cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Framework
Creators: name: Sheng, Guangming
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Ye, Zilingfeng
name: Wu, Xibin
name: Zhang, Wang
name: Zhang, Ru
name: Peng, Yanghua
name: Lin, Haibin
name: Wu, Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2

description: Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used in Large Language Model (LLM) alignment. Traditional RL can be modeled as a dataflow, where each node represents computation of a neural network (NN) and each edge denotes data dependencies between the NNs. RLHF complicates the dataflow by expanding each node into a distributed LLM training or generation program, and each edge into a many-to-many multicast. Traditional RL frameworks execute the dataflow using a single controller to instruct both intra-node computation and inter-node communication, which can be inefficient in RLHF due to large control dispatch overhead for distributed intra-node computation. Existing RLHF systems adopt a multi-controller paradigm, which can be inflexible due to nesting distributed computation and data communication. We propose HybridFlow, which combines single-controller and multi-controller paradigms in a hybrid manner to enable flexible representation and efficient execution of the RLHF dataflow. We carefully design a set of hierarchical APIs that decouple and encapsulate computation and data dependencies in the complex RLHF dataflow, allowing efficient operation orchestration to implement RLHF algorithms and flexible mapping of the computation onto various devices. We further design a 3D-HybridEngine for efficient actor model resharding between training and generation phases, with zero memory redundancy and significantly reduced communication overhead. Our experimental results demonstrate 1.53$\times$~20.57$\times$ throughput improvement when running various RLHF algorithms using HybridFlow, as compared with state-of-the-art baselines. HybridFlow source code will be available at https://github.com/volcengine/verl.
The Latin American debt
Creators: name: Vidal, Claudio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The main purpose of this study is to contribute to a theory of the causes of the Latin American international debt in the framework of the sociology of change and development, which has analyzed international debt only in passing. The study first examines international debt in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from the elaboration of the world-system up to the economic depression of the 1930s. Using data from the International Monetary Fund, the Bank for International Settlements, the Economic Commission for Latin America and other primary and secondary sources, the thesis analyses the process which begins after the Second World War and the efforts to create a new international financial order at Bretton Woods which has led to the contemporary debt crisis that has been especially severe in Latin America. The study indicates that debt crises are a recurrent phenomenon. It is suggested that the periodic occurrence of debt crisis is due to the functioning of capitalist production and accumulation. It is further argued that the cycle of debt begins with an excessive accumulation of money in the financial markets, and that this excessive liquidity is the result of depressive tendencies in the productive sectors of the economy. To solve the problem of diminished circulation, banks and other financial institutions energetically promote off—shore lending, which increases international indebtedness. A coincidence of interests between a segment of the ruling elites in debtor countries, and the financial sectors in the creditor countries tends to increase the debt load and exacerbate economic problems. This has been particularly the case in Latin America since the 1960s which has led to the crisis of the 1980S. The thesis suggests that, contrary to common belief, the international capitalist system can emerge from debt crisis with added strength. The self-serving pattern of elite management of such crisis, however, reinforces and deepens social and economic inequalities.
Optimality of feedback control strategies for qubit purification
Creators: name: Wiseman, Howard M.
name: Bouten, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently two papers [K. Jacobs, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 67}, 030301(R) (2003); H. M. Wiseman and J. F. Ralph, New J. Physics {\bf 8}, 90 (2006)] have derived control strategies for rapid purification of qubits, optimized with respect to various goals. In the former paper the proof of optimality was not mathematically rigorous, while the latter gave only heuristic arguments for optimality. In this paper we provide rigorous proofs of optimality in all cases, by applying simple concepts from optimal control theory, including Bellman equations and verification theorems.
description: 6 pages. very minor improvements
Schwartz functions on Nash manifolds
Creators: name: Aizenbud, Avraham
name: Gourevitch, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14P20; 46F99

description: In this paper we extend the notions of Schwartz functions, tempered functions and generalized Schwartz functions to Nash (i.e. smooth semi-algebraic) manifolds. We reprove for this case classically known properties of Schwartz functions on $R^n$ and build some additional tools which are important in representation theory.
description: 35 pages, LaTex. v3:minor changes + reference to results of duCloux
D.5.3.1_WATERCARE_Final Governance guidelines
Creators: name: Bolognini, Luigi
name: Giorgetti, Sara
name: Marini, Mauro
name: Penna, Pierluigi
name: Moro, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Adriatic sea;
European directives;
Microbial contamination;
Rainfall events;
Decision support system;
Bathing water;
WQIS;
Guidelines

description: Project WATERCARE - Introduction
description: ID 10044130 - Project WATERCARE
Microstructural, Corrosion and Abrasive Characteristics of Titanium Matrix Composites
Creators: name: Figiel, P.
name: Garbiec, D.
name: Biedunkiewicz, A.
name: Biedunkiewicz, W.
name: Kochmański, P.
name: Wróbel, R.
Publisher: name: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences
Year: 2018
Subjects: SPS
Titanium matrix composite
sliding wear
corrosion resistance

description: Commercially pure titanium is less expensive, generally more corrosion resistant and lower in strength than its alloys, and is not heat-treatable. The use of Ti and its alloys as construction materials under severe friction and wear conditions is limited due to their poor tribological properties. Nevertheless, proper addition of hard ceramic particles into Ti and its alloys has proved to be an efficient way to enhance their mechanical and wear properties. Our purpose in this work was to analyze the corrosion, tribocorrosion, mechanical and morphological effects of combining titanium carbide with titanium metal, to create a unique composite via spark plasma sintering technique (SPS). Composites with different mass percentage (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %) of ceramic phase were produced. The samples of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy were also tested, as a reference. These composites were examined for mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in an environment similar to the human body (Ringer’s solution). Open circuit potential (OPC) and anodic polarization measurements were performed. The properties of titanium composites reinforced with micro- and nanocrystalline TiC powders were compared. It was stated that wear properties were significantly improved with increasing amount of TiC in matrix, especially in the case of nanocrystalline reinforcement. In terms of corrosion resistance, the composites showed slightly worse properties compared to pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Bivariate Quantile Functions and their Applications to Reliability Modelling
Creators: name: Vineshkumar, Balakrishnapillai
name: Nair, Narayanan Unnikrishnan
Publisher: name: Statistica
Year: 2019
Subjects: Bivariate quantile functions; Hazard and mean residual quantile functions; Bivariate linear hazard (mean residual) quantile function distribution

description: In this paper we propose a new definition of bivariate quantile function suited for reliability modelling and illustrate its applications. The bivariate hazard and mean residual quantile functions are defined and their properties are studied. Examples of generating new quantile functions and application of the results to model data are provided.
description: Statistica, Vol 79, No 1 (2019)
Music-induced emotions influence intertemporal decision making
Creators: name: Zhou, Linshu
name: Yang, Yufang
name: Li, Shu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: People tend to choose smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards. This phenomenon is thought to be associated with emotional engagement. However, few studies have demonstrated the real-time impact of incidental emotions on intertemporal choices. This research investigated the effects of music-induced incidental emotions on intertemporal choices, during which happy or sad music was played simultaneously. We found that music-induced happiness made participants prefer smaller-but-sooner rewards (SS), whereas music-induced sadness made participants prefer larger-but-later rewards (LL). Time perception partially mediated this effect: the greater the perceived temporal difference, the more likely they were to prefer SS. Tempo and mode were then manipulated to disentangle the effects of arousal and mood on intertemporal choices. Only tempo-induced arousal, but not mode-induced mood, affected intertemporal choices. These results suggest the role of arousal in intertemporal decision making and provide evidence in support of equate-to-differentiate theory with regard to the non-compensatory mechanism in intertemporal choices.
The Odd Log-Logistic Power Series Family of Distributions: Properties and Applications
Creators: name: Goldoust, Mehdi
name: Rezaei, Sadegh
name: Alizadeh, Mojtaba
name: Nadarajah, Saralees
Publisher: name: Statistica
Year: 2019
Subjects: Estimation; Odd log-logistic family of distributions; Power series distribution; Sensitivity analysis

description: A new family of continuous distributions obtained by compounding the odd log-logistic and power series distributions is introduced. The mathematical properties of the proposed family are discussed. The estimation of the parameters is considered by the maximum likelihood method. In order to assess the finite sample performance of maximum likelihood estimators, simulation studies are performed. Finally, the potentiality of the family is illustrated by means of applications to two real data sets.
description: Statistica, Vol 79, No 1 (2019)
Estimation in Inverse Weibull Distribution Based on Randomly Censored Data
Creators: name: Kumar, Kapil
name: Kumar, Indrajeet
Publisher: name: Statistica
Year: 2019
Subjects: Random censoring; Inverse Weibull distribution; Maximum likelihood estimation; Expected Fisher information; Expected time on test; MCMC technique

description: This article deals with the estimation of the parameters and reliability characteristics in inverse Weibull (IW) distribution based on the random censoring model. The censoring distribution is also taken as an IW distribution. Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters, survival and failure rate functions are derived. Asymptotic confidence intervals of the parameters based on the Fisher information matrix are constructed. Bayes estimators of the parameters, survival and failure rate functions under squared error loss function using non-informative and gamma informative priors are developed. Furthermore, Bayes estimates are obtained using Tierney-Kadane's approximation method and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Also, highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals of the parameters based on MCMC techniques are constructed. A simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of various estimates. Finally, a randomly censored real data set supports the estimation procedures developed in this article.
description: Statistica, Vol 79, No 1 (2019)
Unit-Gompertz Distribution with Applications
Creators: name: Mazucheli, Josmar
name: Maringa, André Felipe
name: Dey, Sanku
Publisher: name: Statistica
Year: 2019
Subjects: Gompertz distribution; Maximum likelihood estimators; Monte Carlo simulation

description: The transformed family of distributions are sometimes very useful to explore additional properties of the phenomenons which non-transformed (baseline) family of distributions cannot. In this paper, we introduce a new transformed model, called the unit-Gompertz (UG) distribution which exhibit right-skewed (unimodal) and reversed-J shaped density while the hazard rate has constant, increasing, upside-down bathtub and then bathtub shaped hazard rate. Some statistical properties of this new distribution are presented and discussed. Maximum likelihood estimation for the parameters that index UG distribution are derived along with their corresponding asymptotic standard errors. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to investigate the bias, root mean squared error of the maximum likelihood estimators as well as the coverage probability. Finally, the potentiality of the model is presented and compared with three others distributions using two real data sets.
description: Statistica, Vol 79, No 1 (2019)
Additional file 2: of Deletion of the murine ortholog of the 8q24 gene desert has anti-cancer effects in transgenic mammary cancer models
Creators: name: Homer-Bouthiette, Collin
name: Zhao, Yang
name: Shunkwiler, Lauren
name: Peel, Benjamine
name: Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth
name: Baird, Rachael
name: Rissman, Anna
name: Guest, Stephen
name: Ethier, Stephen
name: John, Manorama
name: Powers, Patricia
name: Haag, Jill
name: Gould, Michael
name: Smits, Bart
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S1. List of primers, QPCR assays and BACs Table S2. 2-Way ANOVA for lung metastatic foci in PyVT mammary transplantation assay. Table S3. Total number of breast tumors in the TCGA database based on subtype. (DOCX 1631 kb)
Irrigating the Okanagan, 1860-1920
Creators: name: Wilson, Kenneth Wayne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Irrigation is a powerful means of changing the landscape, and in the Okanagan Valley between 1860 and 1920 it played a major role in shifting of the regional economy from cattle ranching and grain growing to orcharding. But irrigation is not a straightforward process of building dams, flumes and canals, as this regional study of the legal, administrative and technological background of large-scale, capital intensive irrigation in the Okanagan clearly demonstrates. Provincial water legislation is shown to refine the principles of beneficial use and prior appropriation and eliminate the stumbling block of riparian rights. For Okanagan orchardists who perceived water as a public resource, water legislation provided the means to remove it from the control of private irrigation companies. An examination of water management traces the redefinition of water as a common good rather than a private resource; the emergence of regional perspectives in water management; the shift to large scale developments reliant on large volumes of water; and the increasing reliance on scientific climatological and hydrological data for making effective water management decisions. Irrigation technology is described in relation to a system's three major components - storage, conveyance, and application. As the transfer of large volumes of water over long distances became necessary, irrigation systems became more complex and more costly to construct and maintain. Unfortunately, many of the company irrigation works were built hastily or with poor engineering judgement. As a result, a number of the valley's larger irrigation systems were in need of extensive repairs shortly after their completion. Against this background the final chapter combines the use of maps and tables to reveal the extraordinary speed with which irrigation remade the regional economy and landscape. In less than a generation tens of thousands of acres of the valley's benchlands were opened to irrigated orcharding.
Spin-isospin nuclear response using the existing microscopic Skyrme functionals
Creators: name: Fracasso, Sara
name: Colo', Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our paper aims at providing an answer to the question whether one can reliably describe the properties of the most important spin-isospin nuclear excitations, by using the available non-relativistic Skyrme energy functionals. Our method, which has been introduced in a previous publication devoted to the Isobaric Analog states, is the self-consistent Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA). The inclusion of pairing is instrumental for describing a number of experimentally measured spherical systems which are characterized by open shells. We discuss the effect of isoscalar and isovector pairing correlations. Based on the results for the Gamow-Teller resonance in $^{90}$Zr, in $^{208}$Pb and in few Sn isotopes, we draw definite conclusions on the performance of different Skyrme parametrizations, and we suggest improvements for future fits. We also use the spin-dipole resonance as a benchmark of our statements.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Establishment of Preliminary Test Estimators and Preliminary Test Confidence Intervals for Measures of Reliability of an Exponentiated Distribution Based on Type-II Censoring
Creators: name: Chaturvedi, Ajit
name: Bhatnagar, Anshika
Publisher: name: Statistica
Year: 2019
Subjects: Exponentiated distributions; Preliminary test estimator; Type-II censoring; Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator; Maximum likelihood estimator

description: The present paper has developed the preliminary test estimators (PTEs) of the model parameter raised to certain power, σp, and the two measures of reliability, namely, the reliability function, R(t ) and the reliability of an item or a system, P of an exponentiated distribution, under Type- II censoring, based on their uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators (UMVUEs) and maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs). The preliminary test confidence intervals (PTCIs) are also developed for σ, R(t ) and P based on their UMVUEs and MLEs. Further, the paper has derived expression for coverage probability of the PTCI of the model parameter, σ. Merits of the proposed PTEs are also established through analysis of simulated numerical data.
description: Statistica, Vol 79, No 1 (2019)
InSbAs two-dimensional electron gases as a platform for topological superconductivity
Creators: name: Moehle, Christian M.
name: Ke, Chung Ting
name: Wang, Qingzhen
name: Thomas, Candice
name: Xiao, Di
name: Karwal, Saurabh
name: Lodari, Mario
name: van de Kerkhof, Vincent
name: Termaat, Ruben
name: Gardner, Geoffrey C.
name: Scappucci, Giordano
name: Manfra, Michael J.
name: Goswami, Srijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological superconductivity can be engineered in semiconductors with strong spin-orbit interaction coupled to a superconductor. Experimental advances in this field have often been triggered by the development of new hybrid material systems. Among these, two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) are of particular interest due to their inherent design flexibility and scalability. Here we discuss results on a 2D platform based on a ternary 2DEG (InSbAs) coupled to in-situ grown Aluminum. The spin-orbit coupling in these 2DEGs can be tuned with the As concentration, reaching values up to 400 meV$\unicode{xC5}$, thus exceeding typical values measured in its binary constituents. In addition to a large Landé g-factor $\sim$ 55 (comparable to InSb), we show that the clean superconductor-semiconductor interface leads to a hard induced superconducting gap. Using this new platform we demonstrate the basic operation of phase-controllable Josephson junctions, superconducting islands and quasi-1D systems, prototypical device geometries used to study Majorana zero modes.
Energy Dependence of Scattering Ground State Polar Molecules
Creators: name: Ticknor, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the total cross section of ground state polar molecules in an electric field at various energies, focusing on RbCs and RbK. An external electric field polarizes the molecules and induces strong dipolar interactions leading to non-zero partial waves contributing to the scattering even as the collision energy goes to zero. This results in the need to compute scattering problems with many different values of total M to converge the total cross section. An accurate and efficient approximate total cross section is introduced and used to study the low field temperature dependence. To understand the scattering of the polar molecules we compare a semi-classical cross section with quantum unitarity limit. This comparison leads to the ability to characterize the scattering based on the value of the electric field and the collision energy.
description: Accepted PRA, 10 pages, 5 figures
Wetting transition on a one-dimensional disorder
Creators: name: Gangardt, D. M.
name: Nechaev, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider wetting of a one-dimensional random walk on a half-line $x\ge 0$ in a short-ranged potential located at the origin $x=0$. We demonstrate explicitly how the presence of a quenched chemical disorder affects the pinning-depinning transition point. For small disorders we develop a perturbative technique which enables us to compute explicitly the averaged temperature (energy) of the pinning transition. For strong disorder we compute the transition point both numerically and using the renormalization group approach. Our consideration is based on the following idea: the random potential can be viewed as a periodic potential with the period $n$ in the limit $n\to\infty$. The advantage of our approach stems from the ability to integrate exactly over all spatial degrees of freedoms in the model and to reduce the initial problem to the analysis of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of some special non-Hermitian random matrix with disorder--dependent diagonal and constant off-diagonal coefficients. We show that even for strong disorder the shift of the averaged pinning point of the random walk in the ensemble of random realizations of substrate disorder is indistinguishable from the pinning point of the system with preaveraged (i.e. annealed) Boltzmann weight.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Electronic transport in graphene: A semi-classical approach including midgap states
Creators: name: Stauber, T.
name: Peres, N. M. R.
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the semi-classical Boltzmann theory, we calculate the conductivity as function of the carrier density. As usually, we include the scattering from charged impurities, but conclude that the estimated impurity density is too low in order to explain the experimentally observed mobilities. We thus propose an additional scattering mechanism involving midgap states which leads to a similar k-dependence of the relaxation time as charged impurities. The new scattering mechanism can account for the experimental findings such as the sublinear behavior of the conductivity versus gate voltage and the increase of the minimal conductivity for clean samples. We also discuss temperature dependent scattering due to acoustic phonons.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Measurement of density correlations in pseudorapidity via charged particle multiplicity fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
Creators: name: PHENIX Collaboration
name: Adler, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Longitudinal density correlations of produced matter in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV have been measured from the inclusive charged particle distributions as a function of pseudorapidity window sizes. The extracted αξparameter, related to the susceptibility of the density fluctuations in the long wavelength limit, exhibits a non-monotonic behavior as a function of the number of participant nucleons, N_part. A local maximum is seen at N_part ~ 90, with corresponding energy density based on the Bjorken picture of ε_Bj τ~ 2.4 GeV/(fm^2 c) with a transverse area size of 60 fm^2. This behavior may suggest a critical phase boundary based on the Ginzburg-Landau framework.
description: 331 authors, 32 pages text, RevTeX4, 7 figures, 27 tables. Submitted to Physical Review C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
(:unav)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences
Year: 2021

description: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is a quarterly of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, which publishes original scientific papers and reviews in the fields of metallurgy and materials science. Papers with focus on synthesis, processing and properties of metal materials, including thermodynamic and physical properties, phase relations, and their relation to microstructure of materials are of particular interest. IMPACT FACTOR 2019: 0.586  CiteScore - 1,40; SNIP - 0,518; SJR - 0,263
Search for the Rare Decays $J/ψ\to D_{S}^{-} π^{+}$, $J/ψ\to D^{-} π^{+}$, and $J/ψ\to \bar D^{0} \bar K^{0}$
Creators: name: BES Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare decay modes $J/ψ\to D_{S}^{-} π^{+} + c.c.$, $J/ψ\to D^{-} π^{+} + c.c.$, and $J/ψ\to \bar D^{0} \bar K^{0} + c.c.$ are searched for using 5.77$\times 10^{7}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC. No signal above background is observed. We present upper limits on the branching fractions $B(J/ψ\to D_{S}^{-} π^{+})$ $
description: 10 pages 4 figures
Reasoning About Exceptional Behavior At the Level of Java Bytecode
Creators: name: Paganoni, Marco
name: Furia, Carlo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A program's exceptional behavior can substantially complicate its control flow, and hence accurately reasoning about the program's correctness. On the other hand, formally verifying realistic programs is likely to involve exceptions -- a ubiquitous feature in modern programming languages.
 In this paper, we present a novel approach to verify the exceptional behavior of Java programs, which extends our previous work on ByteBack. ByteBack works on a program's bytecode, while providing means to specify the intended behavior at the source-code level; this approach sets ByteBack apart from most state-of-the-art verifiers that target source code. To explicitly model a program's exceptional behavior in a way that is amenable to formal reasoning, we introduce Vimp: a high-level bytecode representation that extends the Soot framework's Grimp with verification-oriented features, thus serving as an intermediate layer between bytecode and the Boogie intermediate verification language. Working on bytecode through this intermediate layer brings flexibility and adaptability to new language versions and variants: as our experiments demonstrate, ByteBack can verify programs involving exceptional behavior in all versions of Java, as well as in Scala and Kotlin (two other popular JVM languages).
Two-fluid modeling of heat transfer in flows of dense suspensions
Creators: name: Nagrani, Pranay P.
name: Municchi, Federico
name: Marconnet, Amy M.
name: Christov, Ivan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a two-fluid model (TFM) for heat transfer in dense non-Brownian suspensions. Specifically, we propose closure relations for the inter-phase heat transfer coefficient and the thermal diffusivity of the particle phase based on calibration against experimental data. The model is then employed to simulate non-isothermal flow in an annular Couette cell. We find that, when the shear rate is controlled by the rotation of the inner cylinder, both the shear and thermal gradients are responsible for particle migration. Within the TFM framework, we identify the origin and functional form of a "thermo-rheological" migration force that rationalizes our observations. Furthermore, we apply our model to flow in eccentric Couette cells. Our simulations reveal that the system's heat transfer coefficient is affected by both the classic shear-induced migration of particles and the newly identified thermo-rheological migration effect.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures; v2: minor revisions, accepted for publication in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Verifying Functional Correctness Properties At the Level of Java Bytecode
Creators: name: Paganoni, Marco
name: Furia, Carlo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The breakneck evolution of modern programming languages aggravates the development of deductive verification tools, which struggle to timely and fully support all new language features. To address this challenge, we present ByteBack: a verification technique that works on Java bytecode. Compared to high-level languages, intermediate representations such as bytecode offer a much more limited and stable set of features; hence, they may help decouple the verification process from changes in the source-level language.
 ByteBack offers a library to specify functional correctness properties at the level of the source code, so that the bytecode is only used as an intermediate representation that the end user does not need to work with. Then, ByteBack reconstructs some of the information about types and expressions that is erased during compilation into bytecode but is necessary to correctly perform verification. Our experiments with an implementation of ByteBack demonstrate that it can successfully verify bytecode compiled from different versions of Java, and including several modern language features that even state-of-the-art Java verifiers (such as KeY and OpenJML) do not directly support$\unicode{x2013}$thus revealing how ByteBack's approach can help keep up verification technology with language evolution.
Practical quantum error correction with the XZZX code and Kerr-cat qubits
Creators: name: Darmawan, Andrew S.
name: Brown, Benjamin J.
name: Grimsmo, Arne L.
name: Tuckett, David K.
name: Puri, Shruti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of robust architectures capable of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation should consider both their quantum error-correcting codes, and the underlying physical qubits upon which they are built, in tandem. Following this design principle we demonstrate remarkable error correction performance by concatenating the XZZX surface code with Kerr-cat qubits. We contrast several variants of fault-tolerant systems undergoing different circuit noise models that reflect the physics of Kerr-cat qubits. Our simulations show that our system is scalable below a threshold gate infidelity of $p_\mathrm{CX} \sim 6.5\%$ within a physically reasonable parameter regime, where $p_\mathrm{CX}$ is the infidelity of the noisiest gate of our system; the controlled-not gate. This threshold can be reached in a superconducting circuit architecture with a Kerr-nonlinearity of $10$MHz, a $\sim 6.25$ photon cat qubit, single-photon lifetime of $\gtrsim 64μ$s, and thermal photon population $\lesssim 8\%$. Such parameters are routinely achieved in superconducting circuits.
The Impact of Short-Form Videos (Reels/Shorts) on Brand Awareness
Creators: name: Sharma, Dev
name: Panwar, Dr. Diksha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This research explores  their impact on audiences, filmmaking techniques, and their  role in the entertainment  industry. The  study of this research  analyzes how short films convey that they are complex theme which are  concisely  while engaging viewers emotionally and intellectually is more  with the brand. Also the statistical test like Chi-square , T-TEST and Correlation tells us the relations about the short- form videos are more likely to effective in the minds of the people who are more likely to be active on Social media platforms.  Additionally, it examines their  influence on   aspiring  filmmakers, providing a platform  for creativity   and experimentation.  With the rise  of digital platforms, short films have gained  popularity, reaching diverse audiences worldwide. This paper also discusses the role of    short films in addressing social issues, highlighting their ability to inspire change and spark  discussions. The research methodology includes case  studies and audience analysis to  assess viewer reception and the effectiveness of short films   in storytelling. Findings suggest that short films serve as a stepping stone for traditional marketing  techniques , allowing them to  showcase their talent and gain some sort of publicity for the brand.  Furthermore, the  study underscores the evolving landscape of film consumption , where short-form content is becoming increasingly significant in marketing giving the opportunity to the brands to capture more in terms of market shares. This research contributes to the understanding of short films as an essential component of contemporary in a intial stage to grow a organic traffic on site through Short films videos.
Spin effects in $p\bar p$ interaction and their possible use to polarize antiproton beams
Creators: name: Dmitriev, V. F.
name: Milstein, A. I.
name: Strakhovenko, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low energy $p\bar p$ interaction is considered taking into account the polarization of both particles. The corresponding cross sections are calculated using the Paris nucleon-antinucleon optical potential. Then they are applied to the analysis of the polarization buildup which is due to the interaction of stored antiprotons with polarized protons of a hydrogen target. It is shown that, at realistic parameters of a storage ring and a target, the filtering mechanism provides a noticeable polarization in a time comparable with the beam lifetime.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Plasticity, localization, and damage in ferritic-pearlitic steel studied by nanoscale digital image correlation
Creators: name: Vermeij, Tijmen
name: Hoefnagels, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of deformation from plasticity to localization to damage is investigated in ferritic-pearlitic steel through nanometer-resolution microstructure-correlated SEM-DIC (u-DIC) strain mapping, enabled through highly accurate microstructure-to-strain alignment. We reveal the key plasticity mechanisms in ferrite and pearlite as well as their evolution into localization and damage and their relation to the microstructural arrangement. Notably, two contrasting mechanisms were identified that control whether damage initiation in pearlite occurs and, through connection of localization hotspots in ferrite grains, potentially results in macroscale fracture: (i) cracking of pearlite bridges with relatively clean lamellar structure by brittle fracture of cementite lamellae due to build-up of strain concentrations in nearby ferrite, versus (ii) large plasticity without damage in pearlite bridges with a more "open", chaotic pearlite morphology, which enables plastic percolation paths in the interlamellar ferrite channels. Based on these insights, recommendations for damage resistant ferritic-pearlitic steels are proposed.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Relation between three-qubit entanglement invariants and two-qubit concurrence
Creators: name: Yang, Wen-Long
name: Chen, Jing-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Brief Report we show the relation between three-qubit entanglement invariants and two-qubit concurrence with the help of projective measurements. How to use these invariants to represent the entanglement property of three-qubit pure states is also investigated.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Uncovering Hidden Patterns: Approximate Resurgent Resummation from Truncated Series
Creators: name: Maiezza, Alessio
name: Vasquez, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze truncated series generated as divergent formal solutions of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Motivating the study is a specific non-linear, first-order differential equation, which is the basis of the resurgent formulation of renormalized perturbation theory in quantum field theory. We use the Borel-Padé approximant and classical analysis to determine the analytic structure of the solution using the first few terms of its asymptotic series. Afterward, we build an approximant, consistent with the resurgent properties of the equation. The procedure gives an approximate expression for the Borel-Ecalle resummation of the solution useful for practical applications. Connections with other physical applications are also discussed.
description: 24 pages, preprint based on a version to appear in Mathematics
Green's function of a finite chain and the discrete Fourier transform
Creators: name: Cojocaru, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 33C10

description: A new expression for the Green's function of a finite one-dimensional lattice with nearest neighbor interaction is derived via discrete Fourier transform. Solution of the Heisenberg spin chain with periodic and open boundary conditions is considered as an example. Comparison to Bethe ansatz clarifies the relation between the two approaches.
description: preprint of the paper published in Int. J. Modern Physics B Vol. 20, No. 5 (2006) 593-605
Additional file 1 of Threshold of main pancreatic duct for malignancy in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm at head-neck and body-tail
Creators: name: Zhou, Hao
name: Li, Xiaoshuang
name: Wang, Yajie
name: Wang, Zhiyue
name: Zhu, Jingrong
name: Wang, Zhongqiu
name: Chen, Xiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Receiver operating curve to calculate the threshold of main pancreatic duct (MPD) in identifying malignancy in branch-duct (BD)-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). The threshold was 2.9 mm for lesions at head-neck (A) and was 3.1 mm for lesions at body-tail (B).
The asymptotic limits of zero modes of massless Dirac operators
Creators: name: Saito, Yoshimi
name: Umeda, Tomio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q40; 35P99; 81Q10

description: Asymptotic behaviors of zero modes of the massless Dirac operator $H=α\cdot D + Q(x)$ are discussed, where $α= (α_1, α_2, α_3)$ is the triple of $4 \times 4$ Dirac matrices, $ D=\frac{1}{i} \nabla_x$, and $Q(x)=\big(q_{jk} (x) \big)$ is a $4\times 4$ Hermitian matrix-valued function with $| q_{jk}(x) | \le C < x >^{-ρ} $, $ρ>1$. We shall show that for every zero mode $f$, the asymptotic limit of $|x|^2f(x)$ as $|x| \to +\infty$ exists. The limit is expressed in terms of an integral of $Q(x)f(x)$.
description: 9 pages
Neutron star structure with a new force between quarks
Creators: name: Berryman, Jeffrey M.
name: Gardner, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of nondiffuse sources of gravitational waves through compact-object mergers opens new prospects for the study of physics beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we study the effects of a new force between quarks, suggested by the gauging of baryon number, on pure neutron matter at supranuclear densities. This leads to a stiffening of the equation of state, allowing neutron stars to be both larger and heavier and possibly accommodating the light progenitor of GW190814 as a neutron star. The role of conventional three-body forces in neutron star structure is still poorly understood, though they can act in a similar way, implying that the mass and radius do not in themselves resolve whether new physics is coming into play. However, a crucial feature of the scenario we propose is that the regions of the new physics parameter space that induce observable changes to neutron star structure are testable at low-energy accelerator facilities. This testability distinguishes our scenario from other classes of new phenomena in dense matter.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; updated to match journal version
On the continuous dual Hahn process
Creators: name: Bryc, Wlodek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J25, 33C45

description: In this note we extend the continuous dual Hahn process constructed by Corwin and Knizel on a finite time interval to the entire real line by taking a limit of a closely related Markov process. We also characterize this Markov processes by conditional means and variances under bidirectional conditioning.
Exploring Evaporating Primordial Black Holes with Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Domènech, Guillem
name: Takhistov, Volodymyr
name: Sasaki, Misao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) from the early Universe have been connected with the nature of dark matter and can significantly affect cosmological history. We show that coincidence dark radiation and density fluctuation gravitational wave signatures associated with evaporation of $\lesssim10^9$ g PBHs can be used to explore and obtain important hints about the formation mechanisms of spinning and non-spinning PBHs spanning orders of magnitude in mass-range, which is challenging to do otherwise.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure; matches published version
Tu Fu and his nineteen hepta-syllabic regulated verses
Creators: name: Winters, Alison Kit Ping
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Though Tu Fu was one of China's most prolific poets, his accomplishments and contributions to Chinese poetry were not widely or fully recognized by contemporary writers and scholars during his life time. This thesis provides a detailed study of a manageable portion of Tu Fu's work—nineteen poems—related by their form, which is hepta-syllabic regulated verse, their period, approximately two years in the author's life, their theme of nostalgia, and by three poetic techniques. Chapter one presents a biographical sketch of Tu Fu; it focuses on those aspects of his life and historical context which bear directly on an understanding of the poetry he wrote in K'uei-chou in 766 and 767 A.D. In chapter two I review past criticism of Tu Fu's works from the 12th century to the 19th century and summarize the three major approaches which have characterized past scholarship. In this chapter I also discuss my own approach to Tu Fu's poetry, an approach which is based on the assumption that his works are perhaps best considered in terms of theme and poetic techniques. In the nineteen poems which I analyse, Tu Fu expresses his deep sense of nostalgia toward Ch'ang-an and, insofar as they are thematically connected, I believe there is much to be learned from taking these poems and analysing the three poetic techniques—association of one time with another, association of one place with another, and transformation of the external world informed by the subjective world, which Tu Fu uses to express the theme of nostalgia. Chapter three is a study of Tu Fu's nineteen hepta-syllabic regulated verses written in K'uei-chou in 766 and 767 A.D. In this chapter, I cite each poem in translation; then I discuss the imagery, meaning, and poetic technique of each poem. In chapter four I summarize Tu Fu's poetic techniques employed in these poems. I conclude that Tu Fu expresses his spiritual torment eloquently and gracefully, and that his poetic techniques are as impressive and innovative by the standards of today as they were in his own time.