cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) zonata Bates 1880
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Acanthoderes
Acanthoderes zonata

description: 38. Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) zonata Bates, 1880
 Type locality — Colombia, Valle del Cauca. (MNHN). Distribution — Colombia. Acanthoderes zonatus Bates, 1880d: 59; Lameere, 1883: 66 (cat.).
 Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) zonata; Aurivillius, 1923a: 385 (cat.).
  Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) Casey, 1913
 Pardalisia Casey, 1913: 302.
 Acanthoderes (Pardalisia); Monné, 1994e: 69 (cat.).
 Paradalisia; Chemsak & Hovore, 2002a: 3 (error).
 Type­species — Acanthoderes funerarius Bates, 1861 (original designation).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Bilayer, hydrogenated and fluorinated graphene: QED vs SU(2) QCD theory
Creators: name: Irkhin, V. Yu.
name: Skryabin, Yu. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental and calculational investigations of bilayer, hydrogenated and fluorinated graphene, we apply the formalisms of U(1) QED (quantum electrodynamics) and SU(2) QCD (quantum chromodynamics) theories of strongly correlated state. Unlike non-bipartite triangular lattice, on bipartite honeycomb lattice there always exists a monopole that transforms trivially under all the microscopic symmetries, destabilizing the Dirac spin liquid (DSL), so that one can continuously tune the DSL state to the state with parent SU(2) instead of U(1) gauge group. The SU(2) theory describes a spin-liquid state which is different from usual DSL and is probably unstable with respect to Neel or valence-bond solid (VBS) phases, except for the quantum critical point. This point of view means a possibility of VBS states in graphene systems.
description: 6 pages, JETP Letters, accepted
AnchorAL: Computationally Efficient Active Learning for Large and Imbalanced Datasets
Creators: name: Lesci, Pietro
name: Vlachos, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Active learning for imbalanced classification tasks is challenging as the minority classes naturally occur rarely. Gathering a large pool of unlabelled data is thus essential to capture minority instances. Standard pool-based active learning is computationally expensive on large pools and often reaches low accuracy by overfitting the initial decision boundary, thus failing to explore the input space and find minority instances. To address these issues we propose AnchorAL. At each iteration, AnchorAL chooses class-specific instances from the labelled set, or anchors, and retrieves the most similar unlabelled instances from the pool. This resulting subpool is then used for active learning. Using a small, fixed-sized subpool AnchorAL allows scaling any active learning strategy to large pools. By dynamically selecting different anchors at each iteration it promotes class balance and prevents overfitting the initial decision boundary, thus promoting the discovery of new clusters of minority instances. In experiments across different classification tasks, active learning strategies, and model architectures AnchorAL is (i) faster, often reducing runtime from hours to minutes, (ii) trains more performant models, (iii) and returns more balanced datasets than competing methods.
description: Published at the NAACL 2024 Conference (main)
Theories of Frege structure equivalent to Feferman's system $\mathsf{T}_0$
Creators: name: Hayashi, Daichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Feferman (1975) defines an impredicative system $\mathsf{T}_0$ of explicit mathematics, which is proof-theoretically equivalent to the subsystem $Δ^1_2$-$\mathsf{CA} + \mathsf{BI}$ of second-order arithmetic. In this paper, we propose several systems of Frege structure with the same proof-theoretic strength as $\mathsf{T}_0$. To be precise, we first consider the Kripke--Feferman theory, which is one of the most famous truth theories, and we extend it by two kinds of induction principles inspired by (Jäger et al. 2001). In addition, we give similar results for the system based on Aczel's original Frege structure (Aczel 1980). Finally, we equip Cantini's supervaluation-style theory with the notion of universes, the strength of which was an open problem in (Kahle 2001).
Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) funeraria Bates 1861
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Acanthoderes
Acanthoderes funeraria

description: 1. Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) funeraria Bates, 1861
Type locality — Mexico. (MNHN). Distribution — Mexico (Oaxaca, San Luís Potosí, Veracruz).
 Acanthoderes funerarius Bates, 1861: 151; 1880a: 140, pl. 11, figs. 3, 4; Mason, 1910: 23 (distr.). Myoxomorpha funeraria; Gemminger & Harold, 1873: 3143 (cat.).
 Pardalisia funerarius; Casey, 1913: 302.
 Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) funeraria; Aurivillius, 1923a: 386 (cat.).
 Acanthoderes funeraria; Chemsak et al., 1992: 130 (cat.); Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 406 (cat.). Myoxomorpha erichsonii Thomson, 1868e: 147; 1878: 15 (type).
 Acanthoderes funerarius var. erichsoni; Bates, 1880a: 140.
Type locality — Mexico. (MNHN).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Staggered eigenvalue mimicry
Creators: name: Dürr, Stephan
name: Hoelbling, Christian
name: Wenger, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the infrared part of the spectrum for UV-filtered staggered Dirac operators and compare them to the overlap counterpart. With sufficient filtering and at small enough lattice spacing the staggered spectra manage to ``mimic'' the overlap version. They show a 4-fold near-degeneracy, and a clear separation between would-be zero modes and non-zero modes. This suggests an approximate index theorem for filtered staggered fermions and a correct sensitivity to the topology of QCD. Moreover, it supports square-rooting the staggered determinant to obtain dynamical ensembles with $N_f=2$.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, v2: 1 ref added
Pachyprotasis alpina Malaise 1945
Creators: name: Zhong, Yihai
name: Wei, Meicai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Pachyprotasis
Pachyprotasis alpina

description: Pachyprotasis alpina Malaise, 1945
(Fig. 107)
Pachyprotasis alpina Malaise, 1945: 145. [male, female], type locality: Kambaiti frontier pass, Myanmar. Pachyprotasis alpina: Saini 2007: 89 –90, figs 159, 163, 170, 174, 195, 205.
Distribution. China (Tibet) (Fig. 107); Myanmar.
Description according to Malaise, 1945.
Female: Body length 5.5–6 mm. The upper half of head black, except for a large spot on each temple lateral of the black postocellar area, the inner pale orbit broad; abdominal terigtes quite black above, or the median ones with very narrow marginal spot in the middle. All legs pale with narrow stripe from the trochanters downwards, on the hind ones also on coxa and a broad but short stripe also along the inner side of femur, apex of metatibia and most of metatarsus black. Wings hyaline, fore wing vein C and stigma pale green, other veins dark brown. Head shiny, on and around the frontal area with distinct microsculpture, thorax smooth. (In the Tibetan specimen, sculpture more distinct, and mesonotum with fine scattered punctures). Median fovea narrow and deep below, where it breaks through the rounded frontal ridges, above that becoming indistinct, but mostly reaching to the median ocellus; postocellar area convex, 2 times as broad as long; antenna as long as combined length of thorax and abdomen, flagellomere 1 slightly longer than flagellomere 2.
Male. Color and structures similar to female, otherwise: antenna as long as combined length of head and body, flagellomere 1 shorter than flagellomere 2, inner pale orbit narrow or wanting.
description: Published as part of Zhong, Yihai & Wei, Meicai, 2012, A review of the Pachyprotasis pallidistigma species group (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 3242 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280476
Absolutely necessary to consider the caged dynamics and the JGX $β$-relaxation in solving the glass transition problem
Creators: name: Ngai, K. L.
name: Capaccioli, S.
name: Wang, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2003 seminal paper entitled "Is the Fragility of a Liquid Embedded in the Properties of Its Glass?" by Tullio Scopigno, Giancarlo Ruocco, Francesco Sette, and Giulio Monaco, reported that the properties of the structural $α$-relaxation of glass-formers are already present in the faster caged dynamics. Their important discovery has far-reaching implication of the processes faster than the structural $α$-relaxation that cannot be ignored in solving the glass transition problem. Since then, experiments and simulations performed on many glass-formers with diverse chemical and physical structures have found strong connections of the $α$-relaxation with not only the caged dynamics but also with the secondary relaxation of the special kind, called the JGX $β$-relaxation. The general results indicate that these fast processes are inseparable from the $α$-relaxation, and any attempt to solve the glass transition problem should take account of this fact. Examples of the connections are given in this paper to elucidate the developments and advances made since the inspiring publication of Scopigno et al.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
An Open Ended Tree
Creators: name: Vandecasteele, Henk
name: Janssens, Gerda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.6;D.3.3;.E.2

description: An open ended list is a well known data structure in Prolog programs. It is frequently used to represent a value changing over time, while this value is referred to from several places in the data structure of the application. A weak point in this technique is that the time complexity is linear in the number of updates to the value represented by the open ended list. In this programming pearl we present a variant of the open ended list, namely an open ended tree, with an update and access time complexity logarithmic in the number of updates to the value.
Spectral truncations in noncommutative geometry and operator systems
Creators: name: Connes, Alain
name: van Suijlekom, Walter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we extend the traditional framework of noncommutative geometry in order to deal with spectral truncations of geometric spaces (i.e. imposing an ultraviolet cutoff in momentum space) and with tolerance relations which provide a coarse grain approximation of geometric spaces at a finite resolution. In our new approach the traditional role played by $C^*$-algebras is taken over by operator systems. As part of the techniques we treat $C^*$-envelopes, dual operator systems and stable equivalence. We define a propagation number for operator systems, which we show to be an invariant under stable equivalence and use to compare approximations of the same space. We illustrate our methods for concrete examples obtained by spectral truncations of the circle. These are operator systems of finite-dimensional Toeplitz matrices and their dual operator systems which are given by functions in the group algebra on the integers with support in a fixed interval. It turns out that the cones of positive elements and the pure state spaces for these operator systems possess a very rich structure which we analyze including for the algebraic geometry of the boundary of the positive cone and the metric aspect i.e. the distance on the state space associated to the Dirac operator. The main property of the spectral truncation is that it keeps the isometry group intact. In contrast, if one considers the other finite approximation provided by circulant matrices the isometry group becomes discrete, even though in this case the operator system is a $C^*$-algebra. We analyze this in the context of the finite Fourier transform. The extension of noncommutative geometry to operator systems allows one to deal with metric spaces up to finite resolution by considering the relation $d(x,y)
description: 46 pages, 5 figures. Version to appear in Commun. Math. Phys
Filament Formation via Collision-induced Magnetic Reconnection -- Formation of a Star Cluster
Creators: name: Kong, Shuo
name: Whitworth, David
name: Smith, Rowan J.
name: Hamden, Erika T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A collision-induced magnetic reconnection (CMR) mechanism was recently proposed to explain the formation of a filament in the Orion A molecular cloud. In this mechanism, a collision between two clouds with antiparallel magnetic fields produces a dense filament due to the magnetic tension of the reconnected fields. The filament contains fiber-like sub-structures and is confined by a helical magnetic field. To show whether the dense filament is capable of forming stars, we use the \textsc{Arepo} code with sink particles to model star formation following the formation of the CMR-filament. First, the CMR-filament formation is confirmed with \textsc{Arepo}. Second, the filament is able to form a star cluster after it collapses along its main axis. Compared to the control model without magnetic fields, the CMR model shows two distinctive features. First, the CMR-cluster is confined to a factor of $\sim4$ smaller volume. The confinement is due to the combination of the helical field and gravity. Second, the CMR model has a factor of $\sim2$ lower star formation rate. The slower star formation is again due to the surface helical field that hinders gas inflow from larger scales. Mass is only supplied to the accreting cluster through streamers.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS
Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) lacrymans
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Acanthoderes
Acanthoderes lacrymans

description: 2. Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) lacrymans (Thomson, 1865)
Type locality — Mexico. (MNHN). Distribution — Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla).
 Pteridotelus lacrymans Thomson, 1865: 544; 1878: 15 (type).
 Acanthoderes lacrymans; Bates, 1880a: 140.
 Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) lacrymans; Aurivillius, 1923a: 386 (cat.).
 Pteridotelus lachrymosus; Bates, 1880a: pl. 11, fig. 6.
 Acanthoderes lachrymans; Chemsak et al., 1992: 130 (cat.); Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 406 (cat.).
  Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) Thomson, 1864
 Scythropopsis Thomson, 1864: 20, 351; Chemsak & Hovore, 2002a: 3.
 Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis); Lacordaire, 1872: 754.
 Type­species — Acanthoderus albitarsis Laporte, 1840 (original designation).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Trace Clustering on Very Large Event Data in Healthcare Using Frequent Sequence Patterns
Creators: name: Lu, Xixi
name: Tabatabaei, Seyed Amin
name: Hoogendoorn, Mark
name: Reijers, Hajo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Trace clustering has increasingly been applied to find homogenous process executions. However, current techniques have difficulties in finding a meaningful and insightful clustering of patients on the basis of healthcare data. The resulting clusters are often not in line with those of medical experts, nor do the clusters guarantee to help return meaningful process maps of patients' clinical pathways. After all, a single hospital may conduct thousands of distinct activities and generate millions of events per year. In this paper, we propose a novel trace clustering approach by using sample sets of patients provided by medical experts. More specifically, we learn frequent sequence patterns on a sample set, rank each patient based on the patterns, and use an automated approach to determine the corresponding cluster. We find each cluster separately, while the frequent sequence patterns are used to discover a process map. The approach is implemented in ProM and evaluated using a large data set obtained from a university medical center. The evaluation shows F1-scores of 0.7 for grouping kidney injury, 0.9 for diabetes, and 0.64 for head/neck tumor, while the process maps show meaningful behavioral patterns of the clinical pathways of these groups, according to the domain experts.
Nonlinear absorption and refraction in near-detuned rubidium vapor
Creators: name: McCormick, C. F.
name: Solli, D. R.
name: Chiao, R. Y.
name: Hickmann, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the z-scan technique, we have measured the self-induced absorptive and refractive nonlinear behavior of hot atomic rubidium vapor within the Doppler profile of the D2 line. We observe large nonlinear amplitude and phase effects with only tens of microwatts of incident power. Our results are in good agreement with numerical calculations based on an analytic model of a Doppler- broadened two-level system.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted Journal of The Optical Society of America B (2003)
Creating solitons with controllable and near zero velocity in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Fritsch, A. R.
name: Lu, Mingwu
name: Reid, G. H.
name: Piñeiro, A. M.
name: Spielman, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Established techniques for deterministically creating dark solitons in repulsively interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can only access a narrow range of soliton velocities. Because velocity affects the stability of individual solitons and the properties of soliton-soliton interactions, this technical limitation has hindered experimental progress. Here we create dark solitons in highly anisotropic cigar-shaped BECs with arbitrary position and velocity by simultaneously engineering the amplitude and phase of the condensate wavefunction, improving upon previous techniques which only explicitly manipulated the condensate phase. The single dark soliton solution present in true 1D systems corresponds to the kink soliton in anisotropic 3D systems and is joined by a host of additional dark solitons including vortex ring and solitonic vortex solutions. We readily create dark solitons with speeds from zero to half the sound speed. The observed soliton oscillation frequency suggests that we imprinted solitonic vortices, which for our cigar-shaped system are the only stable solitons expected for these velocities. Our numerical simulations of 1D BECs show this technique to be equally effective for creating kink solitons when they are stable. We demonstrate the utility of this technique by deterministically colliding dark solitons with domain walls in two-component spinor BECs.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
The Importance of DNA Repair in Tumor Suppression
Creators: name: Brumer, Yisroel
name: Shakhnovich, Eugene I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition from a normal to cancerous cell requires a number of highly specific mutations that affect cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, differentiation, and many other cell functions. One hallmark of cancerous genomes is genomic instability, with mutation rates far greater than those of normal cells. In microsatellite instability (MIN tumors), these are often caused by damage to mismatch repair genes, allowing further mutation of the genome and tumor progression. These mutation rates may lie near the error catastrophe found in the quasispecies model of adaptive RNA genomes, suggesting that further increasing mutation rates will destroy cancerous genomes. However, recent results have demonstrated that DNA genomes exhibit an error threshold at mutation rates far lower than their conservative counterparts. Furthermore, while the maximum viable mutation rate in conservative systems increases indefinitely with increasing master sequence fitness, the semiconservative threshold plateaus at a relatively low value. This implies a paradox, wherein inaccessible mutation rates are found in viable tumor cells. In this paper, we address this paradox, demonstrating an isomorphism between the conservatively replicating (RNA) quasispecies model and the semiconservative (DNA) model with post-methylation DNA repair mechanisms impaired. Thus, as DNA repair becomes inactivated, the maximum viable mutation rate increases smoothly to that of a conservatively replicating system on a transformed landscape, with an upper bound that is dependent on replication rates. We postulate that inactivation of post-methylation repair mechanisms are fundamental to the progression of a tumor cell and hence these mechanisms act as a method for prevention and destruction of cancerous genomes.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; Approximation replaced with exact calculation; Minor error corrected; Minor changes to model system
Trend and Prospect of Rural Society
Creators: name: Park, Daeshik
name: Park, Daeshik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The major purposes of this study are cD to explain the major factors of social change, (2) to investigate the trend of social change, and 3 to suggest the prospect of the social change, in rural Korea. The sociological theory of social change can be classified into four major perspectives: functional, Marxian, interactionist, and human ecological perspective. Based on the investigation of the previous studies and sociological perspectives of social change, the major factors of social change in rural Korea were divided into five: industrialization, urbanization, the change of social values and consciousness, informatization, and globalization. The trend and prospect of social change in rural Korea was investigated in terms of four parts: population, family, economic activity, and community structure.
Chromospheric Heating by Acoustic Waves Compared to Radiative Cooling: II -- Revised Grid of Models
Creators: name: Abbasvand, Vahid
name: Sobotka, Michal
name: Heinzel, Petr
name: Svanda, Michal
name: Jurcák, Jan
name: del Moro, Dario
name: Berrilli, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acoustic and magnetoacoustic waves are considered to be possible agents of chromospheric heating. We present a comparison of deposited acoustic energy flux with total integrated radiative losses in the middle chromosphere of the quiet Sun and a weak plage. The comparison is based on a consistent set of high-resolution observations acquired by the IBIS instrument in the Ca II 854.2 nm line. The deposited acoustic-flux energy is derived from Doppler velocities observed in the line core and a set of 1737 non-LTE 1D hydrostatic semi-empirical models, which also provide the radiative losses. The models are obtained by scaling the temperature and column mass of five initial models VAL B-F to get the best fit of synthetic to observed profiles. We find that the deposited acoustic-flux energy in the quiet-Sun chromosphere balances 30-50 % of the energy released by radiation. In the plage, it contributes by 50-60 % in locations with vertical magnetic field and 70-90 % in regions where the magnetic field is inclined more than 50 degrees to the solar surface normal.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Non-equilibrium microbial dynamics unveil a new macroecological pattern beyond Taylor's law
Creators: name: Camacho-Mateu, José
name: Lampo, Aniello
name: Ares, Saúl
name: Cuesta, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a comprehensive analytical benchmark, relying on Fokker-Planck formalism, to study microbial dynamics in presence of both biotic and abiotic forces. In equilibrium, we observe a balance between the two kinds of forces, leading to no correlations between species abundances. This implies that real microbiomes, where correlations have been observed, operate out of equilibrium. Therefore, we analyze non-equilibrium dynamics, presenting an ansatz for an approximate solution that embodies the complex interplay of forces in the system. This solution is consistent with Taylor's law as a coarse-grained approximation of the relation between species abundance and variance, but implies subtler effects, predicting unobserved structure beyond Taylor's law. Motivated by this theoretical prediction, we refine the analysis of existing metagenomic data, unveiling a novel universal macroecological pattern. Finally, we speculate on the physical origin of Taylor's law: building upon an analogy with Brownian motion theory, we propose that Taylor's law emerges as a Fluctuation-Growth relation resulting from equipartition of environmental resources among microbial species.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, uses RevTeX 4.2
Toward a New Rural Development Program: The Rural Settlement Development Project
Creators: name: Park, Shihyun
name: Heo, Jang
name: Park, Shihyun
name: Heo, Jang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper has the aim to investigate the characteristics of Rural Settlement Development Project (RSDP) as an integrated rural development program. For this, the general characteristics of the RSDP have been surveyed and a case study of the RSDP has been performed for Young-moon new village construction project. The following points have become clear from the above investigations. The RSDP has more stressed on the importance of the roles of the local government and the residents than other local development projects. However, local governments' roles and people's participation are limited. In this sense, the RSDP is a sort of transitory one from the top-down to the bottom-up system.
Appendix 1.pdf
Creators: name: De Mesquita, Clifton Bueno
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60504 Microbial Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Appendix 1. Supplemental methods for mSystems paper on the chimpanzee gut microbiome.
Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) albitarsis Laporte 1840
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Acanthoderes
Acanthoderes albitarsis

description: 1. Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) albitarsis Laporte, 1840
Type locality — Brazil. (Depository unknown). Distribution — Brazil (Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones).
 Acanthoderus albitarsis Laporte, 1840: 461.
 Scythropopsis albitarsis; Lacordaire, 1872: 754; Bruch, 1912: 214 (cat.).
 Acanthoderes albitarsis; Gemminger & Harold, 1873: 3145 (cat.); Zikán & Zikán, 1944: 35 (distr.); Zajciw, 1958a: 18 (distr.); 1968d: 141 (distr.); 1970a: 5 (distr.); 1972a: 67 (distr.); 1974a: 77 (distr.).
 Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) albitarsis; Aurivillius, 1923a: 385 (cat.); Bosq, 1943b: 110 (distr.); Buck, 1959: 604 (distr.).
 Scythropopsis albitarsis Thomson, 1864: 20; 1878: 15 (type).
Type locality — Brazil. (MNHN).
  Acanthoderes (Symperasmus) Thomson, 1864
 Symperasmus Thomson, 1864: 19, 351; Lacordaire, 1872: 751; Chemsak & Hovore, 2002a: 3. Acanthoderes (Symperasmus); Monné, 1994e: 69 (cat.).
 Type­species — Acanthoderes thoracicus White, 1855 (original designation).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Colorimetric and visual detection of silver(I) using gold nanoparticles modified with furfuryl alcohol
Creators: name: Alizadeh, Abdolhamid
name: GISYA ABDI
name: Khodaei, Mohammad M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The authors describe a colorimetric assay for Ag(I) ions that is highly selective over other metal ions. It is based on the measurement of changes in the surface plasmon resonance absorbance (at 520 nm) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with furfuryl alcohol (Fu-AuNPs). The AuNPs were modified with mixed monolayers of 6-nitrohexane-1-thiol and octanethiol as capping ligands. Next, these AuNPs were modified with furfuraldehyde via an interfacial Henry reaction. The unique structure and presence of heteroatoms in the resulting product of the Henry reaction enable the Fu-AuNPs to recognize very low concentrations of Ag(I) ions, and this results in a visually and instrumentally detectable color change from pale-brown to dark blue. TEM images and optical absorption data show that this color change is the result of an aggregation of the Fu-AuNPs upon addition of Ag(I). In contrast, divalent ions such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) do not aggregate, or they cause the formation of a black precipitate. The recognition mechanism is attributed to the formation of a sandwich between Ag(I) ion and two furfuryl alcohol moieties that are attached to separate nanoparticles. This simple and fast method can be used to determine Ag(I) ions with a limit of detection as low as 12 nM.
Bouncing Universes with Varying Constants
Creators: name: Barrow, John D.
name: Kimberly, Dagny
name: Magueijo, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behaviour of exact closed bouncing Friedmann universes in theories with varying constants. We show that the simplest BSBM varying-alpha theory leads to a bouncing universe. The value of alpha increases monotonically, remaining approximately constant during most of each cycle, but increasing significantly around each bounce. When dissipation is introduced we show that in each new cycle the universe expands for longer and to a larger size. We find a similar effect for closed bouncing universes in Brans-Dicke theory, where $G$ also varies monotonically in time from cycle to cycle. Similar behaviour occurs also in varying speed of light theories.
Developing comprehension skills : teaching text structure to students with learning disabilities
Creators: name: Southerland, Catherine
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this paper was to draw upon research to determine how to best teach text structure to students with learning disabilities. The investigation began following the discovery that some learning disabled students' comprehension continues to lag behind even after their decoding skills improve. The paper addresses what text structure is, why learning disabled students struggle with it and the techniques for teaching text structure that work best for students with learning disabilities. Implications for practice are revealed and elaborated on in a practical section discussing the steps and methods for teaching text structure. Practice is linked directly to key findings in the literature and examples of graphic organizers are given. The paper also offers an interactive, informative teachers information workshop with the goal of communicating to teachers the research behind text structure and students with learning disabilites, to share how text structure is best taught in the classroom, and how teachers can best support those students who struggle with reading comprehension. This topic was approached through the lens of a sociocognitive perspective grounded in the work of both Piaget and Vygotsky.
Distance and age of the massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1. II. The eclipsing binary W36
Creators: name: Rocha, Danilo F.
name: Almeida, Leonardo A.
name: Damineli, Augusto
name: Navarete, Felipe
name: Abdul-Masih, Michael
name: Mace, Gregory N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Westerlund 1 (Wd 1) is one of the most relevant star clusters in the Milky Way to study massive star formation, although it is still poorly known. Here, we used photometric and spectroscopic data to model the eclipsing binary W36, showing that its spectral type is O6.5 III + O9.5 IV, hotter and more luminous than thought before. Its distance $d_{\rm W36}$ $=$ 4.03$\pm$0.25 kpc agrees, within the errors, with three recent Gaia-EDR3-based distances reported in Paper I, Beasor & Davies, and by Negueruela's group. However, they follow different approaches to fix the zero-points for red sources such as those in Wd 1 and to select the best approach, we used an accurate modelling of W36. The weighted mean distance of our parallax (Paper I) and binary distances results in $d_{\rm wd1}$ = 4.05 $\pm$0.20 kpc, with an unprecedented accuracy of 5%. We adopted isochrones based on the Geneva code with supersolar abundances to infer the age of W36B as 6.4 $\pm$ 0.7 Myr. This object seems to be part of the prolific star formation burst represented by OB giants and supergiants that occurred at 7.1 $\pm$ 0.5 Myr ago, which coincides with the recently published PMS isochrone with age 7.2 Myr. Other BA-type luminous evolved stars and Yellow Hypergiants spread in the age range of 8--11 Myr. The four Red Supergiants discussed in paper I represent the oldest population of the cluster with an age of 10.7 $\pm$ 1 Myr. The multiple episodes of star formation in Wd 1 are reminiscent of that reported for the R136/30 Dor LMC cluster.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 appendix (with one table)
Variational Quantum Crank-Nicolson and Method of Lines for the Solution of Initial Value Problems
Creators: name: Guzman-Cajica, Francisco
name: Guzman, Francisco S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we use a Variational Quantum Algorithm to solve Initial Value Problems with the Implicit Crank-Nicolson and the Method of Lines (MoL) evolution schemes. The unknown functions use a spectral decomposition with the Fourier basis. The examples developed to illustrate the implementation are the Advection equation, the wave equation written as a system of first order coupled equations and the viscous Burgers equation as a non-linear case. The problems are solved using: i) standard Finite Differences as the solution to compare with, ii) the State Vector Formalism (SVF), and iii) the Sampling Error Formalism (SEF). The contributions of this paper include: 1) cost functions for generic first order in time PDEs using the implicit Crank-Nicholson and the MoL, 2) detailed convergence or self-convergence tests are presented for all the equations solved, 3) a system of three coupled PDEs is solved, 4) solutions using sampling error are presented, which highlights the importance of simulating the sampling process and 5) a fast version of the SVF and SEF was developed which can be used to test different optimizers faster.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures. Accepted - Phys. Rev. A
MOPT: Multi-Object Panoptic Tracking
Creators: name: Hurtado, Juana Valeria
name: Mohan, Rohit
name: Burgard, Wolfram
name: Valada, Abhinav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Comprehensive understanding of dynamic scenes is a critical prerequisite for intelligent robots to autonomously operate in their environment. Research in this domain, which encompasses diverse perception problems, has primarily been focused on addressing specific tasks individually rather than modeling the ability to understand dynamic scenes holistically. In this paper, we introduce a novel perception task denoted as multi-object panoptic tracking (MOPT), which unifies the conventionally disjoint tasks of semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, and multi-object tracking. MOPT allows for exploiting pixel-level semantic information of 'thing' and 'stuff' classes, temporal coherence, and pixel-level associations over time, for the mutual benefit of each of the individual sub-problems. To facilitate quantitative evaluations of MOPT in a unified manner, we propose the soft panoptic tracking quality (sPTQ) metric. As a first step towards addressing this task, we propose the novel PanopticTrackNet architecture that builds upon the state-of-the-art top-down panoptic segmentation network EfficientPS by adding a new tracking head to simultaneously learn all sub-tasks in an end-to-end manner. Additionally, we present several strong baselines that combine predictions from state-of-the-art panoptic segmentation and multi-object tracking models for comparison. We present extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations of both vision-based and LiDAR-based MOPT that demonstrate encouraging results.
description: Code & models are available at http://rl.uni-freiburg.de/research/panoptictracking
The magnetic field influence on magnetostructural phase transition in Ni2.19Mn0.81Ga
Creators: name: Filippov, D. A.
name: Khovailo, V. V.
name: Koledov, V. V.
name: Krasnoperov, E. P.
name: Levitin, R. Z.
name: Shavrov, V. G.
name: Takagi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic properties of a polycrystalline alloy Ni$_{2.19}$Mn$_{0.81}$Ga, which undergoes a first-order magnetostructural phase transition from cubic paramagnetic to tetragonal ferromagnetic phase, are studied. Hysteretic behavior of isothermal magnetization $M(H)$ has been observed in a temperature interval of the magnetostructural transition in magnetic fields from 20 to 100 kOe. Temperature dependencies of magnetization $M$, measured in magnetic fields $H = 400$ and 60 kOe, indicate that the temperature of the magnetostructural transition increases with increasing magnetic field.
description: Presented at the Second Moscow International Symposium on Magnetism (Moscow-2002)
Aegomorphus arizonicus Linsley & Chemsak 1984
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Aegomorphus
Aegomorphus arizonicus

description: 2. Aegomorphus arizonicus Linsley & Chemsak, 1984
Type locality — United States, Arizona: Santa Cruz Co (3 mi N Nogales). (CASC). Distribution — United States (Arizona), Mexico (Baja California).
 Aegomorphus arizonicus Linsley & Chemsak, 1984: 253; Hovore, 1988: 28 (distr.); Chemsak et al., 1992: 130 (cat.); Noguera & Chemsak, 1996: 406 (cat.).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Nijenhuis infinity and contractible dg manifolds
Creators: name: Merkulov, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We find a minimal differential graded (dg) operad whose generic representations in $R^n$ are in one-to-one correspondence with formal germs of those endomorphisms of the tangent bundle to $R^n$ which satisfy the Nijenhuis integrability condition. This operad is of a surprisingly simple origin -- it is the cobar construction on the quadratic operad of homologically trivial dg Lie algebras. As a by product we obtain a strong homotopy generalization of this geometric structure and show its homotopy equivalence to the structure of contractible dg manifold.
description: LaTeX, 18 pages
Self-Organization in Multimode Microwave Phonon Laser (Phaser): Experimental Observation of Spin-Phonon Cooperative Motions
Creators: name: Makovetskii, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An unusual nonlinear resonance was experimentally observed in a ruby phonon laser (phaser) operating at 9 GHz with an electromagnetic pumping at 23 GHz. The resonance is manifested by very slow cooperative self-detunings in the microwave spectra of stimulated phonon emission when pumping is modulated at a superlow frequency (less than 10 Hz). During the self-detuning cycle new and new narrow phonon modes are sequentially ``fired'' on one side of the spectrum and approximately the same number of modes are ``extinguished'' on the other side, up to a complete generation breakdown in a certain final portion of the frequency axis. This is usually followed by a short-time refractority, after which the generation is fired again in the opposite (starting) portion of the frequency axis. The entire process of such cooperative spectral motions is repeated with high degree of regularity. The self-detuning period strongly depends on difference between the modulation frequency and the resonance frequency. This period is incommensurable with period of modulation. It increases to very large values (more than 100 s) when pointed difference is less than 0.05 Hz. The revealed phenomenon is a kind of global spin-phonon self- organization. All microwave modes of phonon laser oscillate with the same period, but with different, strongly determined phase shifts - as in optical lasers with antiphase motions.
description: LaTeX2e file (REVTeX4), 5 pages, 5 Postscript figures. Extended and revised version of journal publication. More convenient terminology is used. Many new bibliographic references are added, including main early theoretical and experimental papers on microwave phonon lasers (in English and in Russian)
The Higgs Mechanism with Diagrams: a didactic approach
Creators: name: Kip, Jochem
name: Kleiss, Ronald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a pedagogical treatment of the electroweak Higgs mechanism based solely on Feynman diagrams and S-matrix elements, without recourse to (gauge) symmetry arguments. Throughout, the emphasis is on Feynman rules and the Schwinger-Dyson equations; it is pointed out that particular care is needed in the treatment of tadpole diagrams and their symmetry factors.
description: 35 pages
The Strange Quark Contribution to the Proton's Magnetic Moment
Creators: name: SAMPLE Collaboration
name: Spayde, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new determination of the strange quark contribution to the proton's magnetic form factor at a four-momentum transfer Q2 = 0.1 (GeV/c)^2 from parity-violating e-p elastic scattering. The result uses a revised analysis of data from the SAMPLE experiment which was carried out at the MIT-Bates Laboratory. The data are combined with a calculation of the proton's axial form factor GAe to determine the strange form factor GMs(Q2=0.1)=0.37 +- 0.20 +- 0.26 +- 0.07. The extrapolation of GMs to its Q2=0 limit and comparison with calculations is also discussed.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Aegoschema adspersum
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Aegoschema
Aegoschema adspersum

description: 1. Aegoschema adspersum (Thomson, 1860)
Type locality — Brazil. (MNHN). Distribution — Brazil.
 Aegomorphus adspersus Thomson, 1860: 337; 1864: 15; 1878: 15 (type).
 Aegoschema adspersa; Gilmour, 1965: 607 (cat.).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
Optimal Policy Reforms with an Implicit Political Preference: The Case of Rice in Korea
Creators: name: I'm, Jeongbin
name: I'm, Jeongbin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The normative use of the Political preference function may provide useful insights to policymakers and economists. Particularly, when the government attaches different weights to producers, consumers and taxpayers, the optimal choice among alternative policies depends on the particular political (or welfare) preferences and is an empirical question. Thus, this paper has employed the implicit political preference function to analyze the trade-off between economic efficiency and political feasibility among alternative rice policies in Korea. Specifically, in this paper, we demonstrate the trade-off between economic efficiency and political feasibility among five alternative policy instruments.