cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-precision distance measurements with classical pulsating stars
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical Cepheid and RR Lyrae variables are radially pulsating stars that trace young and old-age stellar populations, respectively. These classical pulsating stars are the most sensitive probes for the precision stellar astrophysics and the extragalactic distance measurements. Despite their extensive use as standard candles thanks to their well-defined Period-Luminosity relations, distance measurements based on these objects suffer from their absolute primary calibrations, metallicity effects, and other systematic uncertainties. Here, I present a review of classical Cepheid, RR Lyrae, and Type II Cepheid variables starting with a historical introduction and describing their basic evolutionary and pulsational properties. I will focus on recent theoretical and observational efforts to establish absolute scale for these standard candles at multiple wavelengths. The application of these classical pulsating stars to high-precision cosmic distance scale will be discussed along with observational systematics. I will summarize with an outlook for further improvements in our understanding of these classical pulsators in the upcoming era of extremely large telescopes.
description: 34 pages, 13 figures, Invited review for the Indian Academy of Sciences Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, Accepted
USDA DATA REVISIONS OF CHOICE BEEF PRICES AND PRICE SPREADS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ESTIMATING DEMAND RESPONSES
Creators: name: Marsh, John M.
name: Marsh, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Reduced form price equations were estimated to compare market demand responses from two data sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) beef price and price spread data per revisions in 1978 and per revisions in 1990. The latest revisions were necessary to account for changing beef industry technology and product consumption in the 1980s. Results indicate the elasticities of retail and derived demands average about 25 and 17% lower, respectively, when using the 1990 revised data. Trends and lag adjustments played an important role. The analyses suggest careful interpretation of demand responses when time series data lag technology conditions in the market.
N Infinite Dimensional Quadratic Volterra Operators
Creators: name: Mukhamedov, Farrukh
name: Akin, Hasan
name: Temir, Seyit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A51, 47H60, 46T05, 92B99

description: In this paper we study a class of quadratic operators named by Volterra operators on infinite dimensional space. We prove that such operators have infinitely many fixed points and the set of Volterra operators forms a convex compact set. In addition, it is described its extreme points. Besides, we study certain limit behaviors of such operators and give some more examples of Volterra operators for which their trajectories do not converge. Finally, we define a compatible sequence of finite dimensional Volterra operators and prove that any power of this sequence converges in weak topology.
description: 21 pages
FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCER SUPPORT FOR A STATE MANDATORY SEED LAW: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Makus, Larry D.
name: Guenthner, Joseph F.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Makus, Larry D.
name: Guenthner, Joseph F.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: A probit model identifies characteristics influencing Idaho potato producer support or opposition to a state mandatory certified seed law. Economic self interest appears to be the most important influencer. Current users of certified seed and growers of certified seed are strong supporters. However, producer attitudes about the impact of seed-borne diseases and effectiveness of certified seed as a control mechanism also are important. Respondent characteristics (gross farm income, potato acreage, and geographic region of the state) seem to be less important influencers.
Curating Long-term Vector Maps
Creators: name: Nashed, Samer
name: Biswas, Joydeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.9

description: Autonomous service mobile robots need to consistently, accurately, and robustly localize in human environments despite changes to such environments over time. Episodic non-Markov Localization addresses the challenge of localization in such changing environments by classifying observations as arising from Long-Term, Short-Term, or Dynamic Features. However, in order to do so, EnML relies on an estimate of the Long-Term Vector Map (LTVM) that does not change over time. In this paper, we introduce a recursive algorithm to build and update the LTVM over time by reasoning about visibility constraints of objects observed over multiple robot deployments. We use a signed distance function (SDF) to filter out observations of short-term and dynamic features from multiple deployments of the robot. The remaining long-term observations are used to build a vector map by robust local linear regression. The uncertainty in the resulting LTVM is computed via Monte Carlo resampling the observations arising from long-term features. By combining occupancy-grid based SDF filtering of observations with continuous space regression of the filtered observations, our proposed approach builds, updates, and amends LTVMs over time, reasoning about all observations from all robot deployments in an environment. We present experimental results demonstrating the accuracy, robustness, and compact nature of the extracted LTVMs from several long-term robot datasets.
description: 6 pages
CoMaLit -- VI. Intrinsic scatter in stacked relations. The weak lensing AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3
Creators: name: Sereno, Mauro
name: Ettori, Stefano
name: Lesci, Giorgio F.
name: Marulli, Federico
name: Maturi, Matteo
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Radovich, Mario
name: Bellagamba, Fabio
name: Roncarelli, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unbiased and precise mass calibration of galaxy clusters is crucial to fully exploit galaxy clusters as cosmological probes. Stacking of weak lensing signal allows us to measure observable-mass relations down to less massive halos halos without extrapolation. We propose a Bayesian inference method to constrain the intrinsic scatter of the mass proxy in stacked analyses. The scatter of the stacked data is rescaled with respect to the individual scatter based on the number of binned clusters. We apply this method to the galaxy clusters detected with the AMICO (Adaptive Matched Identifier of Clustered Objects) algorithm in the third data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey. The results confirm the optical richness as a low scatter mass proxy. Based on the optical richness and the calibrated weak lensing mass-richness relation, mass of individual objects down to ~10^13 solar masses can be estimated with a precision of ~20 per cent.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures; in press on MNRAS
The Inferior Pulvinar Plays an Integral Role in the Development of Visuomotor Behaviour and Following an Early-Life Lesion of V1
Creators: name: DYLAN MICHAEL FOX
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Behavioral Neuroscience
subject: 60305 Evolution of Developmental Systems
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60805 Animal Neurobiology

description: Whilst being the largest thalamic nuclei in primates (including humans), the pulvinar has remained understudied, rarely being the focus of any given investigation. However, we are beginning to uncover the extensive connectivity of the pulvinar and subsequently the numerous functions it can contribute to. Together this work reveals that the inferior pulvinar is crucial in the developing brain to map the appropriate organisation of many visuomotor regions pertaining to manual actions and visual perception. This previously unresolved connection between pulvinar input and visually-guided behaviours should now be an important consideration for future research investigating visuomotor perception.
Jansma, N.S.H.: Ornements des manuscrits coptes du monastere blanc
Creators: name: Wessel, Klaus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 60 (1976): Oriens christianus, Band 60
Limit theorems for sums of products of consecutive partial quotients of continued fractions
Creators: name: Hu, Hui
name: Hussain, Mumtaz
name: Yu, Yueli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $[a_1(x),a_2(x),\ldots, a_n(x), \ldots]$ be the continued fraction expansion of an irrational number $x\in (0, 1)$. The study of the growth rate of the product of consecutive partial quotients $a_n(x)a_{n+1}(x)$ is associated with the improvements to Dirichlet's theorem (1842). We establish both the weak and strong laws of large numbers for the partial sums $S_n(x)= \sum_{i=1}^n a_i(x)a_{i+1}(x)$ as well as, from a multifractal analysis point of view, investigate its increasing rate. Specifically, we prove the following results: \medskip \begin{itemize} \item For any $ε>0$, the Lebesgue measure of the set $$\left\{x\in(0, 1): \left|\frac{ S_n(x)}{n\log^2 n}-\frac1{2\log2}\right|\geq ε\right\}$$tends to zero as $n$ to infinity. \item For Lebesgue almost all $x\in (0,1)$, $$\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac{S_n(x)-\max\limits_{1\leq i \leq n}a_i(x)a_{i+1}(x)}{n\log^2n}=\frac{1}{2\log2}.$$ \item The Hausdorff dimension of the set $$E(ϕ):=\left\{x\in(0,1):\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow \infty}\frac{S_n(x)}{ϕ(n)}=1\right\}$$ is determined for a range of increasing functions $ϕ: \mathbb N\to \mathbb R^+$. \end{itemize}
description: 27 pages
Performance of a partially stratified-charge natural gas engine
Creators: name: Reynolds, Conor
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Partially Stratified-Charge (PSC) concept is a novel way to improve the combustion characteristics of an otherwise standard spark-ignition engine, operating at a lean air-fuel ratio. PSC involves providing a relatively rich air-fuel mixture in the vicinity of the spark plug, while maintaining an ultra-lean homogeneous charge in the main combustion chamber area. This is achieved by injecting a small quantity of natural gas, comprising less than 5% of the overall fuel mass, in the region of the spark plug just prior to ignition. A stable flame kernel is formed in this region, which then rapidly propagates through the combustion chamber. PSC requires no modification to basic engine design, but only to the method of introducing fuel to the combustion chamber. Natural gas has been used, both for injection through the spark-plug and for the main homogeneous fuelling, because PSC is suited to gaseous fuelling and also because natural gas is an abundant, clean burning and relatively low cost fuel. Tests have been performed using a fully instrumented single cylinder research engine. The experiments were undertaken at selected engine speeds and MBT (minimum advance for best torque) spark timing and wide-open throttle for both homogenous and PSC engine configurations. Engine load was varied without use of a throttle by leaning the air-fuel mixture; the minimum achievable load therefore occurred at the lean misfire limit. The effect of changing PSC injection timing and quantity has been investigated. The performance characteristics of PSC have been compared to the general homogeneous fuelling case. The results show that the improved engine performance with PSC, particularly during ultra-lean operation, reduced levels of both brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions by approximately 8% and there was an increase in brake mean effective pressure of approximately 7%. An analysis of in-cylinder pressure data revealed that PSC reduces ignition delay and combustion duration, and increases peak cylinder pressure. An extension of the lean misfire limit was achieved due to improved combustion initiation and stability with PSC.
Low-energy reactor neutrino physics with the CONNIE experiment
Creators: name: Nasteva, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) uses fully depleted high-resistivity CCDs (charge coupled devices) with the aim of detecting the coherent elastic scattering of reactor antineutrinos off silicon nuclei and probing physics beyond the Standard Model. The analysis of the 2016--2018 data allowed us to set an upper limit at 95% confidence level on the coherent scattering rate, which was used to place stringent constraints on simplified extensions of the Standard Model with light scalar and vector mediators. In 2019, the experiment operated with an improved readout and a lower energy threshold of 50 eV. We present the performance of the CONNIE experiment, new results of the analysis of 2019 data, and the recent update of the detector with skipper CCDs.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Geometric phase in a dissipative Jaynes-Cummings model: theoretical explanation for resonance robustness
Creators: name: Viotti, Ludmila
name: Lombardo, Fernando C.
name: Villar, Paula I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We follow a generalized kinematic approach to compute the geometric phases acquired in both unitary and dissipative Jaynes-Cummings models, which provide a fully quantum description for a two-level system interacting with a single mode of the (cavity) electromagnetic field, in a perfect or dissipative cavity respectively. In the dissipative model, the non-unitary effects arise from the outflow of photons through the cavity walls and the incoherent pumping of the two-level system. Our approach allows to compare the geometric phases acquired in these models, leading to an exhaustive characterization of the corrections introduced by the presence of the environment. We also provide geometric interpretations for the observed behaviors. When the resonance condition is satisfied, we show the geometric phase is robust, exhibiting a vanishing correction under a non-unitary evolution. This fact is supported with a geometrical explanation as well.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
XENON1T solar axion and the Higgs boson emerging from the dark
Creators: name: Cacciapaglia, Giacomo
name: Cai, Chengfeng
name: Frandsen, Mads T.
name: Rosenlyst, Martin
name: Zhang, Hong Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent letter we proposed a new non-thermal mechanism of Dark Matter production based on vacuum misalignment, where both the Higgs boson and a very light pseudo-scalar $η$ emerge from the Dark sector. In this letter, we identify the parameter space in a composite scenario where the light pseudo-scalar can be produced in the sun and explain the XENON1T excess in electron recoil data. The model's Dark Matter candidate has a mass around $50$ TeV and out of range for Direct Detection. Testable predictions include Gravitational waves at frequencies in the Hz range from a cosmological phase transition, an exotic decay $Z \to γ+ \mbox{inv.}$ with rates $4 ÷16 \cdot 10^{-12}$ testable at a future Tera-Z collider, and an enhancement by $17÷40$ % of the branching ratio $K_L \to π^0 + \mbox{inv.}$, not enough to explain the KOTO anomaly. All these predictions may be confirmed by future experiments.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 3 of Professional identity formation within Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Brown, Megan El
name: Whybrow, Paul
name: Kirwan, Gavin
name: Finn, Gabrielle M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Data extraction sheet- scoping review.
IN DEFENSE OF FENCE TO FENCE: CAN THE BACKWARD BENDING SUPPLY CURVE EXIST?
Creators: name: Just, Richard E.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Just, Richard E.
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Politicians dealing with the "farm problem" sometimes lament that output increases when prices go up and when prices go down. This article presents three possible theoretical explanations. In the first, farmers deplete soil (over-farm) when prices are low and imperfect capital markets prevent borrowing. In the second, farmers in financial stress (low prices) allocate more family labor to farming to meet debt-repayment constraints. In the third, wealth held in farmland tends to decline as prices decline. With decreasing absolute risk aversion, this increases risk aversion which, in extreme cases, causes negative supply response.
ID : remembrance
Creators: name: Tabata, James Takashi
name: 0000-0002-0641-9908
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Music
Contemporary

description: ID: Remembrance is a cross genre concept album combining indie rock and contemporary concert music practices. Written for an eclectic band of performing musicians, dancers, and photographers, ID: Remembrance shares stories of attacks on minority expression and emphasizes the need for empathy. The performance of this work will be accompanied by video interviews with Hispanic and LGBTQ+ people, messages from those suffering from government suppression, and interpretive dancing. The writing of this raw, emotional collaboration fills me with purpose and resolve to stand for whom and what I believe in with my most honest compositional and theatrical voice - both figuratively and literally as a singer/songwriter-composer.
Resampling Base Distributions of Normalizing Flows
Creators: name: Stimper, Vincent
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
name: Hernández-Lobato, José Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Normalizing flows are a popular class of models for approximating probability distributions. However, their invertible nature limits their ability to model target distributions whose support have a complex topological structure, such as Boltzmann distributions. Several procedures have been proposed to solve this problem but many of them sacrifice invertibility and, thereby, tractability of the log-likelihood as well as other desirable properties. To address these limitations, we introduce a base distribution for normalizing flows based on learned rejection sampling, allowing the resulting normalizing flow to model complicated distributions without giving up bijectivity. Furthermore, we develop suitable learning algorithms using both maximizing the log-likelihood and the optimization of the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and apply them to various sample problems, i.e. approximating 2D densities, density estimation of tabular data, image generation, and modeling Boltzmann distributions. In these experiments our method is competitive with or outperforms the baselines.
No Redshift Evolution in the Broad Line Region Metallicity up to z=7.54: Deep NIR Spectroscopy of ULAS J1342+0928
Creators: name: Onoue, Masafusa
name: Bañados, Eduardo
name: Mazzucchelli, Chiara
name: Venemans, Bram P.
name: Schindler, Jan-Torge
name: Walter, Fabian
name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
name: Andika, Irham Taufik
name: Davies, Frederick B.
name: Decarli, Roberto
name: Farina, Emanuele P.
name: Jahnke, Knud
name: Nagao, Tohru
name: Tominaga, Nozomu
name: Wang, Feige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep (9 hours) Gemini-N/GNIRS near-infrared spectroscopic observations of ULAS J1342+0928, a luminous quasar at z=7.54. Various broad emission lines were detected, as well as the underlying continuum and iron forests over the rest-frame wavelength 970-2930A. There is a clear trend that higher-ionization emission lines show larger blueshifts with CIV1549 exhibiting 5510^{+240}_{-110} km s-1 blueshift with respect to the systematic redshift from the far-infrared [CII] 158um emission line. Those high ionization lines have wide profiles with FWHM more than 10000 km s-1. A modest blueshift of 340^{+110}_{-80} km s-1 is also seen in MgII, the lowest ionization line identified in the spectrum. The updated MgII-based black hole mass of M_BH=9.1_{-1.3}^{+1.4} x 10^8 M_sun and the Eddington ratio of L_bol/L_Edd=1.1_{-0.2}^{+0.2} confirm that ULAS J1342+0928 is powered by a massive and actively accreting black hole. There is no significant difference in the emission line ratios such as SiIV/CIV and AlIII/CIV when compared to lower-redshift quasars in a similar luminosity range, which suggests early metal pollution of the broad-line-region clouds. This trend also holds for the FeII/MgII line ratio, known as a cosmic clock that traces the iron enrichment in the early universe. Different iron templates and continuum fitting ranges were used to explore how the FeII/MgII measurement changes as a function of spectral modeling. Quasars at even higher redshift or at fainter luminosity range (L_bol<10^46 erg s-1) are needed to probe the sites of early metal enrichment and a corresponding change in the FeII/MgII ratio.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
A Sudden Gravitational Transition
Creators: name: Caldwell, Robert R.
name: Komp, William
name: Parker, Leonard
name: Vanzella, Daniel A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of a cosmological scenario which undergoes a gravitational phase transition at late times. In this scenario, the Universe evolves according to general relativity in the standard, hot Big Bang picture until a redshift z \lesssim 1. Non-perturbative phenomena associated with a minimally-coupled scalar field catalyzes a transition, whereby an order parameter consisting of curvature quantities such as R^2, R_{ab}R^{ab}, R_{abcd}R^{abcd} acquires a constant expectation value. The ensuing cosmic acceleration appears driven by a dark-energy component with an equation-of-state w < -1. We evaluate the constraints from type 1a supernovae, the cosmic microwave background, and other cosmological observations. We find that a range of models making a sharp transition to cosmic acceleration are consistent with observations.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures; added references
RISK AND RETURN IN AGRICULTURE: EVIDENCE FROM AN EXPLICIT-FACTOR ARBITRAGE PRICING MODEL
Creators: name: Bjornson, Bruce
name: Innes, Robert
name: Bjornson, Bruce
name: Innes, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This article develops and estimates an explicit-factor Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) model in an endeavor to uncover (a) the systematic risk properties of returns to agricultural assets, (b) the relationship between agricultural returns and returns on comparable-risk nonagricultural assets, and (c) the possible relevance of agriculture-related risks in general capital markets. The article concludes that: (a) farmer-held assets have exhibited significant systematic/ factor risk over the 1963-82 estimation interval, but U.S. farmland has not exhibited such risk; (b) a grain-price index has been a priced factor in general capital markets; and (c) average returns on farmer-held assets have been significantly lower; and average returns on U.S. farmland significantly higher, than those on comparable-risk nonagricultural assets.
The Search for Effective Rural Policy: An Endless Quest or An Achievable Goal
Creators: name: Freshwater, David
name: Scorsone, Eric
name: Freshwater, David
name: Scorsone, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: To date, the United States has failed to articulate a coherent and effective national rural development policy. The federal government, with a few exceptions, has focused primarily on a sector based policy that has only indirect, and at times weak, impact on rural America. State governments, once championed as the key to effective rural policy, have also failed to move beyond their traditional areas of focus in, education, corrections, Medicaid and other state services. No obvious forum or arena in which federal or state governments can carry out a national rural development policy other than as an afterthought of other policies and programs has developed, nor is one visible on the horizon. We believe national development can only come about through the aggregation of successful local development initiatives. The sheer diversity of rural America, from agricultural communities to manufacturing intensive places or retirement destinations, makes it difficult for states or the federal government to create and manage a coherent set of rural development policies. At the same time, many parts of rural America continue to suffer from economic and social disparities with the rest of the nation and have become increasingly dependent on federal and state transfer payment programs. National rural development policy has been unable to adequately take these and many other factors into account. Federal and state governments must rethink their role in rural development policy. These levels of government, rather than creating and managing large government programs, can provide support through block grants, fiscal and regulatory flexibility and technical assistance. A new rural development policy must accept that the progress is incremental and that change must be based on a broad coalition of support. This means that we have to move from top-down to bottom-up approaches. Local governments represent an important piece of the rural policy puzzle and the revival of rural America. Rural cities and counties are best positioned to address the needs of rural America, but have been hampered in the past due to state restrictions on revenue raising capacity and expenditure limitations. Many analysts now believe that rural development policy can be carried out more effectively by local governments enacting positive changes in their community to revive economies and reduce disparities. The large number of local governments and overlapping jurisdictions implies that rural city-county partnerships must be the foundation of nationally-based rural development policy.
Extreme expected values and their applications in quantum information processing
Creators: name: Lu, Wangjun
name: Shao, Lei
name: Zhang, Xingyu
name: Zhang, Zhucheng
name: Chen, Jie
name: Tao, Hong
name: Wang, Xiaoguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the probability distribution when the monotonic function $F(X)$ of the independent variable $X$ takes the maximum or minimum expected value under the two constraints of a certain probability and a certain expected value of the independent variable $X$. We proposed an equal probability and equal expected value splitting method. With this method, we proved four inequalities, and two of them can be reduced to Jensen's inequalities. Subsequently, we find that after dividing the non-monotone function $H(X)$ into multiple monotone intervals, the problem of solving the maximum and minimum expected values of $H(X)$ can be transformed into the problem of solving the extreme value of a multiple-variable function. Finally, we apply the proved theory to solve three problems in quantum information processing. When studying the quantum parameter estimation in Mach-Zehnder interferometer, for an equal total input photon number, we find an optimal path-symmetric input state that makes the quantum Fisher information take the maximum value, and we prove that the NOON state is the path-symmetric state that makes the quantum Fisher information takes the minimum value. When studying the quantum parameter estimation in Landau-Zener-Jaynes-Cummings model, we find the optimal initial state of the cavity field that makes the system obtain the maximum quantum Fisher information. Finally, for an equal initial average photon number, we find the optimal initial state of the cavity field that makes the Tavis-Cummings quantum battery have the maximum stored energy and the maximum average charging power.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Steigerung der Faktorproduktivitat in der Schweizer Milchverarbeitung
Creators: name: Lips, Markus
name: Lips, Markus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: The paper simulates a factor productivity increase in the Swiss dairy sector. As a result, the raw milk price is noticeably supported. The analysis is carried out with a general equilibrium model.
Additional file 3 of Deciphering the mode of action and position of genetic variants impacting on egg number in broiler breeders
Creators: name: Tarsani, Eirini
name: Kranis, Andreas
name: Maniatis, Gerasimos
name: Avendano, Santiago
name: Ariadne L. Hager-Theodorides
name: Kominakis, Antonios
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 2. Genes obtained by previous GWASs for egg and reproductive traits in Gallus gallus.
The Common Agricultural Policy from a Swiss point of view
Creators: name: Hofer, Eduard
name: Eggenschwiler, Christophe
name: Hofer, Eduard
name: Eggenschwiler, Christophe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The present contribution relates to the development of the CAP from it's creation in the 60's to it's last reform in June 2003. On the one hand, this reform has been designed to respond to the challenge of financing the EU enlargement despite the CAP budgetary restrictions. On the other hand, it is obliged to respond to the demands of the society. This last reform shows outstanding similarities with the agriculture policies reforms undertaken in Switzerland in the 90'. 'Cross compliance' (direct payments bound to eco-logical conditions) and decoupling of domestic support measures are surely among the most significant similarities of the two reforms. Although quite a significant price gap remains, the UE and Swiss agricultural policies are constantly drawing nearer. The bi-lateral agreement and the common interests in the WTO negotia-tion will certainly intensify this process.
Duric, Vojeslav J.: Byzantinische Fresken in Jugoslavien
Creators: name: Wessel, Klaus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 60 (1976): Oriens christianus, Band 60
Marktorientierte Landwirtschaft und dezentrale Besiedlung: ein Widerspruch?
Creators: name: Burkard, Michael
name: Burkard, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Production Economics

description: According to the principle of multifunctionality in article 104 of the Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation the Confederation shall ensure that agriculture contributes substantially by way of a market-oriented production to a decentralized inhabitation of the country. The following article investigates the relation of the two political aims market orientation and decentralized inhabitation from analysing the effects of agricultural subsidies. Resulting from this example different development scenarios are highlighted for the rural area.
The effect of exhaust gas recirculation on particulate matter emissions from a compression-ignition, natural gas fuelled engine
Creators: name: Brakel, Thomas Willem
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A mini-dilution tunnel was designed and built to measure particulate matter (PM) emissions from a single-cylinder research engine (SCRE) based on the Cummins ISX 400 series. The SCRE relies on the high-pressure direct injection of natural gas, pilot ignited with diesel fuel for combustion. Two methods were used for PM measurements: pre-weighed filters and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). A repeatability study was conducted to determine the experimental error associated with PM measurements and to compare results from pre-weighed filters with those taken using a TEOM. The PM emission rate uncertainty was determined to be at maximum 29%, with 10-12% due to measurement uncertainty and the remainder due to poor engine repeatability. PM emission rates from the TEOM showed excellent correlation with measurements using pre-weighed filters by applying a correction factor of 1.43. The second part of this work was to examine the effect of replacement exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on particulate emissions. EGR is primarily used in engines to reduce the formation of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The drawback of using high EGR flow rates is a deterioration in combustion and an increase in the amount of unburned species (HC, CO, PM) that are formed. The results show the PM penalty is negligible for EGR rates up to 15% and that increasing the exhaust pressure significantly affects PM and CO emissions. It was also found that increasing the amount of diesel pilot at 800 RPM 75% load with 17% EGR significantly increases PM and CO emissions.
Neue Nationalparks: Externe Wunsche versus lokale Existenz
Creators: name: Menet, Sibylle
name: Menet, Sibylle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The New Regional Policy places emphasis on local initiatives, e.g. the use of local potential such as the creation of a national park. National parks aim at combining nature conservation with business development and provide new stimulus for the concerned region. The success of the projects largely depends on the support of local stakeholders and the meeting of their interests. National parks have direct and indirect impacts on rural areas and influence the functioning of communities. If the national park does not provide a stimulus to the economic function, the by-products recreation and ecological compensation will not be produced. This weakens the functioning of communities. The locals play an important role. They decide on how to benefit from local potential, on which by-products they will produce and whether they will agree to a national park or not.
Reinforcement Learning for Digital Quantum Simulation
Creators: name: Bolens, Adrien
name: Heyl, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Digital quantum simulation is a promising application for quantum computers. Their free programmability provides the potential to simulate the unitary evolution of any many-body Hamiltonian with bounded spectrum by discretizing the time evolution operator through a sequence of elementary quantum gates, typically achieved using Trotterization. A fundamental challenge in this context originates from experimental imperfections for the involved quantum gates, which critically limits the number of attainable gates within a reasonable accuracy and therefore the achievable system sizes and simulation times. In this work, we introduce a reinforcement learning algorithm to systematically build optimized quantum circuits for digital quantum simulation upon imposing a strong constraint on the number of allowed quantum gates. With this we consistently obtain quantum circuits that reproduce physical observables with as little as three entangling gates for long times and large system sizes. As concrete examples we apply our formalism to a long range Ising chain and the lattice Schwinger model. Our method makes larger scale digital quantum simulation possible within the scope of current experimental technology.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Changing future: expected development in Alpine farming
Creators: name: Flury, Christian
name: Gotsch, Nikolaus
name: Rieder, Peter
name: Flury, Christian
name: Gotsch, Nikolaus
name: Rieder, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: In the coming years, significant changes are to be expected in agriculture in mountain regions due to the changing general environment. It can be assumed that product prices will sink while production costs remain unchanged at their present high level. Therefore, a more incisive structural change will be necessary if additional direct payments are not forthcoming. Economic survival can only be assured if the number of farms, and in particular the number of workforce, decrease even further. This will also lead to a decline in agriculture's contribution to decentralised settlement. On the other hand, if this structural adaptation is impeded, the result will be a major decline in the per capita income of the workforce and, consequently, social problems. The reduction in the number of workforce is an economic necessity and in turn will lead to changes in production strategies. Given the anticipated price relationships, dairy farming will become less competitive compared to meat production. If the workforce is mobile and economic decisions are based on labour costs, labour-intensive production systems in animal husbandry and land use will be cut back in favour of extensive meat production on large pastures. The undesirable consequences are higher emissions of volatile nitrogen or changes in the botanical composition on meadows that were previously mown.
Probing Reionization and Early Cosmic Enrichment with the MgII Forest
Creators: name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
name: Davies, Frederick B.
name: Wang, Feige
name: Oñorbe, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because the same massive stars that reionized the intergalactic medium (IGM) inevitably exploded as supernovae that polluted the Universe with metals, the history of cosmic reionization and enrichment are intimately intertwined. While the overly sensitive Ly-alpha transition completely saturates in a neutral IGM, strong low-ionization metal lines like the MgII 2796,2804 doublet will give rise to a detectable `metal-line forest' if the metals produced during reionization (Z ~ 10^{-3}Z_sol) permeate the neutral IGM. We simulate the MgII forest for the first time by combining a large hydrodynamical simulation with a semi-numerical reionization topology, assuming a simple enrichment model where the IGM is uniformly suffused with metals. In contrast to the traditional approach of identifying discrete absorbers, we treat the absorption as a continuous random field and measure its two-point correlation function, leveraging techniques from precision cosmology. We show that a realistic mock dataset of 10 JWST spectra can simultaneously determine the Mg abundance, [Mg/H], with a 1sigma precision of 0.02 dex and measure the global neutral fraction to 5% for a Universe with = 0.74 and [Mg/H] = -3.7. Alternatively, if the IGM is pristine, a null-detection of the MgII forest would set a stringent upper limit on the IGM metallicity of [Mg/H] < -4.4 at 95% credibility, assuming > 0.5 from another probe. Concentrations of metals in the circumgalactic environs of galaxies can significantly contaminate the IGM signal, but we demonstrate how these discrete absorbers can be easily identified and masked such that their impact on the correlation function is negligible. The MgII forest thus has tremendous potential to precisely constrain the reionization and enrichment history of the Universe.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Classical algebraic structures in string theory effective actions
Creators: name: Erbin, Harold
name: Maccaferri, Carlo
name: Schnabl, Martin
name: Vošmera, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study generic properties of string theory effective actions obtained by classically integrating out massive excitations from string field theories based on cyclic homotopy algebras of $A_\infty$ or $L_\infty$ type. We construct observables in the UV theory and we discuss their fate after integration-out. Furthermore, we discuss how to compose two subsequent integrations of degrees of freedom (horizontal composition) and how to integrate out degrees of freedom after deforming the UV theory with a new consistent interaction (vertical decomposition). We then apply our general results to the open bosonic string using Witten's open string field theory. There we show how the horizontal composition can be used to systematically integrate out the Nakanishi-Lautrup field from the set of massless excitations, ending with a non-abelian $A_\infty$-gauge theory for just the open string gluon. Moreover we show how the vertical decomposition can be used to construct effective open-closed couplings by deforming Witten OSFT with a tadpole given by the Ellwood invariant. Also, we discuss how the effective theory controls the possibility of removing the tadpole in the microscopic theory, giving a new framework for studying D-branes deformations induced by changes in the closed string background.
description: 85 pages
Quantum phase transitions and a disorder-based filter in a Floquet system
Creators: name: Bhargava, Balaganchi A.
name: Das, Sanjib Kumar
name: Fulga, Ion Cosma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional periodically-driven topological insulators have been shown to exhibit numerous topological phases, including ones which have no static analog, such as anomalous Floquet topological phases. We study a two dimensional model of spinless fermions on a honeycomb lattice with periodic driving. We show that this model exhibits a rich mixture of weak and strong topological phases, which we identify by computing their scattering matrix invariants. Further, we do an in-depth analysis of these topological phases in the presence of spatial disorder and show the relative robustness of these phases against imperfections. Making use of this robustness against spatial disorder, we propose a filter which allows the passage of only edge states, and which can be realized using existing experimental techniques.
description: 12 pages and 9 figures
Frauen in der Mannerdomane Landwirtschaft. Aufgezeigt am Beispiel von zehn landwirtschaftlichen Betriebsleiterinnen in der Schweiz
Creators: name: Contzen, Sandra
name: Contzen, Sandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital

description: Until now agriculture has been considered a male domain. Although approximately one third of agricultural work is done by women, only very few of them run a farm (of their own). This paper focuses on female farm operators. Ten problem-centred interviews were conducted with female farm operators to examine the motives prompting women to decide on the position and job of farm operator and how they cope. Qualitative content analysis shows that the decision is influenced by various motives, the primary one being an interest in agriculture. The way women cope in this male domain is largely assessed as good. They are holding their own, although each of them is also experiencing difficulties which, however, are not only linked to the fact that they are in a job traditionally occupied by men.
Intermediate Low Spin States in a Few-electron Quantum Dot in the $ν\le 1$ Regime
Creators: name: Nishi, Y.
name: Maksym, P. A.
name: Austing, D. G.
name: Hatano, T.
name: Kouwenhoven, L. P.
name: Aoki, H.
name: Tarucha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of electron-electron interactions in a circular few-electron vertical quantum dot in such a strong magnetic field that the filling factor $ν\le 1$. We measure excitation spectra and find ground state transitions beyond the maximum density droplet ($ν=1$) region. We compare the observed spectra with those calculated by exact diagonalization to identify the ground state quantum numbers, and find that intermediate low-spin states occur between adjacent spin-polarized magic number states.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
A solution for a transparent WTO market access: the Flexible Swiss Formula
Creators: name: Campo, Isabelle Schluep
name: Campo, Isabelle Schluep
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The Swiss tariff schedule is characterized by many disparities and distortions. Already in the Tokyo Round countries have recognized that in that case only a harmonizing formula for tariff reduction is effective. It prevents protectionists from escaping from tariff peak reduction and rewards countries that already have considerably reduced tariffs. The implementation of the Green Box, with direct payments as the central element of Swiss agricultural policy, is the basis for further liberalization of market access. Green Box measures are more efficient and transparent compared to trade distorting tariff rate quotas and tariffs. The Flexible Swiss Formula is a middle ground between the Uruguay and the Swiss Formula. Its progressive character reduces tariff peaks, tariff escalation and the binding overhang. The formula is transparent and fair and allows countries some flexibility for tariff reduction. Further, it provides a consistent framework to reduce tariff escalation and to mitigate the tariff rate quota problem. It would harmonize tariff schedules between countries and also ease distortions and disparities within each country's agricultural sector.