cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Field Performance and Persistance of Anti-Soiling Coatings on Photovoltaic Glass
Creators: name: Brophy, B.
name: Abrams, Z.R.
name: Gonsalves, P.
name: Christy, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2598-2602
description: As solar panels are being deployed at GW scales across diverse climatic regions, and as the solar industry
must increasingly compete on a leveled cost of energy (LCOE) basis, the effects and cost of soiling on panel output is
becoming more acute. Studies of various anti-soiling coatings have generally shown that hydrophobic (low surface
energy) coatings exhibit an anti-soiling effect in many locations and applications. However, it has also been postulated
that response may differ depending on location specific factors. Here, we present field and laboratory performance data
for a robust dual-function anti-reflective and anti-soiling coating that is dense, homogeneous and intrinsically
hydrophobic. The anti-soiling effect is shown to be consistent over two years of field exposure. We show that local
conditions are an important determinant in anti-soiling response and can begin to draw correlations to select the optimal
coating functionalization. We conclude that hydrophobic coatings have a strong anti-soiling effect at most arid sites.
Direct numerical simulation of forced thermal convection in square ducts up to $Re_τ\approx 2000$
Creators: name: Modesti, Davide
name: Pirozzoli, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out direct numerical simulation (DNS) of flow in a turbulent square duct by focusing on heat transfer effects, considering the case of unit Prandtl number. Reynolds numbers up to $Re_τ\approx 2000$ are considered which are much higher than in previous studies, and which yield clear scale separation between inner- and outer-layer dynamics. Close similarity between the behavior of the temperature and the streamwise velocity fields is confirmed as in previous studies related to plane channels and pipes. Just like the mean velocity, the mean temperature is found to exhibit logarithmic layers as a function of the nearest wall, however with a different slope. The most important practical implication is the validity of the traditional hydraulic diameter as the correct reference length for reporting heat transfer data, as we rigorously show here. Temperature and velocity fluctuations also have similar behavior, but apparently logarithmic growth of their inner-scaled peak variances is not observed here unlike in canonical wall-bounded flows. Analysis of the split contributions to the heat transfer coefficient shows that mean cross-stream convection associated with secondary motions is responsible for about $5\%$ of the total. Finally, we use the DNS database to highlight shortcomings of traditional linear closures for the turbulent heat flux, and show that substantial modeling improvement may be in principle obtained by retaining at least the three terms in the vector polynomial integrity basis expansion.
Bayesian non-parametric inference for $Λ$-coalescents: consistency and a parametric method
Creators: name: Koskela, Jere
name: Jenkins, Paul A.
name: Spanò, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Primary: 62M05, Secondary: 62G05, 92D15

description: We investigate Bayesian non-parametric inference of the $Λ$-measure of $Λ$-coalescent processes with recurrent mutation, parametrised by probability measures on the unit interval. We give verifiable criteria on the prior for posterior consistency when observations form a time series, and prove that any non-trivial prior is inconsistent when all observations are contemporaneous. We then show that the likelihood given a data set of size $n \in \mathbb{N}$ is constant across $Λ$-measures whose leading $n - 2$ moments agree, and focus on inferring truncated sequences of moments. We provide a large class of functionals which can be extremised using finite computation given a credible region of posterior truncated moment sequences, and a pseudo-marginal Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for sampling the posterior. Finally, we compare the efficiency of the exact and noisy pseudo-marginal algorithms with and without delayed acceptance acceleration using a simulation study.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures
Long Term Statistics on Micro Cracks and Their Impact on Performance
Creators: name: Arp, J.
name: Jaeckel, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2561-2564
description: In recent years there has been extensive research on the topic of micro cracks. Marc Koentges delivered ground
breaking work several years ago. Especially his simulation and theory of the possible power loss caused by micro
cracks serves as a basis for the analysis and evaluation of micro cracks. What has been missing in the past is
information about the probability that the possible power loss occurs under normal outdoor operating conditions.
PV lab build a 30 kW power plant equipped with 130 multi crystalline Si-modules 6” 60 cell which have been sorted
out due to severe micro cracks. All PV modules have been preselected: they have been sorted out from a power plant
project after EL screening due to severe micro cracks (either number of cracked cells per module or highly damaged
cells). So the investigation basically focuses on a worst-case scenario.
The plant has been put into operation before winter 2011. In spring 2014 and 2015, after three resp. four winters, the
modules have been inspected again with STC-power measurement and EL imaging.
The data is analyzed on cell and on module level. On cell level every cell is characterized by the type of micro crack,
the percentage of potentially isolated area and of isolated area. The analysis compares the development of the micro
crack status of the different types of cracks with respect to isolated areas and potential power loss.
Approximately 200 cells in four categories have been specifically selected for detailed monitoring and analysis.
Changes in number of cracks, crack-shape and isolated areas were investigated.
17,2% of the number of the areas which have been endangered to become isolated have really been electrically
separated from the live circuit.
Reliability and Energy Performance of Crystalline Silicon Modules Containing Cells with Small Defects
Creators: name: Xia, D.
name: Quan, P.
name: Xia, J.
name: Yu, J.
name: Feng, Z.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Altermatt, P.P.
name: Verlinden, P.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2565-2568
description: Modules containing cells with small defects can still meet the reliability and energy output
performance standard requirements set in IEC61215, as we show by a series of indoor and outdoor reliability and
energy output performance tests. There seems to be no direct link between the presence of small defects within the
modules and the performance degradation after reliability testing under the following two circumstances: First, the
temperature difference, T, is mainly in the range of 9.6 – 30 in modules with defective cells (under short-circuit
condition during outdoor exposure), and this is not much different from the T that a “normal” module experiences.
Second, as long as the cell defects are kept to a small proportional area less than about 6%, there is no obvious
relationship between the location of the defect detected by EL and the position of hot-spots detected with an IR
camera. In addition, if the modules are maintained at the maximum power point, testing results show that there is a
typical temperature difference of less than 5 under normal irradiance conditions, even for modules with small cell
defects.
New Acceleration Testing Method “Highly Accelerated Thermal Cycling Test”: Acceleration Method through Degradation Mode Analysis
Creators: name: Morita, K.
name: Tsuno, Y.
name: Yasuda, Y.
name: Kera, S.
name: Fujimori, M.
name: Kohno, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2515-2520
description: A new acceleration testing method “Highly Accelerated Thermal Cycling (HATC) test” has been
developed in order to evaluate the long-term reliability of PV modules with shorter test period than normal thermal
cycling test of IEC61215. For further degradation acceleration, the temperature difference (T) dependence of the
degradation for thermal cycling test was examined and verified. The T conditions were 165°C (HATC), 125°C
(IEC TC) and 90°C respectively. The results show that the degradation was accelerated under larger T condition.
The dominant degradation mode caused by both HATC and IEC TC was same, which is the increase in series
resistance due to solder bonds degradation of interconnector. The Eyring model was employed to estimate the
acceleration factor () of HATC (T=165°C) compared to normal IEC TC (T=125°C) showing approximately a
difference of 2.3 times, which means the degradation of HATC 200 cycles is equivalent to the normal IEC TC 460
cycles. The experimental results are reported mainly focusing on the change of photo/dark IV using IV analysis
technique.
Results from Extended Degradation and Outdoor Tests of NICE Modules
Creators: name: Madon, F.
name: Colin, H.
name: Sicot, L.
name: Lefillastre, P.
name: Degoulange, J.
name: Einhaus, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2534-2537
description: Apollon Solar’s NICE (New Industrial Solar Cell Encapsulation) module technology has been developed
among other objectives to provide a long term stable encapsulation for solar cells against environmental impact, such as
heat, humidity, UV exposure and mechanical stress. Standard state of the art modules that feature EVA (Ethylene vinyl
acetate) encapsulation and a polymer backsheet often show degradation modes after long-term outdoor exposure or
accelerated laboratory degradation tests according to the IEC Standard 61215 for module certification, such as the Damp
heat test (exposure to 85°C and 85% rH during 1000 hours), or the UV preconditioning test. The NICE module
technology overcomes these degradation modes in that it has a glass sheet on the rear instead of a polymer foil and no
lamination by polymer materials such as EVA. Instead the module volume is filled by a neutral gas and the
environmental protection provided by an edge seal composed of a 10mm wide polyisobuthylene (PIB) ribbon and a
secondary silicone based sealing.
In this work results from a 9000 hour Damp heat test (9x the requirements of the IEC Standard) on a NICE test
module with heterojunction solar cells, carried out by CEA-INES, will be shown. During 9000 hours module power and
fill factor have not shown any serious degradation, fluctuations of both parameters within a margin of -2.0% to +2.0%
have been observed, some of which can be attributed to test conditions (recalibration of flash tester).
Also shown are results from an outdoor installation of industrial size NICE modules on the rooftop of CEA-INES
after 3-year exposure. Over this period the module power degradation including Light Induced Degradation (the modules
were made from p-type multi-c Silicon solar cells) was in average from 0.4%/y to 0.5%/y.
Reflectance Measurements for Testing the Effect of Module Cleaning on the Glass Surface
Creators: name: Ferretti, N.
name: Sönmez, A.
name: Schneider, F.
name: Litzenburger, B.
name: Janke, S.
name: Weber, T.
name: Berghold, J.
name: Grunow, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2538-2544
description: In the last years, because of the higher irradiation, an increase of installed PV systems situated close to
the equator line could be observed. As these regions are often characterized by an arid climate, sand and dust
deposition on the solar modules can reduce significantly the predicted energy yield. Closer to equator the soiling
effect becomes also more incisive because of the lower tilt angle of the installed modules. Therefore, in desert
regions, several cleaning procedures are implemented. The cleaning is generally performed by mechanical systems,
which may affect the lifetime of the modules. For the investigation of the specific impact of different cleaning
procedures on the module performance, in this work different accelerated cleaning tests are performed. The impact on
the modules is then evaluated through performance and electroluminescence measurements. Moreover, reflectance
measurements are performed in order to test the effect of the cleaning on the antireflection coatings and on the glass
surface of the modules. Accordingly, the suitability of the investigated coatings for desert applications is also tested.
The resistivity of different coatings on glass is then compared trough an abrasion test.
Rezensionen zu Bodo Gotzkowsky, Die Buchholzschnitte Hans Brosamers zu den Frankfurter „Volksbuch“-Ausgaben und ihre Wiederverwendungen; ders., Die Buchholzschnitte Hans Brosamers in Werken Martin Luthers und anderen religiösen Drucken des 16. Jahrhunderts. Ein bibliographisches Verzeichnis ihrer Verwendungen; ders., Die Buchholzschnitte Hans Brosamers in naturwissenschaftlichen, humanistischen und satirischen Drucken des 16. Jahrhunderts. Ein bibliographisches Verzeichnis ihrer Verwendungen
Creators: name: Wolkenhauer, Anja
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Literatur
subject: 800

description: Zweitveröffentlichung
Potential-Induced Degradation for Prolonged Humidity-Freeze Test
Creators: name: Chen, J.
name: Chen, H.
name: Hsueh, C.H.
name: Chang, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2499-2502
description: This study focuses on the analysis of the failure mode for the humidity freeze test. We performed the
humidity freeze test stricter than IEC61215. Any improvement is a contribution for the PV modules in the reliability. We
try to find the reason, and improve our PV modules. We hope to get better quality and performance of the PV modules in
the field. The PV modules are performed various long-term reliability test in order to study the failure mode for the field.
We found the potential induced degradation for the humidity freeze failure mode, and study the failure mode to improve
the performance of the PV module in the field. The failure mode is caused the humidity freeze test with monitoring the
continuity of the internal circuit. When the PV modules are applied the current during the humidity freeze test, the
voltage of first solar cells is 0.6V from the positive pole. The voltage is increased 36V for last solar cell from the positive
pole to negative pole. The surface of the solar cell has negative voltage to attract the positive charge into the solar cell.
The positive charge damages the depletion region during the humidity freeze test. We call the potential induced
degradation for humidity freeze failure mode.
FEM-Simulation of Water Vapor Ingress into Glass-Glass-Modules with Polymeric Edge Sealant and a New Experimental Set Up for Permeation Tests for Sealing Material
Creators: name: Klimm, E.
name: Piekarczyk, A.
name: Vogt, F.
name: Ballion, A.
name: Weiß, K.-A.
name: Köhl, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2470-2472
description: PV module designs using glass plates as front and as back covers are often used to minimize moisture
ingress. Both effects, moisture ingress and moisture leakage are found to contribute to the degradation of the PVmodules.
The moisture transport for different material combinations for PV modules was numerically simulated by
Finite Element Methods (FEM) and validated by permeation tests [1]. Previously simulated water vapor ingress
through back sheets is compared to simulations on water vapor ingress through edge sealants. Edge sealant properties
were determined in a literature survey. Finally, a new in-house developed upgrade for the permeation test method
enables measurements of edge sealants based on the existing permeation equipment.
Cyclic Density Functional Theory : A route to the first principles simulation of bending in nanostructures
Creators: name: Banerjee, Amartya S.
name: Suryanarayana, Phanish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate and implement Cyclic Density Functional Theory (Cyclic DFT) -- a self-consistent first principles simulation method for nanostructures with cyclic symmetries. Using arguments based on Group Representation Theory, we rigorously demonstrate that the Kohn-Sham eigenvalue problem for such systems can be reduced to a fundamental domain (or cyclic unit cell) augmented with cyclic-Bloch boundary conditions. Analogously, the equations of electrostatics appearing in Kohn-Sham theory can be reduced to the fundamental domain augmented with cyclic boundary conditions. By making use of this symmetry cell reduction, we show that the electronic ground-state energy and the Hellmann-Feynman forces on the atoms can be calculated using quantities defined over the fundamental domain. We develop a symmetry-adapted finite-difference discretization scheme to obtain a fully functional numerical realization of the proposed approach. We verify that our formulation and implementation of Cyclic DFT is both accurate and efficient through selected examples. The connection of cyclic symmetries with uniform bending deformations provides an elegant route to the ab-initio study of bending in nanostructures using Cyclic DFT. As a demonstration of this capability, we simulate the uniform bending of a silicene nanoribbon and obtain its energy-curvature relationship from first principles. A self-consistent ab-initio simulation of this nature is unprecedented and well outside the scope of any other systematic first principles method in existence. Our simulations reveal that the bending stiffness of the silicene nanoribbon is intermediate between that of graphene and molybdenum disulphide. We describe several future avenues and applications of Cyclic DFT, including its extension to the study of non-uniform bending deformations and its possible use in the study of the nanoscale flexoelectric effect.
description: Version 3 of the manuscript, Accepted for publication in Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022509616303684
Modeling of Solar Cell and Semiconductor Chip Total Factory Energy and Water Consumption
Creators: name: Schottler, M.
name: De Wild-Scholten, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Quality and Sustainability in Manufacturing and Recycling

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2439-2443
description: The productions cited in the title require electrical (and other) power sources for the production toolset
itself, but also for support functions on the same production site ("facilities", e.g. pressurized air, cooling water, etc.).
In good approximation, the whole power input is converted to waste heat and withdrawn from the fab building by
several cooling loops. The usual choice for withdrawal of heat from the site at the final highest temperature level is
open cooling (cooling towers) inducing vaporisation of water. It leads to a certain correlation of power and raw water
consumption which is demonstrated by a site model calculating the respective contributions and their correlations for
both of the technologies. The given results can be used to assess a water footprint based on energy usage in case more
detailed data are lacking, e.g. for new technologies. Total site power demand can also be predicted based on the
production toolset power demand. Finally, saving potentials in a given production, or the requirements of expansion,
respectively, can be estimated. Thus, the results may be used in multiple ways for life cycle assessment or cost
modelling.
Massive Gauge-flation
Creators: name: Nieto, Carlos M.
name: Rodriguez, Yeinzon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauge-flation model at zeroth order in cosmological perturbation theory offers an interesting scenario for realizing inflation within a particle physics context, allowing us to investigate interesting possible connections between inflation and the subsequent evolution of the Universe. Difficulties, however, arise at the perturbative level, thus motivating a modification of the original model. In order to agree with the latest Planck observations, we modify the model such that the new dynamics can produce a relation between the spectral index $n_{s}$ and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ allowed by the data. By including an identical mass term for each of the fields of the system, we find interesting dynamics leading to slow-roll inflation of the right length. The presence of the mass term has the potential to modify the $n_{s}$ vs. $r$ relation so as to agree with the data. As a first step, we study the model at zeroth order in cosmological perturbation theory, finding the conditions required for slow-roll inflation and the number of e-foldings of inflation. Numerical solutions are used to explore the impact of the mass term. We conclude that the massive version of Gauge-flation offers a viable inflationary model.
description: LaTeX file in ws-mpla style, 15 pages, 18 figures. v2: several miscellaneous changes. Some numerical problems with the plots were detected and solved but the conclusions are unchanged. Version accepted for publication in Modern Physics Letters A
Life Cycle Assessment of Silver Replacement with Copper Based Metallization in TetraSun PV Modules
Creators: name: Sinha, P.
name: De Wild-Scholten, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Quality and Sustainability in Manufacturing and Recycling

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2424-2429
description: Silver has been identified as a critical material for c-Si PV manufacturing and aggressive reduction or
replacement of silver consumption is included in the International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaics. While the
motivation for these reductions is largely related to cost, there are also potential sustainability benefits with regards to
avoided resource depletion. By replacing industry-standard screen-printed silver fingers with copper electrodes,
TetraSun PV modules can reduce by about one-half the life cycle resource depletion attributed to c-Si PV systems,
with the remaining half primarily attributed to the inverter. The impacts of resource depletion by PV systems may be
further mitigated by high-value end-of-life module and BOS recycling that recovers both bulk and critical materials
for reuse in new products. TetraSun PV systems deployed in Japan, the initial intended market for the technology,
can provide over two-third reductions in environmental impacts relative to Japanese grid electricity for a wide variety
of damage categories, including air and water quality, toxicity, and land use. Compared with Japanese grid
electricity, the life cycle carbon footprint of TetraSun systems are about 92% lower, and compared with conventional
mono-c-Si PV systems manufactured in China, the life cycle carbon footprint and energy payback time of TetraSun
systems are about 44% and 25% lower, respectively.
UniSAFE: Tampere University – institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Huck, Averil
name: Linkova, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Energy Management of Battery-Supercapacitor in Photovoltaic Energy Storage
Creators: name: Ouassaid, M.
name: Cabrane, Z.
name: Maaroufi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Balance of System Components

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2387-2391
description: Due the variation of solar irradiation, the photovoltaic panels produce a variable energy, the batteries
used in storage systems in renewable power can undergo many irregular charge / dischargecycles. In turn, this
solution can also have a detrimental effect on the life of the battery and can increase project costs. However, to ensure
a long cycle life, good cost and good performance of the system, an embedded energy sharing method between the
energy storage system (battery) and the auxiliary energy storage system such as supercapacitors (SC) is proposed.
Supercapacitors are applied to relieve fast changes in the battery storage system. Batteries are used to meet the energy
requirements and SCs are used to meet the instantaneous power demand. The components of the systems are
supervised through a block of energy management to ensure the DC Bus voltage. The proposed model of the system
is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Use of Ni-Fe Batteries in Solar PV Systems
Creators: name: Luerßen, C.
name: Walsh, T.M.
name: Adelmann, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Balance of System Components

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2392-2397
description: In this paper we investigate the potential and suitability of today’s nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) batteries for
applications in stand-alone PV systems. To achieve this, we evaluated the efficiency of Ni-Fe cells from two different
manufacturers using two different charging regimes. The first regime involved charging the cells according to the
recommendations of the respective manufacturers. This meant charging them with an amount of charge equivalent to
1.6 times their nominal capacities. The second regime involved charging the cells only to their nominal capacity.
Both these charging regimes were carried out on cell level at different charging rates. An further experiment was
conducted to investigate the battery performance while it is charged by the variable output power of a PV module.
The result is an increase of the efficiency at lower charge capacity and low charge rates. Cutting off the discharge at a
certain voltage has a positive effect as well. Loss of water through gassing (emission of oxygen and hydrogen) was
found to be a significant issue, particularly when the cells were over-charged. Excessive gassing can be avoided by
implementing a suitable charge control. We discuss such an approach and give suggestions for future research topics.
Integration of Batteries into Utility Scale Photovoltaic Plants
Creators: name: Merz, R.
name: Feßler, D.K.
name: Burski, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Balance of System Components

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2378-2380
description: Integration of Batteries at the input of central inverters of utility scale photovoltaic systems promise
high power conversion efficiency and lower installation costs compared to AC-coupling. Unfortunately available
maximum power point trackers for DC-coupling of the batteries only boost the voltage of the photovoltaic
strings and are not able to operate the strings at the same voltage range of the battery. Depending on state of
charge, the range of the battery voltage VBatt, approximated to 630 V  VBatt  1000V, limits the voltage VString of
photovoltaic strings to VString < 600V. Using a buck / boost converter to charge the batteries allows for VString <
VBatt raising power conversion efficiency and has the possibility to reduce costs of the whole system compared to
systems using boost converter MPPTs or AC-coupling of the batteries.
Method of Reducing Losses of PV Power Plants Based on CIGS Technology with Transformerless Inverters
Creators: name: Hrzina, P.
name: Hruška, M.
name: Hruška, P.
name: Cerná, L.
name: Finsterle, T.
name: Benda, V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Balance of System Components

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2384-2386
description: The problematics of thin film PV modules’ degradation connected with transformerless inverters
operation is relatively well known. But, there exists also the problem connected with immediate power loss, caused
also by high-frequency currents, which can occur when the used inverter doesn’t have sufficient filter. In the case of
new installations, these problems are solved and no more occur, but there is a large couple of already existing PV
systems, where changing of all inverters is not cost effective or worse, restricted by law (loss of license and
advantageous feed-in tariff). Such problems can be partially solved using additional filter with suitable characteristic.
In this paper, the description and verification of such a filter is presented.
Active Power Control in PV Systems Using a Curve Fitting Algorithm Based on the Single-Diode Model
Creators: name: Batzelis, E.
name: Sofianopoulos, T.
name: Papathanassiou, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Balance of System Components

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2402-2407
description: In order for a PV system to offer ancillary services to the grid, it should be capable of maintaining active
power reserves and controlling its output power. In this paper, such a power regulation technique is proposed, which is
based on an improved algorithm to estimate the maximum available power when operating suboptimally. The method
introduced employs the fundamental equation of the single-diode PV model and applies linear least squares curve fitting
to provide the model parameters in an analytical and computationally efficient way. The effectiveness of the control
strategy is validated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink, recording the system’s response in
irradiance/temperature variations and reserve command step changes, in both noiseless and noisy environment. Results
show excellent dynamic response and increased accuracy and reliability compared to previous approaches.
Low-Cost DC Charge Controller with High Transfer Ratio
Creators: name: Kloenne, A.
name: Bulach, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Balance of System Components

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2398-2401
description: These days most challenging point in PV home systems with storage capability is to cut down overall
costs and to enlarge the percentage of self-consumption. A cost-effective solution therefore is to integrate small
battery storage to the dc link of the common PV inverter. The DC charge controller enables bidirectional power flow
between the low battery voltage and the high PV inverter dc link voltage. This paper describes a bidirectional DC
charge controller with tapped inductor buck-boost topology as low-cost solution. This bidirectional inverter operates
in a wide input/output voltage transfer ratio as it is given between the high PV inverter DC link voltage and the low
battery voltage. Its low hardware costs and its simplicity together with reasonable efficiency make this concept
advantageous. Experimental results show good performance at high transfer ratio.
Innovative Gathering and Energy Management System Integrated within PV Module
Creators: name: Grzesiak, W.
name: Mackow, P.
name: Maj, T.
name: Polak, A.
name: Klugmann-Radziemska, E.
name: Zawora, S.
name: Drabczyk, K.
name: Gulkowski, S.
name: Grzesiak, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Balance of System Components

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2412-2415
description: The dynamic development of battery technology and design based on the flow of lithium ions, mainly
driven by the needs of the automotive industry leads to the Conclusion That they are becoming a more viable
alternative to traditional lead-acid batteries. Their use is driven by the ability it quickly charge and discharge times
higher durability, maintenance-free operation and much smaller dimensions as well as weight. The emergence of
super-thin (7.25 mm) - 20 Ah LiFePO4 commercial lithium battery technology Became an inspiration for the Design
and Implementation of a prototype of portable photovoltaic module That is integrated with the battery and an
innovative system for gathering and power management. Its exterior dimensions do not Exceed the dimensions of the
module. This paper presents a block diagram of a prototype and discusses issues related to the selection of
components, design and implementation directory of individual blocks. Especially it considers an innovative system
quickly and accurately That supports the elevation and declination angle of the module and the system for monitoring
the state of battery charge and discharge. Basic technical parameteres are described, as well as The Possibility of
scaling up the system. Mechanical construction details and the concept of research stations and its Obtained results
were presented during the research. An analysis of the application areas and economic Aspects of the solution were
also taken unde r consideration.
Low-Cost-Outdoor-EL: Cost-Efficient Extensive On-Site Quality Analysis of Solar Modules
Creators: name: Mertens, K.
name: Kösters, H.
name: Diehl, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2300-2302
description: Electroluminescence pictures (EL pictures) of solar modules are a powerful tool for quality analysis
as micro cracks, faulty cell connectors, PID effects etc. can be detected clearly. We show that cheap DSLR
cameras can be used to take these pictures on-site. This Low-Cost-Outdoor-EL method has the ability to become the
new standard measurement technique beside thermography to detect faults in installed PV plants.
Presentazione del progetto di ricerca 'Hostium Rabies Diruit'
Creators: name: Bordignon, Giulia; Calandra Di Roccolino, Giacomo; Pedersoli, Alessandra
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2008
Subjects: Monuments
Restoration
Italy
Heritage
War

description: he research topic "Hostium rabies diruit" is a research theme born in the seminary and collective study work carried on since 2005 by the Centro studi Architettura Civiltà Tradizione del Classico of the University IUAV in Venice. The subjects investigated are the destructions of Italian monuments during the Second World war; the acknowledgement and quantification of damages endured by architectural and artistic Italian heritage; the resonance that destructions produced in social memory; the debate on protection of monuments during the war, and on restorations and reconstructions of bombed monuments. These subjects are still very little inquired, and they are worth to be considered under a more general point of view, that investigates every single event in a more organic map of Italian territory. From this issue "Engramma" introduces essays, pictures, documents and critical contribution regarding the destruction in WWII and post-war reconstruction of Italian cultural heritage, beginning with the exemplary case of Rimini.


keywords | Hostium rabies diruit; Centro studi ClassicA; IUAV; Second World War; Italian monuments; Restoration; Italy; Cultural heritage.
Installation and Evaluation of a Li-Ion Battery Demonstrator for PV Power Plants
Creators: name: Padros, A.
name: Guelbenzu Michelena, E.
name: González Muñoz, A.
name: De La Parra, I.
name: Marcos, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2303-2306
description: Short-term variability in the power generated by large grid-connected PV plants can negatively affect
power quality and the network reliability. New grid-codes require combining the PV generator with some form of
energy storage technology in order to reduce short-term PV power fluctuation. Herein, the modifications, both in
hardware and communication protocols, required to adapt an already existing PV plant for the installation of a 100
kW/56 kWh Lithium-¬ion battery are shown. This work contains, as well, the changes carried out in the SCADA
system in order to control de energy storage system and the validation of four different strategies designed to control
short-term PV power fluctuations.
Bottom-Up Discrete Symmetries for Cabibbo Mixing
Creators: name: Varzielas, Ivo de Medeiros
name: Rasmussen, Rasmus W.
name: Talbert, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a bottom-up search for discrete non-Abelian symmetries capable of quantizing the Cabibbo angle that parameterizes CKM mixing. Given a particular Abelian symmetry structure in the up and down sectors, we construct representations of the associated residual generators which explicitly depend on the degrees of freedom present in our effective mixing matrix. We then discretize those degrees of freedom and utilize the Groups, Algorithms, Programming (GAP) package to close the associated finite groups. This short study is performed in the context of recent results indicating that, without resorting to special model-dependent corrections, no small-order finite group can simultaneously predict all four parameters of the three-generation CKM matrix and that only groups of $\mathcal{O}(10^{2})$ can predict the analogous parameters of the leptonic PMNS matrix, regardless of whether neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. Therefore a natural model of flavour might instead incorporate small(er) finite groups whose predictions for fermionic mixing are corrected via other mechanisms.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures. v2: minor changes, references added, accepted by IJMPA
Mapping color fluctuations in the photon in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Alvioli, M.
name: Frankfurt, L.
name: Guzey, V.
name: Strikman, M.
name: Zhalov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model effects of color fluctuations (CFs) in the light-cone photon wave function and for the first time make predictions for the distribution over the number of wounded nucleons $ν$ in the inelastic photon-nucleus scattering. We show that CFs lead to a dramatic enhancement of this distribution at $ν=1$ and large $ν> 10$. We also study the implications of different scales and CFs in the photon wave function on the total transverse energy $ΣE_T$ and other observables in inelastic $γA$ scattering with different triggers. Our predictions can be tested in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC and will help to map CFs, whose first indications have already been observed at the LHC.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Matches the final published version
Assessment of the Longest Operating Photovoltaic Power Station in the Czech Republic
Creators: name: Vanek, J.
name: Hylsky, J.
name: Strachala, D.
name: Šimonová, L.
name: Chobola, Z.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2249-2252
description: In the presented work we introduce a detailed description of the photovoltaic power station working in
GRID - ON mode installed by EZ Company in Dukovany. The photovoltaic power plant was built as the first one in
the Czech Republic. After seventeen years in service is an appropriate candidate for an analysis of defects occurred
by aging and environmental influences. The aim of the submitted work is in terms of degradation of the photovoltaic
modules and photovoltaic cells caused especially by aging and also in its possible future prevention of the most
commonly defects that reduce the long-term performance of the PV power plants. Based on the obtained data were
determined the functionality and efficiency of the photovoltaic plant during its lifetime. The measurements and
subsequent comparison of the basic parameters with the parameters set by the manufacturer have shown information
about the influence of aging of photovoltaic cells. Identified defects can be useful in follow-up work for a design of
solar power plants with a requirement of the lowest decline in performance throughout the years of service.
Decoupling and tuning competing effects of different types of defects on flux creep in irradiated YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$ coated conductors
Creators: name: Eley, S.
name: Leroux, M.
name: Rupich, M. W.
name: Miller, D. J.
name: Sheng, H.
name: Niraula, P. M.
name: Kayani, A.
name: Welp, U.
name: Kwok, W. -K.
name: Civale, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$ coated conductors (CCs) have achieved high critical current densities ($\textit{J}_{c}$) that can be further increased through the introduction of additional defects using particle irradiation. However, these gains are accompanied by increases in the flux creep rate, a manifestation of competition between the different types of defects. Here, we study this competition to better understand how to design pinning landscapes that simultaneously increase $\textit{J}_{c}$ and reduce creep. CCs grown by metal organic deposition show non-monotonic changes in the temperature-dependent creep rate, $\textit{S}(\textit{T})$. Notably, in low fields, there is a conspicuous dip to low $\textit{S}$ as temperature ($\textit{T}$) increases from ~20 K to ~65 K. Oxygen-, proton-, and Au-irradiation substantially increase $\textit{S}$ in this temperature range. Focusing on an oxygen-irradiated CC, we investigate the contribution of different types of irradiation-induced defects to the flux creep rate. Specifically, we study $\textit{S}(\textit{T})$ as we tune the relative density of point defects to larger defects by annealing both an as-grown and an irradiated CC in O$_{2}$ at temperatures $\textit{T}_{A}$ = 250$°$C to 600$°$C. We observe a steady decrease in $\textit{S}$($\textit{T}$ > 20 K) with increasing $\textit{T}_{A}$, unveiling the role of pre-existing nanoparticle precipitates in creating the dip in $\textit{S}(\textit{T})$ and point defects and clusters in increasing $\textit{S}$ at intermediate temperatures.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
Evaluation of I–V Characteristics of Photovoltaic Module String in the First Quadrant and the Fourth Quadrant
Creators: name: Hirata, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2261-2264
description: As a technique of maintaining and checking the solar photovoltaic power system, it is general that the amount of system power
output is simulated from various weather conditions and the method for comparing it with an actual amount of PV power output. In
that case, the check starts at field site afterwards when the actual measurement value of the amount of power output has decreased
than the simurated value to some degree. Author proposed the advanced approach that measures the I-V curve to evaluate the I-V
characteristic of the photovoltaic modules more accurately from 1st quadrant to 4th quadrant. The current flows from photovoltaic
modules in the 1st quadrant and flows to PV in the 4th quadrant. This method has an advantage that I-V characteristic is evaluated
more accurately because the data range of I-V curve increases1). In the present study, the effect was investigated how the I-V
characteristic causes difference that the module was connected in the series, and the deteriorated module is contained with the string.
The more accurate evaluation proved by measuring the I-V curve of each string to confirm accuracy by this advanced measurement
method.
Duosensor zur simultanen Erfassung der akralen Wiedererwärmung und Wiederdurchblutung
Creators: name: Scheiner, M.
name: Schuster, F.
name: Hochmuth, Olaf
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Erwärmung
subject: Durchblutung
subject: berührungslose Messung
subject: warming
subject: blood flow
subject: touchless measurement
subject: 004 Informatik

description: Mit dem Duosensor steht ein Meßgerät zur gleichzeitigen, berührungslosen Erfassung von Temperatur und Durchblutungszustand der Haut zur Verfügung. Die Messungen sind komfortabel durchführbar und gut reproduzierbar, da das Meßregime vom Mikrocontroller objektiviert wird. Eine Erweiterung des Einsatzgebietes ist auf Meßverfahren denkbar, bei denen Wert auf eine nahezu rückwirkungsfreie Simultanmessung gelegt wird.