cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Periodic trajectories in P-time event graphs and the non-positive circuit weight problem
Creators: name: Zorzenon, Davide
name: Komenda, Jan
name: Raisch, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: P-time event graphs (P-TEGs) are specific timed discrete-event systems, in which the timing of events is constrained by intervals. An important problem is to check, for all natural numbers $d$, the existence of consistent $d$-periodic trajectories for a given P-TEG. In graph theory, the Proportional-Inverse-Constant-Non-positive Circuit weight Problem (PIC-NCP) consists in finding all the values of a parameter such that a particular parametric weighted directed graph does not contain circuits with positive weight. In a related paper, we have proposed a strongly polynomial algorithm that solves the PIC-NCP in lower worst-case complexity compared to other algorithms reported in literature. In the present paper, we show that the first problem can be formulated as an instance of the second; consequently, we prove that the same algorithm can be used to find $d$-periodic trajectories in P-TEGs. Moreover, exploiting the connection between the PIC-NCP and max-plus algebra we prove that, given a P-TEG, the existence of a consistent 1-periodic trajectory of a certain period is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a consistent $d$-periodic trajectory of the same period, for any value of $d$.
description: Minor corrections
Signatures of the extragalactic cosmic-ray source composition from spectrum and shower depth measurements
Creators: name: Allard, D.
name: Olinto, A. V.
name: Parizot, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the differences induced by the assumed composition of extragalactic sources on the predicted UHECR spectrum and the energy evolution of $$, i.e. the mean value of the atmospheric depth at the cosmic-ray air shower maximum. We show that different assumptions for the source power evolution do not modify our earlier finding that in the case of a mixed composition the ankle can be interpreted as the end of the transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays. We show the characteristic features in the shape of $$(E) that are associated with this transition for each cosmic-ray composition model. These characteristic features are present whatever the hadronic model used for the calculation. In the mixed composition cases, a signature of the interactions of nuclei with the photon backgrounds is also expected above $10^{19}$ eV. The comparisons with Stereo HiRes and Fly's Eye data favour an extragalactic mixed composition and the corresponding interpretation of the ankle. Confrontation of model predictions with future data at the highest energies will allow a better determination of the transition features and of the cosmic-ray source composition, independently of hadronic models. We also emphasize that in the pure proton case, a combined analysis of the spectrum and composition below the ankle could lead to constraints on the source power evolution with redshift.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures Minor changes (some sentences clarified), to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Superconductors with two critical temperatures
Creators: name: Di Grezia, E.
name: Esposito, S.
name: Salesi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple model for superconductors endowed with two critical temperatures, corresponding to two second-order phase transitions, in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau mean-field theory. For very large Cooper pair self-interaction, in addition to the standard condensation occurring in the Ginzburg-Landau theory, we find another phase transition at a lower temperature with a maximum difference of 15% between the two critical temperatures.
description: revtex, 3 pages, one eps figure
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey. II. Supernova Remnants in the first quadrant of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Dokara, Rohit
name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Dzib, S. A.
name: Reich, W.
name: Cotton, W. D.
name: Anderson, L. D.
name: Chen, C. -H. R.
name: Gong, Y.
name: Medina, S. -N. X.
name: Ortiz-León, G. N.
name: Rugel, M.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Yang, A. Y.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Billington, S. J.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Carrasco-González, C.
name: Roy, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The properties of the population of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) are essential to our understanding of the dynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the Milky Way. However, the completeness of the catalog of Galactic SNRs is expected to be only ${\sim}30\%$, with on order 700 SNRs yet to be detected. Deep interferometric radio continuum surveys of the Galactic plane help in rectifying this apparent deficiency by identifying low surface brightness SNRs and compact SNRs that have not been detected in previous surveys. However, SNRs are routinely confused with H II regions, which can have similar radio morphologies. Radio spectral index, polarization, and emission at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths can help distinguish between SNRs and H II regions. Aims. We aim to identify SNR candidates using continuum images from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array GLObal view of the STAR formation in the Milky Way (GLOSTAR) survey. Methods. GLOSTAR is a C-band (4--8 GHz) radio wavelength survey of the Galactic plane covering $358^{\circ} \leq l \leq 60^{\circ}, |b| \leq 1^{\circ}$. The continuum images from this survey, which resulted from observations with the most compact configuration of the array, have an angular resolution of $18''$. We searched for SNRs in these images to identify known SNRs, previously identified SNR candidates, and new SNR candidates. We study these objects in MIR surveys and the GLOSTAR polarization data to classify their emission as thermal or nonthermal. Results. We identify 157 SNR candidates, of which 80 are new. Polarization measurements provide evidence of nonthermal emission from 9 of these candidates. We find that two previously identified candidates are filaments. We also detect emission from 91 of the 94 known SNRs in the survey region. Four of these are reclassified as H II regions following detection in MIR surveys. (Abridged)
description: To be published in A&A. 36 pages, 22 figures in text, 80 figures in Appendix. Revision 1: grammar, position information of one object, other minor changes. Revision 2: added arXiv link to the main GLOSTAR paper
Modelling Complexity in Musical Rhythm
Creators: name: Liou, Cheng-Yuan
name: Wu, Tai-Hei
name: Lee, Chia-Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper constructs a tree structure for the music rhythm using the L-system. It models the structure as an automata and derives its complexity. It also solves the complexity for the L-system. This complexity can resolve the similarity between trees. This complexity serves as a measure of psychological complexity for rhythms. It resolves the music complexity of various compositions including the Mozart effect K488. Keyword: music perception, psychological complexity, rhythm, L-system, automata, temporal associative memory, inverse problem, rewriting rule, bracketed string, tree similarity
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
The islands of shape coexistence within the Elliott and the proxy-SU(3) Models
Creators: name: Martinou, Andriana
name: Bonatsos, Dennis
name: Mertzimekis, T. J.
name: Karakatsanis, K. E.
name: Assimakis, I. E.
name: Peroulis, S. K.
name: Sarantopoulou, S.
name: Minkov, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel dual-shell mechanism for the phenomenon of shape coexistence in nuclei within the Elliott SU(3) and the proxy-SU(3) symmetry is proposed for all mass regions. It is supposed, that shape coexistence is activated by large quadrupole-quadrupole interaction and involves the interchange among the spin-orbit (SO) like shells within nucleon numbers 6-14, 14-28, 28-50, 50-82, 82-126, 126-184, which are being described by the proxy-SU(3) symmetry, and the harmonic oscillator (HO) shells within nucleon numbers 2-8, 8-20, 20-40, 40-70, 70-112, 112-168 of the Elliott SU(3) symmetry. The outcome is, that shape coexistence may occur in certain islands on the nuclear map. The dual-shell mechanism predicts without any free parameters, that nuclei with proton number (Z) or neutron number (N) between 7-8, 17-20, 34-40, 59-70, 96-112, 146-168 are possible candidates for shape coexistence. In the light nuclei the nucleons flip from the HO shell to the neighboring SO-like shell, which means, that particle excitations occur. For this mass region, the predicted islands of shape coexistence, coincide with the islands of inversion. But in medium mass and heavy nuclei, in which the nucleons inhabit the SO-like shells, shape coexistence is accompanied by a merging of the SO-like shell with the open HO shell. The shell merging can be accomplished by the outer product of the SU(3) irreps of the two shells and represents the unification of the HO shell with the SO-like shell.
description: 31 pages, 25 figures, 4 tables
Community opinion on Collingwood substance abuse prevention needs
Creators: name: Hetherington, Tom Tom
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This study gathered data on: What are the community identified substance abuse prevention needs in a culturally diverse, low income, urban community? The study focused on the Collingwood area of Vancouver as it is a multicultural, low income, and urban neighborhood. The study identified community opinion on local prevention needs by interviewing twelve area residents, eleven social service providers, and two distribution employees (total n=25). A content analysis methodology was used to identify ten frequently cited themes under attitudinal and strategic classifications. The results indicate resident and provider differences. Residents are tolerant and providers view this tolerance as denial. Residents favor social control and treatment strategies; providers favor attitude change and holistic strategies. Existing resources were seen as fragmented and early prevention education as being central to a comprehensive strategy. The implications of these findings for planners is discussed.
Mid-Infrared Observations of Class I/Flat-Spectrum Systems in Six Nearby Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Haisch, Karl E.
name: Barsony, Mary
name: Ressler, Michael E.
name: Greene, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained new mid-infrared observations of 65 Class I/Flat-Spectrum (F.S.) objects in the Perseus, Taurus, Chamaeleon I/II, Rho Ophiuchi, and Serpens dark clouds. We detected 45/48 (94%) of the single sources, 16/16 (100%) of the primary components, and 12/16 (75%) of the secondary/triple components of the binary/multiple objects surveyed. The composite spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for all of our sample sources are either Class I or F.S., and, in 15/16 multiple systems, at least one of the individual components displays a Class I or F.S. spectral index. However, the occurrence of mixed pairings, such as F.S. with Class I, F.S. with Class II, and, in one case, F.S. with Class III, is surprisingly frequent. Such behaviour is not consistent with that of multiple systems among T Tauri stars (TTS), where the companion of a classical TTS also tends to be a classical TTS, although other mixed pairings have been previously observed among Class II objects. Based on an analysis of the spectral indices of the individual binary components, there appears to be a higher proportion of mixed Class I/F.S. systems (65-80%) than that of mixed Classical/Weak-Lined TTS (25-40%), demonstrating that the envelopes of Class I/ F.S. systems are rapidly evolving during this evolutionary phase. We report the discovery of a steep spectral index secondary companion to ISO-ChaI 97, detected for the first time via our mid-infrared observations. In our previous near- infrared imaging survey of binary/multiple Class I/F.S. sources, ISO-ChaI 97 appeared to be single. With a spectral index of Alpha >= 3.9, the secondary component of this system is a member of a rare class of very steep spectral index objects, those with Alpha > 3. Only three such objects have previously been reported, all of which are either Class 0 or Class I.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables
Light-cone sum rules for proton decay
Creators: name: Haisch, Ulrich
name: Hala, Amando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the form factors that parametrise the hadronic matrix elements of proton-to-pion transitions with the help of light-cone sum rules. These form factors are relevant for semi-leptonic proton decay channels induced by baryon-number violating dimension-six operators, as typically studied in the context of grand unified theories. We calculate the form factors in a kinematical regime where the momentum transfer from the proton to the pion is space-like and extrapolate our final results to the regime that is relevant for proton decay. In this way, we obtain estimates for the form factors that show agreement with the state-of-the-art calculations in lattice QCD, if systematic uncertainties are taken into account. Our work is a first step towards calculating more involved proton decay channels where lattice QCD results are not available at present.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor modifications and additions to the text; matches version published in JHEP
Eclipsing binaries observed with the WIRE satellite. II. beta Aurigae and non-linear limb darkening in light curves
Creators: name: Southworth, John
name: Bruntt, Hans
name: Buzasi, Derek L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the most precise light curve ever obtained of a detached eclipsing binary star and use it investigate the inclusion of non-linear limb darkening laws in eclipsing binary light curve models. This light curve, of the bright system beta Aurigae, was obtained using the star tracker aboard the WIRE satellite and contains 30000 datapoints with a scatter of 0.3 mmag. We analyse it using a version of the EBOP code modified to include non-linear limb darkening and to directly incorporate observed times of minimum light and spectroscopic light ratios into the solution as individual observations. We also analyse the dataset with the WD code to ensure that the two models give consistent results. EBOP provides an excellent fit to the WIRE data. Whilst the fractional radii are only defined to a precision of 5%, including an accurate published spectroscopic light ratio improves this dramatically to 0.5%. Using non-linear limb darkening improves the quality of the fit significantly and causes the measured radii to increase by 0.4%. It is possible to derive all of the limb darkening coefficients from the light curve, although they are strongly correlated with each other, and they agree with theoretical predictions. The radii and masses of the components of beta Aur are R_A = 2.762 +/- 0.017 Rsun, R_B = 2.568 +/- 0.017 Rsun, M_A = 2.376 +/- 0.027 Msun and M_B = 2.291 +/- 0.027 Msun. Theoretical stellar models can match these parameters for a solar metal abundance and an age of 450-500 Myr. The Hipparcos trigonometric parallax and an interferometrically-derived orbital parallax give distances to beta Aur which are in excellent agreement with each other and with distances derived using surface brightness relations and several sets of empirical and theoretical bolometric corrections (abridged).
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted by A&A. The (marvellous) WIRE light curve is available from CDS. The analysis code and WIRE light curve are available from http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/~jkt
MOESM1 of Inferring network properties based on the epidemic prevalence
Creators: name: Ma, Long
name: Liu, Qiang
name: Van Mieghem, Piet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary material for inferring network properties based on the epidemic prevalence.
title: Mending the sensible
title: ontoexperiments for a politics of matter
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Middleton, Jonnet
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2018

description: Mending performs an experimental material ontology to test and reconfigure what mender and matter can become. Mending enacts a radical response-ability for and towards liveable more than human worlds. Yet mending seems impossible to do. I unravel this trouble with Jacques Rancière’s politics of perception, the ‘distribution of the sensible’. The ‘sensible’ becomes shorthand for the neoliberal ordering of reality which conceals the material trouble and ‘unexists’ alternative ways to inhabit a world. ‘Mending the sensible’ is a sensory unravelling of givenness to create the conditions for mending’s material possibility. I turn to technoscience and feminist materialism — principally Barad’s posthuman performativity, Papadopoulos, Stephenson and Tsianos’ imperceptible politics, and Yusoff’s insensible matter — to apprehend mending as an outside politics of matter. Mending is material action which does not count in/for the ‘sensible’ order, and which constitutes noncapitalist worlds by reconfiguring capital’s excess. I am an ontoworker living in/as experiment. Previous roles of artist, activist and researcher have become undone. Ontowork is the everyday sensory and material testing of ontological rearrangements of self and lifeworld. Ontoexperiments follow emergent protocols to bring material entanglements into relation through risky ontological manoeuvres and concrete everyday matterings, like consuming no more clothes ever, or escaping the sensible force field and its comforts by moving to Cuba. The thesis is a diffracted onto-ethnographical account of cutting myself apart from sensible givens, and my experience of becoming otherwise in an alter-ontological construction site. It comprises five ontotales, one for each ontoexperiment, and an ontomanual which grounds an unknowing, indeterminate performance of un/ becoming in continuous experience and outside politics. The aim is for scholarship about mending’s possibility to perform itself in material worlds, to achieve material and sensory alignment between everyday experience and what we are for.
The LIL for canonical $U$-statistics
Creators: name: Adamczak, Radosław
name: Latała, Rafał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60E15 (Primary)

description: We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the (bounded) law of the iterated logarithm for canonical $U$-statistics of arbitrary order $d$, extending the previously known results for $d=2$. The nasc's are expressed as growth conditions on a parameterized family of norms associated with the $U$-statistics kernel.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOP351 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Trade protectionism and industrial decline : a hegemonic analysis of U.S. auto trade policy toward Canada during the postwar period
Creators: name: Higuchi, Ikuko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This study tests the contention of the hegemonic stability theory that trade protectionism follows industrial decline of a hegemonic country, citing examples from the U.S. foreign policy toward Canada in automotive trade during the postwar period. Superior economic power of the United States enabled the country to take leadership for more than a decade after the Second World War to create world order and a liberal economic system exemplified in free trade. Since around 1970s, however, decline of the U.S. economic and industrial power has been observed, particularly in the field of automotive industry. Statistical data presented in this thesis showed the growing penetration of the U.S. market for automobiles by foreign manufacturers and the stagnant grow thin the U.S. domestic production of automobiles, representing the decline of U.S. competitiveness in this industry. Moreover, a problem of Japanese auto exports to the United States were brought forth in the 1980s and resulted in trade friction between the United States and Japan, which caused mounting protectionistic sway in the U.S. Congress against the Japanese auto industry. A comparison of the two case studies conducted in this thesis showed the shift occurred in U.S. foreign trade policy toward Canada as the U.S. competitiveness in auto industry declined and the external environment changed (such as the emergence of Japan as a major auto exporter). The first case study deals with the Auto Pact of 1965, a sectoral free trade agreement between the United States and Canada. Considering that the Auto Pact resulted from a unilateral Canadian effort to regain trade balance with the United States by increasing its production and exports of automobiles and that the Auto Pact contains substantial safeguard to the Canadian auto industry, it may be concluded that the U.S. policy in this case was generous to Canada, tolerating Canada's protectionism at the time in order to achieve a freer trade and reciprocity in the future. The second case study deals with the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, focusing on the automotive trade aspect of the agreement. Contrary to the previous Auto Pact, the U.S. policy toward Canada which was examined in this example seemed to have become increasingly protectionistic and self-centred. This policy shift is observed in such aspect as the termination of the Canadian safeguard, introduction of tougher North American content requirement and limiting the Auto Pact to the original member manufacturers back in the 1960s. Therefore, in conclusion, this thesis upholds the theoretical contention of the behaviour of a declining hegemon, such as growing protectionism, with respect to the case of U.S. automotive industry.
Chalcogenic orbital density waves in weak and strong coupling limit
Creators: name: Kłosiński, Adam
name: Oleś, Andrzej Michał
name: Agrapidis, Cliò Efthimia
name: van Wezel, Jasper
name: Wohlfeld, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stimulated by recent works highlighting the indispensable role of Coulomb interactions in the formation of helical chains and chiral electronic order in the elemental chalcogens, we explore the p-orbital Hubbard model on a one-dimensional helical chain. By solving it in the Hartree approximation we find a stable ground state with a period-three orbital density wave. We establish that the precise form of the emerging order strongly depends on the Hubbard interaction strength. In the strong coupling limit, the Coulomb interactions support an orbital density wave that is qualitatively different from that in the weak-coupling regime. We identify the phase transition separating these two orbital ordered phases, and show that realistic values for the inter-orbital Coulomb repulsion in elemental chalcogens place them in the weak coupling phase, in agreement with observations of the order in the elemental chalcogens.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Mapping the hidden magnetic field of the quiet Sun
Creators: name: Arjona, J. C. Trelles
name: González, M. J. Martínez
name: Cobo, B. Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sun is the only star where we can resolve the intricate magnetism that all convective stars harbor. Yet, more than 99% of its visible surface along the solar cycle (the so-called quiet Sun) is filled with a tangled, unresolved magnetism. These "hidden" fields are thought to store enough magnetic energy to play a role in the heating of the Sun's outer atmosphere, but its field strength is still not constrained. Previous investigations based on the Hanle effect in atomic lines claim a strong magnetization of about 100 G, while the same effect in molecules show a factor of 10 weaker fields. The discrepancy disappears if the magnetic field strength of the hidden is not homogeneous in the solar surface. In this letter, we prove using magnetohydrodynamical simulations that it is possible to infer the average field strength of the hidden quiet Sun magnetic fields using multi-line inversions of intensity profiles in the Zeeman regime. Using this technique with 15 spectral lines in the 1.5 $μ$m spectral range, we reveal that the spatial distribution of the hidden field is strongly correlated with convection motions, and that the average magnetization is about 46 G. Reconciling our findings with the Hanle ones is not obvious and will require future work on both sides, since it implies an increase of the field strength with height, something that is physically questionable.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Controlling drop size and polydispersity using chemically patterned surfaces
Creators: name: Kusumaatmaja, H.
name: Yeomans, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore numerically the feasibility of using chemical patterning to control the size and polydispersity of micron-scale drops. The simulations suggest that it is possible to sort drops by size or wetting properties by using an array of hydrophilic stripes of different widths. We also demonstrate that monodisperse drops can be generated by exploiting the pinning of a drop on a hydrophilic stripe. Our results follow from using a lattice Boltzmann algorithm to solve the hydrodynamic equations of motion of the drops and demonstrate the applicability of this approach as a design tool for micofluidic devices with chemically patterned surfaces.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Langmuir
WIYN Open Cluster Study LXXXV. Li in NGC 2243 -- Implications for Stellar and Galactic Evolution
Creators: name: Anthony-Twarog, B. J.
name: Deliyannis, C. P.
name: Twarog, . B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-dispersion spectra in the Li 6708 Angstrom region have been obtained and analyzed in the old, metal-deficient cluster, NGC 2243. From Hydra spectra for 29 astrometric and radial-velocity members, we derive rotational velocities, as well as [Fe/H], [Ca/H], [Si/H], and [Ni/H] based on 17, 1, 1, and 3 lines, respectively. Using ROBOSPECT, an automatic equivalent width measurement program, we derive [Fe/H] = -0.54 +/- 0.11 (MAD), for an internal precision for the cluster [Fe/H] below 0.03 dex. Given the more restricted line set, comparable values for [Ca/H], [Si/H], and [Ni/H] are -0.48 +/- 0.19, -0.44 +/- 0.11, and -0.61 +/- 0.06, respectively. With E(B-V) = 0.055, appropriate isochrones imply (m-M) = 13.2 +/- 0.1 and an age of 3.6 +/- 0.2 Gyr. Using available VLT spectra and published Li abundances, we construct a Li sample of over 100 stars extending from the tip of the giant branch to 0.5 mag below the Li-dip. The Li-dip is well populated and, when combined with results for NGC 6819 and Hyades/Praesepe, implies a mass/metallicity slope of 0.4 solar-mass/dex for the high mass edge of the Li-dip. The A(Li) distribution among giants reflects the degree of Li variation among the turnoff stars above the Li-dip, itself a function of stellar mass and metallicity and strongly anticorrelated with a v_rot distribution that dramatically narrows with age. Potential implications of these patterns for the interpretation of Li among dwarf and giant field populations, especially selection biases tied to age and metallicity, are discussed.
description: 24 pages; 12 figures; accepted for Astronomical Journal
Weak ferroelectric charge transfer in layer-asymmetric bilayers of 2D semiconductors
Creators: name: Ferreira, F.
name: Enaldiev, V. V.
name: Fal'ko, V. I.
name: Magorrian, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In bilayers of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with stacking arrangements which lack inversion symmetry charge transfer between the layers due to layer-asymmetric interband hybridisation can generate a potential difference between the layers. We analyse bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) - in particular, WSe$_2$ - for which we find a substantial stacking-dependent charge transfer, and InSe, for which the charge transfer is found to be negligibly small. The information obtained about TMDs is then used to map potentials generated by the interlayer charge transfer across the moiré superlattice in twistronic bilayers.
description: To appear in Scientific Reports
Intrinsic dimension of a dataset: what properties does one expect?
Creators: name: Pestov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an axiomatic approach to the concept of an intrinsic dimension of a dataset, based on a viewpoint of geometry of high-dimensional structures. Our first axiom postulates that high values of dimension be indicative of the presence of the curse of dimensionality (in a certain precise mathematical sense). The second axiom requires the dimension to depend smoothly on a distance between datasets (so that the dimension of a dataset and that of an approximating principal manifold would be close to each other). The third axiom is a normalization condition: the dimension of the Euclidean $n$-sphere $\s^n$ is $Θ(n)$. We give an example of a dimension function satisfying our axioms, even though it is in general computationally unfeasible, and discuss a computationally cheap function satisfying most but not all of our axioms (the ``intrinsic dimensionality'' of Chávez et al.)
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, latex with IEEE macros, final submission to Proceedings of the 22nd IJCNN (Orlando, FL, August 12-17, 2007)
Measuring chiral imbalance with collisional energy loss
Creators: name: Carignano, Stefano
name: Manuel, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the collisional energy loss of an {energetic} massive fermion crossing a chiral plasma at finite temperature characterized by an imbalance between the populations of left-handed and right-handed fermions. We find a new contribution to the energy loss which is proportional to the helicity of the test fermion and depends on the amount of chiral imbalance in the plasma. We then compute the difference between the energy loss of a fermion with the two opposite helicities, to assess whether this could be used to quantify the chiral imbalance in the plasma. We find that the leading contribution to these helicity-dependent energy loss contributions comes from the exchange of hard photons (or gluons for QCD) with the medium constituents, and in some scenarios can become comparable to the leading-order result for a plasma without any chiral imbalance. We also evaluate the contribution arising from soft photon exchange, which is a subleading effect, and requires regularization. We illustrate how dimensional regularization is a well suited prescription to be applied to these energy loss computations.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure. v2: expanded discussion, typos fixed. matches published version
Entanglement Entropy of One-dimensional Gapped Spin Chains
Creators: name: Hirano, Takaaki
name: Hatsugai, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the entanglement entropy (EE) of gapped S=1 and $S=1/2$ spin chains with dimerization. We find that the effective boundary degrees of freedom as edge states contribute significantly to the EE. For the $S=1/2$ dimerized Heisenberg chain, the EE of the sufficiently long chain is essentially explained by the localized $S=1/2$ effective spins on the boundaries. As for S=1, the effective spins are also $S=1/2$ causing a Kennedy triplet that yields a lower bound for the EE. In this case, the residual entanglement reduces substantially by a continuous deformation of the Heisenberg model to that of the AKLT Hamiltonian.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Variations in the D/H ratio of extended sightlines from FUSE observations
Creators: name: Oliveira, Cristina M.
name: Hebrard, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use new FUSE data to determine the column densities of interstellar DI, NI, OI, FeII, and H2 along the HD41161 and HD53975 sightlines. Together with N(HI) from the literature (derived from Copernicus and IUE data) we derive D/H, N/H, and O/H ratios. These high column density sightlines have both log H(HI)>21.00 and allow us to probe gas up to 1300 pc. In particular these sightlines allow us to determine the gas phase D/H ratio in a hydrogen column density range, log N(H)>20.70, where the only five measurements available in the literature yield a weighted average of D/H = (0.86 +/- 0.08)E-5. We find D/H=(2.14+ 0.51 - 0.43)E-5 along the HD41161 sightline. This ratio is 3sigma higher than the weighted mean D/H ratio quoted above, for sightlines with log N(H)>20.70, while the D/H ratio for the HD53975 line of sight, D/H = (1.02 +0.23 -0.20)E-5, agrees within the 1sigma uncertainties. Our D/H measurement along the HD 41161 sightline presents the first evidence of variations of D/H at high N(H). Our result seems to indicate that either the long sightlines that according to the deuterium depletion model are dominated by cold undisturbed gas where deuterium would be depleted onto carbonaceous grains occur at higher N(H) than previously thought or that the clumping of low D/H values in the literature for the long sightlines has another explanation. In addition, the relatively high signal-to-noise ratio of the HD41161 data allows us to place constraints on the f-values of some neutral chlorine transitions, present in the FUSE bandpass, for which only theoretical values are available.
description: Accepted for publication on the Dec 10 2006 issue of the ApJ
Dielectric and electro-mechanic nonlinearities in perovskite oxide ferroelectrics, relaxors and relaxor ferroelectrics
Creators: name: Riemer, Lukas M.
name: Jin, Li
name: Uršič, Hana
name: Otonicar, Mojca
name: Rojac, Tadej
name: Damjanovic, Dragan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The polarization and strain response of ferroelectric materials at fields below the macroscopic coercive field is of a paramount importance for the operation of many electronic devices. The response of real ferroelectric and related materials is in general complex and difficult to interpret. The reason for this is that many processes in a ferroelectric material contribute to its properties, often concurrently. Examples include motion of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains, presence of domains within domains, dynamics of different types of polar nano-entities, interaction of polar nano-entities (e.g., polar nanoregions in relaxors) with the strain and polarization within domains, motion of defects and rearrangement of defect clusters and their interaction with polarization and strain. One signature of these processes is nonlinearity of the strain and polarization. Most ferroelectrics exhibit nonlinear response at all practical field levels meaning that the apparent material coefficients depend on the amplitude of the driving excitation. In this paper we show that an investigation of nonlinear behavior is a sensitive way to study various mechanisms operating in dielectric and piezoelectric materials. We review the basic formalism of the nonlinear description of polarization and strain, give a physical interpretation of different terms and illustrate this approach on numerous examples of relaxors, relaxor ferroelectrics, hard and soft ferroelectrics, and morphotropic phase boundary compositions. An experimental approach based on a lock-in technique that is well-suited for such studies is also discussed.
description: main text 35 pages, 8 figures; supplementary material 3 pages and 5 figures
Multiphase field models for collective cell migration
Creators: name: Wenzel, Dennis
name: Voigt, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Confluent cell monolayers and epithelia tissues show remarkable patterns and correlations in structural arrangements and actively-driven collective flows. We simulate these properties using multiphase field models. The models are based on cell deformations and cell-cell interactions and we investigate the influence of microscopic details to incorporate active forces on emerging phenomena. We compare four different approaches, one in which the activity is determined by a random orientation, one where the activity is related to the deformation of the cells and two models with subcellular details to resolve the mechanochemical interactions underlying cell migration. The models are compared with respect to generic features, such as solid-to-liquid phase transitions, cell shape variability, emerging nematic properties, as well as vorticity correlations and flow patterns in large confluent monolayers and confinements. All results are compared with experimental data for a large variety of cell cultures. The appearing qualitative differences of the models show the importance of microscopic details and provide a route towards predictive simulations of patterns and correlations in cell colonies.
description: 12 pages
The relative contribution of gesture to communication in aphasia : a case study
Creators: name: Hirsch, Fabiane Monique
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Communication involves the use of many modalities. Communication modalities used for expressing information include speech, gesture, writing, and others. Although speech is usually considered the primary modality for expression of information, other modalities, such as gesture, are often integral parts of communicative exchanges. The purpose of this study was to examine the expressive communication ability, through different modalities, in an aphasic subject who demonstrated exceptional use of gesture in spontaneous conversation. Findings were discussed within the context of two hypotheses: (1) a central organizer exists which coordinates the output modalities; and (2) the modalities are differentially impaired for this subject, but symbolic functioning is relatively intact. This investigation involved a single subject. Videotapes were made of the subject describing sequences of pictures. Modality use (speech, gesture, or written) was restricted in different attempts at sequence description, so that the subject described each sequence in each individual modality and in all possible combinations of modalities. Judges observed the videotapes of the subject (and written material produced by the subject, when writing was allowed), and recorded the information they perceived. The information recorded by the judges was the data used for analysis of the subject's communicative ability through different modalities. Findings supported differential impairment of modalities for this subject. Communication through speech was more severely impaired than communication through gesture or writing. Symbolic functioning appeared to be relatively intact. Coordination of the output modalities was demonstrated. It was proposed that a central organizer is responsible for this coordination. A brief outline of how such a central organizer might function is presented. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Summing planar diagrams
Creators: name: Kruczenski, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the sum of planar diagrams for open strings propagating on N D3-branes and show that it can be recast as the propagation of a closed string with a Hamiltonian H = H_0 - g_s N P where H_0 is the free Hamiltonian and P is the hole or loop insertion operator. We compute explicitly P and study its properties. When the distance y to the D3-branes is much larger than the string length, y >> l_s, small holes dominate and H becomes a supersymmetric Hamiltonian describing the propagation of a closed string in the full D3-brane supergravity background in a particular gauge that we call sigma-gauge. At strong coupling, g_s N >> 1, there is a region 1 << y << (g_sN)^(1/4) where H is a supersymmetric Hamiltonian describing the propagation of closed strings in AdS_5xS^5. We emphasize that both results follow from the open string planar diagrams without any reference to the existence of a D3-brane supergravity background. A by-product of our analysis is a closed form for the scattering of a generic closed string state from a D3-brane. Finally, we briefly discuss how this method could be applied to a field theory and describe a way to rewrite the planar Feynman diagrams as the propagation of a string with a non-local Hamiltonian by identifying the shape of the string with the trajectory of the particle.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX. v2: references added v3: Appendices added expanding some calculations
MOESM4 of Inflammatory responses to a pathogenic West Nile virus strain
Creators: name: Huang, Bixing
name: West, Nic
name: Vider, Jelena
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Griffiths, Rebecca
name: Wolvetang, Ernst
name: Burtonclay, Peter
name: Warrilow, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S1. Volcano plots of gene expression analysis for additional virus infections performed in this study. (A) Gene induction of Boort isolate infected SK-N-SH cells using WNVKUN isolates (except NSW2012) infected cells as a baseline. (B) Gene induction of MVEV infected SK-N-SH cells using uninfected cells as a baseline. (C) Gene induction of Boort isolate infected neuronal cells using WNVKUN isolates (except NSW2012) infected cells as a baseline. (D) Gene induction of NSW2012 isolate infected neuronal cells with WNVKUN isolates (except Boort) infected cells as a baseline. The B-Y adjusted probability is show on the vertical axis and fold induction is shown along the horizontal axis.
Fundamental Symmetries of the extended Spacetime
Creators: name: Lecian, O. M.
name: Montani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of Fourier duality and Stone-von Neumann theorem, we will examine polymer-quantization techniques and modified uncertainty relations as possible 1-extraD compactification schemes for a phenomenological truncation of the extraD tower.
description: 4 pages, to appear in Proceedings of the II Stueckelberg Workshop - Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
Exploring Supermassive Black Hole Growth with ALMA
Creators: name: Kawakatu, Nozomu
name: Andreani, Paola
name: Granato, Gian Luigi
name: Danese, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive tori with $\approx 10^{8-9}M_{\odot}$ are predicted to extend on $\sim $100 pc scale around the centre of elliptical galaxy progenitors by a model of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth coeval to the spheroidal population of the host galaxy. Direct detection of such massive tori would cast light on a key physical condition that allows the rapid growth of SMBHs and the appearance of QSOs at high redshift. For this reason, we examine the detectability of such structures at substantial redshift with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). We propose that submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) are the best targets to test our predictions. In order to assess the observational feasibility, we estimate the expected number counts of SMGs with massive tori and check the detectability with the ALMA instrument, the unique facility which can resolve the central region of high redshift objects. Our work shows that ALMA will be able to resolve and detect high-$J$ ($J >$ 4) CO emissions from $\sim$100 pc scale extended massive tori up to $z\approx2$. Observations of lensed SMGs will yield excellent spatial resolution, allowing even to resolve their massive tori at higher redshift. We discuss further the detectability of the HCN molecule, as a better tracer of the high density gas expected in such tori. The final goal of these kind of observations is to pinpoint possible physical mechanisms that storage in the very central galactic regions very large amount gas on timescale of several 10$^{8}$ yr.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Axial anomaly: the modern status
Creators: name: Ioffe, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modern status of the problem of axial anomaly in QED and QCD is reviewed. Two methods of the derivation of the axial anomaly are presented: 1) by splitting of coordinates in the expression for the axial current and 2) by calculation of triangle diagrams, where the anomaly arises from the surface terms in momentum space. It is demonstrated, that the equivalent formulation of the anomaly can be given, as a sum rule for the structure function in dispersion representation of three point function of AVV interaction. It is argued, that such integral representation of the anomaly has some advantages in the case of description of the anomaly by contribution of hadronic states in QCD. The validity of the t'Hooft consistency condition is discussed. Few examples of the physical application of the axial anomaly are given.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, to be published in International Journal of Modern Physics A, few minor correction were done, two references were added