cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dislocations in ceramic electrolytes for solid-state Li batteries
Creators: name: Porz, L.
name: Knez, D.
name: Scherer, M.
name: Ganschow, S.
name: Kothleitner, G.
name: Rettenwander, D.
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High-temperature deformation
subject: lithium metal-electrode
subject: plastic deformation
subject: strontium-titanate
subject: high-energy
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: High power solid-state Li batteries (SSLB) are hindered by the formation of dendrite-like structures at high current rates. Hence, new design principles are needed to overcome this limitation. By introducing dislocations, we aim to tailor mechanical properties in order to withstand the mechanical stress leading to Li penetration and resulting in a short circuit by a crack-opening mechanism. Such defect engineering, furthermore, appears to enable whisker-like Li metal electrodes for high-rate Li plating. To reach these goals, the challenge of introducing dislocations into ceramic electrolytes needs to be addressed which requires to establish fundamental understanding of the mechanics of dislocations in the particular ceramics. Here we evaluate uniaxial deformation at elevated temperatures as one possible approach to introduce dislocations. By using hot-pressed pellets and single crystals grown by Czochralski method of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 garnets as a model system the plastic deformation by more than 10% is demonstrated. While conclusions on the predominating deformation mechanism remain challenging, analysis of activation energy, activation volume, diffusion creep, and the defect structure potentially point to a deformation mechanism involving dislocations. These parameters allow identification of a process window and are a key step on the road of making dislocations available as a design element for SSLB.
Por Gusto y Por Necesidad: Understanding the Barriers and Opportunities to Latinx Entrepreneurship in Rural Communities
Creators: name: Constantine, Lucia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This master’s paper has two purposes. The first is to understand how Latinx entrepreneurs are transforming the physical, cultural and economic landscape of small towns. The second is to assess how local institutions can successfully engage and support Latinx entrepreneurs by addressing some of the unique challenges they face. The paper begins by reviewing the literature on immigration to rural communities, immigrant integration as economic development, and Latinx entrepreneurship. Next, I introduce Siler City, a small town in North Carolina, as a case study, providing a brief history anddiscussion of current conditions as well as insights from interviews with business owners. I conclude with some policy suggestions for how to best support Latinx entrepreneurship in rural communities. While Latinx businesses are a visible presence in Siler City and provide some tangible economic benefits, more concerted efforts to involve entrepreneurs in local systems and greater transparency around start up processes are needed.
Time Evolution of Temperature Fluctuation in a Non-Equilibrated System
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Trambak
name: Garg, Prakhar
name: Sahoo, Raghunath
name: Samantray, Prasant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution equation for inhomogeneous and anisotropic temperature fluctuation inside a medium is derived within the ambit of Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for a hot gas of massless particles. Also, specializing to a situation created after heavy-ion collision (HIC), we analyze the Fourier space variation of temperature fluctuation of the medium using its temperature profile. The effect of viscosity on the variation of fluctuations in the latter case is investigated and possible implications for early universe cosmology, and its connection with HICs are also explored.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, Minor changes in the text
Islamistic terror, the war on Iraq and the job prospects of Arab men in Britain: Does a country's direct involvement matter?
Creators: name: Braakmann, Nils
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Discrimination
subject: Islamism
subject: Terror
subject: Employment
subject: Wage
subject: Diskriminierung
subject: Islam
subject: Politische Verfolgung
subject: Beschäftigung
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper examines whether the labor market prospects of Arab men in England are influenced by recent Islamistic terrorist attacks and the war on Iraq. We use data from the British Labour Force Survey from Spring 2001 to Winter 2006 and treat the terrorist attacks on the USA on September 11th, 2001, the Madrid train bombings on March 11th, 2004 and the London bombings on July 7th, 2005, as well as the beginning of the war on Iraq on March 20th, 2003, as natural experiments possibly having led to a change in attitudes toward Arab or Muslim men. Using treatment group definitions based on ethnicity, country of birth, current nationality, and religion, evidence from regression-adjusted di_erence-in-di_erences-estimators indicates that the real wages, hours worked and employment probabilities of Arab men were unchanged by the attacks. This finding is in line with prior evidence from Europe.
The PubChem PFAS Tree
Creators: name: Schymanski, Emma
name: Zhang, Jian (Jeff)
name: Thiessen, Paul
name: Bolton, Evan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: PFAS
PubChem
ZeroPM

description: Poster about the PubChem PFAS Tree presented at the ZeroPM Prevention Workshop, Feb 7-8, 2023, Gothenburg.
Infrared Spectroscopy with Visible Light
Creators: name: Kalashnikov, Dmitry A.
name: Paterova, Anna V.
name: Kulik, Sergei P.
name: Krivitsky, Leonid A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral measurements in the infrared (IR) optical range provide unique fingerprints of materials which are useful for material analysis, environmental sensing, and health diagnostics. Current IR spectroscopy techniques require the use of optical equipment suited for operation in the IR range, which faces challenges of inferior performance and high cost. Here we develop a spectroscopy technique, which allows spectral measurements in the IR range using visible spectral range components. The technique is based on nonlinear interference of infrared and visible photons, produced via Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC). The intensity interference pattern for a visible photon depends on the phase of an IR photon, which travels through the media. This allows determining properties of the media in the IR range from the measurements of visible photons. The technique can substitute and/or complement conventional IR spectroscopy techniques, as it uses well-developed optical components for the visible range.
description: submitted for publication
A 96-multiplex capillary electrophoresis screening platform for product based evolution of P450 BM3
Creators: name: Gärtner, Anna
name: Ruff, Anna Joëlle
name: Schwaneberg, Ulrich
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cytochrome P450BM-3
subject: stereoselective hydroxylation
subject: laboratory evolution
subject: directed evolution
subject: double evolution
subject: 500
subject: 600
subject: 540

description: The main challenge that prevents a broader application of directed enzyme evolution is the lack of high-throughput screening systems with universal product analytics. Most directed evolution campaigns employ screening systems based on colorimetric or fluorogenic surrogate substrates or universal quantification methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or mass spectrometry, which have not been advanced to achieve a high-throughput. Capillary electrophoresis with a universal UV-based product detection is a promising analytical tool to quantify product formation. Usage of a multiplex system allows the simultaneous measurement with 96 capillaries. A 96-multiplexed capillary electrophoresis (MP-CE) enables a throughput that is comparable to traditional direct evolution campaigns employing 96-well microtiter plates. Here, we report for the first time the usage of a MP-CE system for directed P450 BM3 evolution towards increased product formation (oxidation of alpha-isophorone to 4-hydroxy-isophorone; highest reached total turnover number after evolution campaign: 7120 mol4-OH molP450−1). The MP-CE platform was 3.5-fold more efficient in identification of beneficial variants than the standard cofactor (NADPH) screening system.
Annexation and Water Utility Extensions in Wake County, NC: The Role of Race, Income, and Other Demographic Characteristics
Creators: name: Clonch, Allison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Racial segregation in the United States, formally ended some 65 years ago, still persists in many cities and towns through intentional and unintentional land use planning and policy. It has been demonstrated that low-income and Black neighborhoods are less likely to have access to municipal services through a phenomenon known as municipal underbounding. Many unincorporated communities lack basic amenities, such as water or sewer service, sidewalks, parks, or proper drainage systems, and most individuals living in these communities rely on unregulated private wells. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between demographic characteristics of unincorporated communities and how annexations and water utility extensions are made over time. We created and utilized a novel database of residential parcels in Wake County, NC, from 2002 to 2018 and block group level demographic data. With this, we created logistic models to assess the relationship between community demographics and annexations and water utility extensions over time in Wake County, NC. In general, the models show that median age, race, and population density significantly affect the odds of both annexation and receiving water service.
Stable coherent mode-locking based on π pulse formation in single-section lasers
Creators: name: Arkhipov, Rostislav
name: Pakhomov, Anton
name: Arkhipov, Mikhail
name: Babushkin, Ihar
name: Rosanov, Nikolay
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500
subject: 600
subject: 530

description: Here we consider coherent mode-locking (CML) regimes in single-section cavity lasers, taking place for pulse durations less than atomic population and phase relaxation times, which arise due to coherent Rabi oscillations of the atomic inversion. Typically, CML is introduced for lasers with two sections, the gain and absorber ones. Here we show that, for certain combination of the cavity length and relaxation parameters, a very stable CML in a laser, containing only gain section, may arise. The mode-locking is unconditionally self-starting and appears due to balance of intra-pulse de-excitation and slow interpulse-scale pump-induced relaxation processes. We also discuss the scaling of the system to shorter pulse durations, showing a possibility of mode-locking for few-cycle pulses.
Determining the Relationship Between Private Well Water Consumption and Children's Blood Lead Levels
Creators: name: Komandur, Abhishek
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Over the past 50 years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other governmental organizations have developed regulations to decrease the population's exposure to lead, which is a potent neurotoxin with no confirmed threshold dose. However, as recent events in Flint, Michigan and other areas have demonstrated, lead exposure through drinking water is still a prominent concern. Lead adversely impacts health when consumed through drinking water, but no research has yet been done to investigate the relationship between human health outcomes and exposure to lead in drinking water from private wells. Private wells are not covered by the Safe Drinking Water Act, and private well water consumption could lead to increased exposure to lead and other heavy metals. To better understand this relationship, we conducted a study to determine the relationship between lead contamination in private wells in North Carolina and children's blood lead levels (BLLs). Blood lead samples were collected from 23 children relying on private wells in Orange, Wake, and Chatham Counties as of this time, along with water and dust samples from their respective households. We have found that (1) 14% of households have lead in at least one water sample that exceeded the EPA action level of 15 parts per billion, (2) BLLs were all below the Centers for Disease Control's action level of 5 μg/dL, and (3) the model currently used to predict children's blood lead from environmental lead appears to over-predict blood lead concentrations. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the health risks to children of drinking private well water that is contaminated with lead.
The Private and Public Insurance Value of Conservative Biodiversity Management
Creators: name: Baumgärtner, Stefan
name: Quaas, Martin F.
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biodiversity
subject: Ecosystem
subject: Management
subject: Insurance
subject: Public Good
subject: Ökosystem
subject: Versicherung
subject: Haftpflichtrisiko
subject: Öffentliches Gut
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Abstract. The ecological literature suggests that biodiversity reduces the variance of ecosystem services. Thus, conservative biodiversity management has an insurance value to risk-averse users of ecosystem services. We analyze a conceptual ecological-economic model in which such management measures generate a private benefit and, via ecosystem processes at higher hierarchical levels, a positive externality on other ecosystem users. We find that ecosystem management and environmental policy depend on the extent of uncertainty and risk-aversion as follows: (i) Individual effort to improve ecosystem quality unambiguously increases. The free-rider problem may decrease or increase, depending on the characteristics of the ecosystem and its management; in particular, (ii) the size of the externality may decrease or increase, depending on how individual and aggregate management effort influence biodiversity; and (iii) the welfare loss due to free-riding may decrease or increase, depending on how biodiversity influences ecosystem service provision.
Direct Observation of Deformation in Microgel Filtration
Creators: name: Linkhorst, John
name: Rabe, Jonas
name: Hirschwald, Lukas T.
name: Kuehne, Alexander J. C.
name: Wessling, Matthias
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: artificial membrane
subject: colloid
subject: compression
subject: filter cake
subject: filtration
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: Colloidal filtration processes using porous membranes suffer from productivity loss due to colloidal matter retention and continuous build-up by the retained matter. Especially during filtration of soft matter, the deformation of the individual colloids that make up the filter cake may be significant; however, this deformation and its impact remain unresolved so far. Yet, understanding the deformation on the single colloid level as well as on the ensemble level is important to be able to deconvolute filter cake properties from resistance increase of the membrane either by simultaneous internal adsorption or blocking of pores. Here, we report on the compression of a filter cake by filtrating soft microgels in a microfluidic channel in front of a model membrane. To study the single colloid deformation amorphous and crystalline domains were built up in front of the membrane and visualized on-line using confocal fluorescence microscopy while adjusting the degree of permeation, i.e., the transmembrane flux. Results show locally pronounced asymmetric deformation in amorphous domains, while the microgels in colloidal crystals approached regular polyeder shape. Increasing the flux beyond the maximum colloid deformation results in non-isochoric microgel behavior. The presented methodology enables a realistic description of complex colloidal matter deposits during filtration.
Faszination Programmierung : Freude mit Graphik und vielfältigen Konstrukten
Creators: name: Bonin, Hinrich E. G.
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Objektorientierung
subject: Programmierung
subject: Java
subject: PostScript
classificationCode: 004
subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Wie in vielen Hochschulen, so erfolgt auch in der Universität Lüneburg derzeit die Einführung in die Grundlagen der Programmierung (PROG) für Informatiker und Wirtschaftsinformatiker primär auf Basis der Programmiersprache Java. Ziel ist es, programmieren als einen systematischen Konstruktionsvorgang zu vermitteln.
A model to predict level of adherence to prehabilitation in older adults with frailty having cancer surgery
Creators: name: Shaw, Julia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: BACKGROUND: Frailty is a well-established predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes in older surgical patients and is especially common in older people having cancer surgery. Early evidence suggests exercise could improve postoperative outcomes for people with frailty, however little is known about the factors that influence older people’s adherence in exercise before surgery (prehabilitation) programs. OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to identify predictors of prehabilitation adherence in older adults living with frailty before cancer surgery. METHODS: This will be a nested prospective cohort of older adults with frailty having cancer surgery who participated in a randomized controlled trial of home-based prehabilitation vs. standard care to improve postoperative functional performance. It is anticipated that 102 participants from the intervention arm will be included in this study’s nested cohort. We will construct a multivariable ordinary least squares linear regression model using pre-specified, prospectively collected covariates to predict adherence (% prescribed exercise sessions attempted). Our covariates (collected at baseline) have been selected a priori based on clinical expertise and literature review; they will include age, sex, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), disability, frailty score, previous physical activity, depression, and neoadjuvant therapy. If assumptions of normality are met, our dependent variable will be % adherence; otherwise a log transformation will be applied. All continuous variables will be standardized and assessed for best fit using fractional polynomials. Collinearity will be considered using variance inflation factor and addressed with penalisation. Missing data will be handled using multiple imputation. Bootstrapping will be used to internally validate the model. EXPECTED RESULTS: This model will help us to understand the proportion of variance in prehabilitation adherence that is explained by baseline participant characteristics. This will allow for identification of people at risk of low adherence to inform resource targeting and personalization of prehabilitation support systems.
Preventing health-care acquired infections in lower-level healthcare facilities (maternities, health centers, health posts, MCH centers): the role of WaSH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Creators: name: Sung, Hai-Ryung
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Comprehensive environmental conditions including water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH), healthcare waste management, and energy services are needed in health care facilities (HCFs) to ensure safe and adequate care, and to reduce the risk of healthcare-acquired infections (HCAIs). Insufficient and inadequate WaSH services in HCFs are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). For example, between 2014 and 2016 the absence of running water for handwashing, cleaning, and disinfection at HCFs posed a significant challenge to containing the Ebola epidemic in West Africa. While the role of WaSH services and energy are important, there are very few studies on these services in lower-level HCFs. To address this, a systematic review of both peer-reviewed and grey literature on WaSH services in lower-level HCFs in LMICs found no articles in English that assessed the implementation of the full range of WaSH services; and the review found no definitions of types of lower-level HCFs and their accompanying range of services. Overall, four studies reported sufficient coverage with WaSH and energy services in lower-level HCFs in LMICs. We conclude that a supportive enabling environment, focused political attention, and the effective and comprehensive application of WaSH and energy interventions in lower-level HCFs in LMICs are required to prevent healthcare-acquired infections.
Toxic and Essential Metals Accumulation in the Placenta and Fetal Membrane: Understanding Preterm Birth Risk in a  North Carolina Cohort
Creators: name: Reed, Caroline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Infants who are born prematurely (<37 weeks’ gestation) are at risk for both neonatal and later-in-life health complications. Of concern, preterm birth (PTB) is the principal cause of childhood mortality under 5 years of age. The exact etiology of PTB is still poorly understood, but genetic, environmental, and demographic risk factors have all been identified. Among these threats, there is growing information that prenatal exposure to metals – both toxic and essential – may play an important role in preterm birth outcomes. In the present study, we set out to analyze the metal/metalloid profiles of placental and fetal membrane tissue belonging to a cohort of 125 pregnant women recruited from obstetric clinics in North Carolina. A total of seven metals, both toxic and essential, were assessed in this study in relation to PTB. Our two-part hypothesis was that first, elevated levels of the toxic metals arsenic, lead, cadmium, or mercury would be associated with PTB and that second, lower levels of essential metals including selenium, manganese, and zinc would be associated with PTB. Our analysis revealed a wide distribution of toxic and essential metals in the placenta and fetal membrane. Higher levels of toxic metals were not found to be associated with PTB outcomes, with the exception of Cd in fetal membrane tissue. These results contribute to the limited pool of research exploring toxic metals exposure and PTB and can be used to inform future work and public health messaging going forward.
The predictive and prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Khesrawi, Ahmad
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Oncology
subject: Pathology
subject: Surgery
subject: predictive biomarkers
subject: rectal cancer
subject: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

description: we are conducting a systematic review of the literature to investigate the current evidence on the prognostic and predictive values of baseline TIL density in locally advanced rectal cancers undergoing neoadjuvant treatment.
AESTHETIC TREATMENTS IN THE REDUCTION OF LOCALIZED FAT: A SCOPING REVIEW
Creators: name: Nogueira, Amanda
name: de Almeida, Nathália
name: Toledo, Ana
name: Eller, Lizziane
name: Nakagaki, Wilson
name: de Abreu, Marilda
name: da Silva, Laurinéia
name: de Lima, Mayara
name: Vanderlei, Franciele
name: Filho, Valter
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dermatology
subject: Women's Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties

description: The present project will be a scope review to analyze the main aesthetic treatments for the reduction of localized fat.
Robust Subspace Clustering via Tighter Rank Approximation
Creators: name: Kang, Zhao
name: Peng, Chong
name: Cheng, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Matrix rank minimization problem is in general NP-hard. The nuclear norm is used to substitute the rank function in many recent studies. Nevertheless, the nuclear norm approximation adds all singular values together and the approximation error may depend heavily on the magnitudes of singular values. This might restrict its capability in dealing with many practical problems. In this paper, an arctangent function is used as a tighter approximation to the rank function. We use it on the challenging subspace clustering problem. For this nonconvex minimization problem, we develop an effective optimization procedure based on a type of augmented Lagrange multipliers (ALM) method. Extensive experiments on face clustering and motion segmentation show that the proposed method is effective for rank approximation.
description: ACM CIKM 2015
Spatial segregation of mixed-sized counterions in dendritic polyelectrolytes
Creators: name: Kłos, J.S.
name: Paturej, J.
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Flexible spacer-chains
subject: molecular-dynamics simulations
subject: charged dendrimers
subject: conformational transitions
subject: ion sistribution
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: Langevin dynamics simulations are utilized to study the structure of a dendritic polyelectrolyte embedded in two component mixtures comprised of conventional (small) and bulky counterions. We vary two parameters that trigger conformational properties of the dendrimer: the reduced Bjerrum length, λ∗B, which controls the strength of electrostatic interactions and the number fraction of the bulky counterions, fb, which impacts on their steric repulsion. We find that the interplay between the electrostatic and the counterion excluded volume interactions affects the swelling behavior of the molecule. As compared to its neutral counterpart, for weak electrostatic couplings the charged dendrimer exists in swollen conformations whose size remains unaffected by fb. For intermediate couplings, the absorption of counterions into the pervaded volume of the dendrimer starts to influence its conformation. Here, the swelling factor exhibits a maximum which can be shifted by increasing fb. For strong electrostatic couplings the dendrimer deswells correspondingly to fb. In this regime a spatial separation of the counterions into core–shell microstructures is observed. The core of the dendrimer cage is preferentially occupied by the conventional ions, whereas its periphery contains the bulky counterions.
Export entry, export exit, and productivity in German manufacturing industries
Creators: name: Wagner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Export
subject: Productivity
subject: Produktivität
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper contributes to the flourishing literature on exports and productivity by using a unique newly available panel of exporting establishments from the manufacturing sector of Germany from 1995 to 2004 to test three hypotheses derived from a theoretical model by Hopenhayn (Econometrica 1992): (H1) Firms that stop exporting in year t were in t-1 less productive than firms that continue to export in t. (H2) Firms that start to export in year t are less productive than firms that export both in year t-1 and in year t. (H3) Firms from a cohort of export starters that still export in the last year of the panel were more productive in the start year than firms from the same cohort that stopped to export in between. While results for West Germany support all three hypotheses, this is only the case for (H1) and (H2) in East Germany.
Online versus offline experimental psychology sample sizes from 2002 to 2022
Creators: name: Lukács, Gáspár
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: In our study, we will examine the trends in sample sizes, collected either offline or online, in the studies published in general and experimental psychology journals from 2003 to 2022. We expect timewise increasing total sample sizes and an increasing ratio of online-to-offline samples.
Converging institutions: Shaping the relationships between nanotechnologies, economy and society
Creators: name: Ott, Ingrid
name: Papilloud, Christian
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Convergence
subject: Nanotechnologies
subject: Risk
subject: Konvergenz
subject: Risiko
subject: Nanotechnologie
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper develops the concept of converging institutions and applies it to nanotechnologies. Starting point are economic and sociological perspectives. We focus on the entire innovation process of nanotechnologies beginning with research and development over di_usion via downstream sectors until implementation in final goods. The concept is applied to the nano–cluster in the metropolitan region of Grenoble and a possible converging institution is identified.
Climate change and specialty coffee potential in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Chemura, Abel
name: Mudereri, Bester Tawona
name: Yalew, Amsalu Woldie
name: Gornott, Christoph
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: algorithm
subject: climate change
subject: coffee
subject: Ethiopia
subject: human
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: Current climate change impact studies on coffee have not considered impact on coffee typicities that depend on local microclimatic, topographic and soil characteristics. Thus, this study aims to provide a quantitative risk assessment of the impact of climate change on suitability of five premium specialty coffees in Ethiopia. We implement an ensemble model of three machine learning algorithms to predict current and future (2030s, 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) suitability for each specialty coffee under four Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). Results show that the importance of variables determining coffee suitability in the combined model is different from those for specialty coffees despite the climatic factors remaining more important in determining suitability than topographic and soil variables. Our model predicts that 27% of the country is generally suitable for coffee, and of this area, only up to 30% is suitable for specialty coffees. The impact modelling showed that the combined model projects a net gain in coffee production suitability under climate change in general but losses in five out of the six modelled specialty coffee growing areas. We conclude that depending on drivers of suitability and projected impacts, climate change will significantly affect the Ethiopian speciality coffee sector and area-specific adaptation measures are required to build resilience.
Polluted Psyche: Is the Effect of Air Pollution on Unethical Behavior More Physiological or Psychological?
Creators: name: Li, Qian
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Data and analysis code for: Gong et al. Is the Effect of Air Pollution on Unethical Behavior More Physiological or Psychological?
Web Key Directory and other key exchange methods for OpenPGP
Creators: name: Breuch, Philipp Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Paderborn
Year: 2022

description: The cryptographic protocol OpenPGP exists since 1991 and is used for the encryption and signing of e-mails and data. OpenPGP uses public key cryptography and requires that key authenticity is verified in a secure manner. Historically this is done via key servers and a decentralized trust model, the Web of Trust. In this thesis, we describe and analyze the OpenPGP key exchange method “Web Key Directory”. We provide security definitions for OpenPGP key exchange methods. Based on these definitions, we evaluate whether the Web Key Directory specification and its reference implementation are secure. We find inconsistencies and specification gaps in the Web Key Directory specification draft. We reveal that the main assumption of the Web Key Directory Update Protocol is too vague. We describe several scenarios and interpretations of the main assumption and analyze them. We can show that the Web Key Directory Update Protocol is vulnerable in multiple scenarios and interpretations. Furthermore, we find errors in the reference implementation. We could utilize errors to describe an attack on the reference implementation with almost no assumptions. It allows an attacker to illegitimately publish OpenPGP keys for any e-mail address for any domain of a Web Key Directory provider.
Promoting private well testing in majority African-American census blocks of extraterritorial jurisdictions in Wake County, NC, using the mental models approach to risk communication
Creators: name: Wood, Erica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Residents of predominantly African-American neighborhoods bordering cities and towns in Wake County, North Carolina, historically excluded from municipal water services, are at higher risk for water contamination from bacteria and lead than neighbors with municipal water. More than 40% of survey respondents there had not tested their water quality in the past 10 years. Using the mental models approach to risk communication, we evaluated existing communications and created a new mailer promoting testing of unregulated private wells. Messages focused exclusively on factors that a 2017 survey indicated were predictive of well testing: knowledge of how to test, urgency around testing, non-reliance on sensory perceptions of water quality, and low perceptions of cost barriers. Pilot testing through in-person interviews confirmed clarity of messages and revealed concerns about logistical barriers. Effective risk communications contribute to a more informed public, which can lead to individual and collective decisions that better protect health.
Decay radius of climate decision for solar panels in the city of Fresno, USA
Creators: name: Barton-Henry, Kelsey
name: Wenz, Leonie
name: Levermann, Anders
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: climate
subject: diffusion
subject: human
subject: human experiment
subject: lowest income group
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: To design incentives towards achieving climate mitigation targets, it is important to understand the mechanisms that affect individual climate decisions such as solar panel installation. It has been shown that peer effects are important in determining the uptake and spread of household photovoltaic installations. Due to coarse geographical data, it remains unclear whether this effect is generated through geographical proximity or within groups exhibiting similar characteristics. Here we show that geographical proximity is the most important predictor of solar panel implementation, and that peer effects diminish with distance. Using satellite imagery, we build a unique geo-located dataset for the city of Fresno to specify the importance of small distances. Employing machine learning techniques, we find the density of solar panels within the shortest measured radius of an address is the most important factor in determining the likelihood of that address having a solar panel. The importance of geographical proximity decreases with distance following an exponential curve with a decay radius of 210 meters. The dependence is slightly more pronounced in low-income groups. These findings support the model of distance-related social diffusion, and suggest priority should be given to seeding panels in areas where few exist.
Peripherally inserted central catheter versus central venous catheter for intravenous access: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Flumignan, Ronald
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: central venous catheters
subject: clinical protocols
subject: evidence-based medicine
subject: peripheral catheterisation
subject: systematic review

description: This is a protocol for a systematic review of intervention. The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of peripheral inserted central catheter versus central venous catheter for intravenous access.
Screening and plasmons in pure and disordered single- and bilayer black phosphorus
Creators: name: Jin, Fengping
name: Roldán, Rafael
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
name: Yuan, Shengjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study collective plasmon excitations and screening of disordered single- and bilayer black phosphorus beyond the low energy continuum approximation. The dynamical polarizability of phosphorene is computed using a tight-binding model that properly accounts for the band structure in a wide energy range. Electron-electron interaction is considered within the Random Phase Approximation. Damping of the plasmon modes due to different kinds of disorder, such as resonant scatterers and long-range disorder potentials, is analyzed. We further show that an electric field applied perpendicular to bilayer phosphorene can be used to tune the dispersion of the plasmon modes. For sufficiently large electric field, the bilayer BP enters in a topological phase with a characteristic plasmon spectrum, which is gaped in the armchair direction.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Author Correction: Enhanced tenacity of mycobacterial aerosols from necrotic neutrophils
Creators: name: Pfrommer, E.
name: Dreier, C.
name: Gabriel, G.
name: Dallenga, T.
name: Reimer, R.
name: Schepanski, K.
name: Scherließ, R.
name: Schaible, U.E.
name: Gutsmann, T.
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 500
subject: 600

description: The original version of this Article contained errors within the affiliations section. Affiliation 4 was incorrectly given as ‘Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS’21, Leipzig, Germany’. The correct affiliation is listed below: Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS’21, Borstel, 23845, Germany Also, Affiliation 5 was incorrectly given as ‘German Center for Infection Research, TTU-TB, Borstel, 23845, Germany’. The correct affiliation is listed below: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany. Finally, the original HTML version of this Article omitted an affiliation for G. Gabriel. The correct affiliations for G. Gabriel are listed below: Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany. Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS’21, Borstel, 23845, Germany. German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany. These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
The Strength of Vertical Linkages
Creators: name: Kranich, Jan
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Vertical Linkages
subject: Geographie
subject: New Economy
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper discusses the interdependencies that exist between vertically-linked industries in the (Spence-)Dixit-Stiglitz model of monopolistic competition. The main objective is to develop a concept for quantifying the magnitude of sectoral coherence in models of the New Economic Geography. It is motivated by the suggestion, by Venables (1996), that 'strategic industries' be identi®ed in terms of their agglomeration potential. Using a partial-analytic approach, we focus on inter-industrial relations in a closed economy to draw conclusions regarding international trade. We ascertain that two factors have an impact upon the strength of industrial linkages: 1) the monopolistic scope of intermediate suppliers, in terms of (technical) substitution elasticity; and the share in downstream costs for intermediates. Within a simulation study, this paper applies this new theoretical concept to eight basic industries across ten European countries.
Decomposition of the Kostlan--Shub--Smale model for random polynomials
Creators: name: Gichev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H25, 43A85

description: Let $\cP_n$ be the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree $n$ on $\bbR^{m+1}$. We consider the asymptotic behavior of some coefficients relating to the decomposition of $\cP_n$ into the sum of $\SO(m+1)$-irreducible components. Using the results, we prove that a random Kostlan--Shub--Smale polynomial $u\in\cP_n$ can be approximated by polynomials of lower degree in the Sobolev spaces $H^k(S^m)$ on the unit sphere $S^m$ with small error and probability close to $1$. For example, if $l_n>\sqrt{(m+2k+8\ep)n\ln n}$, then the inequality $\dist(u,\cP_{l_n})\ep n$, then both the approximation error and the deviation of probability from $1$ decay exponentially.
description: Minor changes throughout the paper; Proposition~5.1 is added
Direct measurement of Coulomb-laser coupling
Creators: name: Azoury, Doron
name: Krüger, Michael
name: Bruner, Barry D.
name: Smirnova, Olga
name: Dudovich, Nirit
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500
subject: 600
subject: 530

description: The Coulomb interaction between a photoelectron and its parent ion plays an important role in a large range of light-matter interactions. In this paper we obtain a direct insight into the Coulomb interaction and resolve, for the first time, the phase accumulated by the laser-driven electron as it interacts with the Coulomb potential. Applying extreme-ultraviolet interferometry enables us to resolve this phase with attosecond precision over a large energy range. Our findings identify a strong laser-Coulomb coupling, going beyond the standard recollision picture within the strong-field framework. Transformation of the results to the time domain reveals Coulomb-induced delays of the electrons along their trajectories, which vary by tens of attoseconds with the laser field intensity.
Reducing the Proportion of Children Living in Poverty in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania A Program Plan Using Agile Strategy and Collective Impact
Creators: name: Pless, Victoria
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Child poverty (defined as the percentage of children younger than age 18 who live in households below the poverty threshold) is a problem in the United States (America’s Health Rankings, 2019b) that causes many health concerns beginning in childhood that can continue into adulthood. Children living in poverty is also an issue in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania where the state capital is located. Public, faith and nonprofit organizations work to develop programming that can be used to support efforts to mitigate child poverty through means such as strategic planning which can be an effective strategy to mitigate health and social issues. However, strategies are needed to reduce child poverty. This project aims to examine two such strategies: agile strategy and collective impact, and the way in which combining these two processes, along with process evaluation, may assist governmental and nonprofit agencies in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania in lowering rates of child poverty.
Templating the morphology of soft microgel assemblies using a nanolithographic 3D-printed membrane
Creators: name: Linkhorst, John
name: Lölsberg, Jonas
name: Thill, Sebastian
name: Lohaus, Johannes
name: Lüken, Arne
name: Naegele, Gerhard
name: Wessling, Matthias
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500
subject: 600

description: Filter cake formation is the predominant phenomenon limiting the filtration performance of membrane separation processes. However, the filter cake’s behavior at the particle scale, which determines its overall cake behavior, has only recently come into the focus of scientists, leaving open questions about its formation and filtration behavior. The present study contributes to the fundamental understanding of soft filter cakes by analyzing the influence of the porous membrane’s morphology on crystal formation and the compaction behavior of soft filter cakes under filtration conditions. Microfluidic chips with nanolithographic imprinted filter templates were used to trigger the formation of crystalline colloidal filter cakes formed by soft microgels. The soft filter cakes were observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) under dead-end filtration conditions. Colloidal crystal formation in the cake, as well as their compaction behavior, were analyzed by optical visualization and pressure data. For the first time, we show that exposing the soft cake to a crystalline filter template promotes the formation of colloidal crystallites and that soft cakes experience gradient compression during filtration.
Assessing the Impact of Computer-Modified Visual Information on Political Beliefs - Study 2
Creators: name: Ternovski, John
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This study aims to measure the impact of warnings about computer-generated modifications attached to a video clip of a real US politician in terms of three outcome variables of interest: 1) participants’ belief in the statements made in the video 2) how favorable they feel about the politician 3) and whether skepticism toward modified and un-modified videos increases.