cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finite-temperature properties of interacting bosons on a two-leg flux ladder
Creators: name: Buser, Maximilian
name: Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian
name: Schollwöck, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-one-dimensional lattice systems such as flux ladders with artificial gauge fields host rich quantum-phase diagrams that have attracted great interest. However, so far, most of the work on these systems has concentrated on zero-temperature phases while the corresponding finite-temperature regime remains largely unexplored. The question if and up to which temperature characteristic features of the zero-temperature phases persist is relevant in experimental realizations. We investigate a two-leg ladder lattice in a uniform magnetic field and concentrate our study on chiral edge currents and momentum-distribution functions, which are key observables in ultracold quantum-gas experiments. These quantities are computed for hard-core bosons as well as noninteracting bosons and spinless fermions at zero and finite temperatures. We employ a matrix-product-state based purification approach for the simulation of strongly interacting bosons at finite temperatures and analyze finite-size effects. Our main results concern the vortex-fluid-to-Meissner crossover of strongly interacting bosons. We demonstrate that signatures of the vortex-fluid phase can still be detected at elevated temperatures from characteristic finite-momentum maxima in the momentum-distribution functions, while the vortex-fluid phase leaves weaker fingerprints in the local rung currents and the chiral edge current. In order to determine the range of temperatures over which these signatures can be observed, we introduce a suitable measure for the contrast of these maxima. The results are condensed into a finite-temperature crossover diagram for hard-core bosons.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, as published
$Υ$ Dipion Transitions at Energies Near the $Υ(4S)$
Creators: name: Glenn, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a data sample collected with the CLEO II detector at CESR, we have searched for dipion transitions between pairs of $Υ$ resonances at energies near the $Υ(4S)$. We obtain upper limits $B(Υ(4S)\to Υ(2S)π^+π^-) < 3.9 \times 10^{-4}$ and $B(Υ(4S)\to Υ(1S)π^+π^-) < 1.2 \times 10^{-4}$. We also observe the transitions $Υ(3S)\to Υ(1S)$, $Υ(3S)\to Υ(2S)$, and $Υ(2S)\to Υ(1S)$, from which we measure the cross-sections for the radiative processes $e^+e^- \to Υ(3S)γ$ and $e^+e^- \to Υ(2S)γ$.
description: 17 pages, postscript file also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS
Stochastic thermodynamics of self-oscillations: the electron shuttle
Creators: name: Wächtler, C. W.
name: Strasberg, P.
name: Klapp, S. H. L.
name: Schaller, G.
name: Jarzynski, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-oscillation is a phenomenon studied across many scientific disciplines, including the engineering of efficient heat engines and electric generators. We investigate the single electron shuttle, a model nano-scale system that exhibits a spontaneous transition towards self-oscillation, from a thermodynamic perspective. We analyze the model at three different levels of description: The fully stochastic level based on Fokker-Planck and Langevin equations, the mean-field level, and a perturbative solution to the Fokker-Planck equation that works particularly well for small oscillation amplitudes. We provide consistent derivations of the laws of thermodynamics for this model system at each of these levels. At the mean-field level, an abrupt transition to self-oscillation arises from a Hopf bifurcation of the deterministic equations of motion. At the stochastic level, this transition is smeared out by noise, but vestiges of the bifurcation remain visible in the stationary probability density. At all levels of description, the transition towards self-oscillation is reflected in thermodynamic quantities such as heat flow, work and entropy production rate. Our analysis provides a comprehensive picture of a nano-scale self-oscillating system, with stochastic and deterministic models linked by a unifying thermodynamic perspective.
Unusual temperature dependent resistivity of a semiconductor quantum wire
Creators: name: Zheng, Lian
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the electronic resistivity of a GaAs-based semiconductor quantum wire in the presence of acoustic phonon scattering. We find that the usual Drude-Boltzmann transport theory leads to a low temperature activated behavior instead of the well-known Bloch-Grüneisen power law. Many-body electron-phonon renormalization, which is entirely negligible in higher dimensional systems, has a dramatic effect on the low temperature quantum wire transport properties as it qualitatively modifies the temperature dependence of the resistivity from the exponentially activated behavior to an approximate power law behavior at sufficiently low temperatures.
description: 11 pages, RevTex, 4 figures. Also available at http://www-cmg.physics.umd.edu/~lzheng/preprint/
title: Single-chain magnet features in 1D [MnR₄TPP][TCNE] compounds
Creators: name: Bałanda, Maria
name: Tomkowicz, Zbigniew
name: Haase, Wolfgang
name: Rams, Michał
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: Molecular chains of antiferrimagnetically coupled MnIII-ion (S = 2) and TCNE (tetracyanoethylene) radical moments (s = ½) show different behaviour depending on group R substituted to TPP (tetraphenylporphyrin) and on the substitution site. The compound with R = F in Ortho position is a Single-Chain Magnet (SCM) with blocking temperature Tb = 6.6K, while that with R = F in Meta position shows both blocking (Tb = 5.4 K) and magnetic ordering transition (Tc = 10 K). For bulky groups R = OCnH2n+1, the magnetically ordered phase is observed (Tc ≈ 22 K), which does not however prevent slow relaxation at T <8 K. Magnetic hysteresis with coercive field Hc of 2 T at 2.3 K is like that of SCM. The frequency dependent AC susceptibility in the superimposed DC field reveals common features of all systems. The energy of intrachain ferromagnetic coupling between effective spin units 3/2, relevant at low temperatures, is determined for all compounds and the interchain dipolar coupling is estimated. It is concluded that slow relaxation is inherent for all quasi one-dimensional compounds and for the magnetically ordered ones shows up in the high enough magnetic field.
Low Temperature Penetration depth of κ-(ET)_2Cu[N(CN)_2]Br and κ-(ET)_2Cu(NCS)_2
Creators: name: Carrington, A.
name: Bonalde, I. J.
name: Prozorov, R.
name: Giannetta, R. W.
name: Kini, A. M.
name: Schlueter, J.
name: Wang, H. H.
name: Geiser, U.
name: Williams, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high precision measurements of the penetration depth λof single crystals of κ-(ET)_2Cu[N(CN)2]Br and κ-(ET)_2Cu(NCS)_2 at temperature down to 0.4 K. We find that, at low temperatures, the in-plane penetration depth varies as a fractional power law, λ\sim T^1.5. W hilst this may be taken as evidence for novel bose excitation processes, we show that the data are also consistent with a quasi-linear variation of the superfluid density, as is expected for a d-wave superconductor with impurities. Our data for the interplane penetration depth show similar features and give a direct measurement of the absolute value, λ(0)=100\pm 20 μm.
description: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures
RetractoBot: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of notifying authors that they have cited a retracted paper [Registered Report Stage 1 Protocol]
Creators: name: Wartolowska, Karolina
name: Irving, Francis
name: DeVito, Nicholas
name: Feakins, Benjamin
name: Curtis, Helen
name: Bacon, Seb
name: Smeeth, Liam
name: Heneghan, Carl
name: Goldacre, Ben
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine

description: Background: There is a problem with the visibility of retractions, and many retracted papers continue to be cited as if they were still valid. It has been suggested that authors citing retracted papers should be contacted about it, but this has been deemed too challenging and has never been attempted.
Design: This is a randomised controlled trial.
Methods: All eligible retracted papers will be randomised either to the intervention (an email notifying authors of the citing papers about the fact that they have cited a retracted publication) or the control group (no notification email).
Outcomes: The primary outcome will be the rate of citation of retracted papers during 12 months follow-up. The secondary outcomes will be a 24-month follow-up and the qualitative analysis of feedback from the authors in response to the intervention email.
Conclusions: Our trial will investigate whether the number of citations of retracted papers can be reduced by notifying researchers that they cited a retracted paper.
Synthesis of stereoregular polymyrcenes using neodymium-, iron- and copper-based catalysts
Creators: name: Ricci, Giovanni
name: Boccia, Antonella Caterina
name: Palucci, Benedetta
name: Sommazzi, Anna
name: Masi, Francesco
name: Scoti, Miriam
name: De Stefano, Fabio
name: Rosa, Claudio De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401609
subject: Polymers and plastics
classificationCode: 340601
subject: Catalysis and mechanisms of reactions
classificationCode: 340302
subject: Macromolecular materials

description: β-Myrcene polymerization using catalysts derived from pyridyl-imino complexes of neodymium, iron, and copper. The resulting polymers exhibited high stereoregularity. Specifically, the neodymium-based catalyst yielded polymers with a high cis-1,4 configuration (≥97%), whereas the iron and copper catalysts produced a unique structure in stereospecific polymerization: predominantly alternating cis-1,4-alt-3,4 polymers with sequences of cis-1,4 units (five units) along the polymer chain. The polymers were subsequently subjected to structural, thermal, and mechanical characterization.
Beyond the Narrow Resonance Approximation: Decay Constant and Width of the First Pion-Excitation State
Creators: name: Elias, V.
name: Fariborz, A. H.
name: Samuel, M. A.
name: Shi, Fang
name: Steele, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the first pion excitation as a sub-continuum resonance in the pseudoscalar channel, and we obtain parameters characterizing this resonance through a global fit of the Borel-parameter dependence of the field-theoretical pseudoscalar Laplace sum rule to its hadronic (pion + pion-excitation + QCD-continuum) content. Our analysis incorporates finite-width deviations from the narrow resonance approximation, instanton effects, and higher-loop perturbative contributions to the pseudoscalar correlator. We obtain the following values (uncertainties reflect 90% confidence levels): mass $M_Π= 1.15 \pm 0.28 GeV$, width $Γ_Π= < 0.48 GeV$, decay constant $r \equiv [F_ΠM_Π^2 / f_πm_π^2]^2 = 4.7 \pm 2.8$.
description: 9 pages, revtex, no figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
The decoherence criterion
Creators: name: Alfinito, Eleonora
name: Viglione, Rosario G.
name: Vitiello, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decoherence mechanism signals the limits beyond which the system dynamics approaches the classical behavior. We show that in some cases decoherence may also signal the limits beyond which the system dynamics has to be described by quantum field theory, rather than by quantum mechanics.
description: revised paper, in print on Mod. Phys. Lett. B
Accounting for gender research performance differences in ranking universities
Creators: name: Abramo, Giovanni
name: D'Angelo, Ciriaco Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The literature on the theme of gender differences in research performance indicates a quite evident gap in favor of men over women. Beyond the understanding of the factors that could be at the basis of this phenomenon, it is worthwhile understanding if it would be appropriate to conduct the evaluation per population in a manner distinguished by gender. In fact if there is some factor that structurally determines a penalization of performance by women researchers compared to men then the comparative evaluation of organizations' performance that does not take gender into account will lead to an advantage for those that employ more men, under parity in the capacities of their staffs. In this work we measure the differences of the performance and the rank of research institutions as observed when gender is taken into account compared to when it is ignored. The study population consists of all Italian universities and the performance measured in the hard sciences for the period 2006-2010.
Salicylic acid or thiamin increases tolerance to boron toxicity stress in wheat
Creators: name: El-Shazoly, Rasha M.
name: Metwally, Ashraf A.
name: Hamada, Afaf M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Boron (B) toxicity is an important environmental constraint that limits crop productivity. Salicylic acid (SA) and thiamin participate in the processes underlying plant adaptations to certain types of abiotic and biotic stress. This study aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of SA or thiamin and B on physiological attributes of wheat under normal and B-toxicity conditions. Seeds were soaked in SA or thiamin and excess B was applied for 10-day after planting the seedlings. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, B and some elements concentrations, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, other free amino acids, soluble proteins and carbohydrates were measured. Application of SA or thiamin showed an increase in tolerance towards high B as indicated by H2O2, amino acids, soluble proteins and carbohydrates contents. The results support the conclusion that SA and thiamin alleviate B toxicity not at the level of B content but by affecting other elements and osmo-protective metabolite.
Conserving and Gapless Approximations for an Inhomogeneous Bose Gas at Finite Temperatures
Creators: name: Griffin, Allan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive and discuss the equations of motion for the condensate and its fluctuations for a dilute, weakly interacting Bose gas in an external potential within the self--consistent Hartree--Fock--Bogoliubov (HFB) approximation. Account is taken of the depletion of the condensate and the anomalous Bose correlations, which are important at finite temperatures. We give a critical analysis of the self-consistent HFB approximation in terms of the Hohenberg--Martin classification of approximations (conserving vs gapless) and point out that the Popov approximation to the full HFB gives a gapless single-particle spectrum at all temperatures. The Beliaev second-order approximation is discussed as the spectrum generated by functional differentiation of the HFB single--particle Green's function. We emphasize that the problem of determining the excitation spectrum of a Bose-condensed gas (homogeneous or inhomogeneous) is difficult because of the need to satisfy several different constraints.
description: plain tex, 19 pages
MAQSUD SHAYXZODANING "JALOLIDDIN MANGUBERDI" DRAMASINING YOZILISH TARIXI VA VATANGA BO'LGAN MUHABBATI, JASORATINING IFODALANISHI
Creators: name: Mamurova, Feruza
name: Obutjonova, Durdona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maqolada Maqsud Shayxzodaning “Jaloliddin Manguberdi” dramasidagi Jaloliddinning jasorati, vatanga bo‘lgan muhabbati, shijoati, ifodalanishi haqida so‘z yuritilgan.
Forming individual magnetic biskyrmions by merging two skyrmions in a centrosymmetric nanodisk
Creators: name: Göbel, Börge
name: Henk, Jürgen
name: Mertig, Ingrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When two magnetic skyrmions - whirl-like, topologically protected quasiparticles - form a bound pair, a biskyrmion state with a topological charge of $N_\mathrm{Sk}=\pm 2$ is constituted. Recently, especially the case of two partially overlapping skyrmions has brought about great research interest. Since for its formation the individual skyrmions need to posses opposite in-plane magnetizations, such a biskyrmion cannot be stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-interaction (DMI), which is the interaction that typically stabilizes skyrmions in non-centrosymmetric materials and at interfaces. Here, we show that these biskyrmions can be stabilized by the dipole-dipole interaction in centrosymmetric materials in which the DMI is forbidden. Analytical considerations indicate that the bound state of a biskyrmion is energetically preferable over two individual skyrmions. As a result, when starting from two skyrmions in a micromagnetic simulation, a biskyrmion is formed upon relaxation. We propose a scheme that allows to control this biskyrmion formation in nanodisks and analyze the individual steps.
description: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Scientific Reports. The final authenticated version is available online at [DOI]
Estimation of Dimensions Contributing to Detected Anomalies with Variational Autoencoders
Creators: name: Ikeda, Yasuhiro
name: Tajiri, Kengo
name: Nakano, Yuusuke
name: Watanabe, Keishiro
name: Ishibashi, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection using dimensionality reduction has been an essential technique for monitoring multidimensional data. Although deep learning-based methods have been well studied for their remarkable detection performance, their interpretability is still a problem. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for estimating the dimensions contributing to the detected anomalies by using variational autoencoders (VAEs). Our algorithm is based on an approximative probabilistic model that considers the existence of anomalies in the data, and by maximizing the log-likelihood, we estimate which dimensions contribute to determining data as an anomaly. The experiments results with benchmark datasets show that our algorithm extracts the contributing dimensions more accurately than baseline methods.
Electron transfer in the nonadiabatic regime: Crossover from quantum-mechanical to classical behaviour
Creators: name: Lang, G.
name: Paladino, E.
name: Weiss, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nonadiabatic electron transfer within the biased spin-boson model. We calculate the incoherent transfer rate in analytic form at all temperatures for a power law form of the spectral density of the solvent coupling. In the Ohmic case, we present the exact low temperature corrections to the zero temperature rate for arbitrarily large bias energies between the two redox sites. Both for Ohmic and non-Ohmic coupling, we give the rate in the entire regime extending from zero temperature, where the rate depends significantly on the detailed spectral behaviour, via the crossover region, up to the classical regime. For low temperatures, the rate shows characteristic quantum features, in particular the shift of the rate maximum to a bias value below the reorganization energy, and the asymmetry of the rate around the maximum. We study in detail the gradual extinction of the quantum features as temperature is increased.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Chem. Phys
Noncollinearity effects on magnetocrystalline anisotropy for $R_2$Fe$_{14}$B magnets
Creators: name: Miura, Daisuke
name: Sakuma, Akimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical investigation of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MA) in $R_2$Fe$_{14}$B ($R$ is a rare-earth element) magnets in consideration of the non-collinearity effect (NCE) between the $R$ and Fe magnetization directions. In particular, the temperature dependence of the MA of Dy$_2$Fe$_{14}$B magnets is detailed in terms of the $n$th-order MA constant (MAC) $K_n(T)$ at a temperature $T$. The features of this constant are as follows: $K_1(T)$ has a broad plateau in the low-temperature range and $K_2(T)$ persistently survives in the high-temperature range. The present theory explains these features in terms of the NCE on the MA by using numerical calculations for the entire temperature range, and further, by using a high-temperature expansion. The high-temperature expansion for $K_n(T)$ is expressed in the form of $K_n(T)=κ_1(T)\left[1+δ(T)\right][-δ(T)]^{n-1}$, where $κ_1(T)$ is the part without the NCE and $δ(T)$ is a correction factor for the NCE introduced in this study. We also provide a convenient expression to evaluate $K_n(T)$, which can be determined only by a second-order crystalline electric field coefficient and an effective exchange field.
description: 8 figures
Inclusive Production of Charged Hadrons and K_s Mesons in Photon-Photon Collisions
Creators: name: The OPAL Collaboration
name: al, K. Ackerstaff et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of charged hadrons and K_s mesons in the collisions of quasi-real photons has been measured using the OPAL detector at LEP. The data were taken at e+e- centre-of-mass energies of 161 and 172 GeV. The differential cross-sections as a function of the transverse momentum and the pseudorapidity of the charged hadrons and K_s mesons have been compared to the leading order Monte Carlo simulations of PHOJET and PYTHIA and to perturbative next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD calculations. The distributions have been measured in the range 10-125 GeV of the hadronic invariant mass W. By comparing the transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons measured in gamma-gamma interactions with gamma-proton and meson-proton data we find evidence for hard photon interactions in addition to the purely hadronic photon interactions.
description: 24 pages, LaTeX, 10 eps figures included, submitted to European Physics Journal C
title: Activation Experiments for p-Process Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Sonnabend, K.
name: Glorius, J.
name: Görres, J.
name: Knörzer, M.
name: Müller, S.
name: Sauerwein, A.
name: Tan, W. P.
name: Wiescher, M.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: Activation experiments are a perfect tool to perform systematic studies due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. Exemplary applications to understand the nucleosynthesis of the p nuclei – such as the optimization of optical particle-nucleus potentials and investigations of (γ,n) reactions in a broad mass range – are presented. Some recent and partly preliminary results are briefly discussed.
Constraining Type Ia Supernova Asymmetry with the Gamma-Ray Escape Timescale
Creators: name: Levanon, Naveh
name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the effects of an asymmetric $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ distribution in Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) ejecta on the gamma-ray escape timescale ($t_0$) that characterizes the late light curve ($>40$ days after peak) and find the effect is modest compared to other possible variations in ejecta structure. We parameterize asymmetry in the $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ distribution and calculate $t_0$ for a grid of SN ejecta models spanning a large volume of the asymmetry parameter space. The models have spherical density profiles while the $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ distribution in them has various levels of asymmetry. By placing constraints based on the observational measurement of $t_0$ and other general properties of SN Ia ejecta, we find the range of allowed asymmetry in the $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ distribution. Considering these constraints we find that some level of asymmetry in the distribution is not ruled out. However, models with a single ejecta mass and varying $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ distributions cannot explain the full range of observed $t_0$ values. This strengthens the claim that both Chandrasekhar mass and sub-Chandrasekhar mass explosions are required to explain the diversity of SN Ia observations.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
A large scale passive laser gyroscope for Earth rotation sensing
Creators: name: Liu, K.
name: Zhang, F. L.
name: Li, Z. Y.
name: Feng, X. H.
name: Li, K.
name: Lu, Z. H.
name: Schreiber, K. U.
name: Luo, J.
name: Zhang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earth rotation sensing has many applications in different disciplines, such as for the monitoring of ground motions, the establishment of UT1 and the test of the relativistic Lense-Thirring effect on the ground. We report the development of a 1 m*1 m heterolithic passive resonant gyroscope (PRG). By locking a pair of laser beams to adjacent modes of the square ring cavity in the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions, we achieve a rotation resolution of about 2E-9 rad/s at an integration time of 1000 s. The sensitivity of the PRG for rotations reaches a level of 2E-9 rad/s/rtHz in the 5-100~Hz region, currently limited by the detection noise, residual amplitude modulation and the mechanical instability of the cavity. Our initial results improve the reported rotation sensitivity of the PRGs and indicate that PRGs have a great potential for high-resolution Earth rotation sensing.
Unleashing the Potential of Human Microbiomes Research: A Factsheet for Industry Stakeholders
Creators: name: European Food Information Council
name: National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment
name: Pharmabiotic Research Institute (PRI)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Human Microbiome
Public Health
Industry

description: Welcome to the world of human microbiomes – a field that is maturing and showing great promise for various sectors. As research in this area progresses, it is essential for industries to consider the potential source of innovation and impact on their products and services. In this factsheet, we will explore why the Human Microbiome Action project is a unique opportunity for industry stakeholders to stay ahead of the curve and tap into the knowledge and opportunities of human microbiomes that will add value to existing solutions and new innovations.
Marginal Anisotropy in Layered Aperiodic Ising Systems
Creators: name: Berche, P. E.
name: Berche, B.
name: Turban, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional layered aperiodic Ising systems are studied in the extreme anisotropic limit where they correspond to quantum Ising chains in a transverse field. The modulation of the couplings follows an aperiodic sequence generated through substitution. According to Luck's criterion, such a perturbation becomes marginal when the wandering exponent of the sequence vanishes. Three marginal sequences are considered: the period-doubling, paper-folding and three-folding sequences. They correspond to bulk perturbations for which the critical temperature is shifted. The surface magnetization is obtained exactly for the three sequences. The scaling dimensions of the local magnetization on both surfaces vary continuously with the modulation factor. The low-energy excitations of the quantum chains are found to scale as L^z with the size L of the system. This is the behaviour expected for a strongly anisotropic system, where z is the ratio of the exponents of the correlation lengths in the two directions. The anisotropy exponent z is equal to the sum of the scaling dimensions of the local magnetization on the two surfaces. The anisotropic scaling behaviour is verified numerically for other surface and bulk critical properties as well.
description: 20 pages, LaTeX, epsf, jphys.sty which is joined, 9 postscript figures, minor corrections
Driving-Induced Symmetry Breaking in the Spin-Boson System
Creators: name: Adam, Holger
name: Winterstetter, Manfred
name: Grifoni, Milena
name: Weiss, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A symmetric dissipative two-state system is asymptotically completely delocalized independent of the initial state. We show that driving-induced localization at long times can take place when both the bias and tunneling coupling energy are harmonically modulated. Dynamical symmetry breaking on average occurs when the driving frequencies are odd multiples of some reference frequency. This effect is universal, as it is independent of the dissipative mechanism. Possible candidates for an experimental observation are flux tunneling in the variable barrier rf SQUID and magnetization tunneling in magnetic molecular clusters.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in PRL
The effect of polymorphism on the structural, dynamic and dielectric properties of plastic crystal water: A molecular dynamics simulation perspective
Creators: name: Skarmoutsos, Ioannis
name: Mossa, Stefano
name: Guardia, Elvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have employed molecular dynamics simulations based on the TIP4P/2005 water model to investigate the local structural, dynamical, and dielectric properties of the two recently reported body-centered-cubic and face-centered-cubic plastic crystal phases of water. Our results reveal significant differences in the local orientational structure and rotational dynamics of water molecules for the two polymorphs. The probability distributions of trigonal and tetrahedral order parameters exhibit a multi-modal structure, implying the existence of significant local orientational heterogeneities, particularly in the face-centered-cubic phase. The calculated hydrogen bond statistics and dynamics provide further indications of the existence of a strongly heterogeneous and rapidly interconverting local orientational structural network in both polymorphs. We have observed a hindered molecular rotation, much more pronounced in the body-centered-cubic phase, which is reflected by the decay of the fourth-order Legendre reorientational correlation functions and angular Van Hove functions. Molecular rotation, however, is additionally hindered in the high-pressure liquid compared to the plastic crystal phase. The results obtained also reveal significant differences in the dielectric properties of the polymorphs due to the different dipolar orientational correlation characterizing each phase.
Quantum-Information Processing with Semiconductor Macroatoms
Creators: name: Biolatti, Eliana
name: Iotti, Rita C.
name: Zanardi, Paolo
name: Rossi, Fausto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An all optical implementation of quantum information processing with semiconductor macroatoms is proposed. Our quantum hardware consists of an array of semiconductor quantum dots and the computational degrees of freedom are energy-selected interband optical transitions. The proposed quantum-computing strategy exploits exciton-exciton interactions driven by ultrafast sequences of multi-color laser pulses. Contrary to existing proposals based on charge excitations, the present all-optical implementation does not require the application of time-dependent electric fields, thus allowing for a sub-picosecond, i.e. decoherence-free, operation time-scale in realistic state-of-the-art semiconductor nanostructures.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett., significant changes in the text and new simulations (figure 3)
title: Infant and child mortality rates for Indigenous Australians using linked and unlinked data: Linked Perinatal, Birth, Death Data set
Creators: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Publisher: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Year: 2021

description: A Linked Perinatal, Birth Death Data set was created by linking jurisdictional perinatal and birth registration records to the National Death Index to identify Indigenous under-5 deaths occurring in specified birth cohorts within jurisdictional Perinatal Data Collections. This report examines the feasibility of using this linked data collection for analysis and explores the associated methodology, data quality issues and analysis of risk factors associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Search for Squarks and Gluinos in Single-Photon Events with Jets and Large Missing Transverse Energy in ppbar Collisions at SQRT(S)=1.8 TeV
Creators: name: Abbott, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for physics beyond the standard model using events with a photon, two or more hadronic jets, and an apparent imbalance in transverse energy, in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron at $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV. Such events are predicted for production of supersymmetric particles. No excess is observed beyond expected background. For the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with branching fraction $B(\tildeχ^0_2 \to γ\tildeχ^0_1) = 1$ and $m_{\tildeχ^0_2}-m_{\tildeχ^0_1}>20$ GeV, we obtain a 95% confidence level lower limit of 310 GeV for the masses of squarks and gluinos, where their masses are assumed equal.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters, fixed one reference
Measurement of the $t\bar{t}Z$ and $t\bar{t}W$ cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the associated production of a top-quark pair ($t\bar{t}$) with a vector boson ($W$, $Z$) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented, using $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in channels with two same- or opposite-sign leptons (electrons or muons), three leptons or four leptons, and each channel is further divided into multiple regions to maximize the sensitivity of the measurement. The $t\bar{t}Z$ and $t\bar{t}W$ production cross sections are simultaneously measured using a combined fit to all regions. The best-fit values of the production cross sections are $σ_{t\bar{t}Z} = 0.95 \pm 0.08_{\mathrm{stat.}} \pm 0.10_{\mathrm{syst.}}$ pb and $σ_{t\bar{t}W} = 0.87 \pm 0.13_{\mathrm{stat.}} \pm 0.14_{\mathrm{syst.}}$ pb in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. The measurement of the $t\bar{t}Z$ cross section is used to set constraints on effective field theory operators which modify the $t\bar{t}Z$ vertex.
description: 56 pages in total, author list starting page 40, 14 figures, 11 tables, published in Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 072009. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2016-11
ИММУННЫЙ СТАТУС БОЛЬНЫХ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ВИРУСНЫМ ГЕПАТИТОМ
Creators: name: Артикова, Максад
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Проблема хронических вирусных гепатитов (ХВГ) остается актуальной в связи с высокой распространенностью и смертностью во всем мире. В формировании хронического вирусного гепатита B и C большая роль принадлежит иммуноопосредованным механизмам [1,2].
Models of Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Randall, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a class of models of dynamical supersymmetry breaking, and give a unified description of these models.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX, sprocl.sty
Exogenous Factors in the Development of Flexible Fuel Cars as a Local Dominant Technology
Creators: name: Lima, Nilton
name: Nigro, Francisco
name: Tromboni, Paulo
name: Yu, Abraham
name: Robson Quinello
name: Russo, Rosária De Fátima S. Macri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 100299 Environmental Biotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Environmental biotechnology
subject: 100204 Environmental Biotechnology Diagnostics (incl. Biosensors)
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150501 Consumer-Oriented Product or Service Development
subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management
subject: 150313 Quality Management
subject: 150702 Rail Transportation and Freight Services
subject: 150703 Road Transportation and Freight Services

description: Com a tecnologia de combustível flexível, os clientes podem escolher gasolina, etanol ou qualquer mistura na bomba da estação de combustível. este papel apresenta os fatores endógenos e exógenos que influenciam o desenvolvimento de uma força elétrica de combustível Sistema da Magneti Marelli Sistemas Automotivos Brasil - o primeiro no ercado. Esta arquitetura baseada em software, lançadacomercialmente em 2003, é agora o projeto dominante de flexfuel no mercado brasileiro. Este artigo documenta o surgimento de uma tecnologia dominante local (design) em um subsistema de carro específico. Está exposto a fatores institucionais exógenos o papel principal este processo. O artigo também mostra o design tecnológico local dominante recém através do fazer A função de destaque é a interação entre os principais atores do mercado, ausência de um forte regime de apropriabilidade. Todos os principais pioneiros do mercado foram multinacionais, convidando a uma pergunta sobre a difusão de tecnologias paraBrasil.
Long-range scattering theory for discrete Schrödinger operators on graphene
Creators: name: Tadano, Yukihide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A40, 47B39, 81U05

description: We consider a long-range scattering theory for discrete Schrödinger operators on the hexagonal lattice, which describe tight-binding Hamiltonians on the graphene sheet. We construct Isozaki-Kitada modifiers for a pair of the difference Laplacian on the hexagonal lattice and perturbed operators with long-range potentials. We prove that these modified wave operators exist and that they are asymptotically complete.
description: 14 pages, no figures
Bosonization and the eikonal expansion: similarities and differences
Creators: name: Kopietz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare two non-perturbative techniques for calculating the single-particle Green's function of interacting Fermi systems with dominant forward scattering: our recently developed functional integral approach to bosonization in arbitrary dimensions, and the eikonal expansion. In both methods the Green's function is first calculated for a fixed configuration of a background field, and then averaged with respect to a suitably defined effective action. We show that, after linearization of the energy dispersion at the Fermi surface, both methods yield for Fermi liquids exactly the same non-perturbative expression for the quasi-particle residue. However, in the case of non-Fermi liquid behavior the low-energy behavior of the Green's function predicted by the eikonal method can be erroneous. In particular, for the Tomonaga-Luttinger model the eikonal method neither reproduces the correct scaling behavior of the spectral function, nor predicts the correct location of its singularities.
description: Revtex, one figure
Euclid Preparation IV. Impact of undetected galaxies on weak-lensing shear measurements
Creators: name: Euclid Collaboration
name: Martinet, N.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Hoekstra, H.
name: Tewes, M.
name: Herbonnet, R.
name: Schneider, P.
name: Hernandez-Martin, B.
name: Taylor, A. N.
name: Brinchmann, J.
name: Carvalho, C. S.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Congedo, G.
name: Gillis, B. R.
name: Jullo, E.
name: Kümmel, M.
name: Ligori, S.
name: Lilje, P. B.
name: Padilla, C.
name: Paris, D.
name: Peacock, J. A.
name: Pilo, S.
name: Pujol, A.
name: Scott, D.
name: Toledo-Moreo, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In modern weak-lensing surveys, the common approach to correct for residual systematic biases in the shear is to calibrate shape measurement algorithms using simulations. These simulations must fully capture the complexity of the observations to avoid introducing any additional bias. In this paper we study the importance of faint galaxies below the observational detection limit of a survey. We simulate simplified Euclid VIS images including and excluding this faint population, and measure the shift in the multiplicative shear bias between the two sets of simulations. We measure the shear with three different algorithms: a moment-based approach, model fitting, and machine learning. We find that for all methods, a spatially uniform random distribution of faint galaxies introduces a shear multiplicative bias of the order of a few times $10^{-3}$. This value increases to the order of $10^{-2}$ when including the clustering of the faint galaxies, as measured in the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field. The magnification of the faint background galaxies due to the brighter galaxies along the line of sight is found to have a negligible impact on the multiplicative bias. We conclude that the undetected galaxies must be included in the calibration simulations with proper clustering properties down to magnitude 28 in order to reach a residual uncertainty on the multiplicative shear bias calibration of a few times $10^{-4}$, in line with the $2\times10^{-3}$ total accuracy budget required by the scientific objectives of the Euclid survey. We propose two complementary methods for including faint galaxy clustering in the calibration simulations.
description: Version published in A&A
title: Income support receipt for young people transitioning from out-of-home care
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Publisher: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FOS: Health sciences
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Children who are, or have been, in out-of-home care (OOHC) face greater vulnerability across several dimensions of their wellbeing, particularly after they leave care, as they adjust to independent living. This national report aims to build the evidence-base on transition outcomes for care leavers by linking Australian Government (Centrelink) and state and territory (OOHC) administrative data to examine income support and other payment characteristics (receipt, duration and payment pathways) by these young people.
Elastic constants from microscopic strain fluctuations
Creators: name: Sengupta, Surajit
name: Nielaba, Peter
name: Rao, Madan
name: Binder, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuations of the instantaneous local Lagrangian strain $ε_{ij}(\bf{r},t)$, measured with respect to a static ``reference'' lattice, are used to obtain accurate estimates of the elastic constants of model solids from atomistic computer simulations. The measured strains are systematically coarse- grained by averaging them within subsystems (of size $L_b$) of a system (of total size $L$) in the canonical ensemble. Using a simple finite size scaling theory we predict the behaviour of the fluctuations $$ as a function of $L_b/L$ and extract elastic constants of the system {\em in the thermodynamic limit} at nonzero temperature. Our method is simple to implement, efficient and general enough to be able to handle a wide class of model systems including those with singular potentials without any essential modification. We illustrate the technique by computing isothermal elastic constants of the ``soft'' and the hard disk triangular solids in two dimensions from molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. We compare our results with those from earlier simulations and density functional theory.
description: 24 pages REVTEX, 10 .ps figures, version accepted for publication in Physical Review E
The Effect of the Earth Matter on Three Neutrino Oscillations and Sensitivity to CP Phase Parameter
Creators: name: Shafaq, Bushra
name: Akram, Faisal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find an analytical expression of neutrino evolution operator in the Earth matter using perturbative approach in the context of three neutrino oscillations. We find that our analytical expression is highly accurate by comparing its results with the numerical solutions of neutrino evolution equation at energy scales relevant for solar, reactor, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos. Using our analytical approach we study the accuracy of hypothesis of treating the Earth density piecewise constant. We also study how the Earth matter effect can change the sensitivity to CP phase parameter $δ_{CP}$. Through nadir angle averaged conversion probabilities of neutrino and anti-neutrino, we find that the sensitivity to $δ_{CP}$ is maximum in the energy range 0.2 to 1 GeV and through energy averaged conversion probabilities, we find that the sensitivity is maximum about nadir angle $72.5^{\text{o}}$ for neutrinos oscillating in the Earth matter.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures