cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A decision framework to assess urban fire vulnerability in cities of developing nations: empirical evidence from Mumbai
Creators: name: Kumar, Vaibhav
name: Jana, Arnab
name: Ramamritham, Krithi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The article aims to analyze the various causes and relationships of fire with the urban pattern. Various spatial analytics and geostatistical techniques are applied to reveal spatiotemporal variations in the datasets. The novel machine learning framework models important variables identified by random forest technique as predictors to develop GWR models. The framework is applied to establish the relationship between fire vulnerability and urban patterns for two periods (day and night) for the southern region of Mumbai city. We found that the urban pattern has a strong relationship with fire vulnerability, especially during the day time. High R-square values of 0.9086 and 0.7448 are achieved for the day and night periods, respectively. Further, significant differences in the influence of the predictors is observed during the periods. As cities are becoming more prone to fire, this study has the potential to help decision-makers with proactive measures over time and space.
Electromagnetic wave refraction at an interface of a double wire medium
Creators: name: Nefedov, Igor S.
name: Viitanen, Ari J.
name: Tretyakov, Sergei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plane-wave reflection and refraction at an interface with a double wire medium is considered. The problem of additional boundary conditions (ABC) in application to wire media is discussed and an ABC-free approach, known in the solid state physics, is used. Expressions for the fields and Poynting vectors of the refracted waves are derived. Directions and values of the power density flow of the refracted waves are found and the conservation of the power flow through the interface is checked. The difference between the results, given by the conventional model of wire media and the model, properly taking into account spatial dispersion, is discussed.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Source–Specific Demand Elasticities for Dates in International Trade
Creators: name: Dawood, Ali
name: Kinnucan, Henry
name: Dawood, Ali
name: Kinnucan, Henry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: dates demand
subject: elasticity
subject: dates

description: Dates are indispensable goods for people living in arid areas because of their nutritional value for the communities residing there. Market shares for date crops growing in the Middle East and North Africa are considerable. There are a big number of articles that estimate different kinds of elasticities for various types of goods produced in the Middle East and North Africa, but very few articles mention the estimation of demand elasticities of the most important agricultural commodities such as dates in these regions. In this article, a Rotterdam model is applied for world demand for dates with a particular focus on Iraq. Major exporters of dates are used with time-series data (1961-2013). The results show that date exports have become less price elastic. For instance, point estimates range from smallest to largest price effects, -0.31 for ROW to 0.03 for Iran. The own-price elasticities indicate that world demand of date is particularly sensitive to Tunisia date price (-0.99), also the world demand is sensitive in lower degrees to the rest of countries. The marginal budget share indicates Iraq has relatively a large marginal share, which is to be expected since it is, the largest supplier of date to the world, but significantly smaller for the rest of the countries. Moreover, the results shows that estimate income elasticities are positive, so date is a normal good. The expenditure elasticities suggests that there is a degree of expenditure proportionality (almost homothetic preferences) in the world demand of date, which indicates that the average budget share for each source may not vary with the level of total expenditures.
Green Labs - Energy Conservation and Management Techniques for Laboratories
Creators: name: Antony, Abin
name: Kapoor, Shruti
name: Singh, Mankaran
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Quantum Logic Operations Using Single Photons and the Zeno Effect
Creators: name: Franson, J. D.
name: Jacobs, B. C.
name: Pittman, T. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the quantum Zeno effect can be used to implement several quantum logic gates for photonic qubits, including a gate that is similar to the square-root of SWAP operation. The operation of these devices depends on the fact that photons can behave as if they were non-interacting fermions instead of bosons in the presence of a strong Zeno effect. These results are discussed within the context of several no-go theorems for non-interacting fermions or bosons.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Neutral Hydrogen in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Koribalski, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here I briefly highlight our studies of the gas content, kinematics and star formation in nearby dwarf galaxies (D < 10 Mpc) based on the `Local Volume HI Survey' (LVHIS, Koribalski et al. 2018), which was conducted with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The LVHIS sample consists of nearly 100 galaxies, including new discoveries, spanning a large diversity in size, shape, mass and degree of peculiarity. The hydrogen properties of dwarf galaxies in two nearby groups, Sculptor and CenA / M83, are analysed and compared with many rather isolated dwarf galaxies. Around 10% of LVHIS galaxies are transitional or mixed-type dwarf galaxies (dIrr/dSph), the formation of which is explored. - I also provide a brief update on WALLABY Early Science, where we focus on studying the HI properties of galaxies as a function of environment. WALLABY (Dec < +30 degr, z < 0.26) is conducted with the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP), a 6-km diameter array of 36 x 12-m dishes, each equipped with wide-field (30 sq degr) Chequerboard Phased Array Feeds.
