cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Scale-invariant total decay width $Γ(H\to b\bar{b})$ using the novel method of characteristic operator
Creators: name: Yan, Jiang
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
name: Shen, Jian-Ming
name: Huang, Xu-Dong
name: Wu, Zhi-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a novel method via using the characteristic operator~(CO) ${\cal \hat{D}}_{n_γ, n_β}$ is proposed to extend the applicability of PMC, which is a theoretical generalization of previous PMC single-scale setting approach. Using the CO formulism, we are able to facilitate the derivation of complex scenarios within a structured theoretical framework, leading to simpler procedures and more compact expressions. The CO framework not only streamlines derivations for complex scenarios, yielding simplified procedures and more compact expressions, but also achieves a scheme-and-scale invariant pQCD series by fixing the correct effective magnitude of $α_s$ and the running mass simultaneously. Both are well matched with the expansion coefficients of the series, leading to the wanted scheme-and-scale invariant conformal series. As an example, we show the achievement of scale-invariant N$^{4}$LO total decay width $Γ(H\to b\bar{b})$ under the $\overline{\rm MS}$-scheme. Using the CO framework, its effective coupling $α_{s}(Q_{*})$ and effective $b$-quark $\overline{\rm MS}$-mass $\overline{m}_{b}(Q_{*})$ are determined by absorbing all non-conformal $\{β_{i}\}$-terms from the renormalization group equations for either $α_s$ or $\overline{m}_{b}$ simultaneously. The PMC scale is fixed up to N$^3$LL-accuracy, $Q_{*} = 55.2916$~GeV and a scale-invariant total decay width is obtained, $Γ(H \to b\bar{b}) = 2.3819 _{-0.0231}^{+0.0230}$~MeV, whose errors are squared averages of the ones associated with $Δα_{s}(M_{Z}) = \pm 0.0009$, $ΔM_{H} = 0.11$~GeV, $Δ\overline{m}_{b}(\overline{m}_{b}) = \pm 0.007$~GeV, and the uncalculated N$^{5}$LO contributions $ΔΓ= \pm0.0001$~MeV predicted via Bayesian analysis with the degree-of-belief ${\rm DoB}=95.5\%$.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures
Depth Estimation from Single-shot Monocular Endoscope Image Using Image Domain Adaptation And Edge-Aware Depth Estimation
Creators: name: Oda, Masahiro
name: Itoh, Hayato
name: Tanaka, Kiyohito
name: Takabatake, Hirotsugu
name: Mori, Masaki
name: Natori, Hiroshi
name: Mori, Kensaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a depth estimation method from a single-shot monocular endoscopic image using Lambertian surface translation by domain adaptation and depth estimation using multi-scale edge loss. We employ a two-step estimation process including Lambertian surface translation from unpaired data and depth estimation. The texture and specular reflection on the surface of an organ reduce the accuracy of depth estimations. We apply Lambertian surface translation to an endoscopic image to remove these texture and reflections. Then, we estimate the depth by using a fully convolutional network (FCN). During the training of the FCN, improvement of the object edge similarity between an estimated image and a ground truth depth image is important for getting better results. We introduced a muti-scale edge loss function to improve the accuracy of depth estimation. We quantitatively evaluated the proposed method using real colonoscopic images. The estimated depth values were proportional to the real depth values. Furthermore, we applied the estimated depth images to automated anatomical location identification of colonoscopic images using a convolutional neural network. The identification accuracy of the network improved from 69.2% to 74.1% by using the estimated depth images.
description: Accepted paper as an oral presentation at Joint MICCAI workshop 2021, AE-CAI/CARE/OR2.0
Cryogenic frequency-domain electron spin resonance spectrometer based on coplanar waveguides and field modulation
Creators: name: Miksch, Björn
name: Dressel, Martin
name: Scheffler, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an instrument to perform frequency-domain electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments that is based on coplanar waveguides and field modulation. A large parameter space in frequency (up to 25 GHz), magnetic field (up to 8 T), and temperature (down to 1.6 K) is accessible. We performed experiments on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) as a standard to calibrate the field modulation as well as on a carbon fibre sample to estimate the overall sensitivity of the instruments. Spectra of a ruby sample in a broad frequency- and field range at cryogenic temperatures are recorded with and without field modulation. The comparison reveals the improved signal-to-noise ratio achieved by field modulation.
description: The following article has been accepted by Review of Scientific Instruments. After it is published, it will be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5141461
Wave localization in binary isotopically disordered one-dimensional harmonic chains with impurities having arbitrary cross section and concentration
Creators: name: Snyder, K. A.
name: Kirkpatrick, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The localization length for isotopically disordered harmonic one-dimensional chains is calculated for arbitrary impurity concentration and scattering cross section. The localization length depends on the scattering cross section of a single scatterer, which is calculated for a discrete chain having a wavelength dependent pulse propagation speed. For binary isotopically disordered systems composed of many scatterers, the localization length decreases with increasing impurity concentration, reaching a mimimum before diverging toward infinity as the impurity concentration approaches a value of one. The concentration dependence of the localization length over the entire impurity concentration range is approximated accurately by the sum of the behavior at each limiting concentration. Simultaneous measurements of Lyapunov exponent statistics indicate practical limits for the minimum system length and the number of scatterers to achieve representative ensemble averages. Results are discussed in the context of future investigations of the time-dependent behavior of disordered anharmonic chains.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PRB
Location and distance effects on western calf and yearling prices
Creators: name: Blank, Steven C.
name: Saitone, Tina
name: Sexton, Richard
name: Kalotia, Kabir
name: Forero, Larry
name: Nader, Glenn
name: Blank, Steven C.
name: Saitone, Tina
name: Sexton, Richard
name: Kalotia, Kabir
name: Forero, Larry
name: Nader, Glenn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Some long-standing concerns regarding cattle markets in the western United States are addressed in this study using twelve years of data from video auction sales across the West. Western ranchers receive lower prices for cattle relative to prices received by ranchers in the Midwest. We show that the price received by ranchers in western states includes a discount fixed per mile from a central market in the Midwest. That implies a competitive, FOB pricing structure may be operating in cattle markets, however different distance discounts in calf and yearling market segments, plus the presence of additional regional price discounts in western states, indicate conditions typical of an integrated market in which buyers favor sellers in the Midwest over those in the West. The average amount of location and distance discounts are both reported for multiple market regions. Some implications of those results are drawn concerning the market structure of the western cattle market and its local components.
BREAKING THE GLASS CEILING: UNRAVELING AMAZON'S IMPACT OF GENDER AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
Creators: name: Lewis, Allison R
name: Marquez, Benjamin A.
Publisher: name: ZAP journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Gender Equality
Corporate Leadership
Unconscious Gender Bias
Workplace Discrimination
Women Empowerment

description: Despite significant strides toward gender equality, the underrepresentation of women in corporate leadership persists globally, with a noticeable decline as one ascends the corporate hierarchy, even amid the post-Covid-19 era marked by unprecedentedly low unemployment rates in the United States of America (Mujtaba, 2022). This enduring gender gap is exacerbated by multifaceted challenges, including gender-based discrimination and unconscious bias, hindering women and other minorities in their pursuit of executive roles (Mujtaba and Cavico, 2015; Cavico and Mujtaba, 2017). While several companies express commitment to fostering gender equality through family-friendly workplace initiatives, policies, and the expansion of professional networks for women (Delapenha et al., 2020; Mujtaba, Cavico, and Senathip, 2016), the persistence of unconscious gender bias suggests an underlying barrier.

This study explores the nuanced impact of unconscious gender bias on women's advancement in corporate settings. Acknowledging the efforts of companies to create inclusive environments, we argue that unconscious bias remains a significant impediment to the career progression of highly competent women. Drawing attention to the research by Murninghan (2018), which underscores the existence of bias in the workplace, we advocate for a deeper understanding of these biases and assert that more proactive measures are essential to empower exceptionally talented women and facilitate their ascent to the summit of the corporate hierarchy.

Our examination delves into the intersectionality of gender-based challenges, analyzing the compounding effects of discrimination and unconscious bias on women's professional growth. By synthesizing existing literature, including Mujtaba's insights on the post-Covid-19 employment landscape, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on gender equality in the corporate world. This research underscores the necessity for a comprehensive approach that goes beyond superficial policies, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to eliminate unconscious gender bias and cultivate an environment where highly capable women can thrive and ascend to leadership positions
Bivectorial Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Cycle Affinity, Vorticity Potential, and Onsager's Principle
Creators: name: Yang, Ying-Jen
name: Qian, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize an idea in the works of Landauer and Bennett on computations, and Hill's in chemical kinetics, to emphasize the importance of kinetic cycles in mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics (NET). For continuous stochastic systems, a NET in phase space is formulated in terms of cycle affinity $\nabla\wedge\big(\mathbf{D}^{-1}\mathbf{b}\big)$ and vorticity potential $\mathbf{A}(\mathbf{x})$ of the stationary flux $\mathbf{J}^{*}=\nabla\times\mathbf{A}$. Each bivectorial cycle couples two transport processes represented by vectors and gives rise to Onsager's reciprocality; the scalar product of the two bivectors $\mathbf{A}\cdot\nabla\wedge\big(\mathbf{D}^{-1}\mathbf{b}\big)$ is the rate of local entropy production in the nonequilibrium steady state. An Onsager operator that maps vorticity to cycle affinity is introduced.
String Field Theory Vertices for Fermions of Integral Weight
Creators: name: Kling, Alexander
name: Uhlmann, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct Witten-type string field theory vertices for a fermionic first order system with conformal weights (0,1) in the operator formulation using delta-function overlap conditions as well as the Neumann function method. The identity, the reflector and the interaction vertex are treated in detail paying attention to the zero mode conditions and the U(1) charge anomaly. The Neumann coefficients for the interaction vertex are shown to be intimately connected with the coefficients for bosons allowing a simple proof that the reparametrization anomaly of the fermionic first order system cancels the contribution of two real bosons. This agrees with their contribution c=-2 to the central charge. The overlap equations for the interaction vertex are shown to hold. Our results have applications in N=2 string field theory, Berkovits' hybrid formalism for superstring field theory, the ηξ-system and the twisted bc-system used in bosonic vacuum string field theory.
description: 1+28 pages, minor improvements, references added
ON THE SOCIALLY CONDITIONED NATURE OF EVALUATION IN THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF A WORD
Creators: name: Jurakhonov Azamat Azamkhon o'g'li,   Student of Uzbekistan State World Languages Univversity Scientific adviser: Z.X.Bannopova, Teacher at Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article discusses the problems of the relationship between assessment and norms, the subjectivity of the choice of norms, reveals the role of the context and the situation of communication in the evaluation process, the influence of the characteristics of the worldview of the speaker's personality, his value orientations and speech behavior.
MEGARA-GTC Stellar Spectral Library (I)
Creators: name: García-Vargas, M. L.
name: Carrasco, E.
name: Mollá, M.
name: de Paz, A. Gil
name: Berlanas, S. R.
name: Cardiel, N.
name: Gómez-Alvarez, P.
name: Gallego, J.
name: Iglesias-Páramo, J.
name: Cedazo, R.
name: Pascual, S.
name: Castillo-Morales, A.
name: Pérez-Calpena, A.
name: Martínez-Delgado, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MEGARA (Multi Espectr{ó}grafo en GTC de Alta Resoluci{ó}n para Astronom{\'ı}a) is an optical (3650~--~9750Å), fibre-fed, medium-high spectral resolution (R = 6000, 12000, 20000) instrument for the GTC 10.4m telescope, commissioned in the summer of 2017, and currently in operation. The scientific exploitation of MEGARA demands a stellar-spectra library to interpret galaxy data and to estimate the contribution of the stellar populations. This paper introduces the MEGARA-GTC spectral library, detailing the rationale behind the catalogue building. We present the spectra of 97 stars (21 individual stars and 56 members of the globular cluster M15, being both sub-samples taken during the commissioning runs; and 20 stars from our on-going GTC Open-Time program). The spectra have R~=~20000 in the HR-R and HR-I setups, centred at 6563 and 8633~Å respectively. We describe the procedures to reduce and analyse the data. Then, we determine the best-fitting theoretical models to each spectrum through a $χ^{2}$ minimisation technique to derive the stellar physical parameters and discuss the results. We have also measured some absorption lines and indices. Finally, this article introduces our project to complete the library and the database to make the spectra available to the community.
description: 27 paginas, 18 figuras, MNRAS, in press
Fibration de Hitchin et endoscopie
Creators: name: Chau, Ngo Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H60, 22E35 (Primary) 14F20 (Secondary)

description: We propose a geometric interpretation of the theory of elliptic endoscopy, due to Langlands and Kottwitz, in terms of the Hitchin fibration. As applications, we prove a global analog of a purity conjecture, due to Goresky, Kottwitz and MacPherson. For unitary groups, this global purity statement has been used, in a joint work with G. Laumon, to prove the fundamental lemma over local fields of equal characteristics.
description: published version, Latex file
Emergence of energy-avoiding and energy-seeking behaviours in nonequilibrium dissipative quantum systems
Creators: name: Werlang, Thiago
name: Matos, Maurício
name: Brito, Frederico
name: Valente, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A longstanding challenge in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is to predict the emergence of self-organized behaviours and functionalities typical of living matter. Despite the progress with classical complex systems, it remains far from obvious how to extrapolate these results down to the quantum scale. Here, we employ the paradigmatic master equation framework to establish that some lifelike behaviours and functionalities can indeed emerge in elementary dissipative quantum systems driven out of equilibrium. Specifically, we find both energy-avoiding (low steady dissipation) and energy-seeking behaviours (high steady dissipation), as well as self-adaptive shifts between these modes, in generic few-level systems. We also find emergent functionalities, namely, a self-organized thermal gradient in the system's environment (in the energy-seeking mode) and an active equilibration against thermal gradients (in the energy-avoiding mode). Finally, we discuss the possibility that our results could be related to the concept of dissipative adaptation.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Understanding the Typical Presentation of Emptiness: A Study of Lived-Experience - Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Herron, Shona
name: Sani, Fabio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: Applied Psychology
subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Personality, Social and Criminal Psychology

description: Supplementary materials to support 'Understanding the Typical Presentation of Emptiness: A Study of Lived-Experience' by Herron, S., & Sani, F.
Toward Classification of 2nd Order Superintegrable Systems in 3-Dimensional Conformally Flat Spaces with Functionally Linearly Dependent Symmetry Operators
Creators: name: Berntson, Bjorn K.
name: Kalnins, Ernest G.
name: Miller, Willard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70H06, 81R12

description: We make significant progress toward the classification of 2nd order superintegrable systems on 3-dimensional conformally flat space that have functionally linearly dependent (FLD) symmetry generators, with special emphasis on complex Euclidean space. The symmetries for these systems are linearly dependent only when the coefficients are allowed to depend on the spatial coordinates. The Calogero-Moser system with 3 bodies on a line and 2-parameter rational potential is the best known example of an FLD superintegrable system. We work out the structure theory for these FLD systems on 3D conformally flat space and show, for example, that they always admit a 1st order symmetry. A partial classification of FLD systems on complex 3D Euclidean space is given. This is part of a project to classify all 3D 2nd order superintegrable systems on conformally flat spaces.
Precision Cosmology? Not Just Yet
Creators: name: Bridle, Sarah L.
name: Lahav, Ofer
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
name: Steinhardt, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent announcement from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite experiment combined with other recent advances in observational cosmology verifies key components of the standard cosmological model. However, we argue that there remain some significant open issues regarding the basic history and composition of the Universe and uncertainties in some of the most important parameters.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures. Online journal version http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/299/5612/1532
EntropyDB: A Probabilistic Approach to Approximate Query Processing
Creators: name: Orr, Laurel
name: Balazinska, Magdalena
name: Suciu, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present EntropyDB, an interactive data exploration system that uses a probabilistic approach to generate a small, query-able summary of a dataset. Departing from traditional summarization techniques, we use the Principle of Maximum Entropy to generate a probabilistic representation of the data that can be used to give approximate query answers. We develop the theoretical framework and formulation of our probabilistic representation and show how to use it to answer queries. We then present solving techniques, give two critical optimizations to improve preprocessing time and query execution time, and explore methods to reduce query error. Lastly, we experimentally evaluate our work using a 5 GB dataset of flights within the United States and a 210 GB dataset from an astronomy particle simulation. While our current work only supports linear queries, we show that our technique can successfully answer queries faster than sampling while introducing, on average, no more error than sampling and can better distinguish between rare and nonexistent values. We also discuss extensions that can allow for data updates and linear queries over joins.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1703.03856
The non-Markovian quantum behavior of open systems: An exact Monte Carlo method employing stochastic product states
Creators: name: Breuer, Heinz-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the exact dynamics of a composite quantum system can be represented through a pair of product states which evolve according to a Markovian random jump process. This representation is used to design a general Monte Carlo wave function method that enables the stochastic treatment of the full non-Markovian behavior of open quantum systems. Numerical simulations are carried out which demonstrate that the method is applicable to open systems strongly coupled to a bosonic reservoir, as well as to the interaction with a spin bath. Full details of the simulation algorithms are given, together with an investigation of the dynamics of fluctuations. Several potential generalizations of the method are outlined.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Doubly Degenerate Diffuse Interface Models of Anisotropic Surface Diffusion
Creators: name: Salvalaglio, Marco
name: Selch, Maximilian
name: Voigt, Axel
name: Wise, Steven M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the doubly degenerate Cahn-Hilliard (DDCH) models for isotropic surface diffusion, which yield more accurate approximations than classical degenerate Cahn-Hilliard (DCH) models, to the anisotropic case. We consider both weak and strong anisotropies and demonstrate the capabilities of the approach for these cases numerically. The proposed model provides a variational and energy dissipative approach for anisotropic surface diffusion, enabling large scale simulations with material-specific parameters.
description: 15 pages; 6 figures
Roary (paralog_not_split): core genome alignment of the whole collection
Creators: name: GlobalPneumoSeq Sanger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110899 Medical Microbiology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Roary: core genome alignment of the whole collection (n=13,454)
Evidence for a New Elliptical-Galaxy Paradigm: Sersic and Core Galaxies
Creators: name: Trujillo, I.
name: Erwin, Peter
name: Ramos, A. Asensio
name: Graham, Alister W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We fit the surface-brightness profiles of 21 elliptical galaxies using both the Sersic function and a new empirical model which combines an inner power law with an outer Sersic function. The profiles are combinations of deconvolved HST profiles from the literature and ellipse fits to the full WFPC2 mosaic images, and thus span a radial range from ~ 0.02 arcsec to ~ twice the half-light radius. We are able to accurately fit the entire profiles using either the Sersic function or our new model. In doing so, we demonstrate that most, if not all, so-called ``power-law'' galaxies are better described as ``Sersic galaxies'' -- they are well modeled by the three-parameter Sersic profile into the limits of HST resolution -- and that ``core'' galaxies are best understood as consisting of an outer Sersic profile with an inner power-law cusp, which is a downward deviation from the inward extrapolation of the Sersic profile. This definition of cores resolves ambiguities that result when the popular ``Nuker law'' is fitted to the profiles of ellipticals and bulges, particularly at lower luminosities. We also find that using the Nuker law to model core-galaxy nuclear profiles systematically overestimates the core radii by factors of 1.5--4.5 and underestimates the inner power-law slope by ~ 20--40% or more.
description: LaTeX, 10 EPS figures. Astronomical Journal, in press. Version with full-resolution figures available at http://www.iac.es/galeria/erwin/research/
Charged particle dynamics near an X-point of a non-symmetric magnetic field with closed field lines
Creators: name: Elbarmi, E.
name: Sengupta, W.
name: Weitzner, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding particle drifts in a non-symmetric magnetic field is of primary interest in designing optimized stellarators to minimize the neoclassical radial loss of particles. Quasisymmetry and omnigeneity, two distinct properties proposed to ensure radial localization of collisionless trapped particles in stellarators, have been explored almost exclusively for magnetic fields that generate nested flux surfaces. In this work, we extend these concepts to the case where all the field lines are closed. We then study charged particle dynamics in the exact non-symmetric vacuum magnetic field with closed field lines, obtained recently by Weitzner and Sengupta (arXiv:1909.01890), which possesses X-points. The magnetic field can be used to construct magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium in the limit of vanishing plasma pressure. Expanding in the amplitude of the non-symmetric fields, we explicitly evaluate the omnigeneity and quasisymmetry constraints. We show that the magnetic field is omnigeneous in the sense that the drift surfaces coincide with the pressure surfaces. However, it is not quasisymmetric according to the standard definitions.
description: Part of NYU GSTEM, a program to encourage girls in high school to take up STEM subjects
What Strategies do Dairy Companies Realize? Using Content Analysis to Examine Realized Strategies in the Dairy Industry
Creators: name: Höhler, Julia
name: Kühl, Rainer
name: Höhler, Julia
name: Kühl, Rainer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: strategic management
subject: content analysis
subject: realized strategy
subject: mixed methods
subject: dairy

description: A realized strategy can be understood as the sum of a company’s strategic actions over time. This concept of strategy is difficult to grasp empirically. However, the content analysis enables a systematic, dynamic, and theoretically sound recording of realized strategies. To demonstrate the potential of the method in capturing strategies, we encode 4,158 pieces of information about strategic actions of ten European dairy companies in the German market for over 11 years. Based on this, we suggest a mixed methods approach to learn more about the individual companies’ competitive moves and their realized strategies. The companies investigated differ in their adaptation to changing environmental conditions and in particular in their brand policy. Our approach can be applied to many questions in strategy research and promises new insights into the strategies of companies in the food industry.
Arrup Chamberlin 1912
Creators: name: Published, First
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Geophilomorpha
Mecistocephalidae
Arrup

description: Arrup Chamberlin, 1912
Mecistocephalids with 41 leg­bearing segments. Two clypeal plagulae, separated by a mid­longitudinal areolate stripe and not extending to the lateral margins of the clypeus. Spiculum absent. Buccae without setae. Posterior alae of the labrum without longitudinal stripes, without a distinct series of marginal notches and without a marginal fringe. Coxosternum of the first maxillae undivided, without a mid­longitudinal suture. Coxosternum of the second maxillae undivided; groove from the metameric pore reaching the posterior corner of the coxosternum. Telopodites of the second maxillae poorly developed, not distinctly overreaching those of the first maxillae; a simple claw either present or absent. Forcipular tergum distinctly wider than long, without a distinct mid­longitudinal sulcus. Forcipular article I with one distal tooth, tarsungulum with one, basal tooth. Sternal sulcus of trunk segments not furcate. Coxopleura of the last leg­bearing segment without a macropore distinct from the other pores. Last pair of legs as slender in males as in females, bearing one short subapical spine.
Number of known species: 16, of which 9 occur in the area considered.
description: Published as part of Published, First, 2007, The Mecistocephalidae of the Japanese and Taiwanese islands (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha), pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 1396 on page 7
Factors determining the spatial distribution of grain legume cultivation in the EU
Creators: name: Ore Barrios, Christine
name: Mäurer, Eva
name: Lippert, Christian
name: Ore Barrios, Christine
name: Mäurer, Eva
name: Lippert, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: grain legumes
subject: fractional logit generalized linear model
subject: zero-one inflated beta model
subject: spatial econometrics

description: The spatial distribution of grain legumes can be explained by combining the analysis of traditional location factors with the concept of spatial dependence. We present an in-depth literature review and derive hypotheses about the conditions that make a certain location attractive for grain legume cultivation. These hypotheses are then tested via three different approaches: a fractional logit generalized linear regression model, a zero-one inflated beta regression model and spatial econometric models. We use secondary data for the EU-28 at the NUTS2 level. Location factors that contribute to the incidence of grain legume cultivation are the frequency of organic farming and irrigable area, a farther distance to the next main port, a prominent role of legumes in regional diets, and policy measures such as support coupled to protein crops and restrictions on the use of nitrogen fertilizers. Our results suggest that agglomeration effects also matter in the cultivation of dry pulses. Corresponding external economies of scale and positive spill-over effects could be further exploited by specifically supporting investments in regional supply chains, local extension services and training.
Avertissement
Creators: name: Potestà, Andrea
Publisher: name: Classiques Garnier
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Promesse
subject: Attente
subject: Avenir
subject: Espérance
subject: Messianisme

description: L’avertissement fait brièvement référence à la provenance des texte ici réunis et se détient sur le point commun des analyses : la question de l’espérance et de l’attente dans l’action.
Extracting Higgs boson couplings from LHC data
Creators: name: Duhrssen, M.
name: Heinemeyer, S.
name: Logan, H.
name: Rainwater, D.
name: Weiglein, G.
name: Zeppenfeld, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how LHC Higgs boson production and decay data can be used to extract gauge and fermion couplings of Higgs bosons. We show that very mild theoretical assumptions, which are valid in general multi-Higgs doublet models, are sufficient to allow the extraction of absolute values for the couplings rather than just ratios of the couplings. For Higgs masses below 200 GeV we find accuracies of 10-40% for the Higgs boson couplings and total width after several years of LHC running. Slightly stronger assumptions on the Higgs gauge couplings even lead to a determination of couplings to fermions at the level of 10-20%. We also study the sensitivity to deviations from SM predictions in several supersymmetric benchmark scenarios as a subset of the analysis.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
The Era of Gravitational Astronomy and Gravitational Field of Non-Rotating Single Point Particle in General Relativity
Creators: name: Fiziev, Plamen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing various gauges of the radial coordinate, we give a General Relativistic (GR) description of static spherically symmetric spacetimes with a massive point source and vacuum outside this singularity. We show that in GR there exists a two-parameter family of such solutions to the Einstein equations which are physically distinguishable and describe the gravitational field of a single massive point particle with positive proper mass $M_0$ and positive Keplerian mass $M
description: 35 pages, 1 figure, corrections with respect to journal publication in some formulas in Section IV are made. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:gr-qc/0306088
Detailed methods and supplementary results from Three-dimensional digital mapping of ecosystems: a new era in spatial ecology
Creators: name: Jackson, Tim D'Urban
name: Williams, Gareth J.
name: Walker-Springett, Guy
name: Davies, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary methods and results from an accuracy analysis of structure-from-motion models in ecologically relevant contexts and scales, using terrestrial laser scanning data as a baseline
FUEL SUBSIDY WITHDRAWAL AND ITS EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN TARABA STATE: A STUDY OF COST OF LIVING
Creators: name: Samuel, Ifeanyi Nwosu
Publisher: name: NOLAND JOURNALS
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fuel Subsidy, Standard and of Cost living

description: The research delved into the effect of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Nigeria's Standard and Cost of Living, with Taraba State serving as a case study. Employing primary data sources, structured questionnaires, descriptive statistics, Simple Random Sample, and Taro Yamani form techniques to determine the sample size, frequency tables, percentages, and Pearson Chi-square for data analysis and hypotheses evaluation. The Pearson Chi-square results across all analyses, with likelihood ratio values (ratio value of -39.10250 and P-value 0.0002 for H1; -142.9044 and P-value of 0.0030 H2; -112.9064 and P-value is 0.0098 for H3;  and -172.9074 and P-value 0.0027 for H4 ) and corresponding P-values, revealed a statistically significant-negative effect of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Nigeria's standard and cost of living. Conclusively, the findings reject the null hypotheses, which proposed that fuel subsidy removal would not significantly affect these aspects of livelihood. Instead, the alternate hypotheses, suggesting a substantial negative impact, were supported. Based on these conclusions, the government should address challenges arising from the subsidy removal, possibly through a substantial increase in the minimum wage to alleviate the adverse effects on civil servants' welfare. Poverty reduction measures should be prioritized to mitigate the negative impact of fuel subsidy removal, particularly in Taraba State and Nigeria at large. The study recommended that efforts should be made to stimulate industrial growth to generate employment opportunities. Reactivation of the subsidy reinvestment program is advised, directing savings from subsidy removal toward projects and initiatives that enhance the welfare of civil servants and citizens alike.
title: Cold Load Pickup Model Adequacy for Power System Restoration Studies
Creators: name: Hachmann, Christian
name: Becker, Holger
name: Braun, Martin
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cold load pickup
subject: power system restoration
subject: load modelling
subject: thermal loads
subject: charging
subject: storage
subject: frequency stability
subject: renewable generation
subject: 333
subject: Österreich
subject: Deutschland
subject: Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz
subject: Erneuerbare Energien
subject: Frequenzstabilität
subject: Energiespeicherung
subject: Stromausfall

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Three-dimensional reconstruction of multiple particle acceleration regions during a coronal mass ejection
Creators: name: Morosan, D. E.
name: Palmerio, E.
name: Pomoell, J.
name: Vainio, R.
name: Palmroth, M.
name: Kilpua, E. K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Some of the most prominent sources for particle acceleration in our Solar System are large eruptions of magnetised plasma from the Sun called coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These accelerated particles can generate radio emission through various mechanisms. Aims. CMEs are often accompanied by a variety of solar radio bursts with different shapes and characteristics in dynamic spectra. Radio bursts directly associated with CMEs often show movement in the direction of CME expansion. Here, we aim to determine the emission mechanism of multiple moving radio bursts that accompanied a flare and CME that took place on 14 June 2012. Methods. We used radio imaging from the Nancay Radioheliograph, combined with observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft, to analyse these moving radio bursts in order to determine their emission mechanism and three-dimensional (3D) location with respect to the expanding CME. Results. In using a 3D representation of the particle acceleration locations in relation to the overlying coronal magnetic field and the CME propagation, for the first time, we provide evidence that these moving radio bursts originate near the CME flanks and some that are possible signatures of shock-accelerated electrons following the fast CME expansion in the low corona. Conclusions. The moving radio bursts, as well as other stationary bursts observed during the eruption, occur simultaneously with a type IV continuum in dynamic spectra, which is not usually associated with emission at the CME flanks. Our results show that moving radio bursts that could traditionally be classified as moving type IVs can represent shock signatures associated with CME flanks or plasma emission inside the CME behind its flanks, which are closely related to the lateral expansion of the CME in the low corona.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Holographic Map for Cosmological Horizons
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Lowe, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a holographic map between Einstein gravity coupled to matter in a de Sitter background and large N quantum mechanics of a system of spins. Holography maps a spin model with a finite dimensional Hilbert space defined on a version of the stretched horizon into bulk gravitational dynamics. The full Hamiltonian of the spin model contains a non-local piece which generates chaotic dynamics, widely conjectured to be a necessary part of quantum gravity, and a local piece which recovers the perturbative spectrum in the bulk.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Quark State Confinement as a Consequence of the Extension of the Bose--Fermi Recoupling to SU(3) Colour
Creators: name: Joyce, W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bose--Fermi recoupling of particles arising from the $\bZ_{2}$--grading of the irreducible representations of SU(2) is responsible for the Pauli exclusion principle. We demonstrate from fundamental physical assumptions how to extend this to gradings, other than the $\bZ_{2}$ grading, arising from other groups. This requires non--associative recouplings where phase factors arise due to {\it rebracketing} of states. In particular, we consider recouplings for the $\bZ_{3}$--grading of SU(3) colour and demonstrate that all the recouplings graded by triality leading to the Pauli exclusion principle demand quark state confinement. Note that quark state confinement asserts that only ensembles of triality zero are possible, as distinct from spatial confinement where particles are confined to a small region of space by a {\it confining force} such as given by the dynamics of QCD.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Efficient solution of the multi-channel Lüscher determinant condition through eigenvalue decomposition
Creators: name: Woss, Antoni J.
name: Wilson, David J.
name: Dudek, Jozef J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for efficiently finding solutions of Lüscher's quantisation condition, the equation which relates two-particle scattering amplitudes to the discrete spectrum of states in a periodic spatial volume of finite extent such as that present in lattice QCD. The approach proposed is based on an eigenvalue decomposition in the space of coupled-channels and partial-waves, which proves to have several desirable and simplifying features that are of great benefit when considering problems beyond simple elastic scattering of spinless particles. We illustrate the method with a toy model of vector-vector scattering featuring a high density of solutions, and with an application to explicit lattice QCD energy level data describing $J^P=1^-$ and $1^+$ scattering in several coupled channels.
The locally monochromatic approximation to QED in intense laser fields
Creators: name: Heinzl, T.
name: King, B.
name: MacLeod, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an approximation to QED effects in strong background fields which can be employed to improve numerical simulations of laser-particle collisions. Treating the laser as a plane wave of arbitrary intensity, we split the wave into fast (carrier) and slow (envelope) modes. We solve the interaction dynamics exactly for the former while performing a local expansion in the latter. This yields a `locally monochromatic' approximation (LMA), which we compare with exact spectra for nonlinear Compton scattering and nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production, for realistic laser pulse durations. We show that, as an improvement over the commonly used `locally-constant field' approximation, the LMA exactly reproduces the correct low energy behaviour of particle spectra, as well as the position and amplitude of harmonic features.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
The Luminosity Function of IRAS PSCz Galaxies
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Tsutomu T.
name: Yoshikawa, Kohji
name: Ishii, Takako T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimated the luminosity function (LF) of IRAS galaxies in the PSCz catalogue. The faint end of the PSCz LF is slightly steeper than that of the LF derived by Saunders et al. (1990; S90). Using an analytical form for the LF used by S90, we obtain the following parameters: α= 1.23 \pm 0.04, L_*=(8.85 \pm 1.75) \times 10^8 h^{-2} L_\odot, σ=0.724 \pm 0.010, and ϕ_* = (2.34 \pm 0.30) \times 10^{-2} h^3 Mpc^{-3}. We also examined the evolution in the sample by a simple assumption ϕ_*(z) \propto (1+z)^P, and found P=3.40 \pm 0.70. It does not affect the three parameters, α, L_*, and σ, but ϕ_*(z=0) is overestimated up to \sim 15% if we ignore evolution. We estimated the temperature dependence of the LF. The LFs of warm and cool galaxies are quite different: the LF of warm galaxies has a very steep faint end with α=1.37. We also discuss a lump found at the brightest end of the LF.
description: ApJ Letters (part II) in press, 4 pages, 3 figures, using aastex.cls, emulateapj5.sty and apjfonts.sty
An asymptotic intertwining of the undelayed and delayed Fibonacci numbers
Creators: name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11B39 39A12

description: The list of properties of Fibonacci numbers F(n) (with multifaceted relevance in physics) is complemented by an empirical observation that in combination with the "next" family of the "delayed Fibonacci" numbers G(n) called, for convenience, "Gibonacci numbers" here, both sets exhibit certain remarkable and fairly unexpected asymptotic mutual-bracketing properties.
description: 11 pages + 3 tables
Non-Local Gravity Cosmology: an Overview
Creators: name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Bajardi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss some main aspects of theories of gravity containing non-local terms in view of cosmological applications. In particular, we consider various extensions of General Relativity based on geometrical invariants as $f(R, \Box^{-1} R)$, $f({\cal G}, \Box^{-1} {\cal G})$ and $f(T, \Box^{-1} T)$ gravity where $R$ is the Ricci curvature scalar, $\cal G$ is the Gauss-Bonnet topological invariant, $T$ the torsion scalar and the operator $\Box^{-1}$ gives rise to non-locality. After selecting their functional form by using Noether Symmetries, we find out exact solutions in a cosmological background. It is possible to reduce the dynamics of selected models and to find analytic solutions for the equations of motion. As a general feature of the approach, it is possible to address the accelerated expansion of the Hubble flow at various epochs, in particular the dark energy issues, by taking into account non-locality corrections to the gravitational Lagrangian. On the other hand, it is possible to search for gravitational non-local effects also at astrophysical scales. In this perspective, we search for symmetries of $f(R, \Box^{-1} R)$ gravity also in a spherically symmetric background and constrain the free parameters, Specifically, by taking into account the S2 star orbiting around the Galactic Centre SgrA$^*$, it is possible to study how non-locality affects stellar orbits around such a massive self-gravitating object.
description: 43 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D