cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Evaluation of Upwelling Infrared Radiance in a Nonhomogeneous Nonequilibrium Atmosphere
Creators: name: Subramanian, Sundaresa Venkata
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1976

description: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of vibrational nonequilibrium upon upwelling infrared radiance from the earth's atmosphere. Basic equations are presented for calculating the atmospheric transmittance, heating rates, and equilibrium and nonequilibrium upwelling radiances. By employing the Lorentz line-by-line model for spectral absorption, heating rates and upwelling radiances were calculated for equilibrium as well ·as nonequilibrium conditions in the spectral range of 4.6 μ CO and 3.3 μ 'CH4 bands. For the spectral range of CO fundamental band, the influence of different 1~arameters on the upwelling radiance was also investigated. The results indicate that for CO the assumption of LTE is not justified at tropospheric pressures and temperatures. For CH4 , however, the assumption is justified up to 60 kilometers. This information is very useful in developing an accurate data reduction scheme for the measurement of CO and CH4 concentrations in the atmosphere.
Predicting Electricity Infrastructure Induced Wildfire Risk in California
Creators: name: Yao, Mengqi
name: Bharadwaj, Meghana
name: Zhang, Zheng
name: Jin, Baihong
name: Callaway, Duncan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper examines the use of risk models to predict the timing and location of wildfires caused by electricity infrastructure. Our data include historical ignition and wire-down points triggered by grid infrastructure collected between 2015 to 2019 in Pacific Gas & Electricity territory along with various weather, vegetation, and very high resolution data on grid infrastructure including location, age, materials. With these data we explore a range of machine learning methods and strategies to manage training data imbalance. The best area under the receiver operating characteristic we obtain is 0.776 for distribution feeder ignitions and 0.824 for transmission line wire-down events, both using the histogram-based gradient boosting tree algorithm (HGB) with under-sampling. We then use these models to identify which information provides the most predictive value. After line length, we find that weather and vegetation features dominate the list of top important features for ignition or wire-down risk. Distribution ignition models show more dependence on slow-varying vegetation variables such as burn index, energy release content, and tree height, whereas transmission wire-down models rely more on primary weather variables such as wind speed and precipitation. These results point to the importance of improved vegetation modeling for feeder ignition risk models, and improved weather forecasting for transmission wire-down models. We observe that infrastructure features make small but meaningful improvements to risk model predictive power.
Data for: Considering the influence of coronary motion on artery-specific biomechanics using fluid-structure interaction simulation
Creators: name: Fogell, N. A. T.
name: Patel, M.
name: de Silva, R.
name: Krams, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fluid-Structure Interaction
Coronary Bending
Coronary biomechanics
Shear stress

description: A set of Abaqus simulation input files for three different analysis types of a porcine Left Anterior Descending artery: rigid-wall Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) without-bending, and FSI with-bending. The models are suitable for running in Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/CFD v6.14.
 The results for which are presented in: Fogell, N. A. T., et al, "Considering the influence of coronary motion on artery-specific biomechanics using fluid-structure interaction simulation", in Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023.
Collinear swimmer propelling a cargo sphere at low Reynolds number
Creators: name: Felderhof, B. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The swimming velocity and rate of dissipation of a linear chain consisting of two or three little spheres and a big sphere is studied on the basis of low Reynolds number hydrodynamics. The big sphere is treated as a passive cargo, driven by the tail of little spheres via hydrodynamic and direct elastic interaction. The fundamental solution of Stokes' equations in the presence of a sphere with no-slip boundary condition, as derived by Oseen, is used to model the hydrodynamic interactions between the big sphere and the little spheres.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Prediction of hypertension by different anthropometric indices in adults: the change in estimate approach
Creators: name: Tuan, Nguyen T
name: Stevens, June
name: Adair, Linda S
name: Popkin, Barry M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To examine the relative contribution for the prediction of hypertension by waist circumference (WC), waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) to that by body mass index (BMI) to ascertain if WC, WSR, or WHR enhances the prediction of hypertension by BMI.
Residual amplitude modulation at the $10^{-7}$ level for ultra-stable lasers
Creators: name: Gillot, Jonathan
name: Tetsing-Talla, Santerelli Falzon
name: Denis, Séverine
name: Goavec-Merou, Gwenhaël
name: Millo, Jacques
name: Lacroûte, Clément
name: Kersalé, Yann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stabilization of lasers on ultra-stable optical cavities by the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique is a widely used method. The PDH method relies on the phase-modulation of the laser, which is usually performed by an electro-optic modulator (EOM). When approaching the $10^{-16}$ level, this technology requires an active control of the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) generated by the EOM in order to bring the frequency stability of the laser down to the thermal noise limit of the ultra-stable cavity. In this article, we report on the development of an active system of RAM reduction based on a free space EOM, which is used to perform PDH-stabilization of a laser on a cryogenic silicon cavity. A RAM stability of $1.4 \times 10^{-7}$ is obtained by employing a digital servo that stabilizes the EOM DC electric field, the crystal temperature and the laser power. Considering an ultra-stable cavity with a finesse of $2.5\times 10^5$, this RAM level would contribute to the fractional frequency instability at the level of about $5\times 10^{-19}$, well below the state of the art thermal noise limit of a few $ 10^{-17}$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Exhaustive measurement of food items in the home using a universal product code scanner
Creators: name: Bentley, Margaret E
name: Wang, Lily
name: Stevens, June
name: Borja, Judith
name: Bryant, Maria
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We aimed to develop, test and describe the Exhaustive Home Food Inventory (EHFI), which measures foods in the home using scanning of the universal product code (UPC) and EHFI software to link codes to food identities and energy values.
Radio-Gamma-ray connection and spectral evolution in 4C +49.22 (S4 1150+49): the Fermi, Swift and Planck view
Creators: name: Cutini, S.
name: Ciprini, S.
name: Orienti, M.
name: Tramacere, A.
name: D'Ammando, F.
name: Verrecchia, F.
name: Polenta, G.
name: Carrasco, L.
name: D'Elia, V.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.
name: Grandi, P.
name: Harrison, D.
name: Hays, E.
name: Hoversten, E.
name: Larsson, S.
name: Lahteenmaki, A.
name: Leon-Tavares, J.
name: Lopez-Caniego, M.
name: Natoli, P.
name: Ojha, R.
name: Partridge, B.
name: Porras, A.
name: Reyes, L.
name: Recillas, E.
name: Torresi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected a strong gamma-ray flare on 2011 May 15 from a source identified as 4C 49.22, a flat spectrum radio quasar also known as S4 1150+49. This blazar, characterised by a prominent radio-optical-X-ray jet, was in a low gamma-ray activity state during the first years of Fermi observations. Simultaneous observations during the quiescent, outburst and post-flare gamma-ray states were obtained by Swift, Planck and optical-IR-radio telescopes (INAOE, Catalina CSS, VLBA, Metsahovi). The flare is observed from microwave to X-ray bands with correlated variability and the Fermi, Swift and Planck data for this FSRQ show some features more typical of BL Lac objects, like the synchrotron peak in the optical band that outshines the thermal blue-bump emission, and the X-ray spectral softening. Multi-epoch VLBA observations show the ejection of a new component close in time with the GeV gamma-ray flare. The radio-to-gamma-ray spectral energy distribution is modeled and fitted successfully for the outburst and the post-flare epochs using either a single flaring blob with two emission processes (synchrotron self Compton, and external-radiation Compton), and a two-zone model with SSC-only mechanism.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures and 12 tables and accepted by MNRAS
Metric approach to a $\mathrm{T}\bar{\mathrm{T}}-$like deformation in arbitrary dimensions
Creators: name: Conti, Riccardo
name: Romano, Jacopo
name: Tateo, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a one-parameter family of composite fields -- bi-linear in the components of the stress-energy tensor -- which generalise the $\mathrm{T}\bar{\mathrm{T}}$ operator to arbitrary space-time dimension $d\geq 2$. We show that they induce a deformation of the classical action which is equivalent -- at the level of the dynamics -- to a field-dependent modification of the background metric tensor according to a specific flow equation. Even though the starting point is the flat space, the deformed metric is generally curved for any $d>2$, thus implying that the corresponding deformation can not be interpreted as a coordinate transformation. The central part of the paper is devoted to the development of a recursive algorithm to compute the coefficients of the power series expansion of the solution to the metric flow equation. We show that, under some quite restrictive assumptions on the stress-energy tensor, the power series yields an exact solution. Finally, we consider a class of theories in $d=4$ whose stress-energy tensor fulfils the assumptions above mentioned, namely the family of abelian gauge theories in $d=4$. For such theories, we obtain the exact expression of the deformed metric and the vierbein. In particular, the latter result implies that ModMax theory in a specific curved space is dynamically equivalent to its Born-Infeld-like extension in flat space. We also discuss a dimensional reduction of the latter theories from $d=4$ to $d=2$ in which an interesting marginal deformation of $d=2$ field theories emerges.
description: V3: 23 pages, one-parameter extension of the previous results in section 2; new results in section 3; references and a note added
Supplementary Material for Russell et alWnt signaling regulates ion channel expression to promote smooth muscle and cartilage formation in developing mouse trachea
Creators: name: Russell, Nicholas
name: Burra, Kaulini
name: Shah, Ronak
name: Bottasso-Arias, Natalia
name: Mohanakrishnan, Megha
name: Snowball, John
name: Madala, Satish
name: Ediga, Harshavardhana H.
name: Sinner, Debora
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310505
subject: Gene expression (incl. microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
classificationCode: 310503
subject: Developmental genetics (incl. sex determination)

description: Ion channels play critical roles in the physiology and function of the nervous system and contractile tissue; however, their role in non-contractile tissue and embryonic development has yet to be understood. Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and complete tracheal rings (CTR) are disorders affecting the muscle and cartilage of the trachea and bronchi, whose etiology remains poorly understood. We demonstrated that trachealis muscle organization and polarity are disrupted after epithelial ablation of Wls, a cargo receptor critical for the Wnt signaling pathway, in developing trachea. The phenotype resembles the anomalous trachealis muscle observed after deletion of ion channel encoding genes in developing mouse trachea. We sought to investigate whether and how the deletion of Wls affects ion channels during tracheal development. We hypothesize that Wnt signaling influences the expression of ion channels to promote trachealis muscle cell assembly and patterning. Deleting Wls in developing trachea causes differential regulation of genes mediating actin binding, cytoskeleton organization, and potassium ion channel activity. Wnt signaling regulated expression of Kcnj13, Kcnd3, Kcnj8, and Abcc9 as demonstrated by in vitro studies and in vivo analysis in Wnt5a and b-catenin deficient tracheas. Pharmacological inhibition of potassium ion channels and Wnt signaling impaired contractility of developing trachealis smooth muscle and formation of cartilaginous mesenchymal condensation. Thus, in mice, epithelial-induced Wnt/b-catenin signaling mediates trachealis muscle and cartilage development via modulation of ion channel expression, promoting trachealis muscle architecture, contractility, and cartilaginous extracellular matrix. In turn, ion channel activity may influence tracheal morphogenesis underlying TBM and CTR.
On Maximum Enstrophy Dissipation in 2D Navier-Stokes Flows in the Limit of Vanishing Viscosity
Creators: name: Matharu, Pritpal
name: Yoneda, Tsuyoshi
name: Protas, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider enstrophy dissipation in two-dimensional (2D) Navier-Stokes flows and focus on how this quantity behaves in thelimit of vanishing viscosity. After recalling a number of a priori estimates providing lower and upper bounds on this quantity, we state an optimization problem aimed at probing the sharpness of these estimates as functions of viscosity. More precisely, solutions of this problem are the initial conditions with fixed palinstrophy and possessing the property that the resulting 2D Navier-Stokes flows locally maximize the enstrophy dissipation over a given time window. This problem is solved numerically with an adjoint-based gradient ascent method and solutions obtained for a broad range of viscosities and lengths of the time window reveal the presence of multiple branches of local maximizers, each associated with a distinct mechanism for the amplification of palinstrophy. The dependence of the maximum enstrophy dissipation on viscosity is shown to be in quantitative agreement with the estimate due to Ciampa, Crippa & Spirito (2021), demonstrating the sharpness of this bound.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Associations between access to farmers’ markets and supermarkets, shopping patterns, fruit and vegetable consumption and health indicators among women of reproductive age in eastern North Carolina, USA
Creators: name: Ammerman, Alice S
name: Keyserling, Thomas C
name: McGuirt, Jared T
name: Jilcott Pitts, Stephanie B
name: Wu, Qiang
name: Crawford, Thomas W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We examined associations between access to food venues (farmers’ markets and supermarkets), shopping patterns, fruit and vegetable consumption and health indicators among women of reproductive age in eastern North Carolina, USA.
Dynamics of parametric fluctuations induced by quasiparticle tunneling in superconducting flux qubits
Creators: name: Bal, M.
name: Ansari, M. H.
name: Orgiazzi, J. -L.
name: Lutchyn, R. M.
name: Lupascu, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experiments on the dynamics of a two-state parametric fluctuator in a superconducting flux qubit. In spectroscopic measurements, the fluctuator manifests itself as a doublet line. When the qubit is excited in resonance with one of the two doublet lines, the correlation of readout results exhibits an exponential time decay which provides a measure of the fluctuator transition rate. The rate increases with temperature in the interval 40 to 158 mK. Based on the magnitude of the transition rate and the doublet line splitting we conclude that the fluctuation is induced by quasiparticle tunneling. These results demonstrate the importance of considering quasiparticles as a source of decoherence in flux qubits.
description: 12 pages, including supplementary information
Bellulia Wang & Zhou & Zhou 2016, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Wang, Min
name: Zhou, Zhonghe
name: Zhou, Shuang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Bellulia

description: Bellulia GEN. NOV.
Etymology: Genus name derives from the Latin term ‘ bellul ’ (beautiful), in reference to the preserved posture of the specimen that fully outstretched its wings and legs, mimicking a dancer.
Type species: Bellulia rectusunguis sp. nov.
Diagnosis: As for the type and only species.
description: Published as part of Wang, Min, Zhou, Zhonghe & Zhou, Shuang, 2016, A new basal ornithuromorph bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of China with implication for morphology of early Ornithuromorpha, pp. 207-223 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (1) on page 208, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12302, http://zenodo.org/record/5353909
Efficacy of a store-based environmental change intervention compared with a delayed treatment control condition on store customers’ intake of fruits and vegetables
Creators: name: Ji, Ming
name: Ayala, Guadalupe X
name: Baquero, Barbara
name: Laraia, Barbara A
name: Linnan, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The present store-based intervention was designed to promote sales of fruits and vegetables (F&V) to increase intake among store customers – specifically customers of tiendas, small-to-medium-sized Latino food stores.
Sources of excessive saturated fat, trans fat and sugar consumption in Brazil: an analysis of the first Brazilian nationwide individual dietary survey
Creators: name: Duffey, Kiyah J
name: Popkin, Barry M
name: Sichieri, Rosely
name: Pereira, Rosangela A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: To examine the patterns of consumption of foods high in Solid Fats and Added Sugars (SoFAS) in Brazil.
Inertial magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Lingam, M.
name: Morrison, P. J.
name: Tassi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A version of extended magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) that incorporates electron inertia is obtained by constructing an action principle. Unlike MHD which freezes in magnetic flux, the present theory freezes in an alternative flux related to the electron canonical momentum. The associated Hamiltonian formulation is derived and reduced models that have previously been used to describe collisionless reconnection are obtained.
description: 8 pages
Extension of the Morris-Shore transformation to arbitrary time-dependent driving fields
Creators: name: Zlatanov, K. N.
name: Rangelov, A. A.
name: Vitanov, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The treatment of time-dependent dynamics of quantum systems involving multiple states poses considerable technical challenges. One of the most efficient approaches in treating such systems is the Morris-Shore (MS) transformation which decomposes the multistate dynamics to a set of independent systems of simpler interaction pattern and uncoupled spectator states. The standard MS transformation imposes restrictions on the time dependence of the external fields addressing the states, as it requires that both Rabi frequencies have the same time profile. In this work we treat the case of the time-dependent MS transformation, which opens prospects for a variety of physically interesting processes wherein the fields may have different time dependences. We explore the adiabatic and the double-adiabatic limit, in which we demonstrate population transfer between the MS states that results in population transfer from one set of states onto another. We demonstrate the generation of superposition states between the MS states by the techniques of half adiabatic passage and fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, which translate to superpositions of all the states of the involved levels.
Acceptability and feasibility of smartphone-assisted 24 h recalls in the Chinese population
Creators: name: Hua, Jenna
name: Zhu, Zhenni
name: Smith, Lindsey P
name: Zou, Shurong
name: Huang, Cuihua
name: Seto, Edmund
name: Ma, Jianhong
name: Song, Jun
name: Yao, Chunxia
name: Du, Shufa
name: Zang, Jiajie
name: Popkin, Barry M
name: Wang, Zhengyuan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Objective To examine the acceptability and feasibility of using smartphone technology to assess beverage intake and evaluate whether the feasibility of smartphone use is greater among key sub-populations. Design An acceptability and feasibility study of recording the video dietary record, the acceptability of the ecological momentary assessment (EMA), wearing smartphones and whether the videos helped participants recall intake after a cross-over validation study. Setting Rural and urban area in Shanghai, China. Subjects Healthy adults ( n 110) aged 20–40 years old. Results Most participants reported that the phone was acceptable in most aspects, including that videos were easy to use (70 %), helped with recalls (77 %), EMA reminders helped them record intake (75 %) and apps were easy to understand (85 %). However, 49 % of the participants reported that they had trouble remembering to take videos of the beverages before consumption or 46 % felt embarrassed taking videos in front of others. Moreover, 72 % reported that the EMA reminders affected their consumption. When assessing overall acceptability of using smartphones, 72 % of the participants were favourable responders. There were no statistically significant differences in overall acceptability for overweight v. normal-weight participants or for rural v. urban residents. However, we did find that the overall acceptability was higher for males (81 %) than females (61 %, P =0·017). Conclusions Our study did not find smartphone technology helped with dietary assessments in a Chinese population. However, simpler approaches, such as using photographs instead of videos, may be more feasible for enhancing 24 h dietary recalls.
A new third planet and the dynamical architecture of the HD33142 planetary system
Creators: name: Trifonov, Trifon
name: Wollbold, Anna
name: Kürster, Martin
name: Eberhardt, Jan
name: Stock, Stephan
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Reffert, Sabine
name: Butler, R. Paul
name: Vogt, Steven S.
name: Reiners, Ansgar
name: Lee, Man Hoi
name: Bitsch, Bertram
name: Zechmeister, Mathias
name: Rodler, Florian
name: Perdelwitz, Volker
name: Tal-Or, Lev
name: Rybizki, Jan
name: Heeren, Paul
name: Gandolfi, Davide
name: Barragán, Oscar
name: Zakhozhay, Olga
name: Sarkis, Paula
name: Pinto, Marcelo Tala
name: Kossakowski, Diana
name: Wolthoff, Vera
name: Brems, Stefan S.
name: Passegger, Vera Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on recently-taken and archival HARPS, FEROS and HIRES radial velocities (RVs), we present evidence for a new planet orbiting the first ascent red giant star HD33142 (with an improved mass estimate of 1.52$\pm$0.03 M$_\odot$), already known to host two planets. We confirm the Jovian mass planets HD33142 b and c with periods of $P_{\rm b}$ = 330.0$_{-0.4}^{+0.4}$ d and $P_{\rm c}$ = 810.2$_{-4.2}^{+3.8}$ d and minimum dynamical masses of $m_{\rm b}\sin{i}$ = 1.26$_{-0.05}^{+0.05}$ M$_{\rm Jup}$ and $m_{\rm c}\sin{i}$ = 0.89$_{-0.05}^{+0.06}$ M$_{\rm Jup}$. Furthermore, our periodogram analysis of the precise RVs shows strong evidence for a short-period Doppler signal in the residuals of a two-planet Keplerian fit, which we interpret as a third, Saturn-mass planet with $m_\mathrm{d}\sin{i}$ = 0.20$_{-0.03}^{+0.02}$ M$_{\rm Jup}$ on a close-in orbit with an orbital period of $P_{\rm d}$ =89.9$_{-0.1}^{+0.1}$ d. We study the dynamical behavior of the three-planet system configurations with an N-body integration scheme, finding it long-term stable with the planets alternating between low and moderate eccentricities episodes. We also performed N-body simulations, including stellar evolution and second-order dynamical effects such as planet-stellar tides and stellar mass-loss on the way to the white dwarf phase. We find that planets HD33142 b, c and d are likely to be engulfed near the tip of the red giant branch phase due to tidal migration. These results make the HD33142 system an essential benchmark for the planet population statistics of the multiple-planet systems found around evolved stars.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ
Spectral analysis of structure functions and their scaling exponents in forced isotropic turbulence
Creators: name: McComb, W. D.
name: Yoffe, S. R.
name: Linkmann, M. F.
name: Berera, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pseudospectral method, in conjunction with a new technique for obtaining scaling exponents $ζ_n$ from the structure functions $S_n(r)$, is presented as an alternative to the extended self-similarity (ESS) method and the use of generalized structure functions. We propose plotting the ratio $|S_n(r)/S_3(r)|$ against the separation $r$ in accordance with a standard technique for analysing experimental data. This method differs from the ESS technique, which plots $S_n(r)$ against $S_3(r)$, with the assumption $S_3(r) \sim r$. Using our method for the particular case of $S_2(r)$ we obtain the new result that the exponent $ζ_2$ decreases as the Taylor-Reynolds number increases, with $ζ_2 \to 0.679 \pm 0.013$ as $R_λ \to \infty$. This supports the idea of finite-viscosity corrections to the K41 prediction for $S_2$, and is the opposite of the result obtained by ESS. The pseudospectral method also permits the forcing to be taken into account exactly through the calculation of the energy input in real space from the work spectrum of the stirring forces.
description: 31 pages including appendices, 10 figures
Bellulia rectusunguis Wang & Zhou & Zhou 2016, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Wang, Min
name: Zhou, Zhonghe
name: Zhou, Shuang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Insecta
Bellulia
Bellulia rectusunguis

description: Bellulia rectusunguis SP. NOV.
Holotype: IVPP V17970, a nearly complete and articulated skeleton with an aggregate of gastroliths in the abdominal region and feather traces preserved in a single slab, missing the skull (Figs 1, 2; Table 1).
Etymology: Species name is derived from the Latin words ‘rectus’ (straight) and ‘unguis’ (claw), referring to the barely curved manual claws characterizing this taxon.
Locality and horizon: Jianchang County, Liaoning Province, northeastern China; Lower Cretaceous, Jiufotang Formation (He et al., 2004).
Diagnosis: A large basal ornithuromorph bird that can be distinguished from other ornithuromorphs by the unique combination of the following features: V-shaped furcula with a short hypocleidium; sternum bearing elongated lateral trabecula with fan-shaped distal expansion; broad cranial margin of sternum with obtuse angle defined by coracoidal sulci of 113°; manual claws nearly straight; proximal ends of metatarsals II– IV coplanar; metatarsal IV robust (autapomorphy); hallucal ungual reduced; and intermebral index (humerus + ulna + carpometacarpus/
femur + tibiotarsus + tarsometatarsus) of 1.21.
description: Published as part of Wang, Min, Zhou, Zhonghe & Zhou, Shuang, 2016, A new basal ornithuromorph bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of China with implication for morphology of early Ornithuromorpha, pp. 207-223 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (1) on pages 208-209, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12302, http://zenodo.org/record/5353909
Beverage consumption in Brazil: results from the first National Dietary Survey
Creators: name: Pereira, Rosangela A
name: Sichieri, Rosely
name: Souza, Amanda M
name: Duffey, Kiyah J
name: Popkin, Barry M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Objective To provide an overview of beverage consumption patterns using the first nationally representative survey of dietary intake in Brazil. Design Beverage consumption data were obtained by 1 d food records in an individual dietary survey. Setting Nationwide cross-sectional survey, 2008–2009. Subjects Nationally representative sample of individuals aged ≥10 years ( n 34 003). Results Beverages contributed 17·1 % of total energy consumption. Caloric coffee beverages provided the greatest level of energy overall (464 kJ (111 kcal)/d). Individuals aged 10–18 years (243 kJ (58 kcal)/d) and 19–39 years (230 kJ (55 kcal)/d) consumed a higher proportion of energy from sugar-sweetened soft drinks than individuals over this age (142 kJ (34 kcal)/d for those aged 40–59 years and 79 kJ (19 kcal)/d for those aged ≥60 years). Conclusions Overall, the contribution of beverages, particularly sugary beverages, to total energy consumption in Brazil represents an important public health challenge and is comparable with those from other countries.
Boundedness of large-time solutions to a chemotaxis model with nonlocal and semilinear flux
Creators: name: Burczak, Jan
name: Granero-Belinchón, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35455, 35B41, 92C17

description: A semilinear version of parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system with the \emph{critical} nonlocal diffusion is considered in one space dimension. We show boundedness of weak solutions under very general conditions on our semilinearity. It can degenerate, but has to provide a stronger dissipation for large values of a solution than in the critical linear case or we need to assume certain (explicit) data smallness. Moreover, when one considers a logistic term with a parameter $r$, we obtain our results even for diffusions slightly weaker than the critical linear one and for arbitrarily large initial datum, provided $r >1$. For a mild logistic dampening, we can improve the smallness condition on the initial datum up to $\sim \frac{1}{1-r}$.
Field validation of food outlet databases: the Latino food environment in North Carolina, USA
Creators: name: Rummo, Pasquale E
name: Albrecht, Sandra S
name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: OBJECTIVE: Obtaining valid, reliable measures of food environments that serve Latino communities is important for understanding barriers to healthy eating in this at-risk population.

DESIGN: The primary aim of the study was to examine agreement between retail food outlet data from two commercial databases, Nielsen TDLinx (TDLinx) for food stores and Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) for food stores and restaurants, relative to field observations of food stores and restaurants in thirty-one census tracts in Durham County, NC, USA. We also examined differences by proportion of Hispanic population (</≥23·4 % Hispanic population) in the census tract and for outlets classified in the field as 'Latino' on the basis of signage and use of Spanish language.

SETTING: One hundred and seventy-four food stores and 337 restaurants in Durham County, NC, USA.

RESULTS: We found that overall sensitivity of food store listings in TDLinx was higher (64 %) than listings in D&B (55 %). Twenty-five food stores were characterized by auditors as Latino food stores, with 20 % identified in TDLinx, 52 % in D&B and 56 % in both sources. Overall sensitivity of restaurants (68 %) was higher than sensitivity of Latino restaurants (38 %) listed in D&B. Sensitivity did not differ substantially by Hispanic composition of neighbourhoods.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that while TDLinx and D&B commercial data sources perform well for total food stores, they perform less well in identifying small and independent food outlets, including many Latino food stores and restaurants.
Analytic normalization of analytically integrable differential systems near a periodic orbit
Creators: name: Wu, Kesheng
name: Zhang, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A34, 34C20, 34C41, 37G05

description: For an analytic differential system in $\mathbb R^n$ with a periodic orbit, we will prove that if the system is analytically integrable around the periodic orbit, i.e. it has $n-1$ functionally independent analytic first integrals defined in a neighborhood of the periodic orbit, then the system is analytically equivalent to its Poincaré--Dulac type normal form. This result is an extension for analytic integrable differential systems around a singularity to the ones around a periodic orbit.
description: 18. Journal of Differential Equations, 2014
How we eat what we eat: identifying meal routines and practices most strongly associated with healthy and unhealthy dietary factors among young adults
Creators: name: Lust, Katherine
name: Story, Mary
name: Lytle, Leslie A
name: Laska, Melissa N
name: Hearst, Mary O
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Objective (i) To examine associations between young adults’ meal routines and practices (e.g. food preparation, meal skipping, eating on the run) and key dietary indicators (fruit/vegetable, fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage intakes) and (ii) to develop indices of protective and risky meal practices most strongly associated with diet. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota (USA). Subjects A diverse sample of community college and public university students ( n 1013). Results Meal routines and practices most strongly associated with healthy dietary patterns were related to home food preparation (i.e. preparing meals at home, preparing meals with vegetables) and meal regularity (i.e. routine consumption of evening meals and breakfast). In contrast, factors most strongly associated with poor dietary patterns included eating on the run, using media while eating and purchasing foods/beverages on campus. A Protective Factors Index, summing selected protective meal routines and practices, was positively associated with fruit/vegetable consumption and negatively associated with fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption ( P <0·001). A Risky Factors Index yielded significant, positive associations with fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption ( P <0·001). The probability test for the association between the Risky Factors Index and fruit/vegetable intake was P= 0·05. Conclusions Meal routines and practices were significantly associated with young adults’ dietary patterns, suggesting that ways in which individuals structure mealtimes and contextual characteristics of eating likely influence food choice. Thus, in addition to considering specific food choices, it also may be important to consider the context of mealtimes in developing dietary messaging and guidelines.
Feministische Theologie
Creators: name: Rösener, Christiane
name: Merz, Annette
name: Köser, Silke Christiane
name: Wehn, Beate
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 36 Nr. 2 (2000): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 36, Heft 2
Introducing Open Government Data Ecosystems: Opportunities and Challenges
Creators: name: Birger Larsen
name: Magnussen, Rikke
name: López Reyes, María Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open government data
open data ecosystems

description: As our societies advance through what is known as the fourth industrial revolution, the amount of published open government data has escalated over the past few decades, as it is considered a critical driver of competitiveness and a catalyst for solving social and sustainability challenges. Combining different sectors and perspectives, the project 'Towards a sustainable Open Data ECOsystem' (ODECO) aims to address the central challenges of realising a user-driven, circular, inclusive, open data ecosystem. Understanding open government data from an ecosystem perspective can help identify opportunities and challenges to unleash its potential. We invite interested parties to take part in the project.
Photodissociation and chemistry of N$_2$ in the circumstellar envelope of carbon-rich AGB stars
Creators: name: Li, Xiaohu
name: Millar, T. J.
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Heays, Alan N.
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The envelopes of AGB stars are irradiated externally by ultraviolet photons; hence, the chemistry is sensitive to the photodissociation of N$_2$ and CO, which are major reservoirs of nitrogen and carbon, respectively. The photodissociation of N$_2$ has recently been quantified by laboratory and theoretical studies. Improvements have also been made for CO photodissociation. For the first time, we use accurate N$_2$ and CO photodissociation rates and shielding functions in a model of the circumstellar envelope of the carbon-rich AGB star, IRC +10216. We use a state-of-the-art chemical model of an AGB envelope, the latest CO and N$_2$ photodissociation data, and a new method for implementing molecular shielding functions in full spherical geometry with isotropic incident radiation. We compare computed column densities and radial distributions of molecules with observations. The transition of N$_2$ $\to$ N (also, CO $\to$ C $\to$ C$^+$) is shifted towards the outer envelope relative to previous models. This leads to different column densities and radial distributions of N-bearing species, especially those species whose formation/destruction processes largely depend on the availability of atomic or molecular nitrogen, for example, C$_n$N ($n$=1, 3, 5), C$_n$N$^-$ ($n$=1, 3, 5), HC$_n$N ($n$=1, 3, 5, 7, 9), H$_2$CN and CH$_2$CN. The chemistry of many species is directly or indirectly affected by the photodissociation of N$_2$ and CO, especially in the outer shell of AGB stars where photodissociation is important. Thus, it is important to include N$_2$ and CO shielding in astrochemical models of AGB envelopes and other irradiated environments. In general, while differences remain between our model of IRC +10216 and the observed molecular column densities, better agreement is found between the calculated and observed radii of peak abundance.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The missing radial velocities of Gaia: blind predictions for DR3
Creators: name: Naik, Aneesh
name: Widmark, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While Gaia has observed the phase space coordinates of over a billion stars in the Galaxy, in the overwhelming majority of cases it has only obtained five of the six coordinates, the missing dimension being the radial (line-of-sight) velocity. Using a realistic mock dataset, we show that Bayesian neural networks are highly capable of 'learning' these radial velocities as a function of the other five coordinates, and thus filling in the gaps. For a given star, the network outputs are not merely point predictions, but full posterior distributions encompassing the intrinsic scatter of the stellar phase space distribution, the observational uncertainties on the network inputs, and any 'epistemic' uncertainty stemming from our ignorance about the stellar phase space distribution. Applying this technique to the real Gaia data, we generate and publish a catalogue of posteriors (median width: 25 km/s) for the radial velocities of 16 million Gaia DR2/EDR3 stars in the magnitude range 6
description: Updated to match version accepted by MNRAS. Radial velocity prediction catalogues available at https://dx.doi.org/10.17639/nott.7216
Relative validity and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire in youth with type 1 diabetes
Creators: name: Liese, Angela D
name: Tooze, Janet A
name: Crandell, Jamie L
name: Merchant, Anwar T
name: Bell, Ronny A
name: Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J
name: Couch, Sarah C
name: Fangman, Mary T
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: To evaluate the relative validity and reliability of the SEARCH food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that was modified from the Block Kids Questionnaire.
Self-avoiding worm-like chain model for dsDNA loop formation
Creators: name: Pollak, Yaroslav
name: Goldberg, Sarah
name: Amit, Roee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute for the first time the effects of excluded volume on the probability for double-stranded DNA to form a loop. We utilize a Monte-Carlo algorithm for generation of large ensembles of self- avoiding worm-like chains, which are used to compute the J-factor for varying lengthscales. In the entropic regime, we confirm the scaling-theory prediction of a power-law drop off of -1.92, which is significantly stronger than the -1.5 power-law predicted by the non-self-avoiding worm-like chain model. In the elastic regime, we find that the angle-independent end-to-end chain distribution is highly anisotropic. This anisotropy, combined with the excluded volume constraints, lead to an increase in the J-factor of the self-avoiding worm-like chain by about half an order of magnitude relative to its non-self-avoiding counterpart. This increase could partially explain the anomalous results of recent cyclization experiments, in which short dsDNA molecules were found to have an increased propensity to form a loop.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
A Flash(bot) in the Pan: Measuring Maximal Extractable Value in Private Pools
Creators: name: Weintraub, Ben
name: Torres, Christof Ferreira
name: Nita-Rotaru, Cristina
name: State, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rise of Ethereum has lead to a flourishing decentralized marketplace that has, unfortunately, fallen victim to frontrunning and Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) activities, where savvy participants game transaction orderings within a block for profit. One popular solution to address such behavior is Flashbots, a private pool with infrastructure and design goals aimed at eliminating the negative externalities associated with MEV. While Flashbots has established laudable goals to address MEV behavior, no evidence has been provided to show that these goals are achieved in practice. In this paper, we measure the popularity of Flashbots and evaluate if it is meeting its chartered goals. We find that (1) Flashbots miners account for over 99.9% of the hashing power in the Ethereum network, (2) powerful miners are making more than $2\times$ what they were making prior to using Flashbots, while non-miners' slice of the pie has shrunk commensurately, (3) mining is just as centralized as it was prior to Flashbots with more than 90% of Flashbots blocks coming from just two miners, and (4) while more than 80% of MEV extraction in Ethereum is happening through Flashbots, 13.2% is coming from other private pools.
description: 14 pages, ACM IMC 2022
Leptogenesis triggered by a first-order phase transition
Creators: name: Huang, Peisi
name: Xie, Ke-Pan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new scenario of leptogenesis, which is triggered by a first-order phase transition (FOPT). The right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) are massless in the old vacuum, while they acquire a mass in the new vacuum bubbles, and the mass gap is huge compared with the FOPT temperature. The ultra-relativistic bubble walls sweep the RHNs into the bubbles, where the RHNs experience fast decay and generate the lepton asymmetry, which is further converted to the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU). Since the RHNs are out of equilibrium inside the bubble, the generated BAU does not suffer from the thermal bath washout. We first discuss the general feature of such a FOPT leptogenesis mechanism, and then realize it in an extended $B-L$ model. The gravitational waves from $U(1)_{B-L}$ breaking could be detected at the future interferometers.
description: 15 pages + refs, 3 figures. To match the JHEP version