cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatially quasi-periodic bifurcations from periodic traveling water waves and a method for detecting bifurcations using signed singular values
Creators: name: Wilkening, Jon
name: Zhao, Xinyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76B15, 70K43, 65P30, 76M22, 35C07

description: We present a method of detecting bifurcations by locating zeros of a signed version of the smallest singular value of the Jacobian. This enables the use of quadratically convergent root-bracketing techniques or Chebyshev interpolation to locate bifurcation points. Only positive singular values have to be computed, though the method relies on the existence of an analytic or smooth singular value decomposition (SVD). The sign of the determinant of the Jacobian, computed as part of the bidiagonal reduction in the SVD algorithm, eliminates slope discontinuities at the zeros of the smallest singular value. We use the method to search for spatially quasi-periodic traveling water waves that bifurcate from large-amplitude periodic waves. The water wave equations are formulated in a conformal mapping framework to facilitate the computation of the quasi-periodic Dirichlet-Neumann operator. We find examples of pure gravity waves with zero surface tension and overhanging gravity-capillary waves. In both cases, the waves have two spatial quasi-periods whose ratio is irrational. We follow the secondary branches via numerical continuation beyond the realm of linearization about solutions on the primary branch to obtain traveling water waves that extend over the real line with no two crests or troughs of exactly the same shape. The pure gravity wave problem is of relevance to ocean waves, where capillary effects can be neglected. Such waves can only exist through secondary bifurcation as they do not persist to zero amplitude. The gravity-capillary wave problem demonstrates the effectiveness of using the signed smallest singular value as a test function for multi-parameter bifurcation problems. This test function becomes mesh independent once the mesh is fine enough.
description: 46 pages, 12 figures
Selected Issues in Thermal Field Theory
Creators: name: Sasaki, Chihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New developments on hot and dense QCD in effective field theories are reviewed. Recent investigations in lattice gauge theories for the low-lying Dirac eigenmodes suggest survival hadrons in restored phase of chiral symmetry. We discuss expected properties of those bound states in a medium using chiral approaches. The role of higher-lying hadrons near chiral symmetry restoration is also argued from the conventional and the holographic point of view.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, to appear in the proceedings for the Quark Matter 2014 conference, May 19-24 2014, Darmstadt, Germany
Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Medicaid Cirrhotic Population
Creators: name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Palmer, Lena B.
name: Hayashi, Paul H.
name: Kappelman, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: To estimate hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in the Medicaid cirrhotic population.
Testbeam Results of the Picosecond Avalanche Detector Proof-Of-Concept Prototype
Creators: name: Iacobucci, G.
name: Zambito, S.
name: Milanesio, M.
name: Moretti, T.
name: Saidi, J.
name: Paolozzi, L.
name: Munker, M.
name: Cardella, R.
name: Martinelli, F.
name: Picardi, A.
name: Rücker, H.
name: Trusch, A.
name: Valerio, P.
name: Cadoux, F.
name: Cardarelli, R.
name: Débieux, S.
name: Favre, Y.
name: Fenoglio, C. A.
name: Ferrere, D.
name: Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.
name: Gurimskaya, Y.
name: Kotitsa, R.
name: Magliocca, C.
name: Nessi, M.
name: Pizarro-Medina, A.
name: Iglesias, J. Sabater
name: Pinto, M. Vicente Barreto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proof-of-concept prototype of the Picosecond Avalanche Detector, a multi-PN junction monolithic silicon detector with continuous gain layer deep in the sensor depleted region, was tested with a beam of 180 GeV pions at the CERN SPS. The prototype features low noise and fast SiGe BiCMOS frontend electronics and hexagonal pixels with 100 μm pitch. At a sensor bias voltage of 125 V, the detector provides full efficiency and average time resolution of 30, 25 and 17 ps in the overall pixel area for a power consumption of 0.4, 0.9 and 2.7 W/cm^2, respectively. In this first prototype the time resolution depends significantly on the distance from the center of the pixel, varying at the highest power consumption measured between 13 ps at the center of the pixel and 25 ps in the inter-pixel region.
On Triality Defects in 2d CFT
Creators: name: Lu, Da-Chuan
name: Sun, Zhengdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the triality fusion category discovered in the $c = 1$ KT theory \cite{Thorngren:2021yso}. We analyze this fusion category using the tools from the group theoretical fusion category and describe how to compute the simple lines, fusion rules and $F$-symbols. We then study the physical implication of this fusion category including deriving the spin selection rule, computing the asymptotic density of states of irreps of the fusion category symmetries, and analyzing its anomaly and constraints on the renormalization group flow. There is another set of $F$-symbols for the fusion categories with the same fusion rule known in the literature \cite{teo2015theory} which we compare with, and find the two are different as they lead to different spin selection rules. This gives a complete list of the fusion categories with the same fusion rule by the classification result in \cite{jordan2009classification}.
description: v4, a mistake on the anomaly of triality fusion category is corrected with section 4.3 rewritten thanks to the referee
Artificial Spin Ice Phase-Change Memory Resistors
Creators: name: Caravelli, Francesco
name: Chern, Gia-Wei
name: Nisoli, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the implications of the anisotropic magnetic resistance on permalloy nanowires, and in particular on the property of the resistance depending on the type of lattice. We discuss how the internal spin configuration of artificial spin ice nanowires can affect their effective resistive state, and which mechanisms can introduce a current-dependent effect dynamic resistive state. We discuss a spin-induced thermal phase-change mechanism, and an athermal domain-wall spin inversion. In both cases we observe memory behavior reminiscent of a memristor, with an I-V hysteretic pinched behavior.
description: 5 pages double column + 9 supplementary material single column
Adherence During Antiviral Treatment Regimens for Chronic Hepatitis C: A Qualitative Study of Patient-reported Facilitators and Barriers
Creators: name: Grodensky, Catherine
name: Evon, Donna M.
name: Bonner, Jason E.
name: Velloza, Jennifer
name: Golin, Carol E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: To understand patients’ perceptions of factors which facilitate and hinder adherence in order to inform adherence-enhancing interventions.
Constraints on New Physics from $B$ mesons
Creators: name: Blanke, Monika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These proceedings review the status of New Physics contributions to flavour violating $B$ decays. The anomalies in charged and neutral current $B$ decays related to lepton flavour universality violation have received a substantial amount of attention over the past years, and we discuss the current status in light of the new data presented earlier this year. We also recall a tension in the neutral $B$ meson mixing observables $ΔM_d$ and $ΔM_s$ and in particular their ratio, when compared with their SM predictions obtained using tree-level determinations of the CKM matrix and the recent lattice QCD results for the relevant hadronic matrix elements. Last but not least, we advocate kaon physics as a unique probe of very high energy scales and briefly discuss the current status of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ and $K\toπν\barν$.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. v2: typos corrected and reference added. Proceedings of the XXIX International Symposium on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies - LeptonPhoton2019, 5-10 August 2019, Toronto, Canada
Complete numerical description of the laser-induced thermal profile in a liquid, to explain complex self-induced diffraction patterns
Creators: name: Domínguez-Juárez, J. L.
name: Quiroz-Juárez, M. A.
name: Aragón, J. L.
name: Quintero-Bermúdez, R.
name: Quintero-Torres, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past, laser propagation in a fluid with heat transfer has been modeled using simplistic conduction and convection conditions yielding inaccurate predictions. Here we present a detailed numerical study describing the thermal profile of the fluid and its interaction with the laser. Furthermore, we evaluate the diffraction field in the far field produced by a pump beam impinging in the fluid and the interferometric pattern obtained normal to the propagation direction to test our model. Direct comparison between experimental results and numerical simulation allows for a complete understanding of the energy transfer from the laser to the liquid and the subsequent effect on the laser propagation. Spatial self-phase modulation and propagation control from small-phase diffraction to aberration-controlled diffraction and up to diffraction oscillation are observed and explained with our modeling.
Self-Efficacy and Adherence to Antiviral Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C
Creators: name: Golin, Carol E.
name: Evon, Donna M.
name: Bonner, Jason E.
name: Esserman, Denise A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Investigate the role of self-efficacy during HCV treatment.
Null and time-like geodesics in Kerr-Newman black hole exterior
Creators: name: Wang, Chen-Yu
name: Lee, Da-Shin
name: Lin, Chi-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the null and time-like geodesics of the light and the neutral particles respectively in the exterior of Kerr-Newman black holes. The geodesic equations are known to be written as a set of first-order differential equations in Mino time from which the angular and radial potentials can be defined. We classify the roots for both potentials, and mainly focus on those of the radial potential with an emphasis on the effect from the charge of the black holes. We then obtain the solutions of the trajectories in terms of the elliptical integrals and the Jacobian elliptic functions for both null and time-like geodesics, which are manifestly real functions of the Mino time that the initial conditions can be explicitly specified. We also describe the details of how to reduce those solutions into the cases of the spherical orbits. The effect of the black hole's charge decreases the radii of the spherical motion of the light and the particle for both direct and retrograde motions. In particular, we focus on the light/particle boomerang of the spherical orbits due to the frame dragging from the back hole's spin with the effect from the charge of the black hole. To sustain the change of the azimuthal angle of the light rays, say for example $Δϕ=π$ during the whole trip, the presence of the black hole's charge decreases the radius of the orbit and consequently reduces the needed values of the black hole's spin. As for the particle boomerang, the particle's inertia renders smaller change of the angle $Δϕ$ as compared with the light boomerang. Moreover, the black hole's charge also results in the smaller angle change $Δϕ$ of the particle than that in the Kerr case. The implications of the obtained results to observations are discussed.
