Kudinopasternakia balanorostrata Kakui, Kajihara & Mawatari, 2007, n. sp.
Creators: name: Kakui, Keiichi
name: Kajihara, Hiroshi
name: Mawatari, Shunsuke F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Tanaidacea
Sphyrapodidae
Kudinopasternakia
Kudinopasternakia balanorostrata

description: Kudinopasternakia balanorostrata n. sp.
(Figs 1–3)
Material examined. Holotype, non-ovigerous female (ZIHU-3252), 26°20.39’N, 127°26.24’E, north of Kuroshima Island, East China Sea, 646–709 m depth, sledge trawl, 27 May 2006.
Diagnosis. Rostrum acute, onion-shaped. Pleonite epimera rounded. Propodus of pereopod 1 with four ventral spiniform setae.
Etymology. The specific epithet, an adjective referring to the acorn-like shape of the rostrum, a composite word derived from the Latin noun balanus (acorn) and the Latin adjective rostratus (having a beak).
Description of the holotype. Body (Fig. 1 A, 1a1). Dorsoventrally flattened, 4.65 mm in length, about 5.3 times as long as wide.
Cephalothorax. About 0.2 times total body length. Eyes well defined but small, without any ommatidia or visual pigmentation. Rostrum small and acute, sides concave.
Pereonites. Wider than long; pereonite 1 rectangular, wider than carapace or other pereonites, intimately joined with carapace; succeeding five free pereonites trapezoid in shape, widest posteriorly; pereonites 4 and 5 subequal in size, similar in shape, and longer than pereonites 2, 3 and 6.
Pleon. About 0.25 times total body length, with five pleonites and pleotelson. Pleonites all wider than long, with rounded epimera and pleopods. Pleotelson slightly wider than long, and shorter than three pleonites combined, with two simple setae at tip.
Antennule (Fig. 1 B, 1b1). 1.2 times as long as carapace. Article 1 thick, almost as long as remaining articles and outer flagellum combined, with three outer and three inner simple setae and four broom setae; article 2 one-third length of article 1, with two outer and two inner simple setae and three broom setae; article 3 onethird length of article 2, with three simple setae; article 4 (common article) with one broom seta, and one simple seta at insertion of inner flagellum. Outer flagellum four-articulate; article 1 naked; article 2 with one simple seta and one aesthetasc; article 3 with two simple setae and one aesthetasc; article 4 with four simple setae and one broom seta at tip, and with transverse line halfway, bearing one simple seta. Inner flagellum biarticulate; article 1 with one simple seta; article 2 with three simple setae and one broom seta at tip.
Antenna (Fig. 1 C). Narrow and a little longer than antennule; article 1 widens distally; article 2 with pseudosquama; article 3 with one simple seta; article 4 longest, with three distal simple setae and nine broom setae; article 5 naked; articles 6–9 with several simple and broom setae, as illustrated.
Mouthparts. Labrum (Fig. 2 A) bipartite, with clumps of setae; distal margin minutely serrate. Mandibles (Fig. 2 B–D). Molar process well developed, bearing distal row of denticles and setae. Left mandible (Fig. 2 B) incisor with well developed distal denticles; setiferous lobe with four deeply bifurcate serrate setae; lacinia mobilis well developed, with four teeth. Right mandible (Fig. 2 C) incisor with two distal denticles; setiferous lobe with one bifurcate seta much stronger than others, and three biserrate setae; lacinia mobilis absent. Palp (Fig. 2 D) three-articulate; article 1 naked; article 2 with three pinnate setae; article 3 with 11 setulated setae. Labium (Fig. 2 E, 2e1). Lobe setulated on ventral margin. Palp well setulated, with bifurcate tip. Maxillule (Fig. 2 F, 2f1, 2f2). Palp biarticulate, with three subdistal setae (one of them broken, the others harpoon-tipped) and one terminal hook-tipped seta. Outer endite with 12 distal spiniform setae, two subdistal setulated setae, and several clumps of setae. Inner endite with four distal setulated setae and several clumps of setae on outer margin. Maxilla (Fig. 2 G, 2g 1). Outer lobe of movable endite with six simple setae and several minute spines on outer subdistal margin. Inner lobe of movable endite with six simple setae and two basally setulated setae. Outer lobe of fixed endite with five simple setae, two setulated setae, and three basally setulated trifurcate setae. Inner lobe of fixed endite with about 30 bifid-tipped setae and one biserrate seta. Maxilliped (Fig. 2 H, 2h1). Coxa well developed. Basis setulate on outer margin; five setulate setae along dorso-outer margin of coxa and basis (origin of specific setae from coxa or basis was obscure and remains uncertain). Endite with four basally setulated spiniform setae and five basally setulated setae on distal margin; with one spiniform seta, two setulated setae, one bifid-tipped seta, four basally setulated setae, and three coupling hooks on inner margin; outer margin setulated. Palp article 1 with one outer and one inner (very long) simple setae; article 2 with one outer long and 12 (11 medium-length and one long) inner simple setae; article 3 with seven (three medium-length and four long) inner simple setae; article 4 with 10 distal simple setae. Epignath (Fig. 2 I). Body setulated; terminal seta bifurcate on its extreme tip, setulated on distal margin.
