cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photon number correlation for quantum enhanced imaging and sensing
Creators: name: Meda, Alice
name: Losero, Elena
name: Samantaray, Nigam
name: Scafirimuto, Fabio
name: Pradyumna, Siva
name: Avella, Alessio
name: Ruo-Berchera, Ivano
name: Genovese, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review we present the potentialities and the achievements of the use of non-classical photon number correlations in twin beams (TWB) states for many applications, ranging from imaging to metrology. Photon number correlations in the quantum regime are easy to be produced and are rather robust against unavoidable experimental losses, and noise in some cases, if compared to the entanglement, where loosing one photon can completely compromise the state and its exploitable advantage. Here, we will focus on quantum enhanced protocols in which only phase-insensitive intensity measurements (photon number counting) are performed, which allow probing transmission/absorption properties of a system, leading for example to innovative target detection schemes in a strong background. In this framework, one of the advantages is that the sources experimentally available emit a wide number of pairwise correlated modes, which can be intercepted and exploited separately, for example by many pixels of a camera, providing a parallelism, essential in several applications, like wide field sub-shot-noise imaging and quantum enhanced ghost imaging. Finally, non-classical correlation enables new possibilities in quantum radiometry, e.g. the possibility of absolute calibration of a spatial resolving detector from the on-off- single photon regime to the linear regime, in the same setup.
MPEC 2023-R137 : 2023 RU4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RU4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Dark SU(N) glueball stars on fluid branes
Creators: name: da Rocha, Roldao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The glueball dark matter, in the pure SU(N) Yang-Mills theory, engenders dark SU(N) stars that comprise self-gravitating compact configurations of scalar glueball fields. Corrections to the highest frequency of gravitational wave radiation emitted by dark SU(N) star mergers on a fluid brane with variable tension, implemented by the minimal geometric deformation, are derived and their consequences analysed. Hence, dark SU(N) stars mergers on a fluid brane-world are shown to be better detectable by the LIGO and the eLISA experiments.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, matching the published version
Low temperature transport properties of pyrolytic graphite sheet
Creators: name: Nakamura, Sachiko
name: Miyafuji, Daisuke
name: Fujii, Takenori
name: Matsui, Tomohiro
name: Fukuyama, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have made thermal and electrical transport measurements of uncompressed pyrolytic graphite sheet (uPGS), a mass-produced thin graphite sheet with various thicknesses between 10 and 100 μm, at temperatures between 2 and 300 K. Compared to exfoliated graphite sheets like Grafoil, uPGS has much higher conductivities by an order of magnitude because of its high crystallinity confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. This material is advantageous as a thermal link of light weight in a wide temperature range particularly above 60 K where the thermal conductivity is much higher than common thermal conductors such as copper and aluminum alloys. We also found a general relationship between thermal and electrical conductivities in graphite-based materials which have highly anisotropic conductivities. This would be useful to estimate thermal conductance of a cryogenic part made of these materials from its electrical conductance more easily measurable at low temperature.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
A review of gravitational waves from cosmic domain walls
Creators: name: Saikawa, Ken'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution, we discuss the cosmological scenario where unstable domain walls are formed in the early universe and their late-time annihilation produces a significant amount of gravitational waves. After describing cosmological constraints on long-lived domain walls, we estimate the typical amplitude and frequency of gravitational waves observed today. We also review possible extensions of the standard model of particle physics that predict the formation of unstable domain walls and can be probed by observation of relic gravitational waves. It is shown that recent results of pulser timing arrays and direct detection experiments partially exclude the relevant parameter space, and that a much wider parameter space can be covered by the next generation of gravitational wave observatories.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures, invited paper to special issue `Gravitational Waves: Prospects after the First Direct Detections' in `Universe'; v2: revised version of the manuscript, accepted for publication
Impact of model assumptions on the inference of the evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in fungi
Creators: name: Sheikh, Sanea
name: Khan, Faheema
name: Bahram, Mohammad
name: Ryberg, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ancestral state reconstruction
model-based methods
ectomycorrhizas
time-calibrated phylogeny
variable rates

description: Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic relation between plant and fungi that is essential for nutrient uptake of many stand forming trees. There are two conflicting views about the evolution of ECM in fungi suggesting (1) relatively few transitions to ECM followed by reversals to non-ECM, or (2) many independent origins of ECM and no reversals. In this study, we compare these, and other, hypotheses and test the impact of different models on inference. We assembled a dataset of five marker gene sequences (nuc58, nucLSU, nucSSU, rpb1, and rpb2) and 2,174 fungal taxa covering the three subphyla: Agaricomycotina, Mucoromycotina and Pezizomycotina. The fit of different models, including models with variable rates in clades or through time, to the pattern of ECM fungal taxa was tested in a Bayesian framework, and using AIC and simulations. We find that models implementing variable rates are a better fit than models without rate shift, and that the conclusion about the relative rate between ECM and non-ECM depend largely on whether rate shifts are allowed or not. We conclude that standard constant-rate ancestral state reconstruction models are not adequate for the analysis of the evolution of ECM fungi, and may give contradictory results to more extensive analyses.
H$α$ intensity map of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 host galaxy from Subaru/Kyoto 3DII AO-assisted optical integral-field spectroscopy
Creators: name: Kokubo, Mitsuru
name: Mitsuda, Kazuma
name: Sugai, Hajime
name: Ozaki, Shinobu
name: Minowa, Yosuke
name: Hattori, Takashi
name: Hayano, Yutaka
name: Matsubayashi, Kazuya
name: Shimono, Atsushi
name: Sako, Shigeyuki
name: Doi, Mamoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the H$α$ intensity map of the host galaxy of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 at a redshift of z=0.193 obtained with the AO-assisted Kyoto 3DII optical integral-field unit mounted on the 8.2-m Subaru Telescope. We detected a compact H$α$-emitting (i.e., star-forming) region in the galaxy, which has a much smaller angular size [$< 0".57$ (1.9 kpc) at full width at half maximum (FWHM)] than the extended stellar continuum emission region determined by the Gemini/GMOS z'-band image [$\simeq 1".4$ (4.6 kpc) at FWHM with ellipticity b/a=0.45]. The spatial offset between the centroid of the H$α$ emission region and the position of the radio bursts is $0".08 \pm 0".02$ ($0.26 \pm 0.07$ kpc), indicating that FRB 121102 is located within the star-forming region. This close spatial association of FRB 121102 with the star-forming region is consistent with expectations from young pulsar/magnetar models for FRB 121102, and it also suggests that the observed H$α$ emission region can make a major dispersion measure (DM) contribution to the host galaxy DM component of FRB 121102. Nevertheless, the largest possible value of the DM contribution from the H$α$ emission region inferred from our observations still requires a significant amount of ionized baryons in intergalactic medium (the so-called `missing' baryons) as the DM source of FRB 121102, and we obtain a 90\% confidence level lower limit on the cosmic baryon density in the intergalactic medium in the low-redshift universe as $Ω_{IGM} > 0.012$.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, and 1 table, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal 2017 June 20
New constraints and discovery potential of sub-GeV dark matter with xenon detectors
Creators: name: McCabe, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Existing xenon dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments can probe the DM-nucleon interaction of DM with a sub-GeV mass through a search for photon emission from the recoiling xenon atom. We show that LUX's constraints on sub-GeV DM, which utilise the scintillation (S1) and ionisation (S2) signals, are approximately three orders of magnitude more stringent than previous xenon constraints in this mass range, derived from the XENON10 and XENON100 S2-only searches. The new LUX constraints provide the most stringent direct detection constraints for DM particles with a mass below 0.5 GeV. In addition, the photon emission signal in LUX and its successor LZ maintain the discrimination between background and signal events so that an unambiguous discovery of sub-GeV DM is possible. We show that LZ has the potential to reconstruct the DM mass with 20% accuracy for particles lighter than 0.5 GeV.
description: v2: Updated to match journal version. Additional technical information provided in appendices. 11 pages, 7 figures
Simulation study of signal formation in position sensitive planar p-on-n silicon detectors after short range charge injection
Creators: name: Peltola, Timo
name: Eremin, Vladimir
name: Verbitskaya, Elena
name: Härkönen, Jaakko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Segmented silicon detectors (micropixel and microstrip) are the main type of detectors used in the inner trackers of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments at CERN. Due to the high luminosity and eventual high fluence, detectors with fast response to fit the short shaping time of 20 ns and sufficient radiation hardness are required. Measurements carried out at the Ioffe Institute have shown a reversal of the pulse polarity in the detector response to short-range charge injection. Since the measured negative signal is about 30-60% of the peak positive signal, the effect strongly reduces the CCE even in non-irradiated detectors. For further investigation of the phenomenon the measurements have been reproduced by TCAD simulations. As for the measurements, the simulation study was applied for the p-on-n strip detectors similar in geometry to those developed for the ATLAS experiment and for the Ioffe Institute designed p-on-n strip detectors with each strip having a window in the metallization covering the p$^+$ implant, allowing the generation of electron-hole pairs under the strip implant. Red laser scans across the strips and the interstrip gap with varying laser diameters and Si-SiO$_2$ interface charge densities were carried out. The results verify the experimentally observed negative response along the scan in the interstrip gap. When the laser spot is positioned on the strip p$^+$ implant the negative response vanishes and the collected charge at the active strip proportionally increases. The simulation results offer a further insight and understanding of the influence of the oxide charge density in the signal formation. The observed effects and details of the detector response for different charge injection positions are discussed in the context of Ramo's theorem.
description: 29 pages, 21 figures, 1 table
Speedup for quantum optimal control from automatic differentiation based on graphics processing units
Creators: name: Leung, Nelson
name: Abdelhafez, Mohamed
name: Koch, Jens
name: Schuster, David I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement a quantum optimal control algorithm based on automatic differentiation and harness the acceleration afforded by graphics processing units (GPUs). Automatic differentiation allows us to specify advanced optimization criteria and incorporate them in the optimization process with ease. We show that the use of GPUs can speed up calculations by more than an order of magnitude. Our strategy facilitates efficient numerical simulations on affordable desktop computers, and exploration of a host of optimization constraints and system parameters relevant to real-life experiments. We demonstrate optimization of quantum evolution based on fine-grained evaluation of performance at each intermediate time step, thus enabling more intricate control on the evolution path, suppression of departures from the truncated model subspace, as well as minimization of the physical time needed to perform high-fidelity state preparation and unitary gates.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Quantum Effects in 3+1 Schwarzschild-de Sitter Spacetime: Properties of the Hadamard Function
Creators: name: Newsome, Ian M.
name: Pla, Silvia
name: Anderson, Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a four-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter background, the spherically symmetric $(\ell=0)$ contribution to the Hadamard two-point correlation function is computed for a massless minimally-coupled scalar field in the Unruh state. Consideration is given to spacetime points located between the black hole and cosmological horizons. Previously it was found in two dimensions at late times for spatially separated points that the Hadamard function exhibits unbounded linear growth in time, with a rate of growth proportional to the sum of the black hole and cosmological surface gravities. Here it is shown numerically that this instability persists in four dimensions, but with a modification of the two-dimensional result due to scattering effects associated with the scalar field modes. An analytic approximation is derived for the growth rate in four dimensions and, in the limit that the black hole vanishes, is found to be equivalent to the rate of growth for the Hadamard function found previously for de Sitter space in cosmological coordinates.
description: Published version, significant changes and corrections, results on the growth rate of the Hadamard function unchanged, shortened for publication, some plots eliminated, and corrections made to the current Fig. 2. 15 pages, 4 figures
Hybrid SGP4 orbit propagator
Creators: name: San-Juan, Juan Félix
name: Pérez, Iván
name: San-Martín, Montserrat
name: Vergara, Eliseo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-Line Elements (TLEs) continue to be the sole public source of orbiter observations. The accuracy of TLE propagations through the Simplified General Perturbations-4 (SGP4) software decreases dramatically as the propagation horizon increases, and thus the period of validity of TLEs is very limited. As a result, TLEs are gradually becoming insufficient for the growing demands of Space Situational Awareness (SSA). We propose a technique, based on the hybrid propagation methodology, aimed at extending TLE validity with minimal changes to the current TLE-SGP4 system in a non-intrusive way. It requires that the institution in possession of the osculating elements distributes hybrid TLEs, HTLEs, which encapsulate the standard TLE and the model of its propagation error. The validity extension can be accomplished when the end user processes HTLEs through the hybrid SGP4 propagator, HSGP4, which comprises the standard SGP4 and an error corrector.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
KIC 8462852: Will the Trojans return in 2021?
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Fernando J.
name: Arnalte-Mur, Pablo
name: Fernandez-Soto, Alberto
name: Martinez, Vicent J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: KIC 8462852 stood out among more than 100,000 stars in the Kepler catalogue because of the strange features of its light curve: a wide, asymmetric dimming taking up to 15 per cent of the light at D793 and a period of multiple, narrow dimmings happening approximately 700 days later. Several models have been proposed to account for this abnormal behaviour, most of which require either unlikely causes or a finely-tuned timing. We aim at offering a relatively natural solution, invoking only phenomena that have been previously observed, although perhaps in larger or more massive versions. We model the system using a large, ringed body whose transit produces the first dimming and a swarm of Trojan objects sharing its orbit that causes the second period of multiple dimmings. The resulting orbital period is $T\approx12$ years, with a semi-major axis $a\approx6$ au. Our model allows us to make two straightforward predictions: we expect the passage of a new swarm of Trojans in front of the star starting during the early months of 2021, and a new transit of the main object during the first half of 2023.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. v3: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
The Roman harmonic numbers revisited
Creators: name: Sesma, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B75, 11B73, 11B68

description: Two decades ago, Steven Roman, Daniel E. Loeb and Gian-Carlo Rota introduced a family of harmonic numbers in their study of harmonic logarithms. We propose to refer to those numbers as {\it Roman harmonic numbers}. With the purpose of revitalizing the study of these mathematical objects, we recall here their known properties and unveil additional ones. An integral representation, several generating relations, and a collection of sum rules involving those numbers are presented. It is also shown that higher derivatives of the Pochhammer and reciprocal Pochhammer symbols are easily expressed in terms of Roman harmonic numbers.
description: Review article
MPEC 2023-R138 : 2023 RV4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RV4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Effective Field Theory of nonsingular cosmology: II
Creators: name: Cai, Yong
name: Li, Hai-Guang
name: Qiu, Taotao
name: Piao, Yun-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Effective Field Theory (EFT) of cosmological perturbations, we explicitly clarify the pathology in nonsingular cubic Galileon models and show how to cure it in EFT with new insights into this issue. With the least set of EFT operators that are capable to avoid instabilities in nonsingular cosmologies, we construct a nonsingular model dubbed the Genesis-inflation model, in which a slowly expanding phase (namely, Genesis) with increasing energy density is followed by slow-roll inflation. The spectrum of the primordial perturbation may be simulated numerically, which shows itself a large-scale cutoff, as the large-scale anomalies in CMB might be a hint for.
description: 20 pages, 1 table, 9 figures; published in EPJC
Prediction of deviations from the Rutherford formula for low-energy Coulomb scattering of wavepackets
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Scott E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the nonrelativistic scattering of a wavepacket from a Coulomb potential and find deviations from the Rutherford formula in all cases. These generally occur only at low scattering angles, where they would be obscured by the part of the incident beam that emerges essentially unscattered. For a model experiment, the scattering of helium nuclei from a thin gold foil, we find the deviation region is magnified for low incident energies (in the keV range), so that a large shadow zone of low probability around the forward direction is expected to be measurable. From a theoretical perspective, the use of wavepackets makes partial wave analysis applicable to this infinite-range potential. It allows us to calculate the everywhere finite probability for a wavepacket to wavepacket transition and to relate this to the differential cross section. Time delays and advancements in the detection probabilities can be calculated. We investigate the optical theorem as applied to this special case.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures. This version contains clarifications and additional results compared to the previous version. The paper has been accepted for publication in J.Phys.B
Models for the assessment of treatment improvement: the ideal and the feasible
Creators: name: Álvarez-Esteban, P. C.
name: del Barrio, E.
name: Cuesta-Albertos, J. A.
name: Matrán, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Comparisons of different treatments or production processes are the goals of a significant fraction of applied research. Unsurprisingly, two-sample problems play a main role in Statistics through natural questions such as `Is the the new treatment significantly better than the old?'. However, this is only partially answered by some of the usual statistical tools for this task. More importantly, often practitioners are not aware of the real meaning behind these statistical procedures. We analyze these troubles from the point of view of the order between distributions, the stochastic order, showing evidence of the limitations of the usual approaches, paying special attention to the classical comparison of means under the normal model. We discuss the unfeasibility of statistically proving stochastic dominance, but show that it is possible, instead, to gather statistical evidence to conclude that slightly relaxed versions of stochastic dominance hold.
Matrix Product Unitaries: Structure, Symmetries, and Topological Invariants
Creators: name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
name: Perez-Garcia, David
name: Schuch, Norbert
name: Verstraete, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matrix Product Vectors form the appropriate framework to study and classify one-dimensional quantum systems. In this work, we develop the structure theory of Matrix Product Unitary operators (MPUs) which appear e.g. in the description of time evolutions of one-dimensional systems. We prove that all MPUs have a strict causal cone, making them Quantum Cellular Automata (QCAs), and derive a canonical form for MPUs which relates different MPU representations of the same unitary through a local gauge. We use this canonical form to prove an Index Theorem for MPUs which gives the precise conditions under which two MPUs are adiabatically connected, providing an alternative derivation to that of [Commun. Math. Phys. 310, 419 (2012), arXiv:0910.3675] for QCAs. We also discuss the effect of symmetries on the MPU classification. In particular, we characterize the tensors corresponding to MPU that are invariant under conjugation, time reversal, or transposition. In the first case, we give a full characterization of all equivalence classes. Finally, we give several examples of MPU possessing different symmetries.
description: v2: Minor corrections. See also the related work arXiv:1704.01943 by Sahinoglu et al
Rescaling the nonadditivity parameter in Tsallis thermostatistics
Creators: name: Korbel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper introduces nonadditivity parameter transformation group induced by Tsallis entropy. We discuss simple physical applications of a system in the contact with finite heat bath or with temperature fluctuations. With help of the transformation, it is possible to introduce generalized distributive rule in q-deformed algebra. We focus on MaxEnt distributions of Tsallis entropy with rescaled nonadditivity parameter under escort energy constraints. We show that each group element corresponds to one class of q-deformed distributions. Finally, we briefly discuss the application of the transformation to Jizba-Arimitsu Hybrid entropy and its connection to Average Hybrid entropy.
Multi-Dimensional Effective Field Theory Analysis for Direct Detection of Dark Matter
Creators: name: Rogers, H. E.
name: Cerdeno, D. G.
name: Cushman, P.
name: Livet, F.
name: Mandic, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scattering of dark matter particles off nuclei in direct detection experiments can be described in terms of a multidimensional effective field theory (EFT). A new systematic analysis technique is developed using the EFT approach and Bayesian inference methods to exploit, when possible, the energy-dependent information of the detected events, experimental efficiencies, and backgrounds. Highly dimensional likelihoods are calculated over the mass of the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) and multiple EFT coupling coefficients, which can then be used to set limits on these parameters and choose models (EFT operators) that best fit the direct detection data. Expanding the parameter space beyond the standard spin-independent isoscalar cross section and WIMP mass reduces tensions between previously published experiments. Combining these experiments to form a single joint likelihood leads to stronger limits than when each experiment is considered on its own. Simulations using two nonstandard operators (3 and 8) are used to test the proposed analysis technique in up to five dimensions and demonstrate the importance of using multiple likelihood projections when determining constraints on WIMP mass and EFT coupling coefficients. In particular, this shows that an explicit momentum dependence in dark matter scattering can be identified.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
Computing Riemann zeros with light scattering
Creators: name: Yu, Sunkyu
name: Piao, Xianji
name: Park, Namkyoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding hidden order within disorder is a common interest in material science, wave physics, and mathematics. The Riemann hypothesis, stating the locations of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function, tentatively characterizes statistical order in the seemingly random distribution of prime numbers. This famous conjecture has inspired various connections with different branches of physics, recently with non-Hermitian physics, quantum field theory, trapped-ion qubits, and hyperuniformity. Here we develop the computing platform for the Riemann zeta function by employing classical scattering of light. We show that the Riemann hypothesis suggests the landscape of semi-infinite optical scatterers for the perfect reflectionless condition under the Born approximation. To examine the validity of the scattering-based computation, we investigate the asymptotic behaviours of suppressed reflections with the increasing number of scatterers and the emergence of multiple scattering. The result provides another bridge between classical physics and the Riemann zeros, exhibiting the design of wave devices inspired by number theory.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures in the main text, 3 figures in Supplementary Information
Privacy in networks of quantum sensors
Creators: name: Hassani, Majid
name: Scheiner, Santiago
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
name: Markham, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We treat privacy in a network of quantum sensors where accessible information is limited to specific functions of the network parameters, and all other information remains private. We develop an analysis of privacy in terms of a manipulation of the quantum Fisher information matrix, and find the optimal state achieving maximum privacy in the estimation of linear combination of the unknown parameters in a network of quantum sensors. We also discuss the effect of uncorrelated noise on the privacy of the network. Moreover, we illustrate our results with an example where the goal is to estimate the average value of the unknown parameters in the network. In this example, we also introduce the notion of quasi-privacy ($ε$-privacy), quantifying how close the state is to being private.
description: 10 pages, 1 figures
Master equation for She-Leveque scaling and its classification in terms of other Markov models of developed turbulence
Creators: name: Nickelsen, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the Markov process equivalent to She-Leveque scaling in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. The Markov process is a jump process for velocity increments $u(r)$ in scale $r$ in which the jumps occur randomly but with deterministic width in $u$. From its master equation we establish a prescription to simulate the She-Leveque process and compare it with Kolmogorov scaling. To put the She-Leveque process into the context of other established turbulence models on the Markov level, we derive a diffusion process for $u(r)$ from two properties of the Navier-Stokes equation. This diffusion process already includes Kolmogorov scaling, extended self-similarity and a class of random cascade models. The fluctuation theorem of this Markov process implies a "second law" that puts a loose bound on the multipliers of the random cascade models. This bound explicitly allows for inverse cascades, which are necessary to satisfy the fluctuation theorem. By adding a jump process to the diffusion process, we go beyond Kolmogorov scaling and formulate the most general scaling law for the class of Markov processes having both diffusion and jump parts. This Markov scaling law includes She-Leveque scaling and a scaling law derived by Yakhot.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure, published version
On black holes in higher-derivative gravities
Creators: name: Bueno, Pablo
name: Cano, Pablo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish various general results concerning static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions of general higher-derivative extensions of Einstein gravity. We prove that the only theories susceptible of admitting solutions with $g_{tt}g_{rr}=-1$ and representing the exterior field of a spherically symmetric distribution of mass are those that only propagate a massless and traceless graviton on the vacuum. Then, we provide a simple (and computationally powerful) sufficient condition for a theory to admit solutions of that kind, as well as a systematic way for constructing them for a given theory. We conjecture (and provide strong evidence) that all black holes constructed according to our criteria are completely determined by their mass (non-hairy), and such that their thermodynamic properties can be obtained by solving a system of algebraic equations without free parameters. Our results can be straightforwardly extended to planar and hyperbolic horizons. We illustrate this by obtaining new planar asymptotically $AdS_5$ black hole solutions of the recently constructed Generalized quasitopological gravity [arXiv:1703.01631], which belongs to the class of theories selected by our results.
description: 21 pages; v2: references added
Boundedness-Preserving Implicit Correction of Mesh-Induced Errors for VoF Based Heat and Mass Transfer
Creators: name: Hill, Simon
name: Deising, Daniel
name: Acher, Thomas
name: Klein, Harald
name: Bothe, Dieter
name: Marschall, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spatial discretisation of geometrically complex computational domains often entails unstructured meshes of general topology for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Mesh skewness is then typically encountered causing severe deterioration of the formal order of accuracy of the discretisation, or boundedness of the solution, or both. Particularly methods inherently relying on the accurate and bounded transport of sharp fields suffer from all types of mesh-induced skewness errors, namely both non-orthogonality and non-conjunctionality errors. This work is devoted to a boundedness-preserving strategy to correct for skewness errors arising from discretisation of advection and diffusion terms within the context of interfacial heat and mass transfer based on the Volume-of-Fluid methodology. The implementation has been accomplished using a second-order finite volume method with support for unstructured meshes of general topology. We examine and advance suitable corrections for the finite volume discretisation of a consistent single-field model, where both accurate and bounded transport due to diffusion and advection is crucial. In order to ensure consistency of both the volume fraction and the species concentration transport, i.e. to avoid artificial heat or species transfer, corrections are studied for both cases. The cross interfacial jump and adjacent sharp gradients of species concentration render the correction for skewness-induced diffusion and advection errors additionally demanding and has not so far been addressed in the literature.
Explaining the $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$ anomalies
Creators: name: Ghosh, Diptimoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent LHCb results on $R_{K^*}$, the ratio of the branching fractions of $B \to K^* μ^+ μ^-$ to that of $B \to K^* e^+ e^-$, for the dilepton invariant mass bins $q^2 \equiv m_{\ell\ell}^2 = [0.045 - 1.1]$ GeV$^2$ and $[1.1 - 6]$ GeV$^2$ show approximately $2.5 σ$ deviations from the corresponding Standard Model prediction in each of the bins. This, when combined with the measurement of $R_K \, (q^2=[1-6]\, \rm GeV^2)$, a similar ratio for the decay to a pseudo scalar meson, highly suggests for lepton non-universal new physics in semi-leptonic $B$ meson decays. In this work, we perform a model independent analysis of these potential new physics signals and identify the operators that do the best job in satisfying all these measurements. We show that heavy new physics, giving rise to $q^2$ independent local 4-Fermi operators of scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector or axial-vector type, is unable to explain all the three measurements simultaneously, in particular $R_{K^*}$ in the bin [0.045 - 1.1], within their experimental $1σ$ regions. We point out the possibility to explain $R_{K^*}$ in the low bin by an additional light ($\lesssim 20 \, \rm MeV$) vector boson with appropriate coupling strengths to ($\bar b \, s$) and ($\bar e \, e$).
description: Few clarifying comments added. Version to appear in EPJC
Supplementary document for Mechanoluminescence of ZnS: Cu@Al2O3 enabled optical fiber microlens passive tactile sensor for hardness recognition - 7157572.pdf
Creators: name: Dai, Penghui
name: cong, zhicheng
name: jiang, hong
name: Jiang, Chunlei
name: chen, pengyi
name: sun, yu
name: Dong, Taiji
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Fig.S1 and S2
Quasi-continuous variable quantum computation with collective spins in multi-path interferometers
Creators: name: Opatrny, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective spins of large atomic samples trapped inside optical resonators can carry quantum information that can be processed in a way similar to quantum computation with continuous variables. It is shown here that by combining the resonators in multi-path interferometers one can realize coupling between different samples, and that polynomial Hamiltonians can be constructed by repeated spin rotations and twisting induced by dispersive interaction of the atoms with light. Application can be expected in efficient simulation of quantum systems.
description: 5 pages paper + 7 supplemenal info; new version with more detailed explanations published in PRL
A Resistive CAM Processing-in-Storage Architecture for DNA Sequence Alignment
Creators: name: Kaplan, Roman
name: Yavits, Leonid
name: Ginosar, Ran
name: Weiser, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A novel processing-in-storage (PRinS) architecture based on Resistive CAM (ReCAM) is described and proposed for Smith-Waterman (S-W) sequence alignment. The ReCAM massively-parallel compare operation finds matching base-pairs in a fixed number of cycles, regardless of sequence length. The ReCAM PRinS S-W algorithm is simulated and compared to FPGA, Xeon Phi and GPU-based implementations, showing at least 4.7x higher throughput and at least 15x lower power dissipation.
MPEC 2023-R139 : 2023 RW4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RW4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Efficient simulations of large scale structure in modified gravity cosmologies with comoving Lagrangian acceleration
Creators: name: Valogiannis, Georgios
name: Bean, Rachel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement an adaptation of the COLA approach, a hybrid scheme that combines Lagrangian perturbation theory with an N-body approach, to model non-linear collapse in chameleon and symmetron modified gravity models. Gravitational screening is modeled effectively through the attachment of a suppression factor to the linearized Klein-Gordon equations. The adapted COLA approach is benchmarked, with respect to an N-body code both for the $Λ$CDM scenario and for the modified gravity theories. It is found to perform well in the estimation of the dark matter power spectra, with consistency of 1 % to $k\sim2.5$ h/Mpc. Redshift space distortions are shown to be effectively modeled through a Lorentzian parameterization with a velocity dispersion fit to the data. We find that COLA performs less well in predicting the halo mass functions, but has consistency, within $1σ$ uncertainties of our simulations, in the relative changes to the mass function induced by the modified gravity models relative to $Λ$CDM. The results demonstrate that COLA, proposed to enable accurate and efficient, non-linear predictions for $Λ$CDM, can be effectively applied to a wider set of cosmological scenarios, with intriguing properties, for which clustering behavior needs to be understood for upcoming surveys such as LSST, DESI, Euclid and WFIRST.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. Updated to match version published in PRD
Strong lensing analysis of Abell 2744 with MUSE and Hubble Frontier Fields images
Creators: name: Mahler, G.
name: Richard, J.
name: Clément, B.
name: Lagattuta, D.
name: Schmidt, K.
name: Patrício, V.
name: Soucail, G.
name: Bacon, R.
name: Pello, R.
name: Bouwens, R.
name: Maseda, M.
name: Martinez, J.
name: Carollo, M.
name: Inami, H.
name: Leclercq, F.
name: Wisotzki, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of MUSE observations obtained on the massive Frontier Fields cluster Abell 2744. This new dataset covers the entire multiply-imaged region around the cluster core. We measure spectroscopic redshifts for HST-selected continuum sources together with line emitters blindly detected in the datacube. The combined catalog consists of 514 spectroscopic redshifts (with 414 new identifications), including 156 cluster members and 326 magnified background sources. We use this redshift information to perform a strong-lensing analysis of all multiple images previously found in the deep Frontier Field images, and add three new MUSE-detected multiply-imaged systems with no obvious HST counterpart. The combined strong lensing constraints include a total of 60 systems producing 188 images altogether, out of which 29 systems and 83 images are spectroscopically confirmed, making Abell 2744 one of the most well-constrained clusters to date. A parametric mass model including two cluster-scale components in the core and several group-scale substructures at larger radii accurately reproduces all the spectroscopic multiple systems, reaching an rms of 0.67" in the image plane. Overall, the large number of spectroscopic redshifts gives us a robust model and we estimate the systematics on the mass density and magnification within the cluster core to be typically ~9%.
description: 34 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Full high resolution pdf and other data are available at http://muse-vlt.eu/science/a2744/
HICOSMO - Cosmology with a complete sample of galaxy clusters: II. Cosmological results
Creators: name: Schellenberger, G.
name: Reiprich, T. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth of structure in the Universe is tightly correlated with the cosmological parameters. Galaxy clusters as tracers of the large scale structure are the ideal objects to witness this evolution. The X-ray bright, hot gas in the potential well of a galaxy cluster enables systematic X-ray studies of samples of galaxy clusters to constrain cosmological parameters. HIFLUGCS consists of the 64 X-ray brightest clusters in the Universe, building up a local sample of galaxy clusters. Here we utilize this sample to determine, for the first time, individual hydrostatic mass estimates for all the clusters of the sample and, by making use of the completeness of the sample, we quantify constraints on the two interesting cosmological parameters, OmegaM and sigma8. In paper I we describe the data analysis procedure and compared the individual mass estimates with other references. Now we apply the total hydrostatic and gas mass estimates from the X-ray analysis to a Bayesian cosmological likelihood analysis and leave several parameters free to be constrained. We find OmegaM = 0.30+-0.01 and sigma8 = 0.79+-0.03 (statistical uncertainties, 68% credibility level) using our default analysis strategy combining both, a mass function analysis and the gas mass fraction results. The main sources of biases that we also correct here are (1) the influence of galaxy groups, (2) the hydrostatic mass bias, (3) the extrapolation of the total mass, (4) the theoretical halo mass function and (5) other physical effects. We find that galaxy groups introduce a strong bias, since their number density seems to be over predicted by the halo mass function. On the other hand, baryonic effects as incorporated by recent hydrodynamical simulations do not result in a significant change in the constraints. The total systematic uncertainties (20%) clearly dominate the statistical uncertainties on cosmological parameters.
description: 24 pages, 18 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Tensor Decompositions via Two-Mode Higher-Order SVD (HOSVD)
Creators: name: Wang, Miaoyan
name: Song, Yun S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tensor decompositions have rich applications in statistics and machine learning, and developing efficient, accurate algorithms for the problem has received much attention recently. Here, we present a new method built on Kruskal's uniqueness theorem to decompose symmetric, nearly orthogonally decomposable tensors. Unlike the classical higher-order singular value decomposition which unfolds a tensor along a single mode, we consider unfoldings along two modes and use rank-1 constraints to characterize the underlying components. This tensor decomposition method provably handles a greater level of noise compared to previous methods and achieves a high estimation accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate that our algorithm is robust to various noise distributions and that it performs especially favorably as the order increases.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures