cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear entanglement witnesses for four qubits in mutually unbiased bases
Creators: name: Aghayar, K.
name: Heshmati, A.
name: Jafarizadeh, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement witness is a Hermitian operator that is useful for detecting the genuine multipartite entanglement of mixed states. Nonlinear entanglement witnesses have the advantage of a wider detection range in the entangled region. We construct genuine entanglement witnesses for four qubits density matrices in the mutually unbiased basis. First, we find the convex feasible region with positive partial transpose states. Then, to reveal the entangled regions, we present some appropriate linear entanglement witnesses and, we find the envelope of this family of linear witnesses as a nonlinear witness. Finally, we study thermal entanglement and we show for some Hamiltonians the witnesses can detect the entanglement at all temperatures.
description: This is the last version before publication in "Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment"
(400264) Cecelia J [Isabella] Christie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Inequivalence of nonequilibrium path ensembles: the example of stochastic bridges
Creators: name: Szavits-Nossan, J.
name: Evans, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stochastic processes in which the trajectories are constrained so that the process realises a large deviation of the unconstrained process. In particular we consider stochastic bridges and the question of inequivalence of path ensembles between the microcanonical ensemble, in which the end points of the trajectory are constrained, and the canonical or s ensemble in which a bias or tilt is introduced into the process. We show how ensemble inequivalence can be manifested by the phenomenon of temporal condensation in which the large deviation is realised in a vanishing fraction of the duration (for long durations). For diffusion processes we find that condensation happens whenever the process is subject to a confining potential, such as for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, but not in the borderline case of dry friction in which there is partial ensemble equivalence. We also discuss continuous-space, discrete-time random walks for which in the case of a heavy tailed step-size distribution it is known that the large deviation may be achieved in a single step of the walk. Finally we consider possible effects of several constraints on the process and in particular give an alternative explanation of the interaction-driven condensation in terms of constrained Brownian excursions.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, minor revision
SKF-83959 is not a highly-biased functionally selective D1 dopamine receptor ligand with activity at phospholipase C
Creators: name: Mailman, Richard B.
name: Blake, Daniel
name: Murthy, Vishakantha
name: Kant, Andrew
name: Lee, Sang Min
name: Wyrick, Steven J.
name: Boyd, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: SKF-83959 [6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine] is reported to be a functionally selective dopamine D1 receptor ligand with high bias for D1-mediated phospholipase C (PLC) versus D1-coupled adenylate cyclase signaling. This signaling bias is proposed to explain behavioral activity in both rat and primate Parkinson’s disease models, and a D1-D2 heterodimer has been proposed as the underlying mechanism. We have conducted an in-depth pharmacological characterization of this compound in dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in both rat brain and heterologous systems expressing human D1 or D2 receptors. Contrary to common assumptions, SKF-83959 is similar to the classical, well-characterized partial agonist SKF38393 in all systems. It is a partial agonist (not an antagonist) at adenylate cyclase in vitro and ex vivo, and is a partial agonist in D1-mediated β-arrestin recruitment. Contrary to earlier reports, it does not have D1-mediated effects on PLC signaling in heterologous systems. Because drug metabolites can also contribute, its 3-N-demethylated analog also was synthesized and tested. As expected from the known structure-activity relationships of the benzazepines, this compound also had high affinity for the D1 receptor and somewhat higher intrinsic activity than the parent ligand, and also might contribute to in vivo effects of SKF-83959. Together, these data demonstrate that SKF-83959 is not a highly-biased functionally selective D1 ligand, and that its reported behavioral data can be explained solely by its partial D1 agonism in canonical signaling pathway(s). Mechanisms that have been proposed based on the purported signaling novelty of SKF-83959 at PLC should be reconsidered.
Linear stability of the n-gon relative equilibria of the (1+n)-body problem
Creators: name: Xu, Xingbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the linear stabilities of the regular n-gon relative equilibria of the (1+n)-body problem. It is shown that there exist at most two kinds of infinitesimal bodies arranged alternatively at the vertices of a regular n-gon when n is even, and only one set of identical infinitesimal bodies when n is odd. In the case of n even, the regular n-gon relative equilibrium is shown to be linearly stable when n>=14. In each case of n=8,10,12, linear stability can also be preserved if the ratio of two kinds of masses belongs to an open interval. When n is odd, the related conclusion on the linear stability is recalled.
description: published in 2013
Ефективність використання основних виробничих фондів вантажних автотранспортних підприємств в умовах трансформації суспільно-економічних відносин : дисертація
Creators: name: Vashkiv, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 140217 Transport Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Economics

description: В роботі аналізуються величина і структура основних виробничих фондів вантажних автотранспортних підприємств та особливості їх відтворення в умовах трансформації суспільно-економічних відносин. На базі статистичного матеріалу вантажних АТП Івано-Франківської, Львівської та Тернопільської областей з’ясовується вплив виробничих факторів на рівень фондовіддачі основних фондів, виявляються резерви її підвищення. Вмотивовано необхідність адаптивних якісних змін в управлінні і реалізації виробничого потенціалу та активізації інновацій у сфері вантажних автоперевезень, дано науково обґрунтовані рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності використання основних виробничих фондів вантажних автогосподарств в сучасних економічних умовах.
This work investigates the structure of basic industrial funds of cargo motor transport enterprises and peculiarities of the processes of their reproduction in the conditions of social and economic relations transformation.
On the basis of statistic data of cargo-motor transport enterprises of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Ternopil regions the author investigates the effect of production factors on the level of capital productivity of the basic funds, he determines reserves of its increase. The author motivates the necessity of adaptive qualitative changes in the management and realization of industrial potential and innovations activization in the sphere of cargo motor transportations, scientiffically grounded recommendations for efficiency increase of the usage of basic industrial funds of cargo motor transportation enterprises in modern economic conditions are provided in this work.
Theoretical Clues to the Ultraviolet Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Brown, Peter J.
name: Baron, E.
name: Milne, Peter
name: Roming, Peter W. A.
name: Wang, Lifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of metallicity on the observed light of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) could lead to systematic errors as the absolute magnitudes of local and distant SNe Ia are compared to measure luminosity distances and determine cosmological parameters. The UV light may be especially sensitive to metallicity, though different modeling methods disagree as to the magnitude, wavelength dependence, and even the sign of the effect. The outer density structure, ^56 Ni, and to a lesser degree asphericity, also impact the UV. We compute synthetic photometry of various metallicity-dependent models and compare to UV/optical photometry from the Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope. We find that the scatter in the mid-UV to near-UV colors is larger than predicted by changes in metallicity alone and is not consistent with reddening. We demonstrate that a recently employed method to determine relative abundances using UV spectra can be done using UVOT photometry, but we warn that accurate results require an accurate model of the cause of the variations. The abundance of UV photometry now available should provide constraints on models that typically rely on UV spectroscopy for constraining metallicity, density, and other parameters. Nevertheless, UV spectroscopy for a variety of SN explosions is still needed to guide the creation of accurate models. A better understanding of the influences affecting the UV is important for using SNe Ia as cosmological probes, as the UV light may test whether SNe Ia are significantly affected by evolutionary effects.
description: 10 pages. Submitted to ApJ
When a good taste turns bad: Neural mechanisms underlying the emergence of negative affect and associated natural reward devaluation by cocaine
Creators: name: West, Elizabeth A.
name: Carelli, Regina M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: An important feature of cocaine addiction in humans is the emergence of negative affect (e.g., dysphoria, irritability, anhedonia), postulated to play a key role in craving and relapse. Indeed, the DSM-IV recognizes that social, occupational and/or recreational activities become reduced as a consequence of repeated drug use where previously rewarding experiences (e.g., food, job, family) become devalued as the addict continues to seek and use drug despite serious negative consequences. Here, research in the Carelli laboratory is reviewed that examined neurobiological mechanisms that may underlie these processes using a novel animal model. Oromotor responses (taste reactivity) were examined as rats learned that intraoral infusion of a sweet (e.g., saccharin) predicts impending but delayed access to cocaine self-administration. We showed that rats exhibit aversive taste reactivity (i.e., gapes/rejection responses) during infusion of the sweet paired with impending cocaine, similar to aversive responses observed during infusion of quinine, a bitter tastant. Critically, the expression of this pronounced aversion to the sweet predicted the subsequent motivation to self-administer cocaine. Electrophysiology studies show that this shift in palatability corresponds to an alteration in nucleus accumbens (NAc) cell firing; neurons that previously responded with inhibition during infusion of the palatable sweet shifted to excitatory activity during infusion of the cocaine-devalued tastant. This excitatory response profile is typically observed during infusion of quinine, indicating that the once palatable sweet becomes aversive following its association with impending but delayed cocaine, and NAc neurons encode this aversive state. We also review electrochemical studies showing a shift (from increase to decrease) in rapid NAc dopamine release during infusion of the cocaine-paired tastant as the aversive state developed, again, resulting in responses similar to quinine infusion. Collectively, our findings suggest that cocaine-conditioned cues elicit a cocaine-need state that is aversive, is encoded by a distinct subset of NAc neurons and rapid dopamine signaling, and promotes cocaine-seeking behavior. Finally, we present data showing that experimentally induced abstinence (30 days) exacerbates this natural reward devaluation by cocaine, and this effect is correlated with a greater motivation to lever press during extinction. Dissecting the neural mechanisms underlying these detrimental consequences of addiction is critical since it may lead to novel treatments that ameliorate negative affective states associated with drug use and decrease the drive (craving) for the drug.
Effects of chronic ethanol exposure on neuronal function in the prefrontal cortex and extended amygdala
Creators: name: Kash, Thomas L.
name: Maldonado-Devincci, Antoniette M.
name: Pleil, Kristen E.
name: Lowery-Gionta, Emily G.
name: Morrow, A. Leslie
name: McCall, Nora M.
name: Marcinkiewcz, Catherine A.
name: Crowley, Nicole A.
name: Rose, Jamie H.
name: Li, Chia
name: Jones, Sara R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal leads to anxiety, escalated alcohol drinking behavior, and alcohol dependence. Alterations in the function of key structures within the cortico-limbic neural circuit have been implicated in underlying the negative behavioral consequences of chronic alcohol exposure in both humans and rodents. Here, we used chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE) in male C57BL/6J mice to evaluate the effects of chronic alcohol exposure and withdrawal on anxiety-like behavior and basal synaptic function and neuronal excitability in prefrontal cortical and extended amygdala brain regions. Forty-eight hours after four cycles of CIE, mice were either assayed in the marble burying test (MBT) or their brains were harvested and whole-cell electrophysiological recordings were performed in the prelimbic and infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (PLC and ILC), the lateral and medial central nucleus of the amygdala (lCeA and mCeA), and the dorsal and ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST and vBNST). Ethanol-exposed mice displayed increased anxiety in the MBT compared to air-exposed controls, and alterations in neuronal function were observed in all brain structures examined, including several distinct differences between subregions within each structure. Chronic ethanol exposure induced hyperexcitability of the ILC, as well as a shift toward excitation in synaptic drive and hyperexcitability of vBNST neurons; in contrast, there was a net inhibition of the CeA. This study reveals extensive effects of chronic ethanol exposure on the basal function of cortico-limbic brain regions, suggests that there may be complex interactions between these regions in the regulation of ethanol-dependent alterations in anxiety state, and highlights the need for future examination of projection-specific effects of ethanol in cortico-limbic circuitry.
Conociendo la Enzima Sacarasa EC.3.2.1.26
Creators: name: Narváez Osorio, Samantha Gigdém
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: enzimas; sacarasa; hidrólisis; sacarosa; fructosa

description: Resumen La sacarasa es una enzima digestiva encargada de catalizar la hidrólisis de la sacarosa en glucosa y fructosa. Esta consiste en un grupo de enzimas que pueden encontrarse en la levadura y la mucosa intestinal de los animales catalizando la hidrólisis de la sacarosa [1, 2]. Cuando se habla específicamente de la sacarasa, también conocida como invertasa (EC.3.2.1.26), es concebible decir, que esta tiene su origen en la cepa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae descubierta por Bertholet en la levadura de cerveza en el año de 1860. La sacarasa se encarga de catalizar la hidrólisis irreversible de sacarosa en glucosa y fructosa, además es esencial en el transporte y almacenamiento de las plantas, en el metabolismo de carbohidratos, la regulación osmótica, el crecimiento y la transducción de señales [3, 4]. La sacarasa (EC.3.2.1.26) se puede clasificar de acuerdo a su localización subcelular, se puede dividir en sacarosa invertasa de la pared celular, sacarosa invertasa vacuolar y sacarosa invertasa citoplásmica; según el pH, se puede dividir en invertasa ácida e invertasa neutra [4]. La sacarasa como producto comercial es un polvo blanquecino, con una actividad enzimática de 130.000 SU/g (unidad de sacarosa SU equivale a convertir 1 mg de sacarosa en glucosa y fructosa) [3]. Esta enzima también se utiliza para hidrolizar la sacarosa y producir un jarabe invertido que contiene una proporción de 50% glucosa y 50% fructosa, inhibiendo la cristalización de la sacarosa y mejorando la dulzura, sabor y color de los alimentos [4].
description: {"references": ["Aquaportail. Sacarasa: definici\u00f3n, explicaciones [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2022 Nov 22]. Available from: https://www.aquaportail.com/definition-8580-saccharase.html", "Vedantu. Sacarasa [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 22]. Available from: https://www.vedantu.com/biology/sucrase%0A", "Chemical book. Sacarasa [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Nov 22]. Available from: https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_CN_CB6944942.htm", "Baike Baidu. Sacarasa [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Nov 22]. Available from: https://baike.baidu.com/item/\u8517\u7cd6\u9176/1375552"]}
Ethanol induced adaptations in 5-HT2c receptor signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis: Implications for anxiety during ethanol withdrawal
Creators: name: Dorrier, Cayce E.
name: Marcinkiewcz, Catherine A.
name: Lopez, Alberto J.
name: Kash, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: One of the hallmarks of alcohol dependence is the presence of a withdrawal syndrome during abstinence, which manifests as physical craving for alcohol accompanied by subjective feelings of anxiety. Using a model of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor in mice, we investigated the role of serotonin2c signaling in the BNST as a neural substrate underlying ethanol-induced anxiety during withdrawal. Mice were subjected to a 5-day CIE regimen of 16 hours of ethanol vapor exposure followed by an 8 hour “withdrawal” period between exposures. After the 5th and final exposure, mice were withdrawn for 24 hours or 1 week before experiments began. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the social approach, light dark, and open field test with mice showing deficits in social, but not general anxiety-like behavior that was alleviated by pretreatment with the 5HT2c-R antagonist SB 242,084 (3 mg/kg, i.p.) 24 hours and 1 week post-CIE. Using immunohistochemistry and whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology, we also found that CIE increased FOS-IR and enhanced neuronal excitability in the ventral BNST (vBNST) 24 hrs into withdrawal in a 5HT2c-R dependent manner. This enhanced excitability persisted for 1 week post-CIE. We also found that mCPP, a 5HT2c/b agonist, induced a more robust depolarization in cells of the vBNST in CIE mice, confirming that 5HT2c-R signaling is upregulated in the vBNST following CIE. Taken together, these results suggest that CIE upregulates 5HT2c-R signaling in the vBNST, leading to increased excitability. This enhanced excitability of the vBNST may drive increased anxiety-like behavior during ethanol withdrawal.
Thermodynamics and dynamics of atomic self-organization in an optical cavity
Creators: name: Schütz, Stefan
name: Jäger, Simon B.
name: Morigi, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pattern formation of atoms in high-finesse optical resonators results from the mechanical forces of light associated with superradiant scattering into the cavity mode. It occurs when the laser intensity exceeds a threshold value, such that the pumping processes counteract the losses. We consider atoms driven by a laser and coupling with a mode of a standing-wave cavity and describe their dynamics with a Fokker-Planck equation, in which the atomic motion is semiclassical but the cavity field is a full quantum variable. The asymptotic state of the atoms is a thermal state, whose temperature is solely controlled by the detuning between the laser and the cavity frequency and by the cavity loss rate. From this result we derive the free energy and show that in the thermodynamic limit selforganization is a second-order phase transition. The order parameter is the field inside the resonator, to which one can associate a magnetization in analogy to ferromagnetism, the control field is the laser intensity, however the steady state is intrinsically out-of-equilibrium. In the symmetry-broken phase quantum noise induces jumps of the spatial density between two ordered patterns: We characterize the statistical properties of this temporal behaviour at steady state and show that the thermodynamic properties of the system can be extracted by detecting the light at the cavity output. The results of our analysis are in full agreement with previous studies, extend them by deriving a self-consistent theory which is valid also when the cavity field is in the shot-noise limit, and elucidate the nature of the selforganization transition.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures
Analysis of individual items on the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom rating scale in children and adults: the effects of age and sex in pivotal trials of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate
Creators: name: Hamdani, Mohamed
name: Kollins, Scott H.
name: Adler, Lenard A.
name: Childress, Ann C.
name: Dirks, Bryan
name: Weisler, Richard H.
name: Goodman, David W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom presentation across age and sex has not been fully elucidated. The present post hoc analyses qualitatively explored the baseline levels of ADHD symptomatology across subgroups in two clinical trials of children and adults with ADHD to elucidate differences in participant presentation. The response to treatment was examined to determine patterns of response among items of the ADHD Rating Scale IV.
title: Введение в профессиональную деятельность
title: терминологический словарь
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Аронова, Е.
name: Кузнецова, Т.
name: Барсукова, Наталья
name: Москвичева, Елена
name: Базарнова, Юлия
Publisher: name: ПОЛИТЕХ-ПРЕСС
Year: 2020

description: Терминологический словарь содержит минимальный набор терминов, знание которых необходимо для изучения дисциплин по направлениям подготовки бакалавров и магистров 19.03.01, 19.04.01 «Биотехнология», 19.03.04, 19.04.04 «Технология продукции и организация общественного питания», а также пояснения к ним. Словарь имеет перевод терминов на английский язык. Предназначен для иностранных студентов.
(400257) Ann Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Cyclothymic disorder in youth: why is it overlooked, what do we know and where is the field headed?
Creators: name: Youngstrom, Eric A.
name: Van Meter, Anna R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Cyclothymic disorder is a chronic and impairing subtype of bipolar disorder, largely neglected in pediatric research. Consequently, it is rarely diagnosed clinically despite potentially being the most prevalent form of bipolar disorder. Lack of attention has added to confusion about the diagnosis and clinical presentation of cyclothymic disorder. In pediatric studies, cyclothymic disorder is commonly grouped with ‘subthreshold’ presentations of bipolar disorder under the undifferentiated label ‘bipolar disorder not otherwise specified’. However, research indicates that cyclothymic disorder can be reliably distinguished from the other forms of bipolar disorder and from other childhood disorders. Importantly, cyclothymic disorder may be a diathesis for more acute presentations of bipolar disorder, warranting a prominent role in dimensional models of mood and psychopathology. Current evidence suggests that cyclothymic disorder has the potential to make unique contributions to our understanding of the risk factors and outcomes associated with bipolar disorder. This potential has yet to be fully realized, limiting our knowledge and ability to intervene in a meaningful way with youth who are exhibiting symptoms of a major mood disorder. Including cyclothymic disorder in future research studies of children – particularly longitudinal outcome studies – is essential for understanding the developmental trajectory of bipolar spectrum disorders and learning how to accurately diagnosis and treat the full spectrum of bipolar disorders.
(400258) John Snodgrass Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Raman scattering investigation of quasi-one-dimensional superconductor Ta$_{4}$Pd$_{3}$Te$_{16}$
Creators: name: Chen, D.
name: Richard, P.
name: Song, Z. -D.
name: Zhang, W. -L.
name: Wu, S. -F.
name: Jiao, W. H.
name: Fang, Z.
name: Cao, G. -H.
name: Ding, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed polarized Raman scattering measurements on the newly discovered superconductor Ta$_{4}$Pd$_{3}$Te$_{16}$ ($T_c = 4.6$ K). We observe twenty-eight out of thirty-three Raman active modes, with frequencies in good accordance with first-principles calculations. Although most of the phonons observed vary only slightly with temperature and do not exhibit any asymmetric profile that would suggest strong electron-phonon coupling, the linewidth of the A$_{g}$ phonon mode at 89.9 cm$^{-1}$ shows an unconventional increase with temperature decreasing, which is possibly due to a charge-density-wave transition or the emergence of charge-density-wave fluctuations below a temperature estimated to fall in the 140-200 K range.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Responsible AI for labour market equality (BIAS)
Creators: Konnikov, Alla
Rets, Irina
Hughes, Karen D.
Al-Ani, Jabir Alshehabi
Denier, Nicole
Ding, Lei
Hu, Shenggang
Hu, Yang
Jiang, Bei
Kong, Linglong
Tarafdar, Monideepa
Yu, Dengdeng
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

The BIAS case study describes the aims and objectives of the ‘BIAS: Responsible AI for labour market equality’ project, the research process, and the lessons learned at the mid-way point of the project. It draws on two main sources of information: interviews conducted internally with six founding members of the project in August 2021, and a survey of the full team that was conducted in September 2021 to gather information on the backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences of all team members who were currently active in the project. BIAS is an international interdisciplinary project that seeks to understand the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reproducing gender and ethnic biases in labour market processes, such as job postings and hiring, that are increasingly digitalised. The project was motivated by the ‘digital turn’ in contemporary labour markets and growing concerns over the role of AI in reproducing and exacerbating market inequalities. The BIAS project speaks directly to several themes and national priority agendas in Canada and the UK, including the rise of AI and gender and racial disparities in hiring, pay gaps and innovative practices, since both countries embrace digital transformations as part of their economic and industrial strategies. The BIAS project was supported by the Canada-UK Artificial Intelligence Initiative which was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) in Canada and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in the U.K.
Advanced statistical methods for eye movement analysis and modeling: a gentle introduction
Creators: name: Boccignone, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: G.3; I.5; I.4

description: In this Chapter we show that by considering eye movements, and in particular, the resulting sequence of gaze shifts, a stochastic process, a wide variety of tools become available for analyses and modelling beyond conventional statistical methods. Such tools encompass random walk analyses and more complex techniques borrowed from the pattern recognition and machine learning fields. After a brief, though critical, probabilistic tour of current computational models of eye movements and visual attention, we lay down the basis for gaze shift pattern analysis. To this end, the concepts of Markov Processes, the Wiener process and related random walks within the Gaussian framework of the Central Limit Theorem will be introduced. Then, we will deliberately violate fundamental assumptions of the Central Limit Theorem to elicit a larger perspective, rooted in statistical physics, for analysing and modelling eye movements in terms of anomalous, non-Gaussian, random walks and modern foraging theory. Eventually, by resorting to machine learning techniques, we discuss how the analyses of movement patterns can develop into the inference of hidden patterns of the mind: inferring the observer's task, assessing cognitive impairments, classifying expertise.
description: Draft of Chapter to appear in "An introduction to the scientific foundations of eye movement research and its applications"
Orienting to social stimuli differentiates social cognitive impairment in autism and schizophrenia
Creators: name: Piven, Joseph
name: Sasson, Noah
name: Penn, David L.
name: Hurley, Robert
name: Tsuchiya, Naotsugu
name: Couture, Shannon M.
name: Adolphs, Ralph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Both autism and schizophrenia feature deficits in aspects of social cognition that may be related to amygdala dysfunction, but it is unclear whether these are similar or different patterns of impairment. We compared the visual scanning patterns and emotion judgments of individuals with autism, individuals with schizophrenia and controls on a task well characterized with respect to amygdala functioning. On this task, eye movements of participants are recorded as they assess emotional content within a series of complex social scenes where faces are either included or digitally erased. Results indicated marked abnormalities in visual scanning for both disorders. Controls increased their gaze on face regions when faces were present to a significantly greater degree than both the autism or schizophrenia groups. While the control and the schizophrenia groups oriented to face regions faster when faces were present compared to when they were absent, the autism group oriented at the same rate in both conditions. The schizophrenia group, meanwhile, exhibited a delay in orienting to face regions across both conditions, although whether anti-psychotic medication contributed to this effect is unclear. These findings suggest that while processing emotional information in social scenes, both individuals with autism and individuals with schizophrenia fixate faces less than controls, although only those with autism fail to orient to faces more rapidly based on the presence of facial information. Autism and schizophrenia may therefore share an abnormality in utilizing facial information for assessing emotional content in social scenes, but differ in the ability to seek out socially relevant cues from complex stimuli. Impairments in social orienting are discussed within the context of evidence suggesting the role of the amygdala in orienting to emotionally meaningful information.
Role of the medial temporal lobes in relational memory: Neuropsychological evidence from a cued recognition paradigm
Creators: name: Verfaellie, Mieke
name: Makris, Nikos
name: Giovanello, Kelly S.
name: Schnyer, David M.
name: Kan, Irene P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: In this study, we examined the role of the hippocampus in relational memory by comparing item recognition performance in amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage and their matched controls. Specifically, we investigated the contribution of associative memory to item recognition using a cued recognition paradigm. Control subjects studied cue-target pairs once, whereas amnesic patients studied cue-target pairs six times. Following study, subjects made recognition judgments about targets that were presented either alone (no cue), with the originally presented cue (same cue), or with a cue that had been presented with a different target (recombined cue). Controls had higher recognition scores in the same cue than in the recombined cue condition, indicating that they benefited from the associative information provided by the same cue. By contrast, amnesic patients did not. This was true even for a subgroup of patients whose recognition performance in the no cue condition was matched to that of the controls. These data provide further support for the idea that the hippocampus plays a critical role in relational memory, even when associative information need not be retrieved intentionally.
(400259) William Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Runs in labelled trees and mappings
Creators: name: Lackner, Marie-Louise
name: Panholzer, Alois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05A16, 05A19

description: We generalize the concept of ascending and descending runs from permutations to rooted labelled trees and mappings, i.e., functions from the set $\{1, \dots, n\}$ into itself. A combinatorial decomposition of the corresponding functional digraph together with a generating functions approach allows us to perform a joint study of ascending and descending runs in labelled trees and mappings, respectively. From the given characterization of the respective generating functions we can deduce bivariate central limit theorems for these quantities. Furthermore, for ascending runs (or descending runs) we gain explicit enumeration formulae showing a connection to Stirling numbers of the second kind. We also give a bijective proof establishing this relation, and further state a bijection between mappings and labelled trees connecting the quantities in both structures.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
A DINÂMICA IMOBILIÁRIA E AS CONTRADIÇÕES SOCIOESPACIAIS NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO URBANO NO BAIRRO CAMOBI, SANTA MARIA - RS
Creators: name: da Silva Schimoia, Ana Paula
name: Pedroso, Caetano
name: Amaral, Eduardo
name: Soares, Gabriel
name: Franz, Juliano
name: Ozores, Ricardo
name: Lampert Batista, Natália
name: Pinós da Costa, Benhur
name: Kumpfer Werlang, MAURO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A pesquisa objetivou analisar particularidades referentes à dinâmica imobiliária estudando as contradições socioespaciais na construção do espaço urbano no bairro Camobi em Santa Maria - RS.
(400260) Emily Isabella Disney Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400253) Thomas Page
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ZnS Filters radiation test report
Creators: name: STEFANI, STEFANIA
name: PICCIONI, GIUSEPPE
name: BOCCACCINI, Angelo
name: BIONDI, David
name: ZAMBELLI, MASSIMO
Publisher: name: IAPS Roma
Year: 2023

description: The present document reports the tests performed on a representative set of dichroic samples of the MAJIS (Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer) instrument which is part of JUICE (Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer) ESA mission. The dichroic shall withstands the Jupiter and the icy moons electron radiation environment without any permanent degradation at the end of the mission. To verify the effect of the electron flux on the optical performances of the dichroic, transmittance and reflectance measurements have been repeated after each irradiation test performed.
An affective circumplex model of neural systems subserving valence, arousal, and cognitive overlay during the appraisal of emotional faces
Creators: name: Gorman, Daniel
name: Russell, James
name: Peterson, Bradley S.
name: Posner, Jonathan
name: Colibazzi, Tiziano
name: Gerber, Andrew J.
name: Yu, Shan
name: Kangarlu, Alayar
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Wang, Zhishun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Increasing evidence supports the existence of distinct neural systems that subserve two dimensions of affect – arousal and valence. Ten adult participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during which they were presented a range of standardized faces and then asked, during the scan, to rate the emotional expressions of the faces along the dimensions of arousal and valence. Lower ratings of arousal accompanied greater activity in the amygdala complex, cerebellum, dorsal pons, and right medial prefrontal cortex. More negative ratings of valence accompanied greater activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate and parietal cortices. Extreme ratings of valence (highly positive and highly negative ratings) accompanied greater activity in the temporal cortex and fusiform gyrus. Building on an empirical literature which suggests that the amygdala serves as a salience and ambiguity detector, we interpret our findings as showing that a face rated has having low arousal is more ambiguous and a face rated as having extreme valence is more personally salient. This explains how both low arousal and extreme valence lead to greater activation of an ambiguity/salience system subserved by the amygdala, cerebellum, and dorsal pons. In addition, the right medial prefrontal cortex appears to down-regulate individual ratings of arousal, whereas the fusiform and related temporal cortices seem to up-regulate individual assessments of extreme valence when individual ratings are studied relative to group reference ratings for each stimulus. The simultaneous assessment of the effects of arousal and valence proved essential for the identification of neural systems contributing to the processing of emotional faces.
Follow-up observations of time-domain science cases at ESO
Creators: name: Mehner, Andrea
name: Corral-Santana, Jesus M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Time-domain
ESO
VLT

description: Time-domain astrophysics comprises a vast array of phenomena, spanning from solar system objects to periodic variables, massive star eruptions, novae, supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, tidal disruption events, fast radio bursts, active galactic nuclei, and microlensing. Multi-messenger astrophysics is starting to become a powerful investigative tool and within the next decade several missions and facilities will explore the timevarying Universe. ESO’s instrumentation suit is ideal for coordinated follow-up efforts, but are we prepared for it in terms of tools and procedures?
SLab Web Data Manager
Creators: name: CARRARO, Francesco
Publisher: name: IAPS Roma
Year: 2023

description: The SLab Web Data Manager is a tool developed for helping activities in IAPS SLab structure. The web app has the main goal of allowing researchers in retrieving and analyzing spectra saved during the acquisition sessions. In this user manual it will be explained how the web application works as web API for SLab Data Manager app, for managing users’ registration, and the describes the beginning of the work for letting users to search and visualize raw and processed spectra into the SLab database (At the time this manual is being written, this section of the web app is in initial development phase).
Are Gibbs-type priors the most natural generalization of the Dirichlet process?
Creators: name: De Blasi, P.
name: Favaro, S.
name: Lijoi, A.
name: Mena, R. H.
name: Pruenster, I.
name: Ruggiero, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discrete random probability measures and the exchangeable random partitions they induce are key tools for addressing a variety of estimation and prediction problems in Bayesian inference. Indeed, many popular nonparametric priors, such as the Dirichlet and the Pitman-Yor process priors, select discrete probability distributions almost surely and, therefore, automatically induce exchangeable random partitions. Here we focus on the family of Gibbs-type priors, a recent and elegant generalization of the Dirichlet and the Pitman-Yor process priors. These random probability measures share properties that are appealing both from a theoretical and an applied point of view: (i) they admit an intuitive characterization in terms of their predictive structure justifying their use in terms of a precise assumption on the learning mechanism; (ii) they stand out in terms of mathematical tractability; (iii) they include several interesting special cases besides the Dirichlet and the Pitman-Yor processes. The goal of our paper is to provide a systematic and unified treatment of Gibbs-type priors and highlight their implications for Bayesian nonparametric inference. We will deal with their distributional properties, the resulting estimators, frequentist asymptotic validation and the construction of time-dependent versions. Applications, mainly concerning hierarchical mixture models and species sampling, will serve to convey the main ideas. The intuition inherent to this class of priors and the neat results that can be deduced for it lead one to wonder whether it actually represents the most natural generalization of the Dirichlet process.
description: 5 figures
Neural correlates of familiarity-based associative retrieval
Creators: name: Giovanello, Kelly S.
name: Verfaellie, Mieke
name: Ford, Jaclyn Hennessey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The current study compared the neural correlates of associative retrieval of compound (unitized) stimuli and unrelated (non-unitized) stimuli. Although associative recognition was nearly identical for compounds and unrelated pairs, accurate recognition of these different pair types was associated with activation in distinct regions within the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Recognition of previously presented compound words was associated with left perirhinal activity, whereas recognition of unrelated word pairs was associated with activity in left hippocampus. These results provide evidence that perirhinal cortex mediates familiarity-based associative memory of stimuli unitized at encoding, while the hippocampus is required for recollection-based associative memory.