cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
IDENTITY AND PROPAGANDA IN RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN HYBRID WARFARE
Creators: name: Pakhomenko, Sergii
name: Tryma, Catherine
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Western media and experts refer to the violation of the territorial integrity of Ukraine, and the armed conflict in the Donbas region as: the “Ukrainian crisis”. The term “hybrid warfare”, however, serves as a better designation for the series of actions conducted by Russia against Ukraine, as it provides a more comprehensive understanding of the causes, orientation and nature of these events. “Hybrid warfare” is a military strategy that combines conventional war, cyber war, and small war tactics. Some of the fundamental components of “hybrid warfare” include information dissemination, psychological actions, and cyber attacks aimed at both the physical and technological infrastructure of a state and its citizens1.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
Acetylation of alcohols and amines catalyzed by onion peel ashunder a base- and solvent-free condition
Creators: name: Poh Wai Chia
name: Poh Seng Chee
name: Mazlan, Noor Wini
name: Yong, Fu Siong Julius
name: Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini
name: Su-Yin Kan
Publisher: name: Research and Development Office, Prince of Songkla University
Year: 2020
Subjects: acetylation
alcohols
amines
onion peel ash
recyclable catalytic system

description: Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 42, 3, 602-607
PECULIARITIES OF RUSSIAN INFORMATION OPERATIONS
Creators: name: Arold, Uku
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: For an academic researcher it is not an easy task to define the information influence activities of the current Putin regime in a parsimonious way. Some of the obstacles are similar to the challenges that NATO and its nations face in adapting foreign policy, the military, and intelligence organisations in today’s era of globalised information. Other obstacles are uniquely Russian, derived from aspects of a worldview and codes of conduct dating back to Soviet Socialist and even to Czarist times, or spring from the peculiarities of a regnant regime. In this introductory article overview of the phenomenon of Russian information operations, the reasoning for a taxonomy referring to NATO terminology is provided in order to help readers categorise the findings of the following study papers in this volume. Methodological and empirical considerations specific for research on this partly amorphous subject area are discussed as well.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
Intraocular transmissible venereal tumors in dogs:A retrospective review of 21 cases
Creators: name: Natthanet Sritrakoon
name: Phudit Maneesaay
name: Chaiyan Kasorndorkbua
name: Supreeya Srisampan
Publisher: name: Research and Development Office, Prince of Songkla University
Year: 2020
Subjects: dog
eye
intraocular
transmissible venereal tumor

description: Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 42, 3, 608-614
INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE OF RUSSIAN INFORMATION WARFARE
Creators: name: Sazonov, Vladimir
name: Mölder, Holger
name: Saumets, Andres
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The German general, professor of political science, and progenitor of the Bundeswehr leadership concept of Innere Führung, Wolf Graf von Baudissin (1907−1993), reached a striking conclusion a result of his deliberations on the nature of war. He found that war is a spiritual activity by nature and the underlying reasons for war can be attributed to clashing worldview. In this conflict, the country or alliance of countries with the superior worldview will emerge victorious. Baudissin further proposed that the victor will be the western worldview. As bold as this assertion may be, the most surprising feature to emerge from his reflections is that Baudissin does not place any importance on armaments races or technological supremacy, but rather emphasized the mental dimensions of conflicts. Thus it is the smarter, and not the stronger who will win. In this war of worldviews, supremacy is achieved by adopting a correct leadership philosophy. Although Baudissin was reflecting on his own era, the developments that have occurred over the last decades confirm his theories with astonishing precision. It is therefore, possible to apply his findings to more recent conflicts as well. When considering that in the war between worldviews “only such armed forces will survive that are composed of free citizens and that operate in accordance with the democratic order of a state”.1 It becomes evident that a military organization must be aligned with traditional Western humanistic and democratic values of peace, freedom, and responsibility. It is only then can it achieve military superiority. A soldier is only as strong as the society that they defend. A society must be in harmony with its armed forces if a soldier is to be effective.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 2 (2016)
title: Antecedents of shame and guilt in self-control and harm
Creators: name: McGee, Darren Paul
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2016

description: There are three main theories of shame and guilt, each of which ascribe differing levels of social content to each emotion: the internal/external view, for example, posits that guilt is more internally located than shame, the act/person views posits the opposite, while the reciprocal/hierarchical view posits that these two emotions are both inherently social. A difficult challenge for these theories is that shame and guilt are both often felt in response to individual self-control failure. Six studies examined the relationship between self-report measures of shame and guilt, and self-control failure (e.g., studying, dieting, and self-nominated goal failure), testing the assumptions of the three aforementioned theoretical distinctions. Overall, the internal/external theory was supported: shame was shown to be less internalised than guilt, which was shown to be characterised by two independent forms of internalised concerns. Remarkably, one of these internalised forms of guilt was characterised by relational concerns: participants, for example, would "feel betrayed" or "cheated" if they failed at their dieting (or other self-selected dilemmas). This hinted at the possibility of a social, albeit distal, form of guilt, that perhaps reflected an internalisation of social relationships. To address this latter idea more directly, three studies examined the social nature of guilt (controlling for shame) in more objectively social contexts, involving harm related concerns. In support of the reciprocal/hierarchical theory, guilt was shown to be associated with interpersonal concerns while shame, consistent with the earlier six studies, was shown to be less internalised and associated with concerns relating to negative social comparisons. In addition to the internal/external and reciprocal/hierarchical theories, some support was also found for the act/person theory. A nested model of shame and guilt was proposed to integrate these apparently disparate theories of shame and guilt: specifically, the internal/external theory was suggested to be a good proximal explanation of shame and guilt in self-control; the act/person theory was suggested to be a good explanation for the outcomes of shame and guilt; and the reciprocal/hierarchical theory was suggested to be a good ultimate explanation of shame and guilt overall.
Lipid-bound apolipoproteins in tyrosyl radical-oxidized HDL stabilize ABCA1 like lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I
Creators: name: Hossain, Mohammad A.
name: Ngeth, Sereyrath
name: Chan, Teddy
name: Oda, Michael N.
name: Francis, Gordon A.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates the lipidation of exchangeable apolipoproteins, the rate-limiting step in the formation of high density lipoproteins (HDL). We previously demonstrated that HDL oxidized ex vivo by peroxidase-generated tyrosyl radical (tyrosylated HDL, tyrHDL) increases the availability of cellular cholesterol for efflux and reduces the development of atherosclerosis when administered to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice as compared to treatment with control HDL. Results: In the current study we determined that tyrHDL requires functional ABCA1 for this enhanced activity. Like lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), tyrHDL increases total and cell surface ABCA1, inhibits calpain-dependent and -independent proteolysis of ABCA1, and can be bound by cell surface ABCA1 in human skin fibroblasts. Additionally, tyrHDL apoproteins are susceptible to digestion by enteropeptidase like lipid-free apoA-I, but unlike lipid-bound apoA-I on HDL, which is resistant to proteolysis. Conclusions: These results provide the first evidence that lipid-bound apolipoproteins on the surface of spherical HDL particles can behave like lipid-free apoA-I to increase ABCA1 protein levels and activity.
RAAMATUARVUSTUS
Creators: name: Kopõtin, Igor
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Review of: Esimene maailmasõda ja Eesti. Eesti Ajalooarhiivi Toimetised (Acta et Commentationes Archivi Historici Estoniae) nr 22 (29). Koostanud Tõnu Tannberg. Tartu: Eesti Ajalooarhiiv, 2014, 415 lk, ISBN 978-9985-858-90-5.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 1 (2016)
SÕDIMISVÕIMELISE SÕDURI TÄHENDUSEST WOLF GRAF VON BAUDISSINI JÄRGI
Creators: name: Von Rosen, Claus Freiherr
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Combat power and fighting power (Kriegs- und Kampftüchtigkeit) are terms that are obvious in the armed forces and therefore they are hardly mentioned in the regulations and manuals of the Bundeswehr. However, in the 1950s, when the Bundeswehr was being established, the main issue discussed was whether future German soldiers should be able to fight in combat or they should be trained to defend peace and democratic core values in accordance with the ideas of leadership development and civic education (Innere Führung). The ideas of Wolf Graf von Baudissin, the developer of the concepts of the Bundeswehr Innere Führung, clearly indicate that combat power and fi ghting power do not involve only the formal properties of a military organization, in other words its physical and material „hardware”. Rather, the above domains comprise the „software” of an organization, involving its norms, attitude and readiness. This means the readiness and willingness of an individual soldier for combat and the ability to keep fighting, if necessary, to the death. Thus these concepts entail the core values of an individual – both then and today. This is an important part in educating „a soldier with high values, determined in his goals, able to handle his weapon, and mentally ready to respond rapidly”.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 1 (2016)
Cognitive factors and willingness to participate in an HIV vaccine trial among HIV-positive injection drug users
Creators: name: Dhalla, Shayesta
name: Poole, Gary
name: Singer, Joel
name: Patrick, David, (Physician)
name: Kerr, Thomas
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: There are gaps in our knowledge of the role cognitive factors play in determining people’s willingness to participate (WTP) in therapeutic HIV vaccine trials. Using a cross-sectional design in HIV-positive injection drug users (IDU), we determined the role of three cognitive factors: HIV treatment optimism, self-efficacy beliefs, and knowledge of vaccine trial concepts in relation to WTP in a hypothetical phase 3 therapeutic HIV vaccine trial. Willingness to participate was 54%. Participants tended to be low in HIV treatment optimism (mean = 3.9/10), high in self-efficacy (mean = 79.8/100), and low in knowledge (mean = 4.1/10). Items pertaining to HIV treatment optimism and knowledge of HIV vaccine trial concepts were generally unrelated to WTP. An increase in self-efficacy had a statistically significant positive association with WTP (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.04–2.46, p<0.05). Furthermore, most of these HIV-positive participants had high levels of self-efficacy, so we are most confident about this relationship at such levels.
New contributions to the identification of groups in nonparametric curves
Creators: name: Villanueva, Nora M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: nonparametric models
regression analysis
survival analysis
clustering curves
number of groups

description: Several problems in statistical inference can be considered as part of statistical mod- elling. The way to aboard inference problems leads to two different focus: parametric and nonparametric ones. Parametric models require assumptions about structure and distribu- tional form, unlike nonparametric models in which the model structure is not specified in advance but is instead determined from data. As nonparametric models are flexible, their applicability has gained increasing importance in widely diverse fields, such as medicine, biology end engineering and their development continue at an active pace today.

One of the main goals in nonparametric statistical modelling is to understand the de- pendence between a response variable and an explanatory variable through regression models. The comparison of these regression models has been widely investigated in the literature. This problem has also been abroad in many longitudinal medical studies in which is interesting to compare survival between patients. However, when the null hy- pothesis of equality of curves is rejected, ascertaining whether groups of curves can exist is still a challenge. Thus, the main objective of this dissertation is to determine groups of multiple survival curves and regression curves.

Regarding this, a new procedure is presented. Its performance is analysed through simulation studies and it is proved that is able to assign curves to their corresponding groups and to select the optimal number of them. Additionally, the method is illustrated using different real data applications. Finally, with the aim of making these methods available for their usage in real life problems by researchers, developers or stakeholders, an R package (clustcurv v2.0.1) has been developed which is freely available from the CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network).
AJATEENISTUSE KESKKOND KOHANEMISE TOETAJANA
Creators: name: Kattai, Karel
name: Kask, Kristjan
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The main goal of this study is to identify what factors influence a conscript’s adaption to their environment during their service in the Defence Forces. As a result suggestions will be made as to what improvements can be made to the environment. In order to achieve this goal, 72 representatives from different units were interviewed. The interviews took place in 2014. The results indicate that some of the important factors that impede accommodation or adaption include lack of information for conscripts, lack of privacy, the absence of friends and family members, the motivation, behaviour, and attitude of some of the superiors and instructors towards the conscripts, and the fact that the different abilities of the conscripts are not taken into consideration. In general, the environment is supportive for conscripts serving in the Defence Forces and for those conducting their service. It is important that conscripts who arrive in a new environment receive adequate information about what is expected of them during their time in the service. They should be granted adequate living conditions, and feel that they are requisite to the Defence Forces. Likewise they should feel valued and supported while they are adapting and during their active service.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 1 (2016)
RESEARCH REPORT: THE INITIAL RESULTS OF ADOPTING THE TRANSFORMATIONAL-TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP INVENTORY IN THE ESTONIAN CONTEXT
Creators: name: Kasemaa, Antek
name: Liik, Kadi
name: Meerits, Artur
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Transformational Leadership Behaviour Inventory (TLBI) (Podsakoff et al. 1990) and the Leader Reward and Punishment Questionnaire (LRPQ) (Podsakoff et al. 1984) as one transformational-transactional leadership instrument in the Estonian context. The sample group (N=797) consisted of military (N=373) and non-military (N=424) personnel who completed the Estonian versions of the TLBI & LRPQ scales. Both exploratory (EFA) and confi rmatory factor (CFA) analyses were used to analyse the data. The results validated the use of the original ten-dimensional structure: Articulating a Vision, Providing an Appropriate Model, Fostering the Acceptance of Group Goals, High Performance Expectations, Individualized Support, Intellectual Stimulation from the transformational leadership side and Contingent Reward behaviour, Contingent Punishment behaviour, Non-Contingent Punishment behaviour, Non-Contingent Reward behaviour from the transactional leadership side.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 1 (2016)
In vitro biological activities of Thunbergia laurifolia stemand leaf with reference to rosmarinic acid
Creators: name: Parichart Hongsing
name: Chanida Palanuvej
name: Nijsiri Ruangrungsi
Publisher: name: Research and Development Office, Prince of Songkla University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Thunbergia laurifolia
rosmarinic acid
reactive oxygen species
antioxidant activity

description: Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 42, 3, 615-620
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS IN MILITARY VOLUNTARY ORGANISATION: THE ESSENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS
Creators: name: Kiili, Silva
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: In recent years there has been increasing support from volunteers in providing vital public services. In Estonia some of the positions of the Rescue Service are manned by voluntary fi remen, the Police Forces are assisted by volunteers, and recently the Estonian Defence League has assumed responsibility for the territorial defence. The need to create a positive work environment for volunteers in order to achieve better job performance has increased the need to study the relationships between the volunteers and the organisations that they assist. In the last decade the concept of the psychological contract has become of interest to researchers
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 1 (2016)
GEOGRAPHIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE NATO JOINT EXPEDITIONARY MISSIONS
Creators: name: Sprivul, Andris
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Maps, geographical overviews and digital images provide valuable knowledge of a mission area and are intensively used for planning purposes at every level of command. The key features of a physical and cultural environment, derived from geospatial databases and maps, affect the entire spectrum of military activities at the strategic, operational and tactical levels. However, maps and geospatial1 data must be produced in advance in order to provide detailed information about an area of operations2 before an expeditionary operation can be deployed. Over the last decade, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) has been NATO’s largest and longest running operation and fulfilling its requirements have proved a challenge for NATO’s military geographic community. The extensive use of advanced technological equipment, as well as comprehensive and complex analyses has required precise geospatial data about Afghanistan.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 1 (2016)
"It's My Mom's Recipe, and She Got It From a Video:" How Food Videos are Changing Home Cooking Culture
Creators: name: Kim, Veronica
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Program in Writing and Rhetoric
food
cooking
videos

description: This essay won or received an honorable mention for The Boothe Prize for excellence in first-year writing. The Boothe Prize recognizes and rewards outstanding expository and argumentative writing by undergraduate students in the first-year Writing and Rhetoric classes, Integrated Learning Environments, and Thinking Matters programs. In each award-winning essay, student writers demonstrate clarity of argument, excellent integration of research-based evidence, and compelling prose style. In this essay, Veronica Kim first explores the history of cooking and cookbooks before transitioning into the recent boom of cooking videos on social media; she concludes her essay by emphasizing that these food videos need to start focusing on healthy cooking and changing perspectives about healthy food.
Aulophorus hymanae Naidu 1962
Creators: name: Righi, Gilberto
name: Hamoui, Viviane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Aulophorus
Aulophorus hymanae

description: Aulophorus hymanae Naidu, 1962    Dero (Auluophorus) hymanae Naidu, 1962b: 905, fig. 22A-F; Naidu et al. 1981: 108; Costa, 1967: 46, pl.III, fig. 4; Ali & Issaque, 1975: 58; Di Persia, 1975: 2, fig. 1-5.
Material: Bonaire 53e: 1 specimen. Habitat: Limnetic; salinity 0.16 %.
 Distribution: Asia (Naidu et al. 1981). Neotropical Region: Argentina:
Prov. Entre Rios (Di Persia, 1975). Bonaire (Righi & Hamoui).
description: Published as part of Righi, Gilberto & Hamoui, Viviane, 2002, Oligochaeta, Naididae Of The West Indies And Adjacent Regions, pp. 119-167 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (6) on page 136, DOI: 10.11606/0031-1049.2002.42.p119-167, http://zenodo.org/record/13226308
Slow but not low: genomic comparisons reveal slower evolutionary rate and higher dN/dS in conifers compared to angiosperms
Creators: name: Buschiazzo, Emmanuel
name: Ritland, Carol
name: Bohlmann, Jörg
name: Ritland, Kermit
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Comparative genomics can inform us about the processes of mutation and selection across diverse taxa. Among seed plants, gymnosperms have been lacking in genomic comparisons. Recent EST and full-length cDNA collections for two conifers, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), together with full genome sequences for two angiosperms, Arabidopsis thaliana and poplar (Populus trichocarpa), offer an opportunity to infer the evolutionary processes underlying thousands of orthologous protein-coding genes in gymnosperms compared with an angiosperm orthologue set. Results Based upon pairwise comparisons of 3,723 spruce and pine orthologues, we found an average synonymous genetic distance (dS) of 0.191, and an average dN/dS ratio of 0.314. Using a fossil-established divergence time of 140 million years between spruce and pine, we extrapolated a nucleotide substitution rate of 0.68 × 10-9 synonymous substitutions per site per year. When compared to angiosperms, this indicates a dramatically slower rate of nucleotide substitution rates in conifers: on average 15-fold. Coincidentally, we found a three-fold higher dN/dS for the spruce-pine lineage compared to the poplar-Arabidopsis lineage. This joint occurrence of a slower evolutionary rate in conifers with higher dN/dS, and possibly positive selection, showcases the uniqueness of conifer genome evolution. Conclusions Our results are in line with documented reduced nucleotide diversity, conservative genome evolution and low rates of diversification in conifers on the one hand and numerous examples of local adaptation in conifers on the other hand. We propose that reduced levels of nucleotide mutation in large and long-lived conifer trees, coupled with large effective population size, were the main factors leading to slow substitution rates but retention of beneficial mutations.
Sex work involvement among women with long-term opioid injection drug dependence who enter opioid agonist treatment
Creators: name: Marchand, Kirsten
name: Oviedo-Joekes, Eugenia
name: Guh, Daphne
name: Marsh, David C.
name: Brissette, Suzanne
name: Schechter, Martin T.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Substitution with opioid-agonists (e.g., methadone) has shown to be an effective treatment for chronic long-term opioid dependency. Survival sex work, very common among injection drug users, has been associated with poor Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) engagement, retention and response. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine factors associated with engaging in sex work among long-term opioid dependent women receiving OAT. Methods Data from a randomized controlled trial, the North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI), conducted in Vancouver and Montreal (Canada) between 2005-2008, was analyzed. The NAOMI study compared the effectiveness of oral methadone to injectable diacetylmorphine or injectable hydromorphone, the last two on a double blind basis, over 12 months. A research team, independent of the clinic services, obtained outcome evaluations at baseline and follow-up (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months). Results A total 53.6% of women reported engaging in sex work in at least one of the research visits. At treatment initiation, women who were younger and had fewer years of education were more likely to be engaged in sex work. The multivariate logistic generalized estimating equation regression analysis determined that psychological symptoms, and high illicit heroin and cocaine use correlated with women's involvement in sex work during the study period. Conclusions After entering OAT, women using injection drugs and engaging in sex work represent a particularly vulnerable group showing poorer psychological health and a higher use of heroin and cocaine compared to women not engaging in sex work. These factors must be taken into consideration in the planning and provision of OAT in order to improve treatment outcomes. Trial Registration NCT00175357.
The Resistance Awakens: Natural diversity at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels informs engineering of plant immune receptors from Arabidopsis to crops
Creators: name: Sutherland, Chandler
name: Stevens, Danielle M
name: Seong, Kyungyong
name: Wei, Wei
name: Krasileva, Ksenia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Plants rely on germline-encoded, innate immune receptors to sense pathogens and initiate the defense response. The exponential increase in quality and quantity of genomes, RNA-seq datasets, and protein structures has underscored the incredible biodiversity of plant immunity. Arabidopsis continues to serve as a valuable model and the theoretical foundation of our understanding of wild plant diversity of immune receptors, while expansion of study into agricultural crops has also revealed distinct evolutionary trajectories and challenges. Here, we provide the classical context for study of both intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) and surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) at the levels of DNA sequences, transcriptional regulation, and protein structures. We then examine how recent technology has shaped our understanding of immune receptor evolution and informed our ability to efficiently engineer resistance. We summarize current literature and provide an outlook on how researchers take inspiration from natural diversity in bioengineering efforts for disease resistance from Arabidopsis and other model systems to crops. 

 

This work has been submitted to The Plant Cell as an invited review for the special focus issue “Translational Research from Arabidopsis to Crop Plants and Beyond”.
The Resistance Awakens: Natural diversity informs engineering of plant immune receptors at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels
Creators: name: Sutherland, Chandler
name: Stevens, Danielle M
name: Seong, Kyungyong
name: Wei, Wei
name: Krasileva, Ksenia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Plants rely on germline-encoded, innate immune receptors to sense pathogens and initiate the defense response. The exponential increase in quality and quantity of genomes, RNA-seq datasets, and protein structures has underscored the incredible diversity of plant immunity. Arabidopsis continues to serve as a valuable model and the theoretical foundation of our understanding of wild plant diversity of immune receptors, but expansion of study into agricultural crops has also revealed distinct evolutionary trajectories and challenges. Here, we provide the classical context for study of both intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) and surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) at the levels of the DNA sequences, transcriptional regulation, and protein structures. We then examine how recent technology has shaped our understanding of immune receptor evolution and informed our ability to efficiently engineer resistance. We summarize current literature and provide an outlook on how  researchers take inspiration from natural diversity in bioengineering efforts for disease resistance in crops. 

 

This work has been submitted to The Plant Cell as an invited review for the special focus issue “Translational Research from Arabidopsis to Crop Plants and Beyond”.
Geochemical indices and palynology comparison used forpaleoproductivity and paleoredox conditions of the Huai Hin LatFormation in part of Loei-Petchabun Fold Belt in central Thailand
Creators: name: Boonnarong Arsairai
name: Qinglai Feng
name: Chongpan Chonglakmani
name: Akkhapun Wannakomol
name: Hathaichanok Vattanasa
Publisher: name: Research and Development Office, Prince of Songkla University
Year: 2020
Subjects: TOC
hydrocarbon
geochemistry
kerogen
petrography
Huai Hin Lat Formation

description: Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 42, 3, 621-630
Pre-Design Investigation of a Propulsion System with Compressor Electric Drive
Creators: name: Maas, Philipp
name: Warsch, Christopher
name: Böck, Raoul
name: Kolb, Moritz Georg
name: Seitz, Arne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Propulsion System Design
Parallel Hybrid-Electric
Compressor Electric Drive
HybVer
Innovative Propulsion Systems

description: Presentation held on 02/10/2024 at the Deutscher Luft- & Raumfahrtkongress (DLRK) 2024 in session 8.2 "Hybrid-Electrically Powered Compressor" at University of Hamburg, GermanyThe present study analyses the particular concept of a parallel hybrid-electric propulsion system, in which electric power from advanced batteries is added to the cycle by two means: firstly, by directly driving a set of counter-rotating compressor stages, and secondly, by providing electrical assistance to the high pressure spool of the engine. This propulsion system concept is currently investigated as part of the LuFo VI-2 “HybVer” project, targeting a technology readiness level of TRL 2. In order to analyse the proposed propulsion system concept, a performance synthesis model using the BHL in-house framework Aircraft Propulsion System Simulation (APSS) has been created. The underlying design methodology, including the integration of the electric system data and the representation of the partially-electrified compressor is presented. Based on initially estimated power requirements of a regional turboprop (REG) and a mid-size helicopter (HEL), propulsion system sizing is performed by optimizing key thermodynamic cycle parameters. Additionally, operational behaviour for different power and hybridization settings is analysed. The results show that for the HEL propulsion system, a maximum hybridization degree of 40% during cruise conditions could be achieved. For the REG propulsion system, a maximum hybridization degree of 31% is possible. Compared to the design mission, this would enable significant PSFC reductions during shorter missions, when the installed battery capacity is fully utilized.
Aulophorus kalina Righi & Hamoui, 2002, n. sp.
Creators: name: Righi, Gilberto
name: Hamoui, Viviane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Tubificida
Naididae
Aulophorus
Aulophorus kalina

description: Aulophorus kalina n. sp.
(Fig. 2 E-J)
Material: Îles des Saintes 760: 2 specimens (Holotype ZU-1320). Habitat:
Limnetic; salinity 0.13%.
Description: The two worms measure 1.6 and 3.0 mm in length, 90 and 132 µm in diameter and they have 24 and 53 segments respectively. Division-zone and eyes are missing. The prostomium is short, rounded in the smaller specimen and conic in the longer one. The branchial fossa opens dorsally presenting one pair of long thin palps and two pairs ofwide gills (Fig. 2E). The pharynx extends to IV. Septal glands are in V and VI. Chloragocytes are presents from VI backwards. There is no differenced stomach. The dorsal vessel is dislodged to the left and commissural vessels are in VII and VIII. The dorsal setae begin at V, one hair and one needle per bundle. The hairs are smooth, straight and 113-148 µm long. The needles are 52-58 µm long; their proximal 2/3 are straight and the distal 1/3 slightly curved; the apex has two small teeth of similar length or the proximal is somewhat longer. A feeble intermediary denticle (Fig. 2F) is well seen in waterish or glycerinic preparations. The ventral setae are 4 per bundle to the mid-body region, 3 towards the back and 2 in the last segments. The length of the setae is 68-72 µm in II-V and 58-70 µm from VI onwards. The nodulus is medial. The distal tooth is nearly 1/3 longer than the proximal one in II (Fig. 2G); at the back the distal tooth shortens and the proximal lengthens gradually (Fig. 2 H-J). The relations between the length of the distal: proximal teeth are in II = 10: 7, in VI = 10: 10 and in XII = 9: 11.
 Remarks: Aulophorus kalina has affinities with A. indicus Naidu (1962) through the shape of the needles. The characteristics of A. indicus to distinguish from the new species are: 3 pairs of gills; ventral setae of II-V with distal tooth more than 2 times longer than the proximal one. The name of the new species is that of an old indian group from Venezuela and Caribbean Islands.
description: Published as part of Righi, Gilberto & Hamoui, Viviane, 2002, Oligochaeta, Naididae Of The West Indies And Adjacent Regions, pp. 119-167 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (6) on pages 136-137, DOI: 10.11606/0031-1049.2002.42.p119-167, http://zenodo.org/record/13226308
Physician experience and rates of plasma HIV-1 RNA suppression among illicit drug users: an observational study
Creators: name: Sangsari, Sassan
name: Milloy, M-J
name: Ibrahim, Amir
name: Kerr, Thomas
name: Zhang, Ruth
name: Montaner, Julio
name: Wood, Evan
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), suboptimal treatment outcomes have been observed among HIV-seropositive illicit drug users. As there is an urgent need to improve responses to antiretroviral therapy among this population, we undertook this study to evaluate the role of physician experience on rates of plasma HIV-1 RNA suppression following initiation of ART. Methods: Using data from a community-recruited cohort of HIV-positive illicit drug users, we used Cox proportional hazards regression to model the time to plasma viral HIV RNA < 500 copies/mL among antiretroviral-naïve subjects initiating ART. Physician experience was defined as a continuous variable measured per 100 HIV-infected patients previously enrolled in the province-wide HIV treatment registry by that physician at the time a patient was enrolled. Results: Between May 1996 and December 2008, 267 individuals initiated ART among whom 227 (85%) achieved a plasma HIV RNA < 500 copies/mL during the study period. In a multivariate analysis, greater physician experience was independently associated with higher rates of plasma HIV RNA suppression (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.34) after adjustment for adherence to ART. Other factors associated with viral suppression included engagement in methadone maintenance therapy (AHR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.23-2.09), ≥ 95% adherence to ART (AHR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.80-3.26), baseline CD4 count (AHR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96) and baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA (AHR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.81). Conclusions: In this setting of universal HIV/AIDS care, illicit drug users with more experienced physicians exhibited faster rates of plasma viral load suppression. These findings argue for specialized services to help optimize HIV treatment outcomes among this population.
Importance of AI and Interesting fact about poultry Reproduction
Creators: name: Parmar Sunil
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: India has a vast resource of livestock and poultry, which play a vital role in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural masses. Poultry production in India has taken a quantum leap in the last four decades, emerging from conventional farming practices to a commercial production system with state-of-the-art technological interventions. Currently, the total poultry population in our country is 851.81 million (as per the 20th Livestock Census), and egg production is around 129.60 billion during 2021–22. The per capita availability during 2021–22 is around 95 eggs per annum. The egg production has shown positive growth of 6.19% during 2021–22. (DADHF Annual Report 2022-2023).
Nuclear dependence of the transverse-single-spin asymmetry for forward neutron production in polarized p+A collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV
Creators: name: Kim, Minjung
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: PHENIX
RHIC
forward neutron
spin asymmetry
proton-nucleus collision
UPC
Regge

description: In high-energy hadron collisions, most of the energy is distributed in the forward region (the scattering angle is nearly zero). Therefore, studying forward particle production mechanisms is important for understanding overall particle production. However, because of small momentum transfers, pQCD is not applicable, therefore, forward particle production mechanisms are not well understood. Such low momentum transfer interactions at high-energy collisions are studied by the Regge theory. In case of the forward neutron production in p+p, cross-sections were measured at ISR and PHENIX, and the transverse-single-spin asymmetry AN was measured at IP12 and PHENIX. The results had been well explained by the π and a1(1260) exchange model in the Regge framework. This model predicted moderate nuclear dependence on AN. In 2015, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) had the polarized protons and nuclei collisions for the fifirst time in the world. The first measurement of nuclear dependence on AN in forward neutron production in p+A collisions are presented. Surprisingly, the result contradicts with the Regge theory prediction. The AN has a strong nuclear dependence: compared to p+p collisions, the sign of AN is flipped and its magnitude becomes three times larger in p+Au. Further measurements to pin down the characteristics of the unknown mechanisms and discussion of different neutron production processes which may explain the result are introduced.
Search strategies for the maintenance and update of list of QPS-recommended biological agents
Creators: name: EFSA BIOHAZ Panel
name: Koutsoumanis, Kostas
name: Allende, Ana
name: Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino
name: Bolton, Declan
name: Bover-Cid, Sara
name: Chemaly, Marianne
name: Davies, Robert
name: De Cesare, Alessandra
name: Hilbert, Friederike
name: Lindqvist, Roland
name: Nauta, Maarten
name: Peixe, Luisa
name: Ru, Giuseppe
name: Simmons, Marion
name: Skandamis, Panagiotis
name: Suffredini, Elisabetta
name: Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro
name: Fernández Escámez, Pablo Salvador
name: Maradona, Miguel Prieto
name: Querol, Amparo
name: Sijtsma, Lolke
name: Suarez, Juan Evaristo
name: Sundh, Ingvar
name: Vlak, Just
name: Barrizzone, Fulvio
name: Correia, Sandra
name: Herman, Lieve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: search strategy
QPS
qualification

description: The aim of the Extensive Literature Search (ELS) carried out in response to the terms of reference set out in the EFSA mandate on the Qualified Presumption of safety (QPS), i.e. review of the recommendations for the QPS list and specific qualifications, was to identify any publicly available studies reporting on safety concerns for humans, animals or the environment caused by organisms that have QPS status, for the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) 2022 list  The details on the search strategy, search keys and approach are presented here.

Notes to the versions:

- to 10 July 2023 version: The search strategy has been updated to reflect additions to the QPS list and changes in taxonomy.

- 27 January 2022 and 25 July 2022: The search strategy has been updated to reflect additions to the QPS list and changes in taxonomy.

- 25 January 2023 version is linked to QPS part 17, ON-7746.

-10 July 2023 version is linked to QPS part 18, ON-8092
description: EU; PDF; biohaz@efsa.europa.eu
title: How to Redistribute the Revenues from Climate Policy?
title: A Dynamic Perspective with Financially Constrained Households
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Eydam, Ulrich
name: Diluiso, Francesca
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: In light of climate change mitigation efforts, revenues from climate policies are growing, with no consensus yet on how they should be used. Potential efficiency gains from reducing distortionary taxes and the distributional implications of different revenue recycling schemes are currently debated. To account for households heterogeneity and dynamic trade-offs, we study the macroeconomic and welfare performance of different revenue recycling schemes using an Environmental Two-Agent New-Keynesian model, calibrated on the German economy. We find that, in the long run, welfare gains are higher when revenues are used to reduce distortionary taxes on capital, but this comes at the cost of higher inequality: while all households prefer labor income tax reductions to lump-sum transfers, only financially unconstrained households are better off when reducing taxes on capital income. Interestingly, we find that over the transition period relevant to meet short-medium run climate targets, labor income tax cuts are the most efficient and equitable instrument.
description: CEPA Discussion Papers; 45
Search strategies for the maintenance and update of list of QPS-recommended biological agents
Creators: name: EFSA BIOHAZ Panel
name: Koutsoumanis, Kostas
name: Allende, Ana
name: Alvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino
name: Bolton, Declan
name: Bover-Cid, Sara
name: Chemaly, Marianne
name: Davies, Robert
name: De Cesare, Alessandra
name: Hilbert, Friederike
name: Lindqvist, Roland
name: Nauta, Maarten
name: Peixe, Luisa
name: Ru, Giuseppe
name: Simmons, Marion
name: Skandamis, Panagiotis
name: Suffredini, Elisabetta
name: Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro
name: Fernández Escámez, Pablo Salvador
name: Maradona, Miguel Prieto
name: Querol, Amparo
name: Sijtsma, Lolke
name: Suarez, Juan Evaristo
name: Sundh, Ingvar
name: Vlak, Just
name: Barrizzone, Fulvio
name: Correia, Sandra
name: Herman, Lieve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: search strategy
QPS
qualification

description: The aim of the Extensive Literature Search (ELS) carried out in response to the terms of reference set out in the EFSA mandate on the Qualified Presumption of safety (QPS), i.e. review of the recommendations for the QPS list and specific qualifications, was to identify any publicly available studies reporting on safety concerns for humans, animals or the environment caused by organisms that have QPS status, for the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) 2022 list  The details on the search strategy, search keys and approach are presented here.

Notes to the versions:

- to 10 July 2023 version: The search strategy has been updated to reflect additions to the QPS list and changes in taxonomy.

- 27 January 2022 and 25 July 2022: The search strategy has been updated to reflect additions to the QPS list and changes in taxonomy.

- 25 January 2023 version is linked to QPS part 17, ON-7746.

-10 July 2023 version is linked to QPS part 18, ON-8092

·        to 22 July 2024 version: The search strategy has been updated to reflect additions to the QPS list and changes in taxonomy nomenclature.

·        to 11 January 2024 version: The search strategy has been updated to reflect additions to the QPS list and changes in taxonomy.
description: EU; PDF; biohaz@efsa.europa.eu
Pitfalls in the determination of human acylated ghrelin plasma concentrations using a double antibody enzyme immunometric assay
Creators: name: Trivedi, Arjun
name: Babic, Sandra
name: Chanoine, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Objectives: To investigate the effect of hemolysis and protease inhibitors on acylated ghrelin (AG) concentrations measured with a double antibody enzyme immunometric assay that uses an acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-Fab’ conjugate. Design and Methods: Samples were hemolysed or treated with PHMB (phydroxymercuribenzoate), PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride) or AEBSF (4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride) to prevent AG degradation. Results: Hemolysis decreased AG concentrations. PHMB or PMSF did not affect the assay. The standard curve was abolished by AEBSF but rescued by addition of a washing step prior to the AChE-Fab' conjugate. Conclusions: Hemolysis and AEBSF may affect AG determination.