cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the potential of neglected tree species for income generation: The case of Catha edulis in West Shewa zone of Ethiopia
Creators: name: Gyau, Amos
name: Gyau, Amos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agroforestry
subject: market analysis
subject: competitiveness Porter’s five forces

description: Agriculture is an important part of Ethiopia’s economy constituting a significant proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and total export. The method of agricultural production in Ethiopia has resulted in increasing deforestation and degradation. Among others, Agroforestry has been considered as a potential alternative to address the increasing deforestation and degradation. Khat (Catha edulis), an indigenous shrub species offers the potential to be intercropped with other food crops in an agroforestry system. The aim of this article is to assess the competitiveness of Khat production as a complementary source of income for farmers in the West Shaw region of Ethiopia. Three focus group discussions (FGD) with 14 Khat producers per FGD were conducted in 3 villages in West Shewa and East Wollega zones in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. In addition, key informant interviews with traders were conducted to obtain further information about Khat production and marketing. Data was analyzed using Porters’ five forces framework. The results indicate that demand exceeds its current supply and farmers have power to determine the price. However, there is high level of competition among traders in sourcing from the farmers leading to price war among traders. The agro ecological suitability for Khat production in the area indicates that more farmers can produce it if the awareness of its market potential is built. However, with the high level of demand and existence of export market, supply can be absorbed. We conclude that Khat can be promoted as a profitable crop for agroforestry practice in Ethiopia.
Explainability and Adversarial Robustness for RNNs
Creators: name: Hartl, Alexander
name: Bachl, Maximilian
name: Fabini, Joachim
name: Zseby, Tanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) yield attractive properties for constructing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) for network data. With the rise of ubiquitous Machine Learning (ML) systems, malicious actors have been catching up quickly to find new ways to exploit ML vulnerabilities for profit. Recently developed adversarial ML techniques focus on computer vision and their applicability to network traffic is not straightforward: Network packets expose fewer features than an image, are sequential and impose several constraints on their features. We show that despite these completely different characteristics, adversarial samples can be generated reliably for RNNs. To understand a classifier's potential for misclassification, we extend existing explainability techniques and propose new ones, suitable particularly for sequential data. Applying them shows that already the first packets of a communication flow are of crucial importance and are likely to be targeted by attackers. Feature importance methods show that even relatively unimportant features can be effectively abused to generate adversarial samples. Since traditional evaluation metrics such as accuracy are not sufficient for quantifying the adversarial threat, we propose the Adversarial Robustness Score (ARS) for comparing IDSs, capturing a common notion of adversarial robustness, and show that an adversarial training procedure can significantly and successfully reduce the attack surface.
description: Accepted at IEEE BigDataService 2020
Wavelet analysis of epileptic spikes
Creators: name: Latka, Miroslaw
name: Was, Ziemowit
name: Kozik, Andrzej
name: West, Bruce J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Interictal spikes and sharp waves in human EEG are characteristic signatures of epilepsy. These potentials originate as a result of synchronous, pathological discharge of many neurons. The reliable detection of such potentials has been the long standing problem in EEG analysis, especially after long-term monitoring became common in investigation of epileptic patients. The traditional definition of a spike is based on its amplitude, duration, sharpness, and emergence from its background. However, spike detection systems built solely around this definition are not reliable due to the presence of numerous transients and artifacts. We use wavelet transform to analyze the properties of EEG manifestations of epilepsy. We demonstrate that the behavior of wavelet transform of epileptic spikes across scales can constitute the foundation of a relatively simple yet effective detection algorithm.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Information Flow along Catfish Marketing Channels in Nigeria: Whither the Role of Mobile Telephony?
Creators: name: Animashaun, Jubril Olayinka
name: Fakayode, S.B.
name: Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo
name: Animashaun, Jubril Olayinka
name: Fakayode, S.B.
name: Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: catfish
subject: communication channels
subject: market information
subject: Poisson model

description: The objectives of this study were two-folds. First, examined the use of mobile phone technology to facilitate catfish marketing and second, identified the determinants of variations in the frequency of mobile phone use for catfish marketing among agents involved in the marketing chain. The study was carried out in Kwara-state, Nigeria. One hundred and forty respondents were stratified and randomly sampled and data was collected through the use of well-designed questionnaires. Descriptive and Poisson regression model were used to analyze the data. The study identified the use of mobile phone along five communication channels used for catfish marketing. Annual income generated from catfish business was significant in explaining variations observed in the frequency of mobile phone use (p<0.05). Findings imply that use of mobile phones can assist in the commercialization process of the catfish marketing and may help to forestall possible market failure. The study recommends the need for policymakers and the private sector to facilitate means of enabling access to mobile use. Furthermore, similar study can be conducted in the rural areas to ascertain specific determinants of mobile phone uses for agricultural marketing in the less urban areas.
