cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Replication and Nested Transactions in the Eden Distributed System
Creators: name: Pu, Calton
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Computer science

description: Hardware redundancy in distributed systems offers the potential for increased availability and performance, but this requires software support if the full potential is to be realized. We have designed and implemented two mechanisms for such support. The first provides crash-resistant resources, replicated transparently and consistently to increase the availability of distributed data. To update multiple copies despite down nodes, we have introduced the Regeneration method used in the implementation of a replicated system directory. Regeneration restores inaccessible copies elsewhere in the network, maintains the availability of resources, and adapts to configuration changes. The second mechanism is a systell1 supporting nested transactions, which can manage the complex failure modes in a distributed system, synchronize concurrent resource access internal to applications, and facilitate safe module composition. In the tree-structured nesting, each transaction has a Transaction Manager (TM), responsible for the concurrency control and crash recovery of its subtransactions. Many concurrency control and recovery techniques can be combined in this TM Tree design framework. We chose locking and versions for the first implementation. Using Eden objects and the replicated directory, our nested transactions provide consistent concurrent access 10 location-independent, crash- resistant resources. In summary, the principal contributions of this research are the Regeneration method and the TM Tree framework. Regeneration uses the separation of hardware repair from data restoration to increase replicated data availability. TM tree composes existing techniques to derive many difficult designs for nested transaction. Both have been proven in the design and implementation of actual systems.
Depth-First Iterative Deepening: An Optimal Admissible Tree Search
Creators: name: Korf, Richard E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: The complexities of various search algorithms are considered in terms of time, space, and cost of solution path. It is known that breadth-first search requires too much space and depth-first search can use too much time and doesn't always find a cheapest path. A depth-first iterative-deepening algorithm is shown to be asymptotically optimal along all three dimensions for exponential tree searches. The algorithm has been used successfully in chess programs, has been effectively combined with bi-directional search, and has been applied to best-first heuristic search as well. This heuristic depth-first iterative-deepening algorithm is the only known algorithm that is capable of finding optimal solutions to randomly generated instances of the Fifteen Puzzle within practical resource limits.
Colorado water, June 2020
Creators: name: Kallenberger, Julie
name: Millonig, Sarah
name: Pantoja, Emily
name: Colorado Water Center, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to highlighting water research and activities at CSU and throughout Colorado.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Theme: Hydrology Days 2020.
A Survey of Software Fault Tolerance Techniques
Creators: name: Smith, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: This report examines the state of the field of software fault tolerance. Terminology, techniques for building reliable systems, and fault tolerance are discussed. While a scientific consensus on the measurement of software reliability has not been reached, software systems are sufficiently pervasive that “software“ components of larger systems must be reliable, since dependence is placed on them. Fault tolerant systems utilize redundant components to mitigate the effects of component failures, and thus create a system which is more reliable than a single component. This idea can be applied to software systems as well. Several techniques for designing fault tolerant software systems are discussed and assessed qualitatively, where "software fault" refers to what is more commonly known as a bug. The assumptions, relative merits, available experimental results, and implementation experience are discussed for each technique. This leads us to some conclusions about the state of the field.
A method for coupling dynamical and collisional evolution of dust in circumstellar disks: the effect of a dead zone
Creators: name: Charnoz, S.
name: Taillifet, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust is a major component of protoplanetary and debris disks as it is the main observable signature of planetary formation. However, since dust dynamics is size-dependent (because of gas-drag or radiation pressure) any attempt to understand the full dynamical evolution of circumstellar dusty-disks that neglect the coupling of collisional evolution with dynamical evolution is thwarted because of the feedback between these two processes. Here, a new hybrid lagrangian/eulerian code is presented that overcomes some of these difficulties. The particles representing "dust-clouds" are tracked individually in a lagrangian way. This system is then mapped on an eulerian spatial grid, inside the cells of which the local collisional evolutions are computed. Finally, the system is remapped back in a collection of discrete lagrangian particles keeping constant their number. An application example on dust growth in a turbulent protoplanetary disk at 1 AU is presented. First the growth of dust is considered in the absence of a dead-zone and the vertical distribution of dust is self-consistently computed. It is found that the mass is rapidly dominated by particles about a fraction of millimeter in size. Then the same case with an embedded dead-zone is investigated and It is found that coagulation is much more efficient and produces, in a short time scale, 1cm-10cm dust pebbles that dominate the mass. These pebbles may then be accumulated into embryos sized objects inside large-scale turbulent structures as shown recently (see e.g. Johansen et al., 2007).
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Anasillomos Londt 1983, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Londt, Jason G. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1983
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Anasillomos

description: Derivation: Gr. anasillos = bristling hair; omos = shoulder. Refers to the strong bristles found on the lateral extremities of the pronotum and on the propleuron. Type species:  Anasillomos chrysopos spec. nov. by present designation. Presently monotypíc. Diagnosis: Stenopogonine flies with the following combination of characters: Antenna with well-developed microsegment; ﬁrst ﬁagcllomere longer than scape and pedicel combined; propleuron and lateral lobes of pronotum equipped with strong welldeveloped bristles (Fig. 2): palps at least half as long as proboscis; facial swellìng not markedly projecting in dorsal part (Fig. a); Cell m, narrowly open on wing margin; dorsocentral bristles poorly developed anterior of transverse suture.
description: Published as part of Londt, Jason G. H., 1983, The Genus Daspletis Loew, 1858 And The Description Of Two New Genera, Anasillomos And Remotomyia (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae), pp. 283-308 in Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 46 (2) on page 284, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11781
A Holistic Approach to Service Survivability
Creators: name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Parekh, Janak J.
name: Gross, Philip N.
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Misra, Vishal
name: Nieh, Jason
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present SABER (Survivability Architecture: Block, Evade, React), a proposed survivability architecture that blocks, evades and reacts to a variety of attacks by using several security and survivability mechanisms in an automated and coordinated fashion. Contrary to the ad hoc manner in which contemporary survivable systems are built--using isolated, independent security mechanisms such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems and software sandboxes--SABER integrates several different technologies in an attempt to provide a unified framework for responding to the wide range of attacks malicious insiders and outsiders can launch. This coordinated multi-layer approach will be capable of defending against attacks targeted at various levels of the network stack, such as congestion-based DoS attacks, software-based DoS or code-injection attacks, and others. Our fundamental insight is that while multiple lines of defense are useful, most conventional, uncoordinated approaches fail to exploit the full range of available responses to incidents. By coordinating the response, the ability to survive even in the face of successful security breaches increases substantially. We discuss the key components of SABER, how they will be integrated together, and how we can leverage on the promising results of the individual components to improve survivability in a variety of coordinated attack scenarios. SABER is currently in the prototyping stages, with several interesting open research topics.
Stability of prograde and retrograde planets in circular binary systems
Creators: name: Morais, M. H. M.
name: Giuppone, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability of prograde versus retrograde planets in circular binary systems using numerical simulations. We show that retrograde planets are stable up to distances closer to the perturber than prograde planets. We develop an analytical model to compute the prograde and retrograde mean motion resonances' locations and separatrices. We show that instability is due to single resonance forcing, or caused by nearby resonances' overlap. We validate our results regarding the role of single resonances and resonances' overlap on orbit stability, by computing surfaces of section of the CR3BP. We conclude that the observed enhanced stability of retrograde planets with respect to prograde planets is due to essential differences between the phase-space topology of retrograde versus prograde resonances (at p/q mean motion ratio, prograde resonance is of order p - q while retrograde resonance is of order p + q).
description: 13 pages, 10 figures; to appear in MNRAS
Functional Outcomes after Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Creators: name: Deighton, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: mild traumatic brain injury
subject: Pediatric
subject: functional outcomes
subject: post-acute post-concussive symptoms
subject: neuropsychological test performance
subject: Education--Health
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Psychology--Clinical

description: Although most children recover quickly after a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), a sizeable minority suffer negative long-term consequences. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate functional outcomes in children after mild TBI and to examine post-acute post-concussive symptoms (PCS) and neurocognitive test performance as predictors. Children, ages 8 to 16, were recruited (135 with mild TBI and 70 with orthopedic injury). Participants and their parents provided ratings of functioning at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-injury. Although groups differed in functioning shortly after injury, no differences were apparent at 3 or 6 months. Post-acute PCS were significant predictors of parent- and child-reported functioning at 3 and 6 months. Neurocognitive test performance predicted child-reported functioning (but not parent-reported) when considered independently, but did not add incrementally to prediction above PCS. The findings suggest that higher levels of PCS put children at risk for poor functioning after an injury.
Kinetic power of quasars and statistical excess of MOJAVE superluminal motions
Creators: name: Lopez-Corredoira, M.
name: Perucho, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MOJAVE survey contains 101 quasars with a total of 354 observed radio components that are different from the radio cores, among which 95% move with apparent projected superluminal velocities with respect to the core, and 45% have projected velocities larger than 10c (with a maximum velocity 60c). Doppler boosting effects are analyzed to determine the statistics of the superluminal motions. We integrate over all possible values of the Lorentz factor the values of the kinetic energy corresponding to each component. The calculation of the mass in the ejection is carried out by assuming the minimum energy state. This kinetic energy is multiplied by the frequency at which the portions of the jet fluid identified as "blobs" are produced. Hence, we estimate the average total power released by the quasars in the form of kinetic energy in the long term on pc-scales. RESULTS. A selection effect in which both the core and the blobs of the quasar are affected by huge Doppler-boosting enhancement increases the probability of finding a jet ejected within 10 degrees of the line of sight >~40 times above what one would expect for a random distribution of ejection, which explains the ratios of the very high projected velocities given above. The average total kinetic power of each MOJAVE quasar should be very high to obtain this distribution: ~7E47 erg/s. This amount is much higher than previous estimates of kinetic power on kpc-scales based on the analysis of cavities in X-ray gas or radio lobes in samples of objects of much lower radio luminosity but similar black hole masses. The kinetic power is a significant portion of the Eddington luminosity, on the order of the bolometric luminosity, and proportional on average to square root of the radio luminosity, although this correlation might be induced by Malmquist-like bias.
description: Published in A&A; v2: minor changes to fit the published version
Entangled Photon Polarimetry
Creators: name: Altepeter, Joseph B.
name: Oza, Neal N.
name: Medic, Milja
name: Jeffrey, Evan R.
name: Kumar, Prem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an entangled photon polarimeter capable of monitoring a two-qubit quantum state in real time. Using this polarimeter, we record a nine frames-per-second video of a two-photon state's transition from separability to entanglement.
Towards the production of ultracold ground-state RbCs molecules: Feshbach resonances, weakly bound states, and coupled-channel model
Creators: name: Takekoshi, Tetsu
name: Debatin, Markus
name: Rameshan, Raffael
name: Ferlaino, Francesca
name: Grimm, Rudolf
name: Nägerl, Hanns-Christoph
name: Sueur, C. Ruth Le
name: Hutson, Jeremy M.
name: Julienne, Paul S.
name: Kotochigova, Svetlana
name: Tiemann, Eberhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied interspecies scattering in an ultracold mixture of $^{87}$Rb and $^{133}$Cs atoms, both in their lowest-energy spin states. The three-body loss signatures of 30 incoming s- and p-wave magnetic Feshbach resonances over the range 0 to 667 G have been catalogued. Magnetic field modulation spectroscopy was used to observe molecular states bound by up to 2.5 MHz$\times h$. Magnetic moment spectroscopy along the magneto-association pathway from 197 to 182 G gives results consistent with the observed and calculated dependence of the binding energy on magnetic field strength. We have created RbCs Feshbach molecules using two of the resonances. We have set up a coupled-channel model of the interaction and have used direct least-squares fitting to refine its parameters to fit the experimental results from the Feshbach molecules, in addition to the Feshbach resonance positions and the spectroscopic results for deeply bound levels. The final model gives a good description of all the experimental results and predicts a large resonance near 790 G, which may be useful for tuning the interspecies scattering properties. Quantum numbers and vibrational wavefunctions from the model can also be used to choose optimal initial states of Feshbach molecules for their transfer to the rovibronic ground state using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP).
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, submitted to PRA
Group Round Robin: Improving the Fairness and Complexity of Packet Scheduling
Creators: name: Caprita, Bogdan
name: Chan, Wong Chun
name: Nieh, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: We introduce Group Round-Robin (GRR) scheduling, a hybrid scheduling framework based on a novel grouping strategy that narrows down the traditional tradeoff between fairness and computational complexity. GRR combines its grouping strategy with a specialized round-robin scheduling algorithm that utilizes the properties of GRR groups to schedule flows within groups in a manner that provides O(1) bounds on fairness with only O(1) time complexity. Under the practical assumption that GRR employs a small constant number of groups, we apply GRR to popular fair queueing scheduling algorithms and show how GRR can be used to achieve constant bounds on fairness and time complexity for these algorithms.
Colorado water, May/June 2010
Creators: name: Schmidt, Laurie
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the state's research universities.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University. Theme: Student research.
Quantum sphere S^4 as a non-Levi conjugacy class
Creators: name: Mudrov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B10, 17B37, 53D55

description: We construct a U_h(sp(4))-equivariant quantization of the four-dimensional complex sphere S^4 regarded as a conjugacy class, Sp(4)/Sp(2)x Sp(2), of a simple complex group with non-Levi isotropy subgroup, through an operator realization of the quantum polynomial algebra C_h[S^4] on a highest weight module of U_h(sp(4)).
description: 17 pages, no figures
Report on analysis of biographical narratives exploring short- and longterm adaptive behaviour of farmers under various challenges
Creators: name: Coopmans, Isabeau
name: Draganova, Mariana
name: Fowler, Susan
name: Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana
name: Midmore, Peter
name: Mishev, Plamen
name: Nicholas-Davies, Phillipa
name: Petitt, Andrea
name: Prové, Charlotte
name: Senni, Saverio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Resilience over time is achieved across the increasingly fundamental attributes of robustness, adaptability and transformability, representing system responses to short, medium and long-term external drivers, respectively. Analysis of narratives can be used to enable researchers to gain indepth understanding of the rationale surrounding farmer decision making when faced with drivers of change, and how farmers manage critical decision points in their farming businesses. This report assesses personal histories of family farms, and business histories of corporate farms, to identify phases in the separate production, demographic and policy adaptive cycles as they have impacted on the individuals concerned and their business enterprises. Biographical stories were collected from nine to ten narrators (early-, mid- and late-career),in each of five case studies chosen to represent a range of regions and farming systems in Europe. A single question was used to initiate the narrators’ stories, without qualification beforehand, supported only with expressions of interest and encouragement in the first part of the interview, with subsequent exploratory questions devoted to clarifying the internal structure of the narrative.
description: EU; en; contact: pkn@aber.ac.uk
SIMPLEstone: Benchmarking Presence Server Performance
Creators: name: Singh, Vishal
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: Presence is an important enabler for communication in Internet telephony systems. Presence-based services depend on accurate and timely delivery of presence information. Hence, presence systems need to be appropriately dimensioned to meet the growing number of users, varying number of devices as presence sources, the rate at which they update presence information to the network and the rate at which network distributes the user's presence information to the watchers. SIMPLEstone is a set of metrics for benchmarking the performance of presence systems based on SIMPLE. SIMPLEstone benchmarks a presence server by generating requests based on a work load specification. It measures server capacity in terms of request handling capacity as an aggregate of all types of requests as well as individual request types. The benchmark treats different configuration modes in which presence server interoperates with the Session Initiation protocol (SIP) server as one block.
The upgraded data acquisition system for beam loss monitoring at the Fermilab Tevatron and Main Injector
Creators: name: Baumbaugh, A.
name: Briegel, C.
name: Brown, B. C.
name: Capista, D.
name: Drennan, C.
name: Fellenz, B.
name: Knickerbocker, K.
name: Lewis, J. D.
name: Marchionni, A.
name: Needles, C.
name: Olson, M.
name: Pordes, S.
name: Shi, Z.
name: Still, D.
name: Thurman-Keup, R.
name: Utes, M.
name: Wu, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A VME-based data acquisition system for beam-loss monitors has been developed and is in use in the Tevatron and Main Injector accelerators at the Fermilab complex. The need for enhanced beam-loss protection when the Tevatron is operating in collider-mode was the main driving force for the new design. Prior to the implementation of the present system, the beam-loss monitor system was disabled during collider operation and protection of the Tevatron magnets relied on the quench protection system. The new Beam-Loss Monitor system allows appropriate abort logic and thresholds to be set over the full set of collider operating conditions. The system also records a history of beam-loss data prior to a beam-abort event for post-abort analysis. Installation of the Main Injector system occurred in the fall of 2006 and the Tevatron system in the summer of 2007. Both systems were fully operation by the summer of 2008. In this paper we report on the overall system design, provide a description of its normal operation, and show a number of examples of its use in both the Main Injector and Tevatron.
description: 24 pages
The World According To GARP
Creators: name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Campbell, Roy
name: Goering, Steven
name: Hinrichs, Susan
name: Jackels, Brenda
name: Loyall, Joe
name: Kaplan, Simon M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: This technical report consists of two papers describing the GARP concurrent programming system. Garp: Graph Abstractions for Concurrent Programming investigates construction of dynamic process topologies in parallel processing languages. It proposes the use of a graph-grammar based formalism to control the complexities arising from trying to program such dynamic networks. Garp: A Graphical Language for Concurrent Programming describes the GARP system, a programming environment that implements this graph-grammar approach, and gives solutions to example problems in which the topologies of concurrent systems dynamically change.
Approximate String Joins in a Database (Almost) for Free -- Erratum
Creators: name: Gravano, Luis
name: Jagadish, H. V.
name: Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G.
name: Srivastava, Divesh
name: Koudas, Nick
name: Muthukrishnan, S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: In [GIJ+01a, GIJ+01b] we described how to use q-grams in an RDBMS to perform approximate string joins. We also showed how to implement the approximate join using plain SQL queries. Specifically, we described three filters, count filter, position filter, and length filter, which can be used to execute efficiently the approximate join. The intuition behind the count filter was that strings that are similar have many q-grams in common. In particular, two strings s1 and s2 can have up to max max {|s1|, |s2|} + q - 1 common q-grams. When s1 = s2, they have exactly that many q-grams in common. When s1 and s2 are within edit distance k, they share at least (max {|s1|, |s2|} + q - 1) - kq q-grams, since kq is the maximum numbers of q-grams that can be affected by k edit distance operations.
Star formation at z=1.47 from HiZELS: An Hα+[OII] double-blind study
Creators: name: Sobral, David
name: Best, Philip
name: Matsuda, Yuichi
name: Smail, Ian
name: Geach, James
name: Cirasuolo, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the results from the first wide and deep dual narrow-band survey to select H-alpha (Ha) and [OII] line emitters at z=1.47+-0.02 (using matched narrow-band filters in the H and z' bands), exploiting synergies between the UKIRT and Subaru telescopes. The Ha survey at z=1.47 reaches a flux limit of ~7x10^-17 erg/s/cm^2 and detects ~200 Ha emitters over 0.7deg^2, while the much deeper [OII] survey reaches an effective flux of ~7x10^-18 erg/s/cm^2, detecting ~1400 z=1.47 [OII] emitters in a matched co-moving volume of ~2.5x10^5 Mpc^3. The combined survey results in the identification of 190 simultaneous Ha and [OII] emitters at z=1.47. Ha and [OII] luminosity functions are derived and both are shown to evolve significantly from z~0 in a consistent way. The star formation rate density of the Universe at z=1.47 is evaluated, with the Ha analysis yielding 0.16+-0.05 M_sun/yr/Mpc^3 and the [OII] analysis 0.17+-0.04 M_sun/yr/Mpc^3. The measurements are combined with other studies, providing a self-consistent measurement of the star formation history of the Universe over the last ~11Gyrs. By using a large comparison sample at z~0.1 (from the SDSS), [OII]/Ha line ratios are calibrated as probes of dust-extinction. Ha emitters at z~1.47 show on average 1 mag of extinction at Ha, similar to the SDSS sources at z~0. Although we find that dust extinction correlates with SFR, the relation evolves by about ~0.5 mag from z~1.5 to z~0, with z~0 relations over-predicting the dust extinction corrections at high-z by that amount. Stellar mass is found to be a much more fundamental extinction predictor, with the relation between mass and extinction being valid at both z~0 and z~1.5. Dust extinction corrections as a function of optical colours are also derived, offering simpler mechanisms for estimating extinction in moderately star-forming systems over the last ~9Gyrs [Abridged].
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Revised version following the reviewer's report. 21 pages, 23 figures
Nonlinear manifold representations for functional data
Creators: name: Chen, Dong
name: Müller, Hans-Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For functional data lying on an unknown nonlinear low-dimensional space, we study manifold learning and introduce the notions of manifold mean, manifold modes of functional variation and of functional manifold components. These constitute nonlinear representations of functional data that complement classical linear representations such as eigenfunctions and functional principal components. Our manifold learning procedures borrow ideas from existing nonlinear dimension reduction methods, which we modify to address functional data settings. In simulations and applications, we study examples of functional data which lie on a manifold and validate the superior behavior of manifold mean and functional manifold components over traditional cross-sectional mean and functional principal components. We also include consistency proofs for our estimators under certain assumptions.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS936 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Colorado water, January/February 2009
Creators: name: Schmidt, Laurie
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University.
Additional file 2 of Calling for improved quality in the registration of traditional Chinese medicine during the public health emergency: a survey of trial registries for COVID-19, H1N1, and SARS
Creators: name: Kuang, Zhuoran
name: Li, Xiaoyan
name: Cai, Jianxiong
name: Chen, Yaolong
name: Qiu, Xiaoyuan
name: Ni, Xiaojia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Registration quality assessment of TCM CTs by using TRDS-TCM.
MPEC 2023-W151 : 2022 KX37
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2022 KX37

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Atomic-scale characterization of nitrogen-doped graphite: Effects of dopant nitrogen on the local electronic structure of the surrounding carbon atoms
Creators: name: Kondo, Takahiro
name: Casolo, Simone
name: Suzuki, Tetsuya
name: Shikano, Taishi
name: Sakurai, Masataka
name: Harada, Yoshihisa
name: Saito, Makoto
name: Oshima, Masaharu
name: Trioni, Mario Italo
name: Tantardini, Gian Franco
name: Nakamura, Junji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the local atomic and electronic structure of a nitrogen-doped graphite surface by scanning tunnelling microscopy, scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations. The nitrogen-doped graphite was prepared by nitrogen ion bombardment followed by thermal annealing. Two types of nitrogen species were identified at the atomic level: pyridinic-N (N bonded to two C nearest neighbours) and graphitic-N (N bonded to three C nearest neighbours). Distinct electronic states of localized π states were found to appear in the occupied and unoccupied regions near the Fermi level at the carbon atoms around pyridinic-N and graphitic-N species, respectively. The origin of these states is discussed based on the experimental results and theoretical simulations.
description: 6 Pages, with larger figures
The influence of substrate temperature on growth of para-sexiphenyl thin films on Ir{111} supported graphene studied by LEEM
Creators: name: Khokhar, Fawad S.
name: Hlawacek, Gregor
name: van Gastel, Raoul
name: Zandvliet, Harold J. W.
name: Teichert, Christian
name: Poelsema, Bene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth of para-sexiphenyl (6P) thin films as a function of substrate temperature on Ir{111} supported graphene flakes has been studied in real-time with Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM). Micro Low Energy Electron Diffraction (μLEED) has been used to determine the structure of the different 6P features formed on the surface. We observe the nucleation and growth of a wetting layer consisting of lying molecules in the initial stages of growth. Graphene defects -- wrinkles -- are found to be preferential sites for the nucleation of the wetting layer and of the 6P needles that grow on top of the wetting layer in the later stages of deposition. The molecular structure of the wetting layer and needles is found to be similar. As a result, only a limited number of growth directions are observed for the needles. In contrast, on the bare Ir{111} surface 6P molecules assume an upright orientation. The formation of ramified islands is observed on the bare Ir{111} surface at 320 K and 352 K, whereas at 405 K the formation of a continuous layer of upright standing molecules growing in a step flow like manner is observed.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, Revised Version as accepted for publication in Surface Science
Daspletis placodes Londt 1983, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Londt, Jason G. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1983
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Daspletis
Daspletis placodes

description: Daspletis placodes spec. nov. Figs 16-18 Derivation: Gr. plakos — anything ﬁat and wide. Refers to the ﬁat lateral ﬂanges of the fused gonocoxites. Description: Agrees closely with the description of D. hirtur except for the following points: Head: å antenna dark brown except distal half of first ﬂagellomere which is brown-orange. Thorax: Hind 1 or 2 supra-alar bristles of å often dark brown or black (all yellowish in hírtus). Legs: å with legs dark red-brown except for distal tips of femora which are yellow. Q with dark red-brown tibiae and tarsi (tibiae with proximal parts more orange-brown), femora mostly orange-brown but with dorsal parts dark redbrown. Wings: 8,4,— 9,9 mm long: 2,7-3,2 mm wide. Cell cup closed on wing margin. Abdomen: å genitalia as in Figs 16- 18. Fused gonocoxites with laterally projecting shiny apilose ﬂanges. Variation: only minor sexual dimorphism as in hirtus. MATERIAL EXAMINED. SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: 6 ♂ 6♀ (holotype ♂ and paratypes), Soutpan, Soutpansberge, 2229CD, 23- 24. ii. 198 0, J. Londt & L. Schoeman, Bushveld vegetation (NM); 1 ♂ (paratype), Soutparı, Soutpansberge, 1 0. iv. 1 9 79, L. Schoeman (NM); 1 ♂ 1♀ (paratypes), 6 km N of Vivo, 2229CC, 23-24. ii. 198 0, Londt & Schoeman, Bushveld veget. and old lands (NM); 1 ♀ (paratype), SE 2328Aa (nr. Tom Burke), 2 1.xii. 1 9 81, J. v. d. Berg (NM). NM Type No. 2654. Remarks: A species related to both hirtus: and stenoura but easily distinguished on male genital structure. Females are difficult to separate but placodes has dark redbrown tibiae and tarsi.
description: Published as part of Londt, Jason G. H., 1983, The Genus Daspletis Loew, 1858 And The Description Of Two New Genera, Anasillomos And Remotomyia (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae), pp. 283-308 in Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 46 (2) on pages 293-294, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11781
A comparison of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer, myelin volume fraction, and diffusion tensor imaging measures in healthy children
Creators: name: Geeraert, Bryce L.
name: Lebel, Robert Marc
name: Mah, Alyssa C.
name: Deoni, Sean C. L.
name: Alsop, David C.
name: Varma, Gopal
name: Lebel, Catherine A.
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2017

description: Sensitive and specific biomarkers of myelin can help define baseline brain health and development, identify and monitor disease pathology, and evaluate response to treatment where myelin content is affected. Diffusion measures such as radial diffusivity (RD) are commonly used to assess myelin content, but are not specific to myelin. Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) and multicomponent driven equilibrium single-pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) offer quantitative parameters (qihMT and myelin volume fraction/VFm, respectively) which are suggested to have improved sensitivity to myelin. We compared RD, qihMT, and VFm in a cohort of 23 healthy children aged 8-13 years to evaluate the similarities and differences across these measures. All 3 measures were significantly related across brain voxels, but VFm and qihMT were significantly more strongly correlated (qihMT-VFm r = 0.89) than either measure was with RD (RD-qihMT r = -0.66, RD-VFm r = -0.74; all p < 0.001). Mean parameters differed in several regions, especially in subcortical gray matter. These differences can likely be explained by unique sensitivities of each measure to non-myelin factors, such as crossing fiber geometry, axonal packing, fiber orientation, glial density, or magnetization transfer effects in a voxel. We also observed an orientation dependence of qihMT in white matter, such that qihMT decreased as fiber orientation went from parallel to perpendicular to B0. All measures appear to be sensitive to myelin content, though qihMT and VFm appear to be more specific to it than RD. Scan time, noise tolerance, and resolution requirements may inform researchers of the appropriate measure to choose for a specific application.
Investigation of differences in students' mathematical performance on timss 2003
Creators: name: Wang, Zhaoyun
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 158-167
description: The main purpose of this quantitative study is to investigate the nature and quality of the mathematics test items and relationship to the basic mathematics concepts, application and problem-solving knowledge of eighth graders based on TIMSS 2003 in order to gain understanding of the differences in performances of students in countries that ranked high in comparison to those that did not. Data were obtained from published TIMSS reports of test items and scores. Statistical analyses were conducted to answer the research questions. The findings indicate some problems with the students' achievement and imply concerns about the students' mathematics development, their teachers' mathematics knowledge, and their countries' mathematics curriculum standards. A Confucian educational theoretical perspective was used to interpret mathematics content, teaching and learning and the differences in performances between the East Asian countries that performed the best on TIMSS and Western countries that use other theoretical perspectives such as constructivism.
Quadratic PT-symmetric operators with real spectrum and similarity to self-adjoint operators
Creators: name: Caliceti, Emanuela
name: Graffi, Sandro
name: Hitrik, Michael
name: Sjoestrand, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47A10, 35P05, 15A63, 53D22

description: It is established that a PT-symmetric elliptic quadratic differential operator with real spectrum is similar to a self-adjoint operator precisely when the associated fundamental matrix has no Jordan blocks.
description: In the revised version, the main result of the paper has been extended, to treat the case of a more general parity operator. An example of an elliptic quadratic PT-symmetric operator has also been added
Retrieval of depth profile of nano scale thin films by one directional polarization analysis in neutron specular reflectometry
Creators: name: Masoudi, S. Farhad
name: Jahromi, Saeed S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it has been shown that the modules and phase of complex reflection coefficient can be determined by using a magnetic substrate and polarized neutrons. Several other methods have also been worked out based on measurement of polarizations of reflected neutrons from magnetic reference layers and magnetic substrate. However, due to the fact that available reflectometers are limited in the choice of polarization of reflected beam in the same direction as the polarization of the incident beam, neither of the methods which are based on polarization analysis, has been proven to be experimentally practical. In this paper, we have proposed a new method for determining the phase of reflection coefficient which is based on two measurements of polarization which correspond to two magnetic fields with the same magnitudes and different orientations. The polarization analysis is performed in the same direction as the polarization of the incident beam and is well suited for available reflectometers. The problems envisaged in implementation of the method are also discussed.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
A Practical Course in Software Design
Creators: name: Smith, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: In practical disciplines, "Those who can, do. Those who can‘t, teach." and you "Learn by doing". Our presentation of an undergraduate semester course in Software Design, "Software Design Laboratory", has the spirit of the second adage and attempts to refute the first. In our description of the course, we focus on the relationship between the different programming assignments, and the role of these assignments in developing the student's capabilities, rather than on management, group structure, or formal techniques. We argue that a laboratory course is as essential to Computer Science as it is lo Physics or Chemistry.
A note on the off-diagonal Muckenhoupt-Wheeden conjecture
Creators: name: Cruz-Uribe, David
name: Martell, José María
name: Pérez, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20, 42B25

description: We obtain the off-diagonal Muckenhoupt-Wheeden conjecture for Calderón-Zygmund operators. Namely, given $1
Broken barrier : mobility, political unionism and economic informality in India
Creators: name: Park, Thea Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Economic informality is often treated as defining a segregated, leeching, anti-systemic and apolitical sphere of an economic system. While an estimate 2.8 times the combined total populations of Canada and the United States comprise the informal labour population of India, the visibility of the workers involved is largely obstructed by a combination of natural and forced anonymity. Political unionism is shown as an imperfect instrument to respond to the varied interests of union members in addition to falling under criticism as a privileged process for an elitist, minority section of the working class in India. One of two labour unions recognized as clearly outside political associations is the Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), through which the voice, struggle and intense productivity of workers dubbed part of the informal economic sphere has been brought to the attention of domestic and international policy initiatives. In an analysis of studies engaging with the organized bidi workers of Gujarat and the history of political unionism in India, we see that the barrier between formal and informal is quite firmly an inaccurate product of our analysis. While individual agency in India should be supported and targeted for improvement by international labour laws, conventions and organizations, there needs to be a realization that protection from exploitation is necessary yet blind incorporation of the informal into the formal is not the logical conclusion for sustainable development practices.
Colorado water, October 1992
Creators: name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
On stochastic automata over monoids
Creators: name: Cakir, Merve Nur
name: Zimmermann, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Stochastic automaton
subject: monoid
subject: formal language
subject: 510: Mathematik

description: Stochastic automata over monoids as input sets are studied. The well-definedness of these automata requires an extension postulate that replaces the inherent universal property of free monoids. As a generalization of Turakainen's result, it will be shown that the generalized automata over monoids have the same acceptance power as their stochastic counterparts. The key to homomorphisms is a commuting property between the monoid homomorphism of input states and the monoid homomorphism of transition matrices. Closure properties of the languages accepted by stochastic automata over monoids are investigated. matrices. Closure properties of the languages accepted by stochastic automata over monoids are investigated.
Gauging the Contribution of X-ray Sources to Reionization Through the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
Creators: name: Visbal, Eli
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect from instruments such as the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) will soon put improved constraints on reionization. Popular models assume that UV photons alone are responsible for reionization of the intergalactic medium. We explore the effects of a significant contribution of X-rays to reionization on the kSZ signal. Because X-rays have a large mean free path through the neutral intergalactic medium, they introduce partial ionization in between the sharp-edged bubbles created by UV photons. This smooth ionization component changes the power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies. We quantify this effect by running semi-numerical simulations of reionization. We test a number of different models of reionization without X-rays that have varying physical parameters, but which are constrained to have similar total optical depths to electron scattering. These are then compared to models with varying levels of contribution to reionization from X-rays. We find that models with more than a 10% contribution from X-rays produce a significantly lower power spectrum of temperature anisotropies than all the UV-only models tested. The expected sensitivity of SPT and ACT may be insufficient to distinguish between our models, however, a non-detection of the kSZ signal from the epoch of reionization could result from the contribution of X-rays. It will be important for future missions with improved sensitivity to consider the impact of X-ray sources on reionization.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, modified to reflect updated SPT error bars, submitted to JCAP