cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Injury metrics are altered in spica-casted versus non-casted child ATDs in side-impact collisions with door intrusion
Creators: name: Mead, Matthew
name: Caskey, Sean
name: Walter, Norman
name: Atkinson, Patrick
name: Atkinson, Theresa
name: Collins, Angela C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: There is little data defining safe transport protocols for spica-casted children. A single earlier study demonstrated the presence of a body cast alters kinematics and injury metrics during simulated side-impact crashes. Since then, the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) proposed a new side-impact test protocol for evaluating child restraints. This test is more severe than the earlier tests, as it simulates an impact with a door intruding into the occupant space. As no currently available child restraint system (CRS) able to accommodate a spica-casted child has been evaluated using these updated testing criteria, the objective of this study was to evaluate current restraint options in simulated side-impact collisions using an anthropomorphic test device (ATD) modeled after a 3-year-old. Methods: Four commercially available CRSs able to accommodate a spica-casted Q3s side-impact ATD were selected for testing. Side-impact testing was performed using casted and uncasted ATDs in compliance with the NHTSA proposed side-impact test. High-speed photography and ATD instrumentation were used to measure selected injury criteria. Results: HIC15 values were highest in CRSs with less robust side wings, such as the Merritt WallenburgTM (HIC15 = 1,373), which allow for the occupant to interact with the intruding door panel. Head contact with the door panel was found to correspond with high resultant neck peak force. Pelvic acceleration magnitudes were greatest for the uncasted tests. Casted tests with a CRS that included an armrest were associated with greater torso rotation in the frontal plane with the left shoulder moving toward the door panel. Conclusions: The presence of a spica cast alters injury metrics in side-impact testing. Spica specific child safety seats are not yet optimized for side-impact with door intrusion. This is due to a lack of adequate side cushion wings, which may place both casted and uncasted occupants at increased likelihood for injury through head contact with an intruding door. Additional work is needed to improve the safety of CRSs for both casted and uncasted children in side-impact collisions.
Monitoring the daily variation of Sun-Earth magnetic fields using galactic cosmic rays
Creators: name: The LHAASO Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) between the Sun and Earth is an extension of the solar magnetic field carried by the solar wind into interplanetary space. Monitoring variations in the IMF upstream of the Earth would provide very important information for the prediction of space weather effects, such as effects of solar storms and the solar wind, on human activity. In this study, the IMF between the Sun and Earth was measured daily for the first time using a cosmic-ray observatory. Cosmic rays mainly consist of charged particles that are deflected as they pass through a magnetic field.Therefore, the cosmic-ray Sun shadow, caused by high-energy charged cosmic rays blocked by the Sun and deflected by the magnetic field, can be used to explore the transverse IMF between the Sun and Earth. By employing the powerful kilometer-square array at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, the cosmic-ray Sun shadows were observed daily with high significance for the first time. The displacement of the Sun shadow measured in 2021 correlates well with the transverse IMF component measured in situ by spacecraft near the Earth, with a time lag of 3:31 $\pm$ 0:12 days. The displacement of the Sun shadow was also simulated using Parker's classic IMF model, yielding a time lag of 2:06 $\pm$ 0:04 days. This deviation may provide valuable insights into the magnetic field structure, which can improve space weather research.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
U(n) Vector Bundles on Calabi-Yau Threefolds for String Theory Compactifications
Creators: name: Andreas, Bjorn
name: Ruiperez, Daniel Hernandez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An explicit description of the spectral data of stable U(n) vector bundles on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds is given, extending previous work of Friedman, Morgan and Witten. The characteristic classes are computed and it is shown that part of the bundle cohomology vanishes. The stability and the dimension of the moduli space of the U(n) bundles are discussed. As an application, it is shown that the U(n) bundles are capable to solve the basic topological constraints imposed by heterotic string theory. Various explicit solutions of the Donaldson-Uhlenbeck-Yau equation are given. The heterotic anomaly cancellation condition is analyzed; as a result an integral change in the number of fiber wrapping five-branes is found. This gives a definite prediction for the number of three-branes in a dual F-theory model. The net-generation number is evaluated, showing more flexibility compared with the SU(n) case.
description: 30pp, harvmac
Neural Networks Versus Conventional Filters for Inertial-Sensor-based Attitude Estimation
Creators: name: Weber, Daniel
name: Gühmann, Clemens
name: Seel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Inertial measurement units are commonly used to estimate the attitude of moving objects. Numerous nonlinear filter approaches have been proposed for solving the inherent sensor fusion problem. However, when a large range of different dynamic and static rotational and translational motions is considered, the attainable accuracy is limited by the need for situation-dependent adjustment of accelerometer and gyroscope fusion weights. We investigate to what extent these limitations can be overcome by means of artificial neural networks and how much domain-specific optimization of the neural network model is required to outperform the conventional filter solution. A diverse set of motion recordings with a marker-based optical ground truth is used for performance evaluation and comparison. The proposed neural networks are found to outperform the conventional filter across all motions only if domain-specific optimizations are introduced. We conclude that they are a promising tool for inertial-sensor-based real-time attitude estimation, but both expert knowledge and rich datasets are required to achieve top performance.
description: accepted for the 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion
title: Implementierung der Hauptnormalspannungen und -verzerrungen in das Finite Elemente Programm CFS++
Creators: name: Seifried, Michael
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Hauptnormalspannungen
subject: Hauptnormalverzerrungen
subject: Finite Elemente
subject: CFS++
subject: Principal stresses
subject: Principal strains
subject: Finite element method
subject: CFS++

description: In dieser Diplomarbeit wird die Implementierung der Hauptnormalspannungen und -verzerrungen in das Finite Elemente Programm Coupled Field Simulation (CFS++) beschrieben. Aufbauend auf einer kurzen Wiederholung des Spannungs- und Verzerrungsbegriffes wird im Kapitel 'Theorie' die Herleitung der Hauptnormalspannungen und -verzerrungen rekapituliert. Um eine Lösung des Problems in einem Computerprogramm zu ermöglichen, wird die numerische Lösung des Eigenwertproblems kurz diskutiert. Im Kapitel 'Implementierung'werden die notwendigen Programmteile, die zur Berechnung der Hauptnormalspannungen- und verzerrungen notwendig sind, erläutert. Die Implementierung wurde anhand mehrerer Beispiele ausgiebig getestet. Beginnend am einzelnen Element und weiterführend mit klassischen Problemen der Festigkeitslehre wurde die Plausibilität der Ergebnisse überprüft. Dabei wurden, soweit möglich, analytische Lösungen zur Spannungsberechnung herangezogen und diese mit den berechneten Hauptnormalspannungen verglichen. Abschließend wurde ein MEMS-Lautsprecher modelliert und dessen Hauptnormalspannungsverteilung diskutiert.
description: This thesis describes the implementation of principal stresses and strains in the Finite Element program Coupled Field Simulation (CFS++). Starting with a recapitulation of the physical quantities of stress and strain, the derivation of principal stress and strain is replicated. For a implementation into a computer program, the numerical solution of an eigenvalue problem is discussed. In the chapter "Implementierung" the necessary program parts for the calculation of principal stresses and strains in CFS++ are described. The implementation was tested on the basis of several examples. Starting with simple ones as the single element in 2D and 3D and a pipe under inner pressure, the results of the calculation in CFS++ could be validated. In a concluding test case, a MEMS loudspeaker was modeled and the stress state was discussed py means of principal stresses.
Demand for Food in 2004-2007
Creators: name: Świetlik, Krystyna
name: Świetlik, Krystyna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: Food market
subject: Food
subject: Demand

description: Food market is a specific market segment - very sensitive to the influence of different factors, both economic and environmental. The article's thesis is that demand constitutes a crucial factor in organizing the market, as its development is closely connected to the general macroeconomic situation in the economy. This paper aims at showing the changes in food demand caused by the dynamic economic growth in 2004-2006. Focusing on some basic determinants of this growth, i.e. GDP, global personal income of the population, household income and food prices, the author discussed the influence of these factors on the amount of expenditure and quantitative food consumption in the period mentioned, and indicated the directions of development of food demand expected in 2007.
Nucleon Sigma Terms with $N_f = 2 + 1$ O($a$)-improved Wilson fermions
Creators: name: Agadjanov, Andria
name: Djukanovic, Dalibor
name: von Hippel, Georg
name: Meyer, Harvey B.
name: Ottnad, Konstantin
name: Wittig, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a lattice-QCD based analysis of the nucleon sigma terms using gauge ensembles with $N_f = 2 + 1$ flavors of ${\cal O}(a)$-improved Wilson fermions, with a complete error budget concerning excited-state contaminations, the chiral interpolation as well as finite-size and lattice spacing effects. We compute the sigma terms determined directly from the matrix elements of the scalar currents. The chiral interpolation is based on SU(3) baryon chiral perturbation theory using the extended on-mass shell renormalization scheme. For the pion nucleon sigma term, we obtain $σ_{πN} = (43.7\pm3.6)$ MeV, where the error includes our estimate of the aforementioned systematics. The tension with extractions based on dispersion theory persists at the 2.4-$σ$ level. For the strange sigma term, we obtain a non-zero value, $σ_s=(28.6\pm9.3)$ MeV.
description: Matches published version
A new mathematical symbol : the termirial
Creators: name: Simonetti, Claude-Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 00A05, 03B40

description: The understanding of probability can be difficult for a few young scientists. Consequently, this new mathematical symbol, related to binomial coefficients and simplicial polytopic numbers, could be helpful to science education. Moreover, one can obtain kinds of remarkable identities and generalize them to a sort of "Newton's binomial theorem". Finally, this symbol could be perhaps useful to other scientific subjects as well, such as computer science.
description: Translated from a French preprint : "Un nouveau symbole math\'ematique : la termirielle" (https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02550460). Preprint in english available on hal as well : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02556204
Design and Construction of a TPC using GEM Foils for Gas Amplification
Creators: name: Wienemann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The challenging physics program at the International Linear Collider (ILC) poses stringent requirements on the performance of its tracking system. A large volume time projection chamber (TPC) is considered a good candidate for such a tracker. Whereas conventional TPCs used a wired based gas amplification system, a future TPC is likely to make use of micro pattern gas detectors as e. g. gas electron multipliers (GEMs) for gas amplification. This talk gives an overview over recent achievements from the R&D activities to build a TPC with a GEM based gas amplification system. This includes charge transfer studies through multiple GEM structures, field cage design and spatial resolution measurements in high magnetic fields.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on High Energy Physics 2004 (ICHEP04)
Large Upper Critical Field and Irreversibility Field in MgB2 wires with SiC additions
Creators: name: Sumption, M. D.
name: Bhatia, M.
name: Collings, E. W.
name: Rindfleisch, M.
name: Tomsic, M.
name: Soltanian, S.
name: Dou, S. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistive transition measurements are reported for Magnesium diboride strands with SiC dopants. The SiC was added as 10 mol of SiC to 90 mol of binary magnesium diboride. Three different SiC powders were used, the average particle sizes were 200 nm, 30 nm, and 15 nm. The strands were heat treated for times ranging from 5 to 30 minutes at temperatures from 675 to 900. Strands with 200 nm size SiC additions had Hirr and Bc2 which maximized at 25.4 T and 29.7 T after heating at 800C for 30 minutes. The highest values were seen for a strand with 15 nm SiC heated at 725C for 30 minutes which had a Hirr of 29 T and a Bc2 higher than 33 T
Mineral cloud and hydrocarbon haze particles in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter JWST target WASP-43b
Creators: name: Helling, Ch.
name: Kawashima, Y.
name: Graham, V.
name: Samra, D.
name: Chubb, K. L.
name: Min, M.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: Parmentier, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Having a short orbital period and being tidally locked makes WASP-43b an ideal candidate for JWST observations. Phase curve observations of an entire orbit will enable the mapping of the atmospheric structure across the planet, with different wavelengths of observation allowing different atmospheric depths to be seen. We provide insight into the details of the clouds that may form on WASP-43b in order to prepare the forthcoming interpretation of the JWST and follow-up data. We utilize 3D GCM results as input for a kinetic, non-equilibrium model for mineral cloud particles, and for a kinetic model to study a photochemicaly-driven hydrocarbon haze component. Mineral condensation seeds form throughout the atmosphere of WASP-43b. This is in stark contrast to the ultra-hot Jupiters, like WASP-18b and HAT-P-7b. The dayside is loaded with few but large mineral cloud particles in addition to hydrocarbon haze particles of comparable abundance. Photochemically driven hydrocarbon haze appears on the dayside, but does not contribute to the cloud formation on the nightside. The geometrical cloud extension differs across the globe due to the changing thermodynamic conditions. Day and night differ by 6000km in pressure scale height. As reported for other planets, the C/O is not constant throughout the atmosphere. The mean molecular weight is approximately constant in a H2-dominated WASP-43b. WASP-43b is expected to be fully covered in clouds which are not homogeneously distributed throughout the atmosphere. The dayside and the terminator clouds will be a combination of mineral particles of locally varying size and composition, and of hydrocarbon hazes. The optical depth of hydrocarbon hazes is considerably lower than that of mineral cloud particles such that a wavelength-dependent radius measurement of WASP-43b would be determined by the mineral cloud particles but not by hazes.
description: 22 pages, accepted for publication A&A (correcting auto-correct)
Semantic Environment Atlas for Object-Goal Navigation
Creators: name: Kim, Nuri
name: Park, Jeongho
name: Hong, Mineui
name: Oh, Songhwai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce the Semantic Environment Atlas (SEA), a novel mapping approach designed to enhance visual navigation capabilities of embodied agents. The SEA utilizes semantic graph maps that intricately delineate the relationships between places and objects, thereby enriching the navigational context. These maps are constructed from image observations and capture visual landmarks as sparsely encoded nodes within the environment. The SEA integrates multiple semantic maps from various environments, retaining a memory of place-object relationships, which proves invaluable for tasks such as visual localization and navigation. We developed navigation frameworks that effectively leverage the SEA, and we evaluated these frameworks through visual localization and object-goal navigation tasks. Our SEA-based localization framework significantly outperforms existing methods, accurately identifying locations from single query images. Experimental results in Habitat scenarios show that our method not only achieves a success rate of 39.0%, an improvement of 12.4% over the current state-of-the-art, but also maintains robustness under noisy odometry and actuation conditions, all while keeping computational costs low.
description: 30 pages
Hermitian star products are completely positive deformations
Creators: name: Bursztyn, Henrique
name: Waldmann, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D55

description: Let M be a Poisson manifold equipped with a Hermitian star product. We show that any positive linear functional on C^\infty(M) can be deformed into a positive linear functional with respect to the star product.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX2e
Quasi-periodic pulsation detected in Lyman-alpha emission during solar flares
Creators: name: Li, Dong
name: Lu, Lei
name: Ning, Zongjun
name: Feng, Li
name: Gan, Weiqun
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the quasi-periodic pulsation (QPP) in Lyman-alpha, X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emissions during two solar flares, i.e., an X-class (SOL2012-01-27T) and a C-class (SOL2016-02-08T). The full-disk Lyman-alpha and X-Ray flux during these solar flares were recorded by the EUV Sensor and X-Ray Sensor on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. The °are regions were located from the EUV images measured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. The QPP could be identified as a series of regular and periodic peaks in the light curves, and its quasi-periodicity was determined from the global wavelet and Fourier power spectra. A quasi-periodicity at about 3 minutes is detected during the impulsive phase of the X-class flare, which could be explained as the acoustic wave in the chromosphere (e.g., Milligan et al. 2017). Interestingly, a quasi-periodicity at roughly 1 minute is discovered during the entire evolutionary phases of solar flares, including the precursor, impulsive, and gradual phases. This is the first report of 1-minute QPP in the Lyman-alpha emission during solar flares, in particular during the flare precursor. It may be interpreted as a self-oscillatory regime of the magnetic reconnection, such as magnetic dripping.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Wybrane postaw y i zachowa nia polskich nabywców wobec żywności niszowej
Creators: name: Baruk, Agnieszka I.
name: Iwanicka, Anna
name: Gruszecki, Tomasz M.
name: Baruk, Agnieszka I.
name: Iwanicka, Anna
name: Gruszecki, Tomasz M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: final buyer
subject: market attitudes and behaviours
subject: niche food

description: In the article the problems of chosen attitudes and behaviours of final buyers were presented. These aspects were analysed in the lamb meat market as the example of the niche market in Poland. On the base of the results of the field researches one can state that the key determinants of respondents’ attitudes and behaviours were the level of their knowledge about nutritional values of lamb products and the level of availability of these products. The negative opinions of others buyers were the main determinant of non buying of lamb products. It means that there are two big gaps (knowledge gap and availability gap) which should be filled by offerers to shape buyers’ attitudes and behaviours in the effective way.
Novel thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium(II) complex-impregnated urinary catheters quench the virulence and disintegrate the biofilms of uropathogens
Creators: name: Deeksha Rajkumar
name: Durairajan Rubini
name: M. Sudharsan
name: D. Suresh
name: Nithyanand, Paramasivam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens are prominent members belonging to the group of ESKAPE pathogens responsible for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) and nosocomial infections. Both the pathogens regulate several virulence factors, including biofilm formation through quorum sensing (QS), an intercellular communication mechanism. The present study describes the anti-biofilm and QS quenching effect of thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium(II) complexes against P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. Palladium(II) complexes showed quorum sensing inhibitory potential in inhibiting swarming motility behaviour, pyocyanin production and other QS mediated virulence factors in both P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. In addition, the establishment of biofilms was prevented on palladium (II) coated catheters. Overall, the present study demonstrates that thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium (II) complexes will be a promising strategy to combat device-mediated UTI infections.
Unsupervised Domain Transfer with Conditional Invertible Neural Networks
Creators: name: Dreher, Kris K.
name: Ayala, Leonardo
name: Schellenberg, Melanie
name: Hübner, Marco
name: Nölke, Jan-Hinrich
name: Adler, Tim J.
name: Seidlitz, Silvia
name: Sellner, Jan
name: Studier-Fischer, Alexander
name: Gröhl, Janek
name: Nickel, Felix
name: Köthe, Ullrich
name: Seitel, Alexander
name: Maier-Hein, Lena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Synthetic medical image generation has evolved as a key technique for neural network training and validation. A core challenge, however, remains in the domain gap between simulations and real data. While deep learning-based domain transfer using Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks and similar architectures has led to substantial progress in the field, there are use cases in which state-of-the-art approaches still fail to generate training images that produce convincing results on relevant downstream tasks. Here, we address this issue with a domain transfer approach based on conditional invertible neural networks (cINNs). As a particular advantage, our method inherently guarantees cycle consistency through its invertible architecture, and network training can efficiently be conducted with maximum likelihood training. To showcase our method's generic applicability, we apply it to two spectral imaging modalities at different scales, namely hyperspectral imaging (pixel-level) and photoacoustic tomography (image-level). According to comprehensive experiments, our method enables the generation of realistic spectral data and outperforms the state of the art on two downstream classification tasks (binary and multi-class). cINN-based domain transfer could thus evolve as an important method for realistic synthetic data generation in the field of spectral imaging and beyond.
The MOSDEF Survey: Neon as a Probe of ISM Physical Conditions at High Redshift
Creators: name: Jeong, Moon-Seong
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Sanders, Ryan L.
name: Runco, Jordan N.
name: Topping, Michael W.
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Siana, Brian
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Freeman, William R.
name: Azadi, Mojegan
name: Price, Sedona H.
name: Leung, Gene C. K.
name: Fetherolf, Tara
name: de Groot, Laura
name: Zick, Tom
name: Fornasini, Francesca M.
name: Barro, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on the properties of neon emission in $z\sim2$ star-forming galaxies drawn from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. Doubly-ionized neon ([NeIII]3869) is detected at $\geq3σ$ in 61 galaxies, representing $\sim$25% of the MOSDEF sample with H$α$, H$β$, and [OIII]$5007$ detections at similar redshifts. We consider the neon emission-line properties of both individual galaxies with [NeIII]3869 detections and composite $z\sim2$ spectra binned by stellar mass. With no requirement of [NeIII]3869 detection, the latter provide a more representative picture of neon emission-line properties in the MOSDEF sample. The [NeIII]3869/[OII]3727 ratio (Ne3O2) is anti-correlated with stellar mass in $z\sim2$ galaxies, as expected based on the mass-metallicity relation. It is also positively correlated with the [OIII]$5007$/[OII]$3727$ ratio (O32), but $z\sim2$ line ratios are offset towards higher Ne3O2 at fixed O32, compared with both local star-forming galaxies and individual H~II regions. Despite the offset towards higher Ne3O2 at fixed O32 at $z\sim2$, biases in inferred Ne3O2-based metallicity are small. Accordingly, Ne3O2 may serve as an important metallicity indicator deep into the reionization epoch. Analyzing additional rest-optical line ratios including [NeIII]$3869$/[OIII]$5007$ (Ne3O3) and [OIII]$5007$/H$β$ (O3H$β$), we conclude that the nebular emission-line ratios of $z\sim2$ star-forming galaxies suggest a harder ionizing spectrum (lower stellar metallicity, i.e., Fe/H) at fixed gas-phase oxygen abundance, compared to systems at $z\sim0$. These new results based on neon lend support to the physical picture painted by oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur emission, of an ionized ISM in high-redshift star-forming galaxies irradiated by chemically young, $α$-enhanced massive stars.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ Letters
Mechanism and kinetics of chalcopyrite passivation and depassivation during ferric and microbial leaching
Creators: name: Tshilombo, Alain Fuamba
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Chalcopyrite is known to be recalcitrant to conventional hydrometallurgical and biohydrometallurgical processes. Formation of passive layers on the chalcopyrite surface results in slow and incomplete leaching. The nature of how these passive layers are formed is the subject of much controversy. The most likely explanation is the formation of polysulphide compounds or copper-rich intermediate products on the chalcopyrite surface. The formation of these products depends mainly on temperature and solution potential. Based on these observations, electrochemical techniques were used to study the behaviour of chalcopyrite under a variety of conditions similar to ferric and microbial leaching. Electrochemical techniques have the advantage over other techniques of measuring properties at the solid-liquid interface. Slow chalcopyrite leaching was mainly observed under the following conditions: (1) low temperature (25°C) and low potential (0.45 to 0.6 V SCE); (2) high temperature (65°C) and high potential (above 0.6 V SCE). Leaching was accelerated at high temperature (65°C) under mildly oxidizing conditions (0.45 to 0.55 V SCE). The study also indicated that a polarized chalcopyrite surface inhibits ferric reduction and that the presence of pyrite during chalcopyrite leaching can be beneficial. The electrochemical study was validated in leaching tests carried out in a stirred-tank reactor with fine chalcopyrite particles. Leaching was retarded at low temperatures due to the presence of an induction period. The duration of the induction period decreased with increasing temperature. The addition of pyrite significantly increased both the rate and the extent of chalcopyrite leaching. Complete conversion of chalcopyrite was obtained within 16 hours at 65°C at a pyrite: chalcopyrite mass ratio of 2:1. An electrochemical model that takes into consideration the galvanic interaction with pyrite and the "passivation" of chalcopyrite was proposed. The addition of microorganisms to the leaching system was investigated. Chalcopyrite was leached almost to completion (95%) within 30 days in the presence of thermophilic bacteria at low potentials and high temperatures. The bioleaching rate of chalcopyrite was further increased with the addition of pyrite. Finally, atmospheric leaching of chalcopyrite was carried out at 80°C under a range of conditions. Complete copper extraction was attained in 4 hours at a pyrite: chalcopyrite ratio of 4:1. The present study has shown that chalcopyrite passivation can be prevented at low solution potentials, high temperatures and in the presence of moderate amounts of pyrite.
Neutral Pion-like Resonances at Photon Colliders
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Tseng, Hsin-Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two photons can annihilate into a neutral pion-like resonance via the anomaly coupling, just like $π^0γγ$ in QCD. In some strongly interacting electroweak symmetry breaking models, e.g., technicolor type models, there often exist neutral pion-like resonances. TeV photon colliders have a strong capability to discover such particles, because the standard model background in photon scattering goes through box diagrams and is therefore highly suppressed. In this study, we perform a signal-background comparison. We show that $e^+ e^-$ linear colliders running in $γγ$ mode can discover such neutral-pion-like resonances with a decent sensitivity.
description: 10 pages, better figures, added discussion and references
Fault-tolerant Quantum Communication with Minimal Physical Requirements
Creators: name: Childress, L.
name: Taylor, J. M.
name: Sorensen, A. S.
name: Lukin, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a novel protocol for a quantum repeater which enables long distance quantum communication through realistic, lossy photonic channels. Contrary to previous proposals, our protocol incorporates active purification of arbitrary errors at each step of the protocol using only two qubits at each repeater station. Because of these minimal physical requirements, the present protocol can be realized in simple physical systems such as solid-state single photon emitters. As an example, we show how nitrogen vacancy color centers in diamond can be used to implement the protocol, using the nuclear and electronic spin to form the two qubits.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. V2: Minor modifications. V3: Major changes in the presentation and new title
Additional file 1 of Don’t forget to mind the mind: a prospective cohort study over 12 months on mental health symptoms in active professional male footballers
Creators: name: Pillay, Lervasen
name: van Rensburg, Dina C. Janse
name: Ramkilawon, Gopika
name: Andersen, Thor Einar
name: Kerkhoffs, Gino
name: Gouttebarge, Vincent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Entanglement tensor for a general pure multipartite quantum state
Creators: name: Heydari, Hoshang
name: Björk, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an entanglement tensor to compute the entanglement of a general pure multipartite quantum state. We compare the ensuing tensor with the concurrence for bipartite state and apply the tensor measure to some interesting examples of entangled three-qubit and four-qubit states. It is shown that in defining the degree of entanglement of a multi-partite state, one needs to make assumptions about the willingness of the parties to cooperate. We also discuss the degree of entanglement of the multi-qubit $\ket{W_{M}}$-states.
Kinetic simulations of nonrelativistic perpendicular shocks of young supernova remnants. III. Magnetic reconnection
Creators: name: Bohdan, Artem
name: Pohl, Martin
name: Niemiec, Jacek
name: Vafin, Sergei
name: Matsumoto, Yosuke
name: Amano, Takanobu
name: Hoshino, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fully kinetic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to study electron acceleration at high-Mach-number nonrelativistic perpendicular shocks. SNR shocks are mediated by the Weibel instability which is excited because of an interaction between shock-reflected and upstream ions. Nonlinear evolution of the Weibel instability leads to the formation of current sheets. At the turbulent shock ramp the current sheets decay through magnetic reconnection. The number of reconnection sites strongly depends on the ion-to-electron mass ratio and the Alfvénic Mach number of the simulated shock. Electron acceleration is observed at locations where magnetic reconnection operates. For the highest mass ratios almost all electrons are involved in magnetic reconnection, which makes the magnetic reconnection the dominant acceleration process for electrons at these shocks. We discuss the relevance of our results for 3D systems with realistic ion-to-electron mass ratio.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
On the Benefit of Nonlinear Control for Robust Logarithmic Growth: Coin Flipping Games as a Demonstration Case
Creators: name: Proskurnikov, Anton V.
name: Barmish, B. Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The takeoff point for this paper is the voluminous body of literature addressing recursive betting games with expected logarithmic growth of wealth being the performance criterion. Whereas almost all existing papers involve use of linear feedback, the use of nonlinear control is conspicuously absent. This is epitomized by the large subset of this literature dealing with Kelly Betting. With this as the high-level motivation, we study the potential for use of nonlinear control in this framework. To this end, we consider a ``demonstration case'' which is one of the simplest scenarios encountered in this line of research: repeated flips of a biased coin with probability of heads~$p$, and even-money payoff on each flip. First, we formulate a new robust nonlinear control problem which we believe is both simple to understand and apropos for dealing with concerns about distributional robustness; i.e., instead of assuming that~$p$ is perfectly known as in the case of the classical Kelly formulation, we begin with a bounding set ~${\cal P} \subseteq [0,1]$ for this probability. Then, we provide a theorem, our main result, which gives a closed-form description of the optimal robust nonlinear controller and a corollary which establishes that it robustly outperforms linear controllers such as those found in the literature. A second, less significant, contribution of this paper bears upon the computability of our solution. For an $n$-flip game, whereas an admissible controller has~$2^n-1$ parameters, at the optimum only~$O(n^2)$ of them turn out to be distinct. Finally, it is noted that the initial assumptions on payoffs and the use of the uniform distribution on~$p$ are made solely for simplicity of the exposition and compliance with length requirements for a Letter. Accordingly, the paper also includes a new section with a discussion indicating how these assumptions can be relaxed.
Self-stresses and Crack Formation by Particle Swelling in Cohesive Granular Media
Creators: name: Youssoufi, Moulay Said El
name: Delenne, Jean-Yves
name: Radjai, Farhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a molecular dynamics study of force patterns, tensile strength and crack formation in a cohesive granular model where the particles are subjected to swelling or shrinkage gradients. Non-uniform particle size change generates self-equilibrated forces that lead to crack initiation as soon as strongest tensile contacts begin to fail. We find that the coarse-grained stresses are correctly predicted by an elastic model that incorporates particle size change as metric evolution. The tensile strength is found to be well below the theoretical strength as a result of inhomogeneous force transmission in granular media. The cracks propagate either inward from the edge upon shrinkage and outward from the center upon swelling.
The History of Research on the "Pig Cycle"
Creators: name: Zawadzka, Danuta
name: Zawadzka, Danuta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Animal production
subject: Livestock
subject: Agriculture

description: The subject of the author's considerations is the "pig cycle" phenomenon, which had been first formulated by Samuel Benner in 1895. Since then, the mechanism of the pig cycle has been investigated and discussed by many foreign and Polish scientists. The key fields of American studies on the pig cycle such as: reasons for cyclic development of pig production, cobweb theorem, duration of the cycle and its particular phases, are presented in the article. The results of researches conducted during the last several years are also discussed. An important part of the article is devoted to the Polish pig cycle in both pre- and post-World War II periods. In the post-war period the researchers who examined the pig cycle problem had to face a difficult question whether cyclic fluctuations of hog production could take place in centrally planned economy. The article also points out a very practical aspect of the study, related to stabilization of the pig market. Different approaches to agricultural policies in some countries and periods are also presented.
An energy-based macroeconomic model validated by global historical series since 1820
Creators: name: Bercegol, Herve
name: Benisty, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Global historical series spanning the last two centuries recently became available for primary energy consumption (PEC) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Based on a thorough analysis of the data, we propose a new, simple macroeconomic model whereby physical power is fueling economic power. From 1820 to 1920, the linearity between global PEC and world GDP justifies basic equations where, originally, PEC incorporates unskilled human labor that consumes and converts energy from food. In a consistent model, both physical capital and human capital are fed by PEC and represent a form of stored energy. In the following century, from 1920 to 2016, GDP grows quicker than PEC. Periods of quasi-linearity of the two variables are separated by distinct jumps, which can be interpreted as radical technology shifts. The GDP to PEC ratio accumulates game-changing innovation, at an average growth rate proportional to PEC. These results seed alternative strategies for modeling and for political management of the climate crisis and the energy transition.
description: Main text: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; Appendices: 18 pages, 8 figures; 57 References
Analiza lokalnych zas obów biomas y rolniczej gminy Łas in
Creators: name: Bielski, Stanisław
name: Jasiński, Aleksander
name: Bielski, Stanisław
name: Jasiński, Aleksander
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: biomass
subject: biofuel
subject: straw resources

description: The aim of the research was to present the possibility of using straw crops for energy purposes in the Łasin community. The structure of crops and livestock state in the community was analysed. The potential amout of straw was reduced for use in agriculture and animal production (feed and bedding) and was determined the balance of organic matter. The calculations lead to the conclusion that the use of energy purposes in the community Łasin remains average 15 053 ths Mg of straw, which is equivalent about 218 264 GJ of energy (about 8731 tons of coal).
Additional file 1 of Elevated Aβ aggregates in feces from Alzheimer’s disease patients: a proof-of-concept study
Creators: name: Pils, Marlene
name: Dybala, Alexandra
name: Schaffrath, Anja
name: Rehn, Fabian
name: Kutzsche, Janine
name: Blömeke, Lara
name: Tusche, Markus
name: Özdüzenciler, Pelin
name: Bujnicki, Tuyen
name: Kraemer-Schulien, Victoria
name: Gramespacher, Hannes
name: Schmieschek, Maximilian H.T.
name: Barbe, Michael T.
name: Onur, Oezguer A.
name: Fink, Gereon R.
name: Tamgüney, Gültekin
name: Bannach, Oliver
name: Willbold, Dieter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Premises of the New Agricultural Economics
Creators: name: Zegar, Jozef St.
name: Zegar, Jozef St.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Development
subject: Agriculture
subject: Agricultural economics
subject: Globalization
subject: Sustainable development

description: The industrial agriculture model faces a great deal of criticism nowadays, most of all because of its external effects. Also its driving forces run out. This model is replaced by the sustainable agriculture model, which takes account of the limitations of natural resources, external costs and public good as well as social and economic objectives. Development of agriculture according to the sustainable agriculture model requires that the market mechanism be supplemented with the institutional (political) mechanism. This mechanism is developed within the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. The model of sustainable agriculture corresponds to the new agricultural economics - a changed economic account covering, in addition to market "items", other elements related to external costs and public goods created by agriculture. The globalisation process shifts the problems of agriculture to the global level, giving them new dynamics and strongly influencing agriculture in individual countries. External forces determine to a growing extent the functioning of agriculture, whereas the role of the institutional (political) factor is reduced, since globalisation in the political field lags behind the globalisation in the economy. The above mentioned factors exert their influence on the development of agriculture, adversely affecting the sustainable agriculture model.
On Robustness of Double Linear Policy with Time-Varying Weights
Creators: name: Wang, Xin-Yu
name: Hsieh, Chung-Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 93E03, 93B35, 91-08

description: In this paper, we extend the existing double linear policy by incorporating time-varying weights instead of constant weights and study a certain robustness property, called robust positive expectation (RPE), in a discrete-time setting. We prove that the RPE property holds by employing a novel elementary symmetric polynomials characterization approach and derive an explicit expression for both the expected cumulative gain-loss function and its variance. To validate our theory, we perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations using various weighting functions. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this policy can be effectively incorporated with standard technical analysis techniques, using the moving average as a trading signal.
description: Submitted for possible publication