cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cutoff phenomenon and entropic uncertainty for random quantum circuits
Creators: name: Oh, Sangchul
name: Kais, Sabre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How fast a state of a system converges to a stationary state is one of the fundamental questions in science. Some Markov chains and random walks on finite groups are known to exhibit the non-asymptotic convergence to a stationary distribution, called the cutoff phenomenon. Here, we examine how quickly a random quantum circuit could transform a quantum state to a Haar-measure random quantum state. We find that random quantum states, as stationary states of random walks on a unitary group, are invariant under the quantum Fourier transform. Thus the entropic uncertainty of random quantum states has balanced Shannon entropies for the computational bases and the quantum Fourier transform bases. By calculating the Shannon entropy for random quantum states and the Wasserstein distances for the eigenvalues of random quantum circuits, we show that the cutoff phenomenon occurs for the random quantum circuit. It is also demonstrated that the Dyson-Brownian motion for the eigenvalues of a random unitary matrix as a continuous random walk exhibits the cutoff phenomenon. The results here imply that random quantum states could be generated with shallow random circuits.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, submitted
Unbinned Profiled Unfolding
Creators: name: Chan, Jay
name: Nachman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unfolding is an important procedure in particle physics experiments which corrects for detector effects and provides differential cross section measurements that can be used for a number of downstream tasks, such as extracting fundamental physics parameters. Traditionally, unfolding is done by discretizing the target phase space into a finite number of bins and is limited in the number of unfolded variables. Recently, there have been a number of proposals to perform unbinned unfolding with machine learning. However, none of these methods (like most unfolding methods) allow for simultaneously constraining (profiling) nuisance parameters. We propose a new machine learning-based unfolding method that results in an unbinned differential cross section and can profile nuisance parameters. The machine learning loss function is the full likelihood function, based on binned inputs at detector-level. We first demonstrate the method with simple Gaussian examples and then show the impact on a simulated Higgs boson cross section measurement.
description: Fixed a reference
A global analysis of two-body D to VP decays within the framework of flavor symmetry
Creators: name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
name: Kuo, An-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-body charmed meson decays $D\to VP$ are studied within the framework of the diagrammatic approach. Under flavor SU(3) symmetry, all the flavor amplitude sizes and their associated strong phases are extracted by performing a $χ^2$ fit. Thanks to the recent measurement of $D_s^+\toπ^+ρ^0$, the magnitudes and the strong phases of the $W$-annihilation amplitudes $A_{P,V}$ have been extracted for the first time. As a consequence, the branching fractions of all the $D\to VP$ decays are predicted, especially those modes that could not be predicted previously due to the unknown $A_{P,V}$. Our working assumption, the flavor SU(3) symmetry, is tested by comparing our predictions with experiment for the singly and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay modes based on the flavor amplitudes extracted from the Cabibbo-favored decays using the current data. The predictions for the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed channels are in good agreement with the data, while those for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay modes are seen to have flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking effects. We find that the inclusion of SU(3) symmetry breaking in color-allowed and color-suppressed tree amplitudes is needed in general in order to have a better agreement with experiment. Nevertheless, the exact flavor SU(3)-symmetric approach alone is adequate to provide an overall explanation for the current data.
Threatening Patch Attacks on Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images
Creators: name: Sun, Xuxiang
name: Cheng, Gong
name: Pei, Lei
name: Li, Hongda
name: Han, Junwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advanced Patch Attacks (PAs) on object detection in natural images have pointed out the great safety vulnerability in methods based on deep neural networks. However, little attention has been paid to this topic in Optical Remote Sensing Images (O-RSIs). To this end, we focus on this research, i.e., PAs on object detection in O-RSIs, and propose a more Threatening PA without the scarification of the visual quality, dubbed TPA. Specifically, to address the problem of inconsistency between local and global landscapes in existing patch selection schemes, we propose leveraging the First-Order Difference (FOD) of the objective function before and after masking to select the sub-patches to be attacked. Further, considering the problem of gradient inundation when applying existing coordinate-based loss to PAs directly, we design an IoU-based objective function specific for PAs, dubbed Bounding box Drifting Loss (BDL), which pushes the detected bounding boxes far from the initial ones until there are no intersections between them. Finally, on two widely used benchmarks, i.e., DIOR and DOTA, comprehensive evaluations of our TPA with four typical detectors (Faster R-CNN, FCOS, RetinaNet, and YOLO-v4) witness its remarkable effectiveness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the PAs on object detection in O-RSIs, and we hope this work can get our readers interested in studying this topic.
