Stenopogoninae Hull 1962
Creators: name: Londt, Jason G. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1994
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: KEY TO GENERA OF AFROTROPICAL STENOPOGONINAE This key includes a modified version of one published earlier (Londt 1983). Bracketed numbers after generic names indicate that similarly numbered taxonomic notes follow the key. I Anatergites setose.........,...................................................................................... 2 Anatergites bare................................................................................................... 8 2 Antennal segment 3 (first flagellomere) with distinct well-developed style (microsegment).................................................................................................... 3 Antennal segment 3 tipped with a small pit enclosing a tiny seta, no style present.............................................................................................................................. 7 3 Occiput without macrosetae (weak setae only)................................................... 4 Occiput with macrosetae (weak setae also)......................................................... 5 4 Eye:face width ratio &lt;1.1: 1; scape clearly longer than pedicel; <i>d</i> hypandrium &lt;half as long as epandrial lobes (I species - Londt 1983)....... Dioctobroma Hull Eye:face width ratio&gt; 1.3: 1; scape and pedicel about equal in length; <i>d</i> hypandrium about as long as epandriallobes (2 species - Londt 1983)................ Dogonia Oldroyd 5 Propleuron with a few well-developed macrosetae as well as fine setae; <i>d</i> hypandrium very short (about one-quarter length of epandriallobes) (1 species - Londt 1983)............................................................................ Anasillomos Landt Propleuron with fine setae only; <i>d</i> hypandrium at least half length of epandrial lobes..................................................................................................................... 6 6 Facial swelling well-defined in dorsal part; eye:face width ratio&gt; 1.2: 1 (2 species - Londt 1983 1985a)............................................. Oratostylum Ricardo Facial swelling not well-defined in dorsal part; eye:face width ratio &lt;1.2: 1 (3 species - Londt 1983)........................................................... Remotomyia Londt 7 Facial swelling occupying about three-quarters of face and entirely covered with macrosetae and setae; presutural dorsocentral setae well developed; vein M[not strongly arched anteriorly; postmetacoxal membrane covered with long setae (7 species - Londt 1983 <i>1985a)</i>....................................................... Daspletis Loew Facial swelling occupying at most half of face and often with macrosetae only on lower half; dorsocentrals present only on posterior half of mesonotum; vein M[usually strongly arched anteriorly; postmetacoxal membrane often asetose (79 species - requires revision)....................................... Microstylum Loew (1) 8 Anal lobe and alula lacking bordering vein (ie. costa terminates at or before point where anal vein joins wing margin)........................................................... 9 Costa extends around entire wing margin (ie. borders anal lobe and alula) (weakly in <i>Trichoura)</i>........................................................................................ 13 9 Pulvilli minute or absent.................................................................................... 10 Pulvilli well developed...................................................................................... 12 to Costa extends as far as anal vein....................................................................... 11 Costa terminates just beyond juncture with R1+3, leaving almost entire hind margin of wing without bordering vein (15 species - new material suggests that a revision is required)............................................................ Sisyrnodytes Loew 11 Pulvilli present, but highly reduced; empodium present. Base of R4 usually with short, proximally directed, branch. Palpi 2-segmented, well developed. Dorsocentral macrosetae not well differentiated. Small to moderately sized bee-like flies (8 species - requires revision).................... Acnephalum Macquart (2) Pulvilli absent; empodium absent. Base of R4 without short, proximally directed, branch. Palpi appear I-segmented, highly reduced. Dorsocentral macrosetae well differentiated. Tiny, not particularly bee-like flies (1 species - Londt <i>1985c)</i>.............................................................................................. Ammodaimon Londt 12 Postmetacoxal bridge present (8 species - Londt <i>1993b)</i>... Rhabdogaster Loew Postmetacoxal bridge absent (12 species - Londt 1994; requires revision)........... Afroholopogon Londt (3) 13 Palpi I-segmented """""""".".""....""""""".""""""""".""""""""""""""". 14 Palpi 2-segmented "............".............."............"..............".....................,,"...... 16 14 Proboscis with spine-like processes distally; antennal style not clearly differentiated, distal seta subterminal (2 species - Londt <i>1992a)</i> """"""""""""". Hynirhynchus Lindner Proboscis of more usual form and lacking distal spine-like processes; antennal style clearly defined and with terminal pit-enclosed seta """"""""""""""""" 15 15 Proboscis shorter than antenna; mystax covering ventral 縠 of face; <i>d</i> mesotarsomeres 4 and 5 with peculiar spade-shaped setae (usually red in colour) (2 species - Londt 1981) """""""""""""."""""""""""""." Habropogon Loew Proboscis longer than antenna; mystax covering ventral of face; <i>d</i> mesotarsomeres 4 and 5 without spade-shaped setae (3 species - Londt 1990) "". Pycnomerinx Hull 16 Head almost circular in anterior view (ie. face narrow) """""""""""""""""". 17 Head clearly wider than high in anterior view"""""""""""""""""""""".""" 19 17 Prothoracic femur with large, proximoventral, spinose process (ie. strongly raptorial) (30 species - requires revision) """"""""""". Gonioscelis Schiner (4) Prothoracic femur of more usual form, lacking large, proximoventral, spinose process............................................................................................................... 18 18 Face somewhat gibbose (swollen) and equipped with strong macrosetae over much of ventral 縠 (8 species - requires revision) """""""""" Stenopogon Loew Face plane; strong macrosetae confined to ventral j of face (l species - requires revision) """""""""""""""""""""""""."""""""". Rhacolaemus Hermann (5) 19 Proboscis strongly curved, resembling the beak of a parrot (25 species - requires revision)..........."."......................."".".............""....... Ancylorhynchus Berthold Proboscis of more conventional shape """""""""""".""""".""""""""""""" 20 20 Face strongly projecting ventrally, giving a nose-like appearance in profile (6 species - Londt <i>1992a)</i>."""""""""""""""""""""""". Lycostommyia Oldroyd Face not projecting ventrally and of more usual form """"""""""."""""""".21 21 Mystax extending from antennal bases to epistomal margin (ie. entire profile) (except <i>Pedomyia astroptica</i> sp. n. with full mystax, but then with characteristic antennal structure - see Fig. 55) """""""""""""""""""""."""""""""""""". 22 Mystax less extensive.......""........".".............""..............."".....................""". 26 22 Antenna with compressed, strap-like third segment and terminal 2-segmented style of similar form (2 species - Londt 1981 """"""" Hermannomyia Oldroyd Antennae of different form.".......""..............."................,,"..................""""... 23 23 Large flies, wing&gt; 15 mm long, palpi greatly developed, especially second segment, extending well-beyond epistomal margin; anepimeral bristle absent (l species - Londt <i>1992c)</i> """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Bana Londt Small flies, wing &lt;10 mm long, palpi moderately developed, not extending beyond epistomal margin; anepimeral bristle usually present """"""."""""". 24 <i>24</i> <i>d</i> tenninalia of club-like appearance; epandrium greatly developed, hemispherical; hypandrium greatly reduced (4 species - this paper)...................... <b>Corymyia</b> gen. n. <i>d</i> tenninalia of more usual form; epandrium not greatly developed; hypandrium not greatly reduced............................................................................................ 25 <i>25</i> <i>d</i> gonocoxite with 2, subequal, pointed, distal processes, the outer one with at most a small tumid dorsodistal projection; mystax well developed, extending to antennal sockets; scutellum with many marginal setae, these usually extending weakly onto the disc (central area usually asetose) (20 species - Londt 1993c).... <b>Connomyia</b> Londt <i>d</i> gonocoxite with outer process having a distal or dorsodistal flange-like process; mystax moderately well developed, extending to antennal bases, but usually weak in upper part; scutellum usually with few marginal setae which rarely extend onto disc (9 species - Londt 1993c).................... <b>Danomyia</b> Londt 26 Anepimeral bristle present; metathoracic empodia laterally compressed and blade-like (3 species - Londt 1992a)................................. <b>Empodiodes</b> Oldroyd Anepimeral bristle absent; metathoracic empodia setose, not laterally compressed and blade-like................................................................................ 27 27 Lower 縠 of face clearly gibbose, upper part of swollen area clearly 摥繩湥搠..... 28 Face at most gently gibbose (upper part of swollen area not clearly defined).. 29 28 Body entirely metallic blue-black; third antennal segment elongate, cylindrical, <i>ca.</i> twice as long as first two segments combined; wing unifonnly blackish (1 species)...................................................................... <b>Teratopomyia</b> Oldroyd (5) Body not uniformly metallic blue-black; third antennal segment strongly clubshaped, <i>ca.</i> as long as first two segments combined; wing transparent with dark markings (21 species - Londt <i>1985b)</i>....................................... <b>Hypenetes</b> Loew 29 Mystax occupies at most the lower 縠 of face..................................................... 30 Mystax occupies at least the lower i of face..................................................... 33 30 Wing cells m3 and cup closed and stalked; <i>d</i> hypandrium highly reduced and largely fused with gonocoxites (6 species - this paper)........... <b>Trichoura</b> gen. n. Wing cells m3 and cup open at wing margin; <i>d</i> hypandrium moderately well developed and not fused with gonocoxites........................................................ 31 31 Epandrial lobes entirely separated, except at base (3 species - this paper)............ <b>Microphontes</b> gen. n. Epandriallobes fused for at least basal half of length....................................... 32 32 Scutellar disc lacking setae; epandrial lobes fused for <i>ca.</i> half of length (3 species - this paper)................................................................. <b>Macroetra</b> gen. n. Scutellar disc with few <i>(ca.</i> 4) setae; epandrium with slight posterior indentation (lobes hardly evident, being fused for entire length of epandrium) (2 species - this paper).............................................................................. <b>Irwinomyia</b> gen. n. 33 Third antennal segment widening toward the middle (in lateral view), apical half appearing strongly incised ventrally (Fig. 55); mystax occupying <i>ca.</i> 縠 face (9 species - this paper).................................................................. <b>Pedomyia</b> gen. n. Third antennal segment not widening toward the middle and without strongly incised apical half; mystax occupies <i>ca.</i> ! face.................................................. 34 <i>34</i> <i>d</i> epandrial lobes long, entirely separated or very narrowly joined proximally; hypandrium more or less straight and distally directed (35 species - Landt <i>1992c)</i>......................................................................................... Scylaticus Loew <i>d</i> epandrial lobes short, fused proximally for <i>ca.</i> 縠 their length; hypandrium elongate, ventrally directed with upturned distal region (I species - this paper)... Agrostomyia gen. n. Taxonomic notes 1. <i>Microstylum</i> Macquart, 1838: <i>Eclipsis</i> Bezzi, 1908 and <i>Epiblepharis</i> Bezzi, 1908, described as full genera, were considered as subgenera of <i>Microstylum</i> by Hull (1962) and Papavero (1973). However, Oldroyd (1980) treated them as separate genera (both monotypic). During preliminary research on the genus, I studied the types of both taxa and believe them to be congeneric with <i>Microstylum.</i> Until a complete review of this genus has been undertaken, I prefer to consider Bezzi's two genera to be subgenera as suggested by Hull (1962). For this reason they are not keyed separately in this paper. 2. <i>Acnephalum</i> Macquart, 1838: As pointed out by Oldroyd (1974), the genotype is <i>A. olivieri</i> Macquart, the only truly Palaearctic species known. The only other species listed in the Palaearctic catalogue <i>(A. futile Wulp</i>) is from Aden (South Yemen), an area usually included in the Afrotropica1 Region. I have not seen specimens of <i>A. olivieri,</i> so it may not be congeneric with the Afrotropical species. <i>Sporadothrix</i> Hermann, 1907: Because of uncertainty about the placement of this monotypic genus (Hull 1962 treated it under Laphriinae, Oldroyd (1974) under Stichopogonini), 1 borrowed the holotype <i>d</i> of the only species, S. <i>gracilis</i> Hermann. Hull (1962), who had not seen Hermann's material, said that no details of the wing could be obtained (Hermann failed to mention them); this probably led Oldroyd (1974) to state that the type was a 'completely wingless specimen'. This is not true. While the wings are somewhat twisted and lack much of their posterior parts, both are at least partly present and show, along with other diagnostic features, that the genus is correctly placed in Stenopogoninae. The alulae are complete, demonstrating the absence of a bordering costal vein. This places the genus near <i> Sisyrnodytes, Acnephalum, Ammodaimon, Rhabdogaster and <i>Afroholopogon.</i> In</i> addition, the left wing is complete enough to show that R4 has the short, proximally directed vein characteristic of <i>Acnephalum.</i> The S. <i>gracilis</i> holotype is clearly similar to <i>A. cylindricum</i> Oldroyd (which is represented in NMSA by the holotype 9, and more recently acquired material of both sexes). On these grounds I have decided to synonymise <i>Sporadothrix</i> with <i>Acnephalum</i> (syn. n.). As <i>gracilis</i> is dispecific with <i>cylindricum,</i> and is probably a valid species, <i>Acnephalum gracilis</i> (Hermann, 1907) is a new combination. <i>A. cylindricum,</i> and <i>A. gracilis</i> are exceptional species in that the abdomen is not wide and dorsoventrally compressed, and the genitalia are not partly retracted, as in all other Afrotropical <i>Acnephalum.</i> The possibility exists that future revisionary studies may show these species to be digeneric. If this happens the name <i>Sporadothrix</i> may need resurrecting. To add to the complexity of the situation, Oldroyd (1974) reported on a specimen from Namibia, which he identified as <i>Sporadothrix gracilis,</i> offering a brief description and illustration of the entire insect. The specimen is certainly not an <i>Acnephalum,</i> but may well prove to be congeneric with <i>Ammodaimon,</i> although dispecific with <i>A. acares</i> Londt, 1985, the only species as yet assigned to this genus. <i>3.</i> <i>Afroholopogon</i> Londt, 1994: Recent work revealed that Afrotropical taxa previously placed in <i>Cyrtopogon</i> Loew, <i>Heteropogon</i> Loew and <i>Holopogon</i> Loew do not belong to these valid Holarctic genera (Londt 1994). Revisionary work is required on the species now combined in <i>Afroholopogon,</i> as this may be a composite genus. <i>4.</i> <i>Gonioscelis</i> Schiner, 1866: Oldroyd (1980) lists 28 species; G. <i>francoisi</i> Oldroyd, 1970, was, however, inadvertently excluded. <i>Dasypogon scapularis</i> Macquart, 1838, has also been transferred to <i>Gonioscelis</i> since the Afrotropical catalogue was published (Londt <i>1985d:</i> 48), thus bringing the number of described species to 30. A revision of the genus is required (new material in the Natal Museum suggests there are a number of undescribed species from the Cape Province of South Africa). <i>5.</i> <i>Rhacolaemus</i> Hermann, 1907 and the monotypic <i>Teratopomyia</i> Oldroyd, 1980: The taxonomic positions of these genera require clarification as they are very similar to <i>Stenopogon</i> Loew, 1847, a widespread and variable genus.
description: Published as part of <i>Londt, Jason G. H., 1994, Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 25. A key to the genera of the subfamily Stenopogoninae with new synonymy and descriptions of six new genera, pp. 71-96 in ANNALS OF THE NATAL MUSEUM 35</i> on pages 72-77, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8360701
description: {"references": ["1983. The genus Daspletis Loew, 1858 and the description of two new genera, Anasillomos and Remotomyia (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 46 (2): 283 - 308.", "1985 a. New species of Daspletis, Oratostylum, Dasophrys and Hippomachus (Diptera: Asilidae). Cimbebasia (A) 7 (5): 67 - 76.", "1985 c. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 11. Ammodaimon acares, a new genus and species from southern Namibia (Stenopogoninae). Annals of the Natal Museum 26 (2): 497 - 501.", "1993 b. Psilinus Wulp, 1899 and Spanurus Loew, 1858 - new synonyms of Rhabdogaster Loew, 1858 (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). Journal ofAfrican Zoology 107: 383 - 392.", "1994. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 24. Afroholopogon, a new genus for Afrotropical species previously allocated to Cyrtopogon Loew, Heteropogon Loew and Holopogon Loew (Stenopogoninae). Annals of the Natal Museum 35 (0): 61 - 69.", "1992 a, Revision of three small Afrotropical asilid genera, Empodiodes Oldroyd, Hynirhynchus Lindner and Lycostommyia Oldroyd (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). Journal of African Zoology 105: 55 - 79.", "LONDT, 1. G. H. 1981 The genera Habropogon Loew and Hermannomyia Oldroyd in southern Africa (Diptera: Asilidae: Dasypogoninae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 44 (1): 69 - 78.", "1990. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 20. The genus Pycnomerinx Hull, 1962 (Stenopogoninae). Annals of the Natal Museum 31: 19 - 32.", "1992 c. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 22. The genus Scylaticus Loew, 1858 (Stenopogoninae). Annals of the Natal Museum 33 (1): 95 - 187.", "1993 c. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 23. The genera Connomyia Londt, 1992 and Danomyia gen. n. (Stenopogoninae). Annals of the Natal Museum 34 (1): 103 - 152.", "1985 b. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 10. The genus Hypenetes Loew, 1858 (Dasypogoninae). Annals of the Natal Museum 26 (2): 377 - 405.", "HULL, F. M. 1962. Robber flies of the world: the genera of the family Asilidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 224 (1): 1 -- 430, (2): 431 - 907.", "PAPAVERO, N. 1973. Studies of Asilidae (Diptera): systematics and evolution. I. A preliminary classification in subfamilies. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo 23 (3): 217 - 274.", "--- 1980. Family Asilidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. ed. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. London: British Museum (Natural History) pp. 334 - 373.", "OLDROYD, H. 1974. An introduction to the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 22 (1): 1 - 171.", "1985 d. Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 12. The genus Neolophonotus Engel, 1925. Part. l. The chionthrix, squamosus and angustibarbus species-groups (Asilinae: Asilini). Annals of the Natal Museum 27 (I): 39 - 114."]}