cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised methods for CNN based classification of multispectral imagery
Creators: name: Bihler, Manuel
name: Zhou, Jiachen
name: Heizmann, Michael
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: Artificial intelligence
image processing
multispectral images
semi-supervised learning
CNN
consistency regularization
parameter reduction

description: Abstract Deep Convolutional neuronal networks, with their recent increase in performance, have become one of the standard techniques for RGB image classification. Due to a lack of large labeled datasets, this is not the case for multispectral image classification. To overcome this, we analyze the use of semi- supervised learning for the case of multispectral datasets. We use parameter reduction strategies to create small and efficient multispectral CNNs and combine these computationally efficient classifiers with semi-supervised learning methods. We choose the state-of-the-art semi-supervised methods MixMatch, ReMix-Match, FixMatch, and FlexMatch, to conduct experiments on the multispectral dataset EuroSAT. Additionally, we challenge this semi-supervised multispectral approach with a decreasing number of labeled images. We found that with only 15 labeled images per class, we can reach an accuracy above 80 %. If more labeled images are provided, the analyzed semi-supervised methods can even surpass basic supervised learning strategies.
title: Geochemical Characterization of the Mountain Home Geothermal System
Creators: name: Atkinson, Trevor Alex
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: The Mountain Home (MH) geothermal system of the western Snake River Plain (SRP) magmatic province was discovered in 2012 by the Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project. Artesian flowing water with a temperature of 150°C was encountered at a depth of 1745 m below ground surface (mbgs) and extensive mineralized fracture networks of pectolite-prehnite, calcite, and laumontite were discovered in the recovered core. The objectives of this study are to: 1) describe the thermal and compositional history of past geothermal fluids, and 2) compare these fluids to modern fluids in order to characterize the evolution of the MH geothermal system and the geothermal potential of the western SRP. Core observations, thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and Electron Microprobe analyses were performed in order to describe mineral parageneses of various alteration zones. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios along with temperatures of homogenization from fluid inclusions in hydrothermally precipitated calcite were measured along ~100 m of basalt core from 1709-1809 mbgs. The d13CPDB values in calcite range from -7.2 to -0.43 ‰ and d18OPDB values range between -20.5 and -15.9 ‰. An anomalous zone from 1722-1725 m depth displays a range in d13CPDB and d18OPDB of -1.9 to +0.88 ‰ and -17.1 to -8.1 ‰, respectively, suggesting non-equilibrium fractionation due to boiling. Carbon isotopic ratios suggest a mixture of deep-seated mantle derived and meteoric fluids. Fluid inclusion microthermometry has identified primary inclusions with trapping temperatures ranging from 168-368°C. A calcite-water geothermometer used to calculate paleo-fluid oxygen isotopic composition (-0.43 to +7.2 ‰ SMOW) and a comparison with present-day fluid oxygen isotopic composition (-3.2 ‰ SMOW) reveals a cooling trend with potential mixing of meteoric waters and deeply derived fluid. The MH geothermal system has cooled over time and reflects potentially less, if any magmatic fluid input presently into the system as there was in the past.
Integral TQFT for a one-holed torus
Creators: name: Gilmer, Patrick M.
name: Masbaum, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R56

description: We give new explicit formulas for the representations of the mapping class group of a genus one surface with one boundary component which arise from Integral TQFT. Our formulas allow one to compute the h-adic expansion of the TQFT-matrix associated to a mapping class in a straightforward way. Truncating the h-adic expansion gives an approximation of the representation by representations into finite groups. As a special case, we study the induced representations over finite fields and identify them up to isomorphism. The key technical ingredient of the paper are new bases of the Integral TQFT modules which are orthogonal with respect to the Hopf pairing. We construct these orthogonal bases in arbitrary genus, and briefly describe some other applications of them.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures. version 3: Minor expository changes. Bibliography updated
title: Stormwater Bioretention: Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Metal Removal by Plants
Creators: name: Rycewicz-Borecki, Malgorzata
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Stormwater runoff may contain high levels of pollutants and is regulated by the Federal National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Stormwater bioretention (BR) systems are often used to satisfy these regulations. BR systems collect accumulated runoff that leaches into groundwater. A greenhouse study evaluated nutrient and metal removal among plant species that are typically found growing in BR systems. A field demonstration study assessed citric acid enhanced metal bioaccumulation potential under typical BR system conditions.
The greenhouse experiment examined pollutant retention, and bioaccumulation potential for six plant species undergoing three hydraulic and pollutant loads. Results verified there was 98% recovery of total phosphorous over the study period. Biomass increased with higher hydraulic and pollutant loads for all species. Phragmites australis, Carex praegracilis, and Carex microptera took up significantly more total phosphorous and nitrogen mass into shoots than Typha latifolia, Scirpus valid us, and Scirpus acutus.
This study also found that 89% of applied metals were removed within the top 27 em of soil in all treatments. Similar results were found regarding copper, lead, and zinc concentrations and bioaccumulation. Carex praegracilis, and Carex microptera exhibited higher metal distribution in plant tissue and exfiltrate, and lower distribution in the soil media than the other species. This indicated species differences in biological and chemical processes taking place within the simulated BRsystems.
The field experiment investigated citric acid enhanced metal bioaccumulation potential among three different plant species under representative BR conditions. Citric acid significantly increased metal concentrations in the soil pore water for the planted treatments, but this did not result in increased metal uptake into plant tissue. However, notable differences were found among species, where Carex microptera accumulated more AI, Cr, Cu, and Fe in the above ground tissue than Helianthus maximiliani and Typha /atifolia (except for Cu in Helianthus). These results provide greater insight into the biological and chemical process that affect transport, uptake and translocation of nutrients and metals, and confirm the importance of species selection in BR systems to optimize nutrient and metal retention and recovery from stormwater runoff to minimize subsequent groundwater pollutant loading.
title: Mitigation of Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) Through Grazing and Revegetation on the Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington
Creators: name: Stonecipher, Clinton A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: A large portion of the historical steppe and shrub-steppe habitats in eastern Washington have been altered through biotic and abiotic processes resulting in the annual grass medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski) becoming a large component of the altered vegetation. Experiments were conducted to determine whether: 1) protein supplementation would help increase utilization of medusahead by cattle, 2) native and introduced grass cultivars could establish in the region, and 3) mechanical disturbance would aid in establishing Vavilov II Siberian wheatgrass (Agropyron fragile [Roth] P. Candargy) and Immigrant forage kochia (Bassia prostrata [L.] A.J. Scott). Cattle grazing medusahead-infested rangeland for 10-d periods during summer months increased consumption of medusahead due to a reduction in the quality of forage alternatives. Cattle supplemented with a protein concentrate increased consumption of medusahead during d 6 to 10 of the grazing periods resulting in a reduction of medusahead abundance over time. Introduced grass cultivars; Vavilov II, Hycrest IIcrested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertn.), and Bozoisky II Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski), and a native grass mix; Sherman big bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl), Secar Snake River wheatgrass (Elymus wawawaiensis J. Carlson & Barkworth), Bannock Thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus [Scribn. & J.G. Sm.] Gould), and Recovery Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rydb.] Á. Löve) were planted at three locations. Sherman big bluegrass was the only native species that established with 47 % initial establishment and persistence increasing to 65 % over the course of the study. Hycrest II had 64 % stand establishment but persistence decreased to 48 % and Vavilov II had 57 % initial establishment and decreased to 50 %. Sherman Big bluegrass had greater biomass production in May however, the later maturing Hycrest II and Vavilov II had similar biomass production to Sherman Big bluegrass in July. Bozoisky II had poor stand establishment and decreased over the course of the study. Mechanical disturbance from disking in the fall was successful in establishing Vavilov II and Immigrant forage kochia. In conclusion, cattle can be used to reduce medusahead abundance in rangelands and revegetation with Vavilov II, Hycrest II and Sherman big bluegrass was successful. Mechanical disturbance was successful in aiding in establishment of Vavilov II and Immigrant forage kochia.
title: Extensions of High-order Flux Correction Methods to Flows With Source Terms at Low Speeds
Creators: name: Thorne, Jonathan L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: A novel high-order finite volume scheme using flux correction methods in conjunction with structured finite difference schemes is extended to low Mach and incompressible flows on strand grids. Flux correction achieves high-order by explicitly canceling low-order truncation error terms in the finite volume cell. The flux correction method is applied in unstructured layers of the strand grid. The layers are then coupled together using a source term containing the derivatives in the strand direction. Proper source term discretization is verified. Strand-direction derivatives are obtained by using summation-by-parts operators for the first and second derivatives. A preconditioner is used to extend the method to low Mach and incompressible flows. We further extend the method to turbulent flows with the Spalart Allmaras model. We verify high-order accuracy via the method of manufactured solutions, method of exact solutions, and physical problems. Results obtained compare well to analytical solutions, numerical studies, and experimental data. It is foreseen that future application in the Naval field will be possible.
Additional file 1 of Effect of different types of supervised exercise programs on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, pain, fatigue, mental health and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older patients with post-COVID-19 sequelae “EJerSA-COVID-19”: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Pleguezuelos, Eulogio
name: Sánchez-Nuño, Sergio
name: Del Carmen, Amin
name: Serra-Payá, Noemí
name: Moreno, Eva
name: Molina-Raya, Lorena
name: Robleda, Gemma
name: Benet, Marta
name: Santos-Ruiz, Susana
name: Garrido, Ainoa Biurrun
name: Jerez-Molina, Carmen
name: Miravitlles, Marc
name: Serra-Prat, Mateu
name: Viñals, Xavier
name: Farrés, Montserrat Girabent
name: Carbonell, Teresa
name: Garnacho-Castaño, Manuel V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Checklist (for combined completion of SPIRIT 2013 and SPIRIT Outcomes 2022 items)a.
title: Innovative and Efficient Simulation-Optimization Tools for Successful Groundwater Management and Conflict Resolution
Creators: name: Timani, Bassel
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Decision makers' conflicts about the validity of a single simulation model and inefficiencies of existing response matrix methods (RMM) hinder adopting successful groundwater management plans. We speed up the process by proposing a hybrid RMM that is most efficient for situations in which optimizable stimuli can vary through consecutive periods of uniform duration interspersed with periods of different duration. We use the hybrid RMM within Simulation-Optimization (S-O) models to develop optimal water management strategies. For the tested problems, the hybrid RMM requires as much or 63-89% less computation time than other RMMs.
Second, we propose Multi-Conceptual Model Optimization (MCMO) that can help stakeholders reach a compromise strategy instead of agreeing on the validity of a single model. MCMO computes optimal strategies that simultaneously satisfy analogous constraints and bounds in multiple numerical models differing by more than parameter values. Applying MCMO to Cache Valley (Utah, USA) reveals that protecting local ecosystem limits the increased groundwater pumping to satisfy only 40% of projected water demand increase using two models.
To successfully and sustainably manage Cache Valley aquifer, we evaluate sustained yield strategies (SYS) and quantify the resilience of a computed SYS. We maximize the number of new residents who can have their indoor and outdoor uses satisfied, subject to constraints on aquifer-surface waters conditions, and limiting new residents to projected increases in population (PIiP). furthermore, we examine the effect of optimization approach and sequiencing, temporally-lagged spatially distributed return flow that is a function of optimal groundwater use, and the acceptability time evaluation on the optimal yield strategy. Cache Valley aquifer can sustainably satisfy the outdoor water demand of 74%-83% and the indoor water demand of 83%-100% of the PIiP. We quantify deterministic resilience Rd(A,T,SV)=P to evaluate how completely an aquifer condition (SV) recovers after the end of climatic anomaly (A), by recovery time (T). Simulation predicts that Cache Valley aquifer system resiliences to a 2-year drought are Rd(2YD, 3 yrs, Overall) = 93% and Rd (2YD,≥8,Overall) ≥ 95%. Proportionally reducing pumping rates by 25% through the time horizon of the simulation increases the overall resilience to 96% within 3 years.
Kernel Partial Least Squares is Universally Consistent
Creators: name: Blanchard, Gilles
name: Kraemer, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the statistical consistency of kernel Partial Least Squares Regression applied to a bounded regression learning problem on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Partial Least Squares stands out of well-known classical approaches as e.g. Ridge Regression or Principal Components Regression, as it is not defined as the solution of a global cost minimization procedure over a fixed model nor is it a linear estimator. Instead, approximate solutions are constructed by projections onto a nested set of data-dependent subspaces. To prove consistency, we exploit the known fact that Partial Least Squares is equivalent to the conjugate gradient algorithm in combination with early stopping. The choice of the stopping rule (number of iterations) is a crucial point. We study two empirical stopping rules. The first one monitors the estimation error in each iteration step of Partial Least Squares, and the second one estimates the empirical complexity in terms of a condition number. Both stopping rules lead to universally consistent estimators provided the kernel is universal.
description: 18 pages, no figures
title: An Integration of Tillage and Herbicides to Control Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops Cylindrica Host.) in Winter Wheat
Creators: name: Price, Troy M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: An integrated management approach for jointed goatgrass control was investigated at two farms in northern Utah using three tillage regimes and tree herbicides. The tillage regimes included no tillage, conservation tillage, and conventional tillage. Each regime was composed of different tillage practices common in the Intermountain West. A preemergence herbicide, clomazone, and two postergance herbicides, 2, 4-D and glyphosate, were investigated. Greenhouse studies were also conducted to investigate clomazone efficacy and depth of planting of winter wheat and jointed goatgrass.
Differential sensitivity to clomazone between jointed goatgrass and winter wheat did not occur in the greenhouse for the rates tested. A treatment of 0.11 kg ai ha-1 clomazone reduced wheat and jointed goatgrass fresh weights similarly by 49 and 63% respectively.
Jointed goatgrass did not germinate below 6.4 cm and emergence was initially reduced at the 2.5 cm soil depth. Winter wheat emergence was not lowered until the seed was planted 5.0 cm deep or deeper and continued to 8.9 cm deep.
Oxygen transfer in a stirred tank
Creators: name: Liu, Ming-Shen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Microbiological leaching of sulfide minerals in fermenters is believed to have commercial potential. The oxygen transfer rate has been assumed to be one of the most important factors affecting the leach rate. The mass-transfer rate at various solution pH's was studied by using an unsteady gassing out process. The sulfite-oxidation process was also studied in an attempt to explain the absorption mechanism. A 7.5 inch I.D. methyl methacrylate tank with 4 baffles and a 4-inch diameter paddle type impeller were used. The impeller was driven by a motor mounted on a dynamometer which allowed measurement of the power used in agitation. All the experiments were carried out under highly turbulent conditions and covered the liquid temperature range 25°C to 40°C. The results showed that pH had no effect on mass-transfer coefficient. The values of K[subscript L]a increased as temperature increased. The relationship between K[subscript L]a, power input and superficial gas velocity was found to be of the form: K[subscript L]a = c(HP/V)[superscript x] (V[subscript s])[superscript y] A comparison of the K[subscript L]a observed in an unsteady gassing out process and that in a sulfite-oxidation process showed that the interfacial area/unit volume of liquid, a, is directly proportional to (V[subscript s])º‧⁵º which coincides with Calderbank's result.
On quantitative stability in infinite-dimensional optimization under uncertainty
Creators: name: Hoffhues, M.
name: Römisch, Werner
name: Surowiec, Thomas
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Stability
subject: Stochastic programming
subject: Optimization under uncertainty
subject: Probability metrics
subject: PDE-constrained optimization
subject: Functional data analysis
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: The vast majority of stochastic optimization problems require the approximation of the underlying probability measure, e.g., by sampling or using observations. It is therefore crucial to understand the dependence of the optimal value and optimal solutions on these approximations as the sample size increases or more data becomes available. Due to the weak convergence properties of sequences of probability measures, there is no guarantee that these quantities will exhibit favorable asymptotic properties. We consider a class of infinite-dimensional stochastic optimization problems inspired by recent work on PDE-constrained optimization as well as functional data analysis. For this class of problems, we provide both qualitative and quantitative stability results on the optimal value and optimal solutions. In both cases, we make use of the method of probability metrics. The optimal values are shown to be Lipschitz continuous with respect to a minimal information metric and consequently, under further regularity assumptions, with respect to certain Fortet-Mourier and Wasserstein metrics. We prove that even in the most favorable setting, the solutions are at best Hölder continuous with respect to changes in the underlying measure. The theoretical results are tested in the context of Monte Carlo approximation for a numerical example involving PDE-constrained optimization under uncertainty.
Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect for Gravitational Radiation
Creators: name: Laguna, Pablo
name: Larson, Shane L.
name: Spergel, David
name: Yunes, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves are messengers carrying valuable information about their sources. For sources at cosmological distances, the waves will contain also the imprint left by the intervening matter. The situation is in close analogy with cosmic microwave photons, for which the large-scale structures the photons traverse contribute to the observed temperature anisotropies, in a process known as the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. We derive the gravitational wave counterpart of this effect for waves propagating on a Friedman-Robertson-Walker background with scalar perturbations. We find that the phase, frequency and amplitude of the gravitational waves experience Sachs-Wolfe type integrated effects, this in addition to the magnification effects on the amplitude from gravitational lensing. We show that for supermassive black hole binaries, the integrated effects could account for measurable changes on the frequency, chirp mass and luminosity distance of the binary, thus unveiling the presence of inhomogeneities, and potentially dark energy, in the Universe.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, replaced with version accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
title: Scalable Bio-Production of High Value Products in Bacteria
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Yukie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Biliverdin IXα is a green bile pigment produced by enzymatic cleavage of a tetrapyrrole ring of heme by heme oxygenase. While biliverdin IXα is emerging as an effective cytoprotectant, the conventional method for producing biliverdin IXα by chemical conversion of animal bile is not suitable for large scale production. A novel scalable production method was pursued via bacterial fermentation. Recombinant Escherichia coli strains were obtained by sequence optimization and plasmid transformation of a cyanobacterial heme oxygenase gene. Further strain development was done by plasmid overexpression of a native E. coli flavodoxin gene as a possible electron donor for heterogeneous heme oxygenase. The resulting strains were grown in a fed-batch culture system optimized for biliverdin IXα production.
Syringomycin E is a lipodepsinonapeptide produced by certain strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae by nonribosomal peptide synthesis. Though syringomycin E had been considered a phytotoxin in the past, recent research results indicate that syringomycin E is a natural fungicide that is not toxic to animals and plants. Syringomycin E is a potential fungicide especially for use in the organic agriculture sector. New strains of P. syringae pv. syringae were isolated through ultraviolet mutagenesis and screenings for enhanced capability to produce syringomycin E especially under agitated conditions. Fermentative production was conducted in a newly formulated medium and the product was purified through a large scale chromatography system using organic-compatible solvents. Purified syringomycin E was tested on cucumber seeds to examine its antifungal activity against a soil-borne pathogen Pythium ultimum. Syringomycin E was able to inhibit Pythium infection and protected seeds and seedlings without developing disease symptoms.
This dissertation research showed scalable production of two natural products, biliverdin IXα and syringomycin E in bacterial platforms. Strain development by gene recombination and mutation was done to obtain bacterial strains capable of overproducing desired metabolites. The resulting strains were grown in fermenters to maximize the yields under agitated conditions. Monitoring growth parameters and medium modifications were critical to achieve large scale production.
title: Indicator 13 Training for Transition Teachers: Comparison of Pre-And Post Test Scores on Writing of Goals
Creators: name: Smith, Christina B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Special education teachers sometimes experience problems with knowing how to construct and write transition goals that meet Indicator 13 requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This project examined the effects of teacher training in Indicator 13 requirements on the quality of transition goals. Participants included 17 special education teachers from one school district located in a western state. Target behaviors where increasing each participants’ post-test goal quality scores from individualized transition plans (ITP) written after they demonstrated knowledge about requirements through a post-instruction goal quality writing probe. Procedures involved (a) a pre examination of participants’ transition goals that were written for students prior to the training, (b) an instructional session on what needs to be included to meet Indicator 13 goal requirements, (c) a writing probe on a hypothetical student after the training to make sure the participants can write a goal statement, and (d) a post examination of participants’ transition goals written after the training. The researcher noted that participants’ demonstrated adequate goal-writing on the writing probe (6.88 out of 7.00) and that data collector ratings of goal quality scores increased from 2.82 to 6.53 mean ratings on a zero-to-seven point scale. These results could have implications in terms of participants’ transition goals becoming consistent with Indicator 13 requirements.
title: Romantic Relationship Quality and Technological Communication: Examining the Roles of Attachment Representations and Rejection Sensitivity
Creators: name: Bean, Ron C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Understanding normative developmental patterns in romantic relationships within cultural-historical contexts is a vital research agenda, and contemporary relationships develop amid pervasive socio-technological advancements. The role of technology in relationship functioning is relevant as romantic relationships are among the most important types of relationships and technology may substitute proximity, a core imperative of the attachment system. This study described patterns of computer-mediated communication (CMC) in young adult romantic relationships. Specifically, we hypothesized that core relational and personality constructs were linked to participants’ interpretations and reactions to CMC.
Participants were 97 college students who provided global scores for rejection sensitivity, attachment representations, relationship satisfaction, and data about CMC with their romantic partner. Participants were prompted twice daily for two weeks to respond to questions assessing the nature and reaction to their most recent CMC with their romantic partner. Participants used texting more than any other CMC and communicated with romantic partners more than all others combined. Participants’ high relationship and communication satisfaction remained relatively constant. The 97 participants completed 1,616 mobile responses. Reported response latency was higher for men than women. Significant negative correlations emerged between interaction ratings, rejection sensitivity, and both insecure attachment dimensions. Regression analyses revealed only main effects for response latency and insecure attachment in predicting interaction ratings for women. No significant interactions emerged between response latency and attachment/response latency. For men, insecure attachment representations and rejection sensitivity demonstrated direct effects on interaction ratings. Avoidant attachment and response latency demonstrated a statistically significant interaction. Response latency and the interaction rating were negatively related only for men who scored low in avoidance. This study contributes to the body of literature assessing outcomes and qualities of romantic relationships in emerging adulthood. Technological communication is a key feature of young couples’ communication and appears more prevalent in romantic relationships than other relationships. Additionally, core relational and personality characteristics are substantially correlated to interpretations of momentto- moment interactions via technology.
Psychrometric studies
Creators: name: Henry, Herbert Clarke
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The local and macroscopic wet-bulb temperature depressions have been measured for naphthalene, p-dichlorobenzene and d-camphor particles sublimating into an air or helium gas stream. The organic chemicals were moulded into cylindrical, spherical and flat plate 'wet-bulbs'. A simple model based on the analogy between heat and mass transport postulates the dependence of the macroscopic psychrometric ratio of a cylinder in crossflow, a sphere or a flat plate, and the local psychrometric ratio of a plate, on the Lewis number of the system. A second model is developed which enables the calculation, by means of a Biot number correction, of the local psychrometric ratio of a cylinder or a sphere when heat is conducted internally through the body. This local psychrometric ratio can also be related to the system Lewis number. Two models are also developed to predict the 'limiting' wet-bulb temperature depression for a cylinder, sphere or flat plate under conditions of pure molecular diffusion of heat and mass. The measured local and macroscopic psychrometric ratios for all wet-bulb shapes studied were found to be independent of the gas temperature level, gas velocity, free stream turbulence intensity and integral scale of turbulence, in accordance with the models. For spheres and cylinders, the particle diameter did not affect the measured local and macroscopic psychrometric ratios. The experimental wet-bulb temperature depressions were found to vary linearly with the measuring thermocouple wire diameter to the three-halves power. The macroscopic psychrometric ratio, β₀, of spheres and cylinders has been correlated with the film Lewis No., Le[subscript f] , for eighteen gas-vapor systems by β₀= Le[subscript f] ⁻º‧⁵⁷. The author's data have extended the upper limit of Lewis number for correlation of macroscopic psychrometric ratio from 3.7 to 7.2. The author's measurements in helium indicate that the semiempirical correlation of Bedingfield and Drew is the best previous relationship for predicting the macroscopic psychrometric ratio for a cylinder. Under conditions of forced convection, the local psychrometric ratio, ββ, at the front stagnation point of spheres and cylinders can be correlated by ββ = Le[subscript f]⁻º‧⁶⁹ This result verifies the Chilton - Colburn analogy for attached laminar boundary layer flow. The local psychrometric ratio at the rear stagnation point of spheres and cylinders can be predicted by ββ = Le[subscript f]⁻º‧⁴⁶ when a wake exists behind the particle. This result is suggestive that a transport mechanism such as that proposed by Danckwerts may be controlling the transport processes in the wake. The local psychrometric ratios on a flat plate under conditions of laminar boundary layer flow are in close agreement with the Chilton - Colburn analogy. The intensity and longitudinal scale of turbulence down stream of screens in a four-inch square wind tunnel are presented.
Fluorescent visualization of a spreading surfactant
Creators: name: Fallest, David W.
name: Lichtenberger, Adele M.
name: Fox, Christopher J.
name: Daniels, Karen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spreading of surfactants on thin films is an industrially and medically important phenomenon, but the dynamics are highly nonlinear and visualization of the surfactant dynamics has been a long-standing experimental challenge. We perform the first quantitative, spatiotemporally-resolved measurements of the spreading of an insoluble surfactant on a thin fluid layer. During the spreading process, we directly observe both the radial height profile of the spreading droplet and the spatial distribution of the fluorescently-tagged surfactant. We find that the leading edge of spreading circular layer of surfactant forms a Marangoni ridge in the underlying fluid, with a trough trailing the ridge as expected. However, several novel features are observed using the fluorescence technique, including a peak in the surfactant concentration which trails the leading edge, and a flat, monolayer-scale spreading film which differs from concentration profiles predicted by current models. Both the Marangoni ridge and surfactant leading edge can be described to spread as $R \propto t^δ$. We find spreading exponents, $δ_H \approx 0.30$ and $δ_Γ\approx 0.22$ for the ridge peak and surfactant leading edge, respectively, which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions of $δ= 1/4$. In addition, we observe that the surfactant leading edge initially leads the peak of the Marangoni ridge, with the peak later catching up to the leading edge.
Multi-Proxy, Multi-Season Streamflow Reconstruction With Mass Balance Adjustment
Creators: Nguyen, Hung T. T.
Galelli, Stefano
Xu, Chenxi
Buckley, Brendan M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Streamflow
Streamflow--Simulation methods
Water resources development
Water resources development--Management

description: Despite having offered important hydroclimatic insights, streamflow reconstructions still see limited use in water resources operations, because annual reconstructions are not suitable for decisions at finer time scales. The few attempts toward sub-annual reconstructions have relied on statistical disaggregation, which uses none or little proxy information. Here, we develop a novel framework that optimizes proxy combinations to simultaneously produce seasonal and annual reconstructions. Importantly, the framework ensures that total seasonal flow matches annual flow closely. This mass balance criterion is necessary to avoid misguiding water management decisions, such as the allocation of water rights or dam release decisions. Using the framework, and leveraging a multi-species network of ring width and cellulose 𝜹¹⁸O in Southeast Asia, we reconstruct seasonal and annual inflow to Thailand's largest reservoir. The reconstructions are statistically skillful. Furthermore, they preserve the mass balance well: the differences are mostly within 10% of the mean annual flow. As a result, the reconstructions provide more reliable estimates of the seasonal and annual surface water availability. This work is one step closer toward operational usability of streamflow reconstruction in water resources management.
Comment on Higgs Inflation and Naturalness
Creators: name: Burgess, C. P.
name: Lee, Hyun Min
name: Trott, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We rebut the recent claim (arXiv:0912.5463) that Einstein-frame scattering in the Higgs inflation model is unitary above the cut-off energy Lambda ~ Mp/xi. We show explicitly how unitarity problems arise in both the Einstein and Jordan frames of the theory. In a covariant gauge they arise from non-minimal Higgs self-couplings, which cannot be removed by field redefinitions because the target space is not flat. In unitary gauge, where there is only a single scalar which can be redefined to achieve canonical kinetic terms, the unitarity problems arise through non-minimal Higgs-gauge couplings.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure V3: Journal Version
title: Price Slides Within Cattle Markets Over Time and Space
Creators: name: Dickamore, Justin Edward
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: The production of cattle in the United State is a very large business. Production begins at the cow-calf level, where a calf is born and raised to a specific weight. This weight is the weaning weight and averages between 300-600 pounds. The calf is then typically shipped to a feedlot, where it is fed a high corn ration which increases the weight of animal quickly and cost effectively to reach a sufficient slaughter weight. Cattle production takes place primarily in 5 different geographical locations which include the North Central, Southeast, Northern Plains, Southern Plains, and West regions. Due to the relationships between fed cattle prices, feeder cattle prices and feed costs, lighter weight feeder cattle typically sell for a higher price per pound than heavier weight feeder cattle. This decrease in price per pound for heavier feeders is often referred to as a feeder cattle price slide. This study is to determine how price slides have reacted over time and space due to the relative changes in fed and feeder cattle prices and the cost of feed.
Weekly data was obtained from the Livestock Marketing Information Center (LMIC) on the auction price for feeder cattle at different weights for both steers and heifers. Weekly data on the futures price of live cattle and corn were also obtained from the LMIC.
To determine if feeder cattle price slides had changed over time, regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between feeder cattle prices at varying weights with the price of fed cattle and the price of corn. Two different time periods were used for the same location: the first period was from 1992 to 1996 and the second period was from 2005 to 2015. Price slides were also examined across space. There were five different geographical locations analyzed: Oklahoma, Nebraska, Georgia, Kansas, and Montana. Each region was regressed individually and then compared. Prices slides were calculated as the difference in the regressed feeder cattle price at each weight. A combination of the time and space was used to evaluate changes in the same model.
Results from the regression models returned feeder cattle prices at varying weights for steers and heifers and price slides were calculated from those estimated prices. It was found that price slides are not constant over time and that price slides are geographically specific. In the third objective, it is shown that time and space are both factors in determining price slides for feeder cattle.
The implications of this study are to help cattle producers be more aware of market conditions specific to changes in feeding cost. It is also to make aware that price slides are not constant over time and space and therefore, must be reevaluated on a consistent basis.
Mitigation of space charge effects using electron column at IOTA ring
Creators: name: Park, C.S.
name: Freemire, B.
name: Stern, E.
name: Mitchell, C.E.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: We investigate a novel method to mitigate space charge effects of high intensity proton beams propagating in circular accelerators by means of trapping and controlling electrons generated from beam-induced residual gas ionization. This compensation method uses Coulomb repulsion force between a proton beam and electrons to mitigate self-space charge effects of the beam if it passes through a plasma column. The transverse electron-proton (e-p) instability in the plasma column is well controlled by the longitudinal magnetic field of a solenoid magnet and the bias voltages on electrodes. In this report, we will show simulation results how to control distributions of electrons and ions as well as that of the proton beam inside the column.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
Determining the Unithood of Word Sequences using Mutual Information and Independence Measure
Creators: name: Wong, Wilson
name: Liu, Wei
name: Bennamoun, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most works related to unithood were conducted as part of a larger effort for the determination of termhood. Consequently, the number of independent research that study the notion of unithood and produce dedicated techniques for measuring unithood is extremely small. We propose a new approach, independent of any influences of termhood, that provides dedicated measures to gather linguistic evidence from parsed text and statistical evidence from Google search engine for the measurement of unithood. Our evaluations revealed a precision and recall of 98.68% and 91.82% respectively with an accuracy at 95.42% in measuring the unithood of 1005 test cases.
description: More information is available at http://explorer.csse.uwa.edu.au/reference/
RF scheme to mitigate longitudinal instabilities in the SPPC
Creators: name: Zhang, L.
name: Tang, J.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: A large collider project CEPC-SPPC is under study with a global effort and a leading role from IHEP, with CEPC (Circular Electron-Positron Collider, Phase I) to probe Higgs physics and SPPC (Super Proton-Proton Collider, Phase II) to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model. The key design goal for SPPC is to reach 75 TeV in center-of-mass energy with a circumference of 100 km. As an important part of the SPPC conceptual study, the study on the longitudinal dynamics at SPPC has been conducted, with a focus on the RF scheme to meet the requirements for luminosity and mitigate the relevant instabilities. The longitudinal instability bottleneck associated with the longitudinal dynamics is the loss of Landau damping. To mitigate the beam instabilities, a higher harmonic RF system (800 MHz) together with the basic RF system (400 MHz) to form a dual-harmonic RF system is found helpful, which also increases the luminosity by producing shorter bunches. The preliminary results indicate that longitudinal impedance threshold can be increased.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
title: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Biomarker Detection for B-Cell Malignancies
Creators: name: Israelsen, Nathan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: This thesis presents a light scattering-based method for biomarker detection, which could potentially be used for the quantification of multiple biomarkers specific to B-cell malignancies. This method uses fabricated gold nanoparticle probes to amplify inelastic light scattering in a process referred to as surface-enhanced Raman scattering. These gold nanoparticle probes were conjugated to antibodies for specific and targeted molecular binding. The spectrum of the amplified inelastic light scattering was detected using a spectrometer and a detector. To detect the light scattering signal from the gold nanoparticle probes, several commercial Raman spectrometer instruments were evaluated. Initial results from these evaluations are presented in this thesis. After system evaluation, a custom Raman microscope system was designed, built, and tested. This system was used for the development of a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based immunoassay. The development of this assay confirms the successful design of gold nanoparticle probes for the specific targeting and detection of immunoglobulins. The immunoassay also shows promise for the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers specific to B-cell malignancies.
Additional file 1 of Associations of normal fasting glucose levels and of insulin resistance with degenerative rotator cuff tear
Creators: name: Park, Hyung Bin
name: Gwark, Ji-Yong
name: Jung, Jaehoon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: College Student Perceptions of Secondary Teacher Influence on the Development of Mathematical Identity
Creators: name: Van Wagoner, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: This phenomenological study explored how college students’ perceptions of experiences with their secondary mathematics teachers affected their mathematical identities. The study was rooted in Wenger’s notion that learning is an experience of identity and Dewey’s theory that all experiences are inextricably linked to past and future experiences. Constructed narratives of eight college developmental mathematics students with high and low levels of mathematics anxiety were created from autobiographical essays and semistructured interviews. Analysis of the constructed narratives employed a deductive coding process using a priori themes related to experiences with secondary teachers and dimensions of mathematical identity.
The study answered three research questions: What kind of experiences did students recall having with their secondary mathematics teachers? How did students perceive that those experiences influenced their mathematical identities? What common student experiences positively or negatively affecting mathematical identity emerged from the data? Two general factors that affect student mathematical identity emerged from the research: student-teacher interactions and student-mathematics interactions. Interconnectivity existed between positive student-teacher relationships, meaningful student-mathematics interactions, and strong mathematical identities. Positive student-teacher relationships were foundational to the overall connection.
Suppression of the longitudinal coupled bunch instability in DAΦNE in collision with a crossing angle
Creators: name: Drago, A.
name: Zobov, M.
name: Shatilov, D.
name: Raimondi, P.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: In DAΦNE, the Frascati e+/e– collider operating since 1998, an innovative collision scheme, the crab waist, has been successfully implemented during the years 2008–09. During operations for the Siddharta experiment an unusual synchrotron oscillation damping effect induced by beam-beam collisions has been observed. Indeed, when the longitudinal feedback is off, the positron beam becomes unstable with currents above 200–300 mA due to coupled bunch instability. The longitudinal instability is damped by colliding the positron beam with a high current electron beam (of the order of 2 A). A shift of about –600 Hz in the residual synchrotron sidebands is observed. Precise measurements have been performed by using both a commercial spectrum analyzer and the diagnostic capabilities of the longitudinal bunch-by-bunch feedback. The damping effect has been observed in DAΦNE for the first time during collisions with the crab waist scheme. Our explanation, based both on theoretical consideration and modelling simulation, is that beam collisions with a large crossing angle produce longitudinal tune shift and spread, providing Landau damping of synchrotron oscillations.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019