cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dark Fluid: a complex scalar field to unify dark energy and dark matter
Creators: name: Arbey, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we examine a model which proposes a common explanation for the presence of additional attractive gravitational effects -- generally considered to be due to dark matter -- in galaxies and in clusters, and for the presence of a repulsive effect at cosmological scales -- generally taken as an indication of the presence of dark energy. We therefore consider the behavior of a so-called dark fluid based on a complex scalar field with a conserved U(1)-charge and associated to a specific potential, and show that it can at the same time account for dark matter in galaxies and in clusters, and agree with the cosmological observations and constraints on dark energy and dark matter.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, references added, minor corrections and improvements
Circuit Complexity From Cosmological Islands
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sayantan
name: Chowdhury, Satyaki
name: Gupta, Nitin
name: Mishara, Anurag
name: Selvam, Sachin Panneer
name: Panda, Sudhakar
name: Pasquino, Gabriel D.
name: Singha, Chiranjeeb
name: Swain, Abinash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently in various theoretical works, path-breaking progress has been made in recovering the well-known Page Curve of an evaporating black hole with Quantum Extremal Islands, proposed to solve the long-standing black hole information loss problem related to the unitarity issue. Motivated by this concept, in this paper, we study cosmological circuit complexity in the presence (or absence) of Quantum Extremal Islands in the negative (or positive) Cosmological Constant with radiation in the background of Friedmann-Lema$\hat{i}$tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-time i.e the presence and absence of islands in anti-de Sitter and the de Sitter spacetime having SO(2, 3) and SO(1, 4) isometries respectively. Without using any explicit details of any gravity model, we study the behaviour of the circuit complexity function with respect to the dynamical cosmological solution for the scale factors for the above-mentioned two situations in FLRW space-time using squeezed state formalism. By studying the cosmological circuit complexity, Out-of-Time Ordered Correlators, and entanglement entropy of the modes of the squeezed state, in different parameter spaces, we conclude the non-universality of these measures. Their remarkably different features in the different parameter spaces suggest their dependence on the parameters of the model under consideration.
description: 75 pages, 29 figures, 4 tables, Dr. Sayantan Choudhury would like to dedicate this work to his lovable father and prime inspiration Professor Manoranjan Choudhury who recently have passed away due to COVID 19. Updated and revised version, Accepted for publication in Symmetry (section: Physics and Symmetry/Asymmetry, Special issue: Manifest and Hidden Symmetries in Field and String Theories)
INFORMATION POLICY AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD: WEIGHING THE BENEFITS AND COSTS
Creators: name: Teisl, Mario F.
name: Caswell, Julie A.
name: Teisl, Mario F.
name: Caswell, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: GMOs
subject: biotechnology
subject: labeling
subject: benefits
subject: costs

description: The labeling of genetically modified foods (GMFs) is the topic of a debate that could dramatically alter the structure of the U.S. and international food industry. The current lack of harmonization of policy across countries makes GMF labeling an international trade issue. The U.S. and Canada do not require GMFs to be labeled unless the GMF is significantly different than the conventional food or the GMF presents a health concern. However, many other countries are requiring GMFs to be labeled. This paper discusses empirical work on the sources and magnitude of benefits and costs from labeling programs, with particular emphasis on the impact of the design of the labeling program on benefits and costs.
The ground state of polaron in an ultracold dipolar Fermi gas
Creators: name: Nishimura, Kazuya
name: Nakano, Eiji
name: Iida, Kei
name: Tajima, Hiroyuki
name: Miyakawa, Takahiko
name: Yabu, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An impurity atom immersed in an ultracold atomic Fermi gas can form a quasiparticle, so-called Fermi polaron, due to impurity-fermion interaction. We consider a three-dimensional homogeneous dipolar Fermi gas as a medium, where the interatomic dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) makes the Fermi surface deformed into a spheroidal shape, and, using a Chevy-type variational method, investigate the ground-state properties of the Fermi polaron: the effective mass, the momentum distribution of a particle-hole (p-h) excitation, the drag parameter, and the medium density modification around the impurity. These quantities are shown to exhibit spatial anisotropies in such a way as to reflect the momentum anisotropy of the background dipolar Fermi gas. We have also given numerical results for the polaron properties at the unitarity limit of the impurity-fermion interaction in the case in which the impurity and fermion masses are equal. It has been found that the transverse effective mass and the transverse momentum drag parameter of the polaron both tend to decrease by $ \sim 10\%$ when the DDI strength is raised from $0$ up to around its critical value, while the longitudinal ones exhibit a very weak dependence on the DDI.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures; accepted version
The redshift evolution of the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation in Simba
Creators: name: Glowacki, M.
name: Elson, E.
name: Davé, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR) is an important tool for constraining galaxy evolution models. As 21-cm HI emission studies have been largely restricted to low redshifts, the redshift evolution of the BTFR is less studied. The upcoming LADUMA survey (Looking At the Distant Universe with the MeerKAT Array) will address this. As preparation for LADUMA, we use the Simba hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation from the Simba-hires (25 h$^{-1}$ Mpc)$^{3}$ run to generate rotational velocity measures from galaxy rotation curves ($V_{\rm flat}$) and HI spectral line profile widths ($W_{\rm 50}$ and $W_{\rm 20}$) at three different redshifts ($z$ = 0, 0.5, and 1). Using these measures, together with the dark matter velocity dispersion and halo mass, we consider the redshift evolution of the BTFR of Simba galaxies. We find that LADUMA will be successful in detecting weak redshift evolution of the BTFR, provided that auxiliary data is used to distinguish galaxies with disky morphologies. $W_{\rm 20}$ spectral line widths give lower scatter and more pronounced redshift evolution compared to $W_{\rm 50}$. We also compare these rotational velocity measures to the dark matter velocity dispersion across redshift and galaxy morphology. We find weak redshift evolution between rotational velocity and the dark matter halo mass, and provide fits for estimating a galaxy's dark matter halo mass from HI spectral line widths. This study with Simba showcases the importance of upcoming, deep SKA pathfinder surveys such as LADUMA, and provides predictions to compare with redshift evolution of the BTFR and galaxy dark matter content from HI rotational velocity measures.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication to MNRAS
Binarity, activity and metallicity among late-type stars I. Methodology and application to HD 27536 and HD 216803
Creators: name: Dall, T. H.
name: Bruntt, H.
name: Strassmeier, K. G.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first in a series of papers that attempt to investigate the relation between binarity, magnetic activity, and chemical surface abundances of cool stars. In the current paper, we lay out and test two abundance analysis methods and apply them to two well-known, active, single stars, HD 27536 (G8IV-III) and HD 216803 (K5V), presenting photospheric fundamental parameters and abundances of Li, Al, Ca, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co and Ni. The abundances from the two methods agree within the errors for all elements except calcium in \hdeen, which means that either method yields the same fundamental model parameters and the same abundances. Activity is described by the radiative loss in the Ca II H & K lines with respect to the bolometric luminosity, through the activity index R_{HK}. Binarity is established by very precise radial velocity (RV) measurements using HARPS spectra. The spectral line bisectors are examined for correlations between RV and bisector shape to distinguish between the effects of stellar activity and unseen companions. We show that HD 27536 exhibit RV variations mimicking the effect of a low-mass (m ~ 4M_J) companion in a relatively close (a ~ 1AU) orbit. The variation is strongly correlated with the activity, and consistent with the known photometric period P = 306.9 d, demonstrating a remarkable coherence between R_{HK} and the bisector shape, i.e. between the photosphere and the chromosphere. We discuss the complications involved in distinguishing between companion and activity induced RV variations.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures. A&A accepted
What Motivates Common Pool Resource Users? Experimental Evidence from the Field
Creators: name: Velez, Maria Alejandra
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Murphy, James J.
name: Velez, Maria Alejandra
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: Murphy, James J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper develops and tests several models of pure Nash strategies of individuals who extract from a common pool resource when they are motivated by a combination of self-interest and other motivations such as altruism, reciprocity, inequity aversion and conformism. We test whether an econometric summary of subjects' strategies is consistent with one of these motivations using data from a series of common pool resource experiments conducted in three regions of Colombia. As expected, average extraction levels are less than that predicted by a model of pure self-interest, but are nevertheless sub-optimal. Moreover, we find that a model of conformism with monotonically increasing best response functions best describes average strategies. Our empirical results are inconsistent with models of altruism, reciprocity and inequity aversion.
Electron-phonon hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Huang, Xiaoyang
name: Lucas, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the theory of hydrodynamics of an isotropic Fermi liquid of electrons coupled to isotropic acoustic phonons, assuming that umklapp processes may be neglected. At low temperatures, the fluid is approximately Galilean invariant; at high temperatures, the fluid is nearly relativistic; at intermediate temperatures, there are seven additional temperature regimes with unconventional thermodynamic properties and hydrodynamic transport coefficients in a three-dimensional system. We predict qualitative signatures of electron-phonon fluids in incoherent transport coefficients, shear and Hall viscosity, and plasmon dispersion relations. Our theory may be relevant for numerous quantum materials where strong electron-phonon scattering has been proposed to underlie a hydrodynamic regime, including $\mathrm{WTe}_2$, $\mathrm{WP}_2$, and $\mathrm{PtSn}_4$.
description: 24+10 pages, 4 figures. v2: published version
Study of the leptonic decays of pseudoscalar $B, D$ and vector $B^*, D^*$ mesons and of the semileptonic $B\to D$ and $B\to D^*$ decays
Creators: name: Albertus, C.
name: Hernández, E.
name: Nieves, J.
name: Verde-Velasco, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for different observables in weak decays of pseudoscalar and vector mesons with a heavy $c$ or $b$ quark. The calculations are done in a nonrelativistic constituent quark model improved at some instances by heavy quark effective theory constraints. We determine pseudoscalar and vector meson decay constants that within a few per cent satisfy $f_V M_V/f_P M_P=1$, a result expected in heavy quark symmetry when the heavy quark masses tend to infinity. We also analyze the semileptonic $B\to D$ and $B\to D^*$ decays for which we evaluate the different form factors. Here we impose heavy quark effective theory constraints among form factors that are not satisfied by a direct quark model calculation. The value of the form factors at zero recoil allows us to determine, by comparison with experimental data, the value of the $|V_{cb}|$ Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element. From the $B\to D$ semileptonic decay we get $|V_{cb}|=0.040\pm0.006$ in perfect agreement with our previous determination based on the study of the semileptonic $Λ_b\to Λ_c$ decay and also in excellent agreement with a recent experimental determination by the DELPHI Collaboration. We further make use of the partial conservation of axial current hypothesis to determine the strong coupling constants $g_{B^*Bπ}(0)=60.5\pm 1.1$ and $g_{D^*Dπ}(0)=22.1\pm0.4$. The ratio $R=(g_{B^*Bπ}(0) f_{B^*}\sqrt{M_D})/ (g_{D^*Dπ}(0) f_{D^*}\sqrt{M_B})=1.105\pm0.005$ agrees with the heavy quark symmetry prediction of 1.
description: 19 Latex pages,6 figures, references added, corrected typos, content enlarged
Quantum Brownian motion in ratchet potentials: duality relation and its consequences
Creators: name: Peguiron, J.
name: Grifoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Brownian motion in ratchet potentials is investigated by means of an approach based on a duality relation. This relation links the long-time dynamics in a tilted ratchet potential in the presence of dissipation with the one in a driven dissipative tight-binding model. The application to quantum ratchet yields a simple expression for the ratchet current in terms of the transition rates in the tight-binding system.
description: Chemical Physics (in press)
Interaction Between Food Attributes in Markets: The Case of Environmental Labeling
Creators: name: Grolleau, Gilles
name: Caswell, Julie A.
name: Grolleau, Gilles
name: Caswell, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Some consumers derive utility from using products produced with specific processes, such as environmentally friendly practices. Means of verifying these credence attributes, such as certification, are necessary for the market to function effectively. A substitute or complementary solution may exist when consumers perceive a relationship between a process attribute and other verifiable product attributes. We present a model where the level of search and experience attributes influences the likelihood of production of eco-friendly products. Our results suggest that the market success of eco-friendly food products requires a mix of environmental and other verifiable attributes that together signal credibility.
Determination of self-heating in bipolar and heterojunction bipolar transistors by measurement and simulation
Creators: name: Reid, Adam Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Self-heating in bipolar transistors, the effect which causes a rise in the device junction temperature due to the electrical power dissipation, is of interest for several reasons, including device reliability, model parameter extraction and electrothermal modeling. Self-heating is most commonly quantified by a thermal resistance, which relates the device steady-state temperature and power dissipation. In this work we present an improved setup for measuring thermal resistance, based on an isothermal characterization of the device by means of a pulsed-bias experiment. A 30 times increase in bias-pulse speed, compared to previous setups, allows for the first time, accurate measurements to be made on devices with submicron emitter dimensions. Simultaneous to increased performance, we have achieved a significant reduction in the complexity of the setup through the elimination of specialized sample preparation, enabling measurements with conventional microwave on-wafer probes. To facilitate comparison with experimental measurements, an analysis tool based on the finite element method has been developed to solve detailed 3-D thermal models of bipolar transistors, including emitter metalization and trench-isolation effects. Thermal resistance measurements have been made on a collection of 9 single emitter silicon bipolar and 6 trench-isolated SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors and compared to results from theoretical models. In addition, a collection of 15 GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors have been studied theoretically and compared to measurements from a previous study. Results for silicon bipolar devices show that significant reductions in thermal resistance are achieved by using high aspect ratio emitter geometries. Comparison of results for silicon bipolar devices with trench-isolated SiGe devices of a similar emitter geometry show a threefold increase in thermal resistance due to the presence of trench isolation. This increase in thermal resistance is found to be attributable in roughly equal parts to the two isolation components, namely the deep and shallow trenches. The thermal resistance is found to scale weakly with emitter area for the small devices studied here, an effect which is most apparent in the GaAs devices. The origin of this effect is found to be the 3-D nature of the heat flow in the smallest devices. Emitter metalization is found to play a role in reducing the thermal resistance for high thermal resistance devices. Additionally, the emitter metalization is found to significantly increase the uniformity of the temperature across the emitter.
Enforcing 'Self-Enforcing' International Environmental Agreements
Creators: name: McEvoy, David M.
name: Stranlund, John K.
name: McEvoy, David M.
name: Stranlund, John K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Theoretical analyses of international environmental agreements (IEAs) have typically employed the concept of self-enforcing agreements to predict the number of parties to such an agreement. The term self-enforcing, however, is a bit misleading. The concept refers to the stability of cooperative agreements, not to enforcing these agreements once they are in place. Most analyses of IEAs simply ignore the issue of enforcing compliance by parties to the terms of an agreement. In this paper we analyze an IEA game in which parties to an agreement finance an independent enforcement body with the power to monitor the parties' compliance to the terms of the IEA and impose penalties in cases of noncompliance. This approach is broadly consistent with the enforcement mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol under the Marrakesh Accords. We find that costly enforcement limits the circumstances under which international cooperation to protect the environment is worthwhile, but when IEAs do form they will involve greater participation than IEAs that do not require costly enforcement. Consequently, costly enforcement of IEAs is associated with higher international environmental quality. Moreover, under certain conditions, aggregate welfare is higher when IEAs require costly enforcement. These conclusions are accentuated when monitoring for compliance to IEAs is inaccurate.
Medical educator’s attitudes and experiences of teaching clinical skills online to undergraduate medical students: Learning from COVID 19 and future implications
Creators: name: Ziqiao  Qi
name: Wajeeha  Aziz
name: Butler, Ceri
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Background:



Traditional hands-on instruction of clinical skills in undergraduate medical education faced a paradigm shift with the emergence of COVID-19. Online teaching through virtual learning environments swiftly replaced traditional methods, necessitating an urgent reassessment of clinical skills education. Despite this, a knowledge gap persists regarding the effective delivery and integration of online clinical skills teaching within established medical curricula. This study investigated UK based medical educators and their experiences teaching clinical skills in an online environment enforced by social distancing. From these results we aimed to better understand how aspects of online teaching can be strategically employed within the current landscape of medical education to optimize practical skills acquisition.



Methods:



A cross-sectional study design employing a survey with closed and open-ended questions was utilized. Thesurvey was hosted through the online survey platform EU Qualtrics and approved by the Education Leads Advisory Group of the Medical Schools Council for further distribution to medical educators. The results were analysed by frequency of answers with accompanying thematic analysis.



Results:



This study gathered responses from 22 medical educators of various seniority across 11 UK universities. Educators had low levels of knowledge regarding pre-COVID-19 online teaching. During the pandemic, sessions were often conducted remotely, with F2F teaching resuming under strict measures. Educators believed that online teaching, particularly for non-practical skills, offered engagement and flexibility. While the majority preferred a blended approach, there was hesitation in completely replacing F2F teaching. Educators expressed a strong belief in F2F as the most effective means of skills teaching, emphasizing the importance of supervision and hands-on practice. Despite uncertainties, educators acknowledged the benefits of online learning, emphasizing the need for proper resources and training for successful integration into clinical skills teaching.





Conclusion:



While there is preference for online teaching in non-practical skills, educators continued to express reservations about fully replacing F2F clinical skills teaching due to technological challenges and limited digital fluency. The overall preference among educators leaned towards a blended approaching utilising both modalities, harnessing benefits of online teaching such as flexibility while retaining the advantages of traditional methods.
Temporal variability and statistics of the Strehl ratio in adaptive-optics images
Creators: name: Gladysz, Szymon
name: Christou, Julian C.
name: Bradford, L. William
name: Roberts, Lewis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the temporal variability and statistics of the "instantaneous" Strehl ratio. The observations were carried out with the 3.63-m AEOS telescope equipped with a high-order adaptive optics system. In this paper Strehl ratio is defined as the peak intensity of a single short exposure. We have also studied the behaviour of the phase variance computed on the reconstructed wavefronts. We tested the Marechal approximation and used it to explain the observed negative skewness of the Strehl ratio distribution. The estimate of the phase variance is shown to fit a three-parameter Gamma distribution model. We show that simple scaling of the reconstructed wavefronts has a large impact on the shape of the Strehl ratio distribution.
description: submitted to PASP
Unified approach to photo and electro-production of mesons with arbitrary spins
Creators: name: Ramachandran, G.
name: Vidya, M. S.
name: Balasubramanyam, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach to identify the independent amplitudes along with their partial wave multipole expansions, for photo and electro-production is suggested,which is generally applicable to mesons with arbitrary spin-parity. These amplitudes facilitate direct identification of different resonance contributions.
description: 11 pages
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MARKET PRICE SIGNALS AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF FED BEEF
Creators: name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Padberg, Daniel I.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Padberg, Daniel I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Beef
subject: BMP
subject: Cattle
subject: Pricing

description: The beef industry in the United States consists of several distinct production levels ranging from the cow-calf producer at the lowest level to the final consumer. These sectors face varying levels of profitability, degrees of market power, conflicting goals, and price signals. Environmental regulations involve questions of what costs are involved, who is in a position to pay these costs, and whether market prices are capable of signaling different environmental practices. Understanding the relationships within the beef industry may allow researchers to fine-tune analyses of environmental issues in the beef industry.
On construction of finite averaging sets for $SL(2, \mathbb{C})$ via its Cartan decomposition
Creators: name: Markiewicz, Marcin
name: Przewocki, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Averaging physical quantities over Lie groups appears in many contexts across the rapidly developing branches of physics like quantum information science or quantum optics. Such an averaging process can be always represented as averaging with respect to a finite number of elements of the group, called a finite averaging set. In the previous research such sets, known as $t$-designs, were constructed only for the case of averaging over unitary groups (hence the name unitary $t$-designs). In this work we investigate the problem of constructing finite averaging sets for averaging over general non-compact matrix Lie groups, which is much more subtle task due to the fact that the the uniform invariant measure on the group manifold (the Haar measure) is infinite. We provide a general construction of such sets based on the Cartan decomposition of the group, which splits the group into its compact and non-compact components. The averaging over the compact part can be done in a uniform way, whereas the averaging over the non-compact one has to be endowed with a suppresing weight function, and can be approached using generalised Gauss quadratures. This leads us to the general form of finite averaging sets for semisimple matrix Lie groups in the product form of finite averaging sets with respect to the compact and non-compact parts. We provide an explicit calculation of such sets for the group $SL(2, \mathbb{C})$, although our construction can be applied to other cases. Possible applications of our results cover finding finite ensambles of random operations in quantum information science and quantum optics, which can be used in constructions of randomised quantum algorithms, including optical interferometric implementations.
description: 23 pages. Extended version
Short GRB and binary black hole standard sirens as a probe of dark energy
Creators: name: Dalal, Neal
name: Holz, Daniel E.
name: Hughes, Scott A.
name: Jain, Bhuvnesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the gravitational radiation from well-localized, inspiraling compact object binaries can measure absolute source distances with high accuracy. When coupled with an independent determination of redshift through an electromagnetic counterpart, these standard sirens can provide an excellent probe of the expansion history of the Universe and the dark energy. Short gamma-ray bursts, if produced by merging neutron star binaries, would be standard sirens with known redshifts detectable by ground-based GW networks such as LIGO-II, Virgo, and AIGO. Depending upon the collimation of these GRBs, a single year of observation of their gravitational waves can measure the Hubble constant to about 2%. When combined with measurement of the absolute distance to the last scattering surface of the cosmic microwave background, this determines the dark energy equation of state parameter w to 9%. Similarly, supermassive binary black hole inspirals will be standard sirens detectable by LISA. Depending upon the precise redshift distribution, 100 sources could measure w at the 4% level.
description: 8 pages, submitted to PRD
EXPLAINING RURAL HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION IN RECYCLING
Creators: name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: Tiller, Kelly
name: Park, William M.
name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: Tiller, Kelly
name: Park, William M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Dropoff recycling
subject: Household recycling participation
subject: Rural regions

description: Rising landfill costs have forced solid waste managers to consider waste stream reduction alternatives such as household recycling. Explaining the factors which motivate households to recycle is important to regions where households must bear a large portion of the recycling cost because unit-based garbage disposal fees and curbside recycling are not feasible options. Empirical results indicate that residents are responsive to constraints introduced by the household production technology, such as time costs and storage space, but are not responsive to variables measuring a recycling promotional program. Promotion efforts should switch focus from broader "public good" benefits of recycling to reducing household-level household production constraints.
Majorana Neutrino Mixing
Creators: name: Bilenky, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most plausible see-saw explanation of the smallness of the neutrino masses is based on the assumption that total lepton number is violated at a large scale and neutrinos with definite masses are Majorana particles. In this review we consider in details difference between Dirac and Majorana neutrino mixing and possibilities of revealing Majorana nature of neutrinos with definite masses.
TelCorAl beta release: a user-friendly web app for telluric correction
Creators: name: de la Fuente, Diego
name: Marco, Amparo
name: Patrick, Lee R.
name: Rübke, Klaus
name: López, Iván
name: Negueruela, Ignacio
name: Ferrández, Elías
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astronomy
subject: Infrared astronomy
subject: Software applications

description: Infrared spectra that are observed at ground-based telescopes are heavily contaminated by absorption features from the Earth's atmosphere. The decontamination process, known as telluric correction, is usually complex and time-consuming, mainly because of the intricate and unstable behaviour of the atmospheric transmission spectrum. TelCorAl (Telluric Correction from Alicante) is a web application that deals with these complications. On the one hand, the Python 3 core extracts the atmospheric transmission spectrum from fitting the observation of a Vega-type standard star, and uses it to correct telluric absorptions from science spectra. On the other hand, the user-friendly web interface shows useful plots and allows users interact with the processes to fine-tune the results.

In the previous scientific meeting of the SEA, we gave a talk to present the TelCorAl method together with a preliminary version of the web interface. Since then, both the Python code and the web app have significantly evolved toward a more robust beta version that is released for final testing by a broader audience.

The TelCorAl beta release is announced for the first time in this poster, and made publicly available during the 2024 SEA meeting.
POLITICS AND MARKETS IN THE ARTICULATION OF PREFERENCES FOR ATTRIBUTES OF THE RAPIDLY CHANGING FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SECTORS: FRAMING THE ISSUES
Creators: name: Abdalla, Charles W.
name: Shaffer, James D.
name: Abdalla, Charles W.
name: Shaffer, James D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Animal agriculture
subject: Externalities
subject: Industrialization
subject: Institutions
subject: Jurisdictional boundaries
subject: Regulation
subject: State versus local policy
subject: Environment

description: Industrialization of the food and agricultural sectors changes the pattern of external effects. Participants helped or harmed in the process attempt to influence outcomes through markets and politics. Decisions about property rights and boundaries determine benefits and burdens and the relative cost of animal agriculture in different jurisdictions. Prescriptions to redefine property rights are influenced by selective perception of rights to share in the benefits and be protected from costs. Political choices about the appropriate jurisdiction (state versus local) for addressing environmental and nuisance effects of animal agriculture affect whose preferences count and will influence the development of these sectors.
Faster Deterministic Modular Subset Sum
Creators: name: Potępa, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the Modular Subset Sum problem: given a multiset $X$ of integers from $\mathbb{Z}_m$ and a target integer $t$, decide if there exists a subset of $X$ with a sum equal to $t \pmod{m}$. Recent independent works by Cardinal and Iacono (SOSA'21), and Axiotis et al. (SOSA'21) provided simple and near-linear algorithms for this problem. Cardinal and Iacono gave a randomized algorithm that runs in $O(m \log m)$ time, while Axiotis et al. gave a deterministic algorithm that runs in $O(m \text{ polylog } m)$ time. Both results work by reduction to a text problem, which is solved using a dynamic strings data structure. In this work, we develop a simple data structure, designed specifically to handle the text problem that arises in the algorithms for Modular Subset Sum. Our data structure, which we call the shift-tree, is a simple variant of a segment tree. We provide both a hashing-based and a deterministic variant of the shift-trees. We then apply our data structure to the Modular Subset Sum problem and obtain two algorithms. The first algorithm is Monte-Carlo randomized and matches the $O(m \log m)$ runtime of the Las-Vegas algorithm by Cardinal and Iacono. The second algorithm is fully deterministic and runs in $O(m \log m \cdot α(m))$ time, where $α$ is the inverse Ackermann function.
description: 16 pages, accepted at ESA 2021
Power-aligned 2HDM: a correlative perspective on $(g-2)_{e,μ}$
Creators: name: Li, Shao-Ping
name: Li, Xin-Qiang
name: Li, Yuan-Yuan
name: Yang, Ya-Dong
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the hypothesis of minimal flavor violation, we find that there exists a power-aligned relation between the Yukawa couplings of the two scalar doublets in the two-Higgs-doublet model with Hermitian Yukawa matrices. Within such a power-aligned framework, it is found that a simultaneous explanation of the anomalies observed in the electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments can be reached with TeV-scale quasi-degenerate Higgs masses, and the resulting parameter space is also phenomenologically safer under the B-physics, $Z$ and $τ$ decay data, as well as the current LHC bounds. Furthermore, the flavor-universal power that enhances the charged-lepton Yukawa couplings prompts an interesting correlation between the two anomalies, which makes the model distinguishable from the (generalized) linearly aligned and the lepton-specific two-Higgs-doublet models that address the same anomalies but in a non-correlative manner, and hence testable by future precise measurements.
description: v1: 23 pages, 2 figures; v2: more discussions and references added, final version published in the journal; v3: figure 2 updated by including the latest Fermilab Muon g-2 result, and the lower bound on the charged-Higgs mass changed from 1.4TeV to 1.7TeV, conclusion unchanged
Spermophilopsis Blasius 1884
Creators: name: Kryštufek, Boris
name: Mahmoudi, Ahmad
name: Tesakov, Alexey S.
name: Matějů, Jan
name: Hutterer, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Sciuridae
Spermophilopsis

description: Genus Spermophilopsis Blasius: Long-clawed ground squirrels
 Spermophilopsis Blasius, 1884, p. 325. Type species: Arctomys leptodactylus Lichtenstein, 1823.
Content. – A monotypic genus.
description: Published as part of Kryštufek, Boris, Mahmoudi, Ahmad, Tesakov, Alexey S., Matějů, Jan & Hutterer, Rainer, 2016, A review of bristly ground squirrels Xerini and a generic revision in the African genus Xerus, pp. 521-540 in Mammalia (Warsaw, Poland) (Warsaw, Poland) 80 (5) on page 535, DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2015-0073, http://zenodo.org/record/10476681
A QUALITATIVE CHOICE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING POST-CRP LAND USE DECISIONS
Creators: name: Johnson, Phillip N.
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Ervin, R. Terry
name: Johnson, Phillip N.
name: Misra, Sukant K.
name: Ervin, R. Terry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: Conservation Reserve Program
subject: Ordered probit model

description: The future use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands is an important agricultural policy issue. To examine the effects of factors that influence landowners' post-contract use of CRP lands, a survey of Texas High Plains CRP contract holders was conducted in 1992. This study analyzes the results of the survey using a qualitative choice model. It was found that the presence of a livestock enterprise in the current contract holder's operation increases the probability of these acres remaining in the established cover. Contract holders who value the commodity base have an increased probability of returning their acres to crop production.
The superconducting dome for holographic doped Mott insulator with hyperscaling violation
Creators: name: Cai, Wenhe
name: Sin, Sang-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the holographic model featuring a superconducting dome on the temperature-doping phase diagram with a modified view on the role of the two charges. The first type charge with density $ρ_{A}$ make the Mott insulator, and the second one with $ρ_{B}$ is the extra charge by doping, so that the complex scalar describing the cooper pair condensation couples only with the second charge. We point out that the key role in creating the dome is played by the three point interaction $-c χ^{2} F_{μν}G^{μν}$. The $Tc$ increases with their coupling. We also consider the effect of the quantum critical point hidden under the dome using the geometry of hyperscaling violation. Our results show that the dome size and optimal temperature increase with $z$ whatever is $θ$, while we get bigger $θ$ for larger (smaller) dome depending on $z>2$ ($z<2$). We also point out that the condensate increases for bigger value of $θ$ but for smaller value of $z$.
description: 14 pages, 25 figures
ROSSIYA IMPERIYASINING TURKISTON O'LKASIDA OLIB BORGAN MUSTAMLAKACHILIK SIYOSATI VA UNGA QARSHI MILLIY OZODLIK KURASHINING YUZAGA KELISHI
Creators: name: Shaymurzayev, Jafar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada XX asr boshlarida Rossiya imperiyasining Turkiston o’lkasiga nisbatan jabr-zulm va adolatsizliklarning tobora ortib borishi natijasida o’lkada yuzaga kelgan milliy ozodlik qo’zg’olonlari va ularning natijalari yoritib beriladi.
Stochastic Quantum Gravitational Inflation
Creators: name: Tsamis, N. C.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During inflation explicit perturbative computations of quantum field theories which contain massless, non-conformal fields exhibit secular effects that grow as powers of the logarithm of the inflationary scale factor. Starobinskii's technique of stochastic inflation not only reproduces the leading infrared logarithms at each order in perturbation theory, it can sometimes be summed to reveal what happens when inflation has proceeded so long that the large logarithms overwhelm even very small coupling constants. It is thus a cosmological analogue of what the renormalization group does for the ultraviolet logarithms of quantum field theory, and generalizing this technique to quantum gravity is a problem of great importance. There are two significant differences between gravity and the scalar models for which stochastic formulations have so far been given: derivative interactions and the presence of constrained fields. We use explicit perturbative computations in two simple scalar models to infer a set of rules for stochastically formulating theories with these features.
description: 43 pages, LaTeX 2epsilon, 2 figures (uses epsfig), substantial changes to sections 5 and 8
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, RISK, AND SPECIALIZATION
Creators: name: Purdy, Barry M.
name: Langemeier, Michael R.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Purdy, Barry M.
name: Langemeier, Michael R.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial efficiency
subject: Return on equity
subject: Specialization

description: A sample of Kansas farms was used to examine the impact of risk and specialization on mean financial performance. Mean financial performance was hypothesized to be influenced by risk, age of the operator, percentage of acres owned, financial efficiency, leverage, specialization, and farm size. Risk, age of operator, financial efficiency, and farm size had the largest impacts on mean financial performance. Specializing in swine, dairy, or crop production increased mean financial performance, while specializing in beef production decreased mean financial performance. Farms with both crops and a livestock enterprise (beef, swine, or dairy) tended to have less variability in financial performance.
Neutrino Wave Packet Propagation in Gravitational Fields
Creators: name: Singh, Dinesh
name: Mobed, Nader
name: Papini, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the propagation of neutrino wave packets in a Lense-Thirring space-time using a gravitational phase approach. We show that the neutrino oscillation length is altered by gravitational corrections and that neutrinos are subject to helicity flip induced by stellar rotation. For the case of a rapidly rotating neutron star, we show that absolute neutrino masses can be derived, in principle, from rotational contributions to the mass-induced energy shift, without recourse to mass generation models presently discussed in the literature.
description: Updated with more details; 9 pages, 8 figures
Unsupervised 3D Brain Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Simarro, Jaime
name: de la Rosa, Ezequiel
name: Vyvere, Thijs Vande
name: Robben, David
name: Sima, Diana M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection (AD) is the identification of data samples that do not fit a learned data distribution. As such, AD systems can help physicians to determine the presence, severity, and extension of a pathology. Deep generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), can be exploited to capture anatomical variability. Consequently, any outlier (i.e., sample falling outside of the learned distribution) can be detected as an abnormality in an unsupervised fashion. By using this method, we can not only detect expected or known lesions, but we can even unveil previously unrecognized biomarkers. To the best of our knowledge, this study exemplifies the first AD approach that can efficiently handle volumetric data and detect 3D brain anomalies in one single model. Our proposal is a volumetric and high-detail extension of the 2D f-AnoGAN model obtained by combining a state-of-the-art 3D GAN with refinement training steps. In experiments using non-contrast computed tomography images from traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, the model detects and localizes TBI abnormalities with an area under the ROC curve of ~75%. Moreover, we test the potential of the method for detecting other anomalies such as low quality images, preprocessing inaccuracies, artifacts, and even the presence of post-operative signs (such as a craniectomy or a brain shunt). The method has potential for rapidly labeling abnormalities in massive imaging datasets, as well as identifying new biomarkers.
description: Accepted at BrainLes Workshop in MICCAI 2020
Parton Interpretation and Twist-4 Parton Distributions
Creators: name: Ma, J. P.
name: Pang, Z. Y.
name: Zhang, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through explicit examples we show that twist-4 parton distributions have no parton interpretation in the sense that parton or partons inside a hadron can carry the momentum fraction $x$ of the hadron with $x >1$ or $x1$. The corresponding transverse momentum dependent parton distributions have also no parton interpretation. They are finite. The implications of our results are discussed.
description: Published version
From d- to p-wave pairing in the t-t' Hubbard model at zero temperature
Creators: name: Arita, R.
name: Held, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a DCA(PQMC) algorithm which employs the projective quantum Monte Carlo (PQMC) method for solving the equations of the dynamical cluster approximation (DCA) at zero temperature, and apply it for studying pair susceptibilities of the two-dimensional Hubbard-model with next-nearest neighbor hopping. In particular, we identify which pairing symmetry is dominant in the U-n parameter space (U: repulsive Coulomb interaction; n: electron density). We find that p_{x+y}- (d_{x^2-y^2}-) wave is dominant among triplet (singlet) pairings -at least for 0.3
description: 5 pages 5 figures; two additional panels in Fig. 2; as to appear in Phys. Rev. B