cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An observation of spin-valve effects in a semiconductor field effect transistor: a novel spintronic device
Creators: name: Gardelis, S.
name: Smith, C. G
name: Barnes, C. H. W.
name: Linfield, E. H.
name: Ritchie, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first spintronic semiconductor field effect transistor. The injector and collector contacts of this device were made from magnetic permalloy thin films with different coercive fields so that they could be magnetized either parallel or antiparallel to each other in different applied magnetic fields. The conducting medium was a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed in an AlSb/InAs quantum well. Data from this device suggest that its resistance is controlled by two different types of spin-valve effect: the first occurring at the ferromagnet-2DEG interfaces; and the second occuring in direct propagation between contacts.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Polyouratea hexasperma Tiegh.
Creators: name: Sastre, Claude
name: Offroy, Bérangère
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Ochnaceae
Polyouratea
Polyouratea hexasperma

description: 127. Polyouratea hexasperma (A.St.-Hil.) Tiegh.
(Fig. 15)
Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle 8 (5): 372 (1902c); Journal de Botanique (Morot) 16 (6): 190 (1902d); Annales des Sciences naturelles, Botanique, sér.8, 16: 268 (1902f). — Gomphia hexasperma A.St.-Hil., Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis (quarto ed.) 1: 61 (1825).
— Typus: Brésil, Province de Minas Geraes, Minas Novas, s.d., Saint-Hilaire B1-1620 (lecto-, P[P00542210]! désigné ici; isolecto-, P[P00542209]!).
≡ Ouratea hexasperma (A.St.-Hil.) Baill., Histoire des Plantes 4: 366 (1873).
description: Published as part of Sastre, Claude & Offroy, Bérangère, 2016, Révision nomenclaturale des binômes du genre néotropical Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae) décrits par Van Tieghem, pp. 55-98 in Adansonia 38 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5209011
title: Μελέτη σκοπιμότητας υλοποίησης εμπορευματικού κέντρου
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ntalla, Athanasia C.
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2012
Subjects: Εμπορευματικό κέντρο
Μοντελοποίηση
Εφοδιαστική αλυσίδα
Αστικό εμπορευματικό κέντρο τοπικής σημασίας
Εμπορευματικές μεταφορές
Μελέτη σκοπιμότητας
Αστικές εμπορευματικές μεταφορές
Οικονομική ανάλυση
Logistics
Freight center
Freight village
Feasibility study
Freight transport

description: 127 σ.
description: Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αποτελεί μία μελέτη σκοπιμότητας – βιωσιμότητας για την κατασκευή ενός εμπορευματικού κέντρου στην Αττική. Για την πληρέστερη κατανόηση της ανάγκης δημιουργίας του κέντρου κρίθηκε σκόπιμη η αναφορά στις εμπορευματικές μεταφορές, τα εμπορευματικά κέντρα και τα αστικά εμπορευματικά κέντρα τοπικής σημασίας. Λόγω της στρατηγικής θέσης της Αττικής και της ανάπτυξης που έχει επέλθει στον κλάδο των εμπορευματικών μεταφορών, προκύπτει η αναγκαιότητα εκπόνησης της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης. Μέσω αυτής μπορούν να κριθούν καλύτερα τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα μειονεκτήματα του συγκεκριμένου έργου και να γίνει περαιτέρω εξέταση για να παρθεί απόφαση αν θα πραγματοποιηθεί η υλοποίηση του. Η διαδικασία μελέτης παραμετροποιήθηκε, μιας και πολλά δεδομένα βασίζονται σε παραδοχές ή είναι αρκετά ευμετάβλητα με το πέρασμα του χρόνου και την αλλαγή της περιοχής δραστηριοποίησης. Το μοντέλο αυτό περιλαμβάνει την βαθμολόγηση των διαφόρων θέσεων για την εύρεση της βέλτιστης, την εκτίμηση των αναγκαίων μεγεθών του εμπορευματικού κέντρου, το κόστος επένδυσης, τα λειτουργικά έξοδα, τα έσοδα, την οικονομική ανάλυση και την ανάλυση ευαισθησίας.
description: This thesis is a feasibility study model for the construction of a freight village in Athens. It is necessary to refer in freight transport, freight centers and urban consolidation centers to understand the purpose of this thesis. Athens is placed in a strategic position and freight transport is an incredibly developing field. So, the implementation of this thesis is deemed necessary. Through it, advantages and disadvantages can be shown in order to decide if the construction is possible. The whole study is parameterized, because many values are based on assumptions or on other studies and are volatile by the time or the area the freight center is placed. This model includes finding the best position of the freight center, the calculation of the necessary infrastructure, the investment and operational costs, revenues, financial analysis and sensibility analysis.
Density perturbations in the brane-world
Creators: name: Gordon, Christopher
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Randall-Sundrum-type brane-world cosmologies, density perturbations generate Weyl curvature in the bulk, which in turn backreacts on the brane via stress-energy perturbations. On large scales, the perturbation equations contain a closed system on the brane, which may be solved without solving for the bulk perturbations. Bulk effects produce a non-adiabatic mode, even when the matter perturbations are adiabatic, and alter the background dynamics. As a consequence, the standard evolution of large-scale fluctuations in general relativity is modified. The metric perturbation on large-scales is not constant during high-energy inflation. It is constant during the radiation era, except at most during the very beginning, if the energy is high enough.
description: Additional arguments and minor corrections; version accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Evaporative cooling and self-thermalization in an open system of interacting fermions
Creators: name: Kolovsky, Andrey R.
name: Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study depletion dynamics of an open system of weakly interacting fermions with two-body random interactions. In this model fermions are escaping from the high-energy one-particle orbitals, that mimics the evaporation process used in laboratory experiments with neutral atoms to cool them to ultra-low temperatures. It is shown that due to dynamical thermalization the system instantaneously adjusts to the new chemical potential and temperature, so that occupation numbers of the one-particle orbitals always obey the Fermi-Dirac distribution. In this way we are able to describe the evaporation process which leads to a significant cooling of particles remaining inside the system. We also briefly discuss the evaporation process in the SYK black hole model that corresponds to strongly interacting fermions.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 10 of Eukaryote-wide sequence analysis of mitochondrial β-barrel outer membrane proteins
Creators: name: Imai, Kenichiro
name: Fujita, Naoya
name: M Michael Gromiha
name: Horton, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Authors’ original file for figure 6
Critical phenomena at perfect and non-perfect surfaces
Creators: name: Pleimling, M.
name: Selke, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of imperfections on surface critical properties is studied for Ising models with nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic couplings on simple cubic lattices. In particular, results of Monte Carlo simulations for flat, perfect surfaces are compared to those for flat surfaces with random, 'weak' or 'strong', interactions between neighbouring spins in the surface layer, and for surfaces with steps of monoatomic height. Surface critical exponents at the ordinary transition, in particular $β_1 = 0.80 \pm 0.01$, are found to be robust against these perturbations.
description: 7 pages, 13 figures, submitted to European Physical Journal B
A new population of Rosalia longicorn, Rosalia alpina, in Calabria (Southern Italy) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Creators: name: Terranova, Carlo
name: Mazzei, Antonio
Publisher: name: Fragmenta entomologica
Year: 2023

description: The Rosalia longicorn is a species of European Community interest, included in Annexes II and IV of the “Habitats” Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) and is included in the “Red List of Italian saproxylic beetles”. In Calabria (Southern Italy), Rosalia alpina was apparently distributed only in the National Parks. We discuss about the discovery of a new population of Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) in a mountainous area of Calabria called Catena Costiera, which is located between two National Parks and constitutes an important wildlife exchange corridor.
description: Fragmenta entomologica, Vol. 55 No. 2 (2023)
title: Ein Jahr digitale Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung mit der Corona-Warn-App
title: Nutzung – Popularität – Verständnis
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Munzert, Simon
name: Papoutsi, Myrto
name: Nowak, Holger
Publisher: name: Hertie School
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 3 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Nachdem es zwischenzeitlich ruhig um die Corona-Warn-App geworden war, nahm die Diskussion um digitale Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung im Frühjahr 2021 wieder Fahrt auf. Die Corona-Warn-App wurde mit lange erwarteten Zusatzfeatures zur Eventregistrierung und Erfassung von Schnelltestergebnissen ausgestattet, während die Luca-App aufgrund von Sicherheitslücken und Datenschutzmängeln zunehmend in die Kritik geriet. In unserem Bericht dokumentieren wir, wie populär diese Apps mittlerweile in der deutschen Bevölkerung sind. Nach wie vor gilt: Für die Wirksamkeit dieser Technologien ist die breitflächige Nutzung in der Bevölkerung entscheidend. In unserer Erhebung, einem Smartphone-basierten Nutzertracking, das zwischen dem 19. Mai und 01. Juni 2021 durchgeführt wurde, zeigt sich nach wie vor deutliche Unterschiede in der Nutzung der beiden bekanntesten Apps – Corona-Warn-App und Luca-App. Im Vergleich zur vorherigen Befragung (März/April 2021) sind jedoch einige Verschiebungen beobachtbar: Die Luca-App ist bekannter geworden, gleichzeitig steigt die Sorge um den Datenschutz der App allenfalls leicht an. Bei vielen Befragten besteht nach wie vor große Unklarheit über die Unterschiede in Funktionsweise und Zweck dieser Apps.
Additional file 1 of Eukaryote-wide sequence analysis of mitochondrial β-barrel outer membrane proteins
Creators: name: Imai, Kenichiro
name: Fujita, Naoya
name: M Michael Gromiha
name: Horton, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1:Figure S1 - Multiple alignment of N-terminal region of putative Sam50 proteins. Multiple alignment and secondary structure prediction (by PSIPRED; orange: α-sheet, blue: β-sheet) of the N-terminal region of 9 proteins containing the bacterial surface antigen (POTRA) domain are shown. (PDF 33 KB)
Ceratocyrtis undefined-a
Creators: name: Trubovitz, Sarah
name: Renaudie, Johan
name: Lazarus, David
name: Noble, Paula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Nassellaria
Plagiacanthidae
Ceratocyrtis
Ceratocyrtis undefined-A

description: Ceratocyrtis sp. A
Plate 10, Figs 5A – 6B.
 Ceratocyrtis sp 2, Trubovitz et al., 2020, supplementary data 7.
 Remarks. This species has a smooth shell surface that has three small lobes surrounding the cephalis. Furrows between lobes are associated with the dorsal and lateral spines, which become incorporated into the thorax. The concept of this species is poorly defined and in need of additional study; it may be a group containing multiple species.
 Material examined. 92 specimens observed from samples 321-1337A-16H- 6, 121–124cm (Late Miocene), 321-1337A-14H-7, 39–42cm (Late Miocene), 321-1337A-12H-5, 23–26cm (Late Miocene), 321-1337A-10H-2, 91–94cm (Early Pliocene), 321-1337A-7H- 6, 104–107cm (Early Pliocene), 321-1337A-6H-3, 29–32cm (Late Pliocene), 321-1337A-5H-5, 11–14cm (Late Pliocene), 321-1337A-4H-6, 115–118cm (Early Pleistocene), 321-1337A-4H-2, 16–19cm (Middle Pleistocene), 321-1337A-3H-2, 103–106cm (Middle Pleistocene), 321-1337A-2H-3, 76– 79cm (Late Pleistocene), and 321-1337D-1H-1, 0–3cm (Recent).
 Range. Late Miocene—Recent in the EEP (Table 1).
description: Published as part of Trubovitz, Sarah, Renaudie, Johan, Lazarus, David & Noble, Paula, 2022, Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific, pp. 1-158 in Zootaxa 5160 (1) on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10544058
Codon Distributions in DNA
Creators: name: Som, A.
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Chakrabarti, J.
name: Bandyopadhyay, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The codons, sixtyfour in number, are distributed over the coding parts of DNA sequences. The distribution function is the plot of frequency-versus-rank of the codons. These distributions are characterised by parameters that are almost universal, i.e., gene independent. There is but a small part that depends on the gene. We present the theory to calculate the universal (gene-independent) part. The part that is gene-specific, however, has undetermined overlaps and fluctuations.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures
Rosalia alpina
Creators: name: Terranova, Carlo
name: Mazzei, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Rosalia
Rosalia alpina

description: Results
During the research period, the following were found: 10 live individuals, 1 dead specimen and 2 elytra, belonging to a further 2 individuals. The total number of individuals found amounts to 13 (Fig. 3). In total, 7 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ were identified. The species is probably also present within the boundaries of the “ Laghi di Fagnano ” SCI-SAC, since a left elytra was found.
description: Published as part of Terranova, Carlo & Mazzei, Antonio, 2023, New population of Rosalia longicorn, Rosalia alpina, in Calabria (southern Italy) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), pp. 267-270 in Fragmenta entomologica 55 (2) on page 268, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/1502, http://zenodo.org/record/12763246
Polyouratea planchonii Tiegh.
Creators: name: Sastre, Claude
name: Offroy, Bérangère
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Ochnaceae
Polyouratea
Polyouratea planchonii

description: 128. Polyouratea planchonii (Engl.) Tiegh.
Annales des Sciences naturelles, Botanique, sér. 8, 16: 268 (1902f) ‘ Planchonii ’. — Ouratea hexasperma (A.St.-Hil.) Baill. var. planchonii Engl., in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 12 (2): 322 (1876).
— Typus: Brésil, Province de Piauhy, s.d., Gardner 2511 (lecto-, P[P00542212]! désigné ici; iso-, BM!, G!, K!, P [P00542211, P00542213]!, W!); Province de Ceara, 1840, Gardner 1516 (paralecto-, G!, GH!, M, P [P00700785, P00700786, P00700787]!, W!); s.loc, s.d., Gardner 2109 (paralecto-, M).
= Ouratea hexasperma (A. St.-Hil.) Baill., Histoire des Plantes 4: 366 (1873).
description: Published as part of Sastre, Claude & Offroy, Bérangère, 2016, Révision nomenclaturale des binômes du genre néotropical Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae) décrits par Van Tieghem, pp. 55-98 in Adansonia 38 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5209011
Additional file 4 of Identified plasma proteins related to vascular structure are associated with coarctation of the aorta in children
Creators: name: Ma, Siyu
name: Zheng, Junqiang
name: Xu, Yang
name: Yang, Zhaocong
name: Zhu, Yu
name: Su, Xiaoqi
name: Mo, Xuming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. KEGG Pathway of proteins.
Symbolic Algorithm for Solving SLAEs with Heptadiagonal Coefficient Matrices
Creators: name: Veneva, Milena
name: Ayriyan, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a symbolic algorithm for solving band matrix systems of linear algebraic equations with heptadiagonal coefficient matrices. The algorithm is given in pseudocode. A theorem which gives the condition for the algorithm to be stable is formulated and proven.
description: 5 pages
Additional file 3 of Eukaryote-wide sequence analysis of mitochondrial β-barrel outer membrane proteins
Creators: name: Imai, Kenichiro
name: Fujita, Naoya
name: M Michael Gromiha
name: Horton, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3:Figure S3 - Sequence segmentation. The sequence segmentation used to search for, possible multiple domain, yeast MBOMPs with our SVM-predictor is shown. (PDF 13 KB)
Additional file 11 of Eukaryote-wide sequence analysis of mitochondrial β-barrel outer membrane proteins
Creators: name: Imai, Kenichiro
name: Fujita, Naoya
name: M Michael Gromiha
name: Horton, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Authors’ original file for figure 7
Munida isos Ahyong & Poore 2004
Creators: name: Baba, Keiji
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Poore, Gary C. B.
name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Bermudez, Adriana
name: Cabezas, Patricia
name: Lin, Chia-Wei
name: Nizinski, Martha
name: Rodrigues, Celso
name: Schnabel, Kareen E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Munida
Munida isos

description: Munida isos Ahyong & Poore, 2004 Munida isos Ahyong & Poore, 2004b: 34, fig. 6 (Tasmania and New South Wales, 640–1700 m). — Poore, 2004: 234, fig. 64d (compilation). — Baba, 2005: 265 (key, synonymies). — Ahyong, 2007: 31 (off Wairarapa coast, New Zealand, 640–1700 m). Munida microps. — Haig, 1973: 273 (part, smaller specimen only, off Green Cape, New South Wales, 860 m). — Davie, 2002: 65 (in part, no record). Munida gordoni Vereshchaka, 2005: 139, fig. 2 (type locality: off Wairarapa coast, 41°35.45´S, 175°46.39´E, 1000–1400 m (holotype, ovigerous female [H-880, NIWA 4065]). Type data: holotype, male, AM P61818. Type locality: off St Patricks Head, Tasmania, 41°35´S, 148°14´E, 1100 m.
description: Published as part of Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134587
description: {"references": ["Poore, G. C. B. (2004) Marine decapod Crustacea of southern Australia. A guide to identification (with chapter on Stomatopoda by Shane Ahyong) CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 574 pp.", "Ahyong, S. T. & Poore, G. C. B. (2004 b) Deep-water Galatheidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from southern and eastern Australia. Zootaxa, 472, 3 - 76.", "Baba, K. (2005) Deep-sea chirostylid and galatheid crustaceans (Decapoda: Anomura) from the Indo-West Pacific, with a list of species. Galathea Reports, 20, 1 - 317.", "Ahyong, S. T. (2007) Decapod Crustacea collected by the NORFANZ Expedition: Galatheidae and Polychelidae. Zootaxa, 1593, 1 - 54.", "Haig, J. (1973) Galatheidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) collected by the F. I. S. Endeavour. Records of the Australian Museum, 28, 269 - 289.", "Davie, P. J. F. (2002) Crustacea: Malacostraca: Eucarida (Part 2): Decapoda - Anomura, Brachyura. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, xiv + 641 pp.", "Vereshchaka, A. L. (2005) New species of Galatheidae (Crustacea: Anomura: Galatheoidea) from volcanic seamounts off Northern New Zealand. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 137 - 142."]}
Adaptation of the Berkeley Short -channel IGFET Model Code Base for Atomistic BTI/RTN Simulation
Creators: name: Stamoulis, Dimitrios A.
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2013
Subjects: Αξιοπιστία ολοκληρωμένων κυκλωμάτων
Προσομοιώσεις ολοκληρωμένων κυκλωμάτων
Μοντέλο BSIM
Προσομοιωτής SPICE
MOSFET τρανζίστορς
Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model (BSIM)
Bias Temperature Instability (ΒΤΙ)
Gate Stack Defects
Random Telegraph Noise (RTN)
Reliability
Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE)
Transient Circuit Simulations

description: 64 σ.
description: Στις σύγχρονες CMOS τεχνολογίες παρατηρούνται μη επιθυμητά φαινόμενα μεταβλητότητας κατά τη λειτουργία των ολοκληρωμένων κυκλωμάτων. Τα τελευταία χρόνια, σημαντική έρευνα επικεντρώνεται σε φαινόμενα που επηρεάζουν την αξιόπιστη λειτουργία ενός κυκλώματος. Δύο τέτοιοι μηχανισμοί με επίδραση στην τιμή της τάσης κατωφλίου ενός FET τρανζιστορ είναι οι μηχανισμοί Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) και Random Telegraph Noise (RTN). Αξιόπιστες προσομοιώσεις των μηχανισμών αυτών είναι απαραίτητες για την ανάπτυξη των κατάλληλων μεθόδων αντιμετώπισης τους. Ένα πρόσφατο θεωρητικό μοντέλο των BTI/RTN μηχανισμών είναι το atomistic model, το οποίο έχει υλοποιηθεί έως τώρα μόνο σε εμπορικά λογισμικά προσομοίωσης. Στην παρούσα εργασία το μοντέλο αυτό ενσωματώνεται σε μια open source έκδοση του περιβάλλοντος προσομοίωσης SPICE. Το προκύπτον εργαλείο είναι αποδοτικότερο σε σχέση με αντίστοιχες προηγούμενες προσεγγίσεις, τόσο σε επίπεδο υλοποίησης όσο και σε επίπεδο χρήστη. Η ορθότητα του εργαλείου επαληθεύεται σε σύγκριση με ήδη δημοσιευμένα αποτελέσματα.
description: The aggresive downscaling of CMOS technology intensifies both time-zero and time-dependent device variability. During the last years, extensive research on degradation effects has demonstrated their importance for the reliability of downscaled devices. Two mechanisms with an increasingly adverse impact on threshold voltage Vth variations are Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) and Random Telegraph Noise (RTN). Accurate and user-friendly simulation frameworks are crucial for the development of appropriate mitigation techniques. During the last years, an atomistic model that incorporates the transient nature of BTI/RTN mechanisms has been presented. However, this approach is only implemented on top of commercial tools that feature reduced flexibility and increased CPU times. The current thesis proposes the adaptation of the BSIM source code, in order to include the atomistic BTI/RTN model. Using an open source SPICE distribution as a concept vehicle, we developed a SPICE simulator that seamlessly integrates BTI and RTN in transient simulations. The resulting implementation is far more elegant than previous attempts, both from the point of the developer (a single code base) and that of the end-user (no wrapper scripts; only four parameters added to the modelcard). The correctness of the implementation presented herein will be verified against already published results.
Estimating Calabi-Yau Hypersurface and Triangulation Counts with Equation Learners
Creators: name: Altman, Ross
name: Carifio, Jonathan
name: Halverson, James
name: Nelson, Brent D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the first estimate of the number of fine, regular, star triangulations of the four-dimensional reflexive polytopes, as classified by Kreuzer and Skarke (KS). This provides an upper bound on the number of Calabi-Yau threefold hypersurfaces in toric varieties. The estimate is performed with deep learning, specifically the novel equation learner (EQL) architecture. We demonstrate that EQL networks accurately predict numbers of triangulations far beyond the $h^{1,1}$ training region, allowing for reliable extrapolation. We estimate that number of triangulations in the KS dataset is $10^{10,505}$, dominated by the polytope with the highest $h^{1,1}$ value.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures
The preference of cataract surgeons in intraocular lens for phacoemulsification surgery of themselves
Creators: name: Λαζαρίδου, Αθηνά Θ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2025
Subjects: προτίμηση
ενδοφθάλμιοι φακοί
καταρράκτης
ophthalmology surgeons
intraocular lens preference
cataracts

description: The objective of this paper is to present a qualitative observational study conducted through a questionnaire administered to 100 ophthalmic surgeons over the age of 45. The survey aimed to assess their preferred choice of intraocular lens (IOL) if they were to undergo cataract surgery themselves. This study, among others, highlights the reluctance of cataract surgeons to undergo clear lens exchange or select premium intraocular lenses for their own presbyopia correction, despite the widespread use of these lenses in clinical practice. Extended depth of focus (EDOF) and monofocal plus lenses appear to be the preferred choices among cataract surgeons for personal use, compared to multifocal lenses.
description: Σκοπός της διπλωματικής εργασίας ήταν η παρουσίαση και αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων μίας ποιοτικής μελέτης παρατήρησης, μέσω ερωτηματολογίου, δείγματος 100 χειρουργών οφθαλμίατρων με στόχο την αξιολόγηση της προτίμησής τους σε ενδοφθάλμιους φακούς για χειρουργείο των ιδίων. Η παρούσα μελέτη αναδεικνύει μεταξύ άλλων τη σκεπτικότητα των χειρουργών οφθαλμιάτρων να υποβληθούν οι ίδιοι σε διαθλαστική χειρουργική του φακού καθώς και τη διστακτικότητα των περισσοτέρων να υιοθετήσουν για προσωπική χρήση premium ενδοφακούς για τη διόρθωση της πρεσβυωπίας, παρά τη ευρεία χρήση τους σε ασθενείς ως καθημερινή πρακτική. Οι ενδοφακοί EDOF και monofocal plus φαίνεται να προτιμώνται από τους χειρουργούς οφθαλμιάτρους έναντι των αμιγώς πολυεστιακών ενδοφακών όταν πρόκειται για προσωπική χρήση.
Quantum versus Semiclassical Description of Selftrapping: Anharmonic Effects
Creators: name: Raghavan, S.
name: Bishop, A. R.
name: Kenkre, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Selftrapping has been traditionally studied on the assumption that quasiparticles interact with harmonic phonons and that this interaction is linear in the displacement of the phonon. To complement recent semiclassical studies of anharmonicity and nonlinearity in this context, we present below a fully quantum mechanical analysis of a two-site system, where the oscillator is described by a tunably anharmonic potential, with a square well with infinite walls and the harmonic potential as its extreme limits, and wherein the interaction is nonlinear in the oscillator displacement. We find that even highly anharmonic polarons behave similar to their harmonic counterparts in that selftrapping is preserved for long times in the limit of strong coupling, and that the polaronic tunneling time scale depends exponentially on the polaron binding energy. Further, in agreement, with earlier results related to harmonic polarons, the semiclassical approximation agrees with the full quantum result in the massive oscillator limit of small oscillator frequency and strong quasiparticle-oscillator coupling.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
"ҲАБЕАС CОРПУС" ИНСТИТУТИ ВА УНИНГ ҲОЗИРГИ КУНДАГИ АҲАМИЯТИ
Creators: name: Нарзиев, Шахзодбек
name: Мухсинов, Ахроржон
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ушбу мақолада ҳабеас cорпус институти, тушунчаси, мазмун-моҳияти, унинг пайдо бўлиш ва ривожланиш тарих, ҳозирги ривожланаётган дунёда “Ҳабеас Cорпус” институтининг жамият ҳаётида  тутган ўрни, шунингдек ҳабеас cорпус институтини қўллашни такомиллаштириш масалалари ҳақида сўз юритилган бўлиб, соҳани такомиллаштириш йўлида олиб борилаётган ислоҳотлар, улардаги муаммо ва камчиликларни бартараф қилиш юзасидан таклиф ва тавсиялар баён қилинган.
Polyouratea polygyna Tiegh.
Creators: name: Sastre, Claude
name: Offroy, Bérangère
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Ochnaceae
Polyouratea
Polyouratea polygyna

description: 129. Polyouratea polygyna (Engl.) Tiegh.
Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle 8 (5): 372 (1902c); Journal de Botanique (Morot) 16 (6): 190 (1902d); Annales des Sciences naturelles, Botanique, sér.8, 16: 269 (1902f).
— Typus: Brésil, Province de Bahia, s.d., Riedel 398 (holo-, B, détruit; lecto-, P[P00542202]! désigné ici; isolecto-, K!, M, P [P00542203, P00542204]!, W!).
≡ Ouratea polygyna Engl., in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 12 (2): 342 (1876).
description: Published as part of Sastre, Claude & Offroy, Bérangère, 2016, Révision nomenclaturale des binômes du genre néotropical Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae) décrits par Van Tieghem, pp. 55-98 in Adansonia 38 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5209011
Additional file 2 of Identified plasma proteins related to vascular structure are associated with coarctation of the aorta in children
Creators: name: Ma, Siyu
name: Zheng, Junqiang
name: Xu, Yang
name: Yang, Zhaocong
name: Zhu, Yu
name: Su, Xiaoqi
name: Mo, Xuming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Clinical information of CoA patients.
Additional file 2 of Eukaryote-wide sequence analysis of mitochondrial β-barrel outer membrane proteins
Creators: name: Imai, Kenichiro
name: Fujita, Naoya
name: M Michael Gromiha
name: Horton, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2:Figure S2 - β-signal motif match in YJL217W. (a) Secondary structure prediction (by PSIPRED) of the uncharacterized protein YJL217W and its match to the β-signal motif is shown. (b) 3 D structure of YJL217W (PDBID:3O12) (PDF 46 KB)
Polyouratea serratula Tiegh.
Creators: name: Sastre, Claude
name: Offroy, Bérangère
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Ochnaceae
Polyouratea
Polyouratea serratula

description: 130. Polyouratea serratula (Pohl) Tiegh.
Annales des Sciences naturelles, Botanique, sér.8, 16: 269 (1902f). — Gomphia serrulata Pohl, Plantarum Brasilliae icones et descriptiones 2: 119 (1831).
— Typus: Brésil, Rio de Janeiro, s.d., Schott 4187 (holo-, W!; iso-, G!).
= Ouratea hexasperma (A.St.-Hil.) Baill., Histoire des Plantes 4: 366 (1873).
description: Published as part of Sastre, Claude & Offroy, Bérangère, 2016, Révision nomenclaturale des binômes du genre néotropical Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae) décrits par Van Tieghem, pp. 55-98 in Adansonia 38 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5209011
Methane on Mars: New insights into the sensitivity of CH4 with the NOMAD/ExoMars spectrometer through its first in-flight calibration
Creators: name: Liuzzi, Giuliano
name: Villanueva, Geronimo L.
name: Mumma, Michael J.
name: Smith, Michael D.
name: Daerden, Frank
name: Ristic, Bojan
name: Thomas, Ian
name: Vandaele, Ann Carine
name: Patel, Manish R.
name: Lopez-Moreno, José-Juan
name: Bellucci, Giancarlo
name: team, the NOMAD
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument (NOMAD), onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) spacecraft was conceived to observe Mars in solar occultation, nadir, and limb geometries, and will be able to produce an outstanding amount of diverse data, mostly focused on properties of the atmosphere. The infrared channels of the instrument operate by combining an echelle grating spectrometer with an Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter (AOTF). Using in-flight data, we characterized the instrument performance and parameterized its calibration. In particular: an accurate frequency calibration was achieved, together with its variability due to thermal effects on the grating. The AOTF properties and transfer function were also quantified, and we developed and tested a realistic method to compute the spectral continuum transmitted through the coupled grating + AOTF system. The calibration results enabled unprecedented insights into the important problem of the sensitivity of NOMAD to methane abundances in the atmosphere. We also deeply characterized its performance under realistic conditions of varying aerosol abundances, diverse albedos and changing illumination conditions as foreseen over the nominal mission. The results show that, in low aerosol conditions, NOMAD single spectrum, 1-sigma sensitivity to CH4 is around 0.33 ppbv at 20 km of altitude when performing solar occultations, and better than 1 ppbv below 30 km. In dusty conditions, we show that the sensitivity drops to 0 below 10 km. In Nadir geometry, results demonstrate that NOMAD will be able to produce seasonal maps of CH4 with a sensitivity around 5 ppbv over most of planet's surface with spatial integration over 5x5 degrees bins. Results show also that such numbers can be improved by a factor of 10 to 30 by data binning. Overall, our results quantify NOMAD's capability to address the variable aspects of Martian climate.
DOCUMENTATION - THE SET UP - Remember Me
Creators: name: Newall, Helen
Publisher: name: Edge Hill University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 190205 Interactive Media
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 190504 Performance and Installation Art

description: Remember Me is a miniature installation hosted in an old suitcase, designed for an audience-of-one. It comprises: digital animations of original photographs projected into the suitcase opened as a book-flat; a Victorian photograph album, a page of which is the main screen; a scale model of a trench; and a scrim to achieve 3D projection. The audience-of-one watches twelve minutes of images and text projected onto the screens by pico-projectors; an accompanying soundtrack is delivered via headphones for an immersive experience.
Remember Me is an artistic investigation of the fragmentation of memory, identity, and World War 1 commemoration. The names of those depicted are now separated from those who could once name them: these soldiers have gradually joined the ranks of a new kind of Missing. This process is historical but concerns us: we may photograph to remember people and capture life moments, but this installation defamiliarises and interrogates photographs as sites of memory, documentation and stillness, and imbues its photographic subjects with a brief, uncanny re-existence thereby foregrounding their fading narratives and identities.
Remember Me has been shown in Chester Military Museum; Narberth Museum; Bluecoat, Liverpool; Ansdell Library, Lythm St Anne's; Ormskirk and Formby, TaPRA, Salford, and University of Chester, where conference papers were also delivered; and at Liverpool Hope University. It can be installed in most situations within fifteen minutes.
This PowerPoint demonstrates the set up process for the installation.
Additional file 5 of Eukaryote-wide sequence analysis of mitochondrial β-barrel outer membrane proteins
Creators: name: Imai, Kenichiro
name: Fujita, Naoya
name: M Michael Gromiha
name: Horton, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Authors’ original file for figure 1
Polyouratea subverticillata Tiegh.
Creators: name: Sastre, Claude
name: Offroy, Bérangère
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Ochnaceae
Polyouratea
Polyouratea subverticillata

description: 131. Polyouratea subverticillata (Erhard) Tiegh.
Annales des Sciences naturelles, Botanique, sér. 8, 16: 269 (1902f) nom. illeg. — Gomphia subverticillata Erhard, Flora 32: 254 (1849) nom. illeg. — Ochna verticillata Vell., Flora Fluminensis: 223 (1829) ‘1825’. — Gomphia verticillata (Vell.) Planch., The London Journal of Botany 6: 21 (1847). — Typus: t.89 in Vellozo, Flora Fluminensis 5 (1831) ‘1827’.
= Ouratea verticillata (Vell.) Engl., in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 12 (2): 330 (1876).
NOTE NOMENCLATURALE
Dans sa description, Erhard observe que les feuilles dessinées par Vellozo sont subverticillées; il renomme donc cette espèce « Gomphia subverticillata », de ce fait la combinaison de Tieghem est aussi illégitime.
description: Published as part of Sastre, Claude & Offroy, Bérangère, 2016, Révision nomenclaturale des binômes du genre néotropical Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae) décrits par Van Tieghem, pp. 55-98 in Adansonia 38 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5209011
Ground-state spin blockade in a single-molecule junction
Creators: name: de Bruijckere, Joeri
name: Gehring, Pascal
name: Palacios-Corella, Mario
name: Clemente-León, Miguel
name: Coronado, Eugenio
name: Paaske, Jens
name: Hedegård, Per
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the quantum-mechanical ground state of a nano-scale junction has a significant impact on its electrical transport properties. This becomes particularly important in transistors consisting of a single molecule. Due to strong electron-electron interactions and the possibility to access ground states with high spins, these systems are eligible hosts of a current-blockade phenomenon called ground-state spin blockade. This effect arises from the inability of a charge carrier to account for the spin difference required to enter the junction, as that process would violate the spin selection rules. Here, we present a direct experimental demonstration of ground-state spin blockade in a high-spin single-molecule transistor. The measured transport characteristics of this device exhibit a complete suppression of resonant transport due to a ground-state spin difference of 3/2 between subsequent charge states. Strikingly, the blockade can be reversibly lifted by driving the system through a magnetic ground-state transition in one charge state, using the tunability offered by both magnetic and electric fields.
Additional file 6 of Eukaryote-wide sequence analysis of mitochondrial β-barrel outer membrane proteins
Creators: name: Imai, Kenichiro
name: Fujita, Naoya
name: M Michael Gromiha
name: Horton, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Authors’ original file for figure 2
Holographic Formulation of Quantum Supergravity
Creators: name: Ling, Yi
name: Smolin, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity with a cosmological constant can be expressed as constrained topological field theory based on the supergroup $Osp(1|4)$. The theory is then extended to include timelike boundaries with finite spatial area. Consistent boundary conditions are found which induce a boundary theory based on a supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory. The boundary state space is constructed from states of the boundary supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory on the punctured two sphere and naturally satisfies the Bekenstein bound, where area is measured by the area operator of quantum supergravity.
description: 30 pages, no figure
Mean field equations on tori: existence and uniqueness of evenly symmetric blow-up solutions
Creators: name: Bartolucci, Daniele
name: Gui, Changfeng
name: Hu, Yeyao
name: Jevnikar, Aleks
name: Yang, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J61, 35Q35, 35Q82, 81T13

description: We are concerned with the blow-up analysis of mean field equations. It has been proven in [6] that solutions blowing-up at the same non-degenerate blow-up set are unique. On the other hand, the authors in [18] show that solutions with a degenerate blow-up set are in general non-unique. In this paper we first prove that evenly symmetric solutions on a flat torus with a degenerate two-point blow-up set are unique. In the second part of the paper we complete the analysis by proving the existence of such blow-up solutions by using a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method. Moreover, we deduce that all evenly symmetric blow-up solutions come from one-point blow-up solutions of the mean field equation on a "half" torus.
Composition of forage and grain from genetically modified DP202216 maize is equivalent to non-modified conventional maize (Zea mays L.)
Creators: name: Anderson, Jennifer A.
name: Hong, Bonnie
name: Moellring, Emily
name: TeRonde, Sarah
name: Walker, Carl
name: Wang, Yiwei
name: Maxwell, Carl
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: DP202216 maize was genetically modified to increase and extend the expression of the zmm28 gene relative to native zmm28 gene expression, resulting in plants with enhanced grain yield potential. Standard nutritional and compositional parameters for maize grain and forage (e.g., proximates, fiber, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, anti-nutrients, secondary metabolites) from DP202216 maize were compared to grain and forage from non-modified near-isoline maize (control). Three amino acids (glycine, methionine, and serine) and two vitamins (vitamin B1 and vitamin B3) were statistically different between DP202216 and control maize grain but were not statistically different when adjusted using the false discovery rate method. These analyte values also fell within the ranges of natural variation of non-modified commercial maize varieties supporting that statistical differences were not biologically relevant. The composition of grain and forage from DP202216 maize is comparable to grain and forage from non-modified maize with a history of safe use.
Seticercouratea Tiegh.
Creators: name: Sastre, Claude
name: Offroy, Bérangère
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Ochnaceae
Seticercouratea

description: Genre Seticercouratea Tiegh. nom. inval.
Annales des Sciences naturelles, Botanique, sér. 8, 18: 13 (1903c).
— Espèce type (désignée ici): Seticercouratea lineraris (A.Gray) Tiegh.
description: Published as part of Sastre, Claude & Offroy, Bérangère, 2016, Révision nomenclaturale des binômes du genre néotropical Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae) décrits par Van Tieghem, pp. 55-98 in Adansonia 38 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n1a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5209011
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Improving Gleason Scoring of Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Nagpal, Kunal
name: Foote, Davis
name: Liu, Yun
name: Po-Hsuan
name: Chen
name: Wulczyn, Ellery
name: Tan, Fraser
name: Olson, Niels
name: Smith, Jenny L.
name: Mohtashamian, Arash
name: Wren, James H.
name: Corrado, Greg S.
name: MacDonald, Robert
name: Peng, Lily H.
name: Amin, Mahul B.
name: Evans, Andrew J.
name: Sangoi, Ankur R.
name: Mermel, Craig H.
name: Hipp, Jason D.
name: Stumpe, Martin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For prostate cancer patients, the Gleason score is one of the most important prognostic factors, potentially determining treatment independent of the stage. However, Gleason scoring is based on subjective microscopic examination of tumor morphology and suffers from poor reproducibility. Here we present a deep learning system (DLS) for Gleason scoring whole-slide images of prostatectomies. Our system was developed using 112 million pathologist-annotated image patches from 1,226 slides, and evaluated on an independent validation dataset of 331 slides, where the reference standard was established by genitourinary specialist pathologists. On the validation dataset, the mean accuracy among 29 general pathologists was 0.61. The DLS achieved a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy of 0.70 (p=0.002) and trended towards better patient risk stratification in correlations to clinical follow-up data. Our approach could improve the accuracy of Gleason scoring and subsequent therapy decisions, particularly where specialist expertise is unavailable. The DLS also goes beyond the current Gleason system to more finely characterize and quantitate tumor morphology, providing opportunities for refinement of the Gleason system itself.