cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of the WTO and Free Trade Agreements on Japonica Rice Markets
Creators: name: Lee, Hyunok
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Lee, Hyunok
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Japonica rice
subject: WTO
subject: import access
subject: FTA
subject: domestic subsidies
subject: policy simulation

description: Three trade policy changes underway and on the horizon have the prospect to alter global markets for japonica rice. This paper considers likely global market effects of expansion of access into the market in Japan and Korea, and reduced subsidy for japonica rice (among other crops) in the United States. We consider these policy changes in the context of a proposed Doha Development Agenda WTO agreement and one potential outcome of the proposed Free Trade Agreement between Korea and the United States (KUS-FTA). We use an equilibrium displacement model to ask how market prices, quantities and other aggregates change as a result of policy changes. The global model includes six aggregates in the world market, China, Korea, Japan, the United States, other exporters and other importers. Under the WTO scenario that U.S. subsidies decrease by 25 percent in addition to the full implementation of quota expansion in Korea and Japan, our results indicate that: 1) U.S. production falls by about 16 percent, and U.S. exports fall by about 51 percent, 2) the world price rises by about 1 percent, and 3) China's exports increase about 43 percent. If no WTO agreement occurs, there would be no expansion of Japan's imports and no reduction in U.S. rice subsidy even though Korea must still expand its WTO-multilateral quota. A KUS-FTA is likely to add a country-specific U.S. quota of another 4 percent of domestic consumption. In this case, world prices rise by only 0.3 percent. In general, world price effects are small and this is mainly due to the strong Chinese supply response. However, it is important to note that the associated changes in Chinese japonica rice production are at most about one percent of the Chinese baseline production. This implies the dominant role of China in the world japonica rice market.
The big Chern classes and the Chern character
Creators: name: Ramadoss, Ajay C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F99, 16E40

description: Let $X$ be a smooth scheme over a field of characteristic 0. Let $\dd^{\bullet}(X)$ be the complex of polydifferential operators on $X$ equipped with Hochschild co-boundary. Let $L(\dd^1(X))$ be the free Lie algebra generated over $\strc$ by $\dd^1(X)$ concentrated in degree 1 equipped with Hochschild co-boundary. We have a symmetrization map $I: \oplus_k \sss^k(L(\dd^1(X))) \rar \dd^{\bullet}(X)$. Theorem 1 of this paper measures how the map $I$ fails to commute with multiplication. A consequence of Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 is Corollary 1, a result "dual" to Theorem 1 of Markarian [3] that measures how the Hochschild-Kostant-Rosenberg quasi-isomorphism fails to commute with multiplication. In order to understand Theorem 1 conceptually, we prove a theorem (Theorem 3) stating that $\dd^{\bullet}(X)$ is the universal enveloping algebra of $T_X[-1]$ in $\dcat$. An easy consequence of Theorem 3 is Theorem 4, which interprets the Chern character $E$ as the "character of the representation $E$ of $T_X[-1]$" and gives a description of the big Chern classes of $E$. Finally, Theorem 4 along with Theorem 1 is used to give an explicit formula (Theorem 5) expressing the big Chern classes of $E$ in terms of the components of the Chern character of $E$.
description: Final version. To appear in International Journal of Mathematics
Demand Enhancement through Food-Safety Regulation: Benefit-Cost Analysis of Collective Action in the California Pistachio Industry
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Brunke, Henrich
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Brunke, Henrich
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Safety
subject: Collective Action
subject: Specialty Crops
subject: Government Regulation
subject: Marketing Orders
subject: Pistachios

description: Food safety shocks can threaten the health of consumers, create havoc within an industry and result in severe losses to producers. Governments often attempt to enhance food safety by mandating standards and inspection of food products to supplement the voluntary efforts by private firms. This paper assesses a form of collective action that falls between typical government mandates and purely private action. The California pistachio industry recently established a U.S. federal marketing order. This order sets quality standards and requires inspection and certification, aiming to reduce the likelihood of dangerous or poor quality pistachios being sold to consumers and to provide some quality assurance to consumers. Simulation results indicate that, across the full range of parameters used in the analysis, the benefit-cost analysis was always favorable to the new policy. Continuing work is extending the analysis to account for some particular features of the pistachio industry, to consider alternative policies, and to draw inferences for the application of similar policies to other California specialty crops.
Fluctuations effects in high-energy evolution of QCD
Creators: name: Soyez, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Iancu and Triantafyllopoulos have proposed a hierarchy of evolution equations in QCD at high energy which generalises previous approaches by including the effects of gluon number fluctuations and thus the pomeron loops. In this paper, we present the first numerical simulations of the Langevin equation which reproduces that hierarchy. This equation is formally the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation supplemented with a noise term accounting for the relevant fluctuations. In agreement with theoretical predictions, we find that the effects of the fluctuations is to reduce the saturation exponent and to induce geometric scaling violations at high energy.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, minor corrections, version appeared in Phys. Rev. D
Multi-Period Emissions Trading in the Electricity Sector - Winners and Losers
Creators: name: Bode, Sven
name: Bode, Sven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: abatement costs
subject: allocation of GHG allowances
subject: benchmark
subject: compliance costs
subject: electricity sector
subject: multi-period emission trading

description: Emission trading has become recently more and more import in environmental regulation. In the context of controlling greenhouse gas emissions, the directive on a Europewide trading scheme for large immobile sources may be perceived as one of the most important milestones in recent years. Prior to its start, however, a number of very specific design features have to be agreed upon. In the political discussion, the question of how to allocate emission rights is considered as one of the most important issues. So far, a distribution (almost) free of charge is the option of choice. An aspect that has interestingly attracted little attention in the past is the question of how to allocate emission rights over time. This may for example be done on the basis of a constant reference metric, as for example emissions in a certain fixed year, or on the basis of a rolling metric as for example emissions in the previous year. The following paper analyses four different allocation options in multi-period emissions trading that are currently discussed in the European context. The four options are applied for the electricity sector. A power market close to reality with five different types of power plants (hydro, nuclear, lignite, coal and gas) is simulated over two periods. The paper distinguishes between a market effect of emissions trading on the one hand and compliance costs for meeting the emission reduction obligation on the other. The market effect results from a price increase which is due to the fact that opportunity costs for using allowances, though received free of charge, must be considered. However, only compliance costs and not opportunity costs materialise as costs in the profit and loss account of utilities. It turns out that the electricity sector as a whole gains from the introduction of the instrument due to the increase of the electricity price. With regard to the different allocation options, it is found that utilities have different preferences depending on the fuel used.
Temporal data series of COVID-19 epidemics in the USA, Asia and Europe suggests a selective sweep of SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G variant
Creators: name: Furuyama, Taima N.
name: Antoneli, Fernando
name: Carvalho, Isabel M. V. G.
name: Briones, Marcelo R. S.
name: Janini, Luiz M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan, China, and caused the worldwide spread of the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Because of its mutational rate, wide geographical distribution, and host response variance this coronavirus is currently evolving into an array of strains with increasing genetic diversity. Most variants apparently have neutral effects for disease spread and symptoms severity. However, in the viral Spike protein, which is responsible for host cell attachment and invasion, an emergent variant, containing the amino acid substitution D to G in position 614 (D614G), was suggested to increase viral infection capability. To test whether this variant has epidemiological impact, the temporal distributions of the SARS-CoV-2 samples bearing D or G at position 614 were compared in the USA, Asia and Europe. The epidemiological curves were compared at early and late epidemic stages. At early stages, where containment measures were still not fully implemented, the viral variants are supposed to be unconstrained and its growth curves might approximate the free viral dynamics. Our analysis shows that the D614G prevalence and the growth rates of COVID-19 epidemic curves are correlated in the USA, Asia and Europe. Our results suggest a selective sweep that can be explained, at least in part, by a propagation advantage of this variant, in other words, that the molecular level effects of D614G have sufficient impact on population transmission dynamics as to be detected by differences in rate coefficients of epidemic growth curves.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, 2 supplementary tables
On the origin of red luminescence from iron-doped beta-Ga2O3 bulk crystals
Creators: name: Sun, Rujun
name: Ooi, Yu Kee
name: Dickens, Peter T.
name: Lynn, Kelvin G.
name: Scarpulla, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently, Fe doping in the ~10^18 cm-3 range is the most widely-available method for producing semi-insulating single crystalline beta-Ga2O3 substrates. Red luminescence features have been reported from multiple types of Ga2O3 samples including Fe-doped -Ga2O3, and attributed to Fe or N at O. Herein, however, we demonstrate that the high-intensity red luminescence from Fe-doped beta-Ga2O3 commercial substrates consisting of two sharp peaks at 689 nm and 697 nm superimposed on a broader peak centered at 710 nm originates from Cr impurities present at a concentration near 2 ppm. The red emission exhibits two-fold symmetry, peaks in intensity for excitation near absorption edge, seems to compete with Ga2O3 emission at higher excitation energy and appears to be intensified in the presence of Fe. Based on polarized absorption, luminescence observations and Tanabe-Sugano diagram analysis, we propose a resonant energy transfer of photogenerated carriers in beta-Ga2O3 matrix to octahedrally-coordinated Cr3+ to give red luminescence, possibly also sensitized by Fe3+.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Electromagnetic Interactions in a Chiral Effective Lagrangian for Nuclei
Creators: name: Serot, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic (EM) interactions are incorporated in a recently proposed effective field theory of the nuclear many-body problem. Earlier work with this effective theory exhibited EM couplings that are correct only to lowest order in both the pion fields and the electric charge. The Lorentz-invariant effective field theory contains nucleons, pions, isoscalar scalar (σ) and vector (ω) fields, and isovector vector (ρ) fields. The theory exhibits a nonlinear realization of SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R chiral symmetry and has three desirable features: it uses the same degrees of freedom to describe the currents and the strong-interaction dynamics, it satisfies the symmetries of the underlying QCD, and its parameters can be calibrated using strong-interaction phenomena, like hadron scattering or the empirical properties of finite nuclei. It has been verified that for normal nuclear systems, the effective lagrangian can be expanded systematically in powers of the meson fields (and their derivatives) and can be truncated reliably after the first few orders. The complete EM lagrangian arising from minimal substitution is derived and shown to possess the residual chiral symmetry of massless, two-flavor QCD with EM interactions. The uniqueness of the minimal EM current is proved, and the properties of the isovector vector and axial-vector currents are discussed, generalizing earlier work. The residual chiral symmetry is maintained in additional (non-minimal) EM couplings expressed as a derivative expansion and in implementing vector meson dominance. The role of chiral anomalies in the EM lagrangian is briefly discussed.
description: 20 pages, LaTeX2e <2003/12/01>; v2: several references added and typos fixed; reference format changed
Die WTO auf dem Weg nach Katar: Anstehende Probleme - neue Herausforderungen
Creators: name: Senti, Richard
name: Senti, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: International Economic Order
subject: Commercial Policy
subject: Trade Negotiations

description: In wenigen Monaten wird in Katar die Ministerkonferenz der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) über die Abhaltung einer neuen Handelsrunde entscheiden. Auf Grund der gegenwärtigen Vorarbeiten werden zwei Themenkreise auf der Traktandenliste der Verhandlungen erwartet: erstens die weitere Umsetzung der in der Uruguay-Runde beschlossenen Liberalisierungsmassnahmen in den Bereichen Agrar-, Textil- und Dienstleistungshandel, und zweitens die Behandlung der Fragen über die künftige Zusammenarbeit mit den Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs), die Aufnahme der Volksrepublik China in die WTO und die allenfalls stärkere Ausrichtung der Welthandelsordnung auf den Umweltschutz, das Arbeitsrecht und die Sozialpolitik. Das vorliegende Diskussionspapier hat zum Ziel, die einzelnen Probleme aufzuzeigen und zu analysieren. Within a few months' time, the Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Qatar will decide on whether to hold a new trade round. In view of current preparatory work, two topics are expected to form the agenda of the negotiations: first, further implementation of the liberalisation measures agreed in the Uruguay Round in agriculture, textiles and services, and second, the treatment of issues concerning future cooperation with non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the accession to the WTO of the People's Republic of China and a stronger orientation of the world trading order towards environmental protection, labour law and social policy. The present Discussion Paper aims to highlight and analyse the respective problems.
Additional file 2 of Molecular characterization of an anthocyanin-related glutathione S-transferase gene in Japanese gentian with the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Creators: name: Tasaki, Keisuke
name: Yoshida, Momo
name: Nakajima, Minori
name: Higuchi, Atsumi
name: Watanabe, Aiko
name: Nishihara, Masahiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Flower color characteristics in GST1 genome-edited gentian lines #13, #23, and #29. (A) Flower color phenotypes of GST1 genome-edited lines #13, #23, and #29. (B) L*, a*, and b* color values at the surface of fresh petals were measured with the CM-3600A spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta, Tokyo, Japan). The chroma values and hue angles were also calculated. Figure S2 Sequence of the third exon of the modified GST1 for the complementation assay. The highlighted nucleotides (i.e., shaded, bold, or boxed) are the same as those in Fig. 2b. The substituted nucleotides for the transient expression assay are indicated in red. These substitutions did not change the encoded amino acids.
Schüssler, Karlheinz (Hrsg.): Biblia Coptica, Die koptischen Bibeltexte
Creators: name: Müller, Caspar Detlef G.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 85 (2001): Oriens christianus, Band 85
Electric surface potential of dodecane nano-drops in aqueous solutions of low ioinic strength
Creators: name: Diaz, Daniela
name: Rahn-Chique, Kareem
name: Urbina-Villalba, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the surface charge of solid particles is a direct consequence of their synthesis, the one of suspended oil drops depends on the adsorption equilibrium of the surrounding molecules. The presence of salt raises the polarity of the water phase, favoring the salting out of the surfactant from the aqueous solution and increasing its surface excess. Yet, the electrolyte also screens the resulting surface charge of the drops [Debye-Hückel, 1923]. As a result, the electrostatic surface potential increases with the ionic strength until the saturation of the interface and then decreases. This behavior produces a maximum previously observed in hexadecane-in-water nanoemulsions [Urbina-Villalba, 2013; 2015]. Here, the variation of the surface potential of two dodecane-in-water (d/w) nanoemulsions is evaluated as a function of the sodium chloride concentration. As expected, maximum values are obtained for concentrations of 0.5 and 7.5 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). However, the surface excess of dodecane drops shows an intermediate behavior between the adsorption equilibrium predicted by macroscopic adsorption isotherms, and the one previously found on hexadecane drops. The stability of the prepared emulsions was followed monitoring the change in the average radius of the dispersions during five minutes, six times the lapse of time employed in a typical evaluation of the aggregation rate. In the case of 7.5 mM SDS, the smallest change in size coincides with the maximum surface potential found (40 mM NaCl). This is not observed for 0.5 mM SDS. Three regimes of destabilization are found to exist depending on the ionic strength of the aqueous phase. They correspond to the prevalence of: 1) solubilization/ripening, 2) aggregation, and 3) crystal precipitation.
National CDM criteria, baseline methodologies and case studies for Uzbekistan
Creators: name: Zavyalova, Liliya
name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Zavyalova, Liliya
name: Michaelowa, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol could create a great chance for developing countries to profit from projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the economic and environmental situation in the host country. The project cycle for the CDM differs from a usual investment project due to the need to develop a baseline for the calculation of emission reductions, registration by a national CDM body and monitoring and verification of the emission reduction by an independent entity. Before a project can be registered, its eligibility has to be checked. This means that it has to fulfil the international and national CDM criteria. We suggest national criteria concerning the CDM component, adherence to national policy goals, technological aspects, attractiveness for investor and host enterprise as well as avoidance of negative externalities. A set of sustainable development indicators is proposed for Uzbekistan. We then look at each step of project preparation and concentrate on baseline determination, using small hydropower stations in the Uzbek irrigation system as case studies. Determination of system boundaries, leakage and the lifetime of the projects are assessed. Different benchmarks for the Uzbek electricity sector are calculated. We calculate the economic attractiveness of three hydro power stations to determine whether the investment is really additional, using different discount rates and electricity price scenarios. In all scenarios we find positive costs, making the projects additional.
Sudden Stops in Capital Inflows and the Design of Exchange Rate Regimes
Creators: name: Ritter, Raymond
name: Ritter, Raymond
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: capital inflows
subject: sudden stops
subject: real exchange rate adjustment
subject: exchange rate regimes

description: A two sector small open economy model developed by Corden (1991, 2002) is used to analyse the impact of sudden stops in capital inflows on an internal and external equilibrium and to explore the merits of disposing of the nominal exchange rate as policy tool in rectifying real exchange rate misalignments. It is shown how the economy's sectoral demand properties determine the extent of recession associated with real exchange rate adjustment that is neither engineered by nominal exchange rate changes nor brought about by a decline in nontraded goods prices. The conclusion is drawn that, when deciding on the design of exchange rate regimes, the structural characteristics of the economy ought to be considered so as to appropriately strengthen its capacity to cope with shocks in the form of negative swings in capital inflows.
Redundancy in Logic III: Non-Mononotonic Reasoning
Creators: name: Liberatore, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Results about the redundancy of circumscriptive and default theories are presented. In particular, the complexity of establishing whether a given theory is redundant is establihsed.
description: minor corrections
Characterization of Quasifactors
Creators: name: Nagar, Anima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 37B05, 54H20, Secondary 54B20

description: A flow $(X,T)$ induces the flow $(2^X,T)$. Quasifactors are minimal subsystems of $(2^X, T)$ and hence orbit closures of almost periodic points for $(2^X, T)$. We study quasifactors via the almost periodic points for $(2^X,T)$.
Regional Policy in the Global Economy: Insights from New Economic Geography
Creators: name: Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.
name: Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: economic integration
subject: increasing returns to scale
subject: market power
subject: pecuniary externalities
subject: regional policy
subject: spatial economics

description: So far the contribution of New Economic Geography (NEG) has been mainly positive. Normative analysis and policy implications have lagged behind. The reason is the fear of the consequences of taking too literally the neat structure of the models. Under this respect the somewhat incautious aim of this paper is precisely to take NEG models literally and ask what their exact policy implications are. This is viewed as a necessary though preliminary step towards bringing NEG insights to the policy domain.
Additional file 1 of Molecular characterization of an anthocyanin-related glutathione S-transferase gene in Japanese gentian with the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Creators: name: Tasaki, Keisuke
name: Yoshida, Momo
name: Nakajima, Minori
name: Higuchi, Atsumi
name: Watanabe, Aiko
name: Nishihara, Masahiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sanger sequencing analysis of the PCR amplicons of the DNA from GST1 genome-edited lines and the WT control. Table S2. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the PCR amplicons of the DNA and RNA from GST1 genome-edited lines and the WT control. Table S3. Primers used in this study. Table S4. Glutathione S-transferase proteins used for constructing the phylogenetic tree in Fig. 1a.
On the Micro-Foundations of Money: The Capitol Hill Baby-Sitting Co-op
Creators: name: Hens, Thorsten
name: Schenk-Hoppe, Klaus Reiner
name: Vogt, Bodo
name: Hens, Thorsten
name: Schenk-Hoppe, Klaus Reiner
name: Vogt, Bodo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: micro foundations of money
subject: optimal
subject: quantity of money

description: This paper contributes to the micro-foundation of money in centralized markets with idiosyncratic uncertainty. It shows existence of stationary monetary equilibria and ensures that there is an optimum quantity of money. The rational solution of our model is compared with actual behavior in a laboratory experiment. The experiment gives support to the theoretical approach.
Estimating Large-Scale Factor Models for Economic Activity in Germany: Do They Outperform Simpler Models?
Creators: name: Dreger, Christian
name: Schumacher, Christian
name: Dreger, Christian
name: Schumacher, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Factor models
subject: Principal components
subject: forecasting accuracy

description: This paper discusses a large-scale factor model for the German economy. Following the recent literature, a data set of 121 time series is used via principal component analysis to determine the factors, which enter a dynamic model for German GDP. The model is compared with alternative univariate and multivariate models. These models are based on regression techniques and considerably smaller data sets. Out-of-sample forecasts show that the prediction errors of the factor model are smaller than the errors of the rival models. However, these advantages are not statistically significant, as a test for equal forecast accuracy shows. Therefore, the efficiency gains of using a large data set with this kind of factor models seem to be limited. Diese Arbeit diskutiert ein großes Faktorenmodell für die deutsche Wirtschaft. Der jüngeren Literatur folgend werden aus einem umfangreichen Datensatz von 121 Zeitrehen mit einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse gemeinsame Faktoren extrahiert, welche in ein dynamisches Modell zur Erklärung des deutschen Bruttoinlandsprodukts eingehen. Das Modell wird mit alternativen univariaten und multivariaten Modellen verglichen, die auf Regressionsansätzen und deutlich kleineren Datensätzen beruhen. Vergleiche von Pronosen außerhalb des Schätzzeitraums zeigen, dass die Prognosefehler des großen Faktenmodells kleiner als bei den alternativen Modellen sind. Jedoch sind diese emprischen Vorteile nicht statistisch signifikant, wie Tests auf paarweise Gleichheit der Prognosegüte zeigen. Demzufolge scheinen die Effizienzvorteile des auf einem großen Datensatz beruhenden Faktorenmodells lediglich gering zu sein.
Die Koexistenz von Zertifikatemarkten fur grunen Strom und CO2- Emissionen - wer gewinnt und wer verliert?
Creators: name: Brauer, Wolfgang
name: Stronzik, Marcus
name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Brauer, Wolfgang
name: Stronzik, Marcus
name: Michaelowa, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Zertifikatemärkte für grünen Strom (erneuerbare Energien) und CO2-Emissionen wurden bisher in der Literatur überwiegend isoliert betrachtet. Wir analysieren für den Elektrizitätssektor die Implikationen eines Zusammenwirkens (Koexistenz) beider Märkte. Es werden zwei Fälle der Koexistenz unterschieden. Bei geschlossener Koexistenz refinanziert sich ein grüner Stromproduzent ausschließlich über den grünen Zertifikatemarkt, während er bei offener Koexistenz auf beiden Märkten aktiv wird. Beide Situationen sind gegenüber dem Referenzfall als ineffizient zu bewerten. Während bei geschlossener Koexistenz insbesondere CO2-Verpflichtete einen Vorteil erlangen, profitieren bei offener Koexistenz die Verpflichteten für grünen Strom. Politischen Handlungsträgern wäre anzuraten, ein grünes Zertifikatesystem vor einem CO2-Markt zu implementieren, da dieser Entwicklungspfad wahrscheinlich weniger Widerstände hervorrufen wird. The paper studies the interaction between emerging markets for tradable green certificates (TGCs) and CO2-emissions in the electricity sector linked by generation from renewable energy sources (RES). We distinguish open and closed co-existence compared to isolated markets. Open co-existence means RES-generators are able to reimburse production cost on both markets in contrary to closed co-existence where RES-producers only act on the TGC-market. We found that co-existence leads to inefficiencies compared to the reference case. Open co-existence is cheap for TGC-buyers whereas closed co-existence is cheaper for CO2-certificate-buyers. With respect to timing we advice policymakers to start with a TGC-system in order to gain more acceptance from stakeholders.
Unstable Modules with the Top $k$ Squares
Creators: name: Li, Zhulin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Unstable modules over the Steenrod algebra with only the top $k$ operations are introduced in the language of ringoids. We prove the category of such modules has homological dimension at most $k$. A pratical method, which generalizes the $Λ$ complex, to compute the $\mathrm{Ext}$ group from such modules to spheres is proposed. We are also able to establish several functors to relate such modules and unstable modules over the Steenrod algebra, and to describe the connections between the $\mathrm{Ext}$ groups in them.
Mapping Science at a Worldwide Scale
Creators: name: Rodighiero, Dario
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Data visualization
Network visualization
Science mapping

description: All daily practices are increasingly translated into digital traces, which gives the opportunity to understand social behaviors. Science is no exception. This presentation is about the study of academic collaboration and mobility through these data that scholars and organizations leave behind, with a specific interest in open-access data. Such a study is conducted visually using techniques of text analysis and network visualization.
Additional file 1 of [18F]FDG uptake of the normal spinal cord in PET/MR imaging: comparison with PET/CT imaging
Creators: name: Aiello, Marco
name: Alfano, Vincenzo
name: Salvatore, Elena
name: Cavaliere, Carlo
name: Picardi, Marco
name: Pepa, Roberta Della
name: Nicolai, Emanuele
name: Soricelli, Andrea
name: Vella, Alessandra
name: Salvatore, Marco
name: Mascalchi, Mario
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Median, 1st and 3rd quartile of SUVmax, SUVmean and NSUVmean values measured in spinal cord in both PET-CT and PET-MR, with 3mm ROI and 9mm VOI. Table S2. Median, 1st and 3rd quartile of SUVmean and NSUVmean values measured in bone marrow in both PET-CT and PET-MR, with 3mm ROI and 9mm VOI. Table S3. Median and 1st and 3rd quartile of the average liver values calculated for each method and ROI/VOI. Table S4. Median and 1st and 3rd quartile of SUVmax values measured in spinal cord in both PET-CT and PET-MR, with 3mm ROI and 9mm VOI, between the two subgroups, without and with increased uptake at visual examination in the cervical enlargement (Group 1 and Group 2 respectively).
Ultrafast critical ground state preparation via bang-bang protocols
Creators: name: Innocenti, Luca
name: De Chiara, Gabriele
name: Paternostro, Mauro
name: Puebla, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fast and faithful preparation of the ground state of quantum systems is a challenging task but crucial for several applications in the realm of quantum-based technologies. Decoherence poses a limit to the maximum time-window allowed to an experiment to faithfully achieve such desired states. This is of particular significance in critical systems, where the vanishing energy gap challenges an adiabatic ground state preparation. We show that a bang-bang protocol, consisting of a time evolution under two different values of an externally tunable parameter, allows for a high-fidelity ground state preparation in evolution times no longer than those required by the application of standard optimal control techniques, such as the chopped-random basis quantum optimization. In addition, owing to their reduced number of variables, such bang-bang protocols are very well suited to optimization purposes, reducing the increasing computational cost of other optimal control protocols. We benchmark the performance of such approach through two paradigmatic models, namely the Landau-Zener and the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. Remarkably, the critical ground state of the latter model can be prepared with a high fidelity in a total evolution time that scales slower than the inverse of the vanishing energy gap.
description: 7 pages and 9 figs; comments welcome!
Comment on "Validity of path thermodynamics in reactive systems''
Creators: name: Gaspard, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper by Malek Mansour and Garcia [Phys. Rev. E 101, 052135 (2020)] is shown to be based on misconceptions in the stochastic formulation of chemical thermodynamics in reactive systems. Their erroneous claims, asserting that entropy production cannot be correctly evaluated using path probabilities whenever the reactive system involves more than one elementary reaction leading to the same composition changes, are refuted.
Improved CNN training by filter reinitialization and gradient statistics
Creators: name: Riedel, Max
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 004
subject: machine learning
subject: deep learning
subject: architecture search
subject: repr
subject: pruning
subject: lottery ticket hypothesis

description: Masterarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2020; Aachen 71 Seiten (2020). = Masterarbeit, RWTH Aachen University, 2020
description: Published by Aachen
Cytokine regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)
Creators: name: Vilimek, Dino Alexander Henry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cytokines are soluble growth factors that are essential for the continued survival of numerous hematopoietic cell lines. For example, in cells of the erythromyeloid lineage, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are powerful anti-apoptotic agents. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an ubiquitous and yet enigmatic protein kinase implicated in various cellular functions, including glycogen metabolism, embryonic development, cell survival, proliferation, and protein translation. Numerous extracellular stimuli can promote the inactivation of GSK-3 through serine phosphorylation of the amino-terminal region. Growth factors are among the agents capable of inactivating GSK-3, presumably to promote cell survival and proliferation. Interestingly, an extensive literature search has found no studies examining GSK-3 in the context of cytokine-mediated signaling. This study is the first to demonstrate the elevation of GSK-3α and GSK-3β serine phosphorylation by IL-3, IL-4, and GM-CSF in several hematopoietic cell lines. IL-4 required PI3-K activity, and presumably PKB activity, for full GSK-3 modification, while IL-3 and GM-CSF did not. Although MAPK and p70S6K did not regulate the control of GSK-3 by IL- 3, IL-4 or GM-CSF, PKC did demonstrate a strong effect. Inhibition of PKC activity, through the addition of pharmacological compounds, led to a dramatic abrogation of GSK-3 serine phosphorylation induced by all three cytokines. However, the lack of specificity of these inhibitors made it difficult to identify the class of PKC or the individual isoforms responsible for GSK-3 regulation. Furthermore, the inhibition of diacylglycerol production also impacted on the cytokines' ability to phosphorylate GSK-3. Diacylglycerol is a necessary component for the activation of numerous PKC isoforms. However, like the PKC inhibitors, some evidence suggests that these PLC inhibitors may be acting on non-specific targets. Interestingly, increased serine phosphorylation of GSK-3 did not appear to correlate with a decrease in catalytic activity, although the quality of the assay system is questionable. Regardless, this study is the first to examine GSK-3 in cytokine-mediated signaling, and to implicate PI3-K and PKC as mediators of this event. Further studies will help develop a clear signaling model for the regulation of GSK-3 and determine GSK-3' s role in the cellular effects induced by cytokines.
Effects of spatial noncommutativity on energy spectrum of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Luo, You-Hua
name: Ge, Zi-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In noncommutative space, we examine the problem of a noninteracting and harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, and derive a simple analytic expression for the effect of spatial noncommutativity on energy spectrum of the condensate. It indicates that the ground-state energy incorporating the spatial noncommutativity is reduced to a lower level, which depends upon the noncommutativity parameter $θ$. The appeared gap between the noncommutative space and commutative one for the ground-state level of the condensate should be a signal of spatial noncommutativity.
description: 7 pages; revtex4
Additional file 1 of Clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with severe COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Creators: name: Songqiao Liu
name: Huanyuan Luo
name: Yuancheng Wang
name: Cuevas, Luis E.
name: Duolao Wang
name: Shenghong Ju
name: Yang, Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients at admission by disease severity*.
NuTeV Anomaly Versus Strange-Antistrange Asymmetry
Creators: name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the correction from the asymmetric strange-antistrange sea of the nucleon by using both the light-cone baryon-meson fluctuation model and the chiral quark model, and show that a significant part of the NuTeV anomaly can be explained by the strange-antistrange asymmetry. We also show that the calculated $s/\bar{s}$ asymmetry are compatible with the NuTeV data by including some additional symmetric $s/\bar{s}$ quark contribution.
description: 4 Latex pages, 1 figure, talk presented at International Conference on QCD and Hadronic Physics, Beijing, China, June 16-20, 2005
Additional file 2 of cjrABC-senB hinders survival of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli in the bloodstream through triggering complement-mediated killing
Creators: name: Huang, Wen-Chun
name: Yi-Jyun Liao
name: Hashimoto, Masayuki
name: Kuan-Fu Chen
name: Chishih Chu
name: Po-Chuen Hsu
name: Shuying Wang
name: Teng, Ching-Hao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2 Fig. S2. The expression of OmpA, NlpI, Prc, and LPS in Cjr+-RS218 and Cjr−-RS218 (a) The levels of OmpA, NlpI, and Prc in Cjr+-RS218 and Cjr−-RS218. Equal amounts of bacterial lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE and then probed with OmpA, NlpI, and Prc antisera. (b) LPS of Cjr+-RS218 and Cjr−-RS218. LPS samples derived from equal amounts of bacteria were analyzed by silver staining after separation by SDS-PAGE.
Simulations of prominence eruption preceded with large amplitude longitudinal oscillations and draining
Creators: name: Fan, Yuhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the evolution from quasi-equilibrium to eruption of a prominence-forming twisted coronal flux rope under a coronal streamer. We have compared the cases with and without the formation of prominence condensations, and the case where prominence condensations form but we artificially initiate the draining of the prominence. We find that the prominence weight has a significant effect on the stability of the flux rope, and can significantly increase the loss-of-equilibrium height. The flux rope can be made to erupt earlier by initiating draining of the prominence mass. We have also performed a simulation where large amplitude longitudinal oscillations of the prominence are excited during the quasi-static phase. We find that the gravity force along the magnetic field lines is the major restoring force for the oscillations, in accordance with the ``pendulum model'', although the oscillation periods are higher (by about 10% to 40%) than estimated from the model because of the dynamic deformation of the field line dips during the oscillations. The oscillation period is also found to be slightly smaller for the lower part of the prominence in the deeper dips compared to the upper part in the shallower dips. The oscillations are quickly damped out after about 2-3 periods and are followed by prominence draining and the eventual eruption of the prominence. However we do not find a significant enhancement of the prominence draining and earlier onset of eruption with the excitation of the prominence oscillations compared to the case without.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Performing diagnostic radial access coronary angiography on uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulant therapy: a prospective analysis
Creators: name: Chongprasertpon, Napohn
name: Zebrauskaite, Aiste
name: Joseph Coughlan, John
name: Ibrahim, Abdalla
name: Arnous, Samer
name: Hennessy, Terence
name: Kiernan, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Purpose We sought to assess the safety of performing diagnostic radial access coronary angiography with uninterrupted anticoagulation on patients receiving direct oral anticoagulant therapy.
Background Direct oral anticoagulants have become a popular choice for the prevention of thromboembolism. Risk factors for thromboembolism are common among cardiovascular conditions and indications for direct oral anticoagulant therapy as well as coronary angiography often overlap in patients. It has been hypothesised that uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulant therapy would increase haemorrhagic and access site complications, however data in this area is limited.
Methods This was a prospective observational analysis of 49 patients undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography while receiving uninterrupted anticoagulation with direct oral anticoagulants. This population was compared with a control group of 49 unselected patients presenting to the cardiology service for elective diagnostic coronary angiography. Continuous variables were analysed using the independent samples t-test and categorical variables using Pearson’s χ2 test.
Results The mean duration of radial compression for the control group was 235.8±62.8min and for the uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulant group was 258.4±56.5min. There was no significant difference in mean duration of radial compression (p=0.07; 95% CI=-1.4 to 46.5). There was also no difference in the complication rate between the two groups (p=1).
Conclusions We observed similar complication rates and radial artery compression time postangiography in both groups. This small prospective observational study suggests that uninterrupted continuation of direct oral anticoagulants during coronary angiography is safe. Larger randomised control studies in this area would be beneficial
Long-Term Evolution of Supernova Remnants in Magnetized Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Hanayama, Hidekazu
name: Tomisaka, Kohji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of supernova remnants (SNRs) is studied, with particular attention to the effect of magnetic fields with axisymmetric two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations. The evolution of magnetic SNRs is the same as non-magnetic ones in the adiabatic Sedov stage. After a thin shell is formed, the shell is driven by the pressure of the hot interior gas (bubble). Evolution in the pressure-driven snow-plow phase is much affected by the magnetic field. The shell sweeping the magnetic field lines thickens owing to the magnetic pressure force. After $5\times 10^5{\rm yr}$ - $2\times 10^6{\rm yr}$, the inner boundary of the thick shell begins to contract. This compresses the hot bubble radially and maintains its thermal pressure. Thus, the bubble forms a prolate spheroidal shape and becomes thinner and thinner, since it expands in a direction parallel to the magnetic field for $B_0 \gtrsim 3μ{\rm G}$. Finally, the bubble contracts. The porosity of the hot low-density gas in ISM is reduced, taking the effect of the magnetic field into account.
description: 32pages and 39figures