cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the potential of hard ferrite ceramics for permanent magnet technology -- a review on sintering strategies
Creators: name: Granados-Miralles, Cecilia
name: Jenuš, Petra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A plethora of modern technologies rely on permanent magnets for their operation, including many related to the transition towards a sustainable future, such as wind turbines or electric vehicles. Despite the overwhelming superiority of magnets based on rare-earth elements in terms of the magnetic performance, the harmful environmental impact of the mining of these raw materials, their uneven distribution on Earth and various political conflicts among countries leave no option but seeking for rare-earth-free alternatives. The family of the hexagonal ferrites or hexaferrites, and in particular the barium and strontium M-type ferrites (BaFe12O19 and SrFe12O19), are strong candidates for a partial rare-earth magnets substitution, and they are indeed successfully implemented in multiple applications. The manufacturing of hexaferrites into dense pieces (i.e. magnets) meeting the requirements of the specific application (e.g. magnetic and mechanical properties, shape) is not always straightforward, which has in many cases hampered the actual substitution at the industrial level. Here, past and on-going research on hexaferrites sintering is reviewed with a historical perspective, focusing on the challenges encountered and the solutions explored, and correlating the sintering approaches with the magnetic performance of the resulting ceramic magnet.
Экспорт образовательных услуг российской Федерации
Creators: name: КУЗЬМЕНКОВ МИХАИЛ ЮРЬЕВИЧ
name: ЛЕВАШЕНКО АНТОНИНА ДАВИДОВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЭКСПОРТ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УСЛУГ
EXPORT OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
БАРЬЕРЫ ЭКСПОРТА УСЛУГ
BARRIERS TO EXPORT OF SERVICES
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
EDUCATION
ИНОСТРАННЫЕ СТУДЕНТЫ
FOREIGN STUDENTS

description: В современном мире всё более актуальным становится вопрос экспорта образовательных услуг. Развитые страны принимают правовые акты, нацеленные на продвижение образовательных услуг на внешние рынки. В России такой документ был принят в 2017 г. И сейчас перед Правительством РФ стоит задача все большего привлечения иностранных студентов в российские образовательные организации и экспорт образовательных услуг зарубеж. Однако существуют барьеры. Авторы проанализировали лучшие практики стран-членов ОЭСР в области экспорта образовательных услуг и предлагают решения для преодоления существующих барьеров.
Simulation Study of Tandems of Perovskite and IBC c-Si Solar Cells
Creators: name: Silvestre, S.
name: Mas-Marzá, E.
name: Puigdollers González, J.
name: Fabregat-Santiago, F.
name: Ortega, P.
name: Serra, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 924-927
description: In this work, the simulation results obtained for a tandem configuration of perovskite, as top cell, and Interdigitated Back-Contacted (IBC) c-Si as bottom cell are presented. Two different models were used for the modelling and simulation of the perovskite and the IBC c-Si solar cells. The fabrication and characterization processes are also summarized in the experimental section. The models were validated by comparison of simulated current-voltage characteristics and real data measured in two fabricated devices. The best efficiency obtained in this study is 25% for a tandem device with the top and bottom solar cells connected in series.
Molybdenum Back Contact Engineering Using Ultrathin Intermediate Layers for Solution Processed Cu2(Zn,Cd)SnS4 Solar Cells
Creators: name: Zhuk, S.
name: Wong, T.K.S.
name: Tunuguntla, V.
name: Tripathy, S.
name: Wong, T.I.
name: Stsiapanau, A.
name: Smirnov, A.
name: Wong, L.H.
name: Dalapati, G.K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 882-885
description: Sputter deposited ultrathin (~10nm) CuO and ZnS intermediate layers have been separately incorporated into solution processed Cd-doped Cu2(Zn,Cd)SnS4 (CZCTS) thin film solar cells to suppress the diffusion of S during sulfurization and the formation of MoS2 between the absorber and the Mo back contact. X-ray diffraction of sputtered Mo films with CuO and ZnS overlayers showed reduced MoS2 formation after sulfurization at 600oC. However, CuO results in the lowest sheet resistance for the CuO/Mo bilayer after sulfurization. When introduced into a CZCTS/CdS device structure, the ultrathin CuO and ZnS layers can maintain good adhesion with the absorber layer due to an absence of voids in CZCTS near the back interface. Deposition of CZCTS onto CuO results in a reduction of the crystallite size while ZnS has the opposite effect. Elemental profiling of fabricated CZCTS/CdS solar cells showed reduced diffusion of S into Mo. As a result, CZCTS/CdS device with ZnS intermediate layer have higher power conversion efficiencies of 9.49% compared with the reference device of 8.84%.
Sundermeier, Theo / Küster, Volker (Hrsg.): die Bilder und das Wort
Creators: name: Junker, Johannes
Publisher: name: Lutherische Beiträge
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Beiträge, Bd. 6 Nr. 2 (2001): Lutherische Beiträge, Band 6, Heft 2
Efficiency Improvement of CdTe Solar Cells with Ultra-Thin CdS Layer
Creators: name: Leoncini, M.
name: Artegiani, E.
name: Barbato, M.
name: Meneghini, M.
name: Meneghesso, G.
name: Cavallini, M.
name: Romeo, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 889-891
description: CdTe solar cells have performed excellent efficiencies up to 22,1%. In order to reach these remarkable
values it is very important to reduce or completely remove the parasitic absorbance of the CdS buffer layer. One path
is to reduce the thickness and by doing so to allow the light transmittance in the low wavelength region. In this scope,
ultra-thin CdS has been grown in order to enhance the photocurrent generated in CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells.
However reducing CdS thickness is generally detrimental for the solar cell performance with a standard transparent
conductive oxide, due to the formation of shunts for a non homogeneous coating of the buffer layer particularly after
CdCl2 treatment that enhances sulphur interdiffusion into the CdTe.. In this paper we present a study of different
treatments of the CdS buffer layer, which are introduced in order to stabilize the material and limit the consumption
of CdS under the CdTe activation treatment. A study of the effect of different treatments on CdS with goal to improve
the layer’s structural stability and electrical performance is presented.
Effect of Electrolytic Bath Stirring on Optical, Morphological and Compositional Properties of CdS Thin Film
Creators: name: Werta, S.Z.
name: Echendu, O.K.
name: Dejene, F.B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 860-865
description: Electrodeposition of cadmium sulphide (CdS) films has been carried out from an electrolytic bath containing
cadmium acetate Cd(CH3COO)2 and sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) using simple two electrode configuration. The deposition
electrolytic bath stirring rate was varied at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 rotations per minute (rpm). The corresponding optical,
morphological, surface roughness, compositional and structural properties of the deposited films were characterized using
UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), energy dispersive
spectroscopy (EDS) and glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) respectively. The results revealed that, the estimated
energy band gaps were in the range of 2.24 to 2.29 eV as stirring rate decreases, for as-deposited films and 2.28 to 2.33 eV as
stirring rate decreases, for annealed films. SEM images show very compact and agglomerated spherical grains. From SPM
measurements it is observed that, the surface roughness was 2.50 to 2.70 nm for as-deposited samples and 1.76 - 2.50 nm for
annealed ones. EDS shows the films are cadmium rich for both as-deposited and annealed conditions at different stirring
rates.
Photovoltaic Glazing from Bottom-Up Electrodeposition of CIGS on Patterned Mo/Glass Substrates
Creators: name: Sidali, T.
name: Bou, A.
name: Leyder, S.
name: Coutancier, D.
name: Chassaing, E.
name: Theys, B.
name: Garuz, R.
name: Barakel, D.
name: Thoulon, P.-Y.
name: Lincot, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 875-877
description: In this paper, semi-transparent solar cells using Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 (CIGS)
semiconductors as absorber for BIPV applications is presented. The elaboration process consists in the
electrodeposition of a metallic stack onto a sub millimetric hole-patterned molybdenum substrate,
followed by thermal selenization. This method allows the selective deposition of the metallic stack and
the CIGS growth only on Mo-covered areas. In addition, series interconnection following the P1P2P3
method was carried out to produce minimodules. Several large area devices have been manufactured
with a transparency of 50%, leading to an efficiency of 3.5% (VOC of 7.6 V and ISC of 50 mA). On
isolated cells, a maximum efficiency of 7.2%, corresponding to a VOC of 365 mV, a JSC of 36 mA/cm²
and a fill factor of 55%, was measured.
Different effects of pesticides on transcripts of the endocrine regulation and energy metabolism in honeybee foragers from different colonies
Creators: name: Christen, Verena
Publisher: name: Nature
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 - Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften

description: Honeybees are important pollinators of many crops and contribute to biological biodiversity. For years, a decline in bee populations has been observed in certain areas. This decline in honeybees is accompanied by a decrease in pollinator services. One factor contributing to the decline of bee colonies is the exposure to pesticides. Pesticide exposure of bees, among other effects, can negatively affect orientation, memory, immune system function and gene expression. Among the altered expressed genes are transcripts of endocrine regulation and oxidative phosphorylation. Endocrine regulation plays an important role in the development of nurse bees into foragers and oxidative phosphorylation is involved in energy metabolism. Most of these transcriptional changes were investigated using mixed aged honeybees derived from the same colony. Experiments using nurse bees or foragers of the same age but from different colonies are rare. In the present study, effects of the two pesticides chlorpyrifos and pyraclostrobin on the expression of transcripts linked to endocrine regulation and oxidative phosphorylation in foragers of the same age from three different colonies are investigated to fill this gap. These two pesticides were selected because negative effects at sublethal concentrations on bees are known and because they are found in pollen and nectar of crops and wild plants. For this purpose, 20–22 days old foragers of three different colonies were exposed to different sublethal concentrations of the selected fungicides for 24 h, followed by analysis of the expression of. Some significant changes in gene expression of both endocrine regulation transcripts and oxidative phosphorylation were shown. Furthermore, it became clear that forager bees from different colonies react differently. This is especially important in relation to the risk analysis of pesticides. In addition, it could be shown that the expression of the brain of bees is a robust marker to distinguish nurse bees from foragers at the molecular biological level. In summary, this study clearly shows that pesticides, which are often detected in pollen and nectar, display negative effects at sublethal concentrations on bees and that it is important to use bees from different colonies for risk assessment of pesticides.
Girtypecten Newell 1938
Creators: name: Fang, Zong-Jie
name: Sun, Yuanlin
name: Baliński, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pectinida
Aviculopectinidae
Girtypecten

description: Genus Girtypecten Newell, 1938 [emended]
 Type species: Aviculopecten sublaqueatus Girty, 1908; original designation by Newell (1938: 77).
 Emended diagnosis.—Shell subcircular, prosocline or acline, left valve more convex than right, auricles elongate, sometimes acuminate, well differentiated from disc; disc surface marked only with simple, coarse, widely spaced primary costae (unicostate) or having ranks of new costae added by intercalation during growth (multicostate). Costae and similarly spaced commarginal ridges cross each other and produce a reticulated ornamentation of squares and rectangles; left valve often with costal spines rising from the ridge intersections, distally pointed, circular in cross section with an innerside (ventral) or outerside (dorsal) groove; right valve spineless. Alivincular ligament with posteriorly or anteriorly elongate asymmetrical resilifer.
 Discussion.— Newell and Boyd (1995) employed terms such as multicostate, unicostate, and uniplicate in describing radial ornamentation in pectinoid bivalves and utilized these characters for their diagnoses and classification. They brought multicostate into the definition of the genus Girtypecten Newell, 1938 as an important character, but they did not mention the existence of unicostate species, such as Girtypecten spinosus Chen, 1962. Therefore, it is necessary to emend the diagnosis of Girtypecten to accommodate both multicostate and unicostate species. A new subgenus Girtypecten (Sinopecten) is here proposed for the unicostate species of Girtypecten, while Girtypecten (Girtypecten) is appropriate for multicostate species such as the one described by Newell and Boyd (1995: 41).
 The genus Acanthopecten is also characterized by distally pointed spines, which, however, are located between ribs and are externally concave, unlike the pyramidal costal spines of Girtypecten.
description: Published as part of Fang, Zong-Jie, Sun, Yuanlin & Baliński, Andrzej, 2006, A new aviculopectinid bivalve from the Early Carboniferous of Guizhou, China, pp. 599-604 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3) on pages 600-601, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13652095
Molybdenum Bilayer Thin Film on Large Area by Cylindrical Rotating DC Magnetron Sputtering for CIGS Solar Cell Application
Creators: name: Badgujar, A.C.
name: Yadav, B.S.
name: Ramakrishna, M.
name: Dey, S.R.
name: Dusane, R.O.
name: Dhage, S.R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 866-869
description: Highly conductive and adhesive Molybdenum (Mo) thin film back contact on soda lime glass (SLG) substrate popularly deposited by magnetron sputtering is essential for fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2, Cu(Zn,Sn)(S,Se)2, CdTe and Sb2Se3 based thin film solar cells. Electrical and optical properties of the sputtered Mo thin films are predominantly governed by sputtering process conditions such as sputter power, deposition pressure and substrate temperature. In this work, we investigated influence of deposition pressure on phase constitution, adhesion strength on SLG, electrical and optical properties of bilayer Mo thin films coated on 300 mm X 300 mm X 3 mm Soda lime glass substrate using cylindrical rotating DC magnetron sputtering. The prepared bilayer Mo thin films using optimized sputter process conditions was further used as back contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell device, demonstrated a photo-conversion efficiency of 5.0% on an area of 0.16 cm2 under 100 mW/cm2 illuminations.
P2 Nanosecond Laser Patterning of CIGSe Solar Cell Absorber Layers: Revealing Enhanced Charge Carrier Recombination within Laser-Affected Zones by Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Schultz, C.
name: Bartelt, A.
name: Junghans, C.
name: Schmidt, S.
name: Schlatmann, R.
name: Stegemann, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 870-874
description: Laser-based patterning of CIGSe solar cells for monolithic serial interconnection is still challenging.
Reasons are laser-induced damages resulting in alterations of the CIGSe material either due to material
inhomogeneities or improper laser patterning parameters. These alterations affect the CIGSe composition as well as
its electrical properties. In this study we focus on the electrical properties in the vicinity of the P2 lines, scribed either
by laser or needle patterning. The CIGSe films patterned by nanosecond lasers are compared to needle-patterned
CIGSe samples serving as a reference. By comparing optical microscopy images with photoluminescence intensity
images significantly wider laser-scribed lines were found in the photoluminescence images. Time-resolved
photoluminescence decay curves were analyzed for varying distances to the scribe line. For the laser-scribed samples
a significant reduction of the charge carrier lifetime is found when approaching the scribe from untreated material
areas. It is shown that the shorter charge carrier lifetimes can be related to known CIGSe lattice defect states such as
Cu vacancies and Cu anti-sites acting as recombination centers. These results provide further understanding of the
laser-material interaction and help optimizing the patterning processes for monolithic serial interconnection of CIGSe
solar cells.
Johansson, Torbjörn: Reformationens huvudfrågor och arvet från Augustinus
Creators: name: Diestelmann, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Lutherische Beiträge
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Beiträge, Bd. 6 Nr. 2 (2001): Lutherische Beiträge, Band 6, Heft 2
Alkali Reactivity on Aged CIGS Absorber Deposited on Flexible Substrates Studied by XPS
Creators: name: Béchu, S.
name: Achard, V.
name: Loubat, A.
name: Balestrieri, M.
name: Hildebrandt, T.
name: Frégnaux, M.
name: Vigneron, J.
name: Lincot, D.
name: Jubault, M.
name: Bouttemy, M.
name: Donsanti, F.
name: Etcheberry, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 878-881
description: CIGS based solar cells are part of the most popular solar cells developed. Recently, CIGS technology was transferred on flexible substrates with interesting performances. As it was proved that presence of alkali elements in the bulk materials leads to better efficiencies in soda-lime glass substrates, a post-deposition alkali treatment is necessary to achieve high performances when CIGS is deposited on other substrates with no internal alkali source. The control of introduced quantities, localization and distribution of alkali elements (and in certain case, their counter-ions) after post-deposition treatment and ageing is then a crucial information in order to optimize the cells. This study is related to this context and is mainly oriented on alkali reactivity, by considering their evolutions at the surface but also at the sub-surface with Ar+ profiling, thanks to XPS measurements.
MOA 2011-BLG-028Lb: a Neptune-mass Microlensing Planet in the Galactic Bulge
Creators: name: Skowron, J.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Kozłowski, S.
name: Szymański, M. K.
name: Wyrzykowski, Ł.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Pietrzyński, G.
name: Soszyński, I.
name: Abe, F.
name: Bennett, D. P.
name: Bhattacharya, A.
name: Bond, I. A.
name: Freeman, M.
name: Fukui, A.
name: Hirao, Y.
name: Itow, Y.
name: Koshimoto, N.
name: Ling, C. H.
name: Masuda, K.
name: Matsubara, Y.
name: Muraki, Y.
name: Nagakane, M.
name: Ohnishi, K.
name: Rattenbury, N.
name: Saito, To.
name: Sullivan, D. J.
name: Sumi, T.
name: Suzuki, D.
name: Tristram, P. J.
name: Yonehara, A.
name: Dominik, M.
name: Jørgensen, U. G.
name: Bozza, V.
name: Harpsøe, K.
name: Hundertmark, M.
name: Skottfelt, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a Neptune-mass planet orbiting a 0.8 +- 0.3 M_Sun star in the Galactic bulge. The planet manifested itself during the microlensing event MOA 2011-BLG-028/OGLE-2011-BLG-0203 as a low-mass companion to the lens star. The analysis of the light curve provides the measurement of the mass ratio: (1.2 +- 0.2) x 10^-4, which indicates the mass of the planet to be 12-60 Earth masses. The lensing system is located at 7.3 +- 0.7 kpc away from the Earth near the direction to Baade's Window. The projected separation of the planet, at the time of the microlensing event, was 3.1-5.2 AU. Although the "microlens parallax" effect is not detected in the light curve of this event, preventing the actual mass measurement, the uncertainties of mass and distance estimation are narrowed by the measurement of the source star proper motion on the OGLE-III images spanning eight years, and by the low amount of blended light seen, proving that the host star cannot be too bright and massive. We also discuss the inclusion of undetected parallax and orbital motion effects into the models, and their influence onto the final physical parameters estimates.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to ApJ
Интеграционные процессы в Латинской Америке как фактор содействия внешней торговле
Creators: name: КОСТЮНИНА ГАЛИНА МИХАЙЛОВНА
name: КОЗЛОВА ОЛЬГА АНАТОЛЬЕВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЛАТИНСКАЯ АМЕРИКА
LATIN AMERICA
ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ
INTEGRATION
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ТОРГОВЫЕ СОГЛАШЕНИЯ
REGIONAL TRADE
ЛАИ
МЕРКОСУР
MERCOSUR
ТИХООКЕАНСКИЙ АЛЬЯНС
PACIFIC ALLIANCE
КАРИКОМ
CARICOM
АНДСКОЕ СООБЩЕСТВО НАЦИЙ
ЦАИС
ВНЕШНЯЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ
FOREIGN TRADE
ВНУТРИРЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ
ALAI
ANDEANCOMMUNITY
CENTRAL AMERICAN INTEGRATION SYSTEM

description: В статье анализируется текущее состояние и перспективы интеграционных процессовв Латинской Америке, их влияние на развитие общерегиональной и внутрирегиональной торговли. Рассматривается функционирование четырех таможенных союзов, как Меркосур, КАРИКОМ, Андское сообщество наций, Центрально американская интеграционная система, а также зоны свободной торговли Тихоокеанского альянса. Делается вывод о преобладании в настоящее время интеграционных процессов на субрегиональном уровне, одновременно наблюдается смещение акцента в пользу общерегионального уровня с формированием в перспективе общерегиональной зоны свободной торговли. Интеграционные процессы в Латинской Америке послужили фактором содействия внешней торговле стран-участников, роста взаимного экспорта и его доли в совокупном экспорте.
Characterization of Sputtered CdSexTe1-x Films and Their Application in CdTe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Li, C.X.
name: Wu, L.L.
name: Wang, F.G.
name: Chen, Y.L.
name: Feng, L.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 886-888
description: CdSeXTe1-X film has high absorption coefficient and optimum band gap and chemical stability. This
makes it attractive for photovoltaic application. CdSeXTe1-X films with variable concentrations (x = 0 to 1) have been
deposited onto quartz glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) sputtering deposition. The crystal structure, surface
profile and optical properties of CdSexTe1-x films are investigated by XRD, SEM, AFM and an UV-VIS spectrometer.
CdSeXTe1-X films (0
Increased Efficiency with CdSeTe Layer in Front of CdTe
Creators: name: Sites, J.R.
name: Huss, A.
name: Song, T.
name: Lingg, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 843-845
description: The highest-efficiency CdTe cells at both First Solar and Colorado State University have been made with a layer of the lower band-gap CdSeTe alloy between the emitter and the CdTe. Simulations which include the CdSeTe layer are in agreement with experimental results. The CdSeTe thickness has generally been the order of 1 μm. Most of the solar spectrum is therefore absorbed in the CdSeTe layer, which means that the cell structure is best described as a CdSeTe absorber with CdTe behind to form a back surface field. For Se/Te ratios between 0.1 and 0.4, the band gap decreases from 1.50 eV for CdTe to the neighborhood of 1.4 eV for the alloy. This decrease in band gap implies an increase in current density of approximately 3 mA/cm2, which is quite close to the amount seen experimentally. The voltage in both simulation and experiment for a single-layer CdSeTe absorber decreases by an amount similar to the 100-meV band-gap difference, but recovers to very nearly the same voltage as the CdTe cell when the CdSeTe/CdTe combination is employed. This recovery is strongly suggestive of a conduction-band offset near 100 meV that creates a back-surface field which reflects electrons at the CdSeTe/CdTe transition. The result demonstrates that the CdTe voltage deficit compared to the ideal can be reduced by approximately the 100-meV difference between the CdSeTe and CdTe band gaps and explains why an increase in absolute efficiency of approximately 2% has been observed.
In-Line MOCVD of Aluminium Alloyed Zinc Sulfide: A Path to High Performance CdTe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Clayton, A.J.
name: Oklobia, O.
name: Siderfin, P.J.
name: Jones, S.
name: Kartopu, G.
name: Teloeken, A.C.
name: Lamb, D.A.
name: Irvine, S.J.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 850-855
description: An aluminium alloyed zinc sulfide (Zn(Al)S) layer produced on NSG TECTM C10 substrates using inline
metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) was incorporated into thin film cadmium telluride (CdTe)
devices as a high resistance transparent (HRT) layer. Inclusion of the Zn(Al)S improved the open circuit voltage (Voc)
of the CdTe solar cells. The low electron affinity of the Zn(Al)S was shown by SCAPS to introduce a positive
conduction band discontinuity, attributing to the enhanced Voc. This improvement was preserved as the cadmium zinc
sulfide (Cd(Zn)S) buffer thickness was reduced. The Zn(Al)S was well adhered to the NSG TECTM C10 substrate
and acted to prevent delamination of the device structure, previously observed, during more aggressive cadmium
chloride (CdCl2) activation treatment (CHT), which occurred for devices without the HRT layer. Aggressive CHT
parameters improved short circuit current-density for devices with 0.05 m thick Cd(Zn)S and 0.1 μm Zn(Al)S HRT
layer, with some loss to Voc for the thinner Cd(Zn)S. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that grain enlargement
increased after more aggressive CHT, reducing the grain boundary density where defect states typically reside.
Coordination of Multi-Agent Systems under Switching Topologies via Disturbance Observer Based Approach
Creators: name: Tang, Yutao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, a leader-following coordination problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems is considered under switching topologies where each agent is subject to some local (unbounded) disturbances. While these unknown disturbances may disrupt the performance of agents, a disturbance observer based approach is employed to estimate and reject them. Varying communication topologies are also taken into consideration, and their byproduct difficulties are overcome by using common Lyapunov function techniques. According to the available information in difference cases, two disturbance observer based protocols are proposed to solve this problem. Their effectiveness is verified by simulations.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Внешняя торговля Китая со странами Африки
Creators: name: ЗАХАРОВ АЛЕКСАНДР НИКОЛАЕВИЧ
name: РУСАК НИКИТА АНДРЕЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ВНЕШНЯЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ
FOREIGN TRADE
КИТАЙ
CHINA
АФРИКА
AFRICA
ТОВАРООБОРОТ
COMMODITY TURNOVER
ЭНЕРГОРЕСУРСЫ
ENERGY RESOURCES

description: В статье анализируется внешняя торговля Китая со странами африканского континента. Рассматривается опыт Китая в его инвестиционной политике, направленной на страны Африки, учтена роль внешнеторгового аспекта. В первой части перечислены экономические, политические и социальные риски экономического сотрудничества КНР со странами африканского континента. Вторая глава посвящена внешнеторговому аспекту сотрудничества КНР и Африки. Описаны различные примеры взаимодействия двух сторон, в томчисле в сфере торговли, инфраструктурные проекты, сырьевое сотрудничество. Приводится структура китайского экспорта в Африку. Описано военное присутствие КНР на африканском континенте, в частности военно-морская база в Джибути. В заключительной части дана краткая характеристика энергетическому взаимодействию Китая и Африки. Приведены последние цифры по разведанные залежам нефти и природного газа в африканских странах. Даны возможные рекомендации для налаживания более тесных контактов между Москвой и странами Африки.
Probing Photoinduced Degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Films by Kelvin Probe and Photoluminescence Techniques
Creators: name: Peter Amalathas, A.
name: Abelová, L.
name: Conrad, B.
name: Dzurnak, B.
name: Ledinsky, M.
name: Holovsky, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 856-859
description: In this work, the photoinduced degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films under illumination in
ambient conditions (relative humidity 30-50%) was studied by Kelvin Probe and Photoluminescence techniques. Using
Kelvin Probe techniques, we investigated the effects on the work function of the CH3NH3PbI3 film on fluorine-doped
SnO2 (FTO) at various photoinduced degradation states in the dark and under illumination. It was found that the work
function of CH3NH3PbI3 film on FTO was gradually increased in the dark after every 10 min illumination step until the
film was completely degraded. The gradual increase in work function due to the degradation can be ascribed to
modulation doping of the CH3NH3PbI3 by PbI2 phase. It was also found that the contact potential difference (CPD) of
CH3NH3PbI3 on FTO was increased under illumination as a result of a positive surface photovoltage relative to the
FTO. The steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL measurements show that photoinduced
degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 leads to different charge carrier dynamics, as the localized defects and vacancies are
increased during the degradation.
Girtypecten (Girtypecten) Newell 1938
Creators: name: Fang, Zong-Jie
name: Sun, Yuanlin
name: Baliński, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pectinida
Aviculopectinidae
Girtypecten

description: Subgenus Girtypecten (Girtypecten) Newell, 1938
 Type species: Aviculopecten sublaqueatus Girty, 1908; original designation by Newell (1938: 77); Guadalupian (Middle Permian), Texas.
 Species included: Pseudomonotis fimbriata Gemmellaro, 1896 (Gemmellaro 1896: 204, pl. 23: 16–19; Permian Sosio beds, Sicily, Italy); Girtypecten beipeiensis Liu, 1976 (Liu 1976: 183, pl. 14: 1; Changhsingian, Late Permian, Sichuan, China); Girtypecten cf. spinosus Chen, 1962 (Zhang et al. 1977: 510, pl. 197: 5; Late Permian, Guangxi, China; the closest species of this multicostate form seems to be G. qinghaiensis Lu, 1979 rather than G. spinosus, because the latter is an unicostate species); Girtypecten qinghaiensis Lu, 1979 (in Zhang et al. 1979: 227, pl. 58: 1; Middle Permian, Qinghai, China); Girtypecten sublaqueatus (Girty, 1908) (see Newell and Boyd 1995: 41, fig. 30: 1–7; Upper Wolfcampian–Upper Guadalupian, West Texas and Wyoming).
 Stratigraphic and geographic range: Upper Wolfcampian–Changhsingian; Italy, China, and USA.
 Diagnosis.—Multicostate Girtypecten with left valve often having pyramidal costal spines rising from the ridge intersections, distally pointed, with a ventral groove along the innerside; resilifer asymmetrical, posteriorly elongate.
description: Published as part of Fang, Zong-Jie, Sun, Yuanlin & Baliński, Andrzej, 2006, A new aviculopectinid bivalve from the Early Carboniferous of Guizhou, China, pp. 599-604 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3) on page 601, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13652095
Using gas clouds to probe the accretion flow around SgrA*: G2's delayed pericenter passage
Creators: name: Madigan, Ann-Marie
name: McCourt, Michael
name: O'Leary, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical evolution of the putative gas clouds G1 and G2 recently discovered in the Galactic center. Following earlier studies suggesting that these two clouds are part of a larger gas streamer, we combine their orbits into a single trajectory. Since the gas clouds experience a drag force from background gas, this trajectory is not exactly Keplerian. By assuming the G1 and G2 clouds trace this trajectory, we fit for the drag force they experience and thus extract information about the accretion flow at a distance of thousands of Schwarzschild radii from the black hole. This range of radii is important for theories of black hole accretion, but is currently unconstrained by observations. In this paper we extend our previous work by accounting for radial forces due to possible inflow or outflow of the background gas. Such radial forces drive precession in the orbital plane, allowing a slightly better fit to the G1 and G2 data. This precession delays the pericenter passage of G2 by 4-5 months relative to estimates derived from a Keplerian orbital fit; if it proves possible to identify the pericenter time observationally, this enables an immediate test of whether G1 and G2 are gas clouds part of a larger gas streamer. If G2 is indeed a gas cloud, its closest approach likely occurred in late summer 2014, after many of the observing campaigns monitoring G2's anticipated pericenter passage ended. We discuss how this affects interpretation of the G2 observations.
description: 9 pages, submitted to MNRAS
Elliptic Curves with Isomorphic Groups of Points over Finite Field Extensions
Creators: name: Heuberger, Clemens
name: Mazzoli, Michela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G20, 11A05

description: Consider a pair of ordinary elliptic curves $E$ and $E'$ defined over the same finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. Suppose they have the same number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points, i.e. $|E(\mathbb{F}_q)|=|E'(\mathbb{F}_q)|$. In this paper we characterise for which finite field extensions $\mathbb{F}_{q^k}$, $k\geq 1$ (if any) the corresponding groups of $\mathbb{F}_{q^k}$-rational points are isomorphic, i.e. $E(\mathbb{F}_{q^k}) \cong E'(\mathbb{F}_{q^k})$.
"нерыночный" демпинг: новое антидемпинговое регулирование Европейского союза
Creators: name: НАКУ АНТОН АРКАДЬЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ СОЮЗ
EUROPEAN UNION
ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ КОМИССИЯ
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
ВСЕМИРНАЯ ТОРГОВАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ
WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION
ДЕМПИНГ
DUMPING
СУБСИДИИ
SUBSIDIES
АНТИДЕМПИНГОВЫЕ МЕРЫ
ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES
КОМПЕНСАЦИОННЫЕ МЕРЫ
COUNTERVAILING MEASURES
НОРМАЛЬНАЯ СТОИМОСТЬ
NORMAL VALUE

description: Статья рассматривает недавние изменения в законодательстве Европейского Союза в сфере противодействия импорту демпинговых и субсидируемых товаров, вступившие в силу в декабре 2017 года и направленные на усиление полномочий Европейской Комиссии по введению мер в отношении товаров из стран с высоким уровнем участия государствав экономике. Особое внимание в статье уделено новому порядку расчета нормальной стоимости товаров, при котором принимаются во внимание «значительные рыночные искажения» затрат на производство. Данный подход может существенно ухудшить позициипроизводителей из ряда стран-членов ВТО, экспортирующих товары в ЕС, и повлечь за собой новую волну споров о совместимости антидемпинговых правил ЕС с нормами ипринципами ВТО.
Results of the Project “AdmMo” – Cell and Module Development towards a 318 W Module
Creators: name: Nekarda, J.-F.
name: Brand, A.
name: Linse, M.
name: Clement, F.
name: Schneider, J.
name: Turek, M.
name: Großer, S.
name: Schoenfelder, S.
name: Urban, T.
name: Ehrl, M.
name: Müller, M.
name: Heitmann, J.
name: Yüce, C.
name: Willenbacher, N.
name: Große, T.
name: Böhme, R.
name: König, M.
name: Frintrup, H.
name: Fuss-Kailuweit, P.
name: Kersten, F.
name: Mette, A.
name: Müller, J.W.
name: Preu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Silicon Cells
Manufacturing & Production of Si Cells

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 825-831
description: In December 2014, the publicly funded project "AdmMo: Advanced multi-crystalline Modules" initiated by Hanwha Q-Cells started with the partners Heraeus, Frintrup, Innolas-Solutions, Meyer Burger Germany, Wavelabs, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Bergakademie Freiberg, Fraunhofer CSP and Fraunhofer ISE. The content of the project, which ended on April 30th, 2018, is a comprehensive and consistent further development of PERC cell and module technology. The overall project objective is a reduction of the “Levelized Cost of Electricity” (LCoE) to < 6 € ct / kWh in relation to the southern German region. For this purpose, a substantial cost reduction with simultaneous increase in performance of the cells and modules as well as a service life of the modules extended to 30 years was aspired. Our conference paper gives an overview of the most important results. Among other things, Cz-PERC solar cells with efficiencies > 22 % and based on this a module of 120 half-cells with a power output of 318 watts is demonstrated.
Das Ringen um die Rechtfertigung durch den Glauben im afrikanischen Kontext
Creators: name: Abate, Eshetu
Publisher: name: Lutherische Beiträge
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Beiträge, Bd. 6 Nr. 2 (2001): Lutherische Beiträge, Band 6, Heft 2
The clumpy torus around type II AGN as revealed by X-ray fluorescent lines
Creators: name: Liu, Jiren
name: Liu, Yuan
name: Li, Xiaobo
name: Xu, Weiwei
name: Gou, Lijun
name: Cheng, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reflection spectrum of the torus around AGN is characterized by X-ray fluorescent lines, which are most prominent for type II AGN. A clumpy torus allows photons reflected from the back-side of the torus to leak through the front free-of-obscuration regions. Therefore, the observed X-ray fluorescent lines are sensitive to the clumpiness of the torus. We analyse a sample of type II AGN observed with Chandra HETGS, and measure the fluxes for the Si Ka and Fe Ka lines. The measured Fe Ka/Si Ka ratios, spanning a range between $5-60$, are far smaller than the ratios predicted from simulations of smooth tori, indicating that the tori of the studied sources have clumpy distributions rather than smooth ones. Compared with simulation results of clumpy tori with a half-opening angle of 60$^{\circ}$, the Circinus galaxy has a Fe Ka/Si Ka ratio of $\sim60$, which is close to the simulation results for $N=5$, where $N$ is the average number of clumps along the line of sight. The Fe Ka/Si Ka ratios of the other sources are all below the simulation results for $N=2$. Overall, it shows that the non-Fe fluorescent lines in the soft X-ray band are a potentially powerful probe of the clumpiness of the torus around AGN.
description: 5 pages, 3 figs, accepted by MNRAS
Экономическая целесообразность государственной политики по продвижению экспорта
Creators: name: ГОРОВОЙ ЕВГЕНИЙ ВЛАДИМИРОВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ПРОДВИЖЕНИЕ ЭКСПОРТА
EXPORT PROMOTION
СТРУКТУРА ЭКСПОРТА
EXPORT STRUCTURE
ОБУЧАЮЩИЙ ЭФФЕКТ ЭКСПОРТА
LEARNING BY EXPORTING EFFECT
ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ВНЕШНИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ
POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES
ПРОВАЛЫ РЫНКА
MARKET FAILURES

description: Статья посвящена государственной политике по продвижению экспорта. Рассматривая положительное влияние государственной поддержки на стоимостной объём экспортаи ВВП и анализируя причины этого положительного влияния, автор приводит экономические аргументы в пользу государственной политики по продвижению экспорта как формы государственного вмешательства в экономику. Автор выделяет три группы аргументов: рост производительности фирм-экспортёров вместе с обучающим эффектом экспорта, положительные внешние эффекты и устранение мешающих развитию экспортной деятельности провалов рынка. Перечисляются соответствующие меры государственной политики для продвижения экспорта.
High-Efficiency Diamond Wire-Sawn mc-Si-Based PERC Solar Cells Textured by Atmospheric Pressure Dry Etching
Creators: name: Kafle, B.
name: Ridoy, A.I.
name: Saint-Cast, P.
name: Clochard, L.
name: Duffy, E.
name: Duncker, K.
name: Petter, K.
name: Peters, S.
name: Hofmann, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Silicon Cells
Manufacturing & Production of Si Cells

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 839-842
description: In this paper, we present further results on the integration of a “black-silicon” texturing process on diamond-wire sawn
multicrystalline silicon wafer, using atmospheric pressure dry texturing (ADE) in a passivated emitter and rear cell
(PERC) solar cell architecture. Following on from our previous work on high-efficiency nanotextured solar cells, we
present further optimization of our texturing process, resulting in the uniform formation of spherical caps-like surface
morphology with low reflectivity and comparable reflection distribution to the wet-chemical acidic texture based on
additives. First cell results show up to 19.8% conversion efficiency. Characterisation and analysis of the cells highlight
current limitations and identify potential for improvement: optimization of the firing process and minimization the
inherent bulk-related recombination losses in the mc-Si material, which is expected to lead to further gain in conversion
efficiencies.
Predicting proximity with ambient mobile sensors for non-invasive health diagnostics
Creators: name: Orimaye, Sylvester Olubolu
name: Leong, Foo Chuan
name: Lee, Chen Hui
name: Ng, Eddy Cheng Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern smart phones are becoming helpful in the areas of Internet-Of-Things (IoT) and ambient health intelligence. By learning data from several mobile sensors, we detect nearness of the human body to a mobile device in a three-dimensional space with no physical contact with the device for non-invasive health diagnostics. We show that the human body generates wave patterns that interact with other naturally occurring ambient signals that could be measured by mobile sensors, such as, temperature, humidity, magnetic field, acceleration, gravity, and light. This interaction consequentially alters the patterns of the naturally occurring signals, and thus, exhibits characteristics that could be learned to predict the nearness of the human body to a mobile device, hence provide diagnostic information for medical practitioners. Our prediction technique achieved 88.75% accuracy and 88.3% specificity.
description: Accepted and presented at the 12th IEEE Malaysia International Conference on Communications, 23-25 November, 2015, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
82% Bifaciality Industrial p-Type mc-Si Bifacial PERC Solar Cell
Creators: name: Dong, J.
name: Chen, X.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Lv, J.
name: Shen, Z.
name: Li, J.
name: Ye, Q.
name: Wei, W.
name: Wang, W.
name: Sheng, J.
name: Zhang, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Silicon Cells
Manufacturing & Production of Si Cells

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 778-780
description: Bifacial PERC is expected to be the next step from mono-facial PERC because of the similar processing between mono-facial PERC and bifacial PERC. Processes relating to the rear side, such as rear surface passivation stacks, laser ablation patterns and rear metallization, were optimized. Industrial mass production p-type mc-Si bifacial PERC solar cells, with average front and rear side efficiency of 20.15% and 15.8% respectively, as measured with a black chuck, are demonstrated in this paper. A detailed optical loss analysis for the best cell with bifaciality factor of 82.5% indicated that the rear metal shading and rear reflection are the dominant JSC loss on the rear side. It is expected that firing through Al paste and multi-busbar can improve rear side efficiency dramatically and mc-Si bifacial PERC solar cell with bifaciality factor of up to 85% can be achieved.
Introduction of Copper by Wet Deposition in CdTe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Artegiani, E.
name: Menossi, D.
name: Barbato, M.
name: Meneghini, M.
name: Meneghesso, G.
name: Leoncini, M.
name: Cavallini, M.
name: Romeo, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 846-849
description: CdTe thin film solar cells have reached an efficiency of 22.1%. These solar cells are generally
fabricated adding copper to the absorber. Despite different copper-free back contacts have been introduced, the presence
of copper has demonstrated to deliver the highest efficiency. On the other hand, Cu is a fast diffuser in CdTe, leading to
the formation of carrier traps and resulting in degradation of the devices. For this reason a suitable Cu concentration and
the formation of a stable back contact are very important to reach high efficiency and stability. In this paper, a copper
chloride wet deposition method has been developed, and a comparison between the addiction of copper through vacuum
evaporation and wet deposition is presented. Through a solution, the deposition uniformity of a very small amount of
copper can be easily controlled. Moreover, with this method the obtained efficiencies are higher than with same quantity
of evaporated copper, and are very similar to the device with larger quantity of evaporated copper but with a dramatic
stability improvement.