cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Target categorization of aerosol and clouds by continuous multiwavelength-polarization lidar measurements
Creators: name: Baars, Holger
name: Seifert, Patric
name: Engelmann, Ronny
name: Wandinger, Ulla
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: aerosol
subject: analytical method
subject: boundary layer
subject: climate prediction
subject: cloud
subject: data set
subject: dispersion
subject: equipment
subject: lidar
subject: measurement method
subject: methodology
subject: pixel
subject: polarization
subject: relative humidity
subject: wavelength
subject: 550

description: Absolute calibrated signals at 532 and 1064 nm and the depolarization ratio from a multiwavelength lidar are used to categorize primary aerosol but also clouds in high temporal and spatial resolution. Automatically derived particle backscatter coefficient profiles in low temporal resolution (30 min) are applied to calibrate the lidar signals. From these calibrated lidar signals, new atmospheric parameters in temporally high resolution (quasi-particle-backscatter coefficients) are derived. By using thresholds obtained from multiyear, multisite EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) measurements, four aerosol classes (small; large, spherical; large, non-spherical; mixed, partly nonspherical) and several cloud classes (liquid, ice) are defined. Thus, particles are classified by their physical features (shape and size) instead of by source. The methodology is applied to 2 months of continuous observations (24 h a day, 7 days a week) with the multiwavelength-Raman-polarization lidar PollyXT during the High-Definition Clouds and Precipitation for advancing Climate Prediction (HD(CP)2) Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE) in spring 2013. Cloudnet equipment was operated continuously directly next to the lidar and is used for comparison. By discussing three 24 h case studies, it is shown that the aerosol discrimination is very feasible and informative and gives a good complement to the Cloudnet target categorization. Performing the categorization for the 2-month data set of the entire HOPE campaign, almost 1 million pixel (5 min×30 m) could be analysed with the newly developed tool. We find that the majority of the aerosol trapped in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) was composed of small particles as expected for a heavily populated and industrialized area. Large, spherical aerosol was observed mostly at the top of the PBL and close to the identified cloud bases, indicating the importance of hygroscopic growth of the particles at high relative humidity. Interestingly, it is found that on several days non-spherical particles were dispersed from the ground into the atmosphere.
IL VALORE DEL 'PRECEDENTE' NELLA GIURISPRUDENZA DEL GIUDICE DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA
Creators: name: POSTIGLIONE, MIRIAM
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: The value of ?precedent? in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the attempt to identify its characteristics within the European Union legal framework cannot be proceeded without the preemptive analysis of the legal reasoning and of the creative role of the judge. The role of the precedent in the legal reasoning and in the interpretation of the European Union law, as well as the unanimously accepted capacity of the judge to ?create? law, are to be indented as the pivotal conditions allowing the development of a stare decisis system. The second part of the present thesis is focused on the peculiar features of the judicial precedent in the case law of the Court of Justice. In particular, we could notice, firstly, the absence of a clear definition and distinction between the concept of ratio decidendi and obiter dicta; secondly, we underline the need to overcome the classical distinction between persuasive precedent and binding precedent, in order to properly evaluate the scale of value that the precedent can take following the use and the function that is playing from time to time. Moreover, the analysis of the efficacy of the precedent will be confined, in this second part of the work, to the ?self-precedent? of the Court, meaning to the obligation for the judge to follow his own precedent. The analysis will then highlight the role of precedent in case it is overruled or distinguished by the Court: practice that, ultimately, has to be conceived as a confirmation, as well as a recognition, of the precedent?s value. Furthermore, in spite of the absence of a doctrine of precedent in the European Union legal system, we recall two circumstances in which the judicial precedent assumes a de facto binding value. Firstly, we analyse the use of precedent in the decision-making activity of the judge, and then those norms of the rules of procedure that required the Court of Justice to decide by explicit reference to the previous judgment. Lastly, the analysis will be focus on the efficacy of the Court?s precedent with respect to the Tribunal is the evaluation of the impact of the vertical relationship between the two judges and the extension to which the Tribunal is bound by the Court?s as well as in the relationship between the Court and the national judge.
Variability of Disk Emission in Pre-Main Sequence and Related Stars. III. Exploring Structural Changes in the Pre-transitional Disk in HD 169142
Creators: name: Wagner, Kevin R.
name: Sitko, Michael L.
name: Grady, Carol A.
name: Whitney, Barbara A.
name: Swearingen, Jeremy R.
name: Champney, Elizabeth H.
name: Johnson, Alexa N.
name: Werren, Chelsea
name: Russell, Ray W.
name: Schneider, Glenn H.
name: Momose, Munetake
name: Muto, Takayuki
name: Inoue, Akio K.
name: Lauroesch, James T.
name: Brown, Alexander
name: Fukagawa, Misato
name: Currie, Thayne M.
name: Hornbeck, Jeremy
name: Wisniewski, John P.
name: Woodgate, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-IR and far-UV observations of the pre-transitional (gapped) disk in HD 169142 using NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility and Hubble Space Telescope. The combination of our data along with existing data sets into the broadband spectral energy distribution reveals variability of up to 45% between ~1.5-10 μm over a maximum timescale of 10 years. All observations known to us separate into two distinct states corresponding to a high near-IR state in the pre-2000 epoch and a low state in the post-2000 epoch, indicating activity within the <1 AU region of the disk. Through analysis of the Pa β and Br γ lines in our data we derive a mass accretion rate in May 2013 of (1.5 - 2.7) x 10^-9 Msun/yr. We present a theoretical modeling analysis of the disk in HD 169142 using Monte-Carlo radiative transfer simulation software to explore the conditions and perhaps signs of planetary formation in our collection of 24 years of observations. We find that shifting the outer edge (r = 0.3 AU) of the inner disk by 0.05 AU toward the star (in simulation of accretion and/or sculpting by forming planets) successfully reproduces the shift in NIR flux. We establish that the ~40-70 AU dark ring imaged in the NIR by Quanz et al. (2013) and Momose et al. (2013) and at 7 mm by Osorio et al. (2014) may be reproduced with a 30% scaled density profile throughout the region, strengthening the link to this structure being dynamically cleared by one or more planetary mass bodies.
Nucleating quark droplets in the core of magnetars
Creators: name: Kroff, Daniel
name: Fraga, Eduardo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To assess the possibility of homogeneous nucleation of quark matter in magnetars, we investigate the formation of chirally symmetric droplets in a cold and dense environment in the presence of an external magnetic field. As a framework, we use the one-loop effective potential of the two-flavor quark-meson model. Within the thin-wall approximation, we extract all relevant nucleation parameters and provide an estimate for the typical time scales for the chiral phase conversion in magnetized compact star matter. We show how the critical chemical potential, critical radius, correlation length and surface tension are affected, and how their combination to define the nucleation time seems to allow for nucleation of quark droplets in magnetar matter even for not so small values of the surface tension.
description: 7pages, 6 figures; v2: Some clarifications added, figure 1 updated
Algorithms and uncertainties for the determination of multispectral irradiance components and aerosol optical depth from a shipborne rotating shadowband radiometer
Creators: name: Witthuhn, Jonas
name: Deneke, Hartwig
name: Macke, Andreas
name: Bernhard, Germar
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: aerosol property
subject: algorithm
subject: calibration
subject: confidence interval
subject: irradiance
subject: optical depth
subject: precipitable water
subject: radiometer
subject: Rayleigh number
subject: scattering
subject: shipborne measurement
subject: spectral analysis
subject: transmittance
subject: uncertainty analysis
subject: water vapor
subject: 550

description: The 19-channel rotating shadowband radiometer GUVis-3511 built by Biospherical Instruments provides automated shipborne measurements of the direct, diffuse and global spectral irradiance components without a requirement for platform stabilization. Several direct sun products, including spectral direct beam transmittance, aerosol optical depth, Ångström exponent and precipitable water, can be derived from these observations. The individual steps of the data analysis are described, and the different sources of uncertainty are discussed. The total uncertainty of the observed direct beam transmittances is estimated to be about 4% for most channels within a 95% confidence interval for shipborne operation. The calibration is identified as the dominating contribution to the total uncertainty. A comparison of direct beam transmittance with those obtained from a Cimel sunphotometer at a land site and a manually operated Microtops II sunphotometer on a ship is presented. Measurements deviate by less than 3 and 4% on land and on ship, respectively, for most channels and in agreement with our previous uncertainty estimate. These numbers demonstrate that the instrument is well suited for shipborne operation, and the applied methods for motion correction work accurately. Based on spectral direct beam transmittance, aerosol optical depth can be retrieved with an uncertainty of 0.02 for all channels within a 95% confidence interval. The different methods to account for Rayleigh scattering and gas absorption in our scheme and in the Aerosol Robotic Network processing for Cimel sunphotometers lead to minor deviations. Relying on the cross calibration of the 940 nm water vapor channel with the Cimel sunphotometer, the column amount of precipitable water can be estimated with an uncertainty of ±0.034 cm.
PROGRAMME PRIMAROSA 3 cruise,Marion Dufresne R/V
Creators: name: TURON Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2004

description: Le 'PROGRAMME PRIMAROSA 3' (Paleoclimatic Research In Mediterranean Atlantic Record Overflow Sedimentary Activity) est inclus dans la campagne MD142/ALIENOR2 (A LIbon-El Ferrol cruise. A support for North Oriental Atlantic Research).Variabilité paléoclimatique Quaternaire, 450 000 dernières années, Relation Océan-Continent.
IDENTIFICATION OF GENE REGULATORY MODULES IN A HUMAN MODEL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL INFLAMMATION: A BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH
Creators: name: MAZZA, EMILIA MARIA CRISTINA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: In healthy organisms, inflammation is the first defense mechanism and monocytes and macrophages are among the key players of this process. Since a alteration of the activity of these cell populations is at the base of several pathological conditions, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of monocyte/macrophage activation represents a major step to study inflammatory disorders and, eventually, develop new therapeutic strategies. However, these mechanisms and their interplay during monocyte/macrophage activation still remain poorly characterized. Here, we report the setup of a physiological inflammation model, based on human primary cells, and of a bioinformatics approach that allow studying the development of the inflammatory reaction during its entire course and elucidating networks of molecular interactions which are at the basis of this process. Specifically, human blood monocytes isolated from blood of normal healthy donors have been cultured and exposed to a combination of factors reproducing physiological inflammatory conditions and their gene expression profiles monitored during a time course of 48 hours. The computational process starts with the identification of those genes whose expression changes during the time course and that, through enrichment analysis, appear to be involved in inflammatory processes. These genes can be considered as controllers of the process and thus are further used as regulators to identify regulatory modules. Using these computational methods we have been able to obtain genes that characterize the various steps of the inflammatory process and to reconstruct their connection modules. Finally, to validate our results we performed a comparison between data from the physiological inflammation model and data obtained from ChIP-seq that combines chromatin immunoprecipitation with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins.
Magnetic Structure of Hexagonal Mn-doped LuFeO$_{3}$
Creators: name: Disseler, Steven M.
name: Luo, Xuan
name: Oh, Yoon Seok
name: Hu, Rongwei
name: Quintana, Dylan
name: Zhang, Alexander
name: Lynn, Jeffrey W.
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
name: Ratcliff, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron scattering techniques are used to investigate the crystalline and magnetic structure of LuFe$_{0.75}$Mn$_{0.25}$O$_{3}$ in bulk polycrystalline form. We find that the crystalline structure is described by the hexagonal P6$_{3}$cm space group similar to that of thin-film LuFeO$_{3}$, and that the system orders antiferromagnetically below T$_{N}$ = 134 K. Inelastic neutron scattering reveals nearest-neighbor superexchange parameters that are enhanced relative to LuMnO$_{3}$. The observation of significant diffuse scattering above T$_{N}$ demonstrates the frustrated nature of the system; comparisons with similar materials suggest the ground state magnetic configuration is sensitive to local crystallographic distortions.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
DYSPHAGIA IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: SWALLOWING PROFILES AND NUTRITIONAL RISK
Creators: name: PIZZORNI, NICOLE
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: The PhD dissertation focuses on the topic of dysphagia in neurodegenerative diseases. The first aim was to investigate the frequency of dysphagia in 55 patients with different stages of Huntington?s disease through an instrumental assessment of swallowing. Dysphagia was found in 30% of the patients in the early stage, in 90% of patients in the moderate stage, and in all patients in the advanced stage. Diagnostic accuracy of a neurological clinical scale was investigated and a cut-off was identified to guide the neurologists in the referral to the swallowing team. A second study analyzed the association between maximum tongue pressure and signs of dysphagia during fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Results showed that patients with residue in the pyriform sinus had lower maximum tongue pressure. Measuring maximum tongue pressure in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis may provide additional information on swallowing function and may potentially represent a marker for eating-related fatigue. Chapter 4 describes the development and validation of the Mealtime Assessment Scale (MAS), a clinical protocol to assess swallowing safety and efficacy during meal. Finally, the association between dysphagia and risk of malnutrition was investigated in 162 patients with neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington?s disease, Parkinson?s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). Age, type of oral intake, residue in the valleculae with semisolids, penetration with liquids, swallowing safety during meal, number of masticatory cycles, and oral phase duration were significantly associated with risk of malnutrition in three neurodegenerative diseases, but only age and swallowing safety during the meal were independent predictors of malnutrition risk. Clinical implications of the studies are discussed.
Core outcomes set for research on the treatment of opioid use disorder (COS-OUD): the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network protocol for an e-Delphi consensus study
Creators: name: Karnik, Niranjan S
name: Campbell, Cynthia I
name: Curtis, Megan E
name: Fiellin, David A
name: Ghitza, Udi
name: Hefner, Kathryn
name: Hser, Yih-Ing
name: McHugh, R Kathryn
name: Murphy, Sean M
name: McPherson, Sterling M
name: Moran, Landhing
name: Mooney, Larissa J
name: Wu, Li-Tzy
name: Shmueli-Blumberg, Dikla
name: Shulman, Matisyahu
name: Schwartz, Robert P
name: Stephens, Kari A
name: Watkins, Katherine E
name: Marsden, John
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: BACKGROUND: A lack of consensus on the optimal outcome measures to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) has hampered the pooling of research data for evidence synthesis and clinical guidelines. A core outcome set (COS) is a minimum set of outcome measures that are recommended for all studies of a particular condition. The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) Core Outcome Set for OUD (COS-OUD) is a development study to identify core constructs, meaningful outcomes, and their optimal measurement for all efficacy and effectiveness studies of OUD treatment and service delivery. METHODS/DESIGN: Overseen by an expert workgroup, a modified, stepwise, e-Delphi methodology will be used to gain consensus among a panel of clinical practitioners and researchers involved in the treatment of OUD, who are members of the CTN. Sequential rounds of anonymous, online questionnaires will be used to identify, rate the importance of, and refine a core outcome set. A consensus threshold will be achieved if at least 70% of the panel rate the measure as critical for inclusion in the COS-OUD. Where consensus is not reached or there are suggestions for new measures, these will be brought forward to a further round of review prior to a consensus meeting. Products from this study will be communicated via peer-reviewed scientific journals and conferences. DISCUSSION: This initiative will develop a COS for OUD intervention trials, treatment studies, and service delivery and will support the pooling of research and clinical practice data and efforts to develop measurement-based care within the OUD treatment cascade. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/1579.
Footprint-weighted tile approach for a spruce forest and a nearby patchy clearing using the ACASA model
Creators: name: Gatzsche, Kathrin
name: Babel, Wolfgang
name: Falge, Eva
name: Pyles, Rex David
name: Paw U., Kyaw Tha
name: Raabe, Armin
name: Foken, Thomas
Publisher: name: Katlenburg-Lindau [u.a.] : Copernicus
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Bowen ratio
subject: buoyancy
subject: carbon dioxide
subject: clearcutting
subject: coniferous forest
subject: energy balance
subject: heterogeneity
subject: land use
subject: latent heat flux
subject: net ecosystem exchange
subject: vegetation dynamics
subject: Picea
subject: 550
subject: 570

description: The ACASA (Advanced Canopy-Atmosphere-Soil Algorithm) model, with a higher-order closure for tall vegetation, has already been successfully tested and validated for homogeneous spruce forests. The aim of this paper is to test the model using a footprint-weighted tile approach for a clearing with a heterogeneous structure of the underlying surface. The comparison with flux data shows a good agreement with a footprint-aggregated tile approach of the model. However, the results of a comparison with a tile approach on the basis of the mean land use classification of the clearing is not significantly different. It is assumed that the footprint model is not accurate enough to separate small-scale heterogeneities. All measured fluxes are corrected by forcing the energy balance closure of the test data either by maintaining the measured Bowen ratio or by the attribution of the residual depending on the fractions of sensible and latent heat flux to the buoyancy flux. The comparison with the model, in which the energy balance is closed, shows that the buoyancy correction for Bowen ratios > 1.5 better fits the measured data. For lower Bowen ratios, the correction probably lies between the two methods, but the amount of available data was too small to make a conclusion. With an assumption of similarity between water and carbon dioxide fluxes, no correction of the net ecosystem exchange is necessary for Bowen ratios > 1.5.
Oxygen producing microscale spheres affect cell survival in conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation in a cell specific manner: Implications for cell transplantation
Creators: name: Newland, Heike
name: Eigel, Dimitri
name: Rosser, Anne E.
name: Werner, Carsten
name: Newland, Ben
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Royal Soc. of Chemistry
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell culture media
subject: Cell survival
subject: Cell transplantation
subject: Dissolved oxygen contents
subject: Glucose deprivation
subject: Micro-scale
subject: Oxygen glucose deprivation
subject: SH SY5Y Cells
subject: 540

description: This study outlines the synthesis of microscale oxygen producing spheres, which, when used in conjunction with catalase, can raise the dissolved oxygen content of cell culture media for 16-20 hours. In conditions of oxygen and glucose deprivation, designed to mimic the graft environment in vivo, the spheres rescue SH-SY5Y cells and meschymal stem cells, showing that oxygen producing biomaterials may hold potential to improve the survival of cells post-transplantation.
Forty years of temporal analysis of products
Creators: name: Morgan, K.
name: Maguire, N.
name: Fushimi, R.
name: Gleaves, J. T.
name: Goguet, A.
name: Harold, M. P.
name: Kondratenko, E. V.
name: Menon, U.
name: Schuurman, Y.
name: Yablonsky, G. S.
Publisher: name: London : RSC Publ.
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical methods
subject: Reaction kinetics
subject: Catalyst characterization
subject: Catalytic process
subject: Heterogeneous reactions
subject: Numerical modeling method
subject: Reaction mechanism
subject: Research communities
subject: Temporal analysis of product
subject: Transient studies
subject: 540

description: A detailed understanding of reaction mechanisms and kinetics is required in order to develop and optimize catalysts and catalytic processes. While steady-state investigations are known to give a global view of the catalytic system, transient studies are invaluable since they can provide more comprehensive insight into elementary steps. For almost forty years temporal analysis of products (TAP) has been successfully utilized for transient studies of gas phase heterogeneous reactions, and there have been a number of advances in instrumentation and numerical modeling methods in that time. Since TAP is a complex methodology it is often viewed as a niche specialty. With the purpose to make TAP more relevant and approachable to a wider segment of the catalytic research community, part of the intention of this work is to highlight the significant contributions TAP has made to elucidating mechanistic and kinetic aspects of complex, multi-step heterogeneous reactions. With this in mind, an outlook is also disclosed for the technique in terms of what is needed to revitalize the field and make it more applicable to the recent advances in catalyst characterization (e.g. operando modes).
Assessing the diversity of anti-establishment and populist politics in Central and Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Engler, Sarah
name: Pytlas, Bartek
name: Deegan-Krause, Kevin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: The more populism enters public debates, the more it needs close scrutiny. Central and Eastern Europe offers a useful context for exploring the diversity of parties identified as populist. Anti-establishment rhetoric provides a suitable conceptual starting point because of its pervasive role in the region’s political discourse. Using a new expert survey, this article details the relationship between anti-establishment salience and political positions, showing that anti-establishment parties occupy a full range across both economic and cultural dimensions and many occupy more centrist positions. Narrowing the focus to content analysis of anti-establishment parties’ thin ideology in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, it is concurrently found that for many actors (including those usually labelled as populist) anti-establishment rhetoric is indeed predominant, yet not always extensively combined with other elements of populism: people-centrism and invocation of general will. The findings are important for understanding multiple varieties of anti-establishment politics also beyond the region.
Relativistic superfluidity and vorticity from the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation
Creators: name: Xiong, Chi
name: Good, Michael R. R.
name: Guo, Yulong
name: Liu, Xiaopei
name: Huang, Kerson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate superfluidity, and the mechanism for creation of quantized vortices, in the relativistic regime. The general framework is a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in curved spacetime for a complex scalar field, whose phase dynamics gives rise to superfluidity. The mechanisms discussed are local inertial forces (Coriolis and centrifugal), and current-current interaction with an external source. The primary application is to cosmology, but we also discuss the reduction to the non-relativistic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is widely used in describing superfluidity and vorticity in liquid helium and cold-trapped atomic gases.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Revised version. To appear in Phys. Rev. D
Connecticut COVID-19 Education Research Collaborative (CCERC) Remote Learning Study
Creators: name: Strambler, Michael
name: Ross, Stephen
name: Young, Michael
name: Kaufman, Joy
name: Meyer, Joanna
name: Genovese, Maegan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: ccerc
subject: connecticut
subject: COVID-19
subject: education
subject: remote learning
subject: school closures

description: In fall 2021, the Connecticut COVID-19 Education Research Collaborative (CCERC) selected a team of researchers from Yale University and the University of Connecticut to conduct an audit of school districts’ emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This audit was requested by the Connecticut General Assembly in Section 389 of Public Act 21-2ss and the goal of this current study in response to this request is to learn and share with state and local leaders: 1. How local and regional boards of education provided remote learning during the first two school years impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-20 and 2020-21), 2. How remote learning impacted the quality of instructional delivery, and 3. How remote learning impacted the educational progress of students in grades K-12, students’ physical and emotional development, and students access to special services including mental health and nutrition services.
National past and populism: the re-elaboration of fascism and its impact on right-wing populism in Western Europe
Creators: name: Caramani, Daniele
name: Manucci, Luca
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The electoral performance of right-wing populism depends on the type of re-elaboration of countries’ national past and their collective memories. Complementing socio-economic and political-institutional factors, the article analyses cultural opportunity structures. Given the link between fascist and populist visions of power, it shows that different collective memories of the fascist past and World War II open up or close down the space for right-wing populist parties. Theoretically, the typology includes four types of re-elaboration: culpabilisation, victimisation, heroisation and cancellation. Results of a comparative analysis of eight West European countries based on a novel measurement method point to (1) culpabilisation and heroisation as types of re-elaboration limiting right-wing populist parties’ electoral performance, (2) cancellation as a type having an undetermined effect, and (3) victimisation as a type triggering the success of right-wing populist parties.
Interesting and new street tree species for European cities
Creators: name: Roloff, Andreas
name: Gillner, Sten
name: Kniesel, Rico
name: Zhang, Deshun
Publisher: name: Journal of Forest and Landscape Research
Year: 2018

description: Effects of climate change lead to decreasing vitality and increase mortality risk for many native tree species growing under harsh environmental conditions in towns and cities. Taking into account the risks of invasiveness, practical management and scientific experience alternative species and rising floristic biodiversity may help to reduce vulnerability of urban green space. Regardless of the emotional debate considering foreign species, the potential of urban street tree species originating from China may be considered for European urban places in particular in regions with expected drier and hotter conditions. The selection of 40 commonly used Chinese tree species took as its starting point observations and local experiences of five research expeditions between 2009 and 2016 concentrating on the metropoles of Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Jinan, and Fuyang. For the considered species only little practical and scientific knowledge is available for Central Europe.
description: Journal of Forest and Landscape Research, Vol 3 No 1 (2018)
Highly Planarized Naphthalene Diimide-Bifuran Copolymers with Unexpected Charge Transport Performance
Creators: name: Matsidik, Rukiya
name: Luzio, Alessandro
name: Askin, Özge
name: Fazzi, Daniele
name: Sepe, Alessandro
name: Steiner, Ullrich
name: Komber, Hartmut
name: Caironi, Mario
name: Sommer, Michael
Publisher: name: Washington, DC : American Chemical Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Density functional theory
subject: Bithiophenes
subject: Dichroic ratios
subject: Naphthalene diimide
subject: Novel copolymers
subject: Polymer backbones
subject: Steric interactions
subject: Transport performance
subject: UV-vis spectroscopy
subject: 540

description: The synthesis, characterization, and charge transport performance of novel copolymers PNDIFu2 made from alternating naphthalene diimide (NDI) and bifuran (Fu2) units are reported. Usage of potentially biomass-derived Fu2 as alternating repeat unit enables flattened polymer backbones due to reduced steric interactions between the imide oxygens and Fu2 units, as seen by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and UV-vis spectroscopy. Aggregation of PNDIFu2 in solution is enhanced if compared to the analogous NDI-bithiophene (T2) copolymers PNDIT2, occurring in all solvents and temperatures probed. PNDIFu2 features a smaller π-π stacking distance of 0.35 nm compared to 0.39 nm seen for PNDIT2. Alignment of aggregates in films is achieved by using off-center spin coating, whereby PNDIFu2 exhibits a stronger dichroic ratio and transport anisotropy in field-effect transistors (FET) compared to PNDIT2, with an overall good electron mobility of 0.21 cm2/(V s). Despite an enhanced backbone planarity, the smaller π-π stacking and the enhanced charge transport anisotropy, the electron mobility of PNDIFu2 is about three times lower compared to PNDIT2. Density functional theory calculations suggest that charge transport in PNDIFu2 is limited by enhanced polaron localization compared to PNDIT2.
Finite Gauge Transformations and Geometry in Double Field Theory
Creators: name: Hull, C M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently proposed forms for gauge transformations with finite parameters in double field theory are discussed and problematic issues are identified. A new form for finite gauge transformations is derived that reveals the underlying gerbe structure and the close relationship with generalised geometry. The nature of generalised tensors is elucidated, and in particular it is seen that the presence of a constant metric with split signature does not restrict the doubled geometry, provided it is a generalised tensor rather than a conventional tensor.
description: 28 pages
Populism in election times: a comparative analysis of 11 countries in Western Europe
Creators: name: Bernhard, Laurent
name: Kriesi, Hanspeter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: The article comparatively examines the levels of populism exhibited by parties in Western Europe. It relies on a quantitative content analysis of press releases collected in the context of 11 national elections between 2012 and 2015. In line with the first hypothesis, the results show that parties from both the radical right and the radical left make use of populist appeals more frequently than mainstream parties. With regard to populism on cultural issues, the article establishes that the radical right outclasses the remaining parties, thereby supporting the second hypothesis. On economic issues, both types of radical parties are shown to be particularly populist. This pattern counters the third hypothesis, which suggests that economic populism is most prevalent among the radical left. Finally, there is no evidence for the fourth hypothesis, given that parties from the south do not resort to more populism on economic issues than those from the north.
VT 96 / DEFLO-HYDRO-B cruise,Marion Dufresne R/V
Creators: name: BRACHET Cédric
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2008

description: DEFLO-HYDRO (observation de la DEFormation de la Lithosphère Océanique à l'aide d'HYDROphones) est un projet d'observation hydroacoustique continu de plus d'un an (12-18 mois) de l'activité sismique dans l'océan Indien.  Pour ce projet, 3 hydrophones autonomes ont été immergés dans le canal SOFAR pendant 14 mois entre les îles de La Réunion, Kerguelen et Amsterdam.  Leur déploiement a été effectué lors de la campagne MD157 (oct 2006). Leur récupération a été réalisée lors de deux missions en janvier 2008 (MD165-VT95) et avril 2008 (OP2008/1). Le dispositif proposé a été configuré pour une surveillance acoustique continue de l'activité sismique de 3 dorsales à taux d'ouverture contrastés (16 à 70 mm/a) et de la déformation intraplaque du sud du bassin Indien Central.  L'approche est particulièrement performante pour détecter et localiser la sismicité de faible magnitude (>2.5) qui échappe aux réseaux sismologiques terrestres et distinguer les évènements d'origine tectonique ou magmatique.  Les objectifs sont de caractériser le fonctionnement spatio-temporelle de 3 dorsales ultra-lente, lente et intermédiaire, de préciser la distribution spatio-temporelle des déformations intraplaques, et de vérifier la présence de précurseurs de faible magnitude avant les séismes majeurs sur les failles actives sous-marines.Cet observatoire sera également utilisé pour détecter l'activité acoustique des mammifères marins en particulier les grandes baleines.Le projet de rattachement est DEFLO-HYDRO.
NOUCAPLAC/1 cruise,L'Atalante R/V
Creators: name: ROEST Walter
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2004

description: La campagne s'inscrit dans le cadre du programme national EXTRAPLAC, dont l'IFREMER est maître d'oeuvre et auquel participe l'IFP, le SHOM et l'IPEV.Les objectifs de la campagne NOUCAPLAC/1 sont ceux du programme EXTRAPLAC : fournir les données et interprétations nécessaires aux demandes d'extension du plateau continental juridique auprès de la commission spécialisée des Nations Unies.Les principales informations recherchées sont : nature et continuité des structures profondes et détermination du pied de talus dans le secteur sud-est de la Nouvelle Calédonie où se trouve une extension potentielle du plateau continental juridique.
A Recalcitrant Problem for Abstract Creationism
Creators: name: Brock, Stuart
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220299 History and Philosophy of Specific Fields not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Philosophy
subject: 190199 Art Theory and Criticism not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: No description supplied
Direct synthesis of benzylic amines by palladium-catalyzed carbonylative aminohomologation of aryl halides
Creators: name: Peng, Jin-Bao
name: Wu, Fu-Peng
name: Xu, Cong
name: Qi, Xinxin
name: Ying, Jun
name: Wu, Xiao-Feng
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: aminomethylation
subject: transformation
subject: imatinib
subject: methanol
subject: imines
subject: 540

description: Benzylic amines are valuable compounds with important applications in areas including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The known procedures for their synthesis are limited by difficulties in functionalizing the parent aminomethyl groups. On the other hand, carbonylation reactions offer a potent method to introduce carbonyl groups and homologate carbon chains. However, carbonylative aminohomologation of aryl halides is challenging due to competing reactions and the need to balance multiple sequential steps. Here we report a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative aminohomologation reaction for the direct aminomethylation of aryl halides. The reaction proceeds via a tandem palladium-catalyzed formylation, followed by imine formation and formic acid-mediated reduction. Useful functional groups including chloride, bromide, ester, ketone, nitro, and cyano are compatible with this reaction. Both aryl iodides and bromides are suitable substrates and a wide range of synthetically useful amines are efficiently obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
Long-time limit of correlation functions
Creators: name: Franosch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Auto-correlation functions in an equilibrium stochastic process are well-characterized by Bochner's theorem as Fourier transforms of a finite symmetric Borel measure. The existence of a long-time limit of these correlation functions depends on the spectral properties of the measure. Here we provide conditions applicable to a wide-class of dynamical theories guaranteeing the existence of the long-time limit. We discuss the implications in the context of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition where a non-trivial long-time limit signals an idealized glass state.
description: 6 pages
EXPLORANDO O EXERCÍCIO CEREBRAL COMO FERRAMENTA PARA UMA VIDA SAUDÁVEL E ATIVA: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Creators: name: Maria Eduarda Ferreira de Azevedo
name: Rhaíza Victória Feitoza Pires Cabral
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A saúde cerebral e o bem-estar mental têm se tornado cada vez mais importantes na sociedade atual. Com o aumento da expectativa de vida e o envelhecimento da população, é fundamental compreender como manter um cérebro saudável e ativo ao longo dos anos. Diante do exposto surge, portanto, o seguinte problema: O que é um paciente neurológico? Como a velhice afeta as funções cerebrais? O que causa problema neurológico? Quais são as alterações neurológicas no idoso? O que acontece com o cérebro do idoso? Como estimular o cérebro do idoso? Com base na revisão bibliográfica, considera-se a hipótese deste estudo o fato que o exercício cerebral pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz para promover uma vida saudável e ativa, para a prevenção de doenças, o retardo do declínio cognitivo e a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Este estudo tem como objetivo geral explorar o exercício cerebral como uma ferramenta para promover uma vida saudável e ativa, com ênfase na prevenção de doenças neurológicas e no aumento da qualidade de vida por meio da manutenção de um cérebro ativo e saudável. Diante do exposto presente estudo, tratou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, onde foi realizada uma extensa pesquisa em bases de dados científicos, incluindo PubMed, Google Scholar e Scopus, utilizando palavras-chave como "exercício cerebral", "envelhecimento saudável", "declínio cognitivo", "inteligência emocional" e "qualidade de vida". o paciente neurológico é aquele que enfrenta desafios relacionados ao sistema nervoso, sendo que o processo de envelhecimento intensifica muitos desses desafios. Entretanto, com a devida compreensão e intervenção, é possível minimizar os impactos negativos e proporcionar uma velhice mais saudável e com qualidade de vida.
Linear and ring polymers in confined geometries
Creators: name: Usatenko, Zoryana
name: Kuterba, Piotr
name: Chamati, Hassan
name: Romeis, Dirk
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: dna-molecules
subject: depletion interaction
subject: adsorption
subject: chains
subject: probability
subject: mixtures
subject: topology
subject: behavior
subject: force
subject: knots
subject: 530

description: A short overview of the theoretical and experimental works on the polymer-colloid mixtures is given. The behaviour of a dilute solution of linear and ring polymers in confined geometries like slit of two parallel walls or in the solution of mesoscopic colloidal particles of big size with different adsorbing or repelling properties in respect to polymers is discussed. Besides, we consider the massive field theory approach in fixed space dimensions d = 3 for the investigation of the interaction between long flexible polymers and mesoscopic colloidal particles of big size and for the calculation of the correspondent depletion interaction potentials and the depletion forces between confining walls. The presented results indicate the interesting and nontrivial behavior of linear and ring polymers in confined geometries and give possibility better to understand the complexity of physical effects arising from confinement and chain topology which plays a significant role in the shaping of individual chromosomes and in the process of their segregation, especially in the case of elongated bacterial cells. The possibility of using linear and ring polymers for production of new types of nano- and micro-electromechanical devices is analyzed.
Economic crisis and the variety of populist response: evidence from Greece, Portugal and Spain
Creators: name: Lisi, Marco
name: Llamazares, Iván
name: Tsakatika, Myrto
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Greece, Portugal and Spain are among the countries worst hit by the 2008 Great Recession, followed by significant electoral and political turmoil. However, one of the dimensions in which they differ is the presence and varieties of populism in parties’ political proposals. Drawing on holistic coding of party manifestos, we assess the varying presence of populist rhetoric in mainstream and challenger parties before and after the 2008 economic downturn. Our empirical findings show that populism is much higher in Greece compared to Spain and Portugal. We do not find a significant impact of the crisis as the degree of populism remains rather stable in Greece and Portugal, while it increases in Spain, mainly due to the rise of new populist forces. The study confirms that populist rhetoric is a strategy adopted mainly by challenger and ideologically radical parties. In addition, inclusionary populism is the predominant flavour of populist parties in new Southern Europe, although exclusionary populism is present to a lesser extent in the Greek case. We contend that the interaction between the national context – namely the ideological legacy of parties and the main dimensions of competition – and the strategic options of party leadership is crucial for explaining cross-country variation in the intensity of populism and the specific issues that characterise populist discourse.
Imfit: A Fast, Flexible New Program for Astronomical Image Fitting
Creators: name: Erwin, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I describe a new, open-source astronomical image-fitting program called Imfit, specialized for galaxies but potentially useful for other sources, which is fast, flexible, and highly extensible. A key characteristic of the program is an object-oriented design which allows new types of image components (2D surface-brightness functions) to be easily written and added to the program. Image functions provided with Imfit include the usual suspects for galaxy decompositions (Sersic, exponential, Gaussian), along with Core-Sersic and broken-exponential profiles, elliptical rings, and three components which perform line-of-sight integration through 3D luminosity-density models of disks and rings seen at arbitrary inclinations. Available minimization algorithms include Levenberg-Marquardt, Nelder-Mead simplex, and Differential Evolution, allowing trade-offs between speed and decreased sensitivity to local minima in the fit landscape. Minimization can be done using the standard chi^2 statistic (using either data or model values to estimate per-pixel Gaussian errors, or else user-supplied error images) or Poisson-based maximum-likelihood statistics; the latter approach is particularly appropriate for cases of Poisson data in the low-count regime. I show that fitting low-S/N galaxy images using chi^2 minimization and individual-pixel Gaussian uncertainties can lead to significant biases in fitted parameter values, which are avoided if a Poisson-based statistic is used; this is true even when Gaussian read noise is present.
description: pdflatex, 27 pages, 19 figures. Revised version, accepted by ApJ. Programs, source code, and documentation available at: http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~erwin/code/imfit/