cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spin kinetic equations in the probability representation of quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Chernega, Vladimir N.
name: Man'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibility to formulate the dynamics of spin states described by the Schrodinger equation for pure states and the von Neumann equation (as well as the GKSL equation) for mixed states in the form of quantum kinetic equations for probability distributions. We review an approach to the spin-state description by means of the probability distributions of dichotomic random variables.
Development and application of advanced analytical methods for ex-ante and ex-post evaluation of the effects af changes in the Common Agricultural Policy and in macroeconomic determinants (Synthesis)
Creators: name: Figiel, Szczepan
name: Hamulczuk, Mariusz
name: Figiel, Szczepan
name: Hamulczuk, Mariusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: production growth
subject: production income
subject: agri-food sector
subject: agricultural policy
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: price risk
subject: income risk
subject: agricultural markets

description: Demand-related premises of production growth and income allocation in the agri-food sector. Using the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models in the analysis and evaluation of the agricultural policy. Perspectives and effects of potential CAP changes in the light of modelling results. Price and income risk in agricultural markets. Possibilities of stabilising the income of agricultural producers.
CFD modeling of the hydrodynamics of circulating fluidized bed riser
Creators: name: Almuttahar, Adnan M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A two dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to simulate the hydrodynamics of gas-solid flow in a high density circulating fluidized bed (HDCFB) riser using the commercial CFD software, Fluent. The Eulerian-Granular multiphase model was applied, which treats both phases as a continuum while the governing equations of mass and momentum conservation were solved for gas and solid phases. The kinetic theory of granular flow was used to provide the closure relations for the governing equations for the solid phase. CFD modeling of the isothermal multiphase flow of air and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser has been performed and compared to the experimental findings of particle volume fraction, particle axial velocity, and local particle solid flux profiles reported by J. Liu (Liu, PHD thesis, 2001 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Colombia). The simulated profiles were overall in good qualitative agreement with the experiments, while similarly, the simulated particle axial velocities were in good quantitative and qualitative agreement with the experiments. However, due to the difficulties in modeling the solid segregation toward the wall accurately, the solid volume fraction was under predicted near the walls. The effect of different drag models including Gidaspow, Arastoopour, and Syamlal and O’Brien drag models on modeling results was investigated. All the drag models predicted quite similar flow hydrodynamics; however, the Syamlal and O’Brien drag model, which was modified based on the minimum fluidization velocity of the applied FCC particles, indicated better predictions of the solid volume fraction profiles at the core area. Different wall restitution coefficient values and solid slip conditions have been applied to study their effects on solid volume fraction distribution across the riser. While the wall restitution coefficient did not exhibit a significant effect on the riser hydrodynamics, the appropriate slip condition aided in predicting the solid segregation toward the wall. Using the free solid slip condition resulted in a better agreement with the experimental data of the solid volume fraction distribution near the walls. Finally, the model was evaluated comprehensively by comparing its predictions with experimental results reported for a circulating fluidized bed riser operating at a solid mass flux in the range of 94 to 550 kg/m²s and a superficial gas velocity in the range of 4 to 8 m/s. The model was capable of predicting the main gas-solid flow features in the HDCFB riser operating at a solid mass flux in the range of 254 to 455 kg/m²s. However, the model was incapable of accurately predicting the gas-solid flow behavior in a low density circulating fluidized bed riser with a solid mass flux of 94 kg/ m²s and risers operating in dense suspensipon up-flow regime with a solid mass flux of 550 kg/ m²s.
On the spin-spin correlation functions of the XXZ spin-1/2 infinite chain
Creators: name: Kitanine, N.
name: Maillet, J. M.
name: Slavnov, N. A.
name: Terras, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a new multiple integral representation for the spin-spin correlation functions of the XXZ spin-1/2 infinite chain. We show that this representation is closely related with the partition function of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions.
description: 24 pages
Planning and Production Control (PPC) on a footwear industry microenterprise: A case study
Creators: name: Souza, José De
name: Cleiton Eduardo Dos Reis
name: Krumenauer, Gabriel Luis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91008 Manufacturing Safety and Quality
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The Production Planning and Control (PCP) on a footwear industry microenterprise outsourced is the study object of the next job. Industrialization and manufacture data were analyzed with use the product directly into the timing operations. The PCP model we set up the script for production and product structure, so as to be allowed for possible production bottlenecks and manage the inputs used. As a result we obtained an improvement in efficiency and consequently reduce costs with balancing the production line, and strict control of materials with the ABC classification of inventory.
Analysing the effect of the EU membership on agricultural and rural areas: the case of Hungary
Creators: name: Monasterolo, Irene
name: Monasterolo, Irene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: agricultural and rural development policy evaluation
subject: rural areas identification
subject: policy targeting
subject: EU enlargement

description: Several progresses were made in evaluating the development policies for rural areas in the last years. Many indicators were introduced to assess the effectiveness of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Rural Development Policies (RDPs), and their role on the convergence process of the EU members, but a shared definition of rurality is still missing. This paper offers a methodological contribution towards the identification of rural areas and the assessment of the changes occurred during the EU membership, with particular attention to the CAP contribution, in Hungary. Applying explorative techniques belonging to multivariate statistics and stepwise econometrics to a set of relevant variables, clustered maps of the changes occurred in the Hungarian agricultural and rural areas before (2003) and after (2007) the EU enlargement are provided. The author believes that more targeted – and therefore efficient – policies for agricultural and rural areas require a deeper knowledge of their structural and dynamic characteristics.
Shear effects on passive scalar spectra
Creators: name: Celani, A.
name: Cencini, M.
name: Vergassola, M.
name: Villermaux, E.
name: Vincenzi, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of a large-scale shear on the energy spectrum of a passively advected scalar field are investigated. The shear is superimposed on a turbulent isotropic flow, yielding an Obukhov-Corrsin $k^{-5/3}$ scalar spectrum at small scales. Shear effects appear at large scales, where a different, anisotropic behavior is observed. The scalar spectrum is shown to behave as $k^{-4/3}$ for a shear fixed in intensity and direction. For other types of shear characteristics, the slope is generally intermediate between the -5/3 Obukhov-Corrsin's and the -1 Batchelor's values. The physical mechanisms at the origin of this behaviour are illustrated in terms of the motion of Lagrangian particles. They provide an explanation to the scalar spectra shallow and dependent on the experimental conditions observed in shear flows at moderate Reynolds numbers.
description: 10 LaTeX pages,3 eps Figures
DeepFacePencil: Creating Face Images from Freehand Sketches
Creators: name: Li, Yuhang
name: Chen, Xuejin
name: Yang, Binxin
name: Chen, Zihan
name: Cheng, Zhihua
name: Zha, Zheng-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we explore the task of generating photo-realistic face images from hand-drawn sketches. Existing image-to-image translation methods require a large-scale dataset of paired sketches and images for supervision. They typically utilize synthesized edge maps of face images as training data. However, these synthesized edge maps strictly align with the edges of the corresponding face images, which limit their generalization ability to real hand-drawn sketches with vast stroke diversity. To address this problem, we propose DeepFacePencil, an effective tool that is able to generate photo-realistic face images from hand-drawn sketches, based on a novel dual generator image translation network during training. A novel spatial attention pooling (SAP) is designed to adaptively handle stroke distortions which are spatially varying to support various stroke styles and different levels of details. We conduct extensive experiments and the results demonstrate the superiority of our model over existing methods on both image quality and model generalization to hand-drawn sketches.
description: ACM MM 2020 (oral)
Additional file 2 of Examining educational attainment and allostatic load in non-Hispanic Black women
Creators: name: Williams, Brittany Marie
name: Laurent, Christian
name: Chawla, Rishab
name: Moore, Justin Xavier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Table 2. Association Between Education and High Allostatic Load Stratified by Age Groups, Presented as Prevalence Ratios (PRs) and Associated 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), among 4,177 participants, using NHANES weighting an estimated 9,494,904 US Black Women.
title: 01_2163
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Possible Role of Universities in Shortening the Timescale of Change of Social Embeddedness through Participatory Actions
Creators: name: Katona-Kovacs, Judit
name: Kalmár-Hollósi, Erika
name: Bóta-Horváth, Noémi
name: Katona-Kovacs, Judit
name: Kalmár-Hollósi, Erika
name: Bóta-Horváth, Noémi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: participatory actions
subject: rural development
subject: social embeddedness
subject: universities

description: Resources addressed in this work are human and social ones. They are integral parts of the institutional arrangements domain from the rural web concept. Institutional arrangements are drawn parallel with New Institutional Economics (NIE) in this study. Inside NIE the paper focuses on Social embeddedness. Social embeddedness as the first level of the institutions is understood as Mental Models in this paper. The literature underlines that Social embeddedness is the level of the institutions where longest timescale is needed for change. The study tries to examine if participatory actions initiated by Universities, helping generating dialogues and discussions, can shorten the timescale of social embeddedness so as to improve the results of rural development policies. The methods used along the paper are case studies, where the authors of the paper carry out participatory actions in a region of the North Great Plain Region of Hungary. In our paper we discuss that different participatory actions (rural action learning, participatory action research, participatory video etc.) could shorten the period of change on level one and also examine and underline the role of Universities in this process.
A comparison of mobility assistive devices for elderly and patients with lower limb injury: Narrative Review
Creators: name: Arefin, Paroma
name: Md Shehan Habib
name: Aishawarya Arefin
name: Saidul Arefin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Techniques
subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 90303 Biomedical Instrumentation

description: Older adults, people with chronic conditions, the disabled, and people with mobility impairments suffer from movement difficulties and have the risk of falling. Mobility aids alleviate the impact of mobility limitations or improve independence and reduce the burden of care and help people with mobility problems to move around enjoy greater freedom and independence. These assistive devices are essential to facilitate more movement independence and reduce pain and boost self-confidence and happiness in the regular life of the elderly. In this review paper, we have addressed the context and need for mobility aids. The main objective of the research was to explore different options of mobility assistive devices and compare their advantages and drawbacks. The study found standard cane as the most popular assistive device of all due to its user convenience. This study can help to find out the limitations of different mobility aids and help to improve features to increase user convenience.
Integrating membrane, ozonation, and biological processes for the treatment of alkaline bleach plant effluent
Creators: name: Bijan, Leila
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The removal of organic compounds from alkaline bleach plant pulp mill effluent was investigated using integration of ozonation, biological treatment, and ultrafiltration processes. The synergies of combining these processes were studied. O₃-Bio, Bio-O₃-Bio, and UF-(O₃-)r --(Bio)rf combined treatments, that used 0.26-0.35 mg O₃/mL wastewater in the bubble column, provided about 57-65% COD removal from the alkaline effluent. This amount of removal was up to three times more than the COD removal obtained by stand-alone ozonation or biotreatment. The significantly greater COD removal indicated the presence of synergies between the treatment methods. Significant changes in BOD₅, COD, TC (or TOC), pH, and colour were obtained for the ozonation stage of Bio-O₃-Bio and UF-(O₃-)r --(Bio)rf treatments. Ozonation alone that was conducted on the alkaline effluent increased the biodegradability (measured as BOD₅/COD) of the whole effluent by 30-40% using 0.7-0.8 mg O₃/mL wastewater. The improvement in the biodegradability is related to the cleavage of high molecular weight (HMW) compounds, which were found non-biodegradable, and production of low molecular weight (LMW) organics, which were very biodegradable. When ozone was applied to each molecular size fraction, it did not change the biodegradability of LMWs and BOD₅/COD stayed constant at about 50%. Ozonation, on the other hand, increased the biodegradability of HMWs by 50%. Hence, it was found important to remove the LMW organics before ozonating the wastewater to reduce the size of the bubble column and improve the overall performance of ozonation through reducing scavengers of oxidizing radicals. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the initial pH (range: 9 to 11) and temperature (range: 20 and 60°C) of the effluent did not influence the biodegradability improvement during the ozonation at 95% confidence level. However, the effect of pH became significant when a wider range of pH (4.5 vs. 11) was examined. The rate of COD removal during the ozonation followed a first order kinetics with respect to COD. The percentage COD removal during the actual biological treatment was found more than the value estimated using BOD₅/COD and a linear function was obtained to correlate them.
Socio-economic inequalities: Romanian rural area typologies
Creators: name: Rusu, Marioara
name: Tudor, Monica Mihaela
name: Voicilas, Dan Marius
name: Rusu, Marioara
name: Tudor, Monica Mihaela
name: Voicilas, Dan Marius
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: socio-economic inequality
subject: rural area
subject: Romania

description: The economic and social inequalities take multiple forms. Their complexity and effect upon individual and overall human development are increasingly deep as several inequality risk sources are cumulated. There is a well-known mutual driving effect that the economic inequality causes have upon social inequality, the reciprocal being also valid. The present study attempts to identify the main inequality sources in the Romanian rural area: the demographic disequilibria in the first place, followed by the territory technical infrastructure, economic development of the area that provides occupational opportunities, social infrastructure and appetence for investments. We propose a theoretical methodology for the aggregation of rural inequality indicators, which enables grouping the communes from Romania into three clusters, depending on the cumulated intensity of the manifestation of factors that describe and/or condition the socioeconomic inequalities.
ANRS - Jean-François Delfraissy
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 fichier (2 pages). Pièce jointe : invitation aux 3e rencontres internationales de Recherche du 10 juin 2011- Hôtel de Marigny 23, avenue de Marigny Paris
Economic Analysis of Feral Pig Invasion Following Volcanic Eruption in Montserrat
Creators: name: Gerald, Claude
name: Pemberton, Carlisle
name: Gerald, Claude
name: Pemberton, Carlisle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: feral pigs
subject: ecosystems
subject: economic policies
subject: cost/benefit analysis
subject: bahavioural policies

description: The major objective of this paper is to trace the economic causes of the invasion by feral pigs into the North of Montserrat during the current period of the volcanic eruption. These pigs are now a threat to the integrity of the ecosystems and the agricultural sector. The paper will attempt to set out a research framework to answer the following research questions: What has been the impact of the invasion of these pigs on agriculture? What relationships exist between economy-wide policies and the invasion of the pigs? Can changes in economic policies help in addressing the problem that currently exists? After the volcanic eruption of 1995, the numbers of feral pigs have increased markedly in the inhabited North. This followed the escape of domesticated stock, from the forced abandonment of the relatively more productive areas in the South of Montserrat. The paper proposes an Action Impact Matrix model to examine the linkages between: economic policies; the behavioural responses of resource users in the agrarian sectors; the feral pig invasion; and environmental sustainability. The paper also proposes a cost/benefit analysis of the invasion and a more conventional Policy Analysis Matrix of pig production on the island. Finally simulation analysis is proposed to determine the effect of the risk of further volcanic activity on the relationships and matrices developed in the study.
Bi2W2O9: a potentially antiferroelectric Aurivillius phase
Creators: name: Djani, Hania
name: McCabe, Emma. E.
name: Zhang, W.
name: Halasyamani, P. S.
name: Feteira, A.
name: Bieder, J.
name: Bousquet, E.
name: Ghosez, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroelectric tungsten-based Aurivillius oxides are naturally stable superlattice structures, in which A-site deficient perovskite blocks [WnO3n+1]-2 (n = 1, 2, 3, ...) interleave with fluorite-like bismuth oxide layers [Bi2O2]+2 along the c -axis. In the n = 2 Bi2W2O9 phase, an in-plane antipolar distortion dominates but there has been controversy as to the ground state symmetry. Here we show, using a combination of first-principles density functional theory calculations and experiments, that the ground state is a non-polar phase of Pnab symmetry. We explore the energetics of metastable phases and the potential for antiferroelectricity in this n=2 Aurivillius phase.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of three methods for delineation and attenuation estimation of the sinus region in MR-based attenuation correction for brain PET-MR imaging
Creators: name: Lindén, Jani
name: Teuho, Jarmo
name: Teräs, Mika
name: Klén, Riku
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A for detailed description of the methodology for air cavity delineation, Appendix B for details of the methodology used for summing matrix elements efficiently, and Appendix C for full summary of data points used for sinus conversion.
Evaluacion de la sostenibilidad de la agricultura de subsistencia en San Jose de Cusmapa, Nicaragua
Creators: name: Prieto, Esperanza
name: Gonzalez, Omar
name: Zazo, Alicia
name: Diaz-Ambrona, Carlos G.
name: Prieto, Esperanza
name: Gonzalez, Omar
name: Zazo, Alicia
name: Diaz-Ambrona, Carlos G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Alimentacion
subject: Campesinos
subject: Cultivos
subject: Indigenas
subject: Indicadores
subject: crop
subject: food
subject: indicators
subject: peasant
subject: indigenous

description: Evaluar la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agricolas campesinos representa un reto a nivel global ya que la agricultura familiar produce mas del 70% de los alimentos del planeta. En Nicaragua, el 49% de la poblacion rural practica agricultura familiar, siendo el 38% de subsistencia. La zona de estudio se situo en 11 comunidades del municipio de San Jose de Cusmapa (departamento de Madriz, Nicaragua) donde se realizaron 80 encuestas semiestructuradas. Se analizaron los indicadores de: rendimiento, eficiencia energetica, tasa beneficio/coste agricola, riesgo de erosion, agrobiodiversidad, acceso a innovaciones tecnologicas y participacion en las organizaciones. Esta agricultura campesina esta muy lejos de las objetivos de sostenibilidad marcados y se manifiesta en carencias alimenticias y nutricionales. Entre los indicadores analizados cabe destacar los bajos valores alcanzados en el indicador rendimiento y en la agrobiodiversidad. Por ello, es nevesario que las comunidades campesinas fortalezcan su capacidad de adaptacion con el fin de mejorar su nivel de vida y la salud de su ecosistema. Sustainability evaluation of peasant agricultural systems is becoming a global challenge due to the fact that family farms produce over 70% of food supply. In rural areas of Nicaragua family farm involve about 49% population and the subsistence agriculture represents 38 percent. The study area was located in 11 communities in the municipality of San Jose de Cusmapa (county of Madriz, Nicaragua) where 80 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The sustainability indicators: crop yield, energy efficiency, agricultural benefit/cost ratio, erosion risk, agrobiodiversity, technology availability and community participation were analyzed. It shows an unsustainable handling of both natural resources and farming systems, levels of extreme poverty manifested in food shortages and nutritional deficiencies. Among the analyzed indicators, it should be noted the low values of crop yield and agrobiodiversity. It will, therefore, be necessary to uplift the adaptation capacity of peasant communities, in order to improve their standard of living and the ecosystem's health.
Prepare the cold-chain to deliver the COVID-19 vaccine
Creators: name: Kohli, Pawanexh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150309 Logistics and Supply Chain Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The battle against Covid-19 will only be won once a vaccine, when developed, is distributed and administered to achieve herd immunity. For that to happen, the cold chain has to be prepared in advance, otherwise the virus will just drag on.
title: Automatic human-head and shoulder segmentation of frontal-view face images
Creators: name: Melán, Robin
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: head and shoulder segmentation
subject: background removal

description: Bildsegmentierung ist eines der elementaren Themen in der Mustererkennung und Bildverarbeitung. Das erst kürzlich entdeckte spezifische Problem einer automatischen Kopf-, Gesichtund Schultersegmentierung, gewinnt in letzter Zeit an Bedeutung für eine Reihe von Anwendungen. Vorranging wäre eine automatische Extraktion einer Person von einem undefinerten, komplexen Hintergrund für jegliche Profilbilder von Nutzen, die in Dokumenten verwendet werden können. Ebenfalls würde eine solche Anwendung Verbesserungen bei der automatischen Gesichtserkennung bedeuten, und weiters im E-Government Bereich bzw. gewerblichen Sektor von Interesse sein. In dieser Arbeit behandeln wir das Problem der automatischen Kopf-, Gesichtund Schultersegmentierung aus Bildern in Frontalansicht mit einem undefinierten komplexen Hintergrund, indem wir eine Methodik bestehend aus individuellen Teilaufgaben präsentieren. Diese Teilaufgaben können unabhängig voneinander betrachtet werden und bestehen aus einer Gesichtshautfarbe-Detektion, einer Gegenüberstellung zweier Superpixel Algorithmen und der Untersuchung von Haarund Kleidungseigenschaften für unsere Haarund Schultersegmentierung. Wir evaluieren unsere Methoden und präsentieren konkurrenzfähige Resultate in jeder Teilaufgabe.
description: Object segmentation is one of the basic issues in image processing and computer vision. However, especially human-head and shoulder segmentation is a topic which was introduced only recently, gaining in importance for a wide area of computer vision applications, such as testing compliance for ID document issuing, improving images for facial recognition or even used in the upcoming e-governmental self services and commercial sector. In this thesis we address the problem of automatic human-head and shoulder segmentation of frontal-view face images from non-uniform complex backgrounds and propose an approach composed of different subtask. These subtasks can be viewed individually and consist of a novel face skin silhouette detection approach based on supervised classification learners, a study of two state-of-the-art superpixel algorithms in relation to the specified problem statement and a novel hair and shoulder segmentation approach. We discuss and evaluate our methods and present competitive results for each subtask.
COVID-19 and Your Smartphone: BLE-based Smart Contact Tracing
Creators: name: Ng, Pai Chet
name: Spachos, Petros
name: Plataniotis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contact tracing is of paramount importance when it comes to preventing the spreading of infectious diseases. Contact tracing is usually performed manually by authorized personnel. Manual contact tracing is an inefficient, error-prone, time-consuming process of limited utility to the population at large as those in close contact with infected individuals are informed hours, if not days, later. This paper introduces an alternative way to manual contact tracing. The proposed Smart Contact Tracing (SCT) system utilizes the smartphone's Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signals and machine learning classifier to accurately and quickly determined the contact profile. SCT's contribution is two-fold: a) classification of the user's contact as high/low-risk using precise proximity sensing, and b) user anonymity using a privacy-preserving communications protocol. SCT leverages BLE's non-connectable advertising feature to broadcast a signature packet when the user is in the public space. Both broadcasted and observed signatures are stored in the user's smartphone and they are only uploaded to a secure signature database when a user is confirmed by public health authorities to be infected. Using received signal strength (RSS) each smartphone estimates its distance from other user's phones and issues real-time alerts when social distancing rules are violated. The paper includes extensive experimentation utilizing real-life smartphone positions and a comparative evaluation of five machine learning classifiers. Reported results indicate that a decision tree classifier outperforms other states of the art classification methods in terms of accuracy. Lastly, to facilitate research in this area, and to contribute to the timely development of advanced solutions the entire data set of six experiments with about 123,000 data points is made publicly available.
Electron-Phonon Interaction in Tetrahedral Semiconductors
Creators: name: Cardona, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of electron-phonon interactions on the band structure can be experimentally investigated in detail by measuring the temperature dependence of energy gaps or critical points (van Hove singularities) of the optical excitation spectra. These studies have been complemented in recent years by observing the dependence of such spectra on isotopic mass whenever different stable isotopes of a given atom are available at affordable prices. In crystals composed of different atoms, the effect of the vibration of each separate atom can thus be investigated by isotopic substitution. Because of the zero-point vibrations, such effects are present even at zero temperature (T = 0). In this paper we discuss state-of-the-art calculations of the dielectric function spectra and compare them with experimental results, with emphasis on the differences introduced by the electron-phonon interaction. The temperature dependence of various optical parameters will be described by means of one or two (in a few cases three) Einstein oscillators, except at the lowest temperatures where the T4 law (contrary to the Varshini T2 result) will be shown to apply. Increasing an isotopic mass increases the energy gaps, except in the case of monovalent Cu (e.g., CuCl) and possibly Ag (e.g., AgGaS2). It will be shown that the gaps of tetrahedral materials containing an element of the first row of the periodic table (C,N,O) are strongly affected by the electron-phonon interaction. It will be conjectured that this effect is related to the superconductivity recently observed in heavily boron-doped carbon.
description: 17 pages, 17 fifures
title: Corpus linguistics for the exploration of legal precedent
Creators: name: Brown, Evan David
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: A deterioration of legal research skills has become a critical issue for lawyers. This thesis examines the causes of the problem under English law and specifically addresses how current technology for legal research contributes to or ameliorates the skills deficit. England has a "common law" system where the state of the law is determined by precedents laid down in previous cases. This linkage between cases means that lawyers have to assimilate a large amount of written language in order to understand the key elements of prior judgements. There are approximately two million criminal cases and another two million civil cases heard in England each year, from which the important decisions are reported. This thesis first analyses the way in which lawyers work in conducting legal research. The findings indicate that the move online has improved access to legal information but it has compromised the ability of practitioners to identify high-quality precedent and to discard information which is not relevant. A side-effect is the marginalisation of trained law librarians and their curation skills which contributes to the problem. Existing platforms prioritise comprehensive data coverage over delivering a curated research environment. A need to better train lawyers in the skills of critical thinking and linguistic analysis through computer-based tools is identified. This thesis proposes that linguistic analysis techniques from the domain of corpus linguistics can help. Single-context legal research tools which minimise the need to switch between different applications are also required. Effective working is currently compromised by having to navigate between many different tools. The development of effective collaboration skills is of particular importance. Lawyers must work well in teams in order to prepare cases effectively. The Legal Research and Collaboration platform is the prototype application which results from this research. It is a software system for legal research within teams of lawyers. Experiments establish how effectively LARC works for both practising lawyers and for law students. A foundation for future work is laid because the software is entirely open source and is based upon open access legal data. The results show that critical barriers which result in poor legal research skills can be ameliorated by well-designed computer-based tools.
Incorporacion de dinamicas territoriales en un modelo para la seleccion de sellos de origen
Creators: name: Camacho, Yesid Vincente
name: Munoz, Ana Cristina
name: Real, Eduardo
name: Camacho, Yesid Vincente
name: Munoz, Ana Cristina
name: Real, Eduardo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: sellos de origen
subject: desarrollo rural territorial
subject: estrategias de diferenciacion
subject: decision multicriterio
subject: proceso de analisis jerarquico -AHP
subject: origin label products
subject: rural territorial development
subject: differentiation strategies
subject: multi-criteria decision analysis
subject: analytic hierarchy process -AHP.

description: Se usa el Proceso de Analisis Jerarquico -AHP- para proponer y avaluar un modelo de decision que orienta la seleccion del tipo de sello de origen mas adecuado a implementar en productos con calidad ligada al origen. Tres dimensiones componen el modelo, el cinculo territorial de la produccion y el reconocimiento del productom relacionados con aspectos exigidos en las reglamentaciones, y la dinamica territorial, relacionadad con las capacidades de accion caolectiva, pertencia y proximidades organizativas. El modelo fue valroado por 16 expertos, academicos y consultores de sellos de origen en Espana. En conjunto, el grupo de expertos considera que el vinculo territorial de la produccion (46,32%) es la dimension mas importante para la seleccion del sello de origen y la dinamica territorial (28,3%) resulta ser mas importante que el reconocimiento del producto (25,3%). A nivel de alternativas de DOP es considerada la mas exigente para casi todos los criterios del modelo, seguido de la IGP, excepto para algunos subcriterios de la dinamica territorial, en los que la marca colectiva es considerada mas exigente. Analytic hierarchy process -AHP- is used to propose and evaluate a decision model that guide the choice of the most suited origin label type to be implemented within agri-food products with quality linked to territory. Three dimensions compose the model: territorial link of production, product recognition, related to aspects required in the regulation, and territorial dynamics related to collective action capabilities, membership and organizational proximity. The model was valued by 16 experts, scholars and origin labels consultants in Spain. Expert group considers that territorial link of production (46.32%) is the most important dimension for the selection label: territorial dynamics (28.3%) resulted more important than product recognition (25.3%). PDO was considered the more demanding alternative for almost every element of the model, followed by the PGI, except for some subcriterion linked to the territorial dynamics, for which collective mark was regarded more demanding.
Factores de adopcion de la Produccion Integrada en el sector olivarero de Andalucia
Creators: name: Hinojosa-Rodriguez, Ascension
name: Parra-Lopez, Carlos
name: Carmona-Torres, Carmen
name: Sayadi, Samir
name: Hinojosa-Rodriguez, Ascension
name: Parra-Lopez, Carlos
name: Carmona-Torres, Carmen
name: Sayadi, Samir
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Olicar
subject: Sistemas de Calidad Certificada
subject: Produccion Integrada
subject: factores de adopcion
subject: difucion
subject: innovacion
subject: Olive growing
subject: certified quality systems
subject: integrated Production
subject: adoption factores
subject: diffusion
subject: innovation.

description: La Produccion Integrada (PI) es un Sistema de Calidad Certificada (SCC) que garantiza la implementacion de practicas agrarias que maximizan el uso de los recursos y los mecanismos de produccion y una agricultura sostenible a largo plazo y que puede generar una ventaja competitiva para los agricultores. En este articulo se analiza el nivel de conocimiento y adopcion de un amplio abanuico de SCC en olivar y se identifican los factores, relativos a las caracteristicas de agricultores y sus explotaciones, que han condicionado la adopcion de la PI en el olivar andaluz, el SCC mas difundido. Para ello, se llevo a cabo una encuesta a 400 agricultores de las principales zonas olivareras de Andalucia en 2010/2011. Los resultados indican bajos niveles de conocimiento/adopcion de los SCC, la importancia del 'contagio' de informacion entre olivicultores y con redes profesionales, y la necesidad del sector de mayor profesionalizacion, rejuvenecimiento, formacion y orientacion a los mercados y la proteccion ambiental. Integrated Production (IP) is a Certified Quality System (CQS) that guarantees the implementation of agricultural practices that maximize the use of resources and production mechanisms and long-term sustainable agriculture and can generate a competitive advantage for farmers. This article analyses the knowledge and adoption levels of a wide range of CQS in olive growing and identifies factors related to the characteristics of farmers and their farms, which have conditioned the adoption in Andalusian olive of IP, the most widespread CQS. For this purpose, a survey of 400 farmers in the main olive-growing areas of Andalusia was conducted in 2010/2011. The results indicate low levels of knowledge/adoption of CQS, the importance of the 'contagion' of information among olive growers and professional networks, and the need in the sector for more professionalization, rejuvenation, training and targeting to markets and environmental protection.
Additional file 1 of A patient-initiated treatment model for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Lawes-Wickwar, Sadie
name: McBain, Hayley
name: Brini, Stefano
name: Hirani, Shashivadan P.
name: Hurt, Catherine S.
name: Flood, Chris
name: Dunlop, Nicola
name: Solly, Dianne
name: Crampton, Bridget
name: Newman, Stanton P.
name: Ezra, Daniel G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table of estimated marginal means for each variable at each time point.
The Inverse Problem of Reconstructing Reaction-Diffusion Systems
Creators: name: Kaltenbacher, Barbara
name: Rundell, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35R30, 65M32, Secondary: 35R11

description: This paper considers the inverse problem of recovering state-dependent source terms in a reaction-diffusion system from overposed data consisting of the values of the state variables either at a fixed finite time (census-type data) or a time trace of their values at a fixed point on the boundary of the spatial domain. We show both uniqueness results and the convergence of an iteration scheme designed to recover these sources. This leads to a reconstructive method and we shall demonstrate its effectiveness by several illustrative examples.
Simulation of pressure drop and coke deposition in the grid of a scrubber
Creators: name: Subudhi, Nirmalkumar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Hot vapours from bitumen coking are contacted with bitumen fractions and gas oils in scrubber systems in order to cool the vapour and remove the heavy components. In fluid coking, the scrubber contains a grid of layers of structured packing as well as a section of sheds. The pressure drop in the scrubber grid increases over time due to the formation of coke on the grid surface. This build up eventually results in the shutdown of the fluid coker. The objective of this study is to understand the pressure drop change in the scrubber grid due to the formation of coke. HYSYS was used to calculate physical and thermodynamic properties in the system and to model the contact and separator processes. The Bravo-Rocha-Fair (BRF) model was used to calculate pressure drop for Koch-Glitsch Flexigrid #2 packing in counter-current flow. Liquid droplets of high molecular mass species from the coker are present in the vapour which enters the grid. Transport and attachment models for the droplets are used to calculate the total mass of droplets which stick to the surface per unit time. The +524°C heavy components in the droplets are assumed to undergo reactions to form volatiles and toluene insolubles (coke). The mass of carbonaceous solids formed per unit time is calculated using the available coking kinetics. As the coke layer grows, the voidage in the packing decreases, and the pressure drop increases. Therefore the pressure drop build-up calculation involves using HYSYS to calculate the contribution of droplets in the vapour and all fluid properties, the BRF model to calculate pressure drop in counter-current multiphase flow, a mass transfer model to evaluate transport of fine droplets to both dry and wetted portions of the grid, an attachment model to determine the quantity of droplets which adhere to the surface, and a coking kinetics model to calculate the solids build-up. The attachment coefficient was set for a base case to give an increase in pressure drop of 1" H₂0 over a one year operating time. Two extreme cases were considered - a highly temperature sensitive (high activation energy) adhesion process, and a nearly temperature independent (low activation energy) adhesion process. Calculations were undertaken to illustrate the roles of wetting of the packing, droplet size, and wash oils flow and temperature on the deposit build-up with time. This model can, in principle, be extended to other scrubbers for multi-component hydrocarbon mixtures.
Gregory Colbert's Visual Poetry: A Journey into Emotional Storytelling with Photography
Creators: name: Oliveira D., M. Jorge
Publisher: name: EmpowerVerse Media, Information & Communication Agency
Year: 2024
Subjects: Gregory Colbert
photography
collaboration

description: Gregory Colbert is a visionary photographer known for his remarkable ability to portray an emotional and often mystical connection between humans and nature. His work, which he describes as a “collaboration” with animals and Indigenous communities, has become widely celebrated for its sensitive portrayal of the human-nature relationship. This article explores Colbert’s life, philosophy, and techniques, offering readers insight into his profound approach to photography and practical inspiration to enhance their own craft.
Prepare now to deliver the COVID-19 vaccine
Creators: name: Kohli, Pawanexh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150309 Logistics and Supply Chain Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: While social distancing and self-isolation can delay the spread of COVID-19, it is only the competent and complete distribution and administration of its vaccine that will beat the virus. Countries must be ready to undertake this on a massive scale, by the time the vaccine is readied.