cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-conservative evolution in Algols: where is the matter?
Creators: name: Deschamps, Romain
name: Braun, Kilian
name: Jorissen, Alain
name: Siess, Lionel
name: Baes, Marteen
name: Camps, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is gathering indirect evidence suggesting non-conservative evolutions in Algols. However, the systemic mass-loss rate is poorly constrained by observations and generally set as a free parameter in binary-star evolution simulations. Moreover, systemic mass loss may lead to observational signatures that are still to be found. We investigate the impact of the outflowing gas and the possible presence of dust grains on the spectral energy distribution (SED). We used the 1D plasma code Cloudy and compared the results with the 3D Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code Skirt for dusty simulations. The circumbinary mass-distribution and binary parameters are computed with state-of-the-art binary calculations done with the Binstar evolution code. The outflowing material reduces the continuum flux-level of the stellar SED in the optical and UV. Due to the time-dependence of this effect, it may help to distinguish between different ejection mechanisms. Dust, if present, leads to observable infrared excesses even with low dust-to-gas ratios and traces the cold material at large distances from the star. By searching for such dust emission in the WISE catalogue, we found a small number of Algols showing infrared excesses, among which the two rather surprising objects SX Aur and CZ Vel. We find that some binary B[e] stars show the same strong Balmer continuum as we predict with our models. However, direct evidence of systemic mass loss is probably not observable in genuine Algols, since these systems no longer eject mass through the hotspot mechanism. Furthermore, owing to its high velocity, the outflowing material dissipates in a few hundred years. If hot enough, the hotspot may produce highly ionised species such as SiIV and observable characteristics that are typical of W Ser systems.
description: Accepted for piblications in A&A; 21 pages, 19 figures
Yade Documentation
Creators: name: Smilauer, Vaclav
name: Angelidakis, Vasileios
name: Catalano, Emanuele
name: Caulk, Robert
name: Chareyre, Bruno
name: Chevremont, William
name: Dorofeenko, Sergei
name: Duriez, Jerome
name: Dyck, Nolan
name: Elias, Jan
name: Er, Burak
name: Eulitz, Alexander
name: Gladky, Anton
name: Guo, Ning
name: Jakob, Christian
name: Kneib, Francois
name: Kozicki, Janek
name: Marzougui, Donia
name: Maurin, Raphael
name: Modenese, Chiara
name: Pekmezi, Gary
name: Scholtes, Luc
name: Sibille, Luc
name: Stransky, Jan
name: Sweijen, Thomas
name: Thoeni, Klaus
name: Yuan, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Yade is an extensible open-source framework for discrete numerical models, focused on the Discrete Element Method. The computation parts are written in c++ using a flexible object model and allowing independent implementation of new algorithms and interfaces. Python is used for rapid and concise scene construction, simulation control, postprocessing and debugging. Yade is located at yade-dem.org, which contains this documentation. Development is kindly hosted on launchpad and GitLab ; they are used for source code, bug tracking and source downloads and more. Building, regression tests and packages distribution are hosted on servers of the Grenoble Geomechanics group at Laboratoire 3SR, UMS Gricad and Gdańsk University of Technology. Yade supports high precision calculations and Python 3. The development branch is on GitLab.
Commissioning of the new taggers of the KLOE-2 experiment
Creators: name: Babusci, D.
name: Ciambrone, P.
name: Mascolo, M.
name: Messi, R.
name: Moricciani, D.
name: Fiore, S.
name: Gauzzi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to fully reconstruct the gamma gamma processes (e+e- -> e+e- gamma gamma) in the energy region of the phi meson production, new detectors along the DAFNE beam line have been installed in order to detect the scattered e+e-.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, sumbitted to Acta Physica Polonica B
Semianalytical solutions of Ising-like and Potts-like magnetic polymers on the Bethe lattice
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Nathann T.
name: Oliveira, Tiago J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study magnetic polymers, defined as self-avoiding walks where each monomer $i$ carries a "spin'' $s_i$ and interacts with its first neighbor monomers, let us say $j$, via a coupling constant $J(s_i,s_j)$. Ising-like [$s_i = \pm 1$, with $J(s_i,s_j) = \varepsilon s_i s_j$] and Potts-like [$s_i = 1,\ldots,q$, with $J(s_i,s_j)=\varepsilon_{s_i} δ(s_i,s_j)$] models are investigated. Some particular cases of these systems have recently been studied in the continuum and on regular lattices, and are related to interesting applications. Here, we solve these models on Bethe lattices of ramification $σ$, focusing on the ferromagnetic case in zero external magnetic field. In most cases, the phase diagrams present a non-polymerized (NP) and two polymerized phases: a paramagnetic (PP) and a ferromagnetic (FP) one. However, quite different thermodynamic properties are found depending on $q$ in the Potts-like polymers and on whether one uses the Ising or Potts coupling in the two-state systems. Importantly, these results indicate that when $q\le 6$ the spin ordering transition is preceded by the polymer collapse transition, whereas for $q\ge 7$ and in the Ising case these transitions happen together at critical-end-points. Some interesting non-standard Potts models are also studied, such as the lattice version of the model for epigenetic marks in the chromatin introduced in [PRX {\bf 6}, 041047 (2016)]. In addition, the solution of the dilute Ising and dilute Potts models on the Bethe lattice are also presented here, once they are important to understand the PP-FP transitions.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Coarse Graining of Electric Field Interactions with Materials
Creators: name: Jha, Prashant Kumar
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90799 Environmental Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: In this work, we present our continuum limit calculations of electrical interactions in ionic crystals and dielectrics. Continuum limit calculations serve two main purposes. First, they give an idea of how the macroscopic behavior of the material is related to the interactions at the atomistic scale. Second, they help in developing a multiscale numerical method, where the goal is to model the material both at the scale of atoms and at the macroscale.
Verdichtung von ungebundenen Pflasterdecken und Plattenbelägen
Creators: name: Metzing, Andreas Heiko
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschafltiche Fakultät, Professur Geotechnik und Küstenwasserbau
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 620 Engineering & allied operations

description: Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die Herstellung eines ungebundenen Belages, respektive die Verdichtung der ungebundenen Pflasterdecke bzw. des ungebundenen Plattenbelages einen Einfluss auf die Anfangsstabilität der ungebundenen Fugen in Abhängigkeit vom Fugenmaterial besitzt.
VLT near- to mid-IR imaging and spectroscopy of the M17 UC1-IRS5 region
Creators: name: Chen, Zhiwei
name: Nuernberger, Dieter E. A.
name: Chini, Rolf
name: Jiang, Zhibo
name: Fang, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the surroundings of the hypercompact HII region M17 UC1 to probe the physical properties of the associated young stellar objects and the environment of massive star formation. Five of the seven point sources in this region show $L$-band excess emission. Geometric match is found between the H_2 emission and near-IR polarized light in the vicinity of IRS5A, and between the diffuse mid-IR emission and near-IR polarization north of UC1. The H_2 emission is typical for dense PDRs, which are FUV pumped initially and repopulated by collisional de-excitation. The spectral types of IRS5A and B273A are B3-B7 V/III and G4-G5 III, respectively. The observed infrared luminosity L_IR in the range 1-20 micron is derived for three objects; we obtain 2.0x10^3 L_\sun for IRS5A, 13 L_\sun for IRS5C, and 10 L_\sun for B273A. IRS5 might be a young quadruple system. Its primary star IRS5A is confirmed to be a high-mass protostellar object (~ 9 M_\sun, ~1x10^5 yrs); it might have terminated accretion due to the feedback from the stellar activities (radiation pressure, outflow) and the expanding HII region of M17. UC1 might also have terminated accretion because of the expanding hypercompact HII region ionized by itself. The disk clearing process of the low-mass YSOs in this region might be accelerated by the expanding HII region. The outflows driven by UC1 are running in south-north with its northeastern side suppressed by the expanding ionization front of M17; the blue-shifted outflow lobe of IRS5A is seen in two types of tracers along the same line of sight in the form of H_2 emission filament and mid-emission. The H_2 line ratios probe the properties of M17 SW PDR, which is confirmed to have a clumpy structure with two temperature distributions: warm, dense molecular clumps with n_H>10^5 cm^-3 and T~575 K and cooler atomic gas with n_H~3.7x10^3-1.5x10^4 cm-3 and T~50-200 K.
description: accepted for publication in A&A, 19 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables
Logarithmic Corrections, Entanglement Entropy, and UV Cutoffs in de Sitter Spacetime
Creators: name: Arenas-Henriquez, Gabriel
name: Diaz, Felipe
name: Sundell, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been argued that the entropy of de Sitter space corresponds to the entanglement between disconnected regions computable by switching on a replica parameter $q$ modeled by the quotient dS$/\mathbb{Z}_q$. Within this framework, we show that the centrally-extended asymptotic symmetry algebra near the cosmic horizon is a single copy of the Virasoro algebra. The resulting density of states matches the semi-classical result of Gibbons and Hawking up to an undetermined constant that is chosen to reproduce the entanglement entropy previously found in the literature. It follows that the logarithmic quantum corrections to the Cardy entropy reproduces the known one-loop result computed in the bulk in the presence of a cutoff. The resulting entanglement entropy follows the divergent area law, where the UV cutoff is now a function of the replica parameter. Thus, as the near-horizon CFT fixes the cutoff in units of the Planck scale, the model can be viewed as a probe into whether the defect Hilbert space has a finite dimension; indeed, the limit $q\to 0$, reproduces Banks' formula. We also study the quantum corrections of the effective description of the horizon entropy by means of Liouville field theory, where the large $q$ limit corresponds to a realization of dS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence matching the logarithmic corrections to three-dimensional de Sitter space obtained by computing the one-loop contribution to the quantum gravity partition function in the round three-sphere.
description: 24 pages. V2: References added, minor typos corrected. V3: Comments, references and 3 figures added, typos corrected. V4: Matches published version in JHEP
Shape Coexistence at Zero Spin in Ni 64 Driven by the Monopole Tensor Interaction
Creators: name: Crawford, H.L.
name: Fornal, B.
name: Hayes, A.B.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Oprea, A.
name: Harca, I.
name: Jentschel, M.
name: Ujeniuc, S.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Gade, A.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Cieplicka-Oryczak, N.
name: Boromiza, M.
name: Mutti, P.
name: Henderson, J.
name: Barani, M.
name: Lica, R.
name: Pascu, S.
name: Stolze, S.M.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Maugeri, E.A.
name: Wu, C.Y.
name: Toma, S.
name: Negret, A.
name: Bender, P.C.
name: Ionescu, A.
name: Turturica, A.
name: Fracassetti, S.
name: Clisu, C.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Li, J.
name: Köster, U.
name: Michelagnoli, C.
name: Florea, N.
name: Calinescu, S.
name: Mihai, R.E.
name: Schumann, D.
name: Marginean, R.
name: Krishichayan,
name: Crespi, F.C.L.
name: Wu, J.
name: Sferrazza, M.
name: Tsunoda, Y.
name: Mitu, A.
name: Ciemała, M.
name: Stan, L.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Sotty, C.
name: Krzysiek, M.
name: Dinescu, I.E.
name: Costache, C.
name: Walters, W.B.
name: Forney, A.M.
name: Rhodes, D.
name: Dudouet, J.
name: Korschinek, G.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Little, D.
name: Şuvaila, R.
name: Ziliani, S.
name: Cline, D.
name: Bracco, A.
name: Filipescu, D.
name: Petrone, C.
name: Mihai, C.
name: Olacel, A.
name: Iskra, W.
name: Kandzia, F.
name: Chowdhury, P.
name: Leoni, S.
name: Otsuka, T.
name: Gheorghe, I.
name: Niţa, C.R.
name: Kim, Y.H.
name: Bottoni, S.
name: Porzio, C.
name: Auranen, K.
name: Campbell, C.M.
name: Mǎrginean, N.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2020

description: The low-spin structure of the semimagic Ni64 nucleus has been considerably expanded: combining four experiments, several 0+ and 2+ excited states were identified below 4.5 MeV, and their properties established. The Monte Carlo shell model accounts for the results and unveils an unexpectedly complex landscape of coexisting shapes: a prolate 0+ excitation is located at a surprisingly high energy (3463 keV), with a collective 2+ state 286 keV above it, the first such observation in Ni isotopes. The evolution in excitation energy of the prolate minimum across the neutron N=40 subshell gap highlights the impact of the monopole interaction and its variation in strength with N.
Longitudinal Wobbling Motion in Au 187
Creators: name: Wu, J.
name: Palit, R.
name: Burdette, D.P.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Forney, A.M.
name: Ghugre, S.S.
name: Copp, P.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Cozzi, J.L.
name: Chen, Q.B.
name: Hartley, D.J.
name: Walters, W.B.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Frauendorf, S.
name: Howard, K.B.
name: Garg, U.
name: Li, J.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Sensharma, N.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2020

description: The rare phenomenon of nuclear wobbling motion has been investigated in the nucleus Au187. A longitudinal wobbling-bands pair has been identified and clearly distinguished from the associated signature-partner band on the basis of angular distribution measurements. Theoretical calculations in the framework of the particle rotor model are found to agree well with the experimental observations. This is the first experimental evidence for longitudinal wobbling bands where the expected signature partner band has also been identified, and establishes this exotic collective mode as a general phenomenon over the nuclear chart.
The Microwave Thermal Emission from the Zodiacal Dust Cloud Predicted with Contemporary Meteoroid Models
Creators: name: Dikarev, Valery V.
name: Schwarz, Dominik J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predictions of the microwave thermal emission from the interplanetary dust cloud are made using several contemporary meteoroid models to construct the distributions of cross-section area of dust in space, and applying the Mie light-scattering theory to estimate the temperatures and emissivities of dust particles in broad size and heliocentric distance ranges. In particular, the model of the interplanetary dust cloud by Kelsall et al. (1998, ApJ 508: 44-73), the five populations of interplanetary meteoroids of Divine (1993, JGR 98(E9): 17,029-17,048) and the Interplanetary Meteoroid Engineering Model (IMEM) by Dikarev et al. (2004, EMP 95: 109-122) are used in combination with the optical properties of olivine, carbonaceous and iron spherical particles. The Kelsall model has been widely accepted by the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) community. We show, however, that it predicts the microwave emission from interplanetary dust remarkably different from the results of application of the meteoroid engineering models. We make maps and spectra of the microwave emission predicted by the three models assuming variant composition of dust particles. Predictions can be used to look for the emission from interplanetary dust in CMB experiments as well as to plan new observations.
description: Submitted to A&A
Precise Image Generation on Current Noisy Quantum Computing Devices
Creators: name: Rehm, Florian
name: Vallecorsa, Sofia
name: Borras, Kerstin
name: Grossi, Michele
name: Krücker, Dirk
name: Varo Garcia, Maria del Valle
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: hardware: quantum
machine learning: quantum
noise: quantum
particle: energy
quantum circuit: variational
quantum device
CERN LHC Coll
noisy intermediate-scale quantum
calibration
CERN Lab

description: The Quantum Angle Generator (QAG) is a new full Quantum Machine Learning model designed to generate accurate images on current Noise Intermediate Scale (NISQ) Quantum devices. Variational quantum circuits form the core of the QAG model, and various circuit architectures are evaluated. In combination with the so-called MERA-upsampling architecture, the QAG model achieves excellent results, which are analyzed and evaluated in detail. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a quantum model has achieved such accurate results. To explore the robustness of the model to noise, an extensive quantum noise study is performed. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the model trained on a physical quantum device learns the noise characteristics of the hardware and generates outstanding results. It is verified that even a quantum hardware machine calibration change during training of up to 8% can be well tolerated. For demonstration, the model is employed in indispensable simulations in high energy physics required to measure particle energies and, ultimately, to discover unknown particles at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.
Principle of Thermal Phenomena
Creators: name: huang, chunke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510201
subject: Atomic and molecular physics
classificationCode: 510299
subject: Atomic, molecular and optical physics not elsewhere classified

description: The universe is a complex phenomenon that involves quantum processes, physical processes, chemical processes, biochemical processes, social processes, and other unknown processes. Therefore, all the theories used to explain different aspects of the same object must be complementary and non-exclusive.
We do not believe that different branches of physics can exist independently and be incompatible with each other. For example, microphysics and macrophysics should not have conflicting theories. However, in the current situation, many different physical theory systems can only exist independently.
Smart Analysis Physics takes into account various aspects, including the high intelligence construction of the human species, the representation and rendering of mathematical language systems, and the recognition of scientific and cultural knowledge by the humanities and society. These different aspects of analysis have an impact on physical theories.
For example, the societal recognition of scientific and cultural knowledge is related to its social popularity. The theory of relativity by Einstein has high social recognition, which makes it difficult for contradictory views to coexist, even if those views are correct.
To reconcile microphysics and macrophysics, the best approach is to extend macroscopic physical theories to the microscopic scale from the beginning. The principle of thermal phenomena primarily operates through electromagnetic coupling, and this theory, discovered in traditional physics, can easily be applicable to quantum scales or even more microscopic physical theories.
After Einstein introduced relativity, there hasn't been substantial development in the modern physical system, mainly due to the lack of a theory to explain light phenomena.
When we talk about "wave-particle duality," we are referring to the characteristics of light, not its representation. It is not wrong to say this statement. However, using "wave-particle duality" to prove a physical principle can lead to fallacies. Some people arbitrarily choose to believe light is particles or waves to support their theories, which is absurd.
The photoelectric effect, successfully explained by Einstein, is an example of a physical phenomenon that can be explained by the particle theory of light. He proposed that light is composed of energy units (photons or light quanta) that are strictly related to its wavelength. However, in 1969, Willis Lamb and Marlan Scully demonstrated that the photoelectric effect can also be explained purely by wave concepts. This indicates that we can fully explain light phenomena using wave theory.
If we want to refute the particle theory of light, the work to be done is simple. We need to use the wave theory of light to explain all known light phenomena.
Inversion of stellar fundamental parameters from Espadons and Narval high-resolution spectra
Creators: name: Paletou, F.
name: Böhm, T.
name: Watson, V.
name: Trouilhet, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general context of this study is the inversion of stellar fundamental parameters from high-resolution Echelle spectra. We aim indeed at developing a fast and reliable tool for the post-processing of spectra produced by Espadons and Narval spectropolarimeters. Our inversion tool relies on principal component analysis. It allows reduction of dimensionality and the definition of a specific metric for the search of nearest neighbours between an observed spectrum and a set of observed spectra taken from the Elodie stellar library. Effective temperature, surface gravity, total metallicity and projected rotational velocity are derived. Various tests presented in this study, and done from the sole information coming from a spectral band centered around the Mg I b-triplet and with spectra from FGK stars are very promising.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures (accepted A&A). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.1083
Additional file 14 of Repeat length of C9orf72-associated glycine–alanine polypeptides affects their toxicity
Creators: name: Morón-Oset, Javier
name: Fischer, Lilly Katharina Sophie
name: Jauré, Nathalie
name: Zhang, Pingze
name: Jahn, Annika Julia
name: Supèr, Tessa
name: Pahl, André
name: Isaacs, Adrian M.
name: Grönke, Sebastian
name: Partridge, Linda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 14.. Supplemental Methods: DNA sequences of the open reading frames of GA100, GA200, GA400, GFP, GA400-GFP, mCherry and GA400-mCherry transgenic constructs.
Report on a User Test and Extension of a Type Debugger for Novice Programmers
Creators: name: Ishii, Yuki
name: Asai, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5

description: A type debugger interactively detects the expressions that cause type errors. It asks users whether they intend the types of identifiers to be those that the compiler inferred. However, it seems that novice programmers often get in trouble when they think about how to fix type errors by reading the messages given by the type debugger. In this paper, we analyze the user tests of a type debugger and report problems of the current type debugger. We then extend the type debugger to address these problems. Specifically, we introduce expression-specific error messages and language levels. Finally, we show type errors that we think are difficult to explain to novice programmers. The subjects of the user tests were 40 novice students belonging to the department of information science at Ochanomizu University.
description: In Proceedings TFPIE 2014, arXiv:1412.4738
Search for the 1/2+ intruder state in P 35
Creators: name: Kuvin, S.A.
name: Campbell, C.M.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Cromaz, M.
name: Sethi, J.
name: Crawford, H.L.
name: Winkelbauer, J.R.
name: Wuosmaa, A.H.
name: Clark, R.M.
name: Salathe, M.
name: Jones, M.D.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Fallon, P.
name: Kay, B.P.
name: Wiedeking, M.
name: Macchiavelli, A.O.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2020

description: The excitation energy of deformed intruder states (specifically the 2p2h bandhead) as a function of proton number Z along N=20 is of interest both in terms of better understanding the evolution of nuclear structure between spherical Ca40 and the Island of Inversion nuclei, and for benchmarking theoretical descriptions in this region. At the center of the N=20 Island of Inversion, the npnh (where n=2,4,6) neutron excitations across a diminished N=20 gap result in deformed and collective ground states, as observed in Mg32. In heavier isotones, npnh excitations do not dominate in the ground states but are present in the relatively low-lying level schemes. With the aim of identifying the expected 2p2h - s1/2+ state in P35, the only N=20 isotone for which the neutron 2p2h excitation bandhead has not yet been identified, the S36(d,He3)P35 reaction has been revisited in inverse kinematics with the HELical Orbit Spectrometer (HELIOS) at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS). While a candidate state has not been located, an upper limit for the transfer reaction cross section to populate such a configuration within a 2.5 to 3.6 MeV energy range provides a stringent constraint on the wave function compositions in both S36 and P35.
Diffuse radio emission from non-Planck galaxy clusters in the LoTSS-DR2 fields
Creators: name: Hoang, D. N.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Botteon, A.
name: Shimwell, T. W.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Bonafede, A.
name: Bruno, L.
name: Bonnassieux, E.
name: Cassano, R.
name: Cuciti, V.
name: Drabent, A.
name: de Gasperin, F.
name: Gastaldello, F.
name: Di Gennaro, G.
name: Hoeft, M.
name: Jones, A.
name: Pignataro, G. V.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Simionescu, A.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of large-scale magnetic fields and ultra-relativistic electrons in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) is confirmed through the detection of diffuse radio synchrotron sources, so-called radio halos and relics. Due to their steep-spectrum nature, these sources are rarely detected at frequencies above a few GHz, especially in low-mass systems. The aim of this study is to discover and characterise diffuse radio sources in low-mass galaxy clusters in order to understand their origin and their scaling with host cluster properties. We searched for cluster-scale radio emission from low-mass galaxy clusters in the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey - Data Release 2 (LoTSS-DR2) fields. We made use of existing optical (Abell, DESI, WHL) and X-ray (comPRASS, MCXC) catalogues. The LoTSS-DR2 data were processed further to improve the quality of the images that are used to detect and characterize diffuse sources. We have detected diffuse radio emission in 28 galaxy clusters. The number of confirmed (candidates) halos and relics are six (seven) and 10 (three), respectively. Among these, 11 halos and 10 relics, including candidates, are newly discovered by LOFAR. Beside these, five diffuse sources are detected in tailed radio galaxies and are probably associated with mergers during the formation of the host clusters. We are unable to classify other 13 diffuse sources. We compare our newly detected, diffuse sources to known sources by placing them on the scaling relation between the radio power and the mass of the host clusters.
Magnetic Bloch Theorem and Reentrant Flat Bands in Twisted Bilayer Graphene at $2π$ Flux
Creators: name: Herzog-Arbeitman, Jonah
name: Chew, Aaron
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bloch's theorem is the centerpiece of topological band theory, which itself has defined an era of quantum materials research. However, Bloch's theorem is broken by a perpendicular magnetic field, making it difficult to study topological systems in strong flux. For the first time, moiré materials have made this problem experimentally relevant, and its solution is the focus of this work. We construct gauge-invariant irreps of the magnetic translation group at $2π$ flux on infinite boundary conditions, allowing us to give analytical expressions in terms of the Siegel theta function for the magnetic Bloch Hamiltonian, non-Abelian Wilson loop, and many-body form factors. We illustrate our formalism using a simple square lattice model and the Bistritzer-MacDonald Hamiltonian of twisted bilayer graphene, obtaining reentrant ground states at $2π$ flux under the Coulomb interaction.
Ne 19 level structure for explosive nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Chipps, K.A.
name: Varner, R.L.
name: Ota, S.
name: Hall, O.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Blackmon, J.C.
name: Baugher, T.
name: Burcher, S.
name: Cha, S.M.
name: Sims, H.
name: Wilson, G.L.
name: Lepailleur, A.
name: Smith, K.
name: Rasco, B.C.
name: Hu, J.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Febbraro, M.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Santiago-Gonzalez, D.
name: Anderson, J.T.
name: Pain, S.D.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Bardayan, D.W.
name: Jones, K.L.
name: O'Malley, P.D.
name: Tan, W.P.
name: Cizewski, J.A.
name: Hall, M.R.
name: Ratkiewicz, A.
name: Allen, J.M.
name: Walter, D.
name: Lee, E.J.
name: Thompson, P.
name: Thornsberry, C.
name: Jiang, C.L.
name: Ahn, S.
name: Chae, K.Y.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2020

description: Background: Ne19 is an important isotope in nuclear astrophysics due to its role in both the F18(p,α)O15 and O15(α,γ)Ne19 reactions in novae and Type I x-ray bursts, respectively. The energy levels of Ne19 near the α and proton thresholds (Sα=3529 keV, Sp=6410 keV) correspond to resonances in both of these reactions. Previous measurements to study the structure of Ne19 have focused on both regions in an effort to constrain these reaction rates. Purpose: Discrepancies in the energies, spins, and parities for levels in Ne19 from previous measurements contribute to the reaction-rate uncertainties. Gamma rays from the depopulation of excited states in Ne19 were measured to reduce the level-energy uncertainties and inconsistencies in previous spin-parity assignments. Methods: The F19(He3,t)Ne19 reaction was used to elucidate the structure of Ne19 levels up to Ex=6.9 MeV. The reaction products were measured using Gammasphere ORRUBA: Dual Detectors for Experimental Structure Studies - a coupling of the Oak Ridge Rutgers University Barrel Array and Gammasphere at Argonne National Laboratory. Tritons produced in the reaction were measured in coincidence with γ rays from the deexcitation of Ne19 energy levels. Results: Previously unobserved transitions allowed for discrepancies in the resonance properties relevant to these two reactions to be resolved. In total, 41 transitions from 21 energy levels were measured in Ne19, with 21 of those transitions being previously unobserved. Of particular importance, transitions from two 3/2+ states with energies of 6423(3) and 6441(3) keV, crucial for accurate estimations of the F18(p,α)O15 reaction rate, were found. Conclusions: Energies and spin-parities of important energy levels near the proton and α thresholds were measured and some of the discrepancies in previous measurements were resolved. Measurement of the two near-threshold 3/2+ states reduced the calculated upper limit of the F18(p,α)O15 reaction rate by factors of 1.5-17 in the nova temperature range.
An asymptotically F-distributed Chow test in the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation
Creators: name: Sun, Yixiao
name: Wang, Xuexin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: This study proposes a simple, trustworthy Chow test in the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. The test is based on a series heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation robust variance estimator with judiciously crafted basis functions. Like the Chow test in a classical normal linear regression, the proposed test employs the standard F distribution as the reference distribution, which is justified under fixed-smoothing asymptotics. Monte Carlo simulations show that the null rejection probability of the asymptotic F test is closer to the nominal level than that of the chi-square test.
Constraining R$_V$ Variation Using Highly Reddened Type Ia Supernovae from the Pantheon+ Sample
Creators: name: Rose, Benjamin M.
name: Popovic, Brodie
name: Scolnic, Dan
name: Brout, Dillon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are powerful tools for measuring the expansion history of the universe, but the impact of dust around SNe Ia remains unknown and is a critical systematic uncertainty. One way to improve our empirical description of dust is to analyse highly reddened SNe Ia ($E(B-V)>0.4$, roughly equivalent to the fitted SALT2 light-curve parameter $c>0.3$). With the recently released Pantheon+ sample, there are 57 SNe Ia that were removed because of their high colour alone (with colours up to $c=1.61$), which can provide enormous leverage on understanding line-of-sight $R_V$. Previous studies have claimed that $R_V$ decreases with redder colour, though it is unclear if this is due to limited statistics, selection effects, or an alternative explanation. To test this claim, we fit two separate colour-luminosity relationships, one for the main cosmological sample ($c<0.3$) and one for highly reddened ($c>0.3$) SNe Ia. We find the change in the colour-luminosity coefficient to be consistent with zero. Additionally, we compare the data to simulations with different colour models, and find that the data prefers a model with a flat dependence of $R_V$ on colour over a declining dependence. Finally, our results strongly support that line-of-sight $R_V$ to SNe Ia is not a single value, but forms a distribution.
description: Accepted to MNRAS, updating to match accepted version. 11 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
Continuous Graphical Models for Static and Dynamic Distributions: Application to Structural Biology
Creators: name: Razavian, Narges Sharif
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative models of protein structure enable researchers to predict the behavior of proteins under different conditions. Continuous graphical models are powerful and efficient tools for modeling static and dynamic distributions, which can be used for learning generative models of molecular dynamics. In this thesis, we develop new and improved continuous graphical models, to be used in modeling of protein structure. We first present von Mises graphical models, and develop consistent and efficient algorithms for sparse structure learning and
parameter estimation, and inference. We compare our model to sparse Gaussian
graphical model and show it outperforms GGMs on synthetic and Engrailed protein molecular dynamics datasets. Next, we develop algorithms to estimate Mixture of von Mises graphical models using Expectation Maximization, and show that these models outperform Von Mises, Gaussian and mixture of Gaussian graphical models in terms of accuracy of prediction in imputation test of non-redundant protein structure datasets. We then use non-paranormal and nonparametric graphical models, which have extensive representation power, and compare several state of the art structure learning methods that can be used prior to nonparametric inference in reproducing kernel Hilbert space embedded graphical models. To be able to take advantage of the nonparametric models, we also propose feature space embedded belief propagation, and use random Fourier based feature approximation in our proposed feature belief propagation, to scale the inference algorithm to larger datasets. To improve the scalability further, we also show the integration of Coreset selection algorithm with the nonparametric inference, and show that the combined model scales to large datasets with very small adverse effect on the quality of predictions. Finally,
we present time varying sparse Gaussian graphical models, to learn smoothly varying graphical models of molecular dynamics simulation data, and present results on CypA protein
Jets separated by a large pseudorapidity gap at the Tevatron and at the LHC
Creators: name: Baldenegro, C.
name: Duran, P. Gonzalez
name: Klasen, M.
name: Royon, C.
name: Salomon, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a phenomenological analysis of events with two high transverse momentum ($p_T$) jets separated by a large (pseudo-)rapidity interval void of particle activity, also known as jet-gap-jet events. In the limit where the collision energy $\sqrt{s}$ is much larger than any other momentum scale, the jet-gap-jet process is described in terms of perturbative pomeron exchange between partons within the Balitsky--Fadin--Kuraev--Lipatov (BFKL) limit of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The BFKL pomeron exchange amplitudes, with resummation at the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation, have been embedded in the PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo event generator. Standard QCD dijet events are simulated at next-to-leading order in $α_s$ matched to parton showers with POWHEG+PYTHIA8. We compare our calculations to measurements by the CDF, D0, and CMS experiments at center-of-mass energies of 1.8, 7 and 13 TeV. The impact of the theoretical scales, the parton densities, final- and initial-state radiation effects, multiple parton interactions, and $p_T$ thresholds and multiplicities of the particles in the rapidity gap on the jet-gap-jet signature is studied in detail. With a strict gap definition (no particle allowed in the gap), the shapes of most distributions are well described except for the CMS azimuthal-angle distribution at 13 TeV. The survival probability is surprisingly well modelled by multiparton interactions in PYTHIA8. Without multiparton interactions, theoretical predictions based on two-channel eikonal models agree qualitatively with fits to the experimental data.
Functional Automata - Formal Languages for Computer Science Students
Creators: name: Morazán, Marco T.
name: Antunez, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An introductory formal languages course exposes advanced undergraduate and early graduate students to automata theory, grammars, constructive proofs, computability, and decidability. Programming students find these topics to be challenging or, in many cases, overwhelming and on the fringe of Computer Science. The existence of this perception is not completely absurd since students are asked to design and prove correct machines and grammars without being able to experiment nor get immediate feedback, which is essential in a learning context. This article puts forth the thesis that the theory of computation ought to be taught using tools for actually building computations. It describes the implementation and the classroom use of a library, FSM, designed to provide students with the opportunity to experiment and test their designs using state machines, grammars, and regular expressions. Students are able to perform random testing before proceeding with a formal proof of correctness. That is, students can test their designs much like they do in a programming course. In addition, the library easily allows students to implement the algorithms they develop as part of the constructive proofs they write. Providing students with this ability ought to be a new trend in the formal languages classroom.
description: In Proceedings TFPIE 2014, arXiv:1412.4738
热现象原理
Creators: name: huang, chunke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510201
subject: Atomic and molecular physics
classificationCode: 510299
subject: Atomic, molecular and optical physics not elsewhere classified

description: The universe is a complex phenomenon that involves quantum processes, physical processes, chemical processes, biochemical processes, social processes, and other unknown processes. Therefore, all the theories used to explain different aspects of the same object must be complementary and non-exclusive.
We do not believe that different branches of physics can exist independently and be incompatible with each other. For example, microphysics and macrophysics should not have conflicting theories. However, in the current situation, many different physical theory systems can only exist independently.
Smart Analysis Physics takes into account various aspects, including the high intelligence construction of the human species, the representation and rendering of mathematical language systems, and the recognition of scientific and cultural knowledge by the humanities and society. These different aspects of analysis have an impact on physical theories.
For example, the societal recognition of scientific and cultural knowledge is related to its social popularity. The theory of relativity by Einstein has high social recognition, which makes it difficult for contradictory views to coexist, even if those views are correct.
To reconcile microphysics and macrophysics, the best approach is to extend macroscopic physical theories to the microscopic scale from the beginning. The principle of thermal phenomena primarily operates through electromagnetic coupling, and this theory, discovered in traditional physics, can easily be applicable to quantum scales or even more microscopic physical theories.
After Einstein introduced relativity, there hasn't been substantial development in the modern physical system, mainly due to the lack of a theory to explain light phenomena.
When we talk about "wave-particle duality," we are referring to the characteristics of light, not its representation. It is not wrong to say this statement. However, using "wave-particle duality" to prove a physical principle can lead to fallacies. Some people arbitrarily choose to believe light is particles or waves to support their theories, which is absurd.
The photoelectric effect, successfully explained by Einstein, is an example of a physical phenomenon that can be explained by the particle theory of light. He proposed that light is composed of energy units (photons or light quanta) that are strictly related to its wavelength. However, in 1969, Willis Lamb and Marlan Scully demonstrated that the photoelectric effect can also be explained purely by wave concepts. This indicates that we can fully explain light phenomena using wave theory.
If we want to refute the particle theory of light, the work to be done is simple. We need to use the wave theory of light to explain all known light phenomena.
Holographic Anisotropic Background in 5D Einstien-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Creators: name: Sajadi, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we extend the work on the AdS/QCD model to quadratic gravity to gain insight into the influence of gravity. We obtain an anisotropic black brane solution to a $5D$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-two Maxwell-dilaton system. The background is specified by an arbitrary exponent, a dilaton field, a time component of the first Maxwell field, and a magnetic component of the second Maxwell field. The system in three cases has been investigated and in each case the effect of the parameter of theory, the anisotropic parameter has been considered. The blackening function supports the thermodynamical phase transition between small/large and AdS/large black brane for a suitable chemical potential and other parameters.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures, accepted in EPJC
Non-LTE abundance corrections for late-type stars from 2000Å to 3μm: I. Na, Mg, and Al
Creators: name: Lind, K.
name: Nordlander, T.
name: Wehrhahn, A.
name: Montelius, M.
name: Osorio, Y.
name: Barklem, P. S.
name: Afsar, M.
name: Sneden, C.
name: Kobayashi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that cool star atmospheres depart from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Accurate abundance determination requires taking those effects into account, but the necessary non-LTE calculations are often lacking. Our goal is to provide detailed estimates of NLTE effects for FGK type stars for all spectral lines from the ultraviolet to the infrared that are potentially useful as abundance diagnostics. The first paper in this series focusses on the light elements Na, Mg and Al. The code PySME is used to compute curves-of-growth for 2158 MARCS model atmospheres in a wide parameter range. Nine abundance points are used to construct individual line curves-of-growth by calculating the equivalent widths of 35 Na lines, 134 Mg lines, and 34 Al lines. The lines are selected from the ultra-violet to the near infrared wavelength range. We demonstrate the power of the new grids with LTE and NLTE abundance analysis by means of equivalent width measurements of five benchmark stars; the Sun, Arcturus, HD84937, HD140283 and HD122563. For Na, the NLTE abundances are lower than in LTE and show markedly reduced line-to-line scatter in the metal-poor stars. For Mg, we confirm previous reports of a significant 0.25 dex LTE ionization imbalance in metal-poor stars that is only slightly improved in NLTE (0.18 dex). LTE abundances based on Mg II lines agree better with models of Galactic chemical evolution. For Al, NLTE calculations strongly reduce a 0.6 dex ionization imbalance seen in LTE for the metal-poor stars. The abundance corrections presented in this work are in good agreement with previous studies for the subset of lines that overlap, except for strongly saturated lines.
description: 12 pages main text, 7 figures, 14 pages appendix. Accepted for publication in A&A