cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Response to language barriers with patients from refugee background in general practice in Australia: findings from the OPTIMISE study
Creators: name: Saito, Shoko
name: Harris, Mark F
name: Long, Katrina M
name: Lewis, Virginia
name: Casey, Sue
name: Hogg, William
name: Cheng, I-Hao
name: Advocat, Jenny
name: Marsh, Geraldine
name: Gunatillaka, Nilakshi
name: Russell, Grant
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Additional information on the OPTIMISE intervention. Appendix 2: Table A-1. Responsibility of establishing the need for and booking an interpreter by group (Multiple responses, Baseline). Table A-2. Confidence of GPs arranging an interpreter. Table A-3. Perceived barriers related to the engagement of credentialed interpreters before and after intervention reported by GPs (Multiple responses)
Exact Essential-Hazard-Free State Minimization of Incompletely Specified Asynchronous Sequential Machines
Creators: name: Cheng, Fu-Chiung
name: Plana, Luis A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: To insure correct dynamic behaviour of asynchronous sequential machines, hazards must be eliminated for they may cause malfunctions of the whole system. However, Hazard-free state minimization has received almost no prior attention in the literature. This paper describes an exact algorithm for essential-hazard-free state minimization of incompletely specified asynchronous sequential machines. Novel techniques for the elimination of apparent and potential essential hazards are proposed and exploited in our algorithm. The algorithm has been implemented and applied to over a dozen asynchronous sequential machines. Results are compared with results of non-essential-hazard-free method SIS. Most of the tested cases can be reduced to essential hazard free flow tables.
Effects of Regulatory Mode on Order Effects in Health Information Processing
Creators: name: Fernandez, Jessica Renee
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social psychology

description: The present research examined the influence of individuals’ motivational tendencies, specifically, regulatory mode (Kruglanski et al., 2000), on information processing and the presence of order effects when recalling a given set of information (i.e. primacy/ recency effects, Murdock, 1962). Three studies investigated the effects of regulatory mode on attention and order effects using a free recall paradigm with both general and health information. Mediating variables included attention measured using eye tracking methods (Study 1) and willingness to search memory measured in time spent retrieving items for each list (Studies 1 & 2). Situational effects were also considered (Study 3, the moderating role of treatment information severity). The results generally did not support the hypotheses related to regulatory mode and order effects. Potential explanations, including considerations for theory and/or study design are discussed along with implications for future research directions.
PGMAKE: A Portable Distributed Make System
Creators: name: Lih, Andrew
name: Zadok, Erez
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: We describe pgmake, which extends the GNU project‘s make utility to support distributed job execution using the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) package from Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These two packages were chosen because of their high level of portability to different architectures, free source code distribution policy and availability to the public. Using medium-sized farms of modest performing workstations, our system has achieved software build times faster than expensive high-speed uni- and multiprocessors. The highly portable code additions make this implementation easy to port among various platforms.
Microscopic theory for a ferromagnetic-nanowire/superconductor heterostructure: Transport, fluctuations and topological superconductivity
Creators: name: Takei, So
name: Galitski, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent experiment of Wang et al. [Nature Physics 6, 389 (2010)], who observed a highly unusual transport behavior of ferromagnetic Cobalt nanowires proximity-coupled to superconducting electrodes, we study proximity effect and temperature-dependent transport in such a mesoscopic hybrid structure. It is assumed that the asymmetry in the tunneling barrier gives rise to the Rashba spin-orbit-coupling in the barrier that enables induced p-wave superconductivity in the ferromagnet to exist. We first develop a microscopic theory of Andreev scattering at the spin-orbit-coupled interface, derive a set of self-consistent boundary conditions, and find an expression for the p-wave minigap in terms of the microscopic parameters of the contact. Second, we study temperature-dependence of the resistance near the superconducting transition and find that it should generally feature a fluctuation-induced peak. The upturn in resistance is related to the suppression of the single-particle density of states due to the formation of fluctuating pairs, whose tunneling is suppressed. In conclusion, we discuss this and related setups involving ferromagnetic nanowires in the context of one-dimensional topological superconductors. It is argued that to realize unpaired end Majorana modes, one does not necessarily need a half-metallic state, but a partial spin polarization may suffice. Finally, we propose yet another related class of material systems -- ferromagnetic semiconductor wires coupled to ferromagnetic superconductors -- where direct realization of Kitaev-Majorana model should be especially straightforward.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
