cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The occupational determinants of health: A labor market segmentation analysis
Creators: name: Waitzman, Norman Jethro
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: The thesis contains two major theoretical strains, one critical, the other constructive. The critical strain concerns the theory of wage compensating differentials for differential workplace risk in the labor market. Under the theory, workers choose health outcomes by choosing from among the portfolio of jobs available to them. It is maintained, however, that the theory relies on a model of health risk--a "labor market risk" model--that is incomplete; it emphasizes isolable and external events that are purportedly confined within the labor market to the exclusion of structural determinants of health embedded in the occupational class structure. The constructive strain of the thesis forwards an alternative, "occupational determinants" model of health that focuses on structural determinants arising from labor market segmentation. Health risk is posited to increase the lower one is situated on the occupational hierarchy due to higher levels of competing physical hazards and higher levels of stress. The existence of structural determinants of health does not preclude the possibility that workers face options in the labor market over health outcomes. The issue lends itself to empirical analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model is applied to the mortality and morbidity experience of the National Longitudinal Survey's mature male cohort studied from 1966 to 1981. In addition to risk measures associated with wage differentials in various studies, variables assessing class location and other control variables associated with health status are entered into the analysis. The variables assessing class location are found to be powerful determinants of health outcomes. Individual job risk measures, on the other hand, are often found to be wrong-signed and insignificant. The empirical results from the thesis discredit the notion that efficient labor market conditions assure worker choice over health outcomes. Health and safety regulatory policy should address, in addition to individuated risks, the regimentation and routinization of work--as well as other sources of occupational stress--that tend to characterize jobs at the lower end of the occupational structure. In addition, macroeconomic policy directed at full employment as well as labor law reform directed at strengthening labor unions, are implicated as important occupational health policies.
Production Efficiency Analysis with A Farm-Level Average-Cost Characteristic Curves
Creators: name: Lawanprasert, Aroon
name: Debertin, David L.
name: Lawanprasert, Aroon
name: Debertin, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Production Economics
Productivity Analysis

description: Farm Program analysis often involves the measurement of production efficiency. This paper presents a theoretical model that can be used to measure the farm-level long-run and short-run production efficiency. It also provides unbiased estimates of the minimum cost of producing an output within an enterprise. The model is a computationally feasible approach that can be applied to agricultural data from primary and secondary sources.
Additional file 2 of Transcriptional profiling and physiological roles of Aedes aegypti spermathecal-related genes
Creators: name: Tales Vicari Pascini
name: Ramalho-Ortigão, Marcelo
name: Ribeiro, José Marcos
name: Jacobs-Lorena, Marcelo
name: Martins, Gustavo Ferreira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Expression profiles and fitness effects from knockdown of selected transcripts including survival, oviposition rates, fecundity, and morphological effect on Ae. aegypti female ovaries.
The occupational determinants of health: A labor market segmentation analysis
Creators: name: Waitzman, Norman Jethro
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The thesis contains two major theoretical strains, one critical, the other constructive. The critical strain concerns the theory of wage compensating differentials for differential workplace risk in the labor market. Under the theory, workers choose health outcomes by choosing from among the portfolio of jobs available to them. It is maintained, however, that the theory relies on a model of health risk--a "labor market risk" model--that is incomplete; it emphasizes isolable and external events that are purportedly confined within the labor market to the exclusion of structural determinants of health embedded in the occupational class structure. The constructive strain of the thesis forwards an alternative, "occupational determinants" model of health that focuses on structural determinants arising from labor market segmentation. Health risk is posited to increase the lower one is situated on the occupational hierarchy due to higher levels of competing physical hazards and higher levels of stress. The existence of structural determinants of health does not preclude the possibility that workers face options in the labor market over health outcomes. The issue lends itself to empirical analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model is applied to the mortality and morbidity experience of the National Longitudinal Survey's mature male cohort studied from 1966 to 1981. In addition to risk measures associated with wage differentials in various studies, variables assessing class location and other control variables associated with health status are entered into the analysis. The variables assessing class location are found to be powerful determinants of health outcomes. Individual job risk measures, on the other hand, are often found to be wrong-signed and insignificant. The empirical results from the thesis discredit the notion that efficient labor market conditions assure worker choice over health outcomes. Health and safety regulatory policy should address, in addition to individuated risks, the regimentation and routinization of work--as well as other sources of occupational stress--that tend to characterize jobs at the lower end of the occupational structure. In addition, macroeconomic policy directed at full employment as well as labor law reform directed at strengthening labor unions, are implicated as important occupational health policies.
1915-01-25 A.D. Black to McKay
Creators: name: Black, G. V. (Greene Vardiman), 1836-1915.
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1915
Subjects: Dental Fluorosis
Tooth Abnormalities
Fluoridation
Colorado

description: Title: A.D. Black to McKay Container: c02 id: level:
Heat Load-Induced Changes in Lying Behavior and Lying Cubicle Occupancy of Lactating Dairy Cows in a Naturally Ventilated Barn
Creators: name: Heinicke, Julia
name: Ott, Aline
name: Ammon, Christian
name: Amon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: dairy cow
subject: temperature-humidity index
subject: heat load
subject: lying time
subject: lying cubicle occupancy
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Dairy cows show a high sensitivity to changes in barn climate, which can result in physiological and ethological responses because of the homeostatic mechanisms to regulate the body temperature under heat load. The objective of this study was to analyze the lying behavior and occupancy of lying cubicles of lactating high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows throughout the day during three summer months and three winter months. The study was conducted in summer 2016 and in winter 2016/17 in a naturally ventilated barn in Brandenburg, Germany. The determined temperaturehumidity index (THI) of the barn was calculated using the measured ambient temperature and relative humidity at eight locations inside the barn. The THI was used to define the heat load the cows were exposed to. The activity of the cows was measured with accelerometers, and a video recording was made to analyze the occupancy of the three rows of lying cubicles. The results indicated that increasing heat load led to a decrease in lying time; therefore, the daily lying time differed between summer and winter months. In addition, there were different patterns of lying behavior during the course of the day, depending on the season. A sharp decline in lying time could be observed especially in the afternoon hours during the summer. The occupancy of lying cubicles was also influenced by the heat load. The data could be helpful to enable evaluation with algorithms for early detection of heat load.
Raman spectroscopy of alpha-FeOOH (goethite) near antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition
Creators: name: Abrashev, M. V.
name: Ivanov, V. G.
name: Stefanov, B. S.
name: Todorov, N. D.
name: Rosell, J.
name: Skumryev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synthetic powder, ore samples and mineral single crystals of goethite ($α-$FeOOH) were investigated with polarized Raman spectroscopy at temperatures from 300 K to 473 K. The symmetry of the vibrational modes, observed in different scattering configurations, was determined unequivocally. The assignment of the Raman-active modes to definite atomic vibrations is supported by two types of lattice-dynamical calculations: empirical shell-model and $\textit{ab initio}$ DFT. The temperature dependencies of the lineshape parameters of some Raman-active vibrations near to the antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition infers for a significant spin-lattice coupling in this compound. The most informative in this aspect is the $B_{3g}$ phonon at 387 cm$^{-1}$, which overlays a broad scattering background and displays a pronounced asymmetric Fano-lineshape. The asymmetry increases in the paramagnetic state above the Neel temperature ($T_{\text{N}}$ = 393 K) indicating a strong interaction of this mode with the underlying excitation continuum. The origin of the excitation background is discussed in light of our experimental results and the existing data for the magnetic structure and transport properties of $α-$FeOOH. We rationalize that, most probably, the background stems from magnetic excitations, and the asymmetric shape of the $B_{3g}$ phonon is a result of a linear spin-phonon coupling of this mode with the Fe-O1-Fe spin dimers. Another mechanism, a phonon interaction with thermally activated charge carriers above above $T_{\text{N}}$, is also considered.
The impact of the land reform politics under the Shah on the development and social formation of Iran
Creators: name: Khojasteh, Abdolrahim
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation investigates the land reform process. It examines whether the land reform, alongside other developmental and agricultural policies, did in fact: (1) develop the country's agriculture; and (2) transformed the existing social structure and relations of production in rural Iran. Since the study views the pattern of landownership as one of class relations, an economic as well as political and social problem, it follows a political economy approach involving theory and history, analysis and description. Although the inquiry draws upon previously published historical and statistical data and research efforts of earlier scholars, it represents a new approach which is based on class analysis, employing the concepts modes and relations of production in explaining the development of rural society and land reform processes. Further, it focuses on developments in agriculture in connection with development policies in other areas of the economy. The findings make clear that the objectives originally set for land reform were not achieved by the three stages of the reform. First, the overwhelming majority of peasants received plots which were rarely sufficient to sustain their families. They lacked marketable surplus products to become involved in exchange relations with the commodity market. Therefore, a class of self-reliant, prosperous and independent peasant proprietors was not created; social or class differentiation, a prerequisite for the development of capitalist relations and capital accumulation, did not develop among the new peasant holders. Second, land reform did not lead to the actual break-up of large landholdings; besides, many new landlords emerged and joined the ranks of the oldtimers. Third, the state's development strategy in general, and its agricultural and reform policies in particular, discouraged agricultural productivity, reinforced subsistence farming, led to severe inflation, and to the decline of agriculture. Overall, they failed to develop the economy; rather, the country became more dependent on the international market. In sum, the peasantry was not emancipated, the dominant production relations, characterized by sharecropping and subsistence farming, were not transformed, the predominant mode of production in rural Iran remained precapitalist, and the plight of agriculture and the cultivators continued.
Short-term CO2 emissions forecasting based on decomposition approaches and its impact on electricity market scheduling
Creators: name: Bokde, Neeraj
name: Tranberg, Bo
name: Andresen, Gorm Bruun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The world is facing major challenges related to global warming and emissions of greenhouse gases is a major causing factor. In 2017, energy industries accounted for 46% of all CO2 emissions globally, which shows a large potential for reduction. This paper proposes a novel short-term CO2 emissions forecast to enable intelligent scheduling of flexible electricity consumption to minimize the resulting CO2 emissions. Two proposed time series decomposition methods are developed for short-term forecasting of the CO2 emissions of electricity. These are in turn bench-marked against a set of state-of-the-art models. The result is a new forecasting method with a 48-hour horizon targeted the day-ahead electricity market. Forecasting benchmarks for France show that the new method has a mean absolute percentage error that is 25% lower than the best performing state-of-the-art model. Further, application of the forecast for scheduling flexible electricity consumption is studied for five European countries. Scheduling a flexible block of 4 hours of electricity consumption in a 24 hour interval can on average reduce the resulting CO2 emissions by 25% in France, 17% in Germany, 69% in Norway, 20% in Denmark, and just 3% in Poland when compared to consuming at random intervals during the day.
Three Dimensional Nonlinear Sigma Models in the Wilsonian Renormalization Method
Creators: name: Higashijima, K.
name: Itou, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The three dimensional nonlinear sigma model is unrenormalizable in perturbative method. By using the $β$ function in the nonperturbative Wilsonian renormalization group method, we argue that ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric nonlinear $σ$ models are renormalizable in three dimensions. When the target space is an Einstein-Kähler manifold with positive scalar curvature, such as C$P^N$ or $Q^N$, there are nontrivial ultraviolet (UV) fixed point, which can be used to define the nontrivial continuum theory. If the target space has a negative scalar curvature, however, the theory has only the infrared Gaussian fixed point, and the sensible continuum theory cannot be defined. We also construct a model which interpolates between the C$P^N$ and $Q^N$ models with two coupling constants. This model has two non-trivial UV fixed points which can be used to define the continuum theory. Finally, we construct a class of conformal field theories with ${\bf SU}(N)$ symmetry, defined at the fixed point of the nonperturbative $β$ function. These conformal field theories have a free parameter corresponding to the anomalous dimension of the scalar fields. If we choose a specific value of the parameter, we recover the conformal field theory defined at the UV fixed point of C$P^N$ model and the symmetry is enhanced to ${\bf SU}(N+1)$.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, references added
Macroscopic quantum information channel via the polarization-sensitive interaction between the light and spin subsystems
Creators: name: Mishina, Oksana
name: Kupriyanov, Dmitriy
name: Polzik, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the quantum information channel, which is based on coherent and polarization sensitive interaction of light and atomic spin waves. We show that the joint Heisenberg dynamics of the polarization Stokes components of light and of the angular momenta of atoms has a wave nature and can be properly described in terms of the macroscopic polariton-type spin wave created in the sample. The principles of the quantum memory and readout protocols via the wave coupling of the output time modes in the light subsystem and the output spatial modes in the spin subsystem are demonstrated.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, plenary talk presented at NATO ASI in Quantum Information and Quantum Computation
Explicit symmetric DGLA models of 3-cells
Creators: name: Griniasty, Itay
name: Lawrence, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55U15 17B01 17B55

description: We give explicit formulae for differential graded Lie algebra (DGLA) models of 3-cells. In particular, for a cube and an $n$-faceted banana-shaped 3-cell with two vertices, $n$ edges each joining those two vertices and $n$ bi-gon 2-cells, we construct a model symmetric under the geometric symmetries of the cell fixing two antipodal vertices. The cube model is to be used in forthcoming work for discrete analogues of differential geometry on cubulated manifolds.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Characterization and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from multiple canine adipose tissue sources
Creators: name: Rashid, Usman
name: Yousaf, Arfan
name: Yaqoob, Muhammad
name: Saba, Evelyn
name: Moaeen-Ud-Din, Muhammad
name: Waseem, Shahid
name: Becker, Sandra K.
name: Sponder, Gerhard
name: Aschenbach, Jörg R.
name: Sandhu, Mansur Abdullah
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesenchymal stem cell
subject: Adipose tissue
subject: Dog
subject: Adipogenesis
subject: Osteogenesis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to a mesoderm lineage. Adipose-derived MSCs are an easy and accessible source for MSCs isolation, although each source of MSC has its own advantages and disadvantages. Our study identifies a promising source for the isolation and differentiation of canines MSCs. For this purpose, adipose tissue from inguinal subcutaneous (SC), perirenal (PR), omental (OM), and infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) was isolated and processed for MSCs isolation. In the third passage, MSCs proliferation/metabolism, surface markers expression, in vitro differentiation potential and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (CD73, CD90, CD105, PPARγ, FabP4, FAS, SP7, Osteopontin, and Osteocalcin) were evaluated. Results Our results showed that MSCs derived from IPFP have a higher proliferation rate, while OM-derived MSCs have higher cell metabolism. In addition, MSCs from all adipose tissue sources showed positive expression of CD73 (NT5E), CD90 (THY1), CD105 (ENDOGLIN), and very low expression of CD45. The isolated canine MSCs were successfully differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. The oil-red-O quantification and adipogenic gene expression (FAS, FabP4, and PPARγ) were higher in OM-derived cells, followed by IPFP-MSCs. Similarly, in osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene (SP7 and Osteocalcin) expression were higher in OM-derived MSCs, while osteopontin expression was higher in PR-derived MSCs. Conclusion In summary, among all four adipose tissue sources, OM-derived MSCs have better differentiation potential toward adipo- and osteogenic lineages, followed by IPFP-MSCs. Interestingly, among all adipose tissue sources, MSCs derived from IPFP have the maximum proliferation potential. The characterization and differentiation potential of canine MSCs isolated from four different adipose tissue sources are useful to assess their potential for application in regenerative medicine.
The impact of the land reform politics under the Shah on the development and social formation of Iran
Creators: name: Khojasteh, Abdolrahim
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This dissertation investigates the land reform process. It examines whether the land reform, alongside other developmental and agricultural policies, did in fact: (1) develop the country's agriculture; and (2) transformed the existing social structure and relations of production in rural Iran. Since the study views the pattern of landownership as one of class relations, an economic as well as political and social problem, it follows a political economy approach involving theory and history, analysis and description. Although the inquiry draws upon previously published historical and statistical data and research efforts of earlier scholars, it represents a new approach which is based on class analysis, employing the concepts modes and relations of production in explaining the development of rural society and land reform processes. Further, it focuses on developments in agriculture in connection with development policies in other areas of the economy. The findings make clear that the objectives originally set for land reform were not achieved by the three stages of the reform. First, the overwhelming majority of peasants received plots which were rarely sufficient to sustain their families. They lacked marketable surplus products to become involved in exchange relations with the commodity market. Therefore, a class of self-reliant, prosperous and independent peasant proprietors was not created; social or class differentiation, a prerequisite for the development of capitalist relations and capital accumulation, did not develop among the new peasant holders. Second, land reform did not lead to the actual break-up of large landholdings; besides, many new landlords emerged and joined the ranks of the oldtimers. Third, the state's development strategy in general, and its agricultural and reform policies in particular, discouraged agricultural productivity, reinforced subsistence farming, led to severe inflation, and to the decline of agriculture. Overall, they failed to develop the economy; rather, the country became more dependent on the international market. In sum, the peasantry was not emancipated, the dominant production relations, characterized by sharecropping and subsistence farming, were not transformed, the predominant mode of production in rural Iran remained precapitalist, and the plight of agriculture and the cultivators continued.
Additional file 1 of Clinical and genetic analysis of two wolfram syndrome families with high occurrence of wolfram syndrome and diabetes type II: a case report
Creators: name: Sobhani, Maryam
name: Tabatabaiefar, Mohammad Amin
name: Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
name: Asadollah Rajab
name: Hojjat, Asal
name: Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
name: Noori-Daloii, Mohammad Reza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Details of pathogenic analysis.
Oscillation effects on supernova neutrino rates and spectra and detection of the shock breakout in a liquid Argon TPC
Creators: name: Gil-Botella, I.
name: Rubbia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A liquid Argon TPC (ICARUS-like) has the ability to detect clean neutrino bursts from type-II supernova collapses. In this paper, we consider for the first time the four possible detectable channels, namely, the elastic scattering on electrons from all neutrino species, $ν_e$ charged current absorption on $Ar$ with production of excited $K$, $\barν_e$ charged current absorption on $Ar$ with production of excited $Cl$ and neutral current interactions on $Ar$ from all neutrino flavors. We compute the total rates and energy spectra of supernova neutrino events including the effects of the three--flavor neutrino oscillation with matter effects in the propagation in the supernova. Results show a dramatic dependence on the oscillation parameters and in the energy spectrum, especially for charged-current events. The shock breakout phase has also been investigated using recent simulations of the core collapse supernova. We stress the importance of the neutral current signal to decouple supernova from neutrino oscillation physics.
description: 40 pages, 19 figures, version v2 accepted for publication in JCAP. accepted in JCAP
Iridium Azocarboxamide Complexes: Variable Coordination Modes, C–H Activation, Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysis, and Mechanistic Insights
Creators: name: Chandra, Shubhadeep
name: Kelm, Ola
name: Albold, Uta
name: Hazari, Arijit Singha
name: Urankar, Damijana
name: Kosmrlj, Janez
name: Sarkar, Biprajit
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group 9 complexes
subject: Transfer reactions
subject: Catalysts
subject: Metals
subject: Ligands
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Azocarboxamides, a special class of azo ligands, display intriguing electronic properties due to their versatile binding modes and coordination flexibility. These properties may have significant implications for their use in homogeneous catalysis. In the present report, half-sandwich Ir–Cp* complexes of two different azocarboxamide ligands are presented. Different coordination motifs of the ligand were realized using base and chloride abstracting ligand to give N∧N-, N∧O-, and N∧C-chelated monomeric iridium complexes. For the azocarboxamide ligand having methoxy substituted at the phenyl ring, a mixture of N∧C-chelated mononuclear (Ir-5) and N∧N,N∧C-chelated dinuclear complexes (Ir-4) were obtained by activating the C–H bond of the aryl ring. No such C–H activation was observed for the ligand without the methoxy substituent. The molecular identity of the complexes was confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, while X-ray diffraction analyses further confirmed three-legged piano-stool structure of the complexes along with the above binding modes. All complexes were found to exhibit remarkable activity as precatalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in the presence of a base, even at low catalyst loading. Optimization of reaction conditions divulged superior catalytic activity of Ir-3 and Ir-4 complexes in transfer hydrogenation over the other catalysts. Investigation of the influence of binding modes on the catalytic activity along with wide range substrates, tolerance to functional groups, and mechanistic insights into the reaction pathway are also presented. These are the first examples of C–H activation in azocarboxamide ligands.
An egg for an egg and a bean for a bean?
Creators: name: Ludwig, Till
name: Ludwig, Till
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: nutrition-sensitive agriculture
subject: dietary diversity
subject: agricultural production
subject: India

description: On-farm production diversity of smallholder farmers can improve the nutrition security of the household. The objective is to determine the significance and relevance of this relationship by considering the different degrees of separability between both the commercial and consumptive production of food. A household-level survey covering socioeconomic, agricultural and nutritional data was conducted in three regions of India from January to June 2017 including 1324 households in 119 villages. Various regression specifications (OLS, Poisson, Probit, IV / non-IV) were used to estimate the effect of production diversity on dietary diversity. Average yearly rainfall since 1981 is the excluded instrument. A positive association is estimated (ß: 0.417 / 0.016 | IV / non-IV). Access to markets improve dietary diversity on average by 0.5 food groups. The increase is significant only for a few food groups (dairy products, nuts and vegetable) and primarily, it is the higher income groups that benefit from market integration. In conclusion, production diversity does improve nutrition security, but the positive market effect is stronger for farming households that have a higher income.
Leadership perception and interstate conflict in Africa (1960-1985)
Creators: name: Kum, Joseph Mua
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The study of interstate conflict in Africa has focused largely on the following factors as causes of tensions between states: undemarcated borders, irredenta, resource distribution and refugee questions, liberation wars, or conflict as diversion from domestic political and/or economic crises. There has been little attempt to examine the dynamic between subjective images that African leaders hold of each other, their perception of events and the above mentioned empirical factors. As the leaders manage national interests, their perception of other elites and the events they create or shape, may or may not foster an environment conducive to conflict. Through a textual analysis of elite public statements, this work examines the role of leadership perception in interstate conflicts on the continent within the past quarter century.
Additional file 5 of Antiviral activity of silymarin in comparison with baicalein against EV-A71
Creators: name: Lalani, Salima S.
name: Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
name: Poh, Chit Laa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5. : Supplementary Table ST1. Cytotoxicity of flavonoids against Vero cells. Different concentrations of silymarin, baicalein and baicalin were tested for cytotoxicity in Vero cells by the MTS assay. Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M.
Leadership perception and interstate conflict in Africa (1960-1985)
Creators: name: Kum, Joseph Mua
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The study of interstate conflict in Africa has focused largely on the following factors as causes of tensions between states: undemarcated borders, irredenta, resource distribution and refugee questions, liberation wars, or conflict as diversion from domestic political and/or economic crises. There has been little attempt to examine the dynamic between subjective images that African leaders hold of each other, their perception of events and the above mentioned empirical factors. As the leaders manage national interests, their perception of other elites and the events they create or shape, may or may not foster an environment conducive to conflict. Through a textual analysis of elite public statements, this work examines the role of leadership perception in interstate conflicts on the continent within the past quarter century.
Transition metal nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials
Creators: name: Bower, Ryan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Plasmonic materials display high local field enhancements and enable the sub-wavelength confinement of light. This has applications in next-generation nanoscale photonic and optoelectronic devices, chemical and biological sensing, and efficient energy harvesting amongst others. However, the typical plasmonic materials, gold and silver, have intrinsic material limitations that prohibit their widespread use in practical plasmonic devices. These limitations include poor thermal stability, limited spectral tunability, and incompatibility with existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device fabrication processes, in addition to their high cost. Accordingly, alternative plasmonic materials are desired that can overcome these limitations. One class of materials which has been suggested to achieve this are transition metal nitrides. This thesis presents research into the viability of some transition metal nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials. It outlines an investigation of the spectral tunability and CMOS compatibility of binary, ternary, and layered transition metal nitride and oxynitride thin films of niobium and titanium. Comprehensive characterisation of the optical, structural, and morphological properties of these films is reported and fabrication methodologies to achieve high-quality plasmonic thin films are compared. Mechanisms of spectral tunability are discussed and an explanation for the occurrence of tuneable double-epsilon-near-zero behaviour within niobium oxynitride and titanium oxynitride is provided. This thesis also reports the nanofabrication and characterisation of titanium nitride and niobium nitride features and arrays. Firstly, the plasmonic response of individual titanium nitride nano-discs patterned via electron beam lithography (EBL) and characterised using cathodoluminescence is reported. The thermal stability of these sub micron TiN features is then compared with similar features of gold. Secondly, the successful patterning of niobium nitride via colloidal lithography is reported and the merits and limitations of this scalable nanofabrication technique are considered when applied to transition metal nitrides.
Gender differentiation in intergenerational care-giving and migration choices
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Cukrowska-Torzewska, Ewa
name: Stark, Oded
name: Cukrowska-Torzewska, Ewa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Demonstration of care-giving across generations
subject: Gender differentiation
subject: Migration distance from the parental home

description: The dramatic global food price upsurges of 2007/2008 and the resurgence of 2010/2011 have kept the welfare effects of food price shocks at the epicentre of policy discussions worldwide. Studies have found heterogeneous impacts, but empirically little is known in Nigeria. The key objectives of this study are to examine the welfare, i.e. food quantity consumption, dietary diversity, and economic welfare effects of food price spikes among households in Nigeria. Using the 2012/2013 and 2015/2016 Household Survey Panel Data, the linear individual (fixed) effects models were estimated while controlling for participation in safety net interventions and other factors to achieve the stated objectives. Findings suggest that higher spike in the price of cereals consistently has negative effect on food quantity (including calories) consumed, dietary diversity, and economic welfare of households, spikes of price of other staples, animal proteins, fats and oils, fruits and vegetables exert heterogeneous influence. Female headed households advance calorie consumption and dietary variety. Findings suggest that food distribution may be more effective in improving welfare of households than direct cash transfers. Efforts to mitigate extreme spikes in the prices of staples (especially cereals) are relevant for improved food security, nutrition and overall household welfare. However, if policy actions are complemented with food distribution and sensitively guided welfare related gender interventions, more improvements for livelihoods can be achieved.
Theoretical Predictions of Superconductivity in Alkali Metals under High Pressure
Creators: name: Shi, Lei
name: Papaconstantopoulos, Dimitrios A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculated the superconductivity properties of alkali metals under high pressure using the results of band theory and the rigid-muffin-tin theory of Gaspari and Gyorffy. Our results suggest that at high pressures Lithium, Potassium, Rubidium and Cesium would be superconductors with transition temperatures approaching $5-20 K$. Our calculations also suggest that Sodium would not be a superconductor under high pressure even if compressed to less than half of its equilibrium volume. We found that the compression of the lattice strengthens the electron-phonon coupling through a delicately balanced increase of both the electronic and phononic components of this coupling. This increase of the electron-phonon coupling in Li is due to an enhancement of the $s$-$p$ channel of the interaction, while in the heavier elements the $p$-$d$ channel is the dominant component.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
A 2D atom interferometer accelerometer in the horizontal plane
Creators: name: De Silva, Shane
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The thesis presented here describes the construction and early testing of an atom interferometer able to measure horizontal accelerations along two orthogonal axes. An ultra-high vacuum chamber is built for this cold atom interferometry. Rubidium 87 atoms are prepared in a 2D$^+$ MOT and then directed into the main chamber where they are captured in a 3D MOT. The atoms are cooled from the MOT equilibrium temperature of $\sim$ \SI{140}{mK} down to a few $\mu$K by means of an optical molasses. The atoms are then prepared with a narrow velocity distribution in a magnetically-insensitive ground state using a sequence of optical and microwave pulses. A matter-wave equivalent of the classical Mach-Zehnder interferometer is formed by use of Raman transitions in a $\pi/2-\pi-\pi/2$ pulse sequence. To achieve the maximum sensitivity to acceleration the fringe contrast of the interferometer should be maximised. Adjustments to the chirp rate and alignment of the laser beams improved the fringe contrast by over a factor of 3. Analysis of the noise sources reveals that the noise floor is currently due to instability in the fluorescence detection but will ultimately be due to phase noise in the light driving the Raman transitions. This work demonstrates that the new 2-axis interferometer has better sensitivity than the mechanical accelerometers with which it is compared and points the way to a further tenfold improvement in sensitivity by reducing the noise and increasing the repetition rate.
Evaluating intergenerational persistence of economic preferences: A large scale experiment with families in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Shyamal
name: Sutter, Matthias
name: Zimmermann, Klaus F.
name: Chowdhury, Shyamal
name: Sutter, Matthias
name: Zimmermann, Klaus F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Intergenerational transmission of preferences
subject: time preferences
subject: risk preferences
subject: social preferences
subject: children
subject: parents
subject: Bangladesh
subject: socio-economic status
subject: experiment

description: Economic preferences – like time, risk and social preferences – have been shown to be very influential for real-life outcomes, such as educational achievements, labor market outcomes, or health status. We contribute to the recent literature that has examined how and when economic preferences are formed, putting particular emphasis on the role of intergenerational transmission of economic preferences within families. Our paper is the first to run incentivized experiments with fathers and mothers and their children by drawing on a unique dataset of 1,999 members of Bangladeshi families, including 911 children, aged 6-17 years, and 544 pairs of mothers and fathers. We find a large degree of intergenerational persistence as the economic preferences of mothers and fathers are significantly positively related to their children’s economic preferences. Importantly, we find that socio-economic status of a family has no explanatory power as soon as we control for parents’ economic preferences. A series of robustness checks deals with the role of older siblings, the similarity of parental preferences, and the average preferences within a child’s village.
Surface Damage Detection Scheme using Convolutional Neural Network and Artificial Neural Network
Creators: name: Yang, Alice Yi
name: Cheng, Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Surface damage on concrete is important as the damage can affect the structural integrity of the structure. This paper proposes a two-step surface damage detection scheme using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The CNN classifies given input images into two categories: positive and negative. The positive category is where the surface damage is present within the image, otherwise the image is classified as negative. This is an image-based classification. The ANN accepts image inputs that have been classified as positive by the ANN. This reduces the number of images that are further processed by the ANN. The ANN performs feature-based classification, in which the features are extracted from the detected edges within the image. The edges are detected using Canny edge detection. A total of 19 features are extracted from the detected edges. These features are inputs into the ANN. The purpose of the ANN is to highlight only the positive damaged edges within the image. The CNN achieves an accuracy of 80.7% for image classification and the ANN achieves an accuracy of 98.1% for surface detection. The decreased accuracy in the CNN is due to the false positive detection, however false positives are tolerated whereas false negatives are not. The false negative detection for both CNN and ANN in the two-step scheme are 0%.
Tachyon kinks on non BPS D-branes
Creators: name: Brax, Ph.
name: Mourad, J.
name: Steer, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider solitonic solutions of the DBI tachyon effective action for a non-BPS brane. When wrapped on a circle, these solutions are regular and have a finite energy. We show that in the decompactified limit, these solitons give Sen's infinitely thin finite energy kink -- interpreted as a BPS brane -- provided that some conditions on the potential hold. In particular, if for large $T$ the potential is exponential, $V = e^{-T^a}$, then Sen's solution is only found for $a<1$. For power-law potentials $V = 1/T^b$, one must have $b>1$. If these conditions are not satisfied, we show that the lowest energy configuration is the unstable tachyon vacuum with no kinks. We examine the stability of the solitons and the spectrum of small perturbations.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Frontier analysis and agricultural typologies
Creators: name: Maruyama, Eduardo
name: Torero, Maximo
name: Scollard, Phoebe
name: Elías, Maribel
name: Mulangu, Francis
name: Seck, Abdoulaye
name: Maruyama, Eduardo
name: Torero, Maximo
name: Scollard, Phoebe
name: Elías, Maribel
name: Mulangu, Francis
name: Seck, Abdoulaye
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Production Efficiency Measures
subject: Agricultural Policy
subject: Rural Development
subject: Economic Geography

description: PARI’s main goal is to contribute to sustainable agricultural growth and food security in Africa and India by supporting the scaling of proven innovations in the agri-food sector in collaboration with all relevant actors. PARI accompanies specified innovations with ex-ante impact research and identifies further innovation opportunities, including those expressed by end users of research in collaboration with the multi-stakeholder innovation platforms. Within PARI’s work, AGRODEP and IFPRI have the task of assisting in the development of a methodology and concept for strategic analysis and visioning by providing economic modelling tools to help understand where the best opportunities for innovation investments in value chains are. For this purpose, IFPRI has constructed agricultural typologies of micro-regions for 8 of the 12 African countries in PARI to identify micro-regional level opportunities, bottlenecks and investment gaps based on the concept of the production possibilities frontier applied to farm activities, drawing on highly detailed household-level survey and geospatial data on agroecological conditions, accessibility and poverty. The stochastic frontier approach allows the econometric exploration of the notion that, given the fixed local agroecological and economic conditions in a micro-region and the occurrence of random shocks that affect agricultural production (weather, prices, etc.), the investment, production decisions and technological innovations a farmer makes translate into higher or lower production and income. In such a context, inefficiency is defined as the loss incurred in by operating away from the frontier given the current prices and fixed factors faced by the household. By estimating where the frontier lies, and how far each producer is from it, the stochastic frontier approach helps to identify local potential and efficiency levels to construct the typology. With this estimation approach estimates are obtained that allow for the prediction and extrapolation of agricultural income potential and efficiency measures at the regional level, which can then be grouped and classified into types to construct the typology. The typology then allows the identification of types of regions with extremely different needs, bottlenecks and opportunities, which in turn will result in a different set of investment recommendations for development in each type of region, including decisions regarding investments in agricultural innovation.