cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance of radiologists with and without different CAD systems for mammography
Creators: name: Lauria, A.
name: Fantacci, M. E.
name: Bottigli, U.
name: Delogu, P.
name: Fauci, F.
name: Golosio, B.
name: Indovina, P. L.
name: Masala, G. L.
name: Oliva, P.
name: Palmiero, R.
name: Raso, G.
name: Stumbo, S.
name: Tangaro, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the variation of performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity of two radiologists with different experience in mammography, with and without the assistance of two different CAD systems. The CAD considered are SecondLookTM (CADx Medical Systems, Canada), and CALMA (Computer Assisted Library in MAmmography). The first is a commercial system, the other is the result of a a research project, supported by INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy); their characteristics have been already reported in literature. To compare the results with and without these tools, a dataset composed by 70 images of patients with cancer (biopsy proven) and 120 images of healthy breasts (with a three years follow up) has been collected. All the images have been digitized and analysed by two CAD, then two radiologists with respectively 6 and 2 years of experience in mammography indipendently made their diagnosis without and with, the support of the two CAD systems. In this work sensitivity and specificity variation, the Az area under the ROC curve, are reported. The results show that the use of a CAD allows for a substantial increment in sensitivity and a less pronounced decrement in specificity. The extent of these effects depends on the experience of the readers and is comparable for the two CAD considered.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; to appear in the Proceedings of The International Society for Optical Engineering, SPIE Conference, 15-20 February 2003, San Diego, California, USA
A Mobile Application for Self-Guided Study of Formal Reasoning
Creators: name: Cerna, David M.
name: Kiesel, Rafael P. D.
name: Dzhiganskaya, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.2

description: In this work, we introduce AXolotl, a self-study aid designed to guide students through the basics of formal reasoning and term manipulation. Unlike most of the existing study aids for formal reasoning, AXolotl is an Android-based application with a simple touch-based interface. Part of the design goal was to minimize the possibility of user errors which distract from the learning process. Such as typos or inconsistent application of the provided rules. The system includes a zoomable proof viewer which displays the progress made so far and allows for storage of the completed proofs as a JPEG or LaTeX file. The software is available on the google play store and comes with a small library of problems. Additional problems may be opened in AXolotl using a simple input language. Currently, AXolotl supports problems that can be solved using rules which transform a single expression into a set of expressions. This covers educational scenarios found in our first-semester introduction to logic course and helps bridge the gap between propositional and first-order reasoning. Future developments will include rewrite rules which take a set of expressions and return a set of expressions, as well as a quantified first-order extension.
description: In Proceedings ThEdu'19, arXiv:2002.11895
Press coverage of selected members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and House Foreign Affairs Committee in their states and districts
Creators: name: Stone, Kirk Shelton
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This research analyzed the foreign affairs news coverage of 18 members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and House Foreign Affairs Committee in newspapers back in their home states and districts. The study drew on previous research in two areas--Congress and the news media, and the international flow of news. Data was generated by three sources: a content analysis of news in 18 daily newspapers around the country, plus one national newspaper, the Washington Post; a content analysis of the news releases distributed by members of the two committees; and interviews conducted with press secretaries, journalists, and others. The study found the foreign affairs coverage to be a mere trickle rather than a genuine flow with much more attention going to domestic issues. Members and journalists agreed that the public is more interested in news about domestic issues that could be more easily related to such everyday concerns as jobs, pollution, and crime. The foreign affairs coverage that did appear was not well rounded. It emphasized only a few countries and issues. National security concerns dominated the coverage--wars in Nicaragua and the Persian Gulf, the loss of intelligence secrets to the Soviet Union, weapons sales to foreign countries, and covert operations. Other important issues on the world agenda went uncovered--for example, environmental deterioration and the disease, poverty, hunger, and other ills that beset the developing countries. The coverage reflected a strong East-West orientation. One key to generating press coverage back home was to find a local angle to foreign affairs in one of three ways: issues that combined domestic and international dimensions (intermestic issues), especially trade with its emphasis on jobs; issues of special interest to ethnic groups in the community; and initiatives by local organizations and individuals--for example, interest groups that try to influence a senator's vote on a foreign affairs issue. For a number of reasons, the coverage of members of Congress in newspapers back in their home states makes only a minimal contribution toward creating an informed public on foreign affairs.
Calibration as Estimation
Creators: name: Gregory, Allan W.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Gregory, Allan W.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics

description: One aspect of calibration in macroeconomics is the notion that the free parameters of models should be chosen by matching certain moments of the simulated models with those of actual data. We formally examine this notion by treating the process of calibration as an econometric estimator. A numerical version of the Mehra-Prescott (1985) economy is the setting for an evaluation of calibration estimators via Monte Carlo methods. While these estimators sometimes may have reasonable finite-sample properties they are not robust to mistakes in setting non-free parameters. In contrast, generalized method-of-moments (GMM) estimators have satisfactory finite-sample characteristics, quick convergence, and informational requirements less stringent than those of consistent calibration estimators. In dynamic equilibrium models in which GMM is infeasible we offer some suggestions for improving estimates based on calibration methodology.
Cocaine self-administration in the pigeon
Creators: name: Winsauer, Peter John
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Pigeons with chronic indwelling intravenous catheters responded under a multiple schedule of food and cocaine presentation. In one component, responding was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio (FR 50) schedule, whereas in the other component, responding was maintained under the same schedule by i.v. infusions of cocaine (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg/injection). A 30-sec timeout followed each cocaine infusion. Each session was terminated after 18 cocaine infusions or 2 hr, whichever occurred first. In general, under baseline conditions, the response rate was higher in the food component than in the drug component. Under control conditions where saline was substituted for cocaine, the response rate gradually decreased across sessions, while food-maintained responding was generally unaffected. Substituting doses lower or higher than the training dose decreased the rate of cocaine-maintained responding. Food-maintained responding only decreased at higher doses of cocaine. When blackout periods were substituted for the food component (Experiment 2), the response rate in the cocaine component decreased and then stabilized at levels well above zero. Saline substitution on this baseline produced a further decrease in the rate of FR responding. This research indicates that cocaine can serve as a reinforcing stimulus for maintaining self-administration behavior in pigeons.
Imaging the Earth's Interior: the Angular Distribution of Terrestrial Neutrinos
Creators: name: Fields, Brian D.
name: Hochmuth, Kathrin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decays of radionuclides throughout the Earth's interior produce geothermal heat, but also are a source of antineutrinos. The (angle-integrated) geoneutrino flux places an integral constraint on the terrestrial radionuclide distribution. In this paper, we calculate the angular distribution of geoneutrinos, which opens a window on the differential radionuclide distribution. We develop the general formalism for the neutrino angular distribution, and we present the inverse transformation which recovers the terrestrial radioisotope distribution given a measurement of the neutrino angular distribution. Thus, geoneutrinos not only allow a means to image the Earth's interior, but offering a direct measure of the radioactive Earth, both (1) revealing the Earth's inner structure as probed by radionuclides, and (2) allowing for a complete determination of the radioactive heat generation as a function of radius. We present the geoneutrino angular distribution for the favored Earth model which has been used to calculate geoneutrino flux. In this model the neutrino generation is dominated by decays in the Earth's mantle and crust; this leads to a very ``peripheral'' angular distribution, in which 2/3 of the neutrinos come from angles > 60 degrees away from the downward vertical. We note the possibility of that the Earth's core contains potassium; different geophysical predictions lead to strongly varying, and hence distinguishable, central intensities (< 30 degrees from the downward vertical). Other uncertainties in the models, and prospects for observation of the geoneutrino angular distribution, are briefly discussed. We conclude by urging the development and construction of antineutrino experiments with angular sensitivity. (Abstract abridged.)
description: 25 pages, RevTeX, 7 figures. Comments welcome
Tools in Term Rewriting for Education
Creators: name: Winkler, Sarah
name: Middeldorp, Aart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; K.3.2

description: Term rewriting is a Turing complete model of computation. When taught to students of computer science, key properties of computation as well as techniques to analyze programs on an abstract level are conveyed. This paper gives a swift introduction to term rewriting and presents several automatic tools to analyze term rewrite systems which were developed by the Computational Logic Group at the University of Innsbruck. These include the termination tool TTT2, the confluence prover CSI, the completion tools mkbTT and KBCV, the complexity tool TcT, the strategy tool AutoStrat, as well as FORT, an implementation of the decision procedure for the first-order theory for a decidable class of rewrite systems. Besides its applications in research, this software pool has also proved invaluable for teaching, e.g., in multiple editions of the International Summer School on Rewriting.
description: In Proceedings ThEdu'19, arXiv:2002.11895
Cocaine self-administration in the pigeon
Creators: name: Winsauer, Peter John
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Pigeons with chronic indwelling intravenous catheters responded under a multiple schedule of food and cocaine presentation. In one component, responding was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio (FR 50) schedule, whereas in the other component, responding was maintained under the same schedule by i.v. infusions of cocaine (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg/injection). A 30-sec timeout followed each cocaine infusion. Each session was terminated after 18 cocaine infusions or 2 hr, whichever occurred first. In general, under baseline conditions, the response rate was higher in the food component than in the drug component. Under control conditions where saline was substituted for cocaine, the response rate gradually decreased across sessions, while food-maintained responding was generally unaffected. Substituting doses lower or higher than the training dose decreased the rate of cocaine-maintained responding. Food-maintained responding only decreased at higher doses of cocaine. When blackout periods were substituted for the food component (Experiment 2), the response rate in the cocaine component decreased and then stabilized at levels well above zero. Saline substitution on this baseline produced a further decrease in the rate of FR responding. This research indicates that cocaine can serve as a reinforcing stimulus for maintaining self-administration behavior in pigeons.
Additional file 6 of Community recovery dynamics in yellow perch microbiome after gradual and constant metallic perturbations
Creators: name: Cheaib, Bachar
name: Seghouani, Hamza
name: Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
name: Derome, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 6: Figure S6. Heat trees and stacked bar plots of water and host microbiome structure. This figure summarizes pairwise comparison of the community composition of water and each of the host communities for different treatments (Ctrl, CC and CV). Additionally, stacked bar plots of relative abundance at phylum level are provided for each community (water, skin, gut). The non-grey coloring (which category the branches are upregulated in) indicates significant differences in terms of log median ratios for samples from different habitats (Gut, Skin and Water) as determined by a Wilcox rank-sum test followed by a Benjamini-Hochberg (FDR) correction for multiple testing. The heat trees were built using metacoder and stacked barplots were produced using the Rhea package.
Vochysia obidensis Ducke 1922
Creators: name: Leal, Eduardo Da Silva
name: Costa, Denise Pinheiro Da
name: Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Vochysiaceae
Vochysia
Vochysia obidensis

description: Vochysia obidensis Ducke (1922: 193) (Vochysiaceae).
 Lectotype (designated here ): —BRAZIL. Pará: Óbidos, 10 August 1916 , A. Ducke 16316 (MG, duplicates : RB, S). Syntype: A. Ducke 7220 (MG, RB).
description: Published as part of Leal, Eduardo Da Silva, Costa, Denise Pinheiro Da & Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini, 2010, Lectotypification of the taxa of Adolpho Ducke from the Brazilian Amazon, pp. 49-55 in Phytotaxa 13 on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4778674
Gravitational-wave research as an emerging field in the Max Planck Society. The long roots of GEO600 and of the Albert Einstein Institute
Creators: name: Bonolis, Luisa
name: Leon, Juan-Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the occasion of the 50th anniversary since the beginning of the search for gravitational waves at the Max Planck Society, and in coincidence with the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Albert Einstein Institute, we explore the interplay between the renaissance of general relativity and the advent of relativistic astrophysics following the German early involvement in gravitational-wave research, to the point when gravitational-wave detection became established by the appearance of full-scale detectors and international collaborations. On the background of the spectacular astrophysical discoveries of the 1960s and the growing role of relativistic astrophysics, Ludwig Biermann and his collaborators at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Munich became deeply involved in research related to such new horizons. At the end of the 1960s, Joseph Weber's announcements claiming detection of gravitational waves sparked the decisive entry of this group into the field, in parallel with the appointment of the renowned relativist Juergen Ehlers. The Munich area group of Max Planck institutes provided the fertile ground for acquiring a leading position in the 1970s, facilitating the experimental transition from resonant bars towards laser interferometry and its innovation at increasingly large scales, eventually moving to a dedicated site in Hannover in the early 1990s. The Hannover group emphasized perfecting experimental systems at pilot scales, and never developed a full-sized detector, rather joining the LIGO Scientific Collaboration at the end of the century. In parallel, the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) had been founded in Potsdam, and both sites, in Hannover and Potsdam, became a unified entity in the early 2000s and were central contributors to the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015.
description: 94 pages. Enlarged version including new results from further archival research. A previous version appears as a chapter in the volume The Renaissance of General Relativity in Context, edited by A. Blum, R. Lalli and J. Renn (Boston: Birkhauser, 2020)
A comparison of the effects of action goal-oriented sociodrama and cognitive goal-oriented sociodrama on adolescents' locus-of-control, self-concept, and social skills
Creators: name: Jones, Vincent Sylvanus
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Action and cognitive goal-oriented sociodrama were examined to determine their relative effects on locus of control, self-concept, problem-solving and sharing. Forty-two boys and girls, 15 and 16 years old, were randomly selected from a city-wide population of 300 African American students, and assigned to one of 3 groups: (a) action sociodrama, (b) cognitive sociodrama, and (c) no treatment control. Following participation in eight hours of cognitive sociodrama, the cognitive group provided significantly more problem-solving strategies on the Means-End Problem-Solving Procedure (MEPS) than the no treatment control group. Following participation in eight hours of action sociodrama, the action group showed no significant differences from the cognitive and control groups on any of the measures. The cognitive, action and control groups did not significantly differ from each other on the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External control Scale, the Piers-Harris Childrens' Self-Concept Scale or the experimenter-designed sharing measure. A pretest-postest examination of the locus of control scores revealed that all of the groups increased in an external, rather than internal direction. This finding greatly differs from action sociodrama investigators' reports that their method significantly increases internal locus of control and positive self-concept in African American children. The greater methodological rigor of the present study may account for these differences with earlier, less controlled research.
A comparison of the effects of action goal-oriented sociodrama and cognitive goal-oriented sociodrama on adolescents' locus-of-control, self-concept, and social skills
Creators: name: Jones, Vincent Sylvanus
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: Action and cognitive goal-oriented sociodrama were examined to determine their relative effects on locus of control, self-concept, problem-solving and sharing. Forty-two boys and girls, 15 and 16 years old, were randomly selected from a city-wide population of 300 African American students, and assigned to one of 3 groups: (a) action sociodrama, (b) cognitive sociodrama, and (c) no treatment control. Following participation in eight hours of cognitive sociodrama, the cognitive group provided significantly more problem-solving strategies on the Means-End Problem-Solving Procedure (MEPS) than the no treatment control group. Following participation in eight hours of action sociodrama, the action group showed no significant differences from the cognitive and control groups on any of the measures. The cognitive, action and control groups did not significantly differ from each other on the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External control Scale, the Piers-Harris Childrens' Self-Concept Scale or the experimenter-designed sharing measure. A pretest-postest examination of the locus of control scores revealed that all of the groups increased in an external, rather than internal direction. This finding greatly differs from action sociodrama investigators' reports that their method significantly increases internal locus of control and positive self-concept in African American children. The greater methodological rigor of the present study may account for these differences with earlier, less controlled research.
Income maximizing on ratio-interval schedules of reinforcement
Creators: name: Shurtleff, David
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In Experiment 1, three pigeons earned their daily food ration by choosing in 30-minute sessions between concurrent variable-ratio 30 variable-interval 40-second schedules. Access to the grain hopper was 2 or 12 seconds, depending upon the condition. Relative variable-ratio response rate was inversely related to hopper duration. In Experiment 2, four pigeons received their daily feeding by responding on the same schedule pair as in Experiment 1 for 4 seconds of access to grain in sessions that varied from 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the condition. The length of a vertical slit projected on a response key increased as time passed. This stimulus was used to ensure that "passage of time" was discriminable. As session duration decreased, relative variable-ratio response rate increased. In Experiment 3, four pigeons chose between two variable-interval 40-second schedules in which one schedule operated without regard to the schedule selected while the other operated only when the subject responded in its presence (dependent). Although these schedules have the same feedback function, preference for the dependent variable interval increased as session duration decreased from 30 to 10 minutes. The results of these experiments demonstrate that pigeons choose so as to maximize their food intake, a finding called income maximizing (Sakagami, Hursh, Christensen & Silberberg, in press).
Price Discrimination and Equilibrium in Monopolistic Competition
Creators: name: MacLeod, W. B.
name: Norman, G.
name: Thisse, J.-F.
name: MacLeod, W. B.
name: Norman, G.
name: Thisse, J.-F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics

description: Modern theories of monopolistic competition have borrowed extensively from techniques developed in location theory and the theory of spatial pricing: the monopolistically competitive firm is assumed to choose a "location" and price for its product. A subject that has been of increasing concern in this corpus of theory is that there exists no free-entry price-location equilibrium. In this paper we demonstrate that free-entry price-location equilibrium exists provided only that producers are allowed to price discriminate among customers in a reasonable manner. Equilibrium is modelled as a two-stage game using the Selten concept of subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. It is shown that the equilibrium discriminatory price system is one initially identified by Hoover. In addition, we show that equilibrium is not unique. The precise nature of equilibrium in a particular market will be dependent upon the history of that market.
An alternative formulation of light-cone string field theory on the plane wave
Creators: name: Pankiewicz, Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a manifestly SO(4) x SO(4) invariant, supersymmetric extension of the closed string cubic interaction vertex and dynamical supercharges in light-cone string field theory on the plane wave space-time. We find that the effective vertex for states built out of bosonic creation oscillators coincides with the one previously constructed in the SO(8) formalism and conjecture that in general the two formulations are physically equivalent. Further evidence for this claim is obtained from the discrete Z_2-symmetry of the plane wave and by computing the mass-shift of the simplest stringy state using perturbation theory. We verify that the leading non-planar correction to the anomalous dimension of the dual gauge theory operators is correctly recovered.
description: 28 pages; v2: minor changes
title: The Relationship of Ethnicity Ethnic Identity and Problem Type to Preferences for Counselor Race in College Students: A Survey of African-American and European-American Students
Creators: name: Bausch, Sara H.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2002

description: African-American and European-American participants were surveyed to determine the relationship of ethnicity, ethnic identity, and type of presenting problem on preferences for counselor ethnicity. Participants indicated their preferences for counselor characteristics, including ethnicity, for personal and academic problems. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and regression techniques. The results indicated that African American participants prefer ethnically similar counselors and all participants with high ethnic identity prefer ethnically similar counselors. The results suggested that participants prefer different characteristics for different problems. Participants indicated more willingness to seek help for academic problems. Ethnicity was a significant predictor of preference for an ethnically similar counselor for personal problems. Conclusions were that the effects of problem type and European American ethnic identity on preferences for counselor characteristics need to be studied further.
Spatial Competition and the Core
Creators: name: Hamilton, Jonathan H.
name: MacLeod, W. Bently
name: Thisse, Jacques-Francois
name: Hamilton, Jonathan H.
name: MacLeod, W. Bently
name: Thisse, Jacques-Francois
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Models of spatial competition have proven to be very useful in describing differentiated products markets. A serious problem is that nonexistence of Nash equilibria seems endemic. This problem is resolved by modelling the price formation process using the core. The equilibrium is the outcome of a two-stage process. In the first stage, two firms Choose locations simultaneously, looking ahead to the second stage. The second stage has prices determined by an allocation in the core of a cooperative subgame allowing for coalitions of buyers and sellers. The price selection is the joint profit maximum for the duopolists. This selection exists for all location pairs and coincides with the pure strategy Nash equilibrium of duopoly competition when the latter exists. Furthermore, these prices approach the competitive level as the distance between the firms goes to zero, thus capturing the essence of duopoly rivalry. For this price selection, in the location game, the two firms establish themselves at the efficient locations--the first and third quartiles.
Teaching a Formalized Logical Calculus
Creators: name: From, Asta Halkjær
name: Jensen, Alexander Birch
name: Schlichtkrull, Anders
name: Villadsen, Jørgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Classical first-order logic is in many ways central to work in mathematics, linguistics, computer science and artificial intelligence, so it is worthwhile to define it in full detail. We present soundness and completeness proofs of a sequent calculus for first-order logic, formalized in the interactive proof assistant Isabelle/HOL. Our formalization is based on work by Stefan Berghofer, which we have since updated to use Isabelle's declarative proof style Isar (Archive of Formal Proofs, Entry FOL-Fitting, August 2007 / July 2018). We represent variables with de Bruijn indices; this makes substitution under quantifiers less intuitive for a human reader. However, the nature of natural numbers yields an elegant solution when compared to implementations of substitution using variables represented by strings. The sequent calculus considered has the special property of an always empty antecedent and a list of formulas in the succedent. We obtain the proofs of soundness and completeness for the sequent calculus as a derived result of the inverse duality of its tableau counterpart. We strive to not only present the results of the proofs of soundness and completeness, but also to provide a deep dive into a programming-like approach to the formalization of first-order logic syntax, semantics and the sequent calculus. We use the formalization in a bachelor course on logic for computer science and discuss our experiences.
description: In Proceedings ThEdu'19, arXiv:2002.11895
Vochysia guianensis Aublet 1775
Creators: name: Leal, Eduardo Da Silva
name: Costa, Denise Pinheiro Da
name: Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Vochysiaceae
Vochysia
Vochysia guianensis

description: Vochysia paraensis Huber ex Ducke (1915: 44)
[= Vochysia guianensis Aublet (1775: 18) (Vochysiaceae)].
Lectotype (designated here):—BRAZIL. Pará: Belém, December 1896, J. Huber HAMP 538 (RB, duplicate: US). Syntypes: M. Guedes 1998 (MG?), J. Huber 4978 (MG?), A. Goeldi 6979 (MG?) and A. Ducke 15548 (MG).
description: Published as part of Leal, Eduardo Da Silva, Costa, Denise Pinheiro Da & Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini, 2010, Lectotypification of the taxa of Adolpho Ducke from the Brazilian Amazon, pp. 49-55 in Phytotaxa 13 on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4778674
Income maximizing on ratio-interval schedules of reinforcement
Creators: name: Shurtleff, David
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In Experiment 1, three pigeons earned their daily food ration by choosing in 30-minute sessions between concurrent variable-ratio 30 variable-interval 40-second schedules. Access to the grain hopper was 2 or 12 seconds, depending upon the condition. Relative variable-ratio response rate was inversely related to hopper duration. In Experiment 2, four pigeons received their daily feeding by responding on the same schedule pair as in Experiment 1 for 4 seconds of access to grain in sessions that varied from 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the condition. The length of a vertical slit projected on a response key increased as time passed. This stimulus was used to ensure that "passage of time" was discriminable. As session duration decreased, relative variable-ratio response rate increased. In Experiment 3, four pigeons chose between two variable-interval 40-second schedules in which one schedule operated without regard to the schedule selected while the other operated only when the subject responded in its presence (dependent). Although these schedules have the same feedback function, preference for the dependent variable interval increased as session duration decreased from 30 to 10 minutes. The results of these experiments demonstrate that pigeons choose so as to maximize their food intake, a finding called income maximizing (Sakagami, Hursh, Christensen & Silberberg, in press).
The Theory and Practice of Point-Optimal Testing
Creators: name: Dastoor, Naorayex K.
name: Fisher, Gordon
name: Dastoor, Naorayex K.
name: Fisher, Gordon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Autocorrelation
subject: Cox Principle
subject: Hypothesis Testing
subject: Linear Regression
subject: Point-Optimal Testing
subject: Power
subject: Specification Error

description: It is argued that the general formulation of point-optimal tests, as summarized in King (1988), (i) makes use of a benchmark which is excessively stringent, (ii) fails to integrate the method with traditional methods of testing, (iii) involves using data to form a specific null hypothesis, (iv) offers no guidance as to proper procedures in the event the null is rejected, (v) eschews the use of Bayesian methods while demanding the use of prior information, and (vi) yields tests with unknown power in the presence of specification error. For these and other reasons, point-optimal testing cannot yet be wholeheartedly recommended as part of "the econometrican's repertoire".
A study of factors related to the educational decisions and career plans of secondary school seniors in one Nigerian state to pursue or not to pursue higher education
Creators: name: Umoren, Joseph Aaron
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study was to explore reasons given for educational and occupational aspirations by Nigerian secondary school students. A review of pertinent literature based on the purpose of the study was conducted and research questions were formulated. The study design was nonexperimental using a one-group post test-only survey conducted among secondary school (SS3) seniors in the Cross River State of Nigeria in 1989. Five hundred eighty students participated in the survey. Simple random sampling methods were used to select 20 students from each of the 29 randomly sampled schools throughout the state. Data were computed from completed questionnaires, and relationships between selected variables were determined. Chi-square (X$\sp2$) tests, rank ordering analysis, and percentages were applied to answer the research questions and to present results of the study. All research questions tested through chi-square (X$\sp2$) analysis were tested at the 0.01 level of significance. It was concluded that factors that related to Nigerian students' decisions to pursue higher education were fathers' educational and occupational levels and students' academic performance. Students pursuing higher education were most influenced by future job opportunities and other economic reasons, parental pressure, and good grades; those not pursuing higher education were influenced by parents' financial inability to support their education, lack of scholarship award, and poor grades. Other factors to pursue or not pursue higher education received much lower ratings. More Nigerian students were interested in four-year university programs that one- or two-year programs where vocational or technical skills were learned. Secondary school students followed a highly comprehensive curriculum, but they reported needing guidance and counseling regarding their post-graduation occupational and career plans. While students' perceptions of manpower needs of Nigeria were consistent with actual manpower needs, their career choices were not, and students' intended academic majors were inconsistent with their occupational choices. More students aspired to jobs than intended to major in those areas or vice versa.
ЖАДИД ДРАМАТУРГИЯСИДА БАРКАМОЛ ШАХС ВА ИДЕАЛ ЖАМИЯТ ТАЛҚИНИ
Creators: name: Махлиё Шерали Қизи Ахмадалиева
name: Адиба Раҳматовна Давлатова
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: жадид
драматургия
жамият
баркамол шахс
маориф

description: Мақолада жадид драматургиясида баркамол шахс ва идеал жамият талқини масаласи қисқача кўриб чиқилади
Additional file 1 of Combining national survey with facility-based HIV testing data to obtain more accurate estimate of HIV prevalence in districts in Uganda
Creators: name: Ouma, Joseph
name: Jeffery, Caroline
name: Valadez, Joseph J.
name: Wanyenze, Rhoda K.
name: Todd, Jim
name: Levin, Jonathan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Population survey and DHIS2 prevalence estimates. Appendix 2. HPE HIV prevalence estimates and associated 95% CI. Appendix 3. Comparison of district prevalence estimates for the HP and survey-based estimates. Appendix 4. Comparison of district prevalence estimates for the HPE and DHIS2-based estimates.
Duopoly in Exhaustible Resource Exploration and Extraction
Creators: name: Hartwick, John M.
name: Sadorsky, Perry
name: Hartwick, John M.
name: Sadorsky, Perry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Strategic considerations of exploration and extraction are investigated in a two player, two period, two stage perfect equilibrium framework. Relative to two "plant" monopoly, the duopolists explore more and extract more period by period. A mixed game in which there is co-operation "upstream" in exploration and Cournot competition "downstream" in quantities extracted is investigated. We also note that increasing returns to scale in exploration can introduce an unstable interior solution with a corner solution the presumed stable equilibrium.
Effects of Structural Changes in Macroeconomic Policy on Agricultural Prices
Creators: name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Baker, Timothy G.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Baker, Timothy G.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis

description: To determine if behavior of agricultural prices changed when the macroeconomic environment changed in late 1979, a vector autoregression is constructed. The behavior of a group of agricultural prices under two policy regimes is examined. Lower grain and input prices, and higher hog prices are indicated by the response functions.
Black diholes in five dimensions
Creators: name: Teo, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a generalized Weyl formalism, we show how stationary, axisymmetric solutions of the four-dimensional vacuum Einstein equation can be turned into static, axisymmetric solutions of five-dimensional dilaton gravity coupled to a two-form gauge field. This procedure is then used to obtain new solutions of the latter theory describing pairs of extremal magnetic black holes with opposite charges, known as black diholes. These diholes are kept in static equilibrium by membrane-like conical singularities stretching along two different directions. We also present solutions describing diholes suspended in a background magnetic field, and with unbalanced charges.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures; reference added
A study of factors related to the educational decisions and career plans of secondary school seniors in one Nigerian state to pursue or not to pursue higher education
Creators: name: Umoren, Joseph Aaron
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems

description: The purpose of this study was to explore reasons given for educational and occupational aspirations by Nigerian secondary school students. A review of pertinent literature based on the purpose of the study was conducted and research questions were formulated. The study design was nonexperimental using a one-group post test-only survey conducted among secondary school (SS3) seniors in the Cross River State of Nigeria in 1989. Five hundred eighty students participated in the survey. Simple random sampling methods were used to select 20 students from each of the 29 randomly sampled schools throughout the state. Data were computed from completed questionnaires, and relationships between selected variables were determined. Chi-square (X$\sp2$) tests, rank ordering analysis, and percentages were applied to answer the research questions and to present results of the study. All research questions tested through chi-square (X$\sp2$) analysis were tested at the 0.01 level of significance. It was concluded that factors that related to Nigerian students' decisions to pursue higher education were fathers' educational and occupational levels and students' academic performance. Students pursuing higher education were most influenced by future job opportunities and other economic reasons, parental pressure, and good grades; those not pursuing higher education were influenced by parents' financial inability to support their education, lack of scholarship award, and poor grades. Other factors to pursue or not pursue higher education received much lower ratings. More Nigerian students were interested in four-year university programs that one- or two-year programs where vocational or technical skills were learned. Secondary school students followed a highly comprehensive curriculum, but they reported needing guidance and counseling regarding their post-graduation occupational and career plans. While students' perceptions of manpower needs of Nigeria were consistent with actual manpower needs, their career choices were not, and students' intended academic majors were inconsistent with their occupational choices. More students aspired to jobs than intended to major in those areas or vice versa.
FEATURES AND INSTRUCTIONAL ISSUES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AT THE LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITIES
Creators: name: Shamuratova, Dilnoza Jamolovna
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: the first language naturally (L1)
the second language (L2)
baby learning style
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
memorization strategy
metacognitive
cognitive and social behavioral norms

description: In modern development and advanced technology world, tendencies of integration and globalization take a significant role in alterations of systems of education universities of various countries, including Uzbekistan. The presented article is dedicated to juxtapose and highlight the main peculiarities and implementation issues of language acquisition at the higher education
Additional file 5 of Community recovery dynamics in yellow perch microbiome after gradual and constant metallic perturbations
Creators: name: Cheaib, Bachar
name: Seghouani, Hamza
name: Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
name: Derome, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 5: Figure S5. Heatmaps of cadmium with taxa diversity and composition in water during the recovery period. The correlations indicate a gradient from positive (blue) to negative (red) along a colour gradient, with rows representing diversity measures (richness, evenness) as well as cadmium concentrations, and columns indicating taxonomic levels. In the constant CdCl2 (CC) and variable CdCl2 (CV) regimes, correlations of cadmium with taxa abundance showed variable profiles over time. This figure was produced using the Rhea package.
Towards a Geometry Automated Provers Competition
Creators: name: Baeta, Nuno
name: Quaresma, Pedro
name: Kovács, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; I.2.3

description: The geometry automated theorem proving area distinguishes itself by a large number of specific methods and implementations, different approaches (synthetic, algebraic, semi-synthetic) and different goals and applications (from research in the area of artificial intelligence to applications in education). Apart from the usual measures of efficiency (e.g. CPU time), the possibility of visual and/or readable proofs is also an expected output against which the geometry automated theorem provers (GATP) should be measured. The implementation of a competition between GATP would allow to create a test bench for GATP developers to improve the existing ones and to propose new ones. It would also allow to establish a ranking for GATP that could be used by "clients" (e.g. developers of educational e-learning systems) to choose the best implementation for a given intended use.
description: In Proceedings ThEdu'19, arXiv:2002.11895
APPLICATION OF CROP ENTERPRISE RETURNS TO PREDICT FARMLAND PRICES IN THE CORN BELT
Creators: name: Ferris, John N.
name: Ferris, John N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Crop Production/Industries

description: Unexpected developments in the 1970s and 1980s disrupted a balance between returns to land from major crops (corn and soybeans) and land ownership costs in the Corn Belt. Both enterprise budgets and a time series analysis indicate a convergence to balance in the near future.
LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGY USE: DO EXTROVERSION AND INTROVERSION IMPACT LEARNERS' LLS PREFERENCES
Creators: name: Gulvisar Sodik Kizi Sadriyeva
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: Introvert
extrovert
introversion scale
Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SLIIL)
personality trait
gender
motivation

description: Facilitating language acquisition, finding easier but effective ways of learning have been crucial issues of all times both for teachers and learners, even the linguists in the field of Second Language Learning. Finding an appropriate strategy is not straightforward, it demands certain criteria, like gender, age, language proficiency, personality to be taken into account. This very study described in this article aims to conduct small-scale research on how language learning strategy use differs between two different personality traits, namely, introversion and extroversion. To collect determined data firstly two different learners have been chosen with the help of McCroskey's introversion scale by Richmond & McCroscey (1998). Then Oxford's (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning was chosen to get clear picture of the language strategy preferences of the learners with different personality traits