cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamo Sensitivity In Solar Analogs With 50 Years Of Ca Ii H & K Activity
Creators: name: Egeland, Ricky
name: Soon, Willie
name: Baliunas, Sallie
name: Hall, Jeffrey C.
name: Pevtsov, Alexei A.
name: Henry, Gregory W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Sun
Solar Analogs
Stellar Rotation
Stellar Activity
Long-Term Variability

description: The Sun has a steady 11-year cycle in magnetic activity most well-known by the rising and falling in the occurrence of dark sunspots on the solar disk in visible bandpasses.  The 11-year cycle is also manifest in the variations of emission in the Ca II H & K line cores, due to non-thermal (i.e. magnetic) heating in the lower chromosphere.  The large variation in Ca II H & K emission allows for study of the patterns of long-term variability in other stars thanks to synoptic monitoring with the Mount Wilson Observatory HK photometers (1966-2003) and Lowell Observatory Solar-Stellar Spectrograph (1994-present).  Overlapping measurements for a set of 27 nearby solar-analog (spectral types G0-G5) stars were used to calibrate the two instruments and construct time series of magnetic activity up to 50 years in length.  Precise properties of fundamental importance to the dynamo are available from Hipparcos, the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey, and CHARA interferometry.  Using these long time series and measurements of fundamental properties, we do a comparative study of stellar "twins" to explore the sensitivity of the stellar dynamo to small changes to structure, rotation, and composition.  We also compare this sample to the Sun and find hints that the regular periodic variability of the solar cycle may be rare among its nearest neighbors in parameter space.

In this presentation we introduce the data and the observatories, then highlight a few interesting targets, including the Sun.  Relationships between the amplitude of variability, cycle period, and rotation period are presented.
description: Monday Morning Plenary Session, 11:00-11:20
Virtual screening of truncated single stranded DNA aptamers for Staphylococcal enterotoxin type A
Creators: name: Singh, Smriti
name: Chowdhury, Papia
name: Ghosh, Arabinda
name: Nara, Seema
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Single stranded DNA (ssDNA)/RNA aptamers, are screened through the labor intensive, iterative Systematic Evolution of Ligand by Exponential Enrichment process (SELEX) method. Complete sequence of screened aptamers never interacts with target or participates in final structure. Hence, in silico tools can be used to redesign a short length aptamer from previously reported aptamers which can have high affinity and specificity to the target. This approach is fast, cost effective, and less laborious than in vitro SELEX towards finding an aptamer sequence with better affinity with the target. Here, Staphylococcal enterotoxin type A (SEA) was used as target. A total of nine aptamers reported for different Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) enterotoxins were used as a starting pool. The aptamers were variously truncations and thoroughly analyzed through in silico methods. Three truncated aptamers namely AptSEA1.4, AptSEA2.4 and AptSEA8.4 were found to show higher affinity with target SEA. The computational data was also validated with DOT BLOT assay complemented with image analysis. These results also confirmed that the % specific binding and the dissociation constant (Kd) of truncated aptamers AptSEA1.4, AptSEA2.4 and AptSEA8.4 was better than their original counterparts. The truncated aptamers showed great promise to be used as a capture reagent in developing a sensitive assay for detection of SEA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
GB1 hairpin kinetics: capturing the folding pathway with molecular dynamics, replica exchange and optimal dimensionality reduction
Creators: name: Kuczera, Krzysztof
name: Szoszkiewicz, Robert
name: Shaffer, Christopher
name: Jas, Gouri
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: We have performed molecular dynamics (MD) and replica-exchange (REMD) simulations of folding of the GB1 hairpin peptide in aqueous solution. REMD results were consistent with a cooperative zipper folding model. 120 μs MD trajectories at 320 K yielded relaxation times of 1.8 μs and 100 ns, with the slower assigned to global folding. The MD folding/unfolding transitions also followed the cooperative zipper model, specifying nucleation at the central turn followed by consecutive hydrogen bond formation. Formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts were highly correlated. Coarse-grained kinetic models constructed with the Optimal Dimensionality Reduction (ODR) approach found a folding time of 3.3 μs and unfolding time of 4.0 μs. Additionally, relaxation times in the 130–170 ns range could be assigned to formation of the transition state and off-path intermediates. The unfolded state was the most highly populated and, significantly, most heterogenous, assembling the largest number of microstates, primarily composed of extended and turn structures. The folded state was also heterogenous, but a to a lesser degree, involving the fully folded and partially folded in-register hairpins at early stages of the zipper pathway. The transition state corresponded to the nucleated hairpin, with central turn and first beta-sheet hydrogen bond, while the off-path intermediates were off-register partial hairpins. Our simulation results were in excellent agreement with experimental data on folded fraction, relaxation time and folding mechanism. The new findings from this work suggest a highly cooperative zipper folding mechanism, nascent hairpin transition state and ∼100 ns relaxation related to intermediate formation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Magic Fermions: Carroll and Flat Bands
Creators: name: Bagchi, Arjun
name: Banerjee, Aritra
name: Basu, Rudranil
name: Islam, Minhajul
name: Mondal, Saikat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Carroll algebra is constructed as the $c\to0$ limit of the Poincare algebra and is associated to symmetries on generic null surfaces. In this paper, we begin investigations of Carrollian fermions or fermions defined on generic null surfaces. Due to the availability of two different (degenerate) metrics on Carroll spacetimes, there is the possibility of two different versions of Carroll Clifford algebras. We consider both possibilities and construct explicit representations of Carrollian gamma matrices and show how to build higher spacetime dimensional representations out of lower ones. Actions for Carroll fermions are constructed with these gamma matrices and the properties of these actions are investigated. We show that in condensed matter systems where the dispersion relation becomes trivial i.e. the energy is not dependent on momentum and bands flatten out, Carroll symmetry generically appears. We give explicit examples of this including that of twisted bi-layer graphene, where superconductivity appears at so called magic angles and connect this to Carroll fermions.
description: Five figures, 40+ pages
Study of LHC Searches for a Lepton and Many Jets
Creators: name: Lisanti, Mariangela
name: Schuster, Philip
name: Strassler, Matthew
name: Toro, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for new physics in high-multiplicity events with little or no missing energy are an important component of the LHC program, complementary to analyses that rely on missing energy. We consider the potential reach of searches for events with a lepton and six or more jets, and show they can provide increased sensitivity to many supersymmetric and exotic models that would not be detected through standard missing-energy analyses. Among these are supersymmetric models with gauge mediation, R-parity violation, and light hidden sectors. Moreover, ATLAS and CMS measurements suggest the primary background in this channel is from t-tbar, rather than W+jets or QCD, which reduces the complexity of background modeling necessary for such a search. We also comment on related searches where the lepton is replaced with another visible object, such as a Z boson.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Project instruction. EX-14-02 leg 3, Gulf of Mexico (ROV/Mapping)
Creators: name: Elliott, Kelley
Publisher: name: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Multibeam mapping--Mexico, Gulf of.

description: This document contains project instructions for EX-14-02 LEG 3. EX-14-02 LEG 3 operations are expected to commence on April 10, 2014 at Pascagoula, MS and conclude on May 1, 2014 at St. Petersburg, FL. Daily daytime ROV dives are expected with full shore-based science participation; evening/night mapping and CTD operations. Focused operations will be conducted in deep water areas south and southeast of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS), and limited operations on the west Florida shelf and adjacent Escarpment.
Methodenkoffer zu Forschungsdaten-Strategien für Fachbereiche
Creators: name: Kienbaum, Janna
name: Straka, Janine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Forschungsdatenstrategie
Research Data Strategy
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Research Data Management
Disziplinspezifisches FDM
Discipline Specific RDM
Forschungsdaten
Research data

description: Das vorliegende Dokument, der so genannte "Methodenkoffer", stellt das abschließende Projektergebnis des "FDNext"-Arbeitspaketes "FD-Strategien für Fachbereiche" der Universität Potsdam dar. Es thematisiert reflektierend die Vorgehensweisen, die die strategische Integration von disziplinspezifischen FDM-Inhalten im Fachbereich ermöglichen.
Synplasta gracilis
Creators: name: El Mouden, Mohamed Amin
name: Chandler, Peter J.
name: Saidoun, Imane
name: Driauach, Ouafaa
name: Belqat, Boutaïna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Synplasta
Synplasta gracilis

description: Synplasta gracilis (Winnertz, 1864)
Material examined.
Morocco – Middle Atlas Region • 1 ♂; Gouffre Izora; 19/V/2022; K. Aattouch, M. El Ouahabi and M. A. El Mouden leg; UAE-FST MA 22/24128 • 1 ♂; Grotte Bouslama; 19/V/2022; K. Aattouch, M. El Ouahabi and M. A. El Mouden leg; UAE-FST MA 22/24129.
North African distribution.
