cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Edge modes of gravity -- II: Corner metric and Lorentz charges
Creators: name: Freidel, Laurent
name: Geiller, Marc
name: Pranzetti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this second paper of the series we continue to spell out a new program for quantum gravity, grounded in the notion of corner symmetry algebra and its representations. Here we focus on tetrad gravity and its corner symplectic potential. We start by performing a detailed decomposition of the various geometrical quantities appearing in BF theory and tetrad gravity. This provides a new decomposition of the symplectic potential of BF theory and the simplicity constraints. We then show that the dynamical variables of the tetrad gravity corner phase space are the internal normal to the spacetime foliation, which is conjugated to the boost generator, and the corner coframe field. This allows us to derive several key results. First, we construct the corner Lorentz charges. In addition to sphere diffeomorphisms, common to all formulations of gravity, these charges add a local $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{C})$ component to the corner symmetry algebra of tetrad gravity. Second, we also reveal that the corner metric satisfies a local $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{R})$ algebra, whose Casimir corresponds to the corner area element. Due to the space-like nature of the corner metric, this Casimir belongs to the unitary discrete series, and its spectrum is therefore quantized. This result, which reconciles discreteness of the area spectrum with Lorentz invariance, is proven in the continuum and without resorting to a bulk connection. Third, we show that the corner phase space explains why the simplicity constraints become non-commutative on the corner. This fact requires a reconciliation between the bulk and corner symplectic structures, already in the classical continuum theory. Understanding this leads inevitably to the introduction of edge modes.
description: 70 pages
Public Policies and the Demand for Carbonated Soft Drinks: A Censored Quantile Regression Approach
Creators: name: Gustavsen, Geir Waehler
name: Gustavsen, Geir Waehler
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: soda demand
subject: quantile regression
subject: taxes

description: Heavy consumption of soda may contribute to obesity, strokes, and cardiac problems. From a health perspective, the distribution of the consumption is at least as important as the mean. Censored as well as ordinary quantile regression techniques were used to estimate the demand for sugary soda based on household data from 1989 to 1999. It was found that heavy drinkers are more price- and expenditure-responsive than are light drinkers. The study shows that increasing the taxes on carbonated soft drinks will lead to a small reduction in consumption for small and moderate consumers and a huge reduction for heavy consumers.
Apparent Clustering and Apparent Background Earthquakes Biased by Undetected Seismicity
Creators: name: Sornette, D.
name: Werner, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In models of triggered seismicity and in their inversion with empirical data, the detection threshold m_d is commonly equated to the magnitude m_0 of the smallest triggering earthquake. This unjustified assumption neglects the possibility of shocks below the detection threshold triggering observable events. We introduce a formalism that distinguishes between the detection threshold m_d and the minimum triggering earthquake m_0 < m_d. By considering the branching structure of one complete cascade of triggered events, we derive the apparent branching ratio n_a (which is the apparent fraction of aftershocks in a given catalog) and the apparent background source S_a that are observed when only the structure above the detection threshold m_d is known due to the presence of smaller undetected events that are capable of triggering larger events. If earthquake triggering is controlled in large part by the smallest magnitudes as several recent analyses have shown, this implies that previous estimates of the clustering parameters may significantly underestimate the true values: for instance, an observed fraction of 55% of aftershocks is renormalized into a true value of 75% of triggered events.
description: 12 pages; incl. 6 Figures, AGU style
Measurement of Partial Widths and Search for Direct CP Violation in $D^0$ Meson Decays to $K^-K^+$ and $π^-π^+$
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of relative partial widths and decay rate CP asymmetries in $K^-K^+$ and $π^-π^+$ decays of $\Do$ mesons produced in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 \TeV$. We use a sample of $2\times10^5$ $D^{\ast+}\myto D^0π^+$ (and charge conjugate) decays with the $D^0$ decaying to $K^-π^+$, $K^-K^+$, and $π^-π^+$, corresponding to $123 {\rm pb}^{-1}$ of data collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. No significant direct CP violation is observed. We measure $\KKtokpi = 0.0992 \pm 0.0011 \pm 0.0012$, $\PIpitokpi = 0.03594 \pm 0.00054 \pm 0.00040$, $A_{CP}(K^-K^+) = (2.0 \pm 1.2 \pm 0.6) %$, and $A_{CP}(π^-π^+) = (1.0 \pm 1.3 \pm 0.6) %$, where, in all cases, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Quantum black holes and thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Kharzeev, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new thermalization scenario for heavy ion collisions is discussed. It is based on the Hawking--Unruh effect: an observer moving with an acceleration $a$ experiences the influence of a thermal bath with an effective temperature $T = a / 2π$, similar to the one present in the vicinity of a black hole horizon. In the case of heavy ion collisions, the acceleration is caused by a pulse of chromo--electric field $E \sim Q_s^2/g$ ($Q_s$ is the saturation scale, and $g$ is the strong coupling), the typical acceleration is $a \sim Q_s$, and the heat bath temperature is $T \simeq Q_s / 2π\sim 200$ MeV. In nuclear collisions at sufficiently high energies the effect can induce a rapid thermalization over the time period of $τ\sim π/Q_s $ accompanied by phase transitions. A specific example of chiral symmetry restoration induced by the chromo--electric field is considered; it is mathematically analogous to the phase transition occurring in the vicinity of a black hole.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, based on invited talks given at the "Quark Matter 2005" Conference, Budapest, Hungary, 4-9 August 2005, and Workshop on "Quark-Gluon Plasma Thermalization", Vienna, Austria, 10-12 August 2005
Vicedom, Georg F., Der Anteil der Gemeinde an der Sendung Christi
Creators: name: Rott, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 2 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 2
Quantization on Curves
Creators: name: Fronsdal, Christian
name: Kontsevich, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D55, 14A22, 16E40, 16S60, 81S10

description: Deformation quantization on varieties with singularities offers perspectives that are not found on manifolds. Essential deformations are classified by the Harrison component of Hochschild cohomology, that vanishes on smooth manifolds and reflects information about singularities. The Harrison 2-cochains are symmetric and are interpreted in terms of abelian $*$-products. This paper begins a study of abelian quantization on plane curves over $\Crm$, being algebraic varieties of the form R2/I where I is a polynomial in two variables; that is, abelian deformations of the coordinate algebra C[x,y]/(I). To understand the connection between the singularities of a variety and cohomology we determine the algebraic Hochschild (co-)homology and its Barr-Gerstenhaber-Schack decomposition. Homology is the same for all plane curves C[x,y]/(I), but the cohomology depends on the local algebra of the singularity of I at the origin.
description: 21 pages, LaTex format. To appear in Letters Mathematical Physics
Pressure waves from air gun bubbles: a numerical analysis based on Finite Volume Method
Creators: name: Wang, Shi-Ping
name: Geng, Hang
name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Wang, Si-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.6.6
subject: 76-04

description: The pressure wave emitted from the air gun contains many frequencies, among which the low-frequency waves are desirable for exploration and imaging, while the high-frequency waves need to be suppressed as they are harmful to marine species. The high-frequency waves originate from the fast oscillations of the flow during the release of the air, such as the impingement of the gas jet into the liquid, the expansion of the air gun bubble, and the interaction between the air gun body and the bubble. However, those dynamic and the emitted waves are adjustable by the special design of the air guns. To analyze the underlying relations, we present a numerical study with a compressible air gun bubble model using the volume of fluid (VOF) approach combined with the finite volume method (FVM) implemented in STAR-CCM+. The venting process of an air gun is investigated to reveal the influence of the air gun body. The results show that air gun pressure for the far field is mainly proportional to the expansion acceleration of the whole gas. Our results also indicate that the opening and chamber shape of the air gun affects the gas expansion acceleration, which influences the first peak of the pressure wave significantly. The larger the opening is, the faster the gas is released, the greater the amplitude of the first peak is. The larger the chamber length/diameter ratio, the slower the gas is released and the lower the amplitude of the first peak.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures,
AGN heating and dissipative processes in galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Bruggen, M.
name: Ruszkowski, M.
name: Hallman, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent X-ray observations reveal growing evidence for heating by active galactic nuclei (AGN) in clusters and groups of galaxies. AGN outflows play a crucial role in explaining the riddle of cooling flows and the entropy problem in clusters. Here we study the effect of AGN on the intra-cluster medium in a cosmological simulation using the adaptive mesh refinement FLASH code. We pay particular attention to the effects of conductivity and viscosity on the dissipation of weak shocks generated by the AGN activity in a realistic galaxy cluster. Our 3D simulations demonstrate that both viscous and conductive dissipation play an important role in distributing the mechanical energy injected by the AGN, offsetting radiative cooling and injecting entropy to the gas. These processes are important even when the transport coefficients are at a level of 10% of the Spitzer value. Provided that both conductivity and viscosity are suppressed by a comparable amount, conductive dissipation is likely to dominate over viscous dissipation. Nevertheless, viscous effects may still affect the dynamics of the gas and contribute a significant amount of dissipation compared to radiative cooling. We also present synthetic Chandra observations. We show that the simulated buoyant bubbles inflated by the AGN, and weak shocks associated with them, are detectable with the Chandra observatory.
description: accepted to ApJ, minor changes
Quasi One-Dimensional Bosons in Three-dimensional Traps: From Strong Coupling to Weak Coupling Regime
Creators: name: Salasnich, Luca
name: Parola, Alberto
name: Reatto, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a recent experiment on a Tonks-Girardeau gas of $^{87}$Rb atoms (T. Kinoshita, T. Wenger, and D.S. Weiss, Science {\bf 305}, 1125 (2004)). We find that the experimental data are compatible with the one-dimensional theory of Lieb, Seiringer and Yngvason (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 91}, 150401 (2003)) but are better described by a theory that takes into account variations in the transverse width of the atomic cloud. By using this theory we investigate also the free axial expansion of the $^{87}$Rb gas in different regimes: Tonks-Girardeau gas, one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate and three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Time for a New Farmer-Owned Reserve?
Creators: name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The current farm program contains a marketing loan program that offers grain farmers two options at harvest time to counter low market prices. Farmers can either take a loan deficiency payment (LDP) on harvested production, or farmers can place production "under loan." The LDP pays the farmer the difference between the loan rate and a government-calculated price (the posted county price), which changes daily. Once the LDP has been taken the farmer can either market the crop or store it, but all further government assistance is ended. A farmer who puts the crop under loan stores the crop and receives a loan from the government. If the market price rises above the loan rate, the farmer can pay off the loan, market the crop, and pocket the difference. If the price does not rise above the loan rate, the farmer can pay off the loan at the posted county price, which is equivalent to receiving an LDP. The farmer must repay the loan within nine months or choose to forfeit the stored crop to the government.
Early identification and intervention for children at-risk for reading failure from both English-speaking and English as a second-language (ESL) speaking backgrounds
Creators: name: Lesaux, Nonie Kathleen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study examined the early reading development of native English speaking (L1) and children who speak English as a second language (ESL) who are receiving instruction in English. The study addressed whether there are original differences in pre-reading and language skills between L1 and ESL-speaking children, and whether similar patterns of reading development in English from kindergarten to grade 2 exist across language groups. As well, the study examined which skills in kindergarten identify those children at-risk for reading failure from all language backgrounds. The participants of the study were 978 grade 2 children who were seen as part of a longitudinal study that began in their kindergarten year. Within the sample, there were 790 children who are L1 speakers and 188 children who have a first language other than English and who spoke little or no English upon entry to kindergarten (ESL). In kindergarten, participants were administered standardized tasks of reading and memory as well as experimental tasks of language, phonological awareness, letter identification, rapid naming, and phonological memory. At the end of grade 2, children were administered various tasks of reading, spelling, language, arithmetic, and memory. All children received phonological awareness instruction in kindergarten and systematic phonics instruction in grade 1 in the context of a balanced early literacy program. In kindergarten, 23.8% of L1 speakers were identified as at-risk for reading failure and 37.2% of ESL speakers were identified as at-risk for reading failure. In grade 2, 4.2% of L1 speakers were identified as reading disabled and 3.72% of ESL speakers were identified as reading disabled. By the end of grade 2, the majority of the ESL speakers had attained reading skills that were similar to the L1 group. Although there were differences on each of the measures of reading, reading comprehension, spelling, phonological processing and arithmetic between average and disabled readers in grade 2, the ESL and L1 speakers had similar scores on all these tasks.
Formation of metallic nano-crystals from gel-like precursor films for CVD nanotube growth: An in-situ TEM characterization
Creators: name: Klinke, Christian
name: Bonard, Jean-Marc
name: Kern, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of a continuous Fe(NO3)3 catalyst film was observed by in-situ annealing in a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Such catalysts are routinely used in the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes. The experiments reveal that crystalline particles form from the gel-like film already around 300C. At usual carbon nanotube growth temperatures of 700C, the particles are single-crystalline with a log-normal size distribution. The observations furthermore show that in spite of the crystalline structure of the particles there is a high mobility. The experiments allow to obtain detailed information about the chemistry and the crystallinity of the catalyst film, which provides valuable information for the interpretation of the carbon nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Tomorrow Never Came: Race, Class, Reform, Conflict, and the Decline of an Industrial City, Toledo, Ohio, 1930-1980
Creators: name: Sommer, Bradley
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 220207 History and Philosophy of the Humanities
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Toledo, Ohio sits firmly in the middle of the great North American Manufacturing Belt and the American Midwest yet remains on the periphery in the historiographies of urbanization, industrialization and deindustrialization, labor, race relations, and the social and economic development of postwar America. These issues are treated with great scrutiny in analyses of cities such as Chicago, Cleveland, and Detroit, and the arguments of these studies and historians have offered rich debate and historical context to many important historical and contemporary questions. Despite the elegance and quality of these works, they are limited by their scope. Most of the Midwest did not live in cities of that size. It was more common for the averageMidwesterner to live in a place like Gary, Indiana, East St. Louis, Illinois, or Toledo, Ohio. The forces that dramatically shaped the United States’ industrial heartland – the area called the “Rust Belt” today – were present in the focal points of this industrial economy but also in the manyinterconnected cities and towns that made the machine go. “Tomorrow Never Came” aims to situate the City of Toledo, Ohio into that conversation, discussing how Toledo fit into this larger picture while simultaneously examining and critiquing the ways in which larger national forcesdid or did not play out there, pushing back on some of the larger conclusions that exist in the current scholarship. In so doing, I hope to make the case for Toledo, Ohio as a worthy inclusion to the literature but also as a standalone subject. The unique characteristics of Toledo challenge some of our standing assumptions about the Midwest, American industrialization and deindustrialization, and tell the story one important part of a larger story that we all know but isstill incomplete.
Attention to detail: inter-resolution knowledge distillation
Creators: name: del Amor, Rocío
name: Silva-Rodríguez, Julio
name: Colomer, Adrián
name: Naranjo, Valery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The development of computer vision solutions for gigapixel images in digital pathology is hampered by significant computational limitations due to the large size of whole slide images. In particular, digitizing biopsies at high resolutions is a time-consuming process, which is necessary due to the worsening results from the decrease in image detail. To alleviate this issue, recent literature has proposed using knowledge distillation to enhance the model performance at reduced image resolutions. In particular, soft labels and features extracted at the highest magnification level are distilled into a model that takes lower-magnification images as input. However, this approach fails to transfer knowledge about the most discriminative image regions in the classification process, which may be lost when the resolution is decreased. In this work, we propose to distill this information by incorporating attention maps during training. In particular, our formulation leverages saliency maps of the target class via grad-CAMs, which guides the lower-resolution Student model to match the Teacher distribution by minimizing the l2 distance between them. Comprehensive experiments on prostate histology image grading demonstrate that the proposed approach substantially improves the model performance across different image resolutions compared to previous literature.
description: EUSIPCO 2023 - Code available at https://github.com/cvblab/Mitosis-UTS
Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations and N=1 Superconformal Algebra
Creators: name: Ozer, H. T.
name: Salihoglu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using AKNS scheme and soliton connection taking values in N=1 superconformal algebra we obtain new coupled super Nonlinear Schrodinger equations.
description: 12 pages, no figures, LaTex file
Renormalization and Quantum Scaling of Frenkel-Kontorova Models
Creators: name: Catarino, Nuno R.
name: MacKay, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalise the classical Transition by Breaking of Analyticity for the class of Frenkel-Kontorova models studied by Aubry and others to non-zero Planck's constant and temperature. This analysis is based on the study of a renormalization operator for the case of irrational mean spacing using Feynman's functional integral approach. We show how existing classical results extend to the quantum regime. In particular we extend MacKay's renormalization approach for the classical statistical mechanics to deduce scaling of low frequency effects and quantum effects. Our approach extends the phenomenon of hierarchical melting studied by Vallet, Schilling and Aubry to the quantum regime.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, submitted to J.Stat.Phys
Ratioing the President: An exploration of public engagement with Obama and Trump on Twitter
Creators: name: Minot, Joshua R.
name: Arnold, Michael V.
name: Alshaabi, Thayer
name: Danforth, Christopher M.
name: Dodds, Peter Sheridan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The past decade has witnessed a marked increase in the use of social media by politicians, most notably exemplified by the 45th President of the United States (POTUS), Donald Trump. On Twitter, POTUS messages consistently attract high levels of engagement as measured by likes, retweets, and replies. Here, we quantify the balance of these activities, also known as "ratios", and study their dynamics as a proxy for collective political engagement in response to presidential communications. We find that raw activity counts increase during the period leading up to the 2016 election, accompanied by a regime change in the ratio of retweets-to-replies connected to the transition between campaigning and governing. For the Trump account, we find words related to fake news and the Mueller inquiry are more common in tweets with a high number of replies relative to retweets. Finally, we find that Barack Obama consistently received a higher retweet-to-reply ratio than Donald Trump. These results suggest Trump's Twitter posts are more often controversial and subject to enduring engagement as a given news cycle unfolds.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS VERSUS COUNTERCYCLICAL PAYMENTS: DO WE NEED BOTH FOR A PRICE SAFETY NET?
Creators: name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural loan rates
subject: agricultural marketing loan program
subject: agricultural price supports
subject: countercyclical payments (CCPs)
subject: loan deficiency payments (LDPs)

description: The federal government currently runs two major price support programs in agriculture, the marketing loan and countercyclical payment (CCP) programs. While these programs are both targeted at providing producer price protection, they have different political and financial costs associated with them. We outline these costs and project the effects of various loan rate changes on these programs for eight crops (barley, corn, cotton, oats, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and wheat) for 2005. Loan rate changes affect the price support programs by changing the payment rate producers receive when payments are triggered. We find that the crop's relative price strength versus its loan rate and the relationship between CCP base production and 2005 expected production have the largest influence on how loan rate changes affect outlays from the price support programs for the various crops. Of these crops, cotton is the only one that would be relatively unaffected by loan rate shifts. Corn and soybeans would see the largest declines in overall expenditures from price support programs if loan rates were decreased. Oats and soybeans would experience the largest percentage losses. However, the results also show that the federal government could maintain an agricultural price support structure at a lower cost than it is currently paying. The reduction in cost often comes in situations where the current array of price support programs overcompensates producers for price shortfalls. This shift would also likely find greater acceptance under the World Trade Organization (WTO) agriculture guidelines than would the current structure. For an administration that is looking to rein in deficit spending while at the same time negotiating new WTO guidelines, moving to lower loan rates could be an answer.
Emergent U(1) gauge theory with fractionalized boson/fermion from the bose condensation of exciton in multi-band insulator
Creators: name: Lee, Sung-Sik
name: Lee, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractionalized phases are studied in a low energy theory of exciton bose condensate in a multi-band insulator. It is shown that U(1) gauge theory with either fractionalized boson or fermion can emerge out of a single model depending on the coupling constants. Both the statistics and spin of the fractionalized particles are dynamically determined, satisfying the spin-statistics theorem in the continuum limit. We present two mutually consistent descriptions for the fractionalization. In the first approach, it is shown that fractionalized degree of freedom emerges from reduced phase space constrained by strong interaction and that the U(1) gauge field arises as a collective excitation of the low energy modes. In the second approach, complimentary descriptions are provided for the fractionalization based on world line picture of the original excitons. The emergent gauge structure is identified from the fluctuating web of exciton world lines which, in turn, realizes the string net condensation in a space-time picture.
description: 25 pages, 16 figures
Automatic UAV-based Airport Pavement Inspection Using Mixed Real and Virtual Scenarios
Creators: name: Alonso, Pablo
name: de Gordoa, Jon Ander Iñiguez
name: Ortega, Juan Diego
name: García, Sara
name: Iriarte, Francisco Javier
name: Nieto, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Runway and taxiway pavements are exposed to high stress during their projected lifetime, which inevitably leads to a decrease in their condition over time. To make sure airport pavement condition ensure uninterrupted and resilient operations, it is of utmost importance to monitor their condition and conduct regular inspections. UAV-based inspection is recently gaining importance due to its wide range monitoring capabilities and reduced cost. In this work, we propose a vision-based approach to automatically identify pavement distress using images captured by UAVs. The proposed method is based on Deep Learning (DL) to segment defects in the image. The DL architecture leverages the low computational capacities of embedded systems in UAVs by using an optimised implementation of EfficientNet feature extraction and Feature Pyramid Network segmentation. To deal with the lack of annotated data for training we have developed a synthetic dataset generation methodology to extend available distress datasets. We demonstrate that the use of a mixed dataset composed of synthetic and real training images yields better results when testing the training models in real application scenarios.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, published in proceedings of 15th International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV)
Double maxima of angular momentum transport in $η=0.91$ TC turbulence
Creators: name: Ezeta, Rodrigo
name: Sacco, Francesco
name: Bakhuis, Dennis
name: Huisman, Sander G.
name: Ostilla-Mónico, Rodolfo
name: Verzicco, Roberto
name: Sun, Chao
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use experiments and direct numerical simulations to probe the phase-space of low-curvature Taylor--Couette (TC) flow in the vicinity of the ultimate regime. The cylinder radius ratio is fixed at $η=r_i/r_o=0.91$. Non-dimensional shear drivings (Taylor numbers $\text{Ta}$) in the range $10^7\leq\text{Ta}\leq10^{11}$ are explored for both co- and counter-rotating configurations. In the $\text{Ta}$ range $10^8\leq\text{Ta}\leq10^{10}$, we observe two local maxima of the angular momentum transport as a function of the cylinder rotation ratio, which can be described as either as "co-" and "counter-rotating" due to their location or as "broad" and "narrow" due to their shape. We confirm that the broad peak is accompanied by the strengthening of the large-scale structures, and that the narrow peak appears once the driving (Ta) is strong enough. As first evidenced in numerical simulations by Brauckmann \emph{et al.}~(2016), the broad peak is produced by centrifugal instabilities and that the narrow peak is a consequence of shear instabilities. We describe how the peaks change with $\text{Ta}$ as the flow becomes more turbulent. Close to the transition to the ultimate regime when the boundary layers (BLs) become turbulent, the usual structure of counter-rotating Taylor vortex pairs breaks down and stable unpaired rolls appear locally. We attribute this state to changes in the underlying roll characteristics during the transition to the ultimate regime. Further changes in the flow structure around $\text{Ta}\approx10^{10}$ cause the broad peak to disappear completely and the narrow peak to move. This second transition is caused when the regions inside the BLs which are locally smooth regions disappear and the whole boundary layer becomes active.
description: Submitted to JFM
title: EFTF East Tasmania Airborne Magnetic and Radiometric Survey Activity Notice
Creators: name: M., Sweeney
name: M., Sweeney
name: J., Goodwin
Publisher: name: Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: EARTH SCIENCES
subject: EFTF
subject: Exploring for the Future
subject: airborne magnetic and radiometrics
subject: Australian Resources Framework
subject: radioelements
subject: Tasmania
subject: Hobart
subject: geophysics
subject: mapping
subject: mineral assessment
subject: fact sheet
subject: activity notice
subject: Published_External

description: Geoscience Australia, in collaboration with Mineral Resources Tasmania, will be carrying out an airborne magnetic and radiometric survey in eastern Tasmania during 2022. The survey is part of the Australian Government’s Exploring for the Future program, which is committed to supporting a strong economy, resilient society and sustainable environment for the benefit of Australians. At its heart, the program is about contributing to a sustainable, long-term future for Australia through an improved understanding of the nation’s mineral, energy and groundwater resource potential.
The Non-Parametric Model for Linking Galaxy Luminosity with Halo/Subhalo Mass
Creators: name: Vale, A.
name: Ostriker, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a non-parametric, empirically based, model for associating galaxy luminosities with halo/subhalo masses, based on a self-consistent treatment of subhalo mass loss and the subhalo mass function. We find that, at high mass, the mass-luminosity relation is almost independent of the actual luminosity function considered, when luminosity is scaled by the characteristic luminosity L*. Additionally, the shape of the total halo luminosity depends on the slope of the subhalo mass function. For these high mass, cluster sized haloes, we find that total luminosity scales as L_tot ~ M^0.88, while the luminosity of the first brightest galaxy has a much weaker dependence on halo mass, L_1 ~ M^0.28, in good agreement with observations and previous results. At low mass, the resulting slope of the mass-luminosity relation depends strongly of the faint end slope of the luminosity function, and we obtain a steep relation, with approximately L ~ M^4.5 in the K-band. The average number of galaxies per halo/cluster is also in very good agreement with observations, scaling as M^0.9. In general, we obtain a good agreement with several independent sets of observational data. We find that, when comparing with observations and for a flat cosmology, the model tends to prefer lower values for Omega_m and sigma_8. Within the WMAP+SDSS concordance plane of Tegmark et al. (2004), we find best agreement around Omega_m=0.25 and sigma_8=0.8, also in very good agreement with the results of the CMB+2dF study of Sanchez et al. (2005). We also check on possible corrections for observed mass based on a comparison of the equivalent number of haloes/clusters. Additionally, we include further checks on the model results based on the mass to light ratio, the occupation number, the group luminosity function and the multiplicity function. (abridged)
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Why Are Radio-Galaxies Prolific Producers of Type Ia Supernovae?
Creators: name: Della Valle, M.
name: Panagia, N.
name: Padovani, P.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Turatto, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of SNIa events in early type galaxies from the Cappellaro et al (1999) database provides conclusive evidence that the rate of type Ia Supernovae (SNe) in radio-loud galaxies is about 4 times higher than the rate measured in radio-quiet galaxies, i.e. SNIa-rate$(radio-loud galaxies) = 0.43^{+0.19}_{-0.14}h^2_{75}$ SNu as compared to SNIa-rate$(radio-quiet galaxies) = 0.11^{+0.06}_{-0.03}h^2_{75}$ SNu. The actual value of the enhancement is likely to be in the range $\sim 2-7$ (P$\sim 10^{-4}$). This finding puts on robust empirical grounds the results obtained by Della Valle & Panagia (2003) on the basis of a smaller sample of SNe. We analyse the possible causes of this result and conclude that the enhancement of SNIa explosion rate in radio-loud galaxies has the same origin as their being strong radio sources, but there is no causality link between the two phenomena. We argue that repeated episodes of interaction and/or mergers of early type galaxies with dwarf companions, on times-scale of about 1 Gyr, are responsible for inducing both strong radio activity observed in $\sim$14% of early type galaxies and to supply an adequate number of SNIa progenitors to the stellar population of ellipticals.
description: 26 pages+6 figures, ApJ, in press
Telling tales : constructions of school experience as chronicled by senior alternate education students
Creators: name: Leroy, Barbara A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Grounded Theory methodology was employed to investigate the experience of school from kindergarten through grade twelve for seven students currently enrolled in a senior Alternate Education Program. The conceptual model generated from interviews, documentary evidence, follow-up participant checks and collaborative analysis indicated the core elements of the Alternate School setting, including a caring interpersonal relationship with the teacher and a nurturing environment, were fundamental to the academic success of all participants. Noteworthy in the model was the contrast presented between a turbulent regular education experience and the rejuvenating qualities of the Alternate Education classroom. Means of integrating these Alternate School factors within the regular education system and the larger community are discussed.
Structure of Optimal Input Covariance Matrices for MIMO Systems with Covariance Feedback under General Correlated Fading
Creators: name: Bjelakovic, Igor
name: Boche, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe the structure of optimal Input covariance matrices for single user multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) communication system with covariance feedback and for general correlated fading. Our approach is based on the novel concept of right commutant and recovers previously derived results for the Kronecker product models. Conditions are derived which allow a significant simplification of the optimization problem.
description: 5 pages, corrected typos
Quantifying the dynamics of protein self-organization using deep learning analysis of atomic force microscopy data
Creators: name: Ziatdinov, Maxim
name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Dollar, Orion
name: Pfaendtner, Jim
name: Mundi, Chris
name: Li, Xin
name: Pyles, Harley
name: Baker, David
name: De Yoreo, James J.
name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of protein self-assembly on the inorganic surface and the resultant geometric patterns are visualized using high-speed atomic force microscopy. The time dynamics of the classical macroscopic descriptors such as 2D Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT), correlation and pair distribution function are explored using the unsupervised linear unmixing, demonstrating the presence of static ordered and dynamic disordered phases and establishing their time dynamics. The deep learning (DL)-based workflow is developed to analyze detailed particle dynamics on the particle-by-particle level. Beyond the macroscopic descriptors, we utilize the knowledge of local particle geometries and configurations to explore the evolution of local geometries and reconstruct the interaction potential between the particles. Finally, we use the machine learning-based feature extraction to define particle neighborhood free of physics constraints. This approach allowed separating the possible classes of particle behavior, identify the associated transition probabilities, and further extend this analysis to identify slow modes and associated configurations, allowing for systematic exploration and predictive modeling of the time dynamics of the system. Overall, this work establishes the DL based workflow for the analysis of the self-organization processes in complex systems from observational data and provides insight into the fundamental mechanisms.
Allgemeine Orientierungstheorie
Creators: name: Schröer, Harald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Orientierung, Richtung, Orientierungsrichtung, Planet, Raumschiff, Astronout, Mehrkörperproblem,Oberflächenkoordinatensystem,Präzession

description: Allgemeine Bestimmung der Orientierungsrichtung, auf einen Planeten, im Raumschiff und bei mehreren Planeten und weitere interessante Größen, Berechnung eines Oberflächenkoordinatensystem, Präzession
The Scikit HEP Project -- overview and prospects
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Eduardo
name: Krikler, Benjamin
name: Burr, Chris
name: Smirnov, Dmitri
name: Dembinski, Hans
name: Schreiner, Henry
name: Nandi, Jaydeep
name: Pivarski, Jim
name: Feickert, Matthew
name: Marinangeli, Matthieu
name: Smith, Nick
name: Das, Pratyush
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scikit-HEP is a community-driven and community-oriented project with the goal of providing an ecosystem for particle physics data analysis in Python. Scikit-HEP is a toolset of approximately twenty packages and a few "affiliated" packages. It expands the typical Python data analysis tools for particle physicists. Each package focuses on a particular topic, and interacts with other packages in the toolset, where appropriate. Most of the packages are easy to install in many environments; much work has been done this year to provide binary "wheels" on PyPI and conda-forge packages. The Scikit-HEP project has been gaining interest and momentum, by building a user and developer community engaging collaboration across experiments. Some of the packages are being used by other communities, including the astroparticle physics community. An overview of the overall project and toolset will be presented, as well as a vision for development and sustainability.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2019), Adelaide, Australia, 4-8 November 2019
New Constraints on Additional Satellites of the Pluto System
Creators: name: Steffl, A. J.
name: Mutchler, M. J.
name: Weaver, H. A.
name: Stern, S. A.
name: Durda, D. D.
name: Terrell, D.
name: Merline, W. J.
name: Young, L. A.
name: Young, E. F.
name: Buie, M. W.
name: Spencer, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of Pluto and its solar-tidal stability zone were made using the Advanced Camera for Surveys' (ACS) Wide Field Channel (WFC) on the Hubble Space Telescope on UT 2005 May 15 and UT 2005 May 18. Two small satellites of Pluto, provisionally designated S/2005 P 1 and S/2005 P 2, were discovered, as discussed by Weaver et al. (2006) and Stern et al. (2006a). Confirming observations of the newly discovered moons were obtained using the ACS in the High Resolution Channel (HRC) mode on 2006 Feb 15 (Mutchler et al. 2006). Both sets of observations provide strong constraints on the existence of any additional satellites in the Pluto system. Based on the May 2005 observations using the ACS/WFC, we place a 90%-confidence lower limit of m_V = 26.8 (m_V = 27.4 for a 50%-confidence lower limit) on the magnitude of undiscovered satellites greater than 5" (1.1x10^5 km) from Pluto. Using the 2005 Feb 15 ACS/HRC observations we place 90%-confidence lower limits on the apparent magnitude of any additional satellites of m_V = 26.4 between 3"-5" (6.9x10^4-1.1x10^5 km) from Pluto, m_V = 25.7 between 1"-3" (2.3x10^4-6.9x10^4 km) from Pluto, and m_V = 24. between 0.3"-1" (6.9x10^3-2.3x10^4 km) from Pluto. The 90%-confidence magnitude limits translate into upper limits on the diameters of undiscovered satellites of 29 km outside of 5" from Pluto, 36 km between 3"-5" from Pluto, 49 km between 1"-3" from Pluto, and 115 km between 0.3"-1" for a comet-like albedo of p_V = 0.04. If potential satellites are assumed to have a Charon-like albedo of p_V = 0.38, the diameter limits are 9 km, 12 km, 16 km, and 37 km, respectively.
description: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal 17 pages including 4 figures
Dispersion of the high-energy phonon modes in Nd$_{1.85}$Ce$_{0.15}$CuO$_4$
Creators: name: Braden, M.
name: Pintschovius, L.
name: Uefuji, T.
name: Yamada, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersion of the high-energy phonon modes in the electron doped high-temperature superconductor Nd$_{1.85}$Ce$_{0.15}$CuO$_4$ has been studied by inelastic neutron scattering. The frequencies of phonon modes with Cu-O bond-stretching character drop abruptly when going from the Brillouin zone center along the [100]-direction; this dispersion is qualitatively similar to observations in the hole-doped cuprates. We also find a softening of the bond-stretching modes along the [110]-direction but which is weaker and exhibits a sinusoidal dispersion. The phonon anomalies are discussed in comparison to hole-doped cuprate superconductors and other metallic perovskites.
Using Semantic Web Services for AI-Based Research in Industry 4.0
Creators: name: Malburg, Lukas
name: Klein, Patrick
name: Bergmann, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The transition to Industry 4.0 requires smart manufacturing systems that are easily configurable and provide a high level of flexibility during manufacturing in order to achieve mass customization or to support cloud manufacturing. To realize this, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods find their way into manufacturing shop floors. For using AI methods in the context of Industry 4.0, semantic web services are indispensable to provide a reasonable abstraction of the underlying manufacturing capabilities. In this paper, we present semantic web services for AI-based research in Industry 4.0. Therefore, we developed more than 300 semantic web services for a physical simulation factory based on Web Ontology Language for Web Services (OWL-S) and Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) and linked them to an already existing domain ontology for intelligent manufacturing control. Suitable for the requirements of CPS environments, our pre- and postconditions are verified in near real-time by invoking other semantic web services in contrast to complex reasoning within the knowledge base. Finally, we evaluate our implementation by executing a cyber-physical workflow composed of semantic web services using a workflow management system.
description: Submitted to ISWC 2020