cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Media views of the Stromboli 2002–2003 eruption and evacuation: a content analysis to understand framing of risk communication during a volcanic crisis
Creators: name: Calabrò, Laura
name: Harris, Andrew J. L.
name: Thouret, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Frequency of word
You're Only as Good as Your Customs Holdings: Optimizing Interlibrary Loan Borrowing
Creators: name: Norton, Brynne
name: Weible, Cherié
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024

description: Faster shipping, cheaper fees, and longer loan periods are the buzzwords when it comes to interlibrary borrowing, but how do you effectively gather data to identify lending libraries that meet these factors? One way is to take advantage of customization and automations in WorldShare ILL to leverage smart lender strings in combination with partner libraries. Information from lending libraries is available in the policies directory, however, sometimes other factors, such as shipping times, impact turnaround time. Reviewing real data periodically helps to identify misconceptions around which libraries meet that criteria. Two large academic libraries will show how they have effectively optimized their customs holdings and how you can replicate the process in order to meet these goals as applicable to your local environment. Graphs of turnaround times, maps, and screenshots showing customizations and workflows will demonstrate to the audience how easy it is to implement changes in their library setting and the positive impact these changes have on patron satisfaction as well as the reduction of staff time.
A Model of Metastable EeV Dark Matter
Creators: name: Dudas, Emilian
name: Heurtier, Lucien
name: Mambrini, Yann
name: Olive, Keith A.
name: Pierre, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model where a long-lived pseudoscalar EeV particle can be produced with sufficient abundance so as to account for the cold dark matter density, despite having a Planck mass suppressed coupling to the thermal bath. Connecting this state to a hidden sterile neutrino sector through derivative couplings, induced by higher dimensional operators, allows one to account for light neutrino masses while having a lifetime that can be much larger than the age of the Universe. Moreover, the same derivative coupling accounts for the production of dark matter in the very first instant of the reheating. Given the sensitivity of the IceCube and ANITA collaborations, we study the possible signatures of such a model in the form of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays in the neutrino sector, and show that such signals could be detected in the near future.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Typo corrected
Supersymmetric Corrections to Eleven-Dimensional Supergravity
Creators: name: Cederwall, Martin
name: Gran, Ulf
name: Nilsson, Bengt E. W.
name: Tsimpis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study eleven-dimensional supergravity in its most general form. This is done by implementing manifest supersymmetry (and Lorentz invariance) through the use of the geometric (torsion and curvature) superspace Bianchi identities. These identities are solved to linear order in a deformation parameter introduced via the dimension zero supertorsion given in its most general form. The theory so obtained is referred to as the deformed theory (to avoid the previously used term "off-shell"). An important by-product of this result is that any higher derivative correction to ordinary supergravity of the same dimension as R^4, but not necessarily containing it, derived e.g. from M-theory, must appear in a form compatible with the equations obtained here. Unfortunately we have not yet much to say about the explicit structure of these corrections in terms of the fields in the massless supermultiplet. Our results are potentially powerful since if the dimension zero torsion could be derived by other means, our reformulation of the Bianchi identities as a number of algebraic relations implies that the full theory would be known to first order in the deformation, including the dynamics. We mention briefly some methods to derive the information needed to obtain explicit answers both in the context of supergravity and ten-dimensional super-Yang-Mills where the situation is better understood. Other relevant aspects like spinorial cohomology, the role of the 3- and 6-form potentials and the connection of these results to M2 and M5 branes are also commented upon.
description: 62 pp., JHEP style
Exploring the QCD phase diagram with compact stars
Creators: name: Blaschke, D.
name: Grigorian, H.
name: Khalatyan, A.
name: Voskresensky, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a nonlocal chiral quark model with separable 4-fermion interaction for the case of U(3) flavor symmetry and show that strange quark matter is unlikely to occur in a large enough volume of a compact star to entail remarkable observational consequences. The phase diagram in the two-flavor sector of such model has a critical end point of the line of first order chiral/deconfinement phase transitions on which a triple point marks the junction with the critical line for second order phase transitions to two-flavor color superconductivity (2SC) below T~80 MeV. Stable hybrid star configurations with large quark matter core in a color superconducting phase can exist. A consistent cooling phenomenology requires that all quark species be gapped, the minimal pairing gap of the order of 10 - 100 keV.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the Workshop on QCD Down Under, Barossa Valley and Adelaide, Australia, 10-19 Mar 2004
The QCD Phase Diagram at Non-zero Baryon and Isospin Chemical Potentials
Creators: name: Toublan, D.
name: Klein, B.
name: Verbaarschot, J. J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In heavy ion collision experiments as well as in neutron stars, both baryon and isospin chemical potentials are different from zero. In particular, the regime of small isospin chemical potential is phenomenologically important. Using a random matrix model, we find that the phase diagram at non-zero temperature and baryon chemical potential is greatly altered by an arbitrarily small isospin chemical potential: There are two first order phase transitions at low temperature, two critical endpoints, and two crossovers at high temperature. As a consequence, in the region of the phase diagram explored by RHIC experiments, there are two crossovers that separate the hadronic phase from the quark-gluon plasma phase at high temperature.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures. Talk presented at Lattice2004(non-zero), Fermilab, June 21 - 26, 2004
Experimental review of the $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ physics at $e^+e^-$ colliders and the LHC
Creators: name: Jia, Sen
name: Zhou, Xingyu
name: Shen, Chengping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The three lowest-lying $Υ$ states, i.e. $Υ(1S)$, $Υ(2S)$, and $Υ(3S)$, composed of $b\bar b$ pairs and below the $B\bar B$ threshold, provide a good platform for the researches of hadronic physics and physics beyond the Standard Model. They can be produced directly in $e^+e^-$ colliding experiments, such as CLEO, Babar, and Belle, with low continuum backgrounds. In these experiments, many measurements of the exclusive $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$ decays into light hadrons, which shed light on the "80\% rule" for the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka suppressed decays in the bottomonium sector, were carried out. Meanwhile, many studies of the charmonium and bottomonium productions in $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ decays were performed, to distinguish different Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) models. Besides, exotic states and new physics were also extensively explored in $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ decays at CLEO, BaBar, and Belle. The $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ states can also be produced in $pp$ collisions and in collisions involving heavy ions. The precision measurements of their cross sections and polarizations at the large hadron collider (LHC), especially in the CMS, ATLAS, and LHCb experiments, help to understand $Υ$ production mechanisms in $pp$ collisions. The observation of the sequential $Υ$ suppression in heavy ion collisions at CMS is of great importance for verifying the quark-gluon plasma predicted by QCD. In this article, we review the experimental results on $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ at $e^+e^-$ colliders and the LHC, and summarize their prospects at Belle II and the LHC.
description: 42 pages, 40 figures; revised version, accepted by Frontiers of Physics
Isolation of cadmium-binding components from proteins of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Creators: name: Lei, Bo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Flaxseed contains the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) at concentrations often exceeding the recommended maximum dietary intake limit. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of Cd-binding components in flaxseed, and to establish a protocol for separating Cd-binding components from storage proteins. The results indicated that over 80% of Cd in flaxseed (NorMan cultivar) was extracted with proteins into Tris buffer. Fractionation of protein extracts by ion exchange chromatography yielded a major Cd-binding fraction eluting at 0.1 M NaCl with over 50% of the eluted Cd and less than 8% of the eluted proteins, while the major storage proteins were eluted into the 0.25 M NaCl fraction containing over 60% of the eluted protein and less than 25% of the eluted Cd. The Cd level in flaxseed was strongly influenced by growing location. Similar trends in percent distribution of Cd and protein for 15 flaxseed samples (5 cultivars grown in 3 locations) suggest that this fractionation protocol could form the basis for developing an industrial process to produce flaxseed proteins with low Cd content for use as food ingredients. Further separation of the 0.1 M NaCl eluted major Cd-binding fraction by size exclusion chromatography resulted in three peaks. The major components in the first two peaks were a 19 kDa protein and a 14 kDa protein, while 0.6-0.9 kDa constituents in the third peak were comprised of unusual amino acids or organic acids and a 649.7 Da component tentatively identified as Cd-(γ-Glu-Cys)₂ Gly. The second and third peaks bound over 40% of the Cd contained in the flaxseeds. This study also demonstrated in vitro protective effects of flaxseed components against toxicity by Cd and H₂O₂. The protein extract and the major Cd-binding fraction at a concentration of 110 μg/mL reduced Cd (300 μM) toxicity in THP-1 cell culture by 14% and 44%, respectively, and reduced H₂O₂ (0.06%) toxicity by 48% and 89%, respectively. The protein extract was also found to promote THP-1 cell growth in a dose dependent manner. Further investigations should be conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential applications of flaxseed constituents.
Subhalo sinking and off-center massive black holes in dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Boldrini, Pierre
name: Mohayaee, Roya
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using fully GPU $N$-body simulations, we demonstrate for the first time that subhalos sink and transfer energy via dynamical friction into the centres of dwarf galaxies. This dynamical heating kicks any central massive black hole (MBH) out to tens of parsecs, especially at early epochs ($z$=1.5-3). This mechanism helps explain the observed off-center BHs in dwarf galaxies and also predicts that off-center BHs are more common in higher mass dwarf galaxies since dynamical friction becomes significantly weaker and BHs take more time to sink back towards the centres of their host galaxies. One consequence of off-center BHs during early epochs of dwarf galaxies is to quench any BH feedback.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Version to appear in MNRAS Letters
Investigating the Fatigue Fracture Morphology of 0.28%C Pipeline Steel with Strain Induced Cavities.
Creators: name: Ighovojah, F.O
name: Unueroh, U.G
name: Okpako, O
Publisher: name: NIPES
Year: 2024

description: The study of fatigue is very important because it can lead to failure of line pipes, structural components and other engineering systems at load levels far below the original design. This intends to assess the effect of strain induced cavities on the fatigue fracture morphology of 0.28%C low alloy steel. The samples were machined into notched tensile samples. Some of the notched tensile samples were fractured to obtain three different prestrain levels. Strain level 0.77, 3.3 and 5.5 respectively. The notches were thereafter machined out and then converted to fatigue samples. The fatigue analysis was carried out and the fractured surfaces were examined to observe the effect of the strain levels on the fatigue fracture surface. The fatigue fracture surface was found to have multiple crack propagation origins. These origins increase with increased prestrain values. The fatigue striations at the fatigue fracture surfaces were found to become clearer with increased prestrain. The secondary cracks also increased with increased strain level too. It was observed that as a result of the high level of strain, the crack quickly propagated through the samples and there was no visible smooth zone that usually denotes the first stage and most times the beginning of the second stage of fatigue crack propagation. This study therefore shows that the cavities resulted in a quick spread of crack quickly through the material skipping the first stage to the beginning stage of the second stage of fatigue crack propagation. Therefore, adequate care should be taken to avoid too much deformation of the pipeline before they are put into use.
Additional file 2 of Media views of the Stromboli 2002–2003 eruption and evacuation: a content analysis to understand framing of risk communication during a volcanic crisis
Creators: name: Calabrò, Laura
name: Harris, Andrew J. L.
name: Thouret, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Inconsistencies that support credibility issues
Noncommutative Sine-Gordon Model
Creators: name: Lechtenfeld, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As I briefly review, the sine-Gordon model may be obtained by dimensional and algebraic reduction from 2+2 dimensional self-dual U(2) Yang-Mills through a 2+1 dimensional integrable U(2) sigma model. I argue that the noncommutative (Moyal) deformation of this procedure should relax the algebraic reduction from U(2)->U(1) to U(2)->U(1)xU(1). The result are novel noncommutative sine-Gordon equations for a pair of scalar fields. The dressing method is outlined for constructing its multi-soliton solutions. Finally, I look at tree-level amplitudes to demonstrate that this model possesses a factorizable and causal S-matrix in spite of its time-space noncommutativity.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; talk at the XIIIth International Colloquium Integrable Systems and Quantum Groups in Prague 17-19 June 2004, and at the 37th International Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of Elementary Particles in Berlin-Schm"ockwitz 23-27 August 2004
Additional file 1 of Knowledge and attitude of reproductive age group (15–49) women towards Ethiopian current abortion law and associated factors in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Bantie, Getasew Mulat
name: Amare Alamirew Aynie
name: Assefa, Mihret Kassa
name: Ayele Semachew Kasa
name: Tigabu Birhan Kassa
name: Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire.
Weak Coulomb blockade effect in quantum dots
Creators: name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: Lamacraft, Austen
name: Flensberg, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the general non-equilibrium theory of transport through a quantum dot, including Coulomb Blockade effects via a 1/N expansion, where N is the number of scattering channels. At lowest order we recover the Landauer formula for the current plus a self-consistent equation for the dot potential. We obtain the leading corrections and compare with earlier approaches. Finally, we show that to leading and next leading order in 1/N there is no interaction correction to the weak localization, in contrast to previous theories, but consistent with experiments by Huibers et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1917 (1998)], where N=4.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Published version
Black holes with scalar hair in light of the Event Horizon Telescope
Creators: name: Khodadi, Mohsen
name: Allahyari, Alireza
name: Vagnozzi, Sunny
name: Mota, David F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for violations of the no-hair theorem (NHT) is a powerful way to test gravity, and more generally fundamental physics, particularly with regards to the existence of additional scalar fields. The first observation of a black hole (BH) shadow by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has opened a new direct window onto tests of gravity in the strong-field regime, including probes of violations of the NHT. We consider two scenarios described by the Einstein-Maxwell equations of General Relativity and electromagnetism, to which we add a scalar field. In the first case we consider a minimally-coupled scalar field with a potential, whereas in the second case the field is conformally-coupled to curvature. In both scenarios we construct charged BH solutions, which are found to carry primary scalar hair. We then compute the shadows cast by these two BHs as a function of their electric charge and scalar hair parameter. Comparing these shadows to the shadow of M87* recently imaged by the EHT collaboration, we set constraints on the amount of scalar hair carried by these two BHs. The conformally-coupled case admits a regime for the hair parameter, compatible with EHT constraints, describing a so-called mutated Reissner-Nordström BH: this solution was recently found to effectively mimic a wormhole. Our work provides novel constraints on fundamental physics, and in particular on violations of the no-hair theorem and the existence of additional scalar fields, from the shadow of M87*.
description: 33 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, references added, version accepted for publication in JCAP
title: Rates Of Escape Under Iteration Of Analytic Functions
Creators: name: Evdoridou, Vasiliki
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: In this thesis we focus on sets with a uniform rate of escape under the iteration of transcendental entire functions. We study their properties and their structure as well as using them as a tool to prove some interesting topological results. First, motivated by the work of Rippon and Stallard, we generalise the quite fast escaping set by introducing a family of sets that escape to infinity at a uniform rate associated with the maximum modulus of the function. We examine under which conditions these sets are equal to the fast escaping set, which plays an important role in the iteration of transcendental entire functions. We prove that, in some cases, points which satisfy a relatively weak condition are actually fast escaping. We also show that this is not always the case by constructing an example of a function whose fast escaping set is not equal to these newly introduced sets. Secondly, we look at the so-called spider's web structure and we give some general results which ensure that the escaping set, or a superset thereof, contains a spider's web. In particular, we prove that for a well-known function that was first studied by Fatou the escaping set has the structure of a spider's web. Using similar techniques, we also generalise this result to a class of functions all of which have one Baker domain. Finally, motivated by the connection between spiders' webs and the non-escaping endpoints of Cantor bouquet Julia sets that first appeared when we studied Fatou's function, we present some topological results on the non-escaping endpoints of functions in the exponential family. More specifically, we show that the set of non-escaping endpoints together with infinity forms a totally separated set for every function in the exponential family whose singular value belongs to the Fatou set. This result is complementary to one of Alhabib and Rempe-Gillen who showed that, for the same class of functions, infinity is an explosion point for the set of escaping endpoints.
Additional file 1 of The association between serum chloride levels and chronic kidney disease progression: a cohort study
Creators: name: Khatri, Minesh
name: Zitovsky, Joshua
name: Lee, Dale
name: Nayyar, Kamal
name: Fazzari, Melissa
name: Grant, Candace
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline Characteristics. Results are presented as mean (standard deviation).
On the Interpretation of Energy as the Rate of Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Frank, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last few decades, developments in the physical limits of computing and quantum computing have increasingly taught us that it can be helpful to think about physics itself in computational terms. For example, work over the last decade has shown that the energy of a quantum system limits the rate at which it can perform significant computational operations, and suggests that we might validly interpret energy as in fact being the speed at which a physical system is "computing," in some appropriate sense of the word. In this paper, we explore the precise nature of this connection. Elementary results in quantum theory show that the Hamiltonian energy of any quantum system corresponds exactly to the angular velocity of state-vector rotation (defined in a certain natural way) in Hilbert space, and also to the rate at which the state-vector's components (in any basis) sweep out area in the complex plane. The total angle traversed (or area swept out) corresponds to the action of the Hamiltonian operator along the trajectory, and we can also consider it to be a measure of the "amount of computational effort exerted" by the system, or effort for short. For any specific quantum or classical computational operation, we can (at least in principle) calculate its difficulty, defined as the minimum effort required to perform that operation on a worst-case input state, and this in turn determines the minimum time required for quantum systems to carry out that operation on worst-case input states of a given energy. As examples, we calculate the difficulty of some basic 1-bit and n-bit quantum and classical operations in an simple unconstrained scenario.
description: Revised to address reviewer comments. Corrects an error relating to time-ordering, adds some additional references and discussion, shortened in a few places. Figures now incorporated into text
A community-based participatory approach to planning child and youth health services in north west British Columbia : finding common ground
Creators: name: Lindstrom, Ronald Raymond
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A growing recognition of the need for participatory health services research requires multiple stakeholder collaboration between researchers, clinical service providers, managerial and policy decision-makers, and the public. Recent Canadian provincial and federal reports support the need for participatory inquiry, yet little is being done in practice. This thesis explores a community-based participatory research process for planning child and youth health services and proposes methods to close the gap between research and practice. The study took place in the North West Health Service Delivery Area of British Columbia. This large geographic region represents over one-quarter of the provincial land mass, yet is home to <90,000 people. Approximately 30% are children and youth 19 years of age and under. Approximately 22% of the residents are Aboriginal. A participatory research approach was used with a mixed methods design. The priority component was qualitative. Qualitative data were collected and integrated through a unique sequence of methods, including semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a search conference. Qualitative data were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory method. The nested component was quantitative. Quantitative data were accessed from a provincial health services utilization database. Geographic information systems (GIS) software was used as a tool to map selected data, which was incorporated into the search conference. Three general conceptual categories emerged from the data: perceptivity about, emotivity generated by, and inclusivity in, the health system. Two core conceptual categories emerged: boundaries and boundary objects. Three knowledge boundaries were introduced: syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic, building upon and supporting empirical research on innovation and technology development. This study proposes a fourth knowledge boundary: phronetic. The characteristics of boundary objects occupying this phronetic boundary are fluid, real-time, participatory, and collaborative in locally-situated, multi-stakeholder, boundary-crossing settings. These boundary objects facilitate the melding of knowledge and action in ways that are relevant to stakeholders in their local realities. A conceptual framework is proposed to guide and unify participatory research and planning processes. This research is expected to lead to more effective multi-stakeholder, community-based approaches to the planning and development of network models for child and youth health services.
Beyond Pointwise Submodularity: Non-Monotone Adaptive Submodular Maximization in Linear Time
Creators: name: Tang, Shaojie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study the non-monotone adaptive submodular maximization problem subject to a cardinality constraint. We first revisit the adaptive random greedy algorithm proposed in \citep{gotovos2015non}, where they show that this algorithm achieves a $1/e$ approximation ratio if the objective function is adaptive submodular and pointwise submodular. It is not clear whether the same guarantee holds under adaptive submodularity (without resorting to pointwise submodularity) or not. Our first contribution is to show that the adaptive random greedy algorithm achieves a $1/e$ approximation ratio under adaptive submodularity. One limitation of the adaptive random greedy algorithm is that it requires $O(n\times k)$ value oracle queries, where $n$ is the size of the ground set and $k$ is the cardinality constraint. Our second contribution is to develop the first linear-time algorithm for the non-monotone adaptive submodular maximization problem. Our algorithm achieves a $1/e-ε$ approximation ratio (this bound is improved to $1-1/e-ε$ for monotone case), using only $O(nε^{-2}\log ε^{-1})$ value oracle queries. Notably, $O(nε^{-2}\log ε^{-1})$ is independent of the cardinality constraint. For the monotone case, we propose a faster algorithm that achieves a $1-1/e-ε$ approximation ratio in expectation with $O(n \log \frac{1}ε)$ value oracle queries. We also generalize our study by considering a partition matroid constraint, and develop a linear-time algorithm for monotone and fully adaptive submodular functions.
description: 22 pages, accepted to TCS. This version subsumes our preliminary results presented arXiv:2007.04214
Poverty and Price Transmission
Creators: name: Elleby, Christian
name: Elleby, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Price transmission
subject: Food crisis
subject: Income distribution
subject: Quality substitution
subject: Non-homothetic preferences

description: This paper analyzes the relationship between international and domestic food prices in a stylized economic model. The model is based on the empirically sound principle of quality substitution and a dichotomy between traded and domestic goods. Households are equipped with preferences which make them substitute towards the traded variety as their income rise. Price transmission therefore increases with per capita income but also with income inequality. Model predictions are tested on aggregate food price data covering the 2007-8 and 2010-11 periods. Estimated effects are qualitatively in line with the model's predictions as well as being statistically and economically significant.
Numerical estimation of densities
Creators: name: Ascasibar, Y.
name: Binney, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We present a novel technique, dubbed FiEstAS, to estimate the underlying density field from a discrete set of sample points in an arbitrary multidimensional space. FiEstAS assigns a volume to each point by means of a binary tree. Density is then computed by integrating over an adaptive kernel. As a first test, we construct several Monte Carlo realizations of a Hernquist profile and recover the particle density in both real and phase space. At a given point, Poisson noise causes the unsmoothed estimates to fluctuate by a factor ~2 regardless of the number of particles. This spread can be reduced to about 1 dex (~26 per cent) by our smoothing procedure. [...] We conclude that our algorithm accurately measure the phase-space density up to the limit where discreteness effects render the simulation itself unreliable. Computationally, FiEstAS is orders of magnitude faster than the method based on Delaunay tessellation that Arad et al. employed, making it practicable to recover smoothed density estimates for sets of 10^9 points in 6 dimensions.
description: 12 pages, 18 figures, submitted to MNRAS. The code is available upon request
A global VAR model for the analysis of wheat export prices
Creators: name: Gutierrez, Luciano
name: Piras, Francesco
name: Gutierrez, Luciano
name: Piras, Francesco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Global Dynamic Models
subject: Price analysis
subject: Wheat market

description: Food commodity price fluctuations have an important impact on poverty and food insecurity across the world. Conventional models have not provided a complete picture of recent price spikes in agricultural commodity markets, while there is an urgent need for appropriate policy responses. Perhaps new approaches are needed in order to better understand international spill-overs, the feedback between the real and the financial sectors and also the link between food and energy prices. In this article we present the results from a new worldwide dynamic model that provides the short and long-run impulse responses of the international wheat price to various real and financial shocks.
Scaling behavior of crystalline membranes: an $ε$-expansion approach
Creators: name: Mauri, Achille
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scaling behavior of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline membranes in the flat phase by a renormalization group (RG) method and an $ε$-expansion. Generalization of the problem to non-integer dimensions, necessary to control the $ε$-expansion, is achieved by dimensional continuation of a well-known effective theory describing out-of-plane fluctuations coupled to phonon-mediated interactions via a scalar composite field, equivalent for small deformations to the local Gaussian curvature. The effective theory, which will be referred to as Gaussian curvature interaction (GCI) model, is equivalent to theories of elastic $D$-dimensional manifolds fluctuating in a $(D + d_{c})$-dimensional embedding space in the physical case $D = 2$ for arbitrary $d_{c}$. For $D\neq 2$, instead, the GCI model is not equivalent to a direct dimensional continuation of elastic membrane theory and it defines an alternative generalization to generic internal dimension $D$. We calculate explicitly RG functions at two-loop order and determine the exponent $η$ characterizing the long-wavelength scaling of correlation functions to order $ε^{2}$ in an $ε=(4-D)$-expansion. The self-consistent screening approximation (SCSA) for the GCI model is shown to be exact to O($ε^{2}$). For $d_{c} = 1$, the O($ε^{2}$) correction is suppressed by a small numerical prefactor. As a result, despite the large value of $ε= 2$, extrapolation of the first and second order results to $D = 2$ leads to very close numbers, $η= 0.8$ and $η\simeq 0.795$. The calculated exponent values are close to earlier reference results obtained by non-perturbative RG, the SCSA and numerical simulations. These indications suggest that a perturbative analysis of the GCI model could provide an useful framework for accurate quantitative predictions of the scaling exponent even at $D = 2$.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
title: ÐÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½, Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ°, Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐµÑÐ° ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÐºÐ¸
title: ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÑÐ¸ÑÐ»Ð¸Ð½, ÐÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð½
name: Ð¡Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¸Ð½Ð°, Ð¢Ð°ÑÑÑÐ½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2019
Subjects: ÐÑÐ°Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ð¾
ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°

description: Ð ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ:
Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ð»Ð° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð² â Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸, Ð¿Ð¾ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÐºÐ° Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¹;
Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ðº Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐµ ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ð¾;
Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐµÑÐ° ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÐºÐ¸.
IMPACTS OF SUPERMARKETS ON FARM HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION IN KENYA
Creators: name: Chege, Christine G.K.
name: Andersson, Camilla I.M.
name: Qaim, Matin
name: Chege, Christine G.K.
name: Andersson, Camilla I.M.
name: Qaim, Matin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: supermarkets
subject: smallholder farmers
subject: nutrition impact
subject: dietary quality
subject: gender
subject: Kenya

description: Many developing countries are experiencing a food system transformation, with a rapid growth of supermarkets. Research has shown that smallholder farmers can benefit from supplying supermarkets in terms of higher productivity and income. Here, we analyze impacts on farm household nutrition and show that participation in supermarket channels has sizeable positive effects: calorie, vitamin A, iron, and zinc consumption are all increased by 15% or more. We also analyze impact pathways, using simultaneous equation models. Supermarket-supplying households have higher incomes, a higher share of land under vegetables, and a higher likelihood of male control of revenues. Furthermore, income and the share of land under vegetables have positive impacts, while male control of revenues has negative impacts on dietary quality. The total nutrition effects of supermarket participation could be even more positive if women were able to keep their control over farm revenues in the process of commercialization. The methods developed and used may also be useful for other impact studies to better understand agriculture-nutrition linkages.
Generating PBHs and small-scale GWs in two-field models of inflation
Creators: name: Braglia, Matteo
name: Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar
name: Finelli, Fabio
name: Smoot, George F.
name: Sriramkumar, L.
name: Starobinsky, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) generated by gravitational collapse of large primordial overdensities can be a fraction of the observed dark matter. In this paper, we introduce a mechanism to produce a large peak in the primordial power spectrum (PPS) in two-field inflationary models characterized by two stages of inflation based on a large non-canonical kinetic coupling. This mechanism is generic to several two-field inflationary models, due to a temporary tachyonic instability of the isocurvature perturbations at the transition between the two stages of inflation. We numerically compute the primordial perturbations from largest scales to the small scales corresponding to that of PBHs using an extension of BINGO (BI-spectra and Non-Gaussianity Operator). Moreover we numerically compute the stochastic background of gravitational waves (SBGW) produced by second order scalar perturbations within frequencies ranging from nano-Hz to KHz that covers the observational scales corresponding to Pulsar Timing Arrays, Square Kilometer Array to that of Einstein telescope. We discuss the prospect of its detection by these proposed and upcoming gravitational waves experiments.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures; v2 matches the version published on JCAP
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Element Abundances in Low-redshift Damped Lyman-alpha Galaxies and Implications for the Global Metallicity-Redshift Relation
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Varsha P.
name: Fall, S. Michael
name: Lauroesch, James T.
name: York, Donald G.
name: Welty, Daniel E.
name: Khare, Pushpa
name: Truran, James W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most models of cosmic chemical evolution predict that the mass-weighted mean interstellar metallicity of galaxies should rise with time from a low value $\sim 1/30$ solar at $z \sim 3$ to a nearly solar value at $z = 0$. In the absence of any selection effects, the damped Lyman-alpha absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra are expected to show such a rise in global metallicity. However, it has been difficult to determine whether or not DLAs show this effect, primarily because of the very small number of DLA metallicity measurements at low redshifts. In an attempt to put tighter constraints on the low-redshift end of the DLA metallicity-redshift relation, we have observed Zn II and Cr II lines in four DLAs at $0.09 < z < 0.52$, using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). These observations have provided the first constraints on Zn abundances in DLAs with $z < 0.4$. In all the three DLAs for which our observations offer meaningful constraints on the metallicity, the data suggest that the metallicities are much lower than the solar value. These results are consistent with recent imaging studies indicating that these DLAs may be associated with dwarf or low surface brightness galaxies. We combine our results with higher redshift data from the literature to estimate the global mean metallicity-redshift relation for DLAs. We find that the global mean metallicity shows at most a slow increase with decreasing redshift. ...(Please see the paper for the complete abstract).
description: 56 pages, including 13 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Agricultural supply response to international food prices and price volatility: a cross-country panel analysis
Creators: name: Haile, Mekbib
name: Kalkuhl, Matthias
name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Haile, Mekbib
name: Kalkuhl, Matthias
name: Von Braun, Joachim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: food prices
subject: price volatility
subject: supply response
subject: price expectation

description: This article estimates global supply response for key agricultural commodities. The findings reveal that, while higher output prices are incentives to improve global crop supply, output price volatility plays otherwise. Depending on respective crop, the results indicate that own price supply elasticities range from about 0.05 to 0.35. The findings suggest that output price-risk has negative correlations with crop supply, implying that farmers shift land, other inputs and yield improving investments away to crops with less volatile prices. The recent output price volatility seems to significantly reduce production of wheat and – to a lesser extent – rice.
Kerr-Vaidya black holes
Creators: name: Dahal, Pravin Kumar
name: Terno, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kerr-Vaidya metrics are the simplest nonstationary extensions of the Kerr metric. We explore their properties and compare them with the near-horizon limits of the spherically symmetric self-consistent solutions (the ingoing Vaidya metric with decreasing mass and the outgoing Vaidya metric with increasing mass) for the evaporating and accreting physical black holes. The Newman-Janis transformation relates the corresponding Vaidya and Kerr-Vaidya metrics. For nonzero angular momentum, the energy-momentum tensor violates the null energy condition (NEC). However, we show that its structure differs from the standard form of the NEC-violating tensors. The apparent horizon in the outgoing Kerr-Vaidya metric coincides with that of the Kerr black hole. For the ingoing metric, its location is different. We derive the ordinary differential equation for this surface and locate it numerically. A spherically symmetric accreting black hole leads to a firewall -- a divergent energy density, pressure, and flux as perceived by an infalling observer. We show that this is also true for the outgoing Kerr-Vaidya metric
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. Published version
Agricultural trade distortions during recent international price spikes: what implications for food security?
Creators: name: Magrini, Emiliano
name: Montalbano, Pierluigi
name: Nenci, Silvia
name: Salvatici, Luca
name: Magrini, Emiliano
name: Montalbano, Pierluigi
name: Nenci, Silvia
name: Salvatici, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Food security
subject: International trade
subject: Trade measures
subject: Impact evaluation
subject: GPS

description: The aim of this paper is to assess the causal impact of trade policy distortions on food security. This is an hot issue since restrictions to agricultural trade have been generally applied by national governments, especially in developing countries, as a tool to insulate domestic markets from international prices turmoil. The added value of this work is twofold: i) the use of a non parametric matching technique with continuous treatment, namely the Generalised Propensity Score (GPS) to address the self selection bias; ii) the analysis of heterogeneity in treatment (by commodities) as well as in outcome (i.e., different dimensions of food security). The outcomes of our estimates show clearly that trade policy distortions are, overall, significantly correlated with the various dimensions of food security under analysis. Specifically, countries supporting the primary sector tend to be better off in all the dimensions of food security (food availability, access, utilisation and stability. However, the maximum level of food security is associated with moderate protection policies.
title: A Unified Wormhole Attack Detection Framework for Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Creators: name: Karlsson, Jonny
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: The Internet is experiencing an evolution towards a ubiquitous network paradigm, via the so-called internet-of-things (IoT), where small wireless computing devices like sensors and actuators are integrated into daily activities. Simultaneously, infrastructure-less systems such as mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are gaining popularity since they provide the possibility for devices in wireless sensor networks or vehicular ad hoc networks to share measured and monitored information without having to be connected to a base station. While MANETs offer many advantages, including self-configurability and application in rural areas which lack network infrastructure, they also present major challenges especially in regard to routing security. In a highly dynamic MANET, where nodes arbitrarily join and leave the network, it is difficult to ensure that nodes are trustworthy for multi-hop routing. Wormhole attacks belong to most severe routing threats because they are able to disrupt a major part of the network traffic, while concomitantly being extremely difficult to detect.

 This thesis presents a new unified wormhole attack detection framework which is effective for all known wormhole types, alongside incurring low false positive rates, network loads and computational time, for a variety of diverse MANET scenarios. The framework makes three original technical contributions: i) a new accurate wormhole detection algorithm based on packet traversal time and hop count analysis (TTHCA) which identifies infected routes, ii) an enhanced, dynamic traversal time per hop analysis (TTpHA) detection model which is adaptable to node radio range fluctuations, and iii) a method for automatically detecting time measurement tampering in both TTHCA and TTpHA.

 The thesis findings indicate that this new wormhole detection framework provides significant performance improvements compared to other existing solutions by accurately, efficiently and robustly detecting all wormhole variants under a wide range of network conditions.