cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wavefronts and modal structure of long surface and internal ring waves on a parallel shear current
Creators: name: Hooper, Curtis
name: Khusnutdinova, Karima
name: Grimshaw, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study long surface and internal ring waves propagating in a stratified fluid over a parallel shear flow. The far-field modal and amplitude equations for the ring waves are presented in dimensional form. We re-derive them from the formulation for plane waves tangent to the ring wave, which opens a way to obtaining important characteristics of the ring waves (e.g. group speed) and to constructing more general `hybrid solutions' consisting of a part of a ring wave and two tangent plane waves. The modal equations constitute a new spectral problem, and are analysed for a number of examples of surface ring waves in a homogeneous fluid and internal ring waves in a stratified fluid. The detailed analysis is developed for the case of a two-layered fluid with a linear shear current where we study their wavefronts and two-dimensional modal structure. Comparisons are made between the modal functions of the surface waves in a homogeneous and two-layered fluids, as well as the interfacial waves described exactly and in the rigid-lid approximation. We also analyse the wavefronts of surface and interfacial waves for a family of power-law upper-layer currents, which can be used to model wind generated currents, river inflows and exchange flows in straits. A global and local measure of the deformation of wavefronts are introduced and evaluated.
description: 35 pages, 21 figures
Pairing state in multicomponent superconductors
Creators: name: Kuznetsova, V
name: Barzykin, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the microscopic weak coupling theory to predict the pairing state in superconductors of cubic, hexagonal, or tetragonal symmetry, where the order parameter is multicomponent, i.e., transforms according to either a 2-dimensional or a 3-dimensional representation of the crystal point group. We show that the superconducting phase usually breaks the time-reversal symmetry for singlet multicomponent superconductors. The superconducting order parameter for triplet superconductors in most cases turns out to be non-magnetic.
description: 7 pages
Exponential Error Suppression for Near-Term Quantum Devices
Creators: name: Koczor, Bálint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As quantum computers mature, quantum error correcting codes (QECs) will be adopted in order to suppress errors to any desired level $E$ at a cost in qubit-count $n$ that is merely poly-logarithmic in $1/E$. However in the NISQ era, the complexity and scale required to adopt even the smallest QEC is prohibitive. Instead, error mitigation techniques have been employed; typically these do not require an increase in qubit-count but cannot provide exponential error suppression. Here we show that, for the crucial case of estimating expectation values of observables (key to almost all NISQ algorithms) one can indeed achieve an effective exponential suppression. We introduce the Error Suppression by Derangement (ESD) approach: by increasing the qubit count by a factor of $n\geq 2$, the error is suppressed exponentially as $Q^n$ where $Q<1$ is a suppression factor that depends on the entropy of the errors. The ESD approach takes $n$ independently-prepared circuit outputs and applies a controlled derangement operator to create a state whose symmetries prevent erroneous states from contributing to expected values. The approach is therefore `NISQ-friendly' as it is modular in the main computation and requires only a shallow circuit that bridges the $n$ copies immediately prior to measurement. Imperfections in our derangement circuit do degrade performance and therefore we propose an approach to mitigate this effect to arbitrary precision due to the remarkable properties of derangements. a) they decompose into a linear number of elementary gates -- limiting the impact of noise b) they are highly resilient to noise and the effect of imperfections on them is (almost) trivial. In numerical simulations validating our approach we confirm error suppression below $10^{-6}$ for circuits consisting of several hundred noisy gates (two-qubit gate error $0.5\%$) using no more than $n=4$ circuit copies.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures
Estimating Atrazine Leaching in the Midwest
Creators: name: Burkart, Michael R.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Moorman, Thomas B.
name: Singh, Piyush
name: Burkart, Michael R.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Moorman, Thomas B.
name: Singh, Piyush
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Data from seven Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) were used to test the sensitivity of a leaching model, PRZM-2, to a variety of hydrologic settings common in the Midwest. Results of long-term simulations using regional and generalized input parameters produced ranks of leaching potential similar to those based on measurements. Atrazine leaching was simulated because the use of atrazine was prevalent in the MSEA studies and it frequently occurs in the region's groundwater. Short-term simulations used sit-specific soil and chemical coefficients. Generalized simulations used data available from regional soil databases and standardized coefficients. Accurate short-term simulations were precluded by lack of antecedent atrazine concentrations in the soil profile and water, raising questions about simulations using data for less than five years. The ranks of simulated atrazine detections among the study sites were similar to the ranks of observed atrazine detection frequencies. Generalized simulations underestimated the occurrence of atrazine for the three sites where very small concentrations were observed. Simulations overestimated concentrations for the four sites where very small concentrations were observed. Simulations overestimated concentrations for the four sites with the greatest frequencies of atrazine detection. Simulations with generalized soils data produced concentrations that compared more favorably with observed detection frequencies than did simulations with site-specific soils data. This is encouraging for regional modeling efforts because soil parameters are among the most critical for operating PRZM-2 and many other leaching models.
Lithography reticle scheduling in semiconductor manufacturing
Creators: name: Lee, Chia-Yen
name: Wu, Cheng-Man
name: Hsu, Chia-Yi
name: Xie, Hui-Hua
name: Fang, Yu-Hsueh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The lithography process in semiconductor dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) fabrication plants (fabs) is usually a major bottleneck, and reticle scheduling is complicated by process-speciﬁc constraints such as diversity of the product mix and rapidly changing deadlines. This study proposes a three-phase scheduling framework to solve the multi-objective reticle scheduling problem, reducing capacity loss, maintaining line balance and meeting customer demand. The genetic algorithm (GA) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) are used to optimize the scheduling with a trade-off among the multiple objectives. This study tests the proposed framework based on a real semiconductor DRAM (fab) in Taiwan, which has two unrelated parallel machines in its lithography process. The study finds that the proposed framework results in better scheduling reports, reduced computation times and improvements in the overall performance of lithography equipment.
AN EVALUATION OF THE USDA FOOD SECURITY MEASURE WITH GENERALIZED LINEAR MIXED MODELS
Creators: name: Opsomer, Jean D.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Pan, Suwen
name: Opsomer, Jean D.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Pan, Suwen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food insecurity
subject: household hunger
subject: Rasch model

description: Over the last decade, new information has been developed and collected to measure the extent of food insecurity and hunger in the United States. Common measurement of the phenomenon of hunger and food insecurity has become possible through efforts of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to develop a set of survey questions that can be used to obtain estimates of the prevalence and severity of food insecurity. This paper takes a closer look at the measurement of food insecurity and the effect of household variables on measured food insecurity. The effects of demographic and survey-specific variables on the food insecurity/hunger scale are evaluated using a generalized linear model with mixed effects. Data come from the 1995, 1997, and 1999 Food Security Module of the Current Population Survey. The results generally validate the model currently used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. In addition, our approach makes it possible to consider the effect of demographics and several survey design variables on food security among measurably food-insecure households. The analysis of the expanded model with the 1995 data finds results similar to those reported based on the Rasch model used by the USDA. Even though the sample size was reduced and a number of screening and questionnaire changes were introduced in 1997 and 1999, the results for those years appear mostly unchanged and confirm the robustness of the scale in measuring food insecurity. There is some evidence that interpretation of questions may vary among different demographic groups.
Investigating Faculty Development for Competence by Design
Creators: name: Chin, Thomas
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Competence by Design
residency training
competency-based medical education
faculty development
qualitative

description: The launch of Competence by Design (CBD) in 2017 by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) ushered in a new era of residency education in Canada. For CBD to succeed, faculty responsible for training residents must undergo faculty development to attain the relevant knowledge and skills required to fulfil their new duties. This thesis examines the faculty development resources available to faculty, and the approaches taken by program directors to facilitate faculty development. This research was guided by two research questions: (1) What faculty development resources (e.g., online modules, websites, slide decks) are currently available for faculty members in CBD programs across Canada? (2) How do program directors facilitate faculty development within their specific program? Phase 1 of this study involved a document review of all English-speaking medical schools in Canada with a post graduate CBD program. In phase 2, semi-structured interviews were conducted with program directors from the emergency medicine and psychiatry specialties. The document review found that Canadian universities hosted a range of informative websites, documents, newsletters, live sessions, and online modules to support faculty development efforts on a range of topics. During the interview phase, program directors identified live faculty development sessions, both in-person and online, were the most effective. They also expanded on their experience in the transition to CBD, some noting that their previous assessment models shared similarities with CBD, lessening the burden on faculty to change their teaching practice. Many expressed concerns over resource and time constraints on faculty development and the implementation of CBD as a whole.
Quasi-exact solvability of Dirac equation with Lorentz scalar potential
Creators: name: Ho, Choon-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider exact/quasi-exact solvability of Dirac equation with a Lorentz scalar potential based on factorizability of the equation. Exactly solvable and $sl(2)$-based quasi-exactly solvable potentials are discussed separately in Cartesian coordinates for a pure Lorentz potential depending only on one spatial dimension, and in spherical coordinates in the presence of a Dirac monopole.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Institutional Impact of GATT: An Examination of Market Integration and Efficiency in the World Beef and Wheat Market under the GATT Regime
Creators: name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: market integration
subject: market efficiency
subject: cointegration
subject: vector autoregression
subject: GATT
subject: beef and wheat markets

description: Studies on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) are abundant in the literature. But most researchers have examined GATT's impact on economic activities with scant or no attention given to its impact on institutions such as market integration and efficiency. To the latter issues, this paper is addressed. Even prior to the signing of the final act, questions were raised on possible maneuvers that might frustrate its intent, that of ushering in an era of true liberalization in agricultural trade. This study finds consistent evidence that GATT reforms promoted market integration and improved market efficiency. Decomposition of price variability into its various sources shows that the transmission of shocks becomes more widespread across markets and is much faster under the GATT regime. This, in turn, suggests improved market integration. The share of unexpected shocks originating from other prices in the variability of U.S. beef prices increased under GATT from 15 to 30 percent, 14 to 46 percent for Australian beef prices, 20 to 43 percent for U.S. wheat prices, and 19 to 54 percent for Australian wheat prices. Also, cointegration analysis shows significant improvement in market efficiency particularly in the speed at which a market adjusts to departures from its long-run equilibrium. Within the Pacific beef market the speed of adjustment increased under GATT from 0.309 to 0.609; between the Pacific beef and the Atlantic beef market the speed of adjustment increased from 0.246 to 0.592; and the wheat market speed of adjustment increased from 0.064 to 0.414.
Searching for QCD Instantons at Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Khoze, Valentin V.
name: Milne, Daniel L.
name: Spannowsky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QCD instantons are arguably the best motivated yet unobserved nonperturbative effects predicted by the Standard Model. A discovery and detailed study of instanton-generated processes at colliders would provide a new window into the phenomenological exploration of QCD and a vastly improved fundamental understanding of its non-perturbative dynamics. Building on the optical theorem, we numerically calculate the total instanton cross-section from the elastic scattering amplitude, also including quantum effects arising from resummed perturbative exchanges between hard gluons in the initial state, thereby improving in accuracy on previous results. Although QCD instanton processes are predicted to be produced with a large scattering cross-section at small centre-of-mass partonic energies, discovering them at hadron colliders is a challenging task that requires dedicated search strategies. We evaluate the sensitivity of high-luminosity LHC runs, as well as low-luminosity LHC and Tevatron runs. We find that LHC low-luminosity runs in particular, which do not suffer from large pileup and trigger thresholds, show a very good sensitivity for discovering QCD instanton-generated processes.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures. v2: references added, matches the version accepted for publication in PRD. v3: Small correction to definition of sphericity
Ökumenischer Rat der Kirchen und Siebenten-Tages-Adventisten - eine Gewissenssymbiose
Creators: name: Beach, Bert Beverly
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 2 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 2
THE COST OF AGRICULTURAL CARBON SAVINGS
Creators: name: Schneider, Uwe A.
name: Schneider, Uwe A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Economic impacts of agricultural carbon sequestration involve direct costs ofsequestration management adoption as well as a variety of indirect costs and benefits. The nature and significance of these impacts are discussed. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in agriculture is identified as an influential factor. Techniques to estimate the cost of agricultural carbon sequestration are briefly reviewed and compared. Mathematically programming is used to simulate carbon sequestration in the U.S. agricultural sector and to provide experimental evidence of the existence and magnitude of economic impacts.
U.S. Sugar Policy Options and Their Consequences under NAFTA and Doha
Creators: name: Abler, David G.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Blandford, David
name: Elobeid, Amani E.
name: Abler, David G.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Blandford, David
name: Elobeid, Amani E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Doha
subject: NAFTA
subject: policy
subject: sugar
subject: U.S. sugar program

description: We analyze the potential impact of continuing the existing U.S. sugar program, replacing it with a standard program, and implementing the standard program with multilateral trade liberalization. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), duty-free sugar imports from Mexico will undermine the programs ability to operate on a "no-cost" basis to U.S. taxpayers. As the Mexican beverage industry is likely to expand considerably its high-fructose corn syrup use, the sugar thereby displaced will seek a market in the United States. Under these conditions, marketing allotments could not be utilized under current legislation and prices would likely fall to the loan rate. The government would accumulate significant sugar stocks. The replacement of the current sugar program by one similar to other major U.S. crop programs would solve the problem of stock accumulation and accommodate further trade liberalization under a new World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement or future bilateral trade agreements. Our analysis of recent WTO proposals suggests that a WTO agreement is unlikely to impose significant adjustment pressures on the U.S. sugar market beyond those created by NAFTA. The adoption of a standard program would make it easier for the United States to meet its commitments under a new WTO agreement in terms of reductions in trade-distorting amber-box support. Moving to a standard program would increase the costs of the program for taxpayers but would lower costs for sugar users. Given reasonable assumptions about program parameters, the principal program cost would likely be through direct payments rather than through countercyclical or loan-deficiency payments. These costs could be lower than the maximum estimated here, because of limitations on payments to individual producers.
Vibrational and vibronic structure of isolated point defects: the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
Creators: name: Razinkovas, Lukas
name: Doherty, Marcus W.
name: Manson, Neil B.
name: Van de Walle, Chris G.
name: Alkauskas, Audrius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of vibrational and vibronic properties of a point defect in the dilute limit by means of first-principles density functional theory calculations. As an exemplar we choose the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center, a solid-state system that has served as a testbed for many protocols of quantum technology. We achieve low effective concentrations of defects by constructing dynamical matrices of large supercells containing tens of thousands of atoms. The main goal of the paper is to calculate luminescence and absorption lineshapes due to coupling to vibrational degrees of freedom. The coupling to symmetric $a_1$ modes is computed via the Huang-Rhys theory. Importantly, to include a nontrivial contribution of $e$ modes we develop an effective methodology to solve the multi-mode $E \otimes e$ Jahn-Teller problem. Our results show that for NV centers in diamond a proper treatment of $e$ modes is particularly important for absorption. We obtain good agreement with experiment for both luminescence and absorption. Finally, the remaining shortcomings of the theoretical approach are critically reviewed. The presented theoretical approach will benefit identification and future studies of point defects in solids.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures
The Collective-Quality Promotion in the Agribusiness Sector: An Overview
Creators: name: Marette, Stephan
name: Marette, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: collective-quality promotion
subject: labeling
subject: marketing organization
subject: quality signals

description: This paper reviews the economic effects of collective-quality promotion through a survey of the recent literature devoted to common labeling and professional groups. Benefits and costs of common labeling and professional groups for improving quality are detailed. Some empirical facts are presented, mainly focusing on some European examples, since many European countries have a long history of producer-owned marketing programs. This paper shows that in some cases the collective-quality promotion can be a successful strategy for firms/farmers.
Further evidence for the presence of a neutron star in 4U 2206+54. INTEGRAL and VLA observations
Creators: name: Blay, P.
name: Ribo, M.
name: Negueruela, I.
name: Torrejon, J. M.
name: Reig, P.
name: Camero, A.
name: Mirabel, I. F.
name: Reglero, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The majority of High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) behave as X-ray pulsars, revealing that they contain a magnetised neutron star. Among the four HMXBs not showing pulsations, and that do not show the characteristics of accreting black holes, there is the unusual HMXB 4U 2206+54. Here we present contemporaneous high-energy and radio observations of this system conducted with INTEGRAL and the VLA in order to unveil its nature. The high-energy spectra show clear indications of the presence of an absorption feature at ~32 keV. This is the third high-energy observatory which reveals marginal evidence of this feature, giving strong support to the existence of a cyclotron resonance scattering feature, which implies a magnetic field of 3.6 x 10^12 G. On the other hand, the source is not detected at centimetre radio wavelengths with a 3 sigma upper limit of 0.039 mJy. The expected radio emission for an accreting black hole in the low/hard state, inferred from X-ray flux measurements, would be at least 60 times greater than the measured upper limit. Both results firmly indicate that, in spite of the absence of pulsations, 4U 2206+54 hosts a magnetic accreting neutron star, the first one not to be observed as an X-ray pulsar.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to A&A on 2004 October 19; Accepted for Publication on 2005 March 29
Strategic Behavior, Institutional Change and the Future of Agriculture
Creators: name: Johnson, Stanley R.
name: Johnson, Stanley R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Agricultural Policy
subject: Game Theory
subject: Mechanism Design
subject: Strategic Behavior

description: Policy reforms increasing the roles of markets in agriculture and related institutional changes are occurring worldwide. These are accompanied by and related to rapid technical change, especially for information systems, biotechnology, and organizational mechanisms. Trends in farm size, integration, concentration, environmental sensitivity, organization and funding of research and development, and multinational business organization are among the observable consequences of these changes. With the evolving role of government, new institutions are emerging for shaping the strategic behavior of public and private sector agents. What are the characteristics of these institutions? Where will strategic behavior and interaction of agents have a critical impact on the performance of agriculture? How will they shape the future of agriculture? What are the implications for policy analysis and the development of the capacities of our profession?
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain : T1 and T2 relaxation and absolute concentrations of metabolites in patients and healthy volunteers
Creators: name: Brief, Elana Esther
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Absolute concentrations have been measured of the brain metabolites choline, creatine and N-Acetyl-Aspartate using non-invasive proton (1H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in vivo. The accuracy of 1H-MRS has been improved as a result of better metabolite T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements and a novel technique for measuring brain tissue water concentration. The precision of MRS has been measured for all major brain metabolites including choline CHO, the methyl group of creatine CRE, the methylene group of creatine (CR), glutamine (GLU), glutamate (GLN), myo-inositol (INS) and N-Acetyl-Aspartate NAA. T1 and T2 have been measured more precisely and accurately than previously reported studies because of improvements made to the saturation recovery and decay experiments. Contrary to previous results, metabolite T1 relaxation was found to differ for all metabolites between and within three regions of normal human brain. In addition, T2 relaxation of CHO and NAA have been found to be shorter than previously reported. The T1 and T2 times measured in previous studies are explained in terms of short-comings in their experimental design. Brain tissue water content has been measured using a T2 relaxation imaging sequence and normalizing to an external standard. This determination of water content is a vast improvement over previous experiments which either quoted literature values for water content for pure tissues, or made erroneous assumptions regarding the magnetic resonance visibility of the protons associated with water. The concentrations of CHO and NAA exhibited a regional dependence in the parietal white and occipital grey regions examined whereas CRE did not. The concentrations measured here were found to be within the range of the concentrations quoted in the literature, however the slight differences can be explained in terms of the improved water content measurements and the T2 corrections. Clinical applications of the T1 and absolute concentration studies are discussed. In particular, the T1 times of NAA and CHO within multiple sclerosis lesions were reduced compared the the corresponding metabolites in healthy white matter. This may help explain confusing published observations such as the reversible decrease of NAA in MS lesions. Three separate studies are introduced which investigate the brain metabolite concentrations in patients with traumatic brain injury, patients with phenylketonuria and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. This work represents the development and improvement of a new clinical tool which can be used in collaboration with radiologists, neurologists, endocrinologists and other specialists to investigate neurologic disease.
An Empirical Investigation of Command-Line Customization
Creators: name: Schröder, Michael
name: Cito, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The interactive command line, also known as the shell, is a prominent mechanism used extensively by a wide range of software professionals (engineers, system administrators, data scientists, etc.). Shell customizations can therefore provide insight into the tasks they repeatedly perform, how well the standard environment supports those tasks, and ways in which the environment could be productively extended or modified. To characterize the patterns and complexities of command-line customization, we mined the collective knowledge of command-line users by analyzing more than 2.2 million shell alias definitions found on GitHub. Shell aliases allow command-line users to customize their environment by defining arbitrarily complex command substitutions. Using inductive coding methods, we found three types of aliases that each enable a number of customization practices: Shortcuts (for nicknaming commands, abbreviating subcommands, and bookmarking locations), Modifications (for substituting commands, overriding defaults, colorizing output, and elevating privilege), and Scripts (for transforming data and chaining subcommands). We conjecture that identifying common customization practices can point to particular usability issues within command-line programs, and that a deeper understanding of these practices can support researchers and tool developers in designing better user experiences. In addition to our analysis, we provide an extensive reproducibility package in the form of a curated dataset together with well-documented computational notebooks enabling further knowledge discovery and a basis for learning approaches to improve command-line workflows.
Current induced local spin polarization due to the spin-orbit coupling in a two dimensional narrow strip
Creators: name: Wang, Q.
name: Sheng, L.
name: Ting, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current induced local spin polarization due to weak Rashba spin-orbit coupling in narrow strip is studied. In the presence of longitudinal charge current, local spin polarizations appear in the sample. The spin polarization perpendicular to the plane has opposite sign near the two edges. The in-plane spin polarization in the direction perpendicular to the sample edges also appears, but does not change sign across the sample. From our scaling analysis based on increasing the strip width, the out-of-plane spin polarization is important mainly in a system of mesoscopic size, and thus appears not to be associated with the spin-Hall effect in bulk samples.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Double non-equivalent chain structure on vicinal Si(557)-Au surface
Creators: name: Krawiec, M.
name: Kwapinski, T.
name: Jalochowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electronic and topographic properties of the vicinal Si(557)-Au surface using scanning tunneling microscopy and reflection of high energy electron diffraction technique. STM data reveal double wire structures along terraces. Moreover behavior of the voltage dependent STM tip - surface distance is different in different chains. While the one chain shows oscillations of the distance which are sensitive to the sign of the voltage bias, the oscillations in the other chain remain unchanged with respect to the positive/negative biases. This suggests that one wire has metallic character while the other one - semiconducting. The experimental results are supplemented by theoretical calculations within tight binding model suggesting that the observed chains are made of different materials, one is gold and the other one is silicon chain.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
The Variation of Integrated Star IMFs among Galaxies
Creators: name: Weidner, C.
name: Kroupa, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integrated galaxial initial mass function (IGIMF) is the relevant distribution function containing the information on the distribution of stellar remnants, the number of supernovae and the chemical enrichment history of a galaxy. Since most stars form in embedded star clusters with different masses the IGIMF becomes an integral of the assumed (universal or invariant) stellar IMF over the embedded star-cluster mass function (ECMF). For a range of reasonable assumptions about the IMF and the ECMF we find the IGIMF to be steeper (containing fewer massive stars per star) than the stellar IMF, but below a few Msol it is invariant and identical to the stellar IMF for all galaxies. However, the steepening sensitively depends on the form of the ECMF in the low-mass regime. Furthermore, observations indicate a relation between the star formation rate of a galaxy and the most massive young stellar cluster in it. The assumption that this cluster mass marks the upper end of a young-cluster mass function leads to a connection of the star formation rate and the slope of the IGIMF above a few Msol. The IGIMF varies with the star formation history of a galaxy. Notably, large variations of the IGIMF are evident for dE, dIrr and LSB galaxies with a small to modest stellar mass. We find that for any galaxy the number of supernovae per star (NSNS) is suppressed relative to that expected for a Salpeter IMF. Dwarf galaxies have a smaller NSNS compared to massive galaxies. For dwarf galaxies the NSNS varies substantially depending on the galaxy assembly history and the assumptions made about the low-mass end of the ECMF. The findings presented here may be of some consequence for the cosmological evolution of the number of supernovae per low-mass star and the chemical enrichment of galaxies of different mass.
description: 27 pages, accepted for publication by ApJ
Welfare Reducing Trade and Optimal Trade Policy
Creators: name: Choi, E. Kwan
name: Beladi, Hamid
name: Choi, E. Kwan
name: Beladi, Hamid
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper shows that free trade reduces the welfare of a small country with unemployment unless the free trade price if the importable falls below the autarky equivalent price. A decline in the price of the importable from the autarky level not only improves the terms of trade but also reduces employment and production in the importable sector. A numerical example illustrates that the autarky equivalent price of the importable can be substantially lower than the autarky price. If an optimal tariff is used, however, restricted trade improves welfare above the autarky level.
A Flexible Multistage Demand System Based on Indirect Separability
Creators: name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The notion of indirect separability is exploited to derive a new multistage demand system. The model allows a consistent parameterization of demand relations at various budgeting stages and it fulfills the requirement of flexibility while satisfying separability globally. Two propositions are derived to characterize flexible and separable functional forms, which lead to the specification of a flexible and separable translog (FAST) demand system. The model is particularly attractive for modeling large complete demand systems, and is illustrated with an application to Canadian food demand.
Entanglement Interpretation of Black Hole Entropy in String Theory
Creators: name: Brustein, Ram
name: Einhorn, Martin B.
name: Yarom, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the entropy resulting from the counting of microstates of non extremal black holes using field theory duals of string theories can be interpreted as arising from entanglement. The conditions for making such an interpretation consistent are discussed. First, we interpret the entropy (and thermodynamics) of spacetimes with non degenerate, bifurcating Killing horizons as arising from entanglement. We use a path integral method to define the Hartle-Hawking vacuum state in such spacetimes and discuss explicitly its entangled nature and its relation to the geometry. If string theory on such spacetimes has a field theory dual, then, in the low-energy, weak coupling limit, the field theory state that is dual to the Hartle-Hawking state is a thermofield double state. This allows the comparison of the entanglement entropy with the entropy of the field theory dual, and thus, with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the black hole. As an example, we discuss in detail the case of the five dimensional anti-de Sitter, black hole spacetime.
What do the orbital motions of the outer planets of the Solar System tell us about the Pioneer anomaly?
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
name: Giudice, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the effects that an anomalous acceleration as that experienced by the Pioneer spacecraft after they passed the 20 AU threshold would induce on the orbital motions of the Solar System planets placed at heliocentric distances of 20 AU or larger as Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. It turns out that such an acceleration, with a magnitude of 8.74\times 10^-10 m s^-2, would affect their orbits with secular and short-period signals large enough to be detected according to the latest published results by E.V. Pitjeva, even by considering errors up to 30 times larger than those released. The absence of such anomalous signatures in the latest data rules out the possibility that in the region 20-40 AU of the Solar System an anomalous force field inducing a constant and radial acceleration with those characteristics affects the motion of the major planets.
description: Latex2e, 19 pages, 3 tables, 10 figures, 18 references. Authorship changed; new figures added for a direct comparison with the observable quantities. Accepted for publication in New Astronomy
Investigating the role of quality improvement (QI) education partnerships between higher education and healthcare organisations in Australian pre-registration nursing curricula: A mixed methods study
Creators: name: MAK, VERITY
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420599
subject: Nursing not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: Quality improvement (QI) is an important nursing skill to improve patient health outcomes and systems processes. This PhD investigated the role of QI education partnerships between higher education and healthcare organisations to teach nursing students. While the results indicated that QI partnerships are at an early stage of implementation in Australia, the advantages are that they increase student QI knowledge and understanding, and have mutual benefits for both higher education and the healthcare organisations through implementation of QI projects. QI education partnerships have the potential to increase vital QI workforce skills, which can have significant impacts on quality patient care.
Integral canonical models of unitary Shimura varieties
Creators: name: Vasiu, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G10, 11G18, 14F30, 14G35, 14G40, and 14K10

description: We prove the existence of integral canonical models of unitary Shimura varieties in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic. Errata to [Va1] are also included.
description: 27 pages. Accepted (in final form) for publication in Asian J. Math
Out-of-plane fluctuation conductivity of layered superconductors in strong electric fields
Creators: name: Puica, I.
name: Lang, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Ohmic effect of a high electric field on the out-of-plane magneto-conductivity of a layered superconductor near the superconducting transition is studied in the frame of the Langevin approach to the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation. The transverse fluctuation conductivity is computed in the self-consistent Hartree approximation for an arbitrarily strong electric field and a magnetic field perpendicular to the layers. Our results indicate that high electric fields can be effectively used to suppress the out-of-plane fluctuation conductivity in high-temperature superconductors and a significant broadening of the transition induced by a strong electric field is predicted. Extensions of the results are provided for the case when the electric field is applied at an arbitrary angle with respect to the layers, as well as for the three-dimensional anisotropic regime of a strong interlayer coupling.
description: to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Fully Bayes factors with a generalized g-prior
Creators: name: Maruyama, Yuzo
name: George, Edward I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For the normal linear model variable selection problem, we propose selection criteria based on a fully Bayes formulation with a generalization of Zellner's $g$-prior which allows for $p>n$. A special case of the prior formulation is seen to yield tractable closed forms for marginal densities and Bayes factors which reveal new model evaluation characteristics of potential interest.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS917 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The Hubble Deep Field North SCUBA Super-map III - Optical and near-infrared properties of submillimetre galaxies
Creators: name: Pope, Alexandra
name: Borys, Colin
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Conselice, Christopher
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Mobasher, Bahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new sub-mm Super-map in the HDF-North region (GOODS-North field), containing 40 statistically robust sources at 850 microns. This map contains additional data, and several new sources, including one of the brightest blank-sky extragalactic sub-mm sources ever detected. We have used the ACS HST images and ground-based near-IR observations from GOODS to develop a systematic approach for counterpart identification. 72 per cent of our sources with optical coverage have a unique optical counterpart using our new techniques for counterpart identification, and an additional 18 per cent have more than one possibility that meet our criteria in the ACS images. We have found a much higher ERO rate than other sub-mm surveys, due to the increased depth in the optical images. The median photometric redshift (and quartile range), from optical and near-infrared data, is 1.7 (1.3-2.5) for the radio-detected sub-mm sources, and rises to 2.3 (1.3-2.7) for the radio-undetected sub-sample. We find interesting correlations between the 850 micron flux and both the i magnitude and the photometric redshift, from which there appears to be an absence of high redshift faint counterparts to the lower flux density SCUBA sources. While the quantitative morphologies span a range of values, in general the sub-mm galaxies show larger sizes and a higher degree of asymmetry than other galaxy populations at the same redshifts.
description: 20 pages, 11 eps figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS December 17, 2004
ON THE DEMAND FOR A STATE-CONTINGENT, COST-SAVING SEED TRAIT
Creators: name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: genetic trait
subject: information inputs
subject: patent value
subject: real option

description: Biotechnology has enriched the strategy set available to crop managers. Suppose a manager faces a decision between applying a pre-emergence pesticide or applying nothing at all. The advent of pesticide tolerance traits in plants admits the possibility of a state-contingent post-emergence application of pesticide. The innovation adds value in large part because it provides the manager with the option to wait for more information. For heterogeneous acre types, the determinants of trait royalties and of crop management strategies in equilibrium are studied. Pest resistance traits have different implications for crop management. Whereas a tolerance trait likely complements information technologies, the addition of a resistance trait may substitute for them.
On the Accuracy of Regulatory Cost Estimates
Creators: name: Harrington, Winston
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Nelson, Peter
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Nelson, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: environmental costs
subject: costing accuracy
subject: innovation and regulation

description: This study compares ex ante estimates of the direct costs of individual regulations to ex post assessments of the same regulations. Our review of more than two dozen environmental and occupational safety regulations indicates that ex ante estimates of total (direct) costs have tended to exceed actuals. We find this to be true of 12 of the 25 rules in our data set, while for only 6 were the ex ante estimates too low. The overestimation of total costs is often due to errors in the quantity of emission reductions achieved by the rule which, in turn, suggest that the rule's benefits may also be overestimated. The quantity errors are driven by both baseline and compliance issues. At least for EPA and OSHA rules, overestimation of per-unit abatement costs occurs about as often as underestimation. In contrast, for those rules that use economic incentives, per-unit costs are consistently overestimated. Much of the overestimation can be attributed to technical innovations unanticipated at the time the rule is issued, and to quantity errors. In addition, several methodological and procedural explanations also apply: changes in the regulation after the cost estimate is prepared, use of maximum cost estimates, and asymmetric error correction. Since a number of environmental laws encourage the development of cost estimates that reflect a maximum rather than a mean, regulatory agencies could issue a "best estimate" along with the statutorily preferred cost estimate. Likewise, they could ensure that rule changes made in the course of the regulatory development process are manifest in revised cost estimates. Indeed, discovering how and when to adjust ex ante estimates provides the strongest possible justification for more credible ex post studies--a research activity that merits greater emphasis.