cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Imaging the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse
Creators: name: Montargès, M.
name: Cannon, E.
name: Lagadec, E.
name: de Koter, A.
name: Kervella, P.
name: Sanchez-Bermudez, J.
name: Paladini, C.
name: Cantalloube, F.
name: Decin, L.
name: Scicluna, P.
name: Kravchenko, K.
name: Dupree, A. K.
name: Ridgway, S.
name: Wittkowski, M.
name: Anugu, N.
name: Norris, R.
name: Rau, G.
name: Perrin, G.
name: Chiavassa, A.
name: Kraus, S.
name: Monnier, J. D.
name: Millour, F.
name: Le Bouquin, J. -B.
name: Haubois, X.
name: Lopez, B.
name: Stee, P.
name: Danchi, W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: individual: Betelgeuse
supergiants
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: evolution

description: From November 2019 to April 2020, the prototypical red supergiant Betelgeuse experienced an unexpected and historic dimming. This event was observed worldwide by astrophysicists, and also by the general public with the naked eye. I will present the results of our observing campaign with ESO's VLT and VLTI in the visible and near infrared domains. The observations with SPHERE-ZIMPOL, SPHERE-IRDIS and GRAVITY provide spatially resolved diagnostics of this event. Using PHOENIX atmosphere models and RADMC3D dust radiative transfer simulations, we built a consistent model reproducing the images and the photometry.
description: {"references": ["Refereed publication: Montarg\u00e8s et al. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03546-8"]}
Smooth infinite economies
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
name: Zhou, Yuqing
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: Equilibrium conditions in smooth infinite economies with separable utilities are described by Fredholm maps, which are Frechet differentiable. Therefore, Smale's extension of Sard's theorem can be used to study infinite economies. We study structural stability and local uniqueness of equilibrium in smooth infinite economies and relate the theory of markets to modern Fredholm theory.
Influence of porosity on charging speed of Polypyrrole supercapacitors
Creators: name: Fekri, Niloofar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the field of energy storage, two main factors are essential for storage devices: the power density and energy density, both of which can be provided by supercapacitors. Supercapacitors offer a power to mass and cycle life greater than batteries and an energy density that is much greater than capacitors, making them appropriate for use in portable electronics, hybrid vehicles, and similar applications. Power to mass and discharge time are still not fast enough, however, for use in, for example flash cameras or cell phones or power quality applications. Charging time and power in these devices are often limited by the rate of ion transport into the electrodes. The hypothesis proposed in this thesis is that making electrodes porous increases their speed and hence power, but may reduce the capacitance at the same time. So in order to investigate the hypothesis various electrodes (e.g. pure polypyrrole (PPy) and its composites (carbon nanofiber (CNF) plus PPy) with varying porosities are made. Techniques used to investigate these samples are Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Ionic Conductivity (IC) measurements, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements. Through these techniques, it is found that the time constant reduces significantly (by ~ 1 x10⁴ times) for very porous electrodes as expected from hypothesis, and the capacitance reduces by a small factor (by ~ 7 times) compared to that. Even for least porous samples a huge time constant reduction (by ~ 37 times) compared to pure PPy is achieved with only ~ 2 times reduction in volumetric capacitance. The plausibility of these improvements is checked by analyzing the rate-limiting factors in ion transport and it is found that ionic time constants at very high porosities are not representative of the speed of the full cell. The reason for this is due to solution resistance becoming a rate-limiting factor for porosities more than ~ 50%. In this case, any improvements in speed (power) can be achieved by reducing that resistance. Other methods for further improving the power densities are also suggested and they include reducing the separator and electrode thicknesses for instance.
Magnetization Dynamics, Throughput and Energy Dissipation in a Universal Multiferroic Nanomagnetic Logic Gate with Fan-in and Fan-out
Creators: name: Fashami, Mohammad Salehi
name: Atulasimha, Jayasimha
name: Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The switching dynamics of a multiferroic nanomagnetic NAND gate with fan-in/fan-out is simulated by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation while neglecting thermal fluctuation effects. The gate and logic wires are implemented with dipole-coupled 2-phase (magnetostrictive/piezoelectric) multiferroic elements that are clocked with electrostatic potentials of ~50 mV applied to the piezoelectric layer generating 10 MPa stress in the magnetostrictive layers for switching. We show that a pipeline bit throughput rate of ~ 0.5 GHz is achievable with proper magnet layout and sinusoidal four-phase clocking. The gate operation is completed in 2 ns with a latency of 4 ns. The total (internal + external) energy dissipated for a single gate operation at this throughput rate is found to be only ~ 1000 kT in the gate and ~3000 kT in the 12-magnet array comprising two input and two output wires for fan-in and fan-out. This makes it respectively 3 and 5 orders of magnitude more energy-efficient than complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-transistor (CMOS) based and spin-transfer-torque-driven nanomagnet based NAND gates. Finally, we show that the dissipation in the external clocking circuit can always be reduced asymptotically to zero using increasingly slow adiabatic clocking, such as by designing the RC time constant to be 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the clocking period. However, the internal dissipation in the device must remain and cannot be eliminated if we want to perform fault-tolerant classical computing. Keywords: Nanomagnetic logic, multiferroics, straintronics and spintronics, Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation.
MODERN APPROACHES TO CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF ABNORMAL UTERINE HAEMORRHAGE
Creators: name: Soleyeva, Nigina
name: Khurramova, Nafosat
name: Nasimova, N.R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Despite the achievements of modern medicine, uterine bleeding continues to be a significant clinical and social problem. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has a negative impact not only on women's physical health, but also on their emotional state, social adaptation, and financial well-being. About 30% of patients in gynecological clinics seek medical help for AMH. The frequency of this pathology increases with age: while in the reproductive period, it is 20-30%, in the peri- and postmenopausal period it reaches 80%. AUB is the second leading cause of hospitalization of women in gynecological hospitals and is a frequent indication for surgical interventions, including organ-destroying operations.
Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in the Chandra and XMM-Newton Era
Creators: name: Feng, Hua
name: Soria, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are accreting black holes that may contain the missing population of intermediate mass black holes or reflect super-Eddington accretion physics. Ten years of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of ULXs, integrated by multiband studies of their counterparts, have produced a wealth of observational data and phenomenological classifications. We review the properties of their host galaxies, list popular spectral models and implications for standard and supercritical accretion physics, demonstrate how X-ray timing of these objects places constraints on their masses. We also review multiwavelength studies of ULXs, including the optical emission of the binary system and nebulosity around them. We summarize that three classes of black holes could power ULXs: normal stellar mass black holes (~10 solar masses), massive stellar black holes (~< 100 solar masses), and intermediate mass black holes (10^2 - 10^4 solar masses). We collect evidence for the presence of these three types of compact objects, including caveat of each interpretation, and briefly review their formation processes.
description: Solicited review in New Astronomy Reviews. v2: final version for publication, 21 pages, 5 figures, references added, small revisions made, thanks to many colleagues for useful comments
weHelp: A Reference Architecture for Social Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Sheth, Swapneel Kalpesh
name: Arora, Nipun
name: Murphy, Christian
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Recommender systems have become increasingly popular. Most of the research on recommender systems has focused on recommendation algorithms. There has been relatively little research, however, in the area of generalized system architectures for recommendation systems. In this paper, we introduce weHelp: a reference architecture for social recommender systems — systems where recommendations are derived automatically from the aggregate of logged activities conducted by the system's users. Our architecture is designed to be application and domain agnostic. We feel that a good reference architecture will make designing a recommendation system easier; in particular, weHelp aims to provide a practical design template to help developers design their own well-modularized systems.
title: Entwicklung und Validierung einer Simulationsumgebung mit fernwirk- und stationsleittechnischen Funktionen und IEC 60870-5-104 Kommunikation unter Java
Creators: name: Fariad, Dardae
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 621.3 Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: Die Masterthesis Entwicklung und Validierung einer Simulationsumgebung mit fernwirk und stationsleittechnischen Funktionen und IEC 60870-5-104 Kommunikation unter Java
umfasst die Implementierung einer Simulationsumgebung zur Veranschaulichung
fernwirk- und stationsleittechnischer Vorgänge in Kombination mit einer IEC 60870-5-104 Kommunikation. Die Simulationsumgebung ist dabei als IEC 60870-5-104-Server definiert. Nach der Stationsinitialisierung und der Übertragungssteuerung kann die Simulationsumgebung Telegramme in Steuerungsrichtung empfangen, analysieren und entsprechende
fernwirk- und stationsleittechnische Vorgänge auslösen. In Melderichtung sind
spontane Prozessänderungen oder durch Steuervorgänge ausgelöste Änderungen durch Generierung und Übertragung von Telegrammen umzusetzen. Mit der Simulationsumgebung können durch eine IEC 60870-5-104 Kommunikation ausgelöste Vorgänge innerhalb eines Fernwirkgerätes sowie anhand einer Prozesssimulation demonstriert werden.
Multidimensional Inverse Scattering of Integrable Lattice Equations
Creators: name: Butler, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a discrete inverse scattering transform for all ABS equations excluding Q4. The nonlinear partial difference equations presented in the ABS hierarchy represent a comprehensive class of scalar affine-linear lattice equations which possess the multidimensional consistency property. Due to this property it is natural to consider these equations living in an N-dimensional lattice, where the solutions depend on N distinct independent variables and associated parameters. The direct scattering procedure, which is one-dimensional, is carried out along a staircase within this multidimensional lattice. The solutions obtained are dependent on all N lattice variables and parameters. We further show that the soliton solutions derived from the Cauchy matrix approach are exactly the solutions obtained from reflectionless potentials, and we give a short discussion on inverse scattering solutions of some previously known lattice equations, such as the lattice KdV equation.
description: 18 pages
High Mobility in a Stable Transparent Perovskite Oxide
Creators: name: Kim, Hyung Joon
name: Kim, Useong
name: Kim, Hoon Min
name: Kim, Tai Hoon
name: Mun, Hyo Sik
name: Jeon, Byung-Gu
name: Hong, Kwang Taek
name: Lee, Woong-Jhae
name: Ju, Chanjong
name: Kim, Kee Hoon
name: Char, Kookrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discovered that La-doped BaSnO3 with the perovskite structure has an unprecedentedly high mobility at room temperature while retaining its optical transparency. In single crystals, the mobility reached 320 cm^2(Vs)^-1 at a doping level of 8x10^19 cm^-3, constituting the highest value among wide-band-gap semiconductors. In epitaxial films, the maximum mobility was 70 cm^2(Vs)^-1 at a doping level of 4.4x10^20 cm^-3. We also show that resistance of (Ba,La)SnO3 changes little even after a thermal cycle to 530 Deg. C in air, pointing to an unusual stability of oxygen atoms and great potential for realizing transparent high-frequency, high-power functional devices.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Inward FDI in Peru and its policy context
Creators: name: Chavez, Benjamin
name: Dupuy, Jaime
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Managerial economics
Finance
Economics

description: Peru has shifted from being a small FDI player in the Latin America and Caribbean region in the 1990s to being the sixth largest FDI host country in 2008. With inflows of US$ 6.9 and US$ 4.8 billions in 2008 and 2009, respectively, Peru has managed to contain the impact of the financial crisis on inward FDI (IFDI). The main determinants of the improved FDI performance were: a stable economic and FDI policy since 1992; vast natural resources; strong gross domestic product (GDP) and market growth; and an export-oriented economy, especially during the past decade. In recent years, Peru has become one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America and a diversified commercial hub for IFDI in the region.
Japanese macroeconomic dilemmas: The implications of demographics for growth and stability
Creators: name: Smitka, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Commerce

description: Japan's post-WWII baby boom and the subsequent drop in fertility resulted in a series of sharp demographic transitions. The macroeconomic impact is large. Due to labor force changes, growth in the 1990s would in any event have been in the range of 1-2%, little better than actual performance; poor monetary and fiscal policy are secondary in importance. Demographic changes also led to swings in domestic savings and investment balances and in the flow-of-funds among sectors. With hindsight it should not be surprising that policymakers made major blunders or that financial institutions incurred large losses attempting to adapt to swings in the structure of their balance sheets. Finally, Japan now faces the demographic transition to an old-age society, from a starting point of large fiscal deficits and with a large stock of government debt. Restoring fiscal sustainability on top of the need to increase revenues to cover age-related transfers will require net taxes to increase by 19% of GDP. Accomplishing that will be a major political and administrative challenge and will inevitably hold growth below its 1% potential level during the coming decade.
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in single-cell ageing and health
Creators: name: Green, Alistair
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Ageing is associated with a range of chronic diseases and has diverse hallmarks. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to pathological mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations can have catastrophic impacts on cell and tissue health, and have been implicated in ageing. These mtDNA mutations can occur at all points in an organism's life due to the constant turnover of mitochondria. We begin by observing a striking coincidence between preliminary estimates of the expected time to fixation for a post-developmental mtDNA mutation and human lifespan, which leads us to ask, is this coincidence backed up by data? To answer this question we develop a computational pipeline for identifying mtDNA mutations from multiple single-cell sequencing data types. We use this variant calling pipeline on cells taken from early mouse embryos, and find that competition between these cells is triggered by the presence of mtDNA mutations. We then derive the analytic form of the heteroplasmy distribution of somatic mtDNA mutations using coalescent theory, and show that while the mutation rate modulates the absolute number of mutations, it is the copy number and turnover rate of mtDNA that determines how quickly mtDNA mutations can spread to the entire cell. Finally we find somatic mtDNA mutations across single-cell datasets from multiple species and tissues, and find that our indicative coincidence between the estimated expected time to fixation and human lifespan is in fact a true coincidence backed up by data. Further, we discover that: somatic mtDNA mutations constitute the vast majority of the mutational burden of aged tissues, that these mutations avoid selection, and that their presence covaries with many of the hallmarks of ageing.
Revivify: the restoration of the African market place
Creators: name: Akpan, Iboro Toni-Anthea
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 47
description: Thesis is in colour.
description: This project focuses on how architecture can play its part within the transient realms of culture and customs. The traditional african market place was one of the most vi­tal institutions of African communities. It was one of the few places that culture was experienced and displayed in its glory; it was a place that inherently expressed varied meanings and uses to the society. With the change in culture, some traits that strongly identified the african has been ignored within the built environment. This project fo­cuses on what these cultural tendencies are and how it can be accommodated within the context of the built environment. With the insight and knowledge of how the tra­ditional african market place located in west Africa functioned, one is able to create concepts and re-enact it into frameworks that would be able to function today.
title: Citizen Science 2.0 - Arbeitspapier zum Leitbild und Entwicklungsprozess - Zukunftsstadt 2030+ Gelsenkirchen
Creators: name: Fink, Kira
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Im Rahmen des vom BMBF geförderten Verbundprojektes "Lernende Stadt Gelsenkirchen – Bildung und Partizipation als Strategien sozialräumlicher Entwicklung" soll im Forschungsschwerpunkt Citizen Science ein Konzept zur Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wissenschaft und Stadtgesellschaft (Citizen Science 2.0) mit Handlungsempfehlungen und Gelingensbedingungen erarbeitet werden. In der vorliegenden Ausarbeitung wird ein (heuristisches) Leitbild zu Citizen Science 2.0 formuliert, welches in der konkreten Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis im Rahmen der Lernenden Stadt Gelsenkirchen An-wendung finden soll. Dabei ging es zunächst um die Annäherung an ein gemeinsames Verständnis der Zusammenarbeit, das Arbeitspapier dient aber auch dem späteren Abgleich der Heuristik mit der prakti-schen Umsetzung. Das Verständnis leitet sich aus ersten mit Praxisakteuren der Lernenden Stadt Gelsenkirchener sowie mit den im Prozess involvierten wissenschaftlichen Partner*innen ab. Neben dem Leitbild selbst, werden der Erarbeitungs- bzw. Entwicklungsprozess und die Ergebnisse der Gruppendiskussionen dargestellt. Hierin werden die kontroversen, konstruktiven Diskussionen und Ansichten in Bezug auf die Rolle der Wissenschaft im Prozess sowie die vielschichtigen Erwartungen an die Zusammenarbeit, insbesondere seitens der Praxisakteure, deutlich. Das vorgelegte Arbeitspapier stellt eine Ergänzung zu der vorangegangenen theoretischen Präzisierung des Gelsenkirchener Citizen Science 2.0-Ansatzes dar (Fink, 2020) und ist Grundlage für die weiteren Forschungsarbeiten wie für die prozessuale konzeptionelle Weiterentwicklung des Gelsenkirchener Modells.
Contracting with contracts: How the Japanese manage organizational transactions
Creators: name: Smitka, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This book seeks to pull together two approaches to institutions, those of law and organizational theory. As an economist, I stand somewhat apart from both of those approaches. Within economics, law on the one hand is presumed to provide an essential support for "market" transactions, but the nature of that support is seldom specified. On the other hand, organizational studies focus upon "hierarchy," the locus of most day-to-day economic activity in the U.S. Economics, however, typically treats organizations as a black box that is best left unopened. Here my focus is on the presumed centrality of contract law, drawing upon empirical work on the Japanese auto industry.
Multiepoch resolved observations of the Atmosphere of the Betelgeuse in 2019-2020 using differential speckle polarimetry
Creators: name: Safonov, Boris
name: Dodin, Alexandr
name: Burlak, Marina
name: Goliguzova, Maria
name: Fedoteva, Anna
name: Zheltoukhov, Sergei
name: Lamzin, Sergei
name: Strakhov, Ivan
name: Voziakova, Olga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: individual: Betelgeuse
supergiants
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: evolution

description: Detailed monitoring of atmospheres of red supergiant stars is essential for the verification of physical models of mass loss. For such observations it is fundamentally important to employ methods resolving inhomogeneous stellar atmosphere. We present the observations of Betelgeuse using differential speckle polarimetry at the 2.5-m telescope of Caucasian Mountain Observatory of SAI MSU covering the period of 2019-2020 minimum. The observations were secured on 17 dates at wavelengths 465, 550, 625 and 880 nm. A circumstellar reflection nebula with the characteristic angular size of 0.1" was detected for all the dates and at all wavelengths. The morphology of the nebula changed significantly over the observational period. Net polarized brightness of the envelope remained constant until February 2020, while the stellar V band flux decreased 2.5 times. Starting from mid-February 2020, polarized flux of the envelope rose 2.1 times, at the same time the star returned to the pre-minimum state of October 2019.
description: {"references": ["Associated publication: arXiv:2005.05215"]}
Does the AIDS Epidemic Really Threaten Economic Growth?
Creators: name: Bloom, David E.
name: Mahal, Ajay S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics
Public health

description: This study examines the claim that the AIDS epidemic will slow the pace of economic growth. We do this by examining the association, across fifty-one developing and industrial countries for which we were able to assemble data, between changes in the prevalence of AIDS and the rate of growth of GDP per capita. Our analysis uses well-established empirical growth models to control for a variety of factors possibly correlated with AIDS prevalence that migt also influence growth. We also account for possible simultaneity in the relationship between AIDS and economic growth. Our main finding is that the AIDS epidemic has had an insignificant effect on the growth rate of per capita income, with no evidence of reverse causality. We also find evidence that the insignificant effect of AIDS on income per capita is qualitatively similar to an insignificantly effect on wages of the Black Death in England and France during the Middle Ages and an insignificant effect on output per capita of influenza in India during 1918-19.
Small world yields the most effective information spreading
Creators: name: Lü, Linyuan
name: Chen, Duan-Bing
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spreading dynamics of information and diseases are usually analyzed by using a unified framework and analogous models. In this paper, we propose a model to emphasize the essential difference between information spreading and epidemic spreading, where the memory effects, the social reinforcement and the non-redundancy of contacts are taken into account. Under certain conditions, the information spreads faster and broader in regular networks than in random networks, which to some extent supports the recent experimental observation of spreading in online society [D. Centola, Science {\bf 329}, 1194 (2010)]. At the same time, simulation result indicates that the random networks tend to be favorable for effective spreading when the network size increases. This challenges the validity of the above-mentioned experiment for large-scale systems. More significantly, we show that the spreading effectiveness can be sharply enhanced by introducing a little randomness into the regular structure, namely the small-world networks yield the most effective information spreading. Our work provides insights to the understanding of the role of local clustering in information spreading.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted by New J. Phys
Thermodynamics of phase transition in higher dimensional AdS black holes
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
name: Roychowdhury, Dibakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermodynamics of phase transition for $ (n+1) $ dimensional Reissner Nordstrom (RN)-AdS black holes using a grand canonical ensemble. This phase transition is characterized by a discontinuity in specific heat. The phase transition occurs from a lower mass black hole with negative specific heat to a higher mass black hole with positive specific heat. By exploring Ehrenfest's scheme we show that this is a second order phase transition. Explicit expressions for the critical temperature and critical mass are derived. In appropriate limits the results for $ (n+1) $ dimensional Schwarzschild AdS black holes are obtained.
description: LaTex, 11 pages, 5 figures, To appear in JHEP
Structure and mass ejection of VY Cma
Creators: name: Quintana-Lacaci, G.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Agúndez, M.
name: Fonfría, J. P.
name: Velilla, L.
name: Decin, L.
name: Castro-Carrizo, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: individual: Betelgeuse
supergiants
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: evolution

description: ALMA has allowed us to study the ejecta around evolved stars with unprecedented resolution. This extremely high resolution at the millimeter domain provides a unique tool to study the processes taking place in the innermost regions of these evolved stars. In particular, the processes leading to the mass ejections of the Red Supergiant stars are unknown. Therefore, studying the characteristics of the mass ejections near the photosphere of the massive stars is essential to constrain the processes leading to the observed gas ejection. In this sense, we have obtained interferometric maps in the range 231.7 – 235.3 GHz of the ejecta around the Red Supergiant star VY CMa with an spatial resolution of ~0.02". These maps revealed a level of complexity higher than anticipated from previous observations. The complexity seems to be due both to structural and chemical processes. The molecular lines covered within these maps range from upper energies 19 up to 3400 K, tracing different excitation conditions. We will present a global view of the different structures observed.
Economic Risk and Political Risk in Fiscal Unions
Creators: name: Perotti, Roberto
name: Alesina, Alberto
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: A fiscal program that redistributes income from rich to poor individuals indirectly redistributes tax revenues from regions hit by a favorable shock to regions hit by an unfavorable one. Centralized fiscal redistribution has therefore been advocated as a way to insure individuals against region-specific shocks. In this paper, we argue that a centralized fiscal policy, while reducing the uncertainty on the tax base, creates uncertainty on the tax rate. This occurs because regions hit by different shocks have contrasting interests on the choice of the policy instrument. Using a simple model with two regions and linear taxes, we show that the higher uncertainty on the policy instrument might more than offset the lower uncertainty on the tax base, thus making a majority of agents in each region worse off in a centralized regime. The model is a special case of a more general idea. Heterogeneous entities can reap numerous advantages from integration: mutual insurance (on which we focus), economies of scale, more bargaining power are only a few of them. However, at the same time the same process of integration can increase the unpredictability of any endogenous policy, because more diverse entities participate in the decision-making process, and therefore the opportunities for disagreement increase. In principle, this second effect might offset the advantages of integration.
title: re:search : das Forschungsmagazin, Ausgabe 2, Juni 2019
title: Gesundheitswesen der Zukunft = future healthcare
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hochschule Reutlingen
Publisher: name: Hochschule Reutlingen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Mehr denn je zeigt ein Blick auf die aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Debatten, wie wichtig angewandte Forschung ist, denn sie liefert fundierte Fakten und Erkenntnisse für den politischen Diskurs. So verstehen wir unseren Auftrag zur Forschung: Wir helfen Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft, Lösungen für die drängenden Fragen unserer Zeit zu entwickeln. Wie wir das machen? Auf den folgenden Seiten bekommen Sie einen kleinen Einblick in die aktuellen Forschungsprojekte an der Hochschule. Sie werden feststellen, dass diesmal ganz der Mensch im Mittelpunkt steht. Gute Forschung ist auch die Grundlage für die Ausbildung hochqualifizierter Absolventinnen und Absolventen, die die Unternehmen so dringend brauchen, um nachhaltig wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. Wir machen die Studierenden fit für die „Welt da draußen“ – mit besonderen Laborprojekten (Seite 26), mit spannenden Promotionsarbeiten (Seite 10) und Unterstützung von Ausgründungen (Seite 18).
The Italian Budget Procedures: Analysis and Proposals
Creators: name: Perotti, Roberto
name: Alesina, Alberto
name: Mare, Mauro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: One of the main arguments of this paper is that complexity, lack of transparency, and convoluted laws and regulations make it very difficult to handle the Italian public finances and make debt reduction policies particularly difficult. In our view, a budget procedure can do two things: (1) make it possible for responsible governments or parliaments to run fiscal policy in a clear and transparent way; (2) make it more difficult for irresponsible governments or parliaments to hide their irresponsibility. We make several proposals that aim at simplifying the preparation, presentation and discussion of the various budget documents, with the goal of making it easier to detect and allocate the blame for irresponsible fiscal behaviour. We make a second set of proposals aimed at reinforcing the role of the treasury minister within the executive, and of the executive relative to parliament, to entrust the process to the agent that normally has the best information and incentives to enforce fiscal discipline.
A Mixed Integer Programming Model Formulation for Solving the Lot-Sizing Problem
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Maryam
name: Tap, Masine Md.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper addresses a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation for the multi-item uncapacitated lot-sizing problem that is inspired from the trailer manufacturer. The proposed MIP model has been utilized to find out the optimum order quantity, optimum order time, and the minimum total cost of purchasing, ordering, and holding over the predefined planning horizon. This problem is known as NP-hard problem. The model was presented in an optimal software form using LINGO 13.0.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, 13 tables; International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 2, No 1, March 2012
The use of cultural clusters as an urban regeneration tool
Creators: name: Pawlyk, Travis
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2009
Subjects: waterfront
urban regeneration
culture-led regeneration
cultural clusters
Rotterdam
Manchester
Salford Quays
Kop van Zuid

description: Bibliography: p. 123-130
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Contains blank pages.
description: Urban regeneration is a holistic approach that combines economic, social, physical and environmental aspects in the redevelopment of declined urban sites. This Master's Degree Project looks at the use of cultural clusters as a tool for waterfront urban regeneration. This approach rests on the notion that culture is recognised as a broad 'way of life' and that cultural resources are used as economic and urban development devices. An evolution of waterfront urban regeneration is outlined that culminates with various ways in which culture has led the process. Two in depth case studies are presented, Manchester's Salford Quays and Rotterdam's Kop van Zuid, which demonstrate a successful long-term approach to regeneration. It is found that the cultural clusters created within these two developments through place-positioning strategies, cultural industry promotion, and synergy creation has allowed the schemes to project themselves on a global stage attracting investment, residents, and visitors to the respective sites and cities. Canada's experience in urban regeneration has been quite limited. Drawing on the lessons from the case studies, the MDP provides a set of planning policy recommendations to Canadian municipalities emphasizing the need to pursue comprehensive culture-led regeneration through partnerships with businesses and communities.
A longitudinal study of staffing patterns in U.S. affiliates of Japanese multinational corporations
Creators: name: Beechler, Schon L.
name: Iaquinto, Anthony L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper present results from a longitudinal investigation of staffing of 50 Japanese affiliates in the U.S. between 1974 and 1990. Results indicate that international experience and dependence of the MNC on affiliates lead to greater use of expatriates. Additional findings and their implications are also discussed.
title: Von Brücken, Menschen und Systemen : Festschrift für Michael Wörz
Creators: name: Banke, Bernd
Publisher: name: Hochschule Reutlingen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 100 Philosophie

description: Michael Wörz erfüllte 26 Jahre lang das Amt und die Aufgabe des Referenten für Technik- und Wirtschaftsethik an den Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften des Landes Baden-Württemberg. Ihm war die Interdisziplinarität, die diese Aufgaben erfordern würde, in sein berufliches Stammbuch geschrieben. Ein Ingenieur, der Philosophie studierte und dort promovierte, der zudem sein wissenschaftliches Schaffen aus der Perspektive der Theorien eines Soziologen vorantrieb, hatte gelernt, interdisziplinär zu denken und zu arbeiten. Ihm fiel die Aufgabe zu, das zum Überleben künftiger Generationen fachübergreifende, notwendige Wissen in die akademische Ausbildung der Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften zu tragen, und das hat Michael Wörz über die Jahre seiner Amtszeit wahrlich getan. Neben diesen Aufgaben eines engagierten und innovativen Hochschullehrers war er auch in der Politik ein streitbarer Vertreter der Ethik und der Nachhaltigen Entwicklung, der geholfen hat, den Lehrenden an den Hochschulen den Weg zu bereiten.
Conceptualizing zones of business model innovation for exploration and exploitation in value networks
Creators: name: Kringelum, Louise Brøns
name: Gjerding, Allan Næs
Publisher: name: Journal of Business Models
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: This exploratory study develops insights into how business model innovation of a focal firm occurs along a continuum of exploration and exploitation within and beyond a value network


Design/methodology/approach: A longitudinal case study was undertaken in an asset-based logistics intermediary covering four subcases in a port system. Following an abductive logic, the findings have been systematically combined with a review of contemporary endeavors on how to handle the conceptual ambiguity of business model innovation


Findings: We present a novel classification of business model innovation as a process which combines exploration and exploitation of business opportunities as drivers of organizational integration within value networks.


Originality/value: Instead of adhering to a classic scientific point of view that conceptual ambiguities need to be eliminated in research on business model innovation, the present paper approaches the conceptual ambiguity as something which reflects and portrays the diversity of reality and contributes to the understanding and guidance of action and decision making. In effect, while the proposed classification contributes to the theoretical and practical clarification of business model innovation, it also opens up new lines of diversity in research, especially regarding how business model innovation requires reconfiguration of inter-organizational relations and the management of ambidexterity.
description: Journal of Business Models, Vol 6 No 3 (2018): Journal of Business Models
Is the Japanese extended family altruistically linked? A test based on Engel curves
Creators: name: Hayashi, Fumio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Altruism has the well-known neutrality implication that consumption is invariant to division of resources within the family. We test this by estimating Engel curves for Japanese two-generation households. The hypothesis that Engel curves are not affected by division of resources between parent and child can be strongly rejected. The food items whose budget share increases with parent's share of household income are precisely those favored by old generations such as cereal, fish, and vegetables.
Business Model Development: A Customer-Oriented Perspective
Creators: name: Wirtz, Bernd W.
name: Daiser, Peter
Publisher: name: Journal of Business Models
Year: 2019

description: Managers are increasingly confronted with environmental disruptions and changing customer preferences that require continuous business model development. Given this situation, it is surprising that there is only a limited understanding of business model development that builds upon customer-orientation. Therefore, this study presents a framework for customer-oriented business model development. The findings underline the importance of customer-orientation and suggest the use of customized customer-oriented development sets for a systematic approach that takes into account distinctive customer groups, business model change intensity, and business model development types. The presented framework provides fruitful avenues for future research and valuable guidance for management.
description: Journal of Business Models, Vol 6 No 3 (2018): Journal of Business Models
Topological methods of preference and judgment aggregation
Creators: name: Jakobsen, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem is a classical result in social choice theory (a branch of economic theory), which states that any system of rules for combining (“aggregating”) individual preference relations into a single representative relation results in a “dictatorship” where the combined preference only reflects the wishes of a single individual (provided that the aggregation rule satisfies two basic criteria). Since the 1980s, this result has been reformulated and understood using algebraic topology. The topological approach offers some geometric intuition as to why Arrow’s theorem holds, and can also be used to find alternative hypotheses which may escape the dictatorship outcome. A thorough examination of such topological models constitutes the main body of this thesis. Recently, social choice theory has been generalized (resulting in a field called “judgment aggregation”), and results analogous to Arrow's theorem have been established. The second part of this thesis introduces this field of study, and studies how some of the techniques from topological social choice theory can be extended to understand dictatorship outcomes in the theory of judgment aggregation. Although the analysis is restricted to a rather simple case, it nonetheless highlights the potential for a more general topological model of judgment aggregation, and exposes the main challenges that must be overcome in constructing such a theory.
Constraining the properties of red supergiants stars with 3D MHD models
Creators: name: Meyer, Dominique
name: Mignone, A.
name: Petrov, M.
name: Scherer, K.
name: Velazquez, P. F.
name: Boumis, P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: individual: Betelgeuse
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: evolution
supergiants
Stars: individual: IRC-10414

description: IRC-10414 is the twince star of Betelgeuse, as (i) they are both evolved massive stars in the cool red supergiant phase, (ii) experience high proper motion into a hot local interstellar medium (ISM), which (iii) produce the formation of a stellar wind bow shock nebula. We present 3D MHD numerical simulations of the astrosphere of the runaway red supergiant IRC −10414, which smooth appearance of its circumstellar bow shock might caused by the ionization of its wind by external sources of radiation. We investigate therein the additional effects of the ISM magnetization and explore how the inclination angle of an ordered background magnetic field with respect to the direction of motion of the red supergiant affects the development of their surroundings. Although our numerical simulations of the bow shock generated by IRC −10414 (the first-ever RSG with an optically detected bow shock) qualitatively reproduce the overall shape and surface brightness of the observed bow shock, they reveal that his internal structure is deeply affected by the direction of the ISM magnetic field, while the stellar magnetic field plays very little role in its shaping. Radiative transfer calculations at optical Ha and NII emission lines also show that the bow shock emission comes mainly from the shocked stellar wind. This naturally explains the enhanced nitrogen abundance in the line-emitting material, derived from the spectroscopy of the astrosphere of IRC-10414.
description: {"references": ["Refereed publication: Meyer et al. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2026"]}
Emerging Revenue Models for Personal Data Platform Operators: When Individuals are in Control of Their Data
Creators: name: Kemppainen, Laura
name: Koivumäki, Timo
name: Pikkarainen, Minna
name: Poikola, Antti
Publisher: name: Journal of Business Models
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: This paper identifies emerging revenue models for personal data platform operators that facilitate the exchange of resources between an individual and a service provider for their mutual benefit. Context of this study is human-centered personal data management, which refers to individuals being able to control the use and access of their personal data for third-party services.

Design: This research is conducted by analysing qualitative questionnaire data from 27 organizations from 12 different countries that are considered as forerunners in creating services in this context.

Findings: Our study shows that personal data platform operators can generate revenue by combining transaction-, service-, connection- and membership fees. The study also reveals context-specific propositions for the foundation of revenue model creation. Monetising personal data in the form of advertising like we know it today is explicitly avoided among personal data platform operators.

Research limitations/ implications: This study calls for further research about how does providing control over personal data to individuals influence on business models of platform operators and other service providers in the market.

Practical implications: For practitioners, this research offers new insights on revenue models that are being developed by the forerunners of human-centered personal data management approach in the European market.

Originality/ Value: Revenue models for personal data platform operators when taking a human-centered approach to personal data management. Propositions to consider when creating revenue models in this context.
description: Journal of Business Models, Vol 6 No 3 (2018): Journal of Business Models
Team Effects on Compensation: An Application to Salary Determination in the National Hockey League
Creators: name: Idson, Todd
name: Kahane, Leo H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: Studies of salary determine largely model pay as a function of the attributes of the individual and the workplace (i.e. employer size, job characteristics, and so forth). This paper empirically investigates an additional factor that may influence individual pay, specifically coworker productivity. Data from the National Hockey League are used since both salary and teammate performance measures are readily available. We find that team attributes have both direct effects on an individual's pay and indirect effects by altering the rates at which individual player productive characteristics are valued