Triuncina brunnea Wileman 1911
Creators: name: Wang, Xing
name: Wang, Min
name: Zolotuhin, Vadim V.
name: Hirowatari, Toshiya
name: Wu, Shipher
name: Huang, Guo-Hua
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Bombycidae
Triuncina
Triuncina brunnea

description: 12. Triuncina brunnea (Wileman, 1911) (FIGURES 9 A–9D, 10C)
Trilocha brunnea Wileman, 1911, The Entomologist, 44 (3): 176. TL: [Taiwan] ”Rantaizan (7500 ft)”. Holotype: male (BMNH) [examined].
Ocinara diaphragma formosana Mell, 1958, Dtsch. Ent. Z., 5: 211. TL: [Taiwan] ”Zentralformosa (Shis)”. Holotype: male (ZMHU) [examined]. Synonymized by Dierl, 1978.
Ocinara brunnea: Stuttgart, 1933, In Seitz, Macrolep. World, 10: 437.
Diagnosis. Characterized by the following features: forewing apex slightly acute; uncus narrowly triangular, finger-shaped and longer than the small rounded socii; saccus short and stout, apically swollen.
Specimens examined. [TAIWAN] 1 male, Holotype deposited in BMNH with the label “ Type, Trilocha brunnea sp. n., Type, Rantaizan, Formosa, 7500 ft, 11.V.1909, A.E. Wileman, 1792 F, Wileman Coll. B. M. 1929- 261, Bombycidae, genitalia slide, No.2”; 1 male with the label “Baibara, Kikuchi, Type Matsumura, Ocinaria taiwana ”; 1 male with the label “Shis A 5 6, Formosa, H. Sauter, V.–VI.1912, Ocinara diaphragma formosana Mell, Type = Triuncina brunnea (Wileman), rev. W. Dierl 1977, Ocinara brunnea Wileman, Strand det.”; Zhanghua County: 4 males, Lianhua Chi, 11.VIII.2010, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (HUNAU); Yilan County (Fushan Botanic Garden, 750 m): 3 males, 23.VIII.2010, Guo-Hua Huang & Shipher Wu leg. (HUNAU); 1 male, 12.XI.2010, Shipher Wu leg. (TFRI); 1 male, 20.II.2011, Shipher Wu & Wei-Chun Chang leg. (TFRI); 1 male, 9.I.2012, Shipher Wu leg. (TFRI); Yilan County (Tianwan, Mingchi, 1050 m): 1 male, 14.XI.2012, Shipher Wu leg. (TFRI); New Taipei County (Fushan, Wulai): 4 males, 400 m, 23–25.VIII.1990, Mamoru Owada leg. (NSMT); 1 male, 310 m, 2.X.2010, Shipher Wu & Wei-Chun Chang leg. (TFRI); 170 males from different counties of Taiwan (Taitung, Taoyuan, Tai-Chung, Kaoshiung, Ilan, Nantou, Miaoli, Chiayi) (MWM); Nantou County: 1 male, Renlun, 1400 m, 22.IV.2010, Shipher Wu leg. (TFRI); 1 male, Hewang, 1600 m, 28.X.2011, Shipher Wu & Wei- Chun Chang leg. (TFRI); 1 male, Meifeng, 2100 m, 22.XI.2011, Shipher Wu leg. (TFRI); 1 male, Meifeng, 2100 m, 14.II.2012, Shipher Wu & Wei-Chun Chang leg. (TFRI); 1 male, Meifeng, 2100 m, 14.VIII.2012, Shipher Wu & Wei-Chun Chang leg. (TFRI); 1 male, Tsueifeng, 7.X.2012, Jing-Fu Tsai leg. (TFRI); 1 male, Aowanda, 8.XI.2012, Shipher Wu & Wei-Chun Chang leg. (TFRI); Hualien County: 1 male, Ci’en, 1950 m, 28.VI.2012, Shipher Wu & Wei-Chun Chang leg. (TFRI); 1 male, Tianxiang, 6.VI.2013, Shipher Wu & Wei-Chun Chang leg. (TFRI).
Bionomics. Ficus microcarpa Linn., 1781 (Moraceae) is recorded as the larval host plant. Adults are on the wings through the year and fly at elevations from 400 to 2000 m (Plate 4C–4D).
Distribution. Taiwan.
Remarks. T. brunnea was transferred to the genus Ocinara Walker, 1856 by Strand (1922) and Ocinara diaphragma formosana Mell, 1958 was synonymized with it by Dierl (1978). In the Sapporo Museum, we checked the specimens bearing labels with the name “ Ocinaria taiwana Matsumura ” from Baibara in Formosa (Central Taiwan), but we have been unable to locate a published description of this name; however, as the specimen (Fig. 9 A, 9B) was collected in 1925 the name, if published would postdate,and thus be a junior synonym of brunnea. Chu & Wang (1993, 1996) incorrectly synonymized Triuncina cervina (Walker, 1865) with Ocinara brunnea and placed it once again in genus Ocinara. However, T. cervina is a valid species endemic to Nepal and unknown so far from Mainland China and Taiwan.
13. Triuncina xiongi Wang, X. & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (FIGURES 10 A, 10D)
Ocinara brunnea Wileman, 1911: Chu & Wang, 1993, Sinozoologia, 10: 229; Chu & Wang, 1996, Fanuna Sinica Insect, 5: 39. Misidentification (in part).
Type locality: Muji Village, Yinggeling National NR, Hainan Province, China.
Diagnosis. T. xiongi is very similar to T. diaphragma, but can be distinguished from the following characters: forewing dark ochre; inner margin of hindwing straight; uncus shorter than the long triangular socii; saccus long, constricted basally.
Description. Male wingspan: 19–21 mm; forewing length: 12–14 mm; antenna length: 4–6 mm; body length: 13–15 mm.
Head. Reddish brown; antennae bipectinate to tip.
Thorax. Prothorax with long, brown and black hairs. Fore- and hindwings brownish-black, thinly scaled; venation conspicuous; outer margin and inner margin with strong fringes. Forewing with costal margin with two dark spots near apex; transverse lines not obvious; apex rounded; outer margin straight. Hindwing basally with redbrown long hairs; outer margin near tornus slightly concave; inner margin with black and white stripes. Forewing underside darker, transverse lines not obvious; hindwing underside discal cell with a small black spot.
Abdomen. Dark brown
Male genitalia. Sternite 8th trapezoidal; posterior margin strongly concave, "V" shaped with two incurved apical hooks; posterior corners with two small recurved serrations; anterior corners produced into two short and apically rounded processes. Tergite 8 posteriorly narrowly rounded; anterior margin centrally concave; both sides opened outwards and upturned. Uncus long and slender, parallel-sided, apically narrowed and minutely bifurcate; socii falciform, longer than uncus, with acute, downcurved apices; tegumen broad; valva hooked, slender, elongated, only reaching uncus base, basal apodemes of valves with scattered bristles; saccus slender, as long valvae, terminally somewhat inflated; aedeagus thin, apex with curved cornuti on one side; vesica with small cornuti and scobination.
Female. Unknown.
Specimens examined. [HAINAN] Holotype, male, Muji Village, Yinggeling National NR, Hainan Province, China, 22.X.2005, Wei Xiong leg. (HUNAU); Paratypes, [HAINAN] 1 male, same data to holotype (SCAU); [JIANGXI] Guixi County (Yingtan City, Mts. Wuyishan, Jiangxi/Fujian border, Xipaihejia village, 1500 m, 27˚54’N, 117˚20’E): 22 males, June 2003, Siniaev & his team leg. (MWM, one with GP 8979); 6 males, June 2003, Siniaev & his team leg. (MWM, one of them with GP 8979); 1 male, April to June 2004, Siniaev & his team leg. (MWM); 1 male, April 2004, Siniaev & his team leg. (MWM); 3 males, July 2004, Siniaev & his team leg. (MWM); 3 males, June 2005, Siniaev & his team leg. (MWM); Yingtan City (Mt. Wuyishan, Jiangxi-Fujian border, 50 km southeast of Yingtan, 1600 m, 27˚56’N, 117˚25’E): 19 males, May 2002, Siniaev & local collectors leg. (MWM, one with GP 8979); 1 male, June 2002, Siniaev & local collectors leg. (MWM, GP 9480).
Bionomics. The larval host is unknown.
Etymology. The species name is dedicated to Mr. Wei Xiong, who collected the holotype.
Distribution. Mainland China (Jiangxi, Fujian) and Hainan Island.
Remarks. Chu & Wang (1993, 1996) misidentified this species and the next as T. brunnea (Wileman, 1911), which they recorded from Hainan, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces. However, T. brunnea is a Taiwanese endemic.
14. Triuncina daii Xing Wang & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (FIGURES 10 B, 10E)
Ocinara brunnea Wileman, 1911: Chu & Wang, 1993, Sinozoologia, 10: 229; Chu & Wang, 1996, Fanuna Sinica Insect, 5: 39. Misidentification (in part).
Type locality: Nanling National NR, Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province, China.
Diagnosis. Very similar to T. brunnea, but can be distinguished by the following characters: uncus fingershaped and less than 1/2 length of the socii; valva longer than uncus, slender and slightly curved; saccus long and slender, slightly swollen apically.
Description. Male wingspan: 32–34 mm; forewing length: 15–17 mm; antenna: 5–7 mm; body: 17–19 mm.
Head. Reddish brown; antenna bipectinate to tip with 28–30 flagellomeres.
Thorax. Forewing brownish-yellow; costal margin with two dark spots; antemedial line double and unclear; medial line double and wavy; apex blunt; below apex a dark oblique transverse stripe. Hindwing darker; transverse lines not so obvious; inner margin with a long brown and yellow stripe. Underside of forewing darker, with vague transverse lines; underside of hindwing with discal cell with a small black spot; tornus with reddish brown spot; fringes reddish brown.
Abdomen. Long and robust.
Male genitalia. Sternite 8 polygonal, posterior margin strongly concave medially, V-shaped, each side with a sharply ventrally-recurved acute hook; postero-lateral margins with two laterally directed slightly curved acute hooks; anterior margin with two short and apically rounded processes. Tergite 8 posterior margin rounded; anterior margin medially shallowly concave, both sides turned outwards and up. Uncus finger-shaped, apically rounded and less than 1/2 length of the socii; socii elongated and blade-like, the apex slightly recurved; tegumen broad; valva broad basally, sickle-shaped distally, only reaching uncus base, basal apodemes of valvae with scattered bristles; saccus slender, length almost equal to valva, apically slightly inflated; aedeagus thin, basally concave, distally apex slightly curved, with curved cornuti laterally; vesica internally with small scoli.
Female. Unknown.
Specimens examined. [GUANGDONG] Holotype, male, Nanling National NR, Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province, China, 15.III.2002, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (HUNAU). Paratypes, [GUANGDONG] Ruyuan County (Nanling National NR): 2 males, 3.VI.2001, Min Wang leg. (SCAU); 2 males, 22.VI.2003, Min Wang & Guo-Hua Huang leg. (HUNAU & KUM); 1 male, 18.VI.2004, Min Wang & Guo-Hua Huang leg. (HUNAU); 3 male, 20.VI.2004, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (SCAU); 1 male, 30.VIII.2003, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (KUM); 2 males, 31.V.2006, Liu-Sheng Chen leg. (SCAU); 5 males, 21.VI.2008, Min Wang & Hou-Shuai Wang leg. (SCAU); 4 males, 25.VI.2008, Min Wang & Hou Shuai Wang leg. (SCAU); Yingde County (Shimentai National NR): 3 males, 18.IV.2003, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (HUNAU).
Bionomics. The larval host is unknown.
Etymology. The species name is dedicated to Dr. Liang-Ying Dai, the first author’s supervisor from 2010 to 2012.
Distribution. Mainland China (Guangdong).
Remarks. This species has been collected only from Guangdong province. See also the remarks under T. xiongi.
15. Triuncina diaphragma (Mell, 1958) (FIGURES 9 E–9G, 10F)
Ocinara diaphragma Mell, 1958, Dt. Ent. Z., 5: 210. TL: [China] “Mahntsishan (N-Kuangtung, 25˚N)”. Holotype: male (ZMHU) [examined].
Ocinara nitidoidea Chu & Wang, 1993, Sinozoologia, 10: 232. TL: Fujian, China. Synonymized by Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009
Diagnosis. Very similar to T. xiongi, but can be distinguished by the following characters: inner margin of hindwing slightly angled at tornus; uncus longer than broadly rounded socii; saccus shorter and not apically swollen.
Specimens examined. [FUJIAN] Wuyishan City (Wuyishan National NR): 1 male, May 2002, Siniaev & local collectors leg. (MWM); [GUANGXI] Longsheng County: 1 male, Jiangdi Town, 400–500 m, 22.VIII.2012, Min Wang leg. (SCAU).
Bionomics. The larval host is Morus alba Linn., 1753.
Distribution. Mainland China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi), Vietnam.
Remarks. This species was placed in genus Ocinara by Mell (1958) and specimens from China were described by Chu & Wang (1993) as Ocinara nitidoidea, which was later synonymized by Zolotuhin & Witt in 2009.
16. Triuncina nitida (Chu & Wang, 1993), comb. nov. (FIGURES 9 H, 10G)
Ocinara nitida Chu & Wang, 1993, Sinozoologia, 10: 231. TL: Yunnan, China.
Diagnosis. Very similar to T. brunnea, but can be distinguished by the following characters: hindwing tornus edged with yellow; uncus bifurcate; valva wider and terminating in two hooks; saccus short.
Specimens examined. [YUNNAN] Yongsheng County: 1 male, holotype, 7.VII.1984, Da-Jun Liu leg. (IZCAS); Simao County: 1 male, paratype, 7.V.1980, Lin-Yao Wang leg. (IZCAS) (Notes: Those two specimens were not examined, the data was taken from the original description). MYANMAR (Burma): 1 male, 21 km E Putao, Nan Sa Bon village, 550 m, 1–5.V.1998, Murzin & Sinjaev leg. (MWM).
Bionomics. The larval host is unknown.
Distribution. Mainland China (Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand.
Remarks. So far, the holotype and paratype are the only specimens that have been collected from China. The species is here recorded from Myanmar for the first time.
description: Published as part of Wang, Xing, Wang, Min, Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Hirowatari, Toshiya, Wu, Shipher & Huang, Guo-Hua, 2015, The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 3989 (1) on pages 26-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/238716