cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Has the durability of white goods changed between 1998 and 2017? In what direction and why?
Creators: name: Strandbakken, Pål
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: refrigerators
subject: freezers
subject: obsolescence
subject: replacements
subject: durability
subject: product lifetimes
subject: product design
subject: premature obsolescence
subject: product lifetime optimisation

description: The author performed a nationwide representative survey of the durability of freezers, refrigerators, TV sets and stereos in Norway in 1998, as part of his doctoral thesis. In 2017, the Norwegian Consumer Council financed a replication of the survey for the cold appliances, enabling us to conclude on the question of whether product durability goes up or down. We also consider survey material on the age of households’ washing machines, dishwashers and tumble driers, why these products are replaced, repair practices etc., but the comparison between 98 and 17 is restricted to refrigerators and freezers. Between 1998 and 2017 the number of years a household uses the refrigerator what we here define as the lifespan of the product, has decreased by one and a half year on average. Likewise, in the same period, the lifespan of freezers has also decreased by a bit more than one and a half year. It seems as if the reason for this decrease is that households today, more often than 20 years ago, replace cold appliances that are not malfunctioning. If this is correct, the importance of technical quality/mechanical durability is reduced, while psychological obsolescence and ‘new consumer needs’ has gained importance. However, qualitative (technical) obsolescence remains the main reason for replacement of cold appliances, even if we observe an unwanted change. For washing machines, where we do not have comparable data over time, it seems as if technical quality/durability is more important than for cold appliances. The same tendency, but somewhat weaker, is observed for dishwashers. Generally, the consumption of washing machines, dishwashers and tumble dryers is different from the consumption of refrigerators and freezers, as these products more often get repaired. This probably indicates that washing machines etc. to a larger degree are seen as functional objects and less as aesthetical objects.
The haem-uptake gene cluster in Vibrio fischeri is regulated by Fur and contributes to symbiotic colonization
Creators: name: Stabb, E.V.
name: Dunn, A.K.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Septer, A.N.
name: Ruby, E.G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Although it is accepted that bacteria-colonizing host tissues are commonly faced with iron-limiting conditions and that pathogenic bacteria often utilize iron from host-derived haem-based compounds, the mechanisms of iron acquisition by beneficial symbiotic bacteria are less clear. The bacterium Vibrio fischeri mutualistically colonizes the light organ of the squid Euprymna scolopes. Genome sequence analysis of V. fischeri revealed a putative haem-uptake gene cluster, and through mutant analysis we confirmed this cluster is important for haemin use by V. fischeri in culture. LacZ reporter assays demonstrated Fur-dependent transcriptional regulation of cluster promoter activity in culture. GFP-based reporter assays revealed that gene cluster promoter activity is induced in symbiotic V. fischeri as early as 14h post inoculation, although colonization assays with the haem uptake mutant suggested an inability to uptake haem does not begin to limit colonization until later stages of the symbiosis. Our data indicate that the squid light organ is a low iron environment and that haem-based sources of iron are used by symbiotic V. fischeri cells. These findings provide important additional information on the availability of iron during symbiotic colonization of E. scolopes by V. fischeri, as well as the role of haem uptake in non-pathogenic host-microbe interactions.
Commissioning of the new calorimeters of the KLOE-2 experiment
Creators: name: Happacher, F.
name: Martini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three new sub-detectors have been installed on May 2013 in the KLOE apparatus of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati of INFN. Photon detection is improved by means of a small crystal calorimeter, named CCALT, in the very forward direction and of a tungsten-scintillating tile sampling device, named QCALT, instrumenting the low-beta quadrupoles of the accelerator. During the first DA$ϕ$NE operations, some preliminary runs, both with and without collisions, have been acquired allowing the commissioning of new subdetectors. In this paper, we report a brief description of QCALT and CCALT and a summary of the commissioning phase.
GIS based Integrated Electrification Planning: case Study for the case of Ethiopia
Creators: name: AMare, Adisalem Mebrahtu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Energy

description: The national Electrification Plan of Ethiopia target to achieve universal access by 2025 with 65% on-Grid and 35% off-grid technologies. In this study the national electrification plan analyzed and alternative GIS base Electrification Plan for the universal access by 2030 with low demand and 2040 with higher demand target.
FDTD-based optical simulations methodology for CMOS image sensors pixels architecture and process optimization
Creators: name: Hirigoyen, Flavien
name: Crocherie, Axel
name: Vaillant, Jérôme
name: Cazaux, Yvon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new FDTD-based optical simulation model dedicated to describe the optical performances of CMOS image sensors taking into account diffraction effects. Following market trend and industrialization constraints, CMOS image sensors must be easily embedded into even smaller packages, which are now equipped with auto-focus and short-term coming zoom system. Due to miniaturization, the ray-tracing models used to evaluate pixels optical performances are not accurate anymore to describe the light propagation inside the sensor, because of diffraction effects. Thus we adopt a more fundamental description to take into account these diffraction effects: we chose to use Maxwell-Boltzmann based modeling to compute the propagation of light, and to use a software with an FDTD-based (Finite Difference Time Domain) engine to solve this propagation. We present in this article the complete methodology of this modeling: on one hand incoherent plane waves are propagated to approximate a product-use diffuse-like source, on the other hand we use periodic conditions to limit the size of the simulated model and both memory and computation time. After having presented the correlation of the model with measurements we will illustrate its use in the case of the optimization of a 1.75$μ$m pixel.
Migration and Its Effects on Agriculture and Rural Development Potential
Creators: name: Bird, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: Migration is a major continuing phenomenon associated with national and subnational development. The past, present, and future significance of migration on rural development and agriculture are reviewed in this paper. Data are cited which appear to be at variance with popular beliefs. The complexity of interrelationships between migration development (including rural development) and agriculture are illustrated. Discussed are the significant differences among and within regions in patterns of population distribution and related migration behavior. The income position of agriculture in the South, factors affecting U.S. migration, and the relation of migration to agriculture and rural development potentials are discussed. Tables, maps, and graphs are used to present the data.
description: Paper presented at a National Symposium on "The Labor Force: Migration, Earnings and Growth", Muscle Shoals, Alabama, June 22-23, 1972
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY DEMAND for RESIDENTIAL Sector IN ITALY:A CASE STUDY FOR MUNICIPALITY OF MILAN
Creators: name: Elmaddah, Esraa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Energy Demand Assessment
MAED

description: Italy has been working towards implementing the different energy efficiency and security instruments in all sectors including households. The residential sector represented around 20% of the final consumption of energy as per 2016. Accordingly, this study provides an analysis of the penetration of different energy resources in households demand in the municipality of Milan based on 2011 ISTAT census data as base-year and the following years of 2016,2021,2026 and 2031. The study took into account “the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan” targets. This poster summarizes the project developed as part of the ICTP Joint Summer School for Sustainable Development 2023
Structure and properties of lead silicate glasses
Creators: name: Caurant, Daniel
name: Wallez, Gilles
name: Majérus, Odile
name: Roisine, Gauthier
name: Charpentier, Thibault
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The original electronic structure of the Pb$^{2+}$ ion explains its particular structural role in crystalline phases and silicate glasses. After a description of the structural role of lead in crystalline phases (PbO, silicates), this chapter presents a summary of the main structural studies carried out on glasses from the SiO$_2$-PbO, SiO$_2$-PbO-R$_2$O (R: alkaline) and SiO$_2$-PbO-Al$_2$O$_3$ systems, using various spectroscopic and simulation techniques.
Additional file 4 of A meta systematic review of artificial intelligence in higher education: a call for increased ethics, collaboration, and rigour
Creators: name: Bond, Melissa
name: Khosravi, Hassan
name: De Laat, Maarten
name: Bergdahl, Nina
name: Negrea, Violeta
name: Oxley, Emily
name: Pham, Phuong
name: Chong, Sin Wang
name: Siemens, George
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Appendix D. Top 7 journals by evidence synthesis types.
Faculty of Applied Science and Open Science – A team: Overview 2021-2023
Creators: name: Team, TNW Open Science
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Science
Open Data
Open Software
Open Publishing
Open Access
Open Science Team

description: The Faculty of Applied Sciences (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands) established its Open Science Team in 2021. In this overview you can find the Team's goal and mission and background information about the proces. The overview also contains results from the discussions that took place in 2022. Based on these discussion actions for the future are highlighted. The questionnaire and resources used during the discussions are also provided.
description: {"references": ["University of Twente, ICT strategic Plan on Open Science - Appendix B (2021, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113578)", "Gownaris, N.J., Vermeir, K., Bittner, M.-I., Gunawardena, L., Kaur-Ghumaan, S., Lepenies, R., Ntsefong, G.N. and Zakari, I.S., 2022. Barriers to Full Participation in the Open Science Life Cycle among Early Career Researchers. Data Science Journal, 21(1), p.2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2022-002"]}
Development of Algorithms to Determine Genetic Markers for Immunotherapy Response in Melanoma
Creators: name: Limaye, Aditi
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Melanoma
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational biology

description: We hope to characterize response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy by distinguishing between genomic correlates of responders versus non responders to this therapy and validating this computational technique with data from robust CRISPR screens in in vivo models. Such characterization seeks to assist in the creation of therapeutic supplements to existing immunotherapies and thus improve response in patients. To that end, we aim to better understand the genetic underpinnings of why some melanoma patients respond to CTLA-4 blockade therapy and use results to guide development of future therapeutics which improve melanoma prognosis. Existing literature characterizes genetic correlates to blockade therapy, but none incorporate in vitro models for response as our methodology does. This work seeks to build an algorithm for prediction of such genetic markers of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy response and to demonstrate that this methodology is applicable in in vivo contexts. Such an algorithm could then be further applied to a wide variety of diseases and therapies in order to more quickly and accurately characterize genetic markers of the response, and to more rapidly develop targeted therapeutics that improves clinical outcomes. Ultimately, we see that our proposed algorithm for such in silico analysis successfully predicts markers that perform well in in vivo experiments. We hope this leads to more rapid and informed development of potential therapeutics to improve response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, an active area of research in oncology and immunology today.
Additional file 5 of A meta systematic review of artificial intelligence in higher education: a call for increased ethics, collaboration, and rigour
Creators: name: Bond, Melissa
name: Khosravi, Hassan
name: De Laat, Maarten
name: Bergdahl, Nina
name: Negrea, Violeta
name: Oxley, Emily
name: Pham, Phuong
name: Chong, Sin Wang
name: Siemens, George
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Appendix E. Institutional affiliations.
Domain size heterogeneity in the Ising model: geometrical and thermal transitions
Creators: name: de la Rocha, André R.
name: de Oliveira, Paulo Murilo C.
name: Arenzon, Jeferson J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measure of cluster size heterogeneity ($H$), introduced by Lee et al [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 84}, 020101 (2011)] in the context of explosive percolation, was recently applied to random percolation and to domains of parallel spins in the Ising and Potts models. It is defined as the average number of different domain sizes in a given configuration and a new exponent was introduced to explain its scaling with the size of the system. In thermal spin models, however, physical clusters take into account the temperature-dependent correlation between neighboring spins and encode the critical properties of the phase transition. We here extend the measure of $H$ to these clusters and, moreover, present new results for the geometric domains for both $d=2$ and 3. We show that the heterogeneity associated with geometric domains has a previously unnoticed double peak, thus being able to detect both the thermal and percolative transition. An alternative interpretation for the scaling of $H$ that does not introduce a new exponent is also proposed.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Contribution of rapid evolution of the luxR-luxI intergenic region to the diverse bioluminescence outputs of Vibrio fischeri strains isolated from different environments
Creators: name: Wollenberg, M.S.
name: Bose, J.L.
name: Septer, A.N.
name: Colton, D.M.
name: Stabb, E.V.
name: Mandel, M.J.
name: Dunn, A.K.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 2011

description: Vibrio fischeri serves as a valuable model of bacterial bioluminescence, its regulation, and its functional significance. Light output varies more than 10,000-fold in wild-type isolates from different environments, yet dim and bright strains have similar organization of the light-producing lux genes, with the activator-encoding luxR divergently transcribed from luxICDABEG. By comparing the genomes of bright strain MJ11 and the dimmer ES114, we found that the lux region has diverged more than most shared orthologs, including those flanking lux. Divergence was particularly high in the intergenic sequence between luxR and luxI. Analysis of the intergenic lux region from 18 V. fischeri strains revealed that, with one exception, sequence divergence essentially mirrored strain phylogeny but with relatively high substitution rates. The bases conserved among intergenic luxR-luxI sequences included binding sites for known regulators, such as LuxR and ArcA, and bases of unknown significance, including a striking palindromic repeat. By using this collection of diverse luxR-luxI regions, we found that expression of PluxI-lacZ but not PluxR-lacZ transcriptional reporters correlated with the luminescence output of the strains from which the promoters originated. We also found that exchange of a small stretch of the luxI-luxR intergenic region between two strains largely reversed their relative brightness. Our results show that the luxR-luxI intergenic region contributes significantly to the variable luminescence output among V. fischeri strains isolated from different environments, although other elements of strain backgrounds also contribute. Moreover, the lux system appears to have evolved relatively rapidly, suggesting unknown environment-specific selective pressures.
The passive diffusion of Leptospira interrogans
Creators: name: Koens, Lyndon
name: Lauga, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental measurements, the passive diffusion of the bacterium \textit{Leptospira interrogans} is investigated theoretically. By approximating the cell shape as a straight helix and using the slender-body-theory approximation of Stokesian hydrodynamics, the resistance matrix of \textit{Leptospira} is first determined numerically. The passive diffusion of the helical cell is then obtained computationally using a Langevin formulation which is sampled in time in a manner consistent with the experimental procedure. Our results are in excellent quantitative agreement with the experimental results with no adjustable parameters.
The most metal-rich damped Lyman alpha systems at z>1.5 I: The Data
Creators: name: Berg, Trystyn A. M.
name: Neeleman, Marcel
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Wolfe, Arthur M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HIRES observations for 30 damped Lyman alpha systems, selected on the basis of their large metal column densities from previous, lower resolution data. The measured metal column densities for Fe, Zn, S, Si, Cr, Mn, and Ni are provided for these 30 systems. Combined with previously observed large metal column density damped Lyman alpha systems, we present a sample of 44 damped Lyman alpha systems observed with high resolution spectrographs (R~30000). These damped Lyman alpha systems probe the most chemically evolved systems at redshifts greater than 1.5. We discuss the context of our sample with the general damped Lyman alpha population, demonstrating that we are probing the top 10% of metal column densities with our sample. In a companion paper, we will present an analysis of the sample's elemental abundances in the context of galactic chemical enrichment.
description: Accepted for publication in PASP. 54 pages, 36 figures. Please contact Trystyn Berg to view Figures 3-32 if desired
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Biomass to Electricity Production | ICTP Joint Summer School For Sustainable Development | 2023 - Poster
Creators: name: Bouallegui Rakia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The current Tunisian electricity system is relying on fossil fuels, around 97% of the total electricity production is based on natural gas and crude oil. Tunisia's GHG profile is dominated by emissions from the energy sector, coming mainly from the Natural gas combustion. The need for renewable energy integration seemed to be a necessity for Tunisia. For this reason, the government has settled a goal for renewable electricity sources integration by 30% by 2030, equivalent to 3815 MW as a total installed capacity, from which 100MW of biomass is expected. Tunisia has also a great potential of biomass. In this research work, agricultural biomass is concerned, mainly cattle manure for its availability and its negative environmental impacts. The conducted work during the summer school aims to assess the environmental impacts of integrating the biomass to electricity production using the Input Output based Life cycle assessment using MARIO.
Data from: Accelerating local extinction associated with very recent climate change
Creators: name: Holzmann, Kim
name: Walls, Ramona
name: Wiens, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Climate change
extinction
Genomics
niche
range shift
reptile

description: Climate change has already caused local extinction in many plants and animals, based on surveys spanning many decades. As climate change accelerates, the pace of these extinctions may also accelerate, potentially leading to large-scale, species-level extinctions. We tested this hypothesis in a montane lizard. We resurveyed 18 mountain ranges in 2021–2022 after only ~7 years. We found rates of local extinction among the fastest ever recorded, which have tripled in the past ~7 years relative to the preceding ~42 years. Further, climate change generated local extinction in ~7 years similar to that seen in other organisms over ~70 years. Yet, contrary to expectations, populations at two of the hottest sites survived. We found that genomic data helped predict which populations survived and which went extinct. Overall, we show the increasing risk to biodiversity posed by accelerating climate change, and the opportunity to study its effects over surprisingly brief timescales.
description: Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DEB 1655690
Chaotic Explosions
Creators: name: Altmann, Eduardo G.
name: Portela, Jefferson S. E.
name: Tél, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate chaotic dynamical systems for which the intensity of trajectories might grow unlimited in time. We show that (i) the intensity grows exponentially in time and is distributed spatially according to a fractal measure with an information dimension smaller than that of the phase space,(ii) such exploding cases can be described by an operator formalism similar to the one applied to chaotic systems with absorption (decaying intensities), but (iii) the invariant quantities characterizing explosion and absorption are typically not directly related to each other, e.g., the decay rate and fractal dimensions of absorbing maps typically differ from the ones computed in the corresponding inverse (exploding) maps. We illustrate our general results through numerical simulation in the cardioid billiard mimicking a lasing optical cavity, and through analytical calculations in the baker map.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Possible interpretation of the complex expectation values associated with resonances
Creators: name: Myo, Takayuki
name: Kato, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a possible scheme to interpret the complex expectation values associated with resonances having the complex eigenenergies. Using the Green's function for resonances, the expectation value is basically described by the Breit-Wigner distribution as a function of the real excitation energy. In the expression of the complex expectation values for resonances, the real part brings the integral value of the distribution, while the imaginary part produces the deviation from the Breit-Wigner distribution,which explains a shift of the peak in the strength from the resonance energy. We apply the present scheme to the several nuclear resonances of $^{12}$C including the Hoyle state, and neutron/proton-rich nuclei of $^6$He, $^6$Be, $^8$He, and $^8$C. In these nuclei, many-body resonances are obtained as the complex-energy eigenstates under the correct boundary condition using the complex scaling method, and their nuclear radii are uniquely evaluated. We discuss the peculiar energy dependence of the strength function of the square radius for the resonances in these nuclei.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
FNR-mediated regulation of bioluminescence and anaerobic respiration in the light-organ symbiont Vibrio fischeri
Creators: name: Dunn, A.K.
name: Bose, J.L.
name: Septer, A.N.
name: Stabb, E.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Vibrio fischeri induces both anaerobic respiration and bioluminescence during symbiotic infection. In many bacteria, the oxygen-sensitive regulator FNR activates anaerobic respiration, and a preliminary study using the light-generating lux genes from V. fischeri MJ1 cloned in Escherichia coli suggested that FNR stimulates bioluminescence. To test for FNR-mediated regulation of bioluminescence and anaerobic respiration in V. fischeri, we generated fnr mutants of V. fischeri strains MJ1 and ES114. In both strains, FNR was required for normal fumarate- and nitrate-dependent respiration. However, contrary to the report in transgenic E. coli, FNR mediated the repression of lux. ArcA represses bioluminescence, and ParcA-lacZ reporters showed reduced expression in fnr mutants, suggesting a possible indirect effect of FNR on bioluminescence via arcA. Finally, the fnr mutant of ES114 was not impaired in colonization of its host squid, Euprymna scolopes. This study extends the characterization of FNR to the Vibrionaceae and underscores the importance of studying lux regulation in its native background.
Additional file 6 of A meta systematic review of artificial intelligence in higher education: a call for increased ethics, collaboration, and rigour
Creators: name: Bond, Melissa
name: Khosravi, Hassan
name: De Laat, Maarten
name: Bergdahl, Nina
name: Negrea, Violeta
name: Oxley, Emily
name: Pham, Phuong
name: Chong, Sin Wang
name: Siemens, George
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Appendix F. Author disciplinary affiliation by evidence synthesis types.
Ultracold two-level atom in a quadratic potential
Creators: name: Soto-Eguibar, F.
name: Zúñiga-Segundo, A.
name: Rodríguez-Lara, B. M.
name: Moya-Cessa, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a right unitary decomposition to study an ultracold two-level atom interacting with a quantum field. We show that such a right unitary approach simplifies the numerical evolution for arbitrary position-dependent atom-field couplings. In particular, we provide a closed form, analytic time evolution operator for atom-field couplings with quadratic dependence on the position of the atom.
description: 11 pages, 2 figues
Genome-wide analysis of the PreA/PreB (QseB/QseC) regulon of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Creators: name: Carroll-Portillo, A.
name: McClelland, M.
name: Septer, A.N.
name: Gunn, J.S.
name: Porwollik, S.
name: Bhatiya, A.
name: Merighi, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Background. The Salmonella PreA/PreB two-component system (TCS) is an ortholog of the QseBC TCS of Escherichia coli. In both Salmonella and E. coli, this system has been shown to affect motility and virulence in response to quorum-sensing and hormonal signals, and to affect the transcription of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) pmrAB operon, which encodes an important virulence-associated TCS. Results. To determine the PreA/PreB regulon in S. Typhimurium, we performed DNA microarrays comparing the wild type strain and various preA and/or preB mutants in the presence of ectopically expressed preA (qseB). These data confirmed our previous findings of the negative effect of PreB on PreA gene regulation and identified candidate PreA-regulated genes. A proportion of the activated loci were previously identified as PmrA-activated genes (yibD, pmrAB, cptA, etc.) or were genes located in the local region around preA, including the preAB operon. The transcriptional units were defined in this local region by RT-PCR, suggesting three PreA activated operons composed of preA-preB, mdaB-ygiN, and ygiW-STM3175. Several putative virulence-related phenotypes were examined for preAB mutants, resulting in the observation of a host cell invasion and slight virulence defect of a preAB mutant. Contrary to previous reports on this TCS, we were unable to show a PreA/PreB-dependent effect of the quorum-sensing signal AI-2 or of epinephrine on S. Typhimurium with regard to bacterial motility. Conclusion. This work further characterizes this unorthadox OmpR/EnvZ class TCS and provides novel candidate regulated genes for further study. This first in-depth study of the PreA/PreB regulatory system phenotypes and regulation suggests significant comparative differences to the reported function of the orthologous QseB/QseC in E. coli.
Life Cycle and Scenario Analysis of different hydrogen production pathways for India
Creators: name: Sukriti Sharma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: National Hydrogen Mission
MARIO
LCA
Green Hydrogen

description: India is poised to lead the developing world in achieving global resilience to climate change. Ahead of COP 27 (Conference of the Parties) in Egypt, the GoI has ratified Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as a formal statement describing its climate change action plan. Hydrogen is considered one of the most prominent energy options and has a rationale in low-carbon energy systems. It has the highest energy content by weight as compared to other fossil fuel sources. The Honorable Prime Minister announced the National Hydrogen Mission (NHM) during the 74th Independence Day speech in 2021. The current study explores the life cycle analysis of different hydrogen production pathways, viz., gray, blue, green, and Turquoise hydrogen, for India by using the open source platform MARIO developed by the SESAM research group from Politecnico di Milano. The functional unit for the study is tonnes of carbon dioxide emitted per tonne of hydrogen production.
Options for Training in Research Data Skills
Creators: name: Hoebelheinrich, Nancy
Publisher: name: ESIP
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Uncategorized
subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Describes an option for finding both formal and informal learning resources on topics related to research data skills and data management, the ESIP-hosted Data Management Training Clearinghouse.
Role of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium two-component system PreA/PreB in modulating PmrA-regulated gene transcription
Creators: name: Carroll-Portillo, A.
name: Septer, A.N.
name: Bhatiya, A.
name: Merighi, M.
name: Gunn, J.S.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 2006

description: The PmrA/PmrB two-component system encoded by the pmrCAB operon regulates the modification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide leading to polymyxin B resistance. PmrA and PhoP are the only known activators of pmrCAB. A transposon mutagenesis screen for additional regulators of a pmrC::MudJ fusion led to the identification of a two-component system, termed PreA/PreB (pmrCAB regulators A and B), that controls the transcription of the pmrCAB operon in response to unknown signals. The initial observations indicated that insertions in, or a deletion of, the preB sensor, but not the preA response regulator, caused upregulation of pmrCAB. Interestingly, the expression of pmrCAB was not upregulated in a preAB mutant grown in LB broth, implicating PreA in the increased expression of pmrCAB in the preB strain. This was confirmed by overexpression of preA+ in preAB or preB backgrounds, which resulted in significant upregulation or further upregulation of pmrCAB. No such effect was observed in any tested preB+ backgrounds. Additionally, an ectopic construct expressing a preA[D51A] allele also failed to upregulate pmrC in any of the pre backgrounds tested, which implies that there is a need for phosphorylation in the activation of the target genes. The observed upregulation of pmrCAB occurred independently of the response regulators PmrA and PhoP. Although a preB mutation led to increased transcription of pmrCAB, this did not result in a measurable effect on polymyxin B resistance. Our genetic data support a model of regulation whereby, in response to unknown signals, the PreB sensor activates PreA, which in turn indirectly upregulates pmrCAB transcription.
Modelling of energy demand for e-pentration technologies in the transport sector :In the context of Ethiopia.
Creators: name: Tessema, Tegen Dagnew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: MEAD, Energy Demand Modeling, Transport Sector Of Ethiopia, E-Vehicles

description: This work aims to investigate the impact of adopting e-vehicles/cars in the transport energy systems of Ethiopia using MEAD on the final energy demand. With this model, the BAU scenario was investigated based on the policy document of the country with an assumption that the government could remain to use petroleum motor fuels for the next 30 years using 2020 as a base year for projecting the model years. On the other hand, with the adoption of e-vehicles by 20% penetration level up to 2050. Here in ,the energy demand modeling were carried out in the transport sector of Ethiopia .we can realize that there is an increase in energy demand by 10% (average)when we switch the e-vehicles by 60% by the next 2050 as compared to the BAU scenario. Moreover, the energy demand share of by the mobility activity by bus and car takes a huge share of (48%) as compared to freight and international transport.
Super-diffusion versus competitive advection: a simulation
Creators: name: Del Moro, D.
name: Giannattasio, F.
name: Berrilli, F.
name: Consolini, G.
name: Lepreti, F.
name: Gosic, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic element tracking is often used to study the transport and diffusion of the magnetic field on the solar photosphere. From the analysis of the displacement spectrum of these tracers, it has been recently agreed that a regime of super-diffusivity dominates the solar surface. Quite habitually this result is discussed in the framework of fully developed turbulence. But the debate whether the super-diffusivity is generated by a turbulent dispersion process, by the advection due to the convective pattern, or by even another process, is still open, as is the question about the amount of diffusivity at the scales relevant to the local dynamo process. To understand how such peculiar diffusion in the solar atmosphere takes places, we compared the results from two different data-sets (ground-based and space-borne) and developed a simulation of passive tracers advection by the deformation of a Voronoi network. The displacement spectra of the magnetic elements obtained by the data-sets are consistent in retrieving a super-diffusive regime for the solar photosphere, but the simulation also shows a super-diffusive displacement spectrum: its competitive advection process can reproduce the signature of super-diffusion. Therefore, it is not necessary to hypothesize a totally developed turbulence regime to explain the motion of the magnetic elements on the solar surface.
Excitation of Multi-periodic Kink Motions in Solar Flare Loops: Possible Application to Quasi-periodic Pulsations
Creators: name: Shi, Mijie
name: Li, Bo
name: Chen, Shao-Xia
name: Guo, Mingzhe
name: Yuan, Shengju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves are often invoked to interpret quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in solar flares. We study the response of a straight flare loop to a kink-like velocity perturbation using three-dimensional MHD simulations and forward model the microwave emissions using the fast gyrosynchrotron code. Kink motions with two periodicities are simultaneously generated,with the long-period component P_L = 57s being attributed to the radial fundamental kink mode and the short-period component P_S=5.8s to the first leaky kink mode. Forward modeling results show that the two-periodic oscillations are detectable in the microwave intensities for some lines of sight. Increasing the beam size to (1")^2 does not wipe out the microwave oscillations. We propose that the first leaky kink mode is a promising candidate mechanism to account for short-period QPPs. Radio telescopes with high spatial resolutions can help distinguish between this new mechanism with such customary interpretations as sausage modes.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Explosive lithium production in the classical nova V339 Del (Nova Delphini 2013)
Creators: name: Tajitsu, Akito
name: Sadakane, Kozo
name: Naito, Hiroyuki
name: Arai, Akir
name: Aoki, Wako
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of lithium (Li) and its production process have long been an unsettled question in cosmology and astrophysics. Candidates environments of Li production events or sites suggested by previous studies include big bang nucleosynthesis, interactions of energetic cosmic rays with interstellar matter, evolved low mass stars, novae, and supernova explosions. Chemical evolution models and observed stellar Li abundances suggest that at least half of the present Li abundance may have been produced in red giants, asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, and novae. However, no direct evidence for the supply of Li from stellar objects to the Galactic medium has yet been found. Here we report on the detection of highly blue-shifted resonance lines of the singly ionized radioactive isotope of beryllium, $^{7}$Be, in the near ultraviolet (UV) spectra of the classical nova V339 Del (Nova Delphini 2013). Spectra were obtained 38 to 48 days after the explosion. $^{7}$Be decays to form $^{7}$Li within a short time (half-life 53.22 days). The spectroscopic detection of this fragile isotope implies that it has been created during the nova explosion via the reaction $^{3}\mbox{He}(α,γ)^{7}\mbox{Be}$, and supports the theoretical prediction that a significant amount of $^{7}$Li could be produced in classical nova explosions. This finding opens a new way to explore $^{7}$Li production in classical novae and provides a clue to the mystery of the Galactic evolution of lithium.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures, published in Nature
Identification of cptA, a PmrA-regulated locus required for phosphoethanolamine modification of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lipopolysaccharide core
Creators: name: Merighi, M.
name: Gunn, J.S.
name: Carlson, R.
name: Choudhury, B.
name: Tamayo, R.
name: Septer, A.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 2005

description: In response to the in vivo environment, the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is modified. These modifications are controlled in part by the two-component regulatory system PmrA-PmrB, with the addition of 4-aminoarabinose (Ara4N) to the lipid A and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) to the lipid A and core. Here we demonstrate that the PmrA-regulated STM4118 (cptA) gene is necessary for the addition of pEtN to the LPS core. pmrC, a PmrA-regulated gene necessary for the addition of pEtN to lipid A, did not affect core pEtN addition. Although imparting a similar surface charge modification as Ara4N, which greatly affects polymyxin B resistance and murine virulence, neither pmrC nor cptA plays a dramatic role in antimicrobial peptide resistance in vitro or virulence in the mouse model. Therefore, factors other than surface charge/electrostatic interaction contribute to resistance to antimicrobial peptides such as polymyxin B.
Additional file 11 of A meta systematic review of artificial intelligence in higher education: a call for increased ethics, collaboration, and rigour
Creators: name: Bond, Melissa
name: Khosravi, Hassan
name: De Laat, Maarten
name: Bergdahl, Nina
name: Negrea, Violeta
name: Oxley, Emily
name: Pham, Phuong
name: Chong, Sin Wang
name: Siemens, George
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 11: Appendix K. Quality assessment.
Searching for Be Stars in the Open Cluster NGC 663
Creators: name: Yu, P. C.
name: Lin, C. C.
name: Chen, W. P.
name: Lee, C. D.
name: Ip, W. H.
name: Ngeow, C. C.
name: Laher, Russ
name: Surace, Jason
name: Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Be star candidates in the open cluster NGC\,663, identified by H$α$ imaging photometry with the Palomar Transient Factory Survey, as a pilot program to investigate how the Be star phenomena, the emission spectra, extended circumstellar envelopes, and fast rotation, correlate with massive stellar evolution. Stellar membership of the candidates was verified by 2MASS magnitudes and colors, and by proper motions. We discover 4 new Be stars and exclude one known Be star from being a member due to its inconsistent proper motions. The fraction of Be stars to member stars [N(Be)/N(members)] in NGC\,663 is 3.5\%. The spectral type of the 34 Be stars in NGC\,663 shows bimodal peaks at B0--B2 and B5--B7, which is consistent with the statistics in most star clusters. Additionally, we also discover 23 emission-line stars of different types, including non-member Be stars, dwarfs, and giants.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, accepted by AJ
The mixing of dust and gas in the high latitude translucent cloud MBM 40
Creators: name: Monaci, Marco
name: Magnani, Loris
name: Shore, Steven N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. High latitude molecular clouds (hereafter HLMCs) permit the study of interstellar gas dynamics and astrochemistry with good accuracy due to their proximity, generally clear lines of sight, and lack of internal star-forming activity which can heavily modify the physical context. MBM 40, one of the nearest HLMCs, has been extensively studied, making it a superb target to infer and study the dust-to-gas mixing ratio (DGMR). Aims. The mixing of dust and gas in the interstellar medium remains a fundamental issue to keep track of astrochemistry evolution and molecular abundances. Accounting for both molecular and atomic gas is difficult because $H_2$ is not directly observable and HI spectra always show different dynamical profiles blended together which are not directly correlated with the cloud. We used two independent strategies to infer the molecular and atomic gas column densities and compute the dust-to-gas mixing ratio. Methods. We combined $HI$ 21 cm and $^{12}CO$ line observations with the IRAS 100 $μ$m image to infer the dust-to-gas mixing ratio within the cloud. The cloud 21 cm profile was extracted using a hybrid Gaussian decomposition where $^{12}CO$ was used to deduce the total molecular hydrogen column density. Infrared images were used to calculate the dust emission. Results. The dust-to-gas mixing ratio is nearly uniform within the cloud as outlined by the hairpin structure. The total hydrogen column density and 100 $μ$m emissivity are linearly correlated over a range in $N(H_{tot})$ of one order of magnitude.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Discovery and Development of Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of CIB1
Creators: name: Puhl, A.C.
name: Bowers, A.A.
name: Chen, X.
name: Feng, E.
name: Pearce, K.H.
name: Suga, H.
name: Parise, L.V.
name: Kireev, D.
name: Fleming, S.R.
name: Haberman, V.A.
name: Goto, Y.
name: Leisner, T.M.
name: Xie, L.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2021

description: Calcium and integrin binding protein 1 (CIB1) is a small, intracellular protein recently implicated in survival and proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Considering its interactions with PAK1 and downstream signaling, CIB1 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target in TNBC. As such, CIB1 has been the focus of inhibitor discovery efforts. To overcome issues of potency and stability in previously reported CIB1 inhibitors, we deploy mRNA display to discover new cyclic peptide inhibitors with improved biophysical properties and cellular activity. We advance UNC10245131, a cyclic peptide with low nanomolar affinity and good selectivity for CIB1 over other EF-hand domain proteins and improved permeability and stability over previously identified linear peptide inhibitor UNC10245092. Unlike UNC10245092, UNC10245131 lacks cytotoxicity and does not affect downstream signaling. Despite this, UNC10245131 is a potent ligand that could aid in clarifying roles of CIB1 in TNBC survival and proliferation and other CIB1-associated biological phenotypes.
Sustainable Energy Transition in the Philippines: Balancing Renewables, Land Use, and Biodiversity
Creators: name: Voskanyan Marine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: SDG13

description: The CLEWS (Climate, Land, Energy, and Water Systems) analysis in the Philippines identifies the current energy mix, fossil fuel dependency, renewable energy potential, land use implications, environmental impact, and provides policy recommendations for achieving sustainable energy goals.
Additional file 12 of A meta systematic review of artificial intelligence in higher education: a call for increased ethics, collaboration, and rigour
Creators: name: Bond, Melissa
name: Khosravi, Hassan
name: De Laat, Maarten
name: Bergdahl, Nina
name: Negrea, Violeta
name: Oxley, Emily
name: Pham, Phuong
name: Chong, Sin Wang
name: Siemens, George
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 12: Appendix L. Benefits and Challenges identified in ‘General AIEd’ reviews.