cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Feast and Famine: Financial Services for Rural Kenya
Creators: name: Argwings-Kodhek, Gem
name: Kwamboka, Mary
name: Karin, Francis
name: Argwings-Kodhek, Gem
name: Kwamboka, Mary
name: Karin, Francis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Financial Services
subject: Kenya
subject: Micro-finance

description: The paper gives a brief description of the history and main institutional forms in the agricultural and rural financial services sector–commercial banks, the micro-finance industry, savings and credit cooperative societies, village banks, building societies and the Agricultural Finance Corporation. It ends by raising some of the issues that need to be addressed as we begin to deal with the institutional and regulatory framework for the subsector including the cost of funds and the array of existing policy and legislative proposals on the table. The main argument of the paper is that we need to step back and undertake a comprehensive assessment of the sector before government passes new laws, or spends public money in unproductive ways. The paper proposes that the agriculture sector ministries should play a leading role in pushing for that comprehensive assessment.
Electric fields at the quark surface of strange stars in the color-flavor locked phase
Creators: name: Usov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that extremely strong electric fields may be generated at the surface of strange quark matter in the color-flavor locked phase because of the surface effects. Some properties of strange stars made of this matter are briefly discussed.
description: 3 pages, no figures, Phys. Rev. D, matches published version
Additional file 1 of Exploration of barriers to treatment for patients with eating disorders in Chile
Creators: name: Castañeda, Felipe
name: Cerda, Jaime
name: Jara, Raúl
name: Riestra, Francisca
name: Urrejola, Pascuala
name: Vogel, Melina
name: Gumucio, María Elena
name: Irribarra, Verónica
name: Álvarez, Jorge
name: Díaz, María Alejandra
name: Kompatzki, Paula
name: Costa, Daniela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 1 of Diabetes mellitus and associated factors among HIV-positive patients at primary health care facilities in Harare, Zimbabwe: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Chireshe, Rumbidzai
name: Manyangadze, Tawanda
name: Naidoo, Keshena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 3. English Questionnaire for Objective 2.
Preparation of an Inventory of Research Work Undertaken in Agricultural/Rural Sector in Kenya
Creators: name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Ariga, Joshua
name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Ariga, Joshua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Agricultural/Rural Sector
subject: Kenya

description: The objective of this study is therefore to take stock or review the existing body of knowledge, distill the main policy issues and findings, and to identify the analytical gaps. The findings and lessons from research will feed into the ongoing debates and policy formulation, and the identified knowledge gaps will help formulate the immediate and long term agricultural policy research agenda. The World Bank will use the results from this inventory to formulate its economic and sector work (ESW) in the rural sector to underpin its policy dialogue and lending program in Kenya. The inventory and the identified gaps will also assist the government in identifying policy research areas to support the implementation of the SRA. The inventory shall have a broad audience among the stakeholders and the donor community active in the sector. The inventory will be posted on a regularly up-dated web site for wider access.
Black Holes Lessons from Multipole Ratios
Creators: name: Bena, Iosif
name: Mayerson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explain in detail how to calculate the gravitational mass and angular momentum multipoles of the most general non-extremal four-dimensional black hole with four magnetic and four electric charges. We also calculate these multipoles for generic supersymmetric four-dimensional microstate geometries and multi-center solutions. Both for Kerr black holes and BPS black holes many of these multipoles vanish. However, if one embeds these black holes in String Theory and slightly deforms them, one can calculate an infinite set of ratios of vanishing multipoles which remain finite as the deformation is taken away, and whose values are independent of the direction of deformation. For supersymmetric black holes, we can also compute these ratios by taking the scaling limit of multi-center solutions, and for certain black holes the ratios computed using the two methods agree spectacularly. For the Kerr black hole, these ratios pose strong constraints on the parameterization of possible deviations away from the Kerr geometry that should be tested by future gravitational wave interferometers.
description: 52 pages, 12 figures. v2: small edits and typos fixed, appendix B expanded with more details on the indirect method
Effects of Government Maize Marketing and Trade Policies on Maize Market Prices in Kenya
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Meyers, Robert J.
name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Meyers, Robert J.
name: Nyoro, James K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Maize Marketing Trade Policies
subject: Kenya

description: The objectives of this paper are to determine the effects of NCPB maize trading activity and the maize import tariff on wholesale maize market price levels and volatility. The analysis uses monthly maize price and trade data covering the period January 1990 to September 2004. Results are based on a vector autoregression (VAR) approach that allows estimation of a counterfactual set of maize prices that would have occurred over the 1990-2004 period had the NCPB not existed and trade restrictions been removed. Assessed are the separate impacts of policy on wholesale prices in Kitale, a major surplus-producing area, and Nairobi, the major urban demand center in the country.
Preferred basis derived from eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
Creators: name: Yan, Hua
name: Wang, Jiaozi
name: Wang, Wen-ge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the long-time average of the reduced density matrix (RDM) of an $m$-level central system, which is locally coupled to a large environment, under an overall Schrödinger evolution of the total system. We consider a class of interaction Hamiltonian, whose environmental part satisfies the so-called eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) ansatz with a constant diagonal part in the energy region concerned. On the eigenbasis of the central system's Hamiltonian, $\frac{1}{2}(m-1)(m+2)$ relations among elements of the averaged RDM are derived. When steady states exist, these relations imply the existence of a preferred basis, given by a renormalized Hamiltonian that includes certain averaged impact of the system-environment interaction. Numerical simulations performed for a qubit coupled to a defect Ising chain conform the analytical predictions.
Dissociation spectrum of H$_2^+$ from a short, intense infrared laser pulse: vibration structure and focal volume effects
Creators: name: Peng, Liang-You
name: Williams, I D
name: McCann, J F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dissociation spectrum of the hydrogen molecular ion by short intense pulses of infrared light is calculated. The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is discretized and integrated in position and momentum space. For few-cycle pulses one can resolve vibrational structure that commonly arises in the experimental preparation of the molecular ion from the neutral molecule. We calculate the corresponding energy spectrum and analyze the dependence on the pulse time-delay, pulse length, and intensity of the laser for $λ\sim 790$nm. We conclude that the proton spectrum is a both a sensitive probe of the vibrational dynamics and the laser pulse. Finally we compare our results with recent measurements of the proton spectrum for 55 fs pulses using a Ti:Sapphire laser ($λ\sim 790 $nm). Integrating over the laser focal volume, for the intensity $I \sim 3 \times 10^{15}$W cm$^{-2}$, we find our results are in excellent agreement with these experiments.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, preprint
Invariant Representation Driven Neural Classifier for Anti-QCD Jet Tagging
Creators: name: Cheng, Taoli
name: Courville, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We leverage representation learning and the inductive bias in neural-net-based Standard Model jet classification tasks, to detect non-QCD signal jets. In establishing the framework for classification-based anomaly detection in jet physics, we demonstrate that, with a \emph{well-calibrated} and \emph{powerful enough feature extractor}, a well-trained \emph{mass-decorrelated} supervised Standard Model neural jet classifier can serve as a strong generic anti-QCD jet tagger for effectively reducing the QCD background. Imposing \emph{data-augmented} mass-invariance (and thus decoupling the dominant factor) not only facilitates background estimation, but also induces more substructure-aware representation learning. We are able to reach excellent tagging efficiencies for all the test signals considered. In the best case, we reach a background rejection rate of 51 and a significance improvement factor of 3.6 at 50 \% signal acceptance, with the jet mass decorrelated. This study indicates that supervised Standard Model jet classifiers have great potential in general new physics searches.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures. To appear in the Journal of High Energy Physics
Staple Food Consumption Patterns in Urban Kenya: Trends and Policy Implications
Creators: name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Argwings-Kodhek, Gem
name: Ariga, Joshua
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Argwings-Kodhek, Gem
name: Ariga, Joshua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Maize
subject: Wheat
subject: Rice
subject: Kenya

description: This study examines current consumption patterns of the main staple carbohydrate products in Nairobi -- maize, wheat, rice, and cooking bananas -- in an effort to update policy makers’ knowledge of current urban food consumption patterns. The study also identifies the factors driving changes in the amount and form of urban maize meal consumption, in order to better understand how food security policy should be designed to respond to the needs of low-income consumers. The study reveals how consumption and expenditure patterns differ according to household income. The study also examines whether the marketing channels used by the poor to secure their staple carbohydrate products differ from those used by relatively high-income consumers. The data used in this study comes from a cross-sectional random survey of 542 households in Nairobi’s urban areas and environs. The Tegemeo Institute in collaboration with the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) using the CBS’s NASSEP IV frame implemented the survey in November/December 2003. An earlier analysis of household survey data conducted in 1995 involving a random survey of 549 in Nairobi was used was a baseline. The results indicate that while generally the volumes of staple carbohydrate consumption have declined, it is the poorest section of the urban population that has been affected the most. Also, on average, there has been a decline in consumption of maize products and rice. The poorest have experienced the greatest decline. Consumption of wheat products has grown significantly among all groups, but particularly among higher income groups. These results also indicate a significant shift in maize meal consumption patterns. Even though posho meal consumption has declined, it continues to be a preserve of the poor because it is relatively inexpensive compared to sifted maize meal. Retail channels used to procure staple carbohydrate products vary substantially by income. The poorest income groups rely mainly on small shops (dukas) while well-off households rely both on dukas and supermarkets. These findings hold some implications for food security policy. Because wheat is emerging as an important expenditure item among the urban households, even the poor, the duty on imported wheat and wheat flour, which currently stands at 35 percent and 60 percent, respectively, may have adverse effects on urban poverty. Because Kenya is a member of COMESA and WTO, there will be external pressures to reduce these duties over time. Measures aimed at enhancing productivity and marketing of domestically produced wheat so as to lower wheat prices for the benefit of the poor should be considered.
Additional file 2 of Effects of monoglyceride blend on systemic and intestinal immune responses, and gut health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Park, Sangwoo
name: Sun, Shuhan
name: Kovanda, Lauren
name: Sokale, Adebayo O.
name: Barri, Adriana
name: Kim, Kwangwook
name: Li, Xunde
name: Liu, Yanhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1 Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) 2D score plot of the metabolites in serum showed separated clusters between the CON and ZNO (A and B), MG and ZNO (C and D) on d 5 (A and C) and d 14 (B and D) post-inoculation, respectively. CON, Control; MG, Monoglycerides; ZNO, High-dose zinc oxide. Shaded areas in different colors represent in 95% confidence interval. Fig. S2 Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) 2D score plot of the metabolites in serum showed separated clusters between the MG and AB (A and B), ZNO and AB (C and D) on d 5 (A and C) and d 14 (B and D) post-inoculation, respectively. MG, Monoglycerides; ZNO, High-dose zinc oxide; AB, Antibiotic. Shaded areas in different colors represent in 95% confidence interval.
Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Trade in Urban Kenya: Implications For Policy and Investment Priorities
Creators: name: Ayieko, Miltone W.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Mathenge, Mary K.
name: Ayieko, Miltone W.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Mathenge, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Consumption
subject: Consumer Demand
subject: Kenya

description: This study looks at the urban consumption patterns of fresh fruits and vegetables and the major supply chain systems used in the distribution of fresh produce. The study integrates issues of supply chain organization and performance into the analysis of consumer demand for fresh produce. In particular, the study looks at how system organization and performance affects the ability of the system to satisfy consumer demand for fresh produce. The study pursues these main objectives, namely, to estimate the household consumption of fruits and vegetables per adult equivalent; to examine the shopping patterns of fresh produce consumers as compared to other food purchases; and to examine the various supply chain systems for fresh produce.
Additional file 1 of Altering the availability of products within physical micro-environments: a conceptual framework
Creators: name: Pechey, Rachel
name: Hollands, Gareth J.
name: Carter, Patrice
name: Marteau, Theresa M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Example Study Information & Table S1 [Availability intervention type by possible mechanism].
Analytical Survival Analysis of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process
Creators: name: Giorgini, L. T.
name: Moon, W.
name: Wettlaufer, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use asymptotic methods from the theory of differential equations to obtain an analytical expression for the survival probability of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a potential defined over a broad domain. We form a uniformly continuous analytical solution covering the entire domain by asymptotically matching approximate solutions in an interior region, centered around the origin, to those in boundary layers, near the lateral boundaries of the domain. The analytic solution agrees extremely well with the numerical solution and takes into account the non-negligible leakage of probability that occurs at short times when the stochastic process begins close to one of the boundaries. Given the range of applications of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, the analytic solution is of broad relevance across many fields of natural and engineering science.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Numerical Gate Synthesis for Quantum Heuristics on Bosonic Quantum Processors
Creators: name: Özgüler, A. Barış
name: Venturelli, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a recent surge of interest and insights regarding the interplay of quantum optimal control and variational quantum algorithms. We study the framework in the context of qudits which are, for instance, definable as controllable electromagnetic modes of a superconducting cavity system coupled to a transmon. By employing recent quantum optimal control approaches described in (Petersson and Garcia, 2021), we showcase control of single-qudit operations up to eight states, and two-qutrit operations, mapped respectively onto a single mode and two modes of the resonator. We discuss the results of numerical pulse engineering on the closed system for parametrized gates useful to implement Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for qudits. The results show that high fidelity ($>$ 0.99) is achievable with sufficient computational effort for most cases under study, and extensions to multiple modes and open, noisy systems are possible. The tailored pulses can be stored and used as calibrated primitives for a future compiler in circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) systems.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. To appear
Additional file 9 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 9. Key examples of barriers and facillitators within Initiative design and delivery.
Pen-based Interaction with Spreadsheets in Mobile Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Gesslein, Travis
name: Biener, Verena
name: Gagel, Philipp
name: Schneider, Daniel
name: Kristensson, Per Ola
name: Ofek, Eyal
name: Pahud, Michel
name: Grubert, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.3.7

description: Virtual Reality (VR) can enhance the display and interaction of mobile knowledge work and in particular, spreadsheet applications. While spreadsheets are widely used yet are challenging to interact with, especially on mobile devices, using them in VR has not been explored in depth. A special uniqueness of the domain is the contrast between the immersive and large display space afforded by VR, contrasted by the very limited interaction space that may be afforded for the information worker on the go, such as an airplane seat or a small work-space. To close this gap, we present a tool-set for enhancing spreadsheet interaction on tablets using immersive VR headsets and pen-based input. This combination opens up many possibilities for enhancing the productivity for spreadsheet interaction. We propose to use the space around and in front of the tablet for enhanced visualization of spreadsheet data and meta-data. For example, extending sheet display beyond the bounds of the physical screen, or easier debugging by uncovering hidden dependencies between sheet's cells. Combining the precise on-screen input of a pen with spatial sensing around the tablet, we propose tools for the efficient creation and editing of spreadsheets functions such as off-the-screen layered menus, visualization of sheets dependencies, and gaze-and-touch-based switching between spreadsheet tabs. We study the feasibility of the proposed tool-set using a video-based online survey and an expert-based assessment of indicative human performance potential.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, ISMAR 2020
Multicritical point of Ising spin glasses on triangular and honeycomb lattices
Creators: name: de Queiroz, S. L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of two-dimensional Ising spin glasses at the multicritical point on triangular and honeycomb lattices is investigated, with the help of finite-size scaling and conformal-invariance concepts. We use transfer-matrix methods on long strips to calculate domain-wall energies, uniform susceptibilities, and spin-spin correlation functions. Accurate estimates are provided for the location of the multicritical point on both lattices, which lend strong support to a conjecture recently advanced by Takeda, Sasamoto, and Nishimori. Correlation functions are shown to obey rather strict conformal-invariance requirements, once suitable adaptations are made to account for geometric aspects of the transfer-matrix description of triangular and honeycomb lattices. The universality class of critical behavior upon crossing the ferro-paramagnetic phase boundary is probed, with the following estimates for the associated critical indices: $ν=1.49(2)$, $γ=2.71(4)$, $η_1= 0.183(3)$, distinctly different from the percolation values.
description: Published version
Rural Poverty Dynamics, Agricultural Productivity and Access to Resources
Creators: name: Gamba, Paul
name: Mghenyi, Elliot W.
name: Gamba, Paul
name: Mghenyi, Elliot W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Kenya
subject: Rural Poverty

description: The objectives of this paper are: measure the prevalence of rural poverty in 1997 and 2000, based on the nationwide Tegemeo survey; categorize households according to whether they were above the poverty line in both 1997 and 2000, entered into poverty or exited from poverty between 1997 and 2000, or were above the poverty line in both years; identifies the household-level and community-level factors associated with rural poverty through econometric analysis; and the implications of these results for the design of appropriate poverty reduction strategies. Such analysis is intended to guide donor programs and interventions designed to attack the roots of chronic poverty.
title: Smart pH and Thermosensitive Injectable Hydrogels:
title: Chitosan – Hydroxyapatite – Heparin Based Functionalised Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kocak, Fatma Zehra
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2021
Subjects: chitosan
bioactive
biodegradable
angiogenesis
injectable hydrogels
Thermosensitive injectable hydrogels
pH effects
hydroxyapatite
heparin
bone regeneration
drug delivery
minimal invasive surgery
biomineralisation
vascularization

description: Hard and soft tissue repair and regeneration require multiple surgical interventions, as very often-repeated clinical procedures are required. In addition, insufficient vascularisation remains as the main challenge for bone repair and regeneration. Therefore, bone regeneration via minimal invasive biomaterials promoting angiogenesis by bioactive agents are very much considered at present. Hereof, among new generation biomaterials, in-situ forming stimuli responsive injectable hydrogels have been of interest both in clinical and non-clinical communities. In this study, novel pH and thermosensitive in-situ formed injectable hydrogel compositions were developed by a heparin (Hep) functionalised chitosan (CS) polymer matrix integrated with a nonsintered hydroxyapatite (HA) system neutralised with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Due to designed bioactive features, CS/HA/Hep hydrogels are desired to ensure strong chemical anchorage and biological bridging by promoting vascular network formation at bone tissue defects due to the potential binding capacity of Hep for endogenous angiogenic growth factors and proteins. The production and optimisation of hydrogel compositions and their modification for pre-sterile synthesis technique with glycerol additive for enhancing mechanical properties meanwhile were investigated. The versatile properties of hydrogels were investigated for many aspects, such as injectability, gelation, rheology, mechanical properties, degradability, bioactivity, biocompatibility and angiogenesis. Hydrogel compositions showed facile injectability allowing suitable manual injection by 21 gauge (G) minimum needle thickness, and fast gelation at average body temperature (37 °C). In modified hydrogels, slight pH increment at solutions above 6.4 provided interpenetrating cross-linked morphology starting gelation in 2-3 minutes with enhanced elasticity, and mechanical strength. Hydrogels showed great bioactivity confirmed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) by forming mineralised carbonated apatite layer. The gradual hydrogel degradation was confirmed over 6-weeks up to 60% and 70% in PBS and Lysozyme-PBS media respectively. All developed hydrogels were cytocompatible and ensured proliferation of osteoblast-like cells. Optimal CS/HA/Hephydrogel compositions showed excellent pro-angiogenic capacity in ex-ovo chick embryo’s CAM model. Novel tuneable injectable pH and thermosensitive hydrogels (CS/HA/Hep) have tremendous clinical potential for minimal invasive surgery for bone repair and regeneration and targeted drug delivery applications.
Additional file 7 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. Methodological quality assessment for quality improvement studies.
Seasonal Analysis of Selected Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Prices at Wholesale Level in Key Urban Markets of Kenya
Creators: name: Mathenge, Mary K.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Mathenge, Mary K.
name: Tschirley, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Prices
subject: Kenya

description: Agricultural commodities typically show a strong seasonal pattern in production, with supplies which come off the farm during one or perhaps two distinct periods of the year having to meet relatively stable demand over the course of the entire year. This seasonal pattern in production can give rise to strong seasonal patterns in price movements, with low prices during and shortly after the harvest, rising to peaks just prior to the next harvest. Understanding this price seasonality, the typical timing and levels of seasonal highs and lows, and the reliability of each, is a key task for anyone wishing to understand the market for an agricultural commodity. This paper presents the results of seasonal analysis for seven fresh fruit and vegetable crops in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu: ripe bananas, kales, dry onions, tomatoes, cabbages, oranges, and potatoes due to their importance in urban consumer diets.
Upper density of monochromatic paths in edge-coloured infinite complete graphs and bipartite graphs
Creators: name: Day, A. Nicholas
name: Lo, Allan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The upper density of an infinite graph $G$ with $V(G) \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ is defined as $\overline{d}(G) = \limsup_{n \rightarrow \infty}{|V(G) \cap \{1,\ldots,n\}|}/{n}$. Let $K_{\mathbb{N}}$ be the infinite complete graph with vertex set $\mathbb{N}$. Corsten, DeBiasio, Lamaison and Lang showed that in every $2$-edge-colouring of $K_{\mathbb{N}}$, there exists a monochromatic path with upper density at least $(12 + \sqrt{8})/17$, which is best possible. In this paper, we extend this result to $k$-edge-colouring of $K_{\mathbb{N}}$ for $k \ge 3$. We conjecture that every $k$-edge-coloured $K_{\mathbb{N}}$ contains a monochromatic path with upper density at least $1/(k-1)$, which is best possible (when $k-1$ is a prime power). We prove that this is true when $k = 3$ and asymptotically when $k =4$. Furthermore, we show that this problem can be deduced from its bipartite variant, which is of independent interest.
description: fixed some typos
Vacuum Characterization of a Compact Room-temperature Trapped Ion System
Creators: name: Aikyo, Yuhi
name: Vrijsen, Geert
name: Noel, Thomas W.
name: Kato, Alexander
name: Ivory, Megan K.
name: Kim, Jungsang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the design and vacuum performance of a compact room-temperature trapped ion system for quantum computing, consisting of a ultra-high vacuum (UHV) package, a micro-fabricated surface trap and a small form-factor ion pump. The system is designed to maximize mechanical stability and robustness by minimizing the system size and weight. The internal volume of the UHV package is only 2 cm$^3$, a significant reduction in comparison with conventional vacuum chambers used in trapped ion experiments. We demonstrate trapping of $^{174}$Yb$^+$ ions in this system and characterize the vacuum level in the UHV package by monitoring both the rates of ion hopping in a double-well potential and ion chain reordering events. The calculated pressure in this vacuum package is about 1.5e-11 Torr, which is sufficient for the majority of current trapped ion experiments.
A concerted genomic and proteomic approach to understand the early stages of prostate carcinogenesis
Creators: name: Ma, Stephanie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cancer of the prostate (CaP) is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of death from cancer. To improve survival rates, an understanding of the molecular events that govern this disease is critical. We approach this goal through a concerted effort to identify the critical, early genomic and proteomic changes that cause the transformation of normal cells into their pre- and cancerous stages. In the past however, these molecular studies were greatly hindered by the heterogeneity of the tissue and the small size of the early stage lesions. To overcome these problems, a protocol for microdissection of progressionspecific cells from sections of both paraffin-embedded and fresh frozen radical prostatectomy samples that would allow the extraction of high quantity and quality DNA was developed. Further, a standardized protocol for DNA quantitation tailored for these minute microdissected samples was established. Using these protocols, 75 radical prostatectomy specimens were studied. 28 of these specimens (totaling 28 normal, 15 PIN and 30 early invasive carcinoma - Gleason grades 2 to 4) yielded sufficient DNA of favorable quantity and quality for SMAL (Scanning of Microdissected Archival Lesions)-PCR fingerprinting. Polymorphic DNA fingerprint fragments correlated with early prostate cancer progression were identified and mapped to 1p32, 2p23, 3p26, 4q35, 5q23, 8q22, 8q24, 9q22, 11p13, 12p12-13, 16q12, 18q21. Regions of allelic imbalance were reviewed by literature analysis and candidate genes were proposed. As a complementary approach, a working protocol for the use of Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) coupled with the SELDI ProteinChip™ was also developed and standardized. Using this protocol, a pilot experiment was then conducted by comparing SELDI generated protein profiles from lysates of microdissected normal and early tumor cells from 5 fresh frozen human prostatic specimens. A recurrent gain of a 24kDa protein peak in cancer was observed in 2 out of 5 patients. Groundwork has been laid for others to fine-map and defines the boundaries of the potential prostate cancer genes. Furthermore, using the same method in the proteomic approach, others can now screen more patients for similar protein alterations that may signal the initiation of a developing cancer.
Fermionic Ising glasses in magnetic transverse field with BCS pairing interaction
Creators: name: Magalhães, S. G
name: Zimmer, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a fermionic infinited-ranged Ising spin glass with a real space BCS interaction in the presence of an applied transverse field. The problem is formulated in the integral functional formalism where the SU(2) spins are given in terms of bilinear combinations of Grassmann fields. The problem is solved within static approximation and the replica symmetry ansatz combined with previous approaches used to study the critical behavior of the quantum Ising spin glass in a transverse field and the spin glass Heisenberg model with BCS pairing. Our results show that the transverse field has strong effect in the phase boundary of the spin glass phase and the PAIR phase in which there is a long range order corresponding to formations of pairs. The location of the tricritical point in the PAIR phase transition line is also affected.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, submitted to EPJB
Factors Driving the Growth in Fertilizer Consumption in Kenya, 1990-2005: Sustaining the Momentum in Kenya and Lessons for Broader Replicability in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Ariga, Joshua
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Ariga, Joshua
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Nyoro, James K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security
subject: Food Policy
subject: Fertilizer Consumption
subject: Kenya

description: The objective of this study is to identify the factors responsible for the impressive growth in fertilizer use in Kenya since market liberalization in the early 1990s. Over the past 10 years, fertilizer consumption has risen by 35%. So far, it is unknown whether smallholder farmers are responsible for this growth or whether it is being driven mainly by the large-scale and/or estate sectors. Moreover, it is important for policy makers to know whether the increased fertilizer consumption is being devoted to smallholder food crops or whether industrial crops such as tea and sugarcane are responsible for this growth. This study addresses these questions using nationwide survey data on smallholder fertilizer use patterns between 1996 and 2004. The study also explores whether the growth in fertilizer use in Kenya is attributed to any particular types of fertilizer delivery supply chains. A better understanding of the types of fertilizer distribution channels fueling the growth in consumption and the sustainability of these delivery systems can be of great help in guiding future policy to replicate successful supply chain models more widely in Kenya. Finally the study is meant to guide discussions on fertilizer marketing policy in Kenya in line with the new Economic Recovery Strategy (ERS).
Additional file 8 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 8. Table of included studies mapped to Moore (2017) definition of sustainability.
The Fate of the Merger Remnant in GW170817 and its Imprint on the Jet Structure
Creators: name: Murguia-Berthier, Ariadna
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
name: De Colle, Fabio
name: Janiuk, Agnieszka
name: Rosswog, Stephan
name: Lee, William H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first neutron star binary merger detected in gravitational waves, GW170817 and the subsequent detection of its emission across the electromagnetic spectrum showed that these systems are viable progenitors of short $γ$-ray bursts (sGRB). The afterglow signal of GW170817 has been found to be consistent with a structured GRB jet seen off-axis, requiring significant amounts of relativistic material at large angles. This trait can be attributed to the interaction of the relativistic jet with the external wind medium. Here we perform numerical simulations of relativistic jets interacting with realistic wind environments in order to explore how the properties of the wind and central engine affect the structure of successful jets. We find that the angular energy distribution of the jet depends primarily on the ratio between the lifetime of the jet and the time it takes the merger remnant to collapse. We make use of these simulations to constrain the time it took for the merger remnant in GW170817 to collapse into a black hole based on the angular structure of the jet as inferred from afterglow observations. We conclude that the lifetime of the merger remnant in GW170817 was $\approx 1-1.7$s, which, after collapse, triggered the formation of the jet.
description: 13 figures, 15 pages, accepted in ApJ
Identification of the Majorana edge modes in tight-binding systems based on the Krylov method
Creators: name: Więckowski, Andrzej
name: Ptok, Andrzej
name: Mierzejewski, Marcin
name: Kupczyński, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low dimensional structures in the non-trivial topological phase can host the in-gap Majorana bound states, identified experimentally as zero-bias peaks in differential conductance. Theoretical methods for studying Majorana modes are mostly based on the bulk-boundary correspondence or exact diagonalization of finite systems via, e.g., Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism. In this paper, we develop an efficient method for identifying the Majorana in-gap (edge) states via looking for extreme eigenvalues of symmetric matrices. The presented approach is based on the Krylov method and allows for study the spatial profile of the modes as well as the spectrum of the system. The advantage of this method is the calculation cost, which shows linear dependence on the number of lattice sites. The latter problem may be solved for very large clusters of arbitrary shape/geometry. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach, we study two- and three-dimensional clusters described by the Kitaev and Rashba models for which we determine the number of Majorana modes and calculate their spatial structures. Additionally, we discuss the impact of the system size on the physical properties of the topological phase of the magnetic nanoisland deposited on the superconducting surface. In this case, we have shown that the eigenvalues of the in-gap states depend on the length of the system edge.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures
American Native Beef Cooperative
Creators: name: Kenkel, Philip L.
name: Holcomb, Rodney B.
name: Kenkel, Philip L.
name: Holcomb, Rodney B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Livestock Production/Industries

description: The American Native Beef project involved a failed attempt to establish cow and bull slaughter operation in Southeast Oklahoma. The effort was initially organized as a new generation cooperative and raised over US$2.5M from area producers who retained their funds in escrow for over 5 years despite numerous opportunities to withdraw their investment. The business model was restructured several times to attract equity capital from outside investors. The case provides insights into the linkages between business strategy and business structure. It also raises the question as to whether the project could have been successful under the original business model.
Factors affecting farmers’ willingness to adopt salt-tolerant forage crops in south-eastern Tunisia
Creators: name: Chebil, Ali
name: Nasr, Hafedh
name: Zaibet, Lokman
name: Chebil, Ali
name: Nasr, Hafedh
name: Zaibet, Lokman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farmers’ willingness to adopt
subject: Salt-tolerant forage
subject: Tobit model
subject: Tunisia

description: This paper analyzed the factors that affect farmers’ willingness to adopt salt-tolerant forage for livestock, using a Tobit model. The data used for the empirical analysis was obtained from a survey of 97 farmers in southeastern Tunisia. The results of this study show that variables related to age, education level, the salinity level of water and membership in a farmers’ association do not significantly influence the degree to which salt-tolerant forage production is adopted. It did, however, find a positive relationship between off-farm income availability and adoption. In addition, the flock size variable, expressed in Standard Livestock Units, has a significant and positive relationship with adoption. This indicates farmers’ need to cover their forage deficit. Agricultural extension services should ensure that the requisite forage species are made available, and work with farmers to encourage them to adopt salt-tolerant forage species and pass on their knowledge to other farmers.
Double photoionization of propylene oxide: a coincidence study of the ejection of a pair of valence-shell electrons
Creators: name: Falcinelli, Stefano
name: Vecchiocattivi, Franco
name: Alagia, Michele
name: Schio, Luca
name: Richter, Robert
name: Stranges, Stefano
name: Catone, Daniele
name: Arruda, Manuela S.
name: Mendes, Luiz A. V.
name: Palazzetti, Federico
name: Aquilanti, Vincenzo
name: Pirani, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propylene oxide, a favorite target of experimental and theoretical studies of circular dichroism, was recently discovered in interstellar space, further amplifying the attention to its role in the current debate on protobiological homochirality. In the present work, a photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence technique, using an ion-imaging detector and tunable synchrotron radiation in the 18.0-37.0 eV energy range, permits: (i)-to observe six double-ionization fragmentation channels, their relative yields being accounted for about two-thirds by the couple (C2H4+, CH2O+), one-fifth by (C2H3+, CH3O+); (ii)-to measure thresholds for their openings as a function of photon energy; (iii)-to unravel a pronounced bimodality for a kinetic-energy-released distribution, fingerprint of competitive non-adiabatic mechanisms.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 5 of The barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainability of hospital-based interventions: a systematic review
Creators: name: Cowie, Julie
name: Nicoll, Avril
name: Dimova, Elena D.
name: Campbell, Pauline
name: Duncan, Edward A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Methodological quality assessment for qualitative studies.
Infinite qubit rings with maximal nearest neighbor entanglement: the Bethe ansatz solution
Creators: name: Poulsen, U. V.
name: Meyer, T.
name: Bruss, D.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for translationally invariant states of qubits on a ring that maximize the nearest neighbor entanglement. This problem was initially studied by O'Connor and Wootters [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 63}, 052302 (2001)]. We first map the problem to the search for the ground state of a spin 1/2 Heisenberg XXZ model. Using the exact Bethe ansatz solution in the limit of an infinite ring, we prove the correctness of the assumption of O'Connor and Wootters that the state of maximal entanglement does not have any pair of neighboring spins ``down'' (or, alternatively spins ``up''). For sufficiently small fixed magnetization, however, the assumption does not hold: we identify the region of magnetizations for which the states that maximize the nearest neighbor entanglement necessarily contain pairs of neighboring spins ``down''.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures; Eq. (45) and Fig. 3 corrected, no qualitative change in conclusions