"Microscopic Analysis of Undetonated Gunshot Residue for Firearm Classification: A Novel Forensic Approach"
Creators: name: P.S, Muhammad Safar
name: Manaf, Jannath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Forensic sciences
subject: Physical chemistry
subject: Microscopy

description: “Microscopic Analysis of Undetonated Gunshot Residue for Firearm Classification: A Novel Forensic Approach”

Authors:



Muhammad Safar P.S (MSc Forensic Science - Amity University)

Jannath A Manaf (MSc Forensic Science - Amity University)


Contact Information:



Email: muhammadsafarps@gmail.com

Mobile: +971523343649


1. Abstract

This study proposes a novel forensic method to classify firearms based on microscopic analysis of undetonated gunshot residue (GSR). By examining the pore size and grain shape of GSR particles and correlating these characteristics with gunpowder burning rates and firearm barrel length, we aim to develop a reliable technique for firearm identification. This research has the potential to significantly enhance forensic investigations by providing a new tool for law enforcement agencies.

2. Introduction

2.1 Background

Firearm identification is crucial in forensic investigations. Current methods primarily rely on ballistics analysis and chemical composition of GSR. However, these techniques have limitations, particularly when projectiles are severely damaged or when multiple firearms of the same caliber are involved.

2.2 Problem Statement

There is a need for additional methods to complement existing firearm identification techniques. The morphological characteristics of undetonated GSR particles have not been extensively studied for this purpose, presenting a potential avenue for investigation.

2.3 Research Question

Can the microscopic analysis of undetonated GSR particles provide reliable information about the type of firearm used, specifically distinguishing between short-barrel and long-barrel firearms?

 

 

3. Objectives



To characterize the pore size and grain shape of undetonated GSR particles from various firearms using advanced microscopic techniques.

To determine the relationship between GSR particle morphology and gunpowder burning rates.

To establish correlations between GSR characteristics, burning rates, and firearm barrel length.

To develop and validate a forensic methodology for firearm classification based on GSR analysis.


4. Methodology

4.1 Sample Collection



Collect GSR samples from 50 different firearms, including 25 short-barrel and 25 long-barrel guns.

Use standardized ammunition across all tests to control for variables.

Conduct test fires in controlled environmental conditions.


4.2 Microscopic Analysis



Employ Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for high-resolution imaging of GSR particles.

Use Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis.

Utilize Focused Ion Beam (FIB) microscopy for 3D characterization of particle structure.


4.3 Burning Rate Determination



Conduct closed vessel tests to measure pressure-time curves for each gunpowder sample.

Calculate burning rates using established mathematical models.


4.4 Data Analysis



Develop a classification algorithm using machine learning techniques to correlate GSR characteristics with firearm types.

Perform statistical analysis to determine the significance of observed correlations.

Use cross-validation techniques to assess the reliability of the classification model.


4.5 Methodology Validation



Conduct blind tests using GSR samples from firearms not included in the initial dataset.

Collaborate with external forensic laboratories to replicate the methodology and verify results.


 

5. Expected Outcomes



A comprehensive database of GSR particle characteristics correlated with firearm types.

A validated method for classifying firearms based on GSR analysis.

Insights into the relationship between gunpowder morphology, burning rates, and firearm performance.

A new forensic tool to complement existing firearm identification techniques


6. Timeline (12 months)



Months 1-2: Literature review, experimental design, and sample collection

Months 3-5: Microscopic analysis and burning rate experiments

Months 6-8: Data analysis and model development

Months 9-10: Methodology validation and blind testing

Months 11-12: Final analysis, report writing, and preparation for publication


7. Budget



Equipment and Facility Usage: Needs to be determined


8. Ethical Considerations



Obtain necessary permits and approvals for firearm and ammunition use.

Ensure proper safety protocols for handling firearms and GSR.

Maintain confidentiality of any data related to law enforcement agencies.

Consider potential dual-use implications of the research and implement appropriate safeguards.


9. Limitations and Future Directions



Address potential limitations such as the influence of firearm maintenance and environmental factors on GSR characteristics.

Discuss future research directions, including expanding the study to a wider range of firearms and ammunition types.


10. Conclusion

This research proposes a novel approach to firearm identification using microscopic analysis of undetonated GSR. If successful, it could provide law enforcement agencies with a valuable new tool for forensic investigations, complementing existing techniques and potentially improving the accuracy of firearm identification in criminal cases.