cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inflation with a Negative Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Biswas, Tirthabir
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a unique way of realizing inflation through cyclic phases in an universe with negative vacuum energy. According to the second law of thermodynamics entropy monotonically increases from cycle to cycle, typically by a constant factor. This means that the scale factor at the same energy density in consecutive cycles also increases by a constant factor. If the time period of the oscillations remain approximately constant then this leads to an ``over all'' exponential growth of the scale factor, mimicking inflation. A graceful exit from this inflationary phase is possible as a dynamical scalar field can take us from the negative to a positive energy vacuum during the last contracting phase.
description: replaced to match the journal version, title changed
MODELING THE KINETICS OF DRYING BEET ROOTS
Creators: name: Safarov, J.E.
name: Sultanova, Sh.A.
name: Najafli, M.R.
name: Usenov, A.B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Drying involves complex thermal processes in which mass and heat are transferred simultaneously, interrelatedly and unstably both inside and on the surface of the sample. Accordingly, it is necessary to have a complete understanding of the control parameters in this process. In the literature, the drying process is described using three mathematical models: theoretical, semi-theoretical and empirical [1, 2]. Understanding the basic phenomena and mechanisms of the drying process helps to develop various theoretical models. Both theoretical models and computer simulations are used as a means to predict the drying curves of various products.
On Gauge Threshold Corrections for Local IIB/F-theory GUTs
Creators: name: Conlon, Joseph P.
name: Palti, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study gauge threshold corrections for local GUT models in IIB/F-theory. Consistency with holomorphy requirements of supergravity and the Kaplunovsky-Louis formula implies that the unification scale is enhanced by the bulk radius R from the string scale to M_X =RM_S. We argue that the stringy interpretation of this is via a locally uncancelled tadpole sourced by the hypercharge flux. This sources closed string modes propagating into the bulk; equivalently open string gauge coupling running up to the winding scale M_X. The enhancement to R M_s is tied to GUT breaking by a globally trivial hypercharge flux and will occur in all models realising this mechanism.
description: 4 pages; v2. journal version
Ising model versus normal form game
Creators: name: Galam, Serge
name: Walliser, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2-spin Ising model in statistical mechanics and the 2x2 normal form game in game theory are compared. All configurations allowed by the second are recovered by the first when the only concern is about Nash equilibria. But it holds no longer when Pareto optimum condiderations are introduced like in the prisoner's dilemma. This gap can nevertheless be filled by adding a new coupling term to the Ising model, even if that term has up to now no physical meaning. An individual complete bilinear objective function is thus found to be sufficient to reproduce all possible configurations of a 2x2 game. Using this one-to-one mapping, new perspectives for future research in both fields can be envisioned.
description: 19 pages, no figure
A catalogue of 323 cataclysmic variables from LAMOST DR6
Creators: name: Sun, Yongkang
name: Cheng, Zhenghao
name: Ye, Shuo
name: Ding, Ruobin
name: Peng, Yijiang
name: Zhang, Jiawen
name: Huo, Zhenyan
name: Cui, Wenyuan
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Shi, Jianrong
name: Lin, Jie
name: Wu, Chengyuan
name: Li, Linlin
name: Feng, Shuai
name: Yu, Yang
name: Ma, Xiaoran
name: Li, Xin
name: Liu, Cheng
name: Zhang, Ziping
name: Shao, Zhenzhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present a catalog of cataclysmic variables (CVs) identified from the Sixth Data Release (DR6) of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). To single out the CV spectra, we introduce a novel machine-learning algorithm called UMAP to screen out a total of 169,509 H$α$-emission spectra, and obtain a classification accuracy of the algorithm of over 99.6$\%$ from the cross-validation set. We then apply the template matching program PyHammer v2.0 to the LAMOST spectra to obtain the optimal spectral type with metallicity, which helps us identify the chromospherically active stars and potential binary stars from the 169,509 spectra. After visually inspecting all the spectra, we identify 323 CV candidates from the LAMOST database, among them 52 objects are new. We further discuss the new CV candidates in subtypes based on their spectral features, including five DN subtype during outbursts, five NL subtype and four magnetic CVs (three AM Her type and one IP type). We also find two CVs that have been previously identified by photometry, and confirm their previous classification by the LAMOST spectra.
Supplemental Figures from Evolutionary allometry and ecological correlates of fang length evolution in vipers
Creators: name: Holding, Matthew L.
name: Trevine, Vivian C.
name: Zinenko, Oleksandr
name: Strickland, Jason L.
name: Rautsaw, Rhett M.
name: Mason, Andrew J.
name: Hogan, Michael P.
name: Parkinson, Christopher L.
name: Grazziotin, Felipe G.
name: Santana, Sharlene E.
name: Davis, Mark A.
name: Rokyta, Darin R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified

description: Predatory traits for prey acquisition form the phenotypic interface of predator–prey interactions. In venomous predators, morphological variation in venom delivery apparatus like fangs and stingers may be optimized for dispatching prey. Here, we determine how a single dimension of venom injection systems evolves in response to variation in the size, climatic conditions and dietary ecology of viperid snakes. We measured fang length in more than 1900 museum specimens representing 199 viper species (55% of recognized species). We find both phylogenetic signal and within-clade variation in relative fang length across vipers suggesting both general taxonomic trends and putatively adaptive divergence in fang length. We recover positive evolutionary allometry and little static allometry in fang length. Proportionally longer fangs have evolved in larger species, which may facilitate venom injection in more voluminous prey. Finally, we leverage climatic and diet data to assess the global correlates of fang length. We find that models of fang length evolution are improved through the inclusion of both temperature and diet, particularly the extent to which diets are mammal-heavy diets. These findings demonstrate how adaptive variation can emerge among components of complex prey capture systems.
Analytical formula for the cross section of hadron production from $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions around the narrow charmouinum resonances
Creators: name: Wang, Yanan
name: Wang, Yadi
name: Wang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper reports an analytical formula for the production cross section of $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation to hadrons in the vicinity of a narrow resonance, particularly in the $τ$-charm region, while considering initial state radiation. Despite some approximations in its derivation, the comparison between the analytical formula and direct integration of ISR shows good accuracy, indicating that the analytical formula meets current experimental requirements. Furthermore, the paper presents a comparison of the cross section between the analytical formula and calculations using the {\sc ConExc} Monte Carlo generator. The efficiency of the analytical formula in significantly reducing computing time makes it a favorable choice for the regression procedure to extract the parameters of narrow charmonium resonances in experiments.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures
title: Artificial intelligence and machine learning
Creators: name: Kühl, Niklas
name: Schemmer, Max
name: Goutier, Marc
name: Satzger, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2025

description: Within the last decade, the application of "artificial intelligence" and "machine learning" has become popular across multiple disciplines, especially in information systems. The two terms are still used inconsistently in academia and industry—sometimes as synonyms, sometimes with different meanings. With this work, we try to clarify the relationship between these concepts. We review the relevant literature and develop a conceptual framework to specify the role of machine learning in building (artificial) intelligent agents. Additionally, we propose a consistent typology for AI-based information systems. We contribute to a deeper understanding of the nature of both concepts and to more terminological clarity and guidance—as a starting point for interdisciplinary discussions and future research.
Neck Barrier Engineering in Quantum Dot Dimer Molecules via Intra-Particle Ripening
Creators: name: Cui, Jiabin
name: Koley, Somnath
name: Panfil, Yossef E.
name: Levi, Adar
name: Ossia, Yonatan
name: Waiskopf, Nir
name: Remennik, Sergei
name: Oded, Meirav
name: Banin, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled colloidal quantum dot (CQD) dimers represent a new class of artificial molecules composed of fused core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals. The electronic coupling and wavefunction hybridization is enabled by the formation of an epitaxial connection with a coherent lattice between the shells of the two neighboring quantum dots where the shell material and its dimensions dictate the quantum barrier characteristics for the charge carriers. Herein we introduce a colloidal approach to control the neck formation at the interface between the two CQDs in such artificial molecular constructs. This allows the tailoring of the neck barrier in pre-linked homodimers formed via fusion of multifaceted wurtzite CdSe/CdS CQDs. The effects of reaction time, temperature and excess ligands is studied. The neck filling process follows an intraparticle ripening mechanism at relatively mild reaction conditions while avoiding inter-particle ripening. The degree of surface ligand passivation plays a key role in activating the surface atom diffusion to the neck region. The degree of neck filling strongly depends also on the initial relative orientation of the two CQDs, where homonymous plane attachment allows for facile neck growth, unlike the case of heteronymous plane attachment. Upon neck-filling, the observed red-shift of the absorption and fluorescence measured both for ensemble and single dimers, is assigned to enhanced hybridization of the confined wavefunction in CQD dimer molecules, as supported by quantum calculations. The fine tuning of the particle interface introduced herein provides therefore a powerful tool to further control the extent of hybridization and coupling in CQD molecules.
description: Article- 19 pages, 5 figures; SI- 18 pages, 12 figures. Journal of the American Chemical Society Article ASAP, 2021
Fisher information susceptibility for multiparameter quantum estimation
Creators: name: Albarelli, Francesco
name: Gianani, Ilaria
name: Genoni, Marco G.
name: Barbieri, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noise affects the performance of quantum technologies, hence the importance of elaborating operative figures of merit that can capture its impact in exact terms. In quantum metrology, the introduction of the Fisher information measurement noise susceptibility now allows to quantify the robustness of measurement for single-parameter estimation. Here we extend this notion to the multiparameter quantum estimation scenario. We provide its mathematical definition in the form of a semidefinite program. Although a closed formula could not be found, we further derive an upper and a lower bound to the susceptibility. We then apply these techniques to two paradigmatic examples of multiparameter estimation: the joint estimation of phase and phase-diffusion and the estimation of the different parameters describing the incoherent mixture of optical point sources. Our figure of merit provides clear indications on conditions allowing or hampering robustness of multiparameter measurements.
Acceptance and Trust: Drivers' First Contact with Released Automated Vehicles in Naturalistic Traffic
Creators: name: Schwindt-Drews, Sarah
name: Storms, Kai
name: Peters, Steven
name: Abendroth, Bettina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study investigates the impact of initial contact of drivers with an SAE Level 3 Automated Driving System (ADS) under real traffic conditions, focusing on the Mercedes-Benz Drive Pilot in the EQS. It examines Acceptance, Trust, Usability, and User Experience. Although previous studies in simulated environments provided insights into human-automation interaction, real-world experiences can differ significantly. The research was conducted on a segment of German interstate with 30 participants lacking familiarity with Level 3 ADS. Pre- and post-driving questionnaires were used to assess changes in acceptance and confidence. Supplementary metrics included post-driving ratings for usability and user experience. Findings reveal a significant increase in acceptance and trust following the first contact, confirming results from prior simulator studies. Factors such as Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Condition, Self-Efficacy, and Behavioral Intention to use the vehicle were rated higher after initial contact with the ADS. However, inadequate communication from the ADS to the human driver was detected, highlighting the need for improved communication to prevent misuse or confusion about the operating mode. Contrary to prior research, we found no significant impact of general attitudes towards technological innovation on acceptance and trust. However, it's worth noting that most participants already had a high affinity for technology. Although overall reception was positive and showed an upward trend post first contact, the ADS was also perceived as demanding as manual driving. Future research should focus on a more diverse participant sample and include longer or multiple real-traffic trips to understand behavioral adaptations over time.
Position operators and interband matrix elements of scalar and vector potentials in the 8-band Kane model
Creators: name: Ado, I. A.
name: Titov, M.
name: Duine, Rembert A.
name: Brataas, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We diagonalize the 8-band Kane Hamiltonian with a proper inclusion of the interband matrix elements of the scalar and vector potentials. This leads, among other results, to a modification of the conventional expression for the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength in narrow-gap semiconductors with the zinc blende symmetry. We find that in GaAs, at low temperatures, the correct expression for the SOC strength is actually twice as large as usually considered. In InSb it is $1.76$ times larger. We also provide a proper treatment of the interband matrix elements of the position operator. We show that the velocity operator in a crystal should be defined as a time-derivative of a fictitious position operator rather than the physical one. We compute the expressions for both these position operators projected to the conduction band of the 8-band Kane model. We also derive an expression for the projected velocity operator and demonstrate that the SOC strength in it differs from the SOC strength in the Hamiltonian. The ratio between them is not equal to $1$, as it is often assumed for the Rashba model. It does not equal $2$ either. The correct result for this ratio is given by a rational function of the parameters of the model. This function takes values between $4(23+3\sqrt{2})/73\approx 1.49$ and $2$. Our findings modify a vast number of research results obtained using the Rashba model and provide a path for a consistent treatment of the latter in future applications.
A Distributed Privacy Preserving Model for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
Creators: name: Mandal, Paul K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10; I.2.11; I.4.0; I.5.1; J.3.3; J.3.4; J.3.5

description: In the era of rapidly advancing medical technologies, the segmentation of medical data has become inevitable, necessitating the development of privacy preserving machine learning algorithms that can train on distributed data. Consolidating sensitive medical data is not always an option particularly due to the stringent privacy regulations imposed by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). In this paper, I introduce a HIPAA compliant framework that can train from distributed data. I then propose a multimodal vertical federated model for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) detection, a serious neurodegenerative condition that can cause dementia, severely impairing brain function and hindering simple tasks, especially without preventative care. This vertical federated learning (VFL) model offers a distributed architecture that enables collaborative learning across diverse sources of medical data while respecting privacy constraints imposed by HIPAA. The VFL architecture proposed herein offers a novel distributed architecture, enabling collaborative learning across diverse sources of medical data while respecting statutory privacy constraints. By leveraging multiple modalities of data, the robustness and accuracy of AD detection can be enhanced. This model not only contributes to the advancement of federated learning techniques but also holds promise for overcoming the hurdles posed by data segmentation in medical research.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
An Edge-Coupled Magnetostatic Bandpass Filter
Creators: name: Devitt, Connor
name: Wang, Renyuan
name: Tiwari, Sudhanshu
name: Bhave, Sunil A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of an edge-coupled magnetostatic forward volume wave bandpass filter. Using micromachining techniques, the filter is fabricated from a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film grown on a gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate with inductive transducers. By adjusting an out-of-plane magnetic field, we demonstrate linear center frequency tuning for a $4^{\text{th}}$-order filter from 4.5 GHz to 10.1 GHz while retaining a fractional bandwidth of 0.3%, an insertion loss of 6.94 dB, and a -35dB rejection. We characterize the filter nonlinearity in the passband and stopband with IIP3 measurements of -4.85 dBm and 25.84 dBm, respectively. When integrated with a tunable magnetic field, this device is an octave tunable narrowband channel-select filter.
Design of local pilot projects (LPPs)
Creators: name: Kalev, Leif
name: Hallik, Maarja
name: Sandström, Niclas
name: Hytti, Maija
name: Salamon, Ezster
name: Horgas, Judit
name: Krüger, Karsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Education4Democracy
DemocratProject
Responsible Democratic Citizenship
EpD – Education para la democracia
Local Pilot Projects
Competence Assessment

description: Deliverable approved

In this document, general guidance is provided on the piloting phase (WP5) of the DEMOCRAT project. The intended audience of this deliverable are the DEMOCRAT project national teams who carry out local pilot projects (LPPs) in the local Living Lab settings. Therefore, the document includes (1) guidance on the development of county-specific network, and organization for Living Labs, (2) selecting, developing and implementing the interventions, and (3) assessing and evaluating the interventions, the pilots at-large and the possibilities of scaling up good practices. The deliverable also includes annexes and references to more detailed or supportive material.

In addition, we emphasise the collaborative and co-creative nature of the Living Labs and the DEMOCRAT project whereby the assessment and evaluation materials and instruments presented in this document are subject to further development throughout 2024-2025 as the national teams test, modify and adapt the initial versions presented in this deliverable to meet the needs of educators, and consider what sort of tools will be practically useful for teachers, youth workers and others in assessing the DEMOCRAT competencies and evaluating the interventions overall.
The entanglement membrane in exactly solvable lattice models
Creators: name: Rampp, Michael A.
name: Rather, Suhail A.
name: Claeys, Pieter W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement membrane theory is an effective coarse-grained description of entanglement dynamics and operator growth in chaotic quantum many-body systems. The fundamental quantity characterizing the membrane is the entanglement line tension. However, determining the entanglement line tension for microscopic models is in general exponentially difficult. We compute the entanglement line tension in a recently introduced class of exactly solvable yet chaotic unitary circuits, so-called generalized dual-unitary circuits, obtaining a non-trivial form that gives rise to a hierarchy of velocity scales with $v_E
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables + 6 pages, 1 figure appendix; Added material: pedagogical introduction to entanglement membrane theory, extended bounds on $v_E$ in higher levels of the hierarchy, constructions of generalized dual-unitary gates based on complex Hadamard matrices, tensor product constructions
Dust growth and evolution in protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Birnstiel, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past decade, advancement of observational capabilities, specifically the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and SPHERE instrument, alongside theoretical innovations like pebble accretion, have reshaped our understanding of planet formation and the physics of protoplanetary disks. Despite this progress, mysteries persist along the winded path of micrometer-sized dust, from the interstellar medium, through transport and growth in the protoplanetary disk, to becoming gravitationally bound bodies. This review outlines our current knowledge of dust evolution in circumstellar disks, yielding the following insights:
 $\bullet$ Theoretical and laboratory studies have accurately predicted the growth of dust particles to sizes that are susceptible to accumulation through transport processes like radial drift and settling.
 $\bullet$ Critical uncertainties in that process remain the level of turbulence, the threshold collision velocities at which dust growth stalls, and the evolution of dust porosity.
 $\bullet$ Symmetric and asymmetric substructure are widespread. Dust traps appear to be solving several long-standing issues in planet formation models, and they are observationally consistent with being sites of active planetesimal formation.
 $\bullet$ In some instances, planets have been identified as the causes behind substructures. This underlines the need to study earlier stages of disks to understand how planets can form so rapidly.
 In the future, better probes of the physical conditions in optically thick regions, including densities, turbulence strength, kinematics, and particle properties will be essential for unraveling the physical processes at play.
description: Review to be published in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics (authors version, 48 pages including 11 figures and 314 references)
REGULATION OF UBIQUITIN SIGNALING PATHWAYS BY ADAPTOR PROTEINS
Creators: name: Kenny, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Enzymes
Structural biology (incl. macromolecular modelling)
Proteins and peptides

description: Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that activates a variety of signaling pathways. The process of tagging ubiquitin (Ub) onto a substrate protein requires three proteins. First, the E1-activating protein primes Ub for attachment to the E2-conjugating enzymes. The E2-conjugating enzyme then brings Ub to E3 ligases, which also recruit the substrate proteins. The final step of this cascade is the transfer of Ub onto the substrate protein. More commonly, ubiquitinated proteins are then degraded via the proteasome. This cascade to downregulate proteins is employed as a cellular adaptation mechanism in response to various threats, including bacterial and viral pathogens. Although the Ub system exists exclusively in eukaryotes, in recent years many bacterial effector proteins and viral factors have been shown to hijack the system through highly regulated mechanisms. In my Ph.D. work, I characterized the hijacking mechanism of a protein produced by human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes downregulation of p53. Downregulation of p53 leads to the oncogenic effects of HPV infection. A strain of oncogenic HPV, HPV-16, produces the E6 protein, which forms a complex with the human ubiquitin E3 ligase, E6AP. This allows E6AP to recognize p53 for ubiquitination. Furthermore, the ability of E6 to act as an adaptor protein to target unnatural substrate proteins has been employed by medicinal chemists as the basis of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). To this extent, my thesis covers three broad ideas that will add to our understanding of 1) Cellular adaptor protein regulation, 2) viral adaptor protein hijacking, and 3) PROTAC ligand development.
Two-loop mixed QCD-electroweak amplitudes for $Z+$jet production at the LHC: bosonic corrections
Creators: name: Bargiela, Piotr
name: Caola, Fabrizio
name: Chawdhry, Herschel
name: Liu, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the bosonic contribution to the two-loop mixed QCD-electroweak scattering amplitudes for $Z$-boson production in association with one hard jet at hadron colliders. We employ a method to calculate amplitudes in the 't Hooft-Veltman scheme that reduces the amount of spurious non-physical information needed at intermediate stages of the computation, to keep the complexity of the calculation under control. We compute all the relevant Feynman integrals numerically using the Auxiliary Mass Flow method. We evaluate the two-loop scattering amplitudes on a two-dimensional grid in the rapidity and transverse momentum of the $Z$ boson, which has been designed to yield a reliable numerical sampling of the boosted-$Z$ region. This result provides an important building block for improving the theoretical modelling of a key background for monojet searches at the LHC.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, partial overlap with DPhil thesis 2311.06977
A contour method for time-fractional PDEs and an application to fractional viscoelastic beam equations
Creators: name: Colbrook, Matthew J.
name: Ayton, Lorna J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a rapid and accurate contour method for the solution of time-fractional PDEs. The method inverts the Laplace transform via an optimised stable quadrature rule, suitable for infinite-dimensional operators, whose error decreases like $\exp(-cN/\log(N))$ for $N$ quadrature points. The method is parallisable, avoids having to resolve singularities of the solution as $t\downarrow 0$, and avoids the large memory consumption that can be a challenge for time-stepping methods applied to time-fractional PDEs. The ODEs resulting from quadrature are solved using adaptive sparse spectral methods that converge exponentially with optimal linear complexity. These solutions of ODEs are reused for different times. We provide a complete analysis of our approach for fractional beam equations used to model small-amplitude vibration of viscoelastic materials with a fractional Kelvin-Voigt stress-strain relationship. We calculate the system's energy evolution over time and the surface deformation in cases of both constant and non-constant viscoelastic parameters. An infinite-dimensional ``solve-then-discretise'' approach considerably simplifies the analysis, which studies the generalisation of the numerical range of a quasi-linearisation of a suitable operator pencil. This allows us to build an efficient algorithm with explicit error control. The approach can be readily adapted to other time-fractional PDEs and is not constrained to fractional parameters in the range $0
On the Borel summability of formal solutions of certain higher-order linear ordinary differential equations
Creators: name: Nemes, Gergő
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34E05, 34E20, 34M25

description: We consider a class of $n^{\text{th}}$-order linear ordinary differential equations with a large parameter $u$. Analytic solutions of these equations can be described by (divergent) formal series in descending powers of $u$. We demonstrate that, given mild conditions on the potential functions of the equation, the formal solutions are Borel summable with respect to the parameter $u$ in large, unbounded domains of the independent variable. We establish that the formal series expansions serve as asymptotic expansions, uniform with respect to the independent variable, for the Borel re-summed exact solutions. Additionally, we show that the exact solutions can be expressed using factorial series in the parameter, and these expansions converge in half-planes, uniformly with respect to the independent variable. To illustrate our theory, we apply it to an $n^{\text{th}}$-order Airy-type equation.
description: 47 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Differential Equations. The exposition was improved based on the referee's comments
Beta deformed sigma model and strong deformation coupling limit
Creators: name: Viana, Eggon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the beta deformation of the superstring in $AdS_5\times S^5$ at all orders in the deformation parameter, using the pure spinor formalism. This is necessary to study the regime of strong deformation parameter, which in the field side is related to fishnet theories. We compare the pure spinor sigma model approach to the previously known supergravity description. We find a complete agreement. Moreover, the BRST structure of the worldsheet model provides a natural explanation of the peculiar features of the worldsheet model in the fishnet limit. In particular, we study the degeneracy of the sigma model Lagrangian. We show that the BRST structure is responsible for a particularly "tame" degeneration of the fishnet sigma-model.
description: LaTeX, 32 pp; v2: small corrections, improvements
The Poisoning of Fort Ord: Veterans' Perspectives on Institutional Accountability
Creators: name: Reinhart, Caroline
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Military base closures--Environmental aspects
subject: United States Army Training Center, Infantry (Fort Ord, Calif.)
subject: Environmental policy
subject: Drinking water--Contamination

description: This honors thesis explores how veterans navigate military-caused pollution and the institutions responsible for poisoning the people and environment. Because there are loopholes in environmental legislation, the military is often exempt from the same regulations other corporations and industries are subject to. Their argument for this is to accomplish the goal of national security. Nevertheless, national security cannot be achieved without a sustainable environment for human welfare benefits. This work aims to understand the history behind military pollution and how veterans who have been personally impacted deal with the consequences. This thesis’ research questions are the following: 1) How do veterans reconcile a reality that was part and parcel of life on a military base that poisoned rather than protected them? 2) How does a veteran navigate military pollution and decipher which institutions should be held responsible for the resulting health consequences? Better understanding a veteran’s identity can help reveal how they still have a deep love for the military even when they have been diagnosed with a life-threatening health concern decades afterward or have lost a loved one. This information shows the ways in which veterans come to terms with what institution is responsible for their ailment. Based on this research, more public awareness around the issue of military pollution and institutional accountability is required for effective legislative action to be enacted.
Analytic Minkowski Functionals of the Cosmic Microwave Background: Second-order Non-Gaussianity with Bispectrum and Trispectrum
Creators: name: Matsubara, Takahiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytic formulas of Minkowski functionals in two-dimensional random fields are derived, including effects of second-order non-Gaussianity in the presence of both the bispectrum and trispectrum. The set of formulas provides a promising method to constrain the primordial non-Gaussianity of the universe by temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation. In a case of local-type non-Gaussianity, the Minkowski functionals are analytically given by powers of quadratic and cubic parameters, $f_{\rm NL}$ and $g_{\rm NL}$. Our formulas are not restricted to this particular model, and applicable to a wide class of non-Gaussian models. The analytic formulas are compared to numerical evaluations from non-Gaussian realizations of temperature maps, showing very good agreements.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Prospects of higher-order Laguerre Gauss modes in future gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Chelkowski, Simon
name: Hild, Stefan
name: Freise, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of higher-order Laguerre Gauss (LG) modes in large-scale gravitational wave detectors has recently been proposed. In comparison to the fundamental mode, some higher-order Laguerre Gauss modes can significantly reduce the contribution of coating Brownian noise. Using frequency domain simulations we give a detailed analysis of the longitudinal and angular control signals derived with a LG33 mode in comparison to the fundamental TEM00 mode. The performance regarding interferometric sensing and control of the LG33 mode is found to be similar, if not even better in all aspects of interest. In addition, we evaluate the sensitivity gain of the implementation of LG33 modes into the Advanced Virgo instrument. Our analysis shows that the application of the LG33 mode results in a broadband improvement of the Advanced Virgo sensitivity, increasing the potential detection rate of binary neutron star inspirals by a factor 2.1.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
The Standard Model from String Theory: What Have We Learned?
Creators: name: Marchesano, Fernando
name: Shiu, Gary
name: Weigand, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amidst all candidates of physics beyond the Standard Model, string theory provides a unique proposal for incorporating gauge and gravitational interactions. In string theory, a four-dimensional theory that unifies quantum mechanics and gravity is obtained automatically if one posits that the additional dimensions predicted by the theory are small and curled up, a concept known as compactification. The gauge sector of the theory is specified by the topology and geometry of the extra dimensions, and the challenge is to reproduce all the features of the Standard Model of Particle Physics from them. We review the state-of-the-art in reproducing the Standard Model from string compactifications, together with the lessons drawn from this fascinating quest. We describe novel scenarios and mechanisms that string theory provides to address some of the Standard Model puzzles, as well as the most frequent signatures of new physics that could be detected in future experiments. We finally comment on recent developments that connect, in a rather unexpected way, the Standard Model with Quantum Gravity, and that may change our field theory notion of naturalness.
description: 38 pages, 1 figure; v2 some improvements and references added
Improving PSF modelling for weak gravitational lensing using new methods in model selection
Creators: name: Rowe, Barnaby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple theoretical framework for the description and interpretation of spatially correlated modelling residuals is presented, and the resulting tools are found to provide a useful aid to model selection in the context of weak gravitational lensing. The description is focused upon the specific problem of modelling the spatial variation of a telescope point spread function (PSF) across the instrument field of view, a crucial stage in lensing data analysis, but the technique may be used to rank competing models wherever data are described empirically. As such it may, with further development, provide useful extra information when used in combination with existing model selection techniques such as the Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria, or the Bayesian evidence. Two independent diagnostic correlation functions are described and the interpretation of these functions demonstrated using a simulated PSF anisotropy field. The efficacy of these diagnostic functions as an aid to the correct choice of empirical model is then demonstrated by analyzing results for a suite of Monte Carlo simulations of random PSF fields with varying degrees of spatial structure, and it is shown how the diagnostic functions can be related to requirements for precision cosmic shear measurement. The limitations of the technique, and opportunities for improvements and applications to fields other than weak gravitational lensing, are discussed.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures. Modified to match version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Geometric inhibition of superflow in single-layer graphene suggests a staggered-flux superconductivity in bilayer and trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyao
name: Jiang, Ruoshi
name: Shen, Xingchen
name: Huang, Xiaomo
name: Jiang, Qing-Dong
name: Ku, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In great contrast to the numerous discoveries of superconductivity in layer-stacked graphene systems, the absence of superconductivity in the simplest and cleanest monolayer graphene remains a big puzzle. Here, through realistic computation of electronic structure, we identify a systematic trend that superconductivity appears to emerge only upon alteration of the low-energy electronic lattice from the underlying honeycomb atomic structure. We then demonstrate that this inhibition can result from from geometric frustration of the bond lattice that disables quantum phase coherence of the order parameter residing on it. In comparison, upon deviating from the honeycomb lattice, relief of geometric frustration allows robust superfluidity with non-trivial spatial structure. For the specific examples of bilayer and trilayer graphene under an external electric field, such bond centered order parameter would develop superfluidity with staggered flux that breaks the time-reversal symmetry. Our study also suggests the possible realization of the long-sought superconductivity in single-layer graphene via the application of uni-directional strain.
