cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observational Signatures of Coronal Loop Heating and Cooling Driven by Footpoint Shuffling
Creators: name: Dahlburg, R. B.
name: Einaudi, G.
name: Taylor, B. D.
name: Ugarte-Urra, I.
name: Warren, H. P.
name: Rappazzo, A. F.
name: Velli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of a coronal loop is studied by means of numerical simulations of the fully compressible three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations using the HYPERION code. The footpoints of the loop magnetic field are advected by random motions. As a consequence the magnetic field in the loop is energized and develops turbulent nonlinear dynamics characterized by the continuous formation and dissipation of field-aligned current sheets: energy is deposited at small scales where heating occurs. Dissipation is non-uniformly distributed so that only a fraction of the coronal mass and volume gets heated at any time. Temperature and density are highly structured at scales which, in the solar corona, remain observationally unresolved: the plasma of our simulated loop is multi-thermal, where highly dynamical hotter and cooler plasma strands are scattered throughout the loop at sub-observational scales. Numerical simulations of coronal loops of 50000 km length and axial magnetic field intensities ranging from 0.01 to 0.04 Tesla are presented. To connect these simulations to observations we use the computed number densities and temperatures to synthesize the intensities expected in emission lines typically observed with the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode. These intensities are used to compute differential emission measure distributions using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain code, which are very similar to those derived from observations of solar active regions. We conclude that coronal heating is found to be strongly intermittent in space and time, with only small portions of the coronal loop being heated: in fact, at any given time, most of the corona is cooling down.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, ApJ (in press)
Quantum Diagrammatic Theory of the Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Graphene
Creators: name: Milletari, Mirco
name: Ferreira, Aires
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rigorous microscopic theory of the extrinsic spin Hall effect in disordered graphene based on a nonperturbative quantum diagrammatic treatment incorporating skew scattering and anomalous---impurity concentration-independent---quantum corrections on equal footing. The leading skew scattering contribution to the spin Hall conductivity is shown to quantitatively agree with Boltzmann transport theory over a wide range of parameters. Our self-consistent approach---where all topologically equivalent noncrossing diagrams are resummed---unveils that the skewness generated by spin--orbit-active impurities deeply influences the anomalous component of the spin Hall conductivity, even in the weak scattering regime. This seemingly counterintuitive result is explained by the rich sublattice structure of scattering potentials in graphene, for which traditional Gaussian disorder approximations fail to capture the intricate correlations between skew scattering and side jumps generated through diffusion. Finally, we assess the role of quantum interference corrections by evaluating an important subclass of crossing diagrams recently considered in the context of the anomalous Hall effect, the $X$ and $Ψ$ diagrams [Ado et al., EPL 111, 37004 (2015)]. We show that $Ψ$ diagrams---encoding quantum coherent skew scattering---display a strong Fermi energy dependence, dominating the anomalous spin Hall component away from the Dirac point. Our findings have direct implications for nonlocal transport experiments in spin--orbit-coupled graphene systems.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
NACIR: An European Initiative Dedicated to Cooperation with Mediterranean Partner Countries in the Field of Photovoltaic Concentration
Creators: name: Sala, G.
name: Pachón, D.
name: Leloux, J.
name: Victoria Pérez, M.
name: Bett, A.W.
name: Banda Rueda, P.
name: Gombert, A.
name: Díaz, V.
name: Vázquez, M.A.
name: El Moussaoui, A.
name: Abulfotuh, F.A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 819-822
description: In the framework of the NACIR project, the most advanced European Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV)
technologies are being installed in Morocco and Egypt. Concentrix Solar is installing in Egypt a 25 kWp stand-alone
CPV system to be used for water pumping and irrigation purposes. For this project Fraunhofer-ISE is developing a
specifically improved power conditioning and control system. ISOFOTON is installing a grid-connected 25 kWp CPV
station in Morocco. ISFOC is defining methods and proposing standards for testing concentrator systems and is creating
an experimental CPV database joining the performance data of the current CPV stations in Puertollano and Almoguera
(Spain) with the new ones in Egypt and Morocco. Besides some technological advances will be envisaged: The
development of second generation modules, at ISOFOTON and Concentrix Solar with scientific cooperation of
Fraunhofer-ISE and UPM and the development of a new patented CPV technology up to module prototype status by
UPM.
Phosphorus Sputtered Laser Doped Emitters
Creators: name: Eisele, S.
name: Ametowobla, M.
name: Bilger, G.
name: Köhler, J.R.
name: Werner, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1737-1739
description: The ipe laser doping process allows for the fabrication of emitters of silicon solar cells via liquid state diffusion of predeposited dopant layers. We have demonstrated that laser doping of sputtered phosphorus precursors results in homogeneous emitters with adjustable sheet resistances from s = 15 Ω/ to 250 Ω/. In this work, the focus lies on the characterization of emitters fabricated with sputtered doping precursors with respect to emitter optimization and understanding the influence of deposition and laser parameters. The calculated open circuit voltage limit Voc,limit > 670 mV, derived from lifetime measurements, shows a high potential for an industrial application.
Core-collapse, evaporation and tidal effects: the life story of a self-interacting dark matter subhalo
Creators: name: Zeng, Zhichao Carton
name: Peter, Annika H. G.
name: Du, Xiaolong
name: Benson, Andrew
name: Kim, Stacy
name: Jiang, Fangzhou
name: Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) cosmologies admit an enormous diversity of dark matter (DM) halo density profiles, from low-density cores to high-density core-collapsed cusps. The possibility of the growth of high central density in low-mass halos, accelerated if halos are subhalos of larger systems, has intriguing consequences for small-halo searches with substructure lensing. However, following the evolution of $\lesssim 10^8 M_\odot$ subhalos in lens-mass systems ($\sim 10^{13}M_\odot$) is computationally expensive with traditional N-body simulations. In this work, we develop a new hybrid semi-analytical + N-body method to study the evolution of SIDM subhalos with high fidelity, from core formation to core-collapse, in staged simulations. Our method works best for small subhalos ($\lesssim 1/1000$ host mass), for which the error caused by dynamical friction is minimal. We are able to capture the evaporation of subhalo particles by interactions with host halo particles, an effect that has not yet been fully explored in the context of subhalo core-collapse. We find three main processes drive subhalo evolution: subhalo internal heat outflow, host-subhalo evaporation, and tidal effects. The subhalo central density grows only when the heat outflow outweighs the energy gain from evaporation and tidal heating. Thus, evaporation delays or even disrupts subhalo core-collapse. We map out the parameter space for subhalos to core-collapse, finding that it is nearly impossible to drive core-collapse in subhalos in SIDM models with constant cross sections. Any discovery of ultra-compact dark substructures with future substructure lensing observations favors additional degrees of freedom, such as velocity-dependence, in the cross section.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, 2 animations. Matched published version
Rare-Earth Doped Fluorozirconate-Based Glass Ceramics for High Efficiency Solar Cells: Recent Developments
Creators: name: Schweizer, S.
name: Henke, B.
name: Császár, I.
name: Paßlick, C.
name: Ahrens, B.
name: Miclea, P.-T.
name: Johnson, J.A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 47-51
description: Transparent, rare-earth doped fluorozirconate-based glasses and glass ceramics are attractive systems as
up- and down-converters to increase solar cell efficiency. For up-conversion applications, erbium-doped fluorozironate
glasses have been investigated. 2-dimensional intensity mapping of the up-converted fluorescence yielded information
on the homogeneity of the glass sample and the erbium distribution therein. Depth scan experiments
showed that the focus position of the excitation laser beam plays a crucial role since saturation of the 2-photon upconversion
occurs for high excitation power. For down-conversion applications, the efficiency of a silicon solar cell
could be significantly increased in the ultraviolet spectral range by placing a europium-doped glass ceramic on top.
High transparency is a key issue here to avoid scattering losses and to obtain high light output. Transmission spectra
of fluorozirconate glasses, which were additionally doped with chlorine ions to initiate the growth of BaCl2 nanoparticles
therein upon thermal annealing, show that the absorbance in the visible spectral range depends significantly on
the annealing conditions.
How Lyman Alpha Emission Depends On Galaxy Stellar Mass
Creators: name: Oyarzún, Grecco A.
name: Blanc, Guillermo A.
name: González, Valentino
name: Mateo, Mario
name: Bailey, John I.
name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Lira, Paulina
name: Crane, Jeffrey D.
name: Olszewski, Edward W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we show how the stellar mass (M) of galaxies affects the 3
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Microscale Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells for Concentration: A Path to 30% Efficiency -  Theoretical Evaluation and First Experimental Results
Creators: name: Paire, M.
name: Lombez, L.
name: Péré-Laperne, N.
name: Collin, S.
name: Pelouard, J.-L.
name: Guillemoles, J.-F.
name: Lincot, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2872-2876
description: We propose an evaluation of microscale Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells under concentrated sunlight.
Our goal is to estimate the gain, in terms of increased efficiency, associated with the use of concentration and the
reduced cell’s size. We develop an analytical and quantitative model based on the analysis of the spread sheet
resistance in the window layer. We determine the repartition of the electric potential on the cell surface and deduce
current-voltage curves for given input parameters. Based on this model, the behaviour of microscale cells is predicted
for various sizes and concentration ratios. The efficiency, Voc, Jsc are evaluated, and the optimum operating are
determined. Then, we present the first experimental results on microscale CIGS solar cells. Cells with diameter
varying from 5 to 500 μm were prepared and their performances under concentrated illumination are presented. High
current densities are measured under laser illumination, a Jsc of 14.8 A/cm² was measured on a microcell of 15μm
diameter with very limited resistive losses. A record Voc of 881mV was obtained on a CIGS microcell of diameter
25μm under monochromatic illumination.
Creating quantum correlations in generalized entanglement swapping
Creators: name: Bej, Pratapaditya
name: Ghosal, Arkaprabha
name: Roy, Arup
name: Mal, Shiladitya
name: Das, Debarshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how different types of quantum correlations can be established as the consequence of a generalized entanglement swapping protocol where starting from two Bell pairs (1, 2) and (3, 4), a general quantum measurement (denoted by a positive operator-valued measure or POVM) is performed on the pair (2, 3), which results in creating quantum correlation in (1, 4) shared between two spatially separated observers. Contingent upon using different kinds of POVMs, we show generation or destruction of different quantum correlations in the pairs (1, 4), (1, 2) and (3, 4). This thus reflects non-trivial transfer of quantum correlations from the pairs (1, 2) and (3, 4) to the pair (1, 4). As an offshoot, this study provides an operational tool to generate different types of single parameter families of quantum correlated states (for example, entangled but not EPR steerable, or EPR steerable but not Bell nonlocal, or Bell nonlocal) by choosing different quantum measurements in the basic entanglement swapping setup. We further extend our study by taking mixed initial states shared by the pairs (1,2) and (3,4). Finally, we study network nonlocality in our scenario. Here, we find out appropriate POVM measurement for which the generated correlation demonstrates/does not demonstrate network nonlocality for the whole range of the measurement parameter.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review A, Close to final version
2D-Network Simulation and Modelling of CIGS Modules
Creators: name: Mack, P.
name: Ott, T.
name: Schwäble, F.
name: Runai, F.
name: Walter, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2877-2880
description: Local defects and inhomogeneities in thin film CIGS modules can limit the photovoltaic performance and
consequently the production yield. Optimization requires an understanding of the impact of local defects on the module
performance and makes measurement techniques necessary for the detection of embedded defects. This contribution uses 2Dnetwork
simulation as approach to simulate the impact of local defects and inhomogeneities on the module performance and
on imaging techniques such as electroluminescence, thermography and photoluminescence.
Environmental Aspects in Thin-Film PV Module Production and Product Lifetime
Creators: name: Fthenakis, V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2698-2703
description: Thin-film photovoltaics enjoyed a large growth recently, leading the industry in lowering the costs
of production that is aimed at reaching in parity with electricity from the grid. This achievement holds great
promise for the future. However, questions remain about possible resource- and environmental-impact constraints
to future growth. I examined the potential of thin-film PV in a prospective life-cycle analysis, focusing on direct
costs, resource availability, and environmental impacts. I highlight concerns and provide answers on the
availability of Te and In for CdTe and CIGS PV, about Cd emissions in CdTe- and CIGS-life cycles, and NF3
emissions in a-Si/nc-Si PV life cycles.
SGD-X: A Benchmark for Robust Generalization in Schema-Guided Dialogue Systems
Creators: name: Lee, Harrison
name: Gupta, Raghav
name: Rastogi, Abhinav
name: Cao, Yuan
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Wu, Yonghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Zero/few-shot transfer to unseen services is a critical challenge in task-oriented dialogue research. The Schema-Guided Dialogue (SGD) dataset introduced a paradigm for enabling models to support any service in zero-shot through schemas, which describe service APIs to models in natural language. We explore the robustness of dialogue systems to linguistic variations in schemas by designing SGD-X - a benchmark extending SGD with semantically similar yet stylistically diverse variants for every schema. We observe that two top state tracking models fail to generalize well across schema variants, measured by joint goal accuracy and a novel metric for measuring schema sensitivity. Additionally, we present a simple model-agnostic data augmentation method to improve schema robustness.
description: AAAI 2022
Behind (Back Enhanced Heterostructure With Interdigitated Contact) Solar Cell
Creators: name: Tucci, M.
name: Serenelli, L.
name: Salza, E.
name: Pirozzi, L.
name: De Cesare, G.
name: Caputo, D.
name: Ceccarelli, M.
name: Martufi, P.
name: De Iuliis, S.
name: Geerligs, L.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1749-1752
description: In this paper we investigate in detail how the heterostructure concept can be implemented in an interdigitated back contact solar cell, in which both the emitters are formed on the back side of the c-Si wafer by amorphous/crystalline silicon heterostructure, and at the same time the grid-less front surface is passivated by a double layer of amorphous silicon and silicon nitride, which also provides an anti-reflection coating. The entire process, held at temperature below 300 °C, is photolithography-free, using a metallic self-aligned mask to create the interdigitated pattern. An open-circuit voltage of 695 mV has been measured on this device fabricated. The maskassisted deposition process does not influence the uniformity of the deposited amorphous silicon layers. Several
technological aspects that limit the fill factor are considered and discussed.
Accelerated Weathering Testing to Predict the Environmental Durability of Organic PV Systems
Creators: name: Haillant, O.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3952-3959
description: Although polymer and organic photovoltaic modules represent an promising alternative to technologies
based on inorganic semiconductors in terms of versatility and cost, reliable methods to test and improve their long term
stability in end-use environments still need to be developed. To be compatible with product development cycles and
time-to-market constraints, the testing should provide data quickly enough to allow for changes in the formulation and/or
design. Over the last decades, various established large–scale industries have been refining approaches to estimate the
service life of polymer-based materials and products. State-of-the-art methodologies rely on outdoor and laboratory
accelerated aging techniques that combine factors of stress in a similar way as seen in the end-use environment, though at
increased levels. However, testing procedures developed by the organic electronics industry in general and OPV in
particular do not systematically apply the basic principles of accelerated testing that would ensure the reproduction of the
failure modes seen in real life. This paper takes a close look at the crucial components of a comprehensive test program
aimed at estimating the long-term durability of OPV products.
End-to-end Lip-reading: A Preliminary Study
Creators: name: Thapa, Kamal
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2023

description: Deep lip-reading is the combination of the domains of computer vision and natural language processing. It uses deep neural networks to extract speech from silent videos. Most works in lip-reading use a multi staged training approach due to the complex nature of the task. A single stage, end-to-end, unified training approach, which is an ideal of machine learning, is also the goal in lip-reading. However, pure end-to-end systems have not yet been able to perform as good as non-end-to-end systems. Some exceptions to this are the very recent Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) based architectures. This work lays out preliminary study of deep lip-reading, with a special focus on various end-to-end approaches. The research aims to test whether a purely end-to-end approach is justifiable for a task as complex as deep lip-reading. To achieve this, the meaning of pure end-to-end is first defined and several lip-reading systems that follow the definition are analysed. The system that most closely matches the definition is then adapted for pure end-to-end experiments. Four main contributions have been made: i) An analysis of 9 different end-to-end deep lip-reading systems, ii) Creation and public release of a pipeline1 to adapt sentence level Lipreading Sentences in the Wild 3 (LRS3) dataset into word level, iii) Pure end-to-end training of a TCN based network and evaluation on LRS3 word-level dataset as a proof of concept, iv) a public online portal2 to analyse visemes and experiment live end-to-end lip-reading inference. The study is able to verify that pure end-to-end is a sensible approach and an achievable goal for deep machine lip-reading.
Quantum Computational Quantification of Protein-Ligand Interactions
Creators: name: Kirsopp, Josh John Mellor
name: Di Paola, Cono
name: Manrique, David Zsolt
name: Krompiec, Michal
name: Greene-Diniz, Gabriel
name: Guba, Wolfgang
name: Meyder, Agnes
name: Wolf, Detlef
name: Strahm, Martin
name: Ramo, David Muñoz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have demonstrated a prototypical hybrid classical and quantum computational workflow for the quantification of protein-ligand interactions. The workflow combines the Density Matrix Embedding Theory (DMET) embedding procedure with the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) approach for finding molecular electronic ground states. A series of $β$-secretase (BACE1) inhibitors is rank-ordered using binding energy differences calculated on the latest superconducting transmon (IBM) and trapped-ion (Honeywell) Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. This is the first application of real quantum computers to the calculation of protein-ligand binding energies. The results shed light on hardware and software requirements which would enable the application of NISQ algorithms in drug design.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Reproducing size distributions of swarms of barchan dunes on Mars and Earth using a mean-field model
Creators: name: Robson, Dominic T
name: Annibale, Alessia
name: Baas, Andreas CW
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We apply a mean-field model of interactions between migrating barchan dunes, the CAFE model, which includes spontaneous calving, aggregation, fragmentation, and mass-exchange, yielding a steady-state size distribution that can be resolved for different choices of interaction parameters. The CAFE model is applied to empirically measured distributions of dune sizes in two barchan swarms in the north circumpolar region of Mars, three swarms in Morocco, and one in Mauritania, each containing more than 1000 bedforms. When the sizes of bedforms are rescaled by the mean size in each zone two attractor states appear, with the Tarfaya zones all displaying a common distribution and the Martian and Mauritanian zones sharing a different distribution. Comparison of these attractor states with the outputs of the CAFE model reveals that the Tarfaya-type distribution results from a preference for aggregation and fragmentation interactions whereas the Mars-Mauritania distribution is more likely a result of exchange-dominated interactions. We observe that there appears to be a greater number of collisions happening in Tarfaya than in the other areas which is consistent with a greater rate of aggregation-fragmentation processes as suggested by our model. Our comparison with the CAFE model also predicts a universal rule for the outputs of the different types of interactions with exchange interactions favouring the production of two dunes roughly equal in size. Fragmentation interactions often result in three bedforms with volumes approximately in the ratio 1:1:2. Finally, we find that spontaneous calving of dunes does not play an important role in shaping the size distributions in barchan swarms.
description: 31 Pages, 11 figures, Published in Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications (2022)
Theory of the in-plane photoelectric effect in two-dimensional electron systems
Creators: name: Mikhailov, S. A.
name: Michailow, W.
name: Beere, H. E.
name: Ritchie, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new photoelectric phenomenon, the in-plane photoelectric (IPPE) effect, has been recently discovered at terahertz (THz) frequencies in a GaAs/Al$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$As heterostructure with a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas (W. Michailow et al., Sci. Adv. \textbf{8}, eabi8398 (2022)). In contrast to the conventional PE phenomena, the IPPE effect is observed at normal incidence of radiation, the height of the in-plane potential step, which electrons overcome after absorption of a THz photon, is electrically tunable by gate voltages, and the effect is maximal at a negative electron ``work function'', when the Fermi energy lies above the potential barrier. Based on the discovered phenomenon, efficient detection of THz radiation has been demonstrated. In this work we present a detailed theory of the IPPE effect providing analytical results for the THz wave generated photocurrent, the quantum efficiency, and the internal responsivity of the detector, in dependence on the frequency, the gate voltages, and the geometrical parameters of the detector. The calculations are performed for macroscopically wide samples at zero temperature. Results of the theory are applicable to any semiconductor systems with 2D electron gases, including III-V structures, silicon-based field effect transistors, and the novel 2D layered, graphene-related materials.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication version
Heisenberg treatment of multiphoton pulses in waveguide QED with time-delayed feedback
Creators: name: Barkemeyer, Kisa
name: Knorr, Andreas
name: Carmele, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of waveguide-QED systems involving coherent time-delayed feedback give rise to a hierarchy of multi-time correlations within the Heisenberg picture due to the induced non-Markovianity. We propose to perform a projection onto a complete set of states in the Hilbert space to decompose the multi-time correlations into single-time matrix elements. To illustrate the procedure, we consider the paradigmatic example of a two-level system that couples to a semi-infinite waveguide and interacts with quantum light pulses. Our approach complements the range of available methods as it allows calculating the dynamics under the inclusion of additional dissipation channels in a numerically exact and efficient manner for multiphoton pulses of arbitrary shape where memory requirements are known in advance.
Sub-kpc star-formation law in the local luminous infrared galaxy IC 4687 as seen by ALMA
Creators: name: Pereira-Santaella, M.
name: Colina, L.
name: García-Burillo, S.
name: Planesas, P.
name: Usero, A.
name: Alonso-Herrero, A.
name: Arribas, S.
name: Cazzoli, S.
name: Emonts, B.
name: López, J. Piqueras
name: Villar-Martín, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the spatially resolved (250 pc scales) and integrated star-formation (SF) law in the local luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) IC4687. This is one of the first studies of the SF law on a starburst LIRG at these small spatial scales. We combined new interferometric ALMA CO(2-1) data with existing HST/NICMOS Pa$α$ narrow-band imaging and VLT/SINFONI near-IR integral field spectroscopy to obtain accurate extinction corrected SF rate (SFR) and cold molecular gas surface densities ($Σ_{gas}$ and $Σ_{SFR}$). We find that IC4687 forms stars very efficiently with an average depletion time ($t_{dep}$) of 160 Myr for the individual 250 pc regions. This is approximately one order of magnitude shorter than the $t_{dep}$ of local normal spirals and also shorter than that of main-sequence high-z objects, even when we use a Galactic $α_{CO}$ conversion factor. This result suggests a bimodal SF law in the $Σ_{SFR} \propto Σ_{gas}^{N}$ representation. A universal SF law is recovered if we normalize the $Σ_{gas}$ by the global dynamical time. However, at the spatial scales studied here, we find that the SF efficiency (or $t_{dep}$) does not depend on the local dynamical time for this object. Therefore, an alternative normalization (e.g., free-fall time) should be found if a universal SF law exists at these scales.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A;10 pages, 9 figures. Fixed typos
A Study of Sol-Gel Deposited Al2O3 Films as Passivating Coatings for Solar Cells Application
Creators: name: Vitanov, P.
name: Loozen, X.
name: Harizanova, A.
name: Ivanova, T.
name: Beaucarne, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1596-1599
description: In the present work, a long-time stability of lifetime is studied. In order to improve it, passivation with Al2O3, (Al2O3)x(TiO2)1-x and stack Al2O3+(Al2O3)x(TiO2)1-x have been experimented. The obtained results are compared with thermally oxidized Si wafers. The studies were performed on different types of Si substrates: Czochralski (CZ) silicon, Float Zone (FZ) Si and multicrystalline Si . A correlation between the effective lifetime values and the surface potential at zero voltage for the corresponding MIS structures was found. The study shows that it is possible to obtain values for surface recombination velocity S lower than 100 cm/s. The Al2O3, (Al2O3)x(TiO2)1-x and stack Al2O3+(Al2O3)x(TiO2)1-x layers show promising properties with respect to surface passivation of p-type Si.
Black hole induced false vacuum decay: The role of greybody factors
Creators: name: Shkerin, Andrey
name: Sibiryakov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study false vacuum decay catalyzed by black holes. We consider a toy two-dimensional model of a scalar field with an unstable potential in the background of a dilaton black hole. A realistic black hole in four dimensions possesses the potential barrier for linear field perturbations. We model this barrier -- the greybody factor -- for spherically-symmetric perturbations in the toy model by adding a coupling between the scalar field and dilaton. We compute analytically the decay rate for the black hole in thermal equilibrium (Hartle-Hawking state) and for the radiating black hole in empty space (Unruh state). Our results show that, contrary to the Hartle-Hawking vacuum, the decay probability of the Unruh vacuum remains exponentially suppressed at all black hole temperatures. We argue that this result holds also in four dimensions.
description: 49 pages, 16 figures, v2: matches published version
Strange Scaling and Temporal Evolution of Finite-Size Fluctuation in Thermal Equilibrium
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Yoshiyuki Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically exhibit strange scaling and temporal evolution of finite-size fluctuation in thermal equilibrium of a simple long-range interacting system. These phenomena are explained from the view point of existence of the Casimirs and their nonexactness in finite-size systems, where the Casimirs are invariants in the Vlasov dynamics describing the long-range systems in the limit of large population. This explanation expects appearance of the reported phenomena in a wide class of isolated long-range systems. The scaling theory is also discussed as an application of the strange scaling.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Shunt Detection With Illuminated Lock-In Thermography on Inline Relevant Time Scales
Creators: name: Seren, S.
name: Kaes, M.
name: Hahn, G.
name: Nagel, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1746-1748
description: The focus of this paper is on the fast spatially resolved detection of conversion efficiency limiting shunts in solar cells. These shunt producing defects can originate either from the wafer material itself or can be formed during solar cell processing. Such heat dissipating defects can be detected easily using the Lock-In Thermography technique. By improving the thermal resolution by means of lowering the Lock-In frequency the measurement time can be reduced significantly. Such fast illuminated Lock-In Thermography (iLIT) measurements allow the detection of local shunts spatially resolved within a measurement time of only one second.
For different shunting mechanisms such as material induced defects as well as processing induced shunts fast iLIT measurements are presented and demonstrate that the considered shunting types can be reliably detected within a time interval relevant for inline characterisation.
Thermal Simulation and Experimental Identification of Electro-Thermal Model Parameters for a Point-Focus Concentrating Photovoltaic Module
Creators: name: Timò, G.
name: Minuto, A.
name: Groppelli, P.
name: Malvisi, E.
name: Smekens, G.
name: Noack, M.
name: Sturm, M.
name: Khalaidovski, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 790-794
description: An identification procedure of electro-thermal model parameters, that are necessary for 3D thermal modelling of
point-focus concentrating photovoltaic modules, has been implemented. The 3D thermal simulation, carried out by
FEM-based software Comsol Multiphysics, needs, in fact, the correct definitions of the thermal conductivities and of
the thermal capacities for all the materials constituting the module; these quantities, for an accurate thermal
simulation, cannot be obtained only from literature but it is necessary their experimental determination. A theoretical
and experimental procedure for the thermal characterization of a lumped parameters model has been then specified,
allowing the estimate of the thermal unknown parameters and the validation of the simulations that are successively
carried out by Comsol 3D model. Comsol has been used to simulate the module 3D thermal behaviour and in
particular the working temperature of the solar cells operating in dark conditions under current polarisation.
Power Generation and Energy Yield Using DoubleSun® Photovoltaic Solar Concentration
Creators: name: Dos Reis, F.
name: Corregidor, V.
name: Brito, M.C.
name: Rodrigues, R.
name: Wemans, J.
name: Sorasio, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 803-806
description: DoubleSun® technology is a V-trough concentration system that makes use of commercial photovoltaic
monocrystalline silicon modules. The system integrates a 2-axes tracking system and increases the amount of
radiation falling upon the modules by using two flat mirrors. The purpose of the present work is to demonstrate the
power and energy increase of commercial modules when integrated in a V-trough system as to a fixed flat-panel
system. A theoretical model was developed to estimate such improvement. This model was validated by on-field data,
which was acquired during an experimental campaign performed from June to August and also during November of
2008 in WS Energia laboratory, Portugal. DoubleSun® technology, with 1.9x concentration, showed an increase of
50% on the DC power of commercial modules at solar noon.
Ideality Factor Extraction from Photoluminescence Images
Creators: name: Stoicescu, L.
name: Gläser, G.C.
name: Reuter, M.
name: Rau, U.
name: Werner, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 29-32
description: This paper proposes and examines a novel method to extract the spatially resolved local ideality factor
from photoluminescence images. The method is based on the definition that the ideality factor n describes the injection
dependence of the recombination. A correlation with a standard deviation of 0.04 between the mean of the local ideality
factor and the global ideality factor determined from current/voltage measurements on homogeneous cells verifies the
applicability of our method. Ideality images finally reveal that edges and scratches lead to increased ideality factors. The
proposed method needs no special calibration and shares all the advantages of photoluminescence measurements like its
applicability during all processing steps beginning with the raw wafer.
Positron Position Operators. I. A Natural Option
Creators: name: Tumulka, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By ``position operators,'' I mean here a POVM (positive-operator-valued measure) on a suitable configuration space acting on a suitable Hilbert space that serves as defining the position observable of a quantum theory, and by ``positron position operators,'' I mean a joint treatment of positrons and electrons. I consider the standard free second-quantized Dirac field in Minkowski space-time or in a box. On the associated Fock space (i.e., the tensor product of the positron Fock space and the electron Fock space), there acts an obvious POVM P_obv, but I propose a different one that I call the natural POVM, P_nat. In fact, it is a PVM (projection-valued measure); it captures the sense of locality corresponding to the field operators Psi_s(x) and to the algebra of local observables. The existence of P_nat depends on a mathematical conjecture which at present I can neither prove nor disprove; here I explore consequences of the conjecture. I put up for consideration the possibility that P_nat, and not P_obv, is the physically correct position observable and defines the Born rule for the joint distribution of electron and positron positions. I describe properties of P_nat, including a strict no-superluminal-signaling property, and how it avoids the Hegerfeldt-Malament no-go theorem. I also point out how to define Bohmian trajectories that fit together with P_nat, and how to generalize P_nat to curved space-time.
description: 34 pages LaTeX, 11 figures, 1 figure file
Multipole-fluctuation pairing mechanism of $d_{x^2-y^2}+ig$ superconductivity in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$
Creators: name: Sheng, Yutao
name: Li, Yu
name: Yang, Yi-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite of many experimental and theoretical efforts, the pairing symmetry of superconductivity in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ remains undecided. The accidentally degenerate $d_{x^2-y^2}+ig$ is consistent with most current experiments and seems to be one of the most probable candidates, but we still lack a satisfactory theoretical mechanism for its appearance. Here we construct a phenomenological model combining realistic electronic band structures and all symmetry-allowed multipole fluctuations as potential pairing glues, and make a systematic survey of major pairing states within the Eliashberg framework. Our calculations show that $d_{x^2-y^2}+ig$ can arise naturally from the interplay of antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, and electric multipole fluctuations whose coexistence is manifested in previous experiments and calculations. Our work provides a physically reasonable basis supporting the possibility of $d_{x^2-y^2}+ig$ pairing in superconducting Sr$_2$RuO$_4$.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Hallucinations and Trauma in one’s Childhood, Adulthood and Lifetime: Mapping Prevalence, Probability, and Phenomenology in Clinical and Nonclinical Populations
Creators: name: Melvin, Katie
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Chapter One: Systematic Review Background: It is well documented that childhood trauma increases hallucination risk, but less is understood about adulthood trauma (AT). Aim: To systematically review and critically appraise research on hallucinations reported by AT survivors and identify the AT they survived. Method: Four databases (CINHAL, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO) were searched. After selecting studies, an integrated mixed methods synthesis was used. Results: Fourteen observational studies with 12,647 participants were included. Adulthood traumas included experiencing abuse, war and persecution, natural disaster and being held hostage. Hallucination experiences varied in modality, trauma-relatedness, and temporal qualities. Discussion: Implications include integrating lifespan and trauma-informed perspectives into research and healthcare. Evidence is constrained by retrospective designs and samples biased towards white and male participants. Chapter Two: Empirical Study Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of current hallucinations and prior abuse, and the statistical relationships between these, at routine early intervention in psychosis service (EIPS) assessments. Methods: Using a secondary data analysis design, an anonymised chart review dataset (n=134 adults) was analysed to explore prevalence and probabilities. Results: Historical abuse was reported during 76% of assessments. Prevalence of childhood physical and sexual abuse were aligned with ‘psychosis’ meta-analyses. A higher odds-ratio of concurrent hallucinations was observed for abuse survivors, than people who did not disclose abuse; this odds ratio varied by abuse subtype, life-stage during abuse exposure, and hallucination modality studied. Conclusions: A nuanced relationship between historical abuse exposure and concurrent hallucinations was observable at routine EIPS assessments. Existing evidence on hallucinations and abuse were relevant to routine care.
Improving Up-Conversion with PBS Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Pan, A.C.
name: Del Cañizo, C.
name: Luque, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 57-59
description: This paper evaluates the enhancement of the up-conversion phenomena by combining rare-earth doped
phosphors with PbS quantum dots (QDs). We present results on the characterization of two different ways of
adhering the up-converter with this fluorescent material to bifacial solar cells: by dissolving the powder in a spin-on
oxide and by dissolving it in a silicone gel. The improvement in photocurrent detected for both the oxide and silicone
alternatives when including the QDs is 60% better than without them. It is shown that the absorption and emission
characteristics of the PbS QDs embedded in oxide and silicone can be tuned into to the desired spectral region.
WDVV equations: Hamiltonian operators and symbolic computations
Creators: name: Vašíček, Jakub
name: Vitolo, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K10, 53D45, 68W30

description: We describe software for symbolic computations that we developed in order to find Hamiltonian operators for Witten--Dijkgraaf--Verlinde--Verlinde (WDVV) equations, and verify their compatibility. The computation involves nonlocal (integro-differential) operators, for which specific canonical forms and algorithms have been used.
description: 20 pages, no figures