cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Polarized deep inelastic scattering at low Bjorken x and resummation of logarithmic corrections, $ln^2(1/x)$
Creators: name: Ziaja, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For an accurate description of the polarized deep inelastic scattering at low $x$ including the logarithmic corrections, $\ln^2(1/x)$, is required. These corrections resummed strongly influence the behaviour of the spin structure functions and their moments. Results of the work of J. Kwiecinski and myself on this problem are reviewed.}
description: A review; 15 pages, latex, 9 figures
Additional file 7 of Efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus artemether–lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ugandan children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Creators: name: Assefa, Dawit Getachew
name: Zeleke, Eden Dagnachew
name: Delayehu Bekele
name: Tesfahunei, Hanna Amanuel
name: Emnet Getachew
name: Joseph, Michele
name: Tsegahun Manyazewal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: S7. Forest plot of comparison: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine, outcome: Gametocyte carriages at baseline.
From pseudostreamer jets to coronal mass ejections : observations of the breakout continuum
Creators: name: Kumar, Pankaj
name: Karpen, Judith T.
name: Antiochos, Spiro K.
name: Wyper, Peter F.
name: DeVore, C. Richard
name: Lynch, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: Astrophysical Journal
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic breakout model, in which reconnection in the corona leads to destabilization of a filament channel, explains numerous features of eruptive solar events, from small-scale jets to global-scale coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The underlying multipolar topology, pre-eruption activities, and sequence of magnetic-reconnection onsets (first breakout, then flare) of many observed fast CMEs/eruptive flares are fully consistent with the model. Recently, we demonstrated that most observed coronal-hole jets in fan/spine topologies also are induced by breakout reconnection at the null point above a filament channel (with or without a filament). For these two types of eruptions occurring in similar topologies, the key question is, why do some events generate jets while others form CMEs? We focused on the initiation of eruptions in large bright points/small active regions that were located in coronal holes and clearly exhibited null-point (fan/spine) topologies: such configurations are referred to as pseudostreamers. We analyzed and compared Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment, and Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager observations of three events. Our analysis of the events revealed two new observable signatures of breakout reconnection prior to the explosive jet/CME outflows and flare onset: coronal dimming and the opening up of field lines above the breakout current sheet. Most key properties were similar among the selected erupting structures, thereby eliminating region size, photospheric field strength, magnetic configuration, and pre-eruptive evolution as discriminating factors between jets and CMEs. We consider the factors that contribute to the different types of dynamic behavior, and conclude that the main determining factor is the ratio of the magnetic free energy associated with the filament channel compared to the energy associated with the overlying flux inside and outside the pseudostreamer dome.
Complexity reduction of large-scale stochastic systems using linear quadratic Gaussian balancing
Creators: name: Damm, Tobias
name: Redmann, Martin
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 510

description: In this paper, we consider a model reduction technique for stabilizable and detectable stochastic systems. It is based on a pair of Gramians that we analyze in terms of well-posedness. Subsequently, dominant subspaces of the stochastic systems are identified exploiting these Gramians. An associated balancing related scheme is proposed that removes unimportant information from the stochastic dynamics in order to obtain a reduced system. We show that this reduced model preserves important features like stabilizability and detectability. Additionally, a comprehensive error analysis based on eigenvalues of the Gramian pair product is conducted. This provides an a-priori criterion for the reduction quality which we illustrate in numerical experiments.
Securing a sustainable future for US seafood in the wake of a global crisis
Creators: name: Froehlich, Halley E.
name: Gentry, Rebecca R.
name: Lester, Sarah E.
name: Cottrell, Richard S.
name: Fay, Gavin
name: Branch, Trevor A.
name: Gephart, Jessica
name: White, Easton R.
name: Baum, Julia K.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The United States seafood industry is undergoing rapid change, as a result of the current trade war with China, ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, and new governance mandates. The Executive Order on Promoting American Seafood Competitiveness and Economic Growth, signed in May 2020, proposes wild-capture fisheries deregulation and prioritization of aquaculture, with an emphasis on offshore development. Recent disruption of wild-caught seafood supply and demand could create space for sustainable aquaculture growth, but expansion could also undermine wild fisheries livelihoods and economics if integrated management between industries is ignored. Here, we review the current state of US seafood and outline five guiding principles around the implementation, and possible modifications, of the Executive Order to facilitate sustainable US fisheries and aquaculture: (1) make precise and strategic fisheries reforms that continue to support sustainable wild fisheries, (2) integrate aquaculture and fisheries using an ecosystem-based approach, (3) improve aquaculture data collection, (4) address social resistance to aquaculture, and (5) reconcile nationalism in a global market. Regardless of the Head of State, implementation of these science-informed principles is critical for balancing social-ecological tradeoffs between wild captured and farmed seafood systems, and for ensuring a more resilient US seafood sector under an anticipated future of increased volatility.
Utilization of AlphaFold models for drug discovery : feasibility and challenges : histone deacetylase 11 as a case study
Creators: name: Baselious, Fady
name: Robaa, Dina
name: Sippl, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 615

description: Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), an enzyme that cleaves acyl groups from acylated lysine residues, is the sole member of class IV of HDAC family with no reported crystal structure so far. The catalytic domain of HDAC11 shares low sequence identity with other HDAC isoforms which complicates the conventional template-based homology modeling. AlphaFold is a neural network machine learning approach for predicting the 3D structures of proteins with atomic accuracy even in absence of similar structures. However, the structures predicted by AlphaFold are missing small molecules as ligands and cofactors. In our study, we first optimized the HDAC11 AlphaFold model by adding the catalytic zinc ion followed by assessment of the usability of the model by docking of the selective inhibitor FT895. Minimization of the optimized model in presence of transplanted inhibitors, which have been described as HDAC11 inhibitors, was performed. Four complexes were generated and proved to be stable using three replicas of 50 ns MD simulations and were successfully utilized for docking of the selective inhibitors FT895, MIR002 and SIS17. For SIS17, The most reasonable pose was selected based on structural comparison between HDAC6, HDAC8 and the HDAC11 optimized AlphaFold model. The manually optimized HDAC11 model is thus able to explain the binding behavior of known HDAC11 inhibitors and can be used for further structure-based optimization.
Measurement of the tensor analyzing power T20 in the dd->^3Hen and dd->^3Hp at intermediate energies and at zero degree
Creators: name: Ladygin, V. P.
name: Uesaka, T.
name: Saito, T.
name: Hatano, M.
name: Isupov, A. Yu.
name: Kato, H.
name: Ladygina, N. B.
name: Maeda, Y.
name: Malakhov, A. I.
name: Nishikawa, J.
name: Ohnishi, T.
name: Okamura, H.
name: Reznikov, S. G.
name: Sakai, H.
name: Sakamoto, N.
name: Sakoda, S.
name: Satou, Y.
name: Sekiguchi, K.
name: Suda, K.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Uchigashima, N.
name: Yako, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The data on the tensor analyzing power T20 in the dd->^3Hen and dd-> ^3Hp reactions at 140, 200 and 270 MeV of the deuteron kinetic energy and at zero degree obtained at RIKEN Accelerator Research Facility are presented. The observed positive sign of T20 clearly demonstrates the sensitivity to the D/S wave ratios in the ^3He and ^3H in the energy domain of the measurements. The T20 data for the ^3He-n and ^3H-p channels are in agreement within experimental accuracy.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted in Phys.Lett.B
Automated discovery of a robust interatomic potential for aluminum
Creators: name: Smith, Justin S.
name: Nebgen, Benjamin
name: Mathew, Nithin
name: Chen, Jie
name: Lubbers, Nicholas
name: Burakovsky, Leonid
name: Tretiak, Sergei
name: Nam, Hai Ah
name: Germann, Timothy
name: Fensin, Saryu
name: Barros, Kipton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accuracy of molecular dynamics simulations depends crucially on the interatomic potential used to generate forces. The gold standard would be first-principles quantum mechanics (QM) calculations, but these become prohibitively expensive at large simulation scales. Machine learning (ML) based potentials aim for faithful emulation of QM at drastically reduced computational cost. The accuracy and robustness of an ML potential is primarily limited by the quality and diversity of the training dataset. Using the principles of active learning (AL), we present a highly automated approach to dataset construction. The strategy is to use the ML potential under development to sample new atomic configurations and, whenever a configuration is reached for which the ML uncertainty is sufficiently large, collect new QM data. Here, we seek to push the limits of automation, removing as much expert knowledge from the AL process as possible. All sampling is performed using MD simulations starting from an initially disordered configuration, and undergoing non-equilibrium dynamics as driven by time-varying applied temperatures. We demonstrate this approach by building an ML potential for aluminum (ANI-Al). After many AL iterations, ANI-Al teaches itself to predict properties like the radial distribution function in melt, liquid-solid coexistence curve, and crystal properties such as defect energies and barriers. To demonstrate transferability, we perform a 1.3M atom shock simulation, and show that ANI-Al predictions agree very well with DFT calculations on local atomic environments sampled from the nonequilibrium dynamics. Interestingly, the configurations appearing in shock appear to have been well sampled in the AL training dataset, in a way that we illustrate visually.