New to Morocco and North Africa.
description: Published as part of El Mouden, Mohamed Amin, Chandler, Peter J., Saidoun, Imane, Driauach, Ouafaa & Belqat, Boutaïna, 2025, A new species of Docosia Winnertz, 1864 and new records of fungus gnats (Diptera, Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) from North Africa, pp. 349-379 in ZooKeys 1233 on pages 349-379, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.130502
Improved Sample Complexity Analysis of Natural Policy Gradient Algorithm with General Parameterization for Infinite Horizon Discounted Reward Markov Decision Processes
Creators: name: Mondal, Washim Uddin
name: Aggarwal, Vaneet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of designing sample efficient learning algorithms for infinite horizon discounted reward Markov Decision Process. Specifically, we propose the Accelerated Natural Policy Gradient (ANPG) algorithm that utilizes an accelerated stochastic gradient descent process to obtain the natural policy gradient. ANPG achieves $\mathcal{O}({ε^{-2}})$ sample complexity and $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-1})$ iteration complexity with general parameterization where $ε$ defines the optimality error. This improves the state-of-the-art sample complexity by a $\log(\frac{1}ε)$ factor. ANPG is a first-order algorithm and unlike some existing literature, does not require the unverifiable assumption that the variance of importance sampling (IS) weights is upper bounded. In the class of Hessian-free and IS-free algorithms, ANPG beats the best-known sample complexity by a factor of $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-\frac{1}{2}})$ and simultaneously matches their state-of-the-art iteration complexity.
Transition from order to chaos, and density limit, in magnetized plasmas
Creators: name: Carati, A.
name: Zuin, M.
name: Maiocchi, A.
name: Marino, M.
name: Martines, E.
name: Galgani, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that a plasma in a magnetic field, conceived microscopically as a system of point charges, can exist in a magnetized state, and thus remain confined, inasmuch as it is in an ordered state of motion, with the charged particles performing gyrational motions transverse to the field. Here we give an estimate of a threshold, beyond which transverse motion become chaotic, the electrons being unable to perform even one gyration, so that a breakdown should occur, with complete loss of confinement. The estimate is obtained by the methods of perturbation theory, taking as perturbing force acting on each electron that due to the so--called microfield, i.e., the electric field produced by all the other charges. We first obtain a general relation for the threshold, which involves the fluctuations of the microfield. Then, taking for such fluctuations the fomula given by Iglesias, Lebowitz and MacGowan for the model of a one component plasma with neutralizing background, we obtain a definite formula for the threshold, which corresponds to a density limit increasing as the square of the imposed magnetic field. Such a theoretical density limit is found to fit pretty well the empirical data for collapses of fusion machines.
description: Improved version of paper arXiv:1112.1030 in cond-mat.stat-mech
Constraints on modified gravity from the BOSS galaxy survey
Creators: name: Piga, Lorenzo
name: Marinucci, Marco
name: D'Amico, Guido
name: Pietroni, Massimo
name: Vernizzi, Filippo
name: Wright, Bill S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a pipeline to set new constraints on scale-independent modified gravity, from the galaxy power spectrum in redshift space of BOSS DR12. The latter is modelled using the effective field theory of large-scale structure up to 1-loop order in perturbation theory. We test our pipeline on synthetic and simulated data, to assess systematic biases on the inferred cosmological parameters due to marginalization and theoretical errors, and we apply it to the normal branch of the DGP model with a $Λ$CDM background. When applied to synthetic data and cosmological simulations, we observe biased posteriors due to the strong degeneracy between the nDGP parameter $Ω_{\rm rc}$ and the primordial amplitude of fluctuations $A_s$. Fixing the latter to the Planck central value, we obtain a posterior distribution with $Ω_{\rm rc}\lesssim 0.65$ at 95$\%$ C.L., under the assumption of a flat prior on $\log_{10} Ω_{\rm rc}$. This upper bound, however, depends strongly on the prior on $Ω_{\rm rc}$. To alleviate this effect, we provide an upper bound based on the Bayes factor between the nDGP model and $Λ$CDM model, which gives $Ω_{\rm rc}\lesssim 0.2$ at 95$\%$ C.L..
description: 33 pages, 10 figures
Discussion of "Estimating Random Effects via Adjustment for Density Maximization" by C. Morris and R. Tang
Creators: name: Fuentes, Claudio
name: Casella, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discussion of "Estimating Random Effects via Adjustment for Density Maximization" by C. Morris and R. Tang [arXiv:1108.3234]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-STS349A the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Probing the scalar-pseudoscalar mixing in the 125 GeV Higgs particle with current data
Creators: name: Barroso, A.
name: Ferreira, P. M.
name: Santos, Rui
name: Silva, João P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LHC has found hints for a Higgs particle of 125 GeV. We investigate the possibility that such a particle is a mixture of scalar and pseudoscalar states. For definiteness, we concentrate on a two Higgs doublet model with explicit CP violation and soft Z2 violation. Including all Higgs production mechanisms, we determine the current constraints obtained by comparing h -> gamma gamma with h -> V V*, and comment on the information which can be gained by measurements of h -> b \bar{b}. We find bounds |s_2| < 0.83 at one sigma, where |s_2|=0 (|s_2|=1) corresponds to a pure scalar (pure pseudoscalar) state.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Book Review: Gambling: Who Wins? Who Loses?
Creators: name: McKay, Christine
name: Lesieur, Henry R.
Publisher: name: eCOMMUNITY: International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Gambling -- Psychological aspects
subject: Gambling -- Social aspects
subject: Gambling Literature

description: Copyright © Masood Zangeneh, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction
description: Gambling: Who Wins? Who Loses? is a thought-provoking collection of essays, written largely by international experts in the gambling field, that analyze the complex cultural, economic and social issues that have emerged as a result of the legalization and expansion of commercial gambling globally. Editor Gerda Reith, author of The Age of Chance: Gambling in Western Culture (2002), succeeds in her objective of stimulating informed debate. Reith presents a diverse range of topics and opinion that highlight historical and current trends in gambling activity from legal, political, economic, social, psychological and ethical perspectives. The book, which includes an introduction by Reith, is divided into seven sections: (a) current trends in commercial gaming; (b) social and economic benefits and costs; (c) law, crime and commercial regulation; (d) the "addiction" debate; (e) social trends, problem gambling, and the challenge to public policy; (f) psychological and environmental factors; and (g) ethical and philosophical issues. This accessible volume, like any good anthology, presents a multi-faceted picture of gambling activity without providing easy answers to the complex political and social issues that are raised. The articles found in Gambling: Who Wins? Who Loses? reflect contemporary thinking about the social and economic costs and benefits of gambling activity and will appeal to students, academics and professionals, as well as a more general readership, interested in the topics addressed by these authors.
The final parsec problem: aligning a binary with an external accretion disc
Creators: name: Nixon, Chris
name: King, Andrew
name: Pringle, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the interaction between a binary system (e.g. two supermassive black holes or two stars) and an external accretion disc with misaligned angular momentum. This situation occurs in galaxy merger events involving supermassive black holes, and in the formation of stellar--mass binaries in star clusters. We work out the gravitational torque between the binary and disc, and show that their angular momenta J_b, J_d stably counteralign if their initial orientation is sufficiently retrograde, specifically if the angle theta between them obeys cos(theta) < -J_d/2J_b, on a time short compared with the mass gain time of the central accretor(s). The magnitude J_b remains unchanged in this process. Counteralignment can promote the rapid merger of supermassive black hole binaries, and possibly the formation of coplanar but retrograde planets around stars in binary systems.
description: Accepted in MNRAS Letters. 4 pages, 1 figure
FLAIR #1: semantic segmentation and domain adaptation dataset
Creators: name: Garioud, Anatol
name: Peillet, Stéphane
name: Bookjans, Eva
name: Giordano, Sébastien
name: Wattrelos, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The French National Institute of Geographical and Forest Information (IGN) has the mission to document and measure land-cover on French territory and provides referential geographical datasets, including high-resolution aerial images and topographic maps. The monitoring of land-cover plays a crucial role in land management and planning initiatives, which can have significant socio-economic and environmental impact. Together with remote sensing technologies, artificial intelligence (IA) promises to become a powerful tool in determining land-cover and its evolution. IGN is currently exploring the potential of IA in the production of high-resolution land cover maps. Notably, deep learning methods are employed to obtain a semantic segmentation of aerial images. However, territories as large as France imply heterogeneous contexts: variations in landscapes and image acquisition make it challenging to provide uniform, reliable and accurate results across all of France. The FLAIR-one dataset presented is part of the dataset currently used at IGN to establish the French national reference land cover map "Occupation du sol à grande échelle" (OCS- GE).
description: Data access update
Controlling single rare earth ion emission in an electro-optical nanocavity
Creators: name: Yang, Likai
name: Wang, Sihao
name: Shen, Mohan
name: Xie, Jiacheng
name: Tang, Hong X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare earth emitters enable critical quantum resources including spin qubits, single photon sources, and quantum memories. Yet, probing of single ions remains challenging due to low emission rate of their intra-4f optical transitions. One feasible approach is through Purcell enhanced emission in optical cavities. The ability to modulate cavity-ion coupling in real time will further elevate the capacity of such systems. Here, we demonstrate direct control of single ion emission by embedding erbium dopants in an electro-optically active photonic crystal cavity patterned from thin-film lithium niobate. Purcell factor over 170 enables single ion detection, which is verified by second-order autocorrelation measurement. Dynamic control of emission rate is realized by leveraging electro-optic tuning of resonance frequency. Using this feature, storage and retrieval of single ion excitation is further demonstrated, without perturbing the emission characteristics. These results promise new opportunities for controllable single photon sources and efficient spin-photon interfaces.
