cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven H-infinity Control with a Real-Time and Efficient Reinforcement Learning Algorithm: An Application to Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems
Creators: name: Aalipour, Ali
name: Khani, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement learning (RL) is a class of artificial intelligence algorithms being used to design adaptive optimal controllers through online learning. This paper presents a model-free, real-time, data-efficient Q-learning-based algorithm to solve the H$_{\infty}$ control of linear discrete-time systems. The computational complexity is shown to reduce from $\mathcal{O}(\underline{q}^3)$ in the literature to $\mathcal{O}(\underline{q}^2)$ in the proposed algorithm, where $\underline{q}$ is quadratic in the sum of the size of state variables, control inputs, and disturbance. An adaptive optimal controller is designed and the parameters of the action and critic networks are learned online without the knowledge of the system dynamics, making the proposed algorithm completely model-free. Also, a sufficient probing noise is only needed in the first iteration and does not affect the proposed algorithm. With no need for an initial stabilizing policy, the algorithm converges to the closed-form solution obtained by solving the Riccati equation. A simulation study is performed by applying the proposed algorithm to real-time control of an autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) system for a real-world case study to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Predictors of Long-Term Victimization After Early Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Creators: name: Stancin, Terry
name: Cassedy, Amy
name: Wade, Shari L.
name: Schultz, Hanna M.
name: Taylor, Hudson Gerry
name: Yeates, Keith Owen
name: Hung, Anna H.
name: Walz, Nicolay Chertkoff
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) adversely affect long-term functional and social outcomes. Limited research suggests children with TBI are more likely to be victimized by peers than noninjured children. Deficits in social information processing (SIP), cognitive ability, and executive functioning (EF) may contribute to increased victimization risk. This study examined rates of peer victimization/bullying in children with early TBI compared with children with orthopedic injuries (OIs) and the role of processing speed, executive function (EF), and SIP as mediators of the association of TBI and peer victimization.
A stochastic nonlinear model of the dynamics of actively Q-switched lasers
Creators: name: Tarra, Lukas
name: Deutschmann-Olek, Andreas
name: Stummer, Vinzenz
name: Flöry, Tobias
name: Baltuska, Andrius
name: Kugi, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a novel stochastic and spatially lumped multi-mode model to describe the nonlinear dynamics of actively Q-switched lasers and random perturbations due to amplified spontaneous emission. This model will serve as a basis for the design of (nonlinear) control and estimation strategies and thus a high value is set on its computational efficiency. Therefore, a common traveling-wave model is chosen as a starting point and a number of model-order reduction steps are performed. As a result, a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the dynamic behavior of the laser during a switching cycle is obtained. A semi-analytic solution of these differential equations yields expressions for the population inversion after a switching cycle and for the output energy, which are then used to formulate a nonlinear discrete-time model for the pulse-to-pulse dynamics. Simulation studies including models with different levels of complexity and first experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Kink correlations, domain size distribution, and the emptiness formation probability after the Kibble-Zurek quench in the quantum Ising chain
Creators: name: Dziarmaga, Jacek
name: Rams, Marek M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear quench of the transverse field drives the quantum Ising chain across a quantum critical point from the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic phase. We focus on normal and anomalous quadratic correlators between fermionic kink creation and annihilation operators. They depend not only on the Kibble-Zurek (KZ) correlation length but also on a dephasing length scale, which differs from the KZ length by a logarithmic correction. Additional slowing down of the ramp in the ferromagnetic phase further increases the dephasing length and suppresses the anomalous correlator. The quadratic correlators enter Pfaffians that yield experimentally relevant kink correlation functions, the probability distribution of ferromagnetic domain sizes, and, closely related, emptiness formation probability. The latter takes the form of a Pfaffian of a block Toeplitz matrix that allows for some analytic asymptotes. Finally, we obtain further insight into the structure of the state at the end of the ramp by interpreting it as a paired state of fermionic kinks characterized by its pair wave function. All those quantities are sensitive to quantum coherence between eigenstates with different numbers of kinks, thus making them a convenient probe of the quantumness of a quantum simulator platform.
description: 14 pages; minor improvements in presentation; to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Associations between long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular lipid risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes: SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study
Creators: name: Couch, Sarah C.
name: King, Irena
name: Tooze, Janet
name: Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth
name: Peairs, Abigail
name: Crume, Tessa
name: Dolan, Lawrence M.
name: Crandell, Jamie
name: Shah, Amy S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In this longitudinal study we explored the relationships between plasma n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and Δ5 and Δ6 desaturase activities (D5D and D6D, respectively) and fasting lipids in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Growing up the South Eastern European Journal of Public Health
Creators: name: Burazeri, Genc
name: Laaser, Ulrich
name: Martin-Moreno, Jose M.
name: Schröder-Bäck, Peter
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2016

description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume V, 2016
Information-theoretic Bounds on Matrix Completion under Union of Subspaces Model
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Vaneet
name: Aeron, Shuchin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this short note we extend some of the recent results on matrix completion under the assumption that the columns of the matrix can be grouped (clustered) into subspaces (not necessarily disjoint or independent). This model deviates from the typical assumption prevalent in the literature dealing with compression and recovery for big-data applications. The results have a direct bearing on the problem of subspace clustering under missing or incomplete information.
Anomalous ballistic scaling in the tensionless or inviscid Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Fernandez, Enrique
name: Santalla, Silvia N.
name: Castro, Mario
name: Cuerno, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is becoming an overarching paradigm for the scaling of nonequilibrium, spatially extended, classical and quantum systems with strong correlations. Recent analytical solutions have uncovered a rich structure regarding its scaling exponents and fluctuation statistics. However, the zero surface tension or zero viscosity case eludes such analytical solutions and has remained ill-understood. Using numerical simulations, we elucidate a well-defined universality class for this case that differs from that of the viscous case, featuring intrinsically anomalous kinetic roughening, despite previous expectations for systems with local interactions and time-dependent noise and ballistic dynamics. The latter may be relevant to recent quantum spin chain experiments which measure KPZ and ballistic relaxation under different conditions. We identify the ensuing set of scaling exponents in previous discrete interface growth models related with isotropic percolation, and show it to describe the fluctuations of additional continuum systems related with the noisy Korteweg-de Vries equation. Along this process, we additionally elucidate the universality class of the related inviscid stochastic Burgers equation.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, Physical Review E (in press, 2022)
European Venom Network Virtual Networking strategy
Creators: name: Tarallo, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COST
European Cooperation in Science and Technology
Virtual Networking Tools
VNT
Virtual Networking Manager
CA19144
European Venom Network
EUVEN

description: In the second grant Period, the European Venom Network counted with 105 registered members, divided in 5 Working Groups (WGs) and 4 Horizontal Committees (HCs). The number of total participants diminished about 40% from the first Grant Period (170 members). This was most likely due to the enforcement of a new COST Association procedure which required a formal application through the eCOST system to request joining a COST Action WG and officially become an Action member. However, we expect a continued growing of the network, in particular with the addition of International Partner Countries. Moreover, a turnover in the key positions (WG and committees’ leaders and co-leaders) is expected. This document is an updated version of the previous Virtual Networking Strategy and is intended to function as a guide to support virtual activities during the entire lifecycle of the European Venom Network Action. The main objectives are: To facilitate fast and effective communication and collaboration among all the participants, by promoting and implementing the use of managerial and networking tools. To facilitate their active participation through the entire lifetime of the Action. To propose a new set of policies and networking tools in order to comply with the regulations of the European Commission. To assure an effective heritage beyond the Action lifecycle. The updated version of the strategy has been presented and accepted by the Management Committee on 31/10/2022 and it includes all the suggestions and improvements that were received. However, this is a living document and shall be revised and updated yearly.
description: Andrea Tarallo has been supported by a Virtual Networking Support grant from the COST Action CA19144 – European Venom Network.
Retinopathy predicts progression of fasting plasma glucose: An Early Diabetes Intervention Program (EDIP) analysis
Creators: name: Mather, Kieren J
name: Hannon, Tamara S
name: Patel, Yash R.
name: Kirkman, M. Sue
name: Considine, Robert V
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Retinopathy is increasingly recognized in prediabetic populations, and may herald increased risk of metabolic worsening. The Early Diabetes Intervention Program (EDIP) evaluated worsening of glycemia in screen-detected Type 2 diabetes, following participants for up to 5 years. Here we have evaluated whether the presence of retinopathy at the time of detection of diabetes was associated with accelerated progression of glycemia.
General matching across Killing horizons of zero order
Creators: name: Manzano, Miguel
name: Mars, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Null shells are a useful geometric construction to study the propagation of infinitesimally thin concentrations of massless particles or impulsive waves. After recalling the necessary and sufficient conditions obtained in [28] that allow for the matching of two spacetimes with null embedded hypersurfaces as boundaries, we will address the problem of matching across Killing horizons of zero order in the case when the symmetry generators are to be identified. The results are substantially different depending on whether the boundaries are non-degenerate or degenerate, and contain or not fixed points (in particular, in the former case the shells have zero pressure but non-vanishing energy density and energy flux in general). We will present the explicit form of the so-called step function in each situation. We will then concentrate on the case of actual Killing horizons admitting a bifurcation surface, where a complete description of the shell and its energy-momentum tensor can be obtained. We will conclude particularizing to the matching of two spacetimes with spherical, plane or hyperbolic symmetry without imposing this symmetry on the shell itself.
description: 38 pages, 2 figures
European Venom Network Virtual Networking strategy
Creators: name: Tarallo, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COST
European Cooperation in Science and Technology
Virtual Networking Tools
VNT
Virtual Networking Manager
CA19144
European Venom Network
EUVEN

description: Currently, the European Venom Network counts more than 170 participants, divided in 5 Working Groups (WGs) and 4 Horizontal Committees (HCs). In the next years, the network will continue to grow, in particular with the addition of International Partner Countries. Moreover, a turnover in the key positions (WG and committees’ leaders and co-leaders) is expected. This document has been written to function as a reliable Virtual Networking Strategy and to function as a guide to support virtual activities during the entire lifecycle of the European Venom Network Action. The main scopes are: to facilitate fast and effective communication among all the participants, by suggesting and implementing the use of managerial applications and processes to facilitate their active participation through the entire lifetime of the Action to propose a new set of policies and networking tools in order to comply with the European Commission regulation to assure an effective heritage beyond the Action lifecycle. The strategy has been presented and accepted by the Management Committee on the 02/11/2021 and it includes all the suggestions and improvements that were received. However, this is a living document, and shall be revised and updated yearly.
description: Andrea Tarallo has been supported by a Virtual Networking Support grant from the COST Action CA19144 – European Venom Network.
The dynamics of a single trapped ion in a high density media: a stochastic approach
Creators: name: Londoño, Mateo
name: Madroñero, Javier
name: Ríos, Jesús Pérez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Langevin equation, a stochastic formulation is implemented to describe the dynamics of a trapped ion in a bath of ultracold atoms, including an excess of micromotion. The ion dynamics is described following a hybrid analytical-numerical approach in which the ion is treated as a classical impurity in a thermal bath. As a result, the ion energy's time evolution and distribution are derived from studying the sympathetic cooling process. Furthermore, the ion dynamics under different stochastic noise terms is also considered to gain information on the bath properties' role in the system's energy transfer processes. Finally, the results obtained from this formulation are contrasted with those obtained with a more traditional Monte Carlo approach.
Three-dimensional extinction maps: Inverting inter-calibrated extinction catalogues
Creators: name: Vergely, J. L.
name: Lallement, R.
name: Cox, N. L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 3D maps of the extinction density in the Galaxy can be built through the inversion of catalogues of distance-extinction pairs for individual target stars. The spatial resolution of the maps that can be achieved increases with the spatial density of the targets, and subsequently with the combination of catalogues. However, this requires their careful inter-calibration. Our aim is to develop methods of inter-calibration of two different catalogues. We used as reference a spectrophotometric catalogue. A principal component analysis was performed in G,GB,GR,J,H,K multi-colour space for the second catalog. The subspace constituted by the two first components was split into cells in which we estimated deviations from the reference. The deviations were computed using all targets from the reference located at a short spatial distance of each secondary target. Corrections and filtering were deduced for each cell in the multi-colour space. We applied the technique to two different datasets: on the one hand, the spectrophotometric catalogue, and, on the other hand, a catalogue of extinctions based on photometry of Gaia eDR3 and 2MASS. After calibration, the dispersion of the extinction among neighbouring points in the second catalogue is reduced, regardless of whether reference targets are present locally. Weak structures are then more apparent. The extinction of high Galactic latitude targets is more tightly correlated with the dust emission, a property acquired from the first catalogue. A hierarchical inversion technique was applied to the two merged inter-calibrated catalogues to produce 3D extinction density maps corresponding to different volumes and maximum spatial resolution. The maximum resolution is 10pc for a 3000x3000x800pc3 volume around the Sun, and the maximum size of the maps is 10x10x0.8 kpc3 for a resolution of 50pc. Maps can be downloaded or used by means of on-line tools.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Inverse magnetic catalysis from the properties of the QCD coupling in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Ayala, Alejandro
name: Dominguez, C. A.
name: Hernandez, L. A.
name: Loewe, M.
name: Zamora, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the vacuum one-loop quark-gluon vertex correction at zero temperature in the presence of a magnetic field. From the vertex function we extract the effective quark-gluon coupling and show that it grows with increasing magnetic field strength. The effect is due to a subtle competition between the color charge associated to gluons and the color charge associated to quarks, the former being larger than the latter. In contrast, at high temperature the effective thermo-magnetic coupling results exclusively from the contribution of the color charge associated to quarks. This produces a decrease of the coupling with increasing field strength. We interpret the results in terms of a geometrical effect whereby the magnetic field induces, on average, a closer distance between the (electrically charged) quarks and antiquarks. At high temperature, since the effective coupling is proportional only to the color charge associated to quarks, such proximity with increasing field strength makes the effective coupling decrease due to asymptotic freedom. In turn, this leads to a decreasing quark condensate. In contrast, at zero temperature both the effective strong coupling and the quark condensate increase with increasing magnetic field. This is due to the color charge associated to gluons dominating over that associated to quarks, with both having the opposite sign. Thus, the gluons induce a kind of screening of the quark color charge, in spite of the quark-antiquark proximity. The implications of these results for the inverse magnetic catalysis phenomenon are discussed.
description: Expanded discussion, references added. Version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Wavelet spectral timing: X-ray reverberation from a dynamic black hole corona hidden beneath ultrafast outflows
Creators: name: Wilkins, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral timing analyses based upon wavelet transforms provide a new means to study the variability of the X-ray emission from accreting systems, including AGN, stellar mass black holes and neutron stars, and can be used to trace the time variability of X-ray reverberation from the inner accretion disc. The previously-missing iron K reverberation time lags in the AGN IRAS 13224-3809 and MCG-6-30-15 are detected and found to be transitory in nature. Reverberation can be hidden during periods in which variability in the iron K band becomes dominated by ultrafast outflows (UFO). Following the time evolution of the reverberation lag between the corona and inner accretion disc, we may observe the short-timescale increase in scale height of the corona as it is accelerated away from the accretion disc during bright X-ray flares in the AGN I Zw 1. Measuring the variation of the reverberation lag that corresponds to the continuous, stochastic variations of the X-ray luminosity sheds new light on the disc-corona connection around accreting black holes. Hysteresis is observed between the X-ray count rate and the scale height of the corona, and a time lag of 10~40ks is observed between the rise in luminosity and the increase in reverberation lag. This correlation and lag are consistent with viscous propagation through the inner accretion disc, leading first to an increase in the flux of seed photons that are Comptonised by the corona, before mass accretion rate fluctuations reach the inner disc and are able to modulate the structure of the corona.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Moldova and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: The importance of health system governance
Creators: name: Thomas-Reilly, R. Gregory
name: Tozija, Fimka
name: Soltan, Viorel
name: Nikovska, Dance G
name: Crudu, Valeriu
name: Atun, Rifat
name: McKee, Martin
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2016

description: Aim: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) arises where treatment is interrupted or inadequate, when patients are treated inappropriately, or when an individual has impaired immune function, which can lead to a rapid progression from infection with an MDR-strain to disease. This study examines the role of health systems in amplifying or preventing the development of MDR-TB. Methods: We present two comparative studies, which were undertaken in The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (TFYR Macedonia) and Moldova. Results: The findings reveal several health systems-level factors that contribute to the different rates of MDR-TB observed in these two countries, including: pre-existing burden of disease; organization of the health system, with the existence of parallel systems; power dynamics among policy makers and disease programmes; and the accountability & effectiveness of programme oversight. Conclusions: The findings do not offer a universal template for health system reform but do identify specific factors that may be contributing to the epidemic and are worthy of further attention in the two countries.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume V, 2016
INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ESG STRATEGIES IN THE LABOR MARKET IN RUSSIA
Creators: name: Ermolaeva Yu.V.
Publisher: name: Финансовые рынки и банки
Year: 2022
Subjects: GREEN JOBS
GREEN PROFESSIONS
LABOR MARKET MODERNIZATION
LABOR MARKET DYNAMICS
SOCIAL STRUCTURE

description: The article based on official reports of russian companies and analysis of ratings and presents the latest achievements of ESG - the policy of the most promising sectors of the economy through sustainable development practices: waste processing industry, metallurgy, retail, IT sector, oil and refining industry, agriculture, mining industry. The IT industry prefers to bet on green offices, the retail market is implementing a new sustainable development policy in creating a communication network of responsible manufacturers and social and environmental practices and will require more sustainability managers. The oil and gas industry is the leaders in terms of the number of employees and the future demand for new green professions in the field of exploration, production, processing of oil and gas products, as well as in the implementation of new energy-saving technologies. The second in terms of numbers and the application of new environmental and energy-efficient standards is the metallurgical industry, which will require new specialists in related fields (data processing, metallurgy, engineering, ecology), followed by the mining and chemical industries, where the demand for specialists in the field of green chemistry, engineering, environmental management will follow. Waste processing industry and organic agriculture have huge development prospects, will require specialists in waste management and recycling, and specialists in sustainable agriculture, however, the number of workers in these sectors is still relatively small and cannot fill the demand in the industry.
Does cognitive reflection affect confidence in belief?
Creators: name: Billet, Matthew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This pre-registration contains the materials, methods, and analysis plan for this study. A brief description of the study is shown below: We are investigating how confidence in one’s beliefs might change as a function of the degree to which one reflects on their beliefs. In this study, we present participants with a series of statements for which they judge as true or false. We also assess their confidence in their judgments. All questions are asked twice, first the participants are asked to make these judgments quickly based on their gut instinct, they are then asked to make those same judgments after careful and sustained reflection.
Lensfree Spectral Light-field Fusion Microscopy for Contrast- and Resolution-enhanced Imaging of Biological Specimens
Creators: name: Kazemzadeh, Farnoud
name: Jin, Chao
name: Molladavoodi, Sara
name: Mei, Yu
name: Emelko, Monica B.
name: Gorbet, Maud B.
name: Wong, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A lensfree spectral light-field fusion microscopy (LSLFM) system is presented for enabling contrast- and resolution-enhanced imaging of biological specimens. LSLFM consists of a pulsed multispectral lensfree microscope for capturing interferometric light-field encodings at various wavelengths, and Bayesian-based fusion to reconstruct a fused object light-field from the encodings. By fusing unique object detail information captured at different wavelengths, LSLFM can achieve improved resolution, contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over a single-channel lensfree microscopy system. A five-channel LSLFM system was developed and quantitatively evaluated to validate the design. Experimental results demonstrated that the LSLFM system provided SNR improvements of 6-12 dB, as well as a six-fold improvement in the dispersion index (DI), over that achieved using a single-channel, resolution-enhancing lensfree deconvolution microscopy system or its multi-wavelength counterpart. Furthermore, the LSLFM system achieved an increase in numerical aperture (NA) of ~16% over a single-channel resolution-enhancing lensfree deconvolution microscopy system at the highest-resolution wavelength used in the study. Samples of Staurastrum paradoxum, a waterborne algae, and human corneal epithelial cells were imaged using the system to illustrate its potential for enhanced imaging of biological specimens.
description: 5 pages
Spin-charge transport driven by magnetization dynamics on disordered surface of doped topological insulators
Creators: name: Taguchi, Katsuhisa
name: Shintani, Kunitaka
name: Tanaka, Yukio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the spin and charge generation along with the electron transport on a disordered surface of a doped three-dimensional topological insulator/magnetic insulator junction by using Green's function techniques. We find that the spin and charge current are induced by not only local but also nonlocal magnetization dynamics through nonmagnetic impurity scattering on the disordered surface of the doped topological insulator. We also clarify that the spin current as well as charge density are induced by spatially inhomogeneous magnetization dynamics, and the spin current diffusively propagates on the disordered surface. Using these results, we discuss both local and nonlocal spin torques before and after the spin and spin current generation on the surface, and provide a procedure to detect the spin current.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures
Dietary patterns and physical activity among Palestinian female schoolchildren in East Jerusalem
Creators: name: Nubani-Husseini, Maha
name: Berry, Elliot
name: Abdeen, Ziad
name: Donchin, Milka
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2016

description: Aim: This study aims to assess the Palestinian girls’ dietary habits and physical activity patterns as a baseline for intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study of grade 4 and 5 pupils (mean age: 11 years) in 14 all-girl schools in East Jerusalem, of four different types of school ownership (overall N=897), was conducted, using self-administered questionnaires and height and weight measurements. Logistic regressions were conducted to determine predictors of healthy behaviours. Results: Only 36.6% of the pupils reported eating breakfast daily, with UNRWA schools having the highest rate of daily breakfast consumption (42.6%). About 28% reported eating the recommended daily quantity of five portions of fruits and vegetables. Only 15% of the pupils reported being active at least five days a week and more than one third of the schoolchildren viewed TV for ≥4 hours a day. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.2% and 7.6%, respectively, with private schools having the highest rates, 29.6% and 12.8% respectively (P=0.001). Additional predictors of overweight and obesity were: being the first child in the family, watching TV for more than four hours a day, always eating while watching TV and being physically active less than five days a week. Conclusions: Most Palestinian pupils miss breakfast, eat less fruits and vegetables than recommended and have sedentary behaviours. These findings raise serious concerns and point to the urgent need for tailored interventions. Source of funding: This study is a part of Ph.D. degree. Maha Nubani-Husseini received a scholarship from Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). She thanks Nutrition and Health Research Institute Al-Quds University for funding part of the research. The Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women at the Division of Cardiology of Hadassah University Medical Center, directed by Dr. Donna Zfat funded the mothers’ activities and lectures towards the end of the intervention, as well as the implementation of the programme at the control schools one year after the study ended, as they were promised when they got selected. Acknowledgments: The authors thank the participating schools, the Palestinian Ministry of Education, the UNRWA Office of Education and Jerusalem Municipality for facilitating fieldwork. Their gratitude also goes to Mr. Radwan Qasrawi (Al-Quds University), Dr. Marrio Baras and Dr. Deena Jaffeh (Hebrew University) for statistical support, and to Mrs. Suzy Daher for editing.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume V, 2016
Universal behaviour of generalized Causal set d'Alembertians in curved spacetime
Creators: name: Belenchia, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Causal set non-local wave operators allow both for the definition of an action for Causal set theory and the study of deviations from local physics that may have interesting phenomenological consequences. It was previously shown that, in all dimensions, the (unique) minimal discrete operators give averaged continuum non-local operators that reduce to $\Box-R/2$ in the local limit. Recently, dropping the constraint of minimality, it was shown that there exist an infinite number of discrete operators satisfying basic physical requirements and with the right local limit in flat spacetime. In this work, we consider this entire class of Generalized Causal set d'Alembertins in curved spacetimes and extend to them the result about the universality of the $-R/2$ factor. Finally, we comment on the relation of this result to the Einstein Equivalence principle.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure. Some typos corrected, this version accepted for publication in Class.Quant.Grav
Concurrent validity of radiography and ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of aortic aneurisms in Albanian patients
Creators: name: Laci, Ilirian
name: Spahiu, Alketa
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2016

description: Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the concurrent validity of radiography and ultrasound examination among patients diagnosed with aortic aneurisms in Albania, a transitional country in South Eastern Europe. Methods: This study included 75 consecutive patients diagnosed with aortic aneurisms (thoracic and/or abdominal) admitted at the University Hospital Centre “Mother Teresa” in Tirana during 2012-2014 (56 men and 19 women). For each patient, computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast was used to confirm the diagnosis of aortic aneurisms. In addition to the CT scan (“gold standard” for the diagnosis of aneurisms), in 37 patients, radiography and ultrasound examination were simultaneously performed in order to assess the validity of these techniques. Furthermore, demographic data and other relevant clinical information were collected for each study participant. Results: In 18 patients with thoracic aneurisms pertinent to ascendant aorta where radiography and ultrasound were simultaneously performed, ultrasound was able to diagnose 5 (27.8%) cases which were not detected through radiography (P=0.038). Conversely, in 16 patients with abdominal aneurisms where radiography and ultrasound were simultaneously performed, ultrasound was able to diagnose 4 (25.0%) cases which were not detected through radiography (P=0.034). The remaining three patients diagnosed with thoracic-abdominal aneurisms were not detected either by ultrasound examination or radiography. Conclusions: In this sample of Albanian patients diagnosed with aortic aneurisms (N=75), overall, 9 (24.3%) subjects were detected through ultrasound examination but not radiography (P<0.001). Findings from this study provide valuable clues about the concurrent validity and predictive value of these two key examinations for the diagnosis of aortic aneurisms.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume V, 2016
Influence of a six-month strengthening programme on HbA1c, cholesterol and triglycerides in type II diabetics: A pilot study
Creators: name: Wenzel, Helmut
name: Unger, Edgar
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2016

description: Aim: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of resistance training on glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes, the additional risk factors including low physical activity, measured by HbA1c, body weight, cholesterol and triglycerides. Methods: We conducted a pilot study as a pre-and-post study with no control group. Participants had to meet the following inclusion criteria: type 2 diabetic person, 45-75 years old, duration of diabetes <10 years, no experience with resistance training within the last ten years, willingness to attend regularly the training sessions (two training units per week, with 45 mi­nutes of duration each). Furthermore, a certificate from the treating physician (diabetologist) was requested, testifying that there were no medical reasons against participation. Patients with severe accompanying diseases, high blood pressure, heart failure (NYHA III), or retinopathy were excluded. Eighteen persons (10 men, 8 women), aged 46-71 years could be included. Due to dropouts, the pre-post-evaluation was based on 13 individuals only. Mean age of this group (6 men, 7 women) was 63.6±5.5 years. Mean body mass index at the beginning was 29.8±4.9. Mean HbA1c was 7.5%±0.6%; the triglycerides were in the range between 134 mg/dl and 335 mg/dl with an average value of 195.8±50.9 mg/dl. Cholesterol level was between 149 mg/dl and 262 mg/dl, which corresponded to an average of 206.6±34.8 mg/dl. The training took place in a fitness centre under the supervision of a certified sports scientist between April 2010 and October 2010 for 28 weeks. During the training period, the patients were asked to report whether they changed their level of general physical activity during this period, as a potential confounder. Possible treatment adaptations had to be recorded. Results: At the end of the study, the average HbA1c dropped from 7.5%±0.6% to 7.1%±0.8%. Mean cholesterol level dropped from 206.6±34.8 mg/dl to 191.3± 30.85 mg/dl. Mean triglycerides were lowered from 195.8±50.9 mg/dl to 144±30 mg/dl. These changes were all statistically significant (P<0.05). The dose-response curve was not significant, probably due to the small number of participants. Conclusions: There is now suggestive evidence supporting the use of resistance training for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. However, this has not been perceived clearly enough to date. It is also not in the focus of economic evaluations of diabetes preventing strategies. Activating diabetic patients to perform resistance training is an effective and efficient way to reduce the burden of diabetes and, even more, to prevent this disease.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume V, 2016
CHEMOUT: CHEMical complexity in star-forming regions of the OUTer Galaxy. II. Methanol formation at low metallicity
Creators: name: Fontani, F.
name: Schmiedeke, A.
name: Sanchez-Monge, A.
name: Colzi, L.
name: Elia, D.
name: Rivilla, V. M.
name: Beltran, M. T.
name: Bizzocchi, L.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Magrini, L.
name: Romano, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The outer Galaxy is an environment with metallicity lower than the Solar one and, because of this, the formation and survival of molecules in star-forming regions located in the inner and outer Galaxy is expected to be different. To gain understanding on how chemistry changes throughout the Milky Way, it is crucial to observe outer Galaxy star-forming regions to constrain models adapted for lower metallicity environments. The project "chemical complexity in star-forming regions of the outer Galaxy" (CHEMOUT) aims to address this problem observing a sample of 35 high-mass star-forming cores at Galactocentric distances up to ~23 kpc with the IRAM 30m telescope in various 3mm and 2mm bands. In this work we analyse observations of methanol (CH3OH), one of the simplest complex organic molecules crucial for organic chemistry in star-forming regions, and of two chemically related species, HCO and formaldehyde (H2CO), towards 15 out of the 35 targets of the CHEMOUT sample. In fact, only targets previously detected in both HCO and H2CO, both precursors of methanol, were considered. We detected CH3OH in all 15 targets. Using a Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium approach, we derive CH3OH excitation temperatures in the range 7 - 16 K and line widths smaller than 4 km/s, consistent with emission from a cold and quiescent envelope. The CH3OH fractional abundances w.r.t. H2 range between ~0.6 x 10^{-9} and ~7.4 x 10^{-9}. These values are comparable to those found in star-forming regions in the inner and local Galaxy. Our results have important implications in the organic, and possibly pre-biotic, chemistry occurring in the outermost star-forming regions of the Galaxy, and can help setting the frontiers of the Galactic habitable zone.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 appendices, accepted for publication in A&A
A note on the probability of generating alternating or symmetric groups
Creators: name: Morgan, Luke
name: Roney-Dougal, Colva M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We improve on recent estimates for the probability of generating the alternating and symmetric groups $\mathrm{Alt}(n)$ and $\mathrm{Sym}(n)$. In particular we find the sharp lower bound, if the probability is given by a quadratic in $n^{-1}$. This leads to improved bounds on the largest number $h(\mathrm{Alt}(n))$ such that a direct product of $h(\mathrm{Alt}(n))$ copies of $\mathrm{Alt}(n)$ can be generated by two elements.
Categorizing Flight Paths using Data Visualization and Clustering Methodologies
Creators: name: Song, Yifan
name: Yu, Keyang
name: Young, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work leverages the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's Traffic Flow Management System dataset and DV8, a recently developed tool for highly interactive visualization of air traffic data, to develop clustering algorithms for categorizing air traffic by their varying flight paths. Two clustering methodologies, a spatial-based geographic distance model, and a vector-based cosine similarity model, are demonstrated and compared for their clustering effectiveness. Examples of their applications reveal successful, realistic clustering based on automated clustering result determination and human-in-the-loop processes, with geographic distance algorithms performing better for enroute portions of flight paths and cosine similarity algorithms performing better for near-terminal operations, such as arrival paths. A point extraction technique is applied to improve computation efficiency.
description: Published in the 9th International Conference on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT'20): https://www.icrat.org/previous-conferences/9th-international-conference/papers/
Genome mining reveals the prevalence and extensive diversity of toxin-antitoxin systems in Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Yang, Haiyan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium that is highly pathogenic and adaptive, showing great persistence in the environment. The toxin-antitoxin (TA) system is considered a valuable strategy for bacterial pathogens to survive in stressed environments and plays a crucial role in the defense system. Numerous studies have wildly explored the distribution and function of TA systems in clinical pathogens. However, little is known about the diversity of the TA systems and their evolutionary dynamics in S. aureus. In this study, we performed a comprehensive in silico screening of 621 isolates recovered from public databases. We identified 44 TA groups belonging in S. aureus genomes using bioinformatic search and prediction tools, including SLING, TADB2.0 and TASmania. There was a median of 7 TA systems in each genome, and 3 type II TA groups which were found in more than 80% of the strains, including HD, HD_3, and YoeB, others were more sporadic. The majority of predicted TA genes are chromosomally encoded. The Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) genomic islands also harbored TA genes. Further functional characterization of the putative TA system could reveal how these widespread prevalent gene modules potentially influence the ecology, virulence, and disease management practices of S. aureus. Our study opens the prospect of characterizing these putative TA genes and the design of more targeted antimicrobial agents in the future.
description: Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
Award Number:
description: S. aureus genome assemblies (FASTA), annotated genomes (GBK and GFF) and protein sequence (FAA) for each corresponding isolate record were gathered from the NCBI database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) as of August 31, 2021. Isolate background information was obtained by retrieving relevant literature and BioSample database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biosamples) with a self-written Python script.
Fractal Interference Nodes as the Origin of Nuclear Fission Products
Creators: name: Pernt, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: Particle physics
subject: Atomic physics
subject: Nuclear physics
subject: Quantum physics
subject: nuclear fission, interference, fractal geometry, spherical wavefield

description: This thesis presents an alternative physical model to describe the distribution of fission products in nuclear reactions.In contrast to conventional fragmentation models, this approach assumes that fission products do not emerge mechanically,but rather arise at interference nodes formed by recursively superimposed, spherically symmetric wavefields.

The numerically simulated density distributions show good qualitative agreement with experimental fission fragment data(IAEA [9], ENDF/B-VIII.0 [10]), especially for U-235, Pu-239, and Th-232.

The model suggests that the underlying structure may be geometrically organized rather than stochastic.This perspective opens new avenues for the physical interpretation – and potentially for the control – of nuclear processes.