cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electronic correlations and partial gap in the bilayer nickelate La$_{3}$Ni$_{2}$O$_{7}$
Creators: name: Liu, Zhe
name: Huo, Mengwu
name: Li, Jie
name: Li, Qing
name: Liu, Yuecong
name: Dai, Yaomin
name: Zhou, Xiaoxiang
name: Hao, Jiahao
name: Lu, Yi
name: Wang, Meng
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of superconductivity with a critical temperature of about 80~K in La$_{3}$Ni$_{2}$O$_{7}$ single crystals under pressure has received enormous attention. La$_{3}$Ni$_{2}$O$_{7}$ is not superconducting under ambient pressure but exhibits a transition at $T^{\ast} \simeq 115$~K. Understanding the electronic correlations and charge dynamics is an important step towards the origin of superconductivity and other instabilities. Here, our optical study shows that La$_{3}$Ni$_{2}$O$_{7}$ features strong electronic correlations which significantly reduce the electron's kinetic energy and place this system in the proximity of the Mott phase. The low-frequency optical conductivity reveals two Drude components arising from multiple bands at the Fermi level. The transition at $T^{\ast}$ removes the Drude component exhibiting non-Fermi liquid behavior, whereas the one with Fermi-liquid behavior is barely affected. These observations in combination with theoretical results suggest that the Fermi surface dominated by the Ni-$d_{3z^{2}-r^{2}}$ orbital is removed due to the transition at $T^{\ast}$. Our experimental results provide pivotal information for understanding the transition at $T^{\ast}$ and superconductivity in La$_{3}$Ni$_{2}$O$_{7}$.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures, Comments are welcome and appreciated
Microfabricated Collector-Generator Electrode Sensor for Measuring Absolute pH and Oxygen Concentrations
Creators: name: Wightman, R. Mark
name: McCarty, Gregory S.
name: Dengler, Adam K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has attracted attention for studying in vivo neurotransmission due to its subsecond temporal resolution, selectivity, and sensitivity. Traditional FSCV measurements use background subtraction to isolate changes in the local electrochemical environment, providing detailed information on fluctuations in the concentration of electroactive species. This background subtraction removes information about constant or slowly changing concentrations. However, determination of background concentrations is still important for understanding functioning brain tissue. For example, neural activity is known to consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide which affects local levels of oxygen and pH. Here, we present a microfabricated microelectrode array which uses FSCV to detect the absolute levels of oxygen and pH in vitro. The sensor is a collector-generator electrode array with carbon microelectrodes spaced 5 Î¼m apart. In this work, a periodic potential step is applied at the generator producing transient local changes in the electrochemical environment. The collector electrode continuously performs FSCV enabling these induced changes in concentration to be recorded with the sensitivity and selectivity of FSCV. A negative potential step applied at the generator produces a transient local pH shift at the collector. The generator-induced pH signal is detected using FSCV at the collector and correlated to absolute solution pH by postcalibr
Machine learning accelerated discovery of corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloys
Creators: name: Zeng, Cheng
name: Neils, Andrew
name: Lesko, Jack
name: Post, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Corrosion has a wide impact on society, causing catastrophic damage to structurally engineered components. An emerging class of corrosion-resistant materials are high-entropy alloys. However, high-entropy alloys live in high-dimensional composition and configuration space, making materials designs via experimental trial-and-error or brute-force ab initio calculations almost impossible. Here we develop a physics-informed machine-learning framework to identify corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloys. Three metrics are used to evaluate the corrosion resistance, including single-phase formability, surface energy and Pilling-Bedworth ratios. We used random forest models to predict the single-phase formability, trained on an experimental dataset. Machine learning inter-atomic potentials were employed to calculate surface energies and Pilling-Bedworth ratios, which are trained on first-principles data fast sampled using embedded atom models. A combination of random forest models and high-fidelity machine learning potentials represents the first of its kind to relate chemical compositions to corrosion resistance of high-entropy alloys, paving the way for automatic design of materials with superior corrosion protection. This framework was demonstrated on AlCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloys and we identified composition regions with high corrosion resistance. Machine learning predicted lattice constants and surface energies are consistent with values by first-principles calculations. The predicted single-phase formability and corrosion-resistant compositions of AlCrFeCoNi agree well with experiments. This framework is general in its application and applicable to other materials, enabling high-throughput screening of material candidates and potentially reducing the turnaround time for integrated computational materials engineering.
Utilizing Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization for Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Black, William A.
name: Ramsey, J. Michael
name: Mellors, J. Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Hydrogen exchange (HX) mass spectrometry (MS) of complex mixtures requires a fast, reproducible, and high peak capacity separation prior to MS detection. The current paradigm relies on liquid chromatography (LC) with fast gradients performed at low temperatures to minimize back exchange. Unfortunately, under these conditions, the efficiency of LC is limited due to resistance to mass transfer, reducing the capability to analyze complex samples. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), on the other hand, is not limited by resistance to mass transfer, enabling very rapid separations that are not adversely affected by low temperature. Previously, we have demonstrated an integrated microfluidic device coupling CE with electrospray ionization (ESI) capable of very rapid and high efficiency separations. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of this microchip CE-ESI device for HX MS. High speed CE-ESI of a bovine hemoglobin pepsin digestion was performed in 1 minute with a peak capacity of 62 versus a similar LC separation performed in 7 minutes with peak capacity of 31. A room temperature CE method performed in 1.25 minutes provided similar deuterium retention as an 8.5 minute LC method conducted at 0 °C. Separation of a complex mixture with CE was done with considerably better speed and nearly triple the peak capacity than the equivalent separation by LC. Overall the results indicate the potential utility of microchip CE-ESI for HX MS.
Interacting Local Topological Markers: A one-particle density matrix approach for characterizing the topology of interacting and disordered states
Creators: name: Hannukainen, Julia D.
name: Martínez, Miguel F.
name: Bardarson, Jens H.
name: Kvorning, Thomas Klein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While topology is a property of a quantum state itself, most existing methods for characterizing the topology of interacting phases of matter require direct knowledge of the underlying Hamiltonian. We offer an alternative by utilizing the one-particle density matrix formalism to extend the concept of the Chern, chiral, and Chern-Simons markers to include interactions. The one-particle density matrix of a free-fermion state is a projector onto the occupied bands, defining a Brillouin zone bundle of the given topological class. This is no longer the case in the interacting limit, but as long as the one-particle density matrix is gapped, its spectrum can be adiabatically flattened, connecting it to a topologically equivalent projector. The corresponding topological markers thus characterize the topology of the interacting phase. Importantly, the one-particle density matrix is defined in terms of a given state alone, making the local markers numerically favorable, and providing a valuable tool for characterizing topology of interacting systems when only the state itself is available. To demonstrate the practical use of the markers we use the chiral marker to identify the topology of midspectrum eigenstates of the Ising-Majorana chain across the transition between the ergodic and many-body localized phases. We also apply the chiral marker to random states with a known topology, and compare it with the entanglement spectrum degeneracy.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures + Appendix 2 pages, 1 figure
Design of an Application for Collaboration and Interaction with Animated Content for Children in a Television Ecosystem
Creators: name: Hook, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The ongoing research project presented in this paper
aims to propose and evaluate models of interaction
with audiovisual animated content in an interactive
television ecosystem. Through the referred models we
aim to understand the extent to which an interactive
animation application can encourage the shared
participation of children at primary school level in
taking an active role while watching TV animation. Here
we present the conceptual and empirical methodology
adopted to develop the research work and the current
state of research.
Atomic Torsional Modal Analysis for high-resolution proteins
Creators: name: Tirion, Monique M.
name: ben-Avraham, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We introduce a formulation for normal mode analyses of globular proteins that significantly improves on an earlier, 1-parameter formulation (M. Tirion, PRL 77, 1905 (1996)) that characterized the slow modes associated with protein data bank structures. Here we develop that empirical potential function which is minimized at the outset to include two features essential to reproduce the eigenspectra and associated density of states over all frequencies, not merely the slow ones. First, introduction of preferred dihedral-angle configurations via use of torsional stiffness constants eliminates anomalous dispersion characteristics due to insufficiently bound surface sidechains. Second, we take into account the atomic identities and the distance of separation of all pairwise interactions. With these modifications we obtain stable, reliable eigenmodes over a wide range of frequencies.
description: includes link to gif animations
Quarks Production in the Quark-Gluon Plasma Created in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Ruggieri, Marco
name: Plumari, Salvatore
name: Scardina, Francesco
name: Greco, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we report on our results about quark production and chemical equilibration of quark-gluon plasma. Our initial condition corresponds to a classic Yang-Mills spectrum, in which only gluon degrees of freedom are considered; the initial condition is then evolved to a quark-gluon plasma by means of relativistic transport theory with inelastic processes which permit the conversion of gluons to $q\bar{q}$ pairs. We then compare our results to the ones obtained with a standard Glauber model initialization. We find that regardless of the initial condition the final stage of the system contains an abundant percentage of $q\bar{q}$ pairs; moreover spanning the possible coupling from weak to strong we find that unless the coupling is unrealistically small, both production rate and final percentage of fermions is quite large.
description: Minor changes. Published on Nuclear Physics A
Immunofluorescence Optimization to Co-localize Chikungunya Virus with Neurons, Astrocytes, and Oligodendrocytes in the Brains of Adult Mice
Creators: name: Martinez, Sabian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an Old-World alphavirus that has spread in major breakouts around the world during the past two decades. CHIKV infection produces an illness characterized by fever, arthralgia, rash, and in an atypical fashion, encephalitis and related neurological complications. Atypical outcomes are of particular concern due to their association with increased mortality in vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Additionally, there is no vaccine for CHIKV. Little is known about the mechanisms that drive encephalitic CHIKV infection. Previously, CHIKV has been shown to infect neurons and other glia in vitro and in neonatal mouse models. Here, we employed a C57BL/6J mouse model where 4-6-week-old mice underwent intracranial infection of three clinical isolates of CHIKV, each varying in pathogenicity. Previous work from our lab has shown that the AF15561 strain is moderately pathogenic, resulting in degradation of the corpus callosum. Focusing on this strain, brains were collected after 3 days post-infection and fixed overnight. The brains were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and mounted onto slides. Using immunofluorescence (IF), stains of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes were optimized. Although optimization of CHIKV IF was attempted, further optimization is required for clear visualization. These data indicate that viral IF may require optimization different from common chromogenic detection methods. Optimization of CHIKV IF in adult mouse brain tissue will allow for the determination of CHIKV tropism via co-localization analyses. Establishment of viral tropism is important for the development of new therapeutics to potentially reduce CHIKV-induced mortality.
title:  Un percorso verso la creazione del Museo di comunità
Creators: name: Magagnini, Andrea
Publisher: name: Roma Tre University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05vf0dg29
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Eredità culturale bene comune. Per un Museo della comunità nel territorio di Canale Monterano. Prime ricerche
Disrupted cortical network as a vulnerability marker for obsessive–compulsive disorder
Creators: name: Yang, Qiong
name: Chan, Raymond C. K.
name: Shi, Changzheng
name: Shi, Feng
name: Peng, Ziwen
name: Shen, Dinggang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Morphological alterations of brain structure are generally assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, little is known about the morphological connectivity properties of structural brain networks in OCD or about the heritability of those morphological connectivity properties. To better understand these properties, we conducted a study that defined three different groups: OCD group with 30 subjects, siblings group with 19 subjects, and matched controls group with 30 subjects. A structural brain network was constructed using 68 cortical regions of each subject within their respective group (i.e., one brain network for each group). Both small-worldness and modularity were measured to reflect the morphological connectivity properties of each constructed structural brain network. When compared to the matched controls, the structural brain networks of patients with OCD indeed exhibited atypical small-worldness and modularity. Specifically, small-worldness showed decreased local efficiency, and modularity showed reduced intra-connectivity in Module III (default mode network) and increased interconnectivity between Module I (executive function) and Module II (cognitive control/spatial). Intriguingly, the structured brain networks of the unaffected siblings showed similar small-worldness and modularity as OCD patients. Based on the atypical structural brain networks observed in OCD patients and their unaffected siblings, abnormal small-worldness and modularity may indicate a candidate endophenotype for OCD.
Design and Performance of HV CMOS Sensors for Future Colliders by the RD50 Collaboration
Creators: name: Sonneveld, Jory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CERN RD50 collaboration develops depleted monolithic active pixel CMOS sensors for future colliders with the aim of high radiation tolerance, good time resolution, and high granularity pixel detectors. The most recent prototype, the RD50-MPW3, is a 150 nm High Voltage CMOS LFoundry chip that features pixels with a 62 $μ$m pitch that integrate both digital and analog readout electronics inside the sensing diodes. The 64 x 64 pixels on this chip are arranged in 32 double columns and have an optimized periphery for efficient configuration and fast serial data transmission. Post-layout simulations of a single pixel show a power consumption of 22 $μ$W per pixel and 9 ns time walk. The predecessor of this version, the RD50-MPW2, was shown to match simulation results in tests at beam facilities and to have a time resolution of 300 ps both before and after irradiation to a fluence of $Φ_{\mathrm{eq}} = 5\cdot 10^{14}/\mathrm{cm}^2$. This proceeding discusses the design of the latest advanced prototype, the RD50-MPW3, the first results for the RD50-MPW3, and the performance of the RD50-MPW2.