Cheliped (Fig. 3 A). Basis almost as long as carpus, 1.7 times as long as wide; with one ventrodistal and one ventromedial short simple setae. Merus longer than half the length of carpus, with two ventro-subdistal and one inner simple setae. Carpus with four ventral simple setae. Propodus with two simple setae at dactylus insertion; fixed finger with five simple setae on ventral margin, and two simple setae and row of lamellae on cutting surface. Dactylus as long as fixed finger, with three subterminal inner simple setae and row of lamellae on cutting surface. Exopod three-articulate; distal article with four plumose setae.
Pereopod 1 (Fig. 3 B, 3b1). About 2.5 mm long, far longer than other pereopods. Coxa with two simple setae. Basis almost as long as combined length of merus and carpus, with several ventral simple setae. Ischium far wider than long, with one ventrodistal seta. Merus longer than carpus, with two dorsal and eight ventral simple setae, and one ventrodistal spiniform seta. Carpus longer than propodus, with six dorsal and one ventral simple setae, and one dorsodistal and three ventral spiniform setae. Propodus shorter than dactylus, with two dorsal and one ventral simple setae, and two dorsodistal and four ventral spiniform setae. Dactylus ventrally serrate, with one proximo-dorsal process; unguis one-third length of dactylus. Exopod three-articulate; distal article with four plumose setae.
Pereopod 2 (Fig. 3 C). Almost two-thirds the length of pereopod 1. Coxa with one simple seta. Basis with several short setae and one broom seta. Ischium wider than long, with one ventrodistal seta. Merus almost as long as carpus, with four ventral simple setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with five dorsal, six ventral, and two distal simple setae. Propodus with nine ventral simple setae and one broom seta. Dactylus with two distoventral setae; unguis one-third length of dactylus.
Pereopod 3 (Fig. 3 D). Shorter than pereopods 2 or 4. Otherwise like pereopod 2, except merus with two distal setae; carpus with four dorsal, seven ventral, and one distal simple setae; propodus with five ventral and two distal simple setae, and one broom seta.
Pereopod 4 (Fig. 3 E, 3e1). Longer than pereopods 2, 3, 5 or 6. Basis with one simple seta and two broom setae. Ischium like that of pereopod 3. Merus shorter than carpus, with one dorsodistal and two ventrodistal setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with seven simple setae. Propodus longer than dactylus, with three ventral simple setae, one dorsomedial broom seta, and 18 serrate setae. Dactylus like that of pereopod 3.
Pereopod 5 (Fig. 3 F, 3f1, 3f2). Almost as long as pereopod 2. Basis with two simple setae and one broom seta. Ischium like that of pereopod 4. Merus as long as carpus, with three distal simple setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with eight ventral simple setae. Propodus shorter than dactylus, with three ventral and three distal simple setae, one dorsomedial broom seta, and nine outer ‘dendrite setae’ (see following Remarks). Dactylus like that of pereopod 4.
Pereopod 6 (Fig. 3 G, 3g 1). Shorter than pereopod 5. Basis with two simple and eight broom setae. Ischium and merus like that of pereopod 5. Carpus longer than propodus, with nine ventral spiniform setae. Propodus shorter than dactylus, with two ventral and three distal spiniform setae, and nine outer dendrite setae. Dactylus like that of pereopod 5.
Pleopods (Fig. 1 D, 1d1). Biramous, in five pairs. Basal article with one ventral plumose seta. Exopod biarticulate; article 1 with one dorsal plumose seta; article 2 with about nine distal plumose setae. Endopod uniarticulated, with one ventral ‘distally hooked plumose seta’ (see Fig. 1 d1) at midpoint and about eight distal plumose setae.
Uropod (Fig. 1 E). Basal article and endopod combined about as long as pleon. Basal article with one simple seta. Exopod short, three-articulate, two simple setae at tip. Endopod, with serially repeated articles, with simple and broom setae as illustrated; distal article with four simple and two broom setae at tip.
Remarks. Kudinopasternakia balanorostrata n. sp. is the fifth known species of the genus. It most closely resembles K. siegi (Viskup & Heard, 1989), but can be distinguished by the pointed rostrum that is onion shaped when seen from above and with an obvious lateral excavation behind the ocular lobes (K. siegi has a large, triangular rostrum, and no lateral excavation), the number of setae on article 2 of the mandibular palp (K. siegi has seven plumose setae), and the setation on the outer lobe of the fixed endite of the maxilla. K. balanorostrata differs from K. dispar (Lang, 1968) in not having a dorsodistal spiniform process on the cheliped carpus, from K. bispinosa Guţu & Heard, 2002 in the number of ventral spiniform setae on the propodus of pereopod 1 (K. bispinosa has two), and from K. larisae (Guţu, 1989) in the shape of the rostrum and pleonites.
We here propose the term ‘dendrite setae’ for the bristles (Fig. 3 f1) observed on the propodi of pereopods 5 and 6 in K. balanorostrata. In discussing the terminology used in tanaidacean taxonomy, Larsen (2003) adopted Watling’s (1989) definition of setae as articulated structures and spines as non-articulated structures. Previous researchers have used various terms to refer to structures possibly homologous to the ‘dendrite setae’ in K. balanorostrata: “transverse row of spinules” (Lang 1968), “row of dendrite spinules” (Viskup & Heard 1989), “row of setae” (Guţu 1989), and “small spines” (Guţu & Heard 2002). Since these all have an articulation between the bristle base and the surface of the propodus, they should be referred to as “dendrite setae” rather than “dendrite spinules.”
description: Published as part of Kakui, Keiichi, Kajihara, Hiroshi & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2007, Two new sphyrapodid species (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from southwestern Japan, pp. 37-54 in Zootaxa 1563 on pages 38-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178370