title: The behavioural and physical development of the athymic nude mouse
Creators: name: Morgan, David Reginald
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1981

description: A colony of outbred athymic nude mice was established using barrier maintenance systems. Heterozygous females were mated with homozygous nude males and the behaviour of the parents rearing mixed litters was examined using an observational time-sampling procedure. Longitudinal and cross-sectional behavioural and morphological studies on developing nude and hairy offspring were carried out from birth until weaning at day 28. Weaned mice who had not been subjected to any prior experimental situations were tested for exploratory behaviour in an open field. Behavioural scan results indicate that heterozygous mothers display normal maternal behaviour and will build good nests in the proximity of the food/water containers. The male parent also demonstrated maternal behaviour. A high level of out-of-nest activity was found by the end of the second week post-partum, which correlated with cage activity and eating and drinking behaviour. Nude pups had difficulty in locating and attaching to the nipple and body weight curves confirmed that nude and hairy mice develop at different rates, even though nursed by the same dam. Litter manipulation experiments suggest that nudes benefit from the presence of hairy pups and that hairy pups could survive a 3 day period deprived of maternal care and milk and then successfully re-establish suckling when returned to the home nest. Ultrasonic calling experiments suggest that nude mice may produce more calls which are of longer duration than hairy mice when subjected to cold and isolation stress. Nude mice appear retarded in their physical and behavioural development and do not explore an open field as actively as hairy pups at weaning. Retarded growth, a high incidence of neonatal mortality and alteration in behaviour may be related to early malnutrition and lack of later stimulation; the possible influences of athymia however, must also be considered.
Spin Torque and its Relation to Spin Filtering
Creators: name: Kim, Wonkee
name: Marsiglio, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin torque exerted on a magnetic moment is a reaction to spin filtering when spin-polarized electrons interact with a thin ferromagnetic film. We show that, for certain conditions, a spin transmission resonance (STR) gives rise to a failure of spin filtering. As a consequence, no spin is transfered to the ferromagnet. The condition for STR depends on the incoming energy of electrons and the thickness of the film. For a simple model we find that when the STR condition is satisfied, the ferromagnetic film is transparent to the incoming electrons.
description: 3 figures
INTENSIFICATION OF TRADE BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE COUNTRIES IN THE REGION OF SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
INTENZIFIKACIA OBCHODU MEDZI MACEDONSKOU REPUBLIKOU A KRAJINAMI JUHOVYCHODNEJ EUROPY
Creators: name: FITI, Taki
name: FILIPOVSKI, Vladimir
name: FITI, Taki
name: FILIPOVSKI, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: free trade agreements (FTAs)
subject: trade liberalization
subject: supply response
subject: sensitive products
subject: trade in services
subject: Republic of Macedonia
subject: Southeastern Europe

description: The paper deals with the preferential trade arrangements which the Republic of Macedonia has concluded with the countries of the region of Southeastern Europe. The key features of the Free Trade Arrangements (FTAs) are presented, and their main shortcomings are also identified. Particular emphasis is put on the exemptions of free trade regime related to the sensitive products and to services, as these activities are important in the production structure of the Macedonian economy. Then we deal with the issue of the supply response of the Macedonian economy to the improved access to the markets of the countries with whom FTAs have been concluded. The paper concludes with discussion of the possible improvements in the implementation and enforcement of the FTAs.
Additional file 8 of Efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus artemether–lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ugandan children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Creators: name: Assefa, Dawit Getachew
name: Zeleke, Eden Dagnachew
name: Delayehu Bekele
name: Tesfahunei, Hanna Amanuel
name: Emnet Getachew
name: Joseph, Michele
name: Tsegahun Manyazewal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: S8. Forest plot of comparison: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine, outcome: Anemia.
Modeling Business
Creators: name: Vitolins, Valdis
name: Kalnins, Audris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6.5; J.1

description: Business concepts are studied using a metamodel-based approach, using UML 2.0. The Notation Independent Business concepts metamodel is introduced. The approach offers a mapping between different business modeling notations which could be used for bridging BM tools and boosting the MDA approach.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of Internation Conference 'Modeling and Simulation of Business Systems", Vilnius, Lithuania (May 13-14, 2003)
Resolving the Excess of Long GRBs at low redshift in the Swift Era
Creators: name: Le, Truong
name: Ratke, Cecilia
name: Mehta, Vedant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing more than 100 long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) in the Swift-Ryan-2012 sample that include the observed redshifts and jet angles, Le & Mehta performed a timely study of the rate-density of LGRBs with an assumed broken power law GRB spectrum and obtained a GRB-burst-rate functional form that gives acceptable fits to the preSwift and Swift redshift and jet angle distributions. The results indicated an excess of LGRBs at redshift below $z \sim 2$ in the Swift sample. In this work, we are investigating if the excess is caused by the cosmological Hubble constant $H_0$, the $γ$-ray energy released $E_γ$, the low- and high-energy indices ($α, β$) of the Band function, the minimum and maximum jet angles $θ_{\rm j,min}$ and $θ_{\rm j, max}$, or that the excess is due to a biased in the Swift-Ryan-2012 sample. Our analyses indicate that none of the above physical parameters resolved the excess problem, but suggesting that the Swift-Ryan-2012~sample is biased with possible afterglow selection effect. The following model physical parameter values provide the best fit to the Swift-Ryan-2012 and preSwift~samples: the Hubble constant $H_0 = 72 \, {\rm km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}}$, the energy released $E_γ\sim 4.47 \times 10^{51}$ erg, the energy indices $α\sim 0.9$ and $β\sim -2.13$, the jet angles of $θ_{\rm j,max} \sim 0.8$ rad, and $θ_{\rm j, min} \sim 0.065$ and $\sim 0.04$ rad for preSwift and Swift, respectively, $s \sim -1.55$ the jet angle power-law index, and a GRB formation rate that is similar to the Hopkins & Beacom observed star formation history and as extended by Li. Using the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxy Legacy Survey (SHOALS) Swift-Perley LGRB sample and applying the same physical parameter values as above, however, our model provides consistent results with this data set and indicating no excess of LGRBs at any redshift.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in mnras, fixing tables layout (v2)
Evidence for an oscillatory signature in atmospheric neutrino oscillation
Creators: name: Kamiokande Collaboration
name: Ashie, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muon neutrino disappearance probability as a function of neutrino flight length L over neutrino energy E was studied. A dip in the L/E distribution was observed in the data, as predicted from the sinusoidal flavor transition probability of neutrino oscillation. The observed L/E distribution constrained nu_mu nu_tau neutrino oscillation parameters; 1.9x10^-3 < Delta m^2 < 3.0x10^-3 eV^2 and \sin^2(2theta) > 0.90 at 90% confidence level.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRL
CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE AND NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY REFORM IN SOUTH AFRICA: CONDUCIVE OR OBSTRUCTIVE TO SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Backeberg, G. R.
name: Backeberg, G. R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Establishment of constitutional order and a change in political power has initiated major public policy reforms. Following public consultation, policy documents have recently been published on the environment, agriculture, land, forestry and water supply. A systematic framework is presented to evaluate the expected influence of proposed policy interventions with legal and financial instruments on sustained economic growth and development. Based on past performance and measurement of multifnctor productivity of agriculture, indications are that competitiveness can be improved. Required innovations are design of institutions, application ofteclmology, training of management, local value adding and greater export orientation of agriculniral products. Policy advice by agriculnrral economists must be provided by mastering tl1e art of identifying politically relevant aspects of naniral resotirce and enviromnental problems, followed by projections of economic consequences through applied empirical research. It is concluded that as a whole the policy environment favours the creation of wealth through private enterprise.
The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation in the Simba simulation
Creators: name: Glowacki, M.
name: Elson, E.
name: Davé, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation (BTFR) in the $(100\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$ Simba hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation together with a higher-resolution $(25\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$ Simba run, for over $10,000$ disk-dominated, HI-rich galaxies. We generate simulated galaxy rotation curves from the mass distribution, which we show yields similar results to using the gas rotational velocities. From this we measure the galaxy rotation velocity $V_{\rm circ}$ using four metrics: $V_{\rm max}, V_{\rm flat}, V_{2R_e},$ and $V_{\rm polyex}$. We compare the predicted BTFR to the SPARC observational sample and find broad agreement. In detail, however, Simba is biased towards higher $V_{\rm circ}$ by up to 0.1 dex. We find evidence for the flattening of the BTFR in $V_{\rm circ}>300$ km s$^{-1}$ galaxies, in agreement with recent observational findings. Simba's rotation curves are more peaked for lower mass galaxies, in contrast with observations, suggesting overly bulge-dominated dwarf galaxies in our sample. We investigate for residuals around the BTFR versus HI mass, stellar mass, gas fraction, and specific star formation rate, which provide testable predictions for upcoming BTFR surveys. Simba's BTFR shows sub-optimal resolution convergence, with the higher-resolution run lowering $V$ in better agreement with data.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Evolution of spontaneous portosystemic shunts over time and following aetiological intervention in patients with cirrhosis
Creators: name: Vidal-González, Judit
name: Zipprich, Alexander
name: Ripoll, Cristina
name: Mura, Vincenzo
name: [Und Viele Weitere]
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background & Aims: Spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) develop frequently in cirrhosis. Changes over time and the effect of aetiological interventions on SPSS are unknown, so we aimed to explore the effect of these variables on SPSS evolution. Methods: Patients with cirrhosis from the Baveno VI-SPSS cohort were selected provided a follow-up abdominal CT or MRI scan was available. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline and follow-up. Imaging tests were reviewed to evaluate changes in the presence and size of SPSS (large (L)-SPSS was ≥8 mm) over time. Regarding alcohol- or HCV-related cirrhosis, two populations were defined: cured patients (abstinent from alcohol or successful HCV therapy), and non-cured patients. Results: A total of 617 patients were included. At baseline SPSS distribution was 22% L-SPSS, 30% small (S)-SPSS, and 48% without (W)-SPSS. During follow-up (median follow-up of 63 months), SPSS distribution worsened: L-SPSS 26%, S-SPSS 32%, and W-SPSS 42% (p <0.001). Patients with worse liver function during follow-up showed a simultaneous aggravation in SPSS distribution. Non-cured patients (n = 191) experienced a significant worsening in liver function, more episodes of liver decompensation and lower transplant-free survival compared to cured patients (n = 191). However, no differences were observed regarding SPSS distribution at inclusion and at follow-up, with both groups showing a trend to worsening. Total shunt diameter increased more in non-cured (52%) than in cured patients (28%). However, total shunt area (TSA) significantly increased only in non-cured patients (74 to 122 mm2, p <0.001). Conclusions: The presence of SPSS in cirrhosis increases over time and parallels liver function deterioration. Aetiological intervention in these patients reduces liver-related complications, but SPSS persist although progression is decreased. Impact and implications There is no information regarding the evolution of spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) during the course of cirrhosis, and especially after disease regression with aetiological interventions, such as HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals or alcohol abstinence. These results are relevant for clinicians dealing with patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension because they have important implications for the management of cirrhosis with SPSS after disease regression. From a practical point of view, physicians should be aware that in advanced cirrhosis with portal hypertension, after aetiological intervention, SPSS mostly persist despite liver function improvement, and complications related to SPSS may still develop.
Clinical course and follow-up of pediatric patients with COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis compared to non-vaccine-associated myocarditis within the prospective multicenter registry-“MYKKE”
Creators: name: Rolfs, Nele
name: Graumann, Ivan J.
name: [Und Viele Weitere]
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Since the onset of widespread COVID-19 vaccination, increased incidence of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis (VA-myocarditis) has been noted, particularly in male adolescents. Methods: Patients <18 years with suspected myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination within 21 days were enrolled in the PedMYCVAC cohort, a substudy within the prospective multicenter registry for pediatric myocarditis “MYKKE.” Clinical data at initial admission, 3- and 9-months follow-up were monitored and compared to pediatric patients with confirmed non–vaccine-associated myocarditis (NVA-myocarditis) adjusting for various baseline characteristics. Results: From July 2021 to December 2022, 56 patients with VA-myocarditis across 15 centers were enrolled (median age 16.3 years, 91% male). Initially, 11 patients (20%) had mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; 45%-54%). No incidents of severe heart failure, transplantation or death were observed. Of 49 patients at 3-months follow-up (median (IQR) 94 (63-118) days), residual symptoms were registered in 14 patients (29%), most commonly atypical intermittent chest pain and fatigue. Diagnostic abnormalities remained in 23 patients (47%). Of 21 patients at 9-months follow-up (259 (218-319) days), all were free of symptoms and diagnostic abnormalities remained in 9 patients (43%). These residuals were mostly residual late gadolinium enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with NVA-myocarditis (n=108) more often had symptoms of heart failure (P = .003), arrhythmias (P = .031), left ventricular dilatation (P = .045), lower LVEF (P < .001) and major cardiac adverse events (P = .102). Conclusions: Course of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis in pediatric patients seems to be mild and differs from non–vaccine-associated myocarditis. Due to a considerable number of residual symptoms and diagnostic abnormalities at follow-up, further studies are needed to define its long-term implications.
Securing a sustainable future for US seafood in the wake of a global crisis
Creators: name: Froehlich, Halley E.
name: Gentry, Rebecca R.
name: Lester, Sarah E.
name: Cottrell, Richard S.
name: Fay, Gavin
name: Branch, Trevor A.
name: Gephart, Jessica
name: White, Easton R.
name: Baum, Julia K.
Publisher: name: Marine Policy
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 30
subject: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
classificationCode: 3005
subject: Fisheries sciences

description: The United States seafood industry is undergoing rapid change, as a result of the current trade war with China, ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, and new governance mandates. The Executive Order on Promoting American Seafood Competitiveness and Economic Growth, signed in May 2020, proposes wild-capture fisheries deregulation and prioritization of aquaculture, with an emphasis on offshore development. Recent disruption of wild-caught seafood supply and demand could create space for sustainable aquaculture growth, but expansion could also undermine wild fisheries livelihoods and economics if integrated management between industries is ignored. Here, we review the current state of US seafood and outline five guiding principles around the implementation, and possible modifications, of the Executive Order to facilitate sustainable US fisheries and aquaculture: (1) make precise and strategic fisheries reforms that continue to support sustainable wild fisheries, (2) integrate aquaculture and fisheries using an ecosystem-based approach, (3) improve aquaculture data collection, (4) address social resistance to aquaculture, and (5) reconcile nationalism in a global market. Regardless of the Head of State, implementation of these science-informed principles is critical for balancing social-ecological tradeoffs between wild captured and farmed seafood systems, and for ensuring a more resilient US seafood sector under an anticipated future of increased volatility.
Condensation of gauge interacting mass-less fermions
Creators: name: Siringo, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A single mass-less fermionic field with an abelian U(1) gauge interaction (electrodynamics of a mass-less Dirac fermion) is studied by a variational method. Even without the insertion of any extra interaction the vacuum is shown to be unstable towards a particle-antiparticle condensate. The single particle excitations do acquire a mass and behave as massive Fermi particles. An explicit low-energy gap equation has been derived and numerically solved. Some consequences of condensation and mass generation are discussed in the framework of the standard model.
description: 1 ps figure
The homotopy type of the space of degree 0 immersed plane curves
Creators: name: Kodama, Hiroki
name: Michor, Peter W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The space of all immersed closed curves of rotation degree 0 in the plane modulo reparametrizations has the same homotopy groups as the circle times the 2-sphere.
description: 7 pages
Additional file 9 of Efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus artemether–lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ugandan children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Creators: name: Assefa, Dawit Getachew
name: Zeleke, Eden Dagnachew
name: Delayehu Bekele
name: Tesfahunei, Hanna Amanuel
name: Emnet Getachew
name: Joseph, Michele
name: Tsegahun Manyazewal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9. Additional Tables: GRADE Summary of finding tables.
From starspots to stellar coronal mass ejections-revisiting empirical stellar relations
Creators: name: Herbst, Konstantin
name: Papaioannou, Athanasios
name: Airapetian, Vladimir S.
name: Atri, Dimitra
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Upcoming missions, including the James Webb Space Telescope, will soon characterize the atmospheres of terrestrialtype exoplanets in habitable zones around cool K- and M-type stars by searching for atmospheric biosignatures. Recent observations suggest that the ionizing radiation and particle environment from active cool planet hosts may be detrimental to exoplanetary habitability. Since no direct information on the radiation field is available, empirical relations between signatures of stellar activity, including the sizes and magnetic fields of starspots, are often used. Here, we revisit the empirical relation between the starspot size and the effective stellar temperature and evaluate its impact on estimates of stellar flare energies, coronal mass ejections, and fluxes of the associated stellar energetic particle events.
Mesoscopic Elastic Distortions in GaAs Quantum Dot Heterostructures
Creators: name: Pateras, Anastasios
name: Park, Joonkyu
name: Ahn, Youngjun
name: Tilka, Jack A.
name: Holt, Martin V.
name: Reichl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Baart, Timothy A.
name: Dehollain, Juan Pablo
name: Mukhopadhyay, Uditendu
name: Vandersypen, Lieven M. K.
name: Evans, Paul G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum devices formed in high-electron-mobility semiconductor heterostructures provide a route through which quantum mechanical effects can be exploited on length scales accessible to lithography and integrated electronics. The electrostatic definition of quantum dots in semiconductor heterostructure devices intrinsically involves the lithographic fabrication of intricate patterns of metallic electrodes. The formation of metal/semiconductor interfaces, growth processes associated with polycrystalline metallic layers, and differential thermal expansion produce elastic distortion in the active areas of quantum devices. Understanding and controlling these distortions presents a significant challenge in quantum device development. We report synchrotron x-ray nanodiffraction measurements combined with dynamical x-ray diffraction modeling that reveal lattice tilts with a depth-averaged value up to 0.04 deg. and strain on the order of 10^-4 in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Elastic distortions in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures modify the potential energy landscape in the 2DEG due to the generation of a deformation potential and an electric field through the piezoelectric effect. The stress induced by metal electrodes directly impacts the ability to control the positions of the potential minima where quantum dots form and the coupling between neighboring quantum dots.
From starspots to stellar coronal mass ejections-revisiting empirical stellar relations
Creators: name: Herbst, Konstantin
name: Papaioannou, Athanasios
name: Airapetian, Vladimir S.
name: Atri, Dimitra
Publisher: name: Astrophysical Journal
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming missions, including the James Webb Space Telescope, will soon characterize the atmospheres of terrestrialtype exoplanets in habitable zones around cool K- and M-type stars by searching for atmospheric biosignatures. Recent observations suggest that the ionizing radiation and particle environment from active cool planet hosts may be detrimental to exoplanetary habitability. Since no direct information on the radiation field is available, empirical relations between signatures of stellar activity, including the sizes and magnetic fields of starspots, are often used. Here, we revisit the empirical relation between the starspot size and the effective stellar temperature and evaluate its impact on estimates of stellar flare energies, coronal mass ejections, and fluxes of the associated stellar energetic particle events.
A physicist view of COVID-19 airborne infection through convective airflow in indoor spaces
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Chudnovsky, Eugene M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: [Abridged] Naturally produced droplets from humans (such as those produced by breathing, talking, sneezing, and coughing) include several types of cells (e.g., epithelial cells and cells of the immune system), physiological electrolytes contained in mucous and saliva (e.g. Na+, K+, Cl-), as well as, potentially, several infectious agents (e.g. bacteria, fungi, and viruses). In response to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, which has become a major public health issue worldwide, we provide a concise overview of airborne germ transmission as seen from a physics perspective. We study whether coronavirus aerosols can travel far from the immediate neighborhood and get airborne with the convective currents developed within confined spaces. We also provide a recommendation that could help to slow down the spread of the virus.
description: Matching version accepted for publication in SciMedJ
Bayesian wavelet-packet historical functional linear models
Creators: name: Meyer, Mark J.
name: Malloy, Elizabeth
name: Coull, Brent A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Historical functional linear models (HFLMs) quantify associations between a functional predictor and functional outcome where the predictor is an exposure variable that occurs before, or at least concurrently with, the outcome. Prior work on the HFLM has largely focused on estimation of a surface that represents a time-varying association between the functional outcome and the functional exposure. This existing work has employed frequentist and spline-based estimation methods, with little attention paid to formal inference or adjustment for multiple testing and no approaches that implement wavelet bases. In this work, we propose a new functional regression model that estimates the time-varying, lagged association between a functional outcome and a functional exposure. Building off of recently developed function-on-function regression methods, the model employs a novel use the wavelet-packet decomposition of the exposure and outcome functions that allows us to strictly enforce the temporal ordering of exposure and outcome, which is not possible with existing wavelet-based functional models. Using a fully Bayesian approach, we conduct formal inference on the time-varying lagged association, while adjusting for multiple testing. We investigate the operating characteristics of our wavelet-packet HFLM and compare them to those of two existing estimation procedures in simulation. We also assess several inference techniques and use the model to analyze data on the impact of lagged exposure to particulate matter finer than 2.5μ g, or PM2.5, on heart rate variability in a cohort of journeyman boilermakers during the morning of a typical day’s shift.
Development of a complex intervention to prevent delirium in older hospitalized patients by optimizing discharge and transfer processes and involving caregivers : a multi-method study
Creators: name: Denninger, Natascha-Elisabeth
name: Brefka, Simone
name: Skudlik, Stefanie
name: Leinert, Christoph
name: Mross, Thomas
name: Meyer, Gabriele
name: Sulmann, Daniela
name: Dallmeier Rojas, Dhayana Elizabeth
name: Denkinger, Michael D.
name: Müller, Martin
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Delirium is a common yet challenging condition in older hospitalized patients, associated with various adverse outcomes. Environmental factors, such as room changes, may contribute to the development or severity of delirium. Most previous research has focused on preventing and reducing this condition by addressing risk factors and facilitating reorientation during hospital stay. Objective: We aimed to systematically develop a complex intervention to prevent delirium in older hospitalized patients by optimizing discharge and transfer processes and involving caregivers during and after these procedures. The intervention combines stakeholder and expert opinions, evidence, and theory. This article provides guidance and inspiration to research groups in developing complex interventions according to the recommendations in the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions. Design and methods: A stepwise multi-method study was conducted. The preparation phase included analysis of the context and current practice via focus groups. Based on these results, an expert workshop was organized, followed by a Delphi survey. Finally, the intervention was modeled and a program theory was developed, including a logic model. Results: A complex intervention was developed in an iterative process, involving healthcare professionals, delirium experts, researchers, as well as caregiver and patient representatives. The key intervention component is an 8-point-program, which provides caregivers with recommendations for preventing delirium during the transition phase and in the post-discharge period. Information materials (flyers, handbook, videos, posters, defined “Dos and Don'ts”, discharge checklist), training for healthcare professionals, and status analyses are used as implementation strategies. In addition, roles were established for gatekeepers to act as leaders, and champions to serve as knowledge multipliers and trainers for the multi-professional team in the hospitals. Conclusions: This study serves as an example of how to develop a complex intervention. In an additional step, the intervention and implementation strategies will be investigated for feasibility and acceptability in a pilot study with an accompanying process evaluation.
Uncertainties and biases in modelling 16 Cyg A and B
Creators: name: Bazot, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study I assess how existing data for the solar analogues 16 Cyg A and B, in particular the asteroseismic measurements obtained from \emph{Kepler}, constrain theoretical stellar models. The goal is two-fold: first to use these stars as benchmarks to discuss which precisions can realistically be expected on the inferred stellar quantities; and second to determine how well 'non-standard' prescriptions, such as microscopic diffusion and overshoot, are constrained. I used a Bayesian statistical model to infer the values of the stellar parameters of 16 Cyg A and B. I sampled the posterior density of the stellar parameters via a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, tested different physical prescription, and examined the impact of using different seismic diagnostics. General good agreement is found with several recent modelling studies on these stars, even though some discrepancies subsist regarding the precise estimates of the uncertainties on the parameters. An age of $6.88\pm0.12$ Gyr is estimated for the binary system. The inferred masses, $1.07\pm0.02$ M$_{\odot}$ for Cyg A and $1.05\pm0.02$ M$_{\odot}$ for Cyg B, are shown to be stable with respect to changes in the physical prescriptions considered for the modelling. For both stars, microscopic diffusion has a significant effect on the estimates of the initial metallicity. Overshoot is confined to very small regions below the convective zone. I show that a proper treatment of the seismic constraints is necessary to avoid biases in the estimate of the mass.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, to appear in A & A
Cold Creep of Titanium: Analysis of stress relaxation using synchrotron diffraction and crystal plasticity simulations
Creators: name: Xiong, Yi
name: Karamched, Phani
name: Nguyen, Chi-Toan
name: Collins, David M
name: Magazzeni, Christopher M
name: Tarleton, Edmund
name: Wilkinson, Angus J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a long standing technological problem in which a stress dwell during cyclic loading at room temperature in Ti causes a significant fatigue life reduction. It is thought that localised time dependent plasticity in soft grains oriented for easy plastic slip leads to load shedding and an increase in stress within a neighbouring hard grain poorly oriented for easy slip. Quantifying this time dependent plasticity process is key to successfully predicting the complex cold dwell fatigue problem. This work uses a novel approach of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction during stress relaxation tests, to quantify the time dependent plasticity. Measured lattice strains from multiple lattice families (21 diffraction rings) were compared with simulated lattice strains from crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations. The prism slip parameters were found to show stronger strain rate sensitivity compared to basal slip, and this has a significant effect on stress redistribution to hard grain orientations during cold creep.
Additional file 1 of Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) management pathways: results of a Delphi survey to contextualise international recommendations for Indonesian primary care settings
Creators: name: Ekawati, Fitriana Murriya
name: Licqurish, Sharon
name: Gunn, Jane
name: Brennecke, Shaun
name: Lau, Phyllis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary file 1. Survey questionnaires. This file contains Microsoft Words/PDF version of questionnaire statements used in the first and second round surveys (online).