cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Opening the Black-Box: A Systematic Review on Explainable AI in Remote Sensing
Creators: name: Höhl, Adrian
name: Obadic, Ivica
name: Torres, Miguel Ángel Fernández
name: Najjar, Hiba
name: Oliveira, Dario
name: Akata, Zeynep
name: Dengel, Andreas
name: Zhu, Xiao Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, black-box machine learning approaches have become a dominant modeling paradigm for knowledge extraction in remote sensing. Despite the potential benefits of uncovering the inner workings of these models with explainable AI, a comprehensive overview summarizing the explainable AI methods used and their objectives, findings, and challenges in remote sensing applications is still missing. In this paper, we address this gap by performing a systematic review to identify the key trends in the field and shed light on novel explainable AI approaches and emerging directions that tackle specific remote sensing challenges. We also reveal the common patterns of explanation interpretation, discuss the extracted scientific insights, and reflect on the approaches used for the evaluation of explainable AI methods. As such, our review provides a complete summary of the state-of-the-art of explainable AI in remote sensing. Further, we give a detailed outlook on the challenges and promising research directions, representing a basis for novel methodological development and a useful starting point for new researchers in the field.
Analysis of GaN/AlxGa1?xN Heterojunction Dual-Band Photodetectors Using Capacitance Profiling Techniques
Creators: name: Byrum, Laura
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: Capacitance-voltage-frequency measurements on n+-GaN/AlxGa1?xN UV/IR dual-band
detectors are reported. The presence of shallow Si-donor, deep Si-donor, and C-donor/N-vacancy
defect states were found to significantly alter the electrical characteristics of the detectors. The
barrier Al fraction was found to change the position of the interface defect states relative to the Fermi level. The sample with Al fraction of 0.1 shows a distinct capacitance-step and hysteresis,
which is attributed to C-donor/N-vacancy electron trap states located above the Fermi level
(200 meV) at the heterointerface; whereas, the sample with Al fraction of 0.026 shows negative
capacitance and dispersion, indicating C-donor/N-vacancy and deep Si-donor defect states located
below the Fermi level (88 meV). When an i-GaN buffer layer was added to the structure, an
anomalous high-frequency capacitance peak was observed and attributed to resonance scattering
due to hybridization of localized Si-donor states in the band gap with conduction band states at
the i-GaN/n+-GaN interface.
Signals of Detailed Balance Violation in Nonequilibrium Stationary States: Subtle, Manifest, and Extraordinary
Creators: name: Zia, R. K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of physical systems are often modeled by simple Markovian processes. When settled into stationary states, the probability distributions of such systems are time independent, by definition. However, they do not necessarily fall within the framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Instead, they may be non-equilibrium steady states (NESS). One distinguished feature of NESS is the presence of time reversal asymmetry (TRA) and persistent probability current loops. These loops lead naturally to the notion of probability angular momenta, which play a role on the same footing as the noise covariance in stochastic processes. Illustrating with simulations of simple models and physical data, we present ways to detect these signals of TRA, from the subtle to the prominent.
description: 50 pages, 7 figures, invited submission to Special Issue
Simultaneous Resonant and Broadband Detection of Ultralight Dark Matter and High-Frequency Gravitational Waves via Cavities and Circuits
Creators: name: Chen, Yifan
name: Li, Chunlong
name: Liu, Yuxin
name: Shu, Jing
name: Yang, Yuting
name: Zeng, Yanjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic resonant systems, such as cavities and LC circuits, are widely used to detect ultralight boson dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves. However, the narrow bandwidth of single-mode resonators necessitates multiple scan steps to cover broad frequency ranges. By incorporating a network of auxiliary modes via beam-splitter-type and non-degenerate parametric couplings, we enable broadband detection with an effective bandwidth of each scan matching the order of the resonant frequency, while maintaining a strong signal response. In heterodyne upconversion detection, where a background cavity mode transitions into another due to a potential background source, multiple orders of the source frequency can be probed with high sensitivity without tuning the cavity frequency. Consequently, our method allows for significantly deeper exploration of the parameter space within the same integration time compared to single-mode detection.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Measuring the Effective Wavelength of CHARA Classic
Creators: name: Bowsher, Emily
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2010

description: This thesis presents an engineering project measuring the effective wavelength of the CHARA Classic beam combiner on the CHARA Array. Knowing the actual effective wavelength of light observed is very important because that value is necessary for determining astrophysical parameters of stars. Currently, the value used for CHARA Classic data comes from a model of the system and is based on numbers published by the manufacturer of the filter; it is not derived from measurements done on the system directly. We use two data collection methods to observe standard stars of different spectral types and calculate the wavelength of light recorded by the instrument for each star. We find the best estimate of the effective wavelength for the CHARA Classic K?-band configuration to be 2.138¤0.003?m, a 0.56% decrease from the previously adopted value of 2.150?m. Our result establishes the first estimate of the uncertainty in the effective wavelength.
Microvariability of the Blazar 3C279
Creators: name: Clemmons, Hannah
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2010

description: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are some of the most extreme objects in the universe. They output copious amounts of energy spanning the entire electromagnetic spectrum. There are many different subclasses of AGN depending on your viewing angle. Blazars, viewing down the relativistic jet, are the most variable class of AGN known. They exhibit extreme variability in all wavelengths on timescales as short as minutes. In this thesis I will consider the extreme faintness of 3C279 with respect to the long-term light curve as well as recent observations of microvariability. I am able to confirm small amplitude events using simultaneous observations from two telescopes and cross correlation analysis. Transitory quasi-periodic oscillations are observed during two of the nights with confirmed microvariability.
Possible spectral irregularities in the AMS-02 positron spectrum
Creators: name: Lv, Xing-Jian
name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Fang, Kun
name: Yin, Peng-Fei
name: Zhao, Meng-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excesses in the electron and positron spectra observed by many experiments, such as PAMELA and AMS-02, have sparked significant theoretical investigation. It is not easy to distinguish the two primary hypotheses dark matter annihilation/decay and pulsars from the spectral features. Should pulsars be the source of this excess, the expected variability in their distribution may introduce distinct irregularities in the positron energy spectrum. In this study, we use an irregularity estimator to detect these potential features in the positron energy spectrum of AMS-02. Our analysis of the current AMS-02 data reveals these spectral irregularities with a statistical significance of $1.75σ$. However, our projection indicates that, with AMS-02 data collected over a period of 20 years, such irregularities could be identified with a confidence level of $3σ$ level in 71\% of our simulations.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
On plus-one generated conic-line arrangements with simple singularities
Creators: name: Măcinic, Anca
name: Pokora, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N20, 14C20

description: In this paper we study plus-one generated arrangements of conics and lines in the complex projective plane with simple singularities. We provide several degree-wise classification results that allow us to construct explicit examples of such arrangements.
description: 14 pages, this version contains a new result Proposition 3.5. Accepted for publication in Rendiconti Lincei Matematica e Applicazioni
Breaking On-Chip Communication Anonymity using Flow Correlation Attacks
Creators: name: Weerasena, Hansika
name: Mishra, Prabhat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Network-on-Chip (NoC) is widely used to facilitate communication between components in sophisticated System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. Security of the on-chip communication is crucial because exploiting any vulnerability in shared NoC would be a goldmine for an attacker that puts the entire computing infrastructure at risk. We investigate the security strength of existing anonymous routing protocols in NoC architectures, making two pivotal contributions. Firstly, we develop and perform a machine learning (ML)-based flow correlation attack on existing anonymous routing techniques in Network-on-Chip (NoC) systems, revealing that they provide only packet-level anonymity. Secondly, we propose a novel, lightweight anonymous routing protocol featuring outbound traffic tunneling and traffic obfuscation. This protocol is designed to provide robust defense against ML-based flow correlation attacks, ensuring both packet-level and flow-level anonymity. Experimental evaluation using both real and synthetic traffic demonstrates that our proposed attack successfully deanonymizes state-of-the-art anonymous routing in NoC architectures with high accuracy (up to 99%) for diverse traffic patterns. It also reveals that our lightweight anonymous routing protocol can defend against ML-based attacks with minor hardware and performance overhead.
Remarks on soft ball packings in dimensions 2 and 3
Creators: name: Bezdek, Károly
name: Lángi, Zsolt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study translative arrangements of centrally symmetric convex domains in the plane (resp., of congruent balls in the Euclidean $3$-space) that neither pack nor cover. We define their soft density depending on a soft parameter and prove that the largest soft density for soft translative packings of a centrally symmetric convex domain with $3$-fold rotational symmetry and given soft parameter is obtained for a proper soft lattice packing. Furthermore, we show that among the soft lattice packings of congruent soft balls with given soft parameter the soft density is locally maximal for the corresponding face centered cubic (FCC) lattice.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Interplay of superexchange and vibronic effects in the hidden order of Ba$_2$MgReO$_6$ from first principles
Creators: name: Mosca, Dario Fiore
name: Franchini, Cesare
name: Pourovskii, Leonid V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the "hidden" quadrupolar and unconventional magnetic low-temperature orders observed in the spin-orbit double perovskite Ba$_2$MgReO$_6$ defies explanation through standard experimental and theoretical techniques. Here we address this problem by deriving and solving an ab initio low-temperature effective Hamiltonian including inter-site electronic exchange and vibronic (electron-lattice) couplings between $J_{eff}=3/2$ Jahn-Teller-active Rhenium states. Our findings disclose the nature of these elusive states, attributing it to intertwined exchange and electron-lattice couplings, thus diverging from the conventional dichotomy of purely electronic or lattice driving mechanisms. Our results indicate the resilience of the quadrupolar hidden order under pressure, yet its rapid suppression under uniaxial strain suggests that external or lattice-induced distortions play a pivotal role in determining the relative stability of competing phases in Ba$_2$MgReO$_6$ and similar $d^1$ double perovskites.
description: 6 pages + 18 pages of Supplementary, 4 Figures
Predicting phase transitions in PbTiO$_3$ using zentropy through quasiharmonic phonon calculations
Creators: name: Hew, Nigel Lee En
name: Shang, Shun-Li
name: Liu, Zi-Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, PbTiO$_3$ undergoes a phase transition from a tetragonal ferroelectric (FE) phase to a cubic paraelectric phase at 763 K. However, x-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) measurements indicate that PbTiO$_3$ is locally tetragonal even after the phase transition. The difference in these results is because XAFS measurements can probe local features of a structure, while XRD averages over such local features. For both measurements to be consistent, PbTiO$_3$ is macroscopically cubic but locally tetragonal after the phase transition. Despite this, most models, such as the Laundau-Ginsburg-Devonshire theory and effective Hamiltonians, are still unable to explain this phenomenon. Moreover, these methods involve model parameters fitted to experimental or theoretical data and do not consider other tetragonal configurations, such as domain walls, to predict the phase transition. In our previous study, we used our zentropy approach to predict the phase transition by considering the tetragonal FE ground-state configuration and the tetragonal 90° and 180° domain wall configurations with their total energies at 0 K. In this paper, the Helmholtz energies of the three configurations are obtained from density functional theory calculations through energy-volume curves and phonon calculations. The predicted phase transition temperature using the meta-GGA $r^2\text{SCAN}$ and revised multiplicities of configurations is 716 K, showing good agreement with the experimental value of 763 K.
description: 31 pages, 9 Figures, 3 Tables
Assessing the Effectiveness of Studio Physics at Georgia State University
Creators: name: Upton, Brianna
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2010

description: Previous studies have shown that many students have misconceptions about basic concepts in physics which persist after instruction.  It has been concluded that one of the challenges lies in the teaching methodology.  To address this, Georgia State University (GSU) has begun teaching studio algebra-based physics.  Although many institutions have implemented studio physics, most have done so in calculus-based sequences.  Additionally, the unique environment of GSU?s population as a diverse, urban research institution is considered.  The effectiveness of the studio approach for this demographic in an algebra-based introductory physics course was assessed.  This five-semester pilot study presents demographic survey results and compares the results of student pre- and post-tests using the Force Concept Inventory (FCI).  FCI results show that 1) the studio approach yields higher learning gains than the conventional course, 2) there are significant performance differences among ethnic groups, and 3) a gender gaps exists regardless of instructional method.
Optical Properties of In1-xGaxN Epilayers Grown by HPCVD
Creators: name: Wang, Jielei
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2010

description: Optical absorption spectroscopy has been applied to study properties such as the fundamental absorption edge and defect absorption centers of group III-nitride compound semiconductor epilayers. The investigation in this thesis focused on analyzing the band gap of indium-rich In1-xGaxN epilayers, which where grown by the high-pressure chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) technique. Our results - together with literature data for gallium-rich In1-xGaxN alloys indicate that the shift of the fundamental band gap of In1-xGaxN with composition x can be described with a bowing parameter of b = 2.2eV. Temperature dependent transmission measurements show that the band gap variation with temperature follows a S-shape behavior for small gallium concentration and shifts towards a Varshni type behavior for a higher gallium concentrations. The S-shape behavior is attributed to nanoscale compositional fluctuations/clustering in the ternary alloy system. The thicknesses of the measured In1-xGaxN epilayers have been analyzed through multilayer stack model calculations of the transmission spectra. The free electron concentration in the In1-xGaxN epilayers has been obtained from simulations of infrared reflectance spectra.
Halysidota brasiliensis
Creators: name: Vincent, Benoît
name: Laguerre, Michel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Halysidota
Halysidota brasiliensis

description: Halysidota brasiliensis (Rothschild, 1909)
Halisidota brasiliensis Rothschild, 1909b: 285.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Brazil, Paraná, Castro.
TYPE SPECIMEN. — Holotype female (BMNH).
description: Published as part of Vincent, Benoît & Laguerre, Michel, 2014, Catalogue of the Neotropical Arctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), pp. 137-533 in Zoosystema 36 (2) on page 317, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5395344
Tree-Averaging Algorithms for Ensemble-Based Unsupervised Discontinuous Constituency Parsing
Creators: name: Shayegh, Behzad
name: Wen, Yuqiao
name: Mou, Lili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address unsupervised discontinuous constituency parsing, where we observe a high variance in the performance of the only previous model in the literature. We propose to build an ensemble of different runs of the existing discontinuous parser by averaging the predicted trees, to stabilize and boost performance. To begin with, we provide comprehensive computational complexity analysis (in terms of P and NP-complete) for tree averaging under different setups of binarity and continuity. We then develop an efficient exact algorithm to tackle the task, which runs in a reasonable time for all samples in our experiments. Results on three datasets show our method outperforms all baselines in all metrics; we also provide in-depth analyses of our approach.
Quantum Effects on Dynamic Structure Factors in Dense Magnetized Plasmas
Creators: name: Mondal, Tushar
name: Gregori, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the classical magnetohydrodynamics formalism to include nonlocal quantum behavior via the phenomenological Bohm potential. We then solve the quantum magnetohydrodynamics equations to obtain a new analytical form of the dynamic structure factor (DSF), a fundamental quantity linking theory and experiments. Our results show that the three-peak structure -- one central Rayleigh peak and two Brillouin peaks -- of the DSF arising from quantum hydrodynamic fluctuations becomes (in general) a five-peak structure -- one central Rayleigh peak and two pairs of peaks associated with fast and slow magnetosonic waves. The Bohm contribution influences the positions and characteristics (height, width, and intensity) of the peaks by introducing three significant modifications: (a) an increase in effective thermal pressure, (b) a reduction in the adiabatic index, and (c) an enhancement of effective thermal diffusivity. The multiple DSF peaks enable concurrent measurements of diverse plasma properties, transport coefficients, and thermodynamic parameters in magnetized dense plasmas. The potential for experimental validation of our theory looms large, particularly through future experiments conducted at state-of-the-art laser facilities.
description: 13 pages including 5 figures and 1 table; Comments are welcome
Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC) Consensus-Based Guideline 2024 for Management and Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Future Directions for Development
Creators: name: Kim, Dennis Dong Hwan
name: Popradi, Gizelle
name: Lepic, Kylie
name: Paulson, Kristjan
name: Allan, David
name: Nampoothiri, Ram Vasudevan
name: Lachance, Sylvie
name: Deotare, Uday
name: White, Jennifer
name: Elemary, Mohamed
name: Jamani, Kareem
name: Fraga, Christina
name: Lemieux, Christopher
name: Novitzky-Basso, Igor
name: Law, Arjun Datt
name: Kumar, Rajat
name: Walker, Irwin
name: Schultz, Kirk R.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2024

description: This is a consensus-based Canadian guideline whose primary purpose is to standardize and facilitate the management of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) across the country. Creating uniform healthcare guidance in Canada is a challenge for a number of reasons including the differences in healthcare authority structure, funding and access to healthcare resources between provinces and territories, as well as the geographic size. These differences can lead to variable and unequal access to effective therapies for GvHD. This document will provide comprehensive and practical guidance that can be applied across Canada by healthcare professionals caring for patients with cGvHD. Hopefully, this guideline, based on input from GvHD treaters across the country, will aid in standardizing cGvHD care and facilitate access to much-needed novel therapies. This consensus paper aims to discuss the optimal approach to the initial assessment of cGvHD, review the severity scoring and global grading system, discuss systemic and topical treatments, as well as supportive therapies, and propose a therapeutic algorithm for frontline and subsequent lines of cGvHD treatment in adults and pediatric patients. Finally, we will make suggestions about the future direction of cGvHD treatment development such as (1) a mode-of-action-based cGvHD drug selection, according to the pathogenesis of cGvHD, (2) a combination strategy with the introduction of newer targeted drugs, (3) a steroid-free regimen, particularly for front line therapy for cGvHD treatment, and (4) a pre-emptive approach which can prevent the progression of cGvHD in high-risk patients destined to develop severe and highly morbid forms of cGvHD.
Supplementary document for Robust and Accuracy Calibration Method for a Binocular Camera Using a Novel Coding Planar Target - 5668521.pdf
Creators: name: Yin, Yulong
name: Zhu, Huabing
name: Yang, Pei
name: Yang, Zhaohui
name: liu, kai
name: Fu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The additional experiments implemented in our work
Learning to Discern: Imitating Heterogeneous Human Demonstrations with Preference and Representation Learning
Creators: name: Kuhar, Sachit
name: Cheng, Shuo
name: Chopra, Shivang
name: Bronars, Matthew
name: Xu, Danfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Practical Imitation Learning (IL) systems rely on large human demonstration datasets for successful policy learning. However, challenges lie in maintaining the quality of collected data and addressing the suboptimal nature of some demonstrations, which can compromise the overall dataset quality and hence the learning outcome. Furthermore, the intrinsic heterogeneity in human behavior can produce equally successful but disparate demonstrations, further exacerbating the challenge of discerning demonstration quality. To address these challenges, this paper introduces Learning to Discern (L2D), an offline imitation learning framework for learning from demonstrations with diverse quality and style. Given a small batch of demonstrations with sparse quality labels, we learn a latent representation for temporally embedded trajectory segments. Preference learning in this latent space trains a quality evaluator that generalizes to new demonstrators exhibiting different styles. Empirically, we show that L2D can effectively assess and learn from varying demonstrations, thereby leading to improved policy performance across a range of tasks in both simulations and on a physical robot.
description: To appear at the 7th Annual Conference on Robot Learning (CoRL) 2023
Environmental Impacts of the Brazilian Egg Industry: Life Cycle Assessment of the Battery Cage Production System
Creators: name: Maciel, Fabiane De Fátima
name: Gates, Richard Stephen
name: Tinôco, Ilda De Fátima Ferreira
name: Pelletier, Nathan
name: Ibarburu-Blanc, Maro A.
name: Renato, Natalia Dos Santos
name: Sousa, Fernanda Campos De
name: Andrade, Rafaella Resende
name: Silva, Guilherme Moreira De Melo
name: Becciolini, Valentina
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2024

description: Brazil stands as one of the world’s leading producers of animal protein, ranking sixth in global egg production. However, estimated growth in production demand, along with environmental impacts, represents a potential threat to the sustainability of the food system. Methods for assessing and quantifying the environmental impacts generated by Brazilian egg production remain scarce, lacking current reports on comparative effects or guiding standards. The objective of this study was to conduct a life cycle assessment from cradle to farm gate, adhering to ISO 14040 and 14044 standards, for the battery cage egg production systems and associated products in Brazil, with the aim of supporting and promoting sustainability improvements in the Brazilian egg industry. The entire life cycle modeling and process sustainability analysis were executed using the openLCA software, integrated with the Ecoinvent database. Emissions related to egg production yielded results of 65.06 kg SO2 eq., 27.74 kg N eq., 3086.71 kg CO2 eq., 75,152.66 CTUe, 2.75 × 10−5 CFC-11 eq., and 10,044.68 kg MJ eq. per ton of eggs produced. These findings can serve as comparative benchmarks for future studies and for analyzing data across different egg production systems in Brazil.
Revealing CNN Architectures via Side-Channel Analysis in Dataflow-based Inference Accelerators
Creators: name: Weerasena, Hansika
name: Mishra, Prabhat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used in various domains, including image recognition, medical diagnosis and autonomous driving. Recent advances in dataflow-based CNN accelerators have enabled CNN inference in resource-constrained edge devices. These dataflow accelerators utilize inherent data reuse of convolution layers to process CNN models efficiently. Concealing the architecture of CNN models is critical for privacy and security. This article evaluates memory-based side-channel information to recover CNN architectures from dataflow-based CNN inference accelerators. The proposed attack exploits spatial and temporal data reuse of the dataflow mapping on CNN accelerators and architectural hints to recover the structure of CNN models. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed side-channel attack can recover the structures of popular CNN models, namely, Lenet, Alexnet, VGGnet16, and YOLOv2.
Factors that Impact International Students? Learning of Introductory Physics at Georgia State University
Creators: name: Appiah, Eric
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2011

description: This study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative enquiry to focus on determining the most salient factors that affect international students? learning of introductory physics in Georgia State University. For purposes of the study, ?international students? were defined as those who attended high school in a country other than the US. These students comprise a significant portion of the physics courses at Georgia State, and this study was motivated by the desire to support their success. The study involved a collaboration with the newly emerging Physics and Astronomy Education Research Group who has recently begun the routine collection of student learning data in all of its introductory physics courses. The factors considered in the research design were informed by the literature on student learning for all students while including the possibility of new factors emerging in interviews with international students. Factors probed included students? previous study of mathematics, previous study of physics, language issues, pedagogical differences (i.e., style of teaching, classroom culture & environment) between GSU and the student?s country of origin. For international students who are proficient in English, classroom environment and culture (pedagogy) emerged as the most important factor. For International students who are not very proficient in English, language remains the most important factor. The effect of language issues on international students? learning of physics turned out to be more complex than originally considered. Some students understood instructors differently depending on what country the students come from and on what country the instructor comes from. Instructor office hours and general accessibility for addressing questions emerged as especially important options for international students who felt uncomfortable asking questions in front of the whole class. An unanticipated outcome of the study was to discover how the vast differences in the structure of high school mathematics education in non-US countries has serious implications for the way we advise and query international students in physics vis-?-vis their academic background before entering Georgia State.  Moreover, the study revealed that students who had taken a high school physics course generally scored no better than those who had not taken a high school course on a pre-test of conceptual knowledge in physics. However, students who had taken a physics class in high school had dramatically higher learning gains when given a post-test near the end of the Georgia State physics course. This phenomenon suggests that more consideration should be given to prior course-work in combination with a diagnostic pre-test to advise students about which math and physics courses to take when they arrive at Georgia State.
Halysidota yapacaniae Watson 1980
Creators: name: Vincent, Benoît
name: Laguerre, Michel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Erebidae
Halysidota
Halysidota yapacaniae

description: Halysidota yapacaniae Watson, 1980
Halysidota yapacaniae Watson, 1980: 29.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Bolivia, [Santa Cruz], Rio Yapacani.
TYPE SPECIMEN. — Holotype male (CMP).
description: Published as part of Vincent, Benoît & Laguerre, Michel, 2014, Catalogue of the Neotropical Arctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae), pp. 137-533 in Zoosystema 36 (2) on page 317, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5395344
Paragraph-to-Image Generation with Information-Enriched Diffusion Model
Creators: name: Wu, Weijia
name: Li, Zhuang
name: He, Yefei
name: Shou, Mike Zheng
name: Shen, Chunhua
name: Cheng, Lele
name: Li, Yan
name: Gao, Tingting
name: Zhang, Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Text-to-image (T2I) models have recently experienced rapid development, achieving astonishing performance in terms of fidelity and textual alignment capabilities. However, given a long paragraph (up to 512 words), these generation models still struggle to achieve strong alignment and are unable to generate images depicting complex scenes. In this paper, we introduce an information-enriched diffusion model for paragraph-to-image generation task, termed ParaDiffusion, which delves into the transference of the extensive semantic comprehension capabilities of large language models to the task of image generation. At its core is using a large language model (e.g., Llama V2) to encode long-form text, followed by fine-tuning with LORA to alignthe text-image feature spaces in the generation task. To facilitate the training of long-text semantic alignment, we also curated a high-quality paragraph-image pair dataset, namely ParaImage. This dataset contains a small amount of high-quality, meticulously annotated data, and a large-scale synthetic dataset with long text descriptions being generated using a vision-language model. Experiments demonstrate that ParaDiffusion outperforms state-of-the-art models (SD XL, DeepFloyd IF) on ViLG-300 and ParaPrompts, achieving up to 15% and 45% human voting rate improvements for visual appeal and text faithfulness, respectively. The code and dataset will be released to foster community research on long-text alignment.
description: The project website is at: https://weijiawu.github.io/ParaDiffusionPage/. Code: https://github.com/weijiawu/ParaDiffusion
A Study of the Lhires III Spectrograph on the Hard Labor Creek Observatory 20 inch Telescope
Creators: name: Jenkins, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2011

description: I present a study done to determine the characteristics of the LHIRES III spectrograph on the 20 inch RC Optics telescope at Hard Labor Creek Observatory. I describe the settings of three different diffraction gratings, collimation and focus issues, and practical aspects of use. The spectrograph was used with a SBIG ST-8XME camera for all studies. Data collection was accomplished with the Maxim DL software package and analysis was completed with IRAF. Solutions for the dispersion relation with all three diffraction gratings were found. Several projects are underway with this instrument. I present time series spectra of … Vir to demonstrate the practical applications of the spectrograph. This non-radially pulsating star shows Doppler shifts that were recorded in the Si III 4552, 4568, 4574  triplet over the course of a night. The observed profile variations showed the spectrograph capable of exacting scientific work.
Robustness-Reinforced Knowledge Distillation with Correlation Distance and Network Pruning
Creators: name: Kim, Seonghak
name: Ham, Gyeongdo
name: Cho, Yucheol
name: Kim, Daeshik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The improvement in the performance of efficient and lightweight models (i.e., the student model) is achieved through knowledge distillation (KD), which involves transferring knowledge from more complex models (i.e., the teacher model). However, most existing KD techniques rely on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, which has certain limitations. First, if the teacher distribution has high entropy, the KL divergence's mode-averaging nature hinders the transfer of sufficient target information. Second, when the teacher distribution has low entropy, the KL divergence tends to excessively focus on specific modes, which fails to convey an abundant amount of valuable knowledge to the student. Consequently, when dealing with datasets that contain numerous confounding or challenging samples, student models may struggle to acquire sufficient knowledge, resulting in subpar performance. Furthermore, in previous KD approaches, we observed that data augmentation, a technique aimed at enhancing a model's generalization, can have an adverse impact. Therefore, we propose a Robustness-Reinforced Knowledge Distillation (R2KD) that leverages correlation distance and network pruning. This approach enables KD to effectively incorporate data augmentation for performance improvement. Extensive experiments on various datasets, including CIFAR-100, FGVR, TinyImagenet, and ImageNet, demonstrate our method's superiority over current state-of-the-art methods.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication
BCS superconductivity in ionic hydrides using chemical capacitor setup
Creators: name: Szudlarek, Piotr
name: Renskers, Christopher
name: Margine, Elena R.
name: Grochala, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a novel chemical capacitor setup to facilitate metallization of ionic hydrides, LiH and MgH2. It turns out that the amount of holes doped to a single layer of these materials may reach 0.72 per H atom without structure collapse; concomitant maximum TC values exceed 17 K in the absence of external pressure for 0.31-hole-doped LiH supported on the LiBaF3 perovskite.
description: 6 pages, 1 table, 5 figures and graphical entry figure plus electronic supplement of 65 pages
Supplementary document for Robust and Accuracy Calibration Method for a Binocular Camera Using a Novel Coding Planar Target - 5668521.pdf
Creators: name: Yin, Yulong
name: Zhu, Huabing
name: Yang, Pei
name: Yang, Zhaohui
name: liu, kai
name: Fu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The additional experiments implemented in our work
Hybrid-order topology in unconventional magnets of Eu-based Zintl compounds with surface-dependent quantum geometry
Creators: name: Zhao, Yufei
name: Jiang, Yiyang
name: Bae, Hyeonhu
name: Das, Kamal
name: Li, Yongkang
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
name: Yan, Binghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exploration of magnetic topological insulators is instrumental in exploring axion electrodynamics and intriguing transport phenomena, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Here, we report that a family of magnetic compounds Eu$_{2n+1}$In$_{2}$(As,Sb)$_{2n+2}$ ($n=0,1,2$) exhibit both gapless Dirac surface states and chiral hinge modes. Such a hybrid-order topology hatches surface-dependent quantum geometry. By mapping the responses into real space, we demonstrate the existence of chiral hinge modes along the $c$ direction, which originate from the half-quantized anomalous Hall effect on two gapped $ac$/$bc$ facets due to Berry curvature, while the unpinned Dirac surface states on the gapless $ab$ facet generate an intrinsic nonlinear anomalous Hall effect due to the quantum metric. When Eu$_{3}$In$_{2}$As$_{4}$ is polarized to the ferromagnetic phase by an external magnetic field, it becomes an ideal Weyl semimetal with a single pair of type-I Weyl points and no extra Fermi pocket. Our work predicts rich topological states sensitive to magnetic structures, quantum geometry-induced transport and topological superconductivity if proximitized with a superconductor.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Brain Tissue Temperature Dynamics during Functional Activity and Possibilities for Optical Measurement Techniques
Creators: name: Rothmeier, Greggory
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2012

description: Regional tissue temperature dynamics in the brain are determined by the balance of the metabolic heat production rate and heat exchange with blood flowing through capillaries embedded in the brain tissue, the surrounding tissues and the environment. Local changes in blood flow and metabolism during functional activity can upset this balance and induce transient temperature changes. Invasive experimental studies in animal models have estab- lished that the brain temperature changes during functional activity are observable and a definitive relationship exists between temperature and brain activity. We present a theoreti- cal framework that links tissue temperature dynamics with hemodynamic activity allowing us to non-invasively estimate brain temperature changes from experimentally measured blood- oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. With this unified approach, we are able to pinpoint the mechanisms for hemodynamic activity-related temperature increases and decreases. In addition to these results, the potential uses and limitations of optical measurements are dis- cussed.
PLUM: Improving Inference Efficiency By Leveraging Repetition-Sparsity Trade-Off
Creators: name: Kuhar, Sachit
name: Jain, Yash
name: Tumanov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficient inference of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained edge devices is essential. Quantization and sparsity are key techniques that translate to repetition and sparsity within tensors at the hardware-software interface. This paper introduces the concept of repetition-sparsity trade-off that helps explain computational efficiency during inference. We propose PLUM, a unified co-design framework that integrates DNN inference systems and quantization (forward and backward pass) to leverage the repetition-sparsity trade-off to improve inference efficiency. Our results demonstrate that PLUM's quantization method is more accurate than binary quantization with the same number of non-zero weights. Detailed analysis indicates that signed binarization generates a smaller distribution of effectual (non-zero) parameters nested within a larger distribution of total parameters of latent full-precision weights for a DNN block. Finally, the proposed PLUM framework achieves a 26% speedup on real hardware, doubles energy efficiency, and reduces density by 2.8x compared to binary methods while retaining top-1 accuracy when compared to prior-art methods for ResNets on ImageNet (by achieving 66.2% top-1 accuracy), presenting an alternative solution for deploying efficient models in resource-limited environments.
description: OpenReview: https://openreview.net/forum?id=IEKtMMSblm
Optimal Data Generation in Multi-Dimensional Parameter Spaces, using Bayesian Optimization
Creators: name: Mahani, M. R.
name: Nechepurenko, Igor A.
name: Rahimof, Yasmin
name: Wicht, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acquiring a substantial number of data points for training accurate machine learning (ML) models is a big challenge in scientific fields where data collection is resource-intensive. Here, we propose a novel approach for constructing a minimal yet highly informative database for training ML models in complex multi-dimensional parameter spaces. To achieve this, we mimic the underlying relation between the output and input parameters using Gaussian process regression (GPR). Using a set of known data, GPR provides predictive means and standard deviation for the unknown data. Given the predicted standard deviation by GPR, we select data points using Bayesian optimization to obtain an efficient database for training ML models. We compare the performance of ML models trained on databases obtained through this method, with databases obtained using traditional approaches. Our results demonstrate that the ML models trained on the database obtained using Bayesian optimization approach consistently outperform the other two databases, achieving high accuracy with a significantly smaller number of data points. Our work contributes to the resource-efficient collection of data in high-dimensional complex parameter spaces, to achieve high precision machine learning predictions.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Three-dimensional simulations of the magnetorotational instability in eccentric disks
Creators: name: Chan, Chi-Ho
name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Krolik, Julian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previously we demonstrated that the magnetorotational instability (MRI) grows vigorously in eccentric disks, much as it does in circular disks, and we investigated the nonlinear development of the eccentric MRI without vertical gravity. Here we explore how vertical gravity influences the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence stirred by the eccentric MRI. Similar to eccentric disks without vertical gravity, the ratio of Maxwell stress to pressure, or the Shakura--Sunyaev alpha parameter, remains ~0.01, and the local sign flip in the Maxwell stress persists. Vertical gravity also introduces two new effects. Strong vertical compression near pericenter amplifies reconnection and dissipation, weakening the magnetic field. Angular momentum transport by MHD stresses broadens the mass distribution over eccentricity at much faster rates than without vertical gravity; as a result, spatial distributions of mass and eccentricity can be substantially modified in just ~5 to 10 orbits. MHD stresses in the eccentric debris of tidal disruption events may power emission $\gtrsim$1 yr after disruption.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 4 appendices, published in ApJ
A Perspective on Plastics and Microplastics Contamination in Garden Soil in British Columbia, Canada
Creators: name: Falconi, Isabela Brandolis Alves
name: Mackay, Melanie
name: Zafar, Geety
name: Holuszko, M. E.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2024

description: Plastic contamination is commonly reported in urban and rural soils, as well as in fresh and ocean waters. Canada’s government has attempted to limit the contamination of single-use plastic by banning the manufacturing and selling of specific types of plastic. In British Columbia, current regulations governing commercial composting state that when compost has less than 1% of its dry weight representing foreign materials (including plastic), it can be sold and used in soils. However, due to the low density of plastic and its potential to break down into microparticles, this amount may be enough to become toxic when used in agricultural soils. This paper studies contamination of plastic in garden soils and summarizes how this can affect the environment with a preliminary examination of a garden soil sample. The examination showed that the garden soil sample contained mainly low-density polyethylene, polyethylene and polypropylene plastics (identified through ATR-FTIR) in oxidized and unoxidized forms that can come from commercial composting and hypothesizes that this plastic could break down into microplastic particles. In order to limit the amount of plastic contamination in agricultural soils, it is necessary to modify current compost regulations in order to treat plastic differently than other foreign materials (glass, metal, wood).