cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Scalelengths in Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Barnes, E. I.
name: Williams, L. L. R.
name: Babul, A.
name: Dalcanton, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a hypothesis regarding the origin of the scalelength in halos formed in cosmological N-body simulations. This hypothesis can be viewed as an extension of an earlier idea put forth by Merritt and Aguilar. Our findings suggest that a phenomenon related to the radial orbit instability is present in such halos and is responsible for density profile shapes. This instability sets a scalelength at which the velocity dispersion distribution changes rapidly from isotropic to radially anisotropic. This scalelength is reflected in the density distribution as the radius at which the density profile changes slope. We have tested the idea that radially dependent velocity dispersion anisotropy leads to a break in density profile shape by manipulating the input of a semi-analytic model to imitate the velocity structure imposed by the radial orbit instability. Without such manipulation, halos formed are approximated by single power-law density profiles and isotropic velocity distributions. Halos formed with altered inputs display density distributions featuring scalelengths and anisotropy profiles similar to those seen in cosmological N-body simulations.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ
Relaxation of thermo-remanent magnetization in Fe-Cr GMR multilayers
Creators: name: Patel, R. S.
name: Majumdar, A. K.
name: Nigam, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time decay of the thermo-remanent magnetization (TRM) in Fe-Cr giant magnetoresistive (GMR) multilayers has been investigated. The magnetization in these multilayers relaxes as a function of time after being cooled in a small magnetic field of 100 Oe to a low temperature and then the magnetic field is switched off. Low-field ($
description: 19 pages
Elephant : the file system that never forgets
Creators: name: Santry, Douglas J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Modern file systems associate the deletion of a file with the immediate release of storage, and file writes with the irrevocable change of file contents. We argue that this behavior is a relic of the past, when disk storage was a scarce resource. Today, large cheap disks make it possible for the file system to protect valuable data from accidental delete or overwrite. This thesis describes the design, implementation, and performance of the Elephant file system, which automatically retains all important versions of user files. Users name previous file versions by combining a traditional pathname with a time when the desired version of a file or directory existed. Storage in Elephant is managed by the system using file-grain retention policies specified by users. This approach contrasts with checkpointing file systems such as Plan-9, AFS, and WAFL that periodically generate efficient checkpoints of entire file systems and thus restrict retention to be guided by a single policy for all files within that file system. Most file systems have no built in support for recovering data.
Symmetry of electron bands in graphene: (nearly) free electron vs. tight-binding
Creators: name: Kogan, Eugene
name: Silkin, Vyacheslav M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the symmetry labelling of all electron bands in graphene obtained by combining numerical band calculations and analytical analysis based on group theory. The latter was performed both in the framework of the (nearly) free electron model, or in the framework of the tight-binding model. The predictions about relative positions of the bands which can be made on the basis of each of the models just using the group theory (and additional simple qualitative arguments, if necessary) are complimentary.
description: pdflaTeX, 8+epsilon pages, 17 graphic files. References are added. As accepted for publication in pss(b)
The First Integral Field Unit Spectroscopic View of Shocked Cluster Galaxies
Creators: name: Stroe, Andra
name: Hussaini, Maryam
name: Husemann, Bernd
name: Sobral, David
name: Tremblay, Grant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters grow by merging with other clusters, giving rise to Mpc-wide shock waves that travel at 1000-2500 km/s through the intra-cluster medium. To study the effects of merger shocks on the properties of cluster galaxies, we present the first spatially resolved spectroscopic view of 5 H$α$ emitting galaxies located in the wake of shock fronts in the low redshift (z~0.2), massive (~2$\times10^{15}$ M$_\odot$), post-core passage merging cluster, CIZA J2242.8+5301 (nicknamed the `Sausage'). Our Gemini/GMOS-N integral field unit (IFU) observations, designed to capture H$α$ and [NII] emission, reveal the nebular gas distribution, kinematics and metallicities in the galaxies over >16 kpc scales. While the galaxies show evidence for rotational support, the flux and velocity maps have complex features like tails and gas outflows aligned with the merger axis of the cluster. With gradients incompatible with inside-out disk growth, the metallicity maps are consistent with sustained star formation (SF) throughout and outside of the galactic disks. In combination with previous results, these pilot observations provide further evidence of a likely connection between cluster mergers and SF triggering in cluster galaxies, a potentially fundamental discovery revealing the interaction of galaxies with their environment.
description: Published in ApJ Letters. Main results can be found in Figure 3. Data behind figures are available together with the journal paper
Space Public Outreach Team: Successful STEM Engagement on Complex Technical Topics
Creators: name: Jardins, Angela Des
name: Key, Joey Shapiro
name: Williamson, Kathryn
name: Kimbrell, Seth
name: De Saint-Georges, Sophie
name: Littenberg, Tyson
name: Page, Jessica
name: Dolch, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is the responsibility of today's scientists, engineers, and educators to inspire and encourage our youth into technical careers that benefit our society. Too often, however, this responsibility is buried beneath daily job demands and the routines of teaching. Space Public Outreach Team (SPOT) programs leverage a train-the-trainer model to empower college students to make meaningful impacts in their local communities by engaging and inspiring younger students through science presentations. SPOT takes advantage of the excitement of space and the natural way college students serve as role models for children. The result is a win-win program for all involved. This paper describes the original Montana SPOT program, presents analyses demonstrating the success of SPOT, gives overviews of program adaptations in West Virginia and with the NANOGrav collaboration, describes how college student presenters are able to share complex topics, and discusses the importance of college student role models. We hope that our experiences with SPOT will help others implement similar strategies in their own communities.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Virtual Photon Structure Functions to NNLO in QCD
Creators: name: Ueda, Takahiro
name: Uematsu, Tsuneo
name: Sasaki, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unpolarized virtual photon structure functions $F_2^γ(x,Q^2,P^2)$ and $F_L^γ(x,Q^2,P^2)$ are investigated in perturbative QCD for the kinematical region $Λ^2 \ll P^2 \ll Q^2$, where $-Q^2(-P^2)$ is the mass squared of the probe (target) photon and $Λ$ is the QCD scale parameter. In the framework of operator product expansion supplemented by the renormalization group method, the definite predictions are derived for the moments of $F_2^γ(x,Q^2,P^2)$ up to the next-to-next-to-leading order (the order $αα_s$) and for the moments of $F_L^γ(x,Q^2,P^2)$ up to the next-to-leading order (the order $αα_s$)
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, uses photon2007.cls, Proceedings of Photon 2007 (Paris)
Models of 2D-scene complexity : a look at the intrinsic complexity of scenes
Creators: name: Sauer, Mark R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The worst-case time and space complexity of many algorithms in computational geometry is high when expressed as a function of the input size. This can make algorithms seem inefficient in general. Usually, however, the algorithm will not run with identical times on every input of a given size. Intuitively, inputs of highercomplexity cause higher run-time and/or space costs in an algorithm. The size of an input is only one factor contributing to the complexity of an input. As such, input size is not always an adequate predictor of the behaviour of an algorithm. This thesis looks at models capturing the intrinsic complexity of a scene of objects. The models identify quantifiable properties which can be used as additional parameters in the time and space complexity of computational geometry algorithms. In particular properties of two-dimensional scenes will be explored. One problem is then looked at and analyzed with respect to the new models: the Binary Space Partition problem. Under the assumption that an input scene is considered to be simple by our most general model, the analysis reveals that such a scene will have a linear sized binary space partition.
Universal Scaling of Hyperfine-Induced Electron Spin Echo Decay
Creators: name: Shenvi, Neil
name: de Sousa, Rogerio
name: Whaley, K. Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decoherence of a localized electron spin in a lattice of nuclear spins is an important problem for potential solid-state implementations of a quantum computer. We demonstrate that even at high fields, virtual electron spin-flip processes due solely to the hyperfine interaction can lead to complex nuclear spin dynamics. These dynamics, in turn, can lead to single electron spin phase fluctuation and decoherence. We show here that remarkably, a spin echo pulse sequence can almost completely reverse these nuclear dynamics except for a small visibility loss, thereby suppressing contribution of the hyperfine interaction to T_2 processes. For small systems, we present numerical evidence which demonstrates a universal scaling of the magnitude of visibility loss that depends only on the inhomogeneous line width of the system and the magnetic field.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures Updated references, minor corrections
Blockchain based Resource Governance for Decentralized Web Environments
Creators: name: Basile, Davide
name: Di Ciccio, Claudio
name: Goretti, Valerio
name: Kirrane, Sabrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Decentralization initiatives such as Solid and ActivityPub aim to give data owners more control over their data and to level the playing field by enabling small companies and individuals to gain access to data, thus stimulating innovation. However, these initiatives typically employ access control mechanisms that cannot verify compliance with usage conditions after access has been granted to others. In this paper, we extend the state of the art by proposing a resource governance conceptual framework, entitled ReGov, that facilitates usage control in decentralized web environments. We subsequently demonstrate how our framework can be instantiated by combining blockchain and trusted execution environments. Through blockchain technologies, we record policies expressing the usage conditions associated with resources and monitor their compliance. Our instantiation employs trusted execution environments to enforce said policies, inside data consumers' devices.} We evaluate the framework instantiation through a detailed analysis of requirements derived from a data market motivating scenario, as well as an assessment of the security, privacy, and affordability aspects of our proposal.
A Comparison of Rest-frame Ultraviolet and Optical Emission-Line Diagnostics in the Lensed Galaxy SDSS J1723+3411 at Redshift z=1.3293
Creators: name: Rigby, J. R.
name: Florian, Michael
name: Acharyya, A.
name: Bayliss, Matthew
name: Gladders, Michael D.
name: Sharon, Keren
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Momcheva, Ivelina
name: LaMassa, Stephanie
name: Bian, Fuyan
name: Dahle, Håkon
name: Johnson, Traci
name: Kewley, Lisa
name: Murray, Katherine
name: Whitaker, Katherine
name: Wuyts, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the extremely bright lensed galaxy SDSS J1723+3411 at z=1.3293 , we analyze spatially integrated MMT, Keck, and Hubble Space Telescope spectra that fully cover the rest-frame wavelength range of 1400 to 7200 Angstroms. We also analyze near-IR spectra from Gemini that cover H alpha for a portion of the lensed arc. We report fluxes for 42 detected emission lines, and upper limits for an additional 22. This galaxy has extreme emission line ratios and high equivalent widths that are characteristic of extreme emission-line galaxies. We compute strong emission line diagnostics from both the rest-frame optical and rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), to constrain physical conditions and test the spectral diagnostics themselves. We tightly determine the nebular physical conditions using the most reliable diagnostics, and then compare to results from other diagnostics. We find disappointing performance from the UV--only diagnostics: they either are unable to measure the metallicity or dramatically under-estimate it; they over-estimate the pressure; and the UV diagnostic of ionization parameter has a strong metallicity dependence in this regime. Based on these results, we suggest that upcoming James Webb Space Telescope spectroscopic surveys of galaxies in the reionization epoch should invest the additional integration time to capture the optical [O II] and [O III] emission lines, and not rely solely on the rest-frame UV emission lines. We make available the spectra; they represent one of the highest-quality emission line spectral atlases of star-forming galaxy available beyond the local universe, and will aid planning observations with JWST.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
An Effective Field Theory for Binary Cosmic Strings
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Mariana Carrillo
name: Liang, Qiuyue
name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the effective field theory (EFT) formalism for gravitational radiation from a binary system of compact objects to the case of extended objects. In particular, we study the EFT for a binary system consisting of two infinitely-long cosmic strings with small velocity and small spatial substructure, or "wiggles". The complexity of the system requires the introduction of two perturbative expansion parameters, constructed from the velocity and size of the wiggles, in contrast with the point particle case, for which a single parameter is sufficient. This further requires us to assign new power counting rules in the system. We integrate out the modes corresponding to potential gravitons, yielding an effective action for the radiation gravitons. We show that this action describes a changing quadrupole, sourced by the bending modes of the string, which in turn generates gravitational waves. We study the ultraviolet divergences in this description, and use them to obtain the classical renormalization group flow of the string tension in such a setting.
Statistical Mechanics of Time Domain Ensemble Learning
Creators: name: Miyoshi, Seiji
name: Uezu, Tatsuya
name: Okada, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional ensemble learning combines students in the space domain. On the other hand, in this paper we combine students in the time domain and call it time domain ensemble learning. In this paper, we analyze the generalization performance of time domain ensemble learning in the framework of online learning using a statistical mechanical method. We treat a model in which both the teacher and the student are linear perceptrons with noises. Time domain ensemble learning is twice as effective as conventional space domain ensemble learning.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Polariton response in the presence of Brownian dissipation from molecular vibrations
Creators: name: Kansanen, Kalle S. U.
name: Toppari, J. Jussi
name: Heikkilä, Tero T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the elastic response of a stationarily driven system of a cavity field strongly coupled with molecular excitons, taking into account the main dissipation channels due to the finite cavity linewidth and molecular vibrations. We show that the frequently used coupled oscillator model fails in describing this response especially due to the non-Lorentzian dissipation of the molecules to their vibrations. Signatures of this failure are the temperature dependent minimum point of the polariton peak splitting, uneven polariton peak height at the minimum splitting, and the asymmetric shape of the polariton peaks even at the experimentally accessed "zero-detuning" point. Using a rather generic yet representative model of molecular vibrations, we predict the polariton response in various conditions, depending on the temperature, molecular Stokes shift and vibration frequencies, and the size of the Rabi splitting. Our results can be used as a sanity check of the experiments trying to "prove" results originating from strong coupling, such as vacuum-enhanced chemical reaction rate.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
The Exile: A Sequel (Fragment)
Creators: name: Espinoza, Braulio
name: Mixco, Mauricio J.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: klb

description: See Kiliwa Texts: “When I have Donned My Crest of Stars” (University of Utah Press, 1983), p. 213 for transcription, segmentation, glossing, and translation of this story.
Knowledge-enhanced Agents for Interactive Text Games
Creators: name: Chhikara, Prateek
name: Zhang, Jiarui
name: Ilievski, Filip
name: Francis, Jonathan
name: Ma, Kaixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Communication via natural language is a key aspect of machine intelligence, and it requires computational models to learn and reason about world concepts, with varying levels of supervision. Significant progress has been made on fully-supervised non-interactive tasks, such as question-answering and procedural text understanding. Yet, various sequential interactive tasks, as in text-based games, have revealed limitations of existing approaches in terms of coherence, contextual awareness, and their ability to learn effectively from the environment. In this paper, we propose a knowledge-injection framework for improved functional grounding of agents in text-based games. Specifically, we consider two forms of domain knowledge that we inject into learning-based agents: memory of previous correct actions and affordances of relevant objects in the environment. Our framework supports two representative model classes: reinforcement learning agents and language model agents. Furthermore, we devise multiple injection strategies for the above domain knowledge types and agent architectures, including injection via knowledge graphs and augmentation of the existing input encoding strategies. We experiment with four models on the 10 tasks in the ScienceWorld text-based game environment, to illustrate the impact of knowledge injection on various model configurations and challenging task settings. Our findings provide crucial insights into the interplay between task properties, model architectures, and domain knowledge for interactive contexts.
description: Published at K-CAP '23
Realization of the Chern insulator and Axion insulator phases in antiferromagnetic $MnTe$-$Bi_2(Se, Te)_3$-$MnTe$ heterostructures
Creators: name: Pournaghavi, N.
name: Islam, M. F.
name: Islam, Rajibul
name: Autieri, Carmine
name: Dietl, Tomasz
name: Canali, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breaking time-reversal symmetry in three-dimensional topological insulator thin films can lead to different topological quantum phases, such as the Chern insulator (CI) phase, and the axion insulator (AI) phase. Using first-principles density functional theory methods, we investigate the onset of these two topological phases in a tri-layer heterostructure consisting of a Bi$_2$Se$_3$ (Bi$_2$Te$_3$) TI thin film sandwiched between two antiferromagnetic MnTe layers. We find that an orthogonal exchange field from the MnTe layers, stabilized by a small anisotropy barrier, opens an energy gap of the order of 10 meV at the Dirac point of the TI film. A topological analysis demonstrates that, depending on the relative orientation of the exchange field at the two interfaces, the total Chern number of the system is either ${\cal C} = 1$ or ${\cal C} = 0$, characteristic of the CI and the AI phase, respectively. Non-topological surface states inside the energy-gap region, caused by the interface potential, complicate this identification. Remarkably though, the calculation of the anomalous Hall conductivity shows that such non-topological surface states do not affect the topology-induced transport properties. Given the size of the exchange gap, we estimate that gapless chiral edge states, leading to the quantum anomalous Hall effect, should emerge on the sidewalls of these heterostructures in the CI phase for widths $\ge 200$ nm. We also discuss the possibility of inducing transitions between the CI and the AI phases by means of the spin-orbit torque caused by the spin Hall effect in an adjacent conducting layer.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Is ZrB12 two gap superconductor?
Creators: name: Gasparov, V. A.
name: Sidorov, N. S.
name: Zver'kova, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the measurements of the temperature dependence of the resistivity, ρ(T), magnetic penetration depth,λ(T) the lower, Hc1(T), and upper, Hc2(T), critical magnetic fields, for single crystals of dodecaboride ZrB12, diboride ZrB2 and thin films of diboride MgB2. We observe a number of deviations from conventional behavior in these materials. Although ZrB12 behaves like a simple metal in the normal state, the resistive Debye temperature, 300 K, is three times smaller relative to that (800-1200 K) calculated from the specific heat, C(T), data. We observe predominantly quadratic temperature behavior of resistivity in ZrB12 below 25 K, and in ZrB2 below 100 K, indicating the possible importance of the electron-electron interaction in these borides. Superfluid density of ZrB12 displays unconventional temperature dependence with pronounced shoulder at T/Tc equal to 0.65. Contrary to conventional theories we found a linear temperature dependence of Hc2(T) for ZrB12 from Tc down to 0.35 K. We suggest that both λ(T) and Hc2(T) dependencies in ZrB12 can be explained by two band BCS model with different superconducting gap and Tc.
description: PDF file, 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Physical Review B
A Flexible Analytic Model of Cosmic Variance in the First Billion Years
Creators: name: Trapp, A. C.
name: Furlanetto, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic variance is the intrinsic scatter in the number density of galaxies due to fluctuations in the large-scale dark matter density field. In this work, we present a simple analytic model of cosmic variance in the high redshift Universe ($z\sim5-15$). We assume that galaxies grow according to the evolution of the halo mass function, which we allow to vary with large-scale environment. Our model produces a reasonable match to the observed ultraviolet luminosity functions in this era by regulating star formation through stellar feedback and assuming that the UV luminosity function is dominated by recent star formation. We find that cosmic variance in the UVLF is dominated by the variance in the underlying dark matter halo population, and not by differences in halo accretion or the specifics of our stellar feedback model. We also find that cosmic variance dominates over Poisson noise for future high-$z$ surveys except for the brightest sources or at very high redshifts ($z \gtrsim 12$). We provide a linear approximation of cosmic variance for a variety of redshifts, magnitudes, and survey areas through the public Python package galcv. Finally, we introduce a new method for incorporating priors on cosmic variance into estimates of the galaxy luminosity function and demonstrate that it significantly improves constraints on that important observable.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, accepted by MNRAS
On gonihedric loops and quantum gravity
Creators: name: Espriu, D.
name: Prats, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the gonihedric loop model, a reformulation of the two dimensional gonihedric spin model, using two different techniques. First, the usual regular lattice statistical physics problem is mapped onto a height model and studied analytically. Second, the gravitational version of this loop model is studied via matrix models techniques. Both methods lead to the conclusion that the model has $c_{matter}=0$ for all values of the parameters of the model. In this way it is possible to understand the absence of a continuous transition.
Ab initio calculation of intrinsic spin Hall effect in semiconductors
Creators: name: Guo, G. Y.
name: Yao, Yugui
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic band theoretical calculations reveal that intrinsic spin Hall conductivity in hole-doped archetypical semiconductors Ge, GaAs and AlAs is large $[\sim 100 (\hbar/e)(Ωcm)^{-1}]$, showing the possibility of spin Hall effect beyond the four band Luttinger Hamiltonian. The calculated orbital-angular-momentum (orbital) Hall conductivity is one order of magnitude smaller, indicating no cancellation between the spin and orbital Hall effects in bulk semiconductors. Furthermore, it is found that the spin Hall effect can be strongly manipulated by strains, and that the $ac$ spin Hall conductivity in the semiconductors is large in pure as well as doped semiconductors.
description: Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted)
Implementation of Innovative Medical Technologies in German Inpatient Care: Patterns of Utilization and Evidence Development
Creators: name: Dreger, Marie
name: Eckhardt, Helene
name: Felgner, Susanne
name: Ermann, Hanna
name: Lantzsch, Hendrikje
name: Rombey, Tanja
name: Busse, Reinhard
name: Henschke, Cornelia
name: Panteli, Dimitra
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: adoption
subject: clinical trials
subject: diffusion patterns
subject: evidence
subject: Germany
subject: implementation
subject: inpatient care
subject: medical technologies
subject: value-based health care

description: A Correction to this article was published on 24 January 2022 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-022-01187-7
description: Background: Innovative medical technologies are commonly associated with positive expectations. At the time of their introduction into care, there is often little evidence available regarding their benefits and harms. Accordingly, some innovative medical technologies with a lack of evidence are used widely until or even though findings of adverse events emerge, while others with study results supporting their safety and effectiveness remain underused. This study aims at examining the diffusion patterns of innovative medical technologies in German inpatient care between 2005 and 2017 while simultaneously considering evidence development. Methods: Based on a qualitatively derived typology and a quantitative clustering of the adoption curves, a representative sample of 21 technologies was selected for further evaluation. Published scientific evidence on efficacy/effectiveness and safety of the technologies was identified and extracted in a systematic approach. Derived from a two-dimensional classification according to the degree of utilization and availability of supportive evidence, the diffusion patterns were then assigned to the categories “Success” (widespread/positive), “Hazard” (widespread/negative), “Overadoption” (widespread/limited or none), “Underadoption” (cautious/positive), “Vigilance” (cautious/negative), and “Prudence” (cautious/limited or none). Results: Overall, we found limited evidence on the examined technologies regarding both the quantity and quality of published randomized controlled trials. Thus, the categories “Prudence” and “Overadoption” together account for nearly three-quarters of the years evaluated, followed by “Success” with 17%. Even when evidence is available, the transfer of knowledge into practice appears to be inhibited. Conclusions: The successful implementation of safe and effective innovative medical technologies into practice requires substantial further efforts by policymakers to strengthen systematic knowledge generation and translation. Creating an environment that encourages the conduct of rigorous studies, promotes knowledge translation, and rewards innovative medical technologies according to their added value is a prerequisite for the diffusion of valuable health care.
Two-epoch orbit estimation for wide binaries resolved in Hipparcos and Gaia
Creators: name: Makarov, Valeri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hipparcos catalog and its Double and Multiple System Annex (DMSA) lists 4099 components with individual proper motions and coordinates on the epoch 1991.25. Many of these long-period binary stars are also present in the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2). Using the available relative positions and proper motions separated by 25.25 years, the equations of relative orbital motion can be solved for the two epoch eccentric anomalies, orbital period, and eccentricity. The method employs elimination of the linear Thiele-Innes unknowns and nonlinear optimization of the remaining condition equations. The quality of these solutions is compromised by the insufficient condition and modest precision of the Hipparcos astrometric data, as revealed by Monte-Carlo simulations with artificially perturbed data points. The presence of multiple systems and optical pairs can also perturb the results. Limited experiments with artificial data indicate that useful estimates can be obtained with a 25-year epoch difference for wide binaries with orbital periods up to $\sim 500$ years. The prospects of this method dramatically improve with the proposed next-generation space astrometry missions such as Gaia-NIR and Theia, especially when additional conditions are included from astrometric or spectroscopic measurements. A ancillary catalog of cross-identification and astrometric information for 1295 double star pairs cross-matched in Gaia DR2 and Hipparcos is published.
description: Accepted in the Astronomical Journal. Table 1 with Hipparcos and Gaia DR2 data for 1295 pairs is available online. Minor corrections to make it close to the proofed version
Video database retrieval based on trajectory analysis
Creators: name: Gu, Zhe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The increasing volume of video motivates research on video management. Related topics include video representation, organization, query formulation and search. Much work has been done based on shot segmentation of video, however, the temporal nature of video has not been fully investigated. Our goal is to analyze the motion of objects in video, so that video can be retrieved based on objects' motion it records. We emphasize the importance of motion information in video. A two-level abstraction based on the movement of objects is proposed. The first layer describes the movement of objects with trajectory and speed curves, and the second layer abstracts the curves with geometric features. Points with maximum curvature are extracted, then, based on these points, feature values are calculated that are insensitive to planar translation, rotation and scale. Similarity of trajectories is measured by the similarity of the feature values. A similarity measurement metric with point warping is given. We implemented the R-tree as the indexing structure and specialized it to our application. The trajectory and speed curves are analyzed and the abstract feature values are organized within the R-tree structure. A QBE interface is provided, and hierarchical searching is proposed and implemented. Experiments show that video content retrieval based on motion is useful and feasible.
A Boxology of Design Patterns for Hybrid Learning and Reasoning Systems
Creators: name: van Harmelen, Frank
name: Teije, Annette ten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a set of compositional design patterns to describe a large variety of systems that combine statistical techniques from machine learning with symbolic techniques from knowledge representation. As in other areas of computer science (knowledge engineering, software engineering, ontology engineering, process mining and others), such design patterns help to systematize the literature, clarify which combinations of techniques serve which purposes, and encourage re-use of software components. We have validated our set of compositional design patterns against a large body of recent literature.
description: 12 pages,55 references
Best Fidelity Conditions for Three Party Quantum Teleportation
Creators: name: Sim, Sangjin
name: Jin, Jeongwan
name: Kwon, Younghun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the entangled three qubit states classified by Acin et al. we find the best fidelity conditions for quantum teleportation among three parties.
Cyclotomic numerical semigroup polynomials with at most two irreducible factors
Creators: name: Borzì, Alessio
name: Herrera-Poyatos, Andrés
name: Moree, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M14 (Primary), 11C08 (Secondary)

description: A numerical semigroup $S$ is cyclotomic if its semigroup polynomial $P_S$ is a product of cyclotomic polynomials. The number of irreducible factors of $P_S$ (with multiplicity) is the polynomial length $\ell(S)$ of $S.$ We show that a cyclotomic numerical semigroup is complete intersection if $\ell(S)\le 2$. This establishes a particular case of a conjecture of Ciolan, García-Sánchez and Moree (2016) claiming that every cyclotomic numerical semigroup is complete intersection. In addition, we investigate the relation between $\ell(S)$ and the embedding dimension of $S.$
description: 15 pages
Breaking van der Waals molecules with magnetic fields
Creators: name: Krems, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated that weakly bound van der Waals complexes can dissociate in a magnetic field through coupling between the Zeeman levels. The Zeeman predissociation process is shown to be efficient and it can be controlled by external magnetic fields.
A Kiliwa Prepares to Die
Creators: name: Espinoza, Braulio
name: Mixco, Mauricio J.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: klb

description: See Kiliwa Texts: "When I have Donned My Crest of Stars" (University of Utah Press, 1983), p. 131 for transcription, segmentation, glossing, and translation of this story.
Face Mask Detection using Transfer Learning of InceptionV3
Creators: name: Chowdary, G. Jignesh
name: Punn, Narinder Singh
name: Sonbhadra, Sanjay Kumar
name: Agarwal, Sonali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The world is facing a huge health crisis due to the rapid transmission of coronavirus (COVID-19). Several guidelines were issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) for protection against the spread of coronavirus. According to WHO, the most effective preventive measure against COVID-19 is wearing a mask in public places and crowded areas. It is very difficult to monitor people manually in these areas. In this paper, a transfer learning model is proposed to automate the process of identifying the people who are not wearing mask. The proposed model is built by fine-tuning the pre-trained state-of-the-art deep learning model, InceptionV3. The proposed model is trained and tested on the Simulated Masked Face Dataset (SMFD). Image augmentation technique is adopted to address the limited availability of data for better training and testing of the model. The model outperformed the other recently proposed approaches by achieving an accuracy of 99.9% during training and 100% during testing.
A consistent thermodynamic treatment for quark mass density-dependent model
Creators: name: Yin, Shaoyu
name: Su, Ru-Keng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ambiguities and inconsistencies in previous thermodynamic treatments for the quark mass density-dependent model are addressed. A new treatment is suggested to obtain the self-consistent results. A new independent variable of effective mass is introduced to make the traditional thermodynamic calculation with partial derivative still practicable. The contribution from physical vacuum has been discussed. We find that the properties of strange quark matter given by quark mass density-dependent model are nearly the same as those obtained by MIT bag model after considering the contribution of the physical vacuum.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Gravity tests and the Pioneer anomaly
Creators: name: Jaekel, Marc-Thierry
name: Reynaud, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental tests of gravity performed in the solar system show a good agreement with general relativity. The latter is however challenged by the Pioneer anomaly which might be pointing at some modification of gravity law at ranges of the order of the size of the solar system. We introduce a metric extension of general relativity which, while preserving the equivalence principle, modifies the coupling between curvature and stress tensors and, therefore, the metric solution in the solar system. The ``post-Einsteinian extension'' replaces Newton gravitation constant by two running coupling constants, which depend on the scale and differ in the sectors of traceless and traced tensors, so that the metric solution is characterized by two gravitation potentials. The extended theory has the capability to preserve compatibility with gravity tests while accounting for the Pioneer anomaly. It can also be tested by new experiments or, maybe, by having a new look at data of already performed experiments.
description: 10 pages
Flesch-Thebesius, Marlies: Hauptsache Schweigen - ein Legen unterm Hakenkreuz
Creators: name: Fritsch-Oppermann, Sybille
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 38 Nr. 3 (1989): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 38, Heft 3
Relativistic modeling of atmospheric occultations with time transfer functions
Creators: name: Bourgoin, A.
name: Zannoni, M.
name: Casajus, L. Gomez
name: Tortora, P.
name: Teyssandier, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Occultation experiments represent unique opportunities for probing remotely physical properties of atmospheres. The data processing requires one to properly account for refractivity while modeling the time/frequency transfers of an electromagnetic signal. On theoretical grounds, little work have been done concerning the elaboration of a covariant approach for modeling occultation data. Aims: We present an original method allowing one to derive up to the appropriate order fully analytical expressions for the covariant description of time/frequency transfers during an atmospheric occultation experiment. Methods: We make use of two independent powerful relativistic theoretical tools, namely the optical spacetime metric, and the time transfer functions formalism. The first one allows us to consider refractivity as spacetime curvature while the second one is used to determine the time/frequency transfers occurring in a curved spacetime. Results: We provide the integral form of the time transfer function up to any post-Minkowskian order. We specify the discussion to a stationary optical spacetime describing an occultation by a steady rotating and spherically symmetric atmosphere. Explicit analytical expressions for the time/frequency transfers are provided at the first post-Minkowskian order and their accuracy is assessed by comparing them to results of a numerical integration of the equations for optical rays. Conclusions: The method accurately describes vertical temperature gradients and properly accounts for light-dragging effect due to the motion of the optical medium. It can be pushed further in order to derive the explicit form of the time transfer function at higher order and beyond the spherical symmetry assumption.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
Learning to Prompt for Vision-Language Models
Creators: name: Zhou, Kaiyang
name: Yang, Jingkang
name: Loy, Chen Change
name: Liu, Ziwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have shown great potential in learning representations that are transferable across a wide range of downstream tasks. Different from the traditional representation learning that is based mostly on discretized labels, vision-language pre-training aligns images and texts in a common feature space, which allows zero-shot transfer to a downstream task via prompting, i.e., classification weights are synthesized from natural language describing classes of interest. In this work, we show that a major challenge for deploying such models in practice is prompt engineering, which requires domain expertise and is extremely time-consuming -- one needs to spend a significant amount of time on words tuning since a slight change in wording could have a huge impact on performance. Inspired by recent advances in prompt learning research in natural language processing (NLP), we propose Context Optimization (CoOp), a simple approach specifically for adapting CLIP-like vision-language models for downstream image recognition. Concretely, CoOp models a prompt's context words with learnable vectors while the entire pre-trained parameters are kept fixed. To handle different image recognition tasks, we provide two implementations of CoOp: unified context and class-specific context. Through extensive experiments on 11 datasets, we demonstrate that CoOp requires as few as one or two shots to beat hand-crafted prompts with a decent margin and is able to gain significant improvements over prompt engineering with more shots, e.g., with 16 shots the average gain is around 15% (with the highest reaching over 45%). Despite being a learning-based approach, CoOp achieves superb domain generalization performance compared with the zero-shot model using hand-crafted prompts.
description: International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), 2022. Update: Adds results on the DOSCO (DOmain Shift in COntext) benchmark
Fraud and Fairy Tales: Storytelling and Linguistic Indexicals in Scam E-mails
Creators: name: Hiß, Florian
Publisher: name: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Year: 2015
Subjects: Narratives, Indexicality, Scam, Spam, Identity, E-mail

description: Most of us receive numerous spam e-mails, texts that in one or the other way try to convince us to engage in the transaction of enormous sums of money, promising enormous benefits. In reality, such scam e-mails are fraudulent attempts to swindle money from unsuspecting Internet users. Language, its social contexts, and the composition of texts play a crucial role in the scammers’ strategies to approach their victims. This article uncovers and discusses some of the linguistic strategies by which scammers try to shape a sense of identity and mutual relationship – in the face of virtual anonymity –, and to involve their readers personally. In their attempts to get the recipients involved, scammers combine cultural indexicals, interactional roles, and narrative strategies. The analysis distinguishes three different narrative strategies in scam e-mails: Based on first, second, and third person stories, scammers establish links with the recipients by combining fictional content with real-world contexts. Some of the narratives display quite elaborate and artful traits and involve prototypical functions of traditional fairy tales. Hereby they implicitly connect the story content with the interactional roles of e-mail communication.
description: International Journal of Literary Linguistics, Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Fraud and Fairy Tales