First investigation on the isomeric ratio in multinucleon transfer reactions: Entrance channel effects on the spin distribution
Creators: name: Kumar, D.
name: Dickel, T.
name: Zadvornaya, A.
name: Beliuskin, O.
name: Kankainen, A.
name: Constantin, P.
name: Purushothaman, S.
name: Spataru, A.
name: Stryjczyk, M.
name: Ayoubi, L. Al
name: Brunet, M.
name: Canete, L.
name: Delafosse, C.
name: de Groote, R. P.
name: de Roubin, A.
name: Eronen, T.
name: Ge, Z.
name: Gins, W.
name: Hornung, C.
name: Hukkanenc, M.
name: Sison, A. Illana
name: Jokinen, A.
name: Kahl, D.
name: Kindler, B.
name: Lommel, B.
name: Mardor, I.
name: Moore, I. D.
name: Nesterenko, D. A.
name: Nichita, D.
name: Nikas, S.
name: Ortiz-Cortes, A.
name: Penttilä, H.
name: Podolyák, Zs.
name: Pohjalainen, I.
name: Raggio, A.
name: Reponen, M.
name: Rinta-Antila, S.
name: Romero, J.
name: Vilen, M.
name: Virtanen, V.
name: Weaver, A.
name: Winfield, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multinucleon transfer (MNT) reaction approach was successfully employed for the first time to measure the isomeric ratios (IRs) of $^{211}$Po (25/2$^+$) isomer and its (9/2$^+$) ground state at the IGISOL facility using a 945 MeV $^{136}$Xe beam impinged on $^{209}$Bi and $^{\rm nat}$Pb targets. The dominant production of isomers compared to the corresponding ground states was consistently revealed in the $α$-decay spectra. Deduced IR of $^{211}$Po populated through the $^{136}$Xe+$^{\rm nat}$Pb reaction was found to enhance $\approx$1.8-times than observed for $^{136}$Xe+$^{209}$Bi. State-of-the-art Langevin-type model calculations have been utilized to estimate the spin distribution of an MNT residue. The computations qualitatively corroborate with the considerable increase in IRs of $^{211}$Po produced from $^{136}$Xe+$^{\rm nat}$Pb compared to $^{136}$Xe+$^{209}$Bi. Theoretical investigations indicate a weak influence of target spin on IRs. The enhancement of the $^{211}$Po isomer in the $^{136}$Xe+$^{\rm nat}$Pb over $^{136}$Xe+$^{209}$Bi can be attributed to the different proton ($p$)-transfer production routes. Estimations demonstrate an increment in the angular momentum transfer, favorable for isomer production, with increasing projectile energy. Comparative analysis indicates the two entrance channel parameters, projectile mass and $p$-transfer channels, strongly influencing the population of the high-spin isomer of $^{211}$Po (25/2$^+$). This is the first experimental and theoretical investigation on the IRs of nuclei produced via different channels of MNT reactions, with the latter quantitatively underestimating the former by a factor of two.
description: 5 figures
Periodic homogenization of geometric equations without perturbed correctors
Creators: name: Jang, Jiwoong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B10, 35B27, 35B40, 35D40

description: Proving homogenization has been a subtle issue for geometric equations due to the discontinuity when the gradient vanishes. A sufficient condition for periodic homogenization using perturbed correctors is suggested in the literature [3] to overcome this difficulty. However, some noncoercive equations do not satisfy this condition. In this note, we prove homogenization of geometric equations without using perturbed correctors, and therefore we conclude homogenization for the noncoercive equations. Also, we provide a rate of periodic homogenization of coercive geometric equations by utilizing the fact that they remain coercive under perturbation. We also present an example that homogenizes with a rate slower than $Ω(\varepsilon)$.
description: 34 pages. Subsection 1.3 is added, and other changes are made by following the review reports