Sparkman &amp; Walton (2017) at King's College London
Creators: name: Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie
name: Chou, Patrick
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: CREP

description: The direct replication of Sparkman and Walton's study 1 aims to replicate the effect of the type of descriptive norm on the intention to consume meat, whereby reading a message presenting a dynamic norm leads to a higher interest in reducing meat consumption than reading a message presenting a static norm. Therefore, we will be testing Hypothesis 1: participants will report higher interest in eating less meat after reading a dynamic norm than after reading a static norm. We also will be exploring three extensions and their related variables. 1. Two conditions were added to also manipulate the framing of the behaviour, contrasting the original negative (cut of a behaviour) framing with a positive one (increase in a partially equivalent behaviour). Thus, instead of the norm describing people eating less meat, it describes people eating more plant-based food. Here we are interested in the exploratory hypothesis of a difference in interest in eating less meat, between the positive and the negative framing, as well as in the exploratory hypothesis of an interaction between type of norm and framing.It should be noted that these two additional conditions were not shown to participants who completed the two next extensions. This will be tested through a 2x2 between ANOVA (framing: positive, negative; norm: dynamic, static). 2. An individual differences measure was added, namely the 11-item sense of agency scale (Tapal et al., 2017). Here again, the hypotheses are exploratory, with an hypothesis of sense of agency predicting interest in eating less meat, and interacting with the type of norm to predict this interest. As mentioned, participants who completed this extension did not see the two additional conditions manipulating the framing of the message, and therefore there was no hypothesis of interaction between framing and sense of agency. This will be tested through a regression analysis, with type of norm and sense of agency as predictors, and interest in eating less meat as outcome. 3. An individual differences measure was added, namely the 11-item conformity scale (Mehrabian &amp; Stefl, 1995). Here again, the hypotheses are exploratory, with an hypothesis of conformity predicting interest in eating less meat, and interacting with the type of norm to predict this interest. As for sense of agency, participants who completed this extension did not see the two additional conditions manipulating the framing of the message, and therefore there was no hypothesis of interaction between framing and conformity. This will be tested through a regression analysis, with type of norm and conformity as predictors, and interest in eating less meat as outcome. After the students have submitted their lab report, interested students will be invited to join the CREP aspect of the project: a more appropriate (fuller) exploratory analysis will be conducted then, namely a regression with type of norm, sense of agency and conformity as predictors, and interest in eating less meat as outcome. Due to the flow of the survey, there will be no participants under the positive framing conditions with sense of agency and conformity data, therefore the framing will not be used in this fuller analysis.