cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Manipulating flow separation: sensitivity of stagnation points, separatrix angles and recirculation area to steady actuation
Creators: name: Boujo, Edouard
name: Gallaire, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variational technique is used to derive analytical expressions for the sensitivity of several geometric indicators of flow separation to steady actuation. Considering the boundary layer flow above a wall-mounted bump, the six following representative quantities are considered: the locations of the separation point and reattachment point connected by the separatrix, the separation angles at these stagnation points, the backflow area and the recirculation area. For each geometric quantity, linear sensitivity analysis allows us to identify regions which are the most sensitive to volume forcing and wall blowing/suction. Validations against full non-linear Navier-Stokes calculations show excellent agreement for small-amplitude control for all considered indicators. With very resemblant sensitivity maps, the reattachment point, the backflow and recirculation areas are seen to be easily manipulated. In contrast, the upstream separation point and the separatrix angles are seen to remain extremely robust with respect to external steady actuation.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Localization for the Schrödinger equation in a locally periodic medium
Creators: name: Allaire, Grégoire
name: Palombaro, Mariapia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the homogenization of a Schrödinger equation in a locally periodic medium. For the time and space scaling of semi-classical analysis we consider well-prepared initial data that are concentrated near a stationary point (with respect to both space and phase) of the energy, i.e. the Bloch cell eigenvalue. We show that there exists a localized solution which is asymptotically given as the product of a Bloch wave and of the solution of an homogenized Schrödinger equation with quadratic potential.
Additional file 3 of Markers associated with heading and aftermath heading in perennial ryegrass full-sib families
Creators: name: Arojju, Sai
name: Barth, Susanne
name: Milbourne, Dan
name: Conaghan, Patrick
name: Velmurugan, Janaki
name: Hodkinson, Trevor
name: Byrne, Stephen
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S3. Heatmap of perennial ryegrass LG3 over six full-sib families. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed on each marker to identify significant regions for heading. Using the perennial ryegrass genome zipper [26, 30] we identified a putative gene order for markers on LG3. These data were used to construct the heatmap for each family. A perennial ryegrass transcriptome-based genetic linkage map upon which GenomeZipper was based was used as reference to construct LG3 [26, 27] and placed above the heatmap. Each bar in the heatmap represents region between two genetic markers from the linkage map. The median Kruskal-Wallis test statistic was calculated for markers binned between markers on the genetic linkage map and used to construct the heatmap. Putative ortholog of LpGI, was identified in the phylogenetic analysis and placed onto LG3 using genetic positions from genome zipper. The genetic positions of these orthologs were extrapolated over the heatmap. Color of the heatmap illustrates the test-statistic of the Kruskal-wallis analysis. (PDF 26 kb)
Refined finite-size analysis of binary-modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Matsuura, Takaya
name: Yamano, Shinichiro
name: Kuramochi, Yui
name: Sasaki, Toshihiko
name: Koashi, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies showed the finite-size security of binary-modulation CV-QKD protocols against general attacks. However, they gave poor key-rate scaling against transmission distance. Here, we extend the security proof based on complementarity, which is used in the discrete-variable QKD, to the previously developed binary-modulation CV-QKD protocols with the reverse reconciliation under the finite-size regime and obtain large improvements in the key rates. Notably, the key rate in the asymptotic limit scales linearly against the attenuation rate, which is known to be optimal scaling but is not achieved in previous finite-size analyses. This refined security approach may offer full-fledged security proofs for other discrete-modulation CV-QKD protocols.
description: 32 pages, 3 figures, accepted version
Wannier-Stark ladders and Stark shifts of excitons in Mott insulators
Creators: name: Udono, Mina
name: Kaneko, Tatsuya
name: Sugimoto, Koudai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: External-field driven energy-level discretization, such as Landau quantization or Stark localization, is one of the most intriguing phenomena in quantum systems. We investigate the emergence of the Wannier-Stark ladder coming from the particle-hole continuum and the Stark shifts of the exciton levels in one-dimensional Mott insulators under the dc electric field. The discretized peak structure in the optical-conductivity spectra newly appears by applying the dc electric field, and the positions of these peaks can be reproduced from the energy levels of a simple effective model in the strong-coupling regime. Our results not only suggest that Mott insulators can serve as a viable platform for Stark discretization, but also pave the way for investigations of dynamical properties in correlated many-body systems under a dc electric field.
description: 6+3 pages, 4+1 figures
Neural Network Based Point Spread Function Deconvolution For Astronomical Applications
Creators: name: Wang, Hong
name: Sreejith, Sreevarsha
name: Lin, Yuewei
name: Ramachandra, Nesar
name: Slosar, Anže
name: Yoo, Shinjae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical astronomical images are strongly affected by the point spread function (PSF) of the optical system and the atmosphere (seeing) which blurs the observed image. The amount of blurring depends both on the observed band, and on the atmospheric conditions during observation. A typical astronomical image will likely have a unique PSF, that is non-circular and different in different bands. At the same time, observations of known stars also give us an accurate determination of this PSF. Therefore, any serious candidate for production analysis of astronomical images must take the known PSF into account during the image analysis. So far, the majority of applications of neural networks (NN) to astronomical image analysis have ignored this problem by assuming a fixed PSF in training and validation. We present a neural-network based deconvolution algorithm based on Deep Wiener Deconvolution Network (DWDN). This algorithm belongs to a class of non-blind deconvolution algorithms, since it assumes the PSF shape is known. We study the performance of different versions of this algorithm under realistic observational conditions in terms of the recovery of the most relevant astronomical quantities such as colors, ellipticities and orientations. We investigate custom loss functions that optimize the recovery of astronomical quantities with mixed results.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in the Open Journal of Astrophysics
Modellierungskonzepte der Synergetik und der Theorie der Selbstorganisation
Creators: name: Ebeling, Werner
name: Scharnhorst, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Mnay models situated in the current research landscape of modelling and simulating social processes have roots in physics. This is visible in the name of specialties as Econophysics or Sociophysics. This chapter describes the history of knowledge transfer from physics, in particular physics of self-organization and evolution, to the social sciences. We discuss why physicists felt called to describe social processes. Across models and simulations the question how to explain the emergence of something new is the most intriguing one. We present one model approach to this problem and introduce a game -- Evolino -- inviting a larger audience to get acquainted with abstract evolution-theory approaches to describe the quest for new ideas.
description: In German, extended first version, final version Ebeling, W., & Scharnhorst, A. (2015). Modellierungskonzepte der Synergetik und der Theorie der Selbstorganisation. In N. Braun & N. J. Saam (Eds.), Handbuch Modellbildung und Simulation in den Sozialwissenschaften (pp. 419--452). Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-01164-2 (in German)
Modeling Moral Choices in Social Dilemmas with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Tennant, Elizaveta
name: Hailes, Stephen
name: Musolesi, Mirco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Practical uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the real world have demonstrated the importance of embedding moral choices into intelligent agents. They have also highlighted that defining top-down ethical constraints on AI according to any one type of morality is extremely challenging and can pose risks. A bottom-up learning approach may be more appropriate for studying and developing ethical behavior in AI agents. In particular, we believe that an interesting and insightful starting point is the analysis of emergent behavior of Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents that act according to a predefined set of moral rewards in social dilemmas. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of the choices made by intrinsically-motivated RL agents whose rewards are based on moral theories. We aim to design reward structures that are simplified yet representative of a set of key ethical systems. Therefore, we first define moral reward functions that distinguish between consequence- and norm-based agents, between morality based on societal norms or internal virtues, and between single- and mixed-virtue (e.g., multi-objective) methodologies. Then, we evaluate our approach by modeling repeated dyadic interactions between learning moral agents in three iterated social dilemma games (Prisoner's Dilemma, Volunteer's Dilemma and Stag Hunt). We analyze the impact of different types of morality on the emergence of cooperation, defection or exploitation, and the corresponding social outcomes. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for the development of moral agents in artificial and mixed human-AI societies.
description: Accepted at IJCAI 2023 (32nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence - Macao, S.A.R.)
Additional file 3: Table S2: of Clinical significance of mitofusin-2 and its signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Yingsheng Wu
name: Dongkai Zhou
name: Xiaobo Xu
name: Xinyi Zhao
name: Pengfei Huang
name: Xiaohu Zhou
name: Song, Wei
name: Guo, Hua
name: Weilin Wang
name: Shusen Zheng
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: DEGs after MFN2 overexpression in HepG2 cells. (DOC 197Â kb)
On Filter Banks and Wavelets Based on Chebyshev Polynomials
Creators: name: Cintra, R. J.
name: de Oliveira, H. M.
name: Soares, L. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we introduce a new family of wavelets, named Chebyshev wavelets, which are derived from conventional first and second kind Chebyshev polynomials. Properties of Chebyshev filter banks are investigated, including orthogonality and perfect reconstruction conditions. Chebyshev wavelets have compact support, their filters possess good selectivity, but they are not orthogonal. The convergence of the cascade algorithm of Chebyshev wavelets is proved by using properties of Markov chains. Computational implementation of these wavelets and some clear-cut applications are presented. Proposed wavelets are suitable for signal denoising.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 2: of The study of calcified atherosclerotic arteries: an alternative to evaluate the composition of a problematic tissue reveals new insightÂ including metakaryotic cells
Creators: name: Fittipaldi, Silvia
name: Vasuri, Francesco
name: Degiovanni, Alessio
name: Pini, Rodolfo
name: Gargiulo, Mauro
name: Stella, Andrea
name: Pasquinelli, Gianandrea
name: Thilly, William
name: Gostjeva, Elena
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Feulgen image analysis densitometry protocol with automatic measurement program wizard. (PDF 55 kb)
Fermion soliton stars
Creators: name: Del Grosso, L.
name: Franciolini, G.
name: Pani, P.
name: Urbano, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A real scalar field coupled to a fermion via a Yukawa term can evade no-go theorems preventing solitonic solutions. For the first time, we study this model within General Relativity without approximations, finding static and spherically symmetric solutions that describe fermion soliton stars. The Yukawa coupling provides an effective mass for the fermion, which is key to the existence of self-gravitating relativistic solutions. We systematically study this novel family of solutions and present their mass-radius diagram and maximum compactness, which is close to (but smaller than) that of the corresponding Schwarzschild photon sphere. Finally, we discuss the ranges of the parameters of the fundamental theory in which the latter might have interesting astrophysical implications, including compact (sub)solar and supermassive fermion soliton stars for a standard gas of degenerate neutrons and electrons, respectively.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. v2: matches version accepted in PRD. v3: final plots, matches PRD version
Spectral Graph Complexity
Creators: name: Tsitsulin, Anton
name: Mottin, Davide
name: Karras, Panagiotis
name: Bronstein, Alex
name: Müller, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a spectral notion of graph complexity derived from the Weyl's law. We experimentally demonstrate its correlation to how well the graph can be embedded in a low-dimensional Euclidean space.
description: BigNet workshop at the Web conferece'2019
Low energy scattering asymptotics for planar obstacles
Creators: name: Christiansen, T. J.
name: Datchev, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compute low energy asymptotics for the resolvent of a planar obstacle, and deduce asymptotics for the corresponding scattering matrix, scattering phase, and exterior Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. We use an identity of Vodev to relate the obstacle resolvent to the free resolvent and an identity of Petkov and Zworski to relate the scattering matrix to the resolvent. The leading singularities are given in terms of the obstacle's logarithmic capacity or Robin constant. We expect these results to hold for more general compactly supported perturbations of the Laplacian on $\mathbb R^2$, with the definition of the Robin constant suitably modified, under a generic assumption that the spectrum is regular at zero.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure
Boundary Modes in the Chamon Model
Creators: name: Fontana, Weslei B.
name: Pereira, Rodrigo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fracton phase described by the Chamon model in a manifold with a boundary. The new processes and excitations emerging at the boundary can be understood by means of a diagrammatic framework. From a continuum perspective, the boundary theory is described by a set of scalar fields in similarity with the standard $K$-matrix Chern-Simons theory. The continuum theory recovers the gapped boundaries of the lattice model once we include sufficiently strong interactions that break charge conservation. The analysis of the perturbative relevance of the leading interactions reveals a regime in which the Chamon model can have a stable gapless fractonic phase at its boundary.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, extended discussions, references added, minor corrections
Non-Gaussian state generation certified using the EPR-steering inequality
Creators: name: Gómez, E. S.
name: Cañas, G.
name: Acuña, E.
name: Nogueira, W. A. T.
name: Lima, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to practical reasons, experimental and theoretical continuous-variable (CV) quantum information (QI) has been heavily based on Gaussian states. Nevertheless, many CV-QI protocols require the use of non-Gaussian states and operations. Here, we show that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering inequality can be used to obtain a practical witness for the generation of pure bipartite non-Gaussian states. While the scenario require pure states, we show its broad relevance by reporting the experimental observation of the non-Gaussianity of the CV two-photon state generated in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The observed non-Gaussianity is due only to the intrinsic phase-matching conditions of SPDC
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
MOESM1 of What is the impact of active management on biodiversity in boreal and temperate forests set aside for conservation or restoration? A systematic map
Creators: name: Bernes, Claes
name: Jonsson, Bengt
name: Junninen, Kaisa
name: LĂľhmus, Asko
name: Macdonald, Ellen
name: JĂśrg MĂźller
name: SandstrĂśm, Jennie
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Swedish perspectives on active management of forest set-asides.
MOESM3 of What is the impact of active management on biodiversity in boreal and temperate forests set aside for conservation or restoration? A systematic map
Creators: name: Bernes, Claes
name: Jonsson, Bengt
name: Junninen, Kaisa
name: LĂľhmus, Asko
name: Macdonald, Ellen
name: JĂśrg MĂźller
name: SandstrĂśm, Jennie
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Full set of criteria for inclusion/exclusion of articles.
Transverse single spin asymmetry in Drell-Yan production in polarized pA collisions
Creators: name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transverse single spin asymmetry in Drell-Yan production in pA collisions with incoming protons being transversely polarized. We carry out the calculation using a newly developed hybrid approach. The polarized cross section computed in the hybrid approach is consistent with that obtained from the usual TMD factorization at low transverse momentum as expected, whereas at high transverse momentum, color entanglement effect is found to play a role in contributing to the spin asymmetry of Drell-Yan production, though it is a $1/N_c^2$ suppressed effect.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Disjunctive multiple testing: Unified adjustments of p-values, Bayes factors, false discovery rates, false sign rates, etc.
Creators: name: Bickel, David R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The widespread inability to replicate research results has been largely attributed to misinterpretations of p-values and even to null hypothesis significance testing itself. As a result, a wide variety of alternatives to p-values have been proposed. Toward the Bayesian end of the spectrum is the local false discovery rate, the posterior probability that the null hypothesis is true. While easy to interpret, it by definition requires a nonzero prior probability of the null hypothesis. Alternatives without that requirement include Bayes factors, local false sign rates, and local false region rates. As these alternatives gain traction, they call for a reconsideration of multiple testing adjustments.
This paper proposes a general method of adjusting p-values and alternative quantities for simultaneous claims about multiple parameters of interest. This rationale for accounting for multiple testing differs from the traditional rationale of controlling frequentist error rates. The proposed rationale is compatible with, but does not require, the shrinkage present in empirical Bayes and hierarchical Bayesian methods. The rationale leads to a very simple method of adjustment: add up the p-values or alternative quantities corresponding to the simultaneous claim. The sum puts an upper bound on the approximate posterior probability that the claim is false.
Slightly broken higher-spin current in bosonic and fermionic QED in the large-$N$ limit
Creators: name: Zhou, Zheng
name: He, Yin-Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the slightly broken higher-spin currents in various CFTs with $\mathrm{U}(1)$ gauge field, including the tricritical QED, scalar QED, fermionic QED and QED-Gross-Neveu-Yukawa theory. We calculate their anomalous dimension by making use of the classical non-conservation equation and the equations of motion. We find a logarithmic asymptotic behaviour ($γ_s\sim 16/(Nπ^2) \log s $) of the anomalous dimension at large spin $s$, which is different from other interacting CFTs without gauge fields and may indicate certain unique features of gauge theories. We also study slightly broken higher-spin currents of the $\mathrm{SU}(N)_1$ WZW model at $d=2+ε$ dimensions by formulating them as the QED theory, and we again find its anomalous dimension has a logarithmic asymptotic behaviour with respect to spin. This result resolves the mystery regarding the mechanism of breaking higher spin currents of Virasoro symmetry at $d=2+ε$ dimensions, and may be applicable to other interesting problems such as the $2+ε$ expansion of Ising CFT.
description: 25 pages
How a Remote Video Game Coding Camp Improved Autistic College Students' Self-Efficacy in Communication
Creators: name: Begel, Andrew
name: Dominic, James
name: Beeson, Thomas
name: Phillis, Conner
name: Rodeghero, Paige
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Education

description: Communication and teamwork are essential skills for software developers. However, these skills are often difficult to learn for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We designed, developed, and ran a 13-day, remote video game coding camp for incoming college first-year students with ASD. We developed instructional materials to teach computer programming, video game design, and communication and teaming skills. Students used the MakeCode Arcade development environment to build their games and Zoom to remotely collaborate with their teammates. In summative interviews, students reported improved programming skills, increased confidence in communication, and better experiences working with others. We also found that students valued the opportunity to practice teaming, such as being more vocal in expressing ideas to their peers, and working out differences of opinion with their teammates. Two students reported the remote learning environment decreased their anxiety and stress, both are frequent challenges for autistic people. We plan to run the camp again next year with course materials that we have made available online.
Transfer of arbitrary two qubit states via a spin chain
Creators: name: Lorenzo, S.
name: Apollaro, T. J. G.
name: Paganelli, S.
name: Palma, G. M.
name: Plastina, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the fidelity of the quantum state transfer (QST) of two qubits by means of an arbitrary spin-1/2 network, on a lattice of any dimensionality. Under the assumptions that the network Hamiltonian preserves the magnetization and that a fully polarized initial state is taken for the lattice, we obtain a general formula for the average fidelity of the two qubits QST, linking it to the one- and two-particle transfer amplitudes of the spin-excitations among the sites of the lattice. We then apply this formalism to a 1D spin chain with XX-Heisenberg type nearest-neighbour interactions adopting a protocol that is a generalization of the single qubit one proposed in Ref. [Phys. Rev. A 87, 062309 (2013)]. We find that a high-quality two qubit QST can be achieved provided one can control the local fields at sites near the sender and receiver. Under such conditions, we obtain an almost perfect transfer in a time that scales either linearly or, depending on the spin number, quadratically with the length of the chain.
description: 9 pages
Reliable Natural Language Understanding with Large Language Models and Answer Set Programming
Creators: name: Rajasekharan, Abhiramon
name: Zeng, Yankai
name: Padalkar, Parth
name: Gupta, Gopal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humans understand language by extracting information (meaning) from sentences, combining it with existing commonsense knowledge, and then performing reasoning to draw conclusions. While large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 and ChatGPT are able to leverage patterns in the text to solve a variety of NLP tasks, they fall short in problems that require reasoning. They also cannot reliably explain the answers generated for a given question. In order to emulate humans better, we propose STAR, a framework that combines LLMs with Answer Set Programming (ASP). We show how LLMs can be used to effectively extract knowledge -- represented as predicates -- from language. Goal-directed ASP is then employed to reliably reason over this knowledge. We apply the STAR framework to three different NLU tasks requiring reasoning: qualitative reasoning, mathematical reasoning, and goal-directed conversation. Our experiments reveal that STAR is able to bridge the gap of reasoning in NLU tasks, leading to significant performance improvements, especially for smaller LLMs, i.e., LLMs with a smaller number of parameters. NLU applications developed using the STAR framework are also explainable: along with the predicates generated, a justification in the form of a proof tree can be produced for a given output.
description: In Proceedings ICLP 2023, arXiv:2308.14898
MOESM3 of Safety, tolerability and effects on cardiometabolic risk factors of empagliflozin monotherapy in drug-naĂŻve patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind extension of a Phase III randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Roden, Michael
name: Merker, Ludwig
name: Christiansen, Anita
name: Roux, Flavien
name: Salsali, Afshin
name: Kim, Gabriel
name: Stella, Peter
name: Woerle, Hans
name: Broedl, Uli
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure over time.
Categorical matrix factorizations
Creators: name: Bergh, Petter Andreas
name: Jorgensen, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02, 18E05, 18G35, 18G80

description: In this paper we give a purely categorical construction of d-fold matrix factorizations of a natural transformation, for any even integer d. This recovers the classical definition of those for regular elements in commutative rings due to Eisenbud. We explore some natural functors between associated triangulated categories, and show that when d=2 these are full and faithful, and in some cases equivalences.
description: 18 pages
MOESM6 of High-throughput assessment of context-dependent effects of chromatin proteins
Creators: name: Brueckner, Laura
name: Arensbergen, Joris
name: Akhtar, Waseem
name: Pagie, Ludo
name: Steensel, Bas
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6: Figure S6. Fold change in reporter expression Gal4-HP1/HP1 as quantified by NGS divided over nine chromatin states. Median values are represented by black horizontal bars. Number of reporters integrated in each state is specified above graph.
CFTs with $U(m)\times U(n)$ Global Symmetry in 3D and the Chiral Phase Transition of QCD
Creators: name: Kousvos, Stefanos R.
name: Stergiou, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformal field theories (CFTs) with $U(m)\times U(n)$ global symmetry in $d=3$ dimensions have been studied for years due to their potential relevance to the chiral phase transition of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this work such CFTs are analyzed in $d=4-\varepsilon$ and $d=3$. This includes perturbative computations in the $\varepsilon$ and large-$n$ expansions as well as non-perturbative ones with the numerical conformal bootstrap. New perturbative results are presented and a variety of non-perturbative bootstrap bounds are obtained in $d=3$. Various features of the bounds obtained for large values of $n$ disappear for low values of $n$ (keeping $m
description: 35 pages, 15 figures. v2: Comments added. Misidentification of $U_\pm$ fixed points fixed. v3: Discussion on applicability of bootstrap results amended
Universal description of radially excited heavy and light vector mesons
Creators: name: Afonin, S. S.
name: Pusenkov, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new qualitative stringlike picture for mesons is proposed which leads to a simple and intuitively clear generalization of linear radial Regge trajectories to the case of massive quarks. The obtained universal relation is successfully tested in the sector of unflavored vector mesons, where many radial excitations are known. Some new predictions are given. Our results suggest that the quark masses can be easily estimated from the spectra of radially excited mesons.
description: 15 pages, to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysregulation caused by α-synuclein in Dictyostelium discoideum
Creators: name: Fernando, S
name: Allan, Claire
name: Mroczek, Katelyn
name: Pearce, Xavier
name: Sanislav, Oana
name: Fisher, Paul
name: Annesley, Sarah
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310199
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310803
subject: Plant cell and molecular biology
classificationCode: 310902
subject: Animal cell and molecular biology

description: Alpha synuclein has been linked to both sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is the most abundant protein in Lewy bodies a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. The function of this protein and the molecular mechanisms underlying its toxicity are still unclear, but many studies have suggested that the mechanism of α-synuclein toxicity involves alterations to mitochondrial function. Here we expressed human α-synuclein and two PD-causing α-synuclein mutant proteins (with a point mutation, A53T, and a C-terminal 20 amino acid truncation) in the eukaryotic model Dictyostelium discoideum. Mitochondrial disease has been well studied in D. discoideum and, unlike in mammals, mitochondrial dysfunction results in a clear set of defective phenotypes. These defective phenotypes are caused by the chronic hyperactivation of the cellular energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Expression of α-synuclein wild type and mutant forms was toxic to the cells and mitochondrial function was dysregulated. Some but not all of the defective phenotypes could be rescued by down regulation of AMPK revealing both AMPK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, we also show that the C-terminus of α-synuclein is required and sufficient for the localisation of the protein to the cell cortex in D. discoideum.
Anomalous diffusion, non-Gaussianity, and nonergodicity for subordinated fractional Brownian motion with a drift
Creators: name: Liang, Yingjie
name: Wang, Wei
name: Metzler, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stochastic motion of a particle with long-range correlated increments (the moving phase) which is intermittently interrupted by immobilizations (the traping phase) in a disordered medium is considered in the presence of an external drift. In particular, we consider trapping events whose times follow a scale-free distribution with diverging mean trapping time. We construct this process in terms of fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with constant forcing in which the trapping effect is introduced by the subordination technique, connecting "operational time" with observable "real time". We derive the statistical properties of this process such as non-Gaussianity and non-ergodicity, for both ensemble and single-trajectory (time) averages. We demonstrate nice agreement with extensive simulations for the probability density function, skewness, kurtosis, as well as ensemble and time-averaged mean squared displacements. We pay specific emphasis on the comparisons between the cases with and without drift.
Cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysregulation caused by α-synuclein in Dictyostelium discoideum
Creators: name: S Fernando
name: Allan, Claire
name: Mroczek, Katelyn
name: Pearce, Xavier
name: Sanislav, Oana
name: Fisher, Paul
name: Annesley, Sarah
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

description: Alpha synuclein has been linked to both sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is the most abundant protein in Lewy bodies a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. The function of this protein and the molecular mechanisms underlying its toxicity are still unclear, but many studies have suggested that the mechanism of α-synuclein toxicity involves alterations to mitochondrial function. Here we expressed human α-synuclein and two PD-causing α-synuclein mutant proteins (with a point mutation, A53T, and a C-terminal 20 amino acid truncation) in the eukaryotic model Dictyostelium discoideum. Mitochondrial disease has been well studied in D. discoideum and, unlike in mammals, mitochondrial dysfunction results in a clear set of defective phenotypes. These defective phenotypes are caused by the chronic hyperactivation of the cellular energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Expression of α-synuclein wild type and mutant forms was toxic to the cells and mitochondrial function was dysregulated. Some but not all of the defective phenotypes could be rescued by down regulation of AMPK revealing both AMPK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, we also show that the C-terminus of α-synuclein is required and sufficient for the localisation of the protein to the cell cortex in D. discoideum.
Covariance-Based OFDM Spectrum Sensing with Sub-Nyquist Samples
Creators: name: Razavi, Alireza
name: Valkama, Mikko
name: Cabric, Danijela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a feature-based method for spectrum sensing of OFDM signals from sub-Nyquist samples over a single band. We exploit the structure of the covariance matrix of OFDM signals to convert an underdetermined set of covariance-based equations to an overdetermined one. The statistical properties of sample covariance matrix are analyzed and then based on that an approximate Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) for detection of OFDM signals from sub-Nyquist samples is derived. The method is also extended to the frequency-selective channels.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures
Domain-Adversarial Graph Neural Networks for $Λ$ Hyperon Identification with CLAS12
Creators: name: McEneaney, Matthew
name: Vossen, Anselm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning methods and in particular Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have revolutionized many tasks within the high energy physics community. We report on the novel use of GNNs and a domain-adversarial training method to identify $Λ$ hyperon events with the CLAS12 experiment at Jefferson Lab. The GNN method we have developed increases the purity of the $Λ$ yield by a factor of $1.95$ and by $1.82$ using the domain-adversarial training. This work also provides a good benchmark for developing event tagging machine learning methods for the $Λ$ and other channels at CLAS12 and other experiments, such as the planned Electron Ion Collider.
Coupling of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin dynamics in Mn$_{2}$Au/NiFe thin-film bilayers
Creators: name: Al-Hamdo, Hassan
name: Wagner, Tobias
name: Lytvynenko, Yaryna
name: Kendzo, Gutenberg
name: Reimers, Sonka
name: Ruhwedel, Moritz
name: Yaqoob, Misbah
name: Vasyuchka, Vitaliy I.
name: Pirro, Philipp
name: Sinova, Jairo
name: Kläui, Mathias
name: Jourdan, Martin
name: Gomonay, Olena
name: Weiler, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate magnetization dynamics of Mn$_{2}$Au/Py (Ni$_{80}$Fe$_{20}$) thin film bilayers using broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. Our bilayers exhibit two resonant modes with zero-field frequencies up to almost 40 GHz, far above the single-layer Py FMR. Our model calculations attribute these modes to the coupling of the Py FMR and the two antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) modes of Mn2Au. The coupling-strength is in the order of 1.6 T$\cdot$nm at room temperature for nm-thick Py. Our model reveals the dependence of the hybrid modes on the AFMR frequencies and interfacial coupling as well as the evanescent character of the spin waves that extend across the Mn$_{2}$Au/Py interface
"There's so much responsibility on users right now:" Expert Advice for Staying Safer From Hate and Harassment
Creators: name: Wei, Miranda
name: Consolvo, Sunny
name: Kelley, Patrick Gage
name: Kohno, Tadayoshi
name: Roesner, Franziska
name: Thomas, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online hate and harassment poses a threat to the digital safety of people globally. In light of this risk, there is a need to equip as many people as possible with advice to stay safer online. We interviewed 24 experts to understand what threats and advice internet users should prioritize to prevent or mitigate harm. As part of this, we asked experts to evaluate 45 pieces of existing hate-and-harassment-specific digital-safety advice to understand why they felt advice was viable or not. We find that experts frequently had competing perspectives for which threats and advice they would prioritize. We synthesize sources of disagreement, while also highlighting the primary threats and advice where experts concurred. Our results inform immediate efforts to protect users from online hate and harassment, as well as more expansive socio-technical efforts to establish enduring safety.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, 84 references
The Size Distribution of Inhabited Planets
Creators: name: Simpson, Fergus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earth-like planets are expected to provide the greatest opportunity for the detection of life beyond the Solar System. However our planet cannot be considered a fair sample, especially if intelligent life exists elsewhere. Just as a person's country of origin is a biased sample among countries, so too their planet of origin may be a biased sample among planets. The magnitude of this effect can be substantial: over 98% of the world's population live in a country larger than the median. In the context of a simple model where the mean population density is invariant to planet size, we infer that a given inhabited planet (such as our nearest neighbour) has a radius $r<1.2 r_\oplus$ (95% confidence bound). We show that this result is likely to hold not only for planets hosting advanced life, but also for those which harbour primitive life forms. Further inferences may be drawn for any variable which influences population size. For example, since population density is widely observed to decline with increasing body mass, we conclude that most intelligent species are expected to exceed 300kg.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; Published version; v3: Pedagogical video now available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRGca_Ya6OM and further material at http://www.thebigalientheory.com
Additional file 1 of Performance of models for estimating absolute risk difference in multicenter trials with binary outcome
Creators: name: Pedroza, Claudia
name: Truong, Van Thanh
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional results and sample R code. (PDF 275 kb)
Subwavelength edge detection through trapped resonances in waveguides
Creators: name: Molerón, Miguel
name: Daraio, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lenses that can collect the perfect image of an object must restore propagative and evanescent waves. However, for efficient information transfer, e.g., in compressed sensing, it is often desirable to detect only the fast spatial variations of the wave field (carried by evanescent waves), as the one created by edges or small details. Image processing edge detection algorithms perform such operation but they add time and complexity to the imaging process. Here, we present a new subwavelength approach that generates an image of only those components of the acoustic field that are equal to or smaller than the operating wavelength. The proposed technique converts evanescent waves into propagative waves exciting trapped resonances in a waveguide, and it uses periodicity to attenuate the propagative components. This approach achieves resolutions about an order of magnitude smaller than the operating wavelength and makes it possible to visualize independently edges aligned along different directions.
MOESM2 of The multifunctional roles of vegetated strips around and within agricultural fields. A systematic map protocol
Creators: name: Haddaway, Neal
name: Brown, Colin
name: SĂśnke Eggers
name: Josefsson, Jonas
name: Kronvang, Brian
name: Randall, Nicola
name: Uusi-KĂ¤MppĂ¤, Jaana
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Coding tool.
title: Философия даосизма
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Новосибирский государственный университет экономики и управления «НИНХ»
Year: 2022

description: В учебном пособии раскрыты базовые концепции даосизма. Материалы пособия способствуют систематизации знаний о данном философском учении, выработке навыков понимания и анализа древневосточных текстов и маркеров китайской культуры. Учебное пособие может быть использовано для различных учебных задач: как для общего знакомства с проблематикой даосизма (например, на уровне бакалавриата), так и для более сложных (например, на уровне магистратуры). Учебное пособие «Философия даосизма» предназначено для студентов, изучающих дисциплины «Философия», «Философия Востока», «Религиоведение», «Мировые религии», «Культурология» и т. д., а также для всех, кому интересна данная тема.
A database of the healthy human spinal cord morphometry in the PAM50 template space
Creators: name: Jan Valošek
name: Sandrine Bédard
name: Miloš Keřkovský
name: Tomáš Rohan
name: Julien Cohen-Adad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: canadian-open-neuroscience-platform
neurolibre

description: NeuroLibre JupyterBook built at this  reference repository/commit by roboneuro, based on the latest change by the author.
For details, please visit the corresponding NeuroLibre technical screening.

https://neurolibre.org