cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigating determinants of choice and predicting market shares of renewable-based heating systems under alternative policy scenarios
Creators: name: Franceschinis, Cristiano
name: Thiene, Mara
Publisher: name: Bio-based and Applied Economics
Year: 2020

description: Fostering the uptake of heating technologies based on renewable resources is an important part of the EU energy policy. Yet, despite efforts to promote their diffusion, heating systems based on fossil fuels are still predominant. In order to better tailor energy policies to citizens preferences, it is crucial to collect accurate information on their determinants of heating choices. At this purpose, we adopted a choice experiment and a latent class model to analyze preferences of householders in the Veneto region (North-East Italy) for different heating systems and their key features. We focused on three devices based on biomass and three on fossil fuels, and accounted for technical, economic and environmental characteristics of such systems. Model estimates highlight the presence of substantial preference heterogeneity among the population, which can be partially explained by citizens socio-demographics. We also use model outputs to simulate market shares for heating systems under alternative policy scenarios. Results provide interesting suggestions to inform the design of policies aimed at fostering the adoption of biomass-based heating systems.
description: Bio-based and Applied Economics, Vol. 9 No. 3 (2020): Eliciting preferences using stated choice experiments
Paul (Erzbischof von Finnland), Orthodoxe Kirche Finnland
Creators: name: Basdekis, Athanasios
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 32 Nr. 3 (1983): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 32, Heft 3
Astrophysical hints for magnetic black holes
Creators: name: Ghosh, Diptimoy
name: Thalapillil, Arun
name: Ullah, Farman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a cornucopia of potential astrophysical signatures and constraints on magnetically charged black holes of various masses. As recently highlighted, being potentially viable astrophysical candidates with immense electromagnetic fields, they may be ideal windows to fundamental physics, electroweak symmetry restoration and non-perturbative quantum field theoretic phenomena. We investigate various potential astrophysical pointers and bounds -- including limits on charges, location of stable orbits and horizons in asymptotically flat and asymptotically de Sitter backgrounds, bounds from galactic magnetic fields and dark matter measurements, characteristic electromagnetic fluxes and tell-tale gravitational wave emissions during binary inspirals. Stable orbits around these objects hold an imprint of their nature and in the asymptotically de Sitter case, there is also a qualitatively new feature with the emergence of a stable outer orbit. We consider binary inspirals of both magnetic and neutral, and magnetic and magnetic, black hole pairs. The electromagnetic emissions and the gravitational waveform evolution, along with inter-black hole separation, display distinct features. Many of the astrophysical signatures may be observationally glaring -- for instance, even in regions of parameter space where no electroweak corona forms, owing to magnetic fields that are still many orders of magnitude larger than even Magnetars, their consequent electromagnetic emissions will be spectacular during binary inspirals. While adding new results, our discussions also complement works in similar contexts, that have appeared recently in the literature.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Changes in exposition, typos corrected and added references. Published in Phys. Rev. D
Bayesian Poisson process partition calculus with an application to Bayesian Lévy moving averages
Creators: name: James, Lancelot F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G05 (Primary) 62F15 (Secondary)

description: This article develops, and describes how to use, results concerning disintegrations of Poisson random measures. These results are fashioned as simple tools that can be tailor-made to address inferential questions arising in a wide range of Bayesian nonparametric and spatial statistical models. The Poisson disintegration method is based on the formal statement of two results concerning a Laplace functional change of measure and a Poisson Palm/Fubini calculus in terms of random partitions of the integers {1,...,n}. The techniques are analogous to, but much more general than, techniques for the Dirichlet process and weighted gamma process developed in [Ann. Statist. 12 (1984) 351-357] and [Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. 41 (1989) 227-245]. In order to illustrate the flexibility of the approach, large classes of random probability measures and random hazards or intensities which can be expressed as functionals of Poisson random measures are described. We describe a unified posterior analysis of classes of discrete random probability which identifies and exploits features common to all these models. The analysis circumvents many of the difficult issues involved in Bayesian nonparametric calculus, including a combinatorial component. This allows one to focus on the unique features of each process which are characterized via real valued functions h. The applicability of the technique is further illustrated by obtaining explicit posterior expressions for Lévy-Cox moving average processes within the general setting of multiplicative intensity models.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053605000000336 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Acoustic Emission Testing of High-Strength Steel Weldments
Creators: name: Hopwood, Theodore
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Manual arc welds were made on high-strength ASTM A 514 and A 588 steels. Different weldment configurations were employed in order to vary the restraint on the welds during cooling. The weldments were monitored 'in-cooling' with acoustic emission equipment. Weldments having greater restraint produced more acoustic emission, usually for longer periods of time. Weldments which fractured during cooling produced more acoustic emission than those which were unflawed.
Orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems corresponding to singular spectral curves
Creators: name: Mironov, A. E.
name: Taimanov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the limiting case of the Krichever construction of orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems when the spectral curve becomes singular. We show that the case when the curve is reducible and all its irreducible components are rational curves the construction procedure reduces to solving systems of linear equations and simple computations with elementary functions. Therewith we demonstrate how such well-known coordinate systems as the polar coordinates, the cylindrical coordinates in the three-space, and the spherical coordinates in the Euclidean spaces fit in this scheme.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, minor typos corrected (first time the revised version was submiited in Russian)
Two-orbital quantum discord in fermion systems
Creators: name: Faba, Javier
name: Martín, Vicente
name: Robledo, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple expression to compute the quantum discord between two orbitals in fermion systems is derived using the parity superselection rule. As the correlation between orbitals depends on the basis chosen, we discuss a special orbital basis, the natural one. We show that quantum correlations between natural orbital pairs disappear when the pairing tensor is zero, i.e. the particle number symmetry is preserved. The Hartree-Fock orbitals within a Slater determinant state, a Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov quasiparticle orbitals in a quasiparticle vacuum, or the ground state of a Hamiltonian with particle symmetry and their corresponding natural orbitals are some relevant examples of natural basis and their corresponding states. Since natural orbitals have that special property, we seek for the quantum discord in non-natural orbital basis. We analyze our findings in the context of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick and Agassi models.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
title: Traffic Accidents:
title: Day vs. Night
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Herd, Donald R.
name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Rizenbergs, Rolands L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A comparison of accidents during daylight and darkness was made for both rural and urban roads. Accident rates on all types of rural roads were higher during darkness than during daylight. Critical accident rates during darkness for various types of roads were calculated. In urban areas, a larger percentage of accidents occurred on wet pavements during darkness than during daylight, but there were no significant differences for rural roads. No significant difference was found between average speeds during conditions of daylight and darkness. On rural roads, imposition of the 55-mph (24.6-m/s) speed limit resulted in a reduction in accident rates for both daylight and darkness. However, there were changes in the percentages of wet-pavement accidents on rural roads. For the entire rural system, there was a decrease in the percentages of wet-pavement accidents during daylight and an increase during darkness.
Farm Economic Consequences of a Reduced Use of Pesticides in Danish Agriculture
Creators: name: Orum, Jens Erik
name: Jorgensen, Lise Nistrup
name: Jensen, Peter Kryger
name: Orum, Jens Erik
name: Jorgensen, Lise Nistrup
name: Jensen, Peter Kryger
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Pesticide scenarios
subject: farm economic model
subject: crop rotation regimes
subject: and optimal land use

description: In 1997 the Danish Minister for Environment and Energy set up a committee to evaluate the possibilities of reducing the use of pesticides in Danish agriculture. As an important part of the evaluation the farm economic and macro economic consequences of a reduced use of pesticides in Danish agriculture was calculated. This article describes the farm economic consequences, as well as the agronomic background and the farm economic model developed to calculate these consequences. The analysis was built up around a set of farm types representative for Danish crop rotation regimes and a set of scenarios intended to show the consequences of different degrees of reduction of pesticide consumption in agriculture. For each scenario the crop yield losses, alternative cultivation techniques, and a number of overall restrictions on the crop rotation were estimated and incorporated in the farm economic model. By using the model the new optimal allocation of crops and pesticides was decided for the different farm types and scenarios. It was found that a total ban on the use of pesticides would have considerably economic effects on crop production and require severe adjustment of the crop rotation and cultivation systems. However, the present use of pesticides can be significantly reduced without any drastic economic losses.
Marketing Methods and Income Generation amongst Small-Scale Farmers in Two Communal Areas of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Creators: name: Matungul, Pierre M.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
name: Matungul, Pierre M.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: High transaction costs are detrimental to the efficient operation or existence of markets for inputs and outputs. The cost of information and the costs associated with the search for trade partners, distance to formal markets and contract enforcement are likely to influence the marketing of food crops. This study hypothesises that the level of income generated from food crop sales by small-scale farmers in the Impendle and Swayimana districts of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, is influenced by transaction costs and certain household and farm characteristics. Regression analysis shows that the depth of marketing methods is significantly influenced by transaction cost proxies such as cooperation with large commercial farmers and ownership of means of transport. Results from a block-recursive regression analysis show that the level of crop income generated is determined by the depth of marketing methods, the size of allocated arable land and off-farm income. Households with lower transaction costs, and having sizeable allocated land and off-farm income can be expected to generate higher crop income. Investment in public goods such as roads, telecommunications and an efficient legal system (to uphold commercial contracts), and farmer support services (extension, marketing information and research) would likely raise farm and non-farm income by reducing transaction costs. This would increase the effective demand for locally produced goods and services, thus contributing to rural employment and livelihoods within rural communal areas.
Exploring Visitors’ Profiles of Pick-Your-Own Farms in Japan
Creators: name: Ohe, Yasuo
name: Ohe, Yasuo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This paper examined a recent trend of rural orientation in Japan from a perspective of diversification of rural economy. Firstly, recent trend of rising number of entrants to farming understood as a part of growing interest for rural life-style. Secondly, characteristics of visitors to pick-your-own farms were examined by statistical tests. Characteristics of up-market and niche market are revealed, which was roughly identical with the findings in the European countries such as those who have higher academic background, higher orientation for outdoor recreation, and are severe on quality of services and goods they receive. Thus, it is necessary to provide authentic quality of the service and goods on the one hand and preserve the rural environment on the other. Therefore farm policy integrating farming and rural policy measures will be necessary further.
The Monte Carlo replica method: investigating the effects of non-linearity
Creators: name: Costantini, Mark N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an in-depth mathematical analysis of the Monte Carlo replica method, commonly used in global fitting studies within the high-energy physics theory field. For the first time, we offer a rigorous derivation of the parameter distributions resulting from this method, demonstrating that, while they align with Bayesian posteriors in linear models, they deviate in non-linear cases. We then numerically assess this discrepancy in a phenomenologically important context: fitting SMEFT Wilson coefficients. Our findings reveal that when non-linearity plays a significant role, the uncertainty estimates for key quantities differ between the two approaches.
X-Ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During Two Years of X-Ray Activity
Creators: name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Corbel, Stephane
name: Goldwurm, Andrea
name: Kaaret, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The black hole candidate (BHC) X-ray transient 4U 1630-47 continuously produced strong X-ray emission for over 2 years during 2002-2004. We use observations made with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) to study the source throughout the outburst along with hard X-ray images from the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL). The source exhibits extreme behaviors, including measured inner disk temperatures (Tin) between 2.7 and 3.8 keV, which are only rivaled by the brightest BHC systems. If the high temperatures are caused by the dominance of electron scattering opacity in the inner regions of the accretion disk, a luminosity >20% of the Eddington limit is theoretically required. We detect several types of variability, including hard 10-100 s flares at the highest disk luminosities in a regime where the source deviates from the Ldisk/Tin relationship that is seen at lower luminosities, possibly suggesting that we are seeing transitions between a standard disk and a "slim" disk. The X-ray properties in 2002-2004 are significantly different from those seen during the 1998 outburst, which is the only outburst with detected radio jet emission. Our results support the "jet-line" concept recently advanced by Fender and co-workers. Our study allows for a test of the quantitative McClintock & Remillard spectral state definitions. We also report on detections of the nearby sources IGR J16320-4751 and IGR J16358-4726.
description: 16 pages, accepted by ApJ
Kentucky’s Pavement Management System
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Drake, Eugene B.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Pavement management concepts are discussed, and a method is presented illustrating the required data and its use to accumulate EAL's annually for comparison with the design EAL. This method can be used to determine overlay priorities, overlay design thicknesses, and financing schedules. A discussion of automatic feedback of field data is presented. Pavement condition reports should be analyzed separately to prevent improper adjustments in the design system due to causes of failure other than normal fatigue.  An overlay, whether for extending service life or improving skid resistance, provides an additional structural thickness and will modify the design life.  Preparation of the R-R-R cost estimates in the fall of 1976 offered the opportunity, and necessity, to implement a pavement management scheme. The methodology used to prepare the cost estimates are discussed in relation to overlay design and scheduling of resurfacing on the Interstate System in Kentucky.  There are compounding and confounding factors which may distort pavement performance and confuse a pavement management scheme based only on the structural adequacy of the pavement. Such factors and influences as D-cracking, expansive aggregates, ditching, skid resistance, roughness, and rutting are discussed.
Does the place of residence affect land use preferences? Evidence from a choice experiment in Germany
Creators: name: Sagebiel, Julian
name: Glenk, Klaus
name: Meyerhoff, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Bio-based and Applied Economics
Year: 2020

description: Discrete choice experiments can be used to inform policy makers on people’s preferences for landscapes and cultural ecosystem services. Recent studies have shown that the spatial context influences preferences and related willingness to pay values. In this paper we investigate the effect of the landscape surrounding people’s places of residence on their willingness to pay using data from a discrete choice experiment on local land-use changes and cultural ecosystem services throughout Germany. For analysis, we apply a latent class logit model and include landscape categories as explanatory variables for class membership. We find that the different landscapes people live in are correlated with preferences. Especially people from urban areas and farm- and grassland landscapes have larger willingness to pay values for improvements in cultural ecosystem services than people from forest landscapes and cultural landscapes. The results are important for policy makers as different willingness to pay values in different landscapes imply different welfare effects for land use changes. Taking this information into account can help in reaching more efficient resource allocations.
description: Bio-based and Applied Economics, Vol. 9 No. 3 (2020): Eliciting preferences using stated choice experiments
Stokes phenomenon and Hawking Radiation
Creators: name: Dumlu, Cesim K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the semiclassical decay rate for Kerr black hole by deriving a one-way connection formula, relating the near horizon solution to the outgoing solution at infinity. In particular, we discuss the relevance of the Stokes phenomenon and show how it leads to a Boltzmann-like thermal weight factor by making use of the Stokes diagrams. We also give the exact result for the semiclassical greybody factor $e^{-2S}, $ where $S$ is the leading order WKB action. We contrast our results with Maldacena and Strominger's work [Phys. Rev. D 56, 4975 (1997)], where the emission spectrum for a rotating black hole was computed locally via asymptotic matching. We find that the relative error of semiclassical decay rate with respect to asymptotic matching formula diminishes in the limit of large angular momentum, $l$, as expected. In this limit, the action assumes a compact form: $2S \sim (2 l+1) (\text{Log} \left( \frac{16 }{z_0}\right)-1)$, where $z_0$ is the cross ratio formed by the critical points (zeroes) of the scattering potential.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures Published in PRD
Not my cup of coffee: Farmers’ preferences for coffee variety traits – Lessons for crop breeding in the age of climate change
Creators: name: Megos Meressa, Abrha
name: Navrud, Stale
Publisher: name: Bio-based and Applied Economics
Year: 2020

description: The advent of biotechnology and conservation of genetic resources hold promise to improve traits to meet the challenges to coffee growing from climate change. Developing new varieties by integrating traits in high demand by farmers could greatly increase farmers’ adoption of new varieties. This study aims to inform breeding priority setting by examining farmers’ preferences for coffee traits. A Discrete Choice Experiment was applied to smallholder farmers in northern Ethiopia to map their willingness-to-pay for improvements in four coffee traits: i) yield, ii) weather tolerance, iii) disease resistance, and iv) the maturity period. The traits are important to the farmers in their choice of coffee varieties. They prefer weather tolerant and disease resistant varieties; implying that they prefer yield stability over high yielding and early maturing varieties. Education level, access to irrigation and farmers’ experience in coffee farming explain the preference heterogeneity across farmers. These results suggest that breeding programs should give priority to yield stability in order to increase farmers’ adoption of new varieties, and secure in situ preservation of these traits. Thus, ex situ conservation programs are needed for early maturing and high yielding varieties, which farmers do not give priority to maintain in their own fields. This would improve climate resilience of coffee farming, and at the same time conserve the Arabica coffee genetic heritage of Ethiopia.
description: Bio-based and Applied Economics, Vol. 9 No. 3 (2020): Eliciting preferences using stated choice experiments
Quantum phases in a resonantly-interacting Bose-Fermi mixture
Creators: name: Dickerscheid, D. B. M.
name: van Oosten, D.
name: Tillema, E. J.
name: Stoof, H. T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a resonantly-interacting Bose-Fermi mixture of $^{40}$K and $^{87}$Rb atoms in an optical lattice. We show that by using a red-detuned optical lattice the mixture can be accurately described by a generalized Hubbard model for $^{40}$K and $^{87}$Rb atoms, and $^{40}$K-$^{87}$Rb molecules. The microscopic parameters of this model are fully determined by the details of the optical lattice and the interspecies Feshbach resonance in the absence of the lattice. We predict a quantum phase transition to occur in this system already at low atomic filling fraction, and present the phase diagram as a function of the temperature and the applied magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The Farm as an Enterprise – The European Perspective
Creators: name: Kuhlmann, Friedrich
name: Berg, Ernst
name: Kuhlmann, Friedrich
name: Berg, Ernst
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management

description: Farming conditions in Europe are changing substantially. The liberalisation of agricultural commodity markets is accompanied by an increasing societal demand for environmental services to be provided by the farming sector. Significant changes are necessary to enable the farming sector to cope with these challenges. The paper describes some general developments of the past and outlines perspectives for the future. Explicit consideration is given to the future of single ownership family farms on one hand, and the perspectives and structural requirements of large scale farming in crop and livestock production on the other hand. The analysis shows that the future competitiveness of the European farming sector largely depends on political decisions. Given the romantic views of the majority of the population as well as many politicians it is everything but certain that the agricultural policy will provide the basis for an economically efficient and therefore globally competitive farming sector in Europe.
Constraints on neutrino non-standard interactions from LHC data with large missing transverse momentum
Creators: name: Liu, DianYu
name: Sun, ChuanLe
name: Gao, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possible non-standard interactions (NSIs) of neutrinos with matter plays important role in the global determination of neutrino properties. In our study we select various data sets from LHC measurements at 13 TeV with integrated luminosities of $35 \sim 139$ fb$^{-1}$, including production of a single jet, photon, $W/Z$ boson, or charged lepton accompanied with large missing transverse momentum. We derive constraints on neutral-current NSIs with quarks imposed by different data sets in a framework of either effective operators or simplified $Z'$ models. We use theoretical predictions of productions induced by NSIs at next-to-leading order in QCD matched with parton showering which stabilize the theory predictions and result in more robust constraints. In a simplified $Z'$ model we obtain a 95% CLs upper limit on the conventional NSI strength $ε$ of 0.042 and 0.0028 for a $Z'$ mass of 0.2 and 2 TeV respectively. We also discuss possible improvements from future runs of LHC with higher luminosities.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
van der Waals fluid and charged AdS black hole in the Landau theory
Creators: name: Xu, Zhen-Ming
name: Wu, Bin
name: Yang, Wen-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By introducing the general construction of Landau functional of the van der Waals system and charged AdS black hole system, we have preliminarily realized the Landau continuous phase transition theory in black hole thermodynamics. The results show that the Landau functional constructed in present paper can directly reflect the physical process of black hole phase transition. Specifically, the splitting of the global minimum of the Landau functional corresponds to the second-order phase transition of the black hole, and the transformation of the global minimum reflects the first-order phase transition of the black hole.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; v2:add References and some comments; v3: clarifications added; v4: match published version
Ab initio dipolar electron-phonon interactions in two-dimensional materials
Creators: name: Deng, Tianqi
name: Wu, Gang
name: Shi, Wen
name: Wong, Zicong Marvin
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
name: Yang, Shuo-Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an ab initio formalism for dipolar electron-phonon interactions (EPI) in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Unlike purely longitudinal Fröhlich model, we show that the out-of-plane dipoles also contribute to the long-wavelength non-analytical behavior of EPI. And the 2D dipolar EPI plays an important role not only in the typical polar material MoS$_2$, but also in graphane and fluorinated graphene. By incorporating this formalism into Wannier-Fourier interpolation, we enable accurate EPI calculations for 2D materials and subsequent intrinsic carrier mobility prediction. The results show that Fröhlich model is inadequate for 2D materials and correct long-wavelength interaction must be included for the reliable prediction.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Probabilistic Grammars for Equation Discovery
Creators: name: Brence, Jure
name: Todorovski, Ljupčo
name: Džeroski, Sašo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; I.2.6; I.1.1; I.1.3; G.3

description: Equation discovery, also known as symbolic regression, is a type of automated modeling that discovers scientific laws, expressed in the form of equations, from observed data and expert knowledge. Deterministic grammars, such as context-free grammars, have been used to limit the search spaces in equation discovery by providing hard constraints that specify which equations to consider and which not. In this paper, we propose the use of probabilistic context-free grammars in equation discovery. Such grammars encode soft constraints, specifying a prior probability distribution on the space of possible equations. We show that probabilistic grammars can be used to elegantly and flexibly formulate the parsimony principle, that favors simpler equations, through probabilities attached to the rules in the grammars. We demonstrate that the use of probabilistic, rather than deterministic grammars, in the context of a Monte-Carlo algorithm for grammar-based equation discovery, leads to more efficient equation discovery. Finally, by specifying prior probability distributions over equation spaces, the foundations are laid for Bayesian approaches to equation discovery.
description: Submitted to Knowledge-Based Systems, Elsevier. 28 pages + 13 pages appendix. 7 figures
Dynamic interactions between pancake vortex stacks and Josephson vortices in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals: relaxation and ratchets
Creators: name: Perkins, G. K.
name: Caplin, A. D.
name: Cohen, L. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the dynamic interactions between Josephson vortices and stacks of pancake vortices in a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystal, obtained by measuring the effect of applied inplane magnetic field pulses on the c-axis magnetisation. The predominant interaction is to relax the system towards equilibrium. However, using a highly sensitive AC technique we are able to measure also the forces acting to drive the system away from equilibrium, consistent with the existence of dragging interactions between the Josephson and pancake systems. Such forces were discussed recently as the basis of possible flux ratchet devices.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Magnetic flux noise in the three Josephson junctions superconducting ring
Creators: name: Il'ichev, E.
name: Omelyanchouk, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the influence of noise on magnetic properties of a su- perconducting loop which contains three Josephson junctions. This circuit is a classical analog of a persistent current (flux) qubit. A loop supercurrent induced by external magnetic field in the presence of thermal fluctuations is calculated. In order to get connection with experiment we calculate the impedance of the low-frequency tank cir- cuit which is inductively coupled with a loop of interest. We compare obtained results with the results in quantum mode - when the three junction loop exhibits quantum tunneling of the magnetic flux. We demonstrate that the tank-loop impedance in the classical and quan- tum modes have different temperature dependence and can be easily distinguished experimentally.
description: 19 pages 9 figures
Heitz, Sergius (Hrsg.), Christus in euch: Hoffnung auf Herrlichkeit
Creators: name: Basdekis, Athanasios
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 32 Nr. 3 (1983): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 32, Heft 3
Universal Asymptotic Statistics of Maximal Relative Height in One-dimensional Solid-on-solid Models
Creators: name: Schehr, Gregory
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the probability density function $P(h_m,L)$ of the maximum relative height $h_m$ in a wide class of one-dimensional solid-on-solid models of finite size $L$. For all these lattice models, in the large $L$ limit, a central limit argument shows that, for periodic boundary conditions, $P(h_m,L)$ takes a universal scaling form $P(h_m,L) \sim (\sqrt{12}w_L)^{-1}f(h_m/(\sqrt{12} w_L))$, with $w_L$ the width of the fluctuating interface and $f(x)$ the Airy distribution function. For one instance of these models, corresponding to the extremely anisotropic Ising model in two dimensions, this result is obtained by an exact computation using transfer matrix technique, valid for any $L>0$. These arguments and exact analytical calculations are supported by numerical simulations, which show in addition that the subleading scaling function is also universal, up to a non universal amplitude, and simply given by the derivative of the Airy distribution function $f'(x)$.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Knowledge, opinions, and practices related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal examination among dentists in Moldova, Belarus and Armenia: a multi-country cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Golburean, Olga
name: Hagen, Maria Helene
name: Uncuta, Diana
name: Tighineanu, Marcela
name: Manrikyan, Gayane
name: Vardanian, Izabella
name: Andresen, Christoffer
name: Singh, Bhavdeep
name: Porosencova, Tatiana
name: Ivasiuc, Irina
name: Cheptanaru, Olga
name: Markaryan, Marina
name: Shakavets, Natalia
name: Sapkota, Dipak
name: Søland, Tine Merete
name: Costea, Daniela-Elena
name: Özkaya, Ferda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire used in this study
Absorption and Emission in quantum dots: Fermi surface effects of Anderson excitons
Creators: name: Helmes, R. W.
name: Sindel, M.
name: Borda, L.
name: von Delft, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments measuring the emission of exciton recombination in a self-organized single quantum dot (QD) have revealed that novel effects occur when the wetting layer surrounding the QD becomes filled with electrons, because the resulting Fermi sea can hybridize with the local electron levels on the dot. Motivated by these experiments, we study an extended Anderson model, which describes a local conduction band level coupled to a Fermi sea, but also includes a local valence band level. We are interested, in particular, on how many-body correlations resulting from the presence of the Fermi sea affect the absorption and emission spectra. Using Wilson's numerical renormalization group method, we calculate the zero-temperature absorption (emission) spectrum of a QD which starts from (ends up in) a strongly correlated Kondo ground state. We predict two features: Firstly, we find that the spectrum shows a power law divergence close to the threshold, with an exponent that can be understood by analogy to the well-known X-ray edge absorption problem. Secondly, the threshold energy $ω_0$ - below which no photon is absorbed (above which no photon is emitted) - shows a marked, monotonic shift as a function of the exciton binding energy $U_{\rm exc}$
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Dynamic Model-based Analysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Creators: name: Röhe, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Inhomogene Elektrodenstruktur
Maxwell-Stefan Diffusion
Elektrochemische Massenspektroskopie
Dreiphasen Modellierung
Chloralkali-Elektrolyse
Inhomogeneous electrode structure
Electrochemical Mass Spectroscopy
Three-phase model
Chlor-alkali electrolysis

description: In this work, the first simulation model of oxygen depolarized cathodes (ODC), which are silver catalyst-based gas diffusion electrodes, is presented that considers the phase equilibrium of the gas-liquid interface and structure-related inhomogeneities in electrolyte distribution. By means of the model it has been identified that mass transport of water and ions in the liquid phase is a crucial factor for electrode performance and how it is influenced by the electrode structure.
A Comparison of Grassland Management Systems for Beef Cattle Using Self-Contained Farmlets: Effects of Contrasting Nitrogen Inputs and Management Strategies on the Farm Economy
Creators: name: Laws, J.A.
name: Williams, Robert J.
name: Pain, B.F.
name: Laws, J.A.
name: Williams, Robert J.
name: Pain, B.F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Farmlets
subject: Systems
subject: Beef cattle
subject: Nitrogen
subject: Slurry
subject: Animal production
subject: Economics
subject: UK

description: The financial implications of manipulating nitrogen (N) inputs and management strategies for beef production systems were assessed. One-hectare grassland farmlets were grazed to a target sward height by beef steers; herbage surplus to grazing requirements was cut for silage. Three systems were compared: ‘CN’, conventional mineral N application to a grass monoculture and broadcast slurry; ‘TN’, tactical mineral N application at fortnightly intervals to a grass monoculture with slurry injection and the early housing of cattle; ‘GC’, a mixed grass/white clover sward with no mineral N addition and slurry injection. Comparisons were made on two contrasting soil types: a freely-draining sandy loam (site 1) and a poorly drained clay (site 2). Financial budgets for 1999-2000 show that estimated gross profit margins (gross outputs minus variable costs), after deducting contractor’s charges for sward preparation and fertiliser spreading, were highest for treatment CN at both sites Î(€1552, €1356 and €1461 ha-1 for site 1 and €1562, €1281 and €1287 ha-1 for site 2, for treatments CN, TN and GC, respectively). Treatment TN was penalised by increased costs associated with an extended housed period and the need to purchase additional silage for winter feeding which cost €242 ha-1 at site 1 and €250 ha-1 at site 2. Savings in N fertiliser for TN in comparison with CN (€44 ha-1 at site 1 and €39 ha-1 at site 2) were more than offset by the increased costs of fortnightly fertiliser applications (€54 ha-1 at site 1 and €46 ha-1 at site 2). Treatment GC benefited from zero costs for the purchase and spreading of mineral N fertiliser but was penalised by increased variation in forage DM production which resulted in a shortfall in winter fodder requirements with a replacement cost of €250 at site 1 and €435 at site 2. The best overall economic performance after the allocation of all possible relevant costs (variable, fixed and capital) in terms of the relative net profit margin, was for GC at site 1 and for CN at site 2 (-€1358, -€2399 and -€1304 ha-1 at site 1 and -€1122, -€2810 and - €1380 ha-1 at site 2, for CN, TN and GC, respectively). The opportunity costs of reducing N surpluses at the gross profit margin level (after contractor’s charges) for treatments TN and GC over treatment CN were calculated at €2.29 kg-1 N surplus for TN and €0.67 kg-1 N surplus for GC at site 1, with corresponding values of €4.91 and €1.57 at site 2.
VPI-Mlogs: A web-based machine learning solution for applications in petrophysics
Creators: name: Nguyen, Anh Tuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning is an important part of the data science field. In petrophysics, machine learning algorithms and applications have been widely approached. In this context, Vietnam Petroleum Institute (VPI) has researched and deployed several effective prediction models, namely missing log prediction, fracture zone and fracture density forecast, etc. As one of our solutions, VPI-MLogs is a web-based deployment platform which integrates data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis, visualisation and model execution. Using the most popular data analysis programming language, Python, this approach gives users a powerful tool to deal with the petrophysical logs section. The solution helps to narrow the gap between common knowledge and petrophysics insights. This article will focus on the web-based application which integrates many solutions to grasp petrophysical data.
de Sitter decay through goldstino evaporation
Creators: name: Farakos, Fotis
name: Kehagias, Alex
name: Liatsos, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study supergravity theories with supersymmetry intrinsically non-linearly realized supported only by four-form flux. We demonstrate that supersymmetry can be restored by the evaporation of the goldstino multiplet. Such procedure requires the existence of a super-extremal 2-brane, in accordance with the WGC, and suggests an imminent decay in de Sitter supergravity, leaving the system to relax in supersymmetric AdS after the transition. In particular, the same decay mechanism also implies that the KKLT de Sitter vacua are short-lived. Our findings thus provide an effective realization of KPV-type of decays within 4D supergravity and in this way may reconcile the nilpotent superfield constructions of de Sitter with some aspects of the swampland program.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures, accepted in JHEP
Behaviour of Fruit and Vegetable Buyers on the City Markets in Croatia
Creators: name: Kovacic, Damir
name: Radman, Marija
name: Kolega, Ante
name: Kovacic, Damir
name: Radman, Marija
name: Kolega, Ante
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Croatia
subject: city markets
subject: fruit and vegetable
subject: consumer segmentation
subject: target marketing

description: Better knowledge of the consumer is the presumption for preparing the efficacious selling concept. Our research is limited on the preferences, requests, habits and attitudes of the consumers which are buying fruit and vegetable on the city markets in Croatia. The main goal of this research is identification and description of the different market segments based on the relevant buying characteristics of the consumers, that is their psychological, geographic and socio-demographic characteristics. The result of this research will be used as basis for the target marketing. We used mail survey method with structured questionnaire in this research. The survey was made in June 2000 on the random sample of 1000 buyers on the city markets in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Osijek. From 1000 questionnaires 568 were returned, 475 of them were included in research and the rest was discarded because of incomplete answers. Univariate analysis of questionnaire’s indicators shows that 93% of consumers buy fruit and vegetable on the city markets. Almost 60% of the consumers visit just one city market, while 63% of the consumers visit the city markets more times in a week. The average total satisfaction of the consumers with the city markets was 3.8, with the satisfaction scale from 5 (completely satisfied) till 1 (completely unsatisfied). The consumers are mostly satisfied with the fruit and vegetable choice (the average evaluation 3.92), and unsatisfied with the price/quality ratio on the city markets (the average evaluation 3.12). In the further research by help of the factor and cluster analysis we determined the fruit and vegetable market segments. We found 4 consumer groups which differ between themselves according to the psychological characteristics of the consumers. In order to describe these segments we detected differences between these segments according to the geographic, socio-demographic and buying characteristics of the consumers. The results of this research give the information’s base to the domestic fruit and vegetables producers to define a marketing strategy that is to plan marketing activities in city markets or in any other selling channel.
A Global Cybersecurity Standardization Framework for Healthcare Informatics
Creators: name: Gupta, Kishu
name: Mishra, Vinaytosh
name: Makkar, Aaisha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Healthcare has witnessed an increased digitalization in the post-COVID world. Technologies such as the medical internet of things and wearable devices are generating a plethora of data available on the cloud anytime from anywhere. This data can be analyzed using advanced artificial intelligence techniques for diagnosis, prognosis, or even treatment of disease. This advancement comes with a major risk to protecting and securing protected health information (PHI). The prevailing regulations for preserving PHI are neither comprehensive nor easy to implement. The study first identifies twenty activities crucial for privacy and security, then categorizes them into five homogeneous categories namely: $\complement_1$ (Policy and Compliance Management), $\complement_2$ (Employee Training and Awareness), $\complement_3$ (Data Protection and Privacy Control), $\complement_4$ (Monitoring and Response), and $\complement_5$ (Technology and Infrastructure Security) and prioritizes these categories to provide a framework for the implementation of privacy and security in a wise manner. The framework utilized the Delphi Method to identify activities, criteria for categorization, and prioritization. Categorization is based on the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), and prioritization is performed using a Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The outcomes conclude that $\complement_3$ activities should be given first preference in implementation and followed by $\complement_1$ and $\complement_2$ activities. Finally, $\complement_4$ and $\complement_5$ should be implemented. The prioritized view of identified clustered healthcare activities related to security and privacy, are useful for healthcare policymakers and healthcare informatics professionals.