component alloys can form bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) even at cooling rates below $\mathcal {R}\sim 1\, {\rm K/s}$. Conventional wisdom asserts that metal alloys with three or more components are better glass formers (with smaller ${\cal R}_c$) than binary alloys. However, there is currently no theoretical framework that provides quantitative predictions for $\mathcal{R}_c$ for multi-component alloys. We perform simulations of ternary hard-sphere systems, which have been shown to be accurate models for the glass-forming ability of BMGs, to understand the roles of geometric frustration and demixing in determining $\mathcal {R}_c$. Specifically, we compress ternary hard sphere mixtures into jammed packings and measure the critical compression rate, below which the system crystallizes, as a function of the diameter ratios $σ_B/σ_A$ and $σ_C/σ_A$ and number fractions $x_A$, $x_B$, and $x_C$. We find two distinct regimes for the GFA in parameter space for ternary hard spheres. When the diameter ratios are close to $1$, such that the largest ($A$) and smallest ($C$) species are well-mixed, the GFA of ternary systems is no better than that of the optimal binary glass former. However, when $σ_C/σ_A \lesssim 0.8$ is below the demixing threshold for binary systems, adding a third component $B$ with $σ_C < σ_B < σ_A$ increases the GFA of the system by preventing demixing of $A$ and $C$. Analysis of the available data from experimental studies indicates that most ternary BMGs are below the binary demixing threshold with $σ_C/σ_A < 0.8$.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Supplementary Methods
Creators: name: Dadson, Prince
name: Honka, Miikka-Juhani
name: Palani, Senthil
name: Roivainen, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary methods for Dadson et al. Proteomic analysis of human adipose tissue reveals improvements in oxidative metabolism pathways after bariatric surgery
Social Network Ties and Inflammation in U.S. Adults with Cancer
Creators: name: Yang, Yang Claire
name: Li, Ting
name: Frenk, Steven
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The growing evidence linking social connectedness and chronic diseases such as cancer calls for a better understanding of the underlying biophysiological mechanisms. This study assessed the associations between social network ties and multiple measures of inflammation in a nationally representative sample of adults with a history of cancer (N = 1,075) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–94). Individuals with lower social network index (SNI) scores showed significantly greater inflammation marked by C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, adjusting for age and sex. Compared to fully socially integrated individuals (SNI 4), those who were more socially isolated or had a SNI score of 3 or less exhibited = increasingly elevated inflammation burdens. Specifically, the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (95%CI) for SNIs of 3, 2, and 0–1 were 1.49 (1.08, 2.06), 1.69 (1.21, 2.36), and 2.35 (1.62, 3.40), respectively (p < .001). Adjusting for other covariates attenuated these associations. The SNI gradients in the risks of inflammation were particularly salient for the lower socioeconomic status groups and remained significant after adjusting for other social, health behavioral, and illness factors. This study provided initial insights into the immunological pathways by which social connections are related to morbidity and mortality outcomes of cancer in particular and aging-related diseases in general.
Comments on: Missing data methods in longitudinal studies: a review
Creators: name: Molenberghs, Geert
name: Ibrahim, Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Incomplete data are quite common in biomedical and other types of research, especially in longitudinal studies. During the last three decades, a vast amount of work has been done in the area. This has led, on the one hand, to a rich taxonomy of missing-data concepts, issues, and methods and, on the other hand, to a variety of data-analytic tools. Elements of taxonomy include: missing data patterns, mechanisms, and modeling frameworks; inferential paradigms; and sensitivity analysis frameworks. These are described in detail. A variety of concrete modeling devices is presented. To make matters concrete, two case studies are considered. The first one concerns quality of life among breast cancer patients, while the second one examines data from the Muscatine children’s obesity study.
Hepatocarcinomas, cholangiocarcinomas, and hepatoblastomas produced by chemically transformed cultured rat liver epithelial cells. A light- and electron-microscopic analysis.
Creators: name: Tsao, M.S.
name: Grisham, J.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: The histology and ultrastructure of more than 100 tumors produced by a chemically transformed rat liver epithelial cell line and its single-cell-derived clonal subpopulations were studied. Wide-ranging morphologic presentations were observed, including carcinomas, sarcomas, "mixed epithelial-mesenchymal" tumors, and undifferentiated tumors. In addition to epidermoid and adenocarcinomas, several tumors were morphologically indistinguishable from hepatocellular carcinomas. The "mixed epithelial-mesenchymal" tumors reproduced most of the various histologic features of human hepatoblastomas. In many instances, the epithelial component occupied focal areas of tumors, and transmission electron microscopic studies of the "sarcomatous" regions revealed either spindle-shaped epithelial tumor cells or, in most cases, scattered epithelial tumor cells surrounded by numerous fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. Similar findings were observed in several "sarcomas" examined ultrastructurally, which suggests that most of the mixed tumors or sarcomas actually were spindle cell carcinomas and/or carcinomas with marked host fibroblastic reaction. However, in a few mixed tumors produced by clonally derived cell strains, unequivocal carcinosarcomas with neoplastic osteoid or chondroid tissue were demonstrated. The findings of this study are discussed in the context of current insights on the cellular composition of the liver and on the histogenesis of human hepatoblastoma.
Cleft Palate in a Mouse Model of SOX2 Haploinsufficiency
Creators: name: Sulik, Kathleen
name: Pevny, Larysa
name: Langer, Lee
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Objective—While SEX-determining region Y-Box 2 (SOX2) mutations are typically recognized as yielding ocular and central nervous system abnormalities, they have also been associated with other craniofacial defects. To elucidate the genesis of the latter, Sox2 hypomorphic (Sox2HYP) mice were examined, with particular attention to secondary palatal development. Results—Clefts of the secondary palate were found to be highly penetrant in Sox2HYP mice. The palatal clefting occurred in the absence of mandibular hypoplasia and resulted from delayed or failed shelf elevation. Conclusions—Sox2 hypomorphism can result in clefting of the secondary palate, an effect that appears to be independent of mandibular hypoplasia and is thus expected to result from an abnormality that is inherent to the palatal shelves and/or their progenitor tissues. Further clinical attention relative to SOX2 mutations as a basis for secondary palatal clefts appears warranted.
(126) William McEwen
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Three-Component Glycolate Michael Reactions of Enolates, Silyl Glyoxylates, and α,β-Enones
Creators: name: Johnson, Jeffrey
name: Malow, Ericka
name: Schmitt, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Silyl glyoxylates react with enolates and enones to afford either glycolate aldol or Michael adducts. Product identity is controlled by the countercation associated with the enolate. Reformatsky nucleophiles in the presence of additional Zn(OTf)2 result in aldol coupling (A), while lithium enolates provide the Michael coupling (B). Deprotonation of the aldol product A with LDA induces equilibration to form the minor diastereomer of Michael product B. This observation suggests that formation of the major diastereomer of Michael product B does not occur via an aldol/retro-aldol/Michael sequence.
A Simple Method for Computing Singular or Nearly Singular Integrals on Closed Surfaces
Creators: name: Beale, J. Thomas
name: Ying, Wenjun
name: Wilson, Jason R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65R20, 65D30, 31B10, 35J08

description: We present a simple, accurate method for computing singular or nearly singular integrals on a smooth, closed surface, such as layer potentials for harmonic functions evaluated at points on or near the surface. The integral is computed with a regularized kernel and corrections are added for regularization and discretization, which are found from analysis near the singular point. The surface integrals are computed from a new quadrature rule using surface points which project onto grid points in coordinate planes. The method does not require coordinate charts on the surface or special treatment of the singularity other than the corrections. The accuracy is about $O(h^3)$, where $h$ is the spacing in the background grid, uniformly with respect to the point of evaluation, on or near the surface. Improved accuracy is obtained for points on the surface. The treecode of Duan and Krasny for Ewald summation is used to perform sums. Numerical examples are presented with a variety of surfaces.
description: to appear in Commun. Comput. Phys
Measuring Surface Binding Thermodynamics and Kinetics by Using Total Internal Reflection with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: Practical Considerations
Creators: name: Navaratnarajah, Punya
name: Wang, Xiang
name: Thompson, Nancy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The combination of total internal reflection illumination and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TIR-FCS) is an emerging method useful for, among a number of things, measuring the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters describing the reversible association of fluorescently labeled ligands in solution with immobilized, nonfluorescent surface binding sites. However, there are many parameters (both instrumental and intrinsic to the interaction of interest) that determine the nature of the acquired fluorescence fluctuation autocorrelation functions. In this work, we define criteria necessary for successful measurements, and then systematically explore the parameter space to define conditions that meet the criteria. The work is intended to serve as a guide for experimental design; in other words, to provide a methodology to identify experimental conditions that will yield reliable values of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for a given interaction.
title: Privacy-Preserving Collaborative Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Arfaoui, Ghaith
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: anomaly detection
subject: federated learning
subject: distributed machine learning
subject: privacy preservation

description: Modern machine learning applications deal with various types of data, which might originate from different entities and/or spread across different geographical locations. In particular, anomaly detection, relies on combining diverse data from different sources to generalize well. However, transferring data to a centralized location for further processing is not always possible due to data protection, usage, and ownership restrictions. This results in data silos that cannot be merged and represent a serious impediment for most anomaly detection tasks dealing with sensitive data. Federated learning provides a privacy-preserving solution that allows training machine learning models across multiple distributed clients holding local data without exchanging them. While preserving privacy, such solution is usually associated with loss in the predictive performance compared to centralized training. In this thesis, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of federated learning when applied to anomaly detection for different label availability scenarios. We investigate the effect of federated learning on the predictive performance for various applications. For this purpose, federated models are compared to models trained using only the locally available data, to models trained on centrally aggregated data, and to centralized models trained on aggregated synthetic data generated by each client individually. We also investigate the effect of amount and distribution of data locally available at each client on the predictive performance. We show that, federated learning is able to provide good predictive performance compared to other settings for most cases of label availability. Unlike synthetic data-based learning, which seems to highly depend on the type of training data, it consistently provides good predictive performance across different data sets. In addition, federated learning is able to perform well under different data distribution scenarios.
(123) Norris
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(119) Christian McIntaggart
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Input-output relationships of central neural circuits involved in respiration in cats
Creators: name: Gill-Kumar, Pritam
name: Millhorn, David
name: Eldridge, Frederic
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1981

description: 1. Inspiratory output responses, measured as integrated phrenic activity, to hypercapnia, to unilateral and bilateral carotid sinus nerve stimulation and to combinations of these stimuli were determined in paralysed, vagotomized and glomectomized cats whose end-tidal P(CO2) was kept constant by means of a servo-controlled ventilator. In addition, the effect on these responses of the mechanism that causes the respiratory after-discharge was determined. 2. Above the threshold for rhythmic activity, the inspiratory response to hypercapnic stimulation of the central chemoreceptor was curvilinear, showing progressively smaller increments of output for equal increments of P(CO2) as the latter became higher. 3. The combining of stimuli from right and left carotid sinus nerves failed to show an algebraically additive effect; the response was approximately 70% of that predicted from a summing of the separate stimuli given alone. 4. The response to a constant carotid sinus nerve test stimulus was progressively decreased in magnitude as the pre-stimulus level of respiratory activity was increased by conditioning stimulation of the central chemoreceptors by hypercapnia, by stimulation of the opposite carotid sinus nerve or by the mechanism that generates an after-discharge. 5. From a descriptive standpoint, our findings show that there is a negative or hypoadditive interaction between the peripheral and central inputs at the level of the central respiratory controller. However, we present evidence that, rather than being a specific interaction between peripheral and central inputs, the response is due to the properties of a neural component of the central pathway. This component is common to both inputs and develops progressive saturation of its neural elements as its activity increases. 6. In addition, the neural mechanism which generates a respiratory after-discharge appears to saturate completely at a lower level of inspiratory activity than that at which the common pathway develops complete saturation. This finding supports the idea that this mechanism represents an independent input to the respiratory controller. 7. Because the described a-linear response characteristics of the central respiratory controller are due to its inherent neuronal properties rather than to specific interactions between inputs, we suggest that studies of such interactions' must be interpreted with this consideration in mind.
ANDREW JAMES THOMSON - Bibliography from ANDREW JAMES THOMSON. 31 July 1940 — 2 March 2021
Creators: name: Armstrong, Fraser A.
name: Grinter, Roger
name: Johnson, Michael K.
name: Le Brun, Nick E.
name: Wilson, Michael T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Andrew Thomson developed and exploited optical and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to address unresolved questions in biological inorganic chemistry, in a career that spanned more than 50 years. Despite his important role in the discovery of cisplatin as a young scientist, he went on to pursue a different direction. Leading original and creative investigations into the nature of metal-containing sites in proteins, he exploited the way that these centres, responsible for the activities of their host proteins, absorbed light and interacted with magnetic fields in very characteristic ways. He was devoted to ensuring the success of science at the newly-founded University of East Anglia (UEA), where he began his pioneering work on magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy in 1967. Throughout the following decades he painstakingly supervised many young scientists and collaborated enthusiastically with established figures across the world—unravelling numerous complex properties underpinning the catalytic and sensory activity of transition metals in biology, including their reactions with oxygen, iron, sulfur and the oxides of nitrogen. Realizing the importance of broadening the appeal of chemistry in society, he established pharmacy at UEA, went on to become the first dean of the Science Faculty and helped to plan the Norwich Research Park. His selfless effort in these endeavours was recognized by the award of an OBE for services to higher education in 2008.
(121) Harriet [Lamont]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Machine Learning Energies of 2 M Elpasolite (ABC$_2$D$_6$) Crystals
Creators: name: Faber, Felix
name: Lindmaa, Alexander
name: von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole
name: Armiento, Rickard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elpasolite is the predominant quaternary crystal structure (AlNaK$_2$F$_6$ prototype) reported in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. We have developed a machine learning model to calculate density functional theory quality formation energies of all $\sim$2 M pristine ABC$_2$D$_6$ elpasolite crystals which can be made up from main-group elements (up to bismuth). Our model's accuracy can be improved systematically, reaching 0.1 eV/atom for a training set consisting of 10 k crystals. Important bonding trends are revealed, fluoride is best suited to fit the coordination of the D site which lowers the formation energy whereas the opposite is found for carbon. The bonding contribution of elements A and B is very small on average. Low formation energies result from A and B being late elements from group (II), C being a late (I) element, and D being fluoride. Out of 2 M crystals, 90 unique structures are predicted to be on the convex hull---among which NFAl$_2$Ca$_6$, with peculiar stoichiometry and a negative atomic oxidation state for Al.
Input-output relationships of the central respiratory controller during peripheral muscle stimulation in cats.
Creators: name: Eldridge, F L
name: Waldrop, T G
name: Millhorn, D E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: 1. Inspiratory output responses, measured as integrated phrenic activity, to hypercapnia, to carotid sinus nerve stimulation, to unilateral and bilateral stimulation of calf muscles and to combinations of these stimuli were determined in paralysed, vagotomized and glomectomized cats whose end-tidal PCO2 was kept constant by means of a servo-controlled ventilator. 2. Confirming an earlier report (Eldridge, Gill-Kumar & Millhorn, 1981), the inspiratory response to progressive hypercapnic stimulation of the central chemoreceptors was not linear, and the responses to a constant carotid sinus nerve test stimulus were progressively decreased in magnitude as the pre-stimulus level of respiratory activity was increased by hypercapnia. 3. In contrast, the response to a test stimulus from calf muscles remained the same at all pre-stimulus levels of respiratory activity, whether conditioned by hypercapnia or by carotid sinus nerve stimulation. 4. Unlike the findings with chemoreceptor inputs, the combining of stimuli from right and left muscles exhibited an algebraically additive effect on output. 5. We suggested before that the decreasing responses to identical chemoreceptor inputs were due to progressive neuronal saturation of a common central pathway between these inputs and the respiratory controller. The absence of such behaviour with muscular afferent input indicates that this input does not travel to the respiratory controller by the same pathway as that common to the chemoreceptors.
Finding a Mate With No Social Skills
Creators: name: Marriott, Chris
name: Chebib, Jobran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: I.2.11

description: Sexual reproductive behavior has a necessary social coordination component as willing and capable partners must both be in the right place at the right time. While there are many known social behavioral adaptations to support solutions to this problem, we explore the possibility and likelihood of solutions that rely only on non-social mechanisms. We find three kinds of social organization that help solve this social coordination problem (herding, assortative mating, and natal philopatry) emerge in populations of simulated agents with no social mechanisms available to support these organizations. We conclude that the non-social origins of these social organizations around sexual reproduction may provide the environment for the development of social solutions to the same and different problems.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, GECCO'15
N-methyl aspartate activates voltage-dependent calcium conductance in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Creators: name: Dingledine, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: The depolarizing actions of N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMA) and L-glutamate on pyramidal neurones were compared in a hippocampal slice preparation. Tetrodotoxin (1 microM) was added to the perfusion solution to suppress regenerative Na conductances. Depolarization evoked by ionophoretic application of NMA triggered slow, high-threshold regenerative spikes. These are considered to be Ca spikes since the amplitude and rate of rise could be reduced by verapamil, D-600, Co2+ and Mn2+, and increased by Ba2+. Multiple Ca-spike thresholds could be demonstrated in the same cell. In contrast, depolarizations evoked by L-glutamate only rarely triggered Ca-spikes. The minimum latency to the onset of depolarization evoked by NMA was less than 20 ms. The latency and amplitude of NMA-evoked responses were highly dependent on the position of the ionophoretic pipette; movements of the pipette by as little as 10-50 micron could markedly change the size of the response. Spatially separate hot spots for NMA and glutamate were not found. Depolarizations evoked by small to moderate ionophoretic currents of NMA were usually associated with an apparent rise in input resistance, as tested by the response to transmembrane current pulses. Ionophoresis of L-glutamate, or high NMA doses, however, usually caused a fall in input resistance. Both the depolarization and the conductance change evoked by NMA were highly voltage-dependent within the approximate range -50 to -80 mV; they could be increased by modest depolarization and reduced by hyperpolarization of the membrane. No reversal potential could be demonstrated in the hyperpolarizing direction. Rather, the NMA response approached zero asymptotically at sufficiently hyperpolarized membrane potentials. Subthreshold depolarizations and conductance changes elicited by NMA could be blocked by Co2+, Mn2+ and Cd2+, and reduced by D-600 and verapamil. These Ca2+ antagonists had little or no effect on resting membrane potential or input resistance, or on responses to L-glutamate. Ba2+ increased the amplitude of subthreshold NMA responses. Intracellular injection of Cs+ plus tetraethylammonium caused cells to fire large, prolonged (up to 15 s) Ca spikes, presumably because most K+ conductances were blocked. Under these conditions the effect of NMA was unchanged or enhanced. Raising [K+]o to 10.5 mM (from the normal 3.5 mM) caused a depolarization and fall in input resistance, but did not change the amplitude or voltage dependence of the NMA response. Reducing [Na+]o caused an initial increase, then usually a delayed decrease in the amplitude of the NMA response.
Domain-Wall Fermion with $ R_5 $ Symmetry
Creators: name: Chiu, Ting-Wai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the domain-wall fermion operator which is reflection symmetric in the fifth dimension, with the approximate sign function $ S(H) $ of the effective 4-dimensional Dirac operator satisfying the bound $ |1-S(λ)| \le 2 d_Z $ for $ λ^2 \in [λ_{min}^2, λ_{max}^2] $, where $ d_Z $ is the maximum deviation $ | 1- \sqrt{x} R_Z(x) |_{\rm max} $ of the Zolotarev optimal rational polynomial $ R_Z(x) $ of $ 1/\sqrt{x} $ for $ x \in [1, λ_{max}^2/λ_{min}^2] $, with degrees $ (n-1,n) $ for $ N_s = 2n $, and $ (n,n) $ for $ N_s = 2 n + 1 $.
description: This work is dedicated to late Professor James S. Ball
title: Cultural Ripples and Brain Waves: Investigations into Mindfulness, Analytical Meditation, and Culture-Sensitive Research
Creators: name: Moye, Amir Josef
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychology

description: This thesis extensively explores contemplative practices, specifically focusing on analytical meditation (i.e., Tibetan monastic debate) and short-term mindfulness interventions. Surprisingly, Study 1 revealed that short-form mindfulness training did not notably enhance self-control or attention, prompting further investigation into the effectiveness of these interventions. Study 2 explores the impact of monastic debate on absorption (marked by increased frontal theta slopes) and increased inter-brain synchrony during agreement versus disagreement. Study 3 introduces a biobehavioral model, derived from dialogues with Tibetan monastics, suggesting that debate could potentially enhance cognitive control, regulate emotions, and foster social connectivity, integrating these assumptions among empirical findings and confirming predictions of the model through quantitative phenomenological analysis. In a deviation from the initial hypothesis, Study 4 found that Western students surpassed experienced Tibetan monks and novice monks in complex working memory, association memory, and logic tasks. This finding questions the supposed culture-fairness of these testing methods. The discussion delves into the benefits and limitations of secularized short-form mindfulness-based practices, suggesting that their effectiveness hinges on the context of implementation and individual comprehension and application. Further, it is proposed that the potential and challenges of integrating traditional contemplative practices, such as monastic debate, into contemporary psychological research and practice underscore the necessity for a culturally sensitive approach and adaptable methods when researching these practices. This approach additionally emphasizes the importance of collaboration with the practitioners themselves. The thesis concludes by advocating for the preservation and adaptation of Tibetan monastic practices and recognizing the potential benefits of including Tibetan samples in future research on psychological processes. This thesis yields valuable insights into the cognitive impacts of contemplative practices and their potential for psychological transformation and well-being.
Neutrino diffusion in the pasta phase matter within the Thomas-Fermi approach
Creators: name: Furtado, U. J.
name: Avancini, S. S.
name: Marinelli, J. R.
name: Martarello, W.
name: Providência, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior and properties of neutrinos in non-uniform nuclear matter, surrounded by electrons and other neutrinos are studied. The nuclear matter itself is modeled by the non-linear Walecka model, where the so-called nuclear pasta phase is described using the Thomas-Fermi approximation, solved in a Wigner-Seitz cell. We obtain the total cross-section and mean-free path for the neutrinos, taking into account scattering and neutrino absorption, and compare the final results for two known kind of model parametrizations: one in which non-linear effects in the strong sector are explicitly written in the model Lagrangian and another one in which the coupling constants are density dependent. The solution for this problem is important for the understanding of neutrino diffusion in a newly born neutron star after a supernova explosion.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Design and performance evaluation of a full turboelectric distributed electric propulsion aircraft
Creators: name: Van, Eric Nguyen
name: Defoort, Sebastien
name: Ridel, Michael
name: Donjat, David
name: Viguier, Christophe
name: Ali, Marwan
name: Youssef, Toni
name: Gerada, David
name: Gerada, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: IMOTHEP
green aviation
hybrid-electric aircraft
H2020 Transport
climate change
hybrid electric propulsion

description: Presentation at the EUCASS-3AF 2022 in Lille (France) on July, 1st, 2022 (eucass-3af-2022.eu).
(118) Isabella [Lamont]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The calcium current in inner segments of rods from the salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retina.
Creators: name: Corey, D P
name: Schwartz, E A
name: Dubinsky, J M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: Solitary rod inner segments were isolated from salamander retinae. Their Ca current was studied with the 'whole-cell, gigaseal' technique (Hamill, Marty, Neher, Sakmann & Sigworth, 1981). The soluble constituents of the cytoplasm exchanged with the solution in the pipette. The external solution could be changed during continuous perfusion. Membrane voltage was controlled with a voltage clamp. After permeant ions other than Ca were replaced with impermeant ions (i.e. tetraethylammonium as a cation, and aspartate or methanesulphonate as an anion), an inward current remained. It activated at approximately -40 mV, reached a maximum at approximately 0 mV, and decreased as the membrane was further depolarized. The size of the current increased when Ba was substituted for external Ca. The current was blocked when Ca was replaced with Co. The voltage at which the current was half-maximum shifted from approximately -22 to -31 mV during the initial 3 min of an experiment. The maximum amplitude of the current continuously declined during the entire course of an experiment. The time course for activation of the Ca current following a step of depolarization could be described by the sum of two exponentials. The time constant of the slower exponential was voltage dependent. Deactivation following repolarization could also be described by the sum of two exponentials. Both time constants for deactivation were independent of voltage (between -30 and 0 mV) and faster than the slower time constant for activation. When the internal Ca concentration was buffered by 10 mM-EGTA, the Ca current did not inactivate during several seconds of maintained depolarization. When the concentration of EGTA was reduced to 0.1 mM, the Ca current declined and the membrane conductance decreased during several seconds of maintained depolarization. This inactivation was incomplete and only occurred after a substantial quantity of Ca entered. Following repolarization the Ca conductance recovered from inactivation. In contrast, the continuous decline observed during the course of an experiment (item 3) was not reversible. The difference suggests that inactivation and the decline are distinct processes.
Precision Measurement for Metastable Helium Atoms of the 413 nm Tune-Out Wavelength at Which the Atomic Polarizability Vanishes
Creators: name: Henson, B. M.
name: Khakimov, R. I.
name: Dall, R. G.
name: Baldwin, K. G. H.
name: Tang, Li-Yan
name: Truscott, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurement for helium atoms of the tune-out wavelength at which the atomic polarizability vanishes. We utilise a novel, highly sensitive technique for precisely measuring the effect of variations in the trapping potential of confined metastable ($2^{3}S_{1}$) helium atoms illuminated by a perturbing laser light field. The measured tune-out wavelength of 413.0938($9_{Stat.}$)($20_{Syst.}$) nm compares well with the value predicted by a theoretical calculation (413.02(9) nm) which is sensitive to finite nuclear mass, relativistic, and quantum electro-dynamic (QED) effects. This provides motivation for more detailed theoretical investigations to test QED.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
International workshop "Innovative concepts and methods for geoscience, remote sensing and beyond"
Creators: name: Doulamis, Anastasios
name: Doulamis, Nikolaos
name: Papacharalampous, Georgia
name: Tyralis, Hristos
name: Zafeiropoulos, Charalampos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 461103
subject: Deep learning
classificationCode: 379901
subject: Earth system sciences
classificationCode: 401001
subject: Engineering design
classificationCode: 401003
subject: Engineering practice
classificationCode: 370499
subject: Geoinformatics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 370799
subject: Hydrology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 461199
subject: Machine learning not elsewhere classified

description: The international workshop "Innovative concepts and methods for geoscience, remote sensing and beyond" will take place online on 10 September between 09:00 CEST and 15:20 CEST according to the attached agenda and flyer. This workshop is an activity of the project BETTER RAIN (BEnefiTTing from machine lEarning algoRithms and concepts for correcting satellite RAINfall products), which is supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the “3rd Call for H.F.R.I. Research Projects to support Post-Doctoral Researchers” (Project Number: 7368). Please use the following link to connect: https://centralntua.webex.com/centralntua/j.php?MTID=mc8627010c329de7f80c8b2815a9bbbab