cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Photon Sector in the Quantum Myers-Pospelov Model: An improved description
Creators: name: Reyes, C. M.
name: Urrutia, L. F.
name: Vergara, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantization of the electromagnetic sector of the Myers-Pospelov model coupled to standard fermions is studied. Our main objective is to construct an effective quantum theory that results in a genuine perturbation of QED, such that setting zero the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) parameters will reproduce it. This is achieved by introducing an additional low energy scale $M$, together with a physically motivated prescription to take the QED limit. The prescription is successfully tested in the calculation of the electron self-energy in the one loop approximation. The LIV radiative corrections turn out to be properly scaled by very small factors for any reasonable values of the parameters, no fine-tuning problems are found at this stage and the choice for $M$ to be of the order of the electroweak symmetry breaking scale is consistent with the stringent bounds for the LIV parameters, in particular with those arising from induced dimension three operators.
description: 11 pages, no figures, shortened version, new interpretation of the scale M, additional references added, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Network motifs come in sets: correlations in the randomization process
Creators: name: Ginoza, Reid
name: Mugler, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The identification of motifs--subgraphs that appear significantly more often in a particular network than in an ensemble of randomized networks--has become a ubiquitous method for uncovering potentially important subunits within networks drawn from a wide variety of fields. We find that the most common algorithms used to generate the ensemble from the real network change subgraph counts in a highly correlated manner, so that one subgraph's status as a motif may not be independent from the statuses of the other subgraphs. We demonstrate this effect for the problem of 3- and 4-node motif identification in the transcriptional regulatory networks of E. coli and S. cerevisiae in which randomized networks are generated via an edge-swapping algorithm (Milo et al., Science 298:824, 2002). We show that correlations among 3-node subgraphs are easily interpreted, and we present an information-theoretic tool that may be used to identify correlations among subgraphs of any size.
New Insights into the Criteria of Fast Radio Burst in the Light of FRB 20121102A
Creators: name: Xiao, Di
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total event number of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is accumulating rapidly with the improvement of existing radio telescopes and the completion of new facilities. Especially, the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) Collaboration has just reported more than one thousand bursts in a short observing period of 47 days \citep{LiD2021}. The interesting bimodal distribution in their work motivates us to revisit the definition of FRBs. In this work, we ascribe the bimodal distribution to two physical kinds of radio bursts, which may have different radiation mechanisms. We propose to use brightness temperature to separate two subtypes. For FRB 20121102A, the critical brightness temperature is $T_{\rm B,cri}\simeq10^{33}\,\rm K$. Bursts with $T_{\rm B}\geq T_{\rm B,cri}$ are denoted as "classical" FRBs, and further we find a tight pulse width-fluence relation ($T\propto\mathcal{F_ν}^{0.306}$) for them. On the contrary, the other bursts are considered as "atypical" bursts that may originate from a different physical process. We suggest that for each FRB event, a similar dividing line should exist but $T_{\rm B,cri}$ is not necessarily the same. Its exact value depends on FRB radiation mechanism and properties of the source.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, A&A Letter accepted
title: News Photography and Visual Political Communication in the People’s Republic of China, 1960s–1980s
Creators: name: Mandzunowski, Damian
Publisher: name: Max Weber Stiftung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: China
subject: Politische Kommunikation
subject: Propaganda
subject: Geschichte 1960-1990
subject: 951
subject: 32
subject: 070.9

description: The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) envisioned the “socialist new person” as a well-read person, who hoped to join the party and ultimately was inspired and guided by texts—books, collections of documents, newspaper articles, reprints of speeches but also political slogans and other—to act as a leader of revolution in advancing the project of socialist enlightenment. Due to this, organized reading was a key practice in the state propaganda system of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), both during the Maoist period (1949–1976) but also at least until the mid-1980s. Given that the PRC as a political body relied on the mobilization of society for political purposes, the CCP made use of group-reading activities to communicate notions of statehood, class struggle and socialist modernization. Through direct involvement in such activities, the readers were meant to embody the texts and, by extension, the socialist values and principles that the texts stood for. At the same time, collective reading (and other formalized propaganda activities) aided the forging of new socialist subjects. Yet, how did ordinary women and men know what patterns of behavior were expected of them during the sessions of collective reading?
description: ERCCS – Research Notes, vol. 4
title: Illegal Caravan Trade and Outlaw Armed Escorts in the Qing Dynasty: Critical Analysis of Two 18th Century Memorials
Creators: name: Chircop-Reyes, Laurent
Publisher: name: Max Weber Stiftung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: China
subject: Qingdynastie
subject: Handel
subject: Handelsstraße
subject: 951
subject: 330.09

description: Cases of attacks on merchants by brigands abound in the official reports of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). Successive emperors ordered local governors to solve the brigandage problem. Apart from imperial measures intensifying military patrols in certain areas where brigandage was endemic at varying degrees, merchants (especially those from Shanxi Province) hired private escort companies (biaoju 鏢局) to ensure caravan protection during journeys over land and water.
