cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the dynamic efficiency of internal shocks in magnetized relativistic outflows
Creators: name: Mimica, P.
name: Aloy, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamic efficiency of conversion of kinetic-to-thermal/magnetic energy of internal shocks in relativistic magnetized outflows. We model internal shocks as being caused by collisions of shells of plasma with the same energy flux and a non-zero relative velocity. The contact surface, where the interaction between the shells takes place, can break up either into two oppositely moving shocks (in the frame where the contact surface is at rest), or into a reverse shock and a forward rarefaction. We find that for moderately magnetized shocks (magnetization $σ\simeq 0.1$), the dynamic efficiency in a single two-shell interaction can be as large as 40%. Thus, the dynamic efficiency of moderately magnetized shocks is larger than in the corresponding unmagnetized two-shell interaction. If the slower shell propagates with a sufficiently large velocity, the efficiency is only weakly dependent on its Lorentz factor. Consequently, the dynamic efficiency of shell interactions in the magnetized flow of blazars and gamma-ray bursts is effectively the same. These results are quantitatively rather independent on the equation of state of the plasma. The radiative efficiency of the process is expected to be a fraction $f_r<1$ of the estimated dynamic one, the exact value of $f_r$ depending on the particularities of the emission processes which radiate away the thermal or magnetic energy of the shocked states.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 8 pages, 6 figures. The definitive version is available at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com
title: A Zinpyr-1-based fluorimetric microassay for free zinc in human serum
Creators: name: Alker, Wiebke
name: Schwerdtle, Tanja
name: Schomburg, Lutz
name: Haase, Hajo
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Zinc is an essential trace element, making it crucial to have a reliable biomarker for evaluating an individual’s zinc status. The total serum zinc concentration, which is presently the most commonly used biomarker, is not ideal for this purpose, but a superior alternative is still missing. The free zinc concentration, which describes the fraction of zinc that is only loosely bound and easily exchangeable, has been proposed for this purpose, as it reflects the highly bioavailable part of serum zinc. This report presents a fluorescence-based method for determining the free zinc concentration in human serum samples, using the fluorescent probe Zinpyr-1. The assay has been applied on 154 commercially obtained human serum samples. Measured free zinc concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 0.42 nM with a mean of 0.22 ± 0.05 nM. It did not correlate with age or the total serum concentrations of zinc, manganese, iron or selenium. A negative correlation between the concentration of free zinc and total copper has been seen for sera from females. In addition, the free zinc concentration in sera from females (0.21 ± 0.05 nM) was significantly lower than in males (0.23 ± 0.06 nM). The assay uses a sample volume of less than 10 µL, is rapid and cost-effective and allows us to address questions regarding factors influencing the free serum zinc concentration, its connection with the body’s zinc status, and its suitability as a future biomarker for an individual’s zinc status.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1086
Carolina von Deschwanden (1794-1870) an Joseph Wolfgang von Deschwanden (1819-1866) und an Karl von Deschwanden (1823-1889)
Creators: name: Deschwanden, Carolina von
name: Deschwanden, Theodor von
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1844

description: Brief aus Stans.
Briefzusatz von Theodor von Deschwanden
Parallactic Motion for Companion Discovery: An M-Dwarf Orbiting Alcor
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Neil
name: Oppenheimer, Ben R.
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Brenner, Douglas
name: Parry, Ian R.
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Anand
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne
name: Beichman, Charles
name: Crepp, Justin R.
name: Vasisht, Gautam
name: Roberts, Lewis C.
name: Burruss, Rick
name: King, David L.
name: Soummer, Rémi
name: Dekany, Richard
name: Shao, Michael
name: Bouchez, Antonin
name: Roberts, Jennifer E.
name: Hunt, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The A5V star Alcor has an M3-M4 dwarf companion, as evidenced by a novel astrometric technique. Imaging spectroscopy combined with adaptive optics coronagraphy allowed for the detection and spectrophotometric characterization of the point source at a contrast of ~6 J- and H-band magnitudes and separation of 1" from the primary star. The use of an astrometric pupil plane grid allowed us to determine the projected separations between the companion and the coronagraphically occulted primary star to <=3 milliarcsecond precision at two observation epochs. Our measurements demonstrate common parallactic and proper motion over the course of 103 days, significantly shorter than the period of time needed for most companion confirmations through proper motion measurements alone. This common parallax method is potentially more rigorous than common proper motion, ensuring that the neighboring bodies lie at the same distance, rather than relying on the statistical improbability that two objects in close proximity to each other on the sky move in the same direction. The discovery of a low-mass (~0.25M_sun) companion around a bright (V = 4.0), nearby (d = 25 pc) star highlights a region of binary star parameter space that to date has not been fully probed.
description: submitted to ApJ on Nov 11, 2009; accepted for publication in ApJ on Dec 7, 2009; 10 pages, 3 figures
Assessing effects of acclimation temperature on thermal tolerance of stream-type juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) under ecologically relevant temperatures
Creators: name: Butler, Natalie Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Pacific salmon are now experiencing temperatures in freshwater that can reach or exceed their upper thermal limits. The aims of this thesis are to evaluate the role of acclimation on the Upper Thermal Tolerance (UTL) in stream-type juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), to evaluate how different methods in measuring UTL affect the measured outcome, and determine how acclimation temperature affects post-swim mortality. Both parr and fry life stages were acclimated for two weeks at temperatures spanning present and expected future summer levels (15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 24°C). Using fish from each acclimation temperature, we measured post-swim mortality following an endurance trial (Eswim), whereby swimming fish were exposed to increasing speeds at each temperature, and subsequently returned to their initial acclimation trough and monitored for 48 hours. The effect of acclimation temperature on critical thermal maximum (CTmax) was measured by two means: stationary (CTmax stat) and swimming (CTmax swim). CTmax stat was determined by water evenly heated at 0.3°C/min in a stationary bath, with loss of equilibrium (LOE) as the indicator of CTmax stat. CTmax swim was determined using a swim flume heated at 1°C/30min with fish swimming at a fixed speed of 4 BL/s, and cessation of swimming as the endpoint. Fish acclimated to higher temperatures generally exhibited higher thermal tolerance until 24°C, where fish were not able to acclimate to higher temperatures. Based on CTmax stat trials, parr showed a consistent increase in acclimation up to 24°C, with increasing CTmax temperatures, though in CTmax swim trials, there was a distinct thermal ceiling at that temperature. Fry exhibited a greater sensitivity to increased temperatures, with a drop in CTmax at 24°C for both stationery and swimming trials. There was high post-swim mortality following the 24°C acclimation groups in the Eswim trials in both parr and fry, indicating an upper thermal limit where impaired recovery. This work highlights the need for varied metrics in studying thermal tolerance and the influence that such metrics have on the measured outcome. Warm temperatures exceeding 20°C are now routinely occurring in the study population region, so we expect increasing mortality rates of fish in coming year.
Additional file 1 of Mutant C. elegans mitofusin leads to selective removal of mtDNA heteroplasmic deletions across generations to maintain fitness
Creators: name: Meshnik, Lana
name: Bar-Yaacov, Dan
name: Kasztan, Dana
name: Neiger, Tali
name: Cohen, Tal
name: Kishner, Mor
name: Valenci, Itay
name: Dadon, Sara
name: Klein, Christopher J.
name: Vance, Jeffery M.
name: Nevo, Yoram
name: Züchner, Stephan
name: Ovadia, Ofer
name: Mishmar, Dan
name: Ben-Zvi, Anat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Genotypes distribution of F2 progeny in different heteroplasmic strains. Table S2. Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses. Table S3. Fractional regression analyses. Table S4. A list of C. elegans strains used in this study. Table S5. A list of primers used in this study. Figure S1. Characterization of +/ΔmtDNA animals. Figure S2. Characterization of fzo-1(wt);+/ΔmtDNA; animals. Figure S3. Characterization of the 1kbΔmtDNA and 4kbΔmtDNA animals. Figure S4. Characterization of fzo-1(wt);pdr-1(mut);+/ΔmtDNA animals.
Метагеномы крови и псориатической кожи.  Проект исследования. Презентация и иллюстрации. Дополнение A.
Creators: name: Юрьевич, Песляк Михаил
name: Гаврилович, Короткий Николай
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: бактериальная DNA
бактериальные продукты
биоинформатика
врожденный и приобретенный ответ
дендритные клетки
кератиноциты
кишечная проницаемость
липополисахарид
метагеном
микробиом
модель патогенеза
моноциты
мурамилдипептид
нейтрофилы
нетоз
нехозяйская DNA
пептидогликан
псорагенные бактерии
псориаз
псориатическая болезнь
секвенирование
системный псориатический процесс
T-лимфоциты
фагоциты
хемокины
kPAMP-носительство
PAMP-немия

description: Презентация и иллюстрации к книге

«Метагеномы крови и псориатической кожи. Проект исследования.», r2.2,

http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2677815

Авторизованный перевод на английский язык этой презентации:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2668376
Carolina von Deschwanden (1794-1870) an Joseph Wolfgang von Deschwanden (1819-1866) und an Karl von Deschwanden (1823-1889)
Creators: name: Deschwanden, Carolina von
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1843

description: Brief aus Stans.
Briefzusätze von Anna von Deschwanden und von Victor Louis von Deschwanden
Metallicity determination in gas-rich galaxies with semiempirical methods
Creators: name: Hidalgo-Gamez, A. M.
name: Ramirez-Fuentes, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study of the precision of the semiempirical methods used in the determination of the chemical abundances in gas-rich galaxies is carried out. In order to do this the oxygen abundances of a total of 438 galaxies were determined using the electronic temperature, the $R_{23}$ and the P methods. The new calibration of the P method gives the smaller dispersion for the low and high metallicity regions, while the best numbers in the turnaround region are given by the $R_{23}$ method. We also found that the dispersion correlates with the metallicity. Finally, it can be said that all the semiempirical methods studied here are quite insensitive to metallicity with a value of $8.0\pm0.2$ dex for more than 50% of the total sample. \keywords{ISM: abundances; (ISM): H {\sc ii} regions}
description: 26 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables. To appear at AJ, January 2009
libtissue - implementing innate immunity
Creators: name: Twycross, Jamie
name: Aickelin, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a previous paper the authors argued the case for incorporating ideas from innate immunity into articficial immune systems (AISs) and presented an outline for a conceptual framework for such systems. A number of key general properties observed in the biological innate and adaptive immune systems were hughlighted, and how such properties might be instantiated in artificial systems was discussed in detail. The next logical step is to take these ideas and build a software system with which AISs with these properties can be implemented and experimentally evaluated. This paper reports on the results of that step - the libtissue system.
description: 8 pages, 4 tables, 5 figures, Workshop on Artificial Immune Systems and Immune System Modelling (AISB06), Bristol, UK
Attosecond control of electron dynamics in carbon monoxide
Creators: name: Znakovskaya, I.
name: Hoff, P. von den
name: Zherebtsov, S.
name: Wirth, A.
name: Herrwerth, O.
name: Vrakking, M. J. J.
name: de Vivie-Riedle, R.
name: Kling, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser pulses with stable electric field waveforms establish the opportunity to achieve coherent control on attosecond timescales. We present experimental and theoretical results on the steering of electronic motion in a multi-electron system. A very high degree of light-waveform control over the directional emission of C+ and O+ fragments from the dissociative ionization of CO was observed. Ab initio based model calculations reveal contributions to the control related to the ionization and laser-induced population transfer between excited electronic states of CO+ during dissociation.
Structural Parameters of Seven SMC Intermediate-Age and Old Star Clusters
Creators: name: Glatt, Katharina
name: Grebel, Eva K.
name: III., John S. Gallagher
name: Nota, Antonella
name: Sabbi, Elena
name: Sirianni, Marco
name: Clementini, Gisella
name: Da Costa, Gary
name: Tosi, Monica
name: Harbeck, Daniel
name: Koch, Andreas
name: Kayser, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present structural parameters for the seven intermediate-age and old star clusters NGC121, Lindsay 1, Kron 3, NGC339, NGC416, Lindsay 38, and NGC419 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We fit King profiles and Elson, Fall, and Freeman profiles to both surface-brightness and star count data taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Clusters older than 1 Gyr show a spread in cluster core radii that increases with age, while the youngest clusters have relatively compact cores. No evidence for post core collapse clusters was found. We find no correlation between core radius and distance from the SMC center, although consistent with other studies of dwarf galaxies, some relatively old and massive clusters have low densities. The oldest SMC star cluster, the only globular NGC121, is the most elliptical object of the studied clusters. No correlation is seen between ellipticity and distance from the SMC center. The structures of these massive intermediate-age (1-8 Gyr) SMC star clusters thus appear to primarily result from internal evolutionary processes.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
\sqrt{s}_min: a global inclusive variable for determining the mass scale of new physics in events with missing energy at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Konar, Partha
name: Kong, Kyoungchul
name: Matchev, Konstantin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new global and fully inclusive variable \sqrt{s}_{min} for determining the mass scale of new particles in events with missing energy at hadron colliders. We define \sqrt{s}_{min} as the minimum center-of-mass parton level energy consistent with the measured values of the total calorimeter energy E and the total visible momentum \vec{P}. We prove that for an arbitrary event, \sqrt{s}_{min} is simply given by the formula \sqrt{s}_{min}=\sqrt{E^2-P_z^2}+\sqrt{\met^2+M_{inv}^2}, where M_{inv} is the total mass of all invisible particles produced in the event. We use t\bar{t} production and several supersymmetry examples to argue that the peak in the \sqrt{s}_{min} distribution is correlated with the mass threshold of the parent particles originally produced in the event. This conjecture allows a determination of the heavy superpartner mass scale (as a function of the LSP mass) in a completely general and model-independent way, and without the need for any exclusive event reconstruction. In our SUSY examples of several multijet plus missing energy signals, the accuracy of the mass measurement based on \sqrt{s}_{min} is typically at the percent level, and never worse than 10%. After including the effects of initial state radiation and multiple parton interactions, the precision gets worse, but for heavy SUSY mass spectra remains 10%.
description: 33 pages, 36 figures, discussion on effect of ISR and MPI added
Results from the CDMS II Experiment
Creators: name: Cooley, Jodi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I report recent results and the status of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory in Minnesota, USA. A blind analysis of data taken by 30 detectors between October 2006 and July 2007 found zero events consistent with WIMPs elastically scattering in our Ge detectors. This resulted in an upper limit on the spin-independent, WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.6 x 10^-44 cm^2 (4.6 x 10^-44 cm^2 when combined with our previous results) at the 90% C.L. for a WIMP of mass 60 GeV/c^2. In March 2009 data taking with CDMS II stopped in order to install the first of 5 SuperTowers of detectors for the SuperCDMS Soudan project. Analysis of data taken between August 2007 and March 2009 is ongoing.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the TAUP09 conference (Rome, July 1st-5th 2009)
Coronal Mass Ejections from Sunspot and non-Sunspot Regions
Creators: name: Gopalswamy, N.
name: Akiyama, S.
name: Yashiro, S.
name: Makela, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originate from closed magnetic field regions on the Sun, which are active regions and quiescent filament regions. The energetic populations such as halo CMEs, CMEs associated with magnetic clouds, geoeffective CMEs, CMEs associated with solar energetic particles and interplanetary type II radio bursts, and shock-driving CMEs have been found to originate from sunspot regions. The CME and flare occurrence rates are found to be correlated with the sunspot number, but the correlations are significantly weaker during the maximum phase compared to the rise and declining phases. We suggest that the weaker correlation results from high-latitude CMEs from the polar crown filament regions that are not related to sunspots.
description: Invited Review. To appear in "Magnetic Coupling between the Interior and the Atmosphere of the Sun", eds. S.S. Hasan and R.J. Rutten, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 2009
The E(11) origin of all maximal supergravities - the hierarchy of field-strengths
Creators: name: Riccioni, Fabio
name: Steele, Duncan
name: West, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from $E_{11}$ and the space-time translations we construct an algebra that promotes the global $E_{11}$ symmetries to local ones, and consider all its possible massive deformations. The Jacobi identities imply that such deformations are uniquely determined by a single tensor that belongs to the same representation of the internal symmetry group as the $D-1$ forms specified by $E_{11}$. The non-linear realisation of the deformed algebra gives the field strengths of the theory which are those of any possible gauged maximal supergravity theory in any dimension. All the possible deformed algebras are in one to one correspondence with all the possible massive maximal supergravity theories. The hierarchy of fields inherent in the $E_{11}$ formulation plays an important role in the derivation. The tensor that determines the deformation can be identified with the embedding tensor used previously to parameterise gauged supergravities. Thus we provide a very efficient, simple and unified derivation of the bosonic sector, and in the absence of gravity, of all maximal gauged supergravities from $E_{11}$.
description: 87 pages, 8 figures. Typos corrected, refs added, other minor changes. Version published on JHEP
Code for sensitivity analysis and model simulations from Pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Molla, Jeta
name: Farhang-Sardroodi, Suzan
name: Moyles, Iain R
name: Heffernan, Jane M
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420299
subject: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

description: Disease spread can be affected by pharmaceutical interventions (such as vaccination) and non-pharmaceutical interventions (such as physical distancing, mask-wearing and contact tracing). Understanding the relationship between disease dynamics and human behaviour is a significant factor to controlling infections. In this work, we propose a compartmental epidemiological model for studying how the infection dynamics of COVID-19 evolves for people with different levels of social distancing, natural immunity and vaccine-induced immunity. Our model recreates the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Ontario up to December 2021. Our results indicate that people change their behaviour based on the disease dynamics and mitigation measures. Specifically, they adopt more protective behaviour when mandated social distancing measures are in effect, typically concurrent with a high number of infections. They reduce protective behaviour when vaccination coverage is high or when mandated contact reduction measures are relaxed, typically concurrent with a reduction of infections. We demonstrate that waning of infection and vaccine-induced immunity are important for reproducing disease transmission in autumn 2021.
UKF-Based Sensor Fusion for Joint-Torque Sensorless Humanoid Robots
Creators: name: Sorrentino, Ines
name: Romualdi, Giulio
name: Pucci, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a novel sensor fusion based on Unscented Kalman Filtering for the online estimation of joint-torques of humanoid robots without joint-torque sensors. At the feature level, the proposed approach considers multimodal measurements (e.g. currents, accelerations, etc.) and non-directly measurable effects, such as external contacts, thus leading to joint torques readily usable in control architectures for human-robot interaction. The proposed sensor fusion can also integrate distributed, non-collocated force/torque sensors, thus being a flexible framework with respect to the underlying robot sensor suit. To validate the approach, we show how the proposed sensor fusion can be integrated into a twolevel torque control architecture aiming at task-space torquecontrol. The performances of the proposed approach are shown through extensive tests on the new humanoid robot ergoCub, currently being developed at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia. We also compare our strategy with the existing state-of-theart approach based on the recursive Newton-Euler algorithm. Results demonstrate that our method achieves low root mean square errors in torque tracking, ranging from 0.05 Nm to 2.5 Nm, even in the presence of external contacts.
Liquified natural gas (LNG), is it part of Canada’s energy resilience? How realistic?
Creators: name: Sabti, Resha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: This thesis investigates Canada’s energy resilience and what is being done to confirm that Canada is prepared to meet its climate change targets by 2050. When the research started, it was strictly focused on the LNG industry in British Columbia, but it eventually became evident that energy resilience is required to meet any targets in the country. Energy resilience cannot happen with LNG only, despite the claims that it is one of the cleanest sources of natural gas. Over the past 10 years, LNG Canada, which is the only large LNG export project in Canada, has been in the planning stage and will not begin production until 2025, assuming no further delays. In 2025, Canada will be entering a very busy market where current competitors will be trying to pledge security for their LNG expansion and production projects by signing long-term strict contracts. Moreover, it will also be the year in which the world is only 25 years away from having to meet their 2050 net-zero emission targets. By reviewing audit reports, conducting interviews, and reading many articles and papers, it is evident that Canada needs to ensure renewable energy sources are available. A path to energy resilience must be created without relying on one source of energy. Resilience must be established within Canada, and work must be done to support the rest of the world.
Carolina von Deschwanden (1794-1870) an Joseph Wolfgang von Deschwanden (1819-1866) und an Karl von Deschwanden (1823-1889)
Creators: name: Deschwanden, Carolina von
name: Deschwanden von, verheiratete Zürcher, Anna
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1843

description: Brief aus Stans.
Briefzusatz von Anna von Deschwanden
Multisource Self-calibration for Sensor Arrays
Creators: name: Wijnholds, Stefan J.
name: van der Veen, Alle-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calibration of a sensor array is more involved if the antennas have direction dependent gains and multiple calibrator sources are simultaneously present. We study this case for a sensor array with arbitrary geometry but identical elements, i.e. elements with the same direction dependent gain pattern. A weighted alternating least squares (WALS) algorithm is derived that iteratively solves for the direction independent complex gains of the array elements, their noise powers and their gains in the direction of the calibrator sources. An extension of the problem is the case where the apparent calibrator source locations are unknown, e.g., due to refractive propagation paths. For this case, the WALS method is supplemented with weighted subspace fitting (WSF) direction finding techniques. Using Monte Carlo simulations we demonstrate that both methods are asymptotically statistically efficient and converge within two iterations even in cases of low SNR.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Observing different phases for the dynamics of entanglement in an ion trap
Creators: name: Cormick, Cecilia
name: Paz, Juan Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the entanglement between two oscillators coupled to a common thermal environment is non-trivial. The long time limit has three qualitatively different behaviors (phases) depending on parameters such as the temperature of the bath ({\em Phys. Rev. Lett.} \textbf{100}, 220401). The phases include cases with non-vanishing long-term entanglement, others with a final disentangled state, and situations displaying an infinite sequence of events of disappearance and revival of entanglement. We describe an experiment to realize these different scenarios in an ion trap. The motional degrees of freedom of two ions are used to simulate the system while the coupling to an extra (central) ion, which is continuously laser cooled, is the gateway to a decohering reservoir. The scheme proposed allows for the observation and control of motional entanglement dynamics, and is an example of a class of simulations of quantum open systems in the non-Markovian regime.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
The Effect of Violent and Non-Violent Computer Games on Changes in Salivary Cortisol Concentration in Male Adolescents
Creators: name: Hossini, Fatemeh
name: Rezaeeshrazi, Reza
name: Salehian, Mir Hamid
name: Dana, Amir
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170114 Sport and Exercise Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Computer games have turned into a pastime for children and adolescents. The present research involves a report of the effect of these games on salivary cortisol as a stress hormone in male adolescents. The subjects included 50 male adolescents with an age range of 17-19 who were exposed to 30 minutes of either violent or non-violent computer games. Four saliva samples were takenincluding: before the game (T1), 15 minutes into the game (T2), immediately after the game (T3), and 20 minutes after the game (t4). The results of multivariate analysis of variance revealed that violent video games have led to a significant increase in the level of salivary
cortisol while playing and that this level remained constant after the game, but non-violent video games did not increase the level of cortisol secretion in subjects ().
Spatially parallel decoding for multi-qubit lattice surgery
Creators: name: Lin, Sophia Fuhui
name: Peterson, Eric C.
name: Sankar, Krishanu
name: Sivarajah, Prasahnt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Running quantum algorithms protected by quantum error correction requires a real time, classical decoder. To prevent the accumulation of a backlog, this decoder must process syndromes from the quantum device at a faster rate than they are generated. Most prior work on real time decoding has focused on an isolated logical qubit encoded in the surface code. However, for surface code, quantum programs of utility will require multi-qubit interactions performed via lattice surgery. A large merged patch can arise during lattice surgery -- possibly as large as the entire device. This puts a significant strain on a real time decoder, which must decode errors on this merged patch and maintain the level of fault-tolerance that it achieves on isolated logical qubits.
 These requirements are relaxed by using spatially parallel decoding, which can be accomplished by dividing the physical qubits on the device into multiple overlapping groups and assigning a decoder module to each. We refer to this approach as spatially parallel windows. While previous work has explored similar ideas, none have addressed system-specific considerations pertinent to the task or the constraints from using hardware accelerators. In this work, we demonstrate how to configure spatially parallel windows, so that the scheme (1) is compatible with hardware accelerators, (2) supports general lattice surgery operations, (3) maintains the fidelity of the logical qubits, and (4) meets the throughput requirement for real time decoding. Furthermore, our results reveal the importance of optimally choosing the buffer width to achieve a balance between accuracy and throughput -- a decision that should be influenced by the device's physical noise.
description: Update to journal version. Quantum Sci. Technol (2025)
The Infrared Astronomical Characteristics of Roque de los Muchachos Observatory: precipitable water vapor statistics
Creators: name: Garcia-Lorenzo, B.
name: Eff-Darwich, A.
name: Castro-Almazan, J.
name: Pinilla-Alonso, N.
name: Muñoz-Tuñon, C.
name: Rodriguez-Espinosa, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atmospheric water vapor content above the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM) obtained from Global Positioning Systems (GPS) is presented. GPS measurements have been evaluated by comparison with 940nm-radiometer observations. Statistical analysis of GPS measurements points to ORM as an observing site with suitable conditions for infrared (IR) observations, with a median column of precipitable water vapor (PWV) of 3.8 mm. PWV presents a clear seasonal behavior, being Winter and Spring the best seasons for IR observations. The percentage of nighttime showing PWV values smaller than 3 mm is over 60% in February, March and April. We have also estimated the temporal variability of water vapor content at the ORM. A summary of PWV statistical results at different astronomical sites is presented, recalling that these values are not directly comparable as a result of the differences in the techniques used to recorded the data.
description: The paper contains 10 figures and 5 tables (28 pages) Accepted by MNRAS
As Universidades Estaduais da Bahia e o desenvolvimento local e regional
Creators: name: Mota Júnior, Antônio de Macêdo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Este artigo aborda o tema da importância da educação superior para o desenvolvimento local e regional, não que diz respeito à inserção das Universidades Estaduais da Bahia (Ueba) nas regiões interioranas do Estado da Bahia. Esta pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, bibliográfica e documental tem o objetivo de contextualizar a origem e a importância pública da Ueba, bem como identificar a contribuição dessas universidades, considerando uma oferta de educação superior no interior do território baiano, para o desenvolvimento local e regional. Os resultados demonstram que as Ueba podem ser consideradas grandes potencializadoras do desenvolvimento local e regional das localidades e adjacências onde se encontram inseridas.
A scientific framework for identification and mechanistic assessment of catchment functional behavior during stormflow generation
Creators: name: Sharif, Hamed
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2025

description: Identifying the level of simplicity/complexity of catchment functional behavior, among large sample of catchments, and exploring the mechanistic causes and drivers of such behavior, could inform developing a generalizable theory of catchment functional dynamic of stormflow generation. This thesis proposes a top-down data-driven framework that informs the level of functional simplicity/complexity of catchment’s stormflow generation, using available observations of streamflow and precipitation across hundreds of rain-dominated catchments spanned globally. The degree to which the relation between event-scale water input and stormflow volume in a given catchment can be explained by a simple linear relationship is being used to classify catchments into three behavioral classes, namely, simple, intermediate and complex catchments. I then developed a conceptual hydrological model for each study catchment to simulate the time-series of shallow and deep flowpaths. The simulated flowpaths are coupled with spectral analysis to explore the mechanistic causes of the celerity response characteristics of simple catchments. The climatic and topographic drivers of functional simplicity/complexity are explored. The results suggest the prevalence of simple functional dynamic of stormflow generation among the study catchments, particularly during dormant season, with a strong (mostly one-line) linear relationship (R²≥0.75) between water input and stormflow volume. Such functional simplicity is associated with a strong coherency between water input and shallow flowpath time-series, suggesting that the water input driven perturbations during stormflow events are being translated through shallow flowpath to streamflow using a time-invariant transfer function. Indeed, regardless of the time of occurrence of the stormflow event and water input characteristics (e.g., intensity, duration, volume), a typical simple catchment embraces a unique, linear and time-invariant functional dynamic, during dormant and/or growing seasons. With some exceptions, simple functional dynamic occurs in landscapes with wet and out-of-phase climate and steep topography. Quantitative and conceptual understanding of the constitutive relationships among event-scale water input volume, stormflow volume, storage deficit volume, and the rate of event-driven perturbation decay (and propagation) are provided. The results can be considered as the fundamental first step in understanding the mechanistic causes and drivers of functional complexity, informing the development of a generalizable theory on catchment functional dynamic of stormflow generation.
Crossover transition in bag-like models
Creators: name: Ferroni, L.
name: Koch, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a simple model for a gas of extended hadrons at zero chemical potential by taking inspiration from the compressible bag model. We show that a crossover transition qualitatively similar to lattice QCD can be reproduced by such a system by including some appropriate additional dynamics. Under certain conditions, at high temperature, the system consist of a finite number of infinitely extended bags, which occupy the entire space. In this situation the system behaves as an ideal gas of quarks and gluons.
description: Corresponds to the published version. Added few references and changed the title
Software Engineering for Quantum Programming: How Far Are We?
Creators: name: De Stefano, Manuel
name: Pecorelli, Fabiano
name: Di Nucci, Dario
name: De Lucia, Andrea
name: Palomba, Fabio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum computing is no longer only a scientific interest but is rapidly becoming an industrially available technology that can potentially overcome the limits of classical computation. Over the last years, all major companies have provided frameworks and programming languages that allow developers to create their quantum applications. This shift has led to the definition of a new discipline called quantum software engineering, which is demanded to define novel methods for engineering large-scale quantum applications. While the research community is successfully embracing this call, we notice a lack of systematic investigations into the state of the practice of quantum programming. Nevertheless, understanding the challenges quantum developers face is vital to precisely define the aims of quantum software engineering. Hence, in this paper, we first mine all the GitHub repositories that make use of the most used quantum programming frameworks currently on the market and then conduct coding analysis sessions to produce a taxonomy of tasks supported by quantum technologies. In the second place, we conduct a survey study that involves the contributors of the considered repositories, aiming at eliciting the developers' opinions on the current adoption and challenges of quantum programming. The results achieved highlight that the current adoption of quantum programming is limited. There are many challenges that the software engineering community should carefully consider: these do not only pertain to technical concerns but also educational and socio-technical matters.
Additional file 1 of Rheumatoid arthritis and risk of site-specific cancers: Mendelian randomization study in European and East Asian populations
Creators: name: Yuan, Shuai
name: Chen, Jie
name: Ruan, Xixian
name: Vithayathil, Mathew
name: Kar, Siddhartha
name: Li, Xue
name: Mason, Amy M.
name: Burgess, Stephen
name: Larsson, Susanna C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Method. Detailed description on UK Biobank, FinnGen, and Biobank Japan. Supplementary Table 1. Information of included studies and consortia. Supplementary Table 2. Definition site-specific cancers in UK Biobank and FinnGen. Supplementary Table 3. SNPs used as instrumental variable for rheumatoid arthritis in European ancestry and East Asian populations. Supplementary Table 4. Power calculations for overall and 22 site-specific cancers. Supplementary Table 5. Associations of genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis with site-specific cancers in the primary inverse-variance weighted analysis and in sensitivity analyses using other Mendelian randomisation methods in UK Biobank. Supplementary Table 6. False discovery rate adjusted p values for all tested associations. Supplementary Table 7. Associations of genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis with site-specific cancers in the primary inverse-variance weighted analysis and in sensitivity analyses using other Mendelian randomisation methods in FinnGen study. Supplementary Table 8. Associations of genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis with site-specific cancers In the sensitivity MR analysis using instrumental variables with summary-level coefficients from linear regression. Supplementary Table 9. Associations of genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis with women-related site-specific cancers in the primary inverse-variance weighted analysis and in sensitivity analyses using other Mendelian randomisation methods in large consortium. Supplementary Table 10. Associations of genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis with site-specific cancers in the primary inverse-variance weighted analysis and in sensitivity analyses using other Mendelian randomisation methods in Biobank Japan.
Towards Geometric-Photometric Joint Alignment for Facial Mesh Registration
Creators: name: Wang, Xizhi
name: Wang, Yaxiong
name: Li, Mengjian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a Geometric-Photometric Joint Alignment~(GPJA) method, which aligns discrete human expressions at pixel-level accuracy by combining geometric and photometric information. Common practices for registering human heads typically involve aligning landmarks with facial template meshes using geometry processing approaches, but often overlook dense pixel-level photometric consistency. This oversight leads to inconsistent texture parametrization across different expressions, hindering the creation of topologically consistent head meshes widely used in movies and games. GPJA overcomes this limitation by leveraging differentiable rendering to align vertices with target expressions, achieving joint alignment in both geometry and photometric appearances automatically, without requiring semantic annotation or pre-aligned meshes for training. It features a holistic rendering alignment mechanism and a multiscale regularized optimization for robust convergence on large deformation. The method utilizes derivatives at vertex positions for supervision and employs a gradient-based algorithm which guarantees smoothness and avoids topological artifacts during the geometry evolution. Experimental results demonstrate faithful alignment under various expressions, surpassing the conventional non-rigid ICP-based methods and the state-of-the-art deep learning based method. In practical, our method generates meshes of the same subject across diverse expressions, all with the same texture parametrization. This consistency benefits face animation, re-parametrization, and other batch operations for face modeling and applications with enhanced efficiency.
Influence of the vacuum interface on the charge distribution in V2O3 thin films
Creators: name: Schwingenschloegl, Udo
name: Fresard, Raymond
name: Eyert, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of V2O3 thin films is studied by means of the augmented spherical wave method as based on density functional theory and the local density approximation. We establish that effects of charge redistribution, induced by the vacuum interface, in such films are restricted to a very narrow surface layer of approx. 15 Angstroem thickness. As a consequence, charge redistribution can be ruled out as a source of the extraordinary thickness-dependence of the metal-insulator transition observed in V2O3 thin films of 100-1000 Angstroem thickness.
description: 6 pages, 13 figures, more information at http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/~eyert/
Description of the Heterotic String Solutions in the M Model
Creators: name: Bolokhov, P. A.
name: Shifman, M.
name: Yung, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the study of heterotic non-Abelian BPS-saturated flux tubes (strings). Previously, such solutions were obtained in U(N) gauge theories: N=2 supersymmetric QCD deformed by superpotential terms μA^2 breaking N=2 supersymmetry down to N=1. In these models one cannot consider the limit μ\to\infty which would eliminate adjoint fields: the bulk theory develops a Higgs branch; the emergence of massless particles in the bulk precludes one from taking the limit μ\to\infty. This drawback is absent in the M model (hep-th/0701040) where the matter sector includes additional "meson" fields M introduced in a special way. We generalize our previous results to the M model, derive the heterotic string (the string world-sheet theory is a heterotic N=(2,0) sigma model, with the CP(N-1) target space for bosonic fields and an extra right-handed fermion coupled to the fermion fields of the N=(2,2) CP(N-1) model), and then explicitly obtain all relevant zero modes. This allows us to relate parameters of the microscopic M model to those of the world-sheet theory. The limit μ\to\infty is perfectly smooth. Thus, the full-blown and fully analyzed heterotic string emerges, for the first time, in the N=1 theory with no adjoint fields. The fate of the confined monopoles is discussed.
description: 24 pages, no figures; notation corrections