Existence and order of the phase transition of the Ising model with fixed magnetization
Creators: name: Kastner, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of the two dimensional Ising model with fixed magnetization are deduced from known exact results on the two dimensional Ising model. The existence of a continuous phase transition is shown for arbitrary values of the fixed magnetization when crossing the boundary of the coexistence region. Modifications of this result for systems of spatial dimension greater than two are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; submitted to Journal of Statistical Physics
MOESM1 of Overexpression of OsPUB41, a Rice E3 ubiquitin ligase induced by cell wall degrading enzymes, enhances immune responses in Rice and Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Kachewar, Neha
name: Vishal Gupta
name: Ranjan, Ashish
name: Hitendra Patel
name: Sonti, Ramesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Expression of OsPUB41 is induced following treatment of rice leaves with either DAMPs or PAMPs.
Constructing a Maturity Model for a Distributed Software Organization
Creators: name: Walter, Bartosz
name: Wolski, Marcin
name: Stanisavljević, Žarko
name: Todosijević, Andrijana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present early experiences with defining and validating a software maturity model (SMM) for a distributed, research-driven organization of independent and self-organizing teams of diverse cultures, experience and maturity. The paper briefly outlines the model, but focuses on the early stages of building and validating it. Based on that, we identify major factors contributing to the successful deployment of a SMM.
description: 12 pages; preprint of EuroSPI 2019 paper
MOESM1 of Proteomic analysis of Nrk gene-disrupted placental tissue cells explains physiological significance of NRK
Creators: name: Kimitoshi Denda
name: Ida, Kanako
name: Tanno, Masataka
name: Nakao-Wakabayashi, Kanako
name: Komada, Masayuki
name: Hayashi, Nobuhiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Dissection procedure for collecting layer-enriched tissue samples from the mouse whole placenta in late gestation.
The quintet state of a partially localized, hydrocarbon tetraradical: cyclobutane as a general ferromagnetic coupling unit
Creators: name: Novak, Julia Anne
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989
Subjects: Chemistry

description: The partially localized tetraradical 22 has been generated at temperatures of 77 K and below in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and poly(methylmethacrylate)
matrices, and directly observed by EPR spectroscopy. The evolution of the EPR spectrum resulting from prolonged photolysis of the bisdiazene precursor 20 indicates a two-photon process, wherein a triplet spectrum (assigned unambiguously to the monoazobiradical) gradually gives way to a quintet spectrum, ascribed to the target tetraradical. The observed quintet state is tentatively identified as the ground state of the tetraradical, based on design considerations, the fact that the quintet spectrum is intense at temperatures as low as 3.8 K, and preliminary Curie Law studies.  The thermal stability of 22 (indefinitely stable in the dark at 77 K) is an unexpected
attribute of this molecule; no other cyclobutanediyl studied thus far has exhibited similar sturdiness at temperatures above ca. 60 K. Two synthetic routes to the prerequisite bisfulvene 15 are discussed.
РАННЯЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА, КЛИНИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПРИ ИДИОПАТИЧЕСКОМ ОТЁКЕ  МОШОНКИ  У МАЛЬЧИКОВ
Creators: name: Хамидов, Б.Х.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В данном исследовании  мы пытались выявить у мальчиков  острый  и идиопатический отёк  мошонки. Дифференцировать детей  с синдромом отёчной мошонки. Наиболее  четкие   клинические  симптомы нарастающая  гиперемия  кожи,  боль,  неприятные ощущении в области     покраснение,  отёк  и  пастозность  мошонки,  распространяющиеся  в перианальной области   и зуд. Лабораторные данные  без особых   изменений  за исключением  эозинофелеза. После консервативной терапии     96,2% случаев,  в течении 2-5  дней резко  уменьшение симптомов наступали.
Prospects of Agriculture Enterprise for Sustainable Economic Development: Success Story of University of Ilorin Moringa Value-Addition Activities
Creators: name: Animashaun, Jubril Olayinka
name: Animashaun, Jubril Olayinka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: youth employment
subject: Moringa
subject: and economic returns

description: The exacerbated spate of poverty and youth unemployment in Africa is greatly disturbing. While agriculture portends prospect for employment creation and poverty reduction, interest towards optimizing the benefits appears grossly divided. Subsequently, the critical mass, in terms of commitment and investment, needed to positively engineer the commercialization of the sector has not been reached. Recently, concerted academic research on Moringa oleifera has ignited rekindled interest on the array of opportunities from Moringa value addition development. The purpose of this study is to show case the prospects of Moringa value addition in tackling the problem of unemployment and poverty. Secondary data on published figures of the processing and production cost, sales record of University of Ilorin Moringa Plantation and capital requirements of commercial banks in Nigeria were used. Result indicate that on a per hectare basis, the estimated profit is N828,640 (N186/plant/annum). Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the economic benefits in terms of employment generation vis-à-vis capital asset worth indicate that for every ₦73 million capital base, the Moringa value addition project can recruit 53 workers, while a worker will be recruited by an average Nigerian bank with the same amount. This study concludes by recommending the replication of the Moringa value addition success story in similar climes in Africa and the formulation of sound policy on Moringa value addition based on viable and practical consideration that would fast-track the development of a sustainable agriculture.
BRST Quantisation of Histories Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Noltingk, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a continuation of earlier work where a classical history theory of pure electrodynamics was developed in which the the history fields have \emph{five} components. The extra component is associated with an extra constraint, thus enlarging the gauge group of histories electrodynamics. In this paper we quantise the classical theory developed previously by two methods. Firstly we quantise the reduced classical history space, to obtain a reduced quantum history theory. Secondly we quantise the classical BRST-extended history space, and use the BRST charge to define a `cohomological' quantum history theory. Finally we show that the reduced history theory is isomorphic, as a history theory, to the cohomological history theory.
description: Introductory material on BRST methods expanded and mistake corrected in final section. To appear in Journ Math Phys
Phase Behavior of Block Copolymer Nanocomposite Systems
Creators: name: Diaz, Javier
name: Pinna, Marco
name: Zvelindovsky, Andrei V.
name: Pagonabarraga, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanocomposite materials made of block copolymer and nanoparticles display properties which can be different from the purely polymeric matrix. The resulting material is a crossover of the original properties of the block copolymer and the presence of the assembled nanoparticles. We propose a mesoscopic study via cell dynamic simulations to quantitatively assert the properties of such hybrid materials. The most relevant parameters are identified to be the fraction of nanoparticles in the system and its chemical affinity, while the nanoparticle size with respect to the block copolymer length scales plays a role in the assembly. The morphological phase diagram of the block copolymer is constructed for nanoparticles with chemical affinity ranging from A-compatible to B-compatible for a symmetric A-B diblock copolymer. Block-compatible nanoparticles is found to induce a phase transition due to changes in the effective concentration of the hosting phase, while interface-compatible particles induces the appearance of two new phases due to the saturation of the diblock copolymer interface.
A first-principles study of MgB2 (0001) surfaces
Creators: name: Li, Zhenyu
name: Yang, Jinlong
name: Hou, J. G.
name: Zhu, Qingshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report self-consistent {\it ab initio} calculations of structural and electronic properties for the B- and Mg-terminated MgB$_{2}$ (0001) surfaces. We employ ultra-soft pseudopotentials and plane wave basis sets within the generalized gradient approximation. The surface relaxations are found to be small for both B- and Mg-terminated surfaces. For the B-terminated surface, both B $σ$ and $π$ surface bands appear, while only one B $π$ surface band exists near the Fermi level for the Mg-terminated surface. The superconductivity of the MgB$_2$ surfaces is discussed. The work function is predicted to be 5.95 and 4.25 eV for the B- and Mg-terminated surfaces respectively. The simulated scanning tunneling microscopy images of the surfaces are not sensitive to the sign and value of the bias voltages, but depend strongly on the tip-sample distance. An image reversal is predicted for the Mg-terminated surface.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, Revtex
The Role of Varietal Attributes on Adoption of Improved Seed Varieties. The Case of Sorghum in Kenya
Creators: name: Gesare Timu, Anne
name: Mulwa, Richard
name: Okello, Julius J.
name: Kamau, Mercy W.
name: Gesare Timu, Anne
name: Mulwa, Richard
name: Okello, Julius J.
name: Kamau, Mercy W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Sorghum
subject: Variety Attributes
subject: Multi Variate Probit Model
subject: Adoption

description: This paper examines the effect of variety attributes on adoption of improved sorghum varieties in Kenya. Using data from 140 farmers, the paper uses a multivariate probit to identify variety-specific drivers of adoption. The results on the perception of farmers variety attributes show that improved varieties had desirable production and marketing attributes while the local varieties were perceived to have the best consumption attributes. Evidence further indicates that the major sorghum variety attributes driving rapid adoption are taste, drought tolerance, yield, ease of cooking and the variety’s ability to fetch a price premium. Early maturity, a major focus of research has no effect on adoption. The findings of the study imply that, while developing improved seed varieties, breeders should also focus on non yield attributes like taste and ease of cooking. Secondly, it is important that both producers and consumers of sorghum be involved in the seed evaluation process.
Bose-condensed Bright Solitons under Transverse Confinement
Creators: name: Salasnich, L.
name: Parola, A.
name: Reatto, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of Bose-condensed bright solitons made of alkali-metal atoms with negative scattering length and under harmonic confinement in the transverse direction. Contrary to the 1D case, the 3D bright soliton exists only below a critical attractive interaction which depends on the extent of confinement. Such a behavior is also found in multi-soliton condensates with box boundary conditions. We obtain numerical and analytical estimates of the critical strength beyond which the solitons do not exist. By using an effective 1D nonpolynomial nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NPSE), which accurately takes into account the transverse dynamics of cigar-like condensates, we numerically simulate the dynamics of the "soliton train" reported in a recent experiment (Nature {\bf 417} 150 (2002)). Then, analyzing the macroscopic quantum tunneling of the bright soliton on a Gaussian barrier we find that its interference in the tunneling region is strongly suppressed with respect to non-solitonic case; moreover, the tunneling through a barrier breaks the solitonic nature of the matter wave. Finally, we show that the collapse of the soliton is induced by the scattering on the barrier or by the collision with another matter wave when the density reaches a critical value, for which we derive an accurate analytical formula.
description: revtex, 6 pages, 6 postscript figures, 1 table; animated figures and related papers can be found at http://www.mi.infm.it/salasnich/tdqg.html
MOESM1 of Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Hepatitis B infection among nurses and midwives in two maternity hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan
Creators: name: Mursy, Sanaa
name: Sagad Mohamed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide: the structured questionnaire used for this study.
Additional file 10 of Transcriptome profiling of developing leaf and shoot apices to reveal the molecular mechanism and co-expression genes responsible for the wheat heading date
Creators: name: Yang, Yuxin
name: Zhang, Xueying
name: Wu, Lifen
name: Zhang, Lichao
name: Liu, Guoxiang
name: Xia, Chuan
name: Liu, Xu
name: Kong, Xiuying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10: Figure S10. Identification of the soft-threshold power in WGCNA. (a) Scale-free fit index analysis under different soft-thresholding powers (β). Ordinates represent the relationship between the degree of connection (k) and P(k). (b) Mean gene connectivity analysis under different soft-thresholding powers (β). (c) Histogram of connectivity distribution when β = 14. (d) A check of the scale-free topology when β = 14. (e) Dendrogram of all differentially expressed genes clustered based on a dissimilarity measure (1-TOM).
Very low shot noise in carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Roche, P. -E.
name: Kociak, M.
name: Gueron, S.
name: Kasumov, A.
name: Reulet, B.
name: Bouchiat, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed noise measurements on suspended ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) between 1 and 300 K for different values of dc current through the ropes. We find that the shot noise is suppressed by more than a factor 100 compared to the full shot noise 2eI. We have also measured an individual SWNT and found a level of noise which is smaller than the minimum expected. Another finding is the very low level of 1/f noise, which is significantly lower than previous observations. We propose two possible interpretations for this strong shot noise reduction: i) Transport within a rope takes place through a few nearly ballistic tubes within a rope and possibly involves non integer effective charges. ii) A substantial fraction of the tubes conduct with a strong reduction of effective charge (by more than a factor 50).
description: Submitted to Eur. Phys. J. B (Jan. 2002) Higher resolution pictures are posted on http://www.lps.u-psud.fr/Collectif/gr_07/publications.html
CME -- HSS interaction and characteristics tracked from Sun to Earth
Creators: name: Heinemann, Stephan G.
name: Temmer, Manuela
name: Farrugia, Charles J.
name: Dissauer, Karin
name: Kay, Christina
name: Wiegelmann, Thomas
name: Dumbović, Mateja
name: Veronig, Astrid M.
name: Podladchikova, Tatiana
name: Hofmeister, Stefan J.
name: Lugaz, Noé
name: Carcaboso, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a thorough study, we investigate the origin of a remarkable plasma and magnetic field configuration observed in situ on June 22, 2011 near L1, which appears to be a magnetic ejecta (ME) and a shock signature engulfed by a solar wind high-speed stream (HSS). We identify the signatures as an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME), associated with a C7.7 flare on June 21, 2011, and its interaction with a HSS, which emanates from a coronal hole (CH) close to the launch site of the CME. The results indicate that the major interaction between the CME and the HSS starts at a height of 1.3 Rsun up to 3 Rsun. Over that distance range, the CME undergoes a strong north-eastward deflection of at least 30 degrees due to the open magnetic field configuration of the CH. We perform a comprehensive analysis for the CME-HSS event using multi-viewpoint data (from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatories, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and the Solar Dynamics Observatory), and combined modeling efforts (nonlinear force-free field modeling, Graduated Cylindrical Shell CME modeling, and the Forecasting a CMEs Altered Trajectory ForeCAT model). We aim at better understanding its early evolution and interaction process as well as its interplanetary propagation and related in situ signatures, and finally the resulting impact on the Earth's magnetosphere.
description: Accepted in Solar Physics on August 26, 2019
Entropy production and heat transport in harmonic chains under time dependent periodic drivings
Creators: name: Akasaki, Bruno A. N.
name: de Oliveira, M. J.
name: Fiore, Carlos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using stochastic thermodynamics, the properties of interacting linear chains subject to periodic drivings are investigated. The systems are described by Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation and exact (explicit) solutions are obtained for periodic drivings as functions of the modulation frequency and strength constants. The limit of long chains is analyzed by means of a protocol in which the intermediate temperatures are self-consistently chosen and the entropy production is decomposed as a sum of two individual contributions, one coming from real baths (placed at extremities of lattice) and other from self-consistent baths. The thermal reservoirs lead to a heat flux according to Fourier's law. Explicit expressions for short chains are derived, whose entropy production is written down as a bilinear function of thermodynamic forces and the associated fluxes, from which Onsager coefficients have been evaluated. A comparison between distinct periodic drivings is also performed.
description: 12 pages
What's Ahead for Farm Areas Specializing in Export Crops?
Creators: name: Sommer, Judith E.
name: Petrulis, Mindy F.
name: Reimund, Donald A.
name: Sommer, Judith E.
name: Petrulis, Mindy F.
name: Reimund, Donald A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Relations/Trade
Labor and Human Capital

description: U.S. farm exports seem to be rebounding from their depressed levels of recent years. That should help farmers who grow export crops, but it will not necessarily translate into significant rural economic growth. Even in the prosperous 1970's, farm-export areas lagged behind other rural areas in growth in population, income, and employment.
MOESM18 of Overexpression of OsPUB41, a Rice E3 ubiquitin ligase induced by cell wall degrading enzymes, enhances immune responses in Rice and Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Kachewar, Neha
name: Vishal Gupta
name: Ranjan, Ashish
name: Hitendra Patel
name: Sonti, Ramesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 18: Table S11. List of primers.
Effect of Remittance on Intensity of Agricultural Technology Adoption in Nepal
Creators: name: Pandit, Mahesh
name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: Williams, Deborah
name: Pandit, Mahesh
name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: Williams, Deborah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: agricultural technologies
subject: Nepal
subject: nonparametric instrument variable model
subject: Poisson quasi likelihood model
subject: technology adoption

description: We analyzed data collected from face to face interviews of farmers in East Chitwan, Nepal to understand the factors affecting the intensity of improved agriculture technologies adoption. We used parametric and nonparametric instrument variable count data models. Results from the Poisson Quasi Likelihood model indicated the positive role of remittance payment on agricultural technology adoption, consistent with the results from the nonparametric model. Additionally, the following variables have a positive impact on technology adoption in the nonparametric model: landholding size and number of animals.
Loose Knots: Strong versus Weak Commitments to Save for Education in Uganda
Creators: name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Linden, Leigh
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Linden, Leigh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Public Economics
subject: D12
subject: D91
subject: I21
subject: O12

description: Commitment devices offer an opportunity to restrict future choices. However, if severe restrictions deter participation, weaker restrictions may be a more effective means of changing behavior. We test this using a school-based commitment savings device for educational expenses in Uganda. We compare an account fully-committed to educational expenses to an account in which savings are available for cash withdrawal but intended for educational expenses. The weaker commitment generates increased savings in the program accounts and when combined with a parent outreach program, higher expenditures on educational supplies. It also increases scores on an exam covering language and math skills by 0.14 standard deviations. We find no effect for the fully-committed account, and we find no effect for either account on attendance, enrollment, or non-cognitive skills.
Understanding Helical Magnetic Dynamo Spectra with a Nonlinear Four-Scale Theory
Creators: name: Blackman, Eric G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent MHD dynamo simulations for magnetic Prandtl number $>1$ demonstrate that when MHD turbulence is forced with sufficient kinetic helicity, the saturated magnetic energy spectrum evolves from having a single peak below the forcing scale to become doubly peaked with one peak at the system (=largest) scale and one at the forcing scale. The system scale field growth is well modeled by a recent nonlinear two-scale nonlinear helical dynamo theory in which the system and forcing scales carry magnetic helicity of opposite sign. But a two-scale theory cannot model the shift of the small-scale peak toward the forcing scale. Here I develop a four-scale helical dynamo theory which shows that the small-scale helical magnetic energy first saturates at very small scales, but then successively saturates at larger values at larger scales, eventually becoming dominated by the forcing scale. The transfer of the small scale peak to the forcing scale is completed by the end of the kinematic growth regime of the large scale field, and does not depend on magnetic Reynolds number $R_M$ for large $R_M$. The four-scale and two-scale theories subsequently evolve almost identically, and both show significant field growth on the system and forcing scales that is independent of $R_M$. In the present approach, the helical and nonhelical parts of the spectrum are largely decoupled. Implications for fractionally helical turbulence are discussed.
description: 19 Pages, LaTex, (includes 4 figs at the end), in press, MNRAS
MOESM3 of Disentangling Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle dynamics through the identification of blood meal sources of natural populations of Triatoma dimidiata in Yucatán, Mexico
Creators: name: Moo-Millan, Joel
name: Arnal, Audrey
name: Pérez-Carrillo, Silvia
name: Hernandez-Andrade, Anette
name: María-Jesús Ramírez-Sierra
name: Rosado-Vallado, Miguel
name: Dumonteil, Eric
name: Waleckx, Etienne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1. Rarefaction curves of Triatoma dimidiata blood meal source diversity.
Locating Data in (Small-World?) Peer-to-Peer Scientific Collaborations
Creators: name: Iamnitchi, Adriana
name: Ripeanu, Matei
name: Foster, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: C.2.4

description: Data-sharing scientific collaborations have particular characteristics, potentially different from the current peer-to-peer environments. In this paper we advocate the benefits of exploiting emergent patterns in self-configuring networks specialized for scientific data-sharing collaborations. We speculate that a peer-to-peer scientific collaboration network will exhibit small-world topology, as do a large number of social networks for which the same pattern has been documented. We propose a solution for locating data in decentralized, scientific, data-sharing environments that exploits the small-worlds topology. The research challenge we raise is: what protocols should be used to allow a self-configuring peer-to-peer network to form small worlds similar to the way in which the humans that use the network do in their social interactions?
description: 8 pages
Boltzmann-type collision operators for Bogoliubov excitations of Bose-Einstein condensates: A unified framework
Creators: name: Tran, Minh-Binh
name: Pomeau, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the Bogoliubov diagonalization for the Hamiltonian of a weakly interacting Bose gas under the presence of a Bose-Enstein Condensate, we derive the kinetic equation for the Bogoliubov excitations. Without dropping any of the commutators, we find three collisional processes. One of them describes the $1\leftrightarrow2$ interactions between the condensate and the excited atoms. The other two describe the $2\leftrightarrow2$ and $1\leftrightarrow3$ interactions between the excited atoms themselves.
Ginzburg-Landau functional for nearly antiferromagnetic perfect and disordered Kondo lattices
Creators: name: Kiselev, M. N.
name: Kikoin, K.
name: Oppermann, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interplay between Kondo effect and trends to antiferromagnetic and spin glass ordering in perfect and disordered bipartite Kondo lattices is considered. Ginzburg-Landau equation is derived from the microscopic effective action written in three mode representation (Kondo screening, antiferromagnetic correlations and spin liquid correlations). The problem of local constraint is resolved by means of Popov-Fedotov representation for localized spin operators. It is shown that the Kondo screening enhances the trend to a spin liquid crossover and suppresses antiferromagnetic ordering in perfect Kondo lattices and spin glass ordering in doped Kondo lattices. The modified Doniach's diagram is constructed, and possibilities of going beyond the mean field approximation are discussed.
description: 18 pages, RevTeX, 7 EPS figures included
MOESM19 of Overexpression of OsPUB41, a Rice E3 ubiquitin ligase induced by cell wall degrading enzymes, enhances immune responses in Rice and Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Kachewar, Neha
name: Vishal Gupta
name: Ranjan, Ashish
name: Hitendra Patel
name: Sonti, Ramesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 19: Table S12. List of strains, plasmids and antibiotics [62â€“64].
A tourist map of Xi’an: combining historical city characteristics with art
Creators: name: Weng, Min
name: Song, Xiaoyan
name: Wang, Lingqi
name: Xie, Huan
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Su, Shiliang
name: Kang, Mengjun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The design of tourist maps of historical cities sometimes fails to balance functionality and artistry or does not fully reflect cities’ cultural connotations. In this paper, we select Xi'an, China, as a study case and design a tourist map through a spatial narrative to reflect its artistic characteristics in the layout design, color design and symbol design. A few operational suggestions are proposed for improving functionality and artistry in tourist mapping, including variable scales, topological optimization, hand-painted symbols and colors extracted from the architecture of the city.
Economics of Food and Agriculture (Third edition, 2014)
Creators: name: Debertin, David L.
name: Debertin, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Agricultural Economics
subject: Introductory Agricultural Economics
subject: Economics of Food and Agriculture

description: This is a heavily-revised version of an introductory agricultural economics text book “Economics of Food and Agriculture” that was originally published by Kendall Hunt, in 1990 but has long been out of print. The material is intended for use as a series of classroom presentations for an introductory agricultural economics course, and for downloading by beginning students to their computers and tablets. No mathematics prerequisites other than basic algebra are required. There are two files, one containing 620 color pdf slides in 17 chapters. A second file handout file contains the same slides set up for printing on a black-and-white printer, two-to-a-page. The 1990 versions of this book relied heavily on graphs that constructed by the author using secondary data. Now there are many other sources, most notably the graphs contained in the USDA ERS chart gallery. In updating this version to the present, I retained a few of the graphs that were in the original version, but then located graphs created by the USDA ERS in their chart gallery in order to add to and supplement the original information. These slides were originally constructed employing Harvard Graphics routines. At that point in computing history, clip art as opposed to photographs was being used extensively. By retaining some of the quirky clip art from the original version, I have also retained some of the look and feel of the original edition. Color is important on these slides. Students will want to download the color file to their laptops or tablet devices. For the most part, the black-and-white handouts look fine, but for a few of the graphs, the color causes lines or other information to be washed out or a graph or map becomes hard to read. Students should refer back to the color version on their computing devices.
description: econfoodag.pdf is 620 color slides arranged in 17 chapters; bweconfoodag.pdf is set up for printing on a black-and-white printer two-to-a-page
The degradation of MgB2 under ambient environment
Creators: name: Serquis, A.
name: Zhu, Y. T.
name: Peterson, D. E.
name: Mueller, F. M.
name: Schulze, R. K.
name: Nesterenko, V. F.
name: Indrakanti, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconductivities of samples prepared by several procedures were found to degrade under ambient environment. The degradation mechanism was studied by measuring the change of surface chemical composition of dense MgB2 pellets (prepared by hot isostatic pressure, HIPed) under atmospheric exposure using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that samples with poor connectivity between grains and with smaller grain sizes degrade with time when exposed to ambient conditions. In these samples, the Tc did not change with time, but the superconducting transition became broader and the Meissner fraction decreased. In contrast, our well-sintered and the HIPed samples remained stable for several months under ambient condition. The degradation was found to be related to surface decomposition as observed by XPS. We observed the formation of oxidized Mg, primarily in the form of a Mg hydroxide, the increase of C and O contents, and the reduction of B concentration in the surface layer of MgB2 samples.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Time scales for charge-transfer based operations on Majorana systems
Creators: name: Souto, R. Seoane
name: Flensberg, K.
name: Leijnse, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we analyze the efficiency of operations based on transferring charge from a quantum dot (QD) to two coupled topological superconductors, which can be used for performing nonabelian operations on Majorana bound states (MBSs). We develop a method which allows us to describe the full time-evolution of the system as the QD energy is manipulated. Using a full counting statistics analysis, we set bounds to the operation time scales. The lower bound depends on the superconducting phase difference due to a partial decoupling of the different MBSs parity sectors, while the upper bound is set by the tunneling of quasiparticles to the MBSs. Using realistic parameters, we find the existence of a regime where the operation can be carried out with a fidelity close to unity. Finally, we propose the use of a two operations protocol to quantify the effect of the dephasing and accumulated dynamical phases, demonstrating their absence for certain superconducting phase differences.
description: Main text: 5 pages, 4 figures (supplementary information: 6 pages and 3 figures)
MOESM2 of Disentangling Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle dynamics through the identification of blood meal sources of natural populations of Triatoma dimidiata in Yucatán, Mexico
Creators: name: Moo-Millan, Joel
name: Arnal, Audrey
name: Pérez-Carrillo, Silvia
name: Hernandez-Andrade, Anette
name: María-Jesús Ramírez-Sierra
name: Rosado-Vallado, Miguel
name: Dumonteil, Eric
name: Waleckx, Etienne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Curated sequences obtained in this study for Triatoma dimidiata blood meal source identification.
A Curtain to Help Maintain Temperatures in Local Refrigerated Delivery Trucks
Creators: name: Guilfoy, Robert F.
name: Guilfoy, Robert F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1957
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Summary: In the summer of 1955, the Department of Agriculture conducted a study of the operation of refrigerated trucks used for local delivery of frozen foods. These studies were made in the cities of Atlanta, Ga. , Washington, D. C. , and Baltimore, Md. Frost melting on the "cold plates" caused considerable dripping inside most of the trucks. Also, the product temperature was considerably higher at the time of delivery than when loaded into the truck. One of the major reasons for higher temperatures inside refrigerated trucks in summer is that warm air enters each time the truck door is opened at a delivery stop. Various types of canvas curtains have been installed inside the rear door by operators of refrigerated trucks in an attempt to reduce this in-flow of warm air. However, because a canvas curtain prevents entry of light and often becomes wet or frozen stiff, it has never proved practicable. The curtain described in this report was developed as a practical solution to difficulties encountered with previous curtains. It consists of 2 weighted halves and is made of a commercially available transparent and tough polyester plastic film reinforced with neoprene coated nylon. A curtain was installed in each of 5 trucks and was tested under actual operating conditions during the summer of 1956.
Asymptotic Probability Density Function of Nonlinear Phase Noise
Creators: name: Ho, Keang-Po
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymptotic probability density function of nonlinear phase noise, often called the Gordon-Mollenauer effect, is derived analytically when the number of fiber spans is very large. The nonlinear phase noise is the summation of infinitely many independently distributed noncentral chi-square random variables with two degrees of freedom. The mean and standard deviation of those random variables are both proportional to the square of the reciprocal of all odd natural numbers. The nonlinear phase noise can also be accurately modeled as the summation of a noncentral chi-square random variable with two degrees of freedom and a Gaussian random variable.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures