cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Doppler_TAP.pdf
Creators: name: Anirban Ghosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we study the time-variance of a roadside infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) channel operating at 60 GHz millimetre wave (mmWave) band, where the time-variance is caused by moving vehicles acting as scatterers. At first, measurement data is obtained by placing the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX) at different heights to emulate a link between two nonidentical roadside units (RSUs), and the time-domain channel sounding is performed by sending complementary Golay sequences from the TX to the RX. Next, the corresponding temporal autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find the coherence time and Doppler spread of the I2I channel, where our proposed method overcomes the limitations of the measurement set up. Fourier transform of the piecewise-defined ACF model matches well with the measured Doppler spectrum and both the ACF and the Doppler spectrum
are in agreement with the analytical results for fixed-to-fixed (F2F) channels with moving scatterers. Finally, a framework is presented for time-variant channel impulse response (CIR) simulation which focuses on moving scatterers only. The framework is useful for time-variant vehicular I2I channel simulation and in speed estimation related vehicular applications.
Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty and Inequality? The Vexed Role of Agricultural Distortions
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Cockburn, John
name: Martin, William J.
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Cockburn, John
name: Martin, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Poverty
subject: income inequality
subject: price distortions
subject: farm trade policy

description: Trade policy reforms in recent decades have sharply reduced the distortions that were harming agriculture in developing countries, yet global trade in farm products continues to be far more distorted than trade in nonfarm goods. Those distortions reduce some forms of poverty and inequality but worsen others, so the net effects are unclear without empirical modeling. This paper summarizes a series of new economy-wide global and national empirical studies that focus on the net effects of the remaining distortions to world merchandise trade on poverty and inequality globally and in various developing countries. The global LINKAGE model results suggest that removing those remaining distortions would reduce international inequality, largely by boosting net farm incomes and raising real wages for unskilled workers in developing countries, and would reduce the number of poor people worldwide by 3 percent. The analysis based on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model for a sample of 15 countries, and ten stand-alone national case studies, all point to larger reductions in poverty, especially if only the non-poor are subjected to increased income taxation to compensate for the loss of trade tax revenue.
Unidentified gamma-ray sources off the Galactic plane as low-mass microquasars?
Creators: name: Grenier, I. A.
name: Bernado, M. M. Kaufman
name: Romero, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A subset of the unidentified EGRET gamma-ray sources with no active galactic nucleus or other conspicuous counterpart appears to be concentrated at medium latitudes. Their long-term variability and their spatial distribution indicate that they are distinct from the more persistent sources associated with the nearby Gould Belt. They exhibit a large scale height of 1.3 +/- 0.6 kpc above the Galactic plane. Potential counterparts for these sources include microquasars accreting from a low-mass star and spewing a continuous jet. Detailed calculations have been performed of the jet inverse Compton emission in the radiation fields from the star, the accretion disc, and a hot corona. Different jet Lorentz factors, powers, and aspect angles have been explored. The up-scattered emission from the corona predominates below 100 MeV whereas the disc and stellar contributions are preponderant at higher energies for moderate (~15 deg) and small (~1 deg) aspect angles, respectively. Yet, unlike in the high-mass, brighter versions of these systems, the external Compton emission largely fails to produce the luminosities required for 5 to 10 kpc distant EGRET sources. Synchrotron-self-Compton emission appears as a promising alternative.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Contributed paper to the "Multiwavelength Approach to Unidentified Gamma-Ray Sources", Eds. K.S. Cheng & G.E. Romero, to appear in Astrophysics and Space Science journal
Time-dependent atomic magnetometry with a recurrent neural network
Creators: name: Khanahmadi, Maryam
name: Mølmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to employ a recurrent neural network to estimate a fluctuating magnetic field from continuous optical Faraday rotation measurement on an atomic ensemble. We show that an encoder-decoder architecture neural network can process measurement data and learn an accurate map between recorded signals and the time-dependent magnetic field. The performance of this method is comparable to Kalman filters while it is free of the theory assumptions that restrict their application to particular measurements and physical systems.
description: 8 pages
HS0702+6043: A star showing both short-period p-mode and long-period g-mode oscillations
Creators: name: Schuh, S.
name: Huber, J.
name: Dreizler, S.
name: Heber, U.
name: O'Toole, S. J.
name: Green, E. M.
name: Fontaine, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Context.] The hot subdwarf B star HS0702+6043 is known as a large-amplitude, short-period p-mode pulsator of the EC14026 type. Its atmospheric parameters place it at the common boundary between the empirical instability regions of the EC14026 variables and the typically cooler long-period g-mode pulsators of the PG1716 kind. [Aims.] We analyse and interpret the photometric variability of HS0702+6043 in order to explore its asteroseismological potential. [Methods.] We report on rapid wide band CCD photometric observations to follow up on and confirm the serendipitous discovery of multiperiodic long-period luminosity variations with typical time scales of ~1h in HS0702+6043, in addition to the two previously known pulsations at 363s and 383s. In particular, we isolate a relatively low-amplitude (~4 mmag), long-period (3538+-130s) light variation. [Results.] We argue that the most likely origin for this luminosity variation is the presence of an excited g-mode pulsation. If confirmed, HS0702+6043 would constitute a rare addition to the very select class of pulsating stars showing simultaneously parts of their pressure and gravity mode pulsation spectra. The asteroseismological potential of such stars is immense, and HS0702+6043 thus becomes a target of choice for future investigations. While our discovery appears consistent with the location of HS0702+6043 at the common boundary between the two families of pulsating sdB stars, it does challenge theory's current description of stability and driving mechanisms in pulsating B subdwarfs.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Nano-imaging of the edge-dependent optical polarization anisotropy of black phosphorus
Creators: name: Joshi, Prakriti P.
name: Li, Ruiyu
name: Spellberg, Joseph L.
name: Liang, Liangbo
name: King, Sarah B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure and functionality of 2D materials is highly sensitive to structural morphology, opening the possibility for manipulating material properties, but also making predictable and reproducible functionality challenging. Black phosphorus (BP), a corrugated orthorhombic 2D material, has in-plane optical absorption anisotropy critical for applications such as directional photonics, plasmonics, and waveguides. Here, we use polarization-dependent photoemission electron microscopy to visualize the anisotropic optical absorption of BP with 54 nm spatial resolution. We find the edges of BP flakes have a shift in their optical polarization anisotropy from the flake interior due to the 1D confinement and symmetry reduction at flake edges that alter the electronic charge distributions and transition dipole moments of edge electronic states, confirmed with first-principles calculations. These results uncover previously hidden modification of the polarization-dependent absorbance at the edges of BP, highlighting the opportunity for selective excitation of edge states of 2D materials with polarized light.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Numerical fatigue analysis of tubular joints of support structures for offshore wind turbines
Creators: name: Ferraz, Gonçalo
name: Glisic, Ana
name: P Schaumman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The fatigue performance of welded connections is usually a design driving criteria of support structures for Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs), due to high level of fatigue loads as well as a large number of load cycles. Components with load cycles of this magnitude can hardly be analyzed by means of experimental research and, for that fact, the development of improved numerical models is an important area of fatigue research. For fatigue verifications, it is common practice to evaluate the calculated damage based on Hot Spot Stresses (HSSs) in combination with related S-N curves. Regarding the type of OWT support structure, nominal stress approach may be used to determine the damage values for monopile structures. For tubular joints of jacket structures, the nominal stress approach is not applicable, once the geometrical characteristic of tubular joints, especially with respect to multiplanar joints, has a complicated influence to the HSSs. In such analyses, there is a need to quantify the ratio between the HSS and the corresponding nominal stress of the loaded member end, using the Stress Concentration Factors (SCFs). In order to push superior risk and cost considerations to a new level, a research project within the framework of the Innovative Training Network (ITN) AEOLUS4FUTURE is under development, in the topic of local fatigue design methods of support structures for OWTs. In this paper, the fatigue behavior of a tubular X-joint is analyzed by means of the Structural Stress Approach (SSA), using parametric formulas (Efthymiou and Lloyd´s Register equations) and proper numerical simulations. SFCs resulting from parametric and numerical simulations are compared and parameters such as mesh refinement and unit load cases are taken into account. Furthermore, sophisticated Notch Stress Approach (NSA) is applied, and the influence of different notch radius is evaluated under this approach. Such analyses are performed using simulation tools developed at the Institute for Steel Construction of Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, namely software Falcos®. Finally, SCFs estimated according to standard and the advanced approaches are discussed, and conclusions are made.
Changing contributions of different agricultural policy instruments to global reductions in trade and welfare
Creators: name: Croser, Johanna L.
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Croser, Johanna L.
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural price and trade policies
subject: trade restrictiveness index

description: Trade negotiators and policy advisors are keen to know the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to international trade and economic welfare. Nominal rates of assistance or producer support estimates are incomplete indicators, especially when (especially in developing countries) some commodities are taxed and others are subsidized in which case positive contributions can offset negative contributions. This paper develops and estimates a new set of more-satisfactory indicators to examine the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to reductions in agricultural trade and welfare, drawing on recent literature on trade restrictiveness indexes and a recently compiled database on distortions to agricultural prices for 75 developing and high-income countries over the period 1960 to 2004. Results confirm earlier findings that border taxes are the dominant instrument affecting global trade and welfare, but they also suggest declines in export taxes contributed nearly as much as cuts in import protection to global welfare gains from agricultural policy reforms since the 1980s.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND EFFICIENCY IN MAIZE PRODUCTION IN BENUE STATE NIGERIA: A PARAMETRIC STOCHASTIC INPUT DISTANCE FUNCTION APPROACH
Creators: name: Aye, Goodness C.
name: Mungatana, Eric D.
name: Aye, Goodness C.
name: Mungatana, Eric D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The study evaluates the technical, allocative and cost efficiencies of maize farmers and analyses the impact of technological innovations on these efficiency measures. The investigation of farm efficiency is of vital importance from both microeconomic and macroeconomic points of view. It indicates the potentials there is to improve productivity, household welfare, overall economic growth and poverty reduction by improving efficiency. It also assists policy makers in better targeting and priority setting. Policy conclusions may vary with the approach used for analysis. A number of efficiency studies in Nigeria employed the stochastic production or cost function approach. While the former may suffer from simultaneous equation bias, the later may not be practical when there is limited input price variation among farms as is evidenced in the study area or when there is a systematic deviation from cost minimizing behaviour. This study contributes methodologically by employing a parametric stochastic input distance function approach that avoids all of these problems. Results show that there is considerable inefficiency among the maize farmers and that technological innovations have significant positive impact on efficiency. Thus there is need for further public investment in maize technology development and other policy factors expected to bring about efficiency improvement of the farmers.
Livestock Banks and Food Security in Laos
Creators: name: Begg, Michael
name: Santos, Paulo
name: Begg, Michael
name: Santos, Paulo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Laos
subject: Livestock banks
subject: Rice production
subject: Propensity score matching

description: The literature analysing the impacts of livestock banks is limited to a small number of papers, mostly of a qualitative nature. This paper contributes to the knowledge on the impacts of this type of intervention on short- term household food security through the analysis of original data form 112 households that participated in a pig bank in Laos. Taking advantage of the staggered implementation of the program, we use propensity score matching the show that receiving pigs reduces household rice production by approximately 34 percent in the first harvest after participation commenced. However, the effects are differentiated across initial wealth status of the beneficiary: if the household was classified as being poor before the start of the program, participation has no meaningful impact on rice production. The policy implications of the analysis are examined.
The protective mechanism of complete Freund’s adjuvant in type 1 diabetes
Creators: name: Lee, I-Fang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Type 1 diabetes is a multi-factorial disease resulting from the destruction of β- cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, causing a serious derangement of glucose metabolism that can be fatal in patients deprived of insulin treatment. It has been reported that P-cell destruction in this disease is mainly mediated by self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Previous studies have shown that a single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) prevents diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, but the mechanism(s) of protection remain unclear. In this thesis I have shown that CFA immunization of both NOD mice as well as cyclophosphamideaccelerated NOD mice markedly reduced the incidence of diabetes and that this reduced incidence was associated with a decrease in the number of B-cell specific, autoreactive CTL. In addition, the adoptive transfer of diabetes into syngeneic NOD / SCID recipients was prevented by CFA immunization and the protective effects of CFA were lost when cells expressing the natural killer (NK) cell marker, asialo GM1 were removed from both donor cells and recipient mice. Returning a population of CD3-DX5+ cells to the adoptive transfer restored the protective effects of CFA . Therefore, NK cells mediate the protective effects of CFA possibly through the downregulation of autoreactive CTL and stimulation of NK cells represents a novel approach to the prevention of autoimmune diabetes.
An economic assessment of a proposed dry land Leucaena development within the Brigalow Belt of Central Queensland: An operational case study perspective
Creators: name: Best, Mark
name: Symes, Lindy
name: Best, Mark
name: Symes, Lindy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Production Economics

description: This following case study focuses on beef production using dry land leucaena to increase production on a property of alluvial scrub flats south of Biloela, Queensland. The investment proposal is for development of the property through the growing of the fodder legume tree crop leucaena. The benefit of finishing cattle on leucaena is estimated using partial budgeting techniques. The case study reports on aspects of agronomic, managerial, production and economic considerations for 174 hectares of dry land leucaena development, staged over four years. A discounted cash flow approach was applied in order to model expected returns over time. Net cash flows between the existing grass based operation and the proposed leucaena supplemented operation are estimated. Comparison between grass only and leucaena supplemented gross margins provide the marginal benefit from developing leucaena. These future cash flows were discounted to assign their present values. Productive capacity estimates were used in the analysis. Expected yields and weight gain from grass fed operations were available from detailed management records. However, given the lack of scientifically verified data on expected leucaena production across land types, production estimates were based on localised production results and sourced from technical extension experts. The use of adult equivalents and accounting for the opportunity cost of maintaining particular herd structures allows for direct comparison of gross margins across different land types and herd structures. By choosing to plant leucaena, the owner is $144,939 better off, achieves a 22% internal rate of return, a benefit-cost ratio of 3.2:1, and breaks even on the investment in seven years.
A chiral one-dimensional atom using a quantum dot in an open microcavity
Creators: name: Antoniadis, Nadia O.
name: Tomm, Natasha
name: Jakubczyk, Tomasz
name: Schott, Rüdiger
name: Valentin, Sascha R.
name: Wieck, Andreas D.
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Warburton, Richard J.
name: Javadi, Alisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In nanostructures, the light-matter interaction can be engineered to be chiral. In the fully quantum regime, a chiral one-dimensional atom, a photon propagating in one direction interacts with the atom; a photon propagating in the other direction does not. Chiral quantum optics has applications in creating nanoscopic single-photon routers, circulators, phase-shifters and two-photon gates. Furthermore, the directional photon-exchange between many emitters in a chiral system may enable the creation of highly exotic quantum states. Here, we present a new way of implementing chiral quantum optics $-$ we use a low-noise quantum dot in an open microcavity. Specifically, we demonstrate the non-reciprocal absorption of single photons, a single-photon diode. The non-reciprocity, the ratio of the transmission in the forward-direction to the transmission in the reverse direction, is as high as 10.7 dB, and is optimised $\textit{in situ}$ by tuning the photon-emitter coupling to the optimal operating condition ($β= 0.5$). Proof that the non-reciprocity arises from a single quantum emitter lies in the nonlinearity with increasing input laser power, and in the photon statistics $-$ ultralow-power laser light propagating in the diode's reverse direction results in a highly bunched output ($g^{(2)}(0) = 101$), showing that the single-photon component is largely removed. The results pave the way to a single-photon phase shifter, and, by exploiting a quantum dot spin, to two-photon gates and quantum non-demolition single-photon detectors.
A DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP IN HEALTHCARE DELIVERY AT PENTECOST HOSPITAL, LANKWANTANANG - MADINA, GREATER ACCRA REGION - GHANA.
Creators: name: Seddoh, Lillian Aku Holali
name: Rev. Agbenyegah, George Kwasi
name: Dr. Ampomah - Benefo, Kofi
name: Duku, Francis - Asante
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Knowledge and Research ( JAKR)
Year: 2023

description: This article discusses the impact of a good doctor relationship in healthcare delivery at Pentecost Hospital in Ghana
Comorbidity between eating disorders and psychiatric disorders
Creators: name: Momen, Natalie C.
name: Bulik, Cynthia M.
name: Petersen, Liselotte Vogdrup
name: Yilmaz, Zeynep
name: McGrath, John J.
name: Thornton, Laura M.
name: Plana‐Ripoll, Oleguer
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022

description:
OBJECTIVE: Previous literature has established an increased risk of eating disorders among individuals with other psychiatric disorders and vice versa. However, often studies have focused on eating disorders as a single diagnostic entity and/or investigated selected psychiatric comorbidities. We conducted a comprehensive study, exploring bidirectional associations between different types of eating disorders and broad groups of all other psychiatric disorders, to identify patterns of comorbidity. METHOD: We included all people born in Denmark 1963-2010. We collected information on eating disorders and considered the risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders using Cox-proportional hazards regression. Absolute risks were calculated using competing risks survival analyses. We also considered prior psychiatric disorders and subsequent eating disorders. RESULTS: An increased risk was seen for almost all disorder pairs of diagnoses evaluated. Following an anorexia nervosa (AN) diagnosis, the median hazard ratio for the different subsequent psychiatric disorders was 3.80 (range 2.48-6.15); following an other eating disorder (OED) diagnosis, it was 3.16 (range 2.05-5.14). After different psychiatric disorder diagnoses, the median hazard ratio was 2.66 for later AN (range 1.21-5.31), and 2.51 for later OED (range 1.25-4.10). Absolute risk of eating disorders was also higher among those with other psychiatric disorders than those without. DISCUSSION: In this broad examination, we identified bidirectional increases in risk of comorbidity for those with both eating disorder diagnoses and psychiatric disorder diagnoses. Although our findings indicate different patterns of comorbidity between eating disorders, these variations were generally small.
A new fitting function for GRB MeV spectra based on the internal shock synchrotron model
Creators: name: Yassine, M.
name: Piron, F.
name: Daigne, F.
name: Mochkovitch, R.
name: Longo, F.
name: Omodei, N.
name: Vianello, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the Band function or other phenomenological functions are commonly used to fit GRB prompt emission spectra, we propose a new parametric function that is inspired by an internal shock physical model. We use this function as a proxy of the model to confront it easily to GRB observations. We built a parametric function that represents the spectral form of the synthetic bursts provided by our internal shock synchrotron model (ISSM). We simulated the response of the Fermi instruments to the synthetic bursts and fitted the obtained count spectra to validate the ISSM function. Then, we applied this function to a sample of 74 bright GRBs detected by the Fermi/GBM, and we computed the width of their spectral energy distributions around their peak energy. For comparison, we fitted also the phenomenological functions that are commonly used in the literature. Finally, we performed a time-resolved analysis of the broadband spectrum of GRB 090926A, which was jointly detected by the Fermi GBM and LAT. The ISSM function reproduces 81% of the spectra in the GBM bright GRB sample, versus 59% for the Band function, for the same number of parameters. It gives also relatively good fits to the GRB 090926A spectra. The width of the MeV spectral component that is obtained from the fits of the ISSM function is slightly larger than the width from the Band fits, but it is smaller when observed over a wider energy range. Moreover, all of the 74 analysed spectra are found to be significantly wider than the synthetic synchrotron spectra. We discuss possible solutions to reconcile the observations with the internal shock synchrotron model, such as an improved modeling of the shock micro-physics or more accurate spectral measurements at MeV energies.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Adaptiveness in Water Management Institutions in India: Nature and Impact
Creators: name: Bhamoriya, Vaibhav P.
name: Gandhi, Vasant P.
name: Bhamoriya, Vaibhav P.
name: Gandhi, Vasant P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: International Development

description: The effective management of water resources is assuming enormous importance in India in the recent years. Sound water resource use is crucial for sustaining and raising food production, increasing rural incomes, alleviating poverty, and meeting drinking water as well as other human and industrial needs. It is now widely recognized that apart from engineering feats, good institutional arrangements are crucial for the sound management of the resource. In light of this, the development of water institutions has been taken up in India, but remains a major weakness. Existing water institutions are found to be lacking on various counts, and one of the critical deficiencies identified is the lack of adaptiveness to the significantly varying resource status, the temporal and spatial variation in availability and needs, and the different socio-economic settings. As a result, institutional failures are common and lead to poor management of the resource. This research has undertaken an in-depth examination of the issue of adaptiveness in the local water resource management institutions in India, exploring the status of its existence in the present institutions, the nature of its need, and the impact better adaptiveness has on performance and sustainability. The research is based on a survey of 464 households across a sample of 22 water institutions in three different states. It explores the relationship of adaptiveness to institutional structure, institutional processes and institutional governance and models the association of these and other factors to various measures of performance of the institutions.
Improving Knowledge, Confidence, and Skills Related to Engaging in Nutrition Policy-Related Activities Through Authentic Assignments and Class Activities
Creators: name: Lowery, Caitlin M.
name: Ammerman, Alice
name: Soldavini, Jessica
name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Busse, Kyle R.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2023

description:
Authentic assignments are defined as assessments that allow students to complete activities similar to those in which individuals in the field are engaged. They assess student achievement while helping students understand standards and challenges of the field. In this article, we describe the use of authentic assignments and class activities in a graduate-level nutrition policy course at a public university in North Carolina and evaluate outcomes related to students’ knowledge, comfort, and confidence in engaging in nutrition policy-related activities. The course included a variety of authentic assignments and activities, including a group policy brief project, letter to a legislator, case studies, and an elevator pitch on a nutrition policy issue. During the fall of 2020, students enrolled in two sections of the course ( N = 72) were invited to complete a pre- and post-survey. Thirty-five students (49%) completed both surveys and were included in the analyses. There were significant increases in students’ comfort and confidence for engaging in nutrition policy-related activities. Students also appeared to have gained a better understanding of how they and/or their future profession are impacted by nutrition policy and how they and/or their future profession can play a role in nutrition policy. Authentic assignments may be helpful for preparing students to participate in the nutrition policy process.
I share because of who I am: values, identities, norms, and attitudes explain sharing intentions
Creators: name: Schuster, Carolin
name: Goseberg, Tami
name: Arnold, Janina
name: Sundermann, Anna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To promote sustainable consumption, predictors of individuals’ intentions need to be understood. Focusing on the example of collaborative consumption, we look at facilitating and inhibiting factors in a preregistered correlational study (N = 378). We hypothesized the Value-Identity-Personal norm (VIP) model to explain variance in sharing intention. In addition, we expected sharing intentions to be linked to attitudes about (de-)ownership. We also hypothesized self-extension into an object to be a barrier to sharing this object. The results supported all hypotheses: The VIP model and de-ownership orientation were related to sharing intentions. Moreover, self-extension into a car was significantly higher among subsamples of car owners than car sharers. Exploratory findings show that the value-intention link predicted by the VIP can be found for biospheric as well as altruistic values if sharing intentions are assessed with items framed to match these respective values. We discuss implications for attempts to promote sustainable consumption.
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: September 2018 New Jersey 03 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); opinion of various public figures (2); New Jersey Congressional District 03 (1); Democratic Candidate Andy Kim (1); Republican Candidate Tom MacArthur (1); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); support/oppose various political positions (3); pre-existing condition (1).
Economics of controlling a spreading environmental weed
Creators: name: Chalak-Haghighi, Morteza
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Chalak-Haghighi, Morteza
name: Pannell, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environment
subject: Economics
subject: Weed
subject: Stochastic
subject: Optimisation
subject: Management

description: Weeds can cause significant problems to natural ecosystems. Although there have been numerous studies on the economics of weed control, relatively few of these studies have focused on natural ecosystems. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by assessing the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive range of control strategies for blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans) in natural environments in Australia. We developed a stochastic dynamic simulation model and a deterministic dynamic optimisation model. The stochastic model calculates the expected net present value (NPV) of a range of control strategies, including any combination of treatment options. The optimisation model identifies the treatment combination that maximises NPV. Both models represent the costs and efficacies of control options over 25 years. The results indicate that using rust (Phragmidium violaceum) as a biological control agent only marginally increases NPV and excluding rust does not affect the optimal choice of other control options. The results also show for a wide range of parameter values that a strategy which combines the herbicide grazon (Triclopyre and picloram) and mowing is optimal. If chemical efficacy decreases by 20 percent it becomes optimal to include grazing blackberry by goats in the control strategy.
Autonomous motivation promotes goal attainment through the conscious investment of effort, but mental contrasting with implementation intentions makes goal striving easier
Creators: name: Riddell, Hugh
name: Lamont, Wesley
name: Lombard, Merrill
name: Paduano, Sarah
name: Maltagliati, Silvio
name: Gucciardi, Daniel F.
name: Ntoumanis, Nikos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: People with autonomous motives (e.g., personal importance) may use automated strategies to effortlessly sustain goal-directed behavior and overcome obstacles. We investigated whether conscious effort, ease of goal striving, physiological effort, and the number of obstacles encountered mediate relations between motives and goal attainment for a competitive cycling goal. Additionally, half the participants (n = 57) were trained in Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) – a technique that facilitates development of goal-directed behavior – with remaining participants (n = 54) treated as controls. Conscious investment of effort mediated relations between autonomous motives and goal attainment. Subjective ease of goal striving and physiological effort did not. This result indicates that successful goal striving is not perceived as effortless for autonomously motivated individuals working on competitive goals. Conversely, MCII predicted a reduction in obstacles, which in turn was associated with easier goal striving but not goal attainment. Although MCII did not support goal attainment in the current study, its ability to minimize the influence of obstacles may still be useful for other types of goals or for sustaining long-term goal pursuit.
Astrophysical Constraints on Scalar Field Models
Creators: name: Bertolami, O.
name: Paramos, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use stellar structure dynamics arguments to extract bounds on the relevant parameters of scalar field models: the putative scalar field mediator of a fifth force with a Yukawa potential, the new variable mass particle (VAMP) models, and a phenomenologically viable model to explain the Pioneer anomaly. We consider the polytropic gas model to estimate the effect of these models on the hydrostatic equilibrium equation and fundamental quantities such as the central temperature. The current bound on the solar luminosity is used to constrain the relevant parameters of each model.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
PAIRWISE NONLINEAR DEPENDENCE ANALYSIS OF GENOMIC DATA.
Creators: name: Zhang, Wan
name: Perou, Charles M
name: Xiang, Siqi
name: Zhang, Kai
name: Hoadley, Katherine A
name: Liu, Siyao
name: Marron, J S
Publisher: name: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Year: 2023

description:
In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, there are many interesting nonlinear dependencies between pairs of genes that reveal important relationships and subtypes of cancer. Such genomic data analysis requires a rapid, powerful and interpretable detection process, especially in a high-dimensional environment. We study the nonlinear patterns among the expression of pairs of genes from TCGA using a powerful tool called Binary Expansion Testing. We find many nonlinear patterns, some of which are driven by known cancer subtypes, some of which are novel.
Topological defects and confinement with machine learning: the case of monopoles in compact electrodynamics
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Erbin, Harold
name: Goy, V. A.
name: Molochkov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the advantages of machine learning techniques to recognize the dynamics of topological objects in quantum field theories. We consider the compact U(1) gauge theory in three spacetime dimensions as the simplest example of a theory that exhibits confinement and mass gap phenomena generated by monopoles. We train a neural network with a generated set of monopole configurations to distinguish between confinement and deconfinement phases, from which it is possible to determine the deconfinement transition point and to predict several observables. The model uses a supervised learning approach and treats the monopole configurations as three-dimensional images (holograms). We show that the model can determine the transition temperature with accuracy, which depends on the criteria implemented in the algorithm. More importantly, we train the neural network with configurations from a single lattice size before making predictions for configurations from other lattice sizes, from which a reliable estimation of the critical temperatures are obtained.
description: 15 pages, 36 figures; minor revisions, published version
Covariate-Adaptive Biased Coin Randomization for Master Protocols with Multiple Interventions and Biomarker-Stratified Allocation
Creators: name: Ivanova, Anastasia
name: Song, Tianhao
name: LaVange, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023

description:
In a multi-arm trial with predefined subgroups for each intervention to target, it is often desirable to enrich assignment to an intervention by enrolling more biomarker-positive participants to the intervention. We describe how to implement a biased coin design to achieve desired allocation ratios among interventions and between the number of biomarker-positive and biomarker-negative participants assigned to each intervention. We illustrate the proposed method with the randomization algorithm implemented in the Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-prone Asthma (PrecISE) trial.
Characterization of a large DNA virus (BV-PW1) infecting the heterotrophic marine nanoflagellate cafeteria sp.
Creators: name: St. John, Tanya Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A virus (designated BV-PW1) infecting the marine heterotrophic nanoflagellate Cafeteria sp. was purified and characterized. The most successful strategy for purification of the virus particles was ultracentrifugation of culture lysates followed by sucrose-gradient purification to remove contaminating bacteria and bacteriophage. The virus particles are icosahedral, roughly 230 to 300 nm in diameter and contain at least 2 major polypeptides (55 kDa and 65 kDa) and -30 minor polypeptides. It possesses a dsDNA genome >100 kbp with a predicted G + C content of -34%. Sequence analysis of 279 amino acids at the N-terminus of a putative protein revealed the presence of the first 3 conserved motifs that delineate the helicase/NTPase superfamily II, including the NTP hydrolysis motifs GxGKT/S and DExH/D. A phylogenetic tree based on the aminoacid sequence of this region indicates the putative helicase of BV-PW1 is most similar to that of ASFV of the Asfaviridae, however, this branch also falls within the Iridoviridae clade. At this time there is not enough information to classify BV-PW1 within a particular virus family. The virus infecting the nanoflagellate described in this study has several properties in common with a group of other large nucleocytoplasmic DNA viruses, such as the poxviruses, the asfaviruses, the iridoviruses and the phycodnaviruses.
Conducting high-frequency data collection in low-resource settings: Lessons from a financial diary study among women engaged in sex work in Uganda
Creators: name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Ssewamala, Fred M.
name: Nabunya, Proscovia
name: Nsubuga, Edward
name: Nabayinda, Josephine
name: Mayo-Wilson, Larissa Jennings
name: Yang, Lyla Sunyoung
name: Bahar, Ozge Sensoy
name: Kiyingi, Joshua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023

description:
Poverty and economic insecurity are driving forces in entering sex work among women in low resource areas. This increases their risk for HIV by influencing the decision-making process for high-risk behaviors. Few studies examine financial behaviors and capacities of women engaged in sex work (WESW). This paper describes the methodology used in a financial diary study aimed at characterizing women's spending patterns within a larger prevention intervention trial among WESW in Uganda. From June 2019 to March 2020, a subsample of 150 women randomized to the combination HIV prevention and economic empowerment treatment were asked to complete financial diaries to monitor daily expenditures in real time. Two hundred forty financial diaries were distributed to study participants during the financial literacy sessions at 8 sites. A total of 26,919 expense entries were recorded over 6 months. Sex work related expenses comprised approximately 20.01% of the total. The process of obtaining quality and consistent data was challenging due to the transient and stigmatized nature of sex work coupled with women's varying levels of education. Frequent check-ins, using peer support, code word or visuals, and a shorter timeframe would allow for a more accurate collection of high frequency data. Moreover, the ability of women to complete the financial diaries despite numerous challenges speaks to their potential value as a data collection tool, and also as an organizing tool for finances.
Maximal gap between local and global distinguishability of bipartite quantum states
Creators: name: Corrêa, Willian H. G.
name: Lami, Ludovico
name: Palazuelos, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove a tight and close-to-optimal lower bound on the effectiveness of local quantum measurements (without classical communication) at discriminating any two bipartite quantum states. Our result implies, for example, that any two orthogonal quantum states of a $n_A\times n_B$ bipartite quantum system can be discriminated via local measurements with an error probability no larger than $\frac12 \left(1 - \frac{1}{c \min\{n_A, n_B\}} \right)$, where $1\leq c\leq 2\sqrt2$ is a universal constant, and our bound scales provably optimally with the local dimensions $n_A,n_B$. Mathematically, this is achieved by showing that the distinguishability norm $\|\cdot\|_{LO}$ associated with local measurements satisfies that $\|\cdot\|_1\leq 2\sqrt2 \min\{n_A,n_B\} \|\cdot\|_{LO}$, where $\|\cdot\|_1$ is the trace norm.
Injectable Polysaccharide Hydrogels as Localized Nitric Oxide Delivery Formulations
Creators: name: Maloney, Sara E.
name: Broberg, Christopher A.
name: Conlon, Ivie L.
name: Schoenfisch, Mark H.
name: Yang, Feichen
name: Feura, Evan S.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description:
A series of injectable polysaccharide hydrogels are prepared with oxidized dextran and diethylenetriamine‐modified carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or hyaluronic acid (HA). Rheological evaluation reveals that CMC‐based hydrogels achieve storage moduli >1 kPa when prepared from 5 wt% solutions, while storage moduli >100 Pa are achievable from solutions with concentrations as low as 2 wt%. HA‐based hydrogels demonstrate smaller storage moduli but have swelling ratios more than four‐fold that of CMC systems at equal concentrations. The incorporation of N‐diazeniumdiolate nitric oxide (NO) donors into the hydrogels results in reduced hydrogel storage moduli as a function of NO donor concentration. The impact of the hydrogel architecture on NO‐release kinetics proves dependent on the identity of the NO donor. Hydrogel degradation over 14 d indicates that HA‐based hydrogels degrade more rapidly than CMC hydrogels and that the addition of NO to the hydrogels increases the rate at which they degrade. In vitro cytotoxicity of hydrogel extracts is minimal, with toxicity observed only at high NO‐donor concentrations for select cell lines. The diverse properties, versatility, and nontoxic characteristics of these injectable hydrogels should facilitate local delivery of nitric oxide for a range of biomedical applications.
Label-Aware Ranked Loss for robust People Counting using Automotive in-cabin Radar
Creators: name: Servadei, Lorenzo
name: Sun, Huawei
name: Ott, Julius
name: Stephan, Michael
name: Hazra, Souvik
name: Stadelmayer, Thomas
name: Lopera, Daniela Sanchez
name: Wille, Robert
name: Santra, Avik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T07

description: In this paper, we introduce the Label-Aware Ranked loss, a novel metric loss function. Compared to the state-of-the-art Deep Metric Learning losses, this function takes advantage of the ranked ordering of the labels in regression problems. To this end, we first show that the loss minimises when datapoints of different labels are ranked and laid at uniform angles between each other in the embedding space. Then, to measure its performance, we apply the proposed loss on a regression task of people counting with a short-range radar in a challenging scenario, namely a vehicle cabin. The introduced approach improves the accuracy as well as the neighboring labels accuracy up to 83.0% and 99.9%: An increase of 6.7%and 2.1% on state-of-the-art methods, respectively.
description: accepted at ICASSP 2022