cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Light Curves and Spectra from a Thermonuclear Explosion of a White Dwarf Merger
Creators: name: van Rossum, Daniel R.
name: Kashyap, Rahul
name: Fisher, Robert
name: Wollaeger, Ryan T.
name: Garcia-Berro, Enrique
name: Aznar-Siguan, Gabriela
name: Ji, Suoqing
name: Loren-Aguilar, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double-degenerate (DD) mergers of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs have recently emerged as a leading candidate for normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). However, many outstanding questions surround DD mergers, including the characteristics of their light curves and spectra. We have recently identified a spiral instability in the post-merger phase of DD mergers and demonstrated that this instability self-consistently leads to detonation in some cases. We call this the spiral merger SN Ia model. Here, we utilize the SuperNu radiative transfer software to calculate three-dimensional synthetic light curves and spectra of the spiral merger simulation with a system mass of 2.1 $M_\odot$ from Kashyap et al. Because of their large system masses, both violent and spiral merger light curves are slowly declining. The spiral merger resembles very slowly declining SNe Ia, including SN 2001ay, and provides a more natural explanation for its observed properties than other SN Ia explosion models. Previous synthetic light curves and spectra of violent DD mergers demonstrate a strong dependence on viewing angle, which is in conflict with observations. Here, we demonstrate that the light curves and spectra of the spiral merger are less sensitive to the viewing angle than violent mergers, in closer agreement with observation. We find that the spatial distribution of 56Ni and IMEs follows a characteristic hourglass shape. We discuss the implications of the asymmetric distribution of 56Ni for the early-time gamma-ray observations of 56Ni from SN 2014J. We suggest that DD mergers that agree with the light curves and spectra of normal SNe Ia will likely require a lower system mass.
description: in ApJ 2016
Line intercept in Groot Winterhoek, farm: Ouderkloof near Tulbagh, site 3319AC/3
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Groot Winterhoek
line intercept

description: This is a scanned copy of a document of a line intercept in monitoring site 3319AC/3 in Groot Winterhoek. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Biomass measurements in Jonkershoek, Abdolskloof Catchment, site 3318DD/4/3
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Biomass measurements
Jonkershoek
Abdolskloof Catchment

description: This is a scanned copy of a document noting biomass measurements in Jonkershoek, Abdolskloof Catchment, site 3318DD/4/3. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape.  SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Nanoscale femtosecond imaging of transient hot solid density plasmas with elemental and charge state sensitivity using resonant coherent diffraction
Creators: name: Kluge, Thomas
name: Bussmann, M.
name: Chung, H. -K.
name: Gutt, C.
name: Huang, L. G.
name: Zacharias, M.
name: Schramm, U.
name: Cowan, T. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we propose to exploit the low energy bandwidth, small wavelength and penetration power of ultrashort pulses from XFELs for resonant Small Angle Scattering (SAXS) on plasma structures in laser excited plasmas. Small angle scattering allows to detect nanoscale density fluctuations in forward scattering direction. Typically, the SAXS signal from laser excited plasmas is expected to be dominated by the free electron distribution. We propose that the ionic scattering signal becomes visible when the X-ray energy is in resonance with an electron transition between two bound states (Resonant coherent X-ray diffraction, RCXD). In this case the scattering cross-section dramatically increases so that the signal of X-ray scattering from ions silhouettes against the free electron scattering background which allows to measure the opacity and derived quantities with high spatial and temporal resolution, being fundamentally limited only by the X-ray wavelength and timing. Deriving quantities such as ion spatial distribution, charge state distribution and plasma temperature with such high spatial and temporal resolution will make a vast number of processes in shortpulse laser-solid interaction accessible for direct experimental observation e.g. hole-boring and shock propagation, filamentation and instability dynamics, electron transport, heating and ultrafast ionization dynamics.
Strongly Time-Variable Ultra-Violet Metal Line Emission from the Circum-Galactic Medium of High-Redshift Galaxies
Creators: name: Sravan, N.
name: Faucher-Giguere, C. -A.
name: van de Voort, F.
name: Keres, D.
name: Muratov, A. L.
name: Hopkins, P. F.
name: Feldmann, R.
name: Quataert, E.
name: Murray, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological simulations from the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project, which implement a comprehensive set of stellar feedback processes, to study ultra-violet (UV) metal line emission from the circum-galactic medium of high-redshift (z=2-4) galaxies. Our simulations cover the halo mass range Mh ~ 2x10^11 - 8.5x10^12 Msun at z=2, representative of Lyman break galaxies. Of the transitions we analyze, the low-ionization C III (977 A) and Si III (1207 A) emission lines are the most luminous, with C IV (1548 A) and Si IV (1394 A) also showing interesting spatially-extended structures. The more massive halos are on average more UV-luminous. The UV metal line emission from galactic halos in our simulations arises primarily from collisionally ionized gas and is strongly time variable, with peak-to-trough variations of up to ~2 dex. The peaks of UV metal line luminosity correspond closely to massive and energetic mass outflow events, which follow bursts of star formation and inject sufficient energy into galactic halos to power the metal line emission. The strong time variability implies that even some relatively low-mass halos may be detectable. Conversely, flux-limited samples will be biased toward halos whose central galaxy has recently experienced a strong burst of star formation. Spatially-extended UV metal line emission around high-redshift galaxies should be detectable by current and upcoming integral field spectrographs such as the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope and Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI).
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL9 controls cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis and genome integrity through p53
Creators: name: Xiong,
name: Li,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: CUL9 is a member of the cullin family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, and it localizes predominantly in the cytoplasm. Deletion of Cul9 in mice results in increased DNA damage, widespread aneuploidy, spontaneous tumor development, accelerated Eμ-Myc-induced lymphomagenesis, and susceptibility to carcinogenesis. CUL9 binds to p53 and causes cell apoptosis when ectopically expressed. Whether the function of CUL9 in maintaining genomic integrity and suppressing tumorigenesis is linked to p53 has not been genetically tested. Here, we report that deletion of CUL9 in human cells results in attenuated p21 induction and impaired cellular response to DNA damage. We show that disruption of Cul9-p53 binding in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) by a knock-in mutation in Cul9 (Δp53) increases S-phase cell population, accumulates DNA damage during DNA replication, and decreases apoptosis to both endogenous and exogenous DNA-damaging agents. The extent of these alterations in Cul9Δp53 MEFs is indistinguishable to those seen in Cul9-/- MEFs and comparable to those seen in p53-/- MEFs. Deletion of CUL9 in p53 null cells does not lead to further increase of DNA damages. Both Cul9-/- and Cul9Δp53 MEFs proliferate faster and undergo spontaneous immortalization while retaining both Arf and p53. These results demonstrate that the functions of CUL9 in regulating cell proliferation and maintaining genomic integrity are mainly mediated by p53, and that CUL9 is a critical p53 activator.
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the SILEZA SILEZA CAMP station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Sileza
Hydrological
Pressure transducer
Ground Water level

description: This package contains supporting information for the hydrological data collected at SILEZA's SILEZA CAMP station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
Anomaly in the cosmic-ray energy spectrum at GeV-TeV energies
Creators: name: Thoudam, Satyendra
name: Hörandel, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent measurements of cosmic rays by various experiments have found that the energy spectrum of cosmic rays is harder in the TeV region than at GeV energies. The origin of the spectral hardening is not clearly understood. In this paper, we discuss the possibility that the spectral hardening might be due to the effect of re-acceleration of cosmic rays by weak shocks associated with old supernova remnants in the Galaxy.
description: 6 pages, To appear in the proceedings of the 24th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, 2014, Kiel
Quantum interference effects in laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen, deuterium, and helium-3
Creators: name: Amaro, Pedro
name: Franke, Beatrice
name: Krauth, Julian J.
name: Diepold, Marc
name: Fratini, Filippo
name: Safari, Laleh
name: Machado, Jorge
name: Antognini, Aldo
name: Kottmann, Franz
name: Indelicato, Paul
name: Pohl, Randolf
name: Santos, José Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum interference between energetically close states is theoretically investigated, with the state structure being observed via laser spectroscopy. In this work, we focus on hyperfine states of selected hydrogenic muonic isotopes, and on how quantum interference affects the measured Lamb shift. The process of photon excitation and subsequent photon decay is implemented within the framework of nonrelativistic second-order perturbation theory. Due to its experimental interest, calculations are performed for muonic hydrogen, deuterium, and helium-3. We restrict our analysis to the case of photon scattering by incident linear polarized photons and the polarization of the scattered photons not being observed. We conclude that while quantum interference effects can be safely neglected in muonic hydrogen and helium-3, in the case of muonic deuterium there are resonances with close proximity, where quantum interference effects can induce shifts up to a few percent of the linewidth, assuming a pointlike detector. However, by taking into account the geometry of the setup used by the CREMA collaboration, this effect is reduced to less than 0.2% of the linewidth in all possible cases, which makes it irrelevant at the present level of accuracy.
description: 8 pages, 4 Figs. Shorter version as recommended by the referee. More details can be found in v1
Modeling Asthma in Mice Using Rhinovirus Infection
Creators: name: Bentley, JK
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022
Subjects: Airways
Asthma
Inflammation
Mouse
Rhinovirus
Animals
Enterovirus Infections
HeLa Cells
Humans
Mice
Picornaviridae Infections
Pyroglyphidae

description: Rhinovirus (RV) infection is linked to early life wheezing and exacerbation of adult asthma. RV infection can be modeled in adult and neonatal mice. This chapter outlines methods for the production of standardized human rhinovirus A1B and mouse infection. The chapter also describes methods to couple infections with allergen (ovalbumin and house dust mite) administrations. The production of the virus involves its amplification, purification, and concentration. In order to standardize the concentrated RV stock, a plaque assay on HeLa cells is outlined as a method of calibrating infectivity. Once the number of plaque-forming units is determined, the standardized virus is used for mouse infection.
Deficient inflammasome activation permits an exaggerated asthma phenotype in rhinovirus C-infected immature mice
Creators: name: Han, M
name: Ishikawa, T
name: Stroupe, CC
name: Breckenridge, HA
name: Bentley, JK
name: Hershenson, MB
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: Animals
Asthma
Biomarkers
Cell Line
Coxsackievirus Infections
Cytokines
Disease Models, Animal
Disease Progression
Disease Susceptibility
Enterovirus
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Immunophenotyping
Inflammasomes
Lymphocyte Activation
Lymphocyte Subsets
Macrophages
Mice
Phenotype

description: Compared to other RV species, RV-C has been associated with more severe respiratory illness and is more likely to occur in children with a history of asthma or who develop asthma. We therefore inoculated 6-day-old mice with sham, RV-A1B, or RV-C15. Inflammasome priming and activation were assessed, and selected mice treated with recombinant IL-1β. Compared to RV-A1B infection, RV-C15 infection induced an exaggerated asthma phenotype, with increased mRNA expression of Il5, Il13, Il25, Il33, Muc5ac, Muc5b, and Clca1; increased lung lineage-negative CD25+CD127+ST2+ ILC2s; increased mucous metaplasia; and increased airway responsiveness. Lung vRNA, induction of pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokines, and inflammasome priming (pro-IL-1β and NLRP3) were not different between the two viruses. However, inflammasome activation (mature IL-1β and caspase-1 p12) was reduced in RV-C15-infected mice compared to RV-A1B-infected mice. A similar deficiency was found in cultured macrophages. Finally, IL-1β treatment decreased RV-C-induced type 2 cytokine and mucus-related gene expression, ILC2s, mucous metaplasia, and airway responsiveness but not lung vRNA level. We conclude that RV-C induces an enhanced asthma phenotype in immature mice. Compared to RV-A, RV-C-induced macrophage inflammasome activation and IL-1β are deficient, permitting exaggerated type 2 inflammation and mucous metaplasia.
Disruption of the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway accelerates APC loss-induced colorectal tumorigenesis
Creators: name: Tackmann,
name: Zhang,
name: Yang,
name: Liu,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor is frequently found in colorectal cancer. Loss of APC function results in deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway causing overexpression of the c-MYC oncogene. In lymphoma, both p19ARF and ribosomal proteins RPL11 and RPL5 respond to c-MYC activation to induce p53. Their role in c-MYC-driven colorectal carcinogenesis is unclear, as p19ARF deletion does not accelerate APC loss-triggered intestinal tumorigenesis. To determine the contribution of the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway to APC loss-induced tumorigenesis, we crossed mice bearing MDM2C305F mutation, which disrupts RPL11- and RPL5-MDM2 binding, with Apcmin/+ mice, which are prone to intestinal tumor formation. Interestingly, loss of RP-MDM2 binding significantly accelerated colorectal tumor formation while having no discernable effect on small intestinal tumor formation. Mechanistically, APC loss leads to overexpression of c-MYC, RPL11 and RPL5 in mouse colonic tumor cells irrespective of MDM2C305F mutation. However, notable p53 stabilization and activation were observed only in Apcmin/+;Mdm2+/+ but not Apcmin/+;Mdm2C305F/C305F colon tumors. These data establish that the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway, in contrast to the p19ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway, is a critical mediator of colorectal tumorigenesis following APC loss.
Ror2-mediated alternative Wnt signaling regulates cell fate and adhesion during mammary tumor progression
Creators: name: Creighton,
name: Pfefferle,
name: Rosen,
name: Roarty,
name: Perou,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Cellular heterogeneity is a common feature in breast cancer, yet an understanding of the coexistence and regulation of various tumor cell subpopulations remains a significant challenge in cancer biology. In the current study, we approached tumor cell heterogeneity from the perspective of Wnt pathway biology to address how different modes of Wnt signaling shape the behaviors of diverse cell populations within a heterogeneous tumor landscape. Using a syngeneic TP53-null mouse model of breast cancer, we identified distinctions in the topology of canonical Wnt β-catenin-dependent signaling activity and non-canonical β-catenin-independent Ror2-mediated Wnt signaling across subtypes and within tumor cell subpopulations in vivo. We further discovered an antagonistic role for Ror2 in regulating canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity in vivo, where lentiviral shRNA depletion of Ror2 expression augmented canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity across multiple basal-like models. Depletion of Ror2 expression yielded distinct phenotypic outcomes and divergent alterations in gene expression programs among different tumors, despite all sharing basal-like features. Notably, we uncovered cell state plasticity and adhesion dynamics regulated by Ror2, which influenced Ras Homology Family Member A (RhoA) and Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Kinase 1 (ROCK1) activity downstream of Dishevelled-2 (Dvl2). Collectively, these studies illustrate the integration and collaboration of Wnt pathways in basal-like breast cancer, where Ror2 provides a spatiotemporal function to regulate the balance of Wnt signaling and cellular heterogeneity during tumor progression.
The Cerny conjecture and 1-contracting automata
Creators: name: Don, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A deterministic finite automaton is synchronizing if there exists a word that sends all states of the automaton to the same state. Černý conjectured in 1964 that a synchronizing automaton with $n$ states has a synchronizing word of length at most $(n-1)^2$. We introduce the notion of aperiodically $1-$contracting automata and prove that in these automata all subsets of the state set are reachable, so that in particular they are synchronizing. Furthermore, we give a sufficient condition under which the Černý conjecture holds for aperiodically $1-$contracting automata. As a special case, we prove some results for circular automata.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Line intercept from Hawequas, site 3319CD/3
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Hawequas

description: This is a scanned copy of a line intercept, with a diagram from Hawequas, site 3319CD/3. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Διαμόρφωση και υλοποίηση στρατηγικής σε νεοφυείς επιχειρήσεις
Creators: name: Παπαδόπουλος, Μάριος Αλέξανδρος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Στρατηγικό μάνατζμεντ
subject: Νεοφυείς επιχειρήσεις
subject: Πανδημία
subject: COVID-19
subject: Proptech

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι να εξετάσει το στρατηγικό μανατζμεντ σε νεοφυείς επιχειρήσεις, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στην ανάπτυξη και εφαρμογή στρατηγικών που επιτρέπουν σε αυτούς τους οργανισμούς να επιτύχουν τους στόχους και τους σκοπούς τους. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο, παρέχουμε μια ολοκληρωμένη επισκόπηση της στρατηγικής και του στρατηγικού μανατζμεντ συμπεριλαμβανομένων βασικών εννοιών όπως η ανάλυση SWOT, η καινοτομία επιχειρηματικού μοντέλου και το ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα. Συζητάμε επίσης τον ρόλο του Διευθύνοντος Συμβούλου και της ηγετικής ομάδας στη διαμόρφωση της στρατηγικής κατεύθυνσης του οργανισμού. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο της διατριβής εστιάζει στις διαφορές μεταξύ νεοφυών επιχειρήσεων και καθιερωμένων οργανισμών, επισημαίνοντας τις μοναδικές προκλήσεις και ευκαιρίες που αντιμετωπίζουν οι νεοφυείς επιχειρήσεις. Εξερευνούμε τους παράγοντες που συμβάλλουν στην επιτυχία ή την αποτυχία των νεοσύστατων επιχειρήσεων κατά τον κύκλο ζωής τους, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της ικανότητας προσαρμογής στις μεταβαλλόμενες συνθήκες της αγοράς και της σημασίας της οικοδόμησης μιας ισχυρής ομάδας και κουλτούρας. Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζει μια μελέτη περίπτωσης της Blueground, μιας νεοφυούς επιχείρησης στον κλάδο των ακινήτων. Αναλύουμε τον αντίκτυπο της πανδημίας COVID-19 στις επιχειρήσεις της Blueground και πώς η εταιρεία ανταποκρίθηκε σε αυτές τις προκλήσεις μέσω της ανάπτυξης και της εφαρμογής νέων στρατηγικών. Μέσω αυτής της ανάλυσης, στοχεύουμε να παρέχουμε γνώσεις και πρακτικές συστάσεις για νεοφυείς επιχειρήσεις που επιδιώκουν να αναπτύξουν και να εφαρμόσουν αποτελεσματικές στρατηγικές ενόψει της αβεβαιότητας και της αλλαγής.
Realization of a binary-outcome projection measurement of a three-level superconducting quantum system
Creators: name: Jerger, Markus
name: Macha, Pascal
name: Hamann, Andrés Rosario
name: Reshitnyk, Yarema
name: Juliusson, Kristinn
name: Fedorov, Arkady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary-outcome measurements allow to determine whether a multi-level quantum system is in a certain state while preserving quantum coherence between all orthogonal states. In this paper, we explore different regimes of the dispersive readout of a three-level superconducting quantum system coupled to a microwave cavity in order to implement binary-outcome measurements. By designing identical cavity frequency shifts for the first and second excited states of the system, we realize strong projective binary-outcome measurements onto its ground state with a fidelity of $94.3\%$. Complemented with standard microwave control and low-noise parametric amplification, this scheme enables the quantum non-demolition detection of leakage errors and can be used to create sets of compatible measurements to reveal the contextual nature of superconducting circuits.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Sustained p16INK4a expression is required to prevent IR-induced tumorigenesis in mice
Creators: name: Beauséjour,
name: Sharpless,
name: Palacio,
name: Krishnan,
name: Le,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Exposure of murine and human tissues to ionizing radiation (IR) induces the expression of p16INK4a, a tumor suppressor gene and senescence/aging biomarker. Increased p16INK4a expression is often delayed several weeks post exposure to IR. In this context, it remains unclear if it occurs to suppress aberrant cellular growth of potentially transformed cells or is simply a result of IR-induced loss of tissue homeostasis. To address this question, we used a conditional p16INK4a null mouse model and determined the impact of p16INK4a inactivation long-term post exposure to IR. We found that, in vitro, bone marrow stromal cells exposed to IR enter DNA replication following p16INK4a inactivation. However, these cells did not resume growth; instead, they mostly underwent cell cycle arrest in G2. Similarly, delayed inactivation of p16INK4a in mice several weeks post exposure to IR resulted in increased BrdU incorporation and cancer incidence. In fact, we found that the onset of tumorigenesis was similar whether p16INK4a was inactivated before or after exposure to IR. Overall, our results suggest that IR-induced p16INK4a dependent growth arrest is reversible in mice and that sustained p16INK4a expression is necessary to protect against tumorigenesis.
Ολοκλήρωση συστημάτων διαχείρισης ποιότητας και ασφάλειας σε μονάδα υγείας, σύμφωνα με τα πρότυπα ISO 90012015 και 450012018
Creators: name: Τσαβδαρίδη, Φλωρεντία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Συστήματα ποιότητας
subject: Πρότυπα συστήματα
subject: Συστήματα ποιότητας στην υγεία
subject: ISO 9001
subject: ISO 45001

description: Η παρούσα εργασία θα πραγματευθεί την ανάλυση και εφαρμογή των συστημάτων διαχείρισης ποιότητας ISO 9001:2015 και ISO 45001:2018, μελετώντας μέρος του περιεχόμενου των συστημάτων, αναδεικνύοντας τα οφέλη που απορρέουν μέσα από την ποιότητα και την εφαρμογή. Η Μονάδα διαθέτει ένα πλαίσιο λειτουργίας, οργάνωσης και τεκμηριωμένες διαδικασίες βάσει των προτύπων. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δόθηκε στην υγεία και ασφάλεια στην εργασία και στη διαχείριση κινδύνων. Η εφαρμογή των προτύπων οδήγησε στον ανασχεδιασμό και στη δημιουργία νέων διαδικασιών, αποσκοπώντας σε μια συστηματική βελτίωση των διαδικασιών, στη βελτίωση της ποιότητας των υπηρεσιών, στη βελτίωση της επίδοσης με απώτερο σκοπό την αύξηση της ικανοποίησης και την ασφάλεια των ενδιαφερόμενων μερών. Η εφαρμογή του ISO 9001:2015 και ISO 45001:2018, θα θέσει τις βάσεις στη Μονάδα για νέες πιστοποιήσεις και σε άλλα Πρότυπα καθώς και τον συνεχή ανασχεδιασμό των ήδη καταγεγραμμένων διαδικασιών, βασιζόμενη στη νέα ενιαία Δομή Προτύπων (High Level Structure).
5-Fluorouracil targets thymidylate synthase in the selective suppression of TH17 cell differentiation
Creators: name: Chen, Shu-Hsia
name: Xiong, Huabao
name: Yang, Jianjun
name: Cui, Miao
name: Xu, Feihong
name: Li, Liwu
name: Jiang, Bo
name: Sikora, Andrew G.
name: Zheng, Zihan
name: Hu, Yuan
name: Lu, Geming
name: Cheung, Ka Lung
name: Chen, Chun
name: Zhang, Ruihua
name: Zhou, Ming-Ming
name: Bian, Guanglin
name: Zhu, Hongfa
name: Peng, Liang
name: Liu, Kebin
name: Chiang, David
name: Chen, Ye
name: Wang, Juan
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Yang, Jianfei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: While it is well established that treatment of cancer patients with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) can result in immune suppression, the exact function of 5-FU in the modulation of immune cells has not been fully established. We found that low dose 5-FU selectively suppresses TH17 and TH1 cell differentiation without apparent effect on Treg, TH2, and significantly suppresses thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in TH17 and TH1 cells but has a lesser effect in tumor cells and macrophages. Interestingly, the basal expression of TS varies significantly between T helper phenotypes and knockdown of TS significantly impairs TH17 and TH1 cell differentiation without affecting the differentiation of either Treg or TH2 cells. Finally, low dose 5-FU is effective in ameliorating colitis development by suppressing TH17 and TH1 cell development in a T cell transfer colitis model. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of the anti-inflammatory functions of low dose 5-FU by selectively suppressing TH17 and TH1 immune responses.
Trend Assessment of Marloth Nature Reserve, Swellendam, Langeberg, site 3320CD/1
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
trend assessment
map
Marloth Nature Reserve
Langeberg
Swellendam

description: This is a scanned copy of a trend assessment with a map, diagram and photographs of Marloth Nature Reserve, Swellendam, Langeberg, site 3320CD/1. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Line intercept in the Koue Bokkeveld, Heiveld, site 3219CD/1
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Koue Bokkeveld
line intercept
Heiveld

description: This is a scanned copy of a document of a line intercept in the Koue Bokkeveld, Heiveld, site 3219CD/1. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Antibody-based targeting of alternatively spliced tissue factor: a new approach to impede the primary growth and spread of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Rak, Janusz W.
name: Adam, Mariette
name: Ramchandani, Divya
name: Weber, Georg F.
name: Sovershaev, Timofey
name: Van Dreden, Patrick
name: Lewis, Clayton S.
name: Ünlü, Betü
name: Keil, Ryan
name: Wolberg, Alisa S.
name: Sturm, Robert
name: Versteeg, Henri H.
name: Chu, Zhengtao
name: Qi, Xiaoyang
name: Ahmad, Syed A.
name: Woodhams, Barry J.
name: Bogdanov, Vladimir Y.
name: Unruh, Dusten
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Alternatively spliced Tissue Factor (asTF) is a secreted form of Tissue Factor (TF), the trigger of blood coagulation whose expression levels are heightened in several forms of solid cancer, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). asTF binds to β1 integrins on PDAC cells, whereby it promotes tumor growth, metastatic spread, and monocyte recruitment to the stroma. In this study, we determined if targeting asTF in PDAC would significantly impact tumor progression. We here report that a novel inhibitory anti-asTF monoclonal antibody curtails experimental PDAC progression. Moreover, we show that tumor-derived asTF is able to promote PDAC primary growth and spread during early as well as later stages of the disease. This raises the likelihood that asTF may comprise a viable target in early- and late-stage PDAC. In addition, we show that TF expressed by host cells plays a significant role in PDAC spread. Together, our data demonstrate that targeting asTF in PDAC is a novel strategy to stem PDAC progression and spread.
Exploiting Machine Learning and Disequilibrium in Galaxy Clusters to Obtain a Mass Profile
Creators: name: Henriksen, Mark J.
name: Panda, Prajwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 3-D K Means clustering to characterize galaxy substructure in the Abell 2146 cluster of galaxies (z = 0.2343). This method objectively characterizes the cluster's substructure using projected position and velocity data for 67 galaxies within a 2.305 Mpc circular region centered on the clusters optical center. The optimal number of substructures is found to be 4. Four distinct substructures with RMS velocity typical of galaxy groups or low mass subclusters, when compared to cosmological simulations of galaxy cluster formation, suggests that Abell 2146 is in the early stages of formation. We utilize this disequilibrium, that is so prevalent in galaxy clusters at all redshifts, to construct a radial mass distribution. Substructures are bound but not virialized. This method is in contrast to previous kinematical analyses, which have assumed virialization, and ignored the ubiquitous clumping of galaxies. The best fitting radial mass profile is much less centrally concentrated than the well known NFW profile, indicating that the dark matter dominated mass distribution is flatter pre-equilibrium, becoming more centrally peaked in equilibrium through merging of substructure.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures
Theory of Singlet Fission in Polyenes, Acene Crystals and Covalently Linked Acene Dimers
Creators: name: Aryanpour, Karan
name: Shukla, Alok
name: Mazumdar, Sumit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report quadruple configuration interaction calculations within the extended Pariser$-$Parr$-$Pople Hamiltonian on the excited states of aggregates of polyenes, crystalline acenes, and covalently linked dimers of acene molecules. We determine the precise energy orderings and analyze the cluster wave functions in order to arrive at a comprehensive physical understanding of singlet fission in these diverse families of materials. Our computational approach allows us to retain a very large number of basis states and thereby obtain the correct relative energy orderings of one electron$-$one hole Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons versus intra- and intermolecular two electron$-$two hole triplet$-$triplet excited states. We show that from the energy orderings it is possible to understand the occurrence of singlet fission in polyene and acene crystals, as well as its near total absence in the covalently linked acene dimers. As in the acene crystals, singlet fission in the polyenes is a multichromophoric phenomenon, with the well-known 2$^1$A$_g^-$ playing no direct role. Intermolecular charge-transfer is essential for singlet fission in both acenes and polyenes, but because of subtle differences in the natures and orderings of the aggregate excited states, the mechanisms of singlet fission are slightly different in the two classes. We are thus able to give qualitative physical reasoning for the slower singlet fission in the polyenes, relative to that in crystalline pentacene. Our work also gives new insight into the complex exciton dynamics in tetracene crystals, which has been difficult to understand theoretically. Our large-scale many-body calculations provide us with the ability to understand the qualitative differences in the singlet fission yields and rates between different classes of $π$-conjugated materials.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures (including Table of Contents, Scheme 1 and two figures in the Supporting Information)
Construction and immunological characterization of CD40L or GM-CSF incorporated Hantaan virus like particle
Creators: name: Shang, Lei
name: Zhang, Fanglin
name: Cheng, Linfeng
name: Ma, Ruixue
name: Truax, Agnieszka D.
name: Lei, Yingfeng
name: Ye, Wei
name: Wang, Fang
name: Xu, Zhikai
name: Wu, Xingan
name: Liu, Rongrong
name: Ma, Tiejun
name: Ying, Qikang
name: Liu, Ziyu
name: Zhang, Xiaoxiao
name: Zhang, Liang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Infection of Hantaan virus (HTNV) usually causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). China has the worst epidemic incidence of HFRS as well as high fatality. Inactivated whole virus has been used for HFRS vaccination, however there are still problems such as safety concerns. CD40 ligand (CD40L) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are well-known immune stimulating molecules that can enhance antigen presenting, lymphocytes activation and maturation, incorporation of CD40L and GM-CSF to the surface of virus like particles (VLPs) can greatly improve the vaccination effect. We constructed eukaryotic vectors expressing HTNV M segment and S segment, as well as vectors expressing HTNV M segment with CD40L or GM-CSF, our results showed successful production of CD40L or GM-CSF incorporated HTNV VLPs. In vitro stimulation with CD40L or GM-CSF anchored HTNV VLP showed enhanced activation of macrophages and DCs. CD40L/GM-CSF incorporated VLP can induce higher level of HTNV specific antibody and neutralizing antibody in mice. Immunized mice splenocytes showed higher ability of secreting IFN-γ and IL-2, as well as enhancing CTL activity. These results suggest CD40L/GM-CSF incorporated VLP can serve as prospective vaccine candidate.
Helicity-based, particle-relabeling operator and normal mode expansion of the dissipationless incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Araki, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of an incompressible, dissipationless Hall magnetohydrodynamic medium are investigated from Lagrangian mechanical viewpoint. The hybrid and magnetic helicities are shown to emerge, respectively, from the application of the particle relabeling symmetry for ion and electron flows to Noether's first theorem, while the constant of motion associated with the theorem is generally given by their arbitrary linear combination. Furthermore, integral path variation associated with the invariant action is expressed by the operation of an integro-differential operator on the reference path. The eigenfunctions of this operator are double Beltrami flows, i.e. force-free stationary solutions to the equation of motion and provide a family of orthogonal function bases that yields the spectral representation of the equation of motion with a remarkably simple form. Among the double Beltrami flows, considering the influence of a uniform background magnetic field and the Hall term effect vanishing limit, the generalized Elsasser variables are found to be the most suitable for avoiding problems with singularities in the standard magnetohydrodynamic limit.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. The title was changed again as a result of revising manuscript
Laboratory investigation of the ignition and spread of smouldering in peat samples of different origins and the associated emissions
Creators: name: Cui, Wuquan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Tackling peatland wildfires, the largest fires on Earth in terms of fuel consumption, is an emerging combustion topic in the context of climate change. The understanding of fundamental smouldering dynamics and their application to peatlands are essential to mitigation methodologies’ development, but not yet fully understood in the literature. Most of the previous laboratory smouldering studies used horticultural peat which has a great advantage in controlling the influential factors, but has lower bulk density, and is not representative of some higher bulk density peat found in the field. In this thesis, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the critical ignition conditions and governing fire spread parameters of smouldering in peat of various origins, and to quantify the associated emissions. To better understand natural variations, field samplings were conducted in Sumatra, Indonesia and Flow Country, Scotland. In addition, five types of horticultural peat were studied. The results show high bulk density peat from long-term drained peatlands experiences more extensive burning in terms of the amount of carbon and particle emitted, while newly drained peat with low bulk density is more vulnerable to fire in terms of easier ignition and faster fire spread. Evidence was found in this thesis that the heat sink density and the organic density, not only control horizontal spread and in-depth spread, but also determine ignition probability. Furthermore, as smouldering is multidimensional, a critical angle of spread direction (65˚ relative to horizontal plane) above which smouldering cannot self-sustain was found. By studying the emissions of different types of peat, the modified combustion efficiency (MCE) range for smouldering was broadened to 0.74 – 0.88, and found to be significantly dependent on the fuel composition. This thesis provides a better understanding of how smouldering wildfires start and spread in different types of peat and the associated emissions, thus contributing to prevention and mitigation.
Disentangling the structural and cellular driving forces of CD59 inhibition of membrane attack complex pore formation
Creators: name: Couves, Emma
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The complement Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) is an evolutionary ancient immune effector which deposits on target membranes to lyse cells. MAC is non-selective and is directed to pathogens by upstream complement proteins. However, this lack of specificity can lead to bystander damage of healthy tissues during an immune response. To combat this, host tissues express CD59, a small GPI-anchored protein which directly inhibits MAC pore formation stopping damage to the membrane. CD59 provides critical regulation of MAC, changes to which can have devastating clinical consequences. Over-expression of CD59 confers resistance of tumours to monoclonal antibody therapeutics which activate MAC as a mechanism of tumour killing; whereas loss of CD59 expression can lead to uncontrolled lysis of red blood cells in the rare, but potentially lethal condition, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria. Despite clear clinical interest, complex and contradictory literature studies mean a molecular mechanism and exact identification of MAC binding sites remain unknown. This thesis brings together novel advances in sample preparation and image processing in Electron cryo-Microscopy to discover the mechanism of inhibition. The work presented here unambiguously identifies two independent binding sites on CD59 for the transmembrane hairpins of C8a and C9 altering their trajectories such that membrane insertion is no longer favoured. Furthermore, these structures demonstrate CD59 has only an indirect effect on C9 polymerisation. The structures presented are, to our best knowledge, the first high resolution structures of a MAC assembly solved in a membrane environment and forms the basis for understanding the role of the membrane in MAC inhibition. To test these new hypotheses, this thesis also details the early steps taken to set up a robust complement activation procedure to study the cellular control of MAC. Together, these data provide a significant step forward in the understanding of CD59 regulation of MAC which has implications for the design of new compounds to overcome the impact of CD59-related therapeutic resistance.
The exact Schur index of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM
Creators: name: Bourdier, Jun
name: Drukker, Nadav
name: Felix, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Witten index counts the difference in the number of bosonic and fermionic states of a quantum mechanical system. The Schur index, which can be defined for theories with at least $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry in four dimensions is a particular refinement of the index, dependent on one parameter $q$ serving as the fugacity for a particular set of charges which commute with the hamiltonian and some supersymmetry generators. This index has a known expression for all Lagrangian and some non-Lagrangian theories as a finite dimensional integral or a complicated infinite sum. In the case of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM with gauge group $U(N)$ we rewrite this as the partition function of a gas of $N$ non interacting and translationally invariant fermions on a circle. This allows us to perform the integrals and write down explicit expressions for fixed $N$ as well as the exact all orders large $N$ expansion.
description: 11 pages; v2: typos corrected