cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of modelling studies in asthma management and clinical decision-making: A Delphi survey of physician knowledge and perceptions
Creators: name: Sriprasart, Thitiwat
name: Siasoco, Ma Bella
name: Aggarwal, Bhumika
name: Levy, Gur
name: Phansalkar, Abhay
name: Van, Giap Vu
name: Cohen, Mark
name: Seemungal, Terence
name: Pizzichini, Marcia MM
name: Mokhtar, Mahmoud
name: Daley-Yates, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: To investigate the knowledge and perceptions of physicians on the role of modelling studies in asthma, using a modified Delphi procedure. Group opinions among a panel of respiratory experts were obtained using two online questionnaires and a virtual scientific workshop. A consensus was pre-defined as agreement by >75% of participants. From 26 experts who agreed to participate, 22 completed both surveys. At the end of the process, the panel rated their own understanding of modelling as good (77%) but that among physicians in general as poor (77%). Participants agreed that data from modelling studies should be used, at least sometimes, to inform treatment guidelines (91%) and could be useful for guiding clinical decisions (100%). Perceived barriers to using modelling studies were ‘A lack of understanding’ (81%) and ‘A lack of standardized methodology’ (82%). Based on data from two modelling studies, no consensus was reached on physicians recommending regular inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus as-needed therapy for patients with mild asthma, whereas 77% agreed that they would recommend regular ICS over maintenance and reliever therapy for ≥80% of their patients with moderate asthma. No consensus was reached on the value of modelling data in relation to empirical data. There is overall support among respiratory experts for the usefulness of modelling data to guide asthma treatment guidelines and clinical decision making. More publications on modelling data using robust models and accessible terminology will aid the understanding of physicians in general and help clarify the evidence-based value of modelling studies.
The search for the absolute in the physical realm: a note on the theory of light and relativity
Creators: name: Anteneh Biru Tsegaye
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: light, speed of light, relativity

description: "Everything is relative, nothing is absolute" seems to have gained a wide acceptance i modern physics; at least in motion of bodies. But if absolute is something reference frame independent, I say modern physics has found one – the speed of light. This is one of the most interesting journeys of man's search for meaning and order in the physical realm. In this short note the writer presents the historical developments of the exploration.
Theoretical Puncture Mechanics of Soft Compressible Solids
Creators: name: Fregonese, Stefano
name: Tong, Zhiyuan
name: Wang, Sibo
name: Bacca, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate prediction of the force required to puncture a soft material is critical in many fields like medical technology, food processing, and manufacturing. However, such a prediction strongly depends on our understanding of the complex nonlinear behavior of the material subject to deep indentation and complex failure mechanisms. Only recently we developed theories capable of correlating puncture force with material properties and needle geometry. However, such models are based on simplifications that seldom limit their applicability to real cases. One common assumption is the incompressibility of the cut material, albeit no material is truly incompressible. In this paper we propose a simple model that accounts for linearly elastic compressibility, and its interplay with toughness, stiffness, and elastic strain-stiffening. Confirming previous theories and experiments, materials having high-toughness and low-modulus exhibit the highest puncture resistance at a given needle radius. Surprisingly, in these conditions, we observe that incompressible materials exhibit the lowest puncture resistance, where volumetric compressibility can create an additional (strain) energy barrier to puncture. Our model provides a valuable tool to assess the puncture resistance of soft compressible materials and suggests new design strategies for sharp needles and puncture-resistant materials.
An electric-field representation of the harmonic XY model
Creators: name: Faulkner, Michael F.
name: Bramwell, Steven T.
