cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Bright Active Galactic Nuclei in Local Dwarf Galaxies: Insights from eROSITA
Creators: name: Sacchi, Andrea
name: Bogdan, Akos
name: Chadayammuri, Urmila
name: Ricarte, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although supermassive black holes (SMBHs) reside in the heart of virtually every massive galaxy, it remains debated whether dwarf galaxies commonly host SMBHs. Because low-mass galaxies may retain memory of the assembly history of their black holes (BHs), probing the BH occupation fraction of local dwarf galaxies might offer insights into the growth and seeding mechanisms of the first BHs. In this work, we exploit the Western half of the eROSITA all-sky survey (covering 20,000 deg$^2$) and compile a catalog of accreting SMBHs in local ($D<200$ Mpc) dwarf galaxies. Cleaning our sample from X-ray background sources, X-ray binaries, and ultraluminous X-ray sources, we identify 74 AGN-dwarf galaxy pairs. Using this large and uniform sample, we derive a luminosity function of dwarf galaxy AGN, fitting it with a power law function and obtaining dN/d$L_{\rm X} = (15.9\pm2.2)\times L_{\rm X}^{-1.63\pm0.05}$. Measuring the offset between the dwarf galaxies centroids and the X-ray sources, we find that $\approx50\%$ of the AGN are likely off-nuclear, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We compare the BH-to-stellar mass relation of our sample with the local and high-redshift relations, finding that our sources better adhere to the former, suggesting that local AGN across different mass scales underwent a similar growth history. Finally, we compare our sources with semi-analytical models: while our sample's shallowness prevents distinguishing between different seeding models, we find that the data favor models which keep SMBH in dwarf galaxies active at a moderate rate, motivating model improvement by comparison to AGN in the dwarf galaxy regime.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication on ApJ
Forest understory trees can be segmented accurately within sufficiently dense airborne laser scanning point clouds
Creators: name: Hamraz, Hamid
name: Contreras, Marco A.
name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) point clouds over large forested areas can be processed to segment individual trees and subsequently extract tree-level information. Existing segmentation procedures typically detect more than 90% of overstory trees, yet they barely detect 60% of understory trees because of the occlusion effect of higher canopy layers. Although understory trees provide limited financial value, they are an essential component of ecosystem functioning by offering habitat for numerous wildlife species and influencing stand development. Here we model the occlusion effect in terms of point density. We estimate the fractions of points representing different canopy layers (one overstory and multiple understory) and also pinpoint the required density for reasonable tree segmentation (where accuracy plateaus). We show that at a density of ~170 pt/m-sqr understory trees can likely be segmented as accurately as overstory trees. Given the advancements of LiDAR sensor technology, point clouds will affordably reach this required density. Using modern computational approaches for big data, the denser point clouds can efficiently be processed to ultimately allow accurate remote quantification of forest resources. The methodology can also be adopted for other similar remote sensing or advanced imaging applications such as geological subsurface modelling or biomedical tissue analysis.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1701.00169
Compact singularity-free Kerr-Newman-de Sitter instantons
Creators: name: Chruściel, P. T.
name: Hörzinger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generalising arXiv:1511.08496, we construct further families of compact Einstein-Maxwell instantons associated with the Kerr-Newman metrics with a positive cosmological constant.
description: introduction expanded, version as published in PRD
Strong Gravitational Lensing by a Charged Kiselev Black Hole
Creators: name: Azreg-Aïnou, Mustapha
name: Bahamonde, Sebastian
name: Jamil, Mubasher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gravitational lensing scenario where the lens is a spherically symmetric charged black hole (BH) surrounded by quintessence matter. The null geodesic equations in the curved background of the black hole are derived. The resulting trajectory equation is solved analytically via perturbation and series methods for special choice of parameters and the distance of the closest approach to black hole is calculated. We also derive the lens equation giving the bending angle of light in the curved background. In the strong field approximation, the solution of the lens equation is also obtained for all values of the quintessence parameter $w_q$. For all $w_q$, we show that there are no stable closed null orbits and that corrections to the deflection angle for the Reissner-Nordström black hole when the observer and the source are at large, but finite, distances from the lens do not depend on the charge up to the inverse of the distances squared. A part of the present work, analyzed however with a different approach, is the extension of {\it Phys. Rev. D \textbf{92}, 084042 (2015)} where the uncharged case has been treated
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. C
Decoding Sentiment from Distributed Representations of Sentences
Creators: name: Ponti, Edoardo Maria
name: Vulić, Ivan
name: Korhonen, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed representations of sentences have been developed recently to represent their meaning as real-valued vectors. However, it is not clear how much information such representations retain about the polarity of sentences. To study this question, we decode sentiment from unsupervised sentence representations learned with different architectures (sensitive to the order of words, the order of sentences, or none) in 9 typologically diverse languages. Sentiment results from the (recursive) composition of lexical items and grammatical strategies such as negation and concession. The results are manifold: we show that there is no `one-size-fits-all' representation architecture outperforming the others across the board. Rather, the top-ranking architectures depend on the language and data at hand. Moreover, we find that in several cases the additive composition model based on skip-gram word vectors may surpass supervised state-of-art architectures such as bidirectional LSTMs. Finally, we provide a possible explanation of the observed variation based on the type of negative constructions in each language.
Meth4Mob - Beta Testing and Feedback Analysis, Mobile Application Publication, Release and Maintenance
Creators: name: Galeano, Iris
name: Merin, Mauricio
name: González, Magalí
name: Cernuzzi, Luca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Software quality, processes and metrics

description: Verification of the usability of the suggested techniques in the following phases: * Beta Testing and Feedback Analysis Phase * Application Release Phase * Launch and Maintenance Phase
Unelicitable Backdoors in Language Models via Cryptographic Transformer Circuits
Creators: name: Draguns, Andis
name: Gritsevskiy, Andrew
name: Motwani, Sumeet Ramesh
name: Rogers-Smith, Charlie
name: Ladish, Jeffrey
name: de Witt, Christian Schroeder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid proliferation of open-source language models significantly increases the risks of downstream backdoor attacks. These backdoors can introduce dangerous behaviours during model deployment and can evade detection by conventional cybersecurity monitoring systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel class of backdoors in transformer models, that, in contrast to prior art, are unelicitable in nature. Unelicitability prevents the defender from triggering the backdoor, making it impossible to properly evaluate ahead of deployment even if given full white-box access and using automated techniques, such as red-teaming or certain formal verification methods. We show that our novel construction is not only unelicitable thanks to using cryptographic techniques, but also has favourable robustness properties. We confirm these properties in empirical investigations, and provide evidence that our backdoors can withstand state-of-the-art mitigation strategies. Additionally, we expand on previous work by showing that our universal backdoors, while not completely undetectable in white-box settings, can be harder to detect than some existing designs. By demonstrating the feasibility of seamlessly integrating backdoors into transformer models, this paper fundamentally questions the efficacy of pre-deployment detection strategies. This offers new insights into the offence-defence balance in AI safety and security.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Cyclic Mixmaster Universes
Creators: name: Barrow, John D.
name: Ganguly, Chandrima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behaviour of bouncing Bianchi type IX `Mixmaster' universes in general relativity. This generalises all previous studies of the cyclic behaviour of closed spatially homogeneous universes with and without entropy increase. We determine the behaviour of models containing radiation by analytic and numerical integration and show that increase of radiation entropy leads to increasing cycle size and duration. We introduce a null energy condition violating ghost field to create a smooth, non-singular bounce of finite size at the end of each cycle and compute the evolution through many cycles with and without entropy increase injected at the start of each cycle. In the presence of increasing entropy we find that the cycles grow larger and longer and the dynamics approach flatness, as in the isotropic case. However, successive cycles become increasingly anisotropic at the expansion maxima which is dominated by the general-relativistic effects of anisotropic 3-curvature. However, it becomes positive after expansion drives the dynamics close enough to isotropy for the curvature to become positive and for gravitational collapse to ensue. In the presence of a positive cosmological constant, radiation and a ghost field we show that, for a very wide range of cosmological constant values, the growing oscillations always cease and the dynamics subsequently approach those of the isotropic de Sitter universe at late times. This model is not included in the scope of earlier cosmic no-hair theorems because the 3-curvature can be positive. In the case of negative cosmological constant, radiation and an ultra-stiff field (to create non-singular bounces) we show that a sequence of chaotic oscillations also occurs, with sensitive dependence on initial conditions. In all cases, we follow the oscillatory evolution of the scale factors, the shear, and the 3-curvature from cycle to cycle.
description: 19 pages, 27 figures
Meth4Mob - Beta Testing and Feedback Analysis, Mobile Application Publication, Release and Maintenance
Creators: name: Galeano, Iris
name: González, Magalí
name: Cernuzzi, Luca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Software quality, processes and metrics

description: Verification of the usability of the suggested techniques in the following phases: * Beta Testing and Feedback Analysis Phase * Application Release Phase * Launch and Maintenance Phase
Spin-coating of moderately concentrated superparamagnetic colloids in different magnetic field configurations
Creators: name: Aslam, Raheema
name: González-Viñas, Wenceslao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-coating technique is very fast, cheap, reproducible, simple and needs less material to fabricate films of particulate systems/colloids. Their thickness and uniformity may be controlled by means of external fields. We apply magnetic fields during the spin-coating of a moderately concentrated superparamagnetic colloid (made of silica coated magnetite particles). We study the influence of different magnetic field configurations (homogeneous and inhomogeneous) on the resulting spin-coated deposits and compare experimental results under various conditions. Superparamagnetic colloids behave as, non-Newtonian, magnetorheological fluids. Their viscosity vary significantly under applied magnetic fields. We measure and compare the effect of uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields on their relative effective viscosity, using the spin-coated deposits and a previously existing model for simple colloids. The mechanisms involved in the deposits formation under different experimental conditions are also discussed. In particular, we show that the magnetophoretic effect plays an important role in the spin-coating of magnetic colloids subjected to non-uniform magnetic fields. We characterize an effective magnetoviscosity in non-uniform magnetic fields that is largely influenced by the magnetophoretic effect that enhances the flow of the magnetic fluid.
description: Accepted for publication in Colloids Surf. A
Fast Weak Lensing Simulations with Halo Model
Creators: name: Giocoli, Carlo
name: Di Meo, Sandra
name: Meneghetti, Massimo
name: Jullo, Eric
name: de la Torre, Sylvain
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Baldi, Marco
name: Mazzotta, Pasquale
name: Metcalf, R. Benton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full ray-tracing maps of gravitational lensing, constructed from N-Body simulations, represent a fundamental tool to interpret present and future weak lensing data. However the limitation of computational resources and storage capabilities severely restrict the number of realizations that can be performed in order to accurately sample both the cosmic shear models and covariance matrices. In this paper we present a halo model formalism for weak gravitational lensing that alleviates these issues by producing weak-lensing mocks at a reduced computational cost. Our model takes as input the halo population within a desired light-cone and the linear power spectrum of the underlined cosmological model. We examine the contribution given by the presence of substructures within haloes to the cosmic shear power spectrum and quantify it to the percent level. Our method allows us to reconstruct high-resolution convergence maps, for any desired source redshifts, of light-cones that realistically trace the matter density distribution in the universe, account for masked area and sample selections. We compare our analysis on the same large scale structures constructed using ray-tracing techniques and find very good agreements both in the linear and non-linear regimes up to few percent levels. The accuracy and speed of our method demonstrate the potential of our halo model for weak lensing statistics and the possibility to generate a large sample of convergence maps for different cosmological models as needed for the analysis of large galaxy redshift surveys.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Detecting Rare Events Using a One-Class Classifier Based on Diffusion Autoencoders
Creators: name: Prakash, Eva
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: anomalydetection

description: Existing video anomaly detection methods frequently use image models, extrapolated to frame-level, to detect anomalies in video data. These methods have shown reasonable success on standard benchmark datasets; however, such techniques largely rely on hand-crafted features or pre-determined assumptions about the dataset. For example, they may limit anomalies to specific types, such as person-centric or object-centric, or presume that frame-level information can capture the anomalies present in the dataset. In this paper, we introduce an approach using Diffusion Autoencoders (DiffAEs) for video anomaly detection.
title: Sub-Retinal Injection of Human Lipofuscin in the Mouse - A Model of “Dry” Age-Related Macular Degeneration?
Creators: name: Su, Nan
name: Hansen, Uwe
name: Plagemann, Tanja
name: Gäher, Karin
name: Leclaire, M. Dominik
name: König, Jeannette
name: Höhn, Annika
name: Grune, Tilman
name: Uhlig, Constantin
name: Eter, Nicole
name: Heiduschka, Peter
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Lipofuscin (LF) accumulates during lifetime in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and is thought to play a crucial role in intermediate and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In an attemt to simulate aged retina and to study response of retinal microglia and RPE cells to LF, we injected a suspension of LF into the subretinal space of adult mice. LF suspension was obtained from human donor eyes. Subretinal injection of PBS or sham injection served as a control. Eyes were inspected by autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography, by electroretinography and on histological and ultrastructural levels. Levels of cytokine mRNA were determined by quantitative PCR separately in the RPE/choroid complex and in the retina. After injection of LF, microglial cells migrated quickly into the subretinal space to close proximity to RPE cells and phagocytosed LF particles. Retinal function was affected only slightly by LF within the first two weeks. After longer time, RPE cells showed clear signs of melanin loss and degradation. Levels of mRNA of inflammatory cytokines increased sharply after injection of both PBS and LF and were higher in the RPE/choroid complex than in the retina and were slightly higher after LF injection. In conclusion, subretinal injection of LF causes an activation of microglial cells and their migration into subretinal space, enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and a gradual degradation of RPE cells. These features are found also in an aging retina, and subretinal injection of LF could be a model for intermediate and late AMD
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON INDEX AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF RED CLAY SOILS FOUND IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF SOUTHERN NATIONS, NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLES` REGION (SNNPR)
Creators: name: YONAS BERHANE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: COMPARATIVE STUDY ON INDEX AND ENGINEERING 

PROPERTIES OF RED CLAY SOILS FOUND IN DIFFERENT PARTS 

OF SOUTHERN NATIONS, NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLES` REGION 

(SNNPR)
Large anisotropic spin relaxation time of exciton bound to donor states in triple quantum wells
Creators: name: Ullah, S.
name: Gusev, G. M.
name: Bakarov, A. K.
name: Hernandez, F. G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the spin dynamics of a dense two-dimensional electron gas confined in a GaAs/AlGaAs triple quantum well by using time-resolved Kerr rotation and resonant spin amplification. Strong anisotropy of the spin relaxation time up to a factor of 10 was found between the electron spins oriented in-plane and out-of-plane when the excitation energy is tuned to an exciton bound to neutral donor transition. We model this anisotropy using an internal magnetic field and the inhomogeneity of the electron g-factor. The data analysis allows us to determine the direction and magnitude of this internal field in the range of a few mT for our studied structure, which decreases with the sample temperature and optical power. The dependence of the anisotropic spin relaxation was directly measured as a function of several experimental parameters: excitation wavelength, sample temperature, pump-probe time delay, and pump power.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Bose polaron as an instance of quantum Brownian motion
Creators: name: Lampo, Aniello
name: Lim, Soon Hoe
name: García-March, Miguel Ángel
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of a quantum impurity immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate as an open quantum system in the framework of the quantum Brownian motion model. We derive a generalized Langevin equation for the position of the impurity. The Langevin equation is an integrodifferential equation that contains a memory kernel and is driven by a colored noise. These result from considering the environment as given by the degrees of freedom of the quantum gas, and thus depend on its parameters, e.g. interaction strength between the bosons, temperature, etc. We study the role of the memory on the dynamics of the impurity. When the impurity is untrapped, we find that it exhibits a super-diffusive behavior at long times. We find that back-flow in energy between the environment and the impurity occurs during evolution. When the particle is trapped, we calculate the variance of the position and momentum to determine how they compare with the Heisenberg limit. One important result of this paper is that we find position squeezing for the trapped impurity at long times. We determine the regime of validity of our model and the parameters in which these effects can be observed in realistic experiments.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Path description of coordinate-space amplitudes
Creators: name: Erdoğan, Ozan
name: Sterman, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a coordinate version of light-cone-ordered perturbation theory, for general time-ordered products of fields, by carrying out integrals over one light-cone coordinate for each interaction vertex. The resulting expressions depend on the lengths of paths, measured in the same light-cone coordinate. Each path is associated with a denominator equal to a "light-cone deficit", analogous to the "energy deficits" of momentum-space time- or light-cone-ordered perturbation theory. In effect, the role played by intermediate states in momentum space is played by paths between external fields in coordinate space. We derive a class of identities satisfied by coordinate diagrams, from which their imaginary parts can be derived. Using scalar QED as an example, we show how the eikonal approximation arises naturally when the external points in a Green function approach the light cone, and we give applications to products of Wilson lines. Although much of our discussion is directed at massless fields in four dimensions, we extend the formalism to massive fields and dimensional regularization.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Status of CMSSM in light of current LHC Run-2 and LUX data
Creators: name: Han, Chengcheng
name: Hikasa, Ken-ichi
name: Wu, Lei
name: Yang, Jin Min
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the latest results of the LHC Run-2 and LUX experiments, we examine the status of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) by performing a global fit. We construct a likelihood function including the electroweak precision observables, $B$-physics measurements, LHC Run-1 and -2 data of SUSY direct searches, Planck observation of the dark matter relic density and the combined LUX Run-3 and -4 detection limits. Based on the profile likelihood functions of 1 billion samples, we obtain the following observations: (i) The stau coannihilation region has been mostly excluded by the latest LHC Run-2 data; (ii) The focus point region has been largely covered by the LUX-2016 limits while the $A$-funnel region has been severely restricted by flavor observables like $B_s \to μ^+μ^-$. The remaining parts of both regions will be totally covered by the future LZ dark matter experiment; (iii) The masses of the stop, the lightest neutralino and the gluino have been pushed up to 1033 GeV, 449 GeV and 2285 GeV, respectively.
description: Version in PLB (results with negative mu and stop coannihilation region added)
How to Produce an Arbitrarily Small Tensor to Scalar Ratio
Creators: name: Brooker, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a toy a model which demonstrates that large field single scalar inflation can produce an arbitrarily small scalar to tensor ratio in the window of e-foldings recoverable from CMB experiments. This is done by generalizing the $α$-attractor models to allow the potential to approach a constant as rapidly as we desire for super-planckian field values. This implies that a non-detection of r alone can never rule out entirely the theory of large field inflation.
Conceptual design of a modular EC system for EU-Demo
Creators: name: Bruschi, Alessandro
name: Baiocchi, Benedetta
name: Figini, Lorenzo
name: Garavaglia, S.
name: Moro, A.
name: Platania, Paola
name: Rispoli, N.
name: Simonetto, A.
name: Hogge, J. P.
name: Chavan, R.
name: Clement, A.
name: Crisinel, F.
name: Goodman, T. P.
name: Marraco Borderas, C. L.
name: Noel, M.
name: Xydou, A.
name: Jelonnek, John
name: Wu, Chuanren
name: Ell, Benjamin
name: Gantenbein, Gerd
name: Illy, Stefan
name: Jin, Jianbo
name: Ruess, Tobias
name: Rzesnicki, Tomasz
name: Strauss, D.
name: Aiello, Gaetano
name: Scherer, T.
name: Schreck, P.
name: Spaeh, P.
name: Avramidis, K.
name: Chelis, I.
name: Latsas, G.
name: Peponis, D.
name: Tigelis, I.
name: Collaku, A.
name: Difonzo, R.
name: Gajetti, Eleonora
name: Savoldi, L.
name: Fanale, Francesco
name: Pinna, T.
name: Fanelli, P.
name: Salvitti, A.
name: Ioannidis, Z.
name: Marsen, S.
name: Stange, T.
name: Tsironis, C.
name: Wagner, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023

description: The DEMO reactor studies within EUROfusion aim to develop a fusion power plant concept. The large Tokamak device needs an auxiliary heating power which, at the present stage, is provided by the Electron Cyclotron (EC) Heating system with up to 130 MW foreseen to reach different regions of plasma for heating, suppression of instabilities and possibly supporting ramp-up and ramp-down phases. The present conceptual design of the system is based on 2-MW coaxial-cavity gyrotron sources in development at IHM-KIT, a transmission line using both circular corrugated waveguides and a quasi-optical evacuated multi-beam transmission line, and mirror antennas located in the Equatorial port. In order to have a modular system, the sources are grouped in “clusters”, which power is combined in the quasi-optical transmission line, up to the Tokamak Building, where they are split and routed as single waveguides. In the launcher, they are combined together again on the launching mirrors, to save space for the apertures in the Breeding Blanket. The present EC system has a certain flexibility to adapt to changing design guidelines, as the foreseen transition to a lower DEMO aspect ratio. The system and the development status of each subsystem will be presented.
Double Soft Limit of Graviton Amplitude from the Cachazo-He-Yuan Formalism
Creators: name: Saha, Arnab Priya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete analysis for double soft limit of graviton scattering amplitude using the formalism proposed by Cachazo, He and Yuan. Our results agree with that obtained via BCFW recursion relations in arXiv:1504.05558. In addition we find precise relations between degenerate and nondegenerate solutions of scattering equations with local and nonlocal terms in the soft factor.
description: 10 pages v2: Title changed, abstract modified, references updated, published in PRD
Nonclassical Light Generation from III-V and Group-IV Solid-State Cavity Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Radulaski, Marina
name: Fischer, Kevin
name: Vuckovic, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this chapter, we present the state-of-the-art in the generation of nonclassical states of light using semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) platforms. Our focus is on the photon blockade effects that enable the generation of indistinguishable photon streams with high purity and efficiency. Starting with the leading platform of InGaAs quantum dots in optical nanocavities, we review the physics of a single quantum emitter strongly coupled to a cavity. Furthermore, we propose a complete model for photon blockade and tunneling in III-V quantum dot cavity QED systems. Turning toward quantum emitters with small inhomogeneous broadening, we propose a direction for novel experiments for nonclassical light generation based on group-IV color-center systems. We present a model of a multi-emitter cavity QED platform, which features richer dressed-states ladder structures, and show how it can offer opportunities for studying new regimes of high-quality photon blockade.
description: 64 pages, 32 figures, to appear as Chapter 3 in Advances in Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 66
Deep Learning Classification in Asteroseismology
Creators: name: Hon, Marc
name: Stello, Dennis
name: Yu, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the power spectra of oscillating red giants, there are visually distinct features defining stars ascending the red giant branch from those that have commenced helium core burning. We train a one-dimensional convolutional neural network by supervised learning to automatically learn these visual features from images of folded oscillation spectra. By training and testing on \textit{Kepler} red giants, we achieve an accuracy of up to 99\% in separating helium-burning red giants from those ascending the red giant branch. The convolutional neural network additionally shows capability in accurately predicting the evolutionary states of 5379 previously unclassified \textit{Kepler} red giants, by which we now have greatly increased the number of classified stars.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures. Published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Classification tables are available as ancillary files (sidebar on the right), or in zipped form from https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/mnras/stx1174#supplementary-data
Insulators and metals with topological order and discrete symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Shubhayu
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerous experiments have reported discrete symmetry breaking in the high temperature pseudogap phase of the hole-doped cuprates, including breaking of one or more of lattice rotation, inversion, or time-reversal symmetries. In the absence of translational symmetry breaking or topological order, these conventional order parameters cannot explain the gap in the charged fermion excitation spectrum in the anti-nodal region. Zhao et al. (1601.01688) and Jeong et al. (arXiv:1701.06485) have also reported inversion and time-reversal symmetry breaking in insulating Sr2IrO4 similar to that in the metallic cuprates, but co-existing with Neel order. We extend an earlier theory of topological order in insulators and metals, in which the topological order combines naturally with the breaking of these conventional discrete symmetries. We find translationally-invariant states with topological order co-existing with both Ising-nematic order and spontaneous charge currents. The link between the discrete broken symmetries and the topological-order-induced pseudogap explains why the broken symmetries do not survive in the confining phases without a pseudogap at large doping. Our theory also connects to the O(3) non-linear sigma model and CP1 descriptions of quantum fluctuations of the Neel order. In this framework, the optimal doping criticality of the cuprates is primarily associated with the loss of topological order.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures; (v2) added figure and clarifications
DIGGER v1.0 Documentation & Help
Creators: name: Louadi, Zakaria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: DIGGER v1.0 Documentation & Help DIGGER Domain Interaction Graph Guided ExploreR (DIGGER) integrates protein-protein interaction and domain-domain interactions into a joint graph and maps interacting residues to exons. DIGGER allows the users to query exons or isoforms individually or as a set to visually explore their interactions. link: https://exbio.wzw.tum.de/digger/ Citation; Zakaria Louadi, Kevin Yuan, Alexander Gress, Olga Tsoy, Olga V Kalinina, Jan Baumbach, Tim Kacprowski*, Markus List*. DIGGER: exploring the functional role of alternative splicing in protein interactions, Nucleic Acids Research.
 * Joint last authors.
Joint Reconstruction via Coupled Bregman Iterations with Applications to PET-MR Imaging
Creators: name: Rasch, Julian
name: Brinkmann, Eva-Maria
name: Burger, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Joint reconstruction has recently attracted a lot of attention, especially in the field of medical multi-modality imaging such as PET-MRI. Most of the developed methods rely on the comparison of image gradients, or more precisely their location, direction and magnitude, to make use of structural similarities between the images. A challenge and still an open issue for most of the methods is to handle images in entirely different scales, i.e. different magnitudes of gradients that cannot be dealt with by a global scaling of the data. We propose the use of generalized Bregman distances and infimal convolutions thereof with regard to the well-known total variation functional. The use of a total variation subgradient respectively the involved vector field rather than an image gradient naturally excludes the magnitudes of gradients, which in particular solves the scaling behavior. Additionally, the presented method features a weighting that allows to control the amount of interaction between channels. We give insights into the general behavior of the method, before we further tailor it to a particular application, namely PET-MRI joint reconstruction. To do so, we compute joint reconstruction results from blurry Poisson data for PET and undersampled Fourier data from MRI and show that we can gain a mutual benefit for both modalities. In particular, the results are superior to the respective separate reconstructions and other joint reconstruction methods.
description: Submitted
Asymmetry-Induced Synchronization in Oscillator Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuanzhao
name: Nishikawa, Takashi
name: Motter, Adilson E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scenario has recently been reported in which in order to stabilize complete synchronization of an oscillator network---a symmetric state---the symmetry of the system itself has to be broken by making the oscillators nonidentical. But how often does such behavior---which we term asymmetry-induced synchronization (AISync)---occur in oscillator networks? Here we present the first general scheme for constructing AISync systems and demonstrate that this behavior is the norm rather than the exception in a wide class of physical systems that can be seen as multilayer networks. Since a symmetric network in complete synchrony is the basic building block of cluster synchronization in more general networks, AISync should be common also in facilitating cluster synchronization by breaking the symmetry of the cluster subnetworks.
description: Final proof correction incorporated; 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, Supplemental Material (3 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables)
Mitigation of DESI fiber assignment incompleteness effect on two-point clustering with small angular scale truncated estimators
Creators: name: Pinon, M.
name: de Mattia, A.
name: McDonald, P.
name: Burtin, E.
name: Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.
name: White, M.
name: Bianchi, D.
name: Ross, A. J.
name: Aguilar, J.
name: Ahlen, S.
name: Brooks, D.
name: Cahn, R. N.
name: Chaussidon, E.
name: Claybaugh, T.
name: Cole, S.
name: de la Macorra, A.
name: Dey, B.
name: Doel, P.
name: Fanning, K.
name: Forero-Romero, J. E.
name: Gaztañaga, E.
name: Gontcho, S. Gontcho A
name: Howlett, C.
name: Kirkby, D.
name: Kisner, T.
name: Kremin, A.
name: Lambert, A.
name: Landriau, M.
name: Lasker, J.
name: Guillou, L. Le
name: Levi, M. E.
name: Manera, M.
name: Martini, P.
name: Meisner, A.
name: Miquel, R.
name: Moustakas, J.
name: Myers, A. D.
name: Niz, G.
name: Palanque-Delabrouille, N.
name: Percival, W. J.
name: Poppett, C.
name: Rossi, G.
name: Sanchez, E.
name: Schlegel, D.
name: Schubnell, M.
name: Seo, H.
name: Sprayberry, D.
name: Tarlé, G.
name: Vargas-Magaña, M.
name: Weaver, B. A.
name: Zarrouk, P.
name: Zhou, R.
name: Zou, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to mitigate the effects of fiber assignment incompleteness in two-point power spectrum and correlation function measurements from galaxy spectroscopic surveys, by truncating small angular scales from estimators. We derive the corresponding modified correlation function and power spectrum windows to account for the small angular scale truncation in the theory prediction. We validate this approach on simulations reproducing the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 (DR1) with and without fiber assignment. We show that we recover unbiased cosmological constraints using small angular scale truncated estimators from simulations with fiber assignment incompleteness, with respect to standard estimators from complete simulations. Additionally, we present an approach to remove the sensitivity of the fits to high $k$ modes in the theoretical power spectrum, by applying a transformation to the data vector and window matrix. We find that our method efficiently mitigates the effect of fiber assignment incompleteness in two-point correlation function and power spectrum measurements, at low computational cost and with little statistical loss.
description: 36 pages, 23 figures. Small typos corrected, references added. Matches the published version
Response approach to the squeezed-limit bispectrum: application to the correlation of quasar and Lyman-$α$ forest power spectrum
Creators: name: Chiang, Chi-Ting
name: Cieplak, Agnieszka M.
name: Schmidt, Fabian
name: Slosar, Anže
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The squeezed-limit bispectrum, which is generated by nonlinear gravitational evolution as well as inflationary physics, measures the correlation of three wavenumbers, in the configuration where one wavenumber is much smaller than the other two. Since the squeezed-limit bispectrum encodes the impact of a large-scale fluctuation on the small-scale power spectrum, it can be understood as how the small-scale power spectrum "responds" to the large-scale fluctuation. Viewed in this way, the squeezed-limit bispectrum can be calculated using the response approach even in the cases which do not submit to perturbative treatment. To illustrate this point, we apply this approach to the cross-correlation between the large-scale quasar density field and small-scale Lyman-$α$ forest flux power spectrum. In particular, using separate universe simulations which implement changes in the large-scale density, velocity gradient, and primordial power spectrum amplitude, we measure how the Lyman-$α$ forest flux power spectrum responds to the local, long-wavelength quasar overdensity, and equivalently their squeezed-limit bispectrum. We perform a Fisher forecast for the ability of future experiments to constrain local non-Gaussianity using the bispectrum of quasars and the Lyman-$α$ forest. Combining with quasar and Lyman-$α$ forest power spectra to constrain the biases, we find that for DESI the expected $1-σ$ constraint is ${\rm err}[f_{\rm NL}]\sim60$. Ability for DESI to measure $f_{\rm NL}$ through this channel is limited primarily by the aliasing and instrumental noise of the Lyman-$α$ forest flux power spectrum. The combination of response approach and separate universe simulations provides a novel technique to explore the constraints from the squeezed-limit bispectrum between different observables.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures; matches JCAP accepted version
First results from the TUS orbital detector in the extensive air shower mode
Creators: name: Khrenov, B. A.
name: Klimov, P. A.
name: Panasyuk, M. I.
name: Sharakin, S. A.
name: Tkachev, L. G.
name: Zotov, M. Yu.
name: Biktemerova, S. V.
name: Botvinko, A. A.
name: Chirskaya, N. P.
name: Eremeev, V. E.
name: Garipov, G. K.
name: Grebenyuk, V. M.
name: Grinyuk, A. A.
name: Jeong, S.
name: Kalmykov, N. N.
name: Kim, M.
name: Lavrova, M. V.
name: Lee, J.
name: Martinez, O.
name: Park, I. H.
name: Petrov, V. L.
name: Ponce, E.
name: Puchkov, A. E.
name: Salazar, H.
name: Saprykin, O. A.
name: Senkovsky, A. N.
name: Shirokov, A. V.
name: Tkachenko, A. V.
name: Yashin, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up), the first orbital detector of extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs), those with energies above 50 EeV, was launched into orbit on April 28, 2016, as a part of the Lomonosov satellite scientific payload. The main aim of the mission is to test a technique of registering fluorescent and Cherenkov radiation of extensive air showers generated by EECRs in the atmosphere with a space telescope. We present preliminary results of its operation in a mode dedicated to registering extensive air showers in the period from August 16, 2016, to November 4, 2016. No EECRs have been conclusively identified in the data yet, but the diversity of ultraviolet emission in the atmosphere was found to be unexpectedly rich. We discuss typical examples of data obtained with TUS and their possible origin. The data is important for obtaining more accurate estimates of the nocturnal ultraviolet glow of the atmosphere, necessary for successful development of more advanced orbital EECR detectors including those of the KLYPVE (K-EUSO) and JEM-EUSO missions.
description: 18 pages; v2: references fixed; v3: minor changes to address referee's comments
Linearizability for third order evolution equations
Creators: name: Basarab-Horwath, P.
name: Güngör, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of linearization for third order evolution equations is considered. Criteria for testing equations for linearity are presented. A class of linearizable equations depending on arbitrary functions is obtained by requiring presence of an infinite-dimensional symmetry group. Linearizing transformations for this class are found using symmetry structure and local conservation laws. A number of special cases as examples are discussed. Their transformation to equations within the same class by differential substitutions and connection with KdV and mKdV equations are also reviewed in this framework.
description: 18 pages
The Lowest Mass Ratio Planetary Microlens: OGLE 2016-BLG-1195Lb
Creators: name: Bond, I. A.
name: Bennett, D. P.
name: Sumi, T.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Suzuki, D.
name: Rattenbury, N. J.
name: Bozza, V.
name: Koshimoto, N.
name: Abe, F.
name: Asakura, Y.
name: Barry, R. K.
name: Bhattacharya, A.
name: Donachie, M.
name: Evans, P.
name: Fukui, A.
name: Hirao, Y.
name: Itow, Y.
name: Li, M. C. A.
name: Ling, C. H.
name: Masuda, K.
name: Matsubara, Y.
name: Muraki, Y.
name: Nagakane, M.
name: Ohnishi, K.
name: Ranc, C.
name: Saito, To.
name: Sharan, A.
name: Sullivan, D. J.
name: Tristram, P. J.
name: Yamada, T.
name: Yamada, T.
name: Yonehara, A.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Mroz, P.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Kozlowski, S.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Pawlak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report discovery of the lowest mass ratio exoplanet to be found by the microlensing method in the light curve of the event OGLE~2016--BLG--1195. This planet revealed itself as a small deviation from a microlensing single lens profile from an examination of the survey data soon after the planetary signal. The duration of the planetary signal is $\sim 2.5\,$hours. The measured ratio of the planet mass to its host star is $q = 4.2\pm 0.7 \times10^{-5}$. We further estimate that the lens system is likely to comprise a cold $\sim$3 Earth mass planet in a $\sim\,$2 AU wide orbit around a 0.2 Solar mass star at an overall distance of 7.1 kpc.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS