cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Debt Sustainability in Africa
Creators: name: Gunter, Bernhard
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This paper assesses the financing needs of African countries in the context of the recently adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It assesses the various options for African countries to finance their development, in the context of the current international economic environment and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda (FFD). It critically reviews the main debt relief initiatives established by the international community. It also reviews and evaluates existing debt sustainability frameworks (DSFs) as operated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It analyzes the opportunities and pitfalls posed by Africa's increased access to international private capital markets. Finally, the paper provides some conclusions, lessons learnt from previous debt relief initiatives, and policy proposals for an SDG consistent debt sustainability framework.
title: Wet-Based Glaciation on Mars
Creators: name: Butcher, Frances E. G.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: Mars is a glacial planet. It hosts water ice in large polar ice caps, and in thousands of ‘viscous flow features’ in its mid latitudes that are thought to be debris-covered water ice glaciers. These ice deposits range between a few million to ~1 billion years in age and formed during Mars’ most recent epoch, the late Amazonian. The late Amazonian was characterised by extremely cold and arid climate conditions that are not conducive to melting of ice. Consequently, late-Amazonian glaciation has been dominated by cold-based glacier thermal regimes. However, the recent discovery of an esker (a ridge of sediment deposited by meltwater flowing through a tunnel within or beneath glacial ice) associated with a viscous flow feature in the Phlegra Montes region of Mars’ northern mid latitudes provided the first indicative evidence that wet-based glaciation occurred in at least one location during the late Amazonian. In this thesis, I present the discovery of a second candidate esker associated with a viscous flow feature, in the NW Tempe Terra region of Mars’ northern mid latitudes. I argue that the remarkably similar geologic settings of the NW Tempe Terra and Phlegra Montes candidate eskers (both within tectonic rift/graben valleys) suggests that geothermal heating, possibly with an additional component of viscous strain heating within the basal ice, was a prerequisite for basal melting under cold climate conditions. I then characterise the 2D and 3D morphometries of these candidate eskers, undertake comparisons with the morphometries of ancient putative eskers on Mars and eskers on Earth, and develop conceptual models for the dynamics of esker formation in NW Tempe Terra. Finally, I present a geomorphic map of Chukhung crater, Mars, which hosts esker-like sinuous ridges associated with viscous flow features and provides a case study of the ongoing challenges for esker identification on Mars.
Solutions to Rural College Students' Psychological Plight in Career Choice Based on Social Learning Theory: A Case Study of Northwest A&F University
Creators: name: LI Jie
name: LI Jie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural college students, Psychological plight in career choice, Social learning theory

description: The rural college students are facing psychological plight in their career choice. The social learning theory can use the triadic theory of learning to set reasonable career choice goals, the observational learning theory can be employed to establish a correct outlook on career choice, and the self-efficacy theory can be adopted to make up for the deficiencies in career choice.
Effects of Cognitive Therapy for Depression on Daily Stress-Related Variables
Creators: name: Gunthert, Kathleen
name: Butler, Andrew C.
name: Cohen, Lawrence H.
name: Parrish, Brendt P.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study used a daily diary design to evaluate depressed patients' changes on daily stress-related variables during cognitive therapy (CT). Patients completed daily diaries on two week-long occasions: after the intake interview and again after the sixth session of CT. Patients also completed a measure of depressive symptoms before every treatment session. After six sessions of CT, patients reported a significant reduction in: (a) depressive symptoms; (b) daily sad affect (SA); (c) daily negative thoughts associated with the day's most stressful event; and (d) SA reactivity to daily stressors. In addition, patients reported a significant increase in: (e) daily positive affect (PA); and (f) SA reactivity to daily negative thoughts. The results suggest that CT has its intended effects on the daily lives of depressed adults, and highlight the value of a daily diary methodology for research on CT.
Effects of Cognitive Therapy for Depression on Daily Stress-Related Variables
Creators: name: Gunthert, Kathleen
name: Butler, Andrew C.
name: Cohen, Lawrence H.
name: Parrish, Brendt P.
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5204
subject: Cognitive and computational psychology

description: This study used a daily diary design to evaluate depressed patients' changes on daily stress-related variables during cognitive therapy (CT). Patients completed daily diaries on two week-long occasions: after the intake interview and again after the sixth session of CT. Patients also completed a measure of depressive symptoms before every treatment session. After six sessions of CT, patients reported a significant reduction in: (a) depressive symptoms; (b) daily sad affect (SA); (c) daily negative thoughts associated with the day's most stressful event; and (d) SA reactivity to daily stressors. In addition, patients reported a significant increase in: (e) daily positive affect (PA); and (f) SA reactivity to daily negative thoughts. The results suggest that CT has its intended effects on the daily lives of depressed adults, and highlight the value of a daily diary methodology for research on CT.
Black Female Earnings and Income Volatility
Creators: name: Hardy, Bradley
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: I provide new evidence on earnings and income volatility of Black women in the United States over the past four decades by using matched data from the March Current Population Survey. I use a measure of total volatility constructed by Ziliak, Hardy, and Bollinger (2011) that encompasses both permanent and transitory instability, and that admits labor-force transitions. My results show that, for Black women, earnings volatility fell over the entire period and income volatility rose after the mid 1980’s. I also find that changes over time in labor force transitions into and out of work along with an increasing share of Black women continuously employed coincide with shifts in volatility levels and trends. Among Black women, differences in volatility levels emerge across education groups and marital status, though the trends typically remain consistent.
Black Female Earnings and Income Volatility
Creators: name: Hardy, Bradley
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: I provide new evidence on earnings and income volatility of Black women in the United States over the past four decades by using matched data from the March Current Population Survey. I use a measure of total volatility constructed by Ziliak, Hardy, and Bollinger (2011) that encompasses both permanent and transitory instability, and that admits labor-force transitions. My results show that, for Black women, earnings volatility fell over the entire period and income volatility rose after the mid 1980’s. I also find that changes over time in labor force transitions into and out of work along with an increasing share of Black women continuously employed coincide with shifts in volatility levels and trends. Among Black women, differences in volatility levels emerge across education groups and marital status, though the trends typically remain consistent.
ATSAS 3.0: expanded functionality and new tools for small‐angle scattering data analysis
Creators: name: Manalastas-Cantos, Karen
name: Konarev, Petr V.
name: Hajizadeh, Nelly R.
name: Kikhney, Alexey G.
name: Petoukhov, Maxim V.
name: Molodenskiy, Dmitry S.
name: Panjkovich, Alejandro
name: Mertens, Haydyn D. T.
name: Gruzinov, Andrey
name: Borges, Clemente
name: Jeffries, Cy M.
name: Svergun, Dmitri I.
name: Franke, Daniel
Publisher: name: International Union of Crystallography
Year: 2020

description: The ATSAS software suite encompasses a number of programs for the processing, visualization, analysis and modelling of small‐angle scattering data, with a focus on the data measured from biological macromolecules. Here, new developments in the ATSAS 3.0 package are described. They include IMSIM, for simulating isotropic 2D scattering patterns; IMOP, to perform operations on 2D images and masks; DATRESAMPLE, a method for variance estimation of structural invariants through parametric resampling; DATFT, which computes the pair distance distribution function by a direct Fourier transform of the scattering data; PDDFFIT, to compute the scattering data from a pair distance distribution function, allowing comparison with the experimental data; a new module in DATMW for Bayesian consensus‐based concentration‐independent molecular weight estimation; DATMIF, an ab initio shape analysis method that optimizes the search model directly against the scattering data; DAMEMB, an application to set up the initial search volume for multiphase modelling of membrane proteins; ELLLIP, to perform quasi‐atomistic modelling of liposomes with elliptical shapes; NMATOR, which models conformational changes in nucleic acid structures through normal mode analysis in torsion angle space; DAMMIX, which reconstructs the shape of an unknown intermediate in an evolving system; and LIPMIX and BILMIX, for modelling multilamellar and asymmetric lipid vesicles, respectively. In addition, technical updates were deployed to facilitate maintainability of the package, which include porting the PRIMUS graphical interface to Qt5, updating SASpy – a PyMOL plugin to run a subset of ATSAS tools – to be both Python 2 and 3 compatible, and adding utilities to facilitate mmCIF compatibility in future ATSAS releases. All these features are implemented in ATSAS 3.0, freely available for academic users at https://www.embl‐hamburg.de/biosaxs/software.html.
description: ATSAS is a comprehensive software suite for the processing, visualization, analysis and modelling of small‐angle scattering data. This article describes developments in the ATSAS 3.0 release, including new programs for data simulation and for the structural modelling of lipids, nucleic acids and polydisperse systems. image
NGC 7469 as seen by MEGARA: new results from high-resolution IFU spectroscopy
Creators: name: Cazzoli, S.
name: de Paz, A. Gil
name: Márquez, I.
name: Masegosa, J.
name: Iglesias, J.
name: Gallego, J.
name: Carrasco, E.
name: Cedazo, R.
name: García-Vargas, M. L.
name: Castillo-Morales, Á.
name: Pascual, S.
name: Cardiel, N.
name: Pérez-Calpena, A.
name: Gómez-Alvarez, P.
name: Martínez-Delgado, I.
name: Hermosa-Muñoz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our analysis of high-resolution (R $\sim$ 20 000) GTC/MEGARA integral-field unit spectroscopic observations, obtained during the commissioning run, in the inner region (12.5 arcsec x 11.3 arcsec) of the active galaxy NGC7469, at spatial scales of 0.62 arcsec. We explore the kinematics, dynamics, ionisation mechanisms and oxygen abundances of the ionised gas, by modelling the H$α$-[NII] emission lines at high signal-to-noise (>15) with multiple Gaussian components. MEGARA observations reveal, for the first time for NGC7469, the presence of a very thin (20 pc) ionised gas disc supported by rotation (V/$σ$ = 4.3), embedded in a thicker (222 pc), dynamically hotter (V/$σ$ = 1.3) one. These discs nearly co-rotate with similar peak-to-peak velocities (163 vs. 137 km/s ), but with different average velocity dispersion (38 vs. 108 km/s ). The kinematics of both discs could be possibly perturbed by star-forming regions. We interpret the morphology and the kinematics of a third (broader) component ($σ$ > 250 km/s) as suggestive of the presence of non-rotational turbulent motions possibly associated either to an outflow or to the lense. For the narrow component, the [NII]/H$α$ ratios point to the star-formation as the dominant mechanism of ionisation, being consistent with ionisation from shocks in the case of the intermediate component. All components have roughly solar metallicity. In the nuclear region of NGC7469, at r < 1.85 arcsec, a very broad (FWHM = 2590 km/s ) Hα component is contributing (41%) to the global H$α$ -[NII]profile, being originated in the (unresolved) broad line region of the Seyfert 1.5 nucleus of NGC7469.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 3 Tables; accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Determining paracrystallinity in mixed‐tacticity polyhydroxybutyrates
Creators: name: Van Opdenbosch, Daniel
name: Haslböck, Maria
name: Zollfrank, Cordt
Publisher: name: International Union of Crystallography
Year: 2021

description: Recently, the authors reported on the development of crystallinity in mixed‐tacticity polyhydroxybutyrates. Comparable values reported in the literature vary depending on the manner of determination, the discrepancies being partially attributable to scattering from paracrystalline portions of the material. These portions can be qualified by peak profile fitting or quantified by allocation of scattered X‐ray intensities. However, the latter requires a good quality of the former, which in turn must additionally account for peak broadening inherent in the measurement setup, and due to limited crystallite sizes and the possible presence of microstrain. Since broadening due to microstrain and paracrystalline order both scale with scattering vector, they are easily confounded. In this work, a method to directionally discern these two influences on the peak shape in a Rietveld refinement is presented. Allocating intensities to amorphous, bulk and paracrystalline portions with changing tactic disturbance provided internal validations of the obtained directional numbers. In addition, the correlation between obtained thermal factors and Young's moduli, determined in earlier work, is discussed.
description: A method to robustly determine paracrystalline contents from Rietveld‐refined powder X‐ray data is presented and discussed for the example of mixed‐tacticity polyhydroxybutyrates. image
Food Shortages in Developing Countries Continuing
Creators: name: Missiaen, Margaret
name: Shapouri, Shahla
name: Missiaen, Margaret
name: Shapouri, Shahla
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
International Development

description: he world can produce enough food for its population for at least the next few decades. Food supplies have increased faster than population growth, especially in higher income developing countries. But food supplies are uneven. Poorer countries-many in Africaare expected to face severe food shortages in the next decade unless their prolonged and rapid population growth is accompanied by increased agricultural production and/ or growth in purchasing power. If not, then chronic food shortages will develop because such countries cannot produce or import enough food to feed their people.
Desmiphora (Desmiphora) pretiosa Melzer 1935
Creators: name: Santos-Silva, Antonio
name: Botero, Juan Pablo
name: Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto de Lima
name: Martins, David dos Santos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Desmiphora
Desmiphora pretiosa

description: Desmiphora (Desmiphora) pretiosa Melzer, 1935 (Fig. 11)
 Material examined: BRAZIL, Espírito Santo (new state record): Linhares, 1 ♂, 27.XII.1989, J.S.S. col. (RNV).
This species is currently known from Brazil (Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo) (Monné, 2020b).
description: Published as part of Santos-Silva, Antonio, Botero, Juan Pablo, Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto de Lima & Martins, David dos Santos, 2020, New species, new records, and taxonomical notes in Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil), pp. 1-22 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 60 on page 6, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.45, http://zenodo.org/record/4614833
Exact versus approximate solutions in Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows
Creators: name: Bianco, Carlo Luciano
name: Ruffini, Remo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently obtained the exact analytic solutions of the relativistic equations relating the radial and time coordinate of a relativistic thin uniform shell expanding in the interstellar medium in the fully radiative and fully adiabatic regimes. We here re-examine the validity of the constant-index power-law relations between the Lorentz gamma factor and its radial coordinate, usually adopted in the current Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) literature on the grounds of an "ultrarelativistic" approximation. Such expressions are found to be mathematically correct but only approximately valid in a very limited range of the physical and astrophysical parameters and in an asymptotic regime which is reached only for a very short time, if any, and are shown to be not applicable to GRBs.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear on ApJ Letters
Childhood Income Volatility and Adult Outcomes
Creators: name: Hardy, Bradley
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: Using data linked across generations in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate the relationship between exposure to volatile income during childhood and a set of socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. The empirical framework is an augmented intergenerational income mobility model that includes controls for income volatility. I measure income volatility at the family level in two ways. First, instability as measured by squared deviations around a family-specific mean, and then as percent changes of 25% or more. Volatility enters the model both separately and interacted with income level. I find that family income volatility during childhood has a modest negative association with educational attainment. Volatility has a smaller descriptive role in explaining intergenerational outcomes relative to permanent income. Across the income distribution, the negative association between volatility exposure and educational attainment is largest for young adults from moderate income families.
Improving the surface energy of titanium implants by the creation of hierarchical textures on the surface via three-dimensional elliptical vibration turning for enhanced osseointegration
Creators: name: Bagheri-Bami, Alireza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: An increase in bone-implant contact and an increase in surface hydrophilicity are the two important factors involved in
improving osseointegration. Therefore, three-dimensional elliptical vibration turning method is applied to increase the
hydrophilicity of titanium surface by the generation of hierarchical nano- and micro-textures. That being the case, face
turning process at different cutting conditions is carried out in this research. Surface roughness and the contact angle of
water drops with machined surfaces were selected to be measured for the analysis of surface hydrophilicity. The results
show that an additional surface area can be achieved by the generation of micro- or nano-textures, resulting in a lower
contact angle. Furthermore, intermittent movement of cutting tool in vibration cutting causes the process to be more
stable, achieving the desired range of surface roughness.
Charges and holography in 6d (1,0) theories
Creators: name: Bergman, Oren
name: Fazzi, Marco
name: Rodríguez-Gómez, Diego
name: Tomasiello, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the recently proposed AdS$_7$/CFT$_6$ dualities for a class of 6d $\mathcal{N} = (1,0)$ theories that flow on the tensor branch to long linear quiver gauge theories. We find a precise agreement in the symmetries and in the spectrum of charged states between the 6d SCFTs and their conjectured AdS$_7$ duals. We also confirm a recent conjecture that a discrete $S_N$ symmetry relating the baryons in the quiver theories is in fact gauged.
description: 43 pages, 12 figures, 2 appendices
title: An investigation of the relationship between life musical experiences and primary teachers' confidence to teach music
Creators: name: Stevens, Petrina
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2009

description: This study examines why so many generalist primary teachers lack confidence in teaching music, what contributes to this lack of confidence in some, and what creates confidence in others. Current thinking on musical identities, musical knowledge, learning and teaching is examined, and through the use of recorded semi-structured interviews, the life-musical experiences of a group of fifteen primary teachers are documented and categorised initially in a negative to positive range. Singing is remembered by all the interviewees as the most positive experience, and it is also the most confident area of their current music teaching. Negative remarks about performance, some of which caused humiliation, are revealed to be highly influential in forming a poor musical identity. Little or no memory of ITE curriculum music is common, with few participants observing music teaching or lesson planning before qualifying.
Cation distribution in Cu2ZnSnSe4, Cu2FeSnS4 and Cu2ZnSiSe4 by multiple‐edge anomalous diffraction
Creators: name: Többens, Daniel M.
name: Gurieva, Galina
name: Niedenzu, Sara
name: Schuck, Götz
name: Zizak, Ivo
name: Schorr, Susan
Publisher: name: International Union of Crystallography
Year: 2020

description: Multiple‐Edge Anomalous Diffraction (MEAD) has been applied to various quaternary sulfosalts belonging to the adamantine compound family in order to validate the distribution of copper, zinc and iron cations in the structure. Semiconductors from this group of materials are promising candidates for photovoltaic applications. Their properties strongly depend on point defects, in particular related to cation order–disorder. However, Cu+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ have very similar scattering factors and are all but indistinguishable in usual X‐ray diffraction experiments. Anomalous diffraction utilizes the dependency of the atomic scattering factors f′ and f′′ of the energy of the radiation, especially close to the element‐specific absorption edges. In the MEAD technique, individual Bragg peaks are tracked over an absorption edge. The intensity changes depending on the structure factor can be highly characteristic for Miller indices selected for a specific structural problem, but require very exact measurements. Beamline KMC‐2 at synchrotron BESSY II, Berlin, has been recently upgraded for this technique. Anomalous X‐ray powder diffraction and XAFS compliment the data. Application of this technique confirmed established cation distribution in Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) and Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS). In contrast to the literature, cation distribution in Cu2ZnSiSe4 (CZSiSe) is shown to adopt a highly ordered wurtz‐kesterite structure type.
description: Multiple‐Edge Anomalous Diffraction (MEAD) has been applied to various quaternary sulfosalts belonging to the adamantine compound family in order to validate the distribution of copper, zinc and iron cations in the structure. Application of this technique confirms established cation distribution in Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) and Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS), but in Cu2ZnSiSe4 (CZSiSe) the cation distribution is shown to adopt a highly ordered wurtz‐kesterite structure type in contrast to the literature. image
title: Ozone formation in icy mantles
Creators: name: Sivaraman, Bhalamurugan
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis the results of a detailed experimental study of the chemistry induced by irradiation of ice maniies by electrons and ions are presented. This research is directed towards gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms by which molecules are Synthesised in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) and lunar surfaces. Several experiments explored the formation of ozone in such ice mantles, since the ozone in any planetary or lunar atmosphere has been suggested as biomarker in die search for life. However recent space missions have revealed ozone on several Saturnian moons and Jupiter's Ganymede. In this thesis we show that ozone is readily produced abiotically by irradiation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and nitrogen dioxide ices. These results have important implications for the use of ozone as a biomarker in the search for life on extraterrestrial planets.
Facilitated crystal handling using a simple device for evaporation reduction in microtiter plates
Creators: name: Barthel, Tatjana
name: Huschmann, Franziska U.
name: Wallacher, Dirk
name: Feiler, Christian G.
name: Klebe, Gerhard
name: Weiss, Manfred S.
name: Wollenhaupt, Jan
Publisher: name: International Union of Crystallography
Year: 2021

description: In the past two decades, most of the steps in a macromolecular crystallography experiment have undergone tremendous development with respect to speed, feasibility and increase of throughput. The part of the experimental workflow that is still a bottleneck, despite significant efforts, involves the manipulation and harvesting of the crystals for the diffraction experiment. Here, a novel low‐cost device is presented that functions as a cover for 96‐well crystallization plates. This device enables access to the individual experiments one at a time by its movable parts, while minimizing evaporation of all other experiments of the plate. In initial tests, drops of many typically used crystallization cocktails could be successfully protected for up to 6 h. Therefore, the manipulation and harvesting of crystals is straightforward for the experimenter, enabling significantly higher throughput. This is useful for many macromolecular crystallography experiments, especially multi‐crystal screening campaigns.
description: A simple and low‐cost device has been developed to minimize evaporation in microtiter plates for easy crystal handling and harvesting. image
Food Prices Rose Modestly
Creators: name: Clauson, Annette
name: Clauson, Annette
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: F ood prices, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), rose 2.4 percent in 1994, slightly higher than 1993's 2.2-percent rise. These increases followed 1992's 25-year record low of 1.2 percent, but were moderate compared with the almost 6-percent rise in 1990. Retail prices for some products, however, increased considerablyfish and seafood up 4.5 percent, fresh fruits 6.5 percent, canned and frozen vegetables 4.4 percent, cereals and bakery products 4.1 percent, and nonalcoholic beverages 7.5 percent. But record-high com and soybean harvests, combined with a record-large meat supply in 1994, helped hold down overall food prices. And, the forecast for food-price increases remains moderate. U.S. food prices in 1995 are projected to increase about the same as the overall CPI (fig. 1). The overall consumer- price inflation rate is projected at about 3.0 percent in 1995, up from 2.6 percent in 1994. Overall food prices are forecast to rise 2.5- 3.5 percent in 1995, slightly above the last 4 years. The general economy will likely expand more slowly than in 1994, and employment will rise only slightly. Slow growth in the economy translates into small rises in disposable income. The resulting moderate consumer demand adds little upward pressure on food prices.
Evidence of gap anisotropy in superconducting YNi2B2C using directional point contact spectroscopy
Creators: name: Raychaudhuri, P.
name: Jaiswal-Nagar, D.
name: Sheet, Goutam
name: Ramakrishnan, S.
name: Takeya, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the anisotropy in the superconducting energy gap in a single crystal of YNi2B2C (Tc~14.6K) using directional point contact spectroscopy. The superconducting energy gap at 2.7K, when measured for I||c, is 4.5 times larger than that for I||a. The energy gaps in the two directions also have different temperature dependences. Our results support a scenario with s+g like symmetry.
description: Ps file with figures
Efficient electron spin manipulation in a quantum well by an in-plane electric field
Creators: name: Rashba, E. I.
name: Efros, Al. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron spins in a semiconductor quantum well couple to an electric field {\it via} spin-orbit interaction. We show that the standard spin-orbit coupling mechanisms can provide extraordinary efficient electron spin manipulation by an in-plane ac electric field.
Childhood Income Volatility and Adult Outcomes
Creators: name: Hardy, Bradley
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Using data linked across generations in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate the relationship between exposure to volatile income during childhood and a set of socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. The empirical framework is an augmented intergenerational income mobility model that includes controls for income volatility. I measure income volatility at the family level in two ways. First, instability as measured by squared deviations around a family-specific mean, and then as percent changes of 25% or more. Volatility enters the model both separately and interacted with income level. I find that family income volatility during childhood has a modest negative association with educational attainment. Volatility has a smaller descriptive role in explaining intergenerational outcomes relative to permanent income. Across the income distribution, the negative association between volatility exposure and educational attainment is largest for young adults from moderate income families.
title: Irish Travelling Artists: Ireland, Southern Asia and the British Empire 1760-1850
Creators: name: Mcdermott, Siobhan Clare
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: The aim of this thesis is to show that Irish art made in the period under discussion, the late-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century, should not be considered solely in terms of Ireland’s relationship with England as heretofore, but rather, within the framework of the wider British Empire. As will be demonstrated, this approach both enhances Irish art-historical scholarship and contributes to more general studies concerning art and the British Empire. During this time of accelerating imperial expansion, Ireland’s experience of empire became increasingly ambivalent: Irish people moved through the empire as traders, soldiers and settlers, yet Ireland itself remained a colonised land. Thus, the analysis of art made by Irish travelling artists brings a new perspective to the question of art’s role in the imperial project, since intra-imperial comparisons and contrasts may be made which would not otherwise be possible. The thesis focuses on the work of two Irish artists who travelled to Southern Asia. Active initially in the commercial centre of Calcutta and then in the more militarised town of Madras, Thomas Hickey worked in India during a period of transition as British interests in the subcontinent shifted from those of trade to conquest and territorial expansion; consequently, his paintings offer illuminating insights into art’s changing functions at a pivotal moment in Anglo-Indian relations. By contrast, Andrew Nicholl, travelled somewhat later to Ceylon, serving its colonial institutions as the British Empire reached the height of its power. Ceylon has rarely been discussed in the context of art and empire, the thesis, therefore, opens up a new area of scholarship informed by Nicholl’s experience.
Birth, life, and death of black hole binaries around supermassive black holes: dynamical evolution of gravitational wave sources
Creators: name: Sedda, Manuel Arca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we explore the mechanisms that regulate the formation and evolution of stellar black hole binaries (BHBs) around supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We show that dynamical interactions can efficiently drive "in-situ" BHB formation if the SMBH is surrounded by a massive nuclear cluster (NC), while orbitally segregated star clusters can replenish the BHB reservoir in SMBH-dominated nuclei. We discuss how the combined action of stellar hardening and mass segregation sculpts the BHB orbital properties. We use direct N-body simulations including post-Newtonian corrections up to 2.5 order to study the BHB-SMBH interplay, showing that the Kozai-Lidov mechanism plays a crucial role in shortening binaries lifetime. We find that the merging probability weakly depends on the SMBH mass in the $10^6-10^9{\rm ~M}_\odot$ mass range, leading to a merger rate $Γ\simeq 3-8$ yr$^{-1}$ Gpc$^{-3}$ at redshift zero. Nearly $40\%$ of the mergers have masses in the "BH mass gap", $50-140{\rm ~M}_\odot$, thus indicating that galactic nuclei are ideal places to form BHs in this mass range. We argue that gravitational wave (GW) sources with components mass $m_1>40{\rm ~M}_\odot$ and $m_2<30{\rm ~M}_\odot$ would represent a strong indicator of a galactic nuclei origin. The majority of these mergers could be multiband GW sources in the local Universe: nearly $40\%$ might be seen by LISA as eccentric sources and, a few years later, as circular sources by LIGO and the Einstein Telescope, making decihertz observatories like DECIGO unique instruments to bridge the observations during the binary inspiral.
description: 29 pages, 24 figures, 4 Tables, and 1 Appendix. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Economic evaluations in migraine: systematic literature review and a novel approach
Creators: name: Mahon, Ronan
name: Huels, Jasper
name: Hacking, Victoria
name: Cooney, Philip
name: Danyliv, Andriy
name: Umakanth Vudumula
name: Sreelatha Vadapalle
name: Vo, Pamela
name: Maniyar, Farooq H.
name: Palmer, Stephen
name: Goadsby, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: For novel migraine therapies, economic evaluations will be required to understand the trade-offs between additional health benefit and additional cost. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify previous economic evaluations in migraine from the United Kingdom or Irish perspective to critically appraise these evaluations and to propose, if necessary, a novel modelling approach that can be used for future economic evaluations of migraine therapies. Methods: An SLR was conducted to identify previous economic evaluations of preventive migraine treatments. Key opinion leaders were consulted to determine the criteria for a robust migraine economic evaluation. Economic evaluations identified in the SLR were appraised against these criteria, and a novel cost-effectiveness model structure was then proposed. Results: Eight records reporting on published economic evaluations were identified and critically appraised for general quality. Expert consultation provided 6 recommendations on the ideal model structure for migraine that is both clinically and economically meaningful. A decision-tree plus Markov structure was then developed as a cost-effectiveness model for migraine therapies where each health state is associated with a patient distribution across monthly migraine day (MMD) frequencies. Conclusions: Future migraine economic evaluations should allow for assessments across the full spectrum of migraine, a response-based stopping rule, and the estimation of benefits and resource costs based on MMD frequency. The approach proposed in this paper captures all of the desired elements for an economic evaluation of migraine therapy and is suitable to assess new migraine therapies.
Dialing the Experts
Creators: name: USDA ERS
name: USDA ERS
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: A greater variety of foods, advances in food production and technology, changing consumer preferences, and revised Federal standards for enrichment are affecting the type and amounts of nutrients available in the U.S. food supply. Americans have available to them more carbohydrates, protein, and fat-and this means more calories. Sources of fat are shifting from animal products to plant sources. Levels of most vitamins in the food supply increased-especially thiamin, niacin, folate, and vitamin E (although two vitamins, A and B12, had lower levels)-from 1970 to 1990. The amount of most minerals also rose, especially calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and potassium. For most individuals, the nutrient levels present in the food supply are adequate in preventing deficiency diseases. These findings are taken from the most recent estimates of nutrients available from the U.S. food supply. Changes in foods and nutrients are monitored with disappearance data and reported on a per capita basis (see box for more details). These data measure U.S. supplies available for human consumptionnot what Americans actually eat. Nonetheless, food and nutrient per capita values are useful for tracking the relative magnitude of changes in the American diet over time.
An underground Sagnac gyroscope with sub-prad/s rotation rate sensitivity: toward General Relativity tests on Earth
Creators: name: Di Virgilio, Angela D. V.
name: Bosi, Filippo
name: Giacomelli, Umberto
name: Simonelli, Andrea
name: Terreni, Giuseppe
name: Basti, Andrea
name: Beverini, Nicolo'
name: Carelli, Giorgio
name: Ciampini, Donatella
name: Fuso, Francesco
name: Maccioni, Enrico
name: Marsili, Paolo
name: Ortolan, Antonello
name: Porzio, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring in a single location on Earth its angular rotation rate with respect to the celestial frame, with a sensitivity enabling access to the tiny Lense-Thirring effect is an extremely challenging task. GINGERINO is a large frame ring laser gyroscope, operating free running and unattended inside the underground laboratory of the Gran Sasso, Italy. The main geodetic signals, i.e., Annual and Chandler wobbles, daily polar motion and Length of the Day, are recovered from GINGERINO data using standard linear regression methods, demonstrating a sensitivity better than 1 prad/s, therefore close to the requirements for an Earth-based Lense-Thirring test.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Bagheri-Bami, Alireza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: An increase in bone-implant contact and an increase in surface hydrophilicity are the two important factors involved in
improving osseointegration. Therefore, three-dimensional elliptical vibration turning method is applied to increase the
hydrophilicity of titanium surface by the generation of hierarchical nano- and micro-textures. That being the case, face
turning process at different cutting conditions is carried out in this research. Surface roughness and the contact angle of
water drops with machined surfaces were selected to be measured for the analysis of surface hydrophilicity. The results
show that an additional surface area can be achieved by the generation of micro- or nano-textures, resulting in a lower
contact angle. Furthermore, intermittent movement of cutting tool in vibration cutting causes the process to be more
stable, achieving the desired range of surface roughness.
title: Теория машин и механизмов. Ч.1
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет промышленных технологий и дизайна
Year: 2019

description: Учебное пособие «Теория машин и механизмов» читается бакалаврам в Высшей школе технологии и энергетики Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета промышленных технологий и дизайна. В настоящем пособии представлены общие положения теории механизмов и машин, приведены понятия структурного анализа, рассмотрены способы кинематического анализа механизмов. Перечень тем соответствует рабочей программе дисциплины.
Ultrasonic-assisted ball burnishing of aluminum 6061 and AISI 1045 steel
Creators: name: Bagheri-Bami, Alireza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: In the present work, experimental study was carried out to enhance the surface properties
of aluminum 6061 and AISI 1045 steel plates by ultrasonic assisted ball burnishing process. Full
factorial experimental design was utilized here to find effect ultrasonic vibration, feed rate and
pass number on surface roughness and hardness. The results were discussed according to
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interaction effect of process factors for different material. It is found from the results that for
conventional burnishing process 5000 mm/min feed rate and 5 pass number causes highest
surface hardness; while, for ultrasonic assisted burnishing, the highest hardness is attained at
1000 mm/min feed rate and 5 pass number. On the other hand, it is found from the results that
exerting ultrasonic vibration significantly enhances the hardness value and hardened depth. Also,
it is found that irrespective to type of operation and material, increase of feed rate causes higher
roughness; while, increase of pass number causes reduction of roughness. Furthermore, surface
roughness of ultrasonic assisted burnishing is lower than that of conventional burnishing process.
This enhancement is due to association of both static and dynamic loading in ultrasonic assisted
burnishing process that causes microstructure modification and limits the elastic recovery of the
surface.
Economic evaluations in migraine: Systematic literature review and a novel approach
Creators: name: Mahon, Ronan
name: Huels, Jasper
name: Hacking, Victoria
name: Cooney, Philip
name: Danyliv, Andrii
name: Umakanth Vudumula
name: Sreelatha Vadapalle
name: Vo, Pamela
name: Maniyar, Farooq
name: Palmer, Stephen
name: Goadsby, Peter J
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: For novel migraine therapies, economic evaluations will be required to understand the trade-offs between additional health benefit and additional cost. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify previous economic evaluations in migraine from the United Kingdom or Irish perspective to critically appraise these evaluations and to propose, if necessary, a novel modelling approach that can be used for future economic evaluations of migraine therapies. Methods: An SLR was conducted to identify previous economic evaluations of preventive migraine treatments. Key opinion leaders were consulted to determine the criteria for a robust migraine economic evaluation. Economic evaluations identified in the SLR were appraised against these criteria, and a novel cost-effectiveness model structure was then proposed. Results: Eight records reporting on published economic evaluations were identified and critically appraised for general quality. Expert consultation provided 6 recommendations on the ideal model structure for migraine that is both clinically and economically meaningful. A decision-tree plus Markov structure was then developed as a cost-effectiveness model for migraine therapies where each health state is associated with a patient distribution across monthly migraine day (MMD) frequencies. Conclusions: Future migraine economic evaluations should allow for assessments across the full spectrum of migraine, a response-based stopping rule, and the estimation of benefits and resource costs based on MMD frequency. The approach proposed in this paper captures all of the desired elements for an economic evaluation of migraine therapy and is suitable to assess new migraine therapies.
title: Теория машин и механизмов. Ч.2
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет промышленных технологий и дизайна
Year: 2019

description: Учебное пособие «Теория машин и механизмов» читается бакалаврам в Высшей школе технологии и энергетики Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета промышленных технологий и дизайна. В настоящем пособии представлены общие сведения об основных кулачковых механизмах, дается методика кинематического анализа и синтеза данного вида механизмов, приводятся примеры геометрического синтеза наиболее распространенных типов кулачковых механизмов. Перечень тем соответствует рабочей программе дисциплины.
Particle detectors, geodesic motion, and the equivalence principle
Creators: name: Sonego, Sebastiano
name: Westman, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that quantum particle detectors are not reliable probes of spacetime structure. In particular, they fail to distinguish between inertial and non-inertial motion in a general spacetime. To prove this, we consider detectors undergoing circular motion in an arbitrary static spherically symmetric spacetime, and give a necessary and sufficient condition for the response function to vanish when the field is in the static vacuum state. By examining two particular cases, we show that there is no relation, in general, between the vanishing of the response function and the fact that the detector motion is, or is not, geodesic. In static asymptotically flat spacetimes, however, all rotating detectors are excited in the static vacuum. Thus, in this particular case the static vacuum appears to be associated with a non-rotating frame. The implications of these results for the equivalence principle are considered. In particular, we discuss how to properly formulate the principle for particle detectors, and show that it is satisfied.
description: 14 pages. Revised version, with corrections; added two references. Accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Grav