cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-Stream Inflation: Bifurcations and Recombinations in the Multiverse
Creators: name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we briefly review the multi-stream inflation scenario, and discuss its implications in the string theory landscape and the inflationary multiverse. In multi-stream inflation, the inflation trajectory encounters bifurcations. If these bifurcations are in the observable stage of inflation, then interesting observational effects can take place, such as domain fences, non-Gaussianities, features and asymmetries in the CMB. On the other hand, if the bifurcation takes place in the eternal stage of inflation, it provides an alternative creation mechanism of bubbles universes in eternal inflation, as well as a mechanism to locally terminate eternal inflation, which reduces the measure of eternal inflation.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, invited essay for the Journal of Cosmology; v2: note added
Feeding young children : the parents' dilemma
Creators: name: McCartney, DJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: There have been concerns expressed by health authorities, the media, parents and politicians that one in four Australian children are now overweight or obese and this could cause both short and long-term health problems. The causes of childhood obesity have been identified as poor diet and insufficient exercise. Australia has an affordable and healthy food supply and parents can readily access nutritional information, so why do parents allow their children to eat a diet that is unhealthy? Food, eating and family relationships are complex areas encompassing many social and cultural issues. This thesis looks at feeding young children from the parents' perspective and examines why contemporary parents face dilemmas about feeding their children. It uses data from nine focus groups in a variety of rural and urban locations in Tasmania. This study shows that parents find feeding young children confusing, frustrating and challenging. They cannot trust experts who provide impractical, often conflicting advice, but also they cannot rely on tradition, as so much has changed. Children are targeted as consumers which creates demands for \junk\" foods but parents are responsible for their children's health and need to feed them the \"right\" foods while respecting their choices. Because parents have limited time they need to use convenience foods but they have concerns about their nutritional value. There are complex processes of negotiation compromise and coercion exerted on a daily basis by both parents and young children to ensure incorporation of their food preferences in the family's diet. These parental dilemmas about feeding young children are socially constructed and as such will not be resolved simply by providing more expert knowledge that parents find confusing and impractical. Trying to understand the considerable societal pressures and conflicting discourses that parents are subjected to around feeding young children not only has the potential to influence the way that health professionals and policy makers deal with families but also provides insights into how everyday activities are affected by social forces."
Buildup of the Magnetic Flux Ropes in Homologous Solar Eruptions
Creators: name: Wang, Rui
name: Liu, Ying D.
name: Yang, Shangbin
name: Hu, Huidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Homologous coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are an interesting phenomenon, and it is possible to investigate the formation of CMEs by comparing multi-CMEs under a homologous physical condition. AR 11283 had been present on the solar surface for several days when a bipole emerged on 2011 September 4. Its positive polarity collided with the pre-existing negative polarity belonging to a different bipole, producing recurrent solar activities along the polarity inversion line (PIL) between the colliding polarities, namely the so-called collisional PIL (cPIL). Our results show that a large amount of energy and helicity were built up in the form of magnetic flux ropes (MFRs), with recurrent release and accumulation processes. These MFRs were built up along the cPIL. A flux deficit method is adopted and shows that magnetic cancellation happens along the cPIL due to the collisional shearing scenario proposed by Chintzoglou et al. The total amount of canceled flux was $\sim$0.7$\times$10$^{21}$ Mx with an uncertainty of $\sim$13.2$\%$ within the confidence region of the 30$^\circ$ sun-center distance. The canceled flux amounts to 24$\%$ of the total unsigned flux of the bipolar magnetic region. The results show that the magnetic fields beside the cPIL are very sheared, and the average shear angle is above 70$^\circ$ after the collision. The fast expansion of the twist kernels of the MFRs and the continuous eruptive activities are both driven by the collisional shearing process. These results are important for better understanding the buildup process of the MFRs associated with homologous solar eruptions.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 31 pages, 12 figures
The structure of βN
Creators: name: Rambally, Rodney Seunarine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Our subject matter consists of a survey of the major results concerning the topological space βN-N where N represents the space of natural numbers with the discrete topology, and βN the Stone-Čech compactification of N . We are mainly concerned with the results which were derived during the last ten years. When there is no advantage in restricting our work to the space N we work with an arbitrary discrete space X and finally formulate our results in terms of βN-N . In some cases, pre-1960 results concerning βN-N are obtained as special cases of the results we derive using an arbitrary discrete space X . The material presented is divided into four chapters. In Chapter I, we discuss certain subsets of βN-N which can be C*-embedded in other subsets of βN-N . This study leads to the conclusion that no proper dense subset of βN-N can be C*-embedded. In the second chapter we devise a general method of associating certain classes of points of βN-N with certain subalgebras of C(N) . The P-points of βN-N form one of these classes. The answer to R. S. Pierce's question, "Does there exist a point of βN-N which lies simultaneously in the closures of three pairwise disjoint open sets" is discussed in Chapter III. Finally in Chapter IV we present two proofs of the non-homogeneity of βN-N , without the use of the Continuum Hypothesis.
Predicting pediatric severe asthma exacerbations: an administrative claims-based predictive model
Creators: name: Rezaeiahari, Mandana
name: Brown, Clare C.
name: Eyimina, Arina
name: Perry, Tamara T.
name: Goudie, Anthony
name: Boyd, Melanie
name: Tilford, J. Mick
name: Jefferson, Akilah A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Previous machine learning approaches fail to consider race and ethnicity and social determinants of health (SDOH) to predict childhood asthma exacerbations. A predictive model for asthma exacerbations in children is developed to explore the importance of race and ethnicity, rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes, the Child Opportunity Index (COI), and other ICD-10 SDOH in predicting asthma outcomes. Insurance and coverage claims data from the Arkansas All-Payer Claims Database were used to capture risk factors. We identified a cohort of 22,631 children with asthma aged 5–18 years with 2 years of continuous Medicaid enrollment and at least one asthma diagnosis in 2018. The goal was to predict asthma-related hospitalizations and asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits in 2019. The analytic sample was 59% age 5–11 years, 39% White, 33% Black, and 6% Hispanic. Conditional random forest models were used to train the model. The model yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 72%, sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 78% in the OOB samples and AUC of 73%, sensitivity of 58% and specificity of 77% in the training samples. Consistent with previous literature, asthma-related hospitalization or ED visits in the previous year (2018) were the two most important variables in predicting hospital or ED use in the following year (2019), followed by the total number of reliever and controller medications. Predictive models for asthma-related exacerbation achieved moderate accuracy, but race and ethnicity, ICD-10 SDOH, RUCA codes, and COI measures were not important in improving model accuracy.
Landau-type sudden transitions of quantum correlations
Creators: name: Yurischev, Mikhail A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sudden changes of quantum correlations in the Bell-diagonal states are well-known effects. They occur when the set of optimal parameters that determine the quantum correlation consists of isolated points and optimal parameters during the evolution of the system jump from one such point to another (e.g., the optimal measurement angle of the quantum discord changes discontinuously from zero to $π/2$ or vice versa). However, when considering more general X quantum states, we found that quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit can experience sudden changes of other kinds. Namely, the optimal measurement angle may suddenly start to shift {\em continuously} from its stationary value 0 or $π/2$ to an intermediate optimal measurement angle $\vartheta\in(0,π/2)$. This leads to a new behavior of quantum correlations, which is mathematically described by the Landau phenomenological theory of second-order phase transitions. In addition, for the one-way quantum work deficit, we found cases where the optimal measurement angle jumps from zero to a nonzero step less than $π/2$, and then continuously changes its value. This behavior of quantum correlation is similar to a first-order phase transition in Landau's theory. Dependencies of quantum discord and one-way quantum work deficit near the boundaries, which separate regions with state-dependent (variable) and state-independent (stationary, constant) optimal measurement angles, are examined in detail on an example of the XXZ spin model in an external field at thermal equilibrium.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures (18 eps files)
title: Some Effects of Mechanical Deboning on the Composition and the Bioavailability of Protein and Iron in Turkey Frame Meat
Creators: name: Allred, Lowell C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: Meat was obtained from a single daily lot of turkey frames by mechanically deboning with a Beehive AU 4171 deboner and by hand deboning. The meat was analyzed for protein, fat, moisture, ash, iron, calcium, and 19 amino acids. Mechanically deboned turkey had 68 percent more ash, 74 percent more iron, and nine times more calcium than the hand deboned turkey meat. Other constituents were about equal in the two products. Protein bioavailability tests, including protein efficiency ratio, biological value, net protein utilization, and nitrogen efficiency for growth, did not reveal significant differences between mechanically deboned and hand deboned turkey. Iron bioavailability tests measuring hemoglobin regeneration in rats did not reveal significant differences either. Higher levels of iron in mechanically deboned turkey makes it a better dietary source of iron than hand deboned turkey meat.
Multiple flaring activity in the supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J08408-4503 observed with Swift
Creators: name: Romano, P.
name: Sidoli, L.
name: Cusumano, G.
name: Evans, P. A.
name: Ducci, L.
name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Vercellone, S.
name: Page, K. L.
name: Beardmore, A. P.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Kennea, J. A.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: La Parola, V.
name: Mangano, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IGR J08408-4503 is a supergiant fast X-ray transient discovered in 2006 with a confirmed association with a O8.5Ib(f) supergiant star, HD 74194. We report on the analysis of two outbursts caught by Swift/BAT on 2006 October 4 and 2008 July 5, and followed up at softer energies with Swift/XRT. The 2008 XRT light curve shows a multiple-peaked structure with an initial bright flare that reached a flux of ~1E-9 erg/cm2/s (2-10 keV), followed by two equally bright flares within 75 ks. The spectral characteristics of the flares differ dramatically, with most of the difference, as derived via time-resolved spectroscopy, being due to absorbing column variations. We observe a gradual decrease of the NH, derived with a fit using absorbed power law model, as time passes. We interpret these NH variations as due to an ionization effect produced by the first flare, resulting in a significant decrease in the measured column density towards the source. The durations of the flares, as well as the times of the outbursts suggest that the orbital period is ~35 days, if the flaring activity is interpreted within the framework of the Sidoli et al 2007 model with the outbursts triggered by the neutron star passage inside an equatorial wind inclined with respect to the orbital plane.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 8 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
ConvADD: Exploring a Novel CNN Architecture for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection
Creators: name: Shaukat, Kamran
name: G. Alsubaiea, Mohammed
name: Luo, Suhuai
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460102
subject: Applications in health

description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a significant healthcare challenge, with an escalating prevalence and a forecasted surge in affected individuals. The urgency for precise diagnostic tools to enable early interventions and improved patient care is evident. Despite advancements, existing detection frameworks exhibit limitations in accurately identifying AD, especially in its early stages. Model optimisation and accuracy are other issues. This paper aims to address this critical research gap by introducing ConvADD, an advanced Convolutional Neural Network architecture tailored for AD detection. By meticulously designing ConvADD, this study endeavours to surpass the limitations of current methodologies and enhance accuracy metrics, optimisation, and reliability of AD diagnosis. The dataset was collected from Kaggle and consists of preprocessed 2D images extracted from 3D images. Through rigorous experimentation, ConvADD demonstrates remarkable performance metrics, showcasing its potential as a robust and effective. The proposed model shows remarkable results with a tool for AD detection accuracy of 98.01%, precision of 98%, recall of 98%, and an F1-Score of 98%, with only 2.1 million parameters. However, despite its promising results, several challenges and limitations remain, such as generalizability across diverse populations and the need for further validation studies. By elucidating these gaps and challenges, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving AD detection methodologies and lays the groundwork for future research endeavours in this domain.
title: The Ideal Educator: Investigating Teaching Culture and Teaching Styles through Teacher Self-Efficacy and Social Acceptance
Creators: name: Glenn, Jared R
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Teaching styles used by educators throughout the world are diverse and complex, resisting simple comparisons between large groups, such as countries. To allow easier comparisons, data from the Teaching and Learning International Study (TALIS 2013) were applied to construct a picture of an “ideal educator” in each of eight countries: Australia, The Czech Republic, France, Japan, Latvia, Mexico, Singapore, and The United States. Principles of social acceptance and teacher self-efficacy were applied to teachers in each country in order to construct this ideal educator paradigm: first testing for (and finding) correlation between social acceptance and teacher self-efficacy, and then finding educators who were above average in both social acceptance scores and teacher self-efficacy scores in order to separate out a group of elite teachers from the general sample. Both linear regression and comparisons of median scores were employed to examine differences between countries. Scores revealed that each country displayed a distinct mix of Grasha’s Teaching Styles allowing for a simple comparison of teaching styles between countries.
Some fixed point theorems for nonexpansive mappings in Hausdorff locally convex spaces
Creators: name: Tan, Kok Keong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Let X be a Hausdorff locally convex space, U be a base for closed absolutely convex O-neighborhoods in X , K C X be nonempty. For each U є U , we denote by P[subscript u] the gauge of U. Then T : K ↦ K is said to be nonexpansive w.r.t. U if and only if for each U є U, P[subscript u](T(x) - T(y)) ≤ P[subscript u](x - y) for all x, y є K; T: K ↦ K is said to be strictly contractive w.r.t. U if and. only if for each U є U, there is a constant λ[subscript u] with 0 ≤ λ[subscript u] < 1 such that P[subscript u](T(x) - T(y)) ≤λ[subscript u]P[subscript u](x - y) for all x, y є K . The concept of nonexpansive (respectively strictly contractive) mappings is originally defined on a metric space. The above definitions are generalizations if the topology on X is induced by a translation invariant metric, and in particular if X is a normed space. An analogue of the Banach contraction mapping principle is proved and some examples together with an implicit function theorem are shown as applications. Moreover several fixed point theorems for various kinds of nonexpansive mappings are obtained. The convergence of nets of nonexpansive mappings and that of fixed points are also studied. Finally on sets with 'complete normal structure', a common fixed point theorem is obtained for an arbitrary family of 'commuting' nonexpansive mappings while on sets with 'normal structure', a common fixed point, theorem for an arbitrary family of (not necessarily commuting) 'weakly periodic' nonexpansive mappings is obtained.
Using Computational Models to Uncover the Parameters of Three Kepler Binaries: KIC 5957123, KIC 8314879, and KIC 10727668
Creators: name: Odesse, Padraic
name: Lovekin, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories of stellar convective core overshoot can be examined through analysis of pulsating stars. Better accuracy can be achieved by obtaining external constraints such as those provided by observing pulsating stars in eclipsing binary systems, but this requires that the binary parameters be identified so photometric variations of the pulsating component may be isolated from the binary periodicity. This study aims to uncover the physical parameters of three binaries observed by the Kepler spacecraft. We also seek to evaluate the feasibility of accurately constraining binaries using only readily available time-series photometry and distance estimates. Binary models were constructed using the Physics of Eclipsing Binaries (PHOEBE) software package. Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods were used to sample the parameter space of these models and provide estimates of the posterior distributions for these systems. An initial run using binned light curve data was performed to identify general parameter trends and provide initializing distributions for a subsequent analysis incorporating the full data set. We present theoretical models for all three binaries, along with posterior distributions from our MCMC analyses. Models for KIC 8314879 and KIC 10727668 produced a good match to the observed data, while the model of KIC 5957123 failed to generate an appropriate synthetic light curve. For the two successful models, we interpret the posterior distributions and discuss confidence in our parameter estimates and uncertainties. We also evaluate the feasibility of this procedure in various contexts, and propose several modifications to improve the success of future studies.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Black hole thermodynamics with generalized uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Xiang, Li
name: Wen, X. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard viewpoint, the temperature of a stationary black hole is proportional to its surface gravity, $T_H=\hbarκ/2π$. This is a semiclassical result and the quantum gravity effects are not taken into consideration. This Letter explores a unified expression for the black hole temperature in the sense of a generalized uncertainty principle(GUP). Our discussion involves a heuristic analysis of a particle which is absorbed by the black hole. Besides a class of static and spherically symmetric black holes, an axially symmetric Kerr-Newman black hole is considered. Different from the existing literature, we suggest that the black hole's irreducible mass represent the characteristic size in the absorption process. The information capacity of a remnant is also discussed by Bousso's D-bound in de Sitter spacetime.
description: 18 pages, great improvement on the first version; a Kerr-Newman black hole is considered
FROM CENTRALIZED TO DE-CENTRALIZED: THE ONGOING STORY OF OPERA'S ADAPTATION TO THE CHANGING AMERICAN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
Creators: name: Hayhurst, P. Zackery
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This paper asks the question, what is opera's place in 21st century American society? Through an examination of opera's cultural history in America since the Colonial Era, the author examines numerous key points in the history of opera in America and examines how the society and culture of the time influenced and shaped the opera experience. The later part of the paper examines modern audiences, technology, globalized and democratized culture, and how elements of such phenomenon influence audiences' perceptions and opera companies' programming and marketing strategies. Finally, the author discusses the choice of "opera for all" versus "opera as niche", and examines the ways in which opera companies can reconcile the two positions.
Effects of polarization modulation induced by electro-optic modulators in fiber-based setups
Creators: name: Du-Burck, Frédéric
name: Manamanni, Karim
name: Steshchenko, Tatiana
name: Chaouche, Amine
name: Roncin, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Jones formalism, it is shown that electro-optic modulators used for phase modulation generate a modulation of the output polarization induced by the difference of phase modulation depth along the crystallographic axes of the modulator. We study two consequences of this polarization modulation in the fiber setups, limiting the performance of high sensitivity measurement devices. The first one is its partial conversion into a residual amplitude modulation (RAM) within any component presenting polarization dependent losses (PDL). The second one is a new effect that consists of the distortion of the signal detected at the output of a fiber cavity. The theoretical expressions of the detected signals are computed in each case.
