cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
THE LABOUR RESPONSE OF QUASI-SUBSISTENT VILLAGE CRAFTSMEN IN RURAL PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Creators: name: Philp, Norman E.
name: Philp, Norman E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: In this study of labour-leisure choice, a labour supply equation is derived from a Stone-Geary utility function and extended to incorporate several 'non-economic' variables. Such variables are made functions of the 'minimum subsistence' quantities which characterise the standard Stone-Geary model. The model is then estimated on cross-sectional data obtained from a field survey of quasi-subsistent piece rate producer-consumers living and working in a number of New Guinean villages. Approximately two-thirds of the observed variation in the weekly work commitment of the sampled workers was explained by the model. The response of cash work commitment to variation in earning rates was found, on average, to be highly inelastic and slightly negative in direction. The econometric approach adopted herein is offered as an alternative to the less formal analyses of Melanesian labour response hitherto undertaken by economic anthropologists.
Clustered Massive Star Formation in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Tan, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review some important questions in the field of massive star formation: What are the initial conditions for proto star clusters and how do they arise? What are the initial conditions for individual massive star formation within star clusters? How do massive protostars accumulate their mass? I compare the Turbulent Core Model (McKee & Tan 2003) to several nearby regions, including Orion KL. Here I also discuss the origin of BN's high proper motion.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, invited review, to appear in "Massive Star Birth - A Crossroads of Astrophysics" (CUP), eds. R. Cesaroni, E. Churchwell, M. Felli, and C. M. Walmsley
PRICING EFFICIENCY IN THE RETAIL MEAT MARKET
Creators: name: Naughtin, John C.
name: Quilkey, John J.
name: Naughtin, John C.
name: Quilkey, John J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The degree of pricing efficiency achieved in the retail meat market is reconsidered in this paper. The approach adopted is to develop an economic model of the pricing behaviour of retail butchers, to postulate a behavioural model consistent with the economic model, and to test this model using the data supplied by three retail butchers. The results indicate that the deleterious effects of price levelling and averaging practices on pricing efficiency may have been understated in earlier studies. It is concluded that further research is required to re-assess the extent of the problem of pricing efficiency in the retail meat market.
Phase retrieval from sampled Gabor transform magnitudes: Counterexamples
Creators: name: Alaifari, Rima
name: Wellershoff, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94A12, 94A20

description: We consider the recovery of square-integrable signals from discrete, equidistant samples of their Gabor transform magnitude and show that, in general, signals can not be recovered from such samples. In particular, we show that for any lattice, one can construct functions in $L^2(\mathbb{R})$ which do not agree up to global phase but whose Gabor transform magnitudes sampled on the lattice agree. These functions have good concentration in both time and frequency and can be constructed to be real-valued for rectangular lattices.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure; fixed a minor typo
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FARMERS' GOALS AND FARM ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: SOME EMPIRICS OF A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH
Creators: name: Cary, John W.
name: Holmes, Bill
name: Cary, John W.
name: Holmes, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Farm Management

description: A knowledge of farmers' goals provides an important basis for understanding farmers' preferences for, and choices among, various farm adjustment strategies. Such information is also valuable in estimating the acceptability to farmers of various government measures to assist rural adjustment. The goals of Queensland graziers, with and without a history of farm expansion, are compared. Different adjustment strategies are analysed in terms of the ways in which they satisfy different individual goals. A dimensional analysis of relationships among goals and adjustment strategies reveals that, for those willing to expand but without a history of expansion, income and social goals are at odds with each other. For these graziers, property expansion seemed to be the strategy most likely to meet both these goals. For graziers with a history of expansion, income goals were complementary with social goals.
Deconfinement and CP-breaking at $θ=π$ in Yang-Mills theories and a novel phase for SU(2)
Creators: name: Chen, Shi
name: Fukushima, Kenji
name: Nishimura, Hiromichi
name: Tanizaki, Yuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the deconfinement and the CP-breaking phase transitions at $θ=π$ in Yang-Mills theories. The 't Hooft anomaly matching prohibits the confined phase with CP symmetry and requires $T_{dec}(θ=π) \le T_{CP}$, where $T_{dec}(θ=π)$ and $T_{CP}$ denote the deconfinement and the CP-restoration temperatures, respectively, at $θ=π$. We analytically study these two phase transitions in softly-broken $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories on small $\mathbb{R}^3\times S^1$ with the periodic boundary condition for gluinos. For most gauge groups except SU(2) in this model, we find that the inequality is saturated, so deconfinement and CP restoration occur simultaneously. We demonstrate special features of the SU(2) gauge theory: There is a finite window of two temperatures, $T_{dec}(π)
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Nature of the phase transition of the three-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg spin glass
Creators: name: Hukushima, K.
name: Kawamura, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibrium properties of the three-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg spin glass are studied by extensive Monte Carlo simulations, with particular attention to the nature of its phase transition. A finite-size-scaling analysis is performed both for the spin-glass (SG) and the chiral-glass (CG) orders. Our results suggest that the model exhibits the CG long-range order at finite temperatures without accompanying the conventional SG long-range order, in contrast to some of the recent works claiming the simultaneous SG and CG transition. Typical length and time scales which represent a crossover from the spin-chirality coupling regime at short scales to the spin-chirality decoupling regime at long scales are introduced and examined in order to observe the true asymptotic transition behavior. On the basis of these crossover scales, discussion is given concerning the cause of the discrepancy between our present result and those of other recent numerical works.
description: 22 pages, 26 figures, minor changes
Results and Future Prospects for Muon (g-2)
Creators: name: Roberts, B. Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin physics had its beginnings in the famous experiments of Stern and Gerlach, which eventually resulted in the postulation of spin by Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck. The Stern-Gerlach experiment told us that the $g$-value of the electron was 2, but we now know that because of radiative corrections, the $g$-value of the leptons is slightly greater than 2, the lowest-order contribution being $α/π$, where $α$ is the fine-structure constant. Measurements of the magnetic dipole moments of the electron and muon have played a major role in our understanding of QED and of the standard model. In this talk I discuss the progress on measurements and theory of the magnetic dipole moment of the muon.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, Invited plenary talk at SPIN2004, Trieste
THE REPRESENTATION OF RISK IN ECONOMETRIC MODELS OF SUPPLY: SOME OBSERVATIONS
Creators: name: Brennan, John P.
name: Brennan, John P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The high correlation between many of the measures used to represent risk in econometric models of supply is demonstrated. A case is made for a very simple measure, the moving range, to be used to represent risk in these models.
Electronic transport in an array of quasi-particles in the nu=5/2 non-abelian quantum Hall state
Creators: name: Grosfeld, Eytan
name: Stern, Ady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Moore-Read Pfaffian $ν=5/2$ quantum Hall state is a p-wave super-conductor of composite fermions. Small deviations from $ν=5/2$ result in the formation of an array of vortices within this super-conductor, each supporting a Majorana zero mode near its core. Here we consider how tunneling between these cores is reflected in the electronic response to an electric field of non-zero wave vector $\bf q$ and frequency $ω$. We find a mechanism for dissipative transport at frequencies below the $ν=5/2$ gap, and calculate the ${\bf q},ω$ dependence of the dissipative conductivity. The contributions we find depend exponentially on $|ν-5/2|^{-1/2}$.
description: 4 pages
Order indices and entanglement production in quantum systems
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The review is devoted to two important quantities characterizing many-body systems, order indices and the measure of entanglement production. Order indices describe the type of order distinguishing statistical systems. Contrary to the order parameters characterizing systems in the thermodynamic limit and describing long-range order, the order indices are applicable to finite systems and classify all types of orders, including long-range, mid-range, and short-range orders. The measure of entanglement production quantifies the amount of entanglement produced in a many-partite system by a quantum operation. Despite that the notions of order indices and entanglement production seem to be quite different, there is an intimate relation between them, which is emphasized in the review.
description: Latex file, 41 pages, no figures
Thermodynamic properties of the ferrimagnetic spin chains in the presence of a magnetic field
Creators: name: Abouie, J.
name: Ghasemi, S. A.
name: Langari, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have implemented three approaches to describe the thermodynamic properties of ferrimagnetic ($S=5/2, s=2$) spin chains. The application of cumulant expansion has been generalized to the ferrimagnetic chain in the presence of an external magnetic field. Using cumulants, we have obtained the field dependent effective Hamiltonian in terms of the classical variables up to the second order of quantum corrections. Thermodynamic functions, the internal energy, the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility are obtained from the effective Hamiltonian. We have also examined the modified spin wave theory to derive the same physical properties. Finally, we have studied our model using quantum Monte Carlo simulation to obtain accurate results. The comparison of the above results and also the high temperature series expansion shows that cumulant expansion gives good results for moderate and high temperature regions while the modified spin wave theory is good for low temperatures. Moreover, the convergence regions of the cumulant expansion and the modified spin wave theory overlap each other which propose these two as a set of complement methods to get the thermodynamic properties of spin models.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Discovery of multi-seeded multi-mode formation of embedded clusters in the Rosette Molecular Complex
Creators: name: Li, J. Z.
name: Smith, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An investigation based on data from the spatially complete 2MASS Survey reveals that a remarkable burst of clustered star formation is taking place throughout the south-east quadrant of the Rosette Molecular Cloud. Compact clusters are forming in a multi-seeded mode, in parallel and at various places. In addition, sparse aggregates of embedded young stars are extensively distributed. In this study, we report the primary results and implications for high-mass and clustered star formation in giant molecular clouds. In particular, we incorporate for the first time the birth of medium to low-mass stars into the scenario of sequential formation of OB clusters. Following the emergence of the young OB cluster NGC 2244, a variety of manifestations of forming clusters of medium to high mass appear in the vicinity of the swept-up layer of the H{\small II} region as well as further into the molecular cloud. The embedded clusters appear to form in a structured manner, which suggests they follow tracks laid out by the decay of macroturbulence. We address the possible origins of the turbulence. This leads us to propose a tree model to interpret the neat spatial distribution of clusters within a large section of the Rosette complex. Prominent new generation OB clusters are identified at the root of the tree pattern.
description: 5 figures
MAURITIUS
Creators: name: Beintema, Nienke M.
name: Ramkissoon, Jairaj
name: Icochea, Olympia
name: Beintema, Nienke M.
name: Ramkissoon, Jairaj
name: Icochea, Olympia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in agricultural research in Mauritius since the early 1990s using new survey data collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR 2002).
Stabilization mechanism of clathrate H cages in a room-temperature superconductor LaH$_{10}$
Creators: name: Yi, Seho
name: Wang, Chongze
name: Jeon, Hyunsoo
name: Cho, Jun-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lanthanum hydride LaH$_{10}$ with a sodalitelike clathrate structure was experimentally realized to exhibit a room-temperature superconductivity under megabar pressures. Based on first-principles calculations, we reveal that the metal framework of La atoms has the excess electrons at interstitial regions. Such anionic electrons are easily captured to form a stable clathrate structure of H cages. We thus propose that the charge transfer from La to H atoms is mostly driven by the electride property of the La framework. Further, the interaction between La atoms and H cages induces a delocalization of La-5$p$ semicore states to hybridize with H-1$s$ state. Consequently, the bonding nature between La atoms and H cages is characterized as a mixture of ionic and covalent. Our findings demonstrate that anionic and semicore electrons play important roles in stabilizing clathrate H cages in LaH$_{10}$, which can be broadly applicable to other high-pressure rare-earth hydrides with clathrate structures.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Measurement of Reactor Antineutrino Flux and Spectrum at RENO
Creators: name: Yoon, S. G.
name: Seo, H.
name: Atif, Z.
name: Choi, J. H.
name: Jang, H. I.
name: Jang, J. S.
name: Jeon, S. H.
name: Joo, K. K.
name: Ju, K.
name: Jung, D. E.
name: Kim, J. G.
name: Kim, J. H.
name: Kim, J. Y.
name: Kim, S. B.
name: Kim, S. Y.
name: Kim, W.
name: Kwon, E.
name: Lee, D. H.
name: Lee, H. G.
name: Lim, I. T.
name: Moon, D. H.
name: Pac, M. Y.
name: Seo, J. W.
name: Shin, C. D.
name: Yang, B. S.
name: Yoo, J.
name: Yeo, I. S.
name: Yu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The RENO experiment reports measured flux and energy spectrum of reactor electron antineutrinos\,($\overlineν_e$) from the six reactors at Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. The measurements use 966\,094\,(116\,111)\,$\overlineν_e$ candidate events with a background fraction of 2.39\%\,(5.13\%), acquired in the near\,(far) detector, from August 2011 to March 2020. The inverse beta decay (IBD) yield is measured as (5.852$\,\pm\,$0.124$) \times 10^{-43}$\,cm$^2$/fission, corresponding to 0.941\,$\pm$ 0.019 of the prediction by the Huber and Mueller (HM) model. A reactor $\overlineν_e$ spectrum is obtained by unfolding a measured IBD prompt spectrum. The obtained neutrino spectrum shows a clear excess around 6\,MeV relative to the HM prediction. The obtained reactor $\overlineν_e$ spectrum will be useful for understanding unknown neutrino properties and reactor models. The observed discrepancies suggest the next round of precision measurements and modification of the current reactor $\overlineν_e$ models.
Unification of Electromagnetism and Gravitation in the Framework of General Geometry
Creators: name: Shahverdiyev, Shervgi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new geometry, called General geometry, is constructed. It is proven that its the most simplest special case is geometry underlying Electromagnetism. Another special case is Riemannian geometry. Action for electromagnetic field and Maxwell equations are derived from curvature function of geometry underlying Electromagnetism. It is shown that equation of motion for a particle interacting with electromagnetic field coincides exactly with equation for geodesics of geometry underlying Electromagnetism. It is also shown that Electromagnetism can not be geometrized in the framework of Riemannian geometry. Using General Geometry we propose a unified model of electromagnetism and gravitation which reproduces Electromagnetism and Gravitation and predicts that electromagnetic field is a source for gravitational field. This theory is formulated in four dimensional spacetime and does not contain additional fields.
description: Talk presented at the International Workshop on Particles and Fields --3, September 13-17, 2004, Baky, Azerbaijan
von Galli, Mario / Moosbrugger, Bernhard, Das Konzil und seine Folgen
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 16 Nr. 2 (1967): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 16, Heft 2
MADAGASCAR
Creators: name: Beintema, Nienke M.
name: Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo
name: Randriamanamisa, Rivonjaka
name: Beintema, Nienke M.
name: Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo
name: Randriamanamisa, Rivonjaka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Le présent document étudie les principaux investissements réalisés dans la recherche publique agricole à Madagascar et les tendances institutionnelles apparues dans ce domaine depuis le début des années 90 en se basant sur une nouvelle série d’enquêtes rassemblées dans le cadre du projet sur les indicateurs relatifs aux sciences et technologies agricoles ou ASTI (IFPRI–ISNAR–ASARECA 2001–02).
A fuzzy classification using a Type-2 fuzzy model in social networks
Creators: name: Bastani, Susan
name: Naderipour, Mansoureh
name: Zarandi, Mohammad Fazel
name: Turksen, Burhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140219 Welfare Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140218 Urban and Regional Economics
subject: 140217 Transport Economics
subject: 130108 Technical, Further and Workplace Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 130106 Secondary Education
subject: 140215 Public Economics- Taxation and Revenue
subject: 140214 Public Economics- Publically Provided Goods
subject: 140213 Public Economics- Public Choice
subject: 130105 Primary Education (excl. Maori)
subject: 140104 Microeconomic Theory
subject: 140212 Macroeconomics (incl. Monetary and Fiscal Theory)
subject: 140210 International Economics and International Finance
subject: 140209 Industry Economics and Industrial Organisation
subject: 140101 History of Economic Thought
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: 149903 Heterodox Economics
subject: 140208 Health Economics
subject: 140206 Experimental Economics
subject: 140205 Environment and Resource Economics
subject: 130199 Education systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Education
subject: 149999 Economics not elsewhere classified
subject: 140204 Economics of Education
subject: Economics
subject: 140199 Economic Theory not elsewhere classified
subject: 140303 Economic Models and Forecasting
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: 140202 Economic Development and Growth
subject: 140399 Econometrics not elsewhere classified
subject: 149902 Ecological Economics
subject: 130102 Early Childhood Education (excl. Maori)
subject: 149901 Comparative Economic Systems
subject: 140299 Applied Economics not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper, we study a type-2 fuzzy classification method. Granular computing can help us to model the relationships between human-based system and social sciences in this field. The links in a social network often reflect social relationships among users. In this work, we investigate a classification identifying the relationships among social network users based on certain social network property, granular computing approach and Type 2 fuzzy logic. We evaluate our approach on large scale real-world data from Renren network, showing that the accuracy of the prediction of our classification algorithm is higher than the type 1 fuzzy analysis and the crisp approach.
Effects on long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) of removing canopy cover adjacent to breeding sites and in terrestrial habitats
Creators: name: Ferguson, Christine May
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Knowledge of the effects of logging on amphibians in British Columbia is limited. The long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum, is a pond-breeding species with a relatively widespread distribution in the province. I examined the effects of removing canopy cover on long-toed salamanders in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The study was conducted at the Opax Mountain Silvicultural Systems Research Area, near Kamloops, B.C. I compared the relative abundance of breeding salamanders in ponds with canopy cover conditions ranging from completely open to natural levels of canopy cover. Similar comparisons were made for juvenile salamanders emerging from breeding ponds. Capture rates of breeding salamanders were positively related to canopy cover index, and were higher in more permanent ponds. The same pattern was observed for emerging juvenile salamanders at one of the two replicate sites, Mud Lake. The relationship was different at the second site, Opax, where capture rates were negatively related to canopy cover index. Emergence of juveniles tended to start earlier at ponds at the Mud Lake site compared to those at Opax. Juvenile salamanders emerged earlier from more open ponds at the Opax site, but not at the Mud Lake site. Differences in effects between sites may result from the shorter growing season at the higher elevation Opax site, which would place constraints on the number of larvae that obtain a large enough size to reach metamorphosis. Higher temperatures in ponds that receive more sunlight would allow faster larval growth, thus increasing the number of emerging juvenile salamanders. The effect of reduced canopy cover on long-toed salamanders in terrestrial habitats was examined by comparing their relative abundance in 1.7- ha patch cut areas with that in uncut forested controls. The experiment was set up in a split-plot design, with volume of downed wood (high or low) as the split-plot factor. Very low capture rates at one of the two replicate sites limited my ability to detect differences between treatments. The pattern observed at the Mud Lake site suggests that activity of long-toed salamanders may be restricted in patch cuts during the summer.
The solar abundance problem and eMSTOs in clusters
Creators: name: Hoppe, R.
name: Bergemann, M.
name: Bitsch, B.
name: Serenelli, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of accretion from protoplanetary discs on stellar evolution of AFG-type stars. We use a simplified disc model computed using the Two-Pop-Py code that contains the growth and drift of dust particles in the protoplanetary disc. It is used to model the accretion scenarios for a range of physical conditions of protoplanetary discs. Two limiting cases are combined with the evolution of stellar convective envelopes computed using the Garstec stellar evolution code. We find that the accretion of metal-poor (gas) or metal-rich (dust) material has a significant impact on the chemical composition of the stellar convective envelope. As a consequence, the evolutionary track of the star diverts from the standard scenario predicted by canonical stellar evolution models, which assume a constant and homogeneous chemical composition after the assembly of the star has finished. In the case of the Sun, we find a modest impact on the solar chemical composition. Accretion of metal-poor material indeed reduces the overall metallicity of the solar atmosphere, and it is consistent, within the uncertainty, with the solar Z reported by Caffau et al. (2011), but our model is not consistent with the measurement by Asplund et al. (2009). Another effect is the change of the position of the star in the colour-magnitude diagram. We compare our predictions to a set of open clusters from the Gaia DR2 and show that it is possible to produce a scatter close to the turn-off of young clusters that could contribute to explain the observed scatter in CMDs. Detailed measurements of metallicities and abundances in the nearby open clusters will provide a stringent observational test of our proposed scenario.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in A&A
Is the emerging massive cluster NGC 2244 a twin cluster?
Creators: name: Li, Jin Zeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present in this paper the first near infrared study of the young open cluster NGC 2244, which is well known for its partially embedded nature in the Rosette Nebula. Based on the spatially complete 2 Micron All Sky Survey, the young OB cluster indicates apparent substructures. It is surprisingly resolved into a compact core that matches well the congregation of massive OB stars in the optical, a satellite cluster at a distance of 6.6 pc in its west and probably a major stellar aggregate resembling an arc in structure right below the core. This infrared study provides various new updates on its nature of the young open cluster, including its central position, physical scale and stellar population. A disk fraction of $\sim 20.5\pm2.8%$ is achieved for its members with masses above 0.8 $M_{\odot}$. NGC 2244 is hence a unique example for the study of embedded clusters.
description: 9 figures. 2005, ApJ 625, in press
Constraining accretion efficiency in massive binary stars with LIGO-Virgo black holes
Creators: name: Bouffanais, Yann
name: Mapelli, Michela
name: Santoliquido, Filippo
name: Giacobbo, Nicola
name: Iorio, Giuliano
name: Costa, Guglielmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growing sample of LIGO--Virgo black holes (BHs) opens new perspectives for the study of massive binary evolution. Here, we study the impact of mass accretion efficiency and common envelope on the properties of binary BH (BBH) mergers, by means of population synthesis simulations. We model mass accretion efficiency with the parameter $f_{\rm MT}\in[0.05,1]$, which represents the fraction of mass lost from the donor which is effectively accreted by the companion. Lower values of $f_{\rm MT}$ result in lower BBH merger rate densities and produce mass spectra skewed towards lower BH masses. Our hierarchical Bayesian analysis, applied to BBH mergers in the first and second gravitational wave transient catalogue, yields zero support for values of $f_{\rm MT}\lesssim{}0.6$, with a lower boundary of the 99\% credible intervals equal to $f_{\rm MT}= 0.59$. This result holds for all the values of the common-envelope efficiency parameter we considered in this study $α_{\rm CE} \in [1,10]$. This confirms that gravitational-wave data can be used to put constraints on several uncertain binary evolution processes.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, published in MNRAS
Suppressed magnetization in La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ superlattices
Creators: name: Hoffmann, A.
name: Velthuis, S. G. E. te
name: Sefroui, Z.
name: Santamaria, J.
name: Fitzsimmons, M. R.
name: Park, S.
name: Varela, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the magnetic properties of La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ / YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ superlattices. Magnetometry showed that with increasing YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ layer thickness the saturation magnetization per La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ layer decreases. From polarized neutron reflectometry we determined that this magnetization reduction is due to an inhomogenous magnetization depth profile arising from the suppression of magnetization near the La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ / YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ interface. Electron energy loss spectroscopy indicates an increased 3d band occupation of the Mn atoms in the La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ layers at the interface. Thus, the suppression of ferromagnetic order at the La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ / YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ interface is most likely due to charge transfer between the two materials.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Transport coefficients for dense hard-disk systems
Creators: name: García-Rojo, Ramón
name: Luding, Stefan
name: Brey, J. Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study of the transport coefficients of a system of elastic hard disks, based on the use of Helfand-Einstein expressions is reported. The self-diffusion, the viscosity, and the heat conductivity are examined with averaging techniques especially appropriate for the use in event-driven molecular dynamics algorithms with periodic boundary conditions. The density and size dependence of the results is analyzed, and comparison with the predictions from Enskog's theory is carried out. In particular, the behavior of the transport coefficients in the vicinity of the fluid-solid transition is investigated and a striking power law divergence of the viscosity in this region is obtained, while all other examined transport coefficients show a drop in that density range.
description: submitted to PRE
Resolving parameter degeneracies in long-baseline experiments by atmospheric neutrino data
Creators: name: Huber, P.
name: Maltoni, M.
name: Schwetz, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we show that the physics reach of a long-baseline (LBL) neutrino oscillation experiment based on a superbeam and a megaton water Cherenkov detector can be significantly increased if the LBL data are combined with data from atmospheric neutrinos (ATM) provided by the same detector. ATM data are sensitive to the octant of $θ_{23}$ and to the type of the neutrino mass hierarchy, mainly through three-flavor effects in e-like events. This allows to resolve the so-called $θ_{23}$- and sign($Δm^2_{31}$)-parameter degeneracies in LBL data. As a consequence it becomes possible to distinguish the normal from the inverted neutrino mass ordering at $2σ$ CL from a combined LBL+ATM analysis if $\sin^2 2θ_{13} \gtrsim 0.02$. The potential to identify the true values of $\sin^2 2θ_{13}$ and the CP-phase $δ_{cp}$ is significantly increased through the lifting of the degeneracies. These claims are supported by a detailed simulation of the T2K (phase II) LBL experiment combined with a full three-flavor analysis of ATM data in the HyperKamiokande detector.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures
Entanglement Is Not Necessary for Perfect Discrimination between Unitary Operations
Creators: name: Duan, Runyao
name: Feng, Yuan
name: Ying, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a unitary operation (quantum circuit) secretely chosen from a finite set of unitary operations can be determined with certainty by sequentially applying only a finite amount of runs of the unknown circuit. No entanglement or joint quantum operations is required in our scheme. We further show that our scheme is optimal in the sense that the number of the runs is minimal when discriminating only two unitary operations.
description: 4 pages(in Revtex4), 2 figures (eps). Corrected some typos and two equations. Main results unchanged. Essentially the journal version
Phase Functions and Light Curves of Wide Separation Extrasolar Giant Planets
Creators: name: Sudarsky, David
name: Burrows, Adam
name: Hubeny, Ivan
name: Li, Aigen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate self-consistent extrasolar giant planet (EGP) phase functions and light curves for orbital distances ranging from 0.2 AU to 15 AU. We explore the dependence on wavelength, cloud condensation, and Keplerian orbital elements. We find that the light curves of EGPs depend strongly on wavelength, the presence of clouds, and cloud particle sizes. Furthermore, the optical and infrared colors of most EGPs are phase-dependent, tending to be reddest at crescent phases in $V-R$ and $R-I$. Assuming circular orbits, we find that at optical wavelengths most EGPs are 3 to 4 times brighter near full phase than near greatest elongation for highly-inclined (i.e., close to edge-on) orbits. Furthermore, we show that the planet/star flux ratios depend strongly on the Keplerian elements of the orbit, particularly inclination and eccentricity. Given a sufficiently eccentric orbit, an EGP's atmosphere may make periodic transitions from cloudy to cloud-free, an effect that may be reflected in the shape and magnitude of the planet's light curve. Such elliptical orbits also introduce an offset between the time of the planet's light curve maximum and the time of full planetary phase, and for some sets of orbital parameters, this light curve maximum can be a steeply increasing function of eccentricity. We investigate the detectability of EGPs by proposed space-based direct-imaging instruments.
description: submitted to Astrophysical Journal
StARD9 is a novel lysosomal kinesin required for membrane tubulation, cholesterol transport and Purkinje cell survival.
Creators: name: R Sterling, Felicity
name: T. Vaughan, Kevin
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The pathological accumulation of cholesterol is a signature feature of Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease, in which excessive lipid levels induce Purkinje cell death in the cerebellum. NPC1 encodes a lysosomal cholesterol-binding protein, and mutations in NPC1 drive cholesterol accumulation in late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/Ls). However, the fundamental role of NPC proteins in LE/L cholesterol transport remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NPC1 mutations impair the projection of cholesterol-containing membrane tubules from the surface of LE/Ls. A proteomic survey of purified LE/Ls identified StARD9 as a novel lysosomal kinesin responsible for LE/L tubulation. StARD9 contains an N-terminal kinesin domain, a C-terminal StART domain, and a dileucine signal shared with other lysosome-associated membrane proteins. Depletion of StARD9 disrupts LE/L tubulation, paralyzes bidirectional LE/L motility and induces accumulation of cholesterol in LE/Ls. Finally, a novel StARD9 knock-out mouse recapitulates the progressive loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Together, these studies identify StARD9 as a microtubule motor protein responsible for LE/L tubulation and provide support for a novel model of LE/L cholesterol transport that becomes impaired in NPC disease.
M-theoretic Genesis of Topological Phases
Creators: name: Cho, Gil Young
name: Gang, Dongmin
name: Kim, Hee-Cheol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a novel M-theoretic approach of constructing and classifying anyonic topological phases of matter, by establishing a correspondence between (2+1)d topological field theories and non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In this construction, the topological phases emerge as macroscopic world-volume theories of M5-branes wrapped around certain types of non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We devise a systematic algorithm for identifying the emergent topological phases from topological data of the internal wrapped 3-manifolds. As a benchmark of our approach, we reproduce all the known unitary bosonic topological orders up to rank 4. Remarkably, our construction is not restricted to an unitary bosonic theory but it can also generate fermionic and/or non-unitary topological phases in an equivalent fashion. Hence, we pave a new route toward the classification of topological phases of matter.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure
The Cosmic Radio Dipole: Estimators and Frequency Dependence
Creators: name: Siewert, Thilo M.
name: Schmidt-Rubart, Matthias
name: Schwarz, Dominik J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cosmic Radio Dipole is of fundamental interest to cosmology. Recent studies revealed open questions about the nature of the observed Cosmic Radio Dipole. We use simulated source count maps to test a linear and a quadratic estimator for its possible biases in the estimated dipole amplitude with respect to the masking procedure. We find a superiority of the quadratic estimator, which is then used to analyse the TGSS-ADR1, WENSS, SUMSS, and NVSS radio source catalogues, spreading over a decade of frequencies. The same masking strategy is applied to all four surveys to produce comparable results. In order to address the differences in the observed dipole amplitudes, we cross-match the two surveys located at both ends of the analysed frequency range. For the linear estimator, we identify a general bias in the estimated dipole directions. The positional offsets of the quadratic estimator to the CMB dipole for skies with $10^7$ simulated sources is found to be below one degree and the absolute accuracy of the estimated dipole amplitudes is better than $10^{-3}$. For the four radio source catalogues, we find an increasing dipole amplitude with decreasing frequency, which is consistent with results from the literature and results of the cross-matched catalogue. We conclude that for all analysed surveys, the observed Cosmic Radio Dipole amplitudes exceed the expectation, derived from the CMB dipole, which can not be explained by a kinematic dipole alone.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures; version accepted by A&A
Finding Densest $k$-Connected Subgraphs
Creators: name: Bonchi, Francesco
name: García-Soriano, David
name: Miyauchi, Atsushi
name: Tsourakakis, Charalampos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dense subgraph discovery is an important graph-mining primitive with a variety of real-world applications. One of the most well-studied optimization problems for dense subgraph discovery is the densest subgraph problem, where given an edge-weighted undirected graph $G=(V,E,w)$, we are asked to find $S\subseteq V$ that maximizes the density $d(S)$, i.e., half the weighted average degree of the induced subgraph $G[S]$. This problem can be solved exactly in polynomial time and well-approximately in almost linear time. However, a densest subgraph has a structural drawback, namely, the subgraph may not be robust to vertex/edge failure. Indeed, a densest subgraph may not be well-connected, which implies that the subgraph may be disconnected by removing only a few vertices/edges within it. In this paper, we provide an algorithmic framework to find a dense subgraph that is well-connected in terms of vertex/edge connectivity. Specifically, we introduce the following problems: given a graph $G=(V,E,w)$ and a positive integer/real $k$, we are asked to find $S\subseteq V$ that maximizes the density $d(S)$ under the constraint that $G[S]$ is $k$-vertex/edge-connected. For both problems, we propose polynomial-time (bicriteria and ordinary) approximation algorithms, using classic Mader's theorem in graph theory and its extensions.
Between cultures, between life and death : a qualitative study of the experiences of health care professionals providing hospice palliative care for ethno-cultural others
Creators: name: Mio, Keishin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis deals with the qualitative investigation of the experiences of Eurocanadian health care professionals who provide hospice palliative care for the patients, families, and friends from other ethno-cultural groups in the context of the multicultural city, Vancouver. The research consists of semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions with six care providers from various disciplines. The interview data are presented under the common themes: (1) the staffs perspectives on culture, (2) family issues, (3) verbal communication, and (4) communication and interaction without or beyond language. Then, the data are analyzed with the concepts of "communitas or antistructure", "I and Thou", "individual" and "inner healer" in relation to "structure", "I and It", "person" and "work persona". The analysis suggests that "communitas or antistructure", "I and Thou", "individual" and "inner healer" "inner healer" are the dominant themes in this analysis of hospice palliative care. Here, the non-verbal communication and interaction often force the health care professionals to experience a raw and profound connection with the patients, far exceeding the verbal. In addition, the basics, norms and common sense of Western health care are frequently reconsidered, reexamined, and questioned. In particular, this tendency is more evident in providing care for the patients from other ethno-cultural backgrounds. Yet, the appropriate balance between antistructure and structure, "I and Thou" and "I and It", and "inner healer" and "work persona" needs to be established according to each individual situation. In the conclusion, the paper suggests that the core and essence of hospice palliative care originates from the communitas or antistructural experience in cross-cultural encounter in the death and dying context, against the common belief that its origin is the Christian context.
Pinned Bilayer Wigner Crystals with Pseudospin Magnetism
Creators: name: Chen, Yong P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of \textit{pinned} bilayer Wigner crystals (WC) and focus on the effects of interlayer coherence (IC) on pinning. We consider both a pseudospin ferromagnetic WC (FMWC) with IC and a pseudospin antiferromagnetic WC (AFMWC) without IC. Our central finding is that a FMWC can be pinned more strongly due to the presence of IC. One specific mechanism is through the disorder induced interlayer tunneling, which effectively manifests as an extra pinning in a FMWC. We also construct a general "effective disorder" model and effective pinning Hamiltonian for the case of FMWC and AFMWC respectively. Under this framework, pinning in the presence of IC involves \textit{interlayer} spatial correlation of disorder in addition to intralayer correlation, leading to \textit{enhanced} pinning in the FMWC. The pinning mode frequency (\wpk) of a FMWC is found to decease with the effective layer separation, whereas for an AFMWC the opposite behavior is expected. An abrupt drop of \wpk is predicted at a transition from a FMWC to AFMWC. Possible effects of in-plane magnetic fields and finite temperatures are addressed. Finally we discuss some other possible ramifications of the FMWC as an electronic supersolid-like phase.
description: Slightly revised. The final version is published on PRB
Observation of attraction between dark solitons
Creators: name: Dreischuh, Alexander
name: Neshev, Dragomir N.
name: Petersen, Dan E.
name: Bang, Ole
name: Krolikowski, Wieslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a dramatic change in the interaction forces between dark solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media. We present what we believe is the first experimental evidence of attraction of dark solitons. Our results indicate that attraction should be observable in other nonlocal systems, such as Bose-Einstein condensates with repulsive long-range interparticle interaction.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures