cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accurate molecular energies by extrapolation of atomic energies using an analytic quantum mechanical model
Creators: name: Zope, Rajendra R.
name: Dunlap, Brett I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a new analytic quantum mechanical method based on Slater's Xalpha method, we show that a fairly accurate estimate of the total energy of a molecule can be obtained from the exact energies of its constituent atoms. The mean absolute error in the total energies thus determined for the G2 set of 56 molecules is about 16 kcal/mol, comparable to or better than some popular pure and hybrid density functional models.
description: 5 pages, REVTEX
Mapping Serbia: more targeted rural areas for better policies
Creators: name: Monasterolo, Irene
name: Coppola, Nicola
name: Monasterolo, Irene
name: Coppola, Nicola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: mapping rural areas
subject: policy targeting
subject: RD policy evaluation
subject: EU enlargement

description: The analysis of the experiences of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEs) in transition, which became EU members in the historical 2004 (and 2007) enlargement, evidences the importance of timing and targeting policy intervention for a balanced growth (Monasterolo et. al, 2008). In fact, even if the Countries, till the last financial and economic crisis, showed a clear path of convergence (EC, 2008; EC, 2009) with EU average levels of development thanks to a sustained growth in GDP, at the same time they had to face a notable increase in regional inequality (Brasili, 2005), mainly driven by the persisting backwardness of agricultural and rural areas. The European pre-accession funds had limited effect in preventing the spread in internal divergence because of the lack of ex ante and in itinere monitoring and evaluation (Monasterolo, 2008). Moreover, they failed in addressing specific problems and needs of so variegated areas due to the deficiencies in identifying and defining the characteristics of rural areas (Csáki, 2009). This paper will introduce a new map of Serbia, a current EU pre-accession Country, where a clear identification of rural areas is still lacking (Bogdanov, 2007). We identified the dynamic characteristics of urban and rural areas as well as their strengths and weaknesses, computing a principal components analysis on a group of 37 socio-economic, agricultural and structural variables, which are available periodically at a municipality level. Then, we delineated homogeneous regions through the cluster analysis. This disaggregated mapping at the local level represents the fundamental starting point for developing integrated and diversified rural policies, enriched by a bottom up approach, following a neo-endogenous vision (Hubbard, 2009).
Scalar Pair Production in the Aharonov-Bohm Potential
Creators: name: Shahin, G. Y.
name: Shikakhwa, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of QED, scalar pair production by a single linearly polarized high-energy photon in the presence of an external Aharonov-Bohm potential is investigated. The exact scattering solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation in cylindrically symmetric field are constructed and used to write the first order transition amplitude. The matrix elements and the corresponding differential scattering cross-section are calculated. The pair production at both the nonrelativistic and the ultrarelativistic limits is discussed.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Wireless Powered Mobile Edge Computing: Offloading Or Local Computation?
Creators: name: Psomas, Constantinos
name: Krikidis, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Mobile-edge computing (MEC) and wireless power transfer are technologies that can assist in the implementation of next generation wireless networks, which will deploy a large number of computational and energy limited devices. In this letter, we consider a point-to-point MEC system, where the device harvests energy from the access point's (AP's) transmitted signal to power the offloading and/or the local computation of a task. By taking into account the non-linearities of energy harvesting, we provide analytical expressions for the probability of successful computation and for the average number of successfully computed bits. Our results show that a hybrid scheme of partial offloading and local computation is not always efficient. In particular, the decision to offload and/or compute locally, depends on the system's parameters such as the distance to the AP and the number of bits that need to be computed.
description: IEEE Communications Letters
On the efficient Monte Carlo implementation of path integrals
Creators: name: Predescu, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the Levy-Ciesielski implementation of Lie-Trotter products enjoys several properties that make it extremely suitable for path-integral Monte Carlo simulations: fast computation of paths, fast Monte Carlo sampling, and the ability to use different numbers of time slices for the different degrees of freedom, commensurate with the quantum effects. It is demonstrated that a Monte Carlo simulation for which particles or small groups of variables are updated in a sequential fashion has a statistical efficiency that is always comparable to or better than that of an all-particle or all-variable update sampler. The sequential sampler results in significant computational savings if updating a variable costs only a fraction of the cost for updating all variables simultaneously or if the variables are independent. In the Levy-Ciesielski representation, the path variables are grouped in a small number of layers, with the variables from the same layer being statistically independent. The superior performance of the fast sampling algorithm is shown to be a consequence of these observations. Both mathematical arguments and numerical simulations are employed in order to quantify the computational advantages of the sequential sampler, the Levy-Ciesielski implementation of path integrals, and the fast sampling algorithm.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Source Coding With Distortion Side Information At The Encoder
Creators: name: Martinian, Emin
name: Wornell, Gregory W.
