cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cross-modal investigation of event component omissions in language development: a comparison of signing and speaking children
Creators: name: Sümer, Beyza
name: Özyürek, Aslı
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Language development research suggests a universal tendency for children to be under- informative in narrating motion events by omitting components such as Path, Manner or Ground. However, this assumption has not been tested for children acquiring sign language. Due to the affordances of the visual-spatial modality of sign languages for iconic expression, signing children might omit event components less frequently than speaking children. Here we analysed motion event descriptions elicited from deaf children (4–10 years) acquiring Turkish Sign Language (TİD) and their Turkish-speaking peers. While children omitted all types of event components more often than adults, signing children and adults encoded more Path and Manner in TİD than their peers in Turkish. These results provide more evidence for a general universal tendency for children to omit event components as well as a modality bias for sign languages to encode both Manner and Path more frequently than spoken languages.
Resonating valence-bond physics on the honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Patil, Pranay
name: Dasgupta, Ishita
name: Damle, Kedar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bond and spin correlations of the nearest-neighbour resonating valence bond (RVB) wavefunction for a SU($2$) symmetric $S=1/2$ antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice. We find that spin correlations in this wavefunction are short-ranged, while the bond energy correlation function takes on an oscillatory power-law form $D(\vec{r}) \sim \cos({\mathbf Q}\cdot {\vec{r}}) /|{\vec{r}}|^{η_w(2)}$, where ${\mathbf Q} = (2π/3, -2π/3)$ is the wavevector corresponding to "columnar" valence-bond solid order on the honeycomb lattice, and $η_w(2) \approx 1.49(3)$. We use a recently introduced large-$g$ expansion approach to relate bond-energy correlators of the SU($g$) wavefunction to dimer correlations of an interacting fully-packed dimer model with a three-dimer interaction of strength $V(g)=-\log(1+1/g^2)$. Putting $g=2$, we find numerically that the dimer correlation function $D^{d}(\vec{r})$ of this dimer model has power-law behaviour $D^{d}(\vec{r}) \sim \cos({\mathbf Q}\cdot {\vec{r}}) /|{\vec{r}}|^{η_d(2)}$ with $η_d(2) \approx 1.520(15)$, in rather good agreement with the wavefunction results. We also study the same quantities for $g=3,4,10$ and find that the bond-energy correlations in the SU($g$) wavefunction are consistently well-reproduced by the corresponding dimer correlations in the interacting dimer model.
description: 10 pages; two-column prb format; 14 .eps figures; v2: version submitted to PRB; v3: published version
Determining Context Factors Used When Selecting Web Development Debugging Strategies
Creators: name: VALENTINA HONG
name: Arab, Maryam
name: Liang, Jenny
name: LaToza, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: When debugging, developers have many strategies they may choose from to proceed. A programming strategy is a series of steps developers take to accomplish a goal. Depending on the context, developers may choose between different strategies. Developers with more effective strategies, or better ways to choose between strategies, are able to debug substantially faster. To understand these context factors, we are designing a study to investigate the strategies developers may choose when debugging and the context factors which impact these choices. Developers will be given a list of common debugging strategies and common debugging problems. Developers will then be asked to identify what debugging strategy they would use to address each problem, what context factors influenced their choice in strategy, and what strategies would not be effective, based on their personal experiences. We hope this study will provide valuable insights that help developers select more effective debugging strategies.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
A comparison of LLM and human answers to StackOverflow programming questions
Creators: name: RICHA GUPTA
name: MAISHA FARZANA
name: Sajed Jalil
name: LaToza, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly used by developers to help write and debug code and learn new programming languages and frameworks. However, LLMs are prone to hallucination, creating fictitious content, and often confidently produce incorrect or misleading answers. To assess how LLM responses compare to human responses to common programming questions, we are designing a study comparing LLM answers to human answers to StackOverflow questions. We sampled a total of 300 StackOverflow questions, using 100 from the top voted, middle voted, and lowest voted questions to compare across varying types of questions within specified timestamps. To compare LLM answers to human answers, we are using thematic analysis to develop a codebook which identifies elements which differ as well as differences in quality. We hope our future results will highlight LLMs' potential in complementing human expertise in programming.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Orchis maculata Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Linnaeus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Orchidaceae
Orchis
Orchis maculata

description: maculata 12. ORCHIS bulbis palmatis patentibus, nectarii cornu germinibus hreviore: labio plano, petalis dorsalibus e rectis. Act. ups. 1740. p. 14. Fl. Souc. 729. It ael. 48. * Dalib. paris. 274. Orchis palmata parentis maculata. Bauh. pin. 85 Orchis palmata montana maculata. Bauh. pin. 86. Vaill. paris. t. 31 f. 9. 10. Satyrium basilicum femina. Dod. pempt. 240 Habitat in Europae pratis succulentis. ♃ Petala 3 exteriora erecta; 2 interiora conniventia. Nectarii labium trifidum, planum: lobis lateralibus majoribus crenatis: intermdio angustissim, integrerrimo
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, 1753, p. 941 - 943, pp. 941-943 in Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum diferentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas / Caroli Linnæe., Holmiae on page 942, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.37656
Using large language models to author debugging hypotheses
Creators: name: GAVIN CRIGGER
name: RAYMOND FU
name: Abdulaziz Alaboudi
name: LaToza, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Debugging hypotheses are a central part of the debugging process, guiding developers to look for specific evidence to accept or reject their hypotheses about the cause of a defect. Finding a relevant debugging hypothesis quickly can greatly reduce the time developers spend debugging. Techniques can match a debugging context to a debugging hypothesis which might help explain the defect, but require an extensive database of debugging hypotheses to be effective in practice. To create such a database, we investigated using large language models (LLMs) to create hypotheses. We experimented with multiple approaches to generating hypotheses and found LLMs could partially generate hypotheses with a moderate amount of assistance required from human developers. The LLMs ChatGPT and Phind were effective at creating several elements of a debugging hypothesis, but made mistakes that required human intervention. While both could easily generate hypotheses in the correct format, both struggled at integrating information to create hypotheses. While LLMs were helpful for sketching parts of debugging hypotheses, it is important to consider ways to incorporate developer input to revise and refine them.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
The cold mode: A phenomenological model for the evolution of density perturbations in the intracluster medium
Creators: name: Singh, Ashmeet
name: Sharma, Prateek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cool cluster cores are in global thermal equilibrium but are locally thermally unstable. We study a nonlinear phenomenological model for the evolution of density perturbations in the ICM due to local thermal instability and gravity. We have analyzed and extended a model for the evolution of an over-dense blob in the ICM. We find two regimes in which the over-dense blobs can cool to thermally stable low temperatures. One for large $t_{\rm {cool}} / t_{\rm {ff}}$ ($t_{\rm {cool}}$ is the cooling time and $t_{\rm {ff}}$ is the free fall time), where a large initial over-density is required for thermal runaway to occur; this is the regime which was previously analyzed in detail. We discover a second regime for $t_{\rm {cool}} / t_{\rm {ff}} \lesssim 1$ (in agreement with Cartesian simulations of local thermal instability in an external gravitational field), where runaway cooling happens for arbitrarily small amplitudes. Numerical simulations have shown that cold gas condenses out more easily in a spherical geometry. We extend the analysis to include geometrical compression in weakly stratified atmospheres such as the ICM. With a single parameter, analogous to the mixing length, we are able to reproduce the results from numerical simulations; namely, small density perturbations lead to the condensation of extended cold filaments only if $t_{\rm {cool}} / t_{\rm {ff}} \lesssim 10$.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures; replaced by the MNRAS-published version
Additional file 1 of Soluble and insoluble dipeptide repeat protein measurements in C9orf72-frontotemporal dementia brains show regional differential solubility and correlation of poly-GR with clinical severity
Creators: name: Quaegebeur, Annelies
name: Glaria, Idoia
name: Tammaryn Lashley
name: Isaacs, Adrian M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary data.
Ab initio study of the relationship between spontaneous polarization and p-type doping in quasi-freestanding graphene on H-passivated SiC surfaces
Creators: name: Slawinska, J.
name: Aramberri, H.
name: Muñoz, M. C.
name: Cerdá, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-free standing graphene (QFG) obtained by the intercalation of a hydrogen layer between a SiC surface and the graphene is recognized as an excellent candidate for the development of graphene based technology. In addition, the recent proposal of a direct equivalence between the $p$-type doping typically found for these systems and the spontaneous polarization (SP) associated to the particular SiC polytype, opens the possibility of tuning the number of carriers in the Dirac cones without the need of external gate voltages. However, first principles calculations which could confirm at the atomic scale the effect of the SP are lacking mainly due to the difficulty of combining a bulk property such as the SP with the surface confined graphene doping. Here we develop an approach based on standard density functional theory (DFT) slab calculations in order to quantify the effect of the SP on the QFG doping level. First, we present an accurate scheme to estimate the SPs by exploiting the dependence of the slab's dipole moment with its thickness. Next, and in order to circumvent the DFT shortcomings associated to polar slab geometries, a double gold layer is attached at the C-terminated bottom of the slab which introduces a metal induced gap state that pins the chemical potential inside the gap thus allowing a meaningful comparison of the QFG dopings among different polytypes. Furthermore, the slab dipole can be removed after adjusting the Au-Au interlayer distances. Our results confirm that the SP does indeed induce a substantial p-doping of the Dirac cones which can be as large as a few hundreds of meV depending on the hexagonality of the polytype. The evolution of the doping with the slab thickness reveals that several tens of SiC bilayers are required to effectively remove the depolarization field and recover the macroscopic regime whereby the graphene doping should equal the SP.
Additional file 1 of Lifestyle and psychosocial factors associated with maintenance of normal body mass index in college students: a cross sectional study
Creators: name: Arnetz, Bengt B.
name: Templin, Thomas N.
name: K.-L. Catherine Jen
name: Sukhesh Sudan
name: Arnetz, Judith E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Survey instrument.
Effects of healthy aging and left hemisphere stroke on statistical language learning
Creators: name: Fama, Mackenzie E.
name: Schuler, Kathryn D.
name: Newport, Elissa L.
name: Turkeltaub, Peter E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Spoken sentences are continuous streams of sound, without reliable acoustic cues to word boundaries. We have previously proposed that language learners identify words via an implicit statistical learning mechanism that computes transitional probabilities between syllables. Neuroimaging studies in healthy young adults associate this learning with left inferior frontal gyrus, left arcuate fasciculus, and bilateral striatum. Here, we test the effects of healthy aging and left hemisphere (LH) injury on statistical learning. Following 10-minute exposure to an artificial language, participants rated familiarity of Words, Part-words (sequences spanning word boundaries), and Non-words (unfamiliar sequences). Young controls (N = 14) showed robust learning, rating Words > Part-words > Non-words. Older controls (N = 28) showed this pattern to a weaker degree. Stroke survivors (N = 24) as a group showed no learning. A lesion comparison examining individual differences revealed that “non-learners” are more likely to have anterior lesions. Together, these findings demonstrate that word segmentation is sensitive to healthy aging and LH injury.
Columnar order and Ashkin-Teller criticality in mixtures of hard-squares and dimers
Creators: name: Ramola, Kabir
name: Damle, Kedar
name: Dhar, Deepak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that critical exponents of the transition to columnar order in a {\em mixture} of $2 \times 1$ dimers and $2 \times 2$ hard-squares on the square lattice {\em depends on the composition of the mixture} in exactly the manner predicted by the theory of Ashkin-Teller criticality, including in the hard-square limit. This result settles the question regarding the nature of the transition in the hard-square lattice gas. It also provides the first example of a polydisperse system whose critical properties depend on composition. Our ideas also lead to some interesting predictions for a class of frustrated quantum magnets that exhibit columnar ordering of the bond-energies at low temperature.
description: 4pages, 2-column format + supplementary material; v2: published version including supplemental material
title: Die Darstellung von Geschlecht, Beziehung und Dating in der deutschen Reality TV-Sendung "Der Bachelor" (RTL)
Creators: name: Kmetovics, Julia
Year: 2021

description: Jährlich verfolgen rund 3,6 Millionen Menschen vor den Fernsehbildschirmen wie der Bachelor in der gleichnamigen RTL-Sendung Rosen an junge Frauen verteilt, die sich nach der „wahren Liebe“ sehnen. Tränen, Drama und Action sind die bewährte Mischung populärer Reality TV-Shows, bei denen „echte“ Menschen und Emotionen im Mittelpunkt stehen. Dabei wird jedoch oft auf stereotype Darstellungen zurückgegriffen, die den Zuseher*innen als „Wirklichkeit“ präsentiert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie Geschlecht und Sexualität in der zehnten Staffel von Der Bachelor dargestellt und innerhalb der Sendungsstruktur naturalisiert werden. Mithilfe der Film- und Fernsehanalyse von Lothar Mikos soll die Staffel daraufhin untersucht werden, wie das Setting bereits eine geschlechterspezifische Hierarchie erzeugt, die sich auch in den Idealen für Beziehung und den Dates ausdrückt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt auf, dass die Sendung Der Bachelor des deutschen Privatsenders RTL heteronormative Vorstellungen von Geschlecht als Ideal präsentiert und eine traditionelle Paarbeziehung zwischen Frau und Mann als Voraussetzung für ein glückliches Leben darstellt, wobei andere Lebensmodelle oder sexuelle Orientierungen durch das Konzept bereits von vornherein ausgeschlossen werden.
description: Around 3,6 million people watch the Bachelor handing out roses to young women who wish for “true love” on television every year. The successful mix of popular reality television shows includes tears, drama and action and features “real” people and emotions. However, the shows often use stereotypical representations, which are then presented as “reality” to the audience. This thesis analyses how gender and sexuality are represented in the tenth season of Der Bachelor and how the show’s structure and narrative naturalize them. Using Lothar Mikos’s Film and Television Analysis this research aims to illuminate how the setting establishes a gender specific hierarchy that is also revealed in the ideals for relationships and dating. This Master’s thesis shows how Der Bachelor, produced by the German commercial television station RTL, presents heteronormative ideas of gender as ideal and depicts a traditional relationship between a woman and a man as a requirement for a happy life. The show’s concept excludes other modes of life or sexual orientations from the start.
Additional file 1 of Barriers to effective prescribing in older adults: applying the theoretical domains framework in the ambulatory setting – a scoping review
Creators: name: Lau, Sabrina
name: Lun, Penny
name: Ang, Wendy
name: Tan, Keng Teng
name: Yew Yoong Ding
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy for peer-reviewed data bases
title: Synthesis of a Dicyclopenta[a, e]pentalene by [6 + 2]-Cycloaddition of 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-5-vinylidenecyclopentadiene and Consecutive 8π-Electrocyclic Reaction
Creators: name: Stowasser, Bernd
name: Hafner, Klaus
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: The first non-benzenoid, linearly annelated, tetracyclic system with [4n + 2]-perimeter and [4n]-partial structures was obtained by dimerization of the allene derivative 1 via [6 + 2]-cycloaddition. Subsequent 8π-electrocyclization yielded a tetraquinane, which could be dehydrogenated to the title compound 2.
title: Numerical modelling of entropy production in mixed convection heat transfer
Creators: name: Ogban, Peter Unor
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: Energy losses in fluids engineering systems occur due to thermal and viscous irreversibilities. These irreversibilities can be tracked to identify regions of design modification for efficiency improvement in thermofluid systems. The rate of entropy production in numerical heat transfer is an important parameter that characterizes the degree of these irreversibilities. This can lead to improved designs with higher system efficiency levels for energy savings in various engineering applications. Previous conventional techniques have generally detected energy losses on a global scale or end-to-end basis. This thesis focuses on two-dimensional numerical modeling of entropy generation and the Second Law of Thermodynamics in mixed convection heat transfer. A Control-Volume Based Finite Element Method (CVFEM) is used to discretize and solve the governing conservation equations. An entropy-based algorithm is developed by post-processing of the velocity and temperature fields to obtain numerical predictions of the rate of entropy production. The new model is used to analyze heat transfer and entropy production for both natural and mixed convection in enclosures filled with different fluids, including nanofluids. The optimal conditions for which viscous and thermal irreversibilities are minimized is analyzed. The results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are validated using available benchmark data. A new approach for minimizing the rate of entropy production in different flow configurations with nanofluids is also obtained. In addition, the local entropy production rates are obtained from two forms of the discretized Second Law – namely, transport and positive-definite forms of the entropy transport equation. The computed local entropy generation rates from both methods are compared and related to expected numerical errors from available benchmark solutions. An entropy-based error indicator is determined to assess the solution accuracy of fluid flow simulations with heat transfer using the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The formulation presents a new approach for the characterization of numerical error using a parameter called the “apparent entropy production difference.” Furthermore, a corrective mechanism on the numerical algorithm is developed. The transport entropy is used to calculate an artificial viscosity (named as an entropy-based artificial viscosity) to reduce the numerical error and ensure closer compliance with the Second Law.
title: Der ungeheure Organismus
Creators: name: Lang, Lukas
Year: 2021

description: Die Formen propagandistischer Kommunikation der kriegsführenden Staaten während des Ersten Weltkriegs waren divers. Eine besondere Ausprägung stellt in diesem Kontext das multimediale Format der Kriegsausstellung dar. Im Sommer 1916 und 1917 veranstaltete man auf dem Gelände des Praters die „Wiener Kriegsausstellung“. Hier sollte die Bevölkerung (das „Hinterland“) von der Sinnhaftigkeit des Kriegs überzeugt und zugleich zum Durchhalten animiert werden. Besonders die kriegswirtschaftlichen Aspekte wurden von den Ausstellern in den Fokus gerückt, der Krieg wurde als produktive und sinnstiftende Kraft dargestellt. Das private Unternehmen war zu Beginn ein Projekt gesellschaftlich honoriger Persönlichkeiten mit teilweise politischem Hintergrund. Obgleich unter den Vorzeichen der Kriegsfürsorge veranstaltet, war es klar gewinnorientiert. Bei der Organisation des Projektes war man allerdings mit Widerständen konfrontiert – mangelnde Erfahrung und Agitation wirtschaftlicher Interessensgruppen –, was es moralisch und finanziell beschädigte. Das Kriegsministerium übernahm letzten Endes die Kontrolle über die Ausstellung und konnte somit auch von den Einnahmen profitieren, die Organisatoren des Projektes mussten hingegen einen finanziellen Verlust in Kauf nehmen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht anhand archivalischer Quellen und publizistischer Medien die bisher wenig thematisierte Kriegsausstellung im Prater. Der erste Teil versucht die Projektwerdung anhand von Korrespondenzen zwischen den verschiedenen Akteuren – Arbeitsausschuss, Ministerien, Interessensgruppen und Behörden – nachzuzeichnen. Untersucht werden hierbei die jeweiligen Argumente und Interessenslagen, die letztlich die Form der Ausstellung 1916 und 1917 mitbestimmen sollten. Im zweiten Teil wird die mediale Rezeption der Ausstellung u.a. durch umfassende Analyse der Presseberichterstattung thematisiert. Besonders im Zusammenspiel mit den markanten Attraktionen der Ausstellung – etwa Bundestheater, Kino, „Schauschützengraben“ und Marineschauspiele – werden Spannungsfelder offensichtlich, die für das Projekt prägend waren. Letztlich wurde auch hier die Frage verhandelt, ob – und wenn ja, in welcher Form – Unterhaltung in den „ernsten“ Kriegszeiten legitim war.
title: The impact of systemic corruption, organized crime and clientalism on modern day Montenegro
Creators: name: Calovic, Milan
Year: 2021

description: Das kleine adriatische Land Montenegro steht vor beispiellosen Problemen in Bezug auf ein Ausmass an Korruption, das in der Geschichte der Menschheit selten repliziert oder in einem anderen System gesehen wurde. Dies ist vor allem Milo Djukanović, Präsident von Montenegro und Chef der Demokratischen Partei der Sozialisten (DPS), die weder demokratisch noch sozialistisch ist, zu verdanken. Im August 2020 verloren Djukanović und die DPS erstmals in der Geschichte Montenegros die parlamentarische Mehrheit. Die neue Regierung, die aus einer vielfältigen Koalition besteht, will die Korruption bekämpfen, wie erfolgreich sie sein wird, bleibt abzuwarten.
description: The small Adriatic country of Montenegro faces unprecedented problems in terms of a scale of corruption, rarely replicated or seen in any other system in human history. This is largely due to Milo Djukanović, president of Montenegro and head of the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS), which is weather democratic nor socialist. In August 2020 Djukanović and the DPS lost the parliamentary majority for the first time in Montenegro’s history. The new government made up of a diverse coalition vows to fight corruption, how successful they will be remains to be seen.
Scaling ChatGPT to Building Larger Applications with Microtask Programming
Creators: name: EMI ZHANG
name: HENRY HU
name: MANOHAR NOOKALA
name: Aghayi, Emad
name: LaToza, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) bring the potential to revolutionize programming by enabling developers to synthesize code and whole programs from natural language descriptions. However, current LLMs are limited in the size of the code they can generate and by their tendency to generate incorrect code. These limitations require new ways for human developers to guide the code generation offered by LLMs. To explore this direction, we investigated using LLMs to generate code within a microtask programming workflow. Microtask programming is a software development method in which developers write complex software through short, self-contained microtasks including testing, implementing, debugging, and reviewing functions. We envision using ChatGPT to write code for one function, which developers can then use microtasks to review and to suggest changes, enabling more complex software application to be built step by step. We investigated the feasibility of this process by using ChatGPT to generate code from descriptions of functions taken from microtasks and evaluating their correctness using a unit test suite. Our findings reveal that ChatGPT-generated functions successfully passed 70% (24 out of 34) of unit tests in one codebase and 59% (23 out of 39) in a second codebase. Overall, our findings indicate promising prospects for using ChatGPT as part of a microtask workflow to build more complex software.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Takuan: Root Causing Order-Dependent Flaky Tests through Analysis of Dynamic Invariants
Creators: name: NATE LEVIN
name: Yule Zhang
name: Shi, August
name: Lam, Wing
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Automated testing is crucial to the development of stable, effective software. It allows developers to confidently make changes while preventing regressions in functionality. When tests can both pass and fail on the same version of code, they are known as “flaky tests.” Some flaky tests, known as order-dependent (OD) flaky tests, will pass or fail depending on test execution order. Prior work has investigated using dynamic tracing information to root cause flaky tests, but no work has utilized dynamic invariants, which are conditions that always hold true at a given point in a program (e.g., a field always has a certain value). We present Takuan, a framework for analyzing and root causing OD tests using dynamic invariants. Given an OD test, Takuan finds differences in the invariants collected from passing and failing runs, outputting “problem invariants”. Takuan then searches for methods that influence the problem invariants. We tested Takuan on 11 OD tests from 11 open-source projects taken from a public dataset. Takuan correctly found a problem invariant in five of the tests and indicated an influential method in three of the tests. Our work implies that dynamic invariants may be an effective way to root cause OD tests.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Secondary "Smile"-gap in the density of states of a diffusive Josephson junction for a wide range of contact types
Creators: name: Reutlinger, J.
name: Glazman, L.
name: Nazarov, Yu. V.
name: Belzig, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting proximity effect leads to strong modifications of the local density of states in diffusive or chaotic cavity Josephson junctions, which displays a phase-dependent energy gap around the Fermi energy. The so-called minigap of the order of the Thouless energy $E_{\mathrm{Th}}$ is related to the inverse dwell time in the diffusive region in the limit $E_{\mathrm{Th}}\llΔ$, where $Δ$ is the superconducting energy gap. In the opposite limit of a large Thouless energy $E_{\mathrm{Th}}\ggΔ$, a small new feature has recently attracted attention, namely, the appearance of a further secondary gap, which is around two orders of magnitude smaller compared to the usual superconducting gap. It appears in a chaotic cavity just below the superconducting gap edge $Δ$ and vanishes for some value of the phase difference between the superconductors. We extend previous theory restricted to a normal cavity connected to two superconductors through ballistic contacts to a wider range of contact types. We show that the existence of the secondary gap is not limited to ballistic contacts, but is a more general property of such systems. Furthermore, we derive a criterion which directly relates the existence of a secondary gap to the presence of small transmission eigenvalues of the contacts. For generic continuous distributions of transmission eigenvalues of the contacts, no secondary gap exists, although we observe a singular behavior of the density of states at $Δ$. Finally, we provide a simple one-dimensional scattering model which is able to explain the characteristic "smile" shape of the secondary gap.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
The Use of CBD and HU308 in HIV-1 Infected cells and their response to M1
Creators: name: SABRINA ROJAS
name: Williams, Anastasia
name: Fatah Kashanchi
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a lifelong retrovirus that has no current cure, however with combine antiretroviral therapy (cART) the progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be prevented. Because of cART treatment, those with HIV-1 infections, lives have been extended, but with longstanding HIV-1 infection, the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) becomes an issue, leaving lifelong ailments for those who suffer from the infection. Other research has previously shown that CBD can reduce viral proteins and viral RNA along with EVs released from the Myeloid cells, furthermore, CBD has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Here we’re testing CBD and its synthetic analog HU308 to test the outputted macrophage markers to see if they activate macrophages to the M1 state. Extracellular vesicles were collected from HIV-1 infected monocytes, then were treated with HU308 or CBD, placed on uninfected monocyte differentiated macrophages. We analyzed recipient cells for M1 cell receptors, along with M1 cytokine mRNA from recipient cells treated with extracellular vesicles. The data showed that the 2k subpopulation from HIV-1-infected myeloid cells when treated with either CBD or HU308 decreased the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA IL-1β released from recipient cells. This data along with previous data showing a decrease in proinflammatory cytokine with cannabinoid indicated that CBD or HU308 could be a potential benefit to current cART in the prevention of HAND.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Copernicus in situ TAC, Global ocean delayed mode currents from drifting buoys, Product User Manual - PUM
Creators: name: Rio, Marie-Hélène
name: Etienne, Hélène
Publisher: name: Copernicus in situ TAC
Year: 2018

description: This document is the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service for In Situ observations Product User Manual (PUM) on the global currents product from drifting buoys.
It describes how it is built, what is the content, what data services are available to access them, and how to use the files.

The In Situ delayed mode product designed for reanalysis purposes integrates the best available version of in situ data for ocean surface currents.
The data are collected from the Surface Drifter Data Assembly Centre (SD-DAC at NOAA AOML). All surface drifters data have been processed to check for drogue loss. Drogued and undrogued drifting buoy surface ocean currents are provided with a drogue presence flag as well as a wind slippage correction for undrogued buoys.
Altimeter and wind data have been used to extract the direct wind slippage from the total drifting buoy velocities. This product is designed to be assimilated into or for validation purposes of operational models operated by ocean forecasting centers for reanalysis purposes or for research community. These users need data aggregated and quality controlled in a reliable and documented manner.
General relativistic, nonstandard model for the dark sector of the Universe
Creators: name: Stichel, P. C.
name: Zakrzewski, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general relativistic version of the self-gravitating fluid model for the dark sector of the Universe (darkon fluid) introduced in Phys. Rev. 80 (2009) 083513 and extended and reviewed in Entropy (2013) 559. This model contains no free parameters in its Lagrangian. The resulting energy-momentum tensor is dustlike with a nontrivial energy-flow. In an approximation valid at sub-Hubble scales we find that the cosmic acceleration is not attributed to any kind of negative pressure but it is due to a dynamically determined sign change of the energy density. This property turns out to be equivalent to a time-dependent, sign changing curvature. The cosmological equations obtained agree with those of the nonrelativistic model but they are given a new physical interpretation. Furthermore we have derived the self-consistent equation to be satisfied by the nonrelativistic gravitational potential produced by a galactic halo in our model from a weak field limit of a generalized Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation.
description: 28 pages to appear in EPJC
Exciting flavored bound states
Creators: name: Rojas, E.
name: El-Bennich, B.
name: de Melo, J. P. B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ground and radial excitations of flavor singlet and flavored pseudoscalar mesons within the framework of the rainbow-ladder truncation using an infrared massive and finite interaction in agreement with recent results for the gluon-dressing function from lattice QCD and Dyson-Schwinger equations. Whereas the ground-state masses and decay constants of the light mesons as well as charmonia are well described, we confirm previous observations that this truncation is inadequate to provide realistic predictions for the spectrum of excited and exotic states. Moreover, we find a complex conjugate pair of eigenvalues for the excited $D_{(s)}$ mesons, which indicates a non-Hermiticity of the interaction kernel in the case of heavy-light systems and the present truncation. Nevertheless, limiting ourselves to the leading contributions of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes, we find a reasonable description of the charmed ground states and their respective decay constants.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables; various typos corrected; 3 additional references; as published in PRD
Orchis conopsea Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Linnaeus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Orchidaceae
Orchis
Orchis conopsea

description: conopsea 13. ORCHIS bulbis palmatis, nectarii cornu, setaceo germinibus longiore: labio crenao. Act. ups. 1740. p. 13. Fl. suec. 727 * Dalib. paris. 275. Orchis radicibus palmatis, hracteis longitudine floris, nectarii labio triffido, seta germinibus longiore. Hort. cliff. 429 Orchis palmata minor, calcaribus oblongis. Bauh. pin. 85. Vaill. paris. t. 30 f. 8. 8. Sayrium basilicum mas. Fuchs. hist. 712 β. Orchis palmata angustifolia minor. Bauh. pin. 85. γ. Orchis palmata pratensis maxima. Bauh. pin. 85. Habitat in Europae partis montosis
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, 1753, p. 941 - 943, pp. 941-943 in Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum diferentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas / Caroli Linnæe., Holmiae on page 942, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.37656
Do japanese citizens move to rural areas seeking a slower life? Differences between rural and urban areas in subjective well-being
Creators: name: Sasaki, Hiroki
Publisher: name: Bio-based and Applied Economics
Year: 2018

description: For some time, individuals in multiple contexts have been moving from rural to urban areas for economic reasons. In recent years, however, young people in Japan have been increasingly turning to rural areas to embrace a slower, less-hectic lifestyle. Despite this interesting development, researchers have thus far failed to identify determinants of residents’ well-being in rural and urban areas in Japan. Moreover, recent empirical work has shown that stated happiness or subjective well-being (SWB) can serve as an empirical proxy for perceived utility. To expand upon this line of research, in this paper, I use SWB to gauge disparities between the Japanese rural and urban environments. In addition, I determine how natural capital and social capital affect SWB for both rural and urban residents. Results show that on average, rural residents report higher SWB than urban residents despite low average income. I also identify multiple factors other than household income that affect SWB; these relationships are particularly pronounced for rural residents. Finally, results demonstrate that residents that migrate from urban to rural areas reported high levels of SWB. Taken together, the results of this study provide new insight into rural values and the attractiveness of rural residency.
description: Bio-based and Applied Economics, Vol 7 No 1 (2018):
Frobenius manifolds, Integrable Hierarchies and Minimal Liouville Gravity
Creators: name: Belavin, A. A.
name: Belavin, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the connection between the Frobrenius manifold and the Douglas string equation to further investigate Minimal Liouville gravity. We search a solution of the Douglas string equation and simultaneously a proper transformation from the KdV to the Liouville frame which ensure the fulfilment of the conformal and fusion selection rules. We find that the desired solution of the string equation has explicit and simple form in the flat coordinates on the Frobenious manifold in the general case of (p,q) Minimal Liouville gravity.
description: 17 pages; v2: typos removed, some comments added, minor corrections
title: Einheit oder Vielfalt?
Creators: name: Krause, Cosma
Year: 2021

description: Musikvideos stehen zwischen Kunst und Kommerz und haben nachweislich identitätsstiftendes Potenzial für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene. Betrachtungen zu Gender-Repräsentation gibt es in diesem Zusammenhang bereits und hier knüpft die vorliegende Arbeit an und analysiert in einem nächsten Schritt den Umgang der Geschlechter innerhalb von (angehenden) Liebesbeziehungen. Hierfür wurden die aktuell erfolgreichsten Musikvideos ausgewählt, damit die Ergebnisse repräsentativ für die am häufigsten rezipierten Botschaften stehen können. Die Frage, mit der sich die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt, lautet daher: Wie werden Liebesbeziehungen in den meistgestreamten Musikvideos auf YouTube dargestellt? Die Arbeit beginnt mit einer Einführung zum Musikvideo und seiner Wirkung und geht in diesem Bezug besonders auf Gender ein. Darauf folgen Definitionen und aktuelle Betrachtungen zur Liebesbeziehung, sowie ihrer Inszenierung in anderen Medien. Ohne aus dem Blick zu verlieren, dass das Musikvideo ein wirtschaftlicher und künstlerischer Gegenstand ist und die Vermittlung von Werten hier kaum eine Rolle spielen wird, sollen trotzdem die vermittelten Botschaften kritisch mit Literatur in Verhältnis gesetzt werden, um am Ende ein reflektiertes Konsumieren zu ermöglichen. Als Methode dient eine auf Musikvideos adaptierte Form der quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Rössler. Anhand dieser Methode wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit herausgearbeitet, welche Bilder von Aspekten (Kennenlern-Szenarien, Nähe, Umgangsformen, Konflikte) einer Liebesbeziehung in den meistgestreamten Musikvideos vorrangig präsent sind, um zu identifizieren, welche Darstellungen unter Zuschauer*innen überwiegend verbreitet werden.
The Tomasch effect in nanoscale superconductors
Creators: name: Zhang, L. -F.
name: Covaci, L.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Tomasch effect (TE) is due to quasiparticle interference (QPI) as induced by a nonuniform superconducting order parameter, which results in oscillations in the density of states (DOS) at energies above the superconducting gap. Quantum confinement in nanoscale superconductors leads to an inhomogenerous distribution of the Cooper-pair condensate, which we found triggers the manifestation of a new TE. We investigate the electronic structure of the nanoscale superconductors by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations self-consistently and obtain the TE determined by two types of processes, involving two or three particle QPIs. Both types of QPIs result in additional BCS-like Bogoliubov-quasiparticles and BCS-like energy gaps leading to oscillations in the DOS and modulated wave patterns in the local density of states. These effects are strongly related to the symmetries of the system. A reduced $4 \times 4$ inter-subbands BdG Hamiltonian is established in order to describe analytically the TE of two-QPIs. Our study is relevant to nanoscale superconductors, either nanowires or thin films, Bose-Einsten condensates and confined systems such as two-dimensional electron gas interface superconductivity.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
SAM multipliers and subsystems: structural analysis of the Basilicata’s agri-food sector
Creators: name: Viccaro, Mauro
name: Rocchi, Benedetto
name: Cozzi, Mario
name: Romano, Severino
Publisher: name: Bio-based and Applied Economics
Year: 2018

description: Local agri-food products are conceived as a form of cultural capital, representing potentially fruitful resources for rural development. Italy and its regions offer a rich and diverse agricultural and food heritage that has led to the creation of numerous quality agri-food systems. Despite their ability to absorb disturbances and maintain their functions, it is important to develop economic models targeted to analyse the relationships among the components of food systems, in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses and drive the implementation of sectoral policies. In view of the new Rural Development Programme (2014-2020), the aim of this work is to analyse the structure of the Basilicata’s agri-food system using a multi-sector model based on a two-region SAM, specifically developed for Basilicata, an Italian region characterised by a highly specialised agri-food sector. Results show that the availability of a highly disaggregate multi-sector model of the regional economy may be a valuable supporting tool to design regional policies for innovation and for the development of rural areas, laying the foundation for further analysis.
description: Bio-based and Applied Economics, Vol 7 No 1 (2018):
Measuring the complexity of complying with phytosanitary standard: the case of French and Chilean fresh apples
Creators: name: DeMaria, Federica
name: Lubello, Pasquale
name: Drogué, Sophie
Publisher: name: Bio-based and Applied Economics
Year: 2018

description: Nowadays, complying with technical, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations and standards is becoming more and more demanding due to their proliferation and increasing complexity. Consequently, increasing requirements in plant health protection and food safety can lead to a loss of competitiveness in countries that are major exporters of fresh products, causing a redistribution of the market shares in certain sectors. Exporters complying with regulatory standards benefit from better market access and avoid boarder rejection or product downgrading but incur additional costs due to additional procedures and paperwork. This is the case for French apples producers which are losing competitiveness compared to the Chilean ones on foreign markets. This situation can be partially explained by the difficulties of French exporters to comply with international SPS requirements. The aim of this article is first to make a compilation of phytosanitary requirements facing French and Chilean exporters of fresh apples, then to propose a score (hereafter phytosanitary score) which allows to assess the degree of complexity of these SPS requirements. This score is interesting as it synthesizes qualitative information in a metric which can be easily used in quantitative analysis. The results show that even if France and Chile are rather close in terms of SPS requirements, Chilean apples exporters are more capable to comply with foreign SPS requisites than the French ones.
description: Bio-based and Applied Economics, Vol 7 No 1 (2018):