cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exotic marginally outer trapped surfaces in rotating spacetimes of any dimension
Creators: name: Booth, Ivan
name: Chan, Kam To Billy
name: Hennigar, Robie A.
name: Kunduri, Hari
name: Muth, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently developed MOTSodesic method for locating marginally outer trapped surfaces was effectively restricted to non-rotating spacetimes. In this paper we extend the method to (multi-)axisymmetric time slices of (multi-)axisymmetric spacetimes of any dimension. We then apply this method to study marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTSs) in the BTZ, Kerr and Myers-Perry black holes. While there are many similarities between the MOTSs observed in these spacetimes and those seen in Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström, details of the more complicated geometries also introduce some new, previously unseen, behaviours.
description: 53 pages, 17 figures, V2: minor typos corrected, version submitted to journal
GermanIum Array for Non-destructive Testing (GIANT) setup for Muon Induced X-ray Emission (MIXE) at the Paul Scherrer Institute
Creators: name: Gerchow, Lars
name: Biswas, Sayani
name: Janka, Gianluca
name: Vigo, Carlos
name: Knecht, Andreas
name: Vogiatzi, Stergiani Marina
name: Ritjoho, Narongrit
name: Prokscha, Thomas
name: Luetkens, Hubertus
name: Amato, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The usage of muonic X-rays to study elemental properties like nuclear radii ranges back to the seventies. This triggered the pioneering work at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), during the eighties, on the Muon Induced X-ray Emission (MIXE) technique for a non-destructive assessment of elemental compositions. In the recent years, this method has seen a rebirth, improvement and adoption at most muon facilities around the world. Hereby, the PSI offers unique capabilities with its high-rate continuous muon beam at the Swiss Muon Source (S$μ$S). We report here the decision making, construction and commissioning of a dedicated MIXE spectrometer at PSI, the GermanIum Array for Non-destructive Testing (GIANT) setup. Multiple campaigns highlighted the outstanding capabilities of MIXE at PSI, e.g. resolving down to 1 at% elemental concentrations with as little as 1 h data taking, measuring isotopic ratios for elements from iron to lead, and characterizing gamma rays induced by muon nuclear capture. On-target beamspots were characterized with a dedicated charged particle tracker to be 22.06$\pm$0.18 and 14.45$\pm$0.06 mm for 25 and 45 MeV/c, respectively. Advanced analysis of the High Purity Germanium (HPGe) signals further allows to improve energy and timing resolutions to ~1 keV and 20 ns at 1 MeV, respectively. Within the GIANT setup, an average detector has a photopeak efficiency of $\overline{ε_E}$ =0.11% and an energy resolution of $\overline{σ_E}$ = 0.8 keV at E=1000 keV. The overall performance of the GIANT setup at S$μ$S allowed to start a rich user program with archaeological samples, Li-ion battery research, and collaboration with industry. Future improvements will include a simulation based analysis and a higher degree of automation, e.g. automatic scans of a series of muon momenta and automatic sample changing.
Thermal Dynamics in General Relativity
Creators: name: Lopez-Monsalvo, C. S.
name: Andersson, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a relativistic model for heat conduction, building on a convective variational approach to multi-fluid systems where the entropy is treated as a distinct dynamical entity. We demonstrate how this approach leads to a relativistic version of the Cattaneo equation, encoding the finite thermal relaxation time that is required to satisfy causality. We also show that the model naturally includes the non-equilibrium Gibbs relation that is a key ingredient in most approaches to extended thermodynamics. Focussing on the pure heat conduction problem, we compare the variational results to the second-order model developed by Israel and Stewart. The comparison shows that, despite the very different philosophies behind the two approaches, the two models are equivalent at first order deviations from thermal equilibrium. Finally, we complete the picture by working out the non-relativistic limit of our results, making contact with recent work in that regime.
Nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative coupling for access to biaryl motifs
Creators: name: LaBerge, Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The goal of this research project was to design a sustainable catalytic cross-coupling reaction using nickel and carboxylic acid derivatives and apply it to the synthesis biaryls. A low-cost route to a variety of functionalized bis(hetero)aryl and biaryl motifs has been developed using aryl esters and boronic acids. This Suzuki-Miyaura-type decarbonylative cross- coupling is catalyzed by an affordable low-toxic catalyst system composed of Ni(cod)2 and PCy3. Electron-rich arylboronic acids gave the highest yields. A variety of functional groups including methyl ethers, esters, fluorine substituents and acetals are compatible with the reaction conditions. The reaction did not tolerate boronic acids possessing halogen or cyano functionalities. Aryl esters with and without nitrogen atoms were also accommodated in the reaction. The methodology reveals challenges associated with nickel and esters in cross- coupling chemistry. Additionally, it presents an attractive alternative to the use of palladium catalysis currently used in industry to acquire such biaryls.
Generic Certificates
Creators: name: Glauber, Joseph W.
name: Glauber, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Generic certificates
subject: issuances
subject: exchanges
subject: auctions
subject: premiums
subject: CCMTI
subject: wheat
subject: budget costs

description: The Food Security Act of 1985 authorizes the U.S. Department of Agriculture to issue generic certificates in lieu of cash payments due program participants and merchants of agricultural products under provisions of several programs. The certificates can be used to acquire stocks held as collateral on Government loans or owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). Certificates offer producers and merchants advantages in exchanging them for crops held under loan or owned by the CCC, and their use has freed-up stocks which might not have been marketed. While the costs of using certificates likely exceeded the costs of issuing those payments in cash during fiscal year 1987, costs for FY 1988 and FY 1989 are estimated to be about the same as had the payments been made in cash. As of March 31,1988, about $17.9 billion of certificates had been issued since April 1986. Total certificate redemptions as of May 31,1988, approached $17.1 billion. Approximately 72 percent of the exchanges have been for corn ($12.4 billion), 20 percent for wheat ($3.3 billion), and the remainder for various other commodities held under loan or owned by the CCC.
Chandra Phase-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopy of the Crab Pulsar II
Creators: name: Weisskopf, Martin C.
name: Tennant, Allyn F.
name: Yakovlev, Dmitry G.
name: Harding, Alice
name: Zavlin, Vyacheslav E.
name: O'Dell, Stephen L.
name: Elsner, Ronald F.
name: Becker, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new study of the X-ray spectral properties of the Crab Pulsar. The superb angular resolution of the Chandra X-ray Observatory enables distinguishing the pulsar from the surrounding nebulosity. Analysis of the spectrum as a function of pulse phase allows the least-biased measure of interstellar X-ray extinction due primarily to photoelectric absorption and secondarily to scattering by dust grains in the direction of the Crab Nebula. We modify previous findings that the line-of-sight to the Crab is under-abundant in oxygen and provide measurements with improved accuracy and less bias. Using the abundances and cross sections from Wilms, Allen & McCray (2000) we find [O/H] = $(5.28 \pm 0.28)\times10^{-4}$ ($4.9 \times10^{-4}$ is solar abundance). We also measure for the first time the impact of scattering of flux out of the image by interstellar grains. We find $τ_{\rm scat} = 0.147 \pm 0.043$. Analysis of the spectrum as a function of pulse phase also measures the X-ray spectral index even at pulse minimum --- albeit with increasing statistical uncertainty. The spectral variations are, by and large, consistent with a sinusoidal variation. The only significant variation from the sinusoid occurs over the same phase range as some rather abrupt behavior in the optical polarization magnitude and position angle. We compare these spectral variations to those observed in Gamma-rays and conclude that our measurements are both a challenge and a guide to future modeling and will thus eventually help us understand pair cascade processes in pulsar magnetospheres. The data were also used to set new, and less biased, upper limits to the surface temperature of the neutron star for different models of the neutron star atmosphere.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures submitted to the Astrophysical journal
The Universal RG Machine
Creators: name: Benedetti, Dario
name: Groh, Kai
name: Machado, Pedro F.
name: Saueressig, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Functional Renormalization Group Equations constitute a powerful tool to encode the perturbative and non-perturbative properties of a physical system. We present an algorithm to systematically compute the expansion of such flow equations in a given background quantity specified by the approximation scheme. The method is based on off-diagonal heat-kernel techniques and can be implemented on a computer algebra system, opening access to complex computations in, e.g., Gravity or Yang-Mills theory. In a first illustrative example, we re-derive the gravitational $β$-functions of the Einstein-Hilbert truncation, demonstrating their background-independence. As an additional result, the heat-kernel coefficients for transverse vectors and transverse-traceless symmetric matrices are computed to second order in the curvature.
description: 38 pages
The reconstructed CMB lensing bispectrum
Creators: name: Kalaja, Alba
name: Orlando, Giorgio
name: Bowkis, Aleksandr
name: Challinor, Anthony
name: Meerburg, P. Daniel
name: Namikawa, Toshiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak gravitational lensing by the intervening large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe is the leading non-linear effect on the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The integrated line-of-sight mass that causes the distortion -- known as lensing convergence -- can be reconstructed from the lensed temperature and polarization anisotropies via estimators quadratic in the CMB modes, and its power spectrum has been measured from multiple CMB experiments. Sourced by the non-linear evolution of structure, the bispectrum of the lensing convergence provides additional information on late-time cosmological evolution complementary to the power spectrum. However, when trying to estimate the summary statistics of the reconstructed lensing convergence, a number of noise-biases are introduced, as previous studies have shown for the power spectrum. Here, we explore for the first time the noise-biases in measuring the bispectrum of the reconstructed lensing convergence. We compute the leading noise-biases in the flat-sky limit and compare our analytical results against simulations, finding excellent agreement. Our results are critical for future attempts to reconstruct the lensing convergence bispectrum with real CMB data.
description: 40 pages (including refs), 19 figures, comments very welcome
Spectral considerations of Entangled two-photon absorption effects in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiments
Creators: name: Triana-Arango, Freiman
name: Ramos-Ortiz, Gabriel
name: Ramírez-Alarcón, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, different experimental methods intended to detect the entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) phenomenon in a variety of materials have been reported. The present work explores a different approach on which the ETPA process is studied based on the changes induced in the visibility of a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferogram. By using an organic solution of Rhodamine B as a model of nonlinear material interacting with entangled photons at 800 nm region produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) Type-II, the conditions that make possible to detect changes in the visibility of a HOM interferogram upon ETPA are investigated. We support the discussion of our results by presenting a model in which the sample is considered as a spectral filtering function which fulfills the energy conservation conditions required by ETPA, allowing to explain the experimental observations with good agreement. We believe that this work represents a new perspective to studying the ETPA interaction, by using an ultra-sensitive quantum interference technique and a detailed mathematical model of the process.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.05985
Patient preferences for elagolix and leuprolide for treating endometriosis-related pain in the United States
Creators: name: Poulos, Christine
name: Soliman, Ahmed M.
name: Tekin, Sibel
name: Agarwal, Sanjay K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We evaluated elagolix and leuprolide from the patient’s perspective for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain. Preference weights from a published discrete choice experiment were used to evaluate preferences for treatment profiles simulating elagolix (150 mg/day and 200 mg/twice-daily dosages) and leuprolide for the treatment of moderate to severe endometriosis-related pain. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying the range of risk for pregnancy-related problems, moderate to severe hot flashes, and bone fracture across scenarios. The 200 mg twice daily dosage of elagolix is more likely to be preferred over leuprolide by patients with moderate to severe endometriosis-related pain in all scenarios explored in the evaluation and sensitivity analyses. The probability that an average respondent would select a treatment was sensitive to increases in risk of moderate to severe hot flashes for leuprolide and possible variations in the risk of pregnancy-related problems for both treatments but was not influenced by an increased risk of bone fracture. Patients’ preferences for treatment of endometriosis-related pain should be evaluated using the benefits and risks of each pharmacological option. Respondents were more likely to prefer the treatment profile similar to 200 mg twice daily elagolix over that of leuprolide in all scenarios.
Epitaxial graphene prepared by chemical vapor deposition on single crystal thin iridium films on sapphire
Creators: name: Vo-Van, Chi
name: Kimouche, Amina
name: Reserbat-Plantey, Antoine
name: Fruchart, Olivier
name: Bayle-Guillemaud, Pascale
name: Bendiab, Nedjma
name: Coraux, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uniform single layer graphene was grown on single-crystal Ir films a few nanometers thick which were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on sapphire wafers. These graphene layers have a single crystallographic orientation and a very low density of defects, as shown by diffraction, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Their structural quality is as high as that of graphene produced on Ir bulk single crystals, i.e. much higher than on metal thin films used so far.
description: To appear in Appl. Phys. Lett
Tenth-order lepton g-2: Contribution of some fourth-order radiative corrections to the sixth-order g-2 containing light-by-light-scattering subdiagrams
Creators: name: Aoyama, T.
name: Hayakawa, M.
name: Kinoshita, T.
