cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Simplified-DPN treatment of the neutron transport equation
Creators: name: Nazari, M.
name: Zolfaghari, A.
name: Abbasi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the simplified double-spherical harmonics SDPN, approximation of the neutron transport equation is proposed. The SDPN equations are derived from the multi-group DPN equations for N=1,2,3 (comparable to the SP3, SP5, and SP7 equations, respectively), and are converted into the form of second order multi-group diffusion equations. The finite element method with the variational approach is then used to numerically solve these equations. The computational performance of the SDPN method is compared with the SPN on several fixed-source and criticality test problems. The results show that the SDPN formulation generally results in parameters like criticality eigenvalue, disadvantage factors, absorption rate, etc. more accurately than the SPN, even up to an order of magnitude more precise, while the computational effort is the same for both methods.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, 11 tables
Fair channel allocation and access design for cognitive ad hoc networks
Creators: name: Tan, Le Thanh
name: Le, Long Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the fair channel assignment and access design problem for cognitive radio ad hoc network in this paper. In particular, we consider a scenario where ad hoc network nodes have hardware constraints which allow them to access at most one channel at any time. We investigate a fair channel allocation problem where each node is allocated a subset of channels which are sensed and accessed periodically by their owners by using a MAC protocol. Toward this end, we analyze the complexity of the optimal brute-force search algorithm which finds the optimal solution for this NP-hard problem. We then develop low-complexity algorithms that can work efficiently with a MAC protocol algorithm, which resolves the access contention from neighboring secondary nodes. Also, we develop a throughput analytical model, which is used in the proposed channel allocation algorithm and for performance evaluation of its performance. Finally, we present extensive numerical results to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms in achieving fair spectrum sharing among traffic flows in the network.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.1674
Impacts of Mn(II) on Mn-oxide mineralogy and trace metal solubility and speciation in reaction systems containing birnessite
Creators: name: Lefkowitz, Joshua
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2016

description: This dissertation examines Mn(II)-birnessite interactions to improve understanding of the geochemical cycling of manganese, their influence on other elemental cycles, and the fate and solubility of trace metals through three studies that determined: (1) the influence of pH on Mn(II)-birnessite interactions under oxic and anoxic conditions, (2) how Zn(II) impacts Mn(II)-birnessite interactions, and (3) how Ni(II) impacts Mn(II)-birnessite interactions. UV-Vis spectroscopy and flame AAS were used in conjunction with XRD, XAS, ATR-FTIR and SEM to determine changes in solution chemistry concomitant with the reaction substrate in batch sorption experiments. Birnessite reacted at pH < 7.0 exhibited no bulk mineralogical transformation products. At pH 7.0-8.5, reaction with Mn(II) under anoxic conditions caused reductive transformation of birnessite into different end products contingent upon pH, the concentration of Mn(II) and/or the presence of either Zn(II) or Ni(II). For binary Mn(II)-birnessite systems, formation of feitknechtite (β-MnOOH) and manganite (γ-MnOOH) were observed at pH 7-8. At pH 8.0-8.5, Mn(II)-birnessite interactions produced hausmannite (Mn3O4). In oxic systems, reductive transformation of birnessite is complemented by surface catalyzed oxidation of Mn(II) by O2. Mn(II) was found to compete for sorption sites with Zn(II) at pH 6.5. At pH 7.5, Zn(II) and Mn(II) sorption were observed to be enhanced relative to the corresponding experiments where only one aqueous divalent metal was present. The speciation of Zn(II) was different than at pH 6.5 and XAS results in combination with XRD data demonstrate formation of spinel Zn(II)1-xMn(II)xMn(III)2O4. When Mn(II) is present in systems containing Ni(II)-birnessite at pH 6.5, Ni(II) edge-sharing surface complexes form. At pH 7.5, Mn(II) has a distinct impact on Ni(II) speciation. Transformation of Ni(II)-birnessite, following introduction of Mn(II), to a feitnechtite-like phase containing Ni(II) was evident by XRD and ATR-FTIR analyses; further conversion to manganite was inhibited. XAS, FTIR, and XRD analyses suggest that Ni(II) is incorporated into the feitknechtite-like structure. The results of this dissertation suggest that aqueous Mn(II) is an important control on the mineralogy and reactivity of natural Mn-oxides, as well as the fate and solubility of trace metals, particularly in aqueous geochemical environments with neutral to alkaline pH values.
Thermal phase transitions in rotating QCD with dynamical quarks
Creators: name: Braguta, V. V.
name: Kotov, A. Yu.
name: Roenko, A. A.
name: Sychev, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic rotation causes a change of QCD critical temperatures. Various phenomenological and effective models predict a decrease of the critical temperatures in rotating QCD. Nevertheless, lattice simulations showed that the critical temperature in gluodynamics increases due to rotation. We extend the lattice study to the theory with dynamical fermions. We present the first lattice results for rotating QCD with $N_f=2$ dynamical clover-improved Wilson quarks. We also study separately the effect of rotation on gluonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. It is shown that separate rotations of gluons and fermions have opposite effects on the critical temperatures. In aggregate, the pseudo-critical temperatures in QCD increase with angular velocity. Dependence of the results on the pion mass is also discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 8th-13th August, 2022, Bonn, Germany
Deep Learning Methods for Partial Differential Equations and Related Parameter Identification Problems
Creators: name: Tanyu, Derick Nganyu
name: Ning, Jianfeng
name: Freudenberg, Tom
name: Heilenkötter, Nick
name: Rademacher, Andreas
name: Iben, Uwe
name: Maass, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recent years have witnessed a growth in mathematics for deep learning--which seeks a deeper understanding of the concepts of deep learning with mathematics and explores how to make it more robust--and deep learning for mathematics, where deep learning algorithms are used to solve problems in mathematics. The latter has popularised the field of scientific machine learning where deep learning is applied to problems in scientific computing. Specifically, more and more neural network architectures have been developed to solve specific classes of partial differential equations (PDEs). Such methods exploit properties that are inherent to PDEs and thus solve the PDEs better than standard feed-forward neural networks, recurrent neural networks, or convolutional neural networks. This has had a great impact in the area of mathematical modeling where parametric PDEs are widely used to model most natural and physical processes arising in science and engineering. In this work, we review such methods as well as their extensions for parametric studies and for solving the related inverse problems. We equally proceed to show their relevance in some industrial applications.
The role of turbulence in star formation laws and thresholds
Creators: name: Kraljic, Katarina
name: Renaud, Florent
name: Bournaud, Frederic
name: Combes, Francoise
name: Elmegreen, Bruce
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Teyssier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schmidt-Kennicutt relation links the surface densities of gas to the star formation rate in galaxies. The physical origin of this relation, and in particular its break, i.e. the transition between an inefficient regime at low gas surface densities and a main regime at higher densities, remains debated. Here, we study the physical origin of the star formation relations and breaks in several low-redshift galaxies, from dwarf irregulars to massive spirals. We use numerical simulations representative of the Milky Way, the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds with parsec up to subparsec resolution, and which reproduce the observed star formation relations and the relative variations of the star formation thresholds. We analyze the role of interstellar turbulence, gas cooling, and geometry in drawing these relations, at 100 pc scale. We suggest in particular that the existence of a break in the Schmidt- Kennicutt relation could be linked to the transition from subsonic to supersonic turbulence and is independent of self-shielding effects. This transition being connected to the gas thermal properties and thus to the metallicity, the break is shifted toward high surface densities in metal-poor galaxies, as observed in dwarf galaxies. Our results suggest that together with the collapse of clouds under self-gravity, turbulence (injected at galactic scale) can induce the compression of gas and regulate star formation.
description: 15 pages, 19 figures; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Riemannian Smoothing Gradient Type Algorithms]{Riemannian Smoothing Gradient Type Algorithms for Nonsmooth Optimization Problem on Compact Riemannian Submanifold Embedded in Euclidean Space
Creators: name: Peng, Zheng
name: Wu, Weihe
name: Hu, Jiang
name: Deng, Kangkang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C26, 90C30, 90C15, 90C06, 90C90

description: In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized $ε$-stationarity for a class of nonconvex and nonsmooth composite minimization problems on compact Riemannian submanifold embedded in Euclidean space. To find a generalized $ε$-stationarity point, we develop a family of Riemannian gradient-type methods based on the Moreau envelope technique with a decreasing sequence of smoothing parameters, namely Riemannian smoothing gradient and Riemannian smoothing stochastic gradient methods. We prove that the Riemannian smoothing gradient method has the iteration complexity of $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-3})$ for driving a generalized $ε$-stationary point. To our knowledge, this is the best-known iteration complexity result for the nonconvex and nonsmooth composite problem on manifolds. For the Riemannian smoothing stochastic gradient method, one can achieve the iteration complexity of $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-5})$ for driving a generalized $ε$-stationary point. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the superiority of our algorithms.
An evaluation of the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements to hydraulic parameters of the vadose zone
Creators: name: Falzone, Samuel O.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2016

description: Hydrogeologic processes of the vadose zone have important implications for many environmental issues including agricultural practices such as irrigation, water resource management, and contaminant transport, among others. Current methods for characterizing the vadose zone involve invasive and sparse data collection techniques. While geophysics has the potential to measure hydrogeologic processes non-invasively, current geophysical measurements have not been widely used to study the vadose zone. Of interest in this study is developing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a means to investigate the vadose zone. The first laboratory study in this thesis investigated the NMR relaxation time versus saturation curve of unconsolidated geologic media for samples exhibiting NMR relaxation in different diffusion regimes. Six synthetic sands were created that varied in both grain size and total iron content, in order to simulate different pore size distributions and surface relaxivities. The relative relaxation time versus saturation curve was found to be linear for fast diffusion regime samples and a power law relationship for samples outside the fast diffusion regime. This study proves that samples in different diffusion regimes have different relaxation time versus saturation relationships. The second laboratory study investigated the response in the NMR measurement due to hysteresis caused by drainage and imbibition. The water retention curves, WRC, of four synthetic sands and two loamy sand soils were measured with a porous plate experiment during both drainage and imbibition. Hysteresis was observed for the WRC’s of all samples, but not observed for NMR parameters versus water content. This study proves that NMR is insensitive to differences in the WRC as expressed during drainage and imbibition. Surface NMR is an NMR field measurement, which is capable of measuring a vertical profile of water in the subsurface, and offers a new way of studying the vadose zone. The third study investigated the ability of signal cancellation algorithms to remove the signal originating from a surface water layer present during a surface NMR measurement. An infiltration experiment resulted in a scenario in which the measurement loop was submerged in a layer of surface water. The algorithms presented in this study were capable of removing the signal originating from the surface water layer, resulting in a usable dataset for monitoring infiltration.
Improving characterization of fractured rock using 3D cross-borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)
Creators: name: Robinson, Judith L.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: There is a growing need to understand the hydraulic properties of fractured rock for the development and extraction of natural resources and also to engineer remediation strategies at contaminated sites. The characterization of fractured rock is inherently complex due to the multifaceted interrelationships between stress, temperature, roughness and fracture geometry that affect hydraulic conductivity and flow paths that have hydraulic properties varying over orders of magnitude. Often, sparse data points are interpolated from borehole locations to infer the spatial distribution of flow and transport within fractures. However, these fracture distributions are often poorly resolved due to the heterogeneity of these networks between the borehole locations. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a viable technology to characterize fractured rock as the electrical pathways mimic hydraulic pathways in fractured rock, assuming surface conduction is small. Previous work using ERT in fractured rock gave limited hydrogeological information due to finite element modeling techniques which were not physically appropriate for fractured rock and lack of instrumentation to permit imaging of isolated fracture zones. Synthetic and field datasets were used to incorporate field information to yield an improved hydrogeological interpretation. Specifically, model constraints were incorporated in the inversion modeling and borehole deviations defining these boundaries were explicitly defined in the discretization. Where this information was incorporated, ERT time-lapse changes in conductivity were more focused surrounding fracture locations and borehole effects were minimized. A rigorous examination of localized effects of de-regularization was undertaken and it was found that uncertainty in these boundaries can lead to spurious inversion artifacts. Electrode arrays within seven boreholes were designed, which included isolation bladders and a water sample/injection line. This design facilitated multiple tracer tests in a fractured mudstone to be conducted. The spatial scale of this experiment was such that the primary hydrogeological heterogeneity controlling flow and transport was captured, providing unique information relative to that acquired from borehole logging methods alone. The modeling techniques and instrumentation advancements detailed in this dissertation demonstrates the potential of ERT at fractured rock sites to work towards creating comprehensive flow and transport models.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance: materials, models and applications
Creators: name: Ritzinger, Philipp
name: Vyborny, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistance of certain (conductive and otherwise isotropic) ferromagnets turns out to exhibit anisotropy with respect to the direction of magnetisation: R$_\parallel$ different from R$_\perp$ with reference to the electric current direction. This century-old phenomenon is reviewed both from the perspective of materials and physical mechanisms involved. More recently, this effect has also been extended to antiferromagnets. This opens the possibility for industrial applications reaching far beyond the current ones, e.g. hard drive read heads or position sensors.
description: 50 pages (excl. references), 16 figures
Mpemba Paradox Revisited -- Numerical Reinforcement
Creators: name: Zhang, Xi
name: Huang, Yongli
name: Ma, Zengsheng
name: Sun, Chang Q
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by responses to the work (arXiv:1310.6514), we solved the one-dimensional, nonlinear Fourier initial and boundary condition problem using the finite element method. Examination of all possible parameters reveals the following: 1. Hydrogen bond has memory effect to emit energy at a rate, or with a relaxation time, depending on initial energy storage. 2. Skin super-solidity creates gradients in thermal diffusion coefficient for heat conduction in liquid with the optimal skin-bulk ratio of 1.48. 3. Convection alone produces no such effect. 4. Mpemba effect happens only in the highly non-diabetic source-path-drain cycling system.
A Comprehensive Analysis on Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Hu, Chen-Ran
name: Huang, Yong-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nearly 700 fast radio burst (FRB) sources have been detected till now, among which 29 FRBs are found to burst out repeatedly. Although a firm connection between at least some FRBs and magnetars has been established, the trigger mechanism and radiation process in these enigma phenomena are still highly controversial. In this study, we build a sample of 16 repeating FRBs from which at least five bursts have been detected, including the most active four repeaters of FRBs 20121102A, 20180916B, 20190520B and 20201124A. Various key parameters of their bursts are collected from the literature, which include the arrival time, pulse width, dispersion measure (DM), Faraday rotation measure (RM), bandwidth, waiting time, peak flux and fluence. The distribution and time evolution of these parameters are investigated. Potential correlations between various parameter pairs are also extensively explored. The behaviors of different repeaters are then compared. It is found that the DM of FRB 20121102A seems to increase continuously on a long timescale. While the DM of most repeaters varies in a narrow range of $\pm 3$ cm$^{-3}$ pc, FRB 20190520B is found to have a large variation range of $\pm 12$ cm$^{-3}$ pc. RM evolves with time in a much more chaos behavior in different repeaters. A linear correlation is found between the absolute mean RM and $\rm {DM}_{Host}$, which may provide a method to estimate the redshift of FRBs. Generally, the waiting time shows a similar bimodal distribution for the active repeating sources. The implications of these features to the underlying physics are discussed.
description: 52 pages, 52 figures, 8 tables; revised following the referee's suggestions, main conclusions unchanged
Introduction to quantum turbulence
Creators: name: Barenghi, Carlo F.
name: Skrbek, Ladislav
name: Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The term quantum turbulence denotes the turbulent motion of quantum fluids, systems such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates which are characterized by quantized vorticity, uperfluidity and, at finite temperatures, two-fluid behavior. This article introduces their basic properties, describes types and regimes of turbulence which have been observed, and highlights similarities and differences between quantum turbulence and classical turbulence in ordinary fluids. Our aim is also to link together the articles of this special issue, and to provide a perspective of the future development of a subject which contains aspects of fluid mechanics, atomic physics, condensed matter and low temperature physics.
description: 6 pages
The two sides of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: a socio-semantic analysis
Creators: name: Menezes, Telmo
name: Pottier, Antonin
name: Roth, Camille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.4; I.2.7
subject: 91C99

description: Since the 1990s, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis posits an inverted U-shaped relationship between pollutants and economic development. The hypothesis has attracted a lot of research. We provide here a review of more than 2000 articles that have been published on the EKC. We aim at mapping the development of this specialized research, both in term of actors and of content, and to trace the transformation it has undergone from its beginning to the present. To that end, we combine traditional bibliometric analysis and semantic analysis with a novel method, that enables us to recover the type of pollutants that are studied and the empirical claims made on EKC (whether the hypothesis is invalidated or not). We principally exhibit the existence of a few epistemic communities that are related to distinct time periods, topics and, to some extent, proportion of positive results on EKC.
Court access for people with aphasia (Sherratt, 2022)
Creators: name: Sherratt, Sue
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: Legal ethics
Law and society and socio-legal research
Neurology and neuromuscular diseases
Speech pathology

description: Purpose: Communicative access to participate in daily life is of paramount importance to individuals with communication disorders such as aphasia. Access to the courts may present additional hurdles due to inaccessible legal information and resources, lack of awareness of legal issues, high costs, and the communication disabilities involved in testifying and giving evidence. To address these challenges, this study aims to determine the issues faced by people with aphasia (PWA) accessing the court system in the United States as victims, plaintiffs, or defendants. Method: Using the LexisNexis and Google Scholar case law databases, a systematic review of all U.S. court cases (1915–2021) documenting aphasia/dysphasia revealed 1,926 case reports. After elimination for exclusion criteria, 389 were analyzed using data software to identify types of cases, description and assessment of aphasia, health professionals, and accommodations provided. To facilitate access to this large amount of data, quantitative descriptive statistics are provided and exemplified with quotes. Results: Analysis revealed the continued confusion and inaccuracy surrounding the terms “aphasia/dysphasia,” the lack of knowledge about these deficits both generally and within the justice system, and the absence of involvement of speech-language pathologists. Assessments of PWA were usually conducted by psychologists or medical professionals, and accommodations to allow greater participation for PWA were rarely permitted. Conclusions: PWA are at continued risk of being unable to access and participate in the justice system. The speech-language pathology scope of practice means that we have no choice but to raise awareness of access to court for PWA and to advocate for the role of speech-language pathologists within the health and legal professions in assessing, supporting, and developing strategies to facilitate PWA to be more equitable members of society and equal participants in the justice system. Three practical strategies to facilitate their more equitable participation in the court system are detailed. Supplemental Material S1. Case law references. Sherratt, S. (2022). Court access for people with aphasia: A review of case law from 1915 to 2021. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_PERSP-21-00294
Comparing the solubility products of layered Me(II)-Al(III)-hydroxides based on sorption studies with Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Fe(II), and Mn(II)
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Lasita
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2017

description: The sorption of divalent metals onto Al-oxide sorbents may lead to the formation of mixed metal-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Me(II)-Al(III)-LDH) phases. The formation of these secondary phases may represents a significant pathway of sequestration of various divalent metals, including Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Mn(II), in aqueous geochemical environments such as soils and sediments. Despite of their importance in metal sequestration there is not enough thermodynamic data available to model their behavior in geochemical environment. Thus this study was designed to estimate the solubility product values of Me(II)-Al(III)-LDH precipitates formed by Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Mn(II) during sorption onto Al-oxide at near neutral and alkaline pH value in NaCl electrolyte. Detailed kinetic studies were conducted to monitor the sorption of these divalent metals ¬¬onto γ-Al2O3. Equilibrium aqueous metal concentrations were used to calculate the solubility products (Ksp) of the Me(II)-Al(III)-LDH phases for the aqueous chemical equilibrium described by: Me(II)2/3Al(III)1/3(OH)2Cl1/3(s) ↔ 2/3 Me(II)(aq) + 1/3 Al(III) (aq) + 2OH- (aq) +1/3 Cl- (aq) The Ksp values of the five metals span three orders of magnitude, indicating substantial differences in the favorability of Me(II)-Al(III)-LDH precipitation, which increases in the order Mn(II)
Magnetically responsive dynamic nanostructures
Creators: name: Luo, Zhiren
name: 0000-0001-6247-0196
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: Magnetically responsive
Dynamic nanostructures
Nanoscale objects
Nanoscale pillars
Particle manipulation
Actuation performance
Magnetic nanopillars
Nanoparticles
Dynamic iridescence
Magnetic actuation mechanisms

description: Inspired by natural nanostructures, magnetically responsive micro/nanoscale pillars have attracted significant research interest recently due to their dynamic properties. To overcome current fabrication challenges for better manipulation of micro/nanoscale objects and systems, and active tuning of visible light, I demonstrate active periodic nanostructures with high aspect ratio and pillar density. Having structure period of 2 μm, diameter of 600 nm, and high aspect ratio of up to 11, this structure can be magnetically actuated to form multiple movement modes with displacement of 200 nm and bending angle of 1.6°. This work can find potential applications in particle manipulation. Secondly, I demonstrate a new type of magnetically responsive nanostructure consisting of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanopillar array with deposited nickel caps, that has successfully decoupled the mechanical compliance and magnetic susceptibility to enhance the actuation performance. The actuation results of nanopillars with 540 nm period and 1.3 μm height have been analyzed using image processing, leading to a displacement around 180 nm with a bending angle of up to 7.9°. Thirdly, I demonstrate a mechanism to achieve magnetically responsive dynamic iridescence, which is based on the tilting of periodic photonic nanostructures with large tilting angle of up to 30°. In this method, a periodic array of magnetic nanopillars serves as a template to guide the assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles when magnetized in a liquid environment. The local field gradient induced by the magnetic template anchors the assembled particle columns, allowing the structure to tilt about the base when the applied field direction is changed. This effect emulates a microscopic “Venetian blind” and results in dynamic iridescence that is tunable in real time. The reflectance spectra demonstrate the peak wavelength can shift from 528 nm to 720 nm. The magnetic actuation mechanism is reversible and has a fast response time around 0.3 s. This structure can be implemented on an arbitrary surface as dynamic camouflage, iridescent display, and tunable photonic elements, as well as in other applications such as active fluidic devices and particle manipulation
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Automated Knee Osteoarthritis Phenotype Classification
Creators: name: Zhong, Junru
name: Yao, Yongcheng
name: Cahill, Donal G.
name: Xiao, Fan
name: Li, Siyue
name: Lee, Jack
name: Ho, Kevin Ki-Wai
name: Ong, Michael Tim-Yun
name: Griffith, James F.
name: Chen, Weitian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the utility of unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) in automated knee osteoarthritis (OA) phenotype classification using a small dataset (n=50). Materials and Methods: For this retrospective study, we collected 3,166 three-dimensional (3D) double-echo steady-state magnetic resonance (MR) images from the Osteoarthritis Initiative dataset and 50 3D turbo/fast spin-echo MR images from our institute (in 2020 and 2021) as the source and target datasets, respectively. For each patient, the degree of knee OA was initially graded according to the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) before being converted to binary OA phenotype labels. The proposed UDA pipeline included (a) pre-processing, which involved automatic segmentation and region-of-interest cropping; (b) source classifier training, which involved pre-training phenotype classifiers on the source dataset; (c) target encoder adaptation, which involved unsupervised adaption of the source encoder to the target encoder and (d) target classifier validation, which involved statistical analysis of the target classification performance evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Additionally, a classifier was trained without UDA for comparison. Results: The target classifier trained with UDA achieved improved AUROC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for both knee OA phenotypes compared with the classifier trained without UDA. Conclusion: The proposed UDA approach improves the performance of automated knee OA phenotype classification for small target datasets by utilising a large, high-quality source dataset for training. The results successfully demonstrated the advantages of the UDA approach in classification on small datasets.
description: Junru Zhong and Yongcheng Yao share the same contribution. 17 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Forking and dividing in Henson graphs
Creators: name: Conant, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For $n\geq 3$, define $T_n$ to be the theory of the generic $K_n$-free graph, where $K_n$ is the complete graph on $n$ vertices. We prove a graph theoretic characterization of dividing in $T_n$, and use it to show that forking and dividing are the same for complete types. We then give an example of a forking and nondividing formula. Altogether, $T_n$ provides a counterexample to a recent question of Chernikov and Kaplan.
description: 11 pages
title: Microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg lattice structures from single contour exposure
Creators: name: Sos, Marcel
name: Meyer, Guillaume
name: Durst, Karsten
name: Mittelstedt, Christian
name: Bruder, Enrico
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description: Metal-based additive manufacturing techniques offer the ability to produce complex, near net shape parts that would be impossible or prohibitively expensive to manufacture via traditional casting and machining methods. Low density lattice structures for lightweight construction are one such example. However, there currently are no well-developed guidelines for designing and reliably manufacturing these structures. Literature on the topic is fragmented and usually only covers a limited aspect of the complex relations between process parameters, microstructure, lattice geometry and mechanical properties. This work covers the edge case of small diameter struts manufactured from AlSi10Mg via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) using the single contour exposure strategy, which is necessary to ensure sufficient geometric accuracy. Various cubic strut-based lattice geometries are manufactured using four laser parameter combinations corresponding to different area energy densities and beam offsets. The influence of process parameters and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties is investigated. Results show that the microstructure of filigree lattice struts can be tailored by the selection of process parameters, resulting in either uniform or core–shell structures depending on the laser power, while the macroscopic mechanical properties are mainly determined by the lattice geometry and relative density.
How Many Beamforming Vectors Generate the Same Beampattern?
Creators: name: Khabbazibasmenj, Arash
name: Hassanien, Aboulnasr
name: Vorobyov, Sergiy A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this letter, we address the fundamental question of how many beamforming vectors exist which generate the same beampattern? The question is relevant to many fields such as, for example, array processing, radar, wireless communications, data compression, dimensionality reduction, and biomedical engineering. The desired property of having the same beampattern for different columns of a beamspace transformation matrix (beamforming vectors) often plays a key importance in practical applications. The result is that at most 2^{M-1}-1 beamforming vectors with the same beampattern can be generated from any given beamforming vector. Here M is the dimension of the beamforming vector. At the constructive side, the answer to this question allows for computationally efficient techniques for the beamspace transformation design. Indeed, one can start with a single beamforming vector, which gives a desired beampattern, and generate a number of other beamforming vectors, which give absolutely the same beampattern, in a computationally efficient way. We call the initial beamforming vector as the mother beamforming vector. One possible procedure for generating all possible new beamforming vectors with the same beampattern from the mother beamforming vector is proposed. The application of the proposed analysis to the transmit beamspace design in multiple-input multiple-output radar is also given.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, Submitted to the IEEE Signal Processing Letters in February 2014
Characterization of summertime aerosols at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic
Creators: name: Zhan, Jianqiong
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: Characteristics of atmospheric aerosols have implications for aerosol radiative forcing, aerosol-cloud interactions, heterogeneous chemistry, and climate. To characterize summertime aerosols in the Arctic, aerosol samples were collected at Ny-Ålesund in July of 2011 and 2012. The specific objectives were: (1) to determine aerosol compositions, (2) to investigate the sources and deposition of selected aerosol components, (3) to identify the effects of ship emissions on aerosol concentrations, and (4) to investigate the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs), aerosol acidity and chloride (Cl−) depletion. The results showed that the mean equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentration was 17 ng m-3 at the Ny-Ålesund settlement, higher than the mean value of 5.4 ng m-3 observed outside the Ny-Ålesund settlement in July 2011. The average local emission rate of EBC was 8.1 g h-1, with an uncertainty of approximately a factor of two. The EBC plumes from local emissions were confined to 10 km downwind, with the total EBC deposition estimated to be 6.4–44 ng m-2 h-1. When two cruise ships with more than 1500 passengers visited Ny-Ålesund in July 2012, the concentrations of the nc-V, nc-Ni and nss-SO42− were 0.976 ng m−3, 0.572 ng m−3 and 203 ng m−3, which were 38-fold, 8-fold and 2-fold higher than their median values of the sampling period. In July 2012, the mean SIAs concentration, defined as the sum of nss-SO42−, NO3− and NH4+, was 158 ng m−3, accounted for 33% of the total mass of ionic species. The mean neutralization ratio (NR) was 0.53, indicating that SO42− and NO3− was not fully neutralized by NH4+. The Cl− depletion occurred in samples that had high concentrations of [nss-SO42− + NO3− − NH4+] and sea salt, indicating that the Cl− depletion could be affected by interactions of acidic species (SO42−, NO3−) with sea salt. Results from this study fill the data gap of the chemical properties of summertime aerosols and the effects of local emissions on air quality at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic. These results may serve for future research that seeks to assess aerosol radiative forcing and for developing emission reduction strategies in the Arctic.
Non-invasive monitoring of microbial induced oil degradation in beach sediment under high conductivity conditions using the spectral induced polarization method
Creators: name: Kimak, Christine M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: Massive oil spills, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, have prompted increased research and attention on the techniques available to monitor oil spills, including degradation processes, and have highlighted the limitations of existing monitoring methods. Previous research has shown the spectral induced polarization method (SIP) to be sensitive to the biogeochemical changes that occur as a result of microbial oil degradation; however, there is no research on the applicability of the SIP method under high conductivity conditions typical of coastal environments. The purpose of this study is to monitor natural attenuation of microbial oil degradation in brackish coastal sediment. Natural attenuation is of primary importance since in many instances, such as for remote and inaccessible areas, it is the only option available for remediation. This research is based on the hypothesis that biogeochemical changes due to microbially-induced processes can generate detectable SIP signals, even under high conductivity environments. Five different treatments of heavy oil contaminated sediment were run for 143 days. Results indicated that geophysical signals were more pronounced in the columns with conductivities close to the actual field conditions from where the sediments were collected. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analysis showed decreased peaks in the chromatograms of active columns compared to control columns, as well as the appearance of metabolites, indicating degradation of the substrate (contaminant oil). The results show that SIP is sensitive to the biogeochemical changes occurring as a result of microbial oil degradation even under high conductivity conditions, indicating that it could be a useful tool to non-invasively monitor natural attenuation within brackish environments.
Impact of stuttering as a function of sex and age (Samson et al., 2022)
Creators: name: Samson, Ineke
name: Schalling, Ellika
name: Herlitz, Agneta
name: Lindström, Elisabeth
name: Sand, Anders
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: Speech production
Speech pathology
Social psychology

description: Purpose: We aimed to cross-sectionally describe the impact of stuttering on persons who stutter (PWS): children, adolescents, and young adults. Based on previous research on PWS and psychosocial health in the general population, we hypothesized that (a) the adverse impact of stuttering in PWS would be larger among adolescents than children and young adults and that (b) females, especially adolescent females, would report being more adversely impacted by their stuttering than males. Method: We pooled samples of Swedish PWS, obtaining 162 individuals (75 females and 87 males), aged 7–30 years. We measured the impact of stuttering using age-relevant versions of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering (OASES). The relationship between OASES score, age, and sex was described using a polynomial model with an interaction term between age and sex to allow for potential differences between females and males’ age-related curves. Results: The average trends were that (a) the impact of stuttering was greater for the adolescents than for the children and young adults, and (b) females, especially adolescent females, were on average more impacted by their stuttering than males. Taking self-reported speech fluency into account did not change this pattern. Conclusions: In line with findings on psychosocial health, communication attitude, and self-esteem in the general population, the impact of stuttering seems to be particularly adverse among adolescents, especially female adolescents. Thus, clinicians need to be aware of the risk that young girls who stutter may develop a negative attitude to speech and communication, and this should also be communicated to caregivers and teachers. Supplemental Material S1. Specifications, comparisons, and diagnostics for the regression models used. Samson, I., Schalling, E., Herlitz, A., Lindström, E., & Sand, A. (2022). A cross-sectional investigation of the impact of stuttering on Swedish females and males in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00043
Presentation: Implementation Of Mechatronic Science In Identifying Body Temperature To Reduce The Spread Of COVID-19
Creators: name: Izza Anshory
name: Dwi Hadidjaja
name: Indah Sulistyowati
name: Septyan Rivan
name: PNH, Yusuf Galang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This material presented in 2nd ICESE 2020
Nonlinear pi phase shift for single fiber-guided photons interacting with a single atom
Creators: name: Volz, Jürgen
name: Scheucher, Michael
name: Junge, Christian
name: Rauschenbeutel, Arno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realizing a strong interaction between individual optical photons is an important objective of research in quantum science and technology. Since photons do not interact directly, this goal requires, e.g., an optical medium in which the light experiences a phase shift that depends nonlinearly on the photon number. Once the additional phase shift for two photons reaches pi, such an ultra-strong nonlinearity could even enable the direct implementation of high-fidelity quantum logic operations. However, the nonlinear response of standard optical media is many orders of magnitude too weak for this task. Here, we demonstrate the realization of an optical fiber-based nonlinearity that leads to an additional two-photon phase shift close to the ideal value of pi. Our scheme employs a whispering-gallery-mode resonator, interfaced by an optical nanofiber, where the presence of a single rubidium atom in the resonator results in a strongly nonlinear response. We experimentally show that this results in entanglement of initially independent incident photons. The demonstration of this ultra-strong nonlinearity in a fiber-integrated system is a decisive step towards scalable quantum logics with optical photons.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Influence of cumulative damage on synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators on networks
Creators: name: Hernández, Leidy Katherin Eraso
name: Riascos, Alejandro P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the synchronization of identical Kuramoto phase oscillators under cumulative stochastic damage to the edges of networks. We analyze the capacity of coupled oscillators to reach a coherent state from initial random phases. The process of synchronization is a global function performed by a system that gradually changes when the damage weakens individual connections of the network. We explore diverse structures characterized by different topologies. Among these are deterministic networks as a wheel or the lattice formed by the movements of the knight on a chess board, and random networks generated with the Erdős-Rényi and Barabási-Albert algorithms. In addition, we study the synchronization times of 109 non-isomorphic graphs with six nodes. The synchronization times and other introduced quantities are sensitive to the impact of damage, allowing us to measure the reduction of the capacity of synchronization and classify the effect of damage in the systems under study. This approach is general and paves the way for the exploration of the effect of damage accumulation in diverse dynamical processes in complex systems.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures