cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of Surface Hydrophilicity and Hydration on the Rotational Relaxation of Supercooled Water on Graphene Oxide Surfaces
Creators: name: M, Rajasekaran
name: Ayappa, K. Ganapathy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydration or interfacial water present in biomolecules and inorganic solids have been shown to exhibit a dynamical transition upon supercooling. However, an understanding of the extent of the underlying surface hydrophilicity as well as the local distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic patches on the dynamical transition is unexplored. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations with a TIP4P/2005 water model to study translational and rotational relaxation dynamics of interfacial water on graphene surfaces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of both surface chemistry as well as the extent of hydration on the rotational transitions of interfacial water on graphene oxide (GO) surfaces in the deeply supercooled region. We have considered three graphene-based surfaces; a GO surface with equal proportions of oxidized and pristine graphene regions in a striped topology, a fully oxidized surface and a pristine graphene surface. The dipole relaxation time of interfacial water shows a strong-to-strong, strong, and a fragile-to-strong transition on these surfaces, respectively, in the temperature range of 210-298 K. In contrast, bulk water shows a fragile-to-strong transition upon supercooling. In all these cases at high hydration, interfacial water co-exists with a thick water film with bulk-like properties. To investigate the influence of bulk water on dynamical transitions, we simulated a low hydration regime where only bound water (surface water) is present on the GO surfaces and found that the rotational relaxation of surface water on both the GO and fully oxidized surfaces show a single Arrhenius behavior. Our results indicate that not only does the local extent of surface hydrophilicity play a role in determining the energy landscape explored by the water molecules upon supercooling, but the presence of bulk water also modulates the dynamic transition.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
HOTEL CONSORTIA AS A CONDITION FOR LIMITING THE TRANSACTION COSTS
KONSORCJA HOTELARSKIE JAKO PRZESŁANKA OGRANICZANIA KOSZTÓW TRANSAKCYJNYCH
Creators: name: Sala, Krzysztof
name: Sala, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: hotels hotel consortia transaction costs transaction costs theory
The Unique Type Ib Supernova 2005bf: A WN Star Explosion Model for Peculiar Light Curves and Spectra
Creators: name: Tominaga, N.
name: Tanaka, M.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Deng, J.
name: Maeda, K.
name: Umeda, H.
name: Modjaz, M.
name: Hicken, M.
name: Challis, P.
name: Kirshner, R. P.
name: Wood-Vasey, W. M.
name: Blake, C. H.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Skrutskie, M. F.
name: Szentgyorgyi, A.
name: Falco, E. E.
name: Inada, N.
name: Minezaki, T.
name: Yoshii, Y.
name: Kawabata, K.
name: Iye, M.
name: Anupama, G. C.
name: Sahu, D. K.
name: Prabhu, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations and modeling for the light curve (LC) and spectra of supernova (SN) 2005bf are reported. This SN showed unique features: the LC had two maxima, and declined rapidly after the second maximum, while the spectra showed strengthening He lines whose velocity increased with time. The double-peaked LC can be reproduced by a double-peaked $^{56}$Ni distribution, with most $^{56}$Ni at low velocity and a small amount at high velocity. The rapid post-maximum decline requires a large fraction of the $γ$-rays to escape from the $^{56}$Ni-dominated region, possibly because of low-density ``holes''. The presence of Balmer lines in the spectrum suggests that the He layer of the progenitor was substantially intact. Increasing $γ$-ray deposition in the He layer due to enhanced $γ$-ray escape from the $^{56}$Ni-dominated region may explain both the delayed strengthening and the increasing velocity of the He lines. The SN has massive ejecta ($\sim6-7\Msun$), normal kinetic energy ($\sim 1.0-1.5\times 10^{51}$ ergs), high peak bolometric luminosity ($\sim 5\times 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$) for an epoch as late as $\sim$ 40 days, and a large $^{56}$Ni mass ($\sim0.32\Msun$). These properties, and the presence of a small amount of H suggest that the progenitor was initially massive (M$\sim 25-30 \Msun$) and had lost most of its H envelope, and was possibly a WN star. The double-peaked $^{56}$Ni distribution suggests that the explosion may have formed jets that did not reach the He layer. The properties of SN 2005bf resemble those of the explosion of Cassiopeia A.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Figure of UBVr'i'JHKs light curves is revised. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (Letters) on 5 October 2005
Additional file 1 of In silico analysis of bacterial translation factors reveal distinct translation event specific pI values
Creators: name: Jana, Soma
name: Datta, Partha P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Proteins of the process of translation. Table S1. Accession numbers, pI values and MW values of the proteins of translation factors.
Guesswork for Dirac and Majorana neutrino mass matrices
Creators: name: Krolikowski, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of seesaw mechanism with three neutrino flavors, we propose tentatively an efficient parametrization for the spectra of Dirac and righthanded Majorana neutrino mass matrices in terms of three free parameters. Two of them are related to (and determined by) the corresponding parameters introduced previously for the mass spectra of charged leptons and up and down quarks. The third is determined from the experimental estimate of solar $Δm^2_{21}$. Then, the atmospheric $Δm^2_{32}$ is {\it predicted} close to its experimental estimation. With the use of these three parameters all light active-neutrino masses $ m_1 < m_2 < m_3$ and heavy sterile-neutrino masses $ M_1 < M_2 < M_3$ are readily evaluated. The latter turn out much more {\it hierarchical} than the former. The lightest heavy mass $ M_1$ comes out to be of the order $O(10^6 {\rm GeV})$ so, it is too light to imply that the mechanism of baryogenesis through thermal leptogenesis might work.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Stakeholder Analysis for Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in Ethiopia : Assessment of Opportunities, Strategic Constraints, Information Needs, and Knowledge Gaps
Creators: name: Zeleke, Gete
name: Kassie, Menale
name: Pender, John
name: Yesuf, Mahmud
Publisher: name: International Food Policy Research Institute; Environmental Economics Policy Forum for Ethiopia
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3002
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management

description: Second draft of article.
A characterization of short curves of a Teichmueller geodesic
Creators: name: Rafi, Kasra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F60, 32G15, 30F40, 57M07

description: We provide a combinatorial condition characterizing curves that are short along a Teichmueller geodesic. This condition is closely related to the condition provided by Minsky for curves in a hyperbolic 3-manifold to be short. We show that short curves in a hyperbolic manifold homeomorphic to S x R are also short in the corresponding Teichmueller geodesic, and we provide examples demonstrating that the converse is not true.
description: Published by Geometry and Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol9/paper5.abs.html
Tensorial Perturbations in an Accelerating Universe
Creators: name: de Campos, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study tensorial perturbations (gravitational waves) in a universe with particle production (OSC). The background of gravitational waves produces a perturbation in the redshift observed from distant sources. The modes for the perturbation in the redshift (induced redshift) are calculated in a universe with particle production.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Dissecting the Local Environment of FRB 190608 in the Spiral Arm of its Host Galaxy
Creators: name: Chittidi, Jay S.
name: Simha, Sunil
name: Mannings, Alexandra
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Ryder, Stuart D.
name: Rafelski, Marc
name: Neeleman, Marcel
name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
name: Tejos, Nicolas
name: Jorgenson, Regina A.
name: Day, Cherie K.
name: Marnoch, Lachlan
name: Bhandari, Shivani
name: Deller, Adam T.
name: Qiu, Hao
name: Bannister, Keith W.
name: Shannon, Ryan M.
name: Heintz, Kasper E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high-resolution analysis of the host galaxy of fast radio burst (FRB)~190608, an SB(r)c galaxy at $z=0.11778$ (hereafter HG 190608), to dissect its local environment and its contributions to the FRB properties. Our Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 ultraviolet and visible light image reveals that the subarcsecond localization of FRB~190608 is coincident with a knot of star-formation ($Σ_{\rm SFR} = 1.5 \times 10^{-2}~ M_{\odot} \, \rm \, yr^{-1} \, kpc^{-2}$) in the northwest spiral arm of HG~190608. Using H$β$ emission present in our Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral field spectrum of the galaxy with a surface brightness of $μ_{\rm Hβ}= \mathrm{(3.36\pm0.21)\times10^{-17}\;erg\;s^{-1}\;cm^{-2}\;arcsec^{-2}}$, we infer an extinction-corrected H$α$ surface brightness and compute a dispersion measure (DM) from the interstellar medium of HG 190608 of $\rm DM_{\rm Host,ISM} = 94 \pm 38~ \;pc\;cm^{-3}$. The galaxy rotates with a circular velocity $v_{\rm circ} = \rm 141 \pm 8~ km\;s^{-1}$ at an inclination $i_{\mathrm{gas}} = 37 \pm 3^\circ$, giving a dynamical mass $M_{\rm halo}^{\rm dyn} \approx 10^{11.96 \pm 0.08}~M_{\odot}$. This implies a halo contribution to the DM of $\rm DM_{\rm Host,Halo}= \rm 55\pm25 \;pc\;cm^{-3}$ subject to assumptions on the density profile and fraction of baryons retained. From the galaxy rotation curve, we infer a bar-induced pattern speed of $Ω_p=34\pm 6\;\mathrm{km\;s^{-1}\;kpc^{-1}}$ using linear resonance theory. We then calculate the maximum time since star-formation for a progenitor using the furthest distance to the arm's leading edge within the localization, and find $t_{\mathrm{enc}} = 21_{-6}^{+25}$ Myr. Unlike previous high-resolution studies of FRB environments, we find no evidence of disturbed morphology, emission, or kinematics for FRB 190608.
description: 21 pages, 11 figure files, 10 figures in paper, 3 tables. Accepted to ApJ on Sept. 16, 2021, published Nov. 29, 2021
Additional file 3 of In silico analysis of bacterial translation factors reveal distinct translation event specific pI values
Creators: name: Jana, Soma
name: Datta, Partha P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Proteins of the process of transcription. Fig. S3 and S4. Box plot diagram of pI values, and molecular weight value distribution of the proteins of the process of transcription. Table S3. Accession numbers, pI values and MW values of the proteins of transcription factors.
Ethanol in Agriculture and the Environment
Creators: name: Hrubovcak, James
name: Hrubovcak, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The use of ethanol, or grain alcohol, a potential alternative highoctane fuel source, could help the United States reach three major policy goals: improved environmental quality, enhanced energy security, and stabilized farm income (see box, "Ethanol as a Fuel"). Recent events have refocused public attention to ethanol's role in these policy goals. Last year, the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act became law, requiring States to meet pollution standards. Ethanol, splash-blended with gasoline (splashblended means it is mixed at the wholesaler), increases the amount of oxygen in gasoline, which reduces carbon monoxide emissions. The blend also reduces emissions of toxic chemicals that are known to cause cancer. Also last year, Iraq's invasion of Kuwait disrupted world oil markets. Ethanol, produced from domestically grown grains, could displace some imported crude oil and refined oil products. Finally, current U.S. budgetary concerns have led policy-makers to reduce Federal support to the agricultural sector. Ethanol creates an additional market for corn, reducing farm commodity program payments. However, splash-blended ethanol has limitations. It increases some volatile organic compounds that are limited under the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act. Also, the quantity of ethanol produced is unlikely to be sufficient to contribute significantly to national energy supplies in the near term. And to produce ethanol requires government tax exemptions to make it competitive with gasoline.
Electron transport through interacting quantum dots
Creators: name: Golubev, Dmitri S.
name: Zaikin, Andrei D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed theoretical investigation of the effect of Coulomb interactions on electron transport through quantum dots and double barrier structures connected to a voltage source via an arbitrary linear impedance. Combining real time path integral techniques with the scattering matrix approach we derive the effective action and evaluate the current-voltage characteristics of quantum dots at sufficiently large conductances. Our analysis reveals a reach variety of different regimes which we specify in details for the case of chaotic quantum dots. At sufficiently low energies the interaction correction to the current depends logarithmically on temperature and voltage. We identify two different logarithmic regimes with the crossover between them occurring at energies of order of the inverse dwell time of electrons in the dot. We also analyze the frequency-dependent shot noise in chaotic quantum dots and elucidate its direct relation to interaction effects in mesoscopic electron transport.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures. References added, discussion slightly extended
Enhancement of shock-capturing methods via machine learning
Creators: name: Stevens, Ben
name: Colonius, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In recent years, machine learning has been used to create data-driven solutions to problems for which an algorithmic solution is intractable, as well as fine-tuning existing algorithms. This research applies machine learning to the development of an improved finite-volume method for simulating PDEs with discontinuous solutions. Shock capturing methods make use of nonlinear switching functions that are not guaranteed to be optimal. Because data can be used to learn nonlinear relationships, we train a neural network to improve the results of a fifth-order WENO method. We post-process the outputs of the neural network to guarantee that the method is consistent. The training data consists of the exact mapping between cell averages and interpolated values for a set of integrable functions that represent waveforms we would expect to see while simulating a PDE. We demonstrate our method on linear advection of a discontinuous function, the inviscid Burgers' equation, and the 1-D Euler equations. For the latter, we examine the Shu-Osher model problem for turbulence-shockwave interactions. We find that our method outperforms WENO in simulations where the numerical solution becomes overly diffused due to numerical viscosity.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures. Under review for TCFD
Weak-Lensing Shear-Selected Galaxy Clusters from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program: II. Cosmological Constraints from the Cluster Abundance
Creators: name: Chiu, I-Non
name: Chen, Kai-Feng
name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Rau, Markus M.
name: Hamana, Takashi
name: Lin, Yen-Ting
name: Miyatake, Hironao
name: Miyazaki, Satoshi
name: More, Surhud
name: Sunayama, Tomomi
name: Sugiyama, Sunao
name: Takada, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present cosmological constraints using the abundance of weak-lensing shear-selected galaxy clusters in the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program. The clusters are selected on the mass maps constructed using the three-year (Y3) weak-lensing data with an area of $\approx500~$deg$^2$, resulting in a sample size of $129$ clusters with high signal-to-noise ratios $ν$ of $ν\geq4.7$. Owing to the deep, wide-field, and uniform imaging of the HSC survey, this is by far the largest sample of shear-selected clusters, in which the selection solely depends on gravity and is free from any assumptions about the dynamical state. Informed by the optical counterparts, the shear-selected clusters span a redshift range of $z\lesssim0.7$ with a median of $z\approx0.3$. The lensing sources are securely selected at $z\gtrsim0.7$ with a median of $z\approx1.3$, leading to nearly zero cluster member contamination. We carefully account for (1) the bias in the photometric redshift of sources, (2) the bias and scatter in the weak-lensing mass using a simulation-based calibration, and (3) the measurement uncertainty that is directly estimated on the mass maps using an injection-based method developed in a companion paper (Chen et al. submitted). In a blind analysis, the fully marginalized posteriors of the cosmological parameters are obtained as $Ω_{\mathrm{m}} = 0.50^{+0.28}_{-0.24}$, $σ_8 = 0.685^{+0.161}_{-0.088}$, $\hat{S}_{8}\equivσ_8\left(Ω_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3\right)^{0.25} = 0.835^{+0.041}_{-0.044}$, and $σ_8\left(Ω_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3\right)^{0.5} = 0.993^{+0.084}_{-0.126}$ in a flat $Λ$CDM model. We compare our cosmological constraints with other studies, including those based on cluster abundances, galaxy-galaxy lensing and clustering, and Cosmic Microwave Background observed by $Planck$, and find good agreement at levels of $\lesssim2σ$. [abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Main results are Figures 11 and 12. The cluster catalog and the cosmological chain are accessible at https://github.com/inonchiu/hsc_shear_selected_clusters
Additional file 2 of In silico analysis of bacterial translation factors reveal distinct translation event specific pI values
Creators: name: Jana, Soma
name: Datta, Partha P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Proteins of the process of replication. Fig. S1 and S2. Box plot diagram of pI value and molecular weight value distribution respectively of the proteins of the process of replication. Table S2. Accession numbers, pI values and MW values of the proteins of replication factors.
On the Heisenberg limit for detecting vacuum birefringence
Creators: name: Ahmadiniaz, N.
name: Cowan, T. E.
name: Sauerbrey, R.
name: Schramm, U.
name: Schlenvoigt, H. -P.
name: Schützhold, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum electrodynamics predicts the vacuum to behave as a non-linear medium, including effects such as birefringence. However, for experimentally available field strengths, this vacuum polarizability is extremely small and thus very hard to measure. In analogy to the Heisenberg limit in quantum metrology, we study the minimum requirements for such a detection in a given strong field (the pump field). Using a laser pulse as the probe field, we find that its energy must exceed a certain threshold depending on the interaction time. However, a detection at that threshold, i.e., the Heisenberg limit, requires highly non-linear measurement schemes - while for ordinary linear-optics schemes, the required energy (Poisson or shot noise limit) is much larger. Finally, we discuss several currently considered experimental scenarios from this point of view.
Sustainable land management practices improve agricultural productivity : Evidence on using reduced tillage, stone bunds, and chemical fertilizer in the Ethiopian highlands
Creators: name: Kassie, Menale
name: Pender, John
name: Yesuf, Mahmud
name: Köhlin, Gunnar
name: Bluffstone, Randall
name: Zikhali, Precious
name: Mulugeta, Elias
Publisher: name: Environment for Development
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3002
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management

description: Policy brief.
Food Packaging
Creators: name: Testin, Robert F.
name: Vergano, Peter J.
name: Testin, Robert F.
name: Vergano, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: A 11 segments of the packaging industry, including food packaging, face environmental issues. For example, fast-food chains are under pressure to reduce the amount of solid waste they generate and Maine has banned fruit drinks in aseptic packages (juice boxes). Yet, packaging is integral to today's life style (see box, "A Country Without Food Packaging"). Nowhere would the loss of modern packaging be more quickly felt than in the food processing and distribution system. In underdeveloped countries where packaging is minimal or nonexistent, food losses of 30-50 percent are not uncommon. In the United States, packaged food losses are less than 3 percent, while fresh food losses are 10 to 15 percent. Reduced food losses lower food costs. Food packaging allows consumers to enjoy a variety of foods yeararound, not just during local harvest seasons. Also, food packaging can decrease rather than increase solid waste generation. These benefits of packaging come from a $70-billion-a-year industry, of which approximately 70 percent is used for food and beverages. On average, food packaging costs about 9 percent of the retail price of food products.
Additional file 5 of Barriers and facilitators to implementation of menu labelling interventions from a food service industry perspective: a mixed methods systematic review
Creators: name: Kerins, Claire
name: McHugh, Sheena
name: McSharry, Jenny
name: Reardon, Caitlin M.
name: Hayes, Catherine
name: Perry, Ivan J.
name: Geaney, Fiona
name: Seery, Suzanne
name: Kelly, Colette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Characteristics of included studies. This file provides information on the characteristics of included studies in this review.
U.S. Flour Milling on the Rise
Creators: name: Harwood, Joy
name: Harwood, Joy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: American millers are grinding increasing amounts of wheat into flour to meet consumer demand. Flour consumption in the United States has grown almost steadily since 1970, with per capita intake rising by 24 pounds, or an average of over 1 pound each year. And American consumer spending on bakery products topped $50 billion in 1990. Growing interest in healthy eating and convenience has set the pace for this growth. Consumers have been boosting their consumption of fiber, bran, and whole grains. At the same time, they are buying more highly processed convenience foods—like sandwiches, pizzas, and tortillas—which often contain large amounts of flour. This situation reflects a turnaround in flour's fortunes. Per capita consumption of flour is estimated at 135 pounds in 1990—the highest level since the early 1950's and 10 pounds over 1985's mark (figure /). This trend is in sharp contrast to the declining flour consumption levels recorded in the 1960's and early 1970's. It is also one of the first reversals in flour consumption in the developed world.
Defect free global minima in Thomson's problem of charges on a sphere
Creators: name: Altschuler, Eric Lewin
name: Perez-Garrido, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given $N$ unit points charges on the surface of a unit conducting sphere, what configuration of charges minimizes the Coulombic energy $\sum_{i>j=1}^N 1/r_{ij}$? Due to an exponential rise in good local minima, finding global minima for this problem, or even approaches to do so has proven extremely difficult. For \hbox{$N = 10(h^2+hk+k^2)+ 2$} recent theoretical work based on elasticity theory, and subsequent numerical work has shown, that for $N \sim >500$--1000 adding dislocation defects to a symmetric icosadeltahedral lattice lowers the energy. Here we show that in fact this approach holds for all $N$, and we give a complete or near complete catalogue of defect free global minima.
description: Revisions in Tables and References
Additional file 4 of Cetuximab PET delineated changes in cellular distribution of EGFR upon dasatinib treatment in triple negative breast cancer
Creators: name: McKnight, Brooke N.
name: Seongho Kim
name: Boerner, Julie L.
name: Nerissa T. Viola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Overall tumor volumes in MDA-MB-231 (A) and MDA-MB-468 (B) as represented by the area under the tumor growth curve (AUC), normalized by day. Correlation between [89Zr]Zr-cetuximab tumor VOI (%ID/g) and percent change in tumor volume after treatment regimen in MDA-MB-231 (C). Overall tumor volumes in PDX measured as AUC. (D). The overall tumor volumes were compared using unpaired t-tests on log-transformed normalized AUCs.
Transfer Learning in Automated Gamma Spectral Identification
Creators: name: Moore, Eric T.
name: Turk, Johanna L.
name: Ford, William P.
name: Hoteling, Nathan J.
name: McLean, Lance S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The models and weights of prior trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) created to perform automated isotopic classification of time-sequenced gamma-ray spectra, were utilized to provide source domain knowledge as training on new domains of potential interest. The previous results were achieved solely using modeled spectral data. In this work we attempt to transfer the knowledge gained to the new, if similar, domain of solely measured data. The ability to train on modeled data and predict on measured data will be crucial in any successful data-driven approach to this problem space.
description: (8 pages, 2 figures)
Complete Intersecting Non-Extreme p-Branes
Creators: name: Miao, Yan-Gang
name: Ohta, Nobuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give general intersecting brane solutions without assuming any restriction on the metric in supergravity coupled to a dilaton and antisymmetric tensor fields in arbitrary dimensions $D$. The result is a general class of intersecting brane solutions which interpolate the non-extreme solutions of type 1 and 2. We also discuss the relation of our solutions to the known single brane solution.
description: 13 pages, a footnote is added, version to appear in PLB
Sustainable land management practices improve agricultural productivity : Evidence on using reduced tillage, stone bunds, and chemical fertilizer in the Ethiopian highlands
Creators: name: Kassie, Menale
name: Pender, John
name: Yesuf, Mahmud
name: Köhlin, Gunnar
name: Bluffstone, Randall
name: Zikhali, Precious
name: Mulugeta, Elias
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Policy brief.
title: An isogeometric collocation method for frictionless contact of Cosserat rods
Creators: name: Weeger, Oliver
name: Narayanan, Bharath
name: De Lorenzis, Laura
name: Kiendl, Josef
name: Dunn, Martin L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description: A frictionless contact formulation for spatial rods is developed within the framework of isogeometric collocation. The structural mechanics is described by the Cosserat theory of geometrically nonlinear spatial rods. The numerical discretization is based on an isogeometric collocation method, where the geometry and solution fields are represented as NURBS curves and the strong forms of the equilibrium equations are collocated at Greville points. In this framework, a frictionless rod-to-rod contact formulation is proposed. Contact points are detected by a coarse-level and a refined search for close centerline points and reaction forces are computed by the actual penetration of rod surface points, so that the enforcement of the contact constraints is performed with the penalty method. An important aspect is the application of contact penalty forces as point loads within the collocation scheme, and methods for this purpose are proposed and evaluated. The overall contact algorithm is validated by and applied to several numerical examples.
Additional file 5 of Cetuximab PET delineated changes in cellular distribution of EGFR upon dasatinib treatment in triple negative breast cancer
Creators: name: McKnight, Brooke N.
name: Seongho Kim
name: Boerner, Julie L.
name: Nerissa T. Viola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Table S1. Western blot densitometry of pEGFR (Y845), EGFR, pSrc (Y416), and Src proteins in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lysates (n = 3).
A higher-dimensional geometrical approach for the classification of 2D square-triangle-rhombus tilings
Creators: name: Imperor-Clerc, Marianne
name: Kalugin, Pavel
name: Schenk, Sebastian
name: Widdra, Wolf
name: Förster, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Square-triangle-rhombus ($\mathcal{STR}$) tilings are encountered in various self-organized multi-component systems. They exhibit a rich structural diversity, encompassing both periodic tilings and long-range ordered quasicrystals, depending on the proportions of the three tiles and their orientation distributions. We derive a general scheme for characterizing $\mathcal{STR}$ tilings based on their lift into a four-dimensional hyperspace. In this approach, the average hyperslope ($2 \times 2$) matrix $\mathcal{H}$ of a patch defines its global composition with four real coefficients: $\mathcal{X}$, $\mathcal{Y}$, $\mathcal{Z}$, and $\mathcal{W}$. The matrix $\mathcal{H}$ can be computed either directly from the area-weighted average of the hyperslopes of individual tiles or indirectly from the border of the patch alone. The coefficient $\mathcal{W}$ plays a special role as it depends solely on the rhombus tiles and encapsulates a topological charge, which remains invariant upon local reconstructions in the tiling. For instance, a square can transform into a pair of rhombuses with opposite topological charges, giving rise to local modes with five degrees of freedom. We exemplify this classification scheme for $\mathcal{STR}$ tilings through its application to experimental structures observed in two-dimensional Ba-Ti-O films on metal substrates, demonstrating the hyperslope matrix $\mathcal{H}$ as a precise tool for structural analysis and characterization.
title: A case of bilateral second branchial cleft fistula
Creators: name: Pasari, Isha
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Head & neck imaging
subject: Head and neck
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Fistula
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 16-year-old girl presented with a history of intermittent water like discharge from tiny openings over the lateral aspect of the neck bilaterally since her childhood days.

description: 16 years, female
Enhancing Lattice-based Motion Planning with Introspective Learning and Reasoning
Creators: name: Tiger, Mattias
name: Bergström, David
name: Norrstig, Andreas
name: Heintz, Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Lattice-based motion planning is a hybrid planning method where a plan made up of discrete actions simultaneously is a physically feasible trajectory. The planning takes both discrete and continuous aspects into account, for example action pre-conditions and collision-free action-duration in the configuration space. Safe motion planing rely on well-calibrated safety-margins for collision checking. The trajectory tracking controller must further be able to reliably execute the motions within this safety margin for the execution to be safe. In this work we are concerned with introspective learning and reasoning about controller performance over time. Normal controller execution of the different actions is learned using reliable and uncertainty-aware machine learning techniques. By correcting for execution bias we manage to substantially reduce the safety margin of motion actions. Reasoning takes place to both verify that the learned models stays safe and to improve collision checking effectiveness in the motion planner by the use of more accurate execution predictions with a smaller safety margin. The presented approach allows for explicit awareness of controller performance under normal circumstances, and timely detection of incorrect performance in abnormal circumstances. Evaluation is made on the nonlinear dynamics of a quadcopter in 3D using simulation. Video: https://youtu.be/STmZduvSUMM
The Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation on Food Production in Low-Income Countries : Evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Yesuf, Mahmud
name: Falco, Salvatore Di
name: Deressa, Temesgen
name: Ringler, Claudia
name: Köhlin, Gunnar
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion Paper 00828, December 2008.
USIA Poll # 1986-I86056: Nuclear Arms Control
Creators: name: USIA
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Sources of information on international affairs (1); policies/actions of the US/Soviet Union (2); efforts of the US/Soviet union to reach an agreement on nuclear arms reduction (2); comparison of US vs. Soviet nuclear/military forces (2); statements about US President Reagan and Soviet Leader Gorbachev (5); meeting between US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Washington (2); anti-missile defense system research (13); nuclear arms vs. conventional arms to prevent an attack by the Soviet Union (1); US and Soviet Union arms control negotiations (2); proposal to stop American and Soviet nuclear testing (10); SALT II nuclear arms control agreement (7); favor/oppose new arms control agreement if the Soviet Union violates existing agreements (1); chemical weaponry (1); actions to show position on disarming/control of nuclear arms (1).
COVID 19 and Work 4.0 - Emerging changes and the future competencies a Literature Review.pdf
Creators: name: Azmin, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 130108 Technical, Further and Workplace Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: COVID-19 has had a huge influence on employees all around the world. This
 comprehensive overview of past research focused on the changes that took place during the
 pandemic in the work environment and its development to work 4.0, aims to make sense of the
 consequences for employees and teams. The focus of this study and preview of this literature is
 on (a) emerging changes in work practices and employees, (b) new work 4.0, and (c) new skills
 and competence required by workers. This broad-scope analysis offers a holistic approach to
 understanding COVID-19's implications for work and employees, as well as providing the
 groundwork for future study.
Additional file 6 of Barriers and facilitators to implementation of menu labelling interventions from a food service industry perspective: a mixed methods systematic review
Creators: name: Kerins, Claire
name: McHugh, Sheena
name: McSharry, Jenny
name: Reardon, Caitlin M.
name: Hayes, Catherine
name: Perry, Ivan J.
name: Geaney, Fiona
name: Seery, Suzanne
name: Kelly, Colette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Quality assessment of each study using MMAT criteria. This file provides a detailed breakdown of the quality assessment for each study.
A study of higher dimensional inhomogeneous cosmological model
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Subenoy
name: Debnath, Ujjal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a class of exact inhomogeneous solutions to Einstein's equations for higher dimensional Szekeres metric with perfect fluid and a cosmological constant. We also show particular solutions depending on the choices of various parameters involved and for dust case. Finally, we examine the asymptotic behaviour of some of these solutions.
description: 9 Latex pages, No figure, Revtex style
Additional file 1 of Socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants of the COVID-19 pandemic: an ecological study of Spain
Creators: name: García, Carlos Navarro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Descriptive analysis of non-log transformed variables.
The Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation on Food Production in Low-Income Countries : Evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Yesuf, Mahmud
name: Falco, Salvatore Di
name: Deressa, Temesgen
name: Ringler, Claudia
name: Köhlin, Gunnar
Publisher: name: International Food Policy Research Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation

description: International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion Paper 00828, December 2008.
Review of Solar and Reactor Neutrinos
Creators: name: Poon, A. W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last several years, experiments have conclusively demonstrated that neutrinos are massive and that they mix. There is now direct evidence for $ν_e$s from the Sun transforming into other active flavors while en route to the Earth. The disappearance of reactor $\barν_e$s, predicted under the assumption of neutrino oscillation, has also been observed. In this paper, recent results from solar and reactor neutrino experiments and their implications are reviewed. In addition, some of the future experimental endeavors in solar and reactor neutrinos are presented.
description: Proceedings of the XXII International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energy (Lepton-Photon 2005, June 30 to July 5, 2005, Uppsala, Sweden). 11 figures, 5 tables
ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY RESPONSE AND PRICE RISK ON RICE PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
Zmiany podaży i ryzyko cenowe w produkcji ryżu w Nigerii
Creators: name: Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo
name: Bessler, David Arnold
name: Oni, Femi Emmanuel
name: Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo
name: Bessler, David Arnold
name: Oni, Femi Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: agricultural production, price risk, supply response, rice marketing, Nigeria

description: Nigeria, like most African countries, has engaged in agricultural liberalization since 1986 in the hope that reforms emphasizing price incentives will encourage producers to respond. Thus far, the reforms seem to have introduced greater uncertainty into the market given increasing rates of price volatility. This study amongst other things therefore seeks to determine and model the responsiveness of rice supply to price risk in Nigeria. Statistical information on domestic and imported quantities of rice was obtained for 41 years (1970 to 2011) from various sources, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) database, Federal Ministry of Agriculture statistical bulletins, Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins and National Bureau of Statistic (NBS). Data were analyzed using equilibrium output supply function, co-integration models, and vector autoregressive distributed lag model. Rice importation was statistically significant and changes in output were also responsive to changes in price. The results indicate that producers are more responsive not only to price and non-price factor but also to price risk and exchange rate. It is therefore imperative to reduce the effects of price risk as to increase the response of producer to supply by bridging the gap in production
description: DOI: 10.17306/J.JARD.2017.00279
Measuring and improving cost, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit for substance abuse treatment programs : A manual
Creators: name: Yates, Brian
Publisher: name: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A manual published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Universal Fluctuations of the Random Lasing Threshold in a Sample of a Finite Area
Creators: name: Apalkov, V. M.
name: Raikh, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the random lasing from a weakly scattering medium and demonstrate that the distribution of the threshold gain over the ensemble of statistically independent finite-size samples is universal. Universality stems from the facts that: (i) lasing threshold in a given sample is determined by the highest-quality mode of all the random resonators present in the sample, and (ii) the areal {\em density} of the random resonators decays sharply with the quality factor of the mode that they trap. We find analytically the shape of the universal distribution function of the lasing threshold. The shape of this function is governed by a single dimensionless parameter, $β$. This parameter increases as a power law with $\ln S$, where $S$ is the sample area (length, volume), and decreases as a power law with disorder strength. The powers depend on the microscopic mechanism of the light trapping. As a result, the distribution of the thresholds narrows with $S$ and broadens with the disorder strength.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
On the Einstein condition for Lorentzian 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Aazami, Amir Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well known that in Lorentzian geometry there are no compact spherical space forms; in dimension 3, this means there are no closed Einstein 3-manifolds with positive Einstein constant. We generalize this fact here, by proving that there are also no closed Lorentzian 3-manifolds $(M,g)$ whose Ricci tensor satisfies $$ \text{Ric} = fg+(f-λ)T^{\flat}\otimes T^{\flat}, $$ for any unit timelike vector field $T$, any positive constant $λ$, and any smooth function $f$ that never takes the values $0,λ$. (Observe that this reduces to the positive Einstein case when $f = λ$.) We show that there is no such obstruction if $λ$ is negative. Finally, the "borderline" case $λ= 0$ is also examined: we show that if $λ= 0$ and $f > 0$, then $(M,g)$ must be isometric to $(\mathbb{S}^1\!\times \!N,-dt^2\oplus h)$ with $(N,h)$ a Riemannian manifold.
description: v4: this is a reposting of v2; the previous version (v3) contained an error in the proof of Proposition 2