name: Holdsworth, Peter C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-dimensional harmonic XY (HXY) model is a spin model in which the classical spins interact via a piecewise parabolic potential. We argue that the HXY model should be regarded as the canonical classical lattice spin model of phase fluctuations in two-dimensional condensates, as it is the simplest model that guarantees the modular symmetry of the experimental systems. Here we formulate a lattice electric-field representation of the HXY model and contrast this with an analogous representation of the Villain model and the two-dimensional Coulomb gas with a purely rotational auxiliary field. We find that the HXY model is a spin-model analogue of a lattice electric-field model of the Coulomb gas with an auxiliary field, but with a temperature-dependent vacuum (electric) permittivity that encodes the coupling of the spin vortices to their background spin-wave medium. The spin vortices map to the Coulomb charges, while the spin-wave fluctuations correspond to auxiliary-field fluctuations. The coupling explains the striking differences in the high-temperature asymptotes of the specific heats of the HXY model and the Coulomb gas with an auxiliary field. Our results elucidate the propagation of effective long-range interactions throughout the HXY model (whose interactions are purely local) by the lattice electric fields. They also imply that global spin-twist excitations (topological-sector fluctuations) generated by local spin dynamics are ergodically excluded in the low-temperature phase. We discuss the relevance of these results to condensate physics.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Association between polymorphisms of the GSDMB gene and allergic rhinitis risk in the Chinese population: a case-control study
Creators: name: Shamsi, Bilal Haider
name: Chen, Haiyuan
name: Yang, Xiong
name: Liu, Mingxia
name: Liu, Yonglin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a great risk factor for developing asthma, and its pathogenesis is affected by various factors, such as gene and environment. GSDMB is related to allergic diseases. Our purpose is to explore the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GSDMB and AR risk in the Chinese population. We performed a case-control study including 1005 cases and 1004 controls. Rs2305479, rs4795400, and rs12450091 in GSDMB were geneotyped using Agena MassARRAY. The relationships between GSDMB SNPs and AR risk were assessed by logistic regression analysis in PLINK1.9. Our study showed that rs4795400 was a protective factor for AR in overall (TT vs. CC: OR = 0.66, p = 0.009; TT vs. CC/TC: OR = 0.67, p = 0.008; additive: OR = 0.87, p = 0.042 males, people with BMI ≤ 24, and living in wind-blown sand area. Rs2305479 was associated with a reduced AR risk in males (TT vs. CC: OR = 0.47, p = 0.014; TT vs. CC/TC: OR = 0.43, p = 0.004). However, rs12450091 was a risk factor for AR in people living in the loess hilly region (CC: OR = 4.75, p = 0.047). The levels of EO and EO_per in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). This study indicated that GSDMB polymorphisms (rs4795400, rs2305479, and rs12450091) were associated with AR susceptibility. Further studies are required to confirm our findings and to clarify the functional relationship.
The Role of Civil Society Organizations in the Poverty Reduction Process of Ethiopia: the Case of Pro Pride and Concern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Giday, Asfaw
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the different programs and projects planned and executed by both Pro Pride and Concern Ethiopia in the wellbeing of the beneficiaries in particular and the contribution they made to the poverty reduction efforts of the country. In light of this, secondary data collected from different documents with data collected through questionnaire administered and interview conducted were used to make the paper sound. Simple random sampling design was employed to select the sample respondents from the total population. The collected data has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using statements, tables, figures and percentage. The study result shows that the poverty reduction programs executed by both organizations have brought significant change in the poverty status of the program beneficiaries. The researcher concludes that there is immense contribution made by Pro Pride and Concern Ethiopia in the poverty reduction efforts of the country. Moreover, this paper highlights the major problems both organizations have faced in their program implementation period
Xsorb: a software for identifying the most stable adsorption configuration and energy of a molecule on a crystal surface
Creators: name: Pedretti, Enrico
name: Restuccia, Paolo
name: Righi, M. Clelia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular adsorption is the first important step of many surface-mediated chemical processes, from catalysis to tribology. This phenomenon is controlled by physical/chemical interactions, which can be accurately described by first principles calculations. In recent years, several computational tools have been developed to study molecular adsorption based on high throughput/automatized approaches. However, these tools can sometimes be over-sophisticated for non-expert users. In this work, we present Xsorb, a Python-based code that automatically generates adsorption configurations, guides the user in the identification the most relevant ones, which are then fully optimized. The code relies on well-established Python libraries, and on an open source package for density functional theory calculations. We show the program capabilities through an example consisting of a hydrocarbon molecule, 1-hexene, adsorbed over the (110) surface of iron. The presented computational tool will help users, even non-expert, to easily identify the most stable adsorption configuration of complex molecules on substrates and obtain accurate adsorption geometries and energies.
Apéndice. Hacia el análisis de tesis de grado de carreras informáticas de la UM mediante minería de textos
Creators: name: Panizzi, Marisa Daniela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Apéndice. Hacia el análisis de tesis de grado de carreras informáticas de la UM mediante minería de textos
The search for the absolute in the physical realm: a note on the theory of light and relativity
Creators: name: Anteneh Biru Tsegaye
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: light, speed of light, relativity

description: "Everything is relative, nothing is absolute" seems to have gained a wide acceptance i modern physics; at least in motion of bodies. But is it true? This may be answered if we have a working definition of what absolute is. If absolute is reference frame independent, I say modern physics has found one – the speed of light. This is one of the most interesting journeys of man's search for meaning and order in the physical realm. In this short note the writer presents the historical developments of the exploration.
Perspective: Geometrically-Frustrated Assemblies
Creators: name: Grason, Gregory M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This perspective will overview an emerging paradigm for self-organized soft materials, {\it geometrically-frustrated assemblies}, where interactions between self-assembling elements (e.g. particles, macromolecules, proteins) favor local packing motifs that are incompatible with uniform global order in the assembly. This classification applies to a broad range of material assemblies including self-twisting protein filament bundles, amyloid fibers, chiral smectics and membranes, particle-coated droplets, curved protein shells and phase-separated lipid vesicles. In assemblies, geometric frustration leads to a host of anomalous structural and thermodynamic properties, including heterogeneous and internally-stressed equilibrium structures, self-limiting assembly and topological defects in the equilibrium assembly structures. The purpose of this perspective is to 1) highlight the unifying principles and consequences of geometric frustration in soft matter assemblies, 2) to classify the known distinct "modes" of frustration and review corresponding experimental examples, and 3) to describe outstanding questions not yet addressed about the unique properties and behaviors of this broad class of systems.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures; revised version with corrected typos and references
Opening new doors : English Language Learning and entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan's capital
Creators: name: Foster, Hannah Lofton
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: English as a second language
Kazakhstan

description: This dissertation is an ethnographic study of English Language Learning conducted in private educational centers located in Astana, Kazakhstan over the course of 19 months of fieldwork. Though English is not a language that most people in Kazakhstan speak daily, more students than ever are enrolling in English language lessons and view English as the deciding factor in gaining new educational and employment opportunities. However, these opportunities alone cannot explain the growth of English. Many students find that English does not live up to its potential, yet they continue to learn it. I argue instead that the growth of English in Astana coincides with the consolidation of the middle class and is indicative of broader cultural and ideological shifts taking place in contemporary Kazakhstan. More specifically, I argue that English now offers the capacity for enacting a new entrepreneurial subjectivity which marks a departure from the ways that English was once exclusively part of elite practices. I explore this shift and its consequences by examining three experiences of learning English. First, analyzing the enregisterment of English as elite, I identify how learning English became part of a broader set of elite practices. Next, I analyze language learning testimonials from successful English students to argue that such narratives are a key means through which students take up this new entrepreneurial subjectivity by recruiting neoliberal ideologies of self-development for their language learning endeavors. Finally, I return to the question of why students who are frustrated in their language learning endeavors continue to learn English. Analyzing the discourse of “no practice” that students often employ to understand their unsuccessful efforts, I argue that the ideologies students encounter in the classroom and which underpin the ways that elite and entrepreneurial subjectivities are enacted through English also hold success out of reach for most English students in Kazakhstan. I examine each of these experiences in turn to trace this shift in subjectivities and to locate educational centers as the key spaces in which these practices are developed and ideologies are circulated.
Constraints on lepton number violating short-range interactions from $|ΔL|=2$ processes
Creators: name: Quintero, Nestor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the short-range contributions that induce effective lepton number violating (LNV) interactions. We obtain a full set of constraints on the effective short-range couplings from a large variety of low-energy $|ΔL|= 2$ processes of pseudoscalar mesons $K, D, D_s, B$, and $τ$-lepton. These constraints provide complementary and additional information to the one obtained from the neutrinoless double-$β$ ($0νββ$) decay. As expected, the bounds on electron-electron short-range couplings are the only ones that are strongly constrained by the $0νββ$ decay. Although weaker, LNV effective couplings with different flavours are not accessible to $0νββ$ decay and these can be probe by the $|ΔL|= 2$ processes in consideration.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. v3: references added, discussion extended, section IV included, conclusions unchanged, matches with version published in Phys. Lett. B
Determinants Of Market Efficiency Of Commodity Exchange: The Case Of Ethiopian Commodity Exchange
Creators: name: Hussien, Ana
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: The Ethiopian Commodity Exchange was established to revolutionize Ethiopian agriculture and transform the economy through a dynamic, efficient and transparent marketing system. Properly implemented and regulated, commodity exchanges can contribute greatly to the achievement of country's economic and developmental goals and strengthen the bargaining power of participants. Hence the overall objective of this study is to examine the determinants of market efficiency of Ethiopian commodity exchange. And the variables that examined were market information system, quality grading and sampling, clearing and settlement, risk management, and price discovery. A survey questionnaire were prepared to collect a primary data, secondary data from the books and documents of the ECX and other sources were also used to augment the primary data. The researcher distributed to 186 people personally. Out of the total questionnaires distributed, 176 were considered valid for analysis from Ethiopian commodity exchange participants or members selected through random sampling. And the data was analyzed through descriptive analysis and binary regression model by using of SPSS version 20. The findings show that all the dimensions of Market Efficiency have a positive significant influence on commodity exchange. Therefore, study recommended that ECX should give more attention about market information, quality grading and sampling, clearing and settlement, risk management and also price discovery system of the company.
Matter matters in moduli fixing and modular flavor symmetries
Creators: name: Knapp-Perez, Victor
name: Liu, Xiang-Gan
name: Nilles, Hans Peter
name: Ramos-Sanchez, Saul
name: Ratz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modular flavor symmetries provide us with a very compelling approach to the flavor problem. It has been argued that moduli values close to some special values like $τ=i$ or $τ=ω$ provide us with the best fits to data. We point out that the presence of hidden "matter" fields, needed to uplift symmetric AdS vacua, gives rise to a dynamical mechanism that leads to such values of $τ$.
description: 8 pages + references, 1 figure, 2 tables
Arts and crafts from the industrial revolution to the present
Creators: name: Simondson, Michael.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Country Ownership and Aid Effectiveness in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Chanie, Muluken
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Country Ownership in designing and managing development assistance is critical for achieving sustainable development and promoting effective development cooperation between recipient and donor countries. However, there is a widespread misconception and lack of comprehensive studies on country ownership in Ethiopia. The objective of the thesis is to examine the country ownership comprehensively including Government of Ethiopia (GOE)'s ability to exercise effective leadership over its development policies and strategies; aid coordination and negotiation practices in Ethiopia; donors' use of country's system in aid delivery; and GOE's ability to mobilize finance for development. The Study uses primary and secondary data collected through interviews and document reviews. While there are strong and functional joint government-donors aid coordination structures in Ethiopia that support country leadership over its development policies and strategies, nearly half of the development assistance in 2013 was disbursed outside the country financial and procurement system, which undermines country ownership and sustainability of the development efforts. In a bid to increase donors' use of host country system in Ethiopia, the joint government-donors Development Effectiveness Taskforce calls for the donors to set individual targets on use of host country systems. However, the Study found out that public sector capacity constraints are hindering more use of host country systems in Ethiopia. In this regard, the writer suggested for rolling-out the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) - Civil Society (CSO) Support model for aid delivery across sectors. The GAVI - CSO Support model minimizes public sector burden by providing aid funds that were channeled through the government system to local and international None-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). As the model uses GOE's financial and procurement systems in disbursing aid funds, the government remains in charge in designing and managing the development assistance, while the NGOs play a mere implementation roles. The Study also argued that some authors' fear of western donors' continued dominance in aid partnership and dialogue with recipient country is no longer the case because Western countries' Official Development Assistance is no more the only source of development finance. Domestic revenue, south-south cooperation, foreign direct investment, non-concessional private lending, private foundations, and remittance became additional and increasingly important sources of finance for development in developing counties including Ethiopia. With this new development finance landscape, a vibrant country ownership is emerging that both developing countries and their development partners must embrace and uphold it
Average coherence and its typicality for random mixed quantum states
Creators: name: Zhang, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wishart ensemble is a useful and important random matrix model used in diverse fields. By realizing induced random mixed quantum states as Wishart ensemble with the fixed-trace one, using matrix integral technique we give a fast track to the average coherence for random mixed quantum states induced via partial-tracing of the Haar-distributed bipartite pure states. As a direct consequence of this result, we get a compact formula of the average subentropy of random mixed states. These obtained compact formulae extend our previous work.
description: v2: 18 pages, minor errors and misprints are corrected, final version, accepted for publication in J. Phys. A; v1: 17 pages, LaTeX, no figures. Any comments are welcome!
Testing for structural change in spatial regions at unknown positions
Creators: name: Arnold, Matthias
name: Wied, Dominik
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: change point
subject: fluctuation test
subject: spatial correlation
subject: spatial order
subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: We propose a fluctuation-type procedure for detecting breaks in spatial regions. While such tests are common in the context of time series, it is not a priori clear how to apply them to spatial data as there is no natural order of the observations. We demonstrate how this order can be constructed from a spatial autoregressive model. Once such an order is derived, standard time series results apply and break points can be consistently identified.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB 823 ; 19/2012
Fine Arts Library Task Force updates
Creators: name: College Of Fine Arts
name: UT Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Fine Arts Library
FAL
Fine Arts Library Task Force

description: 2017 through 2019 updates and meeting minutes from the Fine Arts Library Task Force.
description: Final report of the Fine Arts Library Task Force https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/120344
BARALHO DOS ANIMAIS INVERTEBRADOS: APRENDENDO DE FORMA DINÂMICA
Creators: name: Silva, Junielson Soares da
name: Sousa, Fabrício Soares de
name: Santos, Franquilane Coelho dos
name: Dantas, Sandra Maria Mendes de Moura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Education

description: O uso de jogos didáticos é uma importante ferramenta para o ensino aprendizado, pois favorece ao aluno a construção do conhecimento, e ao professor uma alternativa complementar na transmissão do conteúdo. Apresentamos aqui uma proposta didática na forma de jogo de cartas, que tem como objetivo possibilitar de forma dinâmica ao aluno a compreensão das características morfofisiológicas dos oito filos de invertebrados. Para cada filo há: 01 carta-filo; 04 carta-texto e 01 carta-pergunta, cartas estas contendo informações sobre o tema abordado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer ao professor uma ferramenta didática alternativa que possibilite ao aluno à compreensão de conceitos e características biológicas dos invertebrados de forma dinâmica.
Quantum correlation enhanced super-resolution localization microscopy enabled by a fiber bundle camera
Creators: name: Israel, Yonatan
name: Tenne, Ron
name: Oron, Dan
name: Silberberg, Yaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite advances in low-light level detection, single-photon methods such as photon correlation have rarely been used in the context of imaging. The few demonstrations, for example of sub-diffraction limited imaging utilizing quantum statistics of photons, have remained in the realm of proof-of-principle demonstrations. This is primarily due to a combination of low values of fill factors, quantum efficiencies, frame rates and signal-to-noise characteristic of most available single-photon sensitive imaging detectors. Here we describe an imaging device based on a fiber bundle coupled to single-photon avalanche detectors, which combines a large fill factor, a high quantum efficiency, a low noise and scalable architecture. Our device enables localization based super-resolution microscopy in a non-sparse non-stationary scene, utilizing information on the number of active emitters, as gathered from non-classical photon statistics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, supporting information is not included. Comments are welcome
The Influence of Market Orientation on the Market Performance of Garment Companies in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Afework, Selam
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of market orientation on the market performance of garment companies in Ethiopia. The study considered two commonly used models of market orientation; Kohli and Jaworski's model and Narver and Slater's model. By detailing and comparing both theories, the researcher has found out that the dimensions of these models functionally overlap. Therefore, the researcher has chosen to build upon Kohli and Jaworski's dimensions of market orientation and investigate the influence on market performance. Market performance will also be determined based on five determinants adapted from Irving; Customer satisfaction, customer value, customer loyalty, attraction of new customers, market growth and market share. This study is conducted based on data collected from fourteen garment companies in Ethiopia and the Ethiopian Textile and Garment Manufacturers Association. Data was collected through survey questionnaire and projective techniques. Out of 70 questionnaires; 60 were usable. The analysis of the data was made with SPSS and EViews. The research result found that there is a positive and significant relationship between Intelligence Generation and Market Performance; Responsiveness and Market Performance. Yet, there is a positive but insignificant relationship between Intelligence dissemination and Market Performance of local garment companies in Ethiopia. The study recommends that garment companies must be market oriented in order to achieve superior market performance.
