cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Segmental Alternations and Metrical Theory
Creators: name: Vaysman, Olga
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation focuses on phonological alternations that are influenced or constrained by word-internal prosody, i.e. prominence and foot structure, and what these alternations can tell us about metrical theory. Detailed case studies of several cases of prosody-sensitive segmental alternations, as well as a survey of such phenomena mentioned in the literature were the empirical basis for this study. I have offered an empirically motivated proposal that constituency and prominence have to be separate entities in the grammar, since some segmental alternations cannot be accounted for without reference to foot boundaries, while others require reference to prominence. The data also shows that there are languages with mismatches between stress assignment pattern and foot structure.Based on the empirical data that prosody-sensitive alternations provide, I develop the formal proposal of representation of prominence and foot structure and their interaction. Prominence is represented by gridmarks on an autosegmental tier, while foot structure is not built on the gridmarks, but is a function of syllables grouped into higher-level constituents. I propose that the relationship between foot structure and prominence should be mediated by violable constraints relating the two entities. I call them Prominence Alignment constraints. Mismatches between foot structure and prominence assignment in a given language are caused, under the present theory, when one of the constraints that refer to prominence but not to foot structure outranks a Prominence Alignment constraint. The factorial typology generated by such ranking is substantiated by the case studies throughout this dissertation. I argue that the model developed in this dissertation generates all types of interaction between foot structure and prominence attested and does not generate unattested patterns.
Rhizoprionodon taylori
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Rhizoprionodon
Rhizoprionodon taylori

description: Rhizoprionodon taylori (Ogilby, 1915)
Australian Sharpnose Shark
Physodon taylori Ogilby, 1915: 117. Holotype: QM I.738 [not QM I.4539], apparently lost. Type locality: Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Local synonymy: Rhizoprionodon taylori— Filewood, 1973: 4 (PNG); Kailola, 1987: 18 (Western Papua to Yule Island; Madang?); Last & Stevens, 2009: 284 (PNG); Ebert et al., 2013: 498, pl. 73 (PNG); White et al., 2018: 178, figs (PNG).
PNG voucher material: (23 spec.) CSIRO H 7612-03, female 420 mm TL, south of Kerema, Gulf of Papua, 8°1’12” S, 145°42’2.4” E, 13–14 m depth, 21 Jun. 2014;; CSIRO H 7814-08, male 360 mm TL, CSIRO H 7814- 0 9, male 360 mm TL, CSIRO H 7814-11, pregnant female 580 mm TL, south of Kerema, Gulf of Papua, 8°3’1.2” S, 145°45’7.2” E, 16–17 m depth, 20 Jun. 2014; KFRS E.260 (12 embryos), 28–90 mm TL, Fairfax Harbour, Port Moresby, 7 Aug. 1965; KFRS E.279A, juvenile male 230 mm TL, north of Yule Island, Central Province, Apr. 1966; KFRS E.653, female 560 mm TL, south of Deception Bay, Gulf of Papua, 8°1’23” S, 144°36’37” E, 21–22 m depth, 29 Nov. 2014; KFRS E.675, female 540 mm TL, east of Fly River mouth, Gulf of Papua, 8°9’5” S, 144°26’53” E, 22–24 m depth, 9 Dec. 2014; KFRS E.698, female 580 mm TL, south of Kerema, Gulf of Papua, 8°2’3.6” S, 145°44’12” E, 16 m depth, 17 Jun. 2014; KFRS E.702, male 560 mm TL, Freshwater Bay, Gulf of Papua, 8°6’39.6” S, 145°53’57” E, 15–19 m depth, 19 Jun. 2014; KFRS E.706, male 450 mm TL, south of Kerema, Gulf of Papua, 8°4’25.3” S, 145°44’36” E, 18–21 m depth, 11 Jun. 2014; KFRS E.711, female 340 mm TL, Freshwater Bay, Gulf of Papua, 8°6’4.2” S, 145°53’12.6” E, 13 m depth, 16 Jun. 2014.
Remarks: First recorded from PNG by Filewood (1973), listed as uncommon. Very abundant in the bycatch of the Gulf of Papua prawn trawl fishery. Small species with most size classes not large enough to get caught in gillnets targeting barramundi.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
New target for HIV-1 transcription, CDK11
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The pandemic form of HIV-1 has infected more than 60 million people and caused more than 25 million deaths. After infection, virus become part of cell, destroying immune system and leading to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced mortality of AIDS-related deaths, but still there is no effective treatment. Therefore AIDS still considered being a significant public health threat. HIV-1 must recruit host proteins to replicate in infected cells. Virus replication usually reduced severely due to HAART. This makes infected cells invisible for effective elimination by immune cells. The mechanism of virus replication studied thoroughly, but there are plenty unveiled milestones yet. We discovered that one of the cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), precisely (CDK11) can greatly contribute to virus replication. Our study will contribute for understanding of HIV-1 latency and will reveal new target for developing drug design.
title: NHR-49/PAARα and HLH-30/TFEB cooperate for C. elegans host defense via a flavin-containing monooxygenase
Creators: name: Wani, Khursheed
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2020

