cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Status conferral in intergroup social dilemmas: behavioral antecedents and consequences of prestige and dominance.
Creators: name: Halevy, Nir
name: Chou, Eileen Y.
name: Cohen, Taya
name: Livingston, Robert W.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Bridging the literatures on social dilemmas, intergroup conflict, and social hierarchy, the authors systematically varied the intergroup context in which social dilemmas were embedded to investigate how costly contributions to public goods influence status conferral. They predicted that contribution behavior would have opposite effects on 2 forms of status-prestige and dominance-depending on its consequences for the self, in-group and out-group members. When the only way to benefit in-group members was by harming out-group members (Study 1), contributions increased prestige and decreased dominance, compared with free-riding. Adding the option of benefitting in-group members without harming out-group members (Study 2) decreased the prestige and increased the dominance of those who chose to benefit in-group members via intergroup competition. Finally, sharing resources with both in-group and out-group members decreased perceptions of both prestige and dominance, compared with sharing them with in-group members only (Study 3). Prestige and dominance differentially mediated the effects of contribution behavior on leader election, exclusion from the group, and choices of a group representative for an intergroup competition. Taken together, these findings show that the well-established relationship between contribution and status is moderated by both the intergroup context and the conceptualization of status.
Fractional quantum Hall effect and electron correlations in partially filled first excited Landau level
Creators: name: Simion, George E.
name: Quinn, John J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantitative study of most prominent incompressible quantum Hall states in the partially filled first excited Landau level (LL1) which have been recently studied experimentally by Choi et al. The pseudopotential describing the electron - electron interaction in LL1 is harmonic at short range. It produces a series of incompressible states which is different from its LL0 counterpart. The numerical data indicate that the most prominent states $ν={5/2}$, 7/3, and 8/3 are not produced by Laughlin correlated electrons, but result from a tendency of electrons to form pairs or larger clusters which eventually become Laughlin correlated. States with smaller gaps at filling factors 14/5, 16/7, 11/5, 19/7 are Laughlin correlated electron or hole states and fit Jain's sequence of filled $\rm{CF}^4$ levels.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Interlayer Couplings Mediated by Antiferromagnetic Magnons
Creators: name: Cheng, Ran
name: Xiao, Di
name: Zhu, Jian-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collinear antiferromagnets (AFs) support two degenerate magnon excitations carrying opposite spin polarizations, by which magnons can function as electrons in various spin-related phenomena. In an insulating ferromagnet(F)/AF/F trilayer, we explore the magnon-mediated interlayer coupling by calculating the magnon thermal energy in the AF as a function of the orientations of the Fs. The effect manifests as an interlayer exchange interaction and a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; they both depend on temperature and the AF thickness. In particular, the exchange interaction turns out to be antiferromagnetic at low temperatures and ferromagnetic at high temperatures, whose magnitude can be $10-100$ $μ$eV for nanoscale separations, allowing experimental verification.
description: Physical Review Letters 121, 207202 (2018)
Magnetism, rotation and accretion in Herbig Ae-Be stars
Creators: name: Alecian, E.
name: Wade, G. A.
name: Catala, C.
name: Folsom, C.
name: Grunhut, J.
name: Donati, J. -F.
name: Petit, P.
name: Bagnulo, S.
name: Bouret, T. J. -C.
name: Landstreet, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of stellar magnetism at the pre-main sequence phase can provide important new insights into the detailed physics of the late stages of star formation, and into the observed properties of main sequence stars. This is especially true at intermediate stellar masses, where magnetic fields are strong and globally organised, and therefore most amenable to direct study. This talk reviews recent high-precision ESPaDOnS observations of pre-main sequence Herbig Ae-Be stars, which are yielding qualitatively new information about intermediate-mass stars: the origin and evolution of their magnetic fields, the role of magnetic fields in generating their spectroscopic activity and in mediating accretion in their late formative stages, and the factors influencing their rotational angular momentum.
description: 8 pages
title: Education in St. Vincent: Biabou
Creators: name: Toran, Casey D.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Section 2 Problems in Development

See related paper:
Youth Employment: Stubbs
by John J. Hourihan (Section 1)
Statistical Discrimination or Prejudice? A Large Sample Field Experiment
Creators: name: Ewens, Michael
name: Tomlin, Bryan
name: Wang, Liang Choon
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A model of racial discrimination provides testable implications for two features of statistical discriminators: differential treatment of signals by race and heterogeneous experience that shapes perception. We construct an experiment in the U.S. rental apartment market that distinguishes statistical discrimination from taste-based discrimination. Responses from over 14,000 rental inquiries with varying applicant quality show that landlords treat identical information from applicants with African-American and white sounding names differently. This differential treatment varies by neighborhood racial composition and signal type in a way consistent with statistical discrimination and in contrast to patterns predicted by a model of taste-based discrimination
Static-Arbitrage Bounds on the Prices of Basket Options via Linear Programming
Creators: name: Pena, Javier
name: Vera, Juan C.
name: Zuluaga, Luis F.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We show that the problem of computing sharp upper and lower static-arbitrage bounds on the price of a European basket option, given the prices of other similar options, can be cast as a linear program (LP). The LP formulations readily yield super-replicating (subreplicating) strategies for the upper (lower) bound problem. The dual counterparts of the LP formulations in turn yield underlying asset price distributions that replicate the given option prices, and the bound on the new basket option’s price. In the special case when the given option prices are those of vanilla options on the underlying assets, we show that the LP formulations admit further simplifications. In particular, for the upper bound problem we derive closed-form formulas for the basket’s price bound, and for the corresponding superreplicating strategy. In addition, our LP approach admits efficient modeling of additional features such as basket options with negative weights, bid/ask spreads, transaction costs, and diversification constraints. We provide numerical experiments to illustrate some of our results.
MOESM4 of Molecular characterization of a novel chitinase CmChi1 from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 and its use in N-acetyl-d-glucosamine production
Creators: name: Zhang, Alei
name: He, Yumei
name: Wei, Guoguang
name: Zhou, Jie
name: Dong, Weiliang
name: Chen, Kequan
name: Ouyang, Pingkai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. MS of profile of the GlcNAc product.
Critical Momenta of Lattice Chiral Fermions
Creators: name: Jansen, Karl
name: Schmaltz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the critical momenta for chiral fermions in the domain wall model recently suggested by Kaplan. For a wide range of domain wall masses $m$ and Wilson couplings $r$ we explicitly exhibit the regions in momentum space where the fermions are chiral. We compare the critical momenta for the infinitely large system with those obtained on a finite lattice.
description: UCSD/PTH 92-29
On the existence of the Blandford-Znajek monopole for a slowly rotating Kerr black hole
Creators: name: Grignani, Gianluca
name: Harmark, Troels
name: Orselli, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Blandford-Znajek monopole is a conjectured solution of force-free electrodynamics in the vicinity of a slowly rotating Kerr black hole, supposedly defined as a perturbation in small angular momentum. It is used to argue for the extraction of energy from rotating black holes by the Blandford-Znajek process. We set up a careful analysis of the perturbative definition of the Blandford-Znajek monopole, showing in particular that the regime in which it is defined allows to use the technique of matched asymptotic expansions. Our conclusion is that the Blandford-Znajek monopole, as it is defined, is not consistent with demanding physically reasonable boundary conditions far away from the event horizon. This puts into question the existence of the Blandford-Znajek monopole, at least in the limit of slow rotation of the Kerr black hole.
description: 8 pages, pdflatex. v2: minor typos corrected, conclusion improved, acknowledgments added. v3: published version, references added, MAE explanation and conclusions slightly expanded
Conformal Ward identities for Wilson loops and a test of the duality with gluon amplitudes
Creators: name: Drummond, J. M.
name: Henn, J.
name: Korchemsky, G. P.
name: Sokatchev, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planar gluon amplitudes in N=4 SYM are remarkably similar to expectation values of Wilson loops made of light-like segments. We argue that the latter can be determined by making use of the conformal symmetry of the gauge theory, broken by cusp anomalies. We derive the corresponding anomalous conformal Ward identities valid to all loops and show that they uniquely fix the form of the finite part of a Wilson loop with n cusps (up to an additive constant) for n=4 and n=5 and reduce the freedom in it to a function of conformal invariants for n>=6. We also present an explicit two-loop calculation for n=5. The result confirms the form predicted by the Ward identities and exactly matches the finite part of the two-loop five-gluon planar MHV amplitude. This constitutes another non-trivial test of the Wilson loop/gluon amplitude duality.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures. Published version
Statement to US Senate Committee on the Budget
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Economic policies do not work instantly. Reductions in the growth of government spending that shift resources to more efficient rises do not immediately trigger equal or greater increases in private spending. Tax cuts that encourage saving and effort do not generate instant responses. Reductions of money growth do not instantly reduce inflation. All of these policies have their expected effects only if people believe the policies will remain in effect.
title: ADCO, Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0937
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0937, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0937, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Cooperative light scattering from helical-phase-imprinted atomic rings
Creators: name: Jen, H. H.
name: Chang, M. -S.
name: Chen, Y. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the light scattering of the super- and subradiant states which can be prepared by the excitation of a single photon which carries an orbital angular momentum (OAM).\ With this helical phase imprinted on the stacked ring of atomic arrays, the subradiant modes show directional side scattering in the far-field, allowing for light collimation and quantum storage of light with OAM.\ For the excitations with linear polarizations, we find a discrete $C_4$ rotational symmetry in scattering for the number of atoms $N$ $=$ $4n $ with integers $n$, while for circular polarizations with arbitrary $N$, the azimuthal and $C_N$ symmetries emerge for the super- and subradiant modes respectively.\ When the radial and azimuthal polarizations are considered, a mode shift can happen in the scattering pattern.\ The forward scattering of the superradiant modes can be enhanced as we stack up the rings along the excitation direction, and for the subradiant modes, we find the narrowing effects on the scattering in the azimuthal and the polar angles when more concentric rings are added in the radial direction.\ By designing the atomic spatial distributions and excitation polarizations, helical-phase-imprinted subradiant states can tailor and modify the radiation properties, which is detectable in the directional super- and subradiant emissions and is potentially useful in quantum information manipulations.
description: 8 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0167
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2009
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0167, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Seine (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 165 (10 H 6, ms. 139), 354 pages, f. 0167, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Saint-Seine
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2820709
Sizes of Confirmed Globular Clusters in NGC 5128: A Wide-Field High-Resolution Study
Creators: name: Gomez, M.
name: Woodley, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Magellan/IMACS images covering a 1.2 x 1.2 sq. degree FOV with seeing of 0.4"-0.6", we have applied convolution techniques to analyse the light distribution of 364 confirmed globular cluster in the field of NGC 5128 and to obtain their structural parameters. Combining these parameters with existing Washington photometry from Harris et al. (2004), we are able to examine the size difference between metal-poor (blue) and metal-rich (red) globular clusters. For the first time, this can be addressed on a sample of confirmed clusters that extends to galactocentric distances about 8 times the effective radius, R$_{eff}$, of the galaxy. Within 1 R$_{eff}$, red clusters are about 30% smaller on average than blue clusters, in agreement with the vast majority of extragalactic globular cluster systems studied. As the galactocentric distance increases, however, this difference becomes negligible. Thus, our results indicate that the difference in the clusters' effective radii, r$_e$, could be explained purely by projection effects, with red clusters being more centrally concentrated than blue ones and an intrinsic r$_e$--R$_{gc}$ dependence, like the one observed for the Galaxy.
description: 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
A reduced micromorphic model for multiscale materials and its applications in wave propagation
Creators: name: Shaat, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, a reduced micromorphic model for multiscale materials is developed. In the context of this model, multiscale materials are modeled with deformable microstructures. The deformation energy is formed depending on microstrain and macroscopic strain residual fields. The constitutive equations according to the reduced micromorphic model only depend on eight material coefficients for linear elastic materials. These material coefficients are related to the material micro/macro-stifnesses and the material microstructural features. The wave dispersions in multiscale materials are then derived according to the reduced micromorphic model. It is revealed that this model can reflect nine dispersion curves (three acoustic modes and six optics) for a two-scale material. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, the wave propagation characteristics, the band structure, and the absolute bandgap features of phononic materials are investigated. It is demonstrated that the reduced micromorphic model can effectively reflect the increase in the bandgap width with the increase in the filling factor in a composite phononic material with square lattices.
description: 21 Pages, 6 Figures and 3 Tables
Statement on the Report of the International Financial Institution Advisory Commission
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This is a proud moment for me. I have appeared many times as a witness before this Committee in the past. Today I appear as Chair of the International Financial Institution Advisory Commission to testify on the bipartisan report that the Commission released yesterday. Congress asked the Commission to consider the changes that should be made in seven international financial institutions in light of the major changes in financial markets and the economic environment in recent decades and to report in six months. That was a very challenging assignment. It could not have been completed without a prodigious effort by the Commission and its staff. I am pleased to have had the opportunity to lead that effort and to have produced a substantive report that attracted bipartisan support.
The Finite Temperature Phase Diagram of a U(1) Higgs-Yukawa Model
Creators: name: Jansen, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The finite temperature phase diagram of a U(1) Higgs-Yukawa model at a finite value of the scalar self coupling $λ$ is investigated by means of a large-$N_f$ calculation and numerical simulations. The phase diagram is similar to the one at zero temperature and shows a ferromagnetic, two symmetric and an antiferromagnetic phase. However, the phase transition lines are shifted to larger values of the Yukawa coupling demonstrating the occurence of the finite temperature symmetry restoration.
description: UCSD/PTH 92-22
Some Simple Economics of Energy Transition
Creators: name: FitzRoy, Felix
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2019

description: After explaining the current climate emergency, this survey article summarises financial cost estimates for transition to zero carbon by 2050, which even in the medium term, neglecting catastrophic climate collapse, are much less than the cost of ‘business as usual’ (BAU). Standard economic modelling of continued GDP growth with only minor costs of climate change and limited mitigation investment which still guides policy is shown to be completely unrealistic, simply ignoring current climate science and the welfare economics of economic growth and obsession with GDP. The global health benefits from phasing out fossil fuels will also exceed the costs of transition to renewable energy in the medium term, and these co-benefits are widely neglected. Finally policy issues including the various benefits of a green new deal, as well as growth and de-growth in relation to well-being, or happiness are summarised.
description: Substantia, Vol 3 No 2 Suppl. 2 (2019)
Statement on Monetary Policy
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: I last had the pleasure of appearing before this committee in February 1975 when the subject for discussion was the Senate Concurrent Resolution on Monetary Policy that soon became House Concurrent Resolution 133. In my statement urging the committee to adopt the resolution, I listed some benefits that I expected to follow adoption. The greatest benefit was expected to be a more stable monetary policy, and I expected that improvement to be achieved only if the Federal Reserve adopted procedures that looked beyond the problems of the money market to the longer-term effects of monetary policy operations.
Dynamics of a Lattice Gauge Theory with Fermionic Matter -- Minimal Quantum Simulator with Time-Dependent Impurities in Ultracold Gases
Creators: name: Smith, Adam
name: Kovrizhin, Dmitry L.
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Knolle, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a minimal model to study the real-time dynamics of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to fermionic matter in a cold atom quantum simulator setup. We show that dynamical correlators of the gauge fields can be measured in experiments studying the time-evolution of two pairs of impurities, and suggest the protocol for implementing the model in cold atom experiments. Further, we discuss a number of unexpected features found in the integrable limit of the model, as well as its extensions to a non-integrable case. A potential experimental implementation of our model in the latter regime would allow one to simulate strongly-interacting lattice gauge theories beyond current capabilities of classical computers.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Invited contribution to the Focus Issue on Quantum Simulation
Polymer drift in a solvent by force acting on one polymer end
Creators: name: Stepanow, Semjon
name: Kikuchi, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the non-equilibrium drift dynamics of an ideal flexible polymer pulled by a constant force applied at one end of the polymer using the perturbation theory and the renormalization group method. For moderate force, if the polymer elongation is small, the hydrodynamic interactions are not screened and the velocity and the longitudinal elongation of the polymer are computed using the renormalization group method. Both the velocity and elongation are nonlinear functions of the driving force in this regime. For large elongation we found two regimes. For large force but finite chain length $L$ the hydrodynamic interactions are screened. For large chain lengths and a finite force the hydrodynamic interactions are only partially screened, which in three dimensions results in unusual logarithmic corrections to the velocity and the longitudinal elongation.
description: 6 pages
Entropy export as the driving force of evolution
Creators: name: Henry, Marc
name: Schwartz, Laurent
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2019

description: The entropy concept was forged by the middle of the nineteenth century to predict how a chemical system may undergo spontaneous evolution over time. At the dawn of the twentieth century, four principles of a new science called “thermodynamics” have been firmly established. Concept of thermal equilibrium (zeroth law), conservation of energy (first law), spontaneous increase in entropy over time (second law) and vanishing entropy at the absolute zero of temperature (third law also called Nernst’s theorem). Among these principles, the most troublesome one was the second law that points to gases as the end final product of any evolution in a closed system. From direct observation, it seems that biological systems undergo spontaneous evolution from gases characterized by a maximum entropy to highly complex structures displaying considerably lower entropies, an apparent violation of the second law. However, it is also perfectly allowed to view the Earth as an open system able to undergo a spontaneous (local) decrease of entropy, provided that the excess entropy could be efficiently exported towards the whole universe through invisible infrared photons. Provided that the entropy exported as invisible infrared radiation is much higher than the entropy decrease observed on Earth, life apparition on this planet becomes fully compliant with thermodynamics laws. The consequences of such an enlarged viewpoint taking into account all kinds of processes (reversible as well as irreversible ones) are studied in depth in this paper. Here we advocate that the first requirement allowing spontaneous life apparition on Earth is the existence of a metabolism, taking the form of thermodynamic cycles able to generate a large output of entropy by degrading low entropy molecular systems (food) into high entropy molecular compounds (waste). Two possible cycles have been identified, relying on the very low entropy of Earth’s metallic core for generating reducing gases (such as H2, CO, NH3, H2S) coupled to the low entropy of sun’s radiation (food) and producing minerals (such as serpentine, metallic sulfide, magnetite, goethite) as well as high entropy gases (water, carbon dioxide) as waste. The large entropy flux generated by such processes can then be used to build low-entropy molecular systems based on reduced carbon species and soluble phosphates that are observed in any living cell. Another consequence of this approach is stressing the ubiquitous role played by water in every feature of life, through the concept of “water activity”.
description: Substantia, Vol 3 No 2 Suppl. 3 (2019)
Confined dynamical systems with Carroll or Galilei symmetries
Creators: name: Barducci, Andrea
name: Casalbuoni, Roberto
name: Gomis, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a general method to construct classes of dynamical systems invariant under generalizations of the Carroll and of the Galilei groups. The method consists in starting from a space-time in $D+1$ dimensions and partitioning it in two parts, the first Minkowskian and the second Euclidean. Tha action consist of two terms that are separately invariant the Minkwoskian and Euclidean partitioning. One of those contains a system of lagrangian multiplies that confine the system to a subspace. The other term defines the dynamics of the system. The total lagrangian is invariant under the Carroll or the Galilei groups with zero central charge.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, version accepted for publication
High Precision Simulation Techniques for Lattice Field Theory
Creators: name: Wolff, Ulli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview is given over the recently developed and now widely used Monte Carlo algorithms with reduced or eliminated critical slowing down. The basic techniques are overrelaxation, cluster algorithms and multigrid methods. With these tools one is able to probe much closer than before the universal continuum behavior of field theories on the lattice.
description: (Talk given at the 4th International Conference on Computational Physics PC92, Prague, August 1992), 11 pages, 1 ps figure
Water in trees
Creators: name: Zürcher, Ernst
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2019

description: This essay shows that the relations between water and trees have far-reaching, unexpected aspects and consequences. The global and the local terrestrial water cycles are directly or indirectly linked to the presence of trees and forests. A more precise consideration of photosynthesis reveals that this process is not only producing biomass and oxygen, but is also the place of water synthesis. This newly formed water probably shows properties according to the new water-paradigma proposed by G. Pollack (2013). This must also be the case for the water absorbed in the soil and flowing upwards through capillar wood structures, forming vortices at the microscopic cellular and at the macroscopic tree level. Another lesser-known phenomenon is linked to periodical changes in the wood-water relation, according not only to the solar influence (photoperiodism, seasonality), but also to more subtle lunar rythmicities having an effect on wood properties. This last aspect represents a kind of rehabilitation of traditional practices often considered as mere superstitions.
description: Substantia, Vol 3 No 2 Suppl. 3 (2019)
Additional file 7 of Whole-exome sequencing reveals potential mechanisms of drug resistance to FGFR3-TACC3 targeted therapy and subsequent drug selection: towards a personalized medicine
Creators: name: Tong, Zhou
name: Yan, Cong
name: Dong, Yu-An
name: Yao, Ming
name: Zhang, Hangyu
name: Liu, Lulu
name: Zheng, Yi
name: Zhao, Peng
name: Wang, Yimin
name: Fang, Weijia
name: Zhang, Feifei
name: Jiang, Weiqin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S2. SNAP2 analysis to predict the protein function alteration of the mutations in post-TKI resistance.
Massive states as the relevant deformations of gravitating branes
Creators: name: Vecchi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Five-dimensional theories manifesting spontaneous brane generation are discussed in a gravitational context. Without gravity, the IR dynamics of the brane fluctuation below the brane tension scale is described by an effective theory for the Nambu-Goldstone modes. When gravity is properly taken into account the long distance dynamics changes. The spontaneous breaking of local translational invariance triggers the formation of massive representations via the Higgs mechanism and induces the appearance of new mass scales in the IR. These scales can in principle depend on other fundamental parameters besides the brane tension and the Planck scale. In noncompact extra dimensions the massive states are found to be scalar bound states. We obtain explicit expressions for their propagator and show that their masses depend on the brane width and are thus much heavier than expected. We present an exactly solvable model which captures the main features of the gravitational system.
description: Version published in Phys. Rev. D
Dissecting stellar chemical abundance space with t-SNE
Creators: name: Anders, Friedrich
name: Chiappini, Cristina
name: Santiago, Basílio X.
name: Matijevič, Gal
name: Queiroz, Anna B.
name: Steinmetz, Matthias
name: Guiglion, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the era of industrial Galactic astronomy and multi-object spectroscopic stellar surveys, the sample sizes and the number of available stellar chemical abundances have reached dimensions in which it has become difficult to process all the available information in an effective manner. In this paper we demonstrate the use of a dimensionality-reduction technique (t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding; t-SNE) for analysing the stellar abundance-space distribution. While the non-parametric non-linear behaviour of this technique makes it difficult to estimate the significance of found abundance-space substructure, we show that our results depend little on parameter choices and are robust to abundance errors. By reanalysing the high-resolution high-signal-to-noise solar-neighbourhood HARPS-GTO sample with t-SNE, we find clearer chemical separations of the high- and low-[$α$/Fe] disc sequences, hints for multiple populations in the high-[$α$/Fe] population, and indications that the chemical evolution of the high-[$α$/Fe] metal-rich stars is connected with the super-metal-rich stars. We also identify a number of chemically peculiar stars, among them a high-confidence s-process-enhanced abundance-ratio pair (HD91345/HD126681) with very similar ages and $v_X$ and $v_Y$ velocities, which we suggest to have a common birth origin, possibly a dwarf galaxy. Our results demonstrate the potential of abundance-space t-SNE and similar methods for chemical-tagging studies with large spectroscopic surveys.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted to A&A
Statement at Hearings on Financial Instituitions and the Nation's Economy
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The issues before the committee may appear to be narrow technical issues of procedure and organization and in a sense they are. There is, as always, a broader set of issues that, once resolved, can guide the choice of procedures. Principal among these is the degree of independence that the Federal Reserve should be permitted. I address the broader issues first to present a set of principles that are helpful in resolving the narrower issues. Then, I offer some specific proposals.
Greek Embassy to Gelon (Hdt. 7.153–67) and Iliad 9
Creators: name: Chiasson, Charles
Publisher: name: Syllogos - Herodotus Journal
Year: 2024

description: I argue that Herodotus encourages his audience to perceive the Greek embassy to the Syracusan tyrant Gelon (7.153–67) as a latter-day version of the Achaean embassy to Achilles in Iliad 9. Similarities of form and content indicate a significant intertextual relationship between the two episodes, which are structured as speech hexads in direct discourse, comprising paired speeches between three envoys and a powerful potential ally against a formidable Eastern foe. Both Achilles and Gelon respond to their suppliants’ requests with angry refusals due to perceived disrespect, followed by concessions that lead in Achilles’ case to the prospect of his rejoining battle before Troy, but in Gelon’s case to final rejection of the invitation to embrace his Hellenic identity by joining the alliance against Xerxes. This intertextual strategy serves three important purposes: it underscores Herodotus’ framing of the war against Xerxes as a sequel to the Trojan War, similarly characterized by division among its Greek participants; it highlights the unlikeliness of the Greek victory, achieved by necessity without the aid of Gelon; and it demonstrates by contrast with Homeric epic the significance of ethnic and communal (rather than personal) identity in Greek politics both during and after the Persian War.
description: Syllogos - Herodotus Journal, Vol. 3 (2024)
SU(2) Potentials from Large Lattices
Creators: name: The UKQCD Collaboration
name: Booth, S. P.
name: Hulsebos, A.
name: Irving, A. C.
name: McKerrell, A.
name: Michael, C.
name: Spencer, P. S.
name: Stephenson, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure accurate values of the inter-quark potentials on a $48^{3}56$ lattice with SU(2) pure gauge theory at $ β=2.85$. The scale is set by extracting the string tension - we obtain ${\sqrt K}a=0.063(3)$ at $β=2.85.$ From a careful study of the small-$R$ potentials in the region 2 GeV $< R^{-1} < 5$ GeV, we extract a running coupling constant and estimate the scale $Λ_{\msbar} = 272(24)$ MeV.
description: 22 pages, 4 PostScript figures (attached), Liverpool preprint LTH 284
The puzzling problem of water properties at low temperature. An experimentalist view.
Creators: name: Teixeira, José
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2019

description: Water is at once the most familiar substance, the one for which we have the most data, and a liquid with anomalous properties that make it unique. Many theoretical models provide explanations for the abnormal behaviour of water. The most recent ones are based on numerical simulations of molecular dynamics made from effective potentials that reproduce the tetrahedral geometry of hydrogen bonds. From the experimental side, homogeneous nucleation of hexagonal ice limits the range of temperature accessible to experiments. There is therefore no experimental data at atmospheric pressure in a wide temperature range extending from the homogeneous nucleation temperature (230 K) to the glass transition (135 K). However, water anomalies are the most important in the supercooled domain. Therefore, a large number of theoretical models, often based on extrapolations of data or analogies, have been developed without being able to be compared to non-existent experimental data. In all cases, the temperature domain where homogeneous nucleation takes place plays a crucial role in the anomalies observed at low temperature. Here, we present shortly structural models that predict the existence of a low-temperature critical point and a liquid-liquid transition between two phases of different structures by comparing them with experimental data. Other models are based on dynamic transitions or the existence of two types of relaxation, at the molecular and hydrogen bonding levels, which may correspond to two glass transitions.
description: Substantia, Vol 3 No 2 Suppl. 3 (2019)
Robust Bounds on Choosing from Large Tournaments
Creators: name: Saile, Christian
name: Suksompong, Warut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Tournament solutions provide methods for selecting the "best" alternatives from a tournament and have found applications in a wide range of areas. Previous work has shown that several well-known tournament solutions almost never rule out any alternative in large random tournaments. Nevertheless, all analytical results thus far have assumed a rigid probabilistic model, in which either a tournament is chosen uniformly at random, or there is a linear order of alternatives and the orientation of all edges in the tournament is chosen with the same probabilities according to the linear order. In this work, we consider a significantly more general model where the orientation of different edges can be chosen with different probabilities. We show that a number of common tournament solutions, including the top cycle and the uncovered set, are still unlikely to rule out any alternative under this model. This corresponds to natural graph-theoretic conditions such as irreducibility of the tournament. In addition, we provide tight asymptotic bounds on the boundary of the probability range for which the tournament solutions select all alternatives with high probability.
description: Appears in the 14th Conference on Web and Internet Economics (WINE), 2018
Hoyle-analogue state in 13C studied with Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics
Creators: name: Chiba, Y.
name: Kimura, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cluster states in $^{13}{\rm C}$ are investigated by antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. By investigating the spectroscopic factors, the cluster configurations of the excited states are discussed. It is found that the $1/2^+_2$ state is dominantly composed of the $^{12}{\rm C}(0^+_2)\otimes s_{1/2}$ configuration and can be regarded as a Hoyle analogue state. On the other hand, the p-wave states ($3/2^-$ and $1/2^-$) do not have such structure, because of the coupling with other configurations. The isoscalar monopole and dipole transition strengths from the ground to the excited states are also studied. It is shown that the excited $1/2^-$ states have strong isoscalar monopole transition strengths consistent with the observation. On the other hand, the excited $1/2^+$ states unexpectedly have weak isoscalar dipole transitions except for the $1/2^+_1$ state. It is discussed that the suppression of the dipole transition is attributed to the property of the dipole operator.
NMR spectroscopic investigations on the successive implementation of nickel and zinc ions to a NacNac-dibenzofuran-Br ligand precursor
Creators: name: Krause, Konstantin
name: Cula, Beatrice
name: Dallmann, André
name: Limberg, Christian
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Heterometallic complexes
subject: Cooperative effects
subject: ligand design
subject: nickel
subject: zinc
subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The ligand precursor HNacNac-dibenzofuran-Br, LH, was synthesized by the condensation of 6-bromo-4-dibenzofuranamine and 4-(N-(mesityl)amino)pent-3-en-2-one with the aim of preparing heterodinuclear nickel/zinc complexes in two successive steps. Reacting LH with Zn(HMDS)2, Zn(C6F5)2 and Zn(C2H5)2 led to the respective X-Zn-NacNac-dibenzofuran-Br complexes (X=HMDS (2), C6F5 (3), Et (4)). However, in case of 2 and 3 the subsequent treatment with Ni(COD)2/TMEDA did not lead to any conversion, probably as the steric bulk imposed by the NacNac-Zn-X entities was too high. 4 did react with Ni(COD)2/TMEDA, likely in the envisaged manner, but apparently the targeted product complex Et-Zn-NacNac-dibenzofuran-Ni(TMEDA)Br, once formed, immediately reacts further via a Negishi coupling reaction, so that Br-Zn-NacNac-dibenzofuran-Et (5) is formed. The reaction of 4 with triethylammonium bromide led to the formation of the Br-Zn-NacNac-dibenzofuran-Br (6) complex that could be reacted with Ni(COD)2/TMEDA successfully. All attempts to purify the product led to Zn(NacNac-dibenzofuran-Ni(TMEDA)Br)2, which is insoluble in THF and thus drives a dismutation reaction.
Battery Electric Vehicles: Perspectives and Challenges
Creators: name: Armaroli, Nicola
name: Monti, Filippo
name: Barbieri, Andrea
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2019

description: In the early decades of the car industry (1880-1920), battery electric vehicles (BEVs) got a remarkable popularity. Eventually, they fell into oblivion for nearly a century, when they left the stage to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), which enabled long-distance driving thanks to the superior energy density of liquid fuels. The invention of the lithium-ion battery (LIB, 1991), characterized by unprecedented energy density and steeply decreasing costs, set the stage to reverse this century-long trend, making nowadays BEVs a competitive alternative to ICEVs. In this paper, we analyze the perspectives of battery electric cars, quantitively assessing their performance in terms of energy efficiency and consumption versus ICEV counterparts. An examination of material requirements for manufacturing each battery component is made, with focus on critical resources such as cobalt, dysprosium, lithium and graphite. Based on quantitative data, we conclude that the transition to electric powertrains for light-duty vehicles is not only desirable but also doable. However, this must be accomplished by following circular economy principles across the whole industrial chain, in the frame of a wider, radical transformation of the mobility system towards more sustainable models.
description: Substantia, Vol 3 No 2 Suppl. 2 (2019)