name: Nio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports the tenth-order QED contribution to lepton g-2 from diagrams of three gauge-invariant sets VI(d), VI(g), and VI(h), which are obtained by including various fourth-order radiative corrections to the sixth-order g-2 containing light-by-light-scattering subdiagrams. In the case of electron g-2, they consist of 492, 480, and 630 vertex Feynman diagrams, respectively. The results of numerical integration, including mass-dependent terms containing muon loops, are 1.8418(95) (alpha/pi)^5 for the Set VI(d), -1.5918(65) (alpha/pi)^5 for the Set VI(g), and 0.1797(40) (alpha/pi)^5 for the Set VI(h), respectively. We also report the contributions to the muon g-2, which derive from diagrams containing an electron, muon or tau lepton loop: Their sums are -5.876(802) (alpha/pi)^5 for the Set VI(d), 5.710(490) (alpha/pi)^5 for the Set VI(g), and -8.361(232) (alpha/pi)^5 for the Set VI(h), respectively.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Andreev Reflection and Klein Tunneling in High-Temperature Superconductor/Graphene Junctions
Creators: name: Jois, Sharadh
name: Lado, Jose L.
name: Gu, Genda
name: Li., Qiang
name: Lee, Ji Ung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering processes in quantum materials emerge as resonances in electronic transport, including confined modes, Andreev states, and Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states. However, in most instances, these resonances are driven by a single scattering mechanism. Here we show the appearance of resonances due to the combination of two simultaneous scattering mechanisms, one from superconductivity and the other from graphene p-n junctions. These resonances stem from Andreev reflection and Klein tunneling that occur at two different interfaces of a hole-doped region of graphene formed at the boundary with superconducting graphene due to proximity effects from Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_1$Cu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$. The resonances persist with gating the from p$^+$-p and p-n configurations. The suppression of the oscillation amplitude above the bias energy comparable to the induced superconducting gap indicates the contribution from Andreev reflection. Our experimental measurements are supported by quantum transport calculations in such interfaces, leading to analogous resonances. Our results put forward a hybrid scattering mechanism in graphene/high-temperature superconductor heterojunctions of potential impact for graphene-based Josephson junctions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted
Search for Supersymmetry in Events with b Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum at the LHC
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for supersymmetry is presented using a sample of events with b jets and missing transverse momentum. The search uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse picobarns, collected with the CMS detector. A total of 0.33 +0.43 -0.33 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.) events is predicted, using control samples in the data, to arise from standard model processes, and one event is observed in the data. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the cross sections of benchmark supersymmetric models.
Classical vs Quantum Eikonal Scattering and its Causal Structure
Creators: name: Bellazzini, Brando
name: Isabella, Giulia
name: Riva, Massimiliano Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the eikonal scattering of two gravitationally interacting bodies, in the regime of large angular momentum and large center of mass energy. We show that eikonal exponentiation of the scattering phase matrix is a direct consequence of the group contraction $SU(2)\to ISO(2)$, from rotations to the isometries of the plane, in the large angular momentum limit. We extend it to all orders in the scattering angle, and for all masses and spins. The emergence of the classical limit is understood in terms of the continuous-spin representations admitted by $ISO(2)$. We further investigate the competing classical vs quantum corrections to the leading classical eikonal scattering, and find several interesting examples where quantum corrections are more important than Post-Minkowskian's. As a case of study, we analyse the scattering of a photon off a massless neutral scalar field, up to next-to-leading order in the Newton constant, and to leading order in the fine structure constant. We investigate the causal structure of the eikonal regime and establish an infinite set of non-linear positivity bounds, of which positivity of time delay is the simplest.
description: 32 pages + Appendices and References, 5 Figures, published version
Costs of medication use among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the Dutch healthcare system
Creators: name: Kip, Michelle M. A.
name: de Roock, Sytze
name: Currie, Gillian
name: Marshall, Deborah A.
name: Grazziotin, Luiza R.
name: Twilt, Marinka
name: Yeung, Rae S. M.
name: Benseler, Susanne M.
name: Schreijer, Maud A.
name: Vastert, Sebastiaan J.
name: Wulffraat, Nico
name: van Royen-Kerkhof, Annet
name: Swart, Joost F.
name: IJzerman, Maarten J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Plant Biology

description: Background: This study aims to quantify medication costs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), based on subtype. Research design and methods: This study is a single-center, retrospective analysis of prospective data from electronic medical records of JIA patients, aged 0–18 years between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2019. Patient characteristics (age, gender, subtype) and medication use were extracted. Medication use and costs were reported as: 1) mean total annual costs; 2) between-patient heterogeneity in these costs; 3) duration of medication use; and, 4) costs over the treatment course. Results: The analysis included 691 patients. Mean total medication costs were €2,103/patient/year, including €1,930/patient/year (91.8%) spent on biologicals. Costs varied considerably between subtypes, with polyarticular rheumatoid-factor positive and systemic JIA patients having the highest mean costs (€5,020/patient/year and €4,790/patient/year, respectively). Mean annual medication costs over the patient’s treatment course ranged from €11,000/year (2.5% of patients). Etanercept and adalimumab were the most commonly used biologicals. Cost fluctuations over the treatment course were primarily attributable to biological use. Conclusions: Polyarticular rheumatoid-factor positive and systemic JIA patients had the highest mean total annual medication costs, primarily attributable to biologicals. Costs varied considerably between subtypes, individuals, and over the treatment course.
N-body simulations in reconstruction of the kinematics of young stars in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Rautiainen, Pertti
name: Mel'nik, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We try to determine the Galactic structure by comparing the observed and modeled velocities of OB-associations in the 3 kpc solar neighborhood. We made N-body simulations with a rotating stellar bar. The galactic disk in our model includes gas and stellar subsystems. The velocities of gas particles averaged over large time intervals ($\sim 8$ bar rotation periods) are compared with the observed velocities of the OB-associations. Our models reproduce the directions of the radial and azimuthal components of the observed residual velocities in the Perseus and Sagittarius regions and in the Local system. The mean difference between the model and observed velocities is $ΔV=3.3$ km s$^{-1}$. The optimal value of the solar position angle $θ_b$ providing the best agreement between the model and observed velocities is $θ_b=45\pm5^\circ$, in good accordance with several recent estimates. The self-gravitating stellar subsystem forms a bar, an outer ring of subclass $R_1$, and slower spiral modes. Their combined gravitational perturbation leads to time-dependent morphology in the gas subsystem, which forms outer rings with elements of the $R_1$- and $R_2$-morphology. The success of N-body simulations in the Local System is likely due to the gravity of the stellar $R_1$-ring, which is omitted in models with analytical bars.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Covariant Worldline Numerics for Charge Motion with Radiation Reaction
Creators: name: Harvey, C.
name: Heinzl, T.
name: Iji, N.
name: Langfeld, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a numerical formulation to calculate the classical motion of charges in strong electromagnetic fields, such as those occurring in high-intensity laser beams. By reformulating the dynamics in terms of SL(2,C) matrices representing the Lorentz group, our formulation maintains explicit covariance, in particular the mass-shell condition. Considering an electromagnetic plane wave field where the analytic solution is known as a test case, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for solving both the Lorentz force and the Landau-Lifshitz equations. The latter, a second order reduction of the Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac equation, describes radiation reaction without the usual pathologies.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Enhancement of the critical temperature in iron-pnictide superconductors by finite size effects
Creators: name: Araújo, M. A. N.
name: García-García, Antonio M.
name: Sacramento, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have shown that, in agreement with previous theoretical predictions, superconductivity in metallic nanostructures can be enhanced with respect to the bulk limit. Motivated by these results we study finite size effects (FSE) in an iron-pnictide superconductor. For realistic values of the bulk critical temperature Tc ~ 20-50K, we find that, in the nanoscale region L ~ 10 nm, Tc(L) has a complicated oscillating pattern as a function of the system size L. A substantial enhancement of Tc with respect to the bulk limit is observed for different boundary conditions, geometries and two microscopic models of superconductivity. Thermal fluctuations, which break long range order, are still small in this region. Finally we show that the differential conductance, an experimental observable, is also very sensitive to FSE.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Gate-tunable heavy fermions in a moiré Kondo lattice
Creators: name: Zhao, Wenjin
name: Shen, Bowen
name: Tao, Zui
name: Han, Zhongdong
name: Kang, Kaifei
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Mak, Kin Fai
name: Shan, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kondo lattice, describing a matrix of local magnetic moments coupled via spin-exchange interactions to itinerant conduction electrons, is a prototype of strongly correlated quantum matter. Traditionally, Kondo lattices are realized in intermetallic compounds containing lanthanide or actinide. The complex electronic structure and limited tunability of both the electron density and exchange interactions in these bulk materials pose significant challenges to study Kondo lattice physics. Here, we report the realization of a synthetic Kondo lattice in AB-stacked MoTe2/WSe2 moiré bilayers, where the MoTe2 layer is tuned to a Mott insulating state, supporting a triangular moiré lattice of local moments, and the WSe2 layer is doped with itinerant conduction carriers. We observe heavy fermions with a large Fermi surface below the Kondo temperature. We also observe destruction of the heavy fermions by an external magnetic field with an abrupt decrease of the Fermi surface size and quasiparticle mass. We further demonstrate widely and continuously gate-tunable Kondo temperatures through either the itinerant carrier density or Kondo interaction. Our study opens the possibility of in-situ access to the rich phase diagram of the Kondo lattice with exotic quantum criticalities in a single device based on semiconductor moiré materials
Geometric Phases in Kaon Decays and Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Sangiri, Swarup
name: Sarkar, Utpal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the formalism for construction of Bargmann invariants (BIs) as quantum mechanical geometric phases and identified the CP invarince with the rephasing invariant phases in neutral kaon system, kaon decays, baryogenesis and leptogenesis. We develop this formalism to express the CP violation in terms of the Bargmann invariants, which allow us to interpret them as geometric phases. We then comment on the application of such generalized treatment of CP phases.
Scalar field in cosmology: Potential for isotropization and inflation
Creators: name: Rybakov, Yu. P.
name: Shikin, G. N.
name: Popov, Yu. A.
name: Saha, Bijan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The important role of scalar field in cosmology was noticed by a number of authors. Due to the fact that the scalar field possesses zero spin, it was basically considered in isotropic cosmological models. If considered in an anisotropic model, the linear scalar field does not lead to isotropization of expansion process. One needs to introduce scalar field with nonlinear potential for the isotropization process to take place. In this paper the general form of scalar field potentials leading to the asymptotic isotropization in case of Bianchi type-I cosmological model, and inflationary regime in case of isotropic space-time is obtained. In doing so we solved both direct and inverse problem, where by direct problem we mean to find metric functions and scalar field for the given potential, whereas, the inverse problem means to find the potential and scalar field for the given metric function. The scalar field potentials leading to the inflation and isotropization were found both for harmonic and proper synchronic time.
description: 10 pages
Investigating the Hubble Tension: Effect of Cepheid Calibration
Creators: name: Thakur, Rahul Kumar
name: Kumar, Harish
name: Gupta, Shashikant
name: Verma, Dinkar
name: Nigam, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) by SH0ES collaboration (R11 and R16) diverge from the value reported by recent CMBR observations utilising the Planck satellite and application of the $ΛCDM$ cosmological model by at least $3 σ$. It is among the most challenging problems in contemporary cosmology and is known as the Hubble tension. The SNe Ia in R11 and R16 were calibrated through cepheid variables in three distinct galaxies: Milky Way, LMC, and NGC4258. Carnegie Hubble Program (CHP) observations of type Ia SNe calibrated using the tip of the red giant approach yielded a somewhat different estimate for the Hubble constant. This decreased the Hubble tension from over 3$σ$ to below 2$σ$. It is a legitimate question to answer whether there are any issues with SNe Ia calibration and to investigate whether the Hubble tension is real or not. We use statistical techniques namely, ANOVA, K-S test, and t-test to examine whether the cepheid calibration is host-dependent. Our analysis shows that (i) both R11 and R16 data suffer from non-Gaussian systematic effects, (ii) $H_0$ values in the sub-samples (different anchor-based) in both R11 and R16 groups are significantly different at a 99\% confidence level, and (iii) neglecting the metal-rich MW sample does not reduce the $H_0$ value significantly, and thus Hubble tension persists. A small reduction in the Hubble constant could be linked to the differences in the host environment. Hence instead of using a single universal relation environment based slope and zero point should be preferred.
description: 15 pages (single column), 7 figures
Structures of Fluorinated Graphenes and Their Signatures
Creators: name: Sahin, Hasan
name: Topsakal, Mehmet
name: Ciraci, Salim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent synthesis of fluorinated graphene introduced interesting stable derivatives of graphene. In particular, fluorographene (CF), namely fully fluorinated chair conformation, is found to display crucial features, such as high mechanical strength, charged surfaces, local magnetic moments due to vacancy defects and a wide band gap rapidly reducing with uniform strain. These properties, as well as structural parameters and electronic densities of states are found to scale with fluorine coverage. However, most of the experimental data reported to date neither for CF, nor for other CnF structures complies with the results obtained from first-principles calculations. In this study, we attempt to clarify the sources of disagreements.
description: Phys. Rev. B 83, 115432 (2011)
A review on the genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in reducing ischemic events
Creators: name: Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed
name: Daud, Nur Aizati Athirah
name: Abubakar Sha'aban
name: Ng, Mei Li
name: Baharudin Ibrahim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111503 Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Antiplatelet therapy can significantly reduce the risk of thrombotic events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). International guidelines substantially recommend the use of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent studies had found that patients treated with clopidogrel while carrying CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) variants had an increased risk of ischemic events. Therefore, a genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection strategy has been introduced by several guidelines. However, some evidences found that this genotype-guided strategy failed to reduce the incidence of ischemic events. This is a review of the literature related to patients undergoing PCI and their benefit from CYP2C19 genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection strategies that have become of interest in clinical practice. Articles were searched using Google Scholar and PubMed for the period between February 2015 to August 2020. This review found that the recommendation on genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection differs between Asian, European, and American guidelines. The differences are mainly due to available evidence on different ethnic groups in clinical practice. This included selecting strong and weak P2Y12 receptor inhibitors for different populations and switching between P2Y12 inhibitors and different Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) strategy based on genotype guidelines. CYP2C19 genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection strategy is not inferior to standard antiplatelet therapy, but it is still not recommended by clinical guidelines due to a lack of potential evidence for treating ischemic events
Fabrication of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates Using Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation in Liquids
Creators: name: Ondieki, A. M.
name: Birech, Z.
name: Kaduki, K. A.
name: Mwangi, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This research describes the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates based on colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by laser ablation of silver granules in pure water that are inexpensive, easy to make, and chemically stable. Here, the effects of the laser power, pulse repetition frequency, and ablation duration on the Surface Plasmon Resonance peak of AgNPs solutions, were used to determine the optimal parameters. Also, the effects of the laser ablation time on both ablation efficiency and SERS enhancement were studied. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Raman spectrometer. The Surface Plasmon Resonance peak of AgNP solutions was centered at 404 nm confirming their synthesis. Using Raman spectroscopy, they had main bands centered at 196, 568, 824, 1060, 1312 cm-1, 1538 and 2350 cm-1. Their Raman spectral profiles remained constant within the first few days of storage at room temperature implying chemical stability. The Raman signals from blood were enhanced when mixed with AgNPs and this depended on colloidal AgNPs concentration. Using those generated by 12 hrs ablation time, an enhancement of 14.95 was achieved. Additionally, these substrates had an insignificant impact on the Raman profiles of samples of rat blood when mixed with them. The Raman peaks noted were 932, 1064, 1190, 1338, 1410, 1650 and 2122 cm-1. These SERS substrates can be applied to areas such as forensics, monitoring of the efficacy of drugs, disease diagnostics and pathogen detection. All this can be achieved by comparing the Raman spectra of the biological samples mixed with the synthesized SERS substrates for different samples. Thus, the results on the use of inexpensive, simple-to-prepare Raman substrates have the possibility of making surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy available to laboratories with scarce resources in developing nations.
Permittivity-asymmetric quasi-bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: Berté, Rodrigo
name: Weber, Thomas
name: Menezes, Leonardo de S.
name: Kühner, Lucca
name: Aigner, Andreas
name: Barkey, Martin
name: Wendisch, Fedja J.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
name: Tittl, Andreas
name: Maier, Stefan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broken symmetries lie at the heart of nontrivial physical phenomena. Breaking the in-plane geometrical symmetry of optical systems allows to access a set of electromagnetic states termed symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs). Here we demonstrate, theoretically, numerically and experimentally, that such optical states can also be accessed in metasurfaces by breaking the in-plane symmetry in the permittivity of the comprising materials, showing a remarkable equivalence to their geometrically-asymmetric counterparts. However, while the physical size of atoms imposes a limit on the lowest achievable geometrical asymmetry, weak permittivity modulations due to carrier doping and electro-optical Pockels and Kerr effects, usually considered insignificant, open up the possibility of infinitesimal permittivity asymmetries for on-demand, and dynamically tuneable optical resonances of extremely high quality factors. We probe the excitation of permittivity-asymmetric qBICs (${\varepsilon}$-qBICs) using a prototype Si/TiO$_{2}$ metasurface, in which the asymmetry in the unit cell is provided by the refractive index contrast of the dissimilar materials, surpassing any unwanted asymmetries from nanofabrication defects or angular deviations of light from normal incidence. ${\varepsilon}$-qBICs can also be excited in 1D gratings, where quality-factor enhancement and tailored interference phenomena via the interplay of geometrical and permittivity asymmetries are numerically demonstrated. The emergence of ${\varepsilon}$-qBICs in systems with broken symmetries in their permittivity may enable to test time-energy uncertainties in quantum mechanics, and lead to a whole new class of low-footprint optical and optoelectronic devices, from arbitrarily narrow filters and topological sources, biosensing and ultrastrong light-matter interaction platforms, to tuneable optical switches.
description: Manuscript and Supplementary Information, 27 pages, 4 Figures manuscript + 4 Supplementary Figures
Applications of inverse problems in fluids and imaging
Creators: name: Gregson, James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Three applications of inverse problems relating to fluid imaging and image deblurring are presented. The first two, tomographic reconstruction of dye concentration fields from multi-view video and deblurring of photographs, are addressed by a stochastic optimization scheme that allows a wide variety of priors to be incorporated into the reconstruction process within a straightforward framework. The third, estimation of fluid velocities from volumetric dye concentration fields, highlights a previously unexplored connection between fluid simulation and proximal algorithms from convex optimization. This connection allows several classical imaging inverse problems to be investigated in the context of fluids, including optical flow, denoising and deconvolution. The connection also allows inverse problems to be incorporated into fluid simulation for the purposes of physically-based regularization of optical flow and for stylistic modifications of fluid captures. Through both methods and all three applications the importance of incorporating domain-specific priors into inverse problems for fluids and imaging is highlighted.
Additional file 2 of Stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation negatively regulates fear memory in mice
Creators: name: Dong, Yuan
name: Li, Shuoshuo
name: Lu, Yiming
name: Li, Xiaoheng
name: Liao, Yajin
name: Peng, Zhixin
name: Li, Yunfeng
name: Hou, Lin
name: Yuan, Zengqiang
name: Cheng, Jinbo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2.
A review on the genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in reducing ischemic events
Creators: name: Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed
name: Daud, Nur Aizati Athirah
name: Abubakar Sha'aban
name: Baharudin Ibrahim
name: Ng, Mei Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111503 Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Antiplatelet therapy can significantly reduce the risk of thrombotic events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). International guidelines substantially recommend the use of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent studies had found that patients treated with clopidogrel while carrying CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) variants had an increased risk of ischemic events. Therefore, a genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection strategy has been introduced by several guidelines. However, some evidences found that this genotype-guided strategy failed to reduce the incidence of ischemic events. This is a review of the literature related to patients undergoing PCI and their benefit from CYP2C19 genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection strategies that have become of interest in clinical practice. Articles were searched using Google Scholar and PubMed for the period between February 2015 to August 2020. This review found that the recommendation on genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection differs between Asian, European, and American guidelines. The differences are mainly due to available evidence on different ethnic groups in clinical practice. This included selecting strong and weak P2Y12 receptor inhibitors for different populations and switching between P2Y12 inhibitors and different Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) strategy based on genotype guidelines. CYP2C19 genotype-guided oral P2Y12 inhibitor selection strategy is not inferior to standard antiplatelet therapy, but it is still not recommended by clinical guidelines due to a lack of potential evidence for treating ischemic events
mathematical model of the combined agricultural working body
Creators: name: Belousov, Sergey Vitalyevich
name: Novikov Vladislav Vladimirovich
name: Belousova, Anna Igorevna
name: Filippov, Dmitry Alexandrovich
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: plow
soil
width of grip
pressure
quality of treatment
working body
energy efficiency
load
mould board
working surface
experiment
quality.

description: The article is devoted to the scientific approach with the help of computer-aided design tools for modeling the processes of interaction of tillage tools with soil. The article has an applied character, which is expressed in the fact that the method of computer-aided design in Mathcad using software CAD COMPASS 3D has been used. The analyses of expressions in the form of three-dimensional graphs are widely presented and their detailed review is given, which can be used to perform the improvement of the design of units that perform the main treatment of the soil with a turnover of a layer. As a result of the work done, there was obtained a combined plowshare with additional flat-cutting working bodies, there was made a matrix of experiment planning, there was obtained a graph of the dependence of the width grip of the flat-cutting razor on the speed of the arable unit. There were substantiated the factors of influence on performance as a result of using the planning of the two-factor experiment due to the orthogonal plan, there were determined the optimal settings of the operation modes of the plowshare.