cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the value of optimal stopping games
Creators: name: Ekström, Erik
name: Villeneuve, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91A15 (Primary) 60G40 (Secondary)

description: We show, under weaker assumptions than in the previous literature, that a perpetual optimal stopping game always has a value. We also show that there exists an optimal stopping time for the seller, but not necessarily for the buyer. Moreover, conditions are provided under which the existence of an optimal stopping time for the buyer is guaranteed. The results are illustrated explicitly in two examples.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000204 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Enhancing Healthcare Data Confidentiality through Decentralized TEE Attestation
Creators: name: D'ANTONIO, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The integration of digital technologies like the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Electronic Health Records (EHRs)in healthcare has significantly improved patient care. However, this digital transformation brings challenges, particularly regardingthe secure computation, privacy and security of sensitive health information. This paper presents a potential solution to thesechallenges by combining Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) with a decentralized attestation mechanism. Unlike traditionalcentralized attestation, the proposed approach leverages blockchain technology to ensure transparency, immutability, and enhanced security. This research outlines the benefits, discusses potential threats to validity, and suggests future work to further secure healthcare data processing, ultimately aiming to create a more robust and resilient system for protecting sensitive patient information.
Acoustic twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Gardezi, S. Minhal
name: Pirie, Harris
name: Dorrell, William
name: Hoffman, Jennifer E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have recently emerged as an attractive platform to study tunable correlated electron systems. However, the quantum mechanical nature of vdW heterostructures makes their theoretical and experimental exploration laborious and expensive. Here we present a simple platform to mimic the behavior of twisted vdW heterostructures using acoustic metamaterials comprising of interconnected air cavities in a steel plate. Our classical analog of twisted bilayer graphene shows much of the same behavior as its quantum counterpart, including mode localization at a magic angle of about 1.1 degrees. By tuning the thickness of the interlayer membrane, we reach a regime of strong interactions more than three times higher than the feasible range of twisted bilayer graphene under pressure. In this regime, we find the magic angle as high as 6.01 degrees, corresponding to a far denser array of localized modes in real space and further increasing their interaction strength. Our results broaden the capabilities for cross-talk between quantum mechanics and acoustics, as vdW metamaterials can be used both as simplified models for exploring quantum systems and as a means for translating interesting quantum effects into acoustics.
A longer XMM-Newton look at I Zwicky 1: Variability of the X-ray continuum, absorption, and iron Kalpha line
Creators: name: Gallo, L. C.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Costantini, E.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Iwasawa, K.
name: Papadakis, I. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the second XMM-Newton observation (85 ks) of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1) I Zw 1 and describe its mean spectral and timing characteristics. On average, I Zw 1 is ~35 per cent dimmer in 2005 than in the shorter (20 ks) 2002 observation. Between the two epochs the intrinsic absorption column density diminished, but there were also subtle changes in the continuum shape. Considering the blurred ionised reflection model, the long-term changes can be associated with a varying contribution of the power law component relative to the total spectrum. Examination of normalised light curves indicates that the high-energy variations are quite structured and that there are delays, but only in some parts of the light curve. Interestingly, a hard X-ray lag first appears during the most-distinct structure in the mean light curve, a flux dip ~25 ks into the observation. The previously discovered broad, ionised Fe Ka line shows significant variations over the course of the 2005 observation. The amplitude of the variations is 25-45 per cent and they are unlikely due to changes in the Fe ka-producing region, but perhaps arise from orbital motion around the black hole or obscuration in the broad iron line-emitting region. The 2002 data are re-examined for variability of the Fe Ka line at that epoch. There is evidence of energy and flux variations that are associated with a hard X-ray flare that occurred during that observation.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. Minor revisions and expanded discussion
Exploring associations, themes and characteristics of social support, stress, and coping in the lives of gay male partners of men with HIV/AIDS
Creators: name: Graham, David Thomas Samuel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A small but growing body of research indicates that gay male partners of men with HIV/AIDS face a unique combination of psycho-social stresses. This study explored the associations, themes, and characteristics of social support, stress, and coping in their lives. This study used mixed methodology comprised of a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. The samples consisted of two different sets of individuals: 39 survey and 6 interview participants. The major findings were: First, the survey results indicated few significant associations between social support, stress, and coping and its related variables; however, the use of blaming/wishful-thinking coping styles was associated with higher perceived stress. Several significant associations were found between various intervening variables; most notably, lower self-esteem was associated with lower perceived coping ability, and greater amounts of caregiving were associated with higher perceived stress. Second, the subjects reported generally high levels of social support, but perceived notably less support from family members than from partners and friends. Third, the survey and interview subjects typically used a variety of coping styles, the most common of which was 'seeking support'. Three coping themes emerged from the interviews: 'seeking support', 'shifting the focus', and 'living day by day'. Fourth, the in-depth interviews indicated the subjects experienced significant ongoing stress derived from the volatility and uncertainty in their lives, their accumulated losses, and their need to 'juggle responsibilities.' The most common sources of stress in the participant's relationships with their partners were sex-related problems and depression. For social workers, this study's findings highlight some of the complex psycho-social problems and characteristics faced by this population group and the need to develop appropriate interventions and policies to support them.
Observational constraints on the likelihood of $^{26}$Al in planet-forming environments
Creators: name: Reiter, Megan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work suggests that $^{26}$Al may determine the water budget in terrestrial exoplanets as its radioactive decay dehydrates planetesimals leading to rockier compositions. Here I consider the observed distribution of $^{26}$Al in the Galaxy and typical star-forming environments to estimate the likelihood of $^{26}$Al enrichment during planet formation. I do not assume Solar-System-specific constraints as I am interested in enrichment for exoplanets generally. Observations indicate that high-mass stars dominate the production of $^{26}$Al with nearly equal contributions from their winds and supernovae. $^{26}$Al abundances are comparable to those in the early Solar System in the high-mass star-forming regions where most stars (and thereby most planets) form. These high abundances appear to be maintained for a few Myr, much longer than the 0.7 Myr half-life. Observed bulk $^{26}$Al velocities are an order of magnitude slower than expected from winds and supernovae. These observations are at odds with typical model assumptions that $^{26}$Al is provided instantaneously by high velocity mass loss from supernovae and winds. Regular replenishment of $^{26}$Al especially when coupled with the small age differences that are common in high-mass star-forming complexes, may significantly increase the number of star/planet-forming systems exposed to $^{26}$Al. Exposure does not imply enrichment, but the order of magnitude slower velocity of $^{26}$Al may alter the fraction that is incorporated into planet-forming material. Together, this suggests that the conditions for rocky planet formation are not rare, nor are they ubiquitous, as small regions like Taurus that lack high-mass stars to produce $^{26}$Al may be less likely to form rocky planets. I conclude with suggested directions for future studies.
description: accepted to A&A Letters
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, August 9, 1916
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated August 9, 1916, suggesting they get involved in the Toronto market.
Coherent method for detection of gravitational wave bursts
Creators: name: Klimenko, S.
name: Yakushin, I.
name: Mercer, A.
name: Mitselmakher, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a coherent network algorithm for detection and reconstruction of gravitational wave bursts. The algorithm works for two and more arbitrarily aligned detectors and can be used for both all-sky and triggered burst searches. We describe the main components of the algorithm, including the time-frequency analysis in wavelet domain, construction of the likelihood time-frequency maps, the identification and selection of burst events.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of Amaldi conference in Sydney, Australia
Dynamo effect in the Kraichnan magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Arponen, Heikki
name: Horvai, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of a dynamo effect in a simplified magnetohydrodynamic model of turbulence is considered when the magnetic Prandtl number approaches zero or infinity. The magnetic field is interacting with an incompressible Kraichnan-Kasantzev model velocity field augmented with a viscous scale cutoff. An approximate system of equations in the different scaling ranges can be formulated and solved, so that the solution tends to the exact one when the viscous and magnetic-diffusive cutoffs approach zero. In this approximation we are able to determine analytically the conditions for the existence of a dynamo effect and give an estimate of the dynamo growth rate. Among other things we show that in the large Prandtl number case the dynamo effect is always present. Our analytical estimates are in good agreement with previous numerical studies of the Kraichnan-Kasantzev dynamo by D. Vincenzi.
description: 30 pages, 7 postscript figures
A new approach for efficient simulation of Coulomb interactions in ionic fluids
Creators: name: Denesyuk, Natalia A.
name: Weeks, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simplified version of local molecular field (LMF) theory to treat Coulomb interactions in simulations of ionic fluids. LMF theory relies on splitting the Coulomb potential into a short-ranged part that combines with other short-ranged core interactions and is simulated explicitly. The averaged effects of the remaining long-ranged part are taken into account through a self-consistently determined effective external field. The theory contains an adjustable length parameter sigma that specifies the cut-off distance for the short-ranged interaction. This can be chosen to minimize the errors resulting from the mean-field treatment of the complementary long-ranged part. Here we suggest that in many cases an accurate approximation to the effective field can be obtained directly from the equilibrium charge density given by the Debye theory of screening, thus eliminating the need for a self-consistent treatment. In the limit sigma -> 0, this assumption reduces to the classical Debye approximation. We examine the numerical performance of this approximation for a simple model of a symmetric ionic mixture. Our results for thermodynamic and structural properties of uniform ionic mixtures agree well with similar results of Ewald simulations of the full ionic system. In addition we have used the simplified theory in a grand-canonical simulation of a nonuniform ionic mixture where an ion has been fixed at the origin. Simulations using short-ranged truncations of the Coulomb interactions alone do not satisfy the exact condition of complete screening of the fixed ion, but this condition is recovered when the effective field is taken into account. We argue that this simplified approach can also be used in the simulations of more complex nonuniform systems.
description: To be published in Journal of Chemical Physics
Discovery of two Einstein crosses from massive post--blue nugget galaxies at z>1 in KiDS
Creators: name: Napolitano, N. R.
name: Li, R.
name: Spiniello, C.
name: Tortora, C.
name: Sergeyev, A.
name: D'Ago, G.
name: Guo, X.
name: Xie, L.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Roy, N.
name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
name: Kuijken, K.
name: Bilicki, M.
name: Erben, T.
name: Getman, F.
name: Heymans, C.
name: Hildebrandt, H.
name: Moya, C.
name: Shan, H. Y.
name: Vernardos, G.
name: Wright, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of two Einstein Crosses (ECs) in the footprint of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS): KIDS J232940-340922 and KIDS J122456+005048. Using integral field spectroscopy from MUSE@VLT, we confirm their gravitational-lens nature. In both cases, the four spectra of the source clearly show a prominence of absorption features, hence revealing an evolved stellar population with little star formation. The lensing model of the two systems, assuming a singular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE) with external shear, shows that: 1) the two crosses, located at redshift $z=0.38$ and 0.24, have Einstein radius $R_{\rm E}=5.2$ kpc and 5.4 kpc, respectively; 2) their projected dark matter fractions inside the half effective radius are 0.60 and 0.56 (Chabrier IMF); 3) the sources are ultra-compact galaxies, $R_{\rm e}\sim0.9$ kpc (at redshift $z_{\rm s}=1.59$) and $R_{\rm e}\sim0.5$ kpc ($z_{\rm s}=1.10$), respectively. These results are unaffected by the underlying mass density assumption. Due to size, blue color and absorption-dominated spectra, corroborated by low specific star-formation rates derived from optical-NIR spectral energy distribution fitting, we argue that the two lensed sources in these ECs are blue nuggets migrating toward their quenching phase.
description: Accepted for publication on APJL
Irradiated closed Friedmann brane-worlds
Creators: name: Keresztes, Zoltán
name: Képíró, Ibolya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the evolution of a closed Friedmann brane irradiated by a bulk black hole. Both absorption on the brane and transmission across the brane are allowed, the latter representing a generalization over a previously studied model. Without transmission, a critical behaviour could be observed, when the acceleration due to radiation pressure and the deceleration introduced by the increasing self-gravity of the brane roughly compensate each other. We show here that increasing transmission leads to the disappearance of the critical behaviour.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, in Proceedings of the FIKUT4 Conference
Attention-Based LSTM Network for COVID-19 Clinical Trial Parsing
Creators: name: Liu, Xiong
name: Finelli, Luca A.
name: Hersch, Greg L.
name: Khalil, Iya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: COVID-19 clinical trial design is a critical task in developing therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In this study, we apply a deep learning approach to extract eligibility criteria variables from COVID-19 trials to enable quantitative analysis of trial design and optimization. Specifically, we train attention-based bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Att-BiLSTM) models and use the optimal model to extract entities (i.e., variables) from the eligibility criteria of COVID-19 trials. We compare the performance of Att-BiLSTM with traditional ontology-based method. The result on a benchmark dataset shows that Att-BiLSTM outperforms the ontology model. Att-BiLSTM achieves a precision of 0.942, recall of 0.810, and F1 of 0.871, while the ontology model only achieves a precision of 0.715, recall of 0.659, and F1 of 0.686. Our analyses demonstrate that Att-BiLSTM is an effective approach for characterizing patient populations in COVID-19 clinical trials.
A population of heavily reddened, optically missed novae from Palomar Gattini-IR: Constraints on the Galactic nova rate
Creators: name: De, Kishalay
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Hankins, Matthew J.
name: Sokoloski, Jennifer L.
name: Adams, Scott M.
name: Ashley, Michael C. B.
name: Babul, Aliya-Nur
name: Bagdasaryan, Ashot
name: Delacroix, Alexandre
name: Dekany, Richard
name: Greffe, Timothee
name: Hale, David
name: Jencson, Jacob E.
name: Karambelkar, Viraj R.
name: Lau, Ryan M.
name: Mahabal, Ashish
name: McKenna, Daniel
name: Moore, Anna M.
name: Ofek, Eran O.
name: Sharma, Manasi
name: Smith, Roger M.
name: Soon, Jamie
name: Soria, Roberto
name: Srinivasaragavan, Gokul
name: Tinyanont, Samaporn
name: Travouillon, Tony
name: Tzanidakis, Anastasios
name: Yao, Yuhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nova rate in the Milky Way remains largely uncertain, despite its vital importance in constraining models of Galactic chemical evolution as well as understanding progenitor channels for Type Ia supernovae. The rate has been previously estimated in the range of $\approx10-300$ yr$^{-1}$, either based on extrapolations from a handful of very bright optical novae or the nova rates in nearby galaxies; both methods are subject to debatable assumptions. The total discovery rate of optical novae remains much smaller ($\approx5-10$ yr$^{-1}$) than these estimates, even with the advent of all-sky optical time domain surveys. Here, we present a systematic sample of 12 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic novae detected in the first 17 months of Palomar Gattini-IR (PGIR), a wide-field near-infrared time domain survey. Operating in $J$-band ($\approx1.2$ $μ$m) that is relatively immune to dust extinction, the extinction distribution of the PGIR sample is highly skewed to large extinction values ($> 50$% of events obscured by $A_V\gtrsim5$ mag). Using recent estimates for the distribution of mass and dust in the Galaxy, we show that the observed extinction distribution of the PGIR sample is commensurate with that expected from dust models. The PGIR extinction distribution is inconsistent with that reported in previous optical searches (null hypothesis probability $< 0.01$%), suggesting that a large population of highly obscured novae have been systematically missed in previous optical searches. We perform the first quantitative simulation of a $3π$ time domain survey to estimate the Galactic nova rate using PGIR, and derive a rate of $\approx 46.0^{+12.5}_{-12.4}$ yr$^{-1}$. Our results suggest that all-sky near-infrared time-domain surveys are well poised to uncover the Galactic nova population.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to ApJ
A Numerical Fitting Routine for Frequency-domain Thermoreflectance Measurements of Nanoscale Material Systems having Arbitrary Geometries
Creators: name: Warzoha, Ronald J.
name: Wilson, Adam A.
name: Donovan, Brian F.
name: Smith, Andrew N.
name: Vu, Nicholas T.
name: Perry, Trent
name: Li, Longnan
name: Miljkovic, Nenad
name: Getto, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we develop a numerical fitting routine to extract multiple thermal parameters using frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) for materials having non-standard, non-semi-infinite geometries. The numerical fitting routine is predicated on either a 2-D or 3-D finite element analysis that permits the inclusion of non semi-infinite boundary conditions, which can not be considered in the analytical solution to the heat diffusion equation in the frequency domain. We validate the fitting routine by comparing it to the analytical solution to the heat diffusion equation used within the wider literature for FDTR and known values of thermal conductivity for semi-infinite substrates (SiO2, Al2O3 and Si). We then demonstrate its capacity to extract the thermal properties of Si when etched into micropillars that have radii on the order of the pump beam. Experimental measurements of Si micropillars with circular cross-sections are provided and fit using the numerical fitting routine established as part of this work. Likewise, we show that the analytical solution is unsuitable for the extraction of thermal properties when the geometry deviates significantly from the standard semi-infinite case. This work is critical for measuring the thermal properties of materials having arbitrary geometries, including ultra-drawn glass fibers and laser gain media.
