cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Seismic Interferometry at the TIMO2-network, Germany
Creators: name: Stein, Felicitas
name: Groos, Jörn C.
name: Ritter, Joachim R. R.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012

description: Using seismic interferometry, we analyze the seismic noise wavefield around the city of Landau, Germany. The crosscorrelation functions (CCFs) are investigated with respect to signals which might contain information on the underground and its temporal variations. The used data set comes from the TIMO2-project (TIMO: Deep Structure of the Central Upper Rhine Graben). Since the summer of 2009, seismic stations have been installed especially to detect induced seismicity in the region of Landau. The obtained CCFs are dominated by signals with frequencies between 0.4 and 0.8 Hz which are strongly asymmetric. We will present the results of the ongoing work to characterize and identify the source(s) of these signals.
Associated primes of powers of edge ideals
Creators: name: Martinez-Bernal, Jose
name: Morey, Susan
name: Villarreal, Rafael H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C13, 13A30, 13F55

description: Let G be a graph and let I be its edge ideal. Our main result shows that the sets of associated primes of the powers of I form an ascending chain. It is known that the sets of associated primes of I(i) and intcl(I(i)) stabilize for large i, where "intcl" denotes integral closure and I(i) denotes the i-th power of I. We show that for edge ideals their corresponding stable sets are equal. To show our main result we use a classical result of Berge from matching theory and certain notions from combinatorial optimization.
description: Collectanea Mathematica, to appear
Strategic and Tactical Crude Oil Supply Chain: Mathematical Programming Models
Creators: name: Sahebishahemabadi, Hadi
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Strategic and Tactical SCM
Crude Oil Supply Chain
Mathematical Programming Model
Environmentally Conscious Design
Joint Venture Formation

description: Crude oil industry very fast became a strategic industry. Then, optimization of the Crude Oil Supply Chain (COSC) models has created new challenges. This fact motivated me to study the COSC mathematical programming models. We start with a systematic literature review to identify promising avenues. Afterwards, we elaborate three concert models to fill identified gaps in the COSC context, which are (i) joint venture formation, (ii) integrated upstream, and (iii) environmentally conscious design.
Alpha-integrin expression and function modify chemoresistance and immunogenicity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Creators: name: Liu, Chi-Chao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The overall survival rate for pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is >85%, achieved mainly via multi-agent chemotherapy. However, therapeutic options remain limited for those experiencing relapse, thus understanding the causes for treatment failures remains an important priority. In this thesis, I investigate the underlying mechanisms that allow leukemic cells to escape chemotherapy. Specifically, I evaluate how integrin-mediated cell adhesion promotes tumor cell survival by increased pro-survival signaling, enhanced resistance to chemotherapeutics, and decreased presentation of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers. I show that T-lymphoblast adhesion via α4β1-integrin promotes chemoresistance to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Expression of α4δ, a tail-truncated α4-integrin with GFFKR as the cytoplasmic motif, promotes chemoresistance in a manner independent of integrin-mediated adhesion. The adhesion-independent chemoresistance is reproduced by expression of Tacδ, a non-integrin transmembrane receptor fused to the cytosolic GFFKR motif. Additionally, the GFFKR motif-mediated chemoresistance is associated with enhanced Akt activation, Ca²⁺ influx, and drug efflux. GFFKR is a conserved motif found in α-integrins and previously shown to interact with calreticulin, a calcium-binding endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein. I found that α4-calreticulin interaction was enhanced by cell adhesion, while α4δ-calreticulin interaction occurred in an adhesion-independent manner. Since cell surface calreticulin is a pro-phagocytic marker for cells undergoing ICD, the impact of integrin function on surface calreticulin in lymphoblasts treated with ICD-inducing agents was evaluated. Engagement of integrins via adhesion, or expression of the minimal GFFKR motif as α4δ or Tacδ, was sufficient to reduce the levels of surface calreticulin. Furthermore, surface calreticulin was also reduced for cells co-treated with a β1-integrin activating antibody. The resulting integrin-mediated decrease in surface calreticulin significantly reduced engulfment of the target lymphoblasts by macrophages. Calreticulin expression in lymphoblasts was nullified to assess its role in integrin-mediated chemoresistance. Chemosensitivity was partially restored in calreticulin-null Tacδ cells under non-adherent conditions, and in calreticulin-null wildtype cells under adherent conditions. The affect was partly attributed to calreticulin’s role as a regulator of Ca²⁺ influx and drug efflux. Calreticulin was also implicated as a mediator of cytokine-dependent STAT proliferative signaling. This thesis provides evidence for integrin function and cell adhesion as a physiological pro-survival mediator for T-lymphoblasts.
Nanostrukturierung von funktionellen Oberflächen mit Hilfe der Rasterkraftmikroskopie
Creators: name: Ladnorg, Tatjana
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Rasterkraftmikroskopie
Nanostrukturierung
SAMs
Nanoshaving
Nanografting
MOF
Leitfähigkeit

description: Das Nanografting stellt eine wichtige Methode zur Erzeugung klar definierter, funktioneller Strukturen auf einer bestehenden Oberfläche dar, die den gezielten und ortsselektiven Aufbau weiterer Strukturen ermöglicht. Dieses Strukturierungsverfahren hat den Vorteil, dass die Form und die chemischen Eigenschaften von Einzelstrukturen individuell, mit einer hohen lateralen Auflösung und Ortsselektivität, variiert werden können.
Analytical Study on the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect for Clusters of Galaxies. II. comparison of covariant formalisms
Creators: name: Nozawa, Satoshi
name: Kohyama, Yasuharu
name: Itoh, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a covariant formalism for the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects developed in the previous papers by the present authors, and derive analytic expressions for the redistribution functions in the Thomson approximation. We also explore another covariant formalism recently developed by Poutanen and Vurm. We show that the two formalisms are mathematically equivalent in the Thomson approximation which is fully valid for the cosmic microwave background photon energies. The present finding will establish a theoretical foundation for the analysis of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects for the clusters of galaxies.
description: Accepted version, 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted by Physical Review D for publication
PHENIX - heavy ion collisions in small systems: a QGP?
Creators: name: Seto, Richard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: llwi17
phenix
small systems
qgp
elliptic
flow
p+au
d+au
3he+au
p+al
pion
proton

description: Talk presented at the Lake Louise Winter Institute 2017 conference
In vitro-Studien zum genotoxischen Potential und zum Metabolismus von Mykotoxinen mit Resorcylsäurelakton- und Perylenchinon-Struktur
Creators: name: Fleck, Stefanie Christina
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: Die Kontamination von Lebens- und Futtermitteln mit Mykotoxinen stellt ein weltweites Problem dar. Um eine Risikobewertung durchzuführen, besteht bezüglich des Vorkommens und der toxischen Wirkung dieser Substanzen weiterhin ein großer Forschungsbedarf. In dieser Arbeit wurden die genotoxische Wirkung und der in vitro-Metabolismus von Zearalenon sowie von Alternaria-Toxinen mit Perylenchinon-Struktur untersucht, wobei neue Ansatzpunkte für deren toxikologische Bewertung aufgezeigt werden.
69714: 1914-2014 Wartime Wadham Centenary (link)
Creators: name: Project Team, Oxford At War
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The Wadham college website offers access to stories and material related to the college and its members during the war, including extracts from the warden's diary and transcripts of letters written by current and former students at the front.
Quantum charged rigid membrane
Creators: name: Cordero, Ruben
name: Molgado, Alberto
name: Rojas, Efrain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early Dirac proposal to model the electron as a charged membrane is reviewed. A rigidity term, instead of the natural membrane tension, involving linearly the extrinsic curvature of the worldvolume swept out by the membrane is considered in the action modeling the bubble in the presence of an electromagnetic field. We set up this model as a genuine second-order derivative theory by considering a non-trivial boundary term which plays a relevant part in our formulation. The Lagrangian in question is linear in the bubble acceleration and by means of the Ostrogradski-Hamiltonian approach we observed that the theory comprises the management of both first- and second-class constraints. We show thus that our second-order approach is robust allowing for a proper quantization. We found an effective quantum potential which permits to compute bounded states for the system. We comment on the possibility of describing brane world universes by invoking this kind of second-order correction terms.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, published version
Predicted Constraints on Cosmic String Tension from Planck and Future CMB Polarization Measurements
Creators: name: Foreman, Simon
name: Moss, Adam
name: Scott, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a Fisher matrix calculation of the predicted uncertainties on estimates of the cosmic string tension Gmu from upcoming observational data (namely, cosmic microwave background power spectra from the Planck satellite and an idealized future polarization experiment). We employ simulations that are more general than others commonly used in the literature, leaving the mean velocity of strings, correlation length of the string network, and "wiggliness" (which parametrizes smaller-scale structure along the strings) as free parameters that can be observationally measured. In a new code, StringFast, we implement a method for efficient computation of the C_l spectra induced by a network of strings, which is fast enough to be used in Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses of future data. Performing a calculation with the string parameters left free results in projected constraints on Gmu that are larger than those obtained by fixing their values a priori, typically by a factor of ~2-7. We also find that if Gmu is equal to the current observational maximum, Planck will be able to make a confident detection of strings. However, if Gmu is two orders of magnitude smaller, even a perfect, lensing-free measurement of polarization power spectra will not be able to detect a nonzero string tension at better than 2 sigma confidence.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; references added and typos fixed to match published version; StringFast code available at http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/scott/stringfast.html
title: Capital depreciation allowances, redistributive taxation, and economic growth
Creators: name: Rehme, Günther
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: Are capital depreciation allowances when coupled with capital income taxes good instruments for redistribution in the long run? In a simple two‐agent‐economy I find that accelerated depreciation is good for growth, but bad for redistribution. The opposite holds for capital income taxes. However, in a feedback Stackelberg equilibrium, where the government is the leader and the private sector the follower, the depreciation allowance is maximal in the long run, time‐consistent optimum. This removes the accumulation distortion of capital income taxes. Furthermore, the latter, and so redistribution, is found to be generically nonzero in the time‐consistent optimum, and depends on the social weight of transfers receivers, the pretax factor income distribution, the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the time preference rate. Thus, accelerated depreciation allowances are an important indirect tool for redistribution. The tax scheme allows for a separation of "efficiency" and "equity" concerns for redistributive policies.
Open and hidden heavy flavor in PHENIX
Creators: name: Jouan, Denis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: moriond17
phenix
heavy flavor
open charm
au+au
cu+au
p+al
p+au
d+au
3he+au
dimuon
dielectron
vtx
fvtx
dca
J/Ψ
raa
nuclear
modification
b-meson
cnm effects
forward-rapidity
backward-rapidity

description: Talk presented at the Rencontres de Moriond (QCD and High Energy Interactions) 2017 conference
An approach to investigate surface roughness influence on non-lubricated and lubricated contacts by means of the finite element analysis = Ein Ansatz zur Untersuchung der Oberflächenrauheiteinflüsse bei geschmierten und
trockenen Kontakten mittels der Finite Elemente Methode
Creators: name: Lorentz, Benoît
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: Present thesis develops a numerical analysis framework to investigate the mixed lubricated contacts of two rough surfaces by means of the finite element method. A verification has been done to check the convergence of the microscopic mixed lubrication model. Parameter study done for the mixed lubrication model displays the contact stresses and temperatures and shows which parameter had the most influence on the friction behavior.
Dynamical current-current correlation of the hexagonal lattice and graphene
Creators: name: Stauber, T.
name: Gómez-Santos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the dynamical current-current correlation function of the hexagonal lattice using a local current operator defined on a continuum-replica model of the original lattice model. In the Dirac approximation, the correlation function can be decomposed into a parallel and perpendicular contribution. We show that this is not possible for the hexagonal lattice even in the Dirac regime. A comparison between the analytical isotropic solution and the numerical results for the honeycomb lattice is given.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Oscillator Construction of su(n|m) Q-Operators
Creators: name: Frassek, Rouven
name: Lukowski, Tomasz
name: Meneghelli, Carlo
name: Staudacher, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize our recent explicit construction of the full hierarchy of Baxter Q-operators of compact spin chains with su(n) symmetry to the supersymmetric case su(n|m). The method is based on novel degenerate solutions of the graded Yang-Baxter equation, leading to an amalgam of bosonic and fermionic oscillator algebras. Our approach is fully algebraic, and leads to the exact solution of the associated compact spin chains while avoiding Bethe ansatz techniques. It furthermore elucidates the algebraic and combinatorial structures underlying the system of nested Bethe equations. Finally, our construction naturally reproduces the representation, due to Z. Tsuboi, of the hierarchy of Baxter Q-operators in terms of hypercubic Hasse diagrams.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures; v2: references added
Inference of Many-Taxon Phylogenies
Creators: name: Izquierdo-Carrasco, Fernando
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Phylogenetic Inference
Maximum Likelihood
GPUs
Genomics
Large-scale datasets

description: Phylogenetic trees are tree topologies that represent the evolutionary history of a set of organisms. In this thesis, we address computational challenges related to the analysis of large-scale datasets with Maximum Likelihood based phylogenetic inference. We have approached this using different strategies: reduction of memory requirements, reduction of running time, and reduction of man-hours.
Observation of eta_c(1S) and eta_c(2S) decays to K+ K- pi+ pi- pi0 in two-photon interactions
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Sanchez, P. del Amo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the processes gamma gamma -> K^0_S K pi and gamma gamma -> K+ K- pi+ pi- pi0 using a data sample of 519.2 fb-1 recorded by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at center-of-mass energies near the Upsilon(nS) (n = 2,3,4) resonances. We observe the eta_c(1S), chi_c0(1P) and eta_c(2S) resonances produced in two-photon interactions and decaying to K+K-pi+pi-pi0, with significances of 18.1, 5.4 and 5.3 standard deviations (including systematic errors), respectively, and report 4.0sigma evidence of the chi_c2(1P) decay to this final state. We measure the eta_c(2S) mass and width in K^0_S K pi decays, and obtain the values m(eta_c(2S))= 3638.5 +/- 1.5 +/- 0.8 MeV/c^2 and Gamma(eta_c(2S)) = 13.4 +/- 4.6 +/- 3.2 MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We measure the two-photon width times branching fraction for the reported resonance signals, and search for the χ_{c2}(2P) resonance, but no significant signal is observed.
description: 9 pages, 4 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
A stochastic RTL circuit generator for FPGA architecture and CAD evaluation
Creators: name: Mashayekhi, Motahareh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The performance and capacity of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have dramatically improved in recent years. Today these devices are emerging as massively reconfigurable and paralleled hardware computation engines in data centers and cloud computing infrastructures. These emerging application domains require better and faster FPGAs. Designing such FPGAs requires realistic benchmark circuits to evaluate new architectural proposals. However, the number of available benchmark circuits is small, outdated, and few of these are representative of realistic circuits. A potential method to obtain more benchmark circuits is to design a generator that is capable of generating as many circuits as desired that are realistic and have specific characteristics. Previous work has focused on generating benchmark circuits at the netlist level. This limits the usefulness of these circuits in evaluating FPGA Computer Aided Design (CAD) algorithms since it does not allow for the evaluation of synthesis or related mapping algorithms. In addition, these netlist level circuit generators were calibrated using specific synthesis tools, which may no longer be state of the art. In this thesis, we introduce an Register Transfer Level (RTL) level circuit generator that can automatically create benchmark circuits that can be used for FPGA architecture studies and for evaluating CAD tools. Our generator can operate in two modes: as a random circuit generator or as a clone circuit generator. The clone circuit generator works by first analyzing an input RTL circuit then it generates a new circuit based on the analysis results. The outcome of this phase is evaluated by measuring the distance between certain post-synthesis characteristics of the generated clone circuit and those of the original circuit. In this study we generated a clone circuit for each of the VTR set of Verilog benchmark circuits. We generate clones with post-synthesis characteristics that are within 25% of the corresponding characteristic of the original circuits. In the other mode, the random circuit generator extracts the analysis results from a set of RTL circuits and uses that data to generate a random circuit with post-synthesis characteristics in an acceptable range.
Parton radiative processes and pressure isotropization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Zhang, Bin
name: Wortman, Warner A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact of radiative processes on kinetic equilibration is studied via a radiative transport model. The 2 3 processes can significantly increase the level of thermalization. These processes lead to an approximate coupling constant scaling of the evolution of the pressure anisotropy qualitatively different from the case with only 2 -> 2 partonic processes. Furthermore, thermal and Color Glass Condensate motivated initial conditions are shown to share the same asymptotic evolution when 2 3 processes are included. This emphasizes the unique role of radiative processes in Quark-Gluon Plasma thermalization.
description: Revised introduction and discussion on 3-body collisions, corrected Equation (3), updated acknowledgments and references
Partition function of 1-, 2-, and 3-D monatomic ideal gas: A simple and comprehensive review
Creators: name: Khotimah, Siti Nurul
name: Viridi, Sparisoma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article discusses partition function of monatomic ideal gas which is given in Statistical Physisc at Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia. Students in general are not familiar with partition function. This unfamiliarness was detected at a problem of partition function which was re-given in an examination in other dimensions that had been previously given in the lecture. Based on this observation, the need of a simple but comprehensive article about partition function in one-, two-, and three-dimensions is a must. For simplicity, a monatomic ideal gas is chosen.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables, being reviewed in Jurnal Pengajaran Fisika Sekolah Menengah
PHENIX measurement of heavy flavor production and spin asymmetries in p+p collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: Bok, Jeongsu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: moriond17
phenix
heavy flavor
spin
p+p
transverse spin asymmetry
d-meson
open charm
muon arms
muon
hadron
cross section
run15

description: Talk presented at the Rencontres de Moriond (QCD and High Energy Interactions) 2017 conference
Pilot capacity iron electrocoagulation scale-up for natural organic matter removal for drinking water treatment
Creators: name: McBeath, Sean T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Canadian remote communities are most often those who are affected by poor water quality and boil water advisories. A major issue is the applicability of traditional water treatment technologies to unconventional applications (small-scale and inaccessible communities). Their inaccessibility presents difficulties for supplying needed chemicals involved in traditional treatment processes such as coagulations and flocculation. Electrocoagulation (EC), an electrochemical process producing coagulant chemicals on-site and on-demand, may be an alternative technology to traditional coagulation suitable for small and remote communities. The following work investigated a continuous iron EC process for natural organic matter (NOM) removal. EC experiments were undertaken in the laboratory at 1.35 and 5 LPM, using synthetic surface water, monitoring the effect of flocculation, metal loading (ML), current density and inter-electrode gap. At both flow rates, flocculation was found to have no effect on the reduction of DOC or UV-abs-254. ML was found to have the greatest effect on both DOC and UV-abs-254 reductions, where the highest ML tested yielded reductions >90% and >60%, respectively. Increases in UV-abs-254 at low ML were found to be due to dissolved residual iron. It was determined that humic acid and chloride functioned as ligands and increased the solubility of iron. Operations were scaled-up to 10 LPM and integrated into a water treatment plant in the community of Van Anda, using raw surface water. Average DOC and UV-abs-254 reductions at the greatest ML were 37.2±4.2% and 54.7±0.9%, respectively. EC was found to have low energy requirements at a pilot-scale, whereby 0.480-0.621 kWh per cubic meter of water treated was required to operate at the conditions that yielded the greatest NOM reductions. Finally, an investigation to determine the current density distribution was undertaken. Current distribution results yielded increased current uniformity with the increase of the inter-electrode gap. This increased uniformity can be attributed to the water velocity profiles in the reactor. Through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models, it was demonstrated that fluid flow uniformity also increased with an increasing inter-electrode gap. Regions of the electrode that were observed to be occupied by high fluid velocity were also areas yielding greater current density.
Weighted Power Counting and Perturbative Unitarity
Creators: name: Albrecht, Dylan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the relationship between renormalizability and unitarity at a Lifshitz point in d dimensions. We test tree unitarity for theories containing only scalars and fermions, and for pure gauge theory. In both cases, we find the requirement of weighted power-counting renormalizability is equivalent to that of tree unitarity.
description: 12 pages, version published in Phys. Rev. D
title: Measuring the Reliability of Hate Speech Annotations: The Case of the European Refugee Crisis
Creators: name: Roß, Björn
name: Rist, Michael
name: Carbonell, Guillermo
name: Cabrera, Benjamin
name: Kurowsky, Nils
name: Wojatzki, Michael
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2016
Subjects: hate speech
hate speech detection
twitter
social media
social media analytics
natural language processing

description: Some users of social media are spreading racist, sexist, and otherwise hateful content. For the purpose of training a hate speech detection system, the reliability of the annotations is crucial, but there is no

universally agreed-upon definition. We collected potentially hateful messages and asked two groups of internet users to determine

whether they were hate speech or not, whether they should be banned or not and to rate their degree of offensiveness. One of the groups was shown a definition prior to completing the survey. We aimed to assess whether hate speech can be annotated reliably, and the extent to which existing definitions are in accordance with subjective ratings. Our results indicate that showing users a definition caused them to partially align their own opinion with the definition but did not improve reliability, which was very low overall. We conclude that the presence of hate speech should perhaps

not be considered a binary yes-or-no decision, and raters need more detailed instructions for the annotation.
Impact of Different Contour Hedgerows on Runoff, Nutrient and Soil on Sloping Farmland in Danjiangkou Reservoir Region of China
Creators: name: LU Zefang
name: CHEN Qinghua
name: JIN Tao
name: LU Zefang
name: CHEN Qinghua
name: JIN Tao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Contour hedgerow, Soil and water loss, Nutrient loss, Sloping farmland, Danjiangkou Reservoir Region

description: Soil and water loss has been a major environmental problem in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region. A study of 14° sloping farmland was performed on impact of different contour hedgerows on runoff, losses of soil and nutrients during 2008 and 2011, with five treatments and three replications. The winter wheat and summer maize were used as the test crops. Treatments consisted of four hedgerows: Amorpha (Amorpha fruticosa L.), Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), Day-lily flower (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni.), and Sabaigrass (Eulaliopsis binata), and a control without hedgerow. Result showed that the runoff under the control treatment was much higher than that of hedgerows. Amorpha could reduce the runoff by 35.2% compared with the control. Soil losses in four hedgerows showed significant reduction in four years (e.g., Amorpha: 78.3%; Honeysuckle: 77.1%). Nutrient losses in winter were much higher than that in summer, especially total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, even though there was an abundant precipitation in summer. Hedgerows greatly affected the soil and nutrient losses on slopping farmland compared with the control treatment, especially Amorpha treatment. The present study found that the Amorpha could be used as the hedgerow species for reducing soil and water loss in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region.
Excitons and Optical Absorption on the Surface of a Strong Topological Insulator with a Magnetic Energy Gap
Creators: name: Garate, Ion
name: Franz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of interacting electron-hole pairs located on a magnetized surface of a strong topological insulator (TI). The excitonic energy levels and the optical absorption on such surface display unique and potentially measurable features such as (i) an enhanced binding energy for excitons whose total angular momentum is aligned with the magnetic exchange field, (ii) a stark dependence of the optical absorption on the direction of the magnetic exchange field as well as on the chirality of the incident light, and (iii) a tunable center-of-mass motion of spinful excitons induced by particle-hole asymmetry in the exchange field. Our predictions are relevant to surfaces of magnetically doped TIs or surfaces coated with magnetic films, in addition to TI nanowires placed under longitudinal magnetic fields.
description: 12 pages and 9 figures. Revised version, accepted in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1 of Synthesized HMGB1 peptide attenuates liver inflammation and suppresses fibrosis in mice
Creators: name: Nojiri, Shunsuke
name: Tsuchiya, Atsunori
name: Natsui, Kazuki
name: Takeuchi, Suguru
name: Watanabe, Takayuki
name: Kojima, Yuichi
name: Watanabe, Yusuke
name: Kamimura, Hiroteru
name: Ogawa, Masahiro
name: Motegi, Satoko
name: Iwasawa, Takahiro
name: Sato, Takeki
name: Kumagai, Masaru
name: Ishii, Yui
name: Kitayama, Tomomi
name: Li, Yu-Tung
name: Ouchi, Yuya
name: Shimbo, Takashi
name: Takamura, Masaaki
name: Tamai, Katsuto
name: Terai, Shuji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material
Ein Prognosemodell für die Verwitterung von Sandstein
Creators: name: Kotan, Engin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Sandstein
Verwitterungsmodell
Lebensdauer
Ermüdung
FEM

description: Untersuchungen der Verwitterungsprozesse belegen, dass die Gesteinsverwitterung im Wesentlichen auf stetig wechselnde Temperatur- und Feuchteeinwirkungen, teils in Verbindung mit Frost und Eisbildung im Gestein, zurückgeführt werden kann. Zur Beschreibung der Schädigung infolge dieser Hauptbeanspruchungen, die zu einem allmählichen Versagen der Kornbindungen führen, wird ein entsprechender Modellansatz für die Verwitterung von Sandstein vorgestellt.
Localized whistlers in magnetized spin quantum plasmas
Creators: name: Misra, A. P.
name: Brodin, G.
name: Marklund, M.
name: Shukla, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear propagation of electromagnetic (EM) electron-cyclotron waves (whistlers) along an external magnetic field, and their modulation by electrostatic small but finite amplitude ion-acoustic density perturbations are investigated in a uniform quantum plasma with intrinsic spin of electrons. The effects of the quantum force associated with the Bohm potential and the combined effects of the classical as well as the spin-induced ponderomotive forces (CPF and SPF respectively) are taken into consideration. The latter modify the local plasma density in a self-consistent manner. The coupled modes of wave propagation is shown to be governed by a modified set of nonlinear Schrödinger-Boussinesq-like equations which admit exact solutions in form of stationary localized envelopes. Numerical simulation reveals the existence of large-scale density fluctuations that are self-consistently created by the localized whistlers in a strongly magnetized high density plasma. The conditions for the modulational instability (MI) and the value of its growth rate are obtained. Possible applications of our results, e.g., in strongly magnetized dense plasmas and in the next generation laser-solid density plasma interaction experiments are discussed.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; To appear in Physical Review E (2010)
Nanoscale Fabrication by Intrinsic Suppression of Proximity-Electron Exposures and General Considerations for Easy & Effective Top-Down Fabrication
Creators: name: Bartolf, H.
name: Inderbitzin, K.
name: Gómez, L. B.
name: Engel, A.
name: Schilling, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a planar process development based on the combination of electron-beam lithography and dry etching for fabricating high-quality superconducting photosensitive structures in the sub-100nm regime. The devices were fabricated by the application of an intrinsic proximity effect suppression procedure which makes the need for an elaborated correction algorithm redundant for planar design layouts which are orders of magnitude smaller than the backscattering length. In addition, we discuss the necessary considerations for extending the fabrication spatial scale of optical contactlithography with a mercury arc-discharge photon source down to the order of the exposure photon's wavelength ( sub-μm ), thereby minimizing the writing time on the electron-beam lithograph. Finally we developed a unique and novel technique for controlling the undercut during a planar lift-off fabrication procedure without cleaving the wafer.
description: 10 figures, 51 references
Samara no. 39.
Creators: name: Millennium Seed Bank Project
Publisher: name: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pterocarpus angolensis
Rare plants
Brantas River Watershed (East Java, Indonesia)
Training
Mexican native trees database
Seed longevity
Seed germination
Mexico
South Africa
Seed collection
Western Ghats (India)
Sesamum forbesii
United States
Seed health
Ochlandra
Global Tree Seed Bank
Mediterranean Region
Mozambique
Seed cleaning
Hopea odorata
Millennium Seed Bank
Ex situ conservation
RNA
Cryopreservation
Seed storage

description: IF = none,
description: Ardingly, West Sussex, UK
Additional file 1 of Transient elastography in adult patients with cryptic dyskeratosis congenita reveals subclinical liver fibrosis: a retrospective analysis of the Aachen telomere biology disease registry
Creators: name: Tometten, Mareike
name: Kirschner, Martin
name: Isfort, Susanne
name: Berres, Marie-Luise
name: Brümmendorf, Tim H.
name: Beier, Fabian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Table S1: Patient specific clinical manifestations and family history.
Extending systems with virtual hardware aggregation
Creators: name: Cully, Brendan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Hardware has physical limitations. It has fixed performance limits, and may fail. Applications suffer from the limitations of the physical hardware on which they run. Making applications able to take advantage of multiple hardware instances to avoid these limitations is complex. Since this effort must be expended for every application, it is impractical for most of them. In this thesis, we show that we can aggregate multiple physical machines at the virtual machine interface, allowing them to transcend the limitations of single machines without changing the applications themselves.
Ricci flows with unbounded curvature
Creators: name: Giesen, Gregor
name: Topping, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K55, 53C44, 58J35

description: We show that any noncompact Riemann surface admits a complete Ricci flow g(t), t\in[0,\infty), which has unbounded curvature for all t\in[0,\infty).
description: 12 pages, 1 figure; updated references
Assemblierung von Ethinylnilrot und Ethinylpyren mithilfe von DNA und Pyrrolidinyl-PNA
Creators: name: Sezi, Sabrina
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: Die vorliegende Dissertation gliedert sich in drei Teile. Die ersten beiden behandeln Ethinylpyren und Ethinylnilrot als Basenmodifikationen am 2'-Desoxyuridin sowie Ethinylnilrot als Basenmodifikation am 7-Desazaadenin. Hierbei wurden mit Pyren und Nilrot funktionalisierte Oligonukleotide synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Im dritten Teil wurde ein System aus Fluorophoren und Templat-DNA entwickelt. Dabei wurde die Anlagerung von Pyren-Nukleosiden an einzelsträngige DNA-Template untersucht.
title: Abschlussergebnisbericht - KMU-Wissenstransferlabor „Digitale Fabrik“
Creators: name: Wenzel, Sigrid
name: Gliem, Deike
name: Jessen, Ulrich
name: Stolipin, Jana
name: Sutherland, Robin
name: Wittine, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digitalisierung
subject: Industrie 4.0
subject: KMU
subject: Reifegradmodell
subject: Roadmap
subject: Workshop
subject: 620
subject: Digitalisierung
subject: Klein- und Mittelbetrieb
subject: Industrie 4.0
subject: Kurs
subject: Reifegradmodell

description: Das Forschungsprojekt „KMU-Wissenstransferlabor Digitale Fabrik“ mit einer Laufzeit von drei Jahren (01/2020 – 12/2022) wird aus Mitteln des Europäischen Fonds für regionale Entwicklung (EFRE) 2014 bis 2020 (IWB-EFRE-Programm Hessen) und aus Mitteln des Landes Hessen gefördert.
UHV-FTIRS-Untersuchungen an einkristallinen Oxidoberflächen
Creators: name: Buchholz, Maria
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Surface science
UHV
Titandioxid
Zinkoxid
IRRAS

description: In dieser Arbeit wurden metalloxidische Systeme mittels Infrarot-Reflektions-Absorptionsspektroskopie (IRRAS) im Ultrahochvakuum charakterisiert. Dies sind im Speziellen als Modellsystem für die Methanolsynthese die Adsorption von Kohlenstoffmonoxid bzw. Kohlenstoffdioxid auf ZnO (10-10) und als Modellsystem für die Farbstoffsolarzelle die Adsorption von Benzoesäure und Terephthalsäure auf r-TiO2 (110) und Ameisensäure auf ZnO (10-10).
Measurement of the cosmic-induced neutron yield at the Modane underground laboratory
Creators: name: Kluck, Holger Martin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: muon-induced neutrons
dark matter
background
Geant4
EDELWEISS

description: Muon-induced neutrons (µ-ind. n's) are an important background source for Dark Matter searches, e.g. EDELWEISS at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM). Within this work, a data set of 313 µ-ind. n's at LSM was collected. Using Geant4 and a calibrated detector response model, the absolute neutron rate is reproduced within 15% and agrees within the uncertainties. This work demonstrates that Geant4 can reliably model the production of µ-ind. n's once a detailed model is implemented.
Exploring the Higgs portal
Creators: name: Englert, Christoph
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Zerwas, Dirk
name: Zerwas, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Higgs portal from the Standard-Model to a hidden sector and examine which elements of the extended theory can be discovered and explored at the LHC. Our model includes two Higgs bosons covering parameter regions where the LHC will be sensitive to two, one or none of the particles at typical discovery luminosities for Standard Model Higgs production.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Typos corrected, references added, version published in PLB
The Geometric Cauchy Problem for Surfaces With Lorentzian Harmonic Gauss maps
Creators: name: Brander, David
name: Svensson, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53A05 (Primary), 53A35, 53A10 (Secondary), 53C42, 53C43

description: The geometric Cauchy problem for a class of surfaces in a pseudo-Riemannian manifold of dimension 3 is to find the surface which contains a given curve with a prescribed tangent bundle along the curve. We consider this problem for constant negative Gauss curvature surfaces (pseudospherical surfaces) in Euclidean 3-space, and for timelike constant non-zero mean curvature (CMC) surfaces in the Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space. We prove that there is a unique solution if the prescribed curve is non-characteristic, and for characteristic initial curves (asymptotic curves for pseudospherical surfaces and null curves for timelike CMC) it is necessary and sufficient for similar data to be prescribed along an additional characteristic curve that intersects the first. The proofs also give a means of constructing all solutions using loop group techniques. The method used is the infinite dimensional d'Alembert type representation for surfaces associated with Lorentzian harmonic maps (1-1 wave maps) into symmetric spaces, developed since the 1990's. Explicit formulae for the potentials in terms of the prescribed data are given, and some applications are considered.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures. Version 2: Remark 1.1 added. Section 4.2.2 corrected. Some typos corrected
Fusion in Fractional Level sl^(2)-Theories with k=-1/2
Creators: name: Ridout, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The fusion rules of conformal field theories admitting an sl^(2)-symmetry at level k=-1/2 are studied. It is shown that the fusion closes on the set of irreducible highest weight modules and their images under spectral flow, but not when "highest weight" is replaced with "relaxed highest weight". The fusion of the relaxed modules, necessary for a well-defined u^(1)-coset, gives two families of indecomposable modules on which the Virasoro zero-mode acts non-diagonalisably. This confirms the logarithmic nature of the associated theories. The structures of the indecomposable modules are completely determined as staggered modules and it is shown that there are no logarithmic couplings (beta-invariants). The relation to the fusion ring of the c=-2 triplet model and the implications for the beta gamma ghost system are briefly discussed.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures; v2 - added a ref and deleted a paragraph from the conclusions
Probing the semi-macroscopic vacuum by higher-harmonic generation under focused intense laser fields
Creators: name: Homma, Kensuke
name: Habs, Dieter
name: Tajima, Toshiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The invention of the laser immediately enabled the detection of nonlinear photon-matter interactions, as manifested for example by Franken et al.'s detection of second-harmonic generation. With the recent advancement in high-power, high-energy lasers and the examples of nonlinearity studies of the laser-matter interaction by virtue of properly arranging lasers and detectors, we envision the possibility of probing nonlinearities of the photon interaction in vacuum over substantial space-time scales, compared to the microscopic scale provided by high-energy accelerators. Specifically, we introduce the photon-photon interaction in a quasi-parallel colliding system and the detection of higher harmonics in that system. The method proposed should realize a far greater sensitivity of probing possible low-mass and weakly coupling fields that have been postulated. With the availability of a large number of coherent photons, we suggest a scheme for the detection of higher harmonics via the averaged resonant production and decay of these postulated fields within the uncertainty of the center-of-mass energy between incoming laser photons. The method carves out a substantial swath of new experimental parameter regimes on the coupling of these fields to photons, under appropriate laser technologies, even weaker than that of gravity in the mass range well below 1 eV.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics
Supplementary Mathematical Material from Bayesian inference on a microstructural, hyperelastic model of tendon deformation
Creators: name: Haughton, James
name: Cotter, Simon L.
name: Parnell, William J.
name: Shearer, Tom
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310908
subject: Animal physiology - biophysics
classificationCode: 320203
subject: Clinical microbiology
classificationCode: 320802
subject: Human biophysics
classificationCode: 490102
subject: Biological mathematics

description: A PDF file containing further mathematical details