cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Valuing infrastructure investments as portfolios of interdependent real options
Creators: name: Maier, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The value of infrastructure investments is frequently influenced by enormous uncertainty surrounding both exogenous and endogenous factors. At the same time, however, their value is generally driven by much flexibility - i.e. options - with respect to design, financing, construction and operation. Real options analysis aims to pro-actively manage risks by valuing the flexibilities inherent in uncertain investments. Although real options generally occur within portfolios whose value is affected by both exogenous and endogenous uncertainty, most existing valuation approaches focus on single (i.e. individual) options and consider only exogenous uncertainty. In this thesis, we introduce an approach for modelling and approximating the value of portfolios of interdependent real options under exogenous uncertainty, using both influence diagrams and simulation-and-regression. The key features of this approach are that it translates the interdependencies between real options into linear constraints and then integrates these in a portfolio optimisation problem, formulated as a multi-stage stochastic integer programme. To approximate the value of this optimisation problem we present a transparent valuation algorithm based on simulation and parametric regression that explicitly takes into account the state variable's multidimensional resource component. We operationalise this approach using three numerical examples of increasing complexity: an American put option in a simple single-factor setting; a natural resource investment with a switching option in a one-factor setting; and the same investment in a three-factor setting. Subsequently, we demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to evaluate a complex natural resource investment that features both a large portfolio of interdependent real options and four underlying uncertainties. We show how our approach can be used to investigate the way in which the value of that portfolio and its individual real options are affected by the underlying operating margin and the degrees of different uncertainties. Lastly, we extend this approach to include endogenous, decision- and state-dependent uncertainties. We present an efficient valuation algorithm that is more transparent than those used in existing approaches; by exploiting the problem structure it explicitly accounts for the path dependencies of the state variables. The applicability of the extended approach to complex investment projects is illustrated by valuing an urban infrastructure investment. We show the way in which the optimal value of the portfolio and its single, well-defined options are affected by the initial operating revenues, and by the degrees of exogenous and endogenous uncertainty.
Microstructures and corrosion of intermediate level wasteforms fabricated using novel thermal techniques
Creators: name: Hutchison, Charles Allan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Simulant intermediate level waste materials received from Sellafield, 3 produced using Joule heating techniques, and 3 from plasma furnace methods, were characterised and subjected to leaching tests for up to 14 weeks to assess their potential as a waste matrix. Each wasteform was used to simulate a combination of waste surrogates such as plutonium contaminated material, site ion exchange plant waste, high metal content waste, Magnox sludge, asbestos, or pile fuel cladding. Five samples were characterised as glass composite materials, containing a crystalline and glassy portion, with the sixth being characterised as a glass. XRD and EDX analysis were used to identify the crystalline components, revealing a wide array of phases over the six samples such as pigeonite, anorthite, diopside, Cerium-Lanthanum silicate, proto and clino hypersthene, augite, and two glasses from liquid-liquid phase separation. ICP-OES analysis and pH were used to analyse the leachant, and SEM-EDX surface scans and depth profiles for analysis of the wasteform, post corrosion. Results revealed several of the wasteforms to be more than adequate for safe disposal, showing protective corrosion layers or durable crystalline components. However, not all wasteforms were suitable; in particular glass encapsulated metals should not be used as a waste matrix due to the susceptibility of the metal/metal oxide portion to chemical attack.
Tight lower bound on the error exponent of classical-quantum channels
Creators: name: Renes, Joseph M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fundamental quantity of interest in Shannon theory, classical or quantum, is the error exponent of a given channel $W$ and rate $R$: the constant $E(W,R)$ which governs the exponential decay of decoding error when using ever larger optimal codes of fixed rate $R$ to communicate over ever more (memoryless) instances of a given channel $W$. Nearly matching lower and upper bounds are well-known for classical channels. Here I show a lower bound on the error exponent of communication over arbitrary classical-quantum (CQ) channels which matches Dalai's sphere-packing upper bound [IEEE TIT 59, 8027 (2013)] for rates above a critical value, exactly analogous to the case of classical channels. This proves a conjecture made by Holevo in his investigation of the problem [IEEE TIT 46, 2256 (2000)].
