cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Low-energy 11Li + p and 11Li + d scattering in a multicluster model
Creators: name: Descouvemont, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 11Li + p and 11Li + d reactions are investigated in the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) method with a three-body description (9Li + n + n) of 11Li. I first discuss the properties of 11Li, and focus on E1 transition probabilities to the continuum. The existence of a 1- resonance at low excitation energies is confirmed, but the associated E1 transition from the ground state does not have an isoscalar character, as suggested in a recent experiment. In a second step, I study the 11Li + p elastic cross section at Elab = 66 MeV in the CDCC framework. I obtain a fair agreement with experiment, and show that breakup effects are maximal at large angles. The breakup cross section is shown to be dominated by the 1- dipole state in 11Li, but the role of this resonance is minor in elastic scattering. From CDCC equivalent 11Li + p and 11Li + n potentials, I explore the 11Li + d cross section within a standard three-body 11Li +(p + n) model. At small angles, the experimental cross section is close to the Rutherford scattering cross section, which is not supported by the CDCC. A five-body (9Li+n+n)+(p+n) is then performed. Including breakup states in 11Li and in the deuteron represents a numerical challenge for theory, owing to the large number of channels. Although a full convergence could not be reached, the CDCC model tends to overestimate the data at small angles. I suggest that measurements of the 9Li + p elastic scattering would be helpful to determine more accurate optical potentials. The current disagreement between experiment and theory on 11Li + d scattering also deserves new experiments at other energies.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted at Phys. Rev. C
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SOIL EROSION AND FERTILITY MINING IN NORTHERN TANZANIA
Creators: name: Nkonya, Ephraim M.
name: Barkley, Andrew P.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Bernardo, Daniel J.
name: Nkonya, Ephraim M.
name: Barkley, Andrew P.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Bernardo, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Soil erosion
subject: Fertility mining
subject: Soil conservation
subject: Price policy
subject: Soil erosion function
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
subject: Tanzania.

description: This paper develops a soil conservation model that is relevant to smallholder farmers who apply little or no fertilizer. Empirical results drawn from northern Tanzania imply that, ignoring fertility mining problem in model specification leads to overestimation of profits for farms that apply little or no fertilizer. The model also shows that, the impact of output price on soil conservation efforts depends on the curvature of the soil erosion function.
Predictors of smoking relapse in a national sample of former smokers
Creators: name: Miller, Clara Elsie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Although smoking relapse is the most frequently reported outcome of smoking cessation, with reported rates as high as 85%, the factors associated with relapse are hot fully understood. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of smoking relapse in a Canadian sample.of former smokers. A secondary analysis was conducted of data collected in the Survey on Smoking in Canada, a national survey panel with four-cycle intervals in 1994-5. In this study, all respondents who reported that they were former smokers at cycle one (N = 3,875) were included. These respondents were divided into two groups. The first group (N = 3,582) remained abstinent from smoking throughout the survey's four cycles, and the second group (N = 293) experienced a smoking relapse sometime between cycles one and four. Multiple logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic variables indicated that age, education, marital status, and employment status were associated with relapse. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (relapsers vs. non-relapsers) with respect to the presence of other smokers in the household. Relapsers were more likely to have other smokers in their household. Differences were also noted between the groups when comparing subjects' exposure to smoke from cigarettes, if subjects were bothered by cigarette smoke, and if cigarette smoke caused them any physical irritation. Relapsers also differed from non-relapsers in that they appeared to have higher levels of nicotine dependence and reported first starting to smoke at a much younger age. In all four cycles of follow-up, relapsers reported that "stress" was the primary reason for their smoking relapse. Both groups faired poorly when reporting their health knowledge of smoking-related illnesses, incurred both by smokers and non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. As well, the majority of these subjects (58%) had not been advised to stop smoking by either their doctor or dentist. The findings of this research contribute to the body of knowledge related to smoking relapse. Health professionals must be encouraged to make a lifetime of difference in the overall health of their patients by assisting them towards a smoke-free future.
EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES FOR LOW-INCOME ADULTS IN RURAL AND URBAN LABOR MARKETS
Creators: name: Davis, Elizabeth E.
name: Connolly, Laura S.
name: Weber, Bruce A.
name: Davis, Elizabeth E.
name: Connolly, Laura S.
name: Weber, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: rural labor markets
subject: employment
subject: low-income workers

description: This study analyzes the impact of local labor market conditions on the probability of employment and duration of employment for low-income adults in Oregon. We find that economic conditions (lower employment growth and higher unemployment rates) help to explain the less successful employment outcomes for low-income adults in non-metro areas.
VOLATILITY SPILLOVERS BETWEEN FOREIGN EXCHANGE, COMMODITY AND FREIGHT FUTURES PRICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEDGING STRATEGIES
Creators: name: Haigh, Michael S.
name: Holt, Matthew T.
name: Haigh, Michael S.
name: Holt, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: hedging
subject: multivariate GARCH
subject: foreign exchange
subject: freight and commodity futures

description: In many studies the assumption is made that traders only encounter one type of price risk. In reality, however, traders are exposed to multiple price risks, and often have several relevant derivative instruments available with which to hedge price uncertainty. In this study, commodity, foreign exchange, and freight futures contracts are analyzed for their effectiveness in reducing price uncertainty for international grain traders. A theoretical model is developed for a representative European importer to depict a realistic trading problem encountered by an international grain trading corporation exposed to more than one type of price risk. The traditional method of estimating hedge ratios by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) is compared to the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) and the multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) methodology, which takes into account time-varying variances and covariances between the cash and futures markets. Explicit modeling of the time-variation in futures hedge ratios via the MGARCH methodology, using all derivatives and taking into account dependencies between markets results in a significant reduction in price risk for grain traders. The results also confirm that the unique, but underutilized, freight futures market is a potentially useful mechanism for reducing price uncertainty for international grain traders. The research undertaken in this study provides valuable information about reducing price uncertainty for international grain traders and gives a better understanding of the linkages between closely related markets.
The free precession and libration of Mercury
Creators: name: Peale, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis based on the direct torque equations including tidal dissipation and a viscous core-mantle coupling is used to determine the damping time scales of O(10^5) years for free precession of the spin about the Cassini state and free libration in longitude for Mercury. The core-mantle coupling dominates the damping over the tides by one to two orders of magnitude for the plausible parameters chosen. The short damping times compared with the age of the solar system means we must find recent or on-going excitation mechanisms if such free motions are found by the current radar experiments or the future measurement by the MESSENGER and BepiColombo spacecraft that will orbit Mercury. We also show that the average precession rate is increased by about 30% over that obtained from the traditional precession constant because of a spin-orbit resonance induced contribution by the C_{22} term in the expansion of the gravitational field. The C_{22} contribution also causes the path of the spin during the precession to be slightly elliptical with a variation in the precession rate that is a maximum when the obliquity is a minimum. An observable free precession will compromise the determination of obliquity of the Cassini state and hence of C/MR^2 for Mercury, but a detected free libration will not compromise the determination of the forced libration amplitude and thus the verification of a liquid core
description: 34 pages, 6 figures, AASTEX In press in Icarus
MEASURING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN LOW-INCOME AGRICULTURE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT AND FOREST PRESSURE IN PALAWAN, THE PHILIPPINES
Creators: name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Philippines
subject: irrigation
subject: rice production
subject: labor markets
subject: environment

description: Data from the Philippines are used to measure impacts of technical progress in lowland agriculture on upland forests. Irrigation development, labor demand, and employment are studied. Total annual labor use increased following irrigation. Employment of household members living along forest margins increased also. Time allocation data from the uplands show that increases in employment among households living along the forest margin were accompanied by reductions in forest clearing and forest-degrading activities. Empirical findings show irrigation-induced increases in agricultural employment can reduce pressure on tropical forests. Implications for policies and trends in use of labor saving methods that could undermine the observed changes are discussed.
Periodically-repeating fast radio bursts: Lense-Thirring precession of a debris disk?
Creators: name: Chen, Wen-Cong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) with a period of $P_{\rm FRB}=16.35\pm0.18$ days from FRB 180916.J0158+65 had been reported. It still remains controversial how to give rise to such a periodicity of this FRB. In this Letter, based on an assumption of a young pulsar surrounding by a debris disk, we attempt to diagnose whether the Lense-Thirring precession of the disk on the emitter can produce the observed periodicity. Our calculations indicate that the Lense-Thirring effect of a tilted disk can result in a precession period of 16 days for a mass inflow rate of $0.5-1.5\times10^{18}~\rm g\,s^{-1}$, a spin period of 1-20 ms of the pulsar, and an extremely low viscous parameter $α=10^{-8}$ in the disk. The disk mass and the magnetic field of the pulsar are also constrained to be $\sim10^{-3}~\rm M_{\odot}$ and $< 2.5\times 10^{13}~\rm G$. In our model, a new born pulsar with normal magnetic field and millisecond period would successively experience accretion phase, propeller phase, and is visible as a strong radio source in the current stage. The rotational energy of such a young NS can provide the observed radio bursting luminosity for $400$ years.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, PASJ in press
THE IMPACT OF PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING ON CHOICE OF FRUIT CATEGORY AND APPLE VARIETY: A LATENT-CLASS APPROACH
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: advertising
subject: apple demand
subject: latent class analysis
subject: segmentation

description: This study applies a latent class estimation technique to a panel of A.C. Nielsen fruit-consuming households to define price, advertising, and promotion responsiveness segments. Ex post analysis of these segments finds significant demographic differences among them, suggesting that fruit-marketers should target their marketing activities in order to improve their efficiency.
Supersymmetry of the Chiral de Rham Complex
Creators: name: Ben-Zvi, David
name: Heluani, Reimundo
name: Szczesny, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a superfield formulation of the chiral de Rham complex (CDR) of Malikov-Schechtman-Vaintrob in the setting of a general smooth manifold, and use it to endow CDR with superconformal structures of geometric origin. Given a Riemannian metric, we construct an N=1 structure on CDR (action of the N=1 super--Virasoro, or Neveu--Schwarz, algebra). If the metric is K"ahler, and the manifold Ricci-flat, this is augmented to an N=2 structure. Finally, if the manifold is hyperk"ahler, we obtain an N=4 structure. The superconformal structures are constructed directly from the Levi-Civita connection. These structures provide an analog for CDR of the extended supersymmetries of nonlinear sigma-models.
description: References added
Linguistic and ontological challenges of multiple domains contributing to transformed health ecosystems
Creators: name: Kreuzthaler, Markus
name: Brochhausen, Mathias
name: Zayas, Cilia
name: Blobel, Bernd
name: Schulz, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: natural language processing, electronic health records, precision medicine, biomedical semantics, formal ontologies, terminologies
subject: 610 Medizin

description: This paper provides an overview of current linguistic and ontological challenges which have to be met in order to provide full support to the transformation of health ecosystems in order to meet precision medicine (5 PM) standards. It highlights both standardization and interoperability aspects regarding formal, controlled representations of clinical and research data, requirements for smart support to produce and encode content in a way that humans and machines can understand and process it. Starting from the current text-centered communication practices in healthcare and biomedical research, it addresses the state of the art in information extraction using natural language processing (NLP). An important aspect of the language-centered perspective of managing health data is the integration of heterogeneous data sources, employing different natural languages and different terminologies. This is where biomedical ontologies, in the sense of formal, interchangeable representations of types of domain entities come into play. The paper discusses the state of the art of biomedical ontologies, addresses their importance for standardization and interoperability and sheds light to current misconceptions and shortcomings. Finally, the paper points out next steps and possible synergies of both the field of NLP and the area of Applied Ontology and Semantic Web to foster data interoperability for 5 PM
Modelling Galaxies with a 3d Multi-Phase ISM
Creators: name: Harfst, Stefan
name: Theis, Christian
name: Hensler, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new particle code for modelling the evolution of galaxies. The code is based on a multi-phase description for the interstellar medium (ISM). We included star formation (SF), stellar feedback by massive stars and planetary nebulae, phase transitions and interactions between gas clouds and ambient diffuse gas, namely condensation, evaporation, drag and energy dissipation. The latter is realised by radiative cooling and inelastic cloud-cloud collisions. We present new schemes for SF and stellar feedback. They include a consistent calculation of the star formation efficiency (SFE) based on ISM properties as well as a detailed redistribution of the feedback energy into the different ISM phases. As a first test example we show a model of the evolution of a present day Milky-Way-type galaxy. Though the model exhibits a quasi-stationary behaviour in global properties like mass fractions or surface densities, the evolution of the ISM is locally strongly variable depending on the local SF and stellar feedback. We start only with two distinct phases, but a three-phase ISM is formed soon consisting of cold molecular clouds, a warm gas disk and a hot gaseous halo. Hot gas is also found in bubbles in the disk accompanied by type II supernovae explosions. The star formation rate (SFR) is ~1.6 M_sun/year on average decreasing slowly with time due to gas consumption. In order to maintain a constant SFR gas replenishment, e.g. by infall, of the order 1 M_sun/year is required. Our model is in fair agreement with Kennicutt's (1998) SF law including the cut-off at ~10 M_sun/pc^2. Models with a constant SFE, i.e. no feedback on the SF, fail to reproduce Kennicutt's law.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, hi-res PDF can be found at http://www.astrophysik.uni-kiel.de/~harfst/harfst.pdf
Food Fermentations - State of the Art
Creators: name: De Bondt, Yamina
name: Chaillou, Stéphane
name: Chassard, Christophe
name: Cotter, Paul
name: Soares, Susana
name: Perez-Gregorio, Maria Rosa
name: Courtin, Christophe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In 2020, the World Economic Forum highlighted that fermentation presents an opportunity to fundamentally change the way the world eats and improve global human and environmental health and the economy. However, much research is still needed to understand the impact of fermentation technology on human and environmental health and to design fermentation processes optimally. Fermentation in the food industry can refer to food fermentation, biomass fermentation or precision fermentation. In the context of the European projects HealthFerm, Domino, WHEATBIOME and MASTER, and the Cost Action Pimento, a general introduction to the topic of food fermentations is given in this presentation.

Fermented foods were defined in 2021 by ISAPP as “foods made through desired microbial growth and enzymatic conversions of food components” (Marco et al., 2021). Fermented foods have been a part of the human diet for millennia. A broad range of fermented foods exists, being produced from diverse food substrates, such as vegetables, grains, soybeans, milk, fish and meat. Fermented foods often contain live microorganisms, like yoghurt, cheese and kombucha. However, in several fermented foods, the microorganisms are no longer alive; for example, in bread, pasteurised fermented vegetables and soy sauce.

In this presentation, the microorganisms involved in food fermentations and the physicochemical transformations of raw materials, with a focus on plant-based raw materials, will be summarised. Furthermore, the different possible technofunctional and sensorial benefits of food fermentations will be discussed. Finally, an overview of the current knowledge on the effect of fermentation on health benefits and microbiome-enhancing effects will be given.
Mechanism underlying dynamic scaling properties observed in the contour of spreading epithelial monolayer
Creators: name: Oguma, Toshiki
name: Takigawa-Imamura, Hisako
name: Miura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found evidence of dynamic scaling in the spreading of MDCK monolayer, which can be characterized by the Hurst exponent $α = 0.86$ and the growth exponent $β = 0.73$, and theoretically and experimentally clarified the mechanism that governs the contour shape dynamics. During the spreading of the monolayer, it is known that so-called "leader cells" generate the driving force and lead the other cells. Our time-lapse observations of cell behavior showed that these leader cells appeared at the early stage of the spreading, and formed the monolayer protrusion. Informed by these observations, we developed a simple mathematical model that included differences in cell motility, cell-cell adhesion, and random cell movement. The model reproduced the quantitative characteristics obtained from the experiment, such as the spreading speed, the distribution of the increment, and the dynamic scaling law. Analysis of the model equation revealed that the model could reproduce the different scaling law from $α = 0.5, β = 0.25$ to $α = 0.9, β = 0.75$, and the exponents $α, β$ were determined by the two indices: $ρt$ and $c$. Based on the analytical result, parameter estimation from the experimental results was achieved. The monolayer on the collagen-coated dishes showed a different scaling law $α = 0.74, β = 0.68$, suggesting that cell motility increased by 9 folds. This result was consistent with the assay of the single-cell motility. Our study demonstrated that the dynamics of the contour of the monolayer were explained by the simple model, and proposed a new mechanism that exhibits the dynamic scaling property.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, and supplemental materials
Comment on "Fluctuation-Driven First-Order Transition in Pauli-Limited $d$-Wave Superconductors"
Creators: name: Ikeda, Ryusuke
name: Adachi, Hiroto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a Comment on a recent Letter (Phys.Rev.Lett.93, 247002 (2004)) written by Dalidovich and Yang. It is pointed out that any Pauli-limited approach neglecting the vortices is inapplicable to describing the FFLO state in CeCoIn5.
description: 1 page, no figure. To appear in Physical Review Letters
MEASURING MARKET RISK OF THE CATTLE FEEDING MARGIN: AN APPLICATION OF VALUE-AT-RISK ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Manfredo, Mark R.
name: Leuthold, Raymond M.
name: Manfredo, Mark R.
name: Leuthold, Raymond M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Value-at-Risk
subject: Cattle Feeding
subject: Volatility

description: VaR gives a prediction of potential portfolio losses, with a certain level of confidence, that may be encountered over a specified time period due to adverse price movements in the portfolio's assets. For example, a VaR of 1 million dollars at the 95% level of confidence implies that overall portfolio losses should not exceed 1 million dollars more than 5% of the time over a given holding period. This research examines the effectiveness of VaR measures, developed using alternative estimation techniques, in predicting large losses in the cattle feeding margin. Results show that several estimation techniques, both parametric and non-parametric, provide well calibrated VaR estimates such that violations (losses exceed the VaR estimate) are commensurate with the desired level of confidence. In particular, estimates developed using JP Morgan's Risk Metrics methodology seem promising.
Borderline magnetism in Sr4Ru3O10: Impact of dilute La and Ca doping on itinerant ferromagnetism and metamagnetism
Creators: name: Chikara, S.
name: Durairaj, V.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Sun, Y. P.
name: Lin, X. N.
name: Douglass, A.
name: Cao, G.
name: Schlottmann, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An investigation of La and Ca doped Sr4Ru3O10, featuring a coexistence of interlayer ferromagnetism and intralayer metamagnetism, is presented. La doping readily changes magnetism between ferromagnetism and metamagnetism by tuning the density of states. It also results in different Curie temperatures for the c-axis and the basal plane, highlighting a rare spin-orbit coupling with the crystal field states. In contrast, Ca doping enhances the c-axis ferromagnetism and the magnetic anisotropy. La doping also induces a dimensional crossover in the interlayer transport whereas Ca doping exhibits a tunneling magnetoresistance and an extraordinary T3/2-dependence of the resisitivity. The drastic changes caused by the dilute doping demonstrate a rare borderline magnetism that is delicately linked to the interplay of the density of states and spin-orbit coupling.
description: 5 figures
Algebraic equations of state for the liquid crystalline phase behavior of hard rods
Creators: name: Peters, V. F. D.
name: Vis, M.
name: Wensink, H. H.
name: Tuinier, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on simplifications of previous numerical calculations [Graf and Löwen, Phys. Rev. E \textbf{59}, 1932 (1999)], we propose algebraic free energy expressions for the smectic-A liquid crystal phase and the crystal phases of hard spherocylinders. Quantitative agreement with simulations is found for the resulting equations of state. The free energy expressions can be used to straightforwardly compute the full phase behavior for all aspect ratios and to provide a suitable benchmark for exploring how attractive interrod interactions mediate the phase stability through perturbation approaches such as free-volume or van der Waals theory.
description: 12 pages,accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
title: Ο Εξευρωπαϊσμός των Δυτικών Βαλκανίων
title: Ο Εξευρωπαϊσμός των Δυτικών Βαλκανίων
Creators: name: Tzifakis, Nikolaos
name: Koppa, Maria Eleni
Publisher: name: Kallipos, Open Academic Editions
Year: 2024
Subjects: Δυτικά Βαλκάνια
Διεύρυνση της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης
Western Balkans
EU Enlargement

description: Το εγχειρίδιο θα μελετήσει τις προσπάθειες που έχουν καταβληθεί τις τελευταίες δυο δεκαετίες για την παγίωση της ειρήνης, της σταθερότητας, της δημοκρατίας...
description: Το εγχειρίδιο θα μελετήσει τις προσπάθειες που έχουν καταβληθεί τις τελευταίες δυο δεκαετίες για την παγίωση της ειρήνης, της σταθερότητας, της δημοκρατίας...
Microcanonical analysis of small systems
Creators: name: Pleimling, Michel
name: Behringer, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic quantity for the description of the statistical properties of physical systems is the density of states or equivalently the microcanonical entropy. Macroscopic quantities of a system in equilibrium can be computed directly from the entropy. Response functions such as the susceptibility are for example related to the curvature of the entropy surface. Interestingly, physical quantities in the microcanonical ensemble show characteristic properties of phase transitions already in finite systems. In this paper we investigate these characteristics for finite Ising systems. The singularities in microcanonical quantities which announce a continuous phase transition in the infinite system are characterised by classical critical exponents. Estimates of the non-classical exponents which emerge only in the thermodynamic limit can nevertheless be obtained by analyzing effective exponents or by applying a microcanonical finite-size scaling theory. This is explicitly demonstrated for two- and three-dimensional Ising systems.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, invited talk (M.P.) given at the International Symposion on Structure and Dynamics of Heterogeneous Systems SDHS 2004 in Duisburg November 25-26 2004, to appear in a special issue of Phase Transitions
DISTANCE TO INFORMATION SOURCE AND THE TIME LAG TO EARLY ADOPTION OF TRACE ELEMENT FERTILISERS
Creators: name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Jarrett, Frank G.
name: Lindner, Robert K.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Jarrett, Frank G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Some hypotheses about the timing of farmers becoming aware of an innovation and the subsequent decision to use that innovation are derived from a recently developed, decision-theoretic model of the adoption process. They are tested using empirical evidence on the time taken by early adopters of trace element fertilisers in S.A. to discover and decide to use this innovation. The central role of information search in the adoption process is emphasised and it is postulated that various distance measures provide a useful measure of information availability and reliability. The results of the empirical analysis are consistent with the hypothesised relationships. Another finding is the importance of distinguishing between early adopters who are genuinely innovative, and those potential later adopters who adopt early because they happen, by chance, to operate a farm in close proximity to another early adopter.
THE DEMAND FOR DOMESTICALLY PRODUCED SAWN TIMBER: AN APPLICATION OF THE DIEWERT COST FUNCTION
Creators: name: Doran, Howard E.
name: Williams, David F.
name: Doran, Howard E.
name: Williams, David F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The Australian demand for domestically-produced sawn timber is investigated by considering its major use - as an input into residential construction. Using a cost function approach, a system of equations is derived expressing quantities demanded in terms of relative prices. Cross-price elasticities are estimated and the falling input-output ratio of timber in residential construction is analysed by decomposing the change in this ratio into price, outputs and taste/technology effects. A major finding is that, while substitution of timber for other inputs has been encouraged through relative price movements, this effect has been more than offset by taste and technology trends away from timber usage.
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, INTERDEPENDENCE AND UNCERTAINTY
Creators: name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Anderson, Jock R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Interdependence has always been central to economics but assumes pressing importance for agricultural economists as they deal with industrialising agricultures. Continued unresolvable uncertainties, when properly recognised, also add to the challenge of relevant work in agricultural economics. The related roles of interdependence and uncertainty are illustrated through examples from the progress of agricultural technology and enhancement of food security.
SOME THOUGHTS ON COMPETENCY STANDARDS
Creators: name: Sturgess, Neil H.
name: Sturgess, Neil H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The Australian Agricultural Economics Society has made a practice of not being directly involved with political matters or taking a stance on matters of economic policy. In accordance with the constitutional objectives of the Society, our role has been to foster interest in such matters, to foster analysis of them and to facilitate discussion but not to put forward a particular viewpoint as being the Society's. On the other hand, our Constitution requires the Society: -to encourage the study of agricultural economics in Australia and to promote high standards of accomplishment in research, teaching and extension in this field'; and inter alia -to promote the profession of agricultural economics in Australia ... '. Therefore, when a matter of government policy and the way it is being implemented affects these objectives, the Society must become involved. The issue I have in mind is that which centres around competency standards in the professions and I believe that issue has the potential to assume crisis proportions for our profession.
Constraining the spin-independent elastic scattering cross section of dark matter using the Moon as a detection target and the background neutrino data
Creators: name: Chan, Man Ho
name: Lee, Chak Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our Moon is a natural giant direct-detection target for constraining dark matter. By considering the dark matter capture rate of the Moon, we obtain some constraints of the spin-independent elastic scattering cross section of dark matter particles on nucleons $σ_p^{\rm SI}$ using the background neutrino data. The upper limits of $σ_p^{\rm SI}$ can be constrained to $\sim 10^{-38}-10^{-36}$ cm$^2$ for certain `resonance dark matter mass' ranges. These stringent astrophysical constraints are complementary to the constraints obtained by the direct-detection experiments.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Prosecuting Pinochet : the role of social movements in political change
Creators: name: Major, Flavie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis analyses the Pinochet case -the arrest of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet in London with a request for extradition to Spain to be tried for his responsibility in the torture and death of numerous individuals during his term in power, from 1973 to 1990— in its relation to human rights social movements and advocacy groups. Building on Sydney Tarrow's social movements theory and a social constructivist framework for the understanding of change in the international sphere, I argue that the Pinochet case can be seen as both a cause and a consequence of human rights social movements activity. Pinochet's arrest served on the one hand as what Tarrow calls a political opportunity for human rights social actors to get mobilized and participate in the transformations occurring in Chile. It created changes in the political and judicial spheres of power which were until then very closed to their demands for truth and justice in the cases of unresolved human rights crimes. Since the 1990 democratic transition, and until the extra-territorial arrest of Pinochet, the military junta had remained very influential in Chile and had never been put under judicial scrutiny for human rights violations perpetrated during the dictatorship. Yet on the other hand, human rights social movements —increasingly transnational in their organization and activity— have contributed in the last half of the 20th century to the building of an international human rights regime which made Pinochet's arrest possible. I use a social constructivist framework to analyse the role of social movements as initiators of international normative change. By introducing norms and ideas about the need to protect human rights across borders, human rights social actors have helped to reshape the shared understanding of state sovereignty and national interest among international actors as to encompass the idea of human rights. They have contributed to set in place the legal tools which allowed the extra-territorial prosecution of a former dictator. Social movements theory and social constructivism are combined in this study to analyse the power of social movements in the process of political change. They illustrate how, in the Pinochet case, social movements contributed to create the opportunity which they used for further mobilization and activism.
[Letter from Emily Carr to Ruth Humphrey]
Creators: name: Carr, Emily, 1871-1945
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Letter to Ruth Humphrey from Emily Carr dated July 6 - 2 pp., cover. Cover postmarked July 8, 1941. Comments on cover by R.H.: "K.W. almost born -- Small taken on trust -- pictures for West -- Has been painting (5 new Indian ones nearly finished)".
On the use of the $V^{N-M}$ approximation in atomic calculations
Creators: name: Dzuba, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that $V^{N-M}$ approximation is a good starting point for the configuration interaction calculations for many-electron atoms and ions. $N$ is the total number of electrons in the neutral atom, $M$ is the number of valence electrons. $V^{N-M}$ is the self-consistent Hartree Fock potential for a closed-shell ion with all valence electrons removed. Using of the $V^{N-M}$ approximation considerably simplifies the many-body perturbation theory for the core-valence correlations. It makes it easier to include higher-order correlations which often significantly improves the accuracy of the calculations. Calculations for krypton and barium and their positive ions are presented for illustration.
description: 5 pages,1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. A
PROSPECTS FOR CONTINGENT VALUATION: LESSONS FROM THE SOUTH-EAST FORESTS
Creators: name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Carter, Marc
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Carter, Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) has been strongly criticised in Australia following two prominent applications. The aims in this paper are to review these criticisms and to demonstrate how, through an application of the method, these potential problems were addressed. The results of the application - a valuation of the conservation benefits of the National Estate forests of Southeastern Australia - are presented. A key feature of the application was the use of focus group testing in the questionnaire design phase. Finally, an assessment is made of the future prospects for the use of the CVM in Australia.
Caltech-NRAO Stripe 82 Survey (CNSS). IV. The Birth of Radio-loud Quasar 013815+00
Creators: name: Kunert-Bajraszewska, Magdalena
name: Wolowska, Aleksandra
name: Mooley, Kunal
name: Kharb, Preeti
name: Hallinan, Gregg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is believed that the gas accretion onto the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is the main process of powering its luminous emission, which occurs in optical, UV and X-ray regimes and less frequently in radio waves. The observational fact that only a few percent of quasars are radio-loud is still an unresolved issue concerning the understanding of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) population. Here we present a detection of a rapid transition from the radio-quiet to the radio-loud mode in quasar 013815+00 (z=0.94) which coincides with changes of its UV-optical continuum and the low ionization MgII broadline. We interpret this as an enhancement of accretion onto a central black hole of mass about 10^9 solar masses. As a consequence a new radio-loud AGN was born. Its spectral and morphological properties indicate that it went through the short gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) phase at the beginning of its activity and has now stabilized its flux density at the level of a few mJy. The radio morphology of 013815+00 is very compact and we predict that with such short-term jet activity its development will be very slow. The observed luminosity changes of the accretion disk are shorter than the lifetime of the new radio phase in 013815+00.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ
Cluster Ellipticities as a Cosmological Probe
Creators: name: Ho, Shirley
name: Bahcall, Neta
name: Bode, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dependence of ellipticities of clusters of galaxies on cosmological parameters using large-scale cosmological simulations. We determine cluster ellipticities out to redshift unity for LCDM models with different mean densities $Ω_m$ and amplitudes of mass fluctuation $σ_{8,0}$. The mean ellipticity increases monotonically with redshift for all models. Larger values of $σ_{8,0}$, i.e., earlier cluster formation time, produce lower ellipticities. The dependence of ellipticity on $Ω_m$ is relatively weak in the range $0.2 \leq Ω_m \leq 0.5$ for high mass clusters. The mean ellipticity $\bar{e}(z)$ decreases linearly with the amplitude of fluctuations at the cluster redshift $z$, nearly independent of $Ω_m$; on average, older clusters are more relaxed and are thus less elliptical. The distribution of ellipticities about the mean is approximated by a Gaussian, allowing a simple characterization of the evolution of ellipticity with redshift as a function of cosmological parameters. At $z=0$, the mean ellipticity of high mass clusters is approximated by $\bar{e}(z=0) = 0.248-0.069 σ_{8,0} + 0.013 Ω_{m,0}$. This relation opens up the possibility that, when compared with future observations of large cluster samples, the mean cluster ellipticity and its evolution could be used as a new, independent tool to constrain cosmological parameters, especially the amplitude of mass fluctuations, $σ_{8,0}$.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Study of Tsallis holographic dark energy model in the framework of Fractal cosmology
Creators: name: Mamon, Abdulla Al
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the evolution of a fractal universe composed of Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) and a pressureless dark matter that interact with each other through a mutual interaction. We then reconstruct the interaction term of this model by considering the Hubble length as the IR cut-off scale. We also study the behavior of different cosmological parameters during the cosmic evolution from the early matter-dominated era until the late-time acceleration. The present study shows that the universe undergoes a smooth transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase of expansion in the recent past. Moreover, we also shown the evolution of the normalized Hubble parameter for our model and compared that with the latest cosmic chronometer data. Finally, we test the viability of the model by exploring its stability against small perturbation by using the squared of the sound speed.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in MPLA
THE WILLINGNESS OF CONSUMERS TO PAY FOR ATTRIBUTES OF LAMB
Creators: name: Mullen, John D.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
name: Mullen, John D.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: A contingent valuation approach has been used to estimate the willingness to pay by consumers for changes in leanness and portion size in lamb loin chops. Over 800 consumers were interviewed at four major shopping centres in Sydney. Consumers were prepared to buy loin chops with more fat cover at a discounted price but were unwilling to offer a premium for chops with a larger area of red meat.
Charm Quark Energy Loss in QCD Matter
Creators: name: Xiang, W. C.
name: Ding, H. T.
name: Zhou, D. C.
name: Rohrich, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy loss of heavy quarks in a quark-gluon plasma of finite size is studied within the light-cone integral approach. A simple analytical formulation of the radiative energy loss of heavy quarks is derived. This provides a convenient way to quantitatively estimate the quark energy loss. Our results show that if the energy of a heavy quark is much larger than its mass, the radiative energy loss approaches the radiative energy loss of light quarks.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal A
CONTRADICTORY PREDICTIONS ON SUPPLY RESPONSE UNDER STABILIZATION: A RECONCILIATION
Creators: name: Quiggin, John C.
name: Quiggin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Two separate bodies of literature on stabilization give radically different results, yet these contradictions have not attracted any attention. The first arises from the neoclassical theory of stabilization and predicts that beneficial stabilization will always attract positive supply response. The second arises from the work of Newbery and Stiglitz and predicts 'perverse' supply response for highly risk averse producers. In this paper, the differences which yield these results are described and some suggestions are made for a generalized model.
ON THE NEGLECT OF DYNAMICS, RISK AND MARKET INSULATION IN THE ANALYSIS OF URUGUAY ROUND FOOD TRADE REFORMS
Creators: name: Tyers, Rodney
name: Tyers, Rodney
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The substantial investment in models of international food markets prior to and during the Uruguay Round of international trade negotiations has been a mixed blessing so far as the prospects for reform are concerned. At worst, results from these models have misled the negotiations because they have most often ignored a primary concern lending domestic political support to food market interventions, namely the avoidance of risks borne of dependence on international markets. In this paper the reasons for market insulating policies are reviewed and their links with protection elucidated. Some errors that have stemmed from the application of 'standard' but inappropriate models are noted. Finally, the implications of extending the standard method to include dynamic behaviour and market insulating policies are examined.
Transformers for Modeling Physical Systems
Creators: name: Geneva, Nicholas
name: Zabaras, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transformers are widely used in natural language processing due to their ability to model longer-term dependencies in text. Although these models achieve state-of-the-art performance for many language related tasks, their applicability outside of the natural language processing field has been minimal. In this work, we propose the use of transformer models for the prediction of dynamical systems representative of physical phenomena. The use of Koopman based embeddings provide a unique and powerful method for projecting any dynamical system into a vector representation which can then be predicted by a transformer. The proposed model is able to accurately predict various dynamical systems and outperform classical methods that are commonly used in the scientific machine learning literature.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, 3 appendices