cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 6 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Methodological quality assessment for mixed method design studies.
Geodesic photon coupling and non-Hermitian exceptional point of microcavities on topologically curved space
Creators: name: Wang, Yongsheng
name: Luo, Xiaoxuan
name: Li, Bo
name: Chen, Zaoyu
name: Liu, Zhenzhi
name: Liu, Fu
name: Cai, Yin
name: Zhang, Yanpeng
name: Li, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymmetric microcavities supporting Whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) are of great significance for on-chip optical information processing. We define asymmetric microcavities on topologically curved surfaces, where the geodesic light trajectories completely reconstruct the cavity mode features. The quality factors of the lossy chaotic and island modes in flat cavities can be increased by up to ~200 times by the space curvature. Strong and weak coupling between modes of very different origins occur when the space curvature brings them into resonance, leading to a fine tailoring of the cavity photon energy and lifetime. Finally, we prove that by varying the overall loss, an exceptional point can be clearly observed at which both the cavity photon energy and lifetime become degenerate. Our work is at the crosspoint of optical chaotic dynamics, non-Hermitian physics and geodesic optical devices, and would open the novel area of geodesic microcavity photonics.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2011.12621
Quantum phase transition in an atomic Bose gas near a Feshbach resonance
Creators: name: Lee, Yu-Wen
name: Lee, Yu-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum phase transition in an atomic Bose gas near a Feshbach resonance in terms of the renormalization group. This quantum phase transition is characterized by an Ising order parameter. We show that in the low temperature regime where the quantum fluctuations dominate the low-energy physics this phase transition is of first order because of the coupling between the Ising order parameter and the Goldstone mode existing in the bosonic superfluid. However, when the thermal fluctuations become important, the phase transition turns into the second order one, which belongs to the three-dimensional Ising universality class. We also calculate the damping rate of the collective mode in the phase with only a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate near the second-order transition line, which can serve as an experimental signature of the second-order transition.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, published version in Phys. Rev. B
The distant, galaxy cluster environment of the short GRB 161104A at $z\sim 0.8$ and a comparison to the short GRB host population
Creators: name: Nugent, Anya E.
name: Fong, Wen-fai
name: Dong, Yuxin
name: Palmese, Antonella
name: Leja, Joel
name: Escorial, Alicia Rouco
name: Blanchard, Peter K.
name: Paterson, Kerry
name: Chornock, Ryan
name: Monson, Andrew
name: Nicholl, Matt
name: Berger, Edo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical observations of the Swift short-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 161104A and its host galaxy at $z=0.793 \pm 0.003$. We model the multiband photometry and spectroscopy with the stellar population inference code Prospector, and explore the posterior using nested sampling. We find that the mass-weighted age $t_m = 2.12^{+0.23}_{-0.21}$~Gyr, stellar mass $\log{(M/M_\odot)} = 10.21 \pm 0.04$, metallicity $\log{(Z/Z_\odot)} = 0.08^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$, dust extinction $A_V = 0.08^{+0.08}_{-0.05}$ mag, and the star formation rate $\text{SFR} = 9.9 \times 10^{-2} M_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$. These properties, along with a prominent 4000 Angstrom break and optical absorption lines classify this host as an early-type, quiescent galaxy. Using Dark Energy Survey galaxy catalogues, we demonstrate that the host of GRB 161104A resides on the outskirts of a galaxy cluster at $z\approx 0.8$, situated $\approx 1$ Mpc from the likely brightest cluster galaxy. We also present new modeling for 20 additional short GRB hosts ($\approx33\%$ of which are early-type galaxies), finding population medians of $\log(M/M_\odot) = 9.94^{+0.88}_{-0.98}$ and $t_m = 1.07^{+1.98}_{-0.67}$~Gyr ($68\%$ confidence). We further find that the host of GRB 161104A is more distant, less massive, and younger than the four other short GRB hosts known to be associated with galaxy clusters. Cluster short GRBs have faint afterglows, in the lower $\approx 11\%$ ($\approx 30\%$) of observed X-ray (optical) luminosities. We place a lower limit on the fraction of short GRBs in galaxy clusters versus those in the field of $\approx 5-13\%$, consistent with the fraction of stellar mass $\approx 10-20\%$ in galaxy clusters at redshifts $0.1 \leq z \leq 0.8$.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, ApJ: Vol. 904, No. 1
Additional file 4 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Summary of the interventions or programmes delivered.
Additional file 1 of Extracellular vesicles from human cardiac stromal cells up-regulate cardiomyocyte protective responses to hypoxia
Creators: name: Czosseck, Andreas
name: Chen, Max M.
name: Hsu, Chuan-Chih
name: Shamrin, Gleb
name: Meeson, Annette
name: Oldershaw, Rachel
name: Nguyen, Helen
name: Livkisa, Dora
name: Lundy, David J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
FCStone Conversion to a Public Corporation
Creators: name: Barton, David G.
name: Barton, David G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: FCStone Group (FCS) is a publicly held corporation that converted from a cooperative to a private corporation in 2005, and then converted to a public corporation in 2007. It is an integrated commodity risk management company that provides risk management consulting and transaction execution services to commercial commodity intermediaries, end users, and producers. This case study focuses primarily on the period from the first conversion in 2005 to six months after the public offering in March 2007. Because the financial benefits received by each of the cooperative owners of FCS are dependent on the timing of their sale of FCS stock, stock price information and benefit estimates are provided up to early November 2008.
Constraints on linear-negative potentials in quintessence and phantom models from recent supernova data
Creators: name: Perivolaropoulos, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quintessence and phantom field theory models based on linear-negative potentials of the form $V(ϕ)=s ϕ$. We investigate the predicted redshift dependence of the equation of state parameter $w(z$ for a wide range of slopes $s$ in both quintessence and phantom models. We use the gold dataset of 157 SnIa and place constraints on the allowed range of slopes $s$. We find $s=0\pm 1.6$ for quintessence and $s=\pm 0.7\pm 1$ for phantom models (the range is at the $2σ$ level and the units of $s$ are in $\sqrt{3}M_p H_0^2\simeq 10^{-38}eV^3$ where $M_p$ is the Planck mass). In both cases the best fit is very close to $s\simeq 0$ corresponding to a cosmological constant. We also show that specific model independent parametrizations of $w(z)$ which allow crossing of the phantom divide line $w=-1$ (hereafter PDL) provide significantly better fits to the data. Unfortunately such crossings are not allowed in any phantom or quintessence single field model minimally coupled to gravity. Mixed models (coupled phantom-quintessence fields) can in principle lead to a $w(z)$ crossing the PDL but a preliminary investigation indicates that this does not happen for natural initial conditions.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. References added, discussion modified. The mathematica file with the numerical analysis of the paper can be downloaded from http://leandros.physics.uoi.gr/negpot.htm
Bile salt hydroxylation as a mechanism for detoxification in SPGP knockout mice
Creators: name: Forrest, Dana Nichole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In humans, mutations in the Sister of P-glycoprotein (spgp) gene involved in bile salt transport lead to progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2). Generation of the spgp[sup -/-] mice demonstrated that the mice are not affected as severely as humans. Analysis of the biliary bile salt pool of the spgp[sup -/-] mice indicated the presence of tetrahydroxylated bile salts. However, the transport rate of the hydrophilic bile salts was unaffected. Examination of tetrahydroxylated bile salts as a possible detoxification mechanism requires identification and characterization of the enzyme involved. Development of an HPLC bile salt separation method generated bile salt profiles of spgp[sup -/-] and wild-type mice fed a normal or 0.5% cholic acid (CA) enriched diet. Analysis of the profiles suggested the 2-day change in diet had little effect on the already elevated levels of tetrahydroxylated bile salt levels in the spgp[sup -/-] mice. However, wild-type mice produced increased levels of the tetrahydroxylated bile salt when fed the 0.5% CA diet. Three tetrahydroxylated bile salt species were present in the HPLC profiles. Expression analysis of the CYP3A family, the three major enzymes in bile salt synthesis, and five of the main nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of cholesterol and bile salt metabolism was performed using Northern Blot analysis and real-time PCR. When tetrahydroxylated bile salt levels were compared to the mRNA expression levels, there was little correlation to the candidate genes tested. Furthermore, the reduction in CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 expression levels under the 0.5% CA supplemented diet indicated substrates from these pathways are not involved in the synthesis of the tetrahydroxylated bile salts. Consequently, it is believed that bile salt tetrahydroxylation is either regulated at the protein level or is due to expression of a gene not tested.
A critical analysis on the sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensors with graphene
Creators: name: Almeida, Aline dos S.
name: Bahamon, D. A.
name: Peres, Nuno M. R.
name: de Matos, Christiano J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of graphene in surface plasmon resonance sensors, covering a metallic (plasmonic) film, has a number of demonstrated advantages, such protecting the film against corrosion/oxidation and facilitating the introduction of functional groups for selective sensing. Recently, a number of works have claimed that few-layer graphene can also increase the sensitivity of the sensor. However, graphene was treated as an isotropic thin film, with an out-of-plane refractive index that is identical to the in-plane index. Here, we critically examine the role of single and few layers of graphene in the sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensors. Graphene is introduced over the metallic film via three different descriptions: as an atomic-thick two-dimensional sheet, as a thin effective isotropic material (same conductivity in the three coordinate directions), and as an non-isotropic layer (different conductivity in the perpendicular direction to the two-dimensional plane). We find that only the isotropic layer model, which is known to be incorrect for the optically modelling of graphene, provides sizeable sensitivity increases, while the other, more accurate, models lead to negligible contribution to the sensitivity.
Enhanced spin correlations in the Bose-Einstein condensate compound Sr3Cr2O8
Creators: name: Nomura, T.
name: Skourski, Y.
name: Quintero-Castro, D. L.
name: Zvyagin, A. A.
name: Suslov, A. V.
name: Gorbunov, D.
name: Yasin, S.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Kindo, K.
name: Islam, A. T. M. N.
name: Lake, B.
name: Kohama, Y.
name: Zherlitsyn, S.
name: Jaime, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combined experimental and modeling studies of the magnetocaloric effect, ultrasound, and magnetostriction were performed on single-crystal samples of the spin-dimer system Sr$_3$Cr$_2$O$_8$ in large magnetic fields, to probe the spin-correlated regime in the proximity of the field-induced XY-type antiferromagnetic order also referred to as a Bose-Einstein condensate of magnons. The magnetocaloric effect, measured under adiabatic conditions, reveals details of the field-temperature ($H,T$) phase diagram, a dome characterized by critical magnetic fields $H_{c1}$ = 30.4 T, $H_{c2}$ = 62 T, and a single maximum ordering temperature $T_{\rm max}(45~$T$)\simeq$8 K. The sample temperature was observed to drop significantly as the magnetic field is increased, even for initial temperatures above $T_{\rm max}$, indicating a significant magnetic entropy associated to the field-induced closure of the spin gap. The ultrasound and magnetostriction experiments probe the coupling between the lattice degrees of freedom and the magnetism in Sr$_3$Cr$_2$O$_8$. Our experimental results are qualitatively reproduced by a minimalistic phenomenological model of the exchange-striction by which sound waves renormalize the effective exchange couplings.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures
Time-dependent Kohn-Sham theory with memory
Creators: name: Wijewardane, H. O.
name: Ullrich, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In time-dependent density-functional theory, exchange and correlation (xc) beyond the adiabatic local density approximation can be described in terms of viscoelastic stresses in the electron liquid. In the time domain, this leads to a velocity-dependent xc vector potential with a memory containing short- and long-range components. The resulting time-dependent Kohn-Sham formalism describes the dynamics of electronic systems including decoherence and relaxation. For the example of collective charge-density oscillations in a quantum well, we illustrate the xc memory effects, clarify the dissipation mechanism, and extract intersubband relaxation rates for weak and strong excitations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 4 of Effects of monoglyceride blend on systemic and intestinal immune responses, and gut health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Park, Sangwoo
name: Sun, Shuhan
name: Kovanda, Lauren
name: Sokale, Adebayo O.
name: Barri, Adriana
name: Kim, Kwangwook
name: Li, Xunde
name: Liu, Yanhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S8 Intestinal morphology of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18-challenged weaned pigs fed experimental diets on d 5 post-inoculation.
Correlations and spectral functions in asymmetric nuclear matter
Creators: name: Hassaneen, Kh. S. A.
name: Müther, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-energy of nucleons in asymmetric nuclear matter is evaluated employing different realistic models for the nucleon-nucleon interaction. Starting from the Brueckner Hartree Fock approximation without the usual angle-average in the two-nucleon propagator the effects of the hole-hole contributions are investigated within the self-consistent Green's function approach. Special attention is paid to the isospin-dependence of correlations, which can be deduced from the spectral functions of nucleons in asymmetric matter. The strong components of the proton - neutron interaction lead in neutron-rich matter to a larger depletion for the occupation probability of proton states below the Fermi momentum.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Embedded Chaotic Whale Survival Algorithm for Filter-Wrapper Feature Selection
Creators: name: Guha, Ritam
name: Ghosh, Manosij
name: Mutsuddi, Shyok
name: Sarkar, Ram
name: Mirjalili, Seyedali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Classification accuracy provided by a machine learning model depends a lot on the feature set used in the learning process. Feature Selection (FS) is an important and challenging pre-processing technique which helps to identify only the relevant features from a dataset thereby reducing the feature dimension as well as improving the classification accuracy at the same time. The binary version of Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is a popular FS technique which is inspired from the foraging behavior of humpback whales. In this paper, an embedded version of WOA called Embedded Chaotic Whale Survival Algorithm (ECWSA) has been proposed which uses its wrapper process to achieve high classification accuracy and a filter approach to further refine the selected subset with low computation cost. Chaos has been introduced in the ECWSA to guide selection of the type of movement followed by the whales while searching for prey. A fitness-dependent death mechanism has also been introduced in the system of whales which is inspired from the real-life scenario in which whales die if they are unable to catch their prey. The proposed method has been evaluated on 18 well-known UCI datasets and compared with its predecessors as well as some other popular FS methods.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, submitted a minor revision to Soft Computing, Springer
Supply response of Zimbabwean agriculture: 1970–1999
Creators: name: Muchapondwa, Edwin
name: Muchapondwa, Edwin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Agricultural supply response
subject: Autoregressive distributed lag
subject: Cointegration

description: This paper uses data that spans different pricing regimes to estimate the aggregate agricultural supply response to price and non-price factors in Zimbabwe. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration employed here gives consistent estimates of supply response in the presence of regressor endogeneity and also permits the estimation of distinct estimates of both long-run and short-run elasticities when exogenous variables are not integrated of the same order. The results confirm that agricultural prices in Zimbabwe are endogenous and the exogenous variables are not integrated of the same order hence use of the autoregressive distributed lag approach was worthwhile. The paper finds a long-run price elasticity of 0.18, confirming findings in the literature that aggregate agricultural supply response to price is inelastic. This result means that the agricultural price policy is a somewhat blunt instrument for effecting growth in aggregate agricultural supply. The provision of non-price incentives must play a key role in reviving the agricultural sector in Zimbabwe.
Observation of Light-Induced Dipole-Dipole Forces in Ultracold Atomic Gases
Creators: name: Maiwöger, Mira
name: Sonnleitner, Matthias
name: Zhang, Tiantian
name: Mazets, Igor
name: Mallweger, Marion
name: Rätzel, Dennis
name: Borselli, Filippo
name: Erne, Sebastian
name: Schmiedmayer, Jörg
name: Haslinger, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate an attractive force caused by light induced dipole-dipole interactions in freely expanding ultracold 87Rb atoms. This collective, light-triggered effect results in a self-confining potential with interesting features: it exhibits nonlocal properties, is attractive for both red and blue-detuned light fields and induces a remarkably strong force that depends on the gradient of the atomic density. The experimental data are discussed in the framework of a theoretical model based on a local-field approach for the light scattered by the atomic cloud.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Gaussianity of the CMB: Smooth Goodness of Fit Tests Applied to Interferometric Data
Creators: name: Aliaga, A. M.
name: Rubino-Martin, J. A.
name: Martinez-Gonzalez, E.
name: Barreiro, R. B.
name: Sanz, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We adapt the smooth tests of goodness of fit developed by Rayner and Best to the study of the non-Gaussianity of interferometric observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The interferometric measurements (visibilities) are transformed into signal-to-noise eigenmodes, and then the method is applied directly in Fourier space. This transformation allows us to perform the analysis in different subsets of eigenmodes according to their signal-to-noise level. The method can also deal with non-uniform or incomplete coverage of the UV plane. We explore here two possibilities: we analyse either the real and imaginary parts of the complex visibilities (Gaussianly distributed under the Gaussianity hypothesis) or their phases (uniformly distributed under the Gaussianity hypothesis). The power of the method in discriminating between Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributions is studied by using several kinds of non-Gaussian simulations. On the one hand, we introduce a certain degree of non-Gaussianity directly into the Fourier space using the Edgeworth expansion, and afterwards the desired correlation is introduced. On the other hand, we consider interferometric observations of a map with topological defects (cosmic strings). To these previous non-Gaussian simulations we add different noise levels and quantify the required signal-to-noise ratio necessary to achieve a detection of these non-Gaussian features. Finally, we have also studied the ability of the method to constrain the so-called nonlinear coupling constant f_{NL} using chi^2 simulations.The whole method is illustrated here by application to simulated data from the Very Small Array interferometer.
description: 13 pages, accepted in MNRAS
Distributional Reinforcement Learning via Moment Matching
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thanh Tang
name: Gupta, Sunil
name: Venkatesh, Svetha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of learning a set of probability distributions from the empirical Bellman dynamics in distributional reinforcement learning (RL), a class of state-of-the-art methods that estimate the distribution, as opposed to only the expectation, of the total return. We formulate a method that learns a finite set of statistics from each return distribution via neural networks, as in (Bellemare, Dabney, and Munos 2017; Dabney et al. 2018b). Existing distributional RL methods however constrain the learned statistics to \emph{predefined} functional forms of the return distribution which is both restrictive in representation and difficult in maintaining the predefined statistics. Instead, we learn \emph{unrestricted} statistics, i.e., deterministic (pseudo-)samples, of the return distribution by leveraging a technique from hypothesis testing known as maximum mean discrepancy (MMD), which leads to a simpler objective amenable to backpropagation. Our method can be interpreted as implicitly matching all orders of moments between a return distribution and its Bellman target. We establish sufficient conditions for the contraction of the distributional Bellman operator and provide finite-sample analysis for the deterministic samples in distribution approximation. Experiments on the suite of Atari games show that our method outperforms the standard distributional RL baselines and sets a new record in the Atari games for non-distributed agents.
description: To appear in AAAI'21; code available at https://github.com/thanhnguyentang/mmdrl
Cooperative Financial Performance and Board of Director Characteristics: A Quantitative Investigation
Creators: name: Bond, Jennifer Keeling
name: Bond, Jennifer Keeling
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This article empirically tests the hypothesis that cooperative boards of directors and board size, specifically, can influence firm performance. Most existing studies of cooperative governance rely on qualitative data to draw inferences; however, this chapter uses several USDA data sets and a survey of co-op managers to determine whether above-average board size has a negative impact on co-op performance. This approach is comparable to those found in the corporate governance literature; however, it contributes to the cooperative literature by providing statistically-based findings on optimal board size. Specifically, this study finds that additional board members do eventually reduce some measures of performance; however, board size must be quite large.
Feedback in simulations of disc-galaxy major mergers
Creators: name: Cox, T. J.
name: Jonsson, Patrik
name: Primack, Joel R.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using hydrodynamic simulations of disc-galaxy major mergers, we investigate the star formation history and remnant properties when various parametrizations of a simple stellar feedback model are implemented. The simulations include radiative cooling, a density-dependent star formation recipe and a model for feedback from massive stars. The feedback model stores supernova feedback energy within individual gas particles and dissipates this energy on a time-scale specified by two free parameters; tau_fb, which sets the dissipative time-scale, and n, which sets the effective equation of state in star-forming regions. Using a self-consistent disc galaxy, modelled after a local Sbc spiral, in both isolated and major-merger simulations, we investigate parametrizations of the feedback model that are selected with respect to the quiescent disc stability. These models produce a range of star formation histories that are consistent with the star formation relation found by Kennicutt. All major mergers produce a population of new stars that is highly centrally concentrated, demonstrating a distinct break in the r1/4 surface density profile, consistent with previous findings. The half-mass radius and one-dimensional velocity dispersion are affected by the feedback model used. Finally, we compare our results to those of previous simulations of star formation in disc-galaxy major mergers, addressing the effects of star formation normalization, the version of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) employed and assumptions about the interstellar medium.
description: update to match published version
Additional file 2 of Extracellular vesicles from human cardiac stromal cells up-regulate cardiomyocyte protective responses to hypoxia
Creators: name: Czosseck, Andreas
name: Chen, Max M.
name: Hsu, Chuan-Chih
name: Shamrin, Gleb
name: Meeson, Annette
name: Oldershaw, Rachel
name: Nguyen, Helen
name: Livkisa, Dora
name: Lundy, David J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Optimized production of a cesium Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Kraemer, Tobias
name: Herbig, Jens
name: Mark, Michael
name: Weber, Tino
name: Chin, Cheng
name: Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph
name: Grimm, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the optimized production of a Bose-Einstein condensate of cesium atoms using an optical trapping approach. Based on an improved trap loading and evaporation scheme we obtain more than $10^5$ atoms in the condensed phase. To test the tunability of the interaction in the condensate we study the expansion of the condensate as a function of scattering length. We further excite strong oscillations of the trapped condensate by rapidly varying the interaction strength.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Appl. Phys. B
Flow of wet granular materials
Creators: name: Huang, N.
name: Ovarlez, G.
name: Bertrand, F.
name: Rodts, S.
name: Coussot, P.
name: Bonn, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition from frictional to lubricated flow of a dense suspension of non-Brownian particles is studied. The pertinent parameter characterizing this transition is the Leighton number $Le = \frac{η_s \dotγ}σ$, which represents the ratio of lubrication to frictional forces. The Leighton number $Le$ defines a critical shear rate below which no steady flow without localization exists. In the frictional regime the shear flow is localized. The lubricated regime is not simply viscous: the ratio of shear to normal stresses remains constant, as in the frictional regime; moreover the velocity profile has a single universal form in both frictional and lubricated regimes. Finally, a discrepancy between local and global measurements of viscosity is identified, which suggests inhomogeneity of the material under flow.
description: Accepted for publication by Physical Review Letters (december 2004)
Additional file 2 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Selection criteria.
Pulsed squeezed light: simultaneous squeezing of multiple modes
Creators: name: Wasilewski, Wojciech
name: Lvovsky, A. I.
name: Banaszek, Konrad
name: Radzewicz, Czeslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the spectral properties of squeezed light produced by means of pulsed, single-pass degenerate parametric down-conversion. The multimode output of this process can be decomposed into characteristic modes undergoing independent squeezing evolution akin to the Schmidt decomposition of the biphoton spectrum. The main features of this decomposition can be understood using a simple analytical model developed in the perturbative regime. In the strong pumping regime, for which the perturbative approach is not valid, we present a numerical analysis, specializing to the case of one-dimensional propagation in a beta-barium borate waveguide. Characterization of the squeezing modes provides us with an insight necessary for optimizing homodyne detection of squeezing. For a weak parametric process, efficient squeezing is found in a broad range of local oscillator modes, whereas the intense generation regime places much more stringent conditions on the local oscillator. We point out that without meeting these conditions, the detected squeezing can actually diminish with the increasing pumping strength, and we expose physical reasons behind this inefficiency.
Spatial price transmission: A study of sheep markets in Sudan
Creators: name: Babiker, Babiker Idris
name: Abdalla, Abdel Gabbar M.
name: Babiker, Babiker Idris
name: Abdalla, Abdel Gabbar M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Sheep markets
subject: Spatial transmission
subject: Cointegration
subject: Sudan

description: Recent research in low-income countries has shown that high transfer costs and marketing margins may hinder the transmission of price signals, as they may prohibit arbitrage. Oligopolistic behavior and collusion among domestic traders may retain price differences between markets at levels higher than those determined by transfer costs and hinder the full price transmission and market integration (Rapsomanikis et al., 2003). This paper investigates price movements among important sheep markets in the Sudan to explore their performance and pricing efficiency. Six geographically separated livestock wholesale markets are tested spatially, using Johansen’s cointegration test (1988) and time-series price data for the period 1990–2004. Spatial analysis of the whole dataset indicates the absence of cointegration among the selected markets, while a subset of the data, for the period 2000–2004, after some infrastructural facilities were introduced, shows that the same markets are cointegrated.
Development of the Program Learning Outcomes based on the Rabbani Kelantan Education Policy: Its Importance in Human Capital Development
Creators: name: Rahim, Kamarul Zaman
name: Leman, Farhanim
name: Habil, Rohaidi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 390201
subject: Education policy
classificationCode: 350503
subject: Human resources management
classificationCode: 500403
subject: Islamic studies

description: Accreditation of a program requires effective learning outcomes, documented procedures, tools and action to close the assessment loop. The concern for the assessment of learning outcomes derived from society’s requirement to get a hold of skilled graduates in various fields. In this context, the development of learning outcomes (LO) especially for higher education is an important requirement. Following the launch of the Rabbani Kelantan Education Policy (DPRK) and the instructions for its implementation at the level of higher education institutions in the state of Kelantan by the Menteri Besar of Kelantan on 25 February 2018, this study was conducted to examine the initiative to develop program learning outcomes (PLO) at Sultan Ismail Petra International Islamic University College (KIAS). For this purpose, a qualitative research approach was adopted. Five respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The respondents consisted of a panel of DPRK draftsman experts, a panel of MQA assessors and a core team representative of Outcome-based Education (OBE) at KIAS. Based on semi structured interviews and thematic analysis, this study found that the PLO development initiative at KIAS is significant and has the potential to be developed as a complementary PLO in any higher education institution. In conclusion, the DPRK is seen to have solid aspirations that can contribute to the development of higher education pathways.
Coherent control of dissipative dynamics in a periodically driven lattice array
Creators: name: Zeng, Zhao-Yun
name: Li, Lei
name: Yang, Baiyun
name: Xiao, Jinpeng
name: Luo, Xiaobing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a different mechanism for suppression of decay in an open one-dimensional lattice system, which originates from a dark Floquet state, a sink state to which the system is asymptotically driven, whose overall probability is determined only by the parameters of the periodic driving field. The zero-quasienergy of dark Floquet state has been shown to be not a real zero, but a vanishingly small negative imaginary number which will cause undesirable physical effect in long-time evolution of quantum states, which is extremely different from the conservative counterpart. Another important finding is that the value of the system's effective decay, determined by the size of the non-zero imaginary part of the dark-Floquet-state-related quasienergy, depends not on how many localized lossy sites there are but on which one of the lossy sites is nearest to the driven site. Thus, for specially designed local dissipation, by controlling the driving parameters, it is possible for us to drive the system to a dark Floquet state with a much lower level of overall probability loss as compared to the undriven case and with good stability over enough longer evolution time. These results are applicable to the multisite lattice system with an odd number of sites and may be significant for long-time control of decay in a vast family of multistate physical systems with localized dissipation.
description: 11 pages,10 figures
Additional file 3 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Summary of methods used in the included studies.
Additional file 1 of Validation and correlation of high-sensitive troponin I and troponin T in the emergency department
Creators: name: Nseir, Moustafa.
name: Mokhtari, Arash.
name: Stanisic, Mia.
name: Ekström, Ulf.
name: Labaf, Ashkan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Determining the Future for Louisiana Sugar Cane Products, Inc.: A Case Study Analyzing Vertical Coordination Options
Creators: name: Gunderson, Michael A.
name: Johnson, Aaron J.
name: Salassi, Michael E.
name: Champagne, Lonnie P.
name: DeVuyst, Cheryl Sinn
name: Gunderson, Michael A.
name: Johnson, Aaron J.
name: Salassi, Michael E.
name: Champagne, Lonnie P.
name: DeVuyst, Cheryl Sinn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: Deciding how to coordinate activities can be a challenge posed in any marketing chain. This case involves an agricultural cooperative that has focused entirely on marketing raw sugar cane for additional refinement. Recent dramatic shifts in the sector have caused the members of the cooperative to consider building a facility that will process the raw sugar cane. In so doing, the cooperative can consider using the spot market, using contracts, vertically coordinating, or vertically integrating. This case study of Louisiana Sugar Cane Products, Inc. is a unique, real-life case that can be widely used in marketing and cooperatives courses.
QUARK: A Framework for Quantum Computing Application Benchmarking
Creators: name: Finžgar, Jernej Rudi
name: Ross, Philipp
name: Hölscher, Leonhard
name: Klepsch, Johannes
name: Luckow, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum computing (QC) is anticipated to provide a speedup over classical HPC approaches for specific problems in optimization, simulation, and machine learning. With the advances in quantum computing toward practical applications, the need to analyze and compare different quantum solutions increases. While different low-level benchmarks for QC exist, these benchmarks do not provide sufficient insights into real-world application-level performance. We propose an application-centric benchmark method and the QUantum computing Application benchmaRK (QUARK) framework to foster the investigation and creation of application benchmarks for QC. This paper establishes three significant contributions: (1) it makes a case for application-level benchmarks and provides an in-depth "pen and paper" benchmark formulation of two reference problems: robot path and vehicle option optimization from the industrial domain; (2) it proposes the open-source QUARK framework for designing, implementing, executing, and analyzing benchmarks; (3) it provides multiple reference implementations for these two reference problems based on different known, and where needed, extended, classical and quantum algorithmic approaches and analyzes their performance on different types of infrastructures.
description: Improved version, as submitted to IEEE QCE22 conference
Heme Oxygenase-1 plays an important protective role in experimental autoimmune encephalomylitis
Creators: name: Liu, Yingru
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Increasing evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a heat shock protein induced by oxidative stress, and represents a powerful endogenous defensive mechanism against free radicals in many diseases. However, the role of this important enzyme in EAE remains unknown. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the induction of HO-1 in EAE, and evaluate its effect on this disease. The expression of HO-1 in EAE was detected by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. These studies revealed that HO-1 is strongly induced in EAE lesions, while none could be detected in the normal rat spinal cord. However, the level of HO-1 expression is different at various phases of EAE. The expression of HO-1 is weak at the onset of clinical signs. During the following days, HO-1 activity increases substantially as disease progresses, and reaches its maximum at the peak of clinical signs. Subsequently, I demonstrated that hemin, an inducer of HO-1, inhibited EAE effectively. In contrast, tin mesoporphyrin, an inhibitor of HO-1, markedly worsened EAE especially at the peak period of disease, correlating well with the level of HO-1 activity at this time. These data indicate that HO-1 plays an important protective role in EAE, and that targeted induction of HO-1 overexpression by pharmacological modulation may serve as a novel approach to therapeutic intervention in MS.
Adversarial Genetic Programming for Cyber Security: A Rising Application Domain Where GP Matters
Creators: name: O'Reilly, Una-May
name: Toutouh, Jamal
name: Pertierra, Marcos
name: Sanchez, Daniel Prado
name: Garcia, Dennis
name: Luogo, Anthony Erb
name: Kelly, Jonathan
name: Hemberg, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cyber security adversaries and engagements are ubiquitous and ceaseless. We delineate Adversarial Genetic Programming for Cyber Security, a research topic that, by means of genetic programming (GP), replicates and studies the behavior of cyber adversaries and the dynamics of their engagements. Adversarial Genetic Programming for Cyber Security encompasses extant and immediate research efforts in a vital problem domain, arguably occupying a position at the frontier where GP matters. Additionally, it prompts research questions around evolving complex behavior by expressing different abstractions with GP and opportunities to reconnect to the Machine Learning, Artificial Life, Agent-Based Modeling and Cyber Security communities. We present a framework called RIVALS which supports the study of network security arms races. Its goal is to elucidate the dynamics of cyber networks under attack by computationally modeling and simulating them.
Supplementary Methods, Figures, and Tables from Phylogenomics of the Rarest Animals: A second species of Micrognathozoa identified by machine learning
Creators: name: Sato, Shoyo
name: Appeldorff, Cecilie
name: Wangensteen, Owen Simon
name: Garcés-Pastor, Sandra
name: Laumer, Christopher
name: Herranz, Maria
name: Giribet, Gonzalo
name: Renault, David
name: Møller, Peter
name: Worsaae, Katrine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified

description: This file includes in depth methods and associated references, and supplementary figures and tables