cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Lexical Index of Electoral Democracy
Creators: name: Skaaning, Svend-Erik
name: Gerring, John
name: Bartusevičius, Henrikas
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 Recent years have seen an efflorescence of work focused on the definition and operationalization of democracy. One debate concerns the scale, i.e., whether democracy is best measured by binary or graded scales. Critics of binary indices point out at that they are overly reductionist; all features of a regime must be reduced to a single coding decision, producing binary sets that lack discriminating power. Defenders counter that the different levels of graded measures are not associated with a specific set of conditions, meaning that they are difficult to interpret. Against this backdrop, we propose to operationalize electoral democracy as a series of necessary-and sufficient conditions arrayed in an ordinal scale. The resulting “lexical” index of electoral democracy, based partly on new data collected by the authors, covers all independent countries of the world from 1800 to 2008. It incorporates binary coding of its sub-components based on factual characteristics of regimes and in this way reduces the problem of subjective judgments by coders for non-binary democracy indices. Binary codings are aggregated into an ordinal scale using a cumulative logic. In this fashion, we arrive at an index that performs a classificatory function – each level identifies a unique and theoretically meaningful regime type – as well as a discriminating function.

 Resumen

 En los últimos años hemos asistido a una erupción de trabajos enfocados en la definición y la operacionalización del concepto de democracia. Uno de los debates refiere a la escala, esto es, a si la mejor forma de medir la democracia es con escalas binarias o graduales. Los críticos de los índices binarios señalan que son excesivamente reduccionistas; todos los atributos de un régimen deben reducirse a una decisión de codificación singular, produciendo conjuntos binarios que carecen de poder de discriminación. Los defensores responden que los diferentes niveles de las medidas graduales no están asociados con conjuntos específicos de condiciones, lo que quiere decir que son difíciles de interpretar. Sobre este trasfondo, proponemos operacionalizar la noción de democracia electoral como una serie de condiciones tanto necesarias como suficientes organizadas en una escala ordinal. El índice “lexical” de democracia electoral resultante, basado en parte en nuevos datos recogidos por los autores, cubre todos los países independientes del mundo desde 1800 hasta 2008. Incorpora una codificación binaria de sub-componentes basada en características fácticas de los regímenes y de este modo reduce el problema de los juicios subjetivos de quienes codifican los índices de democracia no binarios. Las codificaciones binarias se agregan en una escala ordinal usando una lógica acumulativa. De este modo, llegamos a un índice que desempeña la función de clasificación –cada nivel identifica un tipo de régimen singular y teóricamente significativo—tanto como la función de discriminación.
Vote-Buying and Asymmetric Information
Creators: name: Zarazaga, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 Previous works on vote-buying have highlighted that an informational advantage allows party machines to efficiently distribute discretionary transfers to voters. However, the microfoundations that allow party machines to electorally exploit their informational advantage have not yet been elucidated. The probabilistic model in this paper provides the microfounded mechanism that explains how party machines translate their informational advantage into more efficient allocation of discretionary transfers and win elections with higher probabilities than their contenders. Furthermore, its probabilistic design allows the model to account for why party machines target their own supporters with discretionary transfers. In-depth interviews with 120 brokers from Argentina motivate the model.

 Resumen

 La bibliografía disponible sobre clientelismo y compra de votos ha resaltado que las maquinarias políticas disponen de una ventaja informacional que les permite distribuir eficientemente transferencias discrecionales a los votantes. Sin embargo, los mecanismos que permiten a estas maquinarias políticas explotar electoralmente sus ventajas informacionales no han sido explicados. El modelo probabilístico desarrollado en este artículo revela los micro fundamentos que explican cómo las maquinarias políticas transforman sus ventajas informacionales en una distribución más eficiente de las transferencias discrecionales y ganan elecciones con más alta probabilidad que sus contrincantes. Este modelo probabilístico también expone por qué las maquinarias políticas distribuyen a sus propios partidarios transferencias discrecionales. El modelo está motivado con evidencia proveniente de 120 entrevistas en profundidad con punteros de Argentina.
Women’s Representation and Legislative Committee Appointments: The Case of the Argentine Provinces
Creators: name: Barnes, Tiffany
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 Over the last two decades a large number of countries worldwide have adopted a gender quota to increase women’s political representation in the legislature. While quotas are designed to achieve equality in legislative power and decision-making, it is unclear if electing more women to legislative office is sufficient to accomplish institutional incorporation. Once women are elected to office, are they being incorporated into the legislative body and gaining their own political power, or are they being marginalized? Using an original data set that tracks committee appointments in the twenty-two Argentine legislative chambers over an eighteen-year period, I evaluate the extent to which women have access to powerful committee appointments—beyond traditional women’s domains committees—and how women’s access to committee appointments changes over time. I hypothesize that while women may initially be sidelined, as they gain more experience in the legislature they may overcome institutional barriers and develop institutional knowledge that will better equip them to work within the system to gain access to valuable committee appointments.

 Resumen

 Durante las dos últimas décadas un gran número de países de todo el mundo adoptaron cuotas de género para aumentar la representación política de las mujeres en las legislaturas. Si bien las cuotas han sido diseñadas para alcanzar igualdad en el poder legislativo y en la toma de decisiones, no está claro si la elección de más mujeres para cargos legislativos es suficiente para completar la incorporación institucional. Una vez que las mujeres son electas, ¿se las incorpora al cuerpo legislativo y ganan su propio poder político o se las margina? Usando una base de datos original que registra los nombramientos en comisiones en 22 cámaras legislativas en Argentina durante 18 años, evalúo en qué medida las mujeres tienen acceso a posiciones de poder en las comisiones –más allá de las comisiones de temas tradicionalmente considerados de mujeres— y cómo cambia a lo largo del tiempo el acceso de las mujeres a los nombramientos dentro de las comisiones. Mi hipótesis es que aunque inicialmente las mujeres pueden ser marginadas, a medida que ganan más experiencia en la legislatura pueden superar las barreras institucionales y desarrollar conocimiento institucional que las prepara mejor para trabajar dentro del sistema de modo de tener acceso a nombramientos valiosos en las comisiones.
Resisting Hegemony: Transformations of National Identity Under Foreign Occupation
Creators: name: Person, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 How does the content of national identity change under foreign occupation? Using historical sources and analysis of Estonian nationalist discourse in the late Soviet period, this article demonstrates how and why Estonians built identity boundaries to delegitimize Soviet occupation. Adapting the content of their national identity in order to emphasize that “we” are the opposite of “them,” Estonians adopted attributes of their own identity formed in dialectic opposition to perceived Russian attributes. However, not all “others” are equal: under occupation, identity development is oriented in opposition to the negative “other” rather than positive “others” toward which the occupied might aspire.

 Resumen

 Como cambia el contenido de la identidad nacional bajo una ocupación extranjera? Usando fuentes históricas y un análisis del discurso nacionalista estonio en el período soviético tardío, este artículo demuestra cómo y por qué los estonios construyeron límites identitarios para deslegitimar la ocupación soviética. Adaptando el contenido de su identidad nacional a fin de enfatizar que “nosotros” somos lo opuesto a “ellos,” los estonios adoptaron atributos de su propia identidad formados en oposición dialéctica a los atributos percibidos como rusos. No obstante, no todos los “otros” son iguales: bajo la ocupación, el desarrollo de la identidad se orienta más en oposición al “otro” negativo que a “otros” positivos a los que la población ocupada puede aspirar.
Herrn Hofmeisters Landgut u. Fabrick ohnweitt Zürich
Creators: name: Aschmann, Johann Jakob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1790
Subjects: Fabrikgebäude

description: Kattunfabrik, erbaut ca. 1782, und Landhaus von Heinrich Hofmeister
description: J. Aschm. f.
‘We Are Gaúchos, We Are Gaúchas...’ Incitements to Gendered and Regional Subjectivity in the 2002 Brazilian Election Campaigns
Creators: name: Junge, Benjamin
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract
 This paper analyzes Brazil’s 2002 presidential and gubernatorial election-campaign discourse, identifying recurrent themes and modes of appeal within campaign discourses. In an introductory section, the conceptual and methodological framework is mapped out, drawing from “anthropology of politics” and media studies scholarship. In this context, a framework for analyzing campaign rhetoric’s appeals to a gendered subject and a regional (gaucho) subject is presented. Historical background is provided for the political context and stakes of the 2002 elections, followed by an overview the different types of media used in the campaigns. The analysis proper examines the rhetoric of the presidential campaigns (principally that of leftist Workers Party candidate Luiz Inácio “Lula” da Silva), followed by analysis of the Rio Grande do Sul gubernatorial campaigns. In the concluding section, the argument is presented that the citizen-subject implicit in the official discourses of the Lula campaign is individualist for its concern over everyday-life struggles, nationalist for its concern over the country’s well-being, and universalist for its concern with moral justice. For the gubernatorial campaigns, discursive appeal is constructed with heavy recourse to the “timeless tradition” of authentic (and symbolically masculine) gauchismo.

 Resumo

 Este texto analisa o discurso eleitoral nas campanhas presidenciais e para governador em 2002 no Brasil, identificando os temas recorrentes e os apelos de cada discurso de campanha. Em uma seção introdutória, mapeio as abordagens metodológica e conceitual empregadas no texto, derivadas da “antropologia da política” e das pesquisas sobre mídia. Nesse contexto, apresento uma abordagem para a análise dos apelos da retórica da campanha para um sujeito de gênero e para um sujeito regional (gaúcho). Os antecedentes históricos do contexto político e das disputas nas eleições de 2002 são apresentados, seguidos de uma visão geral dos diferentes tipos de mídia empregados em campanha. A análise examina a retórica das campanhas presidenciais (principalmente da do candidato do Partido dos Trabalhadores, de esquerda, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva), seguida pela análise das campanhas para governador no Rio Grande do Sul. Na seção final, o argumento apresentado é que o cidadão-sujeito implícito nos discursos oficiais da campanha de Lula é individualista no que concerne as suas lutas na vida cotidiana, nacionalista em sua preocupação com o bem-estar do país, e universalista em sua preocupação com a justiça moral. Para as campanhas para governador, o apelo discursivo é construído por meio de enfático recurso à "tradição intemporal" do autêntico (e simbolicamente masculino) gauchismo.
Rethinking the Comparative Perspective on Class and Representation: Evidence from Latin America
Creators: name: Carnes, Nicholas
name: Lupu, Noam
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 Does it matter that working-class citizens are numerically underrepresented in political offices throughout the world? For decades, the conventional wisdom in comparative politics has been that it does not, that lawmakers from different classes think and behave roughly the same in office. In this paper, we argue that this conclusion is misguided. Past research relied on inappropriate measures of officeholders’ class backgrounds, attitudes, and choices. Using data on 18 Latin American legislatures, we show that lawmakers from different classes bring different economic attitudes to the legislative process. And using data on one least-likely case, we show that pre-voting decisions like sponsoring legislation often differ dramatically along social class lines, even when political parties control higher-visibility decisions like roll-call votes. The unequal numerical or descriptive representation of social classes in the world’s legislatures has important consequences for the substantive representation of different class interests.

 Resumen

 ¿Importa que los ciudadanos de clase trabajadora estén numéricamente sub-representados en los cargos políticos en todo el mundo? Durante décadas, la opinión convencional en política comparada ha sido que no importa puesto que los legisladores de distintas clases sociales piensan y se comportan aproximadamente del mismo modo en sus cargos. En este artículo sostenemos que esta conclusión es errónea. Las investigaciones previas se han apoyado en medidas inadecuadas de los antecedentes de clase, las actitudes y las elecciones de los funcionarios. Usando datos de 18 legislaturas latinoamericanas, mostramos que los legisladores que provienen de distintas clases sociales traen consigo diferentes actitudes económicas hacia el proceso legislativo. Utilizando datos acerca de un caso menos probable, mostramos que las decisiones previas a las votaciones, como la firma de proyectos de ley, a menudo difieren dramáticamente de acuerdo con distinciones de clase, aun cuando los partidos políticos controlan las decisiones de alta visibilidad como las votaciones nominales. La desigualdad en la representación numérica o descriptiva de las clases sociales en las legislaturas del mundo tiene consecuencias importantes para la representación sustantiva de los diferentes intereses de clase.
Anoplognathus porosus
Creators: name: Seidel, Matthias
name: Reid, Chris A. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Anoplognathus
Anoplognathus porosus

description: Anoplognathus porosus (Dalman, 1817)
Rutela porosa Dalman, 1817 (in Schönherr 1817: 63)
Anoplognathus inustus Kirby, 1819: 405; Burmeister 1844: 445 (synonymy)
Anoplognathus pectoralis Burmeister, 1844: 443; Carne 1957: 115 (synonymy)
Anoplognathus luridus Arrow, 1901: 396; Carne 1957: 115 (synonymy)
Types. Rutela porosa Dalman, 1817: lectotype (present designation): ♀: “ Nov: Holland //NHRS-JLKB / 000029805” (NHRS).
Remarks. A lectotype is designated here for Rutela porosus (Fig. 3 I–L) to fix the species identity. Type material of Anoplognathus porosus was not seen by Carne (1957) but he correctly interpreted the species. The validity of the synonymization of A. inustus with A. porosus by Burmeister (1844) as well as A. pectoralis and A. luridus with A. porosus by Carne (1957), was not examined in this work.
Anoplognathus porosus occurs from Victoria to northern Queensland and is a common species around Sydney (AMS). It is similar to A. olivieri but females lack the lateral elytral expansion and the pygidium is bronze-green, with a border of recumbent white setae (Reid & Smith 2016; Burleigh & Reid 2017).
description: Published as part of Seidel, Matthias & Reid, Chris A. M., 2021, Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections, pp. 225-238 in Zootaxa 4908 (2) on pages 228-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4438339
“With or Without Cafta, We Need a Plan”: A Catholic Response to Free Trade in Costa Rica
Creators: name: Reynolds, Amy
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 Within Costa Rica, trade policy was a recent topic of public interest. Years of debate began in 2003, and culminated with a majority of citizens voting in a 2007 referendum. Catholic leaders played a prominent role within the public discourse, as evidenced in by the number of official statements they issued over the topic. They officially took a neutral political stance, while raising substantial procedural and ethical concerns. After considering the content of their involvement, I examine how the bishops used religious warrants in support of their critiques. I find that appeals to Catholic Social Thought, as well as references to official Vatican sources, ground most of their economic critiques— in particular, claims of human dignity, solidarity, and peace were central. I also examine the ways that organizational factors shaped their political engagement, finding that both their hierarchical structure and political context are critical towards their political strategy.

 Resumen

 Recientemente, la política comercial fue un asunto de interés público en Costa Rica. Los años de debate comenzaron en 2003 y culminaron en 2007 cuando una mayoría de ciudadanos votó en un referéndum. Los líderes católicos ocuparon un rol destacado en el discurso público, como lo demuestra el número de declaraciones oficiales que emitieron sobre el asunto. Oficialmente, adoptaron una posición política neutral, al tiempo que expresaron preocupaciones sustantivas y procedimentales sustanciales. Luego de considerar el contenido de su involucramiento, examino cómo los obispos utilizaron las órdenes religiosas para respaldar sus críticas. Encuentro que sostuvieron la mayor parte de sus críticas económicas sobre apelaciones a la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia y referencias a las fuentes oficiales vaticanas, en particular, reivindicaciones de la dignidad humana, la solidaridad y la paz fueron centrales. También examino los modos en que los factores institucionales dieron forma a su compromiso político y encuentro que tanto su estructura jerárquica como su contexto político son decisivos para su estrategia política.
Anoplognathus viridiaeneus
Creators: name: Seidel, Matthias
name: Reid, Chris A. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Anoplognathus
Anoplognathus viridiaeneus

description: Anoplognathus viridiaeneus (Donovan, 1805)
Melolontha viridiaenea Donovan, 1805: plate 1
Rutela caesarea Billberg, 1817 (in Schönherr 1817: 58); Burmeister 1844: 439 (synonymy)
Rutela latreillei Schönherr & Gyllenhal, 1817 (in Schönherr 1817: 59); Dejean 1833: 154 (synonymy)
Types. Rutela latreillei Schönherr & Gyllenhal, 1817: lectotype (present designation): ♀: “a // Uppsala Univ. Zool. Mus. / Gyllenhals saml. TYP nr. / 1447” (UUZM); paralectotypes (2): ϐ: “ Nov: Holland / Swartz. // NHRS-JLKB / 000027468” (NHRS); ϐ: “ Anoplognathus / Mc Leay / viridianeus / Donov / Rutela latreillii / S[?war]tz / (Nov. Hollandia) // ϐ / NHRS-JLKB / 000027469” (NHRS).
Remarks. Anoplognathus latreillei was described by Schönherr and Gyllenhal, not Gyllenhal alone (Schönherr 1817: 60). Carne (1957) could not locate the type series of R. latreillei (Fig. 4 A–G), which was deposited in the NHRS and UUZM. The two paralectotypes in Gyllenhal’s collection in the NHRS are pinned beneath a handwritten label saying “Caesarea. / Billb: […]”, which we do not consider to be syntypes of Billberg´s species. Billberg’s early collection was destroyed by fire in 1822 (Horn & Kahle 1935), therefore it is almost certain that type material of Rutela caesarea no longer exists. Gyllenhal probably recognized that his species was a synonym and relabelled his specimens, so we consider these two specimens to be his type material. The UUZM lectotype was clearly labelled as Rutela latreillei and we designate this as lectotype to fix the identity of the species. The synonymy of A. latreillei with A. viridiaeneus was first proposed by Dejean (1833), but with precedence given to the younger name.
Anoplognathus viridiaeneus occurs from central New South Wales to central Queensland, mostly near the coast. It was formerly common in the Sydney area but is now a relatively scarce species there (AMS). It is distinguished by its large size, entirely green reflections, and shiny pygidium with apical setal tuft (Reid & Smith 2016; Burleigh & Reid 2017).
description: Published as part of Seidel, Matthias & Reid, Chris A. M., 2021, Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections, pp. 225-238 in Zootaxa 4908 (2) on pages 231-232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4438339
Great Expectations: Mexican Democracy and Its Discontents
Creators: name: Rivera, José Antonio Aguilar
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 There is no doubt that democracy in Mexico has fallen short of expectations: it has not generated more social and economic equality; few people feel now that their participation in politics is more effective than before; the elected government often fails to respond to citizens’ demands; and some parts of the country now seem to be under the control of violent drug cartels. These failings certainly fuel the discontent of citizens with their democratic regime. Yet my aim is to focus on other sources, less apparent, of intense political dissatisfaction. Mexicans are not satisfied with their democratic government not only because it has failed to provide them with the social goods that are usually expected, realistically or unrealistically, from democracy. They are also unhappy with the perceived gap between their idealized concept of democracy and the workings of the existing democratic institutions. I will argue that to some extent an ahistorical, peculiar image of democracy has been constructed. My basic claim is that the critical standard of democracy held by Mexicans is flawed. This ideological misconception, I will try to demonstrate, has had pernicious effects, because it has fed unreasonable expectations and has blinded Mexicans to feasible reforms. I analyze specifically the role played by the pursuit of equity (equidad) and the ban on negative campaigning.

 Resumen

 No hay duda de que la democracia en México no ha producido los resultados esperados. No ha creado una mayor igualdad social o económica. Pocas personas creen que su participación en la política es ahora más efectiva que antes. Los gobiernos electos a menudo no responden a las exigencias de los ciudadanos y algunas regiones del país parecen estar bajo el control de violentos grupos criminales. Estos fracasos ciertamente abonan al descontento de los ciudadanos con su democracia. Sin embargo, mi propósito aquí es concentrarme en otros motivos, menos aparentes, del intenso malestar político. Los mexicanos están insatisfechos con su gobierno democrático no sólo porque no les ha provisto de los bienes sociales que, de manera realista o no, se esperan normalmente de la democracia. También se encuentran molestos por lo que perciben como una brecha entre su concepción idealizada de la democracia y la forma en que realmente funcionan las instituciones democráticas existentes. Arguyo que hasta cierto punto se ha construido una peculiar imagen ahistórica de la democracia. Mi principal argumento es que el parámetro crítico de la democracia que los mexicanos construyeron es defectuoso. Intentaré demostrar que este concepto erróneo ha tenido efectos perniciosos pues ha alentado expectativas no razonables y ha cegado a los mexicanos a reformas posibles. Analizo específicamente el papel desempeñado por la búsqueda de la equidad y la prohibición de las campañas negativas.
title: Development of new vaccines to combat aquaculture pathogens in South East Asian countries
Creators: name: Webb, Conner Le-on
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2024

description: quaculture is a rapidly growing sector, with large economic value and potential. However, aquaculture is severely hampered by disease outbreaks, which cause large losses in production. Antibiotics are often used in South East Asian countries to control disease outbreaks, due to their low cost and ease of use, nevertheless they are ineffective against viral infections and give rise to antibiotic resistant strains. This research sought to develop more convenient and low-cost alternatives, using bacteria and microalgae to express proteins and double stranded RNA (dsRNA) which could then be administered orally. Soluble and insoluble expression of Glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA) from Streptococcus agalactiae, a bacterial pathogen which causes high mortality in fish, was achieved in Escherichia coli in shake flask and fed-batch fermentation. Purified soluble and insoluble protein were administered orally to red hybrid tilapia fish and challenged with S. agalactiae resulting in a 51.1% and 75.6% survival respectively, compared to 13.3% in the control group. GapA was expressed in the chloroplast of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and later optimised with yields of up to 18 mg/L being achieved. Freeze dried transgenic C. reinhardtii showed that protein could be detected up to 54 days when stored at room temperature, showing large potential for microalgae for the production and oral application of vaccines. In addition, two dsRNA expressing C. reinhardtii strains were generated targeting key viral genes of the white spot syndrome virus, which causes large losses in shrimp aquaculture. Part of the VP9, thought to be involved in viral replication, and ORF366, part of the nucleocapsid, genes were expressed in the chloroplast as dsRNA reaching yields of 3.86±1.07 µg/L (VP9) and 11.63±5.84 µg/L (ORF366). However, challenge trial data appeared to show no real benefit to survival rates to shrimp over the control (dsRFP expressing) strain. Finally, an alternative strategy to help identify biomarkers for disease resistance was also developed using an antibody generated to target Alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M) in Brown-marbled grouper. Blood serum samples from fish more resistant to infections of Vibrio parahaemolyticus showed higher levels of A2M, indicating A2M as a potential disease resistance biomarker.
Characterization; EURAD-PREDIS Domain Insight 2.2.1
Creators: name: Bielen, An
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: characterisation

description: The roadmap describes typical programme goals, activities and capabilities needed against 7 themes, which are each further broken down into sub-themes and domains in what we can call the Goals Breakdown Structure (GBS). 

This document provides the overall goal for characterisation (Sort, characterise, classify and quantify radioactive waste in accordance with requirements established or approved by the regulatory body ), extracted from the EURAD Roadmap goals breakdown structure (GBS). This is supplemented by typical activities, according to phases of implementation, needed to achieve the domain goal. Activities are generic and are common to most regional and geological disposal programmes.
description: Reviewers: Paul CARBOL (JRC), Jiri FALTEJSEK (UJV), Alexandru-Bogdan TATOMIR (BGE)
Skill Formation, Governance, and Democracy in Brazil: The State of the Art of a Public Policy
Creators: name: Assumpção-Rodrigues, Marta
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 By focusing on the interface governance–public policy–democracy in Brazil, this piece seeks to further our understanding of how governance works in contexts where private sectors shape and dictate public policies in specific policy areas. It argues that governance with nondemocratic characteristics favors an environment in which, instead of executing “collective goals,” public policies are produced to respond to particular demands of dominant actors. This point is illustrated by an examination of the Vocational Education and Training (VET) policy in Brazil. The paper concludes that the Brazilian VET policy designed and adopted by Getúlio Vargas administration in the 1940s did indeed increase the capacity of the country to compete in a globalized world, but it did not contribute to improving political accountability or democratic governance.

 Resumo

 Ao focalizar a interface governança–políticas públicas–democracia no Brasil, este texto busca aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o funcionamento da governança em contextos em que setores privados ditam políticas públicas em determinadas áreas. Quando a governança não é democrática, ela tende a não executar metas coletivas, favorecendo uma situação em que políticas são produzidas para responder demandas particulares de atores preponderantes no processo decisório. Este texto examina o nascimento e desenvolvimento da política de qualificação profissional do trabalhador no Brasil para ilustrar este ponto. Conclui-se que essa política, que foi formulada e implementada durante o governo de Getúlio Vargas nos anos 1940, incrementou a capacidade do país para competir no mundo globalizado, mas não contribuiu para o aprimoramento da
Anoplognathus viriditarsis Leach 1815
Creators: name: Seidel, Matthias
name: Reid, Chris A. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Anoplognathus
Anoplognathus viriditarsis

description: Anoplognathus viriditarsis Leach, 1815
Anoplognathus viriditarsis Leach, 1815: 44
Rutela analis Dalman, 1817 (in Schönherr 1817: 61); Dejean 1833: 154 (synonymy)
Anoplognathus reticulatus Boisduval, 1835: 169; Carne 1957: 102 (synonymy)
Anoplognathus impressifrons Boisduval, 1835: 170; Ohaus 1918: 172 (synonymy with A. reticulatus)
Anoplognathus viridicollis Macleay, 1873: 357; Carne 1957: 102 (synonymy)
Types. Rutela analis Dalman, 1817: lectotype (present designation): ϐ: “ϐ / N: Hollande / Hooker. // NHRS–JLKB / 000029803” (NHRS); paralectotype (1): ♀: “ ♀ / N: Hollande / Hooker. // NHRS-JLKB / 000029802” (NHRS).
Remarks. We designate a lectotype for Rutela analis to fix the identity of this species. Carne (1957) did not locate the type series of R. analis (Fig. 5 A–J), which is deposited in NHRS. Our examination confirms the synonymy of A. analis and A. viriditarsis first proposed by Dejean (1833), although Dejean gave precedence to the younger name. Male and female syntypes of A. viridicollis in ANIC were examined by Carne (1957) and have been re-examined by us, confirming the synonymy of this name with A. viriditarsis. The validity of the synonymy of the two Boisduval species listed under A. viriditarsis in Carne (1957) was not examined in this work.
Anoplognathus viriditarsis occurs from Victoria to southeatern Queensland and is a common species around Sydney (AMS). It is distinguished from other species by the shiny pygidium and apical setal tuft, the shovel-shaped male clypeus, and the incomplete bands of setae on the ventrites (Reid & Smith 2016; Burleigh & Reid 2017).
description: Published as part of Seidel, Matthias & Reid, Chris A. M., 2021, Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections, pp. 225-238 in Zootaxa 4908 (2) on page 232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4438339
Herrn Hofmeisters Landgut u. Fabrick ohnweitt Zürich
Creators: name: Aschmann, Johann Jakob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1790
Subjects: Fabrikgebäude
Ruderboot

description: Kattunfabrik, erbaut ca. 1782, und Landhaus von Heinrich Hofmeister
description: J. Aschm. f.
Amblyterus cicatricosus
Creators: name: Seidel, Matthias
name: Reid, Chris A. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Amblyterus
Amblyterus cicatricosus

description: Amblyterus cicatricosus (Gyllenhal, 1817)
Melolontha cicatricosa Gyllenhal, 1817 (in Schönherr 1817: 113)
Amblyterus geminatus MacLeay, 1819: 142; Blanchard 1851: 224 (synonymy)
Types. Melolontha cicatricosa Gyllenhal, 1817: lectotype (present designation): ϐ: “N. Holland / D. Hooker // Typus // Melolontha / cicatricosa Gyll. // NHRS-JLKB / 000029815” (NHRS).
Remarks. A lectotype is designated here for Melolontha cicatricosa (Fig. 6 A–F) to fix the species identity. Carne (1958) examined the lectotype in NHRS. The synonymy of A. geminatus with A. cicatricosus was first proposed by Blanchard (1851). MacLeay’s holotype of A. geminatus is in ANIC although it was not listed when all type material was removed from the Macleay Museum, Sydney University (Britton & Stanbury 1981). It was examined by Carne (1958) and re-examined by us and the synonymy is hereby confirmed.
Amblyterus cicatricosus occurs from central New South Wales to central Queensland and is a common species around Sydney (AMS). It is distinguished from congeners by its size, colour, leg structure, and large male maxillary palpi (Carne 1958).
description: Published as part of Seidel, Matthias & Reid, Chris A. M., 2021, Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections, pp. 225-238 in Zootaxa 4908 (2) on page 232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4438339
The Corporatist Political Economies: From Industrial Corporatism to the Social Investment State in the Knowledge Intensive Service Economy
Creators: name: Huo, Jingjing
name: Stephens, John
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 In this paper, we discuss the role of the state in corporatist economies and its ongoing transformation in a globalizing economy. In these small open economies, the postwar state developed a distinctive supply-side Keynesianism model for growth and employment creation. Based on this model, the state lowered labor cost by coordinating centralized wage bargaining, lowered investment cost through favorable lending policies, and reduced workers’ risk-aversion towards skill training through generous social compensation. Since the 1980s, growing fiscal burden and capital liberalization led to a new supply-side model, focused instead on fiscal encouragements for investment in human capital and R&D. This strategy continues to prove successful for growth (in high tech market niches) and employment (in knowledge-intensive discretionary learning industries). Although the state reconfigured much of its supply-side function during the transition from the postwar to the early 21st century model, the exercise of wage restraint through tripartite bargaining remains a central pillar throughout.

 Resumen

 En este artículo discutimos el rol del Estado en las economías corporatistas y su transformación en curso en el contexto de una economía que se globaliza. En estas economías abiertas y pequeñas el Estado de la posguerra desarrolló un distintivo modelo de keynesianismo basado en la oferta para promover el desarrollo y la creación de empleo. Con base en este modelo el Estado redujo los costos laborales a través de la coordinación de la negociación salarial centralizada, redujo el costo de la inversión a través de políticas de préstamos favorables y redujo la aversión de los trabajadores a tomar el riesgo de entrenarse para adquirir habilidades a través de la compensación social generosa. Desde los años 1980s la creciente carga fiscal y la liberalización de capitales llevaron a un nuevo modelo basado en la oferta, concentrado en cambio en incentivos fiscales para la inversión en capital humano y en investigación y desarrollo. Esta estrategia continúa demostrándose exitosa en la promoción del crecimiento (en nichos de mercado de alta tecnología) y del empleo (en industrias intensivas en el uso del conocimiento y de aprendizaje discrecional). Aunque el Estado reconfiguró mucho de su función de estímulo a la oferta durante la transición del modelo de la posguerra al de principios del siglo XXI, el ejercicio de la moderación salarial a través de la negociación tripartita se mantuvo todo el tiempo como un pilar central.
title: Anxiolytische Effekte durch Musik - Zahnbehandlung und Gynäkologie
Creators: name: Srienz, Bettina
Year: 2011

description: Diese Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit anxiolytischen Effekten, welche durch Musik in den Bereichen Zahnbehandlung und Gynäkologie (Geburtshilfe) erreicht werden konnten und soll Fragestellungen für neue Untersuchungen aufwerfen. Um zu wissen wie und seit wann man sich mit Musik, mit ihren unterschiedlichsten Wirkungsweisen etc. beschäftigte, werden kurz die relevantesten historischen Betrachtungsweisen vorgestellt. Diesen folgend wird die Angst im Allgemeinen, aber auch spezifisch die Zahnbehandlungsangst, besprochen. Anschließend wird näher auf die Thematiken Musikpsychologie, Musiktherapie und nichtmedikamentöse Schmerztherapie allgemein, eingegangen. Nicht zu vergessen ist dabei auch die Periduralanästhesie, welche werdenden Müttern vor der Geburt anstelle von Medikamenten, angeboten wird. Nach Klärung dieser Begriffe, werden die 4 ausgewählten Studien zu den Themen Zahnbehandlung und Gynäkologie vorgestellt. Alle 4 Studien hatten dasselbe Ergebnis. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass man durch den Einsatz von Musik eine angst- und spannungsmindernde Reaktion beobachten konnte, obwohl die Untersuchungsdesigns dieser Studien sich unterschiedlich gestaltet hatten. Abschließend werden die verschiedenen Untersuchungsdesigns dieser Studien auf kritische Art und Weise durchdacht. Ebenso werden kurz Themengebiete besprochen in denen anxiolytische Musik bereits angewendet wird, sowie auch auf neue Fragestellungen aufmerksam gemacht. Zusammenfassend ist dieser Arbeit zu entnehmen, dass der Einfluss von Musik angst- und spannungslösende Effekte hervorrufen und dadurch die medikamentöse Therapie vermindert werden kann. Doch bedarf es noch einiger Studien, um ein „perfektes“ Untersuchungsdesign zu schaffen.
Alois Hug an Arnold Escher von der Linth (1807-1872), mit der Beilage des Briefes von Alois Hug an Alois Latour
Creators: name: Hug, Alois
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1866

description: Brief aus Tübingen.
Beilage: Brief von Alois Hug, gerichtet an Nationalrat Alois Latour, aus Tübingen, datiert mit 16.11.1866
description: ETH-Bibliothek
The Catholic Church, Elections and Democracy In Colombia, 1830–1930
Creators: name: Posada-Carbó, Eduardo
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 By focusing on its electoral role, this paper revises some of the prevailing views regarding the Catholic Church’s impact on the politics of Colombia between 1830 and 1930. To this aim, the paper offers a brief general overview of the Church during the period, in an attempt to locate its sources of power. Then, I look at the place the religious cleavage had in the formation of the party system that emerged in the republic by the mid-nineteenth century. Next, I examine the various ways in which the Church was involved in the electoral process both before and after the emergence of the party system. Finally, the concluding section considers the wider implications that such involvement might have represented for the history of democracy in Colombia. Overall, the paper addresses the following questions: What had the historical role of the Catholic Church been in the politics of Colombia since independence? How did the Church—the hierarchy, the clergy and the laity—relate to the electoral history and partisan divisions of the country? And to what extent did the involvement of the Church in electioneering enhance or hinder the process of democratization over this century?

 Resumen

 Este ensayo reexamina el impacto de la Iglesia Católica en la política colombiana entre 1830 y 1930, con especial atención a su papel en la historia electoral del país. Para este propósito, el ensayo ofrece un breve panorama general de la Iglesia durante el período, con el fin de localizar sus fuentes de poder. Paso seguido, analiza el factor religioso en la formación del sistema de partidos que surgió en la república a mediados del siglo diecinueve. A continuación, estudia las distintas formas en que la Iglesia se involucró en el proceso electoral, antes y después del surgimiento del sistema partidista. Finalmente, en la sección de conclusiones, considera las repercusiones más amplias que dicho involucramiento pudo haber tenido para la historia de la democracia en Colombia. En su conjunto, el ensayo examina los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cuál fue el papel histórico de la Iglesia Católica en la política colombiana desde la independencia? ¿Cómo se relacionaba la Iglesia –la jerarquía, el clero, y los laicos- con la historia electoral y las divisiones partidistas del país? ¿Y hasta qué punto la participación de la Iglesia en las elecciones sirvió al proceso de democratización en Colombia a lo largo del siglo bajo estudio?
title: Strategien der Postmoderne
Creators: name: Zakirow, Aleksej
Year: 2011

description: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht vornehmlich darin, Vladimir Sorokins Roman „Goluboe salo“ auf Strategien und Stilmittel zu untersuchen, welche gemeinhin der postmodernistischen Dekonstruktion und dem Prozess der Dekanonisierung zuzuordnen sind, um den Text zweifelsfrei im Kontext der Postmoderne zu positionieren. Im nicht geringeren Maße soll auch dem intertextuellen Gehalt des Romans Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden. Im Zentrum der Analyse steht folglich die Untersuchung der Motive, mit deren Hilfe historische und kulturelle Diskurse dekonstruiert werden. Es gilt, die Funktionsweise dieser Strategien im Text zu ergründen; zu diesem Zweck soll im Verlauf dieser Arbeit die im Text vorhandenen Motive, welche als Repräsentation genannter Dekonstruktionsprozesse fungieren, analysiert werden.
Elections in Latin America 2009–2011: A Comparative Analysis
Creators: name: Alcántara, Manuel
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

 This paper addresses from a comparative perspective the national elections (legislative and presidential) held between 2009 and 2011 in seventeen Latin American countries. There are five key issues that guide this analysis: the institutional conditions of electoral competition, the electoral offer, election results, party systems, and post-electoral executive-legislative relations. The political consequences of these electoral processes—except perhaps in the cases of Honduras and Nicaragua, where some minor negative trends have arisen—reveal a pattern of apparent normality and political alternation, with a change in the presidential elite and winning proposals that were articulated via institutions. The paper concludes by outlining how countries in the region have successfully overcome challenges of a varying nature and importance, that until recently generated a degree of uncertainty in their respective political systems. This paper is also concerned, from a temporal perspective, with some of the constants of voting behavior and party systems in the different countries of Latin America. Voter turnout, electoral volatility, the numeric format of the party system, and the ideological positioning of the political parties are indicators laid out for the last twenty years. Again, the constants are more persistent than any profound changes in these indicators.

 Resumen

 Este trabajo analiza las elecciones nacionales legislativas y presidenciales celebradas entre 2009 y 2011 en diecisiete países de América Latina bajo una perspectiva comparada. El análisis realizado sigue cinco ejes: las condiciones institucionales de la competencia electoral, la oferta electoral, los resultados de los comicios, el sistema de partidos y las relaciones derivadas de los resultados entre los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo. Las consecuencias políticas de estos procesos electorales—excepto quizás para los casos de Honduras y Nicaragua, donde acontecieron circunstancias menores negativas—revelan pautas de aparente normalidad y de alternancia política, con cambios en la elite política y en propuestas ganadoras articulados por mediación de las instituciones. El trabajo concluye subrayando que hay países en la región que han conseguido superar con éxito retos de naturaleza e importancia variada que habían generado hasta muy recientemente cierto grado de incertidumbre en sus respectivos sistemas políticos. El trabajo también aborda, desde una perspectiva temporal, algunas de las constantes del comportamiento electoral y de los sistemas de partidos en los diferentes países de América latina. La participación y la volatilidad electoral, el formato numérico de los sistemas de partidos y la ubicación ideológica de los partidos políticos son indicadores que se muestran para los últimos veinte años. Una vez más, se constata que las constantes en dichos indicadores son más persistentes que los cambios profundos.
Dorstenia brasiliensis fm. balansae Chodat
Creators: name: Ramella, Lorenzo
name: Soloaga, Mónica
name: Perret, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Moraceae
Dorstenia
Dorstenia brasiliensis
Dorstenia brasiliensis f. balansae chodat

description: 1. Dorstenia brasiliensis f. balansae Chodat
in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève ser. 2, 11: 257. 1920.
Holotypus: PARAGUAY. Guairá: “ Doña Juana: près de Villa-Rica, dans les prairies ”, 17.IX.1874, Balansa, B. 1983 (G [G00381059]!). Isotypus: (G [G00381060]!, P).
El holotipo (Herbario Barbey-Boissier) lleva la anotación de la mano de R. Chodat: “ Dorstenia brasiliensis Lam. Det. Chodat ”. El isotipo (Herbario de Candolle) no lleva ninguna anotación.
description: Published as part of Ramella, Lorenzo, Soloaga, Mónica & Perret, Patrick, 2014, Tipificaciones de los nombres publicados por E. Hassler y R. Chodat en el género Dorstenia L. (Moraceae) de la flora del Paraguay, pp. 207-210 in Candollea 69 (2) on page 208, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a14, http://zenodo.org/record/5770784