Callicebus dubius Hershkovitz 1988
Creators: name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Anthony B. Rylands
name: Don E. Wilson
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Pitheciidae
Callicebus
Callicebus dubius

description: 10.
Doubtful Titi
Callicebus dubius
French: Titi de Hershkovitz / German: Hershkovitz-Springaffe / Spanish: Titi de Hershkovitz
Other common names: Doubtful Titi Monkey, Dubious Titi, Hershkovitz's Titi, Hershkovitz's Titi Monkey
Taxonomy. Callicebus dubius Hershkovitz, 1988,
Lago do Aiapua [= Ayapua], modified by Hershkovitz in 1990 as more likely “the east bank of the lower Rio Purus probably opposite Lago do Aiapua.”
In their 2002 review of the genus, M. van Roosmalen and coworkers argued that C. dubius does not occur along the Rio Purus in the vicinity of the Lago do Aiapua, but only between the rios Madeira and Purus south of either the Rio Ituxi or the Rio Mucuim (right bank tributaries of the Purus). This being true would invalidate the type locality proposed by Hershkovitz. C. cupreusand C. purinus occur on the west (left) bank of the Rio Purus, and it is unlikely there would be a third titi occurring there. In 2001, C. P. Groves considered C. dubius to be a synonym of C. cupreus, but in 2005 he listed it as a full species, agreeing with the 1990 revision by P. Hershkovitz. C. dubiusis a member of the C. cupreus species group. Its distribution may contact or intergrade with that of C. stephennashi in the vicinity of the Rio Mucuim. Monotypic.
Distribution. W Brazilian Amazon, between upper rios Purus, Ituxi, and Mucuim (the latter two rivers are right bank tributaries of the Purus) in the N, and the Madeira-Abuna river system to the S, in the states of Amazonas, Acre, and Rondonia; this species occurs as far S as the Rio Abuna, but the limits ofits distribution to the S and W are not known.
Descriptive notes. Head—body 37 cm (males) and 37-40 cm (females), tail 47 cm (males) and 39-44 cm (females); weight ¢.800 g as in other titis in the cupreus group. Male and female Doubtful Titis are indistinguishable in size or coloration. Their bodies, crowns, and proximal one-third of their tail are brownish-agouti. Distal two-thirds of tail is blackish, with contrasting white penciling. Sideburns and beards are deep reddish. Underparts and inner surfaces of limbs are reddish to reddish-brown. Outer surfaces of forearms and lower legs are reddish. Hands and feet are blackish-agouti, but digits are contrasting pale buffy or white. Forehead has a buffy or whitish frontal blaze, bordered below by a narrow blackish line connecting ears.
Habitat. Lowland Amazon rainforest at elevations of 100-400 m.
Food and Feeding. There is no information available for this species.
Breeding. There is no specific information available for this species, but all titis form monogamous breeding pairs. The male provides parental care by carrying the single offspring.
Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. Groups of up to four Doubtful Titis have been observed at two sites in Rondonia, indicating that the social organization is typical of the titis in general, with groups composed of a breeding pair and their immature offspring.
Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Doubtful Titi is endemic to a relatively remote region of the Amazon Basin and is under no immediate threat.
Bibliography. Ferrari et al. (2000), Hershkovitz (1988, 1990), Rohe & Silva (2009), Rowe & Martinez (2003), Norconk (2011), Veiga (2008d).
description: Published as part of Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson, 2013, Phitheciidae, pp. 432-483 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 462, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6632289