Capsicum annuum L.
Creators: name: McQuate, Grant T.
name: Liquido, Nicanor J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Capsicum
Capsicum annuum

description: Capsicum annuum L.   
GRIN Nomen number: 8904  
 Family: Solanaceae   
 Common Name: aji (Spanish), American bird pepper(English), bell pepper (English), bird pepper (English), capsicum pepper (English), Cayenne pepper (English), Cayennepfeffer (German), cherry pepper (English), chile (Spanish), chile pequin (Spanish), chili pepper (English), chilipiquin (Spanish), chiltepe (Spanish), chiltepin (Spanish), cone pepper (English), Gemüsepaprika (German), gochu (Transcribed Korean), green capsicum (English-Australia), green pepper (English), guindilla (Spanish), jalapeno (Spanish), la liao (Transcribed Chinese), long pepper (English), paprika (English), pasilla (Spanish), peperone (Italian), piment annuel (French), piment doux (French), pimentão (Portuguese), pimento pepper (English), pimiento (Spanish), piquin (Spanish), poblano (Spanish), poivre de Cayenne (French), poivre d’Espagne (French), poivron (French), poivron doux (French), red capsicum (English), red cone pepper (English), red pepper (English), Serrano (Spanish), spanischer Pfeffer (German), sweet pepper (English), t -gara-shi (Japanese R maji), turkey pepper (English).   
 Native: NORTHERN AMERICA - Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Florida, eastern Georgia, Louisiana; South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas; Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - southern Arizona; Mexico; SOUTHERN AMERICA - Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Caribbean: Anguilla; Bahamas; Barbados; Cayman Islands; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Netherlands Antilles; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Western South America: Colombia.   
 Naturalized: naturalized elsewhere.   
 Cultivated: widely cultivated.   
 Field Infestation: Allwood et al. 1999: From fruit collections in Peninsular Malaysia (1986 to 1988) and in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Thailand (1990 to 1994) B. latifrons was recovered from 123 samples. No infestation rate data given.   
 Clarke et al. 2001: From 1986 to 1994, a total of 27.8 kg of infested fruits was collected from four regions of Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Bangkok and Songkhla). Collected fruits had infestation rates of 49.0, 30.3, 157.9 and 43.6 B. latifrons per kg of infested fruits, respectively. Flies identified by either R.A.I. Drew or D.L. Hancock.   
 Harris et al. 2001: From July 1992, a total of 15 “green bell pepper” fruits was collected from Kekaha on the island of Kauai. A total of 9 B. latifrons puparia was recovered.   
 Liquido et al. 1994: From July 1990 to October 1992, a total of 5,066 fruits (26.4 kg) on-shrub was collected on Hawaii Island. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered from 9 of 71 collections (12.7%) with an overall infestation rate of 300.9 B. latifrons per kg of fruit. 1,231 total fruits (5.82 kg) on-ground was also collected. Bactrocera latifrons was recovered in 4 of 22 collections (18.2%) with an overall infestation rate of 139.1 B. latifrons per kg of fruit.   
 PestID 2011: Bactrocera latifrons was recovered by USDA-APHIS-PPQ (“interceptions”) from C. annuum at airports in Hawaii on 12 occasions (Hilo – 1; Honolulu – 7; Kahului – 3; Kailua-Kona-1) between 1985 and 2004. Average recovery was 6.8 living immature (larvae), 0.25 living puparia, and 1.08 living adults.   
 Shimizu et al. 2007 (Capsicum annuum L.): From May 1999 to July 2004, a total of 10,778 fruits (common name listed as: ‘red pepper’) was collected from Yonaguni Island, Japan from which a total of 3 B. latifrons was recovered.   
 Takeishi 1992: 313 fruits, confiscated at Narita Airport (Tokyo, Japan) from airline passengers from Thailand, were infested with B. latifrons.   
 Vargas and Nishida 1985a: From April to August 1984, a total of 847 fruits was collected from 7 locations on Oahu, Hawaii, with the recovery of 180 B. latifrons puparia.   
 Vargas and Nishida 1985b: B. latifrons adults used in laboratory studies were reared from infested peppers collected at Pearl City, Oahu.   
 Vargas et al. 1990: A B. latifrons colony was established in the laboratory from infested peppers (C. annuum L.) collected in Pearl City in 1984.   
 Lab Infestation: Follett et al. 2009: Two – three ‘Anaheim’ peppers were exposed in a cage to 50 gravid female B. latifrons and replicated 12 times, exposing a total of 27 fruits (1.83 kg), overall. Average infestation per replication was 720 B. latifrons per kg of fruit.   
 McQuate 2009 (variety ‘Anaheim’): Plants were held in field cages to which 75 male and 75 female sexually mature adult B. latifrons were added. Based on control plant data and data from treatment plants (bait spray trial) before the bait spray was applied, a total of 404 fruits (9.16 kg) was harvested from a total of twelve fruit collections, each collection with infested fruits. A total of 3,763 B. latifrons pupae was recovered, for an average infestation rate of 451.4 pupae per kg fruit, averaged over the 12 collections.   
 Vargas and Nishida 1985a: Life history and demographic parameters of B. latifrons was determined using B. latifrons individuals reared in the laboratory on pepper, Capsicum annuum L.   
 Listing Only: Bokonon-Ganta et al. 2007; CAB International 1996; Harris 1989; Hawaii Department of Agriculture 2009; Meksongsee et al. 1991 (“chilli”); Mwatawala et al. 2007; Vargas and Nishida 1985b; Vargas and Nishida 1991; Vargas et al. 1990; Vijaysegaran 1991; Vijaysegaran and Osman 1991; White and Elson-Harris 1992; Yong 1993; Yunus and Ho 1980.
description: Published as part of McQuate, Grant T. & Liquido, Nicanor J., 2013, Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pp. 1-61 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (289) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175793