cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT IN THE MINING INDUSTRY:  A FOCUS ON SADC
Creators: name: Mbonigaba Celestin*, A. Dinesh Kumar** & M. Vasuki***
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The mining industry within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region plays a pivotal role in the economic development of member states, contributing approximately 20% to the GDP of countries like South Africa, Zambia, and Botswana. However, from July 2020 to June 2024, the sector faced significant challenges related to sustainable procurement practices, leading to environmental degradation and social conflicts. This study explores the current state of sustainable procurement in the SADC mining industry, focusing on the environmental and social impacts, barriers to adoption, and the effectiveness of existing regulatory frameworks. The research identifies key issues such as over-extraction of resources, inadequate waste management, and poor labor conditions, which have led to a 10% reduction in available mineral reserves, a 20% increase in pollution incidents, and a 15% rise in labor grievances. These challenges are exacerbated by weak regulatory enforcement and a lack of transparency, as evidenced by a 30% increase in non-compliance reports from environmental agencies across the region. To address these issues, the study proposes actionable strategies aimed at improving sustainability in mining procurement, including harmonizing regulations across SADC countries, incentivizing sustainable practices through tax benefits, and enhancing transparency through mandatory sustainability reporting. The study also emphasizes the importance of strategic partnerships and community engagement in fostering sustainable procurement. The findings suggest that while progress has been made, particularly in countries like South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia, significant gaps remain in the implementation of sustainable procurement practices across the region. The study concludes by recommending further research into the long-term economic benefits of sustainable procurement and the role of gender in these practices, to ensure that the SADC mining industry can contribute to both economic growth and sustainable development.
GaAs/GaP quantum dots: Ensemble of direct and indirect heterostructures with room temperature optical emission
Creators: name: Dadgostar, S.
name: Schmidtbauer, J.
name: Boeck, T.
name: Torres, A.
name: Martínez, O.
name: Jiménez, J.
name: Tomm, J. W.
name: Mogilatenko, A.
name: Masselink, W. T.
name: Hatami, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the optical emission and the carrier dynamics of an ensemble of self-assembled GaAs quantum dots embedded in GaP(001). The QD formation is driven by the 3.6 % lattice mismatch between GaAs and GaP in Stranski-Krastanow mode after deposition of more than 1.2 monolayers of GaAs. The quantum dots have an areal density between 6 and 7.6x1010 per cm-2 and multimodal size distribution. The luminescence spectra show two peaks in the range of 1.7 and 2.1 eV. The samples with larger quantum dots have red emission and show less thermal quenching compared to the samples with smaller QDs. The large QDs luminescence up to room temperature. We attribute the high energy emission to indirect carrier recombination in the thin quantum wells or small strained quantum dots, whereas the low energy red emission is due to the direct electron-hole recombination in the relaxed quantum dots.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
The Impact of Surface Cleaning on Random Texturing of Crystalline Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Ebong, A.
name: Upadhyaya, A.
name: Kean, J.
name: Rounsaville, B.
name: Cooper, I.B.
name: Upadhyaya, V.
name: Kapoor, A.
name: Rohatgi, A.
name: Tamboli, D.C.
name: Wu, A.
name: Rao, M.B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1674-1677
description: In this paper we report on the use of a cleaning solution, SunSource™ 68a cleaning chemistry, formulated
by Air Product and Chemicals, Inc., which produced uniform pyramids across a wafer and from wafer to wafer. The use
of this chemical reduced the texturing time to about one half the time compared to standard texturing. The pre-texture
clean with SunSource™ 68 cleaning chemistry reduces the dependence of texturing on the amount of IPA in the
texturing bath. We found, repeatedly and reproducibly, an efficiency improvement with the cells made in conjunction
with the cleaning chemistry. This improvement resulted from a combination of lower weighted reflectance and narrow
gridlines resulting from uniform and small pyramids associated with the cells using SunSource™ 68 cleaning chemistry.
The cells with cleaning showed a tighter distribution than the standard texturing. Average efficiency of 18.41% on large
area (239 cm2) cells 2.6 -cm CZ Si compared to 18.27% for the standard textured cells have been demonstrated. Best
efficiency of 18.5% and 18.3% were obtained for the SunSource™68 cleaning chemistry and standard cells, respectively.
Building a Photovoltaic Module to Realize a Study of the Temperature Distribution in Outdoor Conditions
Creators: name: Andrade, A.C.
name: Martins, J.S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3498-3501
description: This work presents a method used to measure the temperature of solar cells operating in encapsulated
photovoltaic modules. From experimental data, it will be possible to build a model that can predict the temperature
distribution of a photovoltaic module, contributing, thus, to better characterize it. Hence, a photovoltaic module was
built with temperature sensors placed in the back of the cells to measure the operating temperature in each cell of the
module. In this research, temperature sensors are in direct contact with the encapsulated cells, so it is possible to
accurately measure the temperature of each cell. When solar cells are electrically associated into photovoltaic
modules operating in outdoor conditions, they can vary differences of temperature among them by factors such as
efficiency, optical and electrical properties, or even by its position in the module. This fact that will be evaluated by
measures taken during this research and that will improve the temperature measurement for the characterization of
the photovoltaic module.
MDECR Plasma Deposition of Microcrystalline Silicon as an Alternative to RF Capacitive Methods
Creators: name: Kasouit, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3138-3140
description: Deposition of microcrystalline silicon at high rates and on large areas is an important bottleneck for the
reduction of the cost of microcrystalline silicon solar cells. In this paper, we describe an alternative deposition
method, namely Matrix Distributed Electron Cyclotron Resonance, which has the potential to achieve both goals.
Feedstock gas depletion and high deposition rate on large areas is easily achievable using these sources and intrinsic
layers with good structural and transport properties are obtained. However, the more efficient dissociation of the
gases, which leads to a high atomic hydrogen concentration in these plasmas, induces a severe degradation of the
doped layers as well as of the TCO underneath, hence limiting the efficiency of the cells deposited in the standard
PIN superstrate configuration. Preliminary results suggest that NIP and substrate structures could alleviate this issue.
Narrow-Gap a-SiGeC:H Absorber Layers Fabricated by VHF-PECVD Using Monomethyl Germane
Creators: name: Kim, D.Y.
name: Yunaz, I.A.
name: Miyajima, S.
name: Konagai, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2904-2907
description: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium-carbide (a-SiGeC:H) thin films have been prepared by
very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) method using monomethyl
germane (MMG, GeH3CH3) as a germanium source. It was found that C incorporation into the films was notably
restrained by high hydrogen dilution (RH) and substrate temperature (TS). At high RH of 200 sccm and TS of 280oC,
the optical band gap (Eopt) of a-SiGeC:H thin films decreased down to 1.51 eV, whereas the Eopt increases up to 1.9
eV at low RH of 70 sccm and TS of 180oC with the increment of MMG. Among the fabricated samples, the best
electrical properties were obtained with a sample of a-Si0.68Ge0.29C0.03:H, whose Eopt and photosensitivity were of
1.58 eV and 105, respectively. With the film as an absorber layer in a p-i-n structured solar cell, significant
enhancement of quantum efficiency in long wavelengths was obtained. We again investigated effects of TS on the
solar cell. As a result, qualitative improvement of p-i interfaces and i-layer itself were observed as TS decreases as
low as 230oC. At that TS, the film had the composition of a-Si0.70Ge0.27C0.03:H, and a solar cell using the i-layer
showed highest short-circuit current-density (Jsc) of 14.72 mA/cm2 with conversion efficiency of 5.2%.
Identification of Various Plasma Regimes in Very High Frequency PECVD of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Near the Phase Transition
Creators: name: De Jong, M.M.
name: De Koning, J.
name: Rath, J.K.
name: Schropp, R.E.I.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3149-3151
description: In this work we present a non disturbing method for in situ identification of the plasma regime of low
substrate temperature silane/hydrogen plasmas based on Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). Producing solar cells
directly on plastics would drastically reduce manufacturing costs for flexible cells. As inexpensive plastics cannot
withstand temperatures above ~125°C, we need to develop deposition methods of which the substrate temperature
does not exceed this temperature. A major problem in low temperature depositions is the formation of dust particles,
which can cause electrical shunts when incorporated in the silicon layers.
By recording OES spectra as a function of the position perpendicular to the electrodes, we can identify the transition
from the dust free alpha-regime to the dusty gamma’-regime. In this way we can map the transition as a function of
the deposition parameters. Because the amorphous to nanocrystalline transition occurs at lower power for higher
hydrogen dilution and the alpha to gamma’ transition occurs at higher power at increased dilutions, these two
transitions define a limited parameter window in the dilution-power space in which we can grow amorphous silicon
in a dust-free plasma at low temperature.
Using this technique we gain accurate control over the plasma regime, so that dusty plasmas may also be effectively
used to create layers, e.g., for nanocrystal (quantum dot) based photovoltaic devices.
