cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Digital Media Production of Refugee-Background Youth: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Michalovich, Amir
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Reviews of research have provided insights into the digital media production practices of youth in and out of school. Although such practices hold promise for the language and literacy education of refugee-background youth, no review has yet integrated findings across studies and different digital media production practices to explore this promise. This scoping review summarizes and discusses the key findings from research on varied types of digital media produced specifically by refugee-background youth in and out of school. It situates digital media production practices in the context of this diverse population, which experiences forced migration, and highlights 5 main themes from findings in 42 reviewed articles. Digital media production afforded refugee-background youth: (1) Ownership of representations across time and space; (2) opportunity to expand, strengthen, or maintain social networks; (3) identity work; (4) visibility and engagement with audiences; and (5) communication and embodied learning through multimodal literacies.
Assessment of Misspecification in CDMs Using a Generalized Information Matrix Test
Creators: name: Hosseinpourkhoshkbari, Reyhaneh
name: Golden, Richard M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: If the probability model is correctly specified, then we can estimate the covariance matrix of the asymptotic maximum likelihood estimate distribution using either the first or second derivatives of the likelihood function. Therefore, if the determinants of these two different covariance matrix estimation formulas differ this indicates model misspecification. This misspecification detection strategy is the basis of the Determinant Information Matrix Test ($GIMT_{Det}$). To investigate the performance of the $GIMT_{Det}$, a Deterministic Input Noisy And gate (DINA) Cognitive Diagnostic Model (CDM) was fit to the Fraction-Subtraction dataset. Next, various misspecified versions of the original DINA CDM were fit to bootstrap data sets generated by sampling from the original fitted DINA CDM. The $GIMT_{Det}$ showed good discrimination performance for larger levels of misspecification. In addition, the $GIMT_{Det}$ did not detect model misspecification when model misspecification was not present and additionally did not detect model misspecification when the level of misspecification was very low. However, the $GIMT_{Det}$ discrimation performance was highly variable across different misspecification strategies when the misspecification level was moderately sized. The proposed new misspecification detection methodology is promising but additional empirical studies are required to further characterize its strengths and limitations.
Social and emotional processing in the broader autism phenotype
Creators: name: Vukusic, Svjetlana
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The aim of this thesis was to examine social-emotional processing in typically developing individuals with high and low autistic traits, by using electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. A subsidiary aim was to gain information about the relation between genetics and socio-emotional processing within autism through examination of first-degree relatives of people with autism. Results showed that people with high autistic traits and also parents and adults siblings of people with autism have some similarities with autism in processing of socio-emotional information. Results provide a new insight into emotion processing and autism and shows importance of looking at autism as genetic disorder.
Low-ozone bubbles observed in the tropical tropopause layer during the TC4 campaign in 2007
Creators: name: Petropavlovskikh, I.
name: Ray, E.
name: Davis, S. M.
name: Rosenlof, K.
name: Manney, G.
name: Shetter, R.
name: Hall, S. R.
name: Ullmann, K.
name: Pfister, L.
name: Hair, J.
name: Fenn, M.
name: Avery, M.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2010
Subjects: ozone
ITCZ
tropical composition

description: In the summer of 2007, the NASA DC-8 aircraft took part in the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling campaign based in San Jose, Costa Rica. During this campaign, multiple in situ and remote-sensing instruments aboard the aircraft measured the atmospheric composition of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in the equatorial region around Central and South America. During the 17 July flight off the Ecuadorian coast, well-defined “bubbles” of anomalously low-ozone concentration (less than 75 ppbv) were detected above the aircraft in the TTL at the altitude near 365 K (between 14 and 16 km) and at ?3°S and ?82°W. Backward trajectories from meteorological analyses and the aircraft in situ measurements suggest that the ozone-depleted air mass originated from deep convection in the equatorial eastern Pacific and/or Panama Bight regions at least 5 days before observation by the DC-8; this was not a feature produced by local convection. Given uncertainties known in regard to trajectories calculated from global reanalysis, it is not possible to identify the exact convective system that produced this particular low-ozone anomaly, but only the general origin from a region of high convective activity. However, the fact that the feature apparently maintained its coherency for at least 5 days suggests a significant contribution to the chemical composition of the tropical upper troposphere portion of the TTL from convective systems followed by quasi-horizontal transport. It also suggests that mixing time scales for these relatively small spatial features are greater than 5 days.
La Investigación en Ciencias Sociales
Creators: name: Llanos, Raimundo
Publisher: name: La Investigación en Ciencias Sociales
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales

description: La metodología de investigación y su proceso para llegar a un nuevo conocimiento. La
investigación y desarrollo (I+D) comprenden el trabajo creativo hacer nuevas aplicaciones
englobando tres actividades: investigación básica, investigación aplicada y desarrollo
experimental. La investigación básica son trabajos experimentales para obtener conocimientos
de los fenómenos y hechos observables, sin darles ninguna aplicación determinada. La
investigación aplicada son trabajos originales dirigidos a un objetivo práctico específico.
Advancing Robust Underwater Acoustic Target Recognition through Multi-task Learning and Multi-Gate Mixture-of-Experts
Creators: name: Xie, Yuan
name: Ren, Jiawei
name: Li, Junfeng
name: Xu, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Underwater acoustic target recognition has emerged as a prominent research area within the field of underwater acoustics. However, the current availability of authentic underwater acoustic signal recordings remains limited, which hinders data-driven acoustic recognition models from learning robust patterns of targets from a limited set of intricate underwater signals, thereby compromising their stability in practical applications. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a recognition framework called M3 (Multi-task, Multi-gate, Multi-expert) to enhance the model's ability to capture robust patterns by making it aware of the inherent properties of targets. In this framework, an auxiliary task that focuses on target properties, such as estimating target size, is designed. The auxiliary task then shares parameters with the recognition task to realize multi-task learning. This paradigm allows the model to concentrate on shared information across tasks and identify robust patterns of targets in a regularized manner, thereby enhancing the model's generalization ability. Moreover, M3 incorporates multi-expert and multi-gate mechanisms, allowing for the allocation of distinct parameter spaces to various underwater signals. This enables the model to process intricate signal patterns in a fine-grained and differentiated manner. To evaluate the effectiveness of M3, extensive experiments were implemented on the ShipsEar underwater ship-radiated noise dataset. The results substantiate that M3 has the ability to outperform the most advanced single-task recognition models, thereby achieving the state-of-the-art performance.
QBO and ENSO variability in temperature and ozone from SHADOZ, 1998–2005
Creators: name: Lee, S.
name: Shelow, D. M.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Miller, S. K.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2010
Subjects: tropospheric ozone
ENSO
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

description: Temperature and ozone profiles from SHADOZ (1998–2005) radiosonde and ozonesonde profiles are analyzed. Data from four representative stations are used to investigate regional differences as well as QBO and ENSO influences on vertically fine structure. Principal components of the ozone profile time series at Kuala Lumpur (101°E, 3°N) are adopted as a stratospheric QBO index to study tropospheric temperature and ozone signatures associated with the QBO. A downward propagating QBO ozone signal extends to the mid-troposphere where the phase analysis of the temperature anomalies implies that the driving force is a zonal mean overturning circulation associated with thermal wind adjustment. The maximum tropospheric ozone anomalies associated with the QBO are ?8 ppbv, about 10–20% that of typical tropical tropospheric ozone values, and differ in phase at the four sites. Temperature and ozone fields, linearly regressed against the QBO index, suggest that dynamical processes, including horizontal transport, play an important role in the observed tropospheric ozone anomalies. Temperature profiles, regressed against the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), reveal anomalously cool, but also wavy lower stratospheric temperature anomalies over Kuala Lumpur and Nairobi (37°E, 1°S). Tropospheric ozone profiles associated with the SOI show a statistically significant signal that is consistent with anomalous vertical motions that are known to occur during ENSO, but also exhibit fluctuations at a 40–50 day time scale.
A conceptual model of functional health literacy to improve chronic airway disease outcomes
Creators: name: Poureslami, Iraj
name: Tregobov, Noah
name: Shum, Jessica
name: McMillan, Austin
name: Akhtar, Alizeh
name: Kassay, Saron
name: Starnes, Kassandra
name: Mahjoob, Maryam
name: FitzGerald, J. M.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background Current conceptual models of health literacy (HL) illustrate the link between HL and health outcomes. However, these models fail to recognize and integrate certain elements of disease management, health system factors, and socio-demographic factors into their framework. This article outlines the development of Chronic Airway Disease (CAD) Management and Health Literacy (CADMaHL) conceptual model that integrates the aforementioned elements and factors into a single framework. Methods Information obtained during the following stages informed the development of our model: (1) a systematic review of existing CAD HL measurement tools that apply core HL domains; (2) patient-oriented focus group sessions to understand HL barriers to CAD self-management practices; (3) key-informant interviews to obtain potential strategies to mitigate CAD management barriers, and validate disease self-management topics; (4) elicited the perspectives of Canadian respirologist’s on the ideal functional HL skills for asthma and COPD patients. Results Throughout the study process many stakeholders (i.e., patients, key-informants, and an international HL advisory panel) contributed to and reviewed the model. The process enabled us to organize the CADMaHL model into 6 primary modules, including: INPUT, consisting of four HL core components (access, understand, communicate, evaluate,) and numeracy skills; OUTPUT, including application of the obtained information; OUTCOME, covering patient empowerment in performing self-management practices by applying HL skills; ASSESSMENT, consisting of information about functionality and relevancy of CADMaHL; IMPACT, including mediators between HL and health outcomes; CROSSCUTTING FACTORS, consisting of diverse socio-demographics and health-system factors with applicability across the HL domains. Conclusions We developed the CADMaHL model, with input from key-stakeholders, which addresses a knowledge gap by integrating various disease management, health-system and socio-demographic factors absent from previous published frameworks. We anticipate that our model will serve as the backbone for the development of a comprehensive HL measurement tool, which may be utilized for future HL interventions for CAD patients. Trial registration NCT01474928 - Date of registration: 11/26/2017.
Observations of ozone production in a dissipating tropical convective cell during TC4
Creators: name: Morris, G. A.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Pickering, K. E.
name: Chen, S.
name: Bucsela, E. J.
name: Kucera, P. A.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2010

description: From 13 July–9 August 2007, 25 ozonesondes were launched from Las Tablas, Panama as part of the Tropical Composition, Cloud, and Climate Coupling (TC4) mission. On 5 August, a strong convective cell formed in the Gulf of Panama. World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data indicated 563 flashes (09:00–17:00 UTC) in the Gulf. NO2 data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) show enhancements, suggesting lightning production of NOx. At 15:05 UTC, an ozonesonde ascended into the southern edge of the now dissipating convective cell as it moved west across the Azuero Peninsula. The balloon oscillated from 2.5–5.1 km five times (15:12–17:00 UTC), providing a unique examination of ozone (O3) photochemistry on the edge of a convective cell. Ozone increased at a rate of ~1.6–4.6 ppbv/hr between the first and last ascent, resulting cell wide in an increase of ~(2.1–2.5) × 106 moles of O3. This estimate agrees to within a factor of two of our estimates of photochemical lightning O3 production from the WWLLN flashes, from the radar-inferred lightning flash data, and from the OMI NO2 data (~1.2, ~1.0, and ~1.7 × 106 moles, respectively), though all estimates have large uncertainties. Examination of DC-8 in situ and lidar O3 data gathered around the Gulf that day suggests 70–97% of the O3 change occurred in 2.5–5.1 km layer. A photochemical box model initialized with nearby TC4 aircraft trace gas data suggests these O3 production rates are possible with our present understanding of photochemistry.
Enhanced ozone over western North America from biomass burning in Eurasia during April 2008 as seen in surface and profile observations
Creators: name: Oltmans, S. J.
name: Lefohn, A. S.
name: Harris, J. M.
name: Tarasick, D. W.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Wernli, H.
name: Johnson, B. J.
name: Novelli, P. C.
name: Montzka, S. A.
name: Ray, J. D.
name: Patrick, L. C.
name: Sweeney, C.
name: Jefferson, A.
name: Dann, T.
name: Davies, J.
name: Shapiro, M.
name: Holben, B. N.
Publisher: name: ELSEVIER
Year: 2010
Subjects: Arctic
Ozone
Biomass burning
Pollution
Trajectories
Transport

description: During April 2008, as part of the International Polar Year (IPY), a number of ground-based and aircraft campaigns were carried out in the North American Arctic region (e.g., ARCTAS, ARCPAC). The widespread presence during this period of biomass burning effluent, both gaseous and particulate, has been reported. Unusually high ozone readings for this time of year were recorded at surface ozone monitoring sites from northern Alaska to northern California. At Barrow, Alaska, the northernmost point in the United States, the highest April ozone readings recorded at the surface (hourly average values >55 ppbv) in 37 years of observation were measured on April 19, 2008. At Denali National Park in central Alaska, an hourly average of 79 ppbv was recorded during an 8-h period in which the average was over 75 ppbv, exceeding the ozone ambient air quality standard threshold value in the U.S. Elevated ozone (>60 ppbv) persisted almost continuously from April 19–23 at the monitoring site during this event. At a coastal site in northern California (Trinidad Head), hourly ozone readings were >50 ppbv almost continuously for a 35-h period from April 18–20. At several sites in northern California, located to the east of Trinidad Head, numerous occurrences of ozone readings exceeding 60 ppbv were recorded during April 2008. Ozone profiles from an extensive series of balloon soundings showed lower tropospheric features at ?1–6 km with enhanced ozone during the times of elevated ozone amounts at surface sites in western Canada and the U.S. Based on extensive trajectory calculations, biomass burning in regions of southern Russia was identified as the likely source of the observed ozone enhancements. Ancillary measurements of atmospheric constituents and optical properties (aerosol optical thickness) supported the presence of a burning plume at several locations. At two coastal sites (Trinidad Head and Vancouver Island), profiles of a large suite of gases were measured from airborne flask samples taken during probable encounters with burning plumes. These profiles aided in characterizing the vertical thickness of the plumes, as well as confirming that the plumes reaching the west coast of North America were associated with biomass burning events.
Accurate identification and quantification of commensal microbiota bound by host immunoglobulins
Creators: name: Jackson, Matthew A.
name: Pearson, Claire
name: Ilott, Nicholas E.
name: Huus, Kelsey E.
name: Hegazy, Ahmed N.
name: Webber, Jonathan
name: Finlay, B. Brett, 1959-
name: Macpherson, Andrew J.
name: Powrie, Fiona
name: Lam, Lilian H.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background Identifying which taxa are targeted by immunoglobulins can uncover important host-microbe interactions. Immunoglobulin binding of commensal taxa can be assayed by sorting bound bacteria from samples and using amplicon sequencing to determine their taxonomy, a technique most widely applied to study Immunoglobulin A (IgA-Seq). Previous experiments have scored taxon binding in IgA-Seq datasets by comparing abundances in the IgA bound and unbound sorted fractions. However, as these are relative abundances, such scores are influenced by the levels of the other taxa present and represent an abstract combination of these effects. Diversity in the practical approaches of prior studies also warrants benchmarking of the individual stages involved. Here, we provide a detailed description of the design strategy for an optimised IgA-Seq protocol. Combined with a novel scoring method for IgA-Seq datasets that accounts for the aforementioned effects, this platform enables accurate identification and quantification of commensal gut microbiota targeted by host immunoglobulins. Results Using germ-free and Rag1−/− mice as negative controls, and a strain-specific IgA antibody as a positive control, we determine optimal reagents and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) parameters for IgA-Seq. Using simulated IgA-Seq data, we show that existing IgA-Seq scoring methods are influenced by pre-sort relative abundances. This has consequences for the interpretation of case-control studies where there are inherent differences in microbiota composition between groups. We show that these effects can be addressed using a novel scoring approach based on posterior probabilities. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of both the IgA-Seq protocol and probability-based scores by examining both novel and published data from in vivo disease models. Conclusions We provide a detailed IgA-Seq protocol to accurately isolate IgA-bound taxa from intestinal samples. Using simulated and experimental data, we demonstrate novel probability-based scores that adjust for the compositional nature of relative abundance data to accurately quantify taxon-level IgA binding. All scoring approaches are made available in the IgAScores R package. These methods should improve the generation and interpretation of IgA-Seq datasets and could be applied to study other immunoglobulins and sample types. Video abstract
Validation of northern latitude Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer stare ozone profiles with ARC-IONS sondes during ARCTAS: sensitivity, bias and error analysis
Creators: name: Boxe, C. S.
name: Worden, J. R.
name: Bowman, K. W.
name: Kulawik, S. S.
name: Neu, J. L.
name: Ford, W. C.
name: Osterman, G. B.
name: Herman, R. L.
name: Eldering, A.
name: Tarasick, D. W.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Doughty, D. C.
name: Hoffmann, M. R.
name: Oltmans, S. J.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2010

description: We compare Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) versions 3 and 4, V003 and V004, respectively, nadir-stare ozone profiles with ozonesonde profiles from the Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network Study (ARCIONS, http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/arcions/ during the Arctic Research on the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field mission. The ozonesonde data are from launches timed to match Aura's overpass, where 11 coincidences spanned 44° N to 71° N from April to July 2008. Using the TES "stare" observation mode, 32 observations are taken over each coincidental ozonesonde launch. By effectively sampling the same air mass 32 times, comparisons are made between the empirically-calculated random errors to the expected random errors from measurement noise, temperature and interfering species, such as water. This study represents the first validation of high latitude (>70°) TES ozone. We find that the calculated errors are consistent with the actual errors with a similar vertical distribution that varies between 5% and 20% for V003 and V004 TES data. In general, TES ozone profiles are positively biased (by less than 15%) from the surface to the upper-troposphere (~1000 to 100 hPa) and negatively biased (by less than 20%) from the upper-troposphere to the lower-stratosphere (100 to 30 hPa) when compared to the ozonesonde data. Lastly, for V003 and V004 TES data between 44° N and 71° N there is variability in the mean biases (from ?14 to +15%), mean theoretical errors (from 6 to 13%), and mean random errors (from 9 to 19%).
Table 1. Rate of change in EDA, EDWA, W2L, Psys, dPdt max and T2P at baseline and MMP-8.Table 2. EDA, EDWA and W2L at baseline, after 10% and 20% drops in systolic pressure.Table 3. EDPAR and ESPAR at baseline and MMP-8.
Creators: name: Maiorov, Ida
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320101
subject: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)

description: MMP-8 causes leftward shift in end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship and may explain the development of diastolic dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy
Oblivious Online Monitoring for Safety LTL Specification via Fully Homomorphic Encryption
Creators: name: Banno, Ryotaro
name: Matsuoka, Kotaro
name: Matsumoto, Naoki
name: Bian, Song
name: Waga, Masaki
name: Suenaga, Kohei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In this paper, we proposed two algorithms (Reverse and Block) to conduct online monitoring against a safety LTL specification via fully homomorphic encryption. We implemented these two algorithms in C++20 and experimentally answered two research questions (RQ1 and RQ2) we posed. This artifact includes a Docker image including our C++20 programs and some scripts for the experiments to replicate our experimental results shown in the paper. It measures execution runtimes to generate monitored ciphertexts, execute our proposed algorithms using the inputs, and decrypt the result. It also has a functionality named plaintext mode, and one can check if the decrypted result is the same as the one executed in plaintext. We note that the runtimes we presented in the paper were obtained on a workstation, and they will differ from the ones on a laptop. In this artifact, we also show the runtimes obtained on our laptop for reference. System requirements to execute this artifact are as follows: CPU: 2 cores and 4 threads or more. It must support AVX2 and AES-NI, i.e., it must be Intel Core i 5000 series or newer, or AMD Ryzen 1000 series or newer. RAM: 4GiB or more Disk: 10GiB or more of free space Misc: Docker must be installed.
Effects of Maternal Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Placental Complications: An Umbrella Review, Meta-Analysis and Evidence Map
Creators: name: Kinshella, Mai-Lei Woo
name: Omar, Shazmeen
name: Scherbinsky, Kerri
name: Vidler, Marianne
name: Magee, Laura A.
name: Von Dadelszen, Peter
name: Moore, Sophie E.
name: Elango, Rajavel
name: Group, The PRECISE Conceptual Framework Working
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: The placenta is a vital, multi-functional organ that acts as an interface between maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy. Nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy alter placental development and function, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, infants with small for gestational age and low birthweight, preterm birth, stillbirths and maternal mortality. Maternal nutritional supplementation may help to mitigate the risks, but the evidence base is difficult to navigate. The primary purpose of this umbrella review is to map the evidence on the effects of maternal nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on pregnancy outcomes related to placental disorders and maternal mortality. A systematic search was performed on seven electronic databases, the PROSPERO register and references lists of identified papers. The results were screened in a three-stage process based on title, abstract and full-text by two independent reviewers. Randomized controlled trial meta-analyses on the efficacy of maternal nutritional supplements or dietary interventions were included. There were 91 meta-analyses included, covering 23 types of supplements and three types of dietary interventions. We found evidence that supports supplementary vitamin D and/or calcium, omega-3, multiple micronutrients, lipid-based nutrients, and balanced protein energy in reducing the risks of adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. However, these findings are limited by poor quality of evidence. Nutrient combinations show promise and support a paradigm shift to maternal dietary balance, rather than single micronutrient deficiencies, to improve maternal and fetal health. The review is registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020160887).
Additional file 1 of Self-reported injuries and correlates among school-going adolescents in three countries in Western sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Oppong Asante, Kwaku
name: Onyeaka, Henry K.
name: Kugbey, Nuworza
name: Quarshie, Emmanuel Nii-Boye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
title: The Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission: design, execution, and first results
title: The ARCTAS aircraft mission: design and execution
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Jacob, D. J.
name: Crawford, J. H.
name: Maring, H.
name: Clarke, A. D.
name: Dibb, J. E.
name: Emmons, L. K.
name: Ferrare, R. A.
name: Hostetler, C. A.
name: Russell, P. B.
name: Singh, H. B.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Shaw, G. E.
name: McCauley, E.
name: Pederson, J. R.
name: Fisher, J. A.
Publisher: name: EGU
Year: 2010

description: The NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was conducted in two 3-week deployments based in Alaska (April 2008) and western Canada (June–July 2008). Its goal was to better understand the factors driving current changes in Arctic atmospheric composition and climate, including (1) influx of mid-latitude pollution, (2) boreal forest fires, (3) aerosol radiative forcing, and (4) chemical processes. The June–July deployment was preceded by one week of flights over California (ARCTAS-CARB) focused on (1) improving state emission inventories for greenhouse gases and aerosols, (2) providing observations to test and improve models of ozone and aerosol pollution. ARCTAS involved three aircraft: a DC-8 with a detailed chemical payload, a P-3 with an extensive aerosol and radiometric payload, and a B-200 with aerosol remote sensing instrumentation. The aircraft data augmented satellite observations of Arctic atmospheric composition, in particular from the NASA A-Train. The spring phase (ARCTAS-A) revealed pervasive Asian pollution throughout the Arctic as well as significant European pollution below 2 km. Unusually large Siberian fires in April 2008 caused high concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and also affected ozone. Satellite observations of BrO column hotspots were found not to be related to Arctic boundary layer events but instead to tropopause depressions, suggesting the presence of elevated inorganic bromine (5–10 pptv) in the lower stratosphere. Fresh fire plumes from Canada and California sampled during the summer phase (ARCTAS-B) indicated low NOx emission factors from the fires, rapid conversion of NOx to PAN, no significant secondary aerosol production, and no significant ozone enhancements except when mixed with urban pollution.
First Ozone Sounding Results Over the UAE
Creators: name: Majeed, T.
name: Iqbal, Mazhar
name: Al-Marzouqi, Onuod
name: Tarasick, David
name: Davies, Jonathan
name: Oltmans, Samuel
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Al-Abri, Abdullah
name: Zaidi, S.
name: Rogers, Phil
Publisher: name: World Scientific
Year: 2010

description: The first ever campaign of observing vertical profiles of ozone over the UAE began on January 24, 2006 with a couple of balloon flights carrying ECC ozonesondes to understand the characteristics of the chemical and dynamical structures at this unique tropical location (latitude 24.45N; longitude 54.22E). The campaign was continued sporadically over the past several years. A total of six ozone profiles are available to date. Preliminary results of January profiles indicate that the stratospheric ozone is quite stable while thick polluted layers confined to the lower tropospheric heights show enhancements in ozone contents. Excessive values of ozone concentration in the range 45 - 50 ppbv at the ground levels are observed. These values are much larger than those observed at other subtropical sounding stations using the same technique. The difference in values probably reflects either the elevated levels of air pollution due to petrochemicals and automobile emissions in the UAE or the effects of photochemical production and destruction of ozone by horizontal transport and convective uplift from the surface. These processes are affected by higher levels of solar radiation and large variations in the relative humidity in the tropical/subtropical troposphere.
Additional file 2 of Multidisciplinary blended learning to build a breast cancer specialist career: survey on the perspective of the first 2 cohorts of the ESO-ULM Certificate of Competence in Breast cancer (CCB)
Creators: name: Meani, Francesco
name: Kovacs, Tibor
name: Wandschneider, Wiebke
name: Costa, Alberto
name: Pagani, Olivia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Assessing the impact of housing on the welfare of horses : A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Atoji, Katia
name: De Almeida Oliveira, Ana Alix Mendes
name: Weary, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2021

description: Domestic horses are commonly housed in individual box stalls, often without access to paddocks or contact with other animals. This is very different from the natural environment of wild and feral horses that may roam many kilometres in a day and form complex social relationships with herd mates. A growing body of research has assessed the effects of housing on domestic horse welfare. Our aim is to review this literature, addressing four related research questions: 1) what types of variation between and within housing systems have been considered, and how might these types of variation limit comparisons between these systems, 2) what categories of horses have been studied and how the categories might limit the comparison between studies, 3) what outcome measures have been used to assess the impact of housing on the welfare, and 4) what conclusions do these studies draw about welfare in different housing conditions. We will critically discuss treatment conditions, categories studied, measures and conclusions, and identify knowledge gaps for future research. Our review will include all types of peer-reviewed articles, short reports and conference abstracts on electronic databases (Web of Science, CAB Direct, PubMed, Scopus).
Additional file 1 of Multidisciplinary blended learning to build a breast cancer specialist career: survey on the perspective of the first 2 cohorts of the ESO-ULM Certificate of Competence in Breast cancer (CCB)
Creators: name: Meani, Francesco
name: Kovacs, Tibor
name: Wandschneider, Wiebke
name: Costa, Alberto
name: Pagani, Olivia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Faster Exact and Parameterized Algorithm for Feedback Vertex Set in Bipartite Tournaments
Creators: name: Kumar, Mithilesh
name: Lokshtanov, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A {\em bipartite tournament} is a directed graph $T:=(A \cup B, E)$ such that every pair of vertices $(a,b), a\in A,b\in B$ are connected by an arc, and no arc connects two vertices of $A$ or two vertices of $B$. A {\em feedback vertex set} is a set $S$ of vertices in $T$ such that $T - S$ is acyclic. In this article we consider the {\sc Feedback Vertex Set} problem in bipartite tournaments. Here the input is a bipartite tournament $T$ on $n$ vertices together with an integer $k$, and the task is to determine whether $T$ has a feedback vertex set of size at most $k$. We give a new algorithm for {\sc Feedback Vertex Set in Bipartite Tournaments}. The running time of our algorithm is upper-bounded by $O(1.6181^k + n^{O(1)})$, improving over the previously best known algorithm with running time $2^kk^{O(1)} + n^{O(1)}$ [Hsiao, ISAAC 2011]. As a by-product, we also obtain the fastest currently known exact exponential-time algorithm for the problem, with running time $O(1.3820^n)$.
description: 36th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2016)
Plate osteosynthesis versus non-surgical treatment in displaced proximal humerus fractures—long term functional outcome and quality of life
Creators: name: Klute, Lisa
name: Pfeifer, Christian
name: Berner, Arne
name: Alt, Volker
name: Kerschbaum, Maximilian
name: Henssler, Leopold
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Proximal humerus fracture · Shoulder · PHILOS plate · Fractures of the elderly
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Purpose
This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of patients treated with plate osteosynthesis versus non-operative treatment for proximal humerus fractures (PHF) after a mean follow-up period of 10 years.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including patients with PHF treated between 2004 and 2014. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent plate osteosynthesis (PO) and those managed non-surgically (NO). Functional outcomes, including range of motion, strength, and patient-reported quality of life were evaluated using standardized assessments such as the Constant-Murley score and Short-Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire.
Results
A total of 241 patients (161 in the Surgical Group and 80 in the Non-Operative Group) were included in the study. With a mean follow-up of 10.4 ± 3.1 years, both groups demonstrated comparable functional outcomes. The Constant-Murley score in the Surgical Group was 53.5 ± 21.8 compared to 60.1 ± 24.2 in the Non-Operative Group (p = 0.225). Complication rates were significantly higher in the PO group. The revision rate for patients treated with plate osteosynthesis was 37.9%. Patient-reported Quality of Life, assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire, revealed no significant differences between the Surgical and Non-Operative Groups.
Conclusion
This long-term follow-up study demonstrates that after a minimum of 5 years, there were no significant differences in functional outcomes or quality of life between patients treated with plate osteosynthesis and those who were managed non-operatively for displaced proximal humerus fractures. Both treatment approaches can offer favorable results, and the choice of treatment should consider individual patient characteristics and preferences.
Hybrid Beamforming for Integrated Sensing and Communications With Low Resolution DACs
Creators: name: Elbir, Ahmet M.
name: Celik, Abdulkadir
name: Eltawil, Ahmed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) has emerged as a means to efficiently utilize spectrum and thereby save cost and power. At the higher end of the spectrum, ISAC systems operate at wideband using large antenna arrays to meet the stringent demands for high-resolution sensing and enhanced communications capacity. On the other hand, the overall design should satisfy energy-efficiency and hardware constraints such as operating on low resolution components for a practical scenario. Therefore, this paper presents the design of Hybrid ANalog and Digital BeAmformers with Low resoLution (HANDBALL) digital-to-analog converters (DACs). We introduce a greedy-search-based approach to design the analog beamformers for multi-user multi-target ISAC scenario. Then, the quantization distortion is taken into account in order to design the baseband beamformer with low resolution DACs. We evaluated performance of the proposed HANDBALL technique in terms of both spectral efficiency and sensing beampattern, providing a satisfactory sensing and communication performance for both one-bit and few-bit designs.
description: Accepted Paper in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
Combined Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Norisoprenoid Responses in Grape Berries to Abscisic Acid and Synthetic Auxin
Creators: name: He, Lei
name: Meng, Nan
name: Castellarin, Simone D.
name: Wang, Yu
name: Sun, Qi
name: Li, Xiang-Yi
name: Dong, Zhi-Gang
name: Tang, Xiao-Ping
name: Duan, Chang-Qing
name: Pan, Qiu-Hong
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: The abscisic acid (ABA) increase and auxin decline are both indicators of ripening initiation in grape berry, and norisoprenoid accumulation also starts at around the onset of ripening. However, the relationship between ABA, auxin, and norisoprenoids remains largely unknown, especially at the transcriptome level. To investigate the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the ABA and synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on norisoprenoid production, we performed time-series GC-MS and RNA-seq analyses on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from pre-veraison to ripening. Higher levels of free norisoprenoids were found in ABA-treated mature berries in two consecutive seasons, and both free and total norisoprenoids were significantly increased by NAA in one season. The expression pattern of known norisoprenoid-associated genes in all samples and the up-regulation of specific alternative splicing isoforms of VviDXS and VviCRTISO in NAA-treated berries were predicted to contribute to the norisoprenoid accumulation in ABA and NAA-treated berries. Combined weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis suggested that VviGATA26, and the previously identified switch genes of myb RADIALIS (VIT_207s0005g02730) and MAD-box (VIT_213s0158g00100) could be potential regulators of norisoprenoid accumulation. The positive effects of ABA on free norisoprenoids and NAA on total norisoprenoid accumulation were revealed in the commercially ripening berries. Since the endogenous ABA and auxin are sensitive to environmental factors, this finding provides new insights to develop viticultural practices for managing norisoprenoids in vineyards in response to changing climates.
Docummunity: is the process of documentary video editing improved by online collaboration?
Creators: name: Weinstein, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Media academics have espoused the virtues of the internet as a locus for collaboration since social media platforms exploded into mainstream society. To test the veracity of this claim an online collaborative video editor was created for participants to edit documentary footage. This task was chosen because of its multifaceted and complicated processes, requiring high levels of interpersonal engagement. The conclusion was that the internet does not facilitate deep collaboration due to superficial feedback loops, participant's indeterminate role delineation and increased task complexity. Calling the online process 'collaboration' was an optimistic overstatement of something that was never more than aggregation.
Additional file 1 of Unconditional cash transfers and maternal substance use: findings from a randomized control trial of low-income mothers with infants in the U.S.
Creators: name: Yoo, Paul Y.
name: Duncan, Greg J.
name: Magnuson, Katherine
name: Fox, Nathan A.
name: Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
name: Halpern-Meekin, Sarah
name: Noble, Kimberly G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Lost in Context: The Influence of Context on Feature Attribution Methods for Object Recognition
Creators: name: Adhikari, Sayanta
name: Kumar, Rishav
name: Mopuri, Konda Reddy
name: Pachamuthu, Rajalakshmi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.m; I.2.10

description: Contextual information plays a critical role in object recognition models within computer vision, where changes in context can significantly affect accuracy, underscoring models' dependence on contextual cues. This study investigates how context manipulation influences both model accuracy and feature attribution, providing insights into the reliance of object recognition models on contextual information as understood through the lens of feature attribution methods.
 We employ a range of feature attribution techniques to decipher the reliance of deep neural networks on context in object recognition tasks. Using the ImageNet-9 and our curated ImageNet-CS datasets, we conduct experiments to evaluate the impact of contextual variations, analyzed through feature attribution methods. Our findings reveal several key insights: (a) Correctly classified images predominantly emphasize object volume attribution over context volume attribution. (b) The dependence on context remains relatively stable across different context modifications, irrespective of classification accuracy. (c) Context change exerts a more pronounced effect on model performance than Context perturbations. (d) Surprisingly, context attribution in `no-information' scenarios is non-trivial. Our research moves beyond traditional methods by assessing the implications of broad-level modifications on object recognition, either in the object or its context.
description: Published in ICVGIP 2024
On the Comparison between Multi-modal and Single-modal Contrastive Learning
Creators: name: Huang, Wei
name: Han, Andi
name: Chen, Yongqiang
name: Cao, Yuan
name: Xu, Zhiqiang
name: Suzuki, Taiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-modal contrastive learning with language supervision has presented a paradigm shift in modern machine learning. By pre-training on a web-scale dataset, multi-modal contrastive learning can learn high-quality representations that exhibit impressive robustness and transferability. Despite its empirical success, the theoretical understanding is still in its infancy, especially regarding its comparison with single-modal contrastive learning. In this work, we introduce a feature learning theory framework that provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the differences between multi-modal and single-modal contrastive learning. Based on a data generation model consisting of signal and noise, our analysis is performed on a ReLU network trained with the InfoMax objective function. Through a trajectory-based optimization analysis and generalization characterization on downstream tasks, we identify the critical factor, which is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), that impacts the generalizability in downstream tasks of both multi-modal and single-modal contrastive learning. Through the cooperation between the two modalities, multi-modal learning can achieve better feature learning, leading to improvements in performance in downstream tasks compared to single-modal learning. Our analysis provides a unified framework that can characterize the optimization and generalization of both single-modal and multi-modal contrastive learning. Empirical experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets further consolidate our theoretical findings.
description: 51pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Additional file 1 of Stimulating TAM-mediated anti-tumor immunity with mannose-decorated nanoparticles in ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Glass, Evan B.
name: Hoover, Alyssa A.
name: Bullock, Kennady K.
name: Madden, Matthew Z.
name: Reinfeld, Bradley I.
name: Harris, Whitney
name: Parker, Dominique
name: Hufnagel, Demetra H.
name: Crispens, Marta A.
name: Khabele, Dineo
name: Rathmell, W. Kimryn
name: Rathmell, Jeffrey C.
name: Wilson, Andrew J.
name: Giorgio, Todd D.
name: Yull, Fiona E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1.