FROM CENTRALIZED TO DE-CENTRALIZED: THE ONGOING STORY OF OPERA'S ADAPTATION TO THE CHANGING AMERICAN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
Creators: name: Hayhurst, P. Zackery
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3604
subject: Performing arts

description: This paper asks the question, what is opera's place in 21st century American society? Through an examination of opera's cultural history in America since the Colonial Era, the author examines numerous key points in the history of opera in America and examines how the society and culture of the time influenced and shaped the opera experience. The later part of the paper examines modern audiences, technology, globalized and democratized culture, and how elements of such phenomenon influence audiences' perceptions and opera companies' programming and marketing strategies. Finally, the author discusses the choice of "opera for all" versus "opera as niche" and examines the ways in which opera companies can reconcile the two positions.
Jamming proteins with slipknots and their free energy landscape
Creators: name: Sułkowska, Joanna I.
name: Sułkowski, Piotr
name: Onuchic, José N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical studies of stretching proteins with slipknots reveal a surprising growth of their unfolding times when the stretching force crosses an intermediate threshold. This behavior arises as a consequence of the existence of alternative unfolding routes that are dominant at different force ranges. Responsible for longer unfolding times at higher forces is the existence of an intermediate, metastable configuration where the slipknot is jammed. Simulations are performed with a coarsed grained model with further quantification using a refined description of the geometry of the slipknots. The simulation data is used to determine the free energy landscape (FEL) of the protein, which supports recent analytical predictions.
description: 5 pages
title: The Effects of Familism and Sibling Relationships on Mexican-Origin Adolescents' Intentions for Alcohol, Tobacco, and other Drug Use
Creators: name: Mechammil, Molly
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Mexican-origin youth represent a large and growing ethnic minority subgroup, and have disparate risk for early initiation of substance use. Therefore, it is crucial to understand factors that can prevent them from the initiation of substance use at an early age. Previous research has identified positive sibling relationships, lower rates of older sibling deviant behavior, and high levels of family values as important protective factors relevant for early substance use risk for European American youth. However, few studies have examined these influences among Mexican origin adolescents, and generalizability cannot be assumed given the notable differences between Mexican origin and EuropeanAmerican siblings. For example, Mexican origin siblings spend more time together than European-American siblings, and are shaped by many cultural factors, such as traditional family values (familism). The goal of this study was to understand the potential explanatory and interactive effects of familism and sibling relationships on Mexican origin youths’ intentions for using substances. I hypothesized that sibling relationship quality would serve as both a partial mediator and moderator between familism and ATOD use intentions, and that higher levels of older sibling deviance would partially mediate and/or moderate the association between familism and younger sibling ATOD use intentions.
I used secondary data to analyze 409 pre-adolescent Mexican origin youth recruited from a metropolitan area in Northern California. None of our hypothesized models were confirmed. Specifically, negative sibling relationship quality did not serve as a moderator (b = -.27, SE = .87, OR = .77, p = .77), nor a mediator (b = -.01, SE = .04, 95% CI = -0.12, .05). between familism and ATOD use intentions. Further, older sibling deviant behavior did not serve as a moderator (b = .38, SEb = .94, OR = 1.47, p = .68), nor a mediator (b = -.00, SE = .04, 95% CI = -0.10, .05) between familism and ATOD use intentions. Despite the null findings, this study has important clinical implications, including the recommendation to promote sibling relationships in prevention programs for Latino youth. There were several limitations of the study which are discussed along with suggestions for future research directions.
title: Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Natural Convection in Vertically Heated Rods
Creators: name: Surendran, Mahesh
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Natural convection is a phenomenon that occurs in a wide range of applications such as cooling towers, air conditioners, and power plants. Natural convection may be used in decay heat removal systems such as spent fuel casks, where the higher reliability inherent of natural convection is more desirable than forced convection. Passive systems, such as natural convection, may provide better safety, and hence have received much attention recently. Cooling of spent fuel rods is conventionally done using water as the coolant. However, it involves contaminating the water with radiation from the fuel rods. Contamination becomes dangerous and difficult for humans to handle. Further, the recent nuclear tragedy in Fukushima, Japan has taught us the dangers of contamination of water with nuclear radiation. Natural convection can perhaps significantly reduce the risk since it is self-sufficient and does not rely on other secondary system such as a blower as in cases of forced convection.
The Utah State University Experimental Fluid Dynamics lab has recently designed an experiment that models natural convection using heated rod bundles enclosed in a rectangular cavity. The data available from this experiment provides and opportunity to study and validate computational fluid dynamics(CFD)models. The validated CFD models can be used to study multiple configurations, boundary conditions, and changes in physics(natural and/or forced convection). The results are to be validated using experimental data such as the velocity field from particle image velocimetry (PIV), pressure drops across various sections of the geometry, and temperature distributions along the vertically heated rods. This research work involves modeling natural convection using two-layer turbulence models such as k - ε and RST (Reynolds stress transport) using both shear driven (Wolfstein) and buoyancy driven (Xu) near-wall formulations. The interpolation scheme employed is second-order upwinding using the general purpose code STAR-CCM+. The pressure velocity coupling is done using the SIMPLE method. It is ascertained that turbulence models with two-layer formulations are well suited for modeling natural convection. Further it is established that k - ε and Reynolds stress turbulence models with the buoyancy driven (Xu)formulation are able to accurately predict the flow rate and temperature distribution.
Mandala of the mind : an exploration of the Buddhist philosophy on the interdependent nature of existence
Creators: name: King, GF
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In this research I explore the interdependent nature of existence by means of both personal and objective criteria. My intention is to discover experientially the interrelated essence that pervades all phenomena. Throughout human history a diverse range of people, including scientists, philosophers, writers, artists and mystics have employed a variety of methods to consider consciousness in relationship to what is termed 'reality'. Evaluating such contributions is essential to the broader inquiry. Core research areas including phenomenology, contemporary physics, Jungian psychology and environmental ethics are considered in relation to Buddhist beliefs and practices. Included in this study is an analysis of the Buddhist teachings on the 'Two Truths', 'Interbeing' and 'Emptiness'. Through these examinations a foundation to the research is established from which the proposition for an underlying elemental existence is evaluated and presented. Artists such as Antony Gormley and the late Montien Boonma, who have investigated their own interrelated associations with the world are reviewed in the light of their personal considerations and visual explorations. Their disclosures together with the input of other artists pertinent to the examination help to conceptualise the artwork I have created within this inquiry. While the diverse perspectives put forward by the individuals introduced throughout this exegesis are appropriate and significant, the predominant component of the research relies in general on my own distinctive revelations and contemplations. These are drawn from personal experiences and observations, which accentuate and substantiate the investigation. It is through various practices, including meditation and the visual research ( culminating in a three-dimensional mandala installation titled, Mandala of the Mind) that I explore, express, and attempt to understand the fundamental connection that I share with all humans and the natural world.
title: Interplay of spin-orbit coupling and crystal symmetries in the electronic structures of NbGeSb and Ca₃Ru₂O₇
Creators: name: Markovic, Igor
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2020

description: This thesis presents the study of electronic structure of two materials with strong spin-orbit coupling using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments and density-functional theory (DFT) band calculations. The two materials are NbGeSb and Ca₃Ru₂O₇, which host weak and strong electronic interactions, respectively. While at first glance they seem rather disparate, I will show in both cases how novel phenomena emerge from the interplay of spin-orbit coupling and the crystal symmetries. In NbGeSb, I combine insights from spin-integrated and spin-resolved ARPES measurements with DFT slab calculations to reveal how band inversion of two pairs of spin-orbit coupled surface states along the edge of the Brillouin zone results in a peculiar crossing structure with two protected and two asymmetrically gapped crossing points. I show how this is caused by the presence of a mirror symmetry line assigning definite mirror parity to orbital and spin angular momentum of the bands. This leads to a low-energy description of the crossing points equivalent to a two-dimensional Weyl equation, establishing them as 2D analogues of Weyl points. In Ca₃Ru₂O₇, on the other hand, spin-orbit coupling provides a link between the electronic structure, the underlying antiferromagnetic order and the inherent antipolar distortion in the crystal structure. Our results reveal that a known structural and spin reorientation transition is caused by a spin-orbit derived gapping of a large Fermi surface. The hybridisation term couples the magnetic moment direction with the antipolar distortion of the crystal structure, and is only unlocked when the resulting electronic energy gain becomes enough to overcome the cost of spin reorientations. These findings together highlight the abundance of possibilities for novel phenomena arising from the interplay of spin-orbit coupling and crystal symmetries in quantum materials.
title: Quantitation of Aliphatic Aldehydes in Rancid Turkey Meat Using a Substituted Hydrazone
Creators: name: Andrews, Stanley J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: Many objective chemical tests have attempted to correlate with organoleptic evaluation of oxidative rancidity. Major chemical tests used to detect oxidative rancidity of lipids measure nonvolatile high molecular weight carbonylic substances which make no considerable contribution to rancid flavors. High molecular weight carbonyls are present at much greater concentrations than volatile low molecular weight carbonyls. Peroxides and other unknown substances also react in these chemical tests to give at best an empirical evaluation. A 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone chemical test is proposed which corrected some deficiencies of earlier procedures, and was correlated with organoleptic evaluation of rancid turkey samples. The proposed test measures oxidative rancidity in terms of milligrams of acetaldehyde per kilogram of sample.
A comparison of the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone method with a widely used chemical test was conducted. The thiobarbituric acid test was selected because it is used most often as an indicator of rancidity. The thiobarbituric acid test values increased followed by a definite leveling off as formation of malonaldehyde reached a maximum even though rancid flavor continued to increase. The 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone test measured a continuing increase of volatile aliphatic aldehydes as rancid flavor increased .
Electrical transport properties of thick and thin Ta-doped SnO$_2$ films
Creators: name: Gao, Zong-Hui
name: Wang, Zi-Xiao
name: Hou, Dong-Yu
name: Liu, Xin-Dian
name: Li, Zhi-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ta-doped SnO$_2$ films with high conductivity and high optical transparency have been successfully fabricated using rf-sputtering method and their electrical transport properties have been investigated. All films reveal degenerate semiconductor (metal) characteristics in electrical transport properties. For the thick films ($t\sim 1\,μ\rm{m}$ with $t$ being the thickness) deposited in pure argon, the electron-phonon scattering alone cannot explain the temperature dependent behaviors of resistivity, the interference effect between electron-phonon and electron-impurity scattering should be considered. For the $t\lesssim 36$ nm films, both conductivity and the Hall coefficient show linear relation with the logarithm of temperature ($\ln T$) from $\sim$100 K down to liquid helium temperature. The $\ln T$ behaviors of conductivity and Hall coefficient cannot be explained by the Altshuler-Aronov type electron-electron interaction effect, but can be quantitatively interpreted by the electron-electron interaction effects in the presence of granularity. Our results not only provide strong supports for the theoretical results on the electron-phonon-impurity interference effect, but also confirm the validity of the theoretical predictions of charge transport in granular metals in strong coupling regime.
description: 7 pages and 6 figures
Four-Dimensional Spin Foam Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Martins, Joao Faria
name: Mikovic, Aleksandar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a four-dimensional spin-foam perturbation theory for the ${\rm BF}$-theory with a $B\wedge B$ potential term defined for a compact semi-simple Lie group $G$ on a compact orientable 4-manifold $M$. This is done by using the formal spin foam perturbative series coming from the spin-foam generating functional. We then regularize the terms in the perturbative series by passing to the category of representations of the quantum group $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ where $\mathfrak{g}$ is the Lie algebra of $G$ and $q$ is a root of unity. The Chain-Mail formalism can be used to calculate the perturbative terms when the vector space of intertwiners $Λ\otimes Λ\to A$, where $A$ is the adjoint representation of $\mathfrak{g}$, is 1-dimensional for each irrep $Λ$. We calculate the partition function $Z$ in the dilute-gas limit for a special class of triangulations of restricted local complexity, which we conjecture to exist on any 4-manifold $M$. We prove that the first-order perturbative contribution vanishes for finite triangulations, so that we define a dilute-gas limit by using the second-order contribution. We show that $Z$ is an analytic continuation of the Crane-Yetter partition function. Furthermore, we relate $Z$ to the partition function for the $F\wedge F$ theory.
title: Development of a Low-Fat Spread
Creators: name: Hicks, Clair
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: A stable low-fat water-in-oil emulsion was satisfactorily prepared from milk-fat under laboratory condition. The best product contained 40 per cent fat, 56.8-57.3 per cent water, 0.8 per cent sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.7-1.2 per cent milk solids-non-fat, and 1.2 percent salt. The spread was prepared equally well from butter or high test cream. When the product was made from cream (containing 74 per cent milk-fat) it was necessary to convert most of the globular fat to free fat prior to forming an emulsion. Globular fat in cream was successfully changed to free fat by homogenization at 2500 pounds per square inch or by storing the cream at 5 centigrade for 24 hours. tHe free fat was shock cooled from 41 to 18 centigrade in a swept-surface heat exchanger to give a smooth velvety texture to the milk-fat. The solidified milk-fat was warmed to 22-24 centigrade and emulsified with water containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 7HF (manufactured by Hercules Incorporated) and salt. Color and flavoring were added during emulsification.
Accurate modeling of grazing transits using umbrella sampling
Creators: name: Gilbert, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grazing transits present a special problem for statistical studies of exoplanets. Even though grazing planetary orbits are rare (due to geometric selection effects), for many low to moderate signal-to-noise cases, a significant fraction of the posterior distribution is nonetheless consistent with a grazing geometry. A failure to accurately model grazing transits can therefore lead to biased inferences even for cases where the planet is not actually on a grazing trajectory. With recent advances in stellar characterization, the limiting factor for many scientific applications is now the quality of available transit fits themselves, and so the time is ripe to revisit the transit fitting problem. In this paper, we model exoplanet transits using a novel application of umbrella sampling and a geometry-dependent parameter basis that minimizes covariances between transit parameters. Our technique splits the transit fitting problem into independent Monte Carlo sampling runs for the grazing, non-grazing, and transition regions of the parameter space, which we then recombine into a single joint posterior probability distribution using a robust weighting scheme. Our method can be trivially parallelized and so requires no increase in the wall clock time needed for computations. Most importantly, our method produces accurate estimates of exoplanet properties for both grazing and non-grazing orbits, yielding more robust results than standard methods for many common star-planet configurations.
description: 24 pages, 23 figures; Accepted to AJ
Gravitational waves from eccentric intermediate-mass black hole binaries
Creators: name: Amaro-Seoane, Pau
name: Miller, Cole
name: Freitag, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If binary intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs; with masses between 100 and $10^4 \Msun$) form in dense stellar clusters, their inspiral will be detectable with the planned Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) out to several Gpc. Here we present a study of the dynamical evolution of such binaries using a combination of direct $N$-body techniques (when the binaries are well separated) and three-body relativistic scattering experiments (when the binaries are tight enough that interactions with stars occur one at a time). We find that for reasonable IMBH masses there is only a mild effect on the structure of the surrounding cluster even though the binary binding energy can exceed the binding energy of the cluster. We demonstrate that, contrary to standard assumptions, the eccentricity in the LISA band can be in {\em some} cases as large as $\sim 0.2 - 0.3$ and that it induces a measurable phase difference from circular binaries in the last year before merger. We also show that, even though energy input from the binary decreases the density of the core and slows down interactions, the total time to coalescence is short enough (typically less than a hundred million years) that such mergers will be unique snapshots of clustered star formation.
description: Accepted for publication by ApJ Letts
Minimal Inflation
Creators: name: Alvarez-Gaume, Luis
name: Gomez, Cesar
name: Jimenez, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the universal X superfield that measures in the UV the violation of conformal invariance we build up a model of multifield inflation. The underlying dynamics is the one controlling the natural flow of this field in the IR to the Goldstino superfield once SUSY is broken. We show that flat directions satisfying the slow roll conditions exist only if R-symmetry is broken. Naturalness of our model leads to scales of SUSY breaking of the order of 10^{11-13} Gev, a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of the initial perturbations and negligible gravitational waves. We obtain that the inflaton field is lighter than the gravitino by an amount determined by the slow roll parameter eta. The existence of slow-roll conditions is directly linked to the values of supersymmetry and R-symmetry breaking scales. We make cosmological predictions of our model and compare them to current data.
title: A Comparative Gas Chromatographic Study of Venison and Beef Flavors
Creators: name: Reddy, K. Prakash
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1964

description: Venison is an important food item in the diet of the people of the United States. Deer is hunted both as sport and for food. Annually, nearly 180,000 hunters go afield in Utah in search of deer. Over 130,000 animals are killed which amounts to an annual harvest of over 15,000,000 pounds of dressed venison. This contributes about 10 1/2 million dollars to the economy of the state from licenses, lodgings, transportation, and other expenses of hunting.
Venison as a whole has characteristic flavor and/or odor which is acceptable if mild, but some venison has an objectionable strong flavor. Because of the practical importance of the subject of venison flavor, this investigation has been undertaken to study the substances suspected of contributing to the flavor.