cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
TOI-561 b: Hot Earth-size Planet with Low Density in the Galactic Thick Disk
Creators: name: Brinkman, Casey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Exoplanets
Compositions
Rocky Planets
Radial Velocities

description: TOI-561 is a galactic thick disk star hosting an ultra-short period planet of 1.45 R⊕: one of the oldest known Earth-sized exoplanets (∼10 Gyr), and among the first discovered beyond the thin disk of our galaxy. As a thick disk star, TOI-561 is one of the most iron depleted (-0.41 dex) and alpha-enriched (0.23 dex) exoplanet hosts. To determine the composition of this planet, we collected high-precision Radial Velocity measurements from Maroon-X and HIRES, and used equation-of-state modeling for iron and silicate rock. We have determined that the low density of TOI-561 b requires this planet to have a volatile envelope, despite its size and proximity to its host star.
description: {"references": ["Cottaar, S., Heister, T., Myhill, R., Rose, I., & Unterborn, C. 2016, BurnMan: Lower mantle mineral physics toolkit, ascl:1610.010"]}
Here comes the SU(N): multivariate quantum gates and gradients
Creators: name: Wiersema, Roeland
name: Lewis, Dylan
name: Wierichs, David
name: Carrasquilla, Juan
name: Killoran, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms use non-convex optimization methods to find the optimal parameters for a parametrized quantum circuit in order to solve a computational problem. The choice of the circuit ansatz, which consists of parameterized gates, is crucial to the success of these algorithms. Here, we propose a gate which fully parameterizes the special unitary group $\mathrm{SU}(N)$. This gate is generated by a sum of non-commuting operators, and we provide a method for calculating its gradient on quantum hardware. In addition, we provide a theorem for the computational complexity of calculating these gradients by using results from Lie algebra theory. In doing so, we further generalize previous parameter-shift methods. We show that the proposed gate and its optimization satisfy the quantum speed limit, resulting in geodesics on the unitary group. Finally, we give numerical evidence to support the feasibility of our approach and show the advantage of our gate over a standard gate decomposition scheme. In doing so, we show that not only the expressibility of an ansatz matters, but also how it's explicitly parameterized.
Seasonal analysis of the gut microbiota in adult and young captive Asian black bears in northeast China: supplementary material
Creators: name: Su, Junhong
name: Li, Linghao
name: Wang, Yueying
name: Ma, Xiao-xia
name: Ma, Zhongren
name: Peppelenbosch, Maikel P.
name: Pan, Qiuwei
name: Bai, Xue
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2019
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Seasonal alternation impacts the composition
of gut microbiota in wild and free-ranging bears, but little is known concerning
captive bears. In this study, we investigated the effects of seasonal changes on
gut microbiota in captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus). Fecal
samples of thirteen adult and young were collected at a bile farm in Northeast
China between September 2017 and January 2018. The fecal microbiota community
was analyzed by sequencing the bacterial 16S V4 hypervariable region using a
next-generation sequencing platform. We found that Firmicutes was the predominant phylum in the feces of captive
Asiatic black bears. Microbial alpha and beta diversity in both adult and young
captive Asiatic black bears was significantly different between the two time
points. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Sarcina was increased in all of the captive Asiatic black bears in
January, while Streptococcus was decreased in young but not adults.
Overall, the composition of gut microbiota was influenced by seasonal changes,
but the effect was more pronounced in young captive Asiatic black bears. These findings may help to better understand the roles of
captivity and hibernation on shaping the gut microbiota in bears.
Adaptation of the temporal receptive fields of macaque V1 neurons
Creators: name: Romero, Richard
name: Yuguo  Yu
name: Pedram  Afshar
name: Lee, Tai Sing
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional view of macaque V1 neurons is that they are static spatiotemporal filters. This study shows that V1 neurons’ temporal receptive fields (kernels) are dynamic and adaptive. In order to study the adaptation of the kernels to a variety of stimuli, we developed a regression approach to recover kernels using naturalistic stimuli. Using this technique, we studied how the kernels of the V1 neurons in macaque monkeys adapt to the frequency bandwidth of naturalistic signals. We found that the temporal frequency tunings and the gains of the receptive fields of the neurons change according to the statistical context of the stimulus environment.
Are contraceptives causing the bedroom blues? The effect of contraceptive implants on sexual desire in women
Creators: name: Armstrong, Katrina
name: Tessier, Zoë
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016

description: Background: In the United States, an estimated 51% of pregnancies are unwanted (Sanders et. al., 2014). High rates of unwanted pregnancy can be reduced by the use of various contraceptives. Hormonal contraceptives are a popular choice among fertile women and have been shown to effectively prevent pregnancy. Contraceptive implants are a type of progestogen-only birth control. The implant is a single rod that is inserted subdermally into the upper arm. It has 68 mg of active compound and is effective in preventing pregnancy for up to 3 years (Gezginc et. al., 2007). Objective: Examine if contraceptive implants decrease a woman’s sexual desire via a literature review. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted. Articles related to the effect of implant contraceptives on sexual libido were considered. Scopus, Medline, and PubMed were used to find related literature. Peer reviewed studies containing one or more of the keywords: contraceptive drug implants, sexual dysfunction, libido or sexual behaviour were included in the review. Animal studies, non-English studies, studies on menopausal women, and studies on endometriosis and gynaecological cancers were excluded. Results: Six articles that met the criteria were selected. The degree of the relationship between use of an implant and decreased sexual libido varied between studies. A general decrease in sexual libido was reported. Conclusion: The evidence demonstrated a decrease in sexual desire with the use of contraceptive implants. Further research excluding other side effects and focusing only on libido is needed to further explore causative effects.
Near optimal pentamodes as a tool for guiding stress while minimizing compliance in $3d$-printed materials: a complete solution to the weak $G$-closure problem for $3d$-printed materials
Creators: name: Milton, Graeme W.
name: Camar-Eddine, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a composite containing one isotropic elastic material, with positive Lame moduli, and void, with the elastic material occupying a prescribed volume fraction $f$, and with the composite being subject to an average stress, ${ σ}^0$, Gibiansky, Cherkaev, and Allaire provided a sharp lower bound $W_f({ σ}^0)$ on the minimum compliance energy $σ^0:ε^0$, in which ${ ε}^0$ is the average strain. Here we show these bounds also provide sharp bounds on the possible $({ σ}^0,{ ε}^0)$-pairs that can coexist in such composites, and thus solve the weak $G$-closure problem for $3d$-printed materials. The materials we use to achieve the extremal $(σ^0,ε^0)$-pairs are denoted as near optimal pentamodes. We also consider two-phase composites containing this isotropic elasticity material and a rigid phase with the elastic material occupying a prescribed volume fraction $f$, and with the composite being subject to an average strain, $ε^0$. For such composites, Allaire and Kohn provided a sharp lower bound $\widetilde{W}_f({ ε}^0)$ on the minimum elastic energy $σ^0:ε^0$. We show that these bounds also provide sharp bounds on the possible $({ σ}^0,{ ε}^0)$-pairs that can coexist in such composites of the elastic and rigid phases, and thus solve the weak $G$-closure problem in this case too. The materials we use to achieve these extremal $({ σ}^0,{ ε}^0)$-pairs are denoted as near optimal unimodes.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Active Storage For Large-Scale Data Mining and Multimedia Applications
Creators: name: Reidel, Erik
name: Gibson, Garth
name: Faloutsos, Christos
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing performance and decreasing cost of processors and memory are causing system intelligence to move into peripherals from the CPU. Storage system designers are using this trend toward “excess” compute power to perform more complex processing and optimizations inside storage devices. To date, such optimizations have been at relatively low levels of the storage protocol. At the same time, trends in storage density, mechanics, and electronics are eliminating the bottleneck in moving data off the media and putting pressure on interconnects and host processors to move data more efficiently. We propose a system called Active Disks that takes advantage of processing power on individual disk drives to run application-level code. Moving portions of an application’s processing to execute directly at disk drives can dramatically reduce data traffic and take advantage of the storage parallelism already present in large systems today. We discuss several types of applications that would benefit from this capability with a focus on the areas of database, data mining, and multimedia. We develop an analytical model of the speedups possible for scanintensive applications in an Active Disk system.We also experiment with a prototype Active Disk system using relatively low-powered processors in comparison to a database server system with a single, fast processor. Our experiments validate the intuition in our model and demonstrate speedups of 2x on 10 disks across four scan-based applications. The model promises linear speedups in disk arrays of hundreds of disks, provided the application data is large enough.
Adolescent exposure to food and beverage marketing on social media by gender: a pilot study
Creators: name: Amson, Ashley
name: Pauzé, Elise
name: Remedios, Lauren
name: Pritchard, Meghan
name: Potvin Kent, Monique
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Adolescents
Food marketing
Gender
Marketing techniques
Social media

description: Objective: The objective of this research was to determine if, based on gender, adolescents were exposed to different marketing techniques that promoted food and beverages over social media. Design: A secondary analysis of adolescent boy (n 26) and girl (n 36) exposures (n 139) to food and beverage marketing was conducted. Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted to compare the number, healthfulness and the marketing techniques of exposures viewed by boys and girls. Setting: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Sixty-two adolescents aged 12–16 years. Results: Boys and girls were exposed to similar volumes of food marketing instances (median = 2 for both boys and girls, Mann–Whitney U = 237, P = 0·51) per 10-min period of social media use. More girls viewed products that were excessive in total fat compared to boys (67 % v. 35 %, P = 0·02). Boys were more likely to view instances of food marketing featuring a male as the dominant user (50 % v. 22 %, P = 0·03), appeals to achievement (42 % v. 17 %, P = 0·04), an influencer (42 % v. 14 %, P = 0·02) and appeals to athleticism (35 % v. 11 %, P = 0·03), whereas girls were more likely to view instances of food marketing featuring quizzes, surveys or polls (25 % v. 0 %, P = 0·01). Conclusions: Food and beverage companies utilize marketing techniques that differ based on gender. More research examining the relationship between digital food and beverage marketing and gender is required to inform the development of gender-sensitive policies aimed at protecting adolescents from unhealthy food marketing.
A biological sequence comparison algorithm using quantum computers
Creators: name: Kösoglu-Kind, Büsra
name: Loredo, Robert
name: Grossi, Michele
name: Bernecker, Christian
name: Burks, Jody M
name: Buchkremer, Rudiger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Genetic information is encoded in a linear sequence of nucleotides, represented by letters ranging from thousands to billions. Mutations refer to changes in the DNA or RNA nucleotide sequence. Thus, mutation detection is vital in all areas of biology and medicine. Careful monitoring of virulence-enhancing mutations is essential. However, an enormous amount of classical computing power is required to analyze genetic sequences of this size. Inspired by human perception of vision and pixel representation of images on quantum computers, we leverage these techniques to implement a pairwise sequence analysis. The methodology has a potential advantage over classical approaches and can be further applied to identify mutations and other modifications in genetic sequences. We present a method to display and analyze the similarity between two genome sequences on a quantum computer where a similarity score is calculated to determine the similarity between nucleotides.
description: typos in some points and additional information was added
Protonation induced high-Tc phases in iron-based superconductors evidenced by NMR and magnetization measurements
Creators: name: Cui, Yi
name: Zhang, Gehui
name: Li, Haobo
name: Lin, Hai
name: Zhu, Xiyu
name: Wen, Hai-hu
name: Wang, Guoqing
name: Sun, Jinzhao
name: Ma, Mingwei
name: Li, Yuan
name: Gong, Dongliang
name: Xie, Tao
name: Gu, Yanhong
name: Li, Shiliang
name: Luo, Huiqian
name: Yu, Pu
name: Yu, Weiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical substitution during growth is a well-established method to manipulate electronic states of quantum materials, and leads to rich spectra of phase diagrams in cuprate and iron-based superconductors. Here we report a novel and generic strategy to achieve nonvolatile electron doping in series of (i.e. 11 and 122 structures) Fe-based superconductors by ionic liquid gating induced protonation at room temperature. Accumulation of protons in bulk compounds induces superconductivity in the parent compounds, and enhances the Tc largely in some superconducting ones. Furthermore, the existence of proton in the lattice enables the first proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study to probe directly superconductivity. Using FeS as a model system, our NMR study reveals an emergent high-Tc phase with no coherence peak which is hard to measure by NMR with other isotopes. This novel electric-field-induced proton evolution opens up an avenue for manipulation of competing electronic states (e.g. Mott insulators), and may provide an innovative way for a broad perspective of NMR measurements with greatly enhanced detecting resolution.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, published, http://engine.scichina.com/publisher/scp/journal/SB/63/1/10.1016/j.scib.2017.12.009?slug=full text
Higher-twisted periodic smooth Deligne cohomology
Creators: name: Grady, Daniel
name: Sati, Hisham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Degree one twisting of Deligne cohomology, as a differential refinement of integral cohomology, was established in previous work. Here we consider higher degree twists. The Rham complex, hence de Rham cohomology, admits twists of any odd degree. However, in order to consider twists of integral cohomology we need a periodic version. Combining the periodic versions of both ingredients leads us to introduce a periodic form of Deligne cohomology. We demonstrate that this theory indeed admits a twist by a gerbe of any odd degree. We present the main properties of the new theory and illustrate its use with examples and computations, mainly via a corresponding twisted differential Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence.
description: 25 pages, paragraph added to introduction, references added
Impact-Studie Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle PETRA III im Kontext des Forschungs- und Innovationsökosystems DESY
Creators: name: Kroll, Henning
name: Stahlecker, Thomas
name: Zenker, Andrea
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Impact
Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle PETRA III
DESY

description: Vor dem Hintergrund der laufenden Beantragung des strategischen Neubau- und Erweiterungsprojektes PETRA IV hat das Deutsche Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) eine Impact-Studie zur Abschätzung und Bewertung der Wirkungen der noch in Betrieb befindlichen Vorgängeranlage PETRA III vergeben. Ziel dieser Studie ist es dabei einerseits, die Bedeutung von PETRA III im wissenschaftlichen Kernbereich zu dokumentieren, andererseits, die auch im nichtwissenschaftlichen Bereich entstehenden Wirkungen abzuschätzen sowie relevante Wirkungskanäle und -mechanismen zu identifizieren. Insbesondere geht es hierbei im Wirkungen in den Bereichen Wirtschaft, Humankapitel und Gesellschaft. Betrachtet werden unterschiedliche Wirkungsbeziehungen, basierend auf der Diffusion wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse, Netzwerkeffekten, dem Transfer von Technologien, der Verausgabung von Gehältern, Sach- und Investitionskosten sowie der Verbesserung des öffentlichen Kenntnisstandes über die Bedeutung und Rolle von Forschungsinfrastrukturen.
What is ‘Transition’? The Two Realities of Energy and Environmental Leaders in Canada
Creators: name: Beck, Marisa
name: Richard, Aimee
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: energy transition
energy policy
Canada
Polarization
Positive Energy
Public Confidence
OIl and Gas
Business Leaders
C-Suite survey

description: The University of Ottawa’s Positive Energy program released a new study suggesting that decision-makers in the energy and environmental communities occupy two separate realities over energy transition in Canada. The report’s lead author, Positive Energy researcher Dr. Marisa Beck, uncovered the two realities by asking over 40 energy and environmental leaders about their use and interpretation of the term “transition”. Individuals within both realities agree Canada is undergoing an energy transition of some kind. However, they disagree on the necessary pace and scope of transition. One reality views “transition” as a gradual process that will be driven largely by market forces, with a diverse energy portfolio that includes oil and gas. The other reality views “transition” as a set of broader social and political changes that must occur quickly, with a phase-out of oil and gas, and emissions reduction targets that should be as aggressive as necessary to hold global temperature increases below 2 degrees Celsius.
Constraints on temporal variation of fundamental constants from GRBs
Creators: name: Bambi, C.
name: Drago, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of a strange or hybrid star from a neutron star progenitor is believed to occur when the central stellar density exceeds a critical value. If the transition from hadron to quark matter is of first order, the event has to release a huge amount of energy in a very short time and we would be able to observe the phenomenon even if it is at cosmological distance far from us; most likely, such violent quark deconfinement would be associated with at least a fraction of the observed gamma ray bursts. If we allow for temporal variations of fundamental constants like $Λ_{QCD}$ or $G_N$, we can expect that neutron stars with an initial central density just below the critical value can enter into the region where strange or hybrid stars are the true ground state. From the observed rate of long gamma ray bursts, we are able to deduce the constraint $\dot{G}_N/G_N \lesssim 10^{-17} {\rm yr^{-1}}$, which is about 5 orders of magnitude more stringent than the strongest previous bounds on a possible increasing $G_N$.
description: 5 pages, no figure. v3: refereed version
Calculating $p$-values and their significances with the Energy Test for large datasets
Creators: name: Barter, W.
name: Burr, C.
name: Parkes, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy test method is a multi-dimensional test of whether two samples are consistent with arising from the same underlying population, through the calculation of a single test statistic (called the $T$-value). The method has recently been used in particle physics to search for differences between samples that arise from CP violation. The generalised extreme value function has previously been used to describe the distribution of $T$-values under the null hypothesis that the two samples are drawn from the same underlying population. We show that, in a simple test case, the distribution is not sufficiently well described by the generalised extreme value function. We present a new method, where the distribution of $T$-values under the null hypothesis when comparing two large samples can be found by scaling the distribution found when comparing small samples drawn from the same population. This method can then be used to quickly calculate the $p$-values associated with the results of the test.
description: 9 pages (including title page); 4 figures
Active Sampling for Rank Learning via Optimizing the Area Under the ROC Curve
Creators: name: Pinar  Donmez
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning ranking functions is crucial for solving many problems, ranging from document retrieval to building recommendation systems based on an individual user’s preferences or on collaborative filtering. Learning-to-rank is particularly necessary for adaptive or personalizable tasks, including email prioritization, individualized recommendation systems, personalized news clipping services and so on. Whereas the learning-to-rank challenge has been addressed in the literature, little work has been done in an active-learning framework, where requisite user feedback is minimized by selecting only the most informative instances to train the rank learner. This paper addresses active rank-learning head on, proposing a new sampling strategy based on minimizing hinge rank loss, and demonstrating the effectiveness of the active sampling method for rankSVM on two standard rank-learning datasets. The proposed method shows convincing results in optimizing three performance metrics, as well as improvement against four baselines including entropbased, divergence-based, uncertainty-based and random sampling methods.
Assessment of Electric Vehicle Incentive Policies in Canadian Provinces
Creators: name: Azarafshar, Roshanak
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019

description: This study aims to find the effects of financial point of sales incentives on the sales of electric vehicles across the Canadian provinces from September 2012 to December 2016. My findings indicate that purchase incentives cause the sales of new electric vehicles to increase by 8 percent on average due to a $1000 increase in incentives. I find that 47% of electric vehicle sales across the rebating provinces (Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia) are attributed to the purchase incentives. Results of the counter-factual simulations imply that the cost of eliminating one tonne of carbon emissions across the provinces that offer incentives over the years of my study is, on average, $216/tonne CO2.
Topological background discrimination in the PandaX-III neutrinoless double beta decay experiment
Creators: name: Galan, J
name: Chen, X
name: Du, H
name: Fu, C
name: Giboni, K
name: Giuliani, F
name: Han, K
name: Jiang, B
name: Ji, X
name: Lin, H
name: Lin, Y
name: Liu, J
name: Ni, K
name: Ren, X
name: Wang, S
name: Wu, S
name: Xie, C
name: Yang, Y
name: Zhang, D
name: Zhang, T
name: Zhao, L
name: Aune, S
name: Bedfer, Y
name: Berthoumieux, E
name: Calvet, D
name: d'Hose, N
name: Ferrer-Ribas, E
name: Kunne, F
name: Manier, B
name: Neyret, D
name: Papaevangelou, T
name: Chen, L
name: Hu, S
name: Jian, S
name: Li, P
name: Li, X
name: Zhang, H
name: Zhao, M
name: Zhou, J
name: Mao, Y
name: Qiao, H
name: Wang, S
name: Yuan, Y
name: Wang, M
name: Chen, Y
name: Khan, A N
name: Raper, N
name: Tang, J
name: Wang, W
name: Feng, C
name: Li, C
name: Liu, J
name: Liu, S
name: Wang, X
name: Zhu, D
name: Castel, J F
name: Cebrián, S
name: Dafni, T
name: Irastorza, I G
name: Luzón, G
name: Mirallas, H
name: Sun, X
name: Tan, A
name: Haxton, W
name: Mei, Y
name: Kobdaj, C
name: Yan, Y
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PandaX-III experiment plans to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0$νββ$) of $^{136}$Xe in the China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL). The experiment will use a high pressure gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to register both the energy and the electron track topology of an event. This article is devoted to the software side of the experiment. As software tool we use REST, a framework developed for the reconstruction and simulation of TPC-based detector systems. We study the potential for background reduction by introducing appropiate parameters based on the properties of 0$νββ$ events. We exploit for the first time not only the energy density of the electron track-ends, but also the electron scattering angles produced by an electron near the end of its trajectory. To implement this, we have added new algorithms for detector signal and track processing inside REST. Their assessment shows that background can be reduced by about 7 orders of magnitude while keeping 0$νββ$ efficiency above 20% for the PandaX-III baseline readout scheme, a 2-dimensional 3mm-pitch stripped readout. More generally, we use the potential of REST to handle 2D/3D data to assess the impact on signal-to-background significance at different detector granularities, and to validate the PandaX-III baseline choice. Finally, we demonstrate the potential to discriminate surface background events generated at the readout plane in the absence of $t_o$, by making use of event parameters related with the diffusion of electrons.
description: 40 pages, 15 figures. Prepared for submission to Journal of Physics G
La selección y el trámite de revisión de la acción de tutela ante la Corte Constitucional
Creators: name: Castro Niño, Natalia Andrea
name: Reyes Cuartas, José Fernando
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia. Departamento de Derecho Constitucional
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Acción de tutela - Colombia
subject: Control de constitucionalidad - Colombia
subject: Sentencias - Colombia

description: Prevista en el artículo 86 de la Constitución Política, la acción de tutela es, sin lugar a duda, el medio procesal más importante concebido en la historia constitucional colombiana para la defensa de los derechos fundamentales. Además de las características procesales que hacen de ella un mecanismo judicial autónomo, expedito, preferente y sumario, uno de los rasgos que ha influido de forma más directa en su eficacia es la revisión eventual efectuada por la Corte Constitucional.
Active Property Testing
Creators: name: Maria-Florina  Balcan
name: Blais, Eric
name: Avrim  Blum
name: Yang, Liu
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One motivation for property testing of boolean functions is the idea that testing can provide a fast preprocessing step before learning. However, in most machine learning applications, it is not possible to request for labels of arbitrary examples constructed by an algorithm. Instead, the dominant query paradigm in applied machine learning, called active learning, is one where the algorithm may query for labels, but only on points in a given (polynomial-sized) unlabeled sample, drawn from some underlying distribution D. In this work, we bring this well-studied model to the domain of testing. We develop both general results for this active testing model as well as efficient testing algorithms for several importantproperties for learning, demonstrating that testing can still yield substantial benefits in this restricted setting. For example, we show that testing unions of d intervals can be done with O(1) label requests in our setting, whereas it is known to √ require Ω(d) labeled examples for learning (and Ω(√d) for passivetesting [22] where the algorithm must pay for every example drawn from D). In fact, our results fortesting unions of intervals also yield improvements on prior work in both the classic query model (where any point in the domain can be queried) and the passive testing model as well. For the problem oftesting linear separators in Rn over the Gaussian distribution, we show that both active and passivetesting can be done with O(√n) queries, substantially less than the Ω(n) needed for learning, with near-matching lower bounds. We also present a general combination result in this model for building testableproperties out of others, which we then use to provide testers for a number of assumptions used in semi-supervised learning. In addition to the above results, we also develop a general notion of thetesting dimension of a given property with respect to a given distribution, that we show characteriz- s (up to constant factors) the intrinsic number of label requests needed to test that property. We develop such notions for both the active and passive testing models. We then use these dimensions to prove a number of lower bounds, including for linear separators and the class of dictator functions.
Phase Transitions of the First Kind as Radiation Processes
Creators: name: Perel'man, Mark E.
name: Tatartchenko, Vitali A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystallization and vapor condensation are considered as processes of sequential entering of single atoms/molecules into condensate. The latent heat can be carry away by radiation of characteristic frequencies generated in the course of transition. The estimated dependences of latent (radiated) energy of boiling on temperature confirm and prove the well-known empirical Trouton's rule applicable to many simple substances. It leads to the estimation of interrelation of critical parameters of corresponding substances. Experimental results of the authors and other researchers concerning crystallization from the melt of different substances (alkali halides, sapphire, tellurium, ice, copper) are presented, as well as condensation of water vapor, the correspondence to the offered model is established. It allows developing of the spectroscopy of phase transitions, and can lead to control of crystallization process, to crystallization stimulated by the characteristic radiation, etc. Formation of clouds in our atmosphere should be accompanied by characteristic radiation detectable for meteorological warnings.
description: 17 pages
Monolayer V2MX4: A new family of quantum anomalous Hall insulators
Creators: name: Jiang, Yadong
name: Wang, Huan
name: Bao, Kejie
name: Liu, Zhaochen
name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically propose that the van der Waals layered ternary transition metal chalcogenide V$_2 MX_4$ ($M=$ W, Mo; $X=$ S, Se) is a new family of quantum anomalous Hall insulators with sizable bulk gap and Chern number $\mathcal{C}=-1$. The large topological gap originates from the \emph{deep} band inversion between spin up bands contributed by $d_{xz},d_{yz}$ orbitals of V and spin down band from $d_{z^2}$ orbital of $M$ at Fermi level. Remarkably, the Curie temperature of monolayer V$_2 MX_4$ is predicted to be much higher than that of monolayer MnBi$_2$Te$_4$. Furthermore, the thickness dependence of the Chern number for few multilayers shows interesting oscillating behavior. The general physics from the $d$-orbitals here applies to a large class of ternary transition metal chalcogenide such as Ti$_2$W$X_4$ with the space group $P$-$42m$. These interesting predictions, if realized experimentally, could greatly promote the research and application of topological quantum physics.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
360 degree domain wall generation in the soft layer of magnetic tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Hehn, M.
name: Lacour, Daniel
name: Montaigne, F.
name: Briones, J.
name: Belkhou, R.
name: Moussaoui, S. El
name: Maccherozzi, F.
name: Rougemaille, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High spatial resolution X-ray photo-emission electron microscopy technique has been used to study the influence of the dipolar coupling taking place between the NiFe and the Co ferromagnetic electrodes of micron sized, elliptical shaped magnetic tunnel junctions. The chemical selectivity of this technique allows to observe independently the magnetic domain structure in each ferromagnetic electrode. The combination of this powerful imaging technique with micromagnetic simulations allows to evidence that a 360 degree domain wall can be stabilized in the NiFe soft layer. In this letter, we discuss the origin and the formation conditions of those 360 degree domain walls evidenced experimentally and numerically.
Differences in perceived fairness and health outcomes in two injury compensation systems: a comparative study
Creators: name: Elbers, Nieke A.
name: Collie, Alex
name: Hogg-Johnson, Sheilah
name: Lippel, Katherine
name: Lockwood, Keri
name: Cameron, Ian D.
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Motor vehicle crash
Injury
Claimants
Procedural justice
Compensation systems

description: Background: Involvement in a compensation process following a motor vehicle collision is consistently associated with worse health status but the reasons underlying this are unclear. Some compensation systems are hypothesised to be more stressful than others. In particular, fault-based compensation systems are considered to be more adversarial than no-fault systems and associated with poorer recovery. This study compares the perceived fairness and recovery of claimants in the fault-based compensation system in New South Wales (NSW) to the no-fault system in Victoria, Australia. Methods: One hundred eighty two participants were recruited via claims databases of the compensation system regulators in Victoria and NSW. Participants were > 18 years old and involved in a transport injury compensation process. The crash occurred 12 months (n = 95) or 24 months ago (n = 87). Perceived fairness about the compensation process was measured by items derived from a validated organisational justice questionnaire. Health outcome was measured by the initial question of the Short Form Health Survey. Results: In Victoria, 84 % of the participants considered the claims process fair, compared to 46 % of NSW participants (χ2 = 28.54; p < .001). Lawyer involvement and medical assessments were significantly associated with poorer perceived fairness. Overall perceived fairness was positively associated with health outcome after adjusting for demographic and injury variables (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.8, 95 % CI = 1.4 – 5.7, p = .004). Conclusion: The study shows large differences in perceived fairness between two different compensation systems and an association between fairness and health. These findings are politically important because compensation processes are designed to improve recovery. Lower perceived fairness in NSW may have been caused by potential adversarial aspects of the scheme, such as liability assessment, medical assessments, dealing with a third party for-profit insurance agency, or financial insecurity due to lump sum payments at settlement. This study should encourage an evidence informed discussion about how to reduce anti-therapeutic aspects in the compensation process in order to improve the injured person’s health.
Tensor triangulated category structures in the derived category of a variety with big (anti-)canonical bundle
Creators: name: Castro, Angel Israel Toledo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G80, 14F05

description: Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over $\mathbb{C}$ with big (anti-)canonical bundle. It is known that in this situation the Balmer spectrum of the tensor triangulated category of perfect complexes $Perf(X)$ of $X$ equipped with the derived tensor product $\otimes_{X}^{\mathbb{L}}$ recovers the space $X$. In this work we study the possible tensor triangulated category structures one can put on $Perf(X)$. As an application we prove a monoidal version of the well-known Bondal-Orlov reconstruction theorem.
The NIKA2 instrument at 30-m IRAM telescope: performance and results
Creators: name: Catalano, A.
name: Adam, R.
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: P.
name: André
name: Aussel, H.
name: Beelen, A.
name: Benoit, A.
name: Bideaud, A.
name: Billot, N.
name: Bourrion, O.
name: Calvo, M.
name: Comis, B.
name: De Petris, M.
name: Désert, F. -X.
name: Doyle, S.
name: Driessen, E. F. C.
name: Goupy, J.
name: Kramer, C.
name: Lagache, G.
name: Leclercq, S.
name: Lestrade, J. -F.
name: Macìas-Pérez, J. F.
name: Mauskopf, P.
name: Mayet, F.
name: Monfardini, A.
name: Pascale, E.
name: Perotto, L.
name: Pisano, G.
name: Ponthieu, N.
name: Revéret, V.
name: Ritacco, A.
name: Romero, C.
name: Roussel, H.
name: Ruppin, F.
name: Schuster, K.
name: Sievers, A.
name: Triqueneaux, S.
name: Tucker, C.
name: Zylka, R.
name: Barria, E.
name: Bres, G.
name: Camus, P.
name: Chanthib, P.
name: Donnier-Valentin, G.
name: Exshaw, O.
name: Garde, G.
name: Gerardin, A.
name: Leggeri, J. -P.
name: Levy-Bertrand, F.
name: Guttin, C.
name: Hoarau, C.
name: Grollier, M.
name: Mocellin, J. -L.
name: Pont, G.
name: Rodenas, H.
name: Tissot, O.
name: Galvez, G.
name: John, D.
name: Ungerechts, H.
name: Sanchez, S.
name: Mellado, P.
name: Munoz, M.
name: Pierfederici, F.
name: Penalver, J.
name: Navarro, S.
name: Bosson, G.
name: Bouly, J. -L.
name: Bouvier, J.
name: Geraci, C.
name: Li, C.
name: Menu, J.
name: Ponchant, N.
name: Roni, S.
name: Roudier, S.
name: Scordillis, J. P.
name: Tourres, D.
name: Vescovi, C.
name: Barbier, A.
name: Billon-Pierron, D.
name: Adane, A.
name: Andrianasolo, A .
name: Bracco, A.
name: Coiffard, G.
name: Evans, R.
name: Maury, A.
name: Rigby, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The New IRAM KID Arrays 2 (NIKA2) consortium has just finished installing and commissioning a millimetre camera on the IRAM 30 m telescope. It is a dual-band camera operating with three frequency multiplexed kilo-pixels arrays of Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKID) cooled at 150 mK, designed to observe the intensity and polarisation of the sky at 260 and 150 GHz (1.15 and 2 mm). NIKA2 is today an IRAM resident instrument for millimetre astronomy, such as Intra Cluster Medium from intermediate to distant clusters and so for the follow-up of Planck satellite detected clusters, high redshift sources and quasars, early stages of star formation and nearby galaxies emission. We present an overview of the instrument performance as it has been evaluated at the end of the commissioning phase.
Stochastic Wave Dark Matter with Fermi-LAT $γ$-ray Pulsar Timing Array
Creators: name: Luu, Hoang Nhan
name: Liu, Tao
name: Ren, Jing
name: Broadhurst, Tom
name: Yang, Ruizhi
name: Wang, Jie-Shuang
name: Xie, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can detect disturbances in the fabric of spacetime on a galactic scale by monitoring the arrival time of pulses from millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Recent advancements have enabled the use of $γ$-ray radiation emitted by MSPs, in addition to radio waves, for PTA experiments. Wave dark matter (DM), a prominent class of DM candidates, can be detected with PTAs due to its periodic perturbations of the spacetime metric. In response to this development, we perform in this Letter a first analysis of applying the $γ$-ray PTA to detect the ultralight axion-like wave DM, with the data of Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT). Despite its much smaller collecting area, the Fermi-LAT $γ$-ray PTA demonstrates a promising sensitivity potential. We show that the upper limits not far from those of the dedicated radio-PTA projects can be achieved. Moreover, we initiate a cross-correlation analysis using the data of two Fermi-LAT pulsars. The cross-correlation of phases, while carrying key information on the source of the spacetime perturbations, has been ignored in the existing data analyses for the wave DM detection with PTAs. Our analysis indicates that taking this information into account can improve the sensitivity to wave DM by $\gtrsim 50\%$ at masses below $10^{-23}$ eV.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Published version
How Will It Drape Like? Capturing Fabric Mechanics from Depth Images
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Pardo, Carlos
name: Prieto-Martin, Melania
name: Casas, Dan
name: Garces, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.4; I.3.5; I.4.8; I.5.1
subject: 68T45 (Primary) 68U05 (Secondary)

description: We propose a method to estimate the mechanical parameters of fabrics using a casual capture setup with a depth camera. Our approach enables to create mechanically-correct digital representations of real-world textile materials, which is a fundamental step for many interactive design and engineering applications. As opposed to existing capture methods, which typically require expensive setups, video sequences, or manual intervention, our solution can capture at scale, is agnostic to the optical appearance of the textile, and facilitates fabric arrangement by non-expert operators. To this end, we propose a sim-to-real strategy to train a learning-based framework that can take as input one or multiple images and outputs a full set of mechanical parameters. Thanks to carefully designed data augmentation and transfer learning protocols, our solution generalizes to real images despite being trained only on synthetic data, hence successfully closing the sim-to-real loop.Key in our work is to demonstrate that evaluating the regression accuracy based on the similarity at parameter space leads to an inaccurate distances that do not match the human perception. To overcome this, we propose a novel metric for fabric drape similarity that operates on the image domain instead on the parameter space, allowing us to evaluate our estimation within the context of a similarity rank. We show that out metric correlates with human judgments about the perception of drape similarity, and that our model predictions produce perceptually accurate results compared to the ground truth parameters.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. Accepted to EUROGRAPHICS 2023. Project website: https://carlosrodriguezpardo.es/projects/MechFromDepth/
La estabilidad laboral como garantía constitucional: desarrollo jurisprudencial a partir de la Constitución colombiana y estándares internacionales
Creators: name: Peña Cuéllar, Diana Marcela
name: Sánchez Torres, Fredy Alexander
name: Vidal Lasso, Astrid Daniela
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Derechos humanos
subject: Garantías constitucionales
subject: Colombia - Derecho constitucional
subject: Derechos económicos y sociales
subject: Derecho al trabajo
subject: Estabilidad laboral
subject: Desafíos constitucionales
subject: Justiciabilidad de los derechos

description: La Constitución de 1991 trajo consigo un cambio de modelo de Estado y con ello incorporó como un principio base, el trabajo. Por tal motivo en esta investigación se estudió bajo un enfoque cualitativo deductivo, la jurisprudencia interna con relación a la estabilidad laboral en escenarios sindicales, de maternidad y de salud, y a su vez, los pronunciamientos de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos frente a la justiciabilidad directa de los derechos laborales. El resultado obtenido correspondió a evidenciar la pugna de las interpretaciones de las Altas Cortes colombianas y sostener que el Tribunal Interamericano ha adoptado una posición progresista del artículo 26 de la CADH, lo cual da cuenta de un robusto escenario de protección pero también de los desafíos que hoy se afrontan.
description: The 1991 Constitution of Colombia brought with it a change in the State model and with-it incorporated work as a basic principle. For this reason, this research studied under a qualitative deductive approach, the internal jurisprudence in relation to job stability in union scenarios, both maternity and health scenarios, and in turn, the pronouncements of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights against the justiciability direct labor rights. The result obtained was concentrated on evidencing conflicting interpretations of the Colombian High Courts and sustaining that the Inter-American Court has adopted a progressive position in relation to Article 26 of the ACHR, which shows a robust protection scenario, but also the challenges that are faced today.