name: Zamir, Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.4; H.1.1

description: We consider lossy source coding when side information affecting the distortion measure may be available at the encoder, decoder, both, or neither. For example, such distortion side information can model reliabilities for noisy measurements, sensor calibration information, or perceptual effects like masking and sensitivity to context. When the distortion side information is statistically independent of the source, we show that in many cases (e.g, for additive or multiplicative distortion side information) there is no penalty for knowing the side information only at the encoder, and there is no advantage to knowing it at the decoder. Furthermore, for quadratic distortion measures scaled by the distortion side information, we evaluate the penalty for lack of encoder knowledge and show that it can be arbitrarily large. In this scenario, we also sketch transform based quantizers constructions which efficiently exploit encoder side information in the high-resolution limit.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
The Economic Impact of the Green Certificate Market through the Macro Multiplier Approach
Creators: name: Ciaschini, Maurizio
name: Severini, Francesca
name: Socci, Claudio
name: Pretaroli, Rosita
name: Ciaschini, Maurizio
name: Severini, Francesca
name: Socci, Claudio
name: Pretaroli, Rosita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Policy
subject: Hybrid I-O model
subject: Macro Multiplier

description: In the last decade, as many other European countries, the Italian Government adopted several reforms in order to increase the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The liberalization of the electricity market that represents one of these reforms aims to reach environmental benefits from the substitution of fossil fuel with renewable sources. The Italian Green Certificate market was introduced in 2002 in order to accomplish this objective and represents a mechanism where a quota of renewable electricity is imposed to suppliers in proportion to their sales. The electricity industries are obliged to meet this condition by producing the quantity of renewable electricity by means of a change in their production process, otherwise they must buy a number of certificates corresponding to the quota. This mechanism changes the importance of the electricity industry first in promoting climate protection, then in terms of the impact on the economy as a whole. A policy aimed to develop the market of green certificates may lead to environmental improvement by switching the energy production process to renewable resources. But above all an increase in demand for green certificates, resulting from a reform on the quota of renewable electricity, can generate positive change in all components of the industrial production. For this purpose, the paper aims to quantify the economic impact of a reform on Green Certificate market for the Italian system by means of the Macro Multiplier (MM) approach. The analysis is performed through the Hybrid Input-Output (I-O) model that allows expressing the energy ows in physical terms (GWh) while all other ows are expressed in monetary terms (€). Moreover, through the singular value decomposition of the inverse matrix of the model, which reveals the set of key structures of the exogenous change of final demand, we identify the appropriate key structure able to obtain both the expected positive total output change and the increase of electricity production from RES.
Additional file 1 of Understanding the holistic experiences of living with a kidney transplant: an interpretative phenomenological study (protocol)
Creators: name: C. McKeaveney
name: H. Noble
name: A. E. Courtney
name: P. Gill
name: S. Griffin
name: W. Johnston
name: A. P. Maxwell
name: F. Teasdale
name: Reid, J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1. Interview topic guide.
Additional file 1 of Healthcare consumption after a change in health insurance coverage: a French quasi-natural experiment
Creators: name: Sevilla-Dedieu, Christine
name: Billaudeau, Nathalie
name: Paraponaris, Alain
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Average healthcare consumption in euros during the years before and after the change.
Harmonic fields on the extended projective disc and a problem in optics
Creators: name: Otway, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35M10; 58J32; 53A20; 78A05

description: The Hodge equations for 1-forms are studied on Beltrami's projective disc model for hyperbolic space. Ideal points lying beyond projective infinity arise naturally in both the geometric and analytic arguments. An existence theorem for weakly harmonic 1-fields, changing type on the unit circle, is derived under Dirichlet conditions imposed on the non-characteristic portion of the boundary. A similar system arises in the analysis of wave motion near a caustic. A class of elliptic-hyperbolic boundary-value problems is formulated for those equations as well. For both classes of boundary-value problems, an arbitrarily small lower-order perturbation of the equations is shown to yield solutions which are strong in the sense of Friedrichs.
description: 30 pages; Section 3.3 has been revised
Opportunities and Investment Strategies to Improve Food Security and Reduce Poverty in Mali through the Diffusion of Improved Agricultural Technologies
Creators: name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: This document reviews the potential agricultural technologies that exist or can feasibly be produced to help promote poverty reduction and food security in Mali in the next 5 to 10 years. Overall there are a plethora of good technologies either available, in the pipeline, or feasible with a small amount of research effort. In many cases succeeding in poverty reduction and increasing food security will not be about choosing the exact right technology, but about helping farmers access and know about a panoply of available technologies from which they can choose the right one to maximize their future potential.
Healing gardens in healthcare facilities : linking restorative value and design features
Creators: name: Barnes, Debra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: For most of the previous century, the program and design of healthcare facilities supported the dominant cure-based medical model of illness treatment. In the closing decades of the twentieth century increasing interest in a holistic approach to patient care that acknowledges a connection between mind, body and spirit supported the inclusion of healing gardens in healthcare facilities. Empirical evidence suggests that patient support requires the provision of access to nature and outdoor spaces. If space in healthcare facilities is to be programmed for outdoor use, what design features of this setting cares for patients, both psychologically and emotionally while supporting their physiological needs? Further, does the therapeutic benefit and significance of discrete garden features vary depending on the illness and healing processes of a particular patient population? This thesis begins to answer the above-noted questions by reviewing the literature on the historical approach to patient care based both on documented anecdotal information and as evidenced by the design of healthcare facilities and their adjacent outdoor spaces. Current multi-disciplinary research and empirical evidence supporting the link between nature and restorative benefit is also presented. Finally, the healing gardens supporting three special patient populations (Alzheimer's, AHDS, and Pediatrics) are reviewed, endeavoring to link specific design features to restorative value. The result of this investigation is a matrix synthesizing the relative benefit of discrete garden design features to specific patient populations. The matrix lists over fifty design features of a healing garden and groups each feature into one of three categories: experiential, functional, and contextual. In terms of restorative benefit, generally, the matrix rates experiential design features as essential for all patient population types and identifies contextual features as highly desirable. Variation in the importance of the functional design features of a healing garden begins to emerge when considering the particular needs of special patient populations. This study may be used to guide a design process for the provision of healing gardens in a healthcare facility that recognizes both the therapeutically beneficial experiential design features and significant contextual features of a healing garden, while acknowledging that the functional characteristics of the garden will be informed by the needs of particular user groups and special patient populations.
Food Price Spikes and Strategic Interactions between the Public and Private Sectors: Market Failures or Governance Failures.
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Tschirley, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: When food prices shoot over import parity, this often leads to social and political unrest and even the toppling of governments. If markets behaved efficiently and in the absence of trade barriers, food prices should not exceed the price in world markets plus the cost of importing it to domestic markets (i.e., import parity). However, food prices routinely soar above import parity in several countries of East and Southern Africa, causing widespread hunger and asset depletion among the poor.
Nonlinear transition between PT-symmetric and PT-broken modes in coupled fiber lasers
Creators: name: Suchkov, Sergey V.
name: Churkin, Dmitry V.
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic analysis of the stationary regimes of nonlinear parity-time(PT) symmetric laser composed of two coupled fiber cavities. We find that power-dependent nonlinear phase shifters broaden regions of existence of both PT-symmetric and PT-broken modes, and can facilitate transitions between modes of different types. We show the existence of non-stationary regimes and demonstrate an ambiguity of the transition process for some of the unstable states. We also identify the presence of higher-order stationary modes, which return to the initial state periodically after a certain number of round-trips.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
On quantum corrections to geodesics in de-Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Emelyanov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a coordinate-independent wave-packet solution of the massive Klein-Gordon equation with the conformal coupling to gravity in the de-Sitter universe. This solution can locally be represented through the superposition of positive-frequency plane waves at any space-time point, assuming that the scalar-field mass $M$ is much bigger than the de-Sitter Hubble constant $H$. The solution is also shown to be related to the two-point function in the de-Sitter quantum vacuum. Moreover, we study the wave-packet propagation over cosmological times, depending on the ratio of $M$ and $H$. In doing so, we find that this wave packet propagates like a point-like particle of the same mass if $M \ggg H$, but, if otherwise, the wave packet behaves highly non-classically.
description: final version published in Eur. Phys. J. C
The Ten Martini Problem
Creators: name: Avila, Artur
name: Jitomirskaya, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove the conjecture (known as the ``Ten Martini Problem'' after Kac and Simon) that the spectrum of the almost Mathieu operator is a Cantor set for all non-zero values of the coupling and all irrational frequencies.
description: 31 pages, no figures
EVALUATION OF THE 2006/7 AGRICULTURAL INPUT SUBSIDY PROGRAMME, MALAWI. FINAL REPORT
Creators: name: Dorward, Andrew
name: Chirwa, Ephraim
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Slater, Rachel
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: Dorward, Andrew
name: Chirwa, Ephraim
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Slater, Rachel
name: Boughton, Duncan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty
Productivity Analysis

description: This report evaluates the 2006/7 Malawi Government Agricultural Input Subsidy Programme (AISP). The main objective of the evaluation is to assess the impact and implementation of the AISP in order to provide lessons for future interventions in growth and social protection. The evaluation combined qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. Quantitative data were collected through a national survey in 2007 of 2,491 households who were previously interviewed in the 2004/05 Integrated Household Survey, a survey of retail shops selling inputs in six districts and data on stocks and sales from manufacturers, large-scale importers and dealers of fertilizers and seeds. The quantitative data was triangulated by qualitative data from focus group discussions with smallholder farmers in 12 districts, and key informant interviews with government staff, input distributors and beneficiary and non-beneficiary households. The analysis is based on descriptive statistics, econometric modelling and livelihood and rural economy modelling. An Interim Report in March 2007 provides fuller details of the implementation of the programme.
Network rewiring in the $r$-$K$ plane
Creators: name: Bertotti, M. L.
name: Modanese, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generate correlated scale-free networks in the configuration model through a new rewiring algorithm which allows to tune the Newman assortativity coefficient $r$ and the average degree of the nearest neighbors $K$ (in the range $-1\le r \le 1$, $K\ge \langle k \rangle$). At each attempted rewiring step, local variations $Δr$ and $ΔK$ are computed and then the step is accepted according to a standard Metropolis probability $ \exp(\pmΔr/T)$, where $T$ is a variable temperature. We prove a general relation between $Δr$ and $ΔK$, thus finding a connection between two variables which have very different definitions and topological meaning. We describe rewiring trajectories in the $r$-$K$ plane and explore the limits of maximally assortative and disassortative networks, including the case of small minimum degree ($k_{min} \ge 1$) which has previously not been considered. The size of the giant component and the entropy of the network are monitored in the rewiring. The average number of second neighbours in the branching approximation $\bar{z}_{2,B}$ is proven to be constant in the rewiring, and independent from the correlations for Markovian networks. As a function of the degree, however, the number of second neighbors gives useful information on the network connectivity and is also monitored.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Renda e activos de agregados familiares rurais em Moçambique, 2002-2005: É possível sustentar o desenvolvimento a favor dos pobres?
Creators: name: Mather, David
name: Cunguara, Benedito
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: Mather, David
name: Cunguara, Benedito
name: Boughton, Duncan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Food Security and Poverty

description: Mozambique made impressive reductions in poverty from 1996 to 2002. The national poverty rate, as documented by the National Household Consumption Survey Inquérito aos Agregados Familiares (IAF) expenditure surveys in those years, fell from 69.4% in 1996/97 to 54.1% in 2002/03. Consistent with the IAF expenditure survey results, Trabalho de Inquerito Agricola (TIA) rural household income surveys showed that mean and median rural household income per adult equivalent increased by 65% and 30% respectively from 1995/96 to 2001/02, and that all income quintiles shared in the income growth. Yet in spite of these impressive gains in household welfare, the majority of the country’s population remained below the poverty line in 2002/03 (51.5% in urban areas, 55.3% in rural). The first objective of this paper is to determine whether the upward trends in household welfare found from 1996 to 2002 have continued from 2002 to 2005, as measured in terms of TIA income and assets. The second objective of this paper is to use information about the structure of rural household income, asset levels, and access to technology and public goods in TIA 2002 and 2005, to investigate the prospects for continued rural economic growth, as well as the question of whether or not one could expect income growth to continue to be as broad-based as it was from 1996 to 2002. A key insight from the analysis of rural income growth in Mozambique from 1996 to 2002 is that the poorest 80% of rural households derived most of their gains from increases in crop income, which appear to have come primarily from expansion of cultivated area, not improved productivity. To address the first two objectives, we use data from the rural household income survey conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2005, the TIA, which re-surveyed more than 80% of the households included in the previous TIA rural household income survey conducted in 2002, thus generating the first nationally representative panel household dataset for rural Mozambique.
Asymptotic Stability of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Potential
Creators: name: Gang, Zhou
name: Sigal, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55, 37K45

description: We prove asymptotic stability of trapped solitons in the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a potential in dimension 1 and for even potential and even initial conditions.
description: 62 pages
Cosmic Acceleration and the String Coupling
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Mavromatos, N. E.
name: Nanopoulos, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of a cosmological string model describing the propagation of strings in a time-dependent Robertson-Walker background space-time, we show that the asymptotic acceleration of the Universe can be identified with the square of the string coupling. This allows for a direct measurement of the ten-dimensional string coupling using cosmological data. We conjecture that this is a generic feature of a class of non-critical string models that approach asymptotically a conformal (critical) sigma model whose target space is a four-dimensional space-time with a dilaton background that is linear in sigma-model time. The relation between the cosmic acceleration and the string coupling does not apply in critical strings with constant dilaton fields in four dimensions.
description: 16 pages
Solid waste degradation on a screen in a cold, oxygenated saline environment : applications for salmon farming
Creators: name: Buryniuk, Mardell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: High accumulations of solid wastes generated by coastal fish farms may affect both the caged fish and the surrounding environment, and it is this concern, universal to fish farmers and environmentalists alike, that was the impetus for this study. A dynamic, deterministic simulation model was developed using a combination of empirical and mechanistic approaches to simulate the accumulation of solid waste on a screen-like device located beneath a fish farm. Solid waste was freshly collected and size-fractioned on fish farms, and transported back to the laboratory for experiments to determine the order and rate of the degradation equation. The solid waste was fragile and the larger particles easily broke down into smaller pieces. The mesh opening size required for 50% retention of the particles on a screen was approximately 8 mm. This result is required for further engineering of the screen-like device. The order of the degradation equation for the solid waste was 1.19, and the-associated rate constant was 0.0262. The major assumptions used to develop the model were that all solids produced by the fish farm would be trapped and would not include wasted feed, no erosion would occur, bacterial growth would not affect the mass on the screen, and the water temperature was a constant 8°C (the lowest water temperature at the site where the solid wastes used in the experiments were collected). Additionally it was assumed that the waste would fall in layers and mixing would not occur. These assumptions were built into the model in order to create a "worst case" scenario. It was assumed that biological degradation removed mass from the screens in the parameter estimation experiments and because the experiments were all done in oxygenated environments, it was assumed that the water surrounding the screen-like device below a fish cage would contain enough oxygen such that oxygen would not become a limiting factor in degradation. Accumulation reached 27 kg m⁻² (dry weight basis) after a 500-day production cycle under typical British Columbian coastal fish farm conditions. Assuming a harvest of all the fish on day 500, the waste would be 75 % (by mass) degraded in 78 days, 90 % degraded in 135 days, and the waste would be completely degraded within 275 days. The model was validated using waste outputs that represented approximately one week of solid waste output from near the end of the production cycle. Future work might be concentrated on the fate of the tiny particles passing through the screen-like device.
The Formation of Free-Floating Brown Dwarves and Planetary-Mass Objects by Photo-Erosion of Prestellar Cores
Creators: name: Whitworth, A. P.
name: Zinnecker, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility that, in the vicinity of an OB star, a prestellar core which would otherwise have formed an intermediate or low-mass star may form a free-floating brown dwarf or planetary-mass object, because the outer layers of the core are eroded by the ionizing radiation from the OB star before they can accrete onto the protostar at the centre of the core. The masses of objects formed in this way are given approximately by $\sim 0.010 M_\odot (a_{\rm I} / 0.3 {\rm km} {\rm s}^{-1})^6 (\dot{\cal N}_{\rm Lyc} / 10^{50} {\rm s}^{-1})^{-1/3} (n_{\rm 0} / 10^3 {\rm cm}^{-3})^{-1/3} $, where $a_{\rm I}$ is the isothermal sound speed in the neutral gas of the core, $\dot{\cal N}_{\rm Lyc}$ is the rate of emission of Lyman continuum photons from the OB star (or stars), and $n_{\rm 0}$ is the number-density of protons in the HII region surrounding the core. We conclude that the formation of low-mass objects by this mechanism should be quite routine, because the mechanism operates over a wide range of conditions ($10^{50} {\rm s}^{-1} \la \dot{\cal N}_{\rm Lyc} \la 10^{52} {\rm s}^{-1}$, $10 {\rm cm}^{-3} \la n_0 \la 10^5 {\rm cm}^{-3}$, $0.2 {\rm km} {\rm s}^{-1} \la a_{\rm I} \la 0.6 {\rm km} {\rm s}^{-1}$) and is very effective. However, it is also a rather wasteful way of forming low-mass objects, in the sense that it requires a relatively massive initial core to form a single low-mass object. The effectiveness of photo-erosion also implies that that any intermediate-mass protostars which have formed in the vicinity of a group of OB stars must already have been well on the way to formation before the OB stars switched on their ionizing radiation; otherwise these protostars would have been stripped down to extremely low mass.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. to appear in A&A
Entanglement in quantum catastrophes
Creators: name: Emary, Clive
name: Lambert, Neill
name: Brandes, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify entanglement singularities for various two-mode bosonic systems in terms of catastrophe theory. Employing an abstract phase-space representation, we obtain exact results in limiting cases for the entropy in cusp, butterfly, and two-dimensional catastrophes. We furthermore use numerical results to extract the scaling of the entropy with the non-linearity parameter, and discuss the role of mixing entropies in more complex systems.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 4 of Construction of habitat-specific training sets to achieve species-level assignment in 16S rRNA gene datasets
Creators: name: Escapa, Isabel F.
name: Yanmei Huang
name: Tsute Chen
name: Maoxuan Lin
name: Kokaras, Alexis
name: Dewhirst, Floyd E.
name: Lemon, Katherine P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. A method for achieving highly informative 16S rRNA gene V1-V3 region sequencing data using Illumina MiSeq.
AJAE Appendix: Cross-subsidization Due to Infra-Marginal Support in Agriculture: A General Theory and Empirical Evidence
Creators: name: De Gorter, Harry
name: Just, David R.
name: Kropp, Jaclyn D.
name: De Gorter, Harry
name: Just, David R.
name: Kropp, Jaclyn D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 90, Number 1, February 2008
Satisfying the compressibility sum rule in neutron matter
Creators: name: Buraczynski, Mateusz
name: Martinello, Samuel
name: Gezerlis, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The static-response function of strongly interacting neutron matter contains crucial information on this interacting many-particle system, going beyond ground-state properties. In the present work, we tackle this problem with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) approaches at several different densities, using both phenomenological forces and (for the first time) chiral effective field theory interactions. We handle finite-size effects via self-consistent energy-density functional (EDF) calculations for 8250 particles in a periodic volume. We combine these QMC and EDF computations in an attempt to produce a model-independent extraction of the static response function. Our results are consistent with the compressibility sum rule, which encapsulates the limiting behavior of the response function starting from the homogeneous equation of state, without using the sum rule as an input constraint. Our predictions on inhomogeneous neutron matter can function as benchmarks for other many-body approaches, thereby shedding light on the physics of neutron-star crusts and neutron-rich nuclei.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; v3 corresponds to published version
Additional file 1 of Construction of habitat-specific training sets to achieve species-level assignment in 16S rRNA gene datasets
Creators: name: Escapa, Isabel F.
name: Yanmei Huang
name: Tsute Chen
name: Maoxuan Lin
name: Kokaras, Alexis
name: Dewhirst, Floyd E.
name: Lemon, Katherine P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The expected effect of an uneven distribution of sequences among taxa in a training set for the Naïve Bayesian RDP Classifier.
Gauge hierarchy from a topological viewpoint?
Creators: name: Tahim, M. O.
name: Almeida, C. A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we explore an alternative to the central point of the Randall-Sundrum brane world scenario, namely, the particular nonfactorizable metric, in order to solve the hierarchy problem. From a topological viewpoint, we show that the exponential factor, crucial in the Randall-Sundrum model, appears in our approach, only due to the brane existence instead of a special metric background. Our results are based in a topological gravity theory via a non-standard interaction between scalar and non-abelian degrees of freedom and in calculations about localized modes of matter fields on the brane. We point out that we obtain the same results of the Randall-Sundrum model using only one 3-brane, since a specific choice of a background metric is no longer required.
description: 10 pages, to appear in Physics Letters B
Gas trapping of hot dust around main-sequence stars
Creators: name: Pearce, Tim D.
name: Krivov, Alexander V.
name: Booth, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2006 Vega was discovered to display excess near-infrared emission. Surveys now detect this phenomenon for one fifth of main-sequence stars, across various spectral types and ages. The excesses are interpreted as populations of small, hot dust grains very close to their stars, which must originate from comets or asteroids. However, the presence of such grains in copious amounts is mysterious, since they should rapidly sublimate or be blown out of the system. Here we investigate a potential mechanism to generate excesses: dust migrating inwards under radiation forces sublimates near the star, releasing modest quantities of gas which then traps subsequent grains. This mechanism requires neither specialised system architectures nor high dust supply rates, and could operate across diverse stellar types and ages. The model naturally reproduces many features of inferred dust populations, in particular their location, preference for small grains, steep size distribution, and dust location scaling with stellar luminosity. For Sun-like stars the mechanism can produce 2.2 micron excesses that are an order of magnitude larger than those at 8.5 micron, as required by observations. However, for A-type stars the simulated near-infrared excesses were only twice those in the mid infrared; grains would have to be 5-10 times smaller than those trapped in our model to be able to explain observed near-infrared excesses around A stars. Further progress with any hot dust explanation for A stars requires a means for grains to become very hot without either rapidly sublimating or being blown out of the system.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Spin-orbit gravitational locking -- an effective potential approach
Creators: name: Clouse, Christopher
name: Ferroglia, Andrea
name: Fiolhais, Miguel C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objective of this paper is to study the tidally locked 3:2 spin-orbit resonance of Mercury around the Sun. In order to achieve this goal, the effective potential energy that determines the spinning motion of an ellipsoidal planet around its axis is considered. By studying the rotational potential energy of an ellipsoidal planet orbiting a spherical star on an elliptic orbit with fixed eccentricity and semi-major axis, it is shown that the system presents an infinite number of metastable equilibrium configurations. These states correspond to local minima of the rotational potential energy averaged over an orbit, where the ratio between the rotational period of the planet around its axis and the revolution period around the star is fixed. The configurations in which this ratio is an integer or an half integer are of particular interest. Among these configurations, the deepest minimum in the average potential energy corresponds to a situation where the rotational and orbital motion of the planet are synchronous, and the system is tidally locked. The next-to-the deepest minimum corresponds to the case in which the planet rotates three times around its axis in the time that it needs to complete two orbits around the Sun. The latter is indeed the case that describes Mercury's motion. The method discussed in this work allows one to identify the integer and half-integer ratios that correspond to spin-orbit resonances and to describe the motion of the planet in the resonant orbit.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Stochastic Loewner evolution driven by Levy processes
Creators: name: Rushkin, I.
name: Oikonomou, P.
name: Kadanoff, L. P.
name: Gruzberg, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) is driven by a continuous Brownian motion, which then produces a continuous fractal trace. If jumps are added to the driving function, the trace branches. We consider a generalized SLE driven by a superposition of a Brownian motion and a stable Levy process. The situation is defined by the usual SLE parameter, $κ$, as well as $α$ which defines the shape of the stable Levy distribution. The resulting behavior is characterized by two descriptors: $p$, the probability that the trace self-intersects, and $\tilde{p}$, the probability that it will approach arbitrarily close to doing so. Using Dynkin's formula, these descriptors are shown to change qualitatively and singularly at critical values of $κ$ and $α$. It is reasonable to call such changes ``phase transitions''. These transitions occur as $κ$ passes through four (a well-known result) and as $α$ passes through one (a new result). Numerical simulations are then used to explore the associated touching and near-touching events.
description: Published version, minor typos corrected, added references
D4.2 Interim Report on Education  in Standardisation
Creators: name: StandICT.eu 2026
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This deliverable is part of Work Package 4 “Standards Academy Programme of the StandICT.eu 2026 project. This is an interim version and will be updated by the end of the project. A progress update on the development of educational initiatives related to ICT standardisation as outlined by the WP4 following the creation of the International Directory on Education about Standardisation (IdEAS) established by Task 4.1 is provided.
Food Security, Research Priorities and Resource Allocation in South Asia
Creators: name: Kumar, Praduman
name: Mruthyunjaya
name: Chand, Ramesh
name: Kumar, Praduman
name: Mruthyunjaya
name: Chand, Ramesh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The study conduced on South Asian countries is focused on three issues, viz. (a) research priorities in agriculture, (b) level of research investment, and (c) focus of research investments to attain food-secured South Asia. The results of this empirical exercise have suggested that (a) cereals, horticulture, livestock and fisheries in commodity groups and rice and milk as commodities should receive greater attention in resource allocation at South Asia level with certain minor variations across the countries, (b) prioritization exercises need to explicitly target poor as otherwise their needs will continue to remain under-funded, and at least 2-3 times increase (if the AgGDP growth is assumed at 2.1%) and 3-4 times increase (if the AgGDP growth is assumed at 4%) is needed in funding support to these countries in agricultural research and education to attain food and nutritional security.
Two quantum Ising algorithms for the Shortest Vector Problem: one for now and one for later
Creators: name: Joseph, David
name: Callison, Adam
name: Ling, Cong
name: Mintert, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computers are expected to break today's public key cryptography within a few decades. New cryptosystems are being designed and standardised for the post-quantum era, and a significant proportion of these rely on the hardness of problems like the Shortest Vector Problem to a quantum adversary. In this paper we describe two variants of a quantum Ising algorithm to solve this problem. One variant is spatially efficient, requiring only O(NlogN) qubits where N is the lattice dimension, while the other variant is more robust to noise. Analysis of the algorithms' performance on a quantum annealer and in numerical simulations show that the more qubit-efficient variant will outperform in the long run, while the other variant is more suitable for near-term implementation.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Tubular Solutions of Dirac-Born-Infeld Action on Dp-Brane Background
Creators: name: Huang, Wung-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Dirac-Born-Infeld action on Dp-brane background to find the tubular bound state of a D2 with $m$ D0-branes and $n$ fundamental strings. The fundamental strings may be the circular strings along the cross section of tube or the straight strings along the axial of the tube, and tube solutions are parallel to the geometry of Dp-brane background. Through the detailed analyses we show that only on the D6-brane background could we find the stable tubular solutions. These tubular configurations are prevented form collapse by the gravitational field on the curved Dp-brane background.
description: Latex 11 pages, detail RR-field effect, delete figure 4 and associated part
Energy flux distribution in a two-temperature Ising model
Creators: name: Lecomte, Vivien
name: Racz, Zoltan
name: van Wijland, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonequilibrium steady state of an infinite-range Ising model is studied. The steady state is obtained by dividing the spins into two groups and attaching them to two heat baths generating spin flips at different temperatures. In the thermodynamic limit, the resulting dynamics can be solved exactly, and the probability flow in the phase space can be visualized. We can calculate the steady state fluctuations far from equilibrium and, in particular, we find the exact probability distribution of the energy current in both the high- and low-temperature phase.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures