cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Print media coverage of educational policy making
Creators: Fisher, John Robert
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 1988

This study examined the relationship of the print media in policy making in terms of newsworthiness, quality of coverage, impact and functions. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined in a case study to provide a holistic view of the print media's relationship in the policy context. The case study was selected by surveying education officials and interest group leaders. Newspaper and magazine articles were analyzed and propositions were developed and tested through interviews with 21 subjects from government, interest groups and the print media. The resulting data were analyzed to define further propositions from which conclusions were developed.

Conflict was the print media's most important criterion for coverage of the policy debate. Controversial statements assured news coverage and good positioning. As long as the parties reacted to each other's comments, the media covered the issue. When the parties agreed not to discuss the issue publicly, the media soon lost interest.

Although coverage was extensive, it was not in-depth. More attention was given to the conflict than to an in-depth examination of the issues. Rather than being proactive in investigating stories, the journalists depended on events and sources for news material. While overall coverage of the issue was balanced, most individual items, including news items, showed bias.

The media had indirect impact on the policy decision. The impact was mediated through other groups in the policy process. Other group members were often influenced more by media coverage than the policymakers. They, in turn, generally had greater influence than the news media on the politicians. Media coverage was less influential in shaping policy than individual and group pressure on legislators.

Media impact seemed closely related to function. The print media performed a greater function in the less important roles of identifying and relaying interest group proposals than they did in identifying problems and suggesting solutions. They also functioned better in stereotyping, agenda-setting, and issue creation than in context-setting and issue resolution. While coverage of conflict enhanced the former functions, the lack of in-depth coverage inhibited context-setting and issue resolution.
Evaluating response strategies in a Web-based spoken dialogue agent
Creators: name: Diane J., Litman
name: Pan, Shimei
name: Walker, Marilyn A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: While the notion of a cooperative response has been the focus of considerable research in natural language dialogue systems, there has been little empirical work demonstrating how such responses lead to more efficient, natural, or successful dialogues. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of two alternative response strategies in TOOT, a spoken dialogue agent that allows users to access train schedules stored on the web via a telephone conversation. We compare the performance of two versions of TOOT (literal and cooperative), by having users carry out a set of tasks with each version. By using hypothesis testing methods, we show that a combination of response strategy, application task, and task/strategy interactions account for various types of performance differences. By using the PARADISE evaluation framework to estimate an overall performance function, we identify interdependencies that exist between speech recognition and response strategy. Our results elaborate the conditions under which TOOT's cooperative rather than literal strategy contributes to greater performance.
Genre Independent Subgroup Detection in Online Discussion Threads: A Pilot Study of Implicit Attitude using Latent Textual Semantics
Creators: name: Dasigi, Pradeep
name: Guo, Weiwei
name: Diab, Mona
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Computer science

description: We describe an unsupervised approach to the problem of automatically detecting subgroups of people holding similar opinions in a discussion thread. An intuitive way of identifying this is to detect the attitudes of discussants towards each other or named entities or topics mentioned in the discussion. Sentiment tags play an important role in this detection, but we also note another dimension to the detection of people’s attitudes in a discussion: if two persons share the same opinion, they tend to use similar language content. We consider the latter to be an implicit attitude. In this paper, we investigate the impact of implicit and explicit attitude in two genres of social media discussion data, more formal wikipedia discussions and a debate discussion forum that is much more informal. experimental results strongly suggest that implicit attitude is an important complement for explicit attitudes (expressed via sentiment) and it can improve the sub-group detection performance independent of genre.
A note on perturbation series in supersymmetric gauge theories
Creators: name: Russo, Jorge G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact results in supersymmetric Chern-Simons and N=2 Yang-Mills theories can be used to examine the quantum behavior of observables and the structure of the perturbative series. For the U(2) x U(2) ABJM model, we determine the asymptotic behavior of the perturbative series for the partition function and write it as a Borel transform. Similar results are obtained for N=2 SU(2) super Yang-Mills theory with four fundamental flavors and in N=2* super Yang-Mills theory, for the partition function as well as for the expectation values for Wilson loop and 't Hooft loop operators (in the 0 and 1 instanton sectors). In all examples, one has an alternate perturbation series where the coefficient of the nth term increases as n!, and the perturbation series are Borel summable. We also calculate the expectation value for a Wilson loop operator in the N=2* SU(N) theory at large N in different regimes of the 't Hooft gauge coupling and mass parameter. For large masses, the calculation reproduces the running gauge coupling for the pure N=2 SYM theory.
description: 28 pages. V2: minor additions and reference added
Influence of construction and demolition (C&D) waste on green roof performance
Creators: name: Bianchini Murillo, Emar Fabricio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Green roofs have been used as an environmentally friendly product for many centuries and considered as a sustainable construction practice. Green roofs are built with different layers and variable thicknesses depending on the roof type and/or weather conditions. Basic layers, from bottom to top, of green roof systems usually consists of a root barrier, drainage, filter, growing medium, and vegetation layer. Environmental and operational benefits of green roofs are many. Green roofs must be installed on existing structures to maximize their potential environmental benefits; however, their main disadvantages are cost and weight. New technology enabled the use of light materials such as: low density polyethylene and polypropylene (polymers) to promote their installation. Nevertheless, lifecycle analyses demonstrate that more sustainable products must replace current green roof materials. This research evaluates indoor air temperature, indoor vapor pressure, water quality, and water retention performance of green roofs built with construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Temperature, vapor pressure, water quality and storm water retention were assessed by comparing the rainwater retained in experimental C&D based green roofs with standard green roofs under the same environmental conditions. Results show that C&D waste, compared to plastics, improves water quality, indoor air temperature and vapor pressure performance; however it reduces the water retention performance. These findings confirm the environmental potential of green roofs. Benefits of installing C&D based green roofs to minimize the impact of construction industry in landfills are potentially enormous. The Net Present Value (NPV) per unit of area of a green roof was estimated by considering the social-cost benefits that green roofs generate over their lifecycle. The economic analysis demonstrated that green roofs are short-term investments in terms of net returns. In general, installing green roofs is a low risk investment. Furthermore, the probability of profits out of this technology is much higher than the potential financial losses. It is evident that the inclusion of social costs and benefits of green roofs improves their value. In addition, this study evaluates the influence of green roofs on the seismic response of frame structures. Results from the structural analysis proved that intensive and extensive green roofs do not affect the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structures.
Correlated trends of coexisting magnetism and superconductivity in optimally electron-doped oxy-pnictides
Creators: name: Sanna, S.
name: Carretta, P.
name: Bonfà, P.
name: Prando, G.
name: Allodi, G.
name: De Renzi, R.
name: Shiroka, T.
name: Lamura, G.
name: Martinelli, A.
name: Putti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the recovery of the short-range static magnetic order and on the concomitant degradation of the superconducting state in optimally F-doped SmFe_(1-x)Ru_(x)AsO_0.85F_0.15 for 0.1< x<0.6. The two reduced order parameters coexist within nanometer-size domains in the FeAs layers and finally disappear around a common critical threshold x_c=0.6. Superconductivity and magnetism are shown to be closely related to two distinct well-defined local electronic environments of the FeAs layers. The two transition temperatures, controlled by the isoelectronic and diamagnetic Ru substitution, scale with the volume fraction of the corresponding environments. This fact indicates that superconductivity is assisted by magnetic fluctuations, which are frozen whenever a short-range static order appears, and totally vanish above the magnetic dilution threshold x_c.
description: Approved for publication in Phys. Rev. Letters
Effect of Genre, Speaker, and Word Class on the Realization of Given and New Information: Presentation Powerpoint Slides
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: Gravano, Agustin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Information technology
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: There is much evidence in the literature that speakers tend to deaccent discourse-given entities, while accenting new ones. However, speakers do not always follow this simple strategy and the causes for such variation are not yet well understood. In this paper, we describe several new forms of variability in the relationship between given/new information and accenting behavior, variation due to individual differences and to word class. We present results indicating that different speakers have different strategies for making new words prominent. We analyze two word-classes – nouns and verbs – in a corpus of spontaneous and read direction-giving monologues, and show that speakers use different combinations of pitch, intensity and inter-word pauses to distinguish between given and new information. Most interestingly, we find that in both genres all speakers tend to produce given verbs with higher intensity than new verbs.
Intermingled basins in coupled Lorenz systems
Creators: name: Camargo, Sabrina
name: Viana, Ricardo L.
name: Anteneodo, Celia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a system of two identical linearly coupled Lorenz oscillators, presenting synchro- nization of chaotic motion for a specified range of the coupling strength. We verify the existence of global synchronization and antisynchronization attractors with intermingled basins of attraction, such that the basin of one attractor is riddled with holes belonging to the basin of the other attractor and vice versa. We investigated this phenomenon by verifying the fulfillment of the mathematical requirements for intermingled basins, and also obtained scaling laws that characterize quantitatively the riddling of both basins for this system.
MgyNi1-y(Hx) thin films deposited by magnetron co-sputtering
Creators: name: Mongstad, Trygve
name: You, Chang C.
name: Thøgersen, Annett
name: Mæhlen, Jan Petter
name: Platzer-Björkman, Charlotte
name: Hauback, Bjørn C.
name: Karazhanov, Smagul Zh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we have synthesised thin films of MgyNi1-y(Hx) metal and metal hydride with y between 0 and 1. The films are deposited by magnetron co-sputtering of metallic targets of Mg and Ni. Metallic MgyNi1-y films were deposited with pure Ar plasma while MgyNi1-yHx hydride films were deposited reactively with 30% H2 in the Ar plasma. The depositions were done with a fixed substrate carrier, producing films with a spatial gradient in the Mg and Ni composition. The combinatorial method of co-sputtering gives an insight into the phase diagram of MgyNi1-y and MgyNi1-yHx, and allows us to investigate structural, optical and electrical properties of the resulting alloys. Our results show that reactive sputtering gives direct deposition of metal hydride films, with high purity in the case of Mg~2NiH~4. We have observed limited oxidation after several months of exposure to ambient conditions. MgyNi1-y and MgyNi1-yHx films might be applied for optical control in smart windows, optical sensors and as a semiconducting material for photovoltaic solar cells.
Computers Without Clocks
Creators: name: Unger, Stephen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Computer science

description: Continuing increases in logic' density on VLSI chips have led to increasing problems with clock distribution systems. This has stimulated interest in dispensing with the clock s that contra I virtually all existing digital systems. The recent construction at Cal tech of a microprocessor chip without a clock has clearly demonstrated the feasibility of such systems. Basic principles that can be used to design computers without clocks are outlined here. Handshaking and dual-rail coding constitute one important related pair of concepts. Logic circuit level designs of asynchronous registers. counters. shift registers. and adders are shown. Control modules are described that can be used as building blocks for systems of varying complexity. These can he used to implement all of the basic features of modern computers including interrupts and pipelines. The design of an asynchronous add-and-shift binary multiplier is used to illustrate the use of these data processing and control modules. Most of the work shown uses what is generally referred to as 4-phase handshaking. but 2-phase handshaking is also discussed. The extent to which unclocked systems can be truIy delay - insensitive is discussed.
Constrained MSSM favoring new territories: The impact of new LHC limits and a 125 GeV Higgs boson
Creators: name: Fowlie, Andrew
name: Kazana, Malgorzata
name: Kowalska, Kamila
name: Munir, Shoaib
name: Roszkowski, Leszek
name: Sessolo, Enrico Maria
name: Trojanowski, Sebastian
name: Tsai, Yue-Lin Sming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an updated and extended global analysis of the Constrained MSSM (CMSSM) taking into account new limits on supersymmetry from ~5/fb data sets at the LHC. In particular, in the case of the razor limit obtained by the CMS Collaboration we simulate detector efficiency for the experimental analysis and derive an approximate but accurate likelihood function. We discuss the impact on the global fit of a possible Higgs boson with mass near 125 GeV, as implied by recent data, and of a new improved limit on BR(B_s->μμ). We identify high posterior probability regions of the CMSSM parameters as the stau-coannihilation and the A-funnel region, with the importance of the latter now being much larger due to the combined effect of the above three LHC results and of dark matter relic density. We also find that the focus point region is now disfavored. Ensuing implications for superpartner masses favor even larger values than before, and even lower ranges for dark matter spin-independent cross section, σ^{SI}_p<10^{-9} pb. We also find that relatively minor variations in applying experimental constraints can induce a large shift in the location of the best-fit point. This puts into question the robustness of applying the usual chisquare approach to the CMSSM. We discuss the goodness-of-fit and find that, while it is difficult to calculate a p-value, the g-2 constraint makes, nevertheless, the overall fit of the CMSSM poor. We consider a scan without this constraint, and we allow μ to be either positive or negative. We find that the global fit improves enormously for both signs of μ, with a slight preference for μ<0 caused by a better fit to BR(b->sγ) and BR(B_s->μμ).
description: 24 pages, 17 figures. PRD-approved version; Higgs bounds case removed as obsolete in light of the Higgs discovery
Adversity, Alexithymia, and Empathy Among Ex-Boarding Students: A Comparison with Ex-Day Students and General Population Samples
Creators: name: Hamilton, Jackie A.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Significant distress during childhood is thought to increase the vulnerability of experiencing mental health difficulties in later life. The notion of childhood adversity has received international attention, with Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) being found to have a detrimental impact on an individual’s physical and psychological well-being. Literature Review Ten articles exploring the prevalence of ACEs among university students in the UK were subjected to a systematic and meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence for number of ACEs was 55.4% (95% CI: 32.4% - 78.4%) for one or more, and 31.6% (7.5% - 55.6%) for three or more, suggesting that a substantial proportion of university students in the UK may have been exposed to adversity during their childhood. Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies for most categories of adversity, and it was not possible to explain or reduce this variance by removal of small numbers of influential/discrepant studies. Further analyses suggested potential influences of measurement tool used, country of data collection, and age and sex of participants, although conclusions must be tentative given potential confounds. Empirical Research This study explored ACEs and emotional processing skills among UK adults who previously boarded at school, compared with day students who attended schools at which boarding was an option, and general population samples. A total of 285 participants (187 ex-boarding and 98 ex-day students) completed an online survey. Compared to general population samples, ex-boarding students demonstrated a higher prevalence of adversity and alexithymia, and lower empathy. Minimal differences were found between ex-boarders and ex-day students; however, there were suggestions that differences in emotional processing skills may differ for males and females, raising the possibility that boarding may affect males and females differently. Furthermore, relationships between emotional neglect and emotional processing skills were found, alongside indications of potentially different impacts of emotional neglect depending on sex and ex-boarding/day status. These findings have important potential implications for schools, parents, policy makers, and clinicians working with ex-boarders.
Active Databases for Communication Network Management
Creators: name: Wolfson, Ouri
name: Sengupta, Soumitra
name: Yemini, Yechiam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper has two purposes. First is to propose new database language-features for systems used in real-time management. These features enable the specification of change-traces, events and correlation among events, and they do so in a declarative set-oriented fashion. Second is to introduce network management as an important and interesting application of active distributed databases.
Building information modeling for construction applications : formwork installation and quantity takeoff
Creators: name: Amiri, Helia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Recent advancements in Building Information Modeling (BIM) hold great promise for addressing the challenges of the construction industry by allowing project teams to ‘test out’ a design prior to construction. The projects that have successfully implemented BIM demonstrate numerous benefits, including increased design quality, improved field productivity, cost predictability, less rework, and reduced construction cost and duration. However, much of the research to date has focused more on the preconstruction phase with less research on uses for the construction phase, The goal of this research was to evaluate specific uses of BIM in the construction phase of the project. I investigated two construction applications of BIM: (1) BIM for developing lift drawings to support formwork construction on the BC Hydro Substation project, and (2) BIM for quantity takeoff to support life-cycle assessment (LCA) and construction cost estimating on the Pharmaceutical Sciences project. The BC Hydro project provided an opportunity to examine the use of BIM for the field crew. I developed 3D coordinated lift drawings that conveyed the necessary information for forming the components accurately and clearly. I believe that creating the lift drawings increased the crew’s productivity by providing the necessary information for building a component, resolving conflicts prior to construction, and reducing mistakes. I evaluated the use of BIM for quantity takeoff using the Pharmaceutical Sciences project. I evaluated two BIM-based and one 2D-based quantity takeoff software, and based on several parameters of importance to cost and sustainability consultants. I found that calculating quantities from a BIM model is faster and more accurate as long as the model is created correctly and accurately to suit the needs of the users. This thesis provides evidence for the benefits of BIM for construction uses at different stages in the project. The BC Hydro case study provides significant detail on how a BIM can be utilized by construction field personnel. The Pharmaceutical Sciences project demonstrates the benefits and challenges of utilizing a BIM for quantity takeoff. More case studies are needed to demonstrate the benefits of BIM for different applications in the project delivery process to enable more widespread BIM adoption.
Disambiguating Proteins, Genes, and RNA in Text: A Machine Learning Approach
Creators: name: Duboue, Pablo A.
name: Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios
name: Rzhetsky, Andrey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We present an automated system for assigning protein, gene, or mRNA class labels to biological terms in free text. Three machine learning algorithms and several extended ways for defining contextual features for disambiguation are examined, and a fully unsupervised manner for obtaining training examples is proposed. We train and evaluate our system over a collection of 9 million words of molecular biology journal articles, obtaining accuracy rates up to 85%.
A Transaction Manager Component for Cooperative Transaction Models
Creators: name: Heineman, George E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Computer science

description: The database community has produced extensive research on the concurrency
control problem in the context of traditional databases. However, this traditional model is not suitable for some applications, such as CAD/CAM systems and software development environments. What is needed is an extended transaction model better suited for these newer applications. Unfortunately, there is no consensus as to which of the almost dozens of extended transaction models is appropriate. This proposal posits that there is no single model which will be applicable to every application. To solve this problem, we propose PERN, a flexible and tailorable transaction manager component which provides the necessary support required by advanced database applications. In addition we introduce a transaction language for defining transaction models.
A Distributed Algorithm for Adaptive Replication of Data
Creators: name: Wolfson, Ouri
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present a distributed algorithm for replication of a data-item in a set of processors interconnected by a tree network. The algorithm is adaptive in the sense that the replication scheme of the item (i.e. the set of processors. each of which stores a replica of the data-item). changes as the read-write pattern of the processors in the network changes. The algorithm is optimal in the sense that when the replication scheme stabilizes, the total number of messages required for the reads and writes is minimal.
WordsEye: An Automatic Text-to-Scene Conversion System
Creators: name: Coyne, Robert Eric
name: Sproat, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Information technology
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Natural language is an easy and effective medium for describing
visual ideas and mental images. Thus, we foresee the emergence of
language-based 3D scene generation systems to let ordinary users
quickly create 3D scenes without having to learn special software,
acquire artistic skills, or even touch a desktop window-oriented
interface. WordsEye is such a system for automatically converting
text into representative 3D scenes. WordsEye relies on a large
database of 3D models and poses to depict entities and actions. Every
3D model can have associated shape displacements, spatial tags,
and functional properties to be used in the depiction process. We
describe the linguistic analysis and depiction techniques used by
WordsEye along with some general strategies by which more abstract
concepts are made depictable.
Model-free reconstruction of neuronal network connectivity from calcium imaging signals
Creators: name: Stetter, Olav
name: Battaglia, Demian
name: Soriano, Jordi
name: Geisel, Theo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic assessment of global neural network connectivity through direct electrophysiological assays has remained technically unfeasible even in dissociated neuronal cultures. We introduce an improved algorithmic approach based on Transfer Entropy to reconstruct approximations to network structural connectivities from network activity monitored through calcium fluorescence imaging. Based on information theory, our method requires no prior assumptions on the statistics of neuronal firing and neuronal connections. The performance of our algorithm is benchmarked on surrogate time-series of calcium fluorescence generated by the simulated dynamics of a network with known ground-truth topology. We find that the effective network topology revealed by Transfer Entropy depends qualitatively on the time-dependent dynamic state of the network (e.g., bursting or non-bursting). We thus demonstrate how conditioning with respect to the global mean activity improves the performance of our method. [...] Compared to other reconstruction strategies such as cross-correlation or Granger Causality methods, our method based on improved Transfer Entropy is remarkably more accurate. In particular, it provides a good reconstruction of the network clustering coefficient, allowing to discriminate between weakly or strongly clustered topologies, whereas on the other hand an approach based on cross-correlations would invariantly detect artificially high levels of clustering. Finally, we present the applicability of our method to real recordings of in vitro cortical cultures. We demonstrate that these networks are characterized by an elevated level of clustering compared to a random graph (although not extreme) and by a markedly non-local connectivity.
description: 54 pages, 8 figures (+9 supplementary figures), 1 table; submitted for publication
Finding Non-overlapping Clusters for Generalized Inference Over Graphical Models
Creators: name: Vats, Divyanshu
name: Moura, José M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graphical models use graphs to compactly capture stochastic dependencies amongst a collection of random variables. Inference over graphical models corresponds to finding marginal probability distributions given joint probability distributions. In general, this is computationally intractable, which has led to a quest for finding efficient approximate inference algorithms. We propose a framework for generalized inference over graphical models that can be used as a wrapper for improving the estimates of approximate inference algorithms. Instead of applying an inference algorithm to the original graph, we apply the inference algorithm to a block-graph, defined as a graph in which the nodes are non-overlapping clusters of nodes from the original graph. This results in marginal estimates of a cluster of nodes, which we further marginalize to get the marginal estimates of each node. Our proposed block-graph construction algorithm is simple, efficient, and motivated by the observation that approximate inference is more accurate on graphs with longer cycles. We present extensive numerical simulations that illustrate our block-graph framework with a variety of inference algorithms (e.g., those in the libDAI software package). These simulations show the improvements provided by our framework.
description: Extended the previous version to include extensive numerical simulations. See http://www.ima.umn.edu/~dvats/GeneralizedInference.html for code and data
Inflation with stable anisotropic hair: is it cosmologically viable?
Creators: name: Hervik, Sigbjørn
name: Mota, David F.
name: Thorsrud, Mikjel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently an inflationary model with a vector field coupled to the inflaton was proposed and the phenomenology studied for the Bianchi type I spacetime. It was found that the model demonstrates a counter-example to the cosmic no-hair theorem since there exists a stable anisotropically inflationary fix-point. One of the great triumphs of inflation, however, is that it explains the observed flatness and isotropy of the universe today without requiring special initial conditions. Any acceptable model for inflation should thus explain these observations in a satisfactory way. To check whether the model meets this requirement, we introduce curvature to the background geometry and consider axisymmetric spacetimes of Bianchi type II,III and the Kantowski-Sachs metric. We show that the anisotropic Bianchi type I fix-point is an attractor for the entire family of such spacetimes. The model is predictive in the sense that the universe gets close to this fix-point after a few e-folds for a wide range of initial conditions. If inflation lasts for N e-folds, the curvature at the end of inflation is typically of order exp(-2N). The anisotropy in the expansion rate at the end of inflation, on the other hand, while being small on the one-percent level, is highly significant. We show that after the end of inflation there will be a period of isotropization lasting for about 2N/3 e-folds. After that the shear scales as the curvature and becomes dominant around N e-folds after the end of inflation. For plausible bounds on the reheat temperature the minimum number of e-folds during inflation, required for consistency with the isotropy of the supernova Ia data, lays in the interval (21,48). Thus the results obtained for our restricted class of spacetimes indicates that inflation with anisotropic hair is cosmologically viable.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures; v2: Minor changes, refs added; v3: JHEP version (proof-reading corrections)
Varying Input Segmentation for Story Boundary Detection in English, Arabic and Mandarin Broadcast News: Presentation Powerpoint Slides
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: Rosenberg, Andrew
name: Sharifi, Mehrbod
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology
Communication

description: Story segmentation of news broadcasts has been shown to improve the accuracy of the subsequent processes such as question answering and information retrieval. In previous work, a decision tree trained on automatically extracted lexical and acoustic features was trained to predict story boundaries, using hypothesized sentence boundaries to define potential story boundaries. In this paper, we empirically evaluate several alternatives to choice of segmentation on three languages: English, Mandarin and Arabic. Our results suggest that the best performance can be achieved by using 250ms pause-based segmentation or sentence boundaries determined using a very low confidence score threshold.
IBM’s PIQUANT II in TREC2004
Creators: name: Blair-Goldensohn, Sasha
name: Chu-Carroll, Jennifer
name: Czuba, Krzysztof
name: Prager, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: PIQUANT II, the system we used for TREC 2004, is a completely reengineered system whose core functionalities for answering factoid and list questions remain largely unchanged from previous. We continue to address these questions using our multi-strategy and multi-source approach.
SALL - Canva
Creators: name: Ellinogermaniki Agogi
name: European Network of Science Centres and Museums
name: University of Deusto
name: University of Cyprus
name: Ciência Viva
name: ORT Israel
name: Nemo Science Museum (the Netherlands)
name: TRACES (France)
name: NETCOMPANY INTRASOFT
name: Lisbon Council
name: Centre for the Promotion of Science
name: SCIENCE CENTRE AHHAA
name: Blue World Institute
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The SALL Canva represents a useful summary outlining a concrete approach to science education programs by promoting collaboration between schools and local communities - utilising the living-lab methodology to facilitate a transformation in the European educational landscape.
Additional file 1 of A framework for the implementation of certification procedures in nurse level: a mixed approach study
Creators: name: Salma, Israa
name: Waelli, Mathias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table analysis using the quality implementation tool (QIT).
Natural Vacuum Alignment from Group Theory: The Minimal Case
Creators: name: Holthausen, Martin
name: Schmidt, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrete flavour symmetries have been proven successful in explaining the leptonic flavour structure. To account for the observed mixing pattern, the flavour symmetry has to be broken to different subgroups in the charged and neutral lepton sector. However, cross-couplings via non-trivial contractions in the scalar potential force the group to break to the same subgroup. We present a solution to this problem by extending the flavour group in such a way that it preserves the flavour structure, but leads to an 'accidental' symmetry in the flavon potential. We have searched for symmetry groups up to order 1000, which forbid all dangerous cross-couplings and extend one of the interesting groups A4, T7, S4, T' or Δ(27). We have found a number of candidate groups and present a model based on one of the smallest extension of A4, namely Q8 \rtimes A4. We show that the most general non-supersymmetric potential allows for the correct vacuum alignment. We investigate the effects of higher dimensional operators on the vacuum configuration and mixing angles, and give a see-saw-like UV completion. Finally, we discuss the supersymmetrization of the model. Additionally, we release the Mathematica package "Discrete" providing various useful tools for model building such as easily calculating invariants of discrete groups and flavon potentials.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures; references added, minor changes, matches version published in JHEP
Scattering and Blow up for the Two Dimensional Focusing Quintic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Creators: name: Guevara, Cristi
name: Carreon, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using the concentration-compactness method and the localized virial type arguments, we study the behavior of $H^1$ solutions to the focusing quintic NLS in $\R^2$, namely, $$i \partial_t u+Δu+|u|^4u=0,\quad\quad (x, t) \in \R^2\times\R.$$ Denoting by $M[u]$ and $E[u]$, the mass and energy of a solution $u,$ respectively, and $Q$ the ground state solution to $-Q+ΔQ+ |Q|^4Q=0$, and assuming $M[u]E[u]
description: 37 pages, 2 figures and updated references
Downstepped Contours in the Given/New Distinction: Presentation Powerpoint Slides
Creators: name: Gravano, Agustin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Information technology
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This presentation starts with an introduction to ToBI or Tones and Break Indices. The introduction includes a review of discourse structure, information status, the meaning of intonational contours, and downstepped contours. Next, the presentation discusses the Boston Directions Corpus. This discussion includes a description of the corpus, a description of downstep and discourse structure, and a description of downstep and information status. The presentation ends with a discussion of the Games Project, including a description of the corpus as well as areas of ongoing and future research.
Additional file 2 of A framework for the implementation of certification procedures in nurse level: a mixed approach study
Creators: name: Salma, Israa
name: Waelli, Mathias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table analysis using translational mobilization theory (TMT).
An Efficient Automated Validation Procedure for Exoplanet Transit Candidates
Creators: name: Morton, Timothy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surveys searching for transiting exoplanets have found many more candidates than they have been able to confirm as true planets. This situation is especially acute with the Kepler survey, which has found over 2300 candidates but has confirmed only 77 planets to date. I present here a general procedure that can quickly be applied to any planet candidate to calculate its false positive probability. This procedure takes into account the period, depth, duration, and shape of the signal; the colors of the target star; arbitrary spectroscopic or imaging follow-up observations; and informed assumptions about the populations and distributions of field stars and multiple-star properties. I also introduce the concept of the "specific occurrence rate," which allows for the calculation of the FPP without relying on an assumed planet radius function. Applying these methods to a sample of known Kepler planets, I demonstrate that many signals can be validated with very limited follow-up observations: in most cases with only a spectrum and an AO image. Additionally, I demonstrate that this procedure can reliably identify false positive signals. Because of the computational efficiency of this analysis, it is feasible to apply it to all Kepler planet candidates in the near future, and it will streamline the follow-up efforts for Kepler and other current and future transit surveys.
description: accepted to ApJ
Additional file 3 of A framework for the implementation of certification procedures in nurse level: a mixed approach study
Creators: name: Salma, Israa
name: Waelli, Mathias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 3: Study reporting using the COREQ checklist.
Investigation of microscopic pedestrian walking behavior
Creators: name: Hediyeh, Houman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: In sustainable urban planning, non-motorized active modes of travel such as walking are identified as a leading driver for a healthy, liveable, and resource-efficient environment. Walking is also an integral component of most trips. However, walking receives less attention in transportation engineering and planning compared to motorized modes. As the global society is becoming more aware of the benefits of active transportation, there is an increasing demand for designing and shaping the transportation system to put more emphasis on pedestrians. As such, standards and guidelines need to be developed in order to provide practitioners with the tools required to objectively evaluate pedestrian oriented facilities. However, the tools and methods developed and used for modeling pedestrian movement have not yet been developed to a level that can reliably measure pedestrian activity and behavior. To encourage walking, there is a need for a solid understanding of pedestrian walking behavior. This understanding is central to the evaluation of measures of walking conditions such as comfortability and efficiency. The aim of this thesis work is to gain an in-depth understanding of pedestrian walking behavior through the investigation of walking speed and the spatiotemporal gait parameters (step length and step frequency). This microscopic-level analysis provides insight into the pedestrian walking mechanisms and the effect of various attributes such as gender and age. The analysis relies on automated video-based data collection using computer vision techniques. This thesis makes several contributions which include: i) demonstrating the feasibility of using computer vision to capture pedestrian movement, ii) investigation of pedestrian speed variations with respect to design changes to intersection crossings, iii) investigation of the ability of individual pedestrians to change their walking speed as a response to pedestrian signal indications, iv) investigation of pedestrian gait parameters for various pedestrian and design attributes, and v) development of a methodology for classification of pedestrian age and gender using spatiotemporal gait parameters.
Classification of Discourse Functions of Affirmative Words in Spoken Dialogue: Presentation Powerpoint Slides
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: Gravano, Agustin
name: Benus, Stefan
name: Mitchell, Shira
name: Vovsha, Ilia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information technology
subject: Computer science
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: We present results of a series of machine learning experiments that address the classification of the discourse function of single affirmative cue words such as alright, okay and mm-hm in a spoken dialogue corpus. We suggest that a simple discourse/sentential distinction is not sufficient for such words and propose two additional classification sub-tasks: identifying (a) whether such words convey acknowledgment or agreement, and (b) whether they cue the beginning or end of a discourse segment. We also study the classification of each individual word into its most common discourse functions. We show that models based on contextual features extracted from the time-aligned transcripts approach the error rate of trained human aligners.
Additional file 1 of Saving babies’ lives (SBL) – a programme to reduce neonatal mortality in rural Cambodia: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial
Creators: name: Patel, Kaajal
name: Say, Sopheakneary
name: Leng, Daly
name: Prak, Manila
name: Lo, Koung
name: Mukaka, Mavuto
name: Riedel, Arthur
name: Turner, Claudia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Process evaluation plan. Table showing process evaluation plan, based on a proposed framework for cluster-randomised trials of complex interventions. Participants are community health workers and primary healthcare workers.
The eurospider retreival system and the trec-8 cross-language task
Creators: name: Braschler, Martin
name: Kan, Min-Yen
name: Schauble, Peter
name: Klavans, Judith L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: The main aim of our participation in the cross-language track this year was to try different  combinations of various individual cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) approaches. We reused the same corpus-based methods that we utilized last year with considerable success, while experimenting with using a number of off-the-shelf machine translation products. We also revisited our merging approach, trying out an alternative strategy
On the Role of Context and Prosody in the Interpretation of ‘Okay’: Presentation Powerpoint Slides
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: Gravano, Agustin
name: Benus, Stefan
name: Chavez, Hector
name: Wilcox, Lauren
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information technology
subject: Computer science
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: We examine the effect of contextual and acoustic cues in the disambiguation of three discourse-pragmatic functions of the word okay. Results of a perception study show that contextual cues are stronger predictors of discourse function than acoustic cues. However, acoustic features capturing the pitch excursion at the right edge of okay feature prominently in disambiguation, whether other contextual cues are present or not.