cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Peer Community In presentation in Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology
Creators: name: Bourguet, Denis
name: Facon, Benoit
name: Guillemaud, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This file is the presentation made the 15th May 2019 at MPI-EVA:

Current publication system and preprints: Main features of the current system of scientific publications - which is particularly expensive and not very transparent -, why we publish and what are the main problems of this system. Possible solution to these problems, the preprints and try to answer these questions: what is it? what are the benefits of using prepints?

Peer Community in: a free public system for peer-reviewing and highlighting preprints: In order to offer an alternative to the current system of publication we have initiated the Peer Community in (PCI, https://peercommunityin.org) project. PCI is a non-profit scientific organization that aims to create specific communities of researchers reviewing and recommending, for free, unpublished preprints in their field (i.e. unpublished articles deposited on open online archives like arXiv.organd bioRxiv.org). Each PCI is a group of several hundred recommenders playing the role of editors who recommend such preprints based on peer-reviews to make them complete, reliable and citable articles, without the need for publication in ‘traditional’ journals (although the authors can submit their recommended preprints afterwards). Evaluations and recommendations by a PCI are free of charge. When a recommender decides to recommend a preprint, he/she writes recommendation text that is published along with all the editorial correspondence (reviews, recommender's decisions, authors’ replies) by PCI Evol Biol. The preprint itself is not published by PCI: it remains in the preprint server where it was posted by the authors. The first Peer Community In was launched in 2017: Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology (PCI Evol Biol). More than 380 recommenders have already joined PCI Evol Biol. PCI Paleontology and PCI Ecology were launched in January 2018 and the latter already has 280 recommenders.
Conformational studies of some ditertiary arsine chelate complexes
Creators: name: Ward, John Edward Henry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Several new ditertiary arsines, (CH₃)₂AsCR₁R₂CH₂As(CH₃)₂(R₁ = Si(CH₃)₃, SiCl₃, F, CN, CI; R₂ = H and R₁ = R₂ = F) and (CH₃)₂AsCFHCF₂As(CH₃)₂ were prepared by the addition of tetramethyl-diarsine to an appropriately substituted olefin. When these ligands were reacted with Group VI hexacarbonyls or pentacarbonylmanganese halides, complexes were frequently obtained which contained a five-membered chelate ring. The nuclear magnetic resonance parameters derived from high resolution spectra of the ditertiary arsines and their chelate complexes were qualitatively interpreted in terms of their rotational and conformational behavior. In the complexes, a trimethylsilyl group was found to adopt an "equatorial" position on the two-carbon bridge of the chelate ring, while a fluorine substituent favored an "axial" orientation. Such extreme preferences were not indicated for cyano or chloro substituents. The chelate rings in the complexes of 1,2-bis(dimethylarsino)-1,1-difluoroethane probably undergo rapid conformational inversion. Changes in coupling constants due to transition metal variations in the chelate complexes were rationalized by a qualitative geometrical approach. However, the effects of substituting the arsenic atoms by phosphorus donor atoms could not be predicted by similar arguments. Nevertheless, variations in solvent, temperature, donor atoms, metal atoms, and their substituents did not drastically alter the conformations of the chelate rings. Apparently, the rotational behavior of the neat ditertiary arsines is partially dictated by the "bulky" dimethylarsino substituents.
The Star Formation Efficiency in Nearby Galaxies: Measuring Where Gas Forms Stars Effectively
Creators: name: Leroy, Adam K.
name: Walter, Fabian
name: Brinks, Elias
name: Bigiel, Frank
name: de Blok, W. J. G.
name: Madore, Barry
name: Thornley, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the star formation efficiency (SFE), the star formation rate per unit gas, in 23 nearby galaxies and compare it to expectations from proposed star formation laws and thresholds. We use HI maps from THINGS and derive H2 maps from HERACLES and BIMA SONG CO. We estimate the star formation rate by combining GALEX FUV maps and SINGS 24 micron maps, infer stellar surface density profiles from SINGS 3.6 micron data, and use kinematics from THINGS. We measure the SFE as a function of: the free-fall and orbital timescales; midplane gas pressure; stability of the gas disk to collapse (including the effects of stars); the ability of perturbations to grow despite shear; and the ability of a cold phase to form. In spirals, the SFE of H2 alone is nearly constant at 5.25 +/- 2.5 x 10^(-10) yr^(-1) (equivalent to an H2 depletion time of 1.9x10^9 yr) as a function of all of these variables at our 800 pc resolution. Where the ISM is mostly HI, on the other hand, the SFE decreases with increasing radius in both spiral and dwarf galaxies, a decline reasonably described by an exponential with scale length 0.2-0.25 r_25. We interpret this decline as a strong dependence of GMC formation on environment. The ratio of H2 to HI appears to be a smooth function of radius, stellar surface density, and pressure spanning from the H2-dominated to HI-dominated ISM. The radial decline in SFE is too steep to be reproduced only by increases in the free-fall time or orbital time. Thresholds for large-scale instability suggest that our disks are stable or marginally stable and do not show a clear link to the declining SFE. We suggest that ISM physics below the scales that we observe - phase balance in the HI, H2 formation and destruction, and stellar feedback - governs the formation of GMCs from HI.
description: Accepted for publication in the AJ special THINGS issue. For a high-resolution version visit: http://www.mpia.de/THINGS/Publications.html
The role of magnetic shear for zonal flow generation
Creators: name: Anderson, J.
name: Nordman, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of magnetic shear for zonal flow generation by ion-temperature-gradient (ITG-) and trapped electron (TE-) mode turbulence is studied analytically using fluid descriptions. The scaling of the zonal flow (ZF) growth rate with magnetic shear is examined and compared with linear growth rates for typical tokamak parameter values. The results indicate that large levels of ZF are obtained in regions of negative magnetic shear, in particular for ZF driven by TE mode turbulence. The strong magnetic shear scaling obtained for TE mode driven zonal flows originates from the bounce average of the electron magnetic drifts.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Classifying Broad Absorption Line Quasars: Metrics, Issues and a New Catalogue Constructed from SDSS DR5
Creators: name: Scaringi, S.
name: Cottis, C. E.
name: Knigge, C.
name: Goad, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a recently developed method for classifying broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs) to the latest QSO catalogue constructed from Data Release 5 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our new hybrid classification scheme combines the power of simple metrics, supervised neural networks and visual inspection. In our view the resulting BALQSO catalogue is both more complete and more robust than all previous BALQSO catalogues, containing 3552 sources selected from a parent sample of 28,421 QSOs in the redshift range 1.7
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table available through the VizieR server. To appear in MNRAS
Direct time radio variability induced by non-axisymmetric standing accretion shock instability: implications for M87
Creators: name: Nagakura, Hiroki
name: Takahashi, Rohta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show for the first time the direct time variable radio images in the context of shocked accretion flows around a black hole under the general relativistic treatment of both hydrodynamics and radiation transfer. Time variability around a black hole can be induced by the non-axisymmetric standing accretion shock instability (namely Black Hole SASI). Since the spiral arm shock waves generate the density and temperature waves at the post shock region, they cause time variability in the black hole vicinity. Based on our dynamical simulations, we discuss a possibility of detection for the time variable radio images of M87 by the future space telescope VSOP2/ASTRO-G satellite. The most luminous part of the images is predicted to be near 15 Schwarzschild radii for some snapshots. We show that our results are consistent with existing observational data such as timeaveraged radio spectra, VLBA images and variability timescale for M87. We also discuss observations of M87 with millimeter and sub-millimeter interferometers.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, Accepted to publication for ApJ
The Deep SWIRE Field II. 90cm Continuum Observations and 20cm-90cm Spectra
Creators: name: Owen, Frazer N.
name: Morrison, G. E.
name: Klimek, Matthew D.
name: Greisen, Eric W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present one of the deepest radio continuum surveys to date at a wavelength ~1 meter, at 324.5 MHz. The data reduction and analysis are described and an electronic catalog of the sources detected above 5 sigma is presented. We also discuss the observed angular size distribution for the sample. Using our deeper 20cm survey of the same field, we calculate spectral indices for sources detected in both surveys. The spectral indices for 90cm-selected sources, defined as S ~nu^(-alpha}, shows a peak near 0.7 and only a few sources with very steep spectra. Thus no large population of very steep spectrum microJy sources seems to exist down to the limit of our survey. For 20cm-selected sources, we find similar mean spectral indices for sources with S_20>1 mJy. For weaker sources, below the detection limit for individual sources at 90cm, we use stacking to study the radio spectra. We find that the spectral indices of small (<3") 20cm-selected sources with S_20< 10 mJy have mean and median alpha(90,20)~0.3-0.5. This is flatter than the spectral indices of the stronger source population. We report log N-log S counts at 90cm which show a flattening below 5 mJy. Given the median redshift of the population, z~1, the spectral flattening and the flattening of the log N-log S counts occurs at radio luminosities normally associated with AGN rather than with galaxies dominated by star-formation.
description: 13 pages, 8 tables, 7 figures, full electronic tables at http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~fowen/papers/SWIRE/90cmpaper2/, accepted AJ
The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury I. The Star Formation History of the M81 Outer Disk
Creators: name: Williams, Benjamin F.
name: Dalcanton, Julianne J.
name: Seth, Anil C.
name: Weisz, Daniel
name: Dolphin, Andrew
name: Skillman, Evan
name: Harris, Jason
name: Holtzman, Jon
name: Girardi, Leo
name: de Jong, Roelof S.
name: Olsen, Knut
name: Cole, Andrew
name: Gallart, Carme
name: Gogarten, Stephanie M.
name: Hidalgo, Sebastian L.
name: Mateo, Mario
name: Rosema, Keith
name: Stetson, Peter B.
name: Quinn, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury (ANGST) is a large Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) treasury program to obtain resolved stellar photometry for a volume-limited sample of galaxies out to 4 Mpc. As part of this program, we have obtained deep ACS imaging of a field in the outer disk of the large spiral galaxy M81. The field contains the outskirts of a spiral arm as well as an area containing no current star formation. Our imaging results in a color-magnitude diagram (CMD) reaching to F814W = 28.8 and F606W = 29.5, one magnitude fainter than the red clump. Through detailed modeling of the full CMD, we quantify the age and metallicity distribution of the stellar populations contained in the field. The mean metallicity in the field is -1~100 Myr. We discuss the measured evolution of the M81 disk in the context of surveys of high-redshift disk galaxies and deep stellar photometry of other nearby galaxies. All of these indicate that massive spiral disks are mostly formed by z~1 and that they have experienced rapid metal enrichment.
description: 26 pages, 2 tables, 18 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Distance-based microfluidic paper analytical devices for portable, low-cost, and rapid analyses
Creators: name: Rahbar, M
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The work presented in this thesis describes research towards design, and novel means of fabrication of distance-based microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (˜í¬¿PADs), and development of selected applications for (bio)chemical point-of-care analysis. Chapter 1 provides insights into the principles and evolution of ˜í¬¿PADs, particularly those based on the distance-based detection method. Chapter 2 introduces a new facile fabrication technique for (distance-based) ˜í¬¿PADs using a low-cost desktop electronic craft plotter/cutter. This simple approach enabled rapid prototyping of ˜í¬¿PADs by coupling a wax printer with a plotter/cutter, enabling the desired cutting and reagent deposition steps being performed in a fully integrated and geometrically aligned manner along with the wax-printing step. Chapter 3 extends the development of this fabrication method and further investigates the deposition characteristics and performance of this novel approach, demonstrating its capability for deposition of in-house formulated reagents upon ˜í¬¿PADs with various designs, while the deposition volume could be precisely quantified gravimetrically. Chapter 4 demonstrates the effect of the ˜í¬¿PAD device geometry on the distance signal obtained from the fabricated distance-based ˜í¬¿PADs. It is shown that implementation of asymmetrical geometry microfluidic paper channels (varying width instead of the typical rectangular channels) improved analytical parameters significantly. This is demonstrated with the instrumentation-free determination of chloride via trapezoidal distance-based ˜í¬¿PADs from as little as 5 ˜í¬¿L sample volume, a key requirement for analysis of chloride in sweat as a basis of diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. In chapter 5, the stable immobilization of chromogenic reagents upon paper, being a significant issue in regard to distance-based detection, is addressed. Herein, anion exchange filter paper is introduced as a new substrate for fabrication of ˜í¬¿PADs, providing immobilization of water-soluble anionic reagents upon the paper surface and consequently allowing the development of distance-based assays without being compromised by the sample fluid washing away effect, otherwise limiting the choice of reagents to only water-insoluble ones. This extends the applicability of the distance-based detection method to assays which involve water-soluble anionic chromogenic reagents, not readily immobilized on the standard filter paper. Finally, Chapter 6 of this thesis discusses the limitations of (distance-based) ˜í¬¿PADs and provides further insight and direction for future research.
Maintain Sustainability of Historic Village as Tourism Village. The Case of Bustaman Village in Semarang, Indonesia
Creators: name: Sari, Suzanna Ratih
name: Hilmy, Muhammad Fariz
name: Hendro, Eko Punto
name: Iswanto, Dhanoe
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2020

description: Bustaman village, a village that has a long history with various traditions in it, has received support from the city government and the arts community to care about the village. However, this support is meaningless if residents do not contribute to the preservation of their village. Although tradition and daily activity are still ongoing, it is not yet sufficient enough to maintain the sustainability of Bustaman Village. With qualitative methods, this study will explain the phenomenon and the sustainability of Bustaman village. The output of this research is the strategy of developing the sustainability of Bustaman Village as a community-based tourism village.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 76 (2020)
Olivicoltura tradizionale fra intensivizzazione e paesaggio: un modello di programmazione matematica multiobiettivo a numeri interi
Creators: name: Cecchini, Lucio
name: Chiorri, Massimo
name: Pierri, Antonio
name: Torquati, Biancamaria
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2020

description: Focusing on olive oil sector in central Italy, this paper proposes a decision support system for olive growers in order to: i) identify the optimal crop management in the hypothesis of maximizing gross farm income and maximizing a landscape integrity index; ii) simulate the effects of different policy and market scenarios. Results from multi-objective integer optimization models showed that the solution obtained by maximizing the gross income foresees the intensive crop management and the complete allocation of the farm area to newly planted olive groves. The traditional crop management is chosen when the landscape integrity index is maximized. However, only a 30% increase of the Extra Virgin Olive Oil price from ancient and traditionally managed olive groves could ensure their complete maintenance.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 76 (2020)
Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the exoplanet HR 8799 c
Creators: name: Janson, M.
name: Bergfors, C.
name: Goto, M.
name: Brandner, W.
name: Lafreniere, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HR 8799 is a multi-planet system detected in direct imaging, with three companions known so far. Here, we present spatially resolved VLT/NACO 3.88--4.10 micron spectroscopy of the middle planet, HR 8799 c, which has an estimated mass of ~10 Mjup, temperature of ~1100 K and projected separation of 38 AU. The spectrum shows some differences in the continuum from existing theoretical models, particularly longwards of 4 microns, implying that detailed cloud structure or non-equilibrium conditions may play an important role in the physics of young exoplanetary atmospheres.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
A decision support system for assessing the perception and acceptance of WTs in high-value landscapes: The case of Chianti Classico (Italy)
Creators: name: Bernetti, Iacopo
name: Bambi, Lorenzo
name: Barbierato, Elena
name: Borghini, Tommaso
name: Capecchi, Irene
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2020

description: Renewable energies are fundamental to future development. Such technologies reduce air pollution and improve air quality; however, they can generate other types of environmental problems, which must be investigated. The location of structures is one of these problems, which involves visual impacts and is a primary factor affecting public reaction. Our work was concerned with the visual impact and the alterations to the landscape made by wind turbines. The main goal was to establish the factors and attributes of a wind farm that determine the perception and aesthetic preferences of people, with a particular emphasis on representatives of Generation Y. This group was chosen because they represent the most dynamic, innovative, and creative social group. Thus, we proposed some design strategies to reduce the visual impact of wind turbines.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 76 (2020)
$B_c$ to P-Wave Charmonia Transitions in Covariant Light-Front Approach
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao-Xia
name: Wang, Wei
name: Lü, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the covariant light-front quark model, we investigate the $B_c\to h_c, χ_{c0,1,2}$ form factors. The form factors are evaluated in space-like kinematic region and are recasted to the physical region by adopting the exponential parametrization. We also study the semileptonic $B_c$ decays and find that branching fractions for the $B_c\to (h_c,χ_{c0,1,2})l\barν(l=e,μ)$ decays have the order $10^{-3}$ while branching fractions for $B_c\to (h_c,χ_{c0,1,2})τ\barν_τ$ are suppressed by one order. These predictions will be tested at the forthcoming hadron colliders.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, published in Phys. Rev. D
Modeling preference heterogeneity in recreation random utility models when relevant information about users is limited
Creators: name: De Salvo, Maria
name: Cucuzza, Giuseppe
name: Prato, Carlo
name: Signorello, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2020

description: We suggest a novel approach to analyze revealed preference heterogeneity in recreation random utility maximization models when information about users is limited to their place of residence. We assume that recreationists living in the same place act as a “cohort” and that their preferences are hence homogeneous. We adopt a location-specific distribution criterion. We empirically test the suitability of this spatial approach by comparing its econometric performance and welfare estimates with that of the standard individual framework. We use data on hunting in Sicily to empirically test the cohort approach. Results from individual-specific and location-specific mixed logit models suggest that econometric performance improves when modeling heterogeneity with a location-specific conditional distribution. Further, marginal willingness-to-pay mean values and distributions for site characteristics differ significantly.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 76 (2020)
Non-singular modified gravity: the unification of the inflation, dark energy and dark mater
Creators: name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
name: Odintsov, Sergei D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the fluid representation, we formulate the conditions for the appearance of all four types finite-time future singularity in modified gravity in accelerating FRW universe. It stressed that number of standard quintessence/phantom DE theories (including scalar, fluid, DBI ones, etc) brings the accelerating cosmology to future singularity precisely in the same way as singular modified gravity DE. The viable non-singular modified gravity unifying the early-time inflation with late-time acceleration is considered. It is shown that adding such non-singular theory to another realistic singular modified gravity which has the accelerating solution with future singularity may cure the singularity of resulting combined model. This universal scenario may be naturally applied to standard singular DE models as well as to inflationary theories with initial singularity. This suggests the additional fundamental reasoning for modification of General Relativity.
description: Conference Proceedings, LaTeX 6 pags
Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Clouds clusters. I. An ordinary feature for intermediate age globulars in the LMC?
Creators: name: Milone, A. P.
name: Bedin, L. R.
name: Piotto, G.
name: Anderson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of multiple MSs in NGC2808 and Omega Centauri, and multiple SGBs in NGC1851 and NGC6388 has challenged the long-held paradigm that GCs consist of simple stellar populations. This picture has been further complicated by recent studies of the LMC intermediate-age clusters, where the MSTO was found to be bimodal or broadened. We have undertaken a study of archival HST images of LMC and SMC clusters with the aim of measuring the frequency of clusters with evidence of multiple or prolonged star formation events and determining their main properties. In this paper, we analyse the CMD of 16 intermediate-age LMC clusters. We find that 11 clusters show an anomalous spread (or split) in color and magnitude around the MSTO. We demonstrate that the observed feature is unequivocally associated to the clusters and that it is not an artifact due to photometric errors, differential reddening or binaries. We confirm that NGC 1806 and NGC 1846 clearly exhibit two distinct MSTOs and observe, for the first time, a double MSTO in NGC 1751. In these three clusters the population corresponding to the brighter MSTO includes more than two-thirds of cluster stellar population. We confirm the presence of multiple stellar populations in NGC 1783 and suggest that the MSTO of this cluster is formed by two distinct branches. In 7 clusters (ESO057-SC075, HODGE7, NGC1852, NGC1917, NGC1987, NGC2108, and NGC2154) we observed an intrinsic broadening of the MSTO that may suggest that these clusters have experienced a prolonged period of star formation (150-250 Myr). The CMDs of IC2146, NGC1644, NGC1652, NGC1795 and NGC1978 show no evidence of spread or bimodality. In summary 70$\pm$25% of our sample are not consistent with the simple, single stellar population hypotesis.
description: 28 pages, 39 figures, accepted for publication on A&A, full resolution images at ftp://ftp.stsci.edu/outside-access/out.going/bedin/LMC/
When galaxies collide: understanding the broad absorption-line radio galaxy 4C +72.26
Creators: name: Smith, D. J. B.
name: Simpson, C.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
name: Rawlings, S.
name: Jarvis, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a range of new observations of the "broad absorption line radio galaxy" 4C +72.26 (z = 3.5), including sensitive rest-frame ultraviolet integral field spectroscopy using the Gemini/GMOS-N instrument and Subaru/CISCO K-band imaging and spectroscopy. We show that 4C +72.26 is a system of two vigorously star-forming galaxies superimposed along the line of sight separated by ~1300 +/- 200 km/s in velocity, with each demonstrating spectroscopically resolved absorption lines. The most active star-forming galaxy also hosts the accreting supermassive black hole which powers the extended radio source. We conclude that the star formation is unlikely to have been induced by a shock caused by the passage of the radio jet, and instead propose that a collision is a more probable trigger for the star formation. Despite the massive starburst, the UV-mid-infrared spectral energy distribution suggests that the pre-existing stellar population comprises ~10^12 Msolar of stellar mass, with the current burst only contributing a further ~2%, suggesting that 4C +72.26 has already assembled most of its final stellar mass.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ab-initio calculations of spin tunneling through an indirect barrier
Creators: name: Chantis, Athanasios N
name: Sandu, Titus
name: Xu, Jialei L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a fully relativistic layer Green's functions approach to investigate spin-dependent tunneling through a symmetric indirect band gap barrier like GaAs/AlAs/GaAs heterostructure along [100] direction. The method is based on Linear Muffin Tin Orbitals and it is within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) in the Local Density Approximation (LDA). We find that the results of our {\it ab-initio} calculations are in good agreement with the predictions of our previous empirical tight binding model [Phys. Rev. {\bf B}, 075313 (2006)]. In addition we show the $k_{||}$-dependence of the spin polarization which we did not previously include in the model. The {\it ab-initio} calculations indicate a strong $k_{||}$-dependence of the transmission and the spin polarization due to band non-parabolicity. A large window of 25-50 % spin polarization was found for a barrier of 8 AlAs monolayers at $k_{||}$ = 0.03 $2π/a$. Our calculations show clearly that the appearance of energy windows with significant spin polarization depends mostly on the location of transmission resonances and their corresponding zeros and not on the magnitude of the spin splitting in the barrier.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of In vivo anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic activity and in vitro anti-proliferative activity of aqueous methanolic extract of Euphorbia granulata Forssk
Creators: name: Ghauri, Mohsin Ahmad
name: Iqbal, Liaqat
name: Raza, Ali
name: Hayat, Uzma
name: Atif, Naveel
name: Javeed, Aqeel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1:. 1. Anti-inflammatory activity. 2. Analgesic activity (central). 3. Analgesic activity (central). 4. Analgesic activity (central). 5. Anti-Proliferative activity.
Investigating the critical slowing down of QCD simulations
Creators: name: Schaefer, Stefan
name: Sommer, Rainer
name: Virotta, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations of QCD are known to suffer from serious critical slowing down towards the continuum limit. This is particularly prominent in the topological charge. We investigate the severeness of the problem in the range of lattice spacings used in contemporary simulations and propose a method to give more reliable error estimates.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at The XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 26-31, 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China, v2: Correction in Sec. 4, results unchanged
The influence of genetic information and crime-type on juror decision making
Creators: name: Muir, BR
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) gene, paired with a traumatic childhood background, can predispose an individual to behave impulsively and aggressively. Defence lawyers see this genetic link as a way to reduce a defendant's sentence. This study endeavoured to establish whether mock jurors see this evidence as grounds for reducing a sentence, or, as the literature indicates, likely to increase it, on the basis of dangerousness. The influence of genetic evidence on crime-type differences (i.e., assault compared to bank fraud) was also investigated. A total of 217 participants (148 females) between 18‚Äö-75 years of age (M = 31.35, SD = 14.18) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions detailing a crime (white-collar or blue-collar) and additional expert evidence regarding the possession of the MAOA gene (with a control group). Participants, acting as mock jurors, completed questions regarding judgements of the defendant's level of culpability, level of dangerousness, and how severe the sentence should be. Findings demonstrated that mock jurors who received additional genetic evidence viewed the defendant as less culpable for the crime and more dangerous, but overall, provided a less harsh sentence than those who were not presented with such evidence. Crime-type differences were found only for perceptions of dangerousness, showing that blue-collar criminals with the MAOA gene were seen as more dangerous than white-collar criminals with the gene. These findings suggest that while perceptions of dangerousness are heightened, jurors believe a mitigated sentence is warranted for a defendant who possesses the MAOA gene. This has implications for defence lawyers who can utilise this form of evidence to mitigate their defendants' sentences.
Radiation chemistry of dimethylsulfoxide
Creators: name: Cooper, Terry Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A comprehensive study of the radiation chemistry of dimethyl- sulfoxide (DMSO), and DMSO-H₂0 mixtures, by steady-state γ-radiolysis, pulse radiolysis and low temperature matrix isolation techniques has revealed several significant features about the transient ionic products of the radiolysis. Very short-lived (τ[sub ½] < 25 nsec), weakly bound solvated electrons are formed in quite high yields in these liquids at room temperature. Solvated electrons in the binary DMSO-H₂O mixtures exhibit single optical absorption bands with maxima which vary smoothly with composition from pure water (λ[sub max] = 720 nm) to pure DMSO (λ[sub max] > 1500 nm). The electron stability varies with composition, showing a minimum lifetime coinciding with DMSO-H₂O mixtures which exhibit maximum inter-molecular structure. In glassy mixtures at 77°K, electrons generated radiolytically or photochemically are not trapped aid stabilized. The positive ions formed from irradiated DMSO are longer lived (τ[sub ½] ~ 2 µsec) than the solvated electons and have a strong absorption band centered at λ[sub max] 550 nm. In DMSO-H₂O mixtures this same absorption band is formed. The cationic yield is directly proportional to the fraction of the total dose absorbed initially by DMSO which suggests there is no charge transfer, proton exchange or positive ion scavenging in these mixtures. The yield of both e[sup - / sub s] and cations was ~ 30% higher in the fully deuterated DMSO than in the hydrogenated material indicating some alteration in the electron escape probability due to isotopic substitution. Most of the above observations are interpreted in terms of the physical properties of DMSO and its aqueous mixtures. The radiation yield of free ions is measured to be 1.30 ± 0.15 which is in reasonably good accord with a liquid having a dielectric constant of 48. The yield of solvated electrons was ascertained by observing the formation of anthracene anions in solutions of anthracene and corresponded very closely to the yield of positive ions determined from the formation of in KBr₂⁻ solutions. The near infrared absorption band of solvated electrons in DMSO indicates a weakly stabilized species which is consistent with the very poor solvating power for negative ions afforded by DMSO due to the aprotic nature of the solvent. On the other hand the lack of charge transfer or proton exchange with H₂O shown by the DMSO cation is consistent with the dipolar character of DMSO and its strong solvation of positive ions. A variety of free radicals have been observed by electron spin resonance in γ-irradiated polycrystalline DMSO at 77°K amongst which the •CH₃ and a sulfur containing radical are distinguished. Under γ-radiolysis liquid DMSO produces H₂, CH₄, C₂S₆ and (CH₃)₂S with G values of 0.20 ± 0.01, 3.3 ± 0.1, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 1.2 ± 0.2 respectively.
Study of axial strain induced torsion of single wall carbon nanotubes by 2D continuum anharmonic anisotropic elastic model
Creators: name: MU, Weihua
name: Li, Ming
name: Wang, Wei
name: Zhong-can, Ou-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent molecular dynamic simulations have found chiral single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) twist during stretching, which is similar to the motion of a screw. Obviously this phenomenon, as a type of curvature-chirality effect, can not be explained by usual isotropic elastic theory of SWNT. More interestingly, with larger axial strains (before buckling), the axial strain induced torsion (a-SIT) shows asymmetric behaviors for axial tensile and compressing strains, which suggests anharmonic elasticity of SWNTs plays an important role in real a-SIT responses. In order to study the a-SIT of chiral SWNTs with actual sizes, and avoid possible deviations of computer simulation results due to the finite-size effect, we propose a 2D analytical continuum model which can be used to describe the the SWNTs of arbitrary chiralities, curvatures, and lengths, with the concerning of anisotropic and anharmonic elasticity of SWNTs. This elastic energy of present model comes from the continuum limit of lattice energy based on Second Generation Reactive Empirical Bond Order potential (REBO-II), a well-established empirical potential for solid carbons. Our model has no adjustable parameters, except for those presented in REBO-II, and all the coefficients in the model can be calculated analytically. Using our method, we obtain a-SIT responses of chiral SWNTs with arbitrary radius, chiralities and lengthes. Our results are in reasonable agreement with recent molecular dynamic simulations. [Liang {\it et. al}, Phys. Rev. Lett, ${\bf 96}$, 165501 (2006).] Our approach can also be used to calculate other curvature-chirality dependent anharmonic mechanic responses of SWNTs.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Coexisting Magnetic Order and Cooperative Paramagnetism in the Stuffed Pyrochlore Tb_{2+x}Ti_{2-2x}Nb_xO_7
Creators: name: Ueland, B. G.
name: Gardner, J. S.
name: Williams, A. J.
name: Dahlberg, M. L.
name: Kim, J. G.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Copley, J. R. D.
name: Schiffer, P.
name: Cava, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron scattering and magnetization measurements have been performed on the stuffed pyrochlore system Tb2+xTi2-2xNbxO7. We find that despite the introduction of chemical disorder and increasingly antiferromagnetic interactions, a spin glass transition does not occur for T >= 1.5 K and cooperative paramagnetic behavior exists for all x. For x = 1, Tb3NbO7, an antiferromagnetically ordered state coexisting with cooperative paramagnetic behavior is seen without applying any external fields or pressure, a situation advantageous for studying this cooperative behavior.
Rectified voltage induced by a microwave field in a confined two-dimensional electron gas with a mesoscopic static vortex
Creators: name: Schmeltzer, David
name: Chang, Hsuanyeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of a microwave field on a confined two dimensional electron gas which contains an insulating region comparable to the Fermi wavelength. The insulating region causes the electron wave function to vanish in that region. We describe the insulating region as a static vortex. The vortex carries a flux which is determined by vanishing of the charge density of the electronic fluid due to the insulating region. The sign of the vorticity for a hole is opposite to the vorticity for adding additional electrons. The vorticity gives rise to non-commuting kinetic momenta. The two dimensional electron gas is described as fluid with a density which obeys the Fermi-Dirac statistics. The presence of the confinement potential gives rise to vanishing kinetic momenta in the vicinity of the classical turning points. As a result, the Cartesian coordinate do not commute and gives rise to a Hall current which in the presence of a modified Fermi-Surface caused by the microwave field results in a rectified voltage. Using a Bosonized formulation of the two dimensional gas in the presence of insulating regions allows us to compute the rectified current. The proposed theory may explain the experimental results recently reported by J. Zhang et al.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Systematic coarse graining: "Four lessons and a caveat" from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Öttinger, Hans Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the guidance offered by nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics, simulation techniques are elevated from brute-force computer experiments to systematic tools for extracting complete, redundancy-free and consistent coarse grained information for dynamic systems. We sketch the role and potential of Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics and Brownian dynamics simulations in the thermodynamic approach to coarse graining. A melt of entangled linear polyethylene molecules serves us as an illustrative example.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Similarity effects on recognition : testing the diagnostic feature-detection hypothesis
Creators: name: Newton, EK
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Diagnostic feature-detection (DFD) hypothesis proposes that the simultaneous presentation of faces (e.g., in police lineups) enhances identification accuracy by allowing shared features to be discounted and diagnostic features to be detected. However, no direct tests of this theory have been conducted in face recognition tasks. We directly tested the DFD hypothesis. 60 participants (42 women; aged 18 to 45 years) completed a facial recognition task. Memory for faces was tested in three task conditions: a yes/no (Y/N) task, in which one face was presented at a time; a two alternative forced choice (2AFC) task, in which participants had to choose one of two faces, presented simultaneously; a two alternative open choice (2AOC) task, in which two faces were presented simultaneously, with a 'not present' option. Difficulty was manipulated through two levels of target-lure similarity (high, low). Discrimination (d') was calculated and compared between the high and low similarity trials within each condition. Contrary to the predictions of DFD, we found significant differences in discrimination between high and low similarity trials in the 2AFC and 2AOC conditions. Unexpectedly, the manipulation of difficulty did not affect performance in the Y/N condition. We found no support for the DFD hypothesis.
In-situ and in-raster mitigation of defects in additive manufacturing processes subject to cyber-attacks and machine inaccuracies
Creators: name: Mangrolia, Brijesh
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a powerful and popular additive manufacturing technology that is widely used in a variety of industries. A significant challenge is ensuring product quality by mitigating print defects such as voids and overextrusion which can comprise the structural integrity of the printed parts. These defects can occur due to inherent inaccuracies in the machine, or, more insidiously, due to deliberate cyber-attacks that change the printing conditions or parameters to induce barely noticeable defects into parts that degrade their mechanical properties and geometric accuracy. Using an a-priori designed optimal set of parameters in such time-variant processes can significantly affect their viability within the cyber-manufacturing paradigm. The objective of this work is to develop a closed loop quality control system that can eliminate such void and overextrusion defects in FFF within a raster under printing conditions that change with time due to cyberattacks or machine inaccuracies. In the proposed and tested framework, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to detect in-raster defects, and a policy neural network trained using reinforcement learning takes in-situ action to mitigate future defects. Through a series of case studies, it is demonstrated that the trained policy can resolve defects in-raster and in-situ, for root-causes that the policy has seen before, and for previously unencountered root-causes that cause changes in the printing conditions beyond the controllable parameters. These case studies show that our method is effective and generalizable. The fundamental elements in our proposed framework can also be extended to other additive manufacturing technologies to ensure product quality under cyber-attacks or machine inaccuracies.
Exploring Education Access, Opportunities, and Massification in Higher Education in Uganda
Creators: name: Charles, Kidega
name: Ndambo Djaya, Haufiku Gottlieb
name: Taye, Mintamir Shegaw
name: Olubunmi, Olusegun Adeola
name: George, Awila
name: Eunifer, Chirembe
name: Dime Rare, Wakshuma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This paper explores the concepts of education access, opportunities, and massification in higher education in Uganda by examining the importance of providing equal access to education for individuals from diverse backgrounds. The discussion delves into the various barriers that hinder educational access, including socio-economic factors, gender disparities, and geographical limitations. It explores the role of scholarships, grants, and financial aids in promoting educational opportunities for the underprivileged and marginalized groups. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for educational institutions to develop inclusive policies that cater to the unique needs and aspirations of students from diverse backgrounds. It analyzes the challenges and opportunities presented by the growing number of students seeking higher education. The study employed qualitative research which was based on literature review and analysed using themes. The paper examines how massification affects educational quality, resources, and infrastructure, as well as the implications for equity and inclusivity explores strategies that can be adopted to address the challenges associated with massification while maintaining educational standards and quality. It discusses the importance of enhancing institutional capacities, expanding infrastructure, and embracing innovative teaching and learning methods. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding education access, opportunities, and massification in higher education. It offers insights into the measures required to ensure equitable access, foster opportunities for all, and effectively manage the growing demands for higher education.
The effect of art and science in shaping attitudes towards climate change
Creators: name: Pitt, CD
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Climate change is an exigent problem which requires a substantial increase in action to mitigate. It has been suggested that art may shape attitudes towards climate change through evoking emotions which influence system 1 judgements. The current study investigated whether science or art-based auditory stimuli influenced attitudes towards climate change. 134 online participants were exposed to one of four stimuli conditions: climate change music, climate change music and science, non-climate change music and science, or science only. Participant's completed pre- and post-stimuli exposure measures of implicit and explicit Biospheric attitudes, positive and negative affect and cultural cognition worldview. Between-group analyses indicated that post-stimuli Biospheric implicit and explicit attitudes were significantly higher, and positive affect lower, irrespective of stimuli exposure. Within-group analyses suggested exposure to science only shaped the highest increase in Biospheric attitudes, climate change music only the lowest, and music (climate change or neutral, with or without science) significantly decreased positive affect. The implications of the current study for climate change communicators are that selected combinations of climate change music and science information can shape Biospheric attitudes, and whilst positive affect can be decreased by exposure to these mediums it does not directly relate to attitude change levels.