cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Organ at Risk Segmentation for Head and Neck Cancer using Stratified Learning and Neural Architecture Search
Creators: name: Guo, Dazhou
name: Jin, Dakai
name: Zhu, Zhuotun
name: Ho, Tsung-Ying
name: Harrison, Adam P.
name: Chao, Chun-Hung
name: Xiao, Jing
name: Yuille, Alan
name: Lin, Chien-Yu
name: Lu, Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: OAR segmentation is a critical step in radiotherapy of head and neck (H&N) cancer, where inconsistencies across radiation oncologists and prohibitive labor costs motivate automated approaches. However, leading methods using standard fully convolutional network workflows that are challenged when the number of OARs becomes large, e.g. > 40. For such scenarios, insights can be gained from the stratification approaches seen in manual clinical OAR delineation. This is the goal of our work, where we introduce stratified organ at risk segmentation (SOARS), an approach that stratifies OARs into anchor, mid-level, and small & hard (S&H) categories. SOARS stratifies across two dimensions. The first dimension is that distinct processing pipelines are used for each OAR category. In particular, inspired by clinical practices, anchor OARs are used to guide the mid-level and S&H categories. The second dimension is that distinct network architectures are used to manage the significant contrast, size, and anatomy variations between different OARs. We use differentiable neural architecture search (NAS), allowing the network to choose among 2D, 3D or Pseudo-3D convolutions. Extensive 4-fold cross-validation on 142 H&N cancer patients with 42 manually labeled OARs, the most comprehensive OAR dataset to date, demonstrates that both pipeline- and NAS-stratification significantly improves quantitative performance over the state-of-the-art (from 69.52% to 73.68% in absolute Dice scores). Thus, SOARS provides a powerful and principled means to manage the highly complex segmentation space of OARs.
The influence of migration processes on rural development: a case study from Scotland
Creators: name: Bergmann, Holger
name: Thompson, Kenneth J.
name: Bergmann, Holger
name: Thompson, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: migration
subject: social capital
subject: rural Scotland
subject: new rural paradigm
subject: trust

description: In the past, much rural development planning has relied on the concept of growth poles. With the “new rural paradigm”, we find that place-specific development and bottom-up approaches have become more popular than ever. Such place-based development often envisages the use of social capital. However, insofar as social capital is a local asset that is incorporated in individuals, it can easily be destroyed but not easily rebuilt. Continued out-migration and low in-migration into rural areas can have detrimental effects on social capital, and subsequently weaken bottom-up processes in the short and medium term. This paper - based on a survey of 1412 persons in northern Scotland - suggests that intensified migratory processes destroy social capital in rural remote as well as in urban areas. The results show that not only does actual out-migration decrease the available stock of social capital but also that mere intentions to out-migrate do so as well. Insofar as social capital can be built or re-built only in the long term, policies are therefore needed that offer potential out-migrants place-specific opportunities and increase the rate of integration of in-migrants.
From small farming to rural, non-agricultural work in Romania: an evaluation on 3 measures of the rural development programme
Creators: name: Ghib, Marie-Luce
name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle
name: Ghib, Marie-Luce
name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: rural policies
subject: policy evaluation
subject: small farms
subject: Romania

description: Romanian rural areas contain the highest level of agricultural workers in the European Union, resulting in the challenge of stimulating non-agricultural employment. This paper uses the methodology of policy evaluation to analyse the influence of 3 measures the CAP. From an objectives tree to reveal the objectives of the programme to statistical analysis and field surveys, we analysed the pertinence, the coherence and the first results of those schemes. It was found that the targeted population was under estimated for one of the semi-subsistence schemes. Choosing activities (tourism and enterprise) which are open to all rural society leads to enhanced competition between beneficiaries. Due to the global context of economic crisis, co-financing can be met only by owners of strong capital, and the previous targeted population would then be only indirectly touched by the creation of jobs in rural areas.
Dual Models of Gauge Unification in Various Dimensions
Creators: name: Buchmuller, Wilfried
name: Hamaguchi, Koichi
name: Lebedev, Oleg
name: Ratz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a compactification of the heterotic string on an orbifold T^6/Z_6 leading to the standard model spectrum plus vector--like matter. The standard model gauge group is obtained as an intersection of three SO(10) subgroups of E_8. Three families of SO(10) 16-plets are localized at three equivalent fixed points. Gauge coupling unification favours existence of an intermediate GUT which can have any dimension between five and ten. Various GUT gauge groups occur. For example, in six dimensions one can have E_6 \times SU(3), SU(4) \times SU(4) \times U(1)^2 or SO(8) \times SO(8), depending on which of the compact dimensions are large. The different higher--dimensional GUTs are `dual' to each other. They represent different points in moduli space, with the same massless spectrum and ultraviolet completion.
description: 20 pages
Retraction in Montana Salish lateral consonants
Creators: name: McDowell, Ramona E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Although a number of researches have addressed the issue of consonant triggered vowel retraction in Salishan languages, these previous have always been undertaken from the standpoint of acoustic and/or phonological evidence. As documented in this literature (Bessell 1994, 1998; Doak 1992; Egesdal 1993; Czaykowska-Higgins 1990; Kuipers 1974; Martina 1979; Reichard 1938; Shahin 2002; Van Eijk 1997; etc.), consonants functioning as retraction triggers fall into two classes: (i) post-velars (uvulars, pharyngeals and sometimes laryngeals), and (ii) a subset of coronal consonants, including retracted Iri, Is/, Izl Iz'l III, /VI, and HI. Despite the large number of segments in the category of retracted consonants, there has been significantly little investigation into the articulatory process of retraction on any coronal, but most notably, a lack of investigation into the lateral consonants. The current study is an articulatory investigation into the status of retraction on the four lateral consonants in Montana Salish, which are comprised of a phonetically diverse array of segments: two approximants IV and lil, and two obstruents, a fricative l\l and an ejective affricate Fkl. Through the use of ultrasound imaging of the tongue taken during real time speech, this study examines the physical properties of tongue retraction in each of the lateral segments. The articulatory information, taken in consideration with the acoustic signal, provides convergent evidence for the determination of retraction on these consonants. Ultrasound imaging also allows for investigation into the coarticulatory influences such retraction may have on adjacent vowels. Understanding these two components of tongue retraction (the gestures involved and their corresponding coarticulatory effects) aims to contribute both to deepening our understanding of retraction within Salish languages, and to supplementing previous cross-linguistic work on the little studied lateral consonants. Beyond a well-needed articulatory description, this study helps evaluate the physiology of retraction within the phonological and acoustic based literature which distinguishes retraction as "uvularization" and "pharyhgealization". The examined coarticulatory patterns provide insight into the interaction of local gestural resolution versus phonological retraction effects. Lastly, results from this study provide information useful in the phonological debate over the legitimacy of the term "lateral" as a class of sounds.
An Intensity Mapping Detection of Aggregate CO Line Emission at 3 mm
Creators: name: Keating, Garrett K.
name: Marrone, Daniel P.
name: Bower, Geoffrey C.
name: Keenan, Ryan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detection of molecular gas emission at $z\sim1-5$ using the technique of line intensity mapping. We make use of a pair of 3 mm interferometric data sets, the first from the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS), and the second from a series of Atacama Compact Array (ACA) observations conducted between 2016 and 2018, targeting the COSMOS field. At 100 GHz, we measure non-zero power at 97.8% and 99.9% confidence in the ACA and ALMA data sets, respectively. In the joint result, we reject the zero-power hypothesis at 99.99% confidence, finding $\tilde{I}^{2}_{s}(ν)=770\pm210\ μ\textrm{K}^2\ \textrm{Hz}\ \textrm{sr}$. After accounting for sample variance effects, the estimated spectral shot power is $\tilde{I}^{2}_{s}(ν)=1010_{-390}^{+550}\ μ\textrm{K}^2\ \textrm{Hz}\ \textrm{sr}$. We derive a model for the various line species our measurement is expected to be sensitive to, and estimate the shot power to be $120_{-40}^{+80}\ μ\textrm{K}^2\ h^{-3}\,\textrm{Mpc}^{3}$, $200^{+120}_{-70}\ μ\textrm{K}^2\ h^{-3}\,\textrm{Mpc}^{3}$, and $90^{+70}_{-40}\ μ\textrm{K}^2\ h^{-3}\,\textrm{Mpc}^{3}$ for CO(2-1) at $z=1.3$, CO(3-2) at $z=2.5$, and CO(4-3) at $z=3.6$, respectively. Using line ratios appropriate for high-redshift galaxies, we find these results to be in good agreement with those from the CO Power Spectrum Survey (COPSS). Adopting $α_{\rm CO}=3.6\ M_{\odot}\ (\textrm{K}\ \textrm{km}\ \textrm{s}^{-1}\ \textrm{pc}^{2})^{-1}$, we estimate a cosmic molecular gas density of $ρ_{\textrm{H}_2}(z)\sim 10^{8}\ M_{\odot}\ \textrm{Mpc}^{-3}$ between $z=1-3$.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables, 2 appendices. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Multiorder topological superfluid phase transitions in a two-dimensional optical superlattice
Creators: name: Wu, Yu-Biao
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Zheng, Zhen
name: Zou, Xu-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-order topological superfluids have gapped bulk and symmetry-protected Majorana zero modes with various localizations. Motivated by recent advances, we present a proposal for synthesizing multi-order topological superfluids that support various Majorana zero modes in ultracold atomic gases. For this purpose, we use the two-dimensional optical superlattice that introduces a spatial modulation to the spin-orbit coupling in one direction, providing an extra degree of freedom for the emergent higher-order topological state. We find the topologically trivial superfluids, first-order and second-order topological superfluids, as well as different topological phase transitions among them with respect to the experimentally tunable parameters. Besides the conventional transition characterized by the Chern number associated with the bulk gap closing and reopening, we find the system can support the topological superfluids with Majorana corner modes, but the topological phase transition undergoes no gap-closing of bulk bands. Instead, the transition is refined by the quadrupole moment and signaled out by the gap-closing of edge states. The proposal is based on the $s$-wave interaction and is valid using existing experimental techniques, which unifies multi-order topological phase transitions in a simple but realistic system.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
The dimensions of social capital and rural development: evidence from Water Communities in the Republic of Macedonia
Creators: name: Gorton, Matthew
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Peshevski, Mile
name: Bosev, Dane
name: Shekerinov, Darko
name: Quarrie, Steve
name: Gorton, Matthew
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Peshevski, Mile
name: Bosev, Dane
name: Shekerinov, Darko
name: Quarrie, Steve
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: social capital
subject: rural development
subject: irrigation

description: Drawing on Nahapiet and Ghoshal's (1998) distinction between the structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions of social capital, this paper analyses the performance of Water Communities (WCs) in the Bregalnica region of the Republic of Macedonia. WCs are farmer-managed local irrigation systems which are critical to livelihoods in Bregalnica. Data on the performance of the WCs and role of social capital was collected via in-depth interviews and a farm survey (n=249) of both members and non-members. Results highlight the importance of social capital in explaining the decision to join a WC, the satisfaction of members with their WC, and payment behaviour.
NGC 2770: high supernova rate due to interaction
Creators: name: Michałowski, Michał J.
name: Thöne, Christina
name: Postigo, Antonio de Ugarte
name: Hjorth, Jens
name: Lesniewska, Aleksandra
name: Gotkiewicz, Natalia
name: Dimitrov, Wojciech
name: Koprowski, Maciej P.
name: Kamphuis, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies which hosted many core-collapse supernovae (SN) explosions can be used to study the conditions necessary for the formation of massive stars. NGC 2770 was dubbed a SN factory, because it hosted four core-collapse SNe in 20 years (three type Ib and one type IIn). Its star formation rate (SFR) was reported not to be enhanced and therefore not compatible with such a high SN rate. We aim at explaining the high SN rate of NGC 2770. We used archival HI line data for NGC 2770 and reinterpret the Halpha and optical continuum data. Even though the continuum-based SFR indicators do not yield high values, the dust-corrected Halpha luminosity implies a high SFR, consistent with the high SN rate. Such disparity between the SFR estimators is an indication of recently enhanced star formation activity, because the continuum indicators trace long timescale of the order of 100 Myr, unlike the line indicators, which trace timescales of the order of 10 Myr. Hence, the unique feature of NGC 2770 compared to other galaxies is the fact that it is observed very recently after the enhancement of the SFR. It also has high dust extinction, E(B-V) above 1 mag. We provide support for the hypothesis that the increased SFR in NGC 2770 is due to the interaction with its companion galaxies. We report an HI bridge between NGC 2770 and its closest companion and the existence of a total of four companions within 100 kpc (one identified for the first time). There are no clear HI concentrations close to the positions of SNe in NGC 2770 such as those detected for hosts of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and broad-lined SNe type Ic (IcBL). This suggests that the progenitors of type Ib SNe are not born out of recently accreted atomic gas, as was suggested for GRB and IcBL SN progenitors.
description: Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press, 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Illeis bielawskii Ghorpade
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Illeis
Illeis bielawskii

description: Illeis bielawskii Ghorpade
(Figs 111, 112)
Illeis bielawskii Ghorpade, 1976: 579 (Holotype male, UASB; Type locality: Karnataka).— Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1979: 64 (synonymy with I. bistigmosa); Poorani 2002a: 333 (as a synonym of I. bistigmosa); Poorani & Lalitha 2018: 113 (status restored).
Diagnosis. Length: 2.70–4.35 mm; width: 2.15–3.60 mm. Form (Figs 111a, b; 112e, f) broad oval, dorsum moderately convex and glabrous. Eyes broadly separated. Pronotum plain yellow, without any basal black spots. Elytra lemon yellow, with (rarely without) two prominent greyish discal patches, lateral margins of pronotum and elytra transparent. Ventral side uniformly pale yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 111d–f) and spermatheca (Fig. 111c) as illustrated.
Immature stages. Eggs whitish, spindle shaped, laid in groups. Larva (Fig. 112a, b) lemon yellow, with a short median black macula on head, narrow transverse black maculae on sides of thoracic segments and four rows of black spots on abdominal segments. Pupa (Fig. 112c, d) pale greyish with yellow and black markings.
Distribution. India: Very common in peninsular / south India (Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Nepal; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Indonesia; Malaysia; China.
Prey/associated habitat. Feeds on powdery mildews (Oidium sp., Phyllactinia sp., and others) infesting Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, mulberry, castor, sunflower, chillies, Rosa sp., Xanthium strumarium, Dalbergia sissoo, etc. (Ghorpade 1976; label data).
Seasonal occurrence. Present throughout the year, active during October–March and after rainy season (June– August) in South India.
Natural enemy. Nothoserphus mirabilis Brues.
Notes. Ghorpade (1976) described it from Karnataka, South India. Illeis bielawskii belongs to the bistigmosa group of species and Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1979) synonymized it with I. bistigmosa. Poorani & Lalitha (2018) treated it as a valid species in view of the following differences from I. bistigmosa: “larger size, broader and more rounded body outline, absence of pronotal spots, yellowish elytra with greyish discal patches and the male genitalia, particularly the tegmen which is subparallel for nearly two-thirds of its length and thereafter gradually narrowed towards apex in lateral view and the penis apex”.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Determinants of smallholders’ decisions to leave land fallow: the case of Kosovo
Creators: name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Davidova, Sophia
name: Latruffe, Laure
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Davidova, Sophia
name: Latruffe, Laure
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Fallow land decision
subject: Kosovo
subject: Endogeneity

description: The objective of this article is to investigate why farmers in Kosovo leave land fallow when the total land of their farms is small and households, almost fully dependent on farming for their livelihoods, are large. In order to elicit some of the barriers to land utilization, the article uses a comprehensive survey carried out during the agricultural year 2005/2006 to explore agricultural households’ perceptions of production, market conditions, and general security six years after the end of the military conflict in the former Yugoslavia. Several agro-environmental, household and farm characteristics are employed to empirically approximate the significance of different factors for leaving land fallow. Three different econometric models are used to address the characteristics of the dependent variable distribution by accounting for endogeneity. The main determinants of the share of land left fallow are found to be related to the economic and institutional structure: low profitability of farming; difficulty in accessing production factors and variable inputs; as well as uncertainty regarding property rights in land.
Renormalizing individual performance metrics for cultural heritage management of sports records
Creators: name: Petersen, Alexander M.
name: Penner, Orion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Individual performance metrics are commonly used to compare players from different eras. However, such cross-era comparison is often biased due to significant changes in success factors underlying player achievement rates (e.g. performance enhancing drugs and modern training regimens). Such historical comparison is more than fodder for casual discussion among sports fans, as it is also an issue of critical importance to the multi-billion dollar professional sport industry and the institutions (e.g. Hall of Fame) charged with preserving sports history and the legacy of outstanding players and achievements. To address this cultural heritage management issue, we report an objective statistical method for renormalizing career achievement metrics, one that is particularly tailored for common seasonal performance metrics, which are often aggregated into summary career metrics -- despite the fact that many player careers span different eras. Remarkably, we find that the method applied to comprehensive Major League Baseball and National Basketball Association player data preserves the overall functional form of the distribution of career achievement, both at the season and career level. As such, subsequent re-ranking of the top-50 all-time records in MLB and the NBA using renormalized metrics indicates reordering at the local rank level, as opposed to bulk reordering by era. This local order refinement signals time-independent mechanisms underlying annual and career achievement in professional sports, meaning that appropriately renormalized achievement metrics can be used to compare players from eras with different season lengths, team strategies, rules -- and possibly even different sports.
description: 18 pages: 4 figures and 7 tables
A Software Package to Construct Polynomial Sets over Z_2 for Determining the Output of Quantum Computations
Creators: name: Gerdt, Vladimir P.
name: Severyanov, Vasily M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A C# package is presented that allows a user for an input quantum circuit to generate a set of multivariate polynomials over the finite field Z_2 whose total number of solutions in Z_2 determines the output of the quantum computation defined by the circuit. The generated polynomial system can further be converted to the canonical Groebner basis form which provides a universal algorithmic tool for counting the number of common roots of the polynomials.
description: 5 pages, 4 Postscript figures, report presented on ACAT 2005
A Carbon-enhanced Lyman Limit System: Signature of the First Generation of Stars?
Creators: name: Zou, Siwei
name: Petitjean, Patrick
name: Noterdaeme, Pasquier
name: Ledoux, Cédric
name: Srianand, Raghunathan
name: Jiang, Linhua
name: Krogager, Jens-Kristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the study of a Lyman limit system (LLS) at $z_{\rm abs}$ = 1.5441 towards quasar J134122.50+185213.9 observed with VLT X-shooter. This is a very peculiar system with strong C I absorption seen associated with a neutral hydrogen column density of log $N$(H I) (cm$^{-2}$) = 18.10, too small to shield the gas from any external UV flux. The low ionization absorption lines exhibit a simple kinematic structure consistent with a single component. Using CLOUDY models to correct for ionization, we find that the ionization parameter of the gas is in the range $-$ 4.5 $$ +2.2 at [Fe/H] $\sim$ $-$1.6. Such a metal abundance pattern is reminiscent of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars detected in the Galaxy halo. Metal enrichment by the first generation of supernovae provides a plausible explanation for the inferred abundance pattern in this system.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Short supply chain: analysis of the competitiveness of organic horticultural farmers at Italian regional level
Creators: name: Bertazzoli, Aldo
name: Ruggeri, Arianna
name: Samoggia, Antonella
name: Bertazzoli, Aldo
name: Ruggeri, Arianna
name: Samoggia, Antonella
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: short chain
subject: direct selling
subject: horticultural
subject: organisation
subject: economic performance

description: The paper focuses on the competitiveness of organic horticultural farms implementing short food supply chain (SFSC), by analysing the organisational structures adopted by farmers and their economic performance. The collection of data based on face to face interviews with farmers and the review of the rural development plans of three central Italy regions. Results show that farms prefer a combination of organizational structures that involve both business to consumer and business to business strategies. A high number of farms realise direct selling to consumers implemented through in farm selling and market distribution channels. Nonetheless, farms performing the highest turnover take advantage from the support of informal or formal network of producers. At policy level intervention towards strengthening SFSC’s competitiveness is still lacking.
Illeis bistigmosa
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Illeis
Illeis bistigmosa

description: Illeis bistigmosa (Mulsant)
(Fig. 113)
Psyllobora bistigmosa Mulsant, 1850: 168 (Type locality: Penang, Malaysia).
Thea bistigmosa: Crotch 1874: 135.
Illeis bistigmosa: Bielawski 1961a: 366; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 288; Poorani & Lalitha 2018: 112.
Diagnosis. Length: 2.50–3.50 mm; width: 2.10–3.20 mm. Form (Fig. 113a, b) elongate oval, broadest around middle; dorsum moderately convex and glabrous. Head and pronotum yellow, pronotum with a pair of large black spots on posterior margin on either side of scutellum, lateral margins transparent. Elytra yellow to yellowish brown, lateral margins transparent. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete (Fig. 113c). Male genitalia (Fig. 113d–f) as illustrated.
Distribution. India: Northeastern region (Assam, Meghalaya); China.
Notes. It is closely related to I. bielawskii and appears to be slightly smaller in size. Kapur (1972) mentioned about examples of I. bistigmosa from southern India being smaller in size and lacking pronotal spots. Another pale creamy yellow species belonging to the bistigmosa complex, that is much smaller in size, also occurs in some parts of peninsular India and has very similar male genitalia. See Bielawski (1959, 1961), Yu (2010), Ren et al. (2009), and Poorani & Lalitha (2018) for more details / illustrations of I. bistigmosa.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on pages 159-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Transaction costs in agri-environmental schemes: the principal-agent-point of view
Creators: name: Weber, Anja Michaela
name: Nuppenau, Ernst-August
name: Weber, Anja Michaela
name: Nuppenau, Ernst-August
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: agri-environmental schemes
subject: transaction costs
subject: principal-agent-theory
subject: hesse
subject: Germany

description: Agri-environmental schemes provide payments for farmers in return for environmental services. Their implementation induces transaction costs for administration and farmers. Although transaction costs became subject of research in recent years, little attention has been paid to activities which create them. This paper uses insights from Principal-Agent-Theory to show, how information gaps between contracting partners result in tradeoffs inducing activities conducted at implementation level. A Grassland Extensification Scheme, provided in Hesse, Germany, serves as a case-study. The paper shows that attempts and incentives to overcome informational gaps are different for administration and farmer. Further, attempts to reduce transaction costs of own activities may have spillover effects on the transaction costs of the contracting partner and along the transaction process. Those effects should be taken into account in discussions on scheme evaluation and development.
Evaluating rural development policy - review of the CMEF
Creators: name: Huelemeyer, Kerstin
name: Schiller, Simone
name: Huelemeyer, Kerstin
name: Schiller, Simone
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: evaluation
subject: CMEF
subject: indicators
subject: political economy
subject: success factors

description: With the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (CMEF) a guidance document for evaluation of rural development policy has been published by the European Commission. The CMEF defines the requirements on monitoring and evaluation and specifies a limited number of quantitative common indicators applicable to each programme. While in general the introduction of the CMEF is considered as being a helpful tool for carrying out evaluation, substantial criticism has been expressed regarding the suggested methodological approach and the provided set of impact indicators. Based on qualitative analyses, this article focuses on contributing to a better understanding of the evaluation process in order to learn from stakeholder perceptions and draw conclusions on how evaluation of rural development policy can be improved.
Continual General Chunking Problem and SyncMap
Creators: name: Vargas, Danilo Vasconcellos
name: Asabuki, Toshitake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humans possess an inherent ability to chunk sequences into their constituent parts. In fact, this ability is thought to bootstrap language skills and learning of image patterns which might be a key to a more animal-like type of intelligence. Here, we propose a continual generalization of the chunking problem (an unsupervised problem), encompassing fixed and probabilistic chunks, discovery of temporal and causal structures and their continual variations. Additionally, we propose an algorithm called SyncMap that can learn and adapt to changes in the problem by creating a dynamic map which preserves the correlation between variables. Results of SyncMap suggest that the proposed algorithm learn near optimal solutions, despite the presence of many types of structures and their continual variation. When compared to Word2vec, PARSER and MRIL, SyncMap surpasses or ties with the best algorithm on $66\%$ of the scenarios while being the second best in the remaining $34\%$. SyncMap's model-free simple dynamics and the absence of loss functions reveal that, perhaps surprisingly, much can be done with self-organization alone. Code available at https://github.com/zweifel/SyncMap.
From Chinese to Filipino : changing identities of the Chinese in the Philippines
Creators: name: Chua, Dorothy Ang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper is an examination of the changing identities of the Chinese in the Philippines through three generations - the China-oriented first generation, the Philippine-born second generation, and the Philippine-oriented third generation. This paper explores the differential constructions of Chinese Filipino identity by colonial and postcolonial governments, the factions representing the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, Philippine opinionmakers, and the Chinese Filipinos themselves. This paper also examines the construction of a Chinese racial category in the Philippine context, and how a racialized construction of class has constituted the identity formation of Chinese Filipinos. Racially triangulated vis-à-vis the colonizers and the Filipinos, the Chinese were valorized relative to the natives for their economic skills but ostracized from the body politic due to their perceived foreignness. Throughout their history, they have been racialized as 'alien' and 'economically privileged' - the intersection of race and class at the center of Chinese Filipino identity.
On the NuTeV anomaly and the asymmetry of the strange sea in the nucleon
Creators: name: Wakamatsu, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our recent theoretical analysis based on the flavor SU(3) chiral quark soliton model predicts fairly large particle-antiparticle asymmetry of the strange sea in the nucleon. We point out that the predicted magnitude of asymmetry is large enough to solely resolve the so-called NuTeV anomaly on the fundamental parameter $\sin^2 θ_W$ in the standard model.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, revised final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Consumers and sellers heterogeneity, search costs and spatial price dispersion in retail food markets
Creators: name: Anania, Giovanni
name: Nistico, Rosanna
name: Anania, Giovanni
name: Nistico, Rosanna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Price dispersion
subject: retail pricing
subject: food markets.

description: — Price dispersion, i.e. a homogeneous product sold at different prices by different sellers, is among the most replicated findings in empirical economics. The paper assesses the extent and determinants of spatial price dispersion for 14 perfectly homogeneous food products in more than 400 retailers in a market characterized by the persistence of a large number of relatively small traditional food stores, side by side with large supermarkets. The extent of observed price dispersion is quite high, suggesting that, despite their large number, monopolistic competition prevails among sellers as a result of the heterogeneity of services offered. When prices in an urban area (where the spatial concentration of sellers is much higher and consumer search costs significantly lower) have been compared with those in smaller towns and rural areas, differences in search costs and the potentially higher degree of competition did not yield lower prices; quite the contrary, they were, on average, higher for 11 of the 14 products considered. Supermarkets proved to be often, but not always, less expensive than traditional retailers, although average savings associated to food shopping at supermarkets were extremely low. Finally, the results of the study suggest that sellers behave differently in their pricing decision strategies; these differences emerge both at the firm level and, for supermarkets, within the same chain. The fact that products considered were homogeneous, purchases frequently repeated, the number of sellers large, and search costs relatively low, did not suffice to keep price dispersion low. Based on the results presented in the paper, it is clear that more important in explaining price dispersion is the contemporaneous heterogeneity of retailers (in terms of services rendered) and consumers (in terms of their propensity to search and shopping preferences), which makes it possible for a monopolistic competition structure of the market to emerge and for small traditional food retail stores to remain in business.
Illeis cincta
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Illeis
Illeis cincta

description: Illeis cincta (Fabricius)
(Figs 114–116)
Coccinella cincta Fabricius, 1798: 77 (Type locality: India).
Psyllobora cincta: Mulsant 1850: 167; 1866: 127.
Thea cincta: Crotch 1874: 135.
Illeis cincta: Korschefsky 1932: 558; Poorani 2002a: 333; Poorani & Lalitha 2018: 113–114.
Illeis darbarii Sathe & Bhosale, 2002: 97; Poorani 2004: 186.
Diagnosis. Length: 4.00– 4.68 mm; width: 3.05–3.60 mm. Form (Fig. 114a–d) elongate oval, moderately convex. Head pale creamy yellow. Eyes more broadly separated than those of I. bielawskii. Pronotum with a pair of black median spots on posterior margin; anterior and lateral margins transparent, lateral margins slightly upturned. Elytra bright lemon yellow with transparent lateral margins, sometimes elytra appear to have greyish discal areas (Fig. 116g, h). Ventral side yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 114e–h) and spermatheca (Fig. 114i) as illustrated.
Immature stages. Eggs (Figs 115a, 116a) white, spindle shaped, laid in groups. Larva (Fig. 115b–f) lemon yellow, with lateral black maculae on thoracic segments and four longitudinal rows of black spots on dorsal side, resembles and coexists with I. bielawskii. Pupa (Fig. 115g, h) pale greyish with yellow and black markings.
Distribution. India: Very common in peninsular and south India (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka.
Prey/associated habitat. Occurs together with I. bielawskii in southern India. Commonly found feeding on various powdery mildews caused by Phyllactinia corylea, Podosphaera, Sphaerotheca, and Oidium spp., infesting sunflower, mulberry, Xanthium strumarium, cowpea, chillies, Pedulanthus sp., etc. Collected on sorghum, brinjal, pumpkin, cotton, and melon. Attracted to light (Ghorpade 1979a). Many aphids, coccids and mites have been erroneously reported in the literature as prey of I. cincta.
Seasonal occurrence. Present throughout the year, particularly active in post-rainy season.
Natural enemies. Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank); Nothoserphus mirabilis Brues.
Notes. This is the most common species of Illeis in peninsular India and appears to be replaced by I. confusa and I. indica in the northern and eastern parts of India. Beeson (1941) described the life stages (as Thea cincta). Puttarudriah & Channabasavanna (1953) provided brief notes on its biology and hosts. Bielawski (1957, 1961) also treated it and illustrated the male genitalia.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on page 166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Determinantes del Precio del Vino en el Mercado Chileno: Un Estudio de Precios Hedónicos.
Creators: name: Melo, Oscar
name: Buzeta, J.E.
name: Marshall, M.B.
name: Melo, Oscar
name: Buzeta, J.E.
name: Marshall, M.B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Production Economics

description: Hedonic prices have been widely used in wine research allowing price decomposition by attributes. In this market where products are highly differentiated the contribution of each attribute to price provides valuable information to make productive and marketing decisions to wineries. Using a significant sample of the Chilean wine market we estimated semi-logarithmic price-attribute models. Results found for alcoholic content, volume and age are in accordance to studies in other countries, albeit age presents a maximum contribution in less time. When make effects are included the impact of grapevine is less important. We also found that the more specific the labelling of the place of origin, the higher the price. We analyzed the strategies used by the wineries to differentiate quality and found that the ones shared by several companies tend to perform better than the ones used only by one brand.
description: Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chile
Calidad y desempeño en la producción sana de productos agrícolas: examen del control de capacitación del desempeño
Creators: name: Mendoza, Patricio
name: Valderas, Ramon
name: Perez, A.
name: Arias, Jose Luis
name: Mendoza, Patricio
name: Valderas, Ramon
name: Perez, A.
name: Arias, Jose Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: control
subject: quality
subject: training.

description: Buyer´s requirements oblige private and public agents to take quality control measures, in order to be competitive in the export markets. Labor performance and final product quality require introduction of control methods, particularly among temporary workers who require training to become highly productive in short time. Evidence compiled in this research show the existence of significant differences in knowledge of variables related to hygienic food manipulation, before and after training; and, differences between firms that explicitly apply regulations and others that do not. Mc Nemar´s statistical methods and attribute graphics are utilized for determining failures in standard control process. Both tests are applied to temporary fruit export packing workers. The conclusions have practical consequences leading to adoption of control practices related to quality.
description: Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chile
Determinación de Preferencias del Consumidor de la Región Metropolitana hacia la frutilla blanca (Fragaria chiloensis). Un Análisis Conjunto y una Prueba Sensorial
Creators: name: Adasme, C.
name: Spiller, Achim
name: Diaz, Jose
name: Adasme, C.
name: Spiller, Achim
name: Diaz, Jose
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Beach strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis)
subject: conjoint analysis
subject: consumer preferences
subject: origin denomination
subject: potential market
subject: sensory test.

description: In order to determine if there is a potential market for beach strawberry a survey was carried out with the target population living in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The sample unit was housewives, homeowners, and people over 18 years of age. The sample was selected randomly at fruit and vegetable store, using the mall intercept technique and therefore it cannot be considered a probabilistic sample. A total of 224 questionnaires were considered valid and used in the analysis. The main procedures used were conjoint analysis and a sensory test, where the interviewees tasted the beach strawberry and were asked about its organoleptic properties. On the other hand, the attributes selected for conjoint analysis were price, type of strawberry and origin denomination. Results reveal a potential market for beach strawberries with origin denomination produced by small farmers in Contulmo. Furthermore, the sensory test demonstrates that the sample selected prefers the fresh beach strawberry to the red one, highlighting mainly its flavour and sweetness. Conjoint analysis also reveals that the sample selected prefers the beach strawberry to the red one. Moreover the main attribute pointed out by importance was the price, followed by type of strawberry and the attribute with the least importance was origin denomination.
description: Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chile
Participación e Impacto del Programa de Recuperación de Suelos Degradados en Usuarios de INDAP
Creators: name: Caro, J.C.
name: Melo, Oscar
name: Foster, William E.
name: Caro, J.C.
name: Melo, Oscar
name: Foster, William E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: phosphate fertilization
subject: program evaluation
subject: bias selection
subject: INDAP

description: The System of Incentive for Degraded Soils Recuperation is one of the Ministry of Agriculture’s most important programs. The program has existed for eight years and annually benefits nearly 40,000 farms, totaling US$ 30 million per year. This study evaluates two specific sub-programs of incentives using a year 2001 survey of 402 small farm households participating in INDAP (small-farm subsidized credit program) and living in the VII to X Regions. Based on a microeconomic decision model, participation in Phosphate Fertilization and Pasture Recuperation were estimated, along with impact functions. Results show that farmers with larger animal herds and better-linked to markets have a higher probability of program participation. Treatment-effects econometric models were applied and selection-effects bias was tested and rejected. The results show direct statistically-significant positive impacts of the two programs on income. There is only partial evidence that the programs act on income through yield increases for potatoes and milk. These yield increases do not necessarily lead to higher incomes. Participation in the programs does not appear to improve value of farm sales.
description: Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chile
Explicit integration of the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Conte, Robert
name: Musette, Micheline
name: Verhoeven, Caroline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the cubic and quartic He'non-Heiles Hamiltonians with additional inverse square terms, which pass the Painleve' test for only seven sets of coefficients. For all the not yet integrated cases we prove the singlevaluedness of the general solution. The seven Hamiltonians enjoy two properties: meromorphy of the general solution, which is hyperelliptic with genus two and completeness in the Painleve' sense (impossibility to add any term to the Hamiltonian without destroying the Painleve' property).
description: 16 pages, no figure, to appear in J. Nonlinear Mathematical Physics
CLINICAL-DIAGNOSTIC AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN THE DIALYSIS STAGE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Creators: name: Eshmetova, Sabohat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis. These complications stem from a combination of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and unique CKD-related conditions, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predispositions. This article delves into the clinical-diagnostic and genetic aspects of cardiovascular complications in CKD patients at the dialysis stage. Understanding the genetic markers associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the use of modern diagnostic tools can improve the prediction, prevention, and management of these complications, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.