cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cyclosternum Ausserer 1871
Creators: name: Dupérré, Nadine
name: Tapia, Elicio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theraphosidae
Cyclosternum

description: Cyclosternum Ausserer, 1871
Type species. Cyclosternum schmardae Ausserer, 1871
Composition. C. familiare (Simon, 1889), C. garbei (Mello-Leitão, 1923), C. gaujoni Simon, 1889, C. janthinum (Simon, 1889), C. kochi (Ausserer, 1871), C. ledezmae (Vol, 2001), C. palomeranum West, 2000, C. rufohirtum (Simon, 1889),
C. schmardae Ausserer, 1871, C. spinopalpus (Schaefer, 1996), C. viridimonte Valerio, 1982.
Distribution. America: Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay and Venezuela.
description: Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine & Tapia, Elicio, 2021, The endless search for type specimens; illustrations of eleven spider (Araneae Mygalomorphae) species described by Eugène Simon, pp. 259-282 in Zootaxa 4951 (2) on page 275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4664047
Andrioplecta shoreae Komai 1992
Creators: name: Lv, Jinmei
name: Sun, Yinghui
name: Li, Houhun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Andrioplecta
Andrioplecta shoreae

description: Andrioplecta shoreae Komai, 1992
(Figs. 5, 10, 16)
Andrioplecta shoreae Komai, 1992: 173. Type locality: Borneo (Sabah, Sandakan). Holotype (♂): OPU.
Material examined. Guangxi: 3 ♂, 2 ♀, Qingshan Forest Farm, Pingxiang, 300 m, 22.vii.2011, leg. Bingbing Hu. Hainan: 1 ♀, Jianfengling, 940 m, 6.vi.2007, leg. Zhiwei Zhang and Weichun Li.
Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 5) with wingspan 10.0−13.0 mm. The forewing of A. shoreae, with a short black submedian patch, is extremely similar to that of A. pulverula (Meyrick, 1912), but A. shoreae can be distinguished by the S-shaped aedeagus in the male genitalia (Fig. 10) and the wide membranous ductus bursae in the female genitalia (Fig. 16). In A. pulverula the aedeagus is nearly straight, and the ductus bursae is narrowly sclerotized.
Hosts. The larvae utilize mainly plants in Dipterocarpaceae: Anisoptera, Dipterocarpus baudii, Shorea curtisii, S. densiflora, S. macrophylla, S. parvifolia, S. platyclados, S. robusta (seeds and seedlings) (Komai 1999).
Distribution. China (Guangxi, Hainan), Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand (Komai 1999). Remarks. This species is recorded for the first time from China.
description: Published as part of Lv, Jinmei, Sun, Yinghui & Li, Houhun, 2014, Review of the genus Andrioplecta Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) from China, pp. 487-493 in Zootaxa 3760 (3) on pages 492-493, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3760.3.16, http://zenodo.org/record/228033
Euphorbia annamarieae Rauh
Creators: name: Castillon, Jean-Philippe
name: Castillon, Jean-Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia
Euphorbia annamarieae

description: Euphorbia annamarieae Rauh in Euphorbia J. 7: 21. 1991.
Lectotypus (hic designatus): [MADAGASCAR]: [cultivé au Jardin botanique de Heidelberg provenant d’une plante récoltée le 31.X.1961 dans les forêts côtières de Fort-Dauphin], VI.1990, Rauh & Buchloh 7557 (HEID [HEID204072 spirit] image vue; isolecto-: HEID [HEID 204129 spirit] image vue).
Notes. – Quatre échantillons conservés à Heidelberg correspondent à la récolte Rauh & Buchloh 7557. Deux de ces échantillons conservés en herbier ([HEID702496, HEID702497]) ont été réalisés lors de la collecte de la plante le 31.X.1961 (et non le 10.VI.1961 comme indiqué dans le protologue) (WRHP, 2019; voir Koch, 2013). Ils ne correspondent pas à E. annamarieae mais bien à E. lophogona Lam. (feuilles spatulées, épines courtes, soudées, formant 5 crêtes frangées continues, incyathescences de 2–8 cyathes, larges cyathophylles arrondis). Ces échantillons sont donc à exclure pour la typification de E. annamarieae selon l’ICN (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 9.11, 9.14).
Deux autres échantillons sont conservés en alcool ([HEID204072, HEID204129]). Ils ont été réalisés sur la plante cultivée au Jardin botanique d'Heidelberg en Juin 1990 comme indiqué sur l’étiquette de l’échantillon HEID204129. Ces deux collections correspondent à la description et aux photos de E. annamarieae (feuilles allongées lancéolées, épines longues, densément disposées mais non soudées, incyathescences de 8–64 cyathes, cyathophylles plus petits à extrémité acuminée) et sont désignées ici comme lectotypes.
L’échantillon HEID204129 est numéroté 7547 qui correspond à une autre récolte d’euphorbe selon le carnet de récoltes de Rauh: «7547 Euphorbia stenoclada Trockenwald Fort-Dauphin km 436 28.10.1961 » (WRHP, 2019). Il s’agit donc d’une erreur de numérotation de Rauh lors de la récolte de la plante cultivée à corriger en 7557.
La longue période de 30 ans entre la collecte des herbiers sur le terrain et les préparations en alcool issues du Jardin botanique de Heidelberg démontre que E. annamarieae est la description d’une plante cultivée. L’origine exacte de E. annamarieae est difficile à déterminer. Une hybridation au Jardin botanique de Heidelberg n’est pas à exclure, pas plus qu’un mélange de deux différentes euphorbes sous le même numéro 7557 lors de la récolte originale en 1961. Nous considérons donc E. annamarieae comme douteux.
description: Published as part of Castillon, Jean-Philippe & Castillon, Jean-Bernard, 2019, Nouveautés taxonomiques et nomenclaturales dans le genre Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 159-167 in Candollea 74 (2) on pages 165-167, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5683727
Andrioplecta suboxystaura Komai 1992
Creators: name: Lv, Jinmei
name: Sun, Yinghui
name: Li, Houhun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Andrioplecta
Andrioplecta suboxystaura

description: Andrioplecta suboxystaura Komai, 1992
(Figs. 6, 11)
Andrioplecta suboxystaura Komai, 1992: 161. Type locality: Thailand (Nakhon Nayok Province, Khao Yai). Holotype (♂): OPU.
Material examined. Henan: 1 ♂, Lingshansi, Luoshan County, 350 m, 23.v.2000, leg. Haili Yu; 3 ♂, Mt. Wangwu, Jiyuan County, 800−1100 m, 28−30.vii.2006, leg. Hui Zhen and Denghui Kuang. Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 6) with wingspan 12.0−15.0 mm. Andrioplecta suboxystaura is characterized by the forewing pattern which features a dorsal blotch formed by four gray lines. It is very close to A. oxystaura (Meyrick, 1935) in genital structures. The differences between them are noted under the latter species. Distribution. China (Henan), Thailand.
Remarks. This species is recorded for the first time from China.
description: Published as part of Lv, Jinmei, Sun, Yinghui & Li, Houhun, 2014, Review of the genus Andrioplecta Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) from China, pp. 487-493 in Zootaxa 3760 (3) on page 493, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3760.3.16, http://zenodo.org/record/228033
Mesopodagrion
Creators: name: Yu, Xin
name: Bu, Wenjun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Megapodagrionidae
Mesopodagrion

description: Key to species and subspecies for Mesopodagrion
1 Rear of head black (Fig. 3 a); antehumeral stripe broken at the upper end (Fig. 4 a); basal half of cerci in dorsal view dilated, twice as wide as distal half (Figs. 8–10); Bifurcate process shorter than 1/2 length of S10, outer margin concave, smooth (Figs. 5 a, 8–10); apical lobes of genital ligula bifurcate at base (Fig. 1, d & e). ........... M. yachowensis
- Rear of head pale or at least pale at upper border (Fig. 3 b, c); antehumeral stripe complete or interrupted at upper end (Fig. 4 b–d); basal half of cerci in dorsal view as wide as, or slightly wider than distal half; bifurcate process not shorter than 1/2 length of S10, outer margin inflectional or arched and smooth (Figs. 5 b–d, 11–15); apical lobes of genital ligula bifurcate distal to base (Fig. 2, d & e) (M. tibetanum)............................................................................ 2
2 Pale occipital bar present (Fig. 4 b); only upper border of rear of head pale (Fig. 3 b); bifurcate process foot-like in latero-ventral view (Fig. 18), outer margin inflectional, not smooth (Figs. 5 b; 11). .............................. M. t. tibetanum
- Pale occipital bar absent (Fig. 4 c, d); rear of head entirely pale (Fig. 3 c); bifurcate process not foot-like in lateroventral view (Fig. 19), outer margin arched and smooth (Figs. 5 c–d, 12–15)........................... M. t. australe ssp. nov
description: Published as part of Yu, Xin & Bu, Wenjun, 2009, A Revision of Mesopodagrion McLachlan, 1896 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Megapodagrionidae), pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2202 on page 61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189645
Mesopodagrion tibetanum McLachlan 1896
Creators: name: Yu, Xin
name: Bu, Wenjun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Megapodagrionidae
Mesopodagrion
Mesopodagrion tibetanum

description: Mesopodagrion tibetanum McLachlan, 1896
Remarks. As discussed in the introduction, the male and female syntypes of Mesopodagrion tibetanum in BMNH represent two different species. In order to preserve current usage of the name we here designate the syntype male as lectotype. We have informed the curator of the Odonata collection, David Goodger, of this and have asked him to apply the following lectotype label to the male: " Mesopodagrion tibetanum McLachlan, 1896 / LECTOTYPE des. Xin Yu & Wenjun Bu, 2009." The lectotype male is the type species for Mesopodagrion and its type locality is Moupin, now in Sichuan province, China. Curiously, Kimmins (1970) did not list this species in his type catalog. Fraser's (1933) account should apply to Mesopodagrion tibetanum but Fraser neglected to illustrate or discuss the unique bifurcate process although cerci and genital ligula were correctly figured. None of our specimens was consistent with the wing vein pattern illustrated by Fraser (1933), i.e. ‘two rows of cells between Cuii and IA near their terminations’. His supposition that pale color on living male was blue was correct based on our field work. This species usually has pruinosity onS9–10. Based on distinct differences between populations from Sichuan and Yunnan we have divided them into two subspecies as follows.
description: Published as part of Yu, Xin & Bu, Wenjun, 2009, A Revision of Mesopodagrion McLachlan, 1896 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Megapodagrionidae), pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2202 on page 61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189645
Pseudothroscus Muona 2019, new genus
Creators: name: Muona, Jyrki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Throscidae
Pseudothroscus

description: Pseudothroscus new genus
Type species: Pseudothroscus balticus new species
Diagnosis. Elateroidea synapomorphy: pro-mesothoracic joint with clicking mechanism.
Throscidae synapomorphies: a2 as wide as a3 and a4, antennal grooves running along notosternal suture and bending laterally along proleg cavity.
Synapomorphies of clade Throscidae without Jaira: metasternal discrimen absent, metacoxae with posteriorly projecting median apex.
Diagnostic other characters: pronotal lateral carinae complete, head without median carina, eyes large, antennal insertions located in fossae, antennal grooves posteriorly partly separated from proleg impressions by septum, pro- and mesoleg impressions only faintly indicated, tibiae simple, slender.
None of the characters used in the analysis turned out to be apomorphies for Pseudothroscus.
Pseudothroscus and Potergosoma share several plesiomorphies: complete lateral pronotal carinae, no tarsal grooves, simple t4, simple tibiae, poorly developed pro-mesoleg impressions, antennal fossae and strong serial elytral punctures. Pseudothroscus lacks the Potergosoma apomorphies (reduced eyes, strong frontal keel) and has unique delicate ridges around the antennal fossae. This combination of characters places it in a genus of its own.
Description. Body fairly elongate, flattened, venter convex, dorsum somewhat less so (Fig. 4). Head with small antennal fossae, these with delicate ridges, frontoclypeus small, wide and short, front margin slightly arched, eyes large, labrum well sclerotized, fairly large (Fig. 5). Antennae slender, all antennomeres longer than wide, a2 as wide as a3 and a4, a9–a11 forming a club (Fig. 5). Prosternum apically parallel-sided, sides diverging rectilinearily posteriorly, lateral carniae complete, apex quite narrow, rounded, anterior edge produced ventrally, curved (Fig. 5). Antennal grooves partly separated from proleg impressions by septum, pro- and mesoleg impressions only faintly indicated, metathorax and abdomen without tarsal grooves. Elytral striae wide, deep, with large punctures, interstices slightly convex (Fig. 4). Tibiae simple, without tarsal grooves, tarsi delicate, t4 simple.
Etymology. Superficially similar to Trixagus, Throscus being its junior synonym previously in wide use.
description: Published as part of Muona, Jyrki, 2019, Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species, pp. 521-543 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on pages 527-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3715772
Heterothele Karsch 1879
Creators: name: Dupérré, Nadine
name: Tapia, Elicio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theraphosidae
Heterothele

description: Heterothele Karsch, 1879
Type species. Heterothele honesta Karsch, 1879
Distribution. Africa: Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Nigeria and Tanzania. America: Argentina.
description: Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine & Tapia, Elicio, 2021, The endless search for type specimens; illustrations of eleven spider (Araneae Mygalomorphae) species described by Eugène Simon, pp. 259-282 in Zootaxa 4951 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4664047
Mesopodagrion tibetanum subsp. australe Yu & Bu, 2009, ssp. nov.
Creators: name: Yu, Xin
name: Bu, Wenjun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Megapodagrionidae
Mesopodagrion
Mesopodagrion tibetanum
Mesopodagrion tibetanum australe

description: Mesopodagrion tibetanum australe ssp. nov.
Mesopodagrion tibetanum: Lieftinck, 1948: 7, “ Burma, China (Shaanxi)” (in part); Asahina, 1955: 130 –133, figs. 1–6, “ Burma, China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Yunnan)” (in part); SUI & SUN, 1986: 294 –295, Fig. 201, “ Burma, China (Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang)” (in part); Chao, 1987: 112, 120; “ Burma, China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)” (in part).
Materials. Holotype: 3, China, Yunnan, Yuanjiang, Nanxi, 2100m, 20-VII-2006, Xin Yu leg. (NKUM); Paratypes: 1 3, China, Yunnan, Mt. Ailao, Xujiaba, 8-V-1984, Leyi Zheng leg. (NKUM); 1 3, 2 Ƥ, China, Yunnan, Dali, 20-VI-2005, Benyong Mao leg. (NKUM); 3 3, China, Yunnan, Lijiang, Mt. Yulong, 15-VI- 1998, Wenjun Bu leg. (NKUM); 1 3, China, Yunnan, Lijiang, Mt. Yulong, 2700m, 14-VIII-1979, Zuopei Ling leg. (NKUM); 2 3, 1 Ƥ, China, Sichuan, Luding, Mt. Gongga, 16-VI-1993, Yang Bing leg. (CUMZ); 3 3, 1 Ƥ, China, Yunnan, 1918, G. Forrest leg. (BMNH); 2 Ƥs, Upper Burma, Seinghku Valley, 5000’, 17-V- 1926, Ward leg. (BMNH); 1 3, China, Yunnan, 1918, G. Forrest leg. (CUMZ).
Etymology. The subspecific name refers to the more southerly distribution for this subspecies compared to that of the nominotypical subspecies.
Description. Male. Similar to M. t.tibetanum, but differs as follows: pale occipital bar absent (Fig. 4 c, d), Rear of head entirely pale (Fig. 3 c); antehumeral stripe narrow (about 1/3 width of mesepimeron), complete, sometimes interrupted near upper end (Fig. 4 c, d); S10 and appendages black, latero-ventrally pale (Fig. 5 f, h); bifurcate process almost as long as 1/2 width of S10, outer margin arched, smooth, black or sometimes pale, hemline of bifurcate process more than 1/3 width of S10, but not to 1/2 (Figs. 5 c, d, 12–14).
Female. Similar to male by color pattern but slightly shorter in body length and more robust. Antehumeral stripes broader than in male; S10 pale laterally; ovipositor pale dorsally beyond level of S10 (Fig. 6 c).
Distribution. A more southerly species than M. yachowensis occurring in mountainous areas southern China from central Sichuan (apparently sympatric with M. yachowensis there), south through Yunan province and into northern Burma. This subspecies is believed by V. Kalkman (pers. com.) to occur in Kangding, Sichuan and Deqen, Yunnan, China. This species occurs at higher elevations (> 3000m) compared to M. yachowensis (Fig. 7).
description: Published as part of Yu, Xin & Bu, Wenjun, 2009, A Revision of Mesopodagrion McLachlan, 1896 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Megapodagrionidae), pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2202 on pages 64-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189645
Heterothele caudicula
Creators: name: Dupérré, Nadine
name: Tapia, Elicio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theraphosidae
Heterothele
Heterothele caudicula

description: Heterothele caudicula (Simon, 1886)
Fig. 21 A–D.
Mitura caudicula Simon, 1886 c: 575 (Description female).
Mitothele caudicula Simon, 1892a: 135.
Heterothele caudicula Simon, 1903a: 925.
Type material. ♀. Ceph. Th., long. 7 mm 8; lat. 6 mm.Abd., long. 11 mm; lat., 6 mm. Examined.
Label information (no original labels). Museum Paris AR 5029, 8332 Heterothele caudicula Simon. Female Sta Cruz de Patagonia, Vu par Schiapelli –G. de Pikelin
Type designation. Female lectotype designated here (AR 5029).
Distribution. Argentina
Note. The genus Heterothele is in need of a thorough revision, most of the species were never illustrated, including the type species. Heterothele caudicula is the only species found in the Americas.
description: Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine & Tapia, Elicio, 2021, The endless search for type specimens; illustrations of eleven spider (Araneae Mygalomorphae) species described by Eugène Simon, pp. 259-282 in Zootaxa 4951 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4664047
Tigidia Simon 1892
Creators: name: Mirza, Zeeshan A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Barychelidae
Tigidia

description: Key to Indian Tigidia (Figure 9)
1a. Spines present on legs III and IV ................................................................................................... 2
1b. Spines present on all legs ............................................................................... T. fasciata sp. nov.
2a. Spermathecal stalk mound-shaped (Figure 9 (d–f))................................................................. 3
2b. Spermathecal stalk digitiform (Figure 9 (a–c)) .......................................................................... 4
3a. Dorsal abdominal pattern chevron ........................................................................ T. rutilofronis
3b. Dorsal abdominal pattern mottled ............................................................................ T. sahyadri
4a. Dorsal abdominal pattern chevron .............................................................................................. 5
4b. Dorsal abdominal pattern mottled .................................... .................................... T. nilgiriensis
5a. Outer lobe of spermathecae simple, balloon-like structure of similar length at 1/4 th distal end (Figure 9 (a)) ............................................................................ T. jalgaonensis sp. nov.
5b. Outer lobe of spermathecae each with a lateral balloon-like lobe supported by a twisted sclerotised structure emerging outward from close to the base (Figure 9 (b)) ................................................................................................................................ T. tangerina sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Mirza, Zeeshan A., 2023, Notes on the trapdoor spider genus Tigidia Simon 1892 (Araneae: Barychelidae: Barychelinae) with the description of three new species from India, pp. 159-174 in Journal of Natural History 57 on page 173, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2172470, http://zenodo.org/record/7695519
Otostigmus ateles Chamberlin 1920
Creators: name: Lewis, John G. E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendridae
Otostigmus
Otostigmus ateles

description: Otostigmus ateles Chamberlin, 1920
(Figs 1–4)
Otostigmus n. sp. Kraepelin, 1916, Fig 2. Queensland, Australia. O. ateles Chamberlin, 1920, 14.
Diagnosis. Length 57 mm. antennal articles 17, the basal 2–2.5 glabrous. Forcipular coxosternal tooth-plates with 3+3 teeth. Tergites with complete paramedian sutures from 5, marginate from 6 or 8, posterior tergites with keels and spinules. Sternites with short anterior paramedian sutures and minute (?) tubercles on S15–18. Sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment with shallow Y-shaped depression, sides diverging posteriorly and hind margin concave. Coxopleuron with two apical spines only. Legs 1–3 with two tarsal spurs.
Material examined. ZMUH. Syntype. Otostigmus n. sp. Queensl. Mjöberg. Malanda, juni. The specimen is contorted and difficult to examine.
Description. (Kraepelin’s (1916) data in parentheses where relevant). Length 57 mm. Antennal articles 17, the basal 2.66 glabrous (three basal articles almost glabrous) (Fig. 1). Each forcipular coxosternal tooth-plate with three main teeth, the lateral isolated, the inner two partially fused. With very small inner and outer subsidiary teeth (Fig. 2).
Tergites with paramedian sutures complete from 5 (begin on 5 or 6), marginate from 8 (6–8), (dorsal keel clear from 6–7, lateral longitudinal depressions from 7, posteriorly with longitudinal keels with fine spinules). Sternites with indication of median and median posterior depressions on some sternites and very small (?) tubercles on S17 and S18 (Fig. 3). Sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment with shallow Y-shaped depression, sides diverging posteriorly and posterior margin concave (Fig. 4). Coxopleural process short with two apical spines, no lateral or dorsal spines.
Legs 1–2 with two tarsal spurs, leg 3 to at least 19 with one. Ultimate and penultimate legs missing.
Remarks. Kraepelin (1916) described two specimens without assigning them to a species as they lacked ultimate legs. Chamberlin (1920) listed the species as O. ateles without comment. It was not listed by Attems (1930).
This specimen shows close similarities to O. australianus but is much larger, 57 mm as compared to 32 mm in australianus, which Kraepelin described as young specimens. It also differs in the presence of keels with spinules on posterior tergites and sternites with short anterior paramedian sutures and minute tubercles. Further material allowing an investigation of individual and ontologenetic variation is required to clarify the relationship between O. ateles and O australianus (see under O. australianus below) but it would seem convenient to retain O. ateles pro tem.
description: Published as part of Lewis, John G. E., 2014, A review of the orientalis group of the Otostigmus subgenus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae), pp. 388-413 in Zootaxa 3889 (3) on page 390, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224919
Pseudothroscus balticus Muona 2019, new species
Creators: name: Muona, Jyrki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Throscidae
Pseudothroscus

description: Pseudothroscus balticus new species
Figs. 4, 5, 22
Type material. Holotype labeled: Pseudothroscus balticus n.sp/ HOLOTYPE /J.Muona des. 10-2015.
Embedded in clear Baltic amber piece, 12 mm x 6 mm, sex unknown. Stellate oak hairs, other plant matter and an unidentified psocopteran are present in the piece as well (Fig. 22). Paratype of unknown sex embedded in a large clear piece of Baltic Amber, 28 mm x 59 mm. Some plant matter and two sciarid nematocerans are present as well. One of the dipterans is a perfectly preserved Lobosciara sp. male (Pekka Vilkamaa det.). Two further paratypes embedded together in rectangular Baltic Amber piece, 27 mm x 13 mm x 5 mm, sex unknown. Age 50 My. Numerous hirsute plant remains are present as well (Fig. 22).
Diagnosis. Characterized by complete lateral pronotal carinae, large eyes, absence of tarsal grooves and small antennal fossae with delicate ridges.
Description. Length 3.2 (HT) – 4.0 (PT) mm. Head and pronotum with relatively dense punctation, punctures mostly small, microsculpture weak (Figs. 4, 5). Elytral striae deep, wide and strongly punctate, interstices twice as wide, very densely minutely punctate, convex (Fig. 4). Hypomera very densely punctate, presternum less so, metaventrite fairly sparsely punctate, punctures small. Abdomen mostly sparsely punctate, more densely towards apex, punctures large. Vestiture dense, on dorsum slightly erect, on abdomen not so.
Etymology. Known only from Baltic amber.
description: Published as part of Muona, Jyrki, 2019, Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species, pp. 521-543 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on pages 528-529, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3715772
Pactopus burmensis Muona 2019, new species
Creators: name: Muona, Jyrki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Throscidae
Pactopus

description: Pactopus burmensis new species
Figs. 12–14, 25
Type material. Holotype labeled: Pactopus burmensis n. sp. / HOLOTYPE /J.Muona des. 10-2015. Second label with following data: 1401-1572 /Burmese amber/LarvaAdult/Throscida 8.5 mm /98.79+-0.62 Ma. Embedded in a
cone-shaped, dark brown Burmese Amber piece, 12 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, sex unknown. Age 98.79 +/- 0.62 Mya. Numerous unidentified plant remains are present as well (Fig. 25).
Paratype in a box-shaped piece of fairly lightly coloured Burmese Amber, 12 mm x 6 mm x 6 mm, sex unknown. Age 98.79 +/- 0.62 Mya. Some unidentified plant remains are present as well. Length 2. 9 mm (PT) to 3.0 mm (HT).
Diagnosis. The combination of Throscini type protibiae (Fig. 12), metathoracic and abdominal tarsal grooves and unmodified head is unique among Throscidae and places this species in Pactopus. Pactopus burmensis resembles the extinct P. americanus Wickham in being relatively wide in shape, having strongly bent tarsal grooves on metaventrite and long, straight abdominal tarsal grooves. The extant P. horni Leconte and the Eocene P. fasolti Muona and P. fafneri Muona are more parallel-sided and much narrower than P. burmensis. Pactopus burmensis differs from P. americanus in having the prosernal process widest in the apical third and narrowing both anteriorly and posteriorly and by having the tarsal gooves on metaventrite more abruptly bent and close to parallel to metanepisterna caudally.
Description. Dorsum poorly visible in the holotype, partly clear on the paratype. Elytra without keeled humeri, with sharp striae and slightly convex interstices, punctation poorly visible, but apparently week. Ventrum moderately densely punctate, punctures small. Antennae with slender club, all three apical antennomeres longer than wide. Prosternal process widest in the apical third (Fig. 13). Metaventrite with strongly curved tarsal grooves (Fig. 13), abdominal tarsal grooves long and straight (Fig. 14).
Etymology. Known only from Burmese Amber.
description: Published as part of Muona, Jyrki, 2019, Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species, pp. 521-543 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on pages 533-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3715772
Tyrannothroscus rex Muona 2019, new species
Creators: name: Muona, Jyrki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Throscidae
Tyrannothroscus

description: Tyrannothroscus rex new species
Figs. 6–10, 23
Type material. Holotype labeled: Tyrannothroscus rex n. sp. / HOLOTYPE /J.Muona des. 10-2015. Reported to have been found from Jantarny. Sex unknown. Embedded in clear, flat, droplet-shaped Baltic Amber piece, 30 mm x 19 mm, narrow end with drilled hole with an attached silver loop for use as a pendant. A small number of tiny plant remains are present as well (Fig. 23).
Diagnosis. Easily recognized by the generic characters and in the key below
Description. Length 8.2 mm. Head and pronotum with relatively sparse and fine punctation, on pronotum punctures of variable size, mostly small, microsculpture dense, isodiametric (Fig. 10). Elytral striae sharp, minutely punctate, interstices very wide, anteriorly flat, towards apex convex (Fig. 9). Venter strongly and moderately densely punctate, densest on first and second abdominal segment, vestiture visible on abdomen only, sparse, hairs fairly long.
Etymology. Tyrannothroscus rex is the largest throscid known. This in combination with the massive “eyebrows” creating an aggressive, fierce look and the wide body suggest it was a real monster among its own kind.
description: Published as part of Muona, Jyrki, 2019, Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species, pp. 521-543 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on page 530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3715772
Otostigmus foveolatus Verhoeff 1937
Creators: name: Lewis, John G. E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendridae
Otostigmus
Otostigmus foveolatus

description: Otostigmus foveolatus Verhoeff, 1937
(Figs 21–26)
Otostigmus (Otostigmus) foveolatus Verhoeff, 1937, 217, Pl. 13, Fig. 11. Malacca [Melaka] Malaysia. Otostigmus foveolatus: Verhoeff, 1942, 185 (in key).
Diagnosis. Length 37 mm. Antennae with 17 articles, the basal 2.5 glabrous. Forcipular coxosternal tooth-plates with 4+4 small teeth. Tergites without paramedian sutures, marginate from 10. Sternites also without paramedian sutures. Coxopleuron with a single apical spine, no lateral or dorsal spine. Legs 1 to 3 with two tarsal spurs. Ultimate legs lacking tarsal spur. Ultimate leg prefemur with VL 2, VM 1 in proximal half and a corner spine.
Material examined. ZSM. Presumed holotype. Two slides, the first with head, antennae, mandibles and maxillae and first four segments, the second with segments 20 and 21 and two detached ultimate legs. Trunk segments 7 to 19 missing. Each slide labelled Otostigmus foveolatus Verh. [Penang Hill] Perak, Malacca.
Description. (Verhoeff’s (1937) data in parentheses where relevant). (Length 37 mm). Antennae of 17 articles, the basal 2.5 glabrous dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 21, 22). Pretarsus of second maxilla without accessory spines (Figs 23), a poorly sclerotised spur on article 2. Forcipular coxosternal tooth-plates with 4+4 teeth, the inner and outer two on each side well separated (Fig. 24), the dorsal surface with several setae. Trochanteroprefemoral process with three small denticles.
(Tergites weakly marginate from 10, lacking [paramedian] sutures but with a median ridge delineated by two shallow sulci, otherwise smooth). Most sternites with a posterior deep rounded depression, with a very weak depression on each side, also a weak longitudinal groove in the middle but sutures absent. Sternite of ultimate legbearing segment posteriorly attenuated and broadly emarginate). Coxopleural process short, with a single apical spine, no lateral or dorsal spines (Fig. 25).
(Leg 1 with one tibial spur, two tarsal spurs only on legs 1–3). One tarsal spur on legs 19 and 20, 21 without. Ultimate leg prefemoral spines VL 2, VM 1 in proximal half, the spines on swollen bases (Fig. 26).
Remarks. Verhoeff (1937) commented that this species comes near to oatesi Kraepelin, adding, perhaps the forms should be joined as races. However, it may be differentiated from O. oatesi by its lack of tergite and sternite paramedian sutures, the short coxopleural process with a single apical spine and ultimate prefemoral spines on swollen bases.
description: Published as part of Lewis, John G. E., 2014, A review of the orientalis group of the Otostigmus subgenus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae), pp. 388-413 in Zootaxa 3889 (3) on pages 393-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224919
Tyrannothroscus Muona 2019, new genus
Creators: name: Muona, Jyrki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Throscidae
Tyrannothroscus

description: Tyrannothroscus new genus
Type species: Tyrannothroscus rex new species
Diagnosis. Elateroidea synapomorphy: pro-mesothoracic joint with clicking mechanism.
Throscidae synapomorphies: a2 as wide as a3–a4, antennal grooves running along notosternal suture and then bending laterally along proleg cavity (Fig. 6). Synapomorphies of Rhomboaspis + Tyrannothroscus + Potergini + Throscini: antennal grooves and proleg impressions separated by septum, metaventrite with tarsal grooves, abdomen with tarsal grooves. Synapomorphies of Rhomboaspis + Tyrannothroscus: elytra with strong and sharp, at most minutely punctate striae, body form very wide. Tyrannothroscus apomorphies: head with strong carinae above antennal insertions (Fig. 7), metasternal discrimen well developed, meso- and metatarsomeres 4 lobed beneath (Fig. 8).
Diagnostic other characters: pronotal lateral carinae complete, head without median carina, antennal insertions located in fossae, antennae with apical, symmetrical club, prosternal process basally straight in lateral view.
Description. Body wide, flattened, pronotum strongly narrowing anteriorly (Figs. 6, 9). Head with strong supraocular ridges uniting in mid-line, frontoclypeus narrow, elongate, eyes large, antennae stout, a1 wide and short, a2 shorter than a3 and a4 but as wide, a9–a11 forming a club. Clypeus well slerotized, small. Anterior edge of prosternum strongly developed, projecting downwards as a wide arched extension. Metaventrite large and wide, cavity for pro- and mesolegs well-developed, ridged around and with separate sections for both legs, proleg area exceptionally wide, metatarsal grooves long, lateroposteriorly directed (Fig. 6). Prosternal process slightly narrowed in middle, diverging strongly posteriorly, lateral carniae complete and apex rounded (Figs. 1, 6). Metacoxae with prominent median apex, abdominal tarsal grooves extending to ventrite four. Elytral striae sharp, interstices flat, wide. Tibiae simple, without tarsal grooves, tarsi delicate, t4 lobed below.
Etymology. Tyrannothroscus refers to the relatively large size of this throscid, the largest known.
description: Published as part of Muona, Jyrki, 2019, Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species, pp. 521-543 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on pages 529-530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3715772
Otostigmus greggi Chamberlin 1944
Creators: name: Lewis, John G. E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendridae
Otostigmus
Otostigmus greggi

description: Otostigmus greggi Chamberlin, 1944
(Figs 27–29)
Otostigmus greggi Chamberlin, 1944a, 180. New Hebrides [Vanuatu].
Material examined. FMNH. Holotype Otostigmus greggi, New Hebrides, Hog Harbor, Espirito Santo [Vanuatu]. 15 April 1928. (?) Corane Field Museum Expedition. Holotype.
Description. (Chamberlin’s (1944a) data in parentheses where relevant). Length 42.5mm (49). Antennal articles 21+20[r], the basal 2.2 glabrous. Forcipular coxosternal tooth-plates with 5+5 teeth, three principal ones and small medial and lateral subsidiary teeth (Fig. 27). Forcipular trochanteroprefemoral process with two medial denticles (Fig. 28)
Tergites without keels or spines, paramedian sutures complete from 5, marginate from 9. Sternite paramedian sutures not visible on anterior sternites, occupying anterior 33% on S10 and 44% on S18. Sternite of ultimate legbearing segment with sides converging only slightly, posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 29).
Coxopleuron elongated with two apical and one subapical spine, one or two lateral and a dorsal spine (no spine on dorsal surface) (Fig. 29).
Leg 1 with a femoral spur, a tibial spur on legs 1–3, two tarsal spurs on legs 1–10 or 1–11, one on 11 or 12–20. Ultimate leg prefemoral spines, right leg with VL 4, VM 2, M 3 DM 2 CS1. The left (possibly regenerated) with only VL 2 [very small] VM 0, M 3, DM 2, CS 1.
Remarks. Chamberlin (1944a) described the coxopleuron of this species as “terminating in three spines; two lateral spines and none on dorsal surface” and so it should belong to the orientalis group. However a reexamination of the holotype has shown a dorsal spine to be present and so the species is a member of the rugulosus group of species. The specimen runs down to O. astenus (Kohlrausch, 1878) in Lewis’s (2010) key and agrees with his diagnosis. Otostigmus greggi is a junior subjective synonym of O. astenus.
description: Published as part of Lewis, John G. E., 2014, A review of the orientalis group of the Otostigmus subgenus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae), pp. 388-413 in Zootaxa 3889 (3) on page 395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224919
Otostigmus kasmiranus Lewis 1992
Creators: name: Lewis, John G. E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendridae
Otostigmus
Otostigmus kasmiranus

description: Otostigmus kasmiranus Lewis, 1992
(Figs 30, 31)
O. (O.) kashmiranus Lewis 1992, 72, 447, Figs 36–44. Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Diagnosis. Length 25–52mm. 18 antennal articles, the basal 2.5 glabrous. 4+4 main forcipular coxosternal teeth (Fig. 30). Tergites with paramedian sutures complete from 3 or 4, without keels or spinules, marginate at least from 11. Sternites with complete paramedian sutures and two median depressions (Fig. 31). Sternite of ultimate legbearing segment trapezoidal. Coxopleural process of moderate length with four apical spines and one lateral spine. Two tarsal spurs on first 4, 5 or 6 pairs of legs the rest to 20 with one. Ultimate leg prefemoral spines VL 3, VM 2–3, DM 2 CS 0.
description: Published as part of Lewis, John G. E., 2014, A review of the orientalis group of the Otostigmus subgenus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae), pp. 388-413 in Zootaxa 3889 (3) on page 395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/224919
Potergus superbus Muona 2019, new species
Creators: name: Muona, Jyrki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Throscidae
Potergus

description: Potergus superbus new species
Fig. 11
Type material. Holotype labeled: Potergus superbus n. sp. / HOLOTYPE / J. Muona des. 10-2015. Found from Kaliningrad. Embedded in Baltic Amber piece, 23 mm x 15 mm, 7 mm thick, sex unknown. Age 50 Mya. Numerous minute, hirsute remains of plant matter are present as well (Fig. 24).
Diagnosis. Elateroidea synapomorphy: pro-mesothoracic joint with clicking mechanism.
Throscidae synapomorphies: a2 as wide as a3–a4, antennal grooves running along notosternal suture and then bending laterally along proleg cavity. Synapomorphy of Potergini + Throscini: tibiae flattened, with tarsal grooves apically. Synapomorphy of Potergus: keeled frons. This in combination with abdominal tarsal grooves is diagnostic for the genus. The extant Potergus species and the Eocene fossil P. frohi Muona are parallel-sided and much narrower than P. superbus. P. superbus resembles P. logei Muona in shape, but has longer abdominal tarsal grooves than that species, these extending to v4. In addition, the metathoracic tarsal grooves are more distant from the metanepisterna in P. superbus that in P. logei. The metallic shine of P. superbus is diagnostic as well. Because of the strong pronotal punctation, the lateral carina is obscure cranially.
Description. Length 4.3 mm. Venter shiny with conspicuous metallic sheen, blue to slightly purple. Dorsum poorly visible. Pronotum and venter coarsely and densely punctate, head densely and slightly less coarsely punctate than pronotum, medially keeled. Elytral striae hardly indicated, serial punctures orderly placed, large, interstices with minute punctation, epipleura faintly and very densely punctate.
Antennae short and robust, a2–a8 about as long as wide and of even width, a9–a11 forming a distinctly wider club. Position and length of tarsal grooves as in Fig. 11.
Etymology. Contrary to other known throscids, the dorsum of this species is faintly metallic blue.
description: Published as part of Muona, Jyrki, 2019, Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species, pp. 521-543 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on page 530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3715772
Baezia martini Garcia 2003
Creators: name: García, Rafael
name: López, Heriberto
name: Oromí, Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Baezia
Baezia martini

description: Baezia martini García, 2003
Studied material. La Palma. Cueva de las Cáscaras (Puntagorda, 500 m a.s.l., 28RBS085869): 1ɗ (holotype), 28-III-2002, R. García leg.; 1Ψ (paratype), 28-III-2002, R. García leg.; 1ɗ (paratype), 20-VI-2002, R. García leg.; 1ɗ(paratype), 27-VII-2002, R. García leg.; 1 ex., 10-XI-2005, R. García leg. Cueva de la Mamona (Puntagorda, 600 m a.s.l., 28RBS087867): 1 ex., 16-III-2005, R. García leg.
Biology and ecology. The specimens of the typical series come from Cueva de las Cáscaras and were obtained by sieving dead roots of Canary pine (Pinus canariensis C. Sm. ex DC. in Buch) and almond tree accumulated together with almond shells on the clayish substrate (García 2003). Baezia martini must therefore be rhizophagous like the other species above mentioned, since almond shells are only incidentally in the underground (carried by introduced mice) and too hard for weevil larvae. This cave is at the northwest of La Palma, a leeward zone for the trade winds, with well developed soil and a vegetation mainly of Canary pine and abandoned almond trees and prickly pear fields (García and González 2001). The habitat outside the cave is rather similar to that of Cueva de los Palmeros but with more developed soil and more abundant trees.
More recently one specimen of Baezia martini has been collected in Cueva de la Mamona, also located in the northwest, not far from Cueva de las Cáscaras and in similar terrains apparently formed during the same geological event. Very probably this species occupies the underground of this part of La Palma, vicariant from B. vulcania which is spread over the southeastern areas of the island. The intensive research that members of the local Tebexcorade Caving Club are carrying out in the northwest very probably will provide new information on this subject.
description: Published as part of García, Rafael, López, Heriberto & Oromí, Pedro, 2007, Additional data to the genus Baezia with description of a new species from a cave on El Hierro, Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae), pp. 47-55 in Zootaxa 1631 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179411
Trixagus parvulus Muona 2019, new species
Creators: name: Muona, Jyrki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Throscidae
Trixagus

description: Trixagus parvulus new species
Fig. 15
Type material. Holotype labeled: Trixagus parvulus n. sp. / HOLOTYPE / J.Muona des. 10-2015. Found from Jantarny.Another label with following data included: Baltischer Bernstein / Fundort: Balticum. Jantarny (Russland)/ Alter: Tertiär, Eozän 28-54 Mio. Jahre/ Inklusen: Käfer, Dungmücke /www.fossilien.de. Embedded in rectangular piece Baltic Amber piece, 19 mm x 16 mm x 3 mm, sex unknown but most likely female. Age 50 My. Hirsute plant remains are present as well as a nematoceran dipteran (Fig. 26). Dorsum poorly visible, specimen slightly dorsoventrally compressed, venter entirely visible. Length 2.0 mm.
Diagnosis. The presence of flattened, grooved tibiae in combination with absence of tarsal grooves places this species in Trixagus. The distinctly but not deeply emarginated eyes (Fig. 15) separate T. parvulus from all known species except the extant T. dermestoides. T. parvulus is smaller, more dorsally convex, has a wider pronotum and less emarginated eyes than T. dermestoides. The Eocene fossil species T. majusculus Kovalev, Kirejtshuk & Nel is quite similar in form, but it is larger and has deeply excised eyes (Kovalev et al., 2012).
Description. Form fairly wide, pronotum convex, sides evenly rounded to hind angles (Fig. 16). Elytra bulbous, with sharp, minutely punctate striae, interstices with much larger, flat, moderately dense punctation (Fig. 17). Abdomen and metathorax with coarse, moderately dense punctation, hypomera with dense and coarse punctation. Antennae with stout, well-developed club, a9 and a10 transverse, a11 longer than wide (Fig.16).
Etymology. One of the smallest known Trixagus species and the smallest fossil one.
description: Published as part of Muona, Jyrki, 2019, Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species, pp. 521-543 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on pages 541-542, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3715772
Baezia litoralis Alonso Zarazaga & Garcia 1999
Creators: name: García, Rafael
name: López, Heriberto
name: Oromí, Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Baezia
Baezia litoralis

description: Baezia litoralis Alonso Zarazaga & García, 1999
Studied material. Tenerife. Bajamar, La Laguna (4-20 m a.s.l., 28RBS673587): 4ɗ (paratypes), 9-II-1986, R. García leg.; 1ɗ (holotype), 17-II-1986, R. García leg.; 1ɗ and 2Ψ (paratypes), 30-XII-1986, R. García leg.; 3ɗ (paratypes), 2-II-1987, R. García leg.; 4Ψ and 2ɗ, 12-II-2006, H. López leg.
Biology and ecology. All specimens known so far have been found under big stones partially dug in the soil, on the coastal cliffs of a single locality at the north of Tenerife. The environment is highly influenced by marine spray, with halophilous vegetation mainly dominated by Crithmum maritimum L., Astydamia latifolia (L. f.) Baill., Frankenia sp., Sonchus sp., Opuntia dillenii (Ker. Gawl.) Haw. and Tamarix canariensis Willd. The soil is a vertisol of montmorillonitic clay, very different to that in places of La Palma and El Hierro where Baezia species have ben found in lava tubes (Alonso-Zarazaga and García 1999). These clays become highly cracked in dry periods, being a peculiar microhabitat where small endogean insects are living, like Baezia litoralis and the ground beetle Parazuphium damascenum canariense Machado, 1992. During the heavy rains this soil becomes muddy and the cracks get flooded, compelling this fauna to migrate to the surface. This is the best opportunity to find Baezia litoralis as it probably leaves the flooded surroundings of the roots to shelter in stones with abundant alveoles free of water.
No relations have been established between the collected specimens of Baezia litoralis and the roots of any particular plant, but very probable it is also a rhizophagous species.
description: Published as part of García, Rafael, López, Heriberto & Oromí, Pedro, 2007, Additional data to the genus Baezia with description of a new species from a cave on El Hierro, Canary Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae), pp. 47-55 in Zootaxa 1631 on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179411