cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chandra Observation of 3C 212: a New Look at the X-ray and UV Absorbers
Creators: name: Aldcroft, T. L.
name: Siemiginowska, A.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Nicastro, F.
name: Murray, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The red quasar 3C 212 (z=1.049) is one of the most distant and most luminous AGN which has shown evidence of an X-ray warm absorber. In order to further investigate this unusual quasar, we used Chandra/ACIS-S to observe 3C 212 for 19.5 ksec, resulting in a net detection of ~4000 counts. The Chandra data confirm the presence of an excess absorbing column N_H ~ 4 x 10^21 cm^-2 at the quasar redshift, but we find no compelling evidence for a warm absorber. Using both the Chandra and archival ROSAT PSPC data, we obtain very good fits for both a partially covered neutral absorber and a low-ionization (U = 0.03) photo-ionized absorber. In the ultraviolet, 3C 212 shows a strong associated MgII absorber. Based on a moderate resolution (80 km/s) MMT spectrum we show that the absorber is highly saturated and has a covering fraction less than 60%, implying that the absorber is truly intrinsic to the quasar. Photo-ionization modeling of the MgII absorber yields a constraint on the ionization parameter of U < 0.03, inconsistent with a warm UV/X-ray absorber. In addition to our spectral analysis, we find evidence in the ACIS image data for weak extended emission surrounding the quasar as well as emission corresponding to the radio lobes at a distance of 5 arcsec from 3C 212. The statistical significance of these features is low, but we briefly explore the implications if the detections are valid.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Determination of Rutin from Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Cellulose Polymers and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Creators: name: Dai, Yunliang
name: Row, Kyung Ho
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Rutin from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (78.63 mg g−1) was mildly and effectively extracted using an ultrasound-assisted process with tailor-designed natural deep eutectic solvent-based cellulose polymer adsorbents. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of the synthesized natural deep eutectic solvent-modified cellulose polymers were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. The ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized using a response surface methodology (extraction time, 40 min; sample to solvent ratio, 1:29 g/mL; extraction temperature, 81 °C; and ultrasound frequency, 180 W). The ultrasound-assisted extraction method is environmentally friendly and allows the simple and easy recovery of components. In addition, this approach is effective for the extraction, separation, and detection of rutin. These findings might promote the applications of rutin from G. biloba L. leaves in several fields.
Cuscutales Bercht. & J.Presl.
Creators: name: Reveal, James L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Cuscutales

description: Cuscutales
 Bercht. & J.Presl, P ř ir. Rostlin: 247. January–April 1820 (Cuscutae), predates Mart., Consp. Regn. Veg.: 22. September–October 1835—Cuscutaceae Dumort. (1829).
description: Published as part of Reveal, James L., 2011, New ordinal names established by changes to the botanical code, pp. 42-44 in Phytotaxa 30 on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4894455
Additional file 24 of Neuron ID dataset facilitates neuronal annotation for whole-brain activity imaging of C. elegans
Creators: name: Toyoshima, Yu
name: Wu, Stephen
name: Kanamori, Manami
name: Sato, Hirofumi
name: Jang, Moon Sun
name: Suzu Oe
name: Murakami, Yuko
name: Teramoto, Takayuki
name: Chanhyun Park
name: Yuishi Iwasaki
name: Ishihara, Takeshi
name: Yoshida, Ryo
name: Iino, Yuichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 24: Figure S16. Correct rate of automatic annotation and its improvement by manual annotation. (A) The effect of prior manual annotation on the correct rate of automatic annotation. The annotation of a single cell type was specified manually before performing the automatic annotation. The error rates of automatic annotation for cells identified in JN3039 are shown. (B) Improvement of correct rate was obtained by subtracting the original correction rate from the correction rate with prior manual annotation.
How Kentucky's Hardin County Deals with Rural Growth
Creators: name: Gordon, Dennis A.
name: Gordon, Dennis A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use

description: Here's how one of Kentucky's fastest growing counties handles its growth-related problems without resorting to "zoning." It's a first-ever approach that has been hailed as an "outstanding planning project-program."
A model of undergraduate student withdrawal behavior based on Maslow's theory of human motivation
Creators: name: Diamant, Constance Timar
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: The purpose of this research was to examine the usefulness of applying the concepts of Maslow's theory of human motivation to the understanding of undergraduate student withdrawal from universities. Exploratory survey research was conducted using a sample of undergraduate students withdrawing from The American University. The survey instrument was constructed using the principles of Maslow's hierarchy of human needs. The hypotheses tested in this research suggest that undergraduate students withdrawing are motivated by needs in one or more of the Maslowian categories; that the Maslowian categories of need relate the demographic and/or performance characteristics of the withdrawing student; and that student motivating factors for withdrawal will be either internally or externally based, both being equally influential on the decision to withdraw. The subjects of this study were 166 undergraduate students who identified themselves as wishing to withdraw from The American University and who completed the Undergraduate Withdrawing Student Survey. The survey instrument was developed specifically for this research. Data were analyzed using canonical correlations to model the associations between the Maslowian categories and demographic/performance characteristics. Significant results emerged showing the negative association between student self-esteem needs and cumulative grade point averages. The findings of this study show evidence to support the usefulness of Maslowian concepts as a diagnostic mapping for the motivational forces influencing a decision to withdraw from a university.
Datiscales Bercht. & J.Presl.
Creators: name: Reveal, James L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Datiscales

description: Datiscales
 Bercht. & J.Presl, P ř ir. Rostlin: 217. January–April 1820 (Datisceae), predates Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 13. 1829—Datiscaceae Dumort. (1829).
description: Published as part of Reveal, James L., 2011, New ordinal names established by changes to the botanical code, pp. 42-44 in Phytotaxa 30 on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4894455
Race relations and institutional policy: The cultural politics of an institutional anti-harassment policy
Creators: name: Goss, III, John Reed
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: As a qualitative investigation of the cultural politics of race relations on a particular college campus, social actors' perceptions of the meaning and impact of a racial anti-harassment policy served as the focus of analysis. Rather than attempting to measure quantitative degrees of difference in perceptions on a pre-existing scale, perceptions were revealed through a form of discourse analysis. The relationship between individual and group experiences and the perceptions of the policy was revealed using informal, semi-structured and structured interviews of members of student groups, administrative personnel and key informants, focus group sessions, a quasi-experimental video-teleplay situation, and institutional documents to generate data for analysis. Both in-vivo categories and sociological categories were used in data analysis: in-vivo categorizations are taken directly from the language of the actors themselves; sociological categories were codes formulated by the researcher. The questions which shaped this study were: How do the perceptions of different individuals influence both the intent and the outcome of public policy? How does the adoption and enforcement of a racial anti-harassment policy affect the social relations of a particular college or university? How do the perceptions of institutional subgroups shape the unintended consequences of this policy?; Findings suggested that actors' perceptions of the anti-harassment policy were shaped by socially constructed perspectives defining actors' operative concepts of equality, their sources of individual and collective empowerment, and the extent of their understanding of others and their experiences with them. Identification of contradictions between the perceived ends and operative policy means revealed social actors' "structures of expectation" lead to an understanding of the impact of an anti-harassment policy in the campus community. The policy per se had little impact on the perspectives held by individuals, only on their behaviors. The policy, as seen by participants, was designed to eliminate conflict, yet it was also believed to be inadequate to promote understanding among groups, the most important identified outcome of such a policy. Recommendations include the development of opportunities for students and faculty members to confront the meanings of the underlying differences in perspectives, and that educational administrators recognize the potential to undertake organizational research in the context of their administrative duties.
Characterization of the Silver Species Released From Clothing by Single Particle–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry Using a Microsecond Dwell Time
Creators: name: Akbaba, Tugba Nur
name: Ertas, Nusret
name: Alp, Orkun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this study the silver species were identified that leached into artificial sweat from commercially available clothing products that were in direct contact with skin. Single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is capable of simultaneously determining silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and dissolved silver (Ag+), especially when dwell time is used in microsecond range. The effect of Ag+ concentration for the determination of 40 and 70 nm AgNPs was investigated and AgNPs were characterized accurately up to 2 ng mL−1 and 15 ng mL−1 Ag+, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection for nanoparticle number concentration (LODconc) and the limit of detection for nanoparticle size (LODsize) of the proposed SP-ICP-MS method were 5.5 × 102 particle mL−1 and 17 nm, respectively. According to the results, silver was present in artificial sweat solution in the dissolved form, which was confirmed by a spectrofluorometric assay and ultracentrifugation. In addition, the released quantity of silver from underwear was higher than from socks, which may be related to the differences in the textiles and their manufacturing processes.
Gold–Nanoparticle Based Turn–on Fluorometric Sensor for Quantification of Sulfhydryl and Disulfide Forms of Biothiols: Measurement of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis
Creators: name: Çifteci, Asuman
name: Çelik, Saliha Esin
name: Apak, Reşat
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: A simple and sensitive method was developed to determine biothiols in both sulfhydryl (–SH) and disulfide (S–S) forms using a fluorometric sensor composed of citrate–stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared by electrostatic adsorption of water-soluble fluorophore Rhodamine–6G (Rh–6G) dye onto citrate–stabilized AuNPs resulting in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer in the turn-off mode. Due to the high surface affinities of biothiols to AuNPs, the fluorescence increment at 552 nm (turn-on mode) accompanying the release of Rh–6G indicated the thiol content. This assay also enables the differentiation of oxidized and reduced thiols and the measurement of thiol/disulfide homeostasis as a vital oxidative stress indicator using thiol-alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). After pretreatment with NEM, disulfides were measured in the presence of reduced thiols. The overall biothiol levels and thiol/disulfide ratios were measured using the proposed assay. This method was shown to be selective over various potential interfering compounds (e.g., polyphenols and plasma antioxidants) known to adversely affect redox-based assays. The proposed assay also enabled the naked-eye detection of biothiols by NP agglomeration and may be successfully applied to pharmaceutical samples containing thiols.
Ellisiales Bercht. & J.Presl.
Creators: name: Reveal, James L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Ellisiales

description: Ellisiales
 Bercht. & J.Presl, P ř ir. Rostlin: 244. January–April 1820 (Ellisiae)—no family name proposed to date.
description: Published as part of Reveal, James L., 2011, New ordinal names established by changes to the botanical code, pp. 42-44 in Phytotaxa 30 on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4894455
Activities of the Operating Room, May 1943
Creators: name: Martin, John, 1904-1996
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1943
Subjects: subject: World War II
subject: 12th General Hospital
subject: Surgery
subject: Surgical Procedures, Operative
subject: Equipment and Supplies, Hospital
subject: Hospitals, Military
subject: Laundry Service, Hospital
subject: Anesthesia
subject: Surgical Equipment
subject: Wounds and Injuries
subject: ʻAyn al-Turk (Algeria)
subject: Wounds and Injuries/therapy

description: These monthly reports consist of statistical tables that note the number of specific types of surgeries the 12th General Hospital Unit performed as well as information about surgical supplies.
A calculus for branched spine of 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Costantino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M20

description: We establish a calculus for branched spines of 3-manifolds by means of branched Matveev-Piergallini moves and branched bubble-moves. We briefly indicate some of its possible applications in the study and definition of State-Sum Quantum Invariants.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures. Revised version, to appear in Mathematische Zeitschrift
Race relations and institutional policy: The cultural politics of an institutional anti-harassment policy
Creators: name: Goss, III, John Reed
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: As a qualitative investigation of the cultural politics of race relations on a particular college campus, social actors' perceptions of the meaning and impact of a racial anti-harassment policy served as the focus of analysis. Rather than attempting to measure quantitative degrees of difference in perceptions on a pre-existing scale, perceptions were revealed through a form of discourse analysis. The relationship between individual and group experiences and the perceptions of the policy was revealed using informal, semi-structured and structured interviews of members of student groups, administrative personnel and key informants, focus group sessions, a quasi-experimental video-teleplay situation, and institutional documents to generate data for analysis. Both in-vivo categories and sociological categories were used in data analysis: in-vivo categorizations are taken directly from the language of the actors themselves; sociological categories were codes formulated by the researcher. The questions which shaped this study were: How do the perceptions of different individuals influence both the intent and the outcome of public policy? How does the adoption and enforcement of a racial anti-harassment policy affect the social relations of a particular college or university? How do the perceptions of institutional subgroups shape the unintended consequences of this policy?; Findings suggested that actors' perceptions of the anti-harassment policy were shaped by socially constructed perspectives defining actors' operative concepts of equality, their sources of individual and collective empowerment, and the extent of their understanding of others and their experiences with them. Identification of contradictions between the perceived ends and operative policy means revealed social actors' "structures of expectation" lead to an understanding of the impact of an anti-harassment policy in the campus community. The policy per se had little impact on the perspectives held by individuals, only on their behaviors. The policy, as seen by participants, was designed to eliminate conflict, yet it was also believed to be inadequate to promote understanding among groups, the most important identified outcome of such a policy. Recommendations include the development of opportunities for students and faculty members to confront the meanings of the underlying differences in perspectives, and that educational administrators recognize the potential to undertake organizational research in the context of their administrative duties.
Islamization of the economy: The post-revolutionary Iranian experience
Creators: name: Valibeigi, Mehrdad
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 3803
subject: Economic theory

description: The ideological and theoretical underpinning of post-revolutionary economic policies in Iran under the banner of "Economic Islamization" was based on the principles of Islamic economic thought. Islamic economic theory is not, however, a unified body of thought. This thesis identifies two conflicting approaches to private property rights and the economic role of the state, a "Liberal" and a "Radical." The liberal approach does not consider limits to legitimately acquired private property and advocates a limited economic role for the state. The radical approach emphasizes distributive equity through public ownership and advocates limited ownership of private land and capital. It considers a bigger economic role for the state. The extent of these differences undermines their consensus on relatively less important issues of usury prohibition and Islamic taxation. Theoretical and ideological conflicts between the two "Radical" and "Liberal" factions of the ruling Islamic fundamentalists resulted in the incoherent policy implementation of economic Islamization. The most incoherent results were in the areas of land reform and the nationalization of foreign trade programs. Among the few consistent ones was the early nationalization of a large number of industries and mines, the banking system and all insurance companies. The nationalization drive resulted in the expansion of public ownership and control in the industrial and financial sectors of the economy. As a result, the state sector now completely dominates the banking and insurance industries, produces up to seventy percent of the value-added in the industrial sector, employs three times more employees than in the pre-revolutionary period, and, despite the reduced defence budget, absorbs a significant portion of the GDP. Given this uncertain and unstable economic environment, the private sector has only grown in the commercial sector. There has been a significant reduction in large scale and long term investment in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. In retrospect, the most salient characteristic of the economic Islamization program has been its lack of theoretical consistency and its incoherent policies. Its most important legacy and long lasting impact has been the expansion of the realm of public ownership and control in the industrial and financial sectors of the economy.
Additional file 21 of Neuron ID dataset facilitates neuronal annotation for whole-brain activity imaging of C. elegans
Creators: name: Toyoshima, Yu
name: Wu, Stephen
name: Kanamori, Manami
name: Sato, Hirofumi
name: Jang, Moon Sun
name: Suzu Oe
name: Murakami, Yuko
name: Teramoto, Takayuki
name: Chanhyun Park
name: Yuishi Iwasaki
name: Ishihara, Takeshi
name: Yoshida, Ryo
name: Iino, Yuichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 21: Figure S14. Relationship between error rate of automatic annotation for JN3039 and detected count in the neuron ID dataset. The error rate of automatic annotation for cells identified in JN3039 and detected count of the cell in the neuron ID are shown. The red lines and the red dotted lines indicate regression lines and 95% confidence bounds, respectively. The slope is − 4.55e-4 and the confidence interval is from − 0.0659 to 0.0169. The p-value is 0.0247.
The Algebra of Strand Splitting. II. A Presentation for the Braid Group on One Strand
Creators: name: Brin, Matthew G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F05

description: Presentations are computed for a braided version BV of Thompson's group V and for V itself showing that there is an Artin group/Coxeter group relation between them. The presentation for V is obtained from that for BV by declaring all that all generators are involutions.
description: 15 pages
The prototype X-ray binary GX 339-4: using TeV gamma-rays to assess LMXBs as Galactic cosmic ray accelerators
Creators: name: Kantzas, D.
name: Markoff, S.
name: Lucchini, M.
name: Ceccobello, C.
name: Grinberg, V.
name: Connors, R. M. T.
name: Uttley, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the discovery of cosmic rays (CRs) over a century ago, their origin remains an open question. Galactic CRs with energy up to the knee ($10^{15}$ eV) are considered to originate from supernova remnants, but this scenario has recently been questioned due to lack of TeV $\gamma$-ray counterparts in many cases. Extragalactic CRs on the other hand, are thought to be associated with accelerated particles in the relativistic jets launched by supermassive accreting black holes at the center of galaxies. Scaled down versions of such jets have been detected in X-ray binaries hosting a stellar black hole (BHXBs). In this work, we investigate the possibility that the smaller-scale jets in transient outbursts of low-mass BHXBs could be sources of Galactic CRs. To better test this scenario, we model the entire electromagnetic spectrum of such sources focusing on the potential TeV regime, using the `canonical' low-mass BHXB GX 339-4 as a benchmark. Taking into account both the leptonic radiative processes and the $\gamma$-rays produced via neutral pion decay from inelastic hadronic interactions, we predict the GeV and TeV $\gamma$-ray spectrum of GX 339-4 using lower-frequency emission as constraints. Based on this test-case of GX 339-4 we investigate whether other, nearby low-mass BHXBs could be detected by the next-generation very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray facility the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which would establish them as additional and numerous potential sources of CRs in the Galaxy.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Additional file 22 of Neuron ID dataset facilitates neuronal annotation for whole-brain activity imaging of C. elegans
Creators: name: Toyoshima, Yu
name: Wu, Stephen
name: Kanamori, Manami
name: Sato, Hirofumi
name: Jang, Moon Sun
name: Suzu Oe
name: Murakami, Yuko
name: Teramoto, Takayuki
name: Chanhyun Park
name: Yuishi Iwasaki
name: Ishihara, Takeshi
name: Yoshida, Ryo
name: Iino, Yuichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 22: Figure S15. Error rates of the automatic annotation method for the animals in a microfluidic chip. Error rates of the automatic annotation method for the animals in a microfluidic chip for whole-brain activity imaging (JN3038 strain). Mean ± standard deviation over 12 animals are shown.
Islamization of the economy: The post-revolutionary Iranian experience
Creators: name: Valibeigi, Mehrdad
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The ideological and theoretical underpinning of post-revolutionary economic policies in Iran under the banner of "Economic Islamization" was based on the principles of Islamic economic thought. Islamic economic theory is not, however, a unified body of thought. This thesis identifies two conflicting approaches to private property rights and the economic role of the state, a "Liberal" and a "Radical." The liberal approach does not consider limits to legitimately acquired private property and advocates a limited economic role for the state. The radical approach emphasizes distributive equity through public ownership and advocates limited ownership of private land and capital. It considers a bigger economic role for the state. The extent of these differences undermines their consensus on relatively less important issues of usury prohibition and Islamic taxation. Theoretical and ideological conflicts between the two "Radical" and "Liberal" factions of the ruling Islamic fundamentalists resulted in the incoherent policy implementation of economic Islamization. The most incoherent results were in the areas of land reform and the nationalization of foreign trade programs. Among the few consistent ones was the early nationalization of a large number of industries and mines, the banking system and all insurance companies. The nationalization drive resulted in the expansion of public ownership and control in the industrial and financial sectors of the economy. As a result, the state sector now completely dominates the banking and insurance industries, produces up to seventy percent of the value-added in the industrial sector, employs three times more employees than in the pre-revolutionary period, and, despite the reduced defence budget, absorbs a significant portion of the GDP. Given this uncertain and unstable economic environment, the private sector has only grown in the commercial sector. There has been a significant reduction in large scale and long term investment in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. In retrospect, the most salient characteristic of the economic Islamization program has been its lack of theoretical consistency and its incoherent policies. Its most important legacy and long lasting impact has been the expansion of the realm of public ownership and control in the industrial and financial sectors of the economy.
Empetrales Bercht. & J.Presl.
Creators: name: Reveal, James L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Empetrales

description: Empetrales
 Bercht. & J.Presl, P ř ir. Rostlin: 251. January–April 1820 (Empetreae), predates Mart., Consp. Regn. Veg.: 55. September–October 1835—Empetraceae Hook. & Lindl. (1821).
description: Published as part of Reveal, James L., 2011, New ordinal names established by changes to the botanical code, pp. 42-44 in Phytotaxa 30 on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4894455
Additional file 20 of Neuron ID dataset facilitates neuronal annotation for whole-brain activity imaging of C. elegans
Creators: name: Toyoshima, Yu
name: Wu, Stephen
name: Kanamori, Manami
name: Sato, Hirofumi
name: Jang, Moon Sun
name: Suzu Oe
name: Murakami, Yuko
name: Teramoto, Takayuki
name: Chanhyun Park
name: Yuishi Iwasaki
name: Ishihara, Takeshi
name: Yoshida, Ryo
name: Iino, Yuichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 20: Figure S13. Error rate of each bipartite matching and majority voting. Error rate of each bipartite matching and majority voting are shown in the blue histogram and the black lines, respectively. The names of the cells were estimated based on their positions. The error rate was calculated as 1 – (Ncorrect)/(Nannotated) for each animal, where Nannotated is the number of human-annotated cells (ground truth) and Ncorrect is the number of cells whose annotation by the algorithm was correct. Cells un-annotated by human were not included in the calculation of error rate. The rank R indicates that it was considered correct if the correct annotation appeared in the top R estimations by the algorithm.
Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Nonylphenols and Nonylphenol Carboxylates by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Levels in German Food after Restriction
Creators: name: Al Rashed, Nasser
name: Guenther, Klaus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Nonylphenols (NPs) and nonylphenol carboxylates (NPECs) are products of the biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), which is a widely used group of nonionic surfactants. These compounds are persistent, toxic, and exhibit estrogenic activity. Global scientific and public discourse has revealed the consequences of long-term dietary exposure to these endocrine disrupters. Since 2005, the utilization and sale of NPEOs and NPs have been regulated in some industrial applications by Directive 2003/53/EC of the European Union (EU). The objective of this investigation was to assess the NPs and NPECs concentration levels in foodstuffs following the implementation of the EU directive. Using a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), NPs and NPECs were determined in the same German food basket that was examined before the restriction. NPs were detected in 22 of the 24 food samples, whereas NPECs were below the limit of detection. The concentrations of NPs on a fresh weight basis varied between 0.1 and 6.3 μg kg−1. Based on the data of food consumption rates in Germany and the concentrations of NPs in the food samples, the daily NP intake for an adult was determined to be 2.7 µg day−1, which is one-third of the value found in the 2002 study. However, our findings revealed that NPs remain ubiquitous in foods at relevant concentrations, which highlights the need for further examinations in particular the isomer-specific aspects. This is especially important as nonylphenol is found in human blood in many studies.
Recent advances in gene therapy for atrial fibrillation
Creators: name: Rottmann, Markus
name: Yoo, Shin
name: Geist, Gail Elizabeth
name: Pfenniger, Anna
name: Arora, Rishi K
Publisher: name: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Gene Therapy
subject: Atrial Fibrillation
subject: Genetic Therapy

description: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder in adults and a major cause of stroke. Unfortunately, current treatments for AF are suboptimal as they are not targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying AF. In this regard, gene therapy is emerging as a promising approach for mechanismbased treatment of AF. In this review, we summarize recent advances and challenges in gene therapy for this important cardiovascular disease.
description: original_citation: Yoo S, Geist GE, Pfenniger A, Rottman M, Arora R. Recent advances in gene therapy for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021;32:28542864.
Methods for Increasing the Resistance of Cryptographic Designs against Horizontal DPA Attacks
Creators: name: Kabin, Ievgen
name: Dyka, Zoya
name: Kreiser, Dan
name: Langendoerfer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Side-channel analysis attacks, especially horizontal DPA and DEMA attacks, are significant threats for cryptographic designs. In this paper we investigate to which extend different multiplication formulae and randomization of the field multiplier increase the resistance of an ECC design against horizontal attacks. We implemented a randomized sequence of the calculation of partial products for the field multiplication in order to increase the security features of the field multiplier. Additionally, we use the partial polynomial multiplier itself as a kind of countermeasure against DPA attacks. We demonstrate that the implemented classical multiplication formula can increase the inherent resistance of the whole ECC design. We also investigate the impact of the combination of these two approaches. For the evaluation we synthesized all these designs for a 250 nm gate library technologies, and analysed the simulated power traces. All investigated protection means help to decrease the success rate of attacks significantly: the correctness of the revealed key was decreased from 99% to 69%.
description: Author's version accepted for ICICS-2017; the final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89500-0_20
Forewarned is not necessarily forearmed: The deficit in avoidance learning manifested by head injury survivors is not the result of impaired anticipation
Creators: name: Kosmidis, Mary Helen
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: We examined a putative anticipatory behavior deficit among 21 closed head injury survivors. Deficits in performance appeared to result from impairment related to some facet of attention, rather than a problem anticipating consequences. Subjects' performance on a task sensitive to deficient anticipation suggests that avoidance learning deficits are not the result of deficient anticipation. Fourteen outpatient schizophrenics also demonstrated generalized impairment on avoidance learning compared to normal control performance.
Euonymales Bercht. & J.Presl.
Creators: name: Reveal, James L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Euonymales

description: Euonymales
 Bercht. & J.Presl, P ř ir. Rostlin: 226. January–April 1820 (Evonymeae)—Euonymaceae Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1825).
description: Published as part of Reveal, James L., 2011, New ordinal names established by changes to the botanical code, pp. 42-44 in Phytotaxa 30 on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4894455
Application of the Adiabatic Selfconsistent-Collective-Coordinate Method to a Solvable Model of Prolate-Oblate Shape Coexistence
Creators: name: Kobayasi, M.
name: Nakatsukasa, T.
name: Matsuo, M.
name: Matsuyanagi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adiabatic selfconsistent collective coordinate method is applied to an exactly solvable multi-O(4) model which simulates nuclear shape coexistence phenomena. Collective mass and dynamics of large amplitude collective motions in this model system are analysed, and it is shown that the method can well describe the tunneling motions through the barrier between the prolate and oblate local minima in the collective potential. Emergence of the doublet pattern is well reproduced.
description: 25 pages including 9 figures
Forewarned is not necessarily forearmed: The deficit in avoidance learning manifested by head injury survivors is not the result of impaired anticipation
Creators: name: Kosmidis, Mary Helen
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: We examined a putative anticipatory behavior deficit among 21 closed head injury survivors. Deficits in performance appeared to result from impairment related to some facet of attention, rather than a problem anticipating consequences. Subjects' performance on a task sensitive to deficient anticipation suggests that avoidance learning deficits are not the result of deficient anticipation. Fourteen outpatient schizophrenics also demonstrated generalized impairment on avoidance learning compared to normal control performance.
Reactions of squaric acid with phenylhydrazine
Creators: name: Shalaby, Mohammed Ashraf
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3405
subject: Organic chemistry

description: The aim of the present work is to identify the various phenylhydrazones and anilides that are formed when squaric acid is treated with phenylhydrazine. The structures tautomerism, and hydrogen bonding of these derivatives have been analyzed by infra-red and mass spectrometry, and studied by $\sp1$H and $\sp{13}$C NMR, including 2D COSY, 2D J-resolved, and $\sp1$H-detected, single and multiple bond 2D carbon-proton chemical shift correlation techniques. To help in the structure elucidation, asymmetric hydrazines such as N-methyl-N-phenyl- and N,N-diphenylhydrazine were reacted with cyclobutanetetraone to give polyhydrazones incapable of undergoing certain tautomerizations. Finally, a quinoxaline was prepared to determine the structure of cyclobutanetetraone 1,3-bis(phenylhydrazone). The study revealed striking resemblances between the reaction of squaric acid with phenylhydrazine and those occurring during sugar osazone formation. The major products isolated in both reactions are (a) the substrate monophenylhydrazones and (b) the poly(phenylhydrazones) of the substrate oxidation products, (the osazones and the poly(phenylhydrazones) of cyclobutanetetraone, respectively). In addition, the by-products formed during the reaction were similar to those proposed or isolated during osazone formation. For example, 1-anilino-2-phenyl-hydrazino-cyclobutene-3,4-dione is an analog of aldose 1-anilino-1-deoxy-2-phenylhydrazones proposed by Micheel and Dijong, and 3-hydroxy-4-phenylhydrazino-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione is an analog of aldose phenylhydrazones proposed by Weygand. The intermediates isolated favor a combination of the Weygand mechanism and the Micheel and Dijong mechanism of osazone formation. The reverse reaction to osazone formation was observed for the first time in the present work when cyclobutanetetraone 1,3-bis(phenylhydrazone) was reacted with aniline to afford squaric acid dianilide.
Reactions of squaric acid with phenylhydrazine
Creators: name: Shalaby, Mohammed Ashraf
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The aim of the present work is to identify the various phenylhydrazones and anilides that are formed when squaric acid is treated with phenylhydrazine. The structures tautomerism, and hydrogen bonding of these derivatives have been analyzed by infra-red and mass spectrometry, and studied by $\sp1$H and $\sp{13}$C NMR, including 2D COSY, 2D J-resolved, and $\sp1$H-detected, single and multiple bond 2D carbon-proton chemical shift correlation techniques. To help in the structure elucidation, asymmetric hydrazines such as N-methyl-N-phenyl- and N,N-diphenylhydrazine were reacted with cyclobutanetetraone to give polyhydrazones incapable of undergoing certain tautomerizations. Finally, a quinoxaline was prepared to determine the structure of cyclobutanetetraone 1,3-bis(phenylhydrazone). The study revealed striking resemblances between the reaction of squaric acid with phenylhydrazine and those occurring during sugar osazone formation. The major products isolated in both reactions are (a) the substrate monophenylhydrazones and (b) the poly(phenylhydrazones) of the substrate oxidation products, (the osazones and the poly(phenylhydrazones) of cyclobutanetetraone, respectively). In addition, the by-products formed during the reaction were similar to those proposed or isolated during osazone formation. For example, 1-anilino-2-phenyl-hydrazino-cyclobutene-3,4-dione is an analog of aldose 1-anilino-1-deoxy-2-phenylhydrazones proposed by Micheel and Dijong, and 3-hydroxy-4-phenylhydrazino-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione is an analog of aldose phenylhydrazones proposed by Weygand. The intermediates isolated favor a combination of the Weygand mechanism and the Micheel and Dijong mechanism of osazone formation. The reverse reaction to osazone formation was observed for the first time in the present work when cyclobutanetetraone 1,3-bis(phenylhydrazone) was reacted with aniline to afford squaric acid dianilide.
Estimating the social rate of time preference for changes in mortality risk; a contingent valuation approach
Creators: name: Womeldorff, Thomas David
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The objective of this study is to determine the appropriateness of using surveys to estimate the social rate of time preference for a change in mortality risk. Three measures of the appropriateness were used: the degree of bias evident in survey results, the reliability of the survey data as measured by context validity, and a comparison with the results of previous studies. A survey was designed to estimate the social rate of time preference (SRTP) for a reduction in mortality risk resulting from the removal of toxics from the water supply. The survey design was pretested and then face-to-face surveys were conducted with 100 residents of Arlington, Virginia. The median social rate of time preference was 0.956. Bias was significant and generally biased SRTP upward. However, it was not overwhelming suggesting biases can be controlled for. A model of determinants of SRTP was estimated and was significant lending validity to the reliability of the survey data. Finally, the results are comparable to those of the only previous study estimating SRTP for changes in mortality risk. It is concluded that face-to-face surveys are effective in revealing the social rate of time preference for a well-defined benefit stream though the potential for biased responses is not insignificant.
Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Nonylphenols and Nonylphenol Carboxylates by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Levels in German Food after Restriction
Creators: name: Rashed, Nasser Al
name: Guenther, Klaus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Nonylphenols (NPs) and nonylphenol carboxylates (NPECs) are products of the biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), which is a widely used group of nonionic surfactants. These compounds are persistent, toxic, and exhibit estrogenic activity. Global scientific and public discourse has revealed the consequences of long-term dietary exposure to these endocrine disrupters. Since 2005, the utilization and sale of NPEOs and NPs have been regulated in some industrial applications by Directive 2003/53/EC of the European Union (EU). The objective of this investigation was to assess the NPs and NPECs concentration levels in foodstuffs following the implementation of the EU directive. Using a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), NPs and NPECs were determined in the same German food basket that was examined before the restriction. NPs were detected in 22 of the 24 food samples, whereas NPECs were below the limit of detection. The concentrations of NPs on a fresh weight basis varied between 0.1 and 6.3 μg kg−1. Based on the data of food consumption rates in Germany and the concentrations of NPs in the food samples, the daily NP intake for an adult was determined to be 2.7 µg day−1, which is one-third of the value found in the 2002 study. However, our findings revealed that NPs remain ubiquitous in foods at relevant concentrations, which highlights the need for further examinations in particular the isomer-specific aspects. This is especially important as nonylphenol is found in human blood in many studies.
Imperfect Competition Under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Fishelson, Gideon
name: Fishelson, Gideon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Financial Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The behavior of firms in the Cournot-Nash model is examined under uncertainty in market demand and in their production. The emerging result is that if one of the firms is strongly more risk averse than the other its output will increase but total output declines (even when the other is risk neutral). In the Stackelberg model however if the follower is risk neutral he might compensate for the decline of output by the leader.