cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Single-photon Source Based on a Lateral n-i-p Junction Driven by a Surface Acoustic Wave
Creators: name: Hsiao, Tzu-Kan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: surface acoustic wave
single-photon source
quantum information
quantum computing
undoped GaAs quantum well
lateral n-i-p junction

description: Single-photon sources are essential building blocks in quantum photonic networks, where quantum-mechanical properties of photons are utilised to achieve quantum technologies such as quantum cryptography and quantum computing. In this thesis, a single-photon source driven by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) is developed and characterised. This single-photon source is based on a SAW-driven lateral n-i-p junction in a GaAs quantum-well structure. On this device, the lateral n-i-p junction is formed by gate-induced electrons and holes in two adjacent regions. The SAW potential minima create dynamic quantum dots in a 1D channel between these two regions, and are able to transport single electrons to the region of holes along the channel. Single-photon emission can therefore be generated as these electrons consecutively recombine with holes. After characterisation and optimisation in four batches of devices, clear SAW-driven charge transport and the corresponding electroluminescence (EL) can be observed on an optimised SAW-driven n-i-p junction. Time-resolved measurements have been carried out to study the dynamics of SAW-driven electrons. Time-resolved EL signals indicate that a packet of electrons is transported to the region of holes in each SAW minimum. In addition, the carrier lifetime of SAW-driven electrons in the region of holes is shown to be $\sim 100$ ps, which is much shorter than the SAW period of $860$ ps. Hence, it is promising to observe single-photon emission in the optimised device. In order to test single-photon emission, a Hanbury Brown-Twiss experimental setup has been employed to record an autocorrelation histogram of the SAW-driven EL signal at the single-electron regime. Suppression of autocorrelation coincidences at time delay $\Delta t = 0$ is evidence of photon antibunching. By fitting theoretical functions describing the SAW-driven EL signal, it is found that the second-order correlation function shows $g^{(2)}(0) = 0.39 \pm 0.05$, which is lower than the common criterion for a single-photon source $g^{(2)}(0) < 0.5$. Moreover, theoretical calculation and simulation suggest that, if a constant background signal can be filtered out, $\sim 80 \%$ of the SAW-driven EL is single-photon emission.
description: Cambridge Overseas Trust, Taiwan Government, Robinson college, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge Student Registry.
On the Superconductivity in the Induced Pairing Model
Creators: name: Micnas, R.
name: Robaszkiewicz, S.
name: Bussmann-Holder, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two component model of coexisting local electron pairs and itinerant fermions coupled via charge exchange mechanism, which mutually induces superconductivity in both subsystems, is discussed. The cases of isotropic s-wave and anisotropic pairing of extended s and d_{x^2-y^2} -wave symmetries are analyzed for a 2D square lattice within the BCS-mean field approximation and the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory. We determined the phase diagrams and superconducting characteristics as a function of the position of the local pair (LP) level and the total electron concentration. The model exhibits several types of interesting crossovers from BCS like behavior to that of LP's. Some of our results are discussed in connection with a two-component scenario of preformed pairs and unpaired electrons for exotic superconductors.
description: Proceedings of the 3rd Polish-US Workshop on Magnetism and Superconductivity of Advanced Materials, July 14-19, 2002, Ladek Zdroj (Poland) to appear in Physica C
The accounting features of agricultural enterprises
Creators: name: Varró, Tímea
name: Varró, Tímea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: accounting policy
subject: assessment procedure
subject: fixed assets
subject: breeding stock

description: Agricultural production has a number of special features which essentially distinguish it from other sectors of national economy (industry, building industry, trade, etc.) The general regularities often prevail very specifically. The agricultural production is performed in open areas, exposed to the force of nature, closely connected to the land. The land has a primary role in farming, and a major part of expenditures are utilised through arable land. The natural and economic attributes of arable land and the inseparably related climate conditions substantially determine the method and success of farming. Farming specialties often require special accounting solutions which can also be found in the case of agricultural enterprises. The objective of the present paper is to examine the assessment procedures in regard to agricultural enterprises which can be applied in the case of fixed assets.
Radio and X-Ray Detectability of Buoyant Radio Plasma Bubbles in Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: Ensslin, Torsten A.
name: Heinz, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Chandra X-ray Observatory is finding a surprisingly large number of cavities in the X-ray emitting intracluster medium, produced by the release of radio plasma from active galactic nuclei. In this Letter, we present simple analytic formulae for the evolution of the X-ray deficit and for the radio spectrum of a buoyantly rising bubble. The aim of this work is to provide a theoretical framework for the planning and the analysis of X-ray and radio observations of galaxy clusters. We show that the cluster volume tested for the presence of cavities by X-ray observations is a strongly rising function of the sensitivity.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Astronomya & Astrophysics Letters
Ecological development of rural areas in the European Union member states in 2000-2012
Creators: name: Vashchyk, Mariana
name: Siudek, Tomasz
name: Vashchyk, Mariana
name: Siudek, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: ecological development
subject: European Union
subject: rural area

description: The purpose of research was to analyze ecological development in EU countries during 2000-2012. Six primary variables have been applied, namely: the share of forest area in total land area, emissions of sulphur oxides (SOx) in agriculture, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in agriculture, electric power consumption per capita, the share of alternative and nuclear energy in total energy use and the share of area under organic farming in total agricultural land area. The authors have developed a synthetic index, which enabled the statement that Latvia, Finland, Austria, Sweden and Estonia are leading EU countries in terms of ecological development; the worst situation is in France, Poland, Malta, Spain and in the United Kingdom.
Single- and two-nucleon antikaon absorption in nuclear matter with chiral meson-baryon interactions
Creators: name: Hrtánková, J.
name: Ramos, À.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed a microscopic model for antikaon absorption on two nucleons in nuclear matter. The absorption is described within a meson-exchange picture and the primary $K^-N$ interaction strength is derived from state-of-the-art chiral coupled channel meson-baryon interaction models. We took into account the medium modification of the $K^-N$ scattering amplitudes due to the Pauli correlations. We derived the $K^-NN$ as well as $K^-N$ optical potentials as functions of nuclear matter density including the real part of the $K^-NN$ potential. We calculated the $K^-$ single- and two-nucleon absorption fractions and branching ratios for various mesonic and non-mesonic channels. We confirmed the crucial role of in-medium effects in our calculations. Our results are in very good agreement with available experimental data from old bubble chamber experiments as well as with the latest results from the AMADEUS collaboration.
description: manuscript accepted by Phys. Rev. C
Food production in Poland, compared to selected European Union Member States
Creators: name: Wrzesińska-Kowal, Joanna
name: Drabarczyk, Katarzyna
name: Wrzesińska-Kowal, Joanna
name: Drabarczyk, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: production
subject: food
subject: food sector
subject: European Union

description: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the food sector in Poland during 2008-2012, compared to selected European Union Member States, and to define the factors affecting growth of the sector under consideration. The structure of sold production of the Polish food industry and the levels of food production in Europe are presented in the paper. Discussion covers quantitative fluctuations in the number of businesses and production value of food products, as well as employment and salaries in the food sector. Finally, growth perspectives are determined for the studied sector.
Linking Physicians to Medical Research Results via Knowledge Graph Embeddings and Twitter
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Afshin
name: Lehmann, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Informing professionals about the latest research results in their field is a particularly important task in the field of health care, since any development in this field directly improves the health status of the patients. Meanwhile, social media is an infrastructure that allows public instant sharing of information, thus it has recently become popular in medical applications. In this study, we apply Multi Distance Knowledge Graph Embeddings (MDE) to link physicians and surgeons to the latest medical breakthroughs that are shared as the research results on Twitter. Our study shows that using this method physicians can be informed about the new findings in their field given that they have an account dedicated to their profession.
description: AI for Good, Data Science for Social Good, Machine learning for Social Good, Twitter Data, Knowledge Graph Embeddings, Medical Research
MOESM3 of The association between depressive symptoms or depression and health outcomes in adults with low back pain with or without radiculopathy: protocol of a systematic review
Creators: name: Wong, Jessica
name: Tricco, Andrea
name: Côté, Pierre
name: Rosella, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Data Extraction Form.
Development of Rhodopseudomonas palustris as a chassis for biotechnological applications
Creators: name: Laing, Ruth Mary Louise
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Biofuels
Glycerol
Biohydrogen
Biotechnological Chassis
Bioreactor

description: The recent surge in biodiesel production has resulted in a huge surplus of crude glycerol, a by-product of the process to the level of 10% by weight. This is turn has caused the price of glycerol to fall dramatically, and there are now few economically viable channels for using this resource: waste glycerol is usually combusted. Therefore, much interest has arisen in the possibility of making use of glycerol with biotechnology, as this would not only be a more efficient use of resources but also make biodiesel itself more commercially viable. The purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris is able to metabolize glycerol through photofermentation and thereby produce hydrogen, a commercially useful commodity. R. palustris is of particular interest for this purpose as, in contrast to many other species which have been investigated with a view to fermenting glycerol, it is highly tolerant of crude glycerol. The feedstock requires little purification or dilution to be made suitable for cultivation of R. palustris. Furthermore, the hydrogen gas produced by R. palustris when grown on glycerol is of high purity, and the organism’s great metabolic diversity suggests it may be a useful strain for remediation of other waste materials. However, much groundwork is needed to establish R. palustris as a viable chassis organism for biotechnological purposes. This work sets out to establish optimal conditions for cultivating R. palustris in the laboratory, including the design of a suitable batch photobioreactor system. It also determines optimal conditions for electroporation of R. palustris for the purpose of knocking out endogenous genes or introducing heterologous genes. Furthermore, the introduction of heterologous genes is attempted in order to demonstrate the possibility of producing other high-value compounds with R. palustris, and several deletion strains with potential benefits for hydrogen production are created. Finally, several existing deletion strains are investigated to establish their suitability as chassis strains for further genetic manipulation.
description: Funded by the BBSRC (Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council), via the Cambridge BBSRC Doctoral Training Programme.
Spalangiinae Haliday 1833
Creators: name: Gibson, Gary A. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pteromalidae

description: Spalangiinae Haliday, 1833   Diagnosis. Body, excluding legs, uniformly brown to black without obvious metallic luster. Head with antennae inserted widely apart at apparent anterior margin of oral cavity above base of each mandible (Figs 1, 10). Antenna 10-segmented; flagellum without differentiated ring-like basal segment (anellus), consisting of 7 funicular segments and an unsegmented clava (e.g. Fig. 8). Mandible (except male S. dozieri) bidentate with 2 similar teeth (Bouček 1963, fig. 4; Gibson and Reigada 2009, fig. 11). Mesonotum with complete notauli (Fig. 5). Mesopleuron with posterior margin separated from and raised slightly above level of metapleuron (e.g. Fig. 17) and with a slender band of often fringed membrane between posterodorsal margin and metapleuron (e.g. Figs 87, 122: mpm). Individuals macropterous (except some P. rothi, Fig. 16); fore wing with marginal cilia and with long marginal vein and subequally short stigmal and postmarginal veins (Fig. 9, insert).
description: Published as part of Gibson, Gary A. P., 2009, 2259, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 2259 on page 11
First i-TED demonstrator: a Compton imager with Dynamic Electronic Collimation
Creators: name: Babiano, V.
name: Balibrea, J.
name: Caballero, L.
name: Calvo, D.
name: Ladarescu, I.
name: Lerendegui, J.
name: Prats, S. Mira
name: Domingo-Pardo, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: i-TED consists of both a total energy detector and a Compton camera primarily intended for the measurement of neutron capture cross sections by means of the simultaneous combination of neutron time-of-flight (TOF) and $γ$-ray imaging techniques. TOF allows one to obtain a neutron-energy differential capture yield, whereas the imaging capability is intended for the discrimination of radiative background sources, that have a spatial origin different from that of the capture sample under investigation. A distinctive feature of i-TED is the embedded Dynamic Electronic Collimation (DEC) concept, which allows for a trade-off between efficiency and image resolution. Here we report on some general design considerations and first performance characterization measurements made with an i-TED demonstrator in order to explore its $γ$-ray detection and imaging capabilities.
description: Article published in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A, Volume 953, article id. 163228 Elsevier / DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.163228 / CC-BY-NC-ND
Developing mouse complex I as a model system: structure, function and implications in mitochondrial diseases.
Creators: name: Agip, Ahmed-Noor
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Mitochondria
Complex I
Membrane protein
CryoEM
Mitochondrial diseases
Proton pump

description: Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase), located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, is a major electron entry point to the respiratory chain. It couples the energy released from electron transfer (from NADH to ubiquinone) to the concomitant pumping of protons across the membrane, to generate an electrochemical proton motive force. Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 subunits, 14 of which comprise its simpler bacterial homologues. It is encoded by both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, and pathological mutations in both sets of subunits result in severe neuromuscular disorders such as Leigh syndrome. Several structures of mammalian complex I from various organisms have been determined, but the limited resolutions of the structures, which typically refer to poorly characterised enzyme states, has hampered detailed analyses of mechanistic features. The first part of this thesis describes development of a method for purifying complex I from the genetically amenable and medically relevant model organism Mus musculus (mouse), in a pure, stable and active state. The enzyme from mouse heart mitochondria was then comprehensively characterised, to ensure the presence of all the expected subunits and co-factors, and to define its kinetic properties. The second part of this thesis describes structural studies by single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) on the purified mouse enzyme in two distinct states, the ‘active’ and ‘de-active’ states. The active state was determined to 3.3 Å resolution, the highest resolution structure of a eukaryotic complex I so far. Subsequently, comparison of the two mouse structures, together with previously determined mammalian and bacterial structures, revealed variations in key structural elements in the membrane domain, which may be crucial for the catalytic mechanism. Moreover, in the high-resolution active mouse complex I structure a nucleotide co-factor was observed bound to the nucleoside kinase subunit NDUFA10. Finally, complex I from the Ndufs4 knockout mouse model, which recapitulates the effects of a human mutation that causes Leigh syndrome, was purified and subjected to kinetic and proteomic analyses. Following cross-linking and preliminary structural studies, it was concluded that the detrimental effects of deleting NDUFS4 are due to lack of stability of the mature complex.
description: MRC PhD studentship
Beyond-Constant-Mass-Approximation Magnetic Catalysis in the Gauge Higgs-Yukawa Model
Creators: name: Elizalde, E.
name: Ferrer, E. J.
name: de la Incera, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beyond-constant-mass approximation solutions for magnetically catalyzed fermion and scalar masses are found in a gauge Higgs-Yukawa theory in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The obtained fermion masses are several orders of magnitude larger than those found in the absence of Yukawa interactions. The masses obtained within the beyond-constant-mass approximation exactly reduce to the results within the constant-mass approach when the condition $ν\ln (\frac{1}{\hat{m}^{2}})\ll 1$ is satisfied. Possible applications to early universe physics and condensed matter are discussed.
description: Revised numerical results. New figures. Several sections rewritten
Spalangia Latreille 1805
Creators: name: Gibson, Gary A. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pteromalidae
Spalangia

description: Spalangia Latreille, 1805
 Spalangia Latreille, 1805: 227–228. Type species: Spalangia nigra Latreille, by monotypy.
 Prospalangia Brèthes, 1915: 314. Type species: Prospalangia platensis Brèthes, by original designation.
 Diagnosis. Head, pronotal collar and/or mesonotum usually with some setiferous punctures or crenulae (e.g. Figs 1–7), but if not then mostly smooth and shiny with short, sparse setae (e.g. Figs 374–378). Head with occipital carina (e.g. Figs 4, 116), at least dorsally, except for noyesi -group species (Fig. 375); lower face often acutely angled under torulus so in lateral view torulus appears to be at apex of short tube extending beyond level of base of mandible (e.g. Figs 22, 286, 367). Maxillary and labial palpi 2-segmented (Fig. 116, insert). Wings fully developed, bare or variably densely setose behind submarginal vein but usually obviously less setose than disc (e.g. Figs 9, 191–194). Mesopleuron with variably sculptured subalar scrobe, episternal scrobe/line and precoxal scrobe/line differentiating upper and lower mesepimeron from upper mesepisternum posterior to acropleuron and pectal region (e.g. Fig. 6); pectal region with at least 1 seta posteroventrally; upper and lower mesepisternum usually differentiated by transepisternal line and/or variable number of setae in line anterior to mesocoxa (e.g. Figs 34, 44, 54). Propodeum with paramedian crenulate furrows (e.g. Fig. 7) except smooth and shiny in noyesi -group species (Fig. 381). Petiole much longer than wide, longitudinally carinate-strigose to reticulate-rugose, and with acutely pointed anterolateral angles directed anteriorly so as to form W- like depression for posterolateral margins of propodeal foramen (e.g. Figs 71, 89, 201, 355). Gaster with tergites strongly sclerotized, often flattened but not collapsed in air dried specimens, and with comparatively inconspicuous, sparse setae dorsally (Figs 121, 229, 230); Gt 1 deeply, uniformly concave anteriorly with depressed region carinately margined laterally (e.g. Figs 121, 229, 230), and Gt 3 usually conspicuously larger than Gt 2 and Gt 4.
description: Published as part of Gibson, Gary A. P., 2009, 2259, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 2259 on page 22
MOESM1 of Synergistic toxicity in an in vivo model of neurodegeneration through the co-expression of human TDP-43M337V and tauT175D protein
Creators: name: Moszczynski, Alexander
name: Harvey, Madeline
name: Niveen Fulcher
name: Cleusa Oliveira
name: McCunn, Patrick
name: Donison, Neil
name: Bartha, Robert
name: Schmid, Susanne
name: Strong, Michael
name: Volkening, Kathryn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Schematic depicting the rat model used in the TDP-43M337V experiments. A) Cartoon representation of background (Sprague-Dawley) line used to generate ChAT-tTA (Choline acetyltransferase promoter paired with tetracycline transactivator promoter) and TRE-TDP-43M337V (tetracycline response element paired with mutant human TDP-43M337V) non-expressor lines. Crossing these two lines generates the ChAT-tTA/TRE-TDP-43M337V animals used in experiments. B) Cartoon representation of TDP-43M337V suppression by tTA in the presence of doxycycline (DOX) and expression in the absence of doxycyline.
Telework and personnel risk
Creators: name: Wyrzykowska, Barbara
name: Wyrzykowska, Barbara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: personnel risk
subject: telework
subject: teleworker risk
subject: employer risk

description: Flexibility is currently gaining in significance in the field of employment. The ability to freely select the time and the place of work is of great help for both the employee and employer. One of the forms of flexible employment that facilitates such solutions is teleworking. In addition to the many benefits brought forth by this form of employment, employees and employers must also take into consideration the personnel risk associated with telework. The article focuses on the problem of risks faced by a teleworker and those borne by the employer in connection with the introduction of teleworking. The study is theoretical and empirical nature, taking advantage of materials in literature covering personnel risk and telework, articles from the Internet and empirical data contained in reports from PARP [Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości – Polish Agency for Enterprise Development] and PBS DGA [market research company] studies. The basic methods of preparation consist of analysis and synthesis, as well as induction, deduction and reduction. The conducted study reveals, among others, that the implementation of teleworking carries with it personnel risk that applies to two entities - the teleworker and the employer. In order to reduce or minimise such risk, it is necessary to create new rules for teamwork coordination and supervision, as well as make amendments to some legal solutions aimed at encouraging employers to conclude employment contracts.
A modified Coulomb's law for the tangential debonding of osseointegrated implants
Creators: name: Immel, Katharina
name: Duong, Thang X.
name: Nguyen, Vu-Hieu
name: Haiat, Guillaume
name: Sauer, Roger A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cementless implants are widely used in orthopedic and oral surgery. However, debonding-related failure still occurs at the bone-implant interface. It remains difficult to predict such implant failure since the underlying osseointegration phenomena are still poorly understood. Especially in terms of friction and adhesion at the macro-scale, there is a lack of data and reliable models. The aim of this work is to present a new friction formulation that can model the tangential contact behavior between osseointegrated implants and bone tissue, with focus on debonding. The classical Coulomb's law is combined with a state variable friction law to model a displacement-dependent friction coefficient. A smooth state function, based on the sliding distance, is used to model implant debonding. The formulation is implemented in a 3D nonlinear finite element framework, and it is calibrated with experimental data and compared to an analytical model for mode III cleavage of a coin-shaped, titanium implant (Mathieu et al. 2012). Overall, the results show close agreement with the experimental data, especially the peak and the softening part of the torque curve with a relative error of less than 2.25 %. In addition, better estimates of the bone's shear modulus and the adhesion energy are obtained. The proposed model is particularly suitable to account for partial osseointegration, as is also shown.
Genetics of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Creators: name: Tan, Yan Ying Rhea
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Stroke
subject: Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a leading cause of stroke and vascular dementia. The majority of cases are sporadic, occurring in the elderly hypertensive population. However, there also exist patients with familial disease. The most common form is Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. In recent years, other genes have also been found to cause familial SVD, such as COL4A1/A2, HTRA1, FOXC1 and TREX1. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have also revealed loci associated with sporadic SVD strokes and its related features. This thesis explores the genetic basis of SVD primarily from the angle of the ‘one gene, one disease’ hypothesis. We explore the phenotype of familial SVD using CADASIL as a prototype. We next adopt a candidate gene approach to rare variant discovery using high throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques in two forms: 1) a multi-gene sequencing panel to examine the presence of rare variants in a cohort of 993 presumed-sporadic, early-onset SVD stroke patients, and 2) whole genome sequencing in 118 pedigrees with suspected familial SVD. We also evaluate the prevalence of known disease-causing mutations in the general population using a cohort of whole genome sequenced non-SVD patients, and other control databases. We demonstrate that a few presumed-sporadic SVD stroke patients may in fact have familial disease that was not previously diagnosed. We show that known and novel rare variants in candidate genes are found in our cohort of familial SVD patients, and suggest a possible role for rare variants in genes associated with related phenotypes and sporadic disease in this cohort. Finally, we identify known disease-causing variants in relatively high frequencies in the population, and show that conclusions on the pathogenicity of variants based on allele frequency and functional analyses may sometimes be misguided, thus highlighting the current limitations we face in the clinical interpretation of variants identified on HTS. In recent years genetic studies have revealed that pathways in different familial diseases are likely to converge in the pathogenesis of sporadic disease. Further uncovering the genetic basis of undiagnosed cases of familial SVD may shed light on the mechanisms underlying the sporadic form of disease, and may in turn drive the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
The Physics of Climate Variability and Climate Change
Creators: name: Ghil, Michael
name: Lucarini, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The climate system is a forced, dissipative, nonlinear, complex and heterogeneous system that is out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The system exhibits natural variability on many scales of motion, in time as well as space, and it is subject to various external forcings, natural as well as anthropogenic. This paper reviews the observational evidence on climate phenomena and the governing equations of planetary-scale flow, as well as presenting the key concept of a hierarchy of models as used in the climate sciences. Recent advances in the application of dynamical systems theory, on the one hand, and of nonequilibrium statistical physics, on the other, are brought together for the first time and shown to complement each other in helping understand and predict the system's behavior. These complementary points of view permit a self-consistent handling of subgrid-scale phenomena as stochastic processes, as well as a unified handling of natural climate variability and forced climate change, along with a treatment of the crucial issues of climate sensitivity, response, and predictability.
description: 86 pages, 52 figures
Relativistic many-body calculations of energies for core-excited states in sodiumlike ions
Creators: name: Safronova, U. I.
name: Johnson, W. R.
name: Safronova, M. S.
name: Albritton, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energies of (2s2 2p5 3l3l') and (2s 2p6 3l3l') states for sodiumlike ions with Z =14--100 are evaluated to second order in relativistic many-body perturbation theory starting from a neonlike Dirac-Fock potential. Second-order Coulomb and Breit interactions are included. Correction for the frequency-dependence of the Breit interaction is taken into account in lowest order. The Lamb shift correction to energies is also included in lowest order. Intrinsic particle-particle-hole contributions to energies are found to be 20-30% of the sum of one- and two-body contributions. Comparisons are made with available experimental data. These calculations are presented as a theoretical benchmark for comparison with experiment and theory.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. A 12 pages, 14 figures, and 4 Tables
The Impact of Ambiguity Prudence on Insurance and Prevention
Creators: name: Berger, Loïc
name: Berger, Loïc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Non-expected Utility
subject: Self-protection
subject: Self-insurance
subject: Ambiguity Prudence

description: Most decisions concerning (self-)insurance and self-protection have to be taken in situations in which a) the effort exerted precedes the moment uncertainty realises, and b) the probabilities of future states of the world are not perfectly known. By integrating these two characteristics in a simple theoretical framework, this paper derives plausible conditions under which ambiguity aversion raises the demand for (self-)insurance and self-protection. In particular, it is shown that in most usual situations where the level of ambiguity does not increase with the level of effort, a simple condition of ambiguity prudence known as decreasing absolute ambiguity aversion (DAAA) is sufficient to give a clear and positive answer to the question: Does ambiguity aversion raise the optimal level of effort?
Codificación de entrevistados para capítulo de libro "Las tutorías como espacios formales para introducir la alfabetización mediática en Secundaria"
Creators: name: La Rosa Barrolleta, Leonardo
name: CURIEL, Eva Herrero
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 130106 Secondary Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 190301 Journalism Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Tabla de codificación de entrevistados en el capítulo de libro titulado "Las tutorías como espacios formales para introducir la alfabetización mediática en Secundaria".
Four-path interference and uncertainty principle in photodetachment microscopy
Creators: name: Kramer, Tobias
name: Bracher, Christian
name: Kleber, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantal motion of electrons emitted by a pointlike monochromatic isotropic source into parallel uniform electric and magnetic fields. The two-path interference pattern in the emerging electron wave due to the electric force is modified by the magnetic lens effect which periodically focuses the beam into narrow filaments along the symmetry axis. There, four classical paths interfere. With increasing electron energy, the current distribution changes from a quantum regime governed by the uncertainty principle, to an intricate spatial pattern that yields to a semiclassical analysis.
description: submitted to Europhysics Letters
Kantō Ōjishin matsudai hanashi no tane
関東大地震末代噺の種
Creators: name: (:Null)
Publisher: name: [place of publication unknown : publisher not identified]
Year: 2015

description: Cover attached; cover title: 安政二年十月二日関東大地震末代噺の種 Ansei ninen jūgatsu futsuka Edo Ōjishin matsudai hanashi no tane. Contents: (Beans 1855.17) 地底鯰の圖 Chitei namazu no zu (Figure of catfish under the ground); (Beans 1855.18) [江戸焼場所の圖 Edo yakebasho no zu] (Plan of places of Edo destroyed by the fire that took place after the earthquake of Ansei 2). Removed from the ""Disasters"" album.
Entropy Driven Dimerization in a One-Dimensional Spin-Orbital Model
Creators: name: Sirker, J.
name: Khaliullin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a new version of the one-dimensional spin-orbital model with spins S=1 relevant to cubic vanadates. At small Hund's coupling J_H we discover dimerization in a pure electronic system solely due to a dynamical spin-orbital coupling. Above a critical value J_H, a uniform ferromagnetic state is stabilized at zero temperature. More surprisingly, we observe a temperature driven dimerization of the ferrochain, which occurs due to a large entropy released by dimer states. This dynamical dimerization seems to be the mechanism driving the peculiar intermediate phase of YVO_3.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Identifying the Link Between Coastal Tourism and Marine Ecosystems in the Baltic, North Sea, and Mediterranean Countries
Creators: name: Otrachshenko, Vladimir
name: Bosello, Francesco
name: Otrachshenko, Vladimir
name: Bosello, Francesco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Coastal Tourism
subject: Marine Ecosystem Quality
subject: Panel Data

description: This paper examines the impact of marine ecosystem quality on inbound coastal tourism in the Baltic, North Sea, and Mediterranean countries. Given extensive empirical findings in ecological science, we use marine protected areas (MPAs) and the fraction of species that are shed in each country’s exclusive economic zone that are overexploited or collapsed as a proxy for marine ecosystem quality. We use an autoregressive distributed lag model in a destination-origin panel set up. The empirical findings of this paper suggest that MPAs have a negative direct effect on tourism. However, this effect is reversed when the interaction terms with economic variables are included. Also, by using the fraction of species that are overexploited as an indicator of the deterioration of marine ecosystem quality, we find a considerable negative impact of this index on inbound coastal tourism. The short-term (current) impact of this index on tourism constitutes less than half of the long-term impact. Results provide valuable information for policy makers, suggesting that measures enhancing marine ecosystem quality should be considered in addition to conventional tourism policies focused on price.
Supply Chain Control Principles in Local Food Production: A Norwegian Case Study
Creators: name: Dreyer, Heidi C.
name: Strandhagen, Jan Ola
name: Thomassen, Maria K.
name: Romsdal, Anita
name: Gran, Erik
name: Dreyer, Heidi C.
name: Strandhagen, Jan Ola
name: Thomassen, Maria K.
name: Romsdal, Anita
name: Gran, Erik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Production Economics
subject: Local food production
subject: Norwegian food artisans
subject: Supply chain design
subject: Control principles

description: Based on an analysis of the supply chain of four producers of local specialty foods, we explore how planning and control principles can be applied to align supply chain capabilities and market requirements. It has been shown that local food struggles with market access, and that the supply chain is one of the obstacles preventing local food producers from gaining a solid market position. We identify a number of features of the local food chain, analyse the obstacles and develop generic designs and control principles for local food producers.
Monitoring of cerebral oxygenation, cerebrovascular reactivity and circulatory function in preterm infants
Creators: name: Sortica Da Costa, Cristine
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Prematurity
Cerebral autoregualtion
Cerebrovascular reactivity
Arterial blood pressure
NIRS
Brain injury
Functional echocardiography

description: Monitoring of cerebral oxygenation, cerebrovascular reactivity and circulatory function in preterm infants Brain injury in the preterm infant is associated with death and lifelong disability. Cerebral hypoxia and fluctuations in cerebral blood flow in the first two days of life have been implicated in the pathophysiology of haemorrhagic and ischaemic brain injury. Monitoring of haemodynamic changes during the early transitional circulation from in-utero to ex-utero life are currently based on standard measurements of systemic oxygenation and mean arterial blood pressure, with no reliable assessment of end-organ perfusion. In this thesis, measurements using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and functional echocardiography were made to assess cerebral perfusion and systemic blood flow in a cohort of preterm infants undergoing intensive care. This thesis is divided into four sections: i) The feasibility of continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and cerebrovascular reactivity is demonstrated in a series of case reviews, and the association between cerebral oxygenation and cerebrovascular reactivity with outcome of brain injury and mortality is described. ii) Combining measurements of systemic blood flow with end organ perfusion was applied to define MABPOPT in preterm infants based on an index of cerebrovascular reactivity. Deviations below MABPOPT were associated with intraventricular haemorrhage and mortality. iii) The complexity of brain and systemic signals was studied by using multi-scale entropy analysis. Most studies using cerebral NIRS or systemic measurements of blood flow use linear analysis; however, a complex biological system, such as the human brain, includes many regulatory mechanisms that interact in a complex manner, resulting in effects that cannot be understood wholly through the analysis of its individual constituents. Lower complexity of brain signals was observed in infants who developed intraventricular hemorrhage or died. iv) Changes in systemic and cerebral oxygenation in a cohort of preterm infants in the first 48 hours of life was assessed using functional echocardiography. The patterns of changes in cardiac output and cerebral oxygenation in infants who did and did not have intraventricular haemorrhage are discussed. Furthermore, the relationship between the presence of a haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus and brain injury is assessed.
description: Cambridge Overseas Trust & Capes Scholarship
Food Prices Spikes and Poor, Small Economies: What Role for Trade Policies
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Thennakoon, Jayanthi
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Thennakoon, Jayanthi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: Upward spikes in international food prices lead some food-surplus countries to raise export barriers and some food-deficit countries to lower their import restrictions on staple foods – and conversely when prices slump. When many countries so respond, their actions in aggregate exacerbate the international price spike, making adjustment even more difficult for other countries. This paper reviews conceptually, and then empirically for a sample of small and poor economies, the role of trade measures for achieving the social objective of assisting those hurt by sharp changes in food prices. The data are monthly for the period of 2006 to 2012, and annually since 1990. The paper concludes by exploring the efficacy of using trade policy instruments versus domestic measures to reduce the risk of welfare losses for vulnerable households, and stresses the importance for small and poor economies of supporting multilateral efforts to outlaw beggar-thy-neighbour policy responses to food price spikes.
Topological Origin of Non-Hermitian Skin Effects
Creators: name: Okuma, Nobuyuki
name: Kawabata, Kohei
name: Shiozaki, Ken
name: Sato, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unique feature of non-Hermitian systems is the skin effect, which is the extreme sensitivity to the boundary conditions. Here, we reveal that the skin effect originates from intrinsic non-Hermitian topology. Such a topological origin not merely explains the universal feature of the known skin effect, but also leads to new types of the skin effects---symmetry-protected skin effects. In particular, we discover the $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ skin effect protected by time-reversal symmetry. On the basis of topological classification, we also discuss possible other skin effects in arbitrary dimensions. Our work provides a unified understanding about the bulk-boundary correspondence and the skin effects in non-Hermitian systems.
description: 7+21 pages, 2+3 figures
Brans-Dicke wormhole and space-time foam
Creators: name: Agnese, A. G.
name: La Camera, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce, by means of the Brans-Dicke scalar field, space-time fluctuations at scale comparable to Planck length near the event horizon of a black hole and examine their dramatic effects.
description: 5 pages, LateX2e, to appear in Proceedings of "MG IX MM", July 2-8 2000, Rome, Italy
From Social Enterprise to Social Movement: Organizing for Change in the Global South
Creators: name: Claus, Laura
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: social change
social movement
social entrepreneurship
Global South

description: This dissertation focuses on three different organizational approaches to introducing change in the Global South. In so doing, it explores how organizations can design and structure ‘solutions’ for deep-rooted social problems and support marginalized groups who lack voice to speak for themselves. Theoretically, I draw on institutional theory and social movement theory, and it is to these perspectives that my research seeks to contribute. Empirically, my work focuses on Tanzania, Indonesia and Nigeria. Studying how and why three different types of organizational forms – including a social enterprise (Paper 1), a quasi-social movement (Paper 2) and a social movement (Paper 3) – succeeded or failed in their attempts to introduce change in the Global South provides an intriguing opportunity to build new theoretical insights and to shed light on strategic and organizational processes about which relatively little is known.
MOESM2 of Synergistic toxicity in an in vivo model of neurodegeneration through the co-expression of human TDP-43M337V and tauT175D protein
Creators: name: Moszczynski, Alexander
name: Harvey, Madeline
name: Niveen Fulcher
name: Cleusa Oliveira
name: McCunn, Patrick
name: Donison, Neil
name: Bartha, Robert
name: Schmid, Susanne
name: Strong, Michael
name: Volkening, Kathryn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Astrogliosis is not elevated in the hippocampus of ChAT-tTA/TRE-TDP-43M337V rats expressing tauT175D. A) GFAP staining in ChAT-tTA rat hippocampus. B) GFAP staining in tauT175D expressing hippocampus on the TDP-43 expressing genetic background. C) Quantification of GFAP positive field of view shows no statistical difference in coverage (proxy for astrocytic activation) in ChAT-tTA/TRE-TDP-43M337V rats expressing any GFP construct (GFP = green fluorescent protein, tauWT = GFP-tagged tauWT; tauT175D = GFP-tagged tauT175D) in the hippocampus. All quantification represents GFP-tau expressing group on ChAT-tTA/TRE-TDP-43M337V rats’ transgenic background. Images taken using 20x objective. Scale bar = 50 μm.