Archaic Hunters and Gatherers of the Balcones Canyonlands: Data Recovery at the Cibolo Crossing Site (41BX377), Camp Bullis Military Reservation, Bexar County, Texas
Creators: name: Kibler, Karl W.
name: Scott, Ann M.
Publisher: name: Prewitt & Associates, Inc.
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 48998 (Fips Code)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/6846/48998-fips-code
subject: Camp Bullis Military Reservation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/82946/camp-bullis-military-reservation
subject: Bexar (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/4150/bexar-county
subject: Camp Bullis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/82533/camp-bullis
subject: Cibolo Creek
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/17752/cibolo-creek
subject: Balcones
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83241/balcones
subject: Texas (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/348/texas-state-territory
subject: Martindale Hunters and Gatherers
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8610/martindale-hunters-and-gatherers
subject: PaleoIndian
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/4/paleoindian
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8/archaic
subject: Prehistoric
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/120/prehistoric
subject: Early Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/9/early-archaic
subject: Middle Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/10/middle-archaic
subject: Late Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/11/late-archaic
subject: Late Prehistoric
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/156/late-prehistoric
subject: Cibolo Crossing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/89135/cibolo-crossing
subject: 41BX377
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/80963/41bx377
subject: Encampment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/253/encampment
subject: Hunting / Trapping
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/286/hunting-trapping
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Rock Alignment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/360/rock-alignment
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Settlements
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/252/settlements
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management

description: This report documents the two seasons (December 1996 to February 1997 and January to July 1998) of data recovery excavations, analyses, and interpretations conducted by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. for the Cibolo Crossing site (41BX377) at the Camp Bullis Military Reservation, Bexar County, Texas. The Cibolo Crossing site is a deep, stratified site situated on a terrace of Cibolo Creek. Artifacts, features, and other materials recovered from the site represent seven defined components spanning the Paleoindian to Late Prehistoric period. The site was used as a short-term, task-specific (hunting?) camp during the Paleoindian and first part of the Early Archaic periods. Frequent flooding during the early Holocene rendered the locality undesirable in terms of a base camp or habitation site. By the middle Holocene, the terrace had aggraded to a level beyond the reach of all but the highest floods and late Early Archaic hunters and gatherers using Martindale dart points occupied the site on a relatively long term basis, as evidenced by a greater amount of cultural debris representing a variety of activities. Soon after this time period, the surface of the site was severely eroded. The site was subsequently occupied as a base camp by early Middle Archaic hunters using Bell-Andice dart points. After a ca. 2,000–3,000-year absence, hunters and gatherers returned to the site during the Late Archaic period. The site was used in much the same way, as a habitation site where a variety of activities were conducted. It is suggested that use of the site through time, whether as a hunting or base camp, focused on the exploitation of higher-ranked resources, such as bison and deer, that were abundantly available at low costs throughout the Cibolo Creek basin.