cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Potential Use of Adaptive Control Methods for Improving Adaptive Natural Resource Management
Creators: name: Bond, Craig A.
name: Bond, Craig A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: adaptive control
subject: adaptive management
subject: dynamic programming
subject: value of experimentation
subject: value of information

description: The paradigm of adaptive natural resource management (AM), in which experiments are used to learn about uncertain aspects of natural systems, is gaining prominence as the preferred technique for administration of large-scale environmental projects. To date, however, tools consistent with economic theory have yet to be used to either evaluate AM strategies or improve decision-making in this framework. Adaptive control (AC) techniques provide such an opportunity. This paper demonstrates the conceptual link between AC methods, the alternative treatment of realized information during a planning horizon, and AM practices; shows how the different assumptions about the treatment of observational information can be represented through alternative dynamic programming model structures; and provides a means of valuing alternative treatments of information and augmenting traditional benefit-cost analysis through a decomposition of the value function. The AC approach has considerable potential to help managers prioritize experiments, plan AM programs, simulate potential AM paths, and justify decisions based on an objective valuation framework.
On Steenrod $\mathbb{L}$-homology, generalized manifolds, and surgery
Creators: name: Hegenbarth, Friedrich
name: Repovš, Dušan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N07, 55R20, 57P10, 57R67 (Primary), 18F15, 55M05, 55N20, 57P05, 57P99, 57R65 (Secondary)

description: The aim of this paper is to show the importance of the Steenrod construction of homology theories for the disassembly process in surgery on a generalized $n$-manifold $X^n$, in order to produce an element of generalized homology theory, which is basic for calculations. In particular, we show how to construct an element of the $n$-th Steenrod homology group $H^{st}_{n} (X^{n}, \mathbb{L}^+),$ where $\mathbb{L}^+$ is the connected covering spectrum of the periodic surgery spectrum $\mathbb{L}$, avoiding the use of the geometric splitting procedure, which is standardly used in surgery on topological manifolds.
Valuing Options in Water Markets: A Laboratory Investigation
Creators: name: Hansen, Kristiana
name: Kaplan, Jonathan D.
name: Kroll, Stephan
name: Hansen, Kristiana
name: Kaplan, Jonathan D.
name: Kroll, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Risk and reliability dominate water supply discussions in the arid western United States in light of increasing demand and finite, weather-dependant supply. Thus water agencies increasingly turn to contractual mechanisms such as dry-year options to manage supply risk in advance of need. Although a few water agencies across the West have implemented dry-year options, sufficient data for conventional econometric analysis do not yet exist. We thus utilize experimental economics to analyze the effect of annual dry-year options on water markets. We consider how market structure (competitive versus monopsony power) and option contract availability affect water price and allocation within a market and find that realized gains from trade are on average higher when options can be traded, by 46% in competitive markets and by 63% in dominant buyer markets. Important for the political feasibility of such markets, we also find that gains from trade, once an options market is available, are much more evenly distributed between the single buyer and the many sellers in the case of monopsony.
A matter of perception? investigating subjective and objective exposure to hate speech with a survey and mobile longitudinal linkage study
Creators: name: Wirz, Dominique S.
name: Blassnig, Sina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: An increasing number of media users report frequent encounters with hate speech on the internet. Content moderation is only effective when the applied criteria align with users’ perceptions of hate speech. To explore what media users perceive as hate speech and which factors influence this perception, we used a multi-methods approach. First, we conducted a survey with a representative sample of the Swiss population (N = 2000). Second, participants who reported frequent exposure to hate speech took part in a two-week mobile longitudinal linkage study, uploading screenshots and answering questions each time they encountered hate speech. We analysed N = 564 screenshots to see if they met common academic definitions of hate speech. Our findings show that impoliteness and insults are more likely to be considered hate speech when they affect one’s social identity, and that self-reports indicate higher exposure to hate speech than what was documented via screenshots.
Development in the Midst of Drought: Evaluating an Agricultural Extension and Credit Program in Nicaragua.
Creators: name: Mullally, Conner
name: Mullally, Conner
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: development
subject: extension
subject: credit
subject: spatial
subject: impact evaluation

description: This essay is an evaluation of year one of the Rural Business Development (RBD) program for small rice farmers in León, Nicaragua. The RBD program is administered by the Millennium Challenge Corporation, and is designed to deliver agricultural extension advice and affordable credit in the form of inputs to farm households. This essay estimates the average impact of the program on rice yields and revenues utilizing inverse propensity score weighting combined with linear regression. In conducting statistical inference, it also accounts for the fact that agricultural outcomes are likely correlated over space in a small area such as the one studied here. The results suggest that the program had no impact on average, likely due to the presence of a severe drought during the 2008 – 2009 rice growing season, but that poorer households may have done better than their wealthier counterparts. This does not account for program costs, which when factored in would likely make the overall net benefit of the program negative. There may very well be long term benefits to exploiting extension advice and better access to credit created by the RBD program, and the it appears to have shielded poorer farmers somewhat from the impact of the drought. But the results highlight the danger of introducing programs aimed at raising productivity and incomes in areas subject to system unanticipated shocks. Incorporating risk management techniques or insurance against systemic risk into extension programs may improve welfare and encourage broader participation in agricultural productivity programs going forward.
La France et le populisme
Creators: name: Premat, Christophe
Publisher: name: Stockholm University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 500207
subject: History of ideas
classificationCode: 470308
subject: French language
classificationCode: 430323
subject: Transnational history

description: This presentation is based on a conference given at Folkuniversitetet on 9 October 2024. It explores the evolution of populism in France, tracing its origins and impact on the French political landscape. The discussion begins with definitions and core characteristics of populism, focusing on its rejection of traditional elites, its strong ties to charismatic leaders, and its nationalist overtones. French populism is presented as part of a broader tradition of plebiscitary politics, where direct appeals to the people bypass established political institutions. Key historical figures are highlighted, including General Boulanger, Pierre Poujade, Jean-Marie Le Pen, and modern leaders like Marine Le Pen and Éric Zemmour. The lecture emphasizes how each of these leaders capitalized on popular discontent, often with authoritarian undertones, and how their movements reflected broader social and political shifts in France. The presentation also examines populism's relationship with the media, which plays a crucial role in amplifying populist messages and personalities. By analyzing the interplay between populist leaders and the media, the lecture provides insight into how populism has persisted and evolved in French politics. Then, the presentation addresses the semi-presidential system of the Fifth Republic, highlighting how it has both constrained and facilitated the rise of populist figures, particularly through direct presidential elections. This system, coupled with a pervasive distrust of political elites, continues to shape the role of populism in contemporary France.
Distributed Associative Memory Network with Memory Refreshing Loss
Creators: name: Park, Taewon
name: Choi, Inchul
name: Lee, Minho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite recent progress in memory augmented neural network (MANN) research, associative memory networks with a single external memory still show limited performance on complex relational reasoning tasks. Especially the content-based addressable memory networks often fail to encode input data into rich enough representation for relational reasoning and this limits the relation modeling performance of MANN for long temporal sequence data. To address these problems, here we introduce a novel Distributed Associative Memory architecture (DAM) with Memory Refreshing Loss (MRL) which enhances the relation reasoning performance of MANN. Inspired by how the human brain works, our framework encodes data with distributed representation across multiple memory blocks and repeatedly refreshes the contents for enhanced memorization similar to the rehearsal process of the brain. For this procedure, we replace a single external memory with a set of multiple smaller associative memory blocks and update these sub-memory blocks simultaneously and independently for the distributed representation of input data. Moreover, we propose MRL which assists a task's target objective while learning relational information existing in data. MRL enables MANN to reinforce an association between input data and task objective by reproducing stochastically sampled input data from stored memory contents. With this procedure, MANN further enriches the stored representations with relational information. In experiments, we apply our approaches to Differential Neural Computer (DNC), which is one of the representative content-based addressing memory models and achieves the state-of-the-art performance on both memorization and relational reasoning tasks.
description: Published (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608021003014?via%3Dihub), Code (https://github.com/taewonpark/DAM)
How integrative modelling can break down disciplinary silos
Creators: name: Kragt, Marit Ellen
name: Robson, Barbara J.
name: Macleod, Christopher J.A.
name: Kragt, Marit Ellen
name: Robson, Barbara J.
name: Macleod, Christopher J.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Environmental modelling
subject: Interdisciplinary research
subject: Transdisciplinarity
subject: Integration

description: Effective management of environmental systems requires assessments of multiple (physical, ecological, and socio-economic) issues and integration of knowledge from various disciplinary experts. Integrative research faces widely acknowledged theoretical and practical challenges. In this paper, we argue that model development aimed at integrating multidisciplinary inputs can overcome many of these difficulties. Environmental models can act as a shared goal and provide a framework for successful integrative research. Modellers often have the more generalist background and overarching perspective required to develop a shared understanding of a system. Modellers are therefore well-placed to facilitate integrative processes. We discuss the challenges of integrative research and discuss how modellers, and model development, can facilitate successful integration through: definition of common research questions and objectives; conceptual modelling; identification of project participants; aligning terminologies; and stressing the importance of communication and trust
description: This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed journal as: Kragt, M.E., Robson, B.J. & Macleod, C.J.A. (2013) Modellers’ roles in structuring integrative research projects. Environmental Modelling & Software, 39(1): 322-330. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.06.015
In vitro evaluation of the mucoadhesive properties of zinc hyaluronate
Creators: name: Ponedel’kina, Irina Yu.
name: Khaybrakhmanova, Elvira A.
name: Rakhimova, Lyubov Yu.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Zinc hyaluronate (HA-Zn) is a polymeric salt that combines the unique properties of natural hyaluronic acid (HA) and such a vital element as zinc, which has antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. For therapeutic purposes, the HA-Zn substance (in various formulations) is used mainly in contact with biological surfaces, including mucous membranes, and increased mucoadhesiveness can provide prolonged local action of this substance. Using porcine stomach mucin (type III) and turbidimetric titration at pH 2.0, 4.0, 6.5 and 8.0, this study was aimed to evaluate the mucoadhesiveness of HA-Zn at low concentrations in aqueous solutions (0.1–1.0 mg/mL). For comparison, the HA sodium salt (HA-Na) mucoadhesiveness was tested. The results showed that HA-Zn, unlike HA-Na, exhibited mucoadhesive properties at all pH values, and the strongest mucoadhesiveness was observed under acidic conditions at the HA-Zn concentration of ≥0.78 mg/mL and HA-Zn/mucin weight ratios of 1.0–1.1 and higher.
Additional file 3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nutrient signaling pathways show an unexpected early activation pattern during winemaking
Creators: name: Vallejo, Beatriz
name: Matallana, Emilia
name: Aranda, Agustín
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Superoxide levels measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) incubation. Cells of selected strains were grown in YPD and tested in exponential and stationary condition.
Strain-dependent exciton diffusion in transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Rosati, Roberto
name: Brem, Samuel
name: Perea-Causín, Raül
name: Schmidt, Robert
name: Niehues, Iris
name: de Vasconcellos, Steffen Michaelis
name: Bratschitsch, Rudolf
name: Malic, Ermin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have a remarkable excitonic landscape with deeply bound bright and dark exciton states. Their properties are strongly affected by lattice distortions that can be created in a controlled way via strain. Here, we perform a joint theory-experiment study investigating exciton diffusion in strained tungsten disulfide (WS$_2$) monolayers. We reveal a non-trivial and non-monotonic influence of strain. Lattice deformations give rise to different energy shifts for bright and dark excitons changing the excitonic landscape, the efficiency of intervalley scattering channels, and the weight of single exciton species to the overall exciton diffusion. We predict a minimal diffusion coefficient in unstrained WS$_2$ followed by a steep speed-up by a factor of 3 for tensile biaxial strain at about 0.6\% strain - in excellent agreement with our experiments. The obtained microscopic insights on the impact of strain on exciton diffusion are applicable to a broad class of multi-valley 2D materials.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, supplementary info (10 pages, 5 figures)
Midgap States and Generalized Supersymmetry in Semi-infinite Nanowires
Creators: name: Huang, Bor-Luen
name: Wu, Shin-Tza
name: Mou, Chung-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Edge states of semi-infinite nanowires in tight binding limit are examined. We argue that understanding these edge states provides a pathway to generic comprehension of surface states in many semi-infinite physical systems. It is shown that the edge states occur within the gaps of the corresponding bulk spectrum (thus also called the midgap states). More importantly, we show that the presence of these midgap states reflects an underlying generalized supersymmetry. This supersymmetric structure is a generalized rotational symmetry among sublattices and results in a universal tendency: all midgap states tend to vanish with periods commensurate with the underlying lattice. Based on our formulation, we propose a structure with superlattice in hopping to control the number of localized electronic states occurring at the ends of the nanowires. Other implications are also discussed. In particular, it is shown that the ordinarily recognized impurity states can be viewed as disguised midgap states.
description: 6 figures
Dynamic Field Experiments in Development Economics: Risk Valuation in Morocco, Kenya, and Peru
Creators: name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Galarza, Francisco B.
name: McPeak, John G.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Boucher, Stephen R.
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Chantarat, Sommarat
name: Fadlaoui, Aziz
name: Mude, Andrew G.
name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Galarza, Francisco B.
name: McPeak, John G.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Boucher, Stephen R.
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Chantarat, Sommarat
name: Fadlaoui, Aziz
name: Mude, Andrew G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: poverty
subject: risk and uncertainty
subject: dynamics
subject: experiments
subject: Kenya
subject: Morocco
subject: Peru

description: The effective design and implementation of interventions that reduce vulnerability and poverty require a solid understanding of underlying poverty dynamics and associated behavioral responses. Stochastic and dynamic benefit streams can make it difficult for the poor to learn the value of such interventions to them. We explore how dynamic field experiments can help (i) intended beneficiaries to learn and understand these complicated benefit streams, and (ii) researchers to better understand how the poor respond to risk when faced with nonlinear welfare dynamics. We discuss and analyze dynamic risk valuation experiments in Morocco, Peru, and Kenya.
NEWSPAPER STYLE AND THE LANGUAGE OF MEDIA
Creators: name: Nomozova, Farangiz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Language is an essential part of our everyday life. It plays central role in all the spheres of life and it is an important tool that sets humans apart from other species. Basically, we use language in order to inform other people about us, about what we feel, what we want and generally, in order to understand and reveal the world around us (importanceoflanguages.com).
Additional file 1 of Morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients with invasive group A streptococcus infection: an observational study
Creators: name: Björck, Viveka
name: Påhlman, Lisa I.
name: Bodelsson, Mikael
name: Ann-Cathrine Petersson
name: Kander, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Sensitivity analyses of the control group.
High-precision epsilon expansions of single-mass-scale four-loop vacuum bubbles
Creators: name: Schroder, Y.
name: Vuorinen, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we present a high-precision evaluation of the expansions in $\e=(4-d)/2$ of (up to) four-loop scalar vacuum master integrals, using the method of difference equations developed by S. Laporta. We cover the complete set of `QED-type' master integrals, i.e. those with a single mass scale only (i.e. $m_i\in\{0,m\}$) and an even number of massive lines at each vertex. Furthermore, we collect all that is known analytically about four-loop `QED-type' masters, as well as about {\em all} single-mass-scale vacuum integrals at one-, two- and three-loop order.
description: 25 pages, uses axodraw.sty
Galilean invariance of shallow cumulus convection large-eddy simulations
Creators: name: Lamaakel, Oumaima
name: Matheou, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In large-eddy simulations (LES) a computational-domain translation velocity can be used to improve performance by allowing longer time-step intervals. The continuous equations are Galilean invariant, however, standard finite-difference-based discretizations are not discretely invariant with the error being proportional to the product of the local translation velocity and the truncation error. Even though such numerical errors are expected to be small, it is shown that in LES of buoyant convection the turbulent large-scale flow organization can modulate and amplify the error. Galilean invariance of global flow statistics is observed in well-resolved direct numerical simulations (DNS). In LES of single-phase convection under an inversion, flow statistics are nearly Galilean invariant and do not depend on the order of accuracy of the finite difference approximation. In contrast, in LES of cloudy convection, flow statistics show strong dependence on the frame of reference and the order of approximation. The error with respect to the frame of reference becomes negligible as the order of accuracy is increased from second to sixth in the present LES. Schemes with low resolving power can produce large dispersion errors in the surface-fixed frame that can be amplified by large-scale flow anisotropies, such as strong updrafts rising in a non-turbulent free troposphere in cumulus-cloud layers. Interestingly, in the present large-eddy simulations, a second-order discretization in the proper Galilean frame can yield comparable accuracy as a high-order scheme in the surface-fixed frame.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.05554
A novel chrysin derivative HYS-072 induces apoptosis and autophagy in Triple-negative breast cancer cells
Creators: name: Hou, Yusen
name: Zeng, Chenjuan
name: Yang, Yaosong
name: Peng, Teng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biophysics
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant threat to women’s health as a malignant breast tumour. The limited efficacy of chemotherapy has spurred the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Natural products serve as the foundation for drug discovery, with structural alterations playing a crucial role in the process of pharmaceutical exploration. This study introduced a new chrysin derivative, HYS-072, which includes a urea group and demonstrates micromolar equipotent inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 3.3 μM). In vitro investigations have shown that HYS-072 triggers apoptosis and autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. In the xenograft model conducted in vivo, HYS-072 demonstrated efficacy in suppressing cancer growth through the modulation of autophagy-related signalling pathways. Collectively, HYS-072 shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC. This research underscores the potential of utilising natural product-based autophagy induction as a strategy for TNBC treatment.
The Unforeseen Developments Clause in Safeguards under the WTO: Confusions in Compliance
Creators: name: Raychaudhuri, Tilottama
name: Raychaudhuri, Tilottama
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: India
subject: international trade
subject: safeguards
subject: unforeseen developments
subject: WTO

description: In this article the author explores in detail the “unforeseen developments” requirement in the Agreement on Safeguards under the WTO. The author seeks to answer questions such as whether the requirement (i.e., unforeseen developments must be demonstrated in order for safeguard measures to be justified) is an integral part of the Agreement on Safeguards, and how the subjectivity associated with this requirement contributes to the difficulty of constructing a reasoned and adequate account of the causal chain. The article also includes within its scope a brief analysis of larger issues such as the political and economic rationale behind safeguard measures, and how ambiguities in the Agreement on Safeguards can destabilize the discipline of safeguards and defeat one of its major purposes - to help countries nurture their infant industries. Finally, the article reflects upon how India, being one of the leading users of safeguard measures as of 2008, is likely to be affected by unclear areas in the present legislation such as the unforeseen developments clause.
Logarithmic Conformal Field Theory - or - How to Compute a Torus Amplitude on the Sphere
Creators: name: Flohr, Michael A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review some aspects of logarithmic conformal field theories which might shed some light on the geometrical meaning of logarithmic operators. We consider an approach, put forward by V. Knizhnik, where computation of correlation functions on higher genus Riemann surfaces can be replaced by computations on the sphere under certain circumstances. We show that this proposal naturally leads to logarithmic conformal field theories, when the additional vertex operator insertions, which simulate the branch points of a ramified covering of the sphere, are viewed as dynamical objects in the theory. We study the Seiberg-Witten solution of supersymmetric low energy effective field theory as an example where physically interesting quantities, the periods of a meromorphic one-form, can effectively be computed within this conformal field theory setting. We comment on the relation between correlation functions computed on the plane, but with insertions of twist fields, and torus vacuum amplitudes.
description: LaTeX, 38 pp. 3 figures (provided as eps and as pdf). Contribution to the Ian Kogan Memorial Volume "From Fields to Strings: Circumnavigating Theoretical Physics"
Ojibwa fishing grounds : a history of Ontario fisheries law, science, and the sportsmen’s challenge to Aboriginal treaty rights, 1650-1900
Creators: name: Thoms, J. Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation investigates the question: what happened to the Ojibwa right to fish in southern Ontario? The region is one of the oldest and most complex in Canada for Aboriginal and treaty rights negotiations and fisheries law. The study involves community-based case studies with four Mississauga and three Chippewa First Nations. It reconstructs their system and laws for the conservation of their valued ecosystem components prior to their first treaties with the British Crown in 1783. This forms the critical environmental context from which to interpret Ojibwa treaty strategies. The Crown made no records of the first treaties, but Ojibwa oral histories of the agreements hold that they reserved the regions' wetlands and fisheries for their exclusive use, agreeing only to cede arable uplands to the Crown for agricultural settlement. The dissertation corroborates the oral histories in British records. Further, the study demonstrates that the parliament of Upper Canada protected the Ojibwa treaty fishing rights in a series of "Acts for the Preservation of Salmon" (1807, 1810,1820,1823); settlers bore the burden of the first conservation laws. The dissertation then asks what happened to these treaty and legislative protections? It identifies a cabal of mid-19th century sportsmen who developed a series of enduring arguments against Aboriginal rights and infiltrated parliament to effect new legislation that criminalized Ojibwa fishing systems and entrenched their own methods. The final component applies methods from science and technology studies to demonstrate how sportsmen's associations influenced the early development of fisheries science research to make scientific truth statements that endorsed their social interests and recast the Aboriginal fishing systems as a serious threat to the conservation of stocks. The sportsmen's 19th scientific truth statements are critically studied for their roots in a colonial power struggle. They remain at the core of modern fisheries management principles and continue to obstruct the rehabilitation of Ojibwa fishing systems and treaty rights.
Whistler-regulated MHD: Transport equations for electron thermal conduction in the high $β$ intracluster medium of galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Drake, J. F.
name: Pfrommer, C.
name: Reynolds, C. S.
name: Ruszkowski, M.
name: Swisdak, M.
name: Einarsson, A.
name: Thomas, T.
name: Hassam, A. B.
name: Roberg-Clark, G. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport equations for electron thermal energy in the high $β_e$ intracluster medium (ICM) are developed that include scattering from both classical collisions and self-generated whistler waves. The calculation employs an expansion of the kinetic electron equation along the ambient magnetic field in the limit of strong scattering and assumes whistler waves with low phase speeds $V_w\sim{v}_{te}/β_e\ll{v}_{te}$ dominate the turbulent spectrum, with $v_{te}$ the electron thermal speed and $β_e\gg1$ the ratio of electron thermal to magnetic pressure. We find: (1) temperature-gradient-driven whistlers dominate classical scattering when $L_c>L/β_e$, with $L_c$ the classical electron mean-free-path and $L$ the electron temperature scale length, and (2) in the whistler dominated regime the electron thermal flux is controlled by both advection at $V_w$ and a comparable diffusive term. The findings suggest whistlers limit electron heat flux over large regions of the ICM, including locations unstable to isobaric condensation. Consequences include: (1) the Field length decreases, extending the domain of thermal instability to smaller length-scales, (2) the heat flux temperature dependence changes from $T_e^{7/2}/L$ to $V_wnT_e\sim{T}_e^{1/2}$, (3) the magneto-thermal and heat-flux driven buoyancy instabilities are impaired or completely inhibited, and (4) sound waves in the ICM propagate greater distances, as inferred from observations. This description of thermal transport can be used in macroscale ICM models.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The radiative decays $ϕ\toγa_0/f_0$ in the molecular model for the scalar mesons
Creators: name: Kalashnikova, Yu. S.
name: Kudryavtsev, A. E.
name: Nefediev, A. V.
name: Hanhart, C.
name: Haidenbauer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the radiative decays of the $ϕ$ meson to the scalar mesons $a_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$. We demonstrate that, contrary to earlier claims, these decays should be of the same order of magnitude for a molecular state and for a compact state and, therefore, the available experimental information is consistent with both, a molecular as well as a compact structure of the scalars. Thus, the radiative decays of the $ϕ$ meson into scalars establish a sizable $K\bar K$ component of the scalar mesons, but do not allow to discriminate between molecules and compact states.
description: 9 pages; extended discussion on finite width effects; version as published in Eur. Phys. J
Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Materials With In-SITU Resources
Creators: name: Cheibas, Ina
name: Popovich, Vera
name: Rich, Bee
name: Laot, Mathilde
name: Castillo, Sarah Rodriguez
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Instrumentation, Techniques, and Astronomical Observations

description: This study examines the additive manufacturing feasibility of functionally graded materials with in-situ resources. A potential application of the outcome is for aerospace components and space habitats. At first, compatible in-situ resources for functionally graded materials and additive manufacturing (AM) suitable processes are investigated. Then powder characterization of three lunar simulants is performed to evaluate them for the fabrication tests. The chemical compositions, particle shape and size distribution, and thermal characteristics of the powders were analysed.This paper is a part of an ongoing study, with a final aim to develop a functionally-graded composite at the level of concept validation and evaluate it for thermal and mechanical properties.
Additional file 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nutrient signaling pathways show an unexpected early activation pattern during winemaking
Creators: name: Vallejo, Beatriz
name: Matallana, Emilia
name: Aranda, Agustín
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Spot analysis of 14 commercial S. cerevisiae strains. Serial dilutions were spotted on plates containing A) 60 mg/l canavanine on SD B) 1 mg/l sulfometuron methyl in SD C) 1 mM methionine sulfoximine in YPD D) 100 nM rapamycin in YPD.
Analysing agricultural productivity growth in a framework of institutional quality
Creators: name: Ahmed, Mirza Nomman
name: Maas, Sarah
name: Schmitz, P. Michael
name: Ahmed, Mirza Nomman
name: Maas, Sarah
name: Schmitz, P. Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Eastern Europe
subject: Transition
subject: Productivity growth

description: This paper addresses the question whether the institutional environment of transition countries in Eastern Europe affects productivity growth in the agricultural sector. Situated in a neoclassical growth framework, a dynamic panel model for the period 1996-2005 provides evidence that poor institutional quality leads to a slowdown in agricultural productivity growth. Productivity growth is limited by a high degree of corruption, which is of particular importance given that corruption has been proven to be most prevalent in Eastern European countries. Moreover, agricultural productivity in countries where privatisation and transferability of land is restricted is found to grow at a slower rate than countries supporting market-oriented land reforms. Interestingly, the results suggest that a high degree of openness leads to a loss in agricultural productivity, suggesting that timing and sequencing of trade reforms matter. An improvement of the poor institutional quality is thus of central importance to accelerate productivity growth in Eastern European countries.
A machine learning approach for forecasting hierarchical time series
Creators: name: Mancuso, Paolo
name: Piccialli, Veronica
name: Sudoso, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach for forecasting hierarchical time series. When dealing with hierarchical time series, apart from generating accurate forecasts, one needs to select a suitable method for producing reconciled forecasts. Forecast reconciliation is the process of adjusting forecasts to make them coherent across the hierarchy. In literature, coherence is often enforced by using a post-processing technique on the base forecasts produced by suitable time series forecasting methods. On the contrary, our idea is to use a deep neural network to directly produce accurate and reconciled forecasts. We exploit the ability of a deep neural network to extract information capturing the structure of the hierarchy. We impose the reconciliation at training time by minimizing a customized loss function. In many practical applications, besides time series data, hierarchical time series include explanatory variables that are beneficial for increasing the forecasting accuracy. Exploiting this further information, our approach links the relationship between time series features extracted at any level of the hierarchy and the explanatory variables into an end-to-end neural network providing accurate and reconciled point forecasts. The effectiveness of the approach is validated on three real-world datasets, where our method outperforms state-of-the-art competitors in hierarchical forecasting.
Contractual Relationships in the Hungarian Milk Sector
Creators: name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Szabo, Gabor G.
name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Szabo, Gabor G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: transaction costs
subject: contracts
subject: milk products
subject: Hungary

description: In this paper we present an empirical analysis of farmers’ contracting choice in the Hungarian milk sector using 2005 milk producer survey data, employing transaction cost economics. We focus on analysing some key determinants of farmers’ contracting choices: type of contracts, duration, number of contractors, incentives provided in the contract and business history of farmers and buyers. Some of the main results include the importance and effect of farm size, quantity of milk delivered, planned short and long run or contract related investment on farm, the possibility of farmer to influence prices on the contracting choices.
Identifying Lenses with Small-Scale Structure. II. Fold Lenses
Creators: name: Keeton, Charles R.
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Petters, A. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the source in a 4-image gravitational lens lies close to a "fold" caustic, two of the lensed images lie close together. If the lens potential is smooth on the scale of the separation between the two close images, then the difference between their fluxes should approximately vanish, Rfold = (F1-F2)/(F1+F2) \approx 0. Violations of this "fold relation" in observed lenses are thought to indicate the presence of structure on scales smaller than the separation between the close images. We study the fold relation and find it to be more subtle and rich than was previously realized. The degree to which Rfold can differ from zero for realistic smooth lenses depends not only on the distance of the source from the caustic, but also on its location along the caustic, and on the angular structure of the lens potential. Thus, it is impossible to say from Rfold alone whether observed flux ratios are anomalous or not. Instead, we must consider the full distribution of Rfold values that can be obtained from smooth potentials that reproduce the separation between the two close images and the distance to the next nearest image. We analyze the generic and specific features of this distribution, and then show that 5 of the 12 known lenses with fold configurations have flux ratio anomalies: B0712+472, SDSS 0924+0219, PG 1115+080, B1555+375, and B1933+503. Combining this with our previous analysis revealing anomalies in 3 of the 4 known lenses with cusp configurations, we conclude that at least half (8/16) of all 4-image lenses that admit generic, local analyses exhibit flux ratio anomalies indicative of small-scale structure. The fold and cusp relations do not reveal the nature of the implied small-scale structure, but do provide the formal foundation for substructure studies. [Abridged]
description: accepted in ApJ; 24 pages, color figures; new data added for SDSS0924, PG1115, and B1422; discussion in Section 6 trimmed for clarity; other minor clarifications added
Additional file 1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nutrient signaling pathways show an unexpected early activation pattern during winemaking
Creators: name: Vallejo, Beatriz
name: Matallana, Emilia
name: Aranda, Agustín
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Strains used in this work. Strains are listed alphabetically, indicating their full commercial name in the case of industrial strains, or genotype in the case of laboratory strains. The nitrogen needs are indicated according to the technical datasheets provided by the manufacturer in their web site (lallemandwine.com and fermentins.com). The precedence or producer of each strain is indicated.
Is speech special? : insights from neonates and neuroimaging
Creators: name: Vouloumanos, Athena
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Language is a uniquely human adaptation that is hypothesised to require specialised anatomical substrates and dedicated processing mechanisms. Speech, the primary medium for language, is argued to rely on specialised substrates and processing as well. Yet, to date, evidence for the speech specialisation hypothesis has been equivocal. The four experiments in this thesis aim to advance the discussion in two ways. The differential processing of speech by humans was investigated through the use of functional neuroimaging tools (Experiment One), and through developmental studies of young infants' listening biases (Experiments Two-Four). In Experiment One, functional neuroimaging tools are used to investigate the specificity of neural substrates recruited in detecting speech compared with closely matched non-speech controls. This study takes advantage of an event-related imaging design that provides a narrow window of observation for neural recruitment during individual stimulus events. The results of the first study demonstrate that adults activate specific neural substrates when detecting speech sounds, indicating that specialised substrates are involved from the early processing stages. Experiments Two through Four take an ethological approach to speech specialisation and investigate whether young infants show a bias for listening to speech as compared to matched non-speech sounds. In Experiment Two, behavioural methods probe whether young infants of 2 to 7 months show listening preferences for speech compared with non-speech. Experiment Three seeks to establish the roots of a speech bias in the neonatal period. Finally, Experiment Four investigates the origin of the bias, to determine whether the speech bias originates from prenatal experience, or is independent of specific experience. The results of these studies show that differential processing has its roots in early infancy, with infants demonstrating a preference for listening to speech from birth. The speech bias shown by neonates appears not to be based on specific experience with speech sounds, but instead is rooted in human biology. Human infants are prewired to preferentially attend to speech, granting speech a special status in relation to other sounds.
Investigating affordability problems of utility services – A theoretical study on the ratio measure
Creators: name: Gawel, Erik
name: Bretschneider, Wolfgang
name: Gawel, Erik
name: Bretschneider, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Affordability
subject: Transition Countries
subject: Utility Services

description: Unlike in developing countries, there tends to be no problem of access to water, electricity, and heating for private households in transition countries. However, transition countries have a considerable amount of low-income households, and the problem of affordability of these environmental-related utility services remains urgent. Welfare economics literature suggests to neglect affordability aspects by separating allocative from distributive impacts of pricing. In practice, this separation runs the risk of rendering impossible any sustainability-oriented price reform. An Institutional Economics approach takes competing objectives into account. From this viewpoint it appears to be worth investigating the affordability-concept. Although the affordability-related research has escalated remarkably in recent years, the theoretical contributions are still limited. Hence, we focus on the simple ratio measure often used in practice. We analyze the arguments speaking for the ‘potential affordability approach’. But we find that - within that approach – adhering formally to the ratio measure is possible only under conditions that make no sense regarding the concern of the measure. Thus for most cases the ratio measure is misleading. Some considerations on practical use for governance conclude the paper.