cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
p=constant compression on loose Hostun sand: The case of an anisotropic response
Creators: name: Evesque, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental data from axially symmetric compression test at constant mean pressure p on Hostun sand from Flavigny experiments on loose sands are used to study the validity of an "isotropic" modelling at different densities . It is found that the material response is not isotropic even at small deviatoric stress. As an "isotropic" behaviour is found for compression test at constant volume on the same sand, this new result questions the unicity of the trajectory in the classical phase space of soil mechanics (q,p,v), with q being thed deviatoric stress, v the specific volume. This asks whether the space shall be taken larger than 3d or not. Pacs # : 5.40 ; 45.70 ; 62.20 ; 83.70.Fn
description: 7pages + 1 page, 1 Figure
Behavioral and Welfare Effects of Tournaments and Fixed Performance Standard Contracts with Heterogeneous Agents: Some Experimental Evidence
Creators: name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Nazaryan, Natalie
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Nazaryan, Natalie
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Experimental economics is used to compare tournaments (T) and fixed performance contracts (F) when agents have heterogeneous costs. Our primary findings were: (1) There is no statistical difference in average pooled effort (effort by high ability and low ability subjects are pooled together to get an aggregate average) under T and F contracts, (2) on average, effort exerted by high ability agents is considerably higher than effort exerted by low ability agents under both types of contracts, (3) average pooled payoff for the subjects is affected by the type of contract used. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that high ability subjects generally benefit from tournaments whereas low ability agents are harmed by tournaments. Only in the case where common shocks are dominant would low ability agents not be negatively impacted by tournaments.
Exotic quantum liquids in Bose-Hubbard models with spatially-modulated symmetries
Creators: name: Sala, Pablo
name: You, Yizhi
name: Hauschild, Johannes
name: Motrunich, Olexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect that spatially modulated continuous conserved quantities can have on quantum ground states. We do so by introducing a family of one-dimensional local quantum rotor and bosonic models which conserve finite Fourier momenta of the particle number, but not the particle number itself. These correspond to generalizations of the standard Bose-Hubbard model (BHM), and relate to the physics of Bose surfaces. First, we show that while having an infinite-dimensional local Hilbert space, such systems feature a non-trivial Hilbert space fragmentation for momenta incommensurate with the lattice. This is linked to the nature of the conserved quantities having a dense spectrum and provides the first such example. We then characterize the zero-temperature phase diagram for both commensurate and incommensurate momenta. In both cases, analytical and numerical calculations predict a phase transition between a gapped (Mott insulating) and quasi-long range order phase; the latter is characterized by a two-species Luttinger liquid in the infrared, but dressed by oscillatory contributions when computing microscopic expectation values. Following a rigorous Villain formulation of the corresponding rotor model, we derive a dual description, from where we estimate the robustness of this phase using renormalization group arguments, where the driving perturbation has ultra-local correlations in space but power law correlations in time. We support this conclusion using an equivalent representation of the system as a two-dimensional vortex gas with modulated Coulomb interactions within a fixed symmetry sector. We conjecture that a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-type transition is driven by the unbinding of vortices along the temporal direction.
description: Close to published version: 20 pages + Appendices. Updated discussions
X-ray spectra of the Fe-L complex II: atomic data constraints from EBIT experiment and X-ray grating observations of Capella
Creators: name: Gu, Liyi
name: Shah, Chintan
name: Mao, Junjie
name: Raassen, A. J. J.
name: de Plaa, Jelle
name: Pinto, Ciro
name: Akamatsu, Hiroki
name: Werner, Norbert
name: Simionescu, Aurora
name: Mernier, François
name: Sawada, Makoto
name: Mohanty, Pranav
name: Amaro, Pedro
name: Gu, Ming Feng
name: Porter, F. Scott
name: López-Urrutia, José R. Crespo
name: Kaastra, Jelle S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hitomi results for the Perseus cluster have shown that accurate atomic models are essential to the success of X-ray spectroscopic missions, and just as important as knowledge on instrumental calibration and astrophysical modeling. Preparing the models requires a multifaceted approach, including theoretical calculations, laboratory measurements, and calibration using real observations. In a previous paper, we presented a calculation of the electron impact cross sections on the transitions forming the Fe-L complex. In the present work, we systematically test the calculation against cross sections of ions measured in an electron beam ion trap experiment. A two-dimensional analysis in the electron beam energies and X-ray photon energies is utilized to disentangle radiative channels following dielectronic recombination, direct electron-impact excitation, and resonant excitation processes in the experimental data. The data calibrated through laboratory measurements are further fed into global modeling of the Chandra grating spectrum of Capella. We investigate and compare the fit quality, as well as sensitivity of the derived physical parameters to the underlying atomic data and the astrophysical plasma modeling. We further list the potential areas of disagreement between the observation and the present calculations, which in turn calls for renewed efforts in theoretical calculations and targeted laboratory measurements.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Galaxy Groups at 0.3 <= z <= 0.55. II. Evolution to z ~ 0
Creators: name: Wilman, D. J.
name: Balogh, M. L.
name: Bower, R. G.
name: Mulchaey, J. S.
name: Jnr, A. Oemler
name: Carlberg, R. G.
name: Eke, V. R.
name: Lewis, I.
name: Morris, S. L.
name: Whitaker, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare deep Magellan spectroscopy of 26 groups at 0.3 <= z <= 0.55, selected from the Canadian Network for Observational Cosmology 2 field survey (CNOC2), with a large sample of nearby groups from the 2PIGG catalogue (Eke et al., 2004). We find that the fraction of group galaxies with significant [OII] emission (>=5Å) increases strongly with redshift, from ~29% in 2dFGRS to ~58% in CNOC2, for all galaxies brighter than ~ M*+1.75. This trend is parallel to the evolution of field galaxies, where the equivalent fraction of emission line galaxies increases from ~ 53% to ~ 75%. The fraction of emission-line galaxies in groups is lower than in the field, across the full redshift range, indicating that the history of star formation in groups is influenced by their environment. We show that the evolution required to explain the data is inconsistent with a quiescent model of galaxy evolution; instead, discrete events in which galaxies cease forming stars (truncation events) are required. We constrain the probability of truncation (P_trunc) and find that a high value is required in a simple evolutionary scenario neglecting galaxy mergers (P_trunc >~ 0.3 Gyr^{-1}). However, without assuming significant density evolution, P_trunc is not required to be larger in groups than in the field, suggesting that the environmental dependence of star formation was embedded at redshifts z >~ 0.45.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
DOES MONEY ILLUSION MATTER? THE IMPACT OF EURO ON THE VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF FOOD PRICE IN GERMANY
Creators: name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Meyer, Jochen
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Meyer, Jochen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper the impact of the introduction of the Euro on the vertical price transmission in German food markets is analyzed. It is hypothesized that the presence of money illusion might have lead to higher real prices as a result of the Euro, and if so it must be accompanied with a higher margin between the respective wholesale and retail price. While generally studies focus on the behavior of average prices, in this study the reactions of individual retailers are investigated. For lettuce and chicken the vertical price relationships between retail and wholesale prices are estimated by an error correction approach, which is extended to test for structural breaks with a flexible time frame. The results indicate no impact of the Euro for most of the retail stores. However, about every fifth grocery store did react to the new currency by generally increasing its mark up significantly. This leads to the conclusion that money illusion might have a significant impact on the real adjustment of prices.
A Mid-point Theorem for the U type shape of functions
Creators: name: Rao, Arni S. R. Srinivasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A09, 11A99, 26E99, 92D30

description: A mid-point theorem is proved in an elementary way for the U type shape of functions that arise out of exponential quadratic functions. These results are inspired from epidemic patterns and growth over a time period. Key words: natural numbers mapping, mean value theorem.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Machine Learning Interpretability of Outer Radiation Belt Enhancement \& Depletion Events
Creators: name: Ma, Donglai
name: Bortnik, Jacob
name: Ma, Qianli
name: Hua, Man
name: Chu, Xiangning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the response of outer radiation belt electron fluxes to different solar wind and geomagnetic indices using an interpretable machine learning method. We reconstruct the electron flux variation during 19 enhancement and 7 depletion events and demonstrate a feature attribution analysis on the superposed epoch results for the first time. We find that the intensity and duration of the substorm sequence following an initial dropout determine the overall enhancement or depletion of electron fluxes, while the solar wind pressure drives the initial dropout in both types of events. Further statistical results from a dataset with 71 events confirm this and show a significant correlation between the resulting flux levels and the average AL index, indicating that the observed "depletion" event can be more accurately described as a "non-enhancement" event. Our novel SHAP-Enhanced Superposed Epoch Analysis (SHESEA) method can be used as an insight discovery tool in various physical systems.
THE IMPACT OF EU AND US AGRO-FOOD NON TARIFF MEASURES ON EXPORTS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Nardella, Michele
name: Boccaletti, Stefano
name: Nardella, Michele
name: Boccaletti, Stefano
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Aim of the paper is to appraise the impact of EU and US non tariff measures on agro-food exports from African, Asian and South-American developing countries. After an inventory description of these measures, a gravity model is estimated. The results offer a measure of the impact of the different type of technical (i.e. labeling and standard requirement for both safety and non safety matters) and non-technical (i.e. import licensing and authorization requirements) provisions and of the different degree of application of the same measures, on the agro-food export from developing countries.
C,N,O in lambda Boo stars and in composite spectra
Creators: name: Faraggiana, R.
name: Bonifacio, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The selective abundance of C, N, O (almost solar) with respect to that of other elements (underabundant) in lambda Boo stars has been interpreted as a characteristic peculiarity of these objects, when considered as single stars. We show here that a similar selective abundance is predicted from the composite spectra resulting from two unresolved stars in the same temperature range as the lambda Boo stars.
description: Accepted for publication on A&A
Grafted network for person re-identification
Creators: name: Wang, Jiabao
name: Li, Yang
name: Jiao, Shanshan
name: Miao, Zhuang
name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convolutional neural networks have shown outstanding effectiveness in person re-identification (re-ID). However, the models always have large number of parameters and much computation for mobile application. In order to relieve this problem, we propose a novel grafted network (GraftedNet), which is designed by grafting a high-accuracy rootstock and a light-weighted scion. The rootstock is based on the former parts of ResNet-50 to provide a strong baseline, while the scion is a new designed module, composed of the latter parts of SqueezeNet, to compress the parameters. To extract more discriminative feature representation, a joint multi-level and part-based feature is proposed. In addition, to train GraftedNet efficiently, we propose an accompanying learning method, by adding an accompanying branch to train the model in training and removing it in testing for saving parameters and computation. On three public person re-ID benchmarks (Market1501, DukeMTMC-reID and CUHK03), the effectiveness of GraftedNet are evaluated and its components are analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed GraftedNet achieves 93.02%, 85.3% and 76.2% in Rank-1 and 81.6%, 74.7% and 71.6% in mAP, with only 4.6M parameters.
WHERE HAS ALL THE WATER GONE? ESTIMATION OF A PRODUCTION FUNCTION FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE REGION KHOREZM, UZBEKISTAN
Creators: name: Mueller, Marc
name: Mueller, Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Production Economics

description: A widely known obstacle for analyses of agricultural production systems is the lack of activity specific input data. A set of production functions for the case of agriculture in Khorezm (Uzbekistan) is estimated based on aggregated input data by employing 'maximum entropy'.
Coupled Multi Scalar Field Dark Energy
Creators: name: Vázquez, J. Alberto
name: Tamayo, David
name: Garcia-Arroyo, Gabriela
name: Gómez-Vargas, Isidro
name: Quiros, Israel
name: Sen, Anjan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main aim of this paper is to present the multi scalar field components as candidates to be the dark energy of the universe and their observational constraints. We start with the canonical Quintessence and Phantom fields with quadratic potentials and show that a more complex model should bear in mind to satisfy current cosmological observations. Then we present some implications for a combination of two fields, named as Quintom models. We consider two types of models, one as the sum of the quintessence and phantom potentials and other including an interacting term between fields. We find that adding one extra degree of freedom, by the interacting term, the dynamics enriches considerably and could lead to an improvement in the fit of $-2\lnΔ\Like_{\rm max}= 5.19$, compared to $Λ$CDM. The resultant effective equation of state is now able to cross the phantom divide line, and in several cases present an oscillatory or discontinuous behavior, depending on the interaction value. The parameter constraints of the scalar field models (quintessence, phantom, quintom and interacting quintom) were performed using Cosmic Chronometers, Supernovae Ia and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations data; and the Log-Bayes factors were computed to compare the performance of the models. We show that single scalar fields may face serious troubles and hence the necessity of a more complex models, i.e. multiple fields.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures; matches the published version on PRD
Concept mapping : does it promote meaningful learning in science?
Creators: name: Hembling, Paul Eric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Concept mapping is a learning strategy based on constructivist theory that students leam by incorporating new knowledge into pre-existing frameworks, or constructs. This study attempts to determine whether on-going use of concept mapping by Biology 11 students facilitates meaningful learning. The study utilizes both qualitative (student interviews) and quantitative (statistical analysis of unit test scores) methodologies. For the quantitative analysis, the control and experimental groups consist of four classes of Biology 11 students where two blocks were exposed to concept mapping, while two were not (n=67; 33 concept mappers, 34 non-concept mappers). The findings are that although no statistically significant difference is found between the experimental and control groups, the statistical analysis suggests a trend of increasing test performance by concept mappers over non-concept mappers. The degree of difference increases the longer students have been exposed to concept mapping. Additionally, students provide insights into how concept mapping should be introduced, and shed light on common problems encountered while they learn the technique. Overall, students find concept mapping to be a valuable learning tool that most feel they will continue to utilize. Implications for teaching strategies are examined in light of students' experiences. A further study over a longer time frame could confirm the suggestion that with a longer exposure to concept mapping, a significant difference could be found between the experimental and control groups.
Two-Photon Entanglement in a Two-Mode Supersymmetric Model
Creators: name: Akhtarshenas, S. Javad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will study entangled two-photon states generated from a two-mode supersymmetric model and quantify degree of entanglement in terms of the entropy of entanglement. The influences of the nonlinearity on the degree of entanglement is also examined, and it is shown that amount of entanglement increase with increasing the nonlinear coupling constant.
description: 9 pages, 2 eps figures, typos fixed
THE GENERALIZED COMPOSITE COMMODITY THEOREM AND FOOD DEMAND ESTIMATION
Creators: name: Reed, Albert J.
name: Levedahl, J. William
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Reed, Albert J.
name: Levedahl, J. William
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper reports tests of aggregation over consumer food products and estimates of aggregate food demand elasticities. Evidence that food demand variables follow unit root processes leads us to build on and simplify tests of the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem found in the literature. We compute food demand elasticities using cointegration applied to a convenient but nonlinear functional form. Estimates are based on consumer reported expenditure data rather than commercial disappearance data.
Global solutions to the compressible Euler equations with heat transport by convection around Dyson's isothermal affine solutions
Creators: name: Rickard, Calum
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q31, 76N10, 76N15, 35L70, 35B35

description: Global solutions to the compressible Euler equations with heat transport by convection in the whole space are shown to exist through perturbations of Dyson's isothermal affine solutions. This setting presents new difficulties because of the vacuum at infinity behavior of the density. In particular, the perturbation of isothermal motion introduces a Gaussian function into our stability analysis and a novel finite propagation result is proven to handle potentially unbounded terms arising from the presence of the Gaussian. Crucial stabilization-in-time effects of the background motion are mitigated through the use of this finite propagation result however and a careful use of the heat transport formulation in conjunction with new time weight manipulations are used to establish global existence. The heat transport by convection offers unique physical insights into the model and mathematically, we use a controlled spatial perturbation in the analysis of this feature of our system which leads us to exploit source term estimates as part of our techniques.
PRICE AND NON-PRICE INFLUENCES ON WATER CONSERVATION: AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF AGGREGATE DEMAND UNDER NONLINEAR BUDGET CONSTRAINT
Creators: name: Corral, Leonardo
name: Fisher, Anthony C.
name: Hatch, Nile W.
name: Corral, Leonardo
name: Fisher, Anthony C.
name: Hatch, Nile W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We study the influence of prices and non-price conservation programs on water consumption and conservation behavior during a drought in the San Francisco Bay Area. The empirical results show that pricing can be effective in reducing water consumption. Use restrictions and landscaping audits are also effective in inducing conservation from consumers.
Irreducibility of $x^n-a$
Creators: name: Koley, Biswajit
name: Reddy, A. Satyanarayana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R09, 12D05

description: A. Capelli gave a necessary and sufficient condition for the reducibility of $x^n-a$ over $\Q$. In this article, we are providing an alternate elementary proof for the same.
description: 4 pages
MEASURING THE BENEFITS OF AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: A SPATIAL HEDONIC APPROACH
Creators: name: Kim, Chong Won
name: Phipps, Tim T.
name: Anselin, Luc
name: Kim, Chong Won
name: Phipps, Tim T.
name: Anselin, Luc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A spatial-econometric hedonic housing price model is estimated for the Seoul metropolitan area to measure the marginal value of improved air quality. Results showed that the spatial lag model fits best for both owner and renter households. Marginal WTP for a 4% improvement in air quality is about $3,200 for owners and $420 for renters.
Isospin symmetry breaking in the mirror pair $^{73}$Sr-$^{73}$Br
Creators: name: Lenzi, S. M.
name: Poves, A.
name: Macchiavelli, A. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent experimental observation of isospin symmetry breaking (ISB) in the ground states of the $T=3/2$ mirror pair $^{73}$Sr - $^{73}$Br is theoretically studied using large-scale shell model calculations. The large valence space and the successful PFSDG-U effective interaction used for the nuclear part of the problem capture possible structural changes and provide a robust basis to treat the ISB effects of both electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic origin. The calculated shifts and mirror-energy-differences are consistent with the inversion of the $I^π$= 1/2$^{-}, 5/2^{-}$ states between $^{73}$Sr - $^{73}$Br, and suggest that the role played by the Coulomb interaction is dominant. An isospin breaking contribution of nuclear origin is estimated to be $\approx 25$ keV.
description: 4 pages, 4 tables, 1 figure. Submitted to Physical Review C
Scaling up machine learning-based chemical plant simulation: A method for fine-tuning a model to induce stable fixed points
Creators: name: Esders, Malte
name: Ramirez, Gimmy Alex Fernandez
name: Gastegger, Michael
name: Samal, Satya Swarup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Idealized first-principles models of chemical plants can be inaccurate. An alternative is to fit a Machine Learning (ML) model directly to plant sensor data. We use a structured approach: Each unit within the plant gets represented by one ML model. After fitting the models to the data, the models are connected into a flowsheet-like directed graph. We find that for smaller plants, this approach works well, but for larger plants, the complex dynamics arising from large and nested cycles in the flowsheet lead to instabilities in the solver during model initialization. We show that a high accuracy of the single-unit models is not enough: The gradient can point in unexpected directions, which prevents the solver from converging to the correct stationary state. To address this problem, we present a way to fine-tune ML models such that initialization, even with very simple solvers, becomes robust.
INCORPORATING NUTRIENTS IN FOOD DEMAND ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Chiang, Frank F.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Chiang, Frank F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Two levels version of the Rotterdam demand systems were developed using utility theory with additional nutrient variables. Income, price, and nutrient demand elasticities were estimated. Results show that some nutrients are important factors in determining the demand for food items.
Optical Monitoring of BL Lac Object S5 0716+714 with High Temporal Resolution
Creators: name: Wu, Jianghua
name: Peng, Bo
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Ma, Jun
name: Jiang, Zhaoji
name: Chen, Jiansheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical monitoring of S5 0716+714 was performed with a 60/90 Schmidt telescope in 2003 November and December and 2004 January for studying the variability of the object on short timescales. Due to the high brightness of the source we could carry out quasi-simultaneous measurements in three bands with a temporal resolution of about 20 minutes by using one single telescope. Intraday and intranight variations were observed with an overall change of ~0.9 mag during the whole campaign. Two outbursts were recorded on JD 2453005 and JD 2453009. Minimum timescales of a few hours were derived from the light curves of individual nights but were different from night to night. A bluer-when-brighter chromatism was present when the object was in fast flare, but was absent when it was in a relatively quiescent state. Our results are basically consistent with the shock-in-jet model and demonstrate that the geometrical effects can sometimes play an important role in the variability of blazars.
description: 39 pages, 6 figures, to be published in AJ
DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-8Z: "EFFICIENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY"
Creators: name: Woodward, Richard T.
name: Woodward, Richard T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Legal issues in environmental policy are considered, as well as property rights and voluntary regulations. Taxation, Fines, and Producer Liability Rules: Efficiency and Market Structure Implications Stephen Hamilton, Kansas State University. Regulatory Takings and the Diminution of Value: A Search for Empirical Evidence Marie Truesdell and John Bergstrom, University of Georgia. Environmental and Natural Resource Policy and the Optimal Dispersion of Property Rights Shi-Ling Hsu and Marca Weinberg. The Relative Efficiency of Voluntary vs. Mandatory Environmental Regulations JunJie Wu, Oregon State University; Bruce Babcock, Iowa State University. Electricity Deregulation: What's in Store for the Environment? Alan Levy, Mario Teisl, Brian Roe, Matthew Russell, Dave Moskovitz, Tom Austin.
Optimization of Image Acquisition for Earth Observation Satellites via Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Makarov, Antón
name: Taddei, Márcio M.
name: Osaba, Eneko
name: Franceschetto, Giacomo
name: Villar-Rodriguez, Esther
name: Oregi, Izaskun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Satellite image acquisition scheduling is a problem that is omnipresent in the earth observation field; its goal is to find the optimal subset of images to be taken during a given orbit pass under a set of constraints. This problem, which can be modeled via combinatorial optimization, has been dealt with many times by the artificial intelligence and operations research communities. However, despite its inherent interest, it has been scarcely studied through the quantum computing paradigm. Taking this situation as motivation, we present in this paper two QUBO formulations for the problem, using different approaches to handle the non-trivial constraints. We compare the formulations experimentally over 20 problem instances using three quantum annealers currently available from D-Wave, as well as one of its hybrid solvers. Fourteen of the tested instances have been obtained from the well-known SPOT5 benchmark, while the remaining six have been generated ad-hoc for this study. Our results show that the formulation and the ancilla handling technique is crucial to solve the problem successfully. Finally, we also provide practical guidelines on the size limits of problem instances that can be realistically solved on current quantum computers.
SiENet: Siamese Expansion Network for Image Extrapolation
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaofeng
name: Chen, Feng
name: Wang, Cailing
name: Wu, Songsong
name: Tao, Ming
name: Jiang, Guoping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Different from image inpainting, image outpainting has relative less context in the image center to capture and more content at the image border to predict. Therefore, classical encoder-decoder pipeline of existing methods may not predict the outstretched unknown content perfectly. In this paper, a novel two-stage siamese adversarial model for image extrapolation, named Siamese Expansion Network (SiENet) is proposed. In two stages, a novel border sensitive convolution named adaptive filling convolution is designed for allowing encoder to predict the unknown content, alleviating the burden of decoder. Besides, to introduce prior knowledge to network and reinforce the inferring ability of encoder, siamese adversarial mechanism is designed to enable our network to model the distribution of covered long range feature for that of uncovered image feature. The results on four datasets has demonstrated that our method outperforms existing state-of-the-arts and could produce realistic results.
NUMERAIRE CHOICE IN AGRICULTURAL SUPPLY ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: McIntosh, Christopher S.
name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: McIntosh, Christopher S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Economic theory provides little guidance for selecting a numeraire in estimating dual function profit functions. In this study, we examine the choice of numeraire price (equation) for profit function models of Iowa agriculture. The choice of numeraire is evaluated by forecasting accuracy and with a non-nested specification test.
Real-space renormalization group approach for the corner Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Okunishi, Kouichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a real-space renormalization group approach for the corner Hamiltonian, which is relevant to the reduced density matrix in the density matrix renormalization group. A set of self-consistent equations that the renormalized Hamiltonian should satisfy in the thermodynamic limit is also derived from the fixed point of the recursion relation for the corner Hamiltonian. We demonstrate the renormalization group algorithm for the $S=1/2$ XXZ spin chain and show that the results are consistent with the exact solution. We further examine the renormalization group for the S=1 Heisenberg spin chain and then discuss the nature of the eigenvalue spectrum of the corner Hamiltonian for the non-integrable model.
description: 7 pages
Thermal depinning and transverse-field tilting transitions in a planar vortex array pinned by a columnar defect
Creators: name: Radzihovsky, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a thermal and a transverse magnetic field response of a vortex line array confined to a plane with a single columnar pinning defect. By integrating out ``bulk'' degrees of freedom away from the columnar defect we reduce this two-dimensional problem to a one-dimensional one, localized on the defect and exhibiting a long-range elasticity along the defect. We show that as a function of temperature, for a magnetic field aligned with the defect this system exhibits a one-dimensional analog of a roughening transition, with a low-temperature ``smooth'' phase corresponding to a vortex array pinned by the defect, and a high-temperature ``rough'' phase in which at long scales thermal fluctuations effectively average away the pinning by the defect. We also find that in the low-temperature pinned phase, the vortex lattice tilt response to a transverse magnetic field proceeds via a soliton proliferation transition, governed by an integrable sine-Hilbert equation and analogous to the well-known commensurate-incommensurate transition in sine-Gordon systems. The distinguishing feature here is the long-range nature of the one-dimensional elasticity, leading to a logarithmic soliton energy and interaction. We predict the transverse-field -- temperature phase diagram and discuss extension of our results to a bulk vortex array in the presence of a distribution of columnar defects.
description: 27 pages, 17 figures; corrected typos, added references
Supernova Emission of Secretly Interacting Neutrino Fluid: Theoretical Foundations
Creators: name: Fiorillo, Damiano F. G.
name: Raffelt, Georg
name: Vitagliano, Edoardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino-neutrino scattering could have a large secret component that would turn neutrinos within a supernova (SN) core into a self-coupled fluid. Neutrino transport within the SN core, emission from its surface, expansion into space, and the flux spectrum and time structure at Earth might all be affected. We examine these questions from first principles. First, diffusive transport differs only by a modified spectral average of the interaction rate. We next study the fluid energy transfer between a hot and a cold blackbody surface in plane-parallel and spherical geometry. The key element is the decoupling process within the radiating bodies, which themselves are taken to be isothermal. For a zero-temperature cold plate, mimicking radiation into free space by the hot plate, the energy flux is 3--4\% smaller than the usual Stefan-Boltzmann Law. The fluid energy density just outside the hot plate is numerically 0.70 of the standard case, the outflow velocity is the speed of sound $v_s=c/\sqrt{3}$, conspiring to a nearly unchanged energy flux. Our results provide the crucial boundary condition for the expansion of the self-interacting fluid into space, assuming an isothermal neutrino sphere. We also derive a dynamical solution, assuming the emission suddenly begins at some instant. A neutrino front expands in space with luminal speed, whereas the outflow velocity at the radiating surface asymptotically approaches $v_s$ from above. Asymptotically, one thus recovers the steady-state emission found in the two-plate model. A sudden end to neutrino emission leads to a fireball with constant thickness equal to the duration of neutrino emission.
description: Version accepted at PRD, with revised notation; 20 pages, 8 figures
Lambda(1405) as a K-bar N Feshbach resonance in the Skyrme model
Creators: name: Ezoe, Takashi
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the Lambda(1405) hyperon as a Feshbach resonance of a bar-KN quasi-bound state coupled by a decaying channel of pi Sigma in the Skyrme model. A weakly bound bar-KN state is generated in the laboratory frame, while the Sigma hyperon as a strongly bound state of bar-KN in the intrinsic frame. We obtain a coupling of bar-KN and pi Sigma channels by computing a baryon matrix element of the axial current. This coupling enables the decay of the bar-KN bound state to pi-Sigma . It is shown that the Skyrme model supports the Lambda(1405) as a narrow Feshbach resonance.
Anomalous Hall Effect due to the spin chirality in the Kagomé lattice
Creators: name: Taillefumier, Mathieu
name: Canals, Benjamin
name: Lacroix, Claudine
name: Dugaev, Vitalii
name: Bruno, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model for a two dimensional electron gas moving on a kagomé lattice and locally coupled to a chiral magnetic texture. We show that the transverse conductivity $σ\_{xy}$ does not vanish even if spin-orbit coupling is not present and it may exhibit unusual behavior. Model parameters are the chirality, the number of conduction electrons and the amplitude of the local coupling. Upon varying these parameters, a topological transition characterized by change of the band Chern numbers occur. As a consequence, $σ\_{xy}$ can be quantized, proportional to the chirality or have a non monotonic behavior upon varying these parameters.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
OPTIMAL STRUCTURE OF AN AGRIBUSINESS FIRM CONSIDERING THE ECONOMICS OF MAJOR, LINKED COMPONENTS
Creators: name: Ward, Ruby A.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: McCorkle, Dean A.
name: Long, Charles R.
name: Ward, Ruby A.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: McCorkle, Dean A.
name: Long, Charles R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agribusiness
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: An optimization model is used to evaluate the economics of various components of a large agribusiness. The benefits of using interger programming are contrasted to traditional linear programming analysis in conjunction with outside-the-model budgeting analysis.
What determine Solar Flares Producing Interplanetary Type III Radio Bursts?
Creators: name: Kou, Y. K.
name: Jing, Z. C.
name: Cheng, X.
name: Pan, W. Q.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Li, C.
name: Ding, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energetic electrons accelerated by solar flares often give rise to type III radio bursts at a broad waveband and even interplanetary type III bursts (IT3) if the wavelength extends to decameter-kilometer. In this Letter, we investigate the probability of the flares that produce IT3, based on the sample of 2272 flares above M-class observed from 1996 to 2016. It is found that only 49.6% of the flares are detected to be accompanied with IT3. The duration, peak flux, and fluence of the flares with and without IT3 both present power-law distributions in the frequency domain, but the corresponding spectral indices for the former (2.06$\pm$0.17, 2.04$\pm$0.18, and 1.55$\pm$0.09) are obviously smaller than that for the latter (2.82$\pm$0.22, 2.51$\pm$0.19, and 2.40$\pm$0.09), showing that the flares with IT3 have longer durations and higher peak fluxes. We further examine the relevance of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to the two groups of flares. It is found that 58% (655 of 1127) of the flares with IT3 but only 19% (200 of 1078) of the flares without IT3 are associated with CMEs, and that the associated CMEs for the flares with IT3 are inclined to be wider and faster. This indicates that CMEs may also play a role in producing IT3, speculatively facilitating the escape of accelerated electrons from the low corona to the interplanetary space.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 5 figures and one table
Mormo maura
Creators: name: Joos, R Enato
name: Fritsch, Dieter
name: Bryner, Rudolf
name: Billen, Wolfgang
name: Wicki, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Mormo
Mormo maura

description: 9490 Mormo maura (Linnaeus, 1758)
Münchenstein (BL), Merian Gärten, 4.9.2013 / 10.9.2014. Diese grosse Eulenfalterart lebt bevorzugt in eher feuchten Gebieten mit Gehölzen entlang von Bächen und Gewässern. Die Art wird nicht häufig nachgewiesen, da die Falter kaum Lichtquellen anfliegen.
description: Published as part of Joos, R Enato, Fritsch, Dieter, Bryner, Rudolf, Billen, Wolfgang & Wicki, Christoph, 2018, Vielfalt der nachtaktiven Gross- und Kleinschmetterlinge in zwei Parkanlagen bei Basel, pp. 57-71 in Entomo Helvetica 11 on page 63, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986024, http://zenodo.org/record/8034307
Factors associated with sensitive caregivers in Canadian childcare centres
Creators: name: Thompson, Deborah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This exploratory study focused on identifying the stuctural indicators of high quality childcare that are associated with high levels of caregiver sensitivity. The participants in the study were 318 caregivers employed in 234 Canadian childcare centres. Caregivers were observed in their centres and their sensitivity was rated using the Caregiver Interaction Scale (Arnett, 1989). Structural indicators of quality were identified through a Centre Questionnaire and a Staff Questionnaire developed for the You Bet I Care! study (Goelman et al. 2000) sent to centres prior to the observations. Using a median split, the caregivers' scores were divided into high and low scores and the structural indicators of the two groups were compared. The results were analysed first considering the scores of all observed caregivers together and then as two separate groups: caregivers of infants and toddlers and caregivers of children aged 3 to 6 years. The analysis revealed that certain features of the centre and characteristics of the caregiver were associated with higher levels of caregiver sensitivity. The features of the centre that were associated with caregiver sensitivity included financial issues (eg. wages), staff development, centre administration, and characteristics of the children in the centre. Characteristics of the caregivers that were associated with sensitivity were caregiver attitudes and beliefs, caregiver feelings about their work, and level of education. The results of this study suggest that caregiver sensitivity which is related to positive developmental outcomes for children may be enhanced through the active support of the larger community.
Multi-space excitation as an alternative to the Landauer picture for non-equilibrium quantum transport
Creators: name: Lee, Juho
name: Kim, Han Seul
name: Kim, Yong-Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the Landauer viewpoint constitutes a modern basis to understand nanoscale electronic transport and to realize first-principles implementations of the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism, seeking an alternative picture could be beneficial for the fundamental understanding and practical calculations of quantum transport processes. Herein, introducing a micro-canonical picture that maps the finite-bias quantum transport process to a drain-to-source or multi-electrode optical excitation, the multi-space constrained-search density functional theory (MS-DFT) formalism for first-principles electronic structure and quantum transport calculations is developed. Performing MS-DFT calculations for the benzenedithiolate single-molecule junction, it is shown that MS-DFT and standard DFT-NEGF calculations produce practically equivalent electronic and transmission data. Importantly, the variational convergence of "non-equilibrium total energy" within MS-DFT is demonstrated, which should have significant implications for in operando studies of nanoscale devices. Establishing a viable alternative to the Landauer viewpoint, the developed formalism should provide valuable atomistic information in the development of next-generation nanodevices.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
IRRIGATION DISTRICT ADOPTION OF WATER CONSERVING RATE STRUCTURES
Creators: name: Michelsen, Ari M.
name: McGuckin, J. Thomas
name: Taylor, R. Garth
name: Huffaker, Ray G.
name: Michelsen, Ari M.
name: McGuckin, J. Thomas
name: Taylor, R. Garth
name: Huffaker, Ray G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: A binary choice model was used to identify the attributes that influence irrigation district adoption of conservation rate structures. Using principles of rate design and irrigation district administration as a framework, measures of irrigation district rate structure objectives and physical and economic conditions were developed. The factors investigated characterize the constraints under which districts operate, value and cost of water, quantity of water delivered and revenue risk for districts. Rate structure adoption was predicted with over 75% accuracy. Both significant and non-significant factors are key to understanding rate choice. Districts were more likely to adopt conservation rate pricing when the cost of water to farmers was greater, higher value crops were grown and in areas with warmer and longer growing seasons. These conditions may be interpreted as reflecting the presence of greater opportunity costs in allocating water between low and higher valued uses. Conservation rate pricing was less likely to be adopted by districts where the proportion of alfalfa to total acreage was higher and with higher per acre deliveries of water. Somewhat surprisingly, annual variation in water deliveries (which should increase the risk of revenue shortfalls) and size of the district (larger districts being more sophisticated) have little bearing on the type of rate structure adopted.