Valoniopsis Borgesen 1934
Creators: name: Mora-Valdés, Laura Areli
name: Riosmena-Rodríguez, Rafael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Chlorophyta
Ulvophyceae
Siphonocladales
Valoniaceae
Valoniopsis

description: Valoniopsis Børgesen (1934: 10)
 Valoniopsis hancockii E.Y. Dawson (1944: 207).
 TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) V. hancockii is currently taxonomically valid. Norris (2010) regarded this species as endemic from the North Gulf of California.
 RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND (Anderson 1991: 9, González-González et al. 1996: 140), Puerto Refugio (Dawson 1944: 207), Isla Ángel de la Guarda (Dawson 1961: 379), Northern Gulf (Espinoza-Ávalos 1993: 333, Norris 2010: 76), Bahía de Los Ángeles (Pacheco-Ruíz et al. 2008: 202). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 101, table 1).
 Valoniopsis pachynema (G. Martens) Børgesen (1934: 10).
TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently taxonomicaly valid.
 RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND (Isaac 1957: 85, pl. 28, figs. 6–7), Puerto Refugio (Dawson 1944: 206), Puerto Peñasco (Dawson 1966b: 6), Isla Ángel de la Guarda to Isla Espíritu Santo (Dawson 1961: 379), Isla Espíritu Santo and La Partida (Paúl-Chávez & Riosmena-Rodríguez 2000: 146), Calerita (Rodríguez-Morales & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1999: 22), Bahía de Banderas (Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: table 2), Northern Gulf (Littler & Littler 1981, Aguilar-Rosas et al. 2000b: 133, Norris 2010: 76). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 101, table1), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1).
description: Published as part of Mora-Valdés, Laura Areli & Riosmena-Rodríguez, Rafael, 2016, Checklist of the green (Ulvophyceae) macroalgae from the Gulf of California, México, pp. 203-247 in Phytotaxa 246 (4) on page 235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.246.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13678608
Light-Matter Interaction: Conversion of Optical Energy and Momentum to Mechanical Vibrations and Phonons
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reflection, refraction, and absorption of light by material media are, in general, accompanied by a transfer of optical energy and momentum to the media. Consequently, the eigen-modes of mechanical vibration (phonons) created in the process must distribute the acquired energy and momentum throughout the material medium. However, unlike photons, phonons do not carry momentum. What happens to the material medium in its interactions with light, therefore, requires careful consideration if the conservation laws are to be upheld. The present paper addresses some of the mechanisms by which the electromagnetic momentum of light is carried away by mechanical vibrations.
description: 34 pages, 19 figures, 89 equations, 11 references
Learning to detect an animal sound from five examples
Creators: name: Nolasco, Inês
name: Singh, Shubhr
name: Morfi, Veronica
name: Lostanlen, Vincent
name: Strandburg-Peshkin, Ariana
name: Vidaña-Vila, Ester
name: Gill, Lisa
name: Pamuła, Hanna
name: Whitehead, Helen
name: Kiskin, Ivan
name: Jensen, Frants H.
name: Morford, Joe
name: Emmerson, Michael G.
name: Versace, Elisabetta
name: Grout, Emily
name: Liu, Haohe
name: Stowell, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Automatic detection and classification of animal sounds has many applications in biodiversity monitoring and animal behaviour. In the past twenty years, the volume of digitised wildlife sound available has massively increased, and automatic classification through deep learning now shows strong results. However, bioacoustics is not a single task but a vast range of small-scale tasks (such as individual ID, call type, emotional indication) with wide variety in data characteristics, and most bioacoustic tasks do not come with strongly-labelled training data. The standard paradigm of supervised learning, focussed on a single large-scale dataset and/or a generic pre-trained algorithm, is insufficient. In this work we recast bioacoustic sound event detection within the AI framework of few-shot learning. We adapt this framework to sound event detection, such that a system can be given the annotated start/end times of as few as 5 events, and can then detect events in long-duration audio -- even when the sound category was not known at the time of algorithm training. We introduce a collection of open datasets designed to strongly test a system's ability to perform few-shot sound event detections, and we present the results of a public contest to address the task. We show that prototypical networks are a strong-performing method, when enhanced with adaptations for general characteristics of animal sounds. We demonstrate that widely-varying sound event durations are an important factor in performance, as well as non-stationarity, i.e. gradual changes in conditions throughout the duration of a recording. For fine-grained bioacoustic recognition tasks without massive annotated training data, our results demonstrate that few-shot sound event detection is a powerful new method, strongly outperforming traditional signal-processing detection methods in the fully automated scenario.
