cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chiral gravitational waves from thermalized neutrinos in the early Universe
Creators: name: Gubler, Philipp
name: Yamamoto, Naoki
name: Yang, Di-Lun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate polarized gravitational waves generated by chiral fermions in the early Universe. In particular, we focus on the contribution from left-handed neutrinos in thermal equilibrium with finite temperature and chemical potential in the radiation dominated era. We compute the correlation functions of gravitational fields pertinent to the Stokes parameter $V$ characterizing the circular polarization of gravitational waves in the Minkowski and expanding spacetime backgrounds. In the expanding universe, we find that the thermalized neutrinos induce a non-vanishing $V$ linear to the neutrino degeneracy parameter and wavenumber of gravitational waves in the long wavelength region. While the magnitude of the gravitational waves generated by thermal neutrinos is too small to be detectable by current and planned third generation gravitational wave detectors, their observations by future generation detectors for ultra-high frequency regimes could provide information on the neutrino degeneracy parameter in the early Universe.
description: 37 pages, 1 figure; published version
Tower: Data Structures in Quantum Superposition
Creators: name: Yuan, Charles
name: Carbin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emerging quantum algorithms for problems such as element distinctness, subset sum, and closest pair demonstrate computational advantages by relying on abstract data structures. Practically realizing such an algorithm as a program for a quantum computer requires an efficient implementation of the data structure whose operations correspond to unitary operators that manipulate quantum superpositions of data. To correctly operate in superposition, an implementation must satisfy three properties -- reversibility, history independence, and bounded-time execution. Standard implementations, such as the representation of an abstract set as a hash table, fail these properties, calling for tools to develop specialized implementations. In this work, we present Core Tower, the first language for quantum programming with random-access memory. Core Tower enables the developer to implement data structures as pointer-based, linked data. It features a reversible semantics enabling every valid program to be translated to a unitary quantum circuit. We present Boson, the first memory allocator that supports reversible, history-independent, and constant-time dynamic memory allocation in quantum superposition. We also present Tower, a language for quantum programming with recursively defined data structures. Tower features a type system that bounds all recursion using classical parameters as is necessary for a program to execute on a quantum computer. Using Tower, we implement Ground, the first quantum library of data structures, including lists, stacks, queues, strings, and sets. We provide the first executable implementation of sets that satisfies all three mandated properties of reversibility, history independence, and bounded-time execution.
description: 30 pages, 22 figures. [v2] add discussion of concurrent work in Sec 1.4 and add acknowledgements section. [v3] camera-ready version, incorporates revisions following conference review
Projection method for droplet dynamics on groove-textured surface with merging and splitting
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
name: Liu, Jian-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The geometric motion of small droplets placed on an impermeable textured substrate is mainly driven by the capillary effect, the competition among surface tensions of three phases at the moving contact lines, and the impermeable substrate obstacle. After introducing an infinite dimensional manifold with an admissible tangent space on the boundary of the manifold, by Onsager's principle for an obstacle problem, we derive the associated parabolic variational inequalities. These variational inequalities can be used to simulate the contact line dynamics with unavoidable merging and splitting of droplets due to the impermeable obstacle. To efficiently solve the parabolic variational inequality, we propose an unconditional stable explicit boundary updating scheme coupled with a projection method. The explicit boundary updating efficiently decouples the computation of the motion by mean curvature of the capillary surface and the moving contact lines. Meanwhile, the projection step efficiently splits the difficulties brought by the obstacle and the motion by mean curvature of the capillary surface. Furthermore, we prove the unconditional stability of the scheme and present an accuracy check. The convergence of the proposed scheme is also proved using a nonlinear Trotter-Kato's product formula under the pinning contact line assumption. After incorporating the phase transition information at splitting points, several challenging examples including splitting and merging of droplets are demonstrated.
description: 26 pages
«Für Minderjährige wird viel gemacht und für 18, die Leute die 18 sind für sie ist es sehr schwierig»: Eine Untersuchung zum Übergangsprozess von jungen Geflüchteten in
der Schweiz aus betreuten Unterkünften in die Eigenverantwortung
Creators: name: Altorfer, Eva Barblina
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Durch die Volljährigkeit brechen für unbegleitete Minderjährige in der Schweiz viele Unterstützungsleistungen
ab und der Anspruch auf einen geschützten Wohnort fällt weg.
Dadurch stehen sie, wie auch andere Care Leaver*innen vor vielen neuen Herausforderungen,
die sie nun selbstständig bewältigen müssen. Hinzu kommen die durch die Flucht und
ihre Rolle als «Flüchtlinge» bedingten Hürden. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit untersucht die
Erfahrungen von geflüchteten Care Leaver*innen in diesem Prozess. Welche Herausforderungen
treffen sie an und wie gehen sie damit um? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurden
fünf biographisch narrative Interviews mit geflüchteten Care Leaver*innen geführt und
diese anhand der Grounded Theory ausgewertet. Für zusätzliches Kontextwissen wurden
zwei teilnarrative Gruppendiskussionen mit dem professionellen und freiwilligen Unterstützungsnetzwerk
von jungen Geflüchteten geführt. Die Analyse der Interviews zeigt, dass die
geflüchteten Care Leaver*innen mit der Volljährigkeit oft noch nicht im Stande sind, ihr Leben
komplett selbstständig zu bewältigen. Als Care Leaver*innen fällt es ihnen schwer,
ohne Unterstützungsnetzwerk ihren Alltag zu Strukturieren und Zukunftsaussichten zu entwickeln.
Hinzu kommen spezifische Herausforderungen für jungen Geflüchtete wie das Navigieren
in einer neuen Gesellschaft, die gesellschaftliche Stigmatisierung, die sprachliche
Barriere, die Lücken in der Bildung, die psychische Belastung und der Druck durch die familiäre
Verantwortung einerseits und den asylrechtlichen Integrationsanforderungen andererseits.
Um damit umzugehen, versuchen geflüchtete Care Leaver*innen sich ein eigenes
Netzwerk aufzubauen, was jedoch nicht immer gelingt. Deswegen braucht es ein professionelles
Auffangnetz und eine längerfristige Begleitung in die Eigenständigkeit durch die
Soziale Arbeit. Damit dies gewährleistest werden kann, muss sich die Soziale Arbeit im
Fluchtkontext klar gegen die aktuellen Missstände und Menschenrechtsverletzungen darin
positionieren.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa masa be + Fussnote: Master of Science in Sozialer Arbeit, Bern, Luzern, St. Gallen, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
Scoping Paper: Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (NEFI Innovation Hub)
Creators: name: NEFI New Energy for Industry
name: Drexler-Schmid, Gerwin
name: Markowitsch, Christoph
name: Kienberger, Marlene
Publisher: name: NEFI
Year: 2025
Subjects: NEFI
Innovation Network
Energy
Industry
New Energy for Industry
Climate and Energy Fund
Vorzeigeregion
Innovation Hub
Carbon Capture, Utilisation, Storage
CCUS

description: The NEFI Innovation Hubs are specialised networks led by renowned research institutions. Their goal is to initiate high-impact research and innovation projects that support the transition to a climate-neutral industry and position Austria as a technology leader in renewable energy and industrial innovation.

Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) includes technologies for capturing, storing, and ideally reusing significant amounts of CO2 from production processes. They play a crucial role, particularly in industrial sectors where CO2 emissions cannot be fully avoided by using renewable energy sources alone.
Configuration polynomials under contact equivalence
Creators: name: Denham, Graham
name: Pol, Delphine
name: Schulze, Mathias
name: Walther, Uli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N20 (Primary) 05C31, 14M12, 81Q30 (Secondary)

description: Configuration polynomials generalize the classical Kirchhoff polynomial defined by a graph. Their study sheds light on certain polynomials appearing in Feynman integrands. Contact equivalence provides a way to study the associated configuration hypersurface. In the contact equivalence class of any configuration polynomial we identify a polynomial with minimal number of variables; it is a configuration polynomial. This minimal number is bounded by $r+1\choose 2$, where $r$ is the rank of the underlying matroid. We show that the number of equivalence classes is finite exactly up to rank $3$ and list explicit normal forms for these classes.
description: 19 pages, 1 table
Inbetweening auto-animation via Fokker-Planck dynamics and thresholding
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
name: Jin, Guangzhen
name: Liu, Jian-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an equilibrium-driven deformation algorithm (EDDA) to simulate the inbetweening transformations starting from an initial image to an equilibrium image, which covers images varying from a greyscale type to a colorful type on plane or manifold. The algorithm is based on Fokker-Planck dynamics on manifold, which automatically cooperates positivity, unconditional stability, mass conservation law, exponentially convergence and also the manifold structure suggested by dataset. The thresholding scheme is adapted for the sharp interface dynamics and is used to achieve the finite time convergence. Using EDDA, three challenging examples, (I) facial aging process, (II) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) invading/treatment process, and (III) continental evolution process are conducted efficiently.
description: 18 pages
Predicting Dynamics on Networks Hardly Depends on the Topology
Creators: name: Prasse, Bastian
name: Van Mieghem, Piet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Processes on networks consist of two interdependent parts: the network topology, consisting of the links between nodes, and the dynamics, specified by some governing equations. This work considers the prediction of the future dynamics on an unknown network, based on past observations of the dynamics. For a general class of governing equations, we propose a prediction algorithm which infers the network as an intermediate step. Inferring the network is impossible in practice, due to a dramatically ill-conditioned linear system. Surprisingly, a highly accurate prediction of the dynamics is possible nonetheless: Even though the inferred network has no topological similarity with the true network, both networks result in practically the same future dynamics.
Additional file 3 of ImPROving TB outcomes by modifying LIFE-style behaviours through a brief motivational intervention followed by short text messages (ProLife): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Moriarty, Andrew
name: Goedele Louwagie
name: Mdege, Noreen
name: Neo Morojele
name: Tumbo, John
name: Olufemi Omole
name: Bachmann, Max
name: Kanaan, Mona
name: Turner, Astrid
name: Parrott, Steve
name: Siddiqi, Kamran
name: Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Counselling Activities Reporting Form. (DOC 103 kb)
Geometry effects on interfacial dynamics of gas‐driven drainage in a gradient capillary
Creators: name: Suo, Si
name: O'Kiely, Doireann
name: Liu, Mingchao
name: Gan, Yixiang
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences

description: Unfavorable fluid‐fluid displacement, where a low‐viscosity fluid displaces a higher‐viscosity fluid in permeable media, is commonly encountered in various subsurface processes. Understanding the formation and evolution of the resulting interfacial instability can have practical benefits for engineering applications. Using gradient capillary tubes assurrogate models of permeable media, we numerically investigate interfacial dynamics during gas‐driven drainage. Our focus is on understanding the impact of tube geometry on interface stability. In a gradient tube, since the interface shape changes during the drainage process, we measure interfacial stability using the difference between the contact‐line velocity Ucl and the meniscus tip velocity Utip. We define instability as a rapid reduction in the contact line velocity Ucl compared to the tip velocity Utip. Beyond the onset of this instability, gas penetrates into the liquid, forming a finger, and entraining a liquid film on the tube wall. The observed stability transition can be rationalized to a large extent by adaptation of an existing theory for cylindrical tubes in terms of a critical capillary number Cacrit. For an expanding tube, simulations suggest that a stability transition from an initially unstable meniscus to a final stable one, with Ucl catching up with Utip, can occur if the local capillary number is initially slightly larger than Cacrit and then drops below Cacrit. The insights gained from this study can be beneficial in estimating the mode and efficiency of subsurface fluid displacement.
Data-driven Efficient Solvers for Langevin Dynamics on Manifold in High Dimensions
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
name: Liu, Jian-Guo
name: Wu, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the Langevin dynamics of a physical system with manifold structure $\mathcal{M}\subset\mathbb{R}^p$ based on collected sample points $\{\mathsf{x}_i\}_{i=1}^n \subset \mathcal{M}$ that probe the unknown manifold $\mathcal{M}$. Through the diffusion map, we first learn the reaction coordinates $\{\mathsf{y}_i\}_{i=1}^n\subset \mathcal{N}$ corresponding to $\{\mathsf{x}_i\}_{i=1}^n$, where $\mathcal{N}$ is a manifold diffeomorphic to $\mathcal{M}$ and isometrically embedded in $\mathbb{R}^\ell$ with $\ell \ll p$. The induced Langevin dynamics on $\mathcal{N}$ in terms of the reaction coordinates captures the slow time scale dynamics such as conformational changes in biochemical reactions. To construct an efficient and stable approximation for the Langevin dynamics on $\mathcal{N}$, we leverage the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation on the manifold $\mathcal{N}$ in terms of the reaction coordinates $\mathsf{y}$. We propose an implementable, unconditionally stable, data-driven finite volume scheme for this Fokker-Planck equation, which automatically incorporates the manifold structure of $\mathcal{N}$. Furthermore, we provide a weighted $L^2$ convergence analysis of the finite volume scheme to the Fokker-Planck equation on $\mathcal{N}$. The proposed finite volume scheme leads to a Markov chain on $\{\mathsf{y}_i\}_{i=1}^n$ with an approximated transition probability and jump rate between the nearest neighbor points. After an unconditionally stable explicit time discretization, the data-driven finite volume scheme gives an approximated Markov process for the Langevin dynamics on $\mathcal{N}$ and the approximated Markov process enjoys detailed balance, ergodicity, and other good properties.
description: 53 pages, 12 figures
One-loop matching for gluon lattice TMDs
Creators: name: Schindler, Stella T.
name: Stewart, Iain W.
name: Zhao, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) can be calculated from first principles by computing a related set of Euclidean lattice observables and connecting them via a factorization formula. This work focuses on the leading-power factorization formula connecting the lattice quasi-TMD and continuum Collins TMD for gluons. We calculate the one-loop gluon matching coefficient, which is known to be independent of spin and exhibits no mixing with quarks. We demonstrate that this coefficient satisfies Casimir scaling with respect to the quark matching coefficient at one-loop order. Our result facilitates reliable lattice QCD calculations of gluon TMDs.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, v2: updates to match journal
Exchange-correlation effect in the charge response of a warm dense electron gas
Creators: name: Hou, Peng-Cheng
name: Wang, Bao-Zong
name: Haule, Kristjan
name: Deng, Youjin
name: Chen, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of warm dense matter, widely existing in nature and laboratories, is challenging due to the interplay of quantum and classical fluctuations. We develop a variational diagrammatic Monte Carlo method and determine the exchange-correlation kernel $K_{\rm XC}(q;T)$ of a warm dense electron gas for a broad range of temperature $T$ and momentum $q$. We observe several interesting physics, including the $T$-dependent evolution of the hump structure and the large-$q$ tail and the emergence of a scaling relation. Particularly, by deriving an analytical form for $q \to \infty$, we obtain large-$q$ tails of $K_{\rm XC}$ with high precision. It is shown that the $K_{\rm XC}$ data can be reliably transformed into real space, which can be directly used in density-functional-theory calculations of real warm dense matter.
Simultaneous X-ray and optical spectroscopy of V404 Cygni supports the multi-phase nature of X-ray binary accretion disc winds
Creators: name: Muñoz-Darias, Teo
name: Ponti, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational signatures of accretion disc winds have been found in a significant number of low-mass X-ray binaries at either X-ray or optical wavelengths. The 2015 outburst of the black hole transient V404 Cygni provided a unique opportunity for studying both types of outflows in the same system. We used contemporaneous X-ray (Chandra Observatory) and optical (Gran Telescopio Canarias, GTC) spectroscopy, in addition to hard X-ray light curves (INTEGRAL). We show that the kinetic properties of the wind, as derived from P-Cyg profiles detected in the optical range at low hard X-ray fluxes and in a number of X-ray transitions during luminous flares, are remarkably similar. Furthermore, strictly simultaneous data taken at intermediate hard X-ray fluxes show consistent emission line properties between the optical and the X-ray emission lines, which most likely arise in the same accretion disc wind. We discuss several scenarios to explain the properties of the wind, favouring the presence of a dynamic, multi-phase outflow during the entire outburst of the system. This study, together with the growing number of wind detections with fairly similar characteristic velocities at different wavelengths, suggest that wind-type X-ray binary outflows might be predominantly multi-phase in nature.
description: Published in A&A
Deep Learning-Based Robust Neural-Machine Interface for Dexterous Control of Robotic Hand
Creators: name: Xu, Feng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Neuromuscular injuries can impair hand function and impact the quality of life. To restore hand dexterity, numerous assistive devices have been developed. However, the lack of a robust neural-machine interface may limit functionality of these devices. Accordingly, a robust neural decoding approach was developed that can continuously decode the intended finger motor output. High-density electromyogram (HD-EMG) signals were obtained from the extrinsic finger flexor and extensor muscles. Convolutional neural networks were implemented to learn the mapping from HD-EMG features to finger-specific population neuron firing frequency, which was then used to control a prosthetic hand in real-time. In comparison with the HD-EMG amplitude approach, the network-based decoder predicted finger forces and angles with lower prediction errors. The network-based decoder also demonstrated better isolation with minimal predicted output in the unintended fingers. The outcomes offer a novel neural-machine interface technique that allows intuitive control of assistive robotic hands in a dexterous manner.
Irreducible matrix resolution of the elasticity tensor for symmetry systems
Creators: name: Itin, Yakov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In linear elasticity, a fourth order elasticity (stiffness) tensor of 21 independent components completely describes deformation properties of a material. Due to Voigt, this tensor is conventionally represented by a $6\times 6$ symmetric matrix. This classical matrix representation does not conform with the irreducible decomposition of the elasticity tensor. In this paper, we construct two alternative matrix representations. The $3\times 7$ matrix representation is in a correspondence with the permutation transformations of indices and with the general linear transformation of the basis. An additional representation of the elasticity tensor by three $3\times 3$ matrices is suitable for description the irreducible decomposition under the rotation transformations. We present the elasticity tensor of all crystal systems in these compact matrix forms and construct the hierarchy diagrams based on this representation.
Existence and rigidity of the Peierls-Nabarro model for dislocations in high dimensions
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
name: Liu, Jian-Guo
name: Liu, Zibu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A02, 35Q74, 35S15, 35J50

description: We focus on existence and rigidity problems of the vectorial Peierls-Nabarro (PN) model for dislocations. Under the assumption that the misfit potential on the slip plane only depends on the shear displacement along the Burgers vector, a reduced non-local scalar Ginzburg-Landau equation with an anisotropic positive (if Poisson ratio belongs to $(-1/2,1/3)$) singular kernel is derived on the slip plane. We first prove that minimizers of the PN energy for this reduced scalar problem exist. Starting from $H^{1/2}$ regularity, we prove that these minimizers are smooth 1D profiles only depending on the shear direction, monotonically and uniformly converge to two stable states at far fields in the direction of the Burgers vector. Then a De Giorgi-type conjecture of single-variable symmetry for both minimizers and layer solutions is established. As a direct corollary, minimizers and layer solutions are unique up to translations. The proof of this De Giorgi-type conjecture relies on a delicate spectral analysis which is especially powerful for nonlocal pseudo-differential operators with strong maximal principle. All these results hold in any dimension since we work on the domain periodic in the transverse directions of the slip plane. The physical interpretation of this rigidity result is that the equilibrium dislocation on the slip plane only admits shear displacements and is a strictly monotonic 1D profile provided exclusive dependence of the misfit potential on the shear displacement.
Fostering Reuse by Integration: A Directed System of System Development Case
Creators: name: Vargas, Iohan Gonçalves
name: Nascimento, Diego Lima
name: Braga, Rosana Teresinha Vaccare
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Presentation of the Fostering Reuse by Integration: A Directed System of System Development Case paper.
Additional file 1: of Comparative genomic analysis suggests that the sperm-specific sodium/proton exchanger and soluble adenylyl cyclase are key regulators of CatSper among the Metazoa
Creators: name: Romero, Francisco
name: Nishigaki, Takuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Databases used for determination of the presence of CatSper, sNHE and sAC. (PDF 48 kb)
Nondestructive femtosecond laser lithography of Ni nanocavities by controlled thermo-mechanical spallation at the nanoscale
Creators: name: Temnov, V. V.
name: Alekhin, A.
name: Samokhvalov, A.
name: Ivanov, D. S.
name: Vavassori, P.
name: Veiko, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach to femtosecond direct laser writing lithography to pattern nanocavities in ferromagnetic thin films. To demonstrate the concept we irradiated 300~nm thin nickel films by single intense femtosecond laser pulses through the glass substrate and created complex surface landscapes at the nickel-air interface. Using a fluence above the ablation threshold the process is destructive and irradiation leads to the formation of 200~nm thin flakes of nickel around the ablation crater as seen by electron microscopy. By progressively lowering the peak laser fluence, slightly below the ablation threshold the formation of closed spallation cavities is demonstrated by interferometric microscopy. Systematic studies by electron and optical interferometric microscopies enabled us to gain an understanding of the thermo-mechanical mechanism leading to spallation at the solid-molten interface, a conclusion supported by molecular dynamics simulations. We achieved a control of the spallation process that enabled the fabrication of closed spallation nanocavities and their periodic arrangements. Due to their topology closed magnetic nanocavities can support unique couplings of multiple excitations (magnetic, optical, acoustic, spintronic). Thereby, they offer a unique physics playground, before unavailable, for magnetism, magneto-photonic and magneto-acoustic applications.
description: 4 figures
Additional file 1: of Comparative genomic analysis suggests that the sperm-specific sodium/proton exchanger and soluble adenylyl cyclase are key regulators of CatSper among the Metazoa
Creators: name: Romero, Francisco
name: Nishigaki, Takuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Databases used for determination of the presence of CatSper, sNHE and sAC. (PDF 2174 kb)
Leveraging Siamese Networks for One-Shot Intrusion Detection Model
Creators: name: Hindy, Hanan
name: Tachtatzis, Christos
name: Atkinson, Robert
name: Brosset, David
name: Bures, Miroslav
name: Andonovic, Ivan
name: Michie, Craig
name: Bellekens, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use of supervised Machine Learning (ML) to enhance Intrusion Detection Systems has been the subject of significant research. Supervised ML is based upon learning by example, demanding significant volumes of representative instances for effective training and the need to re-train the model for every unseen cyber-attack class. However, retraining the models in-situ renders the network susceptible to attacks owing to the time-window required to acquire a sufficient volume of data. Although anomaly detection systems provide a coarse-grained defence against unseen attacks, these approaches are significantly less accurate and suffer from high false-positive rates. Here, a complementary approach referred to as 'One-Shot Learning', whereby a limited number of examples of a new attack-class is used to identify a new attack-class (out of many) is detailed. The model grants a new cyber-attack classification without retraining. A Siamese Network is trained to differentiate between classes based on pairs similarities, rather than features, allowing to identify new and previously unseen attacks. The performance of a pre-trained model to classify attack-classes based only on one example is evaluated using three datasets. Results confirm the adaptability of the model in classifying unseen attacks and the trade-off between performance and the need for distinctive class representation.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, J Intell Inf Syst (2022)
EVOLUTION OF ARCTIC CONTINENTAL SHELVES: MODELLING MORPHODYNAMIC FEEDBACKS TO CLIMATE-DRIVEN INCREASES IN SEA STATES
Creators: name: Malito, John
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Arctic continental shelves, including the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf (ABS), are experiencing declines in sea ice coverage and duration which are leading to increasingly energetic sea states and coastal erosion. A Delft3D sediment transport model was developed to test how present-day and projected future waves impact shelf evolution, and how shelf geometry modifies propagation of waves toward the coast. Wave-induced sediment transport and morphologic adjustment were enhanced on a relatively steep ABS shelf section (slope 0.0008) under increased projected waves. Redistribution of sediments from the inner shelf to the middle shelf led to attenuation of projected waves as the shelf evolved, creating a regulatory feedback loop. In contrast, effective wave attenuation across a relatively flat shelf section (slope 0.0003) limited cross-shelf transport and morphologic change. Our findings suggest that morphodynamic feedbacks to the growing Arctic wave climate depend on shelf geometry and can impact future coastal erosion.
To the theory of $q$-ary Steiner and other-type trades
Creators: name: Krotov, Denis
name: Mogilnykh, Ivan
name: Potapov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B05, 05B30

description: We introduce the concept of a clique bitrade, which generalizes several known types of bitrades, including latin bitrades, Steiner $T(k-1,k,v)$ bitrades, extended $1$-perfect bitrades. For a distance-regular graph, we show a one-to-one correspondence between the clique bitrades that meet the weight-distribution lower bound on the cardinality and the bipartite isometric subgraphs that are distance-regular with certain parameters. As an application of the results, we find the minimum cardinality of $q$-ary Steiner $T_q(k-1,k,v)$ bitrades and show a connection of minimum such bitrades with dual polar subgraphs of the Grassmann graph $J_q(v,k)$. Keywords: bitrades, trades, Steiner systems, subspace designs
description: 13 pp. V2: New Section 2.3, Example 6; now Theorem 4 do not require transitivity. V3: revised, introduction extended
Non-Abelian topological order with SO(5)$_{1}$ chiral edge states
Creators: name: Wu, Ying-Hai
name: Tu, Hong-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a chiral spin liquid constructed using the parton theory. This state supports non-Abelian anyons and neutral fermions, which share some similarities with the celebrated Moore-Read state. The edge physics of the parton state and the Moore-Read state is very different. Based on conformal field theory (CFT) analysis, it is proposed that the edge states exhibit an emergent SO(5) symmetry. The counting of edge states in the low-lying SO(5)$_{1}$ CFT towers is computed. The chiral spin liquid is generated using tensor network methods, which allows us to confirm the SO(5)$_{1}$ counting using entanglement spectrum. An additional feature of multiple branches in the entanglement spectrum is observed and analyzed.
Additional file 2: of Comparative genomic analysis suggests that the sperm-specific sodium/proton exchanger and soluble adenylyl cyclase are key regulators of CatSper among the Metazoa
Creators: name: Romero, Francisco
name: Nishigaki, Takuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S2. Abbreviations for orthologues used in Fig. 5. (PDF 2440 kb)
Optimizing the Decoy-State BB84 QKD Protocol Parameters
Creators: name: Attema, Thomas
name: Bosman, Joost
name: Neumann, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of a QKD implementation is determined by the tightness of the underlying security analysis. In particular, the security analyses determines the key-rate, i.e., the amount of cryptographic key material that can be distributed per time unit. Nowadays, the security analyses of various QKD protocols are well understood. It is known that optimal protocol parameters, such as the number of decoy states and their intensities, can be found by solving a nonlinear optimization problem. The complexity of this optimization problem is typically handled by making an number of heuristic assumptions. For instance, the number of decoy states is restricted to only one or two, with one of the decoy intensities set to a fixed value, and vacuum states are ignored as they are assumed to contribute only marginally to the secure key-rate. These assumptions simplify the optimization problem and reduce the size of search space significantly. However, they also cause the security analysis to be non-tight, and thereby result in sub-optimal performance. In this work, we follow a more rigorous approach using both linear and non-linear programs describing the optimization problem. Our approach, focusing on the Decoy-State BB84 protocol, allows heuristic assumptions to be omitted, and therefore results in a tighter security analysis with better protocol parameters. We show an improved performance for the Decoy-State BB84 QKD protocol, demonstrating that the heuristic assumptions typically made are too restrictive. Moreover, our improved optimization frameworks shows that the complexity of the performance optimization problem can also be handled without making heuristic assumptions, even with limited computational resources available.
The limits of the strong $CP$ problem
Creators: name: Ai, Wen-Yuan
name: Cruz, Juan S.
name: Garbrecht, Bjorn
name: Tamarit, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While $CP$ violation has never been observed in the strong interactions, the QCD Lagrangian admits a $CP$-odd topological interaction proportional to the so called $θ$ angle, which weighs the contributions to the partition function from different topological sectors. The observational bounds are usually interpreted as demanding a severe tuning of $θ$ against the phases of the quark masses, which constitutes the strong $CP$ problem. Here we report on recent challenges to this view based on a careful treatment of boundary conditions in the path integral and of the limit of infinite spacetime volume, which leads to $θ$ dropping out of fermion correlation functions and becoming unobservable, implying that $CP$ is preserved in QCD.
description: 6 pages, to be published in the Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Prospects in the Physics of Discrete Symmetries (DISCRETE 2020-2021) 29th November - 3rd December 2021
Global Strong Solution With BV Derivatives to Singular Solid-on-Solid model With Exponential Nonlinearity
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we consider the one dimensional very singular fourth-order equation for solid-on-solid model in attachment-detachment-limit regime with exponential nonlinearity $$h_t = \nabla \cdot (\frac{1}{|\nabla h|} \nabla e^{\frac{δE}{δh}}) =\nabla \cdot (\frac{1}{|\nabla h|}\nabla e^{- \nabla \cdot (\frac{\nabla h}{|\nabla h|})})$$ where total energy $E=\int |\nabla h|$ is the total variation of $h$. Using a logarithmic correction $E=\int |\nabla h|\ln|\nabla h| d x$ and gradient flow structure with a suitable defined functional, we prove the evolution variational inequality solution preserves a positive gradient $h_x$ which has upper and lower bounds but in BV space. We also obtain the global strong solution to the solid-on-solid model which allows an asymmetric singularity $h_{xx}^+$ happens.
description: 15 pages
Simplicity of fusion systems of finite simple groups
Creators: name: Oliver, Bob
name: Ruiz, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20D05

description: We determine for which known finite simple groups $G$ and which primes $p$ the $p$-fusion system of $G$ is simple. This means first collecting together the results that were already known (and correcting two errors made in an earlier study of this question), and then handling the remaining cases. At the same time, we develop some new tools to use when determining $O^{p'}(\mathcal{F})$ for arbitrary saturated fusion systems.
Additional file 2: of Network analysis of dairy cattle movement and associations with bovine tuberculosis spread and control in emerging dairy belts of Ethiopia
Creators: name: Getnet Mekonnen
name: Gobena Ameni
name: Wood, James
name: Berg, Stefan
name: Conlan, Andrew
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S2. Correlation between node centrality measures. (DOCX 14 kb)
Refrigeration via purification through repeated measurements
Creators: name: Konar, Tanoy Kanti
name: Ghosh, Srijon
name: De, Aditi Sen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We design a measurement-based quantum refrigerator with an arbitrary number of qubits situated in a one-dimensional array that interact through variable-range XY interactions. The method proposed is based on repeated evolution followed by a measurement on the single accessible qubit, which has the potential to reduce the temperature in the rest of the subsystems, thereby demonstrating cooling in the device. The performance of the refrigerator is quantified by the fidelity of each local subsystem with the ground state of the local Hamiltonian and the corresponding probability of success. We identify system parameters, which include the interaction strength, range of interactions, initial temperature of each qubit, and the position of the measured qubit, so that the fidelities of all the unmeasured qubits approach unity with a nonvanishing probability. We observe that although strong interactions during evolution are required to achieve cooling, the long-range interactions typically deteriorate the performance of the refrigerator, which indicates that interactions are not ubiquitous. We report the scalability and the saturation property of the success probability with respect to the system size, which turns out to be independent of the involved system parameters and the number of repeated measurements. Furthermore, we show that the number of subsystems which can be cooled changes depending on the odd or even number of sites in the refrigerator. We argue that the distribution of entanglement between unmeasured qubits can give a possible explanation of the dependence of cooling process on the measured and unmeasured sites.
description: v1: 11 pages, 9 figures, v2: 12 pages, 10 figures, close to published version
Additional file 6: of Comparative genomic analysis suggests that the sperm-specific sodium/proton exchanger and soluble adenylyl cyclase are key regulators of CatSper among the Metazoa
Creators: name: Romero, Francisco
name: Nishigaki, Takuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S3. Representative alignment for the four transmembrane segments of the VSD (PDF 3640 kb)
Curves of maximal moduli on K3 surfaces
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
name: Gounelas, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J28, 14N35, 14G17

description: We prove that if $X$ is a complex projective K3 surface and $g>0$, then there exist infinitely many families of curves of geometric genus $g$ on $X$ with maximal, i.e., $g$-dimensional, variation in moduli. In particular every K3 surface contains a curve of geometric genus 1 which moves in a non-isotrivial family. This implies a conjecture of Huybrechts on constant cycle curves and gives an algebro-geometric proof of a theorem of Kobayashi that a K3 surface has no global symmetric differential forms.
description: Minor changes, final version
Regularized LRT for Large Scale Covariance Matrices: One Sample Problem
Creators: name: Choi, Young-Geun
name: Ng, Chi Tim
name: Lim, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H15, 62H10

description: The main theme of this paper is a modification of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) for testing high dimensional covariance matrix. Recently, the correct asymptotic distribution of the LRT for a large-dimensional case (the case $p/n$ approaches to a constant $γ\in (0,1]$) is specified by researchers. The correct procedure is named as corrected LRT. Despite of its correction, the corrected LRT is a function of sample eigenvalues that are suffered from redundant variability from high dimensionality and, subsequently, still does not have full power in differentiating hypotheses on the covariance matrix. In this paper, motivated by the successes of a linearly shrunken covariance matrix estimator (simply shrinkage estimator) in various applications, we propose a regularized LRT that uses, in defining the LRT, the shrinkage estimator instead of the sample covariance matrix. We compute the asymptotic distribution of the regularized LRT, when the true covariance matrix is the identity matrix and a spiked covariance matrix. The obtained asymptotic results have applications in testing various hypotheses on the covariance matrix. Here, we apply them to testing the identity of the true covariance matrix, which is a long standing problem in the literature, and show that the regularized LRT outperforms the corrected LRT, which is its non-regularized counterpart. In addition, we compare the power of the regularized LRT to those of recent non-likelihood based procedures.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Unruh quantum Otto engine in the presence of a reflecting boundary
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Arnab
name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
name: Majumdar, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new model of relativistic quantum analogue of the classical Otto engine in the presence of a perfectly reflecting boundary. A single qubit acts as the working substance interacting with a massless quantum scalar field, with the boundary obeying the Dirichlet condition. The quantum vacuum serves as a thermal bath through the Unruh effect. We observe that the response function of the qubit gets significantly modified by the presence of the reflecting boundary. From the structure of the correlation function, we find that three different cases emerge, namely, the intermediate boundary regime, the near boundary regime, and the far boundary regime. As expected, the correlation in the far boundary regime approaches that of the Unruh quantum Otto engine (UQOE) when the reflecting boundary goes to infinity. The effect of the reflecting boundary is manifested through the reduction of the critical excitation probability of the qubit and the work output of the engine. In spite of the reduced work output, the efficiency of the engine remains unaltered even in the presence of the boundary.
description: Version accepted in JHEP
Gespräche und Gebet mit Kranken, Leidenden und Sterbenden
Creators: name: Jeller, Alois
name: Rett, Jutta
name: Lange, Josef
name: Bommer, Josef
name: Scheuermann, Michael
name: Hirsch, Josephine
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 17 Nr. 1 (1986): Diakonia, Band 17, Heft 1