cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Low temperature heat capacity of Fe_{1-x}Ga_{x} alloys with large magneostriction
Creators: name: Hill, J. M.
name: McQueeney, R. J.
name: Wu, Ruqian
name: Dennis, K.
name: McCallum, R. W.
name: Huang, M.
name: Lograsso, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low temperature heat capacity C_{p} of Fe_{1-x}Ga_{x} alloys with large magnetostriction has been investigated. The data were analyzed in the standard way using electron ($γT$) and phonon ($βT^{3}$) contributions. The Debye temperature $Θ_{D}$ decreases approximately linearly with increasing Ga concentration, consistent with previous resonant ultrasound measurements and measured phonon dispersion curves. Calculations of $Θ_{D}$ from lattice dynamical models and from measured elastic constants C_{11}, C_{12} and C_{44} are in agreement with the measured data. The linear coefficient of electronic specific heat $γ$ remains relatively constant as the Ga concentration increases, despite the fact that the magnetoelastic coupling increases. Band structure calculations show that this is due to the compensation of majority and minority spin states at the Fermi level.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Innovative Measurement methods for Homeland Security applications
Creators: name: Ascione, Marcello
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2013

description: This work deals with the implementation of a suitable technological support to improve the success likelihood of Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) missions. Here we introduce a new architectural solution to detect and track humans beyond walls for homeland protection applications. Two different measurement methods have been developed, the first one for detection and tracking of moving targets in two-dimensional scenes exploiting an advanced imaging technique, which takes advantages from a regularized linear inversion scheme. The second method has been developed for life signs detection and it takes advantage from a suitable spatial smoothing strategy applied to the traditional algorithm for Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), mandated to single out the spectral components of the received signal.
Brownian motion of a charged test particle driven by vacuum fluctuations near a dielectric half-space
Creators: name: Yu, Hongwei
name: Fu, Xiangyun
name: Wu, Puxun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Brownian motion of a charged test particle driven by quantum electromagnetic fluctuations in the vacuum region near a non-dispersive and non-absorbing dielectric half-space and calculate the mean squared fluctuations in the velocity of the test particle. Our results show that a nonzero susceptibility of the dielectrics has its imprints on the velocity dispersions of the test particles. The most noteworthy feature in sharp contrast to the case of an idealized perfectly conducting interface is that the velocity dispersions in the parallel directions are no longer negative and does not die off in time, suggesting that the potentially problematic negativeness of the dispersions in those directions in the case of perfect conductors is just a result of our idealization and does not occur for real material boundaries.
description: 9 pages, no figures, Revtex4
D4.1 - Formative Evaluation methodology
Creators: name: Sangiuliano, Maria
name: Cescon, Marzia
name: Palmén, Rachel
name: Muller, Jörg
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Evaluation
Monitoring
Gender Equality Plans
Actions

description: The present document, elaborated in collaboration with the experts of FUOC  (Foundation Open University of Catalonia), results from work carried out under T4.1 Evaluation methodology. As such, it comprises two broad sections which correspond to the methodology for the “formative evaluation” and the “summative evaluation”.
Embodying Pre-Trained Word Embeddings Through Robot Actions
Creators: name: Toyoda, Minori
name: Suzuki, Kanata
name: Mori, Hiroki
name: Hayashi, Yoshihiko
name: Ogata, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a promising neural network model with which to acquire a grounded representation of robot actions and the linguistic descriptions thereof. Properly responding to various linguistic expressions, including polysemous words, is an important ability for robots that interact with people via linguistic dialogue. Previous studies have shown that robots can use words that are not included in the action-description paired datasets by using pre-trained word embeddings. However, the word embeddings trained under the distributional hypothesis are not grounded, as they are derived purely from a text corpus. In this letter, we transform the pre-trained word embeddings to embodied ones by using the robot's sensory-motor experiences. We extend a bidirectional translation model for actions and descriptions by incorporating non-linear layers that retrofit the word embeddings. By training the retrofit layer and the bidirectional translation model alternately, our proposed model is able to transform the pre-trained word embeddings to adapt to a paired action-description dataset. Our results demonstrate that the embeddings of synonyms form a semantic cluster by reflecting the experiences (actions and environments) of a robot. These embeddings allow the robot to properly generate actions from unseen words that are not paired with actions in a dataset.
description: To appear in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L) and IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2021)
Messa  a punto di un metodo di Real time PCR
per la diagnosi di Brucellosi in embrioni prodotti
da ovaie di bufali naturalmente infetti.
Creators: name: Del Pizzo, Carlo Maria
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2013

description: L’obiettivo di questa tesi  è  quello di attuare un metodo di controllo molecolare (QPCR) della sanità delle ovaie provenienti da animali infetti per brucellosi, allo scopo di utilizzare, per l’ inseminazione artificiale, gli oociti da essi derivanti.
Questo consentirebbe l’ impiego e la salvaguardia di oociti di animali di alto valore genetico destinati alla macellazione in quanto brucellotici.
Effects of environmental and exciton screening in single-walled carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Adamyan, Vadym M.
name: Smyrnov, Oleksii A.
name: Tishchenko, Sergey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground-state exciton binding energy for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in vacuum calculated ignoring the screening of Coulomb interaction appears to be much greater than the corresponding band gap. The most essential contributions to the screening of electron-hole (e-h) interaction potential in semiconducting SWCNTs, which return the ground-state exciton binding energy into the energy gap, are considered. Our estimates on the screening effects and exciton binding energies are in satisfactory agreement with the corresponding experimental data for concrete nanotubes.
description: 4 pages
Conformational statistics of non-equilibrium polymer loops in Rouse model with active loop extrusion
Creators: name: Starkov, Dmitry
name: Parfenyev, Vladimir
name: Belan, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent experimental observations of the DNA loop extrusion by protein motors, in this paper we investigate the statistical properties of the growing polymer loops within the ideal chain model. The loop conformation is characterized statistically by the mean gyration radius and the pairwise contact probabilities. It turns out that a single dimensionless parameter, which is given by the ratio of the loop relaxation time over the time elapsed since the start of extrusion, controls the crossover between near-equilibrium and highly non-equilibrium asymptotics in statistics of the extruded loop. Besides, we show that two-sided and one-sided loop extruding motors produce the loops with almost identical properties. Our predictions are based on two rigorous semi-analytical methods accompanied by asymptotic analysis of slow and fast extrusion limits.
The Impact of a Response: inner and outer perceptions of police misconduct from law enforcement and black students at an elite university
Creators: name: Theodore, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2021

description: Police misconduct is a source of great scholarship in these modern times. Due to what is seen on television and personal emotions, a decision was made to pursue a project to take the perspectives of black students from an elite university and police officers from a large, midwestern city. Gaining the perspectives of black students and police officers about controversial cases of police misconduct and the interconnected parts of this issue became the overall objective of this paper. The materials used for this paper will be Zoom and Otter.ai software. All research methodologies are qualitative. A total of fourteen persons were interviewed for this paper; three of these individuals are either police officers or former police officers. The interviews were semi-structured, and the participants were told that the interviews would last between 30 and 40 minutes in duration. In this paper, most of the opinions were the same, but there were differing opinions in the messaging of radical movements and a specific legal doctrine. For that reason, sentiments of hope became the common feeling or experience after the interviews.
Superflexible Hydropower for the Nordic Grid (Slides)
Creators: Thomas Øyvang
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Presents the concept of a super-flexible hydropower plant as a vital enabler accelerating the energy transition. In addressing future needs, the classical hydrogenator should be revitalized with a new advanced control design with digital/physical sensors and digital twin, enabling a multi-service device where short-term power capabilities and other assisting services can be supplied simultaneously.
In this context, we project bulk hydropower facilities to be a key player in the future power system's modernization and digitalization.
New hydropower requirements, services, and operational regimes are emerging. Currently, there is a need to implement digital technologies for additional real-time control functionalities to make the hydropower generators smarter in operation. These solutions could dynamically allow enhanced utilization of the inherent characteristics of hydropower facilities. From following this webinar, the participants should be able to understand the inherent capabilities and vital role hydropower will play in the future power system.
Presents the concept of a super-flexible hydropower plant as a vital enabler accelerating the energy transition. In addressing future needs, the classical hydrogenator should be revitalized with a new advanced control design with digital/physical sensors and digital twin, enabling a multi-service device where short-term power capabilities and other assisting services can be supplied simultaneously.

In this context, we project bulk hydropower facilities to be a key player in the future power system's modernization and digitalization.

New hydropower requirements, services, and operational regimes are emerging. Currently, there is a need to implement digital technologies for additional real-time control functionalities to make the hydropower generators smarter in operation. These solutions could dynamically allow enhanced utilization of the inherent characteristics of hydropower facilities. From following this webinar, the participants should be able to understand the inherent capabilities and vital role hydropower will play in the future power system.
Proof of the Double Bubble Conjecture in R^n
Creators: name: Reichardt, Ben W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10

description: The least-area hypersurface enclosing and separating two given volumes in R^n is the standard double bubble.
description: 20 pages, 22 figures
Modelling spatial processes of infectious diseases
Creators: name: Chirombo, James
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2018

description: Human movement plays a key role in the spread of infectious diseases,
      leading to spatial heterogeneities in disease transmission. An
      understanding of the causes of these heterogeneities is important in the
      design, application, and evaluation of public health interventions. In
      this thesis, we developed a range of statistical models to elucidate
      spatial dependencies of infection patterns in different populations, and
      embed existing mobility models within a principled statistical framework.
      We applied a spatio-temporal generalized linear mixed model to include
      both climate and non-climate effects on malaria incidence in Malawi while
      implicitly accounting for spatial dependency and the role of human
      movement. We further developed methods for real-time assessment of an
      epidemic by adding spatial information in the calculation of reproductive
      numbers to account for spatial heterogeneities. A detailed review of
      mobility models and their use in infectious disease modelling was
      performed to identify current gaps and opportunities in the field.
      Finally, a model describing the rate at which human social contact is made
      in different locations was developed to identify individual-level
      differences in mobility. The implications for understanding epidemic
      process and informing control are discussed. With increasing availability
      of fine-scale mobility data, studying and understanding mobility patterns
      and their relationship with infectious disease spread will play a key role
      in developing efficient surveillance and control of emerging and
      re-emerging diseases.
Notes on Narrative as Medium and a Media Ecology Approach to the Study of Storytelling
Creators: name: Strate, Lance
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Cagliari
Year: 2014

description: Storytelling, as a distinctively human characteristic, is a product of our capacity for language and symbolic communication. Just as language is considered a medium within the field of media ecology, so too can narrative be understood as a medium of communication, as well as a kind of language, and as a fundamentally social phenomenon. As a medium, narrative interacts with and is modified by other media, undergoing significant change as it is expressed through oral tradition, dramatic performance, written documents, and audiovisual media. In particular, major changes in the nature of character and plot accompany the shift from orality to literacy, and writing and especially printing make possible new forms of tragedy as opposed to comedy, prose as opposed to poetry, and fiction as opposed to nonfiction. Storytelling continues to mutate through the introduction of new media, with increasingly greater emphasis on narrative as an environment, especially one associated with social interaction and gaming.
description: Between, Vol 4, N° 8 (2014): Tecnologia, immaginazione, forme del narrare
Fragility to quantum fluctuations of classical Hamiltonian period doubling
Creators: name: Khasseh, Reyhaneh
name: Russomanno, Angelo
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We add quantum fluctuations to a classical period-doubling Hamiltonian time crystal, replacing the $N$ classical interacting angular momenta with quantum spins of size $l$. The full permutation symmetry of the Hamiltonian allows a mapping to a bosonic model and the application of exact diagonalization for quite large system size. In the thermodynamic limit $N\to\infty$ the model is described by a system of Gross-Pitaevskii equations whose classical-chaos properties closely mirror the finite-$N$ quantum chaos. For $N\to\infty$, and $l$ finite, Rabi oscillations mark the absence of persistent period doubling, which is recovered for $l\to\infty$ with Rabi-oscillation frequency tending exponentially to 0. For the chosen initial conditions, we can represent this model in terms of Pauli matrices and apply the discrete truncated Wigner approximation. For finite $l$ this approximation reproduces no Rabi oscillations but correctly predicts the absence of period doubling. Our results show the instability of time-translation symmetry breaking in this classical system even to the smallest quantum fluctuations, because of tunneling effects.
description: 15 pages and 9 figures
Cybersecurity Awareness
Creators: name: Nurse, Jason R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cybersecurity awareness can be viewed as the level of appreciation, understanding or knowledge of cybersecurity or information security aspects. Such aspects include cognizance of cyber risks and threats, but also appropriate protection measures.
La crise de la COVID-19 et les finances publiques dans un contexte canadien. Revue ECU/EURO, N°55 (2020)
Creators: name: Godbout, Luc
Publisher: name: RESuME
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canada
subject: Canada
subject: COVID-19
subject: Public policies
subject: Politiques publiques
subject: Emergency social benefits
subject: Prestations d'urgence
subject: wage subsidy
subject: subvention salariale
subject: Public finances
subject: Finances publiques
subject: Public Deficit
subject: Déficit public
subject: Public Debt
subject: Dette publique

description: Devant l’ampleur de la crise de la COVID-19, les gouvernements canadien et québécois ne sont pas restés les bras croisés. Presque chaque jour ou semaine, de la mi-mars à la fin juin 2020, ils ont annoncé des mesures de soutien ayant des impacts économiques importants. L’analyse s’intéresse aux réponses des administrations publiques canadienne et québécoise. Elle présente en premier lieu la réaction initiale, soit les annonces économiques gouvernementales visant à accroître les liquidités des individus et des entreprises, comme les reports de paiements d’impôts et taxes et les bonifications de programmes existants. Ensuite, l’analyse aborde l’élaboration et l’évolution de deux importants nouveaux programmes d’urgence mis en place par le gouvernement fédéral: la prestation canadienne d’urgence et la subvention salariale d’urgence du Canada. Pour terminer, l’analyse porte son regard sur les perspectives économiques et de finances publiques, notamment l’ampleur des déficits et les répercussions sur l’endettement.
Highly Efficient Knowledge Graph Embedding Learning with Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis
Creators: name: Peng, Xutan
name: Chen, Guanyi
name: Lin, Chenghua
name: Stevenson, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge Graph Embeddings (KGEs) have been intensively explored in recent years due to their promise for a wide range of applications. However, existing studies focus on improving the final model performance without acknowledging the computational cost of the proposed approaches, in terms of execution time and environmental impact. This paper proposes a simple yet effective KGE framework which can reduce the training time and carbon footprint by orders of magnitudes compared with state-of-the-art approaches, while producing competitive performance. We highlight three technical innovations: full batch learning via relational matrices, closed-form Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis for KGEs, and non-negative-sampling training. In addition, as the first KGE method whose entity embeddings also store full relation information, our trained models encode rich semantics and are highly interpretable. Comprehensive experiments and ablation studies involving 13 strong baselines and two standard datasets verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
description: To appear at NAACL 2021
Superradiant instability of the Kerr-like black hole in Einstein-bumblebee gravity
Creators: name: Jiang, Rui
name: Lin, Rui-Hui
name: Zhai, Xiang-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact Kerr-like solution has been obtained recently in Einstein-bumblebee gravity model where Lorentz symmetry is spontaneously broken. In this paper, we investigate the superradiant instability of the Kerr-like black hole under the perturbation of a massive scalar field. We find the Lorentz breaking parameter $L$ does not affect the superradiance regime or the regime of the bound states. However, since $L$ appears in the metric and its effect cannot be erased by redefining the rotation parameter $\tilde{a}=\sqrt{1+L}a$, it indeed affects the bound state spectrum and the superradiance. We calculate the bound state spectrum via the continued-fraction method and show the influence of $L$ on the maximum binding energy and the damping rate. The superradiant instability could occur since the superradiance condition and the bound state condition could be both satisfied. Compared with Kerr black hole, the nature of the superradiant instability of this black hole depends non-monotonously not only on the rotation parameter of the black hole $\tilde{a}$ and the product of the black hole mass $M$ and the field mass $μ$, but also on the Lorentz breaking parameter $L$. Through the Monte Carlo method, we find that for $l=m=1$ state the most unstable mode occurs at $L=-0.79637$, $\tilde{a}/M=0.99884$ and $Mμ=0.43920$, with the maximum growth rate of the field $ω_{I}M=1.676\times10^{-6}$, which is about 10 times of that in Kerr black hole.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Higgs mediated lepton flavor violating tau decays $τ\to μγ$ and $τ\to μγγ$ in effective theories
Creators: name: Aranda, J. I.
name: Ramírez--Zavaleta, F.
name: Toscano, J. J.
name: Tututi, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size of the branching ratios for the $τ\to μγ$ and $τ\to μγγ$ decays induced by a lepton flavor violating Higgs interaction $Hτμ$ is studied in the frame of effective field theories. The best constraint on the $Hτμ$ vertex, derived from the know measurement on the muon anomalous magnetic moment, is used to impose the upper bounds $Br(τ\to μγ)<2.5\times 10^{-10}$ and $Br(τ\to μγγ)<2.3\times 10^{-12}$, which are more stringent than current experimental limits on this class of transitions.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Editorial Acknowledgment
Creators: name: Bosch, Nigel
name: Feng, Mingyu
name: Käser, Tanja
name: Merceron, Agathe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This issue features two regular articles and one article that is an extended version of a paper presented at the 16th  International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) that took place in Bengaluru, India, July 11-14 2024, and published in the conference’s proceedings.
title: Tasting the cosmological rift
title: alternative food networks in China’s ecological civilization
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Martindale, Leigh
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019
Subjects: China
Ecological Civilization
Alternative Food Networks
Pragmatism
Cosmopolitanism

description: The current literature on Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) is split
      between two camps regarding their potential to transform the food system:
      the ‘progressives’ and the ‘radicals’, or ‘optimists’ and ‘pessimists’.
      Likewise, China’s concept of Ecological Civilization has prompted a
      polarised debate, with scholars arguing Ecological Civilization is either
      an authentic ecological ethos or a form of greenwashing. Exploring AFNs in
      China, this PhD suggest that these differing camps regarding AFNs overlap
      more than previously supposed and that the current debate regarding
      Ecological Civilization is the wrong debate to be having. By intertwining
      AFNs and Ecological Civilization, this thesis argues that the pragmatic
      approach Chinese AFN actors adopt in response to three core tensions of
      AFNs, reveals how radical change does not necessarily require a radical
      form of politics. It is this pragmatic approach that allows China to begin
      navigating the emerging cosmological rift of our times, namely that
      between human development (i.e. global capitalism) and the immovable
      ecological limits of this development.

      Based on qualitative fieldwork of Chinese AFNs (Guangdong), this thesis
      suggests that Ecological Civilization, as a pragmatic approach, can be
      characterised in three different ways. First, through the expectations
      participants have of the material (sensory and aesthetic) qualities of an
      Ecological Civilization. Second, through Chinese middle class
      subjectivities, which are both pragmatic and idealistic in form. Third,
      through forms of (rural) cosmopolitanism, which suggest that Ecological
      Civilization has the capacity to ‘ruralise’ global capitalism as a
      distinctive Chinese form of ‘cosmopolitanization’. Together, these three
      insights indicate that AFNs have a transformative potential despite their
      internal tensions, and that Ecological Civilization is a productive and
      mobilising concept, not just an ambiguous slogan of an authoritarian
      government.
Deep learning for surrogate modelling of 2D mantle convection
Creators: name: Agarwal, Siddhant
name: Tosi, Nicola
name: Kessel, Pan
name: Breuer, Doris
name: Montavon, Grégoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditionally, 1D models based on scaling laws have been used to parameterized convective heat transfer rocks in the interior of terrestrial planets like Earth, Mars, Mercury and Venus to tackle the computational bottleneck of high-fidelity forward runs in 2D or 3D. However, these are limited in the amount of physics they can model (e.g. depth dependent material properties) and predict only mean quantities such as the mean mantle temperature. We recently showed that feedforward neural networks (FNN) trained using a large number of 2D simulations can overcome this limitation and reliably predict the evolution of entire 1D laterally-averaged temperature profile in time for complex models. We now extend that approach to predict the full 2D temperature field, which contains more information in the form of convection structures such as hot plumes and cold downwellings. Using a dataset of 10,525 two-dimensional simulations of the thermal evolution of the mantle of a Mars-like planet, we show that deep learning techniques can produce reliable parameterized surrogates (i.e. surrogates that predict state variables such as temperature based only on parameters) of the underlying partial differential equations. We first use convolutional autoencoders to compress the temperature fields by a factor of 142 and then use FNN and long-short term memory networks (LSTM) to predict the compressed fields. On average, the FNN predictions are 99.30% and the LSTM predictions are 99.22% accurate with respect to unseen simulations. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the LSTM and FNN predictions shows that despite a lower mean absolute relative accuracy, LSTMs capture the flow dynamics better than FNNs. When summed, the POD coefficients from FNN predictions and from LSTM predictions amount to 96.51% and 97.66% relative to the coefficients of the original simulations, respectively.
Energy-Efficient Broadband Silicon-Based Terahertz Circuits for Emerging Wireless Applications Slides
Creators: Wenhua Chen
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

Webinar Slides
Abstract: With the evolution of wireless communication and sensing, the spectrum resource above 100GHz has attracted much attention and extensive research. Owing to the advantages on integration level and low cost, and increasing cut-off frequency, silicon-based technology has strong potential in terahertz applications. However, due to the low voltage and high substrate loss, the performance of silicon-based circuits is limited. In this talk, we will address these challenges and overview the research progress in this field, and introduce our recent works including energy-efficient power amplifier and front-end circuits.
Training-induced criticality in martensites
Creators: name: Perez-Reche, Francisco-Jose
name: Truskinovsky, Lev
name: Zanzotto, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an explanation for the self-organization towards criticality observed in martensites during the cyclic process known as `training'. The scale-free behavior originates from the interplay between the reversible phase transformation and the concurrent activity of lattice defects. The basis of the model is a continuous dynamical system on a rugged energy landscape, which in the quasi-static limit reduces to a sandpile automaton. We reproduce all the principal observations in thermally driven martensites, including power-law statistics, hysteresis shakedown, asymmetric signal shapes, and correlated disorder.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Near-field thermal transport between twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Yang, Fuwei
name: Song, Bai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active control of heat flow is of both fundamental and applied interest in thermal management and energy conversion. Here, we present a fluctuational electrodynamic study of thermal radiation between twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG), motivated by its unusual and highly tunable plasmonic properties. We show that near-field heat flow can vary by more than 10-fold over only a few degrees of twist, and identify special angles leading to heat flow extrema. These special angles are dictated by the Drude weight in the intraband optical conductivity of TBLG, and are roughly linear with the chemical potential. Further, we observe multiband thermal transport due to the increasing role of interband transitions as the twist angle decreases, in analogy to monolayer graphene in a magnetic field. Our findings are understood via the surface plasmons in TBLG, and highlight its potential for manipulating radiative heat flow.
Unidirectional guided resonances in anisotropic waveguides
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Samyobrata
name: Gomis-Bresco, Jordi
name: Artigas, David
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that anisotropic planar anti-guiding waveguide structures with two radiation channels towards the surrounding cladding materials can support unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs), where radiation is cancelled in one of the radiation channels and redirected into the other. Their formation is subtle as it requires breaking the so-called polar anisotropy-symmetry of the structures. Then, UGRs appear at specific wavelengths and light propagation directions, are robust, and are characterised by phase singularities in the channel in which radiation is cancelled. The mechanism we describe allows for ready selection of the radiation direction, as well as tuning of the wavelength and the propagation angle at which UGRs occur.
Behind-The-Meter Distributed Energy Resources: Estimation, Uncertainty Quantification, and Control
Creators: Ankur Srivastava
Antonio Gomez Exposito
Anamika Dubey
Anuradha Annaswamy
Alexandros Paspatis
Alex McEachern
Arun Sukumaran Nair
Anurag Srivastava
Bharathwajanprabu Ravisankar
Bang Nguyen
Bolun Xu
Bin Liu
Bo Wang
Charalambos Konstantinou
Chuan Qin
Danny Espín-Sarzosa
Felipe Valencia
Fankun Bu
Gustavo Valverde
Ioannis Zografopoulos
Jawana Gabrielski
Javad Jazaeri
Luis Badesa
Mohammed Ben-Idris
Muthu Kumar Subramanian
Nanpeng Yu
Priyank Srivastava
Preetham Goli
Rabab Haider
Rodrigo Palma-Behnke
Rodrigo D. Trevizan
Soroush Vahedi
Seyed Masoud Mohseni-Bonab
Shakil Hossan
Surendra Bajagain
S M Shafiul Alam
Song Zhang
Sara Eftekharnejad
Sukumar Brahma
Wenyu Wang
Yishen Wang
Yuri Rodrigues
Zhaoyu Wang
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

This report aims to 1) identify and define different types of flexibility services from Behind-the-Meter (BTM) Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and loads, 2) identify the benefits of BTM DERs and "load flexibility" for power system security, reliability, and resilience, 3) review and explore state-of-the-art approaches for DERs and load flexibility estimation, uncertainty quantification (UQ), and control, 4) present potential market structure for BTM-DERs, including market design, emerging market models, implementation challenges and opportunities and 5) provide future needs and recommendations for harnessing the flexibility from BTM DERs and loads from algorithms and analytics, computational, market design, cyber infrastructure and security as well as hardware and software development.

This report aims to

1) identify and define different types of flexibility services from Behind-the-Meter (BTM) Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and loads,

2) identify the benefits of BTM DERs and "load flexibility" for power system security, reliability, and resilience,

3) review and explore state-of-the-art approaches for DERs and load flexibility estimation, uncertainty quantification (UQ), and control,

4) present potential market structure for BTM-DERs, including market design, emerging market models, implementation challenges and opportunities and

5) provide future needs and recommendations for harnessing the flexibility from BTM DERs and loads from algorithms and analytics, computational, market design, cyber infrastructure and security as well as hardware and software development.
Machine learning for predicting the Bz magnetic field component from upstream in situ observations of solar coronal mass ejections
Creators: name: Reiss, Martin A.
name: Möstl, Christian
name: Bailey, Rachel L.
name: Rüdisser, Hannah T.
name: Amerstorfer, Ute V.
name: Amerstorfer, Tanja
name: Weiss, Andreas J.
name: Hinterreiter, Jürgen
name: Windisch, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predicting the Bz magnetic field embedded within ICMEs, also known as the Bz problem, is a key challenge in space weather forecasting. We study the hypothesis that upstream in situ measurements of the sheath region and the first few hours of the magnetic obstacle provide sufficient information for predicting the downstream Bz component. To do so, we develop a predictive tool based on machine learning that is trained and tested on 348 ICMEs from Wind, STEREO-A, and STEREO-B measurements. We train the machine learning models to predict the minimum value of the Bz component and the maximum value of the total magnetic field Bz in the magnetic obstacle. To validate the tool, we let the ICMEs sweep over the spacecraft and assess how continually feeding in situ measurements into the tool improves the Bz prediction. Because the application of the tool in operations needs an automated detection of ICMEs, we implement an existing automated ICME detection algorithm and test its robustness for the time intervals under scrutiny. We find that the predictive tool can predict the minimum value of the Bz component in the magnetic obstacle with a mean absolute error of 3.12 nT and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 when the sheath region and the first 4 hours of the magnetic obstacle are observed. While the underlying hypothesis is unlikely to solve the Bz problem, the tool shows promise for ICMEs that have a recognizable magnetic flux rope signature. Transitioning the tool to operations could lead to improved space weather forecasting.
Localized Superconductivity in the Quantum-Critical Region of the Disorder-Driven Superconductor-Insulator Transition in TiN Thin Films
Creators: name: Baturina, T. I.
name: Mironov, A. Yu.
name: Vinokur, V. M.
name: Baklanov, M. R.
name: Strunk, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate low-temperature transport properties of thin TiN superconducting films in the vicinity of the disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition. In a zero magnetic field, we find an extremely sharp separation between superconducting and insulating phases, evidencing a direct superconductor-insulator transition without an intermediate metallic phase. At moderate temperatures, in the insulating films we reveal thermally activated conductivity with the magnetic field-dependent activation energy. At very low temperatures, we observe a zero-conductivity state, which is destroyed at some depinning threshold voltage V_T. These findings indicate formation of a distinct collective state of the localized Cooper pairs in the critical region at both sides of the transition.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, published version
Evolution of the atomic component in protostellar outflows
Creators: name: Sperling, T.
name: Eislöffel, J.
name: Nisini, B.
name: Giannini, T.
name: Fischer, C.
name: Krabbe, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of three Class 0 and one Class I outflows (Cep E, HH 1, HH 212, and L1551 IRS5) in the far-infrared [O I]63mum and [O I]145mum transitions. Spectroscopic [O I]63mum maps enabled us to infer the spatial extent of warm, low-excitation atomic gas within these protostellar outflows. If proper shock conditions prevail, the instantaneous mass-ejection rate is directly connected to the [O I]63mum luminosity. In order to unravel evolutionary trends, we analysed a set of 14 Class 0/I outflow sources that were spatially resolved in the [O I]63mum emission. We compared these data with a sample of 72 Class 0/I/II outflow sources that have been observed with Herschel (WISH, DIGIT, WILL, GASPS surveys) without spatially resolving the [O I]63mum line.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Gaussian-State Theory of Two-Photon Imaging
Creators: name: Erkmen, Baris I.
name: Shapiro, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biphoton states of signal and idler fields--obtained from spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in the low-brightness, low-flux regime--have been utilized in several quantum imaging configurations to exceed the resolution performance of conventional imagers that employ coherent-state or thermal light. Recent work--using the full Gaussian-state description of SPDC--has shown that the same resolution performance seen in quantum optical coherence tomography and the same imaging characteristics found in quantum ghost imaging can be realized by classical-state imagers that make use of phase-sensitive cross correlations. This paper extends the Gaussian-state analysis to two additional biphoton-state quantum imaging scenarios: far field diffraction-pattern imaging; and broadband thin-lens imaging. It is shown that the spatial resolution behavior in both cases is controlled by the nonzero phase-sensitive cross correlation between the signal and idler fields. Thus, the same resolution can be achieved in these two configurations with classical-state signal and idler fields possessing a nonzero phase-sensitive cross correlation.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Coefficient of Restitution for Viscoelastic Spheres: The Effect of Delayed Recovery
Creators: name: Schwager, Thomas
name: Poeschel, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coefficient of normal restitution of colliding viscoelastic spheres is computed as a function of the material properties and the impact velocity. From simple arguments it becomes clear that in a collision of purely repulsively interacting particles, the particles loose contact slightly before the distance of the centers of the spheres reaches the sum of the radii, that is, the particles recover their shape only after they lose contact with their collision partner. This effect was neglected in earlier calculations which leads erroneously to attractive forces and, thus, to an underestimation of the coefficient of restitution. As a result we find a novel dependence of the coefficient of restitution on the impact rate.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Josephson-based scheme for the detection of microwave photons
Creators: name: Guarcello, Claudio
name: Komnang, Alex Stephane Piedjou
name: Barone, Carlo
name: Rettaroli, Alessio
name: Gatti, Claudio
name: Pagano, Sergio
name: Filatrella, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for the detection of microwave induced photons through current-biased Josephson junction, from the point of view of the statistical decision theory. Our analysis is based on the numerical study of the zero voltage lifetime distribution in response to a periodic train of pulses, that mimics the absorption of photons. The statistical properties of the detection are retrieved comparing the thermally induced transitions with the distribution of the switchings to the finite voltage state due to the joint action of thermal noise and of the incident pulses. The capability to discriminate the photon arrival can be quantified through the Kumar-Caroll index, which is a good indicator of the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio. The index can be exploited to identify the system parameters best suited for the detection of weak microwave photons.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
RAQAMLI TA'LIM TEXNOLOGIYALARI ASOSIDA MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARNING NUTQINI O'STIRISH METODIKASINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Creators: name: Komilova, Shahnozabonu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: tezisda maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar nutqini rivojlantirishda raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish muammosi ko'rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, raqamli texnologiyalar tushunchasini ochib beriladi, ularning tuzilishini tavsiflaydi. Tajriba shuni ko'rsatadiki, maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar guruhlarida raqamli texnologiyalardan foydalanish dasturini ishlab chiqish va kiritish ularning nutqini rivojlantirish darajasini oshiradi.
Constrained-aware Machine Learning (Slides)
Creators: Ferdinando Fioretto
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

This webinar will delve into the need for constraint-aware ML. We will present how to integrate key constrained optimization principles within the training process of deep learning models, endowing them with the capability of handling hard constraints and physical principles. The resulting models will bring a new level of accuracy and efficiency to hard decision tasks, which will be showcased on energy and scheduling problems. We will then introduce a powerful integration of constrained optimization as neural network layers, resulting in ML models that are able to enforce structure in the outputs of learned embeddings. This integration will provide ML models with enhanced expressiveness and modeling ability, which will be showcased through the certification fairness in learning to rank tasks and the assembly of high-quality ensemble models. Finally, we will discuss a number of grand challenges that I plan to address to develop a potentially transformative technology for both optimization and machine learning.
This webinar will delve into the need for constraint-aware ML. We will present how to integrate key constrained optimization principles within the training process of deep learning models, endowing them with the capability of handling hard constraints and physical principles. The resulting models will bring a new level of accuracy and efficiency to hard decision tasks, which will be showcased on energy and scheduling problems. We will then introduce a powerful integration of constrained optimization as neural network layers, resulting in ML models that are able to enforce structure in the outputs of learned embeddings. This integration will provide ML models with enhanced expressiveness and modeling ability, which will be showcased through the certification fairness in learning to rank tasks and the assembly of high-quality ensemble models. Finally, we will discuss a number of grand challenges that I plan to address to develop a potentially transformative technology for both optimization and machine learning.
Study of spin fluctuations in Ni3Al using point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Sourin
name: Dhar, Sudesh Kumar
name: Raychaudhuri, Pratap
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report point contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) spectroscopy studies on Ni3Al with composition range (24, 26 and 27 at. % of Al in the solid solution) spanning the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase boundary. PCAR studies performed using Nb tip as counter electrode reveal that the superconducting quasiparticle lifetime (\tao) and superconducting energy gap (δ) decreases with increasing spin fluctuation in the normal metal electrode. Our study reveals that PCAR could be a useful probe to study spin fluctuations in systems which are on the verge of a magnetic instability.
description: ps file with figures
High frequency asymptotics of global vibrations in a problem with concentrated mass
Creators: name: Babych, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34E20; 74K10; 34L20

description: We consider an elastic system containing a small region where the density is very much higher then elsewhere. Such system possesses two types of eigenvibrations, which are local and global vibrations. Complete asymptotic expansions of global eigenvibrations for ordinary differential operator of the fourth order are constructed using WKB--technique.
description: 9 pages; published in Ukrainian (1999)