A Paradigm for Decentralized Process Modeling and Its Realization in the Oz Environment
Creators: name: Ben-Shaul, Israel Z.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: A Paradigm for Decentralized Process Modeling and its Realization in the Oz Environment Israel Z. Ben-Shaul This dissertation investigates decentralization of software processes and Process Centered Environments (PCEs), and addresses a wide range of issues concerned with supporting interoperability and collaboration among autonomous and heterogeneous processes, both in their definition and in their execution in possibly physically dispersed PCEs. Decentralization is addressed at three distinct levels of abstraction. The first proposes a generic conceptual model that is both language- and PCE-independent. The second level explores the realization of the model in a specific PCE, Oz, and its rule-based process modeling language. The third level addresses architectural issues in interconnecting autonomous PCEs as a basis for process interoperability. Two key concerns guide this research. The first is maximizing local autonomy, so as not to force a priori any global constraints on the definition and execution of local processes, unless explicitly and voluntarily specified by a particular process instance. The second concern is tailorability, dynamicity and fine-grained control over the degree of interoperability. The essence of the interoperability model lies in two abstraction mechanisms -- Treaty and Summit-- for inter-process definition and execution, respectively. Treaties enable to specify shared sub-processes while retaining the privacy of local sub-processes. To promote autonomy, Treaties are established by explicit and active participation of the involved processes. To promote fine granularity, Treaties are defined pairwise between two collaborating processes and formed over a possibly small sub-process unit, although multisite Treaties over large shared sub-processes can be constructed, if desired. Finally, Treaties are superimposed on top of pre-existing instantiated processes, enabling their dynamic and incremental establishment and supporting a decentralized bottom-up approach. Summits are the execution counterparts of Treaties. They support “global“ execution of shared sub-processes involving artifacts and/or users from multiple sites, as well as local execution of private sub-processes. Summits successively alternate between shared and private execution modes, where the former is used for synchronous execution of shared activities, and the latter for autonomous execution of any private subtasks emanating from the shared activities as defined in the local processes.
https://aero.umd.edu/graduate/graduate-student-forms
Creators: name: Kumar, Rubbel
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Aerospace engineering
subject: Computational physics
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Blast Wave
subject: Head Form
subject: Helmet
subject: IED
subject: Overpressure
subject: Shock Tube

description: The increased use of explosives in military conflicts has been linked to an increase in the number of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Assessing the effectiveness of personal protective equipment to mitigate TBIs requires both the ability to replicate the pressure signatures caused by blast waves and an understanding of the interaction between blast waves and human bodies. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to understand the effect of varying different shock tube design parameters and to propose guidelines for selecting shock tube designs to accurately replicate blast wave pressure signatures representative of free-field explosive events. Additionally, a CFD model was developed to represent a shock tube built to mimic the primary overpressure magnitude and impulse loading on the human head surface as a result of free-field explosive events. This model was used to aid in the understanding of flow within the shock tube, characterize the applied pressure loading to a bare head form, augment experimental findings to fully understand the influence of headborne systems on pressure applied to the human head, and support the design of optimized laboratory test methodologies to represent a broad range of free-field blast events.
Interest and Predictability: Deciding What to Learn, When to Learn
Creators: name: Lebowitz, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Inductive learning, which involves largely structural comparisons of examples, and explanation-based learning, a knowledge-intensive method for analyzing examples to build generalized schemas, are two major learning techniques used in AI. In this paper, we show how a combination of the two methods - applying generalization-based techniques during the course of inductive learning - can achieve the power of explanation-based learning without some of the computational problems that arise in domains lacking detailed explanatory rules. We show how the ideas predictability and interest can be particulary valuable in this text.
Evolution of shell structure in neutron-rich calcium isotopes
Creators: name: Hagen, G.
name: Hjorth-Jensen, M.
name: Jansen, G. R.
name: Machleidt, R.
name: Papenbrock, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ interactions from chiral effective field theory and compute the binding energies and low-lying excitations of calcium isotopes with the coupled-cluster method. Effects of three-nucleon forces are included phenomenologically as in-medium two-nucleon interactions, and the coupling to the particle continuum is taken into account using a Berggren basis. The computed ground-state energies and the low-lying 2+ states for the isotopes 42,48,50,52Ca are in good agreement with data, and we predict the excitation energy of the first 2+ state in 54Ca at 1.9 MeV, displaying only a weak sub-shell closure. In the odd-mass nuclei 53,55,61Ca we find that the positive parity states deviate strongly from the naive shell model.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; small correction of effective 3NF and slight change of the corresponding parameters; updated figures and tables; main results and conclusions unchanged
Integrating, Customizing, and Extending Environments with a Message-Based Architecture
Creators: name: Arnold, John E.
name: Popovich, Steven S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: Message-based architectures have typically been used for integrating an engineer‘s set of tools as in FIELD and SoftBench. This paper presents our experience using a message-based architecture to integrate complex, multi-user environments. Where this style of control integration has been effective for encapsulating independent tools within an environment, we show that these techniques are also useful for integrating environments themselves. Our experience comes from our integration of two types of process-centered software development environments: a groupware application that implements a Fagan-style code inspection process and a software development process environment where code inspection is a single step in the overall process. We use a message-based mechanism to federate the two process engines such that the two process formalisms complement rather than compete with each other. Moreover, we see that the two process engines can provide some synergy when used in a single, integrated software process environment, Specifically, the integrated environment uses the process modeling and enactment services of one process engine to customize and extend the code inspection process implemented in a different process engine. The customization and extension of the original collaborative application was accomplished without modifying the application. This was possible because the integration mechanism was designed for multi-user, distributed evironments and encouraged the use of an environment‘s services by other environments. The results of our study indicate that the message-based architecture originally conceived for tool-oriented control integration is equally well-suited for environment integration.
LPS Algorithms: A Critical Analysis
Creators: name: Lowry, Andy
name: Taylor, Stephen
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: We are interested in high speed execution of logic programs using a particular model of parallel computing devices. In a companion paper we present a detailed explanation of current implementation strategies and develop an abstract proof procedure encompassing those algorithms as well as the standard sequential Prolog algorithm. Here we explore a number of alternative strategies and provide a comparative analysis in the context of that abstract procedure. We investigate issues of performance, storage requirements, and applicability of the algorithms under various assumptions concerning the program under execution.
Reovirus oncolysis and determinants of susceptibility
Creators: name: Alain, Tommy
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 226-263
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Reovirus represents a promising novel anti-cancer therapeutic and is presently being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of diverse human cancers. The following dissertation aims to investigate the efficacy of reovirus as a cancer therapeutic and determine the factors that contribute to cellular susceptibility to oncolysis. My investigations led to a complete re-defining of the initial basis of reovirus oncolysis in which oncogenic Ras transformation was suggested to exclusively dictate permissiveness to therapy by releasing a block in viral gene translation, present in resistant cells. In this thesis, I demonstrate the therapeutic potential of reovirus against models of human lymphoid and epithelial malignancies, as well as a model of carcinogen-induced colon carcinomas in immunocompetent animals. I also outline several cell lines that exhibit a high resistance to reovirus oncolysis, and study persistent reovirus infection as a tool to be used in deciphering the molecular mechanism behind acquired resistance to reovirus. I find that resistant cells can be efficiently infected with tumor-adapted reovirus variants bearing mutations in their outer capsid proteins. I then demonstrate that infection with reovirus stripped of its outer capsid proteins by proteases, as well as the direct addition of protease into the culture medium of cells, renders previously restrictive cells susceptible to reovirus oncolysis. In contrast with the original model of reovirus oncolysis, my findings led to the discovery that proteolytic reovirus disassembly is a key determinant of reovirus oncolysis. As increased proteolytic activity within cancer cells is frequent, I conclude that this aberration in malignancies primarily dictates the permissiveness of cancers to reovirus, thereby proposing novel avenues for the optimization of reovirus oncolytic therapy.
Detection of negative effective magnetic pressure instability in turbulence simulations
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Kemel, Koen
name: Kleeorin, Nathan
name: Mitra, Dhrubaditya
name: Rogachevskii, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first demonstration of the negative effective magnetic pressure instability in direct numerical simulations of stably stratified, externally forced, isothermal hydromagnetic turbulence in the regime of large plasma beta. By the action of this instability, an initially uniform horizontal magnetic field forms flux concentrations whose scale is large compared to the turbulent scale. We further show that the magnetic energy of these large-scale structures is only weakly dependent on the magnetic Reynolds number, provided its value is large enough for the instability to be excited. Our results support earlier mean-field calculations and analytic work which identified this instability. Applications to the formation of active regions in the Sun are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, published in ApJL
Legal Background to the Low Profitability of Japanese Enterprises
Creators: name: Kinoshita, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Labor economics
Asians
Management

description: Japanese enterprises have shown low profitability for quite some time now. This paper presents several hypotheses regarding the influence of Japan’s legal systems on this phenomenon. The laws discussed in this paper cover not only corporate law but also ‘enterprise law’ as a whole, including bankruptcy law, capital markets law and civil litigation law. Besides, I examine not only the ‘laws on the book’ but also ‘legal systems in practice’. As for the research design of this paper, I identify major differences in the enterprise laws among Japan, the United States, and Germany. On the other hand, I assume incentive structures of the parties concerned, such as management, shareholders, creditors, investors and regulators that they play their role on the basis of economic rationality. Then I combine both examinations so as to consider the possible effects caused by the differences in legal systems. Under this approach, this paper discusses the individual law system that may influence the behavior of the enterprises. First I discuss the business reorganization system. Here I point out Japanese enterprises might retain significant cash reserves to avoid the danger of being compelled to file for bankruptcy protection. To the next, I examine the takeover systems and argue that a potential bidder might regard the takeover of a Japanese enterprise as irrationally difficult. This system might bring about an insufficient industry reorganization and weak market pressure on individual enterprises. As for the shareholders’ activities, I suggest that corporate governance disclosure system in Japan might provide negligible pressure on enterprises and investors because of the separation of corporate law and market law. Concerning the enforcement of enterprise law such as lawsuits by shareholders or actions by regulators, I show that the characteristics of enforcement system in Japan might contribute to weak market discipline and risk aversion in the business decisions of directors. I hope this paper stimulates further research and widespread constructive discussion on this issue.
VO-centric account management
Creators: name: Aikema, David
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 115-130
description: Virtual organizations (VOs) are now being used by major grid computing projects such as LCG, associated with CERN's Large Hadron Collider, to reduce the cost and complexity of user management. Users may be able to gain access to resources at a service provider, based on attributes supplied by a virtual organization which has negotiated an access agreement with this service provider. A survey of existing virtual organization management and account management tools shows that these tools address access control through the passing of attributes in vari­ous forms. However, these tools provide only limited support for lifecycle management features such as the mapping of new users to accounts, management of renewals, and handling of account expiry. A model of account access control and lifecycle management is presented which cap­tures current system behaviours and sets a roadmap illustrating useful ways in which these tools may be extended.
Japan Post Bank: Problematic Issues
Creators: name: Lincoln, Edward J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Commerce
Asians
Banks and banking

description: Japan, like many countries, has long offered savings deposits through the postal system. That system has undergone some reform over the past dozen years, and beginning in 2007 the system was to undergo privatization, with Japan Post Bank eventually becoming an independent entity. A new law passed in 2012 has stalled the privatization process. Regardless of how the issue of privatization plays out, the existence of a savings bank embedded within the postal system raises a number of troubling issues. This essay addresses five of those problems: a level playing field, market power, cross subsidization, social policy, and risk or inefficiency. These issues concern the fairness of competition within the banking industry, future financial stability of the Japan Post Bank, and broader economic inefficiency within the Japanese economy. This essay argues that government ownership of Japan Post Bank is unjustified on economic or social grounds. Complete privatization should resolve some of the problems, especially that of a level playing field. But issues of economic inefficiency and future financial stability could remain even after privatization.
Additional file 1 of Aspiration versus peritoneal lavage in appendicitis: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Burini, Gloria
name: Cianci, Maria Chiara
name: Coccetta, Marco
name: Spizzirri, Alessandro
name: Di Saverio, Salomone
name: Coletta, Riccardo
name: Sapienza, Paolo
name: Mingoli, Andrea
name: Cirocchi, Roberto
name: Morabito, Antonino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SDC searches.
A new code to study structures in collisionally active, perturbed debris discs. Application to binaries
Creators: name: Thebault, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Debris discs are traditionally studied using two distinct types of numerical models: statistical particle-in-a-box codes to study their collisional and size distribution evolution, and dynamical N-body models to study their spatial structure. The absence of collisions from N-body codes is in particular a major shortcoming, as collisional processes are expected to significantly alter the results obtained from pure N-body runs. We present a new numerical model, to study the spatial structure of perturbed debris discs at dynamical and collisional steady-state. We focus on the competing effects between gravitational perturbations by a massive body (planet or star), collisional production of small grains, and radiation pressure placing these grains in possibly dynamically unstable regions. We consider a disc of parent bodies at dynamical steady-state, from which small radiation-pressure-affected grains are released in a series of runs, each corresponding to a different orbital position of the perturber, where particles are assigned a collisional destruction probability. These collisional runs produce successive position maps that are then recombined, following a complex procedure, to produce surface density profiles for each orbital position of the perturbing body. We apply our code to the case of a circumprimary disc in a binary. We find pronounced structures inside and outside the dynamical stability regions. For low $e_B$, the disc's structure is time varying, with spiral arms in the dynamically "forbidden" region precessing with the companion star. For high $e_B$, the disc is strongly asymmetric but time invariant, with a pronounced density drop in the binary's periastron direction. (better resolution version of the paper at http://lesia.obspm.fr/perso/philippe-thebault/theb2011.pdf)
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics /// There is a problem with the way Fig.1 looks on the astro-ph file. You can retrieve a correct version of the full paper at http://lesia.obspm.fr/perso/philippe-thebault/theb2011.pdf
Effect of the heralding detector properties on the conditional generation of single-photon states
Creators: name: D'Auria, Virginia
name: Morin, Olivier
name: Fabre, Claude
name: Laurat, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photons play an important role in emerging quantum technologies and information processing. An efficient generation technique consists in preparing such states via a conditional measurement on photon-number correlated beams: the detection of a single-photon on one of the beam can herald the generation of a single-photon state on the other one. Such scheme strongly depends on the heralding detector properties, such as its quantum efficiency, noise or photon-number resolution ability. These parameters affect the preparation rate and the fidelity of the generated state. After reviewing the theoretical description of optical detectors and conditional measurements, and how both are here connected, we evaluate the effects of these properties and compare two kind of devices, a conventional on/off detector and a two-channel detector with photon-number resolution ability.
Centralized and Distributed Data Spaces: Insights from Dashboarding Invasion Biology
Creators: name: Mietchen, Daniel
name: Heger, Tina
name: Bernard-Verdier, Maud
name: Musseau, Camille
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Wikidata
Scholia
invasion biology
biological invasions
open data
FAIR data
community curation

description: About This repo hosts the electronic version of a poster presented at the conference "Datenräume in Deutschland und Europa gestalten - Impulse der Wissenschaft" on 24-25 April 2023. The poster was accepted on March 24, 2023, based on a title and abstract submitted on December 13, 2022 (see here for details). Title Balancing Centralized and Distributed Approaches to Research Infrastructure: Insights from Building an Atlas of Invasion Biology Abstract The rapid growth of data and information in many research areas has made it challenging to acquire and maintain an overview of a given field. As a result, existing evidence is often not found, knowledge is not transferred to practice, and research is sometimes conducted in pursuit of dead ends. In this contribution, we will highlight how these challenges can be addressed through a combination of centralized and distributed approaches to building, maintaining and sustaining research infrastructure, using the domain of invasion science as an example. With support from the VolkswagenStiftung, we are developing an interactive atlas of knowledge and research about biological invasions that is integrating information from various sources into an open, FAIR and multilingual online environment. On the one hand, this environment will provide an evolving overview of the field, and on the other, it allows users to zoom in on the major research questions and hypotheses of invasion science and provides access to relevant studies published in the field, as well as the underlying data and code if available. While still work in progress, the system already provides visualizations, facilitates knowledge synthesis and is open for anyone to use and contribute to - including researchers, citizen scientists, practitioners, policy makers and the public. In coordination with collaborators from around the globe - including at Wikimedia projects and NFDI infrastructures - we are designing the system such that it can be extended to other fields in the future. Test cases involving branches of ecology and mathematics are already being developed.
A wireless implantable microsystem for continuous blood glucose monitoring
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Mohammad Mahdi
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 182-194
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Recent studies have shown that continuous blood glucose monitoring can help to signifi­cantly reduce the symptoms associated with diabetes. This project seeks to develop an im­plantable microsystem for continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration. The ma­jor challenges towards this goal are the microsystem size, the in-vivo lifetime of the mi­crosystem and the in-vivo functionality of the glucose sensor used in the microsystem. The size of the microsystem plays a key role in increasing the period of consistent glucose monitoring in vivo and also in simple implantation of the microsystem with an outpatient surgery. In this research work, a novel process was proposed to minimize the implant size to about 4x8x 1 rnm3. Firstly, the entire interface circuitry was integrated in an integrated circuit chip; secondly, the sensor, required for glucose sensing, was microfabri­cated using micromachining techniques; and thirdly, flip-chip bonding was used to attach the transponder chip to the glucose sensor. In order to increase the in-vivo lifetime and functionality of the microsystem, a novel oxygen-free electrochemical biosensor was used in the microsystem. Also, a passive telemetry link was implemented to provide the power to the microsystem and avoid the lifetime problem associate with using battery power for the microsystem. The glucose sensor used in the microsystem is an electrochemical biosensor, which does not require oxygen for reaction with glucose. More importantly, it does not produce hydrogen peroxide, which is a major cause in the degradation of the sensor lifetime. The microsystem receives inductive power from an external reader and transmits the measured glucose data to the external reader using load shift keying. Using passive telemetry for data and power transfer results in a smaller implant, potentially more com­fort for the patient, and a mechanically more robust implant. It also promises simplified packaging of the implant and it avoids the hazards associated with using a battery or a wired link for powering the implant. The integrated circuit chip, required for interfacing with the glucose sensor, was fabricated using the TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process, has a total area of 1.3x 1.3 mrn2 and consumes a total current of about 110 µA. It needs three off-chip components to be func­tional: a coil inductor and two capacitors. The chip properly functions providing that the amplitude of the received RF signal from the external reader is higher than 2.6 V. Research on different circuit blocks of the integrated chip resulted in several state­of-the art circuits, which can be used for similar implantable sensors and also for similar applications such as radio-frequency identification.
A method for visual identification of small sample subgroups and potential biomarkers
Creators: name: Soneson, Charlotte
name: Fontes, Magnus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to find previously unknown subgroups in biomedical data and generate testable hypotheses, visually guided exploratory analysis can be of tremendous importance. In this paper we propose a new dissimilarity measure that can be used within the Multidimensional Scaling framework to obtain a joint low-dimensional representation of both the samples and variables of a multivariate data set, thereby providing an alternative to conventional biplots. In comparison with biplots, the representations obtained by our approach are particularly useful for exploratory analysis of data sets where there are small groups of variables sharing unusually high or low values for a small group of samples.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS460 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Bankrupting America : advisory entrepreneurship, fiscal competence and the presidency 1977-2009
Creators: name: Gillies, James Clark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study focuses on the presidential advisory system through the lens of fiscal policy in order to develop a better understanding of how modern presidents utilize their advisers and how through a process of advisory entrepreneurship, advisers compete among each other for the president’s attention and time. A set of ideal types of presidential advisers is developed in an effort to shift away from studying the presidency through traditional notions of staff hierarchies and management of the White House to the actual selection of advisers. This research traces fiscal policymaking from the Carter administration through the administration of George W. Bush by using a qualitative case study approach, with elite interviews and a quantitative test of ideal adviser types on fiscal policy, to provide a view of the decision making process inside the White House that often gets submerged in larger institutional studies of Washington. The study also offers an important perspective in explaining how presidents can veer away from fiscal competence. Presidential advisory systems matter a great deal to the policies that get passed through Congress. The fiscal policies themselves are the mark of what presidential advisers often decide is best for the country. Therefore providing the background and narrative of the roles these advisers play gives insight into how presidents confront their economic realities and how designing policies that appeal to the national interest can be sometimes, at best, a second or third priority. The case of presidential advisers and fiscal policy across these five presidential administrations provides instances of fiscal competence, when an administration crafts ways to have government live within its means and design policies that for the most part appeal to and benefit the majority of Americans. It also provides instances of fiscal incompetence, in which presidents ignore long-established truths and principles to push the country off of a sensible economic footing often for the benefit of those who elected them, and instances in which administrations aim for fiscal prudence but alienate the public in doing so because the policies enacted do not reflect the campaign promises made by the incumbents.
The summer ecology myotis species bats in the interior wet-belt of British Columbia
Creators: name: Caceres, M. Carolina
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Myotis--Ecology.
subject: Bats - Ecology - British Columbia
subject: Bats--Food--British Columbia.
subject: Bats--Habitations--British Columbia.

description: Bibliography: p. 91-100.
Chernobyl's subclinical legacy: prenatal exposure to radioactive fallout and school outcomes in Sweden
Creators: name: Almond, Douglas V.
name: Edlund, Lena
name: Palme, Marten
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Education

description: Japanese atomic bomb survivors irradiated 8-25 weeks after ovulation subsequently suffered reduced IQ [Otake and Schull, 1998]. Whether these findings generalize to low doses (less than 10 mGy) has not been established. This paper exploits the natural experiment generated by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in April 1986, which caused a spike in radiation levels in Sweden. In a comprehensive data set of 562,637 Swedes born 1983-1988, we find the cohort in utero during the Chernobyl accident had worse school outcomes than adjacent birth cohorts, and this deterioration was largest for those exposed approximately 8-25 weeks post conception. Moreover, we find larger damage among students born in regions that received more fallout: students from the eight most affected municipalities were 3.6 percentage points less likely to qualify to high school as a result of the fallout. Our findings suggest that fetal exposure to ionizing radiation damages cognitive ability at radiation levels previously considered safe.
Structure and Function of Enzymes Involved With the Biosynthesis of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids
Creators: name: Torres, Miguel
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
subject: X-ray crystallography
subject: Protein structure
subject: Enzyme mechanism
subject: Biochemistry

description: Plants produce a wide array of pharmaceuticals in use today through a plethora of specialized metabolic pathways. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a class of these specialized metabolites that include a diverse group of pharmacologically active compounds of great importance. BIAs can be found in a variety of plants, including the opium poppy and wide array of other plants used in traditional medicines. Amongst the most important BIAs are morphine, and its immediate biosynthetic precursor codeine. BIA biosynthetic pathways include many classes of enzymes that are capable of catalyzing many different types of rearrangements and decoration reactions. Two important classes of these enzymes are N-methyltransferases and aldo-keto reductases. To understand the molecular mechanisms at work in these two classes of enzymes, pavine N-methyltransferase and codeinone reductase were targeted for structural determinations through X-ray crystallography. Crystal structures of pavine N-methyltransferase in complex with substrates have been solved to 1.6 Å resolution. These structures reveal novel insights into substrate recognition and catalytic mechanism. Structures of apo codeinone reductase have been solved to 2.9 Å resolution and have revealed novel features regarding the quaternary structure of this enzyme. These structures reveal new details not seen in other aldo-keto reductase structures. Activity assays monitored using LC/MS, in combination with differential scanning fluorimetry, have given insight into the catalytic mechanisms behind the actions of these two enzymes.
The physical foundations for the geometric structure of relativistic theories of gravitation. From General Relativity to Extended Theories of Gravity through Ehlers-Pirani-Schild approach
Creators: name: Capozziello, S.
name: De Laurentis, M.
name: Fatibene, L.
name: Francaviglia, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss in a critical way the physical foundations of geometric structure of relativistic theories of gravity by the so-called Ehlers-Pirani-Schild formalism. This approach provides a natural interpretation of the observables showing how relate them to General Relativity and to a large class of Extended Theories of Gravity. In particular we show that, in such a formalism, geodesic and causal structures of space-time can be safely disentangled allowing a correct analysis in view of observations and experiment. As specific case, we take into account the case of f(R) gravity.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
DOES PRESIDENTIAL POLICY CHANGE FEDERAL IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT? DOCUMENTING THE SEVERITY OF ALLEGED OFFENCES BY ICE IMMIGRATION ARRESTEES IN THE OBAMA AND TRUMP ADMINISTRATIONS
Creators: name: Neal, Adam David
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: CHI
subject: Crime Harm Index
subject: ICE
subject: immigration
subject: Obama
subject: Trump

description: The federated nature of U.S. immigration enforcement invites tensions between levels of government, which both cooperate and clash with each other. A hierarchical description would claim that states and localities are responsive to federal authority, yet this presumes that federal agencies themselves implement the policies of senior officials like the president. Whether either or both of those hypotheses is correct, however, is an empirical question. Using federal arrest data from FY2015–FY2017, this research explores evidence for these hypotheses by asking whether executive changes to enforcement priorities led to more (or less) serious offenders being arrested by federal authorities in relation to those policies. Using an innovation from policing literature known as the crime harm index (CHI), analysis showed little difference in arrestee crime from before to during and after a Presidential policy, nor were any changes observed consistent when disaggregated by 24 regional jurisdictions of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
The TEXT System for Natural Language Generation: An Overview
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: Computer science
Information science

description: Computer-based generation of natural language requires consideration of two different types of problems: 1) determining the content and textual shape of what is to be said, and 2) transforming that message into English. A computational solution to the problems of deciding what to say and how to organize it effectively is proposed that relies on an interaction between structural and semantic processes. Schemas, which encode aspects of discourse structure, and used to guide the generation process. A focusing mechanism monitors the use of the schemas, providing constraints on what can be said at any point. These mechanisms have been implemented as part of a generation method within the context of a natural language database system, addressing the specific problem of responding to questions about database structure.
Additional file 1 of The prevalence of soil transmitted helminths and its influential factors in Shandong Province, China: an analysis of surveillance data from 2016 to 2020
Creators: name: Xu, Yan
name: Wang, Yongbin
name: Wang, Longjiang
name: Kong, Xiangli
name: Yan, Ge
name: Li, Yuejin
name: Bu, Cancan
name: Zhang, Benguang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Total results of STHs surveillance and questionnaire survey in Shandong Province. Table S1. The two-pair comparison of STHs prevalence between different regions of Shandong Province. Table S2. Comparison of STHs-related natural and social factors in different years
Transparency and Price Formation
Creators: name: Kaya, Ayca
name: Liu, Qingmin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We study the role that price transparency plays in determining the efficiency and surplus division in a sequential bargaining model of price formation with symmetric information. Under natural assumptions on type distributions, and for any discount factor, we show that the unobservability of past negotiations leads to lower prices and faster trading. The lack of transparency therefore enhances the "Coasian effect" by fostering efficiency and diverting more of the surplus to the player who possesses private information. In addition, we show that the equilibrium is unique and is in pure strategies in the non-transparent regime; this stands in sharp contrast to the existing literature and allows for a better understanding of the role of transparency.
Holographic Models for QCD in the Veneziano Limit
Creators: name: Jarvinen, Matti
name: Kiritsis, Elias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a class of bottom-up holographic models with physics comparable to the one expected from QCD in the Veneziano limit of large N_f and N_c with fixed x = N_f/N_c. The models capture the holographic dynamics of the dilaton (dual to the YM coupling) and a tachyon (dual to the chiral condensate), and are parametrized by the real parameter x, which can take values within the range 0 <= x < 11/2. We analyze the saddle point solutions, and draw the phase diagram at zero temperature and density. The backreaction of flavor on the glue is fully included. We find the conformal window for x >= x_c, and the QCD-like phase with chiral symmetry breaking at x < x_c, where the critical value x_c lies close to four. We also find Miransky scaling as x -> x_c as well as Efimov-like saddle points. By calculating the holographic beta-functions, we demonstrate the "walking" behavior of the coupling in the region near and below x_c.
description: 55+32 pages, 16 figures. v2: several comments, references, and a new figure added
Using Density Estimation to Improve Text Categorization
Creators: name: Sable, Carl
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper explores the use of a statistical technique known as density estimation to potentially improve the results of text categorization systems which label documents by computing similarities between documents and categories. In addition to potentially improving a system's overall accuracy, density estimation converts similarity scores to probabilities. These probabilities provide confidence measures for a system's predictions which are easily interpretable and could potentially help to combine results of various systems. We discuss the results of three complete experiments on three separate data sets applying density estimation to the results of a TF*IDF/Rocchio system, and we compare these results to those of many competing approaches.