cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A New Class of Asymptotically Non-Chaotic Vacuum Singularities
Creators: name: Klinger, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BKL conjecture, stated in the 60s and early 70s by Belinski, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz, proposes a detailed description of the generic asymptotic dynamics of spacetimes as they approach a spacelike singularity. It predicts complicated chaotic behaviour in the generic case, but simpler non-chaotic one in cases with symmetry assumptions or certain kinds of matter fields. Here we construct a new class of four-dimensional vacuum spacetimes containing spacelike singularities which show non-chaotic behaviour. In contrast with previous constructions, no symmetry assumptions are made. Rather, the metric is decomposed in Iwasawa variables and conditions on the asymptotic evolution of some of them are imposed. The constructed solutions contain five free functions of all space coordinates, two of which are constrained by inequalities. We investigate continuous and discrete isometries and compare the solutions to previous constructions. Finally, we give the asymptotic behaviour of the metric components and curvature.
description: MSc Thesis, 42 pages; v2: appendix on cosmological constant added, typos corrected; v3: typos corrected
Active magneto-optical control of spontaneous emission in graphene
Creators: name: Kort-Kamp, W. J. M.
name: Amorim, B.
name: Bastos, G.
name: Pinheiro, F. A.
name: Rosa, F. S. S.
name: Peres, N. M. R.
name: Farina, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spontaneous emission rate of a two-level quantum emitter near a graphene-coated substrate under the influence of an external magnetic field or strain induced pseudo-magnetic field. We demonstrate that the application of the magnetic field can substantially increase or decrease the decay rate. We show that a suppression as large as 99$\%$ in the Purcell factor is achieved even for moderate magnetic fields. The emitter's lifetime is a discontinuous function of $|{\bf B}|$, which is a direct consequence of the occurrence of discrete Landau levels in graphene. We demonstrate that, in the near-field regime, the magnetic field enables an unprecedented control of the decay pathways into which the photon/polariton can be emitted. Our findings strongly suggest that a magnetic field could act as an efficient agent for on-demand, active control of light-matter interactions in graphene at the quantum level.
description: Accepted PRB. Longer version including calculation details. 10 pages, 5 figures
W-shaped solitons generated from a weak modulation in the Sasa-Satsuma equation
Creators: name: Zhao, Li-Chen
name: Li, Sheng-Chang
name: Ling, Liming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit on rational solution of Sasa-Satsuma equation, which can be used to describe evolution of optical field in a nonlinear fiber with some high-order effects. We find a striking dynamical process which involves both modulational instability and modulational stability regimes, in contrast to the rogue waves and W-shaped soliton reported before which involves modulational instability and stability respectively. It is demonstrated that stable W-shaped solitons can be generated from a weak modulation signal on continuous wave background. This provides a possible way to obtain stable high-intensity pulse from low-intensity continuous wave background.
A natural extension of the conformal Lorentz group in a field theory context
Creators: name: Laszlo, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 08A35 (Primary), 20G20, 83E99 (Secondary)

description: In this paper a finite dimensional unital associative algebra is presented, and its group of algebra automorphisms is detailed. The studied algebra can physically be understood as the creation operator algebra in a formal quantum field theory at fixed momentum for a spin 1/2 particle along with its antiparticle. It is shown that the essential part of the corresponding automorphism group can naturally be related to the conformal Lorentz group. In addition, the non-semisimple part of the automorphism group can be understood as "dressing" of the pure one-particle states. The studied mathematical structure may help in constructing quantum field theories in a non-perturbative manner. In addition, it provides a simple example of circumventing Coleman-Mandula theorem using non-semisimple groups, without SUSY.
description: 12 pages, contribution to Proceedings of Gribov-85 Memorial Workshop (2015)
Human breast milk and antiretrovirals dramatically reduce oral HIV-1 transmission in BLT humanized mice
Creators: name: Swanson, Michael D.
name: Nochi, Tomonori
name: Chateau, Morgan
name: Olesen, Rikke
name: Wahl, Angela
name: Denton, Paul W.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Currently, over 15% of new HIV infections occur in children. Breastfeeding is a major contributor to HIV infections in infants. This represents a major paradox in the field because in vitro, breast milk has been shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on HIV infectivity. However, this inhibitory effect has never been demonstrated in vivo. Here, we address this important paradox using the first humanized mouse model of oral HIV transmission. We established that reconstitution of the oral cavity and upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) mice with human leukocytes, including the human cell types important for mucosal HIV transmission (i.e. dendritic cells, macrophages and CD4+ T cells), renders them susceptible to oral transmission of cell-free and cell-associated HIV. Oral transmission of HIV resulted in systemic infection of lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues that is characterized by the presence of HIV RNA in plasma and a gradual decline of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. Consistent with infection of the oral cavity, we observed virus shedding into saliva. We then evaluated the role of human breast milk on oral HIV transmission. Our in vivo results demonstrate that breast milk has a strong inhibitory effect on oral transmission of both cell-free and cell-associated HIV. Finally, we evaluated the effect of antiretrovirals on oral transmission of HIV. Our results show that systemic antiretrovirals administered prior to exposure can efficiently prevent oral HIV transmission in BLT mice.
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Lentz, Marie Sophie Jensdatter

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1729 for Marie Sophie Jensdatter Lentz.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Breaking the symmetries in self-induced flavor conversions of neutrino beams from a ring
Creators: name: Mirizzi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-induced flavor conversions of supernova (SN) neutrinos have been characterized in the spherically symmetric "bulb" model, reducing the neutrino evolution to a one dimensional problem along a radial direction. We lift this assumption, presenting a two-dimensional toy-model where neutrino beams are launched in many different directions from a ring. We find that self-interacting neutrinos spontaneously break the spatial symmetries of this model. As a result the flavor content and the lepton number of the neutrino gas would acquire seizable direction-dependent variations, breaking the coherent behavior found in the symmetric case. This finding would suggest that the previous results of the self-induced flavor evolution obtained in one-dimensional models should be critically re-examined.
description: v2 (8 pages, 9 eps figures): Revised version. Major changes. Model improved and clarified. Calculations and figures updated. Matches the version accepted for publication on PRD
HLA class I molecules consistently present internal influenza epitopes
Creators: name: Schafer, Fredda
name: Air, Gillian M.
name: Wahl, Angela
name: Hildebrand, William H.
name: Bardet, Wilfried
name: Buchli, Rico
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) limit influenza virus replication and prevent morbidity and mortality upon recognition of HLA class I presented epitopes on the surface of virus infected cells, yet the number and origin of the viral epitopes that decorate the infected cell are unknown. To understand the presentation of influenza virus ligands by human MHC class I molecules, HLA-B*0702-presented viral peptides were directly identified following influenza infection. After transfection with soluble class I molecules, peptide ligands unique to infected cells were eluted from isolated MHC molecules and identified by comparative mass spectrometry (MS). Then CTL were gathered following infection with influenza and viral peptides were tested for immune recognition. We found that the class I molecule B*0702 presents 3-6 viral ligands following infection with different strains of influenza. Peptide ligands derived from the internal viral nucleoprotein (NP418-426 and NP 473-481) and from the internal viral polymerase subunit PB1 (PB1 329-337) were presented by B*0702 following infection with each of 3 different influenza strains; ligands NP418-426, NP 473-481, and PB1329-337 derived from internal viral proteins were consistently revealed by class I HLA. In contrast, ligands derived from hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix protein (M1) were presented intermittently on a strain-by-strain basis. When tested for immune recognition, HLA-B*0702 transgenic mice responded to NP418-426 and PB1 329-337 consistently and NP473-481 intermittently while ligands from HA and M1 were not recognized. These data demonstrate an emerging pattern whereby class I HLA reveal a handful of internal viral ligands and whereby CTL recognize consistently presented influenza ligands.
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Morsing, Anna Knudsdatter

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1729 for Anna Knudsdatter Morsing.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Allographa hossei Lucking & Kalb 2018, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Kalb, Jutarat
name: Lücking, Robert
name: Kalb, Klaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Ostropales
Graphidaceae
Allographa
Allographa hossei

description: Allographa hossei (Vain.) Lücking & Kalb, comb. nov.
Mycobank MB 827652
 Basionym: Graphis hossei Vainio, Ann. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. ‘Vanamo’ 1: 54 (1921).
 Type:— THAILAND. Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep, ad corticem arboris, 1875 m, 1904, C. C. Hosseus (TUR-Vainio 27806!, lectotype, designated by Lücking et al. 2009: 393).
 Thallus corticolous, whitish-gray to greenish gray, smooth, dull. Lirellae prominent, with a basal (to lateral) thalline margin, elongate, straight, curved or sinuose, unbranched or irregularly branched, labia convergent or partly divergent, not pruinose or slightly whitish pruinose along the slit, entire (hossei -morph), disc usually not or rarely visible from above. Exciple laterally to almost completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores (2–) 4–8/ascus, hyaline, with 11–17 transverse septa, 50–110 × 8–14 μm (Lücking et al. 2009, lectotype); 13–14-septate, 50–67 × 10–11 μm (protologue).
 Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (Lücking et al. 2009).
 Distribution and habitat:—Palaeotropical, corticolous between 1200 and 2100 m.
 Remarks:—Despite collected in various Southeast-Asian countries (Philippines as G. nematodiza Vain., China as G. bifera var. cinerea Zahlbr. and G. connectens Zahlbr., Java as G. psidii Groenh. (all synonyms from Lücking et al. 2009) this is obviously a rare species in Thailand. No further collections are published since its description, but we have studied a specimen from Loei province, collected by V. Poengsungnoen and preserved in RAMK.
 Material from Thailand examined:—see lectotype — Loei province: Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, ‘ Khok Promahchan’ area, Khok Nok Kraba Ranger Station, on trunks of an unidentified tree, 2008, V . Poengsungnoen, (RAMK 12801).
description: Published as part of Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 377 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13728852
Epitope discovery in West Nile virus infection: Identification and immune recognition of viral epitopes
Creators: name: Wahl, Angela
name: Bramson, Jonathan
name: Cook, Robert L.
name: Loeb, Mark
name: Buchli, Rico
name: Eckerd, Annette
name: Lelic, Alina
name: Chakrabarti, Ayan K.
name: Rinaldo, Charles R.
name: Bardet, Wilfried
name: Yablonsky, Eric J.
name: McMurtry, Curtis P.
name: Hess, Rachael
name: Hildebrand, William H.
name: Piazza, Paolo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in the control and elimination of infection by West Nile virus (WNV), yet the class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-presented peptide epitopes that enable CTL recognition of WNV-infected cells remain uncharacterized. The goals of this work were first to discover the peptide epitopes that distinguish the class I HLA of WNV-infected cells and then to test the T cell reactivity of newly discovered WNV epitopes. To discover WNV-immune epitopes, class I HLA was harvested from WNV (NY99 strain)-infected and uninfected HeLa cells. Then peptide epitopes were eluted from affinity-purified HLA, and peptide epitopes from infected and uninfected cells were comparatively mapped by mass spectroscopy. Six virus-derived peptides from five different viral proteins (E, NS2b, NS3, NS4b, and NS5) were discovered as unique to HLA-A*0201 of infected cells, demonstrating that the peptides sampled by class I HLA are distributed widely throughout the WNV proteome. When tested with CTL from infected individuals, one dominant WNV target was apparent, two epitopes were subdominant, and three demonstrated little CTL reactivity. Finally, a sequence comparison of these epitopes with the hundreds of viral isolates shows that HLA-A*0201 presents epitopes derived from conserved regions of the virus. Detection and recovery from WNV infection are therefore functions of the ability of class I HLA molecules to reveal conserved WNV epitopes to an intact cellular immune system that subsequently recognizes infected cells.
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Morsing, Anna Knudsdatter

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1730 for Anna Knudsdatter Morsing.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Spatiotemporal Forecasting and Causality Methods for the Arctic Amplification
Creators: name: Ali, Sahara
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Causal Inference
Climate Change
Deep Learning
Machine Learning
Spatiotemporal Data Mining
Time-series Forecasting

description: The Arctic is a region with unique climate features where warming has been almost three times as fast as the rest of the world. The warming of the Arctic, also known as Arctic amplification, is led by several atmospheric and oceanic drivers. One of the devastating implications of Arctic amplification is the unprecedented sea ice loss as demonstrated by satellite observations. However, understanding the causes of sea-ice variations and its feedback on the atmospheric processes is a complex task. This brings us to three key research areas studied in this dissertation: (i) accurate forecasting of climate data in the Arctic on sub-seasonal to seasonal scales, (ii) estimating the influence of atmospheric processes and their time-varying effects on the sea-ice and ice-sheet variations. (iii) estimating the spatial interference of atmospheric processes and their time-varying effects on the sub-regional sea-ice variations. For the first topic, this research explores the potential of data-driven approaches to study sea ice variations by proposing custom deep learning modeling techniques to learn spatiotemporal variations in the sea ice. The proposed models reduce the prediction error by 60% as compared to the state-of-the-art approaches, while the work further contributes to accurate long-term forecasting beyond the seasonal barrier. For the second topic, the research utilizes potential outcome framework to infer causation in climate data on daily and monthly temporal scales using custom models based on recurrent neural networks to infer causation under continuous treatment, and a novel probabilistic balancing technique to reduce the confounding bias. For the third topic, this work formalizes the concept of spatial interference in case of time-varying treatment assignments. By extending the potential outcome framework and utilizing latent factor modeling to reduce the bias due to time-varying confounding, the framework leverages the power of U-Net architecture to capture global and local spatial interference in data over time. Being the first of its kind deep learning based spatiotemporal causal inference technique, the proposed approach shows advantages over several baseline methods based on the experiment results on two synthetic datasets, with and without spatial interference. The empirical results on Arctic dataset not only align with domain knowledge, but also pave paths in quantifying the impact of causal drivers of climate change in the Arctic. Overall, these predictive and inferential models have the potential to generalize for multiple downstream tasks and can be extended to other domains beyond Earth Science.
Inhomogeneous discrete-time exclusion processes
Creators: name: Crampe, N.
name: Mallick, K.
name: Ragoucy, E.
name: Vanicat, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study discrete time Markov processes with periodic or open boundary conditions and with inhomogeneous rates in the bulk. The Markov matrices are given by the inhomogeneous transfer matrices introduced previously to prove the integrability of quantum spin chains. We show that these processes have a simple graphical interpretation and correspond to a sequential update. We compute their stationary state using a matrix ansatz and express their normalization factors as Schur polynomials. A connection between Bethe roots and Lee-Yang zeros is also pointed out.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures; a short paragraph at the end to justify the form of the sequential update has been added; the justification of the transfer matrix degree is detailed
A Scoping Review of the Study of Researcher Identity Development Among Undergraduate Students Participating in Mentored Research in Academic Settings
Creators: name: Haoyong Lan
name: Bernazzoli, Richelle
name: Gainey, Melanie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Undergraduate Education
subject: Higher Education
subject: Evidence Synthesis
subject: Scoping Review
subject: Undergraduate Research

description: This is a preregistration of the protocol for A Scoping Review of the Study of Researcher Identity Development Among Undergraduate Students Participating in Mentored Research in Academic Settings. Our aim is to determine the dominant ways in which “researcher identity” is defined and used in the literature, as well the major conclusions drawn regarding the process of researcher identity development, and the contexts in which the phenomenon is both well studied and understudied.
Monotone Projection Lower Bounds from Extended Formulation Lower Bounds
Creators: name: Grochow, Joshua A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.3; F.2.1; G.1.6
subject: 68Q15, 68Q17, 90C05, 15A15, 05C70

description: In this short note, we reduce lower bounds on monotone projections of polynomials to lower bounds on extended formulations of polytopes. Applying our reduction to the seminal extended formulation lower bounds of Fiorini, Massar, Pokutta, Tiwari, & de Wolf (STOC 2012; J. ACM, 2015) and Rothvoss (STOC 2014; J. ACM, 2017), we obtain the following interesting consequences. 1. The Hamiltonian Cycle polynomial is not a monotone subexponential-size projection of the permanent; this both rules out a natural attempt at a monotone lower bound on the Boolean permanent, and shows that the permanent is not complete for non-negative polynomials in VNP$_{\mathbb R}$ under monotone p-projections. 2. The cut polynomials and the perfect matching polynomial (or "unsigned Pfaffian") are not monotone p-projections of the permanent. The latter, over the Boolean and-or semi-ring, rules out monotone reductions in one of the natural approaches to reducing perfect matchings in general graphs to perfect matchings in bipartite graphs. As the permanent is universal for monotone formulas, these results also imply exponential lower bounds on the monotone formula size and monotone circuit size of these polynomials.
description: Published in Theory of Computing, Volume 13 (2017), Article 18; Received: November 10, 2015, Revised: July 27, 2016, Published: December 22, 2017
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Andersen, Maria

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1729 for Maria Andersen.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Piano:
Creators: name: Putchinski, Kristin Sarah
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024

description: Piano: is a series of actions, performances and sculptures that utilize pianos as the primary objects through which I explore concepts of tension, transformation and release. It is a trifold process of unmaking, playing and remaking. Pianos are rich in symbolic meaning. This work is inspired by my desire to challenge my traditional training in this instrument and to express some of my experience of recovery from profound encounters with violent trauma. In these pages, I illustrate the origins of my ideas and my creative process. In three chapters, I describe materials, movements and memories using mutable language that reflects the unpredictable nature of my healing.
ASL ceke - Form-based prediction in American Sign Language
Creators: name: Yacovone, Anthony
name: Kocab, Annemarie
name: Moore, Jessica
name: Davidson, Kathryn
name: Snedeker, Jesse
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This is an EEG study looking at form-based prediction in native signers of ASL as they watch naturally-produced stories.
Investigation of possibilities to influence self-structured behaviour in an applied voluntary task switching paradigm
Creators: name: Wehner, Peggy
name: Herbers, Judith
name: Pannasch, Sebastian
name: Scherbaum, Stefan
name: Surrey, Caroline
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Applied Behavior Analysis
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Handling everyday life requires humans to process countless relevant and also irrelevant stimuli. The ability to handle this challenge is often investigated using task switching paradigms, which are very structured and strongly determine the behavior of the participants. The different strategies that participants use in the real environment to overcome this problem can thus be difficult to identify and analyze. Therefore, we have developed an applied voluntary task switching paradigm that more closely reflects the real challenges. The results of one of our previous studies showed that participants used different self-selected processing strategies in a stable manner over the course of the experiment. Moreover, typical effects of task switching were evident in our results. The aims of this project are to examine how participant’s behavior, strategy selection, and performance change if we explicitly tell them which strategy to use at the beginning of the experiment.
A trip down memory lane with Retrovirology
Creators: name: Kirchhoff, Frank
name: Strebel, Klaus
name: Fassati, Ariberto
name: Benkirane, Monsef
name: Garcia-Martinez, J. Victor
name: Venter, Francois
name: Ross, Susan
name: Nijhuis, Monique
name: Fujii, Masahiro
name: Borrow, Persephone
name: Lever, Andrew
name: Margolis, D.
name: Parent, Leslie
name: Mak, Johnson
name: Berkhout, Ben
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Fifteen years ago, Retrovirology was amongst the first
open-access journals to be established through Biomed
Central, instigated by our late Founding Editor Dr. Kuan-
Teh Jeang. Since then, in what seemed like a rather daring
move to be paper-free, Retrovirology has witnessed
the exponential growth of open access journals that have
changed the landscape of scientific publishing and communications.
As was pointed out by the staff editors in
PLoS Biology [1], the infancy of open access journal was
a very different time from our present day, which was
before smartphones, prior to most of the digital social
media platforms and at a time when we had only begun
to learn about the completed DNA sequences from the
Human Genome Project.
Allographa leptospora Lucking & Kalb 2018, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Kalb, Jutarat
name: Lücking, Robert
name: Kalb, Klaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Ostropales
Graphidaceae
Allographa
Allographa leptospora

description: Allographa leptospora (Vain.) Lücking & Kalb, comb. nov.
Mycobank MB 827653
 Basionym: Graphis leptospora Vainio, Ann. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. ‘Vanamo’ 1: 53 (1921).
 Type:— THAILAND. Chiang Mai province: Doi Suthep, ad corticem arboris, 1904, C. C. Hosseus 1875a (TUR-Vainio 27807!, holotype).
 Thallus corticolous, whitish to whitish gray or gray, continuous, smooth, glossy. Lirellae erumpent to prominent, with persistent, apically thin thalline margin, elongate, straight, curved or sinuous, unbranched or irregularly branched, labia convergent, finely striate, grayish, disc concealed (acharii -morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely 29–31-septate, 60–100 × 5–8 μm (protologue), 6–10 μm broad (holotype, Lücking et al. 2009), up to 15-septate, (27–) 40–75 (–100) × (7.2–) 8–9.5 (–11.5) μm (Lepista & Aptroot 2016).
Chemistry: norstictic acid (major) (M. Nakanishi on identification slip attached to the holotye).
 Distribution and habitat:— Thailand, Galapagos Islands and Portugal. This is a rare species and until recently, only the type material was known. Lepista & Aptroot (2016) however reported this species from Europe (Portugal). It was not present in our collections.
 Remarks:—As in many other species with large ascospores, they are variable in size also in A. leptospora.
description: Published as part of Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 377 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.377.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13728852
Heterogeneous antiretroviral drug distribution and HIV/SHIV detection in the gut of three species
Creators: name: Dellon, Evan S.
name: Muddiman, David C.
name: Kashuba, Angela D.M.
name: de la Cruz, Gabriela
name: Rosen, Elias P.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Mulder, Leila
name: Peery, Anne F.
name: Luciw, Paul
name: Estes, Jacob D.
name: Thompson, Corbin G.
name: Charlins, Paige
name: Akkina, Ramesh
name: Prince, Heather M.A.
name: White, Nicole
name: Adamson, Lourdes
name: Mathews, Michelle
name: Kovarova, Martina
name: Sykes, Craig
name: Gay, Cynthia
name: Arora, Shifali
name: Shaheen, Nicholas, J.
name: Deleage, Claire
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: HIV replication within tissues may increase in response to a reduced exposure to antiretroviral drugs. Traditional approaches to measuring drug concentrations in tissues are unable to characterize a heterogeneous drug distribution. Here, we used mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to visualize the distribution of six HIV antiretroviral drugs in gut tissue sections from three species (two strains of humanized mice, macaques, and humans). We measured drug concentrations in proximity to CD3+ T cells that are targeted by HIV, as well as expression of HIV or SHIV RNA and expression of the MDR1 drug efflux transporter in gut tissue from HIV-infected humanized mice, SHIV-infected macaques, and HIV-infected humans treated with combination antiretroviral drug therapy. Serial 10-μm sections of snap-frozen ileal and rectal tissue were analyzed by MSI for CD3+ T cells and MDR1 efflux transporter expression by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The tissue slices were analyzed for HIV/SHIV RNA expression by in situ hybridization and for antiretroviral drug concentrations by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gastrointestinal tissue distribution of the six drugs was heterogeneous. Fifty percent to 60% of CD3+ T cells did not colocalize with detectable drug concentrations in the gut tissue. In all three species, up to 90% of HIV/SHIV RNA was found to be expressed in gut tissue with no exposure to drug. These data suggest that there may be gut regions with little to no exposure to antiretroviral drugs, which may result in low-level HIV replication contributing to HIV persistence.
title: Προληπτική συντήρηση εξοπλισμού  με εφαρμογές στην Ναυτιλία
title: Preventive maintenance of equipment and applications  in Maritime industry

Creators: name: Ανδριανοπουλος Παναγιωτης-Μιχαηλ
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής είναι η περιγραφή του τρόπου με τον οποίο η τεχνολογία των ψηφιακών διδύμων (Digital Twin, DT) αξιοποιείται για την προληπτική συντήρηση εξοπλισμού, καθώς επίσης και πως η συγκεκριμένη μέθοδος βρίσκει εφαρμογή στον κλάδο της Ναυτιλίας. Αρχικά, γίνεται μια σύντομη περιγραφή των κυρίαρχων προσεγγίσεων στην συντήρηση του εξοπλισμού και μία επισκόπηση των διαδικασιών συντήρησης που διέπουν την ναυτιλιακή βιομηχανία. Ταυτόχρονα πραγματοποιείται η διαφοροποίηση της έννοιας προληπτικής συντήρησης σε περιοδική και προβλεπτική και διευκρινίζεται ότι το περιεχόμενο της παρούσας εργασίας εστιάζει στην προβλεπτική. Παράλληλα, γίνεται αναφορά κύριων χαρακτηριστικών των πλοίων καθώς και των κύριων στοιχείων εξοπλισμού τους. Στην συνέχεια, περιγράφεται το ψηφιακό δίδυμο με έμφαση σε πέντε δομικά χαρακτηριστικά του και τις κύριες τεχνολογίες που τα υποστηρίζουν όπως αυτά παρουσιάζονται στην σύγχρονη βιβλιογραφία. Έπειτα ακολουθεί η ανάλυση της μεθόδου της προβλεπτικής συντήρησης με την έννοια : «Πρόγνωση και Διαχείριση Υγείας» (Prognostics and Health Management), περιγράφοντας αναλυτικά την διαδικασία και αναδεικνύοντας τον τρόπο που ενσωματώνεται η τεχνολογία του DT. Εδώ, παρουσιάζονται και οι τρεις κύριες τεχνικές :ανάλυση κραδασμών, θερμογραφία, υπέρηχοι, που εφαρμόζονται από  την συγκεκριμένη μέθοδο. Τέλος γίνεται αναφορά  στην ενσωμάτωση της προβλεπτικής συντήρησης σε επιχειρησιακό επίπεδο με ενδεικτικές εφαρμογές σύγχρονων ναυτιλιακών πληροφοριακών συστημάτων .
description: The purpose of this thesis is the description of the way in which the Digital Twin (DT) technology is used for the preventive maintenance of equipment, as well as how this method is applied in the Maritime industry. First, a brief description of the dominant approaches to equipment maintenance and an overview of the maintenance procedures governing the marine industry are provided. The concept of preventive maintenance is differentiated into periodic and predictive maintenance, and it is clarified that the content of this work focuses on predictive maintenance. At the same time, it mentions the main characteristics of the ships as well as their main equipment. Next, the digital twin is described with an emphasis on its five structural characteristics and the main technologies that support them as they are presented in modern literature. Then follows the analysis of the method of predictive maintenance with the concept: "Prognostics and Health Management", describing in detail the process and highlighting the way in which DT technology is integrated. Here, the three main techniques are presented: vibration analysis, thermography, ultrasound, applied by this particular method. Finally, reference is made to the integration of predictive maintenance at the operational level with indicative applications of modern maritime information systems.
Dynamical formation & scattering of hierarchical triples: Cross sections, Kozai-Lidov oscillations, and collisions
Creators: name: Antognini, Joseph M. O.
name: Thompson, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical scattering of binaries and triple systems of stars, planets, and compact objects may produce highly inclined triple systems subject to Kozai-Lidov (KL) oscillations, potentially leading to collisions, mergers, Type Ia supernovae, and other phenomena. We present the results of more than 400 million gravitational scattering experiments of binary-binary, triple-single, and triple-binary scattering. We compute the cross sections for all possible outcomes and explore their dependencies on incoming velocity, mass, semi-major axis, and eccentricity, including analytic fits and discussion of the velocity dependence. For the production of new triple systems by scattering we find that compact triples are preferred, with ratios of outer to inner semi-major axes of ~few--100, flat or quasi-thermal eccentricity distributions, and flat distributions in cosine of the mutual inclination. Dynamically formed triples are thus subject to strong KL oscillations, the "eccentric Kozai mechanism," and non-secular effects. For single and binary flyby encounters with triple systems, we compute the cumulative cross section for changes to the mutual inclination, eccentricity, and semi-major axis ratio. We apply these results to scattering events in the field, open clusters, and globular clusters, and explore the implications for Type Ia supernovae via collisions and mergers, stellar collisions, and the lifetime and dynamical isolation of triple systems undergoing KL oscillations. An Appendix provides an analysis of the velocity dependence of the collision cross section in binary-single scattering.
description: 31 pages, 19 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Neurosymbolic Narrative Construction from Open Source Intelligence
Creators: name: Ranade, Priyanka
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Information Retrieval
Knowledge Representation
Large Language Models
Narratives
Neruosymbolic
Semantic Web

description: Breaking real-world events are typically reported via Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) sources such as news websites, blogs, and discussion forums. Search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing aggregate this volume of information by relevance using a variety of ranking algorithms. End users manually parse search engine results pages and organize event incidents to form coherent explanations about associated themes and temporal relationships surrounding a queried topic. The process of piecing event incidents into a chronological and contextually-coherent sequence is known as narrative construction. Narrative construction across open events is generally a convoluted process, as events are reported and instantiated by potentially many users at a time, introducing noise such as misinformation, redundant or outdated data, and conflicting reporting. Conventional search engines lack construction abilities that address these challenges. The advent of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Gemini has revolutionized the synthesis of dynamic, disparate information during semantic search, diminishing the requirement for end users to manually parse results about topics of interest. This form of chatbot-based multi-document collation and summarization closely resembles the narrative construction process. Though this method provides potential benefits in condensing complex content and increasing overall event situational awareness, it still has several limitations: (i) difficult and sometimes impossible to integrate updated content dynamically, (ii) generation of non-factual, irrelevant, or incomplete information, (iii) high variability and subjectivity in responses, and (iv) lack of provenance, attribution, and trust for knowledge sources used to generate responses. This thesis presents a set of approaches in neurosymbolic representation and construction of disparately sourced event narratives. The primary contribution of this work is a novel Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework, FABULA, which implements a Web Ontology Language (OWL) schema as an intermediary plot representation to guide a decoder LLM to generate delineated event incidents as a constructed narrative about a queried topic. FABULA is composed of: (i) An Information Extraction (IE) approach for parsing unstructured event incidents, (ii) Integration of event incidents into a novel semantic web ontology, Event Narrative Ontology (ENO), and (iii) Schema-derived prompting during autoregressive narrative construction. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are used to evaluate the implementation of a plot schema as a search function. Experiments are performed across generic public news events and cybersecurity domain use cases.
PLZF-expressing CD4 T cells show the characteristics of terminally differentiated effector memory CD4 T cells in humans
Creators: name: Green, Glenn E.
name: Kim, Yeung-Hyen
name: Zhu, Lingqiao
name: Lopez, Cesar
name: Ohye, Richard G.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Pyaram, Kalyani
name: Chang, Cheong-Hee
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: In humans, promyelocytic leukaemia zinc
finger (PLZF)+CD161+CD4 T cells develop
in the fetal thymus [1] but these cells were
not detectable in thymi obtained from children
(11 days to 5.5 years) (Fig. 1A).
However, we found PLZF+CD4 T cells
within CD45RA+RO+CD4 T cells from tonsils
and spleens but rarely in blood (Fig. 1B,
left panel and 1C; Supporting Information
Fig. 1A and B). PLZF expression was
also confirmed by mRNA analysis in these
cells from tonsils (Fig. 1B, right panel).
CD8 T cells had a very low frequency
of CD45RA+RO+ cells compared to CD4
T cells and these cells did not express
PLZF (Fig. 1B). We also validated that
CD45RA+RO+CD4 T cells are not mucosalassociated
invariant T cells [2] (data not
shown). PLZF-expressing NKT cells were
excluded from all our analyses by CD1d-
Tetramer staining (Supporting Information
Fig. 2)
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Olsdatter, Berte

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1729 for Berte Olsdatter.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Recollision induced superradiance of ionized nitrogen molecules
Creators: name: Liu, Yi
name: Ding, Pengji
name: Lambert, Guillaume
name: Houard, Aurelien
name: Tikhonchuk, Vladimir
name: Mysyrowicz, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new mechanism to explain the origin of optical gain in the transitions between excited and ground state of the ionized nitrogen molecule following irradiation of neutral nitrogen molecules with an intense ultra short laser pulse. An efficient transfer of population to the excited state is achieved via field-induced multiple recollisions. We show that the proposed excitation mechanism must lead to a super-radiant emission, a feature that we confirm experimentally.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Minimal surfaces in minimally convex domains
Creators: name: Alarcon, Antonio
name: Drnovsek, Barbara Drinovec
name: Forstneric, Franc
name: Lopez, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove that every conformal minimal immersion of a compact bordered Riemann surface $M$ into a minimally convex domain $D\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ can be approximated, uniformly on compacts in $\mathring M=M\setminus bM$, by proper complete conformal minimal immersions $\mathring M\to D$. We also obtain a rigidity theorem for complete immersed minimal surfaces of finite total curvature contained in a minimally convex domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$, and we characterize the minimal surface hull of a compact set $K$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for any $n\ge 3$ by sequences of conformal minimal disks whose boundaries converge to $K$ in the measure theoretic sense.
description: Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
Modelling geographic access and school catchment areas across public primary schools to support subnational planning in Kenya
Creators: name: Macharia, Peter M.
name: Moturi, Angela K.
name: Mumo, Eda
name: Giorgi, Emanuele
name: Okiro, Emelda A.
name: Snow, Robert W.
name: Ray, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Understanding the location of schools relative to the population they serve is important to contextualise the time, students must travel and to define school catchment areas (SCAs) for planning. We assembled a spatio-temporal database of public primary schools (PPS), population density of school-going children (SGC), and factors affecting travel in 2009 and 2020 in Kenya. We combined the assembled datasets within cost distance and cost allocation algorithms to compute travel time to the nearest PPS and define SCAs. We elucidated travel time and marginalised SGC living outside 24-minutes, government's threshold at sub-county level (decision-making units). Weassembled 2170 PPS in 2009 and 4682 in 2020, an increase of 115.8%, while the average travel time reduced from 28 to 17 minutes between 2009 and 2020. Nationally, 65% of SGC were within 24-minutes’ catchment in 2009, which increased to 89% in 2020. Subnationally, 19 and 61 out of 62 sub-counties had over 75% of SGC within the same threshold, in 2009 and 2020, respectively. Findings can be used to target the marginalised SGC, and monitor progress towards attainment of national and Sustainable Development Goals. The framework can be applied in other contexts to assemble geocoded school lists, characterise travel time and model SCA.
Structural information about the $\text{Ar}_6$ cluster with the frozen Gaussian imaginary time propagator
Creators: name: Cartarius, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerically cheap way to obtain structural information about clusters of rare gas atoms at low temperatures is developed. The semiclassical frozen Gaussian imaginary time propagator is extended such that it can account for the mean values of all inter-atomic distances in the cluster and their variances. To reduce the required numerical effort an approximation for the mean values is developed which preserves the quality of the results offered by the semiclassical ansatz. The method is applied to the $\text{Ar}_6$ cluster. It is found that the cluster dissociates almost in one step to six free atoms when the temperature is increased. Precursors of the dissociation are only observable in the distances of the atoms via the appearance of a second isomer. The process is almost classical. However, the method is able to resolve small differences in the temperatures at which the dissociation takes place and in the mean distances of the bound configuration.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, one additional figure with extended discussion in the text, extended list of references
[Begravelsesvers]
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Dorscheus, Christian

description: Begravelsesvers fra 1730 for Christian Dorscheus.
description: Et Bind indeholdende 76 personalhist. Tryk ved Begravelser i Kjøbenhavn, 18. Aarh.
Entropic Equilibria Selection of Stationary Extrema in Finite Populations
Creators: name: Harper, Marc
name: Fryer, Dashiell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose the entropy of random Markov trajectories originating and terminating at a state as a measure of the stability of a state of a Markov process. These entropies can be computed in terms of the entropy rates and stationary distributions of Markov processes. We apply this definition of stability to local maxima and minima of the stationary distribution of the Moran process with mutation and show that variations in population size, mutation rate, and strength of selection all affect the stability of the stationary extrema.