cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Making the American Secular: An Ethnographic Study of Organized Nonbelievers and Secular Activists in the United States
Creators: Blankholm, Joseph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Irreligion
subject: Irreligion and sociology
subject: Ethnology--Religious aspects
subject: Atheists
subject: Religion
subject: Ethnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: In recent years, the number, size, and budgets of America's nonbeliever organizations have all grown. Though these groups participate in avowedly "secular" coalitions, they relate to religion in diverse ways that the scholars who study them have thus far overlooked. Some groups want nothing to do with religion, some seek to emulate it, and others are avowedly religious. This dissertation is an ethnographic study of the leaders and activists who run these groups and promote secularism. Relying on sixty-five in-depth interviews with group leaders and members, as well as more than two years of participant observation, it situates organized nonbelief within the evolving landscape of American religion. Because existing studies have mapped nonbeliever groups onto a polarized secular/religious spectrum, they have failed to account for the religious diversity within the secular. To make it legible, I argue for a rhizomatic framework that attends to the many different ways in which organized nonbelievers imagine the secular/religious boundary and their relationship to it.
      Working from the discipline of Religious Studies, I unite two emerging fields that have thus far stood apart: the social scientific study of nonbelievers and the study of the secular and secularism. Drawing from recent theoretical work on the secular, I argue for a more nuanced understanding of the secular/religious boundary, and I demonstrate how it shifts over time and across groups. Drawing from my ethnographic and historical research, I argue for a new framework that can account for the everyday forms of secularism that bear little resemblance to the pervasive, structuring condition described by theorists. In turn, I argue that scholars should adopt a more reflexive approach that acknowledges their entanglement in making the American secular.
Fluctuation theorem for stochastic dynamics
Creators: name: Kurchan, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuation theorem of Gallavotti and Cohen holds for finite systems undergoing Langevin dynamics. In such a context all non-trivial ergodic theory issues are by-passed, and the theorem takes a particularly simple form. As a particular case, we obtain a nonlinear fluctuation-dissipation theorem valid for equilibrium systems perturbed by arbitrarily strong fields.
description: 15 pages, a section rewritten
4MOST Consortium Survey 8: Cosmology Redshift Survey (CRS)
Creators: name: Richard, J.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Blake, C.
name: Raichoor, A.
name: Comparat, J.
name: Shanks, T.
name: Sorce, J.
name: Sahlén, M.
name: Howlett, C.
name: Tempel, E.
name: McMahon, R.
name: Bilicki, M.
name: Roukema, B.
name: Loveday, J.
name: Pryer, D.
name: Buchert, T.
name: Zhao, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 4MOST Cosmology Redshift Survey (CRS) will perform stringent cosmological tests via spectroscopic clustering measurements that will complement the best lensing, cosmic microwave background and other surveys in the southern hemisphere. The combination of carefully selected samples of bright galaxies, luminous red galaxies, emission-line galaxies and quasars, totalling about 8 million objects over the redshift range $z = 0.15$ to $3.5$, will allow definitive tests of gravitational physics. Many key science questions will be addressed by combining CRS spectra of these targets with data from current or future facilities such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, the Square Kilometre Array and the Euclid mission.
description: Part of the 4MOST issue of The Messenger, published in preparation of the 4MOST Community Workshop, see http://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2019/4MOST.html
MOESM1 of Level of knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation: a community-based study from Karachi, Pakistan
Creators: name: Khalid, Farah
name: Khalid, Abdullah
name: Danish Muneeb
name: Shabir, Asma
name: Daniya Fayyaz
name: Madiha Khan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire used for collecting data.
Μαθήματα γεφυρωτικής: παραδοθέντα κατά το σχολικόν έτος 1890-91
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Στρατιωτικόν Σχολείον Ευελπίδων
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bridges Design and construction

description: 316 σ.
Symmetric vacuum scalar--tensor cosmology
Creators: name: Lidsey, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of point symmetries in the cosmological field equations of generalized vacuum scalar--tensor theories is considered within the context of the spatially homogeneous cosmologies. It is found that such symmetries only occur in the Brans--Dicke theory when the dilaton field self--interacts. Moreover, the interaction potential of the dilaton must take the form of a cosmological constant. For the spatially flat, isotropic model, it is shown how this point symmetry may be employed to generate a discrete scale factor duality in the Brans--Dicke action.
description: 10 pages, latex, To appear in Class. Quantum Grav
Planning for closure in the post-industrial age : a proposed framework for building more sustainable mining communities
Creators: name: Roberts, Stephen A.
name: Veiga, Marcello M. (Marcello Mariz)
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The focus of mine closure policies and practice in British Columbia has undergone considerable change since the first closure laws were enacted in the late 1960s. Even though the technical standards for determining a successful mine reclamation project have risen considerably over the past three decades, the public's growing hostility toward the industry suggests that expectations have risen even faster. With terms such as "ecological footprint", "carrying capacity", and "sustainability" becoming part of the language of everyday discourse, the mining industry is under enormous pressure to demonstrate that mine closure and reclamation practices are consistent with the public's increasingly sophisticated understanding of what constitutes sustainable development. In response the mining industry has begun to integrate sustainability principles into their operational and closure planning, but developing a framework for measuring actual system performance remains elusive. Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) provide a tool for identifying and measuring progress toward sustainability but a problem with many of the commonly used indicators is that they were developed by experts for experts and as a result fail to resonate with the public. With a more pluralistic, inclusive selection process SDIs have the potential to significantly alter the public's perception that mining is antithetical to the concept of sustainability. The authors conclude by proposing a framework for creating indicators of reclaimed areas that utilizes a heuristic model to integrate technical and ecological data with local knowledge. This model would assist reclamation planners in determining which indicators are critical in shaping the opinions of the different stakeholder groups.
Amblyscirtes florus
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Shen, Jinhui
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Amblyscirtes
Amblyscirtes florus

description: Amblyscirtes florus (Godman, 1900), revised combination
 Stomyles florus Godman, 1900 (type locality Mexico: Nayarit), currently in Repens Evans, 1955 (type species Repens repens Evans, 1955), is not monophyletic with its type species and instead is sister to Amblyscirtes Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia vialis W. H. Edwards, 1862) (Fig. 13), of which Stomyles Scudder, 1872 (type species Pyrgus textor Hübner, [1831], currently a junior subjective synonym of Hesperia aesculapius Fabricius, 1793) is a subgenus. Attributed to Amblyscirtes by Hoffmann (1941) and reaffirmed in this genus by Evans (1955) due to phenotypic similarities (Evans 1955), it was then placed in Repens by Warren et al. (1998). Here, we return it to its nearly original genus as Amblyscirtes florus (Godman, 1900), revised combination.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V., 2022, Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), pp. 1-135 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (921) on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6392056
title: Refractive Index Dependent Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions
Creators: name: Berger, Kai
name: Ihrke, Ivo
name: Magnor, Marcus
Publisher: name: Institut für Computergraphik
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Oberflächenreflektanzverhalten in variierenden Umgebungsmedien
subject: BRDFs
subject: Refractive Index
subject: Surface Reflections
subject: 006

description: Wir untersuchen die Wirkung des Eintauchens von realen Materialien in Medien mit unterschiedlichem Brechindex. In der Theorie sollte das Reflektanz-Verhalten eines Materials, das in den umgebenden Medien mit unterschiedlichen Brechungsindizes eingetaucht wird,durch die Fresnel-Gleichungen vorhergesagt werden. Wie wir jedoch zeigen, folgt nur eine Unterklasse von Materialien diesem theoretischen Modell. In der Realität zeigen viele Materialien unerwartete Effekte wie stärker lokalisierte Highlights oder eine deutliche Zunahme von spekularer Reflexion durch Mikrogeometrie. In unseren Experimenten haben wir herausgefunden, dass diese Effekte ziemlich stark variieren, und keines der bestehenden BRDF-Modelle das realistisch wiedergeben. Wir schlagen ein neues, parametrisches Modell vor, dass den Brechungsindex berücksichtigt. Wir fitten unsere Messergebnisse an das Modell und erhalten so Parameter zur Beschreibung der Reflektanz verschiedener Medien.
description: We investigate the effect of immersing real-world materials into media of different refractive indices. In theory, the reflective and transmissive behavior of a material that is immersed into surrounding media with different refractive indices should be predicted by the Fresnel equations. However, as we show, %\todo{Ivo}{} only a subclass of materials follows this theoretical model. In reality, many materials exhibit unexpected effects such as stronger localized highlights or a significant increase in the glossy reflection due to microgeometry. In our experiments we found that the variation of these effects can be quite strong, and none of the existing BRDF models realistically reproduce these effects seen in reality. We propose a new, parametric model that takes refractive index changes into account. We fit measurements of different materials and present results to demonstrate the importance of BRDF changes for submerged objects.
description: Technical Report - Computer Graphics Lab, TU Braunschweig, vol. 2010-11-0
4MOST Consortium Survey 9: One Thousand and One Magellanic Fields (1001MC)
Creators: name: Cioni, M. -R. L.
name: Storm, J.
name: Bell, C. P. M.
name: Lemasle, B.
name: Niederhofer, F.
name: Bestenlehner, J. M.
name: Youssoufi, D. El
name: Feltzing, S.
name: González-Fernández, C.
name: Grebel, E. K.
name: Hobbs, D.
name: Irwin, M.
name: Jablonka, P.
name: Koch, A.
name: Schnurr, O.
name: Schmidt, T.
name: Steinmetz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The One Thousand and One Magellanic Fields (1001MC) survey aims to measure the kinematics and elemental abundances of many different stellar populations that sample the history of formation and interaction of the Magellanic Clouds. The survey will collect spectra of about half a million stars with $G < 19.5$ magnitudes (Vega) distributed over an area of about 1000 square degrees and will provide an invaluable dataset for a wide range of scientific applications.
description: Part of the 4MOST issue of The Messenger, published in preparation of the 4MOST Community Workshop, see http://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2019/4MOST.html
Excavations on a Romano-British Site, Wiggonholt, 1964
Creators: name: Evans, K Jane
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 112, 97-151
description: The hundred-acre tongue of land, mostly in the parish of Wiggonholt, between the River Arun and its tributary the Stor is considered as one complex; the 1964 excavations along the line of the new road, together with previous finds, in particular the Christian font, are discussed within the context of the surrounding countryside. In the mid to late 1st century the site was extensively settled, particularly the S. half, where in the early 2nd century there was a pottery kiln making flagons. A stone bath-house (excavated 1937-9) was found to have a late 4th century extension, the coinage series taking occupation up to 376 AD. A metal working site in the N. half, 3rd to 4th century in date, was investigated. An amended course for the Roman road W. of the Arun to Hardham is given.
4MOST Consortium Survey 10: The Time-Domain Extragalactic Survey (TiDES)
Creators: name: Swann, E.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Carrick, J.
name: Hoenig, S.
name: Hook, I.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Maguire, K.
name: McMahon, R.
name: Nichol, R.
name: Smartt, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Time-Domain Extragalactic Survey (TiDES) is focused on the spectroscopic follow-up of extragalactic optical transients and variable sources selected from forthcoming large sky surveys such as that from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). TiDES contains three sub-surveys: (i) spectroscopic observations of supernova-like transients; (ii) comprehensive follow-up of transient host galaxies to obtain redshift measurements for cosmological applications; and (iii) repeat spectroscopic observations to enable the reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei. Our simulations predict we will be able to classify transients down to $r = 22.5$ magnitudes (AB) and, over five years of 4MOST operations, obtain spectra for up to 30,000 live transients to redshift $z \sim 0.5$, measure redshifts for up to 50,000 transient host galaxies to $z \sim 1$ and monitor around 700 active galactic nuclei to $z \sim 2.5$.
description: Part of the 4MOST issue of The Messenger, published in preparation of the 4MOST Community Workshop, see http://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2019/4MOST.html
Exact Estimates for Moments of Random Bilinear Forms
Creators: name: Ibragimov, R.
name: Sharakhmetov, Sh.
name: Cecen, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60E15, 60F25, 60G50

description: The present paper concentrates on the analogues of Rosenthal's inequalities for ordinary and decoupled bilinear forms in symmetric random variables. More specifically, we prove the exact moment inequalities for these objects in terms of moments of their individual components. As a corollary of these results we obtain the explicit expressions for the best constant in the analogues of Rosenthal's inequality for ordinary and decoupled bilinear forms in identically distributed symmetric random variables in the case of the fixed number of random variables.
