cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tidal Heating Models for the Radii of the Inflated Transiting Giant Planets WASP-4b, WASP-6b, WASP-12b, and TrES-4
Creators: name: Ibgui, Laurent
name: Burrows, Adam
name: Spiegel, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to explain the inflated radii of some transiting extrasolar giant planets, we investigate a tidal heating scenario for the inflated planets WASP-4b, WASP-6b, WASP-12b, WASP-15b, and TrES-4. To do so, we assume that they retain a nonzero eccentricity, possibly by dint of continuing interaction with a third body. We calculate the amount of extra heating in the envelope that is then required to fit the radius of each planet, and we explore how this additional power depends on the planetary atmospheric opacity and on the mass of a heavy-element central core. There is a degeneracy between the core mass $M_{\rm core}$ and the heating $\dot{E}_{\rm heating}$. Therefore, in the case of tidal heating, there is for each planet a range of the couple $\{M_{\rm core},e^2/Q'_p\}$ that can lead to the same radius, where $Q'_p$ is the tidal dissipation factor and $e$ is the eccentricity. With this in mind, we also investigate the case of the non-inflated planet HAT-P-12b, which can admit solutions combining a heavy-element core and tidal heating. A substantial improvement of the measured eccentricities of such planetary systems could simplify this degeneracy by linking the two unknown parameters $\{M_{\rm core},Q'_p\}$. Further independent constraints on either of these parameters would, through our calculations, constrain the other.
description: Accepted in ApJ; 17 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables (emulateapj format); expanded explanatory text
LeafMask: Towards Greater Accuracy on Leaf Segmentation
Creators: name: Guo, Ruohao
name: Qu, Liao
name: Niu, Dantong
name: Li, Zhenbo
name: Yue, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Leaf segmentation is the most direct and effective way for high-throughput plant phenotype data analysis and quantitative researches of complex traits. Currently, the primary goal of plant phenotyping is to raise the accuracy of the autonomous phenotypic measurement. In this work, we present the LeafMask neural network, a new end-to-end model to delineate each leaf region and count the number of leaves, with two main components: 1) the mask assembly module merging position-sensitive bases of each predicted box after non-maximum suppression (NMS) and corresponding coefficients to generate original masks; 2) the mask refining module elaborating leaf boundaries from the mask assembly module by the point selection strategy and predictor. In addition, we also design a novel and flexible multi-scale attention module for the dual attention-guided mask (DAG-Mask) branch to effectively enhance information expression and produce more accurate bases. Our main contribution is to generate the final improved masks by combining the mask assembly module with the mask refining module under the anchor-free instance segmentation paradigm. We validate our LeafMask through extensive experiments on Leaf Segmentation Challenge (LSC) dataset. Our proposed model achieves the 90.09% BestDice score outperforming other state-of-the-art approaches.
Impact of Galactic dust non-Gaussianity on searches for B-modes from inflation
Creators: name: Abril-Cabezas, Irene
name: Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos
name: von Hausegger, Sebastian
name: Sherwin, Blake D.
name: Alonso, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A key challenge in the search for primordial B-modes is the presence of polarized Galactic foregrounds, especially thermal dust emission. Power-spectrum-based analysis methods generally assume the foregrounds to be Gaussian random fields when constructing a likelihood and computing the covariance matrix. In this paper, we investigate how non-Gaussianity in the dust field instead affects CMB and foreground parameter inference in the context of inflationary B-mode searches, capturing this effect via modifications to the dust power-spectrum covariance matrix. For upcoming experiments such as the Simons Observatory, we find no dependence of the tensor-to-scalar ratio uncertainty $σ(r)$ on the degree of dust non-Gaussianity or the nature of the dust covariance matrix. We provide an explanation of this result, noting that when frequency decorrelation is negligible, dust in mid-frequency channels is cleaned using high-frequency data in a way that is independent of the spatial statistics of dust. We show that our results hold also for non-zero levels of frequency decorrelation that are compatible with existing data. We find, however, that neglecting the impact of dust non-Gaussianity in the covariance matrix can lead to inaccuracies in goodness-of-fit metrics. Care must thus be taken when using such metrics to test B-mode spectra and models, although we show that any such problems can be mitigated by using only cleaned spectrum combinations when computing goodness-of-fit statistics.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted version
Estimating the accuracy of geographical imputation
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Breast Neoplasms
subject: Colorectal Neoplasms
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Female
subject: Geographic Information Systems
subject: Geography
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: New Jersey
subject: Population Density
subject: Prostatic Neoplasms
subject: Registries
subject: Socioeconomic Factors
subject: Topography, Medical

description: Background: To reduce the number of non-geocoded cases researchers and organizations sometimes include cases geocoded to postal code centroids along with cases geocoded with the greater precision of a full street address. Some analysts then use the postal code to assign information to the cases from finer-level geographies such as a census tract. Assignment is commonly completed using either a postal centroid or by a geographical imputation method which assigns a location by using both the demographic characteristics of the case and the population characteristics of the postal delivery area. To date no systematic evaluation of geographical imputation methods ("geo-imputation") has been completed. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of census tract assignment using geo-imputation. Methods: Using a large dataset of breast, prostate and colorectal cancer cases reported to the New Jersey Cancer Registry, we determined how often cases were assigned to the correct census tract using alternate strategies of demographic based geo-imputation, and using assignments obtained from postal code centroids. Assignment accuracy was measured by comparing the tract assigned with the tract originally identified from the full street address. Results: Assigning cases to census tracts using the race/ethnicity population distribution within a postal code resulted in more correctly assigned cases than when using postal code centroids. The addition of age characteristics increased the match rates even further. Match rates were highly dependent on both the geographic distribution of race/ ethnicity groups and population density. Conclusion: Geo-imputation appears to offer some advantages and no serious drawbacks as compared with the alternative of assigning cases to census tracts based on postal code centroids. For a specific analysis, researchers will still need to consider the potential impact of geocoding quality on their results and evaluate the possibility that it might introduce geographical bias. © 2008 Henry and Boscoe; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Beyond Traditional Teaching: The Potential of Large Language Models and Chatbots in Graduate Engineering Education
Creators: name: Abedi, Mahyar
name: Alshybani, Ibrahem
name: Shahadat, Muhammad Rubayat Bin
name: Murillo, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, digital technologies have repeatedly disrupted traditional pedagogical methods. This paper explores the latest of these disruptions: the potential integration of large language models (LLMs) and chatbots into graduate engineering education. We begin by tracing historical and technological disruptions to provide context and then introduce key terms such as machine learning and deep learning and the underlying mechanisms of recent advancements, namely attention/transformer models and graphics processing units. The heart of our investigation lies in the application of an LLM-based chatbot in a graduate fluid mechanics course. We developed a question bank from the course material and assessed the chatbot's ability to provide accurate, insightful responses. The results are encouraging, demonstrating not only the bot's ability to effectively answer complex questions but also the potential advantages of chatbot usage in the classroom, such as the promotion of self-paced learning, the provision of instantaneous feedback, and the reduction of instructors' workload. The study also examines the transformative effect of intelligent prompting on enhancing the chatbot's performance. Furthermore, we demonstrate how powerful plugins like Wolfram Alpha for mathematical problem-solving and code interpretation can significantly extend the chatbot's capabilities, transforming it into a comprehensive educational tool. While acknowledging the challenges and ethical implications surrounding the use of such AI models in education, we advocate for a balanced approach. The use of LLMs and chatbots in graduate education can be greatly beneficial but requires ongoing evaluation and adaptation to ensure ethical and efficient use.
description: 45 pages, 18 figures, preprint for PLOS ONE
title: A Study of Data Processing Employment Opportunities for High School Graduates in the Ogden Area with Implications for Secondary Business Education
Creators: name: Stauffer, Val C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: LaSalle found that while automation is increasing at an even accelerating pace, little emphasis is apparent in high school curriculums on the significance of automated processes for prospective office workers. He further stated that business education departments should study local situations and prepare students to qualify for available data processing employment.
The need for data processing training in the Ogden area is evident in the frequent requests by local employers for people trained in data processing.
Origin of Charge Density Wave in Layered Kagome Metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$
Creators: name: Wang, Chongze
name: Liu, Shuyuan
name: Jeon, Hyunsoo
name: Cho, Jun-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles calculations, we identify the origin of the observed charge density wave (CDW) formation in a layered kagome metal CsV$_3$Sb$_5$. It is revealed that the structural distortion of kagome lattice forming the trimeric and hexameric V atoms is accompanied by the stabilization of quasimolecular states, which gives rise to the opening of CDW gaps for the V-derived multibands lying around the Fermi level. This Jahn-Teller-like instability having the local lattice distortion and its derived quasimolecular states is a driving force of the CDW order. Specifically, the saddle points of multiple Dirac bands near the Fermi level, located at the $M$ point, are hybridized to disappear along the $k_z$ direction, therefore not supporting the widely accepted Peierls-like electronic instability due to Fermi surface nesting. It is further demonstrated that applied hydrostatic pressure significantly reduces the interlayer spacing to destabilize the quasimolecular states, leading to a disappearance of the CDW phase at a pressure of ${\sim}$2 GPa. The presently proposed underlying mechanism of the CDW order in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ can also be applicable to other isostructural kagome lattices such as KV$_3$Sb$_5$ and RbV$_3$Sb$_5$.
The Intersectionality of the "Other" : Dorris Lessing's "An Old Woman and Her Cat"
Creators: name: Ter-Sahakyan, Ani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Doris Lessing’s An Old Woman and Her Cat explores the intersectionality of marginalization through the lens of abjection and commodity fetishism. This paper examines the protagonist, Hetty, a Romani woman whose alienation is shaped by her ethnicity, financial instability, and refusal to conform to societal expectations. Drawing on Julia Kristeva’s theory of abjection and Marxist notions of commodity fetishism, this analysis highlights how Hetty’s value as a person is dictated by capitalist structures and how her internalized shame manifests in her relationship with her cat, Tibby. By unpacking the external and internal dimensions of Hetty’s exclusion, this study reveals the systemic nature of oppression and the inescapable cycle of alienation faced by those deemed the “Other.”
Experimental verification of the work fluctuation-dissipation relation for information-to-work conversion
Creators: name: Barker, David
name: Scandi, Matteo
name: Lehmann, Sebastian
name: Thelander, Claes
name: Dick, Kimberly A.
name: Perarnau-Llobet, Martí
name: Maisi, Ville F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally work fluctuations in a Szilard engine that extracts work from information encoded as the occupancy of an electron level in a semiconductor quantum dot. We show that as the average work extracted per bit of information increases towards the Landauer limit $k_BT \ln 2$, the work fluctuations decrease in accordance with the work fluctuation-dissipation relation. We compare the results to a protocol without measurement and feedback and show that when no information is used, the work output and fluctuations vanish simultaneously contrasting the information-to-energy conversion case where increasing amount of work is produced with decreasing fluctuations. Our work highlights the importance of fluctuations in the design of information-to-work conversion processes.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, appendix
Disc wind or disc line? The extraordinary Fe-K feature of Mrk 1513
Creators: name: Middei, R.
name: Nardini, E.
name: Matzeu, G. A.
name: Bianchi, S.
name: Braito, V.
name: Perri, M.
name: Puccetti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the origin of a very unusual spectral structure observed in the Fe-K band of the Seyfert galaxy Mrk 1513, a local ($z$=0.063) active galactic nucleus (AGN) that is efficiently accreting matter onto its central supermassive black hole ($L_{\rm bol}/L_{\rm Edd}\sim$0.5). We consider the highest quality X-ray observation of this source available to date, performed in 2003 by XMM-Newton. The hard X-ray spectrum is characterised by a remarkable spectral drop at $\sim$7 keV, which can be interpreted as either the onset of a broad absorption trough or the blue wing of a relativistic emission line. Overall, this complex feature is significant at >5$σ$, and it is qualitatively reminiscent of a P-Cygni profile. A serendipitous spectrum of lower quality taken by XMM-Newton in 2015 qualitatively confirms the presence of similar Fe-K structures. Although it is not possible to distinguish between the two physical scenarios on sheer statistical grounds with the current data, several considerations lend weight to the possibility that Mrk 1513 is actually hosting a persistent outflow at accretion-disc scales, thus adding to the handful of known AGN in which a wide-angle X-ray wind has been identified so far.
description: Accepted for pubblication in A&A, 7 pages, 6 figures
Getting started in probabilistic graphical models
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Algorithms
Computer Graphics
Computer Simulation
Data Interpretation, Statistical
Models, Biological
Models, Statistical

description: Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) have become a popular tool for computational analysis of biological data in a variety of domains. But, what exactly are they and how do they work? How can we use PGMs to discover patterns that are biologically relevant? And to what extent can PGMs help us formulate new hypotheses that are testable at the bench? This Message sketches out some answers and illustrates the main ideas behind the statistical approach to biological pattern discovery. © 2007 Edoardo M. Airoldi.
Mesoleptus laevigatus
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Mesoleptus
Mesoleptus laevigatus

description: Mesoleptus laevigatus (GRAVENHORST, 1820)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap7: 1♀ 19.x.-3.xi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Transpalaearctic, known from Azerbaijan (ABDINBEKOVA 1963, JONAITIS & ALIEV 1983 a, ALIEV 1988), new record for Georgia.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10415120
Geochemical dispersion over massive sulphides within the zone of continuous permafrost, Bathurst Norsemines, District of Mackenzie, N.W.T.
Creators: name: Miller, John Kevin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A geochemical survey was undertaken in the vicinity of massive sulphides at Anne-Cleaver and Camp Lakes to assess secondary geochemical dispersion within the zone of continuous permafrost. Samples were collected at several depths within the active layer together with snow-melt runoff, seepage, pit and lake waters and sediments. For each element (Ag, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) geochemical patterns are similar in all three soil layers (L-F-H 0 to 14 and 14 to 25 inch depths); therefore, sample depth does not appear to be critical. Ag, Fe and Pb display similar, well developed patterns and, except for Fe, possess high geochemical contrast. Conversely, Cd, Cu and Zn patterns are poorly developed and have low contrast, particularly in mineral soil. In areas of low pH, high levels of Ag, Fe and Pb can be found while Cu and Zn values are low and often form negative anomalies. High Zn levels are usually confined to areas of relatively high pH. Relative to total patterns, partial extraction (0.05M EDTA and 1.0M HCl) patterns provide little additional information; however, low partial to total ratio patterns are well developed, which suggests clastic dispersion. Because Pb is immobile, it can be used as a model for glacial dispersion of sulphides. Dispersion of Pb is in narrow thin zones of sulphide-rich till which rise at low (<2°) angles 1000 to 2000 feet down ice from the source. Anomalous metal concentrations and gossan are detectable in excess of 4000 feet down ice. Cu and Zn, although dispersed initially the same as Pb, have subsequently been subjected to extensive hydromorphic dispersion as a result of intensive oxidation and leaching in the acidic, water-rich soils of the active layer. Consequently, high levels of Cu and, in particular, Zn with high geochemical contrast are found in the surrounding waters and sediments. Relative to Cu and Zn, Pb is much more restricted and less concentrated in sediments and waters. This is because Cu and Zn enter the lake largely as dissolved species while Pb enters as a sorbed constituent on clay-sized particulate matter. High Cu-Pb-Zn levels in sediments and waters are restricted to lakes lying down drainage from mineralization and/or down ice in areas of metal-rich till. Within individual lakes, sediments display erratic metal levels with fluctuations often ≥10x. Conversely, lake waters are homogeneous but possess more limited dispersion halos relative to center-lake sediments. Pb is more likely than Cu and Zn to locate mineralization in all sample media; however, in waters, Cu and Zn are more easily detected and offer a much larger target than Pb. The effects of permafrost on geochemical dispersion are minimal. Hydromorphic and clastic dispersion patterns are well developed, perhaps better developed than in temperate climates. Significant inhibiting or complicating factors, with regard to geochemical dispersion are not present.
Candidate quantum disordered intermediate phase in the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the maple-leaf lattice
Creators: name: Gresista, Lasse
name: Hickey, Ciarán
name: Trebst, Simon
name: Iqbal, Yasir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum antiferromagnets on geometrically frustrated lattices have long attracted interest for the formation of quantum disordered states and the possible emergence of quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground states. Here we turn to the nearest-neighbor spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the maple-leaf lattice, which is known to relieve frustration by the formation of canted $120^{\circ}$ magnetic order or valence bond crystal order when varying the bond anisotropy. Employing a pseudo-fermion functional renormalization group approach to assess its ground state phase diagram in detail, we present evidence for a QSL regime sandwiched between these two limiting phases. The formation of such a QSL might signal proximity to a possible deconfined quantum critical point from which it emerges, and that is potentially accessible by tuning the exchange couplings. Our conclusions are based on large-scale simulations involving a careful finite-size scaling analysis of the behavior of magnetic susceptibility and spin-spin correlation functions under renormalization group flow.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Coronal Diagnostics of Solar Type-III Radio Bursts Using LOFAR and PSP Observations
Creators: name: Nedal, Mohamed
name: Kozarev, Kamen
name: Zhang, Peijin
name: Zucca, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study aims to investigate the ambiguous source and the underlying physical processes of the solar type III radio bursts that occurred on April 3, 2019, through the utilization of multiwavelength observations from the LOFAR radio telescope and the PSP space mission, as well as incorporating results from a PFSS and MHD models. The primary goal is to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of the radio sources, as well as the plasma conditions along their trajectory. Data preprocessing techniques are applied to combine high- and low-frequency observations from LOFAR and PSP between 2.6 kHz and 80 MHz. We then extract information on the frequency drift and speed of the accelerated electron beams from the dynamic spectra. Additionally, we use LOFAR interferometric observations to image the sources of the radio emission at multiple frequencies and determine their locations and kinematics in the corona. Lastly, we analyze the plasma parameters and magnetic field along the trajectories of the radio sources using PFSS and MHD model results. We present several notable findings related to type III radio bursts. Firstly, through our automated implementation, we were able to effectively identify and characterize 9 type III radio bursts in the LOFAR-PSP combined dynamic spectrum and 16 type III bursts in the LOFAR dynamic spectrum. Secondly, our imaging observations show that the electrons responsible for these bursts originate from the same source and within a short time frame of fewer than 30 minutes. Finally, our analysis provides informative insights into the physical conditions along the path of the electron beams. For instance, we found that the plasma density obtained from the MAS model is significantly lower than the expected theoretical density.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
title: The Capability of the Utah State University Drainage Farm as an Irrigation and Drainage Demonstration Project
Creators: name: Perez, Mario
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: There are in Cache County 20,000 acres of poorly drained land similar in many respects to the other wet lands of Utah, estimated to total a half million acres, which are mostly natural meadows. In order to turn those lands more productive either for forage or other crops, adequate management practices must be developed regarding control of the surface water, leaching, reduction of artesian pressure, and improved water application techniques.
Studies carried out at the Utah State University Drainage Farm, west of Logan, Utah, which is representative of those poorly drained lands, have already shown successful ways for these areas to be improved.
SUNRISE: The rich molecular inventory of high-redshift dusty galaxies revealed by broadband spectral line surveys
Creators: name: Yang, Chentao
name: Omont, Alain
name: Martín, Sergio
name: Bisbas, Thomas G.
name: Cox, Pierre
name: Beelen, Alexandre
name: González-Alfonso, Eduardo
name: Gavazzi, Raphaël
name: Aalto, Susanne
name: Andreani, Paola
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Gao, Yu
name: Gorski, Mark
name: Guélin, Michel
name: Fu, Hai
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Knudsen, Kirsten K.
name: Lehnert, Matthew
name: Messias, Hugo
name: Muller, Sebastien
name: Neri, Roberto
name: Riechers, Dominik
name: van der Werf, Paul
name: Zhang, Zhi-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the nature of high-$z$ dusty galaxies requires a comprehensive view of their ISM and molecular complexity. However, the molecular ISM at high-$z$ is commonly studied using only a few species beyond CO, limiting our understanding. In this paper, we present the results of deep 3 mm spectral line surveys using the NOEMA targeting two lensed dusty galaxies: APM 08279+5255 (APM), a quasar at redshift $z=3.911$, and NCv1.143 (NC), a $z=3.565$ starburst galaxy. The spectral line surveys cover rest-frame frequencies from about 330-550 GHz. We report the detection of 38 and 25 emission lines in APM and NC, respectively. The spectra reveal the chemical richness and the complexity of the physical properties of the ISM. By comparing the spectra of the two sources and combining the gas excitation analysis, we find that the physical properties and the chemical imprints of the ISM are different between them: the molecular gas is more excited in APM, exhibiting higher molecular-gas temperatures and densities compared to NC; the chemical abundances in APM are akin to the values of local AGN, showing boosted relative abundances of the dense gas tracers that might be related to high-temperature chemistry and/or XDRs, while NC more closely resembles local starburst galaxies. The most significant differences are found in H2O, where the 448GHz H2O line is significantly brighter in APM, likely linked to the intense far-infrared radiation from the dust powered by AGN. Our astrochemical model suggests that at such high column densities, FUV radiation is less important in regulating the ISM, while CRs (X-rays/shocks) are the key players in shaping the abundance of the molecules and the initial conditions of star formation. Such deep spectral line surveys open a new window to study the physical and chemical properties of the ISM and the radiation field of galaxies in the early Universe. (abridged)
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 39 pages (including 9 pages of Appendix). Updated after language editing
Competing phases and intertwined orders in coupled wires near the self-dual point
Creators: name: Ma, Ken K. W.
name: Türker, Oğuz
name: Seidel, Alexander
name: Yang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between different quantum phases plays an important role in strongly correlated systems, such as high-$T_c$ cuprates, quantum spin systems, and ultracold atoms. In particular, the application of effective field theory model and renormalization group analysis suggested that the coexistence of density wave (DW) and superfluid (SF) orders can lead to a supersolid phase of ultracold bosons. Here we revisit the problem by considering weakly coupled wires, where we treat the intra-wire interactions exactly via bosonization and inter-wire couplings using a mean-field theory which becomes asymptotically exact in the limit of high dimensionality. We obtain and solve the mean-field equations for the system near the self-dual point, where each wire has the Luttinger parameter $K=1$ and the inter-wire DW and SF coupling strengths are identical. This allows us to find explicit solutions for the possible supersolid order. An energy comparison between different possible solutions shows that the supersolid order is energetically unfavorable at zero temperature. This suggests that the density wave and superfluid phases are connected by a first order transition near the self-dual point. We also discuss the relation between our work and the intertwining of charge density wave and superconducting orders in cuprates.
description: Accepted version by PRB. A new appendix is added
Combining the D3 dispersion correction with the neuroevolution machine-learned potential
Creators: name: Ying, Penghua
name: Fan, Zheyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine-learned potentials (MLPs) have become a popular approach of modelling interatomic interactions in atomistic simulations, but to keep the computational cost under control, a relatively short cutoff must be imposed, which put serious restrictions on the capability of the MLPs for modelling relatively long-ranged dispersion interactions. In this paper, we propose to combine the neuroevolution potential (NEP) with the popular D3 correction to achieve a unified NEP-D3 model that can simultaneously model relatively short-ranged bonded interactions and relatively long-ranged dispersion interactions. We show the improved descriptions of the binding and sliding energies in bilayer graphene can be obtained by the NEP-D3 approach compared to the pure NEP approach. We implement the D3 part into the GPUMD package such that it can be used out of the box for many exchange-correlation functionals. As a realistic application, we show that dispersion interactions result in approximately a 10% reduction in thermal conductivity for three typical metal-organic frameworks.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Statistical properties of the momentum occupation numbers of the Tonks-Girardeau gas in a harmonic trap
Creators: name: Pierre, Devillard
name: Anastasia, Benzahi
name: Patrizia, Vignolo
name: Mathias, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the fluctuations of the number of bosons with a given momentum for the Tonks-Girardeau gas at zero and finite temperature in a harmonic trap. We show that correlations between opposite momentum states $p$, which is an important fingerprint of long range order in weakly interacting Bose systems are suppressed. Non trivial correlations, including negative correlations are observed for momenta smaller or of the order of the inverse radius of the gas. The full distribution of the number of bosons with momentum $p$ exhibits an interesting crossover from a non trivial distribution at zero momentum to an exponential distribution. The distribution of the quasi-condensate occupation is also studied. Experimental relevance of our findings for recent cold atoms experiments are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
title: Evidence for human-centric in-vehicle lighting: Part 2 — Modeling illumination based on color-opponents
Creators: name: Weirich, Christopher
name: Lin, Yandan
name: Khanh, Tran Quoc
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2022

description: Illumination preference models are usually defined in a static scenery, rating common-colored objects by a single scale or semantic differentials. Recently, it was reported that two to three illumination characteristics are necessary to define a high correlation in a bright office-like environment. However, white-light illumination preferences for vehicle-occupants in a dynamic semi- to full automated modern driving context are missing. Here we conducted a global free access online survey using VR engines to create 360° sRGB static in-vehicle sceneries. A total of 164 participants from China and Europe answered three levels in our self-hosted questionnaire by using mobile access devices. First, the absolute perceptional difference should be defined by a variation of CCT for 3,000, 4,500, and 6,000 K or combinations, and light distribution, either in a spot- or spatial way. Second, psychological light attributes should be associated with the same illumination and scenery settings. Finally, we created four driving environments with varying external levels of interest and time of the day. We identified three key results: (1) Four illumination groups could be classified by applying nMDS. (2) Combinations of mixed CCTs and spatial light distributions outperformed compared single light settings (p < 0.05), suggesting that also during daylight conditions artificial light supplements are necessary. (3) By an image transformation in the IPT and CAM16 color appearance space, comparing external and in-vehicle scenery, individual illumination working areas for each driving scenery could be identified, especially in the dimension of chroma-, partially following the Hunt-Effect, and lightness contrast, which synchronizes the internal and external brightness level. We classified our results as a starting point, which we intend to prove in a follow-up-controlled laboratory study with real object arrangements. Also, by applying novel methods to display high fidelity 360° rendered images on mobile access devices, our approach can be used in the future interdisciplinary research since high computational mobile devices with advanced equipped sensory systems are the new standard of our daily life.
A MGinf Queue Busy Period Distribution Characterizing Parameter
Creators: name: Ferreira, Manuel Alberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work it is proposed a parameter, η, to characterize the MGinf Queue Busy Period distribution that is a modification of the peakedness proposed in Whitt (1984). As this distribution moments centered at the origin are given, in general, by very complex expressions it is relevant to search for parameters simpler but with good descriptive properties.
description: 6 pages and 1 table
Chandra observations of nova KT Eridani in outburst
Creators: name: Pei, Songpeng
name: Orio, Marina
name: Ness, Jan-Uwe
name: Ospina, Nataly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse here four observations of nova KT Eri (Nova Eri 2009) done with the Chandra High Resolution Camera Spectrometer (HRC-S) and the Low Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) in 2010, from day 71 until day 159 after the optical maximum, in the luminous supersoft X-ray phase. The spectrum presents many absorption features with a large range of velocity, from a few hundred km s$^{-1}$ to 3100 km s$^{-1}$ in the same observation, and a few prominent emission features, generally redshifted by more than 2000 km s$^{-1}$. Although the uncertainty on the distance and the WD luminosity from the approximate fit do not let us rule out a larger absolute luminosity than our best estimate of $\simeq 5 \times 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$, it is likely that we observed only up to $\simeq$40% of the surface of the white dwarf, which may have been partially hidden by clumpy ejecta. Our fit with atmospheric models indicate a massive white dwarf in the 1.15-1.25 M$_\odot$ range. A thermal spectrum originating in the ejecta appears to be superimposed on the white dwarf spectrum. It is complex, has more than one component and may be due to a mixture of photoionized and shock ionized outflowing material. We confirm that the $\simeq$35 s oscillation that was reported earlier, was detected in the last observation, done on day 159 of the outburst.
A stochastic analysis of steady-state groundwater flow in a bounded domain
Creators: name: Smith, James Leslie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A stochastic analysis of groundwater flow leads to probability distributions on the predicted hydraulic head values. This variability reflects our uncertainty in the system being modeled due to the spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity. Monte Carlo techniques can be used to estimate the head distributions. This approach relies on the repetitive generation of discrete-block conductivity realizations. In this study, steady state flow through one and two-dimensional flow domains is investigated. A space law based on a first order, nearest neighbour stochastic process model is used to generate the multilateral spatial dependence in the hydraulic conductivity values within the block structure. This allows consideration of both statistically isotropic and anisotropic autocorrelation functions. It is shown that the probability distribution of hydraulic head and the head gradient or the flux across the boundaries of the flow domain, must be interpreted in terms of: 1) The spatial variation of expected head gradients. 2) The standard deviation in the conductivity distribution. 3) The ratio of the integral scale of the autocorrelation function for conductivity to the distance between boundaries on the flow domain. 4) The arrangement of stationary units within the flow domain. The standard deviations in hydraulic head increase with an increase in either the conductivity standard deviation or the strength of the correlation between neighbouring conductivity values. Provided the integral scales of the medium are preserved, the standard deviations in head show only a minor dependence on the discretization interval. The head standard deviations are approximately halved in a two-dimensional model from those in a one-dimensional model with an equivalent space law. Spatial trends in the mean conductivity can considerably alter the magnitude and spatial variation in the hydraulic head standard deviations. The geometric mean has been suggested by others as a suitable effective conductivity in a heterogeneous two-dimensional flow domain. This study shows that only in the case of uniform flow through a single stationary unit is this concept valid. If the mean gradient field is nonuniform, or if the mean conductivity has a spatial trend, predictions based on the geometric mean do not satisfy the necessary equivalence criteria. Direct comparisons cannot be made, but the Monte Carlo and spectral approaches to the solution of the stochastic flow equations predict a similar behavior. A first order, nearest neighbour model is matched to a data set collected from a relatively uniform but stratified, unconsolidated sand deposit. The data show statistically anisotropic autocorrelation functions, both in the integral scale and in the functional form of the correlation. A broader class of spatial models may need to be considered to describe the cyclic behavior of sedimentary sequences.
Acceleration of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in the early afterglows of gamma-ray bursts: concurrence of jet's dynamics and wave-particle interactions
Creators: name: Zhang, Ze-Lin
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays $($UHECRs$)$ remains a mystery. It has been suggested that UHECRs can be produced by the stochastic acceleration in relativistic jets of gamma-ray bursts $($GRBs$)$ at the early afterglow phase. Here, we develop a time-dependent model for proton energization by cascading compressible waves in GRB jets considering the concurrent effect of the jet's dynamics and the mutual interactions between turbulent waves and particles. Considering fast mode of magnetosonic wave as the dominant particle scatterer and assuming interstellar medium $($ISM$)$ for the circumburst environment, our numerical results suggest that protons can be accelerated up to $\textrm{10}^{\textrm{19}}\,$eV during the early afterglow. An estimation shows ultra-high energy nuclei can easily survive photodisintegration in the external shocks in most cases, thus allowing the acceleration of $\textrm{10}^{\textrm{20}}\,$eV cosmic-ray nuclei in the proposed frame. The spectral slope can be as hard as $\textrm{d}\textit{N}/\textrm{d}\textit{E} \propto \textit{E}^\textrm{0}$, which is consistent with the requirement for the interpretation of intermediate-mass composition of UHECR as measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in PRD
Sequential propagation of a single photon through five measurement contexts in a three-path interferometer
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum contextuality describes scenarios in which it is impossible to explain the experimental evidence in terms of a measurement independent reality. Here, I introduce a three-path interferometer in which all five contexts needed for a demonstration of contextuality are realized in sequence. It is then possible to observe a paradoxical situation where the paths connecting input ports to their corresponding output ports appear to be blocked by destructive interference. It is shown that the conditional currents observed in weak measurements provide a consistent explanation of the paradox, indicating that weak values might help to bridge the gap between wavelike propagation effects and local particle detection.
description: 12 pages, including 4 figures. Added references, especially with regards to generalized contextuality
An evolutionary-network model reveals stratified interactions in the V3 loop of the HIV-1 envelope
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Evolution, Molecular
HIV-1
Models, Genetic
Phylogeny
Protein Conformation
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Sequence Analysis
Structure-Activity Relationship
Viral Envelope Proteins

description: The third variable loop (V3) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope is a principal determinant of antibody neutralization and progression to AIDS. Although it is undoubtedly an important target for vaccine research, extensive genetic variation in V3 remains an obstacle to the development of an effective vaccine. Comparative methods that exploit the abundance of sequence data can detect interactions between residues of rapidly evolving proteins such as the HIV-1 envelope, revealing biological constraints on their variability. However, previous studies have relied implicitly on two biologically unrealistic assumptions: (1) that founder effects in the evolutionary history of the sequences can be ignored, and; (2) that statistical associations between residues occur exclusively in pairs. We show that comparative methods that neglect the evolutionary history of extant sequences are susceptible to a high rate of false positives (20%-40%). Therefore, we propose a new method to detect interactions that relaxes both of these assumptions. First, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of extant sequences by maximum likelihood, shifting focus from extant sequence variation to the underlying substitution events. Second, we analyze the joint distribution of substitution events among positions in the sequence as a Bayesian graphical model, in which each branch in the phylogeny is a unit of observation. We perform extensive validation of our models using both simulations and a control case of known interactions in HIV-1 protease, and apply this method to detect interactions within V3 from a sample of 1,154 HIV-1 envelope sequences. Our method greatly reduces the number of false positives due to founder effects, while capturing several higher-order interactions among V3 residues. By mapping these interactions to a structural model of the V3 loop, we find that the loop is stratified into distinct evolutionary clusters. We extend our model to detect interactions between the V3 and C4 domains of the HIV-1 envelope, and account for the uncertainty in mapping substitutions to the tree with a parametric bootstrap. © 2007 Poon et al.
title: Retail Shopping Center Development in Logan, Utah
Creators: name: Fjeldsted, Russell F.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: Two stores side by side have, under the free enterprise system, usually more than twice the business of a single store. Merchants of the world recognize the value of this cumulative pull; it is implicit in every Main Street, every Fifth Avenue, every crossroads store group.
In this paper, we are interested in shopping centers, which are compound of the department store, the rural general store, the downtown shopping block, and a traditional street market. This new type of store group will usually be under single ownership, a dominating fact which will show itself through a certain architectural unity which ties the stores together. Each tenant will have been selected by the center to fit into a pre-ordained pattern of merchandising. Together, this group of tenants will be able to supply all of the shopper's day-to-day needs. The typical customer of this new type of shopping center will be driving a private car. Instead of occupying a ground area of approximately three square feet, as a pedestrian, the auto shopper required an area of approximately 300 square feet before dismounting. The area allocated for parking will exceed the actual floor area of the stores by as much as three to one.