Small sample measurements at the low energy muon facility of Paul Scherrer Institute
Creators: name: Ni, X.
name: Zhou, L.
name: Martins, M. M.
name: Salman, Z.
name: Suter, A.
name: Prokscha, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low energy muon spin rotation spectroscopy (LE-$μ$SR) is primarily used to investigate thin films, surfaces, and interfaces of materials, which has matured at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and is routinely employed by users of the low energy muon (LEM) facility. However, because of the large beam spot and low implanted muons rate, LE-$μ$SR measurements on small samples are difficult, requiring an optimal sample size of $25\times25$ mm$^2$. Recently, we have boosted our ability to measure small samples, down to $5\times5$ mm$^2$ area, by beam collimation and tuning. This achievement is crucial for the measurements of many magnetic and superconducting materials. Furthermore, we have devised a method that allows us to measure five small area samples mounted together on the same sample plate. We expect this method to further improve the efficient use of beam time at LEM.
Single-particle vibrational spectroscopy using optical microresonators
Creators: name: Tang, Shui-Jing
name: Zhang, Mingjie
name: Sun, Jialve
name: Meng, Jia-Wei
name: Xiong, Xiao
name: Gong, Qihuang
name: Jin, Dayong
name: Yang, Qi-Fan
name: Xiao, Yun-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vibrational spectroscopy is a ubiquitous technology that derives the species, constituents, and morphology of an object from its natural vibrations. However, the vibrational spectra of mesoscopic particles - including most biological cells - have remained hidden from existing technologies. These particles are expected to vibrate faintly at megahertz to gigahertz rates, imposing unpractical sensitivity and resolution for current optical and piezoelectric spectroscopy. Here we demonstrate the real-time measurement of natural vibrations of single mesoscopic particles using an optical microresonator, extending the reach of vibrational spectroscopy to a new spectral window. Conceptually, a spectrum of vibrational modes of the particles is stimulated photoacoustically, and correlated to a high-quality-factor optical resonance for the ultrasensitive readout. Experimentally, this scheme is testified by measuring mesoscopic particles with different constituents, sizes, and internal structures, showing an unprecedented signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB and detection bandwidth over 1 GHz. This new technology is further applied for the biomechanical fingerprinting of single microbial cells with different species and living states. The present method opens up new avenues to study single-particle mechanical properties in vibrational degrees of freedom, and may find applications in photoacoustic sensing and imaging, cavity optomechanics and biomechanics.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Controlling Frequency-Domain Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
Creators: name: Liu, Zi-Yu
name: Shiu, Jiun-Shiuan
name: Cheng, Chin-Yao
name: Chen, Yong-Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a compelling quantum phenomenon that demonstrates the nonclassical nature of single photons. In this study, we investigate an electromagnetically induced transparency-based double-$Λ$ four-wave mixing system from the perspective of quantized light fields. The system can be used to realize efficient HOM interference in the frequency domain. By using the reduced density operator theory, we demonstrate that, although the double-$Λ$ medium does not exhibit phase-dependent properties for the closed-loop case of two incident single photons, frequency-domain HOM two-photon interference occurs. For experimentally achievable optical depth conditions, our theory indicates that this double-$Λ$ scheme can perform high-fidelity Hadamard gate operations on frequency-encoded single-photon qubits, and thereby generate HOM two-photon NOON states with a fidelity greater than 0.99. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this scheme can be used to realize arbitrary single-qubit gates and two-qubit SWAP gates by simply controlling the laser detuning and phase, exhibiting its multifunctional properties and providing a new route to scalable optical quantum computing.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Measurement of direct photon cross section and double helicity asymmetry at 510 GeV in p+p collisions at PHENIX
Creators: name: Ji, Zhongling
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: spin23
phenix
p+p
helicity
cross section
photon
direct photon
longitudinal spin asymmetry
gluon
isolated
pythia

description: Talk presented at the International Spin Symposium (SPIN) 2023 conference
The Meta-Evaluation Problem in Explainable AI: Identifying Reliable Estimators with MetaQuantus
Creators: name: Hedström, Anna
name: Bommer, Philine
name: Wickstrøm, Kristoffer K.
name: Samek, Wojciech
name: Lapuschkin, Sebastian
name: Höhne, Marina M. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the unsolved challenges in the field of Explainable AI (XAI) is determining how to most reliably estimate the quality of an explanation method in the absence of ground truth explanation labels. Resolving this issue is of utmost importance as the evaluation outcomes generated by competing evaluation methods (or ''quality estimators''), which aim at measuring the same property of an explanation method, frequently present conflicting rankings. Such disagreements can be challenging for practitioners to interpret, thereby complicating their ability to select the best-performing explanation method. We address this problem through a meta-evaluation of different quality estimators in XAI, which we define as ''the process of evaluating the evaluation method''. Our novel framework, MetaQuantus, analyses two complementary performance characteristics of a quality estimator: its resilience to noise and reactivity to randomness, thus circumventing the need for ground truth labels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework through a series of experiments, targeting various open questions in XAI such as the selection and hyperparameter optimisation of quality estimators. Our work is released under an open-source license (https://github.com/annahedstroem/MetaQuantus) to serve as a development tool for XAI- and Machine Learning (ML) practitioners to verify and benchmark newly constructed quality estimators in a given explainability context. With this work, we provide the community with clear and theoretically-grounded guidance for identifying reliable evaluation methods, thus facilitating reproducibility in the field.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables
On the cohomology of almost complex and symplectic manifolds and proper surjective maps
Creators: name: Tardini, Nicoletta
name: Tomassini, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15, 53D05

description: Let $(X,J)$ be an almost-complex manifold. In \cite{li-zhang} Li and Zhang introduce $H^{(p,q),(q,p)}_J(X)_{\rr}$ as the cohomology subgroups of the $(p+q)$-th de Rham cohomology group formed by classes represented by real pure-type forms. Given a proper, surjective, pseudo-holomorphic map between two almost-complex manifolds we study the relationship among such cohomology groups. Similar results are proven in the symplectic setting for the cohomology groups introduced in \cite{tsengyauI} by Tseng and Yau and a new characterization of the Hard Lefschetz condition in dimension $4$ is provided.
Colossal room-temperature electrocaloric strength aided by hydrostatic pressure in lead-free multiferroic solid solutions
Creators: name: Menéndez, César
name: Cazorla, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state cooling applications based on the electrocaloric (EC) effect are particularly promising from a technological point of view due to their downsize scalability and natural implementation in circuitry. However, EC effects typically occur far from room temperature, involve materials that contain toxic substances and require relatively large electric fields ($\sim 100$-$1000$ kV cm$^{-1}$) that cause fateful leakage current and dielectric loss problems. Here, we propose a possible solution to these practical issues that consists in concertedly applying hydrostatic pressure and electric fields on lead-free multiferroic materials. We theoretically demonstrate this strategy by performing first-principles simulations on supertetragonal BiFe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$O$_{3}$ solid solutions (BFCO). It is shown that hydrostatic pressure, besides adjusting the occurrence of EC effects to near room temperature, can reduce enormously the intensity of the driving electric fields. For pressurized BFCO, we estimate a colossal room-temperature EC strength, defined like the ratio of the adiabatic EC temperature change by the applied electric field, of $\sim 1$ K cm kV$^{-1}$, a value that is several orders of magnitude larger than those routinely measured in uncompressed ferroelectrics.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Duration problem: basic concept and some extensions
Creators: name: Porosiński, Zdzisław
name: Skarupski, Marek
name: Szajowski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G40, 62L15

description: We consider a sequence of independent random variables with the known distribution observed sequentially. The observation $n$ is assumed to be a value of one order statistics such as s:n-th, where 1 is less than s is less than n. It the instances following the $n$th observation it may remain of the s:m or it will be the value of the order statistics r:m (of m> n observations). Changing the rank of the observation, along with expanding a set of observations there is a random phenomenon that is difficult to predict. From practical reasons it is of great interest. Among others, we pose the question of the moment in which the observation appears and whose rank will not change significantly until the end of sampling of a certain size. We also attempt to answer which observation should be kept to have the "good quality observation" as long as possible. This last question was analysed by Ferguson, Hardwick and Tamaki (1991) in the abstract form which they called the problem of duration. This article gives a systematical presentation of the known duration models and a new modifications. We collect results from different papers on the duration of the extremal observation in the no-information (denoted as rank based) case and the full-information case. In the case of non-extremal observation duration models the most appealing are various settings related to the two extremal order statistics. In the no-information case it will be the maximizing duration of owning the relatively best or the second best object. The idea was formulated and the problem was solved by Szajowski and Tamaki (2006). The full-information duration problem with special requirement was presented by Kurushima and Ano (2010).
Effective identity work, gender, body experience, and their impact on the mental health of adolescents in Switzerland and Germany
Creators: name: Christl, Taylor L. A.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Identität
subject: Psychische Gesundheit
subject: Adoleszenz
subject: Körperbild
subject: Gender
subject: 360
subject: 370
subject: Identität
subject: Psychische Gesundheit
subject: Heranwachsender
subject: Geschlechterforschung

description: In a short longitudinal study with 1102 male and female adolescents from Southern Germany and German-speaking Switzerland, a quantitative operationalisation of elements from Keupp et al.'s (2002) theory on identity construction was developed and evaluated with the goal of creating a measure of identity formation that accounts for some of the challenges to identity associated with the postmodern era. The Effective Identity Work Inventory (EIWI) aims to assess individuals' experiences of themselves in their social environments in their day-to-day identity work, focusing specifically on life coherence, authenticity, self-acceptance, acceptance and recognition from others, integration of discrepant expectations, and agency. Factor analyses produced a four-factor solution (Life Coherence, Authenticity, Acceptance, Integration). Using the factor scores in cluster analysis, three unique patterns of effective identity work were identified. Discriminant analysis showed that, in particular, the factors Authenticity and Integration were most important for distinguishing between the three groups. Consequently, the three patterns of effective identity work were named: Low Authenticity - Moderate Integration, High Authenticity - Low Integration, and High Authenticity - High Integration. Both the individual aspects of effective identity work and the three patterns were examined more closely with respect to gender, positive body experience and mental health. Findings suggest that the aspects of effective identity work have a positive predictive relationship with positive body image and a negative predictive relationship with mental health problems. Results on gender suggest that girls experience more authenticity than boys, that boys show slightly more positive body image than girls, and that in general girls and boys experience mental health issues to a similar degree, though emotional problems are more prevalent in girls and conduct problems more prevalent in boys. Suggestions for revisions to the EIWI are made and implications for its use in identity research are discussed.
How to Understand Limitations of Generative Networks
Creators: name: Das, Ranit
name: Favaro, Luigi
name: Heimel, Theo
name: Krause, Claudius
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Shih, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Well-trained classifiers and their complete weight distributions provide us with a well-motivated and practicable method to test generative networks in particle physics. We illustrate their benefits for distribution-shifted jets, calorimeter showers, and reconstruction-level events. In all cases, the classifier weights make for a powerful test of the generative network, identify potential problems in the density estimation, relate them to the underlying physics, and tie in with a comprehensive precision and uncertainty treatment for generative networks.
description: 32 pages, 19 figures
Anomalous dimensions of partially-conserved higher-spin currents from conformal field theory: bosonic $ϕ^{2n}$ theories
Creators: name: Guo, Yongwei
name: Li, Wenliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the free $\Box^k$ scalar conformal field theory, there exist conserved and partially-conserved higher-spin currents. We study their anomalous dimensions associated with $ϕ^{2n}$ interaction in the $ε$ expansion. We derive general formulae for the leading corrections from the conformal multiplet recombination, and verify their consistency with crossing symmetry using the Lorentzian inversion formula. The results are further extended to the O($N$) models.
description: v3: 34 pages, 4 figures, discussion improved, references added, typos corrected; v2: discussion about the N dependence of Chew-Frautschi plot added, Fig.3 and Fig. 4 added, typos corrected, minor improvements, notation simplified, references updated
A GPU-Parallelized Interpolation-Based Fast Multipole Method for the Relativistic Space-Charge Field Calculation
Creators: name: Kan, Yi-Kai
name: Kärtner, Franz X.
name: Borne, Sabine Le
name: Zemke, Jens-Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fast multipole method (FMM) has received growing attention in the beam physics simulation. In this study, we formulate an interpolation-based FMM for the computation of the relativistic space-charge field. Different to the quasi-electrostatic model, our FMM is formulated in the lab-frame and can be applied without the assistance of the Lorentz transformation. In particular, we derive a modified admissibility condition which can effectively control the interpolation error of the proposed FMM. The algorithms and their GPU parallelization are discussed in detail. A package containing serial and GPU-parallelized solvers is implemented in the Julia programming language. The GPU-parallelized solver can reach a speedup of more than a hundred compared to the execution on a single CPU core.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures
Gravitational traces of bumblebee gravity in metric-affine formalism
Creators: name: Filho, A. A. Araújo
name: Hassanabadi, H.
name: Heidari, N.
name: Kríz, J.
name: Zare, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work explores various manifestations of bumblebee gravity within the metric-affine formalism. We investigate the impact of the Lorentz violation parameter, denoted as $X$, on the modification of the Hawking temperature. Our calculations reveal that as $X$ increases, the values of the Hawking temperature attenuate. To examine the behavior of massless scalar perturbations, specifically the quasinormal modes, we employ the WKB method. The transmission and reflection coefficients are determined through our calculations. The outcomes indicate that a stronger Lorentz-violating parameter results in slower damping oscillations of gravitational waves. To comprehend the influence of the quasinormal spectrum on time-dependent scattering phenomena, we present a detailed analysis of scalar perturbations in the time-domain solution. Additionally, we conduct an investigation on shadows, revealing that larger values of $X$ correspond to larger shadow radii. Furthermore, we constrain the magnitude of the shadow radii using the EHT horizon-scale image of $Sgr A^*$. Finally, we calculate both the time delay and the deflection angle.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures and 4 tables
High-Density Effects in X-ray Reflection Models from Accretion Disks
Creators: name: García, Javier A.
name: Fabian, Andrew C.
name: Kallman, Timothy R.
name: Dauser, Thomas
name: Parker, Michael L.
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
name: Steiner, James F.
name: Wilms, Jörn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current models of the spectrum of X-rays reflected from accretion disks around black holes and other compact objects are commonly calculated assuming that the density of the disk atmosphere is constant within several Thomson depths from the irradiated surface. An important simplifying assumption of these models is that the ionization structure of the gas is completely specified by a single, fixed value of the ionization parameter $ξ$, which is the ratio of the incident flux to the gas density. The density is typically fixed at $n_e=10^{15}$ cm$^{-3}$. Motivated by observations, we consider higher densities in the calculation of the reflected spectrum. We show by computing model spectra for $n_e \gtrsim 10^{17}$ cm$^{-3}$ that high-density effects significantly modify reflection spectra. The main effect is to boost the thermal continuum at energies $\lesssim 2$ keV. We discuss the implications of these results for interpreting observations of both AGN and black hole binaries. We also discuss the limitations of our models imposed by the quality of the atomic data currently available.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to MNRAS
Holographic Picture of Heavy Vector Meson Melting
Creators: name: Braga, Nelson R. F.
name: Contreras, M. A. Martin
name: Diles, Saulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fraction of heavy vector mesons produced in a heavy ion collision, as compared to a proton proton collision, serves as an important indication of the formation of a thermal medium, the quark gluon plasma. This sort of analysis strongly depends on understanding the thermal effects of a medium like the plasma on the states of heavy mesons. In particular, it is crucial to know the temperature ranges where they undergo a thermal dissociation, or melting. AdS/QCD models are know to provide an important tool for the calculation of hadronic masses, but in general are not consistent with the observation that decay constants of heavy vector mesons decrease with excitation level. It has recently been shown that this problem can be overcome using a soft wall background and introducing an extra energy parameter, through the calculation of correlation functions at a finite position of anti-de Sitter space. This approach leads to the evaluation of masses and decay constants of S wave quarkonium states with just one flavor dependent and one flavor independent parameters. Here we extend this more realistic model to finite temperatures and analyse the thermal behavior of the states $1S, 2S$ and $ 3S$ of bottomonium and charmonium. The corresponding spectral function exhibits a consistent picture for the melting of the states where, for each flavor, the higher excitations melt at lower temperatures. We estimate for these six states, the energy ranges in which the heavy vector mesons undergo a transition from a well defined peak in the spectral function to complete melting in the thermal medium. A very clear distinction between the heavy flavors emerges, with bottomonium state $Υ(1S)$ surviving deconfinemet transition at temperatures much larger than the critical deconfinement temperature of the medium.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Swift reveals the eclipsing nature of the high mass X-ray binary IGR~J16195-4945
Creators: name: Cusumano, G.
name: La Parola, V.
name: Segreto, A.
name: D'Aì, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IGR J16195-4945 is a hard X-ray source discovered by INTEGRAL during the Core Program observations performed in 2003. We analyzed the X-ray emission of this source exploiting the Swift-BAT survey data from December 2004 to March 2015, and all the available Swift-XRT pointed observations. The source is detected at a high significance level in the 123-month BAT survey data, with an average 15-150 keV flux of the source of ~1.6 mCrab. The timing analysis on the BAT data reveals with a significance higher than 6 standard deviations the presence of a modulated signal with a period of 3.945 d, that we interpret as the orbital period of the binary system. The folded light curve shows a flat profile with a narrow full eclipse lasting ~3.5% of the orbital period. We requested phase-constrained XRT observations to obtain a more detailed characterization of the eclipse in the soft X-ray range. Adopting resonable guess values for the mass and radius of the companion star, we derive a semi-major orbital axis of ~31 R_sun, equivalent to ~1.8 times the radius of the companion star. From these estimates and from the duration of the eclipse we derive an orbital inclination between 55 and 60 degrees. The broad band time-averaged XRT+BAT spectrum is well modeled with a strongly absorbed flat power law, with absorbing column N_H=7x 10^22 cm^(-2) and photon index Gamma=0.5, modified by a high energy exponential cutoff at E_cut=14 keV.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Published on MNRAS
Orthonormal bases of extreme quantumness
Creators: name: Rudziński, Marcin
name: Burchardt, Adam
name: Życzkowski, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin anticoherent states acquired recently a lot of attention as the most "quantum" states. Some coherent and anticoherent spin states are known as optimal quantum rotosensors. In this work, we introduce a measure of quantumness for orthonormal bases of spin states, determined by the average anticoherence of individual vectors and the Wehrl entropy. In this way, we identify the most coherent and most quantum states, which lead to orthogonal measurements of extreme quantumness. Their symmetries can be revealed using the Majorana stellar representation, which provides an intuitive geometrical representation of a pure state by points on a sphere. Results obtained lead to maximally (minimally) entangled bases in the $2j+1$ dimensional symmetric subspace of the $2^{2j}$ dimensional space of states of multipartite systems composed of $2j$ qubits. Some bases found are iso-coherent as they consist of all states of the same degree of spin-coherence.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures
SpIES: The Spitzer IRAC Equatorial Survey
Creators: name: Timlin, John D.
name: Ross, Nicholas P.
name: Richards, Gordon T.
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Ryan, Erin L.
name: Stone, Robert B.
name: Bauer, Franz E.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Glikman, Eilat
name: Haggard, Daryl
name: Jiang, Linhua
name: LaMassa, Stephanie M.
name: Lin, Yen-Ting
name: Makler, Martin
name: McGehee, Peregrine
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Urry, C. Megan
name: Wollack, Edward J.
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the first data release from the Spitzer-IRAC Equatorial Survey (SpIES); a large-area survey of 115 deg^2 in the Equatorial SDSS Stripe 82 field using Spitzer during its 'warm' mission phase. SpIES was designed to probe sufficient volume to perform measurements of quasar clustering and the luminosity function at z > 3 to test various models for "feedback" from active galactic nuclei (AGN). Additionally, the wide range of available multi-wavelength, multi-epoch ancillary data enables SpIES to identify both high-redshift (z > 5) quasars as well as obscured quasars missed by optical surveys. SpIES achieves 5σ depths of 6.13 μJy (21.93 AB magnitude) and 5.75 μJy (22.0 AB magnitude) at 3.6 and 4.5 microns, respectively - depths significantly fainter than WISE. We show that the SpIES survey recovers a much larger fraction of spectroscopically-confirmed quasars (98%) in Stripe 82 than are recovered by WISE (55%). This depth is especially powerful at high-redshift (z > 3.5), where SpIES recovers 94% of confirmed quasars, whereas WISE only recovers 25%. Here we define the SpIES survey parameters and describe the image processing, source extraction, and catalog production methods used to analyze the SpIES data. In addition to this survey paper, we release 234 images created by the SpIES team and three detection catalogs: a 3.6 μm-only detection catalog containing 6.1 million sources, a 4.5 μm-only detection catalog containing 6.5 million sources, and a dual-band detection catalog containing 5.4 million sources.
description: 25 pages, 17 Figures, Accepted by ApJs 3/21/2016
Quantum simulation of battery materials using ionic pseudopotentials
Creators: name: Zini, Modjtaba Shokrian
name: Delgado, Alain
name: Reis, Roberto dos
name: Casares, Pablo A. M.
name: Mueller, Jonathan E.
name: Voigt, Arne-Christian
name: Arrazola, Juan Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionic pseudopotentials are widely used in classical simulations of materials to model the effective potential due to the nucleus and the core electrons. Modeling fewer electrons explicitly results in a reduction in the number of plane waves needed to accurately represent the states of a system. In this work, we introduce a quantum algorithm that uses pseudopotentials to reduce the cost of simulating periodic materials on a quantum computer. We use a qubitization-based quantum phase estimation algorithm that employs a first-quantization representation of the Hamiltonian in a plane-wave basis. We address the challenge of incorporating the complexity of pseudopotentials into quantum simulations by developing highly-optimized compilation strategies for the qubitization of the Hamiltonian. This includes a linear combination of unitaries decomposition that leverages the form of separable pseudopotentials. Our strategies make use of quantum read-only memory subroutines as a more efficient alternative to quantum arithmetic. We estimate the computational cost of applying our algorithm to simulating lithium-excess cathode materials for batteries, where more accurate simulations are needed to inform strategies for gaining reversible access to the excess capacity they offer. We estimate the number of qubits and Toffoli gates required to perform sufficiently accurate simulations with our algorithm for three materials: lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel-manganese oxide, and lithium manganese oxyfluoride. Our optimized compilation strategies result in a pseudopotential-based quantum algorithm with a total Toffoli cost four orders of magnitude lower than the previous state of the art for a fixed target accuracy.
Coptera strauziae Muesebeck 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Coptera
Coptera strauziae

description: Coptera strauziae Muesebeck, 1980: 22, 25-26, 46, figs 82, 101, 120-123, 133.
Valid name
Coptera strauziae Muesebeck, 1980.
Summary of types
Paratype ♂.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 85, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Electrostatic Control over Temperature-Dependent Tunneling across a Single Molecule Junction
Creators: name: Garrigues, Alvar R.
name: Wang, Lejia
name: del Barco, Enrique
name: Nijhuis, Christian A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding how the mechanism of charge transport through molecular tunnel junctions depends on temperature is crucial to control electronic function in molecular electronic devices. With just a few systems investigated as a function of bias and temperature so far, thermal effects in molecular tunnel junctions remain poorly understood. Here we report a detailed charge transport study of an individual redox-active ferrocene-based molecule over a wide range of temperatures and applied potentials. The results show the temperature dependence of the current to vary strongly as a function of the gate voltage. Specifically, the current across the molecule exponentially increases in the Coulomb blockade regime and decreases at the charge degeneracy points, while remaining temperature-independent at resonance. Our observations can be well accounted for by a formal single-level tunneling model where the temperature dependence relies on the thermal broadening of the Fermi distributions of the electrons in the leads.
description: 37 pages, 13 figures
Continuous Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution based on Context Interaction in Implicit Function Space
Creators: name: Chen, Keyan
name: Li, Wenyuan
name: Lei, Sen
name: Chen, Jianqi
name: Jiang, Xiaolong
name: Zou, Zhengxia
name: Shi, Zhenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite its fruitful applications in remote sensing, image super-resolution is troublesome to train and deploy as it handles different resolution magnifications with separate models. Accordingly, we propose a highly-applicable super-resolution framework called FunSR, which settles different magnifications with a unified model by exploiting context interaction within implicit function space. FunSR composes a functional representor, a functional interactor, and a functional parser. Specifically, the representor transforms the low-resolution image from Euclidean space to multi-scale pixel-wise function maps; the interactor enables pixel-wise function expression with global dependencies; and the parser, which is parameterized by the interactor's output, converts the discrete coordinates with additional attributes to RGB values. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that FunSR reports state-of-the-art performance on both fixed-magnification and continuous-magnification settings, meanwhile, it provides many friendly applications thanks to its unified nature.
Novo olhar sobre arquitetura das Escolas Inovadoras
Creators: name: Rabelo, Viviane Ramos Dos Santos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: arquitetura escolar
escolas inovadoras
processo de ensino-aprendizagem
educação

description: Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre os ambientes educacionais de escolas inovadoras do século XXI no Brasil. O perfil dos alunos mudou, mas até que ponto as escolas mudaram para atender essa demanda? Há escolas que ainda estão no início do século passado, outras que entenderam as mudanças tão profundas ocorridas na sociedade nos últimos 50 anos que progressivamente mudam seus espaços e metodologias de ensino e há ainda escolas que mudaram completamente a estrutura física, forma de ensinar e a relação com os alunos. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é mostrar como educação e arquitetura caminham juntas e como as escolas inovadoras requerem um novo olhar sobre o programa de necessidade das escolas. Os estudos indicam que há em comum nas escolas inovadoras a personalização da educação, o aprendizado através da experimentação e a necessidade de redesenhar o espaço físico como principal ferramenta no novo processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Entender e aplicar esse conhecimento na proposição de espaços escolares poderá contribuir para a qualidade dos projetos novos e a ressignificação dos antigos existentes.