description: Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Vertex Detectors in Tateyama, Japan, 24th-28th October 2022
Phenomenological approaches of inflation and their equivalence
Creators: name: Boubekeur, Lotfi
name: Giusarma, Elena
name: Mena, Olga
name: Ramírez, Héctor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we analyze two possible alternative and model-independent approaches to describe the inflationary period. The first one assumes a general equation of state during inflation due to Mukhanov, while the second one is based on the slow-roll hierarchy suggested by Hoffman and Turner. We find that, remarkably, the two approaches are equivalent from the observational viewpoint, as they single out the same areas in the parameter space, and agree with the inflationary attractors where successful inflation occurs. Rephrased in terms of the familiar picture of a slowly rolling, canonically normalized scalar field, the resulting inflaton excursions in these two approaches are almost identical. Furthermore, once the Galactic dust polarization data from Planck are included in the numerical fits, inflaton excursions can safely take sub-Planckian values.
description: Revtex, 8 pages, 4 figures. References updated. Matches published version in PRD
A weaker notion of the finite factorization property
Creators: name: Jiang, Henry
name: Kanungo, Shihan
name: Kim, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 11Y05, 20M13, Secondary: 06F05, 20M14

description: An (additive) commutative monoid is called atomic if every given non-invertible element can be written as a sum of atoms (i.e., irreducible elements), in which case, such a sum is called a factorization of the given element. The number of atoms (counting repetitions) in the corresponding sum is called the length of the factorization. Following Geroldinger and Zhong, we say that an atomic monoid $M$ is a length-finite factorization monoid if each $b \in M$ has only finitely many factorizations of any prescribed length. An additive submonoid of $\mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}$ is called a positive monoid. Factorizations in positive monoids have been actively studied in recent years. The main purpose of this paper is to give a better understanding of the non-unique factorization phenomenon in positive monoids through the lens of the length-finite factorization property. To do so, we identify a large class of positive monoids which satisfy the length-finite factorization property. Then we compare the length-finite factorization property to the bounded and the finite factorization properties, which are two properties that have been systematically investigated for more than thirty years.
description: 15 pages
The early phases of galaxy clusters formation in IR: coupling hydrodynamical simulations with GRASIL3D
Creators: name: Granato, Gian Luigi
name: Ragone-Figueroa, Cinthia
name: Dominguez-Tenreiro, Rosa
name: Obreja, Aura
name: Borgani, Stefano
name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Murante, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute and study the infrared and sub-mm properties of high redshift ($z \gtrsim 1$) simulated clusters and proto-clusters. The results of a large set of hydro-dynamical zoom-in simulations including active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback, have been treated with the recently developed radiative transfer code GRASIL-3D, which accounts for the effect of dust reprocessing in an arbitrary geometry. Here, we have slightly generalized the code to adapt it to the present purpose. Then we have post-processed boxes of physical size 2 Mpc encompassing each of the 24 most massive clusters identified at z=0, at several redshifts between 0.5 and 3, producing IR and sub-mm mock images of these regions and SEDs of the radiation coming out from them. While this field is in its infancy from the observational point of view, rapid development is expected in the near future thanks to observations performed in the far IR and sub-mm bands. Notably, we find that in this spectral regime our prediction are little affected by the assumption required by this post-processing, and the emission is mostly powered by star formation rather than accretion onto super massive black hole (SMBH). The comparison with the little observational information currently available, highlights that the simulated cluster regions never attain the impressive star formation rates suggested by these observations. This problem becomes more intriguing taking into account that the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the same simulations turn out to be too massive. It seems that the interplay between the feedback schemes and the star formation model should be revised, possibly incorporating a positive feedback mode.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS in press. Minor editorial improvements
Group-constrained sparse fMRI connectivity modeling for mild cognitive impairment identification
Creators: name: Wee, Chong-Yaw
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Zhang, Daoqiang
name: Wang, Lihong
name: Shen, Dinggang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Emergence of advanced network analysis techniques utilizing resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (R-fMRI) has enabled a more comprehensive understanding of neurological disorders at a whole-brain level. However, inferring brain connectivity from R-fMRI is a challenging task, particularly when the ultimate goal is to achieve good control-patient classification performance, owing to perplexing noise effects, curse of dimensionality, and inter-subject variability. Incorporating sparsity into connectivity modeling may be a possible solution to partially remedy this problem since most biological networks are intrinsically sparse. Nevertheless, sparsity constraint, when applied at an individual level, will inevitably cause inter-subject variability and hence degrade classification performance. To this end, we formulate the R-fMRI time series of each region-of-interest (ROI) as a linear representation of time series of other ROIs to infer sparse connectivity networks that are topologically identical across individuals. This formulation allows simultaneous selection of a common set of ROIs across subjects so that their linear combination is best in estimating the time series of the considered ROI. Specifically, l1-norm is imposed on each subject to filter out spurious or insignificant connections to produce sparse networks. A group-constraint is hence imposed via multi-task learning using a l2-norm to encourage consistent non-zero connections across subjects. This group-constraint is crucial since the network topology is identical for all subjects while still preserving individual information via different connectivity values. We validated the proposed modeling in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) identification and promising results achieved demonstrate its superiority in disease characterization, particularly greater sensitivity to early stage brain pathologies. The inferred group-constrained sparse network is found to be biologically plausible and is highly associated with the disease-associated anatomical anomalies. Furthermore, our proposed approach achieved similar classification performance when finer atlas was used to parcellate the brain space.
Superconductivity in a van der Waals layered quasicrystal
Creators: name: Tokumoto, Yuki
name: Hamano, Kotaro
name: Nakagawa, Sunao
name: Kamimura, Yasushi
name: Suzuki, Shintaro
name: Tamura, Ryuji
name: Edagawa, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: van der Waals (vdW) layered transition-metal chalcogenides are attracting significant attention owing to their fascinating physical properties. This group of materials consists of abundant members with various elements, having a variety of different structures. However, all vdW layered materials studied to date have been limited to crystalline materials, and the physical properties of vdW layered quasicrystals have not yet been reported. Here, we report on the discovery of superconductivity in a vdW layered quasicrystal of Ta1.6Te. The electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat of the Ta1.6Te quasicrystal fabricated by reaction sintering, unambiguously validated the occurrence of bulk superconductivity at a transition temperature of ~1 K. This discovery can pioneer new research on assessing the physical properties of vdW layered quasicrystals as well as two-dimensional quasicrystals; moreover, it paves the way toward new frontiers of superconductivity in thermodynamically stable quasicrystals, which has been the predominant challenge facing condensed matter physics since the discovery of quasicrystals almost four decades ago.
Ultra-high energy collisions in static space-times: single versus multi-black hole cases
Creators: name: Zaslavskii, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider collision of two particles near static electrically charged extremal black holes and elucidate the conditions under which the energy in the centre of mass frame E_{c.m.} grows unbounded. For a single black hole, we generalize the results obtained earlier for the Reissner-Nordström metric, to distorted black holes. In the multi-black hole space-time, qualitatively new features appear. If the point of collision is close to at least two horizons simultaneously, unbounded E_{c.m.} are possible (i) without fine-tuning of particles' parameters, (ii) for an arbitrary mutual orientation of two velocities. Such a combination of properties (i) and (ii) has no analogues in the single black hole case and facilitates the condition of getting unbounded E_{c.m.}. Collisions in the electro-vacuum Majumdar-Papapetrou metric (several extremal black holes in equilibrium) is analyzed explicitly.
description: 18 pages. Essentially expanded, presentation improved. To appear in GRG
More insights into early brain development through statistical analyses of eigen-structural elements of diffusion tensor imaging using multivariate adaptive regression splines
Creators: name: An, Hongyu
name: Gilmore, John H.
name: Lin, Weili
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Chen, Yasheng
name: Armao, Diane
name: Shen, Dinggang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The aim of this study was to characterize the maturational changes of the three eigenvalues (λ1 ≥ λ2 ≥ λ3) of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) during early postnatal life for more insights into early brain development. In order to overcome the limitations of using presumed growth trajectories for regression analysis, we employed Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to derive data-driven growth trajectories for the three eigenvalues. We further employed Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to carry out statistical inferences on the growth trajectories obtained with MARS. With a total of 71 longitudinal datasets acquired from 29 healthy, full-term pediatric subjects, we found that the growth velocities of the three eigenvalues were highly correlated, but significantly different from each other. This paradox suggested the existence of mechanisms coordinating the maturations of the three eigenvalues even though different physiological origins may be responsible for their temporal evolutions. Furthermore, our results revealed the limitations of using the average of λ2 and λ3 as the radial diffusivity in interpreting DTI findings during early brain development because these two eigenvalues had significantly different growth velocities even in central white matter. In addition, based upon the three eigenvalues, we have documented the growth trajectory differences between central and peripheral white matter, between anterior and posterior limbs of internal capsule, and between inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Taken together, we have demonstrated that more insights into early brain maturation can be gained through analyzing eigen-structural elements of DTI.
Increase in Adaptive Capacity of Rats via the Discharge Method
Creators: name: M.V. Glukhova
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Food unloading
Life sustainability
Rat adaptation
Hunger mice
Mice reproducibility
Mouse breeding
Mice progeny
Laboratory mice
Zooculture.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 14, 11A14U: 1-9
Development of human brain cortical network architecture during infancy
Creators: name: Gao, Wei
name: Alcauter, Sarael
name: Lin, Weili
name: Gilmore, John H.
name: Smith, J. Keith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The brain’s mature functional network architecture has been extensively studied but the early emergence of the brain’s network organization remains largely unknown. In this study, leveraging a large sample (143 subjects) with longitudinal rsfMRI scans (333 datasets), we aimed to characterize the important developmental process of the brain’s functional network architecture during the first two years of life. Based on spatial independent component analysis and longitudinal linear mixed effect modeling, our results unveiled the detailed topology and growth trajectories of nine cortical functional networks. Within networks, our findings clearly separated the brains networks into two categories: primary networks were topologically adult-like in neonates while higher-order networks were topologically incomplete and isolated in neonates but demonstrated consistent synchronization during the first two years of life (connectivity increases 0.13~0.35). Between networks, our results demonstrated both network-level connectivity decreases (−0.02~−0.64) and increases (0.05~0.18) but decreasing connections (n=14) dominated increasing ones (n=5). Finally, significant sex differences were observed with boys demonstrating faster network-level connectivity increases among the two frontoparietal networks (growth rate was 1.63e-4 per day for girls and 2.69e-4 per day for boys, p<1e-4). Overall, our study delineated the development of the whole brain functional architecture during the first two years of life featuring significant changes of both within- and between-network interactions.
Development and testing of the Revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney (RMMF) soil erosion model under different pedological datasets
Creators: name: Efthimiou Nikolaos
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: The study aims to investigate the effect of soil properties delineation on erosion modelling. To that end, the soil attributes of the Venetikos River catchment, northwestern Greece, are described using two pedological datasets, i.e. field samples and classification maps. The goal is to select the most appropriate for the accurate estimation of erosion. The Revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney (RMMF) model is developed per base map (annual or multi-annual), keeping all other parameters unchanged. Modelled sediment yield (SY) values are validated against “observed” ones, calculated utilizing the sediment rating curve methodology. Overall, the classification maps approach (164.35 t km2 year‒1) performed better than the soil samples one (82.97 t km2 year‒1), displaying higher convergence to the synthetic SY (548.9 t km2 year‒1). The discrepancy among approaches is attributed to the different computation methodologies (thus pedological background) used. Both approximations successfully identified the high-risk erosion areas. The same conclusions arose from the multi-annual application of the model.
Safe Multimodal Communication in Human-Robot Collaboration
Creators: name: Ferrari, Davide
name: Pupa, Andrea
name: Signoretti, Alberto
name: Secchi, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The new industrial settings are characterized by the presence of human and robots that work in close proximity, cooperating in performing the required job. Such a collaboration, however, requires to pay attention to many aspects. Firstly, it is crucial to enable a communication between this two actors that is natural and efficient. Secondly, the robot behavior must always be compliant with the safety regulations, ensuring always a safe collaboration. In this paper, we propose a framework that enables multi-channel communication between humans and robots by leveraging multimodal fusion of voice and gesture commands while always respecting safety regulations. The framework is validated through a comparative experiment, demonstrating that, thanks to multimodal communication, the robot can extract valuable information for performing the required task and additionally, with the safety layer, the robot can scale its speed to ensure the operator's safety.
Thermoelectric DC conductivities with momentum dissipation from higher derivative gravity
Creators: name: Cheng, Long
name: Ge, Xian-Hui
name: Sun, Zu-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a mechanism of momentum relaxation in higher derivative gravity by adding linear scalar fields to the Gauss-Bonnet theory. We analytically computed all of the DC thermoelectric conductivities in this theory by adopting the method given by Donos and Gauntlett in [arXiv:1406.4742]. The results show that the DC electric conductivity is not a monotonic function of the effective impurity parameter $β$: in the small $β$ limit, the DC conductivity is dominated by the coherent phase, while for larger $β$, pair creation contribution to the conductivity becomes dominant, signaling an incoherent phase. In addition, the DC heat conductivity is found independent of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant.
description: 1+19 pages, 2 figures,typos in Eq.(40) corrected
Latent feature representation with stacked auto-encoder for AD/MCI diagnosis
Creators: name: Lee, Seong-Whan
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Suk, Heung-Il
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Recently, there have been great interests for computer-aided diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Unlike the previous methods that considered simple low-level features such as gray matter tissue volumes from MRI, and mean signal intensities from PET, in this paper, we propose a deep learning-based latent feature representation with a stacked auto-encoder (SAE). We believe that there exist latent non-linear complicated patterns inherent in the low-level features such as relations among features. Combining the latent information with the original features helps build a robust model in AD/MCI classification, with high diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, thanks to the unsupervised characteristic of the pre-training in deep learning, we can benefit from the target-unrelated samples to initialize parameters of SAE, thus finding optimal parameters in fine-tuning with the target-related samples, and further enhancing the classification performances across four binary classification problems: AD vs. healthy normal control (HC), MCI vs. HC, AD vs. MCI, and MCI converter (MCI-C) vs. MCI non-converter (MCI-NC). In our experiments on ADNI dataset, we validated the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing the accuracies of 98.8, 90.7, 83.7, and 83.3 % for AD/HC, MCI/HC, AD/MCI, and MCI-C/MCI-NC classification, respectively. We believe that deep learning can shed new light on the neuroimaging data analysis, and our work presented the applicability of this method to brain disease diagnosis.
Incidence, Severity, and Management of Oral Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension in Patients with Gastrointestinal and Thyroid Cancer
Creators: name: Powell, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (VEGFI) agents are a mainstay in management for many cancers with hypertension (HTN) being a significant consequence. There is limited information on the incidence and severity of HTN in patients receiving oral VEGFIs for gastrointestinal (GI)/thyroid cancer. This single center, retrospective study assessed patients with GI or thyroid cancer initiated on a VEGFI within the University of North Carolina Health from April 2014-May 2020. Co-primary endpoints are HTN incidence and severity at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Other endpoints include antihypertensive use. Incidence of HTN was assessed by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). Hypertension Guideline stage. Severity of HTN was assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade. Preliminary data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. A linear mixed effects regression model and logistic mixed effects model will assess blood pressure (BP) change over 24 weeks and estimate probability of antihypertensive intensification, adjusting for BP, respectively. Of 59 patients with liver (51%), thyroid (19%), abdominal (15%), colon (10%) and other cancers (5%) (mean age 57.3±12 years, 34% African American, 70% Stage 4 cancer, 63% pre-existing HTN), 66% were classified to have Stage 2 HTN at week 4 after initiation of VEGFI therapy. By week 20, 47% of patients were classified to have Stage 2 HTN and 11% were classified at normal BP. At week 4, CTCAE grade 3 HTN peaked at 43% of patients experiencing adverse BP. Patients with and without pre-existing HTN experienced BP elevations. Of a total of 244 patient visits, there were 33 interventions made that resulted in an intensification of antihypertensive agent therapy. When antihypertensive agents were initiated, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers were most widely prescribed (58%) followed by beta- blockers (17%). A clinically meaningful increase in HTN incidence and severity occurred following VEGFI initiation independent of pre-existing HTN. The data from this study will be included in formal analysis of a larger data set with other cancer types and therapies. Overall, this study illustrated the need for close BP monitoring and suggested a need for treatment with antihypertensive agents for patients with cancer who are initiated on oral VEGFI therapy.
A survey of etiologic hypotheses among testicular cancer researchers
Creators: name: Rajpert-De Meyts, E.
name: Almstrup, K.
name: McGlynn, K. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Basic research results can provide new ideas and hypotheses to be examined in epidemiological studies. We conducted a survey among testicular cancer researchers on hypotheses concerning the etiology of this malignancy. All researchers on the mailing list of Copenhagen Testis Cancer Workshops and corresponding authors of PubMed-indexed articles identified by the search term “testicular cancer” and published within 10 years (in total 2750 recipients) were invited to respond to an e-mail based survey. Participants of the 8th Copenhagen Testis Cancer Workshop in May 2014 were subsequently asked to rate the plausibility of the suggested etiologic hypotheses on a scale of 1 (very implausible) to 10 (very plausible). This report describes the methodology of the survey, the score distributions by individual hypotheses, hypothesis group and the participants’ major research fields, and discuss the hypotheses that scored as most plausible. We also present plans for improving the survey that may be repeated at a next international meeting of experts in testicular cancer.
Probe of anomalous quartic $WWZγ$ couplings in the photon-photon collisions
Creators: name: Senol, A.
name: Köksal, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we examine the potentials of the processes $γγ\rightarrow W^{+} W^{-}Z $ and $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow e^{+}γ^{*} γ^{*} e^{-} \rightarrow e^{+} W^{+} W^{-} Z e^{-}$ at the CLIC with $\sqrt{s}=0.5,1.5$ and $3$ TeV to investigate anomalous quartic $WWZγ$ couplings by two different CP-violating and CP-conserving effective Lagrangians. We find $95\%$ confidence level limits on the anomalous coupling parameters at the three CLIC energies and various integrated luminosities. The best limits obtained from the process $γγ\rightarrow W^{+} W^{-}Z $ on the anomalous $\frac{k_{0}^{W}}{Λ^{2}}$, $\frac{k_{c}^{W}}{Λ^{2}}$ and $\frac{k_{2}^{m}}{Λ^{2}}$ couplings defined by CP-conserving effective Lagrangians are $[-1.73;\, 1.73]\times 10^{-7}$ GeV$^{-2}$, $[-2.44;\, 2.44]\times 10^{-7}$ and $[-1.89; \, 1.89]\times 10^{-7}$ GeV$^{-2}$, while $\frac{a_{n}}{Λ^{2}}$ coupling determined by CP-violating effective Lagrangians is obtained as $[-1.74;\, 1.74]\times 10^{-7}$ GeV$^{-2}$. In addition, the best limits derived on $\frac{k_{0}^{W}}{Λ^{2}}$, $\frac{k_{c}^{W}}{Λ^{2}}$ and $\frac{k_{2}^{m}}{Λ^{2}}$ and $\frac{a_{n}}{Λ^{2}}$ from the process $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow e^{+}γ^{*} γ^{*} e^{-} \rightarrow e^{+} W^{+} W^{-} Z e^{-}$ are obtained as $[-1.09;\, 1.09]\times 10^{-6}$ GeV$^{-2}$, $[-1.54;\, 1.54]\times 10^{-6}$ GeV$^{-2}$, $[-1.18;\, 1.18]\times 10^{-6}$ and $[-1.04;\, 1.04]\times 10^{-6}$ GeV$^{-2}$, respectively.
description: 33 pages, 27 figures, 4 tables, version to appear in JHEP
The Role of Tissue Factor and Factor VIIa in Hemostasis
Creators: name: Mackman, Nigel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane receptor for Factor VII/VIIa (FVII/VIIa). It is constitutively expressed by cells surrounding blood vessels. The endothelium physically separates this potent “activator” from its circulating ligand FVII/FVIIa and prevents inappropriate activation of the clotting cascade. Breakage of the endothelial barrier leads to exposure of extravascular TF and rapid activation of the clotting cascade. TF is also expressed in certain tissues, such as the heart and brain, and provides additional hemostatic protection to these tissues. Small amounts of TF are also present in blood in the form of microparticles, which are small membrane vesicles derived from activated and apoptotic cells. Levels of microparticle TF increase in a variety of diseases, such as sepsis and cancer, and this so-called “blood-borne” TF may contribute to thrombosis associated with these diseases. Recombinant FVIIa has been developed as an effective hemostatic drug for the treatment of hemophilia patients with inhibitory antibodies. In addition, it is used for patients with bleeding that do not respond to conventional therapy. However, the mechanism by which recombinant FVIIa restores hemostasis has not been clearly defined. In conclusion, the TF:FVIIa complex is essential for hemostasis and recombinant FVIIa is an effective hemostatic drug.
Observational studies of the bilateral association between diabetes mellitus and migraine.
Creators: name: Yifei, Luo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Synthesize the data from all epidemiological studies investigating the bilateral relationship between diabetes and migraine and conduct a meta-analysis to further clarify the relationship between the two and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of these two diseases.