cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Control of Casha (Acacia spp) on Native Pasture
Creators: name: Adjei, M.B.
name: Adjei, M.B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Livestock Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Native pastures, dominated by guineagrass (Panicum maximums and leucaena tLeucaena leucocephalai, provide the basic feed resource for the ruminant livestock industry in the Virgin Islands. However, many of these pastures are in advanced stages ofdeterioration because of overgrazing. There are currently no standard recommendations to prevent the continued ingress of malevolent plants such as ca~ha (Acacia spp.). A split plot field trial was set up to test the efficacy of mechanical and/or chemical treatments for the control of casha. Main plots, replicated three times, consisted of mechanical shredding vs. non-shredded mature plants. These treatments were applied in May, 1990. Subplots were 6 chemical foliar sprays: 2.0 and 3.0 kglha of dicamba alone; 1.28 and 2.56 kg/ha ofTrimecR Super Brush Killer (1:4:4 dicamba, 2,4-0 and 2,4-DP); 285 Llha of diesel oil; and a herbicide check. Subplot treatments were applied 12 wk after mechanical treatments to allow for sufficient regrowth on shredded plots. Chemical application was repeated 24 wk after the first application. Plant density of casha and frequency of canopy occurrence of all dominant plant species were taken initially in May, 1990, and again after 36 wk (just before second herbicide application) and 84 wk. Shreddin-e .i.lene prevented the 14% increase (P<0.05) in the initial ~ casha plant density (1.3 plants/m" ) that was observed on the nonshredded herbicide check, but did not kill any existing casha plant over the 84-wk period. However, shredding plus regrowth combined with dicarnba or Trimel,;R application synergistically induced greater (P <0.0 I) casha mortality (68 '7c) than similar herbicide-treated mature non-shredded plots (48% mortality). A significant leaf drop and canopy reduction (62 7~) followed the first application of diesel oil on shredded plus regrowth treatment but there was no long term topkill (4%) of existing cash a plants. The higher rates of both herbicides provided the best control of casha. Approximately 80% casha mortality was obtained by the initial application of 3.0 kg/ha of dicamba or by double application of 2.56 kg/ha of TrimecR to the shredded plus regrowth treatment without any deleterious effect on the associated leucaena or guineagrass. These data signify that mechanical shredding could be integrated with available herbicides for satisfactory control of casha on native pasture.
Response of Hair Sheep Fed Silage Produced from Various Cropping Systems
Creators: name: Wildeus, C. L.
name: Adjei, M. B.
name: Wildeus, S.
name: Wildeus, C. L.
name: Adjei, M. B.
name: Wildeus, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The production of silage provides the opportunity to preserve roughage for subsequent use as a ruminant feed during times of inadequate pasture growth. This study evaluated growth, intake and feed efficiency in hair sheep lambs fed sorghum silage, grown in monoculture · or in association with legumes, as a roughage source. For the trial 12 mixed-sex lambs were assigned, stratified by gender, to diets based on sorghum silage grown in monoculture (SM) or in association with Leucaena leucocephala (LA) or Desmallthus virgatus (DA). Diets were replicated in two pens, with two animals per pen. Silage (7.5% of body weight as fed) was supplemented with coconut meal (0.5 % of body weight) and molasses (1.0% of body weight). Dry matter content of SM (27.7 %) was slightly lower than those of LA and DA (29.2%), but the pH was similar for all silage types (4.1). The pre-ensiling dry matter legume content was 13.3 % for LA and 12.0% for DA. Animals were on trial for a 24-day period, following a 4-day adjustment period when roughage pooled across silage types was fed. The average lamb age and body weight at the beginning of the trial were 122.5±2.3 days and 15.7±0.4kg. Average daily gain differed among diets (P<0.05), SM being lowest (43±5 g/day), DA highest (90±18g/day) and LA intennediate (66±5 g/day). Total intake was not significantly different among diets, ranging from 457±38 g dry matter/day for SM to 532±35 and 537±24 g dry matter/day or LA and DA. Roughage intake was also not significantly different between silage types and ranged from 384±13 g dry matter/ day for SM to 333±36 and 332±25 g dry matter/day for LA and DA. The gain to feed ratio was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals on DA (0.167 ± 0.02) than on SM (0.094 ± 0.02), LA (0.125 ± 0.02) being intermediate. The results from this trial would indicate a more favorable animal response to diets based on silage derived from grass/legume associations.
The Diffuse Light in Simulations of Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Murante, G.
name: Arnaboldi, M.
name: Gerhard, O.
name: Borgani, S.
name: Cheng, L. M.
name: Diaferio, A.
name: Dolag, K.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Tormen, G.
name: Tornatore, L.
name: Tozzi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of the diffuse light in galaxy clusters forming in a large hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of the Lambda-CDM cosmology. The simulation includes a model for radiative cooling, star formation in dense cold gas, and feedback by SN-II explosions. We select clusters having mass M>10^(14) h^(-1) Msun and study the spatial distribution of their star particles. While most stellar light is concentrated in gravitationally bound galaxies orbiting in the cluster potential, we find evidence for a substantial diffuse component, which may account for the extended halos of light observed around central cD galaxies. We find that more massive simulated clusters have a larger fraction of stars in the diffuse light than the less massive ones. The intracluster light is more centrally concentrated than the galaxy light, and the stars in the diffuse component are on average older than the stars in cluster galaxies, supporting the view that the diffuse light is not a random sampling of the stellar population in the cluster galaxies. We thus expect that at least ~10% of the stars in a cluster may be distributed as intracluster light, largely hidden thus far due to its very low surface brightness.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Supplementary Material from Absolutely robust controllers for chemical reaction networks
Creators: name: Jinsu Kim
name: Enciso, German
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we design a type of controller that consists of adding a specific set of reactions to an existing mass-action chemical reaction network in order to control a target species. This set of reactions is effective for both deterministic and stochastic networks, in the latter case controlling the mean as well as the variance of the target species. We employ a type of network property called absolute concentration robustness (ACR). We provide applications to the control of a multisite phosphorylation model as well as a receptor–ligand signalling system. For this framework, we use the so-called deficiency zero theorem from chemical reaction network theory as well as multiscaling model reduction methods. We show that the target species has approximately Poisson distribution with the desired mean. We further show that ACR controllers can bring robust perfect adaptation to a target species and are complementary to a recently introduced antithetic feedback controller used for stochastic chemical reactions.
Perennial Peanut: Establishment and Adaptation on an Oxisol in Puerto Rico
Creators: name: Valencia, E.
name: Sotomayor-Ríos, A.
name: Torres-Cardona, S.
name: Valencia, E.
name: Sotomayor-Ríos, A.
name: Torres-Cardona, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Perennial peanut species Araclzis glabrata (rhiromatous) and A. pinloi (stoloniferous) are attributed with high nutritional quality, palatability, persistence and competitiveness with grasses although little is known of their agronomic value outside of Florida and areas of South America. The main liability of Arachis is its slow rate of establishment, often more than one year. In Puerto Rico, studies were conducted on an Oxisol during a nine-month period to determine if rhizome crowns with attached plant foliage could successfully be established and to compare them with seedlings of stoloniferous accessions in their rate of plant spread and yield. In two separate studies, evaluations were made of nine selected entries and cv. Arbrook of A. glabrota and related species from Florida and six A. pintoi accessions from CIAT. Four of the rhizomatous entries established successfully. Three had relatively slow growth in the first 12-16 weeks, with an average of 35 % plot cover and high incidence of weeds. UF 99, however, had 75% soil coverage at 16 weeks and allowed little weed development. The commercial cv. Arbrook failed to establish. Three stoloniferous accessions, CIAT 18744, 18747, and 18748, exhibited a high rate of plant spread at 16 weeks (over 90% soil coverage) with little weed growth. At nine months, UF 99 had fully established (100% plot cover), and entries UF 3, UF 77 and UF 64 had a range of75-90 % coverage, with an average canopy height of 30 cm. No major insect damage or disease was observed on the plant material during the experimc:nt. The highest dry matter yield (DM:Y) was obtained from UF 99, which had an average yield of 5,568 kg/ha at nine months. DMY of the three other entries averaged only 2,360 kg/ha. For the CIAT accessions, DMY averaged 4,726 kg/ha. Based on these preliminary studies, UF 99 and CIAT 18744, 18747, 18748 exhibit potential for faster rate of establishment and adaptation.
SU(2) Non-Abelian Holonomy and Dissipationless Spin Current in Semiconductors
Creators: name: Murakami, Shuichi
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following our previous work [S. Murakami, N. Nagaosa, S. C. Zhang, Science 301, 1348 (2003)] on the dissipationless quantum spin current, we present an exact quantum mechanical calculation of this novel effect based on the linear response theory and the Kubo formula. We show that it is possibxle to define an exactly conserved spin current, even in the presence of the spin-orbit coupling in the Luttinger Hamiltonian of p-type semiconductors. The light- and the heavy-hole bands form two Kramers doublets, and an SU(2) non-abelian gauge field acts naturally on each of the doublets. This quantum holonomy gives rise to a monopole structure in momentum space, whose curvature tensor directly leads to the novel dissipationless spin Hall effect, i.e., a transverse spin current is generated by an electric field. The result obtained in the current work gives a quantum correction to the spin current obtained in the previous semiclassical approximation.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, added some discussions, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Efecto de la Aplicación de Fósforo en Suelos Acidos en Arroz Bajo Riego
Creators: name: Feng, Ming-Ping
name: Feng, Ming-Ping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Con el objetivo de evaluar si la aplicación de altas cantidades de fósforo aumenta la tolerancia del cultivo de arroz a la toxicidad de hierro en suelos ácidos así como determinar su dósis óptima de aplicación se establecieron dos experimentos a fines de 1991 y principios del año 1992 en el Hogar Campestre Adventista "Las Palmas" en Sonador-Bonao. Con terreno que había presentado síntomas de toxicidad de hierro se usaron los niveles de O, 300, 600 y 900 kg/ha de P2 Os aplicados en tarros plásticos, trasplantándose una mata/tarro con la variedad Juma 57 con un diseño de bloques al azar con 6 repeticiones. Luego en la misma parcela se utilizaron los niveles de O, 100, 200 y 300 kg/ha de P20s. Los niveles de N y K20 se fijaron en 120 y 100 Kg/ha respectivamente. Se eligió un diseño de bloques al azar con 6 repeticiones construyéndose 24 parcelas de 10 m2 cada una, donde se trasplantó la variedad Juma 57 el 21 de Febrero 1992 y la cosecha se realizó el 1 de julio 1992. Los resultados del experimento en tarros indicaron que con la aplicación de 300 kg/ha de P20s o mayor cantidad aumentó significativamente la altura de planta, panículas por mata y rendimiento en grano con relación a la no aplicación de fósforo que no produja rendimiento alguno pues la planta no desarrolló panículas. En el experimento realizado en la parcela con los niveles de 200 y 300 kg/ha de PiOs la planta tuvo mayor altura, panículas por mata y un mayor rendimiento en grano con relación a los niveles de O y 100 kg/ha. Con 300 kg/ha de P20s el rendimiento del grano aumentó a 5585 kg/ha equivalentes a un 83% más de rendimiento que el tratamiento sin fósforo. En conclusión la aplicación de 300 kg/ha de P20s en suelos ácidos aumentó la tolerancia a la toxicidad de hierro y por ende el rendimiento en grano.
Unlocking Youth's Potential in Improving Food Security
Creators: name: Qurani, Ika Zahara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70108 Sustainable Agricultural Development
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: 70106 Farm Management, Rural Management and Agribusiness
subject: 160805 Social Change
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world will need to produce 70% more food than today to feed nearly 10 billion people in 2050. Youth role is increasingly essential since they are predicted to make up half of the population. Enabling land access and promoting agriculture digital investment platform can increase youth participation in strengthening food security.
Carleson's Theorem: Proof, Complements, Variations
Creators: name: Lacey, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42

description: Carleson's Theorem asserts the pointwise convergence of Fourier series of square integrable functions. We give a complete proof, following joint work of the author and C. Thiele. Over 20 exercises are also detailed. We also discuss the derviation of the theorem on L^p spaces. And discuss a number of complements and extensions of the theorem and proof of Carleson's theorem.
description: An expanded version of the published article (Publ. Mat. (2004) no.2 251-307.) With additional material, updated references, and over 100 references in total
INTERACTIVE VS. NON-INTERACTIVE MEDIA: AN ASSESSMENT OF THEIR ROLE IN TEACHING AND LEARNING IN RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITIES
Creators: name: Chinedu Emmanuel, Okoro
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2025
Subjects: Interactive
Non-Interactive
Media
Teaching and Learning
Courses
Faculties of Education

description: The study examined the utilization of interactive and non-interactive in faculties of education in Universities in Rivers State.  Descriptive survey design was adopted and the population comprised of 258 lecturers and 11,666 students giving a total population of 11,924. Sample was drawn from the study and analysis was done with 168 lecturers and 232 students who returned their instruments.  Test re-test method was used for the reliability test which yielded a co-efficient of 0.82.  Mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the research questions while z-test was used to test the hypotheses.  Findings from the study revealed that interactive and non-interactive media are critically utilised to some extent for teaching and learning courses in faculties of education in universities in Rivers State. The hypotheses testing proved that there is no significant difference in the responses of the lecturers and students on the utilization of interactive and non-interactive media as a component of information and communication technology in teaching and learning courses in faculties of education in universities in Rivers State.  Based on the findings, conclusion were drawn and recommendations made amongst others includes provision of interactive and non-interactive media in faculties of education in universities in Rivers State for effective teaching and learning should be encouraged; training and retraining of lecturers on how to effectively utilize interactive and non-interactive media during teaching should be a necessity for lecturers in the faculties of education and students should try and utilize the interactive and non-interactive media during learning as it will certainly help in improving their knowledge and understanding
Classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants
Creators: name: NL Galvão-Coelho
name: Marx, Wolfgang
name: M Gonzalez
name: J Sinclair
name: M De Manincor
name: D Perkins
name: J Sarris
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © 2021, The Author(s). Rationale: Major depressive disorder is one of the leading global causes of disability, for which the classic serotonergic psychedelics have recently reemerged as a potential therapeutic treatment option. Objective: We present the first meta-analytic review evaluating the clinical effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics vs placebo for mood state and symptoms of depression in both healthy and clinical populations (separately). Results: Our search revealed 12 eligible studies (n = 257; 124 healthy participants, and 133 patients with mood disorders), with data from randomized controlled trials involving psilocybin (n = 8), lysergic acid diethylamide ([LSD]; n = 3), and ayahuasca (n = 1). The meta-analyses of acute mood outcomes (3 h to 1 day after treatment) for healthy volunteers and patients revealed improvements with moderate significant effect sizes in favor of psychedelics, as well as for the longer-term (16 to 60 days after treatments) mood state of patients. For patients with mood disorder, significant effect sizes were detected on the acute, medium (2–7 days after treatment), and longer-term outcomes favoring psychedelics on the reduction of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Despite the concerns over unblinding and expectancy, the strength of the effect sizes, fast onset, and enduring therapeutic effects of these psychotherapeutic agents encourage further double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials assessing them for management of negative mood and depressive symptoms.
Properties of DBD Plasma Jets using Powered Electrode With and Without Contact with the Plasma
Creators: name: Nascimento, Fellype do
name: Kostov, Konstantin
name: Machida, Munemasa
name: Flacker, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimental investigation comparing the properties of plasma jets in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configurations using a powered electrode with and without a dielectric barrier, while keeping a second dielectric barrier over the grounded electrode, is reported in this work. For this purpose, two different power sources were used to produce the plasma jets, with one of them producing a pulsed high-voltage (HV) output and the other one producing a pulse-like HV output, which consists of a damped sine HV waveform. Measurements of plasma parameters were performed for both configurations using argon and helium as working gases. As a result, if the pulsed power source is used, significant differences were found in discharge power ($P_{plasma}$), rotational and vibrational temperatures ($T_r$ and $T_v$, respectively) when switching from one configuration to the other. On the other hand, using the pulse-like HV only the $P_{plasma}$ parameter presented significant differences when switching the electrode's configuration. For the pulsed source it has been observed that despite the remarkable increase in $P_{plasma}$ when changing from the double barrier configuration to the single barrier one, the values obtained for $T_r$ and $T_v$ also increased, but not in the same proportion as the increase in $P_{plasma}$, which suggests a non-linear dependency between temperatures and discharge power in the plasma jet. As an example for application of plasmas in both configurations, tests in an attempt to remove copper films deposited on alumina substrates were performed and, as a result, there was significant material removal only when the powered electrode was in contact with the plasma. As a general conclusion, if higher power is really required for some application it is better to use this configuration.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
THE QUALITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY POLICY PROCESSES AT NATIONAL LEVEL IN MALAWI: RESULTS FROM THE 2015 MALAWI AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY POLICY PROCESSES BASELINE SURVEY
Creators: name: Benson, Todd
name: Nankhuni, Flora
name: Mabiso, Athur
name: Maredia, Mywish
name: Benson, Todd
name: Nankhuni, Flora
name: Mabiso, Athur
name: Maredia, Mywish
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Malawi
subject: agriculture and food security policy processes

description: Over the past ten years, there have been several initiatives in Malawi to strengthen the processes through which the design and content of policies, strategies, and programs in the agriculture sector that affect the nation’s food security are established. Broadly linked to the operationalization in Malawi of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) of the African Union, the government of Malawi led a multi-stakeholder effort to develop the Agriculture Sector Wide Approach (ASWAp) for the period 2011 to 2015. This serves as the CAADP agricultural sector investment plan for the country. The implementation of the ASWAp is guided technically by multi-stakeholder Technical Working Groups (TWG), of which there are seven. The TWGs report to a higher-level Agricultural Sector Working Group (ASWG), whose membership is drawn from across the full range of stakeholders in Malawi’s agriculture sector. The ASWG has onward links to the political leadership of Malawi. A key component of the implementation of ASWAp is a mutual accountability framework for monitoring and evaluating progress made. The regular meetings of the TWGs and the ASWG are components of this, while an annual agricultural Joint Sector Review (JSR) report provides a formal accounting of progress achieved and challenges that remain.
On R-matrix representations of Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebras
Creators: name: Isaev, A. P.
name: Ogievetsky, O. V.
name: Pyatov, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G42

description: We show that to every local representation of the Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebra defined by a skew-invertible R-matrix $R\in Aut(V\otimes V)$ one can associate pairings $V\otimes V\to C$ and $V^*\otimes V^*\to C$, where V is the representation space. Further, we investigate conditions under which the corresponding quantum group is of SO or Sp type.
description: 9 pages
Electronic Supplementary Material from Frequency-dependent fitness and reproductive dynamics contribute to habitat segregation in sympatric Jewelflowers
Creators: name: Christie, Kyle
name: Strauss, Sharon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Coexistence results from a complex suite of past and contemporary processes including biogeographic history, adaptation, ecological interactions and reproductive dynamics. Here we explore drivers of local micro-parapatry in which two closely related and reproductively isolated Streptanthus species (Jewelflower, Brassicaceae) inhabit continuous or adjacent habitat patches and occur within seed dispersal range, yet rarely overlap in fine-scale distribution. We find some evidence for abiotic niche partitioning and local adaptation, however differential survival across habitats cannot fully explain the scarcity of coexistence. Competition may also reduce the fitness of individuals migrating into occupied habitats, yet its effects are insufficient to drive competitive exclusion. Experimental migrants suffered reduced seed production and seed viability at sites occupied by heterospecifics, and we infer that heterospecific pollen transfer by shared pollinators contributes to wasted gametes when the two congeners come into contact. A minority disadvantage may reduce effective colonization of patches already occupied by heterospecifics, even when habitat patches are environmentally suitable. Differential adaptation and resource competition have often been evoked as primary drivers of habitat segregation in plants, yet negative reproductive interactions—including reproductive interference and decreased fecundity among low-frequency migrants—may also contribute to non-overlapping distributions of related species along local tension zones.
DRIVERS OF MICRONUTRIENT POLICY CHANGE IN ZAMBIA: AN APPLICATION OF THE KALEIDOSCOPE MODEL
Creators: name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Babu, Suresh
name: Harris, Jody
name: Mkwandawire, Elizabeth
name: Nthani, Dorothy
name: Hendriks, Sheryl L.
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Babu, Suresh
name: Harris, Jody
name: Mkwandawire, Elizabeth
name: Nthani, Dorothy
name: Hendriks, Sheryl L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Zambia
subject: MICRONUTRIENT POLICY CHANGE

description: This review of the micro-nutrient policy process in Zambia serves as a companion piece to two parallel studies in Malawi and South Africa. All three studies employ the Kaleidoscope Model of policy change to trace the causal forces leading to key micro-nutrient policy decisions in each of the three countries. After outlining the overall micro-nutrient policy process in Zambia, the study focuses on policy decisions affecting three micro-nutrients – iodine, iron and Vitamin A. Although iodine deficiency has dropped precipitously as a result of Zambia’s salt iodization mandate, progress in combatting iron and Vitamin A deficiencies has proven more difficult. As a result, micro- nutrient policies have changed over time, in an effort to find effective tools for combatting these lingering micro-nutrient deficiencies and the considerable health risks they impose. The analysis in this paper traces the evolution of policies adopted through multiple iterations beginning in 1978 and running through to the present time. To supplement the voluminous published and grey literature on micro-nutrient status and policies in Zambia, the research team conducted semistructured interviews with several dozen policy stakeholders in Zambia in June and July 2015 using a standardized interview guide.
RELATIONS PLANTE-INSECTES ET INSECTES-INSECTES CHEZ LE CHARANCON DES AGRUMES Diaprepes abbreviatus L (COLEOPTERA : CURCULIONIDAE)
PLANT/INSECTS AND INSECTS/INSECTS RELATIONSHIP IN THE CITRUS ROOTSTALK BORER WEEVIL Diaprepes abbreviatus L. (COLEOPTERA : CURCULIONIDAE)
Creators: name: Pavis, C.
name: Pavis, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: citrus
subject: Diaprepes abbreviatus
subject: Curculionidae
subject: relationsplante.insectes
subject: relations insectes.insectes
subject: comportement
subject: olfactométrie

description: Aux Antilles françaises, un grave problème de dépérissement en agrumiculÎure est apparu seulement quelques années après la plantation des premiers vergers. Un ravageur est en partie responsable de ce phénomène, le charançon Diaprepes abbreviatus dont les larves attaquent le système racinaire. Une technique d'olfactométrie a été mise au point pour quantifier les réponses comportementales des adultes de Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) aux odeurs produites par les insectes, par leurs excréments (frass) et par les jeunes feuillages de citrus dont ils se nourrissent. Le rôle et l'utilisation potentielle en lutte intégrée des différentes substances sémiochimiques mises en jeu sont discutés. ----- Diaprepes abbreviatus, commonly known as the «rootstalk borer weevil» is an important pest of citrus and Sugarcane in the Caribbean basin. In the citrus groves, larvae feed on the roots, causing serious injury to the hostplant (decline and death of the tree when attacks are important). Integrated management of this pest implies behavioral studies. Weevilproduced attractant could supply a method for detecting weevil populations or for controlling them. In the present study, an olfactometer has been developped to analyse the relationships between host-plant and insects and between insects themselves. We quantified the biological responses of the insects to olfactory stimulus such as insects, frass and citrus foliage. The biological activity of the semiochemicals implied is discussed.
Ecological niche modeling of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia
Creators: name: Mak, Sunny Y.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Cryptococcus gattii unexpectedly emerged on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC), Canada in 1999 causing human and animal illness. Prior to its discovery on Vancouver Island, this microscopic fungal organism was limited to tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world with eucalyptus trees as the environmental reservoir. Environmental sampling for C. gattii in southwestern BC has isolated the organism from native vegetation, soil, air and water. Since it is not possible to sample every location for the presence or absence of C. gattii on Vancouver Island or the BC mainland, ecological niche modeling using the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP) was performed to identify the optimal and potential ecological niche areas of C. gattii in BC. Human and animal surveillance and environmental sampling data were used as input data points to build and test the ecological niche models based on 15 predictor environmental data layers (topographic, climatic, biogeoclimatic, and soil). Training and testing accuracy of the C. gattii ecological niche models were 99.4% and 99.2% based on the distribution of human cases, 98.7% and 98.3% based on the distribution of animal cases, and 99.7% and 99.7% based on the distribution of positive environmental sampling locations (p-value <0.0001 for all models). Forecasted optimal C. gattii ecological niche areas in BC include the central and south eastern coast of Vancouver Island, Gulf Islands, Sunshine Coast and Vancouver Lower Mainland. They are characterized by areas of low lying elevations, daily January average temperatures above freezing, and presence within the Coastal Douglas-fir and Coastal Western Hemlock xeric maritime biogeoclimatic zones. The results of these analyses are visualized using Geographic Information Systems, and shared with public health to prioritize future C. gattii environmental sampling in previously unidentified areas and increase public and physician awareness of cryptococcal disease in BC.
EXTENSION D'UNE METHODE D'ANALYSE DE LA CROISSANCE D'UN COUVERT VEGETAL AUX CULTURES ASSOCIEES: BASES THEORIQUES
METHOD FOR GROWTH ANALYSIS OF MIXED CANOPIES
Creators: name: Cruz, P.
name: Moulia, B.
name: Sinoquet, H.
name: Cruz, P.
name: Moulia, B.
name: Sinoquet, H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Nous proposons une démarche, permettant d'évaluer les mécanismes de la compétition interspécifique, pour le partage de ressources trophiques telles que la lumière, l'eau et l'azote. La croissance du couvert est considérée comme le résultat d'un processus de conversion de l'énergie solaire en énergie potentielle chimique contenue dans la biomasse (VARLET-GRANCHER et al., 1982): la productivité du couvert est carac-térisée par son rendement énergétique, qui relie la production de matière sèche au rayonnement solaire intercepté par la culture. En cas d'alimentations hydrique et minérale non limi-tantes, cette relation est une droite commune à toutes les plantes d'un même type photosynthétique (C3 ou C4). Réci-proquement, tout écart à ces droites de référence traduit une contrainte d'origine hydrique ou minérale, qu'il est possible de discriminer par des mesures de potentiel hydrique et de teneur en azote. Cette méthode est couplée à un modèle d'interception du rayonnement solaire, qui permet d'estimerle rayonnement absorbé par chaque composante d'une association binaire. Ce modèle, qui prend en compte l'hétérogénéité spatiale du couvert, détermine les îermes du bilan radiatif de l'asso-ciation, à partir de la structure géométrique de la culture, des propriétés optiques des feuilles et du sol, et du rayon-nement incident. Une telle approche sera prochainement utilisée par notre équipe sur deux types de culture Graminée-Légumineuse, largement répandus en milieu tropical et très contrastés quant à la distribution spatiale du feuillage. ----- We suggest an analytical method for evaluating the processes of the interspecific competition, in terms of sharing of throphic ressources such as light, water and nitrogen. The growth of the crop is taken as the result of the conversion of the solar radiation energy into chemical energy of the biomass : the crop productivity is characterized by a energetic efficiency relating the dry matter production to the solar radiation intercepted by the canopy. If water and mineral nutrients are not limiting, this relation is a line which is the same for all plants of a photosynthetical type (C3 or G4). Reciprocally, deviation from the reference line characterizes water or nutrient stress which can be identified by additionnai measurements (water status, nitrogen rate). The method is connected with a model of solar radiation interception which estimates the radiation absorbed by each component of a binary mixture. The model takes into account the spatial heterogeneities of the canopy, and calculates the terms of the radiative balance of the crop from its geometrical structure, the optical properties of the foliage and the soil, and the incident radiation.
CROP AND SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS TO REDUCE NUTRIENT STRESS IN THE CARIBBEAN. I. SOIL ACIDITY AND LIMING : BEAN AND PUMPKIN RESPONSES.
SYSTEMES DE CONDUITE SOL-PLANTE POUR REDUIRE LE DEFICIT EN NUTRIMENT DANS LES CARAÏBES. I. ACIDITE DU SOL ET CHAULAGE : REPONSES DU HARICOT ET DU GIRAUMON
Creators: name: Rafols-Sallaberry, N.
name: Snyder, V.
name: Cavallero, N.
name: Martinez, G.
name: Gonzalez, A.
name: Rafols-Sallaberry, N.
name: Snyder, V.
name: Cavallero, N.
name: Martinez, G.
name: Gonzalez, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Differentially limed plots were established on acid soils at the Corozal and Isabela Experimental Farms of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station (PRAES). The soil at Corozal is an Ultisol with relatively high levels of exchangeable AI and low Mn under natural acid conditions, whereas the soil at Isabela (an Oxisol) presents lower AI values but higher concentrations of Mn. Two crops, one of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and one of pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), were planted at all sites and response to liming observed. Yields were affected both by lower surviving plant populations and developmental factors. At Corozal the fungus Microphomyna caused nearly a 50 percent loss in plant population at soil pH values of around 4.5 or lower. Addition of lime drastically reduced the level of infection in 3 out of 4 bean varieties currently being evaluated in Puerto Rico. In Isabela, during the first crop of beans, a yield increase was observed with lime addition. Yields in the second crop dropped sharply on those plots where lime additions were kept low suggesting inadequate residual effects of low lime application rates. A strong response to liming by the pumpkin crop was observed in Corozal, whereas no data could be obtained in Isabela due to crop failure to fungal attack. ----- Des parcelles ont été installées surdes sols acides des fermes expérimentales de Corozal et d'Isabela de Puerto Rico (P.R.A.E.S.) avec différentes doses de chaux. Le sol de Corozal est un ultisol à niveaux élevé de Al échangeable et bas de Mn en condition naturelle acide, tandis que l'oxisol d'Isabela présente des teneurs basses en Al et élevées en Mn. la réponse au chaulage est observée sur haricots (Phaseolus vulgaris) et sur giraumon (Curcubita moshata). Les récoltes sont affectées par le petit nombre de plantes qui survivent et par des facteurs de développement. A Corozal le champignon Mycrophomyna a causé environ 50 % de pertes de plants à des valeurs de ph < 4,50. L'apport de chaux réduit de façon drastique le niveau d'infection de 3 des 4 variétés de haricots testés couramment à Puerto Rico. A Isabela l'apport de chaux entraîne une augmentation de la production de la 1ère culture de haricots. Les récoltes de la 2ème culture diminuent considérablement sur ces parcelles où les apports de chaux sont maintenus faibles et se révélant insuffisants pour des effets résiduels. Le giraumon répond bien au chaulage à Corozal, alors qu'à Isabela, l'échec de la culture par suite d'attaque fongique ne fournit aucune donnée.
PROBLEMES SOULEVES PAR LA CARACTERISATION , A L'ECHELLE DE LA PARCELLE, DU STATUT CATIONIQUE DE SOLS FERRALITIQUES DE GUADELOUPE
QUESTIONS RAISED ABOUT CATION-CONTENT DEFINITION OF GUADELOUPEAN OXISOLS, STUDIED AT THE FIELD-PLOT SCALE
Creators: name: Cabidoche, Yves-Marie
name: Oort, Folkert Van
name: Cabidoche, Yves-Marie
name: Oort, Folkert Van
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Sur les sols ferralitiques du domaine expérimental INRA de Duclos (Petit- Bourg, Guadeloupe), le Macroptylium atropurpureum cv Siratro subit divers degrés de toxicité aluminique, d'une parcelle à l'autre, comme à l'intérieur d'une parcelle. Les symptômes répondent à la distribution spatiale du rapport de Kamprath (k=»AI saturation»). Cette variabilité permet la mise en évidence d'une loi de comportement unique k=f(pHKCI) sur une même parcelle. Des parcelles de positions topographiques différentes, montrent des lois différentes, k=f(pHKCI), Ca/CEC=g(pHKCI), CEC=h(Matière organique), en réponse à des nuances de composition minéralogique. Une fois déterminées, ces lois permettent de simplifier le diagnostic du chaulage. Au-delà, plus que les valeurs des variables d'état, les véritables caractéristiques physico-chimiques permanentes d'une unité de sol sont les paramètres de ces lois. ----- Grown on oxisols of I.N.R.A.'s experiment station Duclos (Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe), Macroptylium atropurpureum cv Siratro reveals various degrees of aluminum toxicity. The symptom distribution on field-plots agrees with the spatial distribution of the Kamprath's ratio (k, «Aluminum saturation»). The soil of the field-plot, showing a tilled layer formed by a homogeneous material, display a single behaviour law : k=f(pHKCt). In order to define lime requirement, based on low costing analysis, three laws are established for different soils units : k=f(pHKCI), CA/CEC=g(pHKCl), CEC=h(O.M. content). The differences between parameters of one law, for different soil units, result from slight mineralogical gradations. More than individual state variables values, the behaviour law parameters values are characteristic of a soil-unit.
Desafíos de implementar IA en la gestión empresarial
Creators: name: Ortiz, Francisco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 350705
subject: Innovation management

description: La implementación de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la gestión empresarial ha transformado diversas áreas clave como la toma de decisiones, la optimización de procesos y la personalización de servicios. Sin embargo, muchas organizaciones enfrentan obstáculos significativos en su adopción y puesta en práctica. Este artículo examina los desafíos más comunes que surgen al integrar la IA en la gestión empresarial, tales como la resistencia al cambio organizacional, la falta de habilidades y capacitación del personal, las dificultades en la gestión de datos y los costos asociados a la implementación de tecnologías avanzadas.La resistencia cultural y la falta de comprensión de los beneficios de la IA son barreras importantes que impiden a las empresas adoptar esta tecnología con eficacia. Asimismo, la escasez de profesionales calificados en IA y la necesidad de formación continua son desafíos cruciales que afectan a muchas organizaciones.Otro aspecto relevante es la calidad de los datos necesarios para alimentar los modelos de IA, lo cual requiere de infraestructuras adecuadas para la recolección y gestión de grandes volúmenes de información. Finalmente, el alto costo de la implementación de IA, especialmente para las pequeñas y medianas empresas, limita su adopción. Este artículo concluye que la superación de estos desafíos requiere un enfoque integral que combine la capacitación del personal, la creación de una cultura digital abierta al cambio y una estrategia adecuada para la gestión de datos, con el fin de facilitar la integración exitosa de la IA en las empresas.
Supplementary Online Materials from Disruption of cross-feeding interactions by invading taxa can cause invasional meltdown in microbial communities
Creators: name: Herren, Cristina M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Sensitivity analyses and mathematical model
DECOMPOSITION DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE LIBRE (BAGASSE) DANS LES SOLS DE DEUX ZONES TROPICALES CONTRASTEES (GUADELOUPE, ANTILLES FRANÇAISES)
FREE ORGANIC MATTER (BAGASSE) DECOMPOSITION IN SOILS OF TWO CONTRASTED TROPICAL AREAS (GUADELOUPE, FRENCH WEST INDIES)
Creators: name: Clarion, Maurice
name: Nagou, Daniel
name: Clarion, Maurice
name: Nagou, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: zone tropicale
subject: matière organique
subject: bagasse
subject: décomposition
subject: zones humide et sèche
subject: vertisol
subject: sol ferralitique
subject: tropical area
subject: organic matter
subject: decomposition
subject: wet and dry area
subject: ferralsol

description: La cinétique de disparition de matière sèche de bagasse de canne à sucre, âgée d'une année (C/N = 57) et enterrée à 20 cm de profondeur en double emballage poreux, a été suivie dans deux zones de culture à pluviométrie très différente de climat tropical insulaire : - vertisol à smectite sur calcaire de Grande-Terre (G.T.), pourvu en Ν, Ρ et Ca ; - sol ferralitique à halloysite, acide de Basse-Terre (B.T.), pauvre en N et carencé en Ρ et K. 30 prélèvements ont été effectués, avec, en B.T., une pluviométrie cummulée double (2360 mm) de celle relevée en G.T. (1140 mm). Les cinétiques de disparition de matière sèche (M.S.) ont même allure générale. Après 231 jours il ne reste qu'environ 5 % de la M.S. de départ à B.T. et 30 % à G.T. Les courbes de cette disparition s'ajustent bien à une exponentielle en fonction du temps et en fonction de la somme des pluies. Les constantes de vitesse de disparition (1/2 vie) sont significativement différentes et plus courtes pour B.T. (54 jours) que pour G.T. (141 jours). En fonction de la pluviométrie cumulée, régulièrement répartie à l'échelle du mois, les paramètres de l'ajustement exponentiel sont les mêmes pour les deux stations. Selon ce modèle il reste 50 % de matière sèche de bagasse lorsqu'il est tombé 600 mm de pluie. Kinetic of dry matter (d.m.) disappearance of one year old bagasse, (C/N = 57) buried at 20 cm, in porous double packing was studied in two culture areas with very different rainfall of insular tropical climate : - calcareous vertisol of Grande-Terre (G.T.), provided un Ν, Ρ and Ca ; - acid ferralsol of Basse-Terre (B.T.), with low Ν content and deficient in Ρ and K. 30 samplings were carried out, with a cumulated rainfall in B.T. (2360 mm) twice that read in G.T. (1140 mm). The kinetics of d.m. disappearing showed the same general pattern. After 231 days 5 percent of d.m. bagasse in B.T. and 30 percent in G.T. were left. Disappearance curve fitted well with an exponential fonction according to time and to cumulated rainfall. Half-lives differed significantly and were shorter in B.T. (54 days) than in G.T. (141 days). Cumulated precipitations were regularly distributed amongst the 8 months of the experiment. So, parameters of the exponential adjustment were the same for both stations. According to this model 50 per cent d.m. bagasse was left with 600 mm rainfall.
AMELIORATION DE LA FERTILITE D'UN SOL FERRALITIQUE AVEC UN COMPOST D'ORDURES MENAGERES EN MILIEU TROPICAL
FERTILITY IMPROVEMENT OF OXISOL WITH GARBAGE COMPOST IN TROPICAL AREA
Creators: name: Clairon, Maurice
name: Nagou, Daniel
name: Sobesky, Odette
name: Clairon, Maurice
name: Nagou, Daniel
name: Sobesky, Odette
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: sols tropicaux
subject: sol ferralitique
subject: matière organique
subject: compost d'ordures ménagères
subject: expérimentation en plein champ
subject: maïs
subject: tropical soils
subject: oxisol
subject: organic matter
subject: garbage compost
subject: field experiment
subject: maize

description: En plein champ, des expérimentations ont été conduites sous des cultures de maïs en vue de préciser l'action fertilisante du compost d'ordures ménagères (C.O.M.) sursol ferrallitique acide, pauvre à carencé en éléments minéraux majeurs. Durant dix-huit mois, en plein champ sur microparcelles (7 χ 4 m), des doses de 30 et 120 t/ha de C.O. M. permettent d'obtenir des différences significatives de production de grain de maïs lors des 2e et 3e plantations. Sur le sol tropical de type ferrallitique, l'amélioration de la production obtenue semble être due à un ensemble d'effets modifiant de façon significative ses principales caractéristiques chimiques (pH-eau, capacité d'échange des cations, teneur en C, N...) à 120 t/ha de C.O.M.. Ace niveau d'apport les teneurs en métaux lourds, plombs et mercure, représentent le double des teneurs en ces métaux du sol témoin. ----- Field experiments were carried out with different maize crops to specify fertilizing action of garbage compost (G.C.) on acid oxisol hardly deficient in major elements. On microplots (7 χ 4 m) during eighteen months, 30 and 120 t/ha amounts of G.C. gave significative increasing yields of corn for the 2nd and 3rd maize crops. On the oxisol fertility improvement obtained seem to be due to general effects modifying significantly its main chimic characteristics (as water-pH, C.E.C., C, Ν contents...) at 120 t/ha G.C.. At this level the heavy metal contents, lead and quicksilver, were twice the control contents.