cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Distinct Population of Small Planets: Sub-Earths
Creators: name: Qian, Yansong
name: Wu, Yanqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sizes of small planets have been known to be bi-modal, with a gap separating planets that have lost their primordial atmospheres (super-Earths), and the ones that retain them (mini-Neptunes). Here, we report evidences for another distinct population at smaller sizes. By focussing on planets orbiting around GK-dwarfs inward of 16 days, and correcting for observational completeness, we find that the number of super-Earths peak around 1.4 Earth radii and disappear shortly below this size. Instead, a new population of planets (sub-Earths) appear to dominate at sizes below ~ 1 Earth radius, with an occurrence that rises with decreasing size. This pattern is also observed in ultra-short-period planets. The end of super-Earths supports earlier claims that super-Earths and mini-Neptunes, planets that likely form in gaseous proto-planetary disks, have a narrow mass distribution. The sub-Earths, in contrast, can be described by a power-law mass distribution and may be explained by the theory of terrestrial planet formation. We therefore speculate that they are formed well after the gaseous disks have dissipated. The extension of these sub-Earths towards longer orbital periods, currently invisible, may be the true terrestrial analogues. This strongly motivates new searches.
description: Accepted to the Astronomical Journal
Particle clustering in turbulence: Prediction of spatial and statistical properties with deep learning
Creators: name: Chan, Yan-Mong
name: Manger, Natascha
name: Li, Yin
name: Yang, Chao-Chin
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
name: Armitage, Philip J.
name: Ho, Shirley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the utility of deep learning for modeling the clustering of particles that are aerodynamically coupled to turbulent fluids. Using a Lagrangian particle module within the Athena++ hydrodynamics code, we simulate the dynamics of particles in the Epstein drag regime within a periodic domain of isotropic forced hydrodynamic turbulence. This setup is an idealized model relevant to the collisional growth of micron to mm-sized dust particles in early stage planet formation. The simulation data are used to train a U-Net deep learning model to predict gridded three-dimensional representations of the particle density and velocity fields, given as input the corresponding fluid fields. The trained model qualitatively captures the filamentary structure of clustered particles in a highly non-linear regime. We assess model fidelity by calculating metrics of the density field (the radial distribution function) and of the velocity field (the relative velocity and the relative radial velocity between particles). Although trained only on the spatial fields, the model predicts these statistical quantities with errors that are typically <10%. Our results suggest that, given appropriately expanded training data, deep learning could complement direct numerical simulations in predicting particle clustering within turbulent flows.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures; Accepted to ApJ on 2023 October 30
From Earth to Space: A First Deployment of 5G Core Network on Satellite
Creators: name: Xing, Ruolin
name: Ma, Xiao
name: Zhou, Ao
name: Dustdar, Schahram
name: Wang, Shangguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.1

description: Recent developments in the aerospace industry have led to a dramatic reduction in the manufacturing and launch costs of low Earth orbit satellites. The new trend enables the paradigm shift of satellite-terrestrial integrated networks with global coverage. In particular, the integration of 5G communication systems and satellites has the potential to restructure next-generation mobile networks. By leveraging the network function virtualization and network slicing, the orbital 5G core networks will facilitate the coordination and management of network functions in satellite-terrestrial integrated networks. We are the first to deploy a lightweight 5G core network on a real-world satellite to investigate its feasibility. We conducted experiments to validate the onboard 5G core network functions. The validated procedures include registration and session setup procedures. The results show that the 5G core network can function normally and generate correct signaling.
description: This paper has been accepted by China Communications
Non-Critical Pure Spinor Superstrings
Creators: name: Adam, Ido
name: Grassi, Pietro Antonio
name: Mazzucato, Luca
name: Oz, Yaron
name: Yankielowicz, Shimon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct non-critical pure spinor superstrings in two, four and six dimensions. We find explicitly the map between the RNS variables and the pure spinor ones in the linear dilaton background. The RNS variables map onto a patch of the pure spinor space and the holomorphic top form on the pure spinor space is an essential ingredient of the mapping. A basic feature of the map is the requirement of doubling the superspace, which we analyze in detail. We study the structure of the non-critical pure spinor space, which is different from the ten-dimensional one, and its quantum anomalies. We compute the pure spinor lowest lying BRST cohomology and find an agreement with the RNS spectra. The analysis is generalized to curved backgrounds and we construct as an example the non-critical pure spinor type IIA superstring on AdS_4 with RR 4-form flux.
description: LaTeX2e, 76 pages, no figures, JHEP style; v2: references and acknowledgments added, typos corrected; v3: typos corrected and minor changes to match published version
title: Chesapeake Bay Non-Tidal Wetlands Communication Strategy
Creators: name: Aziz, Mariam
name: Gerber, Matthew
name: Ramsey, Sarah
name: Rhodes, Jennie
name: Wisner, Annie
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: wetlands
subject: Chesapeake Bay
subject: communications

description: The Chesapeake Bay Watershed plans 64,000 square miles across six states (New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia), as well as the District of Columbia. As the largest estuary in the United States, the watershed is home to a range of different ecosystems, from forests to both freshwater and saltwater wetlands. The Chesapeake Bay Program was founded to address the pollution and degradation of these ecosystems and focuses on restoring and enhancing vital habitats, like wetlands. The Wetlands Workgroup aims to restore and enhance both the tidal and non-tidal wetlands of the Chesapeake Bay region through goals, such as improving mapping, addressing barriers to restoration, and expanding local stakeholder involvement. Despite 86% of wetlands in the region being non-tidal wetlands, as compared to tidal, non-tidal wetlands are under-discussed and under-prioritized when it comes to restoration and enhancement projects in the region. This research is focused on understanding current perceptions of non-tidal wetlands, identifying barriers to communication and participation in restoration projects, and developing a targeted strategy to better engage local stakeholders. There are two main phases of this research project: a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. The literature review investigated three key elements to non-tidal restoration and preservation including policy, communications and ecosystem science. The semi-structured interviews focused on engaging stakeholders for the region primarily in D.C, Maryland, and Virginia. These stakeholders consisted of representatives from federal, state, and local governments, as well as nonprofit organizations and the private sector. Based on the findings from these interviews, eight key themes were identified which explored topics related to the three contexts used in our literature review: current state of the Bay, legislative and regulatory background, barriers and challenges, current public perceptions, communication channels, engagement strategies, messaging content, and ideal future. Recommendations are focused on improving communication around non-tidal wetlands, increasing community engagement, using funding opportunities efficiently, and encouraging policy alignment to ecological and community needs. Achieving an ideal vision for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed requires a collaborative, cross-disciplinary approach to increasing communication, policy-making, and ecosystem restoration. By harnessing community identity around the Bay and emphasizing the link between community well-being and healthy wetlands, the Chesapeake Bay Program can foster a collaborative path forward for the watershed.
Multi-channel fluctuating field approach to competing instabilities in interacting electronic systems
Creators: name: Linnér, E.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
name: Biermann, S.
name: Stepanov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems with strong electronic Coulomb correlations often display rich phase diagrams exhibiting different ordered phases involving spin, charge, or orbital degrees of freedom. The theoretical description of the interplay of the corresponding collective fluctuations giving rise to this phenomenology remains however a tremendous challenge. Here, we introduce a multi-channel extension of the recently developed fluctuating field approach to competing collective fluctuations in correlated electron systems. The method is based on a variational optimization of a trial action that explicitly contains the order parameters of the leading fluctuation channels. It gives direct access to the free energy of the system, facilitating the distinction between stable and meta-stable phases of the system. We apply our approach to the extended Hubbard model in the weak to intermediate coupling regime where we find it to capture the interplay of competing charge density wave and antiferromagnetic fluctuations with qualitative agreement with more computationally expensive methods. The multi-channel fluctuation field approach thus offers a promising new route for a numerically cheap treatment of the interplay between collective fluctuations in large systems.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Testing Late Time Cosmic Acceleration with uncorrelated Baryon Acoustic Oscillations dataset
Creators: name: Benisty, David
name: Staicova, Denitsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) involve measuring the spatial distribution of galaxies to determine the growth rate of cosmic structure. We derive constraints on cosmological parameters from $17$ uncorrelated BAO measurements that were collected from $333$ published data points in the effective redshift range $0.106 \leq z \leq 2.36$. We test the correlation of the subset using random covariance matrix. The $Λ$CDM model fit yields the cosmological parameters: $Ω_m = 0.261 \pm 0.028$ and $Ω_Λ= 0.733 \pm 0.021$. Combining the BAO data with the Cosmic Chronometers data, the Pantheon Type Ia supernova and the Hubble Diagram of Gamma Ray Bursts and Quasars, the Hubble constant yields $ 69.85 \pm 1.27 km/sec/Mpc$ and the sound horizon distance gives: $ 146.1 \pm 2.15 Mpc$. Beyond the $Λ$CDM model we test $Ω_K$CDM and wCDM. The spatial curvature is $Ω_k = -0.076 \pm 0.012$ and the dark energy equation of states: $w = -0.989 \pm 0.049$. {We perform AIC test to compare the 3 models and see that $Λ$CDM scores best.
description: 8 pages; Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
One-dimensional stepping stone models, sardine genetics and Brownian local time
Creators: name: Durrett, Richard
name: Restrepo, Mateo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35 (Primary); 92D10 (Secondary)

description: Consider a one-dimensional stepping stone model with colonies of size $M$ and per-generation migration probability $ν$, or a voter model on $\mathbb{Z}$ in which interactions occur over a distance of order $K$. Sample one individual at the origin and one at $L$. We show that if $Mν/L$ and $L/K^2$ converge to positive finite limits, then the genealogy of the sample converges to a pair of Brownian motions that coalesce after the local time of their difference exceeds an independent exponentially distributed random variable. The computation of the distribution of the coalescence time leads to a one-dimensional parabolic differential equation with an interesting boundary condition at 0.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AAP451 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
General formulae for the periapsis shift of a quasi-circular orbit in static spherically symmetric spacetimes and the active gravitational mass density
Creators: name: Harada, Tomohiro
name: Igata, Takahisa
name: Saida, Hiromi
name: Takamori, Yohsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the periapsis shift of a quasi-circular orbit in general static spherically symmetric spacetimes. We derive two formulae in full order with respect to the gravitational field, one in terms of the gravitational mass $m$ and the Einstein tensor and the other in terms of the orbital angular velocity and the Einstein tensor. These formulae reproduce the well-known ones for the forward shift in the Schwarzschild spacetime. In a general case, the shift deviates from that in the vacuum spacetime due to a particular combination of the components of the Einstein tensor at the radius $r$ of the orbit. The formulae give a backward shift due to the extended-mass effect in Newtonian gravity. In general relativity, in the weak-field and diffuse regime, the active gravitational mass density, $ρ_{A}=(ε+p_{r}+2p_{t})/c^{2}$, plays an important role, where $ε$, $p_{r}$, and $p_{t}$ are the energy density, the radial stress, and the tangential stress of the matter field, respectively. We show that the shift is backward if $ρ_{A}$ is beyond a critical value $ρ_{c}\simeq 2.8\times 10^{-15} \mbox{g}/\mbox{cm}^{3} (m/M_{\odot})^{2}(r/\mbox{au})^{-4}$, while a forward shift greater than that in the vacuum spacetime instead implies $ρ_{A}<0$, i.e., the violation of the strong energy condition, and thereby provides evidence for dark energy. We obtain new observational constraints on $ρ_{A}$ in the Solar System and the Galactic Centre.
description: 25 pages, minor revision, discussion expanded, accepted for publication in the International Journal of Modern Physics D
On the Elastic Properties and Fracture Patterns of MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) Membranes: A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study
Creators: name: Júnior, M. L. Pereira
name: de Araújo, C. M. Viana
name: de Sousa, J. M.
name: Júnior, R. T. de Sousa
name: Júnior, L. F. Roncaratti
name: Giozza, W. F.
name: Júnior, L. A. Ribeiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2.0; I.6.0
subject: 00-XX

description: We carried out fully-atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations to study the elastic properties and fracture patterns of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) MoX2 (X=S, Se, Te) membranes, in their 2H and 1T phases, within the framework of the Stillinger-Weber potential. Results showed that the fracture mechanism of these membranes occurs through a fast crack propagation followed by their abrupt rupture into moieties. As a general trend, the translated arrangement of the chalcogen atoms in the 1T phase contributes to diminishing their structural stability when contrasted with the 2H one. Among the TMDs studied here, 2H-MoSe2 has a higher tensile strength (25.98 GPa).
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
CISG Advisory Council Opinion No. 19
Creators: name: Atamer, Yesim
name: Bergsten, Eric
name: Bonell, Michael Joachim
name: Flechtner, Harry
name: Gama, Lauro
name: Garro, Alejandro
name: Gotanda, John Yukio
name: Goode, Roy
name: Shiyuan, Han
name: Herre, Johnny
name: Perales Viscasillas, Pilar
name: Schroeter, Ulrich
name: Schwenzer, Ingeborg
name: Sono, Hiroo
name: Witz, Claude
name: Eiselen, Sieg
name: Bridge, Michael
Publisher: name: Nordic Journal of Commercial Law
Year: 2019

description: The CISG-AC started as a private initiative supported by the Institute of International Commercial Law at Pace University School of Law and the Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary, University of London. The International Sales Convention Advisory Council (CISGAC) is in place to support the understanding of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the promotion and assistance in the uniform interpretation of the CISG. This is the CISG Advisory Council's Opinion No. 19 on Standards and Conformity of the Goods under Article 35 CISG
description: Nordic Journal of Commercial Law, No 2 (2019)
Mould taper for high speed continuous casting of stainless steel billets
Creators: name: Wang, Baofeng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Over the past three decades, continuous casting has emerged as a dominant steel production technology. Global competition and customer expectations are driving the mini-mills to improve billet quality and increase productivity through increases in casting speed. Although high speed casting trials are being carried out at many mini-mills, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding about the influence of casting speed on mould heat transfer. At the core of the technology is the water-cooled, oscillating copper mould. Mould interaction with the billet, both thermal and mechanical, governs billet quality and productivity. Heat transfer under high speed casting conditions needs to be determined in order to design the taper of the mould. The main objectives of this study were: to quantify the thermal-mechanical response of the mould in the casting of austenitic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel with mathematical models; to evaluate the mould-billet interaction using mathematical models; and to provide practical recommendations for optimum mould taper design in high speed billet casting. Measurements were conducted on an operating billet casting machine at Atlas Steel to determine mould-wall temperature profiles for different steel grades, different casting speeds, mould flux types, oscillation frequency, off-center nozzle operation. The trial also involved data acquisition on mould displacement, casting speed, metal level. Samples of the billets cast at the trial were collected and process variables were recorded. An inverse heat conduction model was utilized to determine mould heat flux from measured mould wall temperatures and existing mathematical models were utilized to investigate mould/billet interaction and mould taper using the heat flux as input. Results from plant measurements, mathematical models and billet sample evaluation were used to correlate mould thermal response with transverse and longitudinal depressions, oscillation mark depths for different steel grades. It was found from this work that mould heat flux is strongly influenced by casting speed with mould flux lubrication. Increasing casting speed will consistently increase the heat flux while the shell thickness will be reduced owing to the reduction of the residence time of the strand in the mould. This study has also shown the effect of casting conditions such as steel grade, superheat and casting speed on mould taper requirements. Optimum mould tapers based on the evaluation of the interaction between the mould and the billets are recommended for austenitic and martensitic stainless steel billet casting.
The Influence of Age on the Relative Frequency of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
Creators: name: Sandoval, Angeli
name: Contardo, Gabriella
name: David, Trevor J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is growing evidence that the population of close-in planets discovered by the Kepler mission was sculpted by atmospheric loss, though the typical timescale for this evolution is not well-constrained. Among a highly complete sample of planet hosts of varying ages the age-dependence of the relative fraction of super-Earth and sub-Neptune detections can be used to constrain the rate at which some small planets lose their atmospheres. Using the California-Kepler Survey (CKS) sample, we find evidence that the ratio of super-Earth to sub-Neptune detections rises monotonically from 1-10 Gyr. Our results are in good agreement with an independent study focused on stars hotter than the Sun, as well as with forward modeling simulations incorporating the effects of photoevaporation and a CKS-like selection function. We find the observed trend persists even after accounting for the effects of completeness or correlations between age and other fundamental parameters.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted to AAS Journals
Security of quantum key distribution with imperfect phase randomisation
Creators: name: Currás-Lorenzo, Guillermo
name: Nahar, Shlok
name: Lütkenhaus, Norbert
name: Tamaki, Kiyoshi
name: Curty, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely limited by multiphoton emissions, due to the photon-number-splitting attack. The most efficient solution, the decoy-state method, requires that the phases of all transmitted pulses are independent and uniformly random. In practice, however, these phases are often correlated, especially in high-speed systems, which opens a security loophole. Here, we address this pressing problem by providing a security proof for decoy-state QKD with correlated phases that offers key rates close to the ideal scenario. Our work paves the way towards high-performance secure QKD with practical laser sources, and may have applications beyond QKD.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure. v3: Updated to Accepted Manuscript
Dehn surgery, homology and hyperbolic volume
Creators: name: Agol, Ian
name: Culler, Marc
name: Shalen, Peter B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50, 57M27

description: If a closed, orientable hyperbolic 3--manifold M has volume at most 1.22 then H_1(M;Z_p) has dimension at most 2 for every prime p not 2 or 7, and H_1(M;Z_2) and H_1(M;Z_7) have dimension at most 3. The proof combines several deep results about hyperbolic 3--manifolds. The strategy is to compare the volume of a tube about a shortest closed geodesic C in M with the volumes of tubes about short closed geodesics in a sequence of hyperbolic manifolds obtained from M by Dehn surgeries on C.
description: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 8 December 2006
Supersolid Order from Disorder: Hard-Core Bosons on the Triangular Lattice
Creators: name: Melko, R. G.
name: Paramekanti, A.
name: Burkov, A. A.
name: Vishwanath, A.
name: Sheng, D. N.
name: Balents, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay of Mott localization, geometric frustration, and superfluidity for hard-core bosons with nearest-neighbor repulsion on the triangular lattice. For this model at half-filling, we demonstrate that superfluidity survives for arbitrarily large repulsion, and that diagonal solid order emerges in the strongly correlated regime from an order-by-disorder mechanism. This is thus an unusual example of a stable supersolid phase of hard-core lattice bosons at a commensurate filling.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; finite-size scaling discussion added
Impact of impurity scattering on odd-frequency spin-triplet pairing near the edge of the Kitaev chain
Creators: name: Mishra, Sparsh
name: Tamura, Shun
name: Kobayashi, Akito
name: Tanaka, Yukio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a Kitaev chain model, which is the simplest model of topological superconductors hosting Majorana fermion, appearing as a zero-energy state at the edge. We analytically calculate the Green's function of the semi-infinite Kitaev chain with a delta-function-type impurity potential within the quasi-classical regime to obtain the spatial dependence of the induced odd-frequency pairing. It is found that if the position of the impurity is not far from the edge, the spatial profile of the local density of states (LDOS) and the odd-frequency spin-triplet $s$-wave pair amplitude is tunable as a function of the strength of the impurity potential. Moreover, the zero-energy LDOS and low-frequency odd-frequency pair amplitude are found to have the same spatial dependence. The spatial profile of the zero-energy LDOS is analyzed based on the wave function of Majorana fermions.
description: Made clarifications on Hamiltonian
Band-dependent normal-state coherence in Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$: Evidence from Nernst effect and thermopower measurements
Creators: name: Xu, X. F.
name: Xu, Z. A.
name: Liu, T. J.
name: Fobes, D.
name: Mao, Z. Q.
name: Luo, J. L.
name: Liu, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurement on Nernst effect in the normal state of odd-parity, spin-triplet superconductor Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$. Below 100 K, the Nernst signal was found to be negative, large, and, as a function of magnetic field, nonlinear. Its magnitude increases with the decreasing temperature until reaching a maximum around $T^*$ $\approx$ 20 - 25 K, below which it starts to decrease linearly as a function of temperature. The large value of the Nernst signal appears to be related to the multiband nature of the normal state and the nonlinearity to band-dependent magnetic fluctuation in Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$. We argue that the sharp decrease in Nernst signal below $T^*$ is due to the suppression of quasiparticle scattering and the emergence of band-dependent coherence in the normal state. The observation of a sharp kink in the temperature dependent thermopower around $T^*$ and a sharp drop of Hall angle at low temperatures provide additional support to this picture.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; added figures, revised content; accepted by PRL
Status of the cw-LINAC demonstrator project
Creators: name: Gettmann, V.
name: Barth, W.
name: Mickat, S.
name: Amberg, M.
name: Podlech, H.
name: Ratzinger, U.
name: Dziuba, F.
name: Aulenbacher, K.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Superfluid dynamics in neutron star crusts: the Iordanskii force and chemical gauge covariance
Creators: name: Gavassino, Lorenzo
name: Antonelli, Marco
name: Haskell, Brynmor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a geometrical derivation of the relativistic dynamics of the superfluid inner crust of a neutron star. The resulting model is analogous to the Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov hydrodynamics for a single-component superfluid at finite temperature, but particular attention should be paid to the fact that some fraction of the neutrons are locked to the motion of the protons in nuclei. This gives rise to an ambiguity in the definition of the two currents (the normal and the superfluid one) on which the model is built, a problem that manifests itself as a chemical gauge freedom of the theory. To ensure chemical gauge covariance of the hydrodynamic model, the phenomenological equation of motion for a quantized vortex should contain an extra transverse force, that is the relativistic version of the Iordanskii force discussed in the context of superfluid Helium. Hence, we extend the mutual friction model of Langlois et al. (1998) to account for the possible presence of this Iordanskii-like force. Furthermore, we propose that a better understanding of the (still not completely settled) controversy around the presence of the Iordanskii force in superfluid Helium, as well as in neutron stars, may be achieved by considering that the different incompatible results present in the literature pertain to two, opposite, dynamical regimes of the fluid system.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure, see https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7020028
An investigation of the failure mechanisms of aluminum cathodes in zinc electrowinning cells
Creators: name: Buarzaiga, Mohamed
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Aluminum cathodes have long been used for the electrowinning of zinc from zinc sulfatesulfuric acid electrolyte. Severe corrosion above the electrolyte/air interface limits the life of aluminum cathodes to ca. 18-24 months for a 6 mm thick plate. The failure characteristics of aluminum cathodes were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Three corrosion zones were identified: zone I below the electrolyte/air interface, zone II 0-40 mm above the electrolyte/air interface, and zone III 40-140 mm above the electrolyte/air interface. Zone II experienced maximum corrosion damage in the form of shallow, dense, cusp-like pitting. For a rejected aluminum plate, the corrosion damage in zone II was ca. 80% reduction in plate thickness. The corrosion damage in zones I and III was minor corresponding to ca. 10% reduction in plate thickness. The failure pattern of aluminum cathodes and the factors causing variation in corrosion rate in the different zones were studied. Corrosion processes occurring under thin electrolyte film conditions limited the life of the cathode plate. The influence of microstructure, chloride, and fluoride on the corrosion susceptibility of aluminum cathodes was investigated in simulated and industrial electrolytes using cyclic polarization, potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic, galvanostatic, open circuit, and free immersion techniques. These techniques were coupled with electron metallography and chemical analysis of test solutions. The corrosion rate of the aluminum cathode plate decreased with increased pH and zinc concentration. Titanium addition to the cathode plate undermined its corrosion resistance in zone I by enhancing hydrogen evolution. In the presence of cathodic polarization, fluoride activated zone I corrosion but had minimal effect on zone II corrosion. Chloride had minimal effect on zone I corrosion; however, it strongly activated zone II corrosion and was the primary factor responsible for plate failure. A mechanism through which chloride acted on the aluminum cathode plate was proposed.
Nonlinear Attitude Estimation Using Intermittent and Multi-Rate Vector Measurements
Creators: name: Wang, Miaomiao
name: Tayebi, Abdelhamid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper considers the problem of nonlinear attitude estimation for a rigid body system using intermittent and multi-rate inertial vector measurements as well as continuous (high-rate) angular velocity measurements. Two types of hybrid attitude observers on Lie group $SO(3)$ are proposed. First, we propose a hybrid attitude observer where almost global asymptotic stability is guaranteed using the notion of almost global input-to-state stability on manifolds. Thereafter, this hybrid attitude observer is extended by introducing a switching mechanism to achieve global asymptotic stability. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed hybrid observers.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, this work has been accepted for publication in IEEE TAC
Status of the superconducting 217 MHz CH-cavity
Creators: name: Basten, M.
name: Amberg, M.
name: Aulenbacher, K.
name: Barth, W.
name: Busch, M.
name: Dziuba, F.
name: Heilmann, M.
name: Mäder, D.
name: Mickat, S.
name: Podlech, H.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
The BATSE-Swift luminosity and redshift distributions of short-duration GRBs
Creators: name: Guetta, Dafne
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the luminosity function and rate inferred from the BATSE short hard bursts (SHBs) peak flux distribution with the redshift and luminosity distributions of SHBs observed by Swift/HETE II. While the Swift/HETE II SHB sample is incompatible with SHB population that follows the star formation rate, it is compatible with a SHB rate that reflect a distribution of delay times after the SFR. This would be the case if SHBs are associated with binary neutron star mergers. The available data allows, however, different interpretations. For example, a population whose rate is independent of the redshift fits the data very well. The implied SHB rates that we find range from $\sim 8$ to $\sim 30h_{70}^3$Gpc$^{-3}$yr$^{-1}$. This is a much higher rate than what was previously estimated. A detailed (2 dimensional) look at the best fit models shows, however, some discrepancy between the four Swift/HETE II SHBs and the models based on BATSE SHBs. This could be a statistical fluke. It could also arise from wrong estimates of the triggering criteria or from selection effects. If real it may indicate the existence of two SHB populations with different luminosity functions and redshift distributions.
description: Revised version includes additional bursts and revised redshift of older bursts
Performance demonstration of the non-intercepting Bunch Shape Monitor at UNILAC
Creators: name: Zwicker, B.
name: Dorn, C.
name: Forck, P.
name: Kester, O.
name: Sieber, T.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Evolution of Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity using a modified harmonic formulation
Creators: name: East, William E.
name: Ripley, Justin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical solutions of several spacetimes of physical interest, including binary black hole mergers, in shift-symmetric Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet (ESGB) gravity, and describe our methods for solving the full equations of motion, without approximation, for general spacetimes. While we concentrate on the specific example of shift-symmetric ESGB, our methods, which make use of a recently proposed modification to the generalized harmonic formulation, should be generally applicable to all Horndeski theories of gravity (including general relativity). We demonstrate that these methods can stably follow the formation of scalar clouds about initially vacuum non-spinning and spinning black holes for values of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling approaching the maximum value above which the hyperbolicity of the theory breaks down in spherical symmetry. We study the collision of black holes with scalar hair, finding that the theory remains hyperbolic in the spacetime region exterior to the black hole horizons in a similar regime, which includes cases where the deviations from general relativity in the gravitational radiation is appreciable. Finally, we demonstrate that these methods can be used to follow the inspiral and merger of binary black holes in full ESGB gravity. This allows for making predictions for Horndeski theories of gravity in the strong-field and non-perturbative regime, which can confronted with gravitational wave observations, and compared to approximate treatments of modifications to general relativity.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures; revised to match PRD version
Uranium high current development at UNILAC
Creators: name: Barth, W.
name: Adonin, A.
name: Düllmann, C. E.
name: Gerhard, P.
name: Heilmann, M.
name: Hollinger, R.
name: Jäger, E.
name: Jadambaa, K.
name: Krier, J.
name: Scharrer, P.
name: Vormann, H.
name: Yakushev, A.
name: Yaramyshev, S.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Thermal state quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Walton, Adam
name: Ghesquière, Anne
name: Brumpton, George
name: Jennings, David
name: Varcoe, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a central broadcast continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol in which a beam produced by a thermal source is used to create a secret key between two parties, Alice and Bob. A beam splitter divides the initial beam into a pair of output beams, which are sent to Alice and Bob, with Eve intercepting Bob's beam. We investigate the protocol in detail, calculating mutual informations through a pair of analytic methods and comparing the results to the outputs of a Monte Carlo simulation of the protocol. In a lossless system, we find that a lower bound on the key rate remains positive in the protocol under a beam splitter attack, provided Bob receives a nonzero proportion of the beam initially sent to him. This suggests that the thermal state protocol could be used experimentally to produce secure keys.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Admissible Causal Structures and Correlations
Creators: name: Tselentis, Eleftherios-Ermis
name: Baumeler, Ämin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well-known that if one assumes quantum theory to hold locally, then processes with indefinite causal order and cyclic causal structures become feasible. Here, we study qualitative limitations on causal structures and correlations imposed by local quantum theory. For one, we find a necessary graph theoretic criterion--the "siblings-on-cycles" property--for a causal structure to be admissible: Only such causal structures admit a realization consistent with local quantum theory. We conjecture that this property is moreover sufficient. This conjecture is motivated by an explicit construction of quantum causal models, and supported by numerical calculations. We show that these causal models, in a restricted setting, are indeed consistent. For another, we identify two sets of causal structures that, in the classical-deterministic case, give rise to causal and non-causal correlations respectively.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, extended preliminaries, details on numerical calculations, reference to source code, numerical test increased to six nodes. Comments welcome!
Integrability of eccentric, spinning black hole binaries up to second post-Newtonian order
Creators: name: Tanay, Sashwat
name: Stein, Leo C.
name: Ghersi, José T. Gálvez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate and efficient modeling of the dynamics of binary black holes (BBHs) is crucial to their detection and parameter estimation through gravitational waves, both with LIGO/Virgo and LISA. General BBH configurations will have misaligned spins and eccentric orbits, eccentricity being particularly relevant at early times. Modeling these systems is both analytically and numerically challenging. Even though the 1.5 post-Newtonian (PN) order is Liouville integrable, numerical work has demonstrated chaos at 2PN order, which impedes the existence of an analytic solution. In this article we revisit integrability at both 1.5PN and 2PN orders. At 1.5PN, we construct four (out of five) action integrals. At 2PN, we show that the system is indeed integrable - but in a perturbative sense - by explicitly constructing five mutually-commuting constants of motion. Because of the KAM theorem, this is consistent with the past numerical demonstration of chaos. Our method extends to higher PN orders, opening the door for a fully analytical solution to the generic eccentric, spinning BBH problem.
description: 11+2 pages, 2 figures, 1 ancillary Mathematica file; v2: Updated to match version accepted by PRD
Radiation-hardend camera tests at the SIS18 extraction
Creators: name: Walasek-Höhne, B.
name: Bräuning, H.
name: Dorn, C.
name: Fischer, R.
name: Forck, P.
name: Graf, Horst
name: Hagenbuck, F.
name: Höhne, K.
name: Radon, Torsten
name: Scheeler, U.
name: Schmidt, Christian Joachim
name: Schwickert, M.
name: Steiner, K.
name: Wohlers, J.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Axioms for a theory of signature bases
Creators: name: Lairez, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Twenty years after the discovery of the F5 algorithm, Gröbner bases with signatures are still challenging to understand and to adapt to different settings. This contrasts with Buchberger's algorithm, which we can bend in many directions keeping correctness and termination obvious. I propose an axiomatic approach to Gröbner bases with signatures with the purpose of uncoupling the theory and the algorithms, and giving general results applicable in many different settings (e.g. Gröbner for submodules, F4-style reduction, noncommutative rings, non-Noetherian settings, etc.).
Partial decay widths of baryons in the spin-momentum operator expansion method
Creators: name: Anisovich, A. V.
name: Sarantsev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross sections for photo- and pion-induced production of baryon resonances and their partial decay widths to the two--body and multi--body final states are calculated in the framework of the operator expansion method. The approach is fully relativistic invariant, and it allows us to perform combined analyses of different reactions imposing directly the analyticity and unitarity constraints. All formulae are given explicitly in the form used by the Crystal Barrel collaboration in the partial wave analysis.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Higher-order temporal network effects through triplet evolution
Creators: name: Yao, Qing
name: Chen, Bingsheng
name: Christensen, Kim
name: Evans, Tim S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of networks through `triplets' - three-node graphlets. We develop a method to compute a transition matrix to describe the evolution of triplets in temporal networks. To identify the importance of higher-order interactions in the evolution of networks, we compare both artificial and real-world data to a model based on pairwise interactions only. The significant differences between the computed matrix and the calculated matrix from the fitted parameters demonstrate that non-pairwise interactions exist for various real-world systems in space and time, such as our data sets. Furthermore, this also reveals that different patterns of higher-order interaction are involved in different real-world situations. To test our approach, we then use these transition matrices as the basis of a link prediction algorithm. We investigate our algorithm's performance on four temporal networks, comparing our approach against ten other link prediction methods. Our results show that higher-order interactions in both space and time play a crucial role in the evolution of networks as we find our method, along with two other methods based on non-local interactions, give the best overall performance. The results also confirm the concept that the higher-order interaction patterns, i.e., triplet dynamics, can help us understand and predict the evolution of different real-world systems.
description: Copy of version published in Scientific Reports but with Supplementary Information included as appendices in single text. Original title was "Triplet Evolution"
Light output of inorganic scintillating screens induced by fast and slow extracted beams from SIS18
Creators: name: Lieberwirth, A.
name: Forck, P.
name: Lederer, S.
name: Ensinger, W.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Recovering Sign Bits of DCT Coefficients in Digital Images as an Optimization Problem
Creators: name: Lin, Ruiyuan
name: Liu, Sheng
name: Jiang, Jun
name: Li, Shujun
name: Li, Chengqing
name: Kuo, C. -C. Jay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68P30

description: Recovering unknown, missing, damaged, distorted, or lost information in DCT coefficients is a common task in multiple applications of digital image processing, including image compression, selective image encryption, and image communication. This paper investigates the recovery of sign bits in DCT coefficients of digital images, by proposing two different approximation methods to solve a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem, which is NP-hard in general. One method is a relaxation of the MILP problem to a linear programming (LP) problem, and the other splits the original MILP problem into some smaller MILP problems and an LP problem. We considered how the proposed methods can be applied to JPEG-encoded images and conducted extensive experiments to validate their performances. The experimental results showed that the proposed methods outperformed other existing methods by a substantial margin, both according to objective quality metrics and our subjective evaluation.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures