cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the European Union's response to online misinformation and disinformation: how to address harm while maximising freedom of expression?
Creators: name: Russ, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2022
Subjects: free speech
fake news
online harm
platform regulation
European Union
misinformation
disinformation

description: This project assesses the use of internet platform “content curation” tools as interferences with the right to expression when they are employed consistently with European Union (EU) regulations, to mitigate the impact of mis/disinformation. The project begins with a detailed discussion of the EU’s understanding of “mis/disinformation” and examines its form, manner of distribution and its authors. Mis/disinformation is fundamentally content that is verifiably false or misleading and not content that is true. With a definition in hand, the project provides a theory of the harm associated with mis/disinformation as it is understood by the EU. This theory draws out several key points about the nature of mis/disinformation as a “public harm” that is problematic when distributed en masse. The project assesses how this public harm is currently addressed in practice through current voluntary and emerging co-regulatory EU frameworks of mis/disinformation regulation. This involves a discussion of the nature of platform regulation and details how platforms use content curation tools to limit mis/disinformation distribution. It finds that these curation tools, assessed as potential interferences with the right to expression through the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and Court of Justice of the European Union, are interferences with freedom of expression. Finally, the project examines the novelty of the interference posed by these content curation tools. It suggests that these tools, while effective means of directly addressing the public harm of mis/disinformation, place a newfound focus on the ability to receive information, the values of pluralism, and importance of user transparency for understanding interference online.
Finite cycle Gibbs measures on permutations of $\mathbb Z^d$
Creators: name: Armendáriz, Inés
name: Ferrari, Pablo A.
name: Groisman, Pablo
name: Leonardi, Florencia G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Gibbs distributions on the set of permutations of $\mathbb Z^d$ associated to the Hamiltonian $H(σ):=\sum_{x} V(σ(x)-x)$, where $σ$ is a permutation and $V:\mathbb Z^d\to\mathbb R$ is a strictly convex potential. Call finite-cycle those permutations composed by finite cycles only. We give conditions on $V$ ensuring that for large enough temperature $α>0$ there exists a unique infinite volume ergodic Gibbs measure $μ^α$ concentrating mass on finite-cycle permutations; this measure is equal to the thermodynamic limit of the specifications with identity boundary conditions. We construct $μ^α$ as the unique invariant measure of a Markov process on the set of finite-cycle permutations that can be seen as a loss-network, a continuous-time birth and death process of cycles interacting by exclusion, an approach proposed by Fernández, Ferrari and Garcia. Define $τ_v$ as the shift permutation $τ_v(x)=x+v$. In the Gaussian case $V=\|\cdot\|^2$, we show that for each $v\in\mathbb Z^d$, $μ^α_v$ given by $μ^α_v(f)=μ^α[f(τ_v\cdot)]$ is an ergodic Gibbs measure equal to the thermodynamic limit of the specifications with $τ_v$ boundary conditions. For a general potential $V$, we prove the existence of Gibbs measures $μ^α_v$ when $α$ is bigger than some $v$-dependent value.
title: Die Entstehung von Filmmusik in Hollywoods Studiosystem aus der Perspektive der Komponist*innen
Creators: name: Knöttig, Martina
Year: 2021

description: Die Ära des Studiosystems war eine prägende Zeit in der Geschichte des Films, welche besonders von einer Reihe technischer Innovationen und dem Produktionssystem einer Handvoll marktführender Filmstudios in Hollywood beeinflusst war. Die großen finanziellen Mittel der Filmstudios, sowie die ständige Anwesenheit mehrerer tausend Mitarbeiter*innen verschiedener Abteilungen an einem Ort ermöglichten sowohl einzigartige Arbeitsverhältnisse, als auch große kreative Möglichkeiten für die Filmproduktion. Dies betraf auch die Entstehung von Filmmusik und somit ebenfalls den Berufsalltag der damals tätigen Filmkomponist*innen. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie damals tätige Komponist*innen den Einfluss der Produktionsweise des Studiosystems auf den Schaffensprozess von Filmmusik wahr-genommen und dargestellt haben. Um deren Perspektive darzulegen, werden Selbst-darstellungen verschiedener Komponist*innen und die darin enthaltenen Schilderungen ihrer Tätigkeit vergleichend untersucht. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf der Beschreibung der eigenen kreativen Prozesse und Arbeitsumstände. Durch diese vergleichende Untersuchung wird ersichtlich, dass die kompositorische Tätigkeit innerhalb der Filmstudios sehr facettenreich dargestellt wird und sich der dortige Arbeitsalltag durch eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Aspekte in einem ständi-gen Wandel befand. Zu diesen zählen unter anderem Personalwechsel, ökonomische Faktoren, oder das Ausmaß an kreativem Spielraum der Komponist*innen beim Schaffen von Filmmusik. Auch bezüglich ihrer Kompositionsweise teilen die Kompo-nist*innen individuell verschiedene Ansätze, welche sich beispielsweise durch eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Funktion von Filmmusik oder der Verwendung unter-schiedlicher Kompositionstechniken auszeichnen.
Exploring Insect Gut Microbial Diversity: A Scientific Inquiry
Creators: name: Anto Rashwin A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The gut microbiome, form intricate communities that coexist in a delicate balance with their insect hosts. This symbiotic relationship, often overlooked, has far-reaching implications, influencing not only the health and behaviour of the insects themselves but also their resurgence against applied pesticides (Siddiqui et al., 2022). Gut microbiome analysis delves deep into the heart of this complexity, aiming to unravel the secrets held within the diverse communities of microorganisms residing in the insect gut. By exploring their composition, interactions, and functions, entomologists have begun to decipher the profound impact of insect gut microbial diversity on ecological processes, agricultural practices, and even human health.
Fluchtmigration – ein Lerngegenstand im Sachunterricht
Creators: name: Lange, Sarah Désirée
name: Groh, Nicola
name: Franz, Ute
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Im Sinne des didaktischen Dreiecks (z.B. Reusser 2006) geht es im vorliegenden Beitrag darum, die Sicht von (angehenden) Grundschullehrkräften auf den Gegenstand ‚Fluchtmigration‘ zu analysieren und darum, welche Sachaspekte (vgl. Tänzer 2010, S. 34) ausgehend von diesem Lerngegenstand herausgearbeitet werden können. Um dies zu beantworten, wurden im Projekt ProSeLF (Professionalisierung von Grundschullehrkräften durch Service Learning im Kontext Fluchtmigration) (Lange 2017a) zu Beginn und am Ende des entsprechenden Begleitseminars die mittels einer Fragebogenerhebung erfassten N=424 offenen Antworten von 124 Studierenden ausgewertet. Eine induktive Kategorienbildung mittels zusammenfassender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse zeigte, dass für die angehenden Grundschullehrkräfte die folgenden Aspekte bedeutsame Argumente sind, um den Inhalt Fluchtmigration zum Lerngegenstand im Sachunterricht zu machen: die gesellschaftliche Aktualität des Inhalts Fluchtmigration, Fluchtmigration als übergreifende Bildungs- und Erziehungsaufgabe, die methodisch-didaktischen Herausforderungen im Umgang mit dem Lerngegenstand Fluchtmigration, die curriculare Verortung sowie die Vielperspektivität der inhaltlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Fluchtmigration im Sachunterricht. Zusammenfassend zeichnen die Ergebnisse das Bild, dass Fluchtmigration von den befragten Studierenden als wichtiger Unterrichtsinhalt im Sachunterricht angesehen wird, den es aufgrund der gesellschaftlichen Aktualität in der Grundschule besonders zu berücksichtigen und methodisch-didaktisch angemessen aufzugreifen gilt. Dieser Lerninhalt wird von nahezu allen Studierenden insbesondere – aber nicht ausschließlich – curricular im Sachunterricht verortet und stellt aus ihrer Sicht eine übergreifende Bildungs- und Erziehungsaufgabe dar, der gerade auch im Sachunterricht Rechnung getragen werden kann. In der Diskussion der Ergebnisse werden in diesem Artikel unterrichtspraktische Anregungen entwickelt und die Bedeutung einer interdisziplinären Betrachtungsweise für die Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung herausgearbeitet.
Structure Evolution of Graphene Oxide during Thermally Driven Phase Transformation: Is the Oxygen Content Really Preserved?
Creators: name: Sun, Pengzhan
name: Wang, Yanlei
name: Liu, He
name: Wang, Kunlin
name: Wu, Dehai
name: Xu, Zhiping
name: Zhu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mild annealing procedure was recently proposed for the scalable enhancement of graphene oxide (GO) properties with the oxygen content preserved, which was demonstrated to be attributed to the thermally driven phase separation. In this work, the structure evolution of GO with mild annealing is closely investigated. It reveals that in addition to phase separation, the transformation of oxygen functionalities also occurs, which leads to the slight reduction of GO membranes and furthers the enhancement of GO properties. These results are further supported by the density functional theory based calculations. The results also show that the amount of chemically bonded oxygen atoms on graphene decreases gradually and we propose that the strongly physisorbed oxygen species constrained in the holes and vacancies on GO lattice might be responsible for the preserved oxygen content during the mild annealing procedure. The present experimental results and calculations indicate that both the diffusion and transformation of oxygen functional groups might play important roles in the scalable enhancement of GO properties.
A PDE approach to fractional diffusion: a posteriori error analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Long
name: Nochetto, Ricardo H.
name: Otárola, Enrique
name: Salgado, Abner J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J70, 65N12, 65N30, 65N50

description: We derive a computable a posteriori error estimator for the $α$-harmonic extension problem, which localizes the fractional powers of elliptic operators supplemented with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Our a posteriori error estimator relies on the solution of small discrete problems on anisotropic cylindrical stars. It exhibits built-in flux equilibration and is equivalent to the energy error up to data oscillation, under suitable assumptions. We design a simple adaptive algorithm and present numerical experiments which reveal a competitive performance.
Freies Explorieren als Umgangsweise mit Welt
Creators: name: Schütte, Florian
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Im Folgenden sollen zentrale Ergebnisse der Studie „Freies Explorieren zum Thema elektrischer Stromkreis“ vorgestellt und diskutiert werden. Ziel der im naturwissenschafts- und technikbezogenen Bereich des Sachlernens angesiedelten Studie war es, Suchräume zu rekonstruieren, innerhalb derer Kinder nach Ursachen für das Funktionieren von Stromkreisen suchen. Der Begriff des Suchraums geht zurück auf Klahr und Dunbar (1988), die in Bezug auf den Prozess des wissenschaftlichen Argumentierens zwei zentrale Strategien identifizieren konn-ten: Die Suche im Hypothesensuchraum und die Suche im Experimentiersuchraum (vgl. Klahr & Dunbar 1988, S. 1). Später wurde die Idee des Suchraumes im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung von Problemen von Kindern beim hypothesenprüfenden Experimentieren von Hammann (2004) aufgegriffen. Ob und welche Suchräume Kinder beim freien Explorieren betreten, sollte in der Studie geklärt werden.Der Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrages liegt auf der Begründung des Settings zur Auseinandersetzung mit Materialien zum elektrischen Stromkreis. Das freie Explorieren (Köster 2006) als Ansatz schulischen Experimentierens wurde gewählt, um Kinder zum Handeln anzuregen, um dann über diese videographierten Handlungen implizites Wissen (Polanyi 2016) zu rekonstruieren. Der Fokus der Ergebnisdarstellung liegt auf den inhaltlichen Befunden – zum einen auf den rekonstruierten Suchräumen in Phasen des freien Explorierens zum elektrischen Stromkreis und zum anderen auf Befunden zum freien Explorieren an sich. Die Darstellungen schließen mit der Diskussion des besonderen Wertes des freien Explorierens als Zugang zu Dingen und Phänomenen im naturwissenschafts- und technikbezogenen Sachunterricht.
The systematic literature review of digital health interventions in South Africa
Creators: name: Sithebe, Chico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 360202
subject: Digital writing
classificationCode: 470108
subject: Organisational, interpersonal and intercultural communication
classificationCode: 470508
subject: Digital literature
classificationCode: 470514
subject: Literary theory

description: Digital health, which includes digital care programs, technologies with health, healthcare, living, and society to enhance the efficiency of healthcare delivery and to make medicine more personalized and precise. The discipline uses information and communication technologies to facilitate understanding of health problems and challenges faced by people receiving medical treatment[3] and social prescribing more personalised and precise.
Radiation of Supersymmetric Particles from Aharonov-Bohm R-string
Creators: name: Ookouchi, Yutaka
name: Yonemoto, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study radiation of supersymmetric particles from an Aharonov-Bohm string associated with a discrete R-symmetry. Radiation of the lightest supersymmetric particle, when combined with the observed dark matter density, imposes constraints on the string tension or the freeze-out temperature of the particle. We also calculate the amplitude for Aharonov-Bohm radiation of massive spin $3/2$ particles.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, v2: typos corrected,v3: section 3.2 and appendix B added
Large-scale Cosmic Flows from Cosmicflows-2 Catalog
Creators: name: Watkins, Richard
name: Feldman, Hume A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cosmicflows-2 catalogue is a compendium of peculiar velocity measurements. While it has many objects in common with the COMPOSITE catalogue, a previously analysed collection of peculiar velocity data found to give an unexpectedly large bulk flow on large scales, the data in Cosmicflows-2 have been reanalysed to ensure consistency between distances measured using different methods. In particular, a focus on accurate distances led the authors of the Cosmicflows-2 to not correct for homogeneous or inhomogeneous Malmquist bias, both or which are corrected for in the COMPOSITE compilation. We find remarkable agreement between the COMPOSITE and the Cosmicflows-2 if the small EFAR sample of clusters located in two dense superclusters is removed from both surveys, giving results that are inconsistent with the $Λ$ cold dark matter standard model with Planck central parameters at the 98\% level. On smaller scales we find overall agreement between data sets and consistency with the standard model.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Major changes since v1, updated to match version accepted by MNRAS
Instantons and the Hartle-Hawking-Maldacena Proposal for dS/CFT
Creators: name: de Haro, Sebastian
name: Petkou, Anastasios C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the Maldacena proposal for the Hartle-Hawking late time quantum state in an asymptotically de Sitter universe. In particular, we calculate the on-shell action for scalar instantons on the southern hemisphere of the four-sphere and compare the result with the renormalized on-shell action for scalar instantons in EAdS$_4$. The two results agree provided the corresponding instanton moduli as well as the curvature radii are analytically continued. The instanton solutions in de Sitter are novel and satisfy mixed boundary conditions. We also point out that instantons on $S^4$ calculate the regularized volume of EAdS$_4$, while instantons on EAdS$_4$ calculate the volume of $S^4$, where the boundary condition of the instanton in one space is identified with the radius of curvature of the other. We briefly discuss the implications of the above geometric property of instantons for higher-spin holography.
description: 15 pages; v2: JHEP version, formula (3.3) corrected, comments and refs added
Curvature of the chiral pseudo-critical line in QCD
Creators: name: Bonati, Claudio
name: D'Elia, Massimo
name: Mariti, Marco
name: Mesiti, Michele
name: Negro, Francesco
name: Sanfilippo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the curvature of the pseudo-critical line of strong interactions by means of numerical simulations at imaginary chemical potentials. We consider $N_f=2+1$ stout improved staggered fermions with physical quark masses and the tree level Symanzik gauge action, and explore two different sets of lattice spacings, corresponding to temporal extensions $N_t = 6$ and $N_t = 8$. Both the renormalized chiral condensate and the renormalized chiral susceptibility are used to locate the transition. The determinations obtained from the two quantities are in good agreement, a preliminary continuum extrapolation yields $κ= 0.013(2)(1)$. We also investigate the impact of a non-zero strange quark chemical potential and compare our results to previous determinations in the literature, discussing the possible sources of systematic errors affecting the various procedures.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, 11 tables. Published version
Real Baum-Connes assembly and T-duality for torus orientifolds
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L60 (Primary), 19K35, 19L64, 81T30, 46L85, 19L50 (Secondary)

description: We show that the real Baum-Connes conjecture for abelian groups, possibly twisted by a cocycle, explains the isomorphisms of (twisted) KR-groups that underlie all T-dualities of torus orientifold string theories.
description: 14 pages. Minor corrections, a few more references and explanations
Parameter-free methods distinguish Wnt pathway models and guide design of experiments
Creators: name: MacLean, Adam L.
name: Rosen, Zvi
name: Byrne, Helen M.
name: Harrington, Heather A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The canonical Wnt signaling pathway, mediated by $β$-catenin, is crucially involved in development, adult stem cell tissue maintenance and a host of diseases including cancer. We undertake analysis of different mathematical models of Wnt from the literature, and compare them to a new mechanistic model of Wnt signaling that targets spatial localization of key molecules. Using Bayesian methods we infer parameters for each of the models to mammalian Wnt signaling data and find that all models can fit this time course. We are able to overcome this lack of data by appealing to algebraic methods (concepts from chemical reaction network theory and matroid theory) to analyze the models without recourse to specific parameter values. These approaches provide insight into Wnt signaling: The new model (unlike any other investigated) permits a bistable switch in the system via control of shuttling and degradation parameters, corresponding to stem-like vs committed cell states in the differentiation hierarchy. Our analysis also identifies groups of variables that must be measured to fully characterize and discriminate between competing models, and thus serves as a guide for performing minimal experiments for model comparison.
description: 37 pages, 6 figures; errors fixed and comparison with data
Study of Radioactive Impurities in Neutron Transmutation Doped Germanium
Creators: name: Mathimalar, S.
name: Dokania, N.
name: Singh, V.
name: Nanal, V.
name: Pillay, R. G.
name: Shrivastava, A.
name: Jagadeesan, K. C.
name: Thakare, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A program to develop low temperature (mK) sensors with neutron transmutation doped Ge for rare event studies with a cryogenic bolometer has been initiated. For this purpose, semiconductor grade Ge wafers are irradiated with thermal neutron flux from Dhruva reactor at BARC, Mumbai. Spectroscopic studies of irradiated samples have revealed that the environment of the capsule used for irradiating the sample leads to significant levels of $^{65}$Zn, $^{110}$Ag and $^{182}$Ta impurities, which can be reduced by chemical etching of approximately $\sim50 μ$m thick surface layer. From measurements of the etched samples in the low background counting setup, activity due to trace impurities of $^{123}$Sb in bulk Ge is estimated to be $\sim$ 1 Bq/gm after irradiation. These estimates indicate that in order to use the NTD Ge sensors for rare event studies, a cool down period of $\sim$ 2 years would be necessary to reduce the radioactive background to $\le$ 1 mBq/gm.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF COMPLEX TRAITS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L. Merr): INSIGHTS INTO SELECTION FOR YIELD, MATURITY AND SEED QUALITY
Creators: name: Sanchez, Diana Marcela Escamilla
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other agricultural, veterinary and food sciences not elsewhere classified
Crop and pasture improvement (incl. selection and breeding)

description: Despite the continuous breeding efforts towards improving yield, seed quality, and yield-related traits, there is still little understanding of several aspects of soybean breeding; however, crop breeding is ever-evolving, and plant breeding technologies offer immense potential for accelerating genetic improvement in soybeans. This thesis explores different frameworks to further characterize tradeoffs among seed quality traits, soybean maturity's genetic architecture, and selections for yield. We explored the interactions of carbohydrate traits with other seed traits, flowering, and maturity using data from a large panel of G. max accessions from the USDA soybean germplasm collection. We found a negative correlation between sucrose and protein and a negative correlation between protein and oil, representing a significant challenge for improving seed quality. In contrast to other well-documented correlations, such as protein and oil, correlations between raffinose and oil content seem more specific to populations and environments and are unlikely to generalize to the whole specie; however, the correlations of sucrose with protein and seed size appears to be more stable. In addition, we performed a genome-wide association analysis (GWA) to detect novel QTLs for flowering (R1) time, maturity (R8) time, and reproductive length (RL) using a soybean panel with the same genotype for major E genes (e1-as/E2/E3). While major maturity E genes are known to have pleiotropic effects on R1 and R8, we found two QTLs associated with R8 and RL that do not control R1, suggesting minor-effect, trait-specific loci are also involved in controlling R1 and R8. In addition, we identified six genes that may play essential roles in regulating R1, R8, and RL; however, further validation of the QTLs and fine mapping and map-based cloning studies of the candidate genes are necessary before they can be used in breeding programs. Lastly, we conducted a selection experiment in progeny row (PR) populations of four breeding programs to compare the agronomic performance of lines selected by breeders using their usual selection methods to lines selected through prediction of yield performance using new sources of data and information. Our results suggest that aerial average canopy coverage (ACC) used as a secondary trait in combination with field spatial variation adjustment is an efficient high throughput methodology to effectively select high-yielding lines from non-replicated experiments at the PR stage.
Zur Thematisierung von Identität in der Sachunterrichtsdidaktik – ein Theoriedefizit
Creators: name: Siebach, Martin
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern sich die Thematisierung von Identität in einem zentralen Ausschnitt wissenschaftlicher Veröffentlichungen der Sachunterrichtsdidaktik zum einen auf der Höhe des sozialwissenschaftlichen Diskurses um Identität befindet; zum anderen an Bildungszielen orientierten normativen Kriterien genügt. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer mehrdimensionalen diskurs-analytischen Untersuchung genutzt. Aufgrund von bestimmten Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchung wird anschließend außerdem diskutiert, inwieweit der Umgang mit Theorie in diesem spezifischen Fall als exemplarisch für die Sachunterrichtsdidaktik gelten kann.Zuerst wird der Begriff der Identität vorgestellt. Notwendigerweise kann an dieser Stelle keine der Komplexität der Begriffs- und Theoriegeschichte angemessene Darstellung geleistet werden; versucht wird ein kurzer explorativer und synoptischer Streifzug. Anschließend wird in knapper Form das Design der diskursanalytischen Untersuchung skizziert und das methodische Vorgehen zur Beantwortung der hier aufgeworfenen Fragestellung dargelegt. Dann erfolgt die Darstellung der Ergebnisse, die abschließend zur Diskussion gestellt werden.
Wildnisbildung – ein Desiderat grundschulpädagogischer und sachunterrichtsdidaktischer Forschung
Creators: name: Simon, Jaqueline
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Ausgehend von einer Skizze der Bedeutung und Aktualität von Wildnis widmet sich der Beitrag dem in grundschulpädagogischen und sachunterrichtsdidaktischen Diskursen kaum berücksichtigten Bildungskonzept der Wildnisbildung, das sich auch in der Primarstufe u.a. zur Umsetzung einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) eignet. Es werden der Stand der für eine Wildnisbildung relevanten Forschung themenverwandter Diskurse sowie der Stand der originären Wildnisbildungsforschung zusammengefasst und zentrale Desiderate derselben herausgearbeitet. Weiterhin werden Einblicke in ein laufendes Wildnisbildungs(for-schungs)projekt gegeben und somit Möglichkeiten einer empirischen sachunterrichtsdidaktischen Wildnisbildungsforschung skizziert.
A Tractable Fault Detection and Isolation Approach for Nonlinear Systems with Probabilistic Performance
Creators: name: Esfahani, Peyman Mohajerin
name: Lygeros, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This article presents a novel perspective along with a scalable methodology to design a fault detection and isolation (FDI) filter for high dimensional nonlinear systems. Previous approaches on FDI problems are either confined to linear systems or they are only applicable to low dimensional dynamics with specific structures. In contrast, shifting attention from the system dynamics to the disturbance inputs, we propose a relaxed design perspective to train a linear residual generator given some statistical information about the disturbance patterns. That is, we propose an optimization-based approach to robustify the filter with respect to finitely many signatures of the nonlinearity. We then invoke recent results in randomized optimization to provide theoretical guarantees for the performance of the proposed filer. Finally, motivated by a cyber-physical attack emanating from the vulnerabilities introduced by the interaction between IT infrastructure and power system, we deploy the developed theoretical results to detect such an intrusion before the functionality of the power system is disrupted.
Renormalizability of the gradient flow in the 2D $O(N)$ non-linear sigma model
Creators: name: Makino, Hiroki
name: Suzuki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the gauge field and its composite operators evolved by the Yang--Mills gradient flow are ultraviolet (UV) finite without any multiplicative wave function renormalization. In this paper, we prove that the gradient flow in the 2D $O(N)$ non-linear sigma model possesses a similar property: The flowed $N$-vector field and its composite operators are UV finite without multiplicative wave function renormalization. Our proof in all orders of perturbation theory uses a $(2+1)$-dimensional field theoretical representation of the gradient flow, which possesses local gauge invariance without gauge field. As application of the UV finiteness of the gradient flow, we construct the energy--momentum tensor in the lattice formulation of the $O(N)$ non-linear sigma model that automatically restores the correct normalization and the conservation law in the continuum limit.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures, the tittle has been changed, the final version to appear in PTEP
The motive of a classifying space
Creators: name: Totaro, Burt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14A20, 14C15, 14F42

description: We give the first examples of finite groups G such that the Chow ring of the classifying space BG depends on the base field, even for fields containing the algebraic closure of Q. As a tool, we give several characterizations of the varieties which satisfy Kunneth properties for Chow groups or motivic homology. We define the (compactly supported) motive of a quotient stack in Voevodsky's derived category of motives. This makes it possible to ask when the motive of BG is mixed Tate, which is equivalent to the motivic Kunneth property. We prove that BG is mixed Tate for various "well-behaved" finite groups G, such as the finite general linear groups in cross-characteristic and the symmetric groups.
description: 44 pages; v2: references added, some arguments simplified
Welterschließung für alle Kinder? Zur Bedeutung von Fachlichkeit im vielperspektivischen und inklusiven Sachunterricht
Creators: name: Skorsetz, Nina
Publisher: name: widerstreit sachunterricht
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Im Folgenden soll ausgehend von der Leitidee der Welterschließung versucht werden, sich der Fachlichkeit des Sachunterrichts anzunähern. Dazu wird im Weiteren zunächst geklärt, was unter Fachlichkeit von Unterricht verstanden und inwiefern dies auf Sachunterricht übertragen werden kann. Darauf folgt eine Zusammenstellung verschiedener theoretischer Überlegungen, was unter dem Begriff Welterschließung bisher beschrieben wurde, bevor in einem weiteren Schritt die beiden Stränge zusammengeführt werden und auf die Bedeutung von Fachlichkeit im Sachunterricht unter Bezug auf den Anspruch der Welterschließung einge-gangen wird.Da auch in aktuellen Werken zu inklusivem Sachunterricht auf den Anspruch der Welterschließung verwiesen wird (z.B. Simon & Pech 2019), werden abschließend auch der inklusive Sachunterricht im Hinblick auf die Bedeutung von Fachlichkeit für die Welterschließung betrachtet und weiterführende (Forschungs-)Fragen aufgeworfen.
Adaptation to lowest density regions with application to support recovery
Creators: name: Patschkowski, Tim
name: Rohde, Angelika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A scheme for locally adaptive bandwidth selection is proposed which sensitively shrinks the bandwidth of a kernel estimator at lowest density regions such as the support boundary which are unknown to the statistician. In case of a Hölder continuous density, this locally minimax-optimal bandwidth is shown to be smaller than the usual rate, even in case of homogeneous smoothness. Some new type of risk bound with respect to a density-dependent standardized loss of this estimator is established. This bound is fully nonasymptotic and allows to deduce convergence rates at lowest density regions that can be substantially faster than $n^{-1/2}$. It is complemented by a weighted minimax lower bound which splits into two regimes depending on the value of the density. The new estimator adapts into the second regime, and it is shown that simultaneous adaptation into the fastest regime is not possible in principle as long as the Hölder exponent is unknown. Consequences on plug-in rules for support recovery are worked out in detail. In contrast to those with classical density estimators, the plug-in rules based on the new construction are minimax-optimal, up to some logarithmic factor.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOS1366 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Partial Body Cryotherapy in the context of medicine, health and sports: studies on practical applications
Creators: name: DE NARDI, MASSIMO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of this study was to examine isometric strength, pain threshold and perceived health responses to partial-body cryotherapy (PBC, 150s at a temperature range between -130 and -160�C). Three different populations of subjects were enrolled for this study: 200 healthy people were exposed to a single PBC session in order to assess the maximum handgrip isometric strength responses by means of an hydraulic dynamometer, 30 healthy female carried out a cycle of ten consecutive PBC sessions for evaluate the objective pain threshold in the low back region via the painpressure test and finally 28 female fibromyalgic patients were exposed to repeated exposure to PBC (ten sessions in a row) with the purpose to examine perceived health and quality of life responses utilizing two self-reported questionnaires. A single session of PBC lead to improve, immediately after the very-low temperatures exposure, muscle isometric strength in healthy people both in females and in males. Repeated exposures to PBC in healthy women was shown to be efficient in decreasing very rapidly the skin temperature in the lowback region, and thus to induce a significant increase in pain-pressure threshold values. The same protocol of repeated exposures to PBC induced significant improvements for all indexes and sub-indexes of the perceived health and quality of life questionnaires assessed in fibromyalgic patients.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF MAYTANSINOL, CANNABIDIOL AND CALLYSPONGIOLIDE IN NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY
Creators: name: MARZULLO, PAOLA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2022

description: The development of new drugs has long been inspired by Nature as the main source of the biologically active compounds. This practice has motivated total synthesis and diversity-oriented synthesis in the drug discovery and drug design process because natural products offer great opportunities to find new low molecular weight structures active against a wide range of assay targets. Obtaining a synthetic source and creation of derivative analogs would allow a greater understanding of the biologocal effects because natural products has tipically been extracted in complex mixture with other compounds making isolation impossible with useful quantities. With this in mind, the enantioselective syntheses carried out to obtain maytansinol-based conjugates as microtubule modulators, cannabidiol-C4, and two fragments of callyspongiolide are described in this thesis.
title: Sharing the Spare - die Umverteilung von Überfluss
Creators: name: Hüttinger, Kerstin
Year: 2021

description: Das Phänomen der Ökonomie des Teilens ist durch Schlagwörter wie „teilen anstatt haben“ oder „nutzen anstatt besitzen“ gekennzeichnet. Bei dieser Konsumform handelt es sich nicht um einen nur kurzfristigen Trend, sondern um eine mächtige Wirtschaftsform, die eine signifikante Wachstumsrate aufweist. Ihr wird das Potenzial unterstellt sowohl Märkte als auch das Konsumentenverhalten und folglich auch die Art, wie konsumiert wird, nachhaltig und dauerhaft zu verändern. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es die Beweggründe, kollaborativen Konsum zu betreiben unter Bezugnahme auf die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Homo Collaborans zu untersuchen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde eine Online-Umfrage konzipiert und durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis verdeutlicht, dass für jene Personen, die noch keine Erfahrung mit dem kollaborativen Konsum in der Vergangenheit sammeln konnten, die Interaktion mit neuen Menschen und ökologische Motive im Vordergrund stehen – zwei charakteristische Merkmale des Homo Collaborans. Für Personen mit Erfahrung hingegen sind primär Kostenfaktoren ausschlaggebend. Der Nachhaltigkeitsgedanke ist nur von untergeordneter Rolle und soziale Motive wie Zugehörigkeitsgefühl oder soziale Interaktion mit fremden Menschen haben gar keinen Einfluss auf die Bereitschaft, kollaborativen Konsum zu betreiben.
Can dark matter - electron scattering explain the DAMA annual modulation signal?
Creators: name: Foot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The annually modulating $\sim$ keV scintillations observed in the DAMA/NaI and DAMA/Libra experiments might be due to dark matter - electron scattering. Such an explanation is now favoured given the stringent constraints on nuclear recoil rates obtained by LUX, SuperCDMS and other experiments. We suggest that multi-component dark matter models featuring light dark matter particles of mass $\sim$ MeV can potentially explain the data. A specific example, kinetically mixed mirror dark matter, is shown to have the right broad properties to consistently explain the experiments via dark matter - electron scattering. If this is the explanation of the annual modulation signal found in the DAMA experiments then a sidereal diurnal modulation signal is also anticipated. We point out that the data from the DAMA experiments show a diurnal variation at around 2.3$σ$ C.L. with phase consistent with that expected. This electron scattering interpretation of the DAMA experiments can potentially be probed in large xenon experiments (LUX, XENON1T,...), as well as in low threshold experiments (CoGeNT, CDEX, C4, ...) by searching for annually and diurnally modulated electron recoils.
description: About 10 pages, matches published version
Majorana dark matter in a classically scale invariant model
Creators: name: Benic, Sanjin
name: Radovcic, Branimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a classically scale invariant extension of the Standard Model with dark gauge $U(1)_X$ broken by doubly charge scalar $Φ$ leaving a remnant $Z_2$ symmetry. Dark fermions are introduced as dark matter candidates and for anomaly reasons we introduce two chiral fermions. Due to classical scale invariance, bare mass term that would mix these two states is absent and they end up as stable Majorana fermions $N_1$ and $N_2$. We calculate cross sections for $N_aN_a \to ϕϕ$, $N_aN_a \to X^μϕ$ and $N_2N_2 \to N_1N_1$ annihilation channels. We put constraints to the model from the Higgs searches at the LHC, dark matter relic abundance and dark matter direct detection limits by LUX. The dark gauge boson plays a crucial role in the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism and has to be heavier then 680 GeV. The viable mass region for dark matter is from 470 GeV up to a few TeV. In the case when two Majorana fermions have different masses, two dark matter signals at direct detection experiments could provide a distinctive signature of this model.
description: new references added, minor changes in text, matches the published version
A Dynamical Systems Analysis of Axisymmetric Accretion in a Schwarzschild Black Hole
Creators: name: Iram, Shamreen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stationary, inviscid, axi-symmetric, rotating, transonic accretion flow has been studied in a general relativistic framework, in the Schwarzschild metric; for three different flow geometries - under both polytropic and isothermal conditions. The equilibrium points of the underlying fluid system have been located and an eigenvalue based linear dynamical systems analysis of these critical points has been carried out, to obtain a taxonomic scheme of the critical points. It has hence been shown that only saddle and centre type points can arise for real, physical transonic flow.
description: 29 pages, 36 figures. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/[10.1007/s10714-015-1874-8]
The Effect of Foreground Mitigation Strategy on EoR Window Recovery
Creators: name: Chapman, Emma
name: Zaroubi, Saleem
name: Abdalla, Filipe
name: Dulwich, Fred
name: Jelić, Vibor
name: Mort, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The removal of the Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds remains a major challenge for those wishing to make a detection of the Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal. Multiple methods of modelling these foregrounds with varying levels of assumption have been trialled and shown promising recoveries on simulated data. Recently however there has been increased discussion of using the expected shape of the foregrounds in Fourier space to define an EoR window free of foreground contamination. By carrying out analysis within this window only, one can avoid the foregrounds and any statistical bias they might introduce by instead removing these foregrounds. In this paper we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both foreground removal and foreground avoidance. We create a series of simulations with noise levels in line with both current and future experiments and compare the recovered statistical cosmological signal from foreground avoidance and a simplified, frequency independent foreground removal model. We find that while, for current generation experiments, foreground avoidance enables a better recovery at $k_{perp} > 0.6 \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, foreground removal is able to recover significantly more signal at small $k_{los}$ for both current and future experiments. We also relax the assumption that the foregrounds are smooth by introducing a Gaussian random factor along the line-of-sight and then also spatially. We find that both methods perform well for foreground models with line-of-sight and spatial variations around $0.1\%$ however at levels larger than this foregrounds removal shows a greater signal recovery.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Neuromodulated plasticity of the connectivity between the Prefrontal Cortex and the noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus
Creators: name: LOCARNO, ANDREA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Genova
Year: 2020

description: Incentive stimuli and environmental stressors are encoded at the level of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits, which send their glutamatergic excitatory projections to several neuromodulatory regions, including the Locus Coeruleus (LC), the major source of noradrenaline (NA) for the entire forebrain. Despite the potential implications for NA-mediated regulation of action control and for the etiology of stress-related neuropsychiatric conditions, it remains to be established how LC neuronal activity is shaped by impinging PFC inputs (PFC?LC) to affect behavior, and whether these inputs are modulated by in-vivo experience. By combining neurophysiological and optogenetic approaches together with behavioral paradigms in mice, we found that PFC ?LC stimulation supports learning and retrieval of contextual memory associations. Consistent with the occurrence of plasticity processes at LC synapses, long-lasting modulation of PFC?LC projections relies on the endocannabinoid (eCB)-mediated signaling capacity, which is dynamically shaped by context adaptations and stress salience experiences. We also found that eCB-plasticity at PFC ? LC synapses is regulated during the adolescence to adulthood transition. In summary, our results not only dissect the behavioral implications of neuromodulated plasticity at PFC inputs to the LC, but also unveil divergent synaptic substrates during postnatal development, which might be relevant to explain some of the different noradrenergic-mediated response in adolescents and adults. ?