Acanthopulvinaria orientalis
Creators: name: Moghaddam, Masumeh
name: Watson, Gillian W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Acanthopulvinaria
Acanthopulvinaria orientalis

description: Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov)
(Fig. 11, Plate 1E, distribution map Fig. 88E)
Pulvinaria orientalis Nasonov, 1908: 493. Pulvinaria discoidalis Hall, 1923: 16. Rhizopulvinaria iljiniae Danzig, 1972: 341.
Field characteristics: The live adult female secretes a large, very convex ovisac from the rear end of the body; this pushes the body upwards so that most of it is held almost vertical to the surface of the host (Borchsenius 1952b).
Microscopic diagnosis: Dorsum. Derm entirely membranous. Setae small, bluntly spinose and scattered. Pores small, sparse throughout. Preopercular pores oval or circular, numbering 21−51 in elongate group just anterior to anal plates. Tubular ducts and duct tubercles absent. Anal cleft fairly short. Anal plates each with 3 apical or subapical setae and a subdiscal seta. Anal ring with 6 setae.
Margin. Marginal setae spinose, conical with blunt apices, present in single row, each side with 8–17 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas; those setae situated closest to anal cleft slightly longer than others. A row of submarginal spinose setae similar to marginal setae but slightly narrower and longer, present immediately inside row of marginal setae, each side with 5–8 present between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas. Stigmatic setae, if differentiated, slightly smaller than marginal setae.
Venter. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 (rarely 7) loculi, present in dense group around ano-genital fold; a few also present mediolaterally on most preceding abdominal segments. Spiracular disc-pores mostly each with 5 loculi, present in band between each spiracle and margin. Microducts present throughout. Tubular ducts of 3 types: (i) a duct with inner ductules 2 or 3 times as long as outer ductule; present in a broad submarginal band from anal cleft anteriorly to about level with antennae; (ii) a larger duct, with inner ductule as wide as outer ductule, present within submarginal band; (iii) a duct about same size as type (i) but with no inner ductule, present on submedian areas. Long pregenital setae absent, but small setae present medially on pregenital segment; with 4–6 pairs of setae between antennal bases. Legs well developed; each claw with a small denticle; digitules subequal in length and all finely knobbed. Antennae each with 8 or 9 segments.
Distribution: Acanthopulvinaria orientalis is known from 14 countries in the Palaearctic region including Iran (García Morales et al. 2016), where it is found in Azarbaijan -e Gharbi, Esfahan, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Kerman, Khorasan -e Jounobi, Khorasan -e Razavi, Khorasan -e Shomali, Kurdistan, Markazi, Semnan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran and Yazd provinces (Moghaddam 2013).
Host-plants: The scale has been recorded on host-plants in 17 genera belonging mostly to the family Amarathaceae, but there are some records on members of the Asteraceae, Chonopodiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae and Tamaricaceae (García Morales et al. 2016). In Iran, it has been recorded on: Halocnemum strobilaceum, Haloxylon sp., Noaea sp. and Salsola oppositifolia (Amaranthaceae); Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae); Ephedra sp. (Ephedraceae); Amygdalus lycioides (Rosaceae); Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) and Daphne sp. (Thymelaeaceae) (Moghaddam 2013).
Economic importance: Not of any economic importance in Iran.
Natural enemies: None recorded in Iran.
description: Published as part of Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W., 2024, The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families, pp. 1-202 in Zootaxa 5542 (1) on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14385386