cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neutral effect of nitrogen addition and negative effect of precipitation reduction on the soil faunal community in a temperate forest
Creators: name: Xing, Yajuan
name: Wang, Honglin
name: Yan, Guoyong
name: Liu, Guancheng
name: Huang, Binbin
name: Fu, Yulei
name: Wang, Qinggui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Nitrogen deposition can promote belowground soil carbon pools, and precipitation reduction can eliminate this positive effect. Soil fauna play crucial roles in regulating the dynamics of organic matter and maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems. However, it is not clear whether belowground soil fauna have similar responses to changes after long-term nitrogen deposition and drought. We simulated nitrogen deposition by applying fertilizer, and simulated drought by excluding 30% of the ambient precipitation in a temperate forest from 2009. Our results showed that experimental precipitation reduction alone significantly changed the composition and decreased the abundance of the soil faunal community. Precipitation reduction could also promote the soil food web in a fungal-dominated pathway by decreasing trophic groups of Isotomidae abundance. In contrast, although nitrogen addition treatment increased soil available nitrogen content, it had a neutral effect on the soil faunal community. Soil faunal community showed strong temporal variations in response to both nitrogen deposition and precipitation reduction treatments. Notably, interactions between precipitation reduction, nitrogen addition, and sampling time were significant for specific trophic groups, including saprozoites and omnivores. Shannon-Weiner diversity was not sensitive to these global change factors. Our results suggest that soil water content and plant richness may, directly and indirectly, regulate the soil faunal community.
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) asticus El-Banhawy & Abou-Awad
Creators: name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Zannou, Ignace D.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal R.
name: Hanna, Rachid
name: Yaninek, John S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus asticus

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) asticus El-Banhawy & Abou-Awad
 Typhlodromus asticus El-Banhawy & Abou-Awad, 1991: 217.
 Amblydromella (Amblydromella) asticus, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 307.
 Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) asticus, Moraes et al., 2004: 310; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 152.
 Remarks. Female with idiosomal setal pattern 12A:8A/JV:ZV; dorsal shield mostly smooth, with anterolateral striae; dorsal setae smooth and sharp-tipped, except Z5, serrate; setae r3 and R1 inserted on integument; seta ST3 inserted on sternal shield; posterior margin of sternal shield with a median lobe; ventrianal shield pentagonal and reticulate, with 4 pairs of pre-anal setae (seta JV3 present); calyx of spermatheca saccular; peritreme extending anteriorly to level of j1; with a macroseta on basitarsus of leg IV. Described from specimens collected at Arusha, Tanzania, on unspecified substrate. No additional specimens were collected in the present study.
 World distribution. Tanzania.
description: Published as part of Ueckermann, Edward A., Zannou, Ignace D., De Moraes, Gilberto J., Oliveira, Anibal R., Hanna, Rachid & Yaninek, John S., 2008, Phytoseiid mites of the tribe Typhlodromini (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1901 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1901.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134045
Electroweak boson production at large transverse momentum in double polarized $pp$ scattering at next-to-leading order accuracy
Creators: name: de Florian, Daniel
name: Pedron, Iván
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the next-to-leading order corrections to the cross section for the production of electroweak gauge bosons ($Z$, $W^\pm$ and $γ^*$) with large transverse momentum in double (longitudinally) polarized hadronic collisions. The calculation is fully performed in the HVBM scheme within dimensional regularization with a careful treatment of issues arising due to the appearance of $γ^5$ in polarization projectors and axial couplings. We study the phenomenological consequences of the NLO corrections at the level of both the double polarized cross section and the corresponding asymmetries at RHIC kinematics.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures
title: Paratexte_En cette circonstance…
Creators: name: AmateurS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021

description: Paratexte
description: ID_PARA_00926
Bound fermion states in pinned vortices in the surface states of a superconducting topological insulator: The Majorana bound state
Creators: name: Deng, Haoyun
name: Bonesteel, Nicholas
name: Schlottmann, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analytically solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations we study the fermion bound states at the center of the core of a vortex in a two-dimensional superconductor. We consider three kinds of 2D superconducting models: (a) a standard type II superconductor in the mixed state with low density of vortex lines, (b) a superconductor with strong spin-orbit coupling locking the spin parallel to the momentum and (c) a superconductor with strong spin-orbit coupling locking the spin perpendicular to the momentum. The 2D superconducting states are induced via proximity effect between an $s$-wave superconductor and the surface states of a strong topological insulator. In case (a) the energy gap for the excitations is of order $Δ_{\infty}^2/(2E_F)$, while for cases (b) and (c) a zero-energy Majorana state arises together with an equally spaced ($Δ^2_{\infty}/E_F$) sequence of fermion excitations. The spin-momentum locking is key to the formation of the Majorana state. We present analytical expressions for the energy spectrum and the wave functions.
description: 14 pages, 0 figures
An astronomical search for evidence of new physics: Limits on gravity-induced birefringence from the magnetic white dwarf RE J0317-853
Creators: name: Preuss, Oliver
name: Haugan, Mark P.
name: Solanki, Sami K.
name: Jordan, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupling of the electromagnetic field directly with gravitational gauge fields leads to new physical effects that can be tested using astronomical data. Here we consider a particular case for closer scrutiny, a specific nonminimal coupling of torsion to electromagnetism, which enters into a metric-affine geometry of space-time. We show that under the assumption of this nonminimal coupling, spacetime is birefringent in the presence of such a gravitational field. This leads to the depolarization of light emitted from extended astrophysical sources. We use polarimetric data of the magnetic white dwarf ${RE J0317-853}$ to set strong constraints on the essential coupling constant for this effect, giving $k^2 \lsim (19 {m})^2 $.
description: Statements about Moffat's NGT modified. Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Evidence for an FFLO state with segmented vortices in the BCS-BEC-crossover superconductor FeSe
Creators: name: Kasahara, S.
name: Sato, Y.
name: Licciardello, S.
name: Čulo, M.
name: Arsenijević, S.
name: Ottenbros, T.
name: Tominaga, T.
name: Böker, J.
name: Eremin, I.
name: Shibauchi, T.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Hussey, N. E.
name: Matsuda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present resistivity and thermal-conductivity measurements of superconducting FeSe in intense magnetic fields up to 35 T applied parallel to the $ab$ plane. At low temperatures, the upper critical field $μ_0 H_{c2}^{ab}$ shows an anomalous upturn, while thermal conductivity exhibits a discontinuous jump at $μ_0 H^{\ast}\approx 24$ T well below $μ_0 H_{c2}^{ab}$, indicating a first-order phase transition in the superconducting state. This demonstrates the emergence of a distinct field-induced superconducting phase. Moreover, the broad resistive transition at high temperatures abruptly becomes sharp upon entering the high-field phase, indicating a dramatic change of the magnetic-flux properties. We attribute the high-field phase to the Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, where the formation of planar nodes gives rise to a segmentation of the flux-line lattice. We point out that strongly orbital-dependent pairing as well as spin-orbit interactions, the multiband nature, and the extremely small Fermi energy are important for the formation of the FFLO state in FeSe.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Nepal's community forestry: critical reflection from the governance perspective
Creators: name: Gautam, Narayan Prasad
name: Bhusal, Prabin
name: Raut, Nirmal Kumar
name: Chhetri, Bir Bahadur Khanal
name: Raut, Nirjala
name: Rashid, Muhammad Haroon U.
name: Wu, Pengfei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: In recent decades, the role of community forestry (CF) has been to address the livelihoods of local people beyond its original objective of forest protection. Yet, there have been governance-related concerns, particularly the distribution of benefits among group members. We used a case study approach to better understand the CF model from the perspective of household satisfaction and benefit distribution at the local level. For data collection, we used multiple methods, including key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys. The study utilised the Henry-Garret ranking for analysing key elements of forest governance and a probit regression model for identifying the major contributing factors of satisfaction towards CF governance. Results suggested greater equity in CF governance and the empowerment of marginalised forest communities. Though CF has created new opportunities to consolidate forest users’ efforts toward provisioning broader environmental services, the system continues to favour elites and other influential groups in CF decision-making. The study suggests improving equity and introducing incentives to primary forest dependents. The additional incentives will not only help communities to adapt to the changing context but also increase their interest in decision-making, particularly for equitable distribution of benefits and local collective action.
Formas alternativas de evaluación a las pruebas de alto impacto para un currículo por habilidades
Creators: name: Portillo-Torres, Mauricio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130303 Education Assessment and Evaluation
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: partir del año 2015 se implementa en el sistema educativo costarricense programas de estudio basados en eldesarrollo de habilidades para el ciudadano del siglo XXI, lo cual conlleva un cambio en el modelo evaluativo de laspruebas nacionales. Esta investigación tuvo como propósito indagar sobre formas alternativas de evaluación de losaprendizajes que se pueden implementar en las pruebas nacionales a partir de una revisión de la literatura internacional, y el modelo evaluación criterial del Programa Bachillerato Internacional.A partir de la revisión documental sobre modelos evaluativas para pruebas nacionales, la visita de un colegio que aplica el Programa de Bachillerato Internacional, así como la realización de entrevistas a docentes y expertos en evaluación se observó que: la evaluación educativa debe ser sistémica, requiere del diseño de un marco referencial alineado a la política educativa, el modelo evaluativo debe tener un valor educativo, y se requieren medios de evaluación más auténticos e integrales. Se concluye que la evaluación por ejecución (performance assessment) o evaluación auténtica es un referente importante para una evaluación criterial de las habilidades requeridas por el ciudadano en el siglo XXI.
Surface r Modes and Burst Oscillations of Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Lee, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the $r$-modes propagating in steadily mass accreting, nuclear burning, and geometrically thin envelopes on the surface of rotating neutron stars. For the modal analysis, we construct the envelope models which are fully radiaitive or have a convective region. As the angular rotation frequency $Ω$ is increased, the oscillation frequency $ω$ of the $r$-modes in the thin envelopes deviates appreciably from the asymptotic frequency $ω=2mΩ/l^\prime(l^\prime+1)$ defined in the limit of $Ω\to 0$, where $ω$ is the frequency observed in the corotating frame of the star, and $m$ and $l^\prime$ are the indices of the spherical harmonic function $Y_{l^\prime}^m$ representing the angular dependence of the modes. We find that the fundamental $r$-modes in the convective models are destabilized by strong nuclear burning in the convective region. Because of excessive heating by nuclear buring, the corotating-frame oscillation frequency $ω$ of the $r$-modes in the convective models becomes larger, and hence the inertial-frame oscillation frequency $|σ|$ becomes smaller, than those of the corresopnding $r$-modes in the radiative models, where $σ=ω-mΩ$ is negative for the $r$-modes of positive $m$. We find that the relative frequency change $f=-(σ_{conv}-σ_{rad})/σ_{rad}$ is always positive and becomes less than $\sim$0.01 for the fundamental $r$-modes of $l^\prime>|m|+1$ at $|σ_{rad}|/2π\sim$300Hz for $m=1$ or at $|σ_{rad}|/2π\sim$600Hz for $m=2$, where $σ_{conv}$ and $σ_{rad}$ denote the oscillation frequencies for the convective and the radiative envelope models, respectively.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) balanites El-Badry
Creators: name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Zannou, Ignace D.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal R.
name: Hanna, Rachid
name: Yaninek, John S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus balanites

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) balanites El-Badry
 Typhlodromus balanites El-Badry, 1967a: 469.
 Amblydromella (Amblydromella) balanites, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 307.
 Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) balanites, Moraes et al., 2004: 313; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 152.
 Remarks. Female with idiosomal setal pattern 12A:8A/JV:ZV; dorsal shield strongly reticulate; all dorsal setae smooth and sharp-tipped; setae Z5 on distinct tubercles; setae r3 and R1 inserted on integument; seta ST3 inserted on sternal shield; posterior margin of sternal shield concave; ventrianal shield pentagonal, with 4 pairs of pre-anal setae; calyx of spermatheca bell-shaped; peritreme extending anteriorly to level of j1; fixed and movable cheliceral digits toothless; with a single and sharp-tipped macroseta on basitarsus of leg IV. Described from specimens collected at Shambat, Khartoum, Sudan, on Balanites aegyptiaca. No additional specimens were collected in the present study.
 World distribution. Sudan and Egypt.
description: Published as part of Ueckermann, Edward A., Zannou, Ignace D., De Moraes, Gilberto J., Oliveira, Anibal R., Hanna, Rachid & Yaninek, John S., 2008, Phytoseiid mites of the tribe Typhlodromini (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1901 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1901.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134045
Advertising and Consumer Welfare: Scaling versus Translating
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Chalfant, James A.
name: Piggott, Nicholas E.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Chalfant, James A.
name: Piggott, Nicholas E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: advertising
subject: consumer welfare
subject: social welfare
subject: Almost Ideal demand system

description: Controversy has surrounded the welfare effects of advertising, mainly concerning the consumer welfare effects. Unfortunately, the measures of consumer welfare effects in most studies have been ad hoc and incorrect. The consumer welfare consequences of advertising can be measured consistently when consumer demand equations are derived from an expenditure function. This is illustrated using the Almost Ideal demand system, which is popular in econometric estimation of food demand systems. An empirical application uses data on Australian meat consumption to evaluate generic advertising of meats. The results from using a theoretically correct money-metric measure of consumer welfare effects, taking account of cross-commodity effects of advertising and price changes, are compared with ad hoc approaches that some previous studies have proposed. In addition, the consumer welfare measures are combined with measures of producer benefits in order to compute private and social returns.
In and out of equilibrium quantum metrology with mean-field quantum criticality
Creators: name: Wald, Sascha
name: Moreira, Saulo V.
name: Semião, Fernando L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence that collective transition phenomena have on quantum metrological protocols. The single spherical quantum spin (SQS) serves as stereotypical toy model that allows analytical insights on a mean-field level. First, we focus on equilibrium quantum criticality in the SQS and obtain the quantum Fisher information analytically, which is associated with the minimum lower bound for the precision of estimation of the parameter driving the phase transition. We compare it with the Fisher information for a specific experimental scenario where photoncounting-like measurements are employed. We find how quantum criticality and squeezing are useful resources in the metrological scenario. Second, we obtain the quantum Fisher information for the out of equilibrium transition in the dissipative non-equilibrium steady state (NESS), and investigate how the presence of dissipation affects the parameter estimation. In this scenario, it is known that the critical point is shifted by an amount which depends on the dissipation rate. This is used here to design high precision protocols for a whole range of the transition-driving parameter in the ordered phase. In fact, for certain values of the parameter being estimated, dissipation may be used to obtain higher precision when compared to the equilibrium scenario.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Revised version, to appear in PRE
Nonlinear magnetic field dependence of the conductance in d-wave NIS tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Fogelstrom, M.
name: Rainer, D.
name: Sauls, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ab-plane NIS-tunnelling conductance in d-wave superconductors shows a zero-bias conductance peak which is predicted to split in a magnetic field. In a pure d-wave superconductor the splitting is linear for fields small on the scale of the thermodynamic critical field. The field dependence is shown to be nonlinear, even at low fields, in the vicinity of a surface phase transition into a local time-reversal symmetry breaking state. The field evolution of the conductance is sensitive to temperature, doping, and the symmetry of the sub-dominant pairing channel.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Universal quantum gate with hybrid qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics
Creators: name: Yang, Chui-Ping
name: Zheng, Zhen-Fei
name: Zhang, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid qubits have recently drawn intensive attention in quantum computing. We here propose a method to implement a universal controlled-phase gate of two hybrid qubits via two three-dimensional (3D) microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting flux qutrit. For the gate considered here, the control qubit is a microwave photonic qubit (particle-like qubit), whose two logic states are encoded by the vacuum state and the single-photon state of a cavity, while the target qubit is a cat-state qubit (wave-like qubit), whose two logic states are encoded by the two orthogonal cat states of the other cavity. During the gate operation, the qutrit remains in the ground state; therefore decoherence from the qutrit is greatly suppressed. The gate realization is quite simple, because only a single basic operation is employed and neither classical pulse nor measurement is used. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that with current circuit QED technology, this gate can be realized with a high fidelity. The generality of this proposal allows to implement the proposed gate in a wide range of physical systems, such as two 1D or 3D microwave or optical cavities coupled to a natural or artificial three-level atom. Finally, this proposal can be applied to create a novel entangled state between a particle-like photonic qubit and a wave-like cat-state qubit.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Some family of q-vector fields on path spaces
Creators: name: Elworthy, K. D.
name: Li, Xue-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A great open problem is: can one learn the topology of the non-smooth path spaces with an L2 Hodge-deRham theory This one hopes to establish through a suitable complex of differential forms. Since the space is a Banach manifolds, and the Hodge theory is based on Hilbert spaces, it is trick to find such a complex. The relatively simpler Bismut tangent spaces and their tensor products, whose dual spaces are natural candidates for the complex, cannot be used, because these spaces are not necessarily closed under the Lie bracket operation if there is the effect of curvature. In this article we seek out a class of nice vector fields whose brackets behaves are calculable and behave nicely the damped tensor vector fields, using an Itô mp, which is also used by the authors in `Special Itô maps and an L2 Hodge theory for one forms on path spaces. Stochastic processes, physics and geometry: new interplays, I (Leipzig, 1999), 145-162, CMS Conf. Proc., 28, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2000').
Violent Buckling Benefits Galactic Bars
Creators: name: Collier, Angela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic bars are unstable to a vertical buckling instability which heats the disk and in some cases forms a boxy/peanut shaped bulge. We analyze the buckling instability as an application of classical Euler buckling followed by nonlinear gravitational Landau damping in the collisionless system. We find that the buckling instability is dictated by the kinematic properties and geometry of the bar. The analytical result is compared to simulations of isolated galaxies containing the disk and dark matter components. Our results demonstrate that violent buckling does not destroy bars while a less energetic buckling can dissolve the bar. The disks that undergo gentle buckling remain stable to bar formation which may explain the observed bar fraction in the local universe. Our results align with the results from recent surveys.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Quantum causality relations and the emergence of reality from coherent superpositions
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hilbert space formalism describes causality as a statistical relation between initial experimental conditions and final measurement outcomes, expressed by the inner products of state vectors representing these conditions. This representation of causality is in fundamental conflict with the classical notion that causality should be expressed in terms of the continuity of intermediate realities. Quantum mechanics essentially replaces this continuity of reality with phase sensitive superpositions, all of which need to interfere in order to produce the correct conditional probabilities for the observable input-output relations. In this paper, I investigate the relation between the classical notion of reality and quantum superpositions by identifying the conditions under which the intermediate states can have real external effects, as expressed by measurement operators inserted into the inner product. It is shown that classical reality emerges at the macroscopic level, where the relevant limit of the measurement resolution is given by the variance of the action around the classical solution. It is thus possible to demonstrate that the classical notion of objective reality emerges only at the macroscopic level, where observations are limited to low resolutions by a lack of sufficiently strong intermediate interactions. This result indicates that causality is more fundamental to physics than the notion of an objective reality, which means that the apparent contradictions between quantum physics and classical physics may be resolved by carefully distinguishing between observable causality and unobservable sequences of hypothetical realities "out there".
description: 10 pages, clarification of assumptions added in the introduction, updated references. Contents based on the presentation at the 2019 conference on "Quantum Information Revolution: Impact to Foundations" held June 10-13 at Vaxjo, Sweden, to be published in Foundations of Physics
A self-calibrating SI-traceable broadband Rydberg atom-based radio-frequency electric field probe and measurement instrument
Creators: name: Anderson, David Alexander
name: Sapiro, Rachel Elizabeth
name: Raithel, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a self-calibrating, SI-traceable broadband Rydberg-atom-based radio-frequency (RF) electric field probe (the Rydberg Field Probe or RFP) and measurement instrument (Rydberg Field Measurement System or RFMS). The RFMS comprises an atomic RF field probe (RFP), connected by a ruggedized fiber-optic patch cord to a portable mainframe control unit with a software interface for RF measurement and analysis including real-time field readout and RF waveform visualization. The instrument employs electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) readout of spectral signatures from RF-sensitive Rydberg states of an atomic vapor for continuous, pulsed, and modulated RF field measurement. The RFP exploits resonant and off-resonant Rydberg-field interactions to realize broadband RF measurements at frequencies ranging from ~10 MHz to sub-THz over a wide dynamic range. The RFMS incorporates an RF-field-free atomic reference and a laser-frequency tracker to ensure reliability and accuracy of the RF measurement. We characterize the RFP and measure polar field and polarization patterns of the RFP at 12.6 GHz RF in the far-field of a standard gain horn antenna. Measurements at 2.5 GHz are also performed. Measured patterns are in good agreement with simulations. A detailed calibration procedure and uncertainty analysis are presented that account for deviations from an isotropic response over a $4π$ solid angle, arising from dielectric structures external to the atomic measurement volume. Contributions to the measurement uncertainty from the fundamental atomic measurement method and associated analysis as well as material, geometry, and hardware design choices are accounted for. A calibration (C) factor is used to establish absolute-standard SI-traceable calibration of the RFP. Pulsed and modulated RF field measurement, and time-domain RF-pulse waveform imaging are also demonstrated.
On parallelisable NS-NS backgrounds
Creators: name: Figueroa-O'Farrill, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify non-dilatonic NS-NS type II supergravity backgrounds admitting a consistent absolute parallelism. They are all given by parallelised Lie groups admitting scalar flat bi-invariant lorentzian metrics. There are seven different classes, some of them containing moduli. For each class we determine the amount of supersymmetry which is preserved: there are examples with 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28 and 32 supersymmetries.
description: 14 pages (v2: corrected comments about the dilaton; v3: corrected the list of solutions after properly taking into account the dilaton equation; v4: added one reference)
Superconducting proximity effect in the presence of strong spin scattering
Creators: name: Eom, J.
name: Aumentado, J.
name: Chandrasekhar, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the four terminal temperature dependent resistance of narrow Au wires implanted with ~100 ppm Fe impurities in proximity to superconducting Al films. The wires show an initial decrease in resistance as the temperature is lowered through the superconducting transition of the Al films, but then show an increase in resistance as the temperature is lowered further. In contrast to the case of pure Au wires in contact with a superconducting film, the resistance at the lowest temperatures rises above the normal state resistance. Analysis of the data shows that, in addition to contributions from magnetic scattering and electron-electron interactions, the temperature dependent resistivity shows a substantial contribution from the superconducting proximity effect, which exists even in the presence of strong spin scattering.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Experimental demonstration of a quantum receiver beating the standard quantum limit at the telecom wavelength
Creators: name: Izumi, Shuro
name: Neergaard-Nielsen, Jonas S.
name: Miki, Shigehito
name: Terai, Hirotaka
name: Andersen, Ulrik L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrimination of coherent states beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL) is an important tasknot only for quantum information processing but also for optical coherent communication. In orderto optimize long distance optical fiber networks, it is of practical importance to develop a quantumreceiver beating the SQL and approaching the quantum bound at telecom wavelength. In this paper,we experimentally demonstrate a receiver beating the conventional SQL at telecom wavelength. Ourreceiver is composed of a displacement operation, a single photon counter and a real time adaptivefeedback operation. By using a high performance single photon detector operating at the telecomwavelength, we achieve a discrimination error beyond the SQL. The demonstration in the telecomband provides the first step important towards quantum and classical communication beyond theSQL using a coherent state alphabet, and we envision that the technology can be used for long-distance quantum key distribution, effective quantum state preparation and quantum estimation.
Effect of friction in a toy model of granular compaction
Creators: name: Ludewig, F.
name: Dorbolo, S.
name: Vandewalle, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We proposed a toy model of granular compaction which includes some resistance due to granular arches. In this model, the solid/solid friction of contacting grains is a key parameter and a slipping threshold Wc is defined. Realistic compaction behaviors have been obtained. Two regimes separated by a critical point Wc* of the slipping threshold have been emphasized : (i) a slow compaction with lots of paralyzed regions, and (ii) an inverse logarithmic dynamics with a power law scaling of grain mobility. Below the critical point Wc*, the physical properties of this frozen system become independent of Wc. Above the critical point Wc*, i.e. for low friction values, the packing properties behave as described by the classical Janssen theory for silos.
Stability limits of elemental 2D metals in graphene pores
Creators: name: Nevalaita, Janne
name: Koskinen, Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) materials can be used as stabilizing templates for exotic nanostructures, including pore-stabilized, free-standing patches of elemental metal monolayers. Although these patches represent metal clusters under extreme conditions and are thus bound for investigations, they are poorly understood as their energetic stability trends and the most promising elements remain unknown. Here, using density-functional theory simulations and liquid drop model to explore the properties of 45 elemental metal candidates, we identify metals that enable the largest and most stable patches. Simulations show that pores can stabilize patches up to $\sim 8$ nm$^2$ areas and that the most prominent candidate in a graphene template is Cu. The results, which are generalizable to templates also beyond graphene, provide encouragement for further, even more resolute experimental pursuit of 2D metals.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
On Consequentialism and Fairness
Creators: name: Card, Dallas
name: Smith, Noah A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work on fairness in machine learning has primarily emphasized how to define, quantify, and encourage "fair" outcomes. Less attention has been paid, however, to the ethical foundations which underlie such efforts. Among the ethical perspectives that should be taken into consideration is consequentialism, the position that, roughly speaking, outcomes are all that matter. Although consequentialism is not free from difficulties, and although it does not necessarily provide a tractable way of choosing actions (because of the combined problems of uncertainty, subjectivity, and aggregation), it nevertheless provides a powerful foundation from which to critique the existing literature on machine learning fairness. Moreover, it brings to the fore some of the tradeoffs involved, including the problem of who counts, the pros and cons of using a policy, and the relative value of the distant future. In this paper we provide a consequentialist critique of common definitions of fairness within machine learning, as well as a machine learning perspective on consequentialism. We conclude with a broader discussion of the issues of learning and randomization, which have important implications for the ethics of automated decision making systems.
description: Updating to published version
Plane waves with negative phase velocity in Faraday chiral mediums
Creators: name: Mackay, T. G.
name: Lakhtakia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of plane waves in a Faraday chiral medium is investigated. Conditions for the phase velocity to be directed opposite to the direction of power flow are derived for propagation in an arbitrary direction; simplified conditions which apply to propagation parallel to the distinguished axis are also established. These negative phase-velocity conditions are explored numerically using a representative Faraday chiral medium, arising from the homogenization of an isotropic chiral medium and a magnetically biased ferrite. It is demonstrated that the phase velocity may be directed opposite to power flow, provided that the gyrotropic parameter of the ferrite component medium is sufficiently large compared with the corresponding nongyrotropic permeability parameters.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Anisotropic vortex pinning in superconductors with a square array of rectangular submicron holes
Creators: name: Van Look, L.
name: Zhu, B. Y.
name: Jonckheere, R.
name: Zhao, B. R.
name: Zhao, Z. X.
name: Moshchalkov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate vortex pinning in thin superconducting films with a square array of rectangular submicron holes ("antidots"). Two types of antidots are considered: antidots fully perforating the superconducting film, and "blind antidots", holes that perforate the film only up to a certain depth. In both systems, we observe a distinct anisotropy in the pinning properties, reflected in the critical current Ic, depending on the direction of the applied electrical current: parallel to the long side of the antidots or perpendicular to it. Although the mechanism responsible for the effect is very different in the two systems, they both show a higher critical current and a sharper IV-transition when the current is applied along the long side of the rectangular antidots.
Fluxon dynamics by microwave surface resistance measurements in MgB2
Creators: name: Gallitto, A. Agliolo
name: Bonura, M.
name: Fricano, S.
name: Vigni, M. Li
name: Giunchi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Field-induced variations of the microwave surface resistance, Rs(H), have been investigated in high-density ceramic MgB2. At low temperatures, several peculiarities of the Rs(H) curves cannot be justified in the framework of models reported in the literature. We suggest that they are ascribable to the unconventional vortex structure in MgB2, related to the presence of two gaps. On the contrary, the results near Tc can be accounted for by the Coffey and Clem model, with fluxons moving in the flux-flow regime, provided that the anisotropy of the upper critical field is taken into due account.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Flare Generated Acoustic Oscillations in Solar and Stellar Coronal Loops
Creators: name: Tsiklauri, D.
name: Nakariakov, V. M.
name: Arber, T. D.
name: Aschwanden, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-frequency longitudinal oscillations of a flaring coronal loop are studied numerically. In the recent work of Nakariakov et al., Astron. and Astrophys., 414, L25-L28 (2004) it has been shown that the time dependences of density and velocity in a flaring loop contain well-pronounced quasi-harmonic oscillations associated with a 2nd harmonic of a standing slow magnetoacoustic wave. In this work we investigate physical nature of these oscillations in greater detail, namely, we study their spectrum (using periodogram technique) and how does heat positioning affects the mode excitation. We found that excitation of such oscillations practically independent of the positioning of the heat deposition in the loop. Because of the change of the background temperature and density, the phase shift between the density and velocity perturbations is not exactly equal to the quarter of the period, it varies along the loop and is time dependent, especially in the case of one footpoint (asymmetric) heating. KEYWORDS -- Sun: flares -- Sun: oscillations -- Sun: Corona -- Stars: flare -- Stars: oscillations -- Stars: coronae
description: Full paper, see also letter astro-ph/0402223 or Astron. and Astrophys., 414, L25-L28 (2004)
Additional file 7 of Integrated single-cell RNA-seq and DNA methylation reveal the effects of air pollution in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion
Creators: name: Zhu, Weiqiang
name: Gu, Yan
name: Li, Min
name: Zhang, Zhaofeng
name: Liu, Junwei
name: Mao, Yanyan
name: Zhu, Qianxi
name: Zhao, Lin
name: Shen, Yupei
name: Chen, Fujia
name: Xia, Lingjin
name: He, Lin
name: Du, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Fig. 5. The relationship between air pollution-related genes and RSA. (A) and (B) Monthly air pollutant concentration curve from 2014 to 2018. (C) Correlation heatmap plot shows the association between six air pollutants.
Surface rearrangement at complex adsorbate-substrate interfaces
Creators: name: Vakarin, E. V.
name: Badiali, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of the information theory approach we propose a novel statistical scheme for analyzing the evolution of coupled adsorbate-substrate systems, in which the substrate undergoes the adsorbate-induced transformations. A relation between the substrate morphology and the adsorbate thermodynamic state is established. This allows one to estimate the surface structure in terms of incomplete experimental information and the one concerning the adsorbate thermodynamic response to the structural modifications.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Reflecting After Learning for Understanding
Creators: name: Martie, Lee
name: Alam, Mohammad Arif Ul
name: Zhang, Gaoyuan
name: Anderson, Ryan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Today, image classification is a common way for systems to process visual content. Although neural network approaches to classification have seen great progress in reducing error rates, it is not clear what this means for a cognitive system that needs to make sense of the multiple and competing predictions from its own classifiers. As a step to address this, we present a novel framework that uses meta-reasoning and meta-operations to unify predictions into abstractions, properties, or relationships. Using the framework on images from ImageNet, we demonstrate systems that unify 41% to 46% of predictions in general and unify 67% to 75% of predictions when the systems can explain their conceptual differences. We also demonstrate a system in "the wild" by feeding live video images through it and show it unifying 51% of predictions in general and 69% of predictions when their differences can be explained conceptually by the system. In a survey given to 24 participants, we found that 87% of the unified predictions describe their corresponding images.
description: Presented at the Advances in Cognitive Systems conference (http://www.cogsys.org/conference/2019) and to be published in the Advances in Cognitive Systems journal (http://www.cogsys.org/journal)
MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL ACTIVITY SURFACE TISSUES MBO PULSE METHODS
Creators: name: Simankov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics
subject: 29901 Biological Physics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Electronic journal "Modern problems of science and education", Issue No. 3, 2014.
(Электронный журнал «Современные проблемы науки и образования», Выпуск № 3, 2014)
Thermophysical aspect of formation temperature sensation medico-biological object (MBO) from contact with the liquid (gas) with another body temperature. Presented two model problems with boundary conditions of the third kind: MBO modeled as plastic (solid), the body that interacts with the liquid medium short time (up to 5s) and the MBO is modeled as a liquid medium, which interacts with the liquid medium short time (up to 5s). An analytical and numerical solutions of the model problems. Results of studies can be used for different types of liquids and gases which do not undergo a phase or chemical reaction, regardless of their occurrence on a surface of another body or MBO. Technique of short-term measurements under irregular thermal regime (pulse method) used to study the thermal activity of different anatomical areas of the skin MBO depending on the temperature. The total error of this method is up to 5%.
Detection and Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Primary Care in Shanghai, China
Creators: name: Lu, Yuan
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 420301
subject: Aged health care
classificationCode: 420319
subject: Primary health care
classificationCode: 420299
subject: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

description: Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.

This thesis was a recipient of the Nancy Millis Award for theses of exceptional merit.
First-Passage Percolation under extreme disorder: from bond-percolation to Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality
Creators: name: Villarrubia, Daniel
name: Domenech, Iván Álvarez
name: Santalla, Silvia N.
name: Rodríguez-Laguna, Javier
name: Córdoba-Torres, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the statistical properties of arrival times and balls on first-passage percolation (FPP) $2D$ square lattices with strong disorder in the link-times. A previous work showed a crossover in the weak disorder regime, between Gaussian and Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality, with the crossover length decreasing as the noise amplitude grows. On the other hand, this work presents a very different behavior in the strong-disorder regime. A new crossover length appears below which the model is described by bond-percolation universality class. This characteristic length scale grows with the noise amplitude and diverges at the infinite-disorder limit. We provide a thorough characterization of the bond-percolation phase, reproducing its associated critical exponents through a careful scaling analysis of the balls. This is carried out through to a continuous mapping of the FPP passage time into the occupation probability of the bond-percolation problem. Moreover, the crossover length can be explained merely in terms of properties of the link-time distribution. The interplay between the new characteristic length and the correlation length intrinsic to bond-percolation determines the crossover between the initial percolation-like growth and theasymptotic KPZ scaling.