cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photochemistry of metal coordination complexes: metal to ligand charge transfer excited states
Creators: name: Meyer, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: Systematic variations appear in the photophysical and
photochemical properties of MLCT excited states which can be accounted for
qualitatively or even quantitatively based on the properties of the molecules and of the surrounding medium.
Safe Controller Optimization for Quadrotors with Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Berkenkamp, Felix
name: Schoellig, Angela P.
name: Krause, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the most fundamental problems when designing controllers for dynamic systems is the tuning of the controller parameters. Typically, a model of the system is used to obtain an initial controller, but ultimately the controller parameters must be tuned manually on the real system to achieve the best performance. To avoid this manual tuning step, methods from machine learning, such as Bayesian optimization, have been used. However, as these methods evaluate different controller parameters on the real system, safety-critical system failures may happen. In this paper, we overcome this problem by applying, for the first time, a recently developed safe optimization algorithm, SafeOpt, to the problem of automatic controller parameter tuning. Given an initial, low-performance controller, SafeOpt automatically optimizes the parameters of a control law while guaranteeing safety. It models the underlying performance measure as a Gaussian process and only explores new controller parameters whose performance lies above a safe performance threshold with high probability. Experimental results on a quadrotor vehicle indicate that the proposed method enables fast, automatic, and safe optimization of controller parameters without human intervention.
description: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2016. 6 pages, 4 figures. A video of the experiments can be found at http://tiny.cc/icra16_video . A Python implementation of the algorithm is available at https://github.com/befelix/SafeOpt
title: Hydrogen Peroxide Poisoning: An Unusual Cause of Portal Venous Gas
Creators: name: Arnfield, Evyn
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: CT
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen
subject: Toxicity

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To examine a case study of hydrogen peroxide poisoning and identify the pertinent radiographic...
Quantum-enhanced multi-parameter estimation for unitary photonic systems
Creators: name: Liu, Nana
name: Cable, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise device characterization is a fundamental requirement for a large range of applications using photonic hardware, and constitutes a multi-parameter estimation problem. Estimates based on measurements using single photons or classical light have precision which is limited by shot-noise, while quantum resources can be used to achieve sub-shot-noise precision. However, there are many open questions with regard to the best quantum protocols for multi-parameter estimation, including the ultimate limits to achievable precision, as well as optimal choices for probe states and measurements. In this paper, we develop a formalism based on Fisher information to tackle these questions for set-ups based on linear-optical components and photon-counting measurements. A key ingredient of our analysis is a mapping for equivalent protocols defined for photonic and spin systems, which allows us to draw upon results in the literature for general finite-dimensional systems. Motivated by the protocol in X.-Q. Zhou, et al., Optica 2, 510 (2015), we present new results for quantum-enhanced tomography of unitary processes, including a comparison of Holland-Burnett and NOON probe states.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
An improved bound on the Hausdorff dimension of Besicovitch sets in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Creators: name: Katz, Nets Hawk
name: Zahl, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that any Besicovitch set in $\mathbb{R}^3$ must have Hausdorff dimension at least $5/2+ε_0$ for some small constant $ε_0>0$. This follows from a more general result about the volume of unions of tubes that satisfy the Wolff axioms. Our proof grapples with a new "almost counter example" to the Kakeya conjecture, which we call the $SL_2$ example; this object resembles a Besicovitch set that has Minkowski dimension 3 but Hausdorff dimension $5/2$. We believe this example may be an interesting object for future study.
description: 65 pages, 11 figures. v3: Incorporates referee suggestions
Agency matters: Building a case for the inclusion of food sovereignty as an integral component of public health nutrition research and practice
Creators: name: Hart, Adante
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019
Subjects: Food sovereignty
Public health
Food security in literature

description: Food security has been a dominant theme in discourses on food systems within the field of public health. While a food security framework helps us better understand how access to nutritious food impacts one’s health, it does not take into account the underlying politics, power dynamics, and history that have influenced food systems. The concept of food sovereignty, introduced by small-scale peasant farmers, is one such way to address these factors. Though there exists overlap between food security and food sovereignty, the latter promotes agency as a key component of more just and equitable food systems.

Through this publication, the author considers the importance of food sovereignty in food systems work and makes a case for the inclusion of a food sovereignty approach in public health and nutrition research, practice, and discourse. The author does this through a review of the relevant literature related to food security, food sovereignty, and public health. This review is followed by an analysis of three efforts to combat food insecurity that are rooted in a food sovereignty paradigm, using a 5A’s of Food Security (5A) framework.

These efforts, and others like it, show promise in effecting a paradigm shift in the way society address food insecurity and hunger. Despite lacking a wealth of empirical data linking food sovereignty approaches to improved health outcomes, these efforts have shown success in improving many proximal and distal determinants of health. The fruits of such efforts make the case for further discussion and investigation into the connections between food sovereignty and public health.
title: Limiting Over-Diagnosis of Hepatic Incidentalomas: A Focus on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography
Creators: name: Dulku, Gurjeet
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To emphasize the relevance of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in characterizing incidental focal liver lesions (IFLLs). 2. An evidence-based algorithm is developed, recommending management outline for IFFLs in patients without relevant risk...
Fluctuations of flow harmonics in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV from the Glauber model
Creators: name: Rybczynski, Maciej
name: Broniowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the Glauber model as implemented in GLISSANDO 2, we study the fluctuations of flow harmonics in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV. The model with wounded nucleons and the admixture of binary collisions leads to reasonable agreement for the ellipticity and triangularity fluctuations with the experimental data from the ATLAS, ALICE, and CMS collaborations, verifying the assumption that the initial eccentricity is approximately proportional to the harmonic flow of charged particles. While the agreement, in particular at the level of event-by-event distributions of eccentricities/flow coefficients in not perfect, it leads to a fair (at the level of a few percent for all centralities except the most peripheral collisions) description of the scaled standard deviation and the F measure which involve the four-particle cumulants. We also discuss the case of quadrangular flow. Computer scripts that generate our results from the GLISSANDO 2 simulations are provided.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, misprint in Eq. (4) corrected
On the discretized sum-product problem
Creators: name: Guth, Larry
name: Katz, Nets Hawk
name: Zahl, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a new proof of the discretized ring theorem for sets of real numbers. As a special case, we show that if $A\subset\mathbb{R}$ is a $(δ,1/2)_1$-set in the sense of Katz and Tao, then either $A+A$ or $A.A$ must have measure at least $|A|^{1-\frac{1}{68}}$
description: 13 pages, 0 figures. v3: final version, to appear in IMRN
Export processing zones : creating human rights blind spots
Creators: name: Doosselaere, Candice : Van
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: foreign trade regulation
human rights
international obligations
trade
ethics

description: Second semester University: Ca' Foscari University of Venice.
description: This paper will analyze Export Processing Zones (EPZs), a mechanism created by developing states namely to attract foreign investment and increase their export earnings. An economic analysis will bring to light the reasons explaining why the very concept of EPZs has often not had the economic benefits expected. The economic analysis will then criticize the free market ideology behind EPZs. This will be followed and is directly linked to the numerous human rights abuses that can be found as a result of the creation of export zones. These violations will then be confronted to the human rights obligations of States and explanations for why States do not comply with and enforce human rights on their territories will be proposed. Finally I will look at a possible solution for assuring greater compliance by introducing human rights conditions in International Trade Law. The basis of the research and analysis is made from a legal perspective. Nonetheless, elements of economy, politics, and philosophy are introduced throughout the essay because of the inherently interdisciplinary aspect of human rights and more specifically of this thesis that analyzes an aspect of the link between the international economic system and human rights.
Optical-Flow based Self-Supervised Learning of Obstacle Appearance applied to MAV Landing
Creators: name: Ho, H. W.
name: De Wagter, C.
name: Remes, B. D. W.
name: de Croon, G. C. H. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monocular optical flow has been widely used to detect obstacles in Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) during visual navigation. However, this approach requires significant movement, which reduces the efficiency of navigation and may even introduce risks in narrow spaces. In this paper, we introduce a novel setup of self-supervised learning (SSL), in which optical flow cues serve as a scaffold to learn the visual appearance of obstacles in the environment. We apply it to a landing task, in which initially 'surface roughness' is estimated from the optical flow field in order to detect obstacles. Subsequently, a linear regression function is learned that maps appearance features represented by texton distributions to the roughness estimate. After learning, the MAV can detect obstacles by just analyzing a still image. This allows the MAV to search for a landing spot without moving. We first demonstrate this principle to work with offline tests involving images captured from an on-board camera, and then demonstrate the principle in flight. Although surface roughness is a property of the entire flow field in the global image, the appearance learning even allows for the pixel-wise segmentation of obstacles.
description: This manuscript is submitted to Robotics and Autonomous Systems
title: A Retrospective Review to Assess Volumetric and Dosimetric Change in OAR During IMRT/VMAT for HN Cancer
Creators: name: Najim, Maria
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Cone beam CT
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: The delivery of IMRT relies on effective immobilization devices and the main factor contributing to interfractional variability is treatment related volume changes. Previous studies have documented reduction of the parotid gland (PG) volume with...
Norbert Lüdecke, Die Grundnormen des kirchlichen Lehrrechts in den päpstlichen Gesetzbüchern und neueren Äußerungen in päpstlicher Autorität
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 51 Nr. 10 (1997): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 51, Heft 10
Switching quantum reference frames in the N-body problem and the absence of global relational perspectives
Creators: name: Vanrietvelde, Augustin
name: Hoehn, Philipp A.
name: Giacomini, Flaminia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the importance of quantum reference frames (QRFs) to both quantum and gravitational physics, it is pertinent to develop a systematic method for switching between the descriptions of physics relative to different choices of QRFs, which is valid in both fields. Here we continue with such a unifying approach, begun in arxiv:1809.00556, whose key ingredient is a symmetry principle, which enforces physics to be relational. Thanks to gauge related redundancies, this leads to a perspective-neutral structure which contains all frame choices at once and via which frame perspectives can be consistently switched. Formulated in the language of constrained systems, the perspective-neutral structure is the constraint surface classically and the gauge invariant Hilbert space in the Dirac quantized theory. By contrast, a perspective relative to a specific frame corresponds to a gauge choice and the associated reduced phase and Hilbert space. QRF changes thus amount to a gauge transformation. We show that they take the form of `quantum coordinate changes'. We illustrate this in a general mechanical model, namely the relational $N$-body problem in 3D space with rotational and translational symmetry. This model is especially interesting because it features the Gribov problem so that globally valid gauge fixing conditions, and hence relational frame perspectives, are absent. The constraint surface is topologically non-trivial and foliated by 3-, 5- and 6-dimensional gauge orbits, where the lower dimensional orbits are a set of measure zero. The $N$-body problem also does not admit globally valid canonically conjugate pairs of Dirac observables. These challenges notwithstanding, we exhibit how one can construct the QRF transformations for the 3-body problem. Our construction also sheds new light on the generic inequivalence of Dirac and reduced quantization through its interplay with QRF perspectives.
description: 34 pages + appendices, 3 figures. Accepted by Quantum
title: Diagnostic Accuracy of PE on CTPA: Is there a difference in diagnostic accuracy between registrar and consultant reports?
Creators: name: Varatharajah, Kapilan
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Education
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is now widely used and accepted as a gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) [1]. Missed diagnoses of PE can lead to significant morbidity and mortality and conversely, over...
EVOLUÇÃO CLÍNICA DOS CASOS DE INFECÇÃO POR COVID-19 EM NEOPEDIATRIA: SCOPING REVIEW
Creators: name: Costa, Thatiane
name: Santos, Kauanny
name: Rocha, Rodrigo
name: Oliveira, Eloysa
name: Dantas, Rodrigo
name: Dantas, Daniele
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Este estudo objetiva mapear o conhecimento acerca dos achados clínicos, tratamento e desfecho de recém-nascidos e crianças infectadas por COVID-19. Revisão de escopo conforme orientações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e protocolo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Realizado busca em oito bases de dados e em buscador eletrônico no mês de abril de 2020.
title: Top 10 Helpful Measurements and Scoring System for Neurodegenerative Brain MRI Interpretation
Creators: name: Di Muzio, Bruno
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Observer performance
subject: Dementia

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this project is to review useful and relevant measurements and scoring systems related to the everyday interpretation of MRI studies obtained of the brain for the assessment of neurodegenerative...
Threshold for tDCS
Creators: name: Berryman, Carolyn
name: Hordacre, Brenton
name: Goldsworthy, Mitchell
name: Ridding, Michael
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: tDCS

description: This study aims to establish whether the online effects of tDCS on corticospinal excitability are: (1) influenced by tDCS intensity; (2) reliable within an individual between sessions; and (3) associated with the offline effects of tDCS on corticospinal excitability.
Individual Fairness in Hindsight
Creators: name: Gupta, Swati
name: Kamble, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since many critical decisions impacting human lives are increasingly being made by algorithms, it is important to ensure that the treatment of individuals under such algorithms is demonstrably fair under reasonable notions of fairness. One compelling notion proposed in the literature is that of individual fairness (IF), which advocates that similar individuals should be treated similarly (Dwork et al. 2012). Originally proposed for offline decisions, this notion does not, however, account for temporal considerations relevant for online decision-making. In this paper, we extend the notion of IF to account for the time at which a decision is made, in settings where there exists a notion of conduciveness of decisions as perceived by the affected individuals. We introduce two definitions: (i) fairness-across-time (FT) and (ii) fairness-in-hindsight (FH). FT is the simplest temporal extension of IF where treatment of individuals is required to be individually fair relative to the past as well as future, while in FH, we require a one-sided notion of individual fairness that is defined relative to only the past decisions. We show that these two definitions can have drastically different implications in the setting where the principal needs to learn the utility model. Linear regret relative to optimal individually fair decisions is inevitable under FT for non-trivial examples. On the other hand, we design a new algorithm: Cautious Fair Exploration (CaFE), which satisfies FH and achieves sub-linear regret guarantees for a broad range of settings. We characterize lower bounds showing that these guarantees are order-optimal in the worst case. FH can thus be embedded as a primary safeguard against unfair discrimination in algorithmic deployments, without hindering the ability to take good decisions in the long-run.
title: Efficacy and Feasibility of a Home Based Exercise Program for Reducing Cancer Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Curative Radiotherapy: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Zissiadis, Yvonne
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Acceptance testing
subject: Athletic injuries

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Background . Cancer related fatigue (CRF) is the most commonly reported adverse side effect of cancer treatment and is estimated to affect between 70-100% of patients1,2. The persistent tiredness associated with CRF is experienced during and after...
A Hubble Space Telescope Study of the Enigmatic Milky Way Halo Globular Cluster Crater
Creators: name: Weisz, Daniel R.
name: Koposov, Sergey E.
name: Dolphin, Andrew E.
name: Belokurov, Vasily
name: Gieles, Mark
name: Mateo, Mario L.
name: Olszewski, Edward W.
name: Sills, Alison
name: Walker, Matthew G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the resolved stellar populations of the faint stellar system, Crater, based on deep optical imaging taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. The HST/ACS-based color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of Crater extends $\sim$4 magnitudes below the oldest main sequence turnoff, providing excellent leverage on Crater's physical properties. Structurally, Crater has a half-light radius of $\sim$20 pc and shows no evidence for tidal distortions. Crater is well-described by a simple stellar population with an age of $\sim$7.5 Gyr, [M/H]$\sim-1.65$, a M$_{\star}\sim10^4$ M$_{\odot}$, M$_{\rm V}\sim -5.3$, located at a distance of d$\sim$ 145 kpc, with modest uncertainties in these properties due to differences in the underlying stellar evolution models. The sparse sampling of stars above the turnoff and sub-giant branch are likely to be 1.0-1.4 M$_{\odot}$ binary star systems (blue stragglers) and their evolved descendants, as opposed to intermediate age main sequence stars. Confusion of these populations highlights a substantial challenge in accurately characterizing sparsely populated stellar systems. Our analysis shows that Crater is not a dwarf galaxy, but instead is an unusually young cluster given its location in the Milky Way's very outer stellar halo. Crater is similar to SMC cluster Lindsay 38, and its position and velocity are in good agreement with observations and models of the Magellanic stream debris, suggesting it may have accreted from the Magellanic Clouds. However, its age and metallicity are also in agreement with the age-metallicity relationships of lower mass dwarf galaxies such as Leo I or Carina. Despite uncertainty over its progenitor system, Crater appears to have been incorporated into the Galaxy more recently than $z\sim1$ (8 Gyr ago), providing an important new constraint on the accretion history of the Milky Way. [abridged]
description: 9 pages, 11 Figures. Submitted to ApJ. Comments welcome
title: CT Intravenous Urography at an Australian Tertiary Academic Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Creators: name: Chen, Xiao
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: RIS
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: To determine the diagnostic yield of CT urography in patients who underwent MDCT IVU at a single tertiary teaching hospital in...
Push button reproduction attempt of a research claim from Lui et al. (2015)
Creators: name: Somo, Angela
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Consumers feel more appreciated by a firm when they receive a verbal acknowledgment rather than a similarly worded financial acknowledgment with trivializing compensation (H1). This reflects the following statement from the paper's abstract: “This article demonstrates that, indeed, a financial acknowledgment (defined as an acknowledgment with a monetary benefit) can lead to less positive outcomes than offering a verbal acknowledgment (defined as an acknowledgment without a monetary benefit), a phenomenon termed the “trivialization effect.”” The claim is tested with data from hotel guests who were asked to write a review of their stay. Participants saw a note that either thanked them (verbal acknowledgment condition) or thanked them and gave them $.05 (financial acknowledgment condition). The dependent variable was how appreciated participants felt as a result of the firm’s actions. A one-way ANOVA of condition (verbal vs financial acknowledgment) was used to test the claim. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that participants who received an acknowledgment with $.05 felt significantly less appreciated than participants who received an acknowledgment without $.05 (M = 4.38 vs. M = 5.57; F(1, 47) = 8.50, p = .005), in support of H1.
Generalized homology and Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence in crystalline symmetry protected topological phenomena
Creators: name: Shiozaki, Ken
name: Xiong, Charles Zhaoxi
name: Gomi, Kiyonori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases with crystalline symmetry are formulated by equivariant generalized homologies $h^G_n(X)$ over a real space manifold $X$ with $G$ a crystalline symmetry group. The Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence unifies various notions in crystalline SPT phases such as the layer construction, higher-order SPT phases and Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type theorems. Our formulation is applicable to interacting systems with onsite and crystalline symmetries as well as free fermions.
description: 66 pages, many figures and tables
SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LATERITIC SOILS IN CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD EMBANKMENTS (THE CASE OF NEJO-MENDI)
Creators: name: GEMECHIS ADULA DUGUMA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Embankments are key elements in the development of structures such as dams and roads in infrastructure. Residual soils are generally used as fills in the construction of embankments in areas where residual soils are the dominant soil types, such as lateritic soil. The characteristics of lateritic soils are that they lose their shear strength under fully saturated conditions and their properties vary from region to region. The chemical composition and the environment influence the property of the soil. In such soils, the binding agent iron oxide changes its composition with time and in the presence of moisture. Failures of lateritic-based embankments have been observed, and found to be safe with a high safety factor. This study is carried out to investigate the stability of embankments with sudden loss of strength when they are completely saturated.
Measurement-driven entanglement transition in hybrid quantum circuits
Creators: name: Li, Yaodong
name: Chen, Xiao
name: Fisher, Matthew P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we continue to explore "hybrid" quantum circuit models in one-dimension with both unitary and measurement gates, focussing on the entanglement properties of wavefunction trajectories at long times, in the steady state. We simulate a large class of Clifford circuits, including models with or without randomness in the unitary gates, and with or without randomness in the locations of measurement gates, using stabilizer techniques to access the long time dynamics of systems up to 512 qubits. In all models we find a volume law entangled phase for low measurement rates, which exhibits a sub-dominant logarithmic behavior in the entanglement entropy, $S_A = α \ln |A| + s|A|$, with sub-system size $|A|$. With increasing measurement rate the volume law phase is unstable to a disentangled area law phase, passing through a single entanglement transition at a critical rate of measurement. At criticality we find a purely logarithmic entanglement entropy, $S_A = α(p_c) \ln|A|$, a power law decay and conformal symmetry of the mutual information, with exponential decay off criticality. Various spin-spin correlation functions also show slow decay at criticality. Critical exponents are consistent across all models, indicative of a single universality class. These results suggest the existence of an effective underlying statistical mechanical model for the entanglement transition. Beyond Clifford circuit models, numerical simulations of up to 20 qubits give consistent results.
description: 30 pages, 28 figures. Published version, w/ updated discussion, acknowledgement, and references
Decomposition of Brownian loop-soup clusters
Creators: name: Qian, Wei
name: Werner, Wendelin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of Brownian loop-soup clusters in two dimensions. Among other things, we obtain the following decomposition of the clusters with critical intensity: When one conditions a loop-soup cluster by its outer boundary $γ$ (which is known to be an SLE(4)-type loop), then the union of all excursions away from $γ$ by all the Brownian loops in the loop-soup that touch $γ$ is distributed exactly like the union of all excursions of a Poisson point process of Brownian excursions in the domain enclosed by $γ$. A related result that we derive and use is that the couplings of the Gaussian Free Field (GFF) with CLE(4) via level-lines (by Miller-Sheffield), of the square of the GFF with loop-soups via occupation times (by Le Jan), and of the CLE(4) with loop-soups via loop-soup clusters (by Sheffield and Werner) can be made to coincide. An instrumental role in our proof of this fact is played by Lupu's description of CLE(4) as limits of discrete loop-soup clusters.
description: To appear in J. Europ. Math. Soc
A Kakeya maximal function estimate in four dimensions using planebrushes
Creators: name: Katz, Nets Hawk
name: Zahl, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We obtain an improved Kakeya maximal function estimate in $\mathbb{R}^4$ using a new geometric argument called the planebrush. A planebrush is a higher dimensional analogue of Wolff's hairbrush, which gives effective control on the size of Besicovitch sets when the lines through a typical point concentrate into a plane. When Besicovitch sets do not have this property, the existing trilinear estimates of Guth-Zahl can be used to bound the size of a Besicovitch set. In particular, we establish a maximal function estimate in $\mathbb{R}^4$ at dimension $3.059$. As a consequence, every Besicovitch set in $\mathbb{R}^4$ must have Hausdorff dimension at least $3.059$.
description: 40 pages 2 figures. v2: revised based on referee's comments. In v1, the Nikishin-Pisier-Stein factorization theorem was stated (and used) incorrectly. This version corrects the problem by introducing several new arguments. The new argument leads to a Kakeya maximal function estimate at dimension 3.059, which is slightly worse than the previously claimed exponent 3.0858
The effects of objective and subjective non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive performance
Creators: name: Fassi, Luisa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Neuroscience
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: cognitive enhancement
subject: Executive functions
subject: Gf
subject: NIBS
subject: non-invasive brain stimulation
subject: tDCS
subject: tRNS

description: This project investigates the effects of objective and subjective non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive performance. To our knowledge, no study has yet assessed whether participants' subjective belief about having received neurostimulation exerts an effect on the investigated outcome measure. Here, we address this question by examining data collected on four-hundred healthy subjects that underwent an eleven-day computer-based cognitive training in combination with either real or sham neurostimulation. Subjects in the stimulation condition either received transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Data collection was carried out as part of a controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study design by different research teams representing the University of Oxford, the Harvard Medical School, Honeywell, and Northeastern University.
New Kakeya estimates using Gromov's algebraic lemma
Creators: name: Zahl, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents several new results related to the Kakeya problem. First, we establish a geometric inequality which says that collections of direction-separated tubes (thin neighborhoods of line segments that point in different directions) cannot cluster inside thin neighborhoods of low degree algebraic varieties. We use this geometric inequality to obtain a new family of multilinear Kakeya estimates for direction-separated tubes. Using the linear / multilinear theory of Bourgain and Guth, these multilinear Kakeya estimates are converted into Kakeya maximal function estimates. Specifically, we obtain a Kakeya maximal function estimate in $\mathbb{R}^n$ at dimension $d(n) = (2-\sqrt{2})n + c(n)$ for some $c(n)>0$. Our bounds are new in all dimensions except $n=2,3,4,$ and $6$.
description: 35 pages, 0 figures. v4: typos corrected. Final version, to appear in Adv. Math
title: Oesophageal and Gastric Carcinoma Staging: An Algorithmic Approach
Creators: name: Dulku, Gurjeet
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: CT
subject: PET-CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Cancer
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To appreciate the imaging criteria for TNM staging. 2. To understand the accuracy of imaging staging of oesophageal (OC) and gastric cancer (GC). 3. To apply the strength and weakness of imaging modalities in development of a sequential...
Neighbor discovery latency in BLE-like duty-cycled protocols
Creators: name: Kindt, Philipp
name: Saur, Marco
name: Balszun, Michael
name: Chakraborty, Samarjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neighbor discovery is the procedure using which two wireless devices initiate a first contact. In low power ad-hoc networks, radios are duty-cycled and the latency until a packet meets a reception phase of another device is determined by a random process. Most research considers slotted protocols, in which the points in time for reception are temporally coupled to beacon transmissions. In contrast, many recent protocols, such as ANT/ANT+ and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) use a slotless, periodic-interval based scheme for neighbor discovery. Here, one device periodically broadcasts packets, whereas the other device periodically listens to the channel. Both periods are independent from each other and drawn over continuous time. Such protocols provide 3 degrees of freedom (viz., the intervals for advertising and scanning and the duration of each scan phase). Though billions of existing BLE devices rely on these protocols, neither their expected latencies nor beneficial configurations with good latency-duty-cycle relations are known. Parametrizations for the participating devices are usually determined based on a "good guess". In this paper, we for the first time present a mathematical theory which can compute the neighbor discovery latencies for all possible parametrizations. Further, our theory shows that upper bounds on the latency can be guaranteed for all parametrizations, except for a finite number of singularities. Therefore, slotless, periodic interval-based protocols can be used in applications with deterministic latency demands, which have been reserved for slotted protocols until now. Our proposed theory can be used for analyzing the neighbor discovery latencies, for tweaking protocol parameters and for developing new protocols.
title: Resident Understanding of the Appropriate Use of Medical Imaging Resources
Creators: name: McDonald, Kent
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: CT
subject: Mammography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Radiological investigations are an attractive and increasingly utilised resource for ruling in or out pathology. Junior doctors have frequent contact with radiologists and the opportunity to learnthe cost effective useand potential risks of...
Neutron fluctuations: the importance of being delayed
Creators: name: Houchmandzadeh, Bahram
name: Dumonteil, Eric
name: Mazzolo, Alain
name: Zoia, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutron population in a nuclear reactor is subject to fluctuations in time and in space due to the competition of diffusion by scattering, births by fission events, and deaths by absorptions. As such, fission chains provide a prototype model for the study of spatial clustering phenomena. In order for the reactor to be operated in stationary conditions at the critical point, the population of prompt neutrons instantaneously emitted at fission must be in equilibrium with the much smaller population of delayed neutrons, emitted after a Poissonian time by nuclear decay of the fissioned nuclei. In this work, we will show that the delayed neutrons, although representing a tiny fraction of the total number of neutrons in the reactor, have actually a key impact on the fluctuations, and their contribution is very effective in quenching the spatial clustering.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Cauchy transform and uniform approximation by polynomial modules
Creators: name: Yang, Liming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a compact subset $K$ of the complex plane $\mathbb C,$ let $C(K)$ denote the algebra of continuous functions on $K$. For an open subset $U \subset K,$ let $A(K,U) \subset C(K)$ be the algebra of functions that are analytic in $U.$ We show that there exists $ϕ\in A(K,U)$ so that each $f\in A(K,U)$ can uniformly be approximated by $\{p_n + q_nϕ\}$ on $K$, where $p_n$ and $q_n$ are analytic polynomials in $z$. In particular, $ϕ$ can be chosen as a Cauchy transform of a finite positive measure $η$ compactly supported in $\mathbb C \setminus U.$ Recent developments of analytic capacity and Cauchy transform provide us useful tools in our proofs.
description: 22 pages. To appear in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
Empowerment versus Competence Based Gender Interventions: Meeting Intersectional Needs
Creators: name: Wong, Edwina
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: diversity
subject: ethnicity
subject: inclusion
subject: intersectionality
subject: interventions
subject: race
subject: women

description: Building on the results of the previous studies, we conduct an experiment focusing on whether a gender diversity intervention tailored to the racialized gender stereotypes of different ethnic groups of women engender success among participants. This will be a 3x3 quasi experiment, involving 3 ethnic groups of women (White, Asian, Black ) and 3 levels of women's initiatives (empowerment-focused, competence-focused, baseline). After being exposed to gender initiatives, participants will fill in scales related to intervention success (e.g., career engagement, perceived inclusion, perceived relevance and success) and the extent to which the intervention was congruent to stereotypes that participants experience. Participants will be recruited through online survey platforms.
The SFR-M* Relation and Empirical Star-Formation Histories from ZFOURGE at 0.5 < z < 4
Creators: name: Tomczak, Adam R.
name: Quadri, Ryan F.
name: Tran, Kim-Vy H.
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Straatman, Caroline M. S.
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Allen, Rebecca
name: Brammer, Gabreil B.
name: Cowley, Michael
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Elbaz, David
name: Inami, Hanae
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Morrison, Glenn E.
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Persson, S. Eric
name: Rees, Glen A.
name: Salmon, Brett
name: Schreiber, Corentin
name: Spitler, Lee R.
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore star-formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies based on the evolution of the star-formation rate stellar mass relation (SFR-M*). Using data from the FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey (ZFOURGE) in combination with far-IR imaging from the Spitzer and Herschel observatories we measure the SFR-M* relation at 0.5 < z < 4. Similar to recent works we find that the average infrared SEDs of galaxies are roughly consistent with a single infrared template across a broad range of redshifts and stellar masses, with evidence for only weak deviations. We find that the SFR-M* relation is not consistent with a single power-law of the form SFR ~ M*^a at any redshift; it has a power-law slope of a~1 at low masses, and becomes shallower above a turnover mass (M_0) that ranges from 10^9.5 - 10^10.8 Msol, with evidence that M_0 increases with redshift. We compare our measurements to results from state-of-the-art cosmological simulations, and find general agreement in the slope of the SFR-M* relation albeit with systematic offsets. We use the evolving SFR-M* sequence to generate SFHs, finding that typical SFRs of individual galaxies rise at early times and decline after reaching a peak. This peak occurs earlier for more massive galaxies. We integrate these SFHs to generate mass-growth histories and compare to the implied mass-growth from the evolution of the stellar mass function. We find that these two estimates are in broad qualitative agreement, but that there is room for improvement at a more detailed level. At early times the SFHs suggest mass-growth rates that are as much as 10x higher than inferred from the stellar mass function. However, at later times the SFHs under-predict the inferred evolution, as is expected in the case of additional growth due to mergers.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ: 16 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Resolving the delta Andromedae spectroscopic binary with direct imaging
Creators: name: Bottom, Michael
name: Kuhn, Jonas
name: Mennesson, Bertrand
name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Shelton, Jean C.
name: Wallace, J. Kent
name: Serabyn, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a direct image of the innermost companion to the red giant delta Andromedae using the Stellar Double Coronagraph at the Palomar Observatory. We use a Markov chain Monte Carlo based algorithm to simultaneously reduce the data and perform astrometry and photometry of the companion. We determine that the companion is most likely a main-sequence K-type star and is certainly not the previously hypothesized white dwarf.
description: ApJ, accepted. 10 pages, 3 figures
Turnover Among Nurses Working in the Caribbean: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Rolle Sands, Shamel
name: Estabrooks, Carole
name: Gellatly, Ian
name: Salami, Bukola
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Caribbean
subject: health human resources
subject: nursing workforce
subject: retention
subject: turnover

description: Healthcare systems in the Caribbean like many countries struggle to provide essential services due to inadequate nursing personnel primarily resulting from vacancies left by the turnover of nurses. However, most of the turnover literature focuses on the United States, the United Kingdom and various European countries. The purpose of this review is to map and summarize the body of empirical and grey literature about nurse turnover/retention in the Caribbean, and identify key themes and knowledge gaps. This scoping review will employ the methodological framework as proposed by Arskey and O’Malley (2005) and advanced by Colquhoun et al., (2014) and Levac and O’Brien (2010). Critical insights from our study will inform the development of future research, which address specific, relevant questions about nurse turnover in the Caribbean.