cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessing Developmental Assessment in Community Colleges (Assessment of Evidence Series)
Creators: name: Hughes, Katherine Lee
name: Scott-Clayton, Judith E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges
Educational tests and measurements

description: Placement exams are high-stakes assessments that determine many students' college trajectories. The majority of community colleges use placement exams—most often the ACCUPLACER, developed by the College Board, or the COMPASS, developed by ACT, Inc.—to sort students into college-level or developmental education courses in math, reading, and sometimes writing. More than half of entering students at community colleges are placed into developmental education in at least one subject as a result. But the evidence on the predictive validity of these tests is not as strong as many might assume, given the stakes involved—and recent research fails to find evidence that the resulting placements into remediation improve student outcomes. While this has spurred debate about the content and delivery of remedial coursework, it is possible that the assessment process itself may be broken; the debate about remediation policy is incomplete without a fuller understanding of the role of assessment. This paper examines the extent of consensus regarding the role of developmental assessment and how it is best implemented, the validity of the most common assessments currently in use, and emerging directions in assessment policy and practice. Alternative methods of assessment—particularly those involving multiple measures of student preparedness—seem to have the potential to improve student outcomes, but more research is needed to determine what type of change in assessment and placement policy might improve persistence and graduation rates. The paper concludes with a discussion of gaps in the literature and implications for policy and research.
Debris disks as signposts of terrestrial planet formation. II Dependence of exoplanet architectures on giant planet and disk properties
Creators: name: Raymond, Sean N.
name: Armitage, Philip J.
name: Moro-Martin, Amaya
name: Booth, Mark
name: Wyatt, Mark C.
name: Armstrong, John C.
name: Mandell, Avi M.
name: Selsis, Franck
name: West, Andrew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present models for the formation of terrestrial planets, and the collisional evolution of debris disks, in planetary systems that contain multiple unstable gas giants. We previously showed that the dynamics of the giant planets introduces a correlation between the presence of terrestrial planets and debris disks. Here we present new simulations that show that this connection is qualitatively robust to changes in: the mass distribution of the giant planets, the width and mass distribution of the outer planetesimal disk, and the presence of gas in the disk. We discuss how variations in these parameters affect the evolution. Systems with equal-mass giant planets undergo the most violent instabilities, and these destroy both terrestrial planets and the outer planetesimal disks that produce debris disks. In contrast, systems with low-mass giant planets efficiently produce both terrestrial planets and debris disks. A large fraction of systems with low-mass outermost giant planets have stable gaps between these planets that are frequently populated by planetesimals. Planetesimal belts between outer giant planets may affect debris disk SEDs. If Earth-mass seeds are present in outer planetesimal disks, the disks radially spread to colder temperatures. We argue that this may explain the very low frequency of > 1 Gyr-old solar-type stars with observed 24 micron excesses. Among the (limited) set of configurations explored, the best candidates for hosting terrestrial planets at ~1 AU are stars older than 0.1-1 Gyr with bright debris disks at 70 micron but with no currently-known giant planets. These systems combine evidence for rocky building blocks, with giant planet properties least likely to undergo destructive dynamical evolution. We predict an anti-correlation between debris disks and eccentric giant planets, and a positive correlation between debris disks and terrestrial planets.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press. Movies from simulations are at http://www.obs.u-bordeaux1.fr/e3arths/raymond/movies_debris.html
A Projective Interpretation of Some Doubly Special Relativity Theories
Creators: name: Jafari, N.
name: Shariati, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of projective actions of the orthogonal group on the projective space is being studied. It is shown that the Fock--Lorentz, and Magueijo--Smolin transformations known as Doubly Special Relativity are such transformations. The formalism easily lead to new type transformations.
A Model for Accelerating Academic Success of Community College Remedial English Students: Is the Accelerated Learning Program (ALP) Effective and Affordable?
Creators: name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
name: Speroni, Cecilia
name: Belfield, Clive
name: Jaggars, Shanna
name: Edgecombe, Nicole Diane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: The Community College of Baltimore County's Accelerated Learning Program (ALP) permits upper-level developmental writing students to enroll directly in English 101 (ENGL 101) while simultaneously taking a companion course, taught by the same instructor, that provides extra academic support. The aim of the ALP course, which has only eight students per classroom, is to help students maximize the likelihood of their success in English 101. Our results suggest that among students who place into the highest level of developmental writing, participating in ALP is associated with substantially better outcomes in terms of English 101 completion and English 102 completion, the two primary outcomes ALP was designed to improve. In the sample used in this study, 82% of ALP students passed ENGL 101 within one year, compared with 69% of non-ALP ENGL 052 students. More than a third (34%) of ALP students passed ENGL 102, compared with only 12% of the non-ALP ENGL 052 students. The current paper includes a cost-effectiveness analysis and a rough cost““benefit analysis of ALP. Our results also show that, compared to the conventional approach, ALP provides a substantially more cost-effective route for students to pass the ENGL 101 and 102 sequence required for an associate degree ($2,680 versus $3,122 per student). In our cost-benefit analysis, we found that the benefits of ALP are more than double the costs. With the methods used here, we can only make inferences about the correlation between participating in ALP and the outcomes observed. Because of possible selection bias, we cannot say, based on these results, that ALP caused these outcomes. However, because of the promising preliminary findings on the program, CCBC is in the process of scaling up ALP such that by next year, the majority of students who are referred to the highest level developmental English will be enrolled in ENGL 101 with the concurrent ALP support course.
Fluctuating hydrodynamics and turbulence in a rotating fluid: Universal properties
Creators: name: Basu, Abhik
name: Bhattacharjee, Jayanta K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the statistical properties of three-dimensional ($3d$) turbulence in a rotating fluid. To this end we introduce a generating functional to study the statistical properties of the velocity field $\bf v$. We obtain the master equation from the Navier-Stokes equation in a rotating frame and thence a set of exact hierarchical equations for the velocity structure functions for arbitrary angular velocity $\mathbf Ω$. In particular we obtain the {\em differential forms} for the analogs of the well-known von Karman-Howarth relation for $3d$ fluid turbulence. We examine their behavior in the limit of large rotation. Our results clearly suggest dissimilar statistical behavior and scaling along directions parallel and perpendicular to $\mathbf Ω$. The hierarchical relations yield strong evidence that the nature of the flows for large rotation is not identical to pure two-dimensional flows. To complement these results, by using an effective model in the small-$Ω$ limit, within a one-loop approximation, we show that the equal-time correlation of the velocity components parallel to $\mathbf Ω$ displays Kolmogorov scaling $q^{-5/3}$, where as for all other components, the equal-time correlators scale as $q^{-3}$ in the inertial range where $\bf q$ is a wavevector in $3d$. Our results are generally testable in experiments and/or direct numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equation in a rotating frame.
description: 24 pages in preprint format; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E (2011)
A Contextualized Intervention for Community College Developmental Reading and Writing Students
Creators: name: Perin, Dolores
name: Bork, Rachel Julia Hare
name: Peverly, Stephen T.
name: Mason, Linda H.
name: Vaselewski, Megan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This paper provides evidence on the potential efficacy of an approach to helping students develop an important academic skill, written summarization. In two experiments, a contextualized intervention was administered to developmental reading and writing students in two community colleges. The intervention was a 10-week curricular supplement that emphasized written summarization, as well as vocabulary knowledge, question generation, reading comprehension, and persuasive writing. The findings of this study suggest that the intervention had utility for academically underprepared postsecondary students.
Exact Soliton-like Solutions of the Radial Gross-Pitaevskii Equation
Creators: name: Toikka, Lauri
name: Hietarinta, Jarmo
name: Suominen, Kalle-Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct exact ring soliton-like solutions of the cylindrically symmetric (i.e., radial) Gross- Pitaevskii equation with a potential, using the similarity transformation method. Depending on the choice of the allowed free functions, the solutions can take the form of stationary dark or bright rings whose time dependence is in the phase dynamics only, or oscillating and bouncing solutions, related to the second Painlevé transcendent. In each case the potential can be chosen to be time-independent.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Version 2: stability analysis of the dark solution
Accelerating the Academic Achievement of Students Referred to Developmental Education (Assessment of Evidence Series)
Creators: name: Edgecombe, Nicole Diane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Acceleration, which involves the reorganization of instruction and curricula in ways that facilitate the completion of educational requirements in an expedited manner, is an increasingly popular strategy at community colleges for improving the outcomes of developmental education students. This paper reviews the literature on acceleration and considers the quality of evidence available on the effects of acceleration on student outcomes. After examining various definitions of acceleration to better understand what it is and how it works, the paper describes and categorizes the different acceleration models in use. Then, the recent empirical literature on acceleration is reviewed to assess the effectiveness of these approaches. While the empirical basis for acceleration is not as strong as is desirable, existing evidence suggests that there are a variety of models of course redesign and mainstreaming that community colleges can employ to enhance student outcomes. The paper closes with a discussion of the challenges involved in implementing acceleration strategies and recommendations for policy, practice, and research.
"I Came in Unsure of Everything": Community College Students' Shifts in Confidence
Creators: name: Bickerstaff, Susan E.
name: Barragan, Melissa
name: Rucks-Ahidiana, Zawadi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: To improve low rates of credential attainment in community colleges, individual schools as well as a number of national organizations have developed a range of initiatives focused on increasing rates of college completion and student success. Although the importance of non-academic factors in college completion and student success has been well established, questions remain about the best ways to structure the community college environment to foster students' sense of belonging and promote behaviors that are associated with success. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by focusing on the academic confidence of students at the outset of their community college careers, the ways in which their confidence may impact student behaviors and persistence, and how student confidence is affected by students' experiences in college. Using data from nearly 100 community college student interviews, this paper examines students' descriptions of their confidence upon entering college and of the shifts in confidence they experienced early in their college careers. Our findings suggest that student confidence is shaped in part by past academic experiences and expectations of college upon entry. Using student descriptions of their perceptions of college and of themselves, we describe the characteristics of students who describe themselves as self-assured and those who identify as apprehensive. The interview data reveal that student confidence is continually shifting as a result of interactions with peers, faculty, and others. Our analysis also indicates that academic confidence can impact student motivation and academic behaviors that are associated with success. Importantly, this paper identifies the nature of those experiences that positively reinforce student confidence, events that we term experiences of earned success. Finally, we describe ways to structure classroom and other on-campus environments to create opportunities for students to experience earned success and ultimately enhance their commitment to academic pursuits.
An Exploration of Tinto's Integration Framework for Community College Students
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
name: Hughes, Katherine Lee
name: O'Gara, Lauren
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Tinto's integration framework is often assumed to be inapplicable to the study of student persistence at community colleges because one of the linchpins of the framework—social integration—is considered unlikely to occur for students at these institutions. Community college students are thought to lack the time to participate in activities, such as clubs, that would facilitate social integration. Using in-depth interviews with students at two urban community colleges in the Northeast, we examine the ways that first-year community college students engage with their institutions. We find that the majority of them do develop attachments to their institutions. Moreover, this sense of attachment is related to their persistence in the second year of college. We also find that this integration is both academic and social. Contrary to findings from other studies that apply Tinto's framework, we find that these two forms of integration develop in concert for community college students. The same activities lead to both academic and social relatedness. This is particularly true for information networks that students develop in the classroom.
Business Process Outsourcing in the Philippines
Creators: name: Ashish Lall,
name: Alvin Lee,
name: Zsuzsanna Vari-Kovacs,
name: Stevenson Q Yu,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Philippines
business process outsourcing
technology
automation

description: The Philippines has over time developed a strong and adaptive economy amongst its Southeast Asian peers as demonstrated by its resilience during the global financial crisis of 2008. One industry that has grown increasingly important to the economy is the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector, which has grown to be fastest growing sector in the Philippines, second only to India on the world scale. BPO has been defined as the delegation of all or part of the technical, process and human resources.. Today, the BPO industry in Philippines may be categorized into six subsectors: voice BPO (or call centers), back-office BPO (mainly finance and accounting services), transcription (mainly medical and legal transcription services), animation, engineering services, and software and digital content (including game development).

This case study examines the factors in the growth of the BPO industry in the Philippines, focusing on the rise of the “next wave cities”, such as Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Metro Clark, facilitated by the availability of an educated and effective labour force as well as infrastructure and government commitment that has fostered growth in BPO. The key challenges the country faces to maintaining this remarkable industry is the development in communications technology, such as automation towards its less skilled jobs, building a more coherent tax policy that is business-friendly, as well as improvement in further developing talents and marketing of the Philippines as a premier BPO destination.

This is part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy – Microsoft Case Study Series on IT, Public Policy and Society.
"They Never Told Me What to Expect, So I Didn't Know What to Do": Defining and Clarifying the Role of a Community College Student
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
name: Bork, Rachel Julia Hare
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Increasing the number of young people who attain postsecondary credentials has become one of the primary educational objectives of the 2010s. While low college success rates are typically linked to students' lack of academic preparation for college and their subsequent need for developmental or remedial instruction, research suggests that even many students who are deemed "college-ready" by virtue of their placement test scores or completion of developmental coursework still do not earn a credential. This paper builds on previous work arguing that community college success is dependent not only upon academic preparation but also upon a host of important skills, attitudes, and behaviors that are often left unspoken. Drawing on role theory and on a qualitative study conducted at three community colleges, this paper aims to clarify the role of community college student and the components of that role that must be enacted for students to be successful. Using data from interviews at the study sites, we provide a concrete, actionable description of the community college student role. We also present a framework that practitioners can use to help students learn how to be successful community college students.
Harmonic analysis and the Riemann-Roch theorem
Creators: name: Osipov, D. V.
name: Parshin, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is a continuation of papers: arXiv:0707.1766 [math.AG] and arXiv:0912.1577 [math.AG]. Using the two-dimensional Poisson formulas from these papers and two-dimensional adelic theory we obtain the Riemann-Roch formula on a projective smooth algebraic surface over a finite field.
description: 7 pages; to appear in Doklady Mathematics
A Lay Perspective on the Copyright Wars: A Report from the Trenches of the Section 108 Study Group
Creators: name: Neal, James G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Copyright
Library science
Intellectual property

description: It is a deep honor to have been invited to deliver the Horace S. Manges Lecture this year. I value enormously the confidence of Professors Ginsburg and Besek to allow a Columbia colleague from the libraries to step up to the challenge of contributing a perspective on the debates around the current state and future development of copyright on the national and global stages. I employ the metaphors of conflict because I have been involved over a twenty-year period in the extraordinary battles that have come to define the high stakes for the legislative and legal treatment of copyright in an increasingly digital and networked world. I view this history and this present through the prism of a cultural, educational and scholarly organization, the library and archive, seeking to sustain and redefine its relevance and impact. I also observe through the lens of the university, an institution struggling to achieve a balance among its commitments teaching and learning, research and community service, in a financially and politically threatening environment. I have outlined four basic objectives. First, I will suggest a framework for understanding the heightened attention to copyright in the library and the university. Second, I will describe from my perspective the key developments in copyright that impinge on these interests. Third, I will frame my 108 Study Group experience in the context of these trends. Fourth, I will speculate on the future of copyright hostilities and recommend a strengthening of university and library political resolve and capabilities.
Containing Commercial Sex to designated red light areas - An idea past its prime?
Creators: name: Tan Shin Bin,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
commercial sex
prostitution
red light district
containment

description: In Singapore, the sale of sex is tolerated in selected spaces like Geylang, as part of a wider, pragmatic policy to contain prostitution. However, over the years, illegal prostitution activities seem to have expanded beyond the boundaries of designated red light districts, and into residential and commercial neighbourhoods like Joo Chiat and Duxton Hill—a phenomenon which points to the limits of governmental efforts to contain prostitution within clear geographical boundaries. How then, should policy makers address the problems that a pure strategy of containment seems ill-equipped to handle? To facilitate a discussion about Singapore’s policy towards prostitution, the case first provides a general description of the commercial sex market in Singapore, and more specific details about the evolution of Geylang, Joo Chiat and Duxton Hill. It then identifies some of the challenges and problems that have arisen from the current approach, and provides an overview of how other countries have sought to regulate the commercial sex industry.
"Causes" of homelessness: Understanding city- and individual-level data
Creators: name: O'Flaherty, Brendan Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Homelessness
Homelessness--Research

description: Studies of homelessness that use city-level observations get systematically different results from studies that use individual-level data. I explain why. The findings are consistent with a model of homelessness as a condition requiring a conjunction of unfortunate circumstances.
"Abstract" Understanding: The Relation between Language and Memory
Creators: name: Lebowitz, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1981
Subjects: Memory management (Computer science)
Database management
Electronic data processing

description: Natural language is primarily a tool of communication. This implies that whatever roles syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and world knowledge play in language understanding, the comprehension process must be driven by the need to understand the text or conversation, where understand means sufficiently relating the new information being conveyed to existing memories in order to remember the information and/or respond. The need for memory-driven text processing becomes especially clear during designed to read large the construction of a computer system numbers of texts and add them to a coherent memory. However, the recognition that information such as syntax and semantics play only a subsidiary role in text processing does not make understanding more difficult; rather, it makes it possible. A current natural language processing project underway at Columbia involves the creation of a computer program, known as RESEARCHER, that will read large numbers of technical abstracts, such as patent abstracts, and builds up a coherent memory based on the information obtained. This memory is then used in turn to help in the understanding process. RESEARCHER will use some of the same understanding principles as did IPP, a program that reads and remembers news stories [Lebowitz 80, Lebowitz 81]. One of the goals of RESEARCHER is to show that memory-based understanding techniques are as applicable to physical descriptions as to descriptions of events. In fact, due to the knowledge-intensive nature of technical descriptions, it is expected that the application of memory will be even more important in driving processing.
"Active Patients" in Rural African Health Care: Implications for Welfare, Policy and Privatization
Creators: name: Leonard, Kenneth L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Economics

description: The 'active patient' is introduced in this paper. She is the same person as the rational peasant that we have known for at least three decades. She is a rational agent seeking health care in an environment characterized by market failures (particularly agency in the supply of medical quality) and imperfect institutional responses to these failures. We show evidence that patients significantly increase their welfare by choosing between various different providers and matching their illnesses to the resources that are available at these different providers. This paper suggests that continuing to view patients as passive participants in the health care market gives way to misleading policy suggestions and may in fact reduce the welfare of patients.
A brief history of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence and an appraisal of the future of this endeavor
Creators: name: Bowyer, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea that credible searches for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (ETI) could be carried out were laid out in detail in the (now classic) paper by Morrison and Cocconi (1959). They suggested using the radio band for these searches. Since then radio searches have been carried out by over sixty different groups. No signals from ETI's have been identified. Most searches did not have high sensitivity and it is not surprising that ETI signals were not detected. It is important to note, however, that these efforts were instrumental in developing new technical capabilities and they helped generate wide interest in this field. In this paper I will briefly discuss the more sensitive searches that have been carried out and some of the other searches that are arguably quite innovative or have been influential in some other manner.
description: 5 pages including one table. Presented at SPIE Conf. 8152, San Diego, CA, Aug 24, 2011 (v1 was missing a section and section headings)
Where Local Kings Rule: Long-Term Impacts of Precolonial Institutions and Geography on Access to Public Infrastructure Services in Nigeria
Creators: name: Archibong, Belinda
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economic development--Political aspects
Decentralization in government
Public administration

description: Although previous works have discussed the benefits of precolonial centralization for development in Africa, the findings and the mechanisms provided do not explain the heterogeneity in access to public services of formerly centralized states. Using new survey data from Nigeria, I find a significant negative effect of centralization on access to certain public services in centralized regions whose leaders failed to comply with the autocratic federal regime, and whose jurisdictions were subsequently punished by underinvestment in these services, with lasting impacts till today. The results are robust to extensive controls and instrumenting for precolonial centralization with an ecological diversity index.
Troubled masculinity : exploring gender identity and risk-taking following the death of a friend
Creators: name: Creighton, Genevieve Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study investigates the ways in which young men cope with the loss of a male friend to an accidental death. Using critical social theory—including masculinities theory, Bourdieu’s theory of practice and Paechter’s gendered communities of practice as a guiding framework—the project looks at the differential ways that young men think about and reconstruct their masculine identity and future involvement in risk practices following their friend’s death. In addition to qualitative interviews, this study employs photo-elicitation, which serves to thicken participants’ narratives and capture the complexities of grief, masculinities and shared practices. Findings suggest that while socially dominant ideals of Western masculinities such as stoicism, invulnerability and instrumentality informed young men’s grief practices, there was diversity in the way that participants made meaning from the death of their friend and how it influenced their own orientation to the risk-taking practices that caused his death. This study found that young men’s habitus (socially acquired dispositions of mind and body), social space and primary community of practice were influential factors in movements away from, or continued adherence to these practices. Participants discussed the way that the presence of supportive individuals—particularly women—following their friend’s death facilitated a shift from a risk-orientated masculinity to one informed by responsibility and care for others. The photo-elicitation method used for this study underscored the usefulness of using arts-informed data collection methods to enrich a research conversation with young men. This research contributes to the body of scholarship on masculinities through an exploration of the nuanced constructions and expressions of gender after an experience of loss. Practically, it directs policy interventions toward a community-based approach underscoring the importance of understanding the unique masculine practices that exist at the local level.
Quark masses and mixings in the RS1 model with a condensing 4th generation
Creators: name: Hernandez, A. E. Carcamo
name: Dib, Claudio O.
name: H., Nicolás Neill
name: Zerwekh, Alfonso R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hierarchy of quark masses and mixings in a model based on a 5-dimensional spacetime with constant curvature of Randall-Sundrum type with two branes, where the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking is caused dynamically by the condensation of a 4th generation of quarks, due to underlying physics from the 5D bulk and the first KK gluons. We first study the hierarchy of quark masses and mixings that can be obtained from purely adjusting the profile localizations, finding that realistic masses are not reproduced unless non trivial hierarchies of underlying 4-fermion interactions from the bulk are included. Then we study global U(1) symmetries that can be imposed in order to obtain non-symmetric modified Fritzsch-like textures in the mass matrices that reproduce reasonably well quark masses and CKM mixings.
description: Minor changes. Version accepted for publication in JHEP
Disease and Gender Gaps in Human Capital Investment: Evidence from Niger's 1986 Meningitis Epidemic
Creators: name: Archibong, Belinda
name: Annan, Francis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Girls--Education
Educational attainment
Sex discrimination in education
Human capital
Health
Meningitis

description: This paper examines whether disease burdens, especially prevalent in the tropics, contribute significantly to widening gender gaps in educational attainments. We estimate the impact of sudden exposure to the 1986 meningitis epidemic in Niger on girls’ education relative to boys. Our results suggest that increases in meningitis cases during epidemic years significantly reduce years of education disproportionately for primary school-aged going girls in areas with higher meningitis exposure. There is no significant effect for boys in the same cohort and no effects of meningitis exposure for non-epidemic years. Our findings have broader implications for climate-induced disease effects on social inequality.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МАРКЕТИНГОВЫХ ПОДХОДОВ В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ
Creators: name: Назарова, Гулруҳ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье анализируются проблемы совершенствования маркетинговых подходов в деятельности фермерских хозяйств и пути их решения. В настоящее время фермеры вынуждены внедрять современные методы маркетинга для эффективного сбыта своей продукции и повышения ее конкурентоспособности. Однако многие фермы по-прежнему работают традиционными методами, что создает трудности при выводе их продукции на рынок. В статье рассматриваются основные маркетинговые проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются фермерские хозяйства, включая недостатки в анализе рынка, создании бренда, рекламе и стратегиях сбыта продукции. В нем также подчеркивается важность использования современных маркетинговых технологий, цифровых платформ и инновационных методов для решения этих проблем. Также даны практические рекомендации по улучшению маркетинговой деятельности фермерских хозяйств. Статья помогает фермерам научиться правильно анализировать рынок, эффективно продвигать свою продукцию и расширять доступ на рынки.
What determines the goals of healthcare financing in Singapore
Creators: name: Alisha Gill,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
healthcare financing policies
national healthcare expenditure

description: In early 2013, Singapore’s Finance and Health Ministers announced that the healthcare financing system was being reviewed with a view to having the government shoulder a larger share of healthcare costs. The government’s share of national health expenditure would increase from the current one third to 40 percent, or more. As part of this review, the Health Ministry would also study how insurance could be used to finance a greater portion of healthcare costs. To provide perspective, MediShield, the basic catastrophic insurance scheme administered by the government, had covered only one to two percent of the national healthcare expenditure between 2002 and 2011. What are the factors that drive healthcare financing policies in Singapore? And how could the healthcare financing system that was in place at the time of the Ministers’ announcements have been improved in a manner both politically feasible and fiscally sustainable?
Understanding How to Care about Indifference: A Multistep Approach to Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: Mele, Bria
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Parkinson's Disease
subject: Apathy
subject: Diagnosis
subject: Treatment
subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Mental Health

description: Background: Apathy is a complex and heterogeneous symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is present in 17 – 70% of persons with PD. Limited information is available on how to define, diagnose, and subsequently manage apathy in PD. Objectives: To firstly synthesize all available knowledge on apathy in PD to assess what is currently known and where gaps exist. Secondly, we aimed to assess barriers and facilitators to the use of this knowledge clinically. Methods: A scoping review based on literature from six databases and extensive grey literature search was completed, examining the diagnosis, treatment, and management of apathy in PD. In focus groups and interviews with stakeholders, we assessed barriers and facilitators to the use of this knowledge. Results: A large body of literature exists on apathy in PD, however key gaps limit the use of knowledge. Gaps include the lack of an accepted apathy definition and limited treatment options. Health care practitioners feel limited in their ability to diagnose apathy without validated screening–tools. Patients and caregivers identified awareness of apathy and planning their days as key facilitators to diagnosis and management. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of developing a broad understanding of available literature and the associated gaps, and the key role that stakeholders play in identifying where further research is required most. Our findings will aid in future research directed at the development of an apathy definition and management focused on non-pharmacological interventions.
X-ray activity phased with planet motion in HD 189733?
Creators: name: Pillitteri, I.
name: Guenther, H. M.
name: Wolk, S. J.
name: Kashyap, V.
name: Cohen, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the follow-up XMM-Newton observation of the planet-hosting star HD 189733 we obtained in April 2011. We observe a flare just after the secondary transit of the hot Jupiter. This event shares the same phase and many of the characteristics of the flare we observed in 2009. We suggest that a systematic interaction between planet and stellar magnetic fields when the planet passes close to active regions on the star can lead to periodic variability phased with planetary motion. By mean of high resolution X-ray spectroscopy with RGS we determine that the corona of this star is unusually dense.
description: accepted for publication on ApJL
Single crystal growth by self-flux method of the mixed valence gold halides Cs$_2$[Au$^{I}$X$_2$][Au$^{III}$X$_4$] (X=Br,I)
Creators: name: Riggs, Scott C.
name: Shapiro, M. C.
name: Corredor, F.
name: Geballe, T. H.
name: Fisher, I. R.
name: McCandless, Gregory T.
name: Chan, Julia Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High quality single crystals of Cs$_2$Au$_2$X$_6$ (X=Br,I) were grown using a ternary self-flux method. Structural refinements based on single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements show that both materials have a distorted perovskite structure belonging to the I4/mmm space group with full site occupancy. Transport measurements reveal a large bandgap of 550 $\pm$ 100 meV for Cs$_2$Au$_2$I$_6$ and 520 $\pm$ 80 meV for Cs$_2$Au$_2$Br$_6$. Initial attempts at chemical substitution are described.
Using finite element models under multiple loading conditions to improve the association between radius and tibia microarchitecture and prevalent osteoporotic vertebral fracture
Creators: name: George, Jacob Koshy
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Finite Element Analysis
subject: HR-pQCT
subject: fracture
subject: bone microarchitecture
subject: Radiology
subject: Engineering--Biomedical
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: Bone microarchitecture differences at the tibia and radius, measurable by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) exist between individuals with a prevalent vertebral fracture and healthy controls. As fracture is a result of mechanical failure, FE models of these sites in physiologically relevant loading conditions (compression, torsion, bending) may reveal insight into fracture pathogenesis uncaptured by microarchitecture. In this study, HR-pQCT scans at the tibia and radius were collected from post-menopausal women with prevalent vertebral fracture and healthy controls, from which microarchitecture and finite element outcomes (Pistoia failure load, apparent modulus) were calculated. At the tibia, a one standard deviation increase in compressive failure load was most strongly associated with fracture risk reduction (OR= 0.369, p=0.002), followed by compressive apparent modulus (OR= 0.473, p=0.010), torsion apparent modulus (OR= 0.493, p=0.023), and bending apparent modulus (OR=0.550, p=0.010). At the radius, failure load was the only FE outcome associated with fracture risk reduction (OR=0.534, p=0.023). None of the FE outcomes improved fracture discrimination compared to measures of bone microarchitecture. This study demonstrates the applicability of using FE under multiple loading conditions to evaluate bone structure changes related to osteoporotic fracture.
Non-ideal toilets in India: The Solution to Sanitation Woes or The Source of New Problems?
Creators: name: Aprajita Singh,
name: Ekroop Kaur,
name: Kashyap Shah,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: India
sanitation
toilets
water
sewerage system

description: In Bihar, India, a women-led urban sanitation project by an NGO provided thousands of women with access to privacy or a safe environment to relieve themselves. However, it also raised serious concerns about the nature of sanitation solutions (“soak pit”) being constructed, including safety norms and the contamination of ground water. This case examines a microcosm of the sanitation landscape and related cultural complexities in India, when policies have unintended potentially hazardous outcomes and result in competing goals.
Impact on Children and Families of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Preliminary Findings of the Coastal Population Impact Study
Creators: name: Abramson, David M.
name: Redlener, Irwin E.
name: Stehling-Ariza, Tasha
name: Sury, Jonathan
name: Banister, Akilah N.
name: Park, Yoon Soo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Disaster victims--Psychological aspects
Child disaster victims
BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion and Oil Spill (2010)
Disasters

description: Although the ruptured Deepwater Horizon oil well was capped on July 15, 2010, an estimated 3 to 5 million barrels of oil spilled in to the Gulf of Mexico over a three-month period. Several surveys prior to the capping of the well documented the concerns and immediate effects of the oil spill on coastal residents. One report by a team of LSU sociologists highlighted the anxiety caused by the oil spill - nearly 60% of the 925 coastal Louisiana residents interviewed said they were almost constantly worried by the oil spill. As the "acute phase" of the oil spill transitions to a longer-term "chronic phase," researchers at Columbia University's National Center for Disaster Preparedness, in collaboration with the Children's Health Fund and The Marist Poll, interviewed over 1,200 coastal residents in Louisiana and Mississippi, with a particular focus on the short- and potential long-term impact of the disaster on children. This study was informed by work the researchers have done post-Katrina as part of the Gulf Coast Child & Family Health Study, which has documented the enduring effects on impacted populations in the two states, particularly children.
Children’s Health after the Oil Spill: A Four-State Study Findings from the Gulf Coast Population Impact (GCPI) Project
Creators: name: Abramson, David M.
name: Peek, Lori Ann
name: Redlener, Irwin E.
name: Beedasy, Jaishree
name: Aguilar, Thomas
name: Sury, Jonathan
name: Banister, Akilah N.
name: May, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Disaster victims
Child disaster victims
BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion and Oil Spill (2010)
Disasters--Health aspects

description: In 2012, with funding from the Baton Rouge Area Foundation, the National Center for Disaster Preparedness (NCDP) at Columbia University, in partnership with the Children’s Health Fund, launched a four-state study in order (1) to identify communities of children in the coastal areas of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida who were adversely impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, (2) to explore the prevalence of physical and mental health effects among these children, and (3) to conduct a preliminary assessment of the health services available to these children and the potential for targeted interventions or health system enhancements. We identified fifteen communities with higher numbers of BP compensation claims submitted by individuals and by businesses, and which also had higher rates of oil washing up on their shores based upon monitoring data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Over a span of four and a half months, a field team of six interviewers and two field coordinators completed 1,437 face-to-face household surveys. The parents whom we interviewed reported considerable exposure to the oil spill as well as a number of physical and mental health problems among their children. Over half of the parents interviewed in these highly-impacted communities reported that their children had some type of oil spill-related exposure, whether it was through physical, environmental, or economic factors. One in every five parents said their children had direct contact with the oil; one in four reported smelling strong oil-related odors; and two of every five said their household had lost income or a job since the oil spill. A little over 40% of parents in these high-impact communities reported some type of health effect experienced by their children since the oil spill. 18.1% of the parents said their children had experienced breathing problems after the oil spill, 14.8% noted skin problems, 16.0% reported visual problems and 21.6% mentioned emotional or behavioral problems since the oil spill. In October 2012 our research team traveled to four communities to interview local officials and leaders and conduct in-depth parent focus groups. We selected the four communities based on the household data, where parents had reported significant health effects. Across the four communities, the team heard of significant issues related to children’s health and well-being.