cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
TIC-320687387 B: a long-period eclipsing M-dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit
Creators: name: Gill, Samuel
name: Ulmer-Moll, Solene
name: Wheatley, Peter J.
name: Bayliss, Daniel
name: Burleigh, Matthew R.
name: Acton, Jack S.
name: Casewell, Sarah L.
name: Watson, Christopher A.
name: Lendl, Monika
name: Worters, Hannah L.
name: Sefako, Ramotholo R.
name: Anderson, David R.
name: Alves, Douglas R.
name: Bouchy, François
name: Bryant, Edward M.
name: Eigmüller, Philipp
name: Gillen, Edward
name: Goad, Michael R.
name: Grieves, Nolan
name: Günther, Maximilian N.
name: Henderson, Beth A.
name: Jenkins, James S.
name: Mishra, Lokesh
name: Moyano, Maximiliano
name: Osborn, Hugh P.
name: Tilbrook, Rosanna H.
name: Udry, Stéphane
name: Vines, Jose I.
name: West, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are using precise radial velocities from CORALIE together with precision photometry from the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) to follow up stars with single-transit events detected with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). As part of this survey we identified a single transit on the star TIC-320687387, a bright (T=11.6) G-dwarf observed by TESS in Sector 13 and 27. From subsequent monitoring of TIC-320687387 with CORALIE, NGTS, and Lesedi we determined that the companion, TIC-320687387 B,is a very low-mass star with a mass of $96.2 \pm _{2.0}^{1.9} M_J$ and radius of $1.14 \pm _{0.02}^{0.02} R_J$ placing it close to the hydrogen burning limit ($\sim 80 M_J$). TIC-320687387 B has a wide and eccentric orbit, with a period of 29.77381 days and an eccentricity of $0.366 \pm 0.003$. Eclipsing systems such as TIC-320687387 AB allow us to test stellar evolution models for low-mass stars, which in turn are needed to calculate accurate masses and radii for exoplanets orbiting single low-mass stars. The wide orbit of TIC-320687387 B makes it particularly valuable as its evolution can be assumed to be free from perturbations caused by tidal interactions with its G-type host star.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to MNRAS
Tunable giant two-dimensional optical beam shift from a tilted linear polarizer
Creators: name: Modak, Niladri
name: Das, Sayantan
name: Bordoloi, Priyanuj
name: Ghosh, Nirmalya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an intriguing giant optical beam shift in a tilted polarizer system analogous to the Imbert-Fedorov shift in partial reflection around the Brewster's angle of incidence. We explain this giant shift using a generalized theoretical treatment for beam shift in a tilted uniaxial anisotropic material incorporating the three-dimensional orientation of its optic axis in the laboratory frame. We further demonstrate regulated control and tunability of both the magnitude and direction of the shifts by wisely tuning the input polarization and the corresponding orientation angles. These findings open up the possibility of precise micron-level beam steering using a simple linear polarizer.
Efficacy of a Single Dose Administration of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Comparison with Acetaminophen for the Relief of Perineal Pain after Childbirth: A randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Preeyaporn  Harasai
Publisher: name: PIMDEE Co., Ltd.
Year: 2020
Subjects: episiotomy
perineal pain
ibuprofen
acetaminophen

description: Thai Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 28, 1, 24-33
title: Investigation of Selenium Status in Hypo-, Hyper- and Euthyroid Children
Creators: name: Sun, Ping
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1994

description:
Recently, it has been reported that human type I iodothyronine deiodinase, an enzyme important in the conversion of T4 to T3 , is a selenoenzyme. Several studies have reported alterations in plasma selenium level in hypo- and hyperthyroid patients.

Using polarized Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectroscopy, we measured selenium, zinc, copper and manganese concentrations in the plasma and/or red blood cells in children with or without thyroid disease being seen at the outpatient clinic at Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters. Children with thyroid disease were subdivided into untreated, treated and nonresponsive groups. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test and nonparametric correlation programs available in the SPSS program.

Significantly lower plasma selenium concentrations were found in untn:atcd and treated hypothyroid patients when compared to control subjects. No other significant differences for plasma selenium and erythrocyte selenium concentrations were found among the other groups in both hypo- and hyperthyroid patients when compared to controls. No relationship was found between plasma selenium and T4 or TSH levels in hypothyroid patients. However, in hyperthyroid patients, plasma selenium levels correlated negatively to T4 levels and positively with TSH levels.

Significantly lower plasma zinc levels were found in treated and nonresponsive hypothyroid patients. Significantly lower red blood cell zinc levels in untreated and nonresponsive hyperthyroid patients were also found. In addition, significant inverse correlations between red blood cell zinc and T4 were observed in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients.
Fungal levels in houses in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant evacuation zone after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Creators: name: Naohide Shinohara
name: Tokumura, Masahiro
name: Hashimoto, Kazuhiro
name: Asano, Katsuyoshi
name: Kawakami, Yuji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Residences located within 20 km of the damaged Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant were evacuated shortly after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The levels of airborne and surface fungi were measured in six houses in the evacuation zone in August 2012 and February 2013. Airborne fungal levels in all of the houses in the summer were higher than the environmental standard levels for residential houses published in Architectural Institute of Japan (>1000 colony-forming units [CFU]/m3). In two houses whose residents rarely returned to visit, fungal levels were extremely high (>52,000 CFU/m3). Although fungal levels in the winter were much lower than those in the summer, they were still higher than environmental standard levels in several houses. Indoor fungal levels were significantly inversely related to the frequency with which residents returned, but they were not correlated with the air exchange rates, temperature, humidity, or radiation levels. Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. were detected in every house. Aspergillus section Circumdati (Aspergillus ochraceus group) was also detected in several houses. These fungi produced ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B, which have nephrotoxic and carcinogenic potential. The present study suggests that further monitoring of fungal levels is necessary in houses in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant evacuation zone, and that some houses may require fungal disinfection. Implications: The results suggest that residents’ health could be at risk owing to the high levels of airborne fungi and toxic fungi Aspergillus section Circumdati. Therefore, monitoring and decontamination/disinfection of fungi are strongly recommended before residents are allowed to return permanently to their homes. In addition, returning to home with a certain frequency and adequate ventilation are necessary during similar situations, e.g., when residents cannot stay in their homes for a long period, because fungal levels in houses in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant evacuation zone were inversely correlated with the frequency with which residents returned to visit their houses.
Cosmic Ray Intensity Variation Lags Sunspot number: Implications of Late Opening of Solar Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Wang, Yuming
name: Guo, Jingnan
name: Li, Gang
name: Roussos, Elias
name: Zhao, Junwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), the highly energetic particles that may raise critical health issues for astronauts in space, are modulated by solar activity with their intensity lagging behind the sunspot number (SSN) variation by about one year. Previously, this lag has been attributed to a combined effect of outward convecting solar wind and inward propagating GCRs. However, the lag's amplitude and its solar-cycle dependence are still not fully understood (Ross & Chaplin, 2019). By investigating the solar surface magnetic field, we find that the source of heliospheric magnetic field -- the open magnetic flux on the Sun, already lags behind SSN before it convects into heliosphere along with the solar wind. The delay during odd cycles is longer than that during sequential even cycles. Thus, we propose that the GCR lag is primarily due to the greatly late opening of the solar magnetic field with respect to SSN, though solar wind convection and particle transport in the heliosphere also matter. We further investigate the origin of the open flux from different latitudes of the Sun and found that the total open flux is significantly contributed by that from low latitudes where coronal mass ejections frequently occur and also show an odd-even cyclic pattern. Our findings challenge existing theories, and may serve as the physical basis of long-term forecasts radiation dose estimates for manned deep-space exploration missions.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Scalable Speech Enhancement with Dynamic Channel Pruning
Creators: name: Miccini, Riccardo
name: Laroche, Clement
name: Piechowiak, Tobias
name: Pezzarossa, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Speech Enhancement (SE) is essential for improving productivity in remote collaborative environments. Although deep learning models are highly effective at SE, their computational demands make them impractical for embedded systems. Furthermore, acoustic conditions can change significantly in terms of difficulty, whereas neural networks are usually static with regard to the amount of computation performed. To this end, we introduce Dynamic Channel Pruning to the audio domain for the first time and apply it to a custom convolutional architecture for SE. Our approach works by identifying unnecessary convolutional channels at runtime and saving computational resources by not computing the activations for these channels and retrieving their filters. When trained to only use 25% of channels, we save 29.6% of MACs while only causing a 0.75% drop in PESQ. Thus, DynCP offers a promising path toward deploying larger and more powerful SE solutions on resource-constrained devices.
description: Accepted for publication at the 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Prevalence of False Positive 50-g Glucose Challenge Test in Risk-based Screening Before 20 Weeks of Gestation and Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Creators: name: Auakarn  Thananyai
Publisher: name: PIMDEE Co., Ltd.
Year: 2020
Subjects: false positive
gestational diabetes
glucose challenge test
large for gestational age

description: Thai Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 28, 1, 34-43
Finding Evidence for Inflation and the Origin of Galactic Magnetic Fields with CMB Surveys
Creators: name: Mandal, Sayan
name: Sehgal, Neelima
name: Namikawa, Toshiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the $μ$G magnetic fields observed in galaxies is unknown. One promising scenario is that magnetic fields generated during inflation, larger than 0.1 nG on Mpc scales, were adiabatically compressed to $μ$G strengths in galaxies during structure formation. Thus, detecting a scale-invariant primordial magnetic field (PMF) above 0.1 nG on Mpc scales just after recombination would indicate an inflationary origin of galactic magnetic fields. This would also provide compelling evidence that inflation occurred since only an inflationary mechanism could generate such a strong, scale-invariant magnetic field on Mpc scales. In contrast, constraining the scale-invariant PMF strength to be below 0.1 nG would imply an inflationary scenario is not the primary origin, since such weak PMFs cannot be amplified enough via adiabatic compression to produce the strength of the galactic fields we observe today. We find that measurements of anisotropic birefringence by future CMB surveys will be able to improve the sensitivity to Mpc-scale inflationary PMFs by an order of magnitude, and, in particular, that CMB-HD would lower the upper bound to 0.072 nG at the 95% C.L., which is below the critical 0.1 nG threshold for ruling out a purely inflationary origin. If inflationary PMFs exist, we find that a CMB-HD survey would be able to detect them with about $3σ$ significance or higher, providing evidence for inflation itself.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; version matches that published in PRD
The Association between Anterior Uterocervical Angle and Pregnancy between 16-24 Weeks of Gestation
Creators: name: Trinya Chaiwongsa
Publisher: name: PIMDEE Co., Ltd.
Year: 2020
Subjects: uterocervical angle
gestational age
preterm birth

description: Thai Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 28, 1, 44-51
Magnetic helicity fluxes in dynamos from rotating inhomogeneous turbulence
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Vishniac, Ethan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze direct numerical simulations of large-scale dynamos in inhomogeneous nonhelically driven rotating turbulence with and without shear. The forcing is modulated so that the turbulent intensity peaks in the middle of the computational domain and drops to nearly zero at the two ends above and below the midplane. A large-scale dynamo is driven by an $α$ effect of opposite signs in the two hemispheres. In the presence of shear, the hemispheric magnetic helicity flux from small-scale fields becomes important and can even overcompensate for the magnetic helicity transferred by the $α$ effect between large and small scales. This effect has not previously been observed in nonshearing simulations. Our numerical simulations show that the hemispheric magnetic helicity fluxes are nearly independent of the magnetic Reynolds number, but those between large and small scales, and the consequent dynamo effect, are still found to decrease with increasing Reynolds number -- just like in nonshearing dynamos. However, in contrast to nonshearing dynamos, where the generated mean magnetic field declines with increasing magnetic Reynolds number, it is now found to remain independent of it. This suggests that catastrophic dynamo quenching is alleviated by the shear-induced hemispheric small-scale magnetic helicity fluxes that can even overcompensate the fluxes between large and small scales and thereby cause resistive contributions.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables
Numerical studies for an ab initio investigation into the Boltzmann prescription in statistical mechanics of large systems
Creators: name: Dossetti, V.
name: Viswanathan, G. M.
name: Kenkre, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical investigations into the question of the validity of the Boltzmann prescription in Statistical Mechanics for large systems, addressing the issue of whether extensivity of energy implies the extensivity of the Boltzmann entropy. The importance of the question stems from the fact that it is currently considered open by some investigators but quite settled by others. We report ab initio results for gas-like Hamiltonian systems with long-range as well as short-range interactions, based on simulations that explicitly consider more than $2^{30} \approx 10^9$ states of the full Hilbert space. The basis of the technique is Monte Carlo algorithms. Despite the largeness of the numbers used, careful inspection shows that the systems studied are still too small to settle uniquely the issues raised. Therefore, the new approach outlined represents a first step in addressing on first principles the question of non-extensive statistical mechanics. General theoretical comments are also supplied to supplement the numerical investigations.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Michael additions to double bonds of esters of N-protected (s)-phenylalanyldehydroalanine (X-(s)-Phe-ΔAla-OMe) and its phosphonic acid counterpart (X-(s)-Phe-ΔAla-PO(OEt)2)
Creators: name: Paweł Lenartowicz
name: Błażej Dziuk
name: Zarychta, Bartosz
name: Makowski, Maciej
name: Paweł Kafarski
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Electrophilic addition of amines, thiols and bromide to the double bonds of model dehydrodipeptides and dehydrophosphonodipeptide was studied. The double bond in these two classes of peptides reacted similarly and gave the same products. These results indicate that dehydropeptides are very good candidates as substrates for modifications of peptide side-chains.
Generating Traffic Scenarios via In-Context Learning to Learn Better Motion Planner
Creators: name: Aiersilan, Aizierjiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motion planning is a crucial component in autonomous driving. State-of-the-art motion planners are trained on meticulously curated datasets, which are not only expensive to annotate but also insufficient in capturing rarely seen critical scenarios. Failing to account for such scenarios poses a significant risk to motion planners and may lead to incidents during testing. An intuitive solution is to manually compose such scenarios by programming and executing a simulator (e.g., CARLA). However, this approach incurs substantial human costs. Motivated by this, we propose an inexpensive method for generating diverse critical traffic scenarios to train more robust motion planners. First, we represent traffic scenarios as scripts, which are then used by the simulator to generate traffic scenarios. Next, we develop a method that accepts user-specified text descriptions, which a Large Language Model translates into scripts using in-context learning. The output scripts are sent to the simulator that produces the corresponding traffic scenarios. As our method can generate abundant safety-critical traffic scenarios, we use them as synthetic training data for motion planners. To demonstrate the value of generated scenarios, we train existing motion planners on our synthetic data, real-world datasets, and a combination of both. Our experiments show that motion planners trained with our data significantly outperform those trained solely on real-world data, showing the usefulness of our synthetic data and the effectiveness of our data generation method. Our source code is available at https://ezharjan.github.io/AutoSceneGen.
description: We are excited to announce that this paper has been accepted for oral presentation at the AAAI 2025 Main Conference. We are grateful for the insightful feedback from the reviewers and look forward to contributing to the discussions at AAAI
Photoelectron circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission from liquid fenchone
Creators: name: Pohl, Marvin
name: Malerz, Sebastian
name: Trinter, Florian
name: Lee, Chin
name: Kolbeck, Claudia
name: Wilkinson, Iain
name: Thürmer, Stephan
name: Neumark, Daniel M.
name: Nahon, Laurent
name: Powis, Ivan
name: Meijer, Gerard
name: Winter, Bernd
name: Hergenhahn, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental X-ray photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) study of liquid fenchone at the C 1s edge. A novel setup to enable PECD measurements on a liquid microjet [Malerz et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2022, 93, 015101] was used. For the C 1s line assigned to fenchone's carbonyl carbon, a non-vanishing asymmetry is found in the intensity of photoelectron spectra acquired under a fixed angle in the backward-scattering plane. This experiment paves the way towards a novel probe of the chirality of organic/biological molecules in aqueous solution.
description: Main manuscript: 11 pages, 3 figures. Supporting information: 6 pages, 7 figures
The ability of various yeast strains to ferment alcohol from waste rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn) fruit
Creators: name: Duanrung Benjamas
Publisher: name: Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Rambutan, ethanol product fermentation, waste rambutan, alcohol fermentation, rambutan alcohol

description: Interdisciplinary Research Review, 15, 1, 58
A Baseline Statistical Method For Robust User-Assisted Multiple Segmentation
Creators: name: Afser, Huseyin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently, several image segmentation methods that welcome and leverage different types of user assistance have been developed. In these methods, the user inputs can be provided by drawing bounding boxes over image objects, drawing scribbles or planting seeds that help to differentiate between image boundaries or by interactively refining the missegmented image regions. Due to the variety in the types and the amounts of these inputs, relative assessment of different segmentation methods becomes difficult. As a possible solution, we propose a simple yet effective, statistical segmentation method that can handle and utilize different input types and amounts. The proposed method is based on robust hypothesis testing, specifically the DGL test, and can be implemented with time complexity that is linear in the number of pixels and quadratic in the number of image regions. Therefore, it is suitable to be used as a baseline method for quick benchmarking and assessing the relative performance improvements of different types of user-assisted segmentation algorithms. We provide a mathematical analysis on the operation of the proposed method, discuss its capabilities and limitations, provide design guidelines and present simulations that validate its operation.
description: Submitted to IEEE Signal Processing Letters. Is a continuation to our work: H. Af\c{s}er, "Statistical Classification via Robust Hypothesis Testing: Non-Asymptotic and Simple Bounds," in IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 28, pp. 2112-2116, 2021
Influence of the heliospheric current sheet on the evolution of solar wind turbulence
Creators: name: Shi, Chen
name: Velli, Marco
name: Tenerani, Anna
name: Réville, Victor
name: Rappazzo, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) on the evolution of Alfvénic turbulence in the solar wind are studied using MHD simulations incorporating the expanding-box-model (EBM). The simulations show that near the HCS, the Alfvénicity of the turbulence decreases as manifested by lower normalized cross helicity and larger excess of magnetic energy. The numerical results are supported by a superposed-epoch analysis using OMNI data, which shows that the normalized cross helicity decreases inside the plasma sheet surrounding HCS, and the excess of magnetic energy is significantly enhanced at the center of HCS. Our simulation results indicate that the decrease of Alfvénicity around the HCS is due to the weakening of radial magnetic field and the effects of the transverse gradient in the background magnetic field. The magnetic energy excess in the turbulence may be a result of the loss of Alfvénic correlation between velocity and magnetic field and the faster decay of transverse kinetic energy with respect to magnetic energy in a spherically expanding solar wind.
The development of organic agrotourism route connection in Ban Hua Ao Community, Sam Phan District, Nakhon Pathom Province, to promote tourism potential
Creators: name: Prapon Leksuma
Publisher: name: Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Tourism route development, agrotourism, tourism potential

description: Interdisciplinary Research Review, 15, 1, 22
Continuous gravitational waves in the lab: recovering audio signals with a table-top optical microphone
Creators: name: Gardner, James W.
name: Middleton, Hannah
name: Liu, Changrong
name: Melatos, Andrew
name: Evans, Robin
name: Moran, William
name: Beniwal, Deeksha
name: Cao, Huy Tuong
name: Ingram, Craig
name: Brown, Daniel
name: Ng, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave observatories around the world are searching for continuous waves: persistent signals from sources such as spinning neutron stars. These searches use sophisticated statistical techniques to look for weak signals in noisy data. In this paper, we demonstrate these techniques using a table-top model gravitational-wave detector: a Michelson interferometer where sound is used as an analog for gravitational waves. Using signal processing techniques from continuous-wave searches, we demonstrate the recovery of tones with constant and wandering frequencies. We also explore the use of the interferometer as a teaching tool for educators in physics and electrical engineering by using it as an "optical microphone" to capture music and speech. A range of filtering techniques used to recover signals from noisy data are detailed in the Supplementary Material. Here, we present highlights of our results using a combined notch plus Wiener filter and the statistical log minimum mean-square error (logMMSE) estimator. Using these techniques, we easily recover recordings of simple chords and drums, but complex music and speech are more challenging. This demonstration can be used by educators in undergraduate laboratories and can be adapted for communicating gravitational-wave and signal-processing topics to non-specialist audiences.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Supplementary Material: 15 pages, 6 figures. To be published in the American Journal of Physics (accepted December 2021)
Emission factors of fine particulate matter, organic and elemental carbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide for four solid fuels commonly used in residential heating by the U.S. Navajo Nation
Creators: name: Champion, Wyatt M.
name: Connors, Lea
name: Montoya, Lupita D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Most homes in the Navajo Nation use wood as their primary heating fuel, often in combination with locally mined coal. Previous studies observed health effects linked to this solid-fuel use in several Navajo communities. Emission factors (EFs) for common fuels used by the Navajo have not been reported using a relevant stove type. In this study, two softwoods (ponderosa pine and Utah juniper) and two high-volatile bituminous coals (Black Mesa and Fruitland) were tested with an in-use residential conventional wood stove (homestove) using a modified American Society for Testing and Materials/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ASTM/EPA) protocol. Filter sampling quantified PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon in the emissions. Real-time monitoring quantified carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and total suspended particles (TSP). EFs for these air pollutants were developed and normalized to both fuel mass and energy consumed. In general, coal had significantly higher mass EFs than wood for all pollutants studied. In particular, coal emitted, on average, 10 times more PM2.5 than wood on a mass basis, and 2.4 times more on an energy basis. The EFs developed here were based on fuel types, stove design, and operating protocols relevant to the Navajo Nation, but they could be useful to other Native Nations with similar practices, such as the nearby Hopi Nation. Implications: Indoor wood and coal combustion is an important contributor to public health burdens in the Navajo Nation. Currently, there exist no emission factors representative of Navajo homestoves, fuels, and practices. This study developed emission factors for PM2.5, OC, EC, CO, and CO2 using a representative Navajo homestove. These emission factors may be utilized in regional-, national-, and global-scale health and environmental models. Additionally, the protocols developed and results presented here may inform on-going stove design of the first EPA-certified wood and coal combination stove.
Fungal levels in houses in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant evacuation zone after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Creators: name: Naohide Shinohara
name: Tokumura, Masahiro
name: Hashimoto, Kazuhiro
name: Asano, Katsuyoshi
name: Kawakami, Yuji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Residences located within 20 km of the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant were evacuated shortly after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The levels of airborne and surface fungi were measured in six houses in the evacuation zone in August 2012 and February 2013. Airborne fungal levels in all of the houses in the summer were higher than the environmental standard levels for residential houses published in Architectural Institute of Japan (>1,000 CFU/m3). In two houses whose residents rarely returned to visit, fungal levels were extremely high (> 52,000 CFU/m3). Although fungal levels in the winter were much lower than those in the summer, they were still higher than environmental standard levels in several houses. Indoor fungal levels were significantly inversely related to the frequency with which residents returned, but were not correlated with the air exchange rates, temperature, humidity, or radiation levels. Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. were detected in every house. Aspergillus section Circumdati (Aspergillus ochraceus group) was also detected in several houses. These fungi produced ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B, which has nephrotoxic and carcinogenic potential. The present study suggests that further monitoring of fungal levels is necessary in houses in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant evacuation zone, and that some houses may require fungal disinfection. Implication Statement The results suggest that residents’ health could be at risk owing to the high levels of airborne fungi and toxic fungi Aspergillus section Circumdati. Therefore, monitoring and decontamination/disinfection of fungi are strongly recommended before residents are allowed to return permanently to their homes. In addition, returning to home with a certain frequency and adequate ventilation are necessary during similar situations, e.g., when residents cannot stay in their homes for a long period, because fungal levels in houses in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant evacuation zone were inversely correlated with the frequency with which residents returned to visit their houses.
Particle size and chemical composition effects on elemental analysis with the nano aerosol mass spectrometer
Creators: name: Horan, Andrew J.
name: Krasnomowitz, Justin M.
name: Johnston, Murray V.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In the Nano Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (NAMS), particles are irradiated with a high energy laser pulse to produce a plasma that quantitatively disintegrates each particle into positively charged atomic ions. Previous work with this method used electrodynamic focusing and trapping of particles 30 nm dia. and below. In the current work, an aerodynamic focusing inlet was used to study particles between 40 and 150 nm dia. The distribution of atomic ion charge states was found to be particle size dependent, shifting toward lower charges with increasing size. This shift also affected the calibration by which elemental composition was determined from atomic ion signal intensities. Size independent calibration could be achieved by restricting the analysis to particles that gave more than 90% of the total signal intensity as multiply charged ions. This approach worked best for particles smaller than about 100 nm dia. since most spectra met this criterion. For the nanoparticles studied, the elemental mole fractions of Group I and II metals, halogens, and low atomic mass nonmetals could be determined within 10% or less of the expected value when the mole fraction was at the 1% level or greater. Some transition and heavy metals could not be quantified, while others could. Quantification appeared to be dependent on the ability of the element to be vaporized. Elements with high melting and boiling points gave particle mass spectra similar to those obtained by laser desorption ionization—mostly singly charged ions with relative intensities strongly biased toward atoms with low ionization energies. Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research
Sensing performance enhancement via asymmetric gain optimization in the atom-light hybrid interferometer
Creators: name: Yu, Zhifei
name: Fang, Bo
name: Chen, Shuying
name: Liu, Pan
name: Bao, Guzhi
name: Yuan, Chun-hua
name: Chen, L. Q
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SU (1,1)-type atom-light hybrid interferometer (SALHI) is a kind of interferometer that is sensitive to both the optical phase and atomic phase. However, the loss has been an unavoidable problem in practical applications and greatly limits the use of interferometers. Visibility is an important parameter to evaluate the sensing performance of interferometers. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the mitigating effect of the loss on visibility of the SALHI via asymmetric gain optimization, where the maximum threshold of loss to visibility close to $100\%$ is increased. Furthermore, we theoretically find that the optimal condition for the largest visibility is the same as that for the enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to the best value in the presence of losses using the intensity detection, indicating that the visibility can act as an experimental operational criterion for SNR improvement in practical applications. Improvement of the interference visibility means achievement of SNR enhancement. Our results provide a significant foundation for practical application of the SALHI in radar and ranging measurements.
description: 4 figures
Electrically pumped blue laser diodes with nanoporous bottom cladding
Creators: name: Sawicka, Marta
name: Muziol, Grzegorz
name: Fiuczek, Natalia
name: Hajdel, Mateusz
name: Siekacz, Marcin
name: Feduniewicz-Żmuda, Anna
name: Nowakowski-Szkudlarek, Krzesimir
name: Wolny, Paweł
name: Żak, Mikołaj
name: Turski, Henryk
name: Skierbiszewski, Czesław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate electrically pumped III-nitride edge-emitting laser diodes (LDs) with nanoporous bottom cladding. The LD structure was grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Highly doped 350 nm thick GaN:Si cladding layer with Si concentration of 6 x 1019 cm-3 was electrochemically etched to obtain porosity of 15 +/- 3% with pore size of 20 +/- 9 nm. The devices with nanoporous bottom cladding are compared to the refer-ence structures. The pulse mode operation was obtained at 448.7 nm with a slope efficiency (SE) of 0.2 W/A while the reference device without etched cladding layer was lasing at 457 nm with SE of 0.56 W/A. The de-sign of the LDs with porous bottom cladding was modelled theoretically. Performed calculations allowed to choose the optimum porosity and thickness of the cladding needed for the desired optical mode confinement and reduced the risk of light leakage to the substrate and to the top-metal contact. This demonstration opens new possibilities for the fabrication of III-nitride LDs.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Tidal virialization of dark matter haloes with clustering dark energy
Creators: name: Pace, Francesco
name: Schimd, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the analysis of Pace et al., JCAP, 2019, 060, by considering the virialization process in the extended spherical collapse model for clustering dark-energy models, i.e., accounting for dark-energy fluctuations. Differently from the standard approach, here virialization is naturally achieved by properly modelling deviations from sphericity due to shear and rotation induced by tidal interactions. We investigate the time evolution of the virial overdensity $Δ_\mathrm{vir}$ in seven clustering dynamical dark energy models and compare the results to the $Λ$CDM model and to the corresponding smooth dark-energy models. Taking into account all the appropriate corrections, we deduce the abundance of convergence peaks for Rubin Observatory-LSST and Euclid-like weak-lensing surveys, of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich peaks for a Simon Observatory-like CMB survey, and of X-ray peaks for an eROSITA-like survey. Despite the tiny differences in $Δ_\mathrm{vir}$ between clustering and smooth dark-energy models, owing to the large volumes covered by these surveys, five out of seven clustering dark-energy models can be statistically distinguished from $Λ$CDM. The contribution of dark-energy fluctuation cannot be neglected, especially for the Chevallier-Polarski-Limber and Albrecht-Skordis models, provided the instrumental configurations provide high signal-to-noise ratio. These results are almost independent of the tidal virialization model.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Minor modifications with respect to the previous version. Only three references added. Published on JCAP
Particle Size and Chemical Composition Effects on Elemental Analysis with the Nano Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Creators: name: Horan, Andrew J.
name: Krasnomowitz, Justin M.
name: Johnston, Murray V.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In the Nano Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (NAMS), particles are irradiated with a high energy laser pulse to produce a plasma that quantitatively disintegrates each particle into positively charged atomic ions. Previous work with this method used electrodynamic focusing and trapping of particles 30 nm dia. and below. In the current work, an aerodynamic focusing inlet was used to study particles between 40 and 150 nm dia. The distribution of atomic ion charge states was found to be particle size dependent, shifting toward lower charges with increasing size. This shift also affected the calibration by which elemental composition was determined from atomic ion signal intensities. Size independent calibration could be achieved by restricting the analysis to particles that gave more than 90% of the total signal intensity as multiply charged ions. This approach worked best for particles smaller than about 100 nm dia. since most spectra met this criterion. For the nanoparticles studied, the elemental mole fractions of Group I and II metals, halogens, and low atomic mass nonmetals could be determined within 10% or less of the expected value when the mole fraction was at the 1% level or greater. Some transition and heavy metals could not be quantified, while others could. Quantification appeared to be dependent on the ability of the element to be vaporized. Elements with high melting and boiling points gave particle mass spectra similar to those obtained by laser desorption ionization - mostly singly charged ions with relative intensities strongly biased toward atoms with low ionization energies.
Diabatic Hamiltonian matrix elements made simple
Creators: name: Hagino, K.
name: Bertsch, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a view to applying the Generator Coordinate Method to large configuration spaces, we propose a simple approximate formula to compute diabatic many-body matrix elements without having to evaluate two-body interaction matrix elements. The method is illustrated with two analytically solvable Hamiltonians based on the harmonic oscillator.
description: 13 pages, no figure
Invariant embedding approach to secondary electron emission from metals
Creators: name: Bronold, F. X.
name: Fehske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an invariant embedding principle for the backscattering function we calculate the electron emission yield for metal surfaces at very low electron impact energies. Solving the embedding equation within a quasi-isotropic approximation and using the effective mass model for the solid, experimental data are fairly well reproduced provided (i) incoherent scattering on ion cores is allowed to contribute to the scattering cascades inside the solid and (ii) the transmission through the surface potential takes into account Bragg gaps due to coherent scattering on crystal planes parallel to the surface as well as randomization of the electron's lateral momentum due to elastic scattering on surface defects. Our results suggest that in order to get secondary electrons out of metals, the large energy loss due to inelastic electron-electron scattering has to be compensated for by incoherent elastic electron-ion core scattering, irrespective of the crystallinity of the sample.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Data-Driven Modeling and Prediction of Non-Linearizable Dynamics via Spectral Submanifolds
Creators: name: Cenedese, Mattia
name: Axås, Joar
name: Bäuerlein, Bastian
name: Avila, Kerstin
name: Haller, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37N10, 37N15

description: We develop a methodology to construct low-dimensional predictive models from data sets representing essentially nonlinear (or non-linearizable) dynamical systems with a hyperbolic linear part that are subject to external forcing with finitely many frequencies. Our data-driven, sparse, nonlinear models are obtained as extended normal forms of the reduced dynamics on low-dimensional, attracting spectral submanifolds (SSMs) of the dynamical system. We illustrate the power of data-driven SSM reduction on high-dimensional numerical data sets and experimental measurements involving beam oscillations, vortex shedding and sloshing in a water tank. We find that SSM reduction trained on unforced data also predicts nonlinear response accurately under additional external forcing.
description: Under consideration at Nature Communications
THE ROLE OF PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS TOWARDS THE SUCCESS FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Creators: name: SAMUEL GEBRU SEGNI
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019
Subjects: Framework Quality information system templates project Management construction projects project objectives Decision making.

description: Construction industry is one of the biggest industries of today that has a great impact on economy of country and Commonly acknowledged as successful when they are completed in accordance with quality and to stakeholder's satisfaction . in the case of our country most contractors give poor service though poor decision making , poor workmanship and poor quality of inputs during project implementation , and ineffective mechanisms of monitoring progress as well as poor information management which leading to obstructionist of the projects quality or total failure .To overcome those problems, construction industries were investing in the project Quality Management Information System ( PQMIS) to assist project managers . The Survey also aimed to identify gaps, challenges or problems within the systems , while implementing the current practice of PQMIS. Hence, to solve those problems, the study would adopt Purposive sampling and quantitative research approach at 32 BC1 which found in Addis Ababa . 32 Questioners were distributed and 87.5 % of questioners were returned in addition to checklist for case study (Observation ) . Using relative importance index (RII ) with excel as basis for analysis , the means of verification for quality requirement on the project success were ranked . The third objective focused on improvements for those problems and about 60.7 % of project managers were not familiar with any mechanisms of PQMIS improvement . But all of them (100 % ) were interested with the drafted framework . Based on these analysed data, this research develops a PQMIS framework with templates to solve project quality related problems. PQMIS framework can provide users with a full view of the ongoing project , along with function to integrate the information . Mean that ,use the framework to generate quality information needed by the user (project manager ) and perform their tasks in a more professional manner which increases the success rate of the project. Therefore , it is recommended that construction building project should adopt the use of PQMIS framework in the management of their projects.