description: During bacterial infection, the host is confronted with multiple overlapping signals that are integrated at the organismal level to produce defensive host responses. How multiple signals are sensed by the host and how they elicit the transcription of specific host defense genes is much less understood at the whole-animal level than at the cellular level. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans is known to mount transcriptional defense responses against intestinal bacterial infections that elicit overlapping starvation and infection responses, but the specific regulation of such responses is not well understood. By directly comparing C. elegans that were either starved or infected with Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus revealed a large infection-specific transcriptional signature. This signature was almost completely abrogated by deletion of transcription factor hlh-30/TFEB, except for six genes including a flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) gene, fmo-2/FMO5. We found that the mechanism of fmo-2/FMO5 induction required the nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-49/PPAR, which induced fmo-2/FMO5 and host defense cell non-autonomously. Moreover, deletion of fmo-2/FMO5 severely compromised infection survival, thus identifying the first FMO important for innate immunity in animals. These findings for the first time reveal an infection-specific host response to S. aureus, identify HLH-30/TFEB as its main regulator, reveal that NHR-49/PPAR contributes to host defense, and demonstrate that FMOs are important innate immunity effectors in animals.
Drosophila chisaca Hunter 1988
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila chisaca

description: chisaca Hunter, 1988: 299. Type locality: Colombia, Cundinamarca, 50 km Bogotá, Chisaca. HT M (CAS). NT Distr.: Colombia (Bogota, D.C). Refs.: Hunter, 1992: 197.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 726, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Triaenodon Muller & Henle 1837
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Triaenodon

description: Genus Triaenodon Müller & Henle, 1837a
Whitetip Reef Shark
Triaenodon Müller & Henle, 1837a: 113. Type species: Carcharias obesus Rüppell, 1837, by subsequent monotypy; appeared first without species then added by Bonaparte (1838).
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Compositional Mammography for Breast Cancer Detection
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Breast cancer early detection screening and diagnosis, primary via mammography, focuses on maximizing the benefits of early detection while minimizing harms. However, one-third of women who are screened with mammography over 10 years have abnormal results, even though no breast cancer is present, thus increasing the costs due re-screening an follow-up procedures. Enhanced imaging techniques are needed to reduce this false-positive rate. Current X-ray mammography measures low energy X-ray attenuation, which cannot classify tissue beyond “dense” or “fatty.” Breast lesions are subjectively classified according to shape and/or the presence of calcifications. Full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital tomosynthesis (i.e., producing a series of slices at different depths) systems have advanced detector and electronics hardware with sophisticated image processing methods. However, both techniques use a fixed X-ray energy spectrum for a given breast type and do not achieve potential improvements in image contrast that are afforded by multi-spectral techniques.

 Thus, the diagnostic imaging field has stalled on the analysis of lesion shape and microcalcifications. The central hypothesis of this grant project is that the water, lipid, and protein content of breast lesions varies sufficiently according to lesion type to provide clinically useful diagnostic information. We will utilize a novel dual-energy imaging technique, 3-component breast imaging (3CB), to analyze breast lesions of various types. These include invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), fibroadenoma and benign breast tissue. First, we will prospectively measure compositional 3-component breast components in a BIRADS 4 and 5 (i.e., suspicious breast abnormalities that indicate the need for biopsy) cohort of 60 women to characterize invasive breast cancer compared to DCIS and benign findings. Next, our goal is to produce a new “risk model” to exclude some women from biopsy and specifically identify women whose lesions are most likely to be cancer.

 We envision this 3CB technology will be used to augment standard mammogram interpretation by a radiologist to estimate the composition of suspicious breast lesions. Because tissue composition is expected to be associated with vasculature and malignant status, we believe that this technique will provide additional information regarding lesion malignant/benign status that is not currently considered during mammography. This imaging technique does not require contrast agents and is expected to be applicable even to dense breasts where sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy, in current practice, are at their lowest.
Size Restrictions in Prosodic Morphology
Creators: name: Ketner, Katherine Heidel
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2006

description: This dissertation proposes a theory of conditions on prosodic constituents and how they relate to morphological categories. A significant effect of such conditions is that they can impose minimal and maximal size limits on roots and words. A good deal of research has established that there are minimality restrictions on words (McCarthy & Prince 1986, Hayes 1995); this dissertation shows how minimal restrictions on roots and maximal size restrictions on both roots and words can be characterized through Prosodic Morphology.
Input-Driven Opacity
Creators: name: Ettlinger, Marc
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: This study addresses the issue of phonological opacity. While many previous proposals have attempted to offer all-encompassing theories of opacity, the goal of this study is more modest based on the belief that further understanding of the phenomenon of opacity will come from looking at specific types of phonological processes and their interactions, as opposed to looking at cases of opacity as a singular phenomenon. To that end, I introduce a new set of generalizations by focusing on cases involving harmony and tonal interactions. Indeed, this particular empirical domain suggests a different understanding of what it even means to be opaque. Furthermore, the general typological finding is that cases of opacity involving tonal interactions and harmony reflect greater faithfulness to underlying representations. This can be formalized within OT by expanding on two-level markedness constraints (McCarthy, 1996) and Correspondence Theory (McCarthy & Prince, 1995) to include diagonal correspondence, a two-level faithfulness constraint. A specific prediction this approach makes is that certain types of transparent feeding and bleeding relationships should not be found when harmonic and tonal interactions are involved. Instead, opacity is the preferred type of process interaction i.e. harmony is generally counter-fed and counter-bled by other phonological processes, contra the hypothesis that opaque interactions are marked (Kiparsky, 1971). One of the challenges opacity presents for theories of phonology is a learnability problem. Indeed, a theory based on increased faithfulness to input forms requires that language learners be able to abstract underlying representations for words despite potentially not hearing them. Using an artificial-grammar learning paradigm, I show that language learners are indeed able to do so.  These results suggest that some process of abstraction is needed to augment theories based on surface-derived generalization such as Natural Generative Phonology (Hooper [Bybee], 1976), exemplar-theory (Pierrehumbert, 1991; Johnson, 1997), statistical theories of phonology (Goldsmith, 2005) and basic OT. Furthermore, under-application/counter-feeding opacity was more learnable than over-application/counter-bleeding opacity for harmony contra the hypothesis that under-application is more marked (Kiparsky, 1968). Finally, the results make predictions as to the maximum proportion of opaque to transparent forms allowed in a language.
Drosophila choachi Hunter 1992
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila choachi

description: choachi Hunter, 1992: 194. Type locality: Colombia, Bogotá, road to Choachi on Mt. Guadalupe, 2 700 m. HT M (CAS). NT Distr.: Colombia.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 726, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Aspects of Tone and Voice in Phuthi
Creators: name: Donnelly, Simon Scurr
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: This dissertation seeks to explore the architecture of tonal structures in a formal phonological analysis of the tone patterns found in Phuthi, a Bantu language. The focus of the work is the phonological presence of high tone (H) in Phuthi, the interaction of this H with potentially polysyllabic tonal 'depression domains', triggered (often, but not always) by phonologically breathy voiced segments that condition low tone within the lexical phonology. Both theoretical and empirical claims are made. Within a general Optimality Theory framework, the Phuthi data requires a distinction between the planning and execution of a H tone within a tonal domain, modeled here with distinct PARSE and EXPRESS constraints in the tone grammar, as there are frequently found to be very significant mismatches between H tone domains--established by lexical tone placement--and domains of tonal depression (consonant-triggered, or morphologically imposed). The morphology that chiefly instantiates these tone phenomena is the wide range of extremely productive verb paradigms present in the language (though productive noun paradigms are explored too). A strong case is made for the presence of tonal low (L) domains, which can be nested--even multiply--within a single H domain. In such instances, the single H tone is argued not to fission into two separate tone domains, nor in any way to instantiate violation of locality. Phuthi does instantiate, however, a wide range of L- and H-domain edge conflicts. When these conflicts coincide with a tone domain-head (a notion developed in the work), the language attempts to force tone shift, a phenomenon widely commented on for Nguni languages. Phuthi displays a number of unprecedented variations on tone shift and tone block, arising from a cline of tone-depression interactions not observed in other languages. Phuthi is shown to be a language that prohibits or severely restricts the coincidence of H and L tone domains over the same interval. And yet the grammar seems often to conspire with the lexicon to assign both H and L features to syllabic nuclei in head positions of phonological domains. The simultaneous assignment of H and L tones introduces a feature conflict that is resolved in a striking variety of ways across verbal and nominal paradigms. Optimal Domains Theory (ODT) is argued to be a theoretical framework capable of sufficiently expressing this range of voice and tone data, in contrast to any type of optimal constraint model that lacks the augmented domains architecture.
Triaenodon obesus
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Triaenodon
Triaenodon obesus