 Unlike the classical case, however, the argument does not proceed via a refined analysis of a suitable decoder, but instead by leveraging a bound by Hayashi on the error exponent of the cryptographic task of privacy amplification [CMP 333, 335 (2015)]. This bound is then related to the coding problem via tight entropic uncertainty relations and Gallager's method of constructing capacity-achieving parity-check codes for arbitrary channels. Along the way, I find a lower bound on the error exponent of the task of compression of classical information relative to quantum side information that matches the sphere-packing upper bound of Cheng et al. [IEEE TIT 67, 902 (2021)]. In turn, the polynomial prefactors to the sphere-packing bound found by Cheng et al. may be translated to the privacy amplification problem, sharpening a recent result by Li, Yao, and Hayashi [IEEE TIT 69, 1680 (2023)], at least for linear randomness extractors.
description: v1 :: 14 pages, no figures. This work extends arXiv:2207.08899 to the case of general CQ channels. v2 :: See also independent work by Ke Li and Dong Yang: arXiv:2407.12403
Energy storage at Perovskite interfaces
Creators: name: Davies, Peter
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Thin-film capacitor interfacial effects produce a voltage drop across conductor/dielectric interfaces, equivalent to a small capacitance in series with the larger, bulk, dielectric capacitance. These inhibit maximum charge storage in fixed-voltage devices, such as integrated circuits, and are seen as unhelpful, "dead-layer"' effects. The novel proposal in this research is to deliberately exploit intrinsic interfacial voltage drops to enhance the energy stored in a capacitor. A theory of interfacial energy storage is proposed which identifies maximum dielectric polarisation as a key factor for energy storage. A simple, tight-binding model of dielectric breakdown indicates increased localisation of electronic orbitals at high electric fields. Using a novel algorithm, DFT simulations of slabs were performed using SrRuO₃ as the conductor and SrTiO₃ and PbTiO₃ as dielectrics. These simulated interfacial effects up to an applied external electric field of 24 GV/m, dielectric polarisation of 0.21 C/m², energy storage of 0.06 J/m² per pair of interfaces (equivalent to 3 J/cc), and an interfacial voltage drop of 0.28 V per interface. Research by others suggests a leakage time constant for interfacial storage devices of up to several minutes. On application of a strong external electric field, the slab length changes and the cations and anions in each plane separate, dissociating the position definitions with no electric field from those with a field applied. A novel approach allows definition and calculation of local polarisation changes and voltage drops for half-unit cell regions, using planes with zero net charge on each side. The project also explores ways of optimising interfacial energy storage, and the possibility of using high-polarisation (1.5 C/m²) ferroelectric BiFeO₃ as the dielectric. Follow-on simulations and experimental work are suggested, including methods of constructing real devices.
title:  Effects of Gender Role Socialization and Investments in Human Capital on the Decision of a Woman With Children Under School Age to Work Outside the Home
Creators: name: Edrington, Marion A.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2000

description: The decision of whether or not to work while one's children are under school age is one that is faced by millions of women each year. Using data from the General Social Survey, this study was designed to address the research question: What are the factors that influence the decision of a woman with children under school age to work outside the home full-time, part-time or not at all? The specific effects of gender role socialization and investments in human capital were explored in depth. This study found that both gender role socialization and investments in human capital do have a significant effect on the decision to work while children are under school age. Age was also found to significantly affect the decision but the specific effect was unclear.
Spectroscopic near-field imaging in the mid-infrared
Creators: name: Hart, William
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This thesis focuses on two different approaches of beating the diffraction limit in the mid-infrared. One approach uses scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) to map the optical response of a sample surface with <10 nm resolution. By utilising the recent development of widely tuneable quantum cascade lasers (QCL), this work experimentally investigates two distinct applications. The first maps out the dispersion of plasmons in graphene to determine the local Fermi energy with high accuracy. In addition, novel plasmon focusing phenomena are presented at interfaces between single and bilayer graphene. The second experimental application uses infrared s-SNOM to image, for the first time, the ultrastructure inside individual human cells with ~8 nm resolution. Furthermore, nanoscale infrared spectroscopy is used to map out the location of a clinically relevant anti-cancer drug within a single cell without chemical labelling, for the first time. The final part of this thesis comprises a theoretical study of metamaterial superlenses, which allow for deeply sub-wavelength spatial resolution to be preserved. The insights gained here led to the development of a novel infrared superlens that is shown to improve the distance at which sub-diffraction limited (
Cluster Cores, Gravitational Lensing, and Cosmology
Creators: name: Flores, Ricardo A.
name: Primack, Joel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many multiply--imaged quasars have been found over the years, but none so far with image separation in excess of $8\arcsec$. The absence of such large splittings has been used as a test of cosmological models: the standard Cold Dark Matter model has been excluded on the basis that it predicts far too many large--separation double images. These studies assume that the lensing structure has the mass profile of a singular isothermal sphere. However, such large splittings would be produced by very massive systems such as clusters of galaxies, for which other gravitational lensing data suggest less singular mass profiles. Here we analyze two cases of mass profiles for lenses: an isothermal sphere with a finite core radius (density $ρ\propto (r^2+r_{core}^2)^{-1})$, and a Hernquist profile ($ρ\propto r^{-1}(r+a)^{-3}$). We find that small core radii $r_{core} \sim 30 h^{-1}$ kpc, as suggested by the cluster data, or large $a \gsim 300 h^{-1}$ kpc, as needed for compatibility with gravitational distortion data, would reduce the number of large--angle splittings by an order of magnitude or more. Thus, it appears that these tests are sensitive both to the cosmological model (number density of lenses) and to the inner lens structure, which is unlikely to depend sensitively on the cosmology, making it difficult to test the cosmological models by large--separation quasar lensing until we reliably know the structure of the lenses themselves.
description: 17 pages, uuencoded compressed tarred postscript file including text and 1 figure. To appear in January 20, 1996 issue of ApJ Letters
Additional file 11: of Bivariate genome-wide association analysis strengthens the role of bitter receptor clusters on chromosomes 7 and 12 in human bitter taste
Creators: name: Liang-Dar Hwang
name: Puya Gharahkhani
name: Breslin, Paul
name: Gordon, Scott
name: Zhu, Gu
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Reed, Danielle
name: Wright, Margaret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Figure S2. Univariate GWAS for the perception of (a) PROP solution (n = 1757) and (b) PROP paper (n = 1999). Left part are Manhattan plots displaying the association P-value for each SNP in the genome (displayed as â log10 of the P-value). The red line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold of P = 5.0e-8. Right part are regional plots Âą400kb from the top SNPs on chromosome 7 for PROP solution and chromosome 2 for PROP paper with the gene model below. (DOCX 444 kb)
Nonlinear Alpha Effect in Dynamo Theory
Creators: name: Field, George B.
name: Blackman, Eric G.
name: Chou, Hongsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the standard two-scale theory of the turbulent dynamo coefficient $α$ to include the nonlinear back reaction of the mean field $\bar B$ on the turbulence. We calculate the turbulent emf as a power series in $\bar B$, assuming that the base state of the turbulence ($\bar B=0$) is isotropic, and, for simplicity, that the magnetic diffusivity equals the kinematic viscosity. The power series converges for all $\bar B$, and for the special case that the spectrum of the turbulence is sharply peaked in $k$, our result is proportional to a tabulated function of the magnetic Reynolds number $R_M$ and the ratio $β$ of $\bar B$ (in velocity units) to the rms turbulent velocity $v_0$. For $β\to 0$ (linear regime) we recover the results of Steenbeck et al. (1966) as modified by Pouquet et al. (1976). For $R_M\gg 1$, the usual astrophysical case, $α$ starts to decrease at $β\sim 1$, dropping like $β^{-2}$ as $β\to \infty$. Hence for large $R_M$, $α$ saturates at $\bar B\sim v_0$, as estimated by Kraichnan (1979), rather than at $\bar B\sim R^{-1/2}_Mv_0$, as inferred by Cattaneo and Hughes (1996) from their numerical simulations at $R_M$=100. We plan to carry out simulations with various values of $R_M$ to investigate the discrepency.
description: 41 pages, 1 Postscript figure, accepted for publication to ApJ
Anas sponsa Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas sponsa

description: Anas sponsa [spec. nov.]
A. crista dependente duplici viridi caeruleo alboque varia.
Anas cristatus elegans. Catesb. car. 1. p. 97. t. 97. Edw. av. 101. t. 101.
Anas fusca cristata, ad gulam alba, iride flammea. Brown. jam. 481.
Habitat in America septentrionali.
Crista dependens viridi alboque caerulea, uti & dorsum. Pectus griseum, albo maculatum. Gula alba.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 128, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
A Self-Consistent Dynamical Model for the COBE Detected Galactic Bar
Creators: name: Zhao, HongSheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 3D steady state stellar dynamical model for the Galactic bar is constructed with 485 orbit building blocks using an extension of Schwarzschild technique. The weights of the orbits are assigned using non-negative least square method. The model fits the density profile of the COBE light distribution, the observed solid body stellar rotation curve, the fall-off of minor axis velocity dispersion and the velocity ellipsoid at Baade's window. We show that the model is stable. Maps and tables of observable velocity moments are made for easy comparisons with observation. The model can also be used to set up equilibrium initial conditions for N-body simulations to study stability. The technique used here can be applied to interpret high quality velocity data of external bulges/bars and galactic nuclei.
description: submitted to MNRAS; 37 page AAS latex file with 2 tables and no figures; complete uuencoded compressed PS file with 9 figs is available at ftp://ibm-1.mpa-garching.mpg.de/pub/hsz/cobe_bar_dynamics.uu Hardcopies are available by request
Teleportation of unknown qubit via Star type tripartite states
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Anushree
name: Mandal, Abhijit
name: Roy, Sovik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eylee Jung \textit{et.al}\cite{jung2008} had conjectured that $P_{max}=\frac{1}{2}$ is a necessary and sufficient condition for the perfect two-party teleportation and consequently the Groverian measure of entanglement for the entanglement resource must be $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$. It is also known that prototype $W$ state is not useful for standard teleportation. Agrawal and Pati\cite{pati2006} have successfully executed perfect (standard) teleportation with non-prototype $W$ state. Aligned with Pati's protocol\cite{pati2006} we have considered here $Star$ type tripartite states and have shown that perfect teleportation is suitable with such states. Moreover, we have taken the linear superposition of non-prototype $W$ state and its spin-flipped version and shown that it belongs to $Star$ class. Also, standard teleportation is possible with these states. It is observed that genuine tripartite entanglement is not necessary requirement for a state to be used as a channel for successful standard teleportation. We have also shown that these $Star$ class states are $P_{max}=\frac{1}{4}$ states and their Groverian entanglement is $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$, thus concluding that Jung conjecture is not a necessary condition.
description: Accepted for publication in Quantum Information Processing (Springer Nature)
Designing and modelling bio-inspired discontinuous composites
Creators: name: Henry, Joel Jean
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The exponential increase in the use of composites for structural applications in the past decades comes with a constant need to increase their performance for them to remain an attractive substitute to conventional metals. In particular, despite their lightweight and high specific stiffness and specific strength, composites generally suffer from a lack of damage tolerance. Their brittle nature restrains the use of composites in industry, or at least leads to over-conservative designs. This work aimed at designing and modelling novel discontinuous microstructures, inspired by damage tolerant naturally-occurring discontinuous composites. This was achieved by considering discontinuous hybrid and discontinuous hierarchical microstructures. In a first part, a virtual testing framework was developed to perform virtual testings of non-hybrid and hybrid aligned-fibre discontinuous composites. The virtual framework, made of analytical models combining statistics and micromechanics, captured and explained different effects such as hybrid effects, size effects, and the effect of variability. The models were used to identify microstructures which maximise the strength, failure strain and stiffness of hybrid discontinuous composites. In a second part, hierarchical discontinuous carbon-fibre reinforced polymers were designed, modelled numerically and tested experimentally. They exhibited a stable failure mechanism and dissipated energy stably, before failure, through diffuse damage (unlike most conventional composites). This study also showed that non-self-similar microstructures could achieve better damage tolerance and provide a clearer warning before failure than self-similar microstructures. This work shows the potential for different types of discontinuous composites to overcome the inherent brittleness of conventional composites. The models developed throughout this work can be used to support material design, perform parametric studies and identify optimal designs.
Discrimination of bosonic dephasing quantum channels
Creators: name: Oskouei, Samad Khabbazi
name: Memarzadeh, Laleh
name: Rexiti, Milajiguli
name: Mancini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of discriminating between two bosonic dephasing quantum channels. We show that unambiguous discrimination is not realizable. We then consider discrimination with nonzero error probability and minimize this latter in the absence of input constraints. In the presence of an input energy constraint, we derive an upper bound on the error probability. Finally, we extend these results from single-shot to multi-shot discrimination, envisaging the asymptotic behavior.
Building Laurentia: evidence from P and S-wave teleseismic tomography and SKS splitting in precambrian northern Canada
Creators: name: Liddell, Mitchell Vagn
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The geology of northern Hudson Bay, Canada, spans >3 Ga Earth's history including several Paleoproterozoic orogenies, most notably the Trans-Hudson Orogen (THO). The THO is potentially analogous to the ongoing Himalayan orogen, but whether modern-day-style plate tectonics was responsible is debated. Northern Canada is also an ideal location to study the development of mantle keels: Laurentia's keel underlies both Archean and Proterozoic zones, bringing existing Archean keel-formation hypotheses into question. I explore these issues via teleseismic body-wave tomography and SKS shear-wave splitting analysis of mantle seismic structure. During relative arrival-time analysis, when the network aperture is large (~4000 km), some raypaths retain source-side structure due to subducting oceanic crust and mantle lithosphere waveguides. Mitigation of this source-side influence is essential to avoid travel-time dataset contamination. Final tomographic models reveal complicated internal structure to the Archean Churchill plate and the THO. North-central Hudson Bay is seismically distinct from the THO, consistent with the view that one or more micro-continents were caught between the principle colliders, complicating simple two-plate THO models. Network-wide shear-wave splitting delay times of δt >1 s require a mantle contribution. However, North America has moved too slowly since 50 Ma to create an asthenospheric 'basal drag' anisotropic fabric. Evidence for multi-layered fossil lithospheric anisotropy beneath Archean zones supports episodic development hypotheses for keel formation. Southern Baffin Island is underlain by dipping anisotropic fabrics. When reviewed in light of co-located slow wavespeeds extending north from the Hudson Strait in tomographic models, these data support the view that Paleoproterozoic material underthrust Baffin Island in a modern-style subduction zone setting during the THO.
MOESM1 of Unintended pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women in Arsi Negele Woreda, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Robera Fite
name: Mohammedamin, Abdurahman
name: Tilaye Abebe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Occupation of pregnant women in Arsi Negele Woreda, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, 2017.
Fast ocean data assimilation and forecasting using a neural-network reduced-space regional ocean model of the north Brazil current
Creators: name: Quilodrán Casas, César Andres
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Data assimilation is computationally demanding, typically many times slower than model forecasts. Fast and reliable ocean assimilation methods are attractive for multiple applications such as emergency situations, search and rescue, and oil spills. A novel framework which performs fast data assimilation with sufficient accuracy is proposed for the first time for the open ocean. Speed improvement is achieved by performing the data assimilation on a reduced-space rather than on a full-space. A surface 10km resolution hindcast of the North Brazil current from the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) serves as the full-space state. The target variables are sea surface height, sea surface temperature, and surface currents. A dimension reduction of the full-state is made by an Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis while retaining most of the explained variance. The dynamics are replicated by a state-of-the-art neural network trained on the truncated principal components of the full-state. An Ensemble Kalman filter assimilates the data in the reduced-space, where the trained neural network produces short-range forecasts from perturbed ensembles. The Ensemble Kalman filter of the reduced-space is successful in reducing the root mean squared error by ∼ 45% and increases the correlations between state variables and data. The performance is similar to other full-space data assimilation studies. However, the computations are three to four orders of magnitude faster than for other full-space data assimilation schemes. The forecast of ocean variables is a computationally demanding task in terms of speed and accuracy. This framework manages to create fast forecasts in ∼ 30 seconds, once data have been assimilated. The forecasts are obtained using the trained neural network. We performed additional experiments using data and forecasts from July 2015 and January 2016. The analysis and forecasts in our framework yield a higher skill score and high spatial correlation when compared to the operational dataset Global Ocean Physics Analysis and Forecast by the UK MetOffice. Forcing the neural network with 10 m surface winds in order to improve the total surface currents forecast was considered. There is no additional skill in the forecasts using wind forcing because of the low Ekman component compared to the dominant geostrophic currents. The reduced model approach could be a useful tool when full physics regional models are not available to make a forecast.
Pulsating flow phenomena in exhaust manifolds
Creators: name: Nikita, Christina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of pressure losses predictions from 1-D gas dynamics models through the experimental study of the pressure wave action, the interference of flow pulses amongst cylinders and the turbulent structures established in the exhaust manifold flow. These phenomena have an effect on the exergy levels available at the end of the manifold and, in the case of turbocharged engines, they reduce the amount of energy in the exhaust gases that can be translated into useful work. The evaluation of the accuracy of 1-D pressure loss models was done by reference to results from a newly developed experimental apparatus which used pressurised air at ambient temperature. The setup incorporated poppet valves that allowed the generation of pressure pulses to propagate through a model T60o manifold. The downstream end of the manifold was altered between open and 20% and 42% restricted ends; the latter two by the use of orifice plates. Static pressure measurements were obtained across the junction area for open end and restricted manifold end cases, at a range of engine speeds (950-2000rpm) and load points. The parametric studies focused on the investigation of the behaviour of the acoustic waves under a spectrum of different conditions. Velocity measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were also obtained in the junction and outlet duct in the plane of symmetry of the T60o manifold. The velocity measurements were used to evaluate the contribution of the acceleration of the bulk flow, the diffusion losses and the acoustic phenomena to the static pressure losses measured. An analysis of the predictions of two 1D software packages (Gasdyn and GTPower) was also performed by reference to the pressure measurements. Finally, the evaluation was extended by reference to CFD simulations (OpenFOAM) of pulsating flow in T and Y manifolds.
Comment on Viscous Stability of Relativistic Keplerian Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Moderski, R.
name: Czerny, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently Ghosh (1998) reported a new regime of instability in Keplerian accretion disks which is caused by relativistic effects. This instability appears in the gas pressure dominated region when all relativistic corrections to the disk structure equations are taken into account. We show that he uses the stability criterion in completely wrong way leading to inappropriate conclusions. We perform a standard stability analysis to show that no unstable region can be found when the relativistic disk is gas pressure dominated.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, uses aasms4.sty, submitted for ApJ Letters
A Consistent Microlensing Model for the Galactic Bar
Creators: name: Zhao, HongSheng
name: Rich, R. M.
name: Spergel, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute a microlensing map for the Galactic bar. The predicted event rate and event duration distribution are consistent with the $55$ events recently reported by the MACHO and OGLE collaborations. Most of the events are due to lensing by stars in the near end of the bar. Lens mass functions with about 30-60\% of lens mass as brown dwarfs are rejected at $2-6σ$ levels. To make our model useful for other workers, we tabulate the bar's optical depth and average event duration (scaled to $1M_\odot$ lenses) on a grid of Galactic coordinates. The distance and the proper motions of the lens and the source are derived from a consistent dynamical model of the stellar bar, which has originally been built to fit data on the stellar light and stellar/gas kinematics of the bar. We explore several alternative models and we find that our standard model best matches observations.
description: submitted to MNRAS; 15 page with 2 tables and 3 figures in uuencoded compressed PS file. Also available at ftp://ibm-1.mpa-garching.mpg.de/pub/hsz/new_len_mod.uu
Structural and catalytic studies on novel copper complexes
Creators: name: Zelenay, Benjamin Sylvester
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Transition metal complexes and their chemistry are providing synthetic chemists and the chemical industry with simpler and less tedious synthetic procedures but also opened endless doors to new synthetic transformations that had been thought impossible. The main advantage of transition metal chemistry is that these complexes are often used in substoichiometric amounts to perform the desired reaction. Other benefits such as high atom efficiency or fewer amount of by-products are often observed as well. Despite all these advantages, the commonly utilised transition metals are either expensive, toxic, and/or prospected from politically unstable regions. Copper, a less toxic and economical transition metal, circumvents these downsides. The first Chapter outlines a brief overview of Schiff bases and their utilisation in transition metal chemistry including a discussion on diazabutadiene (DAB) and iminopyridine (ImPy) ligands, their complexes, and their reported applications. Furthermore, it includes the accounts for the preparation of DAB and ImPy ligands and their novel copper(I) complexes. The characterisation and X-ray structures of these complexes and in depth studies into the solution behaviour of [Cu(DAB)] complexes are discussed as well. The second Chapter outlines an introduction to the chemistry of amines. It gives a brief overview over their importance in chemistry and their preparation, and a focus on the synthesis of primary amines from azide precursors. Furthermore, the utilisation of amines in the hydroamination reaction is reviewed and the application of copper(I) complexes in the literature is examined. In Chapter 3, results of our successful attempts to exploit [Cu(DAB)] in the reduction of aryl azides are presented. In addition, computational studies are included to introduce the proposed reaction mechanism. The fourth Chapter includes our efforts to apply the prepared copper(I) complexes in the intra- and intermolecular hydroamination reaction of primary and secondary amines to a variety of carbon–carbon unsaturated bonds. The preparation for the various starting materials and the isolation of their corresponding products is discussed. The fifth Chapter provides a summary and the general conclusions of our studies and the final Chapter contains all experimental procedures and characterisation data for all compounds synthesised during this project.
Patient-specific simulation environment for surgical planning and preoperative rehearsal
Creators: name: Camara, Mafalda
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Surgical simulation is common practice in the fields of surgical education and training. Numerous surgical simulators are available from commercial and academic organisations for the generic modelling of surgical tasks. However, a simulation platform is still yet to be found that fulfils the key requirements expected for patient-specific surgical simulation of soft tissue, with an effective translation into clinical practice. Patient-specific modelling is possible, but to date has been time-consuming, and consequently costly, because data preparation can be technically demanding. This motivated the research developed herein, which addresses the main challenges of biomechanical modelling for patient-specific surgical simulation. A novel implementation of soft tissue deformation and estimation of the patient-specific intraoperative environment is achieved using a position-based dynamics approach. This modelling approach overcomes the limitations derived from traditional physically-based approaches, by providing a simulation for patient-specific models with visual and physical accuracy, stability and real-time interaction. As a geometrically- based method, a calibration of the simulation parameters is performed and the simulation framework is successfully validated through experimental studies. The capabilities of the simulation platform are demonstrated by the integration of different surgical planning applications that are found relevant in the context of kidney cancer surgery. The simulation of pneumoperitoneum facilitates trocar placement planning and intraoperative surgical navigation. The implementation of deformable ultrasound simulation can assist surgeons in improving their scanning technique and definition of an optimal procedural strategy. Furthermore, the simulation framework has the potential to support the development and assessment of hypotheses that cannot be tested in vivo. Specifically, the evaluation of feedback modalities, as a response to user-model interaction, demonstrates improved performance and justifies the need to integrate a feedback framework in the robot-assisted surgical setting.
Anas arborea Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas arborea

description: Anas arborea [spec. nov.]
A. grisea, capite subcristato, abdomine albo nigroque maculato.
Anas fistularis rufus, rostro nigro, occidentalis. Edw. av. 193. t. 193.
Anas fistularis arboribus insidens. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 324. t. 272. Raj. av. 192.
Habitat in America.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 128, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 10: of Bivariate genome-wide association analysis strengthens the role of bitter receptor clusters on chromosomes 7 and 12 in human bitter taste
Creators: name: Liang-Dar Hwang
name: Puya Gharahkhani
name: Breslin, Paul
name: Gordon, Scott
name: Zhu, Gu
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Reed, Danielle
name: Wright, Margaret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S9. Phenotypic and genetic variance in the perceived intensity of quinine, caffeine, sucrose octaacetate (SOA) and denatonium benzoate (DB) explained by rs10772420, rs2597979, rs67487380 and rs10261515. (DOCX 51 kb)
New Parametrizations of Non-Gaussian Line-of-sight Velocity Distribution
Creators: name: Zhao, HongSheng
name: Prada, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A five-parameter fitting formula for the line-of-sight stellar velocity distributions of steady state systems is proposed. It can faithfully reproduce velocity distributions of theoretical models ranging from nearly Gaussian profiles to strongly skewed or mildly double-peaked profiles. In contrast to van der Marel and Franx (1993) and Kuijken and Merrifield (1993), the line profiles are required to have neither multi-peaks nor negative velocity wings. Information of the profile is mostly specified by five physically meaningful and nearly orthogonal fitting parameters.
description: submitted to MNRAS; 22 pages with 3 tables and 8 figures in uuencoded compressed PS file. Also available at ftp://ibm-1.mpa-garching.mpg.de/pub/hsz/profile.uu
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome V, Cart. 189 (11 H 74), 316 folios, f. 0201r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome V, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 189 (11 H 74), 316 folios, f. 0201r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome V, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 189 (11 H 74), 316 folios, f. 0201r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
From action analysis to the theory of thinking
Creators: name: Malanov S., V.
Publisher: name: Теоретичні дослідження у психології
Year: 2024
Subjects: thinking
generalizations
interdisciplinary connections and relationships
sign-symbolic means
subject-related practical and mental actions

description: In psychology, the spontaneously formed hypothesis about the existence of special thinking processes as intraorganismal (intracerebral) processes continues to prevail. Such hypothetical processes, in turn, are attempted to be explained on the basis of modeling the processes of “extracting and processing information.” There is an alternative approach. When, in the operational composition of objective actions, methods of establishing interdisciplinary relations and connections are abstracted with subsequent analysis of the transfer of such methods to new objective conditions (generalization processes), then phenomena and facts that are traditionally attributed to the processes (functions) of thinking are explained. It is shown how “thinking processes” are built between the organism and the objective conditions of the environment (the surrounding world), to which objective activity is selectively directed. Physiological and neurophysiological functions are adjusted to new methods of objective activity. At the same time, the formation and development of mental actions, as well as mastering various ways of establishing relationships and connections in their composition, are inextricably linked with mastering the ways of using linguistic and sign-symbolic means.
Economic, process and reservoir modelling for evaluating large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage
Creators: name: Kolster, Clea
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology for least-cost climate change mitigation, but its deployment rate is significantly slower than projected. This thesis provides novel, quantitative insight into the myriad of risks associated with CCS and provides pragmatic solutions to the development of large-scale CCS from multiple angles. Using the financial metrics that inform private sector investments, this work shows that lack of investor confidence adds a large risk premium to the cost of CCS, contributing 40-70% of its cost. Lowering perceived risk is found to provide a more significant cost reduction than technological innovation would (e.g. with better solvents for capture). Reduced risk could result from governments acting as a `loan guarantor' in the event of CO2 transport and storage failing to meet demand. The value of the oil market, CO2 storage credits, and technological learning on the deployment rate of CCS are assessed through the development of MIICE, a model of iterative investment in CCS with CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). With a highly detailed representation of cost metrics, financing, the CO2-EOR process and characteristics for thousands of fields, MIICE demonstrates that even with an increasing storage credit (starting at 25$/tCO2), technological learning available and oil prices below 85$/bbl, CCS deployment with CO2-EOR revenue is not lucrative enough to trigger gigatonnes worth of investment by mid-century. With a UK example, the impact of CCS deployment and operation scenarios on reservoir behavior is assessed by simulating varying CO2 injection rates, in their frequency and amplitude, into a geological reservoir model of the UK's main storage sink: the Bunter Sandstone saline aquifer. This work demonstrates the resilience of the storage sink to such variations and provides evidence for accurately representing CO2 storage in energy systems models. By developing detailed process models of four variations of CO2 compression and purification units (CPUs), the potential for an accommodating capture process, in its cost and product purity, is exhibited. Considering a multi-source to sink approach, this result is used to demonstrate the value of a transport network in reducing total system cost i.e., of a group of capture plants. The value of shared capture infrastructure in reducing total capture cost for multiple point sources is also demonstrated. This body of work demonstrates the importance of commercial innovation and a holistic view of CCS in order to achieve its large-scale deployment. The public-sector can play a key role in enabling this with: greater focus on policies eliminating the cross-chain risk of CCS, stronger incentives for CO2 market development, measures to improve public perception and representation of CO2 storage, and schemes attributing greater value to multi-project CCS development rather than individual, isolated projects.
Logarithmic mathematical morphology: a new framework adaptive to illumination changes
Creators: name: Noyel, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A new set of mathematical morphology (MM) operators adaptive to illumination changes caused by variation of exposure time or light intensity is defined thanks to the Logarithmic Image Processing (LIP) model. This model based on the physics of acquisition is consistent with human vision. The fundamental operators, the logarithmic-dilation and the logarithmic-erosion, are defined with the LIP-addition of a structuring function. The combination of these two adjunct operators gives morphological filters, namely the logarithmic-opening and closing, useful for pattern recognition. The mathematical relation existing between ``classical'' dilation and erosion and their logarithmic-versions is established facilitating their implementation. Results on simulated and real images show that logarithmic-MM is more efficient on low-contrasted information than ``classical'' MM.
A Deep Survey of HI-Selected Galaxies: The HI Mass Function
Creators: name: Schneider, Stephen E.
name: Spitzak, John G.
name: Rosenberg, Jessica L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the distribution of galaxy HI masses detected in a large, deep HI survey conducted at the Arecibo observatory, and we find possible evidence of a faint-end steepening of the mass function similar to what has been found optically. This is the first HI survey with enough dynamic range to see this steepening; the results of an earlier survey are found to be consistent when the detection statistics are re-examined. We demonstrate a technique for testing and correcting source count completeness in HI surveys based on the V/V_max test and the large scale structure in the regions surveyed.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, to be published in ApJ Letters