cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Near horizon superconformal symmetry of rotating BPS black holes in five dimensions
Creators: name: Nakamura, Masayoshi
name: Yokoi, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the asymptotic supersymmetry group of the near horizon region of the BMPV black holes, which are the rotating BPS black holes in five dimensions. When considering only bosonic fluctuations, we show that there exist consistent boundary conditions and the corresponding asymptotic symmetry group is generated by a chiral Virasoro algebra with the vanishing central charge. After turning on fermionic fluctuations with the boundary conditions, we also show that the asymptotic supersymmetry group is generated by a chiral super-Virasoro algebra with the vanishing central extension. The super-Virasoro algebra is originated in the AdS2 isometry supergroup of the near horizon solution.
description: 25 pages, Latex, no figure; references added
title: The impact of focus particles on the recognition and rejection of contrastive alternatives
Creators: name: Gotzner, Nicole
name: Wartenburger, Isabell
name: Spalek, Katharina
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The semantics of focus particles like only requires a set of alternatives (Rooth, 1992). In two experiments, we investigated the impact of such particles on the retrieval of alternatives that are mentioned in the prior context or unmentioned. The first experiment used a probe recognition task and showed that focus particles interfere with the recognition of mentioned alternatives and the rejection of unmentioned alternatives relative to a condition without a particle. A second lexical decision experiment demonstrated priming effects for mentioned and unmentioned alternatives (compared with an unrelated condition) while focus particles caused additional interference effects. Overall, our results indicate that focus particles trigger an active search for alternatives and lead to a competition between mentioned alternatives, unmentioned alternatives, and the focused element.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe, 517
The Olivary Hypothesis of Essential Tremor: Time to Lay this Model to Rest?
Creators: name: Louis, Elan D.
name: Lenka, Abhishek
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Olivary nucleus
Tremor
Movement disorders
Neurology

description: Background: Although essential tremor (ET) is the most common tremor disorder, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The traditional model of ET, proposed in the early 1970s, posited that the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) was the prime generator of tremor in ET and that ET is a disorder of electrophysiological derangement, much like epilepsy. This article comprehensively reviews the origin and basis of this model, its merits and problems, and discusses whether it is time to lay this model to rest.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed in March 2017 to identify articles for this review.

Results: The olivary model gains support from the recognition of neurons with pacemaker property in the ION and the harmaline-induced tremor models (as the ION is the prime target of harmaline). However, the olivary model is problematic, as neurons with pacemaker property are not specific to the ION and the harmaline model does not completely represent the human disease ET. In addition, a large number of neuroimaging studies in ET have not detected structural or functional changes in the ION; rather, abnormalities have been reported in structures related to the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Moreover, a post-mortem study of microscopic changes in the ION did not detect any differences between ET cases and controls.

Discussion: The olivary model largely remains a physiological construct. Numerous observations have cast considerable doubt as to the validity of this model in ET. Given the limitations of the model, we conclude that it is time now to lay this model to rest.
Cardiorespiratory physiology and temperature tolerance among populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Creators: name: Eliason Parsons, Erika Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Elevated summer water temperature has been associated with high mortality in adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during their once-in-a-lifetime migration up the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada) to their spawning grounds. There are over 100 genetically distinct populations of sockeye salmon in the Fraser River watershed, varying in migration distance, elevation gain, river temperature and river flow. This thesis studied the physiological basis for temperature tolerance in sockeye salmon and examined the overall hypothesis that each sockeye salmon population has physiologically adapted to meet their specific upriver migration conditions. Swimming and cardiorespiratory performance were compared over a range of temperatures across six wild, migrating adult sockeye salmon populations. All populations maintained maximum performance across the entire range of temperatures typically encountered during their upriver migration, with Chilko sockeye salmon emerging as the most high temperature-tolerant. In addition, populations with more challenging migrations had greater aerobic scope, larger hearts and improved coronary supply. These results suggest that sockeye salmon populations have physiologically adapted to cope with their local upriver migration conditions, despite never before having performed the upriver migration. Temperatures exceeding the population-specific thermal optimum resulted in severely impaired aerobic scope and swimming performance. This study suggests that population-specific thermal limits are set by physiological limitations in aerobic performance. Specifically, fish may be unable to swim at warm temperature due to insufficient oxygen supply to meet demand, triggered via a cardiac limitation due to reduced scope for heart rate. Given the key role of the heart in limiting thermal tolerance, the role of cardiac adrenergic stimulation was examined as a potential mechanism underlying the observed differences in thermal tolerance across sockeye salmon populations. Chilko sockeye salmon had a greater density of ventricular β-adrenoceptors, which may provide greater cardiac capacity and protection at temperature extremes, thereby expanding their breadth of thermal tolerance compared to other populations. This thesis suggests that sockeye salmon populations will be differentially affected by warming river temperatures, raising conservation concerns for biodiversity. This work provides important insight into local adaptation in sockeye salmon and identifies a possible cause for in-river mortality associated with warm temperatures in sockeye salmon.
Applications of numerical methods in design and evaluation of overtopping protection systems
Creators: name: Salazar, F.
name: San Mauro, J.
name: Larese, A.
name: Irazábal, J.
name: Morán, R.
name: Oñate, E.
name: Toledo, M. Á.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: numerical modeling
spillways
wedge-shaped blocks
overtopping protection
rockfill dams
fluid-soil-structure interaction

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: The development of overtopping protection systems often requires detailed analyses of complex physical phenomena. This hinders the comprehensive knowledge of their behavior, and therefore the development of suitable design criteria. In recent years, the authors have developed and validated different methods, combining continuous, particle and discrete numerical techniques, to obtain accurate and reliable solutions of different numerical problems involving fluid-soil-structure interaction. In this contribution, some applications of these methods to the study of dam protection against overtopping are presented. The main advantages of this approach include the ability to extract results of the governing variables (pressure, velocity) at any location of the domain, and the possibility to consider scenarios without the restrictions of the experimental facilities (flow rates, size, scale effects). In particular, the contribution gathers examples of application of numerical methods in a) analysis of rockfill dam stability against overtopping, including seepage evolution and deformation of the downstream shoulder, and b) stability analysis of wedge-shaped-blocks subjected to vandalism.
Thalamic Ventral Intermediate Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Orthostatic Tremor
Creators: name: Lehn, Alexander C.
name: O’Gorman, Cullen
name: Olson, Sarah
name: Salari, Mehri
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Brain stimulation--Therapeutic use
Tremor
Movement disorders--Treatment
Neurology

description: Background: Orthostatic tremor (OT) was first described in 1977. It is characterized by rapid tremor of 13–18 Hz and can be recorded in the lower limbs and trunk muscles. OT remains difficult to treat, although some success has been reported with deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Case Report: We report a 68-year-old male with OT who did not improve significantly after bilateral thalamic stimulation.

Discussion: Although some patients were described who improved after DBS surgery, more information is needed about the effect of these treatment modalities on OT, ideally in the form of randomized trial data.
Abnormal magnetoresistance behavior in Nb thin film with rectangular antidot lattice
Creators: name: Zhang, W. J.
name: He, S. K.
name: Li, B. H.
name: Cheng, F.
name: Xu, B.
name: Wen, Z. C.
name: Cao, W. H.
name: Han, X. F.
name: Zhao, S. P.
name: Qiu, X. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abnormal magnetoresistance behavior is found in superconducting Nb films perforated with rectangular arrays of antidots (holes). Generally magnetoresistance were always found to increase with increasing magnetic field. Here we observed a reversal of this behavior for particular in low temperature or current density. This phenomenon is due to a strong 'caging effect' which interstitial vortices are strongly trapped among pinned multivortices.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Euchroeus candens DAHLBOM 1854
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Chrysididae
Euchroeus
Euchroeus candens

description: Euchroeus candens DAHLBOM 1854
Euchroeus candens DAHLBOM, 1854: DU BUYSSON 1898b: 522 (tax., Obock).
Euchroeus candens DAHLBOM, 1854: DU BUYSSON 1898c: 272 (Djibouti).
Euchroeus candens DAHLBOM, 1854: DU BUYSSON 1899: 162 (Obock, cat. MNHN).
Euchroeus candens DAHLBOM, 1854: DU BUYSSON 1900: 134 (Djibouti).
Euchroeus candens DAHLBOM, 1854: MADL & ROSA 2012: 84 (tax., cat. Afr. reg.).
* Brugmoia torrida (MOCSÁRY, 1889): KIMSEY & BOHART 1990: 297 (tax., world cat.). * Euchroeus amabilis MOCSÁRY, 1889: MANTERO 1915: 27 (tax., Djibouti, Eritrea, Guinea Bissau).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock.
Euchroeus candens is recorded from Djibouti, Eritrea, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania (Zanzibar) and Zimbabwe. The record from Djibouti is not mentioned in BISCHOFF (1913: 29).
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 915, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
title: NAC transcription factor JUNGBRUNNEN1 enhances drought tolerance in tomato
Creators: name: Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P.
name: Devkar, Vikas
name: Mehterov, Nikolay
name: Ali, Shawkat
name: Ozgur, Rengin
name: Turkan, Ismail
name: Müller-Röber, Bernd
name: Balazadeh, Salma
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Water deficit (drought stress) massively restricts plant growth and the yield of crops; reducing the deleterious effects of drought is therefore of high agricultural relevance. Drought triggers diverse cellular processes including the inhibition of photosynthesis, the accumulation of cell‐damaging reactive oxygen species and gene expression reprogramming, besides others. Transcription factors (TF) are central regulators of transcriptional reprogramming and expression of many TF genes is affected by drought, including members of the NAC family. Here, we identify the NAC factor JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1) as a regulator of drought tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Expression of tomato JUB1 (SlJUB1) is enhanced by various abiotic stresses, including drought. Inhibiting SlJUB1 by virus‐induced gene silencing drastically lowers drought tolerance concomitant with an increase in ion leakage, an elevation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and a decrease in the expression of various drought‐responsive genes. In contrast, overexpression of AtJUB1 from Arabidopsis thaliana increases drought tolerance in tomato, alongside with a higher relative leaf water content during drought and reduced H2O2 levels. AtJUB1 was previously shown to stimulate expression of DREB2A, a TF involved in drought responses, and of the DELLA genes GAI and RGL1. We show here that SlJUB1 similarly controls the expression of the tomato orthologs SlDREB1, SlDREB2 and SlDELLA. Furthermore, AtJUB1 directly binds to the promoters of SlDREB1, SlDREB2 and SlDELLA in tomato. Our study highlights JUB1 as a transcriptional regulator of drought tolerance and suggests considerable conservation of the abiotic stress‐related gene regulatory networks controlled by this NAC factor between Arabidopsis and tomato.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 568
Heat Load and Stress Studies for an Design of the Photon Collimator for the ILC Positron Source
Creators: name: Staufenbiel, F.
name: Adeyemi, O. S.
name: Kovalenko, V.
name: Moortgat-Pick, G.
name: Malysheva, L.
name: Riemann, S.
name: Ushakov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ILC baseline design for the positron source is based on radiation from a helical undulator to produce positrons in a thin target. Since the photon beam created in the helical undulator is circularly polarized, the generated positron beam is longitudinally polarized. Using a photon collimator upstream the positron target the positron polarization can be enhanced. However, the photon beam intensity yields a huge thermal load in the collimator material. In this paper the thermal load and heat dissipation in the photon collimator is discussed and design solutions are suggested.
Management of Elevated Therapeutic Impedances on Deep Brain Stimulation Leads
Creators: name: Deeb, Wissam
name: Patel, Amar S.
name: Okun, Michael S.
name: Gunduz, Aysegul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Brain stimulation--Therapeutic use
Movement disorders--Treatment
Tremor
Biomedical engineering
Neurology

description: Clinical Vignette: A 64-year-old male with a history of essential tremor with bilateral thalamic ventralis intermedius deep brain stimulation implants had elevated therapeutic impedance values despite normal lead integrity impedances and good response to stimulation.

Clinical Dilemma: Do elevated therapeutic impedance values indicate a sign of hardware malfunction? What are the guidelines to approach deep brain stimulation hardware malfunction?

Clinical Solution: Lead integrity impedance values are a better evaluation of hardware integrity. The discrepancy between therapeutic and lead-integrity impedance values can arise when using low voltage settings.

Gaps in Knowledge: There are no established guidelines for the management of possible hardware malfunction in deep brain stimulation. The recommended approach is to distinguish between open and short circuit problems followed by an “inching” evaluation, assessing the structures from the implantable and programmable generator to the intracranial leads. Constant-current devices will deliver a more stable stimulation but the effect of their adoption is still not clear.

Expert Commentary: This case emphasizes the need for clinicians to understand fundamental differences in lead integrity and therapeutic impedance while utilizing a methodical approach in treating hardware malfunction. It highlights future avenues of investigation regarding the utility of constant current DBS technology.
Density functional theory with fractional orbital occupations
Creators: name: Chai, Jeng-Da
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to the original Kohn-Sham (KS) formalism, we propose a density functional theory (DFT) with fractional orbital occupations for the study of ground states of many-electron systems, wherein strong static correlation is shown to be described. Even at the simplest level represented by the local density approximation (LDA), our resulting DFT-LDA is shown to improve upon KS-LDA for multi-reference systems, such as dissociation of H2 and N2, and twisted ethylene, while performing similarly to KS-LDA for single-reference systems, such as reaction energies and equilibrium geometries. Because of its computational efficiency (similar to KS-LDA), this DFT-LDA is applied to the study of the singlet-triplet energy gaps (ST gaps) of acenes, which are "challenging problems" for conventional electronic structure methods due to the presence of strong static correlation effects. Our calculated ST gaps are in good agreement with the existing experimental and high-level ab initio data. The ST gaps are shown to decrease monotonically with the increase of chain length, and become vanishingly small (within 0.1 kcal/mol) in the limit of an infinitely large polyacene. In addition, based on our calculated active orbital occupation numbers, the ground states for large acenes are shown to be polyradical singlets.
description: accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phys., 45 pages, 21 figures, 3 tables, supplementary material not included
The Inter-rater Variability of Clinical Assessment in Post-anoxic Myoclonus
Creators: name: Van Zijl, Jonathan C.
name: Beudel, Martijn
name: Elting, Jan-Willem J.
name: De Jong, Bauke M.
name: Van Der Naalt, Joukje
name: Van Den Bergh, Walter M.
name: Rossetti, Andrea O.
name: Tijssen, Marina A. J.
name: Horn, Janneke
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Neurology
Myoclonus
Prognosis

description: Background: Acute post-anoxic myoclonus (PAM) can be divided into an unfavorable (generalized/subcortical) and more favorable ((multi)focal/cortical) outcome group that could support prognostication in post-anoxic encephalopathy; however, the inter-rater variability of clinically assessing these PAM subtypes is unknown.

Methods: We prospectively examined PAM patients using a standardized video protocol. Videos were rated by three neurologists who classified PAM phenotype (generalized/(multi)focal), stimulus sensitivity, localization (proximal/distal/both), and severity (Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) and Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale (UMRS)).

Results: Poor inter-rater agreement was found for phenotype and stimulus sensitivity (κ = –0.05), moderate agreement for localization (κ = 0.46). Substantial agreement was obtained for the CGI-S (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.64) and almost perfect agreement for the UMRS (ICC = 0.82).

Discussion: Clinical assessment of PAM is not reproducible between physicians, and should therefore not be used for prognostication. PAM severity measured by the UMRS appears to be reliable; however, the relation between PAM severity and outcome is unknown.
Complete type IIA superstring action on IIA plane wave background
Creators: name: Park, Jaemo
name: Shin, Hyeonjoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the type IIA Green-Schwarz superstring action on a ten-dimensional IIA plane wave background with 24 supersymmetries keeping the full 32 fermionic coordinates. Starting from the symmetry superalgebra for the maximally supersymmetric eleven dimensional plane wave background, we obtain the eleven dimensional superfields. The Kaluza-Klein reduction leads to the ten dimensional superfields for the IIA plane wave background, from which the type IIA superstring action is constructed. We show that the superstring action reduces correctly to the previously known light-cone gauge fixed action upon imposing the light-cone $κ$-symmetry fixing condition.
description: 25 pages
title: Frustration of purpose: public health and the future of death investigation in England & Wales.
Creators: name: McGowen, Catherine R
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2012

description: Coroners have existed since the 12th century when they were created to support itinerant judges and, thus, facilitate the levying of fines on people living in England and (following the Edwardian Conquest) those in Wales. Over the centuries, the medieval coroner lost this function and his descendants have, in spite of a long-standing lack of central guidance, been forced to reinvent the coronial identity and to discover a modem purpose. The coroner operates in the space between law and medicine. Consequently, the coroner has been forced to adapt to the development of medical science, the normalisation and codification of human rights, and the development of the theory and practice of public health. Recent scandals - most notably the inquiry into the crimes of Harold Shipman - have highlighted the shortcomings of the office and have resulted in calls for reform. Though there is clearly a case for change, and many have made specific suggestions as to how the office should be modernised, few have considered that what underlies many of the problems of the coroner system/office, and its anachronistic and atavistic nature is a fundamental lack of a responsible and logical purpose. The study attempts to describe the problems encountered by the coroner in recent years, to provide a background to outline the coroner’s evolution from the 12th century, and to pose the question: what, ultimately, is the purpose of the coroner? This study is based on a) qualitative interviews with coroners in England and Wales, b) qualitative interviews with professionals who encounter coroners through their work, c) observation of coroners during inquests, and d) a written submission to coroners requesting inquest data. Coroners were asked to state and describe their purpose - there was no consensus. Coroners described their purpose in one of six ways: to ‘give families closure’, to protect public health and safety, to discover homicide, to enforce Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights, to provide public reassurance, and to investigate the military. One coroner believed the question of purpose not to be germane. This study considers each response and attempts to come to an evidence-based, normative conclusion as to the purpose of the coroner. Some have suggested that the coroner’s role is both complex and multifarious and should necessarily include several distinct purposes; however, in practice, these purposes often undermine and contradict each other. This study argues for a single, overriding purpose for the coroner. In addition, the work considers changes which might render the office capable of pursing the normative purpose in a contemporary context in which our understanding of public health is more developed.
Velopharyngeal Dystonia: An Unusual Focal Task-specific Dystonia?
Creators: name: Patel, Amar S.
name: Sulica, Lucian
name: Frucht, Steven J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Spasmodic dysphonia
Voice disorders
Neurology

description: Background: Velopharyngeal dysfunction produces a nasal speech pattern because of the inability to close the nasal airway during speech, most often associated with anatomical abnormalities of the palate.

Case Report: We describe two cases of possible velopharyngeal dystonia, a task-specific movement disorder causing a speech pattern similar to velopharyngeal dysfunction. Both patients experienced treatment response with anticholinergic medication.

Discussion: Dystonia affecting speech via involvement of the pharyngeal musculature may be an unrecognized etiology of voice disorders.
Initial state dependence of the quench dynamics in integrable quantum systems. II. Thermal states
Creators: name: He, Kai
name: Rigol, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study properties of isolated integrable quantum systems after a sudden quench starting from thermal states. We show that, even if the system is initially in thermal equilibrium at finite temperature, the diagonal entropy after a quench remains a fraction of the entropy in the generalized ensembles introduced to describe integrable systems after relaxation. The latter is also, in general, different from the entropy in thermal equilibrium. Furthermore, we examine the difference between the distribution of conserved quantities in the thermal and generalized ensembles after a quench and show that they are also, in general, different from each other. This explains why these systems fail to thermalize. A finite size scaling analysis is presented for each quantity, which allows us making predictions for thermodynamically large lattice sizes.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, as published
Cfd simulation of multiphase separators
Creators: name: Pourahmadi Laleh, Ali
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 191-196
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Includes a supplementary CD-Rom.
description: The multiphase separators are generally the first and largest process equipment in an oil production platform, furthermore this primary separation step is a key element in the oil and gas production facilities in that downstream equipment, such as compressors, are completely dependent on the efficient performance of these multiphase separators. This research project applied Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based simulation to model multiphase separators. In order to capture both macroscopic and microscopic aspects of multiphase separation phenomenon, an efficient combination of two multiphase models of the established commercial CFD package, Fluent 6.3.26, was used. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was used to simulate the phase behavior and fluid flow patterns, and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used to model the movement of fluid droplets injected at the separator inlet. The "particle tracking" based simulation of the multiphase separation process was the key aspect of this research project, and the developed model did provide high-quality visualization of multiphase separation process. The research project involved the CFD simulation of four pilot-plant-scale two-phase separators and one industrial scale three-phase separator, including all the installed internals. There was excellent agreement between simulated phase separation behavior and the empirical observations and data gleaned from the pilot plant. The research project also evaluated the classic separator design methodologies usmg detailed CFD based simulations, and proposed improved design criteria. In order to specify an effective optimum separator, a useful method was developed for estimation of the droplet sizes used to calculate realistic separation velocities for various oilfield conditions. The most important parameters affecting these efficient droplet sizes were the vapor density and the oil viscosity. In contrast with classic design strategies, the CFD simulation results showed that additional residence times are required for droplets to penetrate through the interfaces. Moreover, the Abraham equation should be used instead of Stokes' law in the liquid-liquid separation calculations. The velocity constraints caused by re-entrainment in horizontal separators were also studied via comprehensive CFD simulations, and led to novel correlations for the re-entrainment phenomenon. Hence, this research project does show the benefits that CFD analyses can provide in optimizing the design of new separators and solving problems with existing designs.
Soil-cement for high-velocity spillway flow applications
Creators: name: Kadrmas, Korey J.
name: Huzjak, Robert J.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: soil-cement
high-velocity
spillway
overtopping
protection

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Although soil-cement has been used on many dams for slope erosion protection for over 50 years, soil-cement has had limited use as an overtopping liner protection for spillways. The application of soil-cement for a spillway liner was researched and modeled to establish performance criteria to support design of an auxiliary spillway for a new large, high hazard dam in Colorado. Case studies were researched and hydraulic performance tests were conducted at the Hydraulics Laboratory at the Engineering Research Center of Colorado State University (CSU) to establish design criteria for soil-cement lined spillways subject to high-velocity flows. The purpose of this paper is to supplement the existing base of research regarding the suitability of soil-cement for hard protection channel lining applications subject to high-velocity flow. Information in this paper was developed from a special application testing program developed for an emergency spillway for a dam in Colorado. The paper will include the methods and procedures of batching and placing the soil-cement specimens, a summary of data collected, results, and conclusions for the soil-cement performance testing program.
Digitizing Tablet and Fahn–Tolosa–Marín Ratings of Archimedes Spirals have Comparable Minimum Detectable Change in Essential Tremor
Creators: name: Elble, Rodger J.
name: Ellenbogen, Aaron
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Tremor
Movement disorders--Patients
Spirals
Medical technology
Tablet computers

description: Background: Drawing Archimedes spirals is a popular and valid method of assessing action tremor in the upper limbs. We performed the first blinded comparison of Fahn–Tolosa–Marín (FTM) ratings and tablet measures of essential tremor to determine if a digitizing tablet is better than 0–4 ratings in detecting changes in essential tremor that exceed random variability in tremor amplitude.

Methods: The large and small spirals of FTM were drawn with each hand on two consecutive days by 14 men and four women (age 60±8.7 years [mean±SD]) with mild to severe essential tremor. The drawings were simultaneously digitized with a digitizing tablet. Tremor in each digitized drawing was computed with spectral analysis in an independent laboratory, blinded to the clinical ratings. The mean peak-to-peak tremor displacement (cm) in the four spirals and mean FTM ratings were compared statistically.

Results: Test–retest intraclass correlations (ICCs) (two-way random single measures, absolute agreement) were excellent for the FTM ratings (ICC 0.90, 95% CI 0.76–0.96) and tablet (ICC 0.97, 95% CI 0.91–0.99). Log10 tremor amplitude (T) and FTM were strongly correlated (logT = αFTM + β, α≈0.6, β≈–1.27, r = 0.94). The minimum detectable change for the tablet and FTM were 51% and 67% of the initial assessment.

Discussion: Digitizing tablets are much more precise than clinical ratings, but this advantage is mitigated by the natural variability in tremor. Nevertheless, the digitizing tablet is a robust method of quantifying tremor that can be used in lieu of or in combination with clinical ratings.
The influence of rumination, distraction and mindfulness on cardiovascular recovery from stress
Creators: name: Key, Brenda Louise
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 106-127
description: The central aims of the present study were to determine if mindfulness and distraction inductions would decrease rumination following a stressor and to investigate whether changes in post stressor rumination would influence cardiovascular recovery. Additional goals were to assess the influence of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention on rumination, mindfulness, depressed mood and symptoms of stress. Cardiovascular and psychological data was collected from 101 undergraduate students during two identical laboratory-testing sessions 5 weeks apart. Each testing session included a 5-minute baseline period, 5-minute stress task and a 15-minute recovery period. Participants were randomized to one of three conditions: mindfulness, distraction or control. During the recovery period, participants in the distraction condition received a distraction induction, those in the control condition received no induction and those in the mindfulness condition received a mindfulness induction. Participants in the mindfulness condition also received a 4-week mindfulness meditation intervention during the period between laboratory testing sessions while participants in the distraction and control conditions received no intervention. Results indicated that, at testing session two, participants in the mindfulness condition showed the greatest decreases in post stressor state rumination compared to the other conditions. The conditions did not differ on cardiovascular reactivity or recovery at either testing session. Mindfulness participants reported increases in trait mindfulness and decreases in depressed mood, following the brief mindfulness meditation intervention, compared to participants who did not receive the intervention. The brief mindfulness intervention was not associated with changes in trait rumination or symptoms of stress. The preliminary findings of the present study suggest the efficacy of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention for decreasing depressed mood, decreasing state rumination, in response to mental stress, and increasing mindfulness compared to a no-intervention control.
Plasma modification of wood to improve the performance of clear coatings
Creators: name: Haase Masek, Jonathan George
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Wood is susceptible to photodegradation, particularly by ultraviolet (UV) light which triggers photochemical reactions in wood up to 100 µm from the surface. Painting may protect the wood from sunlight, however, consumers prefer clear-coatings because they reveal wood’s grain. Unfortunately, clear finishes on wood used outdoors fail within 1-2 years because sunlight transmitted through the clear-coating degrades the underlying wood. I hypothesized that the performance of clear-coatings on wood used outdoors would be improved if the clear-coating could penetrate deeply into the wood and bond with sub-surface layers of wood that are less affected by UV light. Glow discharge plasma derived from water was used to etch and open up flow paths at the surface of the refractory wood species, black spruce. Image analysis was used to assess the penetration of two polyurethane clear-coatings into wood, and the adhesion (pull-off) of clear-coatings to unweathered wood was measured. A second experiment examined the changes in color, gloss and integrity of clear-coats on plasma treated and coated specimens subjected to artificial accelerated weathering. Plasma treatment of black spruce for 20 min significantly increased the penetration of clear coatings into sub-surface layers of wood (50-75 µm). However, the adhesion of the polyurethane clear coatings on wood depended much more on coating type (adhesion of the water-borne was better than that of the oil-borne coating). Plasma pre-treatments decreased film failure of coatings on flat-sawn specimens exposed to artificial weathering, but increased the surface yellowing of coated wood specimens. The oil-borne polyurethane performed better in terms of three performance criteria (redness, yellowness and gloss), while the water-borne was superior in terms of changes in lightness. I conclude that plasma treatment can increase the penetration of coatings into wood if the plasma can etch the wood and open up important flow-paths. However, plasma treatments have no positive effect on the adhesion of polyurethane coatings to black spruce wood and adhesion is influenced more by the type of coating. Finally, plasma treatments can have positive and negative effects on the exterior performance of coatings on wood depending on the criteria used to assess performance.
General relativistic radiation hydrodynamics of accretion flows: II. Treating stiff source terms and exploring physical limitations
Creators: name: Roedig, Constanze
name: Zanotti, Olindo
name: Alic, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the implementation of an implicit-explicit (IMEX) Runge-Kutta numerical scheme for general relativistic hydrodynamics coupled to an optically thick radiation field in two existing GR-hydrodynamics codes. We argue that the necessity of such an improvement arises naturally in astrophysically relevant regimes where the optical thickness is high as the equations become stiff. By performing several 1D tests we verify the codes' new ability to deal with this stiffness and show consistency. Then, still in 1D, we compute a luminosity versus accretion rate diagram for the setup of spherical accretion onto a Schwarzschild black hole and find good agreement with previous work. Lastly, we revisit the supersonic Bondi Hoyle Lyttleton (BHL) accretion in 2D where we can now present simulations of realistic temperatures, down to T~10^6 K. Here we find that radiation pressure plays an important role, but also that these highly dynamical set-ups push our approximate treatment towards the limit of physical applicability. The main features of radiation hydrodynamics BHL flows manifest as (i) an effective adiabatic index approaching gamma_effective ~ 4/3; (ii) accretion rates two orders of magnitude lower than without radiation pressure; (iii) luminosity estimates around the Eddington limit, hence with an overall radiative efficiency as small as eta ~ 10^{-2}; (iv) strong departures from thermal equilibrium in shocked regions; (v) no appearance of the flip-flop instability. We conclude that the current optically thick approximation to the radiation transfer does give physically substantial improvements over the pure hydro also in set-ups departing from equilibrium, and, once accompanied by an optically thin treatment, is likely to provide a fundamental tool for investigating accretion flows in a large variety of astrophysical systems.
description: 15 pages, MNRAS accepted
title: Assessment of Destabilizing Factors on a Potential Landslide Slope in Sofia Kettle –Example from the German Village Area, Bulgaria
Creators: name: Krastanov, Miroslav
Publisher: name: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 420-431
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: In the present study, a specific sample area has been selected, where an assessment model is made for the stability of a slope subjected to anthropogenic impacts. A slope from the foot of the Lozenska mountain in the periphery of the Sofia kettle has been chosen as such an exemplary area, as part of the dangers arising in the Trans-Balkan valleys. Landslide processes as a result of anthropogenic impact often occur on the territory of the Sofia valley. The increased construction, the development of hard-to-reach terrains with large slopes, their undermining, the seismic impact and the low values of the strength-deformation parameters of the geological varieties building the respective terrains contribute to their occurrence. The deforestation, the loads with heavy embankments, the hydration, the inhomogeneity of the layers of the earth base have a strong destabilizing effect. The terrain in question is located in the southeastern part of the village of German, at the base of a steep 35 ÷ 49º slope. The paper presents the results of field and laboratory studies, analyzes of slope stability by the method of Felenius. The severity of the impact of the various destabilizing factors was assessed.
description: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 420-431
Intractable Blepharospasm Treated with Bilateral Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation
Creators: name: Luthra, Nijee S.
name: Mitchell, Kyle T.
name: Volz, Monica M.
name: Tamir, Idit
name: Starr, Phillip A.
name: Ostrem, Jill
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Eyelids--Diseases
Brain stimulation--Therapeutic use
Dystonia
Globus pallidus
Neurology

description: Background: Blepharospasm can be present as an isolated dystonia or in conjunction with other forms of cranial dystonia, causing significant disability.

Case Report: We report a case of a 69-year-old male with craniocervical dystonia, manifesting primarily as incapacitating blepharospasm refractory to medical treatments. He underwent bilateral globus pallidus (GP) deep brain stimulation (DBS) with complete resolution of his blepharospasm and sustained benefit at 12 months postoperatively.

Discussion: This case illustrates successful treatment of blepharospasm with pallidal stimulation. GP-DBS should be considered a reasonable therapeutic option for intractable blepharospasm.
Quantum phase slip interference device based on superconducting nanowire
Creators: name: Hongisto, T. T.
name: Zorin, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a transistor-like circuit including two serially connected segments of a narrow superconducting nanowire joint by a wider segment with a capacitively coupled gate in between. This circuit is made of amorphous NbSi film and embedded in a network of on-chip Cr microresistors ensuring a sufficiently high external electromagnetic impedance. Assuming a virtual regime of quantum phase slips (QPS)in two narrow segments of the wire, leading to quantum interference of voltages on these segments, this circuit is dual to the dc SQUID. Our samples demonstrated appreciable Coulomb blockade voltage (analog of critical current of the SQUIDs) and periodic modulation of this blockade by an electrostatic gate (analog of flux modulation in the SQUIDs). The model of this QPS transistor is discussed.
description: 5 pages including 3 figures; in v2 the title was updated, typos were fixed and 4 references added
Risk Factors for Tremor in a Population of Patients with Severe Mental Illness: An 18-year Prospective Study in a Geographically Representative Sample (The Curacao Extrapyramidal Syndromes Study XI)
Creators: name: Mentzel, Charlotte L.
name: Bakker, P. Roberto
name: Van Os, Jim
name: Drukker, Marjan
name: Van Den Oever, Michiel R. H.
name: Matroos, Glenn E.
name: Hoek, Hans W.
name: Tijssen, Marina A. J.
name: Van Harten, Peter N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Tremor
Mentally ill
Epidemiology
Neurology

description: Background: The aim was to assess incidence, prevalence and risk factors of medication-induced tremor in African-Caribbean patients with severe mental illness (SMI).

Method: A prospective study of SMI patients receiving care from the only mental health service of the previous Dutch Antilles. Eight clinical assessments, over 18 years, focused on movement disorders, medication use, and resting tremor (RT) and (postural) action tremor (AT). Risk factors were modeled with logistic regression for both current (having) tremor and for tremor at the next time point (developing). The latter used a time-lagged design to assess medication changes prior to a change in tremor state.

Results: Yearly tremor incidence rate was 2.9% and mean tremor point prevalence was 18.4%. Over a third of patients displayed tremor during the study. Of the patients, 5.2% had AT with 25% of cases persisting to the next time point, while 17.1% of patients had RT of which 65.3% persisted. When tremor data were examined in individual patients, they often had periods of tremor interspersed with periods of no tremor.

Having RT was associated with age (OR = 1.07 per year; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.11), sex (OR = 0.17 for males; 0.05–0.78), cocaine use (OR = 10.53; 2.22–49.94), dyskinesia (OR = 0.90; 0.83–0.97), and bradykinesia (OR = 1.16; 1.09–1.22). Developing RT was strongly associated with previous measurement RT (OR = 9.86; 3.80–25.63), with previous RT severity (OR = 1.22; 1.05–1.41), and higher anticholinergic load (OR = 1.24; 1.08–1.43).

Having AT was associated with tremor-inducing medication (OR = 4.54; 1.90–10.86), cocaine use (OR = 14.04; 2.38–82.96), and bradykinesia (OR = 1.07; 1.01–1.15). Developing AT was associated with, previous AT severity (OR = 2.62 per unit; 1.64–4.18) and tremor reducing medication (OR = 0.08; 0.01–0.55).

Conclusions: Long-stay SMI patients are prone to developing tremors, which show a relapsing–remitting course. Differentiation between RT and AT is important as risk factors differ and they require different prevention and treatment strategies.