cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-Output Productivity Change for Korean Agriculture: Non-Frontier Primal Measure with Farm-Level Panel Data
Creators: name: Kang, Hyejung
name: Kang, Hyejung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: This paper analyzes the productivity growth in Korean agriculture with data on multiple crops over the five years from 1998 to 2002. Measurements are obtained from the estimation of a non-frontier multi-output production function. Multi-output production technology is characterized with a transformation function. For empirical analysis, this study employs the generalized linear transformation function, which extends a linear functional form by allowing a full set of interactions among arguments in the function. The results find that technological change has led a significant productivity change. Larger farms experience the highest rate of productivity growth by the greatest rate of scale effect. More human capital also leads higher productivity growth rates.
Additional file 1 of Data-driven FDG-PET subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease-related neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Levin, Fedor
name: Ferreira, Daniel
name: Lange, Catharina
name: Dyrba, Martin
name: Westman, Eric
name: Buchert, Ralph
name: Teipel, Stefan J.
name: Grothe, Michel J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. A/T/N profiles across AD and prodromal AD subtypes. Supplementary Table 2. Structures defined in the Harvard-Oxford atlas that were used to measure the composite cortical volume. Supplementary Table 3. Hazard ratios for progression of subtypes of patients with prodromal AD to dementia. Supplementary Table 4. Mixed effects regression models of longitudinal cognitive decline across subtypes in the prodromal AD group; “no hypometabolism” subtype as reference. Supplementary Table 5. Mixed effects regression models of longitudinal cognitive decline across subtypes in the prodromal AD group; “limbic-predominant” subtype as reference. Supplementary Table 6. Comparisons between AD subtypes with respect to the ratio of inferior to medial temporal metabolism assessed with FDG-PET. Supplementary Table 7. Correlations between the HV: CTV ratio and cognitive measures in the AD and in the prodromal AD groups. Supplementary Table 8. Missing values (at baseline) for demographic, clinical and biomarker characteristics in the AD dementia and prodromal AD groups. Supplementary Figure 1. Determination of optimal clustering cutoff by objective criteria. Supplementary Figure 2. Hierarchical clustering dendrogram and hypometabolic FDG-PET patterns of resulting AD subtypes at higher cluster solutions. Supplementary Figure 3. Comparisons of hypometabolic FDG-PET patterns of subtypes of patients with AD. Supplementary Figure 4. Hypometabolic FDG-PET patterns of subtypes of patients with prodromal AD with adjusted scale.
Scatterer that leaves "footprints" but no "fingerprints"
Creators: name: Granot, Er'el
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the exact transmission coefficient of a quantum wire in the presence of a single point defect at the wire's cut-off frequencies. We show that while the conductance pattern (i.e., the scattering) is strongly affected by the presence of the defect, the pattern is totally independent of the defect's characteristics (i.e., the defect that caused the scattering cannot be identified from that pattern).
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Energy- and multi-sector modelling of climate change mitigation in New Zealand: current practice and future needs
Creators: name: White, Dominic
name: Winchester, Niven
name: Atkins, Martin
name: Ballingall, John
name: Coates, Simon
name: Mercader, Ferran De Miguel
name: Greenhalgh, Suzie
name: Kerr, Andrew
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Leaver, Jonathan
name: Leining, Catherine
name: Monge, Juan
name: Neale, James
name: Philpott, Andrew
name: Smart, Vincent
name: Stroombergen, Adolf
name: Suomalainen, Kiti
name: White, Dominic
name: Winchester, Niven
name: Atkins, Martin
name: Ballingall, John
name: Coates, Simon
name: Mercader, Ferran De Miguel
name: Greenhalgh, Suzie
name: Kerr, Andrew
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Leaver, Jonathan
name: Leining, Catherine
name: Monge, Juan
name: Neale, James
name: Philpott, Andrew
name: Smart, Vincent
name: Stroombergen, Adolf
name: Suomalainen, Kiti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Applied general equilibrium
subject: Electricity
subject: Greenhouse gases
subject: Policy analysis
subject: Transportation

description: As New Zealand charts its course toward a low-emissions economy, the quality of energy-sector and multi-sector modelling is becoming increasingly important. This paper outlines why models are useful for answering complex questions, provides a stocktake of energy-sector and multi-sector models used for climate change mitigation modelling in New Zealand, and makes suggestions for improving future modelling work. While New Zealand is fortunate to have a range of different modelling tools, these have historically been used in a sporadic and ad hoc way, and underlying datasets are deficient in some areas. As the foundation for a more strategic development of New Zealand’s modelling capability, this paper profiles some of the energy-sector and multi-sector models and datasets currently applied in New Zealand. New Zealand’s modelling capability could be strengthened by collecting and sharing data more effectively; building understanding of underlying relationships informed by primary research; creating more collaborative and transparent processes for applying common datasets; increasing international collaboration; and conducting more integrated modelling across environmental issues. These improvements will require strategic policies and processes for refining model development; providing increased, predictable and sustained funding for modelling activities, underlying data collection and primary research; and strengthening networks across modellers inside and outside of government. Many of the suggested improvements could be realised by creating an integrated framework for climate change mitigation modelling in New Zealand. This framework would bring together a suite of models and a network of researchers to assess climate change mitigation policies regularly. Core elements of the framework would include a central repository of data, input assumptions and scenarios, and a “dashboard” that synthesises results from different models to allow decision-makers to understand and apply the insights from the models more easily.
A physically motivated definition for the size of galaxies in an era of ultra-deep imaging
Creators: name: Trujillo, Ignacio
name: Chamba, Nushkia
name: Knapen, Johan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Present-day multi-wavelength deep imaging surveys allow to characterise the outskirts of galaxies with unprecedented precision. Taking advantage of this situation, we define a new physically motivated measurement of size for galaxies based on the expected location of the gas density threshold for star formation. Employing both theoretical and observational arguments, we use the stellar mass density contour at 1 $M_{\rm \odot}$ pc$^{-2}$ as a proxy for this density threshold for star formation. This choice makes our size definition operative. With this new size measure, the intrinsic scatter of the global stellar mass ($M_{\rm \star}$) - size relation (explored over five orders of magnitude in stellar mass) decreases to $\sim$0.06 dex. This value is 2.5 times smaller than the scatter measured using the effective radius ($\sim$0.15 dex) and between 1.5 and 1.8 times smaller than those using other traditional size indicators such as $R_{\rm 23.5,i}$ ($\sim$0.09 dex), the Holmberg radius $R_{\rm H}$ ($\sim$0.09 dex) and the half-mass radius $R_{\rm e,M_{\star}}$ ($\sim$0.11 dex). Moreover, galaxies with 10$^7$ $M_{\rm \odot} $10$^{11}$ $M_{\rm \odot}$ show a different slope with stellar mass, which is suggestive of a larger gas density threshold for star formation at the epoch when their star formation peaks.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS, in press. Key results of the paper are shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4. Chamba et al. (2020) applies this new size definition to ultra-diffuse galaxies showing that they have sizes of dwarf galaxies
Data Reference In Depth: Citation
Creators: name: Mooney, Hailey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010

description: How does providing access to data, as a unique format, affect library reference services? This session will provide some answers to that question by exploring how three data librarians have built upon traditional approaches to reference work. First, Paul Bern will look into how data librarians craft the tools they use to guide researchers and answer questions with special focus on deciding which sources to put out there as a starting point for users and the process of evolving from a list of sources to a catalog of sources. Next, Hailey Mooney will consider how the seemingly simple request of bibliographic verification can be complicated by data citation practices. This will be investigated through a citation analysis of datasets used by faculty at a major research university. Finally, Kristin Partlo will look at how the data reference interview is especially crucial in the provision of research assistance, from the viewpoint of working with undergraduates at a small liberal arts college.
The Distribution of Vacua in Random Landscape Potentials
Creators: name: Low, Lerh Feng
name: Hotchkiss, Shaun
name: Easther, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Landscape cosmology posits the existence of a convoluted, multidimensional, scalar potential -- the "landscape" -- with vast numbers of metastable minima. Random matrices and random functions in many dimensions provide toy models of the landscape, allowing the exploration of conceptual issues associated with these scenarios. We compute the relative number and slopes of minima as a function of the vacuum energy $Λ$ in an $N$-dimensional Gaussian random potential, quantifying the associated probability density, $p(Λ)$. After normalisations $p(Λ)$ depends only on the dimensionality $N$ and a single free parameter $γ$, which is related to the power spectrum of the random function. For a Gaussian landscape with a Gaussian power spectrum, the fraction of positive minima shrinks super-exponentially with $N$; at $N=100$, $p(Λ>0) \approx 10^{-1197}$. Likewise, typical eigenvalues of the Hessian matrices reveal that the flattest approaches to typical minima grow flatter with $N$, while the ratio of the slopes of the two flattest directions grows with $N$. We discuss the implications of these results for both swampland and conventional anthropic constraints on landscape cosmologies. In particular, for parameter values when positive minima are extremely rare, the flattest approaches to minima where $Λ\approx 0$ are much flatter than for typical minima, increasingly the viability of quintessence solutions.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures. $P(\Lambda > 0$ at $N=100$ updated from $10^{-780}$ to $10^{-1197}$; the original error was due to an incorrect value of $\gamma$
Additional file 1 of “The devil is in the detail”: geographical inequalities of femicides in Ecuador
Creators: name: Fonseca-Rodríguez, Osvaldo
name: Sebastián, Miguel San
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1 Fig. S1. Cartographical display of Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) of femicides by cantons. Table S1. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of femicides by cantons.
Supporting Information for Into the wild: microbiome transplant studies need broader ecological reality
Creators: name: Greyson-Gaito, Christopher J.
name: Bartley, Timothy J.
name: Cottenie, Karl
name: Jarvis, Will M. C.
name: Newman, Amy E. M.
name: Stothart, Mason R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Gut microbial communities (microbiomes) profoundly shape the ecology and evolution of multicellular life. Interactions between host and microbiome appear to be reciprocal, and ecological theory is now being applied to better understand how hosts and their microbiome influence each other. However, some ecological processes that underlie reciprocal host–microbiome interactions may be obscured by the current convention of highly controlled transplantation experiments. Although these approaches have yielded invaluable insights, there is a need for a broader array of approaches to fully understand host–microbiome reciprocity. Using a directed review, we surveyed the breadth of ecological reality in the current literature on gut microbiome transplants with non-human recipients. For 55 studies, we categorized nine key experimental conditions that impact the ecological reality (EcoReality) of the transplant, including host taxon match and donor environment. Using these categories, we rated the EcoReality of each transplant. Encouragingly, the breadth of EcoReality has increased over time, but some components of EcoReality are still relatively unexplored, including recipient host environment and microbiome state. The conceptual framework we develop here maps the landscape of possible EcoReality to highlight where fundamental ecological processes can be considered in future transplant experiments.
Nyssicus contaminatus Martins 2005
Creators: name: MONNÉ, MIGUEL A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Nyssicus
Nyssicus contaminatus

description: 1. Nyssicus contaminatus Martins, 2005
Type locality— Bolivia, Cochabamba: Alto Palmar (15°31'S, 68°24'W). (MZSP). Distribution — Bolivia.
 Nyssicus contaminatus Martins, 2005 a: 74.
description: Published as part of MONNÉ, MIGUEL A., 2006, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part III. Subfamilies Parandrinae, Prioninae, Anoplodermatinae, Aseminae Spondylidinae, Lepturinae, Oxypeltinae, and addenda to the Cerambycinae and Lamiinae,, pp. 1-244 in Zootaxa 1212 (1) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1212.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5064972
Photoassociation dynamics in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Gasenzer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dynamical many body theory of single color photoassociation in a Bose-Einstein condensate is presented. The theory describes the time evolution of a condensed atomic ensemble under the influence of an arbitrarily varying near resonant laser pulse, which strongly modifies the binary scattering properties. In particular, when considering situations with rapid variations and high light intensities the approach described in this article leads, in a consistent way, beyond standard mean field techniques. This allows to address the question of limits to the photoassociation rate due to many body effects which has caused extensive discussions in the recent past. Both, the possible loss rate of condensate atoms and the amount of stable ground state molecules achievable within a certain time are found to be stronger limited than according to mean field theory. By systematically treating the dynamics of the connected Green's function for pair correlations the resonantly driven population of the excited molecular state as well as scattering into the continuum of non-condensed atomic states are taken into account. A detailed analysis of the low energy stationary scattering properties of two atoms modified by the near resonant photoassociation laser, in particular of the dressed state spectrum of the relative motion prepares for the analysis of the many body dynamics. The consequences of the finite lifetime of the resonantly coupled bound state are discussed in the two body as well as in the many body context. Extending the two body description to scattering in a tight trap reveals the modifications to the near resonant adiabatic dressed levels caused by the decay of the excited molecular state.
description: 27 pages revtex, 16 figures
Online Supplementary Material – Figures S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 from Negative feedback: ants choose unoccupied over occupied food sources and lay more pheromone to them
Creators: name: Wendt, Stephanie
name: Kleinhoelting, Nico
name: Czaczkes, Tomer J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplement to: Negative feedback: Ants choose unoccupied over occupied food sources and lay more pheromone to them
Ultracold Atoms in Disordered Potentials: Elastic Scattering Time in the Strong Scattering Regime
Creators: name: Signoles, Adrien
name: Lecoutre, Baptiste
name: Richard, Jérémie
name: Lim, Lih-King
name: Denechaud, Vincent
name: Volchkov, Valentin V.
name: Angelopoulou, Vasiliki
name: Jendrzejewski, Fred
name: Aspect, Alain
name: Sanchez-Palencia, Laurent
name: Josse, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the elastic scattering time $τ_\mathrm{s}$ of ultracold atoms propagating in optical disordered potentials in the strong scattering regime, going beyond the recent work of J. Richard \emph{et al.} \textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{122} 100403 (2019). There, we identified the crossover between the weak and the strong scattering regimes by comparing direct measurements and numerical simulations to the first order Born approximation. Here we focus specifically on the strong scattering regime, where the first order Born approximation is not valid anymore and the scattering time is strongly influenced by the nature of the disorder. To interpret our observations, we connect the scattering time $τ_\mathrm{s}$ to the profiles of the spectral functions that we estimate using higher order Born perturbation theory or self-consistent Born approximation. The comparison reveals that self-consistent methods are well suited to describe $τ_\mathrm{s}$ for Gaussian-distributed disorder, but fails for laser speckle disorder. For the latter, we show that the peculiar profiles of the spectral functions, as measured independently in V. Volchkov \emph{et al.} \textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{120}, 060404 (2018), must be taken into account. Altogether our study characterizes the validity range of usual theoretical methods to predict the elastic scattering time of matter waves, which is essential for future close comparison between theory and experiments, for instance regarding the ongoing studies on Anderson localization.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Supplementary figures from Experimental manipulation of selfish genetic elements links genes to microbial community function
Creators: name: Quistad, Steven D.
name: Doulcier, Guilhem
name: Rainey, Paul B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Microbial communities underpin the Earth's biological and geochemical processes, but their complexity hampers understanding. Motivated by the challenge of diversity and the need to forge ways of capturing dynamical behaviour connecting genes to function, biologically independent experimental communities comprising hundreds of microbial genera were established from garden compost and propagated on nitrogen-limited minimal medium with cellulose (paper) as sole carbon source. After 1 year of bi-weekly transfer, communities retained hundreds of genera. To connect genes to function, we used a simple experimental manipulation that involved the periodic collection of selfish genetic elements (SGEs) from separate communities, followed by pooling and redistribution across communities. The treatment was predicted to promote amplification and dissemination of SGEs and thus horizontal gene transfer. Confirmation came from comparative metagenomics, which showed the substantive movement of ecologically significant genes whose dynamic across space and time could be followed. Enrichment of genes implicated in nitrogen metabolism, and particularly ammonification, prompted biochemical assays that revealed a measurable impact on community function. Our simple experimental strategy offers a conceptually new approach for unravelling dynamical processes affecting microbial community function.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Conceptual challenges in microbial community ecology’.
Environmental footprint calculator (EFC) tools
Creators: name: Gamarra, Ana Rosa
name: Lechón, Yolanda
name: Lago, Carmen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document describes the Environmental Footprint Calculator (EFC) simulation tool. The Footprint Calculator is based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The tool will link the LCA baseline data and allow users to update and simulate improvements for self-assessment by inputting modified data.CIEMAT has developed the ECF4LCIM calculator to quantify the environmental impact of a student. This deliverable 7.8 is included as an exploitation result of part of the work developed in Task 7.3 and contributes to the objectives of the products of WP7. Digital platforms/applications/devices for active learning.The objective of Task WP7.3 is to develop tools to support the transition to a more sustainable performance in schools by monitoring and benchmarking environmental and energy performance, identifying sustainable and cost-effective solutions based on procurement and behavioural measures. Within the WP7.3 task, the Ecological Footprint Calculator aims to develop a tool that enables schools and students to self-assess their performance by identifying hotspots and environmental improvement potential.A preliminary Excel-based version of the Ecological Footprint Calculator simulation tool was released as a downloadable file in September 2022 (first version). This was standalone and could be used by schools from the start of the project. At that time, two versions were developed (one for school assessment (School) and one for individuals in the community (School Users). However, some additional improvements were identified during the interim project review. Therefore, the tool was reconsidered and redesigned taking into account these suggestions. This deliverable is a second version as it is an update to incorporate the improvements.To meet these needs, we focused on making the toolkit easier to understand for non-experts through three main points: 1) open online tools, available not only for the demonstration sites and easily accessible to everyone; 2) with a simpler design to enter data and display results; and 3) better adapted to the user profiles (including age, complexity and activities). As a result, the two previous versions were replaced by three developed tools: one for primary school students, one for secondary and university students, and one for managers. These three tools are described in this deliverable.
Nyssicus mendosus Martins 2005
Creators: name: MONNÉ, MIGUEL A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Nyssicus
Nyssicus mendosus

description: 2. Nyssicus mendosus Martins, 2005
Type locality— Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Niterói. (MZSP). Distribution — Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo).
 Nyssicus mendosus Martins, 2005 a: 73, figs. 69, 73, 77, 79.
description: Published as part of MONNÉ, MIGUEL A., 2006, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part III. Subfamilies Parandrinae, Prioninae, Anoplodermatinae, Aseminae Spondylidinae, Lepturinae, Oxypeltinae, and addenda to the Cerambycinae and Lamiinae,, pp. 1-244 in Zootaxa 1212 (1) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1212.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5064972
Criticality in coupled quantum spin-chains with competing ladder-like and two-dimensional couplings
Creators: name: Sengupta, Pinaki
name: Zheng, Weihong
name: Singh, Rajiv R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the geometry of spins in the material CaCu$_2$O$_3$, we study a two-layer, spin-half Heisenberg model, with nearest-neighbor exchange couplings J and α*J along the two axes in the plane and a coupling J_\perp perpendicular to the planes. We study these class of models using the Stochastic Series Expansion (SSE) Quantum Monte Carlo simulations at finite temperatures and series expansion methods at T=0. The critical value of the interlayer coupling, J_\perp^c, separating the N{é}el ordered and disordered ground states, is found to follow very closely a square root dependence on $α$. Both T=0 and finite-temperature properties of the model are presented.
description: 9 pages, 11 figs., 1 table
ESO architectures in the trajectory tracking ADR controller for a mechanical system: a comparison
Creators: name: Łakomy, Krzysztof
name: Patelski, Radosław
name: Pazderski, Dariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Proper operation of the Active Disturbance Rejection (ADR) controller requires a precise determination of the so-called total disturbance affecting the considered dynamical system, usually estimated by the Extended State Observer (ESO). The observation quality of total disturbance has a significant impact on the control error values, making room for a potential improvement of control system performance using different structures of ESO. In this article, we provide a quantitative comparison between the Luenberger and Astolfi/Marconi (AM) observers designed for three different extended state representations and utilized in the trajectory tracking ADR controller designed for a mechanical system. Included results were obtained in the simple simulation case, followed by the experimental validation on the main axis of a telescope mount.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
Price, Quality, and International Agricultural Trade
Creators: name: Woods, Darian
name: Coleman, Andrew
name: Woods, Darian
name: Coleman, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Agriculture
subject: exports
subject: emissions trading scheme
subject: price
subject: quality
subject: market power
subject: international trade
subject: New Zealand

description: The average value of a particular class of agricultural exports varies widely across different destinations. This raises the question: in the event of a supply shock, such as the implementation of the Emissions Trading Scheme, can farmers offset higher costs by raising their average prices by contracting exports to lower value destinations? If the difference in value reflects different prices because producers have market power, the answer will be “yes”. If the difference in value reflects differences in the quality of goods exported to different destinations, the answer is “no.” This paper use a variety of trade data and techniques to examine which explanation is most likely to be relevant. While the answers are not definitive, there is little support for the hypothesis that exports are curtailed to lower value destinations when supply costs increase.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Regulators of an ancient polyphenism evolved through episodic protein divergence and parallel gene radiations
Creators: name: Biddle, Joseph F.
name: Ragsdale, Erik J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Polyphenism is a form of developmental plasticity that transduces environmental cues into discontinuous, often disparate phenotypes. In some cases, polyphenism has been attributed to facilitating morphological diversification and even the evolution of novel traits. However, this process is predicated on the origins and evolutionary maintenance of genetic mechanisms that specify alternate developmental networks. When and how regulatory loci arise and change, specifically before and throughout the history of a polyphenism, is little understood. Here, we establish a phylogenetic and comparative molecular context for two dynamically evolving genes, eud-1 and seud-1, which regulate polyphenism in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus. This species is dimorphic in its adult feeding-structures, allowing individuals to become microbivores or facultative predators depending on the environment. Although polyphenism regulation is increasingly well understood in P. pacificus, the polyphenism is far older than this species and has diversified morphologically to enable an array of ecological functions across polyphenic lineages. To bring this taxonomic diversity into a comparative context, we reconstructed the histories of eud-1 and seud-1 relative to the origin and diversification of polyphenism, finding that homologues of both genes have undergone lineage-specific radiations across polyphenic taxa. Further, we detected signatures of episodic diversifying selection on eud-1, particularly in early diplogastrid lineages. Lastly, transgenic rescue experiments suggest that the gene's product has functionally diverged from its orthologue's in a non-polyphenic outgroup. In summary, we provide a comparative framework for the molecular components of a plasticity switch, enabling studies of how polyphenism, its regulation, and ultimately its targets evolve.
Operationally Invariant Measure of the Distance between Quantum States by Complementary Measurements
Creators: name: Lee, Jinhyoung
name: Kim, M. S.
name: Brukner, Caslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an operational measure of distance of two quantum states, which conversely tells us their closeness. This is defined as a sum of differences in partial knowledge over a complete set of mutually complementary measurements for the two states. It is shown that the measure is operationally invariant and it is equivalent to the Hilbert-Schmidt distance. The operational measure of distance provides a remarkable interpretation of the information distance between quantum states.
description: 4 pages
Investigation of background electron emission in the LUX detector
Creators: name: Akerib, D. S.
name: Alsum, S.
name: Araújo, H. M.
name: Bai, X.
name: Balajthy, J.
name: Baxter, A.
name: Bernard, E. P.
name: Bernstein, A.
name: Biesiadzinski, T. P.
name: Boulton, E. M.
name: Boxer, B.
name: Brás, P.
name: Burdin, S.
name: Byram, D.
name: Carmona-Benitez, M. C.
name: Chan, C.
name: Cutter, J. E.
name: de Viveiros, L.
name: Druszkiewicz, E.
name: Fan, A.
name: Fiorucci, S.
name: Gaitskell, R. J.
name: Ghag, C.
name: Gilchriese, M. G. D.
name: Gwilliam, C.
name: Hall, C. R.
name: Haselschwardt, S. J.
name: Hertel, S. A.
name: Hogan, D. P.
name: Horn, M.
name: Huang, D. Q.
name: Ignarra, C. M.
name: Jacobsen, R. G.
name: Jahangir, O.
name: Ji, W.
name: Kamdin, K.
name: Kazkaz, K.
name: Khaitan, D.
name: Korolkova, E. V.
name: Kravitz, S.
name: Kudryavtsev, V. A.
name: Leason, E.
name: Lenardo, B. G.
name: Lesko, K. T.
name: Liao, J.
name: Lin, J.
name: Lindote, A.
name: Lopes, M. I.
name: Manalaysay, A.
name: Mannino, R. L.
name: Marangou, N.
name: McKinsey, D. N.
name: Mei, D. M.
name: Moongweluwan, M.
name: Morad, J. A.
name: Murphy, A. St. J.
name: Naylor, A.
name: Nehrkorn, C.
name: Nelson, H. N.
name: Neves, F.
name: Nilima, A.
name: Oliver-Mallory, K. C.
name: Palladino, K. J.
name: Pease, E. K.
name: Riffard, Q.
name: Rischbieter, G. R. C.
name: Rhyne, C.
name: Rossiter, P.
name: Shaw, S.
name: Shutt, T. A.
name: Silva, C.
name: Solmaz, M.
name: Solovov, V. N.
name: Sorensen, P.
name: Sumner, T. J.
name: Szydagis, M.
name: Taylor, D. J.
name: Taylor, R.
name: Taylor, W. C.
name: Tennyson, B. P.
name: Terman, P. A.
name: Tiedt, D. R.
name: To, W. H.
name: Tvrznikova, L.
name: Utku, U.
name: Uvarov, S.
name: Vacheret, A.
name: Velan, V.
name: Webb, R. C.
name: White, J. T.
name: Whitis, T. J.
name: Witherell, M. S.
name: Wolfs, F. L. H.
name: Woodward, D.
name: Xu, J.
name: Zhang, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dual-phase xenon detectors, as currently used in direct detection dark matter experiments, have observed elevated rates of background electron events in the low energy region. While this background negatively impacts detector performance in various ways, its origins have only been partially studied. In this paper we report a systematic investigation of the electron pathologies observed in the LUX dark matter experiment. We characterize different electron populations based on their emission intensities and their correlations with preceding energy depositions in the detector. By studying the background under different experimental conditions, we identified the leading emission mechanisms, including photoionization and the photoelectric effect induced by the xenon luminescence, delayed emission of electrons trapped under the liquid surface, capture and release of drifting electrons by impurities, and grid electron emission. We discuss how these backgrounds can be mitigated in LUX and future xenon-based dark matter experiments.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
Pantonyssus obscurus Martins 2005
Creators: name: MONNÉ, MIGUEL A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Pantonyssus
Pantonyssus obscurus

description: 1. Pantonyssus obscurus Martins, 2005
Type locality— Ecuador, Manabi: Montecristi. (CASC). Distribution — Ecuador.
 Pantonyssus obscurus Martins, 2005 a: 372, fig. 323.
description: Published as part of MONNÉ, MIGUEL A., 2006, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part III. Subfamilies Parandrinae, Prioninae, Anoplodermatinae, Aseminae Spondylidinae, Lepturinae, Oxypeltinae, and addenda to the Cerambycinae and Lamiinae,, pp. 1-244 in Zootaxa 1212 (1) on page 169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1212.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5064972
Additional file 1 of HLA-A gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 system toward overcoming transplantation concerns
Creators: name: Amiri, Farshid
name: Ranjbar, Maryam
name: Pirouzfar, Mohammad
name: Nourigorji, Marjan
name: Dianatpour, Mehdi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary table
Supplemental Information methods, tables and figures from Palm fruit colours are linked to the broad-scale distribution and diversification of primate colour vision systems
Creators: name: Onstein, Renske E.
name: Vink, Daphne N.
name: Jorin Veen
name: Barratt, Christopher D.
name: Flantua, Suzette G. A.
name: Wich, Serge A.
name: W. Daniel Kissling
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Supplementary methods, supplementary tables (Table S1-S4) and supplementary figures (Figure S1-S17)
A Forest-Profit Expectations Dataset for New Zealand, 1990–2008
Creators: name: Olssen, Alex
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Evison, David
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Olssen, Alex
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Evison, David
name: Kerr, Suzi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Forestry
subject: expected profits
subject: expected investment returns
subject: New Zealand
subject: dataset

description: In this paper, we construct a dataset of annual expected forest profits in New Zealand from 1990–2008 at a fine spatial resolution. We do not include land values in any of our profit calculations. We estimate four measures of expected forest profits based around net present value (NPV), land expectation value (LEV), equal annual equivalent (EAE), and internal rate of return (IRR). Our estimates of expected profits are based on the assumption that land owners form their expectations adaptively; that is, they use recent data on prices and costs to form expectations. We illustrate our data by showing regional variation in each of our measures, changes over time in NPV on land in forest in 2008, and variation in NPV over space in 2008. The final dataset, working datasets, and the code used in this work are publicly available to the research community and can be accessed from the authors’ website: http://www.motu.org.nz/building-capacity/dataset/u10073_forest_profit_expectations_dataset.
Decomposable (6, 5)-solutions in eleven-dimensional supergravity
Creators: name: Chrysikos, Ioannis
name: Galaev, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a series of constructions providing eleven-dimensional bosonic supergravity backgrounds. In particular, we treat Lorentzian manifolds given in terms of twisted products of six-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds and five-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. By considering a representative flux 4-form adapted to this setting, we analyse the system of bosonic supergravity equations and describe the corresponding geometric constraints. The new supergravity backgrounds appear for special cases associated to the adapted flux 4-form. For example, we provide a relation of eleven-dimensional supergravity with Ricci-isotropic Walker manifolds, and illustrate several results in their terms and in terms of Ricci-flat Riemannian manifolds.
description: 20 pages
Limited profit in predictable stock markets
Creators: name: Rothenstein, R.
name: Pawelzik, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: It has been assumed that arbitrage profits are not possible in efficient markets, because future prices are not predictable. Here we show that predictability alone is not a sufficient measure of market efficiency. We instead propose to measure inefficiencies of markets in terms of the maximal profit an ideal trader can take out from a market. In a stock market model with an evolutionary selection of agents this method reveals that the mean relative amount of realizable profits $P$ is very limited and we find that it decays with rising number of agents in the markets. Our results show that markets may self-organize their collective dynamics such that it becomes very sensitive to profit attacks which demonstrates that a high degree of market efficiency can coexist with predictability.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Data Reference In Depth: Access, Citation and Instruction
Creators: name: Bern, Paul H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010

description: How does providing access to data, as a unique format, affect library reference services? This session will provide some answers to that question by exploring how three data librarians have built upon traditional approaches to reference work. First, Paul Bern will look into how data librarians craft the tools they use to guide researchers and answer questions with special focus on deciding which sources to put out there as a starting point for users and the process of evolving from a list of sources to a catalog of sources. Next, Hailey Mooney will consider how the seemingly simple request of bibliographic verification can be complicated by data citation practices. This will be investigated through a citation analysis of datasets used by faculty at a major research university. Finally, Kristin Partlo will look at how the data reference interview is especially crucial in the provision of research assistance, from the viewpoint of working with undergraduates at a small liberal arts college.
Quantum teleportation between multiparties
Creators: name: Grudka, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents general protocols for quantum teleportation between multiparties. It is shown how N parties can teleport N unknown quantum states to M other parties with the use of N+M qudits in the maximally entangled state. It is also shown that a single pair of qudits in the maximally entangled state can be used to teleport two qudits in opposite directions simultaneously.
description: 12 pages
When galaxies align: intrinsic alignments of the progenitors of elliptical galaxies in the Horizon-AGN simulation
Creators: name: Bate, James
name: Chisari, Nora Elisa
name: Codis, Sandrine
name: Martin, Garreth
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Pichon, Christophe
name: Slyz, Adrianne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elliptical galaxies today appear aligned with the large-scale structure of the Universe, but it is still an open question when they acquire this alignment. Observational data is currently insufficient to provide constraints on the time evolution of intrinsic alignments, and hence existing models range from assuming that galaxies gain some primordial alignment at formation, to suggesting that they react instantaneously to tidal interactions with the large-scale structure. Using the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Horizon-AGN, we measure the relative alignments between the major axes of galaxies and eigenvectors of the tidal field as a function of redshift. We focus on constraining the time evolution of the alignment of the main progenitors of massive $z=0$ elliptical galaxies, the main weak lensing contaminant at low redshift. We show that this population, which at $z=0$ has a stellar mass above $10^{10.4}$ M$_\odot$, transitions from having no alignment with the tidal field at $z=3$, to a significant alignment by $z=1$. From $z=0.5$ they preserve their alignment at an approximately constant level until $z=0$. We find a mass-dependence of the alignment signal of elliptical progenitors, whereby ellipticals that are less massive today ($10^{10.4}
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Knowledge, attitude and behaviour of university students regarding salt and iodine: a multicentre cross-sectional study in six countries in Europe and Asia
Creators: name: Marakis, Georgios
name: Katsioulis, Antonios
name: Kontopoulou, Lamprini
name: Ehlers, Anke
name: Heimberg, Katharina
name: Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico
name: Tomaž Langerholc
name: Adamska, Hanna
name: Matyjaszczyk, Ewa
name: K. D. Renuka Silva
name: K. A. Chathurika Madumali
name: Yeh, Tai-Sheng
name: Ling-Jan Chiou
name: Mei-Jen Lin
name: Karpetas, Georgios
name: Weissenborn, Anke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire
The Open Path Phase for Degenerate and Non-degenerate Systems and its Relation to the Wave-function Modulus
Creators: name: Englman, R.
name: Yahalom, A.
name: Baer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the open path phase in a two state model with a slowly (nearly adiabatically) varying time-periodic Hamiltonian and trace its continuous development during a period. We show that the topological (Berry) phase attains $π$ or $2 π$ depending on whether there is or is not a degeneracy in the part of the parameter space enclosed by the trajectory. Oscillations are found in the phase. As adiabaticity is approached, these become both more frequent and less pronounced and the phase jump becomes increasingly more steep. Integral relations between the phase and the amplitude modulus (having the form of Kramers-Kronig relations, but in the time domain) are used as an alternative way to calculate open path phases. These relations attest to the observable nature of the open path phase.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Evaluating the Effect of Virtual Interpreter Services on the Delivery of Patient-Centred Care and Quality of Care for Adults with Non-English Language Preference
Creators: name: Dunlop, Megan K. L.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Background: Patients with non-English language preference (NELP) are less likely to have optimal communication during interactions with their care providers due to language discordance, which may lead to worsened or absent patient-centred care or quality of care. Virtual interpreter services (VIS) allow in-the-moment communication between patients and clinicians through on-demand professional medical interpretation in an increased number of languages and dialects, potentially improving patient-centred care and quality of care for these patients. Aim and Objective: To investigate the effect of on-demand, mobile VIS on patient-centred care and quality of care from the perspective of patients with NELP. Methods: Survey data collected prior to and following the implementation of VIS across multiple sites within one health authority was analyzed. Likert scales were analyzed using t-tests to ascertain differences in pre- and post-states. Thematic analyses were conducted to analyze open-ended response data. Results: Average patient responses to questions reflective of patient-centred care and quality of care significantly increased following the implementation of VIS. Three themes, "current barriers", "perceived barriers", and "perceived benefits", emerged pre-implementation. Two themes, "current benefits" and "resolved barriers", were identified post-implementation. Conclusion: Implementation of VIS has a positive effect on the provision of both patient-centred care and quality of care from the perspective of patients with NELP.