cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Missing for 20 years: MeerKAT re-detects the elusive binary pulsar M30B
Creators: name: Balakrishnan, Vishnu
name: Freire, Paulo
name: Ransom, Scott
name: Ridolfi, Alessandro
name: Barr, Ewan
name: Chen, Weiwei
name: Krishnan, Vivek Venkatraman
name: Champion, David J.
name: Kramer, Michael
name: Gautam, Tasha
name: Padmanabh, Prajwal
name: Men, Yunpeng
name: Abbate, Federico
name: Stappers, Benjamin
name: Stairs, Ingrid
name: Keane, Evan
name: Possenti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR J2140$-$2311B is a 13-ms pulsar discovered in 2001 in a 7.8-hour Green Bank Telescope (GBT) observation of the core-collapsed globular cluster M30 and predicted to be in a highly eccentric binary orbit. This pulsar has eluded detection since then, therefore its precise orbital parameters have remained a mystery until now. In this work, we present the confirmation of this pulsar using observations taken with the UHF receivers of the MeerKAT telescope as part of the TRAPUM Large Survey Project. Taking advantage of the beamforming capability of our backends, we have localized it, placing it $1.2(1)^\prime$ from the cluster centre. Our observations have enabled the determination of its orbit: it is highly eccentric ($e = 0.879$) with an orbital period of $6.2$ days. We also measured the rate of periastron advance, $\dotω = 0.078 \pm 0.002\, \rm deg \, yr^{-1}$. Assuming that this effect is fully relativistic, general relativity provides an estimate of the total mass of the system, $M_{\rm TOT} = 2.53 \pm 0.08$ M$_{\odot}$, consistent with the lightest double neutron star systems known. Combining this with the mass function of the system gives the pulsar and companion masses of $m_p < 1.43 \, \rm M_{\odot}$ and $m_c > 1.10 \, \rm M_{\odot}$ respectively. The massive, undetected companion could either be a massive WD or a NS. M30B likely formed as a result of a secondary exchange encounter. Future timing observations will allow the determination of a phase-coherent timing solution, vastly improving our uncertainty in $\dotω$ and likely enabling the detection of additional relativistic effects which will determine $m_p$ and $m_c$.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJL)
Supplementary document for Real-time millimeter wave holography with an arrayed detector - 6822102.pdf
Creators: name: Penketh, Harry
name: Ergoktas, M Said
name: Lawrence, Christopher
name: Phillips, David
name: Cunningham, John
name: Hendry, Euan
name: Mrnka, Michal
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Classical and Physical Optics

description: Supplementary document for main article
On perfect coverings of two-dimensional grids
Creators: name: Heikkilä, Elias
name: Herva, Pyry
name: Kari, Jarkko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study perfect multiple coverings in translation invariant graphs with vertex set $\mathbb{Z}^2$ using an algebraic approach. In this approach we consider any such covering as a two-dimensional binary configuration which we then express as a two-variate formal power series. Using known results, we conclude that any perfect multiple covering has a non-trivial periodizer, that is, there exists a non-zero polynomial whose formal product with the power series presenting the covering is a two-periodic configuration. If a non-trivial periodizer has line polynomial factors in at most one direction, then the configuration is known to be periodic. Using this result, we find many setups where perfect multiple coverings of infinite grids are necessarily periodic. We also consider some algorithmic questions on finding perfect multiple coverings.
description: Diekert, V., Volkov, M. (eds) Developments in Language Theory. DLT 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13257. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05578-2_12
Scrambling and operator entanglement in local non-Hermitian quantum systems
Creators: name: Barch, Brian
name: Anand, Namit
name: Marshall, Jeffrey
name: Rieffel, Eleanor
name: Zanardi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breakdown of Lieb-Robinson bounds in local, non-Hermitian quantum systems opens up the possibility for a rich landscape of quantum many-body phenomenology. We elucidate this by studying information scrambling and quantum chaos in non-Hermitian variants of paradigmatic local quantum spin-chain models. We utilize a mixture of exact diagonalization and tensor network techniques for our numerical results and focus on three dynamical quantities: (i) out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs), (ii) operator entanglement of the dynamics, and (iii) entanglement growth following a quench from product initial states. We show that while OTOCs fail to capture information scrambling in a simple, local, non-Hermitian transverse-field Ising model, the closely related operator entanglement is a robust measure of dynamical properties of interest. Moreover, we show that the short-time growth of operator entanglement can generically detect ``entanglement phase transitions'' in these systems while its long-time average is shown to be a reliable indicator of quantum chaos and entanglement phases. This allows us to extend operator entanglement based diagnostics from previous works on closed and open quantum systems, to the new arena of monitored quantum dynamics. Finally, we remark on the efficacy of these dynamical quantities in detecting integrability/chaos in the presence of continuous monitoring.
description: 16+6 pages, comments welcome; v2: additional references, figures, and appendix added; v3: close to published version. PRB Editors' Suggestion
Nutrient limitation dynamics examined on a multi-annual scale in Lake Taihu, China: Implications for controlling eutrophication and harmful algal blooms
Creators: name: Hall, N.S.
name: Paerl, H.W.
name: Zhu, G.
name: Qin, B.
name: Rossignol, K.L.
name: Joyner, A.R.
name: Xu, H.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Inc.
Year: 2015

description: Rapidly increasing urban, agricultural, and industrial growth in the Taihu basin during the past four decades has led to accelerated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading to the lake. This has caused the lake to shift from oligo-mesotrophic to hypertrophic conditions, symptomized by toxic cyanobacterial blooms, dominated by the non-N2 fixing genus Microcystis. From 2008 to 2013, a series of in situ microcosm and mesocosm nutrient addition bioassays were conducted that were focused on the heavily polluted northern region (i.e., Meiliang Bay) and other lake locations. Bioassays showed that phytoplankton production, as chlorophyll a and photopigments diagnostic of major phytoplankton groups, was controlled by P inputs from spring to early summer, while N played a more dominant controlling role in summer-fall. In most cases, combined N and P additions promoted maximum growth. This pattern proved true for both the highly eutrophic northern region and the less-eutrophic central and southern regions. Cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, and cryptophytes all showed the strongest positive responses to N and N+P enrichment during the summer bloom period, while diatoms were the least abundant then and just moderately stimulated by nutrient additions. Cyanobacteria failed to selectively respond to P inputs during the summer bloom period, contradicting the paradigm that selective P enrichment will favor them, especially the N2-fixing genera. Rather, Microcystis-dominated blooms remained N-limited during summer months and were not replaced by N2-fixing genera, indicating that internal N and P regeneration of previously loaded nutrients must be sustaining blooms. Successful 'de-eutrophication' of Taihu will require reductions of both N and P inputs in all lake regions in order to control blooms and counter the legacy of several decades of nutrient over-enrichment.
(Ga,Mn)As under pressure: a first-principles investigation
Creators: name: Szwacki, N. Gonzalez
name: Majewski, Jacek A.
name: Dietl, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic and magnetic properties of Ga$_{1-x}$Mn$_{x}$As, obtained from first-principles calculations employing the hybrid HSE06 functional, are presented for $x=6.25\%$ and $12.5\%$ under pressures ranging from 0 to 15 GPa. In agreement with photoemission experiments at ambient pressure, we find for $x=6.25\%$ that non-hybridized Mn-3$d$ levels and Mn-induced states reside about 5 and 0.4 eV below the Fermi energy, respectively. For elevated pressures, the Mn-3$d$ levels, Mn-induced states, and the Fermi level shift towards higher energies, however, the position of the Mn-induced states relative to the Fermi energy remains constant due to hybridization of the Mn-3$d$ levels with the valence As-4$p$ orbitals. We also evaluate, employing Monte Carlo simulations, the Curie temperature ($T_{\rm C}$). At zero pressure, we obtain $T_{\rm C}=181$K, whereas the pressure-induced changes in $T_{\rm C}$ are d$T_{\rm C}$/d$p=+4.3$K/GPa for $x=12.5\%$ and an estimated value of d$T_{\rm C}$/d$p\approx+2.2$K/GPa for $x=6.25\%$ under pressures up to 6 GPa. The determined values of d$T_{\rm C}$/d$p$ compare favorably with d$T_{\rm C}$/d$p=+$(2-3) K/GPa at $p\leq1.2$GPa found experimentally and estimated within the $p$-$d$ Zener model for Ga$_{0.93}$Mn$_{0.07}$As in the regime where hole localization effects are of minor importance [M. Gryglas-Borysiewicz $et$ $al$., Phys. Rev. B ${\bf 82}$, 153204 (2010)].
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Unsupervised Driving Event Discovery Based on Vehicle CAN-data
Creators: name: Kreutz, Thomas
name: Esbel, Ousama
name: Mühlhäuser, Max
name: Guinea, Alejandro Sanchez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The data collected from a vehicle's Controller Area Network (CAN) can quickly exceed human analysis or annotation capabilities when considering fleets of vehicles, which stresses the importance of unsupervised machine learning methods. This work presents a simultaneous clustering and segmentation approach for vehicle CAN-data that identifies common driving events in an unsupervised manner. The approach builds on self-supervised learning (SSL) for multivariate time series to distinguish different driving events in the learned latent space. We evaluate our approach with a dataset of real Tesla Model 3 vehicle CAN-data and a two-hour driving session that we annotated with different driving events. With our approach, we evaluate the applicability of recent time series-related contrastive and generative SSL techniques to learn representations that distinguish driving events. Compared to state-of-the-art (SOTA) generative SSL methods for driving event discovery, we find that contrastive learning approaches reach similar performance.
description: Preprint, paper has been accepted to ITSC2022
title: Handlungsempfehlung zu Stärkung der Resilienz von Behandelnden und Umgang mit Second Victims im Rahmen der Covid‐19‐Pandemie zur Sicherung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Gesundheitswesens
Creators: name: Strametz, Reinhard
name: Raspe, Matthias
name: Ettl, Brigitte
name: Huf, Wolfgang
name: Pitz, Andreas
name: Aktionsbündnis Patientensicherheit
name: Plattform Patientensicherheit
name: universitätsmedizin berlin
Publisher: name: Aktionsbündnis Patientensicherheit
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences

description: Der Begriff Second Victim beschreibt eine an der Patientenversorgung beteiligte Person, die durch eine
außergewöhnliche Situation in der Patientenversorgung selbst traumatisiert wird. Dieses in der
Öffentlichkeit noch weitgehend unbekannte aber weit verbreitete Phänomen wird durch die Covid19‐
Pandemie verschärft und birgt das Risiko, durch eine ausgeprägte psychische Überlastung der
Behandelnden Gesundheitssysteme zusätzlich unter Druck zu setzen. Dies stellt sowohl für die
Patienten‐ als auch für die Mitarbeitersicherheit eine ernstzunehmende Gefahr dar.
Das Second Victim Phänomen ist gut erforscht und bedarf einer zweigleisigen Strategie. Einerseits
müssen Second Victims in einem flächendeckenden, möglichst niederschwellig erreichbaren,
gestuften System schnell, persönlich und vertraulich unterstützt werden. Andererseits kommt der
Stärkung der Resilienz aller Behandelnden besondere Bedeutung zu. Die Resilienz und damit die
langfristige Leistungsfähigkeit der Behandelnden kann durch eine besondere Berücksichtigung im
Führungsverhalten und in der Krisenkommunikation nachhaltig unterstützt werden. Sie leistet somit
sowohl kurzfristig als auch nachhaltig einen positiven Beitrag für die Patientensicherheit und damit die
Überlebenschancen vieler Patienten während und nach der Covid19‐Pandemie.
FACTORS INFLUENCING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING COMPETENCY: A CASE STUDY ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Creators: name: Paisan MALANGTUPTHONG
Publisher: name: PSAKU International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mathematical Problem-Solving Competency
Teacher Teaching
Mathematics Achievement Motivation
Attitude Towards Mathematics

description: PSAKU International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 11, 2, 1-18
The Bending of C$_3$: Experimentally Probing the $l$-type Doubling and Resonance
Creators: name: Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Doney, Kirstin D.
name: Pirali, Olivier
name: Vervloet, Michel
name: Tokaryk, Dennis
name: Western, Colin
name: Linnartz, Harold
name: Chen, Yang
name: Zhao, Dongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: C$_3$, a pure carbon chain molecule that has been identified in different astronomical environments, is considered a good probe of kinetic temperatures through observation of transitions involving its low-lying bending mode ($ν_2$) in its ground electronic state. The present laboratory work aims to investigate this bending mode with multiple quanta of excitation by combining recordings of high resolution optical and infrared spectra of C$_3$ produced in discharge experiments. The optical spectra of rovibronic (A $^1Π_u -$ X $^1Σ_g^+$) transitions have been recorded by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy using a single longitude mode optical parametric oscillator as narrow bandwidth laser source at the University of Science and Technology of China. 36 bands originating from X(0$v_2$0), $v_2 = 0-5$, are assigned. The mid-infrared spectrum of the rovibrational $ν_3$ band has been recorded by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy using a globar source on the AILES beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility. The spectrum reveals hot bands involving up to 5 quanta of excitation in $ν_2$. From combining analyses of all the presently recorded spectra and literature data, accurate rotational parameters and absolute energy levels of C$_3$, in particular for states involving the bending mode, are determined. A single PGOPHER file containing all available data involving the X and A states (literature and present study) is used to fit all the data. The spectroscopic information derived from this work enables new interstellar searches for C$_3$, not only in the infrared and optical regions investigated here but also notably in the $ν_2$ band region (around 63 cm$^{-1}$) where vibrational satellites can now be accurately predicted. This makes C$_3$ a universal diagnostic tool to study very different astronomical environments, from dark and dense to translucent clouds.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
An adjustable-length cavity and Bose-Einstein condensate apparatus for multimode cavity QED
Creators: name: Kollár, Alicia J.
name: Papageorge, Alexander T.
name: Baumann, Kristian
name: Armen, Michael A.
name: Lev, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel cavity QED system in which a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is trapped within a high-finesse optical cavity whose length may be adjusted to access both single-mode and multimode configurations. We demonstrate the coupling of an atomic ensemble to the cavity in both configurations. The atoms are confined either within an intracavity far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (FORT) or a crossed optical dipole trap via transversely oriented lasers. Multimode cavity QED provides fully emergent and dynamical optical lattices for intracavity BECs. Such systems will enable explorations of quantum soft matter, including superfluid smectics, superfluid glasses, and spin glasses as well as neuromorphic associative memory.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
How many samples are needed to leverage smoothness?
Creators: name: Cabannes, Vivien
name: Vigogna, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.2.6; F.2.2; G.3
subject: 68T05

description: A core principle in statistical learning is that smoothness of target functions allows to break the curse of dimensionality. However, learning a smooth function seems to require enough samples close to one another to get meaningful estimate of high-order derivatives, which would be hard in machine learning problems where the ratio between number of data and input dimension is relatively small. By deriving new lower bounds on the generalization error, this paper formalizes such an intuition, before investigating the role of constants and transitory regimes which are usually not depicted beyond classical learning theory statements while they play a dominant role in practice.
description: 34 pages, 13 figures
Herrn Professor Gellerts Geistliche Oden und Lieder
Creators: name: Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel
name: Gellert, Christian Fürchtegott
name: Winter, Georg Ludwig
Publisher: name: Winter
Year: 1759

description: mit Melodien von Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
description: Mit Vignette & Titelumrahmung
description: Handschriftlicher Besitzvermerk von Lucas Sarasin links oben auf dem Innendeckel
Modeling asteroid collisions and impact processes
Creators: name: Jutzi, Martin
name: Holsapple, Keith
name: Wünneman, Kai
name: Michel, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a complement to experimental and theoretical approaches, numerical modeling has become an important component to study asteroid collisions and impact processes. In the last decade, there have been significant advances in both computational resources and numerical methods. We discuss the present state-of-the-art numerical methods and material models used in "shock physics codes" to simulate impacts and collisions and give some examples of those codes. Finally, recent modeling studies are presented, focussing on the effects of various material properties and target structures on the outcome of a collision.
description: Chapter to appear in the Space Science Series Book: Asteroids IV. Includes minor corrections
Importance of atmospherically deposited nitrogen to the annual nitrogen budget of the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina
Creators: name: Paerl, H.
name: Hendrickson, B.
name: Whitall, D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2003

description: Wet deposition of nitrogen, as NH4+, NO3-, and organic N, contributes up to 50% of the total externally supplied or 'new' N flux to the Neuse River Estuary (North Carolina). Excessive nitrogen (N) loading to N-sensitive waters such as the Neuse River Estuary has been linked to changes in microbial and algal community composition and function (harmful algal blooms), hypoxia/anoxia, and fish kills. In a 4-year study from July 1996 to July 2000, the weekly wet deposition of NH4+, NO3-, and dissolved organic N was calculated, based on concentration and precipitation measurements, at 11 sites on a northwest-southeast transect in the watershed. Data from this period indicate that the annual mean total wet atmospherically deposited (AD)-N flux was 11 kg ha-1 year-1. Deposition was fairly evenly distributed between nitrate, ammonium, and organics (32%, 32%, and 36%, respectively). Seasonally, the summer (June-August) months contained the highest weekly wet total N deposition; this trend was not driven by precipitation amount. Estimates of watershed N retention and in-stream riverine processing revealed that the AD-N flux contributed an estimated 20% (range of 15-51%) of the total 'new' N flux to the estuary, with direct deposition of N to the estuary surface accounting for 6% of the total 'new' N flux. This study did not measure the dry depositional flux, which may double the contribution of AD-N to the estuary. The AD-N is an important source of 'new' N to the Neuse River Estuary as well as other estuarine and coastal ecosystems downwind of major emission sources. As such, AD-N should be included in effective nutrient mitigation and management efforts for these N-sensitive waters.
Scatter broadening measurements of 124 pulsars at 327 MHz
Creators: name: Krishnakumar, M. A.
name: Mitra, Dipanjan
name: Naidu, Arun
name: Joshi, Bhal Chandra
name: Manoharan, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the measurements of scatter broadening time-scales ($τ_{sc}$) for 124 pulsars at 327 MHz, using the upgraded Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT). These pulsars lie in the dispersion measure range of 37 $-$ 503 pc cm$^{-3}$ and declination ($δ$) range of $-$57$^{\circ} < δ< 60^{\circ}$. New $τ_{sc}$ estimates for 58 pulsars are presented, increasing the sample of all such measurements by about 40% at 327 MHz. Using all available $τ_{sc}$ measurements in the literature, we investigate the dependence of $τ_{sc}$ on dispersion measure. Our measurements, together with previously reported values for $τ_{sc}$, affirm that the ionized interstellar medium upto 3 kpc is consistent with Kolmogorov spectrum, while it deviates significantly beyond this distance.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Defective high-entropy oxide photocatalyst with high activity for CO2 conversion
Creators: name: Akrami, Saeid
name: Murakami, Yasushi
name: Watanabe, Monotori
name: Ishihara, Tatsumi
name: Arita, Makoto
name: Fuji, Masayoshi
name: Edalati, Kaveh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-entropy oxides (HEOs), as a new family of materials with five or more principal cations, have shown promising properties for various applications. In this work and inspired by inherent defective and strained structure of HEOs, photocatalytic CO2 conversion is examined on a dual-phase TiZrNbHfTaO11 synthesized by a two-step high-pressure torsion mechanical alloying and high-temperature oxidation. The HEO, which had various structural defects, showed simultaneous photocatalytic activity for CO2 to CO and H2O to H2 conversion without the addition of a co-catalyst. The photocatalytic activity of this HEO for CO2 conversion was better than conventional photocatalysts such as anatase TiO2 and BiVO4 and similar to P25 TiO2. The high activity of HEO was discussed in terms of lattice defects, lattice strain, light absorbance, band structure, photocurrent generation and charge carrier mobility to activation centers. The current study confirms the high potential of HEOs as a new family of photocatalysts for CO2 conversion.
Fish kills and bottom-water hypoxia in the Neuse River and Estuary: Reply to Burkholder et al.
Creators: name: Pinckney, J.L.
name: Fear, J.M.
name: Peierls, B.L.
name: Paerl, H.W.
Publisher: name: Inter-Research
Year: 1999

description: Burkholder et al. (1999) authored a comment in Manne Ecology Progress Series (MEPS) that selectively criticizes elements of our findings that appeared earlier in the same journal (Paerl et al. 1998). For the benefit of the readership of MEPS, it would have been useful to have had both their comment and our reply in the same volume. Unfortunately, we were not informed of their comment pnor to its publication.
File S1 & S2.docx from The gender-specific impact of starvation on mitotypes diversity in adults of Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Wang, Tao
name: Li, Tian-Chu
name: Miao, Yun-Heng
name: Wu, Luo-Nan
name: Chen, Yu-Qiao
name: Huang, Da-Wei
name: Xiao, Jin-Hua
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology

description: In animals, starvation can increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in some tissues. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more vulnerable to being attacked by ROS due to the lack of histone protection, leading to oxidative damage. However, whether starvation is associated with the genetic diversity of mtDNA remains unclear. Here, by using adult individuals of Drosophila melanogaster under three different feeding treatments (starvation, with provision of only water, and normal feeding), based on the high-throughput sequencing results of the PCR amplicons of the partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mt-cox1), no significant difference in the mean number of mitochondrial haplotypes and the mean genetic distance of haplotypes within individuals were identified between the three treatment groups. Coupled with the low proportion of heterogeneous mt-cox1 sequences within each individual, it suggested that starvation had a limited impact on mitotype genetic diversity and mitochondrial function. Nevertheless, starvation could significantly increase the sequence number of haplotypes containing specific mutations, and for males with higher levels of mitochondrial heteroplasmy than females in the normal feeding group, starvation could further increase this mitochondrial heteroplasmy.
Impact of Severe Plastic Deformation on Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Storage in Magnesium and Its Alloys
Creators: name: Edalati, Kaveh
name: Akiba, Etsuo
name: Botta, Walter J.
name: Estrin, Yuri
name: Floriano, Ricardo
name: Fruchart, Daniel
name: Grosdidier, Thierry
name: Horita, Zenji
name: Huot, Jacques
name: Li, Hai-Wen
name: Lin, Huai-Jun
name: Revesz, Adam
name: Zehetbauer, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnesium and its alloys are the most investigated materials for solid-state hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides, but there are still unresolved problems with the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of this group of materials. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods, such as equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT), intensive rolling and fast forging, have been widely used to enhance the activation, air resistance, and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by introducing ultrafine/nanoscale grains and crystal lattice defects. These severely deformed materials, particularly in the presence of alloying additives or second-phase nanoparticles, can show not only fast hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics but also good cycling stability. It was shown that some materials that are apparently inert to hydrogen can absorb hydrogen after SPD processing. Moreover, the SPD methods were effectively used for hydrogen binding-energy engineering and synthesizing new magnesium alloys with low thermodynamic stability for reversible low/room-temperature hydrogen storage, such as nanoglasses, high-entropy alloys, and metastable phases including the high-pressure γ-MgH2 polymorph. This article reviews recent advances in the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by SPD processing and discusses their potential in future applications.
Adaptation of Tongue Ultrasound-Based Silent Speech Interfaces Using Spatial Transformer Networks
Creators: name: Tóth, László
name: Shandiz, Amin Honarmandi
name: Gosztolya, Gábor
name: Gábor, Csapó Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Thanks to the latest deep learning algorithms, silent speech interfaces (SSI) are now able to synthesize intelligible speech from articulatory movement data under certain conditions. However, the resulting models are rather speaker-specific, making a quick switch between users troublesome. Even for the same speaker, these models perform poorly cross-session, i.e. after dismounting and re-mounting the recording equipment. To aid quick speaker and session adaptation of ultrasound tongue imaging-based SSI models, we extend our deep networks with a spatial transformer network (STN) module, capable of performing an affine transformation on the input images. Although the STN part takes up only about 10% of the network, our experiments show that adapting just the STN module might allow to reduce MSE by 88% on the average, compared to retraining the whole network. The improvement is even larger (around 92%) when adapting the network to different recording sessions from the same speaker.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
Visible-light photocatalytic oxygen production on a high-entropy oxide by multiple-heterojunction introduction
Creators: name: Edalati, Parisa
name: Itagoe, Yuta
name: Ishihara, Hironori
name: Ishihara, Tatsumi
name: Emami, Hoda
name: Arita, Makoto
name: Fuji, Masayoshi
name: Edalati, Kaveh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-entropy oxides (HEOs), as multi-component ceramics with high configurational entropy, have been of recent interest due to their attractive properties including photocatalytic activity for H2 production and CO2 conversion. However, the photocatalytic activity of HEOs is still limited to ultraviolet light. In this study, to achieve visible-light-driven photocatalysis, 10 different heterojunctions were simultaneously introduced in the Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta-W-O system. The oxide, which was synthesized by a high-pressure torsion method and oxidation, successfully produced oxygen from water under visible light without co-catalyst addition. The photocatalytic performance was attributed to high visible-light absorption, narrow bandgap, appropriate band structure, presence of multiple heterojunctions and accordingly easy electron-hole separation and slow recombination. These results not only show the potential of high-entropy oxides as new visible-light-active photocatalysts, but also introduce the multiple-heterojunction introduction as a strategy to achieve photocatalysis under visible light.
Additional file 1 of Interventions in preconception and pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Creators: name: Quotah, Ola F.
name: Andreeva, Daria
name: Nowak, Katarzyna G.
name: Dalrymple, Kathryn V.
name: Almubarak, Aljawharah
name: Patel, Anjali
name: Vyas, Nirali
name: Cakir, Gözde S.
name: Heslehurst, Nicola
name: Bell, Zoe
name: Poston, Lucilla
name: White, Sara L.
name: Flynn, Angela C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table A1. Literature search strategy (MEDLINE). Table A2. Literature search strategy (EMBASE). Table A3. Literature search strategy (Cochrane Library). Table A4. Characteristics of the included studies. Table A5. Summary of criteria used for GDM risk stratification and intervention characteristic. Table A6. Pregnancy outcomes. Table A7. Eggers test of publication bias for antenatal interventions. Figure A1. Funnel plots of publication bias for antenatal interventions.
Cosmology in the Lorentz gauge theory
Creators: name: Koivisto, Tomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This proceeding is an introduction to cosmological applications of the Lorentz gauge theory. It provides the ingredients for a unique, though yet tentative $Λ$CDM theory of cosmology. The emergence of spacetime is described by the spontaneous symmetry breaking called here the khronogenesis. Space is then associated with the field strength of the antiself-dual gauge potential, and gravity is associated with the self-dual field strength. In the cosmological setting, khronogenesis seems to predict inflation. It is shown that the Lorentz gauge theory allows the consistent description of spin currents which could have important roles in cosmological phenomenology.
description: 24 pages
Recalibrating the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) W4 Filter
Creators: name: Brown, M. J. I.
name: Jarrett, T. H.
name: Cluver, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a revised effective wavelength and photometric calibration for the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) W4 band, including tests of empirically motivated modifications to its pre-launch laboratory-measured relative system response curve. We derived these by comparing measured W4 photometry with photometry synthesised from spectra of galaxies and planetary nebulae. The difference between measured and synthesised photometry using the pre-launch laboratory-measured W4 relative system response can be as large as 0.3 mag for galaxies and 1 mag for planetary nebulae. We find the W4 effective wavelength should be revised upward by 3.3%, from 22.1 micron to 22.8 micron, and the W4 AB magnitude of Vega should be revised from m = 6.59 to m = 6.66. In an attempt to reproduce the observed W4 photometry, we tested three modifications to the pre-launch laboratory-measured W4 relative system response curve, all of which have an effective wavelength of 22.8 micron. Of the three relative system response curve models tested, a model that matches the laboratory-measured relative system response curve, but has the wavelengths increased by 3.3% (or 0.73 micron) achieves reasonable agreement between the measured and synthesised photometry.
description: Accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
The RINGS Survey I: Halpha and HI Velocity Maps of Galaxy NGC 2280
Creators: name: Mitchell, Carl J.
name: Williams, T. B.
name: Spekkens, Kristine
name: Lee-Waddell, K.
name: de Naray, Rachel Kuzio
name: Sellwood, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise measurements of gas kinematics in the disk of a spiral galaxy can be used to estimate its mass distribution. The Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) has a large collecting area and field of view, and is equipped with a Fabry-Perot interferometer that can measure gas kinematics in a galaxy from the Halpha line. To take advantage of this capability, we have constructed a sample of 19 nearby spiral galaxies, the RSS Imaging and Spectroscopy Nearby Galaxy Survey (RINGS), as targets for detailed study of their mass distributions and have collected much of the needed data. In this paper, we present velocity maps produced from Halpha Fabry-Perot interferometry and HI aperture synthesis for one of these galaxies, NGC 2280, and show that the two velocity measurements are generally in excellent agreement. Minor differences can mostly be attributed to the different spatial distributions of the excited and neutral gas in this galaxy, but we do detect some anomalous velocities in our Halpha velocity map of the kind that have previously been detected in other galaxies. Models produced from our two velocity maps agree well with each other and our estimates of the systemic velocity and projection angles confirm previous measurements of these quantities for NGC 2280.
description: Revised version submitted to AJ. 14 pages, 11 figures
Nonlinear characteristics of Ti, Nb, and NbN superconducting resonators for parametric amplifiers
Creators: name: Zhao, Songyuan
name: Withington, Stafford
name: Thomas, Christopher Niall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting resonators and parametric amplifiers are important components in scientific systems such as kinetic inductance detector arrays, frequency-domain multiplexers for other superconducting bolometers, spin-ensemble based memories, and circuit quantum electrodynamics demonstrators. In this paper, we report microwave measurements of superconducting Ti, Nb, and NbN resonators and their use as parametric amplifiers. These half-wave resonators were fabricated under near identical sputtering and lithographic conditions to ensure a like-for-like comparison of material properties. We report a wide range of properties and behaviours in terms of transition temperatures, resistivities, rate-limiting nonlinear response times, nonlinear dissipation, signs of the nonlinear inductances and their dependences on temperature and resonance harmonic. We have successfully operated Nb and NbN resonators as high gain parametric amplifiers, achieving greater than $20\,\mathrm{dB}$ of power amplification. We have shown that for a half-wave resonator, amplification can be realised not only in the fundamental resonance but also in the higher harmonic resonances. Further, for materials with high transition temperatures, e.g. Nb and NbN, amplification can be achieved at $\sim4\,\mathrm{K}$, i.e. a temperature maintained by a pulse tube cooler. Finally, in materials systems that have very fast response times, e.g. NbN, we have found that a cross-harmonic type of amplification can be achieved by placing pump tone in a different resonant mode as the signal and the idler. This wide range of observations will have important implications on the design and application of superconducting parametric amplifiers.
Iron-stimulated N2 fixation and growth in natural and cultured populations of the planktonic marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp.
Creators: name: Paerl, H.W.
name: Guo, C.
name: Prufert-Bebout, L.E.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 1994

description: In light of recent proposals that iron (Fe) availability may play an important role in controlling oceanic primary production and nutrient flux, its regulatory impact on N2 fixation and production dynamics was investigated in the widespread and biogeochemically important diazotrophic, planktonic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. Fe additions, as FeCl3 and EDTA- chelated FeCl3, enhanced N2 fixation (nitrogenase activity), photosynthesis (CO2 fixation), and growth (chlorophyll a production) in both naturally occurring and cultured (on unenriched oligotrophic seawater) Trichodesmium populations. Maximum enhancement of these processes occurred under FeEDTA- amended conditions. On occasions, EDTA alone led to enhancement. No evidence for previously proposed molybdenum or phosphorus limitation was found. Our findings geographically extend support for Fe limitation of N2 fixation and primary production to tropical and subtropical oligotrophic ocean waters often characterized by Trichodesmium blooms.
Additional file 1 of Immediate pressor response to oral salt and its assessment in the clinic: a time series clinical trial
Creators: name: Masenga, Sepiso K.
name: Pilic, Leta
name: Hamooya, Benson M.
name: Nzala, Selestine
name: Heimburger, Douglas C.
name: Mutale, Wilbroad
name: Koethe, John R.
name: Kirabo, Annet
name: Munsaka, Sody M.
name: Elijovich, Fernando
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. Preintervention blood pressures over 40 minutes, from onset of experiment until baseline. Table S2. Proportion of participants with MAP and SBP exceeding cutoffs at each time interval. Table S3. Strength of association between IPROS and BP response categories
Joint time and frequency dissemination network over delay-stabilized fiber optic links
Creators: name: Chen, Wei
name: Liu, Qin
name: Cheng, Nan
name: Xu, Dan
name: Yang, Fei
name: Gui, Youzhen
name: Cai, Haiwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A precise fiber-based time and frequency dissemination scheme for multiple users with a tree-like branching topology is proposed. Through this scheme, ultra-stable signals can be easily accessed online anywhere along the fiber without affecting other sites. The scheme is tested through an experiment, in which a modulated frequency signal and a synchronized time signal are transferred to multiple remote sites over a delay-stabilized fiber optic links that are over 50 km long. Results show that the relative stabilities are 5E-14@1s and 2E-17@10000s. Meanwhile, compared with each site, time synchronization precision is less than 80 ps. These results can pave the way to practical applications in joint time and frequency dissemination network systems.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Planktonic trophic transfer in an estuary: Seasonal, diel, and community structure effects
Creators: name: Paerl, H.W.
name: Mallin, M.A.
Publisher: name: Ecological Society of America
Year: 1994

description: The high tertiary production of estuaries is largely supported by phytoplank- ton primary production. An important question thus concerns how much phytoplankton production enters the food web through planktonic grazing and what physical, chemical, or biological factors influence this trophic transfer. We conducted a 2-yr, diel investigation of planktonic trophic transfer and the factors influencing it in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina. Zooplankton community grazing rates were generally lowest in winter and highest spring through late summer, ranging from 0.1 to 310 mL L-1 h-1. There were few significant diel differences in community grazing rates. The overall daytime mean (± 1 SE) rate was 3.30 ± 0.62 mL L-1 h-1 while the night mean rate was 3.07 ± 0.60 mL L-1 h-1. Post- naupliar copepods were usually more abundant at night than day, but tintinnids were often more abundant by day, while total zooplankton, copepod nauplii, and rotifers displayed no significant diel abundance differences. Community grazing was positively correlated with primary productivity and the abun- dance of total phytoplankton, centric diatoms, dinoflagellates, and the small centric diatom Thalassiosira. Community grazing was also positively correlated with upstream river flow and negatively correlated with salinity. However, there were no significant correlations with water temperature, nutrient concentrations, or grazer abundance variables. On an annual basis, the zooplankton community grazed ≈ 38-45% of daily phytoplank- ton production. Planktonic trophic transfer was coincidentally greatest in late spring through summer, during the period when anadromous fish larvae migrating from the open ocean reach their estuarine primary nursery areas. The fish arrive when planktonic trophic coupling is strongest and depart in fall, when planktonic trophic transfer, zooplankton abundance, and phytoplankton productivity all decrease.
Self-Assembly of Soot Nanoparticles on the Surface of Resistively Heated Carbon Microtubes in Near-Hexagonal Arrays of Micropyramids
Creators: name: Luchnikov, Valeriy A
name: Saito, Yukie
name: Delmotte, Luc
name: Dentzer, Joseph
name: Denys, Emmanuel
name: Malesys, Vincent
name: Josien, Ludovic
name: Simon, Laurent
name: Gree, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Almost regular hexagonal arrays of a few micrometers tall and wide micropyramids consisting of soot nano-particles are formed on the surface of graphitized hollow filaments, which are resistively heated to ~1800$^\circ$C-2400$^\circ$C in an Ar atmosphere containing trace amounts of oxygen (~300 p.p.m.). At the higher temperatures (T>2300$^\circ$C, approximately) the soot particles are represented mainly by multi-shell carbon nano-onions. The height and the width of the pyramids is strongly dependent on the temperature of the resistive heating, diminishing from 5-10mkm at T=1800$^\circ$C to 1mkm at 2300-2400$^\circ$C. Quasi-hexagonal arrays of the micropyramids are organized in the convex ``craters'' on the surface of the microtubes, which grow with the time of the thermal treatment. The pyramids are pointing always normally to the surface of the craters, except at the boundaries between the craters, where the normal direction is not well defined. The pyramids are soft and can be easy destroyed by touching them, but can be hardened by heating them in the oxygen-free atmosphere. The pyramids are observed only on the exterior surface of the microtubes, but not on their inner surface. This suggests that the thermophoretic force generated by a strong temperature gradient near the external surface of the tubes may be the cause of the micropyramids formation. Electrostatic charging of the soot nanoparticles due to thermionic emission may also be relevant to this phenomenon. The micropyramids can function as field emission point sources, as demonstrated with the use of a micro-nanoprobing station, mounted in a scanning electron microscope.
description: ACS Nano, In press
Revisiting the extraction of charge radii of $^{40}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb with muonic atom spectroscopy
Creators: name: Xie, Hui Hui
name: Naito, Tomoya
name: Li, Jian
name: Liang, Haozhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extractions of nuclear charge radii from muonic atom spectroscopy for $^{40}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb are revisited to analyze the model dependencies induced by employing a Fermi-type charge distribution. For that, the charge densities, together with the corresponding muonic transition energies, calculated by the covariant density functional theory are used as a benchmark. The root-mean-square deviation of transition energies is calculated to quantitatively investigate the sensitivities of transition energies to the details of the two-parameter Fermi distribution. It is found that the second and fourth moments of the charge distribution can be extracted accurately from the muonic atom spectroscopy without much model dependencies, whereas the obtained two-parameter Fermi distributions cannot reproduce the details of the benchmarking charge densities and, in particular, its surface-diffuseness parameter cannot be determined accurately with the present experimental uncertainties on the muonic transition energies.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, and 2 tables