cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decomposition Based Search: A Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation
Creators: name: Willem-Jan Van Hoeve
name: M.  Milano
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we present and evaluate a search strategy called
Decomposition Based Search (DBS) which is based on two steps: sub-
problem generation and subproblem solution. The generation of subproblems is done through value ranking and domain splitting. Subdomains are explored so as to generate, according to the heuristic chosen, promising
subproblems first.
We show that two well known search strategies, Limited Discrepancy
Search (LDS) and Iterative Broadening (IB), can be seen as special cases
of DBS. First we present a tuning of DBS that visits the same search
nodes as IB, but avoids restarts. Then we compare both theoretically
and computationally DBS and LDS using the same heuristic. We prove
that DBS has a higher probability of being successful than LDS on a
comparable number of nodes, under realistic assumptions. Experiments
on a constraint satisfaction problem and an optimization problem show
that DBS is indeed very effective if compared to LDS.
Configuring Intelligent Reflecting Surface with Performance Guarantees: Optimal Beamforming
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaowen
name: Shen, Kaiming
name: Ren, Shuyi
name: Li, Xin
name: Chen, Xin
name: Luo, Zhi-Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work proposes linear time strategies to optimally configure the phase shifts for the reflective elements of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). Specifically, we show that the binary phase beamforming can be optimally solved in linear time to maximize the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For the general K-ary phase beamforming, we develop a linear time approximation algorithm that guarantees performance within a constant fraction (1+\cos(π/K))/2 of the global optimum, e.g., it can attain over 85% of the optimal performance for the quadrature beamforming with K=4. According to the numerical results, the proposed approximation algorithm for discrete IRS beamforming outperforms the existing algorithms significantly in boosting the received SNR.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of Study protocol for type II hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial of strategies for depression care task-sharing in community health stations in Vietnam: DEP Project
Creators: name: Ngo, Victoria Khanh
name: Vu, Thinh Toan
name: Vu, Quan Anh
name: McBain, Ryan
name: Yu, Gary
name: Nguyen, Ngoc Bao
name: Mai Thi Nguyen, Hien
name: Ho, Hien Thi
name: Van Hoang, Minh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 1 of Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments
Creators: name: Kong, Xiangyi
name: Gao, Peng
name: Wang, Jing
name: Fang, Yi
name: Hwang, Kuo Chu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Confirmation of publication and licensing rights for Figure 1B
title: Relationships and resilience in the time of the Coronavirus
Creators: name: Henderson, Danny
name: McLaughlin, Nicki
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2020

description: The Why Not? Trust for Care Experienced Young People is a charity set up in 2018, to support long term connections and relationships between young people with care experience and the people who matter to them. As well as individual connections, the Why Not? Trust is supporting young people, including young parents with care experience to develop their own community networks. These networks allow young people to access experiences and events which give opportunities they may not be able to access on their own. ENDED HERE. Their approach is based on a belief in being defined by relationships. The COVID-19 lockdown presented a challenge to relational engagements which are contingent upon being able to interact. Despite their fears they have managed to cope. The online world provided a way of maintaining contact and providing support with young care experienced adults. The experiences of the past few months helped the Trust better understand the causes of isolation and exclusion, but also to appreciate more than ever the value of human relationships.
Exploring Fermionic Multiplet Dark Matter through Precision Measurements at the CEPC
Creators: name: Gao, Lin-Qing
name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Wang, Jin-Wei
name: Xiang, Qian-Fei
name: Yin, Peng-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New physics could be explored through loop effects by the precision measurements at the Circular Electron Positron Collider due to its clean collision environment and high luminosity. In this work, we focus on two dark matter models that involve additional electroweak fermionic multiplets. We calculate their one-loop corrections to five processes, i.e. $e^+e^- \to μ^+μ^-, ~Zh, ~ZZ, ~W^+W^-$, and $Zγ$, and investigate the corresponding signatures at CEPC with the projected sensitivity. We find that the detectable parameter regions of these processes are complementary. The combined analysis shows that the mass of dark matter $m_{χ^0_1}$ in these two models can be probed up to $ \sim 150~\mathrm{GeV}$ and $\sim 450$ GeV at a 95\% confidence level, respectively.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Seasonal Variation in Nitrate Removal Mechanisms in Coastal Stormwater Ponds
Creators: name: Gold, A.C.
name: Thompson, S.P.
