Lucanus formosus Didier 1925
Creators: name: Zhan, Zhihong
name: Young, Daniel K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Lucanidae
Lucanus
Lucanus formosus

description: Lucanus formosus Didier, 1925 (Figs 126–133, 261, 293, 323, 351, 412–414, 470)   
 Lucanus formosus Didier, 1925: 218; Huang & Chen, 2010: 95–97, plate 36, figs 11.   
 Material examined. [5♂]: CHINA: Yunnan Province, Honghe Pref., // Jingping County, Feng-Shui-Ling Nature Reserve // [Ḧ河ṙ平, Ņ水岭ss然保护区]; Alt. 2000m; 08 May. 2021 // Yunchuan Xv leg.; [2nd label]: 22.9984°N; 103.3899°E Adult // collected by Light-trap//; [3rd label]: Lucanus // formosus // Didier ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Yunnan Province, Honghe Pref., // Jingping County, Feng-Shui-Ling Nature Reserve // [Ḧ河ṙ平, Ņ水岭ss然保护区]; Alt. 2000m; 14 May. 2019 // Yunchuan Xv leg.; [2nd label]: 22.9984°N; 103.3899°E Adult // collected by Light-trap//; [3rd label]: Lucanus // formosus // Didier ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [1♀]: CHINA: Yunnan Province, Honghe Pref., // Jingping County, Feng-Shui-Ling Nature Reserve // [Ḧ河ṙ平, Ņ水岭ss然保护区]; Alt. 2000m; 08 May. 2021 // Yunchuan Xv leg.; [2nd label]: 22.9984°N; 103.3899°E Adult // collected by Light-trap//; [3rd label]: Lucanus // formosus // Didier ♀ // det. Z. Zhan.   
Body length 28.2–58.6 mm (♂); 27.3 mm (♀).  
Description. Major male. Body largely yellowish to orange, surface covered with a thick vestiture of long, yellowish setae; head, including widest region at mandibular bases, 2.2× width of pronotum and elytra. Head mainly yellowish to orange, surface covered with a thick vestiture of long, yellowish setae; mandibles strongly incurved at basal 1/3, straight along midlength and apex; major inner mandibular tooth located approximately halfway to apex, triangular, pointing slightly upward, not inflated on either side,>6 small inner mandibular teeth located below major inner mandibular tooth, but not attaining mandibular base; usually 4–5 small inner mandibular teeth located between major mandibular tooth and apical forks; apical mandibular forks strongly developed, widely open anteriorly, upper branches of apical fork 1.5× length of lower apical fork branches; anterolateral ridges of head well rounded developed, posterolateral margin of head convex, slightly wider than anterolateral ridges; clypeolabrum developed, short trapezoidal, labrum triangular, weakly protruding at middle. Pronotum yellowish to brownish; surface covered with a thick vestiture of long yellowish setae; weakly convex at apex and base, somewhat protruding at middle; 0.45× width of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae yellowish to orange, each bearing>5 small but well-developed spines from apex to basal 1/3; mesothoracic tibiae yellowish, each bearing two spines along midlength; metathoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing a single spine at basal 1/3. Elytra yellowish to brownish, elytral apices covered with vestiture of short yellowish setae; elytra weakly metallic; slender, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: head with major inner mandibular tooth stout, weakly triangular, single-pointed; <6 small inner mandibular teeth located below major tooth. Minor male as major and median males except: head with mandibles straight, weakly incurved apically; major inner mandibular tooth weakly developed to absent, single-pointed and not triangular; <3 poorly developed small inner mandibular teeth located below or above major tooth. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment widened behind cephalic base and constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually poorly defined, 0.55× length of entire aedeagus; apical flagellum weakly enlarged, flagellum 0.41× length of entire aedeagus; aedeagus stout, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.  
Female. Body brownish, surface metallic, slender, usually smaller than major and median males, subequal in length or larger than minor male. Head brownish; surface punctate; mandibles strongly incurved along midlength, middle and apical 1/3; mandibular tooth wel developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular, that of left mandibular smooth and convex at middle; preocular and postocular margins weakly developed, forming acute angles, protruding anteriorly; clypeolabrum weakly developed, single-pointed protruding at middle. Pronotum brownish to reddish, surface weakly metallic; obscurely but densely punctate; lateral margins covered with vestiture of thick, yellowish setae; anterior pronotum weakly enlarged, well rounded, ubequal in width to that of posterolateral pronotum; prothoracic tibiae reddish, each bearing four spines from apex to midlength; distal two spines strongly developed, excurved; prothoracic tibiae 1.35× width of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae reddish, each bearing two spines along midlength; metathoracic tibiae reddish, each bearing two spines at basal 1/3. Elytra reddish to brownish, surface smooth, without setae, metallic, concolorous with head and pronotum; slender, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3.  
Distribution. China (Yunnan).  
 Phenology. Adult specimens of L. formosus were collected from early May.   
 Natural history. Typical plants for this species are still unknown. Lucanus formosus is attracted to light. Adult longevity is 25–30 days.   
Collecting methods. Light-trap collected.
description: Published as part of Zhan, Zhihong & Young, Daniel K., 2023, A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae), pp. 279-360 in Zoological Systematics 48 (4) on pages 319-321, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2023401, http://zenodo.org/record/10941626