Tetramorium transformans Santschi 1914, stat. rev., stat. nov.
Creators: name: Sharaf, Mostafa R.
name: Fisher, Brian L.
name: Collingwood, Cedric A.
name: Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Tetramorium
Tetramorium transformans

description: Tetramorium transformans Santschi, 1914, stat. rev., stat. nov.
(Figure 24 (a–c))
Tetramorium pauper st. transformans Santschi, 1914: 104 (w.) Kenya. Afrotropical. Junior synonym of Tetramorium caldarium: Bolton, 1980: 310. (Holotype worker, NHMB) [examined].
Diagnosis
Worker. Eyes of eight ommatidia in longest row; frontal carinae running back beyond posterior level of eyes; head and gaster yellowish, first gastral tergite darker than gaster, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole reddish distinctly contrasting rest of body.
Material examined
Yemen, Socotra Island, W. Sakhalof, 27 April 2014, 48 m, (M. R. Sharaf leg.), 12.63311°N, 54.05632°E (1 w, KSMA); Yemen, Socotra Island, Qalansyia, 25 April 2014, 26 m, (M. R. Sharaf leg.), 12.68401°N, 53.49052°E (2 w, KSMA); Yemen, Socotra Island, Dixam (W. Zereg), 24 April 2014, 279 m, (M. R. Sharaf leg.), 12.46868°N, 54.01091°E (3 KSMA); Yemen, Socotra Island, W. Ayhift, 20 April 2014, 38 m, (M. R. Sharaf leg.), 12.61906°N, 53.94005°E (12 w, KSMA); Yemen, Socotra Island, W. Jo’ o, 21 April 2014, 196 m, (M. R. Sharaf leg.), 12.54038°N, 54.17186°E, (10 w KSMA); Yemen, Socotra Island, Deyishil village, 21 April 2014, 180 m, (M. R. Sharaf leg.), 12.52010°N, 54.17438°E (1 w, KSMA).
Remarks
Bolton (1980) synonymized Tetramorium transformans under Tetramorium caldarium. However, Tetramorium transformans can be readily separated from Tetramorium caldarium by the following characters: cephalic dorsum with scattered longitudinal feeble rugulae, with ground-sculpture shining and weakly imbricate. Frontal carinae less-developed, ending back at the posterior levels of eyes. Whereas Tetramorium caldarium has the cephalic dorsum feebly densely finely longitudinally rugulose, with ground-sculpture dull, finely, conspicuously punctulate or granulate. Frontal carinae well-developed running back beyond the posterior levels of eyes, feebly defined, and interrupted before reaching posterior margin of head.
Tetramorium transformans was originally described as a strain under Tetramorium pauper Forel, 1907. Comparing Tetramorium transformans with Tetramorium pauper, both are similar in body size, sculpture and pilosity, but Tetramorium transformans is easily diagnosed by the larger eyes, with seven ommatidia in the longest row (EI 26), whereas eyes of Tetramorium pauper are consistently smaller, with four ommatidia in the longest row (EI 15). In addition, the frontal carinae in Tetramorium pauper are shorter and just reach back to midline of eyes, whereas Tetramorium transformans has a longer and stronger frontal carinae running back to the posterior level of eyes. The eyes structure and size are important diagnostic characters in the genus Tetramorium (Francisco Hita Garcia & Barry Bolton, personal communication 2016), Therefore, Tetramorium transformans is removed from synonymy with Tetramorium caldarium and recognized as a valid species.
Geographic range
This species is originally described from Kenya (Santschi 1914) and is recorded for the first time from Socotra Archipelago.
Ecological and biological notes
This species was collected from dry leaf litter under a tree of Ficus cordata Thunb (Moraceae). Several workers were foraging in dry soil under a date palm tree. A nest was found in moist leaf litter rich in decaying organic materials of animal faeces and next to a stream near date palm trees. A nest was found in galleries of a termite nest under a rock and coexisting with a nest of Monomorium exiguum.
description: Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Fisher, Brian L., Collingwood, Cedric A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2017, Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species, pp. 317-378 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (5 - 6) on pages 361-363, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1271157, http://zenodo.org/record/5184295