cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Learning activation functions from data using cubic spline interpolation
Creators: name: Scardapane, Simone
name: Scarpiniti, Michele
name: Comminiello, Danilo
name: Uncini, Aurelio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural networks require a careful design in order to perform properly on a given task. In particular, selecting a good activation function (possibly in a data-dependent fashion) is a crucial step, which remains an open problem in the research community. Despite a large amount of investigations, most current implementations simply select one fixed function from a small set of candidates, which is not adapted during training, and is shared among all neurons throughout the different layers. However, neither two of these assumptions can be supposed optimal in practice. In this paper, we present a principled way to have data-dependent adaptation of the activation functions, which is performed independently for each neuron. This is achieved by leveraging over past and present advances on cubic spline interpolation, allowing for local adaptation of the functions around their regions of use. The resulting algorithm is relatively cheap to implement, and overfitting is counterbalanced by the inclusion of a novel damping criterion, which penalizes unwanted oscillations from a predefined shape. Experimental results validate the proposal over two well-known benchmarks.
description: Submitted to the 27th Italian Workshop on Neural Networks (WIRN 2017)
Bond Graph Modelling of Chemoelectrical Energy Transduction
Creators: name: Gawthrop, Peter J.
name: Siekmann, Ivo
name: Kameneva, Tatiana
name: Saha, Susmita
name: Ibbotson, Michael R.
name: Crampin, Edmund J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy-based bond graph modelling of biomolecular systems is extended to include chemoelectrical trans- duction thus enabling integrated thermodynamically-compliant modelling of chemoelectrical systems in general and excitable membranes in particular. Our general approach is illustrated by recreating a well-known model of an excitable membrane. This model is used to investigate the energy consumed during a membrane action potential thus contributing to the current debate on the trade-off between the speed of an action potential event and energy consumption. The influx of Na+ is often taken as a proxy for energy consumption; in contrast, this paper presents an energy based model of action potentials. As the energy based approach avoids the assumptions underlying the proxy approach it can be directly used to compute energy consumption in both healthy and diseased neurons. These results are illustrated by comparing the energy consumption of healthy and degenerative retinal ganglion cells using both simulated and in vitro data.
Examining reporting bias in clinical trial registrations and their respective publications using randomized controlled trials from two large network meta-analyses
Creators: name: Tricco, Andrea
name: Lachance, Chantelle
name: Wong, Eric
name: Page, Matthew
name: Watt, Jennifer
name: Veroniki, Areti
name: straus, sharon
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adverse events
subject: Clinical Trials
subject: Databases
subject: Editorial policies
subject: Endpoint determination/standards
subject: Guideline compliance
subject: Publication bias
subject: Publishing/standards
subject: Randomized controlled trials
subject: Registration
subject: Registries
subject: Reporting
subject: Serious Adverse Events
subject: Transparency
subject: Treatment outcome

description: Protocol Registration Form
The Role of Short-Range Order and Hyperuniformity in the Formation of Band Gaps in Disordered Photonic Materials
Creators: name: Froufe-Pérez, Luis S.
name: Engel, Michael
name: Damasceno, Pablo F.
name: Muller, Nicolas
name: Haberko, Jakub
name: Glotzer, Sharon C.
name: Scheffold, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study photonic band gap formation in two-dimensional high refractive index disordered materials where the dielectric structure is derived from packing disks in real and reciprocal space. Numerical calculations of the photonic density of states demonstrate the presence of a band gap for all polarizations in both cases. We find that the band gap width is controlled by the increase in positional correlation inducing short-range order and hyperuniformity concurrently. Our findings suggest that the optimization of short-range order, in particular the tailoring of Bragg scattering at the isotropic Brillouin zone, are of key importance for designing disordered PBG materials.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
Creators: name: Piparo, Nicoló Lo
name: Razavi, Mohsen
name: Munro, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Memory-assisted measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MA-MDI-QKD) has recently been proposed as a possible intermediate step towards the realization of quantum repeaters. Despite its relaxing some of the requirements on quantum memories, the choice of memory in relation to the layout of the setup and the protocol has a stark effect on our ability to beat existing no-memory systems. Here, we investigate the suitability of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers, as quantum memories, in MA-MDI-QKD. We particularly show that moderate cavity enhancement is required for NV centers if we want to outperform no-memory QKD systems. Using system parameters mostly achievable by today's state of the art, we then anticipate some total key rate advantage in the distance range between 300 km and 500 km for cavity-enhanced NV centers. Our analysis accounts for major sources of error including the dark current, the channel loss, and the decoherence of the quantum memories.
Intermediate disorder directed polymers and the multi-layer extension of the stochastic heat equation
Creators: name: Corwin, Ivan
name: Nica, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60F05, 82C05

description: We consider directed polymer models involving multiple non-intersecting random walks moving through a space-time disordered environment in one spatial dimension. For a single random walk, Alberts, Khanin and Quastel proved that under intermediate disorder scaling (in which time and space are scaled diffusively, and the strength of the environment is scaled to zero in a critical manner) the polymer partition function converges to the solution to the stochastic heat equation with multiplicative white noise. In this paper we prove the analogous result for multiple non-intersecting random walks started and ended grouped together. The limiting object now is the multi-layer extension of the stochastic heat equation introduced by O'Connell and Warren.
description: 50 pages, 2 figures
Squish: Near-Optimal Compression for Archival of Relational Datasets
Creators: name: Gao, Yihan
name: Parameswaran, Aditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Relational datasets are being generated at an alarmingly rapid rate across organizations and industries. Compressing these datasets could significantly reduce storage and archival costs. Traditional compression algorithms, e.g., gzip, are suboptimal for compressing relational datasets since they ignore the table structure and relationships between attributes. We study compression algorithms that leverage the relational structure to compress datasets to a much greater extent. We develop Squish, a system that uses a combination of Bayesian Networks and Arithmetic Coding to capture multiple kinds of dependencies among attributes and achieve near-entropy compression rate. Squish also supports user-defined attributes: users can instantiate new data types by simply implementing five functions for a new class interface. We prove the asymptotic optimality of our compression algorithm and conduct experiments to show the effectiveness of our system: Squish achieves a reduction of over 50\% in storage size relative to systems developed in prior work on a variety of real datasets.
Rigidity of quantum steering and one-sided device-independent verifiable quantum computation
Creators: name: Gheorghiu, Alexandru
name: Wallden, Petros
name: Kashefi, Elham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between correlations and entanglement has played a major role in understanding quantum theory since the work of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (1935). Tsirelson (1980) proved that Bell states, shared among two parties, when measured suitably, achieve the maximum non-local correlations allowed by quantum mechanics. Conversely, Reichardt, Unger and Vazirani (2013) showed that observing the maximal correlation value over a sequence of repeated measurements, implies that the underlying quantum state is close to a tensor product of maximally entangled states and, moreover, that it is measured according to an ideal strategy. However, this strong rigidity result comes at a high price, requiring a large number of entangled pairs to be tested. In this paper, we present a significant improvement in terms of the overhead by instead considering quantum steering where the device of the one side is trusted. We first demonstrate a robust one-sided device-independent version of self-testing, which characterises the shared state and measurement operators of two parties up to a certain bound. We show that this bound is optimal up to constant factors and we generalise the results for the most general attacks. This leads us to a rigidity theorem for maximal steering correlations. As a key application we give a one-sided device-independent protocol for verifiable delegated quantum computation, and compare it to other existing protocols, to highlight the cost of trust assumptions. Finally, we show that under reasonable assumptions, the states shared in order to run a certain type of verification protocol must be unitarily equivalent to perfect Bell states.
description: Journal version. We acknowledge discussions with Matty J Hoban on his and Ivan \v{S}upi\'c's independent work on self-testing using quantum steering, arXiv:1601.01552
Topological Fukaya category and mirror symmetry for punctured surfaces
Creators: name: Pascaleff, James
name: Sibilla, Nicolò
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E30, 53D37

description: In this paper we establish a version of homological mirror symmetry for punctured Riemann surfaces. Following a proposal of Kontsevich we model A-branes on a punctured surface $Σ$ via the topological Fukaya category. We prove that the topological Fukaya category of $Σ$ is equivalent to the category of matrix factorizations of the mirror LG model $(X,W)$. Along the way we establish new gluing results for the topological Fukaya category of punctured surfaces which might be of independent interest.
description: 45 pages, 7 figures. v4: revised remarks on partially wrapped cases
Unity-Efficiency Parametric Down-Conversion via Amplitude Amplification
Creators: name: Niu, Murphy Yuezhen
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Wong, Franco N. C.
name: Shapiro, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an optical scheme, employing optical parametric down-converters interlaced with nonlinear sign gates (NSGs), that completely converts an $n$-photon Fock-state pump to $n$ signal-idler photon pairs when the down-converters' crystal lengths are chosen appropriately. The proof of this assertion relies on amplitude amplification, analogous to that employed in Grover search, applied to the full quantum dynamics of single-mode parametric down-conversion. When we require that all Grover iterations use the same crystal, and account for potential experimental limitations on crystal-length precision, our optimized conversion efficiencies reach unity for $1\le n \le 5$, after which they decrease monotonically for $n$ values up to 50, which is the upper limit of our numerical dynamics evaluations. Nevertheless, our conversion efficiencies remain higher than those for a conventional (no NSGs) down-converter.
Entanglement harvesting from the electromagnetic vacuum with hydrogenlike atoms
Creators: name: Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro
name: Martin-Martinez, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how two fully-featured hydrogenlike atoms harvest entanglement from the electromagnetic field vacuum, even when the atoms are spacelike separated. We compare the electromagnetic case ---qualitatively and quantitatively--- with previous results that used scalar fields and featureless, idealized atomic models. Our study reveals the new traits that emerge when we relax these idealizations, such as anisotropies in entanglement harvesting and the effect of exchange of angular momentum. We show that, under certain circumstances, relaxing previous idealizations makes vacuum entanglement harvesting more efficient.
description: 28 pages (12 pages manuscript + 16 pages of appendices), 6 figures. RevTeX 4.1. V4: A few minor typos corrected
Anticommutative extension of the Adler map
Creators: name: Konstantinou-Rizos, Sotiris
name: Mikhailov, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a noncommutative (Grassmann) extension of the well known Adler Yang-Baxter map. It satisfies the Yang-Baxter equation, it is reversible and birational. Our extension preserves all the properties of the original map except the involutivity.
description: Revised version: Small paragraph added to the introduction, and some other minor changes
Kondo phase diagram of quark matter
Creators: name: Yasui, Shigehiro
name: Suzuki, Kei
name: Itakura, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the ground state of a quark matter containing heavy quarks as impurities in a simple model which exhibits the QCD Kondo effect. The model includes a current-current interaction with the color exchange between a light quark ($ψ$) and a heavy quark ($Ψ$). We introduce a gap function $Δ\sim \langle \bar ψΨ\rangle $ which represents the correlation between $ψ$ and $Ψ$, and perform the mean-field approximation assuming that heavy quarks are uniformly distributed. Values of the gap $Δ$ measure the strength of mixing between $ψ$ and $Ψ$. The gap equation obtained from the minimum of the thermodynamical potential together with the condition for the heavy-quark number conservation turns out to allow for nonzero values of the gap as the most stable state. We draw a phase diagram in $μ$ (the light-quark chemical potential) and $λ$ (an analog of the heavy-quark chemical potential) plane, and identify the region where the QCD Kondo effect occurs.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Factorisation of germ-like series
Creators: name: L'Innocente, Sonia
name: Mantova, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 13F25, secondary 03E10, 12J15, 06F25

description: A classical tool in the study of real closed fields are the fields $K((G))$ of generalised power series (i.e., formal sums with well-ordered support) with coefficients in a field $K$ of characteristic 0 and exponents in an ordered abelian group $G$. A fundamental result of Berarducci ensures the existence of irreducible series in the subring $K((G^{\leq 0}))$ of $K((G))$ consisting of the generalised power series with non-positive exponents. It is an open question whether the factorisations of a series in such subring have common refinements, and whether the factorisation becomes unique after taking the quotient by the ideal generated by the non-constant monomials. In this paper, we provide a new class of irreducibles and prove some further cases of uniqueness of the factorisation.
description: 11 pages; minor corrections and numbering changes; to appear in J. Log. Anal
Carrier Phase Estimation in Dispersion-Unmanaged Optical Transmission Systems
Creators: name: Xu, Tianhua
name: Bayvel, Polina
name: Liu, Tiegen
name: Zhang, Yimo
name: Jacobsen, Gunnar
name: Li, Jie
name: Popov, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: C.2.5
subject: 94A12

description: The study on carrier phase estimation (CPE) approaches, involving a one-tap normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm, a block-wise average algorithm, and a Viterbi-Viterbi algorithm has been carried out in the long-haul high-capacity dispersion-unmanaged coherent optical systems. The close-form expressions and analytical predictions for bit-error-rate behaviors in these CPE methods have been analyzed by considering both the laser phase noise and the equalization enhanced phase noise. It is found that the Viterbi-Viterbi algorithm outperforms the one-tap NLMS and the block-wise average algorithms for a small phase noise variance (or effective phase noise variance), while the three CPE methods converge to a similar performance for a large phase noise variance (or effective phase noise variance). In addition, the differences between the three CPE approaches become smaller for higher-level modulation formats.
Inductive supervised quantum learning
Creators: name: Monràs, Alex
name: Sentís, Gael
name: Wittek, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In supervised learning, an inductive learning algorithm extracts general rules from observed training instances, then the rules are applied to test instances. We show that this splitting of training and application arises naturally, in the classical setting, from a simple independence requirement with a physical interpretation of being non-signalling. Thus, two seemingly different definitions of inductive learning happen to coincide. This follows from the properties of classical information that break down in the quantum setup. We prove a quantum de Finetti theorem for quantum channels, which shows that in the quantum case, the equivalence holds in the asymptotic setting, that is, for large number of test instances. This reveals a natural analogy between classical learning protocols and their quantum counterparts, justifying a similar treatment, and allowing to inquire about standard elements in computational learning theory, such as structural risk minimization and sample complexity.
description: 6+10 pages
Robust Zero Energy Bound States Localized at Magnetic Impurities in Iron-based Superconductors
Creators: name: Seo, Kangjun
name: Sau, Jay D.
name: Tewari, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of spin-orbit coupling on the in-gap bound states localized at magnetic impurities in multi-band superconductors with unconventional (sign-changed) and conventional (sign-unchanged) $s$-wave pairing symmetry, which may be relevant to iron-based superconductors. Without spin-orbit coupling, for spin-singlet superconductors it is known that such bound states cross zero energy at a critical value of the impurity scattering strength and acquire a finite spin-polarization. Moreover, the degenerate, spin-polarized, zero energy bound states are unstable to applied Zeeman fields as well as deviation of the impurity scattering strength away from criticality. Using a T-matrix formalism as well as analytical arguments, we show that, in the presence of spin-orbit coupling, the zero-energy bound states localized at magnetic impurities in unconventional, sign-changed, $s$-wave superconductors acquire surprising robustness to applied Zeeman fields and variation in the impurity scattering strength, an effect which is absent in the conventional, sign-unchanged, $s$-wave superconductors. Given that the iron-based multi-band superconductors may possess a substantial spin-orbit coupling as seen in recent experiments, our results may provide one possible explanation to the recent observation of surprisingly robust zero bias scanning tunneling microscope peaks localized at magnetic impurities in iron-based superconductors provided the order parameter symmetry is sign changing $s_{+-}$-wave.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Momentum Maps and Stochastic Clebsch Action Principles
Creators: name: Cruzeiro, A. B.
name: Holm, D. D.
name: Ratiu, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70H30, 58E30, 58J65, 35Q35, 76M35, 60H30

description: We derive stochastic differential equations whose solutions follow the flow of a stochastic nonlinear Lie algebra operation on a configuration manifold. For this purpose, we develop a stochastic Clebsch action principle, in which the noise couples to the phase space variables through a momentum map. This special coupling simplifies the structure of the resulting stochastic Hamilton equations for the momentum map. In particular, these stochastic Hamilton equations collectivize for Hamiltonians that depend only on the momentum map variable. The Stratonovich equations are derived from the Clebsch variational principle and then converted into Itô form. In comparing the Stratonovich and Itô forms of the stochastic dynamical equations governing the components of the momentum map, we find that the Itô contraction term turns out to be a double Poisson bracket. Finally, we present the stochastic Hamiltonian formulation of the collectivized momentum map dynamics and derive the corresponding Kolmogorov forward and backward equations.
description: Final version, see https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-017-3048-x
Supercongruences involving dual sequences
Creators: name: Sun, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A07, 11B65, 05A10, 05A19, 11B68, 11B75

description: In this paper we study some sophisticated supercongruences involving dual sequences. For $n=0,1,2,\ldots$ define $$d_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom nk\binom xk2^k$$ and $$s_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom nk\binom xk\binom{x+k}k=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom nk(-1)^k\binom xk\binom{-1-x}k.$$ For any odd prime $p$ and $p$-adic integer $x$, we determine $\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(\pm1)^kd_k(x)^2$ and $\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(2k+1)d_k(x)^2$ modulo $p^2$; for example, we establish the new $p$-adic congruence $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(-1)^kd_k(x)^2\equiv(-1)^{\langle x\rangle_p}\pmod{p^2},$$ where $\langle x\rangle_p$ denotes the least nonnegative integer $r$ with $x\equiv r\pmod p$. For any prime $p>3$ and $p$-adic integer $x$, we determine $\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}s_k(x)^2$ modulo $p^2$ (or $p^3$ if $x\in\{0,\ldots,p-1\}$), and show that $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(2k+1)s_k(x)^2\equiv0\pmod{p^2}.$$ We also pose several related conjectures.
description: 35 pages, final published version
Conformal reference frames for Lorentzian manifolds
Creators: name: Maresin, Innocenti V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B30, 32L25, 53D25, 83C60

description: We define a conformal reference frame, i.e., a special projection of the six-dimensional sky bundle of a Lorentzian manifold (or the five-dimensional twistor space) to a three-dimensional manifold. We construct an example, a conformal compactification, for Minkowski space. Based on the complex structure on the skies, we define the celestial transform of Lorentzian vectors, a kind of spinor correspondence. We express a 1-form generating the contact structure explicitly as a (line bundle)-valued form. We prove a theorem on the projection of this 1-form to the fiberwise normal bundle of a reference frame; its corollary is an equation for the flow of time. The Appendix is less mathematical than the main body and discusses the causal relation in context of the FLRW cosmology and its natural conformal reference frame.
description: improved English; text closer to the (anticipated) journal version in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 191(2): 682-691 (2017)
Covers, envelopes, and cotorsion theories in locally presentable abelian categories and contramodule categories
Creators: name: Positselski, Leonid
name: Rosicky, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove general results about completeness of cotorsion theories and existence of covers and envelopes in locally presentable abelian categories, extending the well-established theory for module categories and Grothendieck categories. These results are then applied to the categories of contramodules over topological rings, which provide examples and counterexamples.
description: 45 pages; v.2: several misprints corrected, references updated -- this is intended as the final version
Vortices in stratified protoplanetary disks : From baroclinic instability to vortex layers
Creators: name: Barge, P.
name: Richard, S.
name: Dizes, S. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale vortices could play a key role in the evolution of protoplanetary disks, particularly in the dead-zone where no turbulence associated with magnetic field is expected. Their possible formation by the subcritical baroclinic instability is a complex issue due to the vertical structure of the disk and to the elliptical instability.} {In two-dimensional disks the baroclinic instability is studied as a function of the thermal transfer efficiency. In three-dimensional disks we explore the importance of radial and vertical stratification on the processes of vortex formation and amplification.} {Numerical simulations are performed using a fully compressible hydrodynamical code based on a second order finite volume method. We assume a perfect gas law in inviscid disk models in which heat transfer is due to either relaxation or diffusion.} {In 2D, the baroclinic instability with thermal relaxation leads to the formation of large-scale vortices, which are unstable with respect to the elliptic instability. In the presence of heat diffusion, hollow vortices are formed which evolve into vortical structures with a turbulent core. In 3D, the disk stratification is found to be unstable in a finite layer which can include the mid-plane or not. When the unstable layer contains the mid-plane, the 3D baroclinic instability with thermal relaxation is found to develop first in the unstable layer as in 2D, producing large-scale vortices. These vortices are then stretched out in the stable layer, creating long-lived columnar vortical structures extending through the height of the disk. They are also found to be the source of internal vortex layers that develop across the whole disk along baroclinic critical layer surfaces, and form new vortices in the upper region of the disk.} {In three-dimensional disks, vortices can survive for a very long time if the production of vorticity by...
description: One additional paragraph and references. Three additional figures. Accepted in A&A
Representation stability for the cohomology of arrangements associated to root systems
Creators: name: Bibby, Christin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: From a root system, one may consider the arrangement of reflecting hyperplanes, as well as its toric and elliptic analogues. The corresponding Weyl group acts on the complement of the arrangement and hence on its cohomology. We consider a sequence of linear, toric, or elliptic arrangements which arise from a family of root systems of type A, B, C, or D, and we show that the rational cohomology stabilizes as a sequence of Weyl group representations. Our techniques combine a Leray spectral sequence argument similar to that of Church in the type A case along with FI$_W$-module theory which Wilson developed and used in the linear case. A key to the proof relies on a combinatorial description, using labelled partitions, of the poset of connected components of intersections of subvarieties in the arrangement.
description: 20 pages; improved exposition and minor corrections
Classical sheaf cohomology rings on Grassmannians
Creators: name: Guo, Jirui
name: Lu, Zhentao
name: Sharpe, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14F05, 32L10, 14M15

description: Let the vector bundle $\mathcal{E}$ be a deformation of the tangent bundle over the Grassmannian $G(k,n)$. We compute the ring structure of sheaf cohomology valued in exterior powers of $\mathcal{E}$, also known as the polymology. This is the first part of a project studying the quantum sheaf cohomology of Grassmannians with deformations of the tangent bundle, a generalization of ordinary quantum cohomology rings of Grassmannians. A companion physics paper [arXiv:1512.08586] describes physical aspects of the theory, including a conjecture for the quantum sheaf cohomology ring, and numerous examples.
description: 32 pages, comments welcome; v2: material on moduli added to section 4, and various typos corrected
Sequencing BPS Spectra
Creators: name: Gukov, Sergei
name: Nawata, Satoshi
name: Saberi, Ingmar
name: Stosic, Marko
name: Sułkowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper provides both a detailed study of color-dependence of link homologies, as realized in physics as certain spaces of BPS states, and a broad study of the behavior of BPS states in general. We consider how the spectrum of BPS states varies as continuous parameters of a theory are perturbed. This question can be posed in a wide variety of physical contexts, and we answer it by proposing that the relationship between unperturbed and perturbed BPS spectra is described by a spectral sequence. These general considerations unify previous applications of spectral sequence techniques to physics, and explain from a physical standpoint the appearance of many spectral sequences relating various link homology theories to one another. We also study structural properties of colored HOMFLY homology for links and evaluate Poincare polynomials in numerous examples. Among these structural properties is a novel "sliding" property, which can be explained by using (refined) modular S-matrix. This leads to the identification of modular transformations in Chern-Simons theory and 3d N=2 theory via the 3d/3d correspondence. Lastly, we introduce the notion of associated varieties as classical limits of recursion relations of colored superpolynomials of links, and study their properties.
description: 160 pages, 69 figures, 4 tables; Don't be intimidated by the length - each section can be read more or less independently.; v2 and v3, minor corrections, a Mathematica file is attached as an ancillary file
Optical and electronic properties of sub-surface conducting layers in diamond created by MeV B-implantation at elevated temperatures
Creators: name: van Beveren, L. H. Willems
name: Liu, R.
name: Bowers, H.
name: Ganesan, K.
name: Johnson, B. C.
name: McCallum, J. C.
name: Prawer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boron implantation with in-situ dynamic annealing is used to produce highly conductive sub-surface layers in type IIa (100) diamond plates for the search of a superconducting phase transition. Here we demonstrate that high-fluence MeV ion-implantation, at elevated temperatures avoids graphitization and can be used to achieve doping densities of 6 at.%. In order to quantify the diamond crystal damage associated with implantation Raman spectroscopy was performed, demonstrating high temperature annealing recovers the lattice. Additionally, low-temperature electronic transport measurements show evidence of charge carrier densities close to the metal-insulator-transition. After electronic characterization, secondary ion mass spectrometry was performed to map out the ion profile of the implanted plates. The analysis shows close agreement with the simulated ion-profile assuming scaling factors that take into account an average change in diamond density due to device fabrication. Finally, the data show that boron diffusion is negligible during the high temperature annealing process.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JAP
Search-to-Decision Reductions for Lattice Problems with Approximation Factors (Slightly) Greater Than One
Creators: name: Stephens-Davidowitz, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show the first dimension-preserving search-to-decision reductions for approximate SVP and CVP. In particular, for any $γ\leq 1 + O(\log n/n)$, we obtain an efficient dimension-preserving reduction from $γ^{O(n/\log n)}$-SVP to $γ$-GapSVP and an efficient dimension-preserving reduction from $γ^{O(n)}$-CVP to $γ$-GapCVP. These results generalize the known equivalences of the search and decision versions of these problems in the exact case when $γ= 1$. For SVP, we actually obtain something slightly stronger than a search-to-decision reduction---we reduce $γ^{O(n/\log n)}$-SVP to $γ$-unique SVP, a potentially easier problem than $γ$-GapSVP.
description: Updated to acknowledge additional prior work
Residually finite rationally $p$ groups
Creators: name: Koberda, Thomas
name: Suciu, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E26, 14H50, 20F65, 52C35, 55N25, 57M10, 57N10

description: In this article we develop the theory of residually finite rationally $p$ (RFR$p$) groups, where $p$ is a prime. We first prove a series of results about the structure of finitely generated RFR$p$ groups (either for a single prime $p$, or for infinitely many primes), including torsion-freeness, a Tits alternative, and a restriction on the BNS invariant. Furthermore, we show that many groups which occur naturally in group theory, algebraic geometry, and in $3$-manifold topology enjoy this residual property. We then prove a combination theorem for RFR$p$ groups, which we use to study the boundary manifolds of algebraic curves $\mathbb{CP}^2$ and in $\mathbb{C}^2$. We show that boundary manifolds of a large class of curves in $\mathbb{C}^2$ (which includes all line arrangements) have RFR$p$ fundamental groups, whereas boundary manifolds of curves in $\mathbb{CP}^2$ may fail to do so.
description: 44 pages; accepted for publication in Communications in Contemporary Mathematics
Integrierte Projektabwicklung mit Mehrparteienverträgen – Untersuchungen zur Wirkung der vertraglichen Gestaltungsoptionen
Creators: name: Budau, Maximilian Rolf-Dieter
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Integrierte Projektabwicklung
Mehrparteienverträge
Wirkungsuntersuchung

description: Es ist seit jeher ein Ziel der baubetrieblichen Forschung, die Abwicklung von Bauprojekten zu verbessern. Als grundlegenden Ansatz, der das System der Projektabwicklung allgemein adressiert, lässt sich hierzu der Ansatz der „Integrierten Projektabwicklung“ (IPA) auffassen. Im Rahmen von IPA-Projekten versuchen die Projektbeteiligten im Allgemeinen ein System zu schaffen, das die individuellen Interessen der Beteiligten so aufeinander ausrichtet, dass ein opportunistisches Verhalten der Beteiligten keine negativen Folgen für das Projekt als Ganzes hat. Die vorliegende Arbeit nimmt diese These als Ausgangspunkt, um den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zur „Integrierten Projektabwicklung“ und insbesondere zu Mehrparteienverträgen, die im Rahmen der „Integrierten Projektabwicklung“ zum Einsatz kommen, zu systematisieren sowie zu strukturieren und Aussagen zur Wirkung dieser Ansätze abzuleiten. Dazu wird zunächst auf die Grundlagen, die für das Verständnis der Ausführungen erforderlich sind, eingegangen. Darauf aufbauend wird der Begriff der Projektabwicklung und der Projektabwicklungsform definiert sowie ein Strukturierungsansatz für sogenannte Projektabwicklungsformen abgeleitet. Der Fokus der weiteren Untersuchung liegt insbesondere auf Mehrparteienverträgen, die im Rahmen der „Integrierten Projektabwicklung“ zum Einsatz kommen. Diese werden hinsichtlich wiederkehrender Elemente untersucht, um sogenannte Schlüsselelemente aus vertraglicher Sicht abzuleiten. Mithilfe umfangreicher Experteninterviews werden im nächsten Schritt potentielle Wirkungen der einzelnen Schlüsselelemente ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse werden unter anderem dazu genutzt, um sogenannte Vertragsmodelle als Strukturierung der Mehrparteienverträge abzuleiten. Zum Abschluss wird die Performance zum einen der „Integrierten Projektabwicklung“ im Allgemeinen und zum anderen der abgeleiteten Vertragsmodelle in Relation zueinander untersucht. Aufgrund der derzeit noch beschrankten Datenbasis können keine allgemeingültigen Aussagen abgeleitet werden. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich jedoch in den folgenden Wirkungshypothesen zusammenfassen: • Eine auf das Projekt abgestimmte Gestaltung der einzelnen Schlüsselelemente von Mehrparteienverträgen wirkt sich positiv auf die Kosten und Risiken eines Projektes aus. • Mehrparteienverträge wirken sich im Allgemeinen positiv auf die Kostenperformance aus. • Ein hohes Maß an Risikoteilung und mehr als drei Vertragsparteien im Mehrparteienvertrag wirken sich positiv auf die Kostenperformance aus.
Supplementary Figures from Genomic mining and diversity of assembly line polyketide synthases
Creators: name: Kishore, Shreya
name: Khosla, Chaitan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
classificationCode: 60102
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
classificationCode: 60408
subject: Genomics

description: Assembly line polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a large family of multifunctional enzymes responsible for synthesizing many medicinally relevant natural products with remarkable structural variety and biological activity. The decrease in cost of genomic sequencing paired with development of computational tools like antiSMASH presents an opportunity to survey the vast diversity of assembly line PKS. Mining the genomic data in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, our updated catalogue (https://orphanpkscatalog2022.stanford.edu/catalog) presented in this article revealed 8799 non-redundant assembly line polyketide synthase clusters across 4083 species, representing a threefold increase over the past 4 years. Additionally, 95% of the clusters are ‘orphan clusters' for which natural products are neither chemically nor biologically characterized. Our analysis indicates that the diversity of assembly line PKSs remains vastly under-explored and also highlights the promise of a genomics-driven approach to natural product discovery.
LHC signatures of neutral pseudo-Goldstone boson in the E6CHM
Creators: name: Nevzorov, R.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breakdown of the SU(6) global symmetry to its SU(5) subgroup, that contains the standard model (SM) gauge group, in the E6 inspired composite Higgs model (E6CHM) results in a set of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGBs). This set, in particular, involves the SM-like Higgs doublet and a SM singlet boson. In the limit when CP is conserved the SM singlet scalar A is a CP-odd state that does not mix with the SM-like Higgs. The interactions of A with exotic matter beyond the SM, which ensures anomaly cancellation and approximate gauge coupling unification, can induce couplings of this pseudoscalar to the SM gauge bosons. We specify the interactions of the SM singlet pNGB state with the exotic vector-like fermions, top quark and SM gauge bosons. Also we explore the dependence of the branching ratios of the pseudoscalar A and its LHC production cross section on the parameters of the E6CHM.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures, version accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G
New approach to the resummation of logarithms in Higgs-boson decays to a vector quarkonium plus a photon
Creators: name: Bodwin, Geoffrey T.
name: Chung, Hee Sok
name: Ee, June-Haak
name: Lee, Jungil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the rates for Higgs-boson decays to a vector heavy-quarkonium state plus a photon, where the heavy quarkonium states are the J/psi and the Upsilon(nS) states, with n=1, 2, or 3. The calculation is carried out in the light-cone formalism, combined with nonrelativistic QCD factorization, and is accurate at leading order in m_Q^2/m_H^2, where m_Q is the heavy-quark mass and m_H is the Higgs-boson mass. The calculation contains corrections through next-to-leading order in the strong-coupling constant alpha_s and the square of the heavy-quark velocity v, and includes a resummation of logarithms of m_H^2/m_Q^2 at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We have developed a new method, which makes use of Abel summation, accelerated through the use of Pade approximants, to deal with divergences in the resummed expressions for the quarkonium light-cone distribution amplitudes. This approach allows us to make definitive calculations of the resummation effects. Contributions from the order-alpha_s and order-v^2 corrections to the light-cone distribution amplitudes that we obtain with this new method differ substantially from the corresponding contributions that one obtains from a model light-cone distribution amplitude [M. Koenig and M. Neubert, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2015) 012]. Our results for the real parts of the direct-process amplitudes are considerably smaller than those from one earlier calculation [G. T. Bodwin, H. S. Chung, J.-H. Ee, J. Lee, and F. Petriello, Phys. Rev. D 90, 113010 (2014)], reducing the sensitivity to the Higgs-boson--heavy-quark couplings, and are somewhat smaller than those from another earlier calculation [M. Koenig and M. Neubert, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2015) 012]. However, our results for the standard-model Higgs-boson branching fractions are in good agreement with those in M. Koenig and M. Neubert, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2015) 012.
description: 40 pages, improved discussion of the convergence of the nonrelativistic expansion, minor corrections and changes in nomenclature, version published in Phys. Rev. D
Continuous variables quantum computation over the vibrational modes of a single trapped ion
Creators: name: Ortiz-Gutiérrez, Luis
name: Gabrielly, Bruna
name: Muñoz, Luis F.
name: Pereira, Kainã T.
name: Filgueiras, Jefferson G.
name: Villar, Alessandro S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quantum processor based on a chain of trapped ions to propose an architecture wherein the motional degrees of freedom of trapped ions (position and momentum) could be exploited as the computational Hilbert space. We adopt a continuous-variables approach to develop a toolbox of quantum operations to manipulate one or two vibrational modes at a time. Together with the intrinsic non-linearity of the qubit degree of freedom, employed to mediate the interaction between modes, arbitrary manipulation and readout of the ionic wave function could be achieved.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Non-Abelian Dark Forces and the Relic Densities of Dark Glueballs
Creators: name: Forestell, Lindsay
name: Morrissey, David E.
name: Sigurdson, Kris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of the Universe is known to be incomplete and new gauge forces beyond those of the Standard Model might be crucial to describing its observed properties. A minimal and well-motivated possibility is a pure Yang-Mills non-Abelian dark gauge force with no direct connection to the Standard Model. We determine here the relic abundances of the glueball bound states that arise in such theories and investigate their cosmological effects. Glueballs are first formed in a confining phase transition, and their relic densities are set by a network of annihilation and transfer reactions. The lightest glueball has no lighter states to annihilate into, and its yield is set mainly by 3 to 2 number-changing processes which persistently release energy into the glueball gas during freeze-out. The abundances of the heavier glueballs are dominated by 2 to 2 transfer reactions, and tend to be much smaller than the lightest state. We also investigate potential connectors between the dark force and the Standard Model that allow some or all of the dark glueballs to decay. If the connection is weak, the lightest glueball can be very long-lived or stable and is a viable dark matter candidate. For stronger connections, the lightest glueball will decay quickly but other heavier glueball states can remain stable and contribute to the dark matter density.
description: (24 pages, 5 figures) Added references and expanded discussion to match journal version