cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Coyote Universe II: Cosmological Models and Precision Emulation of the Nonlinear Matter Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Heitmann, Katrin
name: Higdon, David
name: White, Martin
name: Habib, Salman
name: Williams, Brian J.
name: Wagner, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The power spectrum of density fluctuations is a foundational source of cosmological information. Precision cosmological probes targeted primarily at investigations of dark energy require accurate theoretical determinations of the power spectrum in the nonlinear regime. To exploit the observational power of future cosmological surveys, accuracy demands on the theory are at the one percent level or better. Numerical simulations are currently the only way to produce sufficiently error-controlled predictions for the power spectrum. The very high computational cost of (precision) N-body simulations is a major obstacle to obtaining predictions in the nonlinear regime, while scanning over cosmological parameters. Near-future observations, however, are likely to provide a meaningful constraint only on constant dark energy equation of state 'wCDM' cosmologies. In this paper we demonstrate that a limited set of only 37 cosmological models -- the "Coyote Universe" suite -- can be used to predict the nonlinear matter power spectrum at the required accuracy over a prior parameter range set by cosmic microwave background observations. This paper is the second in a series of three, with the final aim to provide a high-accuracy prediction scheme for the nonlinear matter power spectrum for wCDM cosmologies.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, extensive additional explanations of the new concepts introduced in the paper, results unchanged
Evolution of fluctuations near QCD critical point
Creators: name: Stephanov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to describe the time evolution of quasi-stationary fluctuations near QCD critical point by a system of stochastic Boltzmann-Langevin-Vlasov-type equations. We derive the equations and study the system analytically in the linearized regime. Known results for equilibrium stationary fluctuations as well as the critical scaling of diffusion coefficient are reproduced. We apply the approach to the long-standing question of the fate of the critical point fluctuations during the hadronic rescattering stage of the heavy-ion collision after chemical freezeout. We find that if conserved particle number fluctuations survive the rescattering, so do, under a certain additional condition, the fluctuations of non-conserved quantities, such as mean transverse momentum. We derive a simple analytical formula for the magnitude of this "memory" effect.
description: 13 pages, as published, typos corrected, some definitions made more explicit
More Cappell-Shaneson spheres are standard
Creators: name: Gompf, Robert E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R60

description: Akbulut has recently shown that an infinite family of Cappell-Shaneson homotopy 4-spheres is diffeomorphic to the standard 4-sphere. In the present paper, a strictly larger family is shown to be standard by a simpler method. This new approach uses no Kirby calculus except through the relatively simple 1979 paper of Akbulut and Kirby showing that the simplest example with untwisted framing is standard. Instead, hidden symmetries of the original Cappell-Shaneson construction are exploited. In the course of the proof, we give an example showing that Gluck twists can sometimes be undone using symmetries of fishtail neighborhoods.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. This (v2) is essentially the published version, with minor mathematical improvements over v1
Universal efficiency at optimal work with Bayesian statistics
Creators: name: Johal, Ramandeep S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the work per cycle of a quantum heat engine is averaged over an appropriate prior distribution for an external parameter $a$, the work becomes optimal at Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency. More general priors of the form $Π(a) \propto 1/a^γ$ yield optimal work at an efficiency which stays close to CA value, in particular near equilibrium the efficiency scales as one-half of the Carnot value. This feature is analogous to the one recently observed in literature for certain models of finite-time thermodynamics. Further, the use of Bayes' theorem implies that the work estimated with posterior probabilities also bears close analogy with the classical formula. These findings suggest that the notion of prior information can be used to reveal thermodynamic features in quantum systems, thus pointing to a new connection between thermodynamic behavior and the concept of information.
description: revtex4, 5 pages, abstract changed and presentation improved; results unchanged. New result with Bayes Theorem added
Monitoring COVID-19 in Belgian general practice: A tool for syndromic surveillance based on electronic health records
Creators: name: Vos, Bénédicte
name: Debouverie, Laura
name: Doggen, Kris
name: Delvaux, Nicolas
name: Aertgeerts, Bert
name: De Schreye, Robrecht
name: Vaes, Bert
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: COVID-19 may initially manifest as flu-like symptoms. As such, general practitioners (GPs) will likely to play an important role in monitoring the pandemic through syndromic surveillance. To present a COVID-19 syndromic surveillance tool in Belgian general practices. We performed a nationwide observational prospective study in Belgian general practices. The surveillance tool extracted the daily entries of diagnostic codes for COVID-19 and associated conditions (suspected or confirmed COVID-19, acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness) from electronic medical records. We calculated the 7-day rolling average for these diagnoses and compared them with data from two other Belgian population-based sources (laboratory-confirmed new COVID-19 cases and hospital admissions for COVID-19), using time series analysis. We also collected data from users and stakeholders about the syndromic surveillance tool and performed a thematic analysis. 4773 out of 11,935 practising GPs in Belgium participated in the study. The curve of contacts for suspected COVID-19 followed a similar trend compared with the curves of the official data sources: laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and hospital admissions but with a 10-day delay for the latter. Data were quickly available and useful for decision making, but some technical and methodological components can be improved, such as a greater standardisation between EMR software developers. The syndromic surveillance tool for COVID-19 in primary care provides rapidly available data useful in all phases of the COVID-19 pandemic to support data-driven decision-making. Potential enhancements were identified for a prospective surveillance tool. Data extracted daily from electronic medical records can be used to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic in general practice. The Barometer provided rapidly available data to support data-driven decision-making. Improvements such as a greater standardisation were identified for a potential future tool using the same technology.
Character Varieties
Creators: name: Sikora, Adam S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 14L24, 57M50, 57M27

description: We study properties of irreducible and completely reducible representations of finitely generated groups Gamma into reductive algebraic groups G in in the context of the geometric invariant theory of the G-action on Hom(Gamma,G) by conjugation. In particular, we study properties of character varieties, X_G(Gamma)=Hom(Gamma,G)//G. We describe the tangent spaces to X_G(Gamma) in terms of first cohomology groups of Gamma with twisted coefficients, generalizing the well known formula. Let M be an orientable 3-manifold with a connected boundary F of genus > 1 and let X_G^g(F) be the subset of the G -character variety of F composed of conjugacy classes of good representations. By a theorem of Goldman, X_G^g(F) is a holomorphic symplectic manifold. We prove that the set of good G-representations of pi_1(F) which extend to representations of pi_1(M) is an isotropic submanifold of X_G^g(F). If these representations correspond to reduced points of the G-character variety of M then this submanifold is Lagrangian.
description: 34 pages, to appear in Transactions of AMS
Primary mental healthcare for adults with mild intellectual disabilities: Patients’ perspectives
Creators: name: Pouls, Katrien PM.
name: Mastebroek, Mathilde
name: Ligthart, Suzanne J.
name: Assendelft, Willem JJ.
name: Leusink, Geraline L.
name: Koks-Leensen, Monique CJ.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: People with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) experience more mental health (MH) problems than the general population but often do not receive appropriate primary MH care. Primary MH care is essential in integrative MH care and, therefore, demands high quality. To improve primary MH care for this patient group, account must be taken of the experiences of people with MID. So far, their perspectives have been largely absent from primary MH care research. To explore patients’ experiences, needs, and suggestions for improvement regarding primary MH care for people with MID. Qualitative study among adults with MID who visited their GP with MH problems in the previous 12 months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a guide based on Person-Centred Primary Care Measures. Transcripts were analysed thematically. The 11 interviews that we conducted revealed four themes. The first theme, cumulative vulnerability, describes the vulnerability – instigated by the MID and reinforced by MH problems – experienced on a GP visit. The other themes (needs regarding the GP, needs regarding the network, self-determination) arise from this vulnerability. People with both MID and MH problems are extra vulnerable in primary care but desire self-determination regarding their MH care trajectory. This requires investment in a good GP-patient relationship and the organisation of additional support to meet these patients’ needs, for which collaborative care with the patient, the patient’s network, and other (care) professionals is of utmost importance. People with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) feel more vulnerable visiting their GP with mental health (MH) problems than with somatic problems Patients with MH problems report additional needs and expectations regarding their care and support network GPs face challenges in coordinating care for patients with both MID and MH problems
Educational needs assessment for health advocate role in family medicine residency training in Turkey: A Delphi study
Creators: name: Demirören, Meral
name: Başer, Duygu Ayhan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Health advocacy (HA) involves purposeful actions to inform, mobilise, and organise activities to address social determinants of health affecting individuals or communities. It is a fundamental component of medical practice, deemed mandatory by professional and educational bodies. Therefore, including health advocacy training in pre- and post-graduate medical education is crucial. In this study, we aimed to determine the need for HA training for family physicians (FPs) based on expert opinions. We conducted a modified Delphi study with 105 academic experts and active FPs to explore HA training needs. Using a three-round technique, experts first answered five open-ended questions on HA competencies, teaching and assessment methods, learning environments, and integration in residency training. In the second round, statements from the responses were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, in the third round, statements below the 85% consensus level were revised and re-evaluated. The panel consisted of 41 experts (33 academicians, 8 practitioners) who accepted the invitation and completed the study. At the end of the three rounds, consensus was reached on 38 statements for HA competencies, 15 for teaching methods, 8 for assessment methods, and 20 for integration for HA training. Competencies for the HA role are very broad in perspective and show commonalities with the FPs’ ‘professional’, ‘expert’ and ‘leader’ roles. Longitudinally integration of the HA training into the national ‘Family Medicine Residency Training Core Curriculum’ through participatory processes and training of FM trainers in HA is strongly recommended. The competencies expected for the health advocacy role of the family physicians show commonalities with the family physicians’ ‘professional’, ‘expert’ and ‘leader’ roles. It is important to longitudinally integrate health advocacy training into the family medicine residency training core curriculum at the national level.
N=2 gauge theories and degenerate fields of Toda theory
Creators: name: Kanno, Shoichi
name: Matsuo, Yutaka
name: Shiba, Shotaro
name: Tachikawa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the correspondence between degenerate fields of the W_N algebra and punctures of Gaiotto's description of the Seiberg-Witten curve of N=2 superconformal gauge theories. Namely, we find that the type of degenerate fields of the W_N algebra, with null states at level one, is classified by Young diagrams with N boxes, and that the singular behavior of the Seiberg-Witten curve near the puncture agrees with that of W_N generators. We also find how to translate mass parameters of the gauge theory to the momenta of the Toda theory.
description: 23 pages,v2: minor corrections,published version
Exploring the experiences of GPs in establishing and operating the chronic disease management programme in clinical practice in Ireland. A qualitative study
Creators: name: Buckley, Stephen
name: Flynn, James O’
name: Foley, Tony
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: The management of chronic diseases, in the context of an ageing population and increasing life expectancy, is one of the major challenges facing the Irish health system. In 2020, a chronic disease management programme [CDM] was introduced in Irish general practice as part of a transformation in health policy to meet the changing needs of the population. To explore GPs’ experiences and perceptions of the impact of the introduction of CDM on general practice in Ireland. 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with GPs in clinical practice from across Ireland. GPs were purposefully recruited to capture the differing experiences faced by GPs in large and small practices in both urban and rural settings. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. GPs were enthusiastic about aspects of CDM, which they felt provided an improved framework for their approach to the management of chronic diseases. However, they described several challenges to implementation, especially around capacity constraints. CDM could have unintended consequences for aspects of routine GP care. GPs described how practice nurses had taken on a central role in both clinical and administrative aspects of the programme. GPs value the framework provided by CDM for their approach to the management of chronic disease. However, challenges around practice capacity and its impact both on the delivery of CDM and aspects of routine care highlight the importance for policy makers to provide continued support to strengthen the general practice infrastructure. GPs felt the introduction of CDM improved their approach to the management of chronic disease in general practice. CDM led to an increasing clinical and administrative role for Practice nurses. Capacity deficits could limit a practice’s ability to fully implement CDM.
Pair-correlation properties and momentum distribution of finite number of interacting trapped bosons in three dimension
Creators: name: Biswas, Anindya
name: Chakrabarti, Barnali
name: Das, Tapan Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ground state pair-correlation properties of a weakly interacting trapped Bose gas in three dimension by using a correlated many-body method. Use of the van der Waals interaction potential and an external trapping potential shows realistic features. We also test the validity of shape-independent approximation in the calculation of correlation properties.
description: Accepted for publication in The Journal of Chemical Physics
Spectral properties of a tractable collective Hamiltonian
Creators: name: De Baerdemacker, S.
name: Heyde, K.
name: Hellemans, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral properties of a tractable collective model Hamiltonian are studied. The potential energy is truncated up to quartic terms in the quadrupole deformation variables, incorporating vibrational, $γ$-independent rotational and axially deformed rotational structures. These physically significant limits are analysed in detail and confronted with well-established approximation schemes. Furthermore, transitional Hamiltonians in between the limits are presented and discussed. All results are obtained within a recently presented Cartan-Weyl based framework to calculate $SU(1,1)\times SO(5)$ embedded quadrupole collective observables.
description: submitted to PRC
A Gauge Field Theory of Chirally Folded Homopolymers with Applications to Folded Proteins
Creators: name: Danielsson, Ulf H.
name: Lundgren, Martin
name: Niemi, Antti J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We combine the principle of gauge invariance with extrinsic string geometry to develop a lattice model that can be employed to theoretically describe properties of chiral, unbranched homopolymers. We find that in its low temperature phase the model is in the same universality class with proteins that are deposited in the Protein Data Bank, in the sense of the compactness index. We apply the model to analyze various statistical aspects of folded proteins. Curiously we find that it can produce results that are a very good good match to the data in the Protein Data Bank.
description: 5 pages and three figures
Disentangling Entanglement Spectra of Fractional Quantum Hall States on Torus Geometries
Creators: name: Laeuchli, Andreas M.
name: Bergholtz, Emil J.
name: Suorsa, Juha
name: Haque, Masudul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the entanglement spectrum of Laughlin states on the torus and show that it is arranged in towers, each of which is generated by modes of two spatially separated chiral edges. This structure is present for all torus circumferences, which allows for a microscopic identification of the prominent features of the spectrum by perturbing around the thin torus limit.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, published version
Vortex-antivortex wavefunction of a degenerate quantum gas
Creators: name: Okulov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mechanism of a pinning of the quantized matter wave vortices by optical vortices in a specially arranged optical dipole traps is discussed. The vortex-antivortex optical arrays of rectangular symmetry are shown to transfer angular orbital momentum and form the "antiferromagnet"-like matter waves. The separable Hamiltonian for matter waves in pancake trapping geometry is proposed and 3D-wavefunction is factorized in a product of wavefunctions of the 1D harmonic oscillator and 2D vortex-antivortex quantum state. The 2D wavefunction's phase gradient field associated via Madelung transform with the field of classical velocities forms labyrinth-like structure. The macroscopic quantum state composed of periodically spaced counter-rotating BEC superfluid vortices has zero angular momentum and nonzero rotational energy.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Cooper pair sizes in superfluid nuclei in a simplified model
Creators: name: Vinas, X.
name: Schuck, P.
name: Pillet, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooper pair sizes are evaluated in a simple harmonic oscillator model reproducing the values of sophisticated HFB calculations. Underlying reasons for the very small sizes of 2.0-2.5 fm of Cooper pairs in the surface of nuclei are analysed. It is shown that the confining properties of the nuclear volume is the dominating effect. It is argued that for Cooper pair sizes LDA is particularly inadapted.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 4 of The clinical impact of IKZF1 mutation in acute myeloid leukemia
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiang
name: Huang, Aijie
name: Liu, Lixia
name: Qin, Jiayue
name: Wang, Chengcheng
name: Yang, Min
name: Lou, Yinjun
name: Wang, Lei
name: Ni, Xiong
name: Hu, Xiaoxia
name: Tang, Gusheng
name: Zhang, Mengmeng
name: Cao, Shanbo
name: Mao, Liping
name: Qian, Jiejin
name: Xu, Weilai
name: Wei, Juying
name: Xu, Gaixiang
name: Meng, Haitao
name: Mai, Wenyuan
name: Yang, Chunmei
name: Zhu, Honghu
name: Tong, Hongyan
name: Yang, Jianmin
name: Yu, Wenjuan
name: Wang, Jianmin
name: Jin, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. IKZF1-mutated AML patients in our cohort.
Thoracic endometriosis presented as catamental hemoptysis: a case series of a rare disease
Creators: name: Dai, Yi
name: Li, Meng-Hui
name: Liu, Yong-Jian
name: Liu, Bing
name: Wu, Yu-Shi
name: Lang, Jing-He
name: Zhang, Zhen-Yu
name: Leng, Jin-Hua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) is a rare disease in which a functioning endometrial tissue is observed in the pleura, lung, parenchyma, airways, and/or diaphragm. The optimal management of this disease remains a matter of debate. We aimed to report TES cases and their effective hormonal treatment and management. In this retrospective study, women presented as catamenial hemoptysis (CH) diagnosed with thoracic endometriosis were included. The main outcome of measure was cessation or recurrence of the clinical manifestations of thoracic endometriosis. The mean onset age of the 14 patients was 30.21 ± 5.40 years. CH was characteristic symptom of these patients. All patients underwent chest computed tomography (CT) scan during menstruation and 2 or 3 weeks after menstruation, which showed the obvious shrinking or disappearance of the lesions. All of the patients were given Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) for 3 to 6 months, eleven of them were administered with combined oral contraceptives (COC) cyclically after GnRHa. The median follow-up duration was 24 months. Hemoptysis recurrence was observed in one patient. CH is a rare clinical entity of thoracic endometriosis, the change of CT images during and after menstruation or the response to GnRHa were helpful for accurate diagnosis. Hormonal treatment with GnRHa followed by COCs cyclically could be employed for efficient management of thoracic endometriosis.
Elastic and total reaction cross sections of oxygen isotopes in Glauber theory
Creators: name: Abu-Ibrahim, B.
name: Iwasaki, S.
name: Horiuchi, W.
name: Kohama, A.
name: Suzuki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically calculate the total reaction cross sections of oxygen isotopes, $^{15-24}$O, on a $^{12}$C target at high energies using the Glauber theory. The oxygen isotopes are described with Slater determinants generated from a phenomenological mean-field potential. The agreement between theory and experiment is generally good, but a sharp increase of the reaction cross sections from ^{21}O to ^{23}O remains unresolved. To examine the sensitivity of the diffraction pattern of elastic scattering to the nuclear surface, we study the differential elastic-scattering cross sections of proton-^{20,21,23}O at the incident energy of 300 MeV by calculating the full Glauber amplitude.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
General practitioners’ experiences with chronic abdominal symptoms and a faecal calprotectin guided referral strategy in children: A Dutch qualitative study
Creators: name: Ansems, Sophie M.
name: Berger, Marjolein Y.
name: van Tol, Donald G.
name: Olthof, Marijke
name: Holtman, Gea A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: General practitioners (GPs) often struggle to distinguish functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) from organic disorders in children with chronic abdominal symptoms. A referral strategy guided by faecal calprotectin (FCal) testing may help. This study explores GPs’ experiences with these children and the strategy. GPs were sampled purposively to data saturation. Ultimately, we conducted one focus group session and 13 semi-structured interviews with 17 Dutch GPs who had been involved in a randomised controlled trial evaluating an FCal-testing strategy. The online focus group and interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subject to thematic content analysis. Four themes arose: diagnostic confidence, fear of missing something severe, reassurance and managing FGID in primary care. Although GPs typically felt confident during the diagnostic process, they did fear missing somatic or psychosocial conditions. They felt more diagnostically confident due to FCals clear indications, high diagnostic accuracy, and non-invasiveness. Reassurance was considered crucial in children with FGID, either by labelling symptoms, providing explanatory models, or offering medical interventions (e.g. FCal testing). When helping children with FGID proved too difficult, GPs referred to specialist care. Besides the integration of FCal during reassurance, the testing strategy did not help GPs manage children with FGID. While the FCal-strategy improved diagnosis according to GPs, they found the primary challenge to be managing children with FGID. Nevertheless, they found the FCal-strategy beneficial, likely due to its integration into reassurance strategies. Further research focusing on enhancing communication and interventions for paediatric FGID in primary care is warranted. General practitioners (GPs) acknowledged the potential value of faecal calprotectin in the diagnostic evaluation of children with chronic abdominal symptoms. Faecal calprotectin also supports GPs in reassuring and communicating with children with FGID, but not in relieving their FGID symptoms, while this was the main challenge according to GPs.
Carrier-induced refractive index change and optical absorption in wurtzite InN and GaN: Fullband approach
Creators: name: Bulutay, Ceyhun
name: Turgut, Cem Murat
name: Zakhleniuk, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the full band electronic structure calculations, first we consider the effect of n-type doping on the optical absorption and the refractive index in wurtzite InN and GaN. We identify quite different dielectric response in either case; while InN shows a significant shift in the absorption edge due to n-type doping, this is masked for GaN due to efficient cancellation of the Burstein-Moss effect by the band gap renormalization. For high doping levels the intraband absorption becomes significant in InN. Furthermore, we observe that the free-carrier plasma contribution to refractive index change becomes more important than both band filling and the band gap renormalization for electron densities above 10$^{19}$~cm$^{-3}$ in GaN, and 10$^{20}$~cm$^{-3}$ in InN. As a result of the two different characteristics mentioned above, the overall change in the refractive index due to n-type doping is much higher in InN compared to GaN, which in the former exceeds 4\% for a doping of 10$^{19}$~cm$^{-3}$ at 1.55~$μ$m wavelength. Finally, we consider intrinsic InN under strong photoexcitation which introduces equal density of electron and holes thermalized to their respective band edges. The change in the refractive index at 1.55~$μ$m is observed to be similar to the n-doped case up to a carrier density of 10$^{20}$~cm$^{-3}$. However, in the photoexcited case this is now accompanied by a strong absorption in this wavelength region due to $Γ^v_5 \to Γ^v_6$ intravalence band transition. Our findings suggest that the alloy composition of In$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$N can be optimized in the indium-rich region so as to benefit from high carrier-induced refractive index change while operating in the transparency region to minimize the losses. These can have direct implications for InN-containing optical phase modulators and lasers.
description: Revised with an appendix, two additional figures, and more discussions; 10 pages, 14 figures; published version
Relaxation of a high-energy quasiparticle in a one-dimensional Bose gas
Creators: name: Tan, Shina
name: Pustilnik, Michael
name: Glazman, Leonid I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the relaxation rate of high-energy quasiparticles in a weakly interacting one-dimensional Bose gas. Unlike in higher dimensions, the rate is a nonmonotonic function of temperature, with a maximum at the crossover to the state of suppressed density fluctuations. At the maximum, the relaxation rate may significantly exceed its zero-temperature value. We also find the dependence of the differential inelastic scattering rate on the transferred energy. This rate yields information about temperature dependence of local pair correlations.
Regression-based Age Prediction of Plastic Waste using Hyperspectral Imaging
Creators: name: Kronenwett, Felix
name: Klingenberg, Pia
name: Maier, Georg
name: Längle, Thomas
name: Metzsch-Zilligen, Elke
name: Beyerer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: Hyperspectral imaging
Plastic waste
Multiple Extrusion
Thermal aging
Regression
Sensor-based sorting

description: In order to enable high quality recycling of polypropylene (PP) plastic, additional classification and separation into the degree of degradation is necessary. In this study, different PP plastic samples were produced and degraded by multiple extrusion and thermal treatment. Using near infrared spectroscopy, the samples were examined and regression models were trained to predict the degree of aging. The models of the multiple extruded samples showed high accuracy, despite only minor spectral changes. The accuracy of the models of the thermally aged samples varied with the design of the training set due to the non-linear aging process, but showed sufficient accuracy in prediction.
A high resolution view of the jet termination shock in a hot spot of the nearby radio galaxy Pictor A: implications for X-ray models of radio galaxy hot spots
Creators: name: Tingay, S. J.
name: Lenc, E.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: Bondi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Images made with the VLBA have resolved the region in a nearby radio galaxy, Pictor A, where the relativistic jet that originates at the nucleus terminates in an interaction with the intergalactic medium, a so-called radio galaxy hot spot. This image provides the highest spatial resolution view of such an object to date (16 pc), more than three times better than previous VLBI observations of similar objects. The north-west Pictor A hot spot is resolved into a complex set of compact components, seen to coincide with the bright part of the hot spot imaged at arcsecond-scale resolution with the VLA. In addition to a comparison with VLA data, we compare our VLBA results with data from the HST and Chandra telescopes, as well as new Spitzer data. The presence of pc-scale components in the hot spot, identifying regions containing strong shocks in the fluid flow, leads us to explore the suggestion that they represent sites of synchrotron X-ray production, contributing to the integrated X-ray flux of the hot spot, along with X-rays from synchrotron self-Compton scattering. This scenario provides a natural explanation for the radio morphology of the hot spot and its integrated X-ray emission, leading to very different predictions for the higher energy X-ray spectrum compared to previous studies. From the sizes of the individual pc-scale components and their angular spread, we estimate that the jet width at the hot spot is in the range 70 - 700 pc, which is comparable to similar estimates in PKS 2153-69, 3C 205, and 4C 41.17. The lower limit in this range arises from the suggestion that the jet may dither in its direction as it passes through hot spot backflow material close to the jet termination point, creating a "dentist drill" effect on the inside of a cavity 700 pc in diameter.
description: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal. 35 pages, 6 figures
The experiences of transgender and nonbinary adults in primary care: A systematic review
Creators: name: Holland, Daisy
name: White, Luka C. J.
name: Pantelic, Marija
name: Llewellyn, Carrie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people face barriers to primary care, which remains the main entry point for accessing gender-affirming healthcare in the UK. This systematic review aims to summarise the evidence regarding TNB people’s experiences of primary care to inform improvements in service and patient outcomes. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted across articles from 2005 to April 2023 across Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and PsychInfo using established keywords relating to gender identity, primary care and experiences. Qualitative data were thematically analysed and quantitative data were compiled using a descriptive narrative. Following eligibility criteria, 16 articles were included in this review. This review identified both facilitators and limitations and barriers experienced by TNB people related to primary care provider knowledge; the patient-provider relationship, and healthcare settings. Quantitative findings reported up to 54.4% of participants were uncomfortable discussing TNB issues with their physician. Overall findings suggest TNB people face discrimination on a systemic level utilising primary care services, though positive healthcare encounters at a local level were reported. Participants expressed a desire for primary care-led gender-affirming healthcare services, with involvement from local TNB communities. This review demonstrates TNB people’s mixed experiences of primary care alongside their recommendations for service improvement. This is the first systematically reviewed evidence on the topic, emphasising the need for clinicians and policymakers to centre the voices of the TNB community in service design and improvement. Many TNB participants had negative experiences in primary care, attributed to a lack of healthcare provider knowledge and medical gatekeeping. Many TNB participants desired gender-affirming healthcare services to be more primary care-led. Primary care services should consult local TNB communities in service design, evaluation and improvement.
The support theorem for the single radius spherical mean transform
Creators: name: Agranovsky, Mark
name: Kuchment, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L05, 92C55, 65R32, 44A12

description: Let f(x) belong to L^p(R^n) and R>0. The transform is considered that integrates the function f over (almost) all spheres of radius R in R^n. This operator is known to be non-injective (as one can see by taking Fourier transform). However, the counterexamples that can be easily constructed using Bessel functions of the 1st kind, only belong to L^p if p>2n/(n-1). It has been shown previously by S. Thangavelu that for p not exceeding the critical number 2n/(n-1), the transform is indeed injective. In this article, the support theorem is proven that strengthens this injectivity result. Namely, if K is a convex bounded domain in R^n, the index p is not above 2n/(n-1), and (almost) all the integrals of $f$ over spheres of radius $R$ not intersecting K are equal to zero, then f is supported in the closure of the domain K. In fact, convexity in this case is too strong a condition, and the result holds for any what we call an R-convex domain.
Loss of memory of hidden Markov models and Lyapunov exponents
Creators: name: Collet, Pierre
name: Leonardi, Florencia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove that the asymptotic rate of exponential loss of memory of a finite state hidden Markov model is bounded above by the difference of the first two Lyapunov exponents of a certain product of matrices. We also show that this bound is in fact realized, namely for almost all realizations of the observed process we can find symbols where the asymptotic exponential rate of loss of memory attains the difference of the first two Lyapunov exponents. These results are derived in particular for the observed process and for the filter; that is, for the distribution of the hidden state conditioned on the observed sequence. We also prove similar results in total variation.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AAP929 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Generic dispensing rates for substitutable drugs prescribed by general practitioners compared with other private ambulatory specialists: A study based on a French national reimbursement database
Creators: name: Figoni, Hugo
name: Robert, Sarah
name: Bonello, Kim
name: Ibanez, Gladys
name: Chastang, Julie
name: Estellat, Candice
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The use of generic drugs is a way for healthcare systems to reduce costs, particularly in ambulatory care. Several studies suggest that the prescriber’s speciality is associated with the use of generic drugs, and that substitutable drugs prescribed by General Practitioners (GPs) are more often generic, but this association has never been studied in France. In the French legislative context, except in rare situations, all substitutable drugs prescribed should be dispensed in generic form. Compare the generic drugs dispensing rate among substitutable drugs dispensed in community pharmacies prescribed by French private GPs with that of other private specialists, all other specialities combined (first objective) or each other speciality taken individually (second objective). We used a sample of an open available semi-aggregated database from the 2019 French health insurance system database. We compared with logistic regression models GPs to all other specialities combined, then GPs to the 19 other specialties taken individually, only on the substitutable drugs they prescribe in common. In 2019, 53.4% of the drugs prescribed by French private ambulatory physicians were substitutable drugs, and 81.5% of them were dispensed in generic form. After adjustment, the generic dispensing rate for substitutable drugs was significantly higher for GPs than for other specialties (ORa 0.74 [IC95% 0.72–0.76]). Thirteen of the nineteen other specialities taken individually, such as endocrinologists (ORa 0.64 [IC95% 0.57–0.72]) and cardiologists (ORa 0.60 [0.56–0.63]) had significantly lower generic dispensing rates than GPs. No other speciality had a rate significantly higher than GPs. Substitutable drugs prescribed by French private GPs are more often dispensed in generic form than those from other private ambulatory specialties. To understand this result and optimise the use of generic drugs in outpatient settings, we need to study the different stages of drug use, from prescription by the physician to dispensing by the pharmacist and acceptance by the patient. 82% of substitutable drugs prescribed by French private general practitioners in 2019 were dispensed in generic form. No other ambulatory specialty rated significantly higher than general practitioners. Research is needed to study reasons for non-generic drug prescription in the context of legislative changes.
Non-negative mixed finite element formulations for a tensorial diffusion equation
Creators: name: Nakshatrala, K. B.
name: Valocchi, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the tensorial diffusion equation, and address the discrete maximum-minimum principle of mixed finite element formulations. In particular, we address non-negative solutions (which is a special case of the maximum-minimum principle) of mixed finite element formulations. The discrete maximum-minimum principle is the discrete version of the maximum-minimum principle. In this paper we present two non-negative mixed finite element formulations for tensorial diffusion equations based on constrained optimization techniques (in particular, quadratic programming). These proposed mixed formulations produce non-negative numerical solutions on arbitrary meshes for low-order (i.e., linear, bilinear and trilinear) finite elements. The first formulation is based on the Raviart-Thomas spaces, and is obtained by adding a non-negative constraint to the variational statement of the Raviart-Thomas formulation. The second non-negative formulation based on the variational multiscale formulation. For the former formulation we comment on the affect of adding the non-negative constraint on the local mass balance property of the Raviart-Thomas formulation. We also study the performance of the active set strategy for solving the resulting constrained optimization problems. The overall performance of the proposed formulation is illustrated on three canonical test problems.
description: 40 pages using amsart style file, and 15 figures
Progress in Computer-Assisted Inductive Theorem Proving by Human-Orientedness and Descente Infinie?
Creators: name: Wirth, Claus-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this short position paper we briefly review the development history of automated inductive theorem proving and computer-assisted mathematical induction. We think that the current low expectations on progress in this field result from a faulty narrow-scope historical projection. Our main motivation is to explain--on an abstract but hopefully sufficiently descriptive level--why we believe that future progress in the field is to result from human-orientedness and descente infinie.
description: ii + 35 pages
Interindustry variation in salaries : an empirical study
Creators: name: Appelbe, Trent Woods
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the determinants of the variation in white-collar salaries among United States manufacturing and mining industries. A model was formulated, hypothesizing that inter-industry salary variation is primarily a function of industry monopoly power, capital-labour ratio and growth. Linear regression analysis was to be used to test the model with data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the Internal Revenue Department. Conceptual and statistical problems were encountered in measuring the industry variables. Although concentration and barriers to entry were to be used together in measuring monopoly power, in the final analysis it was concentration that had to be relied upon. The measure of industry growth, based upon change in employment, turned out to be inappropriate for its intended purpose. The regression results indicated that the amount of capital in an industry has no effect upon the level of salaries. Problems of multicollinearity made it impossible to isolate the capital-labour and capital requirements effects. The evidence further indicated that industry concentration is a factor in explaining salary rates. However, the results were not decisive enough to allow any firm conclusions concerning the effects of monopoly power, particularly in view of the fact that concentration is an imperfect measure of this variable. . . Thus, one assertion of the hypothesis was tentatively accepted, another rejected, and for the third, the evidence was inconclusive.