description: ERCCS – Research Notes, vol. 5
The angular momentum and mass formulas for rotating stationary quasi-black holes
Creators: name: Lemos, José P. S.
name: Zaslavskii, Oleg B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quasi-black hole limit of a stationary body when its boundary approaches its own gravitational radius, i.e., its quasi-horizon. It is shown that there exists a perfect correspondence between the different mass contributions and the mass formula for quasi-black and black holes in spite of difference in derivation and meaning of the formulas in both cases. For extremal quasi-black holes the finite surface stresses give zero contribution to the total mass. Conclusions similar to those for the properties of mass are derived for the angular momentum.
description: 14 pages
title: Some Remarks on the 1923 “Controversy Over Science and Metaphysics”
Creators: name: Ciaudo, Joseph
Publisher: name: Max Weber Stiftung
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: China
subject: Wissenschaft
subject: Metaphysik
subject: Kontroverse
subject: Geschichte 1923
subject: 951
subject: 001.09
subject: 370.9

description: Controversies are often seen as important events that contribute to the march of intellectual history. Some can even be considered historical landmarks. The controversy over science and metaphysics that took place in China in 1923 is no exception. It had a lasting impact on the Chinese intellectual scene of the twentieth century. But what happens if, instead of thinking of ideas confronting each other in a mental realm, we regard this debate as one of concrete people speaking in conference halls, taking notes, writing, reading, and exchanging opinions? And could our understanding of this debate be altered by the discovery of a document located at the very core of the debate, but which had remained unknown up to now because another version of the same text had been in circulation? Would we regard the controversy over science and metaphysics differently if the inaugural text of the conference was not the one we had been reading so far?
description: ERCCS – Research Notes, vol. 3
基于"意志性"的动词分类辨析
Creators: name: 王冠亮
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: 日语动词可按“意志性”分为“意志动词”和“非意志动词”,作为描述性分类在描述语法与日语教学中得到了广泛接受与应用,但是作为理论装置,这种分类是否合格,本研究将对其作出评价,认为从理论角度看,该分类问题过多,不应作为理论构建的基础概念。
Massive binaries and the enrichment of the interstellar medium in globular clusters
Creators: name: de Mink, S. E.
name: Pols, O. R.
name: Langer, N.
name: Izzard, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abundance anomalies observed in globular cluster stars indicate pollution with material processed by hydrogen burning. Two main sources have been suggested: asymptotic giant branch stars and massive stars rotating near the break-up limit. We discuss the potential of massive binaries as an interesting alternative source of processed material. We discuss observational evidence for mass shedding from interacting binaries. In contrast to the fast, radiatively driven winds of massive stars, this material is typically ejected with low velocity. We expect that it remains inside the potential well of a globular cluster and becomes available for the formation or pollution of a second generation of stars. We estimate that the amount of processed low-velocity material that can be ejected by massive binaries is larger than the contribution of two previously suggested sources combined.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 266, "Star Clusters - Basic Galactic Building Blocks throughout Time and Space", 10-14 August 2009, at the general assembly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Spin dynamics of the spin chain antiferromagnet RbFeS$_2$
Creators: name: Li, Lisi
name: Zheng, Liangliang
name: Frandsen, Benjamin A.
name: Christianson, Andrew D.
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Wang, Meng
name: Birgeneau, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report transport and inelastic neutron scattering studies on electronic properties and spin dynamics of the quasi-one-dimensional spin chain antiferromagnet RbFeS$_2$. An antiferromagnetic phase transition at $T_N\approx195$ K and dispersive spin waves with a spin gap of 5 meV are observed. By modeling the spin excitation spectra using linear spin wave theory, intra and inter-chain exchange interactions are found to be $SJ_1=100(5)$ meV and $SJ_3=0.9(3)$ meV, respectively, together with a small single-ion anisotropy of $SD_{zz}=0.04(1)$ meV. Comparison with previous results for other materials in the same class of Fe$^{3+}$ spin chain systems reveals that although the magnetic order sizes show significant variation from 1.8 to 3.0$μ_B$ within the family of materials, the exchange interactions $SJ$ are nevertheless quite similar, analogous to the iron pnictide superconductors where both localized and delocalized electrons contribute to the spin dynamics.
description: 7 pages, 5 figure
Additional file 1 of Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis
Creators: name: Zhu, Rui-Min
name: Chai, Sen
name: Zhang, Zhuang-Zhuang
name: Ma, Chang-Le
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Li, Sha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1 Figure S1. CGF1 and CGF2 are homologous with multiple transmembrane domains predicted. Figure S2.CGF1 and CGF2 are expressed in diverse tissues and developmental stages. Figure S3. CGF2 targets to chloroplasts through its N-terminal sequences. Figure S4. Downregulating CGF1 in cgf2 mimicked defects of the double mutants. Figure S5. Mutations of CGF1 and CGF2 did not affect pollen development. Figure S6. Mutations of both CGF1 and CGF2 affected leaf development. Figure S7. Mutations of both CGF1 and CGF2 compromised chloroplast integrity. Table S1. Segregation ratio. Table S2. Oligos used in this study.
title: Traditional Hui Mosques in Northern China
Creators: name: Del Medico, Candice
Publisher: name: Max Weber Stiftung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: China
subject: Muslim
subject: Moschee
subject: Sakralbau
subject: Architektur
subject: 951
subject: 297
subject: 726
subject: 72

description: The presence of Muslims in China is a phenomenon which seems unknown to the general public. However, today there are more than twenty million Muslims in Chinese territory. The early implantation of Islam was accompanied by the construction of a new type of architecture that had never been seen in China before: the mosques, or qingzhensi (清真寺) in Chinese. There are currently more than forty thousand mosques in China and some were erected as early as the 14th century. These oldest mosques are the traditional Hui-style mosques.
description: ERCCS – Research Notes, vol. 1
A Unitary Approach to Information and Estimation Theory in Digital Communication Systems
Creators: name: Candreva, Enzo Alberto <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2010
Subjects: ING-INF/03 Telecomunicazioni

description: This thesis presents the outcomes of a Ph.D. course in telecommunications engineering. It is focused on the optimization of the physical layer of digital communication systems and it provides innovations for both multi- and single-carrier systems. For the former type we have first addressed the problem of the capacity in presence of several nuisances. Moreover, we have extended the concept of Single Frequency Network to the satellite scenario, and then we have introduced a novel concept in subcarrier data mapping, resulting in a very low PAPR of the OFDM signal.

For single carrier systems we have proposed a method to optimize constellation design in presence of a strong distortion, such as the non linear distortion provided by satellites' on board high power amplifier, then we developed a method to calculate the bit/symbol error rate related to a given constellation, achieving an improved accuracy with respect to the traditional Union Bound with no additional complexity. Finally we have designed a low complexity SNR estimator, which saves one-half of multiplication with respect to the ML estimator, and it has similar estimation accuracy.
description: Questa tesi presenta i risultati ottenuti durante un dottorato di ricerca in ingegneria delle telecomunicazioni. Oggetto di studio è stato il livello fisico dei sistemi di trasmissione numerica, e sono state proposte innovazioni per i sistemi multi-portante e a portante singola. Nel primo caso è stata valutata la capacità di un sistema affetto da varie non idealità. In seguito l'idea di Single Frequency Network è stata estesa dall'ambito terrestre a quello satellitare, ed infine è stata presentata una nuova tecnica per effettuare il mapping da bit a simboli, che ha permesso di raggiungere fattori di cresta particolarmente bassi per il segnale OFDM.

Per i sistemi a portante singola, è stato proposto un metodo per ottimizare il progetto delle costellazioni in presenza di una forte distorsione, quale ad esempio la distorsione non lineare dovuta agli amplificatori di potenza a bordo dei satelliti. In seguito è stato sviluppato un metodo per calcolare la probabilità d'errore per bit e per simbolo riferita ad una data costellazione. Tale metodo ha la stessa complessità dello Union Bound ma risulta essere più accurato. Infine si è progettato uno stimatore di rapporto segnale-rumore, che permette il risparmio di metà delle moltiplicazioni rispetto al tradizionale stimatore a massima verosimiglianza, ma che mantiene prestazioni di stima comparabili.
Ricerca clinico-epidemiologica sullo stato di salute del cavo orale nei pazienti tossicodipendenti
Creators: name: Bromo, Francesco <1979>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2010
Subjects: MED/28 Malattie odontostomatologiche

description: Obiettivo: Lo scopo della ricerca è stato quello di mettere in evidenza
la presenza di patologie del cavo orale in soggetti tossicodipendenti
Materiali e Metodi: Sono stati reclutati 71 pazienti in terapia di
recupero presso la Comunità Incontro di Amelia. I soggetti sono stati
sottoposti a visite clinico-anamnestiche adottando una cartella clinica
da noi stessi costruita.
Risultati: Dei 71 soggetti tossicodipendenti, 42 facevano uso di eroina
e 39 assumevano droghe per via parenterale, ma solo 25 risultavano
avere malattie infettive. Per quanto riguarda la patologia cariosa,
abbiamo riscontrato una media di carie complessive di 4,40 di cui solo
lo 0,52 era al colletto (non è stata evidenziata significativa differenza
tra soggetti con o senza patologie infettive). Dal punto di vista
parodontale solo 13 presentavano parodontite e 25 lesioni del cavo
orale non di carattere maligno.
Conclusioni: I dati ottenuti nella nostra ricerca preliminare ci hanno
portato a dire che non esiste una netta correlazione tra tipologia di
droga e patologia orale ma sembrerebbe piuttosto che le lesioni
cariose e parodontali riscontrate siano da associarsi allo stile di vita di
questi soggetti.
Reconstructing Quantum Field Theory from an Educational Perspective
Creators: name: Bertozzi, Eugenio <1978>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2010
Subjects: FIS/08 Didattica e storia della fisica

description: The research work concerns the analysis of the foundations of Quantum Field Theory carried out from an educational perspective. The whole research has been driven by two questions:
• How the concept of object changes when moving from classical to contemporary physics?
• How are the concepts of field and interaction shaped and conceptualized within contemporary physics? What makes quantum field and interaction similar to and what makes them different from the classical ones?

The whole work has been developed through several studies: 
1. A study aimed to analyze the formal and conceptual structures characterizing the description of the continuous systems that remain invariant in the transition from classical to contemporary physics.
2. A study aimed to analyze the changes in the meanings of the concepts of field and interaction in the transition to quantum field theory. 
3. A detailed study of the Klein-Gordon equation aimed at analyzing, in a case considered emblematic, some interpretative (conceptual and didactical) problems in the concept of field that the university textbooks do not address explicitly.
4. A study concerning the application of the “Discipline-Culture” Model elaborated by I. Galili to the analysis of the Klein-Gordon equation, in order to reconstruct the meanings of the equation from a cultural perspective.
5. A critical analysis, in the light of the results of the studies mentioned above, of the existing proposals for teaching basic concepts of Quantum Field Theory and particle physics at the secondary school level or in introductory physics university courses.
Some Properties of the Kinetic Energy Flux and Dissipation in Turbulent Stellar Convection Zones
Creators: name: Meakin, Casey
name: Arnett, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate simulated turbulent flow within thermally driven stellar convection zones. Different driving sources are studied, including cooling at the top of the convectively unstable region, as occurs in surface convection zones; and heating at the base by nuclear burning. The transport of enthalpy and kinetic energy, and the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation are studied. We emphasize the importance of global constraints on shaping the quasi-steady flow characteristics, and present an analysis of turbulent convection which is posed as a boundary value problem that can be easily incorporated into standard stellar evolution codes for deep, efficient convection. Direct comparison is made between the theoretical analysis and the simulated flow and very good agreement is found. Some common assumptions traditionally used to treat quasi-steady turbulent flow in stellar models are briefly discussed. The importance and proper treatment of convective boundaries are indicated.
description: Refereed Conference Proceeding, HELAS Workshop on 'Synergies between solar and stellar modelling', Rome, June 2009, to be published in Astrophys. Space Sci
Second-Order Real Nodal-Line Semimetal in Three-Dimensional Graphdiyne
Creators: name: Chen, Cong
name: Zeng, Xu-Tao
name: Chen, Ziyu
name: Zhao, Y. X.
name: Sheng, Xian-Lei
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real topological phases featuring real Chern numbers and second-order boundary modes have been a focus of current research, but finding their material realization remains a challenge. Here, based on first-principles calculations and theoretical analysis, we reveal the already experimentally synthesized three-dimensional (3D) graphdiyne as the first realistic example of the recently proposed second-order real nodal-line semimetal. We show that the material hosts a pair of real nodal rings, each protected by two topological charges: a real Chern number and a 1D winding number. The two charges generate distinct topological boundary modes at distinct boundaries. The real Chern number leads to a pair of hinge Fermi arcs, whereas the winding number protects a double drumhead surface bands. We develop a low-energy model for 3D graphdiyne which captures the essential topological physics. Experimental aspects and possible topological transition to a 3D real Chern insulator phase are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 4+4 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
title: A Brief Introduction to the Qingshui River Manuscripts
Creators: name: Qu, Jian
Publisher: name: Max Weber Stiftung
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Guizhou
subject: Handschrift
subject: 951
subject: 091

description: The Qingshui River Manuscripts (清水江文书) refer to a large number of Ming-Qing (1368–1911) written contracts as well as various other kinds of documents that were found in the Qingshui River Basin of southwest China. Over the last decade, these manuscripts have been enjoying increasing popularity among scholars. This short paper intends to offer some basic information for understanding the Qingshui River Manuscripts in their entirety.
description: ERCCS – Research Notes, vol. 2
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of the electronic structure of Cu$_2$O
Creators: name: Kim, Young-June
name: Hill, J. P.
name: Yamaguchi, H.
name: Gog, T.
name: Casa, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of the electronic structure of the semiconductor cuprous oxide, $\rm Cu_2O$, is reported. When the incident x-ray energy is tuned to the Cu K-absorption edge, large enhancements of the spectral features corresponding to the electronic transitions between the valence band and the conduction band are observed. A feature at 6.5 eV can be well described by an interband transition from occupied states of mostly Cu 3d charactor to unoccupied states with mixed 3d, 4s and 2p character. In addition, an insulating band gap is observed, and the momentum dependence of the lower bound is measured along the $Γ-R$ direction. This is found to be in good agreement with the valence band dispersion measured with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Review on Canine Demodicosis
Creators: name: Vikram Chandu V*, M Uday, Galeti Rajesh
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Demodicosis/Canine demodex infestation is a common mange of dogs, usually non contagious and seen in immuno-suppressed animals. It is clinically characterized by non-pruritic erythema, greasy seborrhoea, thickening and peculiar bad odour from skin, lichenification (Chronic cases) and due to its not contagious property the whole life of the demodex mite mostly limited to a single host. Predilection site is hair follicles hence called as follicular mange and infestation is also called red mange due to characteristic generalized erythema in adult dogs lead to the complete redness of skin.
Storing Data in the Trial of Complex Technical Products
Creators: name: Schmidt, Igor
Publisher: name: Hochschule Anhalt
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 004: Datenverarbeitung, Informatik

description: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Applied Innovations in IT / Prof. Dr. Siemens, Eduard (2014). Jg. 2. Köthen, 2014, S. 85-87
description: The article considers the ways of organization of databases for the storage of the results obtained during testing. A new variant of the organization of the data to ensure the ability to write to the database different sets of parameters in the form of chronological series. The required set of parameters depends on the modification of the tested technical installation.
Sufficient conditions for thermal rectification in hybrid quantum structures
Creators: name: Wu, Lian-Ao
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically identify sufficient conditions for manifesting thermal rectification in two-terminal hybrid structures within the quantum master equation formalism. We recognize two classes of rectifiers. In type A rectifiers the contacts are dissimilar. In type B rectifiers the contacts are equivalent, but the system and baths have different particle statistics, and the system is (parametrically) asymmetrically coupled to the baths. Our study applies to various hybrid junctions including metals, dielectrics, and spins.
Controllo molecolare del differenziamento osteoblestico per applicazioni nel campo della rigenerazione del tessuto osseo
Creators: name: Baglio, Serena Rubina <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2010
Subjects: MED/33 Malattie apparato locomotore

description: The aim of the study was to identify expression signatures unique for specific stages of osteoblast differentiation in order to improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying bone repair and regeneration.
We performed a microarray analysis on the whole transcriptome of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) obtained from the femoral canal of patients undergoing hip replacement. By defining different time-points within the differentiation and mineralization phases of hMSCs, temporal gene expression changes were visualised. Importantly, the gene expression of adherent bone marrow mononuclear cells, being the undifferentiated progenitors of bone cells, was used as reference. In addition, only the cultures able to form mineral nodules at the final time-point were considered for the gene expression analyses. To obtain the genes of our interest, we only focused on genes:
i) whose expression was significantly upregulated;
ii) which are involved in pathways or biological processes relevant to proliferation, differentiation and functions of bone cells;
iii) which changed considerably during the different steps of differentiation and/or mineralization.
Among the 213 genes identified as differentially expressed by microarray analysis, we selected 65 molecular markers related to specific steps of osteogenic differentiation. These markers are grouped into various gene clusters according to their involvement in processes which play a key role in bone cell biology such as angiogenesis, ossification, cell communication, development and in pathways like TGF beta and Wnt signaling pathways. 
Taken together, these results allow us to monitor hMSC cultures and to distinguish between different stages of differentiation and mineralization. The signatures represent a useful tool to analyse a broad spectrum of functions of hMSCs cultured on scaffolds, especially when the constructs are conceived for releasing growth factors or other signals to promote bone regeneration. Morover, this work will enhance our understanding of bone development and will enable us to recognize molecular defects that compromise normal bone function as occurs in pathological conditions.
On superembedding approach to multiple D-brane system. D0 story
Creators: name: Bandos, Igor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop superembedding approach to multiple D-particle (D0-brane) system. In flat target D=10 type IIA superspace this produces the supersymmetric and Lorentz covariant version of the Matrix model equations. The equations following from our superembedding approach to multiple D0 in curved type IIA superspace shows the Myers 'dielectric brane effect', i.e. interaction with higher form gauge fields which do not interact with a single D0-brane.
description: LaTeX, 12 pages, no figures. V2: Minor changes. Discussion extended. 14 pages
SVM-based Multiview Face Recognition by Generalization of Discriminant Analysis
Creators: name: Kisku, Dakshina Ranjan
name: Mehrotra, Hunny
name: Sing, Jamuna Kanta
name: Gupta, Phalguni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.2; I.2.10

description: Identity verification of authentic persons by their multiview faces is a real valued problem in machine vision. Multiview faces are having difficulties due to non-linear representation in the feature space. This paper illustrates the usability of the generalization of LDA in the form of canonical covariate for face recognition to multiview faces. In the proposed work, the Gabor filter bank is used to extract facial features that characterized by spatial frequency, spatial locality and orientation. Gabor face representation captures substantial amount of variations of the face instances that often occurs due to illumination, pose and facial expression changes. Convolution of Gabor filter bank to face images of rotated profile views produce Gabor faces with high dimensional features vectors. Canonical covariate is then used to Gabor faces to reduce the high dimensional feature spaces into low dimensional subspaces. Finally, support vector machines are trained with canonical sub-spaces that contain reduced set of features and perform recognition task. The proposed system is evaluated with UMIST face database. The experiment results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed system with high recognition rates.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Effect of maternal dietary deprivation in rats on growth and development of progeny
Creators: name: Toews, Judith Gay
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Reports in the literature indicate that maternal dietary deprivation during pregnancy and lactation can influence the growth and development of progeny. While the offspring often suffer permanent growth impairment, it is sometimes possible for restricted progeny to catch-up in size to normal age-mates following a period of accelerated growth. In 1964, Chow and Lee reported growth hormone-induced catch-up growth in weight of offspring of restricted rats. An animal experiment was designed in order to study the effects of maternal undernutrition on skeletal growth and development of offspring. A secondary purpose of the study was to ascertain whether catch-up in skeletal dimensions could be stimulated by the administration of growth hormone. Sprague Dawley rats were maintained on Purina Laboratory Chow throughout pregnancy and lactation with restricted animals receiving approximately 50 percent of the amount consumed by ad libitum fed controls. Male offspring comprised 6 treatment groups: progeny of restricted mothers which were given growth hormone injections early in postnatal life, later in postnatal life, or not at all; and progeny of controls which were given early injections of growth hormone, later growth hormone injections, or no growth hormone. Offspring were weaned at 49 days post-copulation and fed ad libitum for one year. At regular intervals they were weighed, measured for body, and tail length, and X-rayed to permit assessment of skeletal growth and maturation. Results indicate that the progeny of restricted dams suffered growth retardation and a temporary delay in skeletal maturation. Restricted offspring had normal proportions but were permanently stunted in size. No differences among groups were found for either the restricted or control offspring indicating that exogenous growth hormone was ineffective in permitting restricted progeny to catch-up to controls with respect to weight, length, or skeletal dimensions. Therefore, if there is a connection between the growth impairment of restricted progeny and pituitary insufficiency, the relationship must be complex. A model is proposed in order to suggest possible inter relationships between growth hormone status and growth impairment of offspring of dams restricted in diet during pregnancy and lactation.
Constraints on the High-l Power Spectrum of Millimeter-wave Anisotropies from APEX-SZ
Creators: name: Reichardt, C. L.
name: Zahn, O.
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: Basu, K.
name: Bender, A. N.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Cho, H. -M.
name: Chon, G.
name: Dobbs, M.
name: Ferrusca, D.
name: Halverson, N. W.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Horellou, C.
name: Johansson, D.
name: Johnson, B. R.
name: Kennedy, J.
name: Kneissl, R.
name: Lanting, T.
name: Lee, A. T.
name: Lueker, M.
name: Mehl, J.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Nord, M.
name: Pacaud, F.
name: Richards, P. L.
name: Schaaf, R.
name: Schwan, D.
name: Spieler, H.
name: Weiss, A.
name: Westbrook, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the angular power spectrum of millimeter wave anisotropies with the APEX-SZ instrument. APEX-SZ has mapped 0.8 square degrees of sky at a frequency of 150 GHz with an angular resolution of 1'. These new measurements significantly improve the constraints on anisotropy power at 150 GHz over the range of angular multipoles 3000 < l < 10,000, limiting the total astronomical signal in a flat band power to be less than 105 microK^2 at 95% CL. We expect both submillimeter-bright, dusty galaxies and to a lesser extent secondary CMB anisotropies from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) to significantly contribute to the observed power. Subtracting the SZE power spectrum expected for sigma_8=0.8 and masking bright sources, the best fit value for the remaining power is C_l = 1.1^{+0.9}_{-0.8} x 10^{-5} micro K^2 (1.7^{+1.4}_{-1.3} Jy^2 sr^{-1}). This agrees well with model predictions for power due to submillimeter-bright, dusty galaxies. Comparing this power to the power detected by BLAST at 600 GHz, we find the frequency dependence of the source fluxes to be S_nu ~ nu^{2.6^{+0.4}_{-0.2}} if both experiments measure the same population of sources. Simultaneously fitting for the amplitude of the SZE power spectrum and a Poisson distributed point source population, we place an upper limit on the matter fluctuation amplitude of sigma_8 < 1.18 at 95% confidence.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, updated to match accepted ApJ version
Excitation spectrum and effective interactions of highly-elongated Fermi gas
Creators: name: Blume, D.
name: Rakshit, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full 3D calculations of small two-component Fermi gases under highly-elongated confinement, in which unlike fermions interact through short-range potentials with variable atom-atom s-wave scattering length, are performed using the correlated Gaussian approach. In addition, microscopic 1D calculations are performed for effective "atomic" and "molecular" 1D model Hamiltonian. Comparisons of the 3D and 1D energies and excitation frequencies establish the validity regimes of the effective 1D Hamiltonian. Our numerical results for three- and four-particle systems suggest that the effective 1D atom-dimer and dimer-dimer interactions are to a good approximation determined by simple analytical expressions. Implications for the description of quasi-1D Fermi gases within strict 1D frameworks are discussed.
description: extended and revised version (8 pages, 5 figures)
On the radiative corrections to the neutral Higgs boson masses in the NMSSM
Creators: name: Degrassi, G.
name: Slavich, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a full one-loop calculation of the self energies and tadpoles of the neutral Higgs bosons of the NMSSM. In addition, we compute the two-loop O(alpha_t*alpha_s+alpha_b*alpha_s) corrections to the neutral Higgs boson masses in the effective potential approximation. With respect to earlier calculations, the newly-computed corrections can account for shifts of a few GeV in the light scalar and pseudoscalar masses, and they can also sizeably affect the mixing between singlet and MSSM-like Higgs scalars. Taking these corrections into account will be crucial for a meaningful comparison between the MSSM and NMSSM predictions for the Higgs sector.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures
Sine-Gordon theory in a semi-strip
Creators: name: Sakhnovich, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Initial-boundary value problems for complex sine-Gordon and sine-Gordon equations in a semi--strip are treated. The evolution of the Weyl function and a uniqueness result are obtained for complex sine-Gordon equation. The evolution of the Weyl function as well as an existence result and a procedure to recover solution are given for sine-Gordon equation. It is shown that for a wide class of examples the solutions of the sine-Gordon equation are unbounded in the quarter-plane.
Benchmarks for testing community detection algorithms on directed and weighted graphs with overlapping communities
Creators: name: Lancichinetti, Andrea
name: Fortunato, Santo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many complex networks display a mesoscopic structure with groups of nodes sharing many links with the other nodes in their group and comparatively few with nodes of different groups. This feature is known as community structure and encodes precious information about the organization and the function of the nodes. Many algorithms have been proposed but it is not yet clear how they should be tested. Recently we have proposed a general class of undirected and unweighted benchmark graphs, with heterogenous distributions of node degree and community size. An increasing attention has been recently devoted to develop algorithms able to consider the direction and the weight of the links, which require suitable benchmark graphs for testing. In this paper we extend the basic ideas behind our previous benchmark to generate directed and weighted networks with built-in community structure. We also consider the possibility that nodes belong to more communities, a feature occurring in real systems, like, e. g., social networks. As a practical application, we show how modularity optimization performs on our new benchmark.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures. Final version published in Physical Review E. The code to create the benchmark graphs can be freely downloaded from http://santo.fortunato.googlepages.com/inthepress2
Structure-dependent radiative corrections to phi -> K^+K^-/K_LK_S decays
Creators: name: Flores-Baez, F. V.
name: Castro, G. Lopez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current predictions for the ratio of phi -> K^+K^-/K_LK_S decay rates exceed the corresponding experimental value in about five standard deviations. By far, the dominant sources of isospin breaking to this ratio are the phase-space (52%) and the electromagnetic radiative (4.3%, computed within scalar QED) corrections. Here we estimate the effects of the electromagnetic structure of kaons and other model-dependent contributions into the radiative corrections.
description: 8 pages, Latex, 2 .eps figures
Learning Hierarchical Attention for Weakly-supervised Chest X-Ray Abnormality Localization and Diagnosis
Creators: name: Ouyang, Xi
name: Karanam, Srikrishna
name: Wu, Ziyan
name: Chen, Terrence
name: Huo, Jiayu
name: Zhou, Xiang Sean
name: Wang, Qian
name: Cheng, Jie-Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of abnormality localization for clinical applications. While deep learning has driven much recent progress in medical imaging, many clinical challenges are not fully addressed, limiting its broader usage. While recent methods report high diagnostic accuracies, physicians have concerns trusting these algorithm results for diagnostic decision-making purposes because of a general lack of algorithm decision reasoning and interpretability. One potential way to address this problem is to further train these models to localize abnormalities in addition to just classifying them. However, doing this accurately will require a large amount of disease localization annotations by clinical experts, a task that is prohibitively expensive to accomplish for most applications. In this work, we take a step towards addressing these issues by means of a new attention-driven weakly supervised algorithm comprising a hierarchical attention mining framework that unifies activation- and gradient-based visual attention in a holistic manner. Our key algorithmic innovations include the design of explicit ordinal attention constraints, enabling principled model training in a weakly-supervised fashion, while also facilitating the generation of visual-attention-driven model explanations by means of localization cues. On two large-scale chest X-ray datasets (NIH ChestX-ray14 and CheXpert), we demonstrate significant localization performance improvements over the current state of the art while also achieving competitive classification performance. Our code is available on https://github.com/oyxhust/HAM.
Enhanced Surface Superconductivity in Ba(Fe$_{0.95}$Co$_{0.05}$)$_2$As$_2$
Creators: name: Parzyck, Christopher T.
name: Faeth, Brendan D.
name: Tam, Gordon N.
name: Stewart, Gregory R.
name: Shen, Kyle M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present direct evidence for an enhanced superconducting $T_c$ on the surface of cleaved single crystals of Ba(Fe$_{0.95}$Co$_{0.05}$)$_2$As$_2$. Transport measurements performed on samples cleaved in ultra high vacuum (UHV) show a significantly enhanced superconducting transition when compared to equivalent measurements performed in air. Deviations from the bulk resistivity appear at 21K, well above the 10K bulk $T_c$ of the underdoped compound. We demonstrate that the excess conductivity above the bulk $T_c$ can be controllably suppressed by application of potassium ions on the cleaved surface, indicating that the enhanced superconductivity is strongly localized to the sample surface. Additionally, we find that the effects of the potassium surface dosing are strongly influenced by the presence of residual gas absorbates on the sample surface, which may prevent effective charge transfer from the potassium atoms to the FeAs plane. This is further support for the conclusion that the effects of the dosing (and enhanced superconductivity) are localized within a few layers of the surface.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Magnetic field imaging with atomic Rb vapor
Creators: name: Mikhailov, Eugeniy E.
name: Novikova, I.
name: Havey, M. D.
name: Narducci, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the possibility of dynamic imaging of magnetic fields using electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic gas. As an experimental demonstration we employ an atomic Rb gas confined in a glass cell to image the transverse magnetic field created by a long straight wire. In this arrangement, which clearly reveals the essential effect, the field of view is about 2 x 2 mm^2 and the field detection uncertainty is 0.14 mG per 10 um x 10 um image pixel.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Clock shifts in a Fermi gas interacting with a minority component: a soluble model
Creators: name: Bruun, G. M.
name: Pethick, C. J.
name: Yu, Zhenhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the absorption spectrum of a Fermi gas mixed with a minority species when majority fermions are transferred to another internal state by an external probe. In the limit when the minority species is much more massive than the majority one, we show that the minority species may be treated as static impurities and the problem can be solved in closed form. The analytical results bring out the importance of vertex corrections, which change qualitatively the nature of the absorption spectrum. It is demonstrated that large line shifts are not associated with resonant interactions in general. We also show that the commonly used ladder approximation fails when the majority component is degenerate for large mass ratios between the minority and majority species and that bubble diagrams, which correspond to the creation of many particle--hole pairs, must be taken into account. We carry out detailed numerical calculations, which confirm the analytical insights and we point out the connection to shadowing phenomena in nuclear physics.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, NORDITA-2010-3