Cis caramelo Rosa-Oliveira, Borlini & Lopes-Andrade 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Rosa-Oliveira, Ayessa
name: Borlini, Paula Vieira
name: Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Ciidae
Cis
Cis caramelo

description: Cis caramelo Rosa-Oliveira, Borlini & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov.
Figs 1a–j, 2a–c, 3a–d, 4 a-d, 5
Type locality. Cariacica, in the state of Espírito Santo (20°15'S 40°23'W), Southeast Regions of Brazil.
Etymology. From the Portuguese word "caramelo ", which primarily refers to the sweet made from heated sugar, with an orange-brown color and characteristic flavor. In Brazil, the word is also used to designate mongrel dogs with predominantly brown or gold fur, which are found throughout the country. It is a reference to the color variation (orange-brown to dark brown) and the wide occurrence of the species.
Diagnosis. Pronotum punctation dual; macropunctures coarse, dense, each with a short bristle; micropunctures about 0.2× as long as macropunctures. Elytra with dual, confused punctation; each micropuncture with a bristle as long as or longer than those on pronotum; macropunctures, glabrous. Prosternum tumid, not carinate. In males (Fig. 1a–d), the anterocephalic edge is slightly produced forward to form two short subtriangular plates, the anterior portion of the pronotal disc is broadly impressed, with anterior edge slightly produced forward to form two subtriangular plates with rounded apices, the protibial tooth is larger than that of females and the first abdominal ventrite has a distinct setose sex patch (Fig. 1e–f). Cis caramelo sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Cis aster Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2017 from South Africa, but differs in the morphology of the aedeagus, with a wide tegmen (Fig. 1i) lacking acute tips on the sides, and a penis (Fig. 1j) wide and sclerotized at its basal portion, abruptly narrowed and membranous apically, and in the possession of an abdominal setose sex patch (Fig. 1e–f).
Description. Holotype (Fig. 1a–c). Male adult fully pigmented and in good condition. Measurements in mm: TL 2.43, PL 0.98, PW 1.15, EL 1.45, EW 1.15, GD 0.93. Ratios: PL/PW 0.85, EL/EW 1.26, EL/PL 1.49, GD/EW 0.8, TL/EW 2.11. Body oblong, convex, dorsum and venter orange-brown; dorsal vestiture of bristles longer than one macropuncture-width; ventral vestiture of yellow, slender decumbent setae. Head with apical edge visible from above; anterocephalic edge slightly projected forward into a laminar plate emarginate at apex to form two short subtriangular projections. Antennae with ten antennomeres, as follows (in mm, left antenna measured): 0.13; 0.08; 0.10; 0.07; 0.05; 0.05; 0.04; 0.10; 0.10; 0.13 (FL 0.31, CL 0.33, CL/FL 1.07). Eyes finely faceted, with about 70 ommatidia; GW 0,22mm. Gula 0.3× as wide as head; area surrounding gula and submentum markedly punctate. Pronotum with dense punctation; punctures distant from each other by about a puncture-width; interspaces, microreticulate; vestiture indistinctly dual, each macropuncture bearing one bristle about 0.02–0.03 mm long; anterior edge slightly projected forward into an upwardly curved plate, emarginate at apex to form two short subtriangular horns; anterior portion before horns broadly impressed; lateral edges finely crenulate, not visible when seen from above. Scutellar shield triangular with a few punctures and bristles; BW 0.13; SL 0.08. Elytra with dual and confused punctation; each macropuncture coarse, deep, glabrous; vestiture indistinctly dual, each micropuncture bearing one bristle about 0.03–0.05 mm long; interspaces, softly microreticulate. Metathoracic wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera subglabrous with shallow punctation; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternum biconcave, slightly elevated at middle; surface, microreticulate. Prosternal process about as long as the prosternal disc, slightly narrowed at the middle, curved inward in lateral view (Fig. 1b). Protibiae about 4× as long as maximum width (at apex); outer apical angle strongly produced to form a tooth. Meso- and metatibiae about 5× and 4.5× as long as wide, respectively; outer apical angle rounded. Metaventrite subglabrous, with shallow punctures; interspaces, microreticulate; discrimen about half the length of metaventrite at midline. Abdominal ventrites microreticulate, with shallow punctures; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.32, 0.12, 0.11, 0.10, 0.15; first abdominal ventrite with a circular, margined setose sex patch close to the posterior margin, with a transverse diameter of 0.10 mm. Male abdominal terminalia in a paratype (Fig. 1g –j) with sternite VIII (Fig. 1g) with posterior margin emarginate, sides rounded and bearing long setae; anterior edge membranous. Basal piece (Fig. 1h) subtriangular, longer than wide. Tegmen (Fig. 1i) subparallelside, 4× as long as wide, devoid of lateral angulations or excavations, with a more membranous apical portion and sclerotization at the middle which give the appearance of a wrench. Penis (Fig. 1j) almost as long as the tegmen, 5× as long as wide; elongated and membranous at the apex, more sclerotized in the center and wider at the base.
Female (Fig. 2a). Similar to males except for the absence of cephalic and pronotal ornaments, and abdominal sex patch. Anterocephalic edge slightly produced forward to form a short plate. Outer apical angle of protibiae produced to form a tooth, however smaller than that in males. Female abdominal terminalia in a paratype (Fig. 2b–c) with ovipositor (Fig. 2b) about as long as spiculum ventrale (Fig. 2c); gonocoxites (excluding gonostyli) 0.7× as long as paraprocts, transversely divided ventrally forming three lobes on each side, each apical lobe as long as the other two combined; proctigeral opening lying close to the limit between paraprocts and gonocoxites; gonostyli 4.6× as long as wide, each with a long apical setae and two short setae just before the apex.
Measurements (in mm) and ratios of adults. Males (n = 26): TL 1.60–2.55 (2.04 ± 0.30), PL 0.60–0.98 (0.77 ± 0.14), PW 0.73–1.15 (0.94 ± 0.15), EL 1.0–1.58 (1.27 ± 0.17), EW 0.75–1.20 (0.96 ± 0.14), GD 0.58–0.95 (0.74 ± 0.12), PL/PW 0.69–0.87 (0.82 ± 0.04), EL/EW 1.18–1.53 (1.33 ± 0.07), EL/PL 1.49–1.92 (1.67 ± 0.12), GD/EW 0.69–0.81 (0.77 ± 0.03), TL/EW 1.87–2.34 (2.13 ± 0.09). Females (n = 24): TL 1.48–2.43 (1.96 ± 0.19), PL 0.53–0.80 (0.69 ± 0.07), PW 0.70–1.08 (0.89 ± 0.08), EL 0.95–1.63 (1.27 ± 0.13), EW 0.70–1.18 (0.93 ± 0.10), GD 0.55–0.85 (0.72 ± 0.08), PL/PW 0.74–0.82 (0.77 ± 0.02), EL/EW 1.27–1.46 (1.36 ± 0.06), EL/PL 1.66–2.08 (1.84 ± 0.12), GD/EW 0.66–0.85 (0.77 ± 0.04), TL/EW 2.0–2.20 (2.10 ± 0.06).
Variation between adults. Some males have less developed cephalic and pronotal ornaments (Fig. 1d). There is a conspicuous variation in size and shape of the abdominal setose sex patch (Fig. 2e–f) of males, which may be from large and circular to small and oval, the length varying from 0.25× to 0.40× as long as the ventrite at midline. Among individuals (n = 20) we compared more carefully, the smaller males have a small oval sex patch, while the larger males have a large circular sex patch, and this variation was observed within populations.
Type series. Holotype ♂ (CELC), labeled “ BRASIL: ES, Cariacica, Nova Rosa da Penha 16.vi.2023 Durão, A. leg. \ Cis caramelo Rosa-Oliveira, Borlini & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS ” [printed on red paper]. Paratypes: 50 specimens (CELC; 4 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ dissected), same locality data as the holotype; 3 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ (CELC) “ BRASIL: ES, Cariacica, Nova Rosa da Penha 16.vi.2023 Durão, A. leg. \ ex Trametes versicolor ” 9 ♂♂ and 7 ♀♀ (CELC: 7 ♂♂ and 5 ♀♀, including 2 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ dissected; CERPE: 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀) “ Brasil: PE, Camaragibe Aldeia, km 8,5, Condomínio Vila Bela; ii, 2016; leg. P. Grossi \ 120 MASL; inside basidiome of Perenniporia? sp. growing on Ficus sp. exposed to sunlight”; 5 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (CELC; 1 ♂ dissected) “ BR: MA, Riachão iii.2015 leg. S. Dantas \ ex Rigidoporus sp. ”; 2 ♂♂ and 5 ♀ (CELC; 1 ♂ dissected) “ BR: PA, Belém Museu Emílio Goeldi c. pesquisa 26.viii.2016 leg. V. E. Sandoval ”.
Eggs (Fig. 3a, arrows). Cylindrical, white, about 0.2 mm wide and 0.5 mm long, oviposited in the pores of the basidiomes.
Larvae (Figs 3b–c, 4a–d). Elongate, about 2 mm long, cylindrical, white to light yellowish, with long and short bristles spread all over the body. Head with 3 pairs of pigmented stemmata; frontal arms V-shaped. Antennae 2-segmented, with a long seta at apex and a sensory appendage twice as long as the second antennomere. Mandibles sclerotized, robust, triangular, almost symmetrical, mobile, with narrow apex. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented, the apical palpomere as long as the first and second combined. Labial papi 2-segmented. Prothorax longer than meso- and metathorax. Legs well developed, with wide coxa and triangular trochanter, bearing some long and spaced bristles.Abdomen with nine segments visible dorsally; segments I–VIII each with a pair of annular spiracles, located laterally, with long accessory tubes. IX tergite with a slightly concave plate and a pair of dark brown, very sclerotized urogomphi, conic and curved upwards, tuberculated and not ringed, distant from each other approximately 1.5× the basal width of an urogomphus.
Pupae (Fig. 3d). White, with long and short bristles all over the body. Head not visible from above. IX segment with a pair of sclerotized urogomphi apically.
Host fungi. Single breeding records in Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (Polyporaceae), Perenniporia sp. (Polyporaceae) and Rigidoporus sp. (Meripilaceae).
Distribution (Fig. 5). Cis caramelo sp. nov. is known from four localities within Brazil: one in the Southeast Region (Cariacica, in the state of Espírito Santo), two in the Northeast Region (Camaragibe, in the state of Pernambuco and Riachão, in the state of Maranhão) and one in the North Region (Belém, in the state of Pará).
description: Published as part of Rosa-Oliveira, Ayessa, Borlini, Paula Vieira & Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, 2024, A new species of Cis Latreille (Coleoptera: Ciidae) widespread in Brazil but with similarities to the African fauna, pp. 381-390 in Zootaxa 5538 (4) on pages 382-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/14239609