cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Second-order accurate genuine BGK schemes for the ultra-relativistic flow simulations
Creators: name: Chen, Yaping
name: Kuang, Yangyu
name: Tang, Huazhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76M12, 76M25, 76N15

description: This paper presents second-order accurate genuine BGK (Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook) schemes in the framework of finite volume method for the ultra-relativistic flows. Different from the existing kinetic flux-vector splitting (KFVS) or BGK-type schemes for the ultra-relativistic Euler equations, the present genuine BGK schemes are derived from the analytical solution of the Anderson-Witting model, which is given for the first time and includes the "genuine" particle collisions in the gas transport process. The BGK schemes for the ultra-relativistic viscous flows are also developed and two examples of ultra-relativistic viscous flow are designed. Several 1D and 2D numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the proposed BGK schemes not only are accurate and stable in simulating ultra-relativistic inviscid and viscous flows, but also have higher resolution at the contact discontinuity than the KFVS or BGK-type schemes.
description: 41 pages, 13 figures
Nature of Kinetic Scale Turbulence in the Earth's Magnetosheath
Creators: name: Chen, C. H. K.
name: Boldyrev, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined observational and theoretical analysis to investigate the nature of plasma turbulence at kinetic scales in the Earth's magnetosheath. In the first decade of the kinetic range, just below the ion gyroscale, the turbulence was found to be similar to that in the upstream solar wind: predominantly anisotropic, low-frequency and kinetic Alfvén in nature. A key difference, however, is that the magnetosheath ions are typically much hotter than the electrons, $T_\mathrm{i}\gg T_\mathrm{e}$, which, together with $β_\mathrm{i}\sim 1$, leads to a change in behaviour in the second decade, close to electron scales. The turbulence here is characterised by an increased magnetic compressibility, following a mode we term the inertial kinetic Alfvén wave, and a steeper spectrum of magnetic fluctuations, consistent with the prediction $E_B(k_\perp)\propto k_\perp^{-11/3}$ that we obtain from a set of nonlinear equations. This regime of plasma turbulence may also be relevant for other astrophysical environments with $T_\mathrm{i}\gg T_\mathrm{e}$, such as the solar corona, hot accretion flows, and regions downstream of collisionless shocks.
Tenancy as a Strategy Among Rural Poor People in India, 2006-2007
Creators: name: Olsen, W.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2019

description:
This module of research under the heading "income opportunities, inequality and the poor" of Global Poverty Research Group (www.gprg.org) examines earnings opportunities for poor people in Indian contexts using secondary data, primary survey data and qualitative data. The research includes three main sub-areas. Firstly secondary data were used to review agricultural productivity differences across farm types in the context of a growing female contribution to the labour of farming. Pay and employment status differences by gender and class have been written up separately. A typology of tenant households will highlight the use of tenancy by poor workers to offset their shortage of land and water. Secondly, primary data from two village bases [data submitted here] are being used to examine strategic choices made at household and individual level regarding strategies for exiting poverty, including tenancy as a strategy. See www.ruralvisits.org for details. Thirdly, the possibility that trajectories for exiting poverty might include attempts to rent in land will be considered using detailed case studies. Some implications for agencies which support agricultural development and which provide inputs, extension, credit and infrastructure are being discussed in the final analysis of the data. Previous studies show that national datasets understate the extent of tenancy. The literature review conducted in 2003 showed that existing theoretical options for studying tenancy also leave a few gaps. Specifically, the resource allocation theory presumes that households maximise income, without allowing for risk and vulnerability; the marxist theory assumes that tenancy is a polarising factor whereas data shows more nuanced variations in experience; and neoclassical theories have tended to suffer from methodological individualism. In order to offset these gaps, the proposed research will explore how strategies are negotiated within households [qualitative data, these data are the ones that are submitted here]; how legal and institutional factors mediate the polarising or other impact of tenancy on the income distribution [comparative study of national secondary data from NCAER and NSS]; and how the meanings and impact of tenancy differ between social classes and individuals [local qualitative data]. 
Brexit as a Social Cleavage: Attitudes to Immigration and Race in Britain, 2018
Creators: name: Sobolewska, M.
name: Ford, R.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2018

description:
The Brexit as a Social Cleavage: Attitudes to Immigration and Race in Britain, 2018 study uses a British Election Study online panel sub- sample to ask about attitudes towards ethnic minorities, racist behaviours, immigrants, and people who voted for Leave and Remain in the Brexit referendum. Linkage to the other British Election Survey questions is available.

This research had four goals: (1) to examine how the vote to leave the EU relates to the emergence of divisions in British society around immigration, diversity and identity, as a continuation of past trends, a transient shock, or the beginning of a fundamental political realignment; (2) to investigate how the referendum result is impacting on the internal politics and electoral strategies of the main opposition political parties to the left and right of the governing Conservative Party; (3) analyse how the referendum result is changing the politics of immigration, currently the most salient issue in the country, and map the emergence of a new agenda within this area: of immigrant integration policy and politics; (4) undertake an intensive and clearly-defined stream of impact and knowledge exchange work to communicate our findings to key stakeholders, to inform politicians, policymakers, journalists and civil society groups.

Further details about this study can be found on the Gateway to Research webpage.
High-Resolution Altitude Profiles of the Atmospheric Turbulence with PML at the Sutherland Observatory
Creators: name: Catala, L.
name: Ziad, A.
name: Fantei-Caujolle, Y.
name: Crawford, S. M.
name: Buckley, D. A. H.
name: Borgnino, J.
name: Blary, F.
name: Nickola, M.
name: Pickering, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the prospect of the next generation of ground-based telescopes, the extremely large telescopes (ELTs), increasingly complex and demanding adaptive optics (AO) systems are needed. This is to compensate for image distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence and fully take advantage of mirrors with diameters of 30 to 40 m. This requires a more precise characterization of the turbulence. The PML (Profiler of Moon Limb) was developed within this context. The PML aims to provide high-resolution altitude profiles of the turbulence using differential measurements of the Moon limb position to calculate the transverse spatio-angular covariance of the Angle of Arrival fluctuations. The covariance of differential image motion for different separation angles is sensitive to the altitude distribution of the seeing. The use of the continuous Moon limb provides a large number of separation angles allowing for the high-resolution altitude of the profiles. The method is presented and tested with simulated data. Moreover a PML instrument was deployed at the Sutherland Observatory in South Africa in August 2011. We present here the results of this measurement campaign.
Six-quark structure of $d^*(2380)$ in chiral constituent quark model
Creators: name: Lü, Qi-Fang
name: Huang, Fei
name: Dong, Yu-Bing
name: Shen, Peng-Nian
name: Zhang, Zong-Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of $d^*(2380)$ is re-studied with the single cluster structure in the chiral SU(3) quark model which has successfully been employed to explain the $N-N$ scattering data and the binding energy of deuteron. The binding behavior of such a six quark system is solved by using a variational method. The trial wave function is chosen to be a combination of a basic spherical symmetric component of $[(0s)^6]_{orb}$ in the orbital space with $0\hbarω$ excitation and an inner structural deformation component of $[(0s)^5(1s)]_{orb}$ and $[(0s)^4(0p)^2]_{orb}$ in the orbital space with $2\hbarω$ excitation, both of which are in the spatial [6] symmetry. It is shown that the mass of the system is about $2356$ MeV, which is qualitative consistent with the result both from the two-cluster configuration calculation and from the data measured by the WASA Collaborations. This result tells us that as long as the medium-range interaction due to the chiral symmetry consideration is properly introduced, the mass of system will be reduced in a rather large extent. It also implies that the observed $d^*$ is a six-quark bound state with respect to the $ΔΔ$ threshold, which again supports the conclusion that $d^*$ is a hexaquark dominant state.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures.
Highly-sensitive superconducting circuits at ~700 kHz with tunable quality factors for image-current detection of single trapped antiprotons
Creators: name: Nagahama, H.
name: Schneider, G.
name: Mooser, A.
name: Smorra, C.
name: Sellner, S.
name: Harrington, J.
name: Higuchi, T.
name: Borchert, M.
name: Tanaka, T.
name: Besirli, M.
name: Blaum, K.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Ospelkaus, C.
name: Quint, W.
name: Walz, J.
name: Yamazaki, Y.
name: Ulmer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed highly-sensitive image-current detection systems based on superconducting toroidal coils and ultra-low noise amplifiers for non-destructive measurements of the axial frequencies (550$\sim$800$\,$kHz) of single antiprotons stored in a cryogenic multi-Penning-trap system. The unloaded superconducting tuned circuits show quality factors of up to 500$\,$000, which corresponds to a factor of 10 improvement compared to our previously used solenoidal designs. Connected to ultra-low noise amplifiers and the trap system, signal-to-noise-ratios of 30$\,$dB at quality factors of > 20$\,$000 are achieved. In addition, we have developed a superconducting switch which allows continuous tuning of the detector's quality factor, and to sensitively tune the particle-detector interaction. This allowed us to improve frequency resolution at constant averaging time, which is crucial for single antiproton spin-transition spectroscopy experiments, as well as improved measurements of the proton-to-antiproton charge-to-mass ratio.
description: 87 (2016) 113305
Ocean-Surface Wave Measurements Using Scintillation Theories on Seaborne Software-Defined GPS and SBAS Reflectometry Observations
Creators: name: Tsai, Lung-Chih
name: Chien, Hwa
name: Su, Shin-Yi
name: Liu, Chao-Han
name: Schuh, Harald
name: Alizadeh, Mohamad Mahdi
name: Wickert, Jens
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: GPS/GNSS reflectometry
subject: ocean-surface wave measurement
subject: radio scintillation
subject: software-defined GPS receiver

description: In this study, a low-cost, software-defined Global Positioning System (GPS) and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) Reflectometry (GPS&SBAS-R) system has been built and proposed to measure ocean-surface wave parameters on board the research vessel New Ocean Researcher 1 (R/V NOR-1) of Taiwan. A power-law, ocean-wave spectrum model has been used and applied with the Small Perturbation Method approach to solve the electromagnetic wave scattering problem from rough ocean surface, and compared with experimental seaborne GPS&SBAS-R observations. Meanwhile, the intensity scintillations of high-sampling GPS&SBAS-R signal acquisition data are thought to be caused by the moving of rough surfaces of the targeted ocean. We found that each derived scintillation power spectrum is a Fresnel-filtering result on ocean-surface elevation fluctuations and depends on the First Fresnel Zone (FFZ) distance and the ocean-surface wave velocity. The determined ocean-surface wave speeds have been compared and validated against nearby buoy measurements.
Quantum corpuscular corrections to the Newtonian potential
Creators: name: Casadio, Roberto
name: Giugno, Andrea
name: Giusti, Andrea
name: Lenzi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an effective quantum description of the static gravitational potential for spherically symmetric systems up to the first post-Newtonian order. We start by obtaining a Lagrangian for the gravitational potential coupled to a static matter source from the weak field expansion of the Einstein-Hilbert action. By analysing a few classical solutions of the resulting field equation, we show that our construction leads to the expected post-Newtonian expressions. Next, we show that one can reproduce the classical Newtonian results very accurately by employing a coherent quantum state and modifications to include the first post-Newtonian corrections are considered. Our findings establish a connection between the corpuscular model of black holes and post-Newtonian gravity, and set the stage for further investigations of these quantum models.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures. Typos corrected, references and clarifications added
The Sizes and Depletions of the Dust and Gas Cavities in the Transitional Disk J160421.7-213028
Creators: name: Dong, Ruobing
name: van der Marel, Nienke
name: Hashimoto, Jun
name: Chiang, Eugene
name: Akiyama, Eiji
name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: Muto, Takayuki
name: Knapp, Gillian R.
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Brown, Joanna
name: Bruderer, Simon
name: Koyamatsu, Shin
name: Kudo, Tomoyuki
name: Ohashi, Nagayoshi
name: Rich, Evan
name: Satoshi, Mayama
name: Takami, Michihiro
name: Wisniewski, John
name: Yang, Yi
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
name: Tamura, Motohide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ALMA Cycle 2 observations of 230 GHz (1.3 mm) dust continuum emission, and $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O J = 2-1 line emission, from the Upper Scorpius transitional disk [PZ99] J160421.7-213028, with an angular resolution of ~0".25 (35 AU). Armed with these data and existing H-band scattered light observations, we measure the size and depth of the disk's central cavity, and the sharpness of its outer edge, in three components: sub-$μ$m-sized "small" dust traced by scattered light, millimeter-sized "big" dust traced by the millimeter continuum, and gas traced by line emission. Both dust populations feature a cavity of radius $\sim$70 AU that is depleted by factors of at least 1000 relative to the dust density just outside. The millimeter continuum data are well explained by a cavity with a sharp edge. Scattered light observations can be fitted with a cavity in small dust that has either a sharp edge at 60 AU, or an edge that transitions smoothly over an annular width of 10 AU near 60 AU. In gas, the data are consistent with a cavity that is smaller, about 15 AU in radius, and whose surface density at 15 AU is $10^{3\pm1}$ times smaller than the surface density at 70 AU; the gas density grades smoothly between these two radii. The CO isotopologue observations rule out a sharp drop in gas surface density at 30 AU or a double-drop model as found by previous modeling. Future observations are needed to assess the nature of these gas and dust cavities, e.g., whether they are opened by multiple as-yet-unseen planets or photoevaporation.
description: 34 pages (single column), 13 figures, ApJ in press
Maternity Survey, 2017
National Health Service Patient Survey Programme, 2003-
NHS Patient Survey Programme
Creators: name: Care Quality Commission
name: Picker Institute Europe
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2018

description:
The National Patient Survey Programme is one of the largest patient survey programmes in the world. It provides an opportunity to monitor experiences of health and provides data to assist with registration of trusts and monitoring on-going compliance. Understanding what people think about the care and treatment they receive is crucial to improving the quality of care being delivered by healthcare organisations. One way of doing this is by asking people who have recently used the health service to tell the Care Quality Commission (CQC) about their experiences.

The CQC will use the results from the surveys in the regulation, monitoring and inspection of NHS acute trusts (or, for community mental health service user surveys, providers of mental health services) in England. Data are used in CQC Insight, an intelligence tool which identifies potential changes in quality of care and then supports deciding on the right regulatory response. Survey data will also be used to support CQC inspections.

 Each survey has a different focus. These include patients' experiences in outpatient and accident and emergency departments in Acute Trusts, and the experiences of people using mental health services in the community.

 History of the programme

 The National Patient Survey Programme began in 2002, and was then conducted by the Commission for Health Improvement (CHI), along with the Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection (CHAI). Administration of the programme was taken over by the Healthcare Commission in time for the 2004 series. On 1 April 2009, the CQC was formed, which replaced the Healthcare Commission.

 Further information about the National Patient Survey Programme may be found on the CQC Patient Survey Programme web pages.

The Maternity Survey, 2017 looked at all three stages of the maternity pathway and covered care provided before birth (antenatal), during labour and birth, and in the first few weeks after birth (postnatal). The survey involved 130 NHS trusts in England and questionnaires were sent to 50,008 women. Responses were received from 18,426 women, an adjusted response rate of 37.4 per cent. 

Further information and documentation can be found on the NHS Surveys Maternity Survey 2017 web pages.
Threshold-activated transport stabilizes chaotic populations to steady states
Creators: name: Meena, Chandrakala
name: Rungta, Pranay Deep
name: Sinha, Sudeshna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore Random Scale-Free networks of populations, modelled by chaotic Ricker maps, connected by transport that is triggered when population density in a patch is in excess of a critical threshold level. Our central result is that threshold-activated dispersal leads to stable fixed populations, for a wide range of threshold levels. Further, suppression of chaos is facilitated when the threshold-activated migration is more rapid than the intrinsic population dynamics of a patch. Additionally, networks with large number of nodes open to the environment, readily yield stable steady states. Lastly we demonstrate that in networks with very few open nodes, the degree and betweeness centrality of the node open to the environment has a pronounced influence on control. All qualitative trends are corroborated by quantitative measures, reflecting the efficiency of control, and the width of the steady state window.
title: The neural dynamics of reward processing during sealed-bid second-price auctions
Creators: name: Newton-Fenner, Alice
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: During economic decision-making, choice alternatives are evaluated and compared, and the option yielding the greatest expected value is selected. Appraising the resulting decision outcomes, and comparing expected rewards to received rewards, are essential for the updating of subjective values and the adaption of subsequent decision-making behaviours. This thesis synthesised neuroeconomic fMRI research of economic valuation, and examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of value processing in the brain, during incentivised demandrevealing auction environments. Brain processes related to subjective valuation and reward processing were investigated using the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) task, a second-price sealed-bid auction common in fMRI research, and the strategically equivalent Vickrey auction (VA), a socially competitive paradigm popular with online retailers. Three experimental chapters combine a meta-analysis of fMRI studies with two primary EEG studies to exploit the methodologies’ respective high spatial and temporal resolutions. A systematic review and activation likelihood meta-analysis was conducted on fMRI studies implementing the BDM task to measure subjective value. Subsequently, EEG recordings and event-related potential (ERP) analysis were used to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying reward processing of decision outcomes. Findings offer succinct empirical support for the ventral striatum and ventral medial prefrontal cortex as the core structures responsible for automatic formation of economic value, separate from the hedonic aspects of reward. The meta-analysis also provided evidence of the selective involvement of inhibition-related brain structures during active economic valuation. Further, reward-related ERPs were selectively elicited during the auction outcome period for both tasks. A feedback-related negativity was elicited in both auctions, and differentiated between more and less relatively advantageous win outcomes. The P300 component showed 12 distinct sensitivities to outcome salience, social context, and value, as defined by market price and subjective willingness-to-pay. The current thesis demonstrated the neural representation of economic valuation and reward processing in incentive-compatible contexts, recorded by means of EEG and fMRI. A subset of the core brain valuation network showed a domain general and automatic increase in BOLD activation in line with willingness-to-pay values. Further, multiple distinct ERPs differentially encoded bid outcomes during the two auction tasks, with distinct cortical responses to valence, motivational significance and social context of auction outcomes.
Singularity development and supersymmetry in holography
Creators: name: Buchel, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of supersymmetry on singularity development scenario in holography presented in \cite{Bosch:2017ccw} (BBL). We argue that the singularity persists in a supersymmetric extension of the BBL model. The challenge remains to find a string theory embedding of the singularity mechanism.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures
Massive Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter and their detection with Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: García-Bellido, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive Primordial Black Holes (MPBH) can be formed after inflation due to broad peaks in the primordial curvature power spectrum that collapse gravitationally during the radiation era, to form clusters of black holes that merge and increase in mass after recombination, generating today a broad mass-spectrum of black holes with masses ranging from 0.01 to $10^5~M_\odot$. These MPBH could act as seeds for galaxies and quick-start structure formation, initiating reionization, forming galaxies at redshift $z>10$ and clusters at $z>1$. They may also be the seeds on which SMBH and IMBH form, by accreting gas onto them and forming the centers of galaxies and quasars at high redshift. They form at rest with zero spin and have negligible cross-section with ordinary matter. If there are enough of these MPBH, they could constitute the bulk of the Dark Matter today. Such PBH could be responsible for the observed fluctuations in the CIB and X-ray backgrounds. MPBH could be directly detected by the gravitational waves emitted when they merge to form more massive black holes, as recently reported by LIGO. Their continuous merging since recombination could have generated a stochastic background of gravitational waves that could eventually be detected by LISA and PTA. MPBH may actually be responsible for the unidentified point sources seen by Fermi, Magic and Chandra. Furthermore, the ejection of stars from shallow potential wells like those of Dwarf Spheroidals (DSph), via the gravitational slingshot effect, could be due to MPBH, thus alleviating the substructure and too-big-to-fail problems of standard collisionless CDM. Their mass distribution peaks at a few tens of $M_\odot$ today, and could be detected also with long-duration microlensing events, as well as by the anomalous motion of stars in GAIA. Their presence as CDM in the Universe could be seen in the time-dilation of lensed images of quasars.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of 11th LISA Symposium, Zurich (2016)
title: Reducing bottom trawl seabed impacts and bycatch in the Eastern Canada offshore Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery
Creators: name: Araya-Schmidt, Tomas
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2022

description: The offshore Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery in Eastern Canada is currently harvested by factory freezer vessels using bottom trawls. This fishery is a major contributor to the regions’ economy. However bottom trawling typically is associated with negative benthic impacts and bycatch. To address seabed impact, this thesis evaluated the at-sea performance of a traditional roller footgear using underwater cameras. Results showed that footgear sections were rotating at extremely low rates and offered essential information to further develop an innovative footgear with reduced seabed impact. Secondly, an innovative aligned-rolling footgear was designed and evaluated for use in the fishery. I compared traditional and experimental footgears using engineering models and simulated seabeds in a flume tank. Results revealed that the aligned-rolling footgear bottom trawl produced significantly lower warp loads and reduced seabed contact up to 71.5% depending upon seabed penetration depth modelled. Next, I addressed the issue of a recent increase of juvenile redfish (Sebastes spp.) bycatch in the shrimp fishery. This study investigated the effectiveness of 17 and 15 mm bar spacing Nordmøre grids in a twin-trawl configuration against the traditional 22 mm bar spacing grid. Results showed that smaller bar spacing grids resulted in no significant reduction in shrimp catch across all length classes. Conversely, catch of juvenile redfish was significantly reduced with the smaller bar spacing grids. However, the overlap in body/carapace width between redfish and Northern shrimp limits the overall sorting efficiency of the grids, leaving some juvenile redfish still vulnerable to capture. Finally, I investigated the behaviour of juvenile redfish in response to Nordmøre grids. Behaviours were analyzed for 22 mm and 19 mm bar spacing grids. Reducing bar spacing to 19 mm slightly reduced the number of redfish retained (1.83% reduction) and behaviours exhibited by redfish were similar for both grids. The most common behaviours that led to escapement were redfish that approached upwards, had no contact with the grid, and swam upwards to finally escape through the grid opening. This thesis provides important advancement toward the development of bottom trawls with reduced environmental impacts and contributes to the sustainable development of the fishery.
Quantum models with energy-dependent potentials solvable in terms of exceptional orthogonal polynomials
Creators: name: Schulze-Halberg, Axel
name: Roy, Pinaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct energy-dependent potentials for which the Schroedinger equations admit solu- tions in terms of exceptional orthogonal polynomials. Our method of construction is based on certain point transformations, applied to the equations of exceptional Hermite, Jacobi and Laguerre polynomials. We present several examples of boundary-value problems with energy-dependent potentials that admit a discrete spectrum and the corresponding normalizable solutions in closed form.
description: 21 pages,9 figures
Supplementary Information for Inheritance and Inequality among Nomads of South Siberia from Inheritance and inequality among nomads of South Siberia
Creators: name: Hooper, Paul L.
name: Reynolds, Adam Z.
name: Jamsranjav, Bayarsaikhan
name: Clark, Julia K.
name: Ziker, John P.
name: Crabtree, Stefani A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Tables SI1, SI2 and SI3
Adaptive scattered data fitting by extension of local approximations to hierarchical splines
Creators: name: Bracco, Cesare
name: Giannelli, Carlotta
name: Sestini, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce an adaptive scattered data fitting scheme as extension of local least squares approximations to hierarchical spline spaces. To efficiently deal with non-trivial data configurations, the local solutions are described in terms of (variable degree) polynomial approximations according not only to the number of data points locally available, but also to the smallest singular value of the local collocation matrices. These local approximations are subsequently combined without the need of additional computations with the construction of hierarchical quasi-interpolants described in terms of truncated hierarchical B-splines. A selection of numerical experiments shows the effectivity of our approach for the approximation of real scattered data sets describing different terrain configurations.
Accurate sub-millimetre rest-frequencies for HOCO$^+$ and DOCO$^+$ ions
Creators: name: Bizzocchi, Luca
name: Lattanzi, Valerio
name: Laas, Jacob
name: Spezzano, Silvia
name: Giuliano, Barbara Michela
name: Prudenzano, Domenico
name: Endres, Christian
name: Sipilä, Olli
name: Caselli, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HOCO$^+$ is a polar molecule that represents a useful proxy for its parent molecule CO$_2$, which is not directly observable in the cold interstellar medium. This cation has been detected towards several lines of sight, including massive star forming regions, protostars, and cold cores. Despite the obvious astrochemical relevance, protonated CO$_2$ and its deuterated variant, DOCO$^+$, still lack an accurate spectroscopic characterisation. The aim of this work is to extend the study of the ground-state pure rotational spectra of HOCO$^+$ and DOCO$^+$ well into the sub-millimetre region. Ground-state transitions have been recorded in the laboratory using a frequency-modulation absorption spectrometer equipped with a free-space glow-discharge cell. The ions were produced in a low-density, magnetically-confined plasma generated in a suitable gas mixture. The ground-state spectra of HOCO$^+$ and DOCO$^+$ have been investigated in the 213-967 GHz frequency range, with the detection of 94 new rotational transitions. Additionally, 46 line positions taken from the literature have been accurately remeasured. The newly-measured lines have significantly enlarged the available data sets for HOCO$^+$ and DOCO$^+$, thus enabling the determination of highly accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion parameters. Our analysis showed that all HOCO$^+$ lines with Ka $\geq$ 3 are perturbed by a ro-vibrational interaction that couples the ground state with the v$_ 5$ = 1 vibrationally-excited state. This resonance has been explicitly treated in the analysis in order to obtain molecular constants with clear physical meaning. The improved sets of spectroscopic parameters provide enhanced lists of very accurate, sub-millimetre rest-frequencies of HOCO$^+$ and DOCO$^+$ for astrophysical applications. These new data challenges a recent tentative identification of DOCO$^+$ toward a pre-stellar core.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in A&A
Detecting dynamical changes in time series by using the Jensen Shannon Divergence
Creators: name: Mateos, D. M.
name: Riveaud, L.
name: Lamberti, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of the time series in nature are a mixture of signals with deterministic and random dynamics. Thus the distinction between these two characteristics becomes important. Distinguishing between chaotic and aleatory signals is difficult because they have a common wide-band power spectrum, a delta-like autocorrelation function, and share other features as well. In general signals are presented as continuous records and require to be discretized for being analyzed. In this work we present different schemes for discretizing and for detection of dynamical changes in time series. One of the main motivations is to detect transition from chaotic regime to random regime. The tools used are originated in Information Theory. The schemes proposed are applied to simulated and real life signals, showing in all cases a high proficiency for detecting changes in the dynamics of the associated time series.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Accelerated Hierarchical Density Clustering
Creators: name: McInnes, Leland
name: Healy, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an accelerated algorithm for hierarchical density based clustering. Our new algorithm improves upon HDBSCAN*, which itself provided a significant qualitative improvement over the popular DBSCAN algorithm. The accelerated HDBSCAN* algorithm provides comparable performance to DBSCAN, while supporting variable density clusters, and eliminating the need for the difficult to tune distance scale parameter. This makes accelerated HDBSCAN* the default choice for density based clustering. Library available at: https://github.com/scikit-learn-contrib/hdbscan
International Energy Agency World Energy Prices, 1970-2021
IEA World Energy Prices
Creators: name: International Energy Agency
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2021

description:
The International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Prices database includes annual energy prices data for gasoline, automotive diesel, electricity and other products.

Energy prices are a significant part of our domestic expenditures, play an important role for industrial competitiveness and influence energy consumption patterns. End-use prices-paid by final consumers- are affected by movements in commodity markets as well as policy decisions. As countries move away from regulated pricing, monitoring energy end-use prices around the world has become increasingly important for analysts and policy makers. World Energy Prices aims to serve this purpose by being the most reliable database that uses official sources with transparent and documented methodologies for each country.
The Legendre Transform in Non-additive Thermodynamics and Complexity
Creators: name: Kalogeropoulos, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an argument which purports to show that the use of the standard Legendre transform in non-additive Statistical Mechanics is not appropriate. For concreteness, we use as paradigm, the case of systems which are conjecturally described by the (non-additive) Tsallis entropy. We point out the form of the modified Legendre transform that should be used, instead, in the non-additive thermodynamics induced by the Tsallis entropy. We comment on more general implications of this proposal for the thermodynamics of "complex systems".
description: 23 pages. LaTeX2e. No figures
Hadron-Hadron Interactions from $N_f=2+1+1$ Lattice QCD: isospin-1 $KK$ scattering length
Creators: name: Helmes, Christopher
name: Jost, Christian
name: Knippschild, Bastian
name: Kostrzewa, Bartosz
name: Liu, Liuming
name: Urbach, Carsten
name: Werner, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for the interaction of two kaons at maximal isospin. The calculation is based on $N_f=2+1+1$ flavour gauge configurations generated by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with pion masses ranging from about $230$ to $450\,\textrm{MeV}$ at three values of the lattice spacing. The elastic scattering length $a_0^{I=1}$ is calculated at several values of the bare strange and light quark masses. We find $M_K a_0 = -0.385(16)_{\textrm{stat}} (^{+0}_{-12})_{m_s}(^{+0}_{-5})_{Z_P}(4)_{r_f}$ as the result of a combined extrapolation to the continuum and to the physical point, where the first error is statistical, and the three following are systematical. This translates to $a_0 = -0.154(6)_{\textrm{stat}}(^{+0}_{-5})_{m_s} (^{+0}_{-2})_{Z_P}(2)_{r_f}\,\textrm{fm}$.
description: 28 pages, 18 tables, 14 figures
Evaluation of Charged Particle Evaporation Expressions in Ultracold Plasmas
Creators: name: Witte, Craig
name: Roberts, Jacob L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron evaporation plays an important role in the electron temperature evolution and thus expansion rate in low-density ultracold plasmas. In addition, evaporation is useful as a potential tool for obtaining colder electron temperatures and characterizing plasma parameters. Evaporation theory has been developed for atomic gases and has been applied to a one-component plasma system. We numerically investigate whether such an adapted theory is applicable to ultracold neutral plasmas. We find that it is not due to the violation of fundamental assumptions of the model. The details of our calculations are presented as well as a discussion of the implications for a simple description of the electron evaporation rate in ultracold plasmas.
Solvent fluctuations around solvophobic, solvophilic and patchy nanostructures and the accompanying solvent mediated interactions
Creators: name: Chacko, Blesson
name: Evans, Robert
name: Archer, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using classical density functional theory (DFT) we calculate the density profile $ρ({\mathbf r})$ and local compressibility $χ({\mathbf r})$ of a simple liquid solvent in which a pair of blocks with (microscopic) rectangular cross-section are immersed. We consider blocks that are solvophobic, solvophilic and also ones that have both solvophobic and solvophilic patches. Large values of $χ({\mathbf r})$ correspond to regions in space where the liquid density is fluctuating most strongly. We seek to elucidate how enhanced density fluctuations correlate with the solvent mediated force between the blocks, as the distance between the blocks and the chemical potential of the liquid reservoir vary. For sufficiently solvophobic blocks, at small block separations and small deviations from bulk gas-liquid coexistence, we observe a strongly attractive (near constant) force, stemming from capillary evaporation to form a low density gas-like intrusion between the blocks. The accompanying $χ({\mathbf r})$ exhibits structure which reflects the incipient gas-liquid interfaces that develop. We argue that our model system provides a means to understanding the basic physics of solvent mediated interactions between nanostructures, and between objects such as proteins in water, that possess hydrophobic and hydrophilic patches.
description: 19 pages, 21 figures
Apprenticeship Disputes in the Lord Mayor’s Court of London 1573-1723
Creators: name: Scott, M.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2019

description: The data extracts the principal information from the surviving papers in the archive of the Lord Mayor’s Court. This includes the names of apprentices (their parents, geographical origins), masters (their company and trade), the reasons for the dispute and the result of the case. Many cases include the residential address of apprentice or master.
Influence of the neostriatal patch system on the prediction-based coding of midbrain dopaminergic neurons
Creators: name: Faust, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2017

description: Dopaminergic neurons of the ventral midbrain signal deviations from expected values, and have profound effects on motivated behavior. It has been hypothesized that these neurons produce these signals by integrating prediction and outcome information from distinct afferent structures, and update representations of prediction by dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity. I therefore attempted to characterize the coding properties of one of their primary source of synaptic inhibition, the patches of the dorsal striatum, in an attempt to determine whether it could serve to provide prediction information to the dopaminergic neurons. The coding differences between the patch and matrix subpopulations of the dorsal striatum have thus far remained unknown, but due to the recent availability of new transgenic mouse lines targeting these neuronal populations, they can now be investigated. Based on their unique monosynaptic innervation of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, receipt of dopaminergic innervation from the substantia nigra, and dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity, I therefore hypothesized that the neurons of the dorsal striatal patches provide the prediction signal by which dopaminergic neurons report deviations in expected value. I used in vitro whole cell recording and optogenetics to determine the synaptic physiology of projections from the patches to dopaminergic neurons, and used in vivo multielectrode recording and optogenetics to characterize the coding properties of striatal patch and matrix neurons. The patches of the dorsal striatum were observed to provide biophysically distinct fast and slow inhibition to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, and dorsal striatal patch neurons were observed to encode signals which conform to the notion of a prediction signal. Therefore these results support the hypothesis that dopaminergic neurons encode deviations from predicted outcomes, and that the dorsal striatal patches provide a prediction signal necessary for this type of coding.
A Lee-Yang--inspired functional with a density--dependent neutron-neutron scattering length
Creators: name: Grasso, M.
name: Lacroix, D.
name: Yang, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the low--density Lee-Yang expansion for the energy of a dilute Fermi gas of density $ρ$ and momentum $k_F$, we introduce here a Skyrme--type functional that contains only $s$-wave terms and provides, at the mean--field level, (i) a satisfactory equation of state for neutron matter from extremely low densities up to densities close to the equilibrium point, and (ii) a good--quality equation of state for symmetric matter at density scales around the saturation point. This is achieved by using a density--dependent neutron-neutron scattering length $a(ρ$) which satisfies the low--density limit (for Fermi momenta going to zero) and has a density dependence tuned in such a way that the low--density constraint $|a(ρ) k_F| \le 1$ is satisfied at all density scales.
description: 5 figures
Welfare State Futures: Our Children's Europe, 2015
WelfSOC
Creators: name: Taylor-Gooby, P.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2020

description:
The WelfSOC project examines the aspirations, assumptions and priorities that govern the ideas of ordinary people about the future development of welfare in Europe.

Much current research is essentially backward-looking. Projections of how welfare states will develop are based largely on analysis of relevant factors such as population ageing, pension and health care costs, changing demands for labour, immigration rates, future spending on human services, global economic developments or the costs of reducing carbon emissions. This approach assumes that the future will follow the patterns of the past.

WelfSOC is attitudinal and forward-looking. It examines aspirations for the future, the assumptions underlying current patterns of attitudes, the strength with which positions are held, the arguments used to support them and the emerging cleavages and solidarities between different groups. These factors will be key drivers in the unfolding of the politics of welfare and in shaping the way in which welfare states respond to current policy development and to future pressures.

WelfSOC addresses the following three questions:

RQ1: What are the aspirations of ordinary citizens when they look to the future of state welfare in their children’s Europe, what are their priorities and how strongly are they held? How are preferences justified?

RQ2: What assumptions and values underlie the pattern of aspirations? How do people understand the factors driving change? How do fiscal and other constraints enter into people’s views on the welfare state?

RQ3: How does the changing social, political and economic context of welfare policy interact with people’s expectations and attitudes? What cleavages and solidarities are emerging?