cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shadows from People and Tools Can Cause Permanent Damage in Monolithic Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Silverman, T.J.
name: Repins, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1422-1426
description: Monolithic thin-film modules, including CIGS, CdTe and a-Si products, can be damaged by shadows that occur during service
as a result of operations and maintenance activities. We show results from commercial modules exposed to shadows from
human bodies and from cleaning tools. These shadows all resulted in extensive formation of shunts and permanent loss of
power. Permanent loss of Pmp measured at standard test conditions ranged from 1% for single exposures to human shadows
to > 30% for multiple exposures to cleaning shadows. In every case the first event caused more damage than each subsequent
event. In some cases uniform light exposure after shadow events caused damage to worsen.
Dominant Kitaev interactions in the honeycomb materials Na$_3$Co$_2$SbO$_6$ and Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$
Creators: name: Sanders, Alaric L.
name: Mole, Richard A.
name: Liu, Jiatu
name: Brown, Alex J.
name: Yu, Dehong
name: Ling, Chris D.
name: Rachel, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cobaltates with 3$d$ based layered honeycomb structure were recently proposed as Kitaev magnets and putative candidates to host the long-sought Kitaev spin liquid. Here we present inelastic neutron scattering results down to 50 mK for powder samples of Na$_3$Co$_2$SbO$_6$ and Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$, with high resolution in regions of low momentum and energy transfers. We compare the experimental data below the antiferromagnetic zigzag ordering temperature with dynamical structure factors obtained within spin wave theory. We search the wide parameter range of a $K$-$J_1$-$Γ$-$Γ^{\prime}$-$J_3$ spin 1/2 model and identify the best fits to constant momentum cuts of the inelastic neutron data. The powder average limits the selection of a unique parameter set for each material, but we see clear trends towards ferromagnetic Kitaev exchange in both compounds, and ratios $|K/J_1|$ could be as large as $5\ldots 25$; in contrast, antiferromagnetic Kitaev exchange cannot be ruled out, but requires a fine-tuning of all involved spin exchange couplings with only moderate ratio $|K/J_1| \sim 1$. Our experimental data are incompatible with a purely isotropic Heisenberg model.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Update on Rankings of Conversion Efficiencies and Energy Yield of Micro-Inverters, Including Inverters for Two PV Modules
Creators: name: Krauter, S.
name: Bendfeld, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
Inverters and Balance of System Components

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1477-1481
description: To compare efficiency and yield of most micro-inverters available on the world market in 20142017,
an in- and outdoor test laboratory at the University of Paderborn have been set up. The inverters have been fed by
identical and calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules of 215 Wp. To monitor accurately AC power output and yield,
each of the micro-inverters has been equipped with a calibrated precision electricity meter. For micro-inverters
requiring control units for grid-feeding that has been acquired also. The comparison includes energy yield over one to
two years and efficiency-load characteristics. Purchase costs vary considerably between the models in comparison,
sometimes inverter costs are higher than module costs, particularly if an additional grid-connection or interface device
is necessary for operation. The weighted conversion efficiency according to EU and CEC standards has been measured
and compiled. While some inverters have been optimized for high irradiance levels, they ranked better at the CEC
efficiency, others performed very well also for low irradiance levels, thus ranking higher at in the EU-efficiency tables.
These results deviated from the actual energy yield measurements, which showed a slightly different ranking. One
device showed an extreme deviation of the efficiency rating from the yield results. An accurate but very slow MPPT
algorithm that hardly could follow quickly changing irradiance conditions has possibly caused this effect. Apparently,
some inverters are been optimized to show excellent EU and CEC efficiency ratings. The new inverters featuring two
inputs did not show an exceptional performance at the EU- and CEC-ratings (ranking 58 only), but they achieved rank
1 and 2 at the AC energy yield ranking. For the customer the AC yield is a major performance indicator of the microinverter
and should be included in the datasheet. Further investigations are on the way, including degradation and
temperature effects
Renormalization group flow of the Luttinger-Ward functional: conserving approximations and application to the Anderson impurity model
Creators: name: Rentrop, Jan Frederik
name: Meden, Volker
name: Jakobs, Severin Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the renormalization group flow of the Luttinger-Ward functional and of its two-particle irreducible vertex functions, given a cut-off in the two-particle interaction. We derive a conserving approximation to the flow and relate it to the fluctuation exchange approximation as well as to non-conserving approximations introduced in an earlier publication ctuation exchange approximation as well as to nonconserving approximations introducen [J. F. Rentrop, S. G. Jakobs, and V. Meden, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 48, 145002 (2015)]. We apply the different approximate flow equations to the single impurity Anderson model in thermal equilibrium at vanishing temperature. Numerical results for the effective mass, the spin susceptibility, the charge susceptibility, and the linear conductance reflect the similarity of the methods to the fluctuation exchange approximation. We find the majority of the approximations to deviate stronger from the exact results than one-particle irreducible functional renormalization group schemes. However, we identify a simple static two-particle irreducible flow scheme which performs remarkably well and produces an exponential Kondo-like scale in the renormalized level position.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures, 16 plots
Transfer matrices of rational spin chains via novel BGG-type resolutions
Creators: name: Frassek, Rouven
name: Karpov, Ivan
name: Tsymbaliuk, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain BGG-type formulas for transfer matrices of irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the classical Lie algebras $\mathfrak{g}$, whose highest weight is a multiple of a fundamental one and which can be lifted to the representations over the Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{g})$. These transfer matrices are expressed in terms of transfer matrices of certain infinite-dimensional highest weight representations (such as parabolic Verma modules and their generalizations) in the auxiliary space. We further factorise the corresponding infinite-dimensional transfer matrices into the products of two Baxter $Q$-operators, arising from our previous study (arXiv:2001.04929, arXiv:2104.14518) of the degenerate Lax matrices. Our approach is crucially based on the new BGG-type resolutions of the finite-dimensional $\mathfrak{g}$-modules, which naturally arise geometrically as the restricted duals of the Cousin complexes of relative local cohomology groups of ample line bundles on the partial flag variety $G/P$ stratified by $B_{-}$-orbits.
description: v2: 61 pages, minor corrections. v1: 61 pages; Comments are Welcome!
Topological defect network representations of fracton stabilizer codes
Creators: name: Song, Zijian
name: Dua, Arpit
name: Shirley, Wilbur
name: Williamson, Dominic J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological defect network (TDN) is formed by a network of topological defects embedded within a topological quantum field theory (TQFT). TDNs were introduced recently for the purpose of describing fracton topological phases of matter using the framework of defect TQFT. Their effectiveness has been demonstrated through numerous examples, yet a systematic construction was lacking. Here we solve this problem by formulating a method to construct TDNs for a wide range of lattice Hamiltonians. Our method takes a lattice Hamiltonian as input, applies an ungauging procedure, then creates a refined lattice within each unit cell, followed by regauging the system to produce a TDN as output. For topological Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) Pauli stabilizer models, this procedure is guaranteed to produce a phase equivalent TDN. This provides TDN representations of canonical fracton models for which no such construction was previously known, including Haah's cubic code and Yoshida's infinite family of fractal spin liquid models. We demonstrate the applicability of our method beyond CSS stabilizer models by constructing TDNs for non-CSS models including Chamon's model and the semionic X-cube model.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
In-Laminate Fatigue of Solar Cell Interconnectors: Experimental Investigation of Sensitivities
Creators: name: Pander, M.
name: Meier, R.
name: Schindler, S.
name: Zeller, U.
name: Ebert, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1457-1461
description: Fatigue of solar cell interconnectors is a serious failure mode for solar modules, as their interruption
can lead to severe loss in module power as well as safety issues (e.g. arcing). Currently early failure and design
issues are investigated by time consuming thermal cycling tests. Cyclic mechanical load testing accelerates this failure
mode.
Within this work a coupon-based in-laminate fatigue test setup is introduced and evaluated for different load/test
conditions. This includes load amplitude, frequency and test temperature. The relation between load amplitude and
cycles to failure can be described by a power law model. The results show a significant reduction of cycles to failure
at elevated temperatures. The test frequency showed a significant influence between 0.5 and 5 Hz, where higher deformation
speeds resulted in higher cycles to failure. However, between 0.05 and 0.5 Hz there were no obvious differences
in fatigue behavior. The velocity/frequency behavior needs to be considered when wind gust effects are discussed
and for the design of accelerated fatigue tests. Another crucial influencing factor is introduced by processing
conditions. Most significant for the achievable cycles to failure is the pre-deformation of the cell interconnectors, e.g.
crimp. A crimp is found to significantly reduce cycles to failure. The comparison of cycles to failure for two tabberstringers
shows significant differences. Therefore, a reliable module design needs to consider the tabber-stringer process
parameters.
Multi-scale detection of rate changes in spike trains with weak dependencies
Creators: name: Messer, Michael
name: Costa, Kauê M.
name: Roeper, Jochen
name: Schneider, Gaby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The statistical analysis of neuronal spike trains by models of point processes often relies on the assumption of constant process parameters. However, it is a well-known problem that the parameters of empirical spike trains can be highly variable, such as for example the firing rate. In order to test the null hypothesis of a constant rate and to estimate the change points, a Multiple Filter Test (MFT) and a corresponding algorithm (MFA) have been proposed that can be applied under the assumption of independent inter spike intervals (ISIs). As empirical spike trains often show weak dependencies in the correlation structure of ISIs, we extend the MFT here to point processes associated with short range dependencies. By specifically estimating serial dependencies in the test statistic, we show that the new MFT can be applied to a variety of empirical firing patterns, including positive and negative serial correlations as well as tonic and bursty firing. The new MFT is applied to a data set of empirical spike trains with serial correlations, and simulations show improved performance against methods that assume independence. In case of positive correlations, our new MFT is necessary to reduce the number of false positives, which can be highly enhanced when falsely assuming independence. For the frequent case of negative correlations, the new MFT shows an improved detection probability of change points and thus, also a higher potential of signal extraction from noisy spike trains.
description: The final publication is available at http://link.springer.com
Kombinationsanästhesie vermindert die Stressantwort auf chirurgischen Reiz
Creators: name: Dick, Anton
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Stress
subject: Epidurale
subject: Anästhesie
subject: Hämodynamik
subject: stress
subject: epidural
subject: anesthesia
subject: hemodynamic
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: YI 4904
subject: YI 4921
subject: YI 4928

description: Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Blutdruckregulation und die hormonelle Stressantwort unter Kombinationsanästhesie mit der unter Allgemeinanästhesie zu vergleichen. Methoden: 49 Patienten ohne kardiovaskuläre Vorerkrankungen wurden zufällig 2 Gruppen zugeordnet: 25 Patienten erhielten eine Kombination aus volatiler (Isofluran in Luft/Sauerstoff) und thorakaler epiduraler Anästhesie (CA-Gruppe). 24 Patienten erhielten eine balancierte Anästhesie (Isofluran in Luft/Sauerstoff und Fentanyl i.v. nach Bedarf) (BA-Gruppe). In beiden Gruppe wurde die Anästhesietiefe mittels Bispectral Index überwacht (Zielwert: 40-50). Die Blutentnahmen für die Bestimmung der Hormon-Plasmaspiegel erfolgten jeweils vor Narkoseeinleitung, 30 min vor Hautschnitt und 40 min nach Hautschnitt. Zeitverläufe wurden mit Hilfe der GLM-ANOVA Varianzanalyse, Einzelwerte mit einem t-Test für unabhängige Stichproben verglichen (p
description: Objective: To study whether there are differences regarding blood pressure regulation and hormonal response in patients receiving combined anesthesia (thoracic epidural and general anesthesia) or general anesthesia alone. Methods: 49 patients without cardiovascular diseases, scheduled for abdominal surgery, were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 25 patients received a combination of volatile anesthesia (isoflurane in oxygen/air) and thoracic epidural anesthesia (CA group); 24 patients had a balanced anesthesia (isoflurane in oxygen/air plus fentanyl i.v. as required) (BA group). In both groups, depth of anesthesia was controlled by Bispectral Index (target 40-50). Blood samples for plasma hormonal measurements were drawn before induction of anesthesia, 30 min before incision and 40 min after incision. Longitudinal data were analysed using GLM-ANOVA, and single parameters by independent samples t-test (p
How can we prevent cervical cancer in Mongolia?
Creators: name: Pecenka, Clint
name: Vodicka, Elisabeth
name: Regan, Katie
name: Luvsan, Munkh-Erdene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine

description: Researchers wanted to find out if introducing HPV vaccination in Mongolia would be a cost-effective way to prevent cervical cancer.
Estimating Discretization Error with Preset Orders of Accuracy and Fractional Refinement Ratios
Creators: name: Lo, Sharp Chim Yui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65G20

description: Verification of solutions is crucial for establishing the reliability of simulations. A central challenge is to find an accurate and reliable estimate of the discretization error. Current approaches to this estimation rely on the observed order of accuracy; however, studies have shown that it may alter irregularly or become undefined. Therefore, we propose a grid refinement method which adopts constant orders given by the user, called the Preset Orders Expansion Method (POEM). The user is guaranteed to obtain the optimal set of orders through iterations and hence an accurate estimate of the discretization error. This method evaluates the reliability of the estimation by assessing the convergence of the expansion terms, which is fundamental for all grid refinement methods. We demonstrate these capabilities using advection and diffusion problems along different refinement paths. POEM requires a lower computational cost when the refinement ratio is higher. However, the estimated error suffers from higher uncertainty due to the reduced number of shared grid points. We circumvent this by using fractional refinement ratios and the Method of Interpolating Differences between Approximate Solutions (MIDAS). As a result, we can obtain a global estimate of the discretization error of lower uncertainty at a reduced computational cost.
description: 29 pages, 15 figures
Single Side Versus Double Side Illumination Method IV Measurements for Several Types of Bifacial PV Modules
Creators: name: Roest, S.
name: Nawara, W.
name: Van Aken, B.B.
name: Garcia Goma, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1427-1431
description: As the deployment of bifacial PV modules power plants becomes a reality, it is more and more evident
that an accurate power rating of such devices is necessary to give right performance predictions for end users. For this
reason, the international community is already developing a standard to rate performance of bifacial PV modules, which
is in its draft stage. This standard considers two testing methods for such devices, the double side illumination and the
single side equivalent illumination method. The present work will experimentally perform these two methods on several
types of bifacial PV modules as well as on bifacial PV modules of the same production bin. After analyzing the results,
it is concluded that for design qualification in R&D laboratories, a double side measurement is indeed necessary on
top of the single side characterization, as the single side method can yield maximum power differences up to +1.8%
and down to -1.2% compared to double side measurements. However, in modules of the same production line these
differences reduce to +0.4% and -0.5%, and are expectable from observing the rear side behavior separately.
Pricing European Options under Stochastic Volatility Models: Case of five-Parameter Variance-Gamma Process
Creators: name: Nzokem, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper builds a Variance-Gamma (VG) model with five parameters: location ($μ$), symmetry ($δ$), volatility ($σ$), shape ($α$), and scale ($θ$); and studies its application to the pricing of European options. The results of our analysis show that the five-parameter VG model is a stochastic volatility model with a $Γ(α, θ)$ Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type process; the associated Lévy density of the VG model is a KoBoL family of order $ν=0$, intensity $α$, and steepness parameters $\fracδ{σ^2} - \sqrt{\frac{δ^2}{σ^4}+\frac{2}{θσ^2}}$ and $\fracδ{σ^2}+ \sqrt{\frac{δ^2}{σ^4}+\frac{2}{θσ^2}}$; and the VG process converges asymptotically in distribution to a Lévy process driven by a normal distribution with mean $(μ+ αθδ)$ and variance $α(θ^2δ^2 + σ^2θ)$. The data used for empirical analysis were obtained by fitting the five-parameter Variance-Gamma (VG) model to the underlying distribution of the daily SPY ETF data. Regarding the application of the five-parameter VG model, the twelve-point rule Composite Newton-Cotes Quadrature and Fractional Fast Fourier (FRFT) algorithms were implemented to compute the European option price. Compared to the Black-Scholes (BS) model, empirical evidence shows that the VG option price is underpriced for out-of-the-money (OTM) options and overpriced for in-the-money (ITM) options. Both models produce almost the same option pricing results for deep out-of-the-money (OTM) and deep-in-the-money (ITM) options
description: 28 pages
Photophysical comparison of liquid and mechanically exfoliated WS$_2$ monolayers
Creators: name: Li, Zhaojun
name: Rashvand, Farnia
name: Bretscher, Hope
name: Szydłowska, Beata M.
name: Xiao, James
name: Backes, Claudia
name: Rao, Akshay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are desired as active materials in optoelectronic devices due to their strong excitonic effects. They can be exfoliated from their parent layered materials with low-cost and for mass production via a liquid exfoliation method. However, the device application of TMDs prepared by liquid phase exfoliation is limited by their poor photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQE). It is crucial to understand the reason to low PLQE for their practical device development. Here we evaluate the quality of monolayer-enriched liquid phase exfoliated (LPE) WS$_2$ dispersions by systematically investigating their optical and photophysical properties and contrasting with mechanically exfoliated (ME) WS2 monolayers. An in-depth understanding of the exciton dynamics is gained with ultrafast pump-probe measurements. We reveal that the energy transfer between monolayer and few-layers in LPE WS$_2$ dispersions is a substantial reason for their quenched PL. In addition, we show that LPE WS$_2$ is promising to build high performance optoelectronic devices with excellent optical quality.
Universal fast gradient method for stochastic composit optimization problems
Creators: name: Gasnikov, Alexander
name: Nesterov, Yurii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a new simple variant of Fast Gradient Method that requires only one projection per iteration. We called this method Triangle Method (TM) because it has a corresponding geometric description. We generalize TM for convex and strictly convex composite optimization problems. Then we propose Universal Triangle Method (UTM) for convex and strictly convex composite optimization problems (see Yu. Nesterov, Math. Program. 2015. for more details about what is Universal Fast Gradient Method). Finally, based on mini-batch technique we propose Stochastic Universal Triangle Method (SUTM). SUTM can be applied to stochastic convex and strictly convex composite optimization problems. Denote, that all the methods TM, UTM, SUTM are continuous on strictly convexity parameter and all of them reach known lower bounds. With additional assumption about the structure of the problems these methods work better than the lower bounds.
description: in Russian
Quantum analysis of the recent cosmological bounce in the comoving Hubble length
Creators: name: Gielen, Steffen
name: Magueijo, João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the transition from decelerated to accelerated expansion as a bounce in connection space and study its quantum cosmology, knowing that reflections are notorious for bringing quantum effects to the fore. We use a formalism for obtaining a time variable via the demotion of the constants of Nature to integration constants, and focus on a toy Universe containing only radiation and a cosmological constant $Λ$ for its simplicity. We find that, beside the usual factor ordering ambiguities, there is an ambiguity in the order of the quantum equation, leading to two distinct theories: one second, the other first order. In both cases two time variables may be defined, conjugate to $Λ$ and to the radiation constant of motion. We make little headway with the second-order theory, but are able to produce solutions to the first-order theory. They exhibit the well-known "ringing" whereby incident and reflected waves interfere, leading to oscillations in the probability distribution even for well-peaked wave packets. We also examine in detail the probability measure within the semiclassical approximation. Close to the bounce, the probability distribution becomes double-peaked, with one peak following a trajectory close to the classical limit but with a Hubble parameter slightly shifted downwards, and the other with a value of $b$ stuck at its minimum. An examination of the effects still closer to the bounce, and within a more realistic model involving matter and $Λ$, is left to future work.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures; v3: very minor changes in presentation (mostly typographical), close to version published in Phys.Rev.D
Stiffening of under-constrained spring networks under isotropic strain
Creators: name: Lee, Cheng-Tai
name: Merkel, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disordered spring networks are a useful paradigm to examine macroscopic mechanical properties of amorphous materials. Here, we study the elastic behavior of under-constrained spring networks, i.e.\ networks with more degrees of freedom than springs. While such networks are usually floppy, they can be rigidified by applying external strain. Recently, an analytical formalism has been developed to predict the mechanical network properties close to this rigidity transition. Here we numerically show that these predictions apply to many different classes of spring networks, including phantom triangular, Delaunay, Voronoi, and honeycomb networks. The analytical predictions further imply that the shear modulus $G$ scales linearly with isotropic stress $T$ close to the rigidity transition; however, this seems to be at odds with recent numerical studies suggesting an exponent between $G$ and $T$ that is smaller than one for some network classes. Using increased numerical precision and shear stabilization, we demonstrate here that close to the transition linear scaling, $G\sim T$, holds independent of the network class. Finally, we show that our results are not or only weakly affected by finite-size effects, depending on the network class.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Probing the Charge Separation Mechanics in the Photosystem II Reaction Center using Two-dimensional Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hoang Huy
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 2D Spectroscopy
subject: Photosystem II Reaction Center
subject: Physics
subject: Science

description: The growing demand for renewable energy has motivated research into natural photosynthetic systems to find a way to improve the efficiency of artificial photovoltaics devices. Photosystem II (PSII) is a pigment-protein complex responsible for the primary charge separation processes in oxygenic photosynthesis, and is the only known natural enzyme capable of light-driven water-splitting. The primary objective in studying the PSII RC is to understand its structure function relationship and to resolve its highly efficient charge separation mechanism. While the PSII-RC has been studied extensively in the past, the overlapping timescales of energy transfer and charge separation in this system, and the severely overlapping pigment transitions in the Qy region have led to ongoing debate about its charge separation mechanism and excitonic structure. Holwarth et al. have proposed that Pheo is the primary electron acceptor in the charge separation process (ChlD1 pathway). Alternatively Shuvalov and coworkers claim that charge separation proceeds in a manner similar to the purple bacterial reaction center, in which charge separation begins at the “special pair” and the accessory ChlD1 acts as the primary electron acceptor (PD1 pathway). Subsequently Romero et al. proposed that charge separation proceeds via both pathways, with the ChlD1 pathway as the dominant mechanism. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) has proven to be a powerful technique for revealing electronic structure and ultrafast dynamics in a wide range of systems and has previously been used to study the PSII-RC. Previous 2DES studies have focused on the Qy region. Here we combine broadband-2DES with a continuum probe and 2D electronic vibrational (2DEV) experiments to perform multispectral 2DES on the cytb559-D1D2 PSII-RC at 77K. We employ excitation that spans the Qy band, and broadband probing of the visible and mid-IR regions to leverage the distinct Pheo and Chl Qx pigment transitions as well as charge separation signatures in the anion and mid-IR regimes to disentangle the charge separation pathways. Through the Lifetime Density Analysis and the Global Target Analysis with simultaneous fitting of broadband-2DES and 2DEV data, we conclude that charge separation inside PSII-RC proceeds via the ChlD1 pathway. We also observe the presence of trap states which are responsible for slow phases of charge separation at ~20 and 100-400 ps. We find no clear evidence for the PD1 pathway.
Molecular Noise In Synaptic Communication
Creators: name: Lotter, Sebastian
name: Schäfer, Maximilian
name: Schober, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In synaptic molecular communication (MC), the activation of postsynaptic receptors by neurotransmitters (NTs) is governed by a stochastic reaction-diffusion process. This randomness of synaptic MC contributes to the randomness of the electrochemical downstream signal in the postsynaptic cell, called postsynaptic membrane potential (PSP). Since the randomness of the PSP is relevant for neural computation and learning, characterizing the statistics of the PSP is critical. However, the statistical characterization of the synaptic reaction-diffusion process is difficult because the reversible bi-molecular reaction of NTs with receptors renders the system nonlinear. Consequently, there is currently no model available which characterizes the impact of the statistics of postsynaptic receptor activation on the PSP. In this work, we propose a novel statistical model for the synaptic reaction-diffusion process in terms of the chemical master equation (CME). We further propose a novel numerical method which allows to compute the CME efficiently and we use this method to characterize the statistics of the PSP. Finally, we present results from stochastic particle-based computer simulations which validate the proposed models. We show that the biophysical parameters governing synaptic transmission shape the autocovariance of the receptor activation and, ultimately, the statistics of the PSP. Our results suggest that the processing of the synaptic signal by the postsynaptic cell effectively mitigates synaptic noise while the statistical characteristics of the synaptic signal are preserved. The results presented in this paper contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the randomness of synaptic signal transmission on neuronal information processing.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Published in IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience. This article is the extended journal version of the conference paper arXiv:2109.14986
Spectral properties of reduced fermionic density operators and parity superselection rule
Creators: name: Amosov, Grigori G.
name: Filippov, Sergey N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider pure fermionic states with a varying number of quasiparticles and analyze two types of reduced density operators: one is obtained via tracing out modes, the other is obtained via tracing out particles. We demonstrate that spectra of mode-reduced states are not identical in general and fully characterize pure states with equispectral mode-reduced states. Such states are related via local unitary operations with states satisfying the parity superselection rule. Thus, valid purifications for fermionic density operators are found. To get particle-reduced operators for a general system, we introduce the operation $Φ(\varrho) = \sum_i a_i \varrho a_i^†$. We conjecture that spectra of $Φ^p(\varrho)$ and conventional $p$-particle reduced density matrix $\varrho_p$ coincide. Nontrivial generalized Pauli constraints are derived for states satisfying the parity superselection rule.
description: 8 pages, a new section on particle-reduced density operators and generalized Pauli constraints, published version, Quantum Inf. Process. (2017) 16: 2
title: ARIADNE: A Scientific Navigator to Find Your Way Through the Resource Labyrinth of Psychological Sciences
Creators: name: Hartmann, Helena
name: Gürsoy, Çağatay
name: Lischke, Alexander
name: Mueckstein, Marie
name: Sperl, Matthias F. J.
name: Vogel, Susanne
name: Yang, Yu-Fang
name: Feld, Gordon B.
name: Kastrinogiannis, Alexandros
name: Koppold, Alina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: brain
subject: early career researcher
subject: education
subject: learning
subject: neuropsychology
subject: neuroscience
subject: research cycle
subject: research process
classificationCode: 150
subject: Psychologie

description: Performing high-quality research is a challenging endeavor, especially for early career researchers, in many fields of psychological science. Most research is characterized by experiential learning, which can be time-consuming, error-prone, and frustrating. Although most institutions provide selected resources to help researchers with their projects, these resources are often expensive, spread out, hard to find, and difficult to compare with one another in terms of reliability, validity, usability, and practicability. A comprehensive overview of resources that are useful for researchers in psychological science is missing. To address this issue, we created ARIADNE: a living and interactive resource navigator that helps to use and search a dynamically updated database of resources ( https://igor-biodgps.github.io/ARIADNE ). In this tutorial, we aim to guide researchers through a standard research project using ARIADNE along the way. The open-access database covers a growing list of resources useful for each step of a research project, from the planning and designing of a study, over the collection and analysis of the data, to the writing and disseminating of the findings. We provide (a) a step-by-step guide on how to perform a research project (in the fields of biological psychology and neuroscience as a case example but with broad application to neighboring fields) and (b) an overview of resources that are useful at different project steps. By explicitly highlighting open-access and open-source resources, we level the playing field for researchers from underprivileged countries or institutions, thereby facilitating open, fair, and reproducible research in the psychological sciences.
An exponentially local spectral flow for possibly non-self-adjoint perturbations of non-interacting quantum spins, inspired by KAM theory
Creators: name: De Roeck, Wojciech
name: Schütz, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since its introduction by Hastings in [10], the technique of quasi-adiabatic continuation has become a central tool in the discussion and classification of ground state phases. It connects the ground states of self-adjoint Hamiltonians in the same phase by a unitary quasi-local transformation. This paper takes a step towards extending this result to non- self adjoint perturbations, though, for technical reason, we restrict ourselves here to weak perturbations of non-interacting spins. The extension to non-self adjoint perturbation is important for potential applications to Glauber dynamics (and its quantum analogues). In contrast to the standard quasi-adiabatic transformation, the transformation constructed here is exponentially local. Our scheme is inspired by KAM theory, with frustration-free operators playing the role of integrable Hamiltonians.
description: 25 pages, minor corrections, matches published version
Google’s Little Box Challenge and the Development of the True AC-Module
Creators: name: Oldenkamp, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1312-1315
description: In July 2014 Google started an open competition challenging electronics engineers to design the smallest possible 2 kW inverter. The award for winning this Little Box Challenge (LBC) competition was a $1 000 000 prize. OKE-Services participated in this contest and was selected as one of the 18 finalists.
The paper discusses the procedure, experiences and results of the Little Box Challenge, as well as the possible use of the designs for PV. Further OKE-Services’ Little Box inverter design is presented and the latest developments regarding a ‘true’ ac-module: a PV-module in which the inverter is fully integrated.
Test-measured Rényi divergences
Creators: name: Mosonyi, Milán
name: Hiai, Fumio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One possibility of defining a quantum Rényi $α$-divergence of two quantum states is to optimize the classical Rényi $α$-divergence of their post-measurement probability distributions over all possible measurements (measured Rényi divergence), and maybe regularize these quantities over multiple copies of the two states (regularized measured Rényi $α$-divergence). A key observation behind the theorem for the strong converse exponent of asymptotic binary quantum state discrimination is that the regularized measured Rényi $α$-divergence coincides with the sandwiched Rényi $α$-divergence when $α>1$. Moreover, it also follows from the same theorem that to achieve this, it is sufficient to consider $2$-outcome measurements (tests) for any number of copies (this is somewhat surprising, as achieving the measured Rényi $α$-divergence for $n$ copies might require a number of measurement outcomes that diverges in $n$, in general). In view of this, it seems natural to expect the same when $α<1$; however, we show that this is not the case. In fact, we show that even for commuting states (classical case) the regularized quantity attainable using $2$-outcome measurements is in general strictly smaller than the Rényi $α$-divergence (which is unique in the classical case). In the general quantum case this shows that the above "regularized test-measured" Rényi $α$-divergence is not even a quantum extension of the classical Rényi divergence when $α<1$, in sharp contrast to the $α>1$ case.
description: v3: 30 pages, minor improvements. Thanks to a comment by an anonymous reviewer, we can now show that the two different ways to regularize the test-measured R\'enyi $\alpha$-divergence lead to different quantities
Rashba splitting of Cooper pairs
Creators: name: Shekhter, R. I.
name: Entin-Wohlman, O.
name: Jonson, M.
name: Aharony, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the properties of a weak link between two superconducting leads, which has the form of a non-superconducting nanowire with a strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling caused by an electric field. In the Coulomb blockade regime of single-electron tunneling, we find that such a weak link acts as a "spin splitter" of the spin states of Cooper pairs tunneling through the link, to an extent that depends on the direction of the electric field. We show that the Josephson current is sensitive to interference between the resulting two transmission channels, one where the spins of both members of a Cooper pair are preserved and one where they are both flipped. As a result, the current is a periodic function of the strength of the spin-orbit interaction and of the bending angle of the nanowire (when mechanically bent); an identical effect appears due to strain-induced spin-orbit coupling. In contrast, no spin-orbit induced interference effect can influence the current through a single weak link connecting two normal metals.
description: 5 pages 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1306.5125
Институт полицейских урядников: кадровый состав, функции, профессиональная подготовка
Creators: name: Алафьев Константин Михайлович
name: Зверев Вадим Олегович
name: Алафьев Михаил Константинович
Publisher: name: Психопедагогика в правоохранительных органах
Year: 2020
Subjects: временное положение; инструкции; коронная власть; реформа полиции; полицейский урядник; десятские; сотские

description: Введение. Рассматривается вопрос создания института полицейских урядников как временной меры в политике коронной власти, связанной с переустройством сельской полиции в меняющихся социально-политических условиях страны. Внимание уделяется правовым основам комплектования, исполнения функциональных обязанностей, практике профессиональной подготовки лиц, занимающих должность полицейского урядника. Материалы и методы. Применялись системный, историкосравнительный методы анализа законодательных актов, научной литературы, опубликованных статистических, справочных и интернет-материалов. Результаты и обсуждение. Временное положение о полицейских урядниках 1878 г. явилось правовой основой функционирования института урядников в период буржуазных реформ в России. Введение института урядников было направлено на повышение эффективности низового звена сельской полиции. Временное положение определяло лишь основное предназначение этого института и предоставляло право МВД самому устанавливать функциональные обязанности урядников. Обновляющаяся система набора, возросшие требования общества и власти к профессиональным качествам полицейских, открытие школ урядников способствовали организационному укреплению разрозненного штата, повышению профессиональной компетенции сельской полиции, ее профессионализации. Полицейские урядники образца 1878 г. закончили свое существование 11 марта 1917 г. в связи с упразднением Временным правительством деятельности царской полиции. Выводы. Выявлены основные предпосылки «временного» введения института урядников, связанные с отмиранием института сотских и десятских в 60–70‑е гг. XIX в. Освещена правовая база организационного и кадрового обеспечения уездной полиции низшими исполнительными чинами. Проанализированы некоторые подходы МВД в деле повышения профессиональной компетенции урядников, в том числе через систему образованных в 1880–90‑е гг. школ урядников.
The Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) of Photovoltaic Modules – Lessons Learned from the Environmental Footprint Pilot Phase on the Way to a Single Market for Green Products in the European Union
Creators: name: Wade, A.
name: Stolz, P.
name: Frischknecht, R.
name: Heath, G.
name: Sinha, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
Sustainability and Recycling

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1316-1331
description: Shaping and channeling the transformation of the global energy system requires an understanding of the life cycle environmental impacts of available technology options. With photovoltaic electricity generation expected to be the largest, least cost and most relevant source of energy globally by mid-century, the environmental and resource implications of this technology should be made accessible to a variety of societal, political and scientific stakeholders. The Product Environmental Footprint Guide provides a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts of PV technologies based on life cycle assessment. The establishment of an inclusive multi-stakeholder process with multiple checkpoints, ensuring scientific soundness, societal and political acceptance and methodological quality, is portrayed in this paper and can serve as a model for driving a single market for green products in the EU.
Asymptotic Gaussianity via coalescence probabilities in the Hammond-Sheffield urn
Creators: name: Igelbrink, Jan Lukas
name: Wakolbinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G22

description: For the renormalised sums of the random $\pm 1$-colouring of the connected components of $\mathbb Z$ generated by the coalescing renewal processes in the "power law Pólya's urn" of Hammond and Sheffield we prove functional convergence towards fractional Brownian motion, closing a gap in the tightness argument of their paper. In addition, in the regime of the strong renewal theorem we gain insights into the coalescing renewal processes in the Hammond-Sheffield urn (such as the asymptotic depth of most recent common ancestors) and are able to control the coalescence probabilities of two, three and four individuals that are randomly sampled from $[n]$. This allows us to obtain a new, conceptual proof of the asymptotic Gaussianity (including the functional convergence) of the renormalised sums of more general colourings, which can be seen as an invariance principle beyond the main result of Hammond and Sheffield. In this proof, a key ingredient of independent interest is a sufficient criterion for the asymptotic Gaussianity of the renormalised sums in randomly coloured random partitions of $[n]$, based on Stein's method. Along the way we also prove a statement on the asymptotics of the coalescence probabilities in the long-range seedbank model of Blath, González Casanova, Kurt, and Spanò.
description: This version has been published in ALEA