cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A General Nonlinear Fokker-Planck Equation and its Associated Entropy
Creators: name: Schwammle, Veit
name: Curado, Evaldo M. F.
name: Nobre, Fernando D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently introduced nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, derived directly from a master equation, comes out as a very general tool to describe phenomenologically systems presenting complex behavior, like anomalous diffusion, in the presence of external forces. Such an equation is characterized by a nonlinear diffusion term that may present, in general, two distinct powers of the probability distribution. Herein, we calculate the stationary-state distributions of this equation in some special cases, and introduce associated classes of generalized entropies in order to satisfy the H-theorem. Within this approach, the parameters associated with the transition rates of the original master-equation are related to such generalized entropies, and are shown to obey some restrictions. Some particular cases are discussed.
description: 17 pages, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. B
Unraveling current-induced dissociation mechanisms in single-molecule junctions
Creators: name: Ke, Yaling
name: Erpenbeck, André
name: Peskin, Uri
name: Thoss, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding current-induced bond rupture in single-molecule junctions is both of fundamental interest and a prerequisite for the design of molecular junctions, which are stable at higher bias voltages. In this work, we use a fully quantum mechanical method based on the hierarchical quantum master equation approach to analyze the dissociation mechanisms in molecular junctions. Considering a wide range of transport regimes, from off-resonant to resonant, non-adiabatic to adiabatic transport, and weak to strong vibronic coupling, our systematic study identifies three dissociation mechanisms. In the weak and intermediate vibronic coupling regime, the dominant dissociation mechanism is stepwise vibrational ladder climbing. For strong vibronic coupling, dissociation is induced via multi-quantum vibrational excitations triggered either by a single electronic transition at high bias voltages or by multiple electronic transitions at low biases. Furthermore, the influence of vibrational relaxation on the dissociation dynamics is analyzed and strategies for improving the stability of molecular junctions are discussed.
Conduction electron spin-lattice relaxation time in the MgB2 superconductor
Creators: name: Simon, F.
name: Murányi, F.
name: Fehér, T.
name: Jánossy, A.
name: Forró, L.
name: Petrovic, C.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Canfield, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-lattice relaxation time, $T_{1}$, of conduction electrons is measured as a function of temperature and magnetic field in MgB$_2$. The method is based on the detection of the $z$ component of the conduction electron magnetization under electron spin resonance conditions with amplitude modulated microwave excitation. Measurement of $T_{1}$ below $T_c$ at 0.32 T allows to disentangle contributions from the two Fermi surfaces of MgB$_{2}$ as this field restores normal state on the Fermi surface part with $π$ symmetry only.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Pulsar kicks by anisotropic neutrino emission from quark matter
Creators: name: Sagert, I.
name: Schaffner-Bielich, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss an acceleration mechanism for pulsars out of their supernova remnants based on asymmetric neutrino emission from quark matter in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The polarized electron spin fixes the neutrino emission from the direct quark Urca process in one direction along the magnetic field. We calculate the magnetic field strength which is required to polarize the electron spin as well as the required initial proto-neutron star temperature for a successfull acceleration mechanism. In addition we discuss the neutrino mean free paths in quark as well as in neutron matter which turn out to be very small. Consequently, the high neutrino interaction rates will wash out the asymmetry in neutrino emission. As a possible solution to this problem we take into account effects from colour superconductivity.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, poster contribution at the conference "Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics III",Dresden,March 26-31,2007
Modeling Accretion Disk X-ray Continuum of Black Hole Candidates
Creators: name: Pszota, Gabor
name: Cui, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critically examine issues associated with determining the fundamental properties of the black hole and the surrounding accretion disk in an X-ray binary based on modeling the disk X-ray continuum of the source. We base our work mainly on two XMM-Newton observations of GX 339-4, because they provided high-quality data at low energies (below 1 keV) which are critical for reliably modeling the spectrum of the accretion disk. A key issue examined is the determination of the so-called "color correction factor", which is often empirically introduced to account for the deviation of the local disk spectrum from a blackbody (due to electron scattering). This factor cannot be pre-determined theoretically because it may vary with, e.g., mass accretion rate, among a number of important factors. We follow up on an earlier suggestion to estimate the color correction observationally by modeling the disk spectrum with saturated Compton scattering. We show that the spectra can be fitted well and the approach yields reasonable values for the color correction factor. For comparison, we have also attempted to fit the spectra with other models. We show that even the high-soft-state continuum (which is dominated by the disk emission) cannot be satisfactorily fitted by state-of-the-art disk models. We discuss the implication of the results.
description: - final journal version: typos, wordings refined, commas, added missing reference - 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ Changes: fig4b was not the right graph, wrong chi squared/dof numbers at one place. (doesn't make significant difference)
The formation of the Milky Way halo and its dwarf satellites: a NLTE-1D abundance analysis. IV. Segue 1, Triangulum II, and Coma Berenices UFDs
Creators: name: Sitnova, T. M.
name: Mashonkina, L. I.
name: Tatarnikov, A. M.
name: Voziakova, O. V.
name: Burlak, M. A.
name: Pakhomov, Yu. V.
name: Jablonka, P.
name: Neretina, M. D.
name: Frebel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present atmospheric parameters and abundances for chemical elements from carbon to barium in metal-poor stars in Segue 1 (seven stars), Coma Berenices (three stars), and Triangulum II (one star) ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). The effective temperatures rely on new photometric observations in the visible and infra-red bands, obtained with the 2.5 m telescope of the SAI MSU Caucasian observatory. Abundances of up to fourteen chemical elements were derived under the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation, and LTE abundances were obtained for up to five more elements. For the first time we present abundance of oxygen in Seg 1 S1 and S4, silicon in ComaBer S2 and Tri II S40, potassium in Seg 1 S1-S6 and ComaBer S1-S3, and barium in Seg 1 S7. Three stars in Segue 1, two stars in Coma Berenices, and Triangulum II star have very low [Na/Mg] of -1.08 to -1.67 dex, which is usually attributed in the literature to an odd-even effect produced by nucleosynthesis in massive metal-free stars. We interpret this chemical property as a footprint of first stars, which is not blurred due to a small number of nucleosynthesis events that contributed to chemical abundance patterns of the sample stars. Our NLTE abundances of Sr and Ba in Coma Berenices, Segue 1, and Triangulum II report on lower [Sr/Ba] abundance ratio in the UFDs compared to that in classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies and the Milky Way halo. However, in UFDs, just as in massive galaxies, [Sr/Ba] is not constant and it can be higher than the pure r-process ratio. We suggest a hypothesis of Sr production in metal-poor binaries at the earliest epoch of galactic evolution.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
Constraining effective equation of state in $f(Q,T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Arora, Simran
name: Parida, Abhishek
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New high-precision observations are now possible to constrain different gravity theories. To examine the accelerated expansion of the Universe, we used the newly proposed $f(Q,T)$ gravity, where $Q$ is the non-metricity, and $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. The investigation is carried out using a parameterized effective equation of state with two parameters, $m$ and $n$. We have also considered the linear form of $f(Q,T)= Q+bT$, where $b$ is constant. By constraining the model with the recently published 1048 Pantheon sample, we were able to find the best fitting values for the parameters $b$, $m$, and $n$. The model appears to be in good agreement with the observations. Finally, we analyzed the behavior of the deceleration parameter and equation of state parameter. The results support the feasibility of $f(Q,T)$ as a promising theory of gravity, illuminating a new direction towards explaining the Universe's dark sector.
description: Revision submitted to EPJC
title: Bulletin de la Société Paul Claudel. 2015 - 1, n° 215
title: Paul Claudel et André Gide
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unap)
Publisher: name: Classiques Garnier
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Correspondance Paul Claudel-André Gide
subject: Paul Claudel et la NRF
subject: Relations entre Paul Claudel et André Gide
subject: Camille Claudel au Japon
subject: Le Soulier de satin et l'art moderne

description: Contributeurs : Christèle Barbier, Pierre Masson, Marie-Victoire Nantet, Peter Schnyder, Michel Wasserman, Jean-Michel Wittmann
Research for Society - The New World of Public Engagement, Citizen Science, Community and Civic Action
Creators: name: Doyle, Linda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The talk will begin by looking at why research matters to society. It will look at the invisible (often times digital) forces shaping our daily lives to show how important it is that these are firstly understood and secondly driven in the direction that is best for our world. To look at these forces topics such as Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, new forms of currency among others will feature. The talk will go on to look the role of the citizen in developing this understanding and interrogating the physical and digital world around us.  It will explore how co-creation of research can be facilitated through creative arts practices as well as more traditional research methodologies and understand new forms of civic action that might take place. It will finish by looking at how the library of today and the library of the future sits within this space.
Inapproximability of Maximum Weighted Edge Biclique and Its Applications
Creators: name: Tan, Jinsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.0

description: Given a bipartite graph $G = (V_1,V_2,E)$ where edges take on {\it both} positive and negative weights from set $\mathcal{S}$, the {\it maximum weighted edge biclique} problem, or $\mathcal{S}$-MWEB for short, asks to find a bipartite subgraph whose sum of edge weights is maximized. This problem has various applications in bioinformatics, machine learning and databases and its (in)approximability remains open. In this paper, we show that for a wide range of choices of $\mathcal{S}$, specifically when $| \frac{\min\mathcal{S}} {\max \mathcal{S}} | \in Ω(η^{δ-1/2}) \cap O(η^{1/2-δ})$ (where $η= \max\{|V_1|, |V_2|\}$, and $δ\in (0,1/2]$), no polynomial time algorithm can approximate $\mathcal{S}$-MWEB within a factor of $n^ε$ for some $ε> 0$ unless $\mathsf{RP = NP}$. This hardness result gives justification of the heuristic approaches adopted for various applied problems in the aforementioned areas, and indicates that good approximation algorithms are unlikely to exist. Specifically, we give two applications by showing that: 1) finding statistically significant biclusters in the SAMBA model, proposed in \cite{Tan02} for the analysis of microarray data, is $n^ε$-inapproximable; and 2) no polynomial time algorithm exists for the Minimum Description Length with Holes problem \cite{Bu05} unless $\mathsf{RP=NP}$.
Modeling the Optical Cherenkov Signals by Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Showers Directly Observed from Sub-Orbital and Orbital Altitudes
Creators: name: Cummings, Austin
name: Aloisio, Roberto
name: Eser, Johannes
name: Krizmanic, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future experiments based on the observation of Earth's atmosphere from sub-orbital and orbital altitudes plan to include optical Cherenkov cameras to observe extensive air showers produced by high-energy cosmic radiation via its interaction with both the Earth and its atmosphere. As discussed elsewhere, particularly relevant is the case of upward-moving showers initiated by astrophysical neutrinos skimming and interacting in the Earth. The Cherenkov cameras, by looking above Earth's limb, can also detect cosmic rays with energies starting from less than a PeV up to the highest energies (tens of EeV). Using a customized computation scheme to determine the expected optical Cherenkov signal from these high-energy cosmic rays, we estimate the sensitivity and event rate for balloon-borne and satellite-based instruments, focusing our analysis on the Extreme Universe Space Observatory aboard a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) and the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) experiments. We find the expected event rates to be larger than hundreds of events per hour of experimental live time, enabling a promising overall test of the Cherenkov detection technique from sub-orbital and orbital altitudes as well as a guaranteed signal that can be used for understanding the response of the instrument.
Perspectives on Beam-Shaping Optimization for Thermal-Noise Reduction in Advanced Gravitational-Wave Interferometric Detectors: Bounds, Profiles, and Critical Parameters
Creators: name: Pierro, Vincenzo
name: Galdi, Vincenzo
name: Castaldi, Giuseppe
name: Pinto, Innocenzo M.
name: Agresti, Juri
name: DeSalvo, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Suitable shaping (in particular, flattening and broadening) of the laser beam has recently been proposed as an effective device to reduce internal (mirror) thermal noise in advanced gravitational wave interferometric detectors. Based on some recently published analytic approximations (valid in the infinite-test-mass limit) for the Brownian and thermoelastic mirror noises in the presence of arbitrary-shaped beams, this paper addresses certain preliminary issues related to the optimal beam-shaping problem. In particular, with specific reference to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) experiment, absolute and realistic lower-bounds for the various thermal noise constituents are obtained and compared with the current status (Gaussian beams) and trends ("mesa" beams), indicating fairly ample margins for further reduction. In this framework, the effective dimension of the related optimization problem, and its relationship to the critical design parameters are identified, physical-feasibility and model-consistency issues are considered, and possible additional requirements and/or prior information exploitable to drive the subsequent optimization process are highlighted.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Force unfolding kinetics of RNA using optical tweezers. I. Effects of experimental variables on measured results
Creators: name: Wen, J. -D.
name: Manosas, M.
name: Li, P. T. X.
name: Smith, S. B.
name: Bustamante, C.
name: Ritort, F.
name: Tinoco, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Experimental variables of optical tweezers instrumentation that affect RNA folding/unfolding kinetics were investigated. A model RNA hairpin, P5ab, was attached to two micron-sized beads through hybrid RNA/DNA handles; one bead was trapped by dual-beam lasers and the other was held by a micropipette. Several experimental variables were changed while measuring the unfolding/refolding kinetics, including handle lengths, trap stiffness, and modes of force applied to the molecule. In constant-force mode where the tension applied to the RNA was maintained through feedback control, the measured rate coefficients varied within 40% when the handle lengths were changed by 10 fold (1.1 to 10.2 Kbp); they increased by two- to three-fold when the trap stiffness was lowered to one third (from 0.1 to 0.035 pN/nm). In the passive mode, without feedback control and where the force applied to the RNA varied in response to the end-to-end distance change of the tether, the RNA hopped between a high-force folded-state and a low-force unfolded-state. In this mode, the rates increased up to two-fold with longer handles or softer traps. Overall, the measured rates remained with the same order-of-magnitude over the wide range of conditions studied. In the companion paper (1), we analyze how the measured kinetics parameters differ from the intrinsic molecular rates of the RNA, and thus how to obtain the molecular rates.
description: PDF file, 30 pages, 7 figures
Data-Free Knowledge Distillation for Heterogeneous Federated Learning
Creators: name: Zhu, Zhuangdi
name: Hong, Junyuan
name: Zhou, Jiayu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine-learning paradigm, in which a global server iteratively averages the model parameters of local users without accessing their data. User heterogeneity has imposed significant challenges to FL, which can incur drifted global models that are slow to converge. Knowledge Distillation has recently emerged to tackle this issue, by refining the server model using aggregated knowledge from heterogeneous users, other than directly averaging their model parameters. This approach, however, depends on a proxy dataset, making it impractical unless such a prerequisite is satisfied. Moreover, the ensemble knowledge is not fully utilized to guide local model learning, which may in turn affect the quality of the aggregated model. Inspired by the prior art, we propose a data-free knowledge distillation} approach to address heterogeneous FL, where the server learns a lightweight generator to ensemble user information in a data-free manner, which is then broadcasted to users, regulating local training using the learned knowledge as an inductive bias. Empirical studies powered by theoretical implications show that, our approach facilitates FL with better generalization performance using fewer communication rounds, compared with the state-of-the-art.
Giant Planet Migration in Viscous Power-Law Discs
Creators: name: Edgar, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many extra-solar planets discovered over the past decade are gas giants in tight orbits around their host stars. Due to the difficulties of forming these `hot Jupiters' in situ, they are generally assumed to have migrated to their present orbits through interactions with their nascent discs. In this paper, we present a systematic study of giant planet migration in power law discs. We find that the planetary migration rate is proportional to the disc surface density. This is inconsistent with the assumption that the migration rate is simply the viscous drift speed of the disc. However, this result can be obtained by balancing the angular momentum of the planet with the viscous torque in the disc. We have verified that this result is not affected by adjusting the resolution of the grid, the smoothing length used, or the time at which the planet is released to migrate.
description: Accepted by ApJ Figures adjusted for astro-ph
Resonant control of photoelectron directionality by interfering one- and two-photon pathways
Creators: name: Wang, Yimeng
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent control of interfering one- and two-photon processes has for decades been the subject of research to achieve the redirection of photocurrent. The present study develops two-pathway coherent control of ground state helium atom above-threshold photoionization for energies up to the $N=2$ threshold, based on a multichannel quantum defect and R-matrix calculation. Three parameters are controlled in our treatment: the optical interference phase $ΔΦ$, the reduced electric field strength $χ=\mathcal{E}_ω^2/{\mathcal{E}_{2ω}}$, and the final state energy $ε$. A small energy change near a resonance is shown to flip the emission direction of photoelectrons with high efficiency, through an example where $90\%$ of photoelectrons whose energy is near the $2p^2\ ^1S^e$ resonance flip their emission direction. However, the large fraction of photoelectrons ionized at the intermediate state energy, which are not influenced by the optical control, make this control scheme challenging to realize experimentally.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Testing turbulence model at metric scales with mid-infrared VISIR images at the VLT
Creators: name: Tokovinin, A.
name: Sarazin, M.
name: Smette, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We probe turbulence structure from centimetric to metric scales by simultaneous imagery at mid-infrared and visible wavelengths at the VLT telescope and show that it departs significantly from the commonly used Kolmogorov model. The data can be fitted by the von Karman model with an outer scale of the order of 30 m and we see clear signs of the phase structure function saturation across the 8-m VLT aperture. The image quality improves in the infrared faster than the standard lambda^{-1/5} scaling and may be diffraction-limited at 30-m apertures even without adaptive optics at wavelengths longer than 8 micron.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 8 pages, 11 figures
Quenched lattice calculation of the B --> D l nu decay rate
Creators: name: de Divitiis, G. M.
name: Molinaro, E.
name: Petronzio, R.
name: Tantalo, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate, in the continuum limit of quenched lattice QCD, the form factor that enters in the decay rate of the semileptonic decay B --> D l nu. Making use of the step scaling method (SSM), previously introduced to handle two scale problems in lattice QCD, and of flavour twisted boundary conditions we extract G(w) at finite momentum transfer and at the physical values of the heavy quark masses. Our results can be used in order to extract the CKM matrix element Vcb by the experimental decay rate without model dependent extrapolations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication on Phys. Lett. B, corrected one typo
Pyrite oxidation inhibition by hydrophobic films for acid mine drainage control at the source
Creators: name: Wang, Shuncai
name: Zhao, Yue
name: Li, Shuang
Publisher: name: Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2019
Subjects: hydrophobic film, pyrite, suppression, linoleic acid, acid mine drainage

description: Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; ISSN 2084-4735
Density dependence of the symmetry energy and the nuclear equation of state: A Dynamical and Statistical model perspective
Creators: name: Shetty, D. V.
name: Yennello, S. J.
name: Souliotis, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density dependence of the symmetry energy in the equation of state of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter is of significant importance for studying the structure of systems as diverse as the neutron-rich nuclei and the neutron stars. A number of reactions using the dynamical and the statistical models of multifragmentation, and the experimental isoscaling observable, is studied to extract information on the density dependence of the symmetry energy. It is observed that the dynamical and the statistical model calculations give consistent results assuming the sequential decay effect in dynamical model to be small. A comparison with several other independent studies is also made to obtain important constraint on the form of the density dependence of the symmetry energy. The comparison rules out an extremely " stiff " and " soft " form of the density dependence of the symmetry energy with important implications for astrophysical and nuclear physics studies.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
On the Binary-Neutron-Star Post-Merger Magnetar Origin of XRT 210423
Creators: name: Ai, Shunke
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: XRT 201423 is an X-ray transient with a nearly flat plateau lasting 4.1 ks followed by a steep decay. This feature indicates that it might come from a magnetar formed through a binary neutron star merger, similar to CDF-S XT2 and as predicted as a type of electromagnetic counterpart of binary neutron star mergers. We test the compliance of the data with this model and use the observed duration and flux of the X-ray signal as well as upper limits of optical emission to pose constraints on the parameters of the underlying putative magnetar. Both the free-zone and trapped-zone geometric configurations are considered. We find that the data are generally consistent with such a model. The surface dipolar magnetic field and the ellipticity of the magnetar should satisfy $B_p < 7\times 10^{14}{\rm G}$ ($B_p < 4.9 \times 10^{14}{\rm G}$) and $ε< 1.5 \times 10^{-3}$ ($ε< 1.1 \times 10^{-3}$) under free zone (trapped zone) configurations, respectively. An upper limit on the distance (e.g. $z < 0.55$ with $η_x = 10^{-4}$ or $z < 3.5$ with $η_x = 10^{-2}$) can be derived from the X-ray data which depends on the X-ray dissipation efficiency $η_x$ of the spin-down luminosity. The non-detection of an optical counterpart places a conservative lower limit on the distance of the source, i.e. $z > 0.045$ regardless of the geometric configuration.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Low-loss grating for coupling to a high-finesse cavity
Creators: name: Bunkowski, A.
name: Burmeister, O.
name: Beyersdorf, P.
name: Danzmann, K.
name: Schnabel, R.
name: Clausnitzer, T.
name: Kley, E. -B.
name: Tünnermann, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A concept for a low loss all-reflective cavity coupler is experimentally demonstrated at a wavelength of 1064 nm. A 1450 nm period dielectric reflection grating with a diffraction efficiency of 0.58 % in the -1st order is used in 2nd order Littrow configuration as a coupler to form a cavity with a finesse of 400. The application of such reflective low-loss cavity couplers in future generations of gravitational-wave detectors as well as some implementation issues are discussed.
Competitive nucleation and the Ostwald rule in a generalized Potts model with multiple metastable phases
Creators: name: Sanders, David P.
name: Larralde, Hernán
name: Leyvraz, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple nearest-neighbor spin model with multiple metastable phases, the number and decay pathways of which are explicitly controlled by the parameters of the system. With this model we can construct, for example, a system which evolves through an arbitrarily long succession of metastable phases. We also construct systems in which different phases may nucleate competitively from a single initial phase. For such a system, we present a general method to extract from numerical simulations the individual nucleation rates of the nucleating phases. The results show that the Ostwald rule, which predicts which phase will nucleate, must be modified probabilistically when the new phases are almost equally stable. Finally, we show that the nucleation rate of a phase depends, among other things, on the number of other phases accessible from it.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Version with one higher-quality figure available at http://www.fis.unam.mx/~dsanders/publications.html v2: Corrected labels on inset of figure 3. v3: Corrected link
Characterization of the human ceruloplasmin cDNA and gene
Creators: name: Koschinsky, Marlys Laverne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A cDNA for human ceruloplasmin was identified in a human liver cDNA library by screening with mixtures of synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to two regions of the ceruloplasmin mRNA. The resulting clone (phCP-1) contained DNA coding for amino acid residues 202 - 1046 of the protein, followed by a 3' untranslated region of 123 bp and a poly(A) tail. To isolate additional clones extending in a 5' direction, two randomly-primed human liver cDNA libraries were constructed in the bacteriophage vectors λgt10 and λgtll. From the former library, a clone was isolated (λhCP-1) that contained DNA coding for a putative signal peptide consisting of 19 amino acid residues, followed by DNA encoding residues 1 - 380 of plasma ceruloplasmin. From the λgtll library, six ceruloplasmin cDNA clones were purified, two of which were shown to contain 10 and 38 bp of non-coding sequence extending 5' to λhCP-1. Blot hybridization analysis using cDNA probes showed that ceruloplasmin mRNA from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 is 3700 nucleotides in size, while human liver RNA contained an additional hybridizing species of 4500 nucleotides in size. Ceruloplasmin genomic DNA clones (spanning a region of approximately 45 Kbp) were obtained by the screening of several human genomic phage libraries using cDNA probes. These clones were initially characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping. Using DNA sequence analysis, the positions of intron/exon boundaries were determined. To date, 14 exons (average size of 183 bp) have been identified in the ceruloplasmin gene, corresponding to nucleotide residues 1 - 2565 of the coding sequence. The majority of the 14 introns localized within this region were located in analogous positions in the factor VIII gene, thereby suggesting that these two proteins have evolved from a common ancestral gene. At least 4 exons have been localized within the 5' untranslated region of the human ceruloplasmin gene, although typical eukaryotic promoter elements have not yet been identified. The significance of this novel organization remains unclear at present. In addition to the wild-type gene, a processed pseudogene for human ceruloplasmin was identified and contained DNA corresponding to the functional gene sequence encoding the carboxy-terminal 563 amino acid residues and the 3' untranslated region. The pseudogene appears to have arisen from a processed RNA species, since intervening sequences coincident with those of the functional gene have been removed with the exception of a short segment of intronic sequence which denotes the 5' boundary of the pseudogene. Based on genomic Southern blot anlysis performed under high stringency conditions, the pseudogene seems to comprise the only sequence in the human genome that is closely related to the wild-type gene. Using somatic cell hybridization, the pseudogene was localized to human chromosome 8; this differs from the location of the wild-type ceruloplasmin gene, which has been mapped to chromosome 3.
Exploratory evaluation of politeness in human-robot interaction
Creators: name: Kumar, Shikhar
name: Itzhak, Eliran
name: Olatunji, Samuel
name: Sarne-Fleischmann, Vardit
name: Tractinsky, Noam
name: Nimrod, Galit
name: Edan, Yael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Aiming to explore the impact of politeness on Human robot interaction, this study tested varying levels of politeness in a human robot collaborative table setting task. Polite behaviour was designed based on the politeness rules of Lakoff. A graphical user interface was developed for the interaction with the robot offering three levels of politeness, and an experiment was conducted with 20 older adults and 30 engineering students. Results indicated that the quality of interaction was influenced by politeness as participants significantly preferred the polite mode of the robot. However, the older adults were less able to distinguish between the three politeness levels. Future studies should thus include pre experiment training to increase the familiarity of the older adults with robotic technology. These studies should also include other permutations of the politeness rules of Lakoff.
Magnetic susceptibility of the two-dimensional Hubbard model using a power series for the hopping constant
Creators: name: Sherman, Alexei
name: Schreiber, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic susceptibility of the two-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor hopping is investigated using the diagram technique developed for the case of strong correlations. In this technique a power series in the hopping constant is used. At half-filling the calculated zero-frequency susceptibility and the square of the site spin reproduce adequately results of Monte Carlo simulations. Also in agreement with numerical simulations no evidence of ferromagnetic correlations was found in the considered range of electron concentrations $0.8\alt\bar{n}\alt 1.2$ for the repulsion parameters $8|t|\leq U\leq 16|t|$. However, for larger $U/|t|$ and $|1-\bar{n}|\approx 0.2$ the nearest neighbor correlations become ferromagnetic. For $\bar{n}\alt 0.94$ and $\bar{n}\agt 1.06$ the imaginary part of the real-frequency susceptibility becomes incommensurate for small frequencies. The incommensurability parameter grows with departure from half-filling and decreases with increasing the frequency. This behavior of the susceptibility can explain the observed low-frequency incommensurate response observed in normal-state lanthanum cuprates.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Contrasting Two Transformation-Based Methods for Obtaining Absolute Extrema
Creators: name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
name: Leitmann, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J15; 49M30

description: In this note we contrast two transformation-based methods to deduce absolute extrema and the corresponding extremizers. Unlike variation-based methods, the transformation-based ones of Carlson and Leitmann and the recent one of Silva and Torres are direct in that they permit obtaining solutions by inspection.
description: 9 pages
Wave function of the Universe in the early stage of its evolution
Creators: name: Maydanyuk, Sergei P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum cosmological models, constructed in the framework of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metrics, a nucleation of the Universe with its further expansion is described as a tunneling transition through an effective barrier between regions with small and large values of the scale factor $a$ at non-zero (or zero) energy. The approach for describing this tunneling consists of constructing a wave function satisfying an appropriate boundary condition. There are various ways for defining the boundary condition that lead to different estimates of the barrier penetrability and the tunneling time. In order to describe the escape from the tunneling region as accurately as possible and to construct the total wave function on the basis of its two partial solutions unambiguously, we use the tunneling boundary condition that the total wave function must represent only the outgoing wave at the point of escape from the barrier, where the following definition for the wave is introduced: the wave is represented by the wave function whose modulus changes minimally under a variation of the scale factor $a$. We construct a new method for a direct non-semiclassical calculation of the total stationary wave function of the Universe, analyze the behavior of this wave function in the tunneling region, near the escape point and in the asymptotic region, and estimate the barrier penetrability. We observe oscillations of modulus of wave function in the external region starting from the turning point which decrease with increasing of $a$ and which are not shown in semiclassical calculations. The period of such an oscillation decreases uniformly with increasing $a$ and can be used as a fully quantum dynamical characteristic of the expansion of the Universe.
description: 19 pages, 21 files for 10 EPS figures, LaTeX svjour style. The Sec.2 (formalism of Wheeler-De Witt equation) is reduced. In Sec.3.1 definition of the outgoing wave from barrier is defined more accurately. In Sec.4.1 semiclassical calculations of wavew function and penetrability are performed and comparison with results in fully quantum approach is added
Application of Ewald summations to long-range dispersion forces
Creators: name: Veld, Pieter J. in 't
name: Ismail, Ahmed E.
name: Grest, Gary S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results illustrating the effects of using explicit summation terms for the $r^{-6}$ dispersion term on the interfacial properties of a Lennard-Jones fluid and SPC/E water. For the Lennard-Jones fluid, we find that the use of long-range summations, even with a short ``crossover radius,'' yields results that are consistent with simulations using large cutoff radii. Simulations of SPC/E water demonstrate that the long-range dispersion forces are of secondary importance to the Coulombic forces. In both cases, we find that the ratio of box size $L_{\parallel}$ to crossover radius $r_{\rm c}^{\mathbf k}$ plays an important role in determining the magnitude of the long-range dispersion correction, although its effect is secondary when Coulombic interactions are also present.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted by J. Chem. Phys. v. 2: Expanded discussion of results, definitions added, performance comparison for water added
AUTHENTICITY VERSUS EXPLOITATION: HOW CORPORATE AMERICA COMMUNICATES WITH LGBTQ+ AUDIENCES ON INSTAGRAM
Creators: name: Jaquez, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pride month
LGBTQ+ communication
Instagram
CSR
CSA
social media marketing

description: The past few years have seen an increase in public support for the LGBTQ+ community from large, influential companies that have historically marginalized queer folks and contributed to their erasure on media platforms. This thesis aims to analyze and critique how these fortune 500 companies use discourse and symbols to strategically communicate with LGBTQ+ audiences on social media. Few studies exist that investigate the link between LGBTQ+ support and social media marketing for fortune 500 companies. This thesis addresses the literature gap by critically analyzing how major companies use LGBTQ+ activism as a social media marketing tactic. A critical discourse analysis was conducted on 90 Instagram posts from consumer-facing Fortune 500 companies with 750,000 followers or more. The findings demonstrated that two strategies were used to communicate with LGBTQ+ audiences: brand-focused appeals and person-focused appeals. Brand-focused appeals, employed by 66% of companies in the sample, used images of company products and logos, and promotional language. Person-focused appeals, utilized by 34% of companies, used images of LGBTQ+ people as the main subject of the post and discourse that highlighted the queer experience. Person-focused appeals were found to be more authentic but still lacking in inclusiveness and normalization. These results suggest that communications practitioners invested in successfully communicating with LGBTQ+ audiences should use person-focused appeals year-round that highlight the true diversity of the LGBTQ+ community.
Hydrochemical interactions of phoretic particles: a regularized multipole framework
Creators: name: Rojas-Perez, Francisco
name: Delmotte, Blaise
name: Michelin, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemically-active colloids modify the concentration of chemical solutes surrounding them in order to self-propel. In doing so, they generate long-ranged hydrodynamic flows and chemical gradients that modify the trajectories of other particles. As a result, the dynamics of reactive suspensions is fundamentally governed by hydro-chemical interactions. A full solution of the detailed hydro-chemical problem with many particles is challenging and computationally expensive. Most current methods rely on the Green's functions of the Laplace and Stokes operators to approximate the particle signatures in the far-field, which is only valid in the very dilute limit in simple geometries. To overcome these limitations, we propose a regularized mutipole framework, directly inspired by the Force Coupling Method (FCM), to model phoretic suspensions. Our approach, called Diffusio-phoretic FCM (DFCM), relies on grid-based volume averages of the concentration field to compute the particle surface concentration moments. These moments define the chemical multipoles of the diffusion (Laplace) problem and provide the swimming forcing of the Stokes equations. Unlike far-field models based on singularity superposition, DFCM accounts for mutually-induced dipoles. The accuracy of the method is evaluated against exact and accurate numerical solutions for a few canonical cases. We also quantify its improvements over far-field approximations for a wide range of inter-particle distances. The resulting framework can readily be implemented into efficient CFD solvers, allowing for large scale simulations of semi-dilute diffusio-phoretic suspensions.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, to appear in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics
BLOFF: A Blockchain based Forensic Model in IoT
Creators: name: Agbedanu, Promise
name: Jurcut, Anca Delia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this era of explosive growth in technology, the internet of things (IoT) has become the game changer when we consider technologies like smart homes and cities, smart energy, security and surveillance, and healthcare. The numerous benefits provided by IoT have become attractive technologies for users and cybercriminals. Cybercriminals of today have the tools and the technology to deploy millions of sophisticated attacks. These attacks need to be investigated; this is where digital forensics comes into play. However, it is not easy to conduct a forensic investigation in IoT systems because of the heterogeneous nature of the IoT environment. Additionally, forensic investigators mostly rely on evidence from service providers, a situation that can lead to evidence contamination. To solve this problem, the authors proposed a blockchain-based IoT forensic model that prevents the admissibility of tampered logs into evidence.
Artificial Intelligence for Social Good in Responsible Global Citizenship Education: An Inclusive Democratized Low-Code Approach (19-21 of February 2021 in Vienna, Austria at the 2nd World Conference on Teaching and Education)
Creators: name: How, Meng Leong
name: Grace, Chan Yong Jiet
name: CHEAH, Sin Mei
name: Khor, Aik Cheow
name: Say, Eunice Mei Ping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 160506 Education Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 130399 Specialist Studies in Education not elsewhere classified

description: Although the world has become more connected than ever, inequality and poverty continue to hamper sustainable development. To surmount these challenges, UNESCO promotes Global Citizenship Education (GCED), which seeks to instill values, attitudes and behaviors in people to consider the importance of responsible global citizenship: creativity, innovation, and dedication to peace, human rights, and sustainable development. It allows students of all ages to understand that these questions are global, not local, so that they can actively promote peaceful, tolerant, inclusive, safe, and sustainable societies. This paper shows how a user-friendly low-code human-centric probabilistic approach can be used to democratize AI usage so that people who are not computer scientists may also use AI for social good through this inclusiveness. The exemplars in this paper illustrate how an inclusive low-code human-centric probabilistic reasoning approach can be employed in the predictive modeling of social issues that are concerned with GCED. They include (1) global sustainable development, (2) ameliorating malnutrition, and (3) advancing financial inclusion for people who are unserved by traditional banking institutions, and (4) improving food security resilience.