The dynamics of human body weight change
Creators: name: Chow, Carson C.
name: Hall, Kevin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: An imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure will lead to a change in body weight (mass) and body composition (fat and lean masses). A quantitative understanding of the processes involved, which currently remains lacking, will be useful in determining the etiology and treatment of obesity and other conditions resulting from prolonged energy imbalance. Here, we show that the long-term dynamics of human weight change can be captured by a mathematical model of the macronutrient flux balances and all previous models are special cases of this model. We show that the generic dynamical behavior of body composition for a clamped diet can be divided into two classes. In the first class, the body composition and mass are determined uniquely. In the second class, the body composition can exist at an infinite number of possible states. Surprisingly, perturbations of dietary energy intake or energy expenditure can give identical responses in both model classes and existing data are insufficient to distinguish between these two possibilities. However, this distinction is important for the efficacy of clinical interventions that alter body composition and mass.
Arcuospathidium muscorum subsp. muscorum Foissner 1984
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Gymnostomatea
Spathidiida
Arcuospathidiidae
Arcuospathidium
Arcuospathidium muscorum
Arcuospathidium muscorum muscorum (dragesco & dragesco-Kernéis, 1979) foissner, 1984

description: Arcuospathidium muscorum muscorum (Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, 1979) Foissner, 1984
Distribution. VENEZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
Affective elements in Cantonese guqu
Creators: name: Ip, Eliza Patricia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Two "old melodies" (guqu) from traditional Cantonese instrumental repertoire, "The Grief of Zhaojun" (Zhaojun Yuan) and "Autumn Moon Overlooking the Han Palace" (Hangong Qiuyue) are assigned contrasting moods by Cantonese musicians: the former is associated with sorrowful sentiments; the latter, with bright and/or lively qualities. This study attempts to show that affective elements in Cantonese instrumental music intergrate ancient socio-philosophical theories with aspects of traditional performance practice. Chapter 1 presents the similarities between Confucian functionalist ideology and a number of heterophonic features. Chapter 2 introduces the manifestation of Daoist metaphysical philosophy through principles of heterophonic variation and a number of melodic characteristics. Chapter 3 contains some general aspects of traditional Cantonese instrumental music and the musical analysis. The musical analysis looks, within the context of Confucianism and Daoism, at the affective role of melodic embellishment techniques associated with heterophonic practices.
Cosmological constraints from COMBO-17 using 3D weak lensing
Creators: name: Kitching, T. D.
name: Heavens, A. F.
name: Taylor, A. N.
name: Brown, M. L.
name: Meisenheimer, K.
name: Wolf, C.
name: Gray, M. E.
name: Bacon, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first application of the 3D cosmic shear method developed in Heavens et al. (2006) and the geometric shear-ratio analysis developed in Taylor et al. (2006), to the COMBO-17 data set. 3D cosmic shear has been used to analyse galaxies with redshift estimates from two random COMBO-17 fields covering 0.52 square degrees in total, providing a conditional constraint in the (sigma_8, Omega_m) plane as well as a conditional constraint on the equation of state of dark energy, parameterised by a constant w= p/rho c^2. The (sigma_8, Omega_m) plane analysis constrained the relation between sigma_8 and Omega_m to be sigma_8(Omega_m/0.3)^{0.57 +- 0.19}=1.06 +0.17 -0.16, in agreement with a 2D cosmic shear analysis of COMBO-17. The 3D cosmic shear conditional constraint on w using the two random fields is w=-1.27 +0.64 -0.70. The geometric shear-ratio analysis has been applied to the A901/2 field, which contains three small galaxy clusters. Combining the analysis from the A901/2 field, using the geometric shear-ratio analysis, and the two random fields, using 3D cosmic shear, w is conditionally constrained to w=-1.08 +0.63 -0.58. The errors presented in this paper are shown to agree with Fisher matrix predictions made in Heavens et al. (2006) and Taylor et al. (2006). When these methods are applied to large datasets, as expected soon from surveys such as Pan-STARRS and VST-KIDS, the dark energy equation of state could be constrained to an unprecedented degree of accuracy.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
On the Adversarial Robustness of LASSO Based Feature Selection
Creators: name: Li, Fuwei
name: Lai, Lifeng
name: Cui, Shuguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we investigate the adversarial robustness of feature selection based on the $\ell_1$ regularized linear regression model, namely LASSO. In the considered model, there is a malicious adversary who can observe the whole dataset, and then will carefully modify the response values or the feature matrix in order to manipulate the selected features. We formulate the modification strategy of the adversary as a bi-level optimization problem. Due to the difficulty of the non-differentiability of the $\ell_1$ norm at the zero point, we reformulate the $\ell_1$ norm regularizer as linear inequality constraints. We employ the interior-point method to solve this reformulated LASSO problem and obtain the gradient information. Then we use the projected gradient descent method to design the modification strategy. In addition, We demonstrate that this method can be extended to other $\ell_1$ based feature selection methods, such as group LASSO and sparse group LASSO. Numerical examples with synthetic and real data illustrate that our method is efficient and effective.
Generalized eccentric vs. true anomaly parametrizations in the perturbed Keplerian motion
Creators: name: Mikóczi, Balázs
name: Keresztes, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The angular and the radial parts of the dynamics of the perturbed Kepler motion are separable in many important cases. In this paper we study the radial motion and its parametrizations. We develop in detail a generalized eccentric anomaly parametrization and a procedure of computing a generic class of integrals based on the residue theorem. We apply the formalism to determine various contributions to the luminosity of a compact binary.
description: 7 pages, in Proceedings of the FIKUT4 Conference
Ist es immer eine Tugend im ökumenischen Dialog mit einer gemeinsamen Stimme zu sprechen?
Creators: name: Mey, Peter De
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 60 Nr. 4 (2011): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 60, Heft 4
Emerging spintronics phenomena and applications
Creators: name: Mishra, Rahul
name: Yang, Hyunsoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Development of future sensor, memory, and computing nanodevices based on novel physical concepts is one of the significant research endeavors in solid-state research. The field of spintronics is one such promising area of nanoelectronics which utilizes both the charge and spin of an electron for device operations. The advantage offered by spin systems is in their non-volatility and low-power functionality. This paper reviews emerging spintronic phenomena and the research advancements in diverse spin based applications. Spin devices and systems for logic, memories, emerging computing schemes, flexible electronics and terahertz emitters are discussed in this report.
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, September 18, 1916
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated September 18, 1916, expressing his concern and confusion regarding R. A. Lambert and an application he received for Lambert's job.
Unraveling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows: V. Integral-field spectroscopy of 40 moderate-luminosity Type-2 AGNs
Creators: name: Luo, Rongxin
name: Woo, Jong-Hak
name: Karouzos, Marios
name: Bae, Hyun-Jin
name: Shin, Jaejin
name: McConnell, Nicholas
name: Shih, Hsin-Yi
name: Kim, Yoo Jung
name: Park, Songyoun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is an ongoing debate on whether feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can effectively regulate the star formation activities in their host galaxies. To investigate the feedback effect of AGN-driven outflows, we perform integral-field spectroscopic observations of 40 moderate-luminosity (10$^{41.5}$ $
description: 25 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Characterization of the convergence of stationary Fokker-Planck learning
Creators: name: Berrones, Arturo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The convergence properties of the stationary Fokker-Planck algorithm for the estimation of the asymptotic density of stochastic search processes is studied. Theoretical and empirical arguments for the characterization of convergence of the estimation in the case of separable and nonseparable nonlinear optimization problems are given. Some implications of the convergence of stationary Fokker-Planck learning for the inference of parameters in artificial neural network models are outlined.
Evaluating Models of Robust Word Recognition with Serial Reproduction
Creators: name: Meylan, Stephan C.
name: Nair, Sathvik
name: Griffiths, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spoken communication occurs in a "noisy channel" characterized by high levels of environmental noise, variability within and between speakers, and lexical and syntactic ambiguity. Given these properties of the received linguistic input, robust spoken word recognition -- and language processing more generally -- relies heavily on listeners' prior knowledge to evaluate whether candidate interpretations of that input are more or less likely. Here we compare several broad-coverage probabilistic generative language models in their ability to capture human linguistic expectations. Serial reproduction, an experimental paradigm where spoken utterances are reproduced by successive participants similar to the children's game of "Telephone," is used to elicit a sample that reflects the linguistic expectations of English-speaking adults. When we evaluate a suite of probabilistic generative language models against the yielded chains of utterances, we find that those models that make use of abstract representations of preceding linguistic context (i.e., phrase structure) best predict the changes made by people in the course of serial reproduction. A logistic regression model predicting which words in an utterance are most likely to be lost or changed in the course of spoken transmission corroborates this result. We interpret these findings in light of research highlighting the interaction of memory-based constraints and representations in language processing.
title: The Dynamics of International Capital Flows: Results from a Dynamic Hierarchical Factor Model
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Foerster, Marcel
name: Jorra, Markus
name: Tillmann, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: dynamic hierarchical factor model
Economics
Wirtschaft
Capital flows
financial crises
emerging economies

description: The present paper examines the degree of comovement of gross capital
inflows, which is a highly sensitive issue for policy makers. We estimate
a dynamic hierarchical factor model that is able to decompose inflows
in a sample of 47 economies into (i) a global factor common to all types
of flows and all recipient countries, (ii) a factor specific to a given type
of capital inflows, (iii) a regional factor and (iv) a country-specific component.
We find that the latter explains by far the largest fraction of
fluctuations in capital inflows followed by regional factors, which are
particularly important for emerging markets’ FDI and portfolio inflows
as well as bank lending to emerging Europe. The global factor, however,
explains only a small share of overall variation. The exposure to global
drivers of capital flows, i.e. the global factor and the factor specific to
each type of capital inflows, is particularly pronounced for countries
with a more developed financial system. A fixed exchange rate regime
does not shield countries from the ebb and flow of global capital flow
cycles.
Elliptic Flow, Kasner Universe and Holographic Dual of RHIC Fireball
Creators: name: Sin, Sang-Jin
name: Nakamura, Shin
name: Kim, Sang Pyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a holographic dual of hydrodynamics of N=4 SYM plasma that undergoes non-isotropic three-dimensional expansion relevant to RHIC fireball. Our model is a natural extension of the Bjorken's one-dimensional expansion, and it describes an elliptic flow whose v2 and eccentricity are given in terms of anisotropy parameters. Holographic renormalization shows that absence of conformal anomaly in the SYM theory constrains our local rest frame to be a Kasner spacetime. We show that the Kasner spcetime provides a simple description of the anisotropically expanding fluid within a well-controled approximation. We also find that the dual geometry determines some of the hydrodynamic quantities in terms of the initial condition and the fundamental constants.
description: 14+1 pages, 2 figures. v2: published version, appendix added
Simulating at Realistic Quark Masses: Pseudoscalar Decay Constants and Chiral Logarithms
Creators: name: Göckeler, M.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Pleiter, D.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schierholz, G.
name: Schroers, W.
name: Streuer, T.
name: Stüben, H.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to improvements in computer performance and algorithms, the rapidly increasing cost for unquenched Wilson-type fermions with lighter quarks has been ameliorated and new simulations are now possible. Here we present results using two flavours of O(a)-improved Wilson fermions for meson decay constants at pseudoscalar masses down to 320MeV. Results are at several lattice spacings down to about 0.07fm and include a non-perturbative determination of the renormalisation constant. This enables us to attempt contact with (partially quenched) chiral perturbation theory.
description: 7 pages, contribution to Lattice 2006
Imaging a 1-electron InAs quantum dot in an InAs/InP nanowire
Creators: name: Bleszynski-Jayich, A. C.
name: Froberg, L. E.
name: Bjork, M. T.
name: Trodahl, H. J.
name: Samuelson, L.
name: Westervelt, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanowire heterostructures define high-quality few-electron quantum dots for nanoelectronics, spintronics and quantum information processing. We use a cooled scanning probe microscope (SPM) to image and control an InAs quantum dot in an InAs/InP nanowire, using the tip as a movable gate. Images of dot conductance vs. tip position at T = 4.2 K show concentric rings as electrons are added, starting with the first electron. The SPM can locate a dot along a nanowire and individually tune its charge, abilities that will be very useful for the control of coupled nanowire dots.
title: Fiscal decentralization and Pollution: Institutions Matter
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza
name: Mennel, Tim
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
environmental quality
institutions
pollution
decentralization

description: We estimate the impact of fiscal decentralization on different indicators of pollution for more than 80 countries from 1970 to 2000. Our cross country estimates show that fiscal decentralization increases pollution. However, higher quality of institutions can limit the destructive environmental effects of decentralization. The empirical results confirm a strand of the literature on decentralization that predicts a “race to the bottom” under federalism. The mitigating effect of good governance can be explained by relative preferences of local and central governments for environmental quality.
Large-scale industrial symbiosis of sawmill, bio-refining and side stream utilisation
Creators: name: Partanen, Asta
name: Piltz, Gunilla
name: vom Berg, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Description of the "Large-scale industrial symbiosis of sawmill, bio-refining and side stream utilisation" good practice identified in the WoodCircus Project. Page 20 of the Good Practice Catalogue.
Nonequilibrium-DMFT based RIXS investigation of the two-orbital Hubbard model
Creators: name: Werner, Philipp
name: Johnston, Steven
name: Eckstein, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) detects various types of high- and low-energy elementary excitations in correlated solids, and this tool will play an increasingly important role in investigations of time-dependent phenomena in photo-excited systems. While theoretical frameworks for the computation of equilibrium RIXS spectra are well established, the development of appropriate methods for nonequilibrium simulations are an active research field. Here, we apply a recently developed nonequilibrium dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) based approach to compute the RIXS response of photo-excited two-orbital Mott insulators. The results demonstrate the feasibility of multi-orbital nonequilibrium RIXS calculations and the sensitivity of the quasi-elastic fluorescence-like features and d-d excitation peaks on the nonequilibrium population of the Hubbard bands.
Drag Control by Hydrogen Injection in Shocked Stagnation Zone of Blunt Nose
Creators: name: Vashishtha, Ashish
name: Callaghan, Dean
name: Nolan, Cathal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main motivation of the current study is to propose a high-pressure hydrogen injection as an hybrid active flow control technique in order to manipulate the flow-field in front of a blunt nose during hypersonic flight. Hydrogen injection can lead to self-igition under the right environment conditions in a stagnation zone, and may cause thermal heat addition through combustion and provide the counterjet effect together by pushing bow shock upstream. The axisymmetric numerical simulations for the hemispherical blunt nose are performed at a Mach 6 freestream flow with 10000 Pa pressure and 293 K temperature. The sonic and supersonic hydrogen and air injections are compared for drag reduction at the same stagnation pressure ratio $PR$ and momentum ratio ($R_{MA}$). The sonic air and hydrogen injection scenarios show similar performance in terms of drag reduction and similar SPM flow features, but hydrogen injection has a mass flow rate 3.76 times lower than air. Supersonic hydrogen injection at $M_j$ 2.94 behaves differently than supersonic air injection and can achieve up to 60 % drag reduction at lower PR and LPM mode with lower mass flow rate. Additionally, air injection achieves a drag reduction of 40 % in SPM mode at higher PR with very high mass flow rate.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, presented at 10th EASN Virtual International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space to the Satisfaction of the European Citizens, Sept. 02-04 2020 and accepted to IOP Conference Series, Materials Science and Engineering
Exploring the diversity of double detonation explosions for type Ia supernovae: Effects of the post-explosion helium shell composition
Creators: name: Magee, M. R.
name: Maguire, K.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Sim, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detonation of a helium shell on top of a carbon-oxygen white dwarf has been argued as a potential explosion mechanism for type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia). The ash produced during helium shell burning can lead to light curves and spectra that are inconsistent with normal SNe~Ia, but may be viable for some objects showing a light curve bump within the days following explosion. We present a series of radiative transfer models designed to mimic predictions from double detonation explosion models. We consider a range of core and shell masses, and systematically explore multiple post-explosion compositions for the helium shell. We find that a variety of luminosities and timescales for early light curve bumps result from those models with shells containing $^{56}$Ni, $^{52}$Fe, or $^{48}$Cr. Comparing our models to SNe~Ia with light curve bumps, we find that these models can reproduce the shapes of almost all of the bumps observed, but only those objects with red colours around maximum light ($B-V \gtrsim 1$) are well matched throughout their evolution. Consistent with previous works, we also show that those models in which the shell does not contain iron-group elements provide good agreement with normal SNe~Ia of different luminosities from shortly after explosion up to maximum light. While our models do not amount to positive evidence in favour of the double detonation scenario, we show that provided the helium shell ash does not contain iron-group elements, it may be viable for a wide range of normal SNe~Ia.
description: 21 pages, 25 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Model light curves available at https://github.com/MarkMageeAstro/TURTLS-Light-curves
title: Military Spending and Economic Growth: The Case of Iran
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Military spending
Economics
Wirtschaft
Sanctions, Iran
VAR model
Economic growth
Impulse Response

description: Over the last decade, the Iranian government budget on military has been higher than the average of the world. The current increasing international sanctions aim to reduce the military capabilities and capacities of the Iranian government. We analyze the response of the Iranian economy to shocks in its military budget from 1959-2007, using Impulse Response Functions (IRF) and Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA). The Granger causality results show that there is unidirectional causality from the military spending growth rate to the economic growth rate. The response of income growth to increasing shocks in the military budget is positive and statistically significant.