description: 28 pages; To be published in the Journal of Theoretical Probability; minor changes have been made
Homogeneous symmetrical threshold model with nonconformity: independence vs. anticonformity
Creators: name: Nowak, Bartłomiej
name: Sznajd-Weron, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two variants of the modified Watts threshold model with a noise (with nonconformity, in the terminology of social psychology) on a complete graph. Within the first version, a noise is introduced via so-called independence, whereas in the second version anticonformity plays the role of a noise, which destroys the order. The modified Watts threshold model, studied here, is homogeneous and posses an up-down symmetry, which makes it similar to other binary opinion models with a single-flip dynamics, such as the majority-vote and the q-voter models. Because within the majority-vote model with independence only continuous phase transitions are observed, whereas within the q-voter model with independence also discontinuous phase transitions are possible, we ask the question about the factor, which could be responsible for discontinuity of the order parameter. We investigate the model via the mean-field approach, which gives the exact result in the case of a complete graph, as well as via Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, we provide a heuristic reasoning, which explains observed phenomena. We show that indeed, if the threshold r = 0.5, which corresponds to the majority-vote model, an order-disorder transition is continuous. Moreover, results obtained for both versions of the model (one with independence and the second one with anticonformity) give the same results, only rescaled by the factor of 2. However, for r > 0.5 the jump of the order parameter and the hysteresis is observed for the model with independence, and both versions of the model give qualitatively different results.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Complexity
High-resolution Photoemission Study of Cd2Re2O7
Creators: name: Irizawa, A.
name: Higashiya, A.
name: Kasai, S.
name: Sasabayashi, T.
name: Shigemoto, A.
name: Sekiyama, A.
name: Imada, S.
name: Suga, S.
name: Sakai, H.
name: Ohno, H.
name: Kato, M.
name: Yoshimura, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution bulk-sensitive photoemission has been measured for pyrochlore oxide Cd2Re2O7. Temperature variations of the spectral shapes between 20 and 250 K are obviously observed for the Re 4f inner core and the valence band spectra. The Re 5d states are dominant for the DOS near the Fermi level.
description: 4 pages, 3 ps figures, To appear in proceedings of SCES 2002 (Krakow)
Lepton flavour and lepton number violation prospects at Belle II
Creators: name: Rostomyan, Armine
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: 27th International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions, SUSY 2019, Corpus Christi, Texas, College of Science and Engineering, USA, 20 May 2019 - 24 May 2019
Effect of a magnetic field on the thermodynamic uncertainty relation
Creators: name: Chun, Hyun-Myung
name: Fischer, Lukas P.
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides a universal lower bound on the product of entropy production and the fluctuations of any current. While proven for Markov dynamics on a discrete set of states and for overdamped Langevin dynamics, its status for underdamped dynamics is still open. We consider a two-dimensional harmonically confined charged particle in a magnetic field under the action of an external torque. We show analytically that, depending on the sign of the magnetic field, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation does not hold for the currents associated with work and heat. A strong magnetic field can effectively localize the particle with concomitant bounded fluctuations and low dissipation. Numerical results for a three-dimensional variant and for further currents suggest that the existence of such a bound depends crucially on the specific current.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures (v2) Sec.III is revised. Fig.1 is updated
Additional file 1: of Microbial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of wound infection in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis of laboratory-based cross-sectional studies
Creators: name: Mekonnen Sisay
name: Teshager Worku
name: Dumessa Edessa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Completed PRISMA checklist: The checklist highlights the important components addressed while conducting systematic review and meta-analysis from observational studies (DOC 66 kb)
Making the Old New Again and Again: Legitimation and Innovation in the Tibetan Buddhist Chöd Tradition
Creators: Sorensen, Michelle Janet
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Religion
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Asians

description: My dissertation offers a revisionary history of the early development of Chöd, a philosophy and practice that became integral to all Tibetan Buddhist schools. Recent scholars have interpreted Chöd ahistorically, considering it as a shamanic tradition consonant with indigenous Tibetan practices. In contrast, through a study of the inception, lineages, and praxis of Chöd, my dissertation argues that Chöd evolved through its responses to particular Buddhist ideas and developments during the "later spread" of Buddhism in Tibet. I examine the efforts of Machik Labdrön (1055-1153), the founder of Chöd and the first woman to develop a Buddhist tradition in Tibet, simultaneously to legitimate her teachings as authentically Buddhist and to differentiate them from those of male charismatic teachers. In contrast to the prevailing scholarly view which exoticizes central Chöd practices--such as the visualized offering of the body to demons--I examine them as a manifestation of key Buddhist tenets from the Prajñaparamita corpus and Vajrayana traditions on the virtue of generosity, the problem of ego-clinging, and the ontology of emptiness. Finally, my translation and discussion of the texts of the Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorjé (1284-1339), including the earliest extant commentary on a text of Machik Labdrön's, focuses on new ways to appreciate the transmission and institutionalization of Chöd. I argue not only that Chöd praxis has been an ongoing project of innovation and renewal, but also that we can properly understand modern incarnations of Chöd only through a nuanced appreciation of its historical and philosophical developments.
Additional file 1: of Dating app use and unhealthy weight control behaviors among a sample of U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Tran, Alvin
name: Suharlim, Christian
name: Mattie, Heather
name: Davison, Kirsten
name: Agénor, Madina
name: S. Austin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Adjusted Odds of UWCBs among adults in the Harvard Chan Physical Activity Study (N = 1726)* (PDF 25 kb)
Pentaquark and Tetraquark states
Creators: name: Liu, Yan-Rui
name: Chen, Hua-Xing
name: Chen, Wei
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past seventeen years have witnessed tremendous progress on the experimental and theoretical explorations of the multiquark states. The hidden-charm and hidden-bottom multiquark systems were reviewed extensively in [Phys. Rept. 639 (2016) 1-121]. In this article, we shall update the experimental and theoretical efforts on the hidden heavy flavor multiquark systems in the past three years. Especially the LHCb collaboration not only confirmed the existence of the hidden-charm pentaquarks but also provided strong evidence of the molecular picture. Besides the well-known $XYZ$ and $P_c$ states, we shall discuss more interesting tetraquark and pentaquark systems either with one, two, three or even four heavy quarks. Some very intriguing states include the fully heavy exotic tetraquark states $QQ\bar Q\bar Q$ and doubly heavy tetraquark states $QQ\bar q \bar q$, where $Q$ is a heavy quark. The $QQ\bar Q\bar Q$ states may be produced at LHC while the $QQ\bar q \bar q$ system may be searched for at BelleII and LHCb. Moreover, we shall pay special attention to various theoretical schemes. We shall emphasize the model-independent predictions of various models which are truly/closely related to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). There have also accumulated many lattice QCD simulations through multiple channel scattering on the lattice in recent years, which provide deep insights into the underlying structure/dynamics of the $XYZ$ states. In terms of the recent $P_c$ states, the lattice simulations of the charmed baryon and anti-charmed meson scattering are badly needed. We shall also discuss some important states which may be searched for at BESIII, BelleII and LHCb in the coming years.
description: Long review invited by Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 153 pages. References added, comments and suggestions welcome
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
Creators: Coleman, IV, William M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby demonstrating the viability of New Policy reforms and challenging the idea that the late Qing was a failed state. Finally, I posit that despite almost two decades of political, economic, and social upheaval in the post-Qing period, Nationalist officials' ability to repel central Tibetan attempts to assert their authority over Batang while effectively denying multiple movements for autonomous self-rule by local Batang political activists who were also Nationalist Party representatives directly contributed to Batang's incorporation into the Nationalist state. This analysis of Batang's transition from an imperial domain of the Qing Empire to a county in the newly created province of Xikang in 1939 highlights China's desultory and still incomplete transition from empire to nation.
Making the Modern Slum: Housing, Mobility, and Poverty in Bombay and its Peripheries
Creators: Chhabria, Sheetal
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: History
South Asia
South Asians

description: This dissertation examines the formation of urban poverty and slums which have long stigmatized South Asian cities. It focuses on the emergence of markets in housing through the 19th and early 20th centuries in Bombay primarily, and Karachi and Aden secondarily. It is the first historical study of slums, or poor and stigmatized housing, in colonial Western India. It critically engages with the terms of global urban modernity and the historiography of colonialism in South Asia, challenging the broader nationalist frames in which scholars have understood South Asia's poverty. While this is not a comparative project, the dissertation interrogates many of the implicit and explicit comparative claims that have been made about colonial cities and their legibility in the discourse on global slums. Housing was a visible marker of inequality on the urban landscape and therefore a useful site through which to examine the changing relations between migrants and settlers, laborers and capitalists, and society and the state. The changing political economy of Western India resulted in a laboring and urban poor whose housing issues became productive of regional, colonial, and national difference. By following circular migrants across city and country, this study builds on the subcontinent's Early Modern history of a pervasive rural-urban continuum of human networks. Everyday workers used their mobility and habitation practices to negotiate a changing world, bringing cities like Bombay, Karachi, and Aden into their routes of mobility to earn a livelihood. Increased opportunities combined with the intensification of production, market crises, growing demographic pressures on the land, and the spread of indebtedness to produce and reproduce inequality. This dissertation also compares the subsequent management of the urban poverty problem in cities across Western India, which heightened concerns over public health and sanitation. Newly financed poor housing initiatives sought to correct these at the turn of the century, but their limitations made modern slums. By addressing the eventual obfuscation of the once-transitioned status of the modern slum-dweller, this study delineates the bases for the conceptualization of a distinctive third world poverty and urban form.
Higher-order Topology of Axion Insulator EuIn$_2$As$_2$
Creators: name: Xu, Yuanfeng
name: Song, Zhida
name: Wang, Zhijun
name: Weng, Hongming
name: Dai, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we propose that EuIn$_2$As$_2$ is a long awaited axion insulator with antiferromagnetic (AFM) long range order. Characterized by the parity-based invariant $\mathbb Z_4=2$, the topological magneto-electric effect is quantized with $θ=π$ in the bulk, with a band gap as large as 0.1 eV. When the staggered magnetic moment of the AFM phase is along $a/b$ axis, it's also a TCI phase. Gapless surface states emerge on (100), (010) and (001) surfaces, protected by mirror symmetries (nonzero mirror Chern numbers). When the magnetic moment is along $c$ axis, the (100) and (001) surfaces are gapped. As a consequence of a high-order topological insulator with $\mathbb Z_4=2$, the one-dimensional (1D) chiral state can exist on the hinge between those gapped surfaces. We have calculated both the topological surface states and hinge state in different phases of the system, respectively, which can be detected by ARPES or STM experiments.
Two-band random matrices
Creators: name: Kanzieper, E.
name: Freilikher, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral correlations in unitary invariant, non-Gaussian ensembles of large random matrices possessing an eigenvalue gap are studied within the framework of the orthogonal polynomial technique. Both local and global characteristics of spectra are directly reconstructed from the recurrence equation for orthogonal polynomials associated with a given random matrix ensemble. It is established that an eigenvalue gap does not affect the local eigenvalue correlations which follow the universal sine and the universal multicritical laws in the bulk and soft-edge scaling limits, respectively. By contrast, global smoothed eigenvalue correlations do reflect the presence of a gap, and are shown to satisfy a new universal law exhibiting a sharp dependence on the odd/even dimension of random matrices whose spectra are bounded. In the case of unbounded spectrum, the corresponding universal `density-density' correlator is conjectured to be generic for chaotic systems with a forbidden gap and broken time reversal symmetry.
description: 12 pages (latex), references added, discussion enlarged
Prospect for UV observations from the Moon. III. Assembly and ground calibration of Lunar Ultraviolet Cosmic Imager (LUCI)
Creators: name: Mathew, Joice
name: Nair, B. G.
name: Safonova, Margarita
name: Sriram, S.
name: Prakash, Ajin
name: Sarpotdar, Mayuresh
name: Ambily, S.
name: K., Nirmal
name: Sreejith, A. G.
name: Murthy, Jayant
name: Kamath, P. U.
name: Kathiravan, S.
name: Prasad, B. R.
name: Brosch, Noah
name: Kappelmann, Norbert
name: Gadde, Nirmal Suraj
name: Narayan, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lunar Ultraviolet Cosmic Imager (LUCI) is a near-ultraviolet (NUV) telescope with all-spherical mirrors, designed and built to fly as a scientific payload on a lunar mission with Team Indus - the original Indian entry to the Google Lunar X-Prize. Observations from the Moon provide a unique opportunity of a stable platform with an unobstructed view of the space at all wavelengths due to the absence of atmosphere and ionosphere. LUCI is an 80 mm aperture telescope, with a field of view of 27.6'x 20.4' and a spatial resolution of 5'', will scan the sky in the NUV (200-320 nm) domain to look for transient sources. We describe here the assembly, alignment, and calibration of the complete instrument. LUCI is now in storage in a class 1000 clean room and will be delivered to our flight partner in readiness for flight.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science. Added new references and corrected typo, in the updated version
The gatehouse of Pevensey Castle.
Creators: name: Chapman, Anthony
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 145, 97-118
description: Excavations in 1993--5 discovered a sequence of rebuilding the east wall of the keep of Pevensey Castle during the Middle Ages. Alongside the excavations, fabric surveys were carried out of the Roman walls, the keep and the medieval walls of the inner bailey. Certain results of the keep survey and excavation were included in the 1999 English Heritage guidebook; however, only a preliminary report on the gatehouse was produced from the survey of the medieval walls, and the paper provides a revised summary of that work, with some observations on the subsequent structural development of the castle through the thirteenth century. There are documentary and architectural contexts for the construction of the lower storeys of the gatehouse during the reign of Richard I.
Quantum Cosmology With Conformally Invariant Scalar Field
Creators: name: Lemos, Nivaldo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is in fact an Erratum to the paper published in Physics Letters A221 (1996) 359. The reduced-phase-space discussion remains essentially valid in spite of the fact that many equations are changed. However, the analysis based on the Wheeler-DeWitt equation should be very different from the one given in the paper, which must be disregarded.
description: 2 pages, LaTex. An algebraic error with serious consequences is corrected
Man Made: The (Re)Construction of Black Male Identity in Single-Sex Schooling
Creators: Nagarajan, Pavithra
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Masculinity
subject: African American boys--Education
subject: African American boys--Social conditions
subject: Single-sex schools

description: My dissertation examines how a single-sex school for boys of color in New York City (re)defines masculinity through organizational policies, practices, and messaging. I further study how black boys, sixth graders in particular, participate in and make sense of the school’s concept of masculinity. Lastly, I explore how boys’ define and understand masculinity and conceive of their identity and agency. I framed this dissertation within an expanded version of W.H. Sewell’s (1979) framework of structure and agency, amending the framework to include concepts of negotiation and identity. My study employs an interpretive, multi-modal qualitative design and integrates the following modes of inquiry: ethnography, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and photo elicitation narratives with students. My findings provide pedagogical and policy suggestions for enacting a model of single-sex schooling for black boys. I find that (the enactment of) school structures and boys’ understandings of school practices are conditioned by outside perceptions of black boys. I also find that although school, cultural, and disciplinary practices may be well intentioned, these practices may inadvertently reproduce the very structures that they attempt to circumvent by unintentionally reinforcing entrenched stereotypes about black boys. I further find that boys’ understandings of masculinity are not fully reflected in school practices, nor are they legible expressions of masculinity to school staff. The contributions of this dissertation enrich the conversation with prior theory about how organizational or school practices can affect change with students, what helps black boys learn best, and how black boys can possess masculinity that is as varied as it is complex. Lastly, my work extends and elaborates upon current theoretical understandings of the development of adolescent masculinity
The Seaboard Trade of Sussex, 1720-1845
Creators: name: Farrant, John H
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2021

description: Sussex Archaeological Collections, 114, 97-120
description: The volume of cargo-carrying commercial shipping which used the Sussex Ports (Rye, Newhaven, Shoreham, Arundel and Chichester) increased at least five fold between 1701 and 1789-90 and about three fold between 1789-90 and 1841 (when railway competition began). This represents an annual average growth rate of 2 to 2�%. Rates of growth varied substantially between ports. Coastal imports expanded relatively faster than other branches of trade, reflecting the decline of local self-sufficiency in foodstuffs and fuel. Foreign trade declined as a proportion of the whole. The average tonnage of vessels increased at least threefold, 1701-1841, thanks to harbour imporvements which began in the 1720s and are described. Commodities specifically discussed are corn, timber and underwood, coal, wool, hops, fish, iron, chalk, boulders, animal products, salt, stone and manufactured goods. The coasting trade with London is considered separately.
Additional file 1: of Technical feasibility of [18F]FET and [18F]FAZA PET guided radiotherapy in a F98 glioblastoma rat model
Creators: name: Verhoeven, Jeroen
name: Bolcaen, Julie
name: Meulenaere, Valerie
name: Kersemans, Ken
name: Descamps, Benedicte
name: Donche, Sam
name: Broecke, Caroline
name: Boterberg, Tom
name: Kalala, Jean-Pierre
name: Deblaere, Karel
name: Vanhove, Christian
name: Vos, Filip
name: Goethals, Ingeborg
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary data 1. Dose values for MRI based RT for the different rats. Dx stands for the dose that x % of the tissue volume received. Supplementary data 2. Dose values for PET/MRI-based RT with PET based sub-volume boosting. Dx stands for the dose that x % of the tissue volume received. Supplementary data 3. representative DVH of 5 Gy boost using a 1 × 1 mm2 collimator. The DVH shows that over 50% of the tissue volume received a dose of 5 Gy. Supplementary data 4. Overview of data obtained. ✓ means the scan was performed, ✕ means the scan was not obtained. Supplementary data 5. Overview tumor volumes (ccm) for all groups. The tumor volumes were based on the volumes of interest manually drawn based on the T1 weighted MRI. For the PET based volumes, a threshold of 60% maximum standardized uptake value was applied within the rat brain. Animals were euthanized when human endpoints were reached (> 20% weight loss, tumor volume > 40% of total brain volume based on MRI or signs of ataxia). (DOCX 249 kb)
4MOST Consortium Survey 7: Wide-Area VISTA Extragalactic Survey (WAVES)
Creators: name: Driver, S. P.
name: Liske, J.
name: Davies, L. J. M.
name: Robotham, A. S. G.
name: Baldry, I. K.
name: Brown, M. J. I.
name: Cluver, M.
name: Kuijken, K.
name: Loveday, J.
name: McMahon, R.
name: Meyer, M. J.
name: Norberg, P.
name: Owers, M.
name: Power, C.
name: Taylor, E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WAVES is designed to study the growth of structure, mass and energy on scales of ~1 kpc to ~10 Mpc over a 7 Gyr timeline. On the largest length scales (1-10 Mpc) WAVES will measure the structures defined by groups, filaments and voids, and their emergence over recent times. Comparisons with bespoke numerical simulations will be used to confirm, refine or refute the Cold Dark Matter paradigm. At intermediate length scales (10 kpc-1 Mpc) WAVES will probe the size and mass distribution of galaxy groups, as well as the galaxy merger rates, in order to directly measure the assembly of dark matter halos and stellar mass. On the smallest length scales (1-10 kpc) WAVES will provide accurate distance and environmental measurements to complement high-resolution space-based imaging to study the mass and size evolution of galaxy bulges, discs and bars. In total, WAVES will provide a panchromatic legacy dataset of ~1.6 million galaxies, firmly linking the very low ($z < 0.1$) and intermediate ($z \sim 0.8$) redshift Universe.
description: Part of the 4MOST issue of The Messenger, published in preparation of the 4MOST Community Workshop, see http://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2019/4MOST.html
Localization of elementary systems in the theory of Wigner
Creators: name: Ramacher, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 44A12, 22E70, 46L10, 81T10

description: Starting from Wigner's theory of elementary systems and following a recent approach of Schroer we define certain subspaces of localized wave functions in the underlying Hilbert space with the help of the theory of modular von-Neumann algebras of Tomita and Takesaki. We characterize the elements of these subspaces as boundary values of holomorphic functions in the sense of distribution theory and show that the corresponding holomorphic functions satisfy the sufficient conditions of the theorems of Paley-Wiener-Schwartz and Hörmander.
description: Latex2.09, 12 pages
Report on the assessment of the farm-level financial and socio-economic performance of selected MF/AF systems
Creators: name: Vergamini, Daniele
name: Thiesmeier, Alma Irma Maria
name: Schmutz, Ulrich
name: Bartolini, Fabio
Publisher: name: https://agromixproject.eu/
Year: 2022

description: Actors within the agri-food systems face risks due to changes in the climate, market, regulation, and socio- ecological conditions. The portfolio of functions maintained within Mixed Farming and Agroforestry (MF/AF) systems should help minimise risks. The objective of T5.1 is to understand the current diffusion of MF/AF as well as their socio-economic performance by using secondary data (i.e., FADN), giving the first characterisation to what extent MF/AF can contribute to the sustainability of agri-food systems at farm-level across Europe.

The theoretical model framing the MF/AF into the socio-technological system will be able to describe the simplification VS complexity decision making.

Our data show that de-mixing (a reduction of complexity, diversity, and mixed systems) is ongoing in many parts of Europe. The picture is, however, itself more diversified than assumed, with some areas getting still de-mixed, which were previously highly mixed (Eastern Europe), while others are, according to our data, not de-mixing and, on the contrary, gaining complexity and diversity, e.g., parts of Greece, Northern Portugal, Alpine/mountainous regions, certain European islands.

Our empirical analysis shows difficulties in classifying the MF/AF using the FADN data due to: a) adaptation of existing economic criteria to the system complexity of MF and b) the lack of data on the integration of forestry and agricultural practices; c) the lack of data to better understand forward supply chain integration. Due to their contribution to sustainability and CO2 emission mitigation, expanding attention to these systems would require advances in the FADN data collection procedure. The report proposes a classification based on an integrated system that can be used for the convention on Farm Sustainability Data Network for MF/AF.