cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Seismic structure of the Eastern European crust and upper mantle from probabilistic ambient noise tomography
Creators: name: Petrescu, Laura
name: Borleanu, Felix
name: Kästle, Emanuel
name: Stephenson, Randell
name: Plăcintă, Anica
name: Liashchuk, Oleksandr Ivanovich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Seismic tomography
subject: Cratons
subject: TESZ
subject: Precambrian
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The Eastern European lithosphere is a natural laboratory to study continental formation and evolution through time, comprising Archean continental remnants, Proterozoic rifts and belts, and younger accreted terranes. We investigate the seismic structure of the East European Craton (EEC) crust and uppermost mantle, and the transition from Precambrian to Phanerozoic Europe across the Trans European Suture Zone (TESZ) using probabilistic transdimensional ambient noise tomography. We cross-correlate noise recorded at broadband seismic stations from Eastern, Northern, and Central Europe, remove earthquake signals using continuous wavelet transform, and extract Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves. We invert these for the highest resolution shear wave velocity model of the Eastern European lithosphere to date, using Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian inversion. Our shear wave velocity model exhibits spatial correlation with major tectonic units and bears similarities with active seismic survey profiles in terms of seismic velocity patterns and main discontinuities. The crust thickens across the TESZ boundary and the mantle is seismically faster than beneath younger terranes, consistent with a less dense Precambrian lithosphere in the EEC. The crust and lithosphere beneath the Pannonian region is hyper-extended but the adjacent Transylvanian basin crust shows significant heterogeneity. The Precambrian building blocks of the EEC exhibit contrasting seismic fabrics. The Baltic orogens of Fennoscandia are underlain by uniform crust with a flat Moho, while Sarmatia shows alternating high and low velocity layers and a regional south-dipping crustal boundary from beneath the Ukrainian Shield towards the Crimean Peninsula. The last observation supports a geodynamic style driven by horizontal rather than vertical tectonics, with fundamental implications for the formation and evolution of early continents.
Milk’s Role as an Epigenetic Regulator in Health and Disease
Creators: name: Melnik, B. C.
name: Schmitz, Gerd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: breastfeeding; DNA methyltransferase; epigenetic regulation; exosome; FTO; infant formula; lactation; miRNA-148a; milk; non-communicalbe diseases of civilization
subject: 610 Medizin

description: It is the intention of this review to characterize milk’s role as an epigenetic regulator in health and disease. Based on translational research, we identify milk as a major epigenetic modulator of gene expression of the milk recipient. Milk is presented as an epigenetic “doping system” of mammalian development. Milk exosome-derived micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) that target DNA methyltransferases are implicated to play the key role in the upregulation of developmental genes such as FTO, INS, and IGF1. In contrast to miRNA-deficient infant formula, breastfeeding via physiological miRNA transfer provides the appropriate signals for adequate epigenetic programming of the newborn infant. Whereas breastfeeding is restricted to the lactation period, continued consumption of cow’s milk results in persistent epigenetic upregulation of genes critically involved in the development of diseases of civilization such as diabesity, neurodegeneration, and cancer. We hypothesize that the same miRNAs that epigenetically increase lactation, upregulate gene expression of the milk recipient via milk-derived miRNAs. It is of critical concern that persistent consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk contaminates the human food chain with bovine miRNAs, that are identical to their human analogs. Commercial interest to enhance dairy lactation performance may further increase the epigenetic miRNA burden for the milk consumer.
HQET sum rules for matrix elements of dimension-six four-quark operators for meson lifetimes within and beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: Black, Matthew
name: Lang, Martin
name: Lenz, Alexander
name: Wüthrich, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theory predictions of heavy-hadron lifetime ratios critically depend on precise determinations of the dimension-six spectator effects arising from the double insertion of the weak effective $|ΔB| = 1$ Hamiltonian. In the presence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) operators, the resulting $ΔB = 0$ Hamiltonian features additional four-quark operators whose matrix elements need to be determined using non-perturbative methods. We present for the first time results for the non-perturbative hadronic matrix elements of the four-quark operators relevant for the description of the meson lifetime ratio $τ\left(B^+\right) / τ\left(B_d\right)$, obtained using heavy-quark effective theory (HQET) sum rules with the full BSM effective Hamiltonian. In addition, we recompute and update the bag parameters for the Standard Model operators.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures; minor changes in v3; matches the version accepted for publication in JHEP
Internet Use and Perceived Parental Involvement among Adolescents from Lower Socioeconomic Groups in Europe: An Exploration
Creators: name: Willems, Roy A.
name: Smith, Peter K.
name: Culbert, Catherine
name: Purdy, Noel
name: Hamilton, Jayne
name: Völlink, Trijntje
name: Scheithauer, Herbert
name: Fiedler, Nora
name: Brighi, Antonella
name: Menin, Damiano
name: Mameli, Consuelo
name: Guarini, Annalisa
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Internet use
subject: adolescents
subject: socioeconomic disadvantage
subject: parents
subject: online
subject: apps
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Internet usage is a salient developmental factor in adolescents’ lives. Although relevant correlates of Internet use have been documented earlier, there is a lack of information on lower socioeconomic status groups. This is important, as these adolescents have increased risk of negative online experiences. The current survey aimed to explore Internet use and parental involvement amongst adolescents from areas of socio-economic disadvantage in 30 urban schools across five European countries. A total of 2594 students participated, of whom 90% were 14–16 years. Virtually all adolescents of socioeconomic disadvantage had Internet access, with 88.5% reporting spending more than two hours per day online, often on apps such as Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube. Almost one-third of adolescents did not talk with their parents about their Internet use and almost two-thirds indicated that their parents were only a little or not interested in their Internet use. A consistent finding across countries was that girls more often talked with their parents about their Internet use and more often reported that their parents were interested in their Internet use than boys. The results suggest that parents have an important task in explicitly showing interest in their adolescents’ Internet use, with special attention needed for boys.
On commuting matrices and exponentials
Creators: name: Pazzis, Clément de Seguins
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A16, 15A22

description: Let A and B be matrices of M_n(C). We show that if exp(A)^k exp(B)^l=exp(kA+lB) for all integers k and l, then AB=BA. We also show that if exp(A)^k exp(B)=exp(B)exp(A)^k=exp(kA+B)$ for every positive integer k, then the pair (A,B) has property L of Motzkin and Taussky. As a consequence, if G is a subgroup of (M_n(C),+) and M -> exp(M) is a homomorphism from G to (GL_n(C),x), then G consists of commuting matrices. If S is a subsemigroup of (M_n(C),+) and M -> exp(M) is a homomorphism from S to (GL_n(C),x), then the linear subspace Span(S) of M_n(C) has property L of Motzkin and Taussky.
description: 17 pages, similar version as the one that will be published in Proc. Amer. Math. Soc
Rare Event Detection in Imbalanced Multi-Class Datasets Using an Optimal MIP-Based Ensemble Weighting Approach
Creators: name: Tertytchny, Georgios
name: Stavrinides, Georgios L.
name: Michael, Maria K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To address the challenges of imbalanced multi-class datasets typically used for rare event detection in critical cyber-physical systems, we propose an optimal, efficient, and adaptable mixed integer programming (MIP) ensemble weighting scheme. Our approach leverages the diverse capabilities of the classifier ensemble on a granular per class basis, while optimizing the weights of classifier-class pairs using elastic net regularization for improved robustness and generalization. Additionally, it seamlessly and optimally selects a predefined number of classifiers from a given set. We evaluate and compare our MIP-based method against six well-established weighting schemes, using representative datasets and suitable metrics, under various ensemble sizes. The experimental results reveal that MIP outperforms all existing approaches, achieving an improvement in balanced accuracy ranging from 0.99% to 7.31%, with an overall average of 4.53% across all datasets and ensemble sizes. Furthermore, it attains an overall average increase of 4.63%, 4.60%, and 4.61% in macro-averaged precision, recall, and F1-score, respectively, while maintaining computational efficiency.
description: To be published in the Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25). This version includes the supplementary material
Drawbacks of Structural Fracture Control Approaches: A Case Study of Nigerian System
Creators: name: Okwilagwe, O
name: akinlabi, stephen
name: Okukpujie, I.P
name: Ishola, F
name: Akinlabi, E T
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (ICESW 2020) IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1107 (2021) 012016 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1107/1/012016

 Fracture mechanics describes the susceptibility of structures and components to failure due to fracture, fatigue, creep, wear, or corrosion, as well as the prevention and control of crack propagation. Nigeria lacks sound fracture mechanics approaches. The frequent failure of structure is evident, particularly in the building sector, where there have been reported cases of building collapse resulting in the loss of lives and property. However, it is generally attributed to a design deficiency, the use of substandard materials or wrongful selection of materials, inferior quality control methods, inadequate maintenance programs, and the absence of standard regulatory bodies. There's a growing need for structures that poses structural integrity to be able to withstand and support a given structural load without deforming or fracturing. This can be achieved through the meticulous selection of base materials, development, and implementation of a fracture control plan, the unique design process in the construction and manufacturing industry.
Soil microbial community parameters affected by microplastics and other plastic residues
Creators: name: Li, Yüze
name: Hou, Yuting
name: Hou, Quanming
name: Long, Mei
name: Wang, Ziting
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
name: Liao, Yuncheng
name: Yong, Taiwen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: plastics
subject: dose–response
subject: microorganism
subject: microbial ecology
subject: microbial functionality
subject: environmental risk
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Introduction: The impact of plastics on terrestrial ecosystems is receiving increasing attention. Although of great importance to soil biogeochemical processes, how plastics influence soil microbes have yet to be systematically studied. The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate whether plastics lead to divergent responses of soil microbial community parameters, and explore the potential driving factors. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of 710 paired observations from 48 published articles to quantify the impact of plastic on the diversity, biomass, and functionality of soil microbial communities. Results and discussion: This study indicated that plastics accelerated soil organic carbon loss (effect size = −0.05, p = 0.004) and increased microbial functionality (effect size = 0.04, p = 0.003), but also reduced microbial biomass (effect size = −0.07, p < 0.001) and the stability of co-occurrence networks. Polyethylene significantly reduced microbial richness (effect size = −0.07, p < 0.001) while polypropylene significantly increased it (effect size = 0.17, p < 0.001). Degradable plastics always had an insignificant effect on the microbial community. The effect of the plastic amount on microbial functionality followed the “hormetic dose–response” model, the infection point was about 40 g/kg. Approximately 3564.78 μm was the size of the plastic at which the response of microbial functionality changed from positive to negative. Changes in soil pH, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with soil microbial functionality, biomass, and richness (R2 = 0.04–0.73, p < 0.05). The changes in microbial diversity were decoupled from microbial community structure and functionality. We emphasize the negative impacts of plastics on soil microbial communities such as microbial abundance, essential to reducing the risk of ecological surprise in terrestrial ecosystems. Our comprehensive assessment of plastics on soil microbial community parameters deepens the understanding of environmental impacts and ecological risks from this emerging pollution.
Liver surgery in cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Creators: name: Hackl, Christina
name: Schlitt, Hans J.
name: Renner, Philipp
name: Lang, Sven A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Liver resection, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver metastases, Portal hypertension, Cholangiocellular carcinoma, Cirrhosis
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The prevalence of hepatic cirrhosis in Europe and the United States, currently 250 patients per 100000 inhabitants, is steadily increasing. Thus, we observe a significant increase in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension needing liver resections for primary or metastatic lesions. However, extended liver resections in patients with underlying hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension still represent a medical challenge in regard to perioperative morbidity, surgical management and postoperative outcome. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification recommends to restrict curative liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients to early tumor stages in patients with Child A cirrhosis not showing portal hypertension. However, during the last two decades, relevant improvements in preoperative diagnostic, perioperative hepatologic and intensive care management as well as in surgical techniques during hepatic resections have rendered even extended liver resections in higher-degree cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension possible. However, there are few standard indications for hepatic resections in cirrhotic patients and risk stratifications have to be performed in an interdisciplinary setting for each individual patient. We here review the indications, the preoperative risk-stratifications, the morbidity and the mortality of extended resections for primary and metastatic lesions in cirrhotic livers. Furthermore, we provide a review of literature on perioperative management in cirrhotic patients needing extrahepatic abdominal surgery and an overview of surgical options in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis.
description: Open Access-Komponente aus einer Allianzlizenz
Mammalian maxilloturbinal evolution does not reflect thermal biology
Creators: name: Martinez, Quentin
name: Okrouhlík, Jan
name: Šumbera, Radim
name: Wright, Mark
name: Araújo, Ricardo
name: Braude, Stan
name: Hildebrandt, Thomas B.
name: Holtze, Susanne
name: Ruf, Irina
name: Fabre, Pierre-Henri
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Animal physiology
subject: Palaeontology
subject: Phylogenetics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The evolution of endothermy in vertebrates is a major research topic in recent decades that has been tackled by a myriad of research disciplines including paleontology, anatomy, physiology, evolutionary and developmental biology. The ability of most mammals to maintain a relatively constant and high body temperature is considered a key adaptation, enabling them to successfully colonize new habitats and harsh environments. It has been proposed that in mammals the anterior nasal cavity, which houses the maxilloturbinal, plays a pivotal role in body temperature maintenance, via a bony system supporting an epithelium involved in heat and moisture conservation. The presence and the relative size of the maxilloturbinal has been proposed to reflect the endothermic conditions and basal metabolic rate in extinct vertebrates. We show that there is no evidence to relate the origin of endothermy and the development of some turbinal bones by using a comprehensive dataset of µCT-derived maxilloturbinals spanning most mammalian orders. Indeed, we demonstrate that neither corrected basal metabolic rate nor body temperature significantly correlate with the relative surface area of the maxilloturbinal. Instead, we identify important variations in the relative surface area, morpho-anatomy, and complexity of the maxilloturbinal across the mammalian phylogeny and species ecology.
Scheinverlage in der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation. Verbreitung von Predatory Publishing und Lösungsansätze
Creators: name: Deinzer, Gernot
name: Herb, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Predatory Publishing; Qualität; wissenschaftliche Publikation
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Wissenschaft fußt auf glaubwürdigkeit. Diese wiederum wird gesichert durch die Regeln guter wissenschaftlicher praxis und Veröffentlichungen von Forschungsergebnissen in wissen-schaftlichen Fachzeitschriften unter Anwendung strenger Qua-litätskriterien. Aber auch in der Wissenschaft wird getäuscht. Verlage mit dubiosen geschäftsmodellen umgehen die gängigen Qualitätsmechanismen und veröffentlichen Artikel in vermeintlich wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften, jedoch ohne jegliche Qualitäts-prüfung. Modelle dieser Raubverleger (Predatory Publisher) werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt und ihr Anteil am publikationsmarkt untersucht. Darüber hinaus werden Maßnah-men gegen derartige geschäftsmodelle vorgeschlagen. Dazu gehört ein Ausblick auf eine transparente Wissenschaft und das Aufzeigen der Rolle, die Bibliotheken im Kampf gegen diese praktiken einnehmen könnten
Global spherically symmetric classical solution to compressible Navier-Stokes equations with large initial data and vacuum
Creators: name: Ding, Shijin
name: Wen, Huanyao
name: Yao, Lei
name: Zhu, Changjiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we obtain a result on the existence and uniqueness of global spherically symmetric classical solutions to the compressible isentropic Navier-Stokes equations with vacuum in a bounded domain or exterior domain Ω of Rn(n >= 2). Here, the initial data could be large. Besides, the regularities of the solutions are better than those obtained in [H.J. Choe and H. Kim, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 28 (2005), pp. 1-28; Y. Cho and H. Kim, Manuscripta Math., 120 (2006), pp. 91-129; S.J. Ding, H.Y.Wen, and C.J. Zhu, J. Differential Equations, 251 (2011), pp. 1696-1725]. The analysis is based on some new mathematical techniques and some new useful energy estimates. This is an extension of the work of Choe and Kim, Cho and Kim, and Ding, Wen, and Zhu, where the global radially symmetric strong solutions, the local classical solutions in three dimensions, and the global classical solutions in one dimension were obtained, respectively. This paper can be viewed as the first result on the existence of global classical solutions with large initial data and vacuum in higher dimension
description: 22 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1103.1421
Accelerating in-system debug of high-level synthesis generated circuits on field-programmable gate arrays using incremental compilation techniques
Creators: name: Bussa, Pavan Kumar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: High-Level Synthesis (HLS) has emerged as a promising technology that allows designers to create a digital hardware circuit using a high-level language like C, allowing even software developers to obtain the benefits of hardware implementation. HLS will only be successful if it is accompanied by a suitable debug ecosystem. There are existing debugging methodologies based on software simulation, however, these are not suitable for finding bugs which occur only during the actual execution of the circuit. Recent efforts have presented in-system debug techniques which allow a designer to debug an implementation, running on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) at its actual speed, in the context of the original source code. These techniques typically add instrumentation to store a history of all user variables in a design on-chip. To maximize the effectiveness of the limited on-chip memory and to simplify the debug instrumentation logic, it is desirable to store only selected user variables. Unfortunately, this may lead to multiple debug runs. In existing frameworks, changing the variables to be stored between runs changes the debug instrumentation circuitry. This requires a complete recompilation of the design before reprogramming it on an FPGA. In this thesis, we quantify the benefits of recording fewer variables and solve the problem of lengthy full compilations in each debug run using incremental compilation techniques present in the commercial FPGA CAD tools. We propose two promising debug flows that use this technology to reduce the debug turn-around time for an in-system debug framework. The first flow, in which the user circuit and instrumentation are co-optimized during compilation, gives the fastest debug clock speeds but suffers in user circuit performance once the debug instrumentation is removed. In the second flow, the optimization of the user circuit is sacrosanct. It is placed and routed first without having any constraints and the debug instrumentation is added later leading to the fastest user circuit clock speeds, but performance suffers slightly during debug. Using either flow, we achieve 40% reduction in debug turn-around times, on average.
Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell and Palm Kernel Shell Polymer Composites: A Review
Creators: name: Baffour-Awuah, E.
name: akinlabi, stephen
name: Jen, Tien-Chien
name: Hassan, S
name: Okokpujie, I. P.
name: Ishola, F.
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description:
 International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (ICESW 2020) IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1107 (2021) 012090 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1107/1/012090
 Abstract- The peculiar characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) may have corresponding effects on polymer mono composites and hybrid composites when used as filler in polymer matrices. This review paper relates Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), palm kernel shell-mono composites, and palm kernel shell hybrid composites in terms of identification, sampling, and analysis. The purpose was to establish the properties of palm kernel shells and their composites as documented by various researchers in a one-stop-shop document for use by current and future researchers. The accidental and judgmental sampling procedures were employed to sample documents that relate palm kernel shells and polymers. The study revealed that lignocellulos palm kernel shell properties, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose might vary depending on the geographic location of the plant from which the shell is derived. Similarly, the mineral content of PKS, such as carbon, iron, Aluminum, potassium, silicon, phosphorus, oxygen, and cesium, among others, were found to vary. Other properties identified include solid density, porosity, specific gravity, specific heat capacity, moisture content, and angle of repose. The paper also observed that using PKS as a filler material in polymer composites could modify the properties of the filler and hence PKS/polymer composites. The paper concludes that PKS may be a good filler material when used in the development of PKS/oil palm mesocarp/polyethylene hybrid composites. Chemical treatment of the PKS particles may further enhance the characteristics of the evolved hybrid composite material.
Jacobian discrepancies and rational singularities
Creators: name: de Fernex, Tommaso
name: Docampo, Roi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J17 (Primary) 14F18 (Secondary) 14E18

description: Inspired by several works on jet schemes and motivic integration, we consider an extension to singular varieties of the classical definition of discrepancy for morphisms of smooth varieties. The resulting invariant, which we call Jacobian discrepancy, is closely related to the jet schemes and the Nash blow-up of the variety. This notion leads to a framework in which adjunction and inversion of adjunction hold in full generality, and several consequences are drawn from these properties. The main result of the paper is a formula measuring the gap between the dualizing sheaf and the Grauert-Riemenschneider canonical sheaf of a normal variety. As an application, we give characterizations for rational and Du Bois singularities on normal Cohen-Macaulay varieties in terms of Jacobian discrepancies. In the case when the canonical class of the variety is Q-Cartier, our result provides the necessary corrections for the converses to hold in theorems of Elkik, of Kovaćs, Schwede and Smith, and of Kollaŕ and Kovaćs on rational and Du Bois singularities.
description: 30 pages. Minor corrections. Final version, to appear in J. Eur. Math. Soc
Two-dimensional nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped mesoporous carbon-graphene nanosheets anode for high-performance potassium-ion capacitor
Creators: name: Li, Tong
name: Huang, Xinli
name: Lei, Shulai
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Li, Xin
name: Wang, Chengxiang
name: Zhang, Zhiwei
name: Wang, Shijie
name: Yin, Longwei
name: Wang, Rutao
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Potassium-ion capacitor
subject: graphene
subject: nanosheet
subject: heteroatom doping
subject: mesoporous carbon
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Heteroatom-doped carbon materials have high gravimetric potassium-ion storage capability because of their abundant active sites and defects. However, their practical applications toward potassium storage are limited by sluggish reaction kinetics and short cycling life owing to the large ionic radius of K+ and undesirable parasitic reactions. Herein, we report a new strategy that allows for bottom-up patterning of thin N/P co-doped carbon layers with a uniform mesoporous structure on two-dimensional graphene sheets. The highly porous architecture and N/P co-doping properties provide abundant active sites for K+, and the graphene sheets promote charge/electron transfer. This synergistic structure enables excellent K+ storage performance in terms of specific capacity (387.6 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1), rate capability (over 5 A g-1), and cycling stability (70% after 3,000 cycles). As a proof of concept, a potassium-ion capacitor assembled using this carbon anode yields a high energy density of 107 Wh kg-1, a maximum power density of 18.3 kW kg-1, and ultra-long cycling stability over 40,000 cycles.
Explicit angle structures for veering triangulations
Creators: name: Futer, David
name: Guéritaud, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50, 57R05

description: Agol recently introduced the notion of a veering triangulation, and showed that such triangulations naturally arise as layered triangulations of fibered hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We prove, by a constructive argument, that every veering triangulation admits positive angle structures, recovering a result of Hodgson, Rubinstein, Segerman, and Tillmann. Our construction leads to explicit lower bounds on the smallest angle in this positive angle structure, and to information about angled holonomy of the boundary tori.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures. v2 contains a cleaner definition of holonomy in Section 6.1, and minor expository changes throughout. To appear in Algebraic & Geometric Topology
Exploring the impact of urbanization on consumer goods distribution networks
Creators: name: Kellner, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distribution network, Distribution logistics, Urbanization, Fast-moving consumer goods
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Purpose Due to the growing percentage share of urban dwellers, the physical distribution of products faces altering conditions. This research explores the effects that urbanization has on the performance of a fast-moving consumer goods distribution network. A focus is set on changes in distribution cost, the cost-minimal network design, and greenhouse gas emissions. Design/methodology/approach The analyses are based on a quantitative distribution network model of an existing manufacturer of consumer goods. Findings The results indicate that the foreseen population shift will affect the network's economic and environmental performance. Effects are, among others, due to differences in the efficiency of supplying urban and nonurban regions. The combined effects of urbanization and the development of the population size will even more affect the network's performance. Originality/value Research dealing with distribution logistics and urbanization primarily focuses on city logistics. In this paper, the object of analysis is the entire distribution system.
Explainable machine learning for labquake prediction using catalog-driven features
Creators: name: Karimpouli, Sadegh
name: Caus, Danu
name: Grover, Harsh
name: Martínez-Garzón, Patricia
name: Bohnhoff, Marco
name: Beroza, Gregory C.
name: Dresen, Georg
name: Goebel, Thomas
name: Weigel, Tobias
name: Kwiatek, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: labquake prediction
subject: explainable ML
subject: catalog-driven features
subject: time to failure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Recently, Machine learning (ML) has been widely utilized for laboratory earthquake (labquake) prediction using various types of data. This study pioneers in time to failure (TTF) prediction based on ML using acoustic emission (AE) records from three laboratory stick-slip experiments performed on Westerly granite samples with naturally fractured rough faults, more similar to the heterogeneous fault structures in the nature. 47 catalog-driven seismo-mechanical and statistical features are extracted introducing some new features based on focal mechanism. A regression voting ensemble of Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks predicts TTF with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 70% on the test dataset. Feature importance analysis revealed that AE rate, correlation integral, event proximity, and focal mechanism-based features are the most important features for TTF prediction. Results reveal that the network uses all information among the features for prediction, including general trends in high correlated features as well as fine details about local variations and fault evolution involved in low correlated features. Therefore, some highly correlated and physically meaningful features may be considered less important for TTF prediction due to their correlation with other important features. Our study provides a ground for applying catalog-driven to constrain TTF of complex heterogeneous rough faults, which is capable to be developed for real application.
Fisher information and multiparticle entanglement
Creators: name: Hyllus, Philipp
name: Laskowski, Wiesław
name: Krischek, Roland
name: Schwemmer, Christian
name: Wieczorek, Witlef
name: Weinfurter, Harald
name: Pezzé, Luca
name: Smerzi, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fisher information $F$ gives a limit to the ultimate precision achievable in a phase estimation protocol. It has been shown recently that the Fisher information for a linear two-mode interferometer cannot exceed the number of particles if the input state is separable. As a direct consequence, with such input states the shot-noise limit is the ultimate limit of precision. In this work, we go a step further by deducing bounds on $F$ for several multiparticle entanglement classes. These bounds imply that genuine multiparticle entanglement is needed for reaching the highest sensitivities in quantum interferometry. We further compute similar bounds on the average Fisher information $\bar F$ for collective spin operators, where the average is performed over all possible spin directions. We show that these criteria detect different sets of states and illustrate their strengths by considering several examples, also using experimental data. In particular, the criterion based on $\bar F$ is able to detect certain bound entangled states.
description: Published version. Notice also the following article [Phys. Rev. A 85, 022322 (2012), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.022322] by Geza T\'oth on the same subject
Epstein-Barr Virus EBER Transcripts Affect miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Specific Targets and Are Processed to Small RNA Species
Creators: name: Alles, J.
name: Hasler, Daniele
name: Kazmi, Syed Mohammad Ali
name: Eichner, Norbert
name: Meister, Gunter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Epstein-Barr virus; EBV; EBER; microRNA; DICER; Lupus antigen; La; ebv-miR-BART16; hsa-miR-142; IL1A; RAC1; TOMM22; ADCY9
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expresses 44 mature microRNAs and two non-coding EBER RNAs of 167 (EBER1) and 172 (EBER2) nt length. MiRNA profiling of NK/T cell lines and primary cells and Northern blotting of EBV-infected cell lines and primary tumors revealed processing of EBER1 to short 5′-derived RNAs of approximately 23, 52 and 70 nt (EBER123, EBER152, and EBER170) and of EBER2 to 3′ fragments. The biogenesis of these species is independent of Dicer, and EBER123 does not act like a miRNA OPEN ACCESS Non-Coding RNA 2015, 1 171 to target its complementary sequence. EBER1, EBER2 and EBER123 were bound by the lupus antigen (La), a nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that facilitates RNAi. Consistent with this, the EBERs affect regulation of interleukin 1alpha (IL1α) and RAC1 reporters harboring miR target sequences, targets of miR-142-3p. However, the EBERs have no effect upon another target of miR-142-3p, ADCY9, nor on TOMM22, a target of ebv-miR-BART16, indicative of selective modulation of gene expression by the EBERs.
Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses in Crop Plants
Creators: name: Dresselhaus, Thomas
name: Hückelhoven, R.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: heat and drought stress; salinity; flooding; plant immunity; cereals; secondary metabolites; signaling; stress
subject: 580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Agricultural productivity depends on increasingly extreme weather phenomena, and the use of germplasm that has to be continuously improved by plant breeders to become tolerant to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular plant biologists try to understand the mechanisms associated with stress responses and provide knowledge that could be used in breeding programs. To provide a partial overview about our current understanding about molecular and physiological stress responses, and how this knowledge can be used in agriculture, we have edited a special issue on “Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses in Crop Plants”. Contributions are from different fields including heat stress responses, stress responses during drought and salinity, as well as during flooding, and resistance and susceptibility to pathogenetic stresses and about the role of plant functional metabolites in biotic stress responses. Future research demand in particular areas of crop stress physiology is discussed, as well as the importance of translational research and investigations directly in elite crop plants and in the genetic resources available for breeding.
Singular integrals on self-similar sets and removability for Lipschitz harmonic functions in Heisenberg groups
Creators: name: Chousionis, Vasilis
name: Mattila, Pertti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study singular integrals on small (that is, measure zero and lower than full dimensional) subsets of metric groups. The main examples of the groups we have in mind are Euclidean spaces and Heisenberg groups. In addition to obtaining results in a very general setting, the purpose of this work is twofold; we shall extend some results in Euclidean spaces to more general kernels than previously considered, and we shall obtain in Heisenberg groups some applications to harmonic (in the Heisenberg sense) functions of some results known earlier in Euclidean spaces.
description: To appear in Journal f\"ur die reine und angewandte Mathematik
How honeybees respond to heat stress from the individual to colony level
Creators: name: Jhawar, Jitesh
name: Davidson, Jacob D.
name: Weidenmüller, Anja
name: Wild, Benjamin
name: Dormagen, David M.
name: Landgraf, Tim
name: Couzin, Iain D.
name: Smith, Michael L.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: collective behaviour
subject: superorganism
subject: colony reorganization
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: A honey bee colony functions as an integrated collective, with individuals coordinating their behaviour to adapt and respond to unexpected disturbances. Nest homeostasis is critical for colony function; when ambient temperatures increase, individuals switch to thermoregulatory roles to cool the nest, such as fanning and water collection. While prior work has focused on bees engaged in specific behaviours, less is known about how responses are coordinated at the colony level, and how previous tasks predict behavioural changes during a heat stress. Using BeesBook automated tracking, we follow thousands of individuals during an experimentally induced heat stress, and analyse their behavioural changes from the individual to colony level. We show that heat stress causes an overall increase in activity levels and a spatial reorganization of bees away from the brood area. Using a generalized framework to analyse individual behaviour, we find that individuals differ in their response to heat stress, which depends on their prior behaviour and correlates with age. Examining the correlation of behavioural metrics over time suggests that heat stress perturbation does not have a long-lasting effect on an individual’s future behaviour. These results demonstrate how thousands of individuals within a colony change their behaviour to achieve a coordinated response to an environmental disturbance.
Metabolomics biomarkers of prostate cancer: A systematic review
Creators: name: Kdadra, M.
name: Höckner, S.
name: Leung, H.
name: Kremer, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: prostate cancer; metabolomics; biomarkers; systematic review; metabolites; profiling
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis with current biomarkers is difficult and often results in unnecessary invasive procedures as well as over-diagnosis and over-treatment, highlighting the need for novel biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of available metabolomics PCa biomarkers, particularly for clinically significant disease. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed for publications from July 2008 to July 2018 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to report biomarkers with respect to their application in PCa diagnosis, progression, aggressiveness, recurrence, and treatment response. The vast majority of studies report biomarkers with the ability to distinguish malignant from benign prostate tissue with a few studies investigating biomarkers associated with disease progression, treatment response or tumour recurrence. In general, these studies report high dimensional datasets and the number of analysed metabolites often significantly exceeded the number of available samples. Hence, observed multivariate differences between case and control samples in the datasets might potentially also be associated with pre-analytical, technical, statistical and confounding factors. Giving the technical and methodological hurdles, there are nevertheless a number of metabolites and pathways repeatedly reported across various technical approaches, cohorts and sample types that appear to play a predominant role in PCa tumour biology, progression and recurrence.
The First Chelate-Free Crystal Structure of a Silicide Transition Metal Complex [K0.28Rb7.72Si9Ni(CO)2]2•16NH3
Creators: name: Gärtner, Stefanie
name: Hamberger, Markus
name: Korber, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: silicides; ammonia; crystal structure; cluster compounds; Zintl ions
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Single-crystals X-ray structure analysis of very thermally labile and moisture sensitive ammoniate crystals of [K0.28Rb7.72Si9Ni(CO)2]2·16NH3 show the presence of the very rarely observed nickel-silicide complex [{Ni(CO)2}2(µ-Si9)2]8−, which was up to now only known in the 18-crown-6 involving solid [Rb@18-crown-6)]2[K@18-crown-6)]2Rb4[{Ni(CO)2}2(µ-Si9)2]·22NH3. This shows that, like already known for the heavier homologues, the presence of 18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) is no precondition for the stabilization of the silicide cluster anion in solid state and the absence of the alkali metal ligand even allows for the crystallization in the higher symmetric monoclinic space group C2/c compared to the triclinic space group P-1 when 18-crown-6 is present.
Solid-State Optimal Phase-Covariant Quantum Cloning Machine
Creators: name: Pan, Xin-Yu
name: Liu, Gang-Qin
name: Yang, Li-Li
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report an experimental realization of optimal phase-covariant quantum cloning machine with a single electron spin in solid state system at room temperature. The involved three states of two logic qubits are encoded physically in three levels of a single electron spin with two Zeeman sub-levels at a nitrogen-vacancy defect center in diamond. The preparation of input state and the phase-covariant quantum cloning transformation are controlled by two independent microwave fields. The average experimental fidelity reaches 85.2% which is very close to theoretical optimal fidelity 85.4% and is beyond the bound 83.3% of universal cloning.
description: 3 pages; 5 figures
Genetic and Phenotypic Virulence Potential of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolated from German Retail Seafood
Creators: name: Zhang, Quantao
name: Alter, Thomas
name: Strauch, Eckhard
name: Hammerl, Jens Andre
name: Schwartz, Keike
name: Borowiak, Maria
name: Deneke, Carlus
name: Fleischmann, Susanne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae
subject: seafood
subject: genetic and phenotypic characterization
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) can cause gastrointestinal infections in humans. Contaminated food, especially seafood, is an important source of human infections. In this study, the virulence potential of 63 NOVC strains isolated from retail seafood were characterized at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Although no strain encoded the cholera toxin (CTX) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), several virulence factors, including the HlyA hemolysin, the cholix toxin ChxA, the heat-stable enterotoxin Stn, and genes coding for the type 3 and type 6 secretion systems, were detected. All strains showed hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes: 90% (n = 57) formed a strong biofilm, 52% (n = 33) were highly motile at 37 °C, and only 8% (n = 5) and 14% (n = 9) could resist ≥60% and ≥40% human serum, respectively. Biofilm formation and toxin regulation genes were also detected. cgMLST analysis demonstrated that NOVC strains from seafood cluster with clinical NOVC strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results in the identification of five strains that developed non-wildtype phenotypes (medium and resistant) against the substances of the classes of beta-lactams (including penicillin, carbapenem, and cephalosporin), polymyxins, and sulphonamides. The phenotypic resistance pattern could be partially attributed to the acquired resistance determinants identified via in silico analysis. Our results showed differences in the virulence potential of the analyzed NOVC isolated from retail seafood products, which may be considered for further pathogenicity evaluation and the risk assessment of NOVC isolates in future seafood monitoring.