description: Published in IAU Symposium No. 344 "Dwarf Galaxies: From the Deep Universe to the Present" proceedings, 2019, eds. K. B. W. McQuinn & S. Stierwalt (4 pages, 2 figures)
Impact of SNAP and WIC Program Participation on Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables
Creators: name: Sitienei, Isaac
name: Dey, Madan
name: Sudbrink, Don
name: Sitienei, Isaac
name: Dey, Madan
name: Sudbrink, Don
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: SNAP, WIC, Fruits and Vegetables

description: Using data files made available to the public by USDA’s Economic Research Service, we determine factors that influence participation in SNAP and WIC programs and the impact of program participation on consumption of fruits and vegetables. Food security situation of households was determined using responses to nine survey questions on conditions and behaviors adopted by households to cope with food shortage problems at any time during the study period (last 12 months from interview date). Results from logit and Poisson regressions indicate that male-headed households are less likely to participate in SNAP than female-headed households. Both age and household size increase the probability of participating in SNAP. On the other hand, total household income decrease the likelihood of participation.
Directional Compliance in Obstacle-Aided Navigation for Snake Robots
Creators: name: Wang, Tianyu
name: Whitman, Julian
name: Travers, Matthew
name: Choset, Howie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Snake robots have the potential to maneuver through tightly packed and complex environments. One challenge in enabling them to do so is the complexity in determining how to coordinate their many degrees-of-freedom to create purposeful motion. This is especially true in the types of terrains considered in this work: environments full of unmodeled features that even the best of maps would not capture, motivating us to develop closed-loop controls to react to those features. To accomplish this, this work uses proprioceptive sensing, mainly the force information measured by the snake robot's joints, to react to unmodeled terrain. We introduce a biologically-inspired strategy called directional compliance which modulates the effective stiffness of the robot so that it conforms to the terrain in some directions and resists in others. We present a dynamical system that switches between modes of locomotion to handle situations in which the robot gets wedged or stuck. This approach enables the snake robot to reliably traverse a planar peg array and an outdoor three-dimensional pile of rocks.
description: Manuscript accepted for publication in Proceedings of the 2020 American control conference, ACC
The Cosmological parameter: constant or dynamical
Creators: name: Beesham, Aroonkumar
name: Tiwari, Rakesh Kumar
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 20106 High Energy Astrophysics; Cosmic Rays
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After providing a brief history of the cosmological constant, some early cosmological models are discussed. The most popular current cosmological model is the ΛCDM model, but there are several problems associated with this model, e.g., the cosmological constant problem and fine tuning. The idea of a dynamical cosmological parameter (Λ) is then introduced, which appears to fit observations better, and which can solve many problems associated with a constant Λ. The relationship between a variable Λ and bulk viscosity is then elucidated. It is then shown that some versions of f(R, T) theory can be regarded as equivalent to general relativity with a variable Λ. Some Chaplygin gas cosmological models can also be re-cast as variable Λ models.
Competition between the BCS superconductivity and ferromagnetic spin fluctuations in MgCNi$_3$
Creators: name: Shan, L.
name: Liu, Z. Y.
name: Ren, Z. A.
name: Che, G. C.
name: Wen, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low temperature specific heat of the superconductor MgCNi$_3$ and a non-superconductor MgC$_{0.85}$Ni$_3$ is investigated in detail. An additional contribution is observed from the data of MgCNi$_3$ but absent in MgC$_{0.85}$Ni$_3$, which is demonstrated to be insensitive to the applied magnetic field even up to 12 Tesla. A detailed discussion on its origin is then presented. By subtracting this additional contribution, the zero field specific heat of MgCNi$_3$ can be well described by the BCS theory with the gap ratio ($Δ/k_BT_c$) determined by the previous tunneling measurements. The conventional s-wave pairing state is further proved by the magnetic field dependence of the specific heat at low temperatures and the behavior of the upper critical field.
description: To appear in Physical Review B, 6 pages, 7 figures
Cooperative Interactions Govern the Fermiology of the Polar Metal Ca$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Puggioni, D.
name: Horio, M.
name: Chang, J.
name: Rondinelli, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The antiferromagnetic Ruddlesden-Popper ruthenate Ca$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$ is a model polar metal, combining inversion symmetry breaking with metallic conductivity; however, its low temperature ($T < 48$ K) crystal structure and Fermi surface topology remain ambiguous despite numerous measurements and theoretical studies. Here we perform both first principles calculations with static correlations and angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiments to construct a complete model of Ca$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$, reconciling inconsistencies among interpretations of electrical transport, thermopower measurements, and momentum- and energy-resolved band dispersions. The solution relies on treating the interplay among Coulomb repulsion, magnetic ordering, spin-orbit interactions, and the RuO$_6$ octahedral degrees-of-freedom on equal footing. For temperatures $30
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
title: Identification of Biomolecular Pathways Associated With the Central Nervous System Based Symptoms of Gulf War Illness
Creators: name: Abdullah, Laila
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: The clinical profile of GWI is characterized by the presence the central nervous systems (CNS) symptoms which include memory impairment, anxiety, widespread pain and motor problems. Now, even twenty years later, veterans with GWI continue to suffer from these persistent symptoms. Currently, there is no treatment available for treating GWI, which is largely due to the complexity of the clinical presentation of this illness and the heterogeneity of GW exposures. The main goals of this thesis were to develop and characterize GW agent exposure mouse models that recapitulate the CNS symptoms of GWI and to identify the underlying aberrant biological pathways. Three major objectives were undertaken to accomplish these goals: (1) Two mouse models of GW-agent exposure were developed using combination of the anti-nerve gas treatment pyridostigmine bromide (PB), pesticides (permethrin), an insect repellent (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) and stress. Neurobehavioral studies show that combined exposure to GW agents produced anxiety and sensorimotor deficits in one mouse model and anxiety and cognitive impairment in the other. Neuropathological studies showed a presence of astrogliosis in both models. (2) Exploratory proteomic studies suggested that lipid-metabolism and immune/inflammation were associated with GW-agent exposure. (3) As lipid dysfunction is upstream of the inflammatory pathways, a lipidomics approach was used to identify the GW-agent exposure dependent lipid profiles. Lipid profiles of mouse models of GW-agent exposure were compared with those of other neurological conditions to identify profiles that were unique to GW-agent exposure. Lipid profiles were interrogated to identify lipid-metabolism pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. Studies described in this thesis provide novel insight into the pathobiology of GWI and suggest that pathways involved in phosphatidylcholine metabolism might be of therapeutic value in treating the CNS symptoms of GWI.
Spatial stochastic model for predicting soil organic matter using remote sensing data
Creators: name: Mallick, Javed
name: Ahmed, Mohd
name: Alqadhi, Saeed Dhafer
name: Falqi, Ibrahim I.
name: Parayangat, Muneer
name: Singh, Chander Kumar
name: Rahman, Atiqur
name: Ijyas, Thafasal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Accurate soil organic matter (SOM) estimation could provide critical information to understand soil organic carbon sequestration, soil fertility, and the global carbon cycle. A nearest-neighbourhood autoregressive moving average (NN-ARMA) modelling technique along with linear regression has been used to predict localized soil SOM variation based on topographical characteristics and vegetation indices in semi-arid region of Saudi Arabia. Seven topographic variables derived using DEM, and twelve vegetation indices obtained from Landsat 8 used in the model. The best NN-ARMA model showed seven significant variables explaining 96.4% of the total variation of SOM, whereas the best linear regression model could explain 78.8% of the total variation of SOM. The results showed that NN-ARMA model gave better results compared to the linear regression model. Our research gave a better understanding of the possibility of accurate estimation of SOM using the NN-ARMA approach using topographical characteristics and vegetation indices easily acquired by RS sensors.
Test of the Wiedemann-Franz law in an optimally-doped cuprate
Creators: name: Bel, Romain
name: Behnia, Kamran
name: Proust, Cyril
name: van der Linden, Peter
name: Maude, Duncan
name: Vedeneev, Sergey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of heat and charge transport in Bi$_{2+x}$Sr$_{2-x}$CuO$_{6+δ}$ focused on the size of the low-temperature linear term of the thermal conductivity at optimal doping level. In the superconducting state, the magnitude of this term implies a d-wave gap with an amplitude close to what has been reported. In the normal state, recovered by the application of a magnetic field, measurement of this term and residual resistivity yields a Lorenz number $L = κ_{N}ρ_{0}/T = 1.3 \pm 0.2 L_{0}$. The departure from the value expected by the Wiedemann-Franz law is thus slightly larger than our estimated experimental resolution.
description: Final published version
The Stochastic Specification of Demand Share Equations Restricting Budget Shares to the Unit Simplex
Creators: name: Fry, Jane M.
name: Fry, Tim R. L.
name: McLaren, Keith R.
name: Fry, Jane M.
name: Fry, Tim R. L.
name: McLaren, Keith R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: stochastic
subject: demand share
subject: simplex
subject: additive logistic normal
subject: Dirichlet distribution
subject: multivariate normality

description: The traditional approach to estimating systems of share equations is to append a multivariate normal stochastic component to the deterministic component. The aggregation restrictions are then exploited to delete one equation and estimation is then carried out by maximum likelihood. Such an approach does not exploit the aggregation restrictions to their full extent, as there remains a non-zero probability of shares being negative or greater than unity. In this paper -we take an approach, compositional data analysis, and a distribution familiar to statisticians, the additive logistic normal, and apply them to the estimation of a system of demand share equations. The results of this new approach are then compared to those of the traditional approach.
Molecular spintronics: Coherent spin transfer in coupled quantum dots
Creators: name: Meier, Florian
name: Cerletti, Veronica
name: Gywat, Oliver
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Awschalom, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-resolved Faraday rotation has recently demonstrated coherent transfer of electron spin between quantum dots coupled by conjugated molecules. Using a transfer Hamiltonian ansatz for the coupled quantum dots, we calculate the Faraday rotation signal as a function of the probe frequency in a pump-probe setup using neutral quantum dots. Additionally, we study the signal of one spin-polarized excess electron in the coupled dots. We show that, in both cases, the Faraday rotation angle is determined by the spin transfer probabilities and the Heisenberg spin exchange energy. By comparison of our results with experimental data, we find that the transfer matrix element for electrons in the conduction band is of order 0.08 eV and the spin transfer probabilities are of order 10%.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; minor changes
A decision framework to access urban fire vulnerability in cities of developing nations: empirical evidence from Mumbai
Creators: name: Kumar, Vaibhav
name: Jana, Arnab
name: Ramamritham, Krithi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The article aims to analyze the various causes and relationships of fire with the urban pattern. Various spatial analytics and geostatistical techniques are applied to reveal spatiotemporal variations in the datasets. The novel machine learning framework models important variables identified by random forest technique as predictors to develop GWR models. The framework is applied to establish the relationship between fire vulnerability and urban patterns for two periods (day and night) for the southern region of Mumbai city. We found that the urban pattern has a strong relationship with fire vulnerability, especially during the day time. High R-square values of 0.9086 and 0.7448 are achieved for the day and night periods, respectively. Further, significant differences in the influence of the predictors is observed during the periods. As cities are becoming more prone to fire, this study has the potential to help decision-makers with proactive measures over time and space.
Modeling the Victorian Road Toll
Creators: name: Fry, Tim R. L.
name: Fry, Tim R. L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Public Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In 1990, the Victorian.road toll decreased 297. from the previous year to 548 fatalities at a time when the State's economy was (and still is) experiencing one of its worst recessions in history. With more government agencies assuming significant roles in the management of road safety in Victoria and investing greater amounts of resources to foster a safer road environment for its many users, it is timely and pertinent to investigate the impact of the various contributing factors on the road toll. In particular, 'what impact have the economic recession and the various road safety measures, such .as speed cameras, had?' This paper reports the result's of modelling movements in the Victorian road toll for particular road user groups and in total using both linear and Poisson regression models.
Physical Limits of the ballistic and non-ballistic Spin-Field-Effect Transistor: Spin Dynamics in Remote Doped Structures
Creators: name: Sherman, E. Ya.
name: Sinova, Jairo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spin dynamics and relaxation in remotely-doped two dimensional electron systems where the dopants lead to random fluctuations of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Due to the resulting random spin precession, the spin relaxation time is limited by the strength and spatial scale of the random contribution to the spin-orbit coupling. We concentrate on the role of the randomness for two systems where the direction of the spin-orbit field does not depend on the electron momentum: the spin field-effect transistor with balanced Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings and the (011) quantum well. Both of these systems are considered as promising for the spintronics applications because of the suppression of the Dyakonov-Perel' mechanism there makes the realization of a spin field effect transistor in the diffusive regime possible. We demonstrate that the spin relaxation through the randomness of spin-orbit coupling imposes important physical limitations on the operational properties of these devices.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
title: The Emerging Role of p38 Alpha in Cancer Specific Metabolism and Therapy: Analysis of Autophagic and Apoptotic Pathways in Response to Its Inhibition
Creators: name: Matrone, Antonio
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2013

description: Cancer is one of the leading cause of death in the world. Since tumorigenesis was described as a multistep mechanism in 1958 by Foulds, important progresses are obtained in the research field. Through these years many altered mechanisms were discovered revealing a very intricate picture of this disease. Mutations, epigenetic changes, aneuploidy imply severe modifications in naive cellular pathways involved in every feature of cell life. p38 MAPK is a family of kinases composed by four isoforms: alpha, beta, delta and gamma. These kinases are involved in several important cellular pathways, from the differentiation of muscle cells to inflammation and also in cancer progression. The pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of p38 alpha in colorectal cancer cells induced cell cycle arrest, autophagy and then cell death with autophagic features. My PhD project is focused on the understanding the role of p38 alpha in the autophagic activation in colorectal cancer cell lines, finding that its inhibition induced the decrease of HIF-1 alpha protein levels and its glycolytic transcriptional program. Moreover, p38 alpha inhibition trigger the activation of FoxO3A-dependent transcription, which is related to cell cycle arrest, autopahgy and cell death. We checked for other HIF-1 alpha-dependent tumors which shown also overactivation of p38 alpha, such as ovarian cancer and prostate cancer. In these kind of tumors we obtained the same encouraging results. However, in the DU 145 prostate cancer cell line, the inhibition of p38 alpha failed to activate autophagic pathway due to the lack of LKB1 kinase, which is the upstream activator of AMPK. In this cell line the inhibition of p38 alpha triggered apoptotic pathway. Chemoresistance is one of the main obstacle in the treatment of cancer. A part of my PhD project is based on the study of p38 alpha role in cisplatin chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Surprisingly, we found that its inhibition, together with the administration of cisplatin, induced apoptotic cell death in the resistant HT29 cell line and increased the effect of cell death in the responsive HCT116 cell line, through the activation of FoxO3A. All these evidences indicated that inhibition of p38 alpha could be used as a promising therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer and other malignancy, through the activation of FoxO3A-dependent transcription program.
The Gravitational Instability of Adiabatic Filaments
Creators: name: Coughlin, Eric R.
name: Nixon, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Filamentary structures, or long and narrow streams of material, arise in many areas of astronomy. Here we investigate the stability of such filaments by performing an eigenmode analysis of adiabatic and polytropic fluid cylinders, which are the cylindrical analog of spherical polytropes. We show that these cylinders are gravitationally unstable to perturbations along the axis of the cylinder below a critical wavenumber $k_{\rm crit} \simeq few$, where $k_{\rm crit}$ is measured relative to the radius of the cylinder. Below this critical wavenumber perturbations grow as $\propto e^{σ_{\rm u}τ}$, where $τ$ is time relative to the sound crossing time across the diameter of the cylinder, and we derive the growth rate $σ_{\rm u}$ as a function of wavenumber. We find that there is a maximum growth rate $σ_{\rm max} \sim 1$ that occurs at a specific wavenumber $k_{\rm max} \sim 1$, and we derive the growth rate $σ_{\rm max}$ and the wavenumbers $k_{\rm max}$ and $k_{\rm crit}$ for a range of adiabatic indices. To the extent that filamentary structures can be approximated as adiabatic and fluid-like, our results imply that these filaments are unstable without the need to appeal to magnetic fields or external media. Further, the objects that condense out of the instability of such filaments are separated by a preferred length scale, form over a preferred timescale, and possess a preferred mass scale.
description: ApJS Accepted
On the Classical String Solutions and String/Field Theory Duality
Creators: name: Aleksandrova, D.
name: Bozhilov, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify almost all classical string configurations, considered in the framework of the semi-classical limit of the string/gauge theory duality. Then, we describe a procedure for obtaining the conserved quantities and the exact classical string solutions in general string theory backgrounds, when the string embedding coordinates depend non-linearly on the worldsheet time parameter.
description: LaTeX, 15 pages, no figures; V2: some typos corrected; V3: no corrections, to appear in JHEP
Panel Data Modelling: A Software Review
Creators: name: Blanchard, Pierre
name: Matyas, Laszlo
name: Blanchard, Pierre
name: Matyas, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Panel data
subject: Econometrics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Time series
subject: Cross section
subject: Software

description: The use of panel data is more and more popular in economic and econometric modelling. The purpose of this paper is to help potential user to find the right computing tools for their analysis.
title: An Investigation into the Social and Cultural Dynamics that Shape Product Service Systems Consumption
Creators: name: Catulli, Maurizio
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: Improved resource efficiency and extended product life cycles are strategies prioritized by policy makers to achieve sustainable production and consumption. Literature suggests that Product Service Systems (PSS), competitive systems of products, services, supporting networks and infrastructure designed to satisfy demand using fewer resources than traditional business models can deliver these strategies. Whilst PSS’ resource efficiency potential has been questioned, PSS may still help society move toward more sustainable futures. Indeed, PSS have been linked to the concept of circular economy in which resources are reused, recovered and regenerated to minimise environmental impact of consumption. Yet PSS have not been widely taken up in consumer markets and consequently their potential to address sustainability challenges has not been realised. In response, this thesis investigates the social and cultural dynamics that shape PSS consumption. Two case studies are presented that draw upon Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) and Practice theory (PT) in pluralistic fashion and experts engaged to find ways to generate a dialogue and insights from these two perspectives. A flexible research design was followed with data collected by semi-structured interviews with consumers and experts. Data were analysed using a dynamic template approach. The findings suggest that some consumers are encouraged to consume PSS as a way to construct identities expressing meanings and ideologies such as altruism and environmental protection. Consumers need, however, to learn access practices to consume PSS offerings. Furthermore, social- structural elements of living such as social conventions and the physical distribution of sites where consumers work and live prevent them from consuming PSS recurrently. Further research is needed to investigate how PSS consumption inspired by consumers’ meanings and ideologies may be collective, recurring and integrated within the social structural aspects of living.
Quantum entanglement and the Born-Markov approximation for an open quantum system
Creators: name: Kolovsky, Andrey R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the Born-Markov approximation for an open quantum system by considering a microscopic model of the bath, namely, the Bose-Hubbard chain in the parameter region where it is chaotic in the sense of Quantum Chaos. It is shown that strong ergodic properties of the bath justify all approximations required for deriving the Markovian master equation from the first principles.
description: 11 pages, 8 figure (APS preprint style)
Periodic Coherence Peak Height Modulations in Superconducting BSCCO
Creators: name: Fang, A.
name: Howald, C.
name: Kaneko, N.
name: Greven, M.
name: Kapitulnik, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze, using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), the local density of electronic states (LDOS) in nearly optimally doped BSCCO in zero field. We see both dispersive and non-dispersive spatial LDOS modulations as a function of energy in our samples. Moreover, a spatial map of the superconducting coherence peak heights shows the same structure as the low energy LDOS. This suggests that these non-dispersive LDOS modulations originate from an underlying charge-density modulation which interacts with superconductivity.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures with 15 total eps files
Sensitivity-enhanced Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy using a supercontinuum laser source
Creators: name: Zorin, Ivan
name: Kilgus, Jakob
name: Duswald, Kristina
name: Lendl, Bernhard
name: Heise, Bettina
name: Brandstetter, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers have been the dominant technology in the field of mid-infrared (MIR)spectroscopy for decades. Supercontinuum laser sources operating in the MIR spectral region now offer the potential to enrich the field of FTIR spectroscopy due to their distinctive properties, such as high-brightness, broadband spectral coverage and enhanced stability. In our contribution, we introduce this advanced light source as a replacement for conventional thermal emitters. Furthermore, an approach to efficient coupling of pulsed MIR supercontinuum sources to FTIR spectrometers is proposed and considered in detail. The experimental part is devoted to pulse-to-pulse energy fluctuations of the applied supercontinuum laser, performance of the system, as well as the noise and long-term stability. Comparative measurements performed with a conventional FTIR instrument equipped with a thermal emitter illustrate that similar noise levels can be achieved with the supercontinuum-based system. The analytical performance of the supercontinuum-based FTIR spectrometer was tested for a concentration series of aqueous formaldehyde solutions in a liquid flow cell (500 $μ$m path length) and compared with the conventional FTIR (130 $μ$m path length). The results show a four-times-enhanced detection limit due to the extended path length enabled by the high brightness of the laser. In conclusion, FTIR spectrometers equipped with novel broadband MIR supercontinuum lasers could outperform traditional systems providing superior performance, e.g., interaction path lengths formerly unattainable, while maintaining low noise levels known from highly stable thermal emitters.
Critical fluctuations in a dynamically expanding heavy-ion collision
Creators: name: Kitazawa, Masakiyo
name: Pihan, Grégoire
name: Touroux, Nathan
name: Bluhm, Marcus
name: Nahrgang, Marlene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the discovery of the QCD critical point it is crucial to develop dynamical models of the fluctuations of the net-baryon number that can be embedded in simulations of heavy-ion collisions. In this proceeding, we study the dynamical formation of the critical fluctuations of the net-baryon number near the QCD critical point and their survival in the late stages in an expanding system. The stochastic diffusion equation with a non-linear free energy functional is employed for describing the evolution of conserved-charge fluctuations along trajectories in the crossover and first-order transition regions near the QCD critical point.
description: 4 pages 5 figures, contribution to the proceedings of XXVIIIth International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2019)
Placement of Outdoor Recycling Containers Around UBC Campus
Creators: name: Iong, Jace
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
The Capacitated Plant Location Problems: A Survey
Creators: name: Sridharan, R.
name: Sridharan, R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Production Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper we provide a comprehensive survey of a class of plant location problems. We cover both heuristic and exact procedures that have appeared in the literature. The survey also covers three decades of work on the capacitated plant location problem.
Spin Relaxation in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Burkov, A. A.
name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of spin relaxation in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a perpendicular magnetic field. We assume that the spin relaxation is induced by the Rashba spin-orbit (SO) interaction, which appears due to the inversion asymmetry of the confining potential. Our solution is based on a microscopic evaluation of the spin density response function of the 2DEG with impurities and SO interaction. We derive explicit expressions for the transverse and longitudinal spin relaxation rates. Our analysis shows, in particular, that the spin relaxation rates exhibit {\it magnetoquantum oscillations}, which are analogous to the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of the electrical resistivity. These oscillations can be observed, for example, in time-resolved optical experiments.
description: 6 pages, 1 eps figure
Tidal deformations of hybrid stars with sharp phase transitions and elastic crusts
Creators: name: Pereira, Jonas P.
name: Bejger, Michał
name: Andersson, Nils
name: Gittins, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave astronomy is expected to provide independent constraints on neutron star properties, such as their dense matter equation of state. This is possible with the measurements of binary components' tidal deformability, which alter the point-particle gravitational waveforms of the late inspiral phase of neutron-star binaries. Although current gravitational wave detectors are not sensitive enough for a precise determination of the individual tidal deformations of the components, a large number of combined observations with future detectors will decrease uncertainties in this quantity. Here we provide a first study of the tidal deformability effects due to the elasticity/solidity of the crust (hadronic phase) in a hybrid neutron star, as well as the influence of a quark-hadronic phase density jump on tidal deformations. We employ the framework of nonradial perturbations with zero frequency and study hadronic phases presenting elastic aspects when perturbed (with the shear modulus approximately $1\%$ of the pressure). We find that the relative tidal deformation change in a hybrid star with a perfect-fluid quark phase and a hadronic phase presenting an elastic part is never larger than about $2-4\%$ (with respect to a perfect-fluid counterpart). These maximum changes occur when the elastic region of a hybrid star is larger than approximately $60\%$ of the star's radius, which may happen when its quark phase is small and the density jump is large enough, or even when a hybrid star has an elastic mixed phase. For other cases, the relative tidal deformation changes due to an elastic crust are negligible ($10^{-5}-10^{-1}\%$), therefore unlikely to be measured even with third generation detectors. Thus, only when the size of the elastic hadronic region of a hybrid star is over half of its radius, the effects of elasticity could have a noticeable impact on tidal deformations.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. Minor changes to the abstract. Accepted for publication in ApJ
A Monte Carlo Study of Tests for the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives Property
Creators: name: Fry, Tim R. L.
name: Harris, Mark N.
name: Fry, Tim R. L.
name: Harris, Mark N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A plethora of tests for the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IA) property of Logit models of discrete choice behavior has been proposed in the literature. These tests are based upon asymptotic arguments and little is known about their size and power properties in finite samples. This paper uses a Monte Carlo simulation study to investigate the size and power properties of six tests for IIA in the multinomial Logit (MNL) model. Our results show that tests based upon partitioning the choice set appear to have very poor size and power properties in small samples.
Semi-analytic Models for Electron Acceleration in Weak ICM Shocks
Creators: name: Kang, Hyesung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose semi-analytic models for the electron momentum distribution in weak shocks that accounts for both in situ acceleration and re-acceleration through diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). In the former case, a small fraction of incoming electrons are assumed to be reflected at the shock ramp and pre-accelerated to the so-called injection momentum, $p_{\rm inj}$, above which particles can diffuse across the shock transition and participate in the DSA process. This leads to the DSA power-law distribution extending from the smallest momentum of reflected electrons, $p_{\rm ref}$, all the way to the cutoff momentum, $p_{\rm eq}$, constrained by radiative cooling. In the later case, fossil electrons, specified by a power-law spectrum with a cutoff, are assumed to be re-accelerated also from $p_{\rm ref}$ up to $p_{\rm eq}$ via DSA. We then show that, in the in situ acceleration model, the amplitude of radio synchrotron emission depends strongly on the shock Mach number, whereas it varies rather weakly in the re-acceleration model. Considering rather turbulent nature of shocks in the intracluster medium, such extreme dependence for the in situ acceleration might not be compatible with relatively smooth surface brightness of observed radio relics.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, to appear in June issue of Journal of the Korean Astronomical Society
The BNO-LNGS joint measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate in 71Ga
Creators: name: Abdurashitov, J. N.
name: Bowles, T. J.
name: Cattadori, C.
name: Cleveland, B. T.
name: Elliott, S. R.
name: Ferrari, N.
name: Gavrin, V. N.
name: Girin, S. V.
name: Gorbachev, V. V.
name: Gurkina, P. P
name: Hampel, W.
name: Ibragimova, T. V.
name: Kaether, F.
name: Kalikhov, A. V.
name: Khairnasov, N. G.
name: Knodel, T. V.
name: Mirmov, I. N.
name: Pandola, L.
name: Richter, H.
name: Shikhin, A. A.
name: Teasdale, W. A.
name: Veretenkin, E. P.
name: Vermul, V. M.
name: Wilkerson, J. F.
name: Yants, V. E.
name: Zatsepin, G. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a cooperative measurement of the capture rate of solar neutrinos by the reaction 71Ga(ν_e,e^-)71Ge. Extractions were made from a portion of the gallium target in the Russian-American Gallium Experiment SAGE and the extraction samples were transported to the Gran Sasso laboratory for synthesis and counting at the Gallium Neutrino Observatory GNO. Six extractions of this type were made and the resultant solar neutrino capture rate was 64 ^{+24}_{-22} SNU, which agrees well with the overall result of the gallium experiments. The major purpose of this experiment was to make it possible for SAGE to continue their regular schedule of monthly solar neutrino extractions without interruption while a separate experiment was underway to measure the response of 71Ga to neutrinos from an 37Ar source. As side benefits, this experiment proved the feasibility of long-distance sample transport in ultralow background radiochemical experiments and familiarized each group with the methods and techniques of the other.
description: 7 pages, no figures; minor additions in version 2