cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Why do M dwarfs have more transiting planets?
Creators: name: Mulders, Gijs D.
name: Drążkowska, Joanna
name: van der Marel, Nienke
name: Ciesla, Fred J.
name: Pascucci, Ilaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a planet formation scenario to explain the elevated occurrence rates of transiting planets around M dwarfs compared to sun-like stars discovered by Kepler. We use a pebble drift and accretion model to simulate the growth of planet cores inside and outside of the snow line. A smaller pebble size interior to the snow line delays the growth of super-Earths, allowing giant planet cores in the outer disk to form first. When those giant planets reach pebble isolation mass they cut off the flow of pebbles to the inner disk and prevent the formation of close-in super-Earths. We apply this model to stars with masses between 0.1 and 2 solar mass and for a range of initial disk masses. We find that the masses of hot super-Earths and of cold giant planets are anti-correlated. The fraction of our simulations that form hot super-Earths is higher around lower-mass stars and matches the exoplanet occurrence rates from Kepler. The fraction of simulations forming cold giant planets is consistent with the stellar mass dependence from radial velocity surveys. A key testable prediction of the pebble accretion hypothesis is that the occurrence rates of super-Earths should decrease again for M dwarfs near the sub-stellar boundary like Trappist-1.
description: Published in ApJ Letters
A Novel Multimodal Biometric Authentication System using Machine Learning and Blockchain
Creators: name: Brown, Richard
name: Bendiab, Gueltoum
name: Shiaeles, Stavros
name: Ghita, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional authentication systems that rely on simple passwords, PIN numbers or tokens have many security issues, like easily guessed passwords, PIN numbers written on the back of cards, etc. Thus, biometric authentication methods that rely on physical and behavioural characteristics have been proposed as an alternative for those systems. In real-world applications, authentication systems that involve a single biometric faced many issues, especially lack of accuracy and noisy data, which boost the research community to create multibiometric systems that involve a variety of biometrics. Those systems provide better performance and higher accuracy compared to other authentication methods. However, most of them are inconvenient and requires complex interactions from the user. Thus, in this paper, we introduce a novel multimodal authentication system that relies on machine learning and blockchain, with the aim of providing a more secure, transparent, and convenient authentication mechanism. The proposed system combines four important biometrics, fingerprint, face, age, and gender. The supervised learning algorithm Decision Tree has been used to combine the results of the biometrics verification process and produce a confidence level related to the user. The initial experimental results show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed multimodal systems.
Peaked sources and narrow-line Seyfert 1s: a love story
Creators: name: Berton, Marco
name: Järvelä, Emilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first similarities between peaked sources (PS) and narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies were noticed already twenty years ago. Nowadays, it is known that several sources can share both classifications, and that part of the parent population of $γ$-ray emitting NLS1s could be hiding among PS. In this brief review, we describe how and why this orientation-based unification was developed. We also show how the recent discovery of absorbed radio jets in NLS1s, basically invisible at frequencies below 10 GHz, could impact our knowledge of PS and, in particular, render the widely used radio-loudness parameter obsolete.
description: 4 pages, accepted for publication on Astronomische Nachrichten, Special Issue "6th Workshop on Compact Steep-Spectrum and GHz-peaked spectrum radio sources"
Adaptive space-time BEM for the heat equation
Creators: name: Gantner, Gregor
name: van Venetië, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the space-time boundary element method (BEM) for the heat equation with prescribed initial and Dirichlet data. We propose a residual-type a posteriori error estimator that is a lower bound and, up to weighted $L_2$-norms of the residual, also an upper bound for the unknown BEM error. The possibly locally refined meshes are assumed to be prismatic, i.e., their elements are tensor-products $J\times K$ of elements in time $J$ and space $K$. While the results do not depend on the local aspect ratio between time and space, assuming the scaling $|J| \eqsim {\rm diam}(K)^2$ for all elements and using Galerkin BEM, the estimator is shown to be efficient and reliable without the additional $L_2$-terms. In the considered numerical experiments on two-dimensional domains in space, the estimator seems to be equivalent to the error, independently of these assumptions. In particular for adaptive anisotropic refinement, both converge with the best possible convergence rate.
SpatialViewer: A Remote Work Sharing Tool that Considers Intimacy Among Workers
Creators: name: Li, Sicheng
name: Makioka, Yudai
name: Kobayashi, Kyousuke
name: Xie, Haoran
name: Takashima, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the influence of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), teleworking has been expanding rapidly. Although existing interactive remote working systems are convenient, they do not allow users to adjust their spatial distance to team members at will, %"Arbitrarily" is probably not the best word here. It means without apparent reason. A better expression might be "at will." and they ignore the discomfort caused by different levels of intimacy. To solve this issue, we propose a telework support system using spatial augmented reality technology. This system calibrates the space in which videos are projected with real space and adjusts the spatial distance between users by changing the position of projections. Users can switch the projection position of the video using hand-wave gestures. We also synchronize audio according to distance to further emphasize the sense of space within the remote interaction: the distance between projection position and user is inversely proportional to the audio volume. We conducted a telework experiment and a questionnaire survey to evaluate our system. The results show that the system enables users to adjust distance according to intimacy and thus improve the users' comfort.
description: Proceedings of HCII 2021. 12 pages, 6 figures
Eusterinx obscurella FORSTER 1871
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Eusterinx
Eusterinx obscurella

description: Eusterinx obscurella FÖRSTER, 1871
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 2: 1♀ 20.v.-1.vi.; trap 7: 4♀♀ 23.iv.-5.v., 1♀ 29.vi.-13.vii., 1♀ 5-19.x.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Transpalaearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10415120
Protoplanet Collisions: Statistical Properties of Ejecta
Creators: name: Crespi, Samuele
name: Dobbs-Dixon, Ian
name: Georgakarakos, Nikolaos
name: Haghighipour, Nader
name: Maindl, Thomas I.
name: Schäfer, Christoph M.
name: Winter, Philip Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The last phase of the formation of rocky planets is dominated by collisions among Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Simulations of this phase need to handle the difficulty of including the post-impact material without saturating the numerical integrator. A common approach is to include the collision-generated material by clustering it into few bodies with the same mass and uniformly scattering them around the collision point. However, this approach oversimplifies the properties of the collision material by neglecting features that can play important roles in the final structure and composition of the system. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of the orbital architecture, mass, and size distributions of the material generated through embryo-embryo collisions and show how they can be used to develop a model that can be directly incorporated into the numerical integrations. For instance, results of our analysis indicate that the masses of the fragments follow an exponential distribution with an exponent of $-2.21\pm0.17$ over the range of $10^{-7}$ to $2\times 10^{-2}$ Earth-masses. The distribution of the post-impact velocities show that a large number of fragments are scattered toward the central star. The latter is a new finding that may be quite relevant to the delivery of material from the outer regions of the asteroid belt to the accretion zones of terrestrial planets. Finally, we present an analytical model for the 2D distribution of fragments that can be directly incorporated into numerical integrations.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Deep learning framework for carbon nanotubes: mechanical properties and modeling strategies
Creators: name: Canadija, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensile tests at room temperature are performed using molecular dynamics on all configurations of single-walled carbon nanotubes up to 4 nm in diameter. Distributions of the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, ultimate tensile strength and fracture strain are determined and reported. The results show that the chirality of the nanotube has the greatest influence on the properties. An artificial neural network is developed for the dataset obtained by molecular dynamics and used to predict the mechanical properties. It is clearly shown that Deep Learning provides accurate predictions, with the further advantage that thermal fluctuations are smoothed out. In addition, a through analysis of the effect of dataset size on prediction quality is performed, providing modeling strategies for further researchers.
Novel Model of an Ultra-stripped Supernova Progenitor of a Double Neutron Star
Creators: name: Jiang, Long
name: Tauris, Thomas M.
name: Chen, Wen-Cong
name: Fuller, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent discoveries of double neutron star (DNS) mergers and ultra-stripped supernovae (SNe) raise the questions of their origin and connection. We present the first 1D~model of a DNS progenitor system which is calculated self-consistently until an ultra-stripped iron core collapse. We apply the \texttt{MESA} code starting from a post-common envelope binary consisting of a $1.35\;M_\odot$ NS and a $3.20\;M_\odot$ zero-age main-sequence helium star and continue the modelling via Case~BB Roche-lobe overflow until the infall velocity of the collapsing iron core exceeds $1000\;{\rm km\,s}^{-1}$. The exploding star has a total mass of $\sim 1.90\;M_\odot$, consisting of a $\sim 0.29\;M_\odot$ He-rich envelope embedding a CO core of $\sim 1.61\;M_\odot$ and an iron-rich core of $\sim 1.50\;M_\odot$. The resulting second-born NS has an estimated mass of $\sim 1.44\;M_\odot$ and we discuss the fate of the post-SN system, as well as the mild recycling of the first-born NS. Depending on the initial conditions, this family of systems is anticipated to reproduce the DNS mergers detected by the LIGO-network.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, ApJL in press
Optimizing Neural Networks with Gradient Lexicase Selection
Creators: name: Ding, Li
name: Spector, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One potential drawback of using aggregated performance measurement in machine learning is that models may learn to accept higher errors on some training cases as compromises for lower errors on others, with the lower errors actually being instances of overfitting. This can lead to both stagnation at local optima and poor generalization. Lexicase selection is an uncompromising method developed in evolutionary computation, which selects models on the basis of sequences of individual training case errors instead of using aggregated metrics such as loss and accuracy. In this paper, we investigate how lexicase selection, in its general form, can be integrated into the context of deep learning to enhance generalization. We propose Gradient Lexicase Selection, an optimization framework that combines gradient descent and lexicase selection in an evolutionary fashion. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the generalization performance of various widely-used deep neural network architectures across three image classification benchmarks. Additionally, qualitative analysis suggests that our method assists networks in learning more diverse representations. Our source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/ld-ing/gradient-lexicase.
description: ICLR 2022
Imaging results from the legacy GMRT Galaxy Cluster Key Project
Creators: name: George, Lijo T.
name: Kale, Ruta
name: Wadadekar, Yogesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used archival GMRT data to image and study 39 galaxy clusters. These observations were made as part of the GMRT Key Project on galaxy clusters between 2001 and 2004. The observations presented in this sample include 14 observations at 610 MHz, 29 at 325 MHz and 3 at 244 MHz covering a redshift range of 0.02 to 0.62. Multi-frequency observations were made for 8 clusters. We analysed the clusters using the SPAM processing software and detected the presence of radio halo emission for the first time in the clusters RXC J0510-0801 and RXC J2211.7-0349. We also confirmed the presence of extended emission in 11 clusters which were known from the literature. In clusters where halos were not detected upper limits were placed using our own semi-automated program. We plot our detections and non-detections on the empirical $L_X-P_{1.4}$ and $M_{500}-P_{1.4}$ relation in radio halo clusters and discuss the results. The best fits follow a power law of the form $L_{500} \propto P_{1.4}^{1.82}$ and $M_{500} \propto P_{1.4}^{3.001}$ which is in accordance with the best estimates in the literature.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, accepted in MNRAS (2021 August 6)
Versa: A Dataflow-Centric Multiprocessor with 36 Systolic ARM Cortex-M4F Cores and a Reconfigurable Crossbar-Memory Hierarchy in 28nm
Creators: name: Kim, Sung
name: Fayazi, Morteza
name: Daftardar, Alhad
name: Chen, Kuan-Yu
name: Tan, Jielun
name: Pal, Subhankar
name: Ajayi, Tutu
name: Xiong, Yan
name: Mudge, Trevor
name: Chakrabarti, Chaitali
name: Blaauw, David
name: Dreslinski, Ronald
name: Kim, Hun-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present Versa, an energy-efficient processor with 36 systolic ARM Cortex-M4F cores and a runtime-reconfigurable memory hierarchy. Versa exploits algorithm-specific characteristics in order to optimize bandwidth, access latency, and data reuse. Measured on a set of kernels with diverse data access, control, and synchronization characteristics, reconfiguration between different Versa modes yields median energy-efficiency improvements of 11.6x and 37.2x over mobile CPU and GPU baselines, respectively.
description: Published at the Symposium on VLSI Circuits, 2021. Paper C9-4
QCD factorization for chiral-odd parton quasi- and pseudo-distributions
Creators: name: Braun, Vladimir M.
name: Ji, Yao
name: Vladimirov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study chiral-odd quark-antiquark correlation functions suitable for lattice calculations of twist-three nucleon parton distribution functions $h_L(x)$ and $e(x)$, and also the twist-two transversity distribution $δq(x)$. The corresponding factorized expressions are derived in terms of the twist-two and twist-three collinear distributions to one-loop accuracy. The results are presented both in position space, as the factorization theorem for Ioffe-time distributions, and in momentum space, for quasi- and pseudo-distributions. We demonstrate that the twist-two part of the $h_L$ quasi(pseudo)-distribution can be separated from the twist-three part by virtue of an exact Jaffe-Ji-like relation.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure
Further developments of a multi-phase transport model for relativistic nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Lin, Zi-Wei
name: Zheng, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multi-phase transport (AMPT) model was constructed as a self-contained kinetic theory-based description of relativistic nuclear collisions as it contains four main components: the fluctuating initial condition, a parton cascade, hadronization, and a hadron cascade. Here, we review the main developments after the first public release of the AMPT source code in 2004 and the corresponding publication that described the physics details of the model at that time. We also discuss possible directions for future developments of the AMPT model to better study the properties of the dense matter created in relativistic collisions of small or large systems.
description: 31 pages, 20 figures
NUS-IDS at FinCausal 2021: Dependency Tree in Graph Neural Network for Better Cause-Effect Span Detection
Creators: name: Tan, Fiona Anting
name: Ng, See-Kiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic identification of cause-effect spans in financial documents is important for causality modelling and understanding reasons that lead to financial events. To exploit the observation that words are more connected to other words with the same cause-effect type in a dependency tree, we construct useful graph embeddings by incorporating dependency relation features through a graph neural network. Our model builds on a baseline BERT token classifier with Viterbi decoding, and outperforms this baseline in cross-validation and during the competition. In the official run of FinCausal 2021, we obtained Precision, Recall, and F1 scores of 95.56%, 95.56% and 95.57% that all ranked 1st place, and an Exact Match score of 86.05% which ranked 3rd place.
Machine learning for surface prediction in ACTS
Creators: name: Huth, Benjamin
name: Salzburger, Andreas
name: Wettig, Tilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an ongoing R&D activity for machine-learning-assisted navigation through detectors to be used for track reconstruction. We investigate different approaches of training neural networks for surface prediction and compare their results. This work is carried out in the context of the ACTS tracking toolkit.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of vCHEP 2021
Modeling the MgI from the NUV to MIR: I. The Solar Case
Creators: name: Peralta, J. I.
name: Vieytes, M. C.
name: Mendez, A. M. P.
name: Mitnik, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semi-empirical models of the solar atmosphere are used to study the radiative environment of any planet in our solar system. There is a need for reliable atomic data for neutral atoms and ions in the atmosphere to obtain improved calculated spectra. Atomic parameters are crucial to computing the correct population of elements through the whole stellar atmosphere. Although there is a very good agreement between the observed and calculated spectra for the Sun, there is still a mismatch in several spectral ranges due to the lack of atomic data and its inaccuracies, particularly for neutrals like Mg I. To correctly represent many spectral lines of Mg I from the near-UV to the mid-IR is necessary to add and update the atomic data involved in the atomic processes that drive their formation. The improvements to the Mg I atomic model are as follows: i) 127 strong lines, including their broadening data, were added. ii) To obtain these lines, we increased from 26 to 85 the number of energy levels. iii) Photoionization cross-section parameters were added and updated. iv) Effective Collision Strengths (ECS) parameters were updated for the first 25 levels using the existing data from the convergent close-coupling (CCC) calculations. One of the most significant changes in our model is given by the new ECS parameters for transitions involving levels between 26 and 54, which were computed with a multi-configuration Breit-Pauli distorted-wave (DW) method. More than one hundred transitions were added to our calculations, increasing our capability of reproducing important features observed in the solar spectra. We found a remarkable improvement in matching the solar spectra for wavelengths higher than 3 um when our new DW ECS data was used in the model.
Observing two-photon subwavelength interference of broadband chaotic light in polarization-selective Michelson interferometer
Creators: name: Luo, Sheng
name: Zhou, Yu
name: Zheng, Huaibin
name: Xu, Wanting
name: Liu, Jianbin
name: Chen, Hui
name: He, Yuchen
name: Zhang, Shuanghao
name: Li, Fuli
name: Xu, Zhuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differing from the traditional method of achieving subwavelength interference, we have demonstrated the two-photon subwavelength interference effect of broadband chaotic light in a polarization-selective Michelson interferometer with an ultrafast two-photon absorption detector the first time, which is achieved by manipulating two-photon probability amplitudes involved in the interference. In theory, the two-photon polarization coherence matrix and probability amplitudes matrix are combined to develop polarized two-photon interference terms, which explains the experimental results well. In order to make better use of this interferometer to produce the subwavelength effect, we also make a series of error analyses to find out the relationship between the visibility and the degree of polarization error. Our experimental and theoretical results are helpful to understand the two-photon subwavelength interference, which sheds light on the development of the two-photon interference theory of vector light field based on quantum mechanics. These experimental results may help to develop future optical interferometry, optical polarimetry, and subwavelength lithography.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Gnathochorisis crassulus
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Gnathochorisis
Gnathochorisis crassulus

description: Gnathochorisis crassulus (THOMSON, 1888)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 2: 2♀♀ 7-21.ix.; trap 4: 1♀ 7-21.ix.; trap 7: 1♀ 5-20.v., 1♀ 1-13.vi., 1♀ 13-27.vii., 1♀ 10-24.viii.; trap 12: 2♀♀ 20.v.-1.vi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Holarctic, known from Georgia (HUMALA 2003).
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10415120
Application of the constituent quark exchange model to the parton distributions and the EMC ratios of $^{12}C$ and $^{14}N$ nuclei
Creators: name: Hadian, A.
name: Modarres, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark exchange model (QEM) is reformulated for the $A=12$ and $14$ systems to obtain the constituent quark distributions of $^{12}C$ and $^{14}N$ nuclei, respectively. Afterwards, the different types of the point-like parton distribution functions (PDFs), i.e., the valence quarks, the sea quarks and the gluons, are extracted from the constituent quark model (CQM), at the hadronic scale $Q_0^2=0.34$ $GeV^2$ to generate the constituent quark exchange model (CQEM = QEM $\oplus$ CQM) PDFs. From the resulted PDFs, the structure functions and the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) ratios of the above-mentioned nuclei at the appropriate hadronic scale are calculated. To make our results more comparable with the available experimental data, we evolve the PDFs, by using the standard DGALP evolution equations, to the higher hard scales. Subsequently, the EMC ratios of $^{12}C$ and $^{14}N$ nuclei at the some higher energy scales, corresponding to the scales of available data, are calculated, at the leading (LO) and the next-to-leading (NLO) orders of pQCD. By doing so, it is observed that the EMC ratios do not significantly depend on the hard scale $Q^2$, and the outcomes are consistent with the various experimental data such as HERMES, BCDMS, JLab, SLAC, NMC, and EMC. Especially, in the mid-range of Bjorken $x$ values, the results are so desirable. Like our previous works for the $^4He$ and $^6Li$ nuclei, we again observe that at a fixed scale $Q^2$, the LO and the NLO EMC ratios with high precision are approximately the same. Therefore, one can conclude that at a given hard scale, the LO approximation is good enough for calculating the EMC ratios of light nuclei.
Hinode Observations of Magnetic Elements in Internetwork Areas
Creators: name: de Wijn, A. G.
name: Lites, B. W.
name: Berger, T. E.
name: Frank, Z. A.
name: Tarbell, T. D.
name: Ishikawa, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use sequences of images and magnetograms from Hinode to study magnetic elements in internetwork parts of the quiet solar photosphere. Visual inspection shows the existence of many long-lived (several hours) structures that interact frequently, and may migrate over distances ~7 Mm over a period of a few hours. About a fifth of the elements have an associated bright point in G-band or Ca II H intensity. We apply a hysteresis-based algorithm to identify elements. The algorithm is able to track elements for about 10 min on average. Elements intermittently drop below the detection limit, though the associated flux apparently persists and often reappears some time later. We infer proper motions of elements from their successive positions, and find that they obey a Gaussian distribution with an rms of 1.57+-0.08 km/s. The apparent flows indicate a bias of about 0.2 km/s toward the network boundary. Elements of negative polarity show a higher bias than elements of positive polarity, perhaps as a result of to the dominant positive polarity of the network in the field of view, or because of increased mobility due to their smaller size. A preference for motions in X is likely explained by higher supergranular flow in that direction. We search for emerging bipoles by grouping elements of opposite polarity that appear close together in space and time. We find no evidence supporting Joy's law at arcsecond scales.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures
Set-Rationalizable Choice and Self-Stability
Creators: name: Brandt, Felix
name: Harrenstein, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A common assumption in modern microeconomic theory is that choice should be rationalizable via a binary preference relation, which \citeauthor{Sen71a} showed to be equivalent to two consistency conditions, namely $α$ (contraction) and $γ$ (expansion). Within the context of \emph{social} choice, however, rationalizability and similar notions of consistency have proved to be highly problematic, as witnessed by a range of impossibility results, among which Arrow's is the most prominent. Since choice functions select \emph{sets} of alternatives rather than single alternatives, we propose to rationalize choice functions by preference relations over sets (set-rationalizability). We also introduce two consistency conditions, $\hatα$ and $\hatγ$, which are defined in analogy to $α$ and $γ$, and find that a choice function is set-rationalizable if and only if it satisfies $\hatα$. Moreover, a choice function satisfies $\hatα$ and $\hatγ$ if and only if it is \emph{self-stable}, a new concept based on earlier work by \citeauthor{Dutt88a}. The class of self-stable social choice functions contains a number of appealing Condorcet extensions such as the minimal covering set and the essential set.
description: 20 pages, 2 figure, changed content
Where Cold Quasars Fit In AGN Feedback
Creators: name: Cooke, Kevin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The transition that massive galaxies undergo between their blue, star-formation dominated youth to their red, quiescence observed today is only partially understood, with modern models requiring the blow out of cold gas by an active galactic nucleus (AGN). One phase of this transition that is difficult to observe is when the AGN is actively accreting, but its luminous output has yet to disperse the cold gas supply of the host galaxy. We have identified a population of these rare objects, classified as `cold quasars', that enable us to better understand the dust and star-formation properties of this critical phase. Found in the Stripe82X field, these first cold quasars are identified through X-ray, B-band, and FIR detections combined with broad emission lines in their optical spectra. These unobscured quasars are observed to host emission line and FIR fluxes consistent with starburst galaxies hosting hundreds of solar masses per year in star formation. In this talk, we present new SOFIA data constraining the FIR characteristics of a cold quasar at z = 0.405. We find that the accretion rate and star formation rate experienced by this object are consistent with the empirical black hole - stellar mass relation, indicating this could be in the early stages of an evolutionary path shared across the field. Future work on these rare objects will strongly benefit from the HST quality images provided by the large field surveys of Roman.
Cavity Continuum
Creators: name: Cheng, Fan
name: Shuvayev, Vladimir
name: Douvidzon, Mark
name: Deych, Lev
name: Carmon, Tal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate and numerically analyze large arrays of whispering gallery resonators. Using fluorescent mapping, we measure the spatial distribution of the cavity-ensemble's resonances, revealing that light reaches distant resonators in various ways, including while passing through dark gaps, resonator groups, or resonator lines. Energy spatially decays exponentially in the cavities. Our practically infinite periodic array of resonators, with a quality factor [Q] exceeding 10^7, might impact a new type of photonic ensembles for nonlinear optics and lasers using our cavity continuum that is distributed, while having high-Q resonators as unit cells.
Gnathochorisis meridionator
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Gnathochorisis
Gnathochorisis meridionator

description: Gnathochorisis meridionator (AUBERT, 1980)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap7: 1♀ 15-29.vi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Transpalaearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10415120
Certified Compilation of Financial Contracts
Creators: name: Annenkov, Danil
name: Elsman, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an extension to a certified financial contract management system that allows for templated declarative financial contracts and for integration with financial stochastic models through verified compilation into so-called payoff-expressions. Such expressions readily allow for determining the value of a contract in a given evaluation context, such as contexts created for stochastic simulations. The templating mechanism is useful both at the contract specification level, for writing generic reusable contracts, and for reuse of code that, without the templating mechanism, needs to be recompiled for different evaluation contexts. We report on the effect of using the certified system in the context of a GPGPU-based Monte Carlo simulation engine for pricing various over-the-counter (OTC) financial contracts. The full contract-management system, including the payoff-language compilation, is verified in the Coq proof assistant and certified Haskell code is extracted from our Coq development along with Futhark code for use in a data-parallel pricing engine.
description: Published: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (PPDP'18) Coq formalisation: https://github.com/annenkov/contracts
On the origin of the anomalous behaviour of 2+ excitation energies in the neutron-rich Cd isotopes
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Tomás R.
name: Egido, J. Luis
name: Jungclaus, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental results obtained using $β$ decay and isomer spectroscopy indicate an unusual behaviour of the energies of the first excited 2$^{+}$ states in neutron-rich Cd isotopes approaching the N=82 shell closure. To explain the unexpected trend, changes of the nuclear structure far-off stability have been suggested, namely a quenching of the N=82 shell gap already in $^{130}$Cd, only two proton holes away from doubly magic $^{132}$Sn. We study the behaviour of the 2$^+$ energies in the Cd isotopes from N=50 to N=82, i.e. across the entire span of a major neutron shell using modern beyond mean field techniques and the Gogny force. We demonstrate that the observed low 2$^+$ excitation energy in $^{128}$Cd close to the N=82 shell closure is a consequence of the doubly magic character of this nucleus for oblate deformation favoring thereby prolate configurations rather than spherical ones.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, to be publised in Phys. Lett. B
A bijection for covered maps, or a shortcut between Harer-Zagier's and Jackson's formulas
Creators: name: Bernardi, Olivier
name: Chapuy, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider maps on orientable surfaces. A map is called \emph{unicellular} if it has a single face. A \emph{covered map} is a map (of genus $g$) with a marked unicellular spanning submap (which can have any genus in $\{0,1,...,g\}$). Our main result is a bijection between covered maps with $n$ edges and genus $g$ and pairs made of a plane tree with $n$ edges and a unicellular bipartite map of genus $g$ with $n+1$ edges. In the planar case, covered maps are maps with a marked spanning tree and our bijection specializes into a construction obtained by the first author in \cite{OB:boisees}. Covered maps can also be seen as \emph{shuffles} of two unicellular maps (one representing the unicellular submap, the other representing the dual unicellular submap). Thus, our bijection gives a correspondence between shuffles of unicellular maps, and pairs made of a plane tree and a unicellular bipartite map. In terms of counting, this establishes the equivalence between a formula due to Harer and Zagier for general unicellular maps, and a formula due to Jackson for bipartite unicellular maps. We also show that the bijection of Bouttier, Di Francesco and Guitter \cite{BDFG:mobiles} (which generalizes a previous bijection by Schaeffer \cite{Schaeffer:these}) between bipartite maps and so-called well-labelled mobiles can be obtained as a special case of our bijection.
Quantum Trivelpiece-Gould waves in a magnetized dense plasma
Creators: name: Terças, H.
name: Mendonça, J. T.
name: Shukla, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersion relation for the electrostatic waves below the electron plasma frequency in a dense quantum plasma is derived by using the magnetohydrodynamic model. It is shown that in the classical case the dispersion relation reduces to the expression obtained for the well-known Trivelpiece-Gould (TG) modes. Attention is also devoted to the case of solitary waves associated with the nonlinear TG modes.
description: 8 pages, 0 figures
Anisotropic Hydrodynamics, Bulk Viscosities and R-Modes of Strange Quark Stars with Strong Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Huang, Xu-Guang
name: Huang, Mei
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
name: Sedrakian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In strong magnetic fields the transport coefficients of strange quark matter become anisotropic. We determine the general form of the complete set of transport coefficients in the presence of a strong magnetic field. By using a local linear response method, we calculate explicitly the bulk viscosities $\zperp$ and $\zpara$ transverse and parallel to the $B$-field respectively, which arise due to the non-leptonic weak processes $u+s\leftrightarrow u+d$. We find that for magnetic fields $B<10^{17}$ G, the dependence of $\zperp$ and $\zpara$ on the field is weak, and they can be approximated by the bulk viscosity for zero magnetic field. For fields $B>10^{18}$ G, the dependence of both $\zperp$ and $\zpara$ on the field is strong, and they exhibit de Haas-van Alphen-type oscillations. With increasing magnetic field, the amplitude of these oscillations increases, which eventually leads to negative $\zperp$ in some regions of parameter space. We show that the change of sign of $\zperp$ signals a hydrodynamic instability. As an application, we discuss the effects of the new bulk viscosities on the r-mode instability in rotating strange quark stars. We find that the instability region in strange quark stars is affected when the magnetic fields exceeds the value $B= 10^{17}$ G. For fields which are larger by an order of magnitude, the instability region is significantly enlarged, making magnetized strange stars more susceptible to $r$-mode instability than their unmagnetized counterparts.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures. Published version
Domain-Independent Disperse and Pick method for Robotic Grasping
Creators: name: Raj, Prem
name: Singhal, Aniruddha
name: Sanap, Vipul
name: Behera, L.
name: Sinha, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Picking unseen objects from clutter is a difficult problem because of the variability in objects (shape, size, and material) and occlusion due to clutter. As a result, it becomes difficult for grasping methods to segment the objects properly and they fail to singulate the object to be picked. This may result in grasp failure or picking of multiple objects together in a single attempt. A push-to-move action by the robot will be beneficial to disperse the objects in the workspace and thus assist the grasping and vision algorithm. We propose a disperse and pick method for domain-independent robotic grasping in a highly cluttered heap of objects. The novel contribution of our framework is the introduction of a heuristic clutter removal method that does not require deep learning and can work on unseen objects. At each iteration of the algorithm, the robot either performs a push-to-move action or a grasp action based on the estimated clutter profile. For grasp planning, we present an improved and adaptive version of a recent domain-independent grasping method. The efficacy of the integrated system is demonstrated in simulation as well as in the real-world.
description: Published at 2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Enhancing the Study of Quantal Exocytotic Events: Combining Diamond Multi-Electrode Arrays with Amperometric PEak Analysis (APE) an Automated Analysis Code
Creators: name: Tomagra, Giulia
name: Re, Alice
name: Varzi, Veronica
name: Aprà, Pietro
name: Britel, Adam
name: Franchino, Claudio
name: Sturari, Sofia
name: Amine, Nour-Hanne
name: Westerink, Remco H. S.
name: Carabelli, Valentina
name: Picollo, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MicroGraphited-Diamond-Multi Electrode Arrays (μG-D-MEAs) can be successfully used to reveal, in real time, quantal exocytotic events occurring from many individual neurosecretory cells and/or from many neurons within a network. As μG-D-MEAs arrays are patterned with up to 16 sensing microelectrodes, each of them recording large amounts of data revealing the exocytotic activity, the aim of this work was to support an adequate analysis code to speed up the signal detection. The cutting-edge technology of microGraphited-Diamond-Multi Electrode Arrays (μG-D-MEAs) has been implemented with an automated analysis code (APE, Amperometric Peak Analysis) developed using Matlab R2022a software to provide easy and accurate detection of amperometric spike parameters, including the analysis of the pre-spike foot that sometimes precedes the complete fusion pore dilatation. Data have been acquired from cultured PC12 cells, either collecting events during spontaneous exocytosis or after L-DOPA incubation. Validation of the APE code was performed by comparing the acquired spike parameters with those obtained using Quanta Analysis (Igor macro) by Mosharov et al.
Two-Photon, Two-gluon and Radiative Decays of Heavy Flavoured Mesons
Creators: name: Parmar, Arpit
name: Patel, Bhavin
name: Vinodkumar, P C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present the two-photon and two-gluon decay widths of the S-wave ($η_{Q\in c,b}$) and P-wave ($χ_{Q\in c,bJ}$) charmonium and bottonium states and the radiative transition decay widths of $c\bar c$, $b\bar b$ and $c\bar b$ systems based on Coulomb plus power form of the inter-quark potential ($CPP_ν$) with exponent $ν$. The Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation is solved numerically for different choices of the exponent $ν$. We employ the masses of different states and their radial wave functions obtained from the study to compute the two-photon and two-gluon decay widths and the E1 and M1 radiative transitions. It is found that the quarkonia mass spectra and the E1 transition can be described by the same interquark model potential of the $CPP_ν$ with $ν=1.0$ for $c\bar c$ and $ν=0.7$ for $b\bar b$ systems, while the M1 transition (at which the spin of the system changes) and the decay rates in the annihilation channel of quarkonia are better estimated by a shallow potential with $ν<1.0$.
description: 27 Pages, 8 figures
Rotational Augmented Noise2Inverse for Low-dose Computed Tomography Reconstruction
Creators: name: Xu, Hang
name: Perelli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.4.5; J.3
subject: 92C55, 94A08

description: In this work, we present a novel self-supervised method for Low Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) reconstruction. Reducing the radiation dose to patients during a CT scan is a crucial challenge since the quality of the reconstruction highly degrades because of low photons or limited measurements. Supervised deep learning methods have shown the ability to remove noise in images but require accurate ground truth which can be obtained only by performing additional high-radiation CT scans. Therefore, we propose a novel self-supervised framework for LDCT, in which ground truth is not required for training the convolutional neural network (CNN). Based on the Noise2Inverse (N2I) method, we enforce in the training loss the equivariant property of rotation transformation, which is induced by the CT imaging system, to improve the quality of the CT image in a lower dose. Numerical and experimental results show that the reconstruction accuracy of N2I with sparse views is degrading while the proposed rotational augmented Noise2Inverse (RAN2I) method keeps better image quality over a different range of sampling angles. Finally, the quantitative results demonstrate that RAN2I achieves higher image quality compared to N2I, and experimental results of RAN2I on real projection data show comparable performance to supervised learning.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted manuscript in IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences