cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Strength and anisotropy of textured ε-FeSi at extreme conditions
Creators: name: Kolesnikov, Efim
name: Kupenko, Ilya
name: Achorner, Melissa
name: Plückthun, Christian
name: Liermann, Hanns-Peter
name: Merkel, Sebastien
name: Sanchez-Valle, Carmen
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The cores of terrestrial planets are comprised of Fe-Ni alloys, with around 5-10 weight % of the light elements. They account for the observed core density deficit compared to the Fe-Ni alloy at high-pressure high-temperature conditions. Silicon has long been considered as a major light element of the cores due to its high cosmic abundance and ability to incorporate into the Fe-Ni alloy during core formation. Thus, Fe-Si alloys and compounds are likely to be present in the cores of terrestrial planets such as Mercury.

The seismological observations indicate that compressional waves travel slower through the equatorial plane of the Earth’s core compared to the waves traveling along the polar axis. This anisotropy is likely related to the plastic deformation of the inner core material. Yet, the effect of light elements on the plasticity of iron is poorly known.

Here we investigate lattice strains and textures of ε-FeSi up to 50 GPa at 300 K and 1100 K. We employed the radial x-ray diffraction technique using diamond anvil cells as deformation apparatus. We used our data to determine yield strength of ε-FeSi and to assess the sound-velocity anisotropy of the polycrystalline ε-FeSi as a function of pressure and temperature. Upon compression, FeSi aggregate does not develop strong textures and, as a result, shows weak sound-velocity anisotropy. The strength of the material is nearly temperature-independent. Thus, we infer the constraints on the silicon budget in planetary deepest interior by demonstrating that strong sound-velocity anisotropy is incompatible with the high silicon content.
Response of Coffee Supply to Change in Export Price for Washed and Unwashed Coffee of Ethiopia
Creators: name: Tesera, Zelalm
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2011

description: In this study supply response to economic variables was analyzed for the coffee industry in Ethiopia. The main economic variables studied in the supply response analysis were Production of coffee in Ethiopia and the rest of the world, coffees own price, the exchange rate and domestic consumption. Three supply response models were estimated, the first one allowing separate estimation of the effects of change in export price on supply of total coffee export (washed and unwashed coffee together) and the second and the third models were estimated to see the separate response of washed and unwashed coffee supply to change in export price. Data on production, consumption exchange rate and unit price were pooled to enable significance tests to detect differences in response between the washed and unwashed coffee. The main findings of the study are as follows 1. Total coffee (washed and unwashed) responsiveness to two time lagged price is .27 at 5% significant level and is positive which shows that coffee is fairly responsive to higher prices. 2. Response of unwashed coffee to two time lagged export price change is 0.24 which also shows that unwashed coffee is responsive to price change. 3. Despite higher price washed coffee earns over and above the unwashed coffee, its response to export price change is much lower and is found to be insignificant even at 10% significant level. This may be because of many reasons among which the major ones are, on the one hand limitedness of quantity of washed coffee produced and on the other hand washed coffee is not consumed domestically because of its higher price therefore the vi total volume of washed coffee produced is exported or sold for any price offered at the international market even if it is below the price at the local market. 4. There appears to be a lagged response of supply of coffee to price change and a two years lag of export price is found to have significant effect on supply. 5. Neither of the priori assumed factors that affect supply of coffee to the export market such as domestic consumption, world coffee supply and exchange rate are found significant.
Trade Policy and Economic Growth in Sub Saharan Africa: A Panel Data Approach
Creators: name: Arega, Henok
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2011

description: Despite a number of multi-country case studies utilizing comparable analytical frameworks, numerous econometric studies using large cross-country data sets, and important theoretical advances in growth theory, there is still disagreement among economists concerning how a country's international economic policies and its rate of economic growth interact. The central objective of this paper is to empirically assess the link between trade policy and economic growth in Sub Saharan Africa countries. Apart from reviewing different literatures, this study also provides empirical evidence on the relationship between economic growth and trade policies. In doing so, the study uses a panel data covering 47 Sub Saharan Africa countries over the periods 2000 – 2008. The estimation support claims that openness to international trade stimulates both economic growth and investment. Besides, trade policies such as average weighted tariff rate and real effective exchange rate have both direct and indirect impacts on economic growth.
Object segmentation and modelling through robotic manipulation and observing bilateral symmetry
Creators: name: Li., Wai Ho
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
title: Formation and deformation of Triassic skarn (Uppermost Unit, Crete/Greece)
Creators: name: Zulauf, Gernold
name: Gerdes, Axel
name: Krahl, Jochen Günther
name: Linckens, Jolien
name: Marschall, Horst
name: Millonig, Leo
name: Neuwirth, Nicolas
name: Petschick, Rainer
name: Pfänder, Jörg
name: Xypolias, Paris
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The nappes of the Uppermost Unit of Crete are counted among the most enigmatic constituents of the Eastern Mediterranean. U-Pb dating of zircons separated from felsic metavolcanics of the deepest Preveli nappe yielded Triassic emplacement ages at 237.3 ±1.8, 241.5 ±1.2 and 242.1 ±1.2 Ma. U-Pb dating of andradite-grossular of subvolcanic skarn yielded the same age at 239.3 ±2.3 Ma. The skarn is dominated by hydrous phases (ferri-actinolite, hydro-grandite, epidote), which developed at T = 400 – 450 °C in a rift-related setting due to fluid-assisted metasomatic reactions between limestone and mafic veins. Thus, U-Pb dating of skarn grandite allows dating the complementary record of hydrothermal activity related to the cooling of the causative melt. Early Cretaceous subduction caused deformation under epidote-blueschist facies conditions at T = 360 ±40 °C and P >1.0 GPa. An 39Ar-40Ar age of 125 ±10 Ma obtained from synkinematic ferri-winchite is interpreted to reflect the time of Eohellenic HP-LT metamorphism. During subduction, the differential stress was >300 MPa. Under these conditions, the garnet strain was accommodated not only by fracturing, but also by strain-induced grain boundary migration and subgrain formation. Thus, crystal plastic deformation of garnet is possible at temperatures far below the threshold temperature (ca. 500 °C) commonly reported for dislocation creep.

The new ages obtained from the Preveli nappe suggest the Uppermost Unit of Crete to be derived either from the peri-Rhodope domain of the Internal Hellenides or from the Pontides of northern Turkey.

Funding by DFG (Zu 73-34) is acknowledged.
High Dynamic Range X-ray Detector Pixel Architectures Utilizing Charge Removal
Creators: name: Weiss, Joel T.
name: Shanks, Katherine S.
name: Philipp, Hugh T.
name: Becker, Julian
name: Chamberlain, Darol
name: Purohit, Prafull
name: Tate, Mark W.
name: Gruner, Sol M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several charge integrating CMOS pixel front-ends utilizing charge removal techniques have been fabricated to extend dynamic range for x-ray diffraction applications at synchrotron sources and x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). The pixels described herein build on the Mixed Mode Pixel Array Detector (MM-PAD) framework, developed previously by our group to perform high dynamic range imaging. These new pixels boast several orders of magnitude improvement in maximum flux over the MM-PAD, which is capable of measuring a sustained flux in excess of 10$^{8}$ x-rays/pixel/second while maintaining sensitivity to smaller signals, down to single x-rays. To extend dynamic range, charge is removed from the integration node of the front-end amplifier without interrupting integration. The number of times this process occurs is recorded by a digital counter in the pixel. The parameter limiting full well is thereby shifted from the size of an integration capacitor to the depth of a digital counter. The result is similar to that achieved by counting pixel array detectors, but the integrators presented here are designed to tolerate a sustained flux >10$^{11}$ x-rays/pixel/second. Pixel front-end linearity was evaluated by direct current injection and results are presented. A small-scale readout ASIC utilizing these pixel architectures has been fabricated and the use of these architectures to increase single x-ray pulse dynamic range at XFELs is discussed briefly.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
title: A multi-methodological approach to investigate the erosion of arable land caused by the July 2021 flood event in Erftstadt-Blessem, Germany
Creators: name: Mohren, Joel
name: Binnie, Steven A.
name: Ritter, Matthias
name: Kautz, Tabea
name: Tiegelkamp, Sabine
name: Dunai, Tibor J.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Severe flooding in July 2021 has caused massive erosion of arable land located close to the village of Erftstadt-Blessem, Germany. Backward incision formed local drainage networks, evacuating Quaternary sediments towards a gravel pit located to the north of the village. The fluvially shaped topography was largely preserved after the flooding, providing the opportunity to characterise the mode of erosion and to identify factors that governed the manifestation of processes involved. The presence of somewhat exotic erosive features (e.g. amphitheatre-shaped channel heads, natural pipes) leads us to the hypothesis that groundwater sapping could have played a major role in eroding the arable land and underlying sediments. To test this hypothesis, we use Structure-from-Motion Multi-View Stereo photogrammetry to reconstruct drainage geometries (drone imagery provided by the Kreisverbindungskommando Köln, M. Wiese; supported by T. Gersthofer, ESRI Deutschland GmbH) and for in-situ density measurements of subsurface layers. Subsurface characteristics are further assessed by grain size analyses and X-ray diffractometry. The data are used to compare the post-flood topography of Erftstadt-Blessem to sapping-shaped topography on Earth and Mars. Furthermore, 239+240Pu activities are measured in pipe infills to investigate hypothetical spatial connections to the uppermost soil horizons. Burial dating techniques (cosmogenic 26Al/10Be and optically stimulated luminescence) are used to constrain the age of the eroded sediments. Our overarching goal is to use our data as input for landscape evolution modelling to assess the importance of individual factors (e.g. substrate properties, vegetation cover) on the severity of erosion in Erftstadt-Blessem and comparable settings.
Importance of Seed Treatment in Different Crops
Creators: name: P.N Raja Sekhar1* S. Krishnam Raju2, K.Lakshmi Kala3, and I.Venkata Reddy4
Publisher: name: trends in Agriculture Science
Year: 2024

description: Introduction

 

Seed treatment is the application of fungicides, insecticides, or biological agents directly to the seed before planting. It's a common practice used to protect seeds from pests and diseases, promote healthy germination, and enhance crop establishment. Here's an overview of seed treatment in different crops:
Railway Security Monitoring System Using Vibration Sensor and ZigBee for Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit
Creators: name: Goitom, Solomon
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Railways are prime mode of transportation and large infrastructures in many countries. Accidents occurring in railway transportation systems cause loss of precious lives and property. One of the major accidents occurring on railway transportation is at level crossing. So to avoid the level crossing accidents automatic gate control at a level crossing should be designed and applied. In this thesis automatic gate opening/closing operation is developed using PIC16F877A microcontroller and ZigBee technology. The system consists of mainly two sub sections, the base station and the train station. The base station receives an input from vibration sensor and feds to the microcontroller to be processed and send to control center via ZigBee transceiver. The amount of vibration coming from the train is measured using directional vibration sensor. In this thesis to find the level of the vibration a data measured from Sweden city train is taken and customized to fit the AA-LRT Salitemihret case. So using these data a corresponding analog voltage is obtained. The analog voltage is then converted to equivalent binary digits into a way the microcontroller is understood using ADC804. The binary digits are programmed in to away they give information about the position of the trains. Control central gets the position of the train then decision is made and a command to control the train side signals, road user signals and to operate the gate is sent back Via ZigBee. A voltage level 3.75 -5 volts (05 H) means the train is 282 meters away from the level crossing) a Red signal is displayed to the cars and passengers and a message "" Away is clear you can proceed with limited speed and care, thank you"" is displayed to the driver. In this thesis the simulation is done using Proteus software which is a nice interfacing environment and the program for this thesis is embedded C program.
title: Applications of fallout plutonium at the University of Cologne to resolve Anthropocene Earth (sub-)surface processes
Creators: name: Mohren, Joel
name: Binnie, Steven A.
name: Strub, Erik
name: Heinze, Stefan
name: Dunai, Tibor J.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Anthropogenic fallout radionuclides (FRNs), in particular 137Cs, are frequently measured to investigate Anthropocene sediment or soil particle redistribution patterns and rates. However, applications of 137Cs can be complicated due to contaminations from nuclear power plant accidents. In addition, decreasing global 137Cs activities mean that it will become increasingly difficult to measure in coming decades. Fallout 239+240Pu measured by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) remains largely unaffected by these issues and allows more precise measurements on smaller sample sizes. There is thus much potential for 239+240Pu in modern Earth (sub-)surface processes investigations. The Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, together with the Division of Nuclear Chemistry, and the Centre for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CologneAMS), University of Cologne, have developed 239+240Pu capabilities, calibrated against published and externally referenced in-house standards. Measurement uncertainties regularly achieved are < 5%. Based on these preconditions, we now aim to comprehensively exploit the wealth of possible 239+240Pu applications to decipher modern Earth (sub-)surface processes. We present a selection of ongoing projects, in which we assess deflation processes (South Africa, northern Chile), aspect-induced differential soil erosion (central Chile), seismic-induced boulder slip rates (northern Chile), and sediment transport through natural pipes associated with sapping processes (Germany). Furthermore, we test the application of 239+240Pu as proxy for rainfall in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile). Our approaches contribute to a better understanding of Earth (sub-)surface processes in the Anthropocene, and, where applicable, we seek to compare these data to longer-term background rates of topography formation.
ADAM low- and medium-resolution spectrograph for 1.6-m AZT-33IK telescope
Creators: name: Afanasiev, V. L.
name: Dodonov, S. N.
name: Amirkhanyan, V. R.
name: Moiseev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the design of a low- and medium-resolution spectrograph ( R=300-1300) developed at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SAO RAS) for the 1.6-m AZT-33IK telescope of Sayan Observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We report the results of laboratory measurements of the parameters of the instrument and tests performed on the SAO RAS 1-m Zeiss-1000 telescope. We measured the total quantum efficiency of the "spectrograph + telescope + detector" system on AZT-33IK telescope, which at its maximum reaches 56%. Such a hight transparency of the spectrograph allows it to be used with the 1.6-m telescope to determine the types and redshifts of objects with magnitudes m_AB~20-21, that was confirmed by actual observations.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Astrophysical Bulletin, 2016, vol. 71, No.4, p. 479
title: New avenues in isotope analyses: The Thermo Scientific™ Neoma™ MC-ICP-MS/MS
Creators: name: Pfeifer, Markus
name: Craig, Grant
name: Wehrs, Henning
name: Bouman, Claudia
name: Lloyd, Nicholas S.
name: Schwieters, Johannes B.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Multicollector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is irreplaceable in modern isotope ratio mass spectrometry of metals. The advent of this technique paved the way to analyze large parts of the periodic table to investigate scientific questions with up to single ppm precision. However, the application is limited by the presence of Ar-based interferences inherent to the Ar plasma source and by the need to elaborately purify samples by chemical treatment to overcome isobaric interferences.

The introduction of single-collector ICP-MS/MS instruments opened a new way of on-line chemical separation during the measurement by using a mass filter prior to a collision/reaction cell. A confined mass range can be introduced into the reaction cell where different chemical behavior of the elements allows selective mass shift reactions into another mass range that has been cleared by the mass filter for interference-free analyses. Great potential of this application has been identified in the field of in situ geochronology of beta-decay systems such as Rb-Sr.

The Neoma MS/MS combines for the first time the unprecedented precision of MC-ICP-MS with a proprietary pre-cell mass filter and the chemical selectivity of a collision/reaction cell in a commercially available instrument. Earlier analytical concepts were improved by a novel pre-cell mass filter and hexapole collision/reaction cell to guarantee the full performance of the standard Neoma MC-ICP-MS while adding the new abilities of MS/MS. Here, we report on the benefits for a variety of new applications within geosciences.
Economic Growth and the Quality of Life Nexus in Ethiopia: A Time Series Analysis
Creators: name: Asmare, Esubalew
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2013

description: To what extent are improvements in quality of life (material living levels, consumption, education/literacy, urban dwelling, political and civil rights, and the like) associated with economic growth? International comparisons of quality of life (QOL) conditions usually point to a strong positive association with real GDP per capita. This study investigates the nexus between economic growth and quality of life using objective indicators (economic, social and political representative variables) in Ethiopia for the period 1981 to 2011. Applying both descriptive and econometric analyses, the study uses the long run and short run estimation approaches for econometrics part. The results from the descriptive analysis confirmed that on average, all the variables in the objective indicators of quality of life have shown a rising trend. Moreover, among these, education enrollment and per capita consumption expenditure have shown strong correlation with economic growth. The empirical results indicated that, the relationship between economic growth and objective indicators of quality of life is significant (at 1 %) with a positive sign in the long run. In the short run, economic growth has significant (at 5%) relationship with per capita consumption expenditure and gross education enrollment ratio and insignificant relationship with political freedom. The study also identified the existence of considerable relationship among the QOL indicators. It suggests adjustments in the short run path of economic growth and urbanization
Scaling crossover in thin-film drag dynamics of fluid drops in the Hele-Shaw cell
Creators: name: Yahashi, Misato
name: Kimoto, Natsuki
name: Okumura, Ko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study both experimentally and theoretically the descending motion due to gravity of a fluid drop surrounded by another immiscible fluid in a confined space between two parallel plates, i.e., in the Hele-Shaw cell. As a result, we show a new scaling regime of a nonlinear drag friction in viscous liquid that replaces the well-known Stokes' drag friction through a clear collapse of experimental data thanks to the scaling law. In the novel regime, the dissipation in the liquid thin film formed between the drop and cell walls governs the dynamics. The crossover of this scaling regime to another scaling regime in which the dissipation inside the droplet is dominant is clearly demonstrated and a phase diagram separating these scaling regimes is presented.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
title: UHT granulites from the Kaapvaal craton – garnet U-Pb ages record a long period of extreme temperatures in the lower crust in the Archean
Creators: name: Brey, Gerhard Peter
name: Shu, Qiao
name: Marschall, Horst
name: Gerdes, Axel
name: Beranoaguirre, Aratz
name: Albert, Richard
name: Hoefer, Heidi Evamaria
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Ultrahigh temperature granulite xenoliths are reported from four cretaceous kimberlites on the Kaapvaal craton that are aligned along the NNE axis of the Witwatersrand basin. The granulites consist of garnet, sillimanite, sapphirine, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and quartz in various proportions. Peak metamorphic conditions were estimated from garnet+sapphirine+quartz to lie above 1050°C and pressures between 0.9 – 1.2 GPa (Dawson et al., 1997). Zircons gave ages around 2.72 Ga (Schmitz and Bowring, 2003), the same age as the voluminous Ventersdorp flood basalts.

We determined U-Pb ages and trace element contents simultaneously on garnets by split stream LA ICP MS. Sixteen ages fell between 2.9 and 3.1 Ga (± 0.06 Ga) and two overlap with the zircons. We interpret the data such that the main age group records a prolonged period of UHT metamorphism of ca. 200 Ma. Such an extended duration can be attributed to a thickened crust, high contents of radioactive elements and high thermal advection from the mantle in the Archean (Harley, 2016). Witnesses of high temperature processes during that period are the 3.1 Ga granulite metamorphism at mid-crust level of the Vredefort dome, voluminous K-accentuated granitoid intrusions (3.14 -3.04 Ga), the continuous infilling of the Witwatersrand basin between 2.96 and 2.78 Ga with basaltic magmas at its base and intercalated between its sediments and the final collision of the Kaapvaal East and West Blocks at around 2.9 Ga. The two youngest garnet and the zircon ages may reflect a reestablishment of UHT conditions by the Ventersdorp magmatism.
MPEC 2024-Q88 : 2024 QU1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 QU1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Fatigue Analysis of The Rail Fastening E-Clamp on AA-LRT
Creators: name: Houmed, Walino
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: The goal of this study is analyzing and identifying the stresses on E-clamp due to the wheel load to predict and minimize failures caused. This study covers the stress and failure caused by the wheel load. Under normal track and load conditions, E-clamp fail due to high cycle fatigue. The 3D model has done on modeling package of CATIAV5R19. In CATIAV5R19, different components of wheel/rail assembly i.e. wheel, rail, E-clamp, bolt, nuts, rail pad are created separately then all components are assembled, and create a complete model of wheel/rail assembly. Assembly model has created in assemble workbench of CATIA after individual component of joint had created on part work bench. After the assembly is accomplished on CATIA, it was imported in to the ANSYS v14.0 to analyze the stress caused by vertical load. The meshing type for this research is medium size meshing. All the material properties are being applied. During the analysis of wheel/rail contact in ANSYS software, the parameters have been used wheel load angular and simulation result is obtained. The analysis includes fatigue stress von miss stresses, shear stress and Equivalent elastic strain and fatigue life. These values have been determined under the influence of wheel load. The result obtained in this analysis is less and better stress values for E-clamp by the modified geometry. This paper recommends that during the analysis of E-clamp that the new geometry E-clamp is better than the existing. For the similar problem engineers can develop the solutions by modification of the geometry of rail fastening component parts.
Assessment of challenges on import customs procedure in relation to trade facilitation and control in the case of ERCA Addis Ababa Kality branch
Creators: name: Desta, Lemlem
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Ethiopia Revenue and Customs Authority perform differing activities to improve trade facilitation. The strategic activities for improving trade facilitation are automation, risk management, human resource management, customs procedure, cooperation and coordination with stakeholder on the three departments of Customs clearance, transit, and warehouse. By improving activities in this area of operation it can assist ERCA making a valuable contribution to the achievement of their strategy. This study aimed at directing ERCA of Kality Branch performing trade facilitation towards gaining benefits through better discharging of its responsibilities. The study employed mixed research methodology .The data for this current investigation was collected from both primary and secondary source. For the study the concerned bodies were interviewed, questioners are distributed for staffs and customs clearing agents. Finally descriptive analysis of table, Bar charts, and narration was used to interpret the different data obtained through questionnaire and interview method of data collection and based on the findings the study recommended suggestions.The findings of the study revealed the following major challenges Risk management in import clearance , lack of proper information flow for risk profiling purposes,lack of cooperation with other departments in the Branch Office as well as lack of coordination with the national intelligence unit for third party information sharing for risk profiling, lack of experienced and trained customs employees, lack of skills in order to utilize ASYCUDA++ for trade facilitation, automation,Unclear, inconsistent, unpredictable, non-harmonized and complicated criteria to obtain import customs formalities, and Lack of cooperation and coordination among customs and other agencies in Branch Office.To overcome the challenges it is important to create sound human resource management system that is suitable for employees, the branch should significantly implement automation system that support the warehousing procedure, continuous training and coaching, Customs administration should design effective cooperation and coordination mechanisms through the aid of modern technology to ensure effective and efficient information flow for risk profiling and for the development of organized and updated risk profile database. This also should be supported by proper learning and training, performance evaluation programs that improve staff competency in risk management
The Momentum Distribution of Liquid $^3$He
Creators: name: Bryan, Matthew S.
name: Prisk, Timothy R.
name: Azuah, Richard T.
name: Stirling, William G.
name: Sokol, Paul E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution neutron Compton scattering measurements of liquid $^3$He below its renormalized Fermi temperature. Theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental data when instrumental resolution and final state effects are accounted for. Our results resolve the long-standing inconsistency between theoretical and experimental estimates of the average atomic kinetic energy.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Design and Setup of a Post-Compressor Adaptive Optics Loop at PHELIX
Creators: name: Ohland, Jonas Benjamin
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2022

description: This work aimed to provide advanced control over the focal spot of the PHELIX laser by the means of implementing a post-compressor adaptive optics loop. The ultimate goal was to increase the peak intensity on the target, which is critical for a lot of experiments that are based on laser-plasma interaction. Over the course of this thesis, I implemented an ultra-compact wavefront sensor, which could successfully measure the wavefront over the full 28 cm aperture of the PHELIX laser on a footprint of 2×1 meters for the full energy range of PHELIX. This sensor was used to run a closed control loop with a commercial deformable mirror. Furthermore, I developed a calibration routine for the sensor, which enabled finding the optimum achivable wavefront at the focal spot in the target chamber. Together with this routine, I was able to triple the intensity on target up to 1.4·10²¹ W/cm². This was the first time where an intensity of more than 10²¹ W/cm² could be reached systematically at PHELIX. Lastly, we performed an experiment in the group which provided a qualitative prove of the on-shot intensity gain by observing the transmission of the laser pulse through polystyrene foils of various thicknesses. The result verified the successful optimization of the peak intensity.
title: Crystal Growth and Characterization of the 12L-Perovskite Ba4CeIr3O12
Creators: name: Schilling, Henrik
name: Becker, Petra
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Highly frustrated magnetic systems are of great interest due to their exceptional properties and are topic of active research in solid state sciences. Within these systems, there are promising structures to investigate, such as perovskites with a 12L stacking sequence. The 12L-perovskites are characterized by isolated M3O12 triples of face-sharing [MO6] octahedra (“trimers”) [1]. For Ba4CeIr3O12 it is expected that for each [Ir3IVO12] trimer a total magnetic moment S ≠ 0 will result which can lead to competing intra- and inter-trimer magnetic interactions at low temperatures.       For investigation of their magnetic properties, large single crystals of Ba4CeIr3O12 are necessary. However, so far in literature only powder samples are reported [1] and no information about the phase diagram is available for this compound. With the aim of growing large single crystals of Ba4CeIr3O12 we examined the ternary system of BaO – CeO2 – IrO2 with focus on the stability of the 12L-perovskite phase. Through our investigations it was possible to grow single crystals of Ba4CeIr3O12 of up to 100 µm in size. The crystals were grown from melt solution using a BaCl2 flux and a cooling rate of 3 K/h between 1300 K and 800 K. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction and the temperature-dependent phase stability was investigated by simultaneous thermal analysis (STA).

[1] Y. Shimoda, Y. Doi, M. Wakeshima, Y. Hinatsu, Inorg. Chem. 48 (2009) 9952-9957
The Effect of Defense Expenditure on Economic Growth in the Sub-Saharan African Countries: Panel Data Evidence
Creators: name: Endale, Kefyalew
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2007

description: This paper is a contribution to the debate on the nexus between defense burden and economic growth in less-developed countries. It also aims to identify the determinants of defense burden. The study is based on 38 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1983-2002. Based on the Hausman (1978) test, random effect estimator model is selected and employed in the analysis. The empirical result shows that defense burden is destructive to real GDP growth. At sectoral level, its marginal effect on the value added growth of manufacturing and agriculture is significant and negative. These negative effects are especially high in the low income countries. Thus it is necessary to reduce the excessive and unproductive defense expenditure in the region to promote sustainable economic growth and to reduce the persistent poverty.
Nonlinear algebraic systems with discontinuous terms
Creators: name: Bisci, Giovanni Molica
name: Repovš, Dušan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 38J20, 39A10, 34B15, 49J40

description: Using a multiple critical points theorem for locally Lipschitz continuous functionals, we establish the existence of at least three distinct solutions for a parametric discrete differential inclusion problem involving a real symmetric and positive definite matrix. Applications to tridiagonal, fourth-order and partial difference inclusions are presented.
Fuzzy 2 Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV System
Creators: name: Butt, Bakhtawar
name: Hassan, Syed Zulqadar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400803
subject: Electrical energy generation (incl. renewables, excl. photovoltaics)

description: this research present methods to optimize the energy extraction in a PV power system. The maximum power of PV module varies due to changing temperature, solar radiations, and load. To maximize efficiency, PV system use a MPPT to constantly extract the highest power that can be produced by solar panel and then deliver it to load. The general structure of an MPPT system contains a DC-DC converter (an electronic device that convert a source of DC from one voltage level to another) and a controller. The MPPT finds and maintains operations at maximum power point using a tracking algorithm during variations in weather conditions. Many different algorithms of MPPT have been proposed and discussed but most of these Methods have disadvantages in terms of efficiency, accuracy and flexibility. Because of nonlinear behavior of PV module current – voltage characteristics and the nonlinear of DC-DC converters due to switching, conventional controllers are unable to provide the best response, especially when dealing with wide parameter variations and line transients. The goal of this work is to design and implement a MPPT that uses a fuzzy-2 Based Maximum Power Point control algorithm. Fuzzy logic naturally provides a superior controller for this type of nonlinear application. This method also benefits from the artificial intelligence approach for overcoming the complexity in modeling nonlinear systems. In order to succeed in this, work an MPPT system consisting of PV module, DC-DC converter, Batteries, and a fuzzy-2 controller is designed and simulated in Simulink. Analyses the working of fuzzy-2 in the entire system. A model of PV module with the boost converter and batteries is simulated in MATLAB to derive the expert knowledge needed. The result show that the fuzzy-2 Based Maximum power Point is able to obtain the desisted outcomes is ready to be applied to the hardware system.
Neutralino pair production via photon-photon collisions at the ILC
Creators: name: Demirci, M.
name: Ahmadov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide complete one-loop predictions for the direct production of the neutralino pairs via photon-photon collisions which appears for the first time at one-loop level in the minimal supersymmetric standard model at the International Linear Collider. We present a comprehensive investigation of the dependence of total cross section on the center-of-mass energy and the tan$β$ for three different scenarios based on gaugino/Higgsino fractions of the neutralinos. Furthermore, by investigating the behavior with the most relevant parameters $μ$ and $M_2$, we exhibit regions of the parameter space where the enhancement of the cross section is large enough to be detectable at linear colliders. Our analysis shows that the corresponding production cross section reaches its highest values when the lightest neutralino $\widetildeχ_{1}^0$ has a dominant Higgsino component and/or the next-to-lightest neutralino $\widetildeχ_{2}^0$ has a dominant gaugino component.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
From WG2 Datathon to AWAC2. Exploring IIPC special COVID collection thanks to the Archive Unleashed Project
Creators: name: Brügger, Niels
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Frédéric Clavert and Valérie Schafer, Working Group 2: From WG2 Datathon to AWAC2. Exploring IIPC special COVID collection thanks to the Archive Unleashed Project,
 Aarhus Autumn Meeting 2021, Thursday 4 November
Enhancing motorway travel time prediction models through explicit incorporation of travel time variability
Creators: name: Li., Ruimin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
title: Challenges in the determination of highly accurate experimental mineral-melt partition coefficients
Creators: name: Haupt, Cordula
name: Klemme, Stephan
name: Stracke, Andreas
name: Renggli, Christian
name: Berndt, Jasper
name: Klaver, Martijn
name: Schwinger, Sabrina
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Partition coefficients (D) depend on temperature, pressure, redox conditions, and on the chemical composition of solid and liquid. Trace element modeling of evolution of the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) rely on modeled and experimentally determined D’s. However, most of these D’s have large uncertainties, due to the in-situ analytical methods commonly used. Our aim is to develop an improved technique to obtain more accurate trace element partition coefficients from experimental samples. Since clinopyroxene (Cpx) is the most important carrier of trace elements in the crystallizing LMO, we currently focus on Cpx/melt partitioning.

We conducted 1-atm experiments with lunar compositions based on previous studies in gas-mixing furnaces. Starting material compositions contain a variety of trace elements including REE, transition metals, large ion lithophile and high field strength elements. Using the Re-wire loop technique, the experiments cover fO2 relevant for the Moon (i.e., IW to IW-2).

We measured mineral separates and glasses using isotope dilution ICP-MS methods. The separation of Cpx and glass from the experimental mounts is a key challenge. We compare mechanical separation by drilling using a Micro-Mill 2.0 (Element Scientific Lasers) with separation by hand-picking and in-situ LA-ICP-MS measurements to assess which method yields the most accurate D’s.

Our new partition coefficients of key trace elements in the LMO will improve models for its evolution.
Wear Rate Analysis of Overhead Line Contact Wire by Considering Current Effect Using ANSYS.
Creators: name: Taha, Ahmed Abdourahman
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: The overhead line and pantograph is the two contacting bodies Wear on overhead line is one of the greatest problems in the railway industry. To overcome the problem of wear on overhead line different studies have been made. A better material selection that can withstand material loss due to sliding is the major solution that has been carried out but the effect of electrical force together with mechanical load is still challenge. In this research, the combined effect electric field and mechanical load is considered on wear of overhead line. In order to analyses overhead line wear rate the electric field effect due to the operational current and mechanical load effect has been under consideration. The modeling of pin-on-disc is made in CATIA software, the structural analysis is done using ANSYS workbench. The structural analysis is then used the stresses of the material of pin. In this cases, the applied load increases with operational current increases then the equivalents stresses increases. The wear rate increases with the operational current increases, so the better material in this researcher is the CuNiCr material because it has good wear resistance. Finally, this paper suggests this material to be used for contact wire material.
title: GARNET GROWTH IN A KYANITE-BEARING PERALUMINOUS PEGMATOID FROM THE MOLDANUBIAN ZONE (BOHEMIAN MASSIF, AT)
Creators: name: Kohn, Victoria
name: Griffiths, Thomas
name: Alifirova, Taisia
name: Daneu, Nina
name: Abart, Rainer
name: Habler, Gerlinde
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
An 8 mm sized almandine-spessartine garnet from the Moldanubian Gföhl Unit (Bohemian Massif, AT) displays asymmetric morphology and several zoning types, reflected by varying inclusion microstructures and garnet colour. Different characteristics of oscillatory, sector, concentric and non-concentric zoning serve to decipher several phases of garnet crystallization from pegmatoid melt.

Directed garnet growth is corroborated by (i) asymmetric crystal morphology with irregular shape on one side and idiomorphic facets on the other, (ii) asymmetric compositional zoning, (iii) absence of two rim zones on the irregular side which are clearly discernible on the idiomorphic side and (iv) presence of a garnet reaction rim on the irregular side exclusively.

The garnet composition and microstructural zoning are not necessarily spatially correlated. Major element composition can show continuous trends, despite striking microstructural changes. Contrastingly, domains with the same microstructural characteristics can display differences in compositional details. Therefore, compositional and microstructural zoning seem to be governed by different parameters that change during garnet crystallization.

Sector and oscillatory zoning are reflected by inclusion microstructure and colouring of the garnet host. Grt{110} and Grt{112} growth sectors contain various inclusion types in different ratios, where dodecahedral sectors show prevalence of phosphates over rutile, vice versa for trapezohedral sectors. In addition to non-concentric zoning, these observations indicate a local and crystallographically assisted inclusion origin. Instead of external forcings (Jamtveit 1991, Am Min 76), oscillatory zoning is interpreted to reflect a self-organized process at the garnet-melt interface (Allègre et al. 1981, Nature 294).

The Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I4285-N37 is acknowledged.
Structural Response Evaluation of Concrete Sleeper under Increasing Train Speed and Axle Load
Creators: name: Tibebu, Paulos
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: Nowadays the railway tracks are subjected to high train speed and freight tonnage which in turn cause deterioration to track components and affect the geometry and service life of the track. The type of track loading and its quantity combined with varying traffic conditions have a great effect on the structural behaviour of sleepers. Hence the need for studying the sleepers' structural response under different loading conditions such as increasing train speed and axle load is of great significance. To study the effects of increase in speed and axle load on the structural response of prestressed concrete sleeper, a three-dimensional ballast track and a separate concrete sleeper with a detailed feature are modelled by using commercial finite element package, ANSYS. Speed is considered at four different rates which are 80, 120, 160 and 200 km/h and axle load at 23, 25, 27 and 29 ton. Since it is practical to improve track property before increasing load above its design limit, the existing track model (Model 1) is modified to obtain a track model with better rail profile and pad stiffness (Model 2) and the effect of track improvement on structural response of the sleeper is investigated. Two types of ballast support conditions, which are mentioned in AREMA manual, are also considered to investigate the effect of difference in support condition. These support conditions are categorised as Case 1(L eff ≅ 2L/3) and Case 2 (L = L) for the purpose of this thesis. Both dynamic and static structural analyses are employed to get rail seat load from the track models and to analyse the response of prestressed concrete sleeper respectively. The analysis results show that the increase in speed from 80 to 200 km/h which is 150% increment increases the bending stress and deflection in about 40.3% and increase in axle load from 23 ton to 29 ton which is about 26.1% increment increases the bending stress and deflection in about 26.1% with Model 1. With the same increment in speed and axle load, improving the track model (Model 2) reduced the percentage increment of bending stress and deflection by about 13.8% in the case of speed and 12.6% in the case of axle load. This indicates the bending stress and deflection of the sleeper are affected slightly by the speed variation while axle load increment affects significantly.