description: 50 pages, 18 figures
Quantum circuits for solving local fermion-to-qubit mappings
Creators: name: Nys, Jannes
name: Carleo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local Hamiltonians of fermionic systems on a lattice can be mapped onto local qubit Hamiltonians. Maintaining the locality of the operators comes at the expense of increasing the Hilbert space with auxiliary degrees of freedom. In order to retrieve the lower-dimensional physical Hilbert space that represents fermionic degrees of freedom, one must satisfy a set of constraints. In this work, we introduce quantum circuits that exactly satisfy these stringent constraints. We demonstrate how maintaining locality allows one to carry out a Trotterized time-evolution with constant circuit depth per time step. Our construction is particularly advantageous to simulate the time evolution operator of fermionic systems in d>1 dimensions. We also discuss how these families of circuits can be used as variational quantum states, focusing on two approaches: a first one based on general constant-fermion-number gates, and a second one based on the Hamiltonian variational ansatz where the eigenstates are represented by parametrized time-evolution operators. We apply our methods to the problem of finding the ground state and time-evolved states of the $t$-$V$ model.
Super-resolution wavefront reconstruction
Creators: name: Oberti, Sylvain
name: Correia, Carlos
name: Fusco, Thierry
name: Neichel, Benoit
name: Guiraud, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Super-Resolution (SR) is a technique that seeks to upscale the resolution of a set of measured signals. SR retrieves higher-frequency signal content by combining multiple lower resolution sampled data sets. SR is well known both in the temporal and spatial domains. It is widely used in imaging to reduce aliasing and enhance the resolution of coarsely sampled images.This paper applies the SR technique to the bi-dimensional wavefront reconstruction. In particular, we show how SR is intrinsically suited for tomographic multi WaveFront Sensor (WFS) AO systems revealing many of its advantages with minimal design effort. This paper provides a direct space and Fourier-optics description of the wavefront sensing operation and demonstrate how SR can be exploited through signal reconstruction, especially in the framework of Periodic Nonuniform Sampling. Both meta uniform and nonuniform sampling schemes are investigated. Then, the SR bi-dimensional model for a Shack Hartmann (SH) WFS is provided and the characteristics of the sensitivity function are analyzed. The SR concept is finally validated with numerical simulations of representative multi WFS SH AO systems. Our results show that combining several WFS samples in a SR framework grants access to a larger number of modes than the native one offered by a single WFS and that despite the fixed sub-aperture size across samples. Furthermore, we show that the associated noise propagation is not degraded under SR. Finally, the concept is extended to the signal produced by single Pyramid WFS. In conclusion, SR applied to wavefront reconstruction offers a new parameter space to explore as it decouples the size of the subaperture from the desired wavefront sampling resolution. By cutting short with old assumptions, new, more flexible and better performing AO designs become now possible.
description: Astronomy & Astrophysics Section: 13. Astronomical instrumentation AA/2022/43954
MapSDI: A Scaled-up Semantic Data Integration Framework for Knowledge Graph Creation
Creators: name: Jozashoori, Samaneh
name: Vidal, Maria-Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic web technologies have significantly contributed with effective solutions for the problems of data integration and knowledge graph creation. However, with the rapid growth of big data in diverse domains, different interoperability issues still demand to be addressed, being scalability one of the main challenges. In this paper, we address the problem of knowledge graph creation at scale and provide MapSDI, a mapping rule-based framework for optimizing semantic data integration into knowledge graphs. MapSDI allows for the semantic enrichment of large-sized, heterogeneous, and potentially low-quality data efficiently. The input of MapSDI is a set of data sources and mapping rules being generated by a mapping language such as RML. First, MapSDI pre-processes the sources based on semantic information extracted from mapping rules, by performing basic database operators; it projects out required attributes, eliminates duplicates, and selects relevant entries. All these operators are defined based on the knowledge encoded by the mapping rules which will be then used by the semantification engine (or RDFizer) to produce a knowledge graph. We have empirically studied the impact of MapSDI on existing RDFizers, and observed that knowledge graph creation time can be reduced on average in one order of magnitude. It is also shown, theoretically, that the sources and rules transformations provided by MapSDI are data-lossless.
Comparative Analysis of Electric Cars and Diesel Cars Using Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)
Creators: name: Bodemer, Oliver
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 409999
subject: Other engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 409902
subject: Engineering instrumentation

description: The transition to sustainable transportation has led to the emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) and the exploration of alternative fuels like Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) for diesel cars. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of electric cars and diesel cars powered by HVO, focusing on environmental impact, performance, economic aspects, infrastructure, and longevity. Electric cars, with their zero tailpipe emissions, offer a promising solution to reduce urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the environmental footprint of their battery production and electricity sources cannot be overlooked. On the other hand, diesel cars using HVO, a renewable biofuel, have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions compared to conventional diesel, while leveraging existing refueling infrastructure. Performance metrics, including acceleration, range, and efficiency, were evaluated for both vehicle types. From an economic perspective, the total cost of ownership, encompassing purchase price, maintenance, and fuel or electricity costs, was assessed. Infrastructure analysis revealed insights into the availability and convenience of charging stations for EVs versus HVO refueling stations. Additionally, the longevity and maintenance requirements of both vehicle types were examined to provide a holistic understanding of their long-term viability. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and consumers in making informed decisions about sustainable transportation options. The results also highlight areas for potential improvement and innovation in both EV and HVO technologies, paving the way for a cleaner and more efficient transportation future.
Localized and propagating excitations in gapped phases of spin systems with bond disorder
Creators: name: Utesov, O. I.
name: Sizanov, A. V.
name: Syromyatnikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the conventional $T$-matrix approach, we discuss gapped phases in 1D, 2D, and 3D spin systems (both with and without a long range magnetic order) with bond disorder and with weakly interacting bosonic elementary excitations. This work is motivated by recent experimental and theoretical activity in spin-liquid-like systems with disorder and in the disordered interacting boson problem. In particular, we apply our theory to both paramagnetic low-field and fully polarized high-field phases in dimerized spin-$\frac12$ systems and in integer-spin magnets with large single-ion easy-plane anisotropy $\cal D$ with disorder in exchange coupling constants (and/or $\cal D$). The elementary excitation spectrum and the density of states are calculated in the first order in defects concentration $c\ll1$. In 2D and 3D systems, the scattering on defects leads to a finite damping of all propagating excitations in the band except for states lying near its edges. We demonstrate that the analytical approach is inapplicable for states near the band edges and our numerical calculations reveal their localized nature. We find that the damping of propagating excitations can be much more pronounced in considered systems than in magnetically ordered gapless magnets with impurities. In 1D systems, the disorder leads to localization of all states in the band, while those lying far from the band edges (short-wavelength excitations) can look like conventional wavepackets.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Hunting for anti-solar differentially rotating stars using the Rossby number -- An application to the Kepler field
Creators: name: Noraz, Quentin
name: Breton, Sylvain N.
name: Brun, Allan Sacha
name: García, Rafael A.
name: Strugarek, Antoine
name: Santos, Angela R. G.
name: Mathur, Savita
name: Amard, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anti-solar differential rotation profiles have been found for decades in numerical simulations of convective envelopes of solar-type stars. These profiles are characterized by a slow equator and fast poles (i.e., reversed with respect to the Sun) and have been found in simulations for high Rossby numbers (slow rotators). Rotation profiles like this have been reported observationally in evolved stars, but have never been unambiguously observed for cool solar-type stars on the main sequence. In this context, detecting this regime in main-sequence solar-type stars would improve our understanding of their magnetorotational evolution. The goal of this study is to identify the most promising cool main-sequence stellar candidates for anti-solar differential rotation in the \textit{Kepler} sample. First, we introduce a new theoretical formula to estimate fluid Rossby numbers, $Ro_{\rm f}$, of main-sequence solar-type stars, from observational quantities, and taking the influences of the internal structure and metallicity into account. We obtain a list of the most promising stars that are likely to show anti-solar differential rotation. We identify two samples: one at solar metallicity, including 14 targets, and another for other metallicities, including 8 targets. We find that the targets with the highest $Ro_{\rm f}$ are likely to be early-G or late-F stars at about log$_{10}g=4.37$~dex. We conclude that cool main-sequence stellar candidates for anti-solar differential rotation exist in the \textit{Kepler} sample. The most promising candidate is KIC~10907436, and two other particularly interesting candidates are the solar analog KIC~7189915 and the seismic target KIC~12117868. Future characterization of these 22 stars is expected to help us understand how dynamics can impact magnetic and rotational evolution of old solar-type stars at high Rossby number.
description: 12 pages + Appendix ; 9 Figures ; 3 Tables ; Accepted for publication in A&A
Unraveling the variability of sigma Ori E
Creators: name: Oksala, M. E.
name: Kochukhov, O.
name: Krtička, J.
name: Prvák, M.
name: Mikulášek, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sigma Ori E (HD 37479) is the prototypical helium-strong star shown to harbor a strong magnetic field, as well as a magnetosphere consisting of two clouds of plasma. The observed optical (ubvy) light curve of sigma Ori E is dominated by eclipse features due to circumstellar material, however, there remain additional features unexplained by the Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere (RRM) model of Townsend & Owocki. Using the technique of magnetic Doppler imaging (MDI), spectropolarimetric observations of sigma Ori E are used to produce maps of both the magnetic field topology and various elemental abundance distributions. We also present an analysis utilizing these computed MDI maps in conjunction with NLTE TLUSTY models to study the optical brightness variability of this star arising from surface inhomogeneities. It has been suggested that this physical phenomena may be responsible for the light curve inconsistencies between the model and observations.
description: To appear in IAU Symposium 307, New Windows on Massive Stars: Asteroseismology, Interferometry, and Spectropolarimetry, ed. G. Meynet, C. Georgy, J. H. Groh, & Ph. Stee
A note on the (non-)conservation of curvature perturbation
Creators: name: Lin, Chia-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, we compare two different definitions for the cosmological perturbation $ζ$ which is conserved on large scales, and study their non-conservation on small scales. We derive an equation for the time evolution of the curvature perturbation on a uniform density slice through a calculation solely in longitudinal (conformal-Newtonian) gauge. The result is concise and compatible with that obtained via local conservation of energy-momentum tensor.
description: 9 pages, version to be published in the Chinese Journal of Physics
Optimizing relativistic energy density functionals: covariance analysis
Creators: name: Niksic, Tamara
name: Paar, Nils
name: Reinhard, Paul-Gerhard
name: Vretenar, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability of model parameters for a class of relativistic energy density functionals, characterized by contact (point-coupling) effective inter-nucleon interactions and density-dependent coupling parameters, is analyzed using methods of statistical analysis. A set of pseudo-observables in infinite and semi-infinite nuclear matter is used to define a quality measure $χ^2$ for subsequent analysis. We calculate uncertainties of model parameters and correlation coefficients between parameters, and determine the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the matrix of second derivatives of $χ^2$ at the minimum. This allows to examine the stability of the density functional in nuclear matter, and to deduce weakly and strongly constrained combinations of parameters. In addition, we also compute uncertainties of observables that are not included in the calculation of $χ^2$: binding energy of asymmetric nuclear matter, surface thickness of semi-infinite nuclear matter, binding energies and charge radii of finite nuclei.
description: Submitted to JPhysG Focus issue "Enhancing the interaction between nuclear experiment and theory through information and statistics" (ISNET)
A self-consistent dynamical system with multiple absolutely continuous invariant measures
Creators: name: Sélley, Fanni M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study a class of \emph{self-consistent dynamical systems}, self-consistent in the sense that the discrete time dynamics is different in each step depending on current statistics. The general framework admits popular examples such as coupled map systems. Motivated by an example of M. Blank, we concentrate on a special case where the dynamics in each step is a $β$-map with some $β\geq 2$. Included in the definition of $β$ is a parameter $\varepsilon > 0$ controlling the strength of self-consistency. We show such a self-consistent system which has a unique absolutely continuous invariant measure (acim) for $\varepsilon=0$, but at least two for any $\varepsilon > 0$. With a slight modification, we transform this system into one which produces a phase transition-like behavior: it has a unique acim for $0< \varepsilon < \varepsilon^*$, and multiple for sufficiently large values of $\varepsilon$. We discuss the stability of the invariant measures by the help of computer simulations employing the numerical representation of the self-consistent transfer operator.
description: Electronic copy of final peer-reviewed manuscript accepted for publication
Exclusive doubly charged Higgs boson pair production in $pp$ collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Duarte, Laura
name: Goncalves, Victor P.
name: Martins, Daniel E.
name: de Melo, Téssio B.
name: Queiroz, Farinaldo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The type II seesaw model predicts the existence of a doubly charged Higgs boson ($H ^{\pm\pm}$), which can be produced through the Drell - Yan process and photon -- induced interactions at hadronic colliders. In recent years, such reactions have been largely investigated in inclusive processes, where both incident protons breakup and a large number of particles is produced in addition to the doubly charged Higgs pair. In this paper, we investigate, for the first time, the possibility of searching for $H ^{\pm\pm}$ in exclusive processes, which are characterized by two rapidity gaps and two intact very forward protons in final state. We estimate the associated cross section making use of the exclusive nature of the final state, together with the use of timing information provided by forward proton detectors. Moreover, the background is estimated considering distinct amounts of pile-up. Our results indicate that the exclusive doubly charged Higgs pair production is a promising way to search for signatures of the type II seesaw and to obtain lower mass bounds on $H ^{\pm\pm}$.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Improved version published in PRD
Complete Game Logic with Sabotage
Creators: name: Abou El Wafa, Noah
name: Platzer, André
Publisher: name: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2024

description: Game logic with sabotage (GLs) is introduced as a simple and natural extension of Parikh's game logic with a single additional primitive, which allows players to lay traps for the opponent. GLs can be used to model infinite sabotage games, in which players can change the rules during game play. In contrast to game logic, which is strictly less expressive, GLs is exactly as expressive as the modal μ-calculus. This reveals a close connection between the entangled nested recursion inherent in modal fixpoint logics and adversarial dynamic rule changes characteristic for sabotage games. A natural Hilbert-style proof calculus for GLs is presented and proved complete using syntactic equiexpressiveness reductions. The completeness of a simple extension of Parikh's calculus for game logic follows.
Rare decays of B-hadrons
Creators: name: Benito, Carla Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare decays of b-hadrons provide high sensitivity to New Physics effects. Several deviations with respect to the Standard Model predictions have been observed in recent years, leading to significant tensions in global fit analyses. It is thus crucial to update the existing measurements and study new decay modes to confirm the pattern. The latest results from LHCb and Belle on radiative, semileptonic penguin, lepton universality and lepton flavour violation decays are presented.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, invited contribution to the XXIX International Symposium on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies - LeptonPhoton2019
A Reanalysis of the Composition of K2-106b: an Ultra-short Period Super-Mercury Candidate
Creators: name: Martínez, Romy Rodríguez
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Schulze, Joseph G.
name: Acuña, Lorena
name: Kolecki, Jared
name: Johnson, Jennifer A.
name: Asnodkar, Anusha Pai
name: Boley, Kiersten M.
name: Deleuil, Magali
name: Mousis, Olivier
name: Panero, Wendy R.
name: Wang, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a reanalysis of the K2-106 transiting planetary system, with a focus on the composition of K2-106b, an ultra-short period, super-Mercury candidate. We globally model existing photometric and radial velocity data and derive a planetary mass and radius for K2-106b of $M_{p} = 8.53\pm1.02~M_{\oplus}$ and $R_{p} = 1.71^{+0.069}_{-0.057}~R_{\oplus}$, which leads to a density of $ρ_{p} = 9.4^{+1.6}_{-1.5}$ $\rm g~cm^{-3}$, a significantly lower value than previously reported in the literature. We use planet interior models that assume a two-layer planet comprised of a liquid, pure Fe core and iron-free, $\rm MgSiO_{3}$ mantle, and we determine the range of core mass fractions that are consistent with the observed mass and radius. We use existing high-resolution spectra of the host star to derive Fe/Mg/Si abundances ([Fe/H]$=-0.03 \pm 0.01$, [Mg/H]$= 0.04 \pm 0.02$, [Si/H]$=0.03 \pm 0.06$) to infer the composition of K2-106b. We find that although K2-106b has a high density and core mass fraction ($44^{+12}_{-15}\%$) compared to the Earth ($33\%$), its composition is consistent with what is expected assuming that it reflects the relative refractory abundances of its host star. K2-106b is therefore unlikely to be a super-Mercury, as has been suggested in previous literature.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, submitted to AJ
Use of Biologics in Pouchitis: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Herfarth, Hans H.
name: Long, Millie D.
name: Isaacs, Kim L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Data about the effectiveness of biologics, including anti-TNF therapy and anti-integrin strategies, in antibiotic refractory pouchitis or Crohn’s disease-associated pouch complications are sparse. We performed a systematic review of the literature in Medline and Web of Science. All English language publications and meeting abstracts describing patients with pouchitis treated with anti-TNF or anti-integrin therapies were included. We identified a total of 17 papers and 2 abstracts, most of these retrospective case series, including a total of 192 patients treated either with infliximab (IFX; n=140) or adalimumab (ADA; n=52). No reports were found for anti-integrin therapies or other anti-TNF agents such as certolizumab pegol or golimumab. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, small numbers of patients, differing co-treatments and subjective outcome definitions, the exact efficacy of these biologic therapies cannot be assessed in a combined fashion. Overall IFX appears to have good clinical effectiveness in selected patients achieving up to 80% short and around 50% long-term response, whereas the few data available for ADA are not sufficient to draw valid conclusions. Larger prospectively collected multi-center data with clearly defined inclusion criteria and outcomes are necessary to better define the clinical value of anti-TNF therapy in patients with antibiotic refractory pouchitis or Crohn’s-like complications of the pouch.
Quasiparticle characteristics of the weakly ferromagnetic Hund's metal MnSi
Creators: name: Fang, Yuan
name: Zhang, Huali
name: Wang, Ding
name: Yang, Guowei
name: Wu, Yi
name: Li, Peng
name: Xiao, Zhiguang
name: Lin, Tianyun
name: Zheng, Hao
name: Li, Xiao-Long
name: Wang, Huan-Hua
name: Rodolakis, Fanny
name: Song, Yu
name: Wang, Yilin
name: Cao, Chao
name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hund's metals are multi-orbital systems with $3d$ or $4d$ electrons exhibiting both itinerant character and local moments, and they feature Kondo-like screenings of local orbital and spin moments, with suppressed coherence temperature driven by Hund's coupling $J_H$. They often exhibit magnetic order at low temperature, but how the interaction between the Kondo-like screening and long-range magnetic order is manifested in the quasiparticle spectrum remains an open question. Here we present spectroscopic signature of such interaction in a Hund's metal candidate MnSi exhibiting weak ferromagnetism. Our photoemission measurements reveal renormalized quasiparticle bands near the Fermi level with strong momentum dependence: the ferromagnetism manifests through possibly exchange-split bands (Q1) below $T_C$ , while the spin/orbital screenings lead to gradual development of quasiparticles (Q2) upon cooling. Our results demonstrate how the characteristic spin/orbital coherence in a Hund's metal could coexist and compete with the magnetic order to form a weak itinerant ferromagnet, via quasiparticle bands that are well separated in momentum space and exhibit distinct temperature dependence. Our results imply that the competition between the spin/orbital screening and the magnetic order in a Hund's metal bears intriguing similarity to the Kondo lattice systems.
description: accepted by PRB
Trapping of He Clusters by Inert-Gas Impurities in Tungsten: First-Principles Predictions and Experimental Validation
Creators: name: Nguyen-Manh, Duc
name: Dudarev, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of point defects resulting from the incorporation of inert-gas atoms in bcc tungsten are investigated systematically using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The most stable configuration for the interstitial neon, argon, krypton and xenon atoms is the tetrahedral site, similarly to what was found earlier for helium in W. The calculated formation energies for single inert-gas atoms at interstitial sites as well as at substitutional sites are much larger for Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe than for He. While the variation of the energy of insertion of inert-gas defects into interstitial configurations can be explained by a strong effect of their large atomic size, the trend exhibited by their substitutional energies is more likely related to the covalent interaction between the noble gas impurity atoms and the tungsten atoms. There is a remarkable variation exhibited by the energy of interaction between inert-gas impurities and vacancies, where a pronounced size effect is observed when going from He to Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe. The origin of this trend is explained by electronic structure calculations showing that p-orbitals play an important part in the formation of chemical bonds between a vacancy and an atom of any of the four inert-gas elements in comparison with helium, where the latter contains only 1s2 electrons in the outer shell. The binding energies of a helium atom trapped by five different defects (He-v, Ne-v, Ar-v, Kr-v, Xe-v, where v denotes a vacancy in bcc-W) are all in excellent agreement with experimental data derived from thermal desorption spectroscopy. Attachment of He clusters to inert gas impurity atom traps in tungsten is analysed as a function of the number of successive trapping helium atoms. Variation of the Young modulus due to inert-gas impurities is analysed on the basis of data derived from DFT calculations.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Lattice investigation of the phase diagram of the 1+1 dimensional Gross-Neveu model at finite number of fermion flavors
Creators: name: Pannullo, Laurin
name: Lenz, Julian
name: Wagner, Marc
name: Wellegehausen, Björn
name: Wipf, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the phase structure of the 1+1 dimensional Gross-Neveu model at finite number of fermion flavors using lattice field theory. Besides a chirally symmetric phase and a homogeneously broken phase we find evidence for the existence of an inhomogeneous phase, where the condensate is a spatially oscillating function. Our numerical results include a crude $μ$-$T$ phase diagram.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, talk given at the 37th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2019), 16-22 June 2019, Wuhan, China
Percolation in binary mixtures of linkers and particles: chaining {\it {vs}} branching
Creators: name: Gouveia, M.
name: Dias, C. S.
name: Tavares, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibrium gels of colloidal particles can be realized through the introduction of a second species, a linker that mediates the bonds between the colloids. A gel forming binary mixture whose linkers can self-assemble into linear chains while still promoting the aggregation of particles is considered in this work. The particles are patchy particles with $f_C$ patches of type $C$ and the linkers are patchy particles with $2$ patches of type $A$ and $f_B$ patches of type B. The bonds between patches of type $A$ ($AA$ bonds) promote the formation of linear chains of linkers. Two different ways (model A and model B) of bonding the linkers to the particles - or inducing branching - are studied. In model A, there is a competition between chaining and branching, since the bonding between linkers and particles is done through $AC$ bonds only. In model B linkers aggregate to particles through bonds $BC$ only, making chaining and branching independent. The percolation behaviour of these two models is studied in detail, employing a generalized Flory-Stockmayer theory and Monte Carlo simulations. The self-assembly of linkers into chains reduces the fraction of particles needed for percolation to occur (models A and B) and induces percolation when the fraction of particles is high (model B). Percolation by heating and percolation loops in temperature composition diagrams are obtained when the formation of chains is energetically favourable, by increasing the entropic gain of branching (model A). Chaining and branching are found to follow a model dependent relation at percolation, which shows that, for the same composition, longer chains require less branching for percolation to occur.
TGF-β and Regulatory T Cell in Immunity and Autoimmunity
Creators: name: Wan, Yisong Y.
name: Flavell, Richard A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The immune response is controlled by several inhibitory mechanisms. These mechanisms include regulatory T cells, which exist in multiple classes. Notable among these are Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Treg), NKT cells, and Tr1 cells. Common to these mechanisms are inhibitory cytokines such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). TGF-β and Foxp3-expressing Treg cells are critical in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis.
Local momentum space and the vector field
Creators: name: Toms, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local momentum space expansion for the real vector field is considered. Using Riemann normal coordinates we obtain an expansion of the Feynman Green function up and including terms that are quadratic in the curvature. The results are valid for a non-minimal operator such as that arising from a general Feynman type gauge fixing condition. The result is used to derive the first three terms in the asymptotic expansion for the coincidence limit of the heat kernel without taking the trace, thus obtaining the untraced heat kernel coefficients. The spacetime dimension is kept general before specializing to four dimensions for comparison with previously known results. As a further application we re-examine the anomalous trace of the stress-energy-momentum tensor for the Maxwell field and comment on the gauge dependence.
QED with heavy ions: on the way from strong to supercritical fields
Creators: name: Shabaev, V. M.
name: Bondarev, A. I.
name: Glazov, D. A.
name: Kozhedub, Y. S.
name: Maltsev, I. A.
name: Malyshev, A. V.
name: Popov, R. V.
name: Tumakov, D. A.
name: Tupitsyn, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current status of tests of quantum electrodynamics with heavy ions is reviewed. The theoretical predictions for the Lamb shift and the hyperfine splitting in heavy ions are compared with available experimental data. Recent achievements and future prospects in studies of the $g$ factor with highly charged ions are also reported. These studies can provide precise determination of the fundamental constants and tests of QED within and beyond the Furry picture at the strong-coupling regime. Theoretical calculations of the electron-positron pair creation probabilities in low-energy heavy-ion collisions are also considered. Special attention is paid to tests of QED in supercritical-field regime, which can be accessed in slow collisions of two bare nuclei with the total charge number larger than the critical value, $Z_{\rm crit} \approx 173$. In the supercritical field, the initially neutral vacuum can spontaneously decay into the charged vacuum and two positrons. It is demonstrated that this fundamental phenomenon can be observed via impact-sensitive measurements of the pair-production probabilities.
description: Presented at International Conference on Precision Physics and Fundamental Physical Constants - FFK2019, 9-14 June, 2019, Tihany, Hungary