The anticancer and EGFR-TK/CDK-9 dual inhibitory potentials of new synthetic pyranopyrazole and pyrazolone derivatives: X-ray crystallography, in vitro, and in silico mechanistic investigations
Creators: name: Musa, Arafa
name: Ihmaid, Saleh K.
name: Hughes, David L.
name: Said, Musa A.
name: Abulkhair, Hamada S.
name: El-Ghorab, Ahmed H.
name: Abdelgawad, Mohamed A.
name: Shalaby, Khaled
name: Shaker, Mohamed E.
name: Alharbi, Khalid Saad
name: Alotaibi, Nasser Hadal
name: Kays, Deborah L.
name: Taylor, Laurence J.
name: Parambi, Della Grace Thomas
name: Alzarea, Sami I.
name: Al-Karmalawy, Ahmed A.
name: Ahmed, Hany E. A.
name: El-Agrody, Ahmed M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Treatment options for the management of breast cancer are still inadequate. This inadequacy is attributed to the lack of effective targeted medications, often resulting in the recurrence of metastatic disorders. Cumulative evidence suggests that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TK) and cyclin-dependent kinases-9 (CDK-9) overexpression correlates with worse overall survival in breast cancer patients. Pyranopyrazole and pyrazolone are privileged options for the development of anticancer agents. Inspired by this proven scientific fact, we report here the synthesis of two new series of suggested anticancer molecules incorporating both heterocycles together with their characterization by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 13C NMR-DEPT, and X-ray diffraction methods. An attempt to get the pyranopyrazole-gold complexes was conducted but unexpectedly yielded benzylidene-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one instead. This unexpected result was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. All newly synthesized compounds were assessed for their anti-proliferative activity against two different human breast cancer cells, and the obtained results were compared with the reference drug Staurosporine. The target compounds revealed variable cytotoxicity with IC50 at a low micromolar range with superior selectivity indices. Target enzyme EGFR-TK and CDK-9 assays showed that compounds 22 and 23 effectively inhibited both biological targets with IC50 values of 0.143 and 0.121 µM, respectively. Molecular docking experiments and molecular dynamics simulation were also conducted to further rationalize the in vitro obtained results. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Optimization of the Radiation Hardness of Silicon Pixel Sensors for High X-ray Doses using TCAD Simulations
Creators: name: Schwandt, J.
name: Fretwurst, E.
name: Klanner, R.
name: Pintilie, I.
name: Zhang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) will deliver 27000 fully coherent, high brilliance X-ray pulses per second each with a duration below 100 fs. This will allow the recording of diffraction patterns of single molecules and the study of ultra-fast processes. One of the detector systems under development for the XFEL is the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD), which consists of a pixel array with readout ASICs bump-bonded to a silicon sensor with pixels of 200 μm \times 200 μm. The particular requirements for the detector are a high dynamic range (0, 1 up to 10E5 12 keV photons/XFEL-pulse), a fast read-out and radiation tolerance up to doses of 1 GGy of 12 keV X-rays for 3 years of operation. At this X-ray energy no bulk damage in silicon is expected. However fixed oxide charges in the SiO2 layer and interface traps at the Si-SiO2 interface will build up. As function of the 12 keV X-ray dose the microscopic defects in test structures and the macro- scopic electrical properties of segmented sensors have been investigated. From the test structures the oxide charge density, the density of interface traps and their properties as function of dose have been determined. It is found that both saturate (and even decrease) for doses above a few MGy. For segmented sensors surface damage introduced by the X-rays increases the full depletion voltage, the surface leakage current and the inter-pixel capacitance. In addition an electron accumulation layer forms at the Si-SiO2 interface which increases with dose and decreases with applied voltage. Using TCAD simulations with the dose dependent damage parameters obtained from the test struc- tures the results of the measurements can be reproduced. This allows the optimization of the sensor design for the XFEL requirements.
Why and When to Expect Gaussian Error Distributions in Epoch of Reionization 21-cm Power Spectrum Measurements
Creators: name: Wilensky, Michael J.
name: Brown, Jordan
name: Hazelton, Bryna J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore error distributions in Epoch of Reionization 21-cm power spectrum estimators using a combination of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations. We provide closed form solutions for the error distributions of individual bins in 3d-power spectra for two estimators currently in use in the field, which we designate as ``straight-square" and ``cross-multiply" estimators. We then demonstrate when the corresponding spherically binned power spectra should (and should not) have Gaussian error distributions, which requires appealing to nonstandard statements of the central limit theorem. This has important implications for how upper limits are reported, as well as how cosmological inferences are performed based on power spectrum measurements. Specifically, assuming a Gaussian error distribution can over or underestimate the upper limit depending on the type of estimator, and produces overly compact likelihood functions for the power spectrum.
description: Revisions from peer review
Energetics of hydrogen/lithium complexes in silicon analyzed using the Maxwell construction
Creators: name: Morris, Andrew J.
name: Grey, C. P.
name: Needs, R. J.
name: Pickard, Chris J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied hydrogen/lithium complexes in crystalline silicon using density-functional-theory methods and the ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) method for predicting structures. A method based on the Maxwell construction and convex hull diagrams is introduced which gives a graphical representation of the relative stabilities of point defects in a crystal and enables visualization of the changes in stability when the chemical potentials are altered. We have used this approach to study lithium and hydrogen impurities in silicon, which models aspects of the anode material in the recently-suggested lithium-ion batteries. We show that hydrogen may play a role in these anodes, finding that hydrogen atoms bind to three-atom lithium clusters in silicon, forming stable {H,3Li} and {2H,3Li} complexes, while the {H,2Li} complex is almost stable.
description: (5 pages, 4 figures)
Quantitative field constraints on the dynamics of silicic magma chamber rejuvenation and overturn
Creators: name: Bain, Amelia Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A number of recent papers by Bachmann and co-authors investigate a hypothesis that the catastrophic eruption of large-volume, crystal-rich silicic magmas is a consequence of reheating (so-called rejuvenation) and overturn of partially molten, buoyant silicic material by repeated injection of dense, hot mafic magma. In support of this model, we analyse an extensive suite of kinematic indicators for the buoyant overturn of silicic crystal mush layers of the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province, apparently in response to the injection and cooling of hot, dense mafic magmas. We use spectral analysis, microtextural analysis and scaling theory to identify, characterise and understand the length-scales of deformation along sharp interfaces separating mafic and silicic intrusive layers, from the scale of individual crystals (~1 cm) to in excess of the mafic layer thickness (>100 m). Deformations at the largest scale lengths are comparable to the silicic layer thickness, consistent with Rayleigh-Taylor theory, and support a conjecture that mafic recharge can cause large-scale overturning of silicic magma chambers. By contrast, deformations at the scale of crystals probably record buoyancy effects related to melt percolation and intermediate scales are explained by compaction. The evolution of rejuvenation is investigated and a condition for large-scale overturn of the chamber is proposed. This work provides the first field-based confirmation of the rejuvenation-overturn hypothesis. Additional laboratory experiments addressing the overturn of a particle-rich buoyant fluid layer overlain by a denser fluid layer are outlined in Appendix C.
Dynamical Backaction Evading Magnomechanics
Creators: name: Potts, C. A.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Bittencourt, V. A. S. V
name: Kusminskiy, S. Viola
name: Davis, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between magnons and mechanical vibrations dynamically modify the properties of the mechanical oscillator, such as its frequency and decay rate. Known as dynamical backaction, this effect is the basis for many theoretical protocols, such as entanglement generation or mechanical ground-state cooling. However, dynamical backaction is also detrimental for specific applications. Here, we demonstrate the implementation of a cavity magnomechanical measurement that fully evades dynamical backaction effects. Through careful engineering, the magnomechanical scattering rate into the hybrid magnon-photon modes can be precisely matched, eliminating dynamical backaction damping. Backaction evasion is confirmed via the measurement of a drive-power-independent mechanical linewidth.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Synthesis, characterization, molecular dynamic simulation, and biological assessment of cinnamates linked to imidazole/benzimidazole as a CYP51 inhibitor
Creators: name: Zala, Ajayrajsinh R.
name: Rajani, Dhanji P.
name: Ahmad, Iqrar
name: Patel, Harun
name: Kumari, Premlata
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: A class of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethyl cinnamates 6a-6j and 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethyl cinnamates 7a-7j were synthesized, and their synthesis was validated using various spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry. In addition, the compounds were assessed for in-vitro antibacterial against gram-positive and gram-negative strains and in-vitro antifungal against six different fungal strains. Compounds 6 g, 7 b, 7f, and 7 g exhibited significant activity against all bacterial strains ranging from MIC = 12.5-50 µg/mL, and compounds 6 g, 7 b, and 7 g exhibited considerable activity against all fungal strains ranging from MFC = 125-200 µg/mL. A molecular docking study indicated that compounds 6 g, 7 b, 7 g, and 7j could be lodged in the active pocket and inhibit C. albicans Sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) protein via various interactions, and these studies validate the antifungal results. Different parameters from the 100 ns MD simulation study are investigated to evaluate the dynamic stability of protein-ligand complexes. According to the MD simulation study, the proposed compounds effectively kept their molecular interaction and structural integrity within the C. albicans Sterol 14-demethylase. Compounds 6 g, 7 b, and 7 g are promising lead compounds in searching for novel antifungal drug-like molecules. Furthermore, in silico ADME indicates that these compounds possess drug-like physicochemical properties to be orally bioavailable. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Completing the Fifth PN Precision Frontier via the EFT of Spinning Gravitating Objects
Creators: name: Levi, Michèle
name: Yin, Zhewei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward a broader picture of the effective theory of a spinning particle within the EFT of spinning gravitating objects, through which we derive and establish the new precision frontier at the fifth PN (5PN) order. This frontier includes higher-spin sectors, quadratic and quartic in the spin, which both display novel physical features, due to the extension of the effective theory beyond linear order in the curvature. The quadratic-in-spin sectors give rise to a new tidal effect, and the quartic-in-spin sectors exhibit a new multipolar deformation. We then generalize the concept of tidal operators and of spin-induced multipolar operators, and make conjectures on the numerical values of their Wilson coefficients, and on the effective point-particle action of Kerr black holes. We confirm the generalized actions for generic compact binaries of the NLO quartic-in-spin sectors which were derived via the extension of the EFT of gravitating spinning objects. We first present the corresponding interaction potentials and general Hamiltonians, which consist of 12 distinct sectors, with a new one due to the new multipolar deformation. These Hamiltonians give the full physical information on the binary system, which mostly gets lost in higher-spin sectors, when going to the aligned-spins configuration. Moreover these general Hamiltonians uniquely allow us to find the complete Poincaré algebra at the 5PN order with spins, including the third subleading quadratic-in-spin sectors. We derive consequent observables for GW applications. Finally, to make contact with the scattering problem, we also derive the extrapolated scattering angles for aligned spins. Our completion of the Poincaré algebra provides the strongest validation of our most comprehensive new results, and thus that the 5PN order has now been established as the new precision frontier.
description: 55 pp, published
Resolving M-Dwarf Binaries In Young Moving Groups With Magellan Adaptive Optics
Creators: name: Shan, Yutong
name: Yee, Jennifer
name: Bowler, Brendan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Binary Stars
Young Moving Groups
M dwarfs
Stellar Multiplicity

description: YMGs are benchmarks for the transition of stellar populations from their birth clusters to the field. We present data and analysis from our Magellan Adaptive Optics (MagAO) campaign to image more than 100 M-dwarf members of several YMGs in the southern sky, revealing ~30 previously unresolved visual stellar companions at separations of ~3 — 500 AU. Our study provides multiplicity statistics for young M-dwarfs in this intermediate regime of orbital distance. We combine our results with the SACY survey (Elliott et al. 2015), whose focus is on YMG systems with earlier type primaries, to provide an updated measurement of multiplicity as a function of stellar mass with significantly more statistical power at lower masses. Additionally, the tighter systems in our sample provide the opportunity for future monitoring and dynamical mass inference.
Transitions and Stability of Problem Gambling Behaviours
Creators: name: Wiebe, Jamie
name: Maitland, Scott B.
name: Hodgins, David
name: Davey, Adam
name: Gottlieb, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Addictions Foundation of Manitoba
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Gambling -- Manitoba
subject: Compulsive gambling -- Manitoba
subject: Compulsive gamblers -- Manitoba
subject: Gambling Literature

description: Researchers around the world have examined the correlates and consequences of problem gambling but few studies have addressed the issue longitudinally. Recent reviews of longitudinal research (e.g., El-Guebaly et al, 2006; LaPlante, Nelson, LaBrie et al. 2008; Slutske, 2007) generally do not support the conventional view that problem gambling is an enduring condition. Although problem gambling population prevalence rates remain relatively steady over time, problem gambling is far less stable at an individual level, but instead, transitory and episodic (Slutske, Jackson & Sher, 2003). To date, little is known about transitions in gambling behaviours, and the factors associated with transitions over time. There is an abundance of cross sectional research, however, that may provide some insight into these factors. The literature indicates that factors such as co-morbidity, gambling-related cognitions and social networks are important considerations in understanding problem gambling. However, since the research is generally weighted towards studies of a cross-sectional design that only look at the associations at one point in time; we have a limited understanding of the role of these factors over time. Time is particularly important given that problem gambling is a dynamic and transient process. The longitudinal nature of the current study provides the opportunity to examine varied trajectories of problem gambling in relation to these factors to understand the determinants or temporal ordering of these changes and to identify ways to better understand and assist those who are having gambling problems. This one year study with multiple data collection points makes a significant contribution to the field by examining the dynamic nature of gambling across multiple measurement points to capture important transitions and changes in gambling and the critical antecedent conditions to explain transitions and stability in gambling over time. Lastly, given the generally low use of treatment among those with problems, the study seeks to better understand why people seek help for problem gambling by examining people’s perceptions and experiences with problem gambling assistance and their help-seeking behaviour.
Constraining dark matter decays with cosmic microwave background and weak lensing shear observations
Creators: name: Bucko, Jozef
name: Giri, Sambit K.
name: Schneider, Aurel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From observations at low and high redshifts, it is well known that the bulk of dark matter (DM) has to be stable or at least very long-lived. However, the possibility that a small fraction of DM is unstable or that all DM decays with a half-life time ($τ$) significantly longer than the age of the Universe is not ruled out. One-body decaying dark matter (DDM) consists of a minimal extension to the $Λ$CDM model. It causes a modification of the cosmic growth history as well as a suppression of the small-scale clustering signal, providing interesting consequences regarding the $S_8$ tension, which is the observed difference in the clustering amplitude between weak-lensing (WL) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations. In this paper, we investigate models in which a fraction or all DM decays into radiation, focusing on the long-lived regime, that is, $τ\gtrsim H_0^{-1}$ ( $H_0^{-1}$ being the Hubble time). We used WL data from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and CMB data from Planck. First, we confirm that this DDM model cannot alleviate the $S_8$ difference. We then show that the most constraining power for DM decay does not come from the nonlinear WL data, but from CMB via the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. From the CMB data alone, we obtain constraints of $τ\geq 288$~Gyr if all DM is assumed to be unstable, and we show that a maximum fraction of $f=0.07$ is allowed to decay assuming the half-life time to be comparable to (or shorter than) one Hubble time. The constraints from the KiDS-1000 WL data are significantly weaker, $τ\geq 60$~Gyr and $f<0.34$. Combining the CMB and WL data does not yield tighter constraints than the CMB alone, except for short half-life times, for which the maximum allowed fraction becomes $f=0.03$. All limits are provided at the 95% confidence level.
Congruity of the Crab pulsar's gamma-ray spectrum with the spectral distribution of tightly focused caustics
Creators: name: Ardavan, Houshang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum derived here for the most tightly-focused component of the radiation generated by the superluminally moving current sheet in the magnetrosphere of a non-aligned neutron star has a distribution function that fits the entire gamma-ray spectrum of the Crab pulsar on its own. This is the first time that the undivided breadth of this spectrum, from 10^2 to 10^6 MeV, is not only described by a single distribution function but is also explained by means of a single emission mechanism. To illustrate that the derived function describes the spectral distribution of the high-energy emission from any non-aligned neutron star, we analyse, in addition, the spectra of two other gamma-ray pulsars for which sufficiently large datasets are available: PSR J0101-6422 and PSR J1709-4429. From the connection between the parameters of the fitted spectra and the physical characteristics of their sources, we moreover infer certain attributes of the magnetospheres of the analysed pulsars: the angle between the magnetic and spin axes of their central neutron stars, the scale factor of the electric current density that is associated with their current sheet, and the privileged latitudinal direction (relative to the spin axis) in which they are observed.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2206.02729
Decoherence in Crystals of Quantum Molecular Magnets
Creators: name: Takahashi, S.
name: Tupitsyn, I. S.
name: van Tol, J.
name: Beedle, C. C.
name: Hendrickson, D. N.
name: Stamp, P. C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decoherence in Nature has become one of the most pressing problems in physics. Many applications, including quantum information processing, depend on understanding it; and fundamental theories going beyond quantum mechanics have been suggested [1-3], where the breakdown of quantum theory appears as an 'intrinsic decoherence', mimicking environmental decoherence [4]. Such theories cannot be tested until we have a handle on ordinary environmental decoherence processes. Here we show that the theory for insulating electronic spin systems can make accurate predictions for environmental decoherence in molecular-based quantum magnets [5]. Experimental understanding of decoherence in molecular magnets has been limited by short decoherence times, which make coherent spin manipulation extremely difficult [6-9]. Here we reduce the decoherence by applying a strong magnetic field. The theory predicts the contributions to the decoherence from phonons, nuclear spins, and intermolecular dipolar interactions, for a single crystal of the Fe8 molecular magnet. In experiments we find that the decoherence time varies strongly as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The theoretical predictions are fully verified experimentally - there are no other visible decoherence sources. Our investigation suggests that the decoherence time is ultimately limited by nuclear spins, and can be extended up to about 500 microseconds, by optimizing the temperature, magnetic field, and nuclear isotopic concentrations.
description: Submitted version including 11 pages, 3 figures and online supporting materials. Appeared on Nature Advance Online Publication (AOP) on July 20th, 2011. (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10314.html)