cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Higher caffeine consumption is associated with insufficient sleep time in Brazilian adults (CUME study)
Creators: name: Teixeira, Carolynne Martins
name: Bressan, Josefina
name: Leal, Arieta Carla Gualandi
name: Ribeiro, Sarah Aparecida Vieira
name: Juvanhol, Leidjaira Lopes
name: Pimenta, Adriano Marçal
name: Hermsdorff, Helen Hermana Miranda
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: We aimed to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and sleep time in Brazilian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 6,356 participants from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME Study). Data was collected through an online self-report questionnaire. Of the total, 31.9% of the participants had insufficient sleep. Women were found to sleep less than men (64.1 vs. 35.9%; p < 0.001), as well as being more likely to consume higher doses of caffeine (55.2%, p < 0.001). Coffee (35.7%), dark chocolate (25.2%), milk chocolate (15.2%), and diet soda (11.0%) were the foods that more contributed to caffeine intake. Individuals in the highest quartile of caffeine intake (87.0 − 572.0 mg/day) had a 19% higher prevalence of insufficient sleep compared with the lowest quartile (PR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.08 − 1.31). Future studies are needed to investigate the genetic and hormonal factors involved in the interindividual response in this population.
Structure and dynamics of giant low surface brightness galaxies
Creators: name: Lelli, Federico
name: Fraternali, Filippo
name: Sancisi, Renzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant low surface brightness (GLSB) galaxies are commonly thought to be massive, dark matter dominated systems. However, this conclusion is based on highly uncertain rotation curves. We present here a new study of two prototypical GLSB galaxies: Malin 1 and NGC 7589. We re-analysed existing HI observations and derived new rotation curves, which were used to investigate the distributions of luminous and dark matter in these galaxies. In contrast to previous findings, the rotation curves of both galaxies show a steep rise in the central parts, typical of high surface brightness (HSB) systems. Mass decompositions with a dark matter halo show that baryons may dominate the dynamics of the inner regions. Indeed, a "maximum disk" fit gives stellar mass-to-light ratios in the range of values typically found for HSB galaxies. These results, together with other recent studies, suggest that GLSB galaxies are systems with a double structure: an inner HSB early-type spiral galaxy and an outer extended LSB disk. We also tested the predictions of MOND: the rotation curve of NGC 7589 is reproduced well, whereas Malin 1 represents a challenging test for the theory.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Rotation Distance is Fixed-Parameter Tractable
Creators: name: Cleary, Sean
name: John, Katherine St.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rotation distance between trees measures the number of simple operations it takes to transform one tree into another. There are no known polynomial-time algorithms for computing rotation distance. In the case of ordered rooted trees, we show that the rotation distance between two ordered trees is fixed-parameter tractable, in the parameter, k, the rotation distance. The proof relies on the kernalization of the initial trees to trees with size bounded by 7k.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet in the world: a geographical analysis based on a systematic review of 57 studies with 1,125,560 participants
Creators: name: Damigou, Evangelia
name: Faka, Antigoni
name: Kouvari, Matina
name: Anastasiou, Costas
name: Kosti, Rena I.
name: Chalkias, Christos
name: Panagiotakos, Demosthenes
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: This systematic review aimed to assess the level and time-trends of adherence to Mediterranean-type diets (MTD) among the general population, globally. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, a comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE and Scopus databases was carried out, until 04/09/2023, based on specific criteria. Fifty-seven studies with 1,125,560 apparently healthy adults from Europe (n = 37), US (n = 8), Asia (n = 8), Australia (n = 4) and Africa (n = 1) were included. Adherence to an MTD was moderate with a significant decline observed in the last decade. European countries, mainly driven by Mediterranean countries, showed higher adherence than other regions. Geographical analysis revealed that adherence to an MTD is related to both geographic location and socioeconomic status throughout the world.
CROSS-REGIONAL ITINERARIES AS A WAY OF TERRITORY COOPERATION: EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCES
Creators: name: Kushnir Ksenia, V.
Publisher: name: Сервис в России и за рубежом
Year: 2021
Subjects: CROSS-REGIONAL TOURISM COOPERATION
SPATIAL SUSTAINABILITY
SOCIAL INNOVATION IN REGIONAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT

description: Cross-regional itineraries have been proposed as national development tools for territories with some tourism potential that has been existing only within those territories. Certainly, cross-regional tourism projects provide a unique setting for specialists to analyze the opportunities, which tourism has to offer as development and transformation initiatives, but also to identify and acknowledge the existing limitations in such fragile environment. Despite this practical case, that is being observed today in Russia, only several studies about the meaning of crossregional tourism cooperation inside the country have been previously published. Taking into account this research gap, a closer look at the link between tourism development and the opportunities and challenges, that tourism presents for regional transformation, has been proposed making local tourism industries more diverse. Also the link between theoretical ideas about cross-regional itineraries and practical development programs, designed by tour operators has been viewed. It is noted that mass tourism based on cross-regional itineraries could be possible, in case if it is accompanied by available tour operator’s programs.
Decisional Dignity: Teenage Abortion, Bypass Hearings, and the Misuse of Law
Creators: name: Sanger, Carol
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2009

description: How might we think about reforming abortion regulation in a world in which the basic legality of abortion may, as a matter of constitutional law, at last be relatively secure? I have in mind the era just upon us in which the overturn of Roe v. Wade1 no longer looms so threateningly over the reproductive rights community in the United States and is no longer necessarily its central concern. There is now a general and seemingly well- founded optimism that under the Obama administration, those who support and rely on reproductive rights will not have to pray nightly for the health of Supreme Court justices (although we wish them well). As Senator Obama said in 2008 on the 35th anniversary of Roe: “With one more vacancy on the Supreme Court, we could be looking at a majority hostile to a woman’s fundamental right to choose for the first time since Roe v. Wade. The next president may be asked to nominate that Supreme Court justice. That is what is at stake in this election.” It appears that since January 20, 2009, Justice Stevens may, if he wishes, hang out rather than hang on, and the rest of us may now be more confident that vacancies on the court are less likely to put the basic right to abortion in jeopardy. President Obama’s first Supreme Court appointment, Sonia Sotomayor, characterized the Court’s decision in Planned Parenthood vs. Casey as “settled” and “the precedent of the court” during her confirmation hearings. While confidence in a justice’s future decisions is never assured, it seems, for the moment anyway, that Roe will not be overturned.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 2 (2009)
FORMAL STRUCTURES OF TOURISM RESEARCH (EFIT) AND TOURISM PUBLIC POLICIES (TPP) AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL IN BRAZIL: A COMMON AGENDA IN POLICY-MAKING PROCESSES?
Creators: name: Diaz Melissa Campista
name: Pimentel Thiago Duarte
Publisher: name: Сервис в России и за рубежом
Year: 2021
Subjects: ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
COLLECTIVE ACTION
PUBLIC POLICY
TOURISM
EFIT

description: This paper investigates if and how the Formal Research Structures in Tourism / EFIT, understood here as forms of organized collective action, dialogue with Tourism Public Policies / TPP at the national level. Collective action is often associated with activities carried out by formal organizations. The EFITs are a type of formal organization and, consequently, a type of collective action. They collect data and information based on technical and scientific knowledge that they then make available to decision-makers. Methodologically, on one side we consider the existing tourism research groups in Brazil registered in the CNPq group directory as EFIT. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of their profile we identified their degree of activity in tourism public policy. On the other hand, the TPP, at the federal level, were surveyed. These two subsets of data were analyzed, via content analysis, and the intersection of EFIT with TPP and vice-versa was sought. The results show that there has been a significant expansion of both EFIT and TPP over the last two decades, and that both are in the process of consolidation. However, there is no intersection of EFITs with the political cycle of PPTur in Brazil, at the national level.
Introduction
Creators: name: Northup, Nancy
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2009

description: This volume is the outgrowth of a panel discussion on New Scholarship on Reproductive Rights held at Columbia Law School on October 20, 2008 to celebrate the establishment of a new joint fellowship program of the Center for Reproductive Rights2 and Columbia Law School-The CRR-CLS Fellowship-as well as an initiative by the Center to stimulate scholarship and teaching on reproductive health and human rights. In the last decade, there have been groundbreaking cases from national courts as well as regional and international human rights bodies. These cases are not widely taught in U.S. law schools nor widely incorporated into legal scholarship. The emerging norms stemming from these cases, grounded in rights to equality, dignity, health, autonomy, freedom from cruel and degrading treatment, and non-discrimination, arguably provide more robust protection for women’s health and reproductive self-determination than constitutional rights in the United States. Whereas the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled in the past that pregnancy discrimination does not violate equal protection guarantees, foreign courts and international tribunals have recognized that discrimination against pregnant women is sex discrimination, and that it is a violation of guarantees of non-discrimination to restrict access to health services necessary to women. The underlying premise of the fellowship is that there are paradigm-shifting developments in transnational law on reproductive health and human rights that could invigorate scholarship in the U.S. legal community.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 2 (2009)
THE MULTIPLE STREAMS MODEL AND THE ANALYSIS OF TOURISM PUBLIC POLICIES IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Creators: name: Quadros Vânia Lúcia
name: Barbosa Helena Doris De Almeida
name: Gonçalves Felipe Da Silva
Publisher: name: Сервис в России и за рубежом
Year: 2021
Subjects: TOURISM PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS
MULTIPLE STREAMS MODEL
BRAZILIAN AMAZON
PARá (PA)

description: The studies on the analysis of tourism public policies in the Amazon and in Brazil focus on its implementation, impasses and/or results, but their formulation process as well as the characters involved on those are still approached in an incipient way. This paper presents results of a research on tourism public policy in the Brazilian Amazon. The research aimed at understanding how tourism is addressed and how it is in the agendas of the municipalities of Belém and Bragança governments, in the state of Pará. The Multiple Streams Model was used as a theoretical and methodological reference. The empirical evidence is based on bibliographic and documentary reviews and semi-structured interviews with employees of the tourism management agencies of the municipalities. The results show that tourism public policies are materialized in the Belém Tourism Program 14 (PTB14) and in Bragança Municipal Tourism Plan (PMT-Bragança). Moreover, in these municipalities there is the Municipal Tourism Council; in which the Council of Belém acted in the process of formulating the PTB14; whereas the Council of Bragança did not participate in the formulation of the PMT-Bragança hence the tourist trade representatives of the municipality did, but individually. It is concluded therefore that the analysis model used it, in both municipalities, there are factors that influenced the multiple streams of the process of formulating tourism public policy; however, it was possible to fully identify only those that affected the stream of public policy. In addition to that, the way in which tourism is conceived and disseminated has led it to be risen to a prominent position in the decision agenda of the municipalities of Belém and Bragança.
Privacy, Property, and Public Sex
Creators: name: Ball, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2008

description: “Making a queer world … require[s] the development of kinds of intimacy that bear no necessary relation to domestic space, to kinship, to the couple form, to property, or to the nation.” The Supreme Court in Lawrence v. Texas relied on a right to sexual liberty to strike down a sodomy statute that criminalized same-sex sexual conduct. In doing so, the Court limited that right in three ways: first, by making it clear that the sex in question has to be consensual; second, that it must be engaged in by adults; and third, that it must take place in the home (or in other similarly private places). In its analysis, the Court found it relevant that the statute reached “the most private human conduct, sexual behavior,.., in the most private of places, the home.” The Court, in effect, equated the home with privacy and privacy with liberty. “Liberty,” the Court noted, “protects the person from unwarranted government intrusions into a dwelling or other private places.” The defendants, the Court added, were free to “choose to enter upon [a sexual] relationship in the confines of their homes and their own private lives and still retain their dignity as free persons.” The Court made clear, however, that if they had instead engaged in “public [sexual] conduct,” then the constitutional right to sexual liberty would have been inapplicable. The geographization of sexual liberty that is evident in Lawrence began forty years earlier in Griswold v. Connecticut, the first case in which the Court applied substantive due process doctrine to sexuality-related issues. The Griswold Court, in analyzing the constitutionality of a law that restricted access to contraceptives, drew a connection between the right of married couples to make decisions affecting their sexual intimacy and the spatial privacy afforded by the marital bedroom. Several years later, in Paris Adult Theater I v. Slaton, the Court rejected the idea that a right to privacy prevented the government from regulating obscene materials shown at a movie theater, noting that “it is unavailing to compare a theater, open to the public for a fee, with the private home…” The Court added that “[t]he idea of a ‘privacy’ right and a place of public accommodation are, in this context, mutually exclusive.”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2008)
Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Creators: name: Lbban, Eazaz
name: Kwon, Kee
name: Ashor, Ammar
name: Stephan, Blossom
name: Idris, Iskandar
name: Tsintzas, Kostas
name: Siervo, Mario
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Science Policy

description: Results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure (BP) have been inconsistent. This systematic review evaluated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP and included RCTs testing the effects of vitamin C supplementation alone, on systolic and diastolic BP in adult participants (≥18 years). Random-effect models were conducted to estimate the pooled effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP. A total of 20 studies with 890 participants were included. The median dose of vitamin C was 757.5 mg/d, the median duration was 6 weeks. Vitamin C supplementation was found to reduce systolic BP by −3.0 mmHg (95%CI: −4.7, −1.3 mmHg; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced effect on systolic BP in patients with hypertension (−3.2 mmHg, 95%CI −5.2, −1.2 mmHg, p = 0.002) and diabetes (−4.6 mmHg, 95%CI −8.9, −0.3 mmHg, p = 0.03). Further research needs to evaluate the long-term effect of vitamin C on BP in populations with impaired cardio-metabolic health.
Introduction of Frictional and Turning Function for Pedestrian Outflow with an Obstacle
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Daichi
name: Kimura, Ayako
name: Tomoeda, Akiyasu
name: Nishi, Ryosuke
name: Suma, Yushi
name: Ohtsuka, Kazumichi
name: Nishinari, Katsuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, two important factors which affect the pedestrian outflow at a bottleneck significantly are studied in detail to analyze the effect of an obstacle set up in front of an exit. One is a conflict at an exit when pedestrians evacuate from a room. We use floor field model for simulating such behavior, which is a well-studied pedestrian model using cellular automata. The conflicts have been taken into account by the friction parameter. However, the friction parameter so far is a constant and does not depend on the number of the pedestrians conflicting at the same time. Thus, we have improved the friction parameter by the frictional function, which is a function of the number of the pedestrians involved in the conflict. Second, we have newly introduced the cost of turning of pedestrians at the exit. Since pedestrians have inertia, their walking speeds decrease when they turn, and the pedestrian outflow decreases. The validity of the extended model, which includes the frictional function and the turning function, is verified by both a mean field theory and experiments. In our experiments, the pedestrian flow increases when we put an obstacle in front of an exit. The analytical results clearly explains the mechanism of the effect of the obstacle, i.e., the obstacle blocks pedestrians moving to the exit and decreases the average number of pedestrians involved in the conflict. We have also found that an obstacle works more effectively when we shift it from the center since pedestrians go through the exit with less turning.
QCD thermodynamics with effective models
Creators: name: Schaefer, Bernd-Jochen
name: Wagner, Mathias
name: Wambach, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk we extend the Polyakov-quark-meson model to N_f=2+1 quark flavors and study its bulk thermodynamics at finite temperatures in mean-field approximation. Three different Polyakov-loop potentials are considered. Our findings are confronted to recent QCD lattice simulations of the RBC-Bielefeld and HotQCD collaborations. Furthermore, the finite chemical potential expansion of the quark-number susceptibility in a Taylor series around vanishing chemical potential is analyzed. By means of a novel algorithmic differentiation technique, we have calculated Taylor coefficients up to 24th order in the model for the first time. This allows the systematic study of convergence properties of the Taylor series.
description: [references added]; 10 pages, 5 figures, talk given at the workshop CPOD 2009, June 08 - 12, BNL, USA
Policing, Projects, and Partnerships: How the U.S. can Compete with China in Oceania
Creators: name: Headlee, Theodore
Publisher: name: Pericles Institute
Year: 2025

description: In recent years, there have been growing Chinese investments alongside attempts to establish a regional security presence in the Oceania region. These trends represent serious challenges to America’s regional standing and allow China to jeopardize U.S. military operations in the event of a significant crisis. Within this context of heightened competition, the U.S. military can stem China’s growing influence in Oceania by partnering with regional governments and longstanding allies to provide development and security alternatives to China.
Effects of frustration on magnetic molecules: a survey from Olivier Kahn till today
Creators: name: Schnack, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In magnetism, of which molecular magnetism is a part, the term frustration is used rather sloppily. Sometimes one gains the impression that if the reason for some phenomenon is not quite clear then it is attributed to frustration. In this paper I discuss the effects of frustration that I feel are relevant for the field of molecular magnetism. As will become clear later they indeed lead to a variety of unusual magnetic properties.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
New F-theory lifts
Creators: name: Collinucci, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, a procedure is developed to explicitly construct non-trivial F-theory lifts of perturbative IIB orientifold models on Calabi-Yau complete intersections in toric varieties. This procedure works on Calabi-Yau orientifolds where the involution coordinate can have arbitrary projective weight, as opposed to the well-known hypersurface cases where it has half the weight of the equation defining the CY threefold. This opens up the possibility of lifting more general setups, such as models that have O3-planes.
description: 13 pages, 4 tables; added references, 1 table, and some acknowledgements; minor modifications and clarifications
Gender Violence and Work: Reckoning with the Boundaries of Sex Discrimination Law
Creators: name: Goldscheid, Julie
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2008

description: “It is uncontroverted . . . that Hossack was terminated because management feared her husband’s threats and that he might very well cause workplace disruption in the future … [consequently] no reasonable jury could find that the defendant terminated [her] employment because she is a woman.” Workplace inequality based on sex, as well as discrimination based on other protected characteristics, persist notwithstanding several decades of antidiscrimination laws. An extensive body of scholarship examines this and related forms of persistent inequality and identifies a number of approaches, such as reforms that would target cognitive bias, entrenched structures of decision-making, and unconscious discrimination, to redress what has been termed “second generation” employment discrimination. This Article takes that project in an unexplored direction. The treatment of domestic and sexual violence survivors at work often reflects a subtle form of sex discrimination that antidiscrimination law currently fails to adequately reach. This subtle bias inevitably informs and distorts workplace decisions involving domestic and sexual violence victims. This Article proposes a “second generation” discrimination solution that requires employers to engage in an interactive process with survivors of gender- based violence before taking adverse actions against them. This would bring the issue to the surface, reduce stigma, and ensure that any adverse employment action is based on legitimate reasons, as opposed to subtle biases. By identifying and accounting for this nuanced manifestation of sex discrimination, antidiscrimination law can more fully advance its goal of eliminating sex-based inequality at work.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2008)
Damned If She Does, Damned If She Doesn’t: De-Legitimization of Women’s Agency in Commonwealth v. Woodward
Creators: name: Karlin, Molly
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2008

description: When Deborah Eappen left for work on the morning of February 4, 1997, her eight-month-old child, Matthew, was alive and in the care of his au pair of three months, British nineteen-year-old Louise Woodward. When she next saw Matthew, he was in the hospital, the victim of severe head trauma. Five days later he was dead. The death of a child is always a disturbing event and a manifest injustice. Even where an objective analysis would fail to find fault, the tragic nature of the occurrence will lead to a search for blame. This phenomenon is intensified in the courtroom, as the adversarial process demands the placement of blame. Yet how blame is dispersed is often informed by far more than the evidence put before the jury. Although the parties before the court may not so acknowledge, deep-seated social understandings can also play a role in the distribution of blame. The trial that ensued from the death of Matthew Eappen was no exception. This Article will evaluate many of the social and legal factors that influence the distribution of blame when a child dies. It proceeds on the assumption that the standards of criminal law are intended in part to align legal culpability with causation-that is, the defendant’s proximal responsibility for the occurrence of the act. Specifically, this Article explores the disparate social criticism and legal treatment of infanticidal mothers as compared with other caretakers who kill, and concludes that, in affording non-mothers “excuses” that are not permitted for mothers, both society and courts have disregarded traditional standards required for murder and manslaughter convictions, such as proof of intent and knowledge per that of the reasonable person. As a result, when faced with a female defendant charged with killing a child in her care, both the public and the legal system fail to give proper regard to the defendant’s choices, and thus fail to accord her the appropriate level of blame. Furthermore, the objectification of the female defendant, particularly when she is a mother, as a symbol for a large subset of women may deny her the ability to explain her own story in the courtroom. I have referred to these effects-the tendency to ignore the actual responsibility of a particular defendant in light of a pervasive cultural countemarrative and the application of different standards of culpability to different groups of women-as the “de- legitimization of women’s agency.”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2008)
Emission and its back-reaction accompanying electron motion in relativistically strong and QED-strong pulsed laser fields
Creators: name: Sokolov, Igor V.
name: Nees, John A.
name: Yanovsky, Victor P.
name: Naumova, Natalia M.
name: Mourou, Gérard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission from an electron in the field of a relativistically strong laser pulse is analyzed. At pulse intensities of J > 2 10^22 W/cm2 the emission from counter-propagating electrons is modified by the effects of Quantum ElectroDynamics (QED), as long as the electron energy is sufficiently high: E > 1 GeV. The radiation force experienced by an electron is for the first time derived from the QED principles and its applicability range is extended towards the QED-strong fields.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Phys.Rev. E
A Linear-Time Approximation Algorithm for Rotation Distance
Creators: name: Cleary, Sean
name: John, Katherine St.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rotation distance between rooted binary trees measures the number of simple operations it takes to transform one tree into another. There are no known polynomial-time algorithms for computing rotation distance. We give an efficient, linear-time approximation algorithm, which estimates the rotation distance, within a provable factor of 2, between ordered rooted binary trees. .
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
The interpolation approach to nonextensive quantum systems
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it has been shown by the present author [H. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. E (in press): arXiv:0904.2399] that the interpolation approximation (IA) to the generalized Bose-Einstein and Femi-Dirac distributions yields results in agreement with the exact ones within the $O(q-1)$ and in high- and low-temperature limits, where $(q-1)$ expresses the non-extensivity: the case of $q=1$ corresponding to the conventional quantal distributions. In this study, we have applied the generalized distributions in the IA to typical nonextensive subjects: (1) the black-body radiation, (2) the Bose-Einstein condensation, (3) the BCS superconductivity and (4) itinerant-electron (metallic) ferromagnetism. Effects of the non-extensivity on physical quantities in these nonextenisive quantum systems have been investigated. A critical comparison is made between results calculated by the IA and the factorization approximation (FA) which has been so far applied to many nonextensive systems. It has been pointed out that the FA overestimates the non-extensivity and that it leads to an inappropriate results for fermion systems like the subjects (3) and (4).
description: 23 pages, 16 figures: augmented the text with changed title
Prosymna meleagris Gray 1849
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Cryptodira
Prosymnidae
Prosymna

description: Prosymna meleagris (Reinh.) Gray.
Goldküste v. H. Dr. Mähly. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 678, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Redefining the Baseline: Reasonable Efforts, Family Preservation, and Parenting Foster Children in New York
Creators: name: Bonagura, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2008

description: Adolescents in New York’s foster care system are having children at higher rates and at younger ages than other teens. As one of the largest municipal foster care systems in the United States, New York City’s Administration for Children’s Services (ACS) is grappling with the challenge of responding to the particular needs of young parents who are raising children within the state foster care system (whom this article will refer to as parenting wards), rather than within an extended family. Although New York does not track either the number of foster children who are parents or the age of respondents to removal petitions, the office of the Public Advocate for the City of New York has reported that one in every six girls in foster care in New York City is either pregnant or parenting, a statistic that is likely an underestimate. The high frequency of parenting among teens in the foster care system is representative of national trends. Teen girls in foster care are two and a half times more likely to become pregnant before their nineteenth birthdays than teens that are not in foster care. Parents under eighteen years old are also more likely to be charged with child abuse or neglect than those who wait until they are older to have children, and they are more likely to have their children removed by the state. The complicated reality behind these numbers is that because of state failure to provide the placements, services, and support necessary to function successfully as a family, parenting wards and their children are often denied the opportunity to remain together. This failure is avoidable. The state should articulate and implement the idea that, as the caretaker of foster children and the enforcer of child welfare laws, it has a heightened duty to families of parenting wards before and after removal proceedings begin.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2008)
MEDICARE ADVANTAGE, INTERRUPTED: POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR MID-YEAR MEDICARE ADVANTAGE CONTRACT TERMINATIONS
Creators: name: Dasema, Rebecca
name: Lowder, Emma Rose
name: Greene, Michyla
name: Huang, Andrea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2025

description:
This project investigates policy solutions to address mid-year contract terminations between providers and Medicare Advantage plans. Research shows providers often terminate contracts due to the administrative burden of prior authorization, high claims denial rates, and delayed payments. These terminations disproportionately affect Black and dual-eligible beneficiaries, leading to care disruptions, confusion, and increased costs for patients and the health system. We examine four policy options and weigh them against the following criteria: impact, equity, affordability, and political feasibility. We conclude by recommending Congress reintroduce an amended version of the Improving Seniors’ Timely Access to Care Act. The bill would streamline the prior authorization processes that cause the contract terminations as well as collect the relevant data necessary to further address the problem and its consequences.
Harboring Concerns: The Problematic Conceptual Reorientation of Juvenile Prostitution Adjudication in New York
Creators: name: Schwartz, Shelby
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2008

description: In 2003, New York City police arrested Nicolette R., a twelve-year-old girl, for offering oral sex to an undercover officer for forty dollars. Nicolette had already been arrested for prostitution in a different city, but that time her pimp paid her fine and she returned to the streets. This time was different. Prosecutors sought to sentence Nicolette to secure detention, pointing to her lack of remorse and tendency to carry weapons; her defense attorneys argued that she was a child, victimized by sexual predators, and should be set free. First a Family Court judge placed her in a secure juvenile detention center, but later an Appeals Court granted her the right to be placed in a residential treatment facility for emotionally disturbed children. Unfortunately, the only facility that accepted Nicolette had no resources to treat victims of sexual abuse or prostitution. The struggle over Nicolette’s fate is not unique; it occurs over and over in New York family courts and throughout the country. Simultaneously too young to consent to sex and in violation of criminal laws banning prostitution, juvenile prostitutes have been trapped in a contradictory system of regulations and left without any resources for their rehabilitation.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2008)
Cluster Algorithm Renormalization Group Study of Universal Fluctuations in the 2D Ising Model
Creators: name: Palma, G.
name: Zambrano, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose a novel method to study critical systems numerically by a combined collective-mode algorithm and Renormalization Group on the lattice. This method is an improved version of MCRG in the sense that it has all the advantages of cluster algorithms. As an application we considered the 2D Ising model and studied wether scale invariance or universality are possible underlying mechanisms responsible for the approximate "universal fluctuations" close to a so-called bulk temperature $T^*(L)$. "Universal fluctuations" was first proposed in [1] and stated that the probability density function of a global quantity for very dissimilar systems, like a confined turbulent flow and a 2D magnetic system, properly normalized to the first two moments, becomes similar to the "universal distribution", originally obtained for the magnetization in the 2D XY model in the low temperature region. The results for the critical exponents and the renormalization group flow of the probability density function are very accurate and show no evidence to support that the approximate common shape of the PDF should be related to both scale invariance or universal behavior.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures and 3 tables
Exploring response patterns to open-ended items as indicators of data quality
Creators: name: Webster, Alexis Danielle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Data collection through online sources such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is valuable to social science research. However, online sampling is susceptible to obtaining high rates of low quality data that are provided by individuals who are careless, fraudulent, and/or bots. Failure to identify and remove these problematic respondents can distort research results and lead to inaccurate conclusions. Current quality control strategies have challenges and limitations, including respondents learning to circumvent detection. Open-ended items have been found to offer rich insights into data quality and thus are useful for data quality assessments. Yet, more research is needed to better understand the usefulness of different open-ended items for data quality assessment purposes. The present study was a secondary analysis of a dataset comprising 343 participants recruited from MTurk to investigate the prevalence of problematic characteristics in response to four distinct open-ended items. Findings indicate that 86% of participants provided one or more low quality responses. These low quality responses tended to have multiple problematic characteristics, including duplication with other participants, vagueness, irrelevance, linguistical errors, and even blatant plagiarism. Importantly, the rates of these problematic characteristics varied depending on the specific open-ended item. A strict exclusionary approach led to a 14% retention rate whereas two different balanced approaches that allowed for some error had retention rates between 40% and 44%. These findings underscore the need for rigorous, yet pragmatic, detection methods and standards for online data collection, which should incorporate open-ended items. Recommendations for the use of open-ended items, including data handling procedures are discussed.
Morse v. Frederick’s New Perspective on Schools’ Basic Educational Missions and the Implications for Gay-Straight Alliance First Amendment Jurisprudence
Creators: name: Woods, Jordan Blair
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2008

description: Consider two eleventh grade students, Michael and Anna, who attend public high school in a suburban town. The high school has approximately 1,000 students and enforces an abstinence policy banning any discussion of sexual activity. Two years ago, Michael and Anna were the high school’s first students to openly identify as gay and lesbian. Now over twenty students openly identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ). Recently, Michael and Anna discussed the growing interest among LGBTQ students and allies to form a gay-straight alliance (GSA) with one of their teachers. The teacher agreed to advise the GSA and filed a petition to the Board of Education to create the student group. The GSA’s mission was to provide students with a safe space at school to discuss anti-LGBTQ harassment and work together to promote tolerance and acceptance regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity. The Board of Education denied the GSA’s petition, claiming that allowing a “sex-based” group to meet on school grounds would violate the school’s abstinence policy and thus interfere with the school’s educational mission. This hypothetical is not uncommon. LGBTQ youth are becoming more open about their sexual orientations and gender identities, which has resulted in more efforts by students to form student groups to discuss issues surrounding sexual orientation and gender identity, and in turn greater resistance to the formation of GSAs from school districts that oppose them.’ LGBTQ students usually contend that GSA prohibitions violate their rights under the Federal Equal Access Act (EAA) and the First Amendment. Despite being presented with both EAA and First Amendment claims, most courts have avoided the First Amendment issue and resolved the cases solely on equal access grounds. This avoidance has created uncertainty with regard to the level of protection that the First Amendment affords students to form GSAs in public schools. As this uncertainty lingers, school districts become increasingly clever in creating their student organizations’ policies in ways that avoid triggering the EAA. Since the only alternative federal means of relief is under the First Amendment, the need for a clarification of the protection that the First Amendment affords students to form GSAs is particularly urgent.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2008)
PT Symmetry and QCD: Finite Temperature and Density
Creators: name: Ogilvie, Michael C.
name: Meisinger, Peter N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relevance of PT symmetry to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the gauge theory of the strong interactions, is explored in the context of finite temperature and density. Two significant problems in QCD are studied: the sign problem of finite-density QCD, and the problem of confinement. It is proven that the effective action for heavy quarks at finite density is PT-symmetric. For the case of 1+1 dimensions, the PT-symmetric Hamiltonian, although not Hermitian, has real eigenvalues for a range of values of the chemical potential $μ$, solving the sign problem for this model. The effective action for heavy quarks is part of a potentially large class of generalized sine-Gordon models which are non-Hermitian but are PT-symmetric. Generalized sine-Gordon models also occur naturally in gauge theories in which magnetic monopoles lead to confinement. We explore gauge theories where monopoles cause confinement at arbitrarily high temperatures. Several different classes of monopole gases exist, with each class leading to different string tension scaling laws. For one class of monopole gas models, the PT-symmetric affine Toda field theory emerges naturally as the effective theory. This in turn leads to sine-law scaling for string tensions, a behavior consistent with lattice simulations.
description: 10 figures; invited talk at PHHQP VII, Benasque 2008
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and eight-year risk of death from all causes and noncommunicable diseases in the ELSA-Brasil cohort
Creators: name: Silva, Fernanda Marcelina
name: Giatti, Luana
name: da Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes
name: Brant, Luisa Campos Caldeira
name: de Fátima Haueisen Sander Diniz, Maria
name: del Carmen Bisi Molina, Maria
name: de Matos, Sheila Maria Alvim
name: Vigo, Alvaro
name: Barreto, Sandhi Maria
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with higher incidences of many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and death from all causes. However, the association between UPF and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains controversial. Our study investigated whether UPF consumption is associated with a higher risk of death from all causes, NCDs, and CVD. This study includes 14,747 participants from the ELSA-Brasil cohort followed up over an eight-year period. The NOVA classification was used to estimate the proportion of UPF (grams/day) in one’s diet. Cox regression was also applied. After adjustment for sociodemographic, health, and behavioural factors, a 10% increase in UPF in participants’ diets raised the risk of death from all causes and NCDs by 10% (95%CI: 1.01-1.19) and 11% (95%CI:1.02-1.21), respectively. However, UPF consumption was not associated with CVD mortality. The findings support public policies aimed at reducing UPF consumption in an attempt to reduce the NCD burden.
Arion ater subsp. ater ater (Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Reise, Heike
name: Schwarzer, Anne-Katrin
name: Hutchinson, John M. C.
name: Schlitt, Bettina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Arionidae
Arion
Arion ater
A. ater ater (linnaeus, 1758)

description: LINNAEUS (1758: 652) described both A. ater and A. rufus. If we consider these taxa as conspecific, which name has priority depends on the first reviser. Already MÜLLER (1774: 2) treated ater as having priority, but he did not mention the name rufus (he used the earlier name subrufus for what LINNAEUS (1758) called rufus), so cannot count as a reviser. At latest, FLEMING (1822: 572) explicitly treated A. rufus as a variety of A. ater, and this is the priority consistently followed by others who consider the taxa conspecific. The nominotypical A. ater ater (Linnaeus, 1758) is our AR morphotype,
description: Published as part of Reise, Heike, Schwarzer, Anne-Katrin, Hutchinson, John M. C. & Schlitt, Bettina, 2020, Genital morphology differentiates three subspecies of the terrestrial slug Arion ater (Linnæus, 1758) s. l. and reveals a continuum of intermediates with the invasive A. vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855, pp. 1-34 in Folia Malacologica 28 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.12657/folmal.028.001, http://zenodo.org/record/4615365
description: {"references": ["LINNAEUS [LINNAEUS] C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Salvius, Holmiae. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542", "MULLER O. F. 1774. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. Heineck & Faber, Havniae & Lipsiae. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46299", "FLEMING J. 1822. Mollusca. In: [NAPIER M. (ed.)] Supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica with preliminary dissertations on the history of sciences. Vol. 5. Constable, Edinburgh, pp. 567 - 584."]}