cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Determination of quadrupole strengths in the gamma*p-->Delta(1232) transition at Q2= 0.20 (GeV/c)2
Creators: name: Sparveris, N. F.
name: Achenbach, P.
name: Gayoso, C. Ayerbe
name: Baumann, D.
name: Bernauer, J.
name: Bernstein, A. M.
name: Bohm, R.
name: Bosnar, D.
name: Botto, T.
name: Christopoulou, A.
name: Dale, D.
name: Ding, M.
name: Distler, M. O.
name: Doria, L.
name: Friedrich, J.
name: Karabarbounis, A.
name: Makek, M.
name: Merkel, H.
name: Muller, U.
name: Nakagawa, I.
name: Neuhausen, R.
name: Nungesser, L.
name: Papanicolas, C. N.
name: Piegsa, A.
name: Pochodzalla, J.
name: Potokar, M.
name: Seimetz, M.
name: Sirca, S.
name: Stave, S.
name: Stiliaris, S.
name: Walcher, Th.
name: Weis, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new precise p$(\vec{e},e^\prime p)π^0$ measurements at the peak of the $Δ^{+}(1232)$ resonance at $Q^2=\unit[0.20](GeV/c)^2$ performed at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). The new data are sensitive to both the electric quadrupole ($E2$) and the coulomb quadrupole ($C2$) amplitudes of the $γ^* N\toΔ$ transition. They yield precise quadrupole to dipole amplitude ratios CMR $= (-5.09 \pm 0.28_{stat+sys}\pm 0.30_{model})%$ and EMR $= (-1.96 \pm 0.68_{stat+sys} \pm 0.41_{model})%$ for $M^{3/2}_{1+} = (39.57 \pm 0.75_{stat+sys}\pm 0.40_{model})(10^{-3}/m_{π^+})$. The new results are in disagreement with Constituent Quark Model predictions and in qualitative agreement with models that account for mesonic contributions, including recent Lattice calculations. They thus give further credence to the conjecture of deformation in hadronic systems favoring the attribution of the origin of deformation to the dominance of mesonic effects.
description: 2 figures
Assessing organization performance in public sector systems: lessons from Canada's MAF and New Zealand's PIF
Creators: name: Allen, Barbara
name: Lindquist, Evert
name: Eppel, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2024

description: Performance frameworks established by central agencies for monitoring organisational performance have been instituted by surprisingly few governments. The empirical literature focuses largely on policy and program performance systems in government whereas comprehending organizational performance and capacity issues has received much less attention This chapter focuses on relatively rare and relatively recent efforts to introduce organization-performance systems, and explores the implications for practice, theory, and research. Two approaches are compared, namely Canada’s Management Accountability Framework and New Zealand’s Performance Improvement Framework. We ask, for example, what have we learned about organizational-level performance improvement and performance management systems initiated by central governments thus far? The chapter looks at how these two organizational-performance approaches fit into the large array of ‘performance systems’ (Bouckaert & Halligan, 2008) found in the Canadian and New Zealand governments. These two systems are surprisingly and intriguingly different from each other.
Desert, equality and justice
Creators: name: Kalmansson, Jón Ásgeir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this essay I argue that pre-institutional desert is relevant to the notion of distributive justice. My argument is in two main parts. First I show how the notion of pre institutional desert can be given sufficient grounding. I argue that there is a clear distinction between desert and entitlement. Desert, unlike entitlement, is not created by satisfying certain conditions laid down in a system of rules or regulations. Thus, desert is a natural moral notion, prior to institutions and rules, and a standard by which such institutions and rules may be judged. Second, I show how conceptions of distributive justice which exclude pre-institutional desert, in particular the theories of John Rawls, Ronald Dwarkin and Thomas Nagel, are mistaken. Rawls' main objection to the pre-institutional conception of desert is that desert claims are always ultimately based on circumstances or characteristics over which the agent has no control, and are therefore morally arbitrary. My main response to this is to deny that moral value is beyond all luck. Moral agents, although never in control "all the way down", may properly be morally evaluated for characteristics which they have not voluntarily acquired, in particular if these characteristics are combined with effort or contribution. According to egalitarians such as Dworkin and Nagel, each person's life matters equally, and hence everyone should get an equal share of the community's resources. This view conflicts with the differentiations imposed by desert. My main criticism of the egalitarian doctrine is that it unreasonably assumes that each person's life has equal moral value because impersonal value is somehow the predominant consideration in the evaluation of a person's human worth. I argue that, on the contrary, the importance of a person's life cannot be evaluated without reference to the greater or lesser value that person has for others. A plausible account of moral worth must bring together the impartial, and the partial value of the person. Thus, I conclude that even from the standpoint of politics, the interests of members of the community do not matter equally.
Nutrition patterns of households in the Taabo HDSS, South-Central Côte d’Ivoire: A pilot study
Creators: name: C.A. Houngbedji
name: A. Galli
name: J. Utzinger
name: B. Bonfoh
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective: This study was carried out to determine current nutritional practices in south-central Côte d’Ivoire.
Methodology: Eight households, four from a village and four from a town were investigated. Participatory
observation provided insights on the exact preparation methods of meals, food distribution and hygiene
standards of the cook. Taboos and local beliefs connected to food, diets of vulnerable household members
including child nursing practices, and the origin of the food products were assessed using a semi-structured
interview and focus groups. Food availability in the localities was estimated through a market visit.
Results: A diverse range of food is available and prepared. Vegetable consumption per individual is rather low and hand washing practices before eating have room for improvement. Protein products derived from animals are given in preference to elderly people and adults, whereas children receive small portions or leftovers. Fruits are mostly consumed by children and elderly people. Taboos related to forbidden foods relate mostly to wild animal sourced protein. Poor hygiene practices (inadequate hand washing) before eating were found.
Conclusion: This study provides a good base for planning larger, quantitative studies for which it could serve as a guide.
The universal cover of a monomial triangular algebra without multiple arrows
Creators: name: Meur, Patrick Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G10

description: Let A be a basic connected finite dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field k. Assuming that A is monomial and that the ordinary quiver Q of A has no oriented cycle and no multiple arrows, we prove that A admits a universal cover with group the fundamental group of the underlying space of Q.
description: Revised version: the introduction was entirely modified. To appear in Journal of Algebra and its Applications
Transformer-based approach towards music emotion recognition from lyrics
Creators: name: Agrawal, Yudhik
name: Shanker, Ramaguru Guru Ravi
name: Alluri, Vinoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The task of identifying emotions from a given music track has been an active pursuit in the Music Information Retrieval (MIR) community for years. Music emotion recognition has typically relied on acoustic features, social tags, and other metadata to identify and classify music emotions. The role of lyrics in music emotion recognition remains under-appreciated in spite of several studies reporting superior performance of music emotion classifiers based on features extracted from lyrics. In this study, we use the transformer-based approach model using XLNet as the base architecture which, till date, has not been used to identify emotional connotations of music based on lyrics. Our proposed approach outperforms existing methods for multiple datasets. We used a robust methodology to enhance web-crawlers' accuracy for extracting lyrics. This study has important implications in improving applications involved in playlist generation of music based on emotions in addition to improving music recommendation systems.
description: Appearing in Proceedings of the 43rd European Conference On Information Retrieval (ECIR) 2021
The 6C** sample of steep-spectrum radio sources: I - Radio data, near-infrared imaging and optical spectroscopy
Creators: name: Cruz, Maria J.
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Blundell, Katherine M.
name: Rawlings, Steve
name: Croft, Steve
name: Kloeckner, Hans-Rainer
name: McLure, Ross J.
name: Simpson, Chris
name: Targett, Thomas A.
name: Willott, Chris J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present basic observational data on the 6C** sample. This is a new sample of radio sources drawn from the 151 MHz 6C survey, which was filtered with radio criteria chosen to optimize the chances of finding radio galaxies at z > 4. The filtering criteria are a steep-spectral index and a small angular size. The final sample consists of 68 sources from a region of sky covering 0.421 sr. We present VLA radio maps, and the results of K-band imaging and optical spectroscopy. Near-infrared counterparts are identified for 66 of the 68 sources, down to a 3-sigma limiting magnitude of K ~ 22 mag in a 3-arcsec aperture. Eight of these identifications are spatially compact, implying an unresolved nuclear source. The K-magnitude distribution peaks at a median K=18.7 mag, and is found to be statistically indistinguishable from that of the similarly selected 6C* sample, implying that the redshift distribution could extend to z > 4. Redshifts determined from spectroscopy are available for 22 (32 per cent) of the sources, over the range of 0.2 < z < 3.3 . We measure 15 of these, whereas the other 7 were previously known. Six sources are at z > 2.5. Four sources show broad emission lines in their spectra and are classified as quasars. Three of these show also an unresolved K-band identification. Eleven sources fail to show any distinctive emission and/or absorption features in their spectra. We suggest that these could be (i) in the so-called `redshift desert' region of 1.2 < z < 1.8, or (ii) at a greater redshift, but feature weak emission line spectra.
description: 22 pages, 17 figures in .png format. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Full size/resolution figures can be found at http://www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk/~mjc/6cds.html
Ergodicity and mixing of W*-dynamical systems in terms of joinings
Creators: name: Duvenhage, Rocco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L55

description: We study characterizations of ergodicity, weak mixing and strong mixing of W*-dynamical systems in terms of joinings and subsystems of such systems. Ergodic joinings and Ornstein's criterion for strong mixing are also discussed in this context.
description: v1: 9 pages. v2: Extended by 2 sections (Sections 3 and 5), with small changes/corrections elsewhere and a more descriptive title; 22 pages. v3: Improved results in Sections 4 and 5; 24 pages
Chemical diversity among A-B stars with low rotational velocities: non-LTE abundance analysis
Creators: name: Mashonkina, L.
name: Ryabchikova, T.
name: Alexeeva, S.
name: Sitnova, T.
name: Zatsarinny, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present accurate element abundance patterns based on the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE, NLTE) line formation for 14 chemical elements from He to Nd for a sample of nine A9 to B3 type stars with well determined atmospheric parameters and low rotational velocities. We constructed new model atom of Zr II-III and updated model atoms for Sr II and Ba II by implementing the photoionization cross sections from calculations with the Dirac B-spline R-matrix method. The NLTE abundances of He to Fe in the stars HD~17081, HD~32115, HD~160762, and HD~209459 are found to be consistent with the solar abundances, and HD~73666 being a Blue Struggler does not reveal deviations from chemical composition of the Praesepe cluster. Three of these stars with an effective temperature of lower than 10500~K have supersolar abundances of Sr, Zr, Ba, and Nd, and our results suggest the presence of a positive correlation between stellar effective temperature and abundance. For each star, enhancement of Ba is higher than that for any other heavy element. We propose that the solar Ba abundance is not representative of the galactic Ba abundance at modern epoch. The status of HD~145788 was not clarified: this star has solar abundances of C to Si and enhancements of Sr to Ba similar to that for superficially normal stars of similar temperature, while overabundant Ca, Ti, and Fe. The NLTE abundances of Vega support its status of a mild lambda~Bootis star.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Risk factors of livestock loss and its impact on pastoralists’ mental health
Creators: name: F.  Sena Nuvey
name: P.  Nortey
name: A Addo-Lartey
name: B. Sarfo
name: K. Kreppel
name: G. Fokou
name: D. Ameme
name: E. Kenu
name: S. Sackey
name: K. Addo
name: D. Chibanda
name: E. Afari
name: B. Bonfoh
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: This study aims to identify the root causes of livestock losses and their influence on the mental health of livestock farmers.
Methods: We used a mixed method study in two districts in northern and southern Ghana to assess the mental health of 287 livestock owners. We evaluated factors that explained variations in mental wellbeing of the livestock farmers.
Results: Livestock were lost mainly to animal diseases (76%), theft (42%) and pasture shortages (23%) costing each pastoralist averagely USD 1500, USD 600 and USD 300, respectively, per year. The majority of livestock owners (60%) had poor mental health, which was mainly influenced by their experience of stressful events, attachment to livestock and livestock lost levels. Surprisingly, though the main source of livestock loss, animal diseases did not significantly influence mental health compared to other key loss-factors. Qualitative analytic findings also revealed a common practice of farmers selling diseased cows for meat to recover losses.
Conclusion: The apparent insignificant influence on mental wellbeing of loss to diseases may be due to its
potential medium-to-long term impact and the opportunity to recover finances through sales. Further research is needed to evaluate local performance of veterinary services in Ghana and measures implemented to promote human and animal health.
On maximal diagonalizable Lie subalgebras of the first Hochschild cohomology
Creators: name: Meur, Patrick Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G10

description: Let A be a basic connected finite dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field k and with ordinary quiver Q without oriented cycle. To any presentation of A by quiver and admissible relations, Martinez-Villa and de La Pena have associated the fundamental group of the presentation. Assem and de La Pena have constructed an injective mapping from the additive characters of this fundamental group (with values in the ground field) to the first Hochschild cohomology group HH^1(A). We study the image of these mappings associated to the different presentations of A in terms of diagonalizable Lie subalgebras of HH^1(A). Then we characterise the maximal diagonalisable subalgebras of HH^1(A) when A is monomial and Q has no multiple arrows and also when car(k)=0 and Q has no double bypass.
description: The title was changed to better fit the objectives of the text and the introduction was changed accordingly. Typos were corrected
The Role of Radiolysis in the Modelling of C$_{2}$H$_{4}$O$_{2}$ Isomers and Dimethyl Ether in Cold Dark Clouds
Creators: name: Paulive, Alec
name: Shingledecker, Christopher N.
name: Herbst, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been detected in a variety of interstellar sources. The abundances of these COMs in warming sources can be explained by syntheses linked to increasing temperatures and densities, allowing quasi-thermal chemical reactions to occur rapidly enough to produce observable amounts of COMs, both in the gas phase, and upon dust grain ice mantles. The COMs produced on grains then become gaseous as the temperature increases sufficiently to allow their thermal desorption. The recent observation of gaseous COMs in cold sources has not been fully explained by these gas-phase and dust grain production routes. Radiolysis chemistry is a possible non-thermal method of producing COMs in cold dark clouds. This new method greatly increases the modeled abundance of selected COMs upon the ice surface and within the ice mantle due to excitation and ionization events from cosmic ray bombardment. We examine the effect of radiolysis on three C$_{2}$H$_{4}$O$_{2}$ isomers -- methyl formate (HCOOCH$_3$), glycolaldehyde (HCOCH$_2$OH), and acetic acid (CH$_3$COOH) -- and a chemically similar molecule, dimethyl ether (CH$_3$OCH$_3$), in cold dark clouds. We then compare our modelled gaseous abundances with observed abundances in TMC-1, L1689B, and B1-b.
description: 12 pages, 6 Figures, 5 tables, 33 numbered equations
Hydrostatic Modeling of the Integrated Soft X-Ray and EUV Emission in Solar Active Regions
Creators: name: Warren, Harry P.
name: Winebarger, Amy R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many studies of the solar corona have shown that the observed X-ray luminosity is well correlated with the total unsigned magnetic flux. In this paper we present results from the extensive numerical modeling of active regions observed with the \textit{Solar and Heliospheric Observatory} (\textit{SOHO}) Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope (EIT), the \textit{Yohkoh} Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), and the \textit{SOHO} Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI). We use potential field extrapolations to compute magnetic field lines and populate these field lines with solutions to the hydrostatic loop equations assuming steady, uniform heating. Our volumetric heating rates are of the form $ε_H\sim \bar{B}^α/L^β$, where $\bar{B}$ is the magnetic field strength averaged along a field line and $L$ is the loop length. Comparisons between the observed and simulated emission for 26 active regions suggest that coronal heating models that scale as $ε_H\sim \bar{B}/L$ are in the closest argreement the observed emission at high temperatures. The field-braiding reconnection model of Parker, for example, is consistent with our results. We find, however, that the integrated intensities alone are insufficent to uniquely determine the parameterization of the volumetric heating rate. Visualizations of the emission are also needed. We also find that there are significant discrepancies between our simulation results and the lower temperature emission observed in the EIT channels.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; Replaced problem figure
Kinetics of viral self-assembly: the role of ss RNA antenna
Creators: name: Hu, Tao
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A big class of viruses self-assemble from a large number of identical capsid proteins with long flexible N-terminal tails and ss RNA. We study the role of the strong Coulomb interaction of positive N-terminal tails with ss RNA in the kinetics of the in vitro virus self-assembly. Capsid proteins stick to unassembled chain of ss RNA (which we call "antenna") and slide on it towards the assembly site. We show that at excess of capsid proteins such one-dimensional diffusion accelerates self-assembly more than ten times. On the other hand at excess of ss RNA, antenna slows self-assembly down. Several experiments are proposed to verify the role of ss RNA antenna.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, several experiments are proposed, a new idea of experiment is added
Strong zero-field Förster resonances in K-Rb Rydberg systems
Creators: name: Otto, J. Susanne
name: Kjærgaard, Niels
name: Deb, Amita B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study resonant dipole-dipole coupling and the associated van der Waals energy shifts in Rydberg excited atomic rubidium and potassium and investigate Förster resonances between interspecies pair states. A comprehensive survey over experimentally accessible pair state combinations reveals multiple candidates with small Förster defects. We crucially identify the existence of an ultrastrong, "low" electric field K-Rb Förster resonance with a extremely large zero-field crossover distance exceeding 100 $μ$m between the van der Waals regime and the resonant regime. This resonance allows for a strong interaction over a wide range of distances and by investigating its dependence on the strength and orientation of external fields we show this to be largely isotropic. As a result, the resonance offers a highly favorable setting for studying long-range resonant excitation transfer and entanglement generation between atomic ensembles in a flexible geometry. The two-species K-Rb system establishes a unique way of realizing a Rydberg single-photon optical transistor with a high-input photon rate and we specifically investigate an experimental scheme with two separate ensembles.
Classical c=1 Tachyon Scattering and 1/2-BPS Correlators
Creators: name: Tai, Ta-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the correlator of chiral primary operators in $\Ncal$=4 super Yang-Mills theory in large $N$ limit. Through the free fermion picture, we map the gauge group rank and R-charges in SYM to the Fermi level and tachyon momenta, respectively, in the c=1 matrix model. By doing so, it is seen that half-BPS correlators are reproduced by tree-level tachyon scattering amplitudes.
description: 7 pages, v2: typos corrected and a reference added, v3: PTP version
Red meat consumption and its association with hyperlipidemia and hypertension among adult Maasai pastoralists of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania
Creators: name: EJ  Diarz
name: B.J Ngowi
name: B John
name: S.L Kivuyo
name: S.G Mfinanga
name: R.N Philemon
name: S.E Msuya
name: B.  Bonfoh
name: M.J Mahande
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: To determine the magnitude of hyperlipidemia and hypertension and their association with red meat consumption among adult Maasai pastoralists of Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania.
Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study for one month in October 2018. A multistage
random sampling was used to select 914 participants from 7 villages in 3 wards within Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Data was summarized using frequencies and percentage for categorical while mean with SD were used for continuous. Chi-square statistics was applied to check for differences between sets of covariates and outcomes. The crude PR with 95% CI for factors associated with hypertension and hyperlipidemia was estimated using Ordinal and Bayesian logistic regression models, respectively.
Results: The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 23.7%, being higher among male than female participants
(29.0% vs. 20.1%, p=0.002).The prevalence of hypertensive was higher compared with elevated BP (34.0% vs. 12.8%). Both were higher among males than females (hypertensive [39.6% vs. 30.1%]; elevated BP [15.3% vs. 11.0%], p<0.001). Odds for hypertension and hyperlipidemia were higher across levels of red meat consumption where further analysis in ongoing to confirm the results
Conclusion: The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and hypertension were high among this sub-population and both had positive association with red meat consumption.
Next-leading BFKL effects in forward-jet production at HERA
Creators: name: Kepka, O.
name: Marquet, C.
name: Peschanski, R.
name: Royon, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that next-leading logarithmic (NLL) Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) effects can be tested by the forward-jet cross sections recently measured at HERA. For dσ/dx, the NLL corrections are small which confirms the stability of the BFKL description. The triple differential cross section dσ/dxdk_T^2dQ^2 is sensitive to NLL effects and opens the way for an experimental test of the full BFKL theoretical framework at NLL accuracy.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, NLL-BFKL saddle-point approximation now compared with exact integration, version to appear in PLB
The mobile phone as a free-rotation laboratory
Creators: name: Wheatland, Michael S.
name: Murphy, Tara
name: Naoumenko, Daniel
name: van Schijndel, Daan
name: Katsifis, Georgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern mobile phones contain a three-axis microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope, capable of taking accurate measurements of the angular velocity along the three principal axes of the phone with a sampling rate of 100 Hz or better. If the phone is tossed in the air, then, neglecting air resistance, it is in free rotation (rotation in the absence of a torque) with respect to its centre of mass, and the phone's gyroscope can be used to record the rotational dynamics. This enables experimental investigation of free rotation. In this paper, we use a mobile phone to demonstrate the steady states for rotation of the phone about two of its principal axes, and the instability in rotation about the third corresponding to the intermediate moment of inertia. We also show the approximate conservation of angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy during motion in the air, and compare the data with numerical solution of Euler's equations for free rotation. Our results demonstrate the capability of smartphones for investigating free rotation, and should be of interest to college and university teachers developing "at home" physics labs for remote learning.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in the American Journal of Physics
Plasma cytokine and chemokine signatures during acute infection but not convalescence distinguish between children with different levels of prior exposure to malaria.
Creators: name: NK Nyakoe
name: J Langhome
name: G Awandare
name: Y Bediako
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Cytokines are signaling molecules that mediate and regulate inflammatory responses. Hence, play an important role in malaria. Development of natural immunity is influenced by variations in exposure due to geographical differences in malaria transmission intensity. This study aimed to investigate cytokine responses during acute and recovering phases of malaria in children exposed to different transmission intensities.
Method: Children of ages 5-14 years were enrolled from two regions of Ghana with distinct malaria transmission intensities: Accra (low transmission) and Kintampo (high transmission). Magnetic bead based assay was used to determine plasma levels of 25 cytokines during infection (D0) and convalescent phases (D7 and D21) and levels compared between the 2 sites.
Results: Cytokine levels were generally higher in low transmission area compared to high transmission area.
While most cytokines measured appeared to depend on malaria parasites for induction, only four cytokines were associated with parasite levels. Cytokine correlation revealed signatures distinguishing the two transmission areas and an interesting signature associated with asymptomatic parasitemia in a subset of children from the high transmission area with detectable parasitemia at D21.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that cytokine responses during active malaria infection differ significantly between individuals with different levels of prior exposure to malaria and are not maintained during convalescence.
Note on Dark Energy and Cosmic Transit in a scale-invariance cosmology
Creators: name: Ahmed, Nasr
name: Kamel, Tarek M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In general, the laws of physics are not invariant under a change of scale. To find out whether the 'scale-invariance hypothesis' corresponds to nature or not, a careful examination to its implications is required. As a consequence, the scale-invariance cosmological models need to be carefully checked with many tests in order to confirm or disconfirm them. In this paper, three different toy models have been introduced in the framework of a scale-invariance cosmology to examine dark energy and cosmic transit. Although cosmic transit exists in the three models, the pressure stays always negative during cosmic evolution. In addition, there is always a singularity in the evolution of the equation of state parameter which is not suitable for a complete investigation of dark energy evolution. The undesirable features of the parameters have been discussed, and a comparison with other cosmological contexts has been done.
Modulational Instability of Nonlinearly Interacting Incoherent Sea States
Creators: name: Shukla, P. K.
name: Marklund, M.
name: Stenflo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modulational instability of nonlinearly interacting spatially incoherent Stokes waves is analyzed. Starting from a pair of nonlinear Schroedinger equations, we derive a coupled set of wave-kinetic equations by using the Wigner transform technique. It is shown that the partial coherence of the interacting waves induces novel effects on the dynamics of crossing sea states.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, to appear in JETP Letters
Characterization of the reproductive behavior of the natural population of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae in Senegal.
Creators: name: O.K Gueye
name: E.A Niang
name: M.B Faye
name: A.A Ahmad
name: A.K Dia
name: F. Tripet
name: A. Diabate
name: C. Wondji
name: I Dia
name: L Konate
name: O. Faye
name: O. Gaye
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Background
The main malaria vector in Africa, Anopheles gambiae s.s., was originally considered as one species with two different forms M and S. These are now considered to be two separate species Anopheles coluzzii and
Anopheles gambiae, respectively. In areas where they coexist, hybrids (mosquitoes which have features of
each species) are very rare or absent except in some areas of Senegal where a high hybrid rate was found. Our aim is to study how the reproduction behavior influence the separation of the two species.
Methods
This study was done in south and center of Senegal during the 2018 raining season. The places where
mosquitoes regroups to reproduce were surveyed and mosquitoes were caught once these had been located.
The mosquitoes resting inside habitations were also caught in the same period to see the frequency of the
two species and their hybrids in these areas.
Results
These two species reproduce separately, with Anopheles coluzzii mating over various landmarks and
Anopheles gambiae mating mainly over bare ground. The height and time of mating varied and occurred at the time of sun set for both species.
Conclusion
This study shows a barrier of reproduction between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae in Senegal..
Towards an integrated conceptual framework for understanding intersecting gender inequities in scientific career progression in higher education institutions in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Liani, Millicent
name: Nyamongo, Isaac K.
name: Tolhurst, Rachel
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: The slow progression and under-representation of women in senior scientific career positions is a well-known and persistent global problem, especially among university-based academics, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To inform action for change, we need to go beyond numerical evidence of inequalities to understanding the underlying social, cultural and institutional drivers and processes producing gender inequities in science careers. This requires a theoretically rigorous gender analysis framework that is relevant to SSA and sufficiently accounts for variations among both women and men. Since no such framework is available, we conducted a literature review of emerging theories and empirical evidence on the dimensions of and reasons for the prevailing gender inequities in higher education institutions in SSA. Based on this, we propose an integrated conceptual framework, which we have applied to the available empirical findings to test it for ‘fit’ and to develop a preliminary explanation of observed inequities. Our findings demonstrate that women (lack of) progression in academic/scientific careers is shaped by intersections between gender roles and social power relations of gender within the family, wider society and academic institutions themselves. We argue that this integrated model provides implications for theory, practice at institutional and policy level, and future research.
Rod-like Polyelectrolyte Brushes with Mono- and Multivalent Counterions
Creators: name: Fazli, H.
name: Golestanian, R.
name: Hansen, P. L.
name: Kolahchi, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of rod-like polyelectrolyte brushes in the presence of monovalent and multivalent counterions but with no added-salt is studied using Monte Carlo simulation. The average height of the brush, the histogram of rod conformations, and the counterion density profile are obtained for different values of the grafting density of the charge-neutral wall. For a domain of grafting densities, the brush height is found to be relatively insensitive to the density due to a competition between counterion condensation and inter-rod repulsion. In this regime, multivalent counterions collapse the brush in the form of linked clusters. Nematic order emerges at high grafting densities, resulting is an abrupt increase of the brush height.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
The use of restricted mean time lost under competing risks data
Creators: name: Lyu, Jingjing
name: Hou, Yawen
name: Chen, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Under competing risks, the commonly used sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) is not easy to interpret clinically and is valid only under the proportional sub-distribution hazard (SDH) assumption. This paper introduces an alternative statistical measure: the restricted mean time lost (RMTL). Methods: First, the definition and estimation methods of the measures are introduced. Second, based on the differences in RMTLs, a basic difference test (Diff) and a supremum difference test (sDiff) are constructed. Then, the corresponding sample size estimation method is proposed. The statistical properties of the methods and the estimated sample size are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations, and these methods are also applied to two real examples. Results: The simulation results show that sDiff performs well and has relatively high test efficiency in most situations. Regarding sample size calculation, sDiff exhibits good performance in various situations. The methods are illustrated using two examples. Conclusions: RMTL can meaningfully summarize treatment effects for clinical decision making, which can then be reported with the SDH ratio for competing risks data. The proposed sDiff test and the two calculated sample size formulas have wide applicability and can be considered in real data analysis and trial design.
Annika Jokiaho (2018). Didaktische E-Learning-Szenarien für die Hochschullehre. Ludwigsburger Hochschulschriften. Band 13 der Reihe TRANSFER. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren.
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Therese E.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
Group field theory formulation of 3d quantum gravity coupled to matter fields
Creators: name: Oriti, Daniele
name: Ryan, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new group field theory describing 3d Riemannian quantum gravity coupled to matter fields for any choice of spin and mass. The perturbative expansion of the partition function produces fat graphs colored with SU(2) algebraic data, from which one can reconstruct at once a 3-dimensional simplicial complex representing spacetime and its geometry, like in the Ponzano-Regge formulation of pure 3d quantum gravity, and the Feynman graphs for the matter fields. The model then assigns quantum amplitudes to these fat graphs given by spin foam models for gravity coupled to interacting massive spinning point particles, whose properties we discuss.
description: RevTeX; 28 pages, 21 figures
Unconditional Proof of the Boltzmann-Sinai Ergodic Hypothesis
Creators: name: Simanyi, Nandor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D50, 34D05

description: We consider the system of $N$ ($\ge2$) elastically colliding hard balls of masses $m_1,...,m_N$ and radius $r$ on the flat unit torus $\Bbb T^ν$, $ν\ge2$. We prove the so called Boltzmann-Sinai Ergodic Hypothesis, i. e. the full hyperbolicity and ergodicity of such systems for every selection $(m_1,...,m_N;r)$ of the external geometric parameters. The present proof does not use the formerly developed, rather involved algebraic techniques, instead it employs exclusively dynamical methods and tools from geometric analysis.
description: The paper is withdrawn due to an error
2019 Market Facilitation Program Available to Assist Producers Trade Disputes
Creators: name: Millet-Williams, Nerice
name: Goeringer, Paul
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: trade assistance
USDA
Market Facilitation Program
MFP
2019

description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) established the Market Facilitation Program (MFP) under Section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Charter Act in 2018. This section authorizes CCC to assist in the disposition of surplus commodities and to increase the domestic consumption of agricultural commodities by expanding or aiding in the expansion of domestic markets or by developing or aiding in the development of new and additional markets, marketing facilities and uses for such commodities. MFP provides direct payments to producers of specific products impacted by foreign tariffs. This program has been updated for 2019 to continue to assist growers impacted by trade disputes.
description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) established the Market Facilitation Program (MFP) under Section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Charter Act in 2018. This section authorizes CCC to assist in the disposition of surplus commodities and to increase the domestic consumption of agricultural commodities by expanding or aiding in the expansion of domestic markets or by developing or aiding in the development of new and additional markets, marketing facilities and uses for such commodities. MFP provides direct payments to producers of specific products impacted by foreign tariffs. This program has been updated for 2019 to continue to assist growers impacted by trade disputes.
