cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Upper bound for the average entropy production based on stochastic entropy extrema
Creators: name: Limkumnerd, Surachate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second law of thermodynamics, which asserts the non-negativity of the average total entropy production of a combined system and its environment, is a direct consequence of applying Jensen's inequality to a fluctuation relation. It is also possible, through this inequality, to determine an upper bound of the average total entropy production based on the entropies along the most extreme stochastic trajectories. In this work, we construct an upper bound inequality of the average of a convex function over a domain whose average is known. When applied to the various fluctuation relations, the upper bounds of the average total entropy production are established. Finally, by employing the result of Neri, Roldán, and Jülicher [Phys. Rev. X 7, 011019 (2017)], we are able to show that the average total entropy production is bounded only by the total entropy production supremum, and vice versa, for a general non-equilibrium stationary system.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Completing the physical representation of quantum algorithms provides a retrocausal explanation of their speedup
Creators: name: Castagnoli, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous works, we showed that an optimal quantum algorithm can always be seen as a sum over classical histories in each of which the problem solver knows in advance one of the possible halves of the solution she will read in the future and performs the computation steps (oracle queries) still needed to reach it. Given an oracle problem, this retrocausal explanation of the speedup yields the order of magnitude of the number of oracle queries needed to solve it in an optimal quantum way. Presently, we provide a fundamental justification for the explanation in question and show that it comes out by just completing the physical representation of quantum algorithms. Since the use of retrocausality in quantum mechanics is controversial, showing that it answers the well accepted requirement of the completeness of the physical description should be an important pass.
description: 28 pages, self-sufficient 6 pages extended summary, provided a fundamental explanation of the quantum speedup. In extended summary, added some clarifications on the use of relational quantum mechanics and the calculation of the entropy n (second paragraph, pg 4). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.00454
A Proposal for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells with the Back-Side SiGe Quantum Dot Arrays Grown by Solid-Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Creators: name: Hoshi, Y.
name: Tayagaki, T.
name: Yunin, P.
name: Novikov, A.
name: Yurasov, D.
name: Usami, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
New Materials and Concepts for cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 173-175
description: order to increase the photocurrent by the photon absorption in the Ge(Si) QDs. It is found that the Ge content in the
back-side Ge(Si) QDs grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy increases by decreasing crystal growth
temperature. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in the near-infrared wavelength can be enhanced by increasing
the Ge content in the Ge(Si) QDs. From the numerical simulations, it is furthermore shown that the carrier
recombination rate in the SiGe also affects the IQE in the near-infrared wavelength. We demonstrate that both of the
Ge content and carrier recombination rate in the SiGe contribute to the photo-generated carrier extraction from the
Ge(Si) QDs.
Process Technologies for Nano-Wall Top Cell in Crystalline Si Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Ichikawa, Y.
name: Hirai, M.
name: Yoshiba, S.
name: Konagai, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
New Materials and Concepts for cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 176-180
description: A crystalline Si based tandem solar cell composed of a nano-wall top cell and a conventional p/n
junction bottom cell has been studied. The best bandgap of the top cell is 1.7eV for the conventional Si bottom cell.
To increase the bandgap by the quantum size effect, the width of nano-walls should be decreased to 2 nm or narrower.
In this work, we studied how to make the Si tandem cell with the nano-wall top cell. The cell structure employed was
a 4-terminal cell consisting of the Si nano-wall top cell and an interdigitated back-contact bottom cell. A top-down
process was adopted to fabricate the nano-wall, and we succeeded in obtaining an array of nano-walls with a width of
about 2.0 nm. We have not fabricated the nano-wall solar cells with this width yet, but preliminary experiments for
cell fabrication have been carried out by using samples with wider nano-walls. We will describe the structure and the
I-V characteristics of the fabricated cells in addition to the nano-wall fabrication process for the top cell.
Stability of the Matrix Dyson Equation and Random Matrices with Correlations
Creators: name: Ajanki, Oskari
name: Erdos, Laszlo
name: Krüger, Torben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60B20 (Primary), 15B52, 46T99 (Secondary)

description: We consider real symmetric or complex hermitian random matrices with correlated entries. We prove local laws for the resolvent and universality of the local eigenvalue statistics in the bulk of the spectrum. The correlations have fast decay but are otherwise of general form. The key novelty is the detailed stability analysis of the corresponding matrix valued Dyson equation whose solution is the deterministic limit of the resolvent.
description: Format was adjusted to coincide with the published version in PTRF
Mass Effect on Axial Charge Dynamics
Creators: name: Guo, Er-dong
name: Lin, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied effect of finite quark mass on the dynamics of axial charge using the D3/D7 model in holography. The mass term in axial anomaly equation affects both the fluctuation (generation) and dissipation of axial charge. We studied the dependence of the effect on quark mass and external magnetic field. For axial charge generation, we calculated the mass diffusion rate, which characterizes the helicity flipping rate. The rate is a non-monotonous function of mass and can be significantly enhanced by the magnetic field. The diffusive behavior is also related to a divergent susceptibility of axial charge. For axial charge dissipation, we found that in the long time limit, the mass term dissipates all the charge effectively generated by parallel electric and magnetic fields. The result is consistent with a relaxation time approximation. The rate of dissipation through mass term is a monotonous increasing function of both quark mass and magnetic field.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
A Burst in a Wind Bubble and the Impact on Baryonic Ejecta: High-Energy Gamma-Ray Flashes and Afterglows from Fast Radio Bursts and Pulsar-Driven Supernova Remnants
Creators: name: Murase, Kohta
name: Kashiyama, Kazumi
name: Meszaros, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tenuous wind bubbles, which are formed by the spin-down activity of central compact remnants, are relevant in some models of fast radio bursts (FRBs) and super-luminous supernovae. We study their high-energy signatures, focusing on the role of pair-enriched bubbles produced by young magnetars, rapidly-rotating neutron stars, and magnetized white dwarfs. (i) First, we study the nebular properties and the conditions allowing for escape of high-energy gamma-rays and radio waves, showing that their escape is possible for nebulae with ages of >10-100 yr. In the rapidly-rotating neutron star scenario, we find that radio emission from the quasi-steady nebula itself may be bright enough to be detected especially at sub-mm frequencies, which is relevant as a possible counterpart of pulsar-driven SNe and FRBs. (ii) Second, we consider the fate of bursting emission in the nebulae. We suggest that an impulsive burst may lead to a highly relativistic flow, which would interact with the nebula. If the shocked nebula is still relativistic, pre-existing non-thermal particles in the nebula can be significantly boosted by the forward shock, leading to short-duration (maybe millisecond or longer) high-energy gamma-ray flashes. Possible dissipation at the reverse shock may also lead to gamma-ray emission. (iii) After such flares, interactions with the baryonic ejecta may lead to afterglow emission with a duration of days to weeks. In the magnetar scenario, this burst-in-bubble model leads to the expectation that nearby (<10-100 Mpc) high-energy gamma-ray flashes may be detected by HAWC and CTA, and the subsequent afterglow emission may be seen by radio telescopes such as VLA. (iv) Finally, we discuss several implications specific to FRBs, including constraints on the emission regions and limits on soft gamma-ray counterparts.
description: 15 pages, 6+1 figures, 1 table, published in MNRAS (arXiv on 03/28/2016), free-free absorption recalculated with more realistic parameters (conclusions unchanged), arXiv version with comments on FRB 121102
First measurements of high frequency cross-spectra from a pair of large Michelson interferometers
Creators: name: Chou, Aaron S.
name: Gustafson, Richard
name: Hogan, Craig
name: Kamai, Brittany
name: Kwon, Ohkyung
name: Lanza, Robert
name: McCuller, Lee
name: Meyer, Stephan S.
name: Richardson, Jonathan
name: Stoughton, Chris
name: Tomlin, Raymond
name: Waldman, Samuel
name: Weiss, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements are reported of the cross-correlation of spectra of differential position signals from the Fermilab Holometer, a pair of co-located 39 m long, high power Michelson interferometers with flat, broadband frequency response in the MHz range. The instrument obtains sensitivity to high frequency correlated signals far exceeding any previous measurement in a broad frequency band extending beyond the 3.8 MHz inverse light crossing time of the apparatus. The dominant but uncorrelated shot noise is averaged down over $2\times 10^8$ independent spectral measurements with 381 Hz frequency resolution to obtain $2.1\times 10^{-20} \ \mathrm{m}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ sensitivity to stationary signals. For signal bandwidths $Δf > 11$ kHz, the sensitivity to strain $h$ or shear power spectral density of classical or exotic origin surpasses a milestone $PSD_{δh} < t_p$ where $t_p= 5.39\times 10^{-44}/\mathrm{Hz}$ is the Planck time.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
On volumes of quasi-arithmetic hyperbolic lattices
Creators: name: Emery, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the covolume of any quasi-arithmetic hyperbolic lattice (a notion that generalizes the definition of arithmetic subgroups) is a rational multiple of the covolume of an arithmetic subgroup. As a corollary, we obtain a good description for the shape of the volumes of most of the known hyperbolic n-manifolds with n>3.
description: 11 pages. Final version. To appear in Selecta math
The geometric discretisation of the Suslov problem: a case study of consistency for nonholonomic integrators
Creators: name: Garcia-Naranjo, Luis C.
name: Jimenez, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70F25, 37M99, 65P10

description: Geometric integrators for nonholonomic systems were introduced by Cortés and Martínez in [Nonholonomic integrators, Nonlinearity, 14, 2001] by proposing a discrete Lagrange-D'Alembert principle. Their approach is based on the definition of a discrete Lagrangian $L_d$ and a discrete constraint space $D_d$. There is no recipe to construct these objects and the performance of the integrator is sensitive to their choice. Cortés and Martínez claim that choosing $L_d$ and $D_d$ in a consistent manner with respect to a finite difference map is necessary to guarantee an approximation of the continuous flow within a desired order of accuracy. Although this statement is given without proof, similar versions of it have appeared recently in the literature. We evaluate the importance of the consistency condition by comparing the performance of two different geometric integrators for the nonholonomic Suslov problem, only one of which corresponds to a consistent choice of $L_d$ and $D_d$. We prove that both integrators produce approximations of the same order, and, moreover, that the non-consistent discretisation outperforms the other in numerical experiments and in terms of energy preservation. Our results indicate that the consistency of a discretisation might not be the most relevant feature to consider in the construction of nonholonomic geometric integrators.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures. The second version was prepared according to corrections suggested by the referees in DCDS-A. The main results of the paper are presented in a more prominent way in the abstract, the introduction and the conclusions. The figures have been improved and summarised
Maneuver to Prevent PV Modules from Causing PID and Snail Track
Creators: name: Yoshida, T.
name: Hirano, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
New Materials and Concepts for Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 146-148
description: To prevent PID (potential induced degradation), we have developed coating materials with high
water-repellency. The coating solution consists of fluorine-hybrid of inorganic and organic components, and the
resultant coated layer has attained environmentally tough properties.
Only by wiping photovoltaic (PV) modules with cloth and the coating solution followed by drying, coated
modules show that the losses of the normal powers (LNP) are less than 0.7%, after duration tests at 85°C and
85%RH, regardless of loading continuously electrical current.
Further the present material has a function of anti-reflection (AR). A single coated layer on glass substrate of a c-
Si PV module, gives ~3% of enhancement of the light-trapping performance (LTP) and to improve 2.99% of the
power generation efficiency, respectively.
Self-Organized Texture of GaAs by Wet Etching for Light Trapping in MQWS Solar Cells
Creators: name: Watanabe, K.
name: Inoue, T.
name: Sodabanlu, H.
name: Sugiyama, M.
name: Nakano, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
New Materials and Concepts for cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 181-184
description: Light trapping effect is one of the attractive approaches to improve the performance of solar cells and
to save the material consumption. Using a light scattering texture on the rear surface of a cell, the light trapping effect
in strain-balanced InGaAs/GaAsP multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cells was demonstrated. In order to fabricate
a light scattering structure on the rear GaAs surface, mask-less wet etching with NH4OH or H2SO4 solution was
attempted. After etching in the modified solution, the GaAs with mirror polished surface changed to the Lambertianlike
surface due to self-organized texture. The surface structure was confirmed by microscopic observation and
spectral specular reflectance. Multiple reflections inside the cell are induced owing to the light scattering at the rear
surface of the cell, and optical absorption is enhanced in the cell. For the demonstration of the light trapping effect,
20-period of MQWs in GaAs solar cells were grown on the semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrate to avoid the freecarrier
absorption. Applying the self-organized texture on the of GaAs substrate, enhanced external quantum
efficiency (EQE) was obtained in the wavelength range corresponding to the absorption in optically-thin MQWs.
Comparing to the reference sample with mirror polished rear surface, ~2.7 times larger EQE was observed.
Towards the Efficiency Limits of Silicon Solar Cells: How Thin Is Too Thin?
Creators: name: Andreani, L.C.
name: Kowalczewski, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 117-120
description: It is currently possible to fabricate crystalline silicon solar cells with the absorber thickness ranging
from a few hundreds of micrometres (conventional wafer-based cells) to devices as thin as 1 μm. In this work, we use
a model single-junction solar cell to calculate the limits of energy conversion efficiency and estimate the optimal
absorber thickness. We analyse the roles of bulk and surface recombination mechanisms. Considering the main
parameters that impact the solar cell performance, we quantify the requirements for achieving a given efficiency,
which helps us to establish a proper design strategy for high efficiency silicon solar cells. Finally, we review an
analytic electro-optical model of silicon solar cells, which is a reliable alternative to more complex device simulators.
Will the effects of storage media alter the results / properties of materials being tested in an invitro studies on extracted teeth? - A systematic review
Creators: name: Billoo, Sadiq
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dental Materials
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Prosthodontics and Prosthodontology
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This systematic review aims to explore the effect of storage media on the dental material properties in extracted teeth
Comparative Study of Advanced Photovoltaic Modeling Using One-Diode and Two-Diodes Models
Creators: name: Fairouz, F.
name: Mohammad, H.
name: Qasem, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 121-126
description: Photovoltaic (PV) modeling is used in the performance prediction of the PV modules. Accordingly, a
comparative study of advanced one-diode and two-diode PV modeling was conducted. Both models were modified
by investigating the variations of the parasitic resistances with the change in environmental conditions. The models
were simulated for a polycrystalline silicon PV module using MATLAB software. The parameters of the models were
extracted from indoor measurements for a tested PV module using solar simulator. The two models were verified
experimentally under different local environmental conditions in Kuwait to confirm the suitability of the best model
under these conditions. Both models have shown approximately the same simulated current-voltage (I-V)
characteristics at the standard test conditions. Nevertheless, at different temperature and irradiance conditions of
indoor measurements, the average deviation between the measured and simulated parameters of the two-diode model
was lower than that of the one-diode model by 0.012%. Moreover, the investigated models were compared against
outdoor measurement data to confirm the proximity of the models to replicate the local environment. Both models
showed close proximity to the measured data and can be utilized for performance prediction of PV modules.
Light Trapping Film for Bifacial Applications
Creators: name: Van Aken, B.B.
name: Van Roosmalen, J.A.M.
name: Okel, L.A.G.
name: Romijn, I.G.
name: Janssen, G.J.M.
name: Mrcarica, M.
name: Du-Mong, K.
name: Rooijmans, M.
name: Panofen, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
New Materials and Concepts for Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 100-103
description: DSM’s light trapping film (LTF) is applied to bifacial modules to improve the energy yield for vertical,
east/west facing applications. The LTF increases the current both at test conditions (STC) and under high albedo with
about 4% compared to planar solar glass, due to the better anti-reflection (AR) and light trapping properties. Without
LTF, the current drop due to reflection at the air/glass interface increases from 4% to 45% for incident angles
between 0 and 85°, With LTF it remains between 1 and 4%, coupling almost all light at all angles into the module.
Optical, thermal and electrical modelling together with time resolved meteorological data results in time resolved
output power. This shows that for east/west facing vertical modules 60% of the calculated energy output is generated
at incidence angle >55°, versus 20% for equator-facing modules. Applying the annual energy yield (AEY) model to
bifacial modules in vertical applications, we show that there is >6% gain in AEY by the addition of LTF. In general,
as LTF is most effective for light incident at higher angles, systems that have a large contribution from either (or
both) diffuse or ground reflected light will benefit the most from addition of LTF.
Creating Multiphase Steels Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Mixed
Creators: name: LI, HUIKAI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Additive manufacturing

description: In this work, we present and validate a physically-based model to predict the chemical distribution resulting from LPBF of physically mixed powders of different compositions. We demonstrate that mixing of powders with different compositions can be used to generate a deliberately controlled, mesoscale chemical heterogeneity in LPBF that allows the formation of multiphase microstructures and delivers new microstructural complexity to LPBF. The model describing the chemical distribution in the consolidated build has also been extended to describe remelting effects and exploited for the design of spatially varying microstructures. This provides a path towards generating architectured materials from random mixes of initial powders.
Smart PV Module Topology with a Snake-Like Configuration
Creators: name: Baka, M.
name: Catthoor, F.
name: Soudris, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
New Materials and Concepts for Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 104-107
description: Non-uniform operating conditions of photovoltaic modules lead to significant losses in the energyyield
of PV installations. Irradiation and temperature differences between the cells of the module have a severe
impact on the overall performance of the PV system. Variable shading due to clouds and casting shadows of nearby
objects cannot be efficiently handled by the all series cell connection of industrial modules. Current mismatch in
series-connected cells limits the generated power by either reducing the overall current or by bypassing the section
containing the “poorly” performing cells. The configuration proposed in this paper allows different run-time
instantiations of the module to allow the majority of the cells to operate at their Maximum Power Point. This is
enabled through a network of additional components (switches, local dc/dc converters). The proposed module is
evaluated in a simulation environment and the utilized model includes resistive and conversion losses due to the extra
components. It is shown that the proposed configurable topology recovers most of the power lost due to current
mismatch and outperforms conventional topologies under non-uniform conditions.
Assessment of the Inter-Annual Variability of the Global Horizontal Irradiance in the Atacama Desert of Chile
Creators: name: Darez, P.
name: Baudry, J.
name: Darr, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 20-24
description: The inter-annual variability (IAV) of the solar resource is an important uncertainty component in
annual energy production (AEP) estimates of photovoltaic (PV) plants. Based on studies in the Mediterranean and
Black Sea region, a figure of 4 to 6% is sometimes used by consultants. For the extremely arid climates in the
Atacama Desert in the North of Chile such generic values are expected to unnecessarily penalise developers seeking
project financing. In the absence of reliable and consistent long-term ground measurements for this region, and based
on previous in-house validation work and industry experience, long-term mesoscale satellite-derived datasets from
the SolarGIS® database were found to be the best available data source to estimate the IAV of the global horizontal
irradiance (GHI). It was found that none of the 14 sample sites considered in this study displayed an IAV exceeding
2%. While this result is subject to limitations, the observed performance of the model relative to measured data
suggests that the uncertainty in the IAV value is small compared to the systematic error that otherwise arises from
using a 4 to 6% generic figure for sites in the Atacama.
Investigation of Hybrid Tunnel Junction Architectures for III-V/Si Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Hamon, G.
name: Cariou, R.
name: Lachaume, R.
name: Decobert, J.
name: Louarn, K.
name: Chen, W.
name: Alvarez, J.
name: Kleider, J.P.
name: Roca I Cabarrocas, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
New Materials and Concepts for cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 75-79
description: We fabricated n-Si/p-GaAs and p-Si/n-GaAs junctions, by combining low temperature (under 200°C) RFPECVD
for Si and MOVPE for GaAs. In particular, we focused on low-resistance Si/GaAs tunnel junctions (< 1
mΩ.cm2) suitable for the interconnection of two subcells in tandem III-V/Si solar cells. We first demonstrate the growth
of highly doped epitaxial silicon films on GaAs despite the 4% lattice-match between these two materials. Spectroscopic
ellipsometry measurements were used to confirm the quality of the epitaxial Si layers. The electrical properties of the
grown junctions were measured based on four-point probes method and analyzed using TCAD simulations on Silvaco.
We demonstrate a very low resistance for the p-Si/n-GaAs junction, down to 3.10-5 .cm2, with current densities above
10.000 A/cm2, suitable for ultra-high concentration photovoltaics, largely exceeding the requirement for our low
concentration targeted conditions (below 20 suns).
Removing debris from soil, separating worm eggs, and counting them
Creators: name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agricultural biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)
Food technology
Food sustainability
Food safety, traceability, certification and authenticity
Animal management
Animal growth and development
Animal welfare
Animal reproduction and breeding
Animal protection (incl. pests and pathogens)
Environmental studies in animal production

description: Many nematodes (microscopic roundworms) are soil-dwelling plant parasites that infect the roots of plants and cause billions of dollars of crop loss worldwide on an annual basis. Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is the most damaging soybean pathogen in the United States and Canada, causing hundreds of millions of dollars in crop loss annually. The SCN infects the roots of soybeans and siphons nutrients from the plants, leading to stunted growth and reduced crop yields. The amount of damage and yield loss caused by the nematode is related to several factors, including the number of eggs (egg population density) in the soil. Knowing the SCN population density in the soil can be useful in guiding the use of management strategies and assessing the success of management efforts in SCN-infested fields. The objectives of this work were: 1) to develop a method of purifying eggs from suspension with debris and 2) to develop new methods to automate counting of eggs once extracted from cysts and purified. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0223386
A Semi-Lagrangian two-level preconditioned Newton-Krylov solver for constrained diffeomorphic image registration
Creators: name: Mang, Andreas
name: Biros, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68U10, 49J20, 35Q93, 65K10, 65F08, 76D55

description: We propose an efficient numerical algorithm for the solution of diffeomorphic image registration problems. We use a variational formulation constrained by a partial differential equation (PDE), where the constraints are a scalar transport equation. We use a pseudospectral discretization in space and second-order accurate semi-Lagrangian time stepping scheme for the transport equations. We solve for a stationary velocity field using a preconditioned, globalized, matrix-free Newton-Krylov scheme. We propose and test a two-level Hessian preconditioner. We consider two strategies for inverting the preconditioner on the coarse grid: a nested preconditioned conjugate gradient method (exact solve) and a nested Chebyshev iterative method (inexact solve) with a fixed number of iterations. We test the performance of our solver in different synthetic and real-world two-dimensional application scenarios. We study grid convergence and computational efficiency of our new scheme. We compare the performance of our solver against our initial implementation that uses the same spatial discretization but a standard, explicit, second-order Runge-Kutta scheme for the numerical time integration of the transport equations and a single-level preconditioner. Our improved scheme delivers significant speedups over our original implementation. As a highlight, we observe a 20$\times$ speedup for a two dimensional, real world multi-subject medical image registration problem.
UniSAFE: Forschungszentrum Jülich – institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Huck, Averil
name: Linkova, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Maximal Ratio Combining Diversity Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Communications Subject to $κ-μ$ Shadowed Fading Channels
Creators: name: Salahat, Ehab
name: Hakam, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, a novel unified analytical expression for average bit error rates (ABER) and average channel capacity (ACC) is presented for the $κ-μ$ shadowed fading model. This new shadowed fading model has shown to be suitable for underwater wireless channel modeling for the measurements conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory, and is not so well covered in the public literature. Deploying the Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) receiver, a new simple analytical expression for the probability density function (PDF) of the receiver output signal to noise ratio is presented. Based on this new PDF, the novel unified ABER and ACC expression derived. To further generalize the error rate analysis, the additive white generalized Gaussian noise model is assumed that models the different noise environments. The new unified expression is accurate, simple and generic, and is suitable for MRC analysis in this generalized shadowed fading and noise environment. Numerical techniques and published results from the technical literature corroborate the generality and accuracy of our analysis under the different test scenarios.
description: 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2016), Florence, Italy, 23-26 Oct. 2016
Nonperturbative emergence of Dirac fermion in strongly correlated composite fermions of fractional quantum Hall effects
Creators: name: Yang, Yibin
name: Luo, Xi
name: Yu, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classic composite fermion field theory (Ref. 1) builds up an excellent framework to uniformly study important physical objects and globally explain anomalous experimental phenomena in fractional quantum Hall physics while there are also inherent weaknesses. We present a nonperturbative emergent Dirac fermion theory from this strongly correlated composite fermion field theory, which overcomes these serious long-standing shortcomings. The particle-hole symmetry of Dirac equation resolves this particle-hole symmetry enigma in the composite fermion field theory. With the help of presented numerical data, we show that for main Jain's sequences of fractional quantum Hall effects, this emergent Dirac fermion theory is most likely nonperturbatively stable.
description: 7 pages, 1 table, 1 figure, published version
Photovoltaic Characteristics of Ultra-Thin Silicon Solar Cells below 10 nm
Creators: name: Miyazawa, R.
name: Shoji, T.
name: Kakushima, K.
name: Kataoka, Y.
name: Nishiyama, A.
name: Sugii, N.
name: Wakabayashi, H.
name: Tsutsui, K.
name: Ohashi, H.
name: Natori, K.
name: Iwai, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
New Materials and Concepts for cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 52-54
description: Silicon nanowall solar cells are expected to exceed the efficiency limit of bulk Si solar cells owing to
quantum confined enlarged bandgap with optical absorption properties. However, one of the concerns of nanowall
cells is the presence of surface states to increase the recombination velocity. In this work, photovoltaic (PV)
properties of ultra-thin lateral p+-i-n+ Si solar cells with Si layer thickness below 10 nm have been characterized
under AM1.5 light illumination, and the impact of thickness on PV characteristics has been examined. With thinner
Si layer less than 6 nm, open-circuit voltage (VOC) has shown gradual increment, which is predicted by theoretical
calculation of bandgap enlargement. The short-circuit current (ISC) has shown linear dependency on thickness from
3.3 to 7.6 nm, which indicates that generated photocurrent is linearly proportional to volume of Si layer. However,
the gradual current reduction with anode voltage application caused the FF degradation. This is mainly caused by
series resistance due to missing dopants. Therefore, formation of junctions is a critical issue for ultra-thin Si solar
cells.
Letter from Louis McLane to William Elliot Griffis, January 31, 1894
Creators: name: McLane, Louis
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1894

description: Expresses inabillity to confirm the date and the place of the meeting Commodore Kennedy with the Korean [Mandarin?]. Refers Griffis to the Department of Mr. Roberts and to the Navy Log Books of the S.S. Peacock.
A Perron-type theorem for fractional linear differential systems
Creators: name: Cong, N. D.
name: Doan, T. S.
name: Tuan, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 34A08, 34A30, 34E10

description: We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a system of linear inhomogeneous fractional differential equations to have at least one bounded solution. We also obtain an explicit description for the set of all bounded (or decay) solutions for these systems.
description: 20 pages
Pathways Towards Advanced PID Resistance of 1500V
Creators: name: Pop, S.C.
name: Schulze, R.
name: Wang, X.
name: Wang, H.
name: Nee, J.
name: Inns, D.
name: Meisel, A.
name: Kapur, J.
name: Antoniadis, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 15-19
description: The recent technological shift towards photovoltaic (PV) systems operating at voltages as high as
1500 Vdc combined with the trend towards transformerless inverters in order to reduce the system complexity and cost is
increasing the risk of Potential-induced-degradation (PID) in contemporary PV modules. It is well known in the PV
industry that PID phenomenon is one of the major technical challenges with an incomplete fundamental understanding.
To minimize the risk of PID there are several approaches at different levels of the PV cell and module laminate (e.g. cell
anti reflective coating, encapsulants, etc.). Yingli is going beyond current standards and is striving for PID resistance for
voltages of up to 1500Vdc, without sacrificing power output to deliver a reliable, manufactural, and cost-effective
solution to the problem. In this work, we study the potential of resolving PID on the cell-level by modifying the Silicon
Nitride (SiNx) anti-reflection coating (ARC) and compare it to a module-level approach using ionomer encapsulants. We
identified SiNx coatings that yield PID resistance at 1000 Vdc, albeit at cost of power loss. Ionomers show full
suppression of PID at no initial power loss, which was verified by an independent testing lab. In addition, we
demonstrated that modules made with ionomer film surpassed standard reliability tests. Results of PID exposure tests at
1500Vdc will be presented.
Using Simon's Algorithm to Attack Symmetric-Key Cryptographic Primitives
Creators: name: Santoli, Thomas
name: Schaffner, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present new connections between quantum information and the field of classical cryptography. In particular, we provide examples where Simon's algorithm can be used to show insecurity of commonly used cryptographic symmetric-key primitives. Specifically, these examples consist of a quantum distinguisher for the 3-round Feistel network and a forgery attack on CBC-MAC which forges a tag for a chosen-prefix message querying only other messages (of the same length). We assume that an adversary has quantum-oracle access to the respective classical primitives. Similar results have been achieved recently in independent work by Kaplan et al. Our findings shed new light on the post-quantum security of cryptographic schemes and underline that classical security proofs of cryptographic constructions need to be revisited in light of quantum attackers.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures. v3: final polished version, more formal definitions added
EMIL: the Energy Materials in-Situ Laboratory Berlin – a Novel Characterization Facility for Photovoltaic and Energy Materials
Creators: name: Lips, K.
name: Schulze, T.F.
name: Starr, D.E.
name: Bär, M.
name: Wilks, R.G.
name: Fenske, F.
name: Ruske, F.
name: Reiche, M.
name: Van De Krol, R.
name: Reichardt, G.
name: Schäfers, F.
name: Hendel, S.
name: Follath, R.
name: Bahrdt, J.
name: Peredkov, S.
name: DeBeer, S.
name: Hävecker, M.
name: Knop-Gericke, A.
name: Rau, B.
name: Kaufmann, C.A.
name: Schlatmann, R.
name: Schlögl, R.
name: Rech, B.
name: Raoux, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: NEW MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 25-28
description: A knowledge-based approach towards developing a new generation of solar energy conversion devices
requires a fast and direct feedback between sophisticated analytics and state-of-the-art processing/test facilities for all
relevant material classes. A promising approach is the coupling of synchrotron-based X-ray characterization
techniques, providing the unique possibility to map the electronic and chemical structure of thin layers and interface
regions – with relevant in-system/in-situ sample preparation or in-operando analysis capabilities in one dedicated
laboratory. EMIL, the Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin, is a unique facility at the BESSY II synchrotron
light source. EMIL will be dedicated to the in-system, in-situ, and in-operando X-ray analysis of materials and
devices for energy conversion and energy storage technologies including photovoltaic applications and photoelectrochemical
processes. EMIL comprises up to five experimental end-stations, three of them can access X-rays in
an energy range of 80 eV – 10 keV. For example, one key setup of EMIL combines a suite of advanced spectroscopic
characterization tools with industry-relevant deposition facilities in one integrated ultra-high vacuum system. These
deposition tools allow the growth of PV devices based on silicon, compound semiconductors, hybrid heterojunctions,
and organo-metal halide perovskites on up to 6’’ sized substrates.
EMIL will serve as a research platform for national and international collaboration in the field of
photovoltaic/photocatalytic energy conversion and beyond. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the analytic
and material capabilities at EMIL.
Boundary regularity and sufficient conditions for strong local minimizers
Creators: name: Cordero, Judith Campos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J60, 49K10, 49K20, 49N60

description: In this paper we present a new proof of the sufficiency theorem for strong local minimizers concerning $C^1$-extremals at which the second variation is strictly positive. The results are presented in the quasiconvex setting, in accordance with the original statement by Grabovsky and Mengesha (2009). The strategy that we follow relies on a decomposition theorem that allows to split a sequence of variations into its oscillating and its concentrating parts, as well as on a sufficiency result according to which smooth extremals are spatially-local minimizers. Furthermore, we prove partial regularity up to the boundary for strong local minimizers in the non-homogeneous case and a full regularity result for Lipschitz extremals with gradient of vanishing mean oscillation. As a consequence, we also establish a sufficiency result for this class of extremals. The regularity results are established via a blow-up argument.
description: Revised version, now in press, Journal of Functional Analysis, 2017
Finite Groups with 6 or 7 Automorphism Orbits
Creators: name: Dantas, Alex Carrazedo
name: Garonzi, Martino
name: Bastos, Raimundo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a group. The orbits of the natural action of $\mbox{Aut}(G)$ on $G$ are called "automorphism orbits" of $G$, and the number of automorphism orbits of $G$ is denoted by $ω(G)$. In this paper the finite nonsolvable groups $G$ with $ω(G) \leq 6$ are classified - this solves a problem posed by Markus Stroppel - and it is proved that there are infinitely many finite nonsolvable groups $G$ with $ω(G)=7$. Moreover it is proved that for a given number $n$ there are only finitely many finite groups $G$ without nontrivial abelian normal subgroups and such that $ω(G) \leq n$, generalizing a result of Kohl.
Dark Matter Search Results from the Commissioning Run of PandaX-II
Creators: name: PandaX Collaboration
name: Tan, Andi
name: Xiao, Xiang
name: Cui, Xiangyi
name: Chen, Xun
name: Chen, Yunhua
name: Fang, Deqing
name: Fu, Changbo
name: Giboni, Karl
name: Giuliani, Franco
name: Gong, Haowei
name: Hu, Shouyang
name: Huang, Xingtao
name: Ji, Xiangdong
name: Ju, Yonglin
name: Lei, Siao
name: Li, Shaoli
name: Li, Xiaomei
name: Li, Xinglong
name: Liang, Hao
name: Lin, Qing
name: Liu, Huaxuan
name: Liu, Jianglai
name: Lorenzon, Wolfgang
name: Ma, Yugang
name: Mao, Yajun
name: Ni, Kaixuan
name: Pushkin, Kirill
name: Ren, Xiangxiang
name: Schubnell, Michael
name: Shen, Manbin
name: Shi, Fang
name: Stephenson, Scott
name: Wang, Hongwei
name: Wang, Jiming
name: Wang, Meng
name: Wang, Qiuhong
name: Wang, Siguang
name: Wang, Xuming
name: Wang, Zhou
name: Wu, Shiyong
name: Xiao, Mengjiao
name: Xie, Pengwei
name: Yan, Binbin
name: Yang, Yong
name: Yue, Jianfeng
name: Zeng, Xionghui
name: Zhang, Hongguang
name: Zhang, Hua
name: Zhang, Huanqiao
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Zhao, Li
name: Zhou, Jing
name: Zhou, Xiaopeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a search for WIMPs from the commissioning run of the PandaX-II experiment located at the China Jinping underground Laboratory. A WIMP search data set with an exposure of 306$\times$19.1 kg-day was taken, while its dominant $^{85}$Kr background was used as the electron recoil calibration. No WIMP candidates are identified, and a 90\% upper limit is set on the spin-independent elastic WIMP-nucleon cross section with a lowest excluded cross section of 2.97$\times$10$^{-45}$~cm$^2$ at a WIMP mass of 44.7~GeV/c$^2$.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, v2 as accepted by PRD
Brazil as New PV Market Opportunity
Creators: name: Betz, S.
name: Weiss, I.
name: Caneva, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Issues

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3137-3142
description: It is important to recognize solar energy as an international and strategic opportunity for the European
market to expand. The objective of this study is to assess PV energy competitiveness in the market for distributed energy
in Brazil, analyzing a case study of the city of São Paulo. Competitiveness is defined as the risks associated with the
financial performance of a domestic grid-connected rooftop PV considering the current net-metering scheme in São
Paulo. Financial performance is evaluated in terms of socket parity together with a discounted net cash flow analysis.
Risk and uncertainty assessment were facilitated by a Monte Carlo simulation on the financial model outputs. The
competitiveness analysis was performed considering the impact of a change in the tax regulation related to the trading of
electricity in the net-metering scheme in April of 2015 (Convênio CONFAZ nº 16/2015). In conclusion, solar PV market
in Brazil is moving towards becoming a more competitive source of energy in both markets for centralized and
distributed PV systems. It has been demonstrated that more favorable policies on the regulatory framework of taxation
could help improving competitiveness.