cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chondriovelum Hayward and Thorpe 1988
Creators: name: Taylor, Paul D.
name: Martha, Silviu O.
name: Gordon, Dennis P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Onychocellidae
Chondriovelum

description: Genus Chondriovelum Hayward and Thorpe, 1988
(Figure 5)
 Type species
 Labioporella adeliense Livingstone, 1928, by original designation. Recent, Antarctic coastal waters (see Hayward 1995).
 Diagnosis
Colony encrusting or developing erect, bifoliate branches. Autozooids rounded hexagonal; zooidal boundaries raised with a medial groove. Cryptocyst extensive, granular. Gymnocyst lacking. Opesia terminal, occupying about one-third of frontal surface; semielliptical, wider than long, proximal edge convex, distal edge almost straight, lacking opesiular indentations or lateral constrictions (Figure 5 (a)). Ovicells unknown. Avicularia vicarious, asymmetrical (Figure 5 (b)), the same size as an autozooid; granular surface perforated by several small openings, usually a proximal median irregular opening (?opesia) followed by a pair of slit-like openings and a small distal opening; condyles lacking; rostrum acutely triangular, floor pustulose.
 Remarks
 Hayward and Thorpe (1988) compared Chondriovelum with Smittipora (see below), noting that their new genus had a more extensive cryptocyst and a long, curved distal groove in the avicularium to accommodate the rachis of the mandible. Apart from the type species, two other species have been assigned to Chondriovelum: Smittipora angustiloba Moyano, 1974, from the Magellanic region of Chile; and Chondriovelum fossilis Gordon and Taylor, 1999, a fossil from the Paleocene Red Bluff Tuff of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. The opesia is proportionally larger in C. angustiloba than it is in C. adeliense and there are two rather than four openings in the cryptocyst of the avicularium. The Paleocene species C. fossilis also has two openings in the cryptocyst, the distal one large and identifiable as the opesia. Unlike the two Recent species, colonies of C. fossilis are erect with cylindrical branches (‘vincularian’).
 Gontar (2012, p. 207) claimed that Chondriovelum adeliense has an aragonite skeleton rather than the calcite skeleton that is usual for onychocellids and also for Antarctic bryozoans in general. However, analysis of a specimen from the NHMUK collections failed to find any aragonite and revealed a calcite skeleton instead (Taylor et al. 2009).
 Range
Paleocene to Recent.
description: Published as part of Taylor, Paul D., Martha, Silviu O. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Synopsis of ' onychocellid' cheilostome bryozoan genera, pp. 1657-1721 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (25 - 26) on pages 1670-1671, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1481235, http://zenodo.org/record/4747141
Data-based Receding Horizon Control of Linear Network Systems
Creators: name: Allibhoy, Ahmed
name: Cortés, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a distributed data-based predictive control scheme to stabilize a network system described by linear dynamics. Agents cooperate to predict the future system evolution without knowledge of the dynamics, relying instead on learning a data-based representation from a single sample trajectory. We employ this representation to reformulate the finite-horizon Linear Quadratic Regulator problem as a network optimization with separable objective functions and locally expressible constraints. We show that the controller resulting from approximately solving this problem using a distributed optimization algorithm in a receding horizon manner is stabilizing. We validate our results through numerical simulations.
An Interview with Avinash Dixit
Creators: name: Oswald, Andrew J.
name: Oswald, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: In this interview, which was recorded in 2007 to celebrate the receipt of an honorary doctorate from Warwick University, Avinash Dixit of Princeton University discusses why he is an economist and how he approaches economic research. He argues, among other things, for doing what you enjoy rather than what you feel you ought to do.
Additional file 2 of The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and preterm delivery: a prospective study with a multivariable analysis
Creators: name: Martinez-Perez, Oscar
name: Rodriguez, Pilar Prats
name: Hernandez, Marta Muner
name: Pardilla, Maria Begoña Encinas
name: Perez, Noelia Perez
name: Hernandez, Maria Rosa Vila
name: Yarza, Ana Villalba
name: Velasco, Olga Nieto
name: Fernandez, Pablo Guillermo Del Barrio
name: Acebal, Laura Forcen
name: Lago, Carmen Maria Orizales
name: Varea, Alicia Martinez
name: Abellana, Begoña Muñoz
name: Arana, Maria Suarez
name: Ricoy, Laura Fuentes
name: Diago, Clara Martinez
name: Freire, Maria Jesus Janeiro
name: Alvarez-Mallo, Macarena Alférez
name: Pedraz, Cristina Casanova
name: Onofre Alomar Mateu
name: Heredia, Cristina Lesmes
name: De Alva, Juan Carlos Wizner
name: Vega, Rut Bernardo
name: Badia, Montserrat Macia
name: Colomo, Cristina Alvarez
name: Muñoz, Antonio Sanchez
name: Alicart, Laia Pratcorona
name: Saiz, Ruben Alonso
name: Rodriguez, Monica Lopez
name: Lopez, Maria Del Carmen Barbancho
name: Casbas, Marta Ruth Meca
name: Ruiz, Oscar Vaquerizo
name: Antolin, Eva Moran
name: Valera, Maria Jose Nuñez
name: Camino Fernandez Fernandez
name: Navarra, Albert Tubau
name: Garcia, Alejandra Maria Cano
name: Luque, Carmen Baena
name: Perez, Susana Soldevilla
name: Abasolo, Irene Gastaca
name: Garcia, Jose Adanez
name: Gonzalez, Maria Teulon
name: Prieto, Alberto Puertas
name: Serna, Rosa Ostos
name: Martin, Maria Del Pilar Guadix
name: Coello, Monica Catalina
name: Perez, Elena Ferriols
name: Africa Caño Aguilar
name: De La Cruz Conty, Maria Luisa
name: Bueno, Jose Antonio Sainz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. List of hospitals included in the study (n = 45); and Table S2. STROBE Statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies.
What People Think: Advances in Public Opinion Measurement Using Ordinal Variables
Creators: name: Heuberger, Simon
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Surveys are a central part of political science. Without surveys, we would not know what people think about political issues. Survey experiments also enable us to test how people react to given treatments. Surveys and survey experiments are only as good as the analytical techniques we as researchers use, though. This applies particularly to how we use and measure variables. For ordinal variables, some of our current measurements and techniques are insucient. Ordinal variables consist of ordered categories where the spacing between each category is uneven and not known. One example is education, one of the most important predictors of political behavior. The distances between education categories such as “Elementary School”, “Some High School”, and “High School Graduate” are not evenly spread. Current practice nonetheless often does not take this information into account. This could misrepresent the data and potentially distort results. My dissertation develops two methods to address this and applies them in original survey research. Chapter 2 develops a new method to improve the use of ordinal variables in blocking in survey experiments. Preliminary evidence suggests that the re-estimation of ordinal variable categories with an ordered probit approach might matter. Chapter 3 develops a new method to treat missing survey data with ordinal variables. The results show that the method performs worse than existing software, with exceptions in specific cases. Chapter 4 applies both methods in an online survey experiment that tests morality and self-interest in political framing. The results confirm the findings from the previous chapters and show tentative evidence for the importance of morality in issue-opposing frames.
What People Think: Advances in Public Opinion Measurement Using Ordinal Variables
Creators: name: Heuberger, Simon
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Surveys are a central part of political science. Without surveys, we would not know what people think about political issues. Survey experiments also enable us to test how people react to given treatments. Surveys and survey experiments are only as good as the analytical techniques we as researchers use, though. This applies particularly to how we use and measure variables. For ordinal variables, some of our current measurements and techniques are insucient. Ordinal variables consist of ordered categories where the spacing between each category is uneven and not known. One example is education, one of the most important predictors of political behavior. The distances between education categories such as “Elementary School”, “Some High School”, and “High School Graduate” are not evenly spread. Current practice nonetheless often does not take this information into account. This could misrepresent the data and potentially distort results. My dissertation develops two methods to address this and applies them in original survey research. Chapter 2 develops a new method to improve the use of ordinal variables in blocking in survey experiments. Preliminary evidence suggests that the re-estimation of ordinal variable categories with an ordered probit approach might matter. Chapter 3 develops a new method to treat missing survey data with ordinal variables. The results show that the method performs worse than existing software, with exceptions in specific cases. Chapter 4 applies both methods in an online survey experiment that tests morality and self-interest in political framing. The results confirm the findings from the previous chapters and show tentative evidence for the importance of morality in issue-opposing frames.
Protecting Spin Coherence in a Tunable Heisenberg Model
Creators: name: Davis, Emily J.
name: Periwal, Avikar
name: Cooper, Eric S.
name: Bentsen, Gregory
name: Evered, Simon J.
name: Van Kirk, Katherine
name: Schleier-Smith, Monika H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity, we engineer a family of nonlocal Heisenberg Hamiltonians with continuously tunable anisotropy of the spin-spin couplings. We thus gain access to a rich phase diagram, including a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic Ising phase transition that manifests as a diverging magnetic susceptibility at the critical point. The susceptibility displays a symmetry between Ising interactions and XY (spin-exchange) interactions of the opposite sign, which is indicative of the spatially extended atomic system behaving as a single collective spin. Images of the magnetization dynamics show that spin-exchange interactions protect the coherence of the collective spin, even against inhomogeneous fields that completely dephase the non-interacting and Ising systems. Our results underscore prospects for harnessing spin-exchange interactions to enhance the robustness of spin squeezing protocols.
Legendre structure of the thermostatistics theory based on the Sharma-Taneja-Mittal entropy
Creators: name: Scarfone, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical proprieties of complex systems can differ deeply for those of classical systems governed by Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. In particular, the probability distribution function observed in several complex systems shows a power law behavior in the tail which disagrees with the standard exponential behavior showed by Gibbs distribution. Recently, a two-parameter deformed family of entropies, previously introduced by Sharma, Taneja and Mittal (STM), has been reconsidered in the statistical mechanics framework. Any entropy belonging to this family admits a probability distribution function with an asymptotic power law behavior. In the present work we investigate the Legendre structure of the thermostatistics theory based on this family of entropies. We introduce some generalized thermodynamical potentials, study their relationships with the entropy and discuss their main proprieties. Specialization of the results to some one-parameter entropies belonging to the STM family are presented.
description: 11 pages, RevTex4; contribution to the international conference "Next Sigma Phi" on News, EXpectations, and Trends in statistical physics, Crete 2005
Heavily Hydride-ion-doped 1111-type Iron-based Superconductors: Synthesis, Physical Properties and Electronic Structure
Creators: name: Iimura, Soshi
name: Hosono, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Iron-based superconductors have grown to be a new continent of high Tc superconductors comparable to cuprates. The optimal critical temperature (Tc) of 56 K in electron-doped 1111-type iron oxypnictides attracts considerable attention of physicists and chemists. Carrier doping is not only essential to induce superconductivity but also is a critical parameter that governs the electronic, magnetic, and crystallographic properties of ground states in high-Tc superconductors. Hydride ion (H-) which is an anionic state of hydrogen acts as an efficient electron donor in the 1111-type, leading to several important discoveries such as two-dome structure of superconducting phase and bipartite parent phase. This article summarizes the synthesis, physical properties, and electronic structure of the H- bearing 1111-type iron-based superconductors along with the relevant phenomena of other superconductors. We show several common characteristics of iron-based superconductors with high-Tc over 50 K and suggest a way to achieve higher Tc.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures
FAIRNESS, PERFORMANCE AND THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE ROLE OF FAIRNESS IN ANTI-PUBLIC SECTOR BIAS
Creators: name: Davis, Jourdan A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Despite evidence that government performs well in several domains, a narrative in western countries of its poor performance remains. Scholars sometimes refer to these persistent negative perceptions in the presence of countervailing evidence or without supporting evidence as anti-public sector bias. However, not all studies find evidence of this bias, indicating a factor is moderating the effect. To show that context matters, I explore a different type of context, perception of fairness of the organization’s actions or decisions. I test in three studies whether an organization’s actions or decisions being perceived as unfair causes citizens to be more likely to exhibit anti-public sector bias. Combining two policy theories, interest group theory and social construction framework, with a theory of justice rules and overall fairness, this dissertation develops a framework and tests several resulting propositions. This dissertation tests these propositions using three online survey experiments that manipulate the sector along with justice rules, distribution of benefits, distribution of burdens, and social construction. The first experiment tests this relationship by manipulating distribution of benefits and distribution of burdens. The second experiment further tests this relationship between fairness and anti-public sector bias by manipulating the social constructions/perceived deservingness of the target population. The third experiment manipulates the violation of a distributive justice rule, need. I ask each experiment respondent to evaluate the performance of the fictional organization. Then I test if the effect of sector on perceived performance (anti-public sector bias) differs between fair and unfair organizations.
Overlapping Schwarz Decomposition for Constrained Quadratic Programs
Creators: name: Shin, Sungho
name: Anitescu, Mihai
name: Zavala, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an overlapping Schwarz decomposition algorithm for constrained quadratic programs (QPs). Schwarz algorithms have been traditionally used to solve linear algebra systems arising from partial differential equations, but we have recently shown that they are also effective at solving structured optimization problems. In the proposed scheme, we consider QPs whose algebraic structure can be represented by graphs. The graph domain is partitioned into overlapping subdomains (yielding a set of coupled subproblems), solutions for the subproblems are computed in parallel, and convergence is enforced by updating primal-dual information in the overlapping regions. We show that convergence is guaranteed if the overlap is sufficiently large and that the convergence rate improves exponentially with the size of the overlap. Convergence results rely on a key property of graph-structured problems that is known as exponential decay of sensitivity. Here, we establish conditions under which this property holds for constrained QPs (as those found in network optimization and optimal control), thus extending existing work that addresses unconstrained QPs. The numerical behavior of the Schwarz scheme is demonstrated by using a DC optimal power flow problem defined over a network with 9,241 nodes.
A behavioral power index
Creators: name: Kaniovski, Serguei
name: Leech, Dennia
name: Kaniovski, Serguei
name: Leech, Dennia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: behavioral voting power
subject: constitutional voting power
subject: U.S. Supreme Court

description: We propose an empirically informed measure of the voting power that relaxes the assumptions of equally probable and independent votes. The behavioral power index measures the voter’s ability to swing a decision based on the probability distributions of the others’ behavior. We apply it to the Supreme Court of the United States using roll-call data to estimate voting probability distributions, which lead us to refute the assumption of equally probable and independent votes, and estimate the equivalent number of independent Justices for the Warren, Burger and Rehnquist benches, which turns out to be very low.
The Interstellar Rubidium Isotope Ratio toward Rho Ophiuchi A
Creators: name: Federman, S. R.
name: Knauth, David C.
name: Lambert, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isotope ratio, 85Rb/87Rb, places constraints on models of the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, but there is no precise determination of the ratio for material beyond the Solar System. We report the first measurement of the interstellar Rb isotope ratio. Our measurement of the Rb I line at 7800 A for the diffuse gas toward rho Oph A yields a value of 1.21 +/- 0.30 (1-sigma) that differs significantly from the meteoritic value of 2.59. The Rb/K elemental abundance ratio for the cloud also is lower than that seen in meteorites. Comparison of the 85Rb/K and 87Rb/K ratios with meteoritic values indicates that the interstellar 85Rb abundance in this direction is lower than the Solar System abundance. We attribute the lower abundance to a reduced contribution from the r-process. Interstellar abundances for Kr, Cd, and Sn are consistent with much less r-process synthesis for the solar neighborhood compared to the amount inferred for the Solar System.
description: 12 pages with 2 figures and 1 table; will appear in ApJ Letters
FAIRNESS, PERFORMANCE AND THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE ROLE OF FAIRNESS IN ANTI-PUBLIC SECTOR BIAS
Creators: name: Davis, Jourdan A.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: Despite evidence that government performs well in several domains, a narrative in western countries of its poor performance remains. Scholars sometimes refer to these persistent negative perceptions in the presence of countervailing evidence or without supporting evidence as anti-public sector bias. However, not all studies find evidence of this bias, indicating a factor is moderating the effect. To show that context matters, I explore a different type of context, perception of fairness of the organization’s actions or decisions. I test in three studies whether an organization’s actions or decisions being perceived as unfair causes citizens to be more likely to exhibit anti-public sector bias. Combining two policy theories, interest group theory and social construction framework, with a theory of justice rules and overall fairness, this dissertation develops a framework and tests several resulting propositions. This dissertation tests these propositions using three online survey experiments that manipulate the sector along with justice rules, distribution of benefits, distribution of burdens, and social construction. The first experiment tests this relationship by manipulating distribution of benefits and distribution of burdens. The second experiment further tests this relationship between fairness and anti-public sector bias by manipulating the social constructions/perceived deservingness of the target population. The third experiment manipulates the violation of a distributive justice rule, need. I ask each experiment respondent to evaluate the performance of the fictional organization. Then I test if the effect of sector on perceived performance (anti-public sector bias) differs between fair and unfair organizations.
Additional file 3 of The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and preterm delivery: a prospective study with a multivariable analysis
Creators: name: Martinez-Perez, Oscar
name: Rodriguez, Pilar Prats
name: Hernandez, Marta Muner
name: Pardilla, Maria Begoña Encinas
name: Perez, Noelia Perez
name: Hernandez, Maria Rosa Vila
name: Yarza, Ana Villalba
name: Velasco, Olga Nieto
name: Fernandez, Pablo Guillermo Del Barrio
name: Acebal, Laura Forcen
name: Lago, Carmen Maria Orizales
name: Varea, Alicia Martinez
name: Abellana, Begoña Muñoz
name: Arana, Maria Suarez
name: Ricoy, Laura Fuentes
name: Diago, Clara Martinez
name: Freire, Maria Jesus Janeiro
name: Alvarez-Mallo, Macarena Alférez
name: Pedraz, Cristina Casanova
name: Onofre Alomar Mateu
name: Heredia, Cristina Lesmes
name: De Alva, Juan Carlos Wizner
name: Vega, Rut Bernardo
name: Badia, Montserrat Macia
name: Colomo, Cristina Alvarez
name: Muñoz, Antonio Sanchez
name: Alicart, Laia Pratcorona
name: Saiz, Ruben Alonso
name: Rodriguez, Monica Lopez
name: Lopez, Maria Del Carmen Barbancho
name: Casbas, Marta Ruth Meca
name: Ruiz, Oscar Vaquerizo
name: Antolin, Eva Moran
name: Valera, Maria Jose Nuñez
name: Camino Fernandez Fernandez
name: Navarra, Albert Tubau
name: Garcia, Alejandra Maria Cano
name: Luque, Carmen Baena
name: Perez, Susana Soldevilla
name: Abasolo, Irene Gastaca
name: Garcia, Jose Adanez
name: Gonzalez, Maria Teulon
name: Prieto, Alberto Puertas
name: Serna, Rosa Ostos
name: Martin, Maria Del Pilar Guadix
name: Coello, Monica Catalina
name: Perez, Elena Ferriols
name: Africa Caño Aguilar
name: De La Cruz Conty, Maria Luisa
name: Bueno, Jose Antonio Sainz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 3. Patient Consent Form.
Essays on the public sector labor supply
Creators: name: Jacinto, Alberto
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Attracting and retaining a diverse and highly qualified workforce has been a long sought goal of the U. S. public sector. This is particularly important for street-level bureaucrats, whose daily interactions with the public shape citizens’ receipt of public goods and experience with government. This dissertation contains three distinct, but related, chapters that study the determinants of public sector labor supply—with an emphasis on public school teachers. The first chapter of my dissertation uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 1979 and its intergenerational component, the NLSY Child and Young Adult (CYA) supplement, to test the intergenerational transmission of teaching. The main findings suggest that teaching is in fact passed down within families: Children of teachers are seven percentage points more likely to become teachers compared to the children of non-teachers. However, the transmission of teaching is not uniform. The effect of mother’s teaching status on child’s teaching status is zero for Black sons. These findings suggest that the intergenerational transmission of teaching is one reason that the teaching profession remains disproportionately White and female. The finding that teaching is transmitted across generations motivates the second chapter of my dissertation, which investigates more generally whether public sector employment is transmitted across generations. Using data from the NLSY and CYA, I test the intergenerational correlation coefficient for public sector work. Primary findings indicate that children of public sector mothers are five percentage points more likely to work in the public sector compared to children of non-public sector mothers, with no variation in terms of race or gender. These findings have implications for hiring and promotion practices within the ranks of the public sector. Finally, the third chapter of my dissertation returns to teachers and the lack of racial diversity in the teaching workforce. I use data from the 1999 School and Staffing Survey (SASS) and its longitudinal component, the 2000 Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS) to test whether school conditions differentially impact teacher turnover by teacher race/ethnicity. Primary findings indicate that teacher autonomy and leadership support were associated with greater teacher retention. Further, fixed effects results indicate that teachers of color were more likely to remain in teaching conditional upon these school conditions. Implications from these findings suggest that expanding teacher policy and creating more supportive environments for teachers may curb turnover among teachers of color.
Dictuonia Jullien 1882
Creators: name: Taylor, Paul D.
name: Martha, Silviu O.
name: Gordon, Dennis P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Onychocellidae
Dictuonia

description: Genus Dictuonia Jullien, 1882
(Figure 7)
 Type species
 Eschara aceste d’ Orbigny, 1851, by subsequent designation. Late Cretaceous, France. Jullien (1882) listed nine Cretaceous species, all named by d’ Orbigny, in his new genus Dictuonia but did not chose a type species. This appears to have been left to Bassler (1935, p. 93). Unfortunately, d’ Orbigny’ s type material of Dictuonia aceste is missing (Gordon and Taylor 2005, table 2). According to Prud’ Homme (1968, p. 216), D. aceste is synonymous with Eschara danae d’ Orbigny, 1851, the type material of which is in existence and which is one of the nine species listed by Jullien (1882) in Dictuonia. Therefore, the diagnosis of Dictuonia given below is based on the type material of Dictuonia danae (d’ Orbigny, 1851) from the ‘Senonian’ of Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France.
 Diagnosis
Colony erect, bifoliate, branches palmate (‘adeoniform’) (Figure 7 (a,e)). Autozooids hexagonal or diamond shaped; zooidal boundaries raised (Figure 7 (b)). Cryptocyst extensive, depressed. Gymnocyst lacking. Opesia subterminal, occupying about half of the frontal surface; subcircular or longitudinally elliptical, lacking opesiular indentations and lateral constrictions. Ovicells unknown. Avicularia vicarious, asymmetrical (Figure 7 (c)), about half the width of an autozooid; opesia longitudinally elliptical; rostrum acutely triangular, floor smooth, deep.
 Remarks
 Like Collura, the genus Dictuonia has been neglected. Notwithstanding the loss of d’ Orbigny’ s type material of the type species, based on the characters of the putative synonym D. danae there is utility in resurrecting the genus for onychocellids with rounded autozooidal opesiae that contrast with those of other onychocellids – such as Onychocella, Aechmella and Smittipora – in which the opesiae have a distinct proximal edge that is straight or gently curved.
 Range
Late Cretaceous.
description: Published as part of Taylor, Paul D., Martha, Silviu O. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Synopsis of ' onychocellid' cheilostome bryozoan genera, pp. 1657-1721 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (25 - 26) on pages 1672-1673, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1481235, http://zenodo.org/record/4747141
On the Lowest-Winning-Bid and the Highest-Losing-Bid Auctions
Creators: name: Mezzetti, Claudio
name: Tsetlin, Ilia
name: Mezzetti, Claudio
name: Tsetlin, Ilia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Auctions
subject: Lowest-Winning Bid
subject: Highest-Losing Bid
subject: k-th Price Auction
subject: (k+1)-st Price Auction

description: Theoretical models of multi-unit, uniform-price auctions assume that the price is given by the highest losing bid. In practice, however, the price is usually given by the lowest winning bid. We derive the equilibrium bidding function of the lowest-winning-bid auction when there are k objects for sale and n bidders with unit demand, and prove that it converges to the bidding function of the highest-losing-bid auction if and only if the number of losers n k gets large. When the number of losers grows large, the bidding functions converge at a linear rate and the prices in the two auctions converge in probability to the expected value of an object to the marginal winner.
High Frequency EPR Spectroscopy of Germanium Cuprate. I. The Case of Doping with Cobalt
Creators: name: Demishev, S. V.
name: Semeno, A. V.
name: Sluchanko, N. E.
name: Samarin, N. A.
name: Pronin, A. A.
name: Inagaki, Y.
name: Okubo, S.
name: Ohta, H.
name: Oshima, Y.
name: Leonyuk, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant magnetoabsorption spectra for CuGeO3 single crystals containing 2% of Co impurity are studied in the frequency range 60-360 GHz in magnetic field up to 16 T at temperatures 2-60 K. It is found that together with the resonance on Cu2+ chains a new absorption line related with Co2+ ions appears in EPR spectrum. The full set of spectroscopic data (g-factors, linewidths, integrated intensities) have been determined for both resonances. The obtained results exhibit considerable deviations from the universal scenario of doping for CuGeO3 and discussed in the frames of the models of the quantum critical behavior and the three-dimensional antiferromagnet with the reduced by disorder Neel temperature. The Oshikawa and Affleck theory for EPR in 1D S=1/2 AF spin chain is compared with experiment.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Transverse single-spin asymmetries in gauge boson production
Creators: name: Schmidt, Ivan
name: Soffer, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse single-spin asymmetries (SSA) in inclusive reactions are now considered to be directly related to the transverse momentum $k_{T}$ of the fundamental partons involved in the process. Several possible leading-twist QCD mechanisms have been proposed to explain the available data, in particular the Sivers effect which was resurrected recently. We show that from the measurement of transverse SSA in inclusive production of gauge bosons, one can learn more about the Sivers functions and possibly to achieve a reliable flavor separation.
description: 7 pages, latex, no figures, to be published in Phys.Lett.B
On Invarinat Theory of $θ$-groups
Creators: name: Panyushev, Dmitri I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30

description: This paper is a contribution to Vinberg's theory of $θ$-groups, or in other words, to Invariant Theory of periodically graded semisimple Lie algebras. One of our main tools is Springer's theory of regular elements of finite reflection groups
description: 16 pages
title: MONITORING OF COLLEGE LABORATORY EMISSIONS FOR TRACE METAL CONTAMINATION
Creators: name: Nurton, Richard Lindsay
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: A general review of urban air pollution including regulations and guidelines, meteorological effects and monitoring of urban air quality, precedes a more detailed study of trace metals in the atmosphere. This study covers sources of trace metal pollution, harmful effects of high metal levels in the atmosphere and details of long­term surveys carried out by other air monitoring laboratories. Air monitoring equipment was set up on the roof of the Science Block at the Llandaff site of CIHE to sample air emissions from laboratory fume cupboard ducting that ventilated from student chemical laboratories contained in the building. Particulate collection was achieved by capture on filters using high volume pumps for periods of time ranging from 24 hours to 2 weeks. Analyses of the particulates collected for trace metal contamination were undertaken using atomic absorption spectrometry. This method required acid digestion of the filter and particulates combined, and the resultant solution analysed using specific element cathode lamps. The results obtained were compared with the quality standards or guidelines set out by EC directives and other relevant authorities. Methodology of sampling was adjusted accordingly to ensure its representation and accuracy of emissions from the laboratories. This primary investigation posed various questions and suggested new directions for future projects. Recommendations are drawn from the results and subsequent discussion.
Trade Credit, International Reserves and Sovereign Debt
Creators: name: Kohlscheen, E.
name: O'Connell, S. A.
name: Kohlscheen, E.
name: O'Connell, S. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Financial Economics
International Relations/Trade

description: We present a unified model of sovereign debt, trade credit and international reserves. Our model shows that access to short-term trade credit and gross international reserves critically affect the outcome of sovereign debt renegotiations. Whereas competitive banks do optimally lend for the accumulation of borrowed reserves that strengthen the bargaining position of borrowers, they also have incentives to restrict the supply of short-term trade credit during renegotiations. We first show that they effectively do so and then derive propositions that: I) establish the size of sovereign debt haircuts as a function of economic fundamentals and preferences; II) predict that defaults occur during recessions rather than booms, contrary to reputation based models; III) provide a rationale for holding costly borrowed reserves and, IV) show that the stock of borrowed international reserves tends to increase when global interest rates are low.
Epidemiology and biology of early onset colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Venugopal, Anand
name: Carethers, John M.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: colon cancer
rectal cancer
young onset
early onset
cancer genetics
diabetes mellitus
obesity
cancer risk factors
cancer treatment
cancer prevention
tumor microenvironment
inflammation
colonoscopy
cancer screening
genetic testing

description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men or women in the United States. Average-risk screening that begins at age 50 years has reduced incidence and mortality of CRC in those over 50 years of age, whereas CRC incidence in those under age 50 years (early onset colorectal cancer (eoCRC)) has recently and dramatically increased. In this review, we summarize the recent literature including risk factors for eoCRC, differences in clinicopathologic presentation and outcomes in eoCRC, and emerging evidence regarding the molecular pathways that are altered in eoCRC compared to later onset CRC (loCRC). Epidemiologic studies of eoCRC show predominance in distal colon and rectum, and association with several modifiable risk factors, including diabetes, obesity, diet, sedentary time, alcohol consumption and smoking. Data regarding potential risk factors of prior antibiotic exposure and microbiome alterations or direct carcinogen exposure are still emerging. Aggressive clinicopathologic features of eoCRC at presentation may be due to delay in diagnosis or more aggressive tumor biology. EoCRC outcomes are similar to loCRC when matched for stage, but overall mortality is greater due to higher frequency of advanced disease at a younger presentation, with more life-years lost. There are only few molecular evaluations of eoCRC to date, with findings of potential increase in TP53 and CTNNB1 somatic mutation and decrease in APC, KRAS and BRAF somatic mutation, compared to loCRC. Other findings include LINE-1 hypomethylation, absence of microsatellite instability (MSI-H), presence of chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite and chromosomal stability (MACS). These studies are only now emerging and have not yet identified a specific molecular signature defining eoCRC. Further research evaluating genetic and molecular differences as well as environmental triggers for eoCRCs should provide a clearer understanding to inform targeted screening for pre-symptomatic at-risk younger individuals.
description: EXCLI Journal; 21:Doc162; ISSN 1611-2156
Measurements of the production cross-section for a $Z$ boson in association with $b$-jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a measurement of the production cross-section of a $Z$ boson in association with $b$-jets, in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.6 fb$^{-1}$. Inclusive and differential cross-sections are measured for events containing a $Z$ boson decaying into electrons or muons and produced in association with at least one or at least two $b$-jets with transverse momentum $p_\textrm{T}>$ 20 GeV and rapidity $|y| < 2.5$. Predictions from several Monte Carlo generators based on leading-order (LO) or next-to-leading-order (NLO) matrix elements interfaced with a parton-shower simulation and testing different flavour schemes for the choice of initial-state partons are compared with measured cross-sections. The 5-flavour number scheme predictions at NLO accuracy agree better with data than 4-flavour number scheme ones. The 4-flavour number scheme predictions underestimate data in events with at least one b-jet.
description: 57 pages in total, author list starting page 41, 15 figures, 8 tables. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-38/
High flow variability and storm events shape the ecology of the Mbhashe Estuary, South Africa
Creators: name: NC James
name: JB Adams
name: AD Connell
name: SJ Lamberth
name: CF MacKay
name: GC Snow
name: L Van Niekerk
name: AK Whitfield
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The possible impacts of extreme events on the ecology of selected aquatic biota within the Mbhashe Estuary were investigated during a four year (2010–2013) spring sampling programme. During periods of low to average flow conditions the estuary is shallow, turbid and characterised by the presence of fluid mud and the build-up of mud and clay deposits. During these conditions, extremely high biomasses of intertidal microalgae and zooplankton are present. Fish and macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity are also highest during low-flow conditions. Flood events can reset, or partially disrupt, the sediment erosion/depositional cycle and decrease the biomass and diversity of plankton, fish and macroinvertebrate species. The Mbhashe Estuary’s unique fluid mud habitat is therefore subjected to regular resetting, which potentially contributes to the fluid nature of the muds. A storm surge in 2011 resulted in the temporary dieback of an area of mangroves, as a result of the deposition of marine sediment. Although extreme events seem to play an important role in the deposition and erosion cycle of the estuary, an increased frequency of both types of extreme events may ultimately result in estuarine habitat loss, which will adversely affect the biota of the estuary.
Essays on the public sector labor supply
Creators: name: Jacinto, Alberto
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: Attracting and retaining a diverse and highly qualified workforce has been a long sought goal of the U. S. public sector. This is particularly important for street-level bureaucrats, whose daily interactions with the public shape citizens’ receipt of public goods and experience with government. This dissertation contains three distinct, but related, chapters that study the determinants of public sector labor supply—with an emphasis on public school teachers. The first chapter of my dissertation uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 1979 and its intergenerational component, the NLSY Child and Young Adult (CYA) supplement, to test the intergenerational transmission of teaching. The main findings suggest that teaching is in fact passed down within families: Children of teachers are seven percentage points more likely to become teachers compared to the children of non-teachers. However, the transmission of teaching is not uniform. The effect of mother’s teaching status on child’s teaching status is zero for Black sons. These findings suggest that the intergenerational transmission of teaching is one reason that the teaching profession remains disproportionately White and female. The finding that teaching is transmitted across generations motivates the second chapter of my dissertation, which investigates more generally whether public sector employment is transmitted across generations. Using data from the NLSY and CYA, I test the intergenerational correlation coefficient for public sector work. Primary findings indicate that children of public sector mothers are five percentage points more likely to work in the public sector compared to children of non-public sector mothers, with no variation in terms of race or gender. These findings have implications for hiring and promotion practices within the ranks of the public sector. Finally, the third chapter of my dissertation returns to teachers and the lack of racial diversity in the teaching workforce. I use data from the 1999 School and Staffing Survey (SASS) and its longitudinal component, the 2000 Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS) to test whether school conditions differentially impact teacher turnover by teacher race/ethnicity. Primary findings indicate that teacher autonomy and leadership support were associated with greater teacher retention. Further, fixed effects results indicate that teachers of color were more likely to remain in teaching conditional upon these school conditions. Implications from these findings suggest that expanding teacher policy and creating more supportive environments for teachers may curb turnover among teachers of color.
Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes: a comprehensive treatment and the case of the star S2
Creators: name: Bozza, V.
name: Mancini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light rays passing very close to a black hole may experience very strong deviations. Two geometries were separately considered in the recent literature: a source behind the black hole (standard gravitational lensing); a source in front of the black hole (retro-lensing). In this paper we start from the Strong Field Limit approach to recover both situations under the same formalism, describing not only the two geometries just mentioned but also any intermediate possible configurations of the system source-lens-observer, without any small-angle limitations. This is done for any spherically symmetric black holes and for the equatorial plane of Kerr black holes. In the light of this formalism we revisit the previous literature on retro-lensing, sensibly improving the observational estimates. In particular, for the case of the star S2, we give sharp predictions for the magnitude of the relativistic images and the time of their highest brightness, which should occur at the beginning of year 2018. The observation of such images would open fascinating perspectives on the measure of the physical parameters of the central black hole, including mass, spin and distance.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ApJ