Cumbre meridionalis Hayward 1934, stat. rev.
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Cumbre
Cumbre meridionalis

description: Cumbre meridionalis (Hayward, 1934), stat. rev.
(Figs 5–8, 18, 27–32, 46, 50, 55–56, 61)
Poanes meridionalis Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 102, 118, 198, pl. 5, fig. 17 (d); holotype female, 1928, Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina.— Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 218.— Hayward, 1937. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 8: 72.— Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 290.— Hayward, 1950. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 2, p. 71, 76, pl. 17, Figs 21, 22 (female d, v).
Phanes triumviralis Hayward, 1939. An. Soc. cient. arg. 126: 452, fig. 23 (male gen.); holotype male, Puerto Aguirre, Misiones, Argentina; Hayward collection.— Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 311.— Hayward, 1964. Acta zool. Lill. 19: 327. n. syn..
Phanes belli Hayward, 1939. An. Soc. cient. arg. 127: 291, fig. 4 (male gen.); holotype male, XII-1933, Puerto Bemberg, Misiones, Argentina, Hayward leg.; Hayward collection.— Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 311.— Hayward, 1964. Acta zool. Lill. 19: 323. n. syn..
Mnestheus triumviralis; Hayward, 1950. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 2, p. 187, 190, pls 9, fig. 10 (male gen.), 21, fig. 27 (d).
Mnestheus belli; Hayward, 1950. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 2, p. 187, 191, pls 9, fig. 11 (male gen.), 21, fig. 22 (d).
Cumbre triumviralis; Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 170, pl. 65 (male gen.).— Biezanko, 1963. Arq. Ent., sér. A, Pelotas, p. 18.— Biezanko & Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 85.— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 78.— Mielke, 1980. Acta biol. paranaense 8-9: 146.— Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 121; 2, p. 10.— Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 191; 2, p. 17; syn.: triunviralis.— Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group and Sp.-Group Nam. Hesperioidea 8, p. 229; 9, p. 19; syn.: triunviralis.— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 459.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 65, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: triunviralis.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 4, p. 903; syn.: triunviralis.— Núñez B., 2008. Trop. Lep. Res. 18 (2): 80.—Núñez B., 2009. Trop. Lep. Res. 19 (2): 77
Cumbre cumbre [misidentification]; Biezanko & Ruffinelli, 1962. Rev. Fac. Agron., Montevideo, 50: 149.— Biezanko, 1963. Arq. Ent., sér. A, Pelotas, p. 18.— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 458.
Cumbre triunviralis [sic]; Mielke, 1968. Atas Soc. Biol. Rio de Janeiro 12: 77.— Núñez B. et al., 2011. Trop. Lep. Res. 21 (1): 41.
(no genus) triumviralis; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 278.
Cumbre belli; Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-group, Gen.-Group and Sp.-Group Nam. Hesperioidea 8, p. 28; 9, p. 19.
Cumbre sp. Kochalka et al., 1996, in Romero M. Col. Flora Fauna Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Paraguay, p. 179. Cumbre belli belli; Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 458.—Núñez B., 2009. Trop. Lep. Res. 19 (2): 77.
Taxonomic History. Hayward (1934) described Poanes meridionalis Hayward, 1934 based on a female from Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. After that, Hayward (1939a, b) described Phanes triumviralis Hayward, 1939 from Puerto Aguire, Misiones and Phanes belli Hayward, 1939 from Puerto Bemberg (currently Puerto Liberdad), Misiones, both descriptions based on males and the latter with a broken distal portion of the valva. Hayward (1950) placed all these taxa in Mnestheus Godman, 1901, illustrating the adults. Evans (1955) transferred these taxa in Cumbre, synonymizing Poanes meridionalis with Cumbre cumbre and described Cumbre belli eberti from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (for this taxon see discussion below). The remaining authors listed the species with geographic data, while Mielke (2004, 2005) included it in catalogues.
Diagnosis. Cumbre meridionalis stat. rev., is easily distinguished from Cumbre haywardi sp. nov. by the hindwing postdiscal spots (ventral surface) which are not fused with the submarginal patch and, from Cumbre lamasi sp. nov. by the non-overlapping discal hyaline spots on the forewing. As previously mentioned, Cumbre meridionalis stat. rev., cannot be differentiated from C. cumbre by the color or spot wing patterns. Nevertheless, these species are easily separated by their geographical distribution and by the morphology of the male and female genitalia. Thus, C. meridionalis stat. rev., has the following distinctive morphological characters: nudum with 12 segments in both sexes; forewing length in males 13.2–16mm (n=20) and in females 12,5–15,5mm (n=20) (Figs 5–8); male “V”-shaped brand inclined at the origin of CuA2 having a smooth internal margin, inferior projection smaller than superior, and the basal portion half the length of the inferior projection (Fig. 18); male genitalia with the tegumen dorsally quadrate, with a wide anterior median concavity and two lateral disto-dorsal pronounced projections (Fig. 27); well-developed semi-circular fenestra, wider than long (Fig. 27); uncus distally truncated not exceeding the length of the gnathos (Fig. 27–29); gnathos tubular, twice as wide as in C. cumbre, bifid, and distally convergent, with a central membranous area (in lateral view) (Fig. 29); sacculus short, semi-circular and with smooth margins (Fig. 30); costa reduced, but wider than in C. cumbre (Fig. 30); harpe reduced, without disto-dorsal spine (Fig. 30); ampulla developed, indistinct of harpe (Fig. 30); aedeagus slightly more right turned than in C. cumbre, with a thin distal end, and a broad dorsal opening (Fig. 32); opening of the ejaculatory bulb wide (Fig. 32); female genitalia with the lamella postvaginalis broad, however narrower than in C. cumbre, with the disto-median portion disjunct and the ostium bursae rectangular-shaped (Fig. 50).
Distribution and Phenology (Fig. 61). This species is restricted to the Paraná and Uruguay river basins from Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay (Alto Paraná), Argentina (Misiones) and Uruguay (Montevideo) (Fig. 61), in deciduous forest reaching 1000m. Based on collection data, this species has been registered during all months, suggesting several continuous generations throughout the year.
Etymology. The name meridionalis is a reference to the southern distribution of the species; triumviralis to the presence of three subapical hyaline spots on forewing and belli in honor of Ernest Layton Bell, a hesperid taxonomist.
Discussion. This species has the largest synonymic list of the genus. Hayward (1934) described it based on a female from Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. After that, Evans (1955) concluded that it was a synonym of C. cumbre. The possible reasons that led Evans to this conclusion must have been the similarity in the color and wing spots between C. meridionalis and C. cumbre, together with the record of C. cumbre from Argentina made by Hayward (1939a, 1950). Furthermore, the fact that the type of C. meridionalis is a female could have influenced Evans’s interpretation, since female genitalia were not used during that time.
Subsequently, Hayward described Phanes triumviralis (Hayward 1939a) and Phanes belli (Hayward 1939b), both based on males from Misiones, the latter species having the distal portion of the valva broken (Hayward 1939b). After examining the holotype genitalia and illustrations of these species, it is concluded that P. belli is a synonym of P. triumviralis (n. syn). Furthermore, since the females of P. triumviralis or of its synonym (P. b e l l i) were never mentioned, in spite of the abundant material from Misiones and adjacent areas which Hayward had access to (type region for innumerous species described by him), led us to hypothesize that Poanes meridionalis could be the unknown female of P. triumviralis, and was not a synonym of C. cumbre.
In order to clarify this hypothesis, legs were detached from males and females to extract the ‘DNA Barcode’ in order to confirm their sexual pairing. As a result, the males and females for C. cumbre and C. triumviralis could be correctly associated. With these results, the females of C. triumviralis were analyzed and, it was concluded that they represent C. meridionalis. Thus, it is confirmed that C. meridionalis is a valid species (stat. rev.), distinct from C. cumbre and whose males were subsequently described as C. triumviralis and C. belli, and these names are here recognized as their new synonyms (n. syn).
Evans (1955) failed when he identified Phanes belli. Cumbre belli (sensu Evans 1955) is a new species belonging to a new genus, which is yet to be described. Consequently, C. belli eberti also belongs to this new genus which is being revised (Dolibaina et al., in prep).
Examined material. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Carmo do Rio Claro, 810 m, 20.II.1959, Mielke leg. 1 ♂ (OM 2.777). São Paulo: Araras, 700 m, 30.V.1975, C. Callaghan leg. 1 ♂ (MGCL); Socorro, 750 m, 7.XI.1965, Ebert leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 15.330). Paraná: Campo Mourão (Parque Estadual do Lago Azul), 500–600 m, 9–11.X.2010, Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro & Maia leg. 4 ♂ (DZUP 23.367, DZUP 23.397, DZUP 23.407, DZUP 23.337) 3 ♀ (DZUP 23.357, DZUP 23.377, DZUP 23.297); Cândido de Abreu, 525 m, 10.XII.1994, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 ♂ (OM 40.739); Cianorte, 500 m, 9.XII.1975, Moure, Mielke & Wedderhoff leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 17.009) 1 ♀ (DZUP 8.652), 11.XII.1975, Moure, Mielke & Wedderhoff leg. 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.064); Foz do Iguaçu, 250 m, 10.XII.1966, DZUP leg. 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.035), 17.II.1969, Moure & Mielke leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 1.127) 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.047), 6.IX.1985, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 4 ♂ (DZUP 16.973, DZUP 16.975, DZUP 16.978, DZUP 16.970) 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.066), (Parque Nacional do Iguaçu), 20–26.VIII.2000, Mielke leg. 2 ♂ (OM 51.259, OM 51.252) 2 ♀ (OM 51.322, OM 51.272); Jussara (Horto CMNP), 390 m, 16.XI.1975, Mielke & Rosado leg. 2 ♂ (DZUP 17.049, DZUP 17.039) 1 ♀ (BC-DZUP 16.987); Londrina, 540 m, 10.X.1982, Mielke leg. 5 ♂ (DZUP 17.044, DZUP 17.011, DZUP 17.023, DZUP 17.008, DZUP 17.014) 2 ♀ (DZUP 17.013, DZUP 10.322), 30.IX.1983, Mielke leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 16.979) 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.017), 10.IX.1985, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 13 ♂ (DZUP 3.915, DZUP 16.981, DZUP 16.965, DZUP 16.986, DZUP 16.992, DZUP 17.007, DZUP 17.004, DZUP 17.016, DZUP 17.005, DZUP 16.943, DZUP 17.022, DZUP 17.028, DZUP 16.945) 9 ♀ (DZUP 17.040, DZUP 17.041, DZUP 17.034, DZUP 17.051, DZUP 17.048, DZUP 17.038, DZUP 17.030, DZUP 17.025, DZUP 17.054), (Fazenda Santa Helena), 490–650 m, 7.XII.1975, Moure, Mielke & Wedderhoff leg. 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.060); Maringá, 550 m, 28.I.1978, Becker leg. 2 ♂ (DZUP 16.993, DZUP 17.018); Manoel Ribas (rio Ivaí), 450–600 m, 12.X.2010, Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro & Maia leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 23.317); Mauá da Serra, 1080 m, 5.I.1985, Mielke leg. 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.024); Roncador (15 Km SW), 550–600 m, 11.X.2010, Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro & Maia leg. 1 ♀ (DZUP 23.347), (Unidade de Conservação São Domingos), 700 m, 11.X.2010, Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro & Maia leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 23.327) 2 ♀ (DZUP 23.307, DZUP 23.387); Terra Boa (CMNP), 650 m, 10.XII.1975, Moure, Mielke & Wedderhoff leg. 2 ♂ (DZUP 16.982, DZUP 16.974) 3 ♀ (DZUP 17.037, DZUP 17.053, DZUP 17.056); Ventania (12,5 Km N), 750 m, 22–23.I.2006, O.-C. Mielke leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 17.046) 2 ♀ (DZUP 15.360, BC-DZUP 16.059), 29–30.I.2006, Mielke leg. 3 ♂ (DZUP 17.050, DZUP 17.019, DZUP 8.645) 1 ♀ (DZUP 16.898), (8 Km N), 950 m, 08.IX.2007, O.-C. Mielke leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 17.006) 2 ♀ (DZUP 17.003, BC-DZUP 16.080). Santa Catarina: Seara (Nova Teutônia), 350–700 m, XII.1960, Plaumann leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 16.995), II.1969, Plaumann leg. 3 ♂ (DZUP 16.991, DZUP 17.010, DZUP 17.001), III.1971, Plaumann leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 16.977) 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.002), 1.II.1972, Plaumann leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 16.988), II.1973, Plaumann leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 16.994), VI.1973, Plaumann leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 16.990). Rio Grande do Sul: Candelaria, 160 m, 11.II.1976, Mielke & Buzzi leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 1.473); Catuípe, 330 m, 18.XI.2008, Santos leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 21.115); Derrubadas (ex Tenente Portela) (Parque Florestal Estadual do Turvo), 400 m, 10.XI.1985, Mielke, Araújo & Casagrande leg. 8 ♂ (DZUP 16.971, DZUP 16.946, DZUP 16.941, DZUP 16.985, DZUP 16.996, DZUP 16.989, DZUP 16.997, DZUP 17.012) 9 ♀ (DZUP 17.063, DZUP 17.045, DZUP 17.033, DZUP 17.027, DZUP 17.031, DZUP 17.029, DZUP 17.065, DZUP 17.059, DZUP 17.058), (Rio Uruguai), 27.II.1995, Moser leg. 1 ♀; Guaraní, 75 m, 8.I.1954, Biezanko leg. 2 ♂ (DZUP 1.130, DZUP 10.380) 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.043); Ivoti, 200 m, 30.I.1994, Moser leg. 1 ♂ (MO), 19.IV.1994, Moser leg. 1 ♂ (MO), 17.VII.1994, Moser leg. 1 ♂ (MO), 2.XII.1994, Moser leg. 1 ♀ (MO), 24.XII.1994, Moser leg. 1 ♀ (MO), 28.XII.1994, Moser leg. 1 ♂ (MO); Pelotas, 10 m, 7.II.1961, Biezanko leg. 1 ♂ (USNM), 19.IV.1961, Biezanko leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 16.998) 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.042), 29.IV.1961, Biezanko leg. 1 ♂ (AMNH), 13.V.1961, Biezanko leg. 2 ♂ (DZUP 1.128, DZUP 1.129), 2.VI.1961, Biezanko leg. 1 ♂ (AMNH), 2.VI.1963, Biezanko leg. 1 ♂ (USNM), 1.V.1964, Biezanko leg. 1 ♂ (OM 6.991), 15.IV.1967, V. Becker leg. 1 ♂ (MGCL); Porto Mauá, 140–270 m, 5.VII.2008, Thiele leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 21.122), 13.IX.2008, Thiele leg. 1 ♀ (DZUP 20.940), 12.X.2008, Thiele leg. 2 ♂ (DZUP 20.919, DZUP 20.912), 18.I.2009, Thiele leg. 3 ♂ (DZUP 20.947, DZUP 20.933, DZUP 20.905), 22.II.2009, Thiele leg. 1 ♀ (DZUP 20.926). PARAGUAI: Alto Paraná: Itaquyry, 400 m, 15–20.I.1980, O.-C. Mielke & Miers leg. 3 ♂ (DZUP 17.015, DZUP 16.980, DZUP 16.969) 6 ♀ (DZUP 17.021, DZUP 17.020, DZUP 16.999, DZUP 17.000, DZUP 17.055, DZUP 17.052);. ARGENTINA: Misiones: Almirante Brown (Gal. Belgrano—Reserva Yacutinga), 250 m, 13.III.2003, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 ♂ (DZUP 16.972), 02–05.III.2007, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 2 ♂ (DZUP 16.976, BC-DZUP 15.598); Aristóbulo del Valle (Salto Encantado), 450 m, 4.I.2001, Klimartis leg. 1 ♀ (DZUP 10.134); Campo Grande, 445 m, no date, no collector 1 ♀ (DZUP 17.026); Puerto Iguazú, 150 m, 20.XII.1922, no collector, 1 ♂ (AMNH), 23.XII.1931, no collector, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (AMNH), 30.I–13.III.1945, Hayward, Willink & Golbach leg. 2 ♀ (DZUP 17.036, DZUP 17.032), (Parque Provincial Uruguai), 250–500 m, 19.XI.1986, Genise leg. 1 ♀ (OM 40.464).
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2014, Taxonomic revision of Cumbre Evans, 1955 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini), with the description of two new species, pp. 47-66 in Zootaxa 3841 (1) on pages 55-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/286773