Satsuma careocaecum Wu & Hwang & Lin 2008, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Wu, Shu-Ping
name: Hwang, Chung-Chi
name: Lin, Yao-Sung
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Camaenidae
Satsuma
Satsuma careocaecum

description: SATSUMA CAREOCAECUM SP. NOV. (FIGS 15, 16)    Material examined   
 Type specimen: Holotype: TMMT 0603 (from type locality, dry shell, tissue in alcohol). Seventeen paratypes: all from type locality, TMMT 0651 (dry shell, tissue in alcohol, dissected); TMMT 0622–0624, TMMT 0646–0650 (dry shell, tissue in alcohol); BMNH 20060769–20060771, ANSP 413686 (N = 3), SMF 329393–329394 (dry shell).   
 Type locality   
Guanziling, Tainan County, southern Taiwan (Fig. 1, Table 1).  
 Diagnosis   
Shell and soft body white with grey pedal stripe; base expanded; penial caecum absent.  
 Etymology   
 L. careo: lack; caeca: caecum, referring to the lack of a penial caecum.   
 Description   
 Shell (Fig. 15): Dextral, conical, thin, rigid, medium sized. Apex obtuse. Whorls inflated. Periphery bluntly angulated to arc-like. Base expanded. Pre-apertural constriction behind outer and inferior lips present. Surface sheen with spiral striae. Shell colour white or white milky. Periostracum fine. Aperture diagonal, ovate-lunate. Peristome thin, expanded, reflected. Inferior lip curved downwards. Columellar lip oblique, reflected covering most of umbilicus. Junction of columellar lip and inferior lip roundly angulated.   
 Band or stain: Polymorphism exists in this taxon. Most individuals exhibit a red-brown to black-purple stain around the umbilicus, columellar, columellar lip and apex; a sub-peripheral band is present in some specimens. The outer lip and inferior lip lack such coloration. Band formula = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0; 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0; 1 0 0 0 5 0 7 0.   
 Reproductive system (Fig. 16): Bursa stalk long, almost slender. Proximal and middle vagina equally thin without conspicuous boundary between them, smooth externally, bearing 8–12 smooth, irregular strength folds internally; distal vagina one-third length of vagina. Flagellum long, tapering, with slender tip. Epiphallus with four weak pilasters inside. Penial caecum absent. Segment corresponding to penial caecum with three weak pilasters inside; then continued by slender tubule to penis. No verge or apparent internal constriction observed. Penis weak, gradually becoming robust towards atrium; middle penis with five clear, smooth, thin pilasters; distal penis with five strong, irregular, wiggly pilasters. Spermatophore (Fig. 16C) found in bursa stalk of figured individual (TMMT 0651); apical end partly digested in bursa copulatrix (not shown); tail tip remains in proximal vagina; cross-section at middle part (Fig. 16D) with three shallow valleculae and a projected fold. Six specimens were dissected.   
 Distribution   
From Guanziling to Dongshan, northern Tainan County, southern Taiwan (Fig. 1, Table 1).  
 Remarks   
The perching distance is typically from 3 m above ground to the canopy. Mature individuals often appear during winter (Fig. 15K).  
 The absence of a penial caecum is the most distinct character among species of this species complex. Some Satsuma species, e.g. S. nux paiwanis (Kuroda, 1941), showed a reduced penial caecum (Chang, 1989), whilst others, e.g. Pancala batanica pancala (Schmacker & Boettger, 1891) and Pancala bacca (Pfeiffer, 1866 [1865]), showed a lack of a penial caecum with an apparent verge at insertion of the epiphallus (Chang, 1992; Hwang, 1995). A totally degenerated penial caecum as seen in S. careocaecum sp. nov. was not recorded in Satsuma.   
 The species differs from S. lini in having a greater number of whorls, apical spot, sub-peripheral band and umbilicus spot; from S. hagiomontis sp. nov. and S. swinhoei sp. nov. in having bluntly angulated periphery; and from S. insignis in having thinner shell and regularly expanded body whorl.
description: Published as part of Wu, Shu-Ping, Hwang, Chung-Chi & Lin, Yao-Sung, 2008, Systematic revision of the arboreal snail Satsuma albida species complex (Mollusca: Camaenidae) with descriptions of 14 new species from Taiwan, pp. 437-493 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (3) on pages 458-460, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00415.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5446700