Texturing for Silicon Solar Cells Using High RF Power Hydrogen Remote Plasma Technique
Creators: name: Suzuki, H.
name: Suzuki, S.
name: Dhamrin, M.
name: Kamisako, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1632-1635
description: Texturing of crystalline silicon by RF hydrogen remote plasma resulted in a low surface reflectance
below 10 % in the broad wavelength range between 400 and 1000 nm. The silicon surface plasma damage after dry
texturing decreased by smoothing process in HF/HNO3 mixture. The surface reflectance and texture structure are not
affected remarkably by smoothing process. The SiNx:H anti-reflection coating was very effective on RF hydrogen
remote plasma texturing. Low surface reflectnces below 5 % in the broad wavelength range between 400 and 1000
nm were realized after SiNx:H anti-reflection coating on smoothed surfaces. Solar cell characteristics were improved
by the texturing and smoothing process. The conversion efficiency rose 1.8 % compared with the as-sliced reference
wafer.
Behaviors of Photovoltaic Systems Connected to MV Network during Faults
Creators: name: Le-Thi-Minh, C.
name: Tran-Quoc, T.
name: Bacha, S.
name: Kieny, C.
name: Cabanac, P.
name: Goulielmakis, D.
name: Duvauchelle, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4221-4226
description: In France, the action of disconnection for distributed generations (DG) of a few MW connected to the
medium voltage (MV) network, is instantaneous in case of voltage sags as those due to faults. These existing
disconnection protection settings can cause a large number of unwanted disconnections. Unexpected disconnections
caused by disturbances could have local but also global impacts on the network operation, particularly for weak grids.
The instantaneous action of protective relays is only necessary for DG with high short circuit current as rotating
machines. The behavior of photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to the network via inverter and their ability to withstand
disturbances (ex: voltage sags) is totally different compared to those of rotating machines. Therefore, the first
investigation of this work is to study how actual requirements are suitable with PV power plants. Behaviors of PV
systems connected to MV network during faults are then studied considering the real network protections. Then,
unnecessary trip cases of PV plants are identified through simulations. Finally solutions to avoid these unwanted
disconnections are proposed. A verification of the system operation with proposed solution is also carried out.
“Forms of Energy”: The Way Architects Envision Solar Energy
Creators: name: Scognamiglio, A.
name: Bordone, S.
name: Grima, J.
name: Palumbo, M.L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3958-3966
description: The topic of energy has become crucial for our future; the focus of discussion after many years, is
no longer restricted to minority groups of ecologists and courageous owners of small businesses: it is influencing
the field of Architecture, too. Also regulations are fostering architects to use energy as a new input for the project.
Due to this new condition, now a deep common thinking in between architecture and technological and scientific
research is needed, to answer our questions and needs with regard to buildings and cities of our future.
One of the main questions is: what link can we conceive between forms of energy and the forms of architecture?
All around the world, architects are taking up the challenge. In order to investigate this topic, in June 2010,
ENEA (participating in the IEA-SHC Task 41 Solar Energy and Architecture) together with Domus, launched a
“call for proposals” to rally architects to send in projects where the topic of renewable energy was addressed.
InArch supported this initiative, too. The projects we collected formed a collection of case studies. This paper
will report about the main results of the recognition we carried out (about 40 international proposals until June
2011), showing some case studies, where the use of Photovoltaics is significant.
Features extraction from carbonate modern platforms satellite imagery using Computer Vision
Creators: name: Soto, Grisel Jiménez
name: Beg, Mirza Arshad
name: Pöppelreiter, Michael
name: Khaidir Rahmatsyah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90905 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Firstly, a Python code load massive satellite imagery from a specific folder RGB format, then each raw coral reef image is resized, converted from RGB band to gray, smoothed, and binarized using Open Computer Vision Library available in Python 3.0.The coral reef edge information contains very prominent geometric attributes that characterize their behavior, thus morphological changes were applied to define the contour of the carbonate platform.Furthermore, a structural analysis and shape descriptors were made in a set of images in order to numerically calculate the characteristics of the carbonate platform. A total of 27 satellite images were processed by the algorithm successfully at the same time, only two images were not segmented correctly because of the illumination and intensity of the predominant colors, especially blue color. Finally, this dataset was exported from Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and CSV format respectively.
First Results of the Application of the MotherPV Method to CIS Modules
Creators: name: Guérin De Montgareuil, A.
name: Sicot, L.
name: Mohring, H.-D.
name: Stellbogen, D.
name: Zdanowicz, T.
name: Prorok, M.
name: Kołodenny, W.
name: Martin, J.-L.
name: Mezzasalma, F.
name: Delesse, Y.
name: Merten, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3451-3455
description: INES/CEA has developed the MotherPV method (Meteorogical, Optical and Thermal Histories for the
Energy Rating of PhotoVoltaics) allowing the monitoring of the performance of photovoltaic modules and systems:
to determine the power of the module at any irradiance and temperature levels, two coefficients are used in this
method: the irradiance coefficient at 25 °C and the temperature coefficient. In this work, the MotherPV method has
been applied for the first time to CIS modules in three European outdoor PV laboratories involved in the
Performance Project: the National Institute for Solar Energy (INES/CEA - France), the Wroclaw University of
Technology (WrUT - Poland) and the Centre for Solar and Hydraulic Energy (ZSW – Germany). An improvement of
the method has been developed to take into account the stabilization period of CIS. The values of the irradiance
coefficient and of the temperature coefficient have been compared for four CIS modules of different types. The
behaviour of the studied CIS modules is different from the behaviour of other module technologies, even if one can
observe discrepancies between CIS modules.
Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy of single bowtie nano-antennas using a differential reflectivity method
Creators: name: Kaniber, M.
name: Schraml, K.
name: Regler, A.
name: Bartl, J.
name: Glashagen, G.
name: Flassig, F.
name: Wierzbowski, J.
name: Finley, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the structural and optical properties of individual bowtie nanoantennas both on glass and semiconducting GaAs substrates. The antennas on glass (GaAs) are shown to be of excellent quality and high uniformity reflected by narrow size distributions with standard deviations for the triangle and gap size of $σ_s^{glass}=4.5nm$ ($σ_s^{GaAs}=2.6nm$) and $σ_g^{glass}=5.4nm$ ($σ_g^{GaAs}=3.8nm$), respectively. The corresponding optical properties of individual nanoantennas studied by differential reflection spectroscopy show a strong reduction of the localised surface plasmon polariton resonance linewidth from $0.21eV$ to $0.07eV$ upon reducing the antenna size from $150nm$ to $100nm$. This is attributed to the absence of inhomogeneous broadening as compared to optical measurements on nanoantenna ensembles. The inter-particle coupling of an individual bowtie nanoantenna, which gives rise to strongly localised and enhanced electromagnetic hotspots, is demonstrated using polarization-resolved spectroscopy, yielding a large degree of linear polarization of $ρ_{max}\sim80\%$. The combination of highly reproducible nanofabrication and fast, non-destructive and non-contaminating optical spectroscopy paves the route towards future semiconductor-based nano-plasmonic circuits, consisting of multiple photonic and plasmonic entities.
Manufacturer Evaluation Based on Operating Data
Creators: name: Te Heesen, H.
name: Herbort, V.
name: Pfatischer, R.
name: Von Schwerin, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4219-4220
description: The choice of components with photovoltaic systems, and solar modules and inverters in particular, has a crucial influence on the system's performance and energy production. The systematic analysis of remote monitoring measurement data can contribute to analysing and evaluating the components under real conditions. The comparison of European and Asian PV module manufacturers shows that no significant quality differences can be identified – the manufacturer-specific classification provides a comparable performance profile of the modules of individual manufacturers.
Predicting the evolution of complex networks via local information
Creators: name: Wu, Tao
name: Chen, Leiting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Almost all real-world networks are subject to constant evolution, and plenty of evolving networks have been investigated to uncover the underlying mechanisms for a deeper understanding of the organization and development of them. Compared with the rapid expansion of the empirical studies about evolution mechanisms exploration, the future links prediction methods corresponding to the evolution mechanisms are deficient. Real-world information always contain hints of what would happen next, which is also the case in the observed evolving networks. In this paper, we firstly propose a structured-dependent index to strengthen the robustness of link prediction methods. Then we treat the observed links and their timestamps in evolving networks as known information. We envision evolving networks as dynamic systems and model the evolutionary dynamics of nodes similarity. Based on the iterative updating of nodes' network position, the potential trend of evolving networks is uncovered, which improves the accuracy of future links prediction. Experiments on various real-world networks show that the proposed index performs better than baseline methods and the spatial-temporal position drift model performs well in real-world evolving networks.
NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of 1E1743.1-2843: indications of a neutron star LMXB nature of the compact object
Creators: name: Lotti, Simone
name: Natalucci, Lorenzo
name: Mori, Kaya
name: Baganoff, Frederick K.
name: Boggs, Steven E.
name: Christensen, Finn E.
name: Craig, William W.
name: Hailey, Charles J.
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
name: Hong, Jaesub
name: Krivonos, Roman A.
name: Rahoui, Farid
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Zhang, Shuo
name: Zhang, William W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the persistent X-ray source 1E1743.1-2843, located in the Galactic Center region. The source was observed between September and October 2012 by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton, providing almost simultaneous observations in the hard and soft X-ray bands. The high X-ray luminosity points to the presence of an accreting compact object. We analyze the possibilities of this accreting compact object being either a neutron star (NS) or a black hole, and conclude that the joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR spectrum from 0.3 to 40 $\mathrm{keV}$ fits to a black body spectrum with $kT\sim1.8~\mathrm{keV}$ emitted from a hot spot or an equatorial strip on a neutron star surface. This spectrum is thermally Comptonized by electrons with $kT_{e}\sim4.6~\mathrm{keV}$. Accepting this neutron star hypothesis, we probe the Low Mass (LMXB) or High Mass (HMXB) X-ray Binary nature of the source. While the lack of Type-I bursts can be explained in the LMXB scenario, the absence of pulsations in the 2 mHz - 49 Hz frequency range, the lack of eclipses and of an IR companion, and the lack of a $K_α$ line from neutral or moderately ionized iron strongly disfavor interpreting this source as a HMXB. We therefore conclude that 1E1743.1-2843 is most likely a NS-LMXB located beyond the Galactic Center. There is weak statistical evidence for a soft X-ray excess possibly indicating thermal emission from an accretion disk. However, the disk normalization remains unconstrained due to the high hydrogen column density ($N_{H}\sim1.6\times10^{23}~\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$).
description: Accepted for publication on ApJ on March 8th 2016
Mechanical Stability of Solar Cells within Solar Panels
Creators: name: Pingel, S.
name: Zemen, Y.
name: Frank, O.
name: Geipel, T.
name: Berghold, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3459-3463
description: The PV market is still expanding causing the situation in PV industry becoming more and more
complex. Different cell types emerge on the market provided by a growing number of cell suppliers. Due to silicon
shortage in the past solar cells were getting significantly thinner within the past few years. All these parameters have
a potential impact on the mechanical stability of a solar panel. This paper focuses on the dependency of the
mechanical stability of solar cells within a solar panel on different factors as cell thickness, cell interconnection
technology and cell supplier. Test procedures concerning the mechanical stability of solar panels were carried out
according to industry standards and beyond. For detailed evaluation of the panels suitable analysis methods as IV
curves and electroluminescence images were utilized. Beside other observations discussed in this paper it has been
found that the mechanical stability of solar cells within a solar panel is significantly reduced with decreasing cell
thickness. Referring to this result the rapid thickness reduction on wafer level going on in PV industry needs to be
investigated closely. Solar cell processes and the module manufacturing need to be adapted.
A non-volatile memory based on nonlinear magnetoelectric effects
Creators: name: Shen, Jianxin
name: Cong, Junzhuang
name: Chai, Yisheng
name: Shang, Dashan
name: Shen, Shipeng
name: Zhai, Kun
name: Tian, Ying
name: Sun, Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetoelectric effects in multiferroics have a great potential in creating next-generation memory devices. We conceive a new concept of non-volatile memories based on a type of nonlinear magnetoelectric effects showing a butterfly-shaped hysteresis loop. The principle is to utilize the states of the magnetoelectric coefficient, instead of magnetization, electric polarization or resistance, to store binary information. Our experiments in a device made of the PMN-PT/Terfenol-D multiferroic heterostructure clearly demonstrate that the sign of the magnetoelectric coefficient can be repeatedly switched between positive and negative by applying electric fields, confirming the feasibility of this principle. This kind of non-volatile memory has outstanding practical virtues such as simple structure, easy operations in writing and reading, low power, fast speed, and diverse materials available.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Irradiance Level Characteristics of PV Modules and the Need for Improved Data Quality
Creators: name: Schumann, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3468-3470
description: This paper is a claim for extended mandatory test conditions for PV modules in order to achieve
reliable specifications of the efficiency dependence on the irradiance. The need for such information is underlined by
annual irradiance level distributions for different sites and resulting simulated yields with modules of specified good
and bad low light response. Most data sheets of PV modules do not contain any other information than STC values. If
additional information is given it is often doubtful as selected examples in this paper show. This leads to the
conclusion that specifications shall be given mandatorily and certified independently for at least three different
irradiances including low light.
Drop deformation by laser-pulse impact
Creators: name: Gelderblom, Hanneke
name: Lhuissier, Henri
name: Klein, Alexander L.
name: Bouwhuis, Wilco
name: Lohse, Detlef
name: Villermaux, Emmanuel
name: Snoeijer, Jacco H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A free-falling absorbing liquid drop hit by a nanosecond laser-pulse experiences a strong recoil-pressure kick. As a consequence, the drop propels forward and deforms into a thin sheet which eventually fragments. We study how the drop deformation depends on the pulse shape and drop properties. We first derive the velocity field inside the drop on the timescale of the pressure pulse, when the drop is still spherical. This yields the kinetic-energy partition inside the drop, which precisely measures the deformation rate with respect to the propulsion rate, before surface tension comes into play. On the timescale where surface tension is important the drop has evolved into a thin sheet. Its expansion dynamics is described with a slender-slope model, which uses the impulsive energy-partition as an initial condition. Completed with boundary integral simulations, this two-stage model explains the entire drop dynamics and its dependance on the pulse shape: for a given propulsion, a tightly focused pulse results in a thin curved sheet which maximizes the lateral expansion, while a uniform illumination yields a smaller expansion but a flat symmetric sheet, in good agreement with experimental observations.
description: submitted to J. Fluid Mech
Large Area a-Si/μc-Si Tandem Module Production with VHF (40 MHz) PECVD Deposited a-Si Layers
Creators: name: Schwabedissen, A.
name: Ahn, K.H.
name: Klemm, U.
name: Stannowski, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3117-3119
description: In order to increase the deposition rate of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline
(μc-Si:H) layers high plasma excitation frequencies ( > 13.56 MHz) are commonly used. However, scaling to squaremeter
size in industrial production has been challenging, e.g. due to poor layer uniformity. In our inline PECVD
production tool for a-Si/μc-Si tandem modules (1.78 m2) at Sunfilm AG we currently use RF (13.56 MHz) PECVD for
both a-Si and μc-Si deposition. In this study, a-Si:H layers deposited by VHF PECVD at 40.68 MHz have been
investigated in large area tandem modules. In order to maintain layer uniformity across the 1.78 m2 substrate at high
deposition rates (0.3 – 0.4 nm/s), deposition conditions such like working pressure, hydrogen dilution ratio and VHF
input power have been optimized. However, there were no hardware changes except generator and matching unit to the
previous RF system. Compared to modules fabricated by RF-PECVD, 50 - 80% higher deposition rates have been
achieved at the same stabilized total-area module efficiency. Additionally, light-induced degradation was smaller for the
modules prepared by VHF-PECVD.
Using Edge-Preserving Algorithm with Non-local Mean for Significantly Improved Image-Domain Material Decomposition in Dual Energy CT
Creators: name: Zhao, Wei
name: Niu, Tianye
name: Xing, Lei
name: Xie, Yaoqin
name: Xiong, Guanglei
name: Elmore, Kimberly
name: Zhu, Jun
name: Wang, Luyao
name: Min, James K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increased noise is a general concern for dual-energy material decomposition. Here, we develop an image-domain material decomposition algorithm for dual-energy CT (DECT) by incorporating an edge-preserving filter into the Local HighlY constrained backPRojection Reconstruction (HYPR-LR) framework. With effective use of the non-local mean, the proposed algorithm, which is referred to as HYPR-NLM, reduces the noise in dual energy decomposition while preserving the accuracy of quantitative measurement and spatial resolution of the material-specific dual energy images. We demonstrate the noise reduction and resolution preservation of the algorithm with iodine concentrate numerical phantom by comparing the HYPR-NLM algorithm to the direct matrix inversion, HYPR-LR and iterative image-domain material decomposition (Iter-DECT). We also show the superior performance of the HYPR-NLM over the existing methods by using two sets of cardiac perfusing imaging data. The reference drawn from the comparison study includes: (1) HYPR-NLM significantly reduces the DECT material decomposition noise while preserving quantitative measurements and high-frequency edge information, and (2) HYPR-NLM is robust with respect to parameter selection.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by Physics in Medicine and Biology
Analysis and Optimisation of Periodic Interface Textures in Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Lipovsek, B.
name: Cvek, M.
name: Campa, A.
name: Krc, J.
name: Topic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3120-3123
description: In thin-film silicon solar cells, textured interfaces are introduced to improve light trapping and boost
the conversion efficiency. In this work, two-dimensional numerical analysis based on the finite element method is
employed to determine the optimal periodic texturisation that can be fabricated on plastic or steel substrate foils. The
texturisation is optimised for amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H), and tandem micromorph
(a-Si:H/μc-Si:H) solar cells. Different shapes of periodic features are analysed (rectangular, triangular, sine and Ulike),
and their lateral and vertical parameters are varied in the optimisation. Simulation results show that optimised
periodic textures introduce efficient scattering of long-wavelength light and a pronounced anti-reflective behaviour at
shorter wavelengths. While smaller texture features (around 300 nm) are desired for a-Si:H cells, larger features
(around 1000 nm) are beneficial for μc-Si:H and micromorph solar cells. Compared to solar cells deposited on flat
substrates, up to 31.6 % (a-Si:H cell; absorber thickness 200 nm) and 36.0 % (i-μc-Si:H cell; absorber thickness 1.2
μm) higher photocurrent can be achieved through optimal substrate texturisation.
title: Human Perception of Robots in Public Spaces: A Comparison between Virtual and Augmented Reality
Creators: name: Huhn, Calvin
name: Tluk, Niklas
name: Säger, Mitja
name: Schweidler, Paul
name: Geiger, Christian
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: This paper explores the perception of robots in public spaces through Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) simu- lations. As robots become increasingly integrated into daily life, understanding how the public perceives them is crucial for their successful deployment. This study aims to compare the effective- ness of VR and AR in simulating public spaces to study these per- ceptions. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted surveys and interviews within VR and AR settings to gather quantitative and qualitative data on participants’ attitudes and reactions toward robots. Our findings reveal significant differences in perception be- tween the two simulation methods, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each. The study provides insights into the implica- tions of robotics in public spaces and offers recommendations for future research and practical applications.
title: ProjectVerse: Making VR Research Visible in VR
Creators: name: Lautenbach, Tom
name: Podkosova, Iana
name: Kaufmann, Hannes
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: In the field of Virtual Reality (VR) research, accessibility and effective understanding of applications and findings are significant challenges. Traditional academic publications are limited in conveying actual impressions that take place in VR. ProjectVerse addresses this by providing a browser-based VR platform utilizing WebXR technology to host and provide access to VR experiences developed in the course of research projects. This platform is aimed at the general public, students and researchers, and allows them to engage with VR applications directly within their web browsers without the need for additional downloads or installations. ProjectVerse is a multi-user system, enabling collaborative exploration and discussion through avatars and voice chat. Our evaluation indicates that ProjectVerse enhances user engagement in and comprehension of VR research projects. This paper discusses the design, implemen- tation, and assessment of ProjectVerse, showcasing its potential to improve the accessibility and understanding of VR research.
title: GodotTD: Adapting a Lightweight Open-Source Game Engine for Immersive Tiled Displays
Creators: name: Richter, Florian
name: Jung, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: The presentation of interactive 3D content on immersive tiled dis- plays requires specialized software solutions. Multiple challenges need to be overcome such as synchronization of a multitude of distributed clients, display calibration and integration of tracking de- vices. Previous software solutions are mostly built on top of open source scene graph libraries or by utilizing commercial game engines like Unity and Unreal. This contribution presents GodotTD, an adaption of the multi-platform Godot game engine for tiled dis- plays. The Godot engine is open source, very lightweight in terms of resource demands while offering modern, appealing visuals. Although the development of GodotTD is an ongoing effort, it has reached a level of maturity where it is regularly being used in a variety of scientific and academic applications.
title: Floor Plan Generation for Simple Polygons with Support for Holes
Creators: name: Lerm, Julius
name: Schwandt, Tobias
name: Broll, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: This paper presents an algorithm for the real-time, automatic generation of a house floor plan and a 3D model for a given silhouette. In contrast to the most common variants to date, floor plans can be created for any outline shape, including holes. Starting from initial room points, the walls between the individual rooms are gradually created, straightened and simplified until a credible floor plan is created. A suitable room distribution algorithm ensures that the generated room divisions are uniform. Depending on the division and size distribution of the rooms, different house types (e.g. apartments or retail stores) can be generated. The results show that the generation of floor plans into a given shape can be reduced to the distribution of initial spatial points. Placed interior walls often use existing edges and corners and follow existing geometries. With a clever distribution of room points, any number of credible floor plans can be generated in realtime.
title: Make Me Run: The Effects of an Immersive Learning Experience on Physical Running Exercise
Creators: name: Ertugrul, Nazife
name: Kruse, Lucie
name: Steinicke, Frank
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Regular physical activity is crucial for physical and mental health, but many people do not meet the recommendations of the World Health Organization for physical activity due to lack of motivation and time constraints. This exploratory study aims to examine how an immersive learning experience using Virtual Reality (VR) affects running behavior, compared to a traditional approach that uses presentation slides. The results of our study indicate an increase in exercise enjoyment among active participants, with three participants even starting new workout routines in the week after the study. Approximately 60% of participants expressed a preference for the immersive intervention in VR due to its interactive 3D models. Moreover, VR was observed to enhance the feeling of flow during the running exercise in comparison to the 2D slides. Nonetheless, no statistically significant differences were detected in immediate enjoyment of physical activity, intrinsic motivation, or knowledge retention. This paper provides first insights into the effect of a VR learning intervention on sports behavior and points out future research directions.
title: Vergleich von Neural Radiance Fields und Photogrammetrie für 3D-Asset Creation
Creators: name: Kruse, Leo
name: Langbehn, Eike
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Mit Photogrammetrie lassen sich aus Fotos oder Videos auto- matisch detailgetreue und texturierte 3D-Meshes generieren. Ob Neural Radiance Fields ebenfalls qualitativ gleichwertige oder bes- sere 3D-Meshes produzieren, wird in dieser Studie u ̈berpru ̈ft. Fu ̈r eine Beurteilung werden beide Verfahren mit einem selbstangefer- tigten Luft-/Nahbild Datensatz durchgefu ̈hrt und miteinander ver- glichen. Die Polygon-Meshes der Methoden werden mit spezieller Software analysiert und auf ihre Oberflächenstruktur und Textur geprüft. Die Auswertung der beiden Rekonstruktionsverfahren zeigt, dass die subjektiven Beurteilungen der Meshes mit den objektiven Messergebnissen grundsa ̈tzlich vergleichbar sind. Allerdings bleiben die 3D-Meshes der Photogrammetrie-Software qualitativ und quantitativ hochwertiger und unkomplizierter in ihrer Erzeugung.
Laser Assisted Texturing for Thin and Highly Efficient Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Thorstensen, J.
name: Foss, S.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1628-1631
description: A method for creating surface textures based on <111> planes on monocrystalline silicon has been
developed, using laser openings in a SiNx etch mask followed by a KOH etch. Both inverted pyramids and patch
textures with good area coverage have been successfully demonstrated, with feature sizes of 15 – 50 μm, and an area
coverage of 94 % and 76 % for patch structures and inverted pyramid structures respectively, as estimated by
reflectance measurements and ray-tracing simulations.
Solar Radiation and Uncertainty Information of Meteonorm 7
Creators: name: Remund, J.
name: Müller, S.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4388-4390
description: The solar radiation database and software meteonorm is widely used for PV simulation. Version 7
appears in November 2011. This article shows the news concerning the solar radiation database as well as the
uncertainty and trend information. Uncertainty of the yearly values of global, direct normal radiation as well as
radiation on inclined planes is given. The variation of uncertainty throughout the world is quite big. The uncertainty
of the ground measurements ranges between 2 and 10%. The uncertainty of the DNI and the radiation on inclined
planes is depending on the uncertainty of the global radiation. Typically the uncertainty of the DNI is twice as high as
the global radiation and ranges between 4 and 15%.
A Wide-Field Camera and Fully Remote Operations at the Wyoming Infrared Observatory
Creators: name: Findlay, Joseph R.
name: Kobulnicky, Henry A.
name: Weger, James S.
name: Bucher, Gerald A.
name: Perry, Marvin C.
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Pierce, Michael J.
name: Vogel, Conrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upgrades at the 2.3 meter Wyoming Infrared Observatory telescope have provided the capability for fully-remote operations by a single operator from the University of Wyoming campus. A line-of-sight 300 Megabit/s 11 GHz radio link provides high-speed internet for data transfer and remote operations that include several real-time video feeds. Uninterruptable power is ensured by a 10 kVA battery supply for critical systems and a 55 kW autostart diesel generator capable of running the entire observatory for up to a week. Construction of a new four-element prime-focus corrector with fused-silica elements allows imaging over a 40' field-of-view with a new 4096x4096 UV-sensitive prime-focus camera and filter wheel. A new telescope control system facilitates the remote operations model and provides 20'' rms pointing over the usable sky. Taken together, these improvements pave the way for a new generation of sky surveys supporting space-based missions and flexible-cadence observations advancing emerging astrophysical priorities such as planet detection, quasar variability, and long-term time-domain campaigns.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures
Influence of Initial Power Stabilization over PV Modules Maximum Power
Creators: name: Muñoz-García, M.A.
name: Silva, J.P.
name: Chenlo, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3464-3467
description: Measurements that suppliers offer in flash lists, unfortunately do not always fit the actual power
measured in independent laboratories like CIEMAT. In fact, independent measurements usually appear lower than
those printed in the label and sometimes a value beyond the allowed tolerance pointed by the manufacturer in the
same label. In addition, a valuable power reduction has been reported when Standard IEC - EN 50380 is applied
(according to this, PV module must be exposed to sunlight more than 20kWh/m2 previously to performing the
measurement), crystalline PV modules usually decrease its power around 1%, but descends greater than 4 % have
also been reported. These power losses are only detected after the mentioned power stabilization.