cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Epistemological Letters 22
Creators: name: d'Espagnat, B
name: de Charriere, C.
name: Bonsack, F.
name: Hilgevoord, J.
name: Costa de Beauregard, O.
name: Makor, R.
name: Cooke, R.M.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: Issue 22 is a written symposium on the foundations of quantum physics, edited by François Bonsack, Abner Shimony, and others. It was published and distributed to a limited mailing list by Association Ferdinand Gonseth.
An indoor environmental quality assessment of office spaces at an urban Australian university
Creators: name: Woo, Jin
name: Rajagopalan, Priyadarsini
name: Francis, Matthew
name: Garnawat, Prachi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper reports the results of a comprehensive indoor environmental quality (IEQ) evaluation conducted in seven office buildings at an Australian university. A mix of objective and subjective assessments was carried out and a total of 519 staff participated in the survey from various non-academic departments. Three types of buildings were included in this study: ‘Heritage listed’ (c.1880–1890s), ‘Conventional’ (c.1960–1980s) and ‘Modern’ (post 2000) office buildings. Although the measured IEQ conditions were relatively good with no significant fluctuation across the selected buildings, the discrepancy between objective IEQ data and subjective occupant evaluations was noted. The Modern building type designed with fully double-glazed façades showed the highest levels of overall comfort and satisfaction and perceived productivity, whereas the Conventional building type constructed during the late 20th-century period, notable for deep floor plates, had the lowest. The heritage listed type buildings had lower window to wall ratios, yet displayed improved occupant satisfaction across all IEQ areas over the conventional type buildings. The results support that building renovation and regular maintenance can improve occupant comfort and satisfaction within offices. The findings could be useful for property managers looking for strategies to improve the performance of their building stock.
Taming Nonrenormalizability
Creators: name: Klauder, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonrenormalizable scalar fields, such as φ^4_n, n\ge5, require infinitely many distinct counter terms when perturbed about the free theory, and lead to free theories when defined as the continuum limit of a lattice regularized theory restricted only to arbitrary mass and coupling constant renormalization. Based on the proposal that functional integrals for interacting nonrenormalizable models do not reduce to the expression for the free field functional integral as the coupling constant vanishes -- a proposal supported by the fact that even the set of classical solutions for such models does not reduce to the set of free field solutions as the coupling constant vanishes -- it has been conjectured that for nonrenormalizable models the interaction term acts partially as a hard core eliminating certain fields otherwise allowed by the free theory. As a consequence, interacting models are continuously connected to a pseudofree theory that takes into account the hard core as the coupling constant vanishes, and this general view is supported not only by simple quantum mechanical examples as well as soluble but nonrelativistic nonrenormalizable models. The present article proposes a pseudofree model for relativistic nonrenormalizable models about which it is argued that a perturbation expansion of the interaction is term-by-term divergence free.
description: 10 pages, improved argumentation, version accepted for publication by J Phys. A
Energy Intensity in Northern Europe’s Economic Development – Curse or Bless?
Creators: name: Viiding, Marko
name: Joller, Liina
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013
Subjects: energy intensity; economic development; Nordic and Baltic countries

description: It has been proven that a country’s development level increases with greater access to and use of electricity. However this holds true for lower levels of development – in the light of increasing political commitments for environmental concerns and global warming it is much harder to pinpoint best energy consumption pattern for sustainable economic development. Authors of this article measure energy intensity of the Nordic and Baltic countries by observing returns to GDP from amount of electricity used; comparing this to existing electricity production opportunities and cost. Findings demonstrate that low energy-intensiveness is economically more preferred but not ultimately necessary. Countries with well developed energy supply chains can maintain energy-intensive structure of the economy if the effectiveness of the structure is optimised.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 2 (2012)
Risk factors associated with the increase of injury severity of powered two wheelers road accidents victims in Portugal
Creators: name: Santos, Kenny
name: Dias, João P.
name: Amado, Conceição
name: Sousa, Joana
name: Francisco, Paulo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the increase of the injury severity of powered two wheelers (PTW) riders when involved in a road accident in Portugal. A retrospective analysis of 37769 PTW accidents that occurred in Portugal between 2010 and 2015 was performed. Injury severity was classified into 3 levels: minor injury, severe injury and fatal injury. An ordered logistic regression was applied to identify the potential risk factors that can affect PTW accidents severity. The following factors increase the chances of more severe injuries: motorcycle in PTW category, rest days, 20 h to 5h59, clean and dry roads, Braga and Viana do Castelo regions, rural areas, bended roads, national roads, male rider, no helmet worn, blood alcohol content between 0.5 g/L and 0.8 g/L, truck involvement and other vehicle driver injured. Special attention should be given to PTW accidents as they represent a large safety problem in Portugal. Understanding the risk factors that influence PTW accident severity is essential to develop safety countermeasures to improve road safety. Prevention plans should be promoted to improve the PTW riders safety. More control of the speed and of the alcohol blood content should be done by the authorities. PTW occupants should be alerted as well to use protective clothing and helmet. These results are important for the consideration of further measures to reduce the injury severity of PTW accidents in Portugal
Driving through a pandemic: A study of speeding and phone use while driving during COVID-19 restrictions
Creators: name: Truelove, Verity
name: Watson-Brown, Natalie
name: Parker, Emily
name: Freeman, James
name: Davey, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions were implemented, however, data indicates road crash rates have not decreased proportionately to the decline in traffic density. This study explored how speeding and phone use while driving (road behaviors associated with a high crash risk) changed as a result of COVID-19 restrictions in Queensland. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in Queensland, Australia to examine self-reported changes in speeding and phone use while driving before, during and after the easing of restrictions (while also considering exposure to the road and driving location). Study 1 (n = 351) was conducted between 12 May and 12 June 2020, when the majority of COVID-19 restrictions were enforced. Study 2 (n = 427) was conducted between 24 June and 12 August 2020, when restrictions were easing. The findings indicated, overall, self-reported speeding and phone use significantly decreased during restrictions (likely due to reduced travel), but not for those who continued to drive regularly. There was an additional, significant self-reported decrease in phone use while driving after restrictions were eased when compared to engagement during restrictions, which may (in part) be due to the simultaneous introduction of roadside mobile phone detection cameras. These findings highlight the importance of visible deterrence and provide a glimpse of possible consequences if there is a more sustained reduction in policing presence on roads.
Artiklid tuntud eesti majandusteadlastest. Beiträge über berühmte estnische Wirtschaftswissenschaftler. List of articles published on well-known Estonian economists
Creators: name: Raudjärv, Matti
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2013

description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 2 (2012)
Bayes-optimal learning of an extensive-width neural network from quadratically many samples
Creators: name: Maillard, Antoine
name: Troiani, Emanuele
name: Martin, Simon
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of learning a target function corresponding to a single hidden layer neural network, with a quadratic activation function after the first layer, and random weights. We consider the asymptotic limit where the input dimension and the network width are proportionally large. Recent work [Cui & al '23] established that linear regression provides Bayes-optimal test error to learn such a function when the number of available samples is only linear in the dimension. That work stressed the open challenge of theoretically analyzing the optimal test error in the more interesting regime where the number of samples is quadratic in the dimension. In this paper, we solve this challenge for quadratic activations and derive a closed-form expression for the Bayes-optimal test error. We also provide an algorithm, that we call GAMP-RIE, which combines approximate message passing with rotationally invariant matrix denoising, and that asymptotically achieves the optimal performance. Technically, our result is enabled by establishing a link with recent works on optimal denoising of extensive-rank matrices and on the ellipsoid fitting problem. We further show empirically that, in the absence of noise, randomly-initialized gradient descent seems to sample the space of weights, leading to zero training loss, and averaging over initialization leads to a test error equal to the Bayes-optimal one.
description: 47 pages
Border Detection in Complex Networks
Creators: name: Travencolo, Bruno A. N.
name: Viana, Matheus P.
name: Costa, Luciano da F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One important issue implied by the finite nature of real-world networks regards the identification of their more external (border) and internal nodes. The present work proposes a formal and objective definition of these properties, founded on the recently introduced concept of node diversity. It is shown that this feature does not exhibit any relevant correlation with several well-established complex networks measurements. A methodology for the identification of the borders of complex networks is described and illustrated with respect to theoretical (geographical and knitted networks) as well as real-world networks (urban and word association networks), yielding interesting results and insights in both cases.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures. A working manuscript
Energetics of a black hole: constraints on the jet velocity and the nature of the X-ray emitting region in Cyg X-1
Creators: name: Malzac, Julien
name: Belmont, Renaud
name: Fabian, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the energetics of the jet and X-ray corona of Cyg X-1. We show that the current estimates of the jet power obtained from Halpha and [O III] measurements of the optical nebula surrounding the X-ray source allow one to constrain the bulk velocity of the jet. It is definitely relativistic (v >0.1c) and most probably in the range (0.3-0.8)c. The exact value of the velocity depends on the accretion efficiency. These constraints are obtained independently of, and are consistent with, previous estimates of the jet bulk velocity based on radio measurements. We then show that the X-ray emission does not originate in the jet. Indeed, the energy budget does not allow the corona to be ejected to infinity at relativistic speed. Rather, either a small fraction of the corona escapes to infinity, or the ejection velocity of the corona is vanishingly low. Although the corona could constitute the jet launching region, it cannot be identified with the jet itself. We discuss the consequences for various X-ray emission models.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, to appear in MNRAS
IoT Threat Detection Testbed Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Shaikh, Farooq
name: Bou-Harb, Elias
name: Vehabovic, Aldin
name: Crichigno, Jorge
name: Yayimli, Aysegul
name: Ghani, Nasir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Internet of Things(IoT) paradigm provides persistent sensing and data collection capabilities and is becoming increasingly prevalent across many market sectors. However, most IoT devices emphasize usability and function over security, making them very vulnerable to malicious exploits. This concern is evidenced by the increased use of compromised IoT devices in large scale bot networks (botnets) to launch distributed denial of service(DDoS) attacks against high value targets. Unsecured IoT systems can also provide entry points to private networks, allowing adversaries relatively easy access to valuable resources and services. Indeed, these evolving IoT threat vectors (ranging from brute force attacks to remote code execution exploits) are posing key challenges. Moreover, many traditional security mechanisms are not amenable for deployment on smaller resource-constrained IoT platforms. As a result, researchers have been developing a range of methods for IoT security, with many strategies using advanced machine learning(ML) techniques. Along these lines, this paper presents a novel generative adversarial network(GAN) solution to detect threats from malicious IoT devices both inside and outside a network. This model is trained using both benign IoT traffic and global darknet data and further evaluated in a testbed with real IoT devices and malware threats.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Determination of the crystal structure of the hydrobromide of 3-carbomethody-trans-3, 5-dimenthyl-D-pyrazoline by X-ray diffraction
Creators: name: Luth, Hartwig
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The hydrobromide of 3-carbomethoxy-trans-3, 5-dimethyl-Δ¹-pyrazoline, C₇H₁₃N₂O₂Br, crystallises in the monoclinic system with a = 8.28, b = 10.31, c = 13.92Å and β = 122.4°. The space group is P2₁/c and there are four molecules per unit cell, thus each molecule forms an asymmetric unit in the cell. The intensities of 580 reflections were estimated from films exposed to CuK α radiation. The structure determination was based on the heavy atom Patterson and Fourier methods and least squares refinement. The final discrepancy, R, for the 409 observed reflections is 0.116. The compound was found to contain a bromide ion and a cation with no double bond, with a trigonal C(5) atom, and a positive charge distributed between N(1) and C(5). The five-membered ring is non-planar with N(2) displaced 0.32 Å from the plane of the remaining four atoms, or N(1) and N(2) displaced above and below the plane of the three carbon atoms and the methyl group on C(5) lying almost on these planes. All other molecular dimensions are normal. The shortest intermolecular approach is a C(5)...O(3) distance of 2.76 Å, which results from the attraction between the positively-charged carbon and the relatively negative oxygen. The shortest approach involving a bromide ion is a Br⁻•••H-N(2) hydrogen bond of 3.22 Å; the next shortest approach is a Br⁻•••N(2) distance of 3.31 Å. The other intermolecular distances are normal.
Collectivization and Social Change in Communist Romania
Creators: name: Micu, Cornel
Publisher: name: Rural History Yearbook
Year: 2022

description: Der Prozess der Kollektivierung im kommunistischen Rumänien ist als reine Gewaltmaßnahme mit dem Ergebnis einer völligen Umwälzung des dörflichen Lebens nicht adäquat beschrieben. Im Vergleich zur Zwischenkriegszeit waren die physische Gewaltenwendung sowie administrative und fiskalische Zwänge, die auf die Bauern ausgeübt wurden, nicht exzeptionell. Die Einführung des Kollektiveigentums ließ den Bauern durchaus einige Verfügungsrechte bzgl. ihres Eigentums. Zusammen mit neuen Bildungs- und Mobilitätschancen hatte dies zur Folge, dass es zu einer erheblichen Elitenkontinuität über den Bruch 1945/48 gekommen ist. Während bei diesem Bruch die Bedeutung des Privateigentums zugunsten der Arbeitskraft und der Verfügung über Klientelnetzwerke abnahm, bedeute der Bruch von 1989/90 die ideologische Rehabilitierung des Privateigentums. Über die realen Verfügungsmöglichkeiten bzgl. des Bodeneigentums sind Klientelbeziehungen auch in der Gegenwart von großer Bedeutung.
description: Rural History Yearbook, Bd. 7 (2010): Transforming Rural Societies. Agrarian Property and Agrarianism in East Central Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
From antiferromagnetism to superconductivity in Fe 1+y(Te1-x,Sex) (0 < x < 0.20): a neutron powder diffraction analysis
Creators: name: Martinelli, A.
name: Palenzona, A.
name: Tropeano, M.
name: Ferdeghini, C.
name: Putti, M.
name: Cimberle, M. R.
name: Nguyen, T. D.
name: Affronte, M.
name: Ritter, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear and magnetic structure of Fe1+y(Te1-x,Sex) (0 < x < 0.20) compounds was analyzed between 2 K and 300 K by means of Rietveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data. Samples with x < 0.075 undergo a tetragonal to monoclinic phase transition at low temperature, whose critical temperature decreases with increasing Se content; this structural transition is strictly coupled to a long range antiferromagnetic ordering at the Fe site. Both the transition to a monoclinic phase and the long range antiferromagnetism are suppressed for 0.10 < x < 0.20. The onset of the structural and of the magnetic transition remains coincident with the increase of Se substitution. The low temperature monoclinic crystal structure has been revised. Superconductivity arises for x > 0.05, therefore a significant region where superconductivity and long range antiferromagnetism coexist is present in the pseudo-binary FeTe - FeSe phase diagram.
description: 33 pages, 4 tables, 13 figures
Inner radius and energy conditions of dark matter halos surrounding Schwarzschild black holes
Creators: name: Shen, Zibo
name: Wang, Anzhong
name: Yin, Shaoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a class of analytic models for a dark matter halo surrounding a Schwarzschild black hole sitting at the center of a galaxy, with a variable inner radius $r_{\text{in}}$ at which the density profile of the dark matter halo vanishes. We examine in detail how the three energy conditions are satisfied in such models. In particular, independent of concrete profile, we find that the three energy conditions are satisfied when $r_{\text{in}}\ge5M/2$, where $M$ denotes the mass of the black hole. This indicates it is crucial to include inner radius when discussing dark matter distributions. All our solutions expressed explicitly in closed form are particularly valuable for the studies of the gravitational waveforms of extreme/intermediate mass ratio inspirals and the nature of dark matter in galaxies.
description: 6 pages, no figures
Broadcasting in Prefix Space: P2P Data Dissemination with Predictable Performance
Creators: name: Wählisch, Matthias
name: Schmidt, Thomas C.
name: Wittenburg, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.1; C.2.2; C.2.4; C.4

description: A broadcast mode may augment peer-to-peer overlay networks with an efficient, scalable data replication function, but may also give rise to a virtual link layer in VPN-type solutions. We introduce a simple broadcasting mechanism that operates in the prefix space of distributed hash tables without signaling. This paper concentrates on the performance analysis of the prefix flooding scheme. Starting from simple models of recursive $k$-ary trees, we analytically derive distributions of hop counts and the replication load. Extensive simulation results are presented further on, based on an implementation within the OverSim framework. Comparisons are drawn to Scribe, taken as a general reference model for group communication according to the shared, rendezvous-point-centered distribution paradigm. The prefix flooding scheme thereby confirmed its widely predictable performance and consistently outperformed Scribe in all metrics. Reverse path selection in overlays is identified as a major cause of performance degradation.
description: final version for ICIW'09
Survey of economic implications of fast-growing tree plantations for Uttar Pradesh in India
Creators: name: Nautiyal, Jagdish Chandra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The state of Uttar Pradesh occupies about 9 per cent of the total geographical area of India, supports more than 16 per cent of its 440 million people, but has less than 6 per cent of the Indian forests. It is, in many ways, an underdeveloped part of a developing nation. There is a great potential for contributions of Uttar Pradesh to the economic development of India, by the expansion of the U. P. pulp and paper industry. Per capita consumption of paper and paper-board in India is expected to increase from about 1.3 Kg in 1965 to 6.2 Kg in 2000. If the production in the country increases as anticipated in this thesis, and if more raw materials are not made available, shortages of both long-fibred and short-fibred raw materials will begin to be felt strongly by about 1975 and will progressively increase. To reduce these shortages the Uttar Pradesh Forest Department is establishing plantations of fast-growing tree species. The Mysore hybrid eucalypt is being planted to provide short-fibred pulpwood and plantations of the bamboo (D endrocalamus strict us) will yield long-fibred pulp. Present plans of the U. P. Forestry Department have not paid enough attention to growing long-fibred material. The Department should concentrate mainly on the production of long-fibred material because much short-fibred material is available as sugar cane bagasse in the U. P. It also could be secured when needed if eucalypt and poplar plantings were made by farmers. Eucalypts, pines, poplars and bamboos have been discussed regarding their suitability for production of pulpwood in the forest areas of U. P. Greatest attention has been given here to eucalypts but it is concluded that pines and bamboos are the most desirable. The need for producing within India all of the pulp and paper required domestically has been considered more important than that for supplying paper and paper-board to Indian consumers at world prices. At present It appears as if the foreign exchange conserved by reducing pulp and paper imports can be more usefully spent in buying machinery, fertilizers, and technical knowledge. India can become self-sufficient in its paper and paper-board needs after 1980 only if enough long-fibred raw materials are produced. Therefore, major trials of potentially suitable, fast-growing, long-fibred species should be established soon. The paper industry in U. P. should continually strive to improve its technology and bring down its costs of production because in the long run it will have to become competitive in world markets. The U. P. Forest Department should not judge its efficiency solely by the size of net surplus created in a plantation program. It should also consider the potential contributions of its plantations in the growth of Indian industry and improvement of real national income. Intensive economic analyses of the problems discussed here should be undertaken to refine objectives for the long-term development of U. P.'s forest industry.
Quantum and light coherence simply explained in Quran
Creators: name: Aymen Labidi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Molecular Physics

description: As the Quantum theory of quantum physics tells us about the coherence of light and proposes a dual nature of light , meaning that the light can behave simultaneously as particles of waves. Light gives plants the energy they need to grow , but what happens if plants receive too much light ? But before the existence of specialized instruments that detect the fluorescent light emitted on planet earth from satellites in space or the discovery of the quantum theory that explains how it all works , the Quran actually addressed this issue in a fascinating verse
Pairing at a single Van Hove point
Creators: name: Ojajärvi, Risto
name: Chubukov, Andrey V.
name: Lee, Yueh-Chen
name: Garst, Markus
name: Schmalian, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that an interacting electronic system with a single ordinary or extended Van Hove point, which crosses the Fermi energy, is unstable against triplet superconductivity. The pairing mechanism is unconventional. There is no Cooper instability. Instead, pairing is due to the divergence of the density of states at a Van Hove point, leading to a superconducting quantum critical point at a finite detuning from the Van Hove point. The transition temperature is universally determined by the exponent governing the divergence of the density of states. Enhancing this exponent drastically increases $T_c$. The Cooper pair wave function has a non-monotonic momentum dependence with a steep slope near the gap nodes. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling, pairing fluctuations suppress a $2e$ spin-triplet state, but allow pairs of triplets to condense into a charge-$4e$ singlet state at a temperature of similar order as our result.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Statistics of thermal to shot noise crossover in chaotic cavities
Creators: name: Osipov, Vladimir Al.
name: Kanzieper, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently formulated integrable theory of quantum transport [Osipov and Kanzieper, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 176804 (2008); arXiv:0806.2784] is extended to describe sample-to-sample fluctuations of the noise power in chaotic cavities with broken time-reversal symmetry. Concentrating on the universal transport regime, we determine dependence of the noise power cumulants on the temperature, applied bias voltage, and the number of propagating modes in the leads. Intrinsic connection between statistics of thermal to shot noise crossover and statistics of Landauer conductance is revealed and briefly discussed.
description: significantly extended version (15 pages, 1 appendix); to appear in Journal of Physics A
Enhancing interventions for prevention of mother-to-child- transmission of hepatitis B virus
Creators: name: Matthews, Philippa C
name: Ocama, Ponsiano
name: Wang, Su
name: El-Sayed, Manal
name: Turkova, Anna
name: Ford, Deborah
name: Torimiro, Judith
name: Ferreira, Ana Cristina Garcia
name: Miranda, Angélica Espinosa
name: De La Hoz Restrepo, Fernando Pio
name: Seremba, Emmanuel
name: Mbu, Robinson
name: Pan, Calvin Q
name: Razavi, Homie
name: Dusheiko, Geoffrey
name: Spearman, C Wendy
name: Hamid, Saeed
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Genetics & Genomics
classificationCode: Infectious Disease
subject: Infectious Disease
classificationCode: Immunology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a cornerstone of efforts to support progress towards elimination of viral hepatitis. Current guidelines recommend maternal screening, antiviral therapy during the third trimester of high-risk pregnancies, universal and timely HBV birth dose vaccination, and post-exposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin for selected neonates. However, serological and molecular diagnostic testing, treatment and HBV vaccination are not consistently deployed, particularly in many high endemicity settings, and models predict that global targets for reduction in paediatric incidence will not be met by 2030.
In this article, we briefly summarise the evidence for current practice and use this as a basis to discuss areas in which prevention of mother-to-child transmission can potentially be enhanced. By reducing health inequities, enhancing pragmatic use of resources, filling data gaps, developing advocacy and education, and seeking consistent investment from multilateral agencies, significant advances can be made to further reduce vertical transmission events, with wide health, societal and economic benefits.
GESTÃO DE PARQUES MUNICIPAIS NO BRASIL DURANTE A COVID-19: UMA ABORDAGEM À LUZ DA JUSTIÇA AMBIENTAL
Creators: name: Kefalás, Leonardo Callori
name: Torres, Pedro Henrique Campello
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: The present research seeks to collaborate with studies in formation, with mixed methods and approaches that a critical social theory, justice and environmental racism for the specific debate and, as an illustrative case of inequalities in the territory, the management of urban parks in the country during a pandemic of COVID-19. The starting point is the understanding that the public management approach to green areas during the most critical period of the pandemic hit the most disadvantaged classes more heavily. From a methodological point of view, primary data from the Access to Information Law was collected to verify how Brazilian cities managed parks during this period. Results indicate that there was no strategy for the most vulnerable populations to benefit from the management practices implemented by the government during Sars-Cov-2.
Polynomials with factors of the form $(x^q-a)$ with roots modulo every integer
Creators: name: Mishra, Bhawesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A07, 11C08 Secondary 11B10

description: Given an odd prime $q$, a natural number $l$ and non-zero $q$-free integers $a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{l}$, none of which are equal to $1$ or $-1$, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the polynomial $\prod_{j=1}^{l} (x^{q} - a_{j})$ to have roots modulo every positive integer. Consequently: (i) if $l \leq q$ and none of $a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{l}$ is a perfect $q^{th}$ power, then the polynomial $\prod_{j=1}^{l} (x^{q} - a_{j})$ fails to have roots modulo some positive integer; $(ii)$ For every $l\in\mathbb{N}$, and every $(c_{j})_{j=1}^{l}\in\big(\mathbb{F}_{q}\setminus\{0\}\big)^{l}$, the polynomial $\prod_{j=1}^{l} (x^{q} - a_{j})$ has roots modulo every positive integer if and only if $\prod_{j=1}^{l} (x^{q} - \text{rad}_{q}\big(a_{j}^{c_{j}}\big)))$ has roots modulo every positive integer. Here $\text{rad}_{q}(a_{j})$ denotes the $q$-free part of the integer $a_{j}$.
description: Appeared online in Communications in Algebra
Is optimized restraint system for an occupant with obesity different than that for a normal BMI occupant?
Creators: name: Joodaki, Hamed
name: Gepner, Bronislaw
name: Lee, Sang-Hyun
name: Katagiri, Maika
name: Kim, Taewung
name: Kerrigan, Jason
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: To optimize the components of restraint systems for protecting obese (BMI = 35 kg/m2) and normal BMI (BMI = 25) human body models (HBMs) in frontal crash simulations, and to compare the two optimized designs. The Life Years Lost metric, which incorporates the risk of injury and long-term disability to different body regions, was used as the optimization objective function. Parametric simulations, sampled from a 15-parameter design space using the Latin Hypercube technique, were performed and metamodels of the HBM responses were developed. A genetic algorithm was applied to the metamodels to identify the optimized designs. While most of the restraint parameters between the optimized design for obese and normal BMI HBMs were similar, the main difference was that the restraint for the obese HBM included an under-the-seat airbag, which mitigated its lower extremity excursion, improved its torso kinematics, and decreased its lower extremity and lumbar spine injury risks. The optimized designs for both HBMs included an inflatable seat belt, which reduced the risk of thoracic injury. The design recommendations from this study should be considered to improve safety of occupants with obesity.
Distortion of the HBT images by meson clouds
Creators: name: Hattori, K.
name: Matsui, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of mesonic final state interactions on the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) intensity interferometry for mesons in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Modification of the one-body amplitude of emitted mesons while going through a cloud of other mesons is estimated in the semiclassical approximation with a mesonic optical potential which incorporates both coherent forward scattering with other mesons and the absorption due to the incoherent scattering in the meson clouds. We show how these effects results in the distortion of the HBT images.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
The Ubiquitous FET Lattice Model and Verification
Creators: name: Chen, Yixiong
name: Yang, Yang
name: Zhanyao Lei
name: Mingyuan Xia
name: Zhengwei Qi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ubiquitous FET lattice model (in JSON format), the unambiguity verification program in python (using the dk.brics.automaton Java package provided by Anders Møller via jpype), and the verification result (in plaintext, utf-8 encoding).
Detecting disparities in police deployments using dashcam data
Creators: name: Franchi, Matt
name: Zamfirescu-Pereira, J. D.
name: Ju, Wendy
name: Pierson, Emma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale policing data is vital for detecting inequity in police behavior and policing algorithms. However, one important type of policing data remains largely unavailable within the United States: aggregated police deployment data capturing which neighborhoods have the heaviest police presences. Here we show that disparities in police deployment levels can be quantified by detecting police vehicles in dashcam images of public street scenes. Using a dataset of 24,803,854 dashcam images from rideshare drivers in New York City, we find that police vehicles can be detected with high accuracy (average precision 0.82, AUC 0.99) and identify 233,596 images which contain police vehicles. There is substantial inequality across neighborhoods in police vehicle deployment levels. The neighborhood with the highest deployment levels has almost 20 times higher levels than the neighborhood with the lowest. Two strikingly different types of areas experience high police vehicle deployments - 1) dense, higher-income, commercial areas and 2) lower-income neighborhoods with higher proportions of Black and Hispanic residents. We discuss the implications of these disparities for policing equity and for algorithms trained on policing data.
description: To appear in ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) '23
Effects of non-driving related tasks on readiness to take over control in conditionally automated driving
Creators: name: Lin, Qing-feng
name: Lyu, Yang
name: Zhang, Ke-fei
name: Ma, Xiao-wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: At conditionally automated driving, the driver can temporarily engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, they must safely take over control when the automated driving system reaches its operation limit. Thus, understanding the effects of the NDRTs on driver take-over performance is essential. The present work investigates the effects of various NDRTs on motor readiness in take-over scenarios during conditionally automated driving. Three driving simulator studies were conducted. 48, 49, and 22 participants were recruited in three experiments, respectively. The participants were distracted by different NDRTs (everyday task in Experiment 1, arrow task in Experiment 2, and SuRT in Experiment 3) on a tablet mounted in the vehicle. The everyday task included reading the news and watching a video, and the arrow task included a set of arrow matrices presented to the participants in sequence. The time budgets in Experiment 1 included 3 s, 4 s, and 5 s, and the time budgets in Experiment 2 and 3 included 5 s and 7 s. A take-over request (TOR) warning was issued in the automated driving condition when the participants encountered a broken-down car in front. The participants must regain control of the vehicle with the given time budget. The hands-on time was evaluated, measuring the time from the TOR until the hands touch the steering wheel. The task (arrow task and SuRT), time budget (5 s and 7 s), and gender did not affect the hands-on time. However, the hands-on time for the drivers with the everyday task was significantly shorter than that for the drivers with the arrow task in the 5 s time budget. In conditionally automated driving, the arrow task and SuRT imposed a similar workload on readiness to take over control. Compared to the everyday task, the engagement in the arrow tasks consumed more workload on readiness to take over control.
Nano-wires with surface disorder: Giant localization lengths and dynamical tunneling in the presence of directed chaos
Creators: name: Feist, J.
name: Bäcker, A.
name: Ketzmerick, R.
name: Burgdörfer, J.
name: Rotter, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electron quantum transport through nano-wires with one-sided surface roughness in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. Exponentially diverging localization lengths are found in the quantum-to-classical crossover regime, controlled by tunneling between regular and chaotic regions of the underlying mixed classical phase space. We show that each regular mode possesses a well-defined mode-specific localization length. We present analytic estimates of these mode localization lengths which agree well with the numerical data. The coupling between regular and chaotic regions can be determined by varying the length of the wire leading to intricate structures in the transmission probabilities. We explain these structures quantitatively by dynamical tunneling in the presence of directed chaos.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Die Wahrnehmung der ostmitteleuropäischen Landreformen in Westeuropa 1918–1939
Creators: name: Dyroff, Stefan
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes
Year: 2022

description: Nearly all East Central European states provided land reforms in the interwar period and changed the ethno-demographic and social composition of their populations by forced expropriation and redistribution of agrarian land. This and the impact on state economy and the system of property to land led to a broad interest of the decision making elites in Western Europe. The author presents several cases of diplomatic interferences by Great Powers which led to special exceptions in the legal implementation of the reforms. The article also focuses on the political background of academic and newspaper publications in English, French, and German on this topic. Nearly all scholars presented partial views which were motivated by national or social perspectives on the reform process. They mainly referred to civilization and progress as points of reference. Therefore contemporary scholars should take more care when they underline their arguments with contemporary literature.
description: Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes, Bd. 7 (2010): Transforming Rural Societies. Agrarian Property and Agrarianism in East Central Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Quasiperiodic pairing in graphene quasicrystals
Creators: name: Ghadimi, Rasoul
name: Yang, Bohm-Jung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the superconducting instabilities of twisted bilayer graphene quasicrystals (TBGQC) obtained by stacking two monolayer graphene sheets with a $30^\circ$ relative twisting. The electronic energy spectrum of TBGQC contains periodic energy ranges (PER) and quasiperiodic energy ranges (QER), where the underlying local density of states (LDOS) exhibits periodic and quasiperiodic distribution, respectively. We found that superconductivity in the PER is a simple superposition of two monolayer superconductors. This is because, particularly near the charge neutrality point of TBGQC, the two layers are weekly coupled, leading to pairing instabilities with uniform distribution in real space. On the other hand, within QER, the inhomogeneous distribution of the LDOS enhances the superconducting instability with a non-uniform distribution of pairing amplitudes, leading to quasiperiodic superconductivity. Our study can qualitatively explain the superconductivity in recently discovered moiré quasicrystals, which show superconductivity in its QER.
description: This is a version before proof
Scaling of the superfluid density in severely underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+y
Creators: name: Homes, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent measurements on extremely-underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+y [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 237003 (2007)] have allowed the critical temperature (T_c), superfluid density [rho_0 (T << T_c)] and dc conductivity [sigma_dc (T ~ T_c)] to be determined for a series of electronic dopings for T_c ~ 3 - 17 K. The general scaling relation rho_0/8 ~ 4.4 sigma_dc T_c is observed, extending the validity of both the ab-plane and c-axis scaling an order of magnitude and creating a region of overlap. This suggests that severely underdoped materials may constitute a Josephson phase; as the electronic doping is increased a more uniform superconducting state emerges.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Contribution based author categorization to calculate author performance index
Creators: name: Rahman, Mohammad Tariqur
name: Regenstein, Joe Mac
name: Abu Kassim, Noor Lide
name: Karim, Muhammad Manjurul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Despite the widely used author contribution criteria, unethical authorship practices such as guest, ghost, and honorary authorship remain largely unsolved. We have identified six major reasons by analyzing 78 published papers addressing unethical authorship practice. Those are lack of: (i) awareness about and (ii) compliance with authorship criteria, (iii) universal definition and scope for determining authorship, (iv) common mechanisms for positioning an author in the list, (v) quantitative measures of intellectual contribution; and (vi) pressure to publish. As a measure to control unethical practice, we have evaluated the possibility to adopt an author categorization scheme – proposed according to the common understanding of how first-, co-, principal-, or corresponding- author is perceived. Based on an online opinion survey, the scheme was supported by ~80% of the respondents (n=370). The impact of the proposed categorization was then evaluated using a novel mathematical tool to measure “Author Performance Index (API)” that can be higher for those who might have authored more papers as primary and/or principal authors than those as coauthors. Hence, if adopted, the proposed author categorization scheme together with the API would provide a better way to evaluate the credit of an individual as a primary and principal author.