cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Twiki : A Collaborative Space Of Internal Documentation, An Efficient Way To Work Together
Creators: name: Son, Evelyne
name: Eisele, Aline
name: Schaaff, André
name: Perret, Emmanuelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: The documentalists at Strasbourg astronomical Data Center treat publications to create content for the SIMBAD and VizieR databases. The publication treatment is quite complex and the ingestion process needs to be described. This requires precise knowledge and mutual support among the documentalists in interaction with computer engineers and astronomers. Documentalists at CDS have thought of an adapted way to organize and enrich their internal documentation. The “TWiki” collaborative space, recently reorganized and enriched, regroups documents about agreed-upon procedures and methods, directions for use of the software and tools, shared problems/solutions. It is a tool for sharing, preserving and enriching the common knowledge of the whole staff.
Building a high-resolution chronology for northern Hokkaido – A case study of the Late Holocene Hamanaka 2 site on Rebun Island, Hokkaido (Japan)
Creators: name: Junno, Ari
name: Dury, Jack P. R.
name: Leipe, Christian
name: Wagner, Mayke
name: Tarasov, Pavel E.
name: Hirasawa, Yu
name: Jordan, Peter D.
name: Kato, Hirofumi
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Radiocarbon dating
subject: Marine reservoir effect
subject: Bayesian statistics
subject: Hokkaido
subject: Okhotsk
subject: Island ecology
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: Archaeological radiocarbon dating in coastal northern Hokkaido is challenged by the marine reservoir effect and the scarcity of materials with terrestrial carbon sources. This has contributed to gaps and general uncertainty in the timing of the region's culture-historical periods. The Late Holocene site of Hamanaka 2 on Rebun Island, featuring a stratified shell midden context with excellent preservation of organic remains, provides an ideal setting for addressing this issue. A Bayesian chronological model was deployed to study the timing of the site using a series of radiocarbon-dated macrobotanical samples. This resulted in narrowed-down estimated age-ranges in eight of thirteen phases examined, providing the site with a more accurate radiocarbon chronology than before. These temporal data were consequently integrated with local palaeoecological evidence, revealing synchrony between cultural chronology and human-induced landscape transformations. The study demonstrates that the technique should permit more efficient building of archaeological chronologies in similar maritime environments.
How Documentalists Update Simbad
Creators: name: Buga, Mihaela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: The Strasbourg astronomical Data Center (CDS) has been existing for more than 40 years. It develops a service called SIMBAD with over 280.000 bibliographic references for over 7 million astronomical objects (18 million object identifiers). The SIMBAD astronomical database provides basic data, cross-identifications, bibliography and measurements for astronomical objects outside the solar system. SIMBAD brings to the scientific community a value-added content that is updated daily by a team of documentalists in strong interaction with astronomers and IT specialists.

In this poster we will explain how CDS populates SIMBAD with object citations in the main astronomical journals as well as with astronomical data and measurements. We will also explain how the identification between the objects found in the literature and those already existing in SIMBAD is made. Therefore we show the steps followed by the documentalist team to update the database using different tools developed at CDS like the sky visualiser Aladin and the large catalogues and survey database VizieR.

As a direct result of this team work, SIMBAD receives more than 400.000 queries per day and integrates almost 10.000 bibliographic references per year.
Ein „Himmels-Schlüssel” (?) aus dem frühmittelalterlichen Riegel am Kaiserstuhl
Creators: name: Fingerlin, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden
Year: 2019

description: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden, Bd. 66 (2002): Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden
Suitability of phytoliths as a quantitative process tracer for soil erosion studies
Creators: name: Kraushaar, Sabine
name: Konzett, Matthias
name: Kiep, Janika
name: Siebert, Christian
name: Meister, Julia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: erosion
subject: FingerPro model
subject: Isábena River
subject: phytoliths
subject: sediment fingerprinting
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Phytoliths are plant microfossils commonly used as qualitative archive markers in archaeological and paleoecological studies. Their potential uniqueness to the vegetation cover, robustness to weathering, and lack of chemical alteration along the transport paths make them potentially suitable tracers for quantitative erosion studies. In this pilot study, we explore the potential of phytoliths in a sediment fingerprinting study in the Ceguera catchment (28 km2) in NE Spain. The phytolith concentrations and morphologies of four land cover classes (agricultural land, badland, forest, and shrubland) were analysed, and their contributions to four natural sediment mixture samples along the river course were modelled. Phytolith concentrations allowed us to discriminate sources sufficiently, albeit with limited sample size. The performance of the phytoliths as tracer was tested by reproducing the sources of artificial sediment mixture samples with satisfactory recall ratio. Results identified badlands to be the main contributor, with 84–96% of the sediment load to the sinks, followed by shrublands (median 5%) and agricultural lands (median 2%). These major findings can be reproduced by other conventional erosion studies from this area, indicating that phytoliths are suited to quantifying erosion patterns in mesoscale catchments.
Viscous accretion of a polytropic self-gravitating disk in the presence of wind
Creators: name: Abbassi, Shahram
name: Nourbakhsh, Erfan
name: Shadmehri, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-similar and semi-analytical solutions are found for the height-averaged equations govern the dynamical behavior of a polytropic, self-gravitating disk under the effects of winds, around the nascent object. In order to describe time evolution of the system, we adopt a radius dependent mass loss rate, then highlight its importance on both the traditional $α$ and innovative $β$ models of viscosity prescription. In agreement with some other studies, our solutions represent that Toomre parameter is less than one in most regions on the $β$-disk which indicate that in such disks gravitational instabilities can occur in various distances from the central accretor and so the $β$-disk model might provide a good explanation of how the planetary systems form. The purpose of the present work is twofold. First, examining the structure of disk with wind in comparison to no-wind solution; and second, to see if the adopted viscosity prescription affects significantly the dynamical behavior of the disk-wind system. We also considered the temperature distribution in our disk by a polytropic condition. The solutions imply that, under our boundary conditions, the radial velocity is larger for $α$-disks and increases as wind becomes stronger in both viscosity models. Also, we noticed that the disk thickness increases by amplifying the wind or adopting larger values for polytropic exponent $γ$. It also may globally decrease if one prescribe $β$-model for the viscosity. Moreover, in both viscosity models, surface density and mass accretion rate reduce as wind gets stronger or $γ$ increases.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Self-Intersection of Optimal geodesics
Creators: name: Cavalletti, Fabio
name: Huesmann, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51F99, 49L99

description: Let $(X,d,m)$ be a geodesic metric measure space. Consider a geodesic $μ_{t}$ in the $L^{2}$-Wasserstein space. Then as $s$ goes to $t$ the support of $μ_{s}$ and the support of $μ_{t}$ have to overlap, provided an upper bound on the densities holds. We give a more precise formulation of this self-intersection property. We consider for each $t$ the set of times for which a geodesic belongs to the support of $μ_{t}$ and we prove that $t$ is a point of Lebesgue density 1 for this set, in the integral sense. Our result applies to spaces satisfying $\mathsf{CD}(K,\infty)$. The non branching property is not needed.
Female and male Eurasian lynx have distinct spatial tactics at different life-history stages in a high-density population
Creators: name: Mengüllüoğlu, Deniz
name: Edwards, Sarah
name: Hofer, Heribert
name: Berger, Anne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: floaters
subject: GPS locations
subject: home range
subject: population density
subject: spatial capture–recapture
subject: spatial tactics
subject: territoriality
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Knowledge regarding the spatial behavior of the Eurasian lynx is mainly inferred from populations in Europe. We used GPS telemetry to record the spatial behavior of nine individuals in northwestern Anatolia obtaining eleven home ranges (HRs). Analyses revealed the smallest mean HR sizes (nHR♀ = 4) at 57 km2 (95% kernel utilization distribution, KUD) and 56 km2 (95% minimum convex polygon, MCP), ever reported for adult female Eurasian lynx. Adult males either occupied small permanent territories (nHR♂.T = 2), with a mean of 176 km2 (95% KUD) and 150 km2 (95% MCP), or were residents without territories (floaters, nHR♂.F = 2) roaming across large, stable HRs with a mean size of 2,419 km2 (95% KUD) and 1,888 km2 (95% MCP), comparable to HR sizes of Scandinavian lynx populations. Three disperser subadult males did not hold stable HRs (mean 95% KUD = 203 km2, mean 95% MCP = 272 km2). At 4.9 individuals per 100 km2, population density was one of the highest recorded, suggesting that the presence of adult male floaters was a consequence of a landscape fully occupied by territorials and revealing a flexibility of spatial behavior of Eurasian lynx not previously recognized. Such a high population density, small HRs, and behavioral flexibility may have been aided by the legal protection from and apparent low levels of poaching of this population. The observed spatial tactics are unlikely to be seen in most of the previously studied Eurasian lynx populations, as they either suffer medium to high levels of human-caused mortality or were unlikely to be at carrying capacity. For effective and appropriate conservation planning, data from felid populations in a reasonably natural state such as ours, where space, density, prey, and pathogens are likely to be the key drivers of spatial dynamics, are therefore essential.
A generalized Ramsey excitation scheme with suppressed light shift
Creators: name: Huntemann, N.
name: Lipphardt, B.
name: Okhapkin, M.
name: Tamm, Chr.
name: Peik, E.
name: Taichenachev, A. V.
name: Yudin, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigate a recently proposed optical excitation scheme [V.I. Yudin et al., Phys. Rev. A 82, 011804(R)(2010)] that is a generalization of Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields and consists of a sequence of three excitation pulses. The pulse sequence is tailored to produce a resonance signal which is immune to the light shift and other shifts of the transition frequency that are correlated with the interaction with the probe field. We investigate the scheme using a single trapped 171Yb+ ion and excite the highly forbidden 2S1/2-2F7/2 electric-octupole transition under conditions where the light shift is much larger than the excitation linewidth, which is in the Hertz range. The experiments demonstrate a suppression of the light shift by four orders of magnitude and an immunity against its fluctuations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a fluorescent phenanthrene-rhodamine dyad for ratiometric measurements of acid pH values
Creators: name: Srivastava, Priyanka
name: Fürstenwerth, Paul Christian
name: Witte, Jan Felix
name: Resch-Genger, Ute
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: synthesis
subject: spectroscopic characterization
subject: fluorescent phenanthrene-rhodamine dyad
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We present the rational design, synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a novel dual excitation, three color emitting, pH-responsive fluorescent probe consisting of two phenanthrene and one rhodamine B units linked by click chemistry. The rhodamine moiety, excitable at λEx = 315 nm and at λEx = 560 nm in its ring-opened form, provides the pH-responsive fluorophore, while the pH-insensitive phenanthrene, excited at λEx = 315 nm, serves as inert internal reference, The presence of two phenanthrene moieties enables a blue monomer and a blueish green excimer emission at 351 nm and 500 nm, respectively. Opening of the rhodamine B spirolactam ring at an acidic pH below 5.0 (pKa = 2.59 ± 0.04) switches on its emission at 580 nm. Simultaneously, the phenanthrene excimer emission decreases caused by a change in orientation of the phenanthrene units, while the monomer emission is barely affected. This sensor design enables ratiometric measurements in the low acidic pH range utilizing the intensity ratios of the rhodamine B and phenanthrene excimer emission at 580 nm and 500 nm. Alternatively, also the intensity ratios of the rhodamine B and the phenanthrene monomer emission could be exploited or the sum of the phenanthrene monomer and excimer fluorescence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ratiometric sensing utilizing such a versatile type of tricolor emissive dyad probe bearing phenanthrene moieties and showing phenanthrene monomer and excimer emission.
A-Tint: A polymake extension for algorithmic tropical intersection theory
Creators: name: Hampe, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14T05, 14C17, 14D22

description: In this paper we study algorithmic aspects of tropical intersection theory. We analyse how divisors and intersection products on tropical cycles can actually be computed using polyhedral geometry. The main focus of this paper is the study of moduli spaces, where the underlying combinatorics of the varieties involved allow a much more efficient way of computing certain tropical cycles. The algorithms discussed here have been implemented in an extension for polymake, a software for polyhedral computations.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Second version: Revised version, to be published in European Journal of Combinatorics
Evaluation of short-term safety of ultrasound-guided foetal fluid sampling in the dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Creators: name: Tal, Smadar
name: Bar-Gal, Gila Kahila
name: Arlt, Sebastian Patrick
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: allantoic fluid
subject: amniocentesis
subject: amniotic fluid
subject: dog
subject: foetal fluid centesis
subject: pregnancy
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background: In humans, analysis of amniotic fluid is widely used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Amniocentesis has scarcely been used in veterinary medicine to date, despite a tremendous potential for clinical and research applications in dogs. Our study aimed to establish a safe method for foetal fluid sampling in female dogs. Methods: Two transabdominal ultrasound-guided methods were assessed: the “free hand” and the needle-guided bracket sampling. In addition, through a subsequent routinely scheduled ovariohysterectomy, fluid was directly collected. Samples from 98 conceptuses were collected at day 46.7 ± 7.5 of pregnancy. Results: The amount of fluid retrieved varied between 0.5 and 5.0 ml per collection. Macroscopic examination of the uterus and conceptuses identified 53% of the puncture sites. Neither fluid leakage nor foetal injury was detected, and six hematomas (5.8%) were visible. Ultrasound-guided foetal fluid collection was found to be potentially safe, and it can be performed by using either transabdominal method. Conclusion: Foetal fluid collection is possible with relative ease and low short-term risk, and may open paths for diagnostic, therapeutic and research purposes in dogs. The procedure can provide new insights into prenatal clinical medicine, including diagnostics of foetal deaths, early identification of heritable diseases and so on.
Frequency stability of a dual-mode whispering gallery mode optical reference cavity
Creators: name: Baumgartel, Lukas M.
name: Thompson, Robert J.
name: Yu, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an investigation of laser frequency stabilization using a whispering gallery mode resonator that is temperature stabilized by a dual-mode technique. This dual-mode technique has yielded mode volume temperature instabilities at the nK level, suggesting that high frequency stability may also be reached. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the dynamics of such a system and the important factors affecting the achievable frequency stability. We calculate that the dual-mode technique can reduce the effective fractional temperature coefficient of the reference system to 3.6x10^-8 K^-1 within the temperature feedback bandwidth. We demonstrate a 1560 nm laser stabilized to 1.3x10^-12 at 1 s and 1.1x10^-10 at 1000 s, corresponding to a long-term drift of 21 kHz/hr.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Classifying Infinity… And Beyond!
Creators: name: Frey, Katie
name: Erdmann, Chris
name: Accomazzi, Alberto
name: Rubin, Louise
name: Biemesderfer, Chris
name: Gray, Norman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: The Unified Astronomy Thesaurus (UAT) will be an open, interoperable and community-supported thesaurus that unifies the existing Astronomy & Astrophysics thesauri into a single, freely-available open thesaurus for astronomical objects and concepts.  Because astronomy and astrophysics are fast-moving fields (terms such as ‘exoplanets’ and 'dark energy' were relatively unknown 10 years ago), the poster will also describe the ways that the UAT will leverage expertise from astronomers, physicists and librarians to keep the thesaurus both current and accurate.

One of the primary drivers behind the creation of the UAT is the wish to support semantic enrichment of astronomy literature and databases.  We anticipate it will be used as a common language across publishers and platforms, to connect articles and data sets.  We also hope this unified vocabulary will inspire a new range of cross-silo data sharing.

The UAT began as a collaboration between the American Institute of Physics (AIP) and Institute of Physics (IOP), which donated their collection astronomy of terms to the AAS.  SPIE has also donated their astronomy terms towards the effort. Our plans include providing a community-supported mechanism for reviewing, discussing, and evaluating the continuous evolution of terminology in astronomy and astrophysics.
Torsional Anomalies, Hall Viscosity, and Bulk-boundary Correspondence in Topological States
Creators: name: Hughes, Taylor L.
name: Leigh, Robert G.
name: Parrikar, Onkar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transport properties of topological insulators, encoding them in a generating functional of gauge and gravitational sources. Much of our focus is on the simple example of a free massive Dirac fermion, the so-called Chern insulator, especially in 2+1 dimensions. In such cases, when parity and time-reversal symmetry are broken, it is necessary to consider the gravitational sources to include a frame and an independent spin connection with torsion. In 2+1 dimensions, the simplest parity-odd response is the Hall viscosity. We compute the Hall viscosity of the Chern insulator using a careful regularization scheme, and find that although the Hall viscosity is generally divergent, the difference in Hall viscosities of distinct topological phases is well-defined and determined by the mass gap. Furthermore, on a 1+1-dimensional edge between topological phases, the jump in the Hall viscosity across the interface is encoded, through familiar anomaly inflow mechanisms, in the structure of anomalies. In particular, we find new torsional contributions to the covariant diffeomorphism anomaly in 1+1 dimensions. Including parity-even contributions, we find that the renormalized generating functionals of the two topological phases differ by a chiral gravity action with a negative cosmological constant. This (non-dynamical) chiral gravity action and the corresponding physics of the interface theory is reminiscent of well-known properties of dynamical holographic gravitational systems. Finally, we consider some properties of spectral flow of the edge theory driven by torsional dislocations.
description: 59 pages, 6 figures; v2 updated in response to referee comments. Extra emphasis on universal viscosity term for curved spaces
Images Manipulation In The Ancient Books: The Case Of Sacrobosco’S De Sphaera Mundi
Creators: name: Olostro Cirella, Emilia
name: Rinaldi, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Sacrobosco
Censorship

description: This study describes the action of the censorship on the books after the discovery of printing. Sacrobosco’s De spaera mundi, published in Venice in 1488 and

conserved in the library of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte, shows a different case of censorship certainly due to one of the book’s owners.
ROLE OF THE POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEINS IN THE ADULT INTESTINAL STEM CELLS HOMEOSTASIS
Creators: name: ROSSI, ALESSANDRA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: Polycomb group proteins (PcG) are among the most important gatekeepers that ensure the correct establishment and maintenance of cellular identity in metazoans. This occurs by modifying chromatin through the activity of two Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC1 and PRC2) that deposit H2A ubiquitylation and H3K27 methylation respectively, in order to guarantee repression of their target genes. Although the development of PRC2 inhibitory compounds is becoming a very promising strategy for specific cancer treatment, the controversial role of PcG proteins, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in a tissue/cancer specific manner, prompt us to further investigate the role PcG proteins in regulating adult tissue homeostasis. Using different genetic models, we have found that PRC1 activity is required for the integrity of the mouse intestinal epithelia. More in detail, PRC1 activity is required for the self-renewal of the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) via a cell-autonomous mechanism that is independent of Ink4a-Arf expression. Using high-throughput transcription and location analysis, we have dissected the direct transcriptional pathways regulated by PRC1 in ISC showing that PRC1 inactivation induces a loss of ISC identity as a result of a massive up-regulation of non-lineage specific transcription factors that can directly inhibit the transcriptional activity of the �-Catenin/Tcf4 complex. Overall, we propose that PRC1 control the self-renewal of ISC by positively sustaining Wnt transcriptional activity also in the presence of oncogenic mutations that constitutively activate the Wnt pathway in intestinal tumors.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND CONNECTIVITY OF THE CEREBELLUM WITH ADVANCED DIFFUSION MRI IN HEALTH AND PATHOLOGY
Creators: name: SAVINI, GIOVANNI
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: The cerebellum contains most of the central nervous system neurons and it is classically known to be a key region for sensorimotor coordination and learning. However, its role in higher cognitive functions has been increasingly recognised, thus raising the interest of neuroscience and neuroimaging communities. Despite this, knowledge of cerebellar structure and function is still incomplete and the interpretation of experimental results is often problematic. For these and also technical reasons the cerebellum is still frequently disregarded in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Therefore, the principal aim of this work was to use MRI to investigate cerebellar microstructure and macrostructural connectivity in health and pathology, focusing also on technical aspects of image acquisition. The starting point of each project described in the present thesis were techniques, models and pipelines currently accepted in clinical practice. The meeting of inadequacies or problems of such techniques raised questions that pushed research to a more fundamental level. This thesis has three main contributions. The first part presents a clinical study of cerebellar involvement in processing speed deficits in multiple sclerosis, where combined tractography and network science highlighted the importance of the cerebellum in patients? cognitive performance. Then a deeper investigation conducted on high-quality diffusion MRI data with advanced diffusion signal models showed that subregions of the cerebellar cortex are characterised by different microstructural features: this represents one of the very first attempts to use diffusion MRI to face the widespread idea of cerebellar cortex uniformity, which has been recently challenged by findings from other research fields, thus providing new perspectives for the study of cerebellar information processing in health and pathology. Finally, the emerging technical problems that hamper the study of small structures within the cerebellum were tackled by developing dedicated acquisition protocols that exploit reduced field-of-view techniques for 3T and 7T MRI scanners.
Photophysics of single silicon vacancy centers in diamond: implications for single photon emission
Creators: name: Neu, Elke
name: Agio, Mario
name: Becher, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single silicon vacancy (SiV) color centers in diamond have recently shown the ability for high brightness, narrow bandwidth, room temperature single photon emission. This work develops a model describing the three level population dynamics of single SiV centers in diamond nanocrystals on iridium surfaces including an intensity dependent de-shelving process. Furthermore, we investigate the brightness and photostability of single centers and find maximum single photon rates of 6.2 Mcps under continuous excitation. We investigate the collection efficiency of the fluorescence and estimate quantum efficiencies of the SiV centers.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, version 2 accepted for publication in Optics Express
Analysis of Earthquake Hazard in Papua New Guinea
Creators: name: Anton, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40699 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: After an understanding of the regional seismicity and tectonics has been gained, the second stage for an earthquake hazard study is largely concerned with calculation of ground motion recurrence, representing the hazard due to shaking by seismic waves. Other earthquake hazards, such as liquefaction, surface rupture, landslides, and tsunami, are treated separately. Two main models required to compute ground motion recurrence are a seismotectonic model that specifies the assumed distribution of earthquake magnitude recurrence of earthquakes, and a ground motion model that specifies the expected ground motion from the earthquakes.
Intelligent Robotic Systems in Industry 4.0, A Review
Creators: name: Soori, Mohsen
name: Dastres, Roza
name: Arezoo, Behrooz
name: Karimi Ghaleh Jough, Fooad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460205
subject: Intelligent robotics
classificationCode: 401404
subject: Industrial engineering
classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified

description: As Industry 4.0 continues to transform the landscape of modern manufacturing, the integration of intelligent robotic systems has emerged as a pivotal factor in enhancing efficiency, flexibility, and overall productivity. The Integration of intelligent robotic systems within the framework of Industry 4.0 represents a transformative shift in advanced manufacturing systems. The integration of intelligent robotic systems in Industry 4.0 has significantly reduced production costs while simultaneously improving product quality. The intelligent decision-making capabilities of robotic systems in Industry 4.0 have played a pivotal role in minimizing downtime in order to enhance productivity in process of part manufacturing. Intelligent robotic systems in Industry 4.0 has not only increased production efficiency but has also contributed to a more sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing environment through optimized resource utilization. This review explores the key aspects, benefits, and challenges associated with the deployment of intelligent robotic systems in Industry 4.0. The review analyze the cutting-edge advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and sensor technologies that contribute to the evolution of intelligent robotic systems in Industry 4.0. The discussion extends to emerging trends in intelligent robotic systems including digital twin, blockchain, Internet of Things, artificial intelligent, and the integration of advanced analytics for real-time decision support systems. Challenges and considerations surrounding the implementation of intelligent robotic systems in Industry 4.0 are thoroughly examined, ranging from technical hurdles to ethical and societal implications. Finally, the review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the future trajectory of intelligent robotic systems in Industry 4.0. As a result, the study can provide a roadmap for researchers and industry professionals to navigate the evolving landscape of intelligent robotics in the era of Industry 4.0.
Finite difference schemes for the symmetric Keyfitz-Kranzer system
Creators: name: Koley, U.
name: Risebro, N. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We are concerned with the convergence of numerical schemes for the initial value problem associated to the Keyfitz-Kranzer system of equations. This system is a toy model for several important models such as in elasticity theory, magnetohydrodynamics, and enhanced oil recovery. In this paper we prove the convergence of three difference schemes. Two of these schemes is shown to converge to the unique entropy solution. Finally, the convergence is illustrated by several examples.
description: 31 pages
The Rare Books Collection Of Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory Will Be Shortly On The Web: The Ancient Science Is Available To Everyone
Creators: name: Olostro Cirella, Emilia
name: Caprio, Giovanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Books preservation
Books digitization
Rare books catalog

description: This paper describes a project dedicated to the preservation, promotion and fruition on the web of the rare books collection of Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory. The project, promoted by INAF-Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory, was supported by the Campania Region through European funds. The final act of the project was the publication of a bibliographical catalog, Le Cinquecentine dell’Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, addressed to specialized users (historians of science and bibliophiles).
Quantifying The Cv: Adapting An Impact Assessment Model To Astronomy
Creators: name: Bohémier, Kayleigh Ayn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: scholarly impact
astronomy
LISA VII
becker model
research assessment

description: In July 2013, the Becker Medical Library at Washington University in St. Louis held a workshop for librarians on the Becker Model, a framework developed by research assessment librarians for quantifying medical researchers' individual and group outputs. Following the workshop, the Becker Model was analyzed for content to adapt it to the physical sciences. This poster presents the process and results of applying their model to the curriculum vitae of a Yale University astronomy professor.
Qualitative Methods and Hybrid Maps for Spatial Perception with an Example of Security Perception
Creators: name: Töppel, Mandy
name: Reichel, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 3D planning tools
subject: go alongs
subject: hybrid maps
subject: participatory mapping
subject: spatial perception
subject: urban resilience
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: The security/insecurity of our cities has become the subject of public debate in recent years. The individual intuitions about security or insecurity can vary with age, gender, social background, personal constitution and previous positive or negative experiences. They are also constantly (re)produced, as perceptions of space are individual and selective. Noting these variations, materialised factors also play a major role, e.g., recessed house entrances, dense or high hedges, poor orientation options, dark places, etc. Attributing meaning to these materialised factors, real constructs are formed which create positive or negative narratives about certain (urban) spaces, influencing the actual use and design of urban spaces. To investigate the importance attached to certain spaces, qualitative methods are required for examining socio-spatial situations, perceptual processes and attribution. Using different methods in an explorative and in-depth descriptive research phase, such as expert interviews, user observations, surveys on go-alongs, participatory mapping with detailed information on structural and spatial locations, the advantages and disadvantages of method selection are presented. Berlin's Alexanderplatz was used as a case study area to determine perceptions of security in urban areas. We confirmed that despite variations, certain subjective perceptions concerning visibility, brightness, and audibility are collective. Additionally, hybrid maps are used to explain how subjective perceptions of space, combined with 3D graphics, can alert architects and city planners to uncertainty among users of public space.
Feature Learning and Graphical Models for Protein Sequences
Creators: name: Moitra, Subhodeep
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30406 Proteins and Peptides
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Evolutionarily related proteins often share similar sequences and structures and are grouped together into entities called protein families. The sequences in a protein family can have complex amino acid distributions encoding evolutionary relationships, physical constraints and functional attributes. Additionally, protein families can contain large numbers of sequences (deep) as well as large number of positions (wide). Existing models of protein sequence families make strong assumptions, require prior knowledge or severely limit the representational power of the models. In this thesis, we study computational methods for the task of learning rich predictive and generative models of protein families. First, we consider the problem of large scale feature selection for predictive models. We address this in the context of a target application of designing drug cocktails against HIV-1 infection. We work with a large dataset consisting of around 70,000 HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase sequences. The core challenge in this setting is scaling up and selecting discriminatory features. We successfully accomplish this and provide strategies for designing cocktails of drugs robust to mutations by examining the fitness landscape learned by our predictive models. Next, we present a framework for modelling protein families as a series of increasingly complex models using Markov Random Fields (MRFs). We hypothesise that by adding edges and latent variables in the MRF, we can progressively relax model assumptions and increase representational power. We note that latent variable models with cycles fail to learn effective models due to poor approximate inference thus defeating their purpose. This motivates the need for special architectures which allow efficient inference even in the company of latent variables. Next, we extend the utility of the learned models beyond generative metrics. We introspect and interpret the learned features for biological significance by studying allostery in G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). We identify networks of co-evolving residues, a minimal binding pocket and long range interactions all by learning the structure of a MRF trained on the GPCR protein family. Finally, we develop the first Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and Deep Boltzmann Machines (DBMs) for protein sequence families. We demonstrate that these models significantly outperform their MRF counterparts in terms of imputation error. Additionally, we also consider Boltzmann Machines with sparse topologies and provide a strategy for learning their sparse structures. We note that the sparse Boltzmann Machines perform similar to MRFs thus reinforcing our hypothesis that non-sparse Boltzmann Machines are required for modelling the complex relationships inherent in protein families.
Enabling Meaningful Affiliation Searches In The Ads
Creators: name: Grant, Carolyn S.
name: Thompson, Donna M.
name: Chyla, Roman
name: Holachek, Alexandra
name: Accomazzi, Alberto
name: Henneken, Edwin A.
name: Kurtz, Michael J.
name: Luker, James
name: Murray, Stephen S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: For many years, users have wanted to search affiliations in the ADS in order to build institutional databases and to help with author disambiguation.  Although we provide this capability to those who ask, it can not be used reliably, primarily because of the lack of uniform representation of the affiliation data.  In an effort to make affiliation searches more meaningful, we have designed a two-tiered hierarchy of standard institutional names based on Ringgold identifiers with the expectation that this will enable us to implement a search by institution which will work for most institutions.

It is our intention to provide the capability of searching the ADS both by standard affiliation name and original affiliation string, as well as to enable auto-suggest of affiliations as a means of helping to disambiguate author identification.  Smaller institutions are likely to require manual work, and we encourage interested librarians to assist us in standardizing the representation of their institutions in the affiliation field.
Phase-Resolved Detection of Ultrabroadband THz Pulses inside a Scanning Tunneling Microscope Junction
Creators: name: Müller, Melanie
name: Sabanés, Natalia Martín
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
name: Wolf, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: scanning tunneling microscopy
subject: THz voltage sampling
subject: spintronic THz emitter
subject: broadband THz pulses
subject: tip antenna response
subject: ultrafast photocurrents
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Coupling phase-stable single-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses to scanning tunneling microscope (STM) junctions enables spatiotemporal imaging with femtosecond temporal and Angstrom spatial resolution. The time resolution achieved in such THz-gated STM is ultimately limited by the subcyde temporal variation of the tip-enhanced THz field acting as an ultrafast voltage pulse, and hence by the ability to feed high-frequency, broadband THz pulses into the junction. Here, we report on the coupling of ultra-broadband (1-30 THz) single-cycle THz pulses from a spintronic THz emitter (STE) into a metallic STM junction. We demonstrate broadband phase-resolved detection of the THz voltage transient directly in the STM junction via THz-field-induced modulation of ultrafast photocurrents. Comparison to the unperturbed far-field THz waveform reveals the antenna response of the STM tip. Despite tip-induced low-pass filtering, frequencies up to 15 THz can be detected in the tip-enhanced near-field, resulting in THz transients with a half-cycle period of 115 fs. We further demonstrate simple polarity control of the THz bias via the STE magnetization and show that up to 2 V THz bias at 1 MHz repetition rate can be achieved in the current setup. Finally, we find a nearly constant THz voltage and waveform over a wide range of tip-sample distances, which by comparison to numerical simulations confirms the quasi-static nature of the THz pulses. Our results demonstrate the suitability of spintronic THz emitters for ultrafast THz-STM with unprecedented bandwidth of the THz bias and provide insight into the femtosecond response of defined nanoscale junctions.
The maximum efficiency of nano heat engines depends on more than temperature
Creators: name: Woods, Mischa P.
name: Ng, Nelly Huei Ying
name: Wehner, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: nano heat engines
subject: temperature
subject: efficiency
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Sadi Carnot's theorem regarding the maximum efficiency of heat engines is considered to be of fundamental importance in thermodynamics. This theorem famously states that the maximum efficiency depends only on the temperature of the heat baths used by the engine, but not on the specific structure of baths. Here, we show that when the heat baths are finite in size, and when the engine operates in the quantum nanoregime, a revision to this statement is required. We show that one may still achieve the Carnot efficiency, when certain conditions on the bath structure are satisfied; however if that is not the case, then the maximum achievable efficiency can reduce to a value which is strictly less than Carnot. We derive the maximum efficiency for the case when one of the baths is composed of qubits. Furthermore, we show that the maximum efficiency is determined by either the standard second law of thermodynamics, analogously to the macroscopic case, or by the non increase of the max relative entropy, which is a quantity previously associated with the single shot regime in many quantum protocols. This relative entropic quantity emerges as a consequence of additional constraints, called generalized free energies, that govern thermodynamical transitions in the nanoregime. Our findings imply that in order to maximize efficiency, further considerations in choosing bath Hamiltonians should be made, when explicitly constructing quantum heat engines in the future. This understanding of thermodynamics has implications for nanoscale engineering aiming to construct small thermal machines.
A phylogeny of birds based on over 1,500 loci collected by target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing
Creators: name: McCormack, John E.
name: Harvey, Michael G.
name: Faircloth, Brant C.
name: Crawford, Nicholas G.
name: Glenn, Travis C.
name: Brumfield, Robb T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Evolutionary relationships among birds in Neoaves, the clade comprising the vast majority of avian diversity, have vexed systematists due to the ancient, rapid radiation of numerous lineages. We applied a new phylogenomic approach to resolve relationships in Neoaves using target enrichment (sequence capture) and high-throughput sequencing of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) in avian genomes. We collected sequence data from UCE loci for 32 members of Neoaves and one outgroup (chicken) and analyzed data sets that differed in their amount of missing data. An alignment of 1,541 loci that allowed missing data was 87% complete and resulted in a highly resolved phylogeny with broad agreement between the Bayesian and maximum-likelihood (ML) trees. Although results from the 100% complete matrix of 416 UCE loci were similar, the Bayesian and ML trees differed to a greater extent in this analysis, suggesting that increasing from 416 to 1,541 loci led to increased stability and resolution of the tree. Novel results of our study include surprisingly close relationships between phenotypically divergent bird families, such as tropicbirds (Phaethontidae) and the sunbittern (Eurypygidae) as well as between bustards (Otididae) and turacos (Musophagidae). This phylogeny bolsters support for monophyletic waterbird and landbird clades and also strongly supports controversial results from previous studies, including the sister relationship between passerines and parrots and the non-monophyly of raptorial birds in the hawk and falcon families. Although significant challenges remain to fully resolving some of the deep relationships in Neoaves, especially among lineages outside the waterbirds and landbirds, this study suggests that increased data will yield an increasingly resolved avian phylogeny.
description: 30 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, 1 supplementary table, 3 supplementary figures
Altruistic punishment is connected to trait anger, not trait altruism, if compensation is available
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Johannes
name: Nagowski, Natalie
name: Mussel, Patrick
name: Hewig, Johannes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation are important concepts that are used to investigate altruism. However, altruistic punishment has been found to be correlated with anger. We were interested whether altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation are both driven by trait altruism and trait anger or whether the influence of those two traits is more specific to one of the behavioral options. We found that if the participants were able to apply altruistic compensation and altruistic punishment together in one paradigm, trait anger only predicts altruistic punishment and trait altruism only predicts altruistic compensation. Interestingly, these relations are disguised in classical altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation paradigms where participants can either only punish or compensate. Hence altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation paradigms should be merged together if one is interested in trait altruism without the confounding influence of trait anger.