cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Crosslinker mobility weakens transient polymer networks
Creators: name: Mulla, Yuval
name: Koenderink, Gijsje H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transient networks comprised of polymers connected by short-lived bonds are a common design theme for both biological and synthetic materials. Transient bonds can provide mechanical rigidity, while still allowing for visco-elastic flows on timescales longer than the bond lifetime. In many biological polymer networks such as the actin cytoskeleton, the short-lived bonds are formed by accessory proteins that diffuse away after unbinding. By contrast, bonds in synthetic networks, such as the pendant groups of telechelic polymers, can only rebind in the same location. Using a recently developed theoretical model of the fracturing of visco-elastic materials, we here investigate the effect of linker mobility on the bond dynamics of a network under stress. We find that although mean field properties such as the average bond linker lifetime are barely affected by bond mobility, networks cross linked by mobile bonds fracture more readily due to 'leaking' of linkers from crack areas to less stressed regions within the network. We propose a theoretical model to describe the redistribution of mobile linkers, which we validate by simulations. Our work offers insight into a potential trade-off that cells face, between fracture strength versus the modularity and tight dynamic control offered by mobile linkers.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Large spin-mixing conductance in highly Bi-doped Cu thin films
Creators: name: Ruiz-Gómez, Sandra
name: Serrano, Aída
name: Guerrero, Rubén
name: Muñoz, Manuel
name: Lucas, Irene
name: Foerster, Michael
name: Aballe, Lucia
name: Marco, José F.
name: Amado, Mario
name: McKenzie-Sell, Lauren
name: di Bernardo, Angelo
name: Robinson, Jason W. A.
name: González-Barrio, Miguel Angel
name: Mascaraque, Arantzazu
name: Pérez, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin Hall effect provides an efficient tool for the conversion of a charge current into a spin current, opening the possibility of producing pure spin currents in non-magnetic materials for the next generation of spintronics devices. In this sense, giant Spin Hall Effect has been recently reported in Cu doped with 0.5 % Bi grown by sputtering and larger values are expected for larger Bi doping, according to first principles calculations. In this work we demonstrate the possibility of doping Cu with up to 10 % of Bi atoms without evidences of Bi surface segregation or cluster formation, as studied by different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. In addition, YIG/BiCu structures have been grown, showing a spin mixing conductance larger that the one shown by similar Pt/YIG structures. These results reflects the potentiality of these new materials in spintronics devices.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Impact of 2D-Graphene on SiN Passivated AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs under Mist Exposure
Creators: name: Romero, M. Fátima
name: Boscá, Alberto
name: Pedrós, Jorge
name: Martínez, Javier
name: Fandan, Rajveer
name: Palacios, Tomás
name: Calle, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of a two dimensional (2D) graphene layer (GL) on top of the silicon nitride (SiN) passivation layer of AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) has been systematically analyzed. Results showed that in the devices without the GL, the maximum drain current density (I_D,max) and the maximum transconductance (g_m,max) decreased gradually as the mist exposure time increased, up to 23% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, the gate lag ratio (GLR) increased around 10% during mist exposure. In contrast, devices with a GL showed a robust behavior and not significant changes in the electrical characteristics in both DC and pulsed conditions. The origin of these behaviors has been discussed and the results pointed to the GL as the key factor for improving the moisture resistance of the SiN passivation layer.
description: Accepted manuscript; 4 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1: of Hazard communication by volcanologists: Part 1 - Framing the case for contextualisation and related quality standards in volcanic hazard assessments
Creators: name: Bretton, Richard
name: Gottsmann, Joachim
name: Ryerson Christie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Glossary of risk governance terminology. (DOCX 24 kb)
Shu: Visualization of high dimensional biological pathways
Creators: name: Muriel, Jorge Carrasco
name: Cowie, Nicholas
name: Mansouvar, Marjan
name: Groves, Teddy
name: Nielsen, Lars Keld
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Summary: Shu is a visualization tool that integrates diverse data types into a metabolic map, with a focus on supporting multiple conditions and visualizing distributions. The goal is to provide a unified platform for handling the growing volume of multi-omics data, leveraging the metabolic maps developed by the metabolic modeling community. Additionally, shu offers a streamlined python API, based on the Grammar of Graphics, for easy integration with data pipelines.
 Availability and implementation: Freely available at https://github.com/biosustain/shu under MIT/Apache 2.0 license. Binaries are available in the release page of the repository and the web app is deployed at https://biosustain.github.io/shu.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, supplementary material at https://github.com/biosustain/shu_case_studies
Design and synthesis of inhibitors for N-myristoyltransferase, a promising treatment for parasitic diseases
Creators: name: Yu, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) is a monomeric enzyme, which is ubiquitous in eukaryotes, catalysing an irreversible co-translational transfer of myristate to a particular set of proteins containing an N-terminal glycine. The work presented in this thesis illustrates the use of synthesised small molecules as a probe to investigate the role of NMT in parasites. Chapter 1 looks at the two parasitic diseases that this project targets: malaria and visceral leishmaniasis, which are caused by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Leishmania donovani (Ld) respectively. Additionally, biological evidence to show that NMT is a promising drug target in these parasites is presented. Chapter 2 describes a piggy-back strategy, which was applied to discover a benzofuran compound with moderate inhibition against PfNMT. This molecule was re-synthesised and then validated as a hit by an optimised scintillant proximity assay. Chapter 3 details the process of drug design based on the inhibition data against PfNMT and structural information of the related enzymes, in which a library of 150 benzofuran analogues was generated. Importantly, the cell inhibition results provided strong evidence to chemically validate NMT as a drug target in P. falciparum, leading to the identification of a lead candidate. Chapter 4 gives the initial structure-activity relationships for LdNMT inhibitors, whereby the whole library of the PfNMT inhibitors was screened against LdNMT. In addition, combined with the parasite inhibition assay, two compounds were determined to be the early lead candidates for LdNMT inhibitors. Chapter 5 provides an overview of the work detailed in this thesis and suggests the future directions that will continue the advancement of this project.
Element Segregation in Low Metallicity Stars and the Primordial Lithium Abundance
Creators: name: Vauclair, Sylvie
name: Charbonnel, Corinne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational constraints on the primordial lithium abundance are important for the evaluation of the baryonic density of the universe. Its precise determination however suffers from uncertainties due to the possible depletion of this element inside the stars. Here we present and discuss new results on the lithium abundances in pop II stars obtained with most recent stellar models including the best available physics. We show that it is possible to account for the general behavior of lithium observed in pop II stars without any free parameters. Macroscopic motions inside the stars are needed but it is not necessary to specify their exact nature to interpret the observational data. This constatation allows to derive a parameter-free value for the lithium primordial abundance : log(Lip) = 2.35 +/- .10 in the log(H) = 12 scale.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Ap.J
Unifying food web structure and dynamics
Creators: name: Hudson, Lawrence Nicholas Thomas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: A major goal of ecology is to discover how the dynamics and structure of multi-trophic ecological communities are related. It is difficult to understand links between dynamics and structure because mathematical models of the dynamics of systems of realistic complexity have a large number of unmeasured parameters, and whole-community data are limited and typically comprise only a snapshot or time-averaged picture. The resulting 'plague of parameters' means most studies of multi-species population dynamics have been very theoretical. Dynamical models parameterised using physiological allometries suggest a solution to the plague of parameters. These models are a synthesis of allometric scaling and Lotka-Volterra style dynamical models (Yodzis & Innes, 1992): model parameters are computed from empirically-observed inter-specific power-law relationships between physiological rates and body masses. This approach avoids the need to derive species- or population-specific parameters, sacrificing some accuracy for generality and making it possible to investigate the dynamics of complex communities. These models have been used in a large number of theoretical studies that have drawn conclusions on a wide range of topics. Despite their increasing use, this class of dynamical models are rarely tested against empirical data. This PhD examined this modelling approach and some of its assumptions. Outcomes of this work are 1) publication of a new dataset of field metabolic rate data of individual birds and mammals together with an analysis of this data using linear mixed-effects models, leading to a better understanding of one of the model's principal assumptions, 2) an open-source R package for analysing and visualising empirical food-web data, 3) an open-source R package for simulating community dynamics using the model of interest and 4) validation of the model's ability to recreate static patterns seen in empirical community data.
Apis acervorum Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Apis
Apis acervorum

description: Apis acervorum [spec. nov.]
A. hirsuta atra. Fn. svec. 1013.
Habitat sub terra.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 579, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Ethernet based Data logger for Gaseous Detectors
Creators: name: Swain, S.
name: Sahu, P. K.
name: Sahu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A data logger is designed to monitor and record ambient parameters such as temperature, pressure and relative humidity along with gas flow rate as a function of time. These parameters are required for understanding the characteristics of gas-filled detectors such as Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and Multi-Wire Proportional Counter (MWPC). The data logger has different microcontrollers and has been interfaced to an ethernet port with a local LCD unit for displaying all measured parameters. In this article, the explanation of the data logger design, hardware, and software description of the master microcontroller and the DAQ system along with LabVIEW interface client program have been presented. We have implemented this device with GEM detector and displayed few preliminary results as a function of above parameters.
Inconsistency of interacting, multi-graviton theories
Creators: name: Boulanger, Nicolas
name: Damour, Thibault
name: Gualtieri, Leonardo
name: Henneaux, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, in any spacetime dimension >=3, the problem of consistent couplings for a finite collection of massless, spin-2 fields described, in the free limit, by a sum of Pauli-Fierz actions. We show that there is no consistent (ghost-free) coupling, with at most two derivatives of the fields, that can mix the various "gravitons". In other words, there are no Yang-Mills-like spin-2 theories. The only possible deformations are given by a sum of individual Einstein-Hilbert actions. The impossibility of cross-couplings subsists in the presence of scalar matter. Our approach is based on the BRST-based deformation point of view and uses results on the so-called "characteristic cohomology" for massless spin-2 fields which are explained in detail.
description: 44+1 pages, no figures. Case of an infinite number of gravitons treated more completely, comparison with work by Aragone and Deser on gravitational coupling of a single massless spin-2 field discussed
Search for the production of dark fermion candidates in association with heavy neutral gauge boson decaying to dimuon in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV using the CMS open data
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Y.
name: Abdallah, H.
name: Hussein, M. T.
name: Elgammal, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This analysis shows a search for dark fermion particles produced in association with a heavy neutral gauge boson (Z$^{\prime}$). The studied events topology are dimuon and a large missing transverse momentum. %We considered the muonic decay of Z$^{\prime}$. The analyzed data were the Open Data collected by the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at the LHC in 2012 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 11.6 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV. One benchmark scenario the light vector was used for interpreting the data, based on a simplified model so called the mono-Z$^{\prime}$ model. No evidence of dark fermion candidates was found, 95$\%$ confidence level limits have been set on both Z$^{\prime}$ and dark fermion masses.
description: Chin. Phys. C 48, no.4,043001 (2024)
Homodyning the $g^{(2)}(0)$ of Gaussian states
Creators: name: Olivares, Stefano
name: Cialdi, Simone
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a method to reconstruct the zero-delay-time second-order correlation function $g^{(2)}(0)$ of Gaussian states using a single homodyne detector. To this purpose, we have found an analytic expression of $g^{(2)}(0)$ for single- and two-mode Gaussian states in terms of the elements of their covariance matrix and the displacement amplitude. In the single-mode case we demonstrate our scheme experimentally, and also show that when the input state is nonclassical, there exist a threshold value of the coherent amplitude, and a range of values of the complex squeezing parameter, above which $g^{(2)}(0) < 1$. For amplitude squeezing and real coherent amplitude, the threshold turns out to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the nonclassicality of the state. Analogous results hold also for two-mode squeezed thermal states.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les domaines de Beaune (XVe siècle), Cart. 177 (11 H 289), 197 folios, f. 0235
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2015
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les domaines de Beaune (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 177 (11 H 289), 197 folios, f. 0235, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions d’Izeure (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 177 (11 H 289), 197 folios, f. 0235, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Additional file 7: of Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy
Creators: name: Gunnell, Katie
name: Longmuir, Patricia
name: Woodruff, Sarah
name: Barnes, Joel
name: Belanger, Kevin
name: Tremblay, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Exploratory models. (DOCX 16 kb)
Low-Energy Scattering of Black Holes and p-branes in String Theory
Creators: name: Khuri, R. R.
name: Myers, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the low-energy dynamics of generalized extremal higher membrane black hole solutions of string theory and higher membrane theories following Manton's prescription for multi-soliton solutions. A flat metric is found for those solutions which possess $κ$-symmetry on the worldvolume.
description: plain TeX, needs harvmac, 6 pages; Talk by RRK to appear in Proceedings of Sixth Canadian Conference on General Relativity and Relativistic Astrophysics; for details see hep-th/9512061
title: The provision and experience of an accredited online programme for English language teacher training
title: an activity systems analysis
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Eshtehardi, Reza
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Activity Theory
Activity Systems
Cambridge CELTA Online
language teacher education
English language teacher training
accredited online programme
contradictions

description: This thesis contributes to the literature on English language teacher
 training. Recent discussion in that literature has emphasised the need to
 move from a narrow focus on skills development towards understanding whole
 training programmes and how their provision prepares teachers for
 contemporary challenges. It has also specifically highlighted the need to
 understand how better to integrate technology use into training
 programmes.

 This thesis presents a case study of an online English language teacher
 training programme. The ‘Cambridge CELTA’ programme is a globally
 recognised English teacher training qualification which has only recently
 started to offer an online version. I use Activity Theory to analyse the
 activity systems of the programme and their contradictions, with a
 specific focus on identifying challenges in the integration of technology
 into language teacher training. Analysis draws on lesson observations,
 document analysis, and interviews with course candidates, tutors and
 managers.

 My findings highlight that the provision and experience of this programme
 are dependent on three closely related activity systems, whose objects are
 credentialised learning, pedagogical support and administrative support.
 My findings map these activity systems and the contradictions within and
 between them. A fourth activity system of executive support, external to
 the organisation providing the programme, also plays a role but can be
 sketched only briefly due to the boundaries of the case. My analysis
 highlights several core contradictions, such as a commodification of
 learning and equal policy resourcing. The analysis highlights how these
 contradictions are generated from within and between the four activity
 systems.

 My thesis contributes to the literature by introducing a new insight of an
 integrative model pedagogy to understand how language teacher training
 programmes intertwine theoretical and practical concerns and also
 proposing a technology in pedagogy proposition which is missing in the
 literature. In response to debates about challenges of integrating
 technology into language teacher training, my thesis concludes by
 contributing an online language teacher training programme framework which
 has been designed based on an analysis of the findings.
Cosmological Constant, Inflaton, and Dark Matter all Naturally Originated from Poincaré Gauge Gravity
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongchao
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a cosmological model in the framework of Poincaré gauge gravity, in which cosmological constant, inflaton, and dark matter candidate all naturally originate. Cosmological constant originates in the process of breaking of the Poincaré symmetries down to the Lorentz symmetries. We select a gauge Lagrangian without any additional matter fields, which can be regarded as a minimum extension of general relativity with two more massive modes from the Lorentz connection. Numerical analysis shows that the scalar dominates a slow-rolling inflation and the pseudo-scalar behaves as a dark matter candidate.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Decays of excited silver cluster anions Ag$_{n}$, $n = 4$ to $7$, in DESIREE
Creators: name: Anderson, E. K.
name: Kamińska, M.
name: Chartkunchand, K. C.
name: Eklund, G.
name: Gatchell, M.
name: Hansen, K.
name: Zettergren, H.
name: Cederquist, H.
name: Schmidt, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous decays of small, hot silver cluster anions Ag$_{n}$, $n=4-7$ have been studied using one of the rings of the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment (DESIREE). Observation of these decays over very long time scales is possible due to the very low residual gas pressure ($\sim10^{-14}$) and cryogenic (13 K) operation of DESIREE. The yield of neutral particles from stored beams of Ag$_{6}$ and Ag$_{7}$ anions were measured for 100 milliseconds and were found to follow single power law behaviour with millisecond time scale exponential cut-offs. The Ag$_{4}$ and Ag$_{5}$ anions were stored for 60 seconds and the observed decays show two-component power law behaviors. We present calculations of the rate constants for electron detachment from, and fragmentation of Ag$_{4}$ and Ag$_{5}$. In these calculations, we assume that the internal energy distribution of the clusters are flat and with this we reproduce the early steep parts of the experimentally measured decay curves for Ag$_{4}$ and Ag$_{5}$, which extends to tens and hundreds of milliseconds, respectively. The fact that the calculations reproduce the early slopes of Ag$_{4}$ and Ag$_{5}$, which differ for the two cases, suggests that it is the changes in fragmentation rates with internal cluster energies of Ag$_{4}$ and Ag$_{5}$ rather than conditions in the ion source that determines this behavior. Comparisons with the measurements strongly suggest that the neutral particles detected in these time domains originate from Ag$_{4} \rightarrow$ Ag$_{3}+$ Ag and Ag$_{5}\rightarrow$ Ag$_{3}+$ Ag$_{2}$ fragmentation processes.
Apis subterranea Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Apis
Apis subterranea

description: Apis subterranea [spec. nov.]
A. hirsuta atra, ano fusco. Fn. svec. 1014.
Habitat sub terra.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 579, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 4 of Genome-wide identification of Tomato Golden 2-Like transcription factors and abiotic stress related members screening
Creators: name: Wang, Zi-yu
name: Zhao, Shuang
name: Liu, Jun-fang
name: Zhao, Hai-yan
name: Sun, Xu-ying
name: Wu, Tai-ru
name: Pei, Tong
name: Wang, Yue
name: Liu, Qi-feng
name: Yang, Huan-huan
name: Zhang, He
name: Jiang, Jing-bin
name: Li, Jing-fu
name: Zhao, Ting-ting
name: Xu, Xiang-yang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4.
Opportunistic Edge Computing: Concepts, Opportunities and Research Challenges
Creators: name: Olaniyan, Richard
name: Fadahunsi, Olamilekan
name: Maheswaran, Muthucumaru
name: Zhani, Mohamed Faten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The growing need for low-latency access to computing resources has motivated the introduction of edge computing, where resources are strategically placed at the access networks. Unfortunately, edge computing infrastructures like fogs and cloudlets have limited scalability and may be prohibitively expensive to install given the vast edge of the Internet. In this paper, we present Opportunistic Edge Computing (OEC), a new computing paradigm that provides a framework to create scalable infrastructures at the edge using end-user contributed resources. One of the goals of OEC is to place resources where there is high demand for them by incentivizing people to share their resources. This paper defines the OEC paradigm and the involved stakeholders and puts forward a management framework to build, manage and monitor scalable edge infrastructures. It also highlights the key differences between the OEC computing models and the existing computing models and shed the light on early works on the topic. The paper also presents preliminary experimental results that highlight the benefits and the limitations of OEC compared to the regular cloud computing deployment and the Fog deployment. It finally summarizes key research directions pertaining to resource management in OEC environments.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, journal paper
Consistency conditions and trace anomalies in six dimensions
Creators: name: Bastianelli, F.
name: Cuoghi, G.
name: Nocetti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformally invariant quantum field theories develop trace anomalies when defined on curved backgrounds. We study again the problem of identifying all possible trace anomalies in d=6 by studying the consistency conditions to derive their 10 independent solutions. It is known that only 4 of these solutions represent true anomalies, classified as one type A anomaly, given by the topological Euler density, and three type B anomalies, made up by three independent Weyl invariants. However, we also present the explicit expressions of the remaining 6 trivial anomalies, namely those that can be obtained by the Weyl variation of local functionals. The knowledge of the latter is in general necessary to disentangle the universal coefficients of the type A and B anomalies from calculations performed on concrete models.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX
Mechanisms maintaining reduced appetite and normoglycaemia after metabolic surgery. The role of bile acids
Creators: name: Pournaras, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Obesity is becoming the healthcare epidemic of this century. Weight loss surgery is the only effective treatment for morbid obesity. Furthermore glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients is improved after metabolic surgery. Here I observed that with gastric bypass, type 2 diabetes can be improved and even rapidly put into a state of remission irrespective of weight loss. This is achieved via an improvement of both insulin resistance and insulin production. Reduced insulin resistance within the first week after surgery remains unexplained, but increased insulin production in the first week after surgery may be explained by the enhanced postprandial GLP-1 response. In addition, I demonstrate that bile flow changes lead to increased gut hormone response in animal models. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in humans causes changes in bile flow leading to increased plasma bile acid concentrations. This phenomenon may explain the improved glycaemic control following gastric bypass. In conclusion I investigated the mechanism of diabetes remission after metabolic surgery and explored the role of gut hormones and bile acids in the changes in glucose homeostasis following metabolic surgery.
Oral history interview with Peter H.L. and Edith Chang, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Generals--China
Mukden Incident, China, 1931

description: The contents of the Peter Chang interview are not in chronological order, and each interview session has a repetitious mix of themes. Chang discusses his relationship with his family, especially with his father who was assassinated in 1928. He covers the history of Manchuria in the early 20th century. He analyzes his relationships with other Chinese generals in the region, and the intentions of Japan, the Western Powers, and the Soviet Union/Russia in the Northeastern part of China from 1900 to 1936. The greatest emphasis is on events of the 1920s and 1930s including the Mukden Incident in 1931. Chang also talks about his relations with other Chinese warlords, the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek, and the Nationalist Party before and after the Xi'an Incident in 1936. Other topics mentioned are his personal, political, philosophical, religious beliefs and education and how these were affected by his trip to Europe as a young man. The interview also covers his later years under house arrest following the Xi'an Incident and how that influenced his writings. Chang speculates on developments in Chinese history at the time of the interview. There is extensive discussion of people surrounding Chiang Kai-shek, Madame Chiang Soong Mayling, other high-ranking Chinese Nationalist officials, and the Generalissimo's son and former president of Taiwan, Chiang Ching-kuo. He discusses his family life and personal habits. He also analyzes the nature of modern Chinese studies in the United States and Columbia University in particular, with some reference to other American institutions of higher learning
Chiral supergravities
Creators: name: Pugh, Tom
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: A large class of dimensional reductions of interesting ultraviolet theories do not give rise to chiral effective theories. As the Standard Model is a chiral theory this represents an obstacle for many phenomenological constructions. The aim of this thesis will be to present a series of constructions and reductions in which chiral theories are produced, with the intention that these may be used as illustrative examples of situations in which the problems associated with chirality in dimensional reductions can be avoided. We will consider the way in which a chiral theory may be generated, in the reduction of an odd-dimensional theory, by focusing on a reduction on the orbifold S1/Z2 . In doing this we will adopt the picture in which the orbifold is viewed as being a manifold with boundaries. Many of the features of these reductions will be demonstrated by analysing seven-dimensional supergravity with six-dimensional boundaries. A critical part of this discussion will center around the cancellation of anomalies which can form on these boundaries. This cancellation will be arranged by coupling certain boundary-localised matter. We will then consider the constraints that arise in allowing a consistent set of boundary-localised matter to be coupled to a given bulk system. We will illustrate this by analysing three-dimensional supergravity on a manifold with two-dimensional boundaries. We will then demonstrate how these constructions may be carried out in an alternative formalism, in which the details become more transparent. We will also explore reductions in which chirality can be preserved, by presenting the reduction of six-dimensional gauged supergravity on a sphere and monopole background. We will show that in this case a bifurcation occurs and a consistent reduction to either a chiral or a non-chiral theory may be carried out.
Additional file 1 of Trajectories of physical activity, from young adulthood to older adulthood, and pancreatic cancer risk; a population-based case-control study in Ontario, Canada
Creators: name: Sandhu, Jaspreet
name: De Rubeis, Vanessa
name: Cotterchio, Michelle
name: Smith, Brendan
name: Griffith, Lauren
name: Brenner, Darren
name: Borgida, Ayelet
name: Gallinger, Steven
name: Cleary, Sean
name: Anderson, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Odds ratio estimates for moderate physical activity levels throughout the life-course among Cases and Controls from Ontario, Canada. Table S2. Odds ratio estimates for vigorous physical activity levels throughout the life-course among Cases and Controls from Ontario, Canada
Additional file 4: of Hazard communication by volcanologists: part 2 - quality standards for volcanic hazard assessments
Creators: name: Bretton, Richard
name: Gottsmann, Joachim
name: Ryerson Christie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Ethical agreement. (DOCX 24 kb)
Processing Natural Language on Embedded Devices: How Well Do Transformer Models Perform?
Creators: name: Sarkar, Souvika
name: Babar, Mohammad Fakhruddin
name: Hassan, Md Mahadi
name: Hasan, Monowar
name: Santu, Shubhra Kanti Karmaker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a performance study of transformer language models under different hardware configurations and accuracy requirements and derives empirical observations about these resource/accuracy trade-offs. In particular, we study how the most commonly used BERT-based language models (viz., BERT, RoBERTa, DistilBERT, and TinyBERT) perform on embedded systems. We tested them on four off-the-shelf embedded platforms (Raspberry Pi, Jetson, UP2, and UDOO) with 2 GB and 4 GB memory (i.e., a total of eight hardware configurations) and four datasets (i.e., HuRIC, GoEmotion, CoNLL, WNUT17) running various NLP tasks. Our study finds that executing complex NLP tasks (such as "sentiment" classification) on embedded systems is feasible even without any GPUs (e.g., Raspberry Pi with 2 GB of RAM). Our findings can help designers understand the deployability and performance of transformer language models, especially those based on BERT architectures.
Physical properties of MgO at deep planetary conditions
Creators: name: Musella, R.
name: Mazevet, S.
name: Guyot, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we calculate the physical properties of MgO at conditions extending from the ones encountered in the Earth mantle up to the ones anticipated in giant planet interiors such as Jupiter. We pay particular attention to the high pressure melting temperature throughout this large density range as this is a key ingredient for building accurate planetary interior models with a realistic description of the inner core. We compare our simulation results with previous ab initio calculations that have been so far limited to the pressure range corresponding to the Earth mantle and the stability of B1-B2 transition around 6 Mbar. We provide our results for both the EOS and high pressure melting curve in parametric forms for direct use in planetary models. Finally, we compare our predictions of the high pressure melting temperature with various interior profiles to deduce the state of differentiated layer within the core made of MgO in various types of planets and exoplanets.
description: 7 figures
Difficulties of Quantitative Tests of the Kerr-Hypothesis with X-Ray Observations of Mass Accreting Black Holes
Creators: name: Krawczynski, Henric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray studies of stellar mass black holes in X-ray binaries and mass-accreting supermassive black holes in Active Galactic Nuclei have achieved a high degree of maturity and have delivered detailed information about the astrophysical sources and the physics of black hole accretion. In this article, I review recent progress made towards using the X-ray observations for testing the "Kerr hypothesis" that the background spacetimes of all astrophysical quasi-stationary black holes are described by the Kerr metric. Although the observations have indeed revealed clear evidence for relativistic effects in strong-field gravity, quantitative tests of the Kerr hypothesis still struggle with theoretical and practical difficulties. In this article, I describe several recently introduced test metrics and review the status of constraining the background spacetimes of mass accreting stellar mass and supermassive black holes with these test metrics. The main conclusion of the discussion is that astrophysical uncertainties are large compared to the rather small observational differences between the Kerr and non-Kerr metrics precluding quantitative constraints on deviations from the Kerr metric at this point in time. I conclude with discussing future progress enabled by more detailed numerical simulations and by future X-ray spectroscopy, timing, polarimetry, and interferometry missions.
description: Review paper from the General Relativity and Gravitation (GRG) Topical Collection "Testing the Kerr spacetime with gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations" (Guest Editor: Emanuele Berti), accepted version, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-018-2419-8
Multivariate multiscale complexity analysis
Creators: name: Ahmed, Mosabber Uddin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Established dynamical complexity analysis measures operate at a single scale and thus fail to quantify inherent long-range correlations in real world data, a key feature of complex systems. They are designed for scalar time series, however, multivariate observations are common in modern real world scenarios and their simultaneous analysis is a prerequisite for the understanding of the underlying signal generating model. To that end, this thesis first introduces a notion of multivariate sample entropy and thus extends the current univariate complexity analysis to the multivariate case. The proposed multivariate multiscale entropy (MMSE) algorithm is shown to be capable of addressing the dynamical complexity of such data directly in the domain where they reside, and at multiple temporal scales, thus making full use of all the available information, both within and across the multiple data channels. Next, the intrinsic multivariate scales of the input data are generated adaptively via the multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) algorithm. This allows for both generating comparable scales from multiple data channels, and for temporal scales of same length as the length of input signal, thus, removing the critical limitation on input data length in current complexity analysis methods. The resulting MEMD-enhanced MMSE method is also shown to be suitable for non-stationary multivariate data analysis owing to the data-driven nature of MEMD algorithm, as non-stationarity is the biggest obstacle for meaningful complexity analysis. This thesis presents a quantum step forward in this area, by introducing robust and physically meaningful complexity estimates of real-world systems, which are typically multivariate, finite in duration, and of noisy and heterogeneous natures. This also allows us to gain better understanding of the complexity of the underlying multivariate model and more degrees of freedom and rigor in the analysis. Simulations on both synthetic and real world multivariate data sets support the analysis.
Experimental Study of Plasma Implosion Dynamics in a Two-Stage Wire Array Z-Pinch Configuration
Creators: name: Khoory, Essa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: This thesis presents results from experiments of a two-stage wire array Z-pinch configuration carried out on the MAGPIE generator ( ~ 1.4MA in ~ 250ns) at Imperial College, London. This configuration preconditions the load wires (heating and expanding wires into columns of gas) before allowing the full current to rapidly switch into the load. The preconditioning effect of cylindrical Al wire array loads of different wire numbers and wire thicknesses were investigated from density analysis of laser interferometry. It was found that thicker wires expand to larger diameters than thinner wires in the preconditioning phase. The 30μm wire expanded to a diameter of 3.7±0.4mm while the 10μm wire expanded to a diameter of 1.6±0.4mm in ~ 170ns after current start. Experiments were also conducted on a single Al wire load of different thicknesses. Again thicker wires expanded to a larger diameter. This uniform column of Al gas on axis showed a high degree of azimuthal symmetry. The fast current switch into the load drives a snowplough implosion with an implosion time of ~ 25-30ns with no apparent development of Rayleigh-Taylor instability. It was observed at stagnation that the expansion the m=1 MHD instability into a helical structure was responsible for the main X-ray pulse. A cylindrical plasma ‘shell’ was formed by preconditioning an array of large wire number and a small inter-wire separation causing the expanding wires to merge before the current switch time. The shell imploded in a 0D manner with no ablation phase and no trailing mass left behind as in standards wire arrays. Implosion of the ‘shell’ was susceptible to R-T instability. Analysis of this instability growth estimated an initial effective perturbation of ~ 1-2μm on the preconditioned wires surface prior to implosion.
Oral history interview with Peter Levine, 1990
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Hemophilia--History.--United States
Hemophilia--Social aspects
Hemophilia--Political aspects
AIDS (Disease)--History.--United States
Blood coagulation factor VIII
Physicians

description: Early medical career in hematology and blood clotting; development of comprehensive hemophilia care center at Tufts New England Medical Center; focus on financial issues and reimbursement by insurers; involvement in NHF, especially in patient education; involvement in leading hemophilia treatment teams to developing countries; involvement in lobbying Massachusetts state legislature for funding for treatment of people with hemophilia; development of federal guidelines for hemophilia treatment centers and a data collection protocol for the centers; relationship between the hemophilia treatment team and the patients; advent of home care for people with hemophilia; existence of two hemophilia "communities" - one of patients and another of hemophilia treatment center staff; phenomena of denial and risk-taking in people with hemophilia; first awareness of AIDS; development of heat treatment of Factor VIII; current work on gene therapy; changing members of hemophilia treatment teams and national and local levels; possibilities of using hemophilia treatment model to treat other chronic diseases
Apis surinamensis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Apis
Apis surinamensis

description: Apis surinamensis [spec. nov.]
A. hirsuta nigra, abdomine, excepto primo segmento, flavo.
Habitat Surinami. Rolander.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 579, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Bias in particle tracking acceleration measurement
Creators: name: Lawson, John M.
name: Bodenschatz, Eberhard
name: Lalescu, Cristian C.
name: Wilczek, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate sources of error in acceleration statistics from Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) data and demonstrate techniques to eliminate or minimise bias errors introduced during processing. Numerical simulations of particle tracking experiments in isotropic turbulence show that the main sources of bias error arise from noise due to position uncertainty and selection biases introduced during numerical differentiation. We outline the use of independent measurements and filtering schemes to eliminate these biases. Moreover, we test the validity of our approach in estimating the statistical moments and probability densities of the Lagrangian acceleration. Finally, we apply these techniques to experimental particle tracking data and demonstrate their validity in practice with comparisons to available data from literature. The general approach, which is not limited to acceleration statistics, can be applied with as few as two cameras and permits a substantial reduction in the spatial resolution and sampling rate required to adequately measure statistics of Lagrangian acceleration.