cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wittgenstein on meaning and understanding
Creators: name: Benzarour, Zahia
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 50
subject: Philosophy and religious studies
classificationCode: 5003
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: The purpose of this dissertation is to present Wittgenstein's theory of meaning as use and investigate its consequences for the problem of other minds. Wittgenstein builds his philosophy on the critique of the idea that the meaning of a word is an object (referential theory of meaning), and the first chapter of this dissertation offers a presentation of the referential theory; in this chapter I also take as an instance of the refutation of the referential theory the example of Russell's theory of description. The second chapter presents Wittgenstein's arguments against the notion that the meaning of a word is a private object, and presents the notion of rule-following. The third chapter shows why Wittgenstein rejected the notion of understanding as an inner process, followed by an explanation of Augustine's ostensive definition. The fourth chapter deals with Wittgenstein's theory of meaning as use by explaining the notions of form of life, language-game, family-resemblance and grammar. My focus in the fifth chapter is on the consequences of Wittgenstein's theory on the problem of other minds, i.e. that the problem of other minds does not exist at all when we understand that it is not an inner process that gives words meaning. I also deal with the distinction of symptoms and criteria. The last chapter is on my disagreement with Wittgenstein and some critiques concerning different notions such as that the meaning of a word is its use in the language, and how Wittgenstein never made the distinction between the meaning of a word and the meaning of a sentence. In addition, I will maintain that private language is possible when we refer to sensations and feelings.
An analysis of Nigerian agricultural policies, 1960-1987
Creators: name: Otaigbe, Michael Ijezele
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study focuses on Nigeria's agricultural policies, 1960-1987, and explores the question of how, despite official rhetoric, the agricultural sector was used by successive governments to achieve specific social, economic, and political objectives which conflicted with sustained development in agriculture. Also, the study examines the important roles of Nigerian women farmers and their particular problems. The research method used in this study was to collect and analyze selected, available data and discussions on Nigeria's agricultural policies from a wide variety of public and private sources. The study emphasizes Nigeria's agricultural policies during the first decade of political independence (1960-1970); the oil boom period (1970-1980); and the post-oil boom era (1980-1987). The analysis shows that the ruling elites of successive administrations were not committed to the long-term development of Nigerian agriculture. Although Nigeria is primarily a nation of small-scale farmers, the distributors of government agricultural subsidies favored the relatively few large-scale capitalist farmers. There was no serious attempt to strike a balance between urban and rural development; the government officials who were in charge of various agricultural programs were not made accountable for their actions; and women farmers were not taken as equal partners in the nation's agricultural development programs. To revitalize Nigerian agriculture, the study calls on the government to: make the small-scale farmer the focus of its agricultural policies; reform the land-use decrees that are biased against small farmers; avoid the creation of elite farmers through agrarian programs such as the Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs); address the particular needs and problems of women farmers; and make the newly-created Directorate of Rural Development an effective instrument for raising the income and welfare of rural dwellers.
Quasi-Periodic Pulsations in Ionospheric TEC Synchronized with Solar Flare EUV Emission
Creators: name: O'Hare, Aisling N.
name: Bekker, Susanna
name: Hayes, Laura A.
name: Milligan, Ryan O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray radiation emitted during solar flares has been shown to significantly increase the electron density of the Earth's ionosphere. During flares, quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in X-ray flux originating in the corona have previously been linked to subsequent pulsations in the Earth's ionospheric D-region. Similar pulsations have been detected in chromospheric EUV emission, although their impact on the Earth's ionosphere has not previously been investigated. Here, for the first time, synchronous pulsations were detected in solar EUV emission and ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements. Using wavelet and periodogram analysis, we detect QPPs with approximately 85 second periods in chromospheric EUV emission lines (He II 304 Å, C III 977 Å and H I 972 Å) from the Solar Dynamics Observatory Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (SDO/EVE) during the impulsive phase of an X5.4 flare on March 7, 2012. These lines contribute to ionization in the ionospheric E- and F-regions, resulting in subsequent variations of electron density with the same periodicity, which was detected in TEC measurements. This work demonstrates that the Earth's ionosphere is responsive to fine-scale fluctuations in EUV emission during flares, with a time delay of approximately 30 seconds found. These findings may have applications in atmospheric modelling and solar-terrestrial studies, including the calculation of ionospheric recombination rates.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Accepted to AGU Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics on 5 April 2025
Effect of topology on the transport properties of two interacting dots
Creators: name: Apel, V. M.
name: Davidovich, Maria A.
name: Anda, E. V.
name: Chiappe, G.
name: Busser, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport properties of a system of two interacting dots, one of them directly connected to the leads constituting a side-coupled configuration (SCD), are studied in the weak and strong tunnel-coupling limits. The conductance behavior of the SCD structure has new and richer physics than the better studied system of two dots aligned with the leads (ACD). In the weak coupling regime and in the case of one electron per dot, the ACD configuration gives rise to two mostly independent Kondo states. In the SCD topology, the inserted dot is in a Kondo state while the side-connected one presents Coulomb blockade properties. Moreover, the dot spins change their behavior, from an antiferromagnetic coupling to a ferromagnetic correlation, as a consequence of the interaction with the conduction electrons. The system is governed by the Kondo effect related to the dot that is embedded into the leads. The role of the side-connected dot is to introduce, when at resonance, a new path for the electrons to go through giving rise to the interferences responsible for the suppression of the conductance. These results depend on the values of the intra-dot Coulomb interactions. In the case where the many-body interaction is restricted to the side-connected dot, its Kondo correlation is responsible for the scattering of the conduction electrons giving rise to the conductance suppression.
HOW EFFICIENT IS THE ROUGH RICE FUTURES MARKET?
Creators: name: Hoffman, Linwood A.
name: Hoffman, Linwood A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Efficiency of the rough rice futures market is analyzed relative to the Arkansas cash market. Market activity is examined and various efficiency tests are performed. Inefficiencies were found in beginning or low volume contracts, but some market efficiency criteria improved with time and greater contract volume.
Search for gravitational waves from twelve young supernova remnants with a hidden Markov model in Advanced LIGO's second observing run
Creators: name: Millhouse, Margaret
name: Strang, Lucy
name: Melatos, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Persistent gravitational waves from rapidly rotating neutron stars, such as those found in some young supernova remnants, may fall in the sensitivity band of the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (aLIGO). Searches for these signals are computationally challenging, as the frequency and frequency derivative are unknown and evolve rapidly due to the youth of the source. A hidden Markov model (HMM), combined with a maximum-likelihood matched filter, tracks rapid frequency evolution semi-coherently in a computationally efficient manner. We present the results of an HMM search targeting 12 young supernova remnants in data from Advanced LIGO's second observing run. Six targets produce candidates that are above the search threshold and survive pre-defined data quality vetoes. However, follow-up analyses of these candidates show that they are all consistent with instrumental noise artefacts.
description: 14 pages, 18 figures
Hands On Scenario Library Assessment
Creators: name: Gutzman, Karen E
name: Mendoza, Annette Renee
name: Norton, Candace
name: Belter, Chris
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: data visualization
subject: Data Visualization
subject: Library Administration
subject: Microsoft Excel (Computer file)

description: Data visualization is used to communicate complex information and explore trends in large sources of data. Compelling data visualization requires thoughtful planning and execution; from understanding the data, choosing the right chart, balancing visual cues, and providing narratives to tell interesting stories. This course gives attendees a strong foundation in the principles of data visualization. In addition attendees will use Microsoft Excel, a common but incredibly powerful tool, to visualize library-relevant data through a series of hands-on activities. Attendees will gain practical and immediately useful skills for visualizing both qualitative and quantitative data.
Additional file 1 of 25 Years of the International Bipolar Collaborative Network (BCN)
Creators: name: Post, Robert M.
name: Altshuler, Lori L.
name: Kupka, Ralph
name: McElroy, Susan L.
name: Frye, Mark A.
name: Grunze, Heinz
name: Suppes, Trisha
name: Keck, Paul E.
name: Nolen, Willem A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material.
Tachyon condensation in open-closed p-adic string theory
Creators: name: Moeller, Nicolas
name: Schnabl, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a simple model of p-adic closed and open strings. It sheds some light on the dynamics of tachyon condensation for both types of strings. We calculate the effect of static and decaying D-brane configurations on the closed string background. For closed string tachyons we find lumps analogous to D-branes. By studying their fluctuation spectrum and the D-branes they admit, we argue that closed string lumps should be interpreted as spacetimes of lower dimensionality described by some noncritical p-adic string theory.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures; v2: discussion of the fluctuations of the double lump substantially improved
An analysis of Nigerian agricultural policies, 1960-1987
Creators: name: Otaigbe, Michael Ijezele
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study focuses on Nigeria's agricultural policies, 1960-1987, and explores the question of how, despite official rhetoric, the agricultural sector was used by successive governments to achieve specific social, economic, and political objectives which conflicted with sustained development in agriculture. Also, the study examines the important roles of Nigerian women farmers and their particular problems. The research method used in this study was to collect and analyze selected, available data and discussions on Nigeria's agricultural policies from a wide variety of public and private sources. The study emphasizes Nigeria's agricultural policies during the first decade of political independence (1960-1970); the oil boom period (1970-1980); and the post-oil boom era (1980-1987). The analysis shows that the ruling elites of successive administrations were not committed to the long-term development of Nigerian agriculture. Although Nigeria is primarily a nation of small-scale farmers, the distributors of government agricultural subsidies favored the relatively few large-scale capitalist farmers. There was no serious attempt to strike a balance between urban and rural development; the government officials who were in charge of various agricultural programs were not made accountable for their actions; and women farmers were not taken as equal partners in the nation's agricultural development programs. To revitalize Nigerian agriculture, the study calls on the government to: make the small-scale farmer the focus of its agricultural policies; reform the land-use decrees that are biased against small farmers; avoid the creation of elite farmers through agrarian programs such as the Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs); address the particular needs and problems of women farmers; and make the newly-created Directorate of Rural Development an effective instrument for raising the income and welfare of rural dwellers.
Intracellular MLCK1 diversion reverses barrier loss to restore mucosal homeostasis
Creators: name: Graham, WV
name: He, W
name: Marchiando, AM
name: Zha, J
name: Singh, G
name: Li, HS
name: Biswas, A
name: Ong, MLDM
name: Jiang, ZH
name: Choi, W
name: Zuccola, H
name: Wang, Y
name: Griffith, J
name: Wu, J
name: Rosenberg, HJ
name: Snapper, SB
name: Ostrov, D
name: Meredith, SC
name: Miller, Lawrence
name: Turner, JR
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Epithelial barrier loss is a driver of intestinal and systemic diseases. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a key effector of barrier dysfunction and a potential therapeutic target, but enzymatic inhibition has unacceptable toxicity. Here, we show that a unique domain within the MLCK splice variant MLCK1 directs perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) recruitment. Using the domain structure and multiple screens, we identify a domain-binding small molecule (divertin) that blocks MLCK1 recruitment without inhibiting enzymatic function. Divertin blocks acute, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced MLCK1 recruitment as well as downstream myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, barrier loss, and diarrhea in vitro and in vivo. Divertin corrects barrier dysfunction and prevents disease development and progression in experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Beyond applications of divertin in gastrointestinal disease, this general approach to enzymatic inhibition by preventing access to specific subcellular sites provides a new paradigm for safely and precisely targeting individual properties of enzymes with multiple functions.
Leibniz Differential and Non-Standard Calculus
Creators: name: Evgeny, Shchepin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A39, 26A42

description: Two models of integral theory based on the concept of a differential as a certain infinitesimal quantity are considered. One theory treats an infinitesimal quantity as a zero-tending sequence. The second is as an infinitesimal Hyper-real.
description: The article is intended for publication in the proceedings of the conference dedicated to the Rokhlin centenary
Multi-modal Reference Learning for Fine-grained Text-to-Image Retrieval
Creators: name: Ma, Zehong
name: Chen, Hao
name: Zeng, Wei
name: Su, Limin
name: Zhang, Shiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fine-grained text-to-image retrieval aims to retrieve a fine-grained target image with a given text query. Existing methods typically assume that each training image is accurately depicted by its textual descriptions. However, textual descriptions can be ambiguous and fail to depict discriminative visual details in images, leading to inaccurate representation learning. To alleviate the effects of text ambiguity, we propose a Multi-Modal Reference learning framework to learn robust representations. We first propose a multi-modal reference construction module to aggregate all visual and textual details of the same object into a comprehensive multi-modal reference. The multi-modal reference hence facilitates the subsequent representation learning and retrieval similarity computation. Specifically, a reference-guided representation learning module is proposed to use multi-modal references to learn more accurate visual and textual representations. Additionally, we introduce a reference-based refinement method that employs the object references to compute a reference-based similarity that refines the initial retrieval results. Extensive experiments are conducted on five fine-grained text-to-image retrieval datasets for different text-to-image retrieval tasks. The proposed method has achieved superior performance over state-of-the-art methods. For instance, on the text-to-person image retrieval dataset RSTPReid, our method achieves the Rank1 accuracy of 56.2\%, surpassing the recent CFine by 5.6\%.
description: TMM25
Lightweight Speaker Verification for Online Identification of New Speakers with Short Segments
Creators: name: Velez, Ivette
name: Rascon, Caleb
name: Fuentes-Pineda, Gibran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Verifying if two audio segments belong to the same speaker has been recently put forward as a flexible way to carry out speaker identification, since it does not require to be re-trained when new speakers appear on the auditory scene. Although many of the current techniques have achieved high performances, they require a considerably high amount of memory, and a specific minimum length for their input audio segments. These requirements limit the applicability of these techniques in scenarios such as service robots, internet of things and virtual assistants, where computational resources are limited and the users tend to speak in short segments. In this work we propose a BLSTM-based model that reaches a level of performance comparable to the current state of the art when using short input audio segments, while requiring a considerably less amount of memory. Further, as far as we know, a complete speaker identification system has not been reported using this verification paradigm. Thus, we present a complete online speaker identifier, based on a simple voting system, that shows that the proposed BLSTM-based model achieves a similar performance at identifying speakers online compared to the current state of the art.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in Applied Soft Computing Journal
Groups and Lie algebras corresponding to the Yang-Baxter equations
Creators: name: Bartholdi, Laurent
name: Enriquez, Benjamin
name: Etingof, Pavel
name: Rains, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a positive integer n we introduce quadratic Lie algebras tr_n qtr_n and discrete groups Tr_n, QTr_n naturally associated with the classical and quantum Yang-Baxter equation, respectively. We prove that the universal enveloping algebras of the Lie algebras tr_n, qtr_n are Koszul, and find their Hilbert series. We also compute the cohomology rings of these Lie algebras (which by Koszulity are the quadratic duals of the enveloping algebras). We construct cell complexes which are classifying spaces of the groups Tr_n and QTr_n, and show that the boundary maps in them are zero, which allows us to compute the integral cohomology of these groups. We show that the Lie algebras tr_n, qtr_n map onto the associated graded algebras of the Malcev Lie algebras of the groups Tr_n, QTr_n, respectively. We conjecture that this map is actually an isomorphism (this is now a theorem due to P. Lee). At the same time, we show that the groups Tr_n and QTr_n are not formal for n>3.
description: Errors pointed out by P. Lee corrected. Proposition 5.1 in the previous version was incorrect, so Theorems 2.3 and 8.5 and Proposition 6.1 were proved incorrectly. In the current version, Propositions 5.1 and 6.1 are deleted and Theorems 2.3, 8.5 are stated as conjectures. They were proved by Peter Lee, along with Conjectures 2.4 and 8.6 of the previous version
Is the Meta-Learning Idea Able to Improve the Generalization of Deep Neural Networks on the Standard Supervised Learning?
Creators: name: Deng, Xiang
name: Zhang, Zhongfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Substantial efforts have been made on improving the generalization abilities of deep neural networks (DNNs) in order to obtain better performances without introducing more parameters. On the other hand, meta-learning approaches exhibit powerful generalization on new tasks in few-shot learning. Intuitively, few-shot learning is more challenging than the standard supervised learning as each target class only has a very few or no training samples. The natural question that arises is whether the meta-learning idea can be used for improving the generalization of DNNs on the standard supervised learning. In this paper, we propose a novel meta-learning based training procedure (MLTP) for DNNs and demonstrate that the meta-learning idea can indeed improve the generalization abilities of DNNs. MLTP simulates the meta-training process by considering a batch of training samples as a task. The key idea is that the gradient descent step for improving the current task performance should also improve a new task performance, which is ignored by the current standard procedure for training neural networks. MLTP also benefits from all the existing training techniques such as dropout, weight decay, and batch normalization. We evaluate MLTP by training a variety of small and large neural networks on three benchmark datasets, i.e., CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Tiny ImageNet. The experimental results show a consistently improved generalization performance on all the DNNs with different sizes, which verifies the promise of MLTP and demonstrates that the meta-learning idea is indeed able to improve the generalization of DNNs on the standard supervised learning.
Collisional depolarization and transfer rates of spectral lines by atomic hydrogen. IV: application to ionised atoms
Creators: name: Derouich, M.
name: Sahal-Bréchot, S.
name: Barklem, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semi-classical theory of collisional depolarization of spectral lines of neutral atoms by atomic hydrogen (Derouich et al. 2003a; Derouich et al. 2003b; Derouich et al. 2004 and references therein) is extended to spectral lines of singly ionised atoms. In this paper we apply our general method to the particular cases of the 3d $^2D$ and $4p$ $^2P$ states of the CaII ion and to the $5p$ $^2P$ state of the SrII ion. Analytical expressions of all rates as a function of local temperature are given. Our results for the CaII ion are compared to recent quantum chemistry calculations. A discussion of our results is presented.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Probing the Planck Scale with Proton Decay
Creators: name: Harnik, Roni
name: Larson, Daniel T.
name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: Thormeier, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We advocate the idea that proton decay may probe physics at the Planck scale instead of the GUT scale. This is possible because supersymmetric theories have dimension-5 operators that can induce proton decay at dangerous rates, even with R-parity conservation. These operators are expected to be suppressed by the same physics that explains the fermion masses and mixings. We present a thorough analysis of nucleon partial lifetimes in models with a string-inspired anomalous U(1)_X family symmetry which is responsible for the fermionic mass spectrum as well as forbidding R-parity violating interactions. Protons and neutrons can decay via R-parity conserving non-renormalizable superpotential terms that are suppressed by the Planck scale and powers of the Cabibbo angle. Many of the models naturally lead to nucleon decay near present limits without any reference to grand unification.
description: 11 pages,4 figures. Revised to drop the options y=-6, -7 that are not phenomenologically viable anyway, following the revision of hep-ph/0312012 this work is based on. Conclusions unchanged
Additional file 1 of A mindfulness-based intervention for breast cancer patients with cognitive impairment after chemotherapy: study protocol of a three-group randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Gucht, Katleen Van Der
name: Melis, Michelle
name: Soumaya Ahmadoun
name: Gebruers, Anneleen
name: Smeets, Ann
name: Vandenbulcke, Mathieu
name: Wildiers, Hans
name: Neven, Patrick
name: Kuppens, Peter
name: Raes, Filip
name: Sunaert, Stefan
name: Deprez, Sabine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Checklist.
Thermal management of continuous flow reactors for hydrogen production by steam reforming
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: heat of reaction, also called enthalpy of reaction, the amount of heat that must be added or removed during a chemical reaction in order to keep all of the substances present at the same temperature. If the pressure in the vessel containing the reacting system is kept at a constant value, the measured heat of reaction also represents the change in the thermodynamic quantity called enthalpy, or heat content, accompanying the process, namely the difference between the enthalpy of the substances present at the end of the reaction and the enthalpy of the substances present at the start of the reaction. Thus, the heat of reaction determined at constant pressure is also designated the enthalpy of reaction. If the heat of reaction is positive, the reaction is said to be endothermic; if negative, exothermic. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Multi-modal Multi-channel Target Speech Separation
Creators: name: Gu, Rongzhi
name: Zhang, Shi-Xiong
name: Xu, Yong
name: Chen, Lianwu
name: Zou, Yuexian
name: Yu, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Target speech separation refers to extracting a target speaker's voice from an overlapped audio of simultaneous talkers. Previously the use of visual modality for target speech separation has demonstrated great potentials. This work proposes a general multi-modal framework for target speech separation by utilizing all the available information of the target speaker, including his/her spatial location, voice characteristics and lip movements. Also, under this framework, we investigate on the fusion methods for multi-modal joint modeling. A factorized attention-based fusion method is proposed to aggregate the high-level semantic information of multi-modalities at embedding level. This method firstly factorizes the mixture audio into a set of acoustic subspaces, then leverages the target's information from other modalities to enhance these subspace acoustic embeddings with a learnable attention scheme. To validate the robustness of proposed multi-modal separation model in practical scenarios, the system was evaluated under the condition that one of the modalities is temporarily missing, invalid or corrupted. Experiments are conducted on a large-scale audio-visual dataset collected from YouTube (to be released) that spatialized by simulated room impulse responses (RIRs). Experiment results illustrate that our proposed multi-modal framework significantly outperforms single-modal and bi-modal speech separation approaches, while can still support real-time processing.
description: accepted in IEEE Journal of Selcted Topics in Signal Processing
Additional file 19 of A pipeline for targeted metagenomics of environmental bacteria
Creators: name: Grieb, Anissa
name: Bowers, Robert M.
name: Monike Oggerin
name: Goudeau, Danielle
name: Lee, Janey
name: Malmstrom, Rex R.
name: Woyke, Tanja
name: Fuchs, Bernhard M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 19: Figure S14. 16S rRNA consensus tree. The Vis6 cluster is targeted by the probes Vis6-814 and Vis6-871 and marked by the colored box. The closest cultured relative was Phaeocystitibacter luteus with appr. 90% sequence similarity. Nine 16S rRNA sequences, that have been binned to Vis6 MAGs from the Vis6 sorts, were placed in this tree. Six sequences were affiliated to Vis6 cluster C (marked in pink) and three sequences were affiliated to Flavobacterium ponti (in the outgroup). Flavobacterium ponti has appr. 86% 16S rRNA sequence identity to the Vis6 cluster.
Quantum states on Harmonic lattices
Creators: name: Schuch, Norbert
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
name: Wolf, Michael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate bosonic Gaussian quantum states on an infinite cubic lattice in arbitrary spatial dimensions. We derive general properties of such states as ground states of quadratic Hamiltonians for both critical and non-critical cases. Tight analytic relations between the decay of the interaction and the correlation functions are proven and the dependence of the correlation length on band gap and effective mass is derived. We show that properties of critical ground states depend on the gap of the point-symmetrized rather than on that of the original Hamiltonian. For critical systems with polynomially decaying interactions logarithmic deviations from polynomially decaying correlation functions are found. Moreover, we provide a generalization of the matrix product state representation for Gaussian states and show that properties hold analogously to the case of finite dimensional spin systems.
description: 33 pages, 6 figures. Sec. I-VI published in Commun. Math. Phys. 267, 65 (2006). Sec. VII, which introduces Gaussian Matrix Product States, is now available separately at arXiv:1201.3945, and has been published in the Proceedings on the conference on Quantum information and many body quantum systems, edited by M. Ericsson and S. Montangero, pg. 129 (Edizioni della Normale, Pisa, 2008)
Additional file 1 of A pipeline for targeted metagenomics of environmental bacteria
Creators: name: Grieb, Anissa
name: Bowers, Robert M.
name: Monike Oggerin
name: Goudeau, Danielle
name: Lee, Janey
name: Malmstrom, Rex R.
name: Woyke, Tanja
name: Fuchs, Bernhard M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The development of our pipeline was done in three steps before the application on an environmental sample. (1) In the first step, four bacterial isolates (GC content is given in mol%) were treated with four different fixatives (plus unfixed control) and their signal intensity was measured by flow cytometry (1a). Glyoxal was not further analyzed due to low signal intensities (red cross). Three isolates and three of the brighest fixations (plus control) were sorted (100 and 500 cells) and forwarded to MDA (1b). The MDA products of two isolates were sequenced and their genome quality assessed (1c). The best results in total (signal intensity and genome quality) were achieved with ethanol fixation and 500 cells (green star). (2) In the second step, the HCR-FISH protocol from Yamaguchi et al. [21] was adapted with different denaturation temperatures, hybridization buffers and amplification times. The signal intensities were assessed after HCR-FISH via microscopy. (3) In a third step, the optimized HCR-FISH protocol was tested for validation on isolates with ethanol fixation (plus unfixed control). There were no significant differences in assembly metrics between ethanol fixation and unfixed control samples after sequencing of MDA products from 500 sorted cells. (4) The optimized HCR-FISH protocol was tested on ethanol fixed and unfixed seawater samples. Bacteroidetes and the flavobacterial clade Vis6 were targeted by specific HCR-FISH probes, 500 cells sorted and sequenced. For comparison a whole community shotgun metagenome was prepared.
Quantifying daseinisation using Shannon entropy
Creators: name: Zapatrin, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 81P10

description: Topos formalism for quantum mechanics is interpreted in a broader, information retrieval perspective. Contexts, its basic components, are treated as sources of information. Their interplay, called daseinisation, defined in purely logical terms, is reformulated in terms of two relations: exclusion and preclusion of queries. Then, broadening these options, daseinisation becomes a characteristic of proximity of contexts; to quantify it numerically, Shannon entropy is used.
description: LaTeX, 8 pages, no figures
Test of asymptotic freedom and scaling hypothesis in the 2d O(3) sigma model
Creators: name: Balog, J.
name: Weisz, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 7--particle form factors of the fundamental spin field of the O(3) nonlinear $σ$--model are constructed. We calculate the corresponding contribution to the spin--spin correlation function, and compare with predictions from the spectral density scaling hypothesis. The resulting approximation to the spin--spin correlation function agrees well with that computed in renormalized (asymptotically free) perturbation theory in the expected energy range. Further we observe simple lower and upper bounds for the sum of the absolute square of the form factors which may be of use for analytic estimates.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, latex
Additional file 2 of Sensitivity of migratory connectivity estimates to spatial sampling design
Creators: name: Vickers, Stephen H.
name: Franco, Aldina M. A.
name: Gilroy, James J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 2: Figure A2. Hypothetical examples showing the spatial distribution (A) of breeding (yellow dots) and non-breeding locations (blue dots) for a migratory patchy population and the corresponding frequency distributions (B) of pairwise distances between individuals during breeding (yellow line) and non-breeding (blue line). Panels C, E and G show increasingly large spatial subsections within each sub-population, together with the corresponding pairwise distance frequency distributions (D, F and H), highlighting how distance distributions vary with sampling area for breeding, but less so in non-breeding seasons. Total population is shown as translucent and individuals within a spatial subsection shown coloured in in plots C, E and G.
1915-04-29 G.V. Black to McKay - Signed
Creators: name: Black, G. V. (Greene Vardiman), 1836-1915.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1915
Subjects: Dental Fluorosis
Tooth Abnormalities
Fluoridation
Colorado

description: Title: G.V. Black to McKay Container: c02 id: level: (Another version)
Quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering at 180 degrees at large momentum transfers
Creators: name: Petratos, Gerassimos G.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Measurements of cross sections for 180$\sp\circ$ electron scattering from deuterium from near breakup threshold to beyond the quasielastic peak are reported for incident energies of 0.843, 1.020, 1.189 and 1.281 GeV. The data were obtained with the Nuclear Physics Injector beam at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center using a large acceptance 180$\sp\circ$ spectrometer system in End Station A. The experimental technique and the method of analysis are described in detail. The cross sections are in reasonable agreement with calculations based on the impulse approximation that include final-state interactions and meson-exchange currents, given the large uncertainties in the models near the breakup region. The nuclear scaling function $F$($y$) derived from the data is generally in agreement with that obtained from forward angle data at the same $Q\sp2$. Values of $G\sbsp{M}{n}$ determined from the data near the top of the quasielastic peak are consistent with the dipole law and in good agreement with results from previous experiments. The structure function $W\sb1$ was found to exhibit Bjorken scaling near the threshold breakup region. Previous data on the $W\sb1$ structure function were used to extract the ratio $R$ of longitudinal to transverse cross sections. The ratio is in agreement with the theoretical calculations.
Comment Ranking Diversification in Forum Discussions
Creators: name: Northcutt, Curtis G.
name: Leon, Kimberly A.
name: Chen, Naichun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Viewing consumption of discussion forums with hundreds or more comments depends on ranking because most users only view top-ranked comments. When comments are ranked by an ordered score (e.g. number of replies or up-votes) without adjusting for semantic similarity of near-ranked comments, top-ranked comments are more likely to emphasize the majority opinion and incur redundancy. In this paper, we propose a top K comment diversification re-ranking model using Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR) and evaluate its impact in three categories: (1) semantic diversity, (2) inclusion of the semantics of lower-ranked comments, and (3) redundancy, within the context of a HarvardX course discussion forum. We conducted a double-blind, small-scale evaluation experiment requiring subjects to select between the top 5 comments of a diversified ranking and a baseline ranking ordered by score. For three subjects, across 100 trials, subjects selected the diversified (75% score, 25% diversification) ranking as significantly (1) more diverse, (2) more inclusive, and (3) less redundant. Within each category, inter-rater reliability showed moderate consistency, with typical Cohen-Kappa scores near 0.2. Our findings suggest that our model improves (1) diversification, (2) inclusion, and (3) redundancy, among top K ranked comments in online discussion forums.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, published in Learning @ Scale, 2017
Enhanced models for the nonlinear bending of planar rods: localization phenomena and multistability
Creators: name: Brunetti, Matteo
name: Favata, Antonino
name: Vidoli, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We deduce a 1D model of elastic planar rods starting from the Föppl--von Kármán model of thin shells. Such model is enhanced by additional kinematical descriptors that keep explicit track of the compatibility condition requested in the 2D parent continuum, that in the standard rods models are identically satisfied after the dimensional reduction. An inextensible model is also proposed, starting from the nonlinear Koiter model of inextensible shells. These enhanced models describe the nonlinear planar bending of rods and allow to account for some phenomena of preeminent importance even in 1D bodies, such as formation of singularities and localization (d-cones), otherwise inaccessible by the classical 1D models. Moreover, the effects of the compatibility translate into the possibility to obtain multiple stable equilibrium configurations.
Nonlocal Dispersion Cancellation for Three or More Photons
Creators: name: Nodurft, I. C.
name: Shringarpure, S. U.
name: Kirby, B. T.
name: Pittman, T. B.
name: Franson, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement of quantum systems can produce a variety of nonclassical effects that have practical applications in quantum information science. One example of this is nonlocal dispersion cancellation, in which the effects of dispersion on one photon can be canceled out by the dispersion experienced by a second photon at a distant location. In this paper, we extend the analysis of nonlocal dispersion cancellation to three or more photons. We find that energy-time entanglement of three or more photons can lead to a complete or partial cancellation of dispersion depending on the experimental conditions. These results may be useful in implementing quantum key distribution in networks with three or more nodes.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering at 180 degrees at large momentum transfers
Creators: name: Petratos, Gerassimos G.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5106
subject: Nuclear and plasma physics
classificationCode: 5107
subject: Particle and high energy physics

description: Measurements of cross sections for 180$\sp\circ$ electron scattering from deuterium from near breakup threshold to beyond the quasielastic peak are reported for incident energies of 0.843, 1.020, 1.189 and 1.281 GeV. The data were obtained with the Nuclear Physics Injector beam at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center using a large acceptance 180$\sp\circ$ spectrometer system in End Station A. The experimental technique and the method of analysis are described in detail. The cross sections are in reasonable agreement with calculations based on the impulse approximation that include final-state interactions and meson-exchange currents, given the large uncertainties in the models near the breakup region. The nuclear scaling function $F$($y$) derived from the data is generally in agreement with that obtained from forward angle data at the same $Q\sp2$. Values of $G\sbsp{M}{n}$ determined from the data near the top of the quasielastic peak are consistent with the dipole law and in good agreement with results from previous experiments. The structure function $W\sb1$ was found to exhibit Bjorken scaling near the threshold breakup region. Previous data on the $W\sb1$ structure function were used to extract the ratio $R$ of longitudinal to transverse cross sections. The ratio is in agreement with the theoretical calculations.
The Hochschild cohomology ring modulo nilpotence of a monomial algebra
Creators: name: Green, E. L.
name: Snashall, N.
name: Solberg, Ø.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E40, 16P10

description: For a finite dimensional monomial algebra $Λ$ over a field $K$ we show that the Hochschild cohomology ring of $Λ$ modulo the ideal generated by homogeneous nilpotent elements is a commutative finitely generated $K$-algebra of Krull dimension at most one. This was conjectured to be true for any finite dimensional algebra over a field by Snashall-Solberg.
description: 35 pages
Computer-Assisted Instruction And Critical Thinking (CAIACT) developmental model
Creators: name: Akbari-Zarin, Mansour
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In spite of the efforts of the education and mathematics communities, the mathematics background of recent American high school graduates entering American colleges and universities is less than that of their counterparts in other countries and indeed less than that of their counterparts in the U.S. in the early 1960s. Some educators blame the problem on the gap between knowledge and analytical abilities and recommend that instruction should be in the manner of critical thinking. The invention of microcomputers in 1979 was a turning point in applications of computers, and it is believed among educators that microcomputers will play an important role in education and especially as a strong tutorial tool in the form of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI). This study introduces a new approach by providing a new model that can be used to write educational courseware. The new model, Computer Assisted Instruction And Critical Thinking (CAIACT), uses the strengths of CAI and the skills of critical thinking. An example of how a CAIACT model can be used for teaching Mathematics of Finance is included in this study. The courseware was tested on a sample of 168 students. Statistical analyses were done to test the hypotheses that the courseware developed for Mathematics of Finance did not improve the performance of its users and that the users of courseware did not like using a computer for instruction. The technical aspects of the courseware were also analyzed. As a subsidiary objective this study asked whether students believed that CAI could eliminate possible discrimination by teachers on the basis of sex, race, citizenship, and age, assuming that the instructional material was not biased. The courseware improved significantly the performance of its users, they liked the use of CAI for instruction, they analyzed the courseware favorably, and they believed that CAI could eliminate possible discrimination by teachers.