Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel
Creators: name: Tojibaev, Komiljon
name: Dekhkonov, Davron
name: Ergashov, Ibrokhimjon
name: Sun, Hang
name: Deng, Tao
name: Yusupov, Ziyoviddin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Liliales
Liliaceae
Tulipa
Tulipa kaufmanniana

description: 4.1. Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel in Gartenflora 26: 194, t. 906 figs 6–11 (1877).
Type:— UZBEKISTAN. In Turkestaniae montibus fluvium Tschirtschik adjacentibus, A. Regel (LE!).
Description:—Bulb varies in shape and size, commonly ovoid, sometimes elongated, narrow, or almost napiform, 1.5–4.0(6) cm thick; tunic blackish-brown to golden-brown, papery, the inner surface lined with appressed hairs, more densely at the apex and at the base; stem (10)20–30(50) cm long, the upper part of stem and peduncle pubescent or sometimes glabrous, often purple-tinged; leaves (2)3–4(5), spreading or deflected, scattered, glaucous, glabrous, not curled (sometimes slightly undulate), usually not exceeding the flower; basal leaf lanceolate or oblong to oblongelliptic or rarely almost orbiculate, 2–13 cm broad; flower solitary, often with a pleasant odour, widely campanulate or cup-shaped to star-shaped, very variable in colour: red, orange, yellow, white, creamy, motley yellow-red or whitered; white and red forms usually with a yellow basal blotch, yellow forms often with red W-shaped blotches; perigone segments acute to obtuse; outer segments slightly exceeding the inner segments, 2.5–8.0(11) cm long, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, in white and yellow forms dirty violet, reddish-violet, red or crimson on the back; inner segments oblong-elliptic or oblong; stamens half the length of perigone; filaments glabrous, dilated at the base and sharply pointed at the top, pale yellow to orange; anthers yellow, thin, linear, 2–4 times the length of filaments, slowly and gradually opening from apex to base and becoming twisted or strongly incurved; pollen yellow; ovary slightly shorter than stamens, with subsessile stigma; capsule yellow, oblong, 1.5–2.0 cm broad, 3–6(–9) cm long, with a prominent beak (Fig. 10A).
General distribution:—Western Tian-Shan (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan).
Distribution in Uzbekistan:—I-1 Western Tian-Shan district (I-1-a Ugam-Pskem region; I-1-b Western Chatkal region; I-1-d Kurama region).
Phenology:—Flowering: March–May; fruiting: May–August (depending on elevation).
Ecology:—Clayely and stony slopes, rock ledges, among trees and shrubs, in valleys of rivers, near melting snow, in foothills, lower and middle mountain zone, 500–2500 m a.s.l.
Etymology:—Regel named this tulip after K.P. von Kaufman, Russian military leader, who led the conquest and colonization of Central Asia. Since 1867 – Governor-General of Turkestan, commander of the troops of the Turkestan Military District.
Note:—This tulip species is the ornamental plant of the highest importance for selection of garden tulips. Rukđâns (2008) regarded plants from Kazakhstan as separated species Tulipa berkariensis Rukšans (2007: 174), distinguishing from T. kaufmanniana by a lower amount of DNA, spherical bulbs producing 1–2 long stolons bearing vegetative bulblets, and a number of leaves (mostly 2). According to J.J. de Groot’s communication, yellow-flowered tulips from the Uzbek part of the Ugam Range also belong to T. berkariensis.
Specimens examined:— UZBEKISTAN: Western Tian-Shan district, Ugam-Pskem region, Karzhantau Region, Tashkent district, village Aktash, 21 April 1921, Baranov 64 (TASH!); valley of the river Aktash, 10 April 1922, Korovin s.n. (TASH!); southern slope of the range Karzhantau, watershed between valleys Aktash and Alchabash, 21 May 1938, Lysikova 62 (TASH!); surroundings of the village Khandaylyk, piedmonts and stony slopes, 22 May 1939, Lepeshkin, Achilov 13744 (TASH!); Tavaksay, Sarkramasay, plateau near the waterfall, 1100 m, 30 March 1939, Bukasov s.n. (TASH!); upper reaches of Aktashsay, 2100 m, 27 May 1939, Bukasov 16 (TASH!); surroundings of the village Khandaylyk, 24 May 1939, excursion of Tekhzar s.n. (TASH!); Opitesay, 21 March 1940, Obukhova s.n. (TASH!); Tashkent Province, southern slopes of Karzhantau, 5 April 1961, Adylov 1489 (TASH!); 15 km north of the station Azadbash, along the road between villages Azadbash and Turbat, middle part of valley Sarybulak, 15 April 1963, Adylov 2088 (TASH!); Ugam Range, Syr-Darya Province, Tashkent district, the pass in the valley of Pskem to the lake Makhbalkul, 22 June 1921, Baranov 274, 286, 305 (TASH!); valley of the river Ugam, village Khumsan, dry slopes, 25 August 1932, Lepeshkin s.n. (TASH!); southern slopes of Ugam Range, upper reaches of the river Kaynarsay, 8 April 1962, Adylov 1780 (TASH!); valley of the river Pskem, banks of Teparsay, 18 May 1965, Pjataeva 14, 29, 31 (TASH!); Pskem Range, valley of the river Oygaing, SE slope, 1 September 1928, Kultiasow 1055 (TASH!); valley of the river Pskem, Babadzhansay (left tributary of the river Pskem), argillaceous slopes, 24 April 1941, Momotov 75 (TASH!); Aksarsay, left bank, tributary of the river Pskem after the village Nanay, 29 June 1956, students 6 (TASH!); valley of the river Oygaing, nameless valley between rivers Koksu and Barkraksay, 4 June 1963, Puchkova 86, 94 (TASH!); Aksarsay, 3 km from the village Nanay, 27 June 1966, Vybornov 44 (TASH!); valley of the river Oygaing, 8 April 1968, Sharipov, Puchkova s.n. (TASH!); valley of the river Oygaing, left bank of the river Barkraksay, NW slope, 6 June 1973, Puchkova 176 (TASH!); Koksu Range, Tashkent district, slopes to the river Chatkal in surroundings of the village Burchmulla, 18 June 1921, Drobow s.n. (TASH!); Western Chatkal region; Chatkal Range, Chimgan Mountains, near the snow, 20 July 1923, labor school s.n. (TASH!); surroundings of Chimgan Botanical Station, slopes of Mt. Smaller Chimgan, 1700 m, 30 April 1927, Gomolitsky 107 (TASH!); surroundings of Chimgan Botanical Station, slopes of Mt. Kyzyljar, 25 April 1929, Gomolitsky 35 (TASH!); upper reaches of Parkentsay, 1800 m, 30 June 1936, Korotkova 802 (TASH!); upper reaches of Parkentsay, steep NW slope on the left bank, 2350 m, 1 July 1936, Korotkova 865 (TASH!); ravine of the river Kyzylsay, piedmonts of Mt. Tokali, stony riverbed, 10 Oktober 1936, Korotkova 2151 (TASH!); Tashkent Alatau, Sukok, 18 April 1940, Vvedensky s.n. (TASH!); Greater Chimgan, thickets of shrubs on the slopes, 16 April 1947, Sumnevicz, Dzhangurazov s.n. (TASH!); surroundings of Gazalkent, Galavasay, 1951, Butkov s.n. (TASH!); Parkent district, Mt. Adamtash above the village Zarkent, 22 May 1951, Korotkova 3392 (TASH!); basin of the river Aksakata, the mountain gorge near Kashkasay, 12 July 1953, Tuychiev 637 (TASH!); Tashkent Alatau, upper reaches of river Nurekata, 1 August 1953, Maylun, Nabiev, Zuckerwanik 1036 (TASH!); Mountain Forest Reserve, Shavazikurtsay, upper part of western slope, 17 April 1959, Medvedeva (Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve); Mountain Forest Reserve, Iransay, upper part of northern slope, 10 June 1959, Medvedeva (Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve); basin of the river Zarkent, watershed, 18 June 1961, Adylov 1606 (TASH!); northern slopes of Mt. Smaller Chimgan, 15 April 1963, Adylov 2138, 2139 (TASH!); upper reaches of the river Galavasay, 15 April 1963, Adylov 2109 (TASH!); Greater Chimgan, gentle slope of the watershed, 23 May 1971, Puchkova 30 (TASH!); Chatkal Nature Reserve, Bashkyzylsay, Ogorod-bazar, N slope, 9 April 1974, Levichev s.n. (TASH!); Chatkal Nature Reserve, ridge Kushkutan, saddle, 25 April 1974, Levichev s.n. (TASH!); Phenological Ridge, above the 2 nd phenological plot, gravelly soil, southern exposure, 27.09.1979, Levichev; Chatkal Nature Reserve, upper Minora, gravelly slope, 2300 m, 28 September 1979, Levichev s.n. (TASH!); surroundings of the station Khodjikent, slopes of left bank of the river Chirchik, 4 April 1993, Bakanova s.n. (TASH!); Chatkal Biosphere Reserve, Bashkyzylsay plot, Kyzylalmasay, eastern slope, 27 July 2001, Mukhamedzhanova, Lynov, Chinov, Glavatskaya, Mamarakhimov, Tojibaev 35 (Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve); Chimgansay, walnut stands, 13 May 2009, Tojibaev s.n. (TASH!); Greater Chimgan, southern stony slope, 13 May 2009, Tojibaev s.n. (TASH!); gorge of Greater Chimgan, NE slope, 13 May 2009, Tojibaev s.n. (TASH!); Ugam-Chatkal National Park, surroundings of the village Chimgan, Aksay, birch stands, June 2012, Mirzakarimova s.n. (TASH!); Kurama region, Chatkal Range, near Karabau, wheat grass steppe, 25 March 1944, Sumnevicz 75, 76 (TASH!); basin of the river Angren, upper reaches of Karabau, 11 June 1954, Tuychiev 7 (TASH!); basin of the river Angren, Chatkal Range, left tributary of Kyzylchasay, SW gravelly slope, 27 June 1954, Butkov, Maylun 225 (TASH!); valley of the river Angren, right bank, along the road Angren – Kamchik, below Iertashsay, 11 April 1964, Pjataeva s.n. (TASH!); basin of the river Chetsuv, eastern exposure, 24 March 2003, Tojibaev s.n. (TASH!); basin of the river Angren, right bank, Chetsuv, eastern slope opposite the summer cottage of the forestry farm, piedmonts, 25 April 2003, Tojibaev, Mamarakhimov s.n. (TASH!); basin of the river Angren, right bank, river Chetsuv, lower mountain belt, after the village, 25 April 2003, Tojibaev, Mamarakhimov s.n. (TASH!); basin of the river Chetsuv, right tributary of Chetsuv, Shaldirama, SE slope, 1500 m, 25 April 2003, Tojibaev, Mamarakhimov s.n. (TASH!); basin of the river Chetsuv, left tributary of Chetsuv, Sharsharasay, SE slope, 500 m below the waterfall, 27 April 2003, Tojibaev, Mamarakhimov s.n. (TASH!); Kurama Range, valley of the river Angren, surroundings of the village Oktjabrskoe, farm Urazaevka, fallow lands, 1 July 1928, Gomolitsky 163 (TASH!); mountains Kurama, valley of the river Angren, ravine Sovuksay near the village Yangavat, 15 August 1928, Gomolitsky, Granitov 325 (TASH!); valley of the river Angren, stud farm 68, farm Urazaevka, old alfalfa field, 16 April 1935, Koshurnikova 14 (TASH!); surroundings of village Lashkerak, on slopes and clearings among juniper stands, 11 April 1939, Slovinsky s.n. (TASH!); northern slope of Kurama Range, Kuntuymassay, N slope, juniper forest, 13 May 1940, Usmanov 23 (TASH!); northern slope of Kurama Range, Kattasay, NE slope, juniper forest, 20 May 1940, Usmanov 252 (TASH!); basin of upper reaches of river Angren, surroundings of village Ablyk, SW slopes, 25 March 1944, Sumnevicz 73 (TASH!); valley of river Angren, Lashkeraksay, 4 May 1945, Korotkova s.n. (TASH!); basin of the river Angren, Abjassay, among the rocks, 28 May 1954, Butkov 27 (TASH!); upper reaches of Abjassay, above the juniper belt, 2200 m, on the rocks, 20 May 1981, Shermatov, Kazakbaev, Levichev, Tagaev 40 (TASH!); left bank of the river Angren, Abjassay, 23 April 2004, Tojibaev s.n. (TASH!); left bank of the river Angren, Kendyrsay, watershed with Abjassay, 23 April 2004, Tojibaev s.n. (TASH!); Chimgan Mts., Aksay valley, 1880 m, 9 May 2019, Beshko NB 2019026 (TASH!); Mt. Greater Chimgan, Aksay valley, 1940 m, 5 June 2019, Beshko s.n. (TASH!).
description: Published as part of Tojibaev, Komiljon, Dekhkonov, Davron, Ergashov, Ibrokhimjon, Sun, Hang, Deng, Tao & Yusupov, Ziyoviddin, 2022, The synopsis of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan, pp. 163-214 in Phytotaxa 573 (2) on pages 193-194, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7349887