name: Piehler, M.F.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2021

description: Stormwater wet ponds (SWPs) are engineered structures used to collect and retain stormwater runoff from developed areas. SWPs are generally regarded as important nitrogen (N) sinks, but seasonal variation in SWP N cycling that influences pond nitrogen removal has not been characterized. To inform SWP function across seasons, we sampled the sediments and water columns of three stormwater ponds in the southeastern US coastal plain and measured gas and nutrient fluxes from the sediment-water interface during ambient conditions and nitrate (NO3)-enriched “simulated storm” conditions. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was the dominant form of dissolved N in the water column, while nitrate + nitrite (NOx) was typically below detection. SWP sediment organic matter properties varied by study site but had minimal impact on sediment N processes or estimated NO3 fate. SWP sediments generally functioned as TN sinks during NO3-enriched conditions, but the estimated fate of NO3 varied based on water temperature, DON concentrations, and sediment O2 uptake. These results suggest that permanent N removal (denitrification) by SWPs varies seasonally, with retention of NOx becoming more important during hotter conditions when NOx uptake is largest. Low ambient NOx concentrations and rapid NO3 uptake suggest that coastal stormwater ponds can host reduced conditions that may promote NO3 retention over denitrification. Additional research is needed to determine the fate of retained NO3 in SWP sediments and how variation in NO3 fate might impact downstream water quality.
Pre‐Print‐Prediction of Morphological Properties for Designed Materials Manufactured via Laser‐Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals on a Multi‐Laser Machine
Creators: name: Albert, Johannes
name: Hermann, Oliver
name: Purschke, Simon
name: Rule, David
name: Fleck, Claudia
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: additive manufacturing
subject: designed materials
subject: laser-based powder bed fusion of metals
subject: porous media
subject: process parameter influences

description: Laser‐based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF‐LB/M) is used to build up configurable open‐porous structures—designed materials (DMs) — out of the nickel‐based superalloy Haynes 282. The main objective is to investigate process parameter influences on DM's morphological properties—relative density (RD), mean pore diameter (PD), mean strut diameter (SD), and surface ratio (SR). For the analysis of hatch distance, laser power, and scan speed—hence line and volume energy—effects a three‐level design of experiment (DoE) is utilized. The resulting process parameter combinations are applied to 77 samples; Multiple repetitions ensured statistical validity for the attained morphological information. The data points were used to elaborate equations for the properties based on the introduced process parameters. The identified relations were implemented into previously developed tolerance equations, which were afterward pre‐print‐predictable. These calculation‐based boundaries were assessed for their validity by comparing them to certain data points from five parameter sets. The RD equation was finally used to analyze the capability of reducing its tolerance width. Here, the formerly identified position‐dependent term was compensated by process parameter adaptions. The effects of the compensation on the other properties were also investigated.
Multi-User Holographic MIMO Surfaces: Channel Modeling and Spectral Efficiency Analysis
Creators: name: Wei, Li
name: Huang, Chongwen
name: Alexandropoulos, George C.
name: Sha, Wei E. I.
name: Zhang, Zhaoyang
name: Debbah, Merouane
name: Yuen, Chau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The multi-user Holographic Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Surface (MU-HMIMOS) paradigm, which is capable of realizing large continuous apertures with minimal power consumption, has been recently considered as an energyefficient solution for future wireless networks, offering increased flexibility in impacting electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation according to the desired communication, localization, and sensing objectives. The tractable channel modeling in MU-HMIMOS wireless systems is one of the most critical research challenges, mainly due to the coupling effect induced by the excessively large number of closely spaced patch antennas. In this paper, we focus on this challenge for the downlink of multi-user MIMO communications and extend an EM-compliant channel model to multiuser case, which is expressed in the wavenumber domain using the Fourier plane wave approximation. Based on the presented channel model, we investigate the spectral efficiency of maximumratio transmission and Zero-Forcing (ZF) precoding schemes. We also introduce a novel hardware efficient ZF precoder, leveraging Neumann series (NS) expansion to replace the required matrix inversion operation, which is very hard to be computed in the conventional way due to the extremely large number of patch antennas in the envisioned MU-HMIMOS communication systems. In comparison with the conventional independent and identical Rayleigh fading channels that ignore antenna coupling effects, the proposed EM-compliant channel model captures the mutual couplings induced by the very small antenna spacing. Our extensive performance evaluation results demonstrate that our theoretical performance expressions approximate sufficiently well ...
Environmental gradients influence biogeographic patterns of nonconsumptive predator effects on oysters
Creators: name: Grabowski, J.H.
name: Piehler, M.F.
name: Byers, J.E.
name: Smee, D.L.
name: Scherer, A.E.
name: Hughes, A.R.
name: Kimbro, D.L.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2020

description: When prey alter behavioral or morphological traits to reduce predation risk, they often incur fitness costs through reduced growth and reproduction as well as increased mortality that are known as nonconsumptive effects (NCEs). Environmental context and trophic structure can individually alter the strength of NCEs, yet the interactive influence of these contexts in natural settings is less understood. At six sites across 1000 km of the Southeastern Atlantic Bight (SAB), we constructed oyster reefs with one, two, or three trophic levels and evaluated the traits of focal juvenile oysters exposed to predation risk cues. We monitored environmental variables (water flow velocity, microalgal resources, and oyster larval recruitment) that may have altered how oysters respond to risk, and we also assessed the cost of trait changes to oyster mortality and growth when they were protected from direct predatory loss. Regardless of trophic structure, we found that oyster shell strength and natural oyster recruitment peaked at the center of the region. This high recruitment negated the potential for NCEs by smothering and killing the focal oysters. Also independent of trophic structure, focal oysters grew the most at the northernmost site. In contrast to, and perhaps because of, these strong environmental effects, the oyster traits of condition index and larval recruitment were only suppressed by the trophic treatment with a full complement of risk cues from intermediate and top predators at just the southernmost site. But at this same site, statistically significant NCEs on oyster growth and mortality were not detected. More strikingly, our study demonstrated environmental gradients that differentially influence oysters throughout the SAB. In particular, the results of our trophic manipulation experiment across these gradients suggest that in the absence of predation, environmental differences among sites may overwhelm the influence of NCEs on prey traits and population dynamics.
title:  ‘La mistica e l’anima russa’. Pavel A. Florenskij e lo sguardo mistico sul mondo
Creators: name: Costanzo  ,  Giovanna
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Di contro al diffondersi di una crescente cultura scientista e atea, il filosofo e teologo russo Pavel Florenskij dedica la sua intera esistenza a cercare di tenere in unità dialettica la ragione speculativa, che si inoltra dentro le maglie di ogni corpuscolo di materia, e le inquietudini di una ‘fede’ che continua a porre domande, facendosi pervadere dalla meraviglia e dallo stupore nei confronti del Principio da cui si origina la vita. In quel luogo che rappresenta il cuore della Russia e della sua spiritualità, la Lavra dello Trinità e il culto di San Sergio con le sue celebri icone, Pavel Florenskij trascorre anni dedicati ai suoi tanti interessi, tra i quali lo studio della mistica. Questa va intesa come il nucleo più profondo della spiritualità ortodossa, quando consente e nella contemplazione delle icone e nel rito, il movimento di ascesa verso il Padre, verso una Alterità mai completamente dicibile e mai del tutto conoscibile, e di un movimento che dall’alto scende verso il basso, dopo che la rivelazione dell’ordo amoris che informa la creazione e elabora un ordine di beni e di relazioni a cui ci si abbandona con fiducia infinita. L’esperienza mistica è ciò che dona alla fede vissuta la possibilità di una metanoia, di una trasformazione grazie alla rivelazione di quel ‘cuore cherubico’ che fa rinascere a nuova vita. Fulcro della ‘mistica del cuore’ è far sì che il trascendimento di sé e lo svuotamento da ogni interesse egoistico consenta l’accoglimento in sé del principio unificatore della nostra interiorità, promuova una vita di relazioni autentiche e vere, solo se vissute dentro l’amore infinito e unificante del Cristo.
description: B@belonline vol. 1/2 Filosofia e mistica
Additional file 2 of Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments
Creators: name: Kong, Xiangyi
name: Gao, Peng
name: Wang, Jing
name: Fang, Yi
name: Hwang, Kuo Chu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Search results related to clinical trials of nanorobot on the website of www.clinicaltrials.gov .
Raptorhydracarus tomasini, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Gerecke, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Limnesiidae
Raptorhydracarus
Raptorhydracarus tomasini

description: Raptorhydracarus tomasini sp. nov.
(Figs. 7A–L)
Type series. Holotype male, dissected and slide mounted on two slides, Vietnam C12, DV 0 8, Ha Giang, Dong Van, Dong Van, Grotta Ta Lu, gours (rimstone pools) of dropping water end of the cave right arm, T 16.2 ºC, pH 8.34, 23°15'37.8'' N, 105°21'38.5'' E, 1251 m asl., 02.ii.2010 Tomasin.
Diagnosis. As given for the subfamily.
Etymology. Named after Gianfranco Tomasin (Udine, Italy), collector of the highly interesting mites treated in this paper.
Description. Male (female unknown)—Idiosoma (ventral view: Fig. 7B) L 220, W 202; dorsal anterior plate L/W 84/151, ratio 0.56; dorsal posterior plate L/W 85/154 ratio 0.55. Distance tip Cx-I–genital field 169, distance between IV–L insertions 131. Genital field L/W 42/40, ratio 1.05. Legs: I–III–L (Fig. 7D–F) basally narrowed, ventral and distal margins distally strongly diverging, IV-L-5–6 slender (Fig. 7G); dL of I–L-1–6: 40, 45, 35, 51, 54, 83, I–L-6 L/H ratio 2.9; dL of IV–L-4–6: 77, 89, 85, IV-L-6 L/H ratio 4.6. I–III–L claws with a fine ventral denticle, possibly remnant of a inner clawlet, IV-L with simple claws. Gnathosoma (Fig. 7L) short, vL 66; chelicera (Fig. 7K) total L 94, basal segment L 78, claw L 21.5, L basal segment/claw ratio 3.6; shape and setation of palps as shown in Figs. 7H–I; palp total L 237, L/H, L/H ratio: P-1, 16/18.5, 0.87; P-2, 66/34, 1.9; P-3, 26/19, 1.37; P-4, 57/26, 2.19; P-5, 72/8, 9.0; P-2/P-4 ratio 1.16.
Distribution. Vietnam; only known from the locus typicus.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir & Gerecke, Reinhard, 2014, Water mites from caves of the Ha Giang province, northern Vietnam (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 367-380 in Zootaxa 3774 (4) on page 376, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3774.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/229333
Deficits and Inflation
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: There are few issues in economics on which popular beliefs are as widely held as the belief that budget deficits are inflationary. Practical men, professional speculators and traders, Congressmen and other noneconomists who permit themselves to be quoted are almost uniformly quoted on one side of the issue. Public opinion polls suggest that their view is a majority view. We can only guess at the qualifications and conditions that are in the minds of the practical man and the polls' respondents. It seems unlikely, however, that the qualifications would do more than state some conditions under which the positive association may be present, but not always apparent to the naked eye. For example, some may qualify their claim by asserting that deficits keep prices from falling, or inflation from declining, during recessions. Qualifications of this kind change the type of relation from simple to multivariate but they do not change the alleged positive relation between deficits and inflation. And they change the positive effect from a total to a partial effect that can be observed only if a proper set of "other things" is taken into account.
Maximum density of an induced 5-cycle is achieved by an iterated blow-up of a 5-cycle
Creators: name: Balogh, József
name: Hu, Ping
name: Lidický, Bernard
name: Pfender, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $C(n)$ denote the maximum number of induced copies of 5-cycles in graphs on $n$ vertices. For $n$ large enough, we show that $C(n)=a\cdot b\cdot c \cdot d \cdot e + C(a)+C(b)+C(c)+C(d)+C(e)$, where $a+b+c+d+e = n$ and $a,b,c,d,e$ are as equal as possible. Moreover, if $n$ is a power of 5, we show that the unique graph on $n$ vertices maximizing the number of induced 5-cycles is an iterated blow-up of a 5-cycle.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Investigation on Process Stability and Part Positioning Influence on the Relative Density of Designed Materials via Laser‐Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals on a Multi‐Laser Machine
Creators: name: Albert, Johannes
name: Hermann, Oliver
name: Purschke, Simon
name: Rule, David
name: Fleck, Claudia
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: additive manufacturing
subject: designed materials
subject: laser-based powder bed fusion of metals
subject: porous media
subject: repeatability

description: Component production via laser‐based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF‐LB/M) is becoming reality for multiple applications. Especially for sophisticated parts, as in case of gas turbines, assurance of repeatable properties involves control of process and machine parameters. PBF‐LB/M is used to build configurable open‐porous structures—designed materials (DMs)—out of the high temperature superalloy Haynes 282 with relative densities from 35% to 65%. The objective is investigating positioning influence and process stability based on their relative densities in discrete scan fields and build jobs. As DMs made from Haynes 282 are not yet scientifically investigated, first the process boundaries are identified. The used PBF‐LB/M machine—EOS M 400‐4—works with four lasers in four quadrants—a quadrant benchmarking is carried out. The experiment is repeated in a second build job. Scatter is identified in quadrant and build job benchmarking. A further aspect under investigation is positioning within laser quadrants. However, keeping laser and parameter combinations constant, sample locations are assessed. A relative density dependency on the laser deflection angle—as a positional measure—is observed. The results of positioning influence and scatter are used to formulate a tolerance equation for relative densities of DMs.
Dynamic pricing of remanufacturable products under demand substitution: a product life cycle model
Creators: name: Akan, Mustafa
name: Baris  Ata
name: R. Canan  Savaskan-Ebert
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider a manufacturer who sells both the new and remanufactured versions of a product over its life cycle. The manufacturer’s profit depends crucially on her ability to synchronize product returns with the sales of the remanufactured product. This gives rise to a challenging dynamic optimization problem where the size of both the market and the user pool are dynamic and their current values depend on the entire history. We provide an analytical characterization of the manufacturer’s optimal pricing, production, and inventory policies which lead to a practical threshold policy with a small optimality gap. In addition, our analysis offers a number of interesting insights. First, the timing of remanufacturing activity and its co-occurrence with new product manufacturing critically depends on remanufacturing cost benefits, attractiveness of the remanufactured product and product return rate. Second, there is a small upward jump in the price of the new product when remanufacturing is introduced. Third, the manufacturer keeps the new product longer on the market as the cost of remanufacturing decreases. Fourth, partially satisfying demand for the remanufactured item is never optimal, i.e., it is satisfied either fully or not at all. Finally, user pool and inventory of returned products are substitutes in ensuring the supply for future remanufacturing.
Regional environmental variation and local species interactions influence biogeographic structure on oyster reefs
Creators: name: Kimbro, D.L.
name: Gouhier, T.C.
name: Grabowski, J.H.
name: Byers, J.E.
name: Piehler, M.F.
name: Dodd, L.F.
name: Hughes, A.R.
Publisher: name: Ecological Society of America
Year: 2020

description: Although species interactions are often assumed to be strongest at small spatial scales, they can interact with regional environmental factors to modify food web dynamics across biogeographic scales. The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a widespread foundational species of both ecological and economic importance. The oyster and its associated assemblage of fish and macroinvertebrates is an ideal system to investigate how regional differences in environmental variables influence trophic interactions and food web structure. We quantified multiple environmental factors, oyster reef properties, associated species, and trophic guilds on intertidal oyster reefs within 10 estuaries along 900 km of the southeastern United States. Geographical gradients in fall water temperature and mean water depth likely influenced regional (i.e., the northern, central and southern sections of the SAB) variation in oyster reef food web structure. Variation in the biomass of mud crabs, an intermediate predator, was mostly (84.1%) explained by reefs within each site, and did not differ substantially among regions; however, regional variation in the biomass of top predators and of juvenile oysters also contributed to biogeographic variation in food web structure. In particular, region explained almost half (40.2%) of the variation in biomass of predators of blue crab, a top predator that was prevalent only in the central region where water depth was greater. Field experiments revealed that oyster mortality due to predation was greatest in the central region, suggesting spatial variation in the importance of trophic cascades. However, high oyster recruitment in the middle region probably compensates for this enhanced predation, potentially explaining why relatively less variation (17.9%) in oyster cluster biomass was explained by region. Region also explained over half of the variation in biomass of mud crab predators (55.2%), with the southern region containing almost an order of magnitude more biomass than the other two regions. In this region, higher water temperatures in the fall corresponded with higher biomass of fish that consume mud crabs and of fish that consume juvenile and forage fish, whereas biomas of their prey (mud crabs and juvenile and forage fish, respectively) was generally low in the southern region. Collectively, these results show how environmental gradients interact with trophic cascades to structure food webs associated with foundation species across biogeographic regions.
Hadron Structure from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Green, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in lattice QCD calculations of nucleon structure will be presented. Calculations of nucleon matrix elements and form factors have long been difficult to reconcile with experiment, but with advances in both methodology and computing resources, this situation is improving. Some calculations have produced agreement with experiment for key observables such as the axial charge and electromagnetic form factors, and the improved understanding of systematic errors will help to increase confidence in predictions of unmeasured quantities. The long-omitted disconnected contributions are now seeing considerable attention and some recent calculations of them will be discussed.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. Review talk presented at the XIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, September 8-12, 2014, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Genetic diversity and phenotypic variation within hatchery-produced oyster cohorts predict size and success in the field
Creators: name: McCrudden, T.
name: Piehler, M.F.
name: Hanley, T.C.
name: Kimbro, D.L.
name: Grabowski, J.H.
name: Hughes, A.R.
name: Byers, J.E.
Publisher: name: Ecological Society of America
Year: 2019

description: The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry to meet global seafood demand offers both risks and opportunities for resource management and conservation. In particular, hatcheries hold promise for stock enhancement and restoration, yet cultivation practices may lead to enhanced variation between populations at the expense of variation within populations, with uncertain implications for performance and resilience. To date, few studies have assessed how production techniques impact genetic diversity and population structure, as well as resultant trait variation in and performance of cultivated offspring. We collaborated with a commercial hatchery to produce multiple cohorts of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) from field-collected broodstock using standard practices. We recorded key characteristics of the broodstock (male : female ratio, effective population size), quantified the genetic diversity of the resulting cohorts, and tested their trait variation and performance across multiple field sites and experimental conditions. Oyster cohorts produced under the same conditions in a single hatchery varied almost twofold in genetic diversity. In addition, cohort genetic diversity was a significant positive predictor of oyster performance traits, including initial size and survival in the field. Oyster cohorts produced in the hatchery had lower within-cohort genetic variation and higher among-cohort genetic structure than adults surveyed from the same source sites. These findings are consistent with “sweepstakes reproduction” in oysters, even when manually spawned. A readily measured characteristic of broodstock, the ratio of males to females, was positively correlated with within-cohort genetic diversity of the resulting offspring. Thus, this metric may offer a tractable way both to meet short-term production goals for seafood demand and to ensure the capacity of hatchery-produced stock to achieve conservation objectives, such as the recovery of self-sustaining wild populations.
Cut Elimination in Multifocused Linear Logic
Creators: name: Brock-Nannestad, Taus
name: Guenot, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study cut elimination for a multifocused variant of full linear logic in the sequent calculus. The multifocused normal form of proofs yields problems that do not appear in a standard focused system, related to the constraints in grouping rule instances in focusing phases. We show that cut elimination can be performed in a sensible way even though the proof requires some specific lemmas to deal with multifocusing phases, and discuss the difficulties arising with cut elimination when considering normal forms of proofs in linear logic.
description: In Proceedings LINEARITY 2014, arXiv:1502.04419
title:  Deshumanizando la culpabilidad: los sistemas inanimados en la teoría del delito
Creators: name: Giraldi  ,  Angelo
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2023

description: La inteligencia artificial se ha desarrollado hasta llegar a influir no sólo en la realidad social, sino también en las instituciones básicas del Derecho penal. La implementación de máquinas capaces de autodeterminarse y de actuar independientemente de la voluntad humana ha generado la exigencia de replantear la regulación jurídica frente a los posibles ataques sufridos y causados por estos sistemas inanimados. Por tanto, se analizarán la oportunidad y la viabilidad de conceder subjetividad pasiva y activa a los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, desenvolviendo el análisis entre una culpabilidad “deshumana” y otra “deshumanizada”. Además, se examinará la influencia de los sistemas inanimados en la determinación de la pena en concreto.

Artificial intelligence has developed to the point of influencing not only social reality, but also the basic institutions of Criminal Law. The implementation of machines capable of self-determining and acting independently of human will has generated the need to rethink the legal regulation before possible attacks suffered and caused by these inanimate systems. Therefore, the opportunity and feasibility of granting passive and active subjectivity to artificial intelligence systems will be analyzed, developing the analysis between an “inhumane” and a “dehumanized” culpability. In addition, the influence of inanimate systems on the concrete determination of the punishment will be examined.
description: Derecho penal, inteligencia artificial y neurociencias/Diritto penale, intelligenza artificiale e neuroscienze
Additional file 1 of Geophysical investigation of the Mado Megamullion oceanic core complex: implications for the end of back-arc spreading
Creators: name: Okino, Kyoko
name: Tani, Kenichiro
name: Fujii, Masakazu
name: Zhou, Fei
name: Ishizuka, Osamu
name: Ohara, Yasuhiko
name: Hanyu, Tomoko
name: Matamura, Yuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material document for station numbers and detailed methodology of zircon age dating.
Updated Photometry of the Yellow Supergiant Progenitor and Late-time Observations of the Type IIb Supernova 2016gkg
Creators: name: Kilpatrick, Charles D.
name: Coulter, David A.
name: Foley, Ryan J.
name: Piro, Anthony L.
name: Rest, Armin
name: Rojas-Bravo, César
name: Siebert, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the type IIb supernova (SN) 2016gkg at 652, 1698, and 1795 days with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). Comparing to pre-explosion imaging from 2001 obtained with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2, we demonstrate that SN 2016gkg is now fainter than its candidate counterpart in the latest WFC3 imaging, implying that the counterpart has disappeared and confirming that it was the SN progenitor star. We show the latest light curve and Keck spectra of SN 2016gkg, which implies that SN 2016gkg is declining more slowly than the expected rate for ${}^{56}$Co decay during its nebular phase. We find that this emission is too luminous to be powered by other radioisotopes, thus we infer that SN 2016gkg is entering a new phase in its evolution where it is powered primarily by interaction with circumstellar matter. Finally, we re-analyze the progenitor star spectral energy distribution and late-time limits in the context of binary evolution models and including emission from a potential companion star and find that all companion stars would be fainter than our limiting magnitudes.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Nonlinear Model Reduction for Complex Systems using Sparse Optimal Sensor Locations from Learned Nonlinear Libraries
Creators: name: Sargsyan, Syuzanna
name: Brunton, Steven L.
name: Kutz, J. Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the synthesis of sparse sampling and machine learning to characterize and model complex, nonlinear dynamical systems over a range of bifurcation parameters. First, we construct modal libraries using the classical proper orthogonal decomposition to uncover dominant low-rank coherent structures. Here, nonlinear libraries are also constructed in order to take advantage of the discrete empirical interpolation method and projection that allows for the approximation of nonlinear terms in a low-dimensional way. The selected sampling points are shown to be nearly optimal sensing locations for characterizing the underlying dynamics, stability, and bifurcations of complex systems. The use of empirical interpolation points and sparse representation facilitate a family of local reduced-order models for each physical regime, rather than a higher-order global model, which has the benefit of physical interpretability of energy transfer between coherent structures. In particular, the discrete interpolation points and nonlinear modal libraries are used for sparse representation to classify the dynamic bifurcation regime in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. It is shown that nonlinear point measurements are more effective than linear measurements when sensor noise is present.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of The prognostic role of the low and very low baseline LDL-C level in outcomes of patients with cardiac revascularization; comparative registry-based cohort design
Creators: name: Rezaee, Malihe
name: Fallahzadeh, Aida
name: Sheikhy, Ali
name: Ajam, Ali
name: Sadeghian, Saeed
name: Bsc, Mina Pashang
name: Shirzad, Mahmoud
name: Mansourian, Soheil
name: Bagheri, Jamshid
name: Hosseini, Kaveh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 1: Frequency of Propensity Scores in each LDL group before and after matching
Main-sequence stars masquerading as Young Stellar Objects in the central molecular zone
Creators: name: Koepferl, Christine M.
name: Robitaille, Thomas P.
name: Morales, Esteban F. E.
name: Johnston, Katharine G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to most other galaxies, star-formation rates in the Milky Way can be estimated directly from Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). In the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) the star-formation rate calculated from the number of YSOs with 24 microns emission is up to order of magnitude higher than the value estimated from methods based on diffuse emission (such as free-free emission). Whether this effect is real or whether it indicates problems with either or both star formation rate measures is not currently known. In this paper, we investigate whether estimates based on YSOs could be heavily contaminated by more evolved objects such as main-sequence stars. We present radiative transfer models of YSOs and of main-sequence stars in a constant ambient medium which show that the main-sequence objects can indeed mimic YSOs at 24 microns. However, we show that in some cases the main-sequence models can be marginally resolved at 24 microns, whereas the YSO models are always unresolved. Based on the fraction of resolved MIPS 24 microns sources in the sample of YSOs previously used to compute the star formation rate, we estimate the fraction of misclassified "YSOs" to be at least 63%, which suggests that the star-formation rate previously determined from YSOs is likely to be at least a factor of three too high.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 11 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 2 of Geophysical investigation of the Mado Megamullion oceanic core complex: implications for the end of back-arc spreading
Creators: name: Okino, Kyoko
name: Tani, Kenichiro
name: Fujii, Masakazu
name: Zhou, Fei
name: Ishizuka, Osamu
name: Ohara, Yasuhiko
name: Hanyu, Tomoko
name: Matamura, Yuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional file 2. Suppl. Fig 1. Terra-Wasserburg concordia diagrams and age distribution plots for the zircons analyzed from the samples. Detailed caption is in Additional File 1.
Detecting Embedded Horn Structure in Propositional Logic
Creators: name: V.  Chandru
name: Hooker, John N.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We show that the problem of finding a maximum renamable Horn problem within a propositional satisfiability problem is NP-hard but can be formulated as a set packing and therefore a maximum clique problem, for which numerous algorithms and heuristics have been developed.
title:  Les Mouches e Les Troyennes. Coscienza commossa e immaginario irrealizzante
Creators: name: Cera  ,  Francesca
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Questo contributo vuole essere una nuova lettura del théâtre de situations, nello specifico di Les Mouches e di Les Troyennes alla luce degli assunti filosofici che Sartre elabora negli scritti degli anni ’30. È possibile intravedere nelle due pièces in questione un’applicazione delle teorie alle quali Sartre approda negli anni del confronto con la fenomenologia di Husserl e di Heidegger, con una particolare attenzione rivolta all’Esquisse d’une théorie des émotions e a L’Imaginaire. Si assiste dunque alla ‘trasformazione magica del mondo’ ad opera delle emozioni e all’insinuarsi sulla scena di una dimensione immaginaria che prende il sopravvento sulla realtà. Prende così corpo un’analisi delle due pièces guidata dalla prepotenza delle condotte emozionali che definiscono l’essenza e le scelte dei diversi personaggi, muovendo così le fila delle loro esistenze. In tal senso si è rivelato determinante il confronto con l’Esquisse d’une théorie générale de la magie di Marcel Mauss che per primo parla di ‘forza magica’, ‘passività’ e ‘cieca credenza’ come elementi operanti una misteriosa trasformazione del reale. Pertanto, ancora una volta, il teatro diventa la tribuna in cui Sartre chiama in causa le possibilità e i limiti dell’impresa di vivere, rappresentando una natura umana in cerca di definizione, costretta a risolvere i conflitti di diritti imposti dalla ‘situazione’ e a tracciare il suo singolare e tortuoso percorso verso la libertà.
description: B@belonline vol. 1/2 Filosofia e mistica
Autologous chemotaxis at high cell density
Creators: name: Vennettilli, Michael
name: Gonzalez, Louis
name: Hilgert, Nicholas
name: Mugler, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Autologous chemotaxis, in which cells secrete and detect molecules to determine the direction of fluid flow, is thwarted at high cell density because molecules from other cells interfere with a given cell's signal. Using a minimal model of autologous chemotaxis, we determine the cell density at which sensing fails and find that it agrees with experimental observations of metastatic cancer cells. To understand this agreement, we derive a physical limit to autologous chemotaxis in terms of the cell density, the Péclet number, and the length scales of the cell and its environment. Surprisingly, in an environment that is uniformly oversaturated in the signaling molecule, we find that sensing not only can fail, but can be reversed, causing backwards cell motion. Our results get to the heart of the competition between chemical and mechanical cellular sensing and shed light on a sensory strategy employed by cancer cells in dense tumor environments.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Discussion of Duesenberry's Paper
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: There is a large gap between monetary theory and the practice of monetary policy, as I've said a number of times. There is a larger gap between discussions of the theory of economic policy and the actual conduct of policy. When economists discuss economic policy, conclusions are very clear. Policy operations should set the market rate equal to the natural rate, provide something called the "optimum stock of money,11 or in the more esoteric models, move the economy to a so called bliss point.
Disentangling Investment Returns and Stock Returns: The Importance of Time-to-Build
Creators: name: Lars-Alexander Kuehn
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: I provide new evidence on the failure of the Q-theory. The Q-theory implies the
state-by-state equivalence of stock and investment returns|a important implication of
many asset pricing models. Using aggregate US data, I find there exists a realistic parameterization of the aggregate production and adjustment cost function such that empirical investment returns have first and second moments similar to historical US stock
returns. Investment and stock returns are negatively correlated, however, contradicting
the Q-theory. This paper also proposes a rational explanation for this finding. A general
equilibrium model with production, in which investment projects involve time-to-build,
can rationalize these findings. The model is also able to explain the negative correlation
of investment growth and stock returns at the aggregate level|an observation that has
been interpreted as evidence for irrational markets since it cannot be reconciled with the
Q-theory of investment.
The Comptonisation of accretion disc X-ray emission: Consequences for X-ray reflection and the geometry of AGN coronae
Creators: name: Wilkins, D. R.
name: Gallo, L. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Comptonisation of the photons that make up the relativistically blurred reflection that is commonly detected from the accretion discs of AGN by the coronae of energetic particles believed to give rise to the powerful X-ray continua by the inverse-Compton scattering of thermal seed photons from the disc. Recent measurements of the emissivity profiles of accretion discs as well as reverberation time lags between the primary X-ray continuum and the reflection suggest that this corona is situated at a low height above the disc and extends radially, tens of gravitational radii over the disc surface, hence should also Compton scatter the reflected X-rays. We find that the detection of blurred reflection from as close in as the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) of maximally rotating black holes is consistent with such coronae, but requires that the corona be patchy, consisting perhaps of a number of isolated flares throughout the region. Considering only the requirement that it be possible to detect reflection from the ISCO, we find that at any given moment, the covering fraction of the inner part of the accretion disc by the corona needs to be less than 85 per cent, though allowing for the detection of 'reflection-dominated' spectra in which the total reflected flux exceeds that seen in the continuum requires covering fractions as low as 50 or 25 per cent.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS