cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing for Separability in Household Models with Heterogeneous Behavior: A Mixture Model Approach
Creators: name: Vakis, Renos
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Cafiero, Carlo
name: Vakis, Renos
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Cafiero, Carlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: labor
subject: separability
subject: mixture distributions
subject: Peru

description: Knowing whether a household behaves according to separability or non-separability is needed for the correct modeling of production decisions. We propose a superior test to those found in the literature on separability by using a mixture distribution approach to estimate the probability that a farm household behaves according to non-separability, and test that the determinants of consumption affect production decisions for households categorized as non-separable. With non-separability attributed to labor market constraints, the switcher equation shows that Peruvian farm households that are indigenous and young, with low levels of education, and lack of local employment opportunities are more likely to be constrained on the labor market.
The Rationality of EIA Forecasts under Symmetric and Asymmetric Loss
Creators: name: Auffhammer, Maximilian
name: Auffhammer, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: forecasting
subject: asymmetric loss
subject: energy intensity
subject: Energy Information Administration

description: The United States Energy Information Administration publishes annual forecasts of nationally aggregated energy consumption, production, prices, intensity and GDP. These government issued forecasts often serve as reference cases in the calibration of simulation and econometric models, which climate and energy policy are based on. This study tests for rationality of published EIA forecasts under symmetric and asymmetric loss. We find strong empirical evidence of asymmetric loss for oil, coal and gas prices as well as natural gas consumption, GDP and energy intensity.
Peak effect in YBCO crystals: Statics and dynamics of the vortex lattice
Creators: name: Pasquini, G.
name: Bekeris, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillatory dynamics and quasi-static Campbell regime of the vortex lattice (VL) in twinned YBa2Cu3O7 single crystals has been explored at low fields near the peak effect (PE) region by linear and non-linear ac susceptibility measurements. We show evidence that the PE is a dynamic anomaly observed in the non-linear response, and is absent in the Labusch constant derived from the linear Campbell regime. Static properties play a major role however, and we identify two H(T) lines defining the onset and the end of the effect. At H1(T) a sudden increase in the curvature of the pinning potential wells with field coincides with the PE onset. At a higher field, H2(T), a sudden increase in linear ac losses, where dissipative forces overcome pinning forces, marks the end of Campbell regime and, simultaneously, the end of the PE anomaly. Vortex dynamics was probed in frequency dependent measurements, and we find that in the PE region, vortex dynamics goes beyond the description of a power law with a finite creep exponent for the constitutive relation.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Hemodynamic and respiratory targets during general anesthesia: systematic review and meta-analysis - Protocol v. 2
Creators: name: Andersen, Lars
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110301 Anaesthesiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Protocol v. 2 for "Hemodynamic and respiratory targets during general anesthesia: systematic review and meta-analysis "
Mass Production of Two-Dimensional Materials by Intermediate-Assisted Grinding Exfoliation
Creators: name: Zhang, Chi
name: Tan, Junyang
name: Pan, Yikun
name: Cai, Xingke
name: Zou, Xiaolong
name: Cheng, Hui-Ming
name: Liu, Bilu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalable and high-efficiency production of two-dimensional (2D) materials is a prerequisite to their commercial use. Currently, only graphene and graphene oxide can be produced on a ton scale, and the inability to produce other 2D materials on such a large scale hinders their technological applications. Here we report a grinding exfoliation method that uses micro-particles as force intermediates to resolve applied compressive forces into a multitude of small shear forces, inducing the highly-efficient exfoliation of layer materials. The method, referred to as intermediate-assisted grinding exfoliation (iMAGE), can be used for the large-scale production of many 2D materials. As an example, we have exfoliated bulk h-BN into 2D h-BN with large flake sizes, high quality and structural integrity, with a high exfoliation yield of 67%, a high production rate of 0.3 g h-1 and a low energy consumption of 3.01x10^6 J g-1. The production rate and energy consumption are one to two orders of magnitude better than previous results. Besides h-BN, this iMAGE technology has been used to exfoliate various layer materials such as graphite, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal oxides, proving its universality. Molybdenite concentrate, a natural low-cost and abundant mineral, was used as a demo for the large-scale exfoliation production of 2D MoS2 flakes. Our work indicates the huge potential of the iMAGE method to produce large amounts of various 2D materials, which paves the way for their commercial application.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
SUBSIDIZED CROP INSURANCE AND THE EXTENSIVE MARGIN
Creators: name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Shimshack, Jason
name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Shimshack, Jason
name: Wu, Steven Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: A partial equilibrium model of stochastic crop production is used to analyze the influence of subsidized crop insurance on the extensive margin. The addition of a crop insurance program that is characterized by a perfectly separating equilibrium and an actuarially fair premium for each quality does not change input use or land allocation. However, Risk neutral farmers facing actuarially fair premiums are indifferent between the purchase and not purchase decision. risk averse farmers all will purchase actuarially fair crop insurance. Premium subsidies create incentives for the extensive margin to expand at the lower end of the quality spectrum leading to adverse selection. Land in production without crop insurance remains in production with subsidized crop insurance. An actuarially fair pooling equilibrium creates incentives for the extensive margin to expand at the lower end of the quality spectrum, again leading to adverse selection. In the short-run, owners of high quality land do not insure their crops, while owners of the lowest quality land purchase insurance, exacerbating adverse selection. In the long-run, the pooling equilibrium premium rate increases until a limiting solution is obtained in which risk neutral owners of only one land quality type are indifferent between insuring and not insuring a quality of land. For risk averse farmers there will be a nondegenerate long-run pooling equilibrium. Premium subsidies mitigate the disincentive for higher quality landowners to purchase insurance, but exacerbate the incentive to expand the extensive margin.
Evidence for a long duration component in the prompt emission of short Gamma-Ray Bursts detected with BeppoSAX
Creators: name: Montanari, Enrico
name: Frontera, Filippo
name: Guidorzi, Cristiano
name: Rapisarda, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A statistical study on the light curves of all the short Gamma-Ray Bursts detected with the Gamma Ray Burst Monitor (GRBM) aboard BeppoSAX is reported. Evidence for a very weak and long duration component associated with these events in the two 1 s counters of the GRBM (40-700 keV and >100 keV) is found. It starts a few tens of seconds before the burst and continues for about 30 s after the burst. The overall hardness of this component is comparable with that of the event itself. The detection of a signal before the onset time and the similar hardness are consistent with an interpretation of the long duration component in terms of prompt emission associated with short GRBs.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Figure S6. from Metagenomics of the modern and historical human oral microbiome with phylogenetic studies on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus
Creators: name: Achtman, Mark
name: Zhemin Zhou
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Relative sources of species according to checkerboard tests and SPARSE results.
Kommentar zur Erklärung des Ökumenischen Ausschusses der VELKD zur Frage der Apostolischen Sukzession vom 26. November 1957
Creators: name: Montefiore, Hugh William
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 7 Nr. 3 (1958): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 7, Heft 3
UV Continuum Spectroscopy of a 6L* z=5.5 Starburst Galaxy
Creators: name: Dow-Hygelund, C. C.
name: Holden, B. P.
name: Bouwens, R. J.
name: van der Wel, A.
name: Illingworth, G. D.
name: Zirm, A.
name: Franx, M.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Ford, H.
name: van Dokkum, P. G.
name: Stanford, S. A.
name: Eisenhardt, P.
name: Fazio, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained a high S/N (22.3 hr integration) UV continuum VLT FORS2 spectrum of an extremely bright (z_850 = 24.3) z = 5.515 +/- 0.003 starforming galaxy (BD38) in the field of the z = 1.24 cluster RDCS 1252.9-2927. This object shows substantial continuum (0.41 +/- 0.02 \muJy at \lambda1300) and low-ionization interstellar absorption features typical of LBGs at lower redshift (z ~ 3); this is the highest redshift LBG confirmed via metal absorption spectral features. The equivalent widths of the absorption features are similar to z ~ 3 strong Lyαabsorbers. No noticeable Lyαemission was detected (F <= 1.4 * 10^-18 ergs cm^-2 s^-1, 3σ). The half-light radius of this object is 1.6 kpc (0\farcs25) and the star formation rate derived from the rest-frame UV luminosity is SFR_UV = 38 h^-2_0.7 M_sun yr^-1 (142 h^-2_0.7 M_sun yr^-1 corrected for dust extinction). In terms of recent determinations of the z ~ 6 UV luminosity function, this object appears to be 6L*. The Spitzer IRAC fluxes for this object are 23.3 and 23.2 AB mag (corrected for 0.3 mag of cluster lensing) in the 3.6μand 4.5μchannels, respectively, implying a mass of 1-6 * 10^10 M_sun from population synthesis models. This galaxy is brighter than any confirmed z ~ 6 i-dropout to date in the z_850 band, and both the 3.6μand 4.5μchannels, and is the most massive starbursting galaxy known at z > 5. -- Abstract Abridged
description: Accepted to ApJ Letters. 4 pages in emulate ApJ format, 3 color figures, 1 with lower resolution. Full resolution file available at http://physics.ucsc.edu/~cdow/bd38/bd38.pdf
Atomic X-ray Spectroscopy of Accreting Black Holes
Creators: name: Liedahl, Duane A.
name: Torres, Diego F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current astrophysical research suggests that the most persistently luminous objects in the Universe are powered by the flow of matter through accretion disks onto black holes. Accretion disk systems are observed to emit copious radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, each energy band providing access to rather distinct regimes of physical conditions and geometric scale. X-ray emission probes the innermost regions of the accretion disk, where relativistic effects prevail. While this has been known for decades, it also has been acknowledged that inferring physical conditions in the relativistic regime from the behavior of the X-ray continuum is problematic and not satisfactorily constraining. With the discovery in the 1990s of iron X-ray lines bearing signatures of relativistic distortion came the hope that such emission would more firmly constrain models of disk accretion near black holes, as well as provide observational criteria by which to test general relativity in the strong field limit. Here we provide an introduction to this phenomenon. While the presentation is intended to be primarily tutorial in nature, we aim also to acquaint the reader with trends in current research. To achieve these ends, we present the basic applications of general relativity that pertain to X-ray spectroscopic observations of black hole accretion disk systems, focusing on the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions to the Einstein field equations. To this we add treatments of the fundamental concepts associated with the theoretical and modeling aspects of accretion disks, as well as relevant topics from observational and theoretical X-ray spectroscopy.
description: 63 pages, 21 figures, Einstein Centennial Review Article, Canadian Journal of Physics, in press
Observation of supercavity modes in subwavelength dielectric resonators
Creators: name: Odit, Mikhail
name: Koshelev, Kirill
name: Gladyshev, Sergey
name: Ladutenko, Konstantin
name: Kivshar, Yuri
name: Bogdanov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic response of dielectric resonators with high refractive index is governed by optically induced electric and magnetic Mie resonances facilitating confinement of light with the amplitude enhancement. However, strong subwavelength trapping of light was associated traditionally only with plasmonic or epsilon-near-zero structures which however suffer from losses. Recently, an alternative localization mechanism was proposed to trap light in individual subwavelength optical resonators with a high quality factor in the regime of a supercavity mode. Here, we present the experimental observation of the supercavity modes in subwavelength ceramic resonators in the radiofrequency range. We demonstrate experimentally that the regime of supercavity mode can be achieved via precise tuning of the resonator's dimensions resulting in a huge growth of the quality factor reaching the experimental values up to 1.25x10^4, being limited only by material losses in dielectrics. We reveal that the supercavity modes can be excited efficiently by both near- and far-fields by means of dipole sources and plane waves, respectively. In both the cases, the supercavity mode manifests itself clearly via characteristic peculiarities of the Fano resonance and radiation patterns. Our work paves the way for future compact practical devices in photonics and radiophysics.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Minimum Divergence Moment Based Binary Response Models: Estimation and Inference
Creators: name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
name: Judge, George G.
name: Miller, Douglas J.
name: Cardell, N. Scott
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
name: Judge, George G.
name: Miller, Douglas J.
name: Cardell, N. Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: nonparametric binary response models and estimators
subject: conditional moment equations
subject: finite sample bias and precision
subject: squared error loss
subject: response variables
subject: Cressie-Read statistic
subject: information theoretic methods

description: This paper introduces a new class of estimators based on minimization of the Cressie-Read (CR) power divergence measure for binary choice models, where neither a parameterized distribution nor a parameterization of the mean is specified explicitly in the statistical model. By incorporating sample information in the form of conditional moment conditions and estimating choice probabilities by optimizing a member of the set of divergence measures in the CR family, a new class of nonparametric estimators evolves that requires less a priori model structure than conventional parametric estimators such as probit or logit. Asymptotic properties are derived under general regularity conditions and finite sampling properties are illustrated by Monte Carlo sampling experiments. Except for some special cases in which the general regularity conditions do not hold, the estimators have asymptotic normal distributions, similar to conventional parametric estimators of the binary choice model. The sampling experiments focus on the mean square errors in the choice probability predictions and the probability derivatives with respect to the response variable values. The simulation results suggest that estimators within the CR class are more robust than conventional methods of estimation across varying probability distributions underlying the Bernoulli process. The size and power of test statistics based on the asymptotics of the CR-based estimators exhibit behavior similar to those based on conventional parametric methods. Overall, the new class of nonparametric estimators for the binary response model is a promising and potentially more robust alternative to the parametric methods often used in empirical practice.
Figure S1. from Metagenomics of the modern and historical human oral microbiome with phylogenetic studies on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus
Creators: name: Achtman, Mark
name: Zhemin Zhou
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: K-mean clusters and PCA
The WISC-III comprehension and picture arrangement subtests as measures of social functioning : fact or fiction?
Creators: name: Arvanitakis, Maria Alexia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The traditional assumption that the Wechsler Intelligence scales Picture Arrangement (PA) and Comprehension (COMP) subtests are interpretable as measures of social competence was tested. Although the assumption has existed for over half a century, there is a lack of evidence to support this contention. Performance on the PA and COMP subtests of the WISC-III was correlated with various indices of social functioning, using multiple sources of information (i.e., participant self-report, teacher report and peer nominations within a normal school-aged population) in a sample of 74, eight to twelve year old children. After general intelligence was partialled out, performance on the COMP subtest related to children's perception of social selfefficacy, and performance on the PA subtest was related to assertive problem solving strategies. No other social measure correlated significantly with performance on the PA and COMP subtests. Results of regression analyses reiterated the correlational analyses suggesting that although there was some modest predictive power for the PA subtest to predict assertive problem solving strategies and for performance on the COMP subtest to predict a child's perception of social self-efficacy, performance on the PA and COMP subtests do not predict the majority of the social skills that were included in the present investigation.
Figure S8. from Metagenomics of the modern and historical human oral microbiome with phylogenetic studies on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus
Creators: name: Achtman, Mark
name: Zhemin Zhou
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Comparisons of species abundances between Velsko et al., 2019, Metaphlan and SPARSE
We Should Drink No Wine Before Its Time
Creators: name: Goodhue, Rachael E.
name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Simon, Leo K.
name: Goodhue, Rachael E.
name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Simon, Leo K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Public Economics

description: We consider the impact of taxes on the quantity and quality produced of goods whose market values accrue with age. The analysis is motivated by the high and increasing taxation rates in the wine industry across the globe. If society values both quality and quantity as goods, an optimal tax system would never reduce the quality marketed, though it necessarily reduces quantity. Any two-tax system that includes a volumetric sales tax and any one of three other types of tax - an ad valorem sales tax, an ad valorem storage tax, or a volumetric storage tax - spans the quality/revenue space and can support an optimal tax system. Any tax system that reduces quality relative to the market equilibrium with no taxes could increase tax revenues and reduce the quality distortion without increasing the quantity distortion. Given this, the only explanation for taxation schemes that reduce both the quality and quality of goods like wine must be a Calvinistic social welfare function.
Unraveling ferroelectric polarization and ionic contributions to electroresistance in epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Sulzbach, Milena Cervo
name: Estandía, Saúl
name: Long, Xiao
name: Lyu, Jike
name: Dix, Nico
name: Gàzquez, Jaume
name: Chisholm, Matthew F.
name: Sánchez, Florencio
name: Fina, Ignasi
name: Fontcuberta, Josep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunnel devices based on ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) barriers hold great promises for emerging data storage and computing technologies. The resistance state of the device can be changed by a suitable writing voltage. However, the microscopic mechanisms leading to the resistance change are an intricate interplay between ferroelectric polarization controlled barrier properties and defect-related transport mechanisms. Here is shown the fundamental role of the microstructure of HZO films setting the balance between those contributions. The oxide film presents coherent or incoherent grain boundaries, associated to the existence of monoclinic and orthorhombic phases in HZO films, which are dictated by the mismatch with the substrates for epitaxial growth. These grain boundaries are the toggle that allows to obtain either large (up to 450 %) and fully reversible genuine polarization controlled electroresistance when only the orthorhombic phase is present or an irreversible and extremely large (1000-100000 %) electroresistance when both phases coexist.
Loop quantum cosmology and the Wheeler-De Witt equation
Creators: name: Henriques, Alfredo B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some results concerning the large volume limit of loop quantum cosmology in the flat homogeneous and isotropic case. We derive the Wheeler-De Witt equation in this limit. Looking for the action from which this equation can also be obtained, we then address the problem of the modifications to be brought to the Friedman's equation of motion and to the equation of motion of the scalar field, in the classical limit.
description: 17 pages; 5 figures
THE "NEW ECONOMY" AND EFFICIENCY IN FOOD MARKET SYSTEM: A COMPLEMENT OR A BATTLEGROUND BETWEEN ECONOMIC CLASSES?
Creators: name: Schluter, Gerald E.
name: Lee, Chinkook
name: Schluter, Gerald E.
name: Lee, Chinkook
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food and Agricultural Trade
subject: Demand for High-skilled and low-skilled Labor
subject: Input-Output Analysis

description: Rapid developments in E-commerce can bring efficiency in the food market system by cutting transaction costs. However, it can also bring a battleground between developed and developing countries and also within developed countries because the New Economy emphasizes knowledge-based labor practices and low-skilled workers of trading nations compete for a shrinking need for their services. An Input-Output model is used to examine the effects on high-skilled and low-skilled worker demand, particularly in food and agriculture. The food and agricultural industries are significant employers of low-skilled labor. Food and agricultural trade has reduced low-skilled labor demand in the United States.
Observation of small scale structure using sextupole lensing
Creators: name: Irwin, John
name: Shmakova, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak gravitational lensing seeks to determine shear by measuring induced quadrupole (elliptical) shapes in background galaxy images. Small impact parameter (a few kpc) gravitational lensing by foreground core masses between 2 10^{9} and 2 10^{12} M_\odot will additionally induce a sextupole shape with the quadrupole and sextupole minima aligned. This correlation in relative orientation of the quadrupole and sextupole provides a sensitive method to identify images which have been slightly curved by lensing events. A general theoretical framework for sextupole lensing is developed which includes several low order coefficients in a general lensing map. Tools to impute map coefficients from the galaxy images are described and applied to the north Hubble deep field. Instrumental PSFs, camera charge diffusion, and image composition methods are modelled in the coefficient determination process. Estimates of Poisson counting noise for each galaxy are used to cut galaxies with signals too small to reliably establish curvature. Curved galaxies are found to be spatially clumped, as would be expected if the curving were due to small impact parameter lensing by localized ensembles of dark matter haloes. Simulations provide an estimate of the total required lensing mass and the acceptable mass range of the constituent haloes. The overdensities and underdensities of visible galaxies and their locations in the Hubble foreground is found to be consistent with our observations and their interpretation as lensing events.
description: 40 pages, 44 figures
Factorization of R-matrix and Baxter's Q-operator
Creators: name: Derkachov, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general rational solution of the Yang-Baxter equation with the symmetry algebra sl(2) can be represented as the product of the simpler building blocks denoted as R-operators. The R-operators are constructed explicitly and have simple structure. Using the R-operators we construct the two-parametric Baxter's Q-operator for the generic inhomogeneous periodic XXX spin chain. In the case of homogeneous XXX spin chain it is possible to reduce the general Q-operator to the much simpler one-parametric operator.
description: 17 pages
A search for lensed gamma-ray bursts in 11 years of observations by Fermi GBM
Creators: name: Ahlgren, Björn
name: Larsson, Josefin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macrolensing of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is expected to manifest as a GRB recurring with the same light curve and spectrum as a previous one, but with a different flux and a slightly offset position. Identifying such lensed GRBs may give important information about the lenses, cosmology, as well as the GRBs themselves. Here we present a search for lensed GRBs among $\sim 2700$ GRBs observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) during 11 years of operations. To identify lensed GRBs, we perform initial cuts on position, time-averaged spectral properties and relative duration. We then use the cross-correlation function to assess the similarity of light curves, and finally analyze the time-resolved spectra of the most promising candidates. We find no convincing lens candidates. The most similar pairs are single-pulsed GRBs with relatively few time bins for the spectral analysis. This is best explained by similarities within the GRB population rather than lensing. However, the null result does not rule out the presence of macrolensed GRBs in the sample. In particular, we find that observational uncertainties and Poisson fluctuations can lead to significant differences within a pair of lensed GRBs.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 15 pages, 9 figures
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF ETHIOPIA'S NEW EXTENSION PROGRAM ON THE PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF FARMERS
Creators: name: Alene, Arega D.
name: Hassan, Rashid M.
name: Alene, Arega D.
name: Hassan, Rashid M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This paper employed a robust stochastic efficiency decomposition technique that accounts for scale effects to derive the technical, allocative, and overall productive efficiency of two samples of farmers, participants and non-participants in the New Extension Program (NEP), in two agro-climatic zones in eastern Ethiopia. Using data for the 2001/2002 agricultural year, we find that both groups of farmers in the two zones have considerable overall productive inefficiencies. In the wet highlands, although the participants in NEP used a superior technology and have higher technical efficiencies, their allocative efficiencies turned out to be lower than the non-participant farmers, relative to their respective technologies. However, both groups exhibit similar productive efficiencies. In the dry lands, apart from using homogeneous production technologies, the two groups do not have significantly different technical and allocative efficiencies and that they have similar productive efficiencies. Therefore, we find no empirical evidence of a positive impact of NEP on overall productive efficiency in both agro-climatic zones. An investigation of the influence of several socio-economic and institutional factors revealed that education, credit, previous participation in extension programs, off-farm income and the share of the leading cropping system have a positive impact on efficiency.
STRUCTURAL, EFFICIENCY AND INCOME EFFECTS OF DIRECT PAYMENTS - AN AGENT-BASED ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE PAYMENT SCHEMES FOR THE GERMAN REGION OF HOHENLOHE
Creators: name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Balmann, Alfons
name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Balmann, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The paper analyses various forms of direct payments using the spatial and dynamic model AgriPoliS. In AgriPoliS farms are represented as agents which act and interact individually. This allows for endogenous structural change. The model is fitted to the agricultural region 'Hohenlohe' in Baden-Württemberg which is characterised by intensive livestock farming. The policy simulations show that the fixing of a single income payment and coupling it to the farming of land - as it has been proposed by the EU Commission in the mid-term review - does not have significant effects on structural change, competitiveness, and income as compared to the current Agenda 2000 policy. In order to reach a significant and lasting effect on the competitiveness of agriculture, a further decoupling of payments would be necessary, in which direct payments would be completely decoupled from land and farming. Direct payments should rather be offered to farmers or farms, independent of whether or not farming is continued. Furthermore, area payments should be decreased to an extent which is just necessary to maintain certain land management standards. Such a policy would also break with the effect that a large part of subsidies and direct payments is transferred to the land owners rather than to the farmers. It is especially the farms with a growth potential and a high share of leased land which would benefit from such a policy.
BUILDING AN EFFECTIVE MODEL OF FORMING PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE BASED ON CORPUS TECHNOLOGIES
Creators: name: Sakbaeva, Vitaliya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Within the framework of this research, which is considered one of the tasks of building an effective model of the formation of pragmatic competence based on corpus technologies, in order to create our own educational model, it is necessary to determine the methodological basis, preliminary conditions, and the main goal of the research.
Andreev reflection at Hadron/Color superconductor interface
Creators: name: Juzaki, Yuki
name: Tachibana, Motoi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the phenomenon of the Andreev reflection of "hadrons" at the interface between hadronic and color superconducting phases, which are expected to appear in the neutron star interior. Here, hadrons are defined as a superposition of constituent quarks, each of which is Andreev-reflected. We study what kind of reflections are possible to come out of incident mesons and baryons in the hadronic phase, attached to different color superconducting phases. Then, some peculiar patterns of the reflections are obtained.
description: 10 pages, no figures
The ASHRAE Great Energy Predictor III competition: Overview and results
Creators: name: Miller, Clayton
name: Arjunan, Pandarasamy
name: Kathirgamanathan, Anjukan
name: Fu, Chun
name: Roth, Jonathan
name: Park, June Young
name: Balbach, Chris
name: Gowri, Krishnan
name: Nagy, Zoltan
name: Fontanini, Anthony
name: Haberl, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In late 2019, ASHRAE hosted the Great Energy Predictor III (GEPIII) machine learning competition on the Kaggle platform. This launch marked the third energy prediction competition from ASHRAE and the first since the mid-1990s. In this updated version, the competitors were provided with over 20 million points of training data from 2,380 energy meters collected for 1,448 buildings from 16 sources. This competition's overall objective was to find the most accurate modeling solutions for the prediction of over 41 million private and public test data points. The competition had 4,370 participants, split across 3,614 teams from 94 countries who submitted 39,403 predictions. In addition to the top five winning workflows, the competitors publicly shared 415 reproducible online machine learning workflow examples (notebooks), including over 40 additional, full solutions. This paper gives a high-level overview of the competition preparation and dataset, competitors and their discussions, machine learning workflows and models generated, winners and their submissions, discussion of lessons learned, and competition outputs and next steps. The most popular and accurate machine learning workflows used large ensembles of mostly gradient boosting tree models, such as LightGBM. Similar to the first predictor competition, preprocessing of the data sets emerged as a key differentiator.
Figure S4. from Metagenomics of the modern and historical human oral microbiome with phylogenetic studies on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus
Creators: name: Achtman, Mark
name: Zhemin Zhou
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: DNADamage plots.
Quantization of the First-Order Two-Dimensional Einstein-Hilbert Action
Creators: name: McKeon, D. G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A canonical analysis of the first-order two-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action has shown it to have no physical degrees of freedom and to possess an unusual gauge symmetry with a symmetric field $ξ_{μν}$ acting as a gauge function. Some consequences of this symmetry are explored. The action is quantized and it is shown that all loop diagrams beyond one-loop order vanish. Furthermore, explicit calculation of the one-loop two-point function shows that it too vanishes, with the contribution of the ghost loop cancelling that of the ``graviton'' loop.
Figure S9. from Metagenomics of the modern and historical human oral microbiome with phylogenetic studies on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus
Creators: name: Achtman, Mark
name: Zhemin Zhou
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Abundances of reads from S. mutans and S. sobrinus that were used to create pseudo=MAGs.
THE POTENTIAL FOR FINANCIAL SAVINGS IN RURAL MOZAMBICAN HOUSEHOLDS
Creators: name: Amimo, Oliveira
name: Larson, Donald W.
name: Bittencourt, Maurício Vaz Lobo
name: Graham, Douglas H.
name: Amimo, Oliveira
name: Larson, Donald W.
name: Bittencourt, Maurício Vaz Lobo
name: Graham, Douglas H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Financial Economics

description: Many policy makers and businesses erroneously believe that rural populations, particularly in Africa, have no margin for savings over consumption needs. This study examines the potential for financial savings in rural Mozambican households by looking at the determinants of savings behavior. An econometric model for a household's saving behavior was estimated using data from 113 rural households from Nampula province in Mozambique. Results indicate that income, physical wealth, household size, and years of schooling affect a household's savings behavior. The study also finds that Mozambican rural households use their own grassroots associations for many financial services due to the lack of access to formal financial intermediaries.
VINTERGATAN I: The origins of chemically, kinematically and structurally distinct discs in a simulated Milky Way-mass galaxy
Creators: name: Agertz, Oscar
name: Renaud, Florent
name: Feltzing, Sofia
name: Read, Justin I.
name: Ryde, Nils
name: Andersson, Eric P.
name: Rey, Martin P.
name: Bensby, Thomas
name: Feuillet, Diane K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way's stars have revealed spatial, chemical and kinematical structures that encode its history. In this work, we study their origins using a cosmological zoom simulation, VINTERGATAN, of a Milky Way-mass disc galaxy. We find that in connection to the last major merger at $z\sim 1.5$, cosmological accretion leads to the rapid formation of an outer, metal-poor, low-[$α$/Fe] gas disc around the inner, metal-rich galaxy containing the old high-[$α$/Fe] stars. This event leads to a bimodality in [$α$/Fe] over a range of [Fe/H]. A detailed analysis of how the galaxy evolves since $z\sim 1$ is presented. We demonstrate the way in which inside-out growth shapes the radial surface density and metallicity profile and how radial migration preferentially relocates stars from the inner to the outer disc. Secular disc heating is found to give rise to increasing velocity dispersions and scaleheights with stellar age, which together with disc flaring explains several trends observed in the Milky Way, including shallower radial [Fe/H]-profiles above the midplane. We show how the galaxy formation scenario imprints non-trivial mappings between structural associations (i.e. thick and thin discs), velocity dispersions, $α$-enhancements, and ages of stars, e.g. the most metal-poor stars in the low-[$α$/Fe] sequence are found to have a scaleheight comparable to old high-[$α$/Fe] stars. Finally, we illustrate how at low spatial resolution, comparable to the thickness of the galaxy, the proposed pathway to distinct sequences in [$α$/Fe]-[Fe/H] cannot be captured.
description: 20 pages, MNRAS submitted, comments welcome. Movies available at http://www.astro.lu.se/~florent/vintergatan.php
CAN GM-TECHNOLOGIES HELP AFRICAN SMALLHOLDERS? THE IMPACT OF BT COTTON IN THE MAKHATHINI FLATS OF KWAZULU-NATAL
Creators: name: Beyers, Lindie
name: Thirtle, Colin G.
name: Beyers, Lindie
name: Thirtle, Colin G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: KwaZulu-Natal
subject: Bt cotton
subject: Stochastic Frontiers
subject: Efficiency

description: Analysis of a survey of the 1998-99 and 1999-2000 seasons for the same 100 smallholders in the Makhathini Flats region of KwaZulu-Natal shows that Bt cotton has performed better than other varieties. Having two years of data for the same farmers allows innate efficiency differences, due to factors such as farm size, to be separated from the effects of the new technology, which is not normally possible. Farmers who adopted Bt cotton in 1999-2000 benefited according to all the measures used. Higher yields and lower chemical costs outweighed higher seed costs, giving higher gross margins. These measures showed negative benefits in 1998-99, which conflicts with continued adoption, but stochastic efficiency frontier estimation, which takes account of the labor saved, showed that adopters averaged 88% efficiency, as compared with 66% for the non-adopters. In 1999/2000, when late rains lowered yields, the gap widened to 74% for adopters and 48% for non-adopters.
Massive and Red Objects predicted by a semianalytical model of galaxy formation
Creators: name: Kang, X.
name: Jing, Y. P.
name: Silk, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study whether hierarchical galaxy formation in a concordance $Λ$CDM universe can produce enough massive and red galaxies compared to the observations. We implement a semi-analytical model in which the central black holes gain their mass during major mergers of galaxies and the energy feedback from active galaxy nuclei (AGN) suppresses the gas cooling in their host halos. The energy feedback from AGN acts effectively only in massive galaxies when supermassive black holes have been formed in the central bulges. Compared with previous models without black hole formation, our model predicts more massive and luminous galaxies at high redshift, agreeing with the observations of K20 up to $z\sim 3$. Also the predicted stellar mass density from massive galaxies agrees with the observations of GDDS. Because of the energy feedback from AGN, the formation of new stars is stopped in massive galaxies with the termination of gas cooling and these galaxies soon become red with color $R-K>$5 (Vega magnitude), comparable to the Extremely Red Objects (EROs) observed at redshift $z\sim$1-2. Still the predicted number density of very EROs is lower than observed at $z\sim 2$, and it may be related to inadequate descriptions of dust extinction, star formation history and AGN feedback in those luminous galaxies.
description: Accepted for Publication in ApJ, added references
Global Minimax Approximations and Bounds for the Gaussian Q-Function by Sums of Exponentials
Creators: name: Tanash, Islam M.
name: Riihonen, Taneli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a novel systematic methodology to obtain new simple and tight approximations, lower bounds, and upper bounds for the Gaussian Q-function, and functions thereof, in the form of a weighted sum of exponential functions. They are based on minimizing the maximum absolute or relative error, resulting in globally uniform error functions with equalized extrema. In particular, we construct sets of equations that describe the behaviour of the targeted error functions and solve them numerically in order to find the optimized sets of coefficients for the sum of exponentials. This also allows for establishing a trade-off between absolute and relative error by controlling weights assigned to the error functions' extrema. We further extend the proposed procedure to derive approximations and bounds for any polynomial of the Q-function, which in turn allows approximating and bounding many functions of the Q-function that meet the Taylor series conditions, and consider the integer powers of the Q-function as a special case. In the numerical results, other known approximations of the same and different forms as well as those obtained directly from quadrature rules are compared with the proposed approximations and bounds to demonstrate that they achieve increasingly better accuracy in terms of the global error, thus requiring significantly lower number of sum terms to achieve the same level of accuracy than any reference approach of the same form.
description: This paper appears in: IEEE Transactions on Communications On page(s): 1-11
Teleportation of bipartite states using a single entangled pair
Creators: name: Cola, Mary M.
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of quantum protocols to teleport bipartite (entangled) states of two qubits is suggested. Our schemes require a single entangled pair shared by the two parties and the transmission of three bits of classical information, as well as a two-qubit gate with an additional qubit at the receiver' location. Noisy quantum channels are considered and the effects on both the teleportation fidelity and the entanglement of the replica are evaluated.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, to appear on Phys. Lett. A