description: Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell 1837)
Whitetip Reef Shark
Carcharias obesus Rüppell, 1837: 64, pl. 18 (fig. 2). Lectotype: SMF 3149 (stuffed); lectotype designation by Klausewitz (1960). Type locality: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea.
Local synonymy: Triaenodon apicalis— Munro, 1958: 113 (Milne Bay Province); Munro, 1967: 11, pl. 1, fig. 11 (New Guinea). Triaenodon obesus— Filewood, 1973: 3 (PNG); Compagno, 1984: 537 (New Guinea); Allen, 1998: 67 (Milne Bay); Baine & Harasti, 2007: 93, fig. (Bootless Bay); Hamilton et al., 2009: 73 (northern Bismarck Archipelago); Drew et al., 2012: 5 (Bootless Bay); Fricke et al., 2014: 14 (Madang); White et al., 2018: 180, figs (PNG).
PNG voucher material: (4 spec.) CSIRO C 271, female embryo 473 mm TL, shoal between Cannac Island & Wabomat Island, Laughlan Island Group, Milne Bay Province, 09°18’ S, 153°40’ E, 17 Oct. 1949; KFRS E.269 (dried jaws), female 1080 mm TL, New Britain area, Sep. 1966; KFRS E.340, Main Reef, Fishermans Island, Port Moresby, 24 Nov. 1968; KFRS E.629, east of Nago Island, Kavieng, New Ireland, 02°35’47.8” S, 150°45’7.42 E, 40 m depth, 30 Sep. 2015.
Remarks: First recorded from PNG by Munro (1958) from the Milne Bay region. Very common reef species throughout PNG, often seen by divers; evidence of local depletion in a number of areas.
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
Drosophila coffeata Williston 1896
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila coffeata

description: coffeata Williston, 1896: 409. Type locality: St. Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Vincent, windware side. LT M (BMNH). Lectotype des. Vilela 1984a: 59. NT Distr.: Colombia (Bogota, D.C), Bolivia, Brazil, West Indies. Refs.: Hoenigsberg 1995b: 177.
flavolineata Duda, 1927: 157. Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Mapiri, Sarampioni, 700 m. HT F (SMT). Syn. Vilela & Bachli 1990: 64.
umbripennis Hendel,1936: 99. Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Santarém, Fazenda Taperinha. LT M (NMW). Lectotype des. and syn. Vilela & Bachli 1990: 64
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 726, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Identifying Novel Drugable Targets Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Currently, the greatest clinical challenge in treating breast cancer occurs in those patients whose tumors lack expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and the HER2 oncoprotein. No targeted agents currently exist against this aggressive type of receptor 'triple negative' breast cancer that disproportionately affects young African American women and also a substantial number of white American women. We have discovered that triple-negative tumors frequently express high levels of the MYC proto-oncogene. The proposal seeks to identify new “synthetic-lethal” strategies to selectively kill triple-negative breast tumors with MYC overexpression. Synthetic lethality arises when a combination of mutations in two or more genes leads to cell death, whereas a mutation in only one of these genes has little effect. Using this strategy, we can take advantage of the elevated MYC signaling in triple-negative tumors to selectively kill them, while sparing normal tissues in which MYC is expressed at much lower levels. We now seek to identify new molecules, such as cell cycle kinase, which when inhibited can preferentially kill triple-negative breast tumor cells. We hypothesize that additional new targets that may be safer to patients can be identified by using an unbiased shRNA-based screening approach in human cells that have high levels of MYC expression.

 Specifically, we plan to conduct an unbiased, high-throughput shRNA screen, focusing on~ 600 kinases and phosphatases, to discover novel MYC-dependent synthetic-lethal interactions in breast cells. In doing so, we will utilize a library of lentiviral shRNA molecules that have been used successfully for similar functional screens. Novel candidates will be further evaluated in human cancer cell lines as well as in mouse models for their impact on triple-negative breast cancer.
Assimilation as Attraction: Computing Distance, Similarity, and Locality in Phonology
Creators: name: Wayment, Adam
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation explores similarity effects in assimilation, proposing an Attraction Framework to analyze cases of parasitic harmony where a trigger-target pair only results in harmony if the trigger and target agree on other features. Attraction provides a natural model of these effects by relating the pressure for assimilation to the representational distance between segments: the more similar a trigger-target pair, the stronger the attraction force between them. Attraction grammars in Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky, 2004) are rigorously compared to those of Harmonic Grammar (HG; Legendre, Miyata, and Smolensky, 1990). A condition for equality of attraction in OT and HG converges with empirical considerations by prohibiting unattested patterns of disjunctive parasitic harmony. Another goal of this work is to investigate how similarity preconditions interact with the locality effects common to harmony. Long-distance consonant harmony, blocking and transparency in vowel harmony, and strictly local assimilation receive a unified explanation in the Attraction Framework by hypothesizing that like features, locality can contribute to a general notion of similarity. A positional similarity hypothesis maintains that string-proximate segments are under greater pressure to assimilate than distal segments. General similarity subsumes aspects of autosegmental phonology, since mapping to a region of a general similarity space parallels projecting to a feature-tier. However, similarity spaces are more powerful, having the flexibility to analyze both consonant intervention and non-intervention in vowel harmony. Moreover, since the Attraction Framework derives from Burzio‘s (2002a,b; 2005) system of representational entailments, it benefits from a strong connectionist underpinning which derives grammatical attraction from network principles, like Hebbian learning (Hebb, 1949) and Harmony maximization (Smolensky, 1986). This dissertation presents neural network simulations of assimilation which illustrate (i) how positional and feature similarity may be related, respectively, to roles and fillers in a system of tensor product representations (Smolensky & Legendre, 2006), (ii) how local and non-local harmony derive from weighting positional and feature similarity, and (iii) how the Attraction Framework is typologically consistent, since networks are unable to learn unattested patterns of anti-parasitic harmony.
Phonology with Ternary Scales
Creators: name: Gnanadesikan, Amalia Elisabeth
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1997

description: The dissertation focuses on the Inherent Voicing scale, which has the values Voiceless Obstruent, Voiced Obstruent, and Sonorant. This scale replaces the traditional features [voice] and [sonorant]. Other scales proposed are the Consonantal Stricture scale (stop, fricative, approximant/vocoid) and the Vowel Height scale (low, mid, high), which replace [continuant], [consonantal], [high] and [low]. Applied within Optimality Theory, the ternary scales framework provides natural explanations for a number of phonological processes which are opaque in binary models. A ternary scale groups together certain phonological classes, while also making a statement that some values on the scale are closer to each other than others.  Specifically, some values are adjacent on the scale and others not. This statement is impossible to make in binary features, but is necessary to capturing certain phonological phenomena. Once assimilation constraints and faithfulness constraints are allowed to make reference to the order and adjacency of the scale values, a natural explanation emerges for previously puzzling processes, such as chain shifts, attraction (as when voiceless obstruents voice before sonorants, or low vowels become mid before high vowels) and coalescence (as when low vowels and high vowels coalesce to mid). Other, more apparently binary processes (such as voicing assimilation or neutralization in obstruents) are also analyzed on the ternary scale.  Such processes are part of a larger class of phenomena which call for a ternary analysis. Chapter 2 considers assimilation and attraction on the Inherent Voicing scale, showing that voicing assimilations in obstruents are a subset of assimilations occurring on the full ternary scale.  Chapter 3 analyzes chain shifts (where voiceless obstruents voice and voiced obstruents become sonorants) as one-step movements along the ternary scale, caused by faithfulness constraints which require that the output stay near the input. Chapter 4 examines the effects of the markedness of voiced obstruents (including coda neutralization) in the context of the Inherent Voicing Scale. Chapter 5 turns to the Consonantal Stricture Scale and Vowel Height Scale, applying analyses developed in earlier chapters.
O'odham Rhythms
Creators: name: Fitzgerald, Colleen Miriam
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1997

description: Morphology and syllable weight have both been shown to affect stress patterns, but these effects are analyzed in different ways.  The theoretical goal of this dissertation is to propose a Optimality Theoretic model to account for how morphology influences stress, and to do this in a way that parallels the influence of weight upon stress.  Prince (1990) lays out the WEIGHT-TO-STRESS PRINCIPLE, formalizing the principle by which heavy syllables attract stress in quantity-sensitive systems.  I argue for the MORPHEME-TO-STRESS PRINCIPLE, a constraint that forces morphemes to attract stress in morphological stress systems.  The WEIGHT-TO- STRESS PRINCIPLE has a counterpart, the STRESS-TO-WEIGHT PRINCIPLE, which forces stressed syllables to be heavy.  The counterpart of the MORPHEME-TO-STRESS PRINCIPLE is the STRESS-TO-MORPHEME PRINCIPLE, which forces stressed syllables to belong to morphemes.  This accounts for systems where epenthetic vowels resist stress assignment.The model proposed here has the following consequences.  First, the MORPHEME- TO-STRESS PRINCIPLE can be invoked to account for the prosodic rooting constraint (as in Hammond 1984; or as in the LXWD=PRWD constraint of McCarthy and Prince 1993).  This one constraint handles word minimality as a morphological effect, just as it accounts for the assignment of stress on morphological grounds in nonminimal contexts.  Second, the formalization of the MORPHEME-TO-STRESS and the STRESS- TO-MORPHEME PRINCIPLES treats MORPHEME and STRESS as variables.  I claim that all logical possible relationships are attested for these three variables: MORPHEME, WEIGHT, and STRESS.  Preliminary results (in Chapter Five) suggest that each possible ordering appears to be attested.The foundation of the theoretical work is a description of the secondary stress patterns in Tohono O'odham, a Uto-Aztecan language formerly known as Papago.  This description reveals that the primary way to predict the stress pattern of a word is the morphology.  Words may surface with varying stress patterns depending on the number of morphemes, the presence of epenthetic vowels, or whether a word has been morphologically truncated.  The descriptive work is the result of my fieldwork on Tohono O'odham.
Tone, Segments, and Their Interaction in North Kyungsang Korean: A Correspondence Theoretic Account
Creators: name: Kim, No-Ju
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1997

description: This thesis places emphasis on the following issues: (i) a default H for tone, (ii) prosodic stem (P-stem) for tone and segments, and (iii) C-command for phrasing. A group of roots has no H in UR.  A default H is assigned to the final syllable of a toneless root if it is heavy, or otherwise to the penult. Recognition of this default H renders a convincing account of the following: (i) tone in loan words, (ii) a unique tone pattern in roots longer than three syllables, (iii) words exhibiting dual tone patterns, (iv) quantity-sensitivity in tone shift and assignment, and (v) asymmetry in the number of words for possible tone patterns. A prosodic unit, P-stem, is recognized not only for this dialect but for all the other dialects of Korean. A morphological stem (M-stem) corresponds to a prosodic stem (P-stem ) unless a mismatch is compelled by other constraints.  One mismatch between the right edges of an M-stem and a P-stem is driven by syllabification. If an M-stem ending with a consonant is followed by a vowel-initial suffix, the M-stem-final consonant is syllabified as the onset of the following syllable. There is a tendency for the edge of a P-stem to be aligned with the edge of a syllable. Due to this, the syllable constructed across an M-stem boundary is incorporated into the P-stem, resulting in a mismatch between the right edges of a P-stem and an M-stem. Recognition of this mismatch explains four seemingly-unrelated phenomena: (i) two types of shortening, (ii) compensatory lengthening, and (iii) blockage of tone shift. The C-command constraint plays a major role in mapping morphosyntactic units to prosodic phrases (P-phrases) with focus or without focus. Dealing with a wide range of syntactic configurations including recursion, embedding, and coordination, it is shown that the mapping, called phrasing, is regulated by a set of constraints. Compounds(composed of more than two words) and modified compounds are organized into a number of P-phrases. Focus also affects phrasing of sentences. The constraint C-command has a focal role in the analysis of all these constructions with focus or without focus.
Optimizing Structure in Context: Scrambling and Information Structure
Creators: name: Choi, Hye-Won
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1996

description: This dissertation examines the "free'' word order or scrambling phenomena in German and Korean from the perspective of constraint interaction in Optimality Theory.  To overcome the problems raised in single-component analyses in explaining word order variation, I propose an 'interface' approach in which the constraints from several different components of grammar participate, compete, and interact with one another.  That is, various word orders are considered to be motivated and constrained by interactions among syntactic, semantic,and discourse principles of these languages.  As the constraints from different modules of grammar are highly conflicting, I utilize Optimality Theory to demonstrate how the constraints interact and resolve conflicts among one another.  In this approach, each scrambled variant, i.e., a sentence with a particular word order, is conceived of as the "optimal'' output, which instantiates the syntactic, semantic, and discourse-contextual information given in the input. I first develop the phrase structural constraints in German and Korean, referred to as CANON, which are responsible for the mapping from the argument-structure and grammatical-function information to the phrase structure configuration, which in turn reflects the surface word order.  Then, I examine the semantic and discourse effects of scrambling and propose a model of information structure based on the two cross classifying discourse features [New] and [Prom] to capture the complex interactions of topic and focus on word order.  The semantic effect of specificity is also handled in terms of information structure by means of semantic restrictions on discourse feature assignment.  Based on this information structure, I propose two information structuring constraints NEW and PROM, which are the mapping constraints between information structure and phrase structure, as the major driving forces of scrambling.  Finally, I demonstrate the interaction and conflict-resolution among these constraints in the German and Korean scrambling data by proposing a particular ranking for each language.
CONNECT: Smoking Cessation and Lung Cancer Screening
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomographic tomography is currently recommended for individuals at high risk for lung cancer based on current or past smoking history. When an individual is about to receive a test for lung cancer, he/she might feel particularly vulnerable to the effects of smoking and so this would be an optimal time to encourage smokers to quit. Little is known about how best to promote smoking cessation among individuals who are receiving lung cancer screening.

 We propose developing and testing a novel smoking cessation intervention, CONNECT, which will start at the time the individual is receiving lung cancer screening. CONNECT will include an interactive Video Doctor which will provide participants with information tailored to their individual responses as well as proactive outreach using brief telephone calls and text messaging to follow up smokers with motivation enhancement to refer and engage patients in evidence based smoking cessation interventions (such as quitline utilization).

 After development and usability testing, we will test CONNECT in a pilot study among diverse smokers in two settings, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, Division of General Internal Medicine. We will first assess feasibility with 10 participants and then conduct a randomized controlled trial with 90 participants to assess the impact of CONNECT on smoking abstinence in these two settings. Participants will be randomized to CONNECT or a control condition where they will undergo assessment and then receive a smoking cessation resource list. The primary study outcome will be biochemically confirmed 30-day smoking abstinence at 3 months. Secondary outcomes will include self reported smoking status at 3 months, quit attempts, use of evidence based smoking cessation resources (quitline, medications to help stop smoking and counseling) feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.

 The knowledge gained from this study will provide the pilot data necessary to apply for a larger study to test our unique intervention for promoting smoking cessation among a diverse population of high-risk smokers so that ultimately more smokers can be reached and encouraged to quit.
Galeocerdo Muller & Henle 1837
Creators: name: White, William T.
name: Ko'Ou, Alfred
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes
Carcharhinidae
Galeocerdo

description: Genus Galeocerdo Müller & Henle, 1837a
Tiger Shark
Galeocerdo Müller & Henle, 1837a: 115. Type species: Squalus arcticus Faber, 1829, by subsequent designation in Bonaparte (1838).
description: Published as part of White, William T. & Ko'Ou, Alfred, 2018, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4411 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1221878
The Rhythmic and Prosodic Organization of Edge Constituents
Creators: name: Hung, Henrietta J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1994

description: This thesis addresses how, when and above all, why, do we sometimes negate the rhythmic or quantitative properties of an edge constituent without negating its segmental properties?  Considerable insight into the nature of the problem has been provided by Hayes (1979 et seq) as well as by Harris (1983) and Inkelas (1989).  For Hayes and Harris, the how question is solved with a rule which renders the edge constituent invisible just prior to the application of stress rules.  For Inkelas, the explanation lies in the mismatch between the domain of phonological rule application and the morphological string.  Similarly, Ito (1986) introduces the concept of extraprosodic licensing for edge constituents that are neither prosodically licensed nor deleted.  Each of these approaches invoke the phenomenon of unrealized rhythmic and quantitative properties, which I refer to as weak parsing. This thesis is couched within a framework known as Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1992, 1993), allowing us to focus on the when and the why of the problem. The how part is left to GEN, the function which takes the input and assigns to it a (possibly infinite) set of candidate analyses.  Here this would involve the construction of many different parses, including the weak parse alluded to above.  Since weak parsing is in general to be avoided, the  why question becomes, what is the nature of the higher ranking constraint which can force weak parsing to be in fact optimal?  The answer I propose, is a rhythmic constraint, a generalized version of Prince and Smolensky's Nonfinality constraint. Final stress is non-rhythmic, and just in case  Rhythm dominates Strict-Parse, weak parsing effects will be observed.  Moreover, the principle of minimal violation provides the necessary means to constrain the when aspect of weak parsing.  This account is completely compatible with a general theory of prosodic organization and constituent wellformedness: deviations occur only under duress.In addition to the explanatory aspects of the theoretical analysis, this thesis makes an empirical contribution.  The examination of a number of languages that exhibit the phenomenon in question reveals a wide array of effects, for which a typological analysis is given.
Local and state regulations of potential relevance for the New Jersey Pinelands: A report to the Pinelands commission
Creators: name: Ross, Hardies
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1980

description: The contract between Ross, Hardies, O'Keefe, Babcock & Parsons and the Pinelands Commission requires Ross, Hardies, under Task II of the Scope of Services, to provide the Commission with an analysis of state and local regulations, as they affect the Pinelands area, in terms of their consistency with the goals and policies of the Commission as they have developed at this point in time. This report is submitted in response to those contract requirements.
Drosophila colmenares Hunter 1988
Creators: name: Tidon, Rosana
name: Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Drosophila
Drosophila colmenares

description: colmenares Hunter, 1988: 305. Type locality: Colombia, Monserrate in Bogotá, along river in aqueduct drainage of the mountain. HT M (CAS). NT Distr.: Colombia (Bogota, D.C). Refs.: Hunter, 1992: 197.
description: Published as part of Tidon, Rosana & Almeida, Jonathan Mendes De, 2016, FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE, pp. 719-751 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 726, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.63, http://zenodo.org/record/263272
Procedural and substantive land management techniques of potential relevance for the New Jersey Pinelands: A report to the Pinelands Commission, Volume 3, substantive elements
Creators: name: Ross, Hardies
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1980

description: This is the third of a five-volume study prepared for the New Jersey Pinelands Commission by Ross, Hardies, O'Keefe, Babcock & Parsons. The purpose of the report is to describe and provide a preliminary analysis of land planning and management techniques which have been used, or proposed, in this and other countries. This report serves as a basis for later elements of the Ross, Hardies work program in which, following an additional data-gathering stage, Ross, Hardies will work with the Commission and its staff to narrow the range of planning and management techniques which merit the Commission's consideration and will, as its final work product, draft specific legislation and regulations designed to achieve the goals and purposes of the New Jersey Pinelands Protection Act of 1979.In this volume we discuss a variety of substantive approaches to land use regulation which may be useful in the Pinelands either as regional regulations or as models for local adoption in response to regional guidelines.
Systemic aging and salivary stem cells
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Aging is the most dominant risk factor for multiple diseases including oral cancer. Due to limited therapies for the elimination of oral cancers, patients routinely undergo radiotherapy, and although beneficial for killing cancer cells, healthy tissue such as the saliva secreting salivary glands are also adversely affected. This inadvertent damage results in dry mouth and has a detrimental impact on the oral health and well-being of the patient. With few symptomatic treatments and no restorative therapies available, this condition lasts a lifetime. Stem cell therapy offers the exciting opportunity of restoring saliva production through regenerating damaged salivary glands. However, despite the vast majority of oral cancer patients being aged 45yrs or older and the well described reduction in salivary gland function that occurs with increasing age, the effects of aging and radiation on the ability of salivary glands to repair after injury is unknown. Thus, in these studies we will define the ability of aged salivary stem cells to repair the salivary gland after radiotherapy and determine if an improvement in the nerve supply can promote regeneration. We perform these experiments with the goal of developing targeted stem cell based strategies for long-term functional restoration of salivary glands in both young and elderly oral cancer survivors.
Procedural and substantive land management techniques of potential relevance for the New Jersey Pinelands: A report to the Pinelands Commission, Volume 5, The taking issue and vested rights
Creators: name: Ross, Ardies
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1980

description: This is the fifth of a five-volume study prepared for the New Jersey Pinelands Commission by Ross, Hardies, O'Keefe, Babcock & Parsons. The purpose of the report is to describe and provide a preliminary analysis of land planning and management techniques which have been used, or proposed, in this and other countries. This report serves as a basis for later elements of the Ross, Hardies work program in which, following an additional data-gathering stage, Ross, Hardies will work with the Commission and its staff to narrow the range of planning and management techniques which merit the Commission's consideration and will, as its final work project, draft specific legislation and regulations designed to achieve the goals and purposes of the New Jersey Pinelands Protection Act of 1979. Presented in this volume is a preliminary legal analysis of the fundamental constitutional principles which must be accommodated in any land use regulatory program.
Procedural and substantive land management techniques of potential relevance for the New Jersey Pinelands: A report to the Pinelands Commission, Volume 4, The foreign experience
Creators: name: Ross, Hardies
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1980

description: This is the fourth of a five-volume study prepared for the New Jersey Pinelands Commission by Ross, Hardies, O'Keefe, Babcock & Parsons. The purpose of the report is to describe and provide a preliminary analysis of land planning and management techniques which have been used, or proposed, in this and other countries. This report serves as a basis for later elements of the Ross, Hardies work program in which, following an additional data-gathering stage, Ross, Hardies will work with the Commission and its staff to narrow the range of planning and management techniques which merit the Cornn1ission's consideration and will, as its final work product, draft specific legislation and regulations designed to achieve the goals and purposes of the New Jersey Pinelands Protection Act of 1979. This volume describes and analyzes a number of land management programs which are currently used in several foreign countries and draw several lessons for the Pinelands program from this foreign experience.