title: ÐÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð½Ð° ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ðº
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Kinetic modeling of proton reacceleration on shocks in galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Ð£ÑÐ°ÐµÐ², ÐÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¼
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2022
Subjects: ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð»ÑÑÐ¸
Ð±ÐµÑÑÑÐ¾Ð»ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ñ
ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ðº
ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
cosmic rays
collisionless shocks
galaxy clusters
kinetic simulation

description: Ð¢ÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: Â«ÐÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð½Ð° ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÂ». ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ñ Ð¤ÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¿ÐµÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° ÑÐ»Ð°Ð±ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð±ÐµÑÑÑÐ¾Ð»ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸, Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ðº. ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾ ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ¶Ðµ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Particle-in-cell (PIC) ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð° Smilei Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ° Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ¾ Ð·Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐ¼ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¼ ÐÐ°ÑÐ° Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÐµ 2.5. ÐÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð² ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð½Ðµ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð², Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ðº Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°Ð»Ð¸ Ðº ÑÑÐ¾Ð½ÑÑ. Ð¢Ð°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð¼, Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð²Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ ÑÐ»Ð°Ð±ÑÑ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½ Ð² ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ðº.
description: The subject of the graduate qualification work is Â«Kinetic modeling of proton reacceleration on shocks in galaxy clustersÂ»The possibility of acceleration of protons by the Fermi mechanism of the first kind by weak shocks, arising at the merger of galaxy clusters, was investigated. It was assumed that these shocks can reaccelerate already existing population of superfluid particles. To verify this fact using the kinetic Particle-in-cell (PIC) code Smilei simu-lated the reacceleration of the superthermal proton population by shocks with a Mach number less than 2.5. It was shown that in this case the presence of a superthermal proton population does not affect the efficiency of proton and electron acceleration, regardless of the direction of the mean magnetic field to the normal to the front. Thus, the reacceleration of the existing population of superthermal particles cannot explain the appearance of cosmic rays near weak shocks in galaxy clusters.