cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: 01_2045
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Evaluations of /r/ attempts of children in speech therapy by speech-language pathologists and child educators
Creators: name: Radanov, Bosko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: Previous studies of treatment for English /r/ (designated with the North American symbol /r/) have mainly used Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) as expert listeners and scalar rating methods (e.g. Chaney, 1998). Tasks have involved rank order judgment of natural or synthesized speech stimuli, with a variety of trained and untrained adult and child listeners. Aims: The present study set out to compare expert and untrained listener evaluations of different /r/ attempts by children. The two comparison groups were SLPs and Educators (teachers or child care workers). A secondary objective was to compare an identification listening task with a paired comparison task. Methods and Procedures: Sixteen /r/ syllables ([ræ], [ar]) were extracted from pre- and post-treatment field recordings of four Canadian English-speaking children. The two tasks (identification of tokens as /r/ or not /r/, and a forced choice comparison of /r/ pairs) were presented through Microsoft Powerpoint under headphones. Twenty SLPs and eighteen Educators judged the quality of the /r/ attempts. Formant analyses were also made of the stimuli. Outcomes and Results: The expert listeners (SLPs) showed higher intra-rater reliability: 91% on the pairwise comparison task and 81% on the identification task, compared with 84%. and 78% for the untrained listeners respectively. Inter-rater reliability on single measures (ICC Educators=.51 in comparison, .21 in identification; SLPs=.42 in comparison; .31 in identification) was lower than that of average measures (ICC Educators=.96 in comparison, .87 in identification; SLPs=.95 in comparison; .92 in identification) Rank order of sample ratings as on- or off-target was similar between the two groups. The rankings matched the normative formant data for /r/ published in Guenther et al. (1999) and Flipsen et al. (2000, 2001) for the best tokens, with SLPs providing a ranking closer to the acoustic norms. Conclusions and Implications: Trained listeners appeared to be better able to identify nuances in /r/ quality, as confirmed by acoustic analysis of /r/ tokens. Intra-rater reliability was higher for SLPs despite greater disagreement among SLPs for single measures of inter-rater reliability. The paired comparison task had higher reliability scores than the identification task for both listener groups
title: Patriarchal religion as portrayed in Genesis 12-50 : comparison with Ancient Near Eastern and Later Israelite religions
Creators: name: Pagolu, Augustine
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: Although Wellhausen had already rejected the historicity of the patriarchs, and with it their religion, and argued that the patriarchal traditions were retrojections of the Monarchical period reflecting the time that the stories arose in Israel, Albrecht Alt made a to definitive beginning to the study of patriarchal religion with his essay, 'Der Gott der Vifter, in which he argued both for a patriarchal religion distinct from Mosaic religion and for the possibility of its originating during or just before the settlement of Israelite clans in Canaan. While many since Wellhausen have continued to reject the historicity of the patriarchs, a number of scholars, in the light of Ugaritic and other archaeological discoveries, have followed Alt in arguing for a distinct patriarchal religion before exodus and before Moses. However, the study of patriarchal religion has chiefly been confined either to the different divine names or to the social and legal practices attested in Genesis.The result of this is that the patriarchal religious and cultic practices frequently attested in Genesis have hardly been focused upon, except by a few scholars who have touched upon them only in passing. The present thesis takes its departure both from the scholarly consensus and from the Hebrew Bible's own testimony that patriarchal religion was distinct from Mosaic religion. In the present thesis, this distinction is chiefly sought in patriarchal worship and cultic practices, such as altars, prayer, pillars, tithes, vows and ritual purity. These aspects are studied in the light of both second millennium ancient Near Eastern and Israelite parallels. This is legitimate since patriarchal religion is portrayed as pre-Mosaic, and since the narrators are Israelites with a Yahwistic ethos. Our findings have been that the patriarchs shared elements in common with both the ANE and Israel only in regard to the concept of their worship and cultic practices. However, the manner of their cultic activity bore no comparison to that of the ANE or Israel, in that the patriarchs themselves built altars and made sacrifices, conducted prayer, raised pillars and offered worship, all without the aid of an established cult or priests. Further, they did these things in an informal and family setting wherever they moved or happened to camp. Neither were the patriarchal religious activities of tithing, vowing or purifying performed at a cult place. While Jacob himself was the sole officiant of the ritual purification of his family at Bethel, Abraham's tithe was voluntary and secular, and Jacob's religious tithes and vows were unpaid probably due to the absence of any cult or the priests who would be expected to appropriate them. Thus, patriarchal religion was distinct from both the ancient Near Eastern and Israelite religions, and compatible only with the lifestyle portrayed in Genesis.
Give War a Chance: The Nixon Administration and Domestic Support for the Vietnam War, 1969-1973
Creators: name: Thelen, Sarah
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: While undeniably a foreign policy priority, the Vietnam War was a very real domestic concern for President Richard Nixon. The 1968 election campaign demonstrated the political cost of waging an unpopular war and so the new president and his aides sought to rally domestic support to counteract the growing strength of the antiwar movement. Administration officials such as H.R. Haldeman, Charles Colson, Alex Butterfield, and Jeb Magruder worked with outside sympathizers including H. Ross Perot, veterans organizations, and other grassroots groups to create pro-war - and pro-Nixon - organizations from the early days of his presidency. This dissertation presents the first in-depth study based on archival research of the Nixon administration's campaign to persuade the American people to give war a chance. When substantive policy changes failed to significantly reverse domestic antipathy for the war, Nixon and his aides instead hoped that appeals to vaguely-defined patriotic sentiments would inspire a very public and visible outpouring of support for the President. The public response to their first coordinated attempt, Nixon's November 3, 1969 "Silent Majority" speech, surprised even Nixon and his staff; they were, however, quick to capitalize on the popularity of the idea and its promotion soon shaped almost every aspect of White House public opinion efforts. While many supporters embraced the Silent Majority, officials still sought to control the president's outside support network whenever possible, up to and including creating officially autonomous support groups out of whole cloth in the White House. These astroturf, or fake grassroots, groups complemented administration efforts to manipulate popular patriotism, redefine American national identity, and therefore secure broad popular support for both the Vietnam War and President Nixon. Initial successes in 1969 and 1970 led aides to believe that expanding these efforts beyond Vietnam could strengthen the President's 1972 reelection campaign. Although Nixon was reelected by a significant margin efforts to expand the silent majority into the new American majority weakened both identities. White House efforts to mobilize domestic support not only provided the president with political space to continue waging war in Vietnam - as well as Laos and Cambodia - but further intensified and polarized domestic debates over patriotism and national identity.
Phases of the (2+1) dimensional SO(5) non-linear sigma model with topological term
Creators: name: Wang, Zhenjiu
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
name: Mong, Roger S. K.
name: Assaad, Fakher F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the half-filled zeroth Landau level in graphene as a regularization scheme to study the physics of the SO(5) non-linear sigma model subject to a Wess-Zumino-Witten topological term in 2+1 dimensions. As shown by Ippoliti et al. [PRB 98, 235108 (2019)], this approach allows for negative sign free auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The model has a single free parameter, $U_0$, that monitors the stiffness. Within the parameter range accessible to negative sign free simulations, we observe an ordered phase in the large $U_0$ or stiff limit. Remarkably, upon reducing $U_0$ the magnetization drops substantially, and the correlation length exceeds our biggest system sizes, accommodating 100 flux quanta. The implications of our results for deconfined quantum phase transitions between valence bond solids and anti-ferromagnets are discussed.
Probing the Higgs self-coupling at hadron colliders using rare decays
Creators: name: Baur, U.
name: Plehn, T.
name: Rainwater, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Higgs boson pair production at hadron colliders for Higgs boson masses m_H\leq 140 GeV and rare decay of one of the two Higgs bosons. While in the Standard Model the number of events is quite low at the LHC, a first, albeit not very precise, measurement of the Higgs self-coupling is possible in the gg -> HH -> b\bar{b}γγchannel. A luminosity-upgraded LHC could improve this measurement considerably. A 200 TeV VLHC could make a measurement of the Higgs self-coupling competitive with a next-generation linear collider. In the MSSM we find a significant region with observable Higgs pair production in the small \tanβregime, where resonant production of two light Higgs bosons might be the only hint at the LHC of an MSSM Higgs sector.
description: Revtex, 23 pages, 4 tables, 7 figures
The NV centre coupled to an ultra-small mode volume cavity: a high efficiency source of indistinguishable photons at 200 K
Creators: name: Smith, Joe A.
name: Clear, Chloe
name: Balram, Krishna C.
name: McCutcheon, Dara P. S.
name: Rarity, John G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid state atom-like systems have great promise for linear optic quantum computing and quantum communication but are burdened by phonon sidebands and broadening due to surface charges. Nevertheless, coupling to a small mode volume cavity would allow high rates of extraction from even highly dephased emitters. We consider the nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond, a system understood to have a poor quantum optics interface with highly distinguishable photons, and design a silicon nitride cavity that allows 99 % efficient extraction of photons at 200 K with an indistinguishability of > 50%, improvable by external filtering. We analyse our design using FDTD simulations, and treat optical emission using a cavity QED master equation valid at and beyond strong coupling and which includes both ZPL broadening and sideband emission. The simulated design is compact (< 10 um), and owing to its planar geometry, can be fabricated using standard silicon processes. Our work therefore points towards scalable fabrication of non-cryogenic atom-like efficient sources of indistinguishable photons.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. Results for 3-level Jahn-Teller dephasing and explicit effects of the LDOS on the sideband added
Give War a Chance: The Nixon Administration and Domestic Support for the Vietnam War, 1969-1973
Creators: name: Thelen, Sarah
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies

description: While undeniably a foreign policy priority, the Vietnam War was a very real domestic concern for President Richard Nixon. The 1968 election campaign demonstrated the political cost of waging an unpopular war and so the new president and his aides sought to rally domestic support to counteract the growing strength of the antiwar movement. Administration officials such as H.R. Haldeman, Charles Colson, Alex Butterfield, and Jeb Magruder worked with outside sympathizers including H. Ross Perot, veterans organizations, and other grassroots groups to create pro-war - and pro-Nixon - organizations from the early days of his presidency. This dissertation presents the first in-depth study based on archival research of the Nixon administration's campaign to persuade the American people to give war a chance. When substantive policy changes failed to significantly reverse domestic antipathy for the war, Nixon and his aides instead hoped that appeals to vaguely-defined patriotic sentiments would inspire a very public and visible outpouring of support for the President. The public response to their first coordinated attempt, Nixon's November 3, 1969 "Silent Majority" speech, surprised even Nixon and his staff; they were, however, quick to capitalize on the popularity of the idea and its promotion soon shaped almost every aspect of White House public opinion efforts. While many supporters embraced the Silent Majority, officials still sought to control the president's outside support network whenever possible, up to and including creating officially autonomous support groups out of whole cloth in the White House. These astroturf, or fake grassroots, groups complemented administration efforts to manipulate popular patriotism, redefine American national identity, and therefore secure broad popular support for both the Vietnam War and President Nixon. Initial successes in 1969 and 1970 led aides to believe that expanding these efforts beyond Vietnam could strengthen the President's 1972 reelection campaign. Although Nixon was reelected by a significant margin efforts to expand the silent majority into the new American majority weakened both identities. White House efforts to mobilize domestic support not only provided the president with political space to continue waging war in Vietnam - as well as Laos and Cambodia - but further intensified and polarized domestic debates over patriotism and national identity.
title: Primary school teachers' encounters with cases of suspected or disclosed child sexual abuse
Creators: name: Graham, Rachel
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: This study explored 45 primary school teachers' encounters with cases of suspected or disclosed child sexual abuse. Stage I involved a cross-sectional survey which investigated the training experiences and support opportunities for teachers in relation to child abuse. The Maslach Burn-out Inventory assessed levels of occupational stress. Teacher's identification of abuse and their perceived ability to cope with such cases were hypothesised as associated with the perceived adequacy of training and support, and with teacher's reported levels of occupational stress. Stage II involved interviewing seven teachers to explore the emotional impact of working with cases of suspected or disclosed abuse. The entire sample felt that initial teacher training had not adequately prepared them to deal with abused children; over 95 per cent said they would welcome more training. Formal support for teachers was limited and, largely, considered inadequate. Nethertheless, the majority felt they would cope'well'with cases of abuse. Analysis of results revealed that teachers who had not received disclosures were more likely to rate support as adequate; teachers who had harboured suspicions and teachers who had received disclosures reported higher levels of burn-out. Qualitative material revealed factors that affected the ability to cope with cases of abuse and factors that influenced the emotional impact of such work. Aspects of primary school teachers' unique position appear to make encounters with abused children particularly disturbing. It is suggested that the emotional impact of such work could be mediated by resources such as training and support. The implications of insufficient resources extend beyond the psychological well being of the teacher to the effective protection of the child. The implications for clinical psychology are discussed.
Anwendung von Grenzwerten der Bundesbodenschutz- und Altlastenverordnung für Böden aus Torf
Use of critical values of the soil conservation law and directive for histosols
Creators: name: Schweikle, Volker
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2002

description: Abstract: Critical values for the use for agronomy and forestry of terrestrial soils are applied upon histosols, neglecting their physico-chemical characteristics. With models, based upon text-books, it is demonstrated, that histosols are quit different from mineral soils concerning moorage of roots, CO2-production, sorption of (harmful) elements and the capacity for absorbing imports of (harmful) elements.
description: Zusammenfassung: Grenzwerte für die land- und forstbauliche Nutzung von Mineralböden werden auf Böden aus Torf übertragen, ohne deren physiko-chemische Eigenschaften zu berücksichtigen. Mit Modellen, basierend auf Lehrbüchern, wird gezeigt, dass sich Torfe von Mineralböden erheblich unterscheiden bezüglich Verankerung von Wurzeln, CO2-Produktion, (Schad-)Stoffsorption und der Aufnahmefähigkeit von (Schad-)Stofffrachten.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Sterile neutrino dark matter: Impact of active-neutrino opacities
Creators: name: Bodeker, Dietrich
name: Klaus, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resonant production of keV sterile-neutrino dark matter mainly takes place during the QCD epoch of the early universe. It has been argued that it could be strongly affected by the opacities (or damping rates) of active neutrinos, which receive non-perturbative QCD-contributions. We find that for lepton asymmetries $ n_{ L_α} /s $ below $ 10 ^ { -6 } $ the opacities significantly affect the sterile-neutrino yield, but that for larger asymmetries, which are necessary for producing a significant fraction of the dark matter, the yield is insensitive to changes of the opacities. Thus non-perturbative QCD contributions to the opacities at temperatures around 160 MeV will not affect this dark matter scenario. We obtain larger sterile-neutrino yields than previous studies, and thus weaker lower limits on the active-sterile mixing angle from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
description: 18 pages, ancillary data files added
A Kernel-Based Explicit Unconditionally Stable Scheme for Hamilton-Jacobi Equations on Nonuniform Meshes
Creators: name: Christlieb, Andrew
name: Sands, William
name: Yang, Hyoseon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In \cite{christlieb2019kernel}, the authors developed a class of high-order numerical schemes for the Hamilton-Jacobi (H-J) equations, which are unconditionally stable, yet take the form of an explicit scheme. This paper extends such schemes, so that they are more effective at capturing sharp gradients, especially on nonuniform meshes. In particular, we modify the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) methodology in the previously developed schemes by incorporating an exponential basis and adapting the previously developed nonlinear filters used to control oscillations. The main advantages of the proposed schemes are their effectiveness and simplicity, since they can be easily implemented on higher-dimensional nonuniform meshes. We perform numerical experiments on a collection of examples, including H-J equations with linear, nonlinear, convex and non-convex Hamiltonians. To demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed schemes, we also include test problems defined on non-trivial geometry.
title: Moorentwicklung in Lehmgruben der Elbaue bei Jerichow (Sachsen-Anhalt)
title: Berichte der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Moor- und Torfkunde
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: - Frau Prof. Dr. Elsbeth Lange (Berlin) zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet -
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Mire development in brick pits of the Elbe flood plain nearby Jerichow (Sachsen-Anhalt), NE Germany
Creators: name: Brande, Arthur
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2008

description: Abstract: A 80 cm thick limnic-telmatic sediment sequence from a brick pit close to the Jerichow monastery has been investigated by pollen analysis. According to a radiocarbon date from the lowermost mud layer the last 550 years are covered. The spontaneous colonization of the groundwater filled pond starts by an eutrophic natant vegetation, coming from diaspore transport by water birds of the nearby Elbe flood plain biotopes. Four autogenic succession stages follow up to a moderate polytrophic reed vegetation with different water table changes and increasing tree growth on the ponds margin. Inundated alder woodland and alder-ash-oak stands in the adjacent hollows characterize a subsequent vegetation development. The importance of Stratiotes aloides in the initial pond colonization is stressed out. The brick pit formation in correspondence to the medieval construction of the monastery and the adjacent Elbe dykes is discussed.
description: Zusammenfassung: Eine 80 cm mächtige limnisch-telmatische Abfolge aus einer Lehmgrube bei dem Kloster Jerichow wurde pollenanalytisch untersucht. Nach dem 14C-Alter der Muddebasis umfasst sie die letzten 550 Jahre. Die spontane Besiedlung der grundwassergespeisten Senke mit eutropher Schwimmblattvegetation geht auf Diasporentransport durch Wasservögel aus der nahen Elbaue zurück. Es folgen vier autogene Sukzessionsstadien bis zu einem gemäßigt polytrophen Röhricht mit wechselnden Wasserständen und randlicher Bewaldung. Erlenbruchwald und Erlen-Eschen-Eichenwald in benachbarten Senken kennzeichnen eine weitere Entwicklung. Die Bedeutung von Stratiotes aloides bei der Erstbesiedlung des Teiches wird hervorgehoben. Die Anlage der Lehmgrube im zeitlichen Zusammenhang mit dem mittelalterlichen Kloster- und Deichbau wird diskutiert.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Reaction dynamics for fusion of weakly-bound nuclei
Creators: name: Hagino, K.
name: Vitturi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss several open problems of fusion reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei. For this purpose, we solve a one dimensional three-body Hamiltonian with the coupled-channels formalism. We show that the continuum-continuum couplings substantially reduce the total fusion probability at energies above the barrier compared with the no-breakup case, although the fusion probability remains enhanced at subbarrier energies. We then discuss a role of transfer process in fusion of weakly bound nuclei, and point out that removing spurious Pauli forbidden transfer components from the calculation may be crucial at energies below the barrier. Calculations based on the three-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method are also presented in order to discuss how to model complete fusion process.
description: 8 pages, 3 eps figures. Uses ptptex.sty. A talk given at the International conference FUSION03, November 12 - 15, 2003, Matsushima, Miyagi, Japan. To be published in Prog. Theo. Phys. Suppl
Zero-bias crossings and peculiar Shapiro maps in graphene Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Larson, T. F. Q.
name: Zhao, L.
name: Arnault, E. G.
name: Wei, M. T.
name: Seredinski, A.
name: Li, H.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Amet, F.
name: Finkelstein, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The AC Josephson effect manifests itself in the form of "Shapiro steps" of quantized voltage in Josephson junctions subject to RF radiation. This effect presents an early example of a driven-dissipative quantum phenomenon and is presently utilized in primary voltage standards. Shapiro steps have also become one of the standard tools to probe junctions made in a variety of novel materials. Here, we study Shapiro steps in a widely tunable graphene-based Josephson junction. We investigate the variety of patterns that can be obtained in this well-understood system depending on the carrier density, temperature, RF frequency, and magnetic field. Although the patterns of Shapiro steps can change drastically when just one parameter is varied, the overall trends can be understood and the behaviors straightforwardly simulated. The resulting understanding may help in interpreting similar measurements in more complex materials.
description: Main: 5 Pages + 4 Figures, Supplementary: 3 Pages + 3 Figures
Kultursubstrate auf Torfbasis: Notwendige Produktionsmittel für die nachhaltige Entwicklung des Gartenbaus
Peat-based growing media: essential operating materials for the sustainable development of horticulture
Creators: name: Schmilewski, Gerald
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2015

description: Abstract: Since the 1950ies the application of peat-based growing media in horticultural production has continued to increase due to improved cultivation systems and increasing performance demands towards the growing medium as an indispensable means of production. Since the beginning of the 1980ies the call by environmental NGOs and politicians for peat reduced and peat free products is growing louder. Numerous alternative growing media constituents have since then been analyzed, tested and rated as suitable or less suitable. Wood fibers, green waste composts, coir products and bark-based products have already found their market. However, for qualitative and quantitative reasons it will not be possible to do without peat as the main constituent in most growing media for the professional sector and many potting soils for the hobby sector.
description: Zusammenfassung: Die Verwendung von Kultursubstraten auf der Basis von Torf hat im Produktionsgartenbau seit den 1950er Jahren mit der Entwicklung immer neuerer Pflanzenkultivierungssysteme und den stetig steigenden Leistungsansprüchen an Kultursubstrate als unentbehrliche Produktionsmittel stetig zugenommen. Seit Anfang der 1980er Jahre wird der Ruf nach Torfverzicht seitens ökologischer Nichtregierungsorganisationen und der Politik immer lauter. Eine Vielzahl von anderen Substratausgangsstoffen ist seitdem analysiert, geprüft und für gut oder weniger gut verwendbar befunden worden. Holzfaserstoffe, Grüngutkomposte, Kokos- und Rindenprodukte haben längst ihren Markt gefunden. Auf Torf wird dennoch in den kommenden Jahrzehnten als Hauptkomponente der meisten Kultursubstrate und vieler Blumenerden aus qualitativen und quantitativen Gründen nicht verzichtet werden können.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
TARGETING ALTERNATE ENZYMATIC PATHWAYS OF MICROBES WITH NOVEL MONOCYCLIC β-LACTAM MOIETIES
Creators: name: Fritz, Juliana
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Drug resistance of microbes to antibiotics on the market is a looming dilemma that must be addressed with urgency. As microbes develop mechanisms that render medications inactive, it is the job of researchers to study these mechanisms and in turn stay ahead of the resistance race. A newly discovered mechanism is the activation of L,D-transpeptidases as Mtb reverts from an active to a dormant state. By targeting this previously unknown enzymatic pathway, the assumption is that the microbe will have no defenses in place. In addition, the effect of different electron withdrawing moieties at the C4 position of the β-lactam ring was explored. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these novel compounds were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Moraxella catarrhalis (M.Cat.).
Quasi Kepler's third law for quantum many-body systems
Creators: name: Semay, C.
name: Willemyns, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kepler's third law is a relation between the period and the energy of two classical particles interacting via a gravitational potential. Recent works showed that this law could be extended, at least approximately, to classical three-body systems, or even many-body classical systems. So, a classical quasi Kepler's third law seems to exist. In this paper, approximate analytical solutions are computed for quantum self-gravitating particles with different masses. The results give strong indications in favor of the existence of a quasi Kepler's third law for such systems. The relevance of the proposal is checked with accurate numerical data for the ground state of self-gravitating identical bosons and with numerical estimations for systems with identical particles plus a different one. Connections between the quantum and classical systems are discussed.
description: Some explanations and references added. To appear in Eur. J. Phys. Plus
A conformal field theory description of magnetic flux fractionalization in Josephson junction ladders
Creators: name: Cristofano, G.
name: Marotta, V.
name: Naddeo, A.
name: Niccoli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the recently proposed effective theory for a Quantum Hall system at "paired states" filling v=1 (Mod. Phys. Lett. A 15 (2000) 1679; Nucl. Phys. B641 (2002) 547), the twisted model (TM), well adapts to describe the phenomenology of Josephson Junction ladders (JJL) in the presence of defects. In particular it is shown how naturally the phenomenon of flux fractionalization takes place in such a description and its relation with the discrete symmetries present in the TM. Furthermore we focus on closed geometries, which enable us to analyze the topological properties of the ground state of the system in relation to the presence of half flux quanta.
description: 16 pages, 2 figure, Latex, revised version
TARGETING ALTERNATE ENZYMATIC PATHWAYS OF MICROBES WITH NOVEL MONOCYCLIC β-LACTAM MOIETIES
Creators: name: Fritz, Juliana
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Drug resistance of microbes to antibiotics on the market is a looming dilemma that must be addressed with urgency. As microbes develop mechanisms that render medications inactive, it is the job of researchers to study these mechanisms and in turn stay ahead of the resistance race. A newly discovered mechanism is the activation of L,D-transpeptidases as Mtb reverts from an active to a dormant state. By targeting this previously unknown enzymatic pathway, the assumption is that the microbe will have no defenses in place. In addition, the effect of different electron withdrawing moieties at the C4 position of the β-lactam ring was explored. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these novel compounds were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Moraxella catarrhalis (M.Cat.).
Post-fire dynamics of a gravel bed stream : Fishtrap Creek, British Columbia
Creators: name: Phillips, Jeffrey Craig
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In August 2003, the McLure Fire burned through several watersheds north of Kamloops, including Fishtrap Creek. The burn was extensive, killing almost all the trees in the riparian area. Given our current knowledge, it is not possible to accurately predict channel response to wildfire, the rate of change, or the time scale at which response and recovery may be expected to occur. The purpose of this study is to document the timing and magnitude of initial changes in channel morphology, peak flows, sediment supply, and sediment mobility in Fishtrap Creek in the aftermath of the McLure Fire. We take an empirical approach that combines stream channel monitoring with physically based data analysis. The results of this study have contributed to our understanding of the response of gravel bed rivers to severe vegetation disturbance and have produced an estimate of the timescale at which significant channel transformations may begin to occur. During the summer of 2006 (3 years after the fire), we conducted an intensive field study at Fishtrap Creek. Results indicate that Fishtrap Creek is in a state of transition, triggered by the loss of bank strength and subsequent sediment input to the stream channel. Cross-sectional bed elevation surveys conducted annually from 2004 to 2006 have documented changes in channel form. In localized areas, up to 42 cm of aggradation has been observed; aggradation has typically occurred on the channel bars and behind large woody debris. Avulsions and overbank flooding have also occurred as aggradation forced peak flow stage height higher. Analysis of the relationship between stage height and discharge at a variety of locations indicate that the vast majority of aggradation occurred during the first peak in the 2006 hydrograph. Magnetic tracer stone analysis indicates that sediment mobility was high during the 2006 freshet. The burial depth distribution of tracers suggests substantial scour and a thorough mixing of the active layer. The current trend of channel adjustment is expected to continue until the root systems of emerging vegetation begin to stabilize the banks.
Treibhausgasemissionen aus Mooren und Möglichkeiten der Verringerung
Greenhouse gas emissions of peatlands and measures for reduction
Creators: name: Höper, Heinrich
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2015

description: Abstract: Peatlands are intensively exchanging greenhouse gases with the free atmosphere. Natural peatlands, mires, sequester carbon dioxide as carbon in the peat and emit methane. Peatlands under agriculture or forest are mostly drained and emit carbon dioxide due to peat mineralization and nitrous oxide due to fertilization and nitrogen mineralization. In order to characterize the actual situation and to evaluate measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions measured values on gas exchange are needed. Within two national projects direct measurements of the greenhouse gas exchange have been conducted on a wide range of sites, covering different peatland types, land use forms and hydrological situations and using a standardized methodology. Between 2007 and 2012 22 sites have been studied in Lower Saxony over at least two years using the closed cover method. An overview on sites and results is given. Moreover, approaches to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions due to peat excavation and horticultural peat use are presented. Own emission factors and data from literature are used to estimate the contribution of peatlands and peat use to the greenhouse gas emissions of Lower Saxony. Finally measures for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are discussed and estimates on reduction costs are given from examples.
description: Zusammenfassung: Moore stehen in einem intensiven Gasaustausch mit der Atmosphäre. Natürliche Moore haben über Jahrtausende Kohlendioxid aufgenommen und den Kohlenstoff als Torf gespeichert. Dabei haben sie Methan abgegeben. Entwässerte und genutzte Moore setzen den Kohlenstoff als Kohlendioxid wieder frei und emittieren zudem klimarelevantes Lachgas als Ergebnis der Stickstoffdüngung und der Torfmineralisation. Zur Charakterisierung der Ist-Situation und zur Beurteilung von Maßnahmen ist es erforderlich, belastbare Daten über die Treibhausgasemissionen der Moore zu haben. Im Rahmen von zwei bundesweit angelegten Verbundvorhaben wurden an einer Vielzahl von Standorten unterschiedlichen Moortyps, unterschiedlicher Nutzung und unterschiedlicher Klima- und Wasserregime mit einer abgestimmten Methodik die Flüsse der wesentlichen Treibhausgase direkt gemessen. Im Rahmen dieser Verbundvorhaben wurden in Niedersachsen zwischen 2007 und 2012 an 22 Standorten mindestens zweijährige Messungen mit der Haubentechnik vorgenommen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über untersuchte Standorte und Messergebnisse. Darüber hinaus werden Ansätze zur Ermittlung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus der industriellen Torfgewinnung dargestellt. Unter Verwendung eigener Ergebnisse und von Literaturdaten wird eine Abschätzung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus Moor und Torfgewinnung für das Land Niedersachsen vorgenommen. Abschließend geht der Beitrag auf Maßnahmen zur Verminderung der Treibhausgasemissionen aus Mooren sowie beispielhaft auf Emissionsminderungskosten ein.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
title: An investigation of factors predicting occupational and psychological distress in nurses: a comparative study of settings within a single hospital
Creators: name: Grey, Nicholas
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: Nursing is an occupation with high levels of stress. This study aimed to investigate which factors help predict distress in nursing staff in a range of settings within a single hospital. Interviews were conducted with a total of 82 qualified nursing staff from four settings; Accident & Emergency, Intensive Therapy Unit, Orthopaedics and Spinal Injuries. These were chosen for their different ways of working including duration of stay of patients. Questionnaire packs were returned by 60 participants, including information on general mental health, work-specific distress, work environment, coping, self-efficacy and social support. Main stressors as identified from the interviews were high workload / lack of staff, dealing with other professionals, death and dying, and dealing with abusive patients / relatives. Analyses showed that levels of distress were similar across settings and at a similar level to current NHS-wide research, but higher than previous UK normative values. Overall, high levels of distress were associated with low social support, younger age, high workload, low clarity and low task orientation. For general mental health personal system factors were the more important predictors. For work-specific distress (emotional exhaustion) health care system factors were more important. Clinical implications highlighted include particularly supporting younger staff, developing intervention strategies for work environment factors, and positive approaches such as greater acknowledgement of good work. Implications for theory and furniture research are also discussed.
Nonlinear Fluid Dynamics Description of non-Newtonian Fluids
Creators: name: Pleiner, Harald
name: Liu, Mario
name: Brand, Helmut R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear hydrodynamic equations for visco-elastic media are discussed. We start from the recently derived fully hydrodynamic nonlinear description of permanent elasticity that utilizes the (Eulerian) strain tensor. The reversible quadratic nonlinearities in the strain tensor dynamics are of the 'lower convected' type, unambiguously. Replacing the (often neglected) strain diffusion by a relaxation of the strain as a minimal ingredient, a generalized hydrodynamic description of viscoelasticity is obtained. This can be used to get a nonlinear dynamic equation for the stress tensor (sometimes called constitutive equation) in terms of a power series in the variables. The form of this equation and in particular the form of the nonlinear convective term is not universal but depends on various material parameters. A comparison with existing phenomenological models is given. In particular we discuss how these ad-hoc models fit into the hydrodynamic description and where the various non-Newtonian contributions are coming from.
description: Acta Rheologica
Multiphase Flow Modelling in Multiscale Porous Media: An Open-Sourced Micro-Continuum Approach
Creators: name: Carrillo, Francisco J.
name: Bourg, Ian C.
name: Soulaine, Cyprien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An open-sourced multiphase Darcy-Brinkman approach is proposed to simulate two-phase flow in hybrid systems containing both solid-free regions and porous matrices. This micro-continuum model is rooted in elementary physics and volume averaging principles, where a unique set of partial differential equations is used to represent flow in both regions and scales. The crux of the proposed model is that it tends asymptotically towards the Navier-Stokes volume-of-fluid approach in solid-free regions and towards the multiphase Darcy equations in porous regions. Unlike existing multiscale multiphase solvers, it can match analytical predictions of capillary, relative permeability, and gravitational effects at both the pore and Darcy scales. Through its open-source implementation, hybridPorousInterFoam, the proposed approach marks the extension of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation packages into porous multiscale, multiphase systems. The versatility of the solver is illustrated using applications to two-phase flow in a fractured porous matrix and wave interaction with a porous coastal barrier.
description: To access the associated solver, see https://github.com/Franjcf
Thermodynamic uncertainty relation in atomic-scale quantum conductors
Creators: name: Friedman, Hava Meira
name: Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar
name: Shein-Lumbroso, Ofir
name: Tal, Oren
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is expected to hold in nanoscale electronic conductors, when the electron transport process is quantum coherent and the transmission probability is constant (energy and voltage independent). We present measurements of the electron current and its noise in gold atomic-scale junctions and confirm the validity of the TUR for electron transport in realistic quantum coherent conductors. Furthermore, we show that it is beneficial to present the current and its noise as a TUR ratio in order to identify deviations from noninteracting-electron coherent dynamics.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
College Choice Priorities between Foreign-born and US-born Black Students
Creators: name: Okorie, Sarah
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study investigates the differences in college choice priorities between foreign-born and US-born Black students in order to explain the large presence of Black immigrants in the Black population at top universities relative to their proportion in the nation's Black college-age population. Ogbu's cultural-ecological theory and Bourdieu's cultural capital concept guided this research in that foreign-born students were expected to seek aspects of colleges that would enhance their cultural capital, such as college rankings, while US-born students were expected to choose colleges based on more practical aspects of colleges, such as low tuition, because of these groups' different historical contexts in America. However, there was no supporting evidence for our main hypotheses. Instead, mother's education, number of college applications, and income were found related to college choice. Such findings suggest that for college choice immigrant status is not important. Further research may switch focus to college admissions officers' decisions.
Quenched charmonium spectrum
Creators: name: Choe, S.
name: de Forcrand, Ph.
name: Perez, M. Garcia
name: Liu, Y.
name: Nakamura, A.
name: Stematescu, I. -O.
name: Takaishi, T.
name: Umeda, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study charmonium using the standard relativistic formalism in the quenched approximation, on a set of lattices with isotropic lattice spacings ranging from 0.1 to 0.04 fm. We concentrate on the calculation of the hyperfine splitting between eta_c and J/psi, aiming for a controlled continuum extrapolation of this quantity. The splitting extracted from the non-perturbatively improved clover Dirac operator shows very little dependence on the lattice spacing for $a \leq 0.1$ fm. The dependence is much stronger for Wilson and tree-level improved clover operators, but they still yield consistent extrapolations if sufficiently fine lattices, $a \leq 0.07$ fm ($a M(η_c) \leq 1$), are used. Our result for the hyperfine splitting is 77(2)(6) MeV (where Sommer's parameter, r_0, is used to fix the scale). This value remains about 30% below experiment. Dynamical fermions and OZI-forbidden diagrams both contribute to the remainder. Results for the eta_c and J/psi wave functions are also presented.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures