cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Financialization of Food?
Creators: name: Bruno, Valentina G.
name: Buyuksahin, Bahattin
name: Robe, Michel A.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: Commodity-equity and cross-commodity return co-movements rose dramatically after the 2008 financial crisis. This development took place following what has been dubbed the “financialization” of commodity markets. We first document changes since 2000 in the intensity of speculative activity in grain and livestock futures. We then use a structural VAR model to establish the role of speculative activity in explaining the strength of co-movements between grain, livestock and equity returns. We find that speculative intensity does not in itself affect the extent to which grain markets move in sync with the stock market. Rather, pre-crisis, financial speculators’ futures positions facilitated the transmission of macroeconomic shocks into grain markets. Strikingly, in the post-crisis period, this transmission channel weakened to the point of statistical insignificance. The role of speculative activity is less evident in livestock markets, where only macroeconomic conditions have a statistically significant impact on return co-movements with equities.
description: Les corrélations entre les rendements des actions et des contrats sur matières premières agricoles, ainsi qu’entre les rendements de différents contrats sur divers produits agricoles, ont fortement augmenté après la crise financière de 2008. Cette hausse a eu lieu dans la foulée de ce qu’on a appelé la « financiarisation » des marchés des matières premières. Dans la présente étude, nous faisons d’abord le point sur l’évolution, depuis 2000, de l’intensité de l’activité spéculative sur les marchés à terme des grains et du bétail. Ensuite, à l’aide d’un modèle VAR structurel, nous examinons si la spéculation influence le degré de covariation des rendements entre les actions et les contrats sur les grains et le bétail. Nous montrons que l’intensité de cette activité n’a pas, en soi, d’incidence sur le degré avec lequel les marchés des grains et les marchés boursiers évoluent de manière parallèle. Au contraire, avant la crise, les positions à terme des spéculateurs financiers ont facilité la transmission des chocs macroéconomiques aux marchés des grains. Fait étonnant, dans l’après-crise, ce canal de transmission s’est affaibli au point de devenir négligeable sur le plan statistique. Nous observons que le rôle de l’activité spéculative est moins évident sur les marchés du bétail, où les conditions macroéconomiques sont le seul facteur dont l’influence sur la covariation des rendements des actions et des contrats sur le bétail est statistiquement significative.
Neue Literatur - Teil 3
Creators: name: Bego-Ghina, Benedikt
name: Bollen, Timo
name: Groth, Simon
name: Gussone, Monika
name: Kümper, Hiram
name: Rosendahl, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: In dieser Rubrik werden in jüngster Zeit erschienene Bücher vorgestellt. Die Auflösung der Autorenkürzel finden Sie am Ende des 3. Teils.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 2 (2020)
Magnetic Proximity Effect in a van der Waals Moiré Superlattice
Creators: name: Tong, Qingjun
name: Chen, Mingxing
name: Yao, Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetic proximity effect in van der Waals heterostructure formed by a monolayer semiconductor stacked on a 2D ferromagnet, where the lattice mismatch and twisting between the layers typically lead to the formation of moiré pattern. We find that the magnetic proximity effect arising from the spin dependent interlayer coupling depends sensitively on the interlayer atomic registry. Consequently, in the moiré pattern, the spatial variation of the atomic registry leads to a lateral modulation of magnetic proximity field. Such moiré modulated magnetic proximity effect manifests as a miniband spin splitting that strongly depends on the moiré periodicity which can be mechanically tuned by a relative twisting and/or strain between the layers. We also show, because of the moiré modulation on the interlayer distance, a perpendicular electric field can be used to control the miniband spin splitting. Our results suggest potential nanodevices where the moiré modulated magnetic proximity effect can lead to unique spin controllability.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Surface Kinetics and Generation of Different Terms in a Conservative Growth Equation
Creators: name: Ghaisas, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method based on the kinetics of adatoms on a growing surface under epitaxial growth at low temperature in (1+1) dimensions is proposed to obtain a closed form of local growth equation. It can be generalized to any growth problem as long as diffusion of adatoms govern the surface morphology. The method can be easily extended to higher dimensions. The kinetic processes contributing to various terms in the growth equation (GE) are identified from the analysis of in-plane and downward hops. In particular, processes corresponding to the (h -> -h) symmetry breaking term and curvature dependent term are discussed. Consequence of these terms on the stable and unstable transition in (1+1) dimensions is analyzed. In (2+1) dimensions it is shown that an additional (h -> -h) symmetry breaking term is generated due to the in-plane curvature associated with the mound like structures. This term is independent of any diffusion barrier differences between in-plane and out of-plane migration. It is argued that terms generated in the presence of downward hops are the relevant terms in a GE. Growth equation in the closed form is obtained for various growth models introduced to capture most of the processes in experimental Molecular Beam Epitaxial growth. Effect of dissociation is also considered and is seen to have stabilizing effect on the growth. It is shown that for uphill current the GE approach fails to describe the growth since a given GE is not valid over the entire substrate.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Optical measurement of microscopic torques
Creators: name: Nieminen, T. A.
name: Heckenberg, N. R.
name: Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years there has been an explosive development of interest in the measurement of forces at the microscopic level, such as within living cells, as well as the properties of fluids and suspensions on this scale, using optically trapped particles as probes. The next step would be to measure torques and associated rotational motion. This would allow measurement on very small scales since no translational motion is needed. It could also provide an absolute measurement of the forces holding a stationary non-rotating particle in place. The laser-induced torque acting on an optically trapped microscopic birefringent particle can be used for these measurements. Here we present a new method for simple, robust, accurate, simultaneous measurement of the rotation speed of a laser trapped birefringent particle, and the optical torque acting on it, by measuring the change in angular momentum of the light from passing through the particle. This method does not depend on the size or shape of the particle or the laser beam geometry, nor does it depend on the properties of the surrounding medium. This could allow accurate measurement of viscosity on a microscopic scale.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Neue Literatur - Teil 2
Creators: name: Brosig, Jonas
name: Gussone, Monika
name: Jüttemann, Georg
name: Kümper, Hiram
name: Meeus, Alexander
name: Schrör, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: In dieser Rubrik werden in jüngster Zeit erschienene Bücher vorgestellt. Die Auflösung der Autorenkürzel finden Sie am Ende des 3. Teils.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 2 (2020)
Food price volatility in developing countries and its determinants
Creators: name: Kornher, Lukas
name: Kalkuhl, Matthias
name: Kornher, Lukas
name: Kalkuhl, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Determinants of food price volatility
subject: public buffer stock
subject: competitive storage
subject: system GMM

description: The work at hand contributes to the ongoing discussion on the drivers of food price volatility. Based on theoretical considerations, economical, agricultural, and political determinants of domestic price volatility are identified and discussed. A dynamic panel is estimated to account for country fixed effects and persistence of volatility. Two approaches are followed in order to consistently estimate the impact of time-invariant variables. First, system GMM using levels instead of first differences and, second, a two step IV estimation using the residuals from the system GMM estimation. Findings suggest that stocks, production, international price volatility, and governance significantly affect domestic price variability. Furthermore, improved functionality of markets and reduced transaction costs can stabilise prices. With respect to agricultural policies, public stockholding seems to be associated with less volatility, whereas trade restrictions do not enhance price stabilisation. Lastly, landlocked countries experience less variability in grain prices, while African countries have more volatile prices than countries on other continents.
title: Financial Development and the Volatility of Income
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Tiago
name: Rivadeneyra, Francisco
name: Teignier, Marc
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: This paper presents a general equilibrium model with endogenous collateral constraints to study the relationship between financial development and business cycle fluctuations in a cross-section of economies with different sizes of their financial sector. The financial sector can amplify or dampen the volatility of income by increasing or reducing the business cycle effects of technological shocks. We find a non-monotonic relationship between the volatility of income and financial development measured by total borrowing and lending. A more developed financial system unambiguously increases the income level however the volatility can rise or fall depending on the degree of financial development.
description: Au moyen d’un modèle d’équilibre général qui intègre des contraintes d’emprunt endogènes liées à la valeur des garanties, les auteurs étudient, à partir d’un échantillon représentatif de pays aux secteurs financiers de taille différente, la relation entre le degré de développement financier d’un pays et les variations de son cycle économique. Le secteur financier peut accentuer ou modérer la volatilité des revenus en amplifiant ou en réduisant les effets des chocs technologiques sur les cycles économiques. Les auteurs font ressortir une relation non monotone entre la volatilité des revenus et le degré de développement du système financier mesuré par le volume des prêts. Sans contredit, le niveau des revenus s’accroît dans les pays au système financier plus développé; la volatilité peut, par contre, augmenter ou diminuer selon le degré de développement financier.
Emergent chiral spin ordering and anomalous Hall effect of kagome lattice at 1/3 filling
Creators: name: Kim, Hee Seung
name: Mishra, Archana
name: Lee, SungBin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of electronic and magnetic properties of kagome lattice has been an active research area searching for topological phases of matters. In particular, the kagome system with transition metal stannides and etc exhibit interesting anomalous Hall effects driven by ferromagnetic or non-collinear magnetic ordering. In this paper, motivated by these pioneer works, we study strongly correlated spin-orbit coupled electrons in kagome lattice at 1/3 filling. Using both Hartree-Fock approach and effective model analysis, we report quantum phase transitions accompanied with distinct charge and magnetic ordered phases. Especially, for strongly interacting limit, we discover new types of 1(2)-pinned metallic states which are understood by effective localized electron models. Furthermore, when spin-orbit coupling is present, it turns out that such pinned metallic states open a wide region of Chern insulating phase with chiral spin ordering. Thus, quantum anomalous Hall effect is expected with emergent scalar spin chirality. Our theory provides a theoretical platform of strongly interacting kagome metal which is applicable to transition metal stannides.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Dryland Pastoral Systems in Transition: What are the Options for Institutional Change in Uzbekistan?
Creators: name: Shaumarov, Makhmud
name: Birner, Regina
name: Shaumarov, Makhmud
name: Birner, Regina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Agricultural research
subject: Grounded Theory
subject: Pastoral degradation
subject: Political economy
subject: Transition reforms in Uzbekistan

description: Within the last two decades, 40% of rangelands in Uzbekistan have been taken out of use due to non-functioning water facilities and pasture degradation. A retrospective study of rangeland production system development in the former Soviet Union (FSU) shows that the pasture land was used more productively, socio-economic benefits were created in rural areas, and land degradation was effectively addressed. Considering that pasture lands are a common-pool resource, which – following the current discourse – might be best used by local communities, the question arises as to how the highly centralized Soviet system was able to achieve a very productive use. The historical analysis presented in this paper shows that this was achieved by means of (a) making intensive use of agricultural research on the one hand, and (b) setting-up an effective institutional structure, on the other. This paper aims at highlighting the role of agricultural research as well as institutional mechanism that allowed Soviets to manage common-pool resources productively, taking into account the political incentives to make such a system work. The paper also asks the question why lessons from the past were not derived to move the current transition reforms for the pastoral system in a direction that allows for a sustainable and productive use of this system. To better understand the current trends of change in dryland pastoral systems in a broader context of institutional reform, the current transition reforms and potential institutional options are discussed from a political economy perspective. Based on this approach, alternative options are derived for the further development of the rangeland production systems.
Leading-logarithmic threshold resummation of Higgs production in gluon fusion at next-to-leading power
Creators: name: Beneke, Martin
name: Garny, Mathias
name: Jaskiewicz, Sebastian
name: Szafron, Robert
name: Vernazza, Leonardo
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We sum the leading logarithms $α_s^n \ln^{2 n-1}(1-z)$, n=1,2,... near the kinematic threshold $z=m_H^2/\hat{s}\to 1$ at next-to-leading power in the expansion in (1-z) for Higgs production in gluon fusion. We highlight the new contributions compared to Drell-Yan production in quark-antiquark annihilation and show that the final result can be obtained to all orders by the substitution of the colour factor $C_F\to C_A$, confirming previous fixed-order results and conjectures. We also provide a numerical analysis of the next-to-leading power leading logarithms, which indicates that they are numerically relevant.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, and 2 tables
Neue Literatur - Teil 1
Creators: name: Bollen, Timo
name: Brosig, Jonas
name: Gussone, Monika
name: Keßler, Kira
name: Kümper, Hiram
name: London, Christoph
name: Mann, Christian
name: Meaker, Melanie
name: Nicklas, Thomas
name: Oberländer, Lea
name: Rosendahl, Wilfried
name: Sambaß, Maike
name: Sigelen, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: In dieser Rubrik werden in jüngster Zeit erschienene Bücher vorgestellt. Die Auflösung der Autorenkürzel finden Sie am Ende des 3. Teils.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 2 (2020)
Young stars and their circumstellar disks in the Sigma Orionis cluster
Creators: name: Oliveira, J. M.
name: Jeffries, R. D.
name: van Loon, J. Th.
name: Kenyon, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sigma Orionis cluster is a young association evolving under the disruptive influence of its massive O-star namesake. We are analysing this cluster as part of a program to characterise the influence of O-stars on the early stages of stellar evolution. At an age of approximately 4 Myr, this cluster is at a crucial stage in terms of disk evolution and therefore it is a key case to better constrain disk dissipation timescales. We have obtained RI photometry and optical spectroscopy of the sigma Ori cluster; we have analysed the Li I and Na I features to establish cluster membership. We have thus gathered a unique sample of spectroscopically confirmed low-mass cluster members and brown dwarfs. Disk frequencies from K-band excesses from 2MASS suggest that less than 7% of the very low-mass sigma Ori members have disks, in stark contrast with even younger clusters (e.g. Trapezium). However, near-infrared disk frequencies have to be taken with caution. We are currently undertaking an L-band (imaging) and mid-infrared (imaging and spectroscopy) program to identify and probe the properties of circumstellar disks around young stars in this cluster. Preliminary results indicate that at least 30% of cluster members have circumstellar disks.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, to appear in conference proceedings of Open Issues in Local Star formation and Early Stellar Evolution
RESPECT FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE LIGHT OF CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
Creators: name: ISABELA MOREIRA DO N. DOMINGOS
name: LUIZ HENRIQUE SANTOS DA CRUZ
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: O direito internacional sofreu diversas influências dos processos hegemônicos de exploração econômica de países tidos como não civilizados. No presente, a denominação terminológica foi alterada para nações “desenvolvidas” e “subdesenvolvidas”, esta última carrega as cicatrizes do domínio colonial e imperial. Os indivíduos mais afetados em razão dessa assimetria nas relações de poder são os que habitam em países de Terceiro Mundo, seja pela ineficiência da gestão governamental na promoção de direitos básicos como saúde, educação moradia e emprego, como a proliferação de multinacionais para a exploração de recursos naturais. [...]
Forschung, Lehre und 'Third Mission'
Creators: name: Geulen, Christian
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Prof. Dr. Christian Geulen sprach anlässlich der Plenarversammlung des Philosophischen Fakultätentages am 28. November 2019 in Koblenz über die vermeintlich neue Wissensvermittlung via 'Third Mission'. Den gesamten Vortrag finden Sie hier bei uns in der ZEITARBEIT.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 2 (2020)
An independent analysis of the Spitzer/IRAC phase curves of WASP43 b
Creators: name: Morello, Giuseppe
name: Danielski, Camilla
name: Dicken, Daniel
name: Tremblin, Pascal
name: Lagage, Pierre-Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a reanalysis of the Spitzer Space Telescope phase curves of the hot Jupiter WASP43 b, using the wavelet pixel-Independent Component Analysis, a blind signal-source separation method. The data analyzed were recorded with the InfraRed Array Camera and consisted of two visits at 3.6 $μ$m, and one visit at 4.5 $μ$m, each visit covering one transit and two eclipse events. To test the robustness of our technique we repeated the analysis on smaller portions of the phase curves, and by employing different instrument ramp models. Our reanalysis presents significant updates of the planetary parameters compared to those reported in the original phase curve study of WASP43 b. In particular, we found (1) higher nightside temperatures, (2) smaller hotspot offsets, (3) a greater consistency ($\sim$1 $σ$) between the two 3.6~$μ$m visits, and (4) a greater similarity with the predictions of the atmospheric circulation models. Our parameter results are consistent within 1 $σ$ with those reported by a recent reanalysis of the same data sets. For each visit we studied the variation of the retrieved transit parameters as a function of various sets of stellar limb-darkening coefficients, finding significant degeneracy between the limb-darkening models and the analysis output. Furthermore, we performed the analysis of the single transit and eclipse events, and we examined the differences between these results with the ones obtained with the whole phase curve. Finally we provide a formula useful to optimize the trade-off between precision and duration of observations of transiting exoplanets.
description: published on AJ
Dulaglutide: a review in type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Scott, Lesley J.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Compliance with Ethical Standards Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Conflicts of interest Lesley Scott is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here
Abstract
 Subcutaneous dulaglutide is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that is approved in numerous countries as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the clinical trial and real-world settings, once-weekly subcutaneous dulaglutide, as monotherapy or add-on therapy to other antihyperglycaemic drugs (including oral antihyperglycaemic drugs and insulin), was an effective and generally well tolerated treatment in adults with inadequately controlled T2D, including in high-risk patients [e.g. obese and elderly patients, those with stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or cardiovascular (CV) disease]. In the REWIND CV outcomes trial in patients with T2D with or without CV disease, dulaglutide was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE; primary composite outcome comprising CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke) at a median of 5.4 years’ follow-up. Given its durable glycaemic efficacy, beneficial effects on bodyweight and MACE outcomes, low inherent risk of hypoglycaemia and convenient once-weekly regimen, dulaglutide remains an important option in the management of T2D.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Magnetization distribution in the transverse Ising chain with energy flux
Creators: name: Eisler, V.
name: Racz, Z.
name: van Wijland, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zero-temperature transverse Ising chain carrying an energy flux j_E is studied with the aim of determining the nonequilibrium distribution functions, P(M_z) and P(M_x), of its transverse and longitudinal magnetizations, respectively. An exact calculation reveals that P(M_z) is a Gaussian both at j_E=0 and j_E not equal 0, and the width of the distribution decreases with increasing energy flux. The distribution of the order-parameter fluctuations, P(M_x), is evaluated numerically for spin-chains of up to 20 spins. For the equilibrium case (j_E=0), we find the expected Gaussian fluctuations away from the critical point while the critical order-parameter fluctuations are shown to be non-gaussian with a scaling function Phi(x)=Phi(M_x/)=P(M_x) strongly dependent on the boundary conditions. When j_E not equal 0, the system displays long-range, oscillating correlations but P(M_x) is a Gaussian nevertheless, and the width of the Gaussian decreases with increasing j_E. In particular, we find that, at critical transverse field, the width has a j_E^(-3/8) asymptotic in the j_E -> 0 limit.
description: 8 pages, 5 ps figures
Additional file 5 of High-efficiency procedure to characterize, segment, and quantify complex multicellularity in raw micrographs in plants
Creators: name: Zhang, Xi
name: Hu, Zijian
name: Guo, Yayu
name: Shan, Xiaoyi
name: Li, Xiaojuan
name: Lin, Jinxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 5: Table S2. Attention items in this procedure.
title: Unemployment Fluctuations in a Small Open-Economy Model with Segmented Labour Markets: The Case of Canada
Creators: name: Zhang, Yahong
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: The recent financial crisis and subsequent recession have spurred great interest in the sources of unemployment fluctuations. Previous studies predominantly assume a single economy-wide labour market, and therefore abstract from differences across sector-specific labour markets in the economy. In Canada, such differences are substantial. From 1991 to 2010, employment in the tradable sector is almost three times as volatile as that in the non-tradable sector, and wages are about twice as volatile. To capture the labour market differences at the sectoral level, I introduce a segmented labour market structure to a medium-scale dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium model with financial and labour market frictions and estimate the model using Canadian data from 1991 to 2010. I find that, in the long run, unemployment fluctuations are mainly driven by the shocks to firms’ net worth and production technology in the non-tradable sector and the shocks to the foreign interest rate. In the short run, however, it is the shocks to firms’ net worth in the tradable sector that account for about 50 per cent of unemployment fluctuations. I also find that inclusion of the recent financial crisis data in the estimation is crucial for assessing the effects of the financial wealth shocks.
description: La récente crise financière et la récession qui l’a succédé ont suscité beaucoup d’intérêt à l’égard des sources de fluctuation du chômage. La majeure partie des recherches menées par le passé sont fondées sur l’existence d’un seul marché du travail pour l’ensemble de l’économie et, par conséquent, font abstraction des différences sectorielles entre les marchés du travail. Or, au Canada, ces différences sont importantes. Pour la période allant de 1991 à 2010, la volatilité de l’emploi dans le secteur des biens échangeables a été presque trois fois plus élevée, et la volatilité des salaires, environ deux fois plus grande, que dans le secteur des biens non échangeables. Dans le but de cerner ces différences sectorielles, l’auteure introduit une structure de marché segmentée dans un modèle d’équilibre général dynamique et stochastique de taille moyenne intégrant des frictions financières et un marché du travail soumis à des frictions. Le modèle est estimé au moyen de données canadiennes s’étalant de 1991 à 2010. L’auteure constate qu’à long terme, les fluctuations du chômage sont principalement attribuables aux chocs qui touchent la valeur nette des entreprises et les techniques de production dans le secteur des biens non échangeables, mais aussi aux chocs relatifs aux taux d’intérêt à l’étranger. À court terme, toutefois, les chocs modifiant la valeur nette des entreprises du secteur des biens échangeables rendent compte d’environ 50 % des fluctuations du chômage. L’auteure note également que l’inclusion des données liées à la récente crise financière dans l’estimation s’avère essentielle pour évaluer l’incidence des chocs de richesse financière.
Export Restrictions and Multiple Spatial Price Equilibria: Export Quotas for Wheat in Ukraine
Creators: name: Götz, Linde
name: Qiu, Feng
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Götz, Linde
name: Qiu, Feng
name: Gervais, Jean-Philippe
name: Glauben, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: Food crisis
subject: Price transmission
subject: Ukraine
subject: export controls

description: Relatively few models exist that allow for regime-dependent spatial price equilibria. This paper focuses on temporary export restrictions during international commodity price peaks. Theory suggests that export restrictions have price insulating effects and lead to multiple spatial equilibria between domestic and world market prices. Our analysis is unique in that it tests for linear versus non-linear cointegration within a smooth transition cointegration model. Applying this model to the wheat export quota in Ukraine shows that the domestic wheat price was stabilised approximately 30% below the international wheat price during the two recent price spikes. From a global point of view, the domestic wheat price in Ukraine would have increased to the same degree if no country had engaged in price insulating behaviour worldwide from 2006 to 2008.
title: Central Bank Communications Before, During and After the Crisis: From Open-Market Operations to Open-Mouth Policy
Creators: name: Vayid, Ianthi
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: The days when secrecy and opacity were the bywords of central banking are gone. The advent of inflation targeting in the early 1990s acted as the catalyst for enhanced transparency and communications in the conduct of monetary policy. In the wake of the 2007-09 global financial crisis, this trend accelerated, resulting in further striking advances in monetary policy and financial stability communications, including markedly the emergence of extraordinary forward guidance as a distinct policy tool under unconventional monetary policies.

Drawing on the record to-date at major central banks, as well as on a growing body of related academic literature, this paper reviews the history and effectiveness of central bank communications before and especially since the crisis. It also highlights some of the challenges facing central banks, particularly those that have engaged heavily in unconventional monetary policies to support their economies since the crisis. Steering deftly a course back to normality will depend crucially on their ability to communicate effectively a credible strategy for an orderly exit from such policies. In this context, clear, deliberate, coordinated messages that are anchored in their mandate are of the essence.
description: L’époque où les banques centrales agissaient en secret et dans l’opacité est révolue. L’adoption de cibles d’inflation au début des années 1990 a eu pour effet d’accroître la transparence et l’importance des communications dans la conduite de la politique monétaire. Au lendemain de la crise financière mondiale survenue en 2007-2009, cette tendance s’est accélérée, donnant lieu à d’autres avancées remarquables dans le domaine des communications relatives à la politique monétaire et à la stabilité financière, notamment à l’apparition d’un nouvel outil dans la panoplie des politiques monétaires non traditionnelles, à savoir la communication d'indications prospectives extraordinaires.

En s’inspirant du chemin parcouru jusqu’ici par les grandes banques centrales et du nombre grandissant de travaux sur le sujet, la présente étude examine l’histoire et l’efficacité des communications des banques centrales avant la crise et surtout depuis celle-ci. Elle met aussi en lumière certains des défis auxquels sont confrontées les banques centrales, en particulier celles qui ont fait largement appel à des mesures de politique monétaire non traditionnelles pour soutenir l’économie depuis la crise. Un retour à la normale réussi ne sera possible que si les banques centrales parviennent à communiquer efficacement une stratégie crédible de retrait ordonné des mesures exceptionnelles mises en oeuvre. Dans ce contexte, des messages limpides, diffusés de manière délibérée et coordonnée et s’inscrivant clairement dans le mandat des banques centrales sont essentiels.
A New Method for Target Selection in Direct Imaging Programs with COPAINS
Creators: name: C., Fontanive
name: K., Muzic
name: M., Bonavita
name: B, Biller
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present COPAINS (Code for Orbital Parametrisation of Astrometrically Inferred New Systems), an innovative tool developed to identify previously undiscovered companions detectable via direct imaging, based on changes in stellar proper motions across multiple astrometric catalogues. This powerful procedure allows for dynamical predictions of the possible masses and separations of unseen companions compatible with observed astrometric trends, marginalised over unknown orbital elements. Validating our approach using well-constrained systems, we found that our tool provides a good indication of the region of the parameter space where undetected secondaries may be located. Comparing the output of the code to the measured or expected sensitivity from various imaging instruments, this in turn enables us to robustly select the most promising targets for direct imaging campaigns searching for low-mass companions. Such an informed selection method promises to reduce the null detection rates from current programs and will significantly increase the current census of wide brown dwarfs and planetary companions to stars, which remain extremely rare in the surveys conducted so far.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: High-Frequency Real Economic Activity Indicator for Canada
Creators: name: Kumar, Gitanjali
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2013

description: I construct a weekly measure of real economic activity in Canada. Based on the work of Aruoba et al. (2009), the indicator is extracted as an unobserved component underlying the co-movement of four monthly observed real macroeconomic variables - employment, manufacturing sales, retail sales and GDP. The indicator has a number of applications in macroeconomics and finance - it can be used to measure macroeconomic news, to quantify the impact of news on financial asset prices, to study exchange rate movements and as an input in nowcasting and forecasting exercises.
description: L’auteur construit un indicateur hebdomadaire de l’activité économique réelle au Canada, inspiré de l’étude d’Aruoba et autres (2009). Cet indicateur représente une composante inobservable qui sous-tend l’évolution conjointe de quatre variables macroéconomiques observées à une fréquence mensuelle, à savoir l’emploi, les ventes manufacturières, les ventes au détail et le PIB. L’indicateur a de multiples applications en macroéconomie et en finance : il peut servir à mesurer l’effet d’annonces macroéconomiques inattendues, en particulier à quantifier leur incidence sur les prix des actifs financiers, à étudier les variations du taux de change, ou encore, à appuyer des prévisions pour la période en cours ou d’autres horizons.
Medien der Weltbeschreibung im 16. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Breittruck, Julia
name: Schmieder, Felicitas
Publisher: name: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Der Artikel befasst sich mit Weltkarten des 16. Jahrhunderts. Im ersten Teil wird die Frage nach der Epochengrenze um 1500 gestellt und sodann auf die Einflüsse von Kartentraditionen und fernfahrerischen Erfahrungen sowie im Besonderen von Projektionsmethoden auf die Darstellung der Welt in Karten und Globen eingegangen. Im zweiten Teil geht es um Zugänge der jüngeren Forschung zur Kartographiegeschichte und um digitale Möglichkeiten des forschenden Lernens.
description: Zeitarbeit: Aus- und Weiterbildungszeitschrift für die Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 2 (2020)
Modelling and valuing ecosystem goods and services of multifunctional landscapes using GIS and remote sensing
Creators: name: Klug, Herman
name: Jenewein, Petra
name: Klug, Herman
name: Jenewein, Petra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: ecosystem goods and services
subject: environmental eccounting
subject: environmental economics
subject: GIS
subject: remote sensing
subject: spatial planning
subject: rural development

description: Landscape change today is occurring more rapidly than in any other time in history. Among other influences such as global warming these changes are also driven by political decisions affecting ecosystem services. The overall research objective is to defi ne how the European Union’s political strategies implemented through rural development programmes and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) are infl uencing or changing ecosystem goods and services in the future. This contribution aims at outlining the research framework and especially focuses on a ground rent approach to model the spatially explicit distribution of subsidy cash fl ows on farm and parcel level. Experiments with changing political strategies and incentive payments were carried out in the Mondsee catchment (Austria) using GIS and remote sensing for facilitation. The results were visualised and show the dominant (inter-)national and regional funding programmes of this area. They further display the likely effects of changing political strategies on the monetary value of certain parcels and the overall farmparcel balance. The validation of an aggregated set of funding measures reveals 15% deviation between the model framework and real subsidy payments. Thus, this model is suitable for estimating the impact of changed funding strategies at EU level and also supports farmers in indentifying the best economic income sources on parcel and farm level. Embedded in the overall research objective, the results constitute the basis for opening a discussion on how ecosystem services might change with political intervention strategies in rural areas and resulting landscape changes in the future.
Towards a sensitive search for variation of the fine structure constant using radio-frequency E1 transitions in atomic dysprosium
Creators: name: Nguyen, A. T.
name: Budker, D.
name: Lamoreaux, S. K.
name: Torgerson, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that the radio-frequency electric-dipole (E1) transition between two nearly degenerate opposite-parity states in atomic dysprosium should be highly sensitive to possible temporal variation of the fine structure constant ($α$) [V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, and J. K. Webb, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 59}, 230 (1999)]. We analyze here an experimental realization of the proposed search in progress in our laboratory, which involves monitoring the E1 transition frequency over a period of time using direct frequency counting techniques. We estimate that a statistical sensitivity of $|\adota| \sim 10^{-18}$/yr may be achieved and discuss possible systematic effects that may limit such a measurement.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Speeding up reinforcement learning by combining attention and agency features
Creators: name: Demirel, Berkay
name: Sánchez-Fibla, Martí
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When playing video-games we immediately detect which entity we control and we center the attention towards it to focus the learning and reduce its dimensionality. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been able to deal with big state spaces, including states derived from pixel images in Atari games, but the learning is slow, depends on the brute force mapping from the global state to the action values (Q-function), thus its performance is severely affected by the dimensionality of the state and cannot be transferred to other games or other parts of the same game. We propose different transformations of the input state that combine attention and agency detection mechanisms which both have been addressed separately in RL but not together to our knowledge. We propose and benchmark different architectures including both global and local agency centered versions of the state and also including summaries of the surroundings. Results suggest that even a redundant global-local state network can learn faster than the global alone. Summarized versions of the state look promising to achieve input-size independence learning.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, Paper appeared in CCIA 2019
Front matter
Creators: name: Fung, Calvin
name: Mastrantoni, Giulia
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200599 Literary Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Issue thirty-eight of Colloquy: Text, Theory, Critique is the second issue of 2019, a special issue on the theme of “narrative.” We would like to acknowledge the contribution of outgoing editor-in-chief, Matilda Grogan, who was an integral part of the conception of the special issue and its theme. We welcome some new members into our editorial team and would like to thank them for their hard work on this issue.
Discovery of a dust cloud next to sigma Orionis
Creators: name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
name: Oliveira, Joana M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery of a mid-infrared source at a projected distance of only 1200 AU from the O9.5 V star sigma Orionis. The spatially resolved, fan-shaped morphology and the presence of an ionization front, as well as evidence in the spectrum for processed dust grains, all suggest that it is a proto-planetary disk being dispersed by the intense ultraviolet radiation from sigma Orionis. We compute the mass budget and the photo-evaporation timescale, and discuss the possible nature of this remarkable object.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters: 4 pages, 3 figures
Roton-maxon spectrum and stability of trapped dipolar condensates
Creators: name: Santos, L.
name: Shlyapnikov, G. V.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that pancake dipolar condensates can exhibit a roton-maxon character of the excitation spectrum, so far only observed in superfluid helium. We also obtain a condition for the dynamical stability of these condensates. The spectrum and the border of instability are tunable by varying the particle density and/or the confining potential. This opens wide possibilities for manipulating the superfluid properties of dipolar condensates.
description: 4 pages, 2 ps figures
Rural tourism: an opportunity for the development of rural areas in Poland?
Creators: name: Baum, Sabine
name: Gramzow, Andreas
name: Baum, Sabine
name: Gramzow, Andreas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: rural tourism
subject: rural development
subject: Poland
subject: LEADER
subject: local partnerships

description: Rural tourism – and particularly agrotourism, which has a high share in rural tourist offers – is an intensely discussed and politically supported issue in Poland. This paper critically examines the role of tourism in the development of rural areas. A literature review reveals seven success factors, whose existence or development is the precondition to develop rural tourism effectively in a region: 1) natural and cultural resources, 2) tourist and general infrastructure and services, 3) professional marketing, 4) cooperation, participation and effi cient organisation, 5) human resources, 6) fi nancial resources and technical assistance, 7) conditions of demand. The analysis of these success factors in rural regions of Poland using secondary data and literature shows both opportunities and barriers to a rural tourism development. Major opportunities are the existing natural resources in many areas and the good general outlook for the Polish tourism. In contrast, the defi ciency of the tourist and general infrastructure in many rural areas, the weak marketing, the negative international image of Poland, the insuffi cient coordination and cooperation in tourism, the shortage of skilled labour and entrepreneurial skills, and the poor fi nancial resources of public authorities and private enterprises hamper the development of rural tourism in Poland. Two cases studies carried out in the summer of 2005 – in the rural communes Bałtów in Southeast Poland and Dębrzno in Northwest Poland – emphasize the signifi cance of people‘s own initiative and partnerships in developing tourism and overcoming bottlenecks. Finally, even though rural tourism is not a panacea for the structural problems of rural areas in Poland, it could be developed in far more areas in different dimensions and forms depending on the resources provided that the regions succeed in addressing the barriers.