Arbitrary linear transformations for photons in the frequency synthetic dimension
Creators: name: Buddhiraju, Siddharth
name: Dutt, Avik
name: Minkov, Momchil
name: Williamson, Ian A. D.
name: Fan, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Arbitrary linear transformations are of crucial importance in a plethora of photonic applications spanning classical signal processing, communication systems, quantum information processing and machine learning. Here, we present a new photonic architecture to achieve arbitrary linear transformations by harnessing the synthetic frequency dimension of photons. Our structure consists of dynamically modulated micro-ring resonators that implement tunable couplings between multiple frequency modes carried by a single waveguide. By inverse design of these short- and long-range couplings using automatic differentiation, we realize arbitrary scattering matrices in synthetic space between the input and output frequency modes with near-unity fidelity and favorable scaling. We show that the same physical structure can be reconfigured to implement a wide variety of manipulations including single-frequency conversion, nonreciprocal frequency translations, and unitary as well as non-unitary transformations. Our approach enables compact, scalable and reconfigurable integrated photonic architectures to achieve arbitrary linear transformations in both the classical and quantum domains using current state-of-the-art technology.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
2H-NMR studies of supercooled and glassy aspirin
Creators: name: Nath, R.
name: Geil, B.
name: Bohmer, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acetyl salicylic acid, deuterated at the methyl group, was investigated using 2H-NMR in its supercooled and glassy states. Just above the glass transition temperature the molecular reorientations were studied using stimulated-echo spectroscopy and demonstrated a large degree of similarity with other glass formers. Deep in the glassy phase the NMR spectra look similar to those reported for the crystal [A. Detken, P. Focke, H. Zimmermann, U. Haeberlen, Z. Olejniczak, Z. T. Lalowicz, Z. Naturforsch. A 50 (1995) 95] and below 20 K they are indicative for rotational tunneling with a relatively large tunneling frequency. Measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation times for temperatures below 150 K reveal a broad distribution of correlation times in the glass. The dominant energy barrier characterizing the slow-down of the methyl group is significantly smaller than the well defined barrier in the crystal.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Aktuelle Veröffentlichungen zum Themenfeld „Hochschule und Weiterbildung”
Creators: name: Ein Service Der Bibliothek Des DIE
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
State Transitions and the Continuum Limit for a 2D Interacting, Self-Propelled Particle System
Creators: name: Chuang, Yao-li
name: D'Orsogna, Maria R.
name: Marthaler, Daniel
name: Bertozzi, Andrea L.
name: Chayes, Lincoln S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a class of swarming problems wherein particles evolve dynamically via pairwise interaction potentials and a velocity selection mechanism. We find that the swarming system undergoes various changes of state as a function of the self-propulsion and interaction potential parameters. In this paper, we utilize a procedure which, in a definitive way, connects a class of individual-based models to their continuum formulations and determine criteria for the validity of the latter. H-stability of the interaction potential plays a fundamental role in determining both the validity of the continuum approximation and the nature of the aggregation state transitions. We perform a linear stability analysis of the continuum model and compare the results to the simulations of the individual-based one.
Struktur und Transparenz von Angeboten der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung an Hochschulen in Deutschland
Creators: name: Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung Und Fernstudium E.V.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
DGWF Vorstand kommentiert: Formate in der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung
Creators: name: Vierzigmann, Gabriele
name: Lehmann, Burkhard
name: Vergara, Silke
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
A Nearly Model-Independent Characterization of Dark Energy Properties as a Function of Redshift
Creators: name: Daly, Ruth A.
name: Djorgovski, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the acceleration of the universe and its cause is one of the key problems in physics and cosmology today, and is best studied using a variety of mutually complementary approaches. Daly and Djorgovski (2003, 2004) proposed a model independent approach to determine the expansion and acceleration history of the universe and a number of important physical parameters of the dark energy as functions of redshift directly from the data. Here, we apply the method to explicitly determine the first and second derivatives of the coordinate distance with respect to redshift and combine them to solve for the acceleration of the universe and the kinetic and potential energy density of the dark energy as functions of redshift. A data set of 228 supernova and 20 radio galaxy measurements with redshifts from zero to 1.79 is used for this study. The values we obtain are shown to be consistent with the values expected in a standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter model.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures