cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The stellar mass-accretion rate relation in T Tauri stars and brown dwarfs
Creators: name: Alexander, R. D.
name: Armitage, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations show a strong correlation between stellar mass and accretion rate in young stellar and sub-stellar objects, with the scaling $\dot{M}_{acc} \propto M_*^2$ holding over more than four orders of magnitude in accretion rate. We explore the consequences of this correlation in the context of disk evolution models. We note that such a correlation is not expected to arise from variations in disk angular momentum transport efficiency with stellar mass, and suggest that it may reflect a systematic trend in disk initial conditions. In this case we find that brown dwarf disks initially have rather larger radii than those around more massive objects. By considering disk evolution, and invoking a simple parametrization for a shut-off in accretion at the end of the disk lifetime, we show that such models predict that the scatter in the stellar mass-accretion rate relationship should increase with increasing stellar mass, in rough agreement with current observations.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Electron-capture decay in isotopic transfermium chains from self-consistent calculations
Creators: name: Sarriguren, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak decays in heavy nuclei with charge numbers Z=101-109 are studied within a microscopic formalism based on deformed self-consistent Skyrme Hartree-Fock mean-field calculations with pairing correlations. The half-lives of beta+ decay and electron capture are compared with alpha-decay half-lives obtained from phenomenological formulas. Transfermium isotopes of Md, No, Lr, Rf, Db, Sg, Bh, Hs, and Mt that can be produced in the frontier of cold and hot fusion-evaporation channels are considered. Several isotopes are identified whose beta+/EC- and alpha-decay half-lives are comparable. The competition between these decay modes opens the possibility of new pathways towards the islands of stability.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G
Quantum metamorphism
Creators: name: Bastidas, Victor M.
name: Estarellas, Marta P.
name: Osada, Tomo
name: Nemoto, Kae
name: Munro, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystals form regular and robust structures that under extreme conditions can melt and recrystallize into different arrangements in a process that is called crystal metamorphism. While crystals exist due to the breaking of a continuous translation symmetry in space, it has recently been proposed that discrete crystalline order can also emerge in time and give raise to a novel phase of matter named discrete time crystal (DTC). In this paper, we join these two ideas and propose a model for quantum metamorphism between two DTCs of different periodicity, a 2T and 4T-DTC. In our model the conditions for metamorphism come from the modulation of perturbative terms in the 4T-DTC Hamiltonian that gradually melt its structure and transform it into a 2T-DTC. This process is studied in detail from the viewpoint of manybody physics of periodically driven systems. We also propose a protocol to experimentally observe quantum metamorphism using current quantum technology.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Temporal dynamics of Vancouver’s urban heat island
Creators: name: Runnalls, Kathryn Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A study of the urban heat island of Vancouver, British Columbia is reported. Hourly urban and rural air temperature observations are used to investigate the daily cycle of heat island growth, seasonal variations of nocturnal heat island intensity, and important controls on heat island magnitude. Urban - rural differences in nocturnal cooling are analyzed and related to heat island dynamics. Seasonal variations of rural thermal admittance are estimated from soil properties, and the relationship between thermal admittance, cooling potential, and heat island magnitude is explored. The heat island of Vancouver is found to be most significant at night, with the daily cycle of heat island magnitude linked to urban - rural differences in cooling/warming rates. Nocturnal heat island magnitude is shown to vary significantly from day-to-day, and seasonally, but the causes of these variations are not obvious. The inverse square root of wind speed and a measure of cloud amount and type are shown to be linearly related to heat island intensity on average, but cannot be used to predict heat island intensity on any particular occasion. Distinct seasonal variations in rural thermal admittance are observed, and although they are physically capable of producing significant seasonal variability of heat island magnitude, only a weak relationship between the two measures is found. It is concluded that while heat island magnitude behaves predictably on average, the magnitude of the urban - rural temperature difference on any particular occasion is unpredictable as a result of other unknown influences, or random effects.
Elliptic Inflation: Generating the curvature perturbation without slow-roll
Creators: name: Matsuda, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are many inflationary models in which inflaton field does not satisfy the slow-roll condition. However, in such models, it is always difficult to generate the curvature perturbation during inflation. Thus, to generate the curvature perturbation, one must introduce another component to the theory. To cite a case, curvatons may generate dominant part of the curvature perturbation after inflation. However, we have a question whether it is unrealistic to consider the generation of the curvature perturbation during inflation without slow-roll. Assuming multi-field inflation, we encounter the generation of the curvature perturbation during inflation without slow-roll. The potential along equipotential surface is flat by definition and thus we do not have to worry about symmetry. We also discuss about KKLT models, in which corrections lifting the inflationary direction may not become a serious problem if there is a symmetry enhancement at the tip (not at the moving brane) of the inflationary throat.
description: 27pages, 8figures, to appear in JCAP
Weak gravitational shear and flexion with polar shapelets
Creators: name: Massey, Richard
name: Rowe, Barnaby
name: Refregier, Alexandre
name: Bacon, David J.
name: Berge, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive expressions, in terms of "polar shapelets", for the image distortion operations associated with weak gravitational lensing. Shear causes galaxy shapes to become elongated, and is sensitive to the second derivative of the projected gravitational potential along their line of sight; flexion bends galaxy shapes into arcs, and is sensitive to the third derivative. Polar shapelets provide a natural representation, in which both shear and flexion transformations are compact. Through this tool, we understand progress in several weak lensing methods. We then exploit various symmetries of shapelets to construct a range of shear estimators with useful properties. Through an analogous investigation, we also explore several flexion estimators. In particular, some of the estimators can be measured simultaneously and independently for every galaxy, and will provide unique checks for systematics in future weak lensing analyses. Using simulated images from the Shear TEsting Programme (STEP), we show that we can recover input shears with no significant bias. A complete software package to parametrize astronomical images in terms of polar shapelets, and to perform a full weak lensing analysis, is available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~rjm/shapelets/ .
description: 17 pages, 3 figures. Matches published version
A Precision Determination of the D^0 Mass
Creators: name: Cawlfield, C.
name: Collaboration, CLEO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A precision measurement of the D^0 meson mass has been made using ~281 pb-1 of e+e- annihilation data taken with the CLEO-c detector at the psi(3770) resonance. The exclusive decay D^0 -> (Ks phi) has been used to obtain M(D^0)=1864.847+-0.150(stat)+-0.095(syst) MeV. This corresponds to M(D^0 D^*0)=3871.81+-0.36 MeV, and leads to a well-constrained determination of the binding energy of the proposed (D^0 D^*0) molecule X(3872), E_b=0.6+-0.6 MeV.
description: 8 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2006/, Submitted to PRL
A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis of the CMSSM
Creators: name: de Austri, Roberto Ruiz
name: Trotta, Roberto
name: Roszkowski, Leszek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a comprehensive exploration of the Constrained MSSM parameters using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique and a Bayesian analysis. We compute superpartner masses and other collider observables as well as a cold dark matter abundance, and compare them with experimental data. We include uncertainties arising from theoretical approximations as well as from residual experimental errors on relevant SM parameters. We delineate probability distributions of the CMSSM parameters, the collider and cosmological observables as well as a dark matter direct detection cross section. The 68% probability intervals of the CMSSM parameters are: 0.52 TeV < m_{1/2} < 1.26 TeV, m_0 <2.10 TeV, -0.34 TeV < A_0 < 2.41 TeV and 38.5< tan(beta) <54.6. Generally, large fractions of high probability ranges of the superpartner masses will be probed at the LHC. We highlight a complementarity between LHC and WIMP dark matter searches in exploring the CMSSM parameter space. We further expose a number of correlations among the observables, in particular between BR(B_s \to μ^+ μ^-) and BR({\bar B}\to X_sγ) or sigma_p^{SI}. Once SUSY is discovered, this and other correlations may prove helpful in distinguishing the CMSSM from other supersymmetric models. The robustness of our results is investigated in terms of the assumed ranges of CMSSM parameters and the effect of the (g-2)_mu anomaly which shows some tension with the other observables. We find that the results for m_0, and the observables which strongly depend on it, are sensitive to our assumptions, while our conclusions for the other variables are robust.
description: 52 pages, 18 PS figures, published version, minor corrections
Performance of a Novel Ultrasensitive Rapid Diagnostic Test for Plasmodium falciparum against a Reference Method in Eastern Gambia
Creators: name: Abdullahi  Ahmad
name: Prom, Aurelia
name: Blessed  Etoketim
name: Opondo, Kevin
name: Benoit  Assogba
name: Ndiath, Mamadou
name: D’Alessandro, Umberto
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives: Malaria infections by Plasmodium falciparum which do not cause symptoms are abundant in African communities and detecting them is important for malaria elimination. A new rapid diagnostic test for easy and accurate detection of these infections has recently been produced and we evaluated its accuracy.
Methods: We collected blood drops from finger tips of 565 Gambian children at the beginning of the 2018 malaria season. We tested each sample for P. falciparum malaria infection using the new rapid diagnostic test, microscopy and a very accurate molecular method. We then compared the accuracy of the new diagnostic test with that of the very accurate molecular method.
Results: The new rapid diagnostic test identified 52 samples (9.2%) as positive for malaria. In comparison, the very sensitive molecular test identified 54 samples (9.6%) as positive while microscopy identified 9 samples (1.6%) as positive. From the 52 samples that the new diagnostic test detected as positive, only 24 (44%) of them were confirmed as real positives (true positives) using the very accurate molecular method. The remaining 28 samples (56%) tested negative using the accurate molecular method.
Conclusion: The new rapid diagnostic test is not as accurate as the very sensitive molecular test in detecting low level P. falciparum malaria infections.
Investigating properties of Cl$^-$ and Au$^-$ ions using relativistic many-body methods
Creators: name: Sahoo, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate ground state properties of singly charged chlorine (Cl$^-$) and gold (Au$^-$) negative ions by employing four-component relativistic many-body methods. In our approach, we attach an electron to the respective outer orbitals of chlorine (Cl) and gold (Au) atoms to determine the Dirac-Fock (DF) wave functions of the ground state configurations of Cl$^-$ and Au$^-$, respectively. As a result, all the single-particle orbitals see the correlation effects due to the appended electron of the negative ion. After obtaining the DF wave functions, lower-order many-body perturbation methods, random-phase approximation, and coupled-cluster (CC) theory in the singles and doubles approximation are applied to obtain the ground state wave functions of both Cl$^-$ and Au$^-$ ions. Then, we adopt two different approaches to the CC theory -- a perturbative approach due to the dipole operator to determine electric dipole polarizability and an electron detachment approach in the Fock-space framework to estimate ionization potential. Our calculations are compared with the available experimental and other theoretical results.
description: 12 pages, 6 tables. Accepted for J. Phys. B
A note on the Cops & Robber game on graphs embedded in non-orientable surfaces
Creators: name: Clarke, Nancy E.
name: Fiorini, Samuel
name: Joret, Gwenaël
name: Theis, Dirk Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C99, 05C10, 91A43

description: The Cops and Robber game is played on undirected finite graphs. A number of cops and one robber are positioned on vertices and take turns in sliding along edges. The cops win if they can catch the robber. The minimum number of cops needed to win on a graph is called its cop number. It is known that the cop number of a graph embedded on a surface $X$ of genus $g$ is at most $3g/2 + 3$, if $X$ is orientable (Schroeder 2004), and at most $2g+1$, otherwise (Nowakowski & Schroeder 1997). We improve the bounds for non-orientable surfaces by reduction to the orientable case using covering spaces. As corollaries, using Schroeder's results, we obtain the following: the maximum cop number of graphs embeddable in the projective plane is 3; the cop number of graphs embeddable in the Klein Bottle is at most 4, and an upper bound is $3g/2 + 3/2$ for all other $g$.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Inactivation of Pathogens in Ecological Sanitation Latrines in Malawi
Creators: name: Kumwenda, Save
name: Chisomo Msefula
name: Kadewa, Wilfred
name: Bagrey  Ngwira
name: Morse, Tracy
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives

In Malawi, manure from ecological sanitation (EcoSan) latrines was found to contain stomach worms capable of causing diseases to users. This research aimed at finding out the time when the manure will be free from stomach worms and also to see if we can determine if manure is free from worms using factors like ammonium content, moisture content, type of latrine and time in months.

Method

Thirty-five latrines were followed up to the end of twelve months from August 2015 to July 2016 in Blantyre and Chikwawa in Southern Malawi. Samples were collected five times from each latrine and examined for suspected live eggs of stomach worms in the laboratory.

Results

The concentration of eggs of stomach worms within the recommended standards after one year of follow up. The concentration was highest after 4 and 6 months of follow up. Time was the only consistent estimator for concentration of the worm eggs.

Conclusion

The concentration of suspected live eggs of stomach eggs were in numbers likely to cause infections after four to six months. The sludge had the safe concentrations after one year of keeping the manure. Study recommended a storage period of one year or more is recommended for the safe handling of manure.
Acquisition of prefixed denominal causatives in Polish
Creators: name: Wrobel, Krystyna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Forty-eight Polish-speaking children divided into 4 age groups: the 3's, 5's, 7's and 9's, participated in a study of the acquisition of prefixed denominal causatives. Twelve short (1.0-1.5 minute) video scenes were used as stimuli for the elicitation of existing and novel denominals. Deverbal items were used as a reference point for examining acquisition of denominals. Each video scene showed a protagonist actively involved in a causal action. The action scenes were nonverbal, except that the protagonist always provided a noun or verb, from which a prefixed causative was to be derived. Analysis of variance indicated significant main effects for Age and Item Type. The youngest children performed worst and the oldest performed best, with deverbal items being the easiest, followed by existing denominals, then novel denominals. This sequence of acquisition was not contradicted by the performance of any subject. A significant Age x Item Type interaction was also found, and reflected the fact that the older children performed better on the deverbal items than on the novel denominal items, while the younger children performed poorly on all item types. The major predictor of children's performance was their knowledge of the function of verbal suffixes in denominal derivatives, followed by their ability to perform a semantic analysis of the prefixes. Perfectivisation through prefixation was found easy even for the youngest subjects. Other factors, such as linguistic expression of causality, phonological and phonotactic skills, and metalinguistic knowledge combined with cognitive skills, might have played a role, however, more research needs to be done to estimate involvement of these factors in the acquisition process.
Dynamics of First Order Transitions with Gravity Duals
Creators: name: Horowitz, Gary T.
name: Roberts, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A first order phase transition usually proceeds by nucleating bubbles of the new phase which then rapidly expand. In confining gauge theories with a gravity dual, the deconfined phase is often described by a black hole. If one starts in this phase and lowers the temperature, the usual description of how the phase transition proceeds violates the area theorem. We study the dynamics of this phase transition using the insights from the dual gravitational description, and resolve this apparent contradiction.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure. v2: minor clarifications, reference added
Neutrino Oscillation Search at MiniBooNE
Creators: name: Djurcic, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reports the status of a $ν_μ \to ν_{e}$ oscillation search in MiniBooNE (Booster Neutrino Experiment) experiment. If an appearance signal is observed, it will imply Physics Beyond the Standard Model such as the existence of light sterile neutrino.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Plenary talk at the Neutrino Oscillation Workshop (NOW2006), September 2006, to be published in Nucl.Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.)
Analysis of integrated-light spectra of Galactic globular clusters
Creators: name: Sharina, M. E.
name: Shimansky, V. V.
name: Shimanskaya, N. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of determination of the age, helium mass fraction (Y) in terms of the used stellar evolutionary models, metallicity ([Fe/H]), and abundances of the elements C, O, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, Cr and Mn for 26 globular clusters of the Galaxy. In this work, we apply a method developed by us that employs medium-resolution integrated-light spectra of globular clusters and models of stellar atmospheres and it is supplemented in this paper by the automatic calculation of microturbulence velocities of stars in the studied objects. Based on the data obtained for 26 objects, as well as on the results of our previous studies, it is shown that the abundances of chemical elements, that we measured, with the exception of carbon, are consistent with the literature estimates from the analysis of integrated-light spectra of clusters and from high-resolution spectroscopic observations of their brightest stars. Our estimates of [C/Fe] are consistent with the literature values obtained from the integrated-light spectra of clusters. We interpret the systematic difference between the derived [C/Fe] for globular clusters and the literature [C/Fe] values for the brightest stars of the clusters as a change of the chemical composition in the atmospheres of stars during their evolution. The estimated absolute ages and average Y for the clusters are in a reasonable agreement with the literature data from the analysis of color magnitude diagrams of the objects.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Sparse Array Beamforming Design for Wideband Signal Models
Creators: name: Hamza, Syed A.
name: Amin, Moeness
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We develop sparse array receive beamformer design methods achieving maximum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (MaxSINR) for wideband sources and jammers. Both tapped delay line (TDL) filtering and the DFT realizations to wideband array processing are considered. The array sparsity stems from the limited number of available RF transmission chains that switch between the sensors, thereby configuring different arrays at different times. The sparse array configuration design problem is formulated as a quadratically constraint quadratic program (QCQP) and solved by using SDR (semidefinite relaxation). A computationally viable approach through SCA (successive convex relaxation) is also pursued. In order to realize an implementable design, in presence of missing autocorrelation lags, we propose parameter-free block Toeplitz matrix completion to estimate the received data correlation matrix across the entire array aperture. It is shown that the optimum wideband sparse array effectively utilizes the array aperture and provides considerable performance improvement over suboptimal array topologies.
Entangled spin clusters: some special features
Creators: name: Tribedi, Amit
name: Bose, Indrani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study three specific aspects of entanglement in small spin clusters. We first study the effect of inhomogeneous exchange coupling strength on the entanglement properties of the S=1/2 antiferromagnetic linear chain tetramer compound NaCuAsO_{4}. The entanglement gap temperature, T_{E}, is found to have a non-monotonic dependence on the value of $α$, the exchange coupling inhomogeneity parameter. We next determine the variation of T_{E} as a function of S for a spin dimer, a trimer and a tetrahedron. The temperature T_{E} is found to increase as a function of S, but the scaled entanglement gap temperature t_{E} goes to zero as S becomes large. Lastly, we study a spin-1 dimer compound to illustrate the quantum complementarity relation. We show that in the experimentally realizable parameter region, magnetization and entanglement plateaus appear simultaneously at low temperatures as a function of the magnetic field. Also, the sharp increase in one quantity as a function of the magnetic field is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the other so that the quantum complementarity relation is not violated.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev. A
Deep Generative Models for Bayesian Inference on High-Rate Sensor Data: Applications in Automotive Radar and Medical Imaging
Creators: name: Stevens, Tristan S. W.
name: Overdevest, Jeroen
name: Nolan, Oisín
name: van Nierop, Wessel L.
name: van Sloun, Ruud J. G.
name: Eldar, Yonina C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep generative models have been studied and developed primarily in the context of natural images and computer vision. This has spurred the development of (Bayesian) methods that use these generative models for inverse problems in image restoration, such as denoising, inpainting, and super-resolution. In recent years, generative modeling for Bayesian inference on sensory data has also gained traction. Nevertheless, the direct application of generative modeling techniques initially designed for natural images on raw sensory data is not straightforward, requiring solutions that deal with high dynamic range signals acquired from multiple sensors or arrays of sensors that interfere with each other, and that typically acquire data at a very high rate. Moreover, the exact physical data-generating process is often complex or unknown. As a consequence, approximate models are used, resulting in discrepancies between model predictions and the observations that are non-Gaussian, in turn complicating the Bayesian inverse problem. Finally, sensor data is often used in real-time processing or decision-making systems, imposing stringent requirements on, e.g., latency and throughput. In this paper, we will discuss some of these challenges and offer approaches to address them, all in the context of high-rate real-time sensing applications in automotive radar and medical imaging.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted author manuscript, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
Solar photo-Fenton and UV/H2O2 processes against the antidepressant Venlafaxine in urban wastewaters and human urine. Intermediates formation and biodegradability assessment.
Creators: name: Giannakis, Stefanos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401199
subject: Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Pre-proof versionIn this work, the use of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) against the degradation of an emerging contaminant has been subjected under systematic investigation. The optimization of treatment of the anti-depressant drug Venlafaxine (VFA) was performed, using UV light, the combined UV/H2O2 process, solar light, Fenton and finally the solar photo-Fenton process in laboratory scale. The degradation kinetics, the time necessary to remove 90% of the contaminant and the optimal reactants concentration were proposed. The treatment in pure water, (synthetic) wastewater and urine was assessed, in an effort to identify the opportunities and pitfalls the application of process would encounter in a field application. Treatment by the UV-based methods was found sufficiently efficient and the application of the solar photo-Fenton process showed feasibility in a potential field application with appropriate context. Real urban wastewater effluents after biological and physicochemical treatment were tested, as well as human urine, as a proposal for on-site collection and treatment was also treated. Biological treatment before applying the tested AOPs improved their efficiency, and the strategy of diluting urine prior to treatment greatly enhanced the efficacy of the process. Finally, the identification of the degradation pathway and the biodegradability tests of AOPs treated VFA solutions exhibit promising results concerning the strategy of treatment for similar pollutants of emerging concern.
Exact discretness and mass gap of N=1 symplectic Yang-Mills from M-theory
Creators: name: Boulton, L.
name: del Moral, M. P. Garcia
name: Restuccia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we summarize some of the results found recently in hep-th/0609054. We show the pure discretness of the non-perturbative quantum spectrum of a symplectic Yang-Mills theory defined on a Riemann surface of positive genus, living in a target space that, in particular, can be 4D. This theory corresponds to the membrane with central charges. The presence of the central charge induces a confinement in the phase at zero temperature. When the energy rises, the center of the group breaks and the theory enters in a quark-plasma phase after a topological transition, corresponding to the N=4 wrapped supermembrane.
description: 5pg, latex, w-art class. To appear in the proceedings "RTN ForcesUniverse" Naples, October 9-13, 2006
Social factors hindering canine rabies vaccination in Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire
Creators: name: N'dri Kouassi  Kan Nestor
name: D. M.  Amalaman
name: V.  Kallo
name: K.  Heitz-Tokpa
name: A. P. N  Ndour
name: N. J.  Govella
name: I. Kone
name: B.  Bonfoh
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective: In Côte d'Ivoire, rabies is still endemic with 92% of cases is due to dogs. Since 1963,there are measures to eliminate rabies. However, vaccination coverage of dogs remains low, particularly in Bouake, the second largest city of Côte d’Ivoire. Overall rabies vaccination coverage in the district of Bouake is only 7%.This study aims to identify the social factors responsible for the low rabies vaccination coverage of the canine population in Bouake.
Method: This mixed methods study took place in Bouake district. As part of a quantitative data collection, a questionnaire-based survey with 169 dog owners was conducted. Additionally, qualitative data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews with populations and institutions.
Results: The study shows that most dog owners in Bouake are unaware of rabies as human disease and they associate it to scabies. They perceive rabies as a disease affecting dogs only. In rural areas, where dogs are kept mainly for hunting, vaccination is perceived as an inhibitor of the dog’s abilities to hunt. These knowledge gaps and community practices constitute, among other factors, obstacles to the wide use of canine rabies vaccination.
Conclusion: To improve vaccination coverage of dogs in Bouake and its rural areas, awareness campaigns are needed that take the above-mentioned perceptions into consideration.
Design of an intensified system for treatment of faecal sludge from unplanned settlements in the cities of Malawi
Creators: name: Khumbo  Kalulu
name: B Thole
name: T Mkandawire
name: G Kululanga
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: A significant proportion of human excreta emptied from onsite sanitation systems - mostly pit latrines - ends up disposed untreated or partially treated in the urban environment of many developing countries. This poses threat to the health of human beings and integrity of the environmental in the general urban setting. The situation is attributed to lack of appropriate treatment infrastructure; traffic congestion, long distances and high transportation costs to existing centralised conventional wastewater treatment facilities. Decentralised faecal sludge treatment systems (DEFASTS) centred around decentralisation (having smaller units spread across the urban areas), simplicity (reliance on natural processes in place of chemical and energy input) and reuse of treatment products presents one option that has potential to address these challenges. However, in urban areas of most developing countries there is limited availability of land to treat the human excreta closer to unplanned settlement where most of the faecal sludge is mostly generated. In addition, there are concerns over the negative public health impacts of having these treatment closer to settlements. In our study we developed a treatment system that reduces the time and land space requirement to treat the human excreta to levels that can be easily handled and pose no public health threat for reuse in agriculture.
Plasmodium falciparum clearance measured by microscopy and by qPCR after 7-day artesunate monotherapy treatment in Mali.
Creators: name: Aminatou  Kone
name: S Sissoko
name: B Fofana
name: C.O Sangare
name: D Dembele
name: A.S Haidara
name: N Diallo
name: S Tour
name: K Haidara
name: K Sanogo
name: S Toure
name: I Sagara
name: K.B Beshir
name: O.K Doumbo
name: A.A Djimde
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Background
Persisting malaria parasites in patients blood after artesunate treatment are not fully detectable by using microscopy in Africa. A more sensitive technic of qPCR might help to detect those parasite that might be resistant to the treatment.

Methods
in this study, both technics were used to measure the amount of persistant parasites after artesunate treatment in patients having malaria in two Malian villages. During 28 days of patients follow up, blood samples were collected and analyzed to determine the time that individuals parasitemia takes to disappear from the blood after treatment administration.

Results
A total of 221 patients were included from the two study sites. By microscopy, only 1.6% of the patients were having persisting parasites 72 hours after treatment in Faladjé village wile Bougoula-hameau patients had none.
measured by the qPCR technic, 68% of Faladje patients had persisting parasites versus 40% in Bougoula-hameau.

We show here a difference in parasite clearance time in two villages of Mali. At 72h after treatment, qPCR detected more persisting infections with a notable difference between the two villages.
Ground state magnetic dipole moment of 35K
Creators: name: Mertzimekis, T. J.
name: Mantica, P. F.
name: Davies, A. D.
name: Liddick, S. N.
name: Tomlin, B. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state magnetic moment of 35K has been measured using the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance on beta-emitting nuclei. The short-lived 35K nuclei were produced following the reaction of a 36Ar primary beam of energy 150 MeV/nucleon incident on a Be target. The spin polarization of the 35K nuclei produced at 2 degrees relative to the normal primary beam axis was confirmed. Together with the mirror nucleus 35S, the measurement represents the heaviest T = 3/2 mirror pair for which the spin expectation value has been obtained. A linear behavior of gp vs. gn has been demonstrated for the T = 3/2 known mirror moments and the slope and intercept are consistent with the previous analysis of T = 1/2 mirror pairs.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
On a category of chains of modules whose endomorphism rings have at most $2n$ maximal ideals
Creators: name: Campanini, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe the endomorphism rings in an additive category whose objects are right $R$-modules $M$ with a fixed chain of submodules $0=M^{(0)}\leq M^{(1)}\leq M^{(2)} \leq \dots \leq M^{(n)}=M$ and the behaviour of these objects as far as their direct sums are concerned.
Operational impact of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission: asking the right questions.
Creators: name: Opondo, Kevin Ochieng'
name: Benoit  Sessinou Assogba
name: Fredros  Okumu
name: Abdulahi, Ahmad
name: Kiware, Samson
name: D’Alessandro, Umberto
name: Wondji, Charles
name: Weetman, David
name: Donnelly, Martin James
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Over the last ten years, malaria control using insecticides impregnated bed nets (ITNs) or sprayed on walls during indoor residual spraying has reduced malaria cases and deaths. However, mosquitoes have become resistant to some insecticides thereby threatening the gains already made. Importantly, how insecticide resistance will affect malaria elimination is poorly understood and it’s not clear whether the persistence of malaria in some countries is due to insecticide resistance or to sub-optimal use of other malaria control measures.
This study proposes new ways to measure the role of insecticide resistance in malaria transmission. First, we highlight how the pattern of malaria has changed and hence how previous ways of understanding how insecticide resistance might affect malaria transmission may no longer be correct. We will improve on these earlier approaches by recognizing resistant and susceptible mosquitoes as different populations with different behaviours. This will allow us to track how each population interact with humans and insecticides to bring about disease. Based on this, we will be able to suggest new types of research relevant for National Malaria Control Programmes.
Unique and expanded breadth estimate of CD8 T-cell responses to cohort-specific HIV-1 GAG protein peptides
Creators: name: Michelo, Clive
name: Jama A. Dalel
name: Fiore-Gartland, Andrew
name: McGowan, Edward
name: Kilembe, William
name: Hare, Jonathan
name: Boasso, Adriano
name: Lala, Francesco
name: Fernandez, Natalia
name: Streatfield, Claire L.
name: Tregent, Rebecca
name: Gilmour, Jill
name: Hunter, Eric
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives:HIV-1 diversity is a major barrier in efficacious vaccine development.Different strains of HIV-1 are found in different regions of the globe; clade C in sub-Saharan Africa and clade B in the USA and Europe. A vaccine development and design approach has been to use a compilation of worldwide strains to try and develop a global vaccine. However, this approach so far has not resulted in an efficacious global vaccine. One reason for this could be that global strains might have differences to local strains that might be important for vaccine efficacy in a local population.
Methods:We thus developed an approach that uses local strains to evaluate vaccine design strategies within a defined local population. We hypothesized that this approach would more effective in determining vaccine relevant immunogenicity to global strain approaches within a defined population. We tested a vaccine design approach that used local circulating strain on samples derived from the same population and compared it to approaches that used global circulating strains.
Results/Conclusions:We show that the cohort-specific approach was able to trigger comparable immune responses to global approaches but with an added advantage of discovering cohort-unique immune triggers not detected by either of the global approaches.
A hospital based assessment of malaria RDT performance in 2017 and 2018 in malaria infected population in a low transmission setting in Cameroon.
Creators: name: Ali, Innocent
name: K.C. Guenang
name: A Efon
name: E Jum
name: J-R Kiuate
name: A.M Nji
name: D.J. Bigoga
name: G.F.R Leke
name: W.F Mbacham
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objectives
In the study, we evaluated two rapid tests compared to microscopy in 2017 and 2018 in a setting where the level of malaria is low. We checked which among many signs and symptoms can best tell if a person is positive for malaria by rapid test.
Methods
We included 750 patients suspected to have malaria in our evaluation. We detected parasites using the microscope and the rapid tests. We read the results independently. We classified the symptoms to know which can best indicate that a person truly has malaria.
Results
We found that compared to microscopy, the rapid tests could turn positive in 31% of cases in 2017 and 76% of cases in 2018. Both failed to reach the level of a good rapid test for malaria based on the standards of the World Health Organization. Our evaluation indicated that a feverish person testing positive by rapid test in this environment is likely suffering from malaria.
Conclusion
The levels of performance of these rapid tests were less than the recommended standard and they varied between the years. Several factors may account for this variation. More studies are needed to better understand the reasons for this so that malaria patients are better treated in this area.
Insecticides susceptibility and prevalence of Kdr and Ace-1 mutations among wild Anopheles arabiensis and An. melas populations in the coastal zone of low malaria transmission in Senegal.
Creators: name: Ousmane Sy
name: EA Niang
name: KO Opondo
name: B Assogba
name: A.K Dia
name: M Ndiaye
name: MA Nourdine
name: PC Sarr
name: L Konaté
name: O Gaye
name: D Weetman
name: M Donnely
name: O Faye
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Malaria is declining in the western central Senegal where malaria transmission is becoming low. Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for the residual transmission in this area and may be an obstacle to stop elimination of the disease. To achieve the goal of elimination it is important to know the status of insecticide susceptibility and the prevalence of genes that confer insecticide resistance in the main species of mosquito that transmit malaria in this area. To determine this, we collected and reared Anopheles larvae into adults then we tested them agains different families of insecticides. The genetic changes conferring insecticide resistance were studied among biting and resting mosquitoes. Insecticide susceptibility tests showed sensitivity of mosquitoes from brackish water to the three families of insecticides tested: organochlorines (DDT), organophosphorus (Pirimiphos-methyl) and carbamates (Bendiocarb). Among biting and resting populations, the Kdr mutation conferring resistance to organochlorines and pyrethroids was more prevalent than the Ace-1 mutation that confers resistance to organophosphates and carbamates. Knowledge of the susceptibility status and prevalence of resistance genes makes it easier to better organize vector control strategies in this part of the country where malaria elimination is possible.
Investigating heritability of severe malaria susceptibility and resistance in three African populations
Creators: name: Delesa  Damena Mulisa
name: Chimusa, Emile R.
Publisher: name: AAS Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Objective:We present results from a comprehensive heritability studies of severe malaria in three African populations.
Method:We obtained GWAS datasets of Gambia, Kenya and Malawi populations from European Phenome Genome Archive (EGA)through the MalariaGen consortium standard data access protocols. We estimated and partitioned the SNP heritability(h2G) of severe malaria using both genotypes-based and GWAS summary statistics-based approaches.
Results: The h2Gof severe malaria was estimated at 20.1 %(se=0.05), 19.8% (se=0.05) and 16.9% (se =0.6) in Gambian, Kenyan and Malawi populations respectively.The estimates were approximately the same for major Ethnic groups. The h2G attributed to the sickle cell (HbS) locus is estimated to be 2.6% and 3% in Gambian and Kenyan populations respectively. Partitioning analysis showed the existence of a correlation between chromosomes length and heritability per chromosome (Adj r2= 0.39, p = 0.001). h2G is significantly enriched gene coding regions; A SNP in protein coding genes contributes about three-fold h2Gcompared to a SNP in intergenic regions (p = 0.03).
Conclusion:This study provided important information about the heritability of severe malaria. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to shed more light to the unpinning genetic architecture of this trait.
Statistical analysis of self-similar conservative fragmentation chains
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Marc
name: Krell, Nathalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We explore statistical inference in self-similar conservative fragmentation chains when only approximate observations of the sizes of the fragments below a given threshold are available. This framework, introduced by Bertoin and Martinez [Adv. Appl. Probab. 37 (2005) 553--570], is motivated by mineral crushing in the mining industry. The underlying object that can be identified from the data is the step distribution of the random walk associated with a randomly tagged fragment that evolves along the genealogical tree representation of the fragmentation process. We compute upper and lower rates of estimation in a parametric framework and show that in the nonparametric case, the difficulty of the estimation is comparable to ill-posed linear inverse problems of order 1 in signal denoising.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/10-BEJ274 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
The Eddington Limit in Cosmic Rays: An Explanation for the Observed Faintness of Starbursting Galaxies
Creators: name: Socrates, Aristotle
name: Davis, Shane W.
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the luminosity of a star forming galaxy is capped by the production and subsequent expulsion of cosmic rays from its interstellar medium. By defining an Eddington luminosity in cosmic rays, we show that the star formation rate of a given galaxy is limited by its mass content and the cosmic ray mean free path. When the cosmic ray luminosity and pressure reaches a critical value as a result of vigorous star formation, hydrostatic balance is lost, a cosmic ray-driven wind develops, and star formation is choked off. Cosmic ray pressure-driven winds are likely to produce wind velocities significantly in excess of the galactic escape velocity. It is possible that cosmic ray feedback results in the Faber-Jackson relation for a plausible set of input parameters that describe cosmic ray production and transport, which are calibrated by observations of the Milky Way's interstellar cosmic rays as well as other galaxies.
description: 15 pages, accepted for publication in the ApJ
Quantum-tomography of entangled photon pairs by quantum-dot cascade decay
Creators: name: Troiani, F.
name: Perea, J. I.
name: Tejedor, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the concurrence of the polarization-entangled photon pairs generated by the biexciton cascade decay of a semiconductor quantum dot. We show how a cavity-induced increase of the photon rate emission reduces the detrimental effect of the dot dephasing and of the excitonic fine structure. However, strong dot-cavity couplings and finite detection efficiencies are shown to reduce the relevance of the desired cascade decay with respect to that of competing processes. This affects the merits of the entangled photon-pair source, beyond what estimated by the quantum-tomography.