cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Sub-maximal blood lactate assessment of professional youth soccer players throughout the soccer season
Creators: name: McMillan, Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Kinesiology.

description: Aerobic fitness is recognised as a very important fitness component in soccer (Reilly, 1994, Science and Soccer. E&FN Spon, UK). Thus, it is of importance to monitor the aerobic fitness of professional soccer players periodically throughout the soccer season. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in aerobic fitness of professional youth soccer players from the pre-season period to the start of the competitive season and throughout the competitive season. Thirty-seven male professional youth soccer players aged (mean +/- sd) 18.9 +/- 1.8 years participated in this study. The players were tested at six time-points throughout the playing season - sub-maximal running was performed on a treadmill (Woodway Ergo ES2, Cranlea, UK) and consisted of at least six progressive four-minute stages. Fingertip blood samples were collected at the end of each running speed and analysed for whole blood lactate concentration using an Analox GM7 analyser (Analox Instruments, UK). Although 37 soccer players participated in this study, not all players were tested at each time point (Table A), in order to account for the within-subjects design and the fact that there are missing data at certain testing time-points (which is assumed to be missing at random), a Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance with Bonferroni Multiple comparisons, and Bonferroni adjusted paired t-tests were used to determine any significant changes in aerobic fitness, using running speeds at the lactate threshold [vLT] and 4 mmol.l-1 [vLac4]. Aerobic fitness increased from the start of pre-season training to October (5 weeks into the competitive season) as evidenced by an increase in mean vLT and mean vLac4 (p<0.001) (Table 1). The mean vLT was highest in December (p<0.001) compared with January and June. Other fluctuations in the mean vLT throughout the competitive playing season were found to be non-significant. No significant differences in mean vLac4 were found during the competitive season. In conclusion, aerobic fitness increased from the start of pre-season training to the early weeks of the competitive playing season. The mean vLT was found to be highest in December. These findings demonstrate that the pre-season training was effective in improving aerobic fitness. The feet that the January, April and June vLT scores were lower than those in December suggests that coaches should examine the aerobic training regimens in the second half of the season. Table A. Lactate threshold (vLT) and 4 mmol.l (vLac4) running velocity (mean +/- sd) and number of observations for each testing time-point a - significantly higher than pre-season (p<0.001) b - significantly higher than January and June vLT (p<0.001).
Experimental demonstration of optimal unambiguous two-out-of-four quantum state elimination
Creators: name: Webb, Jonathan W.
name: Puthoor, Ittoop V.
name: Ho, Joseph
name: Crickmore, Jonathan
name: Blakely, Emma
name: Fedrizzi, Alessandro
name: Andersson, Erika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A core principle of quantum theory is that non-orthogonal quantum states cannot be perfectly distinguished with single-shot measurements. However, it is possible to exclude a subset of non-orthogonal states without error in certain circumstances. Here we implement a quantum state elimination measurement which unambiguously rules out two of four pure, non-orthogonal quantum states -- ideally without error and with unit success probability. This is a generalised quantum measurement with six outcomes, where each outcome corresponds to excluding a pair of states. Our experimental realisation uses single photons, with information encoded in a four-dimensional state using optical path and polarisation degrees of freedom. The prepared state is incorrectly ruled out up to $3.3(2)\%$ of the time.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Neonatal DNA methylation and childhood low prosocial behavior: An epigenome-wide association meta-analysis
Creators: name: Luo, M
name: J. Meehan, Alan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310504
subject: Epigenetics (incl. genome methylation and epigenomics)
classificationCode: 520101
subject: Child and adolescent development
classificationCode: 520505
subject: Social psychology

description: Low prosocial behavior in childhood has been consistently linked to later psychopathology, with evidence supporting the influence of both genetic and environmental factors on its development. Although neonatal DNA methylation (DNAm) has been found to prospectively associate with a range of psychological traits in childhood, its potential role in prosocial development has yet to be investigated. This study investigated prospective associations between cord blood DNAm at birth and low prosocial behavior within and across four longitudinal birth cohorts from the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium. We examined (a) developmental trajectories of “chronic-low” versus “typical” prosocial behavior across childhood in a case– control design (N = 2,095), and (b) continuous “low prosocial” scores at comparable cross-cohort time-points (N = 2,121). Meta-analyses were performed to examine differentially methylated positions and regions. At the cohort-specific level, three CpGs were found to associate with chronic low prosocial behavior; however, none of these associations was replicated in another cohort. Meta-analysis revealed no epigenomewide significant CpGs or regions. Overall, we found no evidence for associations between DNAm patterns at birth and low prosocial behavior across childhood. Findings highlight the importance of employing multi-cohort approaches to replicate epigenetic associations and reduce the risk of false positive discoveries.
Topological superconductivity enhanced by exceptional points
Creators: name: Arouca, R.
name: Cayao, Jorge
name: Black-Schaffer, Annica M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Majorana zero modes (MZMs) emerge as edge states in topological superconductors and are promising for topological quantum computation, but their detection has so far been elusive. Here we show that non-Hermiticity can be used to obtain dramatically more robust MZMs. The enhanced properties appear as a result of an extreme instability of exceptional points to superconductivity, such that even a vanishingly small superconducting order parameter already opens a large energy gap, produces well-localized MZMs, and leads to strong superconducting pair correlations. Our work thus illustrates the large potential of enhancing topological superconductivity using non-Hermitian exceptional points.
description: 7+15 pages, 4+7 figures. Supplementary videos available at https://github.com/rarouca/Hatano-Nelson-Kitaev/ v2: addition of analytic calculations close to the EP and of background in non-Hermitian systems. Title changed following editor suggestion
RESISTIRE Factsheet: Gender-Based Violence during Crises: Risk Assessment, Prevention and Effective Response
Creators: name: López Belloso, María
name: Tarragona, Laia
name: Ghidoni, Elena
name: Izaguirre, Ainhoa
name: Sandström, Lina
name: Strid, Sofia
name: Aglietti, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
Policy recommendation
gender+
COVID-19
crisis
inequalities

description: Political institutions were not prepared for how much gender-based violence was both triggered and exacerbated by the lockdown restrictions and subsequent lifting of restrictions. While some efforts were made to address gender-based violence in the early pandemic policy responses, it is seldom mentioned in the National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) and policies that were subsequently drawn up.
 Instead, addressing gender-based violence should be a key concern when developing crisis management plans (including prevention, contingency plans, and recovery measures). Policymakers should learn from the COVID-19 crisis in order to design more effective responses to gender-based violence during crisis periods.
Explicit formulas concerning eigenvectors of weakly non-unitary matrices
Creators: name: Dubach, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60B20, 15B52

description: We investigate eigenvector statistics of the Truncated Unitary ensemble $\mathrm{TUE}(N,M)$ in the weakly non-unitary case $M=1$, that is when only one row and column are removed. We provide an explicit description of generalized overlaps as deterministic functions of the eigenvalues, as well as a method to derive an exact formula for the expectation of diagonal overlaps (or squared eigenvalue condition numbers), conditionally on one eigenvalue. This complements recent results obtained in the opposite regime when $M \geq N$, suggesting possible extensions to $\mathrm{TUE}(N,M)$ for all values of $M$.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Testing the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter with the Radial Acceleration Relation in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Tam, Sut-Ieng
name: Umetsu, Keiichi
name: Robertson, Andrew
name: McCarthy, Ian G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radial acceleration relation (RAR) represents a tight empirical relation between the inferred total and baryonic centripetal accelerations, $g_{\rm{tot}}=GM_{\rm{tot}}(
description: Version matched to the published version in ApJ; 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
Accelerating Material Design with the Generative Toolkit for Scientific Discovery
Creators: name: Manica, Matteo
name: Born, Jannis
name: Cadow, Joris
name: Christofidellis, Dimitrios
name: Dave, Ashish
name: Clarke, Dean
name: Teukam, Yves Gaetan Nana
name: Giannone, Giorgio
name: Hoffman, Samuel C.
name: Buchan, Matthew
name: Chenthamarakshan, Vijil
name: Donovan, Timothy
name: Hsu, Hsiang Han
name: Zipoli, Federico
name: Schilter, Oliver
name: Kishimoto, Akihiro
name: Hamada, Lisa
name: Padhi, Inkit
name: Wehden, Karl
name: McHugh, Lauren
name: Khrabrov, Alexy
name: Das, Payel
name: Takeda, Seiji
name: Smith, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the growing availability of data within various scientific domains, generative models hold enormous potential to accelerate scientific discovery. They harness powerful representations learned from datasets to speed up the formulation of novel hypotheses with the potential to impact material discovery broadly. We present the Generative Toolkit for Scientific Discovery (GT4SD). This extensible open-source library enables scientists, developers, and researchers to train and use state-of-the-art generative models to accelerate scientific discovery focused on material design.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Association of Maternal Immunity with Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in Zambian Infants
Creators: name: Velasquez, Daniel E.
name: Chilengi, Roma
name: Beach, Lauren
name: Becker-Dreps, Sylvia
name: Bosomprah, Samuel
name: Simuyandi, Michelo
name: Jiang, Baoming
name: Mwila, Katayi
name: Emperador, Devy M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: IntroductionLive attenuated oral vaccines against rotavirus (RV) have been shown to be less efficacious in children from developing countries. Reasons for this disparity are not fully understood. We assessed the role of maternal factors including breast milk RV-specific IgA, transplacentally acquired infant serum RV-specific IgG and maternal HIV status in seroconversion among Zambian infants routinely immunized with Rotarix™ (RV1).Methods420 mother-child pairs were recruited at infant age 6–12 weeks in Lusaka. Clinical information and samples were collected at baseline and at one month following the second dose of RV1. Determination of breast milk RV-specific IgA and serum RV-specific IgA and IgG was done using standardized ELISA. Seroconversion was defined as a ≥ 4 fold rise in serum IgA titre from baseline to one-month post RV1 dose 2, while seropositivity of IgA was defined as serum titre ≥ 40 and antibody variables were modelled on log-base 2. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of the odds of seroconversion.ResultsBaseline infant seropositivity was 25.5% (91/357). The seroconversion frequency was 60.2% (130/216). Infants who were IgA seropositive at baseline were less likely to seroconvert compared to their seronegative counterparts (P = 0.04). There was no evidence of an association between maternal HIV status and seroconversion (P = 0.25). Higher titres of breast milk rotavirus-specific IgA were associated with a lower frequency of seroconverson (Nonparametric test for trend Z = -2.84; P<0.01): a two-fold increase in breast milk RV-specific IgA titres was associated with a 22% lower odds of seroconversion (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.68–0.94; P = 0.01). There was seasonal variation in baseline breast milk rotavirus-specific IgA titres, with significantly higher GMTs during the cold dry months (P = 0.01).ConclusionLow immunogenicity of RV1 vaccine could be explained in part by exposure to high antibody titres in breast milk and early exposure to wild-type rotavirus infections. Potential interference of anti-RV specific IgA in breast milk and pre-vaccination serum RV specific-IgA and IgG titres with RV1 seroconversion and effectiveness requires further research.
Phase Transitions in Warped AdS$_3$ Gravity
Creators: name: Detournay, Stéphane
name: Zwikel, Céline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider asymptotically Warped AdS$_3$ black holes in Topologically Massive Gravity. We study their thermodynamic stability and show the existence of a Hawking-Page phase transition between the black hole and thermal background phases. At zero angular potential, the latter is shown to occur at the self-dual point of the dual Warped Conformal Field Theory partition function, in analogy with the phase transition for BTZ black holes in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$. We also discuss how the central and vacuum charges can be obtained from inner horizon mechanics in the presence of a gravitational anomaly.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
WIMP Dark Matter and Unitarity-Conserving Inflation via a Gauge Singlet Scalar
Creators: name: Kahlhoefer, Felix
name: McDonald, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gauge singlet scalar with non-minimal coupling to gravity can drive inflation and later freeze out to become cold dark matter. We explore this idea by revisiting inflation in the singlet direction (S-inflation) and Higgs Portal Dark Matter in light of the Higgs discovery, limits from LUX and observations by Planck. We show that large regions of parameter space remain viable, so that successful inflation is possible and the dark matter relic abundance can be reproduced. Moreover, the scalar singlet can stabilise the electroweak vacuum and at the same time overcome the problem of unitarity-violation during inflation encountered by Higgs Inflation, provided the singlet is a real scalar. The 2-$σ$ Planck upper bound on $n_s$ imposes that the singlet mass is below 2 TeV, so that almost the entire allowed parameter range can be probed by XENON1T.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures; v2: minor changes, references added, matches published version
2D and 3D CT Radiomic Features Performance Comparison in Characterization of Gastric Cancer: A Multi-center Study
Creators: name: Meng, Lingwei
name: Dong, Di
name: Chen, Xin
name: Fang, Mengjie
name: Wang, Rongpin
name: Li, Jing
name: Liu, Zaiyi
name: Tian, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Objective: Radiomics, an emerging tool for medical image analysis, is potential towards precisely characterizing gastric cancer (GC). Whether using one-slice 2D annotation or whole-volume 3D annotation remains a long-time debate, especially for heterogeneous GC. We comprehensively compared 2D and 3D radiomic features' representation and discrimination capacity regarding GC, via three tasks. Methods: Four-center 539 GC patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the training and validation cohorts. From 2D or 3D regions of interest (ROIs) annotated by radiologists, radiomic features were extracted respectively. Feature selection and model construction procedures were customed for each combination of two modalities (2D or 3D) and three tasks. Subsequently, six machine learning models (Model_2D^LNM, Model_3D^LNM; Model_2D^LVI, Model_3D^LVI; Model_2D^pT, Model_3D^pT) were derived and evaluated to reflect modalities' performances in characterizing GC. Furthermore, we performed an auxiliary experiment to assess modalities' performances when resampling spacing is different. Results: Regarding three tasks, the yielded areas under the curve (AUCs) were: Model_2D^LNM's 0.712 (95% confidence interval, 0.613-0.811), Model_3D^LNM's 0.680 (0.584-0.775); Model_2D^LVI's 0.677 (0.595-0.761), Model_3D^LVI's 0.615 (0.528-0.703); Model_2D^pT's 0.840 (0.779-0.901), Model_3D^pT's 0.813 (0.747-0.879). Moreover, the auxiliary experiment indicated that Models_2D are statistically more advantageous than Models3D with different resampling spacings. Conclusion: Models constructed with 2D radiomic features revealed comparable performances with those constructed with 3D features in characterizing GC. Significance: Our work indicated that time-saving 2D annotation would be the better choice in GC, and provided a related reference to further radiomics-based researches.
description: Published in IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity
Creators: name: Yu, Fuli
name: Cramer, Drake W.
name: Couper, David
name: Folsom, Aaron R.
name: Preisser, John S.
name: Song, Jaewoo
name: Dong, Jing-Fei
name: Liu, Guo
name: Houck, Katie L.
name: Xue, Cheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: VWF is extensively glycosylated with biantennary core fucosylated glycans. Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF are sialylated. FVIII is also glycosylated, with a glycan structure similar to that of VWF. ST3GAL sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans. This sialic acid modification is critical for VWF synthesis and activity. We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. Among the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS, the intronic rs2186717, rs7928391, and rs11220465 were associated with VWF levels and with FVIII activity after adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ever-smoking status, and ABO. This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. We discuss potential mechanisms through which these intronic SNPs regulate ST3GAL4 biosynthesis and the activity that affects VWF and FVIII.
A New Method for Constraining Molecular Cloud Thickness: A study of Taurus, Perseus and Ophiuchus
Creators: name: Qian, Lei
name: Li, Di
name: Offner, Stella
name: Pan, Zhichen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core velocity dispersion (CVD) is a potentially useful tool for studying the turbulent velocity field of molecular clouds. CVD is based on centroid velocities of dense gas clumps, thus is less prone to density fluctuation and reflects more directly the cloud velocity field. Prior work demonstrated that the Taurus molecular cloud CVD resembles the well-known Larson's linewidth-size relation of molecular clouds. In this work, we studied the dependence of the CVD on the line-of-sight thickness of molecular clouds, a quantity which cannot be measured by direct means. We produced a simple statistical model of cores within clouds and analyzed the CVD of a variety of hydrodynamical simulations. We show that the relation between the CVD and the 2D projected separation of cores ($L_{2D}$) is sensitive to the cloud thickness. When the cloud is thin, the index of CVD-$L_{2D}$ relation ($γ$ in the relation CVD$\sim L_{2D}^γ$) reflects the underlying energy spectrum ($E(k)\sim k^{-β}$) in that $γ\sim(β-1)/2$. The CVD-$L_{2D}$ relation becomes flatter ($γ\to 0$) for thicker clouds. We used this result to constrain the thicknesses of Taurus, Perseus, and Ophiuchus. We conclude that Taurus has a ratio of cloud depth to cloud length smaller than about 1/10-1/8, i.e. it is a sheet. A simple geometric model fit to the linewidth-size relation indicates that the Taurus cloud has a $\sim 0.7$ pc line-of-sight dimension. In contrast, Perseus and Ophiuchus are thicker and have ratios of cloud depth to cloud length larger than about 1/10-1/8.
description: ApJ accepted, with 14 pages, 16 figures
Do minor interactions trigger star formation in galaxy pairs?
Creators: name: Das, Apashanka
name: Pandey, Biswajit
name: Sarkar, Suman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the galaxy pairs in a set of volume limited samples from the SDSS to study the effects of minor interactions on the star formation rate (SFR) and colour of galaxies. We carefully design control samples of the isolated galaxies by matching the stellar mass and redshift of the minor pairs. The SFR distributions and colour distributions in the minor pairs differ from their controls at $>99\%$ significance level. We also simultaneously match the control galaxies in stellar mass, redshift and local density to assess the role of the environment. The null hypothesis can be rejected at $>99\%$ confidence level even after matching the environment. Our analysis shows a quenching in the minor pairs where the degree of quenching decreases with the increasing pair separation and plateaus beyond 50 kpc. We also prepare a sample of minor pairs with $H_α$ line information. We calculate the SFR of these galaxies using the $H_α$ line and repeat our analysis. We observe a quenching in the $H_α$ sample too. We find that the majority of the minor pairs are quiescent systems that could be quenched due to minor interactions. Combining data from the Galaxy Zoo and Galaxy Zoo2, we find that only $\sim 1\%$ galaxies have a dominant bulge, $4\%-7\%$ galaxies host a bar, and $5\%-10\%$ galaxies show the AGN activity in minor pairs. This indicates that the presence of bulge, bar and AGN activity plays an insignificant role in quenching the galaxies in minor pairs. The more massive companion satisfies the criteria for mass quenching in most of the minor pairs. We propose that the stripping and starvation likely caused the quenching in the less massive companion at a later stage of evolution.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables, significantly revised, main conclusions unchanged, Accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. this article supersedes arXiv:2108.05874
Stellar properties and nuclear matter constraints
Creators: name: Dutra, Mariana
name: Lourenço, Odilon
name: Menezes, Débora P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed stellar properties of the relativistic mean-field (RMF) parametrizations shown to be consistent with the recently studied constraints related to nuclear matter, pure neutron matter, symmetry energy and its derivatives [Dutra et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 055203 (2014)]. Our results show that only two RMF parametrizations do not allow the emergence of the direct Urca process, important aspect regarding the evolution of a neutron star. Moreover, among all approved RMF models, fourteen of them produce neutron stars with maximum masses inside the range $1.93\leqslant M/M_\odot\leqslant 2.05$, with $M_\odot$ being the solar mass. Only three models yield maximum masses above this range and a discussion on the inclusion of hyperons is presented. Finally, we have verified that the models satisfying the neutron star maximum mass constraint do not observe the squared sound velocity bound, namely, $v_s^2 < 1/3$, corroborating recent findings. However, the recently proposed $σ$-cut scheme can make the RMF models consistent with both constraints depending on the isoscalar-vector interaction of each parametrization.
description: Published version in Phys. Rev. C along with an erratum that corrects a technical mistake in the calculations concerning two specific parametrizations, namely, DDH\delta and DD-ME\delta. New corrected figures and tables regarding these two parametrizations are provided
Magnetic field amplification and structure formation by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Creators: name: Braileanu, B. Popescu
name: Lukin, V. S.
name: Khomenko, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on results of high resolution two fluid non-linear simulations of the Rayleigh Taylor Instability (RTI) at the interface between a solar prominence and the corona. These follow results reported earlier by Popescu Braileanu et al. (2021a,b) on linear and early non-linear RTI dynamics in this environment. The simulations use a two fluid model that includes collisions between neutrals and charges, including ionization/recombination, energy and momentum transfer, and frictional heating. High resolution 2.5D magnetized RTI simulations with the magnetic field dominantly normal to and slightly sheared with respect to the prominence plane demonstrate that in a fully developed state of RTI a large fraction of the gravitational energy of a prominence thread can be converted into quasi-turbulent energy of the magnetic field. RTI magnetic energy generation is further accompanied by magnetic and plasma density structure formation, including dynamic formation, break-up, and merging of current sheets and plasmoid sub-structures. The simulations show the role of flow decoupling and ionization/recombination reactions between the neutrals and charges on the structure formation in magnetized RTI. We provide a careful examination of sources and form of numerical dissipation of the evolving magnetic field structures.
Recursive Methods for Synthesizing Permutations on Limited-Connectivity Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Chen, Cynthia
name: Schmitt, Bruno
name: Zhang, Helena
name: Bishop, Lev S.
name: Javadi-Abhari, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe a family of recursive methods for the synthesis of qubit permutations on quantum computers with limited qubit connectivity. Two objectives are of importance: circuit size and depth. In each case we combine a scalable heuristic with a non-scalable, yet exact, synthesis. Our algorithms are applicable to generic connectivity constraints, scale favorably, and achieve close-to-optimal performance in many cases. We demonstrate the utility of these algorithms by optimizing the compilation of Quantum Volume circuits, and to disprove an old conjecture on reversals being the hardest permutation on a path.
description: DAC '22: The 59th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019 San Francisco CA USA
Description and performance results of the trigger logic of TUS and Mini-EUSO to search for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays from space
Creators: name: Bertaina, M.
name: Barghini, D.
name: Battisti, M.
name: Belov, A.
name: Bianciotto, M.
name: Bisconti, F.
name: Blaksley, C.
name: Bolmgren, K.
name: Cambie, G.
name: Capel, F.
name: Casolino, M.
name: Ebisuzaki, T.
name: Fenu, F.
name: Franceschi, M. A.
name: Fuglesang, C.
name: Golzio, A.
name: Gorodetzky, P.
name: Kajino, F.
name: Klimov, P.
name: Manfrin, M.
name: Marcelli, L.
name: Marszal, W.
name: Mignone, M.
name: Miyamoto, H.
name: Napolitano, T.
name: Parizot, E.
name: Picozza, P.
name: Piotrowski, L. W.
name: Plebaniak, Z.
name: Prevot, G.
name: Reali, E.
name: Ricci, M.
name: Sakaki, N.
name: Sharakin, S.
name: Szabelski, J.
name: Takizawa, Y.
name: Vrabel, M.
name: Yashin, I.
name: Zotov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The trigger logic of the Tracking Ultraviolet Setup (TUS) and Multiwavelength Imaging New Instrument for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (Mini-EUSO) space-based projects of the Joint Experiment Missions - EUSO (JEM-EUSO) program is summarized. The performance results on the search for ultra-high energy cosmic rays are presented.
New Kinetic Terms for Massive Gravity and Multi-gravity: A No-Go in Vielbein Form
Creators: name: de Rham, Claudia
name: Matas, Andrew
name: Tolley, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the possibility of a class of new kinetic terms in the first order (vielbein) formulation of massive gravity and multi-gravity. We find that new degrees of freedom emerge which are not associated with the Boulware--Deser ghost and are intrinsic to the vielbein formulation. These new degrees of freedom are associated with the Lorentz transformations which encode the additional variables contained in the vielbein over the metric. Although they are not guaranteed to be ghostly, they are nevertheless infinitely strongly coupled on Minkowski spacetime and are not part of the spin-2 multiplet. Hence their existence implies the uniqueness of the Einstein--Hilbert term as the kinetic term for a massive graviton.
description: 27 pages
Stielaugen der Wissenschaft. Zur Geschichte eines Tübinger Teleskops
Creators: name: Ahner, Helen
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 069 Museumswissenschaft

description: Durch das Okular eines Teleskops wird der Weltraum sichtbar – und noch viel mehr. Anhand der Objektbiografie des Tübinger Zeiss-Teleskops, das hier im Mittelpunkt steht, setzt sich dieser Beitrag mit den vielfältigen Funktionen auseinander, die eine wissenschaftliche Apparatur im Laufe ihrer Existenz übernehmen kann. Es wird erkundet, welche Konzeptionen und Modalitäten von Wissen, Wissenschaft und Wissensvermittlung daran sichtbar werden – beispielsweise Ideen und Vorstellungen darüber, was es heißt, „modern“ zu sein, oder das Zusammenfallen von Wissenserzeugung und -vermittlung in der Praxis. Ausgehend davon können Schlüsse über die gegenseitige Durchdringung von Alltag und Wissen(schaft) und den damit zusammenhängenden Erfahrungs-, Seh- und Wissensweisen gezogen werden. Verbunden wird die Geschichte des Tübinger Teleskops mit Überlegungen zum Projektionsplanetarium, das mit seinen spezifischen Erfahrungs- und Sehweisen im Mittelpunkt des Dissertationsprojektes steht, aus dem der Aufsatz hervorgegangen ist. In der Zusammenschau der beiden Instrumente zeigt sich, dass Wissen nicht – wie dem Gedanken der Moderne oft inne-wohnt – eine kühle, rationale Geistesleistung ist, sondern sich in Verzauberungserfahrungen formiert, zu denen bestimmte räumliche Arrangements, Atmosphären und Gefühle gehören.
Machine learning phase transitions of the three-dimensional Ising universality class
Creators: name: Li, Xiaobing
name: Guo, Ranran
name: Zhou, Yu
name: Liu, Kangning
name: Zhao, Jia
name: Long, Fen
name: Wu, Yuanfang
name: Li, Zhiming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploration of the QCD phase diagram and critical point is one of the main goals in current relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The QCD critical point is expected to belong to a three-dimensional (3D) Ising universality class. Machine learning techniques are found to be powerful in distinguishing different phases of matter and provide a new way to study the phase diagram. We investigate phase transitions in the 3D cubic Ising model using supervised learning methods. It is found that a 3D convolutional neural network can be trained to effectivelly predict physical quantities in different spin configurations. With a uniform neural network architecture, it can encode phases of matter and identify both second- and first-order phase transitions. The important features that discriminate different phases in the classification processes are investigated. These findings can help study and understand QCD phase transitions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, published version
Discrete time crystal made of topological edge magnons
Creators: name: Bhowmick, Dhiman
name: Sun, Hao
name: Yang, Bo
name: Sengupta, Pinaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the emergence of time-crystalline behavior in the π-Berry phase protected edge states of a Heisenberg ferromagnet in the presence of an external driving field. The magnon amplification due to the external field spontaneously breaks the discrete time-translational symmetry, resulting in a discrete time crystal with a period that is twice that of the applied EM field. We discuss the nature and symmetry protection of the time crystalline edge states and their stability against various perturbations that are expected in real quantum magnets. We propose an experimental signature to unambiguously detect the time crystalline behavior and identify two recently discovered quasi-2D magnets as potential hosts. We present a first-of-its-kind realization of time crystals at topological edge states, which can be generalized and extrapolated to other bosonic quasi-particle systems that exhibit parametric pumping and topological edge states.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Supervised learning of sparse context reconstruction coefficients for data representation and classification
Creators: name: Liu, Xuejie
name: Wang, Jingbin
name: Yin, Ming
name: Edwards, Benjamin
name: Xu, Peijuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context of data points, which is usually defined as the other data points in a data set, has been found to play important roles in data representation and classification. In this paper, we study the problem of using context of a data point for its classification problem. Our work is inspired by the observation that actually only very few data points are critical in the context of a data point for its representation and classification. We propose to represent a data point as the sparse linear combination of its context, and learn the sparse context in a supervised way to increase its discriminative ability. To this end, we proposed a novel formulation for context learning, by modeling the learning of context parameter and classifier in a unified objective, and optimizing it with an alternative strategy in an iterative algorithm. Experiments on three benchmark data set show its advantage over state-of-the-art context-based data representation and classification methods.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1507.00019
CP Phases in 2HDM and Effective Potential: A Geometrical View
Creators: name: Cao, Qing-Hong
name: Cheng, Kun
name: Xu, Changlong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a geometric description of 2HDM, we classify CP invariants into three independent sectors such as scalar potential, Yukawa interaction and CKM matrix. Thermal effective potential of 2HDM is calculated in a basis invariant way. It is shown that the CP violation in Yukawa interactions can contribute to effective potential at one loop level but the CP phase in the CKM matrix cannot leak to effective potential at all orders. In the 2HDM with a softly broken Z_2 symmetry, the leading thermal correction tends to restore the CP symmetry at high temperature.
A temporally and spatially local spike-based backpropagation algorithm to enable training in hardware
Creators: name: Biswas, Anmol
name: Saraswat, Vivek
name: Ganguly, Udayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a hardware efficient architecture for classification tasks. The challenge of spike-based encoding has been the lack of a universal training mechanism performed entirely using spikes. There have been several attempts to adopt the powerful backpropagation (BP) technique used in non-spiking artificial neural networks (ANN): (1) SNNs can be trained by externally computed numerical gradients. (2) A major advancement towards native spike-based learning has been the use of approximate Backpropagation using spike-time dependent plasticity (STDP) with phased forward/backward passes. However, the transfer of information between such phases for gradient and weight update calculation necessitates external memory and computational access. This is a challenge for standard neuromorphic hardware implementations. In this paper, we propose a stochastic SNN based Back-Prop (SSNN-BP) algorithm that utilizes a composite neuron to simultaneously compute the forward pass activations and backward pass gradients explicitly with spikes. Although signed gradient values are a challenge for spike-based representation, we tackle this by splitting the gradient signal into positive and negative streams. We show that our method approaches BP ANN baseline with sufficiently long spike-trains. Finally, we show that the well-performing softmax cross-entropy loss function can be implemented through inhibitory lateral connections enforcing a Winner Take All (WTA) rule. Our SNN with a 2-layer network shows excellent generalization through comparable performance to ANNs with equivalent architecture and regularization parameters on static image datasets like MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, Extended MNIST, and temporally encoded image datasets like Neuromorphic MNIST datasets. Thus, SSNN-BP enables BP compatible with purely spike-based neuromorphic hardware.
Der ewige Wettlauf zwischen Hase und Igel
Creators: name: Schulz, Eckart
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Bibliotheksautomatisierung
subject: Roboter
subject: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
subject: Erwin-Schrödinger-Zentrum
subject: Universitätsbibliothek
subject: library automation
subject: robots
subject: university library
subject: 022 Verwaltung von Bibliotheksgebäuden
subject: 600 Technik, Technologie

description: Runde um Runde surren Hase und Igel um den Lesesaal des Erwin-Schrödinger-Zentrums. Diese zwei Roboter sind seit nunmehr 15 Jahren die große Attraktion der Zweigbibliothek Naturwissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität in Berlin-Adlershof. Sie sind somit schon fast die dienstältesten Kollegen des Hauses und spürbar in die Jahre gekommen. Warum aber drehen sie hier ihre Runden und was tun sie eigentlich? Die Geschichte der beiden Helfer ist äußerst spannend.
Consistent Type IIB Reductions to Maximal 5D Supergravity
Creators: name: Baguet, Arnaud
name: Hohm, Olaf
name: Samtleben, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use exceptional field theory as a tool to work out the full non-linear reduction ansaetze for the AdS$_5\times S^5$ compactification of IIB supergravity and its non-compact counterparts in which the sphere $S^5$ is replaced by the inhomogeneous hyperboloidal space $H^{p,q}$. The resulting theories are the maximal 5D supergravities with gauge groups SO(p,q). They are consistent truncations in the sense that every solution of 5D supergravity lifts to a solution of IIB supergravity. In particular, every stationary point and every holographic RG flow of the scalar potentials for the compact and non-compact 5D gaugings directly lift to solutions of IIB supergravity.
description: 36 pages, v2: typos corrected, refs. added, to appear in PRD
State Estimation in Electric Power Systems Leveraging Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Kundacina, Ognjen
name: Cosovic, Mirsad
name: Vukobratovic, Dejan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The goal of the state estimation (SE) algorithm is to estimate complex bus voltages as state variables based on the available set of measurements in the power system. Because phasor measurement units (PMUs) are increasingly being used in transmission power systems, there is a need for a fast SE solver that can take advantage of high sampling rates of PMUs. This paper proposes training a graph neural network (GNN) to learn the estimates given the PMU voltage and current measurements as inputs, with the intent of obtaining fast and accurate predictions during the evaluation phase. GNN is trained using synthetic datasets, created by randomly sampling sets of measurements in the power system and labelling them with a solution obtained using a linear SE with PMUs solver. The presented results display the accuracy of GNN predictions in various test scenarios and tackle the sensitivity of the predictions to the missing input data.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, conference paper
Wigner Function Tomography via Optical Parametric Amplification
Creators: name: Kalash, Mahmoud
name: Chekhova, Maria V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wigner function tomography is indispensable for characterizing quantum states, but its commonly used version, balanced homodyne detection, suffers from several weaknesses. First, it requires efficient detection, which is critical for measuring fragile non-Gaussian states, especially bright ones. Second, it needs a local oscillator, tailored to match the spatiotemporal properties of the state under test, and fails for multimode and broadband states. Here we propose Wigner function tomography based on optical parametric amplification followed by direct detection. The method is immune to detection inefficiency and loss, and suitable for broadband, spatially and temporally multimode quantum states. To prove the principle, we experimentally reconstruct the Wigner function of squeezed vacuum occupying a single mode of a strongly multimode state. We obtain a squeezing of $-7.5\pm 0.4$ dB and a purity of $0.91^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$ despite more than $97\%$ loss caused mainly by filtering. Theoretically, we also consider the reconstruction of a squeezed single photon - a bright non-Gaussian state. Due to strong multimode parametric amplification, the method allows for the simultaneous tomography of multiple modes. This makes it a powerful tool for optical quantum information processing.
Data-driven Models to Anticipate Critical Voltage Events in Power Systems
Creators: name: De Caro, Fabrizio
name: Collin, Adam J.
name: Vaccaro, Alfredo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper explores the effectiveness of data-driven models to predict voltage excursion events in power systems using simple categorical labels. By treating the prediction as a categorical classification task, the workflow is characterized by a low computational and data burden. A proof-of-concept case study on a real portion of the Italian 150 kV sub-transmission network, which hosts a significant amount of wind power generation, demonstrates the general validity of the proposal and offers insight into the strengths and weaknesses of several widely utilized prediction models for this application.
description: In proceedings of the 11th Bulk Power Systems Dynamics and Control Symposium (IREP 2022), July 25-30, 2022, Banff, Canada
Looking-backward probabilities for Gibbs-type exchangeable random partitions
Creators: name: Bacallado, Sergio
name: Favaro, Stefano
name: Trippa, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Gibbs-type random probability measures and the exchangeable random partitions they induce represent the subject of a rich and active literature. They provide a probabilistic framework for a wide range of theoretical and applied problems that are typically referred to as species sampling problems. In this paper, we consider the class of looking-backward species sampling problems introduced in Lijoi et al. (Ann. Appl. Probab. 18 (2008) 1519-1547) in Bayesian nonparametrics. Specifically, given some information on the random partition induced by an initial sample from a Gibbs-type random probability measure, we study the conditional distributions of statistics related to the old species, namely those species detected in the initial sample and possibly re-observed in an additional sample. The proposed results contribute to the analysis of conditional properties of Gibbs-type exchangeable random partitions, so far focused mainly on statistics related to those species generated by the additional sample and not already detected in the initial sample.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/13-BEJ559 in the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)