The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star
Creators: name: Zechmeister, M.
name: Dreizler, S.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Bauer, F. F.
name: Béjar, V. J. S.
name: González-Cuesta, L.
name: Herrero, E.
name: Lalitha, S.
name: López-González, M. J.
name: Luque, R.
name: Morales, J. C.
name: Pallé, E.
name: Rodríguez, E.
name: López, C. Rodríguez
name: Tal-Or, L.
name: Anglada-Escudé, G.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Amado, P. J.
name: Abril, M.
name: Aceituno, F. J.
name: Aceituno, J.
name: Alonso-Floriano, F. J.
name: Eiff, M. Ammler-von
name: Jiménez, R. Antona
name: Anwand-Heerwart, H.
name: Arroyo-Torres, B.
name: Azzaro, M.
name: Baroch, D.
name: Barrado, D.
name: Becerril, S.
name: Benítez, D.
name: Berdiñas, Z. M.
name: Bergond, G.
name: Bluhm, P.
name: Brinkmöller, M.
name: del Burgo, C.
name: Ortega, R. Calvo
name: Cano, J.
name: Guillén, C. Cardona
name: Carro, J.
name: Vázquez, M. C. Cárdenas
name: Casal, E.
name: Casasayas-Barris, N.
name: Casanova, V.
name: Chaturvedi, P.
name: Cifuentes, C.
name: Claret, A.
name: Colomé, J.
name: Cortés-Contreras, M.
name: Czesla, S.
name: Díez-Alonso, E.
name: Dorda, R.
name: Fernández, M.
name: Fernández-Martín, A.
name: Ferro, I. M.
name: Fuhrmeister, B.
name: Fukui, A.
name: Galadí-Enríquez, D.
name: Cava, I. Gallardo
name: de la Fuente, J. Garcia
name: Garcia-Piquer, A.
name: Vargas, M. L. García
name: Gesa, L.
name: Rueda, J. Góngora
name: González-Álvarez, E.
name: Hernández, J. I. González
name: González-Peinado, R.
name: Grözinger, U.
name: Guàrdia, J.
name: Guijarro, A.
name: de Guindos, E.
name: Hatzes, A. P.
name: Hauschildt, P. H.
name: Hedrosa, R. P.
name: Helmling, J.
name: Henning, T.
name: Hermelo, I.
name: Arabi, R. Hernández
name: Castaño, L. Hernández
name: Otero, F. Hernández
name: Hintz, D.
name: Huke, P.
name: Huber, A.
name: Jeffers, S. V.
name: Johnson, E. N.
name: de Juan, E.
name: Kaminski, A.
name: Kemmer, J.
name: Kim, M.
name: Klahr, H.
name: Klein, R.
name: Klüter, J.
name: Klutsch, A.
name: Kossakowski, D.
name: Kürster, M.
name: Labarga, F.
name: Lafarga, M.
name: Llamas, M.
name: Lampón, M.
name: Lara, L. M.
name: Launhardt, R.
name: Lázaro, F. J.
name: Lodieu, N.
name: del Fresno, M. López
name: López-Comazzi, A.
name: López-Puertas, M.
name: Salas, J. F. López
name: López-Santiago, J.
name: Madinabeitia, H. Magán
name: Mall, U.
name: Mancini, L.
name: Mandel, H.
name: Marfil, E.
name: Molina, J. A. Marín
name: Fernández, D. Maroto
name: Martín, E. L.
name: Martín-Fernández, P.
name: Martín-Ruiz, S.
name: Marvin, C. J.
name: Mirabet, E.
name: Montañés-Rodríguez, P.
name: Montes, D.
name: Moreno-Raya, M. E.
name: Nagel, E.
name: Naranjo, V.
name: Narita, N.
name: Nortmann, L.
name: Nowak, G.
name: Ofir, A.
name: Oshagh, M.
name: Panduro, J.
name: Parviainen, H.
name: Pascual, J.
name: Passegger, V. M.
name: Pavlov, A.
name: Pedraz, S.
name: Pérez-Calpena, A.
name: Medialdea, D. Pérez
name: Perger, M.
name: Perryman, M. A. C.
name: Rabaza, O.
name: Ballesta, A. Ramón
name: Rebolo, R.
name: Redondo, P.
name: Reffert, S.
name: Reinhardt, S.
name: Rhode, P.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Rodler, F.
name: Trinidad, A. Rodríguez
name: Rosich, A.
name: Sadegi, S.
name: Sánchez-Blanco, E.
name: Carrasco, M. A. Sánchez
name: Sánchez-López, A.
name: Sanz-Forcada, J.
name: Sarkis, P.
name: Sarmiento, L. F.
name: Schäfer, S.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
name: Schöfer, P.
name: Schweitzer, A.
name: Seifert, W.
name: Shulyak, D.
name: Solano, E.
name: Sota, A.
name: Stahl, O.
name: Stock, S.
name: Strachan, J. B. P.
name: Stuber, T.
name: Stürmer, J.
name: Suárez, J. C.
name: Tabernero, H. M.
name: Pinto, M. Tala
name: Trifonov, T.
name: Veredas, G.
name: Linares, J. I. Vico
name: Vilardell, F.
name: Wagner, K.
name: Wolthoff, V.
name: Xu, W.
name: Yan, F.
name: Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Teegarden's Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0V), the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES. Aims. As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of Teegarden's Star and analysed them for planetary signals. Methods. We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegarden's Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellar brightness variations mimicking planetary signals. Results. We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with $1.1M_\oplus$ minimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. No evidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotation and old age. Conclusions. The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cool dwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities.
description: A&amp;A 627, A49. 26 pages, 17 figures, 6 tables. Press release available at http://www.astro.physik.uni-goettingen.de/~zechmeister/teegarden/teegarden.html. v2: two authors and one reference added