Intermediate super-exponential localization with Aubry-André chains
Creators: name: Mallick, Arindam
name: Andreanov, Alexei
name: Flach, Sergej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence of an intermediate super-exponential localization regime for eigenstates of the Aubry-André chain. In this regime, the eigenstates localize factorially similarly to the eigenstates of the Wannier-Stark ladder. The super-exponential decay emerges on intermediate length scales for large values of the $\textit{winding length}$ -- the quasi-period of the Aubry-André potential. This intermediate localization is present both in the metallic and insulating phases of the system. In the insulating phase, the super-exponential localization is periodically interrupted by weaker decaying tails to form the conventional asymptotic exponential decay predicted for the Aubry-André model. In the metallic phase, the super-exponential localization happens for states with energies away from the center of the spectrum and is followed by a super-exponential growth into the next peak of the extended eigenstate. By adjusting the parameters it is possible to arbitrarily extend the validity of the super-exponential localization. A similar intermediate super-exponential localization regime is demonstrated in quasiperiodic discrete-time unitary maps.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. Comments are welcome
Advanced LIGO Constraints on Neutron Star Mergers and R-Process Sites
Creators: name: Côté, Benoit
name: Belczynski, Krzysztof
name: Fryer, Chris L.
name: Ritter, Christian
name: Paul, Adam
name: Wehmeyer, Benjamin
name: O'Shea, Brian W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of compact binary mergers as the main production site of r-process elements is investigated by combining stellar abundances of Eu observed in the Milky Way, galactic chemical evolution (GCE) simulations, binary population synthesis models, and Advanced LIGO gravitational wave measurements. We compiled and reviewed seven recent GCE studies to extract the frequency of neutron star - neutron star (NS-NS) mergers that is needed in order to reproduce the observed [Eu/Fe] vs [Fe/H] relationship. We used our simple chemical evolution code to explore the impact of different analytical delay-time distribution (DTD) functions for NS-NS mergers. We then combined our metallicity-dependent population synthesis models with our chemical evolution code to bring their predictions, for both NS-NS mergers and black hole - neutron star mergers, into a GCE context. Finally, we convolved our results with the cosmic star formation history to provide a direct comparison with current and upcoming Advanced LIGO measurements. When assuming that NS-NS mergers are the exclusive r-process sites, and that the ejected r-process mass per merger event is 0.01 Msun, the number of NS-NS mergers needed in GCE studies is about 10 times larger than what is predicted by standard population synthesis models. These two distinct fields can only be consistent with each other when assuming optimistic rates, massive NS-NS merger ejecta, and low Fe yields for massive stars. Population synthesis models and GCE simulations are in agreement with the current upper limit (O1) established by Advanced LIGO during their first run of observations. Upcoming measurements will provide important constraints on the actual local NS-NS merger rate, will provide insights on the plausibility of the GCE requirement, and will help to define whether or not compact binary mergers can be the dominant source of r-process elements in the Universe.
description: Accepted in ApJ, 22 pages, 14 figures, 1 table
Anisotropic Electronic Structure of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas at the AlOx/KTaO3(110) interface
Creators: name: Martínez, E. A.
name: Dai, J.
name: Tallarida, M.
name: Nemes, N. M.
name: Bruno, F. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oxide-based two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) have generated significant interest due to their potential for discovering novel physical properties. Among these, 2DEGs formed in KTaO3 stand out due to the recently discovered crystal face-dependent superconductivity and large Rashba splitting, both of which hold potential for future oxide electronics devices. In this work, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to study the electronic structure of the 2DEG formed at the (110) surface of KTaO3 after deposition of a thin Al layer. Our experiments revealed a remarkable anisotropy in the orbital character of the electron-like dispersive bands, which form a Fermi surface consisting of two elliptical contours with their major axes perpendicular to each other. The measured electronic structure is used to constrain the modeling parameters of self-consistent tight-binding slab calculations of the band structure. In these calculations, an anisotropic Rashba splitting is found with a value as large as 4 meV at the Fermi level along the [-110] crystallographic direction. This large unconventional and anisotropic Rashba splitting is rationalized based on the orbital angular momentum formulation. These findings provide insights into the interpretation of spin-orbitronics experiments and help to constrain models for superconductivity in the KTO(110)-2DEG system.
The HOMFLYPT polynomials of sublinks and the Yokonuma-Hecke algebras
Creators: name: d'Andecy, L. Poulain
name: Wagner, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe completely the link invariants constructed using Markov traces on the Yokonuma-Hecke algebras in terms of the linking matrix and the HOMFLYPT polynomials of sublinks.
description: 8 pages
Broadband heteronuclear decoupling in the presence of homonuclear dipolar and quadrupolar interactions
Creators: name: Suter, Dieter
name: Schenker, K. V.
name: Pines, A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 530

description: A new family of composite decoupling sequences designed for heteronuclear broadband decoupling of spin-1 and spin-1/2 in solids and liquid crystals is introduced. The pulse sequences are windowless and perform net rotations in spin space about magic-angle axes. Computer simulations and experimental results are presented to demonstrate their decoupling performance and to discuss their susceptibility toward pulse imperfections. We describe the evaluation of the new sequences, called COMARO (composite magic-angle rotation), and point out some possibilities for further improvements.
A Critical Assessment of Actors, Roles and Power in the Charities and Societies Proclamation No.621/2009 Making process in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Fantahun, Getinet
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study is to critically asses the roles and power of government and nongovernment actors during the CSOs lawmaking process in Ethiopia. In order to achieve the stated aim, data is collected from the executive, legislatures, Civil Society Organization Task Forces, Civil Society Agency and the academic by using open ended questionnaire and interviews. Then, discussion and analysis is made using descriptive and analytical research methods. Minutes, correspondences and relevant documents are used to substantiate the responses from the primary sources. Based on analysis and interpretation of the data, the findings of research shows that the CoMs, MoJ, experts from the OPM, Legal Affairs Directorate of the MoFA, FDRE HPRs, CSOTFs, individual CSOs, donors and individual citizens participated during the CSO lawmaking process, the absolute power being in the hands of the executive. CSOTFs made changes on several but less contentious provisions, those that pitted the government with CSOs are not resolved. Too fragmented opposition parties remain minority while the ruling party enjoyed absolute majority vote. MoJ was prompted to initiate the law because of following reasons 1) the lack of trust that existed between the government and CSOs 2) the previous laws (Civil Code 1952 and Regulation No.321/1959) have neither clear legal provisions to support genuine NGOs nor to punish illegal ones 3) the previous laws do not specifically deal about CSOs 4) the previous laws have contradicting definitions and 5) the Business Process Reengineering (BPR) reform. All actors shared the need for the law despite differences in key provisions. Key areas of concern focus on: restriction on foreign funding and definition of CSOs, restriction on work areas, powers of the CSA and sector administrators and infringements defined as "Criminal Acts". The ratification of the law is not the last stage in lawmaking process. Therefore, CSOTFs should continue to raise concerns about the proclamation and design a system for reviewing the enforcement and impact of the proclamation with the aim to provide evidence on how its application is affecting their activities. The executive should make continuous reappraisal of the most contentious provisions and provide remedies for each
Measuring Inflaton Couplings via Primordial Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Barman, Basabendu
name: Ghoshal, Anish
name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Socha, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the reach of future gravitational wave (GW) detectors in probing inflaton couplings with visible sector particles that can either be bosonic or fermionic in nature. Assuming reheating takes place through perturbative quantum production from vacuum in presence of classical inflaton background field, we find that the spectral energy density of the primordial GW generated during inflation becomes sensitive to inflaton-matter coupling. We conclude, obeying bounds from Big Bang Nucleosysthesis and Cosmic Microwave Background, that, e.g., inflaton-scalar couplings of the order of $\sim\mathcal{O}(10^{-20})$ GeV fall within the sensitivity range of several proposed GW detector facilities. However, this prediction is sensitive to the size of the inflationary scale, nature of the inflaton-matter interaction and shape of the potential during reheating. Having found the time-dependent effective inflaton decay width, we also discuss its implications for dark matter (DM) production from the thermal plasma via UV freeze-in during reheating. It is shown, that one can reproduce the observed DM abundance for its mass up to several PeVs, depending on the dimension of the operator connecting DM with the thermal bath and the associated scale of the UV physics. Thus we promote primordial GW to observables sensitive to feebly coupled inflaton, which is very challenging if not impossible to test in conventional particle physics laboratories or astrophysical measurements.
description: 43 pages, 7 figures, 2 Tables, version accepted for JHEP
Extraction of Lectin from Banana Using Acid Solvent
Creators: name: Fatuma, Abiyu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Banana is a major tropical fruit crop distributed in more than 120 countries with an annual production of 102 million tones. Banana Lectin is a lectin from the jacalin-related lectin family isolated from the fruit of the bananas (Musa acuminate). It exists as a homodimer which are two identical kda (kilodalton) sub unit. The objective of the thesis was extraction of lectin from banana for glycoconjugates. A number of literatures were reviewed for extraction of lectin.Lectin was extracted from ripen and unripen banana. The protein was highly stable and binds to a certain carbohydrate structure. These heterogeneous class of carbohydrate-binding proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin are capable of specific recognition of, and reversible binding to, carbohydrates without altering their covalent structure. The maximum amount of lectin (3.6 mg) was found from ripen banana that socked in neutral pH, at 25 o C and 24 hours. And it was checked its glycoconjugates activity using KHB kit and agglutination was observed on the wall of the plate. As socking time increased from 12-36 hours the amount of lectin decreased. Large amount of lectin was observed in neutral pH than in acidic and basic solutions. Besides as temperature increased from 2530 o C, still amount of lectin decreased. This was due to the break-down of protein molecules in long socking time, acidic and basic solutions and high temperature.
The Stellar Halo in the Inner Milky Way: Predicted Shape and Kinematics
Creators: name: Pérez-Villegas, Angeles
name: Portail, Matthieu
name: Gerhard, Ortwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used N-body simulations for the Milky Way to investigate the kinematic and structural properties of the old metal-poor stellar halo in the barred inner region of the Galaxy. We find that the extrapolation of the density distribution for bulge RR Lyrae stars, $ρ\sim r^{-3}$, approximately matches the number density of RR Lyrae in the nearby stellar halo. We follow the evolution of such a tracer population through the formation and evolution of the bar and box/peanut bulge in the N-body model. We find that its density distribution changes from oblate to triaxial, and that it acquires slow rotation in agreement with recent measurements. The maximum radial velocity is $\sim15-25$ km/s at $| l|\!=10^\circ-30^\circ$, and the velocity dispersion is $\sim120$ km/s. Even though the simulated metal-poor halo in the bulge has a barred shape, just $12\%$ of the orbits follow the bar, and it does not trace the peanut/X structure. With these properties, the RR Lyrae population in the Galactic bulge is consistent with being the inward extension of the Galactic metal-poor stellar halo.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Understanding The Enemy of Our Enemy: Bacteriophage
Creators: name: Adwitiya Das1*, Farhin Aktar Choudhury3, Tilak Chandan S1 and Raghavendra SV2
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Introduction

We, the Homo sapiens live in a microbial driven world which is believed to be tempered by the existence of microorganisms to create atmospheric conditions allowing other eukaryotic life forms to flourish on this planet from an early hostile environment to a present day Earth. A significant portion of the planet's life is made up of microorganisms, which are also essential to the preservation of the Earth's ecology. Enzymes encoded by bacteria and archaea play a crucial part in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, catalyzing all major processes involved in global biogeochemical cycling and contributing to the production of over half of Earth's oxygen (Clokie et al., 2011). However some micro-organisms can be pathogenic and can cause diseases in plants, animals and humans. For the rescue from such enemies, scientists and researchers have developed various antimicrobials to curtail their growth and thus inhibiting the progress of certain diseases. Antibiotics are the ‘magic bullets’ extensively and indiscriminately used more or less in almost every medical or veterinary specialty as well as agriculture and livestock production over a century and are arguably most important and widely used intervention in this Darwinian race. Throughout this period, the bacteria have developed strategies to combat against such antibiotic therapy for becoming not only resistant to antibiotics but multidrug resistant (MDR) which can be easily transferred to their descendants, generations after generations resulting in accouchement of “Superbugs” undergirding the proverb “bad bugs can bite back”.  Antibiotics are becoming less effective as a result, making an increasing variety of infections more difficult to cure. Antibiotics that are freely available for purchase for human or animal use without a prescription and without following established treatment guidelines hasten the formation and spread of resistance. According to a review report on Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR), death attributable to AMR is 10 million per year-by-year 2050. A paradigm shift in the treatment of infectious diseases with alternative therapies is urgently needed, as the nebulous concept of antibiotic prudence is one of the mitigating strategies to curb the threat of antibiotic overuse. However, the emergence of antibiotic failure due to bacterial resistance has raised serious concerns. Among the various researches, the notion of bacteriophage therapy is getting a second look as a potential weapon against MDR bacteria to be used as an alternative or as supplement to antibiotic treatments (Nikolich and Andrey, 2020).