cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Norma cluster (ACO3627) -- III. The Distance and Peculiar Velocity via the Near-Infrared Ks-band Fundamental Plane
Creators: name: Mutabazi, T.
name: Blyth, S. L.
name: Woudt, P. A.
name: Lucey, J. R.
name: Jarrett, T. H.
name: Bilicki, M.
name: Schroder, A. C.
name: Moore, S. A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While Norma (ACO3627) is the richest cluster in the Great Attractor (GA) region, its role in the local dynamics is poorly understood. The Norma cluster has a mean redshift (z_CMB) of 0.0165 and has been proposed as the "core" of the GA. We have used the Ks-band Fundamental Plane (FP) to measure Norma cluster's distance with respect to the Coma cluster. We report FP photometry parameters (effective radii and surface brightnesses), derived from ESO NTT SOFI images, and velocity dispersions, from AAT 2dF spectroscopy, for 31 early-type galaxies in the cluster. For the Coma cluster we use 2MASS images and SDSS velocity dispersion measurements for 121 early-type galaxies to generate the calibrating FP dataset. For the combined Norma-Coma sample we measure FP coefficients of a=1.465+/-0.059 and b=0.326+/-0.020. We find an rms scatter, in log(central velocity dispersion) of 0.08 dex which corresponds to a distance uncertainty of 28% per galaxy. The zero point offset between Norma's and Coma's FPs is 0.154+/-0.014 dex. Assuming that the Coma cluster is at rest with respect to the cosmic microwave background frame and z_CMB(Coma)=0.0240, we derive a distance to the Norma cluster of 5026+/-160 km/s, and the derived peculiar velocity is -72+/-170 km/s, i.e., consistent with zero. This is lower than previously reported positive peculiar velocities for clusters/groups/galaxies in the GA region and hence the Norma cluster may indeed represent the GA's "core".
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Time Delay and Accretion Disk Size Measurements in the Lensed Quasar SBS 0909+532 from Multiwavelength Microlensing Analysis
Creators: name: Hainline, Laura J.
name: Morgan, Christopher W.
name: MacLeod, Chelsea L.
name: Landaal, Zachary D.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Harris, Hugh C.
name: Tilleman, Trudy
name: Goicoechea, L. J.
name: Shalyapin, V. N.
name: Falco, Emilio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three complete seasons and two half-seasons of SDSS r-band photometry of the gravitationally lensed quasar SBS 0909+532 from the U.S. Naval Observatory, as well as two seasons each of SDSS g-band and r-band monitoring from the Liverpool Robotic Telescope. Using Monte Carlo simulations to simultaneously measure the system's time delay and model the r-band microlensing variability, we confirm and significantly refine the precision of the system's time delay to Δt_{AB} = 50^{+2}_{-4} days, where the stated uncertainties represent the bounds of the formal 1σ confidence interval. There may be a conflict between the time delay measurement and a lens consisting of a single galaxy. While models based on the Hubble Space Telescope astrometry and a relatively compact stellar distribution can reproduce the observed delay, the models have somewhat less dark matter than we would typically expect. We also carry out a joint analysis of the microlensing variability in the r- and g-bands to constrain the size of the quasar's continuum source at these wavelengths, obtaining log[(r_{s,r}/cm) [cos{i}/0.5]^{1/2}] = 15.3 \pm 0.3 and log[(r_{s,g}/cm) [cos{i}/0.5]^{1/2}] = 14.8 \pm 0.9, respectively. Our current results do not formally constrain the temperature profile of the accretion disk but are consistent with the expectations of standard thin disk theory.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
1D Diffeomorphism Invariant Model of a Free Scalar Relativistic Particle: Supervariable and BRST Approaches
Creators: name: Chauhan, B.
name: Rao, A. K.
name: Tripathi, A.
name: Malik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the supervariable approach to derive the proper quantum Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetries for the 1D diffeomorphism invariant model of a free scalar relativistic particle by exploiting the infinitesimal classical reparameterization (i.e. 1D diffeomorphism) symmetry of this theory. We derive the conserved and off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges and prove their absolute anticommutativity property by using the virtues of Curci-Ferrari (CF)-type restriction of our present theory. We establish the sanctity of the existence of CF-type restriction (i) by considering the (anti-)BRST symmetry transformations of the coupled (but equivalent) Lagrangians, and (ii) by proving the symmetry invariance of the Lagrangians within the framework of supervariable approach. We capture the nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity of the conserved (anti-)BRST charges within the framework of (anti-)chiral supervariable approach (ACSA) to BRST formalism. One of the novel observations of our present endeavor is the derivation of CF-type restriction by using the modified Bonora-Tonin (BT) supervariable approach (while deriving the (anti-)BRST symmetries for the target spacetime and/or momenta variables) and by symmetry considerations of the Lagrangians of the theory. The rest of the (anti-)BRST symmetries, for the other variables, are derived by using the newly proposed ACSA. We also demonstrate the existence of CF-type restriction in the proof of absolute anticommutativity of the (anti-)BRST charges.
description: LaTeX file, 29 pages, minor modifications in the title and text, references expanded, version to appear in IJMPA
Implementation of the Cluster Based Tunable Sleep Transistor Cell Power Gating Technique for a 4x4 Multiplier Circuit
Creators: name: Saha, Dipankar
name: Basak, Subhramita
name: Mukherjee, Sagar
name: Chatterjee, Sayan
name: Sarkar, C. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A modular, programmable, and high performance Power Gating strategy, called cluster based tunable sleep transistor cell Power Gating, has been introduced in the present paper with a few modifications. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of its performance with some of the other conventional Power Gating schemes; such as Cluster Based Sleep Transistor Design (CBSTD), Distributed Sleep Transistor Network (DSTN) etc.; has also been presented here. Considering the constraints of power consumption, performance, and the area overhead, while doing the actual implementation of any Power Gating scheme, it becomes important to deal with the various design issues like the proper sizing of the sleep transistors (STs), controlling the voltage drop (IR drop) across the STs, and obviously maintaining a desired performance with lower amount of delay degradation. With this notion, we tried to find out an efficient Power Gating strategy which can reduce the overall power consumption of any CMOS circuit by virtue of reducing the standby mode leakage current. Taking the different performance parameters into account, for an example circuit, which is actually the conventional 4x4 multiplier design, we found that the modified tunable sleep transistor cell Power Gating gives very much promising results. The reported architecture of the 4x4 multiplier with the tunable sleep transistor cell Power Gating, is designed using 45 nm technology and it consumes 1.3638x10-5 Watt of Average Power while being operated with the nominal case of the bit configuration word, that is, 1000. ...........
description: another version of this work can be downloaded from "International Journal of Computer Applications"
Generalized curvature for the optimal transport problem induced by a Tonelli Lagrangian
Creators: name: Yang, Yuchuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A15, 49Q22, 53A99

description: We propose a generalized curvature that is motivated by the optimal transport problem on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with cost induced by a Tonelli Lagrangian $L$. We show that non-negativity of the generalized curvature implies displacement convexity of the generalized entropy functional on the $L-$Wasserstein space along $C^2$ displacement interpolants.
description: 24 pages
Patrizia: "Ich kann nicht widerstehen den Schrecken aller Ehemänner kennen zu lernen, selbst auf die Gefahr hin das historische Eherecht zu verletzen." Schnapp-Hahnsky: "Ich bin ganz entzückt über den Fortschritt den die Emancipation gemacht hat; um aber Ihre Besorgnis noch zu beseitigen mögen sie wissen: das historische Recht hat keinen Datum nicht".; [1848]
Creators: name: Stern, S.
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: herausgegeben u. zu haben bei S. Stern in Offenbach
Lévy $α$-stable model for the non-exponential low-$|t|$ proton-proton differential cross section
Creators: name: Csörgő, T.
name: Hegyi, S.
name: Szanyi, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the Real Extended Bialas-Bzdak (ReBB) model describes the proton-proton ($pp$) and proton-antiproton ($p\bar p$) differential cross-section data in a statistically non-excludible way,\linebreak i.e., with a confidence level greater than or equal to 0.1\% in the center of mass energy range \linebreak 546 GeV $\leq\sqrt{s}\leq$ 8 TeV and in the squared four-momentum transfer range 0.37 GeV$^2$ $\leq -t\leq$ 1.2 GeV$^2$. Considering, instead of Gaussian, a more general Lévy $α$-stable shape for the parton distributions of the constituent quark and diquark inside the proton and for the relative separation between them, a generalized description of data is obtained, where the ReBB model corresponds to the $α=$ 2 special case. Extending the model to $α<$ 2, we conjecture that the validity of the model can be extended to a wider kinematic range, in particular, to lower values of the four-momentum transfer $-t$. We present the formal Lévy $α$-stable generalization of the Bialas-Bzdak model and show that a simplified version of this model can be successfully fitted, with $α<$ 2, to the non-exponential, low $-t$ differential cross-section data of elastic proton-proton scattering at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Loci of 3-periodics in an Elliptic Billiard: why so many ellipses?
Creators: name: Garcia, Ronaldo
name: Koiller, Jair
name: Reznik, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 37-40, 51N20, 51M04, 51-04

description: A triangle center such as the incenter, barycenter, etc., is specified by a function thrice- and cyclically applied on sidelengths and/or angles. Consider the 1d family of 3-periodics in the elliptic billiard, and the loci of its triangle centers. Some will sweep ellipses, and others higher-degree algebraic curves. We propose two rigorous methods to prove if the locus of a given center is an ellipse: one based on computer algebra, and another based on an algebro-geometric method. We also prove that if the triangle center function is rational on sidelengths, the locus is algebraic
description: 26 pages, 16 Figures, 6 Tables, 13 videos
Global analytic hypoellipticity for a class of evolution operators on $\mathbb{T}^1\times\mathbb{S}^3$
Creators: name: Kirilov, Alexandre
name: da Silva, Ricardo Paleari
name: de Moraes, Wagner Augusto Almeida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 35R03, 58D25, Secondary 35H10, 43A80

description: In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions to have global analytic hypoellipticity for a class of first-order operators defined on $\mathbb{T}^1 \times \mathbb{S}^3$. In the case of real-valued coefficients, we prove that an operator in this class is conjugated to a constant-coefficient operator satisfying a Diophantine condition, and that such conjugation preserves the global analytic hypoellipticity. In the case where the imaginary part of the coefficients is non-zero, we show that the operator is globally analytic hypoelliptic if the Nirenberg-Treves condition ($\mathcal{P}$) holds, in addition to a Diophantine condition.
description: 24 pages
Examining resonant inelastic spontaneous scattering of classical Laguerre-Gauss beams from molecules
Creators: name: Rury, Aaron S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper theoretically treats the spontaneous resonant inelastic scattering of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams from the totally symmetric vibrations of complex polyatomic molecules within the semi-classical framework. We develop an interaction Hamiltonian that accounts for the position of the molecule within the excitation beam to derive the effective differential scattering cross-section of a classical LG beam from a molecule using the frequency domain third order nonlinear optical response function. To gain physical insight into this scattering process, we utilize a model vibronic molecule to study the changes to this scattering process. For specific molecular parameters including vibrational frequency and relative displacement of the involved electronic states, this investigation shows that an incident LG beam asymmetrically enhances one of two participating excitation transitions causing modulation of the interference present in the scattering process. This modulation allows a pathway to coherent control of resonant inelastic scattering from complex, poly-atomic molecules. We discuss the possible application of this control to the resonant x-ray inelastic scattering (RIXS) of small poly-atomic molecules central to applications ranging from single molecule electronics to solar energy science.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Study of Jupiter's Interior with Quadratic Monte Carlo Simulations
Creators: name: Militzer, Burkhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct models for Jupiter's interior that match the gravity data obtained by the Juno and Galileo spacecrafts. To generate ensembles of models, we introduce a novel quadratic Monte Carlo technique that is more efficient in confining fitness landscapes than affine invariant method that relies on linear stretch moves. We compare how long it takes the ensembles of walkers in both methods to travel to the most relevant parameter region. Once there, we compare the autocorrelation time and error bars of the two methods. For a ring potential and the 2d Rosenbrock function, we find that our quadratic Monte Carlo technique is significantly more efficient. Furthermore we modified the walk moves by adding a scaling factor. We provide the source code and examples so that this method can be applied elsewhere. Here we employ our method to generate five-layer models for Jupiter's interior that include winds and a prominent dilute core, which allows us to match the planet's even and odd gravity harmonics. We compare predictions from the different model ensembles and analyze how much an increase of the temperature at 1 bar and ad hoc change to the equation of state affects the inferred amount of heavy elements in atmosphere and in the planet overall.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
SMBH accretion & mergers: removing the symmetries
Creators: name: King, Andrew
name: Nixon, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent progress in studying accretion flows on to supermassive black holes (SMBH). Much of this removes earlier assumptions of symmetry and regularity, such as aligned and prograde disc rotation. This allows a much richer variety of effects, often because cancellation of angular momentum allows rapid infall. Potential applications include lower SMBH spins allowing faster mass growth and suppressing gravitational-wave reaction recoil in mergers, gas-assisted SMBH mergers, and near-dynamical accretion in galaxy centres.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. Invited article for the focus issue on astrophysical black holes in Classical and Quantum Gravity, guest editors: D. Merritt and L. Rezzolla
Dimension Distortion by Right Coset Projections in the Heisenberg Group
Creators: name: Harris, Terence L. J.
name: Huynh, Chi N. Y.
name: Roman-Garcia, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A78, 53C17

description: We study the family of vertical projections whose fibers are right cosets of horizontal planes in the Heisenberg group, $\mathbb{H}^n$. We prove lower bounds for Hausdorff dimension distortion of sets under these mappings, with respect to the Euclidean metric and also the natural quotient metric which we show behaves like the Euclidean metric in this context. Our bounds are sharp in a large part of the dimension range, and we give conjectural sharp lower bounds for the remaining range. Our approach also lets us improve the known almost sure lower bound for the standard family of vertical projections in $\mathbb{H}^n$ for $n \geq 2$.
Steam the Tea: The Sino-Russian Brick Tea Market in The Late 19th Century Hankou
Creators: name: Sun, Lejiu
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 19th century
subject: International Trade
subject: Tea
subject: Food History
subject: Microhistory
subject: China
subject: Russia
subject: Sino-Russian Trade
subject: Hankou

description: The 19th century is often synonymous with intense great power competition and conflicts among ascending nation-states fueled by colonial aspirations. Within this bustling era of international trade, the Sino-Russian brick tea trade in Hankou unveils an intricate partnership woven between Chinese and European interests, reshaping our understanding of rivalry and exploring the late 19th-century neoliberal market's influence. Through thorough analysis of secondary materials, gazetteers, and memoirs, this study scrutinizes the activities and goals of Russian merchants, their Chinese counterparts, and third-party compradors in a balanced manner. As a result, this research paints a fresh portrait of the intricacies of transregional trade, pushing against the notion that Russian involvement in sectors like the tea trade was merely an extension of larger colonial endeavors. Instead, it illuminates how tea production and distribution acted as nodes of cooperation and collaboration between Chinese and Russian merchants.
Packing hard spheres with short-range attraction in infinite dimension: Phase structure and algorithmic implications
Creators: name: Sellitto, Mauro
name: Zamponi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, via the replica method of disordered systems, the packing problem of hard-spheres with a square-well attractive potential when the space dimensionality, d, becomes infinitely large. The phase diagram of the system exhibits reentrancy of the liquid-glass transition line, two distinct glass states and a glass-to-glass transition, much similar to what has been previously obtained by Mode-Coupling Theory, numerical simulations and experiments. The presence of the phase reentrance implies that for a suitable choice of the intensity and attraction range, high-density sphere packings more compact than the one corresponding to pure hard-spheres can be constructed in polynomial time in the number of particles (at fixed, large d) for packing fractions smaller than 6.5 d 2^{-d}. Although our derivation is not a formal mathematical proof, we believe it meets the standards of rigor of theoretical physics, and at this level of rigor it provides a small improvement of the lower bound on the sphere packing problem.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures -- Proceedings of the International Meeting on "Inference, Computation, and Spin Glasses", Sapporo, Japan, July 28-30, 2013
Comparative Computational Study of the Energetics of Li, Na, and Mg Storage in Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Legrain, Fleur
name: Malyi, Oleksandr I.
name: Manzhos, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To assess the potential of amorphous Si (a-Si) as an anode for Li, Na, and Mg-ion batteries, the energetics of Li, Na, and Mg atoms in a-Si are computed from first-principles and compared to those in crystalline Si (c-Si). It is shown that Si preamorphization increases the average anode voltage and reduces the volume expansion of the anode during the insertion of the metal atoms. Analysis of computed formation energies of Li, Na, and Mg defects in a-Si and c-Si suggests that the energetics of the single atoms into a-Si are thermodynamically more favorable. For instance, defect formation energies of Li, Na, and Mg defects in a-Si are respectively 0.71, 1.72, and 1.82 eV lower compared to those in c-Si. Moreover, the defect formation energies of Li, Na, and Mg defects (vs. vacuum reference states) in a-Si are comparable with the metal cohesive energies and consequently the insertion of the metal atoms might be possible with appropriate control of charging process. This is in contrast to c-Si, where the storage of Na and Mg atoms is limited due to high energy cost of Na and Mg insertion into c-Si.
