Apogonalia Stali (Signoret 1855
Creators: name: Felix, Márcio
name: Mejdalani, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Apogonalia

description: Key to males and females of Apogonalia
1. Crown rounded anteriorly; eyes globular and swollen in dorsal view; pronotum with pair of anterolateral dark brown maculae posterior to eyes. ... insular species........................................................... 2 (Figs 1, 40, 41)
- Crown generally triangular anteriorly; eyes elliptical and not swollen in dorsal view; pronotum without such pair of maculae. ... mainland species................................................................... 10 (Figs 6, 23, 29, 30)
2. Crown with two pairs of large black marks on anterior margin; disc generally with pair of large black marks between ocelli and without longitudinal dark brown stripes........................................................ 3 (Figs 1, 51, 61)
- Crown without such marks on anterior margin; disc with two pairs of narrow stripes (Figs 40, 41) or with pair of broad stripes (Fig. 85), longitudinal and dark brown..................................................................... 7
3. Pronotum with four anterior dark marks and two posterior ones on mediolateral portions (Fig. 51); forewing with outer anteapical cell short (Metcalf & Bruner 1936, fig. 50); median portion of corium with diagonal dark stripe extending from costal margin to inner discal cell (Fig. 52); aedeagal shaft with long, spiniform dorsoapical process.............................................................................................. A. interrupta (Dominican Republic, Haiti)
- Pronotum with two pairs of narrow longitudinal dark stripes on mediolateral portions (Figs 68, 78); forewing with outer anteapical cell long (Young 1977, fig. 753q); median portion of corium without diagonal stripe; aedeagal shaft without dorsoapical process.............................................................................................. 4
4. Crown with pair of black maculae between ocelli (Figs 1, 61, 78); frons with pair of elongate V- or Y-shaped dark marks on mediolateral portions; clypeus with longitudinal dark stripe medially; aedeagal shaft with pair of basiventral (Freytag 2004, figs 5, 9) or ventroapical (Young 1977, fig. 747f) acute processes; female sternite VII with pair of variable dark maculae on basilateral portions; posterior margin variably emarginated..................................................... 5
- Crown without pair of black maculae between ocelli (Fig. 68; Freytag 2004, fig. 11); frons without such pair of dark marks on mediolateral portions; clypeus with large dark mark dorsally; aedeagal shaft without pair of ventral processes (Freytag 2004, fig. 16); female sternite VII uniformly colored, without distinct dark maculae on basilateral portions; posterior margin with short spine................................................................... A. noda (Dominican Republic)
5. Forewing with costal area at least anteriorly yellow or yellowish (Fig. 79); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular (Figs 4, 82)........................................................................................... 6
- Forewing with costal area not yellow or yellowish anteriorly; female pygofer with posterior margin narrowly convex..................................................................................... A. loxa (Dominican Republic)
6. Frons without elongate, inverted V- or Y-shaped dark mark medially; pronotum with pair of anterolateral dark maculae attaining anterior margin (Fig. 78); forewing with large, approximately elliptical black mark medially on outer discal cell (Fig. 79); aedeagal shaft with pair of ventroapical acute processes (Young 1977, fig. 747f); female sternite VIII with semilunar sclerite
broadly convex anteromedially, without produced lobe (Fig. 81).................. A. pinguis (Dominican Republic, Haiti) - Frons with such dark mark medially; pronotum with pair of anterolateral dark maculae not attaining anterior margin (Fig. 1); forewing without such black mark medially on outer discal cell; aedeagal shaft with pair of basiventral acute processes (Freytag 2004, fig. 5); female sternite VIII with semilunar sclerite produced anteromedially into narrowly convex lobe (Fig. 3)...................................................................... A. angusta (Dominican Republic, Haiti)
7. Forewing with large whitish mark bordered by brown medially on corium (Fig. 48); male pygofer with posteroventral margin strongly concave (Young 1977, fig. 745c); aedeagal shaft entirely curved dorsally, without processes (Young 1977, fig. 745f); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular................................................ A. imitatrix (Cuba)
- Forewing without such mark on corium; male pygofer with posteroventral margin convex (Young 1977, figs 746c, 758c, 759c); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear, with variable process on ventral margin (Young 1977, figs 746f, 758p, 759f); female pygofer generally with posterior margin narrowly convex (Fig. 45)......................................... 8
8. Paraphyses with rami robust, strongly bifurcated apically (Young 1977, fig. 746h); aedeagal shaft with pair of ventral processes not transversely aligned in lateral view (Young 1977, fig. 746f); female sternite VII with posterior subrectangular emargination (Fig. 86); sternite VIII with small heart-shaped sclerite, dorsoventrally surrounded by pair of lateral smaller sclerites (Fig. 87)....................................................... A. sanguinipes (Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica)
- Paraphyses with rami moderately narrowed, not bifurcated apically (Young 1977, figs 758h, 759h); aedeagal shaft with pair of ventral processes transversely aligned in lateral view (Young 1977, figs 758p, 759f); female sternite VII medially concave posteriorly; sternite VIII with single trapezoid sclerite, more or less visible (Figs 44, 83)................................ 9
9. Frons with median, inverted V-shaped dark brown mark; paraphyses with basal sclerite asymmetrical (Young 1977, fig. 758h); aedeagal shaft without pair of triangular lateral basimedian processes (Young 1977, figs 758f, 759f); female pygofer with posterior margin triangular (Fig. 84); female sternite VII broadly convex posteriorly with shallow median concavity............................................................. A. robusta (Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico)
- Frons without such dark brown mark; paraphyses with basal sclerite symmetrical (Young 1977, fig. 759h); aedeagal shaft with pair of such processes (Young 1977, fig. 758p); female pygofer with posterior margin narrowly convex (Fig. 45); female sternite VII narrowly convex posteriorly with deep median concavity (Fig. 43).................................................................................. A. histrio (Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico)
10. Crown with two pairs of narrow, longitudinal dark brown stripes, posterior half without mosaic pattern; pronotum with two pairs of yellow or orange maculae bordered by black: one mediolateral pair and one lateral pair; mediolateral portions with two pairs of narrow, longitudinal dark brown stripes; forewing with large yellow or orange marks basally on corium..................................................................................................... 11 (Figs 6, 89)
- Crown without such dark brown stripes, posterior half generally with mosaic pattern; pronotum without such pairs of maculae or only with one pair on mediolateral or lateral portions; mediolateral portions without such dark brown stripes; forewing without such marks basally on corium....................................................... 14 (Figs 23, 29, 30, 57)
11. Frons with mosaic of brown areas on yellow background, without dark brown longitudinal stripes (Fig. 16); male pygofer with inner process on dorsoapical portion (Young 1977, fig. 750p); paraphyses lacking rami (Young 1977, fig. 750h); aedeagal shaft with long ventroapical process (Young 1977, fig. 750f); female sternite VII narrowly convex posteriorly with slight median emargination; sternite VIII with large, anteriorly curved sclerite and small posterior sclerite (Fig. 17)....................................................................................... A. dampfi (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico)
- Frons without mosaic but with variable dark brown longitudinal stripes (Fig. 7); male pygofer without inner process on dorsoapical portion (Young 1977, figs 744c, 753c, 756c); paraphyses with pair of elongate rami (Young 1977, figs 744h, 753h, 756h); aedeagal shaft without long ventroapical process (Young 1977, figs 744f, 753f, 756f); female sternite VII generally broadly convex posteriorly (Fig. 20), if it is narrowly convex, then median emargination is deeply concave (Fig. 8); sternite VIII with single large sclerite (Figs 9, 21, 91)............................................................... 12
12. Pronotum with yellow or orange anteromedian macula not enclosing brown marks (Fig. 89); male pygofer with minute, inconspicuous spine on inner ventroapical portion; aedeagal shaft with very short, median ventroapical lobe and without ventral paired processes (Young 1977, fig. 744f); female pygofer with small dorsoapical convex lobe............................................................ A. stali (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua)
- Pronotum without such anteromedian macula, if present, it has brown marks (Fig. 6); male pygofer with short and tapered spine on inner ventroapical portion (Young 1977, figs 753c, p, 756c, p); aedeagal shaft without median ventroapical lobe and with ventral paired processes (Young 1977, figs 753f, 756f); female pygofer narrowed apically, subtriangular (Fig. 10)..... 1 3
13. Crown with pair of diagonal dark brown arches on anteromedian portion (Young 1977, fig. 751a); frons without pair of elongate V- or Y-shaped mediolateral dark brown marks; mesosternum with lateral dark brown maculae; female sternite VII with posterior margin broadly convex (Fig. 20).................................................................................................... A. fractinota (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama)
- Crown without pair of such arches on anteromedian portion; frons with pair of such mediolateral dark brown marks (Fig. 7); mesosternum without lateral dark brown maculae; female sternite VII with posterior margin narrowly convex (Fig. 8)...................................................................... A. blanchardi (Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua)
14. Crown, pronotum and mesonotum entirely black or with few small white maculae (Fig. 75); forewing uniformly red with apical portion blackened (Fig. 75)......................................................... A. pennata (Costa Rica)
- Crown, pronotum and mesonotum with numerous yellow and dark brown maculae and stripes, generally in mosaic color pattern (Figs 23, 29, 30, 57); forewing not uniformly red, with variable maculae and stripes (Figs 24, 29, 30, 57, 62)........ 15
15. Pronotum with pair of yellow or fulvous maculae on mediolateral portions (Fig. 69); forewing short and broad (Figs 69, 70); median portion of corium with irregular whitish maculae, bordered by brown or black (Figs 69, 70); female pygofer with posterior margin broadly convex (Fig. 72).................................................................... 16
- Pronotum generally without pair of such maculae on mediolateral portions; forewing generally long and narrow (Figs 23, 24, 29, 30); median portion of corium without such maculae; female pygofer with posterior margin generally triangular (Figs 36, 65) or narrowly convex................................................................................ 17
16. Male pygofer with inner spiniform process on dorsoapical margin and inner long and broad process on ventromedian portion (Young 1977, fig. 757p), without ventroapical process; paraphyses symmetrical, with V-shaped basal sclerite and pair of minute (vestigial) rami (Young 1977, fig. 757h); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear with pair of robust ventromedian hookshaped processes (Young 1977, fig. 757f); female pygofer with ventral margin extensively rectilinear (Fig. 72); valvula II of ovipositor with apex convex (Fig. 74).......................................................... A. omani (USA)
- Male pygofer without dorsoapical and ventromedian processes, with inner short spiniform process on ventroapical portion; paraphyses asymmetrical, with Y-shaped basal sclerite and at least one long and moderately broad ramus (Young 1977, fig. 760h); aedeagal shaft with apex curved dorsally and with pair of long ventromedian spiniform processes (Young 1977, fig. 760f); female pygofer with ventral margin broadly convex (Figs 36, 37, 65); valvula II of ovipositor with apex subacute (Fig. 28)............................................................................ A. monticola (Mexico, USA)
17. Pronotum with lateral margins approximately parallel (Figs 23, 57, 62); forewing with broad and conspicuous dark brown stripe on claval sulcus, bordered internally and externally by continuous white stripes (Figs 23, 24, 57, 62); costal area with two longitudinal adjacent stripes, an white one (innermost) and a black one (outermost) (Fig. 24)...................... 18
- Pronotum with lateral margins anteriorly convergent (Figs 29, 30, 92); forewing without such stripe on claval sulcus or, if present, not bordered by continuous white stripes (Figs 92, 93); costal area without adjacent white and black stripes.......... 20
18. Pronotum entirely black with mosaic of small yellow areas (Young 1977, fig. 749a); male pygofer with posterior margin truncate (Young 1977, fig. 749c) and long paired process on inner ventroapical portion (Young 1977, fig. 749p); paraphyses with basal sclerite symmetrical and rami minute (vestigial) (Young 1977, fig. 749q); female sternite VIII with large, dorsal elliptical sclerite superposed to a ventral one, strongly constricted medially (Fig. 58)..... A. krameri (El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico)
- Pronotum with continuous median stripe and pair of lateral arches, yellow or fulvous (Figs 23, 62); male pygofer with posterior margin concave (Young 1977, figs 751c, 752c) and long unpaired process on inner ventroapical portion (Young 1977, figs 751p, 752p); paraphyses with basal sclerite asymmetrical and rami long (conspicuous) (Young 1977, figs 751h, 752h); female sternite VIII only with a broad sclerite (Figs 26, 64).......................................................... 19
19. Frons with mosaic of rounded yellow maculae and dorsal, narrow transverse yellow stripe (Fig. 63); mediolateral portions without pair of elongate Y-shaped dark brown marks; forewing short and broad (Fig. 62); male pygofer with long and broad process on posterodorsal margin (Young 1977, figs 751c, p); aedeagal shaft curved ventrally on apical half, with pair of hookshaped ventral processes (Young 1977, fig. 751f); female sternite VIII with broad, bilobate sclerite, deeply notched anteromedially (Fig. 64)............................................................... A. mediolineata (Mexico, USA)
- Frons without such mosaic and such stripe; mediolateral portions with pair of elongate Y-shaped dark brown marks; forewing long and narrow (Figs 23, 24); male pygofer without process on posterodorsal margin (Young 1977, figs 752c, p); aedeagal shaft approximately rectilinear, with long unpaired ventral process (Young 1977, fig. 752f); female sternite VIII with broad, anteriorly concave sclerite, depressed on median line (Fig. 26).................................. A. fraterna (Mexico)
20. Mesoscutum with pair of broad, mediolateral dark brown stripes (Fig. 92); male pygofer with long inner ventroapical process, extending medially and crossing median line (Young 1977, fig. 761p); subgenital plates extending posteriorly to pygofer apex (Young 1977, fig. 761c); aedeagal shaft with ventral process unpaired and with apical third bifurcated (Young 1977, fig. 761f); female sternite VIII with pair of broad produced lateral lobes (Fig. 96)................. A. woodruffi (Guatemala, Mexico)
- Mesoscutum without pair of such stripes (Figs 29, 30; Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 1); male pygofer without processes or only with spiniform ventroapical process dorsomedially curved, not attaining median line (Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 5); subgenital plate not attaining pygofer apex (Young 1977, fig. 754c; Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 4); aedeagal shaft with variable paired ventral processes (Young 1977, figs 754f, s–u; Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 8); female sternite VIII without produced lateral lobes (Figs 34, 35)............................................................................... 21
21. Clypeus with median, broad brown stripe (Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 2); male pygofer with spiniform ventroapical process dorsomedially curved, not attaining median line (Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 5); aedeagal shaft with pair of short, triangular lateral processes and pair of long, approximately symmetrical ventral processes (Felix & Mejdalani 2006, fig. 8)............................................................................................... A. nielsoni (Mexico)
- Clypeus with irregular brown marks (Fig. 31); male pygofer without processes; aedeagal shaft without lateral processes and with pair of hook-shaped to falciform, strongly asymmetrical ventral processes (Young 1977, figs 754f, s–u)................................................................................................... A. germana (Mexico)
description: Published as part of Felix, Márcio & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2017, The sharpshooter geNUs Apogonalia EvaNs (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: CicadelliNi): descriptioN of females aNd key to species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4338 (1) on pages 121-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1035586