cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Die Auswirkung von Augmented Reality auf das Besuchererlebnis in einer Kunstausstellung
Creators: name: Lettner, Magdalena
Year: 2021

description: Vorliegende Masterarbeit, gegliedert in einen theoretisch und empirischen Teil, beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von Augmented Reality in der Kunstvermittlung und dem Einfluss auf das Besuchererlebnis. Dass Augmented Reality eine Technologie ist, die für die Vermittlungsarbeit im musealen Bereich relevant sein kann, wird im theoretischen Teil der Masterarbeit basierend auf einer eingehenden Literaturrecherche und zahlreichen Beispielen, die den Mehrwert des Einsatzes von AR in der Kunstvermittlung zeigen, dargelegt. Vor allem zwei Punkte machen AR für den Einsatz in der Kunstvermittlung attraktiv. Erstens: Die transparente Eigenschaft von AR, die es während des Vermittlungsprozesses ermöglicht, das Objekt oder Kunstwerk im Mittelpunkt zu behalten. Zweitens: Die visuelle Stärke. Visuelle Informationen können über einen visuellen Kanal vermittelt werden, so gehen möglichst wenig Informationen, wie es im Gegensatz dazu bei der „Übersetzung“ in Text oder Audio der Fall ist, verloren. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit wurde eine konkrete AR-Anwendung analysiert und die Auswirkung auf das Besuchererlebnis durch eine im Rahmen der Masterarbeit durchgeführte Einzelfallstudie beleuchtet. Im Oberen Belvedere wurde die Schiele- App untersucht. Mit der AR-App können 6 Gemälde von Egon Schiele betrachtet werden. Für NutzerInnen der App wurde eine zusätzliche digitale Bildebene sichtbar, die Infrarotreflektografien, Röntgen- und Makroaufnahmen der Werke zeigte. Insgesamt wurden 50 Personen mittels Fragebogen befragt, davon verwendeten 25 Personen die AR-App (Gruppe A) und 25 Personen verwendeten die AR-App nicht (Gruppe B). Die Fragebogenergebnisse wurden genutzt, um vier Hypothesen zu beleuchten, die Auswirkungen der Schiele-App auf das Besuchererlebnis im Oberen Belvedere zeigen sollten: Personen der Gruppe A hatten tendenziell keinen besseren Gesamteindruck des Ausstellungsbereichs oder waren zufriedener als Personen der Gruppe B. Weiters tendierten Personen der Gruppe A nicht eher dazu, Bekannten oder FreundInnen vom Ausstellungsbesuch zu erzählen, als Personen der Gruppe B. Personen der Gruppe A beurteilten das Obere Belvedere tendenziell als moderner, innovativer und digitaler als Personen der Gruppe B. Laut den Fragebogenergebnissen erleichterte die Nutzung der App den Befragten aus der Gruppe A den Zugang zum Gemälde und weckte das Interesse am Kunstwerk.
Additional file 2 of Overview and factors associated with pregnancies and abortions occurring in sex workers in Benin
Creators: name: Sullivan, Gentiane Perrault
name: Guédou, Fernand Aimé
name: Batona, Georges
name: Kintin, Frédéric
name: Béhanzin, Luc
name: Avery, Lisa
name: Bédard, Emmanuelle
name: Gagnon, Marie-Pierre
name: Djimon Marcel Zannou
name: Kpatchavi, Adolphe
name: Alary, Michel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2 Univariate analysis for the risk of having at least one pregnancy during sex work (n = 866).
Inelastic carrier lifetime in a coupled graphene electron-phonon system: Role of plasmon-phonon coupling
Creators: name: Ahn, Seongjin
name: Hwang, E. H.
name: Min, Hongki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the inelastic scattering rates and the hot electron inelastic mean free paths for both monolayer and bilayer graphene on a polar substrate. We study the quasiparticle self-energy by taking into account both electron-electron and electron-surface optical (SO) phonon interactions. In this calculation the leading order dynamic screening approximation (G$_0$W approximation) is used to obtain the quasiparticle self-energy by treating electrons and phonons on an equal footing. We find that the strong coupling between the SO phonon and plasmon leads to a new decay channel for the quasiparticle through the emission of the coupled mode, and gives rise to an abrupt increase in the scattering rate, which is absent in the uncoupled system. In monolayer graphene a single jump in the scattering rate occurs, arising from the emission of the low energy branch of the coupled plasmon-phonon modes. In bilayer graphene the emission of both low and high energy branches of the coupled modes contributes to the scattering rate and gives rise to two abrupt changes in the scattering rate. The jumps in the scattering rate can be potentially used in the hot electron device such as switching devices and oscillators.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
The halo model in a massive neutrino cosmology
Creators: name: Massara, Elena
name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Viel, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a quantitative analysis of the halo model in the context of massive neutrino cosmologies. We discuss all the ingredients necessary to model the non-linear matter and cold dark matter power spectra and compare with the results of N-body simulations that incorporate massive neutrinos. Our neutrino halo model is able to capture the non-linear behavior of matter clustering with a $\sim 20\%$ accuracy up to very non-linear scales of $k=10~h/$Mpc (which would be affected by baryon physics). The largest discrepancies arise in the range $k=0.5-1~h/$Mpc where the 1-halo and 2-halo terms are comparable and are present also in a massless neutrino cosmology. However, at scales $k<0.2~h/$Mpc our neutrino halo model agrees with the results of N-body simulations at the level of 8\% for total neutrino masses of $<0.3$ eV. We also model the neutrino non-linear density field as a sum of a linear and clustered component and predict the neutrino power spectrum and the cold dark matter-neutrino cross-power spectrum up to $k=1~h/$Mpc with $\sim$ 30\% accuracy. For masses below 0.15 eV the neutrino halo model captures the neutrino induced suppression, casted in terms of matter power ratios between massive and massless scenarios, with a 2\% agreement with the results of N-body/neutrino simulations. Finally, we provide a simple application of the halo model: the computation of the clustering of galaxies, in massless and massive neutrinos cosmologies, using a simple Halo Occupation Distribution scheme and our halo model extension.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures; published on JCAP
Secretory Mitophagy Exports p53: A new pro-tumor survival mechanism.
Creators: name: LAYLA HASANZADAH
name: ANJU ADVANI
name: EMMA MATHEW
name: LINDA HUANG
name: Rojas, Angela
name: Purva Gade
name: Howard, Marissa
name: Liotta, Lance
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many life-threatening illnesses, from Parkinson’s disease to malignant cancers. Cells remove damaged, aged, or stressed mitochondria through a process called mitophagy. Mitophagy initiation is sensed by the molecule PINK1 triggering the isolation and packaging of the damaged mitochondrial segment for degradation through the lysosome. Our team discovered a secretory form of mitophagy where the mitochondrial segments are packaged and exported outside of the cell within extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from the interstitial fluid of breast cancer tumors. Moreover, it has been discovered that the tumor suppressor molecule p53 interacts and becomes phosphorylated by PINK1 ultimately enhancing mitophagy and carcinogenesis. Pancreatic cancer (PC) p53 mutations are associated with tumor aggressiveness. Decreased levels of intercellular p53 leads to increased genetic instability, higher tumor growth rate, and survival. We hypothesize that PC exports p53 via secretory mitophagy. We stimulated mitophagy in PANC1 and BXPC3 cells and found that phospho-p53 was elevated in small EVs. These EVs were also PINK1+. Exported p53 was also identified within breast tumor interstitial fluid. These results support the hypothesis that exported p53 aids tumor progression particularly when the tumor cells are subjected to therapeutic oxidative stress. Altogether these results constitute a novel diagnostic method of non-invasively determining the mitochondrial health and p53 status within PC.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Better Gardens-Workshop: Eine Anleitung zur Durchführung von Praxiskursen für naturnahe und biologisch bewirtschaftete Haus- und Familiengärten
Creators: name: Schleiffer, Mirjam
name: Frey, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Workshop, Gartengestaltung, naturnahe Gärten, Bodenqualität, Biodiversität

description: Viele Hobbygärtner*innen interessieren sich für Biodiversität und ökologische Zusammenhänge und möchten mit ihrer Gartenbewirtschaftung einen Beitrag zur Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt leisten. Der Austausch mit anderen interessierten Personen sowie mit Expert*innen aus Praxis und Forschung kann ihnen helfen, Ideen für eine naturnahe Gartenpraxis zu entwickeln und umzusetzen. Diese Workshop-Anleitung beschreibt eine Möglichkeit für die Gestaltung eines solchen Austauschs und Wissenstransfers. Sie wurde mehrfach erprobt und ist ein Ergebnis des vom schweizerischen Nationalfonds (SNF) finanzierten
 Projekts «Let`s talk about Better Gardens» (SNF – Agora Nr. 191645), durchgeführt durch das FiBL und die Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft (WSL). Die vorliegende Anleitung richtet sich an öffentliche Verwaltungen, Familiengartenvereine, engagierte Hobbygärtner*innen,
 Nachbarschaftsvereine und weitere Organisationen aus dem Bereich Gartenbewirtschaftung oder Naturschutz. Der Workshop behandelt die Themen Biodiversität, Boden- und Lebensqualität in städtischen Gärten. Die Teilnehmenden lernen typische Lebensräume und Kleinstrukturen im Garten kennen, diskutieren über die soziale Funktion und den Erholungswert
 der Gartenarbeit, üben Methoden zur Bodenbeurteilung und erhalten Tipps zur Förderung der Biodiversität und der Bodenqualität.
Novel Role for Phosphorylated Merlin and Mitophagy Triggered PINK-1 in Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Meniningiomas
Creators: name: EMMA MATHEW
name: Rojas, Angela
name: ANJU ADVANI
name: LAYLA HASANZADAH
name: LINDA HUANG
name: Purva Gade
name: Howard, Marissa
name: Andalibi, Ali
name: Liotta, Lance
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) is an inherited cancer caused by a mutation of the Merlin gene on chromosome 22. Merlin is an important tumor suppressor that regulates key signaling pathways important for cell growth and migration. Mitophagy is required by cancer cells for survival under stress. Unfragmented PINK-1 triggers fission and mitophagy, and damaged mitochondria fragments are exported by extracellular vesicles (EVs). We hypothesize that Merlin is associated with PINK-1 when under oxidative stress and is removed to EVs during mitophagy. This predicts that oxidative stress will shut down the tumor suppressor function of Merlin. By quantifying the relative levels of phosphorylated and total forms of PINK-1 and Merlin in EVs exported by cultured meningioma cells (subjected to stress) and also evaluating Merlin and PINK-1 in patient meningiomas and schwannomas, we discovered a close association between PINK-1 and Merlin in both patients and in the EVs derived from cultured meningiomas in vitro, confirming our hypothesis. Further understanding of the functional relationship of PINK-1 and Merlin phosphorylation during mitophagy will provide a new set of therapeutic targets for NF2 and other diseases causally associated with defects in PINK1 regulation of mitophagy.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
The Landau critical velocity for a particle in a Fermi superfluid
Creators: name: Castin, Yvan
name: Ferrier-Barbut, Igor
name: Salomon, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine {à} la Landau the critical velocity $v\_c^{L}$ of a moving impurity in a Fermi superfluid, that is by restricting to the minimal excitation processes of the superfluid. $v\_c^{L}$ is then the minimal velocity at which these processes are energetically allowed. The Fermi superfluid actually exhibits two excitation branches~: one is the fermionic pair-breaking excitation, as predicted by BCS theory; the other one is bosonic and sets pairs into motion, as predicted by Anderson's RPA. $v\_c^{L}$ is the smallest of the two corresponding critical velocities $v\_{c,f}^{L}$ and $v\_{c,b}^{L}$. In the parameter space (superfluid interaction strength, fermion-to-impurity mass ratio), we identify two transition lines, corresponding to a discontinuity of the first-order and second-order derivatives of $v\_c^{L}$. These two lines meet in a triple point and split the plane in three domains. We briefly extend this analysis to the very recently realized case at ENS, where the moving object in the Fermi superfluid is a weakly interacting Bose superfluid of impurities, rather than a single impurity. For a Bose chemical potential much smaller than the Fermi energy, the topology of the transition lines is unaffected; a key result is that the domain $v\_c^{L}=c$, where $c$ is the sound velocity in the Fermi superfluid, is turned into a domain $v\_c^{L}=c+c\_B$, where $c\_B$ is the sound velocity in the Bose superfluid, with slightly shifted boundaries.
description: final version, both in english and in french
Tumor Suppressor Merlin Offers a New Therapeutic Strategy for HER2-Low Breast Cancer
Creators: name: ANJU ADVANI
name: LAYLA HASANZADAH
name: EMMA MATHEW
name: LINDA HUANG
name: Rojas, Angela
name: Purva Gade
name: Howard, Marissa
name: Liotta, Lance
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) receptor is a membrane tyrosine kinase and when activated affects cell proliferation and survival. HER2 amplification is the primary pathway of HER2 overexpression and is a major driver of tumor development and progression in the subset of BCs. Currently there is an ongoing clinical revolution in the expanded use of HER2 directed therapies to include HER2-low patients. Greater than 60% of BCs are HER2-low. The tumor suppressor protein Merlin suppresses mitogenesis by blocking receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and arrests migration/invasion. It has been suggested that merlin interacts with mitochondria. We hypothesize that HER2-low BC cells, under the loss of functional Merlin due to oxidative stress causing mitochondrial fission by PINK1, will elevate HER2 signaling. This could dramatically alter HER2-low cell sensitivity to anti-HER2 directed therapy. When oxidative stress was applied to HER2+ cells, an increased level of phosphorylated HER2 (Y877) was found in the EVs. This connection of Merlin with mitochondrial remodeling constitutes a new source of strategies for preferentially increasing the sensitivity of HER2-low BC to HER2 directed therapies and provides a new molecular targeting axis for a large previously untreated cohort of BC patients.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
VANARC-OBS 2 cruise,Alis R/V
Creators: name: CRAWFORD Wayne
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2008

description: Déploiement des sismomètres fond de mer pour compléter un réseau sismologique sur deux blocs sismotectoniques avec des taux très élevés de surrection/subsidence et de sismicité, section centrale de l'archipel de Vanuatu. Le projet de rattachement est ANR CATELL 2006 : ARC-VANUATU.
Diffusion and bulk flow in phloem loading - a theoretical analysis of the polymer trap mechanism in plants
Creators: name: Dölger, Julia
name: Rademaker, Hanna
name: Liesche, Johannes
name: Schulz, Alexander
name: Bohr, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Plants create sugar in the mesophyll cells of their leaves by photosynthesis. This sugar, mostly sucrose, has to be loaded via the bundle sheath into the phloem vascular system (the sieve elements), where it is distributed to growing parts of the plant. We analyze the feasibility of a particular loading mechanism, active symplasmic loading, also called the polymer trap mechanism, where sucrose is transformed into heavier sugars, such as raffinose and stachyose, in the intermediary-type companion cells bordering the sieve elements in the minor veins of the phloem. Keeping the heavier sugars from diffusing back requires that the plasmodesmata connecting the bundle sheath with the intermediary cell act as extremely precise filters, which are able to distinguish between molecules that differ by less than 20% in size. In our modeling, we take into account the coupled water and sugar movement across the relevant interfaces, without explicitly considering the chemical reactions transforming the sucrose into the heavier sugars. Based on the available data for plasmodesmata geometry, sugar concentrations and flux rates, we conclude that this mechanism can in principle function. We find that the water flow through the plasmodesmata, which has not been quantified before, contributes only 10-20% to the sucrose flux into the intermediary cells, while the main part is transported by diffusion. On the other hand, the subsequent sugar translocation into the sieve elements would very likely be carried predominantly by bulk water flow through the plasmodesmata. Thus, in contrast to apoplasmic loaders, all the necessary water for phloem translocation would be supplied in this way with no need for additional water uptake across the plasma membranes of the phloem.
description: 29 pages with 5 figures
title: Alltagsvorstellungen von Schüler*innen zu unbewusster Diskriminierung aufgrund von Herkunft als Aspekt der politischen Bildung
Creators: name: Rauter, Carina
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Alltagsvorstellungen von Schüler*innen zum Thema unbewusste Diskriminierung aufgrund des sozialen Merkmals „Herkunft“. Diese werden unter dem Aspekt der Politischen Bildung untersucht, um Schüler*innen-Konzepten kennenzulernen und um darüber hinaus eine Datengrundlage für weiterführende Forschungen in der Politikdidaktik zu erarbeiten. Es handelt sich um eine empirische Arbeit, in der die Alltagsvorstellungen der Schüler*innen mithilfe einer qualitativen Forschungsmethode - der Interviewbefragung - erhoben, ausgewertet und analysiert werden. Dabei wird nach einem deduktiven Verfahren vorgegangen, in welchem getroffene Vorannahmen kategoriengeleitet überprüft werden. Das Interview umfasst die Themengebiete „Mikroaggressionen als Beispiel unbewusster Diskriminierung“, „Erlebte unbewusste Diskriminierung“ und „Unbewusste Diskriminierung im Kontext von Schule“.
description: This thesis deals with students’ everyday perceptions of unconscious discrimination based on the social attribute „origin“. These perceptions are examined under the aspect of Political Education to get an idea of the students’ concepts and, in addition, to be able to develop a data source for further research in political didactics. This is an empirical study, in which the everyday perceptions of students will be collected, evaluated and analyzed by a qualitative research method – the interview. A deductive procedure is used in which the assumptions made are validated in a category-guided manner. The interview covers the topics „microaggressions as an example of unconscious discrimination“, „experienced unconscious discrimination“ and „unconscious discrimination in context of school“.
Two dimensional kicked quantum Ising model: dynamical phase transitions
Creators: name: Pineda, Carlos
name: Prosen, Tomaž
name: Villaseñor, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an efficient one and two qubit gate simulator, operating on graphical processing units, we investigate ergodic properties of a quantum Ising spin 1/2 model on a two dimensional lattice, which is periodically driven by a $δ$-pulsed transverse magnetic field. We consider three different dynamical properties: (i) level density and (ii) level spacing distribution of the Floquet quasienergy spectrum, as well as (iii) time-averaged autocorrelation function of components of the magnetization. Varying the parameters of the model, we found transitions between ordered (non ergodic) and quantum chaotic (ergodic) phases, but the transitions between flat and non-flat spectral density {\em do not} correspond to transitions between ergodic and non-ergodic local observables. Even more surprisingly, we found nice agreement of level spacing distribution with the Wigner surmise of random matrix theory for almost all values of parameters except where the model is essentially noninteracting, even in the regions where local observables are not ergodic or where spectral density is non-flat. These findings put in question the versatility of the interpretation of level spacing distribution in many-body systems and stress the importance of the concept of locality.
TV_LISBONNE_VIGO1 cruise,Pourquoi pas ? R/V
Creators: name: Division Plans De DMI-SHOM
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2013

description: Transit valorisé du SHOM. Découpage géographique des transits TV_LISBONNE_VIGO en 2013, en fonction des ZEE. Selon le passage sur zone, le transit est TV_LISBONNE_VIGO1 ou TV_LISBONNE_VIGO2. Le découpage ne s'est pas fait par date, mais par chantier de travail, en fonction du passage en zones économiques FRANCAISE ou ESPAGNOLE.
Additional file 1 of Overview and factors associated with pregnancies and abortions occurring in sex workers in Benin
Creators: name: Sullivan, Gentiane Perrault
name: Guédou, Fernand Aimé
name: Batona, Georges
name: Kintin, Frédéric
name: Béhanzin, Luc
name: Avery, Lisa
name: Bédard, Emmanuelle
name: Gagnon, Marie-Pierre
name: Djimon Marcel Zannou
name: Kpatchavi, Adolphe
name: Alary, Michel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Duplicate observations identification test.
Distinguished rheological models in the framework of a thermodynamical internal variable theory
Creators: name: Asszonyi, Cs.
name: Fülöp, T.
name: Ván, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and analyze a thermodynamical theory of rheology with single internal variable. The universality of the model is ensured as long as the mesoscopic and/or microscopic background processes satisfy the applied thermodynamical principles, which are the second law, the basic balances and the existence of an additional-tensorial-state variable. The resulting model, which we suggest to call the Kluitenberg-Verhás body, is the Poynting-Thomson-Zener body with an additional inertial element, or, in other words, is the extension of Jeffreys model to solids. We argue that this Kluitenberg-Verhás body is the natural thermodynamical building block of rheology. An important feature of the presented methodology is that nontrivial inequality-type restrictions arise for the four parameters of the model. We compare these conditions and other aspects to those of other known thermodynamical approaches, like Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics or the original theory of Kluitenberg.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, revised
Comparison modelling of PM2.5 concentrations in the 2023 Canadian Wildfires between various emissions data products (GBBEPx, GFAS, FEER) in HYSPLIT
Creators: name: IAN YOON
name: Verstynen, Amber
name: Yunyao Li
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Wildfires are common dry-season occurrence in forested areas and cause various air quality and public health issues. To supplement the risk management of such wildfires, we ran a case study of the 2023 Canadian wildfires. The 2023 Canadian wildfire was a product of a dry late spring, ,which eleas to record fires. In this study, we run the HYSLPIT models with different fire emissions (GBBEPx, FEER, CFAS, etc) and different plume rise schemes (Briggs and Sofiev) to study the impact of emission and plume rise estimation on wildfire air quality forecast. To determine the accuracy of each sensitivity experiment, we compared the PM2.5 concent6rations from the HYSPLIT runs with ground measurements from AirNow stations across the study areas of New York, Philadelphia, and Washington DC. We found that when using the GFAS emission we would get the highest PM2.5 concentration readings, up to 108 μg/m2 in New York. However, when compared to the AirNOW, PM2.5 station readings we found that the GFAS readings were consistently several hours late. Out of all emissions, we found that FEER reported the smallest PM2.5 concentrations as they never reached above 25 μg/m2.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
WORTHY OF REMEMBRANCE: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF LETTERS WRITTEN BY SEMI-LITERATE SCOTTISH SOLDIERS FROM THE TRENCHES OF THE GREAT WAR
Creators: name: LAWSON, KIRSTEN JANE
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: Historical correspondence has been the object of increasing interest in the field of English linguistics; in particular, there has been a significant growth in the interest in letters written by encoders from the lower classes. This work focuses on the letters produced by two soldiers from the lower social classes who served as soldiers in Highland regiments on the Western Front in the Great War. For serving soldiers, and for their families at home, the creation of Great War epistolary discourse served the purpose of bridging distances and maintaining family bonds. The conservation of Great War letters by families grants a precious insight into how the lower classes discursively constructed their experiences of the conflict, in their own words. This thesis analyses a corpus constituted by letters that were sourced, scanned and transcribed. The transcribed letters led to the creation of a corpus of approximately 94,477 running words which were written between September 1914 and late November 1916, covering the first two years of the conflict. Since letter writing is a socially situated practice, one in which meaning, and significance derive from its situation in ?cultural beliefs, values, and practices? (Barton and Hall, 2000), in-depth research was conducted in order to examine the context of production and consumption of the letters. The corpus was then subjected to three different analyses investigating three different linguistic aspects. The first analysis conducted is a rhetorical move analysis which seeks to identify whether the letters constituting the corpus share sufficient rhetorical moves to warrant the trench letters being considered as a genre in their own right. The second analysis of the corpus employs a Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). For the analysis, the DHA three-dimensional model was applied to the analysis of epistolary discourse (Reisigl and Wodak, 2009, p.93); such an approach allows for the identification and analysis of the discursive strategies employed in the letters by the soldier letter-writers to share their experiences of the conflict with family at home. The third analysis examines the corpus adopting a psycholinguistic perspective and seeks to identify instances of expressive codeswitching between English (L1), Scots (L2) and French (L3) with the twofold aim of verifying the language preference for emotion and emotion-laden words, and of investigating how the ?emotional context? of the trenches may play a meaningful role in the processing of emotion words. By adopting three diverse approaches for the analysis of the corpus, the thesis seeks to identify and document the key features of the soldier letters in order to better understand the dynamics and characteristics of such writings.
Comparing Fire Weather Index (FWI) and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) as Predictors to Forecast Subseasonal Wildfire Emissions
Creators: name: SOPHIA TANG
name: ARUSHI DESAI
name: Yunyao Li
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Wildfires are becoming increasingly common, and although several studies have examined how Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) can be used to predict Fire Radiative Power (FRP), the radiative energy a fire emits, most of them only focus on Canadian wildfires. This study uses FWI and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) to predict FRP in both the USA in 2020 as well as the 2020 Washington Labor Day Fires. VPD is the difference between the amount of moisture the air can hold at its saturation point and the amount of moisture currently in the air and is now considered more accurate than Relative Humidity (RH). We create cumulative distribution functions for FWI and VPD to predict FRP up to 7 days in the future. The accuracies of these FRP predictions are compared to each other as well as static methods, like persistent FRP and constantly decreasing FRP to further measure their precision. Results reveal that VPD predictions of FRP are more accurate than predictions with FWI and static FRP prediction methods. VPD predictions of 7 day FRP were 19.23% more accurate than constantly decreasing FRP and 76.03% more accurate than persistent FRP. More accurate predictions with VPD can help mitigate the risk of destructive wildfires, emphasizing the need for accurate and reliable wildfire prediction infrastructure to protect communities that are at risk.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
A Twistorial Approach to Integrability in N=4 SYM
Creators: name: Koster, Laura
name: Mitev, Vladimir
name: Staudacher, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the achievements in the study of N=4 Super Yang-Mills through the application of integrability are impressive, the precise origins of the exact solvability remain shrouded in mystery. In this note, we propose that viewing the problem through the lens of twistor theory should help to clarify the reasons for integrability. We illustrate the power of this approach by rederiving the model's one-loop spin chain dilatation operator in the SO(6) sector.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. This is the accepted version that has been published in Fortschritte der Physik 63, No. 2, 142-147 (2015)
Gravity and the Collapse of the Wave Function: a Probe into Diósi-Penrose model
Creators: name: Bahrami, Mohammad
name: Smirne, Andrea
name: Bassi, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Diósi-Penrose (DP) proposal for connecting the collapse of the wave function to gravity. The DP model needs a free parameter, acting as a cut-off to regularize the dynamics, and the predictions of the model highly depend on the value of this cut-off. The Compton wavelength of a nucleon seems to be the most reasonable cut-off value since it justifies the non-relativistic approach. However, with this value, the DP model predicts an unrealistic high rate of energy increase. Thus, one either is forced to choose a much larger cut-off, which is not physically justified and totally arbitrary, or one needs to include dissipative effects in order to tame the energy increase. Taking the analogy with dissipative collisional decoherence seriously, we develop a dissipative generalization of the DP model. We show that even with dissipative effects, the DP model contradicts known physical facts, unless either the cut-off is kept artificially large, or one limits the applicability of the model to massive systems. We also provide an estimation for the mass range of this applicability.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure; v2 updated references and fixed minor mistakes in Eqs.(18) and (31)-(34), thanks to Marko Toros for pointing them out
VANARC-OBS 1 cruise,Alis R/V
Creators: name: CRAWFORD Wayne
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2008

description: Déploiement des sismomètres fond de mer pour compléter un réseau sismologique sur deux blocs sismotectoniques avec des taux très élevés de surrection/subsidence et de sismicité, section centrale de l'archipel de Vanuatu. Le projet de rattachement est ANR CATELL 2006 : ARC-VANUATU.
TESTING COLOR APPEARANCE MODELS IN COMPLEX SCENE
Creators: name: BONANOMI, CRISTIAN
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2011

description: The sensation of sight is our primary mechanism to perceive the world around us. However it is not yet perfectly clear how the human visual system works. The images of the world are formed on the retina, captured by sensors and converted in signals sent to the brain. Here the signals are processed and somehow interpreted, thus we are able to see. A lot of information, hypothesis, hints come from a field of the optical (or visual) illusions. These illusions have led many scientists and researchers to ask themselves why we are not able to interpret in a correct way some particular scenes. The word ?interpret? underlines the fact that the brain, and not only the eye, is involved in the process of vision. If our sight worked as a measurement tool, similar to a spectrophotometer, we would not perceive, for example, the simultaneous contrast phenomenon, in which a grey patch placed on a black background appears lighter than an identical coloured patch on a white background. So, why do we perceive the patches as different, while the light that reaches the eyes is the same? In the same way we would not be able to distinguish a white paper seen in a room lit with a red light from a red paper seen under a white light, however humans can do this. These phenomena are called colour appearance phenomena. Simulating the appearance is the objective of a range of computational models called colour appearance models. In this dissertation themes about colour appearance models are addressed. Specific experiments, performed by human observers, aim to evaluate and measure the appearance. Different algorithms are tested in order to compare the results of the computational model with the human sensations about colours. From these data, a new printing pipeline is developed, able to simulate the appearance of advertising billboard in different context.
A priori error estimates for a time-dependent boundary element method for the acoustic wave equation in a half-space
Creators: name: Gimperlein, Heiko
name: Nezhi, Zouhair
name: Stephan, Ernst P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate a time-domain Galerkin boundary element method for the wave equation outside a Lipschitz obstacle in an absorbing half-space. A priori estimates are presented for both closed surfaces and screens, and we discuss the relevant properties of anisotropic Sobolev spaces and the boundary integral operators between them.
description: 22 pages, minor corrections, to appear in special issue of MMAS
Determining and Applying the Relationship Between FWI and FRP In Predicting Fire Change
Creators: name: ARUSHI DESAI
name: SOPHIA TANG
name: Yunyao Li
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Fire Weather Index (FWI) analyzes how fire-prone an area is through considering the Initial Spread Index, or the wind and moisture levels in the area, and Buildup Index, or the amount of fuel available for combustion. An understanding of the relationship between FWI and changes in Fire Radiative Power (FRP), or the amount of energy released by fires, has been sought after in order to better fire management/prevention efforts. While FWI can analyze how susceptible an area is to fires, we lack an understanding of how FWI can be applied to predict fire change. Using 2020’s fire data, we analyzed fire duration and FWI distribution through scatterplots and histograms. Using this analysis, we performed statistical normalization to create a CDF of normalized FWI values on a 0 to 1 scale, removing the bottom and top 10% of FWI data in order to truncate out any extreme outliers. Our method involved normalizing a day’s FWI value, finding its corresponding value in the CDF, and multiplying this newfound value by a day’s FRP to find the next day’s FRP. This method was used to perform both 7-day and next-day forecasts, comparing predicted FRP to actual FRP. I focused on the specific region of the August Complex Fire, where my predictions proved to have a lower error than assuming a 25% decrease in FRP or persistent FRP, with the error only decreasing as the forecasts grew longer. The implications therein remain that FWI predicts FRP change more accurately than assuming no change or assuming a constant change.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Additional file 3 of Overview and factors associated with pregnancies and abortions occurring in sex workers in Benin
Creators: name: Sullivan, Gentiane Perrault
name: Guédou, Fernand Aimé
name: Batona, Georges
name: Kintin, Frédéric
name: Béhanzin, Luc
name: Avery, Lisa
name: Bédard, Emmanuelle
name: Gagnon, Marie-Pierre
name: Djimon Marcel Zannou
name: Kpatchavi, Adolphe
name: Alary, Michel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3 Univariate analysis for the risk of having at least one abortion for women who had at least one pregnancy during sex work (n = 140).
Making Bitcoin Legal Tender: Lessons from El Salvador’s Bitcoin Law for India and the United States
Creators: name: SOHAM BHATT
name: Jiasun Li
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: As the global expansion of cryptocurrencies, particularly Bitcoin, continues, the quest for identifying the most effective approach to establish them as legal tender is a significant challenge for numerous countries. El Salvador's recent enactment of the Bitcoin Law, which made Bitcoin legal tender, has led to mixed responses from the populace. As economic powerhouses like India and the United States are trending toward a similar path, a question remains unanswered: What is the most optimal way to make cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, legal tender in these nations? By analyzing El Salvador's experience, this research tries to identify crucial components of the Bitcoin Law and its reception that can guide India and the United States in formulating policies. The study evaluates the existing legal frameworks in both countries and suggests necessary changes to help Bitcoin be accepted as a formal medium of exchange. Additionally, economic and social barriers, including financial stability and digital literacy, are examined to ensure they are acknowledged before adopting Bitcoin as an official currency. This research hopes to provide an unbiased consensus on the most optimal path to establish Bitcoin as a legal tender.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
A Survey of the FedNow Payment Rail: A Comparative Analysis with Global Instant Payment Systems
Creators: name: SAAHAS PULIVARTHI
name: Jiasun Li
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: The field of instant payment systems has transformed financial transactions by enabling real-time fund transfers. This survey explores the FedNow payment rail, introduced by the U.S. Federal Reserve, and compares it with the instant payment systems of other countries to identify the strengths and weaknesses of FedNow. As FedNow is extremely new, a knowledge gap lies in understanding how the payment rail compares with other global instant payment systems in terms of efficiency, security, and scalability. This abstract also highlights the need for a comprehensive analysis of different countries' implementations to draw valuable insights for the development of future payment infrastructures. The research involved an extensive literature review of the FedNow payment rail and prominent instant payment systems like the FPS, SCT Inst, and UPI. By examining their features, security measures, and transaction processing mechanisms, this survey identified areas of improvement for the FedNow system and drew lessons from successful international implementations. The findings highlight the strengths of the FedNow payment rail, such as regulatory support and integration with existing financial infrastructure. However, challenges related to interoperability and scalability were also identified, which may impact its long-term success. Overall, this survey underscores the importance of learning from global experiences to enhance the efficiency and robustness of instant payment systems, with implications for the advancement of financial technology and inclusive financial services.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
On the quest of scholarly communities of attention: large-scale clustering of Twitter users around scientific publications
Creators: name: Alysson Mazoni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In this study we provide a first account of the methodological workflow for a large-scale clustering of the Twitter communities of attention around scientific publications as captured in the open database Crossref Event Data. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest algorithmic clustering of Twitter users and scientific publications performed to date. The availability of this type of clustering opens new analytical possibilities in the study of the Twitter dissemination of scientific publications. For example, making possible the study of the diversity of the communities in which publications have been tweeted enabling the differentiation of publications tweeted in smaller or larger communities, or the identification of those communities that tweet more superficially or automatically. From a technical point of view, the use of big data tools (Google BigQuery) was implemented given the large size of data involved in the clustering. Moreover, the use of the relative weight allowed for the determination of well connected communities without much skewness in its sizes. The sheer size and availability of open data opens the way for several kinds of analysis that demand careful use of file formats and computation resources, usually based on big data tools such as data warehouses and running multiprocessor code. Future research will necessarily focus on two additional developments: 1) refining the clustering to include those less connected communities in a meaningful manner, making them also more balanced, and 2) implementing a labelling of the different clusters obtained. For the first, additional clustering (e.g. clustering of clusters) and reclustering of smaller clusters will be very likely the approach to go. For the second, we aim at finding potentially meaningful information by collecting metadata from papers (e.g. journals, titles, topics) and Twitter users (e.g. profile descriptions, geolocations, URLs). That information, combined with language processing techniques will potentially allow the labelling of the clusters in order to better characterise the communities and their dynamics in disseminating scientific publications on Twitter.
Spatiotemporal Chaotic unjamming and jamming in granular avalanches
Creators: name: Wang, Ziwei
name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the spatiotemporal chaotic dynamics of unjamming and jamming of particles in a toy-model system -- a rotating drum partially filled with bidisperse disks to create avalanches. The magnitudes of the first Lyapunov vector $δu(t)$ and velocity $v(t)$ of particles are directly measured for the first time to yield insights into their spatial correlation $C_{δu,v}$, which is stronger near the unjamming but is weaker near the jamming transition, consistent with the recent work of Banigan et al., Nature Phys. $\bf{9}$, 288, (2013). $v(t)$ shows rich dynamics: it grows exponentially for unstable particles and keeps increasing despite stochastic interactions; after the maximum, it decays with large fluctuations. Hence the spatiotemporal chaotic dynamics of avalanche particles are entangled, causing temporal correlations of macroscopic quantities of the system. We propose a simple model for these observations.
Assessing Optimism's Impact on Ethereum's Scalability and Transaction Efficiency
Creators: name: RHEA RAJMANNA
name: Jiasun Li
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: While blockchain technology, Ethereum in particular, has transformed digital agreements, it still faces challenges in certain areas. Optimistic Roll-ups are a Layer 2 scaling solution that aims to improve the efficiency of Ethereum by increasing scalability, reducing fees through transaction bundling, and improving security. Optimism block production is overseen by a central entity known as the "sequencer," responsible for critical functions such as transaction confirmation, state updates, and executing L2 blocks. Despite the increasing adoption of Layer 2 scaling solutions like Optimism, a comprehensive evaluation of its impact on Ethereum's transaction efficiency remains lacking in the existing literature. This research aims to investigate the use of Optimism’s impact on three important factors: gas fees (transaction execution costs), transaction fees (fees paid to validators), and batch sizes (number of transactions). To examine specific transactions and compare them between the Ethereum blockchain and the Optimism rollup chain, the explorers Etherscan, and Optimism were used. Data was collected and analyzed on the 3 primary dependent variables and it showed that by implementing Optimism, transactions were processed faster in larger batches, reducing costs, and increasing transactions. Additionally, it was shown that Optimism achieved lower gas fees by implementing a method called block storage, leveraging the availability and integrity guarantees of Ethereum while minimizing the gas fees associated with storing blocks. These findings provide insights of the impact of Optimism on Ethereum's transaction efficiency. Furthermore, & the enhanced understanding of the efficiency and scalability of Optimism could attract more users and developers to Ethereum, leading to an increase in the overall number of transactions taking place on the network.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)