An on-chip coupled resonator optical waveguide single-photon buffer
Creators: name: Takesue, Hiroki
name: Matsuda, Nobuyuki
name: Kuramochi, Eiichi
name: Munro, William J.
name: Notomi, Masaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrated quantum optical circuits are now seen as one of the most promising approaches with which to realize single photon quantum information processing. Many of the core elements for such circuits have been realized including sources, gates and detectors. However, a significant missing function necessary for photonic information processing on-chip is a buffer, where single photons are stored for a short period of time to facilitate circuit synchronization. Here we report an on-chip single photon buffer based on coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROW) consisting of 400 high-Q photonic crystal line defect nanocavities. By using the CROW, a pulsed single photon was successfully buffered for 150 ps with 50-ps tunability while maintaining its non-classical properties. Furthermore, we showed that our buffer preserves entanglement by storing and retrieving one photon from a time-bin entangled state. This is a significant step towards an all-optical integrated quantum information processor.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. First draft. Typo corrected
On the weighted reverse order laws for the Moore-Penrose inverse and K-inverses
Creators: name: Boasso, Enrico
name: Cvetkovic-Ilic, Dragana S.
name: Harte, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 15A09

description: The main objective of this article is to study several generalizations of the reverse order law for the Moore-Penrose inverse in ring with involution.
description: 13 pages, original research article
Machine learning spectral indicators of topology
Creators: name: Andrejevic, Nina
name: Andrejevic, Jovana
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Regnault, Nicolas
name: Han, Fei
name: Fabbris, Gilberto
name: Nguyen, Thanh
name: Drucker, Nathan C.
name: Rycroft, Chris H.
name: Li, Mingda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological materials discovery has emerged as an important frontier in condensed matter physics. While theoretical classification frameworks have been used to identify thousands of candidate topological materials, experimental determination of materials' topology often poses significant technical challenges. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely-used materials characterization technique sensitive to atoms' local symmetry and chemical bonding, which are intimately linked to band topology by the theory of topological quantum chemistry (TQC). Moreover, as a local structural probe, XAS is known to have high quantitative agreement between experiment and calculation, suggesting that insights from computational spectra can effectively inform experiments. In this work, we leverage computed X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of more than 10,000 inorganic materials to train a neural network (NN) classifier that predicts topological class directly from XANES signatures, achieving F$_1$ scores of 89% and 93% for topological and trivial classes, respectively. Additionally, we obtain consistent classifications using corresponding experimental and computational XANES spectra for a small number of measured compounds. Given the simplicity of the XAS setup and its compatibility with multimodal sample environments, the proposed machine learning-augmented XAS topological indicator has the potential to discover broader categories of topological materials, such as non-cleavable compounds and amorphous materials, and may further inform field-driven phenomena in situ, such as magnetic field-driven topological phase transitions.
Ternary Compression for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning
Creators: name: Xu, Jinjin
name: Du, Wenli
name: Cheng, Ran
name: He, Wangli
name: Jin, Yaochu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning over massive data stored in different locations is essential in many real-world applications. However, sharing data is full of challenges due to the increasing demands of privacy and security with the growing use of smart mobile devices and IoT devices. Federated learning provides a potential solution to privacy-preserving and secure machine learning, by means of jointly training a global model without uploading data distributed on multiple devices to a central server. However, most existing work on federated learning adopts machine learning models with full-precision weights, and almost all these models contain a large number of redundant parameters that do not need to be transmitted to the server, consuming an excessive amount of communication costs. To address this issue, we propose a federated trained ternary quantization (FTTQ) algorithm, which optimizes the quantized networks on the clients through a self-learning quantization factor. Theoretical proofs of the convergence of quantization factors, unbiasedness of FTTQ, as well as a reduced weight divergence are given. On the basis of FTTQ, we propose a ternary federated averaging protocol (T-FedAvg) to reduce the upstream and downstream communication of federated learning systems. Empirical experiments are conducted to train widely used deep learning models on publicly available datasets, and our results demonstrate that the proposed T-FedAvg is effective in reducing communication costs and can even achieve slightly better performance on non-IID data in contrast to the canonical federated learning algorithms.
Dynamical quantum phase transitions in random spin chains
Creators: name: Vosk, Ronen
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum systems can exhibit a great deal of universality at low temperature due to the structure of ground states and the critical points separating distinct states. On the other hand, quantum time evolution of the same systems involves all energies and it is therefore thought to be much harder, if at all possible, to have sharp transitions in the dynamics. In this paper we show that phase transitions characterized by universal singularities do occur in the time evolution of random spin chains. The sharpness of the transitions and integrity of the phases owes to many-body localization, which prevents thermalization in these systems. Using a renormalization group approach, we solve the time evolution of random Ising spin chains with generic interactions starting from initial states of arbitrary energy. As a function of the Hamiltonian parameters, the system is tuned through a dynamical transition, similar to the ground state critical point, at which the local spin correlations establish true long range temporal order. In the state with dominant transverse field, a spin that starts in an up state loses its orientation with time, while in the "ordered" state it never does. As in ground state quantum phase transitions, the dynamical transition has unique signatures in the entanglement properties of the system. When the system is initialized in a product state the entanglement entropy grows as $log(t)$ in the two "phases", while at the critical point it grows as $log^\a(t)$, with $\a$ a universal number. This universal entanglement growth requires generic ("integrability breaking") interactions to be added to the pure transverse field Ising model.
description: 5 pages + supplementary material, 4 figures
Abelian discrete symmetries Z_{N} and Z_{nR} from string orbifolds
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Abelian discrete symmetries Z_{N} and Z_{nR} from string orbifolds result by assigning vacuum expectation values(VEVs) only to specified singlets. These singlets obtaining VEVs carry the gauge charges (of the covering U(1) gauge group) as multiples of N for Z_N and n for Z_{nR}. We explicitly show this realization in a Z_{12-I} orbifold model.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Letters B
The Second World War Archives of the Institut Français du Royaume Uni, London
Creators: name: Faucher, Charlotte
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2020

description: London was the first capital city of Free France, the French external resistance movement led by Charles de Gaulle. This city also hosted a dynamic French community and since 1910 a French Institute. This piece reviews the Second World War archives held at the French Institute, with a focus on the documents of its then director, Denis Saurat, who was one of the first London French to rally to de Gaulle. However, by 1942 Saurat had become a leading anti-Gaullist and the French Institute archives allow scholars to add nuance to the history of Free France and wartime Britain.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 6 No 3 (2020)
Projected and Hidden Markov Models for calculating kinetics and metastable states of complex molecules
Creators: name: Noe, Frank
name: Wu, Hao
name: Prinz, Jan-Hendrik
name: Plattner, Nuria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Markov state models (MSMs) have been successful in computing metastable states, slow relaxation timescales and associated structural changes, and stationary or kinetic experimental observables of complex molecules from large amounts of molecular dynamics simulation data. However, MSMs approximate the true dynamics by assuming a Markov chain on a clusters discretization of the state space. This approximation is difficult to make for high-dimensional biomolecular systems, and the quality and reproducibility of MSMs has therefore been limited. Here, we discard the assumption that dynamics are Markovian on the discrete clusters. Instead, we only assume that the full phase- space molecular dynamics is Markovian, and a projection of this full dynamics is observed on the discrete states, leading to the concept of Projected Markov Models (PMMs). Robust estimation methods for PMMs are not yet available, but we derive a practically feasible approximation via Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). It is shown how various molecular observables of interest that are often computed from MSMs can be computed from HMMs / PMMs. The new framework is applicable to both, simulation and single-molecule experimental data. We demonstrate its versatility by applications to educative model systems, an 1 ms Anton MD simulation of the BPTI protein, and an optical tweezer force probe trajectory of an RNA hairpin.
Sturmpetition der Frankfurter Damen an den Fürsten Schnatteratowsky, worin sie um seine Fürsprache bitten, dass in Zukunft bei Räumung der Paulskirche diese Maassregel nur auf die rohe und nicht auf die zartfühlende Hälfte ausgedehnt werde; [1848]
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Lith Anst v Ed Gust May in Frankfurt aM
Die Freiheit zur Reformation (Abschnitt III der Thesen der Dritten Vollversammlung des Lutherischen Weltbundes, 1957, in Minneapolis)
Publisher: name: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Bd. 20 (1973): Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Band 20
British Newsreels at War, 1939-45: A Significant Source for Scholars
Creators: name: Stephenson, Grace E
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2020

description: Subject to wartime restrictions, the five British commercial newsreel companies continued to produce cinema newsreels throughout the Second World War. This article summarises the voluntary and compulsory censorship arrangements for newsreel content and the rota system for filming to indicate how the Ministry of Information and the Services implicitly and explicitly controlled wartime newsreel production. As the unrivalled form of mass-communication of visual news media during the period, the newsreels contributed significantly to British wartime propaganda, and the purpose of the article is to argue for the value of the wartime newsreels as a source for scholars of the conflict.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 6 No 3 (2020)
Vortex-antivortex annihilation in mesoscopic superconductors with a central pinning center
Creators: name: Zadorosny, R.
name: Duarte, E. C. S.
name: Sardella, E.
name: Ortiz, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we solved the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations, TDGL, to simulate two superconducting systems with different lateral sizes and with an antidot inserted in the center. Then, by cycling the external magnetic field, the creation and annihilation dynamics of a vortex-antivortex pair was studied as well as the range of temperatures for which such processes could occur. We verified that in the annihilation process both vortex and antivortex acquire an elongated format while an accelerated motion takes place.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, work presented in Vortex VIII
Behavior of solutions to the 1D focusing stochastic $L^2$-critical and supercritical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with space-time white noise
Creators: name: Millet, Annie
name: Roudenko, Svetlana
name: Yang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the focusing stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in 1D in the $L^2$-critical and supercritical cases with an additive or multiplicative perturbation driven by space-time white noise. Unlike the deterministic case, the Hamiltonian (or energy) is not conserved in the stochastic setting, nor is the mass (or the $L^2$-norm) conserved in the additive case. Therefore, we investigate the time evolution of these quantities. After that we study the influence of noise on the global behavior of solutions. In particular, we show that the noise may induce blow-up, thus, ceasing the global existence of the solution, which otherwise would be global in the deterministic setting. Furthermore, we study the effect of the noise on the blow-up dynamics in both multiplicative and additive noise settings and obtain profiles and rates of the blow-up solutions. Our findings conclude that the blow-up parameters (rate and profile) are insensitive to the type or strength of the noise: if blow-up happens, it has the same dynamics as in the deterministic setting, however, there is a (random) shift of the blow-up center, which can be described as a random variable normally distributed.
Between Propaganda and Facticity: News Reporting of Non-White Service in the World Wars
Creators: name: Yadav, Rishika
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2020

description: The expanding interest in the non-white experience of the World Wars is engaging a growing number of scholars within military history. However, the challenge of documenting the historically marginalised non-white voices remains. This Research Note specifically examines news-reporting of non-white soldiers from South Africa and examines the challenges of colonial and imperial reportage. For this, the Note critically analyses articles published by The Cape Standard (a non-white South African news weekly) on the experiences of non-white soldiers from South Africa who were captured during the Second World War. The Note considers the importance of wartime reporting to bridge the source-gap and to reconstruct subaltern histories of non-white military service.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 6 No 3 (2020)
Ionization in atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and extrasolar planets IV. The Effect of Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Rimmer, Paul
name: Helling, Christiane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays provide an important source for free electrons in the Earth's atmosphere and also in dense interstellar regions where they produce a prevailing background ionization. We utilize a Monte Carlo cosmic ray transport model for particle energies of 1 MeV < E < 1 GeV, and an analytic cosmic ray transport model for particle energies of 1 GeV < E < 1 TeV in order to investigate the cosmic ray enhancement of free electrons in substellar atmospheres of free-floating objects. The cosmic ray calculations are applied to Drift-Phoenix model atmospheres of an example brown dwarf with effective temperature Teff = 1500 K, and two example giant gas planets (Teff = 1000 K, 1500 K). For the model brown dwarf atmosphere, the electron fraction is enhanced significantly by cosmic rays when the pressure pgas < 10^-2 bar. Our example giant gas planet atmosphere suggests that the cosmic ray enhancement extends to 10^-4 - 10^-2 bar, depending on the effective temperature. For the model atmosphere of the example giant gas planet considered here (Teff = 1000 K), cosmic rays bring the degree of ionization to fe ~ 10^-8 when pgas < 10^-8 bar, suggesting that this part of the atmosphere may behave as a weakly ionized plasma. Although cosmic rays enhance the degree of ionization by over three orders of magnitude in the upper atmosphere, the effect is not likely to be significant enough for sustained coupling of the magnetic field to the gas.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ
Behavior of solutions to the 1D focusing stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with spatially correlated noise
Creators: name: Millet, Annie
name: Rodriguez, Alex D
name: Roudenko, Svetlana
name: Yang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the focusing stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one spatial dimension with multiplicative noise, driven by a Wiener process white in time and colored in space, in the $L^2$-critical and supercritical cases. The mass ($L^2$-norm) is conserved due to the multiplicative noise defined via the Stratonovich integral, the energy (Hamiltonian) is not preserved. We first investigate how the energy is affected by various spatially correlated random perturbations. We then study the influence of the noise on the global dynamics measuring the probability of blow-up versus scattering behavior depending on various parameters of correlation kernels. Finally, we study the effect of the spatially correlated noise on the blow-up behavior, and conclude that such random perturbations do not influence the blow-up dynamics, except for shifting of the blow-up center location. This is similar to what we observed in [32] for a space-time white driving noise.
The Politics of Commemoration: Britain and D-Day, 1984-1994
Creators: name: Watson, Janet S K
Publisher: name: British Journal for Military History
Year: 2020

description: Commemorations are about the present more than the past, as they reveal how different groups of people believed historical events should be understood within their own modern context. Both Margaret Thatcher in 1984 and John Major in 1994 were aware of the complicated political implications of British commemorations of D-Day. While Thatcher managed the potential international diplomatic traps that were thrust upon her in 1984, Major’s intentional efforts to use public festivities to boost domestic political support in1994 were far less successful.
description: British Journal for Military History, Vol 6 No 3 (2020)
Coherent Structure in Solar Wind C$^{6+}$/C$^{4+}$ Ionic Composition Data During the Quiet-Sun Conditions of 2008
Creators: name: Edmondson, J. K.
name: Lynch, B. J.
name: Lepri, S. T.
name: Zurbuchen, T. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This analysis offers evidence of characteristic scale sizes in solar wind charge state data measured in-situ for thirteen quiet-sun Carrington rotations in 2008. Using a previously established novel methodology, we analyze the wavelet power spectrum of the charge state ratio C$^{6+}$/C$^{4+}$ measured in-situ by ACE/SWICS for 2-hour and 12-minute cadence. We construct a statistical significance level in the wavelet power spectrum to quantify the interference effects arising from filling missing data in the time series (Edmondson et al. 2013), allowing extraction of significant power from the measured data to a resolution of 24 mins. We analyze each wavelet power spectra for transient coherency, and global periodicities resulting from the superposition of repeating coherent structures. From the significant wavelet power spectra, we find evidence for a general upper-limit on individual transient coherency of $\sim$10 days. We find evidence for a set of global periodicities between 4-5 hours and 35-45 days. We find evidence for the distribution of individual transient coherency scales consisting of two distinct populations. Below the $\sim$2 day time scale the distribution is reasonably approximated by an inverse power law, whereas for scales $\gtrsim$2 days, the distribution levels off showing discrete peaks at common coherency scales. In addition, by organizing the transient coherency scale distributions by wind type, we find these larger, common coherency scales are more prevalent and well-defined in coronal hole wind. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for current theories of solar wind generation and describe future work for determining the relationship between the coherent structures in our ionic composition data and the structure of the coronal magnetic field.
description: (39 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal)
Seifert surfaces in open books, and pass moves on links
Creators: name: Hirose, Susumu
name: Nakashima, Yuusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: The flat plumbing basket presentation of a link is introduced by Furihata, Hirasawa and Kobayashi. In this paper, we show that the pass-equivalence and an equivalence introduced by using the flat plumbing basket presentation are the same relation. Furthermore, we obtain an evaluation of the minimal number of bands used for the flat pluming basket presentation for a knot coming from the degree of the Alexander polynomial and the three genus of the knot.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures
On almost sure limit theorems for heavy-tailed products of long-range dependent linear processes
Creators: name: Kouritzin, Michael A.
name: Paul, Sounak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G32, 62M10 (Primary), 60F15 (Secondary)

description: Marcinkiewicz strong law of large numbers, ${n^{-\frac1p}}\sum_{k=1}^{n} (d_{k}- d)\rightarrow 0\ $ almost surely with $p\in(1,2)$, are developed for products $d_k=\prod_{r=1}^s x_k^{(r)}$, where the $x_k^{(r)} = \sum_{l=-\infty}^{\infty}c_{k-l}^{(r)}ξ_l^{(r)}$ are two-sided linear processes with coefficients $\{c_l^{(r)}\}_{l\in \mathbb{Z}}$ and i.i.d. zero-mean innovations $\{ξ_l^{(r)}\}_{l\in \mathbb{Z}}$. The decay of the coefficients $c_l^{(r)}$ as $|l|\to\infty$, can be slow enough for $\{x_k^{(r)}\}$ to have long memory while $\{d_k\}$ can have heavy tails. The long-range dependence and heavy tails for $\{d_k\}$ are handled simultaneously and a decoupling property shows the convergence rate is dictated by the worst of long-range dependence and heavy tails, but not their combination. The Marcinkiewicz strong law of large numbers is also extended to the multivariate linear process case.
description: 38 pages
Proper orthogonal decomposition closure models for fluid flows: Burgers equation
Creators: name: San, Omer
name: Iliescu, Traian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper puts forth several closure models for the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reduced order modeling of fluid flows. These new closure models, together with other standard closure models, are investigated in the numerical simulation of the Burgers equation. This simplified setting represents just the first step in the investigation of the new closure models. It allows a thorough assessment of the performance of the new models, including a parameter sensitivity study. Two challenging test problems displaying moving shock waves are chosen in the numerical investigation. The closure models and a standard Galerkin POD reduced order model are benchmarked against the fine resolution numerical simulation. Both numerical accuracy and computational efficiency are used to assess the performance of the models.