Iberomeryx miaoi Mennecart &amp; Aiglstorfer &amp; Li &amp; Li &amp; Wang 2021, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Mennecart, Bastien
name: Aiglstorfer, Manuela
name: Li, Yikun
name: Li, Chunxiao
name: Wang, ShiQi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Lophiomerycidae
Iberomeryx
Iberomeryx miaoi

description: <i>Iberomeryx miaoi</i> nov.sp. Figure 1D and Figure S4. v 1982 <i>Lophiomeryx gracilis</i> ?—Miao: 536, Fig. 820. ZooBank LSID. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE3F88E9-0EAF-4EC6-A46F-8623241E614B. <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Iberomeryx</i> with a very large paraconid, which is smaller in <i>Iberomeryx minor</i> and <i>Iberomeryx parvus</i>. Te metastylid is not strong but is more developed than in the other species. Te ectostylid is big on m1, smaller on m2 and absent on m3, while <i>I. minor</i> displays an ectostylid on all molars and <i>I. parvus</i> none at all. <i>Iberomeryx miaoi</i> nov. sp. is of similar size to <i>I. minor</i> and its m2 is smaller than the one of <i>I. parvus</i>. It differs from <i>I. minor</i> by a thin anterior cingulid. Moreover, its protoconid is positioned slightly more anterior than in <i>I. parvus</i>. Te molars appear to be more massive and bulkier in this species than in <i>I. minor</i> and <i>I. parvus.</i> Holotype. IVPP V 6551, lef mandible with m1–m3 (only specimen known). m1 5.1 × 3.5, m2 5.2 × 4.1, m3 8.0× 4.0. 7 Etymology. We dedicate this species to Prof. Miao Desui who was the first to describe the Shinao fauna. Locality and horizon. Shinao Basin, Panxian County, Southwestern Guizhou, China. Late Eocene. <b>Taxonomical attribution.</b> Tis minute ruminant was referred to <i>Lophiomeryx gracilis</i> ? by Miao 20. However, he already noticed that the size of this individual was smaller than in the other specimens attributed to <i>Lophiomeryx gracilis</i>.Miao 20 excluded an attribution of IVPP V 6551 to " <i>Lophiomeryx " gaudryi</i> due to a closed posterior section of the posterior fossa on the m3. However, in both teeth, the posterior fossa is still open by the reduction of the postentocristid. Te here-described specimen clearly differs from <i>Lophiomeryx</i> by the presence of an external postmetacristid forming a slight <i>Dorcatherium</i> fold, a developed external postprotocristid (clearly visible at least on m2), and a largeparaconid 36. Furthermore the external postprotocristid and prehypocristid are connected on their distal ends and the third basin of m3 forms a well-formed buckle, unlike the condition in Lophiomerycidae 14, 16, 33, 36, 37. Te combination of these characters is typical for Tragulidae 36. Very few taxa are so far known in the early evolution of the Tragulidae. Only <i>Archaeotragulus</i>, <i>Iberomeryx</i>, and <i>Nalameryx</i> are recognized as potential Paleogene Tragulidae 17, 36, 46, of which <i>Archaeotragulus</i> is currently the oldest representative described 17, 47. <i>Archaeotragulus</i> possesses lower molars with a broadened talonid in comparison to the trigonid and displays an entoconidian groove 36. In the case of IVPP V 6551, the trigonid and talonid are of similar size and no specific entoconidian groove can be observed. Mennecart et al. 36 considered <i>Nalameryx</i> a Tragulidae notably based on the presence of the M structure (the external postmetacristid, the internal postmetacristid, the internal postprotocristid, and the external postprotocristid are interconnected forming a M in occlusal view), including the <i>Tragulus</i> fold and <i>Dorcatherium</i> fold, and the absence of a rounded mesolingual conid in the p 435. IVPP V 6551 differs from <i>Nalameryx</i> in having an m3 wider than m1 and similar m1 and m2 widths 17. In size proportions and molar morphology, IVPP V 6551 resembles the genus <i>Iberomeryx</i>. In IVPP V 6551, the relative size of the m2 is more similar to <i>I. minor</i>. In <i>Iberomeryx minor</i>, the anterior cingulid is big 36, 46, while in <i>Iberomeryx parvus</i> the cingulid is thin 48 like in IVPP V 6551. Te teeth of IVPP V 6551 appear to be more massive and bulkier than in <i>I. minor</i> and <i>I. parvus</i> 36, 48. Similarly to <i>I. minor</i>, the protoconid of IVPP V 6551 is a little more anterior than in <i>I. parvus</i> 36, 48. IVPP V 6551 clearly differs from <i>I. parvus</i> and <i>I. minor</i> by the presence of a very large paraconid, which is smaller in the two other species 36, 48. Moreover, the metastylid in IVPP V 6551 is slightly more developed than in <i>I. minor</i> and not present in <i>I. parvus</i> 43, 48. <i>Iberomeryx minor</i> displays an ectostylid on all molars 36, while this structure is absent from <i>I. parvus</i> 48. Te ectostylid in IVPP V 6551 is large on m1 to absent on m3. Based on these differences we decided to erect the new species <i>Iberomeryx miaoi</i> nov.sp.
description: Published as part of <i>Mennecart, Bastien, Aiglstorfer, Manuela, Li, Yikun, Li, Chunxiao &amp; Wang, ShiQi, 2021, Ruminants reveal Eocene Asiatic palaeobiogeographical provinces as the origin of diachronous mammalian Oligocene dispersals into Europe, pp. 1-12 in Scientific Reports 1</i> on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96221-x, http://zenodo.org/record/5645747
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