Rhinolophus keyensis Peters 1871
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus keyensis

description: 53. Insular Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus keyensis</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe</i> insulaire / <b>German:</b> Kei-lnseln-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura insular <b>Other common names:</b> <i>Kai</i> Horseshoe Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> <i>Rhinolophus keyensis</i> Peters, 1871, “ Key-Inseln [= <b>Kai</b> Islands], ” Indonesia. Included in the <i>megaphyllus</i> species group. Previously considered a subspecies of <i>R megaphyllus,</i> but now recognized as a distinct species based on morphological and genetic data. <i>R keyensis</i> has been known by the name <i>simplex,</i> but <i>keyensis</i> is the oldest available name. Four subspecies recognized. Subspecies <b>and Distribution.</b> <i>R k. keyensis</i> Peters, 1871 - Moluccas Is (Bacan, Ambon), Gorong Archipelago, and Kai Is. <i>R k. amiri</i> Kitchener, 1995 — E Lesser Sunda Is (Savu, Semau, and Roti). <i>R k. parvus</i> R. E. Goodwin, 1979 - E Lesser Sunda Is (Timor). <i>R k. simplex</i> K.Andersen, 1905 - Lesser Sunda Is (Bali, Nusa Penida, Lombok, Sumbawa, Moyo, Sangeang, Komodo, Rinca, <i>Flores</i>, Lembata, Alor, <i>Wetar</i>, and Sumba). Descriptive <b>notes.</b> Head-body 35-4—46- 6 mm, tail 17-26- 2 mm, ear 14—20 mm, hindfoot 5-9-8- 4 mm, forearm 35-8-44- 9 mm. The Insular Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> is a variable species of horseshoe bat, similar to the Eastern Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>(megaphyllus),</i> and differing by: being generally smaller in most measurements; having anterior basisphenoid with marked depression rather than shallow groove that runs smoothly into basioccipital surface; and having distinct baculum, with more bulbous base. In races <i>simplex</i> and <i>keyensis,</i> dorsal pelage is blackish brown (sometimes russet), whereas ventral pelage is lighter drab brown; in <i>parvus,</i> dorsum is more cinnamon brown and ventral pelage is fawn brown, <i>apparendy</i> with pale patch behind ear; race <i>amiri</i> is dark as in <i>simplex</i> (on Roti), or lighter as in <i>parvus</i> (on Semau), or blackish brown on rump grading to paler medium brown on neck, shoulders, and upper back with cream ventral pelage, becoming darker on abdomen (Savu). Ears are moderately long. Noseleaf has long lancet with a blunt tip and slighdy concave sides; sella is smoothly curved at dp and parallel-sided (sella smaller in <i>keyensis),</i> as well as variably constricted on sides; horseshoe is wide at 8- 2 mm, and has obvious median emarginadon; secondary leaflets present. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Baculum is moderately long (2-5- 3-5 mm in length) and dorsally straight with bulbous and <i>weakly</i> to strongly bifurcated base. Skull is of medium build (zygomatic width is slighdy larger than, or subequal to, mastoid width); anterior nasal swellings are moderately to well developed; supraorbital crests <i>usually</i> join behind midpoint of orbital cavity (occasionally join is anterior to this <i>point</i>). P2 is small with well-developed cusp and is usually within tooth row, separating C1 and P4 <i>widely</i>; P3 is either partially displaced from tooth row or fully displaced, sometimes allowing P2 and P4 to touch. Habitat. Recorded in open woodlands at 500 m elevation on Savu Island. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. <b>Activity patterns.</b> No information. <b>Movements,</b> Home <b>range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Data Deficient on <i>The</i> IUCN <i>Red List.</i> The Insular Horseshoe Bat is found over a number of islands; many of these islands have experienced drastic and large-scale habitat destruction, which may affect this species adversely. Virtually nothing is known regarding this species’ ecology and the threats <i>it</i> faces, and further research is needed. <b>Bibliography.</b> Corbet &amp; Hill (1992), Csorba &amp; Bates (2016b), Csorba <i>et al.</i> (2003), Flannery (1995a), Kitchener, Schmitt et al. (1995), <i>Koopman</i> &amp; <i>Gordon</i> (1992).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 307, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525