cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hearing sensitivity and amplitude coding in bats are differentially shaped by echolocation calls and social calls
Creators: name: Lattenkamp, Ella Z.
name: Nagy, Martina
name: Drexl, Markus
name: Vernes, Sonja C.
name: Wiegrebe, Lutz
name: Knornschild, Mirjam
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: hearing threshold
subject: audiogram
subject: auditory brainstem responses
subject: dynamic range
subject: sensory system evolution
subject: amplitude coding
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Differences in auditory perception between species are influenced by phylogenetic origin and the perceptual challenges imposed by the natural environment, such as detecting prey- or predator-generated sounds and communication signals. Bats are well suited for comparative studies on auditory perception since they predominantly rely on echolocation to perceive the world, while their social calls and most environmental sounds have low frequencies. We tested if hearing sensitivity and stimulus level coding in bats differ between high and low-frequency ranges by measuring auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) of 86 bats belonging to 11 species. In most species, auditory sensitivity was equally good at both high- and low-frequency ranges, while amplitude was more finely coded for higher frequency ranges. Additionally, we conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis by combining our ABR data with published data on 27 species. Species-specific peaks in hearing sensitivity correlated with peak frequencies of echolocation calls and pup isolation calls, suggesting that changes in hearing sensitivity evolved in response to frequency changes of echolocation and social calls. Overall, our study provides the most comprehensive comparative assessment of bat hearing capacities to date and highlights the evolutionary pressures acting on their sensory perception.
Momentum dependence of the bispectrum in two-field inflation
Creators: name: Tzavara, Eleftheria
name: van Tent, Bartjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the momentum dependence of the bispectrum of two-field inflationary models within the long-wavelength formalism. We determine the sources of scale dependence in the expression for the parameter of non-Gaussianity fNL and study two types of variation of the momentum triangle: changing its size and changing its shape. We introduce two spectral indices that quantify the possible types of momentum dependence of the local type fNL and illustrate our results with examples.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures. v2: Final version. Minor textual changes
Die Wartburg 1950
Creators: name: Nebe, Hermann
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2019

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 3 Nr. 11 (1950): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Characterization of a multidrug-resistant porcine Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 11 strain coharboring blaKPC-2 and fosA3 on two novel hybrid plasmids
Creators: name: Zhang, Wanjiang
name: Zhu, Yao
name: Wang, Changzhen
name: Liu, Wenyu
name: Li, Ruichao
name: Chen, Fuguang
name: Luan, Tian
name: Zhang, Yanhe
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Liu, Siguo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Klebsiella pneumoniae
subject: hybrid plasmids
subject: zype 11 strain
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: The occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) poses a considerable risk for public health. The gene for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2) has been reported in many countries worldwide, and KPC-2-producing strains are mainly of human origin. In this study, we identified two novel hybrid plasmids that carry either blaKPC-2 or the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 in the multiresistant K. pneumoniae isolate K15 of swine origin in China. The blaKPC-2-bearing plasmid pK15-KPC was a fusion derivative of an IncF33:A−:B− incompatibility group (Inc) plasmid and chromosomal sequences of K. pneumoniae (CSKP). A 5-bp direct target sequence duplication (GACTA) was identified at the boundaries of the CSKP, suggesting that the integration might have been due to a transposition event. The blaKPC-2 gene on pK15-KPC was in a derivative of ΔTn6296-1. The multireplicon fosA3-carrying IncN-IncR plasmid pK15-FOS also showed a mosaic structure, possibly originating from a recombination between an epidemic fosA3-carrying pHN7A8-like plasmid and a pKPC-LK30-like IncR plasmid. Stability tests demonstrated that both novel hybrid plasmids were stably maintained in the original host without antibiotic selection but were lost from the transformants after approximately 200 generations. This is apparently the first description of a porcine sequence type 11 (ST11) K. pneumoniae isolate coproducing KPC-2 and FosA3 via pK15-KPC and pK15-FOS, respectively. The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype of this high-risk K. pneumoniae isolate may contribute to its spread and its persistence.
Thermal Detection of Turbulent and Laminar Dissipation in Vortex Front Motion
Creators: name: Hosio, J. J.
name: Eltsov, V. B.
name: Krusius, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on direct measurements of the energy dissipated in the spin-up of the superfluid component of 3He-B. A vortex-free sample is prepared in a cylindrical container, where the normal component rotates at constant angular velocity. At a temperature of 0.20Tc, seed vortices are injected into the system using the shear-flow instability at the interface between 3He-B and 3He-A. These vortices interact and create a turbulent burst, which sets a propagating vortex front into motion. In the following process, the free energy stored in the initial vortex-free state is dissipated leading to the emission of thermal excitations, which we observe with a bolometric measurement. We find that the turbulent front contains less than the equilibrium number of vortices and that the superfluid behind the front is partially decoupled from the reference frame of the container. The final equilibrium state is approached in the form of a slow laminar spin-up as demonstrated by the slowly decaying tail of the thermal signal.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Journal of Low Temperature Physics
Holography and criticality in matchgate tensor networks
Creators: name: Jahn, A.
name: Gluza, M.
name: Pastawski, F.
name: Eisert, J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: matchgate tensor networks
subject: Holography
subject: criticality
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The AdS/CFT correspondence conjectures a holographic duality between gravity in a bulk space and a critical quantum field theory on its boundary. Tensor networks have come to provide toy models to understand these bulk-boundary correspondences, shedding light on connections between geometry and entanglement. We introduce a versatile and efficient framework for studying tensor networks, extending previous tools for Gaussian matchgate tensors in 1 + 1 dimensions. Using regular bulk tilings, we show that the critical Ising theory can be realized on the boundary of both flat and hyperbolic bulk lattices, obtaining highly accurate critical data. Within our framework, we also produce translation-invariant critical states by an efficiently contractible tensor network with the geometry of the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz. Furthermore, we establish a link between holographic quantum error–correcting codes and tensor networks. This work is expected to stimulate a more comprehensive study of tensor network models capturing bulk-boundary correspondences.
The Black Hole Remnant of Black Hole-Neutron Star Coalescing Binaries
Creators: name: Pannarale, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for determining the dimensionless spin parameter and mass of the black hole remnant of black hole-neutron star mergers with parallel orbital angular momentum and initial black hole spin. This approach is based on the Buonanno, Kidder, and Lehner method for binary black holes, and it is successfully tested against the results of numerical-relativity simulations: the dimensionless spin parameter is predicted with absolute error $\lesssim 0.02$, whereas the relative error on the final mass is $\lesssim 2$%, its distribution in the tests being pronouncedly peaked at $1$%. Our approach and the fit to the torus remnant mass reported in Foucart (2012) thus constitute an easy-to-use analytical model that accurately describes the remnant of black hole-neutron star mergers. The space of parameters consisting of the binary mass ratio, the initial black hole spin, and the neutron star mass and equation of state is investigated. We provide indirect support to the cosmic censorship conjecture for black hole remnants of black hole-neutron star mergers. We show that the presence of a neutron star affects the quasinormal mode frequency of the black hole remnant, thus suggesting that the ringdown epoch of the gravitational wave signal may virtually be used to (1) distinguish black hole-black hole from black hole-neutron star mergers and to (2) constrain the neutron star equation of state.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables; matches published version
Tumor Microenvironment-Activatable Nanoenzymes for Mechanical Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix and Enhanced Tumor Chemotherapy
Creators: name: Zhong, Yinan
name: Zhang, Jianguang
name: Zhang, Junmei
name: Hou, Yong
name: Chen, Enping
name: Huang, Dechun
name: Chen, Wei
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: mechanical remodeling
subject: nanomedicine
subject: sensitized chemotherapy
subject: tumor microenvironment
subject: tumor stiffness
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Increased tissue stiffness is a hallmark of cancer and promotes tumor progression. It is hypothesized that decreased tumorous stress may aid or sensitize chemotherapies. To overcome extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening and fulfill sensitized chemotherapy in one nanosystem, a reactive oxygen species-activatable nanoenzyme (SP-NE) based on a dendritic polyglycerol scaffold, integrating collagenase and paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug, is constructed. The dense and tough ECM is highly remitted by SP-NE in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mimicking gelatin hydrogel models, which causes cell shrinkage, disorders cytoskeletal constructions, and subsequently enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy. ECM softening via SP-NE downregulates mechanotransduction signaling pathways of integrin-focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) implicated in cytoskeletal assembly, and integrin-FAK-phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (pERK 1/2) mediating mitosis. Notably, this programmed nanosystem in human breast MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice models displays a significant relief of ECM stress from 4300 to 1200 Pa and results in 87.1% suppression of tumor growth at a low PTX dosage of 3 mg kg(-1). The attenuated expression of the key players RhoA and pERK 1/2 involved in cellular mechano-sensing is further verified in vivo. This study thus provides a new and potential nanoplatform to selectively decrease TME stiffness for enhanced chemotherapy.
Darmstädter Gespräch 1950: Das Menschenbild in unserer Zeit
Creators: name: Heß, Walter
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2019

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 3 Nr. 9 (1950): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Stable non-uniform black strings below the critical dimension
Creators: name: Figueras, Pau
name: Murata, Keiju
name: Reall, Harvey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The higher-dimensional vacuum Einstein equation admits translationally non-uniform black string solutions. It has been argued that infinitesimally non-uniform black strings should be unstable in 13 or fewer dimensions and otherwise stable. We construct numerically non-uniform black string solutions in 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 dimensions. Their stability is investigated using local Penrose inequalities. Weakly non-uniform solutions behave as expected. However, in 12 and 13 dimensions, strongly non-uniform solutions appear to be stable and can have greater horizon area than a uniform string of the same mass. In 14 and 15 dimensions all non-uniform black strings appear to be stable.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures. V2: reference added, matches published version
Sprockhoff, E., und Kersten, K.: Offa. Berichte und Mitteilungen aus dem Schleswig-Holst
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Sprockhoff, E., und Kersten, K.: Offa. Berichte und Mitteilungen aus dem Schleswig-Holst. Landesmuseum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Schleswig und dem Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte an der Univ. Kiel. Bd. 16. 1957/58. Neumünster (Karl Wachholtz Verlag) 1960. 112 Seiten mit 8 Tat. und zahlr. Abb. im Text. Brosch.
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 29 (1960): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Brinkum – Befunde und Funde einer frühmittel alterlichen Siedlung in Ostfriesland
Creators: name: Schilling, Frauke
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 84 (2015): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Acnp And Nilde : Essential Tools For Access To Scientific Research
Creators: name: Brunetti, Francesca
name: Bonora, Orietta
name: Filippucci, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Library and Information Services in Astronomy VII (LISA VII), Naples, Italy, 17-20 June 2014.

description: ACNP (The Italian Union Serial Catalogue), containing  more than 190,000 journals in various disciplines, and NILDE (Network Inter Library Document  Exchange), an online service that facilitates more than 800 libraries  to request and supply documents in a reciprocal manner, are two services based on similar management models linked with their users.

ACNP and NILDE and their user communities in cooperation form the most important network for Italian libraries to share resources, services and professional practices and this represents a cooperation system working for the real access to scientific information which is hampered by high costs and restrictive policies.

The present talk illustrates both communities, focusing attention on the informational needs of the astronomical community
Area-angular momentum-charge inequality for stable marginally outer trapped surfaces in 4D Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory
Creators: name: Yazadjiev, Stoytcho S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive inequalities between the area, the angular momentum and the charges for axisymmetric closed outermost stably marginally outer trapped surfaces, embedded in dynamical and, in general, non-axisymmetric spacetimes satisfying the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-matter equations. In proving the inequalities we assume that the dilaton potential is nonnegative and that the matter energy-momentum tensor satisfies the dominant energy condition.
description: 12 pages;v2 more detailed proof of Lemma 2, references and comments added, typos corrected
Noncommutative peak interpolation revisited
Creators: name: Blecher, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46L85, 46L52, 47L30, 46L07 (primary), 32T40, 46H10, 47L50, 47L55 (secondary)

description: Peak interpolation is concerned with a foundational kind of mathematical task: building functions in a fixed algebra $A$ which have prescribed values or behaviour on a fixed closed subset (or on several disjoint subsets). In this paper we do the same but now $A$ is an algebra of operators on a Hilbert space. We briefly survey this {\em noncommutative peak interpolation}, which we have studied with coauthors in a long series of papers, and whose basic theory now appears to be approaching its culmination. This program developed from, and is based partly on, theorems of Hay and Read whose proofs were spectacular, but therefore inaccessible to an uncommitted reader. We give short proofs of these results, using recent progress in noncommutative peak interpolation, and conversely give examples of the use of these theorems in peak interpolation. For example, we prove a useful new noncommutative peak interpolation theorem.
description: To appear Bull. London Math Soc. 9 pages
Simulation of universal optical logic gates under energy sharing collisions of Manakov solitons and fulfillment of practical optical logic criteria
Creators: name: Vijayajayanthi, M.
name: Kanna, T.
name: Lakshmanan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universal optical logic gates, namely NAND and NOR gates, have been theoretically simulated by employing the energy sharing collision of bright optical solitons in the Manakov system, governing pulse propagation in a highly birefringent fiber. Further, we also realize the two input optical logic gates such as AND, OR, XOR, XNOR for completeness of our scheme. Interestingly, our idea behind the simulation naturally satisfies all the criteria for practical optical logic which in turn displays the strength and versatility of our theoretical simulation of universal optical logic gates. Hence, our approach paves the way for the experimentalists to create a new avenue in this direction if the energy sharing collisions of Manakov solitons are experimentally realized in the future.
description: 7 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1806.00965
Association between Disease Severity, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Serum Cortisol Concentrations in Horses with Acute Abdominal Pain
Creators: name: Gehlen, Heidrun
name: Faust, Maria-Dorothee
name: Grzeskowiak, Remigiusz M.
name: Trachsel, Dagmar S.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: frequency domain
subject: time domain
subject: gastrointestinal diseases
subject: equine
subject: stress
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive technique to detect changes in the autonomous nervous system. It has rarely been investigated in horses with colic. Therefore, the objective was to assess the evolution of HRV parameters and cortisol concentrations in horses with colic. The 43 horses included in this study were categorized into three groups according to the treatment (1, surgical; 2, conservative; 3, euthanized). The HRV and laboratory variables were measured at admission (T1), the day after admission (T2), and at discharge (T3) and compared between groups and over time with an ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Relationships between the HRV parameters themselves and the laboratory variables was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients. Evolution of the heart rate (HR) over time, mean normal to normal R intervals (meanNN) and cortisol concentrations indicate a decreased sympathetic stimulation over time in group 1 and 2, in contrast to group 3. For group 3, the meanNN and HR differed significantly to group 2 at T1 and to group 1 and 2 at T2. Treatment induced a change in the HRV and cortisol response in horses managed conservatively or surgically but not in horses that required euthanasia. However, further studies are required to assess the validity of HRV analyses in horses with colic.
Spin-polarized Josephson and quasiparticle currents in superconducting spin-filter tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Bergeret, F. S.
name: Verso, A.
name: Volkov, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of the effect of spin-filtering on the Josephson and dissipative quasiparticle currents in a superconducting tunnel junction. By combining the quasiclassical Green's functions and the tunneling Hamiltonian method we describe the transport properties of a generic junction consisting of two superconducting leads with an effective exchange field h separated by a spin-filter insulating barrier. We show that besides the tunneling of Cooper pairs with total spin-projection Sz = 0 there is another contribution to the Josephson current due to equal-spin Cooper pairs. The latter is finite and not affected by the spin-filter effect provided that the fields h and the magnetization of the barrier are non-collinear . We also determine the quasiparticle current for a symmetric junction and show that the differential conductance may exhibit peaks at different values of the voltage depending on the polarization of the spin-filter, and the relative angle between the exchange fields and the magnetization of the barrier. Our findings provide a plausible explanation for existing experiments on Josephson junctions with magnetic barriers, predict new effects and show how spin-polarized supercurrents in hybrid structures can be created.
description: 5 pages; 3 figures
Total synthesis of polysaccharides by automated glycan assembly
Creators: name: Joseph, A. Abragam
name: Pardo-Vargas, Alonso
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: carbohydrates
subject: organic polymers
subject: protective groups
subject: biopolymers
subject: post-translational modification
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Polysaccharides are the most abundant biopolymers on earth that serve various structural and modulatory functions. Pure, completely defined linear and branched polysaccharides are essential to understand carbohydrate structure and function. Polysaccharide isolation provides heterogeneous mixtures, while heroic efforts were required to complete chemical and/or enzymatic syntheses of polysaccharides as long 92-mers. Here, we show that automated glycan assembly (AGA) enables access to a 100-mer polysaccharide via a 201-step synthesis within 188 h. Convergent block coupling of 30- and 31-mer oligosaccharide fragments, prepared by AGA, yielded a multiple-branched 151-mer polymannoside. Quick access to polysaccharides provides the basis for future material science applications of carbohydrates.
A stability conjecture for the unstable cohomology of SL_n Z, mapping class groups, and Aut(F_n)
Creators: name: Church, Thomas
name: Farb, Benson
name: Putman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we conjecture the stability and vanishing of a large piece of the unstable rational cohomology of SL_n Z, of mapping class groups, and of Aut(F_n).
description: 18 pages. v2: final version, to appear in Algebraic Topology: Applications and New Directions, AMS Contemporary Mathematics Series
Scholarly Primitives Revisited: Towards A Practical Taxonomy Of Digital Humanities Research Activities And Objects
Creators: name: Borek, Luise
name: Dombrowski, Quinn
name: Perkins, Jody
name: Schöch, Christof
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: humanities
digital humanities
digital research tools
digital research methods
taxonomy
keywords
definitions
DiRT
DARIAH

description: Today we have more information at our fingertips than at any other time in human history. The problem is no longer finding information, the problem is being overwhelmed with the amount of information. This is no different in the realm of the digital humanities.  Information on people, projects, resources, methods, and tools exists in quantity everywhere we look, and yet we still have difficulty finding what we need. This paper describes a transatlantic effort on the part of DiRT in the United States and DARIAH in Europe to construct a taxonomy of scholarly methods, called TaDiRAH or Taxonomy of Digital Research Activities in the Humanities, that can be used not only to organize single collections of DH information and resources but also to allow these collections to interface with each other, creating a web of linked data that can be effectively searched for information across distributed collections. DiRT and DARIAH are not trying to impose a restrictive, monolithic scheme on DH; rather, our goal is to construct a lightweight, basic taxonomy of higher order goals and first-order methods that can be easily expanded in all directions by linking lower order techniques to multiple goals and/or methods to create machine-readable paths among the various resources. In building this taxonomy, we heavily rely on input and feedback from the digital humanities community. Still, at least for the intended use cases, we believe a stable taxonomy has advantages over more open, folksonomy-based solutions.
description: Short paper: http://dharchive.org/paper/DH2014/Paper-504.xml
Knowledge in the dark: scientific challenges and ways forward
Creators: name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
name: Lokatis, Sophie
name: Bartram, Isabelle
name: Tockner, Klement
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: agnotology
subject: knowledge-ignorance paradox
subject: open science
subject: reproducibility
subject: research biases
subject: Scientific tower of Babel
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: A key dimension of our current era is Big Data, the rapid rise in produced data and information; a key frustration is that we are nonetheless living in an age of ignorance, as the real knowledge and understanding of people does not seem to be substantially increasing. This development has critical consequences, for example it limits the ability to find and apply effective solutions to pressing environmental and socioeconomic challenges. Here, we propose the concept of “knowledge in the dark”—or short: dark knowledge—and outline how it can help clarify key reasons for this development: (i) production of biased, erroneous, or fabricated data and information; (ii) inaccessibility and (iii) incomprehensibility of data and information; and (iv) loss of previous knowledge. Even in the academic realm, where financial interests are less pronounced than in the private sector, several factors lead to dark knowledge, that is they inhibit a more substantial increase in knowledge and understanding. We highlight four of these factors—loss of academic freedom, research biases, lack of reproducibility, and the Scientific tower of Babel—and offer ways to tackle them, for example establishing an international court of arbitration for research and developing advanced tools for research synthesis.
Clustering and precipitation processes in age-hardened Al-Zn-Mg-(Ag, Cu) alloys
Creators: name: Caraher, Sally Kate, 1974-
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: New observations are reported herein on clustering and precipitation processes in agehardened Al-Zn-Mg-(Ag, Cu) alloys... This analysis has led to a proposal for the reconceptualisation of the composition, orientation and structure of n1. Based on these results, it has been concluded that Ag enhances the agehardening response of Al-Zn-Mg alloys in the range 120 - 200 °C, by stimulating fine and uniformly dispersed pre-precipitate clustering processes involving Ag atoms and vacancies. […]
title: Bürgerschaft gegen klösterliche Obrigkeit
title: eine Fallstudie zu den Rheinauer Unruhen in der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Aregger, Stephan
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 250 Christliche Orden und Ortskirchen
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Rheinau (Kanton Zürich)
subject: Kloster Rheinau
subject: Bevölkerung
subject: Unruhen
subject: Geschichte

description: Lizentiatsarbeit der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich bei Prof. Dr. Kaspar von Greyerz, Januar 2002
SARS-CoV-2 infection of Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) reproduces COVID-19 pneumonia in a well-established small animal model
Creators: name: Bertzbach, Luca D.
name: Vladimirova, Daria
name: Dietert, Kristina
name: Abdelgawad, Azza
name: Gruber, Achim D.
name: Osterrieder, Nikolaus
name: Trimpert, Jakob
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: coronavirus
subject: experimental animal models
subject: histopathology
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused a yet unresolved global crisis. Effective medical intervention by vaccination or therapy seems to be the only possibility to control the pandemic. In this context, animal models are an indispensable tool for basic and applied research to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we established a SARS-CoV-2 infection model in Chinese hamsters suitable for studying pathogenesis of the disease as well as pre-clinical testing of vaccines and therapies. This species of hamster is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection as demonstrated by robust virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract accompanied by bronchitis and pneumonia as well as significant body weight loss following infection. The Chinese hamster features advantages compared to the Syrian hamster model, including more pronounced clinical symptoms, its small size, well-characterized genome, transcriptome and translatome data and availability of molecular tools.
New efficient ADMM algorithm for the Unit Commitment Problem
Creators: name: Wuijts, Rogier Hans
name: Akker, Marjan van den
name: Broek, Machteld van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The unit commitment problem (UC) is an optimization problem concerning the operation of electrical generators. Many algorithms have been proposed for the UC and in recent years a more decentralized approach, by solving the UC with alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), has been investigated. For convex problems ADMM is guaranteed to find an optimal solution. However, because UC is non-convex additional steps need to be taken in order to ensure convergence to a feasible solution of high quality. Therefore, solving UC by a MIL(Q)P formulation and running an off-the-shelf solver like Gurobi until now seems to be the most efficient approach to obtain high quality solutions. In this paper, we introduce a new and efficient way to solve the UC with ADMM to near optimality. We relax the supply-demand balance constraint and deal with the non-convexity by iteratively increasing a penalty coefficient until we eventually force convergence and feasibility. At each iteration the subproblems are solved by our efficient algorithm for the single UC subproblem developed in earlier work and our new ADMM algorithm for the transmission subproblems. Computational experiments on benchmark instances demonstrated that our algorithm produces high-quality solutions. The computation time seems to grow practically linear with the length of the time horizon. For the case with quadratic generation cost our algorithm is significantly faster than solving the problem by a state-of-the-art MIL(Q)P formulation. For the case of linear generation cost, it outperforms the MILP approach for longer time horizons.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures
Higgs couplings beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: Cacciapaglia, Giacomo
name: Deandrea, Aldo
name: La Rochelle, Guillaume Drieu
name: Flament, Jean-Baptiste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Higgs boson decay processes and its production, and provide a parameterisation tailored for testing models of new physics beyond the Standard Model. We also compare our formalism to other existing parameterisations based on scaling factors in front of the couplings and to effective Lagrangian approaches. Different formalisms allow to best address different aspects of the Higgs boson physics. The choice of a particular parameterisation depends on a non-obvious balance of quantity and quality of the available experimental data, envisaged purpose for the parameterisation and degree of model independence, importance of the radiative corrections, scale at which new particles appear explicitly in the physical spectrum. At present only simple parameterisations with a limited number of fit parameters can be performed, but this situation will improve with the forthcoming experimental LHC data. Detailed fits can only be performed by the experimental collaborations at present, as the full information on the different decay modes is not completely available in the public domain. It is therefore important that different approaches are considered and that the most detailed information is made available to allow testing the different aspects of the Higgs boson physics and the possible hints beyond the Standard Model.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables. This version is an update including the most recent Higgs data and new fits to two extra models
Anisotropy and directional pinning in YBaCuO with BaZrO3 nanorods
Creators: name: Pompeo, N.
name: Augieri, A.
name: Torokhtii, K.
name: Galluzzi, V.
name: Celentano, G.
name: Silva, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of anisotropic transport properties (dc and high-frequency regime) of driven vortex matter in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-x}$ with elongated strong-pinning sites (c-axis aligned, self-assembled BaZrO$_3$ nanorods) are used to demonstrate that the effective-mass angular scaling takes place only in intrinsic physical quantities (flux-flow resistivity), and not in pinning-related Labusch parameter and critical currents. Comparison of the dynamics at different time scales shows evidence for a transition of the vortex matter toward a Mott phase, driven by the presence of nanorods. The strong pinning in dc arises partially from a dynamic effect.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication on Applied Physics Letters. With respect to v1: changed title, slightly shortened
Good and bad children in metabolic networks
Creators: name: Vassena, Nicola
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: metabolic networks
subject: structural analysis
subject: Jacobian determinant
subject: multistationarity
subject: stability change
subject: saddle-node bifurcation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Equilibrium bifurcations arise from sign changes of Jacobian determinants, as parameters are varied. Therefore we address the Jacobian determinant for metabolic networks with general reaction kinetics. Our approach is based on the concept of Child Selections: each (mother) metabolite is mapped, injectively, to one of those (child) reactions that it drives as an input. Our analysis distinguishes reaction network Jacobians with constant sign from the bifurcation case, where that sign depends on specific reaction rates. In particular, we distinguish "good" Child Selections, which do not affect the sign, from more interesting and mischievous "bad" children, which gang up towards sign changes, instability, and bifurcation.
Black-hole production from ultrarelativistic collisions
Creators: name: Rezzolla, Luciano
name: Takami, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the conditions under which a black hole can be produced is a long-standing and fundamental problem in general relativity. We use numerical simulations of colliding selfgravitating fluid objects to study the conditions of black-hole formation when the objects are boosted to ultrarelativistic speeds. Expanding on previous work, we show that the collision is characterized by a type-I critical behaviour, with a black hole being produced for masses above a critical value, M_c, and a partially bound object for masses below the critical one. More importantly, we show for the first time that the critical mass varies with the initial effective Lorentz factor following a simple scaling of the type M_c ~ K ^{-1.0}, thus indicating that a black hole of infinitesimal mass is produced in the limit of a diverging Lorentz factor. Furthermore, because a scaling is present also in terms of the initial stellar compactness, we provide a condition for black-hole formation in the spirit of the hoop conjecture.
description: Accepted as FTC on CQG; no discussion of LHC (seen as too speculative but available in v1); expanded considerations on hoop conjecture
Giant capacitance of a plane capacitor with a two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Skinner, Brian
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a clean two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with small concentration $n$ comprises one (or both) electrodes of a plane capacitor, the resulting capacitance $C$ can be larger than the "geometric capacitance" $C_g$ determined by the physical separation $d$ between electrodes. A recent paper [1] argued that when the effective Bohr radius $a_B$ of the 2DEG satisfies $a_B << d$, one can achieve $C >> C_g$ at low concentration $nd^2 << 1$. Here we show that even for devices with $a_B > d$, including graphene, for which $a_B$ is effectively infinite, one also arrives at $C >> C_g$ at low electron concentration if there is a strong perpendicular magnetic field.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; updated discussion about bilayer systems; added discussion of fractional quantum Hall states
Matrix-valued Boltzmann Equation for the Hubbard Chain
Creators: name: Fürst, Martin L. R.
name: Mendl, Christian B.
name: Spohn, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, both analytically and numerically, the Boltzmann transport equation for the Hubbard chain with nearest neighbor hopping and spatially homogeneous initial condition. The time-dependent Wigner function is matrix-valued because of spin. The H-theorem holds. The nearest neighbor chain is integrable which, on the kinetic level, is reflected by infinitely many additional conservation laws and linked to the fact that there are also non-thermal stationary states. We characterize all stationary solutions. Numerically, we observe an exponentially fast convergence to stationarity and investigate the convergence rate in dependence on the initial conditions.
description: 23 pages
Comments on mathematical aspects of the Biró-Néda model
Creators: name: Inácio, Ilda
name: Velhinho, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address two mathematical aspects of the Biró--Néda dynamical model, recently applied in the statistical analysis of several and varied complex phenomena. First, we show that a given implicit assumption ceases to be valid outside the most simple and common cases, and we analyze the consequences thereof, in what the formulation of the model and probability conservation is concerned. Second, we revisit the transient behavior in the case of a constant reset rate and a constant or linear growth rate, improving on a previous analysis by including more general initial conditions.
A sustainable model to maintain and promote vocabularies: the AGROVOC use case
Creators: name: Kolshus, Kristin
name: Martini, Daniel
name: Mietzsch, Esther
name: Subirats-Coll, Imma
name: Turbati, Andrea
name: Venturini, Veronica
Publisher: name: ARDC
Year: 2023
Subjects: Vocabularies
Terminologies
Semantic

description: AGROVOC is a multilingual agricultural thesaurus developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It serves as a controlled vocabulary and information retrieval tool for the agricultural domain. AGROVOC's usefulness lies in its contribution to standardization, interoperability, information retrieval, multilingual support, and data integration.AGROVOC is curated by its editorial community through a collaborative and participatory approach. FAO facilitates the development and maintenance of AGROVOC, but actively involves experts, researchers, and practitioners from the agricultural domain and related fields. The AGROVOC editorial community consists of a number of institutions serving as focal points for specific languages or topics. The community's contributions and expertise are vital to ensure the vocabulary's relevance, accuracy, and coverage. Thanks to this, AGROVOC is available in up to 42 languages. Subject matter experts who are fluent in different languages contribute translations, ensuring the vocabulary's multilingual support and cross-cultural relevance. It also ensures that the vocabulary reflects the collective expertise and needs of those who use it, making AGROVOC a valuable and trusted resource for organizing and sharing agricultural knowledge.There is growing interest in how AGROVOC can support and host technical vocabularies developed at institutional level. These vocabularies can be isolated, managed in spreadsheets, and many do not yet leverage the power of being FAIR. Bringing vocabularies within the AGROVOC umbrella does take considerable work and requires creating awareness of the benefits and advantages of using linked open data and encouraging individuals and organizations to use it consistently in their work. Demonstrating benefits and socializing the value of vocabularies is key: promoting the use of controlled vocabularies within a community or group of people, highlighting the advantages of improved information retrieval, better data integration, and safeguarding of valuable vocabulary work is needed.References1. Imma Subirats-Coll, Kristin Kolshus, Andrea Turbati, Armando Stellato, Esther Mietzsch, Daniel Martini, Marcia Zeng, AGROVOC: The linked data concept hub for food and agriculture, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 196, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.1059652. FAO. 2021. AGROVOC – Semantic data interoperability on food and agriculture. Rome.
Bounding the resources for thermalizing many-body localized systems
Creators: name: Sparaciari, Carlo
name: Goihl, Marcel
name: Boes, Paul
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Ng, Nelly Huei Ying
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: entanglement
subject: entropies
subject: laws
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Understanding under which conditions physical systems thermalize is a long-standing question in many-body physics. While generic quantum systems thermalize, there are known instances where thermalization is hindered, for example in many-body localized (MBL) systems. Here we introduce a class of stochastic collision models coupling a many-body system out of thermal equilibrium to an external heat bath. We derive upper and lower bounds on the size of the bath required to thermalize the system via such models, under certain assumptions on the Hamiltonian. We use these bounds, expressed in terms of the max-relative entropy, to characterize the robustness of MBL systems against externally-induced thermalization. Our bounds are derived within the framework of resource theories using the convex split lemma, a recent tool developed in quantum information. We apply our results to the disordered Heisenberg chain, and numerically study the robustness of its MBL phase in terms of the required bath size. The thermalization of many-body localization phases poses a number of open questions related to our understanding of thermalization in quantum systems. Here, the authors aim to demonstrate that a quantum information approach can be used to investigate the mechanisms of thermalization in a quantum many-body system when coupled to an external system.
On the Efficient Calculation of a Linear Combination of Chi-Square Random Variables with an Application in Counting String Vacua
Creators: name: Bausch, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15A18, 60G50, 81T30, 83E30, 83E50

description: Linear combinations of chi square random variables occur in a wide range of fields. Unfortunately, a closed, analytic expression for the pdf is not yet known. As a first result of this work, an explicit analytic expression for the density of the sum of two gamma random variables is derived. Then a computationally efficient algorithm to numerically calculate the linear combination of chi square random variables is developed. An explicit expression for the error bound is obtained. The proposed technique is shown to be computationally efficient, i.e. only polynomial in growth in the number of terms compared to the exponential growth of most other methods. It provides a vast improvement in accuracy and shows only logarithmic growth in the required precision. In addition, it is applicable to a much greater number of terms and currently the only way of computing the distribution for hundreds of terms. As an application, the exponential dependence of the eigenvalue fluctuation probability of a random matrix model for 4d supergravity with N scalar fields is found to be of the asymptotic form exp(-0